bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Organoleptic Properties and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) of Cooking Oil in the Selected Stores of Poblacion Malita, Davao Occidental, Philippines
Authors: Pangyan Joan M. , Guntiñas Lady Vaniza L. , Lumogdang Leonel P. 
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to evaluate the organoleptic properties and percent (%) free fatty acid (FFA) content of cooking oil, namely Coconut oil, palm oil, and Canola oil, in the selected stores of Poblacion Malita, Davao Occidental Philippines. The study compared the organoleptic properties and % FFA of the cooking oil to the Codex standard of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The study was conducted from August to December 2021. The post-product organoleptic evaluation of organoleptic properties and % FFA content in cooking oils can aid in determining the FFA safety level of cooking oil. A total of 15 samples (10 mL each) of Coconut, Palm and Canola oil were randomly collected from five selected stores. The organoleptic properties of collected oil samples were evaluated by direct inspection following the protocol by Dentali (2013). Free Fatty Acids (FFA) were analyzed using a titration method approved by the American Oil Chemist Society (AOCS). Results revealed that the color of coconut oil samples from the selected stores was very light yellow; canola oils were light yellow, and palm oils from the same stores had a golden yellow color. The taste and odor of coconut, palm, and canola oil samples were neutral, as well as the odor. The organoleptic characteristics of the oil samples were within the Codex Standard of FAO; thus, the products were compliant to the Codex standard. The percentage of FFA content showed that Coconut oil and Canola oil had lower FFA content compared to Palm oil. The average FFA values for each oil group were all compliant to the 2% limit set by industry standards.
Application of a Sludge Blanket Reactor for Effluent Treatment: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Lex Simon 
Published: June 2022

Energy is required in all societies worldwide. This led to a dependency of fossil fuel. During uncertain times fossil fuel supply become highly politically and used as an influencing source. This requires establishing a more environmentally friendly processes to decrease dependency. To produce biogas from municipal, agricultural and industrial waste a laboratory benchtop up-flow sludge blanket reactor with a operating volume of 2850 ml was designed build, started up, and operated using prepared municipal wastewater and separated liquid cow manure at a hydraulic retention time of 1 day, 3 days and 6 days after an 120 h adjustment time prior to testing.
While using wastewater as influent, the laboratory benchtop up-flow sludge blanket reactor system was not able to reduce the chemical oxygen demand content significantly. Especially at a high volumetric flow rate for the 1-day hydraulic retention time. The produced gas amount decreased from 0.59 ±0.07 (ml/h)/L at a hydraulic retention rate of 6 days to 0.042 ±0.04 (ml/h)/L. The fluctuating influent chemical oxygen demand of 25 ±1 mg/L to 74 ±15 mg/L resulted in a stable effluent concentration of 39 ml/L and 45 ±11 mg/L respectively.
The laboratory benchtop up-flow sludge blanket reactor system with separated liquid cow manure showed a higher chemical oxygen demand degradation capability but resulted in higher chemical oxygen demand in the effluent. The influent chemical oxygen demand of 308 ±42 mg/L was broken downs to 59 ±1 mg/L at a hydraulic retention time of 6 days and to 114 ±5 mg/L for 1 day retention time. The biogas production result in a stable gas production rate of 0.27 ±0.02 (ml/h)/L through all three hydraulic retention times. For both the wastewater and separated liquid cow manure operation the biogas without carbon dioxide was between 55 and 65%.
The results show that the laboratory benchtop up-flow sludge blanket reactor system can reduce high chemical oxygen demand in wastewater and separated liquid cow manure. However, a minimum feed level having a minimal chemical oxygen demand above 36 mg/L is needed, otherwise, the active bacterial mass contributes to the effluent level as seen for the influent level below 36 mg/L and 25 mg/L which resulted in a minimum effluent level of 39 mg/L for a hydraulic retention time of 3-days and 6-days.
