bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desymmetrization of N-Cbz glutarimides through N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis
Authors: Hu Zhouli , Wei Chenlong , Shi Qianqian , Hong Xianfang , Liu Jinhua , Zhou Xiangui , Han Jinna , Cao Wei , Gupta Ashis Kumar , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Wei Donghui , Fu Zhenqian , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, the catalysis ofN-heterocyclic carbenes has achieved significant advances. In this area, aldehydes, enals, and esters, are commonly employed as starting materials through various catalytic activation modes. However, NHC-activated strategy of amide and its derivatives remains elusive. Described herein is the realization of asymmetric desymmetrization of N-Cbz glutarimides with alcohols through an imide C-N bond cleavage under NHC organocatalysis. A structurally diverse set of enantioenriched 4-amido esters is generated with acceptable yields and high enantioselectivities. This method features mild reaction conditions, excellent substrate scope, and excellent atom economy. DFT calculations have been performed to explore the detailed reaction mechanism and the origin of the enantioselectivity, which indicate that the strength of the C-H···O hydrogen bond and C–H⋯π interactions should be responsible for the stereoselectivity. The current strategy could open a door for efficient construction of (R)-Rolipram with excellent stereoselectivity.
A reference single-cell regulomic and transcriptomic map of cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Qu Jiao , Yang Fa , Zhu Tao , Wang Yingshuo , Fang Wen , Ding Yan , Zhao Xue , Qi Xianjia , Xie Qiangmin , Chen Ming , Xu Qiang , Xie Yicheng , Sun Yang , Chen Dijun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNon-human primates are attractive laboratory animal models that accurately reflect both developmental and pathological features of humans. Here we present a compendium of cell types across multiple organs in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using both single-cell chromatin accessibility and RNA sequencing data. The integrated cell map enables in-depth dissection and comparison of molecular dynamics, cell-type compositions and cellular heterogeneity across multiple tissues and organs. Using single-cell transcriptomic data, we infer pseudotime cell trajectories and cell-cell communications to uncover key molecular signatures underlying their cellular processes. Furthermore, we identify various cell-specific cis-regulatory elements and construct organ-specific gene regulatory networks at the single-cell level. Finally, we perform comparative analyses of single-cell landscapes among mouse, monkey and human. We show that cynomolgus monkey has strikingly higher degree of similarities in terms of immune-associated gene expression patterns and cellular communications to human than mouse. Taken together, our study provides a valuable resource for non-human primate cell biology.
700,000 years of tropical Andean glaciation
Authors: Rodbell D. T. , Hatfield R. G. , Abbott M. B. , Chen C. Y. , Woods A. , Stoner J. S. , McGee D. , Tapia P. M. , Bush M. , Valero-Garcés B. L. , Lehmann S. B. , Mark S. Z. , Weidhaas N. C. , Hillman A. L. , Larsen D. J. , Delgado G. , Katz S. A. , Solada K. E. , Morey A. E. , Finkenbinder M. , Valencia B. , Rozas-Davila A. , Wattrus N. , Colman S. M. , Bustamante M. G. , Kück J. , Pierdominici S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOur understanding of the climatic teleconnections that drove ice-age cycles has been limited by a paucity of well-dated tropical records of glaciation that span several glacial–interglacial intervals. Glacial deposits offer discrete snapshots of glacier extent but cannot provide the continuous records required for detailed interhemispheric comparisons. By contrast, lakes located within glaciated catchments can provide continuous archives of upstream glacial activity, but few such records extend beyond the last glacial cycle. Here a piston core from Lake Junín in the uppermost Amazon basin provides the first, to our knowledge, continuous, independently dated archive of tropical glaciation spanning 700,000 years. We find that tropical glaciers tracked changes in global ice volume and followed a clear approximately 100,000-year periodicity. An enhancement in the extent of tropical Andean glaciers relative to global ice volume occurred between 200,000 and 400,000 years ago, during sustained intervals of regionally elevated hydrologic balance that modified the regular approximately 23,000-year pacing of monsoon-driven precipitation. Millennial-scale variations in the extent of tropical Andean glaciers during the last glacial cycle were driven by variations in regional monsoon strength that were linked to temperature perturbations in Greenland ice cores1; these interhemispheric connections may have existed during previous glacial cycles.
