bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple method for preparing ThO2 ceramics with high density
Authors: Qi Song , Guan Fang , Peng Dan , Zhang Xuyi , Liao Wuping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA simple and effective method for preparing ThO2 ceramics with high density has been proposed. It mainly includes a positive precipitation approach and a conventional sintering process. The SEM images and laser particle size analysis show that the prepared powder exhibits a round‐plated shape with a uniform and narrow particle size distribution, which is the key to the densification sintering of ThO2 ceramics. The XRD analyses confirm that the ThO2 ceramics sintered at 1590°C were composed of cubic fluorite phase. The effect of sintering temperature on the density of ThO2 ceramics was also investigated, and a relative density higher than 95% were achieved after sintering at 1590°C for 6 h in an air atmosphere. Moreover, the Vickers hardness was up to 8.49 GPa, the average linear expansion coefficient within 40–800°C was low to 10.97 × 10−6/K, and the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity were both higher than most of traditional ceramic materials (16.94–5.86 W/m K and 7.28–1.28 mm2/s, respectively, within the temperature range of 25–800°C). The previous great performances are closely related to its high density, which enables it to be a great candidate for nuclear fuels and other potential application fields.
Macroporous ceramics for the sustainable development goals (SDGs): Review
Authors: Fukushima Manabu , Ohji Tatsuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sustainable development goals (SDGs), including 17 goals and 169 targets, were adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. The aims are to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace, health, and prosperity of all people over the world. Toward the SDGs, human beings must effectively utilize the global resources, such as (1) oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and so forth that supply us with water and aquatic resources; (2) land, ground, and soil where we can raise agricultural crops and livestock; (3) forests and woods that provide us with lumber and paper and convert carbon dioxide to oxygen; and (4) fossil fuel and mineral resources, which are essential to our modern lives. The use of macroporous ceramics is definitely conducive to the solutions to achieve the SDGs, because it can help solve many of the related technical issues. This review addresses macroporous ceramics primarily for filtration and purification, agriculture and fisheries industry, thermal managements, sensing devices, and constructions, which contribute to achieving SDGs.
Fabrication of near‐infrared transparent Dy2Zr2O7 ceramic by controlled pre‐calcination of powders
Authors: Zhenguang Shen , Zhao Xiaohui , Huang Muzhang , Han Yi , Pan Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFabrication of transparent or pore‐free oxide ceramics usually requires sintering in a vacuum or reducing atmosphere. In the present paper, a near‐infrared transparent Dy2Zr2O7 ceramic was prepared by ordinary pressureless sintering under the air atmosphere, with a controlled pre‐calcining of raw powders process. The key point of the process is to control the content of the phases by pre‐calcination of the starting mixture of ZrO2 and Dy2O3 powders. The influence of pre‐calcining temperature on the content of phases, the particle sizes, on the sinterability of the mixture of Dy2O3 and ZrO2 powders has been investigated. It was found that when the pre‐calcination was conducted at 1200°C for 2 h, the powder contains 4 mol% Dy2Zr2O7, 18 mol% m‐ZrO2, 30 mol% Dy2O3, and about 50 mol% t/c‐ZrO2 which is beneficial for the sintering of pore‐free Dy2Zr2O7 ceramics. The mechanism is discussed in the paper. The transparency of the sintered Dy2Zr2O7 ceramic was measured, and their transmittance is about 63% at 1450 nm and 73% at 1900 nm. This work provides a simple and convenient way to prepare the near‐infrared transparency ceramic without special sintering facilities.
