bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Prenatal Sexually Transmitted Infections among a Diverse Population of Foreign-Born and US-Born Women
Authors: Noah Akaninyene , Hill Ashley V. , Perez-Patron Maria J. , Berenson Abbey B. , Comeaux Camilla R. , Taylor Brandie D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examined association between foreign-born (FB) status and a sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or syphilis among a cohort of expecting mothers, and stratified by race/ethnicity. As a secondary analysis, subsequent adverse birth outcomes following STIs were examined. We used data from a large perinatal database to conduct a retrospective cohort study of 37,211 singleton births. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between FB status and STIs. We adjusted for maternal demographics, prior complications, and chronic disease. As a secondary analysis, we examined the association between STIs, and adverse birth outcomes stratified by FB status. FB women had lower odds of STI diagnosis (ORadj 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.93); this was observed for each STI. Among Hispanic women, FB status did not reduce odds of STIs (ORadj 0.89, 95% CI 0.76–1.04). However, FB Black women had reduced odds of STIs (ORadj 0.53, 95% CI 0.36–0.79). Secondary analyses revealed that STIs increased odds of adverse birth outcomes among US-born Black women but not US-born Hispanic women. Among FB Black women, STIs increased odds of medically indicated preterm birth (ORadj 3.77, 95% CI 1.19–12.00) and preeclampsia (ORadj 2.35, 95% CI 1.02–5.42). This was not observed among FB Hispanic women. Previous studies suggest that FB women are less likely to have adverse birth outcomes; our study extends this observation to risk of prenatal STIs. However, FB status does not protect Black women against adverse birth outcomes following an STI.
The abortion debate in American Christianity: church authority structures, denominational responses, and the stances of the affiliated
Authors: Bohrer Bryan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith religion serving an important role in shaping individuals’ stances on moral issues, the question of how religion impacts major social and political issues is of undeniable consequence. This paper explores both the response of Christian denominations in the USA to the evolving social dialog on abortion and the stances of affiliated members in relation to those denominational stances. For the first aspect, the organizational and authority structures of the denominations in question were examined to see if they play a role in how denominations responded to this social issue. For the second aspect, General Social Survey data were used to examine the general stances on abortion of the religiously affiliated belonging to specific polities over the past half-century. Polities were selected due to their similar organizational structures, as this granted insight into possible organizational influence at the individual level. This research highlights both the dissimilarities between similarly structured religious organizations and the general mindsets of the congregations on abortion as well as how the varying organizational structures in question exhibit inherent differences between one another yet have relative stability in their positions on abortion over time.
Agency and subjective health from early adulthood to mid-life: evidence from the prospective Youth Development Study
Authors: Mortimer Jeylan T. , Staff Jeremy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the determinants of subjective or self-rated health (SRH) is of central importance because SRH is a significant correlate of actual health as well as mortality. A large body of research has examined the correlates, antecedents, or presumed determinants of SRH, usually measured at a given time or endpoint. In the present study, we investigate whether individual mastery, a prominent indicator of agency, has a positive effect on SRH over a broad span of the life course. Drawing on longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study (n = 741), we examine the impacts of mastery on SRH over a 24-year period (from ages 21–22 to 45–46). The findings of a fixed effects analysis, controlling time-varying educational attainment, unemployment, age, obesity, serious health diagnoses, and time-constant individual differences, lead us to conclude that mastery is a stable predictor of SRH from early adulthood to mid-life. This study provides evidence that psychological resources influence individuals’ subjective assessment of their health, even when objective physical health variables and socioeconomic indicators are taken into account.
A review of microscopic cell imaging and neural network recognition for synergistic cyanobacteria identification and enumeration
Authors: Vaughan Liam , Zamyadi Arash , Ajjampur Suraj , Almutaram Husein , Freguia Stefano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReal-time cyanobacteria/algal monitoring is a valuable tool for early detection of harmful algal blooms, water treatment efficacy evaluation, and assists tailored water quality risk assessments by considering taxonomy and cell counts. This review evaluates and proposes a synergistic approach using neural network image recognition and microscopic imaging devices by first evaluating published literature for both imaging microscopes and image recognition. Quantitative phase imaging was considered the most promising of the investigated imaging techniques due to the provision of enhanced information relative to alternatives. This information provides significant value to image recognition neural networks, such as the convolutional neural networks discussed within this review. Considering published literature, a cyanobacteria monitoring system and corresponding image processing workflow using in situ sample collection buoys and on-shore sample processing was proposed. This system can be implemented using commercially available equipment to facilitate accurate, real-time water quality monitoring.Graphical abstract
Kingman’s model with random mutation probabilities: convergence and condensation I
Authors: Yuan Linglong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor a one-locus haploid infinite population with discrete generations, the celebrated model of Kingman describes the evolution of fitness distributions under the competition of selection and mutation, with a constant mutation probability. This paper generalises Kingman’s model by using independent and identically distributed random mutation probabilities, to reflect the influence of a random environment. The weak convergence of fitness distributions to the globally stable equilibrium is proved. Condensation occurs when almost surely a positive proportion of the population travels to and condenses at the largest fitness value. Condensation may occur when selection is favoured over mutation. A criterion for the occurrence of condensation is given.
