bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acridinium‐conjugated aromatic heterocycles as highly potent FtsZ inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Song Di , Zhang Nan , Ma Yangchun , Zhang Shenyan , Chen Weijin , Guo Ting , Ma Shutao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe epidemic of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious threat to public health, and new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are in critical need. We rationally designed and efficiently synthesized three series of new chemical entities with potential antibacterial activity targeting filamenting temperature‐sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ). Evaluation of these compounds against a panel of Gram‐positive bacteria including MDR and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus strains indicated that most compounds showed enhanced antibacterial efficacy, comparable or even superior to the reference drugs. The newly synthesized compounds proved to be substrates of the Escherichia coli efflux pump AcrB, thus affecting the activity. Their structure–activity relationships were summarized in detail. The most potent compound 10f quickly eliminated bacteria in a bactericidal mode, with low susceptibility to induce bacterial resistance. Further mechanistic studies with the BsFtsZ protein revealed that 10f functioned as an effective FtsZ inhibitor through altering the dynamics of FtsZ self‐polymerization via a stimulatory mechanism, which leads to inhibition of cell division and cell death. Besides, 10f not only displayed no obvious cytotoxicity to mammalian cells but also had a high efficacy in a murine model of bacteremia in vivo. Regarded as a whole, our findings highlight 10f as a promising new FtsZ‐targeting bactericidal agent.
The emerging science of content labeling: Contextualizing social media content moderation
Authors: Morrow Garrett , Swire‐Thompson Briony , Polny Jessica Montgomery , Kopec Matthew , Wihbey John P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the online information ecosystem, a content label is an attachment to a piece of content intended to contextualize that content for the viewer. Content labels are information about information, such as fact‐checks or sensitive content warnings. Research into content labeling is nascent, but growing; researchers have made strides toward understanding labeling best practices to deal with issues such as disinformation, and misleading content that may affect everything from voting to health. To make this review tractable, we focus on compiling the literature that can contextualize labeling effects and consequences. This review summarizes the central labeling literature, highlights gaps for future research, discusses considerations for social media, and explores definitions toward a taxonomy. Specifically, this article discusses the particulars of content labels, their presentation, and the effects of various labels. The current literature can guide the usage of labels on social media platforms and inform public debate over platform moderation.
anti‐Markovnikov Iodofluorination of Alkenes
Authors: Qian Bai‐Yu , Zhang Wei , Lin Jin‐Hong , Cao Weiguo , Xiao Ji‐Chang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fluorination of alkenes with electrophilic N−F type reagents usually occurs through a Markovnikov‐type addition, and the anti‐Markovnikov‐type addition may require the use of a transition metal catalyst or an expensive catalyst. Herein we describe a convenient anti‐Markovnikov iodofluorination of alkenes with Selectfluor/nBu4NI. A wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance were observed. The process allows for the construction of various C−F bonds, especially tertiary C−F bonds. The remarkable features make this protocol attractive, including convenient operations, simple reaction conditions, and the installation of an iodine atom which provides possibilities for further transformations.
Critical Periods in Science and the Science of Critical Periods: Canine Behavior in America
Authors: Bolman Brad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article offers a canine history of the “critical period” concept, situating its emergence within a growing, interdisciplinary network of canine behavior studies that connected eugenically minded American veterinarians, behavioral geneticists, and dog lovers with large institutional benefactors. These studies established both logistical and conceptual foundations for large‐scale science with dogs while establishing a lingering interdependence between American dog science and eugenics. The article emphasizes the importance of dogs as subjects of ethological study, particularly in the United States, where some of the earliest organized efforts to analyze canine behavior began. Further, the article argues that the “critical period” is important not only for its lasting prominence in multiple fields of scientific inquiry, but also as a historiographical tool, one that invites reflection on the tendency of historians to emphasize a particular narrative structure of scientific advancement.
