bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tap Water Quality Degradation in an Intermittent Water Supply Area
Authors: Shakya Bijay Man , Nakamura Takashi , Shrestha Sadhana , Pathak Sarad , Nishida Kei , Malla Rabin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDecentralized tap water systems are an important drinking water source worldwide. A good quality, high-pressure continuous water supply (CWS) is always the target of any urban settlement. However, tap water in some areas are reported with deteriorated water quality even though treated well before supplying. Such deterioration of tap water quality is reported widely from areas with low water availability and in economically poor countries where water are supplied intermittently (IWS). This study focuses in identifying tap water quality in IWS and causes of water quality degradation using nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) as an indicator and stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD) as tracer. Nine water reservoirs and ninety municipal tap water (ten per reservoir) samples were collected during the wet (June–September) and dry (November–February) seasons in the Kathmandu Valley (KV), Nepal. Ten percent of the tap water samples exhibited higher NO3-N than those of their respective reservoirs during the wet season, while 16% exhibited higher concentrations during the dry season. Similarly, the isotopic signatures of tap water exhibited 3% and 23% higher concentrations than those of their respective reservoirs during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Coupling analysis between NO3-N and δD demonstrates close connection of groundwater and tap water. The results indicate groundwater intrusion as the primary component in controlling tap water quality variations within the same distribution networks during IWS. Meanwhile, the obtained results also indicate probable areas of intrusion in the KV as well as usefulness of δD as a tool in the assessment of tap water systems.
Environmental Drivers of Nearshore Fish Community Composition and Size Structure in Glacially Influenced Gulf of Alaska Estuaries
Authors: Lundstrom Nina C. , Beaudreau Anne H. , Mueter Franz J. , Konar Brenda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoastal ecosystems in Alaska are undergoing rapid change due to warming and glacier recession. We used a natural gradient of glacierized to non-glacierized watersheds (0–60% glacier coverage) in two regions along the Gulf of Alaska—Kachemak Bay and Lynn Canal—to evaluate relationships between local environmental conditions and estuarine fish communities. Multivariate analyses of fish community data collected from five sites per region in 2019 showed that region accounted for the most variation in community composition, suggesting that local effects of watershed type were masked by regional-scale variables. Seasonal shifts in community composition were driven largely by the influx of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in late spring. Spatiotemporal differences among fish communities were partly explained by salinity and temperature, which accounted for 19.5% of the variation in community composition. We used a multi-year dataset from Lynn Canal (2014–2019) to examine patterns of mean length for two dominant species. Generalized additive mixed models indicated that Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) mean length varied along site-specific seasonal gradients, increasing gradually through the summer in the least glacially influenced sites and increasing rapidly to an asymptote of ~ 150 mm in the most glacially influenced sites. Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) mean length was more strongly related to environmental conditions, increasing with temperature and turbidity. Together, our findings suggest that community compositions of estuarine fishes show greater variation at the regional scale than the watershed scale, but species-specific variation in size distributions may indicate differences in habitat quality across watershed types within regions.
Changes in demographics, treatment and outcomes in a consecutive cohort who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation between 2005 and 2020
Authors: De Ronde-Tillmans M. J. A. G. , Nuis R. M. , Goudzwaard J. A. , Cummins P. A. , Hokken T. W. , Van Wiechen M. P. H. , Ooms J. F. W. , Daemen J. , Van Mieghem N. M. D. A. , Mattace-Raso F. U. S. , Lenzen M. J. , de Jaegere P. P. T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has matured to the treatment of choice for most patients with aortic stenosis (AS). We sought to identify trends in patient and procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes in all patients who underwent TAVI between 2005 and 2020.

Methods
A single-centre analysis was performed on 1500 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI, divided into three tertiles (T) of 500 patients treated between November 2005 and December 2014 (T1), January 2015 and May 2018 (T2) and June 2018 and April 2020 (T3).

