bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on vaccine‐induced immune responses over time
Authors: Havervall Sebastian , Marking Ulrika , Greilert‐Norin Nina , Gordon Max , Ng Henry , Christ Wanda , Phillipson Mia , Nilsson Peter , Hober Sophia , Blom Kim , Klingström Jonas , Mangsbo Sara , Åberg Mikael , Thålin Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the long‐term impact of prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on immune responses after COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsUsing longitudinally collected blood samples from the COMMUNITY study, we determined binding (WHO BAU mL−1) and neutralising antibody titres against ten SARS‐CoV‐2 variants over 7 months following BNT162b2 in SARS‐CoV‐2‐recovered (n = 118) and SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve (n = 289) healthcare workers with confirmed prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. A smaller group with (n = 47) and without (n = 60) confirmed prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 was followed for 3 months. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific memory T‐cell responses were investigated in a subset of SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve and SARS‐CoV‐2‐recovered vaccinees.ResultsVaccination with both vaccine platforms resulted in substantially enhanced T‐cell responses, anti‐spike IgG responses and neutralising antibodies effective against ten SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in SARS‐CoV‐2‐recovered participants as compared to SARS‐CoV‐2‐naïve participants. The enhanced immune responses sustained over 7 months following vaccination.ConclusionThese findings imply that prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection should be taken into consideration when planning booster doses and design of current and future COVID‐19 vaccine programmes.
On the evolution of mimicry in avian nestlings
Authors: Londoño Gustavo A. , Sandoval‐H Juliana , Sallam Mohamed F. , Allen Julie M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBatesian mimicry (BM), where a nontoxic species resembles a toxic species with aposematic coloring, has been recently described for a Neotropical species of the suboscine passerine (Laniocera hypopyrra). Understanding the order and series in which these characteristics evolved is unknown and requires character information from closely related taxa. Here, we trace the origin of mimetic traits and how they evolved by examining antipredator characteristics using images and other field‐collected trait data from nest and nestlings along with data available in the literature for the Laniisominae clade and closely related taxa. We found that morphological modifications of the downy feathers appeared first in the broader clade leading to the Laniisominae clade followed by further morphological and behavioral characteristics within the Laniisominae clade leading to the full BM. Images of nestlings in the Laniisominae and closely related clades demonstrated the extent of antipredator and camouflage characteristics. We found a complex set of behavioral and morphological traits in this clade for reducing predation from hiding to camouflage to mimicry. We further propose the evolution of two distinctive mimicry strategies in the Laniisominae clade: (1) Batesian Mimicry, as described above and (2) Masquerade, resemblance to inedible objects commonly found in their local environment. This complex set of antipredator traits shed light on the diversity of antipredator characteristics in avian nestlings, particularly in neotropical areas where the avian diversity is highest. Unfortunately, there are hundreds of species in the neotropics that lack basic natural history information on nesting traits, and therefore, we are likely missing critical information on the diversity of antipredator characteristics across avian nestlings.
Seismic analysis and test facilities of deep‐water bridges considering water–structure interaction: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Li Zhong‐Xian , Zheng Qingtao , Wu Kun , Shi Yundong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeep‐water bridges are susceptible to severe damages under strong earthquakes. Water–structure interaction will considerably affect the dynamic performance of deep‐water bridges. In the past few decades, researchers have conducted extensive studies on the water–structure interaction and dynamic behavior of bridges through theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigations. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the calculation method for earthquake and wave‐induced hydrodynamic forces. The seismic responses of deep‐water bridges under individual or combined excitation of earthquake, wave, and current are discussed to explore the influence of water–structure interaction on the seismic capacity of deep‐water bridges. Finally, the development of testing facilities that can simulate the water–structure interaction is summarized. Particularly, a new multifunctional dual underwater shaking table system built‐in Tianjin University that can simulate multiple‐support excitation and water–structure interaction simultaneously is introduced in detail for the first time.
