bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Stable Single‐Atom Modified MXenes as Cathode‐Active Bifunctional Catalysts in Li–CO2 Battery
Authors: Shi Yu , Wei Bo , Legut Dominik , Du Shiyu , Francisco Joseph S. , Zhang Ruifeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe exploration of cathode catalysts with low overpotentials for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CRR) and carbon dioxide evolution reaction (CER) is essential for Li–CO2 batteries. MXenes have been suggested as potential candidates owing to their high electrical conductivity and effective CO2 activation performance. Herein, the stability and bifunctional CRR/CER catalytic activities of bare MXene (M2C), oxygen‐functionalized MXene (M2CO2), and single‐atom (SA) modified M2CO2 are systemically investigated. Among bare MXenes, Mo2C exhibits the best catalytic activity, comparable to that of carbon nanotubes, whereas oxygen‐functionalized MXene has poor activity. Notably, introducing an SA on the surface of oxygen‐functionalized MXene decreases the overpotential by 12.2%–68.1%, which can even outperform graphene catalysts, suggesting their potential as bifunctional cathode catalysts in Li–CO2 batteries. This high activity is appropriate reactivity in origin, as highlighted by the volcano‐type relationship between the Gibbs free energy and the overpotential for key steps. The descriptor ξ, which is related to adsorption behavior, is effective in determining bifunctional catalytic activity, which depends on the ability of SA electrons to fill antibonding orbitals and SA–oxygen/carbon bonding. This study not only identifies promising MXene‐based bifunctional CRR/CER catalysts but also provides a rational design rule for SA modified catalysts.
Mussel Byssus Inspired Ionic Skin with Damage‐Resistant Signal for Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Song Huaiyu , Lu Zekang , Zeng Qing , Wang Qinghao , Ma Cheng , Jin Hongjun , Qi Jinwan , Wu Tongyue , Gao Shuitao , Zhu Mingning , Lu Dongdong , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReliable human–machine interactions rely highly on a material that can provide stable real‐time conductivity in the presence of unexpected damage. The closest step toward this goal is to create various self‐healing materials, but the performance of the material will inevitably be interrupted during the process of healing. Herein, it is reported that damage‐resistant conductivity of a skin‐like polyelectrolyte film electrode can be achieved by creating hierarchical pores in analogy to those in mussel byssus. The hierarchical porous structure in mussel byssus is well‐known to expel water quickly from the rock surface, but its role in recovering the ionic conductivity has been overlooked. It is shown that the ionic conductivity in the porous film remains stable as long as a small part of the film is still in contacting, owing to the fast ion transportation in the hierarchical pores. As such, the real‐time conductivity does not change even if the skin‐like film is cut with a knife or pieced with a needle during work. It is envisioned that the current damage‐resistant ionic electrode wants to open a new vista in the design of soft conductive devices for reliable human–machine interactions.
Voltage Signals Caused by Surface Acoustic Wave Driven Ferromagnetic Resonance Under Out‐of‐Plane External Fields
Authors: Hwang Yunyoung , Puebla Jorge , Kondou Kouta , Otani Yoshichika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnder an external magnetic field, surface acoustic waves (SAWs) propagating onto a ferromagnetic thin film can excite ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The magnetization precessional motion in resonance pumps spin current into the Rashba interface across an adjacent non‐magnetic layer, which can be converted to charge current via the inverse Edelstein effect (IEE). Here, the SAW‐driven FMR and the IEE voltage signals under in‐ and out‐of‐plane external magnetic fields are reported. When the external magnetic field has only an in‐plane component, the SAW‐driven FMR for positive and negative resonant fields have the same sign (even), while the spin‐conversion due to IEE results in voltage signals with opposite signs for positive and negative fields (odd). However, when the out‐of‐plane component of the external magnetic field increases, the acoustic ferromagnetic resonance signal remains even. In contrast, the IEE voltage signal exhibits a sum of even and odd signal contributions. It is discussed that the appearance of the even contribution to the voltage signal does not correspond to well‐known spin rectification mechanisms. The result may constitute a novel resonant spin rectification mechanism under SAW excitations.