Magnetotelluric Evidence for Distributed Lithospheric Modification Beneath the Yinchuan‐Jilantai Rift System and Its Implications for Late Cenozoic Rifting in Western North China
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Yun , Tian Xiaobo , Liu Shaozhuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Yinchuan‐Jilantai rift system (YJRS) is a prominent Cenozoic intracontinental rift zone located along the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block in western North China. Although the absence of volcanism indicates a passive origin, the tectonic driving forces and rift‐related deep processes remain poorly understood. Here we use newly obtained broadband magnetotelluric (MT) data to image the lithospheric electrical structure along a ∼500‐km‐long profile across the YJRS. At middle–lower crustal levels, the resulting model reveals several subvertical, crustal‐scale conductors that spatially correlate with the rift‐parallel, high‐angle normal faults. We attribute these features to a combined effect of saline fluids and partial melt due to recent supply of heat and volatiles into the crust from below. The crustal‐penetrating normal faults that were reactivated during extension serve as permeable pathways for deep fluid migration. In the uppermost mantle, a ∼400‐km‐wide zone of enhanced conductivity is present and requires the presence of partial melt. We interpret this feature as evidence for lithospheric modification through upwelling and decompressional melting of the volatile‐enriched mantle. When compared with the narrow (<100‐km‐wide) mantle conductors imaged beneath the Shanxi rift system along the eastern margin of the Ordos Block, such a feature indicates the YJRS has experienced a larger extent of lithospheric modification. Combined with additional geologic and geophysical observations, we attribute this essential difference to the inherited lithospheric heterogeneity and the eastward decreasing far‐field impacts from the India‐Eurasia collision.
Submesoscale Processes in the Upper Red Sea
Authors: Zhan Peng , Guo Daquan , Krokos George , Dong Jihai , Duran Rodrigo , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpatial‐temporal submesoscale variabilities in the upper Red Sea and their generation mechanisms, including frontogenesis, mixed‐layer instability (MLI), and symmetric instability (SI) are qualitatively investigated using high‐resolution simulations. The results suggest that submesoscales are critical hydrodynamic components and stirring at submesoscale has a clear signal in the Red Sea, enhanced in winter, particularly in the central and northern basins, and intensified toward the eastern coast. Frontogenesis and MLI energize submesoscales with winter peaks, when SI could also be triggered by the enhanced frontal gradients and buoyancy loss that reduce the surface potential vorticity. The MLI and SI have larger (smaller) scales in winter (summer). The seasonal submesoscale variability is governed by the vertical structure of the mixed layer forced by atmospheric conditions, significantly modulating the mesoscale eddies' seasonality via an inverse cascade. This study offers new insights into understanding the Red Sea submesoscales and have potential applications to other marginal seas.
Deficiencies of Phenology Models in Simulating Spatial and Temporal Variations in Temperate Spring Leaf Phenology
Authors: Li Shihua , Wang Yingping , Ciais Philippe , Sitch Stephen , Sato Hisashi , Shen Miaogen , Chen Xiuzhi , Ito Akihiko , Wu Chaoyang , Kucharik Christopher J. , Yuan Wenping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpring leaf phenology and its response to climate change have crucial effects on surface albedo, carbon balance, and the water cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. Based on long‐term (period 1963–2014) in situ observations of budburst date and leaf unfolding date of more than 300 deciduous woody species from 32 sites across the temperate zone in China, we conducted model‐data comparison of spatial and temporal variations for spring leaf phenology calculated using the phenology modules that were embed into 10 existing terrestrial ecosystem models. Our results suggested that ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic EcosystEms and Spatially Explicit Individual‐Based performed the best in reproducing the spatial patterns of spring leaf phenology, but tended to underestimate the temporal variations in responding to temperature warming, showing low interannual variability (IAV) and temperature sensitivity (ST). In contrast, the performances of Vegetation Integrated SImulator for Trace Gases were the best in modeling IAV and ST. BIOME3, Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena model, Joint UK Land Environment Simulator, BioGeochemical Cycles, Community Land Model, Integrated Biosphere Simulator, and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange Model failed to reproduce both the spatial and temporal patterns. Using temperature series (1960–2100) form Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Number 6 scenarios to force the 10 phenology modules, our results highlighted large uncertainties in predicting spring leaf phenology changes with the warming climate, and more work is required to deal with the deficiencies of phenology model parameters and algorithms.
