bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Call the Psychiatrist! - Study about Delirium in the context of liaison psychiatry
Authors: Fonseca Vaz I. , Mouta S. , Jesus B. , Castro S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDelirium is characterized as a short-term consciousness and cognition disturbance which tends to fluctuate during the course of the day. It is a common and serious problem, mainly in hospitalized older adults, potentially avoidable and often poorly recognized.ObjectivesWe propose an analysis on the theme through a work that evaluates the requests for psychiatric consultation made in a district hospital in Portugal during the course of 12 months.MethodsWe identified all patients on the requests for psychiatric consultation and obtained a demographic, clinical and consultation requests by medical specialties data and conducted statistical analysis using Excel.ResultsWe identified 106 consultation requests, in which 41 cases were eventually diagnosed as delirium. Most (83%) were hyperactive delirium, 12% were hypoactive delirium and 5% were mixed delirium. Incidence was higher in males (59%) and in those aged between 66 and 80 years old (56.1%). Most consultation requests were made by Internal Medicine (46.3%), followed by General Surgery (26.8%), Pulmonology (14.6%), Orthopedics (9.8%) and Neurology (2.5%). Finally, we analyzed which symptoms mentioned in the request made physicians consider requesting a psychiatric evaluation. Approximately half of the cases (48.8%) reported psychomotor agitation, followed by temporal/spatial disorientation (41.5%) and aggressive behaviour (17.1%).ConclusionsWe highlight a still notorious lack of proper identification of delirium, resulting in symptoms being incorrectly interpreted as a psychiatric disorder. This may cause a delay in the adequate diagnosis and management of the condition, increasing the morbidity and mortality of patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The relationship between proactive coping and mindfulness: cross-cultural analysis
Authors: Belinskaya E. , Djuraeva M. , Tihomandritskaya O. , Dubovskaya E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe inconsistency of the available empirical data on personal and situational predictors of effective coping allows us to make an assumption about the presence of mediating variables. Their search can be centered both on the inclusion of parameters of a higher socio-cognitive level in the analysis, and on the procedural characteristics of coping, one of which is proactivity in coping. The construct of mindfulness satisfies both of these requirements.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify cross-cultural differences in the relationship between proactive coping strategies and the level of mindfulnessMethodsFive Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (“eastern” awareness), Scale of Mindfulness (“western” awareness), Proactive Coping Invertory. The sample was N = 452 (residents of Russia and Uzbekistan, age 18-25)ResultsFor Russians and Uzbeks, the indicators of “western” awareness are associated with the attitude to potential difficulties as a source of positive experience and with reflection in case of their occurrence of possible behaviors, cognitive assessment of their own resources and prediction of results, as well as with such a proactivity strategy as the search for instrumental support. Intercultural differences were noted in terms of “eastern” awareness: for Uzbeks, they are associated with a proactive coping strategy, and for Russians – with reflexive coping.ConclusionsMindfulness has the potential of meta-cognitive function in a situation of assessing possible life difficulties and choosing proactive coping strategies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: The Underrecognized Diagnosis but True Disease
Authors: Bellman V. , Zolnikov T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMultiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by adverse health effects due to exposure to common chemicals which may lead to disability. The pervasive nature of stigma associated with MCS and similar conditions, including that which exists among providers, creates unbearable barriers to healthcare access.ObjectivesThe main objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the symptoms associated with MCS, (2) determine whether environmental exposure has an impact on psychological well-being of patients with MCS.MethodsThe qualitative phenomenological study consisting of 42 individuals presenting with medically-unexplained symptoms was conducted using semi-structured interviews.ResultsThe symptoms experienced by participants with MCS are diverse, with common symptoms being migraine, paresthesias, seizure-like attacks, allergic reactions, respiratory symptoms (e.g., SOB, swollen throat), GI distress, muscle pain, chronic fatigue and persistent insomnia. These symptoms always develop in response to low level exposures to various toxicants, recur reproducibly and improve when toxic agents are removed. Finally, the adults with MCS are more likely to experience significant affective and PTSD-like reactions. The participants stated the stigmas and misconceptions against those with toxicant sensitivities affected their mental wellness.ConclusionsMultiple clinically significant behavioral and psychological symptoms are associated with MCS. Our data suggested that diagnostic overshadowing is pervasive in the healthcare system. This study also highlights the importance of psychological interventions and doctor–patient relationship in the management of MCS in various settings. Public education to increase knowledge around environmental illness is paramount.