bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF DIAZINONE IN MODEL PREPARATIONS BASED ON METHANOL AND ISOPROPANOL BY HIGHLY EFFICIENCY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)
Authors: Korobova O. V. , Samarska L. K. , Humenjuk S. L. , Bereziyk M. I. , Poliuzhyn L .I. , Tkachenko V. І. , Dushna O. M. 
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the stability of diazinon in two model mixtures in which the active substance content is 10%. Methyl and isopropyl alcohols were used as a basis for the production of model solutions with diazinon. According to the recipe of model drugs, methyl or isopropyl alcohols make up about half of the content of drug components.
The diazinon content was determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on 3, 14 and 21 days for the model mixture with methyl alcohol and on 14 and 50 days for the mixture with isopropyl alcohol.
A significant number of publications have been devoted to the study of the degradation of diazinon and other nonspecific organophosphorus pesticides under the influence of various factors. However, it remains relevant to study this process in mixtures of a certain composition, in particular in new veterinary drugs under development. This article presents a comparison of the results of determination the content of diazinon in model mixtures based on methyl and isopropyl alcohols.
The analyzes were performed on a Knauer liquid chromatograph with a spectrophotometric detector equipped with a Luna® Omega Polar C 18 150 × 4.6 mm column filled with a 5 μm sorbent of Phenomenex particle size with a 4 × 3.0 mm universal C 18 protective column. Mobile phase: degassed mixture of acetonitrile: water in the ratio 65:35, flow rate 1.1 ml / min at a column temperature of 20 °C, detection at a wavelength of 245 nm, injection volume - 0.050 ml, time of one separation - 20 minutes.
It was found that the content of diazinon on the 21st day of storage of the model mixture based on methyl alcohol is about 30 % of the applied, while on the 50th day of storage of the model mixture based on isopropyl alcohol – 97 %.
As we found in previous studies, the use of methyl alcohol is a probable factor in the breakdown of diazinon in the drug. The appearance of the peak of one of the products of diazinon for 3 min of the chromatogram of solutions of the production experimental preparation and the model mixture made in the HPLC laboratory with the solvent methanol was noted. When replacing methanol with isopropanol, the chromatogram of the drug solution did not show the appearance of an additional peak, except for the peak identified as diazinon. The use of isopropyl alcohol does not reduce the concentration of diazinon in the model mixture, as in the case of methanol. The composition with isopropyl alcohol provides relative stability of the model mixture.
TURNOVER MONITORING OF ANTIMICROBIAL VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MASTITIS IN DIARY COWS
Authors: Kosenko Yu. M. , Ostapiv N. V. , Zaruma L. E. , Ponomarova S. A. 
Published: January 2022

The goal of this study was to continue the implementation of the OIE recommendations for monitoring sales amounts of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products. The subject of the study were intramammary antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products, which were used to treat and prevent mastitis in cows. The problem of diagnostic, treating, and preventing mastitis is crucial for farms, as mastitis is a multifactorial disease that can cause significant economic losses. One of the principal factors in the development of mastitis is the invasion of pathogens, which causes subclinical and clinical infections of the udder. Antimicrobials for intramammary use has been a significant advance in the treatment of this disease, in both the lactation and dry-off periods. The study was conducted over four periods (from January 1 to December 31) during 2016-2019. The data were obtained through a written survey of marketing authorization holders and distributors and evaluated by qualitative and quantitative indices. Characteristics of annual sales amounts during 2016-2019 are presented by classes of antimicrobial substances in «kg» and «%» of active ingredients, as well as in defined daily DDDvet and course DCDvet doses for 1000 animals. Intramammary antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products occupied (0.06-0.44) % part among all antimicrobials sold.
The classes of antimicrobial substances that are most often sold (penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines) were determined and were shown the differences in their use in the composition of products intended for lactating and dry cows. Mass fractions were also determined, and daily DDDvet and course DCDvet doses per 1000 animals were calculated, which allowed revealing particular trends in sales of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products for intramammary administration. The defined course doses for the products intended for lactating cows were 5 times higher, than for the products used in the dry-off period.
