bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sweet potato vine silage supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and immune function in finishing pigs
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Ruibo , Yue Zhiyuan , Zheng Hao , Zhou Qinglong , Bao Chunna , Shi Baoming , Lv Yinfeng , Shan Anshan , Ma Qingquan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSweet potato vine, the byproduct of sweet potato, has a high nutritional value. Silage is an effective solution for nutrient preservation. This article explored the effects of sweet potato vine silage (SPVS) supplementation on meat quality, antioxidant capacity and immune function in finishing pigs. One hundred and eighty finishing pigs (Berkshire × Licha Black) with a body weight of 74.54 ± 3.32 kg were randomly divided into three groups. The three groups were separately fed basal diet (Ctrl), Ctrl supplemented with 2.5% SPVS (LSPVS) or 5% SPVS (HSPVS) on a dry matter basis. Results showed that the eye muscle area in the LSPVS group was significantly increased. The carcass weight in the HSPVS was significantly reduced compared with Ctrl. For the meat quality, only cooking loss in both HSPVS and LSPVS was reduced while other indexes had no significant differences. For the antioxidant capacity, the hepatic level of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GSH‐PX) was significantly upregulated in LSPVS but downregulated in HSPVS. In the serum, HSPVS decreased GSH level and increased GSH‐PX level. HSPVS significantly reduced hepatic interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels and LSPVS significantly reduced IL‐12 levels and increased IL‐8 and IL‐6 levels. Moreover, HSPVS and LSPVS promoted the secretion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in the serum. Our data showed that low‐dose SPVS supplementation improved carcass traits and high‐dose SPVS supplementation increased immune function in finishing pigs, which provides a new alternative to improve animal health.
The circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance: a conceptual review
Authors: Roenneberg Till , Foster Russell G. , Klerman Elizabeth B. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe field of “circadian medicine” is a recent addition to chronobiology and sleep research efforts. It represents a logical step arising from the increasing insights into the circadian system and its interactions with life in urbanised societies; applying these insights to the health/disease balance at home and in the medical practice (outpatient) and clinic (inpatient). Despite its fast expansion and proliferating research efforts, circadian medicine lacks a formal framework to categorise the many observations describing interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance. A good framework allows us to categorise observations and then assign them to one or more components with hypothesised interactions. Such assignments can lead to experiments that document causal (rather than correlational) relationships and move from describing observations to discovering mechanisms. This review details such a proposed formal framework for circadian medicine and will hopefully trigger discussion among our colleagues, so that the framework can be improved and expanded. As the basis of the framework for circadian medicine, we define “circadian health” and how it links to general health. We then define interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance and put the framework into the context of the literature with examples from six domains of health/disease balance: fertility, cancer, immune system, mental health, cardiovascular, and metabolism.
Inter‐relationships among body mass, body dimensions, jaw musculature and bite force in reptiles
Authors: Deeming D. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBite force is important in understanding how feeding biomechanics impacts the life‐history of vertebrates. Bite force has been measured in many lizards and crocodilians but fewer turtles and snakes. Few comparative interspecific studies exist of the inter‐relationships between body size, jaw musculature and bite force. This study collated data reported in the literature for bite force and mass of the jaw musculature in reptiles and explored the relationships between these variables and body mass and size. Two hypotheses were explored: (1) bite force and mass of the jaw musculature scale with body size irrespective of order (as a broad taxonomic grouping) when controlled for phylogeny, and (2) bite force and jaw musculature mass would be directly related and be unrelated to order. Phylogenetically controlled Bayesian analyses showed that in relation to body mass there were different relationships with bite force for testudines compared to saurians and crocodilians. For snout–vent length, squamates and crocodilians exhibited a single relationship, but for head length, all reptile orders exhibited different allometric patterns. Although there was a strong phylogenetic signal in all cases, indicating that there are clusters of closely related species for a measure of size, there was no effect of order on the relationships between measures of body size and mass of the jaw musculature. The relationship between bite force and jaw muscle mass was isometric and did not differ among reptile orders. Several ecological factors may correlate with head morphology and bite force in reptiles. Further studies could explore the evolutionary drivers that shape the relationship between head size, jaw musculature and bite force. Similarities for the relationships between bite force and body size in different reptilian orders suggests that this could be a model system to demonstrate fundamental biomechanical principles of how jaw muscles generate a bite force.
