bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Preplant Application of Post Emergent Herbicide Glyphosate on the Events of Germination, Growth and Biochemical Composition of Blackgram Seedlings
Authors: Keerthana M. , Chinnamuthu C. R. , Arthanari P. Murali , Sakthivel N. , Rajasree V. , Shanmugasundaram R. 
Published: March 2022

Weed causes heavy yield loss when it competes with crops especially for light, water, nutrient and space. In crop production, weed management is a necessary operation to get a higher yield. Manual weeding operation is an easy and environmentally friendly method but it increases the cost of cultivation and makes the crop production practice a non-profitable business venture. Under this situation, the herbicide can be used as the most practical and effective alternative means of weed control. In intensive agriculture heavy use of herbicide affects the growth and biochemical composition of the crop. The objective of this study was to find out the effect of pre-plant soil application of post emergence glyphosate on the germination, growth and biochemical composition of blackgram seedlings. Results showed that glyphosate 1000 ppm did not significantly affect the germination of blackgram seeds. However, the higher concentration of 1000 ppm affects the root (1.08 cm) and shoot length (6.16 cm) compared to control (6.16 and 12.27 cm, respectively) and the lower concentration at the rate of 10 ppm enhance the root (6.26 cm) and shoot length (12.49 cm). Soluble protein content was higher in glyphosate 1000 ppm (70.60 mg g-1) compare to control (59.40 mg g-1). The finding concludes that the pre-plant application of post emergence herbicide glyphosate didn’t affect the germination. However it has reduced the root and shoot length of blackgram when applied at higher concentrations. Contrary to the higher dose the lower dose of glyphosate stimulates the growth and development of blackgram seedlings.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Response to Combinations of Ethalfluralin Plus S-metolachlor Applied Prior to Planting
Authors: Grichar W. James , Dotray Peter A. 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Determine sesame response to ethalfluralin at 0.63, 0.84, or 1.05 kg ha-1 in combination with S-metolachlor at 1.07 or 1.42 kg ha-1 applied and incorporated prior to planting.
Study Design: Randomized complete-block with 3 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Studies conducted during the 2019 growing season in the Southern High Plains region of Texas near New Deal (33.5818o N, -101.7794o W) and in south Texas near Yoakum (29.2756o N, -97.1226o W).
Methodology: At New Deal, two passes (in opposite directions) using a rolling cultivator with mixing wheels was used to incorporate herbicides within one hour of application. Mixing wheels consists of four to six spider gangs approximately 10 to 13 cm long mounted on a gang tube and set to incorporate the herbicide no greater than 2.0 cm. At the Yoakum locations, listed bed tops were cut so that they were no greater than 7 cm tall. At Yoakum 1, after beds were knocked down, herbicides were applied and incorporated approximately 2.0 cm deep with a similar piece of equipment as used at New Deal. At Yoakum 2, only the mixing action of the Monosem® precision planter was used to incorporate herbicides.
Results: At Yoakum, Urochloa texana (Buckl.) control with all ethalfluralin plus S-metolachlor treatments when evaluated 31 to 39 DAP was inconsistent and varied from 62 to 95% while Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats control was 98 to 100% and Trianthema portulacastrum L. control was 81 to 99%. At New Deal, only ethalfluralin at 0.84 kg ha-1 + S-metolachlor at 1.42 kg ha-1 did not reduce stand. All treatments caused sesame injury when evaluated 16 and 72 days after planting; only ethalfluralin at 1.05 kg ha-1 + S-metolachlor at 1.42 kg ha-1 reduced yield. At Yoakum, all herbicide treatments reduced yield regardless of incorporation method (mixing wheel vs planter action).
