bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HSP90 inhibitor 17‐AAG induced calcium‐mediated apoptosis in filarial parasites
Authors: Ahmad Faiyaz , Sharma Shweta , Yadav Smita , Rathaur Sushma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe available antifilarial medications are effective only against the larval stage of the filarial parasite. As a result, there is a pressing need for an adulticidal drug. The development of drugs requires the identification of molecular targets that are critical for parasite life. In this study, we observed the effect of 17‐N‐allyl‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin on the survival of adult filarial parasites. The 17‐N‐allyl‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG) is a derivative of geldanamycin (GA), which is an inhibitor of heat shock protein (HSP)90. It is less toxic as compared to geldanamycin. The motility and viability of the adult filarial parasite Setaria cervi were decreased on exposure to 17‐AAG at 2.5 and 5.0 μM/ml concentrations. The 17‐AAG treated parasites showed induction of oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased activity of various antioxidant enzymes like glutathione s‐transferase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and an increase in ROS production in comparison to control. Oxidative stress may lead to altered calcium homeostasis. Indeed, in 17‐AAG treated worms, there was a rise in calcium in the cytosol and mitochondria, as well as a decrease in the ER. We also observed enhanced activity of phospholipase C in the treated parasite, suggesting the opening of calcium channels located on the ER membrane. ER stress is marked by a reduced level of protein disulfide isomerase. Further, 17‐AAG treated worms showed an increase in apoptotic marker enzyme activities like calpain, cyt‐c, and caspase‐3. The 2D‐gel electrophoresis technique showed 142 protein spots in the control and 112 spots in the 17‐AAG treated parasite. Thus, 17‐AAG induced oxidative stress, and altered calcium, and proteostasis of parasites, which led to apoptosis.
Pleistocene–Holocene vicariance, not Anthropocene landscape change, explains the genetic structure of American black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in the American Southwest and northern Mexico
Authors: Gould Matthew J. , Cain James W. , Atwood Todd C. , Harding Larisa E. , Johnson Heather E. , Onorato Dave P. , Winslow Frederic S. , Roemer Gary W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe phylogeography of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) is characterized by isolation into glacial refugia, followed by population expansion and genetic admixture. Anthropogenic activities, including overharvest, habitat loss, and transportation infrastructure, have also influenced their landscape genetic structure. We describe the genetic structure of the American black bear in the American Southwest and northern Mexico and investigate how prehistoric and contemporary forces shaped genetic structure and influenced gene flow. Using a suite of microsatellites and a sample of 550 bears, we identified 14 subpopulations organized hierarchically following the distribution of ecoregions and mountain ranges containing black bear habitat. The pattern of subdivision we observed is more likely a product of postglacial habitat fragmentation during the Pleistocene and Holocene, rather than a consequence of contemporary anthropogenic barriers to movement during the Anthropocene. We used linear mixed‐effects models to quantify the relationship between landscape resistance and genetic distance among individuals, which indicated that both isolation by resistance and geographic distance govern gene flow. Gene flow was highest among subpopulations occupying large tracts of contiguous habitat, was reduced among subpopulations in the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago, where montane habitat exists within a lowland matrix of arid lands, and was essentially nonexistent between two isolated subpopulations. We found significant asymmetric gene flow supporting the hypothesis that bears expanded northward from a Pleistocene refugium located in the American Southwest and northern Mexico and that major highways were not yet affecting gene flow. The potential vulnerability of the species to climate change, transportation infrastructure, and the US–Mexico border wall highlights conservation challenges and opportunities for binational collaboration.
Reintroduced megaherbivores indirectly shape small‐mammal responses to moonlight
Authors: Guiden P. W. , Burke Angela , Fliginger Jessica , Rowland‐Schaefer Erin G. , Savage Kirstie , Jones Holly P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMoonlight structures activity patterns of many nocturnal species. Bright moonlight often limits the activity of nocturnal prey, but dense vegetation weakens this effect. Using 8 years of live‐trapping data, we asked whether reintroduced megaherbivores (Bison bison) indirectly altered moonlight avoidance by small mammals in tallgrass prairies. In plots with bison, plants intercepted 20% less light, allowing more moonlight to reach ground level. During nights with no moonlight, Peromyscus maniculatus activity was similar in plots with and without bison. During nights with peak moonlight, P. maniculatus activity was four times greater in plots without bison compared to plots with bison. Conversely, Microtus ochrogaster activity was twice as great during full moons compared to new moons, but only in plots with bison. We also equipped a subset of traps with temperature sensors to estimate trap‐entry time. Although M. ochrogaster was more active on bright nights, most activity occurred before moonrise or after moonset, avoiding periods of bright moonlight. We conclude that megaherbivores play an unappreciated but important indirect role in tallgrass prairies by inducing behavioral shifts in other animal species. Because overlap in activity patterns can predict the likelihood of predator–prey encounters, such activity shifts have important implications for trophic interactions throughout restored prairie food webs. Additional work to understand interspecific and intraspecific variation in response to moonlight may improve efforts to forecast changes in community assembly due to restoration and land‐use change.
Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Bis‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene Donors in TiO2 Sensitization for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Jain Nimisha , Mary Angelina , Dalal Pooja Munish , Sakla Rahul , Jose D. Amilan , Jain Mukesh , Naziruddin Abbas Raja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis report presents ruthenium (II) complexes featuring bis‐imidazole‐2‐ylidene donors and carboxylic acid‐functionalized terpyridine ligands (tpy−COOH or tpy4′−phenyl−COOH). We introduced the monodentate −NCS or pyridine carboxylate ligands into the coordination sphere to render sizeable changes in photo‐functional attributes. The coordination of the thiocyanate ligands to these ruthenium centers extends their absorption tails up to 800 nm. In contrast, the absorption bands of complexes featuring isonicotinic acid last only until 600 nm. Even though phenyl spacers at the acceptor end rendered a bathochromic shift in the λmax, in their absence, complexes exhibited a longer electron lifetime at the TiO2 photoanode. The complexes devoid of phenyl spacers show lower charge transfer resistance at the TiO2/electrolyte interface giving improved photon conversion efficiency (PCE) in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). Herein, we analyze the relationship between the structure and the light‐harvesting efficiency via a combined experimental and computational approach.
Assessing raw material diversity at Poverty Point (16WC5) using non‐destructive reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Sherman Simon P. , Parish Ryan M. , Greenlee Diana M. , Miller D. Shane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLithic raw material variation is valuable for assessing the scale of human mobility, differential access to and from raw material sources, and prehistoric exchange patterns. Recent advancements in non‐destructive reflectance spectroscopy have proven to be more accurate in provenance investigations compared with the macroscopic (visual) identification technique for lithic artifacts. Here, we use visible/near‐infrared reflectance and Fourier transform reflectance spectroscopy on a collection of 845 lithic bifaces at Poverty Point (16WC5) site in northeastern Louisiana, a UNESCO World Heritage site that is well‐known for the presence of nonlocal materials, including stone tools. This study describes the first systematic approach to analyzing and interpreting hyperspectral reflectance data for cryptocrystalline silicate (e.g., chert and flint) artifacts at Poverty Point site. The chert materials identified in this study reaffirm the idea that tool stones arriving at the Poverty Point site came from diverse geologic sources, covering an expansive geographic area.
Are Ethiopian women getting the recommended maternal health services? The analysis of Ethiopian mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019
Authors: Birhanu Frehiwot , Mideksa Gachana , Yitbarek Kiddus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsHealth services during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period play a pivotal role in the survival of both the mother and the baby. We, therefore, analyzed maternal health service utilization and the related drivers among women of childbearing age in Ethiopia.MethodsWe used secondary data from the 2019 Ethiopian mini Demographic and Health Survey. The survey was conducted in 11 regions, and 2 city administrations, in Ethiopia from March 21 to June 28, 2019. Maternal health service utilization was measured in terms of three dimensions including antenatal care (ANC), skilled delivery service, and postnatal care (PNC). Bi‐variable and multivariable logistic regression was used. We then fitted three separate models. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25; all analysis was adjusted for cluster and sample weight.ResultsA total of 2923, 3924, and 1899 women were included for ANC, delivery, and PNC utilization, respectively. The majority of 1802 (61.7%) women had a “good” antenatal care utilization, and it was explained by the level of maternal education, marital status, and wealth index. Nearly half, of 1899 (48.1%) of the women gave birth in a health facility, and it was associated with age, educational status, wealth index, the timing of first antenatal care, and the number of antenatal care contact. Finally, one third (33.7%) of them had adequate PNC utilization and it was associated with households having a television, the timing of first antenatal care, and the number of antenatal care contacts.ConclusionDespite the due emphasis on maternal health services by the Ethiopian government, the uptake of services is not optimal. Women empowerment and timely and adequate ANC contacts will prepare women for better uptake of services.
