bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of Time and Ethanol Solvent Concentration Of Kinetic Maceration Tannin Extraction From Aromatic Areca Catechu
Authors: Hibrah Hibrah , Ikhsandy Ferry , Yahya Agung Kurnia , Rosalina Rosalina 
Published: March 2022

Aromatic areca catechu is one of the main agro commodities in West Sumatra. It contains tannin which are valuable compounds that are widely used in the textile industries, leather product manufacturing, or furniture industries. Utilization of tannin extraction from the aromatic betel nut is expected to increase its economic value. This study aims to extract tannin through kinetic maceration methods by varying the maceration duration of 1,2,3,4, and 5 hours; and varying the solvent concentration of ethanol 35%, 50%, 65%, 80%, and 96%. The scented areca nut powder used has a mesh size of e” 20, the stirring speed 450 rpm and the temperature kept constant at 45 oC. The extraction results were then concentrated and tested by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis with a standard solution of tannic acid. Optimal yield value is 3.750% identified at maceration length of 2 hours with a solvent concentration of 65% ethanol.
The Teaching Techniques Used in Teaching Speaking to Young learners on English Massive Program Kediri
Authors: Madjid Abdullah Achmad , NA Entusiastik 
Published: March 2022

Learning language at an early age has several benefits. However, young leaners attending formal schools in Indonesia get little chance to speak in the classroom. In this case, non-formal education plays a role in helping young learners. English Massive Program is non-formal education given for free by the government of Kediri City. This study aimed to describe the teaching techniques used and the differences of the technique used by an experienced tutor and a less experienced tutor. Descriptive qualitative approach was used as the research design. The data were collected by observing teaching learning process, conducting interview with two tutors, and documentation. It was found that the tutors used several techniques to get the students to speak: information gap, game, listen and repeat, question and answer, and read aloud. The difference of the technique: the experienced tutor used game in every meeting during three observations, while the less experienced tutor used game once during three observations. The use of game by the experienced tutor in every meeting during three observations showed that the experienced tutor understood the characteristics of young learners better. The decisions made by the experienced tutor during three observations also suit the characteristics of experienced tutors or teachers.

Key word: experienced tutor, novice or less experienced tutor, teaching speaking, teaching technique, young learners
Teaching Narrative Text Using RPG (Role Playing Game) in SMPN 2 Purwoasri for the Second Year Students
Authors: Ardiansyah Fitra , Muchyidin M. Syaichul 
Published: March 2022

Role playing game is defined as one of the popular genres of video games being released for computer and video game console system. In some of role playing game, the students can give the main character is name of story. Especially in teaching narrative using RPG, narrative is basically story within this story telling, there are many kinds of narrative comedy, mystery, romance, etc. The topic of RPG related with education has become interesting topic recently. In SMPN2 Purwoasri, the teacher has been done the implementation of teaching writing using RPG since a year ago. The game was conducted to make students more interesting in in teaching writing. In this research, the design used is descriptive qualitative design. The subject of the research is students VIII-F class which consists of 30 students. Concerning the preparation that the teachers have in teaching writing English at SMPN 2 Purwoasri. The teacher should have the syllabus or lesson plan before they teach writing English at SMPN 2 Purwoasri. Concerning about the material that the teachers used syllabus and lesson plan based on the curriculum 2013. The method used was think pair solo. While the media used as brainstorming the idea in writing is RPG Final fantasy. The teachers automatically evaluated the students’ writing English in every meeting the teacher gives evaluation using four aspect those are: grammatical, generic structure, words and spelling and content

