bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution Oligonucleotide APIs: Regulatory Considerations
Authors: Wetter Christian , Chorley Chris , Curtis Corrine , del Canto Nicole , Ford J. Gair , Franklin Jennifer , Gazziola Cinzia , Jones Michael T. , Lee Judy , McAuley Arnold , Saraber Florence C. E. , Scott Audrey , Tom Janine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractManufacture of oligonucleotide active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) typically consists of solid-phase synthesis, deprotection and cleavage, purification and filtration, and isolation from aqueous solutions through lyophilization. In the first step of drug product manufacture, the API is dissolved in water again and excipients are added. While isolation of oligonucleotide APIs can be meaningful in many cases, there may be cases where keeping the API in solution provides benefit, and multiple technical aspects must be taken into account and balanced when determining the appropriate API form. A significant factor is whether an API in solution will contain additional components. While APIs in solution containing additional components (so-called formulated APIs) are well established for biological products, there are regulatory guidelines in place that represent hurdles for industry to using a formulated API approach for oligonucleotide drugs. The present communication outlines conditions where a formulated API approach can be chosen in compliance with existing guidelines. Relevant aspects pertaining to risk management, GMP standards, facility design, control strategies, and regulatory submission content are discussed. In addition, the authors propose that existing guidelines be modernized to enable the use of a formulated API approach for additional reasons than the ones described in the existing regulatory framework. The manuscript aims to promote a dialog with regulators in this field.
Market power and sustainability: a new research agenda
Authors: Biely Katharina , van Passel Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerfectly operating markets only exist in theory. Market failures are known to not only inhibit the proper functioning of the market, but also affect sustainability and thus a sustainability transition. In this regard, much attention has been paid to externalities or missing markets, even though these are not the only market failures. In this paper, we argue that market power and its relationship with sustainability has been neglected, despite the fact that, back in 1931, Hotelling indicated the connection between the two concepts. However, research that has been dealing with this connection has not been comprehensive and has only looked at one aspect of sustainability and market power. Due to the rising relevance of market power as well as of sustainability concerns, the connection between the two deserves thorough attention. Accordingly, we propose initiating a new interdisciplinary research agenda to comprehensively analyze the complex relationship between market power and sustainability.
Learning Environments and Evidence-Based Practices in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Billiar Kristen , Gaver Donald P. , Barbee Kenneth , Singh Anita , DesJardins John D. , Pruitt Beth , Tranquillo Joe , Gaudette Glenn , Winkelstein Beth , Makowski Lee , Amos Jennifer R. , Saterbak Ann , LeDoux Joe , Helmke Brian , Grimm Michele , Benkeser Paul , Segan LeAnn Dourte , Pfister Bryan , Meaney David , Arinzeh Treena , Margulies Susan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a synopsis of discussions related to the Learning Environments track of the Fourth BME Education Summit held at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in May 2019. This summit was organized by the Council of Chairs of Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, and participants included over 300 faculty members from 100+ accredited undergraduate programs. The Learning Environments track had six interactive workshops that provided facilitated discussion and provide recommendations in the areas of: (1) Authentic project/problem identification in clinical, industrial, and global settings, (2) Experiential problem/project-based learning within courses, (3) Experiential learning in co-curricular learning settings, (4) Team-based learning, (5) Teaching to reach a diverse classroom, and (6) Innovative platforms and pedagogy. A summary of the findings, best practices and recommendations from each of the workshops is provided under separate headings below, and a list of resources is provided at the end of this paper.
A novel mitochondrial protein is required for cell wall integrity, auxin accumulation and root elongation in Arabidopsis under salt stress
