bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbal nanocosmecuticals: A review on cosmeceutical innovation
Authors: Vaishampayan Purva , Rane Meenal M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCosmeceuticals are drugs, cosmetics, or a combination of both. Cosmeceuticals are personal care products that not only beautify but also need to have healing, therapeutic, and disease‐fighting characteristics. For decades, phytocompounds have been employed in cosmeceuticals and have shown potential in applications such as moisturizing, sunscreen, antiaging, and hair‐based therapy. The inability of phytocompounds to easily penetrate through the skin and their instability limit their usage in cosmetic products. This can be overcome by incorporating nanotechnology into cosmetic products for a more stable and long‐lasting release. Nanotechnology's substantial impact on the cosmetics industry is due to the improved properties attained by particles at the nano scale, such as color, solubility, and transparency. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, and many varieties of nanoparticulate systems are commonly used in cosmetics. Safety concerns for the usage of nanomaterials in cosmeceuticals have been raised lately, hence causing the restriction on the use of nanomaterials by cosmetic companies and enforcing laws demanding thorough safety testing prior to market entry.AimThis review focuses on the types of nanomaterials used in phytocosmetics, along with the potential hazards they pose to human life and the environment, and what legislation has been enacted or can be enacted to address them.MethodsFor relevant literature, a literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Nanotechnology, cosmeceuticals, herbal cosmetics, and other related topics were researched and evaluated in articles published between 2016 and 2022.ResultsHerbal drugs provide a tremendous range of therapeutic benefits. And when nanoparticles were introduced to the personal care industry, the quality of the final product containing phyto‐compounds continued to rise. Unfortunately, because these nano components can permeate intact skin barriers and create unwanted consequences, this revolution comes with a slew of health risks.ConclusionThe cosmeceutical industry's expansion and growth in the application of herbal compounds, as well as the entrance of nanotechnology into the cosmeceuticals business, entail the urgent need for scientific research into their efficacy, safety profile, and use.
Early pregnancy vitamin D insufficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shang Min , Zhao Ningning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that a link existed between vitamin D levels in the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThe 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3levels were tested in the first trimester and pregnant outcomes were followed up in 1726 women.ResultsOnly 5.9% of pregnant women have sufficient 25(OH)D3. More women with GDM are in the status of 25(OH)D3insufficiency than women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (p < 0.05). Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.047, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.014–1.081), pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.132, 95%CI: 1.092–1.173) were risk factors of GDM while 25‐(OH) D3(OR: 0.979, 95%CI: 0.960–0.999) was a protective factor. After adjusted for maternal age and pre‐pregnancy BMI, 25(OH)D3insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) is an independent predictor of GDM (OR: 2.122, 95%CI: 1.084–4.155); 25(OH)D3level correlated with fasting blood glucose in the first trimester negatively.ConclusionVitamin D insufficiency in early pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk for GDM in Chinese women.
A smoothness optimization method for horizontal alignment considering ballasted track maintenance
Authors: Shi Jin , Zhang Yuxiao , Chen Yunfeng , Wang Yingjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a smoothness optimization method of horizontal alignment based on orthogonal least squares and the theory of controlling the track smoothness. With this method, multiple curve types can be fitted simultaneously according to the maintenance requirements, and the residual deviation in the track is optimized according to the smoothness standard. The target alignment of the tamping operation is constructed, providing support for the maintenance of the ballasted track. The implementation results show that the proposed method fully adapts to operating railway maintenance conditions, and the optimized design parameters resemble the field observation results. The lateral profile track quality index is reduced from 0.78 to 0.39, the amplitudes of the 10 and 60 m mid‐chord offset decrease by 73% and 52%, respectively, and the 30‐m vector distance difference decreased by 53%, indicating effective improvement.