Determination of thermal comfort among nurses working with personal protective equipment in COVID‐19 clinics
Authors: Karahan Azize , Avcı Işık Sevcan , Çevik Banu , Budak Ertürk Elif , Çevik Aydın Firuze , Böke Kılıçlı Arnel , Akçın Birgül , Acar Aysel , Dudu Gülkan Ayşe , Aybar Bilir Yeşim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine thermal comfort among nurses working with personal protective equipment in COVID‐19 clinic.MethodsIn this study, a descriptive design was carried out between June and September 2020. Sample of the study consisted of 246 nurses (77.6%) who worked in the COVID‐19 clinics with personal protective equipment. We used a questionnaire to determine thermal comfort of nurses; a follow‐up form to determine the factors affecting thermal comfort; and the ASHRAE Thermal Sensation Scale. Four measurements and follow‐ups were made three times.ResultsMore than half of nurses complained of ambient temperature and ventilation, one‐third complained of humidity and nearly half complained of poor air quality. The mean thermal comfort score of nurses working in COVID‐19 clinics was 1.19 (SD = 0.75). The thermal comfort of the nurses was negatively affected in all measurements except before wearing personal protective equipment. The highest scores were measured leaving the patient room and before removing personal protective equipment (M = 2.65, SD = 0.58).ConclusionThe thermal comfort, work performance and stress levels of the nurses were negatively affected by working with personal protective equipment. This study reveals the necessity of improving the working conditions of nurses, including working hours, environment and personal protective equipment.
The effect of prosocial behaviours on Chinese undergraduate nursing students' subjective well‐being: The mediating role of psychological resilience and coping styles
Authors: Wan Xiao , Huang Haitao , Zhang Yiming , Peng Qianwen , Guo Xiajun , Wu Sijia , Li Yuanyuan , Ding Yueming , Chen Chaoran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the effect of prosocial behaviours on Chinese undergraduate nursing students' subjective well‐being (SWB) and examine the roles of psychological resilience and coping styles. The sample for this study included 683 nursing students from two undergraduate universities in Henan Province, China. SWB, prosocial behaviours, psychological resilience, and coping styles were assessed by the Index of Well‐Being, the Prosocial Behavioural Tendency Scale, the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, respectively. We adopted Pearson's correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 81 in regression analysis to explore the relationships among prosocial behaviours, psychological resilience, coping styles, and SWB. Prosocial behaviours of undergraduate nursing students had a positive predictive effect on SWB; psychological resilience and coping styles both were the mediating variable between prosocial behaviours and undergraduate nursing students' SWB; psychological resilience and coping styles played a chain mediating role between the prosocial behaviours and SWB of undergraduate nursing students. The results indicated that prosocial behaviours not only directly affected the SWB of undergraduate nursing students but also affected the SWB of undergraduate nursing students via psychological resilience and coping styles. These results offer certain theoretical support and guidance for the research and improvement of undergraduate nursing students' SWB and emphasize the importance of interventions to increase prosocial behaviours, improve psychological resilience, promote positive coping styles, and address negative coping styles.
Improving the self‐efficacy, knowledge, and attitude of nurses regarding concurrent disorder care: Results from a prospective cohort study of an interprofessional, videoconference‐based programme using the ECHO model
Authors: Chicoine Gabrielle , Côté José , Pepin Jacinthe , Dyachenko Alina , Fontaine Guillaume , Jutras‐Aswad Didier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral challenges have been identified for patients with concurrent disorders to access adequate services and for nurses to care for them. These challenges contribute to a pressing need for continuing educational interventions, particularly within the mental health nursing workforce. To address this issue, an innovative interprofessional videoconferencing programme based on the ECHO® model (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) was implemented in Quebec, Canada to support and build capacity among healthcare professionals for CD management. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine nurses' self‐efficacy, knowledge, and attitude scores over a 12‐month period. All nurses who registered in the programme between 2018 and 2020 were invited to participate in the study (N = 65). The data were collected online using a self‐administered survey at baseline, after 6 months, and then 12 months following entry‐to‐programme. Twenty‐eight nurses participated in the study (96.4% women), with a mean age of 39.1 (SD = 6.2). Compared to other professions (n = 146/174), the group of nurses also showed significant improvements in their knowledge and attitude scores, with respective effect sizes of 0.72 and −0.44 at 6 months, and 0.94 and −0.59 at 12 months. However, significant changes in self‐efficacy were only found at the 12‐month follow‐up (P = 0.0213), among the nurses who attended more than 25% of the 20‐session curriculum. ECHO is a promising intervention to improve the accessibility of evidence‐based practice and to support nurses in suitably managing concurrent disorders. Further research is needed to establish the effectiveness of this educational intervention on clinical nursing practice and patient outcomes.