First-generation and third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were among the critically important veterinary medicinal products, but their sales were not annual. Cephalosporins of all generations and fluoroquinolones are characterized by a tendency to decrease in sales amounts, which testify to their prudent use following the National Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance, 2019.
This study is maintenance of the national monitoring system implementation for the rational and prudent use of antimicrobial products in veterinary medicine.
EXPRESS METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERAL FEED TOXICITY USING BIOLUMINESCENT MICROORGANISMS PHOTOBACTERIUM PHOSPHOREUM
Authors: Kurbatska O. V. , Orobchenko O. L. 
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work was to develop an express method for determining the general toxicity of feed using bioluminescent microorganisms Photobacterium phosphoreum. The article describes the stages of development and the algorithm for the implementation of the express method. The development of an express method for biotesting feeds using photobacteria as a biosensor was to determine the possibility of Ph. рhosphoreum to provide an adequate assessment in the event of the action of toxicants, to test the preparation of feed samples for research and to establish the optimal exposure to determine the toxicity of the feed: the optimal feed weight was 10.0 g of extractant ethanol with a volume of 20.0 cm3; the method of extraction (vigorous shaking (15-20) min or extraction with periodic stirring for 24 hours, and the exposure before the study – (20-25) min.
The algorithm of the express method for determining the total toxicity of feed using bioluminescent microorganisms Photobacterium phosphoreum is as follows: a sample of feed weighing 10.0 g is crushed, transferred to a glass bottle, filled with 96° ethanol with a volume of 20 cm3 (this volume can be brought up to 50 cm3, so that alcohol completely covered the sample) and extracted with vigorous shaking (15-20) min. or left for 24 hours, then centrifuged at (1.5-2.0) thous. / min 10 min, after which the supernatant liquid is taken and examined on an EMILITE-1003 A luminometer. During testing, 0.02 cm3 of extract is added to the culture liquid in a volume of 1.0 cm3, the exposure time is noted and changes in the luminescence intensity are recorded on the device through (20-25) min. Under the same conditions, 96° ethanol was added as a control. Measurements are carried out sequentially or in pairs of control-experience, or at once all replicates of control samples, and then research ones. To obtain more reliable values, we recommend examining at least 4 replicates of samples (the number of replicates can be increased to 10).
RESEARCH OF FEED FOR PRODUCTIVE ANIMALS FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERAL MICROBIAL POLLUTION
Authors: Kushnir I. M. , Kolodiy G. V. , Murska S. D. , Semen I. S. , Berbeka U. Z. 
Published: January 2022

The article describes the results of microbiological studies of feed for productive animals. The main purpose of this study was to determine the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microorganisms, isolation and identification of microorganisms and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics.
In result of the conducted researches it`s established that the general microbial pollution of the investigated samples slightly exceeded indicators of permissible norm, that as a whole made 18 %.
When conducting identification of cultures, the following microorganisms were isolated - Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Herewith no enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli were detected.
The isolated microorganisms showed different sensitivity to the studied antibiotics. To the oxacillin sensitive were only two isolates of E. coli and P. aeruginosa and one isolate of Enterobacter spp. all other isolated microorganisms were resistant. To the ampicillin resistant were one isolate of P. aeruginosa, two isolates of Enterobacter spp., and two isolates of E. coli.
To the streptomycin, amikacini and gentamicin sensitive were all isolated microorganisms, highly sensitive to streptomycin - Enterobacter spp., amikacin, gentamicin - Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., P. aeruginosa, ofloxacin - E. сoli, P. аeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp.
