bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress on the toxicity of quantum dots to model organism‐zebrafish
Authors: Bai Changcun , Tang Meng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn vivo toxicological studies are currently necessary to analyze the probable dangers of quantum dots (QDs) to the environment and human safety, due to the fast expansion of QDs in a range of applications. Because of its high fecundity, cost‐effectiveness, well‐defined developmental phases, and optical transparency, zebrafish has long been considered the “gold standard” for biosafety assessment of chemical substances and pollutants. In this review, the advantages of using zebrafish in QD toxicity assessment were explored. Then, the target organ toxicities such as developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity were summarized. The hazardous effects of different QDs, including cadmium‐containing QDs like CdTe, CdSe, and CdSe/ZnS, as well as cadmium‐free QDs like graphene QDs (GQDs), graphene oxide QDs (GOQDs), and others, were emphasized and described in detail, as well as the underlying mechanisms of QDs generating these effects. Furthermore, general physicochemical parameters determining QD‐induced toxicity in zebrafish were introduced, such as chemical composition and surface coating/modification. The limitations and special concerns of using zebrafish in QD toxicity studies were also mentioned. Finally, we predicted that the utilization of high‐throughput screening assays and omics, such as transcriptome sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics will be popular topic in nanotoxicology.
Clinical outcome of porous hydroxyapatite/collagen graft on bone defects following curettage of bone tumors
Authors: Iwatsu Jun , Watanuki Munenori , Yoshida Shinichirou , Hitachi Shin , Watanabe Mika , Aizawa Toshimi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/col) has been reported to be a highly useful bone‐like nanocomposite. This study included 33 human patients to investigate the details of the clinical outcomes, which are (1) onset of timing of bone regeneration, (2) replacement by regenerated bone of HAp/col and (3) complications, in human cases grafting HAp/col in large bone defects, following curettage of bone tumors. Porous HAp/col initiated bone regeneration approximately 59 days following the surgery. In 15 cases (45%), complete replacement by newly formed bone was observed 12 months after surgery. On the other hand, incomplete replacement of HAp/col at the final follow‐up was observed in 13 cases (39%). In these cases, HAp/col could not be detected in the transparent area of postoperative plain radiographs owing to quick absorption; moreover, it was difficult to distinguish whether the transparent area in plain radiographs was remaining HAp/col, recurrence, or remaining tumor. In addition, larger HAp/col implantation volume (≧15 cm3) was associated with poorer result of complete replacement (log‐rank, p = .005). Further studies are warranted for the construction of a new artificial bone graft substitute that is more quickly and surely regenerated by newly formed bone in large bone defects.
A novel prognostic model associated with the overall survival in patients with breast cancer based on lipid metabolism‐related long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Shi Guo‐Jian , Zhou Qin , Zhu Qi , Wang Li , Jiang Guo‐Qin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Our purpose was to establish a novel model based on lipid metabolism‐related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and evaluate the potential clinical value in predicting prognosis for patients suffering from breast cancer.MethodsRNA data and clinical information for breast cancer were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Lipid metabolism‐related lncRNAs were identified via the criteria of correlation coefficient |R2| > 0.4 and p < 0.001, and prognostic lncRNAs were identified to establish model through Cox regression analysis. The training set and validation set were established to certify the feasibility, and all samples were separated into high‐risk group or low‐risk group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted to evaluate the potential biological functions, and the immune infiltration levels were explored through Cibersortx database.ResultsA total of 14 lncRNAs were identified as protective genes (AC022150.4, AC061992.1, AC090948.3, AC092794.1, AC107464.3, AL021707.8, AL451085.2, AL606834.2, FLJ42351, LINC00926, LINC01871, TNFRSF14−AS1, U73166.1 and USP30−AS1) with HRs < 1 while 10 lncRNAs (AC022150.2, AC090948.1, AC243960.1, AL021707.6, ITGB2−AS1, OTUD6B−AS1, SP2−AS1, TOLLIP−AS1, Z68871.1 and ZNF337−AS1) were associated with increased risk with HRs >1. A total of 24 prognostic lncRNAs were selected to construct the model. The patients in low‐risk group were associated with better prognosis in both training set (p < 0.001) and validation set (p < 0.001). The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that risk score was an independent prognostic factors in both training set (p < 0.001) and validation set (p < 0.001). GO and GSEA analyses revealed that these lncRNAs were related to metabolism‐related signal pathway and immune cells signal pathway. Risk score was negatively correlated with B cells (r = −0.097, p = 0.002), NK cells (r = −0.097, p = 0.002), Plasma cells (r = −0.111, p = 3.329e‐04), T‐cells CD4 (r = −0.064, p = 0.039) and T‐cells CD8 (r = −0.322, p = 2.357e‐26) and positively correlated with Dendritic cells (r = 0.077, p = 0.013) and Monocytes (r = 0.228, p = 1.107e‐13).ConclusionThe prognostic model based on lipid metabolism lncRNAs possessed an important value in survival prediction of breast cancer patients.
