bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutations Accounting for Congenital Fibrinogen Disorders: An Update
Authors: Richard Maxime , Celeny David , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibrinogen is a complex protein that plays a key role in the blood clotting process. It is a hexamer composed of two copies of three distinct chains: Aα, Bβ, and γ encoded by three genes, FGA, FGB, and FGG, clustered on the long arm of chromosome 4. Congenital fibrinogen disorders (CFDs) are divided into qualitative deficiencies (dysfibrinogenemia, hypodysfibrinogenemia) in which the mutant fibrinogen molecule is present in the circulation and quantitative deficiencies (afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia) with no mutant molecule present in the bloodstream. Phenotypic manifestations are variable, patients may be asymptomatic, or suffer from bleeding or thrombosis. Causative mutations can occur in any of the three fibrinogen genes and can affect one or both alleles. Given the large number of studies reporting on novel causative mutations for CFDs since the review on the same topic published in 2016, we performed an extensive search of the literature and list here 120 additional mutations described in both quantitative and qualitative disorders. The visualization of causative single nucleotide variations placed on the coding sequences of FGA, FGB, and FGG reveals important structure function insight for several domains of the fibrinogen molecule.
Arthroscopic Resection of a Large Osteochondroma of the Femoral Neck Overlying the Neurovascular Bundle: A Case Report
Authors: Krueger Van Schaumburg , Dove James Houston , Cohen Eric , Tabaddor Ramin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOnly a few case reports have described the treatment of proximal femoral osteochondromas with excision using hip arthroscopy. We present the case of a 21-year-old male who presented with hip pain caused by an osteochondroma about the right femoral neck. Imaging obtained revealed a lesion that measured 4.4 × 3.2 × 5 cm abutting the neurovascular bundle along its anterior margin. After failed conservative measures, the patient underwent successful arthroscopic resection using two portals. This is the first case report presenting an arthroscopic resection of an osteochondroma located about the femoral neck adjacent to the neurovascular bundle.
The Influence of Flow Velocity in the Feeding Vessel on Flap Perfusion in Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Cho Jeongmok , Han Hyun Ho , Eom Jin Sup 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Contralateral perfusion of zones II and IV is critical to estimate the amount of fat necrosis and determine intraoperative flap sacrifice during autologous breast reconstruction. We aimed to determine whether perfusion of the contralateral side was affected by the peak flow velocity in the feeding vessels in the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) perforator free flap reconstructions.
Methods This was a retrospective review of patients who received DIEA perforator flap for autologous breast reconstruction from February to July 2020. Intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography and measurement software (Image J) were used to validate the perfusion of the contralateral side of the flap. Peak flow in the vessels was measured with duplex color Doppler and linear correlation was used to analyze the association between perfusion and blood flow velocity.
Results Forty-two patients received a DIEP flap. The average age of the patients was 48.5 years, and body mass index was 23.84 kg/m2. Peak flow velocity of the internal mammary artery (IMA) was significantly higher than that of the DIEA (p <0.05). Contralateral perfusion confirmed by ICG angiography was higher in the IMA than in the DIEA (p <0.05). A linear correlation was found between peak speed (p = 0.045) and ICG perfusion length (p = 0.00003).
Conclusion The status of flap perfusion depends on the feeding vessel. The velocity of blood flow between IMA and DIEA is different, and the flap perfusion varies accordingly. Therefore, ICG angiography should be performed after anastomosis at the recipient site for an accurate assessment.
Nonlinear collision shifts of the 0–0 hyperfine transition due to van der Waals molecule formation
Authors: Camparo James 
Published: January 2022

We consider the origin of nonlinear collision shifts for the 0–0 hyperfine transition in alkali/noble-gas systems due to van der Waals molecule formation. Developing a semi-empirical model, we describe the shift as arising from three fundamental interactions: (1) a fractional change in the alkali’s valence electron density at the alkali nucleus, η, which affects the hyperfine contact term; (2) a mixing of p-wavefunction character into the alkali ground state (characterized by the probability for p-state character appearing in the perturbed wavefunction ξ12), which gives rise to an electric quadrupole term in the ground-state hyperfine splitting; and (3) an interaction of the alkali’s valence electron with the magnetic field produced by molecular rotation, characterized by a magnetic field strength BvdW. In addition to these molecular parameters, the model also depends on the formation rate of van der Waals molecules, kfP2, and the breakup rate of the molecules, kbP, where P is the noble-gas pressure. Fitting the model to the 85Rb/Xe and 87Rb/Xe experimental data of McGuyer and co-workers (and taking previously measured values for kf and BvdW), we find that η = 9 × 10−3, ξ12 = 5 × 10−3, and kb = 2.9×107 s−1/Torr.
