bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hostages of time
Authors: Walhout Evelien , Dane Jacques , Hilevych Yuliya , Kok Jan 
Published: March 2022

Parallèlement au baby boom , la période qui a suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale correspond à un autre changement démographique en Europe et plus largement dans l’espace occidental, nettement moins étudié : l’ère du baby scoop , soit une augmentation des grossesses hors mariage suivi d’un accroissement du nombre d’enfants confiés à l’adoption. Cette étude explore ces changements sociaux et démographiques à la lumière du cas néerlandais où l’adoption n’est devenue légale qu’en 1956, une évolution parmi les plus tardives à cet égard à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale ; tandis que l’avortement n’était autorisé qu’en 1984. Cette recherche embrasse deux questions : dans quel contexte légal et institutionnel les procédures d’abandon et d’adoption étaient-elles menées ? Quels étaient les vécus des femmes qui abandonnaient un enfant pour le confier à l’adoption à cette période, jusqu’à quel point leur décision était-elle influencée par une contrainte (perçue) ? Nos résultats, fondés sur des dossiers d’archives et des entretiens, ne montrent pas de signes explicites de contrainte formelle ou légale. Cependant, étant donné la nature des données dont nous disposons, une telle affirmation doit être avancée avec précaution, car, même en l’absence de traces évidentes de contraintes, nos résultats ont pu mettre en lumière des formes de coercition informelle, de persuasion et de pression exercées au cours du processus décisionnel menant à l’abandon. Étant donné la nature éclatée de l’aide aux femmes confrontées à une grossesse non désirée, les chemins menant à l’abandon étaient multiples. Ces chemins mobilisaient de nombreux acteurs qui pouvaient tous, à leur échelle, influer sur la décision de la mère de naissance ; même lorsque ces acteurs agissaient en fonction des recommandations officielles.
COVID-19 et pratiques professionnelles dans les milieux institutionnels fermés
Authors: Dumais Michaud Audrey-Anne , Lemieux Ashley J. , Dufour Mathieu , Plante Lorraine , Crocker Anne G. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction : Pendant que les gouvernements ont concentré des efforts à la mise en place de mesures sanitaires de distanciation physique, de confinement et d’isolement pour protéger la collectivité de la COVID-19, des chercheurs se sont attardés aux impacts considérables de ces mesures sur la santé mentale et le bien-être. Les personnes avec un trouble mental, qui sont à la fois institutionnalisées et judiciarisées dans les unités de psychiatrie et les hôpitaux de psychiatrie légale, se retrouvent davantage vulnérables et limitées dans leurs mouvements et leurs activités. Objectifs : Cet article vise à examiner les changements de pratiques mises en œuvre et les impacts potentiels sur les personnes dans les milieux institutionnels fermés, afin de répondre aux enjeux sanitaires soulevés par la pandémie de la COVID-19. Résultats : Une analyse de 69 publications a permis d’identifier neuf grands thèmes dans la littérature, qui serviront de cadre d’analyse pour l’expérience d’un établissement psycho-légal canadien. Ces grands thèmes sont : 1) les facteurs de vulnérabilité́ spécifiques à la population ; 2) la gestion et la formation du personnel ; 3) le délestage des lits, la libération conditionnelle et le retour en communauté ; 4) la gestion de la contagion et des espaces fermés ; 5) les mesures d’hygiène et les équipements de protection individuelle ; 6) la continuité des soins et services ; 7) l’utilisation des technologies pour maintenir les liens sociaux et les services ; 8) les mécanismes légaux et les droits des personnes ; et 9) l’après-pandémie. Conclusion : Il importe de souligner que, bien qu’il s’agisse de la première pandémie d’une telle ampleur internationale, les experts soulignent une augmentation des épidémies dans la dernière décennie et une croissance continue dans les décennies à venir. Il importe donc de tirer des leçons de cette crise sanitaire afin d’être préparé et de minimiser ses effets sur les personnes vulnérables. Les réflexions présentées ici pourraient être contrastées avec les expériences vécues de personnes dans les établissements fermés, afin de venir nuancer les données et de proposer de nouvelles stratégies.
Awareness of health and environmental hazards of plastic bag use and available substitutes among health workers of two hospitals in a rural area of Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Ashimi Adewale Olufemi , Amole Taiwo Gboluwaga , Yusuf Abdulkadir , Michael Godpower Chinedu 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
This study assessed health-care workers' awareness of the health and environmental hazards associated with plastic bags and available substitutes.

