bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the intersection of structural racism and ageism in healthcare
Authors: Farrell Timothy W. , Hung William W. , Unroe Kathleen T. , Brown Teneille R. , Furman Christian D. , Jih Jane , Karani Reena , Mulhausen Paul , Nápoles Anna María , Nnodim Joseph O. , Upchurch Gina , Whittaker Chanel F. , Kim Anna , Lundebjerg Nancy E. , Rhodes Ramona L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe American Geriatrics Society (AGS) has consistently advocated for a healthcare system that meets the needs of older adults, including addressing impacts of ageism in healthcare. The intersection of structural racism and ageism compounds the disadvantage experienced by historically marginalized communities. Structural racism and ageism have long been ingrained in all aspects of US society, including healthcare. This intersection exacerbates disparities in social determinants of health, including poor access to healthcare and poor outcomes. These deeply rooted societal injustices have been brought to the forefront of the collective public consciousness at different points throughout history. The COVID‐19 pandemic laid bare and exacerbated existing inequities inflicted on historically marginalized communities. Ageist rhetoric and policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic further marginalized older adults. Although the detrimental impact of structural racism on health has been well‐documented in the literature, generative research on the intersection of structural racism and ageism is limited. The AGS is working to identify and dismantle the healthcare structures that create and perpetuate these combined injustices and, in so doing, create a more just US healthcare system. This paper is intended to provide an overview of important frameworks and guide future efforts to both identify and eliminate bias within healthcare delivery systems and health professions training with a particular focus on the intersection of structural racism and ageism.
Smoking habits do not affect biological responses induced by leucocyte and platelet‐rich fibrin in periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Ríos Susana , Álvarez Simón , Smith Patricio C. , Sáez Claudia G. , Andrade Catherine , Pinto Nelson , Martínez Constanza E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLeucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin has been developed to stimulate wound healing response. However, it is currently unknown whether smoking affects the biological responses elicited by leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin on periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells. This study analyzes the kinetics of biomolecule release from leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin derived from smokers and nonsmokers and their effect on periodontal ligament cell proliferation and migration as essential biological activities during wound healing.MethodsBiomolecules present in leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin exudates and conditioned media collected from smokers and nonsmokers were analyzed by Luminex arrays. Periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell obtained from one nonsmoker were treated with leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin exudates or leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media derived from both smokers and nonsmokers. The parameters evaluated included cell proliferation, determined by Ki67 immunostaining and migration assessed using transwell assays. Also, cells were treated with nicotine in the presence of fetal bovine serum 10% or leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media.ResultsA similar biomolecular profile was detected in leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin exudates and leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media from smokers and nonsmokers, stimulating (periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell) proliferation, and migration to a comparable degree. Nicotine reduced cell proliferation and migration of periodontal cells; however, this effect was recovered in the presence of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin conditioned media.ConclusionLeucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin derived from smokers could be an autologous source of biomolecules to stimulate cell biological activities involved in wound healing in smokers who have difficulties in ceasing this habit. Clinical trials are required to evaluate the impact of leucocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin on healing responses in smokers.
iPS cells from Chediak‐Higashi syndrome patients recapitulate the giant granules in myeloid cells