Direct observation of reversible liquid–liquid transition in a trehalose aqueous solution
Authors: Suzuki Yoshiharu 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Recent studies on liquid water suggest that the two liquid waters exist in the supercooled temperature region and that their existence relates to the anomalous behavior of low-temperature liquid water such as the maximum density at 4 °C. However, the experimental investigation of two liquid waters is difficult because of the rapid crystallization. In this study, a reversible liquid–liquid transition in a trehalose aqueous solution by the change in pressure was observed directly. This result suggests strongly that two liquid waters exist in the aqueous solution. This study has implications for wide fields related to liquid water, such as solution chemistry, cryobiology, meteorology, and food engineering.
When danger strikes: A linguistic tool for tracking America’s collective response to threats
Authors: Choi Virginia K. , Shrestha Snehesh , Pan Xinyue , Gelfand Michele J. 
Published: January 2022

SignificancePeople are constantly exposed to threatening language in mass communication channels, yet we lack tools to identify language about threats and track its impact on human groups. We developed a threat dictionary, a computationally derived linguistic tool that indexes threat levels from texts with high temporal resolution, across media platforms, and for different levels of analysis. The dictionary shows convergent validity with objective threats in American history, including violent conflicts, natural disasters, and pathogen outbreaks. Moreover, fluctuations in threat levels from the past 100 years coincide with America’s shifting cultural norms, political attitudes, and macroeconomic activity, demonstrating how this linguistic tool can be applied to understand the collective shifts associated with mass communicated threats.
No sustained increase in zooarchaeological evidence for carnivory after the appearance ofHomo erectus
Authors: Barr W. Andrew , Pobiner Briana , Rowan John , Du Andrew , Faith J. Tyler 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceMany quintessential human traits (e.g., larger brains) first appear inHomo erectus. The evolution of these traits is commonly linked to a major dietary shift involving increased consumption of animal tissues. Early archaeological sites preserving evidence of carnivory predate the appearance ofH. erectus, but larger, well-preserved sites only appear after the arrival ofH. erectus. This qualitative pattern is a key tenet of the “meat made us human” viewpoint, but data from sites across eastern Africa have not been quantitatively synthesized to test this hypothesis. Our analysis shows no sustained increase in the relative amount of evidence for carnivory after the appearance ofH. erectus, calling into question the primacy of carnivory in shaping its evolutionary history.
The impact of a poverty reduction intervention on infant brain activity
Authors: Troller-Renfree Sonya V. , Costanzo Molly A. , Duncan Greg J. , Magnuson Katherine , Gennetian Lisa A. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Halpern-Meekin Sarah , Fox Nathan A. , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
This study demonstrates the causal impact of a poverty reduction intervention on early childhood brain activity. Data from the Baby’s First Years study, a randomized control trial, show that a predictable, monthly unconditional cash transfer given to low-income families may have a causal impact on infant brain activity. In the context of greater economic resources, children’s experiences changed, and their brain activity adapted to those experiences. The resultant brain activity patterns have been shown to be associated with the development of subsequent cognitive skills.
Spin eigenmodes of skyrmion bags
Authors: Zeng Zhaozhuo , Song Chengkun , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, magnetic skyrmion bags have been numerically and experimentally discovered in a thick FeGe plate. Here, we systematically investigated the spin eigenmodes of skyrmion bags in a confined magnetic disk. A weak peak at lower frequency is found for the skyrmion bags with Q ≠ 0 rather than skyrmionium due to the reduced rotational symmetry. In addition, it is found that a lot of spin eigenmodes for skyrmion bags which are more complex than the breathing mode of ordinary skyrmion can also be excited due to the inner interaction between skyrmions. Afterward, the spin eigenmodes at different external fields as well as in different disk sizes are further investigated. The results reveal rich physical phenomena and help us understand the interactions between skyrmions well. In addition, it can also be used as a detection and characterization mechanism for skyrmion bags.
Analysis of the efficiency improvement of 273 nm AlGaN UV-C micro-LEDs
Authors: Qian Zeyuan , Zhu Shijie , Shan Xinyi , Yin Pan , Yuan Zexing , Qiu Pengjiang , Wang Zhou , Cui Xugao , Tian Pengfei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
UV-C LEDs have great application prospects in the fields of sterilization, disinfection, and non-line-of-sight solar-blind communication. However, their efficiency is currently not high enough to satisfy these applications and needs to be improved. In this work, AlGaN based UV-C LEDs (273 nm) with size from 8 to 200 μm were fabricated to evaluate the size effect of external quantum efficiency (EQE). Higher EQE was detected in smaller-size UV-C micro-LEDs. Simulations on EQE were performed. The analysis on experimental data and the simulation results reveals that higher EQE originates from both higher internal quantum efficiency at high current densities due to better current spreading and higher light extraction efficiency (LEE) due to the larger proportion of sidewall. From the efficiency improvement mechanism, it is concluded that the most sever current density non-uniformity and LEE loss of UV-C devices compared with visible or near ultraviolet LEDs can be effectively restrained by preparing micro-LEDs. Our work helps to optimize the efficiency characteristics for UV-C applications.
