bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Platform Chemicals Via Hydrotalcite-Derived Metal Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Zhe-Hui , Sun Zhuohua , Yuan Tong-Qi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the world’s fossil fuels being finite in nature, an increasing interest focuses on the application of alternative renewable resources such as biomass. Biomass-derived platform chemicals with abundant functional groups have the potential to replace bulk chemicals for the production of value-added chemicals, fuels, and materials. The upgrading of these platform chemicals relies on the development of efficient catalytic systems. Hydrotalcite, with its wide compositional variety, tuneable anion-exchange capacity, and controlled acidity/basicity sites demonstrates great potential in the catalytic upgrading of biomass and the derived platform chemicals. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of research achievements on the development of efficient and robust hydrotalcite-derived metal catalysts and their applications in the upgrading of biomass or the derived platform chemicals. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances on the catalytic upgrading of biomass-derived platform chemicals (e.g., furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, and glycerol) via hydrotalcite-derived metal catalysts. We also observed that the crucial role of using hydrotalcite-derived catalysts relies on their strong metal–support interactions. As a result, a section focusing on the discussion of the metal–support interactions of hydrotalcite-derived catalysts was provided.
Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on ex-vessel prices using time-series analysis
Authors: Abe Keita , Ishimura Gakushi , Baba Shinya , Yasui Shota , Nakamura Kosuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent lockdown measures have impacted economies and industries worldwide. The fisheries industry witnessed a sharp decline in demand and a slump in fish prices due to its dependence on the food service industry. It is important to quantitatively assess those fish species affected most and the extent of the pandemic’s impact on them, to take specific countermeasures. We propose a time-series analysis as an alternative to the current practice of using ad hoc year-on-year comparisons. Although the pandemic makes it difficult to construct a counterfactual approach due to the lack of an appropriate control group, we use time-series forecasting to simulate normal conditions using pre-pandemic data. In Tokyo, the unit price of fish species that were negatively impacted by the food services industry dropped by 12.65% to 14.64%, and by 26.08% to 28.22% after the declaration of a state of emergency. Seasonality, short weekly cycles, and short-term market trends are factors that affect the price of fish. Species-specific impact estimates related to the COVID-19 pandemic can allow policymakers to implement recovery measures in a more targeted and effective manner. The results of our analysis can increase fishers’ and policymakers’ awareness of the usefulness of economic analyses and incentivize them to release data to establish a system to accumulate and analyze data strategically for urgent and appropriate interventions in the fisheries industry.
Aprotic lithium air batteries with oxygen-selective membranes
Authors: Naqvi Asad A. , Zahoor Awan , Shaikh Asif Ahmed , Butt Faaz Ahmed , Raza Faizan , Ahad Inam Ul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRechargeable batteries have gained a lot of interests due to rising trend of electric vehicles to control greenhouse gases emissions. Among all type of rechargeable batteries, lithium air battery (LAB) provides an optimal solution, owing to its high specific energy of 11,140 Wh/kg comparable to that of gasoline 12,700 Wh/kg. However, LABs are not widely commercialized yet due to the reactivity of the lithium anode with the components of ambient air such as moisture and carbon dioxide. To address this challenge, it is important to understand the effects of moisture on the electrochemical performance of LAB. In this review, the effects of ambient air on the electrochemical performance of LAB have been discussed. The literature on the deterioration in the battery capacity and cyclability due to operation in ambient environment and degradation of lithium anode due to exothermic reaction between lithium and water is reviewed and explained. The effects of using oxygen-selective membrane (OSM) to block moisture and $${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$$

CO
2

contamination has also been discussed, along with suitable materials that can act as OSM. It is concluded that the utilization of OSM can not only make the safer operation of LAB in ambient air but could also enhance the electrochemical performance of LAB. Future direction of the research work required to address the associated challenges is also provided.
The influence of AlSi10Mg recycled powder on corrosion-resistance behaviour of additively manufactured components: mechanical aspects and acoustic emission investigation
Authors: Barile Claudia , Casavola Caterina , Paramsamy Kannan Vimalathithan , Renna Gilda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effects of using recycled AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy powders on the mechanical properties and the corrosion-resistance behaviour of the components manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM) were analysed. The microstructural results show that the utilisation of recycled powder causes coarsening of interdendritic Si-network, especially along the melt pool boundaries of the SLM specimens. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated by means of neutral salt spray (NSS) tests for 1000 h and mass loss measurements. The corrosion behaviour, in terms of surface roughness, density and porosity, however, remains almost the same between the samples produced by virgin and recycled powder. In addition to this, a passive NDE tool has been used to investigate and study the impact of powders on the corrosion performance of the alloy: Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. SEM observations allowed to highlight the morphological differences in the surface of the test specimens induced by the exposure condition. Thus, it was possible to correlate the AE results to corrosion mechanisms activated on the surfaces of the test specimen. A good correlation between the corrosion-resistance behaviour and the AE test results were obtained. Finally, the mechanical properties before and at the end of the accelerated corrosion were evaluated according to the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation at breakage. The results showed comparable mechanical properties for the samples produced using both virgin and recycled powders. Besides, no notable influence of the exposure to corrosive environment on the mechanical performance was observed.
