bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal of hydrogen in the retina – a three-layer model
Authors: Mansoor Wafaa , Hocking Graeme Charles , Farrow Duncan 
Published: June 2022

Two simple mathematical models of advection and diffusion of hydrogen within the retina are discussed. The work is motivated by the hydrogen clearance technique, which is used to estimate blood flow in the retina. The first model assumes that the retina consists of three, well-mixed layers with different thickness, and the second is a two-dimensional model consisting of three regions that represent the layers in the retina. Diffusion between the layers and leakage through the outer edges are considered. Solutions to the governing equations are obtained by employing Fourier series and finite difference methods for the two models, respectively. The effect of important parameters on the hydrogen concentration is examined and discussed. The results contribute to understanding the dispersal of hydrogen in the retina and in particular the effect of flow in the vascular retina. It is shown that the predominant features of the process are captured by the simpler model.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446181122000050
Explicit Nordsieck second derivative general linear methods for ODEs
Authors: Ramazani Paria , Abdi Ali , Hojjati Gholamreza , Moradi Afsaneh 
Published: June 2022

The paper deals with the construction of explicit Nordsieck second derivative general linear methods with \(s\) stages of order \(p\) with \(p=s\) and high stage order \(q=p\) with inherent Runge–Kutta or quadratic stability properties. Satisfying the order and stage order conditions together with inherent stability conditions leads to methods with some free parameters, which will be used to obtain methods with a large region of absolute stability. Examples of methods with \(r\) external stages and \(p=q=s=r-1\) up to order five are given, and numerical experiments in a fixed stepsize environment are presented.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1446181122000049
INCORPORACIÓN DE HARINA DE CHOCHO (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) EN DIETA PARA TILAPIA ROJA (Oreochromis sp)
Authors: Diaz Erazo Diana Yaqueline , Guerrero Romero Camilo Lenin , Imúes Figueroa Marco Antonio , Gómez Barco Angela María , Narváez Mora Edy Santiago 
Published: June 2022

En acuicultura, el alimento balanceado representa entre el 50% y 70% de los costos de producción, por lo tanto, es importante que este insumo sea lo más eficiente posible en términos nutricionales y que además se suministre de manera óptima a los organismos de cultivo. Los alimentos balanceados son elaborados con diversas materias primas que determinan en gran medida el precio final. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes niveles de harina de chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) adicionada en diferentes porcentajes 10, 20 y 30% a la dieta en tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp). La investigación se ejecutó durante 50 días en el laboratorio de nutrición y alimentación de la Universidad de Nariño, se utilizó un sistema de recirculación conformado por 12 acuarios con una capacidad de 25 litros. Se sembraron 15 ejemplares de tilapia roja con un peso promedio de 3,45 gramos (g), alimentando al 5% de la biomasa. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos, cada uno con tres replicas utilizando la harina de chocho, el (T0) sin adición, (T1) con el 10%, (T2) con el 20% y (T3) con el 30%. Durante el estudio se evaluó las variables de peso, talla, factor de conversión alimenticia, y parámetros físico-químicos como el pH, oxígeno disuelto y temperatura. (T1) fue el que presento mayor crecimiento (11,1), respecto a los demás (T2), 4,93, (T3) 5,62 y (T4) 5,57. La incorporación de nuevas materias primas en la alimentación y nutrición de las especies acuícolas, son una apertura para encontrar y satisfacer los requerimientos nutricionales de los peces y como una posible fuente de investigación que dará lugar para reemplazar algunas de las materias primas que generan altos costos de producción.
Reducing the prevalence of antecubital fossa peripheral intravenous cannulation
Authors: Ruegg Leanne , Faucett Mark , Clawson Andrew , Subedi Shradha 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Observational studies have found that placement of peripheral intravenous cannulas (PIVCs) in the antecubital fossa (ACF) is associated with increased risks of infection, including healthcare-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (HA-SAB). Avoiding placement of the PIVC in the ACF area along with other preventive measures such as aseptic technique, staff education on documentation, standardised insertion packs and alerts for timely removal, may reduce the overall risk of acquiring an HA-SAB. Aim: To implement a multimodal awareness programme on ACF cannulas and the risk of infection, and to reduce PIVC-associated HA-SAB in one hospital in Australia. Method: The authors performed a baseline digital survey to identify root causes for clinical decision making related to PIVCs and to raise awareness of the project. The authors performed weekly audits and provided feedback on four key wards over 12 weeks. Simple linear regression was used to look at the trend of ACF cannulation rates overtime. HA-SAB rates were calculated per 10000 occupied bed days. Findings: Improved insertion documentation was observed during the intervention period. The ACF cannulation rates decreased by 0.03% per day during the study, although this did not quite reach statistical significance (P=0.06). There were no PIVC-associated SAB events during the intervention period. The SAB rates decreased by 0.02% per day over the period of the study.
Calculation of epidemic thresholds for incidence of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Botvinkin A. D. , Kravchenko N. A. , Bayanova T. A. , Khakimova M. I. , Gavrilova T. A. , Likhanova N. A. 
Published: June 2022