The gas diffusion electrode setup as a testing platform for evaluating fuel cell catalysts: A comparative RDE‐GDE study
Authors: Nösberger Sven , Du Jia , Quinson Jonathan , Berner Etienne , Zana Alessandro , Wiberg Gustav K.H. , Arenz Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGas diffusion electrode (GDE) setups have been recently introduced as a new experimental approach to test the performance of fuel cell catalysts under high mass transport conditions, while maintaining the simplicity of rotating disk electrode (RDE) setups. In contrast to experimental RDE protocols, for investigations using GDE setups only few systematic studies have been performed. In literature, different GDE arrangements were demonstrated, for example, with and without an incorporated proton exchange membrane. Herein, we chose a membrane‐GDE approach for a comparative RDE–GDE study, where we investigate several commercial standard Pt/C fuel cell catalysts with respect to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our results demonstrate both the challenges and the strengths of the new fuel cell catalyst testing platform. We highlight the analysis and the optimization of catalyst film parameters. That is, instead of focusing on the intrinsic catalyst ORR activities that are typically derived in RDE investigations, we focus on parameters, such as the catalyst ink recipe, which can be optimized for an individual catalyst in a much simpler manner as compared to the elaborative membrane electrode assembly (MEA) testing. In particular, it is demonstrated that ∼50% improvement in ORR performance can be reached for a particular Pt/C catalyst by changing the Nafion content in the catalyst layer. The study therefore stresses the feasibility of the GDE approach used as an intermediate “testing step” between RDE and MEA tests when developing new fuel cell catalysts.
Genetic characterization and quantitative trait relationship using multivariate techniques reveal diversity among tomato germplasms
Authors: Ene Chikezie Onuora , Abtew Wosene Gebreselassie , Oselebe Happiness Ogba , Ozi Friday Ugadu , Ikeogu Ugochukwu Nathaniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTomato accessions collected from different sources were evaluated to study their diversity, genotype–traits association, as well as pinpoint most selective trait(s) in a controlled environment in Jimma, Ethiopia. The two terms pot experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotype–trait (GT) biplot revealed high percentage variability above 70% in related growth traits for the first and second principal components (PC) summed up, in the two trials, whereas related floral and fruit traits association indicated medium to high (55%–65%) total explained variations in both seasons. It further showed that ‘wild parent’, ‘CLN2498D’, ‘CLN2498F’, ‘UC Dan India’, ‘Ruma’, ‘PT4722A’, ‘CLN2679F’, ‘CLN2585C’ and ‘CLN2585D’ were the best performers in most of the related growth, floral, and fruit traits in those seasons. Principal component analysis showed that traits, such as plant height, number of branches, leaves, nodes, internodes, stem girth, style length, stigma length and diameter, flower length and width, number of flowers per truss, number of fruits per truss, and fruit weight per plant, in the first dimension were positively related to yield and consistent with high loading factors in both seasons and could be underpinned highly important in breeding for increased fruit yield. Clustering and its comparison of means showed that ‘CLN2498D’, ‘PT4722A’, ‘Ruma’, ‘Tropimech’, and ‘UC Dan India’ of cluster I in both trials expressed the best traits including related growth, floral, and fruit traits. Therefore, selection for any trait would favor accessions in this cluster.
Optimal cut‐off points of fat mass index and visceral adiposity index associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bagheri Amir , Khosravy Tina , Moradinazar Mehdi , Nachvak Seyed Mostafa , Pasdar Yahya , Soleimani Davood , Samadi Mehnoosh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndices, based on anthropometrics with or without non‐anthropometric components, are predictive of cardio‐metabolic outcomes. Fat mass index (FMI) is similar to BMI except measured fat mass replaces body weight. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) combines anthropometric measures with lipid measurements TG/HDL. The relationship of these indices to incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has not been established. Therefore, we have evaluated the predictive power and optimal cut‐off points of FMI, and VAI with T2DM in a cross‐sectional population study.MethodsThese population‐based cross‐sectional study comprised 8411 adults aged 35–65 years using data from the Ravansar Non‐Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort. VAI and FMI were defined as previously published. Optimal cut‐off points for association with incident T2DM were determined from receiver‐operating curves (ROC).ResultsThe optimal cut‐off point for VAI was 4.86 (AUC: 0.673; 95% CI: 0.65–0.69) and FMI 9.3 (AUC: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.55–0.59), and for T2DM in our study population. The odds ratios (OR) for T2DM were nearly identical, for VAI 1.098 (95% CI: 1.08–1.11) and for FMI 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–1.10).ConclusionsIn the current population study, VAI and FMI were weakly associated with T2DM. Therefore, it seems that anthropometric measures are unlikely to be strong mediators of T2DM compared to historical and other factors in the population studied.