Paradoxos de Retroalimentação da Pandemia da Covid-19: quebrando o ciclo
Authors: Sartório Carmem Luíza , Juiz Paulo José Lima , Rodrigues Lívia Carla de Melo , Álvares-da-Silva Adriana Madeira 
Published: June 2022

O isolamento social associado à pandemia da Coronavirus disease-19 é uma importante estratégia para conter a proliferação do Coronavírus e a preservação dos sistemas de saúde. No entanto, a exposição crônica ao estresse decorrente do isolamento social associado à massiva informação de cunho negativo pode promover alterações no eixo psico-neuro-endócrino-imune e aumentar o risco de morbimortalidade e predisposição à infecção viral. Este artigo apresenta aspectos relacionados à imunopatofisiologia da infecção pelo novo Coronavírus trazendo uma discussão sobre as consequências do estresse causado pelo isolamento social, como mecanismo de feedback positivo e fator de risco para retroalimentar a pandemia da Covid-19. Foram analisados pedidos de patentes de produtos tecnológicos e artigos que trazem abordagens integrativas de redução de estresse, de reforço das vias cerebrais positivas e do sistema imune, no intuito de promover a quebra desse ciclo vicioso.
Deep learning for emergency ascites diagnosis using ultrasonography images
Authors: Lin Zhanye , Li Zhengyi , Cao Peng , Lin Yingying , Liang Fengting , He Jiajun , Huang Libing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThe detection of abdominal free fluid or hemoperitoneum can provide critical information for clinical diagnosis and treatment, particularly in emergencies. This study investigates the use of deep learning (DL) for identifying peritoneal free fluid in ultrasonography (US) images of the abdominal cavity, which can help inexperienced physicians or non‐professional people in diagnosis. It focuses specifically on first‐response scenarios involving focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) technique.MethodsA total of 2985 US images were collected from ascites patients treated from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 at the Shenzhen Second People's Hospital. The data were categorized as Ascites‐1, Ascites‐2, or Ascites‐3, based on the surrounding anatomy. A uniform standard for regions of interest (ROIs) and the lack of obstruction from acoustic shadow was used to classify positive samples. These images were then divided into training (90%) and test (10%) datasets to evaluate the performance of a U‐net model, utilizing an encoder–decoder architecture and contracting and expansive paths, developed as part of the study.ResultsTest results produced sensitivity and specificity values of 94.38% and 68.13%, respectively, in the diagnosis of Ascites‐1 US images, with an average Dice coefficient of 0.65 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.21). Similarly, the sensitivity and specificity for Ascites‐2 were 97.12% and 86.33%, respectively, with an average Dice coefficient of 0.79 (SD = 0.14). The accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were 81.25% and 0.76 for Ascites‐1 and 91.73% and 0.91 for Ascites‐2.ConclusionThe results produced by the U‐net demonstrate the viability of DL for automated ascites diagnosis. This suggests the proposed technique could be highly valuable for improving FAST‐based preliminary diagnoses, particularly in emergency scenarios.
Virtually Speaking: The Impact of a Nationwide Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning Forum
Authors: Dua Anisha B. , Bolster Marcy B. , Gensler Lianne S. , Kolfenbach Jason , Mamut Mary H. , Seo Philip , Jonas Beth L. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo address significant disruptions in didactic education precipitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, a group of rheumatology program directors collaborated with the American College of Rheumatology to create a virtual fellows‐in‐training (V‐FIT) program.MethodsA working group was composed to develop the virtual didactic program comprising live virtual sessions of core curricular rheumatology topics that were recorded to permit asynchronous learning. Nationally recognized educators were invited to lead sessions to fill the void in didactic education occurring on a broad scale across US rheumatology fellowship training programs. Demographic information, live and asynchronous participation data, and feedback surveys were collected from participants in the program.ResultsThere were 3 components to V‐FIT: the Virtual Rheumatology Learning (ViRL) series, the Virtual Rheumatology Practicum (ViP), and the Virtual Rheumatology Teaching Lessons (ViTLs). The ViRL program had global impact with more than 2,000 learners from more than 55 countries. ViP provided a standardized curriculum of rheumatology topics for incoming first‐year fellows. ViTLs addressed advanced and interdisciplinary rheumatic disease topics for learners at all stages.ConclusionWith collaboration, adaptation, and innovation, the V‐FIT program not only maintained but also enhanced education for rheumatology trainees, was enriched by national and international participation, and provided standardized, broadly accessible content with interdisciplinary learning.