To the ciprofloxacine resistant were one isolate of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. Also it was found that five isolates of P. aeruginosa and three isolates of Enterobacter spp. and E. coli, two - Klebsiella spp. were resistant to cefazolin. Resistant were two isolates of Klebsiella spp. and one isolate of Enterobacter spp. with zones of growth retardation 9 - 9,7 mm.
To the canakamycin, moderately sensitive were isolates of P. aeruginosa, sensitive were isolates of Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and E. coli.
Regarding polymyxin B, different isolates of P. aeruginosa had different sensitivity to this antibiotic, of which two isolated isolates were moderately sensitive and three isolates were sensitive.
In determining the sensitivity, it was found out that the resistance of isolated isolates of Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., E. coli and P. aeruginosa to oxacillin was 80 %, ampicillin and cefazolin – 20 %, ciprofloxacin – 13.3 %. Among the isolated microorganisms, 20 % were moderately sensitive to ampicillin, 13.3 % to tetracycline, 33.3 % to canakamycin, 53.3 % to rifampicin, and 20 % to polymyxin B.
STUDY OF PROBIOTIC ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF LACTOBACTERIA ISOLATED IN POULTRY FARMS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Machuskyy O. V. 
Published: January 2022

The use of probiotics is quite common in poultry, as they reduce the use of antimicrobials, improve poultry digestion and increase feed conversion.
The aim of the study was to study the probiotic properties and safety of lactobacilli isolated in poultry farms in Ukraine. For the study, samples were taken from poultry farms in Ukraine, in four regions. Samples of manure and washes from drinking troughs were taken from each of the farms. A total of 40 samples were taken. The delivered samples were examined in the conditions of the Ukrainian laboratory of quality and safety of agro-industrial complex products. Morphological, cultural, enzymatic properties, catalase activity, probiotic properties (synthesis of organic acids, resistance to bile, antagonistic properties and adhesive properties) and safety were investigated in the isolated microorganisms.
As a result of the study of the selected samples, 56 isolates of lactobacilli were isolated. Since we were interested in isolates with probiotic properties, a study of isolates on the indicator of "resistance to bile" was conducted. As a result of this study, four isolates were identified that were resistant to 1 % bile in the environment, these microorganisms were decided to study the rest of the indicators. According to the results of determining the enzymatic properties, it was determined that isolate 1 belongs to Lactobacillus acidophilus, isolate 2 - Lactobacillus casei, isolate 3 - Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and isolate 4 - Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus had a medium antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a high one against Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus casei isolate had moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus delbrueckii isolate had high antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The isolate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus had a medium antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and a high one against Escherichia coli. All four studied isolates had an average adhesion index.
GROWING OF ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTS OF GUINEA-FOWLS IN PRIVATE ECONOMY
Authors: Pustova N. V. 
Published: January 2022

The growing of guinea-fowls to increase the variety of products of the poultry farming to due to dietary products – eggs and meat of guinea-fowls. The method of researches foresaw the study of features of guinea-fowls as to the kind and productive qualities of breeds, populaces and crosses. Bases of maintenance and care are of guinea-fowls in a private economy, at enclosure and pasture maintenance of bird.
The breeds of guinea-fowls are most widespread – grey, blue, colorful (white-brisket) and whites of breed. Populaces of guinea-fowls: blue, cream, black (violet, dark), light violet (lavender), blue-violet (light-blue, lilac), yellow brown guinea-fowl, yellow (tin, copper). Guinea-fowls-broilers are created in France: cross-country races of ESSOR MI.LF but ESSOR ML.FL.