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) about Self-medication among Adult Population of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Mohammad Daud , Ahmad Ayaz , Lewis Sharell , Kannan Latha , Sadek Faten Abdullah , Tawal Zahra Ammar Al , Ansari Md Salahuddin 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Self-medication can be described as the use of medications with therapeutic intent without prescription or supervision of the physician. The World Health Organization has considered Self- medications as one of self-care elements that comprise hygiene, nutrition, lifestyle, living condition, and income level. Self- Care is a practice that people do, to maintain wellness and prevent illness. Hence current study conducted to measure the prevalence of knowledge and attitude about self- medication practice among the communities of Eastern province, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 532 participants via an online survey. Survey questionnaire was distributed over the Social media platform.
Results: The results indicate that among the age group 15 to 25 years (43.42%) there’s a high incidence of self-medication practice. Gender comparison indicated that females demonstrated a high prevalence of self-medication than males. Analysis of information from the university graduate students indicated that self-medication was high (46.05%) related with the knowledge of the medications (68.6%). Major medicine that was being used to self-medicate was Analgesic/painkiller (80.26%). It is essential to mention that the use of antibiotic was slightly low (12%). Among the health problems that provoked self-medication, headache was the main health problem (58.83%).
Conclusion: Self-medication was found to be alarmingly high among the population of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. So, it is imperative to increase the awareness among the population about the risk of this practice and how to practice self-medication more responsibly to avoid unwanted outcomes.
Updates in Causes, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management of Lichen Planus
Authors: Abanomy Samiah Abdulrahman , Alanazi Abdulaziz Saqer A. , Alabdulminaim Jehad Ahmed , Alrashidi Laila Shuqayr , Alawlah Maram Nasser 
Published: March 2022

Bhutani et al. originally described a pigmented variety of lichen planus (LP) from India in 1974, and created the label LP pigmentosus (LPP) to better describe it. LPP is one of several variations of the LP gene. This skin lesion has also been reported in the Middle East, Latin America, Korea, and Japan, and is more common in those with darker skin. The most common differential diagnosis for LPP is erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP). Fixed drug eruption, macular amyloidosis, urticaria pigmentosa, tar melanosis, frictional melanosis, berloque dermatitis, pigmented beautifying dermatitis (Reihl's melanosis), and pigmented beautifying dermatitis (Reihl's melanosis) are some of the other differences. Cutaneous LP usually clears up on its own after 1 to 2 years, thus care focuses on lowering pruritus and speeding up the healing process. First-line management for limited LP is superpotent interesting steroids (clobetasol 0.05%) twice daily for 2 to 4 weeks.
This study aims to:
1- Recognize the causes and risk factors for lichen planus
2- Correct diagnosis of lichen planus
3- Provide effective treatment for lichen planus
CÁRIE E FLUOROSE DENTÁRIA: EXISTE RELAÇÃO?
Authors: Da Paz Costa Lara Beatriz , De Matos Vilas Boas Aline , Carvalho Lima Porto Edla 
Published: March 2022

Introdução: A prevenção de doenças bucais em crianças é a prioridade na odontologia moderna e a saúde bucal de um indivíduo começa a se desenvolver na primeira infância. Uma influência das doenças cárie e fluorose dentária na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal se destaca, além de ser observada uma relação direta entre a alta concentração de fluoretos na água de consumo e a redução da cárie dentária, entretanto, uma provável relação com o aumento da prevalência e gravidade da doença fluorose pode estar agregada, principalmente pela existência da ingestão de flúor a partir de outras fontes. Objetivo: Verificar se existe relação entre a cárie e a fluorose dentária, através de uma revisão da literatura. Revisão de Literatura: É inquestionável a ação protetora do flúor contra a cárie, mas foi associada na literatura um aumento na ocorrência e gravidade da fluorose já que o teor de flúor pode estar sendo além do recomendado em relação à água, associado a ingestão de alimentos, bebidas e dentifrícios também fluoretados. Percebeu-se o baixo nível de conhecimento das crianças e cuidadores a respeito da etiologia da fluorose e a importância dos programas de promoção da saúde bucal. Considerações Finais: É notória a relação existente entre cárie e fluorose dentária mesmo que, de forma indireta, exista o efeito duplo que o flúor pode ocasionar, tanto benéfico quanto “maléfico”, necessitando assim de uma atuação mais eficiente e rigorosa dos gestores.
