bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substitution impacts of Nordic wood-based multi-story building types: influence of the decarbonization of the energy sector and increased recycling of construction materials
Authors: Myllyviita Tanja , Hurmekoski Elias , Kunttu Janni 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The building and construction sectors represent a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Replacing concrete and steel with wood is one potential strategy to decrease emissions. On product level, the difference in fossil emissions per functional unit can be quantified with displacement factors (DFs), i.e., the amount of fossil emission reduction achieved per unit of wood use when replacing a functionally equivalent product. We developed DFs for substitution cases representative of typical wood-frame and non-wood frame multi-story buildings in the Nordic countries, considering the expected decarbonization of the energy sector and increased recycling of construction products.

Results
Most of the DFs were positive, implying lower fossil emissions, if wood construction is favored. However, variation in the DFs was substantial and negative DFs implying higher emissions were also detected. All DFs showed a decreasing trend, i.e., the GHG mitigation potential of wood construction significantly decreases under future decarbonization and increased recycling assumptions. If only the decarbonization of the energy sector was considered, the decrease was less dramatic compared to the isolated impact of the recycling of construction materials. The mitigation potential of wood construction appears to be the most sensitive to the GHG emissions of concrete, whereas the emissions of steel seem less influential, and the emissions of wood have only minor influence.

Conclusions
The emission reduction due to the decarbonization of the energy sector and the recycling of construction materials is a favorable outcome but one that reduces the relative environmental benefit of wood construction, which ought to be considered in forest-based mitigation strategies. Broadening the system boundary is required to assess the overall substitution impacts of increased use of wood in construction, including biogenic carbon stock changes in forest ecosystems and in wood products over time, as well as price-mediated market responses.
Infertility and risk of breast cancer in men: a national case–control study in England and Wales
Authors: Swerdlow Anthony J. , Bruce Cydney , Cooke Rosie , Coulson Penny , Jones Michael E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer is uncommon in men and its aetiology is largely unknown, reflecting the limited size of studies thus far conducted. In general, number of children fathered has been found a risk factor inconsistently, and infertility not. We therefore investigated in a case–control study, the relation of risk of breast cancer in men to infertility and number of children.

Patients and methods
We conducted a national case–control study in England and Wales, interviewing 1998 cases incident 2005–17 and 1597 male controls, which included questions on infertility and offspring.

Results
Risk of breast cancer was statistically significantly associated with male-origin infertility (OR = 2.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–3.49)) but not if a couple’s infertility had been diagnosed as of origin from the female partner (OR = 0.86 (0.51–1.45)). Risk was statistically significantly raised for men who had not fathered any children (OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.21–1.86)) compared with men who were fathers. These associations were statistically significantly present for invasive tumours but not statistically significant for in situ tumours.

Conclusion
Our data give strong evidence that risk of breast cancer is increased for men who are infertile. The reason is not clear and needs investigation.
The mucin-like, secretory type-I transmembrane glycoprotein GP900 in the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum is cleaved in the secretory pathway and likely plays a lubrication role
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Yin Jigang , Wang Dongqiang , Gao Xin , Zhang Ying , Wu Mingbo , Zhu Guan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic parasite and member of the phylum Apicomplexa with unique secretory organelles, including a rhoptry, micronemes and dense granules that discharge their contents during parasite invasion. The mucin-like glycoprotein GP900 with a single transmembrane domain is an immunodominant antigen and micronemal protein. It is relocated to the surface of excysted sporozoites and shed to form trails by sporozoites exhibiting gliding motility (gliding sporozoites). However, the biological process underlying its relocation and shedding remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether GP900 is present as a transmembrane protein anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of sporozoites and whether it is cleaved before being shed from the sporozoites.

Methods
Two anti-GP900 antibodies, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the long N-terminal domain (GP900-N) and a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) to the short C-terminal domain (GP900-C), were produced for the detection of intact and cleaved GP900 proteins in sporozoites and other parasite developmental stages by microscopic immunofluorescence assay and in discharged molecules by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Both anti-GP900 antibodies recognized the apical region of unexcysted and excysted sporozoites. However, anti-GP900-N (but not anti-GP900-C) also stained both the pellicles/surface of excysted sporozoites and the trails of gliding sporozoites. Both antibodies stained the intracellular meronts, both developing and developed, but not the macro- and microgamonts. Additionally, the epitope was recognized by anti-GP900-N (but not anti-GP900-C) and detected in the secretions of excysted sporozoites and intracellular parasites.