Emerging signals of declining forest resilience under climate change
Authors: Forzieri Giovanni , Dakos Vasilis , McDowell Nate G. , Ramdane Alkama , Cescatti Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractForest ecosystems depend on their capacity to withstand and recover from natural and anthropogenic perturbations (that is, their resilience)1. Experimental evidence of sudden increases in tree mortality is raising concerns about variation in forest resilience2, yet little is known about how it is evolving in response to climate change. Here we integrate satellite-based vegetation indices with machine learning to show how forest resilience, quantified in terms of critical slowing down indicators3–5, has changed during the period 2000–2020. We show that tropical, arid and temperate forests are experiencing a significant decline in resilience, probably related to increased water limitations and climate variability. By contrast, boreal forests show divergent local patterns with an average increasing trend in resilience, probably benefiting from warming and CO2 fertilization, which may outweigh the adverse effects of climate change. These patterns emerge consistently in both managed and intact forests, corroborating the existence of common large-scale climate drivers. Reductions in resilience are statistically linked to abrupt declines in forest primary productivity, occurring in response to slow drifting towards a critical resilience threshold. Approximately 23% of intact undisturbed forests, corresponding to 3.32 Pg C of gross primary productivity, have already reached a critical threshold and are experiencing a further degradation in resilience. Together, these signals reveal a widespread decline in the capacity of forests to withstand perturbation that should be accounted for in the design of land-based mitigation and adaptation plans.
Myctobase, a circumpolar database of mesopelagic fishes for new insights into deep pelagic prey fields
Authors: Woods Briannyn , Trebilco Rowan , Walters Andrea , Hindell Mark , Duhamel Guy , Flores Hauke , Moteki Masato , Pruvost Patrice , Reiss Christian , Saunders Ryan A. , Sutton Caroline , Gan Yi-Ming , Van de Putte Anton 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe global importance of mesopelagic fish is increasingly recognised, but they remain poorly studied. This is particularly true in the Southern Ocean, where mesopelagic fishes are both key predators and prey, but where the remote environment makes sampling challenging. Despite this, multiple national Antarctic research programs have undertaken regional sampling of mesopelagic fish over several decades. However, data are dispersed, and sampling methodologies often differ precluding comparisons and limiting synthetic analyses. We identified potential data holders by compiling a metadata catalogue of existing survey data for Southern Ocean mesopelagic fishes. Data holders contributed 17,491 occurrence and 11,190 abundance records from 4780 net hauls from 72 different research cruises. Data span across 37 years from 1991 to 2019 and include trait-based information (length, weight, maturity). The final dataset underwent quality control processes and detailed metadata was provided for each sampling event. This dataset can be accessed through Zenodo. Myctobase will enhance research capacity by providing the broadscale baseline data necessary for observing and modelling mesopelagic fishes.
Simulation of group testing scenarios can boost COVID-19 screening power
Authors: da Silva Vinicius Henrique , Goes Carolina Purcell , Trevisoli Priscila Anchieta , Lello Raquel , Clemente Luan Gaspar , de Almeida Talita Bonato , Petrini Juliana , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 has severely affected economies and health systems around the world. Mass testing could work as a powerful alternative to restrain disease dissemination, but the shortage of reagents is a limiting factor. A solution to optimize test usage relies on ‘grouping’ or ‘pooling’ strategies, which combine a set of individuals in a single reaction. To compare different group testing configurations, we developed the poolingr package, which performs an innovative hybrid in silico/in vitro approach to search for optimal testing configurations. We used 6759 viral load values, observed in 2389 positive individuals, to simulate a wide range of scenarios. We found that larger groups (>100) framed into multi-stage setups (up to six stages) could largely boost the power to detect spreaders. Although the boost was dependent on the disease prevalence, our method could point to cheaper grouping schemes to better mitigate COVID-19 dissemination through identification and quarantine recommendation for positive individuals.