Flexible and Dual‐Tunable Radar Absorber Enabled by Graphene
Authors: Geng Mingyang , Liu Zhenguo , Chen Hao , Bao Xinzhi , Yang Xiaolu , Lu Weibing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible and tunable radar absorbers (RAs) are in great demand both in stealth technologies and electromagnetic delusion for concealment of complex targets such as aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicle from radar detection. As a general approach, conventional lumped components such as varactor diodes and resistors are employed to achieve frequency and/or amplitude tunability of RAs. However, despite the intricate feeding networks and complex fabrication processes, this approach shows great difficulty in integrating the conventional rigid components with flexible substrate. Hence, it is an enormous challenge to realize both dual‐tunable and flexible RAs. Here the authors for the first time design and experimentally characterize a flexible and dual‐tunable RA with independent control of the frequency and amplitude. Most important is that the achieving both amplitude and frequency control is fully based on the tunability of graphene, without any lumped devices and intricate feeding network, and even without any metal involved. Hence, this dual‐tunable RA shows the priority of being flexible, light weight, and environmentally friendly. Although the prototype in this work is operating in microwave spectrum, the tunable functionalities at millimeter or terahertz spectral bands can also be obtained due to the intrinsic tunability of graphene.
Monocyte NLRP3‐IL‐1β Hyperactivation Mediates Neuronal and Synaptic Dysfunction in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder
Authors: Chen Kai , Hu Qiuping , Xie Zhongcong , Yang Guang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerioperative neurocognitive disorder may develop in vulnerable patients following major operation. While neuroinflammation is linked to the cognitive effects of surgery, how surgery and immune signaling modulate neuronal circuits, leading to learning and memory impairment remains unknown. Using in vivo two‐photon microscopy, Ca2+ activity and postsynaptic dendritic spines of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex of a mouse model of thoracic surgery are imaged. It is found that surgery causes neuronal hypoactivity, impairments in learning‐dependent dendritic spine formation, and deficits in multiple learning tasks. These neuronal and synaptic alterations in the cortex are mediated by peripheral monocytes through the NLRP3 inflammasome‐dependent IL‐1β production. Depleting peripheral monocytes or inactivating NLRP3 inflammasomes before surgery reduces levels of IL‐1β and ameliorates neuronal and behavioral deficits in mice. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of IL‐1β‐producing myeloid cells from mice undertaking thoracic surgery is sufficient to induce neuronal and behavioral deficits in naïve mice. Together, these findings suggest that surgery leads to excessive NLRP3 activation in monocytes and elevated IL‐1β signaling, which in turn causes neuronal hypoactivity and perioperative neurocognitive disorder.
High toughness and thermal conductivity of thermosets from liquid crystalline epoxy with low melting point
Authors: Harada Miyuki , Kawasaki Yusuke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA diphenylcyclohexene‐type liquid crystalline (LC) epoxy was successfully synthesized and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Even though the synthesized epoxy monomer showed a low melting temperature (99°C), the LC (smectic and nematic) phase was maintained over a wide temperature range of 99–184°C during the heating process. Moreover, the synthesized LC epoxy was cured with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane under four different temperature conditions. The LC phase structure, domain size, and LC fraction of the resulting epoxy thermosets were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The fracture toughness and thermal conductivity increased with an increase in the size and volume fraction of the LC domains. It was also found that the enhancement of the fracture toughness was more sensitive than that of the thermal conductivity.