Conclusions
GP900 is present in sporozoites and intracellular meronts, but absent in sexual stages. It is stored in the micronemes of sporozoites, but enters the secretory pathway during excystation and invasion. The short cytoplasmic domain of GP900 is cleaved in the secretory pathway before it reaches the extracellular space. The molecular features and behavior of GP900 imply that it plays mainly a lubrication role.

Graphical Abstract
Aberrant hypomethylation at imprinted differentially methylated regions is involved in biparental placental mesenchymal dysplasia
Authors: Aoki Saori , Higashimoto Ken , Hidaka Hidenori , Ohtsuka Yasufumi , Aoki Shigehisa , Mishima Hiroyuki , Yoshiura Koh-ichiro , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Hata Kenichiro , Yatsuki Hitomi , Hara Satoshi , Ohba Takashi , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Soejima Hidenobu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a morphological abnormality resembling partial hydatidiform moles. It is often associated with androgenetic/biparental mosaicism (ABM) and complicated by Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), an imprinting disorder. These phenomena suggest an association between PMD and aberrant genomic imprinting, particularly of CDKN1C and IGF2. The existence of another type of PMD containing the biparental genome has been reported. However, the frequency and etiology of biparental PMD are not yet fully understood.

Results
We examined 44 placental specimens from 26 patients with PMD: 19 of these were macroscopically normal and 25 exhibited macroscopic PMD. Genotyping by DNA microarray or short tandem repeat analysis revealed that approximately 35% of the macroscopic PMD specimens could be classified as biparental, while the remainder were ABM. We performed a DNA methylation analysis using bisulfite pyrosequencing of 15 placenta-specific imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 36 ubiquitous imprinted DMRs. As expected, most DMRs in the macroscopic PMD specimens with ABM exhibited the paternal epigenotype. Importantly, the biparental macroscopic PMD specimens exhibited frequent aberrant hypomethylation at seven of the placenta-specific DMRs. Allelic expression analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that five imprinted genes associated with these aberrantly hypomethylated DMRs were biallelically expressed. Frequent aberrant hypomethylation was observed at five ubiquitous DMRs, including GRB10 but not ICR2 or ICR1, which regulate the expression of CDKN1C and IGF2, respectively. Whole-exome sequencing performed on four biparental macroscopic PMD specimens did not reveal any pathological genetic abnormalities. Clinical and molecular analyses of babies born from pregnancies with PMD revealed four cases with BWS, each exhibiting different molecular characteristics, and those between BWS and PMD specimens were not always the same.

Conclusion
These data clarify the prevalence of biparental PMD and ABM-PMD and strongly implicate hypomethylation of DMRs in the pathogenesis of biparental PMD, particularly placenta-specific DMRs and the ubiquitous GRB10, but not ICR2 or ICR1. Aberrant hypomethylation of DMRs was partial, indicating that it occurs after fertilization. PMD is an imprinting disorder, and it may be a missing link between imprinting disorders and placental disorders incompatible with life, such as complete hydatidiform moles and partial hydatidiform moles.
Concomitant myocarditis and painless thyroiditis after AstraZeneca coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: a case report
Authors: Marsukjai Apichai , Theerasuwipakorn Nonthikorn , Tumkosit Monravee , Chattranukulchai Pairoj , Srichomkwun Panudda , Prechawat Somchai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Incidence of myocarditis following messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination has been widely described, but this clinical scenario after adenoviral vector coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination has only been rarely reported. In addition, a few case reports of thyroiditis after adenoviral vector coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination have been published.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old Thai woman presented with palpitation without neck pain 14 days after receiving AstraZeneca coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Electrocardiography revealed sinus tachycardia. Her blood tests showed elevation of cardiac troponin and free triiodothyronine with suppressed serum thyroid stimulating hormone, reflecting a hyperthyroid status. Evidence of myocardial inflammation and necrosis from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis of recent myocarditis. Laboratory results and imaging findings were consistent with thyroiditis. After 3 weeks of symptomatic treatment, her symptom and blood tests had returned to normal.