Bird well acclimatization, not especially sensible to the cold and not whimsical to the terms of maintenance; grow guinea-fowls in an ordinary apartment without the permanent heating. Especially well a sapling grows to 2,5 – monthly age. Grown man individuals usually hold to two years. It is upon completion hammered (to this time they become well fattened) in laying guinea-fowls and superfluous males in age three – five months, because for them more tender meat, than for a grown man bird. A bird can become laying already in 7 months, on condition of maintenance of them at this time in an apartment, at temperatures +14...+18 °С and to duration of light day 16 hours. There duration of the intensive bearing – 20-24 and to 36 weeks. Males arrive at puberty later females and pedigree season for them shorter – 12-16 weeks, sexual correlation is a 1 male on 4 females. For a pedigree season from every female it is possible to get on the average for 100-150 eggs. On the biological indexes of meat guinea-fowl it is considered the best from meat of poultry. Meat of guinea-fowls it is in quality attributed to the best, dietary – useful, irreplaceable source valuable an albumen. Food and agricultural organization of UNO (FAO) defined meat and egg of guinea-fowls as valuable, high-quality food of man stuffs.
To conduct guinea-fowls expediently for addition to the market by valuable, dietary food stuffs – ecological egg and meat. A positive price on products is instrumental in rapid recoupment of this production, and possibility to cut prime cost unit of products to due to reduction of prices of forage and unpretentiousness to maintenance of guinea-fowls.
STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY AND ECOLOGICAL TOXICITY OF BAIT FOR DESTRUCTION OF RATS AND MICE «BIOSAN» ON LABORATORY RODENTS
Authors: Sachuk R. M. , Velesik T. A. , Zhyhalyuk S. V. , Gutiy B. V. , Stravsky Ya. S. , Katsaraba O. A. , Pepko V. O. , Mahrelo N. V. 
Published: January 2022

The results of research show that the bait for the destruction of rats and mice «Biosan» rats eat willingly, completely. At simultaneous setting, in portable feeders, standard granulated feed and feed substrates of the manufacturer, rodents prefer the latter.
On the 2nd day in experimental rats there was a slight inhibition of behavioral reactions, frequent approaches to drinking. There was a slight increase in the frequency of respiratory movements – by 10 units on average. No clinical changes were detected in experimental mice.
On day 3 of the study, the average respiratory rate increased to 155 units per minute. In animals, there was a tendency to increase heart rate - tachycardia by 8,95 %. In two cages with rats - refusal of food, in others - reduction of food intake by 35 %. In one specimen, the rat has a visible leak from the nostril, the hair is bulging, there are traces of subcutaneous bleeding around the anus, there is no reaction to touch. No clinical changes were detected in the experimental mice, the food was eaten.
Blood tests showed anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, characteristic of inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract.
Interstitial pneumonia, rupture of the lateral venules of the left thigh, and cardiopathy were found in rats euthanized. On the fifth day, all experimental rats died.
Experimental mice showed signs of anemia (mucosal cyanosis) and behavioral disturbances, loss of appetite, or refusal to feed.
Experimental mice died for 7-8 days. The carcasses of animals are bluish, swollen, with signs of cardiopathy and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
The results of histological examinations and morphometric parameters in organs and tissues indicate that the initial changes occur in the immune organs (lymph nodes and spleen), and then the pathological process involves the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and other organs.
Bait for the destruction of rats and mice «Biosan» is made from concentrate «Bromadialone, 1,0%, solution», which, according to the parameters of acute oral and dermal toxicity, belongs to the 2nd class of highly dangerous compounds in relation to DSanPiN 8.8.1.2.002 -98 and SOU 85.2-37-736: 2011; does not pose an inhalation hazard (the active substance is not a volatile substance), but has an extremely pronounced cumulative property.
In the future it is planned to carry out complex deratization with the use of the drug «Bait for the destruction of rats and mice «Biosan».
HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKENS AFTER ACTION OF «ENTERONORMIN» IN COMPLEX WITH IODINE AND SELENIUM
Authors: Fiyalkovskiy P. , Broda N. , Vishchur О. , Mudrak D. 
