bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) among Malaysians during COVID-19: a methodological study
Authors: Thiyagarajan Arulmani , James Tyler G. , Marzo Roy Rillera 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDepression, anxiety, and stress continue to be among the largest burdens of disease, globally. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) is a shortened version of DASS-41 developed to measure these mental health conditions. The DASS-41 has strong evidence of validity and reliability in multiple contexts. However, the DASS-21, and the resulting item properties, has been explored less in terms of modern test theories. One such theory is Item Response Theory (IRT), and we use IRT models to explore latent item and person traits of each DASS-21 sub-scale among people living in Malaysia. Specifically, we aimed to assess Classical Test Theory and IRT properties including dimensionality, internal consistency (reliability), and item-level properties. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study and sent link-based questionnaires to people aged 18 and above in a private university and requested to roll out the link. Overall and individual sub-scales’ Cronbach’s alpha of the DASS-21 indicates an excellent internal consistency. The average inter-item correlation and corrected inter-item correlations for each of the sub-scales indicated acceptable discrimination. On average, DASS-21 total scores and sub-scale scores were significantly higher among female participants than males. The Graded Response Model had better empirical fit to sub-scale response data. Raw summated and latent (IRT estimated) scores of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress sub-scales, and overall DASS-21 were strongly correlated. Thus, this study provides evidence of validity supporting the use of the DASS-21 as a mental health screening tool among Malaysians. Specifically, standard error of measurement was minimized to provide robust evidence of potential utility in identifying participants who are and are not experiencing these mental health issues. Additional research is warranted to ensure that test content culturally appropriate and accurately measuring cultural norms of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Race- and gender-based under-representation of creative contributors: art, fashion, film, and music
Authors: Topaz Chad M. , Higdon Jude , Epps-Darling Avriel , Siau Ethan , Kerkhoff Harper , Mendiratta Shivani , Young Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMotivated by the well-established benefits to society of artistic creation and of demographic diversity, we investigate the gender and racial/ethnic composition of influential contributors to four creative domains. Women make up 51% of the U.S. population but are underrepresented at influential levels of contemporary art (28%), high fashion (45%), box office film (27%), and popular music (17%). Marginalized racial/ethnic groups make up 39% of the U.S. population yet comprise approximately half that figure in contemporary art (22%), high fashion (22%), and box office film (19%). Black musical artists have higher representation (48%), though higher representation does not equate with equity and inclusion. As for intersecting identities, white men are overrepresented in all four domains by factors ranging from 1.4 to 2 as compared to the U.S. population, and most other gender-racial/ethnic groups are further minoritized. Our study is the first comprehensive, comparative, empirical look at intersecting identities across creative fields. The exclusion of marginalized individuals, including those who are women, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Latinx, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, is severe. The lack of self-expressed demographic data is a challenge, as is the erasure of certain identity groups from the American Community Survey, including agender, gender noncomforming, nonbinary, and transgender individuals. These are challenges that, if addressed, would enhance our collective understanding of diversity in creative fields.
Probing electrolyte–silica interactions through simulations of the infrared spectroscopy of nanoscale pores
Authors: Senanayake Hasini S. , Greathouse Jeffery A. , Thompson Ward H. 
Published: June 2022

The structural and dynamical properties of nanoconfined solutions can differ dramatically from those of the corresponding bulk systems. Understanding the changes induced by confinement is central to controlling the behavior of synthetic nanostructured materials and predicting the characteristics of biological and geochemical systems. A key outstanding issue is how the molecular-level behavior of nanoconfined electrolyte solutions is reflected in different experimental, particularly spectroscopic, measurements. This is addressed here through molecular dynamics simulations of the OH stretching infrared (IR) spectroscopy of NaCl, NaBr, and NaI solutions in isotopically dilute HOD/D2O confined in hydroxylated amorphous silica slit pores of width 1–6 nm and pH ∼2. In addition, the water reorientation dynamics and spectral diffusion, accessible by pump–probe anisotropy and two-dimensional IR measurements, are investigated. The aim is to elucidate the effect of salt identity, confinement, and salt concentration on the vibrational spectra. It is found that the IR spectra of the electrolyte solutions are only modestly blue-shifted upon confinement in amorphous silica slit pores, with both the size of the shift and linewidth increasing with the halide size, but these effects are suppressed as the salt concentration is increased. This indicates the limitations of linear IR spectroscopy as a probe of confined water. However, the OH reorientational and spectral diffusion dynamics are significantly slowed by confinement even at the lowest concentrations. The retardation of the dynamics eases with increasing salt concentration and pore width, but it exhibits a more complex behavior as a function of halide.