Gene expression and clinical outcomes after dietary treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis: a prospective study
Authors: de Rooij Willemijn E. , Diks Mara A. P. , Warners Marijn J. , Ampting Marleen T. J. Van , van Esch Betty C. A. M. , Bredenoord Albert J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergen‐mediated disease and elimination diets have proven to be effective to obtain clinical and histological remission. However, the effect of elimination diets on specific EoE transcripts and their clinical correlates is relatively unknown. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary treatment (four‐food elimination diet [FFED]) with or without addition of amino acid‐based formula (AAF) on a variety of pro‐/anti‐inflammatory, epithelial/barrier function and remodeling/fibrosis‐related markers of disease activity and clinical correlates (eosinophils, symptoms, and endoscopic signs) in adult EoE patients.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of biopsy samples and data collected during a randomized controlled trial with an elimination diet in adult patients with active EoE (≥15 eosinophils [eos] per high‐power field [hpf]). Demographics, symptoms (SDI‐score), endoscopic signs (EREFS) and peak eosinophil counts/hpf were recorded at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Transcripts of 10 indicated genes were measured (qPCR) and compared to clinical correlates at baseline and after treatment.Key ResultsForty patients (pooled FFED + FFED + AAF) (60% male, age 34.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 29–42.8 years) completed the diet. Peak eosinophil counts/hpf, symptoms and endoscopic signs were significantly decreased after 6 weeks dietary treatment. DSG‐1 levels were significantly upregulated from baseline to week 6, whereas IL‐13, CAPN‐14, IL‐5, IL‐10, CCL‐26, POSTN, TSLP, CPA‐3, and TGF‐β were significantly downregulated after 6 weeks of diet (all; <0.01). Prior to treatment, upregulation of CAPN‐14 and lower levels of DSG‐1 were associated with clinical fibrotic phenotypes, whereas upregulation of IL‐10 was linked to food impaction phenotypes.ConclusionThese findings strongly suggest that elimination diets, besides a clinical and histological response, are associated with a broad transcriptional response at the level of the esophageal epithelium.
Normative values for esophageal functional lumen imaging probe measurements: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bredenoord Albert J. , Rancati Francesca , Lin Haiying , Schwartz Naama , Argov Mirit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe functional lumen imaging probe (Endoflip™) is increasingly used for evaluation of patients with esophageal symptoms. To improve the interpretation of Endoflip™ in clinical practice, normative values with appropriate cut‐off values are required.MethodsOriginal clinical studies describing Endoflip™ use for measurements of esophageal motility in healthy adults were considered. Meta‐analysis was performed based on published values.ResultsA total of 17 articles were included in the systematic review, 15 of which were included in the meta‐analysis, representing 154 unique subjects. At 40 ml distention, the 5th–95th and 10th–90th percentiles for esophagogastric junction distensibility index (EGJ‐DI) were 1.96–10.95 mm2/mmHg and 2.36–8.95 mm2/mmHg, respectively. An EGJ‐DI below 2 mm2/mmHg was found in 5.4%, and below 3 mm2/mmHg in 20.1% of healthy subjects. At 50 ml distention, the 5th–95th and 10th–90th percentiles for EGJ‐DI are 2.86–10.66 mm2/mmHg and 3.28–9.12 mm2/mmHg, respectively (below 2 mm2/mmHg: 0.6%, 3 mm2/mmHg: 6.3%). The 5th–95th and 10th–90th percentiles for EGJ‐DI at 60 ml distention were 3.06–8.14 mm2/mmHg and 3.33–7.18 mm2/mmHg, respectively (below 2 mm2/mmHg: 0.0%, 3 mm2/mmHg: 7%). A clear cut‐off for lower values was identified while a large spread in values was observed for upper limits of normal for EGJ‐DI for all filling volumes.ConclusionsGiven these observations, we recommend using a cut‐off of 2 mm2/mmHg for clinical practice, values below can be considered abnormal. Given that 5.4% of the healthy subjects will have an EGJ‐DI below 2 mm2/mmHg at 40 ml, we recommend using the 50 and 60 ml distention volumes. The clinical use of an upper limit for normality of EGJ‐DI seems questionable.