Key words: narrative text, teaching process, RPG (Role playing game)
A STUDY ON TRANSFUSION OF FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA AND PACKED RBC IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE TRAUMA
Authors: Sadafule Natraj Shankar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Traumatic injury is brought about by different forces from outside of the body, which can either be obtuse or infiltrating. Severe traumatic injury is the 6th driving reason for death around the world. Patients over 65 years old are an undeniably impacted bunch. Massive haemorrhage is among the most difficult issues in critical care, influencing severe trauma patients, surgical patients, obstetric patients, and gastrointestinal patients. After a much debate, the current guidelines recommend that the combination of Fresh-Frozen Plasma (FFP) and Packed Red Blood Cells (pRBC) should be infused. But still, there is a confusion and debates around the world regarding the ratio of FFP and pRBC usage.
Aims and Objectives: The study intends to find out the efficacy of FFP and pRBC combination infusion in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 in critical patients of trauma.
Materials and Methods: The study is retrospective design which was conducted during the period of 6 months. The patients ranged between 16 years and 82 years old. The study considered 110 patients. Upon arrival, the patients were assessed primarily by Glasglow Coma Scale and its change after the infusion. Other factors that are considered for assessment were time required for homeostasis, 24-hours mortality rate, 30-days mortality rate and hospital stay duration. This combination was either given in 1:1 ratio or in 1:2 ratio. The patients who received the combination of FFP and pRBC in 1:1 ratio was classified as Group 1 while the patients who received the combination in 1:2 ratio was classified as Group 2.
Results: The study found that the change is much significant in Group 1 as compared to Group 2 as the mean value of change in GCS score in Group 1 is much higher than the mean value of change in GCS score in Group 2 patients. It was also found that the Group 2 patients required more hours for reaching homeostasis as compared to the patients of Group 1.
Conclusion: The study concludes that FFP and pRBC in the ratio of 1:1 was found to have better outcomes as compared to Group 2 patients and should be considered to be current guideline to be used as first line infusion management in trauma patients.
Keywords: ffp, packed red blood cells, trauma, infusion.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON NON-VENTILATORY MANAGEMENTS IN ACUTE ASTHMA
Authors: Sadafule Natraj Shankar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Acute asthma attacks or acute asthma can be defined as episodes of progressive increase in shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, chest tightness, or some combination of these symptoms. It includes the aggravation, inflammation, and obstruction of the bronchial tubes, which permit air all through the lungs. Most exacerbations are overseen in the outpatient setting. In the United States in 2004 there were 14.7 million visits to doctor workplaces and clinic outpatient divisions for acute asthma. In pediatric patients, a scoring rubric called the Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) has been created to evaluate a patient's acute asthma seriousness utilizing a mix of scalene muscle compression, suprasternal withdrawals, wheezing, air entry, and oxygen saturation. noninvasive ventilation has a few possible upper hands over intubation and intrusive mechanical ventilation: there are fewer requirements for sedation, the patient is allowed to talk, ventilation can be briefly suspended to permit the patient to take tastes of liquid or to cough and expectorate, and there is a lower hazard of ventilator-related pneumonia
Aims and Objectives: The study intended to compared the efficiency of using oxygen inhalation and rapid-acting bronchodilator as first line management of acute exacerbant asthma.
Materials and Methods: The study design is retrospective cross-sectional which was conducted during the period of 7 Months The study has considered 100 patients, among which 45 patients are male and 55 patients are female. The patients who visited the Emergency Department were considered. The patients on arrival to the emergency department was assessed for PRAM score (Initial PRAM score) and was interpreted. Then either oxygen or Short-Acting Beta Agonist (Salbutamol) inhalation was given. Then again, after a fixed interval, the patient’s PRAM score was assessed (Post-Interventional PRAM score). PRAM score was assessed and interpreted.
Result: The study found that, after intervention, Group 1 achieved PRAM score of 4.48±1.41 in Group 1 (Oxygen group) while Group 2 (Short-Acting Beta Agonist inhalation) achieved 6.12±1.47. It was found that in patients of Group 1, the mean of changes in all the patients was 6 while in the patients of Group 2 was 4.18.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the acute asthmatic episode in emergency department can be managed by oxygen inhalation better than Short-Acting Beta Agonist inhalation. Oxygen inhalation is easier to give as compared to intubation and is also efficient in lowering PRAM score and hence, evidently showed the efficacy for proper management of severe acute asthma in emergency setting.
Keywords: pram, acute asthma, oxygen, salbutamol, non-ventilatory
case report of osteoarticular mucormycosis in post COVID - 19 Patient
Authors: Shah Bhavini , Shah Sandip C , Toshniwal Harsh , Dharsandiya Mitkumar , Shah Krutarth , Panchal Chinjal , Agarwal Saifali 
Published: March 2022

Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal disease often seen in immuno-compromised individuals.The Mucormycosis cases increased in COVID-19 patients from March – June 2021. Here we report a case of 61 year old male hypertensive patient with COVID-19 who was treated with antibioticsand steroids for recovery. After treatment he developed secondary infection of osteoarticular mucormycosis which is uncommon and rare. We report this case here in detail.
Efektifitas Alat Filtrasi Sederhana Berbahan Pelepah Pisang dalam Menurunkan PM2.5 dan PM10 pada Rumah Pengasapan Ikan di Kota Ternate
Authors: Arba Susan , Mustafa Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Particulate Matter (PM) merupakan jenis polutan berbahaya dengan berbagai ukuran, yang dapat mengakibatkan tingginya kematian akibat pajanan polusi udara. Particulate Matter <2,5µm (PM2.5) atau yang disebut dengan fine particle merupakan salah satu jenis partikulat yang berukuran sangat kecil dan dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Apabila terhirup ke dalam tubuh dapat berpenetrasi ke dalam saluran pernapasan bawah serta dapat melewati aliran darah. Asap yang dihasilkan oleh pembakaran tempurung kelapa di lingkungan pengasapan ikan merupakan permasalahan yang ada di ruang pengasapan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis Efektifitas Alat Filtrasi Sederhana Dalam Menurunkan PM2.5 Dan PM10 Pada Rumah Pengasapan Ikan Di Kota Ternate. Rancang bangun penelitian yang digunakan adalah pra-eksperimental dengan metode one group pra-post test design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah pengasapan ikan Kota Ternate Provinsi Maluku Utara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah pengasapan ikan di Kota Ternate. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah menggunakan program statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai p value PM2.5 sebesar 0,048 dimana kurang dari batas kritis penelitian ( < 0,05), artinya bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pengukuran PM2.5 sebelum dan sesudah yang artinya alat filtrasi sederhana dengan berbahan dasar pelepah pisang efektif dalam menurunkan PM2.5. Nilai p values PM10 = 0,042 lebih kecil dari < 0,05, artinya bahwa ada perbedaan antara hasil sebelum dan sesudah pengukuran untuk variabel PM10 di rumah pengasapan ikan di Kota Ternate. Kesimpulan Sistem filtering berbahan dasar pelepah pisang efektif dalam menurunkan kosentrasi PM2,5 Dan PM10 di rumah pengasapan ikan
GENOTIPE MOLEKULAR Giardia lamblia PADA PENDUDUK ASIMPTOMATIK DI LOMBOK BARAT, INDONESIA
Authors: Resnhaleksmana Ersandhi , Wiadnya Ida Bagus Rai , Danuyanti I Gusti Ayu Nyoman , Getas I Wayan 
Published: March 2022

Giardia Lamblia merupakan parasit usus yang sering ditemukan mencemari lingkungan dan bersifat patogen terhadap manusia. Penyebaran Giardia dapat terjadi anatara manusia asimtomatis ke manusia lainnya dan bahkan kelingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi genotipe G. Lamblia pada penduduk asimptomatis di wilayah Lombok barat. Pemeriksaan Giardia dilakukan secara mikroskopis dan molekular menggunakan gen COX1. Giardia teridentifikasi 1.37% (6/438) dari sampel tinja penduduk asimptomatis. Analisa filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa G. lamblia isolat lombok memiliki kekerabatan monofiletik dengan isolat G. lamblia pada GenBank dengan no X55287.1. Jumlah infeksi rendah G. Lamblia pada penduduk asimptomatis di wilayah lombok dapat berperan sebagai sumber infeksi patogen bagi penduduk yang rentan. Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya perhatian khusus bagi program kesehatan sebagai pencegahan terhadap infeksi G. lamblia.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERAWATAN INDWELLING KATETER DENGAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH (ISK) PADA PASIEN YANG TERPASANG KATETER DI RUANG RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Jaya Hernandi Ashari , Kumala Indra , Triswanti Nia , Hidayat Hidayat 
Published: March 2022

Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan adanya mikroorganisme dalam saluran kemih dan ditemukannya bakteri yang berkolonisasi. Besar infeksi pada ISK disebabkan prosedur invasive atau instrumentasi saluran kemih yang biasanya berupa katerisasi perawatan dan pengurangan lama pemakaian kateter dapat menurukan terjadinya ISK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara perawatan indwelling kateter dengan kejadian isk pada pasien yang terpasang kateter di ruang rawat inap penyakit dalam RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober-November 2021 dengan teknik pengambilan yaitu total sampling. Hubungan antara perawatan indwelling kateter dengan kejadian infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) pada pasien yang terpasang kateter menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kedua variabel. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p value = 0,006 maka dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara perawatan indwelling kateter dengan kejadian ISK. Dan dari analisis diperoleh pula nilai OR = 7,875 artinya pasien dengan perawatan indwelling kateter kurang baik memiliki kecendrungan untuk terjadinya ISK sebesar 7,875 atau hampir 8 kali besar mengalami terjadinya ISK dibandingkan pasien dengan perawatan indwelling kateter yang baik. Dan diperoleh juga interval kepercayaan (1,964-31,574) dimana pada interval kepercayaan tidak mengandung nilai odds ratio 1 sehingga menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara perawatan indwelling kateter dengan kejadian ISK pada taraf signifikansi 5%.
Diisopropyl Malonate as Acylating Agent in Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Amines with Lipase B from Candida antarctica
Authors: Szemes József , Malta-Lakó Ágnes , Tóth Regina Eszter , Poppe László 
Published: March 2022

Activity of diisopropyl malonate (2) as a novel acylating agent was investigated in kinetic resolution (KR) of various racemic amines [(±)-1a-d] catalyzed by lipase B from Candida antarctica. Diisopropyl malonate (2) proved to be effective acylating agent with four racemic amines [(±)-2-aminoheptane, (±)-1-methoxy-2-propylamine, (±)-1-phenylethylamine and (±)-4-phenylbutan-2-amine; (±)-1a-d, respectively] selected for this study. The lipase-catalyzed acylation of the amines (±)-1a-d with 2 proceeded with good conversions (44.9–52.1%) and provided the expected (R)-amides [(R)-3a-d] in moderate to excellent yields (51–98%) with high enantiomeric excess (ee(R)-3a-d 92.0–99.9%) after 4 h reaction time under mild reaction conditions in batch mode. The best conversion (50%) combined with high enantiomeric purity (ee(R)-2d > 99%ee) was achieved in the KR from racemic 2-aminoheptane (±)-1a. The four novel (R)-amides [(R)-3a-d] were isolated and properly characterized.
Carbetocin versus Oxytocin in the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage after Caesarean Section
Authors: Yesmin Shakila , Begum Ferdousi , Bain Shormistha , Tareq AHM Imrul , Parvin Sabrina , Jahan Farhana Israt , Farzana Hafiza 
Published: March 2022

