bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaplerotic flux into the Calvin–Benson cycle: hydrogen isotope evidence for in vivo occurrence in C3 metabolism
Authors: Wieloch Thomas , Augusti Angela , Schleucher Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

Summary

As the central carbon uptake pathway in photosynthetic cells, the Calvin–Benson cycle is among the most important biochemical cycles for life on Earth. A carbon flux of anaplerotic origin (i.e. through the chloroplast‐localized oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway) into the Calvin–Benson cycle was proposed recently.

Here, we measured intramolecular deuterium abundances in leaf starch of Helianthus annuus grown at varying ambient CO2 concentrations, Ca. Additionally, we modelled deuterium fractionations expected for the anaplerotic pathway and compared modelled with measured fractionations.

We report deuterium fractionation signals at H1 and H2 of starch glucose. Below a Ca change point, these signals increase with decreasing Ca consistent with modelled fractionations by anaplerotic flux. Under standard conditions (Ca = 450 ppm corresponding to intercellular CO2 concentrations, Ci, of 328 ppm), we estimate negligible anaplerotic flux. At Ca = 180 ppm (Ci = 140 ppm), more than 10% of the glucose‐6‐phosphate entering the starch biosynthesis pathway is diverted into the anaplerotic pathway.

In conclusion, we report evidence consistent with anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin–Benson cycle in vivo. We propose the flux may help to: maintain high levels of ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate under source‐limited growth conditions to facilitate photorespiratory nitrogen assimilation required to build‐up source strength; and counteract oxidative stress.
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: Review of published cases associated with head and neck/oral and maxillofacial procedures
Authors: Brooks John K. , Howland Kathryn E. , Coury Luke T. , Dyalram Donita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe objective of this article is to review the demographics, diagnostic criteria, etiopathogenesis, comorbidities and management of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPWS). In addition, the relevant cardiovascular outcomes of published cases involving head and neck/oral and maxillofacial procedures were summarized.Materials and MethodsA search of the PubMed database, restricted to human studies published in the English language literature, was performed from 1960 through July 2021 for articles.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 24 patients, totalling 25 dates of treatment, with WPWS concordant with head and neck/oral and maxillofacial procedures, predominately involving biopsy, tumour resection and extractions; significantly, 5 of whom, experienced their first episode of WPWS while undergoing treatment of the head and neck. None of the procedures resulted in patient death.ConclusionsPractitioners should be familiar with the clinical features of WPWS and be prepared to manage emergent cardiovascular deterioration. Electrocardiogram monitoring of this cohort is advised during head and neck/oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, particularly involving general anaesthesia. Breakthrough episodes of WPWS may still occur in patients who have previously undergone cardioconversion.
The relationship between nitrous oxide sedation and psychosocial factors in the pediatric outpatient setting
Authors: Moharrami Mohammad , Ali Samina , Dick Bruce D. , Moeinvaziri Fardad , Amin Maryam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundModerate sedation using nitrous oxide (N2O) has become common in pediatric dentistry. However, less is known regarding the role of patients' characteristics and psychosocial factors in their cooperative behavior during dental procedures with N2O.AimsThis study aimed to examine pediatric dental patients' behaviors while undergoing N2O sedation and to measure the associations between child's cooperative behavior and demographic, physiological responses, and psychosocial factors.MethodsIn this within‐subject observational study, participants received 40% N2O/O2, by nasal hood, for non‐surgical dental procedures. The main outcome measure was the extent of cooperative behaviors, as assessed by the Frankl scale at five timepoints, namely T1: pre‐administration of N2O, T2: post‐administration of N2O, T3: dental injection, T4: dental treatment, and T5: post‐procedure administration of 100% O2. Predictors included age, sex, psychosocial factors reported using the Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire and Spence Children Anxiety Scale, as well as pulse rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and generalized estimation equation were used for data analyses.ResultsIn 80 children with a mean age of 7.2 (2.2) years, administration of N2O was significantly associated with cooperative behaviors (odds ratio [OR]:2.62, confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–4.70, p = .001) when adjusted for other predictors. There was no interaction between any of the predictors and N2O sedation on behaviors. Except for the authoritative parenting style (OR: 1.96, CI: 1.16–3.31, p = .012), which predicted more cooperative behaviors, other predictors were not associated with behavioral outcomes.ConclusionIn children sedated with N2O, behavior was independent of the child's demographic and psychosocial factors. While sedated, demographics, vital signs, and anxiety did not contribute to behavior management. However, screening for parenting style may help predict the child's behavioral response.