Methods:
This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out in two rural hospitals in Northwest Nigeria over a 4-week study period. It included permanently employed health workers who were residents in the study community. The data were analyzed using SPSS version-20; the association between respondents' sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of the harmful effects of plastic-bags was determined using the Chi-square test.

Results:
There were 200 respondents aged 20–55 years with a mean of 31.7 ± 8.6 years. Most, 45% (90/200), respondents were nurses/midwives; 21% (42/200) were doctors. Most respondents, 49% (98/200), would throw away the plastic bags after a single use; 23.5% (47/200) would keep and reuse, while 45.5% (91/200) use reusable bags for shopping. Most respondents, 91% (182/200), were aware of the harmful effect on the environment, while 74% (148/200) knew it could be harmful to health. Respondents' age (>30 years) was significantly associated with awareness of the harmful effects of used plastic bags (P = 0.03), while male gender, age >30 years, being married, and of non-Hausa/Fulani ethnicity were associated with awareness of plastic-bag substitutes.

Conclusions:
Most respondents were aware of the health and environmental hazards of plastic bags and the available substitutes. Promoting reuse of plastic bags and the use of available substitutes will help to control this growing hazard.
Estimation of median effective effect-site concentration (EC50) during target-controlled infusion of propofol for dilatation and curettage – A prospective observational study
Authors: Jaya Velraj , Madhula P , Kumar VR Hemanth , Rajadurai Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Propofol is the drug of choice for sedation in daycare procedures due to its pharmacokinetic properties. Propofol delivery using target-controlled infusion (TCI) pump reduces adverse effects like hypotension and apnoea. In this study, we estimated the median effective effect-site concentration of propofol in patients undergoing dilatation and curettage.

Methods:
Patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I–III, aged 40–70 years, undergoing elective dilatation and curettage were recruited for the study. All patients received 1 μg/kg fentanyl and 20 mg lignocaine. The first patient received an effect-site concentration of propofol at 4 μg/mL with TCI Schneider pharmacokinetic model. Failure was defined as patient movement at any time during the procedure. According to the ‘BiasedCoin Design’ up-and-down sequential method, the response of the previous patient determined the effect-site concentration of propofol of the next patient. The study was terminated once forty patients completed the procedures successfully. Probit analysis was used to determine EC50.

Results:
Fifty-three patients were recruited for the study. The various effect-site concentrations of propofol EC50, EC90, and EC95 in providing sedation for dilatation and curettage were 3.38 μg/mL, 4.29 μg/mL, and 4.60 μg/mL, respectively. The incidence of hypotension and apnoea were comparable among the various concentrations of propofol. The mean duration of the propofol infusion was 20 ± 2.86 min. The time to recovery from propofol sedation was 6.97 ± 1.76 min.

Conclusion:
A median effective effect-site concentration of 3.38 μg/mL of propofol is required to prevent patient movement during uterine dilatation and curettage.
Opioid-free anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgeries - A prospective non-randomised study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ragupathy Ramanarayanan , Prabhu S.C.Ganesh , Thiyagarajan Dhivya , Anto Vijay 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Opioids have nowadays become superfluous because of their adverse effects involving post-operative recovery of the patients. So, we aimed at comparing opioid-free anaesthesia with opioid-based technique for post-operative pain relief in laparoscopic surgeries. The primary objective was to assess the pain scores in the post-operative period using visual analogue scale (VAS) for 24 h, and the secondary objective was to compare intraoperative haemodynamic parameters, duration of postoperative analgesia and total analgesics consumed in the first 24 h.