Integrating Perspectives on Dissolved Organic Carbon Removal and Whole‐Stream Metabolism
Authors: Plont Stephen , Riney Jacob , Hotchkiss Erin R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuantifying organic carbon (OC) removal in streams is needed to integrate the functional role of inland waters into landscape carbon budgets. To illustrate how in‐stream OC removal measurements can be used to characterize ecosystem and landscape carbon fluxes, we compared two common methods: (a) Bioassays measuring water column dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake and (b) daily rates of whole‐stream metabolism and OC spiraling calculated from fluorescent dissolved organic matter, oxygen, and discharge measurements. We then assessed how OC removal rates from these two methods, measured in two low‐productivity heterotrophic streams, affected estimates of terrestrial OC loading and export using a mass balance model. OC mineralization velocities calculated from whole‐stream metabolism (0.06 ± 0.03 m d−1 (mean ± SD)) were greater than water column bioassay DOC uptake velocities (0.01 ± 0.01 m d−1), which resulted in higher in‐stream OC removal estimates (0.5%–15.2% and 0.02%–4.2% removal for whole‐stream metabolism and bioassays, respectively). Furthermore, the terrestrial OC inputs needed to sustain in‐stream OC concentrations differ among methods, with simulated inputs ranging from 79 to 1,300 or 3–350 g OC d−1 for whole‐stream metabolism or bioassays, respectively. We show how in‐stream OC removal can be used to quantify terrestrial‐aquatic linkages by estimating OC inputs needed to fuel whole‐stream metabolism in low‐productivity streams, and offer future directions to better link OC removal with whole‐ecosystem OC budgets. Without appropriate conversions to whole‐stream processes, bioassays systematically underestimate whole‐stream carbon cycling. By integrating whole‐stream metabolism with OC transport, we can better elucidate the role of running waters in landscape carbon budgets and the global carbon cycle.
TRIM45 causes neuronal damage by aggravating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation upon cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Xia Qian , Zhan Gaofeng , Mao Meng , Zhao Yin , Li Xing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExcessive and unresolved neuroinflammation is a key component of the pathological cascade in brain injuries such as ischemic stroke. Tripartite motif-containing 45 (TRIM45) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase involved in various critical biological processes. However, the role of TRIM45 in cerebral ischemia remains unknown. Here, we found that the TRIM45 protein was highly expressed in the peri-infarct areas of mice subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. This study systemically evaluated the putative role of TRIM45 in the regulation of neuroinflammation during ischemic injury and the potential underlying mechanisms. We found that TRIM45 knockdown significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in primary cultured microglia challenged with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TRIM45 constitutively interacted with TAB2 and consequently facilitated the Lys-63-linked polyubiquitination of TAB2, leading to the formation of the TAB1–TAK1–TAB2 complex and activation of TAK1, which was ultimately followed by activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In an in vitro coculture Transwell system, downregulation of TRIM45 expression also inhibited the OGD/R-induced activation of microglia and alleviated neuronal apoptosis. More importantly, microglia-specific knockdown of TRIM45 in mice significantly reduced the infarct size, mitigated neurological deficit scores, and improved cognitive function after ischemic stroke. Taken together, our study reveals that the TRIM45–TAB2 axis is a crucial checkpoint that controls NF-κB signaling in microglia during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Therefore, targeting TRIM45 may be an attractive therapeutic strategy.
The m6A reader IGF2BP3 promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression by enhancing RCC2 stability
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shen Yan , Li Huan , Chen Ying , Zhang Ping , Lou Shifeng , Deng Jianchuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant posttranscriptional modification of mRNA in eukaryotes. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulated m6A-associated proteins and m6A modifications play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of diseases such as cancer. Here, we identified that IGF2BP3 is specifically overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a subtype of leukemia associated with poor prognosis and high genetic risk. IGF2BP3 is required for maintaining AML cell survival in an m6A-dependent manner, and knockdown of IGF2BP3 dramatically suppresses the apoptosis, reduces the proliferation, and impairs the leukemic capacity of AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 interacts with RCC2 mRNA and stabilizes the expression of m6A-modified RNA. Thus, we provided compelling evidence demonstrating that the m6A reader IGF2BP3 contributes to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in AML and can serve as a target for the development of cancer therapeutics.