Dynamic Analysis of Rolling Bearings with Roller Spalling Defects Based on Explicit Finite Element Method and Experiment
Authors: He Duo , Yang Yang , Xu Hongyang , Ma Hui , Zhao Xiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnalysis of dynamic characteristics of the defective bearing is significant for the fault diagnosis of the machinery. At present, there are few researches on numerical modeling of bearing with defective roller. To solve this problem, explicit finite element method is adopted in this paper to establish a nonlinear dynamic model of the cylindrical roller bearing with roller spalling defects. In the proposed model, the flexibility of all the components, the internal friction, the relative sliding, the finite size of the roller and the rollers-to-cage contact force are all considered. Then the proposed dynamic model is verified theoretically and experimentally. The vibration responses of bearing and the sliding behavior of defective roller and cage are analyzed based on the proposed numerical model. The results show that the roller-to-cage contact force will be increased and the slippage of the defective roller will be aggravated when the roller defect occurs. In addition, the increment of defect width and number of defective rollers will aggravate the vibration of bearing and the sliding of cage.
Gromov–Witten theory with maximal contacts
Authors: Nabijou Navid , Ranganathan Dhruv 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose an intersection-theoretic method to reduce questions in genus 0 logarithmic Gromov–Witten theory to questions in the Gromov–Witten theory of smooth pairs, in the presence of positivity. The method is applied to the enumerative geometry of rational curves with maximal contact orders along a simple normal crossings divisor and to recent questions about its relationship to local curve counting. Three results are established. We produce counterexamples to the local-logarithmic conjectures of van Garrel–Graber–Ruddat and Tseng–You. We prove that a weak form of the conjecture holds for product geometries. Finally, we explicitly determine the difference between local and logarithmic theories, in terms of relative invariants for which efficient algorithms are known. The polyhedral geometry of the tropical moduli of maps plays an essential and intricate role in the analysis.
Becoming with Toxicity: Chemical Epigenetics as “Racializing and Sexualizing Assemblage”
Authors: Packer Melina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article I think through Black feminism and queer theory to critically analyze toxicology. I focus on toxicology's conception of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a class of toxicants that can cause epigenetic changes leading to inheritable health issues. I suggest that Black feminist interventions are particularly necessary for the study of toxicants because multiply marginalized populations are disproportionately more exposed to EDCs. The structural preconditions that generate this uneven, racialized, and sexualized toxic body-burden threaten to turn cultural constructions of race and sex (epistemologies) into biological realities (ontologies). My discursive analysis of key scientific texts on toxicology, EDCs, and epigenetics underscores how Eurocentric biases and eugenic logics permeate and co-constitute biochemical matter. I further argue that these texts’ un/articulated norms regarding the human, sexual behavior, and evolutionary fitness undermine the usefulness of toxicological assessments for environmental justice. I close by urging scientist scholar-activists to reconceive the study of toxicants. A Black feminist approach to toxicity, I suggest, would not only situate chemical exposures in their sociopolitical contexts, but also radically revision what it means to be human.
Medieval Irish medical verse in the nineteenth century: some evidence from material culture
Authors: Hayden Deborah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents an edition and translation of an Irish didactic poem found in a large compilation of remedies, charms and prayers that was written in the early sixteenth century by the Roscommon medical scribe Conla Mac an Leagha. The contents of this poem, and of the treatise in which it occurs more generally, are of inherent interest for our understanding of the history of medical learning in medieval Ireland. However, the poem is also of particular significance due to the fact that its penultimate stanza, which invokes the authority of one ‘Colmán mac Oililla’, is attested in two much later sources that provide insight into the transmission and reception of medieval Irish medical texts in the early nineteenth century, as well as into the relationship between manuscript, print and material culture during that period. The two sources in question, one of which is a previously unprovenanced signboard now kept in the Wellcome Collection in London, can both be connected with the work of the Munster ‘herb doctor’ Michael Casey (1752?–1830/31), who in 1825 advertised the publication of a new herbal containing cures derived from much earlier Irish-language medical manuscripts.