Published: January 2022

The uncontrolled use of antibiotics, sulfanilamide preparations, coccidiostatics and numerous vaccinations leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, immunodeficiency and death of bird. In view of this, probiotics have been used to normalize the microflora of the intestine and the strengthening of immune and antioxidant functions. Microbial preparations from associations of non-pathogenic bacteria have a positive effect on performance and natural resistance of poultry, contribute to the restoration of a healthy microbiom and generally improve the efficiency of growing broilers. Therefore, in order to obtain biologically full and environmentally friendly poultry products, it is recommended to use synbiotic preparations from the first days of life.
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of indicators characterizing the hematological profile of broiler chickens during their cultivation under the action of the synbiotic preparation "Enteronormin" activated by aqueous solution of iodine and selenium. The drug contains living crops of useful microorganisms, the genus Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp. and bacteria Bacillus subtilis, chitosan water-soluble, peptone microbiological, as a source of vitamins of the group B and indispensable amino acids. The results of conducted experimental studies have shown that the use of chicken broilers of the synbiotic drug "Enteronormin" in a complex with iodine and selenium caused a stimulus effect on the oxygen-transport function of blood. As evidenced by a greater number of erythrocytes and concentration of hemoglobin in the blood of chicken broilers of the experimental group in relation to control in all periods of research.
Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Papua
Authors: Suprijati Jajuk , Damayanti Shanty Ratna , Irawan Darto 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalis rasio keuangan daerh untuk mengetahui posisi keuangan daerah Provinsi Papua, dan melihat dan menganalisis pengaruh dari pengelolaan keuangan daerah terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di provinsi Papua dengan memperhatikan rasio variabel keuangan daerah. Adapun variabel yang akan diteliti adalah RDDF (X1), REPD (X2), REKD (X3), AKD (X4) sebagai variabel bebas dan variabel terikat yaitu Tingkat Kemiskinan (Y) masyarakat Papua dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan terbukti variabel RDDF (X1), REPD (X2), REKD (X3), AKD (X4) mempunyai pengaruh secara simultan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan (Y) yang ditandai dengan nilai Nilai F hitung ≥ F tabel yaitu 4,772 ≥ 3,26 maka H0 ditolak , hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel RDDF (X1), REPD (X2), REKD (X3), AKD (X4) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kemiskinan (Y). Dengan tingkat signifikasi = 0,0364 < alpha = 0,05 . Kemudian pada uji t diketahui bahwa variabel bebas perpengaruh secara parsial terhadap variabel terikat dengan ttabel ≥ thitung, dimana t tabel diperoleh sebesar 1,7959. RDDF (X1) 1,7959 ≥ - 0,358, REPD (X2) 1.7959≥ - 0.688, variabel REKD (X3) 1,7959 ≥ 0.702.Ketiga variabel bebas tersebut berpengaruh parsial dan signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan (Y), lebih kecil dari 5%. Sedangkan untuk, AKD (X4) 1,7959 ≥ 0,539 maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa variabel tersebut berpengaruh parsial tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan (Y) karena tingkat signifikasinya ≥ 5%.
Clinical Outcome and Complication of Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery (ETSS) for Pituitary Adenoma: A Retrospective Study at Prime Teaching Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Khan Musawer , Hussain Arif , Ali Mumtaz 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The study aimed to ascertain the clinical outcome and complications of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) for pituitary adenomas.
Material & Methods: A retrospective study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery Prime Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. Pituitary adenoma was diagnosed in 89 patients on MRI Brain with contrast and post-surgical biopsy. Post-surgical outcomes and complications were documented.
Results: Out of 89 patients, 54% were male, and 46% female patients. The mean age was 42 ± 5 years. Headache was reported in 92% as a most common presentation, followed by decreased visual acuity in 62 %, amenorrhea in 22%, and acromegaly in 29% of patients. Overall, the symptoms related to surgical improvement were observed in 72% of patients. A good surgical outcome was observed in 80% of patients with microadenomas, as compared to the patients with macroadenomas. The most common complication was the transient diabetes insipidus followed by Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and post-operative hematoma.
Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) is a safe, less invasive, cosmetically effective technological advancement for pituitary adenomas.