Chronic illness and critical care—A qualitative exploration of family experience and need
Authors: O'Gara Geraldine , Wiseman Theresa , Doyle Anne‐Marie , Pattison Natalie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with chronic illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular disease are living longer and often require the support of critical care services. Current health care provision means patients may be discharged home once clinically stable despite still having high care demands including social, emotional, or physical needs. Families are often required to assume caregiving roles. Research into family burden using quantitative methods has increased awareness, however, little qualitative work exists and the development of support interventions for families is required.AimsTo explore the experience and needs of family members of people with an existing chronic illness who are admitted to the Critical Care Unit (CCU), and to identify the desired components of a family support intervention in the form of a resource toolkit.Study designA qualitative exploration of family experience and need, and content development for a resource toolkit using focus group methodology. Two focus groups and one face‐to‐face interview were conducted involving nine adult (≥18 years) family members of adult patients with chronic illness admitted to critical care in the preceding 9 months across two specialist hospitals in the UK. These were digitally recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed.ResultsFour themes were identified: importance of communication, need for support, trauma of chronic illness, and having to provide “Do‐it‐Yourself” care. The immense responsibility of families to provide care throughout the illness trajectory is highlighted. Understandable information is essential for a family support toolkit.ConclusionFamily members often view a critical care episode broadly from diagnosis through to recovery/rehabilitation. Basic communication training skills within critical care should be ensured, alongside coordination of simple solutions. The potential traumatic impact on families should be highlighted early within the pathway, and positive aspects used to harness essential family support. A simple and coordinated approach to a toolkit is preferred.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights that a critical care experience may impact broadly beyond CCU, and the importance of informing patients and families of this potential experience, prior to or on admission, to aid preparation. Further highlighted is the need for contemporaneous and accurate information from clinicians involved in care. Families report a better experience when there is good collaboration across critical care services and admitting clinical teams. Early involvement of families in overall discharge planning is essential to allow patients and families to adjust and plan for recovery.
Learning from critical care nurses' wartime experiences and their long‐term impacts
Authors: Segev Ronen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe history of critical care nursing is intertwined with that of battlefield nursing, where for almost 200 years, nurses worked to save injured soldiers' lives, risking their own physical and emotional injuries. Today, with nurses increasingly deployed to provide critical care during natural, man‐made and public health crises that can resemble battlefield situations, there is much to learn from battlefield nurses.AimThis qualitative study aims to explore the lessons of the experiences of civilian nurses deployed to Israeli battlefields in three wars between 1967 and 1982.MethodsQualitative, semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with twenty‐two former military nurses who were deployed in three wars between 1967 and 1982. We analysed interview transcripts using a content analysis approach. COREQ, a 32‐item checklist, guided method selection, data analysis and the findings' presentation.FindingsData analysis revealed three main themes, with ten related subthemes: Field Service Challenges, Coping with Challenges, and Nurses' Need for Recognition.ConclusionThe findings identify mental, emotional, and organizational issues resulting from nurses' wartime experiences, revealing numerous opportunities for better preparing and supporting critical care nurses before, during, and after crises.Relevance to Clinical PracticeCritical care nursing during crises, such as wartime, is unique but increasingly common. The memories and ongoing impact of those experiences offer invaluable information for nursing and health policy stakeholders planning for future deployments during wartime or other disasters such as the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russo‐Ukrainian war.