Aim. To calculate epidemic incidence thresholds for community-acquired pneumonia in the Irkutsk Region and to identify irregularities in the annual incidence trends.Materials and Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional epidemiological study evaluating the relevant data from the Irkutsk Region during 2013-2020. To calculate the epidemic thresholds, we used weekly information for 2013-2018 about newly diagnosed cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Similar data for 2019 and 2020 were used for retrospective comparison with the calculated thresholds.Results. Computation of the community-acquired pneumonia epidemic incidence thresholds is based on the weekly and 4-week calculation of the median and quartiles (Q1 ; Q3 ), which is conducted differentially for the total population, children (≤ 17 years of age), working adults (18-64 years of age) and pensioners (≥ 65 years of age) per 100,000 population. When compared with the upper epidemic threshold (Q3 ), seasonal changes in the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia have been revealed in 2019 and 2020; they were associated with the spread of infuenza, COVID-19, and an epidemic of unknown origin which was observed mostly among children.Conclusion. Calculation of epidemic thresholds for the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia can be used in epidemiological surveillance.
Trends in HIV infection incidence in Tyumen Region from 1993 to 2019
Authors: Melnikova E. N. , Marchenko A. N. 
Published: June 2022

Aim. To evaluate the epidemiological trends in HIV infection in the Tyumen Region between 1993 and 2019.Materials and Methods. We studied incidence and prevalence of HIV infection in the Tyumen Region and assessed the pathways of HIV transmission on ascending stages of the epidemic process using the Cramer’s V, a measure of an association between two nominal variables. Gender involvement into the epidemic process was assessed using the McNemar’s test for paired nominal data whilst age involvement was evaluated by means of Pearson’s chi-squared test. The statistical results of calculating the linear correlation were considered signifcant at p<0.05.Results. We subdivided the entire period of HIV epidemic (1993−2019) into the fve time frames. During the frst interval (from 1993 to 1997), a moderate increase in HIV infection was recorded. The second interval (from 1998 to 2000) was notable for a remarkable increase in the incidence of HIV infection, while this increment was reduced from 2001 to 2005. Yet, the incidence of HIV infection showed a steady increase from 2006 to 2016, although being lower in 2017 to 2019. The average incidence of HIV infection from 1993 to 2019 was 67.35 ± 7.6 per 100,000 population. The proportion of women among the HIV infection cases increased from 25.0% in 1993-1997 to 40.5% in 2017-2019. Since 2004, there has been a decrease in the HIV infection incidence in the age group ≤ 29 years of age, with a concurrent increase in older age groups. Since 2014, the majority of new HIV infection cases are registered between 30 and 34 years of age. Currently, there is a clear trend to rise of HIV infection incidence in older age groups (21.8% between 30 and 34 years of age, 21.9% between 35 and 39 years of age, and 16.4% between 40 and 44 years of age).Conclusions. Despite the lowering incidence of HIV infection in the Tyumen Region from 2017 to 2019, it still remains high. HIV infection is increasingly frequent in women and between 30 and 39 years of age.
Dalargin, a peripheral opiate receptor agonist, in the pathogenesis of myocardial contusion in rats with different stress tolerance
Authors: Priymak A. B. , Korpacheva O. V. , Zolotov A. N. , Kluchnikova E. I. 
Published: June 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effect of dalargin, a peripheral opiate receptor agonist, on the adaptive strategy of rats with different stress tolerance after the myocardial contusion.Materials and Methods. The experiment was performed on 216 male rats weighing 250-300 g which were ranked according to stress resistance using the forced-swim (Porsolt) test and the open feld test. Rats were divided into 3 groups: control animals and those with a blunt cardiac injury, with or without dalargin administration (100 µg/kg intramuscularly 2 hours before anesthesia, immediately before injury, and 2 hours post injury). Each group included 3 subgroups (n = 8 rats per each) with high, medium, and low stress tolerance. Myocardial contusion was simulated using an original device. Blood levels of glucose, lactic acid, triglycerides, corticosterone, total protein, albumin, white blood cell count, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity were measured in all rats 24 hours post injury.Results. Myocardial contusion altered the metabolic profle to the stress-related pattern. The most signifcant increase in rectal temperature, white blood cell count, corticosterone, glucose, lactic acid, and triglyceride levels as well as maximum decrease in reduced glutathione and total myocardial antioxidant capacity were documented in animals with low stress tolerance. Administration of dalargin alleviated the stress response regardless of animal stress resistance.Conclusion. Blunt cardiac injury and myocardial contusion induce stress response characterised by hypercatabolism, systemic infammatory response syndrome, and myocardial oxidative stress in all rats, with a most signifcant response in animals with low stress tolerance. A peripheral opiate receptor agonist dalargin did not change the response pattern but curbed the stress response.
Spatial Modelling of Key Regional- Level Factors of Covid-19 Mortality In Russia
Authors: Kotov Egor A. , Goncharov Ruslan R. , Kulchitsky Yuri V. , Molodtsova Varvara A. , Nikitin Boris V. 
Published: June 2022

