bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D aneurysm wall enhancement is associated with symptomatic presentation
Authors: Raghuram Ashrita , Sanchez Sebastian , Wendt Linder , Cochran Steven , Ishii Daizo , Osorno Carlos , Bathla Girish , Koscik Timothy R , Torner James , Hasan David , Samaniego Edgar A 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) is a potential surrogate biomarker for aneurysm instability. Previous studies have assessed AWE using 2D multiplanar methods, most of which were conducted qualitatively.ObjectiveTo use a new quantitative tool to analyze a large cohort of saccular aneurysms with 3D-AWE mapsMethodsSaccular aneurysms were imaged prospectively with 3T high resolution MRI. 3D-AWE maps of symptomatic (defined as ruptured or presentation with sentinel headache/cranial nerve neuropathy) and asymptomatic aneurysms were created by extending orthogonal probes from the aneurysm lumen into the wall. Three metrics were used to characterize enhancement: 3D circumferential AWE (3D-CAWE), aneurysm-specific contrast uptake (SAWE), and focal AWE (FAWE). Aneurysms with a circumferential AWE higher than the corpus callosum (3D-CAWE ≥1) were classified as 3D-CAWE+. Symptomatic presentation was analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic models. Aneurysm size, size ratio, aspect ratio, irregular morphology, and PHASES and ELAPSS scores were compared with the new AWE metrics. Bleb and microhemorrhage analyses were also performed.ResultsNinety-three aneurysms were analyzed. 3D-CAWE, SAWE, and FAWE were associated with symptomatic status (OR=1.34, 1.25, and 1.08, respectively). A multivariate model including aneurysm size, 3D-CAWE+, age, female gender, and FAWE detected symptomatic status with 80% specificity and 90% sensitivity (area under the curve=0.914, =0.967). FAWE was also associated with irregular morphology and high-risk location (p=0.043 and p=0.001, respectively). In general, blebs enhanced 56% more than the aneurysm body. Areas of microhemorrhage co-localized with areas of increased SAWE (p=0.047).Conclusions3D-AWE mapping provides a new set of metrics that could potentially improve the identification of symptomatic aneurysms.
Immune complex–driven neutrophil activation and BAFF release: a link to B cell responses in SLE
Authors: Wang Ting , Vasconcellos Andrew , Marken John , Skopelja-Gardner Sladjana , Lood Christian , Giltiay Natalia V 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe role of neutrophils in driving pathogenic B cell responses in SLE is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the link between immune complex (IC)–driven neutrophil activation, the release of B cell pro-survival factor BAFF and B cell activation using SLE clinical samples.MethodsBAFF levels were analysed in serum samples from patients with SLE (n=60) and healthy controls (HCs, n=20) by ELISA and correlated with markers of neutrophil activation and circulating IC levels. Neutrophils were stimulated with RNP/IgG ICs and neutrophil activation, the release of BAFF, and neutrophil-mediated B cell responses were studied in vitro.ResultsLevels of BAFF in patients with SLE were associated with markers of disease activity, including anti-dsDNA antibody titres (r=0.33, p<0.05), serum C3 levels (r=−0.57, p<0.001) and levels of circulating ICs (r=0.39, p<0.05). Stimulation of neutrophils from healthy individuals with RNP-ICs in vitro induced the release of BAFF (p<0.05), concomitant with formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (p<0.05). In culture, neutrophils promoted B cell survival (p<0.05), proliferation (p<0.05) and CD27hiCD38hiplasmablast differentiation.ConclusionsOur results support a new mechanism by which ICs, on NET formation, induce the release of B cell pro-survival factor BAFF by neutrophils. Furthermore, neutrophils directly promoted B cell activation and cell differentiation. Targeting neutrophil–B cell interactions can be further explored as an approach for inhibiting pathogenic B cell responses in SLE.
Why is expository writing so undervalued---and what to do about it
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: July 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Expository (non-fiction) writing is the kind of writing most people do in their jobs and elsewhere. Yet the importance of good expository writing is generally underrated, often severely so. This Communication Corner essay explores why undervaluing expository writing is so costly and detrimental, and what might be done about it.
Zallocator: A High Throughput Write-Optimized Persistent Allocator for Non-Volatile Memory
Authors: Wu You , Li Lin 
Published: July 2022