Unconscious mind activates central cardiovascular network and promotes adaptation to microgravity possibly anti-aging during 1-year-long spaceflight
Authors: Otsuka Kuniaki , Cornelissen Germaine , Furukawa Satoshi , Shibata Koichi , Kubo Yutaka , Mizuno Koh , Aiba Tatsuya , Ohshima Hiroshi , Mukai Chiaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic cardiovascular regulatory system (β, 0.00013–0.02 Hz) did not adapt to microgravity after a 6-month spaceflight. The infraslow oscillation (ISO, 0.01–0.10 Hz) coordinating brain dynamics via thalamic astrocytes plays a key role in the adaptation to novel environments. We investigate the adaptive process of a healthy astronaut during a 12-month-long spaceflight by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in the LF (0.01–0.05 Hz) and MF1 (0.05–0.10 Hz) bands for two consecutive days on four occasions: before launch, at 1-month (ISS01) and 11-month (ISS02) in space, and after return to Earth. Alteration of β during ISS01 improved during ISS02 (P = 0.0167). During ISS01, LF and MF1 bands, reflecting default mode network (DMN) activity, started to increase at night (by 43.1% and 32.0%, respectively), when suprachiasmatic astrocytes are most active, followed by a 25.9% increase in MF1-band throughout the entire day during ISS02, larger at night (47.4%) than during daytime. Magnetic declination correlated positively with β during ISS01 (r = 0.6706, P < 0.0001) and ISS02 (r = 0.3958, P = 0.0095). Magnetic fluctuations may affect suprachiasmatic astrocytes, and the DMN involving ISOs and thalamic astrocytes may then be activated, first at night, then during the entire day, a mechanism that could perhaps promote an anti-aging effect noted in other investigations.
Exploratory analysis using machine learning of predictive factors for falls in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Suzuki Yasuhiro , Suzuki Hiroaki , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Yamada Yasunori , Yatoh Shigeru , Sugano Yoko , Iwasaki Hitoshi , Sekiya Motohiro , Yahagi Naoya , Hada Yasushi , Shimano Hitoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the status of falls and to identify important risk factors for falls in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) including the non-elderly. Participants were 316 persons with T2D who were assessed for medical history, laboratory data and physical capabilities during hospitalization and given a questionnaire on falls one year after discharge. Two different statistical models, logistic regression and random forest classifier, were used to identify the important predictors of falls. The response rate to the survey was 72%; of the 226 respondents, there were 129 males and 97 females (median age 62 years). The fall rate during the first year after discharge was 19%. Logistic regression revealed that knee extension strength, fasting C-peptide (F-CPR) level and dorsiflexion strength were independent predictors of falls. The random forest classifier placed grip strength, F-CPR, knee extension strength, dorsiflexion strength and proliferative diabetic retinopathy among the 5 most important variables for falls. Lower extremity muscle weakness, elevated F-CPR levels and reduced grip strength were shown to be important risk factors for falls in T2D. Analysis by random forest can identify new risk factors for falls in addition to logistic regression.
Assessing the rainfall infiltration on FOS via a new NSRM for a case study at high rock slope stability
Authors: Zhou Tianbai , Zhang Lingfan , Cheng Jian , Wang Jianming , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Maoyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAssessing the stability characteristics of high rock slope under rainfall via theoretical research, numerical simulation, and field monitoring is of great implications for safety construction in open-pit mine engineering. Thus, based on the Hoke-Brown criterion, instantaneous internal friction angle and cohesion of high-slope rock mass under high stress conditions were deduced, and a nonlinear strength reduction method for high rock slope was established. The safety factors of the open-pit mine were calculated by COMSOL Multiphysics, which considering the high rock southwest slope and detected rainfall in Dagushan Open-pit Mine, China. The results showed that high rock slope stability could be more accurately analyzed by the proposed method due to its full consideration of slope stress state effect compared with the equivalent Mohr- Coulomb method. When the slope is low, the difference between the calculation results of the equivalent Mohr- Coulomb method and the proposed method is small, but with the increase of the slope height, the difference between the two calculation results gradually increases. When the transient saturated is formed in the slope surface layer and gradually increases, the reduction rate of the factor of safety (FOS) gradually increases. When the total rainfall is the same, the effect of short-term heavy rainfall on slope stability is less than that of long-term ordinary rainfall. The results obtained form this work provided important insights into the stability of high rock slope and rainfall infiltration in open-pit mine, and the safety factor is crucial for guiding the mining process design.
