bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More of a Question than a Comment: A Response to Modernism, Empire, World Literature, by Joe Cleary
Authors: McGlynn Mary 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This entry in the dossier about Joe Cleary’s Modernism, Empire, World Literature asks questions about it based on recent scholarship by others working with the same key terms. The scholarship of David Damrosch, Franco Moretti, and Mary Burke provides productive interplays with Cleary’s readings, revealing strengths of the current volume as well as sites for further investigation.
Loneliness and cognition in older adults: A meta-analysis of harmonized studies from the United States, England, India, China, South Africa, Mexico, and Chile
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Sutin Angelina R. , Hajek André , Karakose Selin , Aschwanden Damaris , O’Súilleabháin Páraic S. , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio , Luchetti Martina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Loneliness is a risk factor for late-life dementia. There is less consistent evidence of its association with cognitive performance. This study examined the replicability of the association between loneliness and overall and domain-specific cognitive function and informant-rated cognitive decline in cohorts from seven countries: the United States, England, India, China, South Africa, Mexico, and Chile.

Methods
Data were from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol administered in seven population-based studies (total N > 20,000). Participants reported their loneliness, completed a battery of cognitive tests, and nominated a knowledgeable informant to rate their cognitive decline. Random-effect meta-analyses were used to summarize the associations from each cohort.

Results
Loneliness was associated with poor overall cognitive performance and informant-rated cognitive decline controlling for sociodemographic factors (meta-analytic correlation for overall cognition = −.10 [95% CI = −.13, −.06] and informant-rated decline = .16 [95% CI = .14, .17]). Despite some heterogeneity, the associations were significant across samples from Africa, Asia, Europe, North, Central, and South America. The meta-analysis also indicated an association with specific cognitive domains: episodic memory, speed-attention, visuospatial abilities, numeric reasoning, and verbal fluency. The associations were attenuated but persisted when depressive symptoms were added as a covariate. Depression, cognitive impairment, and sociodemographic factors did not consistently moderate the associations across samples.

Conclusions
Loneliness is associated with poor performance across multiple domains of cognition and observer-rated cognitive decline, associations that replicated across diverse world regions and cultures.
READING BOOK II WITHIN ARITHMETICAL-ALGEBRAIC PRACTICES
Authors: Sammarchi Eleonora 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn Arabic treatises on algebra, Book II of Euclid’s Elements quickly became a traditional work of reference, especially for justifying quadratic equations. However, in many of these treatises we find a representation of Euclid’s notions that deviates from the “original Euclid.” In this article, I focus on the way in which propositions of Book II were understood and reported by al-Karaǧī (11th c.) in two of his algebraic writings. Inspired by the variety of arithmetical practices of his time, al-Karaǧī transposed these Euclidean propositions from geometrical objects to numbers and applied them to an algebraic context. This allowed him to combine various argumentative strategies deriving from different fields. Building upon al-Karaǧī’s work, al-Zanǧānī (13th c.) no longer needed to mention Euclid and instead conceived of a justification of quadratic equations (the “cause” of the equation) which is completely internal to algebra. These case studies provide evidence for the use of the Elements as a toolbox for the development of algebra. More importantly, they shed further light upon a typical feature of medieval mathematics, namely the existence of a plurality intrinsic in the name “Euclid.”
Timing of Pedogenic Carbonate Formation in Fine‐Grained Soils: Decoupled T(Δ47) and δ18Ow Seasonal Bias
Authors: Havranek Rachel , Snell Kathryn , Brookins Sarah , Davidheiser‐Kroll Brett 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHistorically, clumped isotope thermometry (T(∆47)) of soil carbonates has been interpreted to represent a warm‐season soil temperature based dominantly on coarse‐grained soils. Additionally, T(∆47) allows the calculation of the oxygen isotope composition of soil water (δ18Ow) in the past using the temperature‐dependent fractionation factor between soil water and pedogenic carbonate, but previous work has not measured δ18Ow values with which to compare to these archives. Here, we present clumped isotope thermometry of modern soil carbonates from three soils in Colorado and Nebraska, USA, that have a fine‐to‐medium grain size, contain clay, and are representative of many carbonate‐bearing paleosols preserved in the rock record. At two of the three sites, Briggsdale, CO and Seibert, CO, T(∆47) overlaps with mean annual soil temperature (MAST), and the calculated δ18Ow overlaps within uncertainty with measured δ18Ow at carbonate bearing depths. At the third site, in Oglala National Grassland, NE, mean T(∆47) is 8–11°C warmer than MAST, and the calculated δ18Ow has a significantly higher isotope value than any observations of δ18Ow. At all three sites, even in the fall season, δ18Ow values at carbonate bearing depths overlap with spring rainfall δ18Ow, and there is little to no evaporative enrichment of δ2Hw and δ18Ow values. These data challenge long‐held assumptions that all pedogenic carbonate records a warm‐season bias, and that δ18Ow at carbonate‐bearing depths is affected by evaporative enrichment.