Conclusions
This case demonstrates that the adenoviral vector coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine could possibly cause myocarditis and painless thyroiditis. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion and promptly evaluate these conditions, despite minimal symptoms.
Using machine learning to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction of reproduction traits in pigs
Authors: Wang Xue , Shi Shaolei , Wang Guijiang , Luo Wenxue , Wei Xia , Qiu Ao , Luo Fei , Ding Xiangdong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, machine learning (ML) has become attractive in genomic prediction, but its superiority in genomic prediction over conventional (ss) GBLUP methods and the choice of optimal ML methods need to be investigated.

Results
In this study, 2566 Chinese Yorkshire pigs with reproduction trait records were genotyped with the GenoBaits Porcine SNP 50 K and PorcineSNP50 panels. Four ML methods, including support vector regression (SVR), kernel ridge regression (KRR), random forest (RF) and Adaboost.R2 were implemented. Through 20 replicates of fivefold cross-validation (CV) and one prediction for younger individuals, the utility of ML methods in genomic prediction was explored. In CV, compared with genomic BLUP (GBLUP), single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and the Bayesian method BayesHE, ML methods significantly outperformed these conventional methods. ML methods improved the genomic prediction accuracy of GBLUP, ssGBLUP, and BayesHE by 19.3%, 15.0% and 20.8%, respectively. In addition, ML methods yielded smaller mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) in all scenarios. ssGBLUP yielded an improvement of 3.8% on average in accuracy compared to that of GBLUP, and the accuracy of BayesHE was close to that of GBLUP. In genomic prediction of younger individuals, RF and Adaboost.R2_KRR performed better than GBLUP and BayesHE, while ssGBLUP performed comparably with RF, and ssGBLUP yielded slightly higher accuracy and lower MSE than Adaboost.R2_KRR in the prediction of total number of piglets born, while for number of piglets born alive, Adaboost.R2_KRR performed significantly better than ssGBLUP. Among ML methods, Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study. Our findings also demonstrated that optimal hyperparameters are useful for ML methods. After tuning hyperparameters in CV and in predicting genomic outcomes of younger individuals, the average improvement was 14.3% and 21.8% over those using default hyperparameters, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that ML methods had better overall prediction performance than conventional genomic selection methods, and could be new options for genomic prediction. Among ML methods, Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study, and tuning hyperparameters is necessary for ML methods. The optimal hyperparameters depend on the character of traits, datasets etc.
Release of lead from Renaissance lead-glazed ceramics from southern Denmark and northern Germany: implications from acetic acid etching experiments
Authors: Rasmussen Kaare Lund , Milner George R. , Delbey Thomas , Jensen Lisa Kathrine Ivalu , Witte Frauke , Rehren Thilo , Kjaer Ulla , Grinder-Hansen Poul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Lead-glazed potsherds from archaeological excavations at six Renaissance (1536–1660 CE) sites in southern Denmark and northern Germany have been subjected to etching experiments using 4 wt% acetic acid. The extracts of 45 sherds were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. At one site, the ducal hunting castle of Grøngaard, Pb levels in acid extracts from glazed dishes were so high (up to 29,000 µg Pb cm−2 day−1) that acute toxic effects likely occurred if the dishes were used for serving food containing vinegar. More moderate acid-etching Pb levels were found in dishes from other sites, but they still exceed the WHO critical level if used daily. Acetic acid etching experiments performed on pipkins (three-legged cooking pots with a handle) yielded somewhat lower Pb extract values, averaging ca. 25 µg Pb cm−2 day−1. Taking into account the widespread use of pipkins for cooking, they might easily have led to a higher weekly Pb intake than the use of the moderate-level dishes. The question remains whether such high levels of Pb exposure during meals led to injurious Pb intake. Prior skeletal analyses have shown that medieval to early modern individuals from the area, especially in towns, were exposed to Pb. While exposure could have come from various sources other than lead-glazed ceramics, such as cosmetics, paint, antibacterial ointments, and lead water pipes, widely distributed lead-glazed ceramics had the potential of being a main source of Pb. How the pottery was actually used is uncertain, and it certainly was not evenly distributed across all segments of society, but the etching experiment results suggest that severe poisonous effects could have resulted from the use of lead-glazed Renaissance ceramics.
