bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GrOD
: Deep Learning with Gradients Orthogonal Decomposition for Knowledge Transfer, Distillation, and Adversarial Training
Authors: Xiong Haoyi , Wan Ruosi , Zhao Jian , Chen Zeyu , Li Xingjian , Zhu Zhanxing , Huan Jun 
Published: April 2022

Regularization that incorporates the linear combination of empirical loss and explicit regularization terms as the loss function has been frequently used for many machine learning tasks. The explicit regularization term is designed in different types, depending on its applications. While regularized learning often boost the performance with higher accuracy and faster convergence, the regularization would sometimes hurt the empirical loss minimization and lead to poor performance. To deal with such issues in this work, we propose a novel strategy, namely

Gr
adients
O
rthogonal
D
ecomposition

(

GrOD
), that improves the training procedure of regularized deep learning. Instead of linearly combining gradients of the two terms,

GrOD
re-estimates a new direction for iteration that does not hurt the empirical loss minimization while preserving the regularization affects, through orthogonal decomposition. We have performed extensive experiments to use

GrOD
improving the commonly used algorithms of transfer learning [
2
], knowledge distillation [
3
], and adversarial learning [
4
]. The experiment results based on large datasets, including Caltech 256 [
5
], MIT indoor 67 [
6
], CIFAR-10 [
7
], and ImageNet [
8
], show significant improvement made by

GrOD
for all three algorithms in all cases.
Immunotherapy of Neuroblastoma: Facts and Hopes
Authors: Anderson John , Majzner Robbie G. , Sondel Paul M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile the adoption of multimodal therapy including surgery, radiation, and aggressive combination chemotherapy has improved outcomes for many children with high-risk neuroblastoma, we appear to have reached a plateau in what can be achieved with cytotoxic therapies alone. Most children with cancer, including high-risk neuroblastoma, do not benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that have revolutionized the treatment of many highly immunogenic adult solid tumors. This likely reflects the low tumor mutation burden as well as the downregulated MHC-I that characterizes most high-risk neuroblastomas. For these reasons, neuroblastoma represents an immunotherapeutic challenge that may be a model for the creation of effective immunotherapy for other “cold” tumors in children and adults that do not respond to ICI. The identification of strong expression of the disialoganglioside GD2 on the surface of nearly all neuroblastoma cells provided a target for immune recognition by anti-GD2 mAbs that recruit Fc receptor–expressing innate immune cells that mediate cytotoxicity or phagocytosis. Adoption of anti-GD2 antibodies into both upfront and relapse treatment protocols has dramatically increased survival rates and altered the landscape for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. This review describes how these approaches have been expanded to additional combinations and forms of immunotherapy that have already demonstrated clear clinical benefit. We also describe the efforts to identify additional immune targets for neuroblastoma. Finally, we summarize newer approaches being pursued that may well help both innate and adaptive immune cells, endogenous or genetically engineered, to more effectively destroy neuroblastoma cells, to better induce complete remission and prevent recurrence.
Low-voltage bulk-driven flipped voltage follower-based transconductance amplifier
Authors: Rajesh Durgam , Tamil Subramanian , Raj Nikhil , Chourasia Bharti 
Published: April 2022

A low voltage high performance design of operational transconductance amplifier is proposed in this paper. The proposed architecture is based on bulk driven quasi-floating gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) which supports low voltage operation and improves the gain of the amplifier. Besides to this the tail current source requirement of operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is removed by using the flipped voltage follower structure at the input pair along with bulk driven quasi-floating gate MOSFET. The proposed operational transconductance amplifier shows a five-fold increase in direct current (DC) gain and 3-fold increase in unity gain bandwidth when compared with its conventional bulk driven architecture. The metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) model used for amplifier design is of 0.18 um complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology at supply of 0.5 V.
Integration of convolutional neural network and extreme gradient boosting for breast cancer detection
Authors: Sugiharti Endang , Arifudin Riza , Wiyanti Dian Tri , Susilo Arief Broto 
Published: April 2022