Authors: Yu Zheping , Ren Yuying , Liu Jianwei , Zhu Jian-Kang , Zhao Chunzhao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaintenance of root elongation is beneficial for the growth and survival of plants under salt stress, but currently the cellular components involved in the regulation of root growth under high salinity are not fully understood. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, rres1, which exhibited reduced root elongation under treatment of a variety of salts, including NaCl, NaNO3, KCl, and KNO3. RRES1 encodes a novel mitochondrial protein and its molecular function is still unknown. Under salt stress, the root meristem length was shorter in the rres1 mutant compared to the wild type, which was correlated with a reduced auxin accumulation in the mutant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as important signals that regulate root elongation, were accumulated to higher levels in the rres1 mutant than the wild type after salt treatment. Measurement of monosaccharides in the cell wall showed that arabinose and xylose contents were decreased in the rres1 mutant under salt stress, and application of boric acid, which is required for the crosslinking of pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), largely rescued the root growth arrest of the rres1 mutant, suggesting that RRES1 participates in the maintenance of cell wall integrity under salt stress. GUS staining assay indicated that the RRES1 gene was expressed in leaves and weakly in root tip under normal conditions, but its expression was dramatically increased in leaves and roots after salt treatment. Together, our study reveals a novel mitochondrial protein that regulates root elongation under salt stress via the modulation of cell wall integrity, auxin accumulation, and ROS homeostasis.
Generalized anxiety disorder among Bangladeshi university students during COVID-19 pandemic: gender specific findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Muzaffar Rasma , Koly Kamrun Nahar , Choudhury Sabrina , Biswas Md Abdullah Al Jubayer , Kader Shirmin Bintay , Abdullah Rehnuma , Kawser Umme , Hasan M. Tasdik , Williams Darryn , Chowdhury Ariful Bari , Ahmed Helal Uddin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the current COVID-19 pandemic there are reports of deteriorating psychological conditions among university students in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), but very little is known about the gender differences in the mental health conditions on this population. This study aims to assess generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among university students using a gender lens during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted using web-based Google forms between May 2020 and August 2020 among 605 current students of two universities in Bangladesh. Within the total 605 study participants, 59.5% (360) were female. The prevalence of mild to severe anxiety disorder was 61.8% among females and 38.2% among males. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, females were 2.21 times more likely to have anxiety compared to males [AOR: 2.21; CI 95% (1.28–53.70); p-value: 0.004] and participants’ age was negatively associated with increased levels of anxiety (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.05–0.57; p = 0.001). In addition, participants who were worried about academic delays were more anxious than those who were not worried about it (AOR: 2.82; 95% CI 1.50–5.31, p = 0.001). These findings of this study will add value to the existing limited evidence and strongly advocate in designing gender-specific, low-intensity interventions to ensure comprehensive mental health services for the young adult population of Bangladesh.
Optimisation of aero-manufacturing characteristics of aircraft ribs
Authors: Kim T. , Kipouros T. , Brintrup A. , Farnfield J. , Di Pasquale D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to combine the currently separate objectives of aerodynamic performance and manufacturing efficiency, then find an optimal point of operation for both objectives. An additional goal of the study was to explore the effects of changes in design features, the position of the spars, and analyse how the changes influenced the optimal operating conditions. A machine-learning approach was taken to combine and model the gathered aero-manufacturing data, and a multi-objective optimisation approach utilising genetic algorithms was implemented to find the trade-off relationship between optimal target objectives (mission performance and manufacturability). The main achievements and findings of the study were: The study was a success in building a machine-learning model for the combined aero-manufacturing data utilising software library XGBoost; multi-objective optimisation, which did not include spar positions as a variable found the trade-off region between high manufacturability and high mission performance, with choices that offered reasonably high values of both; there was no clearly identified correlation between a small change in spar position and the target objectives; multi-objective optimisation with spar positions resulted in a trade-off relationship between target objectives, which was different from the trade-off relationship found in optimisation without spar positions; multi-objective optimisation with spar positions also offered more flexibility in the choice of manufacturing processes available for a given design; and the range of bump amplitudes for solutions found by multi-objective-optimisation with spar positions was lower and more focused than those found by optimisation without spar positions.
Near wake interactions and drag increase regimes for a square-back bluff body
Authors: Bao Di , Borée Jacques , Haffner Yann , Sicot Christophe 
Published: February 2022