Virtual Tai Chi program for patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Proof‐of‐concept feasibility trial
Authors: Staller Kyle , Paz Mary , Rones Ramel , Macklin Eric A. , Garcia‐Fischer Isabelle , Murray Helen Burton , Kuo Braden 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSatisfaction with current treatment options for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) is low, with many patients turning to complementary treatments. Tai Chi is a mind–body medicine practice with proven efficacy in other functional disorders. As a proof‐of‐concept, we tested the feasibility and preliminary clinical outcomes associated with a Tai Chi program designed for IBS‐C.MethodsA total of 27 IBS‐C patients participated in a single‐arm trial of 8 sessions of Tai Chi delivered weekly over 7 weeks via live videoconferencing in group format. Clinical improvement was assessed via change in IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS‐SSS) from baseline to 4 weeks posttreatment (week 11) with secondary outcomes exploring symptom ratings, IBS‐related quality of life (IBS‐QOL), GI‐specific anxiety, abdominal distention, and psychological factors.Key ResultsDespite substantial dropout (n = 7; 26%), the treatment protocol had moderate to excellent feasibility for other criteria. Treatment satisfaction was excellent. Exit interviews confirmed high satisfaction with the program among completers, but a high burden of data collection was noted. One participant experienced an adverse event (mild, exacerbation of sciatica). There was a significant improvement in intra‐individual IBS‐SSS between baseline and posttreatment (average change −66.5, 95% CI −118.6 to −14.3, p = 0.01). Secondary outcomes were notable for improvements in other IBS symptom scoring measures, IBS‐QOL, measured abdominal diameter, and leg strength.Conclusions and InferencesOur data provide preliminary evidence of the feasibility of a Tai Chi intervention for IBS‐C, show promise for improving outcomes, and identify more streamlined data collection as an area for further program improvement.
Insights into the mechanism of diurnal variations in methane emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica
Authors: Takahashi Kenshi , Sakabe Ayaka , Azuma Wakana A. , Itoh Masayuki , Imai Tomoya , Matsumura Yasuki , Tateishi Makiko , Kosugi Yoshiko 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Recent studies have suggested that in certain environments, tree stems emit methane (CH4). This study explored the mechanism of CH4 emission from the stem surfaces of Alnus japonica in a riparian wetland. Stem CH4 emission rates and sap flux were monitored year‐round, and fine‐root anatomy was investigated.

CH4 emission rates were estimated using a closed‐chamber method. Sap flux was measured using Granier‐type thermal dissipation probes. Root anatomy was studied using both optical and cryo‐scanning electron microscopy.

CH4 emissions during the leafy season exhibited a diurnally changing component superimposed upon an underlying continuum in which the diurnal variation was in phase with sap flux. We propose a model in which stem CH4 emission involves at least two processes: a sap flux‐dependent component responsible for the diurnal changes, and a sap flux‐independent component responsible for the background continuum. The contribution ratios of the two processes are season‐dependent.

The background continuum possibly resulted from the diffusive transport of gaseous CH4 from the roots to the upper trunk. Root anatomy analysis indicated that the intercellular space of the cortex and empty xylem cells in fine roots could serve as a passageway for transport of gaseous CH4.
Lines for blast resistance genes with genetic background of Indica Group rice as international differential variety set
Authors: Fukuta Yoshimichi , Koide Yohei , Kobayashi Nobuya , Kato Hiroshi , Saito Hiroki , Telebanco‐Yanoria Mary Jeanie , Ebron Leodegario A. , Mercado‐Escueta Doris , Tsunematsu Hiroshi , Ando Ikuo , Fujita Daisuke , Obara Mitsuhiro , Tomita Asami , Hayashi Nagao , Imbe Tokio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwenty‐one near‐isogenic lines (NILs) for 18 resistance genes—Pia,Pii,Pi3,Pi5(t),Pik‐s(two lines from two donors),Pik‐m,Pi1,Pik‐h,Pik,Pik‐p,Pi7(t),Pi9(t),Piz,Piz‐5,Piz‐t,Pita‐2,Pita(three donors) andPi20(t)—to blast disease were developed through introduction into the genetic background of a semi‐dwarf susceptible rice line, US‐2, by recurrent backcross breeding. US‐2 is derived from a cross between an Indonesian Tropical Japonica Group cultivar, 'Kencana', and an improved high‐yielding and semi‐dwarf Indica Group cultivar, 'Takanari', bred in Japan. The reactions of US‐2 NILs to standard differential blast isolates were clearly defined than previous differential varieties (DVs) such as monogenic lines. US‐2 and its NILs are adapted well to wide environmental conditions from temperate to subtropical regions. They will be useful and easier to handle and manage as the first DV set with genetic background of Indica Group rice for pathology studies and as gene sources for rice breeding programme.
