bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Daratumumab combined with Chemotherapy on Immune Function in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Observation of its Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Zhang Ye-hua , Xu Feng , Xu Chang-qing , Zhang Zi-tan , Jiao Zong-jiu 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and immune function of Daratumumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).
Methods: Eighty patients with RRMM treated in Xingtai People’s Hospital from January, 2020 to December, 2021 were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the study group were treated with Daratumumab combined with PAD regimen, while patients in the control group were provided with PAD regimen alone. Further comparison was performed on the therapeutic effects, adverse drug reactions, the levels of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+, the positive expression rate of CD38 and the expression level of Notch-1 on the membrane of plasma cells between the two groups.
Results: The overall response rate in the study group (67.50%) was significantly better than that in the control group (45.00%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. After treatment, the reviewed levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were obviously higher in the study group than those in the control group, while the positive expression rate of CD38 and the expression level of Notch one on the membrane of plasma cells were both lower than those in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Daratumumab combined with a PAD regimen is a safe and effective approach that has a definite curative effect on patients with RRMM, which can improve immune function significantly and result in no significant increase in adverse reactions.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6667
How to cite this: Zhang Y, Xu F, Xu C, Zhang Z, Jiao Z. Effect of Daratumumab combined with Chemotherapy on Immune Function in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Observation of its Clinical Efficacy. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6667
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of pain relief and limb function improvement after extracorporeal shock wave therapy and thermomagnetic therapy in the treatment of low back pain
Authors: Wu Tao , Wang Dun , Zhang Xia , Li Junmei , Yuan Bo 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To compare the rehabilitation effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and thermomagnetic therapy (TMT) in patients with low back pain (LBP).
Methods: As a single-centre retrospective observational study, clinical data of patients with LBP who received rehabilitation treatment in our hospital from January 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively collected. Based on the treatment mode, the patients were retrospectively divided into two groups: the control group (patients received core muscle training + TMT, n=51) and the observation group (patients received core muscle training + ESWT, n=56). The general data of the patients were collected and the groups were matched for age, gender and pain duration. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score of pain, improvement of limb function, β-endorphin (β-EP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.
Results: The VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at one, two weeks and one month after the treatment (P<0.05). After the treatment, the proportion of mild limb dysfunction in the observation group was 57.14% (32/56), which was higher than 35.29% (1 /51) in the control group. The proportion of patients with severe and obvious disorders was 0 and 5.36% (3/56), respectively, which was lower than 11.76% (6/51) and 5.88% (3/51) in the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, levels of NO and PGE2 in the observation group were lower, and the level of β-EP was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: A combination of core muscle training and ESWT can effectively improve the analgesic effect of the treatment and promote greater improvement of limb function in patients with LBP.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6668
How to cite this: Wu T, Wang D, Zhang X, Li J, Yuan B. Comparison of pain relief and limb function improvement after extracorporeal shock wave therapy and thermomagnetic therapy in the treatment of low back pain. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6668
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of storage duration of suspended red blood cells before intraoperative infusion on coagulation indexes, routine blood examination and immune function in patients with gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Lan Xiaofei , Chen Yan , Bi Qihua , Xu Weihong , Huang Jun 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the effect of storage duration of suspended red blood cells (SRBC) before intraoperative infusion on coagulation indexes, routine blood examination and immune function in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tumors.
Methods: We divided clinical data of one hundred patients with GI tumors who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital into two different groups according to the storage duration of SRBC use for intraoperative infusion. The short-term group (n=50) had patients with SRBC storage durations shorter than two weeks, and the long-term group (n=50) had patients with storage durations longer than two weeks. We compared the coagulation, immune function, routine blood profile, electrolyte levels and adverse reactions assessment results between the two groups.
Results: Compared with before transfusions, the levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) after blood transfusions were higher than those before transfusion (P<0.05). The levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) in the two groups after blood transfusions were also higher than those before transfusion (P<0.05). However, the levels of CD4+ decreased and those of CD8+ increased in both groups after the blood transfusions. In addition, the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the short-term group were higher than those of the long-term group (P<0.05) while the CD8+ levels were lower than that of the long-term group (P<0.05). After the blood transfusions, the potassium ion (K+) levels in the two groups increased, and those in the long-term group were higher than in the short-term group (P<0.05). The sodium ion (Na+) levels in the two groups increased after the transfusions, and the short-term group had higher levels than the long-term group (P<0.05). Finally, the incidence of adverse reactions in the short-term group (4.00%) was lower than that in the long-term group (18.00%) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Intraoperative infusion of SRBC with storage duration longer than two weeks increases the risk of perioperative adverse transfusion reactions, which implies that the storage duration of SRBC should be strictly controlled in clinical practice to reduce the risk of blood transfusion.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.7031
How to cite this: Lan X, Chen Y, Bi Q, Xu W, Huang J. Effects of storage duration of suspended red blood cells before intraoperative infusion on coagulation indexes, routine blood examination and immune function in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.7031
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
All-Fiber Thulium-Doped Mode-Locked Lasers Based on the Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror
Authors: Chernysheva M.A. , Krylov A.A. , Kryukov P.G. , Arutyunyan N.R. , Pozharov A.S. , Obraztsova E.D. , Dianov E.M. 
Published: November 2022