Volbots: Volvox Microalgae‐Based Robots for Multimode Precision Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Wang Jie , Soto Fernando , Liu Shiqin , Yin Qingqing , Purcell Emma , Zeng Yitian , Hsu En‐Chi , Akin Demir , Sinclair Bob , Stoyanova Tanya , Demirci Utkan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiohybrid microrobotics are exploited as a delivery approach to actively transport therapeutic payload to tumors. However, the therapeutic utility of this approach can be diminished by tumor hypoxia. Moreover, current biohybrid microrobotics design is mainly focused on the living organisms’ motility and biocompatibility, yet the unique biological function of the natural organism is often overlooked. Here, an all‐in‐one self‐propelled volvox‐based multifunctional robot, that is, Volbot, with built‐in capabilities of fluid mixing, multimode imaging, and photosynthesis‐mediated in situ oxygen generation that can potentially relieve hypoxia is developed. Volbots can follow a pre‐specified route and directionality under the control of a magnetic field. Red‐light irradiation (λ = 650 nm) can enhance the Volbot's locomotive behavior, enhance the mixing of biofluids, and modulate the oxygen production to improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Moreover, Volbots can absorb near‐infrared irradiation and produce localized hyperthermia to treat tumors. Subcutaneous tumor suppression can be achieved by this high‐yield oxygen‐producing biohybrid “microfactory” in a photodynamic/photothermal‐synergistic therapy strategy. Furthermore, Volbots also offer imaging capabilities and exhibit considerable promise as a multifunctional microrobotics‐based theranostic approach for a precision tumor therapy strategy.
W5+–W5+ Pair Induced LSPR of W18O49 to Sensitize ZnIn2S4 for Full‐Spectrum Solar‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lu Yue , Jia Xiaofang , Ma Zhaoyu , Li Yang , Yue Shuai , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Junying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) effect makes W18O49 an effective visible and near‐infrared (NIR) light antenna to realize full‐spectrum solar‐light driven photocatalysis, yet the precise origin remains elusive. Here, the LSPR originates from the localized electron confinement around lattice W5+–W5+ pairs in the unique structure of W18O49 by density‐functional theory calculation, which gives W18O49 a broad absorption ranging from visible to NIR region, independent of the particle shape and size is confirmed. This unique periodic LSPR simplifies the design of W18O49‐sensitized photocatalytic composite into enhancing the light absorbance of W18O49 and screening photocatalytic semiconductors with suitable energy band potentials. To this end, hierarchical‐structure W18O49 microflowers with high absorbance have been coated with ZnIn2S4 nanosheets to achieve cocatalyst‐free photocatalytic composite, which presents an outstanding H2 production rate of 902.57 µmol within 3 h under simulated solar‐light. Comprehensive characterizations, including ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, prove the injection of hot electrons from W18O49 to ZnIn2S4 and the increase of long‐lived active electrons. This work clarifies the LSPR origin of oxygen‐deficient semiconductors and paves the way for the search of broad‐spectrum active photocatalyst.