Crowds and political violence in early modern Ireland: Galway and the 1641 depositions
Authors: Walter John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article offers a critical analysis of the representation of early modern popular violence provided by the 1641 depositions. Exploring the problems of how reported ‘speech’ was produced and recorded in the 1641 depositions, the article challenges the tendency within the depositions to represent violence as a spontaneous and immediate act, explicable by a racialised reading of Irish ‘barbarity’ and Catholic treachery. Exploiting a large cache of depositions and examinations in the relatively resource-rich urban context of Galway, it offers a micro-historical narrative of two brutal episodes of popular violence there in 1642 to reveal the complex histories and politics that might lie behind acts of violence in the Irish rising. Examining the local impact of the state's policies of anglicisation and Protestantisation, the paper recovers the prolonged, but ultimately unsuccessful, negotiations that preceded popular violence. Contextualizing the episodes, the article locates that violence in the more complex (and divided) politics of the city and in the radical challenges it brought to traditional structures of rule in Galway. Referencing the developing body of work on the politics of early modern crowd actions in Ireland, the article argues that the popular violence was political, both a consequence of and contributor to political change there.
Rediscovering poverty: moneylending in the Republic of Ireland in the 1960s
Authors: Holohan Carole , O'Connell Sean , Savage Robert J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn 1969 R.T.É.'s 7 Days dealt with the issue of illegal moneylending, claiming that Dublin was ‘a city of fear’ where 500 unlicensed moneylenders used violence as a tool to collect debts. The Fianna Fáil government rejected the suggestion that loan sharking was widespread and that Gardaí responses to it were ineffectual; a tribunal of inquiry was established to investigate 7 Days. Previous analyses situated these events within the context of government concerns over the influence of television journalism. This article takes a different approach, analysing moneylending ― rather than 7 Days ― within the context of the rediscovery of poverty during the 1960s. It examines how social and economic changes, including the growth of consumer credit and the re-housing of large numbers of Dubliners, combined to make illegal moneylending more visible. Historical accounts of Ireland in the 1960s have had a top down focus on economic policy and growth. Here, the focus is shifted to personal rather state finances to offer a more nuanced portrayal of a decade often understood as a boom one. Moreover, analysing the nature and conclusions of the tribunal lays bare the contemporary resistance to those attempting to reframe the problem of poverty.
THE PROBABILITY OF ZERO MULTIPLICATION IN FINITE RINGS
Authors: DOLŽAN DAVID 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLetRbe a finite ring and let${\mathrm {zp}}(R)$denote the nullity degree ofR, that is, the probability that the multiplication of two randomly chosen elements ofRis zero. We establish the nullity degree of a semisimple ring and find upper and lower bounds for the nullity degree in the general case.
God, Tragic Dilemmas, and the Problem of Gratuitous Evil
Authors: Naraghi Arash 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany philosophers have argued that the existence of gratuitous evil is the most serious objection against the existence of an all-perfect God. I argue that the idea of a moral dilemma (or, more accurately, atragicdilemma) may either (1) provide a moral justification for God to permit the existence of gratuitous evil, or (2) offer a theodicy of divine tragedy to explain why evils in the world are not necessarily gratuitous, or if they are, why they cannot provide a piece of decisive evidence to reject the existence of an all-perfect God.
Self-control in first grade predicts success in the transition to adulthood
Authors: Johnson Sara B. , Voegtline Kristin M. , Ialongo Nicholas , Hill Karl G. , Musci Rashelle J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChildhood self-control has been linked with better health, criminal justice, and economic outcomes in adulthood in predominately white cohorts outside of the United States. We investigated whether self-control in first grade predicted success in the transition to adulthood in a longitudinal cohort of first graders who participated in a universal intervention trial to prevent poor achievement and reduce aggression in Baltimore schools. We also explored whether the intervention moderated the relationship between self-control and young adult outcomes. Teachers rated self-control using the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Revised. Study outcomes were on-time high school graduation, college participation, teen pregnancy, substance use disorder, criminal justice system involvement, and incarceration (ages 19–26). Latent profile analysis was used to identify classes of childhood self-control. A high self-control class (n= 279, 48.1%), inattentive class (n= 201, 35.3%), and inattentive/hyperactive class (n= 90, 16.6%) were identified. Children with better self-control were more likely to graduate on time and attend college; no significant class differences were found for teen pregnancy, substance use disorder, criminal justice system involvement, or incarceration. A classroom-based intervention reduced criminal justice system involvement and substance use disorder among children with high self-control. Early interventions to promote child self-control may have long-term individual and social benefits.
Can we predict risk for cardiac involvement in paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome?