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prevalence of alcohol use disorder among the Latvian general population and associations with the PHQ-9 screening results and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Vinogradova V.V. , Kivite-Urtane A. , Vrublevska J. , Rancans E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBoth alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression are potentially disabling and economically burdensome disorders. There is no available information about the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the general population of Latvia.ObjectivesTo determine the 12-month prevalence of AUD and the association with depressive symptoms and socio-demographic factors among the Latvian general population.MethodsComputer assisted face-to-face interviews were carried out in 2019-2020 among a representative sample of the Latvian adult population (n=2687). The study sample was selected using a stratifyed random sampling method. The respondents were interviewed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (a score of ≥10 was defined as indicating the presence of a clinically relevant depressive symptoms) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was applied.ResultsThere were 1238 males (46.1%) and 1449 females (53.9%) recruited. Mean age of respondents was 49.9 (SD 18.2). The 12-month prevalence of AUD according to the M.I.N.I was 13.1% with a statistically significant difference between the genders: 23.6% in men and 4.1% in women (p<0.001). AUD was significantly more prevalent among the respondents younger than 40 years: 18.0% (p<0.001), especially among young (18-44 y.o.) men – 28.1% of all diagnosed cases (p<0.001); There was found an association between the severity stage of AUD and PHQ-9 screening results: 18.8% of those diagnosed with severe AUD had a score greater than 10 points in the PHQ-9 (p<0.001).ConclusionsYoung men are at particularly high risk of alcohol use disorder. Those with diagnosed alcohol use disorder should be also screened for the depressive symptoms.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Are Neurotrophin Genes Involved in the Pathophysiology of Gambling Disorder?
Authors: Baenas I. , Solé-Morata N. , Etxandi M. , Granero R. , Gené M. , Barrot C. , Gorwood P. , Ramoz N. , Fernandez-Aranda F. , Jimenez-Murcia S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionGambling Disorder (GD) is considered a multifactorial behavioral addictive disorder, leading to severe psychological, social and economic consequences. Previous studies have investigated genetic mechanisms underlying GD. Growing literature showed a possible link between addiction-related disorders and neurotrophic factors (NTF), involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Thus, the study of NTF genes emerged as promising targets in the field of GD.ObjectivesTo evaluate genetic implications of the NTF family in the pathophysiology GD. We hypothesized the involvement of some NTF genes polymorphisms in the onset and progression of GD as potential biological risk factors.MethodsThe sample was composed by 166 individuals with GD and 191 healthy controls. 36 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from NTF (NGF, NGFR, NTRK1, BDNF, NTRK2, NTF3, NTRK3, NTF4, CNTF and CNTFR) were selected and genotyped. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype constructions were assessed, related to the presence of GD. Moreover, regulatory elements overlapping the identified SNPs variants associated with GD was also analyzed.Results6 SNPs were potentially associated to GD after the comparisons of allele frequencies between groups. Single and multiple-marker analyses showed a strong association between both NTF3 and NTRK2 genes, and GD.ConclusionsThis study suggests the implication of NTF genes in the development of GD, being the altered cross-regulation of some NTF factors signalling pathways, a potential biological vulnerability factor in GD. Fundings and Acknowledgements: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-101837-B-100) Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2017I067, 2019I47), Instituto Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI17/01167, PI20/00132) and CIBERObn, an initiative of ISCIII.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The association between gender expression, beliefs about alcohol, coping skills, and alcohol consumption in post-secondary students at two Canadian universities
Authors: Bahji A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionUnlike sex, the association between gender and high-risk drinking has been relatively understudied in post-secondary students. Gender expression may influence the use of protective coping strategies and beliefs about alcohol.ObjectivesThis study evaluated associations between gender expression, protective coping strategies, beliefs about alcohol, and high-risk alcohol use in post-secondary students.MethodsWe analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 3,446 undergraduate students at two Canadian universities in October 2017. The primary outcome was high-risk drinking during the previous month, measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score. We evaluated gender expression (masculine, feminine, androgynous, and undifferentiated), protective coping strategies, and beliefs about alcohol using validated scales. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between gender expression and AUDIT scores.ResultsThe most prevalent gender expression was androgynous (35.1% overall), while the undifferentiated role was the least prevalent (17.4% overall). Those who adhered to an androgynous gender role (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.90) were significantly more likely to engage in problem drinking. In addition, greater scores on the protective behavioural strategies scale were associated with reduced odds of problem drinking (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.97) while higher alcohol saliency scores were associated with higher odds of problem drinking (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13).ConclusionsHigher protective behavioural strategies and lower alcohol salience beliefs were associated with lower alcohol use. Androgynous gender roles were associated with high-risk alcohol use.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Modern-type depression and web-based psychopathology in a cohort of Italian university students