Intelligent detection and applied research on diabetic retinopathy based on the residual attention network
Authors: Yu Moye , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a high‐accuracy (ACC) algorithm to automatically detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) in retinal fundus images. Three DR datasets were obtained for use in this study: EyePACS, Messidor, and IDRid. In the EyePACS dataset, two DR classifications and five classifications experiments were conducted. The Messidor and IDRid dataset were graded DR and DME. After preprocessing, enhancement, and normalizing, common convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used to obtain the classification results. Afterward, an optimization method residual attention network (RAN) was introduced that was based on the residual attention module, and incorporated dilated convolution, so as to optimize the experimental results. The focal loss was then added to solve the imbalance problem. Next, a five‐fold cross‐validation strategy was introduced so as to assess and optimize the proposed model, after which the prediction ACC, sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operating curve, and Kappa score were assessed. The proposed method RAN was shown to achieve 89.2% ACC (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8782–0.9123) for two DR classifications (normal and abnormal) on the EyePACS dataset, 89.8% ACC (95% CI, 0.8751–0.9275) for two DR classifications on the Messidor dataset. The IDRid dataset achieved an ACC of 71.5% (95% CI, 0.6941–0.7423) for the two DR classifications. RAN mainly improves the results of commonly used CNN methods on the same dataset. Therefore, the classification and diagnosis of DR may be improved by adopting the proposed method.
Rapid progression of myelofibrosis in polycythemia vera patient carrying SRSF2 c.284C>A p.(Pro95His) and unique ASXL1 splice site c.1720‐2A>G variant
Authors: Kanduła Zuzanna , Kroll‐Balcerzak Renata , Lewandowski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis in polycythemia vera (PV) is comparatively favorable, but individual myelofibrosis/leukemic progression risk is heterogeneous. About a quarter of patients progress to the fibrotic phase after 20 years.MethodsMultiplex PCR, allele‐specific qPCR, high‐resolution melt analysis, and Sanger sequencing were used to detect BCR‐ABL, JAK2, ASXL1, SRSF2, U2AF1, and IDH1/2 variants.ResultsHerein, we present a PV patient with rapid progression to secondary myelofibrosis probably due to the coexistence of homozygous JAK2 V617F mutation, SRSF2 c.284C>A p.(Pro95His) and splice site variant of ASXL1 c.1720‐2A>G. The detected ASXL1 variant was first described in Bohring–Opitz syndrome and has not been reported in hematological malignancies so far. In the presented case, the ASXL1 VAF was stable (50%) during the 4‐year follow‐up, despite an evident increase in the JAK2 V617F VAF. Family history revealed cerebral palsy in the patient's grandson; however, germline character of the ASXL1 variant was excluded.ConclusionThe biological consequences of the variant acquisition by hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) seem to be similar to other mutations of ASXL1 responsible for the truncation of ASXL1 protein, formation of hyperactive ASXL1–BAP1 (BRCA1‐associated protein‐1) complexes, and finally, the promotion of aberrant myeloid differentiation of HSC. Our report supports the hypothesis that ASXL1 alteration cooperates with JAK2 V617F leading to biased lineage skewing, favoring erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation, accelerating the progression of PV to the fibrotic phase.
