bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the noise and vibration characteristics of SI engine powered with single and dual alcohol blends - performance, combustion, and emission studies
Authors: Bharath Bhavin K , V Arul Mozhi Selvan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Significant growth in renewable fuel output is required to effectively remove fossil fuel dependence in the transportation sector. Alcohol is regarded as an excellent renewable gasoline substitute. This study investigates the noise and vibration characteristics of a spark-ignition (SI) engine in relation to engine performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions evaluation using methanol-based single and dual alcohol (Ternary) blends. The tests were carried out on a single-cylinder, 4-stroke SI engine utilizing an eddy current dynamometer to investigate the behaviors of single and dual alcohol blended fuels. This study compared the blended alcohol fuels (M10, M15, M20, iBM10, and iBM15) with baseline gasoline at various engine loads. Because of the natural oxygen levels of alcohols, alcohol blends had higher BTE, peak in-cylinder pressure, and heat release rate (HRR). At 2500 rpm and 75% load, the iBM15 had a higher BTE of 33.58 percent. The blended fuels significantly reduced HC and CO emissions compared to conventional gasoline. The noise level increases as the load increases, and blends had a slightly higher but comparable noise level to gasoline. Compared to gasoline, alcohol blends vibrate less, with iBM15 exhibiting a 25.2% and 51.12% drop in vibration level in the Z and Y direction, respectively. It's worth noting that the higher-order alcohol isobutanol can be used to improve the quality of methanol-gasoline blends and as a partial replacement for fossil fuel in the SI engine.
Effect of scarification and soaking on seed germination and viability of Podocarpus henkelii and P. latifolius (Podocarpaceae)
Authors: Twala Thando Caroline , Fisher Jolene 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Seed dormancy defines the environmental conditions in which a seed can germinate. Germination is timed to avoid unfavourable environmental conditions for plant establishment and growth. Podocarpaceae have an underdeveloped embryo which may delay germination. We aimed to establish if Podocarpus henkelii and P. latifolius produce underdeveloped embryos and examine the kind of dormancy the seeds have. The seed characteristics of P. henkelii and P. latifolius were observed, and we tested for seed germination after pretreating the seeds in water, hydrochloric acid and mechanical scarification and then tested for viability and the presence of the embryo. Embryos in fresh seeds of P. henkelii and P. latifolius had an embryo length/seed length ratio < 0.5 which suggested that the embryos were small and underdeveloped. Both podocarps produced fleshy seeds, P. latifolius had the smallest seed (mass: 0.19 g; length: 10.54 mm) and P. henkelii the largest (mass: 2.44 g; length: 23.69 mm). After exposing the seeds to the pretreatments, the seeds of both species did not germinate after ~6 months. However, viability testing showed that >90% of the seeds were viable with >95% of the seeds having embryos. Considering that the pretreatments did not facilitate seed germination in both species and that both podocarps have underdeveloped embryos that were viable P. henkelii and P. latifolius may have morphological or morphophysiological dormancy.
Riverine antibacterial resistance gradient determined by environmental factors
Authors: Liu Cheng-Han , Chuang Yi-Lynne , Gurunathan Revathi , Hsieh Chi-Ying , Dahms Hans-Uwe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Polluted waterbodies such as rivers provide a pathway or reservoir for bacterial resistance. We studied water quality and bacterial antibacterial resistance along the subtropical Qishan River in Taiwan as a case study of environmental resistance spread in a pristine to rural area. Human settlement densities increased generally from pristine mountain sites to the more polluted lowlands generally. Accordingly, as a working hypothesis, we expected antibacterial resistance level to increase towards downstream. We collected sediment samples from 8 stations along the Qishan river and where the Qishan river reaches the Kaoping river. The samples were processed in the lab for bacteriological and physicochemical analysis. Antibacterial resistance was tested with common antibacterials. A comparison was made among the sites where isolates began to occur at the upstream (site 1-6) with the downstream, including site 7 (Qishan town), site 8 (wastewater treatment plant) and site 9 (Kaoping river). The results of multivariate analysis for bacteriological and physicochemical parameters showed increasing water pollution levels downstream of the Qishan river. Bacterial isolates including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. were analyzed and tested in the study. Their percentage of occurrence varied at each site. The resistance level was determined from the growth inhibition zone diameter (disk diffusion) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (micro-dilution). The results indicated that antibacterial resistance was related to certain environmental factors. Besides, the usage pattern of different classes of antibacterials in different places could alter trends of their resistance. Bacteria were found with increased resistance to antibacterials used in agriculture through the downstream sites. The WWTP emitting wastewater was demonstrated to be a hotspot of resistance in aquatic environments. In conclusion, bacterial resistance against antibacterials from the Qishan river has become a potential public health threat. This study could assist authorities by providing a reference for water quality risk assessment and management in Kaohsiung city and southern Taiwan.
Von der Lehrkräftebildung zum inklusiven Unterricht – eine empirische Studie zum Praxisnutzen des Didaktischen Modells für inklusives Lehren und Lernen
Authors: Schmitz Lena , Frohn Julia 
Published: January 2022

