bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mancipatio
Authors: Banfi Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The
mancipatio
is an extremely ancient act of Roman law. Originally a sale, once minted coin became the normal currency, the
mancipatio
became a formal act needed to transfer the ownership of goods belonging to the category of
res mancipi
between Roman citizens. It was also used by Roman jurisprudence as a basis on which to build new legal acts serving different purposes.
Tuning Spin‐Orbit Torques Across the Phase Transition in VO2/NiFe Heterostructure
Authors: Kim Jun‐young , Cramer Joel , Lee Kyujoon , Han Dong‐Soo , Go Dongwook , Salev Pavel , Lapa Pavel N. , Vargas Nicolas M. , Schuller Ivan K. , Mokrousov Yuriy , Jakob Gerhard , Kläui Mathias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of spin‐orbit torques as a promising approach to energy‐efficient magnetic switching has generated large interest in material systems with easily and fully tunable spin‐orbit torques. Here, current‐induced spin‐orbit torques in VO2/NiFe heterostructures are investigated using spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance, where the VO2 layer undergoes a prominent insulator‐metal transition. A roughly twofold increase in the Gilbert damping parameter, α, with temperature is attributed to the change in the VO2/NiFe interface spin absorption across the VO2 phase transition. More remarkably, a large modulation (±100%) and a sign change of the current‐induced spin‐orbit torque across the VO2 phase transition suggest two competing spin‐orbit torque generating mechanisms. The bulk spin Hall effect in metallic VO2, corroborated by the first‐principles calculation of the spin Hall conductivity , is verified as the main source of the spin‐orbit torque in the metallic phase. The self‐induced/anomalous torque in NiFe, with opposite sign and a similar magnitude to the bulk spin Hall effect in metallic VO2, can be the other competing mechanism that dominates as temperature decreases. For applications, the strong tunability of the torque strength and direction opens a new route to tailor spin‐orbit torques of materials that undergo phase transitions for new device functionalities.
The Emerging Electrochemical Activation Tactic for Aqueous Energy Storage: Fundamentals, Applications, and Future
Authors: Peng Jian , Zhang Wang , Wang Shun , Huang Yang , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe exploration of facile, low‐cost, and universal synthetic strategies for high‐performance aqueous energy storage is extremely urgent. The electrochemical activation tactic is an emerging synthetic technique that can turn inert or weakly active substances into highly active materials for aqueous energy storage via in situ or ex situ electrochemical treatment, which is receiving increasing attention due to its advantages of facile operation, variable control, high efficiency, flexibility, and wide applicability. This review first discusses the definition and general implementing methods of the electrochemical activation tactic, as well as the fundamental activation mechanisms, and then summarizes its applications in various aqueous systems, including rechargeable batteries and electrochemical capacitors with different charge carriers. The remaining challenges, potential solutions, and further perspectives are discussed finally. It is believed that this review will provide a timely summary and new inspiration for cutting‐edge research on advanced aqueous energy storage devices.
Tunable Microgel‐Templated Porogel (MTP) Bioink for 3D Bioprinting Applications
Authors: Ouyang Liliang , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Tang Jiaqing , Guo Yuzhi , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicropores are essential for tissue engineering to ensure adequate mass transportation for embedded cells. Despite the considerable progress made by advanced 3D bioprinting technologies, it remains challenging to engineer micropores of 100 µm or smaller in cell‐laden constructs. Here, a microgel‐templated porogel (MTP) bioink platform is reported to introduce controlled microporosity in 3D bioprinted hydrogels in the presence of living cells. Templated gelatin microgels are fabricated with varied sizes (≈10, ≈45, and ≈100 µm) and mixed with photo‐crosslinkable formulations to make composite MTP bioinks. The addition of microgels significantly enhances the shear‐thinning and self‐healing viscoelastic properties and thus the printability of bioinks with cell densities up to 1 × 108 mL−1 in matrix. Consistent printability is achieved for a series of MTP bioinks based on different component ratios and matrix materials. After photo‐crosslinking the matrix phase, the templated microgels dissociated and diffused under physiological conditions, resulting in corresponding micropores in situ. When embedding osteoblast‐like cells in the matrix phase, the MTP bioinks support higher metabolic activity and more uniform mineral formation than bulk gel controls. The approach provides a facile strategy to engineer precise micropores in 3D printed structures to compensate for the limited resolution of current bioprinting approaches.
