bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic and vibrational signaling in true katydid Nesoecia nigrispina: three means of sound production in one species
Authors: Korsunovskaya Olga S. , Zhantiev Rustem D. 
Published: July 2022

The males of Mexican katydids Nesoecia nigrispina (Stal, 1873) produce calling songs and protest sounds using the typical stridulatory apparatus, situated, as in most of the other Ensifera, at the bases of the tegmina. It includes a stridulatory file on the upper tegmen and a plectrum on the lower one. The calling sounds, which are of two types (fast and slow), are two-syllabic series, with a repetition rate fluctuate within 3–4.5 s−1 (fast) and 1.2–2 s−1 (slow). After tactile stimulation, males produce protest signals in the form of short trills of uniform syllable duration. The syllable repetition rate is higher than that of the calling sounds: 7.7 s−1. The frequency spectra of these signals have maxima in the band of 14–15 kHz. However, in addition to the sounds described, both males and females are capable of producing protest signals of the second type, with the help of another sound apparatus, namely the hind wings. Apparently, the sound is produced by the friction of the hind wings on the lower tegmen. The dominant frequencies in the frequency spectra of these sounds are 40–60 kHz. In adults of both sexes and older nymphs, in response mainly to tactile stimulation, short clicks are recorded, which they produce, apparently, by the mandibles. Thus, N. nigrispina seems to have the most extensive acoustic repertoire among pseudophyllines and three means of emitting sound signals. Tremulatory substrate-borne vibrations are produced by individuals of both sexes during courtship and by males completing the calling signal cycle and after copulation. It is possible that vibrational signals are an additional factor in the reproductive isolation of sympatric species, since the calling sound signals in representatives of the genus Nesoecia are similar and exhibit considerable variability. The type and parameters of the calling signal used by the female during recognizing a conspecific mate remain unclear.
Studies on Cultural, Morphological and Pathogenic Variability among the Isolates of F. verticillioides Associated with Maize Stalk Rot in Telangana State, India
Authors: Ch. Mamatha , Mallaiah B. , Chorgasti Nandappa , Bhadru D. 
Published: July 2022

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important cereal crops of the world and world’s third most leading cereal crop, after wheat and rice. Maize is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, fusarium wilt of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides is most serious disease of maize. Tweleve isolates of F. vericillioides were studied for its cultural, morphological and pathogenic variability. Microconidia were hyaline, oval to club shaped with a flattened base and measured 5.12-7.11 μm X 2.04-3.18 μm (L×W). Macroconidia were sickle shaped with 3-5 septa and measured 20.01-31.12 μm X 2.01-3.21 μm (L×W). The radial mycelial growth of test isolates ranged from 4.32 mm to 8.65 mm at 10 days after inoculationon on PDA medium. However, maximum mycelial growth was recorded by the isolate F-ISO-5 in all the three mediums and mean maximum growth of isolates were observed in CMA. The fungal colony of Fusarium isolates on PDA were initially white, floccose which turned purple to dark brown after 7 days of incubation at 28 ± 2ºC. Cultures developed pigmentation like pink, light purple, dark violet which varied with age. All the tested isolates were pathogenic on tested maize cultivar (kaveri- 50). However, the disease severity was varied among the isolates. Fusarium isolates F-ISO-7 was highly virulent which caused severe disease upon inoculation with disease score of 8.0 on 1-9 scale followed by F-ISO-1, F-ISO-3, F-ISO-4, F-ISO-5, F-ISO-6 and F-ISO-8.
Effect of Partial Root Drying and Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato Grown Under Greenhouse
Authors: Anil Chavan , Thiyagarajan G. , Selvakumar S. , Velmurugan M. , Kannan Balaji 
Published: July 2022

Water conservation strategies are becoming increasingly important as a result of the shortage of water and climate change. The purpose of this study is to address water-saving irrigation strategies by evaluating the effect of partial root drying irrigation (PRD) and Deficit Irrigation (DI) practice on the yield and water use efficiency of tomatoes (Shivam variety). The treatments were partial root drying (PRD) at 75% and 50% crop evapotranspiration, ETc (PRD25 and PRD50, respectively), and deficit irrigation (DI) at 75% and 50% of ETc (DI25 and DI50, respectively). The PRD practice requires wetting one half of the root zone and keeping the other half dry, consequently using less amount of irrigation water that was applied. In the successive irrigations, the wet and dry sides were alternated. Over a growing season after transplanting, the highest fruit yield was obtained under FULL irrigation (225 t ha-1). In comparison to deficit irrigation that received the same quantity of water, the PRD treatments produced an increased yield of 5–10%. PRD and DI irrigation improved WUE considerably, and that was 30.35% and 25.71% respectively higher than FI. Results suggest that PRD treatment may be an option in a water shortage.
