bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Interlaboratory Method Comparison Study of GB 4789.40-2016 and ISO 22964:2017 Detection of Cronobacter spp. in Powdered Infant Formula
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Chen Jing , Yang Jinghua , Xu Jie , Liu Meiyun , Hu Yu , Jiang Yong , Zhang Xinxin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is documented that Cronobacter spp.(formely named as Enterobacter sakazakii) can live in the powdered infant formula (PIF) for a long period, and special concerns have been raised about the safety of powdered infant formula (PIF) contaminated by Cronobacter spp with the globalization of the food supply. A method comparison study between the Chinese standard method GB 4789.40–2016 (reference method) and the European standard method EN ISO 22964:2017 (alternative method) for detecting Cronobacter spp. in PIF was performed according to ISO 16140-2 2016. A total of 576 blind-coded test portions of the product spiked with the test strain at 3 different contamination levels were analyzed by 12 participating laboratories. The results showed that the sensitivity of GB 4789.40–2016 was 80% and 81.16% at the low and high contamination levels, respectively, while those of ISO 22964:2017 were 90% and 97.10%, respectively. The Relative Levels of Detection (RLODs) were below the acceptance limit (AL) regardless of the contamination level. The results were also analyzed using the probability of detection (POD) model proposed in the AOAC guidelines, and showed no statistically significant difference between the alternative and reference methods. The ISO 22964:2017 method was considered equivalent to the GB 4789.40–2016 method for the detection of C. sakazakii in PIF.
Profiling the m 6 A regulated RNA expression patterns and alternative splicing features in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Pu Youguang , Kong Lingsuo , Gao Fei , Zhao Fangfang , Xia Ran , Cai Cifeng , Tan Yiao , Huang Dabing , Li Zhenyu , Ge Fangfang , Wei Ran , Zang Chunbao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mRNA post-modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, have been found to play a role in a variety of cancers. The impact of m6A modification in esophageal cancer (EC), which is one of the most frequently occurred malignancies worldwide, is still unclear. Here we evaluated the m6A modification patterns in 161 EC samples based on 22 kinds of m6A regulatory factors. We constructed the m6Ascore, in which the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to quantify the m6A modification pattern of a single tumor. Two distinct m6A modification patterns were determined, namely risky pattern and favorable pattern. Patients of favorable pattern positively correlated with the prognosis, whereas patients of risky pattern had a negative correlation. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes that closely relate to the prognosis of EC patients were screened and clustered, yielding a principal component analysis coefficient to indicate the m6Ascore. Resultantly, the prognosis of EC patients is highly correlated with the combined effects of m6Ascore, stage and TMB. In addition, the correlation analysis revealed that the key transcription factor YY1 determines the m6Ascore via regulating the gene expression. The mutil-Cox analysis constructed the risk prediction model of alternative splicing, which negatively correlated with the m6Ascore. Moreover, the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 was found to have a most significant negative correlation with the risk score, and might regulate the alternative splicing of ABI1-ES. Altogether, we established a set of scoring system to quantify the m6A modification pattern with RNA alternative splicing events in individual EC patients.
The effect of litter addition on soil microbial and enzyme indices after forest harvesting operations in Hyrcanian deciduous forests, twenty years trajectory
Authors: Sohrabi Hadi , Jourgholami Meghdad , Labelle Eric R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Improvement of soil characteristics in natural conditions after ground-based forest harvesting operations is necessary to maintain soil quality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of different tree litters on soil microbial properties and enzyme activity of skid trails over a 20-year period after skidding operations. A total of 216 soil samples were taken from three litter treatments (B; beech, B-H; beech-hornbeam, B-H-O; mixed beech) exposed to three traffic intensity classes (low, medium, and high) that were each assigned to three time periods (6, 10 and 20 years after harvesting). All combinations were replicated three times. The highest value of soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activity belonged to B-H-O treatment followed by > B-H > B and 20-years since harvest followed by > 10 years > 6 years. Recovery of microbial properties and enzyme activities under the influence of high-quality litter (mixed beech) was positively associated with other soil properties including pH, total N, available nutrients. Values of soil microbial properties including soil microbial respiration (15%), microbial biomass carbon (8.7 %), microbial biomass nitrogen (15.4%), NH4+ (13.6%), NO3- (9.8 %) and enzyme activities such as urease (10.2%), acid phosphatase (4.4%), arylsulfatase (8.8%), invertase (6.9%) in the B-H-O treatment measured 20 years after harvesting were less than the values of the undisturbed area. According to these results, it seems that the mixed beech litter treatment has been able to improve soil properties more than the other tested treatments.