Extracting mechanical quality factor and eliminating feedthrough using harmonics of thermal-piezoresistive micromechanical resonators
Authors: Teng Geer , Yang Chenhao , Quan Aojie , Li Chengxin , Li Haojie , Cheng Yuxuan , Chang Honglong , Kraft Michael , Zhang Hemin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thermal-actuation and piezoresistive-detection effects have been employed to pump the effective quality factor of MEMS resonators, targeting simple self-oscillation and better sensing performance in the air. However, the ratio of the pumped effective quality factor to the inherent mechanical quality factor, crucial for characterizing the amplification, is hard to obtain. The main difficulty stems from hidden Lorentz peaks caused by feedthrough effects and the pump effect once the current is applied. In this paper, we demonstrated the presence of high-order harmonic components in the output of thermal-piezoresistive resonators when the oscillation amplitude is sufficiently large. By utilizing second-order harmonics, we achieved the improvement in signal-to-bias ratio of, 20.85 dB compared to that without feedthrough cancellation and 9.67 dB compared to that using a de-embedded method when the bias current is 6.20 mA. Furthermore, the inherent mechanical quality factor is extracted at a low current of 1.8 mA with a value of 5800 using the second-order harmonics, and a nearly two orders of magnitude enhancement in Q factor can be obtained before entering the self-oscillation regime. An amplitude bias instability as good as 55 ppm and a frequency bias instability as good as 10 ppb are realized in the nonlinear operation regime with a pumped effective quality factor of 576k. The paper contributes to the fundamental understanding of the Q pump effect together with harmonic analysis of the thermal-piezoresistive resonators and also pushes forward the development of low-power consumption self-oscillation resonant sensors.
NINJ1-mediated plasma membrane rupture of pyroptotic endothelial cells exacerbates blood-brain barrier destruction caused by neutrophil extracellular traps in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Bo , Wang Xue , Gao Sheng-Qing , Gao Chao-Chao , Li Tao , Han Yan-Ling , Zhao Ran , Sun Yan , Miao Shu-Hao , Qiu Jia-Yin , Jin Wang-Xuan , Zhou Meng-Liang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Brain endothelial cell (bEC) dysfunction is the main factor of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, which triggers a vicious cycle of aggravating traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils can lead to BBB disruption, but there is a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms after TBI. Here, excessive NETs were found in both contused brain tissue and circulation following TBI. We found that NETs could activate the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to induce bEC pyroptosis, which led to BBB disruption after TBI. During this process, ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) was activated in pyroptotic bECs, and it mediated the release of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) via plasma membrane rupture (PMR) to promote NET formation. NINJ1-mediated release of HMGB1 aggravated NET accumulation by forming a vicious circle following TBI. Knockdown of NINJ1 rescued NET formation, attenuated BBB leakage, and improved neurological outcomes after TBI. NINJ1 may represent a promising target for alleviating NET-induced BBB destruction and other related injuries after TBI.
A nanotwinned-alloy strategy enables fast sodium deposition dynamics
Authors: Zou Guodong , Wang Jinming , Sun Yong , Yang Weihao , Niu Tingting , Li Jinyu , Ren Liqun , Seh Zhi Wei , Peng Qiuming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sodium (Na) metal batteries are considered promising solutions for next-generation electrochemical energy storage because of their low costs and high energy densities. However, the slow Na dynamics result in unfavorable Na deposition and dendrite growth, which compromise cycling performance. Here we propose a nanotwinned alloy strategy prepared by high-pressure solid solution followed by Joule-heating treatment to address sluggish Na dynamics, achieving homogeneous Na deposition. By employing cost-effective Al-Si alloys for validation, Si solubility of 10 wt.% is extended through a high-pressure solid solution, and nanotwinned-Si particles, with a volume fraction of 82.7%, are subsequently formed through Joule-heating treatment. The sodiophilic nanotwinned-Si sites exhibit a high diffusion rate, which reduces the nondimensional electrochemical Damköhler number to far below 1, shifting the diffusion-controlled deposition behavior to reaction-controlled deposition. This transition facilitates spherical Na deposition and dendrite-free growth, allowing a symmetric cell to achieve stable Na plating/stripping over 5300 h at 5 mA cm−2 with a cumulative capacity of 13.25 Ah cm−2. This strategy is also demonstrated in another CuAg system with nanotwinned Ag structures.
