bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on the disparities in the identification and assessment of depression in Black adolescents and young adults. How can clinicians help to close the gap?
Authors: Lemonious Tonya , Codner Michelle , Pluhar Emily 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Depression among Black youth has been under-identified, misdiagnosed and undertreated leaving many Black youth to suffer with this potentially debilitating condition. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate how to appropriately identify and treat depression in Black adolescents. This review outlines the risk factors for the development of depression in Black adolescents, the barriers they face when attempting to access mental healthcare and culturally sensitive actions steps a primary care provider can take to help increase the appropriate diagnosis and ultimate treatment of depression in Black adolescents.

Recent findings
Depression can present differently in Black adolescents, which leads to its under identification or misdiagnosis. Moreover, in recent years, the rate of suicide among Black adolescents has been disproportionately rising faster compared to other race/ethnic groups. There have been multiple barriers identified that can be attributed to these findings such as provider mistrust, cultural stigma against seeking help for mental illness, lack of education in the Black community about how depression presents, and lack of financial resources to access mental healthcare.

Summary
By understanding the unique experiences and inequities faced by Black youth, a culturally responsive assessment can be performed as the crucial initial step in the diagnostic assessment of their depression.
County-Level Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Rates by Social Vulnerability, United States, 2014–2018
Authors: Copen Casey E. , Haderxhanaj Laura T. , Renfro Kaytlin J. , Loosier Penny S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We examined mean chlamydia and gonorrhea case rates from 2014 to 2018 by categorizing US counties by social vulnerability. Overall, these rates were approximately 1.0 to 2.4 times higher in high vulnerability counties than low vulnerability counties. Percentage change in case rates from low to high social vulnerability counties varied by sex, geographic region, and urbanicity.
Gaps in HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Continuum of Care Following State Partner Services for Massachusetts Primary and Secondary Syphilis Cases, 2017 to 2018
Authors: Argenyi Michael S. , Molotnikov Lauren E. , Leach Dylan H. , Roosevelt Kathleen A. , Klevens R. Monina , Hsu Katherine K. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces HIV acquisition. We used a PrEP continuum of care to measure impact of field epidemiologist-facilitated referrals for PrEP-naive infectious syphilis cases across multiple clinical and pharmacy sites of care.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 2017 to 2018 primary and secondary syphilis cases, medical charts, and pharmacy data to identify PrEP education, referral offer, referral acceptance, first visit, prescription pickup (PrEP initiation) and 2 to 3 months (PrEP persistence). The HIV seroconversion was determined using database match at syphilis diagnosis date and at 12 months. χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare demographic characteristics associated with steps with lower progression rates.

Results
Of 1077 syphilis cases, partner services engaged 662 of 787 (84%) HIV-negative cases; 490 were PrEP-naive, 266 received education, 166 were offered referral, 67 accepted referral, 30 attended an initial appointment, and 22 were prescribed PrEP. Of 16 with pharmacy data, 14 obtained medication, and 8 persisted on PrEP at 2 to 3 months. Continuum progression was lowest from (1) PrEP-naïve to receiving PrEP education, (2) offered referral to referral acceptance, and (3) referral acceptance to initial PrEP appointment. Men with male partners were more likely to receive PrEP education or accept a referral. Higher social vulnerability was associated with increased PrEP referral acceptance.

Conclusions
Few individuals accepted PrEP referrals and persisted on PrEP. Field and clinic data capture were inconsistent, possibly underestimating referral volume and impact of field engagement. Efforts aimed at increasing referral acceptance and clinic attendance may improve PrEP uptake especially among women and heterosexual men with syphilis.
The Somatoform Spectrum Within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology System: A Taxometric Test of the Latent Structure
Authors: Hartmann Jolina , Bräscher Anne-Kathrin , Forbush Kelsie T. , Sellbom Martin , Watson David , Witthöft Michael 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
The general understanding of disorders related to chronic somatic symptoms (e.g., somatic symptom disorder, functional somatic syndromes) is limited because of current categorical conceptualizations in traditional taxonomies. To improve clinical utility and validity, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology offers an empirically grounded dimensional approach. Therefore, the distribution of persistent somatic symptom distress observed in nature is highly relevant for informing decisions related to classification and treatment. This study analyzes the underlying structure of symptoms associated with the somatoform spectrum.

Method
Taxometric analyses were used to examine the latent status of the somatoform spectrum, which was measured via a dimensional questionnaire devised as part of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology scale development effort. We generated Comparison Curve Fit Index (CCFI) profile analyses across a clinical sample of psychotherapy outpatients (n = 487), a community sample of German adults (n = 451), and a student sample from New Zealand (n = 549).

