bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and Characterization of a Small, Xylan/Cellulose-degrading GH43 Protein Derived from Biofertilizer Metagenome
Authors: Oraintara Atcha , Bhunaonin Pitak 
Published: November 2022

Background:
A putative glycosyl hydrolase gene biof1_09 was identified from a metagenomic fosmid library of local biofertilizers in previous report [1]. The gene is renamed as gh43kk in this study.

Methods:
The gene gh43kk, encoding a putative β-D-xylosidase was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed recombinant protein was purified by metal affinity chromatography. Its properties were initially verified by enzyme assay and thin layer chromatography (TLC).

Results:
The purified recombinant protein showed the highest catalytic activities at acidic pH 4 and 50°C toward beechwood xylan, followed by carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). TLC analysis indicated a release of xylose and glucose when xylan and CMC were treated with Gh43kk protein, respectively, whereas glucose and cellobiose were detected when avicel, cellulose and filter paper were used as substrates, suggesting its dual function as xylanase with cellulase activity. The enzyme indicated great stability in a temperature between 10 to 50 °C and a wide range of pH from 4 to 8. Enzyme activity of Gh43kk was enhanced in the presence of magnesium and manganese ions, while calcium ions, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) inhibited the enzyme activity.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that Gh43kk could be a potential candidate for application in various bioconversion processes.
In vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Four Selected Medicinal Plants against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Mieso District West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Yusuf Balisa , Abraha Bruk , Salih Kedir , Abdurahman Abdallahi , Alemu Sisay , Wondimu Anteneh , Bayu Yehualashet 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Bovine mastitis is a major disease mostly caused by bacterial infection and associated with losses in the global dairy industry. Since mastitis-causing bacterial developing multidrug resistance to conventional antibiotics, there is an admirable supplementary study on medicinal plants to use them as an alternative therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of four selected medicinal plants against Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods:
An experimental study was done to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extracts of four traditionally used medicinal plants against S. aureus. Standard phytochemical screening tests were conducted to detect the bioactive principle of plants. Agar well diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic plant extract. The broth dilution method was also used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts.

Results:
The percentage yields obtained from the root of Clerodandrum myricoides, Kalanchoe densiflora, Kalanchoe marmorata and leaf of Kalanchoe marmorata and Datura stramonium were 22.6%, 37.2%, 51.6%, 32.3% and 50.7%, respectively. Phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as tannins, phenols, and steroids in all plant extract, except in D. stramonium, while others like alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, and saponins were fairly detected in all samples. The agar well diffusion results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the mean zone of inhibition (ZOI) between each plant at different concentrations with significant potency comparable to gentamicin. C. myricoides and D. stramonium revealed the broadest spectrum of action yielding the highest ZOI (27.0 ± 0.58 mm), whereas K. marmorata leaf showed less activity with the lowest ZOI (22.3 ± 0.33 mm). The broth dilution method indicated that the MIC value of plant extracts against S. aureus ranged between 3.90 and 7.80 mg/ml while its corresponding MBC value ranged between 7.80 and 15.6 mg/ml. According to the MIC/MBC ratio, all tested plants (except K. densiflora) against standard S. aureus while C. myricoides and D. stramonium against clinical S. aureus isolate were determined to be bactericidal.

Conclusion:
This finding confirmed that all tested plants had a potential anti-staphylococcal effect. Thus, further study on in vivo experiments and cytotoxicity analyses must be conducted to suggest these plants as alternative mastitis treatments.
Stress Coping Styles in Family and Relatives of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in the South of Iran: Application of Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory of Stress Coping
Authors: Faryabi Reza , Rahimi Tahereh , Daneshi Salman , Movahed Ehsan , Yusefi Ali Reza , Shahrokhabadi Mohadeseh Shojaei , Chen Ding-Geng (Din) , Azaraeen Saeedeh , Clark Cain C. T. 
Published: November 2022

