bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of resistance of soybean nodule bacteria strains to pesticide and osmotic stresses
Authors: Laktionov Yu V , Kosulnikov Yu V , Kozhemyakov A P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The increasing areas under leguminous crops and the general increase in the intensification of production force agricultural producers to combine seed inoculation and dressing in one step, carrying it out a few days before sowing. In this regard, it is of practical interest to study the resistance of rhizobia strains of inoculants to osmotic and chemical stresses, i.e. the nature of the dynamics of their viability on seeds and in contact with pesticides. The stability of two strains of soybean nodule bacteria (B. japonicum 634 and B. japonicum H9) to osmotic and chemical stresses (fungicidal mordants) was studied. According to the results of the study, pesticidal protectants had different toxicity degrees for the studied strains, which allowed them to be arranged in order of increasing toxicity for rhizobia: Baisad, VSK; Tirada, SK; Oplot, VSK). Soybean rhizobium strain B. japonicum H9 is defined as more osmotically and chemically stable, i.e., more adapted to modern agricultural technologies of soybean cultivation, which ensures the presence of at least 2·104CFU per 1 seed 9 days after inoculation, while the number of viable cells of strain B. japonicum 634b per 1 seed drops to 0 within 3 days after inoculation. Osmotic resistance of the strain allows for effective inoculation of seeds at least 9 days before sowing, and chemical resistance allows for effective combination of an inoculant based on this strain and all the pesticide protectants studied in this work into one working solution.
Agriculture as the main factor of food security in Russia
Authors: Zolkin A L , Amirova E F , Strigin B S , Kuzmin A M , Shamina S V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The leading role in the issue of ensuring the food security belongs to the agricultural sector, which, in the context of the introduction of anti-Russian economic sanctions, was forced to mobilize in a short time and begin to accelerate the production of those types of agricultural products, the deficit of which was previously filled by importing food products from abroad. The main and important thing for the development of all branches of the agro-industrial complex is the increase in the gross grain harvest. Grain production is one of the most important foundations of the crop industry and all agricultural production. There is a close relationship between grain production and certain sectors of the agro-industrial complex and industry. And the main strategic importance in the production of grain and ensuring the food security of our country is to solve a number of important issues - increasing and improvement of the efficiency of grain production, improvement of the gross yield of various grain crops, as well as expansion of sown areas in agriculture. According to many experts the importance of development of a strategy in agricultural production shall rely on its main feature - all production facilities and divisions of this industry are connected with the production of agricultural products as with the main specialization. An important principle, which shall be followed by the formation of a strategy for the development of the grain product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex, is the mandatory processing of its strategic goals with various factors that are determined by its natural and economic potential. The agrarian policy of modern Russia shall be comprehensive, based on sufficient funding and a stable legislative framework. Also it shall take into account the significant regional differentiation in the levels of agricultural development.
On the possibility of technosphere safety by superionic
Authors: Rakhymbekov A Zh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is an attempt to substantiate the possibility of using a new technology for cleaning the industrial atmosphere in a separate workshop of the Taldykorgan battery plant "Kainar AKB", which produces, in particular, powerful batteries for K–700 tractors for agriculture. The innovative technology of air purification proposed by us in the technosphere of the manufacture of batteries for the agricultural production complex is based on the use of transport ion-conducting properties of solid electrolytes made of stabilized zirconium dioxide. The traditional methods of industrial atmosphere purification in enterprises and factories known to us, in our opinion, are morally outdated in terms of bulky external dimensions, noise generation, and need for systematic maintenance. The installation developed by us from a superionic conductor is devoid of these disadvantages, it is low-inertia, does not create a noise effect, compact and small-sized. Our ion conducting solid electrolyte is a ceramic material in the form of pipes, test tubes, tablets, initially containing impurity cations of lower valence, such as calcium, yttrium, scandium, in comparison with zirconium. Actually, these impurity cations create the presence of vacancies or holes in the solid cubic structure of zirconium dioxide. Only oxygen anions will be transported through these vacancies under the effect of external factors, high temperature, and DC electric field. The research method is based on the measurement of the electromotive force, which is recorded at the boundary section: air/superionic/air, which is uniquely mathematically related to oxygen concentration in air stream.