Results
Over time, mean age and gender did not change (T1 to T3: 80, 80 and 79 years and 53%, 55% and 52% men, respectively), while the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score declined (T1: 4.5% to T3: 2.7%, p < 0.001). Use of general anaesthesia also declined over time (100%, 24% and 1% from T1 to T3) and transfemoral TAVI remained the default approach (87%, 94% and 92%). Median procedure time and contrast volume decreased significantly (186, 114 and 56 min and 120, 100 and 80 ml, respectively). Thirty-day mortality (7%, 4% and 2%), stroke (7%, 3% and 3%), need for a pacemaker (19%, 22% and 8%) and delirium (17%, 12% and 8%) improved significantly, while major bleeding/vascular complications did not change (both approximately 9%, 6% and 6%). One-year survival was 80%, 88% and 92%, respectively.

Conclusion
Over our 15 years’ experience, patient age remained unchanged but the patient risk profile became more favourable. Simplification of the TAVI procedure occurred in parallel with major improvement in outcomes and survival. Bleeding/vascular complications and the need for pacemaker implantation remain the Achilles’ heel of TAVI.
Investigating the effect of TiO2-based nanofluids in the stability of crude oil flow: parametric analysis and Gaussian process regression modeling
Authors: Shnain Zainb Y. , Mageed Alyaa K. , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Mohammadi Majid , AbdulRazak Adnan A. , Abid Mohammad F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudy has shown that the precipitation of asphaltenes could be the most detrimental mechanism that significantly influences well productivity during crude oil processing. The flow of the crude oil could seriously be affected if the effect of the asphaltenes is not inhibited. This study aims to investigate the effect of TiO2-based nanofluid in stabilizing crude oil flow. The effect of the ratio of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite in the organic nanofluid, the salinity of the nanofluid, and pH on the amount of organic solvent (n-heptane) added to stabilize the crude oil flow was investigated using Gaussian Process Progression (GPR) with five kernel functions [exponential square kernel (model 1), rotational quadratic (model 2), Matern 5/2 (model 3), exponential (model 4), and non-isotopic rotational quadratic (model 5)]. The GPR using the various kernel function had good modeling of the relationship between the ratio of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite in the organic nanofluid, the salinity of the nanofluid, the pH, and the amount of organic solvent (n-heptane) added to stabilize the crude oil flow. This is evidence from the R2 of 0.820, 0.999, 0.999, 0.999, 0.999 for model 1, model 2, model 3, model 4, and model 5, respectively. Each of the models had low prediction errors as indicated by the MSE, RMSE, and MAE. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the ratio of TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite in the organic nanofluid had the most significant influence on the amount of n-heptane added to stabilize the crude oil.
A Case of Female Orgasm Without Genital Stimulation
Authors: Pfaus James G. , Tsarski Karolin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Orgasm is a complex, multimodal reflex induced typically by genital stimulation. Genitally stimulated orgasms (GSOs) activate excitatory neurochemical pathways in the brain and spinal cord that ultimately stimulate sympathetic outflow and the inhibition of parasympathetic spinal circuits in the lower lumbar cord. However, some women claim to have orgasms spontaneously without genital stimulation.

Aims
To report the case of a 33-year-old woman who developed the ability to attain and control the duration of a subjective orgasmic state without genital stimulation after tantric training.

Methods
Blood was taken at weekly intervals before, during, and after spontaneously-induced orgasms that lasted 5 or 10 minutes, or after a 10-minutes period of book reading. Plasma was analyzed using ELISA for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, free testosterone, and prolactin. The woman also provided subjective scores for different types of orgasms using the Mah and Binik (2002) Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS).

Results
Prolactin levels post orgasm increased by 25% and 48%, respectively, after the 5- or 10-minutes non-genitally stimulated orgasm (NGSO), and were still elevated from baseline 30 minutes after orgasm. No changes were observed in FSH or free testosterone. The pattern of sensory, affective, and evaluative orgasm ratings after a 10-minutes NGSO was similar to orgasms induced by clitoral or anal stimulation. Book reading did not result in any change in prolactin.