Conspiracy narratives in Russia: A search for identity, religious worldviews, and Russian politics
Authors: Panin Stanislav 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConspiracy thinking plays an important role in Russian culture. Contemporary Russian conspiracism inherits elements of the Cold War rhetoric, French anti‐Freemasonic literature, ideas of conservative Russian Orthodox thinkers and North American Christian writers. In today's Russia we see two distinct, although interconnected, types of conspiracy narratives—official and popular. Official narratives, which can be seen as a component of the new Russian ideology and civil religion, promote a patriotic sentiment in order to consolidate the nation and solidify political hierarchy through a sharp distinction between “traditional values” and the “depraved West.” Popular conspiracy narratives share similar characteristics but lean towards a thorough disbelief in institutions. From this perspective, elites worldwide, including Russia, participate in the conspiracy of governments and corporations. Because of this attitude, popular conspiracy narratives often conflict with official rhetoric even if at times official and popular narratives seem aligned.
Specification Analysis for Technology Use and Teenager Well-Being: Statistical Validity and a Bayesian Proposal
Authors: Semken Christoph , Rossell David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA key issue in science is assessing robustness to data analysis choices, while avoiding selective reporting and providing valid inference. Specification Curve Analysis is a tool intended to prevent selective reporting. Alas, when used for inference it can create severe biases and false positives, due to wrongly adjusting for covariates, and mask important treatment effect heterogeneity. As our motivating application, it led an influential study to conclude there is no relevant association between technology use and teenager mental well-being. We discuss these issues and propose a strategy for valid inference. Bayesian Specification Curve Analysis (BSCA) uses Bayesian Model Averaging to incorporate covariates and heterogeneous effects across treatments, outcomes and subpopulations. BSCA gives significantly different insights into teenager well-being, revealing that the association with technology differs by device, gender and who assesses well-being (teenagers or their parents).
‘It increases my ability to influence my ways of working’: A qualitative study on digitally mediated patient management in primary healthcare
Authors: Frennert Susanne , Erlingsdóttir Gudbjörg , Muhic Mirella , Rydenfält Christofer , Milos Nymberg Veronica , Ekman Björn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDigitally mediated primary healthcare is increasingly influencing working conditions, raising questions about how digitally mediated patient management is experienced.AimThe aim of this study was to generate insights, through the lens of postphenomenology, into how digitally mediated primary healthcare affects the work and working environment, by gathering perspectives from primary healthcare professionals who regularly manage patient errands through a digital platform.MethodsTwo rounds of interviews were conducted with a diversified sample of primary healthcare professionals at a primary healthcare centre. The first round of interviews was conducted during the initial phase of the deployment of a digital platform for patient management, with the second round conducted a year later (n = 24). The interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes relating to digitally mediated care work were identified: ‘positive feelings towards digitally mediated primary healthcare’, ‘seeing a positive work atmosphere as a prerequisite for change’, ‘experiencing increased control over the pace of workflow’ and ‘reconfiguration of previous problems’.Conclusion and relevance to clinical practiceBuilding on postphenomenology, our study adds to the understanding of how material and symbolic aspects mutually affect the mediating role of a digital platform for patient management. Thus, the results indicate that the experience of using digitally mediated care processes is conditioned by the discourse towards digitalisation at the workplace and the management's approach to and inclusion of employees in the digital transition of primary healthcare, as well as the usefulness and usability of the digital platform. The findings can inform both practice and policy.