SlowMo therapy, a new digital blended therapy for fear of harm from others: An account of therapy personalisation within a targeted intervention
Authors: Ward Thomas , Hardy Amy , Holm Rebecca , Collett Nicola , Rus‐Calafell Mar , Sacadura Catarina , McGourty Alison , Vella Claire , East Anna , Rea Michaela , Harding Helen , Emsley Richard , Greenwood Kathryn , Freeman Daniel , Fowler David , Kuipers Elizabeth , Bebbington Paul , Garety Philippa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesSlowMo therapy is a pioneering blended digital therapy for paranoia, augmenting face‐to‐face therapy with an interactive ‘webapp’ and a mobile app. A recent large‐scale trial demonstrated small–moderate effects on paranoia alongside improvements in self‐esteem, worry, well‐being and quality of life. This paper provides a comprehensive account of therapy personalisation within this targeted approach.DesignCase examples illustrate therapy delivery and descriptive data are presented on personalised thought content.MethodThought content was extracted from the webapp (n = 140 participants) and coded using newly devised categories: Worries: (1) Persecutory, (2) Negative social evaluation, (3) Negative self‐concept, (4) Loss/life stresses, (5) Sensory‐perceptual experiences and (6) Health anxieties. Safer thoughts: (1) Safer alternative (specific alternatives to worries), (2) Second‐wave (generalised) coping, (3) Positive self‐concept, (4) Positive activities and (5) Third‐wave (mindfulness‐based) coping. Data on therapy fidelity are also presented.ResultsWorries: ‘Persecutory’ (92.9% of people) and ‘Negative social evaluation’ (74.3%) were most common. ‘General worries/ life stresses’ (31.4%) and ‘Negative self‐concept’ (22.1%) were present in a significant minority; ‘Health anxieties’ (10%) and ‘Sensory‐perceptual’ (10%) were less common. Safer thoughts: ‘Second‐wave (general) coping’ (85%), ‘Safer alternatives’ (76.4%), ‘Positive self‐concept’ (65.7%) and ‘Positive activities’ (64.3%) were common with ‘Third‐wave’ (mindfulness) coping observed for 30%. Fidelity: Only three therapy withdrawals were therapy related. Session adherence was excellent (mean = 15.2/16; SD = 0.9). Behavioural work was conducted with 71% of people (119/168).ConclusionSlowMo therapy delivers a targeted yet personalised approach. Potential mechanisms of action extend beyond reasoning. Implications for cognitive models of paranoia and causal interventionist approaches are discussed.
Knowledge and barriers related to food insecurity screening in healthcare settings
Authors: Frost Kristen , Stafos Andrea , Metcalf Andrea L. , DeBourge Whitney , Friesen Mary , Bryant Renee , Lawver Leah , Bullock Jennifer , Williams Karen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveAssess healthcare professionals’ knowledge, referral practices, readiness, and barriers for food insecurity policy and practice implementation in Johnson County, Kansas.DesignAn expert panel of regional anti‐hunger advocates was convened to identify critical domains for instrument development.SampleThe questionnaire was disseminated via REDCap to approximately 2800 healthcare professionals.MeasurementsThe questionnaire was composed of 32 items related to demographics, general knowledge, referral knowledge, current practices, perceived challenges, and perceived advantages.ResultsSocial Workers’ knowledge regarding food insecurity and referral was statistically greater (p = .0001 and p = .0001, respectively) than other professional groups. By department, Primary Care and Care Coordination's knowledge regarding food insecurity and referral was statistically greater (p = .008 and p = .0001, respectively) than Ancillary Care. Ninety‐eight percent of respondents reported that food insecurity should be addressed in healthcare. Evaluation of the unique perspectives and needs related to food insecurity and perceived barriers of the healthcare providers serving the local population will guide an organization in building an implementation plan targeting the unique needs of the organization.Policy implicationsAs the need for food insecurity services grow during the coronavirus pandemic, this work can help build the foundation for better communication and awareness between healthcare, government, and community programs.
Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT‐A): Outcomes among sexual minorities at high risk for suicide
Authors: Poon Jennifer , Galione Janine N. , Grocott Lauren R. , Horowitz Karyn J. , Kudinova Anastacia Y. , Kim Kerri L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe alarming rates and pervasiveness of suicidal and self‐destructive behaviors (e.g., non‐suicidal self‐injury) among young sexual minorities represent a major public health concern. We set out to examine whether an empirically driven treatment for suicide and self‐harm, dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT‐A), provides benefits for adolescents who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or questioning (LGBQ). LGBQ adolescents (n = 16) were compared with non‐LGBQ peers (n = 23). Psychological measures were collected before and after participation in a comprehensive DBT‐A program. LGBQ participants demonstrated significant improvements in emotion regulation, depression, borderline symptoms, and coping strategies; changes were comparable to their heterosexual peers.