Conclusion
Prolactin surges after orgasm are an objective marker of orgasm quality. The increase in prolactin after her NGSOs indicate that they induce the same physiological changes as GSOs and result from “top-down” processing in the brain.
Marie-Louise von Motesiczky: Re-negotiating the self-portrait as a woman émigré artist in the Nazi era
Authors: Cleary MaryKate 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBorn in Vienna in 1906 to a wealthy, assimilated Jewish family, the painter Marie-Louise von Motesiczky enjoyed a lively social life among the prominent figures of intellectual and cultural Vienna in the closing years of the Habsburg dynasty. She studied at art schools in Vienna, Paris, and the Netherlands, including with German painter Max Beckmann in Frankfurt. The Nazi rise to power cut short Marie-Louise Motesiczky’s career in Central Europe. She fled Vienna for permanent refuge in England. Like her mentor, Beckmann and her contemporary and fellow émigré artist, Oskar Kokoschka, Motesiczky considered the artistic practice of the self-portrait an occasion for self-questioning, self-affirmation, and self-discovery. Unlike her mentors, from early in her career, Motesiczky’s self-portraits had to negotiate the representation of a female subject. This article will investigate the ways in which Motesiczky’s emigration compelled her to reexamine the gendered parameters of the self-portrait and how that reassessment manifests itself specifically in regard to her engagement with the spectatorial gaze. Her position as an émigré artist will not be analyzed as a burden to be overcome but, rather, as the impetus for reexamining techniques and strategies of female self-portraiture.
A hostage of the Cold War: The return of the monastery treasure of Pechory
Authors: Schmiegelt-Rietig Ulrike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe collection of liturgical objects of the Pechory Monastery close to the city of Pskov on Lake Peipus was deployed as a repository in Germany by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg during World War II. After the war, it was not subject to intergovernmental restitution but was stored away in the Wiesbaden Central Collecting Point and subsequently handed over to the newly founded Icon Museum of Recklinghausen before being restituted to the monastery almost two decades later. This article gives a description of the treasure itself and its history. It traces the odyssey of the treasure in Germany until its restitution and examines the different stages of its journey. The handling of this case in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) is symptomatic of the official German attitude toward National Socialist cultural loot and of the changing debates around this subject throughout the decades. These debates form a micro-history that reflects the FRG’s master narratives about World War II and its consequences, the division of Germany, and its changing, but questionable, relationship to the Soviet Union. In addition, it closely follows the political mainstream from the deep anti-Soviet attitudes of the postwar years to Chancellor Willy Brandt’s policy of détente in the 1970s, which made the restitution actually possible. The act in its entity can be seen as a typical example of Nazi Germany’s art looting in the occupied parts of Europe and of the particular conditions in Central and Eastern Europe as well as the after-war restitution policies of the Western allies and the FRG. It is nonetheless typical of the Soviet Union’s policy of denying restitutions later on, including immediate postwar restitutions as well as later acts such as the one involving the Pechory treasure, which has sometimes been repeated up to the present day.
A triple-band dual-fed frequency-flexible SIW cavity-backed slot antenna
Authors: A. Althuwayb Ayman , Chaturvedi Divya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents a novel dual-fed triple-frequency bands antenna using quarter-mode (QM)/ Eight-mode (EM) substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonators. A V-shaped slot is etched into the patch to divide the half-mode cavity into one QM and two EM cavities. One section of the EM cavity and QM cavity are excited with the help of individual micro-strip feedlines. This configuration yields two distinct frequency bands at 4.85 GHz due to TE110 mode of the EMSIW cavity and 5.87 GHz due to TE110 mode of the QMSIW cavity confirming the self-diplexing property. Later, when both the EM cavity sections are joined with the help of two metallic strips, an additional resonance appears at 7.34 GHz due to the excitation of TE120 mode. As compared to the conventional counterparts, the proposed structure is compact and simple. The footprint of the top patch is 0.6λ1 × 0.3λ1. To authenticate the proposed idea, the design is experimentally verified, and the measured results show a good covenant with the simulated results.
