bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of professional crime in correctional institutions of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Шабаль Владимир Сергеевич 
Published: April 2022

В статье обозначены основные подходы в сфере предупреждения профессиональной преступности в исправительных учреждениях Республики Беларусь. Проведен анализ позиций авторов по данной проблеме на различных этапах исторического развития. Установлено, что развитие профессиональной преступности влияет на нормальное существование общества в целом, так как способствует увеличению количества преступников, их обучению и совершенствованию навыков, разложению социальных институтов. Особое внимание обращено на детерминанты, обуславливающие развитие личности профессионального преступника, которые являются ядром всей преступности. Автором сформулирована система мер по предупреждению формирования и криминализации личности профессионального преступника в исправительных учреждениях Республики Беларусь, которая будет способствовать снижению данного негативного явления в целях благополучного и устойчивого развития общества и государства. На основе анализа детерминант сформулированы предложения по внесению изменений в законодательство Республики Беларусь.
The article outlines the main approaches to the prevention of professional crime in correctional institutions of the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the authors' positions on this problem at various stages of historical development is carried out. It has been established that the development of professional crime affects the normal existence of society as a whole, as it contributes both to an increase in the number of criminals, their training and skills improvement, and the decomposition of social institutions. Particular attention is paid to the determinants that determine the development of the personality of a professional criminal, which are the "core" of all crime. The author has formulated a system of measures to prevent the formation and criminalization of the personality of a professional criminal in correctional institutions of the Republic of Belarus, which will help to reduce this negative phenomenon in order to ensure the safe and sustainable development of society and the state. Based on the analysis of the determinants, proposals were formulated for amending the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
Restriction of freedom as a type of criminal punishment in the context of the reform of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation
Authors: Авдеева Екатерина Вадимовна 
Published: April 2022

В статье дан анализ ст. 53 УК РФ, регламентирующей условия и основания назначения наказания в виде ограничения свободы. Рассмотрены материалы судебной практики по спорным вопросам назначения ограничения свободы в качестве основного и дополнительного вида наказания отдельным категориям лиц. Использованы данные официальной статистики, отражающие соотношение показателей осужденных, приговоренных к ограничению свободы и смежному институту в виде условного осуждения. Детально раскрыты критерии отграничения ограничения свободы и условного осуждения как на законодательном, так и доктринальном уровнях. Выявлены проблемы практической реализации ограничения свободы, преимущества и недостатки его назначения.
The article analyzes the legislative formula of article 53 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, which regulates the conditions and grounds for the imposition of punishment in the form of restriction of freedom. The materials of judicial practice on controversial issues of assigning restrictions of freedom as the main and additional type of punishment to certain categories of persons are considered. We used official statistics that reflect the ratio of indicators of prisoners sentenced to restriction of liberty and a related institution in the form of a suspended sentence. The criteria for distinguishing between restriction of liberty and probation at both the legislative and doctrinal levels are described in detail. Problems of practical implementation of restriction of freedom, advantages and disadvantages of its purpose are revealed.
Participants in criminal procedural activities for the execution of a sentence: functions and status
Authors: Диваев Александр Борисович 
Published: April 2022

В статье рассмотрен вопрос о статусе участников уголовно-процессуальной деятельности по исполнению приговора. Дается авторская трактовка функций сотрудников органов и учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы России как ее субъектов. В результате исследования сделан общий концептуальный вывод, согласно которому, учитывая, что деятельность по исполнению приговора структурно содержит в себе две части: деятельность по обращению приговора к исполнению и деятельность по рассмотрению и разрешению вопросов, связанных с исполнением приговора, и статус участников этой деятельности также не может рассматриваться как единое целое. При этом, если участники деятельности по обращению приговора к исполнению - это участники уголовного судопроизводства, то субъекты производства по рассмотрению и разрешению вопросов, указанных в главе 47 УПК РФ - это субъекты с самостоятельным уголовно-процессуальным статусом.
The article considers the issue of the status of participants in criminal procedural activities for the execution of a sentence. As a result of the study, a general conceptual conclusion was made, according to which, given that the activity of executing a sentence structurally contains two parts: the activity of applying a sentence for execution and the activity of considering and resolving issues related to the execution of a sentence, and the status of participants in this activity can also not be considered as a single whole. At the same time, if the participants in the activity of applying a sentence for execution are participants in criminal proceedings, then the subjects of the proceedings for the consideration and resolution of issues specified in Chapter 47 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation are subjects with an independent criminal procedural status.
Boundaries of penitentiary humanization: from humanization to environmentalization
Authors: Янош Ярослав 
Published: April 2022