The evolutionary patterns of barley pericentromeric chromosome regions, as shaped by linkage disequilibrium and domestication
Authors: Chen Yun‐Yu , Schreiber Miriam , Bayer Micha M. , Dawson Ian K. , Hedley Peter E. , Lei Li , Akhunova Alina , Liu Chaochih , Smith Kevin P. , Fay Justin C. , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Steffenson Brian J. , Morrell Peter L. , Waugh Robbie , Russell Joanne R. 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYThe distribution of recombination events along large cereal chromosomes is uneven and is generally restricted to gene‐rich telomeric ends. To understand how the lack of recombination affects diversity in the large pericentromeric regions, we analysed deep exome capture data from a final panel of 815 Hordeum vulgare (barley) cultivars, landraces and wild barleys, sampled from across their eco‐geographical ranges. We defined and compared variant data across the pericentromeric and non‐pericentromeric regions, observing a clear partitioning of diversity both within and between chromosomes and germplasm groups. Dramatically reduced diversity was found in the pericentromeres of both cultivars and landraces when compared with wild barley. We observed a mixture of completely and partially differentiated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between domesticated and wild gene pools, suggesting that domesticated gene pools were derived from multiple wild ancestors. Patterns of genome‐wide linkage disequilibrium, haplotype block size and number, and variant frequency within blocks showed clear contrasts among individual chromosomes and between cultivars and wild barleys. Although most cultivar chromosomes shared a single major pericentromeric haplotype, chromosome 7H clearly differentiated the two‐row and six‐row types associated with different geographical origins. Within the pericentromeric regions we identified 22 387 non‐synonymous SNPs, 92 of which were fixed for alternative alleles in cultivar versus wild accessions. Surprisingly, only 29 SNPs found exclusively in the cultivars were predicted to be ‘highly deleterious’. Overall, our data reveal an unconventional pericentromeric genetic landscape among distinct barley gene pools, with different evolutionary processes driving domestication and diversification.
An Intracortical Polyimide Microprobe With Piezoelectric-Based Stiffness Control
Authors: Sharafkhani Naser , Orwa Julius O. , Adams Scott D. , Long John M. , Lissorgues Gaëlle , Rousseau Lionel , Kouzani Abbas Z. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Insertion of a microprobe into the brain is challenging because it needs to have a minimum stiffness to be successfully implanted and a maximum softness to exhibit compliance with surrounding neural tissue during operation. A microprobe’s critical buckling force not only dictates the microprobe resistance to buckling during insertion but also reveals the corresponding compliance during operation. The methods that are currently used to insert flexible microprobes into the brain are far from perfect because they may adversely affect the microprobe intrinsic softness. In this article, a piezoelectric-based mechanism is presented, theoretically modeled, and simulated to precisely adjust the critical buckling force of a polyimide microprobe during insertion into the brain. Two parallel piezoelectric layers are extended along the length of a polyimide microprobe and connected to a voltage source. Based on analytical modeling and simulation results, placing the piezoelectric layers closer to the neutral axis of the structure leads to a microprobe with higher buckling capacity and greater compliance during insertion and operation, respectively. Depending on the applied voltage and the configurations of the microprobe and piezoelectric layers, the critical buckling force of the modified polyimide microprobe can be adjusted from less than 0.02 mN to higher than the minimum brain penetration force of 0.5 mN, compared to a fixed critical buckling force of a polyimide microprobe without the piezoelectric layer.
Reflections on Designing in the Wild: How Theories of Design Information Manifest in Practice
Authors: Damen Nicole B. , Toh Christine A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Information acquisition, utilization, and communication are integral to the design process, but systematic investigation of information behavior is complicated by its variety and the ways in which designers engage with information throughout the design process. Our previous work developed a theoretical framework to categorize the various types of information used during the design process, known as the Information Archetypes Framework. This article explores how these information dimensions manifest in design practice, as reflected on by experienced practicing designers. Deep qualitative analysis of eight interviews with practicing designers revealed that the designers intentionally adapt their behavior to match situation specific needs and navigate the tensions between information dimensions through trajectories and loops.