Effect of N and CO2 supply on source size per grain at anthesis and its relationship with grain growth in wheat
Authors: Manderscheid Remy , Dier Markus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([eCO2]) increases the yield of wheat mainly by increasing grain number, but effects on single grain weight are variable. It is discussed whether single grain growth is limited by the sink or the source size under a non‐stress environment. This study explores the effect of e[CO2] combined with varying N supply on the source and sink size during grain filling. Source size was defined as the amount of stem reserves per grain (SRG) and the proportion of incident radiation intercepted by the green canopy per grain (fIRG) at anthesis. Data from a 2‐year free‐air CO2 enrichment experiment with wheat with three N levels (on average 38 [Nd], 190 [Nad] and 320 kg N ha−1 [Nex]) and two CO2 levels (393 and 600 ppm) on SRG, fIRG and grain filling rate (GFR) and duration (GFD) were evaluated. SRG ranged from 2.5 to 12.9 mg and fIRG from 4.0 × 0.001% to 6.8 x 0.001%. Rising N supply or e[CO2] decreased SRG and fIRG via their increases in grain number. Accordingly, there was a negative linear relationship between grain number and SRG (r2 ≥ 0.84) or fIRG (r2 ≥ 0.97). Increasing N supply decreased GFR, but increased GFD, and GFR was increased by e[CO2] under Nad and Nex. For GFR and final grain weight, there was a strong positive (r2 ≥ 0.85), and for GFD, a strong negative linear relationship (r2 ≥ 0.76) with fIRG under Nad and Nex. Under these N levels, fIRG supplied the largest share (>86%) for grain growth and thus single grain growth was possibly source limited under Nad and Nex. Under high grain number such as under Nex and e[CO2], there might be a risk for low final grain weight due to the low SRG that is insufficient for buffering assimilate shortage under unfavourable environmental conditions in early grain filling.
Hospital nurse leaders' experiences with digital technologies: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Laukka Elina , Hammarén Mira , Pölkki Tarja , Kanste Outi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo describe hospital nurse leaders' experiences with digital technologies.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsSemi‐structured focus group interviews in one university‐affiliated hospital in Finland. Data were collected from October to November 2021 and analysed using content analysis an e‐leadership framework.ResultsA total of 20 frontline nurse leaders and middle‐managers participated. Leaders had different kinds of experiences that concerned their traits, cognition, affect and behaviour with digital technologies. Leaders experienced that they needed to be open‐minded towards digitalization, which sometimes eased their work by making it more efficient. Occasionally, they also got frustrated with digitalization, which caused them stress. Leading digital technologies required collaboration with several different stakeholders, and leaders were especially responsible for ensuring nurses' digital competence. Also, leaders own digital capability was highlighted, although some leaders experienced that their digital capability was low.ConclusionThe e‐leadership framework is useful for describing the conduct of leadership roles in the context of digital services. Digitalization has transformed leadership, yet nurse leaders' education and training do not seem to have been sufficiently modified to these rapid changes. In addition, more attention should be given to how nurse leaders can be distressed by digitalization.ImpactThis study provides insight into leadership in the context of digitalized specialized medical care based on nurse leaders' direct statements. Furthermore, the results highlight nurse leaders' educational needs concerning digitalization. Adequately educating nurse leaders to become e‐leaders is crucial to successful digitalization in the nursing domain.Patient or Public ContributionThe study focused on nurse leaders' experiences.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated deletion of Fam83h induces defective tooth mineralization and hair development in rabbits
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Yang Jie , Yao Haobin , Zhang Zhongtian , Song Yuning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFamily with sequence similarity 83 members H (Fam83h) is essential for dental enamel formation. Fam83h mutations cause human amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), an inherited disorder characterized by severe hardness defects in dental enamel. Nevertheless, previous studies showed no enamel defects in Fam83h‐knockout/lacZ‐knockin mice. In this study, a large deletion of the Fam83h gene (900 bp) was generated via a dual sgRNA‐directed CRISPR/Cas9 system in rabbits. Abnormal tooth mineralization and loose dentine were found in homozygous Fam83h knockout (Fam83h−/−) rabbits compared with WT rabbits. In addition, reduced hair follicle counts in dorsal skin, hair cycling dysfunction and hair shaft differentiation deficiency were observed in Fam83h−/− rabbits. Moreover, X‐rays and staining of bone sections showed abnormal bending of the ulna and radius and an ulnar articular surface with insufficient trabecular bone in Fam83h−/− rabbits. Taken together, these data are the first report of defective hair cycling, hair shaft differentiation and abnormal bending of the ulna and radius in Fam83h−/− rabbits. This novel Fam83h−/− rabbit model may facilitate understanding the function of Fam83h and the pathogenic mechanism of the Fam83h mutation.