В статье рассматриваются юридические, философские и педагогические аспекты процесса гуманизации наказания. От понимания необходимости защиты физической и психической целостности и достоинства заключенного и его реализации в деятельности региональных и национальных тюрем в XVIII веке через резолюции и рекомендации наднационального уровня, посвященные обращению с заключенными и условиям содержания в тюрьмах, в XX веке тюремные системы на современном этапе пришли к состоянию, когда перед ними стоят вопросы о границах гуманизации. в пределах которых наказание способно выполнять свои ключевые функции.
The article deals with the legal, philosophical and pedagogical aspects of the process of humanization of punishment. From an understanding of the need to protect the physical and mental integrity and dignity of a prisoner and its implementation in the activities of regional and national prisons in the eighteenth century, through resolutions and recommendations at the supranational level devoted to the treatment of prisoners and prison conditions, in the twentieth century prison systems had now come to a state where they had questions about the boundaries of humanization. within which punishment is able to perform its key functions.
Some aspects of differentiation of the legal status of persons senteced to imprisonment
Authors: Смирнов Александр Николаевич 
Published: April 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы дифференциации и индивидуализации ответственности при назначении и исполнении уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы. Анализируются такие критерии (основания) ответственности, как характер и степень общественной опасности содеянного, характер и степень общественной опасности лица, совершившего преступление. Автор приходит к выводу, что дифференциация уголовной ответственности и наказания создают «фундамент» для дифференциации исполнения наказания, влияющий на динамику правового статуса осужденных, на интенсивность и содержание исправительного воздействия в процессе исполнения и отбывания наказания. Далее рассмотрены основания изменения осужденному к лишению свободы вида исправительного учреждения, предусмотренные ст. 78 УИК РФ. Автор предлагает дополнить перечень этих оснований, включив в них достижение осужденным, отбывающим лишение свободы в воспитательной колонии, определенного возраста: для отрицательно характеризующихся - 18 лет, для остальных категорий осужденных - 19 лет.
The article deals with the issues of differentiation and individualization of responsibility in the appointment and execution of criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment. The author analyzes such criteria (grounds) of responsibility as the nature and degree of public danger of the act, the nature and degree of public danger of the person who committed the crime. The author comes to the conclusion that the differentiation of criminal responsibility and punishment creates a «foundation» for the differentiation and individualization of the execution of punishment, which affects the dynamics of the legal status of convicts, the intensity and content of correctional influence in the process of execution and serving of punishment. Further, the grounds for changing the type of correctional institution for a person sentenced to deprivation of liberty, provided for in Art. 78 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are considered. The author proposes to supplement the list of the grounds by including in them the achievement of a certain age for convicts serving a prison sentence in an educational colony: for those who are negatively characterized - 18 years, for other categories of convicts - 19 years.
Comparative legal analysis of the content of malicious (gross) violation of the procedure for serving sentences sentenced to imprisonment under the current legislation of the CIS countries
Authors: Алфимова Ольга Александровна 
Published: April 2022