Infiltration of subcutaneous adipose layer into the dermal layer with aging
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu , Amano Satoshi , Matsuzaki Kyoichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe elasticity of the dermal layer decreases with aging, leading to ulcer formation and wrinkling, but the mechanism of this change is not fully understood, because it is difficult to access the complex three‐dimensional (3D) internal structure of the dermis.ObjectiveTo clarify age‐dependent changes in the overall 3D structure of the dermal layer by means of 3D analysis technology.MethodsWe observed sun‐protected human skin by means of X‐ray micro CT, identified the layers of the skin, and reconstructed the 3D structure on computer. Age‐dependent structural changes of the dermal layer were evaluated by statistical comparison of young and aged skin.ResultsHistological observations suggested the presence of two types of ectopic fat deposits, namely infiltrated subcutaneous fat and isolated fat, in the lower region of the reticular dermal layer in aged skin. To elucidate their nature, we observed skin specimens by X‐ray microCT. The epidermis, dermal layer, and subcutaneous adipose layer were well differentiated on CT images, and 3D skin was digitally reconstructed on computer. This method clearly showed that the isolated fat observed histologically was in fact connected to the subcutaneous fat, namely all ectopic fat is connected to the subcutaneous adipose layer. Statistical analysis showed that the severity of fat infiltration into dermal layer is significantly increased in aged skin compared with young skin.ConclusionOur findings indicate that subcutaneous fat infiltrates into the dermal layer of aged skin. Our 3D analysis approach is advantageous to understand changes of complex internal skin structures with aging.
The impact of pathogen‐reduced platelets in acute leukaemia treatment on the total blood product requirement: a subgroup analysis of an EFFIPAP randomised trial
Authors: Garban Frédéric , Vilotitch Antoine , Tiberghien Pierre , Bosson Jean Luc ,   for the EFFIPAP Study Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of pathogen‐reduced (PR) platelet transfusions on blood products requirement for clinical practice.BackgroundPR platelets are increasing in use as standard blood products. However, few randomised trials have evaluated their impact on bleeding control or prevention. Furthermore, PR platelets recirculate less than untreated platelets.MethodsA subgroup study of the randomised clinical trial EFFIPAP compared three arms of platelet preparations (PR: P‐PRP/PAS, additive solution: P‐PAS and plasma P‐P arms respectively). The subgroup of acute leukaemia patients, in their chemotherapy induction phase, included 392 patients (133 P‐PRP/PAS arm, 132 P‐PAS arm and 130 P‐P arm). Blood requirements were analysed across over periods of 7 days.ResultsThe number of platelet transfusions per week was significantly higher in the P‐PRP/PAS group 2.3 [1.6–3.3] compared to the control groups 1.9 [1.3–2.8] and 2.0 [1.3–3.0] for P‐P and P‐PAS groups respectively (p < 0.0001). However, the total number of platelets transfused per week was not different. The number of red blood cell concentrates (RBC) transfusion per week did not differ either.ConclusionIn a homogeneous group of patients, platelet pathogen reduction resulted in an increased number of platelet units transfused per week while having no impact on the total number of platelets transfused or the number of RBC transfusion; resulting to an average requirement of 2 RBC and 2–3 platelets transfusions per week of marrow aplasia.
TRPV1 in arteries enables a rapid myogenic tone
Authors: Phan Thieu X. , Ton Hoai T. , Gulyás Hajnalka , Pórszász Róbert , Tóth Attila , Russo Rebekah , Kay Matthew W. , Sahibzada Niaz , Ahern Gerard P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArterioles maintain blow flow by adjusting their diameter in response to changes in local blood pressure. In this process called the myogenic response, a vascular smooth muscle mechanosensor controls tone predominantly through altering the membrane potential. In general, myogenic responses occur slowly (minutes). In the heart and skeletal muscle, however, tone is activated rapidly (tens of seconds) and terminated by brief (100 ms) arterial constrictions. Previously, we identified extensive expression of TRPV1 in the smooth muscle of arterioles supplying skeletal muscle, heart and fat. Here we reveal a critical role for TRPV1 in the rapid myogenic tone of these tissues. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arterioles in vitro and in vivo, increased coronary flow in isolated hearts, and transiently decreased blood pressure. All of these pharmacologic effects were abolished by genetic disruption of TRPV1. Stretch of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells or raised intravascular pressure in arteries triggered Ca2+ signalling and vasoconstriction. The majority of these stretch‐responses were TRPV1‐mediated, with the remaining tone being inhibited by the TRPM4 antagonist, 9‐phenantrol. Notably, tone developed more quickly in arteries from wild‐type compared with TRPV1‐null mice. Furthermore, the immediate vasodilation following brief constriction of arterioles depended on TRPV1, consistent with a rapid deactivation of TRPV1. Pharmacologic experiments revealed that membrane stretch activates phospholipase C/protein kinase C signalling combined with heat to activate TRPV1, and in turn, L‐type Ca2+ channels. These results suggest a critical role, for TRPV1 in the dynamic regulation of myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle.Key points
We explored the physiological role of TRPV1 in vascular smooth muscle. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arterioles both ex vivo and in vivo, increased coronary perfusion and decreased systemic blood pressure.
