bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal attention-based deep learning for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis
Authors: Golovanevsky Michal , Eickhoff Carsten , Singh Ritambhara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with one of the most complex pathogeneses, making effective and clinically actionable decision support difficult. The objective of this study was to develop a novel multimodal deep learning framework to aid medical professionals in AD diagnosis.

Materials and Methods
We present a Multimodal Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis framework (MADDi) to accurately detect the presence of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from imaging, genetic, and clinical data. MADDi is novel in that we use cross-modal attention, which captures interactions between modalities—a method not previously explored in this domain. We perform multi-class classification, a challenging task considering the strong similarities between MCI and AD. We compare with previous state-of-the-art models, evaluate the importance of attention, and examine the contribution of each modality to the model’s performance.

Results
MADDi classifies MCI, AD, and controls with 96.88% accuracy on a held-out test set. When examining the contribution of different attention schemes, we found that the combination of cross-modal attention with self-attention performed the best, and no attention layers in the model performed the worst, with a 7.9% difference in F1-scores.

Discussion
Our experiments underlined the importance of structured clinical data to help machine learning models contextualize and interpret the remaining modalities. Extensive ablation studies showed that any multimodal mixture of input features without access to structured clinical information suffered marked performance losses.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the merit of combining multiple input modalities via cross-modal attention to deliver highly accurate AD diagnostic decision support.
Human Nature and Aspiring the Divine: On Antiquity and Transhumanism
Authors: Malanowski Sarah , Baima Nicholas R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many transhumanists see their respective movement as being rooted in ancient ethical thought. However, this alleged connection between the contemporary transhumanist doctrine and the ethical theory of antiquity has come under attack. In this paper, we defend this connection by pointing out a key similarity between the two intellectual traditions. Both traditions are committed to the “radical transformation thesis”: ancient ethical theory holds that we should assimilate ourselves to the gods as far as possible, and transhumanists hold that we should enhance ourselves beyond the physical and intellectual parameters of being human so as to become posthuman. By considering the two views in tandem, we develop an account of the assimilation directive that is palatable to contemporary readers and provide a view of posthumanism worth wanting.
Assessing Oncologists’ Adoption of Biomarker Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Real-World Data
Authors: Iyer Pritish , Deng Mengying , Handorf Elizabeth A , Nakhoda Shazia , Dotan Efrat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite national guideline recommendations for universal biomarker testing (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and mismatch repair and microsatellite instability [MMR/MSI]) in all patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), little is known regarding adherence to these recommendations in routine practice.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with mCRC diagnosed between January 1, 2013, and December 27, 2018, from a de-identified electronic health record–derived database. We analyzed disparities in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and MMR/MSI testing by race, age, sex, and insurance status using χ2 tests and t tests. We evaluated changes in biomarker testing over time with attention to changes around dates of landmark publications and guideline updates using χ2 tests and Cochran-Armitage tests.

Results
A total of 20 333 patients were identified of which 66.6% had test results for any biomarker. Rates of test results for all 4 biomarkers statistically significantly increased over time (P &lt; .001). However, as of June 30, 2018, the rate of test results was only 46% for NRAS, 56% for KRAS, and 46% for BRAF. As of December 31, 2017, the rate of MMR/MSI testing was 59%. Higher documented testing rates were associated with younger age, lower Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and commercial insurance. There were no clinically meaningful and/or statistically significant differences in documented testing rates by tumor sidedness, race, sex, or initial stage.