Background: postpartum haemorrhage is one of the major contributors to maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are many pharmacological options for the management of postpartum hemorrhage, oxytocin being the first line choice of treatment.Carbetocin, a long acting oxytocin agonist, appears to be a promising agent for the prevention of PPH. This comparative study was between Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin for the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage in Caesarean Section
Objective: To determine the safety and effectiveness of carbetocin and oxytocin for the prevention of post-partum haemorrhage in caesarean section.
Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, between February to July 2015. Study population were 64 pregnant women admitted for delivery and underwent caesarean section, who were randomly selected. Women in the intervention group (group I) received injection carbetocin a bolus of 100 mgm IV; women in the standard treatment group (group II) received 10 IU of oxytocin in IV.Both administered immediately after chiidbirth.This trial was registered in SSMC MH with reference no-SSMC/2014/76.
Result: Difference of mean age,mean gestational age and indication of C/S were not statistically significant between two groups.Regarding haemodynamic effect,both drugs were almost similar.There was no significant difference in per-operetive blood loss,uterine tone, level of uterine fundus, urine output in urobag and hemoglobin level. Need for additional oxytocics required 0(0.0%) vs 5(16.7%) patients in group I and group II respectively and was found statistically significant.Blood transfusion needed was 0(0.0%) vs 3(10.0%) patients and primary PPH 0(0.0%) vs 3(9.4%),though both were not statistically significant. No significant difference regarding side effects and total expense was found.
Conclusion: Administration of single bolus dose of carbetocin (100 μgIV) after delivery of the baby in caesarean section immediately reduces the need for additional oxytocics, occurrence of primary PPH and further blood transfusion. Side effects are mild and similar in both the groups.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(2): 63-67
Doppler Velocimetry of Umbilical Artery in Normal and Growth Restricted Pregnancy
Authors: Afroze Zakia , Begum Rokeya 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the umbilical arterial blood flow velocity and its various indices during 3rd trimester of pregnancy and to compare these indices in normal and growth restricted pregnancies.
Methods: In this study, 50 women with normal singleton pregnancy and 50 women with intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pregnancy with expected birth weight <10th percentile of the normal for the gestational age were studied by Doppler evaluation of their umbilical artery, Pulsality Index (PI), Resistance Index (RI) and S/D ratio of the control group and IUGR group were calculated and reference range constructed. Values of Doppler indices of IUGR group were compared with those of the control group. Perinatal outcome was evaluated in relation to the indices.
Results: Doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery showed elevated indices in 33 out of 50 cases of IUGR group showing its high sensitivity in diagnosing haemodynamically compromised growth restricted fetuses. Absent end diastolic velocily (AEDV) and reversed end diastolic velocily (REDV), were seen in 8 and 2 cases respectively and were associated with poor perinatal out come in terms of need for LSCS for fetal distress, Apgar score <7 at 1 minute, admission to NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) and perinatal death.
Conclusion: In normal pregnancy there is gestational age related fall in impedance in Umbilical arteries. Doppler study of umbilical artery is highly sensitive in the detection of IUGR and for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in small for gestational age.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(2): 68-73
Long Term Evaluation of Post-Partum Intrauterine Device (PPIUD) In Terms of Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Sultana Jobaida , Ashraf Fatema , Islam Jinnat Ara , Mannan Khadija , Musfiarifat - , Begum Hasina , Khaledunnesa - , Sultana Mahmuda 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term safety and efficacy of postpartum IUCD at a tertiary level hospital.
Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital (ShSMCH) from March 2019 to December 2019. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) in collaboration with Obstetrical and Gynecological Society of Bangladesh (OGSB) have been launched a project in Bangladesh to foster family planning activities by postpartum IUCD insertion since July 2015 in this hospital. All patients who were inserted PPIUD following delivery under FIGO- PPIUD project since 1st January 2017 to 31st December, 2017 were included in this study. Phone number of those PPIUD inserted women were collected from the register book. Clients were evaluated after 2 years of insertion. The outcome measures analyzed were safety measures – menstrual irregularities, vaginal discharge, pelvic infection, perforation and efficacy measures – continuation, removal, expulsion and failure rate.
Result: Total number of patients delivered at ShSMCH in 2017 were 2,593. Out of them deliveries, 329 (12.70%) were introduced PPIUD. Among 329 PPIUD users, after about 2 years, 175 (53.20%) could be traced for follow up and rests couldn’t be reached by repeated attempts on phone call. After telephone call they attended our hospital and thorough interview and examination was done. All the informations were collected in a predesigned data collection sheet. Among 175 study population, 25 (14.28%) IUCD introduction were following vaginal delivery and 150 (85.71%) were during cesarean section operation. Those who are continuing PPIUD, 100 (82.0%) had no complications and few, 22 (18.0%) had some minor complaints for which they received treatment. The most common adverse event was the menstrual irregularities. There was no case of perforation. By the end of 2 years, out of 175 PPIUD inserted clients, missing string was found in 85 (69.7%) cases, continuation rate of PPIUD was 122 (69.7 %), spontaneous expulsion was 10 (5.7%), removal was 43 (24.6%) and failure rate was 3 (1.7%).
Conclusion: PPIUCD is a safe, effective and convenient method of contraception and should be encouraged after both vaginal and Cesarean deliveries.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2020; Vol. 35(2): 81-89