Background:The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge for mental health care systems and causes and exacerbates mental anxiety.Objective:This study sought to investigate the coping styles of stress in families and relatives of COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran, according to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional theory ‎of Stress coping ‎model.Methods:The present cross-sectional study was performed in the period from March 5 to July 5, 2020. Data collection was done electronically using a standard questionnaire on Lazarus and Folkman’s coping methods. Finally, the output data of the electronic questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:A total of 276 people participated in the present study. There was a statistically significant difference between age and all emotion-oriented coping style domains (P <0.05), except planful problem solving (P = 0.817) and positive reappraisal (P = 0.153). The results of the present study showed that from the emotion-oriented coping, the domain of self-controlling (%55.9) received an unfavorable score, but in the problem-oriented coping (60.02%), the two domains of social support (%71.27) and positive reappraisal (70%) obtained scores above 50%.Conclusion:Families and relatives need help to improve coping with stress in the area of self-controlling. The results of the present study showed that emotion-oriented coping (self-controlling) had less effect on family stress than problem-oriented coping (domains of social support and positive reappraisal). Also, with domains of social support and positive reappraisal, the stress in the families was reduced. Factors influencing coping styles were age, literacy, source of information, and underlying disease. Since the COVID-19 pandemic condition is a unique stressful situation, it is necessary to implement psychological and educational interventions to gain the ability to control stress, especially in relatives with COVID-19.
A Markov Chain Approach to the Pattern of Blood Donation Status at a Blood Service Centre in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chideme Coster , Chikobvu Delson 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Blood donors’ behaviour towards blood donation is not easily predictable and can be considered a stochastic random variable. A four-state Markov chain technique was defined and adopted in this study. The transition probabilities of blood donation within the four identified states, viz: new, regular, occasional, and lapsed donors were used to making further inferences about the dynamics in blood donation in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Objectives:
The paper presents a four-state Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC) model in analysing the changes in blood donation status over the four-year study period.

Methodology:
A transition probabilities matrix was developed and parameters estimated using the maximum likelihood method and two other approaches, and inferences were made based on the resultant transition matrix.

Results:
About 56% of new donors made at least one repeat donation and became regular donors within the first year, and the numbers gradually declined with time, whilst the lapsed donors increased from 35.6% in the second year to 55.6% in year 4. The long-run probabilities tell the same, with 80.9% of blood donations becoming lapsed in the long run. Depending on the current state of donation, new or regular donations will likely move to the regular donation state in the following time step (year). On the other end, occasional and lapsed donations have a higher probability of entering the lapsed donation state in the following time step (year).

Conclusion:
The paper provides useful insights into the Markovian transition probabilities among the blood donation states, and this has implications on future blood donors’ pool and blood bank inventory in Zimbabwe. The decline in the number of donors who make repeat donations is a worrisome trend since regular donations are the lifeline of any blood service centre.
Patients for Patient Safety and Inpatients’ Perceptions of Safety in three Hospitals in Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Nzaumvila Doudou Kunda , Shabalala Mbali Priscilla Pinky , Bongongo Tombo , Mabuza Langalibalele Honey , Govender Indiran 
Published: November 2022

Background:
It has been found that an increasing number of patients are being harmed while receiving hospital care, and many reporting models are woefully insufficient. Patients' involvement in their own safety during hospitalization has been shown to make healthcare systems safer. Their perception of safety may differ from that of health care workers, but their contribution to safety brings a different perspective. There is currently no data on patients for patient safety and their perception of safety in Pretoria's Tshwane District.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study using a semi-structured validated questionnaire and a calculated sample size 281. Data were analysed using both Microsoft Excel and Instat software programs. Simple descriptive statistics were employed and the results were presented in tables. Inferential statistics were calculated for the association of variables, and statistical significance was set at p <0.05.

Results:
The majority of inpatients were single (184; 65.5%), and were female (163, 58%) with a secondary school education (175; 62.3%). Patients were not informed about hospital rules (205; 73%), or about the importance of wearing an identification bracelet (232; 82.6%) and the meaning of the colour-coding (271; 96.4%). They were informed about the care provided (146; 52%) and were asked to get involved in their safety (54; 54.8%). They were happy regarding issues of confidentiality and privacy (166, 59.1%). They were satisfied with their pain control (221; 78.6%).

Conclusion:
The ‘patients for patient safety’ principle is not effective in these institutions. Patients were unaware of the precautionary measures. Standard procedures should be established to allow inpatients to participate in safety.
Factors Predicting the Holistic Health Status of Cambodian Migrant Workers in Thailand
Authors: Nget Manndy , Ruchiwit Manyat , Collins Eileen 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
The overall health of Cambodian migrant workers is low. This study aims to describe the holistic-health status (HHS) of Cambodian migrant workers in Thailand.

Methods:
Three hundred four participants participated in this cross-sectional survey study. Participants completed the HHS questionnaire developed from the WHO Quality-Of-Life assessment and modified the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were used.

Results:
The study identified that social value and adaptation, or how people interacted and adapted to their community, was a significant predictor of HHS (p = .003). Other factors such as financial status, living and working environment, healthcare service and accessibility, and migrant policies were insignificant in the model.