Methods:
This study was conducted in 60 patients aged between 20 and 70 years, belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class I and II posted for laparoscopic surgeries. Anaesthetic doses of lidocaine, magnesium and paracetamol in combination with fascial plane block for post-operative pain relief were given for 30 patients, and the other 30 patients received the conventional opioid-based anaesthesia. Mann–Whitney test was used for VAS scores, and Friedman test was used for repeated measures comparison.

Results:
VAS scores were higher in the conventional group as compared to the opioid-free group at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h during rest and at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24 h during movement and were statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). The duration of analgesia for the conventional group was 13.8 + 6.7 h, and for opioid-free anaesthesia was 6.7 + 2.2 hours. Intraoperative haemodynamic parameters did not show a statistically significant difference except for systolic blood pressure which was higher in the opioid-free group but was clinically insignificant. (P-value 0.013).

Conclusion:
Opioid-free anaesthesia along with erector spinae plane block provides better post-operative pain relief when compared to conventional opioid anaesthesia.
Comparison of newer Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical and Barrett Universal II for calculation of intraocular lens power in Indian eyes
Authors: Paritekar Prajakta , Nayak Akshay , Umesh Y , Sirivella Indrani , Manoharan Sharanya , Khatib Zain 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of Kane formula with Sanders Retzlaff Kraff/Theoretical (SRK/T) and Barrett Universal II in predicting intraocular lens (IOL) power in Indian eyes.

Methods:
This retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care eye hospital. Data from patients having uneventful cataract surgery with Tecnis ZCB00 IOL implantation were obtained from Lenstar and electronic medical records. Eyes were divided into subgroups based on axial length (AL) as short (<22.0 mm), medium (22–24 mm), and long (>24 mm). The predicted refractive outcome for each patient was calculated after optimizing the lens constant. Prediction error was calculated by subtracting the predicted spherical equivalent from achieved spherical equivalent 1 week post-surgery. The mean absolute error (MAE) and median absolute error (MedAE) and percentage of eyes within 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 D were calculated for each formula. Friedman test, Cochrane Q test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Out of the 350 eyes included in the study, we found that without lens constant optimization, Barrett formula performed better than SRK/T and Kane (P < 0.0001). Over the entire range of axial lengths, Kane formula performed slightly inferior compared to Barrett and SRK-T, both of which performed equally well (P = 0.006). On subgroup analysis, Kane formula performed inferiorly for medium eyes as compared to the other two. No significant differences were noted between the formulae for short and long eyes

Conclusion:
Kane formula did not outperform Barrett Universal II and SRK/T in Indian eyes.
Optical coherence tomography features and correlation of functional and structural parameters in patients of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Banerjee Mousumi , Phuljhele Swati , Saluja Gunjan , Kumar Pawan , Saxena Rohit , Sharma Pradeep , Vibha Deepti , Pandit Awadh Kishor 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To determine the correlation between functional parameters and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features in patients of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods:
A prospective observational study in early and established cases of papilledema in IIH presenting from December 2017 to February 2019. Functional parameters (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, mean deviation, VER, and MfERG) and structural parameters (RNFL, GCL-IPL, and optic disc height) were measured at baseline and every 6 weeks for 6 months.

Results:
At baseline, average RNFL had a moderate negative correlation with mean deviation (r = −0.45; P = 0.0007) and a positive correlation with logMAR visual acuity (r = 0.18; P = 0.17). On the contrary, baseline GCL and logMAR visual acuity had a negative correlation (r = −0.4, P = 0.02). Optic disc height (ODH) had a negative correlation with visual field mean deviation (r = −0.046; P = 0.0005). At 6 months, ODH and GCL-IPL complex had a statistically significant correlation with functional parameters. However, RNFL values did not show any significant correlation with any of the functional parameters. Baseline GCL-IPL and optic disc height values had a moderate and significant correlation with final functional parameters. However, RNFL did not show any correlation with final functional parameters. Correlation between GCL-IPL thickness at 6 weeks and final functional parameters were stronger than that with baseline GCL values

