bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF ECOLOGICAL NETWORK IN UKRAINE
Authors: Merylovа Іryna 
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the article is determined by the global direction towards the greening of the environment which finds its manifestations both in scientific research in various fields of knowledge and in the general policy of developed countries. Nowadays, the problems of climate, environmental friendliness and biodiversity are of vital importance. The current approach to land use leads to fragmentation of natural environment, stagnation of natural habitat, degradation of ecological systems, which affects nature-related anthropogenic culture.
The article considers political measures that are the basis for the methodology of environmental regulation at global level. This research shows how they are reflected in the Ukrainian legal framework and provides specific results.
The analysis of legislative and literary sources allowed finding out that the creation of the ecological network of Ukraine has a deep level of integration into the European ecological programs and is a part of the ecological network of a higher order. The study found that the organization of the ecological network of Ukraine takes place immediately at the national, regional and local levels. The national level ensures the establishment of state strategies and directions of the ecological network, the establishment of interstate communications on the organization of transboundary ecological objects as well as the positioning of the state ecological network as a part of the "Green Infrastructure" (GI). At this level there is communication with world environmental organizations, setting goals, directives and compliance with environmental programs.
The regional and local levels determine the activities of regional and district councils in relation to specific environmental measures aimed at the protection and reproduction of natural biological and landscape diversity, its protection, regulation of land use in protected areas. The article highlights the hierarchical model of ecological networks organization (Regional Ecological Network Scheme - Consolidated Scheme of Ecological Network of Ukraine - European Ecological Network Scheme "Green Infrastructure"), which reveals the relationship between the initial global environmental initiative and the scheme of ecological network formation in Ukraine.
THE EFFECT OF TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY TOWARD ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH MOTIVATION AS A MODERATOR VARIABLE
Authors: Damayanti Adelia Shovi , Musafik Mohammad Naim 
Published: February 2022

In this study, the results of this research to analysis the effect of each variable. There are; (1) to analysis the significant effect of teacher self-efficacy toward English learning achievement, (2) to analysis the significant effect of motivation toward English learning achievement, (3) to analysis the significant effect of teacher self-efficacy toward motivation, (4) to analysis the significant effect of teacher self-efficacy toward English learning achievement through motivation. The results of this study (1) Teacher Self-Efficacy has no significant effect toward English Learning Achievement. (2) Motivation has significant effect toward English Learning Achievement. (3) Teacher Self-Efficacy has significant effect toward Motivation. And the last (4) Teacher Self-Efficacy toward English Learning Achievement through. Motivation has significant effect indirectly. The analysis of this study used descriptive quantitative approach as a research design. In this research questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The use of this questionnaire was intended to measure the variable (X1) teacher self-efficacy with a total of 16 questions in the form of statements, (X2) motivation with 15 questions in the form of statements and variable (Y) English learning achievement with a total of 15 questions in the form of statements. Using Google Form to find the significant effect of teacher self-efficacy toward English learning achievement through motivation as a moderator variable. In this study, researchers used a sample of 11th grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Kediri to determine the effect of each variable to be studied. The total population of grade 11 students is 392, so that from the total number of students, 198 students will be taken by random sampling.
PECULIARITIES OF COMPLEX FORMATION IN THE SULFOBUTYL ETHER-β-CYCLODEXTRIN - IONIC LIQUID SYSTEM
Authors: Kobrina Larisa , Boyko Valentina , Hliieva Halyna , Riabov Sergii , Rogalsky Sergiy , Yanova Karolina 
Published: February 2022

The inclusion complexation of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt (SBECD) - ionic liquid (IL) has been investigated by a series of appropriate methods. The stability constant of the complex of SBECD-IL (K = 72.4 m-1) was determined by the method of Higuchi and Connors. An increase in the surface tension of solutions with different SBECD’s content was recorded by using the method of Wilhelm's plate, which could serve as an additional evidence of the formation of inclusion complex between SBECD and IL. Analysis of the TGA results provided for the initial IL and SBECD, their mechanical mixture and the complex elaborated allows us to conclude that the "guest-host" type complexation is emerged. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data also confirmed the formation of inclusion complex between SBECD and IL. While the guest molecule is incorporated into cyclodextrin cavity, its thermal properties are changed. So, the loss of physically bonded water in the complex is equal to 5% by weight, indicating the IL’s molecule being located in the SBECD’s hydrophobic cavity. The thermogram of inclusion complex demonstrates just one endothermic peak at 74 oC. The complex is formed by entering the long alkyl chain of ionic liquid into the hydrophobic cavity of SBECD. Since the bonds of sulfo groups and β-СD’s glucopyran cycles become weaker, this may testify an additional interactions between SBECD and IL. With thermograviometric analysis (TGA) of the original IR and SB-β-CD, their mechanical mixture and the test compound fixed the formation of not a classical complex, but an associated complex of inclusion type "guest-host", which is formed by entering a long alkyl chain IR in the hydrophobic cavity SB-β-CD.