We report on thulium-doped all-fiber lasers based on the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror and mode-locked by both a semiconductor saturable absorber (SESAM) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). An intracavity and external dispersion management was realized with the aid of a passive germanium-silicate fiber. SESAM mode-locked laser generates as short as 230-fs pulses with maximum average output power of 106 mW, corresponding to a 3.7 kW peak power and almost 2 nJ pulse energy. In contrast to SESAM-based laser, the SWCNT mode-locked laser generates 450-fs pulses of mW-level average output power respectively.
Tumour cell suppression by spiroleucettadine through dual regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis
Authors: Watts Ben , Berry Maddie , Bland Abigail , Badart Michael , Hawkins Bill , Ashton John 
Published: November 2022

Background: Spiroleucettadine is an alkaloid originally derived from the yellow Leucetta sea sponge. Spiroleucettadine has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines and has a high anti-proliferative activity against a non-small cell lung cancer cell line (H522). The mediators of these anti-proliferative effects have not been determined. Therefore, in this study we measured changes in cell death and cell proliferation and their immediate protein mediators in response to spiroleucettadine, toward the aim of ultimately determining target(s) for spiroleucettadine in cancer cells and a more precise description of its mechanism of action. Methods: We used flow cytometry to investigate changes in the cell cycle apoptosis and Western blot to investigate associated protein changes following exposure of H522 cells to varying concentrations of spiroleucettadine. Results: We found evidence for cell cycle arrest at G2/M and associated increases in cyclin B1 expression and CDK1 phosphorylation, as well as an increase in apoptosis alongside marked increase in Bim expression, consistent with activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway Conclusions: Any targets for spiroleucettadine that may be proposed are constrained to those with mechanisms of actions that lead to G2/M arrest, induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and changes in the expression of associated proteins.
Estimating the costs associated with the implementation of a best practice model of care for recurrent miscarriage clinics in Ireland: a cost analysis
Authors: Flannery Caragh , Burke Lee-Ann , Gillespie Paddy , O'Donoghue Keelin 
Published: November 2022

Background Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects 1%-5% of the reproductive age population. Given increasing calls for dedicated recurrent miscarriage clinics (RMC), decision makers will require data on the resultant budgetary implications. The aim of this study was to identify the potential costs to the Irish healthcare system of implementing a best practice RMC model of care. Methods A ‘best practice’ RMC was developed as part of the RE:CURRENT Project. A micro-costing approach was employed by identifying, measuring, and valuing resource usage by unit costs for the RMC for ≥2 consecutive losses. Per patient costs were estimated using two care pathway scenarios: typical and complex. Per patient costs were extrapolated, using population data and published prevalence rates for RM, to estimate the total cost to the Irish health system. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. Results The cost for a RM patient who has another pregnancy after receiving investigations, treatment and reassurance scans ranges between €1,634 (typical) and €4,818 (complex). For a RM patient who does not conceive again, costs range from €1,384 (typical) to €4,318 (complex). Using population estimates for ≥2 losses, the total cost to the Irish health service ranges from €20,336,229 (complex) to €61,927,630 (typical) for those who progress to pregnancy, and from €7,789,437 (complex) to €22,480,630 (typical) for those who do not progress to another pregnancy. Together, the total cost of the proposed best practice RMC is €112,533,926 with an average cost per patient €1,871. Conclusions This study advocates for a new model of care for RMCs in Ireland and provides a set of cost estimates at the patient and healthcare system level. While future studies should explicitly consider the cost effectiveness of this or similar models of care, this analysis provides a valuable first step in providing a detailed breakdown of the associated costs and budget implications.
­Barriers faced by medical students in seeking mental healthcare: A scoping review
Authors: Berliant Maria , Rahman Nabiha , Mattice Christopher , Bhatt Chirayu , Haykal Kay-Anne 
Published: November 2022