With the most recent advances in technology, computer programming has reached the capabilities of human brain to decide things for almost all healthcare systems. The implementation of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is expected to improve the accurateness of breast cancer detection. The aims of this research were to; i) determine the stages of CNN-XGBoost integration in diagnosis of breast cancer and ii) calculate the accuracy of the CNN-XGBoost integration in breast cancer detection. By combining transfer learning and data augmentation, CNN with XGBoost as a classifier was used. After acquiring accuracy results through transfer learning, this reasearch connects the final layer to the XGBoost classifier. Furthermore, the interface design for the evaluation process was established using the Python programming language and the Django platform. The results: i) the stages of CNN-XGBoost integration on histopathology images for breast cancer detection were discovered. ii) Achieved a higher level of accuracy as a result of the CNN-XGBoost integration for breast cancer detection. In conclusion, breast cancer detection was revealed through the integration of CNN-XGBoost through histopathological images. The combination of CNN and XGBoost can enhance the accuracy of breast cancer detection.
A novel phosphor structure for improving the luminous flux of white LEDs
Authors: Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen , Nedoma Jan , Anh Vu Le , An Nguyen Thi Dieu , An Nguyen Thi Dieu 
Published: April 2022

This section focuses on the color uniformity and luminous production of multi-chip white-emitted LED lighting systems (MCW-LEDs) in improving illuminated performance. To accomplish the desired outcome, CaO:Sb3+ must be mixed with their phosphor compounding, which has been shown to have a massive impact on illuminating effectiveness. There is also evidence that the increasing of yellowish-green-emitted phosphorus CaO:Sb3+ concentration supports color homogeneity as well as luminescent effectiveness enhancements in MCW-LEDs featuring a 8500 K correlating colour temperature (CCT). Meanwhile, that rise in CaO:Sb3+ concentration leads to the gradually deteriorating color quality scale. Thus, if appropriate concentration and particle size of CaO:Sb3+ phosphor are determined, it is not hard to obtain such an excellent presentation in color uniformity, color quality scale and luminescence of MCW-LEDs.
The IFNγ-PDL1 Pathway Enhances CD8T-DCT Interaction to Promote Hypertension
Authors: Benson Lance N. , Liu Yunmeng , Wang Xiangting , Xiong Yunzhao , Rhee Sung W. , Guo Yunping , Deck Katherine S. , Mora Christoph J. , Li Lin-Xi , Huang Lu , Andrews J. Tucker , Qin Zhiqiang , Hoover Robert S. , Ko Benjamin , Williams Ryan M. , Heller Daniel A. , Jaimes Edgar A. , Mu Shengyu 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Renal T cells contribute importantly to hypertension, but the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. We reported that CD8Ts directly stimulate distal convoluted tubule cells (DCTs) to increase NCC (sodium chloride co-transporter) expression and salt reabsorption. However, the mechanistic basis of this pathogenic pathway that promotes hypertension remains to be elucidated.

Methods:

We used mouse models of DOCA+salt (DOCA) treatment and adoptive transfer of CD8
+
T cells (CD8T) from hypertensive animals to normotensive animals in in vivo studies. Co-culture of mouse DCTs and CD8Ts was used as in vitro model to test the effect of CD8T activation in promoting NCC-mediated sodium retention and to identify critical molecular players contributing to the CD8T-DCT interaction. Interferon (IFNγ)-KO mice and mice receiving renal tubule-specific knockdown of PDL1 were used to verify in vitro findings. Blood pressure was continuously monitored via radio-biotelemetry, and kidney samples were saved at experimental end points for analysis.

Results:
We identified critical molecular players and demonstrated their roles in augmenting the CD8T-DCT interaction leading to salt-sensitive hypertension. We found that activated CD8Ts exhibit enhanced interaction with DCTs via IFN-γ-induced upregulation of MHC-I and PDL1 in DCTs, thereby stimulating higher expression of NCC in DCTs to cause excessive salt retention and progressive elevation of blood pressure. Eliminating IFN-γ or renal tubule-specific knockdown of PDL1 prevented T cell homing into the kidney, thereby attenuating hypertension in 2 different mouse models.