Novel immune‐related signature based on immune cells for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Libin , Fang Hualong , Yin Min , Long Huimin , Weng Guobin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney and is characterized by poor prognosis. We sought to build an immune‐related prognostic signature and investigate its relationship with immunotherapy response in ccRCC.MethodsImmune‐related genes were identified by ssGSEA and WGCNA. The prognostic signature was conducted via univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, PCA, t‐SNE, and ROC were used to evaluate the risk model.ResultsA total of 119 immune‐related genes associated with prognosis were screened out. Six immune‐related genes (CSF1, CD5L, AIM2, TIMP3, IRF6, and HHLA2) were applied to construct a prognostic signature for KIRC. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients in high‐risk group had a poorer survival outcome than in low‐risk group. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year AUC of the prognostic signature was 0.754, 0.715, and 0.739, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models demonstrated that the risk signature was an independent prognostic factor for KIRC survival. GSEA analysis suggested that the high‐risk group was concentrated on immune‐related pathways. The high‐risk group with more regulatory T‐cell infiltration showed a higher expression of immune negative regulation genes. The risk score had positively relationship with TIDE score and negatively with the response of immunotherapy. The IC50 values of axitinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, and temsirolimus were lower in the high‐risk group.ConclusionOur study defined a robust signature that may be promising for predicting clinical outcomes and immunotherapy and targeted therapy response in ccRCC patients.
LncRNA PVT1 is increased in renal cell carcinoma and affects viability and migration in vitro
Authors: Bohosova Julia , Kasik Marek , Kubickova Adela , Trachtova Karolina , Stanik Michal , Poprach Alexandr , Slaby Ondrej 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRenal cell carcinoma is difficult to diagnose and unpredictable in disease course and severity. There are no specific biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis estimation feasible in clinical practice. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of gene expression in recent years. Aside from their cellular role, their expression patterns could be used as a biomarker of ongoing pathology.MethodsIn this work, we used next‐generation sequencing for global lncRNA expression profiling in tumor and non‐tumor tissue of RCC patients. The four candidate lncRNAs have been further validated on an independent cohort. PVT1, as the most promising lncRNA, has also been studied using functional in vitro tests.ResultsNext‐generation sequencing showed significant dysregulation of 1163 lncRNAs; among them top 20 dysregulated lncRNAs were AC061975.7, AC124017.1, AP000696.1, AC148477.4, LINC02437, GATA3‐AS, LINC01762, LINC01230, LINC01271, LINC01187, LINC00472, AC007849.1, LINC00982, LINC01543, AL031710.1, and AC019197.1 as down‐regulated lncRNAs; and SLC16A1‐AS1, PVT1, LINC0887, and LUCAT1 as up‐regulated lncRNAs. We observed statistically significant dysregulation of PVT1, LUCAT1, and LINC00982. Moreover, we studied the effect of artificial PVT1 decrease in renal cell line 786–0 and observed an effect on cell viability and migration.ConclusionOur results show not only the diagnostic but also the therapeutic potential of PVT1 in renal cell carcinoma.
