bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the disk-jet connection in NGC 315
Authors: Ricci L. , Boccardi B. , Nokhrina E. , Perucho M. , MacDonald N. , Mattia G. , Grandi P. , Madika E. , Krichbaum T. P. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: July 2022

Aims. Hot accretion flows are thought to be able to power the relativistic jets observed in active galactic nuclei. They can be presented as standard and normal evolution (SANE) disks or magnetically arrested disks (MAD) – two states that imply profound differences in the physical properties of the disks themselves and the outflows they produce.
Methods. We used a multifrequency and multiepoch data set to study the giant radio galaxy NGC 315, with the goal of exploring the properties of its accretion disk and sub-parsec jet. We analyzed the source maps with a pixel-based analysis and we used theoretical models to link the observational properties of the jet to the physical state of the accretion disk.
Results. We propose that the bulk flow in NGC 315 accelerates on sub-pc scales, concurrently with the parabolic expansion. We show that this fast acceleration can be theoretically reconciled with a magnetically driven acceleration. Along the acceleration and collimation zone, we observe an unexpected spectral behavior, with very steep spectral index values α ∼ −1.5 (Sν ∝ να) between 22 GHz and 43 GHz. Based on the properties of this region, we predict the black hole of NGC 315 to be rotating fast and the magnetic flux threading the accretion disk to be in excellent agreement with that expected in the case of a MAD. Using a new formalism based on the core shift effect, we modeled the magnetic field downstream a quasi-parabolic accelerating jet and we reconstructed it up to the event horizon radius. In the MAD scenario, we compared it with the expected magnetic saturation strengths in the disk, finding a good agreement.
Probing the innermost region of the AU Microscopii debris disc
Authors: Gallenne A. , Desgrange C. , Milli J. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Chauvin G. , Kraus S. , Girard J. H. , Boccaletti A. 
Published: July 2022

Context. AU Mic is a young and nearby M-dwarf star harbouring a circumstellar debris disc and one recently discovered planet on an eight-day orbit. Large-scale structures within the disc were also discovered and are moving outwards at high velocity.
Aims. We aim to study this system with the highest spatial resolution in order to probe the innermost regions and to search for additional low-mass companions or set detection limits.
Methods. The star was observed with two different high-angular resolution techniques probing complementary spatial scales. We obtained new Ks-band sparse aperture masking observations with VLT/SPHERE, which we combined with data from VLT/NACO, VLTI/PIONIER and VLTI/GRAVITY.
Results. We did not detect additional close companions within the separation range 0.02–7 au from the parent star. We determined magnitude upper limits for companions of H ~ 9.8 mag within 0.02-0.5 au, Ks ~ 11.2 mag within 0.4–2.4 au, and L ~ 10.7 mag within 0.7–7 au. Using theoretical isochrones, we converted these magnitudes into upper limits on the mass of ~17 Mjup, ~12 Mjup, and ~9 Mjup, respectively. The PIONIER observations also allowed us to determine the angular diameter of AU Mic, θLD = 0.825 ± 0.033stat ± 0.038sys mas, which converts to a linear radius R = 0.862 ± 0.052 R⊙ when combined with the Gaia parallax.
Conclusions. We did not detect the newly discovered planets orbiting AU Mic (M < 0.2 Mjup), but we derived upper limit masses for the innermost region of AU Mic. We do not have any detection with a significance beyond 3σ, the most significant signal with PIONIER being 2.9σ and that with SPHERE being 1.6σ. We applied the pyMESS2 code to estimate the detection probability of companions by combining radial velocities, multi-band SPHERE imaging, and our interferometric detection maps. We show that 99% of the companions down to ~0.5 Mjup can be detected within 0.02 au or 1 Mjup down to 0.2 au. The low-mass planets orbiting at ≲0.11 au (≲11 mas) from the star will not be directly detectable with the current adaptive optics (AO) and interferometric instruments because of its close orbit and very high contrast (~10−10 K). It will also be below the angular resolution and contrast limit of the next Extremely Large Telescope Infrared (ELT IR) imaging instruments.