Authors: Oh Shigeharu , Niwa Akira , Nagahashi Ayako , Asaka Isao , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Saito Megumu K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a congenital disease characterized by immunodeficiency, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, oculocutaneous albinism, and neurological symptoms. The presence of giant granules in peripheral blood leukocytes is an important hallmark of CHS. Here we prepared induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CHS patients (CHS‐iPSCs) and differentiated them into hematopoietic cells to model the disease phenotypes.MethodsFibroblasts were obtained from two CHS patients and then reprogrammed into iPSCs. The iPSCs were differentiated into myeloid cells; the size of the cytosolic granules was quantified by May‐Grunwald Giemsa staining and myeloperoxidase staining.ResultsTwo clones of iPSCs were established from each patient. The differentiation efficiency to CD33+CD45+ myeloid cells was not significantly different in CHS‐iPSCs compared with control iPSCs, but significantly larger granules were observed.ConclusionsWe succeeded in reproducing a characteristic cellular phenotype, giant granules in myeloid cells, using CHS‐iPSCs, demonstrating that iPSCs can be used to model the pathogenesis of CHS patients.
Physical Activity Level of Physically Independent Older Adults in a Densely Populated City
Authors: Lee Linda Yin-king , Pang Rebecca Cho-kwan , Tiu Mimi Mei-ha 
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to estimate older adults’ physical activity level in all types and categories of physical activities and calculate their total physical activity level. This cross-sectional descriptive study estimated the physical activity level of older adults on a quota sample of 500 physically independent older adults living in a densely populated city (in this case, Hong Kong). It used the Physical Activity Questionnaire (Hong Kong version) to assess participants’ physical activity level. Based on the frequency, duration, and intensity of each type of physical activity being performed by the participants, their physical activity level in terms of energy expenditure (in kilocalories per day) for all types and categories of physical activities and the total physical activity level were calculated. Independent t test or analysis of variance, whatever appropriate, was used to examine the difference in the total physical activity level between participants with different individual characteristics. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the contribution of individual characteristics to the total physical activity level (p < .05). Results indicated that the participants mostly engaged in leisurely sitting, watching television, listening to radio, and leisurely walking. They spent the greatest amount of energy on the category of “leisure activity” (710.77 kcal/day). Their total physical activity level was 1,727.09 kcal/day, which was much less than previously reported. Linear regression indicates that age accounted for 3.1% of the variance of the total physical activity level (p = .001) with senior older adults warranting additional support. Future research is suggested to confirm the role of specific neighborhood-level factors on the physical activity performance of older adults.
Views of parents, adults born preterm and professionals on linkage of real-world data of preterm babies
Authors: Sawtell Mary , van Blankenstein Emily , Bilal Tahira , Hall Taralise , Juniper Lisa , Kotsoni Julia , Lee Juliette , Modi Neena , Battersby Cheryl 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo explore views of parents of preterm babies, adults born preterm and professionals, on the linkage of real-world health and education data for research on improving future outcomes of babies born preterm.DesignThree-stage mixed-methods participatory design involving focus groups, a national survey and interviews. Survey participants who expressed uncertainty or negative views were sampled purposively for invitation to interview. Mixed methods were used for data analysis.Setting and participantsAll data collection was online. Participants were: focus groups—17 parents; survey—499 parents, 44 adults born preterm (total 543); interviews—6 parents, 1 adult born preterm, 3 clinicians, 2 teachers.ResultsThree key themes were identified: (1) Data linkage and opt-out consent make sense for improving future outcomes. We found clear demand for better information on long-term outcomes and strong support for data linkage with opt-out consent as a means of achieving this. (2) Information requirements—what, how and when. There was support for providing information in different formats and discussing linkage near to, or following discharge from, the neonatal unit, but not sooner. (3) Looking to the future; the rights of young people. We identified a desire for individuals born preterm to be consulted in the future on the use of their data.ConclusionWith appropriate information provision, at the right time, parents, adults born preterm and professionals are supportive of data linkage for research, including where temporary identifiers and opt-out consent are used. Resources are being co-produced to improve communication about routine data linkage.
Impact of adalimumab in patients with active non-infectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis in real-life clinical practice: HOPE study
Authors: Pleyer Uwe , Al-Mutairi Salem , Murphy Conor C , Hamam Rola , Hammad Shereen , Nagy Orsolya , Szepessy Zsuzsanna , Guex-Crosier Yan , Julian Karina , Habot-Wilner Zohar , Androudi Sofia 
Published: October 2022