Intensive socio-economic interactions are a prerequisite for the innovative development of the economy, but at the same time, they may lead to increased epidemiological risks. Persistent migration patterns, the socio-demographic composition of the population, income level, and employment structure by type of economic activity determine the intensity of socio-economic interactions and, therefore, the spread of COVID-19.We used the excess mortality (mortality from April 2020 to February 2021 compared to the five-year mean) as an indicator of deaths caused directly and indirectly by COVID-19. Similar to some other countries, due to irregularities and discrepancies in the reported infection rates, excess mortality is currently the only available and reliable indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.We used the regional level data and fit regression models to identify the socio-economic factors that determined the impact of the pandemic. We used ordinary least squares as a baseline model and a selection of spatial models to account for spatial autocorrelation of dependent and independent variables as well as the error terms.Based on the comparison of AICc (corrected Akaike information criterion) and standard error values, it was found that SEM (spatial error model) is the best option with reliably significant coefficients. Our results show that the most critical factors that increase the excess mortality are the share of the elderly population and the employment structure represented by the share of employees in manufacturing (C economic activity according to European Skills, Competences, and Occupations (ESCO) v1 classification). High humidity as a proxy for temperature and a high number of retail locations per capita reduce the excess mortality. Except for the share of the elderly, most identified factors influence the opportunities and necessities of human interaction and the associated excess mortality.
Corak Hermeneutika al-Quran dalam Tafsir al-Zamakhsyary
Authors: Chair Badrul Munir 
Published: June 2022