Non-volatile main memory (NVRAM) is likely to break the bottleneck caused by data transferring between main memory and extern storage, and fundamentally change the way applications do data persistence. We can build persistent data structures directly on NVRAM. To do this correctly and efficiently, we need the support of persistent allocators guaranteeing failure-consistency.
However, existing persistent allocators pay huge persistence overhead for failure-consistency. In this article, we present Zallocator, a write-optimized failure-consistency allocator for NVRAM. Zallocator hardly brings write operations to NVRAM. It keeps all the heap management metadata in DRAM, and rebuild them after a crash. Experimental results show that Zallocator achieves a throughput comparable to state-of-the-art transient allocators, and reduces the average number of NVRAM writes per allocation/deallocation to almost zero.
Geospatial Immune Heterogeneity Reflects the Diverse Tumor–Immune Interactions in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Youpei , Peng Lihua , Dong Liangqing , Liu Dongbing , Ma Jiaqiang , Lin Jian , Chen Xiaofang , Lin Penghui , Song Guohe , Zhang Mao , Liu Yuming , Rao Junhua , Wei Chen , Lu Ye , Zhang Shu , Ding Guangyu , Peng Zhenyu , Lu Haorong , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Wu Kui , Gao Qiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) exhibits extensive intratumoral heterogeneity and an extremely high mortality rate. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, and multiplexed immunofluorescence on 207 tumor regions from 45 patients with iCCA. Over half of iCCA displayed intratumoral heterogeneity of immune infiltration, and iCCA were classified into sparsely, heterogeneously, and highly infiltrated subgroups with distinct immunogenomic characteristics. Sparsely infiltrated tumors displayed active copy-number loss of clonal neoantigens, and heterogeneous immune infiltration played an important role in the subclonal evolution across tumor subregions. Highly infiltrated tumors were characterized by extensive immune activation and a similar TCR repertoire across tumor subregions, but counteracted with T-cell exhaustion and pervasive antigen presentation defects. Notably, FGFR2 mutations and fusions correlated with low mutation burden and reduced immune infiltration. Our work delineated the dynamic tumor–immune interactions and developed a robust classification system to divide patients with iCCA into high and low immune evasion groups with different prognoses.

Significance:
This study elucidates the impact of spatial immune heterogeneity upon tumor evolution of iCCA and reveals distinct immune evasion mechanisms developed in different immune microenvironments, which can be exploited for the development of personalized immunotherapy strategies.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221
Hemodynamic Effects of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Dependent Signaling Through β3 Adrenoceptor Stimulation in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: A Randomized Invasive Clinical Trial
Authors: Bundgaard Henning , Axelsson Raja Anna , Iversen Kasper , Valeur Nana , Tønder Niels , Schou Morten , Christensen Alex Hørby , Bruun Niels Eske , Søholm Helle , Ghanizada Muzhda , Fry Natasha A.S. , Hamilton Elisha J. , Boesgaard Søren , Møller Mathias B. , Wolsk Emil , Rossing Kasper , Køber Lars , Rasmussen Helge H. , Vissing Christoffer Rasmus 
Published: July 2022

Background:
β3-AR (β3-adrenergic receptor) stimulation improved systolic function in a sheep model of systolic heart failure (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF]). Exploratory findings in patients with New York Heart Association functional class II HFrEF treated with the β3-AR-agonist mirabegron supported this observation. Here, we measured the hemodynamic response to mirabegron in patients with severe HFrEF.