Missing data imputation in clinical trials using recurrent neural network facilitated by clustering and oversampling
Authors: Haliduola Halimu N. , Bretz Frank , Mansmann Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn clinical practice, the composition of missing data may be complex, for example, a mixture of missing at random (MAR) and missing not at random (MNAR) assumptions. Many methods under the assumption of MAR are available. Under the assumption of MNAR, likelihood‐based methods require specification of the joint distribution of the data, and the missingness mechanism has been introduced as sensitivity analysis. These classic models heavily rely on the underlying assumption, and, in many realistic scenarios, they can produce unreliable estimates. In this paper, we develop a machine learning based missing data prediction framework with the aim of handling more realistic missing data scenarios. We use an imbalanced learning technique (i.e., oversampling of minority class) to handle the MNAR data. To implement oversampling in longitudinal continuous variable, we first perform clustering via ‐mean trajectories. And use the recurrent neural network (RNN) to model the longitudinal data. Further, we apply bootstrap aggregating to improve the accuracy of prediction and also to consider the uncertainty of a single prediction. We evaluate the proposed method using simulated data. The prediction result is evaluated at the individual patient level and the overall population level. We demonstrate the powerful predictive capability of RNN for longitudinal data and its flexibility for nonlinear modeling. Overall, the proposed method provides an accurate individual prediction for both MAR and MNAR data and reduce the bias of missing data in treatment effect estimation when compared to standard methods and classic models. Finally, we implement the proposed method in a real dataset from an antidepressant clinical trial. In summary, this paper offers an opportunity to encourage the integration of machine learning strategies for handling of missing data in the analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Effects of Isoeugenol‐Based Polyphenolic Compounds
Authors: Tayhan Secil Erden , Bilgin Sema , Yıldırım Aslı , Koc Esra , Ceylan Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this research, the effect of synthesized polyphenolic compounds 4 and 5 at the cellular and molecular levels was examined. Within this framework, related substances effects on prostate cell (PC3) viability were evaluated by MTT analysis, and their effects on migration were examined by in vitro scratch analysis. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of gene regions known to be associated with metastasis and apoptosis were determined by real‐time quantitative PCR. DNA binding researches have also been carried out to determine the DNA compound interactions. As a consequence, it was determined that 4 and 5 obstructed the PC3 cell viability in a manner that is dose‐ and time‐dependent. The IC50 dose of 4 and 5 in PC3 cell was found to be 60.14 μM, 15.51 μM for 48 h, respectively. 4 and 5 substances showed suppressive effect on migration of PC3 cancer cells in the in vitro scratch model created at IC50 concentrations. Compared to the negative control, PC3 cancer cells treated with 4 and 5 showed 24 % and 46 % closure, respectively, at the wound site at 48 h. 4 and 5 compounds were treated at IC50 concentrations with PC3 cancer cells for 48 h, and then the effects of both compounds on the gene expression, that have been linked to metastasis and apoptosis, at the mRNA level were evaluated. It was determined that 4 decreased the expression of the HIF1‐α gene 294 times and 5 decreased the expression of the said gene 30 times. In addition, both 4 and 5 were able to significantly increase the Bax/Bcl‐2 mRNA expression ratio (32.65 and 10.46 fold, P<0.0001) in PC3 cells as compared to untreated cells after 48 h. Finally, when DNA binding analysis results were evaluated, it was determined that both polyphenolic compounds did not bind to DNA at the tested time and concentrations and did not cause DNA breaks.
Post‐COVID‐19 maxillary osteonecrosis and floating maxillary teeth due to mucormycosis in two uncontrolled diabetic patients
Authors: Fakhar Mahdi , Zakariaei Zakaria , Sharifpour Ali , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Pourmousa Rostam , Soleymani Mostafa , Ghasemi Maryam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMucormycosis is a rare, invasive, quickly progressing fungal infection that generally affects patients who are immunocompromised. If left untreated, the disease is characterized by progressive necrosis and is often fatal. We present two cases of post‐COVID‐19 mucormycosis with a history of several years of uncontrolled diabetic mellitus.
Cyclosporine A therapy of chronic lymphoblastic leukemia‐related pancytopenia: A case report
Authors: Wang Mengying , Meng Ruoyu , Gao Yan , Huang Junxia , Li Tianlan , Mao Chunxia , Liu Shanshan , Xu Yujie , Xu Han , Feng Xianqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with secondary pancytopenia. Here, a case of pancytopenia secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reported. Additionally, a review of relevant chronic lymphocytic leukemia literature was conducted to summarize its diagnosis, clinical characteristics, treatment history, and experience. After treatment with cyclosporine A, the patient's chronic lymphocytic leukemia continued to resolve, and hematopoiesis returned to normal. Cyclosporine A therapy resulted in improved patient outcomes. However, the mechanism by which cyclosporine A rebuilds the immune microenvironment and its antileukemia effect in the body remains to be studied.
Electrochemical Oxidative ortho‐Selective Trifluoromethylation of N‐Arylamides
Authors: Du Jinze , Gao Di , Zhang Dong , Lin Xinxin , Liu Chengkou , Zhu Ning , Yang Zhao , He Wei , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA metal‐catalyst‐free and external‐oxidant‐free electrochemical oxidative radical C−H ortho‐trifluoromethylation is presented. The reaction specifically occurred at the ortho‐position of anilides without directing groups. Various anilides showed good tolerance to provide the desired products in moderate to good yields. In addition, the gram‐scale amplified product of benzanilide was obtained with a yield of 64 %, which proved that it has a certain application potential.