Maximal Aerobic Power Using the Modified Heck Protocol: Prediction
Models
Authors: Parpa Koulla , Michaelides Marcos A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop prediction models based on an
incremental treadmill test to volitional exhaustion utilizing the modified Heck
protocol. A total of 598 professional and youth athletes participating in
different sports were recruited for this study. Specifically, the study enrolled
professional male soccer players (n=380), professional male futsal
players (n=24), elite male basketball players (n=27),
professional male soccer referees (n=50), elite female soccer players
(n=19), youth male basketball players (13–14 yrs
n=15, 15–17 yrs n=20) and youth male soccer
players (15 yrs n=28, 16–17 yrs n=35).
Anthropometric measurements included stature, body mass, and body fat.
Furthermore, all participants performed incremental cardiopulmonary exercise
testing on a treadmill using the modified Heck protocol. Through multiple
regression analysis, a separate prediction model was developed for each of the
athletic populations. Results demonstrated that a significant (p=0.001)
proportion of the variation observed in VO2max was explained by the
variation in running time. The generated VO2max regression equations
would allow athletes and coaches to predict VO2max in a relatively
short time without the need for expensive and sophisticated equipment. To our
knowledge, this is the first study that provides regression models for different
athletic populations using the modified Heck protocol.
Effects of Flat and Uphill Cycling on the Power-duration Relationship
Authors: Hovorka Matthias , Leo Peter , Simon Dieter , Prinz Bernhard , Nimmerichter Alfred 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flat and uphill cycling on critical power and the work available above critical power. Thirteen well-trained endurance athletes performed three prediction trials of 10-, 4- and 1-min in both flat (0.6%) and uphill (9.8%) cycling conditions on two separate days. Critical power and the work available above critical power were estimated using various mathematical models. The best individual fit was used for further statistical analyses. Paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement were applied to compare power output and parameter estimates between cycling conditions. Power output during the 10- and 4-min prediction trial and power output at critical power were not significantly affected by test conditions (all at p>0.05), but the limits of agreement between flat and uphill cycling power output and critical power estimates are too large to consider both conditions as equivalent. However, power output during the 1-min prediction trial and the work available above critical power were significantly higher during uphill compared to flat cycling (p<0.05). The results of this investigation indicate that gradient affects cycling time-trial performance, power output at critical power, and the amount of work available above critical power.
Implementation of CDK4/6 Inhibitors and its Influence on the Treatment Landscape of Advanced Breast Cancer Patients – Data from the Real-World Registry PRAEGNANT
Authors: Engler Tobias , Fasching Peter A. , Lüftner Diana , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Häberle Lothar , Ettl Johannes , Wallwiener Markus , Beckmann Matthias W. , Hein Alexander , Belleville Erik , Uhrig Sabrina , Wimberger Pauline , Hielscher Carsten , Kurbacher Christian M. , Wuerstlein Rachel , Untch Michael , Taran Florin-Andrei , Enzinger Hans-Martin , Krabisch Petra , Welslau Manfred , Maasberg Michael , Hempel Dirk , Lux Michael P. , Michel Laura L. , Janni Wolfgang , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Fehm Tanja N. , Schneeweiss Andreas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Comprehensive data from prospective clinical trials have led to a high level of evidence establishing CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine treatment (CDK4/6i +
ET) as a standard for the treatment of HER2-negative, hormone receptor-positive (HER2− HR+) breast cancer patients in the first-line advanced therapy setting. Data on patient populations
that have been treated in the real-world setting may provide an insight into changes of patient characteristics and prognosis over time.
Methods The data were extracted from the prospective real-world registry PRAEGNANT (NCT02338167). Patients had to have HER2− HR+ advanced breast cancer in the first-line metastatic
setting. The chosen therapies were described as well as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in relation to the given therapies and time periods during which they were
indicated.