Methods:
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial we assigned patients with New York Heart Association functional class III–IV HFrEF, left ventricular ejection fraction <35% and increased NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) levels to receive mirabegron (300 mg daily) or placebo orally for a week, as add on to recommended HF therapy. Invasive hemodynamic measurements during rest and submaximal exercise at baseline, 3 hours after first study dose and repeated after 1 week’s treatment were obtained. Predefined parameters for analyses were changes in cardiac- and stroke volume index, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Results:

We randomized 22 patients (age 66±11 years, 18 men, 16, New York Heart Association functional class III), left ventricular ejection fraction 20±7%, median NT-proBNP 1953 ng/L. No significant changes were seen after 3 hours, but after 1 week, there was a significantly larger increase in cardiac index in the mirabegron group compared with the placebo group (mean difference, 0.41 [CI, 0.07–0.75] L/min/BSA;
P
=0.039). Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly more in the mirabegron group compared with the placebo group (−1.6 [CI, −0.4 to −2.8] Wood units;
P
=0.02). No significant differences were seen during exercise. There were no differences in changes in heart rate, systemic vascular resistance, blood pressure, or renal function between groups. Mirabegron was well-tolerated.

Conclusions:
Oral treatment with the β3-AR-agonist mirabegron for 1 week increased cardiac index and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with moderate to severe HFrEF. Mirabegron may be useful in patients with worsening or terminal HF.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: 2016-002367-34.
Candesartan Cilexetil Attenuates Arrhythmogenicity Following Pressure Overload in Rats via the Modulation of Cardiac Electrical and Structural Remodeling and Calcium Handling Dysfunction
Authors: Chang Gwo‐Jyh , Yeh Yung‐Hsin , Chen Wei‐Jan , Ko Yu‐Shien , Lai Ying‐Ju , Lee Yun‐Shien 
Published: July 2022

Background
Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with abnormal electrophysiology and increased arrhythmia risk. This study assessed whether candesartan cilexetil, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, could suppress arrhythmogenecity by attenuating cardiac electrical remodeling and calcium mishandling in rats with pressure‐overload hypertrophy.

Methods and Results
Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly subjected to abdominal aorta banding or sham procedure and received either candesartan cilexetil (3.0 mg/kg per day) or vehicle by gavage for 5 weeks. Pressure overload was characterized by compensated left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and fibrosis, increased LV pressure and its decay time, and prolonged corrected QT interval, all of which were attenuated by candesartan cilexetil treatment. Candesartan cilexetil–treated banded rat hearts displayed shorter QT intervals and lower vulnerability to atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias than vehicle‐treated banded hearts. Candesartan cilexetil prevented banding‐induced prolonged action potential duration and reduced the occurrence of triggered activity in LV papillary muscles. In addition, the prolonged time to 50% cell relengthening and calcium transient decay time were normalized in LV myocytes from candesartan cilexetil–treated banded rats, along with a normalization of decreased SERCA2a (sarco[endo]plasmic reticulum calcium‐ATPase) expression in LV tissues. Furthermore, candesartan cilexetil normalized depressed transient outward potassium current densities and protein and mRNA levels of both voltage‐gated potassium 4.2 and 4.3 channel subunits (Kv4.2 and Kv4.3) in banded rats.

Conclusions
Candesartan cilexetil protects the heart from pressure overload‐induced adverse electrical remodeling by preserving potassium channel densities. In addition, calcium handling and its molecular regulation also improved after treatment. These beneficial effects may contribute to a lower susceptibility to arrhythmias in hearts from candesartan cilexetil–treated pressure‐overloaded rats.
Association of High‐Sensitivity Troponin T and I Blood Concentrations With All‐Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcome in Stable Patients—Results From the INTERCATH Cohort
Authors: Bay Benjamin , Goßling Alina , Blaum Christopher M. , Kroeger Friederike , Koppe Luise , Lorenz Thiess , Koester Lukas , Clemmensen Peter , Westermann Dirk , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Zeller Tanja , Seiffert Moritz , Waldeyer Christoph , Brunner Fabian J. 
Published: July 2022

Background
The association between high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and high‐sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) and outcome when adjusted for confounders including the angiographical severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains largely unknown. We therefore aimed to explore whether hsTnT and hsTnI blood levels increase with CAD severity and add independent predictive information for future major adverse cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality in stable patients.