From the Sublime to the Sublimated
Authors: Asher Annette 
Published: July 2022

The paper is about Mozart's most symbolical opera The Magic Flute- Die Zauberflöte. Mozart was most certainly the world's greatest musical genius and often the beauty and charm of his music is linked to what is commonly described as a happy childhood. He had a close and loving relationship with his parents- reflected in volumes of affectionate letters which passed between him and them. Compared to some great composers, who often seem to have lived unhappy, frustrating and occasionally mentally disturbed lives, without the benefit of supportive parents, Mozart's life was not at all bad by 18th century standards. However, the biographies of Mozart as well as the letters also reveal much that would cause us, as curious psychotherapists rather than as musicologists, to wonder whether all was as well internally as his music and his biographies suggest.
Electrically Conductive 2D Material Coatings for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Comparative Review of Graphenes and MXenes
Authors: Orts Mercadillo Vicente , Chan Kai Chio , Caironi Mario , Athanassiou Athanassia , Kinloch Ian A. , Bissett Mark , Cataldi Pietro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in transitioning electronic components and circuitry from stiff and rigid substrates to more flexible and stretchable platforms, such as thin plastics, textiles, and foams. In parallel, the push for more sustainable, biocompatible, and cost‐efficient conductive inks to coat these substrates has led to the development of formulations with novel nanomaterials. Among these, 2D materials, particularly graphene and MXenes, have received intense research interest due to their increasingly facile and scalable production, high electrical conductivity, and compatibility with existing manufacturing techniques. They enable a range of electronic devices, including strain and pressure sensors, supercapacitors, thermoelectric generators, and heaters. These new flexible and stretchable electronic devices developed with 2D material coatings are poised to unlock exciting applications in the wearable, healthcare and Internet of Things sectors. This review surveys key data from more than 200 articles published over the past 6 years to provide a quantitative analysis of recent progress in the field and shed light on future directions and prospects of this technology. It is found that despite the different chemical origins of graphene and MXenes, their shared electrical properties and 2D morphology guarantee intriguing performance in end applications, leaving plenty of space for shared progress and advancements in the future.
Efficient and Stable Tin Perovskite Solar Cells by Pyridine‐Functionalized Fullerene with Reduced Interfacial Energy Loss
Authors: Li Bo , Wu Xin , Zhang He , Zhang Shoufeng , Li Zhen , Gao Danpeng , Zhang Chunlei , Chen Muqing , Xiao Shuang , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Yang Shangfeng , Zhu Zonglong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs), fullerene (C60) and fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are commonly utilized electron transport materials. However, the energetic disorder, inadequate passivation, and energy level mismatch of C60 and PCBM limit the improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and lifespan of tin PSCs. In this work, a multifunctional interface manipulation strategy is developed by introducing a pyridine‐functionalized fullerene derivative, fullerene‐n‐butyl‐pyridine (C60‐BPy), into the interface between the tin perovskite and the electron transport layer (ETL) to improve the photovoltaic performance and stability of tin PSCs. The C60‐BPy can strongly anchor on the perovskite surface via coordination interactions between the pyridine moiety and the Sn2+ ion, which not only reinforces the passivation of the trap‐state within the tin perovskite film, but also regulates the interface energy level alignment to reduce non‐radiative recombination. Moreover, the improved interface binding and carrier transport properties of C60‐BPy contribute to superior device stability. The resulting devices have achieved the highest PCE of 14.14% with negligible hysteresis, and are maintained over 95% of their initial PCE under continuous one‐sun illumination for 1000 h.