CATALYSIS OF HYDRODEHALOGENATION RE­ACTION OF HALOARENES BY CARBENE PEPPSI-PALLADIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: Saberov Vagiz , Avksentiev Alexander , Rayenko Gennady , Ryabitsky Alexey , Yenya Vasil , Nechitaylov Maxim , Korotkikh Nikolai 
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of a number of carbene PEPPSI-complexes of palladium with various pyridine and carbene ligands was carried out by reactions of 1,3-bis-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methyl­phenyl)imidazolium chloride IPr*.HCl [compounds 7a-c IPr*PdCl2L’, L’ = pyridine (а), 3-chloropyridine (b), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (с)], 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)­imida­zo­li­um perchlorate IPr.HClO4 [compounds 8a,b IPr.PdCl2L’, L’ = 3-chloropyridine (а), о-phenanthroline (b)], 1,3-diphenyl-4-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolium perchlorate L.HClO4 (complex 9 LPdCl2L’, L’ = 3-chloropyridine) and 1,3-dicetyl­imidazolium bromide L.HBr (complex 11 LPdCl2L’, L’ = pyridine) with palladium chloride in pyridines (pyridine, 3-chloropyridine), or acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate. Yields of compounds – from high (56–100%) to moderate (36 %). The structure of the compounds was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shifts of carbene atoms in the 13C NMR spectra of complexes 7a-c. 8a, b 11 are in the region 151.0-156.2 ppm, for complex 9 - at  174.4 ppm A high catalytic effect of sterically shielded complexes 7a, b, 8a, b in the hydrodehalogenation reaction of p-dichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene under the action of potassium tert-butoxide in isopropanol was established. 1,3-Bis-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene complexes 7a, b (quantitative conversions with p-dichlorobenzene are achieved with 0.013 mol% of catalyst) show the highest efficiency, but the compound with 4-dimethylaminopyridine ligand 7c has significantly lower efficiency (22% conversion under these conditions). Complexes with 1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene ligand 8a, b are close in efficiency to compounds 7a, b (for 7a quantitative conversion is achieved with 0.026 mol% of catalyst). Phenanthroline-containing complex 8b is less effective than complex 8a (87% conversion with 0.052 mol% of catalyst). Complex 9 is much less effective (even with 0.13 mol% of catalyst 13% conversion is achieved). Compound 11 catalyzes the reaction well only when the amount of catalyst is up to 1.3 mol% (98% conversion). Thus, compounds 7a, b, 8a are the best PEPPSI-catalysts for hydrodehalogenation of haloarenes promising for industrial decontamination of persistent orga­nic pollutants (hexachlorobenzene, DDT, di­oxins and polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.).
Efficacy of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Liang Bonnie , Koye Digsu N. , Hachem Mariam , Zafari Neda , Braat Sabine , Ekinci Elif I. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveFlash glucose monitoring (FlashGM) is a sensor-based technology that displays glucose readings and trends to people with diabetes. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the effect of FlashGM on glycaemic outcomes including HbA1c, time in range, frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes and time in hypo/hyperglycaemia compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose, using data from randomised controlled trials.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL for articles published between 2014 and 2021. We selected randomised controlled trials comparing flash glucose monitoring to self-monitoring of blood glucose that reported change in HbA1c and at least one other glycaemic outcome in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Two independent reviewers extracted data from each study using a piloted form. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model was conducted to obtain a pooled estimate of the treatment effect. Heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots and the I2 statistic.ResultsWe identified 5 randomised controlled trials lasting 10 – 24 weeks and involving 719 participants. Flash glucose monitoring did not lead to a significant reduction in HbA1c. However, it resulted in increased time in range (mean difference 1.16 hr, 95% CI 0.13 to 2.19, I2 = 71.7%) and decreased frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes (mean difference -0.28 episodes per 24 hours, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.04, I2 = 71.4%).ConclusionsFlash glucose monitoring did not lead to a significant reduction in HbA1c compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose, however, it improved glycaemic management through increased time in range and decreased frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42020165688).