L2 reading comprehension
Authors: Yamashita Junko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Multicomponent views of reading constitute a contemporary standard platform toward a more comprehensive understanding of reading and its development. Based on component approaches to L2 reading comprehension, this chapter first outlines linguistic and general cognitive processing necessary for understanding text meaning, and then synthesizes current research insights into components of L2 reading comprehension covering differences between L1 and L2 reading and the cross-linguistic nature of L2 reading. In so doing, the chapter discusses influential theories in the relevant research areas. The chapter closes with discussions on theories and methodologies of L2 reading research.
L2 reading comprehension and its correlates
Authors: Jeon Eun Hee , Yamashita Junko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present study updates Jeon and Yamashita’s (2014) meta-analysis by adding a total of 40 independent samples from 30 additional studies published between 2011 and 2017. Using the method of a quantitative meta-analysis of correlation coefficients, the study synthesizes weighted and, when possible, corrected (for attenuation due to measurement error) correlations between passage-level, L2 reading comprehension and each of the following correlates: decoding, orthographic knowledge, phonological awareness, morphological knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, grammar knowledge, L1 reading comprehension, L2 listening comprehension, working memory, metacognition, and oral reading fluency. The results showed that L2 knowledge variables were invariably strong correlates of L2 reading comprehension. Language-general variables such as working memory and metacognition were, on the other hand, only weakly correlated with L2 reading comprehension. Of the two companion proficiency variables, namely, L2 listening comprehension and L1 reading comprehension, the former showed a much stronger correlation with L2 reading comprehension. In sum, these results indicated that L2 reading comprehension is much more strongly associated with L2 knowledge rather than language-general, cognitive or metacognitive variables or the long-assumed general reading abilities indicated by L1 reading comprehension. Lastly, the study introduced oral reading fluency as a promising correlate of L2 reading comprehension.
Discussion, limitations, and future research
Authors: Jeon Eun Hee , In'nami Yo , Koizumi Rie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes the results of the six meta-analyses (Chapters 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 11) included in this volume and interprets the findings in reference to the theories and models of L2 proficiency and assessment. We first review influential theories and models of L2 proficiency starting with Spearman’s (1904, 1927) and Oller’s (1979) unitary view of language proficiency, leading to the most recent, Hulstijn’s (2015, 2019) core-periphery model. We then discuss the findings of 4 meta-analyses which reported on the correlations between each of the four L2 skills and its external correlates. Next, we discuss the findings of 2 meta-analyses which reported on the correlations between productive L2 skills (writing and speaking) and their internal correlates. The chapter then discusses the limitations and future research directions.
Magnetic field assisted nucleation dynamics of laser induced manganese oxide nanoparticles in water
Authors: Kharphanbuh Sanchia Mae , Phukan Arindom , Nath Arpita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pulsed laser ablation at manganese (paramagnetic)–water interface led to the formation of cubic bixbyite α-Mn2O3 nano-particles. The effect of external magnetic field on to the size of the nano-particles was investigated. Nucleation modelling were carried out to validate the experimental results. To study the affect of the external magnetic field on to the nucleation dynamics, two different models were employed—model A: influence of the magnetic pressure, and model B: influence of the magnetic energy, that affects the laser-induced nucleation dynamics when an external magnetic field is applied. It was observed that the nucleation modelling using model A gives more agreeable results to the experimental observation than model B. A similar investigation was also carried out using ferromagnetic: nickel target, which shows significant influence exhibiting a decrease in nano-particle sizes using both the models. The fluid dynamical counterpart: cavitation bubbles formed at laser interaction with solid targets immersed in liquids, are also probed. Cavitation bubbles formed at the manganese–water interface seem impervious to the external magnetic field; however, for targets such as nickel, energy dispensed to ferromagnetic interactions is translated to cavitation bubbles which exhibit larger bubble radius.
Erbium-doped fiber laser with switchable wavelength generation based on tunable filter and dual-pass mach-zehnder filter incorporated with fiber delay line
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Quancai , Wang Yang , Duan Junfa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A wavelength switchable erbium-doped fiber laser incorporated with a tunable filter and dual-pass Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) was designed and experimentally demonstrated. The erbium-doped fiber was used as the gain medium for the fiber laser and the laser working threshold was 92 mW. The dual-pass MZI was fabricated using three optical couplers (OCs) and the variable fiber delay line. A tunable filter was used for laser tuning and it was combined with two OCs to construct a subsidiary cavity. A tunable and stable single- and dual-wavelength laser output was obtained in the experiment. In the case of single-wavelength laser output, the tuning span was in the range of 1527.6–1562.4 nm with an interval of 1.2 nm. Additionally, the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) was greater than 37.45 dB. In the case of dual-wavelength laser emission, the lasers were tuned from 1540.7 and 1541.6 nm to 1560.8 and 1561.2 nm, respectively. The stability of the single-, dual-and triple-wavelength laser output was evaluated and the power fluctuation was less than 1.36, 1.34, and 1.37 dB, respectively. Finally, quadruple- and quintuple-wavelength laser outputs were achieved by adjusting the loss of the intra-cavity.