Background: Medical students commonly exhibit mental health issues. Despite the availability of professionals on medical campuses, seeking help continues to be a challenge for some students. Our review aimed to identify the barriers medical students face when seeking professional mental healthcare. Methods: A Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search was created for articles using PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases to identify articles specifically about medical students and their barriers to professional mental healthcare. Inclusion criteria included articles in which barriers to mental healthcare were either the primary variable or one of multiple study results. No date limits were imposed. Reviews, pilot projects, or articles that did not address barriers to mental healthcare faced by medical students or focused on veterinary or dental students were excluded. A total of 454 articles were identified and screened by title/abstract and then full text. Data were extracted from 33 articles using an independent framework. Barriers identified were compiled and reported. Results: From a total of 33 articles, the most identified barriers were fear of negative effect on residency/career opportunities, fear of confidentiality breach, stigma and fear of shaming from peers, lack of perceived seriousness/normalization of symptoms, lack of time, and fear of documentation on academic record. Students also preferred to seek care outside of their institution from fear of their provider being an academic preceptor. Conclusions: Many of the barriers to mental healthcare faced by medical students relate to a fear of academic and career reprisal, and fear of confidentiality breach. It appears that despite recent efforts to decrease stigma surrounding mental illness, many medical students struggle to seek appropriate support. Access to mental healthcare can be improved by increasing transparency regarding what information will be displayed on academic records, dispelling common myths about mental healthcare, and increasing awareness about resources available for medical students.
A living mapping review for COVID-19 funded research projects: 21 month update
Authors: Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Grund Henrike , Jabin Nusrat , Jones Chantel , Kifle Meron , Khader Susan , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay Morgan , Norton Alice 
Published: November 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There has however been an ongoing need for greater coordination, with limited resources for research and the shifting global pandemic. Methods: The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15th April 2022 the database contains 16,353 projects, funded by 319 funders, taking place across 157 countries representing an investment of at least $6.2 billion. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation and GloPID-R Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus and the UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery. It is being used by the WHO, governments and further policy makers, research funders and researchers. This living mapping review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis are presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Results: In this version eight analysis we provide an updated detailed descriptive analysis of the database (on data from three months after version seven) and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, research areas in need of coordination, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries). Conclusions: As the global funding response to COVID-19 plateaus, this living mapping review helps both funders and researchers to prioritise resources to areas where there is continued unmet research need.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is the disease still dangerous?
Authors: Rogulska Karolina , Kapczuk Patrycja , Zioło Anna , Sarna Angela , Jacek Roksana , Grzeszczak Konrad 
Published: November 2022

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae. Flaviviruses are 50 nm viruses having a membrane envelope with an RNA genome. The vector of TBEV is the common tick (Ixodes ricinus) prevalent mainly in Europe. Tick-borne encephalitis is endemic in 27 countries in Europe. According to the National Institute of Hygiene, there are several hundred cases per year in Poland. Diagnosis of TBEV may be based on serological tests, molecular tests, cerebrospinal fluid examination. Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis is based on several aspects and the most important are the non-compulsory vaccinations. TBEV is a disease characterised by the risk of many complications, which can be irreversible. Fortunately, thanks to developments in vaccinology, vaccinations are available to prevent infection or reduce the severity of the disease.
Social media and the possibility of depressive states in young adults
Authors: Świdziński Rafał , Gryc Anna , Golemo Jagna , Nowińska Aleksandra , Lipiec Jakub 
Published: November 2022