Normative values of intra‐bolus pressure and esophageal compliance based on 4D high‐resolution impedance manometry
Authors: Kou Wenjun , Carlson Dustin A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Patankar Neelesh A. , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to quantify normative values of phase‐specific intra‐bolus pressure (IBP) and esophageal distensibility using 4D analysis of high‐resolution‐impedance manometry (HRIM).MethodsHRIM studies of supine swallows from 34 normal controls were analyzed with respect to the four phases of bolus transit: (1) accommodation, (2) compartmentalization, (3) peristalsis/esophageal emptying, and (4) ampullary emptying. Phase‐specific IBP, bolus volume, and distensibility index (DI) in the esophageal body and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) during phases 1–3 were extracted.ResultsThe median (5‐95th/IQR) IBP values were as follows: phase 1: 4.0 (−2.0–10.4/1.9–5.8) mmHg, phase 2: 5.7 (0.2–14.1/3.6–8.9) mmHg, and phase 3: 11.2 (2.9–19.4/7.7–15.1) mmHg. The median bolus volume calculated by integrating impedance planimetry cross‐sectional areas was 4.1 ml during the compartmentalization phase. The EGJ‐DI at max EGJ diameter during phase 2 and 3 was 2.8 (1.1–9.5/1.8–3.7) mm2/mmHg and 6.0 (3.2–20.3/5.1–7.8) mm2/mmHg, respectively. The phase 3 EGJ‐DI values (6.0 (3.2–20.3/5.1–7.8) mm2/mmHg) were similar to those calculated using functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) at the 60 ml volume on the same subjects (5.8 [3.5–7.2/5.0–6.4] mm2/mmHg).Conclusions and Inferences4D‐HRIM provides a standardized methodology to track the nadir impedance and provide measurements of IBP during maximal distention across phases 1–3 of bolus transit. Median IBP and delta IBP were different across the phases, supporting the need to define IBP by phase. Additionally, the EGJ‐DI calculated during phase 3 was similar to the 60‐ml EGJ‐DI from FLIP in the same subjects suggesting that 4D‐HRIM can quantify EGJ opening during primary peristalsis.
Discrimination of atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from atrial tachycardia by the V‐A‐A‐V response
Authors: Kaneko Yoshiaki , Nakajima Tadashi , Tamura Shuntaro , Nagashima Koichi , Kobari Takashi , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Ishii Hideki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe electrophysiological discrimination between fast‐slow (F/S‐) atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (NRT) and atrial tachycardia (AT) originating from the interatrial septum remains challenging. While a V‐A‐A‐V response may occur immediately after ventricular induction or entrainment of either tachycardia, the electrophysiological dissimilarities in that response between the two tachycardias remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify a diagnostic indicator discriminating F/S‐AVNRT from AT by examining the difference in the V‐A‐A‐V response between the two tachycardias.MethodsThis retrospective study included 17 patients with F/S‐AVNRT [seven with common‐form F/S‐AVNRT using a typical slow pathway (SP) and 10 with superior type F/S‐AVNRT using a superior SP] and 10 patients with reentrant AT. All 27 patients presented with long RP supraventricular tachycardia and an initial V‐A‐A‐V response upon ventricular induction or entrainment. The V‐A‐A‐V response in patients with F/S‐AVNRT was due to dual atrial responses. We measured the interval between the first (A1) and second atrial electrogram (A2) of V‐A‐A‐V and calculated ΔAA by subtracting A1‐A2 from the tachycardia cycle length.ResultsV‐A‐A‐V responses were observed most often upon ventricular induction of F/S‐AVNRT (6 ± 5 times) as well as AT (6 ± 6 times; p = .87). The V‐A‐A‐V response upon ventricular entrainment was observed in a single patient with F/S‐AVNRT versus 10 all patients with AT (p < .001). ΔAA ranged between −80 and 228 ms in F/S‐AVNRT and between −184 and 26 ms in AT. A ΔAA > 26 ms predicted a diagnosis of F/S‐AVNRT with a 76% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while a ΔAA <−80 ms predicted a diagnosis of AT with a 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity.ConclusionsΔAA is a useful, confirmatory, diagnostic indicator of F/S‐AVNRT versus AT associated with the V‐A‐A‐V response.