Perpendicularly Magnetized MnxGa‐Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions: Materials, Mechanisms, Performances, and Potential Applications
Authors: Zhao Xupeng , Zhao Jianhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) exhibit a great profusion of unique functional properties, such as nonvolatility, scalability, high endurance, and low power consumption. For this reason, they have been widely investigated in spin‐based logic and memory devices. Compared with conventional in‐plane MTJs, perpendicular MTJs (pMTJs) enable lower critical switching current and higher integration density. So far, CoFeB/MgO structures with interface‐induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are the most common ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes in pMTJs, whereas their relatively weak interfacial PMA restricts further development of device nodes. In the past decade, perpendicularly magnetized MnxGa binary alloys, including FM L10‐MnGa and ferrimagnetic D022‐Mn3Ga, have drawn intense attention for serving as a promising magnetic electrode in various MTJ stacking structures because of their large PMA, high spin polarization, and small magnetic damping constant. From an application perspective, MTJs with ultrathin MnxGa electrode show merits in developing high‐density magnetic memory, high‐frequency spin‐torque oscillators, and tunneling magnetoresistance effect‐based high‐field sensors. Herein, the aim is to provide a comprehensive review of recent progress in perpendicularly magnetized MnxGa‐based MTJs. The conclusions and future prospects are also given to inspire more in‐depth research and advance the practical applications.
Critical Role of Terminating Layer in Formation of 2DEG State at the LaInO3/BaSnO3 Interface
Authors: Kim Seonghyeon , Lippmaa Mikk , Lee Jaehyeok , Cho Hyeongmin , Kim Juhan , Kim Bongju , Char Kookrin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on the interface polarization model, the 2D electron gas (2DEG) at LaInO3(LIO)/BaSnO3(BSO) interfaces is understood to originate from a polarization discontinuity at the interface and the conduction band offset between LIO and BSO. In this scenario, the direction of polarization at the interface is determined by whether the first atomic LIO layer at the interface is LaO+ or InO2−. The role of the terminating layer is investigated at the LIO/BSO interface in creating the 2DEG. Based on conductance measurements of the in situ grown LIO/BSO heterostructures, it has been reported in this work that the 2DEG only forms when the BSO surface is terminated mainly with a SnO2 layer. The terminating layer is controlled by additional SnO2 deposition on the BSO surface. It has been shown that the as‐grown BSO surface has a mixed terminating layer of BaO and SnO2 while the BSO surfaces prepared with additional SnO2 deposition are terminated mainly with the SnO2 layer. The terminating layer is confirmed by coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy. The finding is consistent with the interface polarization model for 2DEG formation at LIO/BSO interfaces, in which the direction of the interfacial polarization in LIO is determined by the terminating layer of the BSO surface.
Self‐Powered 2D MoS2/WOx/WSe2 Heterojunction Photodetector Realized by Oxygen Plasma Treatment
Authors: Shin Hoseong , Taqi Muhammad , Ali Fida , Lee Sungwon , Choi Min Sup , Kim Cihyun , Lee Byoung‐Hun , Liu Xiaochi , Sun Jian , Oh Byungdu , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are anticipated to be the ones of future nano‐sized photodevices due to their electronic and optoelectronic properties. They have shown remarkable performances as photodetectors from being fabricated into heterostructures with p–n junction. An oxygen plasma‐doped WSe2/pristine MoS2‐based photodetector with high responsivity and broad detection spectrum ranging from visible to near‐infrared (NIR) region is reported. The oxygen plasma treatment forms a WOx layer on WSe2 that not only acts as a p‐dopant but also an interfacial oxide layer to suppress dark current to as low as ≈pA. Under illumination of visible light (520 nm in this study), greatly enhanced photoresponsivity and specific detectivity of thus fabricated devices are achieved without applying an external bias, in contrast to untreated devices. The devices have also exhibited good photodetection in the NIR region with two orders enhanced photoresponsivity under the illumination of 852 nm light at room temperature. It is confirmed from photomapping measurements that the photocurrent is mainly generated from p–n heterojunction. These results indicate that oxygen plasma‐doped WSe2‐based heterojunctions can be used as highly sensitive and self‐powered photodetectors.