Didaktische Modelle gelten als ein essenzieller Bestandteil der Professionalisierung schulischer Lehrkräfte. Unter ihnen fokussiert das „Didaktische Modell für inklusives Lehren und Lernen“ (DiMiLL) als erste inklusionsorientierte Heuristik die Unterrichtsgestaltung in heterogenen Lerngruppen und dient sowohl der Vermittlung inklusionsdidaktischer Grundlagen in der ersten und zweiten Phase der Lehrkräftebildung als auch der Kontextualisierung und Konkretisierung individueller inklusionsorientierter Forschungsfragen. Der vorliegende Artikel skizziert die Inhalte des DiMiLL und stellt Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie vor, die das Modell in die Praxis überführt und auf Anknüpfungspunkte im beruflichen Alltag einer Lehrkraft überprüft. Basierend auf Befragungen von Studierenden, Lehrkräften und Referendar*innen (N = 246) wird das Konstrukt Praxistauglichkeit operationalisiert und Aufgabenbereiche in der Gestaltung von Inklusion in Schule und Unterricht werden differenziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, in welchen dieser Bereiche didaktische Modelle die Umsetzung schulischer Inklusion stärken können und wo ihre Grenzen liegen, womit auch die Einsatzmöglichkeiten didaktischer Modelle in der Qualifizierung für Inklusion konkretisiert werden.

Abstract
Didactic models are considered an essential part of the professionalization of schoolteachers. Among them, the Didactic Model for Inclusive Teaching and Learning (DiMiLL) focuses on how to teach heterogeneous learning groups. As a theoretical framework, it aims to convey the principles of inclusion-oriented didactics in the first and second phases of teacher training, as well as to contextualize and specify individual, inclusion-oriented research questions. This article outlines the content of the DiMiLL and presents an empirical study that transfers the model into practice and identifies potential areas of practical application. A test instrument was developed through which trainee teachers assessed the practical applicability of the DiMiLL. First, the construct of practical applicability was operationalized through an explorative pre-study (N = 103), taking different perspectives of university students, teachers and trainee teachers into account. Based on this, a standardized test instrument for measuring the practical applicability of the DiMiLL was designed and evaluated by a pre-test (N = 71). Finally, this instrument was applied in a survey among trainee teachers in Berlin (N = 72). The results show in which work areas of teachers the DiMiLL can strengthen the implementation of inclusive school education and where its limits might be.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of FLA from different water sources in Egypt
Authors: Shawkey Lamiaa A. , Elfeky Faten A. , Abou-Elnour Basma M. , El-Wakil Eman S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa ubiquitously found in nature. In addition to their natural distribution, some species have been documented as pathogenic to humans. The main aim of the current study was the molecular identification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of morphologically detected FLA in water sources in El-Qalyubia, Egypt. A total of 96 water samples were collected from different water sources. Each water sample was filtrated and cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA). Morphologically positive FLA were subjected to PCR, PCR products were sequenced and the obtained sequences were phylogenetically analysed. FLA were found in 41 water samples examined (42.7%). Nile water and groundwater were the sources with the highest prevalence rates (83.3 and 62.5%, respectively). Naegleria italica was first identified in Egypt from the waters of the Nile. In addition, Vahlkampfia spp. and Hartmannella spp. were also detected. However, other FLA species, including Acanthamoeba spp. and the pathogenic Naegleria fowleri, previously reported in Egypt, were not included in this study. The recent identification of these FLA in the Egyptian waters related to human populations indicates the need for more phylogenetic studies using larger sample sizes to investigate their potential threat to human health.
The Influence of Kidneys Ion Transport Inhibitors on the Pharmacokinetic and
Tumor Uptake Behaviors of a HER2-targeted Small Size Radiolabeled Peptide
Authors: Gharibkandi Nasrin Abbasi , Molavipordanjani Sajjad , Mardanshahi Alireza , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal 
Published: January 2022

