bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of entrepreneurship on the socio‐economic development of regions
Authors: Zhakupov Yerlan K. , Berzhanova Aigul M. , Mukhanova Gaini K. , Baimbetova Assel B. , Mamutova Katira K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relevance of the present article is explained by the need for a detailed study of the influence of medium and small business representatives on the economic indicators of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this regard, this study is aimed at identifying or covering the development of entrepreneurship theory and establishing methodological approaches that allow assessing the impact of entrepreneurship on the socio‐economic development of regions. The leading method for the researched subject is a systems analysis, which allows comprehensively considering the regional economy as a complex multi‐component structure, performing in unstable global conditions. In addition, the following methods were used: logical analysis, comparative, economic, synthesis and deduction, classification, and mathematical statistics. The research results are presented in the format of figures and tables showing the contribution and influence of small and medium businesses on the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan; in the course of the study, the authors covered the components that influence the successful development of the entrepreneurship macro‐environment; identified the factors that influence the socio‐economic development of the region. The study materials are of practical value for economists, teachers, and students in the field of economics, representatives of small and medium businesses.
A novel platform using homobifunctional hydrazide for enrichment and isolation of urinary circulating RNAs
Authors: Koo Bonhan , Kim Yunlim , Jang Yoon Ok , Liu Huifang , Kim Myoung Gyu , Lee Hyo Joo , Woo Myung Kyun , Kim Choung‐Soo , Shin Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChanges in specific circulating RNA (circRNA) expressions can serve as diagnostic noninvasive biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa). However, there are still unmet needs, such as unclear types and roles of circRNAs, PCa detection in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by unstandardized methods, and limitations of sample volume capacity and low circRNA concentrations. This study reports a simple and rapid circRNA enrichment and isolation technique named “HAZIS‐CirR” for the analysis of urinary circRNAs. The method utilizes homobifunctional hydrazides with amine‐modified zeolite and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) syringe filtration for combining electrostatic and covalent coupling and size‐based filtration, and it offers instrument‐free isolation of circRNAs in 20 min without volume limitation, thermoregulation, and lysis. HAZIS‐CirR has high capture efficiency (82.03%–92.38%) and a 10‐fold more sensitive detection limit (20 fM) than before enrichment (200 fM). The clinical utility of HAZIS‐CirR is confirmed by analyzing circulating mRNAs and circulating miRNAs in 89 urine samples. Furthermore, three miRNA panels that differentiate PCa from BPH and control, PCa from control, and BPH from control, respectively, are established by comparing miRNA levels. HAZIS‐CirR will be used as an optimal and established method for the enrichment and isolation of circRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in human cancers.
Epi‐immunotherapy for cancers: rationales of epi‐drugs in combination with immunotherapy and advances in clinical trials
Authors: Xu Yang , Li Ping , Liu Yang , Xin Dijia , Lei Wen , Liang Aibin , Han Weidong , Qian Wenbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, several epi‐drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapies have received clinical approval for use in certain types of cancer. However, monotherapy with epi‐drugs or ICIs has shown limited efficacy in most cancer patients. Epigenetic agents have been shown to regulate the crosstalk between the tumor and host immunity to alleviate immune evasion, suggesting that epi‐drugs can potentially synergize with immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the rationales of incorporating epigenetic therapy into immunotherapy, called epi‐immunotherapy, and focus on an update of current clinical trials in both hematological and solid malignancies. Furthermore, we outline the future challenges and strategies in the field of cancer epi‐immunotherapy.