Conclusions
Increased rates of documented testing for NRAS, BRAF, and MMR/MSI in mCRC was seen between 2013 and 2018 reflecting adoption of guideline recommendations. However, the rate of documented testing remains lower than expected and warrants additional research to understand the extent to which this may represent a clinical practice quality concern.
Recurrence patterns and progression-free survival after chemoradiotherapy with or without consolidation durvalumab for stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kishi Noriko , Matsuo Yukinori , Shintani Takashi , Ogura Masakazu , Mitsuyoshi Takamasa , Araki Norio , Fujii Kota , Okumura Setsuko , Nakamatsu Kiyoshi , Kishi Takahiro , Atsuta Tomoko , Sakamoto Takashi , Ohtsu Shuji , Katagiri Tomohiro , Narabayashi Masaru , Fujishiro Satsuki , Iizuka Yusuke , Ozasa Hiroaki , Hirai Toyohiro , Mizowaki Takashi ,   Kyoto Radiation Oncology Study Group (KROSG)
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy followed by consolidation durvalumab (CCRT+D) improves survival in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared recurrence patterns and survival in the CCRT+D and CCRT cohorts. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study in Japan. Patients who received CCRT for stage III NSCLC were included in this study. Of 178 eligible patients, 136 were in the CCRT+D and 42 were in the CCRT cohorts. Locoregional recurrence (LR), LR plus distant metastases (DM), and DM were observed in 20.6%, 8.8%, 27.9% of the CCRT+D, and 26.2%, 16.7% and 33.3% of the CCRT cohorts, respectively. In-field recurrence was the most common LR pattern in both cohorts. Squamous cell carcinoma and PD-L1 expression &lt; 1%, and female sex and EGFR mutations were significantly associated with an increased risk of LR and DM. In patients with any risk factors for LR, the incidence of LR was similar in the CCRT+D and CCRT (39.5% vs 45.5%). The 24 month progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 40.3% and 69.4% in the CCRT+D and 24.7% and 61.0% in the CCRT cohorts, respectively. Poor performance status and no consolidation durvalumab were significantly associated with shorter PFS. There was a significant difference in PFS between the CCRT+D and CCRT in the propensity score-matched cohort (HR = 0.51, P = 0.005). In conclusion, consolidation durvalumab decreased both LR and DM, and significantly improved PFS. However, in-field recurrence was still a major problem, as well as DM.
The Second Canonization of the Qur’ān: A Review Article
Authors: Moqbel Tareq 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shady Nasser's monograph The Second Canonization of the Qur’ān is a significant intervention in the field of qirā’āt. The present article provides an analysis of the book. The main themes of the book are surveyed, and some of its arguments are presented, though not always free from criticism. The review also includes a discussion of various technical points which require amendment, others that invite investigation, as well as issues on which the present author has his doubts.
A Pleiotropic Flowering Time QTL Exhibits Gene-by-Environment Interaction for Fitness in a Perennial Grass
Authors: Weng Xiaoyu , Haque Taslima , Zhang Li , Razzaque Samsad , Lovell John T , Palacio-Mejía Juan Diego , Duberney Perla , Lloyd-Reilley John , Bonnette Jason , Juenger Thomas E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAppropriate flowering time is a crucial adaptation impacting fitness in natural plant populations. Although the genetic basis of flowering variation has been extensively studied, its mechanisms in nonmodel organisms and its adaptive value in the field are still poorly understood. Here, we report new insights into the genetic basis of flowering time and its effect on fitness in Panicum hallii, a native perennial grass. Genetic mapping in populations derived from inland and coastal ecotypes identified flowering time quantitative trait loci (QTL) and many exhibited extensive QTL-by-environment interactions. Patterns of segregation within recombinant hybrids provide strong support for directional selection driving ecotypic divergence in flowering time. A major QTL on chromosome 5 (q-FT5) was detected in all experiments. Fine-mapping and expression studies identified a gene with orthology to a rice FLOWERING LOCUS T-like 9 (PhFTL9) as the candidate underlying q-FT5. We used a reciprocal transplant experiment to test for local adaptation and the specific impact of q-FT5 on performance. We did not observe local adaptation in terms of fitness tradeoffs when contrasting ecotypes in home versus away habitats. However, we observed that the coastal allele of q-FT5 conferred a fitness advantage only in its local habitat but not at the inland site. Sequence analyses identified an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms at the PhFTL9 promoter in the inland lineage, suggesting a role for either selection or population expansion on promoter evolution. Together, our findings demonstrate the genetic basis of flowering variation in a perennial grass and provide evidence for conditional neutrality underlying flowering time divergence.
Disability History and Greco-Roman Antiquity
Authors: Goodey C. F. , Rose M. Lynn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To obtain a historical perspective on disability, we need to know what questions people of the past asked about each other and thus how they grouped human types. This effort involves removing the carapace of modern forms of classification and avoiding their imposition on the primary sources of an era so distant from our own (“retrospective diagnosis”). At least three major forms are identifiable: (1) the post-Cartesian divide between mind and body; (2) the tightening of forms of human categorization in general since the late Middle Ages; and (3) the thoroughly modern divide between the scientific/medical and the social. Human disparities and putative disabilities, ranging widely from the ancient era to the start of the Middle Ages and including the body, the senses, cognition, speech, social behavior, and sexual make-up, are discussed. These may or may not correspond with modern categorizations.
Intellectual Disability in the European Middle Ages
Authors: Metzler Irina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This investigation of intellectual disability in the Middle Ages uncovers narratives of this perceived condition in the historical sources. Authors of normative texts, for instance, medical, legal, and natural-philosophical authorities, were the medieval equivalent of modern scientific experts with regard to defining, assessing, and controlling notions of intellectual disability. This new and specific discussion seeks to reframe the paradigm of what constituted intellectual disability at different periods in both medieval and modern times. Philosophically, and subsequently judicially, medieval intellectual disability was considered the absence of reason, representing the irrational, which contrasted the mentally disabled with the Aristotelian concept of the human being as the rational animal. Medieval terminology employed a fluidity of definitions, which highlights the constructedness of terms revolving around intellectual disability. Analyses of the culturally specific constructions of intellectual disability enhance our knowledge of the intellectual heritage underpinning current concepts of cognitive and mental pathologies.
Disability and the History of Eugenics