Impedance spectroscopy, electronic transport, and dielectric relaxation studies in methylene green organic semiconductor for photovoltaic application
Authors: Al-Harbi F F , Darwish A A A , Al-Ghamdi S A , Khasim Syed , El-Shazly E A A , El-Rahman K F Abd , Hamdalla Taymour A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrganic electronic technologies are widely used in our daily life. Methylene green (MG) is a promising organic dye due to many potential properties such as easy processing, high flexibility, non-toxic, high stability, etc In our study, the dielectric properties, impedance spectroscopy, and AC conductivity of bulk MG samples have been studied in temperatures up to 453 K and in frequencies up to 5 MHz. The Impedance spectroscopy studies for our investigated bulk samples showed a single semicircle in the complex impedance spectra indicating multi-relaxation behavior. The DC conductivity shows activation and indicates that MG behaves like an organic semiconductor. It was found that the AC conductivity for MG bulk samples increased rapidly with frequency increasing. The conduction mechanism ofσACwas affected by the model of barrier hopping. An analysis of the dielectric constant is performed assuming the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillar type polarization is dominant at low frequency and high temperature. The calculated values of relaxation time and activation energies are 1.45 × 10−15s and 0.65 eV, respectively. Our research findings candidate MG bulk samples in various photovoltaic applications such as organic light-emitting diodes.
Spatial resolution and efficiency of prototype sensors for the LHCb VELO Upgrade
Authors: Buchanan E. , Akiba K. , van Beuzekom M. , Collins P. , Dall'Occo E. , Evans T. , Franco Lima V. , Geertsema R. , Kopciewicz P. , Price E. , Rachwal B. , Richards S. , Saunders D. , Schindler H. , Szumlak T. , Tsopelas P. , Velthuis J. , Williams M.R.J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive study of the spatial resolution and detection efficiency of sensor prototypes developed for the LHCb VELO upgrade is presented. Data samples were collected at the CERN SPS H8 beam line using a hadron mixture of protons and pions with momenta of approximately 180 GeV/c. The sensor performance was characterised using both irradiated and non-irradiated sensors. Irradiated samples were subjected to a maximum fluence of 8 × 1015 1 MeV neq cm-2, of both protons and neutrons. The spatial resolution is measured comparing the detected hits to the
position as predicted by tracks reconstructed by the Timepix3 telescope. The resolution is presented for different applied bias voltages and track angles, sensor thickness and implant size.
Recommended load standards for pastures in arid zones of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shagaipov M M , Shagaipov M M , Eshajieva Kh Kh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Livestock pastures are the main source of feed. However, they are vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, which are constantly under stress and as a result affect biodiversity and the quality of the pasture ecosystem. When overloading of the permissible grazing rate of animals is allowed on pastures, depending mainly on the load of pastures by cattle, leads to irreparable changes in the ecological balance in nature. Analyzing the main points of the relationship between animals and pastures, some problems are highlighted, suggestions are given on pasture turnover schemes for the main forage lands. The aim of the study was the need for rational use of pastures for grazing cattle and cattle in the semi-desert zone of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, the norms of pasture load by cattle were calculated depending on their yield and nutritional value. The nutritional value of pastures depends on the species composition of the vegetation cover. The load rate is calculated for seasonal pastures.
Prospects for improving the Azov Sea’s state in the implementation of the planned transition to the best available technologies of the enterprises of the Don River basin
Authors: Zvonkova N V , Zavyalova A A , Ozerova N V , Korolev I V , Philippov P V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the main environmental problems of the Azov Sea. It is worth highlighting such problems as changes in salinity, temperature and general water pollution. It is shown that the main role in the deterioration of the situation is played by changes in the volume and quality of the waters of the rivers feeding the Azov Sea. The largest rivers are the Don and Kuban. These rivers are actively involved in the economic activities of the population of 15 subjects of the Russian Federation, which makes solving the problem of improving their hydrological and ecological condition an extremely difficult task. The article provides information about the adopted large-scale federal programs under which it is assumed to reduce the volume of water consumption, modernization of treatment facilities of industrial enterprises and settlements located near rivers with the use of the best available technologies, the prospects for the implementation of these programs are also outlined.