Instagram and Achilles Tendon Surgery: Evaluation of Patients' Perceptions of Surgery
Authors: Kultur Yigit , Bal Emre 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to research and analyze the content related to Achilles tendon surgery shared by patients on Instagram, to know more about the patients’ conditions in the perioperative period, which may be important for them but the physicians are unaware of.
Methods
Covering 78 months between February 15, 2015 and August 17, 2021, the posts published with the hashtag “#achillessurgery” and #achillesrepair” on Instagram were searched in the application’s database. Posts were evaluated using a binary scoring system: Media format, tone, return to work, return to sports, rehabilitation or physical therapy, images of ankle etc. (scar, dressing, stitches, cast, or walking boot), pain, and activities of daily living. The vast majority of posts were related to Achilles tendinopathy and these posts were excluded from the study. All patients who did not undergo Achilles surgery were excluded from the study. Physician accounts, accounts with advertising content related to rehabilitation or physical therapy, accounts related to health and veterinary posts were also excluded.
Results
Of the 500 posts reviewed, 74% were published by patients and 87% had a positive tone. The mean Instagram like ratio of the posts was 12%. About one third (30%) of the patients posted about the images of ankle etc. and return to sports in their social media posts. The most shared content were posts that had informative content about the disease (41%).
Conclusions
Our research on the use of social media regarding Achilles tendon surgery provides an alternative perspective on how patients feel about their surgical experience. Understanding the contents of the patients’ social media posts may provide an opportunity to better evaluate the surgical experience of patients, which may allow surgeons to manage their patients better.
Numerical simulation of the effect of internal hole defect size on the mechanical properties of limestone
Authors: Liu Handong , Liu Shuai , Zhao Yawen , Wang Jialiang , Zheng Chao , Xia Zhiguo , Zheng Guang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To better understand the effect of the size of hole defects on the mechanical properties of a rock mass, the two-dimensional particle flow discrete element code (PFC2D) is used to establish rock mass models with single circular hole defects of different diameters. Taking the defect size (area) as the only variable, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests are carried out on each model. The stress-strain, contact force chain, crack evolution, meso-damage and failure, and mechanical properties of each model are compared and analyzed. The results show that with the size enlargement of the circular hole defects, the UCS and elastic modulus of each model decrease gradually, and the defect size is negatively correlated with the mechanical strength of the rock samples. The size of the hole defects affects the entire process of contact force chain and crack evolution. The larger the aperture dimension of the circular hole defects in each model, the greater the concentration degree of the contact force chain, the earlier the crack initiation, and the higher the degree of crack penetration in post-peak stage. The number of cracks has a decreasing trend as the hole size increases, and the model is more prone to failure. Under the condition of the same defect area, the strength and failure characteristics of rock models with different numbers and arrangements of hole defects are compared and discussed.
The NLRP3 inflammasome signaling axis plays a primary role in acrylamide-induced pyroptosis and neurotoxic injury in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Zhang Boya , Deng Linlin , Zhao Liming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR), a soft electrophile, is a typical environmental and food contaminant that presents potential health hazards and, consequently, is attracting increasing attention in the quest for its control. ACR neurotoxicity has been widely reported in experimental animals and attributed to neuroinflammation, however the mechanisms involved therein require clarification. In this study, we used a neuron cell model to investigate the mechanisms of ACR-induced neuroinflammation and pyroptosis. The results showed that ACR treatment induced lytic cell death morphologically under both the canonical pyroptotic pathway (NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC)-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (caspase-1) -gasdermin D (GSDMD) -interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/interleukin-18 (IL-18)) and an alternative pyroptotic pathway (Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (caspase-3) -gasdermin E (GSDME) -IL-1β/IL-18) in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, cytokines release and lytic cell death induced by ACR were diminished by caspase-1 and -3 inhibitors. Furthermore, the knockdown of caspase-1 by small interfering RNA attenuated ACR-induced lytic cell death, suggesting that canonical pyroptosis (the NLRP3-caspase 1-GSDMD-IL-1β signaling axis) played a primary role in the ACR-induced pyroptosis. Of the two pyroptotic-related pathways, the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade was activated first within the 6 h period of ACR exposure, while the activation of the alternative pyroptotic pathway was delayed. Collectively, these results indicate that ACR mainly induce NLRP3-related neuroinflammation and pyroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, which is, thus, suggestive of an alternative mechanism for ACR-induced neurotoxicity.