Background/Aim
This study evaluated real-life adalimumab impact in patients with active non-infectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis (NIIPPU).

Methods
Adults with active NIIPPU received adalimumab in this prospective, observational study (06/2017–04/2020). Patients were evaluated at baseline (V0) and four follow-up visits over 12 months (V1–V4). Primary endpoint: proportion of patients achieving quiescence (anterior chamber (AC) cells grade and vitreous haze (VH) grade≤0.5+ in both eyes, no new active chorioretinal lesions) at any follow-up visit. Secondary endpoints: proportion of patients achieving quiescence at each visit; proportion of patients maintaining response; and proportion of patients with flares. Workability, visual function, healthcare resource utilisation, and safety were evaluated.

Results
Full analysis set included 149 patients. Quiescence at any follow-up visit was achieved by 129/141 (91%) patients. Quiescence at individual visits was achieved by 99/145 (68%), 110/142 (77%), 102/131 (78%), and 99/128 (77%) patients at V1–V4, respectively. Number of patients in corticosteroid-free quiescence increased from 51/147 (35%; V1) to 67/128 (52%; V4; p<0.05). Proportion of patients with maintained response increased from 89/141 (63%; V2) to 92/121 (76%; V4; p<0.05) and proportion of patients with flare decreased from 25/145 (17%; V1) to 13/128 (10%; V4; p=0.092). Workability and visual function improved throughout the study. Proportion of patients with medical visits for uveitis decreased from 132/149 (89%; V0) to 27/127 (21%; V4). No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusion
These results demonstrated adalimumab effectiveness in improving quality of life while reducing economic burden of active NIIPPU.
Comparing switch to ocrelizumab, cladribine or natalizumab after fingolimod treatment cessation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zhu Chao , Zhou Zhen , Roos Izanne , Merlo Daniel , Kalincik Tomas , Ozakbas, Serkan , Skibina Olga , Kuhle Jens , Hodgkinson Suzanne , Boz Cavit , Alroughani Raed , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Barnett Michael , Izquierdo Guillermo , Prat Alexandre , Horakova Dana , Kubala Havrdova Eva , Macdonell Richard , Patti Francesco , Khoury Samia Joseph , Slee Mark , Karabudak Rana , Onofrj Marco , Van Pesch Vincent , Prevost Julie , Monif Mastura , Jokubaitis Vilija , van der Walt Anneke , Butzkueven Helmut 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundTo compare the effectiveness and treatment persistence of ocrelizumab, cladribine and natalizumab in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis switching from fingolimod.MethodsUsing data from MSBase registry, this multicentre cohort study included subjects who had used fingolimod for ≥6 months and then switched to ocrelizumab, cladribine or natalizumab within 3 months after fingolimod discontinuation. We analysed relapse and disability outcomes after balancing covariates using an inverse-probability-treatment-weighting method. Propensity scores for the three treatments were obtained using multinomial-logistic regression. Due to the smaller number of cladribine users, comparisons of disability outcomes were limited to natalizumab and ocrelizumab.ResultsOverall, 1045 patients switched to ocrelizumab (n=445), cladribine (n=76) or natalizumab (n=524) after fingolimod. The annualised relapse rate (ARR) for ocrelizumab was 0.07, natalizumab 0.11 and cladribine 0.25. Compared with natalizumab, the ARR ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 0.67 (0.47 to 0.96) for ocrelizumab and 2.31 (1.30 to 4.10) for cladribine; the hazard ratio (95% CI) for time to first relapse was 0.57 (0.40 to 0.83) for ocrelizumab and 1.18 (0.47 to 2.93) for cladribine. Ocrelizumab users had an 89% lower discontinuation rate (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.20) than natalizumab, but also a 51% lower probability of confirmed disability improvement (95% CI, 0.32 to 0.73). There was no difference in disability accumulation.ConclusionAfter fingolimod cessation, ocrelizumab and natalizumab were more effective in reducing relapses than cladribine. Due to the low ARRs in all three treatment groups, additional observation time is required to determine if statistical difference in ARRs results in long-term disability differences.
On the late-time tails of massive perturbations in spherically symmetric black holes
Authors: Qian Wei-Liang , Lin Kai , Shao Cai-Ying , Wang Bin , Yue Rui-Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt was first pointed out by Koyama and Tomimatsu that, under reasonable assumptions, the asymptotic late-time tails of massive scalar perturbations in the far zone of spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes decay universally as $$t^{-5/6}$$