Conclusions:
Our results identified the role of activated CD8Ts in contributing to increased sodium retention in DCTS through the IFNγ-PDL1 pathway. These findings provide a new mechanism for T cell involvement in the pathogenesis of hypertension and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
Cardiac Resident Macrophage-Derived Legumain Improves Cardiac Repair by Promoting Clearance and Degradation of Apoptotic Cardiomyocytes After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jia Daile , Chen Siqin , Bai Peiyuan , Luo Chentao , Liu Jin , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Cardiac resident macrophages are self-maintaining and originate from embryonic hematopoiesis. After myocardial infarction, cardiac resident macrophages are responsible for the efficient clearance and degradation of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (efferocytosis). This process is required for inflammation resolution and tissue repair; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify the mechanisms of the continued clearance and degradation of phagolysosomal cargo by cardiac resident macrophages during myocardial infarction.

Methods:

Multiple transgenic mice such as Lgmn
−/−
, Lgmn
F/F
; LysM
Cre
, Lgmn
F/F
; Cx3cr1
CreER
, Lgmn
F/F
; Lyve
Cre
, and cardiac macrophage Lgmn overexpression by adenovirus gene transfer were used to determine the functional significance of Lgmn in myocardial infarction. Immune cell filtration and inflammation were examined by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, legumain (Lgmn) expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the cardiac tissues of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and healthy control subjects.

Results:

We identified
Lgmn
as a gene specifically expressed by cardiac resident macrophages. Lgmn deficiency resulted in a considerable exacerbation in cardiac function, accompanied by the accumulation of apoptotic cardiomyocytes and a reduced index of in vivo efferocytosis in the border area. It also led to decreased cytosolic calcium attributable to defective intracellular calcium mobilization. Furthermore, the formation of LC3-II–dependent phagosome around secondary-encountered apoptotic cardiomyocytes was disabled. In addition, Lgmn deficiency increased infiltration of MHC-II
high
CCR2
+
macrophages and the enhanced recruitment of MHC-II
low
CCR2
+
monocytes with downregulation of the anti-inflammatory mediators, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β and upregulationof the proinflammatory mediators interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ.

Conclusions:
Our results directly link efferocytosis to wound healing in the heart and identify Lgmn as a significant link between acute inflammation resolution and organ function.
Temporal Trends in the Remaining Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Middle-Aged Adults Across 6 Decades: The Framingham Study
Authors: Vasan Ramachandran S. , Enserro Danielle M. , Xanthakis Vanessa , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The remaining lifetime risk (RLR) is the probability of developing an outcome over the remainder of one’s lifespan at any given age. The RLR for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in three 20-year periods were assessed using data from a single community-based cohort study of predominantly White participants.

Methods:
Longitudinal data from the Framingham study in 3 epochs (epoch 1, 1960–1979; epoch 2, 1980–1999; epoch 3, 2000–2018) were evaluated. The RLR of a first ASCVD event (myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, or stroke) from 45 years of age (adjusting for competing risk of death) in the 3 epochs were compared overall, and according to the following strata: sex, body mass index, blood pressure and cholesterol categories, diabetes, smoking, and Framingham risk score groups.

Results:

There were 317 849 person-years of observations during the 3 epochs (56% women; 94% White) and 4855 deaths occurred. Life expectancy rose by 10.1 years (men) to 11.9 years (women) across the 3 epochs. There were 1085 ASCVD events over the course of 91 330 person-years in epoch 1, 1330 ASCVD events over the course of 107 450 person-years in epoch 2, and 775 ASCVD events over the course of 119 069 person-years in epoch 3. The mean age at onset of first ASCVD event was greater in the third epoch by 8.1 years (men) to 10.3 years (women) compared with the first epoch. The RLR of ASCVD from 45 years of age declined from 43.7% in epoch 1 to 28.1% in epoch 3 (
P
<0.0001), a finding that was consistent in both sexes (RLR [epoch 1 versus epoch 3], 36.3% versus 26.5% [women]; 52.5% versus 30.1% [men];
P
<0.001 for both). The lower RLR of ASCVD in the last 2 epochs was observed consistently across body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and Framingham risk score strata (
P
<0.001 for all). The RLR of coronary heart disease events and stroke declined in both sexes (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Over the past 6 decades, mean life expectancy increased and the RLR of ASCVD decreased in the community-based, predominantly White Framingham study. The residual burden of ASCVD underscores the importance of continued and effective primary prevention efforts with better screening for risk factors and their effective treatment.
Tissue Sodium in Patients With Early Stage Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alsouqi Aseel , Deger Serpil Muge , Sahinoz Melis , Mambungu Cindy , Clagett Adrienne R. , Bian Aihua , Guide Andrew , Stewart Thomas G. , Pike Mindy , Robinson‐Cohen Cassianne , Crescenzi Rachelle , Madhur Meena S. , Harrison David G. , Ikizler Talat Alp 
Published: April 2022