Social media (SM) is now a popular place for content creation and a means of communication between young adults. Their increasing participation in our lives means that they replace us face to face contacts (FTF), which can affect our mental health. The above changes in communication habits may correlate with the occurrence of depressive states and a sense of social isolation.
The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between the use of MS and the occurrence of depressive states in young adults on the basis of selected literature. The topic of emotional support and a sense of social isolation will also be discussed. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to select the appropriate literature, and only research was used.
The cited studies on the use of MS and depression showed that people who spent the most time on social media showed an increased risk of experiencing a depressed mood. Another study analyzed the likelihood of depression depending on the method of emotional support. The comparison of emotional support in FTF (face to face) communication with the support obtained through MS showed that the possibility of depressive symptoms was lower for FTF communication and higher for the second method, respectively.
The use of social media among young adults contributes to an increased risk of depression, perceived social isolation and reduced emotional support. Moreover, it has been proven that addiction to MS positively correlates with the presence of depressive symptoms.
Adult acne a medical and psychological challenge of modern dermatology
Authors: Marzęda Madalena , Blicharz Agnieszka , Swatko Tomasz , Małek Anna 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and purpose: Acne is a dermatological condition usually associated with adolescents. Although acne occurs less frequently in adults, it can have a major impact on self-esteem and functioning in daily life. In the adult population, acne is far more common in women than in men.
Brief description of the state of knowledge: Adult acne lesions are usually localised in the U-zone, i.e. around the chin, jawline and mouth. There are several forms of adult acne, depending on the time of onset and clinical picture. Several factors are responsible for the occurrence of adult acne. The most important of these are the colonisation of the skin with the anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes, the overproduction of sebum and excessive keratinisation at the sebaceous gland mouths. In addition, chronic stress, nicotinism, sleep deprivation, obesity, as well as genetic predisposition, hormonal changes or sun exposure have a significant impact. The treatment of adult acne is difficult and long-lasting, usually combining pharmacology with cosmetological treatments. In the initial stage, it is based on topical retinoids, followed by the addition of azaleic acid, benzoyl peroxide and antibiotics.
Summary: The treatment of adult acne is a challenge for dermatologists. It is important to inform the patient about the months-long course of the disease and treatment before the beginnig of treatment. Acne is often associated with lower self-esteem and reduced self-confidence, and even depression and relationship difficulties. For this reason, a holistic approach to the patient and treatment, is extremely important. With proper patient awareness, the chances of successful treatment are much higher.
What does the future look like - home hemodialysis
Authors: Buczek Weronika , Wiśniewski Mikołaj , Oleszczuk Rafał , Kozińska Iga , Oleszczuk Anna , Grzebalska Agnieszka M. 
Published: November 2022

Home hemodialysis (HHD) is a discovery from 1961 that is now experiencing a revival. It is a convenient and modern method of renal replacement therapy that allows the patient to undergo hemodialysis sessions at home. Due to the growing interest in home hemodialysis, we decided to present the potential of this renal replacement method, show both its benefits and complications resulting from its use.
Undoubtedly, HHD has many benefits resulting mainly from the possibility of regulating the duration of the sessions and increasing their frequency. However, this method is also burdened with numerous complications. There are training courses in the use of HHD for patients who have just been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease as well as for patients undergoing dialysis using other methods. Appropriate patient selection is an important factor for the success of home therapy. There is a fierce battle in the home hemodialysis machine market. Manufacturers are outdoing each other in innovative technologies to ensure ease of use, trouble-free operation and minimize complications. The costs of home hemodialysis include more components than the dialysis treatment itself.
Home hemodialysis gives patients comfort and independence above all. This is part of nephrology that undoubtedly requires a lot of work and development, but is certainly an invention of the 21st century.
Development of hybrid organic-inorganic polyurethane films based on Castor oil using sol-gel route for photonics application
Authors: de Freitas Beatriz Damasio , Onishi Bruno Seiki Domingos , Bortoletto-Santos Ricardo , Ribeiro Sidney José Lima 
Published: November 2022

Hybrid organic-inorganic polyurethane films based on Castor Oil (CO) was made and characterized by FTIR-ATR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, showing blue luminescence.
The present work is an initial investigation of the application of the films in the photonics field.