AENEAS: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Aumolertinib Versus Gefitinib as First-Line Therapy for Locally Advanced or MetastaticNon–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Exon 19 Deletion or L858R Mutations
Authors: Lu Shun , Dong Xiaorong , Jian Hong , Chen Jianhua , Chen Gongyan , Sun Yuping , Ji Yinghua , Wang Ziping , Shi Jianhua , Lu Junguo , Chen Shaoshui , Lv Dongqing , Zhang Guojun , Liu Chunling , Li Juan , Yu Xinmin , Lin Zhong , Yu Zhuang , Wang Zhehai , Cui Jiuwei , Xu Xingxiang , Fang Jian , Feng Jifeng , Xu Zhi , Ma Rui , Hu Jie , Yang Nong , Zhou Xiangdong , Wu Xiaohong , Hu Chengping , Zhang Zhihong , Lu You , Hu Yanping , Jiang Liyan , Wang Qiming , Guo Renhua , Zhou Jianying , Li Baolan , Hu Chunhong , Tong Wancheng , Zhang Helong , Ma Lin , Chen Yuan , Jie Zhijun , Yao Yu , Zhang Longzhen , Jie Weng , Li Weidong , Xiong Jianping , Ye Xianwei , Duan Jianchun , Yang Haihua , Sun Meili , Sun Changan , Wei Hongying , Li Chuan , Ali Siraj M. , Miller Vincent A. , Wu Qiong 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Aumolertinib (formerly almonertinib; HS-10296) is a novel third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in China. This double-blind phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of aumolertinib compared with gefitinib as a first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic EGFR-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03849768 ). METHODS Patients at 53 sites in China were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either aumolertinib (110 mg) or gefitinib (250 mg) once daily. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) per investigator assessment. RESULTS A total of 429 patients who were naïve to treatment for locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC were enrolled. PFS was significantly longer with aumolertinib compared with gefitinib (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.60; P < .0001). The median PFS with aumolertinib was 19.3 months (95% CI, 17.8 to 20.8) versus 9.9 months with gefitinib (95% CI, 8.3 to 12.6). Objective response rate and disease control rate were similar in the aumolertinib and gefitinib groups (objective response rate, 73.8% and 72.1%, respectively; disease control rate, 93.0% and 96.7%, respectively). The median duration of response was 18.1 months (95% CI, 15.2 to not applicable) with aumolertinib versus 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.9 to 11.1) with gefitinib. Adverse events of grade ≥ 3 severity (any cause) were observed in 36.4% and 35.8% of patients in the aumolertinib and gefitinib groups, respectively. Rash and diarrhea (any grade) were observed in 23.4% and 16.4% of patients who received aumolertinib compared with 41.4% and 35.8% of those who received gefitinib, respectively. CONCLUSION Aumolertinib is a well-tolerated third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that could serve as a treatment option for EGFR-mutant NSCLC in the first-line setting.
Isocaloric-restricted Mediterranean Diet and Chinese Diets High or Low in Plants in Adults With Prediabetes
Authors: Luo Yaogan , Wang Jiqiu , Sun Liang , Gu Weiqiong , Zong Geng , Song Boyu , Shen Chongrong , Zhou Puchen , Chen Yufei , Wu Yanpu , Lin Huibin , Zheng He , Ni Mengshan , Yang Xiaowei , Chen Yanru , Xu Xinming , Zhang Juan , Shi Juan , Zhang Ru , Hu Jinfen , Hou Hong , Lu Ling , Xu Xiaoqiang , Liang Liming , Liu Ruixin , Liu Xiaoran , Li Huaixing , Hong Jie , Wang Weiqing , Lin Xu , Ning Guang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Calorie restriction plus dietary advice is suggested as a preventive strategy for individuals with obesity and prediabetes; however, optimal diet is still debatable. We aimed to compare the effects of Mediterranean diet (MD) and Chinese diets high or low in plants on body weight and glucose homeostasis among high-risk Chinese.