Background:
HER2 over-expression plays a crucial role in the cancer treatment protocol. This study
evaluates the effectiveness of organic anion and cation transport inhibitors and substrate on the tumor uptake of
99mTc-HYNIC-(Ser)3-LTVPWY radiotracer in SKOV-3 tumor-bearing nude mice.

Methods:
Before the injection of the radiolabeled peptide, SKOV-3 tumor-bearing nude mice were treated with furosemide,
cimetidine, para-amino hippuric acid, and saline. The inhibition effects of the organic anion and cation
transport inhibitors were compared with the control group. In both treatment and control groups, the tumor and renal
accumulation of radiopeptide in mice bearing SKOV-3 tumors were assessed in biodistribution and SPECT imaging
studies.

Results:
The biodistribution and imaging results suggested that all treated groups showed a higher tumor and higher
normal tissue radioactivity compared to the control group. According to the tumor imaging study, the furosemidetreated
group had slightly better tumor uptake and a higher tumor to muscle uptake ratio than other treatment groups.

Conclusions:
Administration of furosemide (an OAT inhibitor) increased radioactivity accumulation in the kidneys
and blood and improved tumor radioactivity uptake. PAH (an anion transporter substrate) and cimetidine (an OCT
inhibitor) have a minor effect on the accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys and the acquired images.
Association between Delirium and Cognitive Impairment: Is there a Link?
Authors: Pistacchi Michele , Gioulis Manuela , Marsala Sandro Zambito 
Published: January 2022

Background:Delirium and dementia are both disorders involving global cognitive impairment that can occur separately or at the same time in the elderly.Objective:The aim of this study was to examine the frequency, correlation and relative risk between delirium and cognitive impairment in a prospective population study starting at basal line (onset of delirium) over a period of five years. The secondary aim was to determine any possible correlation between the kind of delirium and a specific type of dementia.Material and methods:We studied 325 patients, diagnosed according to the DSM-IV. The neuropsychological, moods and delirium disorders were evaluated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98, MMSE, Rey auditory-verbal learning test, Digit Span, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Raven Progressive Matrices, ADL and IADL.Results:The prevalence of delirium in our population was 89 cases (27.4%): 78 patients (48 women and 30 men) showed evolution toward dementia (mean age was 67.9 ± 6.1 years for men and 68.4 ± 9.1 for women), and 11 patients (5 men and 6 women) presented only isolated delirium without evolution toward cognitive impairment (mean age of men was 68.1 ± 5.1 years and of women 66.4 ± 7.1). The neuropsychological study of the patients with delirium with dementia evolution revealed statistically significant differences over time with statistically significant intergroup difference and predisposition toward depression.Conclusion:The association between delirium and cognitive impairment and the possible role of delirium as an early marker of neurodegenerative diseases need to be future investigated.
iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Invasion
Mechanism of Spiroplasma eriocheiris in 3T6 Cells
Authors: Zhang Juan , Gu Wei , Liu Peng , Ye Youyuan , Xiang Shasha , Li Yuxin , Zhu Chengbin , Chen Zixu , Hu Jie , Gen Ye , Lou Li , Duan Xuqi 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is a novel pathogen of freshwater crustaceans and
is closely related to S. mirum. They have no cell wall and a helical morphology. They have the ability
to infect mammals with an unclear mechanism.

