bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuando la realidad supera la ficción: la operación RYAN (1981-1991)
Authors: Colom Guillem 
Published: September 2022

RYAN fue la mayor operación de inteligencia llevada a cabo por la Unión Soviética en toda su historia. Activa entre 1981 y la caída del Telón de Acero, esta misión pretendía detectar, prevenir y neutralizar un ataque con misiles nucleares por sorpresa. En 1983, coincidiendo con las maniobras aliadas Able Archer 83, los mayores temores soviéticos parecieron hacerse realidad y Moscú se preparó para lanzar un ataque preventivo. Basándose en fuentes primarias recientemente ­desclasificadas, el artículo analiza estos sucesos que pusieron el mundo al borde de un holocausto nuclear.
SOCIAL MEDIA, YOUTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOW-RISK ACTIVISM: A CASE STUDY OF SAVESHARKS INDONESIA CAMPAIGN ON TWITTER
Authors: Hersinta Hersinta , Sofia Adithiyasanti 
Published: September 2022

The lack of understanding and awareness on shark’s conservation in Indonesia is still largely found. Evidently, it could be seen from the massive reducing number of shark’s population, irresponsible consumption of shark meat, and constant activities on illegal, unregulated and unreported shark fishing and finning in Indonesia. On the other hand, shark existence is considered critical for sustainability in the marine area. In 2012, Savesharks Indonesia has started an online campaign on Twitter as their effort to raise public awareness of the critical role of sharks’ conservation. However, social media activism has the possibility to lead into ‘slacktivism’, or ‘feel good’ activism; without creating a meaningful impact for the cause. This article is intended to explore the relationship between online environmental activism and its implication toward the cause. On the first stage, we analyse the Twitter content in 2014 Savesharks campaign – based on Lovejoy & Saxton (2012) framework of communicative functions in Twitter environmental advocacy. On the second stage, we conduct interviews with informants who represent Savesharks’ campaign audience – to investigate the level of activism that the audience refers to in this campaign. Results indicate that Savesharks Indonesia online activism has reached the action stage where the audience were involved not only in online realm of activism but also in offline forms. However, the online activism of Savesharks Indonesia was reflecting more of a “populist political activism” (Lim, 2013). As such, it is still questionable whether the activism could lead to tangible political actions (e.g. influencing the environmental policies).
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Agen Asuransi Melalui Komunikasi Pemasaran Personal Selling Dalam Penjualan Polis Asuransi pada PT Pudential Syariah Binjai
Authors: Ramadhani Tri Azmi , Lubis Fauzi Arif 
Published: September 2022

Insurance is a product of goods or services that are visible and there is no clarity on the goods, therefore many people do not trust insurance for various reasons. Some of the most common reasons found related to insurance are procedures that are considered difficult to process claims, and premium rates that are too high. Sales of insurance products is one of the product sales whose development is largely determined by the company's efforts in marketing its products to the public. PT. Prudential Syariah Binjai conducts personal selling with the aim of explaining the products offered. Personal Selling is one of the promotional mix which is an oral presentation by the company to one or several prospective buyers with the aim that the goods or services offered can be sold. The data analysis method used is descriptive method with qualitative data that has been obtained through direct data from the company. The results showed that the personal selling activities carried out by PT. Prudential Syariah Binjai not only provides presentations or explains in detail but also provides seminars and training to prospective customers.
Keywords: Insurance, Personal Selling, Product
Program Yuk Nabung Saham terhadap Minat Investasi pada Kelompok UKM di Kota Medan Sumatera Utara
Authors: Liana Vega , Silalahi Purnama Ramadani , Ayuni Putri , Syahputra Rifandi 
Published: September 2022

Let's invest in SME organizations in Medan, North Sumatra, and save stock for investment interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the "Yuk Saving Stock" program on SME investment interest in Medan, North Sumatra. In this study, the survey method was chosen as a research method. by gathering both primary and secondary information. Purposive sampling was used to choose the study site, and the t-test with simple linear regression was used to assess the results. The results show that the size of the independent variable fraction (x) explaining the Y variable may be determined using the correlation coefficient and determination coefficient. The strong and unidirectional relationship between savings shares and investment interests in Medan City UKM is indicated by the correlation value of 0.827. The percentage of shares that may explain the variable investment interest has a coefficient of determination of variation of 0.827, or 82.7 percent; the remaining 13.7 percent is explained by other variables not examined in this study.
Keywords : Saving Stocks and Investment Interest
You teach me and I’ll teach you: The role of social interactions on positivity elicited from playing Pokémon GO
Authors: Khalis Adri , Ferrari Mario Anthony , Smit Sophie , Ewell Patrick J. , Mikami Amori Yee 
Published: September 2022