KlingMuslims in Sixteenth-Century Ayutthaya: Towards Aggregating the Fragments
Authors: Joll Christopher M. , Aree Srawut 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article reconstructs the history ofKlingMuslims’ contribution to the religious and ethnic cosmopolitanism of sixteenth-century Ayutthaya. This study's argument is constructed based on an aggregate of written fragments about theKlingin both Portuguese primary sources and the wider academic literature. We reveal that, amongst the many ways in which Siam benefited from the Iberian invasion of Melaka in 1511, the dramatic geopolitical rupture of the invasion re-routed trade across the Bay of Bengal. As a result,Klingmerchants began arriving in Ayutthaya in greater numbers via the new network of Siamese-controlled ports and portages. Moreover, this study demonstrates the utility of greater synergy among South Asian, Southeast Asian, Thai, and Malay Studies through focusing on the exonyms employed in primary and secondary sources. Finally, this article contends that Ayutthaya's ethnic and religious cosmopolitanism was impacted by the arrival of South Asian Muslims, referred to asKlingin the Malay World andKhaekin Siam, approximately one century before Persians arrived in greater numbers. This, among others, was an unintended result of Portugal's sixteenth-century interventions into, and alliances with, the Siamese.
An Enjoyable Story, a Persuasive Story
Authors: Lee Tae Kyoung , Kim Hye Kyung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Applying disposition theory to narrative persuasion, this study examined how audience members’ enjoyment of a narrative promotes persuasion differently than transportation and identification. In a 2 (affective disposition: liked vs. disliked story character) × 2 (framing: gain vs. loss framed story) between-subject experiment, participants ( N = 295) read a story in which a liked or disliked character has either a positive outcome (a gain frame) or a negative outcome (a loss frame) dependent on the story character’s engagement in sun protection behaviors. Consistent with disposition theory, participants enjoyed the story more when a liked character was in a gain-framed (vs. loss-framed) narrative; however, no framing effect was found for a disliked character. This interactive effect on enjoyment, in turn, mediated participants’ intentions to engage in sun protection behaviors. Affective disposition and framing independently influenced transportation and identification. Transportation mediated the effect of affective disposition on behavioral intention, but identification did not. This study demonstrates distinctive narrative conditions that prompt enjoyment, transportation, and identification in different ways and, in turn, lead to persuasive effects.
Who May Punish How?
Authors: Strauß Sophie , Bondü Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. According to the intuitive retributivism hypothesis, individuals favor retributivist (getting even) over consequentialist (prevention of norm transgressions) motives when asked to rate the appropriateness of punishment responses representing these motives. This hypothesis has rarely been tested in children; restorative motives (norm clarification, settlement) and potentially influencing variables have rarely been considered. We had 170 elementary school children ( M = 9.26, SD = 1.01) rate the appropriateness of six punishment responses by themselves and teachers for two types of norm transgression as well as their justice sensitivity. Children rated punishment responses thought to represent restorative motives as most appropriate, followed by special preventive and other retributive motives, revenge, general preventive motives, and doing nothing for both themselves and their teachers. Transgression type did not influence appropriateness ratings. Justice sensitivity was related to a stronger tendency to punish. Findings favor intuitive pacifism over intuitive retributivism, indicate children’s preference for target-specific, communicative punishment, and show only small influences by other variables.