В статье рассмотрены отдельные вопросы правовой регламентации, связанные с содержанием злостных нарушений порядка отбывания наказания осужденными к лишению свободы, на примере законодательства некоторых стран СНГ. Анализ уголовно-исполнительного законодательства стран СНГ позволяет говорить об относительном единстве. Имеются и принципиальные отличия в законодательном регулировании таких нарушений режима, как изготовление, хранение или передача запрещенных предметов, уклонение от исполнения принудительных мер медицинского характера и др. Так, отказ осужденных от работы или прекращение работы без уважительных причин как злостное нарушение режима (ч. 1 ст. 116 УИК РФ) в уголовно-исполнительных кодексах Азербайджанской Республики (ст. 108), Республики Беларусь (ст. 117), Кыргызской Республики (ст. 88), Республики Таджикистан (ст. 122), Республики Туркменистан (ст. 89), Республики Узбекистан (ст. 111) не содержится вообще. Это же злостное нарушение более подробно прописано в УИК Республики Казахстан, где предусмотрены: отказ от предоставленной администрацией учреждения оплачиваемой работы и отказ без уважительных причин от работ по благоустройству учреждения и улучшению условий проживания.
This article covers certain issues of legal regulation related to the content of malicious violations of the procedure for serving a sentence sentenced to imprisonment on the example of the legislation of some CIS countries. An analysis of the penal enforcement legislation of the CIS countries allows us to talk about relative unity, there are also fundamental differences in the legislative regulation of such violations of the regime as the manufacture, storage or transfer of prohibited items, evasion of the implementation of compulsory medical measures, etc. Comparative legal analysis of the content of malicious (gross) violation of the procedure for serving sentences sentenced to imprisonment under the current legislation of the CIS countries. Thus, the refusal of convicts to work or to stop work without good reason, as a malicious violation of the regime (Pt. 1 of Art. 116 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation), in the Penal Codes of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Art. 108), the Republic of Belarus (Art. 117), the Kyrgyz Republic (Art. 88), the Republic of Tajikistan (Art. 122) is not contained at all. The same malicious violation is spelled out in more detail in the Penal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which provides for: the refusal of paid work provided by the administration of the institution and the refusal of work to improve the institution and improve living conditions without good reasons.
PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN FILLER TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Romadhon Eri Setia 
Published: April 2022

Beton merupakan bahan bangunan yang terdiri dari campuran antara semen Portland, air, aggregate halus, aggregate kasar dengan atau tanpa bahan tambah. Agregate merupakan material penyusun beton terbesar oleh karenanya keadaan aggregate sangat berpengaruh besar terhadap kualitas beton. Agregate yang baik untuk campuran beton adalah aggregate yang kuat, keras, besudut, tidak mengandung lumpur, tidak mengandung zat organik dan bergradasi baik, namun kenyataannya sangat sulit untuk memperoleh aggregate yang bergradasi baik, langsung dari alam. Pada penelitian ini mencoba memperbaiki gradasi aggregate dengan menambahkan filler dan melihat pengaruhnya pada kekuatan beton. Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil : Kekuatan tekan beton untuk campuran beton dengan jumlah semen tetap, semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya pemakaian filler dari 5% sampai 10 % dan mulai mengalami penurunan saat pemakaian filler ditambah menjadi 15%. Peningkatan kekuatan beton yang terbesar diperoleh dari pemakaian filler abu sekam 10% dengan kenaikan kuat tekan beton sebesar 42,7% dari 253,3 kg/cm2 menjadi 361,38 kg/cm2 .
What Is the Added Value of the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime?
Authors: Tilahun Nathanael 
Published: April 2022