miR-29c promotes alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster expression by activating the enhancer within ADH6
Authors: Chen Ningning , Luo Jiao , Hou Yufei , Ji Yanan , Xie Mengyue , Song Ge , Yu Dianke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) play vital roles in alcohol metabolism and alcohol toxicity, yet little is known about miRNA-mediated regulation of ADH gene cluster. Here, we showed that miR-29c might activate ADH gene cluster transcription by targeting an enhancer element within ADH6 gene. miR-29c is differentially expressed in alcoholic liver disease. Following biochemical and molecular evidences demonstrated that miR-29c could increase ADH6 mRNA and protein levels without affecting the stability of ADH6 transcript. Further evidence showed that exogenous miR-29c could move into the nucleus and then unconventionally bound an enhancer element within ADH6 gene. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation data indicated that miR-29c could activate the enhancer and increase the enrichment of RNA Polymerase II at the promoter region of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6. Finally, exogenous miR-29c transfection promoted the expressions of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, and ADH4 pre-mRNA and mRNA transcripts in the ADH gene cluster. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-29c might represent as a novel epigenetic regulator involved in ADH gene cluster activation.
Evaluate the clinical learning environment of "Nursing the Childbearing Family" Course from the students' perspectives
Authors: Fouly Howieda , Davidson Patricia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Simulation as an active pedagogical strategy helps students transfer their knowledge into technical skills and create rules through critical thinking. However, it needs a periodic evaluation from students' perspectives to be up to date with technology. Aim: To evaluate the clinical learning environment of the "Nursing the Childbearing Family" Course from the students' perspectives. Methods: Observational/ prospective design conducted at simulation labs of childbearing family course, school of nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA. 62 masters/postgraduate students out of 73 (more than 80%) enrolled in the childbearing course (Spring/2017). The study included all students who agreed to participate in the study. Results: The majority of the study's standards indicators regarding students' clinical site, clinical instructor achieved successfully. The comparison between students' perspectives before and after receiving clinical training reflected a statistical significance difference at p<0.05. A significant relationship between the students’ perspective regarding the clinical site and clinical instructors P<0.001. Conclusion: The majority of students’ perspectives toward the four standards are positively high except some perspectives refers to the need for more details in some topics such as obstetric emergencies "breech position, amniotic fluid embolism" which confirmed that the audit for the clinical environment gives the students more confidence to go behind the course procedures and ask for more complicated conditions.
Comparative study of the Neurotoxic Effects of Pregabalin versus Tramadol in Rats
Authors: Elsukary Ahmed E. , El-Kattan Mohammad A. , Helaly Ahmed M. N. Z. , Bakary Amal A. El , Moustafa Maha E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: In Egypt, both pregabalin and tramadol misuse increased in the last decade. Although many studies have confirmed the neurotoxic effects of tramadol, those of pregabalin are understudied. Aim of the study: evaluation of the neurotoxic effects of pregabalin compared with tramadol.Material and method: Thirty male albino rats were included in this experimental study, and they were randomly allocated into three equal groups; Group I (normal saline), Group II (Tramadol addicted), and Group III (pregabalin addicted). All rats received the commenced drugs for 1 month. Open-field tests were performed on the day of scarification, and after that, cortical samples were taken for immunohistochemical analysis and quantification of dopamine receptors' gene expression.Results: The addicted groups showed a significant decrease in weight gain at the end of the study. Open-field testing showed the upper hand of controls regarding all of the tested parameters. Tramadol has a more negative impact on the locomotor parameters compared with pregabalin. Both drugs induced relatively low dopamine-1 receptors (D1Rs) expression to dopamine-2 receptors (D2Rs), mimicking the schizophrenia model.Conclusion: Both tramadol and pregabalin were associated with neurotoxic effects in male albino rats. These effects were less noticed with pregabalin. It is suggested that long-term abuse may end in psychosis.