A Facile “Double‐Catalysts” Approach to Directionally Fabricate Pyridinic NB‐Pair‐Doped Crystal Graphene Nanoribbons/Amorphous Carbon Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Fan Mengmeng , Yuan Qixin , Zhao Yuying , Wang Zeming , Wang Ao , Liu Yanyan , Sun Kang , Wu Jingjie , Wang Liang , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbon material is a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Doping of heteroatoms, the most widely used modulating strategy, has attracted many efforts in the past decade. Despite all this, the catalytic activity of heteroatoms‐modulated carbon is hard to compare to that of metal‐based electrocatalysts. Here, a “double‐catalysts” (Fe salt, H3BO3) strategy is presented to directionally fabricate porous structure of crystal graphene nanoribbons (GNs)/amorphous carbon doped by pyridinic NB pairs. The porous structure and GNs accelerate ion/mass and electron transport, respectively. The N percentage in pyridinic NB pairs accounts for ≈80% of all N species. The pyridinic NB pair drives the ORR via an almost 4e− transfer pathway with a half‐wave potential (0.812 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and onset potential (0.876 V vs RHE) in the alkaline solution. The ORR catalytic performance of the as‐prepared carbon catalysts approximates commercial Pt/C and outperforms most prior carbon‐based catalysts. The assembled Zn–air battery exhibits a high peak power density of 94 mW cm−2. Density functional theory simulation reveals that the pyridinic NB pair possesses the highest catalytic activity among all the potential configurations, due to the highest charge density at C active sites neighboring B, which enhances the interaction strength with the intermediates in the p‐band center.
Skyrmion Stabilization at the Domain Morphology Transition in Ferromagnet/Heavy Metal Heterostructures with Low Exchange Stiffness
Authors: Brock Jeffrey A. , Fullerton Eric E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, the experimental observation of micrometer‐scale magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in several Pt/Co‐based thin film heterostructures designed to possess low exchange stiffness, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and a modest interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI) is reported. It is found both experimentally and by micromagnetic and analytic modeling that a low exchange stiffness and modest iDMI eliminates the energetic penalty associated with forming domain walls in thin films. When the domain wall energy density approaches negative values, the remanent morphology transitions from a uniform state to labyrinthine stripes. A low exchange stiffness, indicated by a sub‐400 K Curie temperature, is achieved in Pt/Co, Pt/Co/Ni, and Pt/Co/Ni/Re structures by reducing the Co thickness to the ultrathin limit (<0.3 nm). Similar effects occur in thicker Pt/Co/NixCu1−x structures when the Ni layer is alloyed with Cu. At this transition in domain morphology, skyrmion phases are stabilized by small (<1 mT), perpendicular magnetic fields, and skyrmion motion in response to spin–orbit torque is observed. While the temperature and thickness‐induced morphological phase transitions observed are similar to the well‐studied spin reorientation transition that occurs in the ultrathin limit, the underlying energy balances are substantially modified by the presence of an iDMI.
3D Porous Graphene Films with Large‐Area In‐Plane Exterior Skins
Authors: Tay Roland Yingjie , Li Hongling , Ng Zhi Kai , Tsang Siu Hon , Gao Wei , Teo Edwin Hang Tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConstruction of macroscopic 3D architectures of graphene is crucial to harness the advantageous properties of planar 2D graphene and to enable integration to many conventional and novel applications. Ideally, the 3D structure of graphene should be free of defects, covalently interconnected, and can be produced at large‐scale. Among various assembly techniques, fabrication using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enables the production of high‐quality graphene where selection of template is the key that determines its consequent crystalline quality and structural morphology. Herein, a new method is presented to synthesize high‐quality porous graphene film by incorporating an in situ reduction–oxidation cycling treatment to generate micrometer‐sized pores on commercial Ni foil using an all‐CVD process route. Owing to the unique morphological features of the modified Ni template, the graphene film exhibits a holey surface with large‐area exterior skin coverage of >94% and many interconnected ligaments within its porous interior. This extraordinary configuration gives rise to superior in‐plane electrical conductivity despite its low density. In comparison to state‐of‐the‐art materials for electromagnetic interference shielding, this porous graphene film is among the best performing materials with a specific shielding effectiveness of >550 dB cm3 g−1 and absolute effectiveness of >220 000 dB cm2 g−1.