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eugenics is central to the history of disability in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Recently, scholars in a number of disciplines have debated whether the biopolitical regime that emerged in the waning decades of the twentieth century can be called “eugenic.” Some scholars claim that although distinctions can be made between an “old” eugenics (1860s–1950s) and a “new” eugenics (1960s–present), the basic tenets of eugenics have endured. Other scholars, Nikolas Rose being the most prominent among them, assert that the biopolitics at the turn of the twenty-first century is significantly different from the “old” eugenics and must be analyzed on its own terms. The question of whether one can write a “long” history of eugenics has animated a lively debate among historians. When viewed through the lens of disability, important continuities emerge between the history of eugenics and the current biopolitical regime.
Material Culture, Technology, and the Body in Disability History
Authors: Ott Katherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Disability is created, measured, and supported through material culture. Technology, a kind of material culture, has an especially close relationship with disability in that it both supports daily activities and is often a primary element in defining who is of worth or qualifies as human. Some of the unique and complicated ways in which disability and material culture interact and intersect are presented here, highlighting such things as sensory and nonverbal information, material expression of inclusion and accessibility, definitions of technology, the prevalence of do-it-yourself solutions, and ideologies of assistance and independence. Also discussed is the use of two broad functions of technology, objects of activity and objects of worth, as an entry point into critical disability studies analysis.
Picturing Disability in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Turner David M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The eighteenth century is often seen as a time when disability became increasingly marginalized in visual culture. However, a glimpse beyond the classical tastes of “high” art reveals not a disappearance but a flourishing of representations of physical and sensory difference. Eighteenth-century popular art and satirical prints examined the disabled body not just as a symbol of misfortune or target for medical intervention, but also as a source of pleasure or an object of satire that conveyed wider messages about the times. A rich and varied range of pictorial representations of disability in the long eighteenth century (ca. 1680–ca. 1830) contributed to social, cultural, and medical understandings of bodily difference in English culture. People with disabilities played important roles as artists, models, and critics in an era before modern “disability arts.”
Devices of future excellence: Detaching excellence recognition from ‘eminent men’
Authors: Bloch Roland , Mitterle Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe global diffusion of the graduate school organizational model has shifted the way future academic excellence is identified from a paternalistic master–disciple relationship to a collective organizational decision. ‘Eminent men’ used to recruit PhD students on the firm belief that they could identify excellence and integrate it in their own scientific endeavor. Graduate schools formalize such judgments and transform them into an organizational decision. They establish admission devices to assure criteria-based collective decisions. To understand this shift, the article draws on the example of two German graduate schools that proclaim to search for outstanding doctoral candidates. As a latecomer in the transformation to graduate schools, the German case allows to observe the shift in statu nascendi. The article highlights the distinct role multi-site admission devices play. In both cases, they redistribute agency and excellence through the construction of competitive social fields. Documents, grades, committee deliberations, interviews, and excel files mobilize a social space in which applicants are qualified as acting holistically and competitively against each other in order to identify those most likely of future excellence. Admission is not predefined but the result of a cascade of socio-material fielding practices that purify a comparative social space, qualify applicants competitively, and infuse them with site-specific agency that increasingly authenticates them as field actors. Building on the work of Michel Callon and colleagues, we understand such formatting of future excellence as field agencements.
EURADOS REM-COUNTER INTERCOMPARISON AT MAASTRO PROTON THERAPY CENTRE: COMPARISON WITH LITERATURE DATA
Authors: Zorloni Gabriele , Bosmans Geert , Brall Thomas , Caresana Marco , De Saint-Hubert Marijke , Domingo Carles , Ferrante Christian , Ferrulli Francesca , Kopec Renata , Leidner Johannes , Mares Vladimir , Nabha Racell , Olko Pawel , Caballero-Pacheco Miguel Angel , Rühm Werner , Silari Marco , Stolarczyk Liliana , Swakon Jan , Tisi Marco , Trinkl Sebastian , Van Hoey Olivier , Vilches-Freixas Gloria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Maastro Proton Therapy Centre is the first European facility housing the Mevion S250i Hyperscan synchrocyclotron. The proximity of the accelerator to the patient, the presence of an active pencil beam delivery system downstream of a passive energy degrader and the pulsed structure of the beam make the Mevion stray neutron field unique amongst proton therapy facilities. This paper reviews the results of a rem-counter intercomparison experiment promoted by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group at Maastro and compares them with those at other proton therapy facilities. The Maastro neutron H*(10) in the room (100–200 μSv/Gy at about 2 m from the isocentre) is in line with accelerators using purely passive or wobbling beam delivery modalities, even though Maastro shows a dose gradient peaked near the accelerator. Unlike synchrotron- and cyclotron-based facilities, the pulsed beam at Maastro requires the employment of rem-counters specifically designed to withstand pulsed neutron fields.
Reduced brain activity and functional connectivity during creative idea generation in individuals with smartphone addiction
Authors: Li Xinyi , Li Yadan , Wang Xuewei , Hu Weiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, the frequency of smartphone use has surged, which has caused an increase in smartphone addiction among individuals. Smartphone addiction can impair various cognitive abilities. However, to date, the impact of smartphone addiction on creative cognition remains unclear. The current functional near-infrared spectroscopy study compared neural differences between smartphone addiction tendency (SAT) and healthy control (HC) individuals during creative idea generation. In particular, by manipulating a key component of creative cognition, that is, overcoming semantic constraints, we explored whether SAT individuals could overcome semantic constraints. Both the SAT and HC groups completed the alternate uses task (AUT) in semantic constraint and unconstraint conditions. The results indicated that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporal regions were less active during AUT in the SAT group than in the HC group. In the SAT group, the PFC was less active under constraint than unconstraint conditions. Moreover, both task-related and resting-state functional connectivity analyses indicated weaker coupling between the PFC and temporal regions in the SAT than in the HC group. Furthermore, the left dorsolateral PFC mediated the effect of smartphone addiction on creative performance. These findings provide unprecedented neuroimaging evidence on the negative impact of smartphone addiction on creative cognition.
Outcomes of Margin Reexcision after Oncoplastic Breast Reduction
Authors: Martin Tasha A. , Choudhry Salman , Holton Luther H. , Mylander W. Charles , Tafra Lorraine , Liang Wen , Jackson Rubie Sue 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Tissue rearrangement after an oncoplastic breast reduction may complicate identification of margins during reexcision. Little is known about outcomes of reoperation in this setting.