Spray Pyrolyzed Amorphous InGaZnO for High Performance, Self‐Aligned Coplanar Thin‐Film Transistor Backplanes
Authors: Bae Jinbaek , Ali Arqum , Jang Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance, spray‐pyrolyzed amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) with self‐aligned (SA) coplanar structure is demonstrated. The spray‐pyrolyzed a‐IGZO film exhibits bubbles‐free smooth surface roughness (0.81 nm) and low oxygen‐related defects (22.5%). The fluorine‐doped a‐IGZO film shows a low resistivity of 1.18 × 10−3 Ω‐cm by NF3 plasma treatment. This is sufficient to obtain ohmic contact with the source/drain electrodes and doped IGZO in the offset region of the SA coplanar TFT. The spray‐pyrolyzed a‐IGZO TFT exhibits the field‐effect mobility (µFE) of 18.17 cm2 V−1 s−1, the threshold voltage (VTH) of −1.52 V, the subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.266 V dec−1, and a high on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) over 108 with a very low gate leakage current (<10−13 A). The hysteresis‐free and highly stable performances are achieved due to the excellent a‐IGZO channel and SiO2 gate insulator interface. A twenty‐three‐stage ring oscillator is demonstrated with SA coplanar TFTs, exhibiting a high oscillation frequency of 2.66 MHz and a low propagation delay of 8.17 ns/stage. Therefore, the spray‐pyrolyzed a‐IGZO film can be a promising metal oxide semiconductor for high‐performance TFTs backplane in large areas and high‐resolution display applications.
Schisandrin B Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Targeting MyD88 and Inhibiting MyD88‐Dependent Inflammation
Authors: Luo Wu , Lin Ke , Hua Junyi , Han Jibo , Zhang Qiuyan , Chen Lingfeng , Khan Zia A. , Wu Gaojun , Wang Yi , Liang Guang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiabetes manifests as chronic inflammation and leads to the development diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Targeting key proteins in inflammatory signaling may provide new therapy for DCM. In this study, the authors explore the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Schisandrin B (Sch B), a natural compound with anti‐inflammatory activity against DCM. It is shown that Sch B prevents high‐level glucose (HG)‐induced hypertrophic and fibrotic responses in cultured cardiomyocytes. RNA sequencing and inflammatory qPCR microarray show that Sch B mainly affects myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)‐dependent inflammatory gene expression in HG‐challenged cardiomyocytes. Further studies indicate that Sch B directly binds to and inhibits MyD88 activation, but does not alter MyD88‐independent Toll‐like receptor signaling in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting or silencing MyD88 is associated with reduced levels of HG‐induced inflammatory cytokines and myocardial injuries in vitro. Treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice with Sch B protects heart function, reduces myocardial injuries, and decreases secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Cardiomyocyte‐specific MyD88 knockout also protects mice against cardiac inflammation and injury in type 1 diabetic mice. In conclusion, these studies show that cardiomyocyte MyD88 plays an apathogenetic role in DCM and Sch B specifically targets MyD88 to reduce inflammatory DCM.
Portable Cold Atmospheric Plasma Patch‐Mediated Skin Anti‐Inflammatory Therapy
Authors: Kim Namkyung , Lee Seunghun , Lee Soyoung , Kang Jinjoo , Choi Young‐Ae , Park Jeongsu , Park Chul‐Kyu , Khang Dongwoo , Kim Sang‐Hyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough plasma is a promising technology in various fields, its clinical application is restricted by several limitations. A cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) patch is fabricated to help overcome hurdles, especially when treating skin diseases. This patch has surface dielectric barrier discharge, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on a flexible polymer film surface on which the embedded electrode induces a locally strong electric field. The effect of the CAP patch on psoriasis is also evaluated. The distinct characteristics of psoriasis between the lesion and non‐lesion area allow the CAP patch to be suitable for only lesion area for its treatment. The CAP patch induces the opening of calcium channels in keratinocytes, thereby restoring abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and the collapse of the tight junction; thus, alleviating psoriatic symptoms. In addition, the favorable effect is due to the induction of ROS/RNS by the CAP patch, not the electric field generated during plasma generation. The findings indicate that the proposed portable CAP patch can help treat inflammatory skin disorders, especially psoriasis. As this can be used easily as a combination therapy with existing drugs, it may help reduce side effects caused by existing drugs.