Single-crystal growth and magnetic anisotropy in PrFe2Ga8
Authors: Wang Cuixiang , Wang Xingyu , Jia Ke , Wang Le , Yan Dayu , Feng Hai L , Li Shiliang , Shi Youguo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Single crystals of PrFe2Ga8 were successfully grown by using Ga self-flux. PrFe2Ga8 crystallizes in the CaCo2Al8-type orthorhombic structure with the space group Pbam (no. 55). By combining the results from the magnetic-susceptibility, specific-heat, and resistivity measurements, we show that PrFe2Ga8 exhibits a magnetic order at 14 K. For H // c, the antiferromagnetic order can be suppressed by magnetic fields. However, the magnetic order is robust against magnetic fields for H ⊥ c. Our results provide basic physical properties of PrFe2Ga8 and will help to further understand the magnetism in this system.
Estimation of population exposure to terrestrial gamma rays in Canada
Authors: Chen Jing , Ford Ken 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on ground gamma ray spectrometry surveys conducted from 2007 to 2010 in populated areas across Canada (i.e. in southern Canada, excluding the northern territories), and with consideration of the exposure outdoors and indoors in various types of buildings as well as exposure to radionuclides in building materials (assuming most building materials are of local origin), the population-weighted annual effective dose from exposure to terrestrial gamma rays was estimated to be 167 ± 43 μSv. Under Canadian-specific average occupancy times, indoor exposures at home contribute 69% of the total annual effective dose, followed by 19% from indoor exposures other than at home, 6.2% from outdoor exposures and 5.8% from exposures inside vehicles. This assessment with measurements in a total of 1057 sites in populated areas across Canada is in general agreement with earlier assessments based on airborne gamma surveys mostly over unpopulated areas of Canada and truck-borne radiometric surveys along paved urban roads in four cities.
Plasma-based positron sources at EuPRAXIA
Authors: Sarri Gianluca , Calvin Luke , Streeter Matthew 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plasma-based positron sources are attracting significant attention from the research community, thanks to their rather unique characteristics, which include broad energy tuneability and ultra-short duration, obtainable in a compact and relatively inexpensive setup. Here, we show a detailed numerical study of the positron beam characteristics obtainable at the dedicated user target areas proposed for the EuPRAXIA facility, the first plasma-based particle accelerator to be built as a user facility for applications. It will be shown that MeV-scale positron beams with unique properties for industrial and material science applications can be produced, alongside with GeV-scale positron beams suitable for fundamental science and accelerator physics.
Propagation of dipole structure in an inhomogeneous-density plasma using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: Hayashi Y , Das A , Habara H , Kaw P K , Tanaka K A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the propagation of a magnetic dipole assuming a simple model of forward and return flow of fast electrons under a condition of plasma-density inhomogeneity by a particle-in-cell simulation. An exact propagating depiction of the dipolar structure is given under the framework of a simplified ‘electron magnetohydrodynamic’ fluid model (Yadav et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas
15 062308; Yadav et al 2009 Phys. Plasmas
16 040701; Yadav and Das 2010 Phys. Plasmas
17 052306) in a dense plasma. We reproduce this structure in our kinetic calculations. The results indicate that, with a steep plasma density gradient, the structure evolves rapidly toward plasma in a process involving shock formation and rapid dissipation of beam energy, which is consistent with the fluid simulations. In addition, new features are also reported, such as the pinching of the two dipole lobes to form a very strong shear layer, which develops into a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. The magnetic energy is rapidly converted to kinetic energy of electrons leading to additional plasma heating in inhomogeneous regions, such as the core region in an imploded plasma.
Study of He + 0.2% O2 plasma jet impinging on liquid surface from He(23S1) metastable atoms density measurements
Authors: Invernizzi Laurent , Sadeghi Nader , Sainct Florent P , Guillot Philippe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work presents spatial variations of the helium He(23S1) metastable atom absolute densities in a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure in He + 0.2% O2 gas mixture impinging on a liquid target. The plasma jet is ignited with 6 kV pulses of 2.5 μs duration and 8 ns rise and fall times at 20 kHz repetition rate. Streamers are created in both rising and falling fronts of the high voltage (HV). From Abel inversion of the line averaged absorbance of 1083 nm helium line, measured by laser absorption spectroscopy, the radial profiles of He(23S1) density along the plasma jet are deduced in two sources with different residence time of the gas within the discharge volume, having three different outlet tube diameters and with two gas flow rates. The metastable densities up to ∼3 × 1013 cm−3 have been measured. The radial profile remained always axially centered for the 1.5 mm outlet tube and with 0.5 slm for the larger diameter tubes. But in this later tubes and with 2 slm gas flow rate, the profile changed from a ring shape at the tube exit to axially centered when increasing the distance from the tube edge. In the rising front of the HV, the ring profile of He(23S1) density in the tube exit is attributed to the shape of the electric field, produced by the applied HV to the electrode wrapped around the dielectric tube. In the falling front of the HV, the electric field results from electrons deposited on the inner surface of the dielectric tube and positive ions accumulated on the surface of liquid during the 2.5 μs duration of the HV pulse. The influence of oxygen by-products formed in the plasma volume (O, O2(Δ), O3, positive and negative oxygen ions) on the dynamic of the plasma jet are analyzed.