Conclusion:
Social value and adaptation predicted HHS in our sample of Cambodian migrant workers. Other factors such as financial status, the living and working environment, health care services and migrant policies did not contribute to HHS in this sample.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors among Healthcare Workers In Palestine
Authors: Abukhalil Abdallah Damin , Naseef Hani A. , Zayed Noor , Ali Rolla , Bazzar Zeina , Al-Shami Ni'meh 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Healthcare workers are the White army compacted the COVID-19 epidemic, and reports worldwide have shown an increase in SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers due to their direct interactions with infected patients. This study aimed to examine the clinical manifestations and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Palestine and offer recommendations to ensure health workers' safety and adopt workplace safety policies.

Methods:
This questionnaire-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an online questionnaire to collect information about SARS-CoV-2 transmission, signs, symptoms, and treatment reported by healthcare workers. Furthermore, we explored policies, protocols, and practices that make health workers vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results:
A total of 389 healthcare workers were included, 216 (55.5%) were exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 173 (44.5%) were infected with the virus, and the prevalence of hospitalization was 16%. The most commonly reported symptoms are fatigue, weakness, and muscle pain. Female healthcare workers experienced a significantly extended duration of symptoms than male workers. Direct contact (working less than 1.5 m) with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients and lack of COVID-19 and PPE training were risk factors for COVID-19 infection among HCWs.

Conclusion:
The healthcare system must ensure a safe work environment and adopt policies and procedures to ensure HCW safety, proper training, and resource availability to cope with crises.
High-Performance Computing for Density Matrix Renormalization Group
Authors: Tian Yingqi , Ma Haibo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
In the last decades, many algorithms have been developed to use high-performance computing
(HPC) techniques to accelerate the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method,
an effective method for solving large active space strong correlation problems. In this article, the
previous DMRG parallelization algorithms at different levels of the parallelism are introduced. The
heterogeneous computing acceleration methods and the mixed-precision implementation are also
presented and discussed. This mini-review concludes with some summary and prospects for future
works.
Isolation, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Activity of Polymethoxy
Flavones from Mentha dumetorum
Authors: Akşit Hüseyin , Ozan Erdem , Erenler Ramazan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Natural products have been used commonly in the pharmaceutical industry as
well as traditional medicine due to their bioactive contents.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to isolate the polymethoxy flavones (PMFs) and evaluate the
antiproliferative activity.

Methods:
The PMFs were extracted from Mentha dumetorum with boiling hot water and then partitioned with hexane and the extract was subjected to chromatographic techniques such as Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, and preparative TLC, and HPLC to isolate the compounds. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-TOF-MS, and UV-Vis. The antiproliferative effects of isolated compounds were evaluated using a real-time cell analyzer–single plate (RTCA-SP) instrument against HeLa and HT29 cell lines.

Results:
The isolated PMFs were identified as xanthomicrol (1), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetrametoxy flavanone (2), 5-desmetil sinensetin (3), 5-demetil nobiletin (4), gardenin B (5), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'- penta methoxy flavanone (6) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,4'-trimethoxy flavone (7). Compounds 2 and 5 were found to be the most active against both cell lines.

Conclusion:
The isolated compounds as well as the plant extract of Mentha dumetorum could be
promising agents for the drug development process, especially drugs for cancer treatment. Moreover,
isolation methods were developed for the corresponding compounds.
Threat of Adversarial Attacks within Deep Learning: Survey
Authors: Ata-us-Samad  , Singh Roshni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
In today’s era, Deep Learning has become the center of recent ascent in the field of artificial intelligence and its models. There are various Artificial Intelligence models that can be viewed as needing more strength for adversely defined information sources. It also leads to a high potential security concern in the adversarial paradigm; the DNN can also misclassify inputs that appear to expect in the result. DNN can solve complex problems accurately. It is empaneled in the vision research area to learn deep neural models for many tasks involving critical security applications. We have also revisited the contributions of computer vision in adversarial attacks on deep learning and discussed its defenses. Many of the authors have given new ideas in this area, which has evolved significantly since witnessing the first-generation methods. For optimal correctness of various research and authenticity, the focus is on peer-reviewed articles issued in the prestigious sources of computer vision and deep learning. Apart from the literature review, this paper defines some standard technical terms for non-experts in the field. This paper represents the review of the adversarial attacks via various methods and techniques along with their defenses within the deep learning area and future scope. Lastly, we bring out the survey to provide a viewpoint of the research in this Computer Vision area.
Drug-induced Liver Injury and Herb-induced Liver Injury Targeting Key
Issues
Authors: Teschke Rolf 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases starts with a new section on drug induced liver injury (DILI) and herb induced liver injury (HILI), and as its section editor, I would appreciate receiving submissions from potential authors. Closely connected with these forms of liver injury are topics of pathophysiology, clinical features, risk factors on the side of patients as well as drugs or herbs, diagnostic approaches including causality assessment using the updated RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method), and treatment modalities that help reduce risks of acute liver failure, liver transplantation, and lethal outcome. In conclusion, this new section on DILI and HILI will hopefully provide additional insights into the issues related to DILI and HILI.
Intensive Care Unit Physicians’ Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence–Based Clinical Decision Support Tools: Preimplementation Survey Study
Authors: van der Meijden Siri L , de Hond Anne A H , Thoral Patrick J , Steyerberg Ewout W , Kant Ilse M J , Cinà Giovanni , Arbous M Sesmu 
Published: November 2022