Research of new Preventive maintenance materials based on automobile exhaust gas purification and PM2.5 absorption
Authors: Li Zhenxia , Guo Tengteng , Chen Yuanzhao , Yang Kun , Dong Xinyu , Wang Decai , Wang Jing , Jin Lihui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to reduce the harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmospheric environment, alleviate the pollution of automobile exhaust,this paper studies the preventive maintenance seal based on exhaust gas purification and PM2.5 adsorption. The optimal preparation process at the micrometer is determined by the ratio design at the micro-surfacing. Based on wet wheel wear test and rutting deformation test, the influence of environmental protection material content on wear resistance and high temperature stability of micro-surfacing was studied.A set of automobile exhaust pollutant purification test equipment was developed, and the test method was determined. The exhaust purification performance of environmental protection micro-surfacing and the adsorption effect of PM2.5 and 10 particles was studied. The microstructure of environmental protection materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanism of tail gas purification and PM2.5 particle adsorption was revealed.The results show that with the increase of nano TiO2/tourmaline composite content, the viscosity and high temperature stability of SBR modified emulsified asphalt evaporation residue are improved, but the ability to resist deformation at low temperature is slightly reduced.When the content of nano-TiO2/tourmaline is 7%,the wear resistance at the micro-surfacing increases by 4%, and the high temperature stability increases by 14.6%.The purification efficiency of various gas components in automobile exhaust by adding nano-TiO2/tourmaline composite micrometer reached 33.3% of hydrocarbons, 46% of carbon monoxide and 92.8% of nitrogen oxides, respectively. The adsorption effect of particulate component PM2.5and10 in automobile exhaust reached 29.9% and 25.2%, respectively.The nano-TiO2 aggregates loaded on the surface of tourmaline particles are uniformly dispersed, and the crystal forms are anatase and rutile. The permanent electric field generated by spontaneous permanent polarization of tourmaline can accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs and improve the redox ability of nano-TiO2.The permanent electric field of tourmaline and the permanent release of air negative ions can absorb and neutralize the charged suspended particles in the air, so as to achieve the purpose of settlement.
Effects of sawtooth heat pulses on edge flows and turbulence in a tokamak plasma
Authors: ZHAO 赵 Kaijun 开君 , NAGASHIMA Yoshihiko , GUO 郭 Zhibin 志彬 , DIAMOND Patrick H , DONG 董 Jiaqi 家齐 , YAN 严 Longwen 龙文 , ITOH Kimitaka , ITOH Sanae-I , LI 李 Xiaobo 晓博 , LI 李 Jiquan 继全 , FUJISAWA Akihide , INAGAKI Shigeru , CHENG 程 Jun 钧 , XU 许 Jianqiang 健强 , KOSUGA Yusuke , SASAKI Makoto , WANG 王 Zhengxiong 正汹 , ZHANG 张 Huaiqiang 怀强 , CHEN 陈 Yuqian 俞钱 , CAO 曹 Xiaogang 小岗 , YU 余 Deliang 德良 , LIU 刘 Yi 仪 , SONG 宋 Xianming 显明 , XIA 夏 Fan 凡 , WANG 王 Shuo 硕 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Enhancements of edge zonal flows, radial electric fields, and turbulence are observed in electron cyclotron resonance heating-heated plasmas (Zhao et al 2013 Nucl. Fusion
53 083011). In this paper, the effects of sawtooth heat pulses on flows and turbulence are presented. These experiments are performed using multiple Langmuir probe arrays in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak. The edge zonal flows, radial electric fields, and turbulence are all enhanced by sawteeth. Propagation of the zonal flow and turbulence intensities is also observed. The delay time of the maximal intensity of the electric fields, zonal flows, and turbulence with respect to the sawtooth crashes is estimated as ∼1 ms and comparable to that of the sawtooth-triggered intermediate phases. Not only the zonal flows but also the radial electric fields lag behind the turbulence. Furthermore, the intensities of both the zonal flows and electric fields nearly linearly increase/decrease with the increase/decrease of the turbulence intensity. A double-source predator–prey model analysis suggests that a relatively strong turbulence source may contribute to the dominant zonal flow formation during sawtooth cycles.
The set of zeros of the Riemann zeta function as the point spectrum of an operator
Authors: Kapustin V. 
Published: June 2022