Evaluation of in‐situ and ex‐situ hybridization in the optimized transesterification of waste and pure vegetable oils
Authors: Etim Anietie O. , Musonge Paul , Eloka‐Eboka Andrew C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFeedstock hybridization is an effective approach to address the challenges of the non‐availability of raw materials for biodiesel production. This study explores the hybridization of used sunflower oil and linseed oil in an optimized parametric transesterification method catalyzed by a potassium‐rich ash obtained from waste banana peels. Fractions of the oils were analyzed and hybridized in the ratio 50:50, 30:70, 70:30 to obtain bi‐hybrid oils and then trans‐esterified to obtain hybridized biodiesel fuel – in‐situ hybridization. The same pattern of co‐mingling was adopted for the produced single oil biodiesel to obtain bi‐hybridized biodiesel fuels – ex‐situ hybridization. The biodiesel obtained from the two‐pathway hybridization processes was analyzed for its fuel properties and compared with the biodiesel quality standards. The optimal conditions used for both the single and in‐situ hybrid oil transesterification were a methanol‐to‐oil ratio 10:1, catalyst amount 3.5 wt%, reaction time 60 min and a constant temperature of 65 °C, with the maximum biodiesel yield ranging from 94 to 97%. The fuel properties – density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value, cetane number and calorific value – obtained from the process compared well with the biodiesel quality standards. In some cases, the properties obtained via the ex‐situ hybridization approach were slightly improved compared with those of in‐situ hybridization. The study shows that the application of the two hybridization approaches are appropriate for biodiesel development and applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Seasonal associations with light pollution trends for nocturnally migrating bird populations
Authors: La Sorte Frank A. , Horton Kyle G. , Johnston Alison , Fink Daniel , Auer Tom 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) is adversely affecting natural systems worldwide, including the disorienting influence of ALAN on nocturnally migrating birds. Understanding how ALAN trends are developing across species' seasonal distributions will inform mitigation efforts, such as Lights Out programs. Here, we intersect ALAN annual trend estimates (1992–2013) with weekly estimates of relative abundance for 42 nocturnally migrating passerine bird species that breed in North America using observations from the eBird community science database for the combined period 2005–2020. We use a cluster analysis to identify species with similar weekly associations with ALAN trends. Our results identified three prominent clusters. Two contained species that occurred in northeastern and western North America during the breeding season. These species were associated with moderate ALAN levels and weak negative ALAN trends during the breeding season, and low ALAN levels and strong positive ALAN trends during the nonbreeding season. The difference between the breeding and nonbreeding seasons was lower for species that occurred in northern South America and greater for species that occurred in Central America during the nonbreeding season. For species that occurred in South America during the nonbreeding season, positive ALAN trends increased in strength as species migrated through Central America, especially in the spring. The third cluster contained species whose associations with positive ALAN trends remained high across the annual cycle, peaking during migration, especially in the spring. These species occurred in southeastern North America during the breeding season where they were associated with high ALAN levels, and in northern South America during the nonbreeding season where they were associated with low ALAN levels. Our findings suggest reversing ALAN trends in Central America during migration, especially in the spring, would benefit the most individuals of the greatest number of species. Reversing ALAN trends in southeastern North America during the breeding season and Central America during the nonbreeding season would generate the greatest benefits outside of migration.
Garlic oil alleviates high triglyceride levels in alcohol‐exposed rats by inhibiting liver oxidative stress and regulating the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Zhang Huaqi , Teng Xiangyun , Guo Peiyu , Zuo Yuwei , Zhao Hui , Wang Peng , Liang Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGarlic oil (GO) is a kind of natural extract extracted from garlic, which has strong antioxidant activity. This study elucidates the protective mechanism of GO against alcohol‐induced high triglyceride levels. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to five groups, including a control group (CON), a model group (MOD) treated with alcohol 56% v/v at 8 ml kg−1 day−1 for 2 weeks then 10 ml kg−1 day−1 for 8 weeks, a low‐dose GO group (GO‐L) given GO at 20 mg kg−1 day−1, a high‐dose GO group (GO‐H) given GO at 40 mg kg−1 day−1, and a positive group (POS) given diammonium glycyrrhizinate at 200 mg kg−1 day−1. The results showed that GO could significantly reduce the serum and liver triglyceride levels caused by alcohol exposure (p < .05). The GO‐H group significantly reduced MDA level, increased SOD and GSH‐Px levels in serum, liver, and colon (p < .05), significantly increased the levels of Sirt1 and PGC‐1α proteins and reduced FoxO1 protein level in liver (p < .05), and significantly increased the levels of ZO‐1 and Claudin1 proteins in the colon compared to the MOD group (p < .05). The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the intestinal flora of the GO‐H group was significantly changed compared with the MOD group. In summary, GO has the potential to improve high triglyceride levels in serum and liver induced by alcohol exposure, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress regulation of Sirt1 and its downstream proteins, and to the restoration of the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora.