Qualitative Analysis of Drug-Containing Plasma and its Application to Quantitative Analysis and Pharmacokinetic Study of Zexie Decoction Using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Wu Jiashuo , Zheng Shunliang , Zhang Fangqing , Ruan Haonan , Xue Haotian , Wang Jingxun , Li Zhuangzhuang , Jin Weiyi , Wang Weihua , Xia Jing , Shi Yue 
Published: February 2022

ZeXie Decoction (ZXD) is one of the traditional Chinese medicine formulas (TCMFs) comprising Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep. (ZX) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (BZ) in 5:2 ratios and is widely employed in clinical applications since ancient times. In this study, UHPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS was used for qualitative analysis of ZXD in rats’ plasma after a single oral dose of 750 mg/kg body weight. Afterward, UHPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS was used for simultaneous analysis of three bioactive chemical compounds including alisol A, alisol B, and alisol A 24-acetate in ZXD’s ethanol extract. Subsequently, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the three analytes were investigated in rat plasma utilizing UHPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the three analytes were at m/z 508.4→383.2 for alisol A, m/z 490.4→365.2 for alisol B, and m/z 550.4→515.5 for alisol A 24-acetate. The analysis method was validated in terms of its accuracy, stability, repeatability, linearity, spiked recovery and matrix effect. As a result, twenty-five chemical constituents of ZXD were putatively identified in plasma, and rapid, sensitive, and accurate methods were established for the quantitative analysis and pharmacokinetic study of ZXD. The findings of this study can provide a scientific base for further study of in vivo pharmacokinetics of TCMFs.
Dual Effect of Acetic Acid Efficiently Enhances Sludge-Based Biochar to Recover Uranium From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yu Shoufu , Wu Xiaoyan , Ye Jian , Li Mi , Zhang Qiucai , Zhang Xiaowen , Lv Chunxue , Xie Wenjie , Shi Keyou , Liu Yong 
Published: February 2022

Excess sludge (ES) treatment and that related to the uranium recovery from uranium-containing wastewater (UCW) are two hot topics in the field of environmental engineering. Sludge-based biochar (SBB) prepared from ES was used to recover uranium from UCW. Excellent effects were achieved when SBB was modified by acetic acid. Compared with SBB, acetic acid-modified SBB (ASBB) has shown three characteristics deserving interest: 1) high sorption efficiency, in which the sorption ratio of U(VI) was increased by as high as 35.0%; 2) fast sorption rate, as the equilibrium could be achieved within 5.0 min; 3) satisfied sorption/desorption behavior; as a matter of fact, the sorption rate of U(VI) could still be maintained at 93.0% during the test cycles. In addition, based on the test conditions and various characterization results, it emerged as a dual effect of acetic acid on the surface of SBB, i.e., to increase the porosity and add (−COOH) groups. It was revealed that U(VI) and −COO− combined in the surface aperture of ASBB via single-dentate coordination. Altogether, a new utilization mode for SBB is here proposed, as a means of efficient uranium sorption from UCW.
The Prescription Characteristics, Efficacy and Safety of Spironolactone in Real-World Patients With Acute Heart Failure Syndrome: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Na Soo Jin , Youn Jong-Chan , Lee Hye Sun , Jeon Soyoung , Lee Hae-Young , Cho Hyun-Jai , Choi Jin-Oh , Jeon Eun-Seok , Lee Sang Eun , Kim Min-Seok , Kim Jae-Joong , Hwang Kyung-Kuk , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Kang Seok-Min , Choi Dong-Ju , Yoo Byung-Su , Kim Kye Hun , Oh Byung-Hee , Baek Sang Hong 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundRandomized clinical trials of spironolactone showed significant mortality reduction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, its role in acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) is largely unknown.AimTo investigate the prescription characteristics, efficacy and safety of spironolactone in real-world patients with AHFS.Methods5,136 AHFS patients who survived to hospital discharge using a nationwide prospective registry in Korea were analyzed. The primary efficacy outcome was 3-year all-cause mortality.ResultsSpironolactone was prescribed in 2,402 (46.8%) at discharge: &lt;25 mg in 890 patients (37.1%), ≥25 mg, and &lt;50 mg in 1,154 patients (48.0%), and ≥50 mg in 358 patients (14.9%). Patients treated with spironolactone had a lower proportion of chronic renal failure and renal replacement therapy during hospitalization and had lower serum creatinine level than those who did not. In overall patients, 3-year mortality was not different in both groups (35.9 vs. 34.5%, P = 0.279). The incidence of renal injury and hyperkalemia was 2.2% and 4.3%, respectively, at the first follow-up visit. The treatment effect of spironolactone on mortality was different across subpopulations according to LVEF. The use of spironolactone was associated with a significant reduction in 3-year morality in patients with LVEF ≤ 26% (33.8 vs. 44.3%, P &lt; 0.001; adjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.97, P = 0.023), but not in patients with LVEF &gt; 26%.ConclusionsAlthough spironolactone was frequently used at lower doses in real-world practice, use of spironolactone significantly reduced 3-year mortality in patients with severely reduced LVEF with acceptable safety profile. However, our findings remain prone to various biases and further prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Using a Spatial Analysis Method to Study the Seismo-Ionospheric Disturbances of Electron Density Observed by China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite
Authors: Liu Jing , Qiao Xiaoling , Zhang Xuemin , Wang Zhuangkai , Zhou Chen , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2022

Due to the complex processes of earthquake preparation, the observations and studies associated with earthquakes have attracted the attention of geophysicists for many years. The CSES was successfully launched on 2 February 2018. This satellite can provide global data of the electromagnetic field, plasma, and energetic particles in the ionosphere to monitor and study the ionospheric perturbations associated with earthquakes. Focusing on the characteristics of CSES, a spatial analysis method was proposed to extract the disturbances of electron density prior to earthquakes. Taking Indonesia Mw6.9 earthquake that occurred on 5 August 2018 as an example, the spatial method was illustrated and verified by another analysis method also using the data of electron density and GPS TEC data with the same analysis method. Based on the electron density of CSES for more than 2 years, this method was applied to carry out the statistical study prior to Mw ≥ 6.0 global earthquakes using the superposed epoch and space approach (SESA) method. It was found that 1) relative to the epicenters, seismo-ionospheric disturbances are more obvious in the equator direction than those in the polar direction; 2) the anomalies within 300 km distance from the epicenter are significant 11, 3, and 2 days prior to Mw ≥ 6.0 earthquakes; 3) the influence region of perturbances associated with earthquakes enlarges with the magnitude increase, and the stronger magnitude is the earlier disturbance appears. These statistical characteristics were not detected for the random earthquakes. Comparing the statistical result with the simulation output, the electric field pathway could be considered as the main channel of lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling.
Elevated TyG Index Predicts Incidence of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study in NSTE-ACS Patients Implanted With DESs
Authors: Li Mingkang , Li Linqing , Qin Yuhan , Luo Erfei , Wang Dong , Qiao Yong , Tang Chengchun , Yan Gaoliang 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundTriglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a reliable and specific biomarker for insulin resistance and is associated with renal dysfunction. The present study sought to explore the relationship between TyG index and the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients implanted with drug-eluting stents (DESs).MethodsA total of 1108 participants were recruited to the study and assigned to two groups based on occurrence of CIN. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Baseline characteristics and incidence of CIN were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between TyG index and CIN.ResultsThe results showed that 167 participants (15.1%) developed CIN. Subjects in the CIN group had a significantly higher TyG index compared with subjects in the non-CIN group (8.9 ± 0.7 vs. 9.3 ± 0.7, P&lt;0.001). TyG index was significantly correlated with increased risk of CIN after adjusting for confounding factors irrespective of diabetes mellitus status and exhibited a J-shaped non-linear association. Subgroup analysis showed a significant gender difference in the relationship between TyG index and CIN. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the risk assessment performance of TyG index was superior compared with other single metabolic indexes. Addition of TyG index to the baseline model increased the area under the curve from 0.713 (0.672-0.754) to 0.742 (0.702-0.782) and caused a reclassification improvement of 0.120 (0.092-0.149).ConclusionThe findings from the present study show that a high TyG index is significantly and independently associated with incidence of CIN in NSTE-ACS patients firstly implanted with DESs. Routine preoperative assessment of TyG index can alleviate CIN and TyG index provides a potential target for intervention in prevention of CIN.
Influence of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index on Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Prediabetic Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Guo Qianyun , Feng Xunxun , Zhang Bin , Zhai Guangyao , Yang Jiaqi , Liu Yang , Liu Yuyang , Shi Dongmei , Zhou Yujie 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCardiovascular disease and insulin resistance are closely related. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is frequently used as an indicator of insulin resistance. However, there is scant information on the TyG index in the prediabetic population, nor is the prognostic significance of the index known for prediabetes and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.MethodsThe clinical endpoint was a major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCEs), including cardiac-related death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization, and stroke. The TyG index was calculated as = ln [(triglyceride level, mg/dL) × (glucose level, mg/dL)÷2] under fasting conditions.ResultsThe study included 2,030 prediabetic patients with ACS. Patients were followed up for 2.5 years, during which the total incidence of MACCEs was 12%. After adjustment for covariates, the TyG index was found to be predictive of prediabetes with ACS (HR 4.942, 95%CI: 3.432-6.115, P&lt;0.001). Using propensity score matching, 574 pairs were successfully matched, and the two groups were analyzed in terms of survival. This showed that there was a significantly greater incidence of MACCEs in patients with high TyG indices (HR 3.526, 95%CI: 2.618-4.749, P&lt;0.001), mainly due to ischemia-driven revascularization and stroke.ConclusionsThe TyG index independently predicts future MACCEs and may be an important prognostic indicator for patients with prediabetes and ACS.