Materials Genomics Search for Possible Helium‐Absorbing Nano‐Phases in Fusion Structural Materials
Authors: Xu Haowei , Kim So Yeon , Chen Di , Monchoux Jean‐Phillippe , Voisin Thomas , Sun Cheng , Li Ju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCivilian fusion demands structural materials that can withstand the harsh environments imposed inside fusion plasma reactors. The structural materials often transmute under 14.1 MeV fast neutrons, producing helium (He), which embrittles the grain boundary (GB) network. Here, it is shown that neutron‐friendly and mechanically strong nano‐phases with atomic‐scale free volume can have low He‐embedding energy and >10 at.% He‐absorbing capacity, and can be especially advantageous for soaking up He on top of resisting radiation damage and creep, provided they have thermodynamic compatibility with the matrix phase, satisfactory equilibrium wetting angle, as well as a high enough melting point. The preliminary experimental demonstration proves that is a good ab initio predictor of He shielding potency in nano‐heterophase materials, and thus, is used as a key feature for computational screening. In this context, a list of viable compounds expected to be good He‐absorbing nano‐phases is presented, taking into account , the neutron absorption and activation cross‐sections, the elastic moduli, melting temperature, the thermodynamic compatibility, and the equilbrium wetting angle of the nano‐phases with the Fe matrix as an example.
Diamagnetic Composites for High‐Q Levitating Resonators
Authors: Chen Xianfeng , Ammu Satya K. , Masania Kunal , Steeneken Peter G. , Alijani Farbod 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLevitation offers extreme isolation of mechanical systems from their environment, while enabling unconstrained high‐precision translation and rotation of objects. Diamagnetic levitation is one of the most attractive levitation schemes because it allows stable levitation at room temperature without the need for a continuous power supply. However, dissipation by eddy currents in conventional diamagnetic materials significantly limits the application potential of diamagnetically levitating systems. Here, a route toward high‐Q macroscopic levitating resonators by substantially reducing eddy current damping using graphite particle based diamagnetic composites is presented. Resonators that feature quality factors Q above 450 000 and vibration lifetimes beyond one hour are demonstrated, while levitating above permanent magnets in high vacuum at room temperature. The composite resonators have a Q that is >400 times higher than that of diamagnetic graphite plates. By tuning the composite particle size and density, the dissipation reduction mechanism is investigated, and the Q of the levitating resonators is enhanced. Since their estimated acceleration noise is as low as some of the best superconducting levitating accelerometers at cryogenic temperatures, the high Q and large mass of the presented composite resonators positions them as one of the most promising technologies for next generation ultra‐sensitive room temperature accelerometers.
Permeability‐Engineered Compartmentalization Enables In Vitro Reconstitution of Sustained Synthetic Biology Systems
Authors: Li Luyao , Zhang Rong , Chen Long , Tian Xintong , Li Ting , Pu Bingchun , Ma Conghui , Ji Xiangyang , Ba Fang , Xiong Chenwei , Shi Yunfeng , Mi Xianqiang , Li Jian , Keasling Jay D. , Zhang Jingwei , Liu Yifan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn nature, biological compartments such as cells rely on dynamically controlled permeability for matter exchange and complex cellular activities. Likewise, the ability to engineer compartment permeability is crucial for in vitro systems to gain sustainability, robustness, and complexity. However, rendering in vitro compartments such a capability is challenging. Here, a facile strategy is presented to build permeability‐configurable compartments, and marked advantages of such compartmentalization are shown in reconstituting sustained synthetic biology systems in vitro. Through microfluidics, the strategy produces micrometer‐sized layered microgels whose shell layer serves as a sieving structure for biomolecules and particles. In this configuration, the transport of DNAs, proteins, and bacteriophages across the compartments can be controlled an guided by a physical model. Through permeability engineering, a compartmentalized cell‐free protein synthesis system sustains multicycle protein production; ≈100 000 compartments are repeatedly used in a five‐cycle synthesis, featuring a yield of 2.2 mg mL−1. Further, the engineered bacteria‐enclosing compartments possess near‐perfect phage resistance and enhanced environmental fitness. In a complex river silt environment, compartmentalized whole‐cell biosensors show maintained activity throughout the 32 h pollutant monitoring. It is anticipated that permeability‐engineered compartmentalization should pave the way for practical synthetic biology applications such as green bioproduction, environmental sensing, and bacteria‐based therapeutics.