Coumestrol pre‐treatment improves spatial learning and memory deficits following transient cerebral ischemia recruiting hippocampal GluR2 AMPA receptors
Authors: Castro Cibele Canal , de Souza Pagnussat Aline , Munhoz Carolina Demarchi , Netto Carlos Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransient global ischemia is a leading cause of learning and memory dysfunction and induces a pattern of delayed neuronal death in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus by down‐regulating GluR2 mRNA AMPA receptors in this cerebral area. This study sought to investigate the neuroprotective effect of coumestrol against spatial memory impairment induced by global ischemia that leads to neural death by reducing the GluR2 receptors content in the hippocampal CA1 area. Our studies demonstrated that coumestrol administration prevented spatial memory deficits in mice. These findings suggest a cognitive enhancement role of coumestrol against cognitive impairment in ischemic events.
Morganella morganii: An unusual analysis of 11 cases of pediatric urinary tract infections
Authors: Shi Huixuan , Chen Xianrui , Yao Yonghua , Xu Jinping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in rare opportunistic microbial infections caused by Morganella morganii is alarming across the globe. It has been reported that in cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by M. morganii, however, few studies investigated children. Our study aimed to analyze the risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical characteristics, so as to improve the clinical diagnosis and therapy of M. morganii infection.MethodsBetween April 1, 2017 and April 1, 2021, 11 cases of pediatric UTIs caused by M. morganii were included in this retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe study population included 10 males and one female between 11 months and 13 years old (mean age: 4 years 9 months). The most common comorbidity was nephrotic syndrome (72.7%, 8/11). Six patients (54.5%) were in the immunosuppressed state due to chemotherapy or immunosuppressant therapy. Ten cases defined as lower UTIs with no specific clinical manifestations had normal or slightly elevated leukocyte counts and procalcitonin (PCT) levels, and normal C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. One child diagnosed upper UTIs accompanied with fever, high level of leukocyte counts, CRP, and PCT. The M. morganii presented 100% susceptibility to aztreonam, ertapenem, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and cefoperazone/sulbactam. Almost all patients had good responses to third‐generation cephalosporins antibiotic therapy.ConclusionClinical vigilance for the possibility of M. morganii in pediatric UTIs in combination with underlying disease or immunosuppression is warranted. Treatment strategies should be proposed according to the clinical condition and the antibiotic susceptibility results.
Things come in threes: A new complex allele and a novel deletion within the CFTR gene complicate an accurate diagnosis of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Persico Ilaria , Feresin Agnese , Faleschini Michela , Fontana Giorgia , Sirchia Fabio , Faletra Flavio , La Bianca Martina , Suergiu Sarah , Morgutti Marcello , Maschio Massimo , D'Adamo Adamo Pio , Raraigh Karen S. , Savoia Anna , Bottega Roberta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite consolidated guidelines, the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is still challenging mainly because of the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity and the high number of CFTR variants, including their combinations as complex alleles.ResultsWe report a family with a complicated syndromic phenotype, which led to the suspicion not only of CF, but of a dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia (SD). Whereas the molecular basis of the SD was not clarified, segregation analysis was central to make a correct molecular diagnosis of CF, as it allowed to identify three CFTR variants encompassing two known maternal mutations and a novel paternal microdeletion.ConclusionThis case well illustrates possible pitfalls in the clinical and molecular diagnosis of CF; presence of complex phenotypes deflecting clinicians from appropriate CF recognition, and/or identification of two mutations assumed to be in trans but with an unconfirmed status, which underline the importance of an in‐depth molecular CFTR analysis.