Results CDK4/6 inhibitors have been rapidly implemented since their introduction in November 2016. In recent years (2018 – 2022), about 70 – 80% of the patient population have been
treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors, while endocrine monotherapy was given to about 10% and chemotherapy to about 15% of all patients. The prognosis was worst in patients treated with
chemotherapy. Recently, mainly patients with a good prognosis are being treated with endocrine monotherapy, and patients who are treated with chemotherapy have an unfavorable prognosis. The
PFS and OS of patients treated with CDK4/6i + ET have remained similar over time despite changes in patient characteristics.
Conclusion A treatment with CDK4/6i + ET has rapidly become the therapy standard for patients in the first-line advanced breast cancer setting. After the implementation of CDK4/6i +
ET, endocrine monotherapy is only given to patients with a very favorable prognosis, while chemotherapy is provided to patients with a rather unfavorable prognosis. These changes in patient
characteristics did not seem to influence the prognosis of patients treated with CDK4/6i + ET.
Small-sized versus standard magnetic capsule endoscopy in adults: a two-center, double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Xi , Qiu Xiao-Ou , Li Zhen , Pan Jun , Peng Cheng , Zuo Xiu-Li , Liao Zhuan , Li Zhao-Shen 
Published: July 2022

Background Certain patients experience difficulty swallowing a video capsule endoscopy (VCE) device owing to its relatively large size. The newly developed small-sized magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) device is the smallest VCE device ever reported. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the small-sized MCE device in terms of ingestion and examination efficacy.
Methods Patients in two centers were prospectively enrolled and randomized to the small-sized or standard MCE groups. Differences in capsule ingestion difficulties, visualization of the gastrointestinal tract, and capsule transit times were compared.
Results 96 patients were enrolled (48 in each group). In the small-sized MCE group, the mean (SD) difficulty score and time to swallow the capsule, and success rate for swallowing the capsule at the first attempt were 0.6 (1.0), 3.4 (1.3) seconds, and 89.6 %, which was significant better compared with the standard MCE group with 3.1 (1.7), 12.0 (14.3) seconds and 60.4 %, respectively (all P < 0.001). Visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and small bowel were comparable between the two groups. The small-sized MCE group had a significantly shorter gastric transit time (49.4 minutes vs. 66.2 minutes; P = 0.04) and longer small-bowel transit time (5.8 hours vs. 5.0 hours; P = 0.045).
Conclusions The small-sized MCE device is feasible and safe for gastrointestinal examination, alleviating difficulties in capsule ingestion, improving gastric emptying under magnetic control, and prolonging the small-bowel transit time.
Light-Driven Palladium-Radical Hybrid Species: Mechanistic Aspects and Recent Examples
Authors: Jardim Guilherme A. M. , Paixão Márcio W. , Ferreira Marco A. B. , Dantas Juliana A. , Barboza Amanda A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVisible-light-induced palladium-mediated reactions have become a novel and promising field in organic synthesis. This photocatalytic arsenal presents complementary features towards traditional Pd chemistry, allowing the achievement of new and unique reactivities by the generation of versatile Pd-radical hybrid species. These putative intermediates can be produced by direct excitation of Pd complexes, together with organic radical precursors. This review aims at describing recent advances regarding the combination of Pd-based photocatalytic manifolds and radical generation in the functionalization of important motifs in synthetic chemistry, encompassing detailed mechanistic descriptions and relevant examples.1	Introduction2	Homolytic Cleavage of C–X Bonds3	Cyclizations, Desaturations and Atom Transfer Reactions4	Homolytic Cleavage of N–O Bonds5	Generation through Diazo Compounds6	Generation of Acyl Radicals7	Generation of Ketyl Radicals8	Conclusions
Facile Synthesis of Benzo[c]chromen-6-ones via Base-Promoted Reaction of 4-Chloro-3-formylcoumarin and α,α-Dicyanoolefins
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Farajpour Behnaz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, a chemoselective protocol for the facile and efficient synthesis of substituted benzo[c]chromen-6-ones is presented. The reaction took place under green and mild conditions with group-assisted purification (GAP) by using inexpensive and readily available precursors.