Start‐up of partial nitrification by intermittent aeration, pH shocks and sulfide addition in a sequential batch reactor
Authors: Hassan Magray Owaes , Gani Khalid M. , Kumari Sheena , Awolusi Oluyemi , Gumede Lethintokozo , Seyam Mohammed , Bux Faizal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe combination of partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation has been identified as a promising technology for the removal of nitrogenous contaminants from wastewater. The inhibition or wash‐out of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) while keeping the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) active is key for PN. Multiple strategies, including intermittent aeration, pH shocks and sulfide addition, were investigated in this study for the start‐up of PN and stable suppression of NOB.RESULTSIntermittent aeration with a dissolved oxygen (DO) level of <5 mg L−1 effectively suppressed NOB activity and resulted in an average nitrite accumulation (NAR) of 93%, implying that the initial DO level during the aeration phase may influence the establishment of successful PN. Likewise, when the reactor was run at a low pH (5), both AOB and NOB activity was reduced. When the pH was raised to neutral pH (7.5), there was an increase in AOB activity with an average NAR of 84%; however, NOB activity remained suppressed. Likewise, when the reactor was fed with sulfide (≤25 mg L−1) without pH control, the average NAR increased from 63% to 85%.CONCLUSIONSThis study proposes a successful approach to achieving PN by controlling DO level in the aeration phase during intermittent aeration and pH control. The findings also show that the nitrite oxidation process is more sensitive to sulfide than the ammonium oxidation process. As a result, the findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of establishing PN in a sequential batch system. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Interaction between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and childhood trauma predicts risk for depression in men
Authors: Xavier Janaína , Bastos Clarissa Ribeiro , Camerini Laísa , Amaral Paola Bajadares , Jansen Karen , de Mattos Souza Luciano Dias , da Silva Ricardo Azevedo , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Lara Diogo Rizzato , Ghisleni Gabriele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDepression is a disabling illness with complex etiology. While the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene, in particular the functional Val158Met polymorphism, has been related to depression, the mechanisms underlying this gene‐disease association are not completely understood. Therefore, we explore the association of COMT Val158Met polymorphism with depression as well as its interaction with childhood trauma in 1136 young adults from a population‐based study carried out in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. The diagnosis was performed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI 5.0), and trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Total DNA was extracted and genotyped by real‐time PCR, and the QTLbase dataset was queried to perform large‐scale quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Our research showed no direct association between the Val158Met polymorphism and the diagnosis of depression (women: χ2 = 0.10, d = 1, p = 0.751; men: χ2 = 0.003, df = 1, p = 0.956). However, the Met‐allele of the Val158Met polymorphism modified the effect of childhood trauma in men (OR = 2.58 [95% CI: 1.05–6.29]; p = 0.038) conferring risk for depression only on those who suffer from trauma. The conditional effect from moderation analysis showed that trauma impacts the risk of depression only in men carrying the Met‐allele (effect: 0.9490, standard error [SE]: 0.2570; p = 0.0002). QTLbase and dataset for Val158Met polymorphism were consistent for markers that influence chromatin accessibility transcription capacity including histone methylation and acetylation. The changes caused in gene regulation by childhood trauma exposure and polymorphism may serve as evidence of the mechanism whereby the interaction increases susceptibility to this disorder in men.
Developing sustainable capacity for urban assemblies: Case study of a World Bank project in Ghana
Authors: Danquah Joseph Kwadwo , Analoui Farhad , Boampong Boakye , Amenshiah Ambrose Kwabena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDonor partners have been supporting developing economies in capacity development through donor‐funded projects to enable them to achieve sustainable development. To understand the effectiveness of such projects, this paper adopted a mixed‐methods approach to study a capacity development project funded by the World Bank and implemented in 46 metropolitan and municipal assemblies in Ghana. The study employed the European Centre for Development Policy Management's core capabilities model (5Cs) to examine the World Bank project. The study recommends that, to ensure sustainability, capacity development projects should be embedded in Ghana's development programmes. We also propose an alternative model for the implementation of capacity development projects to achieve sustainable development.