Evaluating students' perception of Scrum through a learning game
Authors: Rodriguez Guillermo , Vidal Santiago , Marcos Claudia , Martínez Saucedo Ana C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGames for learning help students and professionals to incorporate new knowledge through a playful experience. With the popularization of virtual education (partially due to COVID‐19), there is a need for new tools that complement virtual educational environments. To deal with this need, we present Scrum Game, a mobile application game that aims to support the Scrum software methodology teaching and training. Scrum Game offers 42 activities grouped in levels with specific learning goals. This paper reports on a controlled experiment that evaluates Scrum Game in a course with more than 160 students. We assessed Scrum Game's effectiveness in terms of (i) user performance (i.e., students' marks and number of levels/activities completed) and (ii) user experience (i.e., usability). We found that students who used Scrum Game outperformed those who did not use it. We also found that students think that Scrum Game exhibits an enjoyable user experience.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of cancer patients withCOVID‐19: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhou Jiandong , Lakhani Ishan , Chou Oscar , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Lee Teddy Tai Loy , Wong Michelle Vangi , Li Zhen , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Chang Carlin , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Zhang Qingpeng , Tse Gary , Cheung Bernard Man Yung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionCancer patients may be susceptible to poorer outcomes in COVID‐19 infection owing to the immunosuppressant effect of chemotherapy/radiotherapy and cancer growth, along with the potential for nosocomial transmission due to frequent hospital admissions.MethodsThis was a population‐based retrospective cohort study of COVID‐19 patients who presented to Hong Kong public hospitals between 1 January 2020 and 8 December 2020. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of requirement for intubation, ICU admission and 30‐day mortality.ResultsThe following study consisted of 6089 COVID‐19 patients (median age 45.9 [27.8.1–62.7] years; 50% male), of which 142 were cancer subjects. COVID‐19 cancer patients were older at baseline and tended to present with a higher frequency of comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation and gastrointestinal bleeding (p < 0.05). These subjects also likewise tended to present with higher serum levels of inflammatory markers, including D‐dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, high sensitivity troponin‐I and C‐reactive protein. Multivariate Cox regression showed that any type of cancer presented with an almost four‐fold increased risk of the primary outcome (HR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.63–8.72;p < 0.002) after adjusting for significant demographics, Charlson comorbidity index, number of comorbidities, past comorbidities and medication history. This association remained significant when assessing those with colorectal (HR: 5.07; 95% CI: 1.50–17.17;p < 0.009) and gastrointestinal malignancies (HR: 3.79; 95% CI: 1.12–12.88;p < 0.03), but not with lung, genitourinary, or breast malignancies, relative to their respective cancer‐free COVID‐19 counterparts.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 cancer patients are associated with a significantly higher risk of intubation, ICU admission and/or mortality.
Application of exosomes for the alleviation of COVID‐19‐related pathologies
Authors: Rezabakhsh Aysa , Mahdipour Mahdi , Nourazarian Alireza , Habibollahi Paria , Sokullu Emel , Avci Çigir Biray , Rahbarghazi Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pandemic of COVID‐19 caused worldwide concern. Due to the lack of appropriate medications and the inefficiency of commercially available vaccines, lots of efforts are being made to develop de novo therapeutic modalities. Besides this, the possibility of several genetic mutations in the viral genome has led to the generation of resistant strains such as Omicron against neutralizing antibodies and vaccines, leading to worsening public health status. Exosomes (Exo), nanosized vesicles, possess several therapeutic properties that participate in intercellular communication. The discovery and application of Exo in regenerative medicine have paved the way for the alleviation of several pathologies. These nanosized particles act as natural bioshuttles and transfer several biomolecules and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. To date, several approaches are available for the administration of Exo into the targeted site inside the body, although the establishment of standard administration routes remains unclear. As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 primarily affects the respiratory system, we here tried to highlight the transplantation of Exo in the alleviation of COVID‐19 pathologies.