Effectiveness of Different Antimicrobial Agents on Malodor Prevention in Two-Stage Dental Implants: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Rismanchian Mansour , Dezaki Sara Nasrollahi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective Opening of a healing abutment in two-stage implant systems is usually followed by a bad smell. Previous studies have found that presence of bacteria in microleakages of the implant-abutment interface results in further malodor. However, studies focusing on preventive treatments for this issue are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two antimicrobial agents on prevention of malodor followed by opening the healing abutments.
Materials and Methods Current double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed on 51 eligible patients who were referred for their exposure surgery. They were divided equally into three parallel groups. In two groups, either chlorhexidine or tetracycline was added to the internal surface of the fixtures before screwing the healing abutments. One group did not receive any intervention. Three to 4 weeks later malodor was scored by sniffing the healing abutments immediately after uncovering them (odorless = 0/odor = 1). The three groups were then compared regarding malodor scores.
Results Our findings showed that malodor was more frequent in the control group (58.82%) in comparison with groups of intervention (17.65 and 23.53%). There was a statistically significant difference between malodor in patients in whom antimicrobial agents (chlorhexidine and tetracycline) were used in their implants and the control group (p-value = 0.023). However, malodor in the chlorhexidine group and tetracycline group did not show any significant difference (p-value = 1).
Conclusion Based upon the data from this study, it appears that local antimicrobial agents including chlorhexidine and tetracycline result in less malodor production within the implant-abutment interface.
Clinical Significance A specific type of malodor is commonly seen after opening the healing abutment of a two-stage dental implant. Not only this issue is noticed by the dentist, but also annoyed the patient. Using local antimicrobial agents in the fixtures is likely to be a simple, easily applicable solution that satisfies both patients and dentists, and eliminates the possibility of further inflammation.
Anatomical and Clinical Concepts in Distal Radius Volar Ulnar Corner fractures
Authors: Chiri Wael , MacLean Simon BM , Clarnette Jock , Eardley-Harris Nathan , White John , Bain Gregory I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Volar ulnar corner fractures are a subset of distal radius fractures that can have disastrous complications if not appreciated, recognized, and appropriately managed. The volar ulnar corner of the distal radius is the “critical corner” between the radial calcar, distal ulna, and carpus and is responsible for maintaining stability while transferring force from the carpus.
Description Force transmitted from the carpus to the radial diaphysis is via the radial calcar. A breach in this area of thickened cortex may result in the collapse of the critical corner. The watershed ridge (line) is clinically important in these injuries and must be appreciated during planning and fixation. Fractures distal to the watershed ridge create an added level of complexity and associated injuries must be managed. An osteoligamentous unit comprises bone–ligament–bone construct. Volar ulnar corner fractures represent a spectrum of osteoligamentous injuries each with their own associated injuries and management techniques. The force from the initial volar ulnar corner fracture can propagate along the volar rim resulting in an occult volar ligament injury, which is a larger zone of injury than appreciated on radiographs and computerized tomography scan. These lesions are often underestimated at the time of fixation, and for this reason, we refer to them as sleeper lesions. Unfortunately, they may become unmasked once the wrist is mobilized or loaded.
Conclusions Management requires careful planning due to a relatively high rate of complications after fixation. A systematic approach to plate positioning, utilizing several fixation techniques beyond the standard volar rim plate, and utilizing fluoroscopy and/or arthroscopy is the key strategy to assist with management. In this article, we take a different view of the volar ulnar corner anatomy, applied anatomy of the region, associated injuries, and management options.
The Effect of Salivary pH on the Flexural Strength and Surface Properties of CAD/CAM Denture Base Materials
Authors: Alzaid Maryam , AlToraibily Fatemah , Al-Qarni Faisal D. , Al-Thobity Ahmad M. , Akhtar Sultan , Ali Saqib , Al-Harbi Fahad A. , Gad Mohammed M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different salivary pH on flexural strength, hardness, and surface roughness of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled and three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture base resins.