Characterization of mitochondrial dysfunction due to laser damage by 2-photon FLIM microscopy
Authors: Alam Shagufta Rehman , Wallrabe Horst , Christopher Kathryn G. , Siller Karsten H. , Periasamy Ammasi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitochondria are the central organelles in cellular bio-energetics with key roles to play in energy metabolism and cell fate decisions. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging microscopy (FLIM) is used to track metabolic changes by following the intrinsic co-enzymes NAD(P)H and FAD, present in metabolic pathways. FLIM records-lifetimes and the relative fractions of free (unbound) and bound states of NAD(P)H and FAD are achieved by multiphoton excitation of a pulsed femto-second infra-red laser. Optimization of multiphoton laser power levels is critical to achieve sufficient photon counts for correct lifetime fitting while avoiding phototoxic effects. We have characterized two photon (2p) laser induced changes at the intra-cellular level, specifically in the mitochondria, where damage was assessed at rising 2p laser average power excitation. Our results show that NAD(P)H-a2%—the lifetime-based enzyme bound fraction, an indicator of mitochondrial OXPHOS activity is increased by rising average power, while inducing changes in the mitochondria at higher power levels, quantified by different probes. Treatment response tracked by means of NAD(P)H-a2% can be confounded by laser-induced damage producing the same effect. Our study demonstrates that 2p-laser power optimization is critical by characterizing changes in the mitochondria at increasing laser average power.
Autism-associated mutation in Hevin/Sparcl1 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress through structural instability
Authors: Taketomi Takumi , Yasuda Takunori , Morita Rikuri , Kim Jaehyun , Shigeta Yasuteru , Eroglu Cagla , Harada Ryuhei , Tsuruta Fuminori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHevin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is encoded by the SPARCL1 gene. Recent studies have shown that Hevin plays an important role in regulating synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Mutations in the SPARCL1 gene increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the molecular basis of how mutations in SPARCL1 increase the risk of ASD is not been fully understood. In this study, we show that one of the SPARCL1 mutations associated with ASD impairs normal Hevin secretion. We identified Hevin mutants lacking the EF-hand motif through analyzing ASD-related mice with vulnerable spliceosome functions. Hevin deletion mutants accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the activation of unfolded protein responses. We also found that a single amino acid substitution of Trp647 with Arg in the EF-hand motif associated with a familial case of ASD causes a similar phenotype in the EF-hand deletion mutant. Importantly, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that this single amino acid substitution triggers exposure of a hydrophobic amino acid to the surface, increasing the binding of Hevin with molecular chaperons, BIP. Taken together, these data suggest that the integrity of the EF-hand motif in Hevin is crucial for proper folding and that ASD-related mutations impair the export of Hevin from the ER. Our data provide a novel mechanism linking a point mutation in the SPARCL1 gene to the molecular and cellular characteristics involved in ASD.
Ensemble perception without phenomenal awareness of elements
Authors: Sekimoto Taisei , Motoyoshi Isamu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHumans efficiently recognize complex scenes by grouping multiple features and objects into ensembles. It has been suggested that ensemble processing does not require, or even impairs, conscious discrimination of individual element properties. The present study examined whether ensemble perception requires phenomenal awareness of elements. We asked observers to judge the mean orientation of a line-based texture pattern whose central region was made invisible by backward masks. Masks were composed of either a Mondrian pattern (Exp. 1) or of an annular contour (Exp. 2) which, unlike the Mondrian, did not overlap spatially with elements in the central region. In the Mondrian-mask experiment, perceived mean orientation was determined only by visible elements outside the central region. However, in the annular-mask experiment, perceived mean orientation matched the mean orientation of all elements, including invisible elements within the central region. Results suggest that the visual system can compute spatial ensembles even without phenomenal awareness of stimuli.