Unveiling Local Electronic Structure of Lanthanide‐Doped Cs2NaInCl6 Double Perovskites for Realizing Efficient Near‐Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Han Siyuan , Tu Datao , Xie Zhi , Zhang Yunqin , Li Jiayao , Pei Yifan , Xu Jin , Gong Zhongliang , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLanthanide ion (Ln3+)‐doped halide double perovskites (DPs) have evoked tremendous interest due to their unique optical properties. However, Ln3+ ions in these DPs still suffer from weak emissions due to their parity‐forbidden 4f–4f electronic transitions. Herein, the local electronic structure of Ln3+‐doped Cs2NaInCl6 DPs is unveiled. Benefiting from the localized electrons of [YbCl6]3− octahedron in Cs2NaInCl6 DPs, an efficient strategy of Cl−‐Yb3+ charge transfer sensitization is proposed to obtain intense near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence of Ln3+. NIR photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) up to 39.4% of Yb3+ in Cs2NaInCl6 is achieved, which is more than three orders of magnitude higher than that (0.1%) in the well‐established Cs2AgInCl6 via conventional self‐trapped excitons sensitization. Density functional theory calculation and Bader charge analysis indicate that the [YbCl6]3− octahedron is strongly localized in Cs2NaInCl6:Yb3+, which facilitates the Cl−‐Yb3+ charge transfer process. The Cl−‐Yb3+ charge transfer sensitization mechanism in Cs2NaInCl6:Yb3+ is further verified by temperature‐dependent steady‐state and transient PL spectra. Furthermore, efficient NIR emission of Er3+ with the NIR PLQY of 7.9% via the Cl−‐Yb3+ charge transfer sensitization is realized. These findings provide fundamental insights into the optical manipulation of Ln3+‐doped halide DPs, thus laying a foundation for the future design of efficient NIR‐emitting DPs.
Cation Defect Engineering of Transition Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yan Dafeng , Xia Chenfeng , Zhang Wenjing , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin , Xia Bao Yu , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rational design and development of highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is vital for the application of renewable energy devices. Recently, the strategy of defect engineering draws much attention due to its positive effect on regulating the electronic structure, and thus, promoting the electrocatalytic performance of various materials. In this review, the main focus is on the cation vacancy defects of transition metal‐based electrocatalysts; the latest progress in cation vacancy defect engineering for the electrocatalytic OER is summarized. The different effects of cation vacancy defects on OER are well discussed together with the reaction mechanism, mainly including improving the conductivity, optimizing the adsorption of key intermediates, guiding the surface reconstruction to form active species, and enhancing the long‐term stability. Then, methods to construct cation vacancy defects on different electrocatalysts and the characterization of cation vacancies are systematically introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and future prospects of cation vacancy defect engineering for promoting OER performance are further proposed.
Synthesis of Sumanene‐fused Acenes
Authors: Nakazawa Hironobu , Ohya Akinobu , Morimoto Yuto , Uetake Yuta , Ikuma Naohiko , Okada Kenji , Nakano Masayoshi , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSumanene derivatives fused by quinones and acenes were synthesized through Friedel‐Crafts double acylation, followed by reductive aromatization. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis on synthesized quinone and acene derivatives revealed the one‐dimensional (1D) columnar stackings predominated by the concave‐convex alignment from sumanene moiety. The thus‐prepared sumanene‐fused acenes exhibited higher solubility to organic solvent and significant stability against aerobic oxidation than the pristine acenes.