The European Union’s Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime (EUGHRSR), adopted in December 2020, is expected to augment the Union’s role in global normative diplomacy. Although the Council has a long history of responding to human rights violations through geographic sanctions regimes, the EUGHRSR is the first thematic sanctions regime on the topic with a general scope of applicability. This article investigates what distinctive added value the thematic design of the EUGHRSR brings compared to the longstanding geographic approach. The EUGHRSR is envisaged as a more legalized accountability mechanism and its added value is presumed to lie in helping depoliticize sanctions by shifting the target focus away from states. The article shows that this presumption can be unattainable or undesirable as the successful implementation of the EUGHRSR necessitates bringing the state into the centre of analysis. The article in particular shows that in order to successfully deploy the EUGHRSR as an integral part of the EU common foreign and security policy, the Council has to (i) align the designation of targets with the EU’s foreign policy strategies, and (ii) take pro-human rights reforms in third countries as a ground for de-listing, even in the absence of individual accountability. Taking these positions, however, blurs the line between the EUGHRSR and geographic sanctions, therefore requires careful coordination and trade-off.
damages, non-contractual liability, CFSP acts, normalization, CSDP missions and operations, restrictive measures, jurisdiction, CJEU, sanctions.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INHIBITIVE EFFECTS OF SOME NEW SCHIFF BASES ON COPPER CORROSION IN ACIDIC MEDIUM
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Swami V K 
Published: April 2022

In this research two new Schiff bases N,N'-bis[(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]thiourea (BDHNPMTU) and 2-[(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (DHNPMHC) were synthesized by condensation of 3,4-dihydroxcy-5-nitro-benzaldehyde with Thiourea and Thiosemicarbazide. The structures of Schiff bases were fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV–Vis methods. The inhibitive effects of two Schiff bases BDHNPMTU and DHNPMHC towards the corrosion on copper in 0.5M HCl were investigated using weight loss measurement technique. Surface morphology of metal surface in presence and absence of inhibitors were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results show that both BDHNPMTU and DHNPMHC are an effective inhibitor for copper corrosion in 0.5 M HCl solution. It was found that inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of inhibitor. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the copper surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM study also support the inhibition of corrosion of copper. BDHNPMTU and DHNPMHC show maximum inhibition efficiency i.e. 96% and 95.83% at highest concentration of inhibitor (5X10-5M). The order of inhibition efficiency of the two Schiff’s bases for Cu metal are BDHNPMTU>DHNPMHC.
VARIETY OF GASTROINTESTINAL DUPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN: EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Perveen Shazia , Ali Sajid , Israr Shumaila 
Published: April 2022

Background: Gastrointestinal duplication is a rare developmental anomaly that can be present anywhere along the GI tract, most often being found in ileum. The purpose of this study is to share our experience in evaluation of the presentation, investigations, management challenges and complications of patients with this very rare condition. Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health Karachi, Pakistan, from April 2018 to October 2019. Data was analysed with regard to age, clinical presentation, investigations, surgical procedures, site and type of lesion, histopathology, complications and outcomes. Results: A total of five patients were managed in one and half year. The patients’ ages ranged from antenatally diagnosed foetus to 12 years old child. New-born who presented with antenatal diagnosis of abdominal cyst turned out to have duodenal duplication cyst. Among other four were thoracoabdominal duplication cyst, gastric duplication, jejunal duplication and ileal duplication, last two presented with perforation. Other presentations were abdominal pain, swelling and vomiting. Diagnosis was made on clinical ground, x-ray of abdomen, ultrasound and computed tomography. All cysts were resected successfully and patients remained asymptomatic till one year follow up except one patient who expired postoperatively due to liver failure. Conclusion: Enteric duplication can present in variety of ways depending on anatomical location. Prompt diagnosis and complete excision of cyst is the aim of treatment. However, these rare types of duplication are a challenge to operating surgeons.
Efecto de dietas extruidas en base a torta de castaña y fruto de macambo, sobre los índices de crecimiento y zootécnicos en el cultivo de pacos juveniles
Authors: Chirinos-Ochoa Natividad , Díaz-Viteri Javier , Mego-Mego Virne 
Published: April 2022