Lesion activity assessment of early caries using dye-enhanced quantitative light-induced fluorescence
Authors: Park Seok-Woo , Kang Si-Mook , Lee Hyung-Suk , Kim Sang-Kyeom , Lee Eun-Song , Kim Bo-Ra , de Josselin de Jong Elbert , Kim Baek-Il 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe aimed to determine whether dye-enhanced quantitative light-induced fluorescence (DEQLF), wherein porous structure of caries lesions is stained with a fluorescent dye, could quantitatively distinguish between active and inactive caries. A total of 126 bovine specimens were prepared to artificially simulate caries activity. Active caries were demineralized with 1% carbopol solution for 3 (A3), 5 (A5), and 10 days (A10). For inactive caries, half specimens in each group were remineralized with 2% NaF and reallocated into three groups (I3, I5, and I10, respectively). Wet specimens were dried with compressed air for 10 s and then dyed with 100-µM sodium fluorescein for 10 s. Fluorescence images of speicmens were captured with a QLF-digital 2 + Biluminator. Fluorescence intensity (ΔG) was measured in fluorescence images of dyed specimens. ΔG between active and inactive groups was compared using independent t-test, and ΔG among active groups (or inactive groups) were compared using ANOVA (α = 0.05). ΔG in the active groups was 33.7–59.0 higher than that in the inactive groups (P < 0.001). Except between I3 and I5, there was significant differences in ΔG according to the demineralization period (P < 0.001). DEQLF might be used to evaluate early caries activity, and longitudinally monitor changes in lesion activity.
Presence of specific SARS-COV2 antibodies in hemodialysis patients and their caregivers after the first wave of COVID-19
Authors: Robert Thomas , Lano Guillaume , Resseguier Noémie , Bobot Mickaël , Bouchouareb Dammar , Burtey Stéphane , de Lamballerie Xavier , Dhorne Jean , Dussol Bertrand , Duval Ariane , Faraut Julien , Fourié Toscane , Giaime Philippe , Hallah Mourad , Jaubert Dominique , Jéhel Océane , Legris Tristan , Liotatis Stéphane , Moal Valérie , Ninove Laetitia , Pedinielli Nathalie , Pelletier Marion , Romeu-Giannoli Manon , Saba Mariela , Sallée Marion , Samson Laurent , Saveanu Adriana , Scarfoglière Violaine , Sebahoun Pascale , Vial Romain , Von Kotze Clarissa , Brunet Philippe , Lebrun Gaëtan , Bataille Stanislas , Jourde-Chiche Noémie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk for severe COVID-19 and cannot comply with social distancing. SARS-COV2 seroprevalence in French patients and caregivers after the first wave of COVID-19 is unknown. SeroCOVIDial is a prospective study conducted between June and December 2020. SARS-COV2 seroprevalence was evaluated by a rapid serological test (BIOSYNEX) in HD patients and caregivers, and the presence or not of anti-SARS-COV2 neutralizing or non-neutralizing antibodies in patients was also determined by ELISA and seroneutralization. In June 2020, 451 HD patients and 238 caregivers were included. Overall SARS-COV2 seroprevalence was 8.4% (patients) and 6.7% (caregivers), and was 87.1% (patients) and 90.0% (caregivers) in participants with a previously documented SARS-COV2 infection. Overall seroprevalence reached 13.8% (patients) and 12.6% (caregivers) following the second epidemic wave. During the follow-up, 38 (8.4%) patients died (9 of COVID-19). Among the 44 (10.6%) patients who became infected, only two were seropositive at M0. The levels of anti-SARS-COV2 antibodies decreased over time in patients and caregivers. The BIOSYNEX test showed 82.9% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. Prevalence of anti-SARS-COV2 antibodies was low in HD patients and caregivers after the first epidemic wave but rose after the second wave. A rapid serological test showed good performances and could be useful for future monitoring of anti-SARS-COV2 antibodies.