Calculation of pollution of water bodies by wastewater of the Moscow region enterprise
Authors: Rodionov S S , Bagaeva N Yu , Michurina N Yu , Reznikova I V , Shevchuk A A , Polyakova E V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the author studies and calculates pollution of water bodies by wastewater of the Moscow region enterprise. The author reveals the general principles of determining the maximum discharge of pollutants as established standards for the water bodies quality, as well as the permissible and actual concentration, maximum permissible discharge, and total wastewater flow rate.
Environmental monitoring as a method of counteracting environmental risks in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Provodina E V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The problem of assessing environmental risks in science is covered from various angles. Its versatility is due to the intensive development of modern society and, in particular, the growth of industrial production and large-scale mining. In view of this, mechanisms that provide for forecasting and risk assessment have a significant advantage, which is characteristic of environmental monitoring. At the same time, the interrelationship of social processes, taken as its subject, the central element of which is a person, forces us to rethink the content of ecological mechanisms for environmental protection. Mechanisms for countering environmental risks should include not only technical procedures and mathematical calculations, which are widely applicable in risk assessment in the event of insurmountable natural events, for example, but also risks that can give rise to a wide range of negative consequences if natural resources are not properly treated. Taking into account the identified needs, elements of environmental monitoring were presented, forming a mechanism aimed at predicting and assessing environmental risks, which corresponds to the stated goal of the study.
Formalization of the concept of “natural safety” in nuclear technology
Authors: Okunev V S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main purpose of the article is the formalization of the concept of “natural safety” in nuclear technology. Some concepts encountered in the design of complex technical objects, including nuclear power plants, are referred to as intuitive concepts. These are “natural safety”, “inherent safety”, “ultimate safety” and others. The solution of the problem is based on the use of the shifted ideal method for solving discrete multicriteria tasks. For clarity, two criteria are considered as an example. The problem of maximizing these criteria is solved. As a result of the study, it was possible to formalize the basic concepts used in the design of new generation safe nuclear reactors. The significance of the article is that such formalized concepts can be used in the design of new equipment and new enterprises for various purposes, including those related to the production of electrical energy.
Microbiological analysis of agropal soil with potato plantings
Authors: Kuzmina N P , Ermolaeva S V , Chevychelov A P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, the soils of experimental beds of arable land with potatoes of the Tittyakh plot are studied. A general microbiological analysis of the selected soils–determination of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, as well as identification of the presence of phytopathogenic fungi contributing to potato spoilage - was carried out. It has been established that the used pesticides (herbicides) reduce the total number of microorganisms in the arable land with potatoes by 3 times and have different effectiveness against pathogenic fungi for potatoes. It was revealed that the soil at the Tittyakh site is infected with the most dangerous fungi for potatoes from the genera Fusarium, Trichoderma, Alternaria.
Impact of physico-chemical and operational factors on the process of milk skim
Authors: Chebotarev E A , Kopchenkov V G , Maksimenko A T , Borisenko Y G , Dunaenko A V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article analyzes the effect on the results of degreasing of the original milk’s temperature and acidity, the operation of the skimming machine, the periods of the separation cycle, the mechanical impact on the original product, as well as the technical condition of the separator. The results of laboratory experiments on the skimming of cold milk are provided. Practical recommendations are given.
Substantiation of the technology of functional milk-containing products using wild plants
Authors: Dotsenko S M , Guzhel Yu A , Zverkov D D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article substantiates the possibility and expediency of creating milk-containing products of a functional orientation based on wild garlic, pine nut kernel and wild garlic-nut composition. New methods have been developed for transforming wild-growing raw materials and milk-kefir products into food systems with significant amounts of physiologically valuable and biologically active ingredients. For the received products, code designations are defined and given in accordance with national standards. The article presents the results of a study of the biochemical composition of innovative products.
Energy calculation of the temperature field of an elliptical body without internal heat sources under boundary conditions of the third kind
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr Ivanovich 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article presents an energy calculation of an elliptical body without internal heat sources under boundary conditions of the third kind. The solution is obtained by decomposition into a trigonometric series when moving to an elliptic coordinate system. A special case was also considered for given specific sizes. The reliability of the obtained result is confirmed by the fact that the temperature distribution does not depend on the boundary conditions and on the size of the body, but is completely determined by the ambient temperature.
Method for assessing the performance of agricultural machinery
Authors: Yuzenko Y A , Tarkivsky V E , Ivanov A B , Voronin E S , Eviev V A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the features of the operational and technological assessment of agricultural machinery. Research has been carried out and a technical tool has been developed that allows timing of technological operations in determining the operational and technological indicators of an agricultural machine. To determine such indicators as the distance traveled, speed and performance, a global navigation satellite system is used with the ability to generate vehicle movement tracks in an Internet application. The use of the proposed device will reduce subjective errors in the timing of operations and speed up testing of agricultural units.