Conclusion:
In the setting of severe papilledema, RNFL can misguide the prognosis. GCL-IPL can be a valuable tool for an objective evaluation of the integrity of the optic nerve in IIH and ODH may be used as an alternative or in combination with GCL-IPL in these cases.
Prevalence Rate and Distribution of Eschar in Patients with Scrub Typhus
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Seop , Kim Dain , Choi Hye-Yeon , Yoo Sunjong , Hwang Joo-Hee , Hwang Jeong-Hwan , Choi Seung-Hee , Achangwa Chiara , Ryu Sukhyun , Lee Chang-Seop 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT.
Eschar is used to establish the clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus. To identify the prevalence of eschar and its location in scrub typhus, we reviewed globally published peer-reviewed articles. We conducted a systematic literature review, using publications extracted from PubMed from January 1943 to August 31, 2019 with the keywords “scrub typhus” or “tsutsugamushi.” We collected articles associated with eschar prevalence and distribution in scrub typhus infection and reported on the body locations of eschar. A total of 458 articles containing information on the prevalence, geographical distribution, and body distribution of eschar were used for this review. The overall prevalence rate of eschar was 58.0% with the greatest prevalence in East Asia (78.7%) followed by Oceania (52.2%), Southeast Asia (41.4%), and then the lowest in South Asia (32.8%). The frequency of eschar distribution was highest in the inguinal area (28.5%), followed by the anterior area (28.0%), and the lower extremities (22.0%). The upper extremities (8.9%), back (6.6%), and head and neck (6.1%) regions had relatively low frequencies of distribution. We identified the prevalence of eschar differed by geographic locations and anatomical sites on the patient of scrub typhus.
Influencia de la metodología de trabajo de graduación en la satisfacción y mejora laboral de egresados en la carrera de pedagogía
Authors: Tuy Chopén Gilberto 
Published: March 2022

Este artículo de investigación se orientó a determinar cuánto influye la metodología de trabajo de graduación en la satisfacción y mejora laboral de egresados en la carrera de Licenciatura en Pedagogía y Administración Educativa con especialidad en Medio Ambiente del Centro Universitario de Quiché Cusacq, del año 2013 al 2016 del municipio de Santa Cruz del Quiché en comparación con los egresados de la extensión de la Facultad de Humanidades del municipio de Santa Cruz del Quiché de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. El alcance y diseño de la investigación fue cuantitativo descriptivo, no experimental, se trató de medir en porcentajes significativos a través la estadística de comparación de medias y realizar descripciones comparativas de la satisfacción laboral. Esta investigación es sistemática y empírica ya que el fenómeno y sus efectos ya se dieron y es transversal porque se midió el fenómeno en un tiempo único. La muestra que se tomó en cuenta para el estudio fue no probabilística ya que no necesariamente debe ser representativa estadísticamente ni para generalizar resultados, por lo mismo la muestra fue por conveniencia por situaciones de tiempo, recursos y por el acceso y disponibilidad de los sujetos de investigación. Derivada del estudio se detectó la necesidad de implementar capacitaciones que propicien el fortalecimiento en el área de investigación de los docentes y asesores de trabajo de Graduación de la carrera de Licenciatura en Pedagogía.
LA TUTELA, PROTECCIÓN Y PROMOCIÓN DEL FACTOR RELIGIOSO EN EUSKADI
Authors: LABACA ZABALA MARÍA LOURDES 
Published: March 2022