One‐Step Preparation of Cell‐Free ATP Regeneration Module Based on Non‐Oxidative Glycolysis Using Thermophilic Enzymes
Authors: Suryatin Alim Gladwin , Okano Kenji , Honda Kohsuke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an essential cofactor for energy‐dependent enzymatic reactions that occur duringin vitrobiochemical conversion. Recently, an enzyme cascade based on non‐oxidative glycolysis, which uses starch and orthophosphate as energy and phosphate sources, respectively, for the regeneration of ATP from adenosine diphosphate, has been developed (Wei et al.,ChemCatChem2018,10, 5597–5601). However, the 12 enzymes required for this system hampered its practical usability and further testing potential. Here, we addressed this issue by constructing co‐expression vectors for the simultaneous gene expression of the 12 enzymes in a single expression strain. All enzymes were sourced from (hyper)thermophiles, which enabled a one‐step purification via a heat‐treatment process. We showed that the combination of the two enabled the ATP regeneration system to function in a single recombinantEscherichia colistrain. Additionally, this work provides a strategy to rationally design and control proteins expression levels in the co‐expression vectors.
Conjugation of a Toll‐Like Receptor Agonist to Glycans of an HIV Native‐Like Envelope Trimer Preserves Neutralization Epitopes
Authors: Li Zeshi , Derking Ronald , Lee Wen‐Hsin , Bosman Gerlof P. , Ward Andrew B. , Sanders Rogier W. , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSmall molecule adjuvants are attractive for enhancing broad protection and durability of immune responses elicited by subunit vaccines. Covalent attachment of an adjuvant to an immunogen is particularly attractive because it simultaneously delivers both entities to antigen presenting cells resulting in more efficient immune activation. There is, however, a lack of methods to conjugate small molecule immune potentiators to viral glycoprotein immunogens without compromising epitope integrity. We describe herein a one‐step enzymatic conjugation approach for the covalent attachment of small molecule adjuvants to N‐linked glycans of viral glycoproteins. It involves the attachment of an immune potentiator to CMP‐Neu5AcN3 by Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐cycloaddition followed by sialyltransferase‐mediated transfer to N‐glycans of a viral glycoprotein. The method was employed to modify a native‐like HIV envelope trimer with a Toll‐like receptor 7/8 agonist. The modification did not compromise Env‐trimer recognition by several broadly neutralization antibodies. Electron microscopy confirmed structural integrity of the modified immunogen.
Enhancing Cellulose‐Based Separator with Polyethyleneimine and Polyvinylidene Fluoride‐Hexafluoropropylene Interpenetrated 3D Network for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yao Xin , Song Xiaohui , Zhang Fan , Ma Jian , Jiang Hao , Wang Lulu , Liu Yongchao , Huixiang Ang Edison , Xiang Hongfa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAside from the electrolyte, a separator is another important component in lithium‐based batteries that has a direct impact on the safety feature and electrochemical performances. To overcome the thermal shrinkage and poor electrolyte affinity of commonly used polyolefin separators, cellulose‐based separators are appealing due to their abundant polar functional groups, thermal stability, and environmental friendliness, especially for large‐sized and high‐energy‐density batteries. Herein, a porous three‐dimensional (3D) network of polymer cellulose‐based separator (denoted as PIC) modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) was prepared using a non‐solvent induced phase separation approach. The lithium metal batteries consisting of a PIC separator can deliver a specific capacity of up to 114 mAh g−1 even at a high C‐rate of 8 C (1.36 A g−1) after 300 cycles. Such superior performances of the lithium metal batteries can be attributed to the good wetting ability (390 % electrolyte absorption) and high ionic conductivity (0.754 mS cm−1) of the as‐prepared PIC separator. More importantly, the introduction of polyethyleneimine as a cross‐linking agent significantly improves the mechanical strength of the separator, promotes the uniform deposition of lithium, and compatibility with high voltage (4.4 V) cathode materials LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2. This work demonstrates a new strategy for the separator design for high‐performance lithium metal battery applications.