Effect of a music intervention on anxiety in adult critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kakar Ellaha , Ottens Thomas , Stads Susanne , Wesselius Sanne , Gommers Diederik A.M.P.J. , Jeekel Johannes , Jagt Mathieu van der 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies show positive effect of music on reducing anxiety, pain, and medication requirement. Anxiety has become a more pertinent issue in the intensive care unit (ICU) since wakefulness is preferred according to recent guidelines. Nevertheless, evidence on the effect of music in ICU patients is scarce. Therefore, we studied the effect of music intervention on anxiety in ICU patients.Methods: A multicentre randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and December 2021 in ICU’s at an academic medical center and two regional hospitals. Adult critically ill patients were eligible when hemodynamically stable and communicable (Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) of at least -2). Patients in the intervention arm were offered music twice daily during three days for at least 30 minutes per session. Patients in the control group received standard care. The primary outcome was anxiety level assessed with the visual analogue scale for anxiety [VAS-A; range 0-10] twice daily (morning and evening). Secondary outcomes included; 6-item state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI-6), sleep quality, delirium, heart rate, mean arterial pressure pain, RASS, medication, ICU length of stay, patients’ memory and experience of ICU stay. Results: 94 patients were included in the primary analysis. Music did not significantly reduce anxiety (VAS-A in the intervention group; 2.5(IQR 1.0-4.5), 1.8(0.0-3.6), and 2.5(0.0-3.6) on day 1,2, and 3 versus 3.0(0.6-4.0), 1.5(0.0-4.0), and 2.0(0.0-4.0) in the control group; p>0.92). Overall median daily VAS-A scores ranged from 1.5 to 3.0. Fewer patients required opioids (21 vs. 29, p=0.03) and sleep quality was lower in the music group on study day one (5.0(4.0-6.0) vs. 4.5(3.0-5.0), p=0.03). Other outcomes were similar between groups. Conclusions: Anxiety levels in this ICU population were low, and music did not decrease anxiety. This study indicates that efficacy of music is context and intervention-dependent, given previous evidence showing decreased anxiety. Trial Registration number: Netherlands Trial Register: NL8595, Registered, 1 April 2020ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04796389, Registered retrospectively, 3 April 2021
Impact of early in-hospital nutritional status on clinical outcomes in Coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Fei , Wang Meng-Xin , Chen Yu-Rong , Feng Han-Rui , Dou Zu-Lin , Tang Zhi-Ming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the effects of nutritional status at the time of admission on clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 54 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical data of admitted patients, albumin and pre-serum albumin levels, gastrointestinal intolerance, and general information were collected and analyzed. The primary clinical outcomes were length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs.
Results
The results showed that albumin and pre-serum albumin levels of patients at admission were negatively associated with the length of hospital stay and hospitalization costs (P < 0.001). Patients with poor appetite had longer hospital stays (P < 0.001) and higher hospital costs (P = 0.022).
Conclusion
These results indicated that the nutritional status at admission can directly influence the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
The LMP1/Lgals1-NF-κB-IRF1-PDL1 axis promotes immune escape in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yixing , Xie Fang , Li Zhiqin , Lin Dayu , Zhuo Jianfang , Chen Jianhao , Luo Qicong , Lin Qin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Recurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is closely related to immune escape. It is known that LMP1 promotes the immune escape of NPCs by controlling the expression of PD-L1. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully characterized.Methods: We demonstrated LMP1 activates downstream pathways in vitro, and confirmed LMP1/Lgals1 interaction and inhibition of PD-L1 expression by Lgals1 inhibitor OTX008 in vitro by Western blot and flow cytometry. Then we analyzed the clinical correlation among LMP1, Lgals1, IRF-1 and PD-L1. Finally, we confirmed that OTX008 enhances the immunogenicity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by T-cell killing assay, ELISA and flow cytometry.Results: We demonstrated that LMP1 interacts with Lgals1 to regulate IRF1 via NF-κB signaling pathway, promoting the expression of PD-L1 in NPCs. LMP1 and Lgals1 are both found to be tightly linked to recurrence and metastasis of NPC based on clinical data. Targeting Lgals1 by using OTX008, a