Not All Aggregates Are Made the Same: Distinct Structures of Solution Aggregates Drastically Modulate Assembly Pathways, Morphology, and Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Xu Zhuang , Park Kyung Sun , Kwok Justin J. , Lin Oliver , Patel Bijal B. , Kafle Prapti , Davies Daniel W. , Chen Qian , Diao Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTuning structures of solution‐state aggregation and aggregation‐mediated assembly pathways of conjugated polymers is crucial for optimizing their solid‐state morphology and charge‐transport property. However, it remains challenging to unravel and control the exact structures of solution aggregates, let alone to modulate assembly pathways in a controlled fashion. Herein, aggregate structures of an isoindigo–bithiophene‐based polymer (PII‐2T) are modulated by tuning selectivity of the solvent toward the side chain versus the backbone, which leads to three distinct assembly pathways: direct crystallization from side‐chain‐associated amorphous aggregates, chiral liquid crystal (LC)‐mediated assembly from semicrystalline aggregates with side‐chain and backbone stacking, and random agglomeration from backbone‐stacked semicrystalline aggregates. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the amorphous solution aggregates, compared with semicrystalline ones, lead to significantly improved alignment and reduced paracrystalline disorder in the solid state due to direct crystallization during the meniscus‐guided coating process. Alignment quantified by the dichroic ratio is enhanced by up to 14‐fold, and the charge‐carrier mobility increases by a maximum of 20‐fold in films printed from amorphous aggregates compared to those from semicrystalline aggregates. This work shows that by tuning the precise structure of solution aggregates, the assembly pathways and the resulting thin‐film morphology and device properties can be drastically tuned.
Omni‐Liquid Droplet and Bubble Manipulation Platform Using Functional Organogel Blocks
Authors: Kim Seonghyeon , Yoo Dongwoo , Lee Sanghyun , Kim Joonwon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDroplet and bubble manipulation in air and underwater, respectively, are of interest because of their potential applications in various areas related to microfluidics, gas collection, and other industrial applications. However, the fabrication of manipulation platforms capable of performing various functions (merging and mixing) and directionally moving droplets/bubbles on a single platform has rarely been reported. This paper describes a multifunctional manipulation platform designed using a slippery organogel channel capable of manipulating droplets and bubbles. The manipulation block can be fabricated by forming a polydimethylsiloxane channel using a 3D‐printed mold generated by a commercial 3D printer and filling it with a slippery organogel precursor. The fabricated manipulation platform can move various droplets regardless of viscosity, surface tension, acidity, or basicity; has a merging function; and can enhance mixing. As a functional block application, polyvinyl alcohol‐boric acid hydrogel is synthesized on a slippery organogel channel. Moreover, because of the nature of block assembly, new manipulation platforms that can perform desired functions can be created by assembling blocks. The proposed functional manipulation platform overcomes existing limitations and would have practical applications.
Laser‐Driven High‐Brightness Green Light for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication
Authors: Chen Hexin , Lin Tuan , Huang Fan , Li Shuxing , Tang Xueyuan , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGreen light is generally used as the transmitter of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system, but the currently available light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based green light has a poor luminous flux density (i.e., low brightness) and a low wall‐plug efficiency (WPE), known as the “green gap”. In this work, it is proposed to produce the laser‐driven green light by using blue laser diodes to pump the narrow‐band green‐emitting β‐Sialon phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) film. The dominant wavelength of the laser‐driven green light can be tuned in the range of ≈520–540 nm, required for UWOC, by controlling the phosphor content at ≈60–80% and the film thickness at ≈150–185 µm. By introducing highly reflective TiO2into the PiG film, the laser‐driven green light exhibits a maximum luminous flux density of 1260 lm mm−2under blue laser excitation with a power density of 15.49 W mm−2. For UWOC application, the green light is demonstrated to have a modulation bandwidth of 1.76 MHz, a high WPE of 8.7%, and a long transmission distance of ≈61.6 m. This work suggests that the laser‐driven high‐brightness green light will be a promising light source for UWOC.