The Use of Bridging Ligand Substituents to Bias the Population of Localized and Delocalized Mixed‐Valence Conformers in Solution
Authors: Safari Parvin , Gückel Simon , Gluyas Josef B. G. , Moggach Stephen A. , Kaupp Martin , Low Paul J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe electronic structure and associated spectroscopic properties of ligand‐bridged, bimetallic ‘mixed‐valence’ complexes of the general form {M}(μ‐B){M+} are dictated by the electronic couplings, and hence orbital overlaps, between the metal centers mediated by the bridge. In the case of complexes such as [{Cp*(dppe)Ru}(μ‐C≡CC6H4C≡C){Ru(dppe)Cp*}]+, the low barrier to rotation of the half‐sandwich metal fragments and the arylene bridge around the acetylene moieties results in population of many energy minima across the conformational energy landscape. Since orbital overlap is also sensitive to the particular mutual orientations of the metal fragment(s) and arylene bridge through a Karplus‐like relationship, the different members of the population range exemplify electronic structures ranging from strongly localized (weakly coupled Robin‐Day Class II) to completely delocalized (Robin‐Day Class III). Here, we use electronic structure calculations with the hybrid density functional BLYP35‐D3 and a continuum solvent model in combination with UV‐vis‐NIR and IR spectroelectrochemical studies to show that the conformational population in complexes [{Cp*(dppe)Ru}(μ‐C≡CArC≡C){Ru(dppe)Cp*]+, and hence the dominant electronic structure, can be biased through the steric and electronic properties of the diethynylarylene (Ar) moiety (Ar=1,4‐C6H4, 1,4‐C6F4, 1,4‐C6H2‐2,5‐Me2, 1,4‐C6H2‐2,5‐(CF3)2, 1,4‐C6H2‐2,5‐iPr2).
Radical/Iminium Domino Strategy (RIDS) for Rapid Construction of Sterically Congested γ‐Lactam‐Based Multiheterocycles
Authors: Ishida Yuto , Nishikata Takashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCu‐Catalyzed radical/iminium domino strategy (RIDS) for the efficient synthesis of quaternary‐carbon‐containing γ‐lactam‐based multiheterocyclic structures from α‐bromocarboxamides is reported. This domino reaction strategy enables the construction of multiheterocycles in one step. Mechanistic studies showed that two catalytically generated iminiums are likely to be key intermediates in the catalytic cycle. The developed method can be used in a chemoselective manner to produce multicyclic products in the reaction with ketones possessing two different carbonyls.
Electron‐Rich EDOT Linkers in Tetracationic bis‐Triarylborane Chromophores: Influence on Water Stability, Biomacromolecule Sensing, and Photoinduced Cytotoxicity
Authors: Ferger Matthias , Roger Chantal , Köster Eva , Rauch Florian , Lorenzen Sabine , Krummenacher Ivo , Friedrich Alexandra , Košćak Marta , Nestić Davor , Braunschweig Holger , Lambert Christoph , Piantanida Ivo , Marder Todd B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThree novel tetracationic bis‐triarylboranes with 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) linkers, and their neutral precursors, showed significant red‐shifted absorption and emission compared to their thiophene‐containing analogues, with one of the EDOT‐derivatives emitting in the NIR region. Only the EDOT‐linked trixylylborane tetracation was stable in aqueous solution, indicating that direct attachment of a thiophene or even 3‐methylthiophene to the boron atom is insufficient to provide hydrolytic stability in aqueous solution. Further comparative analysis of the EDOT‐linked trixylylborane tetracation and its bis‐thiophene analogue revealed efficient photo‐induced singlet oxygen production, with the consequent biological implications. Thus, both analogues bind strongly to ds‐DNA and BSA, very efficiently enter living human cells, accumulate in several different cytoplasmic organelles with no toxic effect but, under intense visible light irradiation, they exhibit almost instantaneous and very strong cytotoxic effects, presumably attributed to singlet oxygen production. Thus, both compounds are intriguing theranostic agents, whose intracellular and probably intra‐tissue location can be monitored by strong fluorescence, allowing switching on of the strong bioactivity by well‐focused visible light.
