bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading edge cracking observed in WEST
Authors: Durif A , Richou M , Corre Y , Delommez C , Gunn J-P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One of the missions of the WEST tokamak is to test in a realistic tokamak environment, the ITER-like divertor plasma facing components made with tungsten. On exposed leading edges of monoblocks, poloidally-distributed cracks having an average spacing of 0.4 mm, running perpendicular to the cooling tube axis, were observed following the experimental campaigns in 2018. Damage may be induced by different processes which can lead to: brittle fracture below the Ductile to Brittle Transition temperature or ductile failure for which softening (recovery/recrystallization) process plays a major role. To improve our understanding about the leading edge damage process, numerical simulations were run here. The following results are specially studied: (i) the thermal gradients; (ii) the softening fraction gradient and (iii) the stress and strain distributions taking into account the mechanical properties of tungsten (elastic-viscoplastic) and the softening phenomenon. This paper describes the results obtained for a range of WEST steady state parallel heat flux (from 45 MW/ m2 to 70 MW/ m2 ) and disruption (600 MW/ m2 ) heat loading on the leading edge. Estimated results related to the plastic strain accumulation, give an interpretation of the premature cracking of the monoblock leading edge but do not explain the poloidal distribution. According to the numerical results, brittle fracture are expected under disruption as estimated normal stresses are beyond the material yield stress, along 88% of the leading edge.
Neutrino meets ultralight dark matter: 0νββ decay and cosmology
Authors: Huang Guo-yuan , Nath Newton 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We explore the neutrinoless double beta (0νββ)
decay induced by an ultralight dark matter field coupled to
neutrinos. The effect on 0νββ decay is significant if
the coupling violates the lepton number, for which the ΔL = 2
transition is directly driven by the dark matter field without
further suppression of small neutrino masses. As the ultralight
dark matter can be well described by a classical field, the effect
features a periodic modulation pattern in decay events. However, we
find that in the early Universe such coupling will be very likely to
alter the standard cosmological results. In particular, the
requirement of neutrino free-streaming before the matter-radiation
equality severely constrains the parameter space, such that the
future 0νββ decay experiments can hardly see any signal
even with a meV sensitivity to the effective neutrino mass.
Evidence of Quasi-periodic Oscillation in the Optical Band of the Blazar 1ES 1959+650
Authors: Dong Fu-Tong , Gai Ning , Tang Yanke , Wang Yi-Fan , Yi Ting-Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the optical monitoring data in the R band of TeV blazar 1ES 1959+650 from 2002 to 2018, and provided evidence of a quasi-periodic oscillation in this object. The light curve shows a stable and persistent periodicity at ∼540 days, detected by the Lomb–Scargle periodogram, Jurkevich and weighted wavelet z-transform techniques. The red noise power spectrum was estimated using the PSRESP method, and this period was found to be at >3σ significance level. There are also two possible periodicities at ∼268 and ∼1100 days detected by all three methods. However, their significance levels are relatively low, and thus these two periods cannot be verified by the present data. We discuss several possible physical models that could explain the periodic variability in this object.
Totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with particle annihilation
Authors: Mukherji Sutapa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The cargo transport in biological cells often happens under a crowded environment. Past experiments have revealed that cargoes have the ability to self-assemble by associating or dissociating multiple motor proteins, which can impede the forward motion of cargoes on biopolymeric tracks. Motivated by these processes, we study a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with possibilities of annihilation of particles. The model consists of a one-dimensional track on which two species of particles, one carrying cargoes and the other representing free motor proteins, hop obeying the exclusion principle. Further, the cargo carrying particle can annihilate the other species of particles occupying the forward site at a rate r

a
. The annihilation process causing particle non-conservation leads to a nonlinear coupling between the two species of particles. We show that this system undergoes boundary induced phase transitions in the state. Using the method of boundary-layer analysis, we find mean-field solutions for the average particle distribution profile across the lattice in the steady state. Analyzing these solutions and the phase portrait of the boundary-layer differential equation, we predict the phase diagram, which consists of a low-density, a high-density and a shock phase. We find that the shapes of the density profiles are affected differently in different phases by the annihilation process. The shapes of the density profiles in different phases agree qualitatively with results from numerical simulations.