Asymmetric Metal‐Templated Route to Amino Acids with 3‐Spiropyrrolidine Oxindole Core via a 1,3‐Dipolar Addition of Azomethine Ylides to a Chiral Dehydroalanine Ni(II) Complex
Authors: Gugkaeva Zalina T. , Panova Maria V. , Smol'yakov Alexander F. , Medvedev Michael G. , Tsaloev Alan T. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Maleev Victor I. , Larionov Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe herein developed a protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of artificial AAs featuring a 3‐spiropyrrolidine oxindole skeletal with continuous tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of in situ generated azomethine ylides with a chiral dehydroalanine Ni(II) complex. A three‐component reaction of the Ni(II) complex with various isatins and AAs in green solvent (ethanol) provided series of diastereomeric complexes with high dr (>20:1) in 40–86% yields. The formation of different regioisomers in the case of sarcosine and proline was explained using quantum chemical calculation. The acidic decomposition of the obtained Ni(II) complexes led to the target unnatural complex AAs with a 3‐spiropyrrolidine oxindole core. The chiral auxiliary ligand was recovered after decomposition and reused for the synthesis of the starting dehydroalanine complex‐substrate.magnified image
Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid contents in field crops soils under various weed management practices
Authors: Samson‐Brais Émile , Lucotte Marc , Moingt Matthieu , Tremblay Gilles , Paquet Serge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo avoid yield loss in field crops associated with glyphosate‐resistant weed and changes in their population dynamics, repeated applications of glyphosate‐based herbicides (GBH) and combination with other herbicides are weed management practices (WMP) increasingly used worldwide, and particularly so in southern Quebec (Canada). These practices affect soil biological activity as well as soil functions but could also influence glyphosate and its main degradation product, the aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), persistence. This study was conducted in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field crops to evaluate the effects of single vs. repeated GBH applications, with or without the addition of other herbicides, on glyphosate and AMPA persistence in soils throughout a growing season. In corn plots, the highest glyphosate content (0.11 mg kg–1) was observed following two GBH applications combined with other herbicides (i.a. S‐metolachlor and mesotrione). In soybean plots, the highest glyphosate content (0.18 mg kg–1) was also measured following two GBH applications combined with other herbicides (i.a. imazethapyr and chlorimuron). AMPA contents in corn plots soils were similar whatever WMP employed, whereas differences were observed in soybean plots according to the WMP. Soybean plots thus seemed more responsive to variation in weed management practices than corn plots. This study highlights the persistence of glyphosate and AMPA in agricultural soils at least 8 wk after the last GBH application.
Risk factors for non‐gastric‐cancer‐related death after gastrectomy in elderly patients
Authors: Iida Michihisa , Takeda Shigeru , Nakashima Chiyo , Nishiyama Mitsuo , Watanabe Yusaku , Suzuki Nobuaki , Yoshino Shigefumi , Nakagami Yuki , Tanabe Tsuyoshi , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo identify preoperative factors, especially other diseases that cause death, that are associated with the prognosis of gastrectomy in elderly patients with gastric cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study included a total of 211 consecutive patients aged ≥75 years who underwent radical gastrectomy due to gastric cancer. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values for various perioperative factors. Risk factors for the overall survival and death from other diseases were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAmong the all perioperative factors, sex, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, skeletal muscle mass index, and lymph node dissection in accordance with guidelines or not extracted as independent risk factors for death from other diseases. In an analysis restricted to the preoperative factors, sex, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and skeletal muscle mass index of the patients were extracted as independent risk factors for death from other diseases and overall survival. We divided the patients into four groups according to the number of preoperative risk factors for death from other diseases and found that the 5‐year non‐gastric‐cancer‐related survival was different among the four groups (risk factor 0, 91.7%; risk factor 1, 83.3%; risk factor 2, 56.3%; risk factor 3, 27.2%; P < 0.001).ConclusionMale sex, low skeletal muscle mass index, and high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio are risk factors for non‐gastric‐cancer‐related death and the overall survival of elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy. Cautious treatment strategies are needed for elderly gastric cancer patients with many risk factors.