Subjects and Methods
In this parallel-arm randomized controlled trial, 253 Chinese adults aged 25 to 60 years with a body mass index ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 and fasting blood glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L were randomly assigned to 3 isocaloric-restricted diets: MD (n = 84), a traditional Jiangnan diet high in plants (TJD, n = 85), or a control diet low in plants (CD, n = 84). During the 6-month trial, a 5-weekday full-feeding regimen was followed, along with mobile app–based monitoring. Abdominal fat measurement (magnetic resonance imaging), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were conducted at baseline and 3 and 6 months.

Results
With a 25% calorie restriction for 6 months, weight deduction was 5.72 kg (95% confidence interval, 5.03-6.40) for MD, 5.05 kg (4.38-5.73) for TJD, and 5.38 kg (4.70-6.06) for CD (Ptime &lt; 0.0001). No between-group differences were found for fasting glucose, insulin, and the Matsuda index from OGTT. Notably, CD had significantly longer time below range (glucose &lt; 3.9 mmol/L) than MD (0.81% [0.21-1.40], P = 0.024) and marginally longer time than TJD (0.56% [-0.03 to 1.15], P = 0.065), as measured by CGM.

Conclusions
With the 6-month isocaloric-restricted feeding, TJD and MD achieved comparable weight deduction and improved glucose homeostasis, whereas CD showed a higher risk for hypoglycemia.
Mass Education and Women's Autonomy: Evidence From Latin America
Authors: Urbina Daniela R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost low- and middle-income countries have implemented mass education reforms in the last few decades. Demographers and policymakers have posited that mass schooling would enhance women's autonomy and, therefore, accelerate population transformations in the Global South. However, gains in women's schooling may have unexpected implications for female autonomy in contexts where hypergamy norms—the ideal that men should marry down and women should marry up in education and other markers of status—are still dominant. This study addresses difficulties in evaluating the causal impact of additional education on women's autonomy by leveraging the timing of compulsory schooling reforms in three Latin American countries: Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru. Using Demographic and Health Surveys, I implement an instrumental variable design using random exposure to compulsory schooling laws as an instrument for years of education. Results show that for women who entered the school system as a result of compulsory reforms, further schooling decreased their level of autonomy in all countries—especially among women from rural Bolivia and Peru. Additional analyses suggest these results are explained by changes in the selection into schooling and the formation of unions defying hypergamy norms. Together, these findings highlight the importance of examining the returns to mass schooling considering population heterogeneity and the contextual meaning of women's education.
Association between pesticide exposure and obesity: A cross-sectional study of 20,295 farmers in Thailand
Authors: Noppakun Kajohnsak , Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: May 2022

Background: Obesity is a serious condition because it is associated with other chronic diseases which affect the quality of life. In addition to problems associated with diet and exercise, recent research has found that pesticide exposure might be another important risk factor. The objective of this study was to determine the association between pesticide exposure and obesity among farmers in Nakhon Sawan and Phitsanulok province, Thailand. Methods: This study was a population-based cross-sectional study. Data on pesticide use and obesity prevalence from 20,295 farmers aged 20 years and older were collected using an in-person interview questionnaire. The association was analysed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for its potential confounding factors. Results: Obesity was found to be associated with pesticide use in the past. The risk of obesity was significantly predicted by types of pesticides, including insecticides (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.00-4.38), herbicides (OR = 4.56, 95% CI 1.11-18.62), fungicides (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.34-3.36), rodenticides (OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.61-4.05), and molluscicides (OR = 3.40, 95% CI 2.15-5.40). Among 35 surveyed individual pesticides, 22 were significantly associated with higher obesity prevalence (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.10-2.88 to OR = 8.30, 95% CI 2.54-27.19), including herbicide butachlor, 15 insecticides (two carbamate insecticides, five organochlorine insecticides, and eight organophosphate insecticides), and six fungicides. Conclusion: This study found obesity in farmers in Nakhon Sawan and Phitsanulok province, Thailand, to be associated with the long-term use of several types of pesticides. The issue should receive more public attention, and pesticide use should be strictly controlled.