Background
Artificial intelligence–based clinical decision support (AI-CDS) tools have great potential to benefit intensive care unit (ICU) patients and physicians. There is a gap between the development and implementation of these tools.

Objective
We aimed to investigate physicians’ perspectives and their current decision-making behavior before implementing a discharge AI-CDS tool for predicting readmission and mortality risk after ICU discharge.

Methods
We conducted a survey of physicians involved in decision-making on discharge of patients at two Dutch academic ICUs between July and November 2021. Questions were divided into four domains: (1) physicians’ current decision-making behavior with respect to discharging ICU patients, (2) perspectives on the use of AI-CDS tools in general, (3) willingness to incorporate a discharge AI-CDS tool into daily clinical practice, and (4) preferences for using a discharge AI-CDS tool in daily workflows.

Results
Most of the 64 respondents (of 93 contacted, 69%) were familiar with AI (62/64, 97%) and had positive expectations of AI, with 55 of 64 (86%) believing that AI could support them in their work as a physician. The respondents disagreed on whether the decision to discharge a patient was complex (23/64, 36% agreed and 22/64, 34% disagreed); nonetheless, most (59/64, 92%) agreed that a discharge AI-CDS tool could be of value. Significant differences were observed between physicians from the 2 academic sites, which may be related to different levels of involvement in the development of the discharge AI-CDS tool.

Conclusions
ICU physicians showed a favorable attitude toward the integration of AI-CDS tools into the ICU setting in general, and in particular toward a tool to predict a patient’s risk of readmission and mortality within 7 days after discharge. The findings of this questionnaire will be used to improve the implementation process and training of end users.
The Use of Information and Communication Technology–Based Self-management System DialBeticsLite in Treating Abdominal Obesity in Japanese Office Workers: Prospective Single-Arm Pilot Intervention Study
Authors: Kawai Yuki , Waki Kayo , Yamaguchi Satoko , Shibuta Tomomi , Miyake Kana , Kimura Shigeko , Toyooka Tsuguyoshi , Nakajima Ryo , Uneda Kazushi , Wakui Hiromichi , Tamura Kouichi , Nangaku Masaomi , Ohe Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2022

Background
Making lifestyle changes is an essential element of abdominal obesity (AO) reduction. To support lifestyle modification and self-management, we developed an information and communication technology–based self-management system—DialBeticsLite—with a fully automated dietary evaluation function for the treatment of AO.

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of DialBeticsLite among Japanese office workers with AO.

Methods
A 2- to 3-month prospective single-arm pilot intervention study was designed to assess the effects of the intervention using DialBeticsLite. The information and communication technology system was composed of 4 modules: data transmission (body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, and pedometer count); data evaluation; exercise input; and food recording and dietary evaluation. Eligible participants were workers who were aged ≥20 years and with AO (waist circumference ≥85 cm for men and ≥90 cm for women). Physical parameters, blood tests, nutritional intake, and self-care behavior were compared at baseline and after the intervention.

Results
A total of 48 participants provided completed data for analysis, which yielded a study retention rate of 100%. The average age was 46.8 (SD 6.8) years, and 92% (44/48) of participants were male. The overall average measurement rate of DialBeticsLite, calculated by dividing the number of days with at least one measurement by the number of days of the intervention, was 98.6% (SD 3.4%). In total, 85% (41/48) of the participants reported that their participation in the study helped them to improve their lifestyle. BMI, waist circumference, and visceral fat area decreased significantly after the intervention (P<.001). In addition, the daily calorie intake reduced significantly (P=.02). There was a significant improvement in self-care behavior in terms of exercise and diet (P=.001).

Conclusions
Using DialBeticsLite was shown to be a feasible and potentially effective method for reducing AO by providing users with a motivational framework to evaluate their lifestyle behaviors.