Methods One heat-polymerized, two CAD/CAM milled (IvoCad, AvaDent), and two 3D-printed (FormLabs, NextDent) denture base resins were fabricated and divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the solutions: three groups were immersed in different salivary pH (5.7, 7.0, or 8.3), one group was immersed in distilled water (DW) as a positive control, and one group had no immersion (negative control). All immersions were performed at 37°C for 90 days. Flexural strength, hardness, and surface roughness were measured before and after immersion. Data was analyzed with analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
Results After immersion, all specimens had lower flexural strength values when compared with those with no immersion. Comparing the immersion groups, the highest flexural strength value (93.96 ± 3.18 MPa) was recorded with IvoCad after immersion in DW while the lowest value (60.43 ± 2.66 MPa) was recorded with NextDent after being immersed in 7.0 pH saliva. All specimens had significant decrease in hardness except IvoCad and AvaDent specimens where both presented the highest surface hardness (53.76 ± 1.60 Vickers hardness number [VHN]) after immersion in DW while NextDent showed the lowest hardness value (24.91 ± 2.13 VHN) after being immersed in 8.3 pH saliva. There was statistically significant difference between the baseline and different artificial salivary pH solutions in terms of surfaces roughness, with the highest surface roughness were found in 3D-printed resin materials.
Conclusion After exposure to artificial saliva with different salivary pH, the milled CAD/CAM denture base resins showed higher flexural strength, hardness, and lesser surface roughness than conventional and 3D-printed denture base resins.
Minimally Invasive Fixation with Dorsal Suspension Button and Volar Plate in Distal Radius Fractures with Dorsal Die Punch Fragments: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Miró José Ignacio , Bensi Alejo García , Rodríguez Gustavo Luis Gómez , Clembosky Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective The objective of the study is to analyze the clinical and radiological results obtained using a minimally invasive fixation technique with a volar locking plate and a suspension system with a dorsal button in distal articular radius fractures with dorsal comminution.
Materials and Methods Six patients with distal radius fractures, between 19 and 68 years of age, were included in the study. Mean follow-up was of 15 weeks. Range of motion (ROM) in flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, pronation, supination, the strength in kilograms, and values on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), and Mayo Wrist Score (MWS) scales were evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperative. Correction of anteroposterior diameter of the radius and concordance between postoperative anteroposterior diameter and the contralateral wrist diameter were evaluated radiologically.
Results The following mean values were obtained at 12 weeks postoperative: ROM in flexion: 40.5°, ROM in extension: 49.5°, ROM in radial deviation: 24.5°, ROM in ulnar deviation: 15°, ROM in pronation: 87°, ROM in supination: 89°, strength: 37.5 kg, pain in VAS scale: 2 points, DASH: 54.5 points, and MWS: 67.5 points. At 12 weeks postoperative, the mean correction of anteroposterior diameter was 0.49 mm. The anteroposterior diameter and that of the contralateral wrist were strongly correlated.
Conclusion Fixation with the volar locking plate and dorsal suspension button could be considered an alternative to dorsal plate fixation for treatment of distal radius fractures with comminution or associated dorsal die punch fragments.
Use of Continuous EEG Monitoring and Short-Term Outcomes in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Bozarth Xiuhua Liang , Ko Pin-Yi , Bao Hao , Abend Nicholas S. , Watson R Scott , Qu Pingping , Dervan Leslie A. , Morgan Lindsey A. , Wainwright Mark , McGuire John K. , Novotny Edward 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to compare short-term outcomes at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) discharge in critically ill children with and without continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring. We retrospectively compared 234 patients who underwent cEEG with 2294 patients without cEEG. Propensity score matching was used to compare patients with seizures and status epilepticus between cEEG and historical cohorts. The EEG cohort had higher in-hospital mortality, worse Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores, and greater PCPC decline at discharge. In patients with status epilepticus, the PCPC decline was higher in the cEEG cohort. PCPC decline at PICU discharge was associated with cEEG monitoring in patients with status epilepticus.