Mutation patterns and prognostic analysis of BRAF/KRAS/PIK3CA in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Chengfeng , Pan Diling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveAberrant gene expression and abnormal signaling pathways often occur in patients with colorectal cancer, in which mutations in B‐Raf Proto‐Oncogene (BRAF), KRAS Proto‐Oncogene (KRAS), and Phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐Bisphosphate 3‐Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha (PIK3CA) are quite common. In this study, the relationship between BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutations and clinicopathologic features and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients was investigated.MethodsOne hundred and fifty patients with colorectal cancer admitted to Affiliated people's Hospital (Fujian Provincial People's Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected and grouped according to the mutation patterns of BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA. The association between BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutations and pathological factors (age, sex, etc.) was analyzed using the Chi‐square test. Subsequently, survival analysis was performed to screen the impact factors of overall survival time by Kaplan–Meier (K‐M) curve, and Cox regression model was established for the selected factors.ResultsBRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA mutations were not associated with age, sex, and alcoholism. K–M curve and log‐rank test results demonstrated that among the factors included in this study, overall survival rate of colorectal cancer patients was only associated with mutation factors. The prognosis of KRAS+/PIK3CA−/BRAF−mutant and KRAS−/PIK3CA−/BRAF+mutant patients was better than that of KRAS+/PIK3CA+/BRAF−mutant patients.ConclusionThe mutant patterns of BRAF, KRAS, and PIK3CA were not related to the general and clinicopathological features of patients. The mutant pattern could be used as an independent prognostic factor for colorectal cancer.
Deficit irrigation impacts on greenhouse gas emissions under drip‐fertigated maize in the Great Plains of Colorado
Authors: Flynn Nora E. , Stewart Catherine E. , Comas Louise H. , Del Grosso Stephen J. , Schnarr Cassandra , Schipanski Meagan , von Fischer Joseph C. , Stuchiner Emily R. , Fonte Steven J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrecise water and fertilizer application can increase crop water productivity and reduce agricultural contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Regulated deficit irrigation (DI) and drip fertigation control the amount, location, and timing of water and nutrient application. Yet, few studies have measured GHG emissions under these practices, especially for maize (Zea mays L.). The objective was to quantify N2O and CO2 emission from DI and full irrigation (FI) within a drip‐fertigated maize system in northeastern Colorado. During two growing seasons of measurement, treatments consisted of mild, moderate, and extreme DI and FI. Deficit irrigation was managed based on growth stage so that full evapotranspiration (ET) was met during the yield‐sensitive reproductive stage, but less than full crop ET was applied during the late vegetative and maturation growth stages. In the first year, mild DI (90% ET) reduced N2O emissions by 50% compared with FI. In the second year, compared with FI, moderate DI (69–80% ET) reduced N2O emissions by 15%, and extreme DI (54–68% ET) reduced N2O emissions by 40%. Only extreme DI in the second year significantly reduced CO2 emissions (by 30%) compared with FI. Mild DI reduced yield‐scaled emissions in the first year, but moderate and extreme DI had similar yield‐scaled emissions as FI in the second year. The surface drip fertigation resulted in total GHG emissions that were one‐tenth of literature‐based measurements from sprinkler‐irrigated maize systems. This study illustrates the potential of DI and drip fertigation to reduce N2O and CO2 emissions in irrigated cropping systems.
Timing of operation in children with a prenatal diagnosis of choledochal cyst: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Guan Xisi , Li Junting , Wang Zhe , Zeng Jixiao , Zhong Wei , Yu Jiakang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThere is currently no consensus on the timing of operative correction for patients with a prenatal diagnosis of choledochal cyst (CDC). This study aims to retrospectively analyze patients with prenatally diagnosed CDCs to identify the optimal timing of operative correction and the importance of cyst size as a predictor of the appearance of symptoms related to the CDC.MethodsWe reviewed 125 patients with a prenatal diagnosis of CDC who were admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center from July 2015 to July 2020. After dividing the patients into a symptomatic group (n = 37) and an asymptomatic group (n = 88), according to whether they had any clinical symptoms at the time of their operation, we compared their clinical data and postoperative outcomes. The asymptomatic group was divided into a <1 month group; a ≥1 month and <4 months group; and a ≥4 months group according to their postnatal age at operation; postoperative complications of the three groups were then compared. We were also interested in the effect of cyst size (width and length) for predicting the development of symptoms related to the CDC.ResultsThe time of onset of symptoms after birth was mainly concentrated in the first 3 months (48.6%). The median width and length of cysts measured by preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the symptomatic group were greater than those in the asymptomatic group (43 mm vs 28 mm and 71 mm vs 45 mm, respectively; P < .05). The serum levels of the liver‐related enzymes ALT, AST, and GGT, and the serum level of DBIL, were greater in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (P < .05). The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and duration of postoperative hospital stay in the symptomatic group were greater than those in the asymptomatic group (P < .05). In the asymptomatic group, there were no statistically significant differences in the surgical data and postoperative complications between the <1 month group, the ≥1 month and <4 months group, and the ≥4 months group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the length of the cyst in predicting symptoms was 0.747, the best cut‐off point was 5.2 cm, and the sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 70%, respectively. The AUROC of the width of the cyst was 0.704, the best cut‐off point was 4.1 cm, and the sensitivity and specificity were 68% and 75%, respectively.ConclusionWe maintain that it is advantageous to receive surgical treatment in the asymptomatic period for patients with a prenatally diagnosed CDC. A cyst size of length >5.2 cm and width >4.1 cm suggested that clinical symptoms might appear, and that surgery should be carried out as soon as possible, even in the neonatal period.