A possible way of proving the Riemann hypothesis consists of constructing a selfadjoint operartor whose spectrum coincides with the set

{
z

:

|

Im
⁡
z

|

>

1
2

,

ζ

(

1
2

−
i
z

)

=
0
}

\{z\,: \, |\operatorname {Im}z|>\frac 12, \ \zeta \big (\frac {1}{2}-iz\big )=0\}

. In the paper we construct a rank-one perturbation of a selfadjoint operator related to a certain canonical system for which a similar property is fulfilled.
Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates the response to low nitrogen stress via autophagy and hormone pathways inMalus hupehensis
Authors: Li Danyang , Ding Yuduan , Cheng Li , Zhang Xiaoli , Cheng Siyuan , Ye Ying , Gao Yongchen , Qin Ying , Liu Zhu , Li Cuiying , Ma Fengwang , Gong Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTarget of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved master regulator in eukaryotes; it regulates cell proliferation and growth by integrating different signals. However, little is known about the function of TOR in perennial woody plants. Different concentrations of AZD8055 (an inhibitor of TOR) were used in this study to investigate the role of TOR in the response to low nitrogen (N) stress in the wild apple species Malus hupehensis. Low N stress inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis plants, and 1 μM AZD alleviated this effect. Plants supplied with 1 μM AZD had higher photosynthetic capacity, which promoted the accumulation of biomass, as well as higher contents of N and anthocyanins and lower content of starch. Exogenous application of 1 μM AZD also promoted the development of the root system. Plants supplied with at least 5 μM AZD displayed early leaf senescence. RNA-seq analysis indicated that TOR altered the expression of genes related to the low N stress response, such as genes involved in photosystem, starch metabolism, autophagy, and hormone metabolism. Further analysis revealed altered autophagy in plants supplied with AZD under low N stress; the metabolism of plant hormones also changed following AZD supplementation. In sum, our findings revealed that appropriate inhibition of TOR activated autophagy and jasmonic acid signaling in M. hupehensis, which allowed plants to cope with low N stress. Severe TOR inhibition resulted in the excessive accumulation of salicylic acid, which probably led to programmed cell death in M. hupehensis.
EcoPhysioMechanics: Integrating Energetics and Biomechanics to Understand Fish Locomotion under Climate Change
Authors: Di Santo Valentina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ecological physiologists and biomechanists have investigated swimming performance in a diversity of fishes; however, the connection between form, function, and energetics of locomotion has been rarely evaluated in the same system and under climate change scenarios. In this perspective, I argue that working within the framework of “EcoPhysioMechanics,” i.e. integrating energetics and biomechanics tools, to measure locomotor performance and behavior under different abiotic factors, improves our understanding of the mechanisms, limits and costs of movement. To demonstrate how EcoPhysioMechanics can be applied to locomotor studies, I outline how linking biomechanics and physiology allows us to understand how fishes may modulate their movement to achieve high speeds or reduce the costs of locomotion. I also discuss how the framework is necessary to quantify swimming capacity under climate change scenarios. Finally, I discuss current dearth of integrative studies and gaps in empirical datasets that are necessary to understand fish swimming under changing environments.
A novel apparent resistivity for land-based controlled-source electromagnetic method
Authors: Huang Xiangyu , Tang Jingtian , Xiao Xiao , Jiang Qiyun , Yang Zhi , Hu Shuanggui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Apparent resistivity is a significant tool in the controlled-source electromagnetic method (CSEM). The Cagniard apparent resistivity, which is defined by the ratio of the magnetic and electric fields, has been widely used in CSEM interpretation. However, it is only suitable for the far zone, where the signals are weak. Although another apparent resistivity based on horizontal electric field Ex can work in transition zone, its measurable zone is narrow. To better take the advantage of strong signals in non-far zone, we present a novel apparent resistivity by sophisticatedly combining the horizontal electric field and vertical magnetic field. We analyze the asymptotic characteristic of our apparent resistivity in the near and far zones using a theoretical formula. Synthetic data from the layered model show that when in the far zone, our apparent resistivity obtains the same performance as the Cagniard resistivity and Ex resistivity. Besides, our apparent resistivity can still wok well when azimuth approaches 45° in the tranzition zone. Field data collected in Tongling, China further demonstrate the practicability and advantages of our apparent resistivity.
Stability and dynamics of dendritic spines in macaque prefrontal cortex
Authors: Chen Ming , Qi Junqian , Poo Muming , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Formation and elimination of synapses reflect structural plasticity of neuronal connectivity. Here we performed high-resolution two-photon imaging of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex of four macaque monkeys and found that spines were in general highly stable, with low percentages undergoing synaptic turnover. By observing the same spines at weekly intervals, we found that newly formed spines were more susceptible to elimination, with only 40% persisting over a period of months. Analyses of spatial distribution of large numbers of spines revealed that spine distribution was neither uniform nor random, favoring inter-spine distances of 2–4 μm. Furthermore, spine formation and elimination occurred more often in low- and high-density dendritic segments, respectively, and preferentially within a hot zone of ∼4 μm from existing spines. Our results demonstrate long-term stability and spatially regulated spine dynamics in the macaque cortex and provide a structural basis for understanding neural circuit plasticity in the primate brain.
A Message for Humanity