Results
In the clinical sample (CCFI mean = 0.38) and in the student sample (CCFI mean = 0.36), a dimensional solution was clearly favored. Results in the community sample (CCFI mean = 0.51) were ambiguous.

Conclusions
Across the three independent samples, qualitatively distinct subgroups within the distribution of chronic somatic symptoms could not be identified. Therefore, continuous representations seemed to best represent the structure of somatic symptoms. Implications of these findings for etiology and treatment are discussed.
Chronic Stress, Genetic Risk, and Obesity in US Hispanic/Latinos: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Isasi Carmen R. , Moon Jee-Young , Gallo Linda C. , Qi Qibin , Wang Tao , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Llabre Maria M. , Khambaty Tasneem , Daviglus Martha , Estrella Mayra L. , Cai Jianwen , Kaplan Robert 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to investigate whether the association of chronic stress with obesity is independent of genetic risk and test whether it varies by the underlying genetic risk.

Methods
The analysis included data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a community-based study of Hispanic/Latinos living in four US communities (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; San Diego, CA). The sample consisted of 5336 women and 3231 men who attended the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos second in-person examination, had measures of obesity, and chronic stress, and were genotyped. Chronic stress burden was assessed by an eight-item scale. An overall polygenic risk score was calculated based on the summary statistics from GIANT and UK BioBank meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI) genome-wide association studies. Mixed-effect models were used to account for genetic relatedness and sampling design, as well as to adjust for potential confounders.

Results
A higher number of chronic stressors were associated with both BMI (β [log odds] = 0.31 [95% confidence interval = 0.23–0.38]) and obesity (β [log odds] = 0.10 [95% confidence interval = 0.07–0.13]), after adjustment for covariates and genetic risk. No interactions were found between chronic stress and the genetic risk score for BMI or obesity.

Conclusions
We did not find evidence for an interaction between chronic stress and polygenic risk score, which was not consistent with other publications that showed greater BMI or obesity in the groups with high stressors and elevated genetic risk.
Development of the Leapfrog Group’s Bar Code Medication Administration Standard to Address Hospital Inpatient Medication Safety
Authors: Austin J. Matthew , Bane Anne , Gooder Valerie , Saltsman Connie , Wilson Marisa , Stewart Kathryn Burggraf , Derk Jordan , Danforth Melissa , Michalek Christina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Medication errors are the most common type of error in hospitals and reflect a leading cause of avoidable harm to patients. Bar code medication administration (BCMA) systems are a technology designed to help intercept medication errors at the point of medication administration. This article describes the process of developing, testing, and refining a standard for BCMA adoption and use in U.S. hospitals, as measured through the Leapfrog Hospital Survey. Building on the published literature and an expert panel’s collective experience in studying, implementing, and using BCMA systems, the expert panel recommended a standard with 4 key domains. Leapfrog’s BCMA standard provides hospitals with a “how-to guide” on what best practice looks like for using BCMA to ensure safe medication administration at the bedside.
Portal Vein Resection in Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: Risk of Thrombosis and Radicality Determine Survival
Authors: Hackert Thilo , Klaiber Ulla , Hinz Ulf , Strunk Susanne , Loos Martin , Strobel Oliver , Berchtold Christoph , Kulu Yakup , Mehrabi Arianeb , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Schneider Martin , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the outcomes of pancreatic cancer [pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)] surgery with concomitant portal vein resection (PVR), focusing on the PVR type according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS).

Background:
Surgery offers the only chance for cure in PDAC. PVR is often performed for borderline or locally advanced tumors.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with PDAC operated between January 2006 and January 2018 were included. Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes were analyzed and tested for survival prediction.

Results:
Of 2265 PDAC resections, 1571 (69.4%) were standard resections and 694 (30.6%) were resections with PVR, including 149 (21.5%) tangential resections with venorrhaphy (ISGPS type 1), 21 (3.0%) resections with patch reconstruction (type 2), 491 (70.7%) end-to-end anastomoses (type 3), and 33 (4.8%) resections with graft interposition (type 4). The 90-day mortality rate was 2.6% after standard resection and 6.3% after resection with PVR (P<0.0001). Postoperative portal vein thrombosis and pancreas-specific surgical complications most frequently occurred after PVR with graft interposition (21.2% and 48.5%, respectively). In multivariable analysis, age 70 years and above, ASA stages 3/4, increased preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9, neoadjuvant treatment, total pancreatectomy, PVR, higher UICC stage, and R+ resections were significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival. Radical R0 (>1 mm) resection resulted in 23.3 months of median survival.