Objective:
In this study, our aim was to investigate the profile of protein expression in 3T6 cells infected
with S. eriocheiris.

Methods:
The proteome of 3T6 cells infected by S. eriocheiris was systematically investigated by
iTRAQ.

Results:
We identified and quantified 4915 proteins, 67 differentially proteins were found, including
30 up-regulated proteins and 37 down-regulated proteins. GO term analysis shows that dysregulation
of adhesion protein , interferon and cytoskeletal regulation are associated with apoptosis. Adhesion
protein Vcam1 and Interferon-induced protein GBP2, Ifit1, TAPBP, CD63 ,Arhgef2 were
up-regulated. A key cytoskeletal regulatory protein, ARHGEF17 was down-regulated. KEGG pathway
analysis showed the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway , the Jak-STAT
signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling are closely related to apoptosis in vivo.

Conclusion:
Analysis of the signaling pathways involved in invasion may provide new insights for
understanding the infection mechanisms of S. eriocheiris.
Investigadores en Psicología Ambiental en Colombia
Authors: Castiblanco Angie Natalia , Rincón Darío León , Castiblanco-Moreno Suelen Emilia , Medina-Arboleda Iván Felipe 
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible se fundamenta, entre otros, en la consolidación de las comunidades científicas requeridas para el estudio e intervención social. Objetivo: El estudio caracteriza la formación, producción e impacto científico de los investigadores especializados en psicología ambiental en Colombia de acuerdo con el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Se recuperaron los productos registrados en la plataforma de Colciencias (ahora Ministerio de Ciencias de Colombia) a través de búsquedas de información estructuradas; y con base en estos se identificaron los perfiles de 36 investigadores. Resultados: En términos de formación, la ruta posgradual es diversa en programas de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Psicología, sin que la mayoría de las tesis de grado estén asociadas a las temáticas del campo. En cuanto a la producción, el índice de especialización en investigación muestra una baja participación de la psicología ambiental en la producción científica total; y un bajo impacto general de acuerdo con el Índice H especializado (1, 2 y sin cálculo en el 99 % casos). En todo caso, se identifica un grupo de investigadores recurrente entre medidas. Conclusiones. Los resultados se discuten en términos de la institucionalización de la psicología ambiental en Colombia a través de las relaciones interdisciplinares, en particular, a través de la educación ambiental.
Determinación de la Calidad Microbiológica del Río Toca-Boyacá, Sector Tuaneca abajo y el Centro
Authors: Cely-Ramírez Luz Edith , Pérez-Rubiano Claudia Constanza , Parra-Arias Helver , Galindo Daniel Humberto 
Published: January 2022

Introducción: el agua apta para el consumo humano es aquella que no representa un riesgo para la salud del consumidor teniendo en cuenta sus características organolépticas, físicas, químicas y bacteriológicas, pero dicha calidad es afectada por vertimientos de actividades domésticos, industriales y económicas (Gamboa et al., 2015). Objetivo: este estudio se hizo con el fin de determinar la calidad microbiológica del río Toca, sector Tuaneca abajo y el Centro, Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: en la cuenca, se establecieron cuatro puntos de muestreo, M1, M2, M3 y M4, en cada punto se colectaron muestras de 50 mL de agua con 20 réplicas, en frascos de vidrio estériles, las cuales fueron refrigeradas a 4°C en neveras de icopor y procesadas en el menor tiempo posible en el laboratorio de Microbiología de la UPTC; en donde se realizó cuantificación de mesófilos aerobios, mohos y levaduras mediante recuento en placa; coliformes totales y fecales se evaluaron mediante la técnica de Número más Probable (NMP). Resultados: el punto de muestreo M1 presentó los mayores valores de coliformes totales con un valor de 1100 NMP/100mL, coliformes fecales: 43 NMP/100mL; así como de mohos y levaduras 61X103 UFC/mL; y el punto con mayor valor de mesófilos aerobios fue 13X104 UFC/ mL que corresponde al M2. Los puntos M3 y M4 presentaron ausencia de coliformes totales. Conclusiones: en contraste con el Decreto 1594 de 1984, sobre usos del agua y residuos líquidos, el río Toca presenta mala calidad de agua en los puntos de muestreo M1 y M2, los cuales presentan actividad ganadera y vertimientos de aguas residuales domésticas.
Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento Ambiental en la Agroindustria
Authors: Cruz-Rodríguez Jonny Alexis , Bautista-Rodríguez Sandra Cecilia 
Published: January 2022