High‐Capacitance Nanoporous Noble Metal Thin Films via Reduction of Sputtered Metal Oxides
Authors: Gryszel Maciej , Jakešová Marie , Lednický Tomáš , Głowacki Eric Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasing the electrochemical surface area of noble metal electrodes is vital for many applications, including catalysis and bioelectronics. Herein, a method is presented for obtaining porous noble metal thin films via reactive magnetron sputtering of noble metal oxides, MOx, followed by their reduction using chemical reducers or electrochemical current. Variation of reduction conditions yields a range of different electrochemical and morphological properties. This method for obtaining porous noble metals is rapid, facile, and compatible with microfabrication processes. The resulting metallic films are porous and have competitively high capacitance and low impedance.
A Simple and Robust Method to Prepare Polyelectrolyte Brushes on Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Schulze Maiko , Adigüzel Seyma , Nickl Philip , Schmitt Ann‐Cathrin , Dernedde Jens , Ballauff Matthias , Haag Rainer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA simple and robust method is presented to immobilize a heparin‐analog polyelectrolyte on inert hydrophobic surfaces. It is demonstrated that an amphiphilic block copolymer consisting of linear polyglycerol sulfate (lPGS) and a benzophenone modified anchor block can be bound to polystyrene surfaces in a facile dip‐coating procedure. The chaotropic salt guanidinium chloride is used to overcome the aggregation of the polymer as well as the repulsion between highly hydrated sulfate groups and the polystyrene surface. Irradiation with UV light tethers the polymer chains covalently to the surface. The resulting coating exhibits an aggregate morphology that resembles the aggregation behavior in solution, with a coating thickness of 8 nm. The behavior of the surfaces is dominated by the polyelectrolyte brush coating. They swell and collapse in response to different ionic strengths of the surrounding medium, and bind proteins via electrostatic interactions. The coating is stable toward physiological conditions over the course of several weeks. Coated surfaces bind to proteins of the complement cascade when in contact with dilute blood serum, which results in a decrease of complement activity to 78 ± 4%. The coating procedure can also be applied to other nonactivated polymer surfaces, as demonstrated on a polypropylene fleece.
Virtual Infrared Display on Flexible and Transparent Substrate
Authors: Yang Jonguk , Kang Youngsoo , Jeong Sang‐Mi , Seo Keumyoung , Lim Taekyung , Ju Sanghyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigates a method of implementing virtual IR images, similar to the IR images of actual objects, on a transparent and flexible substrate. Virtual IR images/videos can be implemented by irradiating the near‐infrared‐to‐long‐wave IR (NIR‐to‐LWIR) conversion film that can emit LWIR after absorbing NIR and quickly converting it to heat energy. Furthermore, IR images/videos that have shapes and colors similar to actual objects can be formed by adjusting the intensity of the LWIR emitted from the NIR‐to‐LWIR conversion film. This IR image implementation technology is expected to be applicable to advanced camouflage technology—technology that can hide objects or cause them to be perceived as different objects—as well as the implementation of a virtual IR environment that can be used to verify the performance of IR cameras and IR search and tracking systems for artificial intelligence robots, autonomous vehicles, and combat equipment.