Authors: Anderson James D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter challenges long-standing and conventional notions about the meaning Du Bois gave to his concept of the Talented Tenth. He borrowed this concept and embraced it as a conceptual framework for his peculiar vision of Black cultural self-realization. In general, cultural self-realization meant the recognition and stewardship of the philosophical, literary, and aesthetic values made evident in Black folk culture. Unfortunately, scholars and pundits alike conflated Du Bois’s Talented Tenth concept with his general philosophy of Black education. Over time it became commonplace to contrast Du Bois’s Talented Tenth concept against Booker T. Washington’s industrial education philosophy, always maintaining that Washington envisioned industrial education for the masses while Du Bois advocated liberal education for a select few. This essay, while paying brief attention to Du Bois’s philosophy of general education, aims primarily at restoring the meaning Du Bois gave to his concept of the Talented Tenth to its proper historical context: his lifelong struggle to achieve Black cultural equality.
The Cultural Perspective in Personality and Psychopathology Assessment
Authors: Laher Sumaya , Cheung Fanny M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Culture affects personality through the ways that people are represented psychologically. Global or etic approaches to the study of culture and personality compare universal dimensions across cultures, whereas focal or emic approaches interpret and identify indigenous dimensions on the basis of local phenomena and experiences. In this chapter, the etic and emic approaches are discussed, and the contributions of a combined emic–etic approach in developing a culturally relevant personality and psychopathology assessment based on the experience of the Cross-Cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory and the South African Personality Inventory are illustrated. This chapter reviews the relationship between culture and personality, and the factors that influence personality and psychopathology assessment across cultures, making reference to practical and methodological challenges. The chapter highlights the need for cross-cultural research to consider multiple methods of personality and psychopathology assessment beyond self-report inventories, particularly performance-based assessments and interviews using the principles of therapeutic assessment. The chapter argues for current techniques to take cognizance of understandings of personality and psychopathology beyond Western contexts and to adopt a more inclusive stance in research and practice. The chapter further highlights the need for incorporating cross-cultural training as an integral part of psychology in order to enhance the cultural relevance in practice and research in personality and psychopathology assessment.
The Central American Novel
Authors: Buiza Nanci 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of the novel in Central America from the late nineteenth century to the present. It begins at the moment when romanticism and modernismo are on the wane and Central American writers begin to take up the tradition of social realism to engage with the region’s military regimes and agro-export dependency. From there, the chapter examines the rise of the testimonial novel and the literary transformations that took place from the 1960s to the 1980s, as writers grappled with the wave of state terror and left-wing insurrections that overtook the region. Lastly, the chapter surveys the key novels that address the aftermath of war and the profound social transformations ushered in by Central America’s entry into neoliberal modernity.
Cognitive Defusion
Authors: Ruiz Francisco J. , Gil-Luciano Bárbara , Segura-Vargas Miguel A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article reviews the conceptualization and empirical evidence of the midlevel process called cognitive defusion. First, it presents examples of cognitive fusion and cognitive defusion definitions that are offered in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) manuals; discusses their relationships with other ACT midlevel processes; and offers a relational frame theory (RFT) conceptualization of these processes. Second, it describes the type of cognitive defusion exercises and discusses the basic processes involved in them. Third, it reviews the measurement of cognitive (de)fusion in the form of self-report instruments, behavioral measures, and assessment in the clinical session. Fourth, it reviews the research on cognitive (de)fusion separated in laboratory research, survey research, and the analysis of processes of change in clinical trials. Lastly, it discusses some challenges and future directions in conceptualizing and researching cognitive (de)fusion.
Corporate Networks
Authors: Babic Milan , Fichtner Jan , Heemskerk Eelke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
What is the role of (corporate) networks in International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship? Throughout its young history, the field has developed different conceptual and empirical approaches to answer this question. At the same time, corporate networks are still underappreciated as fora for political and economic change. This chapter argues that such underappreciation can be remedied by bringing in the insights and methodological advances of the “big data” revolution of the 2010s. Such an application can help in answering and bringing existing conceptual ideas to the fore. Beyond either using “networks” as an anecdotally illustrated metaphor or as a methodological tool only, this chapter proposes to develop new ways of combining long-standing theoretical problems with innovative empirical methods and applications. By surveying the literature on networks in IPE of the last decade, this chapter shows how the gap between theoretical and empirical accounts still persists, but is being increasingly bridged by contributions outside the “mainstream core” of IPE journals.
Heat shock protein 101 contributes to the thermotolerance of male meiosis in maize
Authors: Li Yunfei , Huang Yumin , Sun Huayue , Wang Tianyi , Ru Wei , Pan Lingling , Zhao Xiaoming , Dong Zhaobin , Huang Wei , Jin Weiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh temperatures interfere with meiotic recombination and the subsequent progression of meiosis in plants, but few genes involved in meiotic thermotolerance have been characterized. Here, we characterize a maize (Zea mays) classic dominant male-sterile mutant Ms42, which has defects in pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Ms42 encodes a member of the heat shock protein family, HSP101, which accumulates in pollen mother cells. Analysis of the dominant Ms42 mutant and hsp101 null mutants reveals that HSP101 functions in RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 loading, DSB repair, and subsequent meiosis. Consistent with these functions, overexpression of Hsp101 in anthers results in robust microspores with enhanced heat tolerance. These results demonstrate that HSP101 mediates thermotolerance during microsporogenesis, shedding light on the genetic basis underlying the adaptation of male meiocytes to high temperatures.