Influence of geometry constraint in finite space on impact resistance of shear thickening fluid
Authors: Li Anqi , Yang Gang , Yao Chenhui , Yan Xue , Hu Dean 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The shear thickening area formed by impact load and the restriction boundary conditions play an important role in the impact resistance and energy absorption characteristics of the shear thickening fluid (STF). In order to reveal the low speed impact resistance of STF under finite space constraints, this paper carried out research through the preparation of STF, viscosity test and design of low speed drop weight impact experiment. Firstly, STF samples with different mass fractions were prepared by self-made. Then, the rheological tests were implemented to obtain the characteristics of STF viscosity under different shear rate loads. Next, a straightforward test through rapidly pulling the glass rod out of the STF was adopted to observe the shear thickening mechanism of STF. After that, two kinds of STF samples with different mass fractions and good shear thickening performance were selected for low speed drop weight test. In the drop weight test, three containers with different geometries were designed to equivalent the finite space constraints to reveal the low speed impact resistance of STF under finite space constraints. Finally, combined with the experimental results, a series of numerical models are established to study the influence of geometric parameters in finite space on the impact resistance of STF. Through the research of this paper, the influence of geometry constraint in finite space on impact resistance of STF was obtained, which can provide reference for the geometric design of protective structure filled with STF.
Coaxial 3D printed anisotropic thermal conductive composite aerogel with aligned hierarchical porous carbon nanotubes and cellulose nanofibers
Authors: Wang Feng , Yang Zhijie , Hu Xiangzhou , Pan Yu , Lu Yuan , Jiang Man 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Thermal management materials are obtaining increasing research interest, due to the requirement on energy conservation and environment protection. However, the complex designs and energy-consuming manufacturing processes prohibit their wide spread practical account. 3D printing is an intriguing revolutionary technology in fabricating anisotropic thermal conductive materials because of its inherent virtues on directional additive manufacturing a complicated subject with designed microstructure. We demonstrate the coaxial 3D printing along with directional freezing processes to obtain anisotropic thermal conductive composite aerogel consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The as prepared composite aerogel, with the thermal conductive CNTs as inner layer, and the insulate CNFs as outer layer, presented remarkable anisotropic thermal conductivity with 0.025 W (m K)−1 in the axial direction and 0.302 W (m K)−1 in the radial direction. The Young’s modulus of the CNTs/CNFs composite aerogel was tested to be 10.91 MPa in the axial direction, and 2.62 MPa in the radial direction, respectively. The coaxial 3D printed CNTs/CNFs composite aerogel has great potential application in electronics, especially for those custom-tailored products and the related field.
Design of novel piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing the force generated from human walking
Authors: Sirigireddy Pravallika , Eladi Paul Braineard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel piezoelectric energy harvester (z-PEH) to harness a significant amount of waste energy from human walking is proposed in the present work. The unique feature of the z-PEH is that a greater number of piezoelectric discs are planted in the z-direction without consuming a wide area of the pavement or road surface, hence termed z-PEH. This enables minimum damage to the existing pavements or roads during installation, maintenance and repair works. The power generating piezoelectric bimorphs are glued to aluminum plates attached to the hollow steel structure which is mounted on a spring. The z-PEH module consists of eight commercially available bimorphs, with each bimorph having two circular piezoelectric discs of diameter 25 mm and a thickness of 0.25 mm. The experimental and numerical open-circuit voltages of a single PZT are 9.38, 15.86 and 29.5 V and 9.23, 18.31 and 28.6 V respectively for applied weights of 24.5, 49 and 73.5 N. The z-PEH module occupied an area of 21.1 × 18 cm2. The numerical design is further carried out in commercially available software ANSYSTM with the objective of enhancing output power of the z-PEH module with in the same area. It is found out that, the optimized z-PEH module with square bimorphs, generated an open-circuit Peak-to-peak voltage of 69.07 V and the maximum DC power generated is 0.56 mW for an applied force of 73.5 N. Also, the z-PEH module with 56 bimorphs resulted in an average DC power of 3.95 mW for a step loading of 490 N (equal to 50 kg) under maximum power transfer conditions. The power density in this case is 2.49 W m−3.