Multifunctional Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Angle‐Ply Microstructure and Co‐Delivery Capacity Promote Partial Repair and Total Replacement of Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Han Feng , Yu Qifan , Chu Genglei , Li Jiaying , Zhu Zhuang , Tu Zhengdong , Liu Changjiang , Zhang Weidong , Zhao Runze , Mao Haijiao , Han Fengxuan , Li Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent clinical need for the treatment of annulus fibrosus (AF) impairment caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration or surgical injury. Although repairing injured AF through tissue engineering is promising, the approach is limited by the complicated angle‐ply microstructure, inflammatory microenvironment, poor self‐repairing ability of AF cells and deficient matrix production. In this study, electrospinning technology is used to construct aligned core–shell nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with transforming growth factor‐β3 (TGFβ3) and ibuprofen (IBU), respectively. The results confirm that the rapid IBU release improves the inflammatory microenvironment, while sustained TGFβ3 release enhances nascent extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Biomaterials for clinical applications must repair local AF defects during herniectomy and enable AF regeneration during disc replacement, so a box defect model and total IVD replacement model in rat tail are constructed. The dual‐drug delivering electrospun scaffolds are assembled into angle‐ply structure to form a highly biomimetic AF that is implanted into the box defect or used to replace the disc. In two animal models, it is found that biomimetic scaffolds with good anti‐inflammatory ability enhance ECM formation and maintain the mechanical properties of IVD. Findings from this study demonstrate that the multifunctional nanofibrous scaffolds provide inspirations for IVD repair.
Generation and Control of Coherent Terahertz Phonons in Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Martins Renato Juliano , Petit Marlène , Brûlé Yoann , Billard Franck , Hertz Edouard , Cluzel Benoit , Demichel Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSemiconductor nanostructures are used in many applications, from electronics to nanophotonics to cite just a few, and most of these applications are based on silicon or silicon‐related technologies. With the miniaturization of these nanoscale devices, heat dissipation becomes a limitation to their efficiency, robustness, and reliability. Hence, managing thermal effects at nanoscale is attracting a growing interest and a promising approach relies on the control of acoustic phonons that are responsible of heat transfers. However, these phonons in silicon have high frequencies in the terahertz range which makes them hard to control and detect, thus limiting basic investigation and practical implementations. In this work, employing coherent control of femtosecond laser pulses and inelastic scattering spectroscopy, it is reported on the coherent generation, the control, and the detection of acoustic phonons in silicon metasurfaces in which light–matter interactions are enhanced.
Quantitative Theory for the Electrical Breakdown of High‐Temperature Dielectric Materials under High Temperature and Electric Field
Authors: Wang Ruzhuan , Li Weiguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe electrothermal breakdown of high‐temperature dielectric materials has received increasing attention. However, the theoretical characterization of quantitative relationship between breakdown strength and temperature has been a challenge. Herein, a theory termed energy storage capacity has been developed to generate and understand the nature of this quantitative relationship. This theory defines a limit value of stored energy associated with the material breakdown, including electric energy and the equivalent heat energy. Then, a parameter‐free theoretical model of temperature‐dependent breakdown strength of materials is developed, which takes into account the effects of dielectric constant and melting point. This non‐fitting model, without the need to carry out any destructive experiments and data fitting, is validated with excellent agreement between the predicted and measured values of both polymers and ceramics, monolithic and multilayered polymer/ceramic composites. It is shown that the failure of large classes of substances, including ceramics and polymers under heat and electrical force or mechanical force can be accurately modeled using the concept of the temperature independent limit value of the stored energy. This should become the new insight and entry point for the development of quantitative characterization of temperature‐dependent physical and mechanical properties of materials.
The contribution of the Online Agricultural and Resource Economics Seminar to diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in agricultural and applied economics
Authors: Bellemare Marc F. , Bloem Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the early days of the COVID‐19 pandemic, we launched the Online Agricultural and Resource Economics Seminar (OARES) in an ostensible effort to maintain a semblance of normalcy in agricultural and applied economics. Our goal with the OARES was to break down the privilege barrier in two ways: by (i) featuring research mainly by junior, female, or minority scholars, and (ii) bringing frontier research to those who may not have had access to a regular seminar series prior to the pandemic. We thus discuss the contribution of the OARES to diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in agricultural and applied economics.