Evaluation of Process Parameters on Treated Banana Peel Bioadsorbent for Heavy Metals Removal
Authors: Nur Aimi Nadhirah Z , Rabiatul Manisah M , Nabihah A , Norazlina H , Suhaila A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Heavy metals have previously been removed from aqueous media using activated carbon as an adsorbent but due to its high cost, researchers are working to develop low-cost adsorbents from agricultural products and by-products. In this research, fresh banana peels were utilised as raw materials, and they were subsequently carbonised using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method to generate an efficient hydrochar adsorbent with the participation of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Pure standard of Fe, Mn and Zn were used as the stock solution for the heavy metal ions removal. The catalysis of KOH with concentration ranging from 0% to 50% by weight were utilized as the reaction media. Parameters including the dosage, metal concentrations, contact time and pH value were carefully investigated. According to the results of concentrations of heavy metals before and after adsorption obtained from AAS, hydrochar produced in 30%wt KOH exhibit the most adsorption capacity and Zn removal exhibit the highest adsorption among all three metal ions used at 83% removal efficiency. The presence of a high number of oxygen functional groups (OFG) is confirmed by FTIR findings, that influence the adsorption reaction. As a result, chemically modified banana peels can be used as a low-cost alternative to other expensive adsorbents for heavy metal removal, and HTC could be a viable technique for producing low-cost adsorbents.
Surfactant membranes architecture and performance: Effect of HLB value and concentration of non-ionic surfactants
Authors: BadrulHaswan B , Hassan A R , Ali K , Redhwan A A M , Nasir A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses a pioneering work on the effect of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values and non-ionic surfactant concentrations on the performance, architecture i.e. morphology and molecular orientation of polyethersulfone/polyether glycol (PES/PEG 600) for surfactant membrane. PES surfactant membranes were developed through phase inversion fabrication technique with the addition of non-ionic surfactants Triton X-100 (TX100) and Tween 20 (T20) into the polymer solution during formulation. The results of the experimental data conducted showed that 2 wt% increase in the concentration of non -ionic surfactants resulted increased in pure water permeated (PWP) flux and salt solution flux. T20 at 3 wt%, the surfactant membrane reached an highest PWP level of around 1200.67 L/m2 × h while showing an highest flux obtained at 31,692 L/m2 x h. Analysis of membrane structure construction from the morphological results of 3 wt% TX100 membrane having lower HLB value yielded highest rejection at 99.7% and became a booster to produce fine membrane structure, subsequently producing high performance surfactant membrane.
Evaluation of Colchicine’s interaction with the ATP-binding region of mice NLRP3-NACHT domain using molecular docking and dynamics simulation
Authors: Lai Hien T. T. , Do Ha M. , Nguyen Toan T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of the role of NLRP3 in microbial infection in 2001, many studies have shown that NLRP3 play a key role in causing many mammal acute and chronic diseases. However, a full understanding of the mechanism of NLRP3 activation is still lacking. Our previous theoretical work and experimental evidence show the role of ATP in interacting with and activating the NATCH region of NLRP3. In this study, we continue to use bioinformatics and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to evaluate the competitive impact of the interaction the ligand ATP and colchicine (COL) with this NACHT protein. The later ligand is a medication to treat gout attacks. Our results show that COL bind stably to the ATP binding pocket of mice NACHT domain with high numbers of hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions, while hydrogen bond and electrostatic interactions are important types of contact for keeping ATP at its NACHT pocket. Our results assist in buildingin-silicoscreening model for natural compounds with pharmacological effects to NLRP3 similar to colchicine with few side effects. In addition, this work helps to better understand the balance between this inflammasome activation and inhibition, which will help in the improvement and development of new therapies for related diseases.
Experimental study on formation characteristics and influence of ice jam in melting period
Authors: Sun Yi , Gu Zhigang , Ma Jing , Yi Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ice problem widely exists in the north rivers, especially the ice disaster of the water elevation rise triggered by local ice jam in melting period caused by flowing ice. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the formation and influence of ice jam during the melting period. In this paper, the characteristics of ice flow in Yumenkou reach of the Middle Yellow River during the melting period is studied by laboratory physical model tests using paraffin as model ice. The results showed that: The formation of ice jam is controlled by flow rate and ice density during the melting period. When the flow rate is small and the density of flowing ice is high, there are enough ice cubes in a certain space who have enough time to combine with each other to form an ice jam. An ice jam is made up of at least two ice cubes stacked on top of each other vertically whose backwater influence is at least greater than the maximum height of one ice cube. An ice jam is more likely to form in the wider reaches of the river. The reason for that is, when the flow ice density reaches a certain level, the flow velocity is reduced more due to the wider river width, and the ice cubes are more likely to collide, squeeze and combine with each other, which are not easily transported by water with low flow intensity.