Introducción: el sector agroindustrial ha evolucionado debido a la necesidad de una producción diversificada, competitiva y con menores efectos negativos para el ambiente y las comunidades. Esto requiere que sus procesos se basen en la integración del conocimiento científico y tecnológico con los saberes y conocimientos locales. Objetivo: proponer un modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento (GC) ambiental en la agroindustria, para adquirir, transferir y utilizar conocimiento técnico y tradicional, útil en la toma de decisiones. Aportando a la mejora de su nivel tecnológico, económico, social y ambiental. Materiales y métodos: mediante una búsqueda sistemática de literatura, y el análisis de redes, se identifican y determinan los modelos de GC pertinentes a la agroindustria; posteriormente se analizan los actores del sector panelero mediante el método Recursos, Actividades, Resultados (RARe), identificando sus relaciones y necesidades de GC, finalmente se propone el modelo de gestión del conocimiento y sus procesos. Resultados: Los resultados inician con la definición de las relaciones entre objetivos de GC, los modelos, las herramientas y los procesos pertinentes a la agroindustria, segundo el mapeo de los actores, sus relaciones y necesidades de GC en el sector panelero, y tercero la propuesta del modelo de GC ambiental, implicaciones, acciones, facilitadores y potencializadores de la GC frente a mejorar las unidades productivas de panela desde el factor ambiental, tecnológico, social y político. Conclusiones: El modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento Ambiental propuesto se convierte una herramienta mediante el cual es posible articular la GC en el sector panelero permitiendo la socialización de conocimiento innovador entre los actores productores y los actores externos para poder llegar a tener potenciales beneficios y suplir las necesidades de gestionar conocimiento sobre el mejoramiento tecnológico y gestión ambiental.
Associations of Daily Steps and Step Intensity With Incident Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort Study of Older Women: The OPACH Study
Authors: Garduno Alexis C. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , LaMonte Michael J. , Dunstan David W. , Evenson Kelly R. , Wang Guangxing , Di Chongzhi , Schumacher Benjamin T. , Bellettiere John 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
The primary aim was to assess associations between total steps per day and incident diabetes, whereas the secondary aim was to assess whether the intensity and/or cadence of steps is associated with incident diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Women without physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 4,838; mean [SD] age 78.9 [6.7] years) were followed up to 6.9 years; 395 developed diabetes. Hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers worn for 1 week enabled measures of total, light-intensity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity (MV-intensity) steps per day. Using Cox proportional hazards analysis we modeled adjusted change in the hazard rate for incident diabetes associated with total, light-intensity, and MV-intensity steps per day. We further estimated the proportion of the steps-diabetes association mediated by BMI.

RESULTS
On average, participants took 3,729 (SD 2,114) steps/day, of which 1,875 (791) were light-intensity steps and 1,854 ± 1,762 were MV-intensity. More steps per day were associated with a lower hazard rate for incident diabetes. Confounder-adjusted models for a 2,000 steps/day increment yielded hazard ratio (HR) 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–1.00; P = 0.046). After further adjustment for BMI, HR was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80–1.02; P = 0.11). BMI did not significantly mediate the steps-diabetes association (proportion mediated = 17.7% [95% CI −55.0 to 142.0]; P = 0.09]). The relationship between MV-intensity steps per day (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.74–1.00]; P = 0.04) and incident diabetes was stronger than for light-intensity steps per day (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.73–1.29]; P = 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that for older adults, more steps per day are associated with lower incident diabetes and MV-intensity steps are most strongly associated with a lower hazard of diabetes. This evidence supports that regular stepping is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes prevention in older adults.