Three doses of prototypic SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine induce cross-protection against its variants of concern
Authors: Xie Tianhong , Lu Shuaiyao , He Zhanlong , Liu Hongqi , Wang Junbin , Tang Cong , Yang Ting , Yu Wenhai , Li Hua , Yang Yun , Yang Hao , Yue Lei , Zhou Yanan , Yang Fengmei , Luo Zhiwu , Li Yanyan , Xiang Hong , Zhao Yuan , Wang Jie , Wang Haixuan , Long Runxiang , Kuang Dexuan , Tan Wenjie , Peng Xiaozhong , Li Qihan , Xie Zhongping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVariants are globally emerging very quickly following pandemic prototypic SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate the cross-protection of prototypic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine against its variants, we vaccinated rhesus monkeys with three doses of prototypic SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, followed by challenging with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). These vaccinated animals produced neutralizing antibodies against Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, although there were certain declinations of geometric mean titer (GMT) as compared with prototypic SARS-CoV-2. Of note, in vivo this prototypic vaccine not only reduced the viral loads in nasal, throat and anal swabs, pulmonary tissues, but also improved the pathological changes in the lung infected by variants of Alpha, Beta, and Delta. In summary, the prototypic SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in this study protected against VOCs to certain extension, which is of great significance for prevention and control of COVID-19.
Spinal cord injury reprograms muscle fibroadipogenic progenitors to form heterotopic bones within muscles
Authors: Tseng Hsu-Wen , Girard Dorothée , Alexander Kylie A. , Millard Susan M. , Torossian Frédéric , Anginot Adrienne , Fleming Whitney , Gueguen Jules , Goriot Marie-Emmanuelle , Clay Denis , Jose Beulah , Nowlan Bianca , Pettit Allison R. , Salga Marjorie , Genêt François , Bousse-Kerdilès Marie-Caroline Le , Banzet Sébastien , Lévesque Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe cells of origin of neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs), which develop frequently in the periarticular muscles following spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and traumatic brain injuries, remain unclear because skeletal muscle harbors two progenitor cell populations: satellite cells (SCs), which are myogenic, and fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are mesenchymal. Lineage-tracing experiments using the Cre recombinase/LoxP system were performed in two mouse strains with the fluorescent protein ZsGreen specifically expressed in either SCs or FAPs in skeletal muscles under the control of the Pax7 or Prrx1 gene promoter, respectively. These experiments demonstrate that following muscle injury, SCI causes the upregulation of PDGFRα expression on FAPs but not SCs and the failure of SCs to regenerate myofibers in the injured muscle, with reduced apoptosis and continued proliferation of muscle resident FAPs enabling their osteogenic differentiation into NHOs. No cells expressing ZsGreen under the Prrx1 promoter were detected in the blood after injury, suggesting that the cells of origin of NHOs are locally derived from the injured muscle. We validated these findings using human NHO biopsies. PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cells isolated from the muscle surrounding NHO biopsies could develop ectopic human bones when transplanted into immunocompromised mice, whereas CD56+ myogenic cells had a much lower potential. Therefore, NHO is a pathology of the injured muscle in which SCI reprograms FAPs to undergo uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts.
Massive iron accumulation in PKAN-derived neurons and astrocytes: light on the human pathological phenotype
Authors: Santambrogio Paolo , Ripamonti Maddalena , Cozzi Anna , Raimondi Marzia , Cavestro Chiara , Di Meo Ivano , Rubio Alicia , Taverna Stefano , Tiranti Valeria , Levi Sonia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeurodegeneration associated with defective pantothenate kinase-2 (PKAN) is an early-onset monogenic autosomal-recessive disorder. The hallmark of the disease is the massive accumulation of iron in the globus pallidus brain region of patients. PKAN is caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene encoding the mitochondrial enzyme pantothenate kinase-2, whose function is to catalyze the first reaction of the CoA biosynthetic pathway. To date, the way in which this alteration leads to brain iron accumulation has not been elucidated. Starting from previously obtained hiPS clones, we set up a differentiation protocol able to generate inhibitory neurons. We obtained striatal-like medium spiny neurons composed of approximately 70–80% GABAergic neurons and 10–20% glial cells. Within this mixed population, we detected iron deposition in both PKAN cell types, however, the viability of PKAN GABAergic neurons was strongly affected. CoA treatment was able to reduce cell death and, notably, iron overload. Further differentiation of hiPS clones in a pure population of astrocytes showed particularly evident iron accumulation, with approximately 50% of cells positive for Perls staining. The analysis of these PKAN astrocytes indicated alterations in iron metabolism, mitochondrial morphology, respiratory activity, and oxidative status. Moreover, PKAN astrocytes showed signs of ferroptosis and were prone to developing a stellate phenotype, thus gaining neurotoxic features. This characteristic was confirmed in iPS-derived astrocyte and glutamatergic neuron cocultures, in which PKAN glutamatergic neurons were less viable in the presence of PKAN astrocytes. This newly generated astrocyte model is the first in vitro disease model recapitulating the human phenotype and can be exploited to deeply clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the disease.