Stabilized Coralloid‐like CoP with N,P‐Codoped Carbon Shell on Carbon Paper for Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Xueying , Duan Fenyan , Xu Yalin , Lin Yongyuan , Zheng Wenlong , Cao Zhenru , Liu Lei , Zhu Xindong , Deng Miaoran , Dan Yuanyuan , Cheng Xiaofang , Chen Lizhuang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrode material made by conversion/alloying reaction possesses a high capacity but suffers from serious volumetric variation and pulverization during electrochemical storage cycling of sodium ions. Herein, we designed the coralloid‐like CoP with N,P‐codoped carbon shell on carbon paper derived from a metal‐organic framework shell. The N,P‐codoped carbon shell not only keeps the structural integrity of the nanomaterial but also introduces vacancies on the electrode material to provide abundant coordination of unsaturated sites for sodium storage. The optimized coralloid‐like CoP with N,P‐codoped carbon shell on carbon paper delivers a high reversible capacity of 318.9 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 150 cycles. Even when the current density is 1000 mA g−1 after 1000 cycles, it still maintains a high discharge capacity of 191.2 mAh g−1. The electrochemical analysis reveals self‐standing hierarchical structure benefits to the chemical mass diffusion and electron conduction. This work provides a new strategy for the exploitation of advanced anode electrodes with a long life for sodium‐ion batteries.
Transition Metal Doping Induces Ti3+ to Promote the Performance of SrTiO3@TiO2 Visible Light Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Prepare C1 Product.
Authors: Sun Hao , Dong Cunlu , Huang Aijun , Zhan Haijuan , Wang Gang , Liu Wanyi , Ma Baojun , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransition metal Fe, Co, Ni and Cu doped strontium titanate‐rich SrTiO3@TiO2 (STO@T) materials were prepared by hydrothermal method. The prepared doped materials exhibit better photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 ability under visible light conditions. Among them, Fe‐doped and undoped SrTiO3@TiO2 under visible light conditions CO2 reduction products only CO, while M‐STO@T (M=Co, Ni, Cu) samples converted CO2 to CH4. The average methane yield of Ni‐doped STO@T samples are as high as 73.85 μmol g−1 h−1. The production of methane is mainly due to the increase in the response of the doped samples to visible light. And the increase in the separation rate of photogenerated electrons and holes and the efficiency of electron transport caused by the generation of impurity levels. The impurity level caused by Ti3+ plays an important role in the production of methane by CO2 visible light reduction. Ni doping effectively improves the photocatalytic performance of STO@T and CO2 reduction mechanism were explained.
Electrocatalytic CO2Reduction: from Discrete Molecular Catalysts to Their Integrated Catalytic Materials
Authors: Lei Kai , Yu Xia Bao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMolecular catalysts (metal complexes), with molecularly defined uniform active sites and atomically precise structural tailorability allowing for regulating catalytic performance through metal‐ and ligand‐centered engineering and elucidating reaction mechanisms via routine photoelectrochemical characterizations, have been increasingly explored for electrocatalytic CO2reduction (ECR). However, their poor stability and low catalytic current density are undesirable for practical applications. Heterogenizing discrete molecular catalysts can potentially surmount these issues, and the resulting integrated catalysts largely share catalytical properties with their discrete molecular counterparts, which bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and combine their advantages. This minireview surveys advances in design and regulation of molecular catalysts such as porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and bipyridine‐based metal complexes and their integrated catalytic materials for selective ECR.
Feasibility and safety of CT‐aided pericardiocentesis from a subxiphoid anterior approach by using fluoroscopy in patients with chronic pericardial effusions
Authors: Iwasaki Yu‐Ki , Fujimoto Yuhi , Ito‐Hagiwara Kanako , Oka Eiichiro , Hayashi Hiroshi , Kubota Yoshiaki , Murata Hiroshige , Yamamoto Teppei , Miyachi Hideki , Tara Shuhei , Tokita Yukichi , Yodogawa Kenji , Yamamoto Takeshi , Takano Hitoshi , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPericardiocentesis is an essential procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a subxiphoid anterior approach using fluoroscopy aided by a sagittal axis chest computed tomography (CT) view in comparison with an ultrasound‐guided apical approach in patients with chronic pericardial effusion.MethodsAmong 72 consecutive patients (68.8 ± 14.4 years old, 52 males) with hemodynamically stable chronic pericardial effusions, a total of 85 procedures were retrospectively analyzed. We divided them into two groups according to the site of the approach for the pericardiocentesis.ResultsA subxiphoid anterior approach (n = 53) was performed guided by fluoroscopy. The sagittal axis view of the chest CT was constructed to determine the puncture angle and direction for the subxiphoid anterior approach. An apical approach (n = 32) was performed by ultrasound guidance. The success rates of the anterior and apical approaches were 98.1% and 93.8%, respectively. There were two cases with cardiac perforations in the apical approach group, while no cases developed perforations in the subxiphoid anterior approach group.ConclusionThe subxiphoid anterior approach for pericardiocentesis was feasible and safe for managing chronic pericardial effusions. A reconstruction of the sagittal axis view of the chest CT imaging was helpful to identify the direction and depth to access the pericardial space from the subxiphoid puncture site before the pericardiocentesis using the lateral fluoroscopic view.