Contrasting controls on seasonal and spatial distribution of marine cable bacteria (Candidatus Electrothrix) and Beggiatoaceae in seasonally hypoxic Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Malkin Sairah Y. , Liau Pinky , Kim Carol , Hantsoo Kalev G. , Gomes Maya L. , Song Bongkeun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMarine cable bacteria (Candidatus Electrothrix) and large colorless sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Beggiatoaceae) are widespread thiotrophs in coastal environments but may exert different influences on biogeochemical cycling. Yet, the factors governing their niche partitioning remain poorly understood. To map their distribution and evaluate their growth constraints in a natural setting, we examined surface sediments across seasons at two sites with contrasting levels of seasonal oxygen depletion in Chesapeake Bay using microscopy coupled with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and biogeochemical characterization. We found that cable bacteria, dominated by a single phylotype closely affiliated to Candidatus Electrothrix communis, flourished during winter and spring at a central channel site which experiences summer anoxia. Here, cable bacteria density was positively correlated with surface sediment chlorophyll, a proxy of phytodetritus sedimentation. Cable bacteria were also present with a lower areal density at an adjacent shoal site which supports bioturbating macrofauna. Beggiatoaceae were more abundant at this site, where their biomass was positively correlated with sediment respiration, but additionally potentially inhibited by sulfide accumulation which was evident during one summer. A springtime phytodetritus sedimentation event was associated with a proliferation of Beggiatoaceae and multiple Candidatus Electrothrix phylotypes, with cable bacteria reaching 1000 m length cm−2. These observations indicate the potential impact of a spring bloom in driving a hot moment of cryptic sulfur cycling. Our results suggest complex interactions between benthic thiotroph populations, with bioturbation and seasonal oscillations in bottom water dissolved oxygen, sediment sulfide, and organic matter influx as important drivers of their distribution.
Synergistic Effects of Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical Properties of Polyimide Composite Films Reinforced with WO3 Nanorods
Authors: Niu Yongan , Shi Zenghui , Pei Yingjin , Shi Zihang , Cao Xianqi , Feng Jianming , Zhang Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, WO3 nanorods are directly blended with polyamic acid (PAA) solutions to improve the electrochromic capacity of WO3/PAA composite films. Specifically, the hexagonal WO3 nanorods are prepared as inorganic reinforcements using a hydrothermal method and modified by γ‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane. After curing at 300 °C, the WO3 nanorods/polyimide (PI) composite films demonstrate excellent mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength of the 1 wt% WO3/PI composite film is ≈110.27 MPa. The thermal stability of the 5 wt% WO3/PI composite film is better than that of the others, and the T5 (5% thermal weight loss temperature) value is ≈560.05 °C. Moreover, the WO3/PAA composite films demonstrate electrochromic behaviors. The electrochromic range of the 5 wt% WO3/PAA composite film exceeds to 68%. For the WO3/PAA samples, the oxidation peak of the WO3 nanorods is evident in the cyclic voltammetry curves. The color contrast of WO3/PI nanocomposites can be enhanced owing to the significant synergistic effects of the electron donor–acceptor system.