The Detection of Seismicity on Icy Ocean Worlds by Single‐Station and Small‐Aperture Seismometer Arrays
Authors: Marusiak A. G. , Schmerr N. C. , Pettit E. C. , Avenson B. , Bailey S. H. , Bray V. J. , Dahl P. , DellaGiustina D. N. , Wagner N. , Weber R. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFuture missions carrying seismometer payloads to icy ocean worlds will measure global and local seismicity to determine where the ice shell is seismically active. We use two locations, a seismically active site on Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, and a more seismically quiet site on the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet as geophysical analogs. We compare the performance of a single‐station seismometer against a small‐aperture seismic array to detect both high (>1 Hz) and low (<0.1 Hz) frequency events at each site. We created catalogs of high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) seismicity at each location using an automated short‐term average/long‐term average technique. We find that with a 1‐m small‐aperture seismic array, our detection rate increased (9% for Alaska and 46% for Greenland) over the single‐station approach. At Gulkana, we recorded an order of magnitude greater HF events than the Greenland site. We ascribe the HF events sources to a combination of icequakes, rockfalls, and ice‐water interactions, while very HF events are determined to result from bamboo poles that were used to secure gear. We further find that local environmental noise reduces the ability to detect LF global tectonic events. Based upon this study, we recommend that (a) future missions consider the value of the expanded capability of a small array compared to a single station, (b) design detection algorithms that can accommodate variable environmental noise, and (c) assess the potential landings sites for sources of local environmental noise that may limit detection of global events.
Imbalanced Moment Release Within Subducting Plates During Initial Bending and Unbending
Authors: Craig T. J. , Methley P. , Sandiford D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInternal deformation within the downgoing plate in subduction zones to accommodate the bending of the plate as it starts to subduct is reflected in widespread intraplate seismicity. This seismicity, extending from the outer rise and outer trench slope down to intermediate depths within the slab, exhibits a wide variety of focal mechanism types, often indicative of the accumulation and recovery of down‐dip curvature through the combination of normal‐faulting and thrust‐faulting earthquakes. In the idealized case, where the bulk internal deformation is recovered and slabs descend as a straight plate into the deeper mantle, we might expect the seismic moment released in both extension and compression to balance. However, a number of factors may complicate this: the thermal, compositional, and rheological evolution of the slab as it subducts, changes in the proportion of deformation accommodated seismically, and whether the slab undergoes any permanent deformation. These factors may result in intraslab deformation and seismicity unrelated to the slab curvature. Here, we assess earthquake moment release in intraslab settings around the world, focusing on those subduction systems with relatively simple slab geometries. Consideration of several regions around the western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean indicates that substantially more deformation is accommodated seismically during bending than during unbending, and that in both settings, significantly more moment release reflects down‐dip extension than down‐dip compression. This suggests that, although the location of seismicity is clearly related to changes in slab curvature, there is a component of permanent, unrecovered down‐dip extension in many subducting slabs.
Conditions to Preserve the Sedimentary Record of Channel Planforms in Temperate Rivers of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Słowik Marcin , Dezső József , Kovács János , Gałka Mariusz , Sipos György 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe aim to identify conditions that influence the preservation of a complete record of channel planforms in the topmost layer of floodplains, prior to the maintenance in the rock record. We have tested a hypothesis that a successive decrease of stream power and channel belt width are necessary to preserve the record of channel planforms in the topmost floodplain layer over 103 to 104‐year time scales. A literature review was conducted for rivers of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Stream power, valley, and channel belt widths, paleodischarges, sediment grain‐size, and age of paleochannels were used to identify four groups of rivers with preservation potential ranging from tens of thousands years to annual time scales. The decrease in stream power followed by sustained low stream power, and successive decrease of channel belt width were identified in rivers preserving a 103 to 104‐year record of channel planforms. River valleys with the record of at least two generations of paleochannels, and valley width/channel belt width ratios between 6 and 12, potentially preserve fluvial records over 103 to 104‐year time scales. We analyzed unusually well‐preserved records of channel planforms from the Obra and Sió Rivers (central Europe). A determination of trends in changes of stream power and channel belt widths based on an extensive set of geophysical, geological data, and sediment dating from earlier studies, confirmed the tested hypothesis. The proposed framework can be extended by fluvial records preserved by large, and coastal rivers, with the potential to include ancient fluvial records.