Short‐term clinical observations of belimumab in the treatment of recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wu Chunye , Gong Baoqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of belimumab in the treatment of recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsBetween January 2019 and February 2022, a total of 30 patients who had been recently diagnosed with SLE were selected for 6 months of belimumab treatment at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital. Laboratory test results and related adverse reactions were recorded at baseline and after treatment.ResultsParticipants' white blood cell counts and complement 3, complement 4, and hemoglobin levels were higher after treatment than at baseline. Participants' immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels, SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 scores, glucocorticoid doses, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and serum albumin/globulin ratios were lower after treatment. These differences were all statistically significant (p < .05).ConclusionBelimumab was safe and effective in patients recently diagnosed with SLE and might help to reduce the use of glucocorticoids and to improve anemia with few adverse reactions. Belimumab might be applied in the treatment of patients recently diagnosed with SLE with high disease activity.
Upregulation of microRNA‐762 suppresses the expression of GIPC3 in systemic lupus erythematosus and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yang Jijuan , Li Chun , Chi Shuhong , Wei Hongliang , Du Wenqing , Hu Qikuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), is a complex systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by variable course and multiple organ dysfunction. Our study aimed to identify crucial microRNA (miRNAs) in SLE and NPSLE.MethodsTotally 12 cases of serum specimens were collected from General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (SLE = 4, NPSLE = 4, control = 4). After miRNA sequencing, differential expression analysis, miRNA target prediction, and miRNA‐messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network construction were performed to identify the hub miRNAs. The expression of target gene was determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.ResultsThere were 79 and 59 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in NPSLE versus Control, and SLE versus Control, respectively. Among 35 overlapped DEmiRNAs, 5 upregulated miRNAs' (hsa‐miR‐762, hsa‐miR‐4270, hsa‐miR‐3663‐3p, hsa‐miR‐4778‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐4516) target genes were supported by at least six databases. The miRNA‐mRNA network indicated that core miRNA hsa‐miR‐762 regulated 1270 target genes. MiR‐762 was significantly upregulated in SLE and NPSLE, and over expression of miR‐762 significantly suppressed GIPC PDZ domain containing family member 3 (GIPC3) expression in SLE and NPSLE.ConclusionsUpregulation of hub miRNA miR‐762 can suppress the expression of GIPC3 in both SLE and NPSLE samples, which is probably involved in the development of SLE and NPSLE. Meanwhile, along with the development from SLE to NPSLE, miR‐762 exhibits higher expression.
Emerging influence of the RMB on currency markets in a transpiring tri‐polar international monetary system
Authors: Wang Peijie , Wang Ping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe up‐and‐coming influence of the RMB on currency co‐movements is examined in this paper, in the context of a transpiring tri‐polar international monetary system advocated in prior studies. The study is empirically conducted against the backdrop of a more variable RMB exchange rate regime, which enables the integration of the RMB into the international monetary system. The influence of the RMB is found most evident in Asia, being modest in Latin America while reaching Africa. The RMB co‐moves most with the currencies of countries that have large shares in trade with China considerably. Meanwhile, a residual‐based instrumental variables model is proposed in this study purposely for dealing with issues of common factor dominance, which prevails in currency co‐movements. The emerging influence of the RMB on currency co‐movements arises at the time when a multiple‐reserve currency system is coming, and the RMB is included as the third largest currency in the SDR basket. It is shored up by the improved infrastructure, strengthened central bank cooperation and expanded networks for cross‐border RMB payments and settlements. It is concluded that the RMB has increasingly integrated into the international monetary system as one of the major players, effecting currency market movements actively alongside the US dollar and euro.
Negative emodiversity is associated with emotional eating in adolescents: An examination of emotion dynamics in daily life
Authors: Heshmati Saeideh , DavyRomano Evie , Chow Christopher , Doan Stacey N. , Reynolds Kim D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmotional eating is a mental health concern, common in adolescents, that develops as a result of their tendency to use high‐energy food to regulate their fluctuating emotions. Due to their highly fluctuating emotional life, adolescents tend to have unique within‐person profiles of emotional experiences that change across moments and days, often lost in global assessments of emotions. Hence, it is imperative to examine individual differences in dynamics of emotions, as experienced in daily life, in relation to emotional eating in adolescents.MethodsIn an Ecological Momentary Assessment study, we examined individual differences in three within‐person dynamic characteristics (baseline levels, intraindividual variability, and emodiversity) of emotions in 158 dominantly Hispanic adolescents in the United States, aged 14–17 years old, predicting trait‐level emotional eating.ResultsResults indicated that higher negative emodiversity, baselines, and variability in stress were predictive of emotional eating in adolescents. When all considered together, negative emodiversity (i.e., variety of the types of negative emotions experienced in one's daily life) remained the only significant predictor of emotional eating.ConclusionsThis study affirms the importance of diversity in emotional experiences in relation to emotional eating, particularly in daily contexts of adolescents' lives. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between diversity (i.e., variety in types) in positive versus negative emotional experiences with regard to emotional eating. By taking into account the ecological validity of adolescents' daily lives and individual differences in dynamical changes in emotions, we are taking a step forward by shedding light on how the dynamics of negative emotions—in terms of within‐person baselines, variability, and diversity—might be related to general levels of emotional eating in adolescents.