The role of the lateral septum in neuropsychiatric disease
Authors: Patel Hamish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe lateral septum (LS) is a structure in the midline of the brain that is interconnected with areas associated with stress and feeding. This review highlights the role of the LS in anxiety, depression, and eating disorders and their comorbidity. There is a prevailing view that the LS is anxiolytic. This review finds that the LS is both anxiolytic and anxiogenic. Furthermore, the LS can promote and inhibit feeding. Given these shared roles, the LS represents a common site for the comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders, and therefore a potential pharmacological target. This is crucial since currently available treatments are not always effective. Corticotrophin‐releasing factor 2 antagonists are potential drugs for the treatment of anxiety and anorexia and require further research. Furthermore, other drugs currently in trials for binge eating, such as alpha‐adrenergic agonists, may in fact promote food intake. It is hoped that the advancements in chemo‐ and optogenetic techniques will allow future studies to profile the specific neural connections of the LS and their function. This information could facilitate our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and therefore pharmacological targets, of these psychiatric conditions.
What does gender has to do with math? Complex questions require complex answers
Authors: Girelli Luisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhether mathematics is a gendered domain or not is a long‐lasting issue bringing along major social and educational implications. The females' underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has been considered one of the key signs of the math gender gap, although the current view largely attributes the origin of this phenomenon to sociocultural factors. Indeed, recent approaches to math gender differences reached the universal conclusion that nature and nurture exert reciprocal effects on each other, establishing the need for approaching the study of the math gender issue only once its intrinsic complexity has been accepted. Building upon a flourishing literature, this review provides an updated synthesis of the evidence for math gender equality at the start, and for math gender inequality on the go, challenging the role of biological factors. In particular, by combining recent findings from different research areas, the paper discusses the persistence of the “math male myth” and the associated “female are not good at math myth,” drawing attention to the complex interplay of social and cultural forces that support such stereotypes. The suggestion is made that longevity of these myths results from the additive effects of two independent cognitive biases associated with gender stereotypes and with math stereotypes, respectively. Scholars' responsibility in amplifying these myths by pursuing some catching lines of research is also discussed.
Development and evaluation of a simple and easy high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet system simultaneously suitable for determination of 24 anti‐epileptic drugs in plasma
Authors: Zhao Yan‐lin , Zhao Lin‐lin , you Yu‐xin , Zheng Xiao‐xiao , Du Yan , Tang Dao‐quan 
Published: April 2022

We aim to establish a simple and easy high‐performance liquid chromatography system coupled with an ultraviolet detector suitable for simultaneous determination of 24 antiepileptic drugs in human plasma. Optimized chromatographic separation was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus‐C18 (4.6 × 150 mm2, 3.5 μm) column with acetonitrile and 5 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution as mobile phase. Note that, 24 antiepileptic drugs were divided into three groups and eluted with different gradient procedures, respectively. The column temperature was maintained at 35°C and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. Plasma was processed with ethyl acetate or acetonitrile. The calibration curves of 24 antiepileptic drugs demonstrated good linearity within the test range (r > 0.996). The intra‐ and inter‐batch precision and accuracy were all less than 15%, while extraction recoveries were in the range of 74.57–90.89% with the relative standard deviation values less than 15%. The validated methods have been successfully applied to determination of some antiepileptic drugs in rat or patient plasma. Those results indicated that the developed methods were simple and easy, and could be suitable for the determination of 24 antiepileptic drugs in plasma just by changing the gradient elution procedures of mobile phase.
Data‐driven inference of interactions among multiple tourist attractions for hourly demand forecasting
Authors: Zhao Rong , Wang Feilong , Zheng Weimin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExisting tourism demand forecasting models mainly focus on forecasting demands of relatively long time spans at a single destination. These studies lack considering the evolution of demand patterns or presume fixed interaction structures among multiple destinations, limiting their applications during uncertain times when demands and their interactions could evolve fast. This study simultaneously infers interactions among multiple tourist attractions from tourist arrival data and learns temporal patterns for forecasting short‐term tourist arrivals at these attractions. We achieve this goal by working on data of high spatiotemporal resolution and developing a variational autoencoder framework, where a data‐driven encoder infers the interactions and a decoder learns the short‐term dynamics of tourism demand.