The three-dimensional near wake of a square-back bluff body in ground proximity is experimentally perturbed by placing a pair of D-shaped obstacles under the body. Five obstacle widths

$d$

, from 12 % to 26 % of the height of the body, are used to perform a sensitivity study of the body's pressure drag by varying the relative distance

$l$

between the obstacle pair and the base. Two successive drag-sensitive regimes are identified for obstacle-to-base distances

$l/d < 2.5$

, where the pressure drag of the body is increased up to 22 %. In different regimes, the flow dynamics measured downstream of the obstacles are found to be very different. When the obstacles are the closest to the base,

$l/d<1.5$

, the pressure drag changes of the main body are driven by mean merging between the wakes of the obstacles and of the main body, and scale with

$d$

. Contrarily, when the obstacles are located farther from the base,

$1.5< l/d<2.5$

, the wakes of the obstacles are isolated from the main body wake. Here the dynamics of the obstacle wake drive the pressure drag changes of the main body, which scale with

$d^{2}$

. In both regimes, we measure a mean mass transfer from the wake of the main body to the wakes of the obstacles. This is the main mechanism responsible for the pressure drag changes. Using our results and reference studies describing the effects of base suction on the pressure drag of bluff bodies, a physical model is proposed to explain the contrasting scalings of the pressure drag increase in the different regimes observed in this study.
ON A PROBLEM ABOUT ADDITIVE REPRESENTATION FUNCTIONS
Authors: TANG MIN 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor a set A of positive integers and any positive integer n, let
$R_{1}(A, n)$
,
$R_{2}(A,n)$
and
$R_{3}(A,n)$
denote the number of solutions of
$a+a^{\prime }=n$
with
$a, a^{\prime }\in A$
and the additional restriction that
$a<a^{\prime }$
for
$R_{2}$
and
$a\leq a^{\prime }$
for
$R_{3}$
. We consider Problem 6 of Erdős et al. [‘On additive properties of general sequences’, Discrete Math.136 (1994), 75–99] about locally small and locally large values of
$R_{1}, R_{2}$
and
$R_{3}$
.
A novel partial ambiguity resolution based on ambiguity dilution of precision- and convex-hull-based satellite selection for instantaneous multiple global navigation satellite systems positioning
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Shubi , Zhang Qiuzhao , Zheng Nanshan , Zhang Wenyuan , Ding Nan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough multiple global navigation satellite systems (multi-GNSS) with more visible satellites have a high success rate, they make positioning time-consuming. Partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) can improve the efficiency of multi-GNSS; however, at present PAR cannot simultaneously achieve fast and high-precision positioning with a high success rate. Therefore, PAR based on ambiguity dilution of precision- and convex-hull-based satellite selection is proposed. The experimental results of the proposed PAR, its corresponding satellite selection algorithm, the classical PAR, and the low-cutoff-elevation-angle-based multi-GNSS show that the proposed PAR outperforms the classical PAR, i.e., it achieves fast and high-precision positioning with a success rate of 100⋅0%. Furthermore, in terms of R-ratio-test-based ambiguity validation, it improves the reliability of carrier-phase-based integrity monitoring of multi-GNSS and the corresponding satellite selection algorithms. In addition, its positioning accuracy is close to that of multi-GNSS and higher than that of the classical PAR, with maximum differences of 0⋅3 and 2⋅4 cm, respectively. The proposed single (dual) frequency-based PAR improves single/dual-frequency multi-GNSS efficiency by more than 54⋅9%/80⋅4% (42⋅0%/75⋅8%) when 14⋅4 (13⋅2) out of 24⋅4 satellites are selected.
Teaching, Self-Care, and Reflective Practice during a Pandemic
Authors: Vanderhill Rachel , Dorroll Courtney 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTPolitical science courses often address difficult topics that can take an emotional and psychological toll on students, including burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization. There is a growing awareness of the importance of reflective and self-care practices in teaching, especially considering the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health. However, this is a rarely discussed topic in political science. This article discusses the results of our pedagogical research on the emotional impact of learning about atrocities, the challenges of studying during a global pandemic, and the benefits of self-care activities (e.g., meditation) for student well-being. Our research is based on two different courses and includes student self-reflections and our analysis of class discussions. We conclude that our students struggle with the emotional costs of studying difficult topics (especially during the pandemic) and are receptive to doing self-care activities and find them beneficial for their mental health.
Morpho-metric characterization and genetic variability studies in chrysanthemum
Authors: Kumar Gunjeet , Hiremath Varun M. , Tiwari A. K. , Vanlalruati  , Sindhu S. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGermplasm characterization is essential to estimate variation and identify desirable genotypes for crop improvement. The current study was conducted on eight qualitative and 14 quantitative traits related to growth and floral attributes for characterization and grouping of 54 chrysanthemum genotypes. Wide variability was observed among most of the traits and principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained most of the existing variation (>98%) in germplasm. Genotypic coefficient of variation exhibited a wide range from 9.41% (ratio of leaf length/width) to 105.99% (corolla tube length of ray florets), while phenotypic coefficient of variation varied from 10.49% (ratio of leaf length/width) to 106.38% (corolla tube length of ray florets). Broad sense heritability estimates were higher (>96%) for most of the characters, except for traits such as ratio of leaf length/width and peduncle thickness. Forty-four pair-wise inter-trait combinations showed positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations for 91 possible combinations.D2analysis revealed that genotypes of clusters I and IV to be highly distinct, and hybridization between them might have better chance to obtain desirable types.D2analysis confirmed that the cultivars in cluster IV namely, Red D Spoon, Tokyo Soldier, Yellow Reflex and hierarchical clustering showed that the cultivar Tokyo Soldier to be highly diverse. It is recommended to use the above genotypes in crossing programme for obtaining better progenies.