Choosing fit-for-purpose biodiversity impact indicators for agriculture in the Brazilian Cerrado ecoregion
Authors: Rabeschini Gabriela , Persson U. Martin , West Chris , Kastner Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding and acting on biodiversity loss requires robust tools linking biodiversity impacts to land use change, the biggest threat to terrestrial biodiversity. Here we estimate agriculture’s impact on the Brazilian Cerrado’s biodiversity using three approaches—countryside Species-Area Relationship, Species Threat Abatement and Restoration and Species Habitat Index. By using same input data, we show how indicator scope and design affects impact assessments and resulting decision-support. All indicators show agriculture expansion’s increasing pressure on biodiversity. Results suggest that metrics are complementary, providing distinctly different insight into biodiversity change drivers and impacts. Meaningful applications of biodiversity indicators therefore require compatibility between focal questions and indicator choice regarding temporal, spatial, and ecological perspectives on impact and drivers. Backward-looking analyses focused on historical land use change and accountability are best served by the countryside-Species Area Relationship and the Species Habitat Index. Forward-looking analyses of impact risk hotspots and global extinctions mitigation are best served by the Species Threat Abatement and Restoration.
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs cause excessive algal growth for nearly half the world’s population
Authors: McDowell Richard W. , Luo Dongwen , Pletnyakov Peter , Upsdell Martin , Dodds Walter K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reference conditions pertain to conditions without anthropogenic influence and serve to gauge the degree of river pollution and identify the best attainable water quality. Here we show estimates of the global human footprint of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and potential for related nuisance or harmful algal growth in rivers. We use statistical models based on 1.2 million stream nutrient measurements (from 2005 to 2013) and find global human enrichment of river total nitrogen and total phosphorus is 35% and 14% respectively. The greatest enrichment is in Europe (86 and 30% respectively) and the least in Oceania (9 and 2% respectively). The levels of enrichment translated into an almost doubling of the catchment areas with rivers predicted to have anthropogenically elevated levels of potentially harmful or nuisance algae, affecting ~40% of the world’s population. Focusing management on the difference between current and reference conditions can help protect good water quality while avoiding unrealistic goals where nitrogen and phosphorus are naturally high.
Polymer-like tetramer acceptor enables stable and 19.75% efficiency binary organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Jianxiao , Sun Cheng , Li Yonghai , Bi Fuzhen , Jiang Huanxiang , Yang Chunming , Bao Xichang , Chu Junhao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Limited by large batch differences and inferior polymerization degree of current polymer acceptors, the potential high efficiency and stability advantages of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) cannot be fully utilized. Alternatively, largely π-extended and structurally definite oligomer acceptors are effective strategies to realize the overall performance of polymer acceptors. Herein, we report a linear tetramer acceptor namely 4Y-BO with identical molecular skeleton and comparable molecular-weight relative to the control polymer acceptor PY-BO. The structurally definite tetramer shows refined film-forming kinetics and improved molecular ordering, offering uniform crystallinity with polymer donor and hence well-defined fibrous heterojunction textures. Encouragingly, the PM6:4Y-BO devices achieve an efficiency up to 19.75% (certified efficiency:19.58%), largely surpassing that of the control PM6:PY-BO device (15.66%) and ranks the highest among solar cells based on oligomer and polymer acceptors. More noticeably, thermal stability, photostability and mechanical flexibility are collectively enhanced for PM6:4Y-BO devices. Our study provides an important approach for fabricating high performance and stable organic photovoltaics.
Spotlight on amino acid changing mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway: from disease-specific mutation to general mutation databases
Authors: Hoffmann Markus , Hennighausen Lothar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The JAK-STAT pathway is central to cytokine signaling and controls normal physiology and disease. Aberrant activation via mutations that change amino acids in proteins of the pathway can result in diseases. While disease-centric databases like COSMIC catalog mutations in cancer, their prevalence in healthy populations remains underexplored. We systematically studied such mutations in the JAK-STAT genes by comparing COSMIC and the population-focused All of Us database. Our analysis revealed frequent mutations in all JAK and STAT domains, particularly among white females. We further identified three categories: Mutations uniquely found in All of Us that were associated with cancer in the literature but could not be found in COSMIC, underscoring COSMIC’s limitations. Mutations unique to COSMIC underline their potential as drivers of cancer due to their absence in the general population. Mutations present in both databases, e.g., JAK2Val617Phe/V617F - widely recognized as a cancer driver in hematopoietic cells, but without disease associations in All of Us, raising the possibility that combinatorial SNPs might be responsible for disease development. These findings illustrate the complementarity of both databases for understanding mutation impacts and underscore the need for multi-mutation analyses to uncover genetic factors underlying complex diseases and advance personalized medicine.