Augmented Reality video games such as Pokémon GO have a structure that encourages face-to-face social interactions between players, leading to potentially unique benefits for positivity (positive affect). This study investigated how participants’ social interactions while playing Pokémon GO relate to their positivity after gameplay, crucially, after accounting for other non-social factors typically associated with positivity (participants’ satisfaction with their game accomplishments). Participants were 108 Pokémon GO players, consisting of 54 dyads who signed up for the study together. Dyads were asked to play Pokémon GO together for eight sessions over 2 weeks, and to report on their gameplay experiences and positivity after each session. Multilevel modelling analyses revealed that more positive social interactions with their gameplay partner incrementally predicted participants’ greater positivity post-gameplay. The association between positive social interactions and greater positivity was accentuated for participants who reported more frequent noxious mood states (depressive symptoms) at the start of the study. Findings suggest that above and beyond typical contributions such as achieving game accomplishments, there may be affective benefits for Pokémon GO players from the social interactions they have within the game, especially for those with noxious mood states.
Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria: An Overview
Authors: Peters William Sidney , Belenky Vadim I. 
Published: September 2022

The Interim guidelines on the second generation intact stability criteria were approved by IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in December 2020 (MSC.1/Circ.1627). These were followed by MSC’s approval of Explanatory Notes to the Interim guidelines in April 2022. Under development internationally for nearly two decades, the second generation intact stability criteria are, in most respects, based on the assessment of the dynamics of stability failures. Therefore, they are unlike previous stability criteria that evaluate quantities of various common static stability parameters against established, but arbitrary, standards for compliance.
This paper provides an overview of the second generation intact stability criteria, explains how it is intended to be used, its relationship to existing international ship stability criteria, and describes a process by which practicing naval architects may use it. The paper also identifies possible shortcomings of the criteria and areas in which particular caution should be exercised in its use. Lastly, proposals for future enhancement of the criteria are summarized.
The Role of Mobile Applications in the Doctor’s Working Time Management System
Authors: Sviatenko Tetiana , Gogunska Inna , Semigina Tetyana , Kasianenko Liliya , Salei Olena , Prokopenko Maryna 
Published: September 2022