The implications of 3D‐printed membranes for water and wastewater treatment and resource recovery
Authors: Aghaei Amir , Firouzjaei Mostafa Dadashi , Karami Pooria , Aktij Sadegh Aghapour , Elliott Mark , Mansourpanah Yaghoub , Rahimpour Ahmad , B. P. Soares João , Sadrzadeh Mohtada 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that three‐dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing will revolutionize many industries. However, the broad implications of 3D printing on water treatment membranes are not appreciated. 3D printing will transform the traditional membrane fabrication methods, reducing costs and industrial waste from manufacturing processes, with substantial benefits to treatment performance. In particular, 3D printing provides a high potential for radical decentralization. Remote communities, hospitality resorts, military bases, and oil and gas extraction operations could significantly benefit from the on‐site fabrication of membrane units tunable to their specific wastewater challenges. Acute drinking water contamination events, like those associated with toxic by‐products from algal blooms, chemical spills, forest fires, and extreme weather, cause adverse health effects on humans and shutdowns of piped water supply. 3D printing of customized membranes provides an opportunity for a fast response to such disastrous events. These membranes could be ready for installation within hours, with the vendor's role more akin to a software company installing a patch than the traditional approach, with major considerations for hardware availability, timeline, and supply chain. Despite these clear and potentially transformative advantages, 3D printing of membranes is not a panacea; countless aspects need to be taken into consideration for the successful implementation of this emerging technology. The full deployment of 3D‐printed membranes in water and wastewater treatment can be achieved by extending the variety of printable materials, improving the speed and resolution of printing, creating nanoscale pores, reducing the fabrication costs, and improving the mechanical properties of the resulting membranes.
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Crystallization and Defect Passivation for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Hu Ping , Huang Shiqi , Guo Minghuang , Li Yafeng , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerovskite materials have demonstrated many excellent properties in next‐generation photovoltaic devices, but the intrinsic defects and the quality of perovskite film still limit the performance and stability of PSCs. Here, 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium iodide (DMII) ionic liquid was employed as an additive to passivate the various defects and produce the high‐quality perovskite film with enlarged grain sizes. DMII could act as an “ionic stabilizer” for passivating the point defects including the vacancies defects of organic cations and halogen anions of perovskite. At the same time, the extra problematic PbI2 on surfaces and at grain boundaries of the perovskite film could also be reacted by DMII, leading to the reduction of recombination centers and trap states. On the other hand, the DMII ionic liquid with a “Ostwald ripening effect” could retard the crystallization process of perovskite crystals and yield better film quality with higher crystallinity, smoother morphology and larger grains. As a result, the optimal device achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.4 %. Particularly, the modified devices demonstrated a significant elevation in open‐circuit voltage from 1.03 to 1.10 V. The hydrophobicity of perovskite films modified by DMII was enhanced and the un‐encapsulated DMII devices retained 91 % of their initial PCE after aging 60 days under 15±5 % relative humidity.
Hammett Correlation in Competing Fragmentations of Ionized 2‐Substituted Benzanilides Generated by Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Fenwick Nathan W. , Telford Richard , Martin William H. C. , Bowen Richard D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA good Hammett correlation has been found between the two principal fragmentations of four series of radical‐cations generated by electron ionization of 2‐substituted benzanilides of general structure XC6H4NHCOC6H4Y [X=CH3O, Cl, Br or I; Y=H, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, OCH3, CF3or NO2in the 3 or 4 position]. When X is electron‐donating, with a negative substituent constant, σ, simple cleavage of these ionic species to form a substituted benzoyl cation, [YC6H4CO]+, is favoured. In contrast, when Y is electron withdrawing, with a positive σ constant, rearrangement leading to elimination of X⋅ by a proximity effect to form a protonated 2‐arylbenzoxazole competes more effectively. Reproducible trends are observed in the derived reaction constant, ρ, which declines on progressing from X=CH3O through Cl and Br to I. These trends establish that the mechanism of the proximity effect involves donation of electron density from the C6H4Y ring and is not materially altered by varying X.