Stretch of arteriolar myocytes and increases in intraluminal pressure in arteries triggered rapid Ca2+ signalling and vasoconstriction respectively. Pharmacologic and/or genetic disruption of TRPV1 significantly inhibited the magnitude and rate of these responses. Furthermore, disrupting TRPV1 blunted the rapid vasodilation evoked by arterial constriction.
Pharmacological experiments identified key roles for phospholipase C and protein kinase C, combined with temperature, in TRPV1‐dependent arterial tone.
These results show that TRPV1 in arteriolar myocytes dynamically regulates myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle.
Physicians’ characteristics and practices associated with the provision of cancer screening advice to their patients: the Spanish SUN cohort study
Authors: Sayon-Orea Carmen , Carlos Silvia , Rico-Campà Anaïs , Fernández-Montero Alejandro , de la Fuente-Arrillaga Carmen , Toledo Estefanía , Kales Stefanos , Martínez-González Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between cancer screening counselling provided by medical doctors to their patients and each doctor’s own anthropometrics, lifestyle, cancer screening practices, and personal and family history of cancer.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSubstudy including physicians participating in a Spanish cohort study with open enrolment.ParticipantsAmong 22 800 participants in the cohort as of May 2018, there were 2371 physicians who had replied to the cohort baseline questionnaire, had an email account and were younger than 65 years (retirement age in Spain). From this subsample, 890 replied to an online questionnaire focused on their clinical practices related to the counselling provided to their patients and to their prescription practices of preventive medications. Their mean age was 51.7 (SD 9.4) years and 48% were women.Outcome measuresFrequency of counselling given to their patients on specific practices of breast, colorectal and prostate cancer screenings.ResultsCounselling on cancer screening to their patients was provided by 65% of physicians in a scenario of colorectal cancer, 59% for prostate cancer and 58% for breast cancer. More frequent cancer screening counselling was associated with the specialties of family medicine (OR=9.4, 95% CI 5.1 to 17.1) and internal medicine (OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.7) as compared with other specialties. Recommending cancer screening was associated with more frequent counselling on smoking cessation (OR=3.7, 95% CI 2.6 to 5.4), having personally attended colorectal cancer screening (OR=2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.7) and prescribing blood pressure medication more often than their colleagues (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.7).ConclusionsAmong medical doctors, cancer screening counselling was provided to their patients more frequently for doctors with family medicine or internal medicine specialties and for physicians who regularly offered counselling on certain lifestyle behaviours, and those having personally attended colorectal cancer screening. Doctors’ own personal practices and knowledge of healthy lifestyles may help doctors to more frequently provide counselling on cancer screening to their patients.
Value-based care pathway for inflammatory bowel disease: a protocol for the multicentre longitudinal non-randomised parallel cluster IBD Value study with baseline period
Authors: van Linschoten Reinier Cornelis Anthonius , van Leeuwen Nikki , Nieboer Daan , Birnie Erwin , Scherpenzeel Menne , Verweij Karen Evelyne , de Jonge Vincent , Hazelzet Jan Antonius , van der Woude C. Janneke , West Rachel Louise , van Noord Desirée 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionBiologics are effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, unwarranted variation in processes and outcomes has been reported in the treatment of IBD. A care pathway for the treatment of IBD has the potential to reduce practice variation and improve outcomes. This study aims to compare the effect of a uniform care pathway for the treatment of patients with IBD with biologics to the current situation.Methods and analysisIBD Value is a longitudinal multicentre non-randomised parallel cluster trial with a baseline period. The study takes place in eight centres in the Netherlands. The baseline period will run for 12 months, after which the care pathway will be implemented in 6 of the 8 participating hospitals during the implementation phase of 3 months. Hereafter, the effect of the care pathway will be assessed for 12 months. Total study period is 27 months. The primary outcome is the effect of the care pathway on disease control (IBD-Control questionnaire). Secondary outcomes are the effect of the care pathway on the other outcomes of the International Consortium of Health Outcomes Measurement IBD standard set, health-related generic quality of life, patient experiences and degree of variation; cost effectiveness of the care pathway; and the variation between hospitals in the aforementioned outcomes in the baseline period. Outcomes will be measured every 6 months. The study started on 1 December 2020 and a minimum of 200 patients will be included.Ethics and disseminationThe study was deemed not to be subject to Dutch law (WMO; Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act) by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Erasmus MC, the Netherlands (registration number: MEC-2020–075) and a waiver was provided. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presented at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numberNL8276.