Background

Sodium (Na
+
) stored in skin and muscle tissue is associated with essential hypertension. Sodium magnetic resonance imaging is a validated method of quantifying tissue stores of Na
+
. In this study, we evaluated tissue Na
+
in patients with elevated blood pressure or stage I hypertension in response to diuretic therapy or low Na
+
diet.

Methods and Results

In a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial, patients with systolic blood pressure 120 to 139 mm Hg were randomized to low sodium diet (<2 g of sodium), chlorthalidone, spironolactone, or placebo for 8 weeks. Muscle and skin Na
+
using sodium magnetic resonance imaging and pulse wave velocity were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Ninety‐eight patients were enrolled to undergo baseline measurements and 54 completed randomization. Median baseline muscle and skin Na
+
in 98 patients were 16.4 mmol/L (14.9, 18.9) and 13.1 mmol/L (11.1, 16.1), respectively. After 8 weeks, muscle Na
+
increased in the diet and chlorthalidone arms compared with placebo. Skin sodium was decreased only in the diet arm compared with placebo. These associations remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and urinary sodium. No changes were observed in pulse wave velocity among the different groups when compared with placebo.

Conclusions
Diuretic therapy for 8 weeks did not decrease muscle or skin sodium or improve pulse wave velocity in patients with elevated blood pressure or stage I hypertension.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02236520.
Efficacy and Safety of Preoperative Radiotherapy Versus Chemoradiotherapy in Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yu Miao , Wang Deng-Chao , Li Sheng , Huang Li-Yan , Wei Jian 
Published: April 2022

Objective This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) combined with surgery and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) combined with surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched to collect published randomized controlled trials of preoperative radiotherapy or preoperative CRT combined with surgery for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality was evaluated; RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results In total, 7 related studies involving 3100 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were evaluated. The pathological complete response rate, negative lymph node rate, R0 resection rate, and incidence of grade III/IV adverse reactions were lower in the RT group than in the CRT group. In the absence of postoperative chemotherapy, the 5-year local recurrence rate of RT was higher than that of CRT, but there was no significant difference between the groups among those who underwent postoperative chemotherapy. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the 5-year survival rate, anal-preserving rate, or incidence of anastomotic leakage. Conclusion Preoperative CRT is better than preoperative RT for the treatment of advanced rectal cancer, though the adverse reaction rate is higher.
An Analysis of Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Hemopericardium Using Autopsy Data From a County Medical Examiner
Authors: Klutts Garrett , Kalkwarf Kyle , Meyer David , Yang Yijiong , Wolf Dwayne A. , Bhavaraju Avi , Margolick Joseph , Marino Katy , Robertson Ron , Drake Stacy A. 
Published: April 2022

The volume of hemopericardium requiring hemodynamic changes in the trauma patient is not well understood. We performed a study using autopsy data from trauma patients who died with hemopericardium (>20 mL). Of 1848 traumatic deaths, 54 had hemopericardium at autopsy. The median pericardial blood in this group was 150 mL, which is more than the previously assumed volume to be lethal in trauma patients. Therefore, it may be appropriate to redefine the estimated volume required to cause lethal hemopericardium in trauma patients.
Use of a Multi-Sensor Monitoring Device in an Early Post-operative Mobilization Program
Authors: Restrepo Alexis , Saha Amit K. , Khanna Ashish K. , Huang Emily , Clark Clancy J. 
Published: April 2022