Authors: Orsolini L. , Bellagamba S. , Longo G. , Tempia Valenta S. , Salvi V. , Volpe U. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHikikomori represents the severe social withdrawal condition of the so-called ‘modern type-depression” (MTD). Digital addictions, including Internet addiction (IA), Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and smartphone addiction, have been associated with MTD and Hikikomori.ObjectivesThis is a post-hoc study aimed at assessing digital addictions in a cohort of university students with a positive screening for MTD and Hikikomori.MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted by administering the Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-11), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) and the Smartphone addiction scale-Short Version (SAS-SV).ResultsAmong 1,148 respondents, a significant association was found between the HQ-11 scale and the DASS-21 total score (r=0.434). The HQ-11 positively correlated with IAT, IGDS9-SF and SAS-SV (r=0.329; r=0.292 and r=0.205 respectively).ConclusionsDigital addictions appear to be widely diffuse among university students positive to the Hikikomori and MTD screening. Further longitudinal studies are needed to weight and balance the potential consequences of digital tools in Hikikomori subjects.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Growing use of valproic acid in substance use disorders
Authors: Romão J. , Gonçalves M. , Ribeiro M. , André R. , Saraiva R. , Abreu M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionValproic acid is an antiepileptic drug used in different fields of Psychiatry. It is known mostly for its use in managing patients with bipolar affective disorder. In psychiatry of addiction, there is still no approved indications for its usage, but it is widely prescribed in treating alcohol and cocaine abuse, due to the existence of studies in these addictions.ObjectivesThis review aims to clarify the relation between valproic acid and dependences, particularly cocaine.MethodsNon-systematic literature review using a PubMed search, using the following key words: “valproate”; “cocaine use”.ResultsCocaine dependence can decrease GABA levels in humans. Valproic acid has multiple mechanisms that favour the synthesis of GABA, potentiating its release and postsynaptic GABAergic response. Because of this, valproic acid was found effective in promoting abstinence and in reducing the use of cocaine. There are studies that support the valproic acid’s use in alcohol and cocaine dependences. Valproic acid has been shown to be promising in relapse prevention. It has also showed efficacy in the management of impulsivity and irritability, what makes it useful in managing patients with borderline personality disorder – patients at higher risk for alcohol or substance use disorders.ConclusionsCocaine addiction involves different phenomena and may respond to distinct pharmacologic approaches. Although some studies need to be confirmed by larger clinical trials, valproic acid seems a promising agent as one of some potential treatments for cocaine dependence. Further studies are required in this field to come to more reliable conclusions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Eating Disorders
Authors: Treasure J. 
Published: September 2022

Covid had a profound impact on services for eating disorders because of the huge increase in demand. Nevertheless, services quickly adopted a virtual form of working. This rapid change in prevalence was attributed to a number of factors, including a general increase in fear and fragmented social functioning, with a specific accentuation of higher risk associated with body weight. Recent advances in the conceptualisation of eating disorders include a move from a transdiagnostic to a more to a personalised approach. For example, it has been further demonstrated that reducing the duration of untreated illness within three years of onset is associated with a better outcome (1). This has led to the rollout of FREED, an early intervention service in the UK. Genetic associations have been compared and contrasted across the spectrum of eating disorders. People with binge eating disorders share a profile with those at risk of metabolic syndrome whereas people with anorexia nervosa have the opposite profile (2). This reconceptualization of eating disorders as conditions with both brain and body underpinnings has led to new treatment approaches. For example, there have been small proof of concept studies in which metreleptin has been administered. These show promise with rapid reductions in depression and other symptoms (3, 4). Meanwhile the value of “experts by experience,” in co designing and delivering services is an area of active investigation which offers the much needed potential of improving treatment outcomes (5).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Protective effects of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Mifepristone on fear memory extinction impairment in a rat model of PTSD
Authors: Liu Y.-P. , Lin C.-C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCentral glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been found to play an important role in the interpretation of cognitive abnormalities of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly focused on the extinction failure of fear memory. Potential of using GR antagonist as a pharmacological agent to prevent PTSD-related fear memory disruption is worth investigating.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine whether GR antagonist Mifepristone (RU486) administered before single prolonged stress (SPS) can prevent rats from fear memory extinction impairment.MethodsIn the present study, SPS was employed in rats to induce a rodent model of PTSD. 60 minutes before SPS, RU486 (20 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Seven days after SPS, rats received a protocol of behavioral testing to measure their abilities of specific fear memory (by a cue-dependent fear conditioning paradigm) and nonspecific spatial memory (by T-maze). Neurochemically, we measured plasma corticosterone with or without dexamethasone suppression, activation ratio of GR and levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in amygdala, paraventricular nucleus, dorsal and ventral hippocampus.ResultsOur results found that RU486 exerted protective effects on SPS-induced fear extinction impairment. Corticosterone of SPS-RU486 rats was less suppressed by dexamethasone. GR became less activated in dorsal hippocampus of SPS-RU486