El eje central del presente trabajo ha sido analizar el desarrollo de la legislación sobre
el factor religioso en Euskadi. La asunción de competencias legislativas y de ejecución por
parte de ésta Comunidad Autónoma no ha supuesto que se haya ocupado de forma directa del
factor religioso. Podemos señalar que, a través de la legislación que se ha ido promulgando a
partir de 1980 se ha regulado, de forma indirecta, cuestiones que guardan relación con el ámbito
religioso. Se han legislado distintas cuestiones que guardan relación con los derechos que
derivan del derecho fundamental de libertad religiosa de sus ciudadanos. En este ámbito podemos
destacar las siguientes materias: educación, sanidad, medios de comunicación, uniones
de hecho, régimen fiscal, asistencia religiosa, servicios funerarios¿, pero siempre de forma
transversal. Por ello, nos hemos ocupado de recoger toda la legislación que se ha desarrollado
por parte de las distintas instituciones con capacidad legislativa de Euskadi.
Lan honen ardatza Euskadin erlijioaren inguruko legeriak dioena aztertzea izan
da. Autonomia-erkidego honetan legegintzako eta betearazteko eskumenak eskuratu badira ere,
erlijioaren gaiari ez zaio zuzenean heldu. 1980. urtetik argitaratu izan diren legeen bidez, zeharka
bada ere, erlijioarekin zerikusia duten gaiak arautu izan dira. Herritarren erlijio-askatasunerako
oinarrizko eskubidearen ondoriozko beste eskubide batzuekin zerikusia duten gaiak zehaztu
izan dira, lege bidez. Eta horien artean, ondorengoak dira azpimarratzeko arloak: hezkuntza,
osasuna, komunikabideak, izatezko bat egiteak, zerga-erregimena, erlijio-laguntza, hileta-zerbitzuak...,
baina beti zeharka landu izan dira. Hori dela eta, Euskadin legegintzako ahalmena duten
erakundeek gaiaren inguruan garatutako lege edo lege mailako arau guztiak biltzeaz arduratu
gara.
The central ideal of this work is to analyze the legislative development on the religious
factor in Euskadi. The assumption of legislative and executive powers by the Autonomous
Community did not mean that it dealt directlly with the religious factor. We can point out
that by means of the legislation enacted since 1980, some questions related to the religious
sphere have indirectly been regulated. Several questions that have a relationship with citizens¿
rights that derive from the fundamental right of freedom of religion have been regulated. In this
field we can highlight the following areas: education, health, media, civil unions, fiscal regime,
religious help, funeral services¿ but always in a transversal way. That is why we have collected
all legislation enacted by several institutions with legislative power in Euskadi.
LOS CONTRATOS PÚBLICOS SOBRE DEFENSA Y SEGURIDAD EN EL MERCADO EUROPEO
Authors: LAZO VITORIA XIMENA 
Published: March 2022

Tradicionalmente la mayoría de los contratos públicos celebrados en los sectores
de la defensa y la seguridad pública han permanecido al margen de las normas comunitarias
del mercado anterior, gracias a la posibilidad que brinda el art. 296 del Tratado. Este trabajo
analiza las condiciones que legitiman la de aplicación de la citada excepción a la luz de la
jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Justicia. También se estudian los nuevos instrumentos
aprobados por la Agencia Europea de la Defensa y de la Comisión Europea para procurar avanzar
hacia un verdadero mercado europeo en esta materia.
Tradizionalki, defentsa eta segurtasun publikoaren arloan sinatutako kontratu publiko
gehienak Europar Erkidegoko arauetatik kanpora egon izan dira, hain zuzen ere Tratatuaren
296. artikuluak horretarako aukera eskaintzen duelako. Lan honetan, salbuespen horretaz
baliatu ahal izatea ahalbidetzen duten baldintzak aztertu ditugu, Europako Justizia Auzitegiaren
jurisprudentzian esaten denaren arabera. Horrekin batera, Defentsarako Europar Agentziak eta
Europar Batzordeak onartutako tresna berriak ere aztertu dira, hain zuzen ere arlo honetan ere
benetako europar merkatu baterantz jotzeko.
Traditionally the majority of public defence and security procurement are not
governed by the rules of the common European market, thanks to the possibility provided by
art. 296 EC. This study analyses the conditions that legitimise this exception according to the
jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice. It also examines the new instruments approved
by the European Defence Agency and the European Commission, with the aim of establishing a
common European market.