Beryllium disease among construction trade workers at Department of Energy nuclear sites: A follow‐up
Authors: Cloeren Marianne , Dement John , Gaitens Joanna , Hines Stella , Diaz Liliana , Tembunde Yazmeen , Cranford Kim , Shorter Janet , Mosier Terry , Ringen Knut ,   Beryllium in Construction
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundConstruction workers at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear weapons facilities are screened to identify DOE‐related occupational illnesses, including beryllium sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). The study objectives were to estimate beryllium disease risks and the CBD claims acceptance rate in the energy workers' benefits program.MethodsWorkers diagnosed with BeS via beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) included in screening examinations were interviewed about subsequent diagnosis of CBD. We estimated the proportion who developed CBD based on the ratio of CBD cases, based on self‐reported compensation claim status, to all workers with BeS interviewed. We used stratified analyses to explore trends in disease frequency by age, race, sex, DOE employment duration, site, trade group, and cigarette smoking history.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2020, 21,854 workers received a BeLPT; 262 (1.20%) had BeS (two abnormals or one abnormal plus one borderline test); 212 (0.97%) had a single abnormal BeLPT. Of 177 BeS workers interviewed, 35 (19.8%) reported an accepted CBD compensation claim. The claims acceptance rate among BeS workers increased with years of DOE employment, from 8.4% with <5 years to 33.3% for >25 or more years. Five of 68 interviewed workers with a single positive BeLPT reported CBD claim acceptance; an additional CBD case was confirmed by chart review (8.8%).ConclusionsYears of DOE work predict the risk of developing CBD among those sensitized and getting a claim for CBD accepted. Ongoing surveillance and increased awareness of the risk of beryllium exposure and CBD as an occupational disease among construction workers are needed.
Synthesis of α‐Aryl Ketones by Harnessing the Non‐Innocence of Toluene and its Derivatives: Enhancing the Acidity of Methyl Arenes by a Brønsted Base and their Mechanistic Aspects
Authors: Sreedharan Ramdas , Pal Pradeep Kumar , Panyam Pradeep Kumar Reddy , Priyakumar U. Deva , Gandhi Thirumanavelan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKetones are the key functional group that recurs in chemistry and biology, and accessing them through simple and economic ways is highly desirable. Herein, we report the synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones from abundant toluene and alkyl esters, where volatile alcohols are the sole byproduct. This protocol applies to a repertoire of substrates bearing electron‐donating, electron‐withdrawing, and neutral substituents. Most importantly, the organometallic ferrocenyl ester underwent aroylation with ease. This method is the first example to furnish diketones from methyl arenes and diesters. Furthermore, cyclic imide was synthesized by this protocol utilizing KN(SiMe3)2 as a ′nitrogen′ source. Density functional theory studies provide insight into deprotonation of toluene by K+‐π interaction by increasing its acidity, and this being the rate‐determining step.
Suppressing Electron Back‐Donation for a Highly CO‐tolerant Fuel Cell Anode Catalyst via Cobalt Modulation
Authors: Yang Yu , Gao Fei‐Yue , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Qin Shuai , Zheng Li‐Rong , Wang Ye‐Hua , Liao Jie , Yang Qing , Gao Min‐Rui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlatinum on carbon (Pt/C) catalyst is commercially adopted in fuel cells but it undergoes formidable active‐site poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO). In particular, given the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in anion‐exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), the issues of Pt poisoning and slow rate would combine mutually, notably worsening the device performances. Here we overcome these challenges through incorporating cobalt (Co) into molybdenum‐nickel alloy (MoNi4), termed Co‐MoNi4, which not only shows superior HOR activity over the Pt/C catalyst in alkali, but more intriguingly exhibits excellent CO tolerance with only small activity decay after 10 000 cycles in the presence of 500 parts per million (ppm) CO. When feeding with CO (250 ppm)/H2, the AEMFC assembled by this catalyst yields a peak power density of 394 mW cm−2, far exceeding the Pt/C catalyst. Experimental and computational studies reveal that weakened CO chemisorption originates from the electron‐deficient Ni sites after Co incorporation that suppresses d→CO 2π* back‐donation.