Colorectal Cancer‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Tumor Immune Evasion by Upregulating PD‐L1 Expression in Tumor‐Associated Macrophages
Authors: Yin Yuan , Liu Bingxin , Cao Yulin , Yao Surui , Liu Yuhang , Jin Guoying , Qin Yan , Chen Ying , Cui Kaisa , Zhou Leyuan , Bian Zehua , Fei Bojian , Huang Shenglin , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant cell types in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies observed complicated “cross‐talks” between cancer cells and macrophages in TME. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly elucidated. Here, PD‐L1 levels are very low in CRC cells but highly abundant in TAMs, and a specific PD‐L1+CD206+ macrophage subpopulation are identified, which is induced by tumor cells and associated with a poor prognosis. Mechanistic investigations reveal that CRC cells can secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) taken up by macrophages that induce M2 like polarization and PD‐L1 expression, resulting in increased PD‐L1+CD206+ macrophage abundance and decreased T cell activity in CRC TME. sEV‐derived miR‐21‐5p and miR‐200a are identified as key signaling molecules mediating the regulatory effects of CRC on macrophages. Further studies reveal that CRC‐derived miR‐21‐5p and miR‐200a synergistically induces macrophage M2 like polarization and PD‐L1 expression by regulating the PTEN/AKT and SCOS1/STAT1 pathways, resulting in decreased CD8+ T cell activity and increased tumor growth. This study suggests that inhibiting the secretion of specific sEV‐miRNAs from CRC and targeting PD‐L1 in TAMs may serve as novel methods for CRC treatment as well as a sensitization method for anti‐PD‐L1 therapy in CRC.
Atomistic Engineering of Phonons in Functional Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Jeong Seung Gyo , Seo Ambrose , Choi Woo Seok 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEngineering of phonons, that is, collective lattice vibrations in crystals, is essential for manipulating physical properties of materials such as thermal transport, electron‐phonon interaction, confinement of lattice vibration, and optical polarization. Most approaches to phonon‐engineering have been largely limited to the high‐quality heterostructures of III–V compound semiconductors. Yet, artificial engineering of phonons in a variety of materials with functional properties, such as complex oxides, will yield unprecedented applications of coherent tunable phonons in future quantum acoustic devices. In this study, artificial engineering of phonons in the atomic‐scale SrRuO3/SrTiO3 superlattices is demonstrated, wherein tunable phonon modes are observed via confocal Raman spectroscopy. In particular, the coherent superlattices led to the backfolding of acoustic phonon dispersion, resulting in zone‐folded acoustic phonons in the THz frequency domain. The frequencies can be largely tuned from 1 to 2 THz via atomic‐scale precision thickness control. In addition, a polar optical phonon originating from the local inversion symmetry breaking in the artificial oxide superlattices is observed, exhibiting emergent functionality. The approach of atomic‐scale heterostructuring of complex oxides will vastly expand material systems for quantum acoustic devices, especially with the viability of functionality integration.
Sustaining Robust Cavities with Slippery Liquid–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Zhu Suwan , Wu Tao , Bian Yucheng , Chen Chao , Zhang Yiyuan , Li Jiawen , Wu Dong , Hu Yanlei , Chu Jiaru , Li Erqiang , Wang Zuankai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe formation of a stable gas cavity on the surfaces of solid bodies is essential for many practical applications, such as drag reduction and energy savings, owing to the transformation of the originally sticky solid–liquid interface into a free‐slip liquid–vapor interface by the creation of either liquid repellency or a Leidenfrost state on the surfaces. Here, it is shown that the simple infusion of a textured sphere with a smooth, slippery liquid layer can more easily create and sustain a stable gas cavity in a liquid at lower impact velocities compared to a dry solid sphere with the same contact angle. With a key parameter of curvature ratio, the early lamella dynamics during water entry of spheres and drops impact on planes are first unified. With the perspective of wetting transition, the unforeseen phenomenon of prone to cavity formation are successfully explained, which is the preferential lamella detachment from a slippery surface due to the higher viscosity of the lubricant relative to air. It is envisioned that the findings will provide an important and fundamental contribution to the quest for energy‐efficient transport.