In‐Situ Photometric Properties of Lunar Regolith Revealed by Lunar Mineralogical Spectrometer on Board Chang’E‐5 Lander
Authors: Xu Jiafei , Wang Meizhu , Lin Honglei , Xu Xuesen , Liu Bin , Yan Wei , Yang Yazhou , Wang Rong , Liu Chengyu , Xu Rui , He Zhiping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe photometric properties of the uppermost lunar regolith are used in the spectroscopic study. China's Chang’E‐5 (CE‐5) mission successfully landed in the Northern Oceanus Procellarum of the Moon, carrying the scientific payload lunar mineralogical spectrometer (LMS). LMS performed full‐view scanning and obtained the reflectance spectra in various geometric configurations. The photometric properties, including the single‐scattering albedo ω and two parameters of the Henyey‐Greenstein phase function (b, c), were derived. Our modeling results showed weak backward scattering and strong forward scattering properties of the regolith at the CE‐5 landing site. Meanwhile, the asymmetry parameter indicates that CE‐5 regolith has weaker forward scattering than the Apollo lunar soil samples and the regolith at the Chang’E‐4 landing site. The derived Hapke parameters can be used for comparison with that of the returned lunar sample, supporting further studies of lunar spectroscopy, and can be the ground truth of the CE‐5 landing area.
Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamics of Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Vegetation Indices, and Gross Primary Productivity in the Boreal Forest
Authors: Pierrat Zoe , Magney Troy , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Grossmann Katja , Bowling David R. , Seibt Ulli , Johnson Bruce , Helgason Warren , Barr Alan , Bortnik Jacob , Norton Alexander , Maguire Andrew , Frankenberg Christian , Stutz Jochen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRemote sensing of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides a powerful proxy for gross primary productivity (GPP). It is particularly promising in boreal ecosystems where seasonal downregulation of photosynthesis occurs without significant changes in canopy structure or chlorophyll content. The use of SIF as a proxy for GPP is complicated by inherent non‐linearities due to both physical (illumination effects) and ecophysiological (light use efficiencies) controls at fine spatial (tower/leaf) and temporal (half‐hourly) scales. To study the SIF‐GPP relationship, we investigated the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of continuous tower‐based measurements of SIF, GPP, and common vegetation indices at the Southern Old Black Spruce Site (SOBS) in Saskatchewan, CA over the course of two years. We find that SIF outperforms other vegetation indices as a proxy for GPP at all temporal scales but shows a non‐linear relationship with GPP at a half‐hourly resolution. At small temporal scales, SIF and GPP are predominantly driven by light and non‐linearity between SIF and GPP is due to the light saturation of GPP. Averaged over daily and monthly scales, the relationship between SIF and GPP is linear due to a reduction in the observed PAR range. Seasonal changes in the light responses of SIF and GPP are driven by changes in light use efficiency which co‐vary with changes in temperature, while illumination and canopy structure partially linearize the SIF‐GPP relationship. Additionally, we find that the SIF‐GPP relationship has a seasonal dependency. Our results help clarify the utility of SIF for estimating carbon assimilation in boreal forests.
Social support mediates the influence of cerebellum functional connectivity strength on postpartum depression and postpartum depression with anxiety
Authors: Cheng Bochao , Roberts Neil , Zhou Yushan , Wang Xiuli , Li Yuanyuan , Chen Yiming , Zhao Yajun , Deng Pengcheng , Meng Yajing , Deng Wei , Wang Jiaojian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPost-Partum Depression (PPD) is the most common health issue impacting emotional well being in women and is often comorbid with anxiety (PPD-A). Previous studies have shown that adequate social support can protect against PPD and PPD-A. However, how the brain connectome is disrupted in PPD and PPD-A and the neural basis underlying the role of social support in PPD and PPD-A remains unclear. The present study aims to explore these issues in patients with PPD and PPD-A. Well-established questionnaires and resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) were performed in 45 PPD, 31 PDD-A patients and 62 Healthy Postnatal Women (HPW). Brain functional integration was measured by analysis of Functional Connectivity Strength (FCS). Association and mediation analyses were performed to investigate relationships between FCS, PPD and PPD-A symptoms and social support. PPD patients showed specifically higher FCS in right parahippocampus, whereas PPD-A patients showed specifically higher FCS in left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. In all postpartum women, depression symptoms positively correlated with FCS in left paracentral lobule; depression and anxiety symptoms were negatively correlated with FCS in right cerebellem posterior lobe (CPL), a brain region implicated in supporting social cognition and regulation of emotion. Subsequent mediation analysis revealed that perceived social support mediated the association between right CPL FCS and PPD and PPD-A symptoms. Measurement of FCS in disorder-specific neural circuits offers a potential biomarker to study and measure the efficacy of social support for PPD and PPD-A.