Efficacy and safety of apremilast in patients with limited skin involvement, plaque psoriasis in special areas and impaired quality of life: Results from the EMBRACE randomized trial
Authors: Mrowietz Ulrich , Barker Jonathan , Conrad Curdin , Jullien Denis , Gisondi Paolo , Flower Andrea , Reddy Jyotsna , Paris Maria , Picard Hernan , Jardon Shauna , Augustin Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction/BackgroundManifestations of psoriasis in special areas are difficult to treat and are associated with a high disease burden and significant quality of life (QoL) impairment. Topical therapies may be inadequate for these patients, necessitating systemic treatment.ObjectiveThe objective of EMBRACE was to evaluate the impact on QoL, efficacy and safety of apremilast 30 mg BID in patients with limited skin involvement with plaque psoriasis manifestations in special areas and impaired QoL.MethodsEMBRACE (NCT03774875) was a phase 4, randomized, placebo‐controlled, multinational study. Patients had plaque psoriasis not controlled by topical therapy; lack of response, contraindication or intolerance to conventional first‐line systemic therapy; psoriasis in ≥1 special area (including visible locations, scalp, nails, genital areas or palmoplantar areas); Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) ≥3 to ≤10; and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) >10. The primary endpoint was DLQI response (≥4‐point reduction) at Week 16.ResultsOf 277 randomized patients (apremilast: n = 185; placebo: n = 92), 221 completed Week 16 (apremilast: n = 152; placebo: n = 69). The primary endpoint (≥4‐point reduction in DLQI at Week 16) was met by significantly more patients receiving apremilast (73.3%) versus placebo (41.3%; p < 0.0001). Significantly greater improvement in affected body surface area (BSA) and PASI was observed with apremilast versus placebo at Week 16. There were also significantly greater improvements with apremilast versus placebo in itch numeric rating scale (−2.5 vs. −0.9, p < 0.0001) and skin discomfort/pain visual analog scale (−21.5 vs. −5.4, p = 0.0003) and greater achievement of Patient Benefit Index ≥1 (77% vs. 40%, p < 0.0001) at Week 16. No new safety signals were observed.ConclusionsApremilast significantly improved skin‐related QoL in patients with limited skin involvement with plaque psoriasis in special areas and highly impaired QoL. The safety profile was consistent with prior apremilast studies.
Surgical removal of intestinal foreign bodies using a laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic approach in dogs and cats and comparison with enterotomy
Authors: Demars C. , Boland L. , Minier K. 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo describe a novel surgical technique for intestinal foreign body removal without enterotomy using a laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic approach and compare short‐term outcomes to enterotomy.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs and cats with intestinal foreign bodies that underwent attempted treatment with a laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic approach between June 2019 and July 2021 were extracted. The approach consisted in manoeuvring the intestinal foreign body into the stomach during laparotomy and then removing it via a gastroscopy. If the foreign body was unmovable, an enterotomy was performed.ResultsFifty‐eight cases were enrolled and foreign bodies were successfully removed in 25 cases using a laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic approach. The median distance between the pylorus and the proximal part of the foreign body was 55 cm (range: 0 to 300). The mean surgical time and median endoscopic time were 49 minutes (±sd 12.8) and 5 minutes (range: 2 to 28), respectively. All but two cases were discharged 1 day postoperatively. In 20 cases, the foreign body was not easily movable, and an enterotomy was performed. In three of these cases, conversion to enterotomy was required due to serosal tears that occurred as a consequence of the attempted retrograde manipulation of the foreign body. Foreign body width, length and distance to pylorus were not significantly different between the two techniques. Mean surgical time was significantly shorter for laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic approach compared to enterotomy: 49 minutes (±SD 12.8)versus61.7 minutes (±SD 14.6).Clinical SignificanceSurgical removal of intestinal foreign bodies through a laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic approach is a feasible technique that offers satisfactory outcomes and shorter surgical time than enterotomy. Retrograde manipulation of the intestinal foreign body may result in serosal tears.