Energy democratization policy without democratization of policy governance in South Korea: A participatory democracy perspective
Authors: Heo Inhye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolicy governance with citizen participation has gained much attention in the application of participatory democracy. Accordingly, what conditions are needed to conform to the idea of policy governance and contribute to policy effectiveness? This article answers this question by examining the energy policy of the South Korean Moon Jae‐in government. It argues that—in addition to the formation of policy governance—democratizing its operation based on the democratic principles of legitimacy and responsibility is required, and theoretically presents conditions to this end. It then examines the Moon government's energy policy process, featuring nuclear phase‐out and fostering renewable energy. The government‐formed energy policy governance was represented by public debate committees and policy projects that accompany citizen participation under the banner of participatory democracy. However, it does not consider the democratic principles that led to people questioning its authenticity and brought about serious policy problems that hindered the accomplishment of policy objectives.Related ArticlesAyhan, Kadir Jun, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue: Global Korea Scholarship: Empirical Evaluation of a Non‐Western Scholarship Program from a Public Diplomacy Perspective.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1282–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12440.Heo, Inhye. 2013. “The Political Economy of Policy Gridlock in South Korea: The Case of the Lee Myung‐bak Government's Green Growth Policy.” Politics & Policy 41(4): 509–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12029.Kane, John, Hui‐Chieh Loy, and Haig Patapan. 2010. “Introduction to the Special Issue: The Search for Legitimacy in Asia.” Politics & Policy 38(3): 381–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00240.x.
Establishment of a method to predict dystocia due to physical imbalance between foetus and maternal pelvis in Japanese black cattle
Authors: Maeda T. , Kitahara G. , Osawa T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between the maternal pelvis and calf size in normal and dystocia groups (Experiment 1) and to establish a method to predict dystocia due to physical imbalance between foetus and maternal pelvis before calving based on the parameters found in Experiment 1 (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 26 pairs of dams and their offspring were tested immediately after calving, and various parameters of offspring size and maternal pelvis were measured in normal and dystocia cases. The longitudinal diameter of the maternal pelvis was smaller (p < .01), and ratios of the offspring's birth weight and the width of the hoof crown (hoof width; measured using callipers) to the longitudinal diameter of the maternal pelvis were larger (p < .01) in the dystocia group than those in the normal group. In Experiment 2, 37 cows were tested, and in addition to the measurement items of Experiment 1, the inner pelvic diameter and the foetal hoof width were measured via ultrasonography at 285 days of gestation. The ratio of the internal diameter of the maternal pelvis (longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and area) to the foetal hoof width was compared and was greater (p < .01) in the dystocia group than in the normal group. In conclusion, the risk of dystocia can be estimated by the ratio of the foetal hoof width to the longitudinal diameter of the maternal pelvis before calving.
Effect of drugs on fertility in male dogs: A review
Authors: Zdunczyk Slawomir , Domoslawska Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this literature review was to present and discuss the available data on the positive and negative effects of drugs on male dog fertility. Apart from information on hormones and anti‐hormonal agents, there is still only little information available regarding the effect of other drugs on sexual function and fertility in male dogs. A negative impact on fertility in male dogs has been reported for vincristine, cyclophosphamide, tetracycline and ketoconazole. However, preclinical safety studies of drugs for human use indicated that spermatogenesis in dogs may be sensitive to a wide variety of drugs. Thus, potential adverse effects of drugs on fertility should always be considered before their use in stud dogs. Also, in cases of reduced fertility or infertility in male dogs, previous medical treatment should be taken into account as a possible cause. In most cases, the effects of drugs on sexual function and spermatogenesis are reversible after the discontinuation of the drug. Further studies on the effects of drugs on male dog fertility are needed.
Never trust an unsound theory
Authors: Bennet Christian , Blanck Rasmus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLajevardi and Salehi, in “There may be many arithmetical Gödel sentences”, argue against the use of the definite article in the expression “the Gödel sentence”, by claiming that any unsound theory has Gödelian sentences with different truth values. We show that their Theorems 1 and 2 are special cases (modulo Löb's theorem and the first incompleteness theorem) of general observations pertaining to fixed points of any formula, and argue that the false sentences of Lajevardi and Salehi are in fact not Gödel sentences.