Background: Information technologies have become a mandatory component for health care institutions, as well as for doctors. Doctors’ use of medical mobile applications to access medical information has the potential to improve the use of their working time. Primary care physicians can use mobile applications to communicate with their patients, thereby improving the health of individual patients and the population as a whole.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of medical reference mobile applications by general practitioners in their medical practice.
Methods: The research was conducted through a sociological survey and a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis.
Results and Conclusions: The study found that in Ukraine, medical mobile applications are mainly reference, and their use allows doctors to improve decision-making and has a positive effect on the level of health of the population and the doctor’s working time management. The assessment of the duration of the appointment using applications showed that in most cases, the time of the consultation reduced to 15 minutes, which testifies to the improvement of this type of assistance to the population. Besides, the use of applications provides a significant reduction of the time for making a clinical decision by 5 minutes. We found a relationship between the average duration of the appointment, as well as the time for making a clinical decision and the frequency of using the mobile application during the working day. The hypothesis of a direct effect of an innovative approach (use of a mobile application) on the time of outpatient appointments by family doctors with a significance level of 0.05 was tested using statistical data analysis according to the Student's test. The presented results of the analysis of a medical experiment with general practitioners allowed drawing a conclusion about the positive impact of the use of mobile applications on the working time savings of general practitioners when providing medical services.
Evaluation of Frequency and Type of Severe Anemia in Patients Referred to the Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran in Six Months; A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jalalian Hamid Reza , Shasti Meysam , Mahmoudi Sadrollah , Goodarzi Hassan 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and types of severe unknown anemia in patients referred to the Baqiyatallah Hospital (Tehran) for six months.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients with severe unknown anemia referred to the Baqiyatallah Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were selected over six months. Following consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 230 patients with severe anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) > 8gr/dl) were included. Complete medical history was obtained from the patients and additional biochemical blood analyses were applied to determine the frequency and type of anemia. SPSS (v.19) software was used to analyze the findings and the significance level was defined as a p-value <0.05.
Results: In chronic disease anemia (47.5%), gastrointestinal bleeding-associated anemia (29%), bleeding malignancies anemia (21.5%), and aplastic anemia (2%). There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the frequency of different types of normocytic anemia. The highest frequency was detected in folate deficiency anemia (46%), hypothyroidism anemia (34%), and B12 deficiency anemia (20%), respectively. The hemolytic anemia represented a significant difference (p<0.05) in comparison with sickle cell anemia (95%). Also, sickle cell anemia showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between thalacemia-associated anemia (95%) and malignancy-related anemia (95%)
Conclusion: Respectively, the highest frequency of anemia in patients was found in chronic diseases and gastrointestinal bleeding. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the type of anemia of patients referred to the urgency of hospitals.
Validation of the Spanish version of the Technostress Creators Scale in Chilean Workers
Authors: Salazar-Concha Cristian , Ficapal-Cusí Pilar , Peñarroja Vicente , Enache-Zegheru Mihaela 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Technostress Creators Scale (TCS). The scale was administered to 1.047 Chilean professionals. The internal structure of the scale was tested by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The average variance extracted (AVE) and the Fornell–Larcker criterion were used to examine convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. To investigate concurrent validity, we focused on the relation between the TCS scale and role stress, which is a distinct, albeit conceptually related construct. Our findings supported a five-factor model consisting of 23 items distributed in five factors: techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity and techno-uncertainty. The Spanish version of the TCS had a high level of internal consistency, which was similar to the original scale. Appropriate evidence of concurrent validity was also shown. In addition, we conducted an international comparison of the research results with other relevant adaptations of the instrument reported in different cultural contexts. The results confirmed that the Spanish translation of the TCS is a suitable instrument for measuring technostress and can contribute to an empirical examination of this phenomenon in Spanish-speaking countries.
El propósito de esta investigación fue adaptar y validar al español el Inventario de Creadores de Tecnoestrés (ICT). La escala fue administrada a 1.047 trabajadores chilenos. Para analizar la estructura interna de la escala, se aplicaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. La varianza media extraída (AVE) y el criterio de Fornell-Larcker fueron utilizados para examinar la validez convergente y discriminante, respectivamente. Para valorar la validez concurrente, se ha analizado la relación entre la escala ICT y el estrés del rol, que es un constructo distinto, aunque conceptualmente relacionado. Nuestros resultados respaldaron un modelo que consta de 23 elementos distribuidos en cinco factores: tecno-sobrecarga, tecno-invasión, tecno-complejidad, tecno-inseguridad y tecno-incertidumbre. La versión en español del instrumento ofrece un alto nivel de consistencia interna, que es similar a la escala original. También se obtuvieron evidencias de validez concurrente. Además, se ha realizado una comparación internacional de los resultados de la investigación con otras adaptaciones relevantes del instrumento reportadas en diferentes contextos culturales. Los resultados confirmaron que la traducción al español del ICT es un instrumento adecuado para medir el tecnoestrés y puede contribuir a un examen empírico de este fenómeno en los países de habla hispana.
The Effect of Dentures’ Overnight Soaking in Distilled Water: A Mycological Pilot Study
Authors: Aoun Georges , Aoun Pamela , Sharrouf Wissam 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: In order to keep their dentures clean and properly stored, patients generally soak them in water at night. Candida albicans is a commensal yeast fungus that colonizes dentures, and in some conditions, it becomes an opportunistic pathogen and causes fungal infections known as candidiasis.
Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of distilled water on Candida albicans colonizing dentures.
Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (9 men, 11 women; age range 40-75 years) with complete maxillary dentures infected by Candida albicans were included in this study. The dentures of these patients were soaked in distilled water for 4 days (8 hours at night). Swab samples from the dentures were collected before and after distilled water use and examined mycologically.
Results: The Candida albicans colony counts increased after soaking the dentures in distilled water for 8 hours for 4 days.
Conclusion: Patients should be dissuaded from soaking their dentures overnight in distilled water as the result is a significant increase in fungal colonization.
Holding Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Executives Accountable as Responsible Corporate Officers
Authors: Daval C. Joseph Ross , Avorn Jerry , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceWhen a drug or medical device company violates federal law, the government has a powerful tool to use: the Park doctrine. The aim of the doctrine is to protect patients from the harms of an unsafe or fraudulent medical marketplace by targeting the executives who run the companies that make revenues on these products while violating federal law, rather than have that risk borne by patients or impersonal corporate entities; however, public reports of drug and device company executives being prosecuted in Park doctrine cases are uncommon.ObjectiveTo identify Park prosecutions and characterize their role in US Department of Justice (DOJ) enforcement efforts related to misconduct in the drug and medical device industry.Evidence ReviewA systematic search of Westlaw, Google Scholar, DOJ press releases, and the legal literature was conducted.FindingsThirteen cases of executives from 6 drug and medical device companies prosecuted under the Park doctrine since 2000 were identified. The prosecutions resulted in 11 guilty pleas and 2 jury trials, leading to 2 convictions. Of the 6 companies, 3 were drug manufacturers, 2 were medical device manufacturers, and 1 was a compounding pharmacy. All 3 drug manufacturers were opioid manufacturers, of which 2 executives were charged for unlawful promotion, and 1 was charged for manufacturing errors. Both device manufacturer executives were charged with unlawful promotion. All but 3 prosecutions alleged the defendants’ complicity or personal involvement in the misconduct, which Park does not require. By contrast, most large settlements with the DOJ over alleged misconduct in the past 2 decades did not result in individual liability for executives.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that the government has not exercised the full scope of its authority to prosecute corporate officials responsible for the illegal behavior of the drug and device companies they run. Enforcement under a reinvigorated Park doctrine could better promote the doctrine’s goal of protecting patients.
Dose rate versus gantry speed performance evaluation for slow gantry speeds using DICOM RT plans
Authors: Bredikin Alexander Z. , Walsh Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeVarian provides a DICOM RT Plan file that users can deliver to the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) panel to confirm the linear accelerator delivers consistent dose output across several regions of interest for varying dose rates and gantry speeds (DRGS). This work investigates if (a) the vendor‐provided DRGS DICOM RT Plan is valid within the gantry speed range of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments, and (b) if output constancy is maintained at those gantry speeds on a TrueBeam.MethodsPython code was written to iterate through all control points in the DICOM RT Plan files for 21 SBRT patients and the MU per degree values were calculated for each control point. A histogram was generated to illustrate how MU per degree was distributed among the control points from the patient plans. Then, the total number of MUs was increased in the vendor‐provided DRGS DICOM file to make a “modified DRGS DICOM RT Plan,” which surpasses the maximum MU per degree value found in the patient plans, forcing the gantry to travel at slow speeds and deliver more MU per degree over the same arc length (representative of those during SBRT treatment delivery). The modified DRGS DICOM RT Plan file was then delivered on a TrueBeam to acquire EPID images of the dose distribution. The EPID images were analyzed with Pylinac, a Python library that analyzes DICOM RT images acquired during routine linac QA.ResultsOver 83% of patient DICOM RT Plan control points had MU per degree values greater than the MU per degree values in the vendor‐provided DRGS DICOM file. The Pylinac analysis of the EPID‐acquired images found a maximum deviation of 0.4% from machine baselines.ConclusionsThe modified DRGS DICOM file can be used to determine if a TrueBeam linac is operating within specifications even when very low gantry speeds are reached.
Observation of H2 Evolution and Electrolyte Diffusion on MoS2 Monolayer by In Situ Liquid‐Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Park Anseong , Kim Joodeok , Kwak Seung Jae , Lee Jae Yoon , Lee Donghoon , Kim Sebin , Choi Back Kyu , Kim Sungin , Kwag Jimin , Kim Younhwa , Jeon Sungho , Lee Won Chul , Hyeon Taeghwan , Lee Chul‐Ho , Lee Won Bo , Park Jungwon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnit‐cell‐thick MoS2 is a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) owing to its tunable catalytic activity, which is determined based on the energetics and molecular interactions of different types of HER active sites. Kinetic responses of MoS2 active sites, including the reaction onset, diffusion of the electrolyte and H2 bubbles, and continuation of these processes, are important factors affecting the catalytic activity of MoS2. Investigating these factors requires a direct real‐time analysis of the HER occurring on spatially independent active sites. Herein, the H2 evolution and electrolyte diffusion on the surface of MoS2 are observed in real time by in situ electrochemical liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM). Time‐dependent LPTEM observations reveal that different types of active sites are sequentially activated under the same conditions. Furthermore, the electrolyte flow to these sites is influenced by the reduction potential and site geometry, which affects the bubble detachment and overall HER activity of MoS2.
A Universal Chemotactic Targeted Delivery Strategy for Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Zhiyong , Hu Jinglei , Chen Lin , Chen Tiantian , Tang Qianqian , Yu Bixia , Zhao Bo , Mao Chun , Wan Mimi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbove 50% of deaths can be attributed to chronic inflammatory diseases; thus, the construction of drug delivery systems based on effective interaction of inflammatory factors with chemotactic nanoparticles is meaningful. Herein, a zwitterion‐based artificial chemotactic nanomotor is proposed for universal precise targeting strategy in vivo, where the high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in inflammatory sites are used as a chemoattractant. Multidimensional static models, dynamic models, and in vivo models are established to evaluate chemotactic performance. The results show that the upregulated ROS and iNOS can induce the chemotaxis of nanomotors to diseased tissues in inflammation‐related disease models. Further, mesoscale hydrodynamics simulations are performed to explain the chemotactic behavior of the nanomotors. Such a chemotactic delivery strategy is expected to improve delivery efficiency and may be applicable to a variety of inflammatory diseases.