t

-
5
/
6

. The late-time tail is furnished by the contribution from the branch cut of the frequency-domain Green’s function, which is constructed in terms of two appropriate solutions of the corresponding homogeneous equation. The present study focuses on some particular forms of the in-going wave that were not explicitly considered in the original derivations but nonetheless have been taken into account in the literature by other authors. In this regard, we reassess the authors’ arguments and provide a detailed complimentary analysis that covers a few specific aspects. For some particular cases, the tail is found to possess the form $$t^{-1}$$

t

-
1

. We also discuss the possible implications of the present findings.
FGF21–Sirtuin 3 Axis Confers the Protective Effects of Exercise Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Governing Mitochondrial Integrity
Authors: Jin Leigang , Geng Leiluo , Ying Lei , Shu Lingling , Ye Kevin , Yang Ranyao , Liu Yan , Wang Yao , Cai Yin , Jiang Xue , Wang Qin , Yan Xingqun , Liao Boya , Liu Jie , Duan Fuyu , Sweeney Gary , Woo Connie Wai Hong , Wang Yu , Xia Zhengyuan , Lian Qizhou , Xu Aimin 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Exercise is an effective nonpharmacological strategy to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) through poorly defined mechanisms. FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21), a peptide hormone with pleiotropic benefits on cardiometabolic homeostasis, has been identified as an exercise responsive factor. This study aims to investigate whether FGF21 signaling mediates the benefits of exercise on DCM, and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
The global or hepatocyte-specific FGF21 knockout mice, cardiomyocyte-selective β-klotho (the obligatory co-receptor for FGF21) knockout mice, and their wild-type littermates were subjected to high-fat diet feeding and injection of streptozotocin to induce DCM, followed by a 6-week exercise intervention and assessment of cardiac functions. Cardiac mitochondrial structure and function were assessed by electron microscopy, enzymatic assays, and measurements of fatty acid oxidation and ATP production. Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes were used to investigate the receptor and postreceptor signaling pathways conferring the protective effects of FGF21 against toxic lipids-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

Results:
Treadmill exercise markedly induced cardiac expression of β-klotho and significantly attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in wild-type mice, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial damage and increased activities of mitochondrial enzymes in hearts. However, such cardioprotective benefits of exercise were largely abrogated in mice with global or hepatocyte-selective ablation of FGF21, or cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of β-klotho. Mechanistically, exercise enhanced the cardiac actions of FGF21 to induce the expression of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 by AMPK-evoked phosphorylation of FOXO3, thereby reversing diabetes-induced hyperacetylation and functional impairments of a cluster of mitochondrial enzymes. FGF21 prevented toxic lipids-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by induction of the AMPK/FOXO3/SIRT3 signaling axis in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. Adeno-associated virus-mediated restoration of cardiac SIRT3 expression was sufficient to restore the responsiveness of diabetic FGF21 knockout mice to exercise in amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and DCM.