Regulation of chromatin modifications through coordination of nucleus size and epithelial cell morphology heterogeneity
Authors: Bermudez Alexandra , Latham Zoe D. , Ma Alex J. , Bi Dapeng , Hu Jimmy K. , Lin Neil Y. C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cell morphology heterogeneity is pervasive in epithelial collectives, yet the underlying mechanisms driving such heterogeneity and its consequential biological ramifications remain elusive. Here, we observed a consistent correlation between the epithelial cell morphology and nucleus morphology during crowding, revealing a persistent log-normal probability distribution characterizing both cell and nucleus areas across diverse epithelial model systems. We showed that this morphological diversity arises from asymmetric partitioning during cell division. Next, we provide insights into the impact of nucleus morphology on chromatin modifications. We demonstrated that constraining nucleus leads to downregulation of the euchromatic mark H3K9ac and upregulation of the heterochromatic mark H3K27me3. Furthermore, we showed that nucleus size regulates H3K27me3 levels through histone demethylase UTX. These findings highlight the significance of cell morphology heterogeneity as a driver of chromatin state diversity, shaping functional variability within epithelial tissues.
Abundant clock proteins point to missing molecular regulation in the plant circadian clock
Authors: Urquiza-García Uriel , Molina Nacho , Halliday Karen J , Millar Andrew J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the biochemistry behind whole-organism traits such as flowering time is a longstanding challenge, where mathematical models are critical. Very few models of plant gene circuits use the absolute units required for comparison to biochemical data. We refactor two detailed models of the plant circadian clock from relative to absolute units. Using absolute RNA quantification, a simple model predicted abundant clock protein levels in Arabidopsis thaliana, up to 100,000 proteins per cell. NanoLUC reporter protein fusions validated the predicted levels of clock proteins in vivo. Recalibrating the detailed models to these protein levels estimated their DNA-binding dissociation constants (K

d
). We estimate the same K

d
from multiple results in vitro, extending the method to any promoter sequence. The detailed models simulated the K

d
range estimated from LUX DNA-binding in vitro but departed from the data for CCA1 binding, pointing to further circadian mechanisms. Our analytical and experimental methods should transfer to understand other plant gene regulatory networks, potentially including the natural sequence variation that contributes to evolutionary adaptation.
Pathologically Tumor-free Resection Margin Distance as a Surrogate Parameter in Primary Vulvar Squamous Cell Cancer: Analysis of a Large Two-Center Patient Cohort
Authors: Balog Eva , Stuebs Frederik A. , Berndt Ronald , Dietl Anna K. , Geppert Carol , Hartmann Arndt , Thunich Oliver , Beckmann Matthias W. , Koch Martin C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study evaluated the role of tumor-free margin distances and other prognostic factors, including age, lymph-node metastases, lymphatic vessel invasion, and local recurrence, on the survival of patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) undergoing primary surgical treatment.A retrospective analysis reviewed the records of 232 VSCC patients who had undergone primary radical local excision with R0 resection between 2009 and 2021 at ANregiomed Hospital Ansbach and Erlangen University Hospital (Germany). Patients, aged 18 and older with no distant metastases, were grouped by resection margin distances (1 to ≤ 3 mm, 3 to ≤ 8 mm, > 8 mm) for survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests. A Cox proportional hazards regression model incorporating multiple covariates, selected using the best-subset selection method and guided by the Akaike information criterion (AIC), was used. In the next step, we conducted a separate analysis of the patients who experienced a local recurrence.The median age of the 232 patients analyzed was 69 years, with a median follow-up period of 10.5 years; 82 patients died. Survival varied significantly relative to resection margin distance (p = 0.0022), with the highest rates in the 1 to ≤ 3 mm group and the lowest in the > 8 mm group. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, lymphatic vessel invasion, and resection margin distance significantly influenced survival, with higher values associated with increased mortality. Out of 232 patients analyzed, 43 developed a local recurrence. In the group with resection margins of 1 to ≤ 3 mm, 37% of patients experienced a local recurrence. Among those with margins of 3 to ≤ 8 mm, 44% had a recurrence, while only 19% of patients with margins > 8 mm showed a local recurrence.The study underscored the significance of tumor-free margin distance as a surrogate marker for survival in VSCC patients. In addition to lymphatic vessel invasion as the most critical prognostic factor, tumor-free resection margin distance and age emerged as significant predictors of overall survival. The findings advocate for tailored, function-preserving surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.