Boosting the Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission in Alloyed Cs2(Ag/Na)InCl6 Double Perovskite via Cu+ Doping
Authors: Cheng Xingwen , Xie Zhi , Zheng Wei , Li Renfu , Deng Zhonghua , Tu Datao , Shang Xiaoying , Xu Jin , Gong Zhongliang , Li Xingjun , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFundamental understanding of the effect of doping on the optical properties of 3D double perovskites (DPs) especially the dynamics of self‐trapped excitons (STEs) is of vital importance for their optoelectronic applications. Herein, a unique strategy via Cu+ doping to achieve efficient STE emission in the alloyed lead‐free Cs2(Ag/Na)InCl6 DPs is reported. A small amount (1.0 mol%) of Cu+ doping results in boosted STE emission in the crystals, with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield increasing from 19.0% to 62.6% and excitation band shifting from 310 to 365 nm. Temperature‐dependent PL and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies reveal that the remarkable PL enhancement originates from the increased radiative recombination rate and density of STEs, as a result of symmetry breakdown of the STE wavefunction at the octahedral Ag+ site. These findings provide deep insights into the STE dynamics in Cu+‐doped Cs2(Ag/Na)InCl6, thereby laying a foundation for the future design of new lead‐free DPs with efficient STE emission.
Single‐Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals that Decorin Expression in the Amygdala Regulates Perineuronal Nets Expression and Fear Conditioning Response after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shi Yingwu , Wu Xun , Zhou Jinpeng , Cui Wenxing , Wang Jin , Hu Qing , Zhang Shenghao , Han Liying , Zhou Meixuan , Luo Jianing , Wang Qiang , Liu Haixiao , Feng Dayun , Ge Shunnan , Qu Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Augmented fear is a defining characteristic of PTSD, and the amygdala is considered the main brain region to process fear. The mechanism by which the amygdala is involved in fear conditioning after TBI is still unclear. Using single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq), transcriptional changes in cells in the amygdala after TBI are investigated. In total, 72 328 nuclei are obtained from the sham and TBI groups. 7 cell types, and analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reveals widespread transcriptional changes in each cell type after TBI are identified. In in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that Decorin (Dcn) expression in the excitatory neurons of the amygdala significantly increased after TBI, and Dcn knockout in the amygdala mitigates TBI‐associated fear conditioning. Of note, this effect is caused by a Dcn‐mediated decrease in the expression of perineuronal nets (PNNs), which affect the glutamate‐γ‐aminobutyric acid balance in the amygdala. Finally, the results suggest that Dcn functions by interacting with collagen VI α3 (Col6a3). Consequently, the findings reveal transcriptional changes in different cell types of the amygdala after TBI and provide direct evidence that Dcn relieves fear conditioning by regulating PNNs.
cAMP‐Induced Nuclear Condensation of CRTC2 Promotes Transcription Elongation and Cystogenesis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mi Zeyun , Song Yandong , Wang Jiuchen , Liu Zhiheng , Cao Xinyi , Dang Lin , Lu Yumei , Sun Yongzhan , Xiong Hui , Zhang Lirong , Chen Yupeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFormation of biomolecular condensates by phase separation has recently emerged as a new principle for regulating gene expression in response to extracellular signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the coupling of signal transduction and gene activation through condensate formation, and how dysregulation of these mechanisms contributes to disease progression, remain elusive. Here, the authors report that CREB‐regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) translocates to the nucleus and forms phase‐separated condensates upon activation of cAMP signaling. They show that intranuclear CRTC2 interacts with positive transcription elongation factor b (P‐TEFb) and activates P‐TEFb by disrupting the inhibitory 7SK snRNP complex. Aberrantly elevated cAMP signaling plays central roles in the development of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). They find that CRTC2 localizes to the nucleus and forms condensates in cystic epithelial cells of both mouse and human ADPKD kidneys. Genetic depletion of CRTC2 suppresses cyst growth in an orthologous ADPKD mouse model. Using integrative transcriptomic and cistromic analyses, they identify CRTC2‐regulated cystogenesis‐associated genes, whose activation depends on CRTC2 condensate‐facilitated P‐TEFb recruitment and the release of paused RNA polymerase II. Together, their findings elucidate a mechanism by which CRTC2 nuclear condensation conveys cAMP signaling to transcription elongation activation and thereby promotes cystogenesis in ADPKD.