Conclusions:
This is the largest single-center, comparative cohort study of PVR in PDAC surgery, showing that postoperative morbidity correlates with the reconstruction type. When radical resection is achieved, thrombosis risk is outweighed by beneficial overall survival times of nearly 2 years.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Patients With Three Vessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: EL-Andari Ryaan , Nagendran Jeevan , Hong Yongzhe , Ali Imtiaz , Nagendran Jayan 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
Referral patterns and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were compared between 2 centers within 1 jurisdiction wherein only 1 center utilizes multidisciplinary review for all patients.

Background:
Management of advanced coronary artery disease often involves PCI and CABG for improvements in quality of life and survival. Indications exist for PCI and CABG, with CABG demonstrating benefit in three-vessel disease (TVD).

Methods:
A total of 27,961 patients underwent cardiac catheterization in 2 centers within the same single-payer health jurisdiction (Center A and B) from 2017 to 2018. Rates of PCI, CABG, and outcomes of 1-year mortality, rehospitalization, myocardial infarction, and stroke were compared.

Results:
More patients in Center A received PCI and less received CABG compared with Center B even among patients with TVD (P<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified Center B as protective for mortality for TVD patients (P<0.001) and those undergoing PCI (P=0.004), but not CABG (P=0.06). Center A’s 1-year mortality was increased for all patients (P=0.004) and those with TVD (P=0.011).

Conclusion:
Discordant outcomes exist between these 2 centers. While patients in Center A were more likely to undergo PCI than Center B and experienced decreased 1-year survival, the difference was not significant for CABG. In part, the differences are attributable to contrasting referral practices and the discrepant rates of PCI and CABG between centers. Review of all coronary artery disease patients with a multidisciplinary Heart Team including a surgical opinion may lead to a more evidence-based referral practice aligned with current clinical guidelines.
COVID-19 related stress and the risk of perforated peptic ulcer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ristiyanto Eko , Moenadjat Yefta , Kusumadewi Irmia , Lalisang Toar J.M. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is the fatal complication of peptic ulcer disease and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality of patients. Psychological stress significantly increases the risk of developing PPU. This coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes fear and uncertainty, increasing psychological stress and perceived stress. This study aims to analyze the effect of COVID-19 pandemic high psychological stress as a risk factor for developing PPU.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on all adult patients diagnosed and that underwent surgery for PPU from July 2017 to March 2021. The nonpandemic group consists of patients who underwent PPU surgery from July 2017 to February 2020 and the pandemic group from March 2020 to March 2021. Perceived stress is collected from the patient during the follow-up visit using an Indonesian version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 53 patients with PPU underwent surgery in our hospital. Twenty-five patients from the nonpandemic period and 28 patients during the pandemic period. There was a significant increase in postoperative complication or morbidity rate (78.5% vs. 52%; prevalence ratio: 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–2.31; P=0.041) in pandemic group. Stress level were also higher in the pandemic group compared with the nonpandemic group (42.1% vs. 5.6%; prevalence ratio: 7.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–54.69; P=0.006).