Lösungsmittelabhängige oxidative Addition und reduktive Eliminierung von H2 an einer Gallium‐Zink‐Bindung
Authors: Morris Louis J. , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Okumura Akira , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractH2 addiert reversibel an die Metall‐Metall‐Bindung von [(BDI)Ga(H)‐Zn(tmeda)(thf)][BAr4F] (BDI−=[HC{C(CH3)N(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)}2]−, TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylethylendiamin, BAr4F−=[B(C6H3‐3,5‐(CF3)2)4]−). Aufgrund der stabilisierenden Wirkung der Lösungsmittelkoordination werden in THF die Hydrierungsprodukte [(BDI)GaH2] und [(tmeda)ZnH(thf)][BAr4F] bevorzugt, aber THF‐freie Mischungen aus [(BDI)GaH2] und [(tmeda)ZnH(OEt2)][BAr4F] neigen zur entropisch getriebenen Dehydrierung zu [(BDI)Ga(H)‐Zn(tmeda)][BAr4F] in Fluorbenzol.
Over 70 % Faradaic Efficiency for CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol Enabled by Potassium Dopant‐Tuned Interaction between Copper Sites and Intermediates
Authors: Ding Lianchun , Zhu Nannan , Hu Yan , Chen Zheng , Song Pin , Sheng Tian , Wu Zhengcui , Xiong Yujie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is highly desired yet challenging to steer the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2ER) toward ethanol with high selectivity, for which the evolution of reaction intermediates on catalytically active sites holds the key. Herein, we report that K doping in Cu2Se nanosheets array on Cu foam serves as a versatile way to tune the interaction between Cu sites and reaction intermediates in CO2ER, enabling highly selective production of ethanol. As revealed by characterization and simulation, the electron transfer from K to Se can stabilize CuI species which facilitate the adsorption of linear *COL and bridge *COB intermediates to promote C−C coupling during CO2ER. As a result, the optimized K11.2%‐Cu2Se nanosheets array can catalyze CO2ER to ethanol as a single liquid product with high selectivity in a potential area from −0.6 to −1.2 V. Notably, it offers a Faradaic efficiency of 70.3 % for ethanol production at −0.8 V with as is stable for 130 h.
Antibiotic‐Derived Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography: Nuclear or “Unclear” Infection Imaging?
Authors: Gouws Arno Christiaan , Kruger Hendrik Gerhardus , Gheysens Olivier , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Govender Thavendran , Naicker Tricia , Ebenhan Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe excellent features of non‐invasive molecular imaging, its progressive technology (real‐time, whole‐body imaging and quantification), and global impact by a growing infrastructure for positron emission tomography (PET) scanners are encouraging prospects to investigate new concepts, which could transform clinical care of complex infectious diseases. Researchers are aiming towards the extension beyond the routinely available radiopharmaceuticals and are looking for more effective tools that interact directly with causative pathogens. We reviewed and critically evaluated (challenges or pitfalls) antibiotic‐derived PET radiopharmaceutical development efforts aimed at infection imaging. We considered both radiotracer development for infection imaging and radio‐antibiotic PET imaging supplementing other tools for pharmacologic drug characterization; overall, a total of 20 original PET radiotracers derived from eleven approved antibiotics.
Solvent‐Dependent Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination of H2 Across a Gallium‐Zinc Bond
Authors: Morris Louis J. , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Okumura Akira , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractH2 adds reversibly across the metal‐metal bond of [(BDI)Ga(H)−Zn(tmeda)(thf)][BAr4F] (BDI=[HC{C(CH3)N(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)}2]−, TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine, BAr4F−=[B(C6H3‐3,5‐(CF3)2)4]−). Due to the stabilising effect of solvent coordination, hydrogenation products [(BDI)GaH2] and [(tmeda)ZnH(thf)][BAr4F] are favoured in THF solution, but THF‐free mixtures of [(BDI)GaH2] and [(tmeda)ZnH(OEt2)][BAr4F] are predisposed towards entropically driven dehydrogenation to [(BDI)Ga(H)−Zn(tmeda)][BAr4F] in fluorobenzene solution.