rats.ConclusionsThe findings supported the utility of GR antagonism in preventing the development of PTSD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The outcomes of the computerized training of cognitive functions in patients with MCI in epilepsy
Authors: Blazhina I. , Korostiy V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCognitive impairments have a considerable impact on the functioning of patients, their socialization and level of disability. Cognitive deficits significantly deteriorate the quality of patients’ life. Currently, the possibilities of pharmacological correction of cognitive disorders in patients with epilepsy are limited.ObjectivesStudy of non-pharmacological program of cognitive disorder correction in patients with epilepsy and the assessment of its efficiency.MethodsWe have studied the features of clinical and psychopathological manifestations in patients suffering from epilepsy. The study included 146 patients with epilepsy (85 men and 61 women) who were receiving inpatient care. The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: MOCA test, Mini Mult test, Münsterberg test, depression and Hamilton anxiety scale, quality of life scale. 63 patients received cognitive training online, of which 30 patients also used psychoeducation methods.ResultsAccording to the MoCA findings, patients with epilepsy showed cognitive decline, the average score was 20.72, whereas healthy persons’ average score was 27.36. The Quality of Life Scale: the average rate among all examined persons was 69.45 out of 100, 78.60 were the results of healthy persons. In patients with PG1, who used cognitive training and psychoeducation the results of the MoCA test showed an improvement in cognitive functions (1.4, p <0.001) and increased subjective assessment of quality of life (2.77, p <0.05).ConclusionsThe study of the use of cognitive training and psychoeducation in patients with epilepsy for cognitive functions, quality of life resulted in a positive outcome. Cognitive online training is an encouraging area in the rehabilitation of patients with cognitive decline.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Personal Health Budget: a new rehabilitation approach for severe mental illness within a caring community
Authors: Pelizza L. , Maestri D. , Leuci E. , Paulillo G. , Ceroni P. , Quattrone E. , Pellegrini P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPersonal Health Budget (PHB) has been provided to consumers with severe mental illness within a policy shift toward a person-tailored mental healthcare treatment based on individual unmet needs. PHB is an amount of money to support patient’s health and wellbeing needs, which is planned and agreed between patients and their local NHS team. It is not new money, but it may mean spending money differently so that patients can get the care that they need. However, evidence of beneficial effects of PHB is still scarce.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to provide preliminary data on clinical and social benefits of adding PHB to a standard pharmacotherapy in patients with severe mental illness across a 24-month follow-up period.Methods137 individuals with severe mental illness (aged 18–50 years) were recruited in one of the adult mental health services of an Italian Department of Mental Health. They completed the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Friedman’s test for repeated measure was used to assess the longitudinal stability of functioning and clinical parameters. A linear regression analysis was also performed.ResultsA significant decrease in all GAF scale, HoNOS and BPRS scores along the 24 months of follow-up was observed. Regression analysis results specifically showed a relevant association between a PHB multiaxial intervention and the longitudinal reduction in BPRS ‘Negative Symptoms’ and HoNOS ‘Social Problems’ subscores.ConclusionsOur findings support the useful implementation of a PHB approach for severe mental illness patients within the Italian mental health service network.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Does technology-based interventions in psychosis improved functioning and quality of life? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morales-Pillado C. , Sanchez-Gutierrez T. , Fernandez-Castilla B. , Barbeito S. , Gonzalez-Fraile E. , Calvo A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTechnology-based interventions (TBIs), including computer and Internet-based interventions, mobile interventions, health applications, social media interventions, and interventions using technological devices, could become a useful, effective, accessible, and cost-effective approach (Berry et al., 2016; Firth, 2016) to complement conventional interventions for psychosisObjectivesto compare TBIs with conventional interventions for psychosis, focusing mainly on functioning and quality of life.MethodsThe systematic review preceding this work was based on 58 RCT of TBIs for psychosis. We selected the studies that analyzed functioning (N = 23) and quality of life (N = 15). We calculated the standardized mean change (SMC) and applied a three-level model because there were several effect sizes within the same study.ResultsThere were significant differences between TBIs and conventional interventions for functioning (d = 0.25, SE = 0.09, z = 2.72, p = <.01), but not for quality of life (d = 0.14, SE = 0.08, z = 1.78, p = .076) in patients with psychosis.ConclusionsOn average, patients who received TBIs performed better in functioning, but not in quality of life. Functioning is impaired in patients with psychosis, so TBIs should be considered a complement and efficacious intervention, highlighting the power of these type of interventions in improving some outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.