Brief report: Cause of death among people discharged from infective endocarditis related hospitalization—West Virginia, 2016–2019
Authors: Dai Zheng , Smith Gordon S. , Hendricks Brian , Bhandari Ruchi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCompare proportion of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among West Virginia Medicaid enrollees who were discharged from infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalization with and without opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis.MethodsThe proportions of cause‐specific deaths among those who were discharged from IE‐related hospitalizations were compared by OUD diagnosis.ResultsThe top three underlying causes of death discharged from IE hospitalization were accidental drug poisoning, mental and behavioral disorders due to polysubstance use, and cardiovascular diseases. Of the total deaths occurring among patients discharged after IE‐related hospitalization, the proportion has increased seven times from 2016 to 2019 among the OUD deaths while it doubled among the non‐OUD deaths.Discussion and ConclusionsOf the total deaths occurring among patients discharged after IE‐related hospitalization, the increase is higher in those with OUD diagnosis. OUD is becoming a significantly negative impactor on the survival outcome among IE patients. It is of growing importance to deliver medication for OUD treatment and harm reduction efforts to IE patients in a timely manner, especially as the COVID‐19 pandemic persists.
Existence and Uniqueness of Green's Functions to Nonlinear Yamabe Problems
Authors: Li Yanyan , Nguyen Luc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor a given finite subset S of a compact Riemannian manifold (M,g) whose Schouten curvature tensor belongs to a given cone, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of a conformal metric on M\S such that each point of S corresponds to an asymptotically flat end and that the Schouten tensor of the conformal metric belongs to the boundary of the given cone. As a by‐product, we define a purely local notion of Ricci lower bounds for continuous metrics that are conformal to smooth metrics and prove a corresponding volume comparison theorem. © 2022 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Large Deviations for Intersections of Random Walks
Authors: Asselah Asselah , Schapira Bruno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe prove a large deviations principle for the number of intersections of two independent infinite‐time ranges in dimension 5 and greater, improving upon the moment bounds of Khanin, Mazel, Shlosman, and Sinaï [9]. This settles, in the discrete setting, a conjecture of van den Berg, Bolthausen, and den Hollander [15], who analyzed this question for the Wiener sausage in the finite‐time horizon. The proof builds on their result (which was adapted in the discrete setting by Phetpradap [12]), and combines it with a series of tools that were developed in recent works of the authors [2, 3, 5]. Moreover, we show that most of the intersection occurs in a single box where both walks realize an occupation density of order 1. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of deep learning and classical machine learning methods in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to temperament features
Authors: Altun Sinan , Alkan Ahmet , Altun Hatice 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms of attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity, with a prevalence of 8%–12% worldwide. Various studies have revealed that there may be a relationship between ADHD and temperament traits in the etiology of ADHD, which has a multifactorial etiology. According to our knowledge, there is no study in the literature that determines the use of machine learning methods in diagnosing ADHD uses a data set created with temperament characteristics. Different methods were used in this first study. The study included 60 ADHD patients and 60 control group children. The test scores of these children were collected from the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Medical Faculty, after obtaining the necessary ethics committee permission. ADHD diagnosis was made according to DSM‐5 classification. According to temperament characteristics, the highest classification success in ADHD diagnosis was calculated as 92.5% in decision tree method. Long short term memory (LSTM), one of the deep learning methods, achieved 88% classification success. The success of both methods is quite high and they have been compared with some ADHD classification studies in the literature.
Peptide‐Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles for the Colorimetric Detection of the Oncoprotein Mdm2 in Human Serum
Authors: Retout Maurice , Gosselin Bryan , Mattiuzzi Alice , Ternad Indiana , Jabin Ivan , Bruylants Gilles 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Gilles Bruylants and Prof. Ivan Jabin, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. The cover picture shows the principle of a colorimetric sensor, based on peptide‐conjugated silver nanoparticles, for the detection of the cancer biomarker Mdm2. The particles were functionalized via a recently developed strategy based on the use of calixarene diazonium salts. The calixarene‐based coating provides an unprecedented stability to the silver nanoparticles, enabling their use as colorimetric reporters for in vitro diagnostics. The cover was designed by I. Jabin. More information can be found in the Research Article by I. Jabin, G. Bruylants, and co‐workers.