Prevalence and predictors of abnormal alanine aminotransferase in patients with HCV who have achieved SVR
Authors: Chadha Nikita , Turner Alan , Sterling Richard K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common. Treatment with direct acting antivirals (DAA) result in high sustained virologic response (SVR) associated with normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). However, abnormal ALT after SVR has been observed. Since fatty liver disease can co‐exist with HCV, its impact on abnormal ALT after SVR is unknown. This was a retrospective case–control analysis evaluating those with SVR and baseline fatty liver disease by transient elastography defined by controlled attenuated parameter (CAP) was performed. Abnormal ALT was defined as >1.5 ULN. The primary analysis compared abnormal ALT at SVR‐12 and beyond in those with and without fatty liver disease. Six‐hundred and ninety‐three patients with SVR‐12 were evaluated. Abnormal ALT at SVR‐12 was present in 8.2% and was similar in those with and without fatty liver disease. Abnormal ALT at SVR‐12 was associated with atrial fibrillation (p = .02), CAP (p = .047), age (p = .08), baseline ALT (p = .008), BMI (p = .002) and obesity (p = .02). On multivariate analysis, only BMI was associated with abnormal ALT at SVR‐12 (p = .017). ALT at follow‐up after SVR‐12 was available in 264 patients. In those with initial normal ALT (n = 244), 11.5% had a delayed abnormal ALT and in those with initial abnormal ALT (n = 20), 47% remained abnormal while 53% normalized. Abnormal ALT after SVR following treatment with DAA is uncommon and related to increased BMI, but not related to underlying fatty liver disease assessed by CAP. The pattern of ALT can vary, and long‐term follow‐up is needed to assess the clinical impact of abnormal ALT after SVR.
Association of gut microbiome and primary liver cancer: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization and case–control study
Authors: Ma Jun , Li Jialiang , Jin Chen , Yang Jinhuan , Zheng Chongming , Chen Kaiwen , Xie Yitong , Yang Yi , Bo Zhiyuan , Wang Jingxian , Su Qing , Wang Juejin , Chen Gang , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsObservational epidemiology studies suggested a relationship between the gut microbiome and primary liver cancer. However, the causal relationship remains unclear because of confounding factors and reverse causality. We aimed to explore the causal role of the gut microbiome in the development of primary liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsMendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of the gut microbiome and liver cancer, and sequencing data from a case–control study validated the findings. A 5‐cohort GWAS study in Germany (N = 8956) served as exposure, whilst the UK biobank GWAS study (N = 456 348) served as an outcome. The case–control study was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from December 2018 to October 2020 and included 184 HCC patients, 63 ICC patients and 40 healthy controls.ResultsA total of 57 features were available for MR analysis, and protective causal associations were identified for Family_Ruminococcaceae (OR = 0.46 [95% CI, 0.26–0.82]; p = .009) and Genus_Porphyromonadaceae (OR = 0.59 [95% CI, 0.42–0.83]; p = .003) with HCC, and for Family_Porphyromonadaceae (OR = 0.36 [95% CI, 0.14–0.94]; p = .036) and Genus_Bacteroidetes (OR = 0.55 [95% CI, 0.34–0.90]; p = .017) with ICC respectively. The case–control study results showed that the healthy controls had a higher relative abundance of Family_Ruminococcaceae (p = .00033), Family_Porphyromonadaceae (p = .0055) and Genus_Bacteroidetes (p = .021) than the liver cancer patients.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that Ruminococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Bacteroidetes are related to a reduced risk of liver cancer (HCC or ICC), suggesting potential significance for the prevention and control of liver cancer.