Conclusions:
The FGF21-SIRT3 axis mediates the protective effects of exercise against DCM by preserving mitochondrial integrity and represents a potential therapeutic target for DCM.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03240978.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined with insecticides against Bradysia odoriphaga larvae
Authors: Chang Doudou , Huang Minghui , Zhou Xianhong , Yu Yi , Wang Congli , Li Chunjie 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as an environmentally-friendly biocontrol agent in combination with low toxic insecticides can increase control efficacy against insect pests. In this study, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Sc-All) combined with four common insecticides was used to evaluate the control efficacy against chive root gnat (Bradysia odoriphaga), an important pest of vegetables, e.g., chive, onion or garlic. The compatibility of nematodes with insecticides and host-seeking behaviour were also evaluated by the laboratory bioassay. The results showed three insecticides (matrine, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos) at the recommended concentrations (RC), 10% RC or 2% RC and insecticide phoxim at 10% RC or 2% RC had no effect on nematodes survival. Sc-All at 50 infective juveniles (IJ) per insect larva in the presence of the four insecticides at 10% RC demonstrated a potentiated, additive or a synergistic effect on the corrected mortality rates of insect up to 100% (imidacloprid) when compared with the corresponding insecticide and Sc-All alone. A synergistic effect resulting in lethal effect was found as early as at 24 h when 200 IJ of Sc-All per insect larva were combined with 10% RC imidacloprid, whilst only 9.4% and 0 corrected mortality were detected, respectively, when exposed to the same amount of imidacloprid and Sc-All alone. For the first time a Pluronic gel system assay revealed that the presence of insecticides significantly improved Sc-All host-seeking ability as early as 30 min post exposure. The results indicated that low doses of Sc-All-imidacloprid combination would be an effective strategy to control chive root gnat.
Compensation between Resolved Wave Forcing and Parameterized Orographic Gravity Wave Drag in the Northern Hemisphere Winter Stratosphere Revealed in NCEP CFS Reanalysis Data
Authors: Yoo Ji-Hee , Chun Hye-Yeong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Compensation between the resolved wave (RW) forcing and the parameterized orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) accompanying barotropic/baroclinic (BT/BC) instability in the realistic atmosphere is investigated using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis data in the Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere. When sufficiently narrow and/or strong negative OGWD drives instability, RWs are generated in situ, providing positive Eliassen–Palm flux divergence that compensates for the parameterized OGWD enhancement; this is consistent with the findings of previous studies based on the idealized general circulation models. However, dependence of the compensation rate on RW forcing differs from the nearly complete compensation in the previous studies, implying that an additional mechanism operates for the compensation: the refractive-index modification by BT/BC instability. The negative meridional gradient of the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity leads to the negative refractive index squared for RWs with phase speeds less than the zonal-mean zonal wind. This prevents RWs from entering the destabilized areas, resulting in the divergence of Eliassen–Palm fluxes that cancels out the parameterized OGWD perturbation. Although both mechanisms act simultaneously, the refractive-index modification plays an important role in the compensation processes in the stratosphere where RWs are dominated by the planetary-scale waves.
Preliminary application of a 3D-printed track-guided precise drug delivery device for the sinuses after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Wang Jinping , Zhao Kezhong , Wang Zhou , Li An , Yang Shuangyuan , Wang Qin , Zhao Yuxiang , Tian Junwei 
Published: October 2022

Background Conventional treatment for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP) is usually limited; consequently, relapses occur frequently, accurate local drug delivery is currently a research area of major interest. Methods Based on postoperative nasal sinus computed tomography (CT) images, the 3D printing technique was used to design and fabricate a precise track-guided sinus drug delivery device. The control group was treated with glucocorticoids by nasal spray for 1 year according to the conventional method, while the experimental group received topical nasal glucocorticoids using the 3D-printed track-guided precise sinus drug delivery device for 1 year. Scores on the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scale and the Lund-Kennedy nasal endoscopic scale during reexamination at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the operation were used as the basis for evaluation. Results The follow-up duration was 12 months or more following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) with neosinus cavity formation. The two groups showed significant differences in SNOT-22 scores and nasal polyp Lund-Kennedy subscores at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year (p < 0.001) and no differences in plasma cortisol at 6 months and 1 year (p > 0.05). Conclusion Local drug administration using our 3D-printed precise sinus drug delivery device is superior to conventional nasal cavity administration in controlling eCRS recurrence.