Clinical anatomy of superior laryngeal artery via transoral approach
Authors: Jia Junxiao , Zhang Junbo , Zeng Zhengang , Shen Hong , Wang Chengyuan , Chen Jian , Xiao Shuifang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveHemorrhage is the most common complication caused by transoral laryngopharyngeal surgery. It is believed that proper management of the superior laryngeal artery (SLA), the main feeding artery for the larynx and pharynx, may reduce intra‐ and postoperative hemorrhage incidence. The aim of this study was to illustrate the anatomy of the SLA via transoral endoscopic approach.MethodsFourteen sides of SLA from heads of seven fresh‐frozen and silicone‐injected cadavers were dissected. Transoral dissections were performed for the intra‐laryngeal segment of SLA, and transcervical dissections were performed to confirm the anatomical measurements.ResultsSLA had a slightly descending course from the origin to the larynx, and there was a major branch supplying the epiglottis, named pharyngo‐epiglottic artery (PEA). Parallel with the internal superior laryngeal nerve (ISLN), SLA passed through the thyrohyoid membrane and ended into the hypopharynx. The distance from SLA to the superior horn of thyroid cartilage (SHTC) was (9.11 ± 0.58)mm on the left and (9.01 ± 0.37)mm on the right; the distance from SLA to the inferior margin of the hyoid bone (IMHB) was (2.00 ± 0.11)mm on the left and (1.95 ± 0.08)mm on the right; the distance from SLA to ISLN was (5.98 ± 0.48)mm on the left and (5.78 ± 0.36)mm on the right. No significant difference was found between bilateral sides (p > 0.05). Moreover, the distance from SLA to superior margin of thyroid cartilage (SMTC) was (5.52 ± 0.24)mm on the left and (5.80 ± 0.15)mm on the right. A significant difference was also found between bilateral sides (p = 0.03), which might suggest the SLA is located further from the SMTC on the right side.ConclusionSHTC, SMTC, and IMHB could be regarded as anatomical landmarks to locate SLA when applying a transoral approach. Moreover, a complete understanding of the detailed anatomy of the superior laryngeal artery may improve the detection of hemostasis in transoral laryngeal or hypo‐pharyngeal surgery.
Skin and soft tissue infections in adolescent chronic myeloid leukemia under dasatinib treatment
Authors: Uchida Eriko , Saito Shoji , Morita Daisuke , Okura Eri , Hirabayashi Koichi , Tanaka Miyuki , Nakazawa Hideyuki , Minagawa Akane , Nakazawa Yozo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough skin complications are common adverse events from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), no reports have focused on skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) associated with TKI use. We herein present five episodes of SSTIs in three CML patients under dasatinib treatment. All patients were adolescents and had been receiving dasatinib for more than 4 years. In contrast, none of 41 adult CML patients experienced SSTIs in a retrospective analysis. Our findings suggest that long‐term dasatinib treatment in adolescent patients may be associated with the increased risk of SSTIs.
Clinical utility of vinblastine therapeutic drug monitoring for the treatment of infantile myofibroma patients: A case series
Authors: Carruthers Vickyanne , Barnett Shelby , Rees Rebecca , Arif Tasnim , Slater Olga , Ramanujachar Ramya , Johnson Katie , Brown Sarah , Graham Catherine , Burke G.A. Amos , Veal Gareth J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfantile myofibroma is a rare, benign tumour of infancy typically managed surgically. In a minority of cases, more aggressive disease is seen and chemotherapy with vinblastine and methotrexate may be used, although evidence for this is limited. Chemotherapy dosing in infants is challenging, and vinblastine disposition in infants is unknown. We describe the use of vinblastine therapeutic drug monitoring in four cases of infantile myofibroma. Marked inter‐ and intrapatient variability was observed, highlighting the poorly understood pharmacokinetics of vinblastine in children, the challenges inherent in treating neonates, and the role of adaptive dosing in optimising drug exposure in challenging situations.