Numerical Simulation of Wake Flow Field in Pitch Motion of Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Huang Bo , Liu Zhongyan , Xu Yujing , Ding Qiaochu , You Guanjie , Pan Mengchun , Hu Jiafei , Zhang Qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The frequent pitching motion of underwater vehicle during the mission will produce a more complex hydrodynamic wake, which is important for the detection and tracking of underwater vehicles. In this paper, a numerical method is presented to simulate the wake field during the pitching motion of an underwater vehicle by combining the dynamic overset grid method. The evolution law of the wake field is analyzed based on the DARPA SUBOFF simplified model. The effects of underwater vehicle speed on the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy of the wake field and the effects of the longitudinal inclination of the underwater vehicle on the extent of the wake field are discussed.It is found that the wake velocity is positively correlated with the sailing speed of the underwater vehicle, the turbulent kinetic energy of the wake field is directly proportional to the 1.75 power of the sailing speed of the underwater vehicle, and the range of wake field is positively correlated with the pitch angle of underwater vehicle. The larger the pitch angle is, the larger the intensity and size of vortex formed in the flow field are, and the farther the vortex can propagate to the rear of underwater vehicle wake.
Study on array fish schools based on lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Xue Haotian , Xia Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to reveal the energy-saving mechanism in the process of fish swimming, an IB-LB model based on implicit boundary force correction is used to study the same-frequency swimming of the basic unit of the fish schools composed of 6 fish. Through research, it is found that lagging fish can absorb energy from the tail vortex of the fish in front, achieving the effect of energy saving, and the fish directly in front provide more energy than the fish in front of the side, but the overall energy loss of the fish schools is basically the fish alone swim the same.
Seasonal variations in dengue virus transmission suitability in the Americas
Authors: Morin Cory W , Sellers Samuel , Ebi Kristie L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is associated with significant morbidity across the tropics and sub-tropics. Here, we used a temperature-based model of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) and a temperature and humidity-based model for adult mosquito survival to explore the relationship between seasonal climate variability and DF in Brazil from 2014 to 2019. We found that municipalities with higher mosquito survival probabilities and shorter EIPs were more likely to be associated with DF case reports, but with significant intra-annual variability. A 0.012 or above probability of Aedes aegypti surviving the EIP was associated with a greater than 50% probability of DF being reported in the municipality. We extrapolated these results to the Americas using climate data over the last decade (2010–2019) to map the seasonal change in the range of areas suitable for dengue virus transmission and the magnitude of the population living in those areas. Areas near the Equator exhibited high suitability throughout the year whereas suitability in the subtropics and temperate regions varied seasonally, especially moving poleward. Strengthening our understanding of DF seasonality is essential to mitigating risks, particularly as the Americas experience the impacts of climate change.
Effectiveness of behavioural interventions to reduce household energy demand: a scoping review
Authors: Composto Jordana W , Weber Elke U 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a scoping review of behavioural interventions that target household energy demand. We evaluate 584 empirical papers that test the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention to change behaviour associated with household energy demand. The most studied behavioural tools are providing timely feedback and reminders and making information intuitive and easy to access, followed by (in order) communicating a norm, reframing consequences, making behaviour observable, obtaining a commitment, setting proper defaults, and transitions and habit disruption. The most studied demand-side behaviour is electricity use. There is high heterogeneity in effect sizes. We classified the target behaviours of each study as avoid, shift, or improve behaviours and find that avoid behaviours (in particular, reducing electricity usage) are the predominant focus of researchers. The effectiveness of interventions differs across avoid, shift, and improve responses and by the behavioural tool. Specifically, shifting behaviours are less effectively motivated than avoiding behaviours by using an information intervention but more effectively by using a norm intervention. We review the literature to provide further information about which behavioural tools are most effective for specific contexts. The effectiveness of most behavioural tools are augmented when they are used in the right combination with other tools. We recommend that researchers focus future work on high impact behaviours and the evaluation of synergistic combinations of behavioural interventions.
Spatial verification of a regional ensemble precipitation forecasting system at the Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation using a free verification package, MET
Authors: Bundel Anastasia , Astakhova Elena , Olkhovaya Elizaveta , Kirsanov Alexander , Alferov Dmitry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ensemble weather forecasting is a necessary tool for assessing the probabilities of weather events, alternative scenarios of their development, and forecast uncertainties. At the Hydrometeorological Research Center of the Russian Federation, a regional high-resolution ensemble system is under development with a grid mesh of 2.2 km for the central region of Russia. Consequently, developing a state-of-the-art ensemble verification system is of high priority. In this work, preliminary results of a high-resolution ensemble verification system are given for precipitation as an example. The system includes both standard probability scores and some novel spatial scores. A method for object-based diagnostic evaluation, MODE, is used as the main object-based approach. The system is based on a free verification package, METplus. Examples of scores are given.