Methods and Results

Patients from the INTERCATH cohort with available coronary angiography and hsTnT and hsTnI concentrations were included. Troponin concentrations were quantified via hsTnT (Roche Elecsys) and hsTnI (Abbott ARCHITECT STAT). To investigate the association of hsTnT and hsTnI with outcome, a multivariable analysis adjusting for classical cardiovascular risk factors, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein), NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide), and Gensini score was carried out. Of 1829 patients, 27.9% were women, and the mean age was 68.6±10.9 years. Troponin blood concentrations were higher in patients with diagnosed CAD compared with those without. Using a linear regression model current smoking, arterial hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs‐CRP, NT‐proBNP, and CAD severity as graded by the Gensini and SYNTAX scores were associated with high‐sensitivity troponin levels. Patients were followed for 4.4 years (25th and 75th percentiles: 4.3, 4.4). After multivariable adjustment, all‐cause mortality was predicted by hsTnT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.7 [95% CI, 1.5–2.2],
P
<0.001) as well as hsTnI (HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2–1.8],
P
<0.001). However, only hsTnI (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0–1.4],
P
=0.032) remained as an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events after adjusting for most possible confounders, including CAD severity (hsTnT: HR, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.9–1.2],
P
=0.95).

Conclusions
After adjusting for classical cardiovascular risk factors, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs‐CRP, NT‐proBNP, and CAD severity, hsTnT and hsTnI were independently associated with all‐cause mortality, but only hsTnI was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in stable patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT04936438.
Rural Residence and Antihypertensive Medication Use in US Stroke Survivors
Authors: Tran Phoebe M. , Tran Lam T. , Zhu Cenjing , Chang Tiffany , Powers Inna P. , Goldstein Larry B. , Lichtman Judith H. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Relatively greater increases in hypertension prevalence among US rural residents may contribute to geographic disparities in recurrent stroke. There is limited US information on poststroke antihypertensive medication use by rural/urban residence. We assessed antihypertensive use and lifestyle characteristics for US rural compared with urban stroke survivors and residence‐based trends in use between 2005 and 2019.