Cardiorenal syndrome: Pathophysiology as a key to the therapeutic approach in an under‐diagnosed disease
Authors: Prastaro Maria , Nardi Ermanno , Paolillo Stefania , Santoro Ciro , Parlati Antonio L. M. , Gargiulo Paola , Basile Christian , Buonocore Davide , Esposito Giovanni , Filardi Pasquale Perrone 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiorenal syndrome is a clinical condition that impacts both the heart and the kidneys. One organ's chronic or acute impairment can lead to the other's chronic or acute dysregulation. The cardiorenal syndrome has been grouped into five subcategories that describe the etiology, pathophysiology, duration, and pattern of cardiac and renal dysfunction. This classification reflects the large spectrum of interrelated dysfunctions and underlines the bidirectional nature of heart‐kidney interactions. However, more evidence is needed to apply these early findings in medical practice. Understanding the relationship between these two organs during each organ's impairment has significant clinical implications that are relevant for therapy in both chronic and acute conditions. The epidemiology, definition, classification, pathophysiology, therapy, and outcome of each form of cardiorenal syndrome are all examined in this review.
Higher nursing care level is associated with higher incidence of blood culture contamination in the emergency department: A case–control study
Authors: Shigeno Ayami , Homma Yosuke , Matsumoto Taiga , Tanaka Shun , Onodera Ryuta , Oda Rentaro , Funakoshi Hiraku 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlood culture is critical in treating infectious diseases. This leads to unnecessary intervention, inappropriate antibiotic use, and excess cost. Few studies have tackled patient factors that could possibly affect contamination rates. This study aimed to explore the association between patients' nursing care levels and blood culture contamination.MethodsThis is a single‐centered, retrospective, case–control study of adult patients whose blood culture specimens were taken in the emergency department between April 2018 and July 2019. The study was conducted in an acute care community hospital in Japan. The case group included patients with false‐positive blood culture results with contamination; the control group included patients with true‐positive or true‐negative blood culture results without contamination. We randomly selected two control patients per case. Patients' age, gender, nursing care level, ambulance use, housing status, Glasgow Coma Scale, hospital arrival time, and puncture sites were obtained from the patients' medical charts.ResultsOf the 5130 patients, 686 patients got positive blood culture results. Of the 686 patients, 35 patients were included in the case group, and 70 were randomly selected from the noncontaminated group and included in the control. In multivariate analysis, patients with contaminated blood cultures had a higher nursing care level (adjusted odds ratio: 8.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.65–43.7; p = 0.01).ConclusionsA higher nursing care level is associated with a higher incidence of blood culture contamination in the emergency department. Careful and appropriate procedures are required for patients with a higher nursing care level.
Bridging therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on intention‐to‐treat outcomes
Authors: Di Martino Marcello , Ferraro Daniele , Pisaniello Donatella , Arenga Giuseppe , Falaschi Federica , Terrone Alfonso , Maniscalco Marilisa , Galeota Lanza Alfonso , Esposito Ciro , Vennarecci Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionLocoregional therapies are commonly used as bridging strategies to decrease the drop‐out of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) awaiting liver transplantation (LT). The present paper aims to assess the outcomes of bridging therapies in patients with HCC considered for LT according to an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) survival analysis.Material and methodsMedline and Web of Science databases were searched for reports published before May 2021. Papers assessing adult patients with HCC considered for LT and reporting ITT survival outcomes were included. Two reviewers independently identified, extracted the data, and evaluated the papers according to Newcastle‐Ottawa criteria. Outcomes analyzed were: drop‐out rate; time on the waiting list; 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival after LT and based on an ITT analysis.ResultsThe search identified 3106 records; six papers (1043 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Patients with HCC, listed for LT and submitted to bridging therapies presented a longer waiting time before LT (MD 3.77, 95% CI 2.07‐5.48) in comparison with the non‐interventional group. However, they presented a raised post LT after 1‐year (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.18‐3.41), 3‐years (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01‐2.15), and 5‐years (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06‐2.13) survival.ConclusionPatients submitted to bridging procedures, despite having a longer interval on the waiting list, presented better post‐LT survival outcomes. Bridging therapies for selected patients at low risk of post‐procedural complications and long expected intervals on the waiting list should be encouraged. However, further clinical trials should confirm the survival benefit of bridging therapies in patients with HCC listed for LT.