Background The current study aimed to evaluate the validity and feasibility of using a multi-sensor device to monitor patient mobility in a large postoperative population. Methods In this IRB-approved study, postoperative patient posture was recorded using a multi-sensor monitoring device (ViSi Mobile®) and compared with direct observations of patient physical activity. Retrospective cohort analysis of postoperative patient posture data from January to December 2019 was then performed. Patterns of postoperative mobilization were evaluated. Results Multi-sensor real-time posture monitoring with the ViSi Mobile® system consistently differentiate between rest and upright posture (sensitivity and specificity, both 100%). During observation of ambulatory events, ViSi Mobile® system correctly recorded a patient’s position as upright at each validation time point in 72.7% (8 of 11) of walks. Clinical data from 562 postoperative patients were linked with posture monitoring data. Median duration of posture monitoring was 64 hours (IQR 52.5) and median number of posture positions recorded per patient was 15,370 (IQR 12,685). Median duration of upright position per day was 148.6 minutes (IQR 192.8). Duration in active upright position per day was not associated with risk of readmission ( P > .05). Conclusion Real-time posture data from a multi-sensor monitoring device (ViSi Mobile®) was shown to consistently differentiate rest and active upright position. This novel technology can provide useful insight into adherence and clinical benefit of early mobilization programs.
The Use of Caregivers’ Smartphones to Assist Infants’ Circadian Sleep–Wake Cycles
Authors: Tange Akiko , Hayashi Mitsuo 
Published: April 2022

Parents and caregivers lack knowledge regarding young children’s sleep routines due to an absence of general guidelines about sleep development, and this knowledge gap has been associated with infants’ sleep problems. Approximately 30% of infants develop sleep problems, including difficulty with falling asleep and night-waking. In this study, we sought to develop a new indicator of regularity in infants’ circadian sleep–wake patterns. Our participants were healthy Japanese mothers and their infants ( n = 172 infants; Mage = 4.9, SD = 3.5 months). Mothers used their smartphones to record the time when their infants fell asleep and woke up in their natural home environments over 7 days. We conducted least-squares spectrum analysis, a time-series analysis often used in chronobiology, to calculate the percentage variance (PVA) of the best-fitted cosine waves with a 24-hr periodicity in the infants’ sleep records. We found that the PVA of the 24-hr cycles in the infants’ sleep records were significantly correlated with the infants’ age in months ( r = 0.554, p < 0.001), variations in their waking-up ( r = −0.316, p < 0.001) and falling asleep times ( r = −0.430, p < 0.001), and sleep duration ( r = −0.343, p < 0.001). Apart from these normative data, which are of potential comparative use by other investigators, we showed in this study that PVA data can be collected by infants’ parents and caretakers through smartphones to provide parents an indicator of the regularity of an infant’s 24-hr periodicity.
Conversion of aquatic weed water-hyacinth to conducting and microwave shielding material-a scientific approach
Authors: Chandran Shine R , T B Anand , Krishnan Raji R , D Deepesh , K H Prema 
Published: April 2022

This work reports the fabrication of microwave absorbing hybrid composites of nickel ferrite (NF), poly aniline (PANI) and natural fibre extracted from water hyacinth (WHF). In-situ polymerisation method of aniline using ammonium peroxydisulphate is adopted for the synthesis of PANI, PANI-WHF and PANI-WHF-NF composites. The structural and morphological characterisations are done by XRD, FT-IR and scanning electron microscope analysis. Thermal stability of the samples is established with thermogravimetric analysis. Dc conductivity studies ensure the semiconducting nature of binary (PANI-WHF) as well as ternary (PANI-WHF-NF) composites. Microwave shielding effectiveness (SE) of the composites are studied in the frequency range of 6–8.5 GHz. Binary composites give lower SE, which further improves with the inclusion of NF to about 17 dB. The study establishes the conversion of WHF to conducting and microwave shielding material. The highlights of the work include the synthesis of PANI fibre ferrite composites through in-situ polymerization method, also addition of fibres increase the mechanical strength of the composites, the composites exhibit shielding effectiveness of 17 dB in the frequency range of 6–8.5 GHz and the composite material exhibit good conductivity in the range of 10 −1 Scm−1–10 −3 S cm −1.