Methods and Results

US stroke survivors with hypertension were identified in the 2005 to 2019 national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. We ascertained the survey‐weighted prevalence of reported antihypertensive use and lifestyle characteristics (ie, physical activity, diabetes, cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking) among respondents with hypertension in odd years over this period by rural/urban residence. Separate trend analyses were used to detect changes in use over time. Survey‐weighted logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted (sociodemographic and lifestyle factors) odds ratios for antihypertensive use by year. Our study included 82 175 individuals (36.4% rural residents). Lifestyle characteristics were similar between rural and urban residents except for higher smoking prevalence among rural residents. Antihypertensive use was similar between rural and urban stroke survivors in unadjusted and adjusted analyses (>90% in both populations). Trend analyses showed a small but significant increase in antihypertensive use over time among urban (
P
=0.033) but not rural stroke survivors (
P
=0.587).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that poststroke antihypertensive use is comparable in rural and urban residents with a reported history of hypertension, but additional work is merited to identify reasons for a trend for increased use of these drugs among urban residents.
Investigating the Effect of Jo-Ha-Kyū on Music Tempos and Kinematics across Cultures: Animation Design for 3D Characters Using Japanese Bunraku Theater
Authors: Dong Ran , Cai Dongsheng , Hayano Shingo , Nakagawa Shinobu , Ikuno Soichiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Bunraku theater is a traditional Japanese performing art. Bunraku puppeteering can invoke deep unconscious affective reactions from the audience, overcoming what is known as the uncanny valley effect. The authors analyze Bunraku plays, showing that the music tempo and puppet movements follow the Jo-Ha-Kyū principle, which refers to recursive and fractal artistic modulations such as changes of tempo and rhythm breaks. The authors then illustrate the difference between Bunraku and European dance and finally propose the application of Jo-Ha-Kyū in character animation design.
It ain’t easy being orange: lizard colour morphs occupying highly vegetated microhabitats suffer greater ectoparasitism
Authors: BeVier Graham T. , Ayton Cole , Brock Kinsey M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Intraspecific colour morphs usually differ in more traits than just colour. These traits can manifest as differences in morph physiology, behaviour, and ecology. Ecological differences among colour morphs, such as the degree of parasitism, can influence the evolution, maintenance, and loss of morphs from populations. High ectoparasite load can directly and deleteriously impact host fitness, and thus could influence colour morph persistence in populations if certain morphs are more frequently exposed to parasites or are more susceptible to parasitism. The Aegean wall lizard, Podarcis erhardii, is a colour polymorphic island lizard that is parasitized externally by ticks and mites. These ectoparasites can affect aspects of host lizard behaviour and physiology – including thermoregulation and body mass – and therefore are an important factor influencing the ecology and fitness of P. erhardii. We find that among sympatric colour morphs, ectoparasite loads differ; namely, monochromatic orange morphs have the highest numbers of ectoparasites, and in general, morphs with orange alleles (orange, orange-white, and orange-yellow) are more heavily parasitized by ticks and mites than the other morphs. Our results indicate that morphs with orange alleles tend to occupy microhabitats with significantly more vegetation cover and thus may increase their exposure to ticks and mites. Ecological differences between morphs could be an important factor contributing to demonstrated patterns of orange morph rarity and loss in P. erhardii populations.
Quality of perinatal care for women with high-risk pregnancies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Solmaz , Shojaei Kobra , Maraghi Elham , Motaghi Zahra 
Published: July 2022

Background COVID-19 has had a catastrophic effect on the healthcare system. Healthcare quality assessment measures the difference between expected and actual performances to identify gaps in the healthcare system. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of perinatal care for women with high-risk pregnancies (HPR) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 450 women with HPR from health centers in Ahvaz, Iran, from December 2020 to May 2021, using a multi-stage sampling method. Quality of care was assessed using an observational checklist adapted from Ministry of Health guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive and statistical methods. Results The quality of the assessed aspect in comprehensive health centers and in peripartum, perinatal, and postpartum wards was moderate. The overall score for peripartum care was significantly positively correlated with the length of the retraining period, and the quality of perinatal care was significantly related to the proportion of elective cesarean sections and preterm delivery. Conclusion The development of care practices in health centers in Iran should focus on education and counseling. Practices in peripartum wards should emphasize the use of partographs, physical/mental support, and privacy for mothers, while perinatal wards should focus on timely counseling.
Association Between Dietary Quality Indices and Atherosclerosis Risk: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Samadani Mahsa , Mansoori Anahita , Haybar Habib , Haidari Fatemeh , Mohammadshahi Majid 
Published: July 2022

Background: Several diet quality scores have been developed to evaluate the health benefits of individual diets such as Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diet score (Med). This study aims to determine the relationship between dominant dietary health scores with the risk of atherosclerosis in Iranian adults. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 323 patients with atherosclerosis and 334 individuals without atherosclerosis as control group. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for obtaining dietary intakes; then HEI, DASH score, and Med score was calculated. Logistic regression models were used to calculate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) between quartiles of the HEI, DASH and Med and atherosclerosis risk. Results: The results showed that total scores for HEI, DASH, and Med in control group was higher than the atherosclerosis group. The results also indicated that higher adherence to HEI (OR: 0.43; CI: [0.24, 0.76], P-trend = .006), DASH (OR: 0.48; CI: [0.3, 0.78], P-trend = .003), and Mediterranean pattern (OR: 0.4; CI: [0.21, 0.76]) decreased odds ratio of atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adherence to HEI, DASH, and Mediterranean diet might be associated with a lower risk of Atherosclerosis and can have a positive effect on general health and prevention of chronic diseases in people.