A Fragilidade do Direito: As Lutas Por Direitos e o Mecanismo Imuntário da Soberania
Authors: Cordeiro Roan Costa , Souza Thais Pinhata de , Fonseca Angela Couto Machado 
Published: June 2022

A luta por direitos tem abalado as categorias e conceitos que articulam o nexo entre política e direito. Não obstante, o sentido desse fenômeno permanece pouco explorado para além do exercício do poder soberano, que continua a limitar os horizontes do pensamento jurídico. Diante disso, este artigo tem por objetivo questionar a rede de significações que tem delimitado o papel do direito nos embates entre as ações divergentes e o discurso da soberania. Na primeira parte deste texto, destaca-se a pertinência de se indagar as operações conceituais mobilizadas pelo pensamento jurídico à luz de uma investigação crítico-filosófica do presente. Para tanto, dialoga-se ao longo deste trabalho com Hannah Arendt, Giorgio Agamben, Roberto Esposito e Iris Marion Young. Na segunda parte, considera-se que a ação possui uma gramática própria que, baseada na pluralidade, opera em curto-circuito com o discurso (imunitário) da soberania. Na terceira parte, de acordo com tal discurso, nota-se que o direito se institui como resposta imunitária que, fazendo-se valer da lógica da identidade, permite modular conflitos políticos e sociais, bem como produzir identidades e diferenças, exclusão e inclusão, afirmação e negação. Em confronto com os limites desse mecanismo jurídico, verifica-se que as lutas por direito podem revelar o momento fundacional do direito, enquanto artifício humano, no campo de forças entre estabilidade e fragilidade das coisas humanas. Portanto, convém ao pensamento político-jurídico o exercício crítico de questionar seus limites e bases, tendo em vista que novas fundações são possíveis.
Short‐term effects of electronic cigarettes on cerebrovascular function: A time course study
Authors: Mills Amber , Dakhlallah Duaa , Robinson Madison , Kirk Ally , Llavina Sam , Boyd Jonathan W. , Chantler Paul D. , Olfert I. Mark 
Published: June 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Acute exposure to electronic cigarettes (Ecigs) triggers abnormal vascular responses in systemic arteries; however, effects on cerebral vessels are poorly understood and time for recovery is not known. We hypothesized that exposure to cigarettes or Ecigs would trigger rapid (<4 h) impairment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) but that this would resolve by 24 h.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Cigarettes and Ecigs caused similar degree and duration of MCA impairment. We find it takes ~72 hours after exposure for MCA function to return to normal. This suggests that Ecig use is likely to produce similar adverse vascular health outcomes to those seen with cigarette smoke.

AbstractTemporal influences of electronic cigarettes (Ecigs) on blood vessels are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated a single episode of cigarette versus Ecig exposure on middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity and determined how long after the exposure MCA responses took to return to normal. We hypothesized that cigarette and Ecig exposure would induce rapid (<4 h) reduction in MCA endothelial function and would resolve within 24 h. Sprague–Dawley rats (4 months old) were exposed to either air (n = 5), traditional cigarettes (20 puffs, n = 16) or Ecigs (20‐puff group, n = 16; or 60‐puff group, n = 12). Thereafter, the cigarette and Ecig groups were randomly assigned for postexposure vessel myography testing on day 0 (D0, 1–4 h postexposure), day 1 (D1, 24–28 h postexposure), day 2 (D2, 48–52 h postexposure) and day 3 (72–76 h postexposure). The greatest effect on endothelium‐dependent dilatation was observed within 24 h of exposure (∼50% decline between D0 and D1) for both cigarette and Ecig groups, and impairment persisted with all groups for up to 3 days. Changes in endothelium‐independent dilatation responses were less severe (∼27%) and shorter lived (recovering by D2) compared with endothelium‐dependent dilatation responses. Vasoconstriction in response to serotonin (5‐HT) was similar to endothelium‐independent dilatation, with greatest impairment (∼45% for all exposure groups) at D0–D1, returning to normal by D2. These data show that exposure to cigarettes and Ecigs triggers a similar level/duration of cerebrovascular dysfunction after a single exposure. The finding that Ecig (without nicotine) and cigarette (with nicotine) exposure produce the same effects suggesting that nicotine is not likely to be triggering MCA dysfunction, and that vaping (with/without nicotine) has potential to produce the same vascular harm and/or disease as smoking.