Scatter imaging with super-memory effect based on adaptive β-parameter hybrid input-output algorithm-assisted estimation of point spread function
Authors: Cao Chaowei , Cui Guangmang , Zhao Jufeng , He Bintao , Zhu Liyao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is of great significance to realize the imaging of the target behind the scattering medium, which is often limited by the optical memory effect range. In this paper, a non-invasive super-memory effect scattering imaging method based on adaptive β-parameter hybrid input-output (APHIO) algorithm-assisted point spread function (PSF) estimation is proposed. An iterative algorithm APHIO is designed to use the speckle autocorrelation region to constrain the iterative region and optimize the value of the parameter β in the traditional HIO algorithm. Besides, the estimated PSF of the imaging system is combined with a new scanning method to better reconstruct the target object with super-memory effect range. The results show that the APHIO algorithm has the characteristics of faster convergence and more stable reconstruction quality than the traditional HIO algorithm. The overall imaging framework has a good performance in the reconstruction efficiency of the target with super-memory effect range.
“Never Trust the Skin”: A Rationale for Using Polydioxanone Internal Support Matrix to Minimize Scarring in Primary Mastopexy-Augmentation—An Observational Study
Authors: Chiemi Julia A , Kelishadi Shahrooz Sean 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
The process of scar formation is complex and multi-factorial. Basic plastic surgery tenets focus on tension-free techniques to optimize aesthetic outcomes and minimize scarring.

Objectives
Prophylactic use of a polydioxanone (PDO) internal support matrix in cosmetic mastopexy-augmentation to decrease scar burden has never before been described.

Methods
A high volume (n = 41) single-surgeon mastopexy-augmentation experience (S.S.K.) followed scar quality in consecutive cases from June 2020 to July 2021. A minimum of 6 months of postoperative evaluation was required to assess scar quality. Fitzpatrick scores were also evaluated and compared. All surgeries in this study were performed in the dual plane using silicone gel implants, a superior or superomedial dermal pedicle blood supply, and a wise-pattern or vertical scar. Scar quality was evaluated by photography and scored according to an internally developed scar quality scale.

Results
There have been no cases of hypertrophic or keloid scarring. All patients receiving mastopexy-augmentation with prophylactic PDO mesh have a favorable appearance with fine line scars, and the mean scar quality scale score across the cohort was 4.341/5. The mean Fitzpatrick scale score across the cohort was 2.97, and, of the patients who scored a 5 on the scar quality index, the mean Fitzpatrick scale score was 3.545.

Conclusions
Prophylactic use of PDO internal support matrix in silicone gel mastopexy-augmentation offers further protection against poor scarring in patients across the Fitzpatrick scale, with varying degrees of skin quality, and across medium to high-volume implant augmentations. Patients who received PDO prophylaxis demonstrated a better-than-average scar appearance.

Level of Evidence: 4
Collagen and elastic fiber remodeling in the pregnant mouse myometrium
Authors: Ouellette Alexis , Mahendroo Mala , Nallasamy Shanmugasundaram 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The myometrium undergoes progressive tissue remodeling from early to late pregnancy to support fetal growth and transitions to the contractile phase to deliver a baby at term. Much of our effort has been focused on understanding the functional role of myometrial smooth muscle cells, but the role of extracellular matrix is not clear. This study was aimed to demonstrate the expression profile of sub-sets of genes involved in the synthesis, processing, and assembly of collagen and elastic fibers, their structural remodeling during pregnancy, and hormonal regulation. Myometrial tissues were isolated from non-pregnant and pregnant mice to analyze gene expression and protein levels of components of collagen and elastic fibers. Second harmonic generation imaging was used to examine the morphology of collagen and elastic fibers. Gene and protein expressions of collagen and elastin were induced very early in pregnancy. Further, the gene expressions of some of the factors involved in the synthesis, processing, and assembly of collagen and elastic fibers were differentially expressed in the pregnant mouse myometrium. Our imaging analysis demonstrated that the collagen and elastic fibers undergo structural reorganization from early to late pregnancy. Collagen and elastin were differentially induced in response to estrogen and progesterone in the myometrium of ovariectomized mice. Collagen was induced by both estrogen and progesterone. By contrast, estrogen induced elastin, but progesterone suppressed its expression. The current study suggests progressive extracellular matrix remodeling and its potential role in the myometrial tissue mechanical function during pregnancy and parturition.