Conclusions:
COVID-19 pandemic impacts psychological stress, consequently increasing the risk of PPU and increasing morbidity.
Model-Informed Unsupervised Deep Learning Approaches to Frequency and Phase Correction of MRS Signals
Authors: Shamaei Amir M , Starcukova Jana , Pavlova Iveta , Starcuk Zenon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeA supervised deep learning (DL) approach for frequency-and-phase Correction (FPC) of MR spectroscopy (MRS) data recently showed encouraging results, but obtaining transients with labels for supervised learning is challenging. This work investigates the feasibility and efficiency of unsupervised DL-based FPC.MethodTwo novel DL-based FPC methods (deep learning-based Cr referencing [dCrR] and deep learning-based spectral registration [dSR]) which use a priori physics domain knowledge are presented. The proposed networks were trained, validated, and evaluated using simulated, phantom, and publicly accessible in-vivo MEGA-edited MRS data. The performance of our proposed FPC methods was compared to other generally used FPC methods, in terms of precision and time efficiency. A new measure was proposed in this study to evaluate the FPC method performance. The ability of each of our methods to carry out FPC at varying SNR levels was evaluated. A Monte Carlo (MC) study was carried out to investigate the performance of our proposed methods.ResultThe validation using low-SNR manipulated simulated data demonstrated that the proposed methods could perform FPC comparably to other methods. The evaluation showed that the dCrR method achieved the highest performance in phantom data. The applicability of the proposed method for FPC of GABA-edited in-vivo MRS data was demonstrated. Our proposed networks have the potential to reduce computation time significantly.ConclusionThe proposed physics-informed deep neural networks trained in an unsupervised manner with complex data can offer efficient FPC of MRS data in a shorter time.
Enteric glial cells of the two plexi of the enteric nervous system exhibit phenotypic and functional inter- and intra-heterogeneity
Authors: Melissa Touvron , Bradley Wieland A. , Mariant Chloe L. , Alex Hattenhauer R. , Van Landeghem Laurianne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEnteric glial cells (EGC) are a prominent cell type of all layers of the gut wall, virtually controlling all gastrointestinal functions. While the development of transgenic mice has led to major advances in understanding EGC biology, in vitro models are still fairly limited and do not allow for the robust and reproducible establishment of primary cultures discriminating EGC from the inner versus outer layers of the gut wall. Here we report a novel method to separately grow EGC from the inner and outer layers of the intestinal wall from the same mouse with a high degree of purity and cell heterogeneity. Our results indicate that EGC from the inner layers of the gut wall exhibit higher calcium response to ATP when compared to EGC from the outer layers. We also show that inner EGC cultures express lower levels of the transcription factor Sox 10 as compared to outer EGC cultures, which mirrors in situ differential expression of Sox10 in submucosal (inner) versus myenteric (outer) plexus assessed using wholemounts. Confocal microscopy analyses of wholemounts further demonstrate that a majority of calretinin-expressing ganglionic cells of the submucosal plexus express the EGC marker S-100β, while this population is marginally represented in ganglia of the myenteric plexus. Altogether this study describes a novel method of EGC primary cultures permitting for the first time to compare inner versus outer EGC and provides in vitro and ex vivo evidence that inner EGC and outer EGC are phenotypically and functionally distinct.
Silencing of ApoE with Divalent siRNAs Drives Activation of Immune Clearance Pathways and Improves Amyloid Pathology in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ferguson Chantal M. , Hildebrand Samuel , Godinho Bruno M.D.C , Buchwald Julianna , Echeverria Dimas , Coles Andrew , Grigorenko Anastasia , Vanjielli Lorenc , Sousa Jacquelyn , McHugh Nicholas , Hassler Matthew , Santarelli Francesco , Heneka Michael T. , Rogaev Evgeny , Khvorova Anastasia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe most common genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the APOE4 allele, with evidence for gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms. ApoE knockout in mice abrogates AD phenotypes but causes severe atherosclerosis due to the role of liver ApoE in cholesterol homeostasis. Previous attempts to inhibit brain-specific ApoE with anti-sense oligonucleotides only modestly reduced ApoE expression and had no effect on amyloid burden in adult AD mice. Here, we optimized a divalent small interfering RNA (di-siRNA) to selectively and potently silence ApoE in the brain. Silencing brain ApoE in AD mice significantly reduced amyloid plaque formation without affecting systemic cholesterol levels, confirming that brain and liver APOE pools are spatially and functionally distinct. Mechanistically, APOE appears to be a scaffold for beta-amyloid aggregation that limits clearance by microglia. Di-siRNAs from this study can be taken to pre-clinical and clinical trials to accelerate development of AD-modifying therapies and establish siRNA-based modulation of ApoE as a viable path towards therapeutic development.
Cerebrospinal fluid and blood profiles of transfer RNA fragments show age, sex and Parkinson’s disease-related changes
Authors: Paldor Iddo , Madrer Nimrod , Vaknine-Treidel Shani , Shulman Dana , Greenberg David S , Soreq Hermona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransfer RNA fragments (tRFs) have recently been shown to be an important family of small regulatory RNAs with diverse functions. Recent reports have revealed modified tRF blood levels in a number of nervous system conditions including epilepsy, ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about tRF levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To address this issue, we studied age, sex and Parkinson’s disease (PD) distributions of tRFs in the CSF and blood data of PD patients and healthy controls from the NIH and the PPMI small RNA-seq datasets. The higher levels of long tRFs were found in the CSF than in the blood. Furthermore, the CSF showed pronounced age-associated declines of the level of 3’-tRFs and i-tRFs and more pronounced differences between the sexes. Blood showed moderate elevation of 3’-tFs levels with age. In addition, different distinct sets of tRFs segregated PD patients from controls in the CSF and in the blood. Finally, we found enrichment of tRFs predicted to target cholinergic mRNAs (Cholino-tRFs) in the mitochondrial originated tRFs, raising the possibility that the neurodegeneration-related mitochondrial impairment may lead to deregulation of cholinergic tone. Our findings suggest that CSF expressed tRFs are not a mirror of blood tRFs but rather potentially reflect the cerebral changes. Further, both CSF and blood present modified levels of tRFs in a sex-, age-and disease-related manner, calling for including this important subset of small RNA regulators to future studies.