Methods:
This is a single-institution, retrospective analysis of outcomes of margin reexcisions after lumpectomy with concurrent oncoplastic Wise-pattern reduction from 2015 to 2020. Outcomes assessed were the rate of successful breast conservation, in-breast recurrence, wound issues or complications, effect on cosmesis, and delay to onset of adjuvant therapy.

Results:
From 2015 to 2020, 649 patients underwent lumpectomy with oncoplastic Wise-pattern reduction. Forty-seven patients (7.2%) had greater than or equal to one positive margin(s); of these, 28 went directly to mastectomy, and 19 underwent margin reexcision. Residual disease was found in seven of 19 patients (37%) at reexcision. The rate of successful breast-conserving therapy was 95% with a mean follow-up of 31 months. There was one (5%) in-breast recurrence (invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC] occurring 30 months after the original operation); this patient had a mastectomy for treatment of her recurrence. The overall complication rate was 37%. Radiation was administered to 18 patients (95%), and two patients (11%) had delay of radiation past 6 weeks due to wound complications. Of the 14 patients with photographs available, 12 of 14 patients (86%) were blindly assessed to have equivalent or better cosmesis after margin reexcision (versus initial lumpectomy).

Conclusion:
Margin reexcision after oncoplastic breast reduction with Wise-pattern is feasible and effective, and can be done without compromising the initial cosmetic results.
Erector Spinae Plane Block is Equivalent to Tumescent Local Anesthesia for Perioperative Pain Control with Abdominal Harvest for Fat Grafting
Authors: Shahriari Shawhin , Laarakker Avra , Luna Donald , Merchant Kanwal , Baker Elizabeth , Billstrand Mary , Wu Jeffrey 
Published: September 2022

Background:
There is increasing evidence that lidocaine is toxic to adipocytes and their precursors, which can contribute to the variability in fat graft resorption. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a new technique to provide analgesia of the trunk and would avoid lidocaine at the fat graft donor site. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ESP block versus tumescent local anesthesia (TLA).

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent autologous fat grafting from the abdomen at the University of New Mexico Hospital between February 2016 and March 2019. These patients received either ESP block or TLA during abdominal fat harvest. The primary endpoints were intraoperative, postoperative, and total morphine equivalents.

Results:
There was no difference in the mean intraoperative, postoperative, and total morphine equivalents administered between the ESP and TLA groups.

Conclusions:
ESP block is equivalent to TLA for analgesia when using an abdominal donor site for fat harvest. ESP block should be considered in fat-grafting cases to avoid the potential toxicity of lidocaine to the viability of adipocytes and preadipocytes.