Hermeneutics is a study of understanding to interpret and reveal the hidden meaning of the text, symbols, and human actions. Hermeneutics is widely used as an approach in the realm of interpretation. This research will describe the hermeneutics of the Qur'an in Al-Kashshaf by al-Zamakhsyary. This research is a qualitative type of research by applying the literature study model. The results of this study indicate that the interpretation of the al-Kashshaf is a bi al-Ra'yi interpretation (the more dominant interpretation relies on reasoning). In terms of hermeneutics, the hermeneutics pattern of al-Zamakhsyary in the understanding of al-Kashshaf can be grouped as subjective hermeneutics by decomposition that, first: the use of sense in the al-Kashshaf is very dominant and gets a reasonably high portion; Second, the balaghah and grammatical aspect in the al-Kashshaf interpretation look very thick. In this case, the authenticity of the editorial and text words are caught carefully; Third, al-Zamakhsyary uses other texts such as the Hadith and Jahiliyyah poetry to strengthen or describe the interpretation.
Keywords: Hermeneutics, al-Zamakhsyary, Tafsir bi al-Ra’yi, Tafseer al-Kashshaf.
A review of natural foods consumed during the COVID-19 pandemic life
Authors: Hurcan Meltem , Irkin Reyhan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has brought life to a standstill around the world. Until a vaccine was found to combat COVID-19, the world conducted research and made recommendations for nutritional natural foods. Considering the risks incurred by contracting the disease, even though the production of various vaccines and vaccination of healthy people has started in some countries, individuals need useful foods to be ready for the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, nutrient contents such as antioxidant compounds, vitamins, minerals, and probiotics that contribute to the immune system have been investigated. This paper attempts to determine the role of these dietary supplements in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and/or changing the course of the disease in COVID-19 patients and their effects on mortality. Supplements used and recommended for the COVID-19 pandemic life were investigated. In conclusion, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants used during the COVID-19 pandemic to inhibit the effect of SARS-CoV-2. In order to overcome the new global crisis, nutritional cures and treatments should be upgraded. However, additional research on the subject is needed.
Methods for sentinel lymph node mapping in oral cancer: a literature review
Authors: Trepka-Sirek Barbara , Niedzielska Iwona 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Oral cancers, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, are the most common cancers of the head and neck. Of these, 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Surgery, which consists of dissection of the primary tumor and lymphadenectomy, is considered a radical method of treatment. There are several ranges of cervical lymphadenectomy: selective neck dissection (SND), modified radical neck dissection (MRND), and radical neck dissection (RND). The extension of surgery depends on the stage of clinical advancement, which can be determined by TNM classification, among other methods. The greatest controversy is related to SND in patients with cN0 (no evidence of regional lymph node metastasis), which is currently standard procedure. This approach is dictated by the possibility of hidden or subclinical metastases. The use of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept in patients with early stage of oral cancer and appropriate methods of its mapping may lead to a reduction in the extent of the lymphadenectomy procedure, thus reducing postoperative mortality and maintaining the patient’s function and quality of life, with correct oncological results. So far, available methods for SLN mapping are based on use of markers: methylene blue dye (MBD), metastable radioactive isotope Technetium (99mTc), or the fluorescent substance indocyanine green (ICG).
Transport of Moisture in Car Seat Covers
Authors: Nemcokova Renata , Glombikova Viera , Komarkova Petra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransport of liquid water is one of the basic producer requirements to ensure the suitable physiological comfort of drivers. This paper deals with the investigation of car seat covers’ efficiency from the point of view of their moisture management. Two methods were used for the evaluation of moisture transport in the car seat cover structures. Both of them use a thermography system for water transport detection. The first method evaluates dynamic water spreading in cross-section in the frontal plane; the second one examines horizontally dynamic spreading of liquid drops on the upper face of the sample. The tested materials were designed to understand the role of the middle layer of textile sandwich car seats in their moisture management behavior. The same PES woven structure in the top layer was used for all tested samples. Knitted spacer fabric (3D spacer fabric), polyurethane foam, and nonwoven were used as padding in the middle layer in car seat covers. In summary, the distribution and transport of liquid moisture in a sandwich structure are fundamentally affected by the middle layer of composite, especially by material composition and the value of porosity. The best results were shown in 3D spacer fabric for car seat covers.
Towards Green Travel: Application of Principles of Ecological Tourism in the Russian Glamping Market
Authors: Dorofeeva Anastasia R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article investigates the extent and peculiarities of the application of the principles of ecological tourism in the Russian glamping market. The main research question is whether Russian glamping can be considered a type of ecological tourism. The current state of the Russian glamping market is described, and the basic principles of ecological tourism are identified by the author. Ten Russian glamping sites were selected at random for analysis, and structured face-to-face and telephone interviews with managers of Russian glamping sites and glamping tourists were used as the primary data collection method. The author concludes that the principles of ecological tourism are widely used in Russian glamping sites, and that Russian glamping can, with some caveats, be considered a type of ecological tourism. As the main peculiarity of the application of the principles of ecological tourism in the Russian glamping market, significant lack of both an educational component and cultural benefits to the local area and population has been identified. Nevertheless, the Russian glamping market is moving towards ecological compatibility and green travel. It is suggested that the further development of glamping can contribute to the development of ecological tourism in Russia and, consequently, to the sustainable development of tourist destinations.
Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism in Serbia
Authors: Gicić Ajša , Milinčić Miroljub , Ivanović Marko , Vukoičić Danijela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
At a time when tourism in Serbia represents a major segment of its economic development, COVID-19 has hit the tourism industry hard both locally and globally, and thus has affected the country’s economic condition and its development prospects. The government of the Republic of Serbia has taken a number of measures to combat the epidemic and to recover tourism. In order to assess whether these measures have been effective and to what extent they have contributed to the sustainability of tourism as an important economic contributor, field research was conducted on 110 owners of catering and tourist facilities in attractive tourist destinations in Serbia. Statistical analysis provided precise data on the decline in the number of tourists during the epidemic, as well as whether and to what extent these consequences were mitigated by a set of measures adopted by the government of the Republic of Serbia. It was concluded that, in the first five months of 2020, the influx of tourists decreased by almost 50% compared to the same period of the previous year (2019). According to the survey, the recovery of the tourism sector will take at least twelve months, so the measures that are being implemented must have long-term effects.
Social Carrying Capacity in Island Destinations: Interpreting Visitors’ Opinions in Madeira Island
Authors: Mota Luís , Franco Mara , Santos Rossana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Social carrying capacity is an additional dimension of tourism carrying capacity. This paper aims to provide further understanding beyond physical values describing carrying capacity for a touristic site on an island destination, namely, the Laurisilva of Madeira. This UNESCO site is the major tourist attraction on the island. The component of social carrying capacity was added to assess satisfaction levels registered in 481 completed questionnaires and find relevant factors reflecting social values and enjoyment while visiting the site. Nonparametric tests were performed to study the relationship between sociodemographic variables and satisfaction measurements. Statistically, cleanliness and natural conditions, trail amenities, trail conditions, environmental conditions, and pollution levels were the five dimensions relevant to gauging satisfaction related to visiting the natural heritage site. Social carrying capacity showed an average satisfaction of 71%, but mean scores concluded visitors to be only slightly satisfied and differences in satisfaction levels regarding the education level of respondents. These are essential dimensions for good site management and for planning management actions for the island destination. This method of analysis is feasible for site management and is complementary to the corresponding physical thresholds.