Authors: Yakut Nurhayat , Tanidir Ibrahim Cansaran , Yakut Kahraman , Sahin Sezgin , Kilinc Arda , Kabasakal Irem , Cetinkaya Merih , Onal Hasan , Ozturk Erkut 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Increasing recognition of paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome is a cause of concern. This study aimed to evaluate children with paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome and compare the clinical and laboratory features of children with and without cardiac involvement.Material and methods:We conducted a prospective single-centre study including 57 (male 37, 65%) patients with paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome at a tertiary care hospital between November, 2020 and March, 2021. The mean age was 8.8 ± 4.5 years (range, 10 months–16.7 years).Results:The most frequent symptoms were fever (100%), abdominal pain (65%) and diarrhoea (42%). SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology tests were positive in 3 (5%) and 52 (91%) patients, respectively. Eight patients required intensive care support. Nineteen patients (33%) had cardiac involvement (valvular regurgitation in 15, left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 11 and coronary artery dilation in 1). The presence and duration of cough and intensive care admissions were significantly higher in children with cardiac involvement than those without it. The cut-off values of troponin T, pro-brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin 6 for predicting cardiac involvement were 11.65 ng/L (95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.90; sensitivity, 0.63; specificity, 0.84; area under the curve: 0.775, p = 0.009), 849.5 pg/mL (95% CI, 0.54–0.86; sensitivity, 0.63; specificity, 0.63; area under the curve: 0.706, p = 0.009) and 39.8 pg/mL (95% CI, 0.54–0.85; sensitivity, 0.63; specificity, 0.60; area under the curve: 0.698, p = 0.023), respectively.Conclusions:Cardiac involvement in children with paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome is common. The risk of cardiac involvement can be predicted by troponin T, pro-brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin 6 levels.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in children with suspected myocarditis: current practice and applicability of adult protocols
Authors: Pitak Barbara , Opgen-Rhein Bernd , Schubert Stephan , Reineker Katja , Wiegand Gesa , Boecker Dorothée , Rentzsch Axel , Ruf Bettina , Özcan Sevinc , Wannenmacher Bardo , Pickardt Thomas , Seidel Franziska , Messroghli Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground:Cardiovascular magnetic resonance serves as a useful tool in diagnosing myocarditis. Current adult protocols are yet to be validated for children; thus, it remains unclear if the methods used can be applied with sufficient image quality in children. This study assesses the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in children with suspected myocarditis.Methods:Image data from clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies performed in children enrolled in Mykke between June 2014 and April 2019 were collected and analysed. The quality of the data sets was evaluated using a four-point quality scale (4: excellent, 3: good, 2: moderate, 1: non-diagnostic).Results:A total of 102 patients from 9 centres were included with a median age (interquartile range) of 15.4(10.7-16.6) years, 137 cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies were analysed. Diagnostic image quality was found in 95%. Examination protocols were consistent with the original Lake Louise criteria in 58% and with the revised criteria in 35%. Older patients presented with better image quality, with the best picture quality in the oldest age group (13-18 years). Sedation showed a negative impact on image quality in late gadolinium enhancement and oedema sequences. No such correlation was seen in cardiac function assessment sequences. In contrast to initial scans, in follow-up examinations, the use of parametric mapping increased while late gadolinium enhancement and oedema sequences decreased.Conclusion:Cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocols for the assessment of adult myocarditis can be applied to children without significant constraints in image quality. Given the lack of specific recommendations for children, cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocols should follow recent recommendations for adult cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
Concomitant pulmonary and neurological embolisation in a Down patient after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: what is missing?
Authors: Di Molfetta Arianna , Volpe Sonia , Cesario Marco , Mollo Pasquale , Boncompagni Duino , Di Ruzza Giancarlo , Menichelli Maurizio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 40-year-old Down patient without previous cardiological history was admitted to our institution for dyspnoea after COVID-19 vaccine. CT scan revealed a pulmonary thromboembolism. One week later, he developed neurological impairment and CT scan evidenced a left parietal ischaemic lesion. Concomitantly, he underwent echocardiography showing an atrioventricular septal defect typically associated to Down syndrome and never diagnosed earlier. The diagnosis of paradoxical embolisation was then supposed. Echocardiography also revealed a severe right heart section dilatation, with bidirectional shunt on the septal defects and systemic right heart pressure. Down patients affected by CHD are more prone to develop pulmonary vasculopathy than non-syndromic patients. In this case, the pulmonary vasculopathy was further exacerbated by the pulmonary embolism and by the late diagnosis of CHD. Finally, an appropriate timely diagnosis of atrioventricular septal defect could potentially avoid the neurological complication in this patient.