El principal problema en la actividad piscícola son los altos costos que genera la alimentación, lo que conlleva a la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes alimenticias que permitan elaborar dietas balanceadas a un menor costo. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo de investigación evaluó el crecimiento de juveniles de paco (Piaractus brachypomus), a través de los índices de crecimiento e índices zootécnicos utilizando tres dietas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de torta de Castaña (Tl=25%, T2=30% y T3=35%) e igual nivel de inclusión de macambo (pulpa+semilla) (T1=20%, T2=20% y T3=20%) frente a una dieta comercial de testigo (TT=Purigamitana 25). Se emplearon 240 juveniles con 20,21 cm de longitud total promedio y 161,75 g de peso promedio; los cuales fueron sembrados en cuatro corrales. Los resultados demostraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en el crecimiento en longitud y peso de los juveniles evaluados, lo que indica que la inclusión de torta de castaña y macambo en las dietas hizo efecto significativo en el crecimiento de los peces. Se concluye que el T2 presentó los mejores valores para los índices.
Obtención de colágeno a partir de subproductos de Paco (Piaractus brachypomus)
Authors: Cajo-Pinche Maria Isabel , Díaz-Viteri Javier Eduardo , Vílchez-Navarro Yban , Montalvan-Apolaya Pedro Saul 
Published: April 2022

Madre de Dios, departamento amazónico del Perú presenta restingas y bajiales ofreciendo oportunidades para el desarrollo de la acuicultura, sin embargo, a medida que se incremente el número de acuicultores el precio de peces disminuirá. Por ello se planteó la obtención de colágeno a partir de la piel de paco (Piaractus brachypomus), a través de dos métodos de; extracción con ácido acético a 45 °C por 12 horas en la etapa de extracción y relación materia prima: agua: 1:10 y 1:22, obteniéndose mayor rendimiento en la relación 1:22. Para el segundo método de extracción con hidróxido de sodio, ácido sulfúrico y ácido cítrico, a 45 °C por 12 horas en la etapa de extracción, y relación de materia prima: agua: 1:10 y 1:22, mejor rendimiento con la relación 1:10; además con este segundo método las características organolépticas del colágeno son mejores.
Measuring the collaborative supply chain performance: a literature review
Authors: GOUIFERDA Fatima , MOUNIR Younes 
Published: April 2022

Inter-company competition explains the increased interest of researchers towards supply chain management, which is seen as a better way of managing logistics activities and processes from upstream to downstream. In fact, supply chain management aims to offer a better overall performance of the chain and a better return for its members by increasing consumer satisfaction.

In addition, collaboration in the supply chain creates a strategy-based value creation process that allows members of the chain to coordinate and synchronize their efforts in order to optimize their activities and rationalize their resources. Hence, to reap the expected benefits of collaboration, there is a need for continuous assessment of collaborative practices in the supply chain.

In this sense, the objective of this article is to raise the main models for assessing the performance of the supply chain and particularly the collaborative aspect. However, through the analysis of the literature we realized that, despite the focus of companies on collaboration, the number of research studies on this subject remains limited.
Reflections around the performance of the social enterprise
Authors: Benlahcen Tlemçani Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

In a social enterprise, the notion of "performance" must be understood in a broader sense than just financial profitability. Because this type of company pursues a social mission whose achievement has collective impacts, it is necessary to go beyond what the only indicators provided by the market allow.
This article thus endeavors to construct a definition of the performance of a social enterprise that is as rigorous as possible, by developing an approach defining the performance of a social enterprise not as a "yield", but as an "expanded production" in adding to the traditional definition of production “the impacts”, usually not taken into account by the market, on all the individuals concerned, whether or not they are the direct beneficiaries.
By nature, these impacts are not taken into account by the market and their measurement refers to the classic question of the valuation of non-market goods. The author therefore examines the indicators for measuring the performance of social enterprises. The aim is to identify the different techniques for monetary measurement of the value of non-market goods and to indicate whether they are likely to lead to relevant values ​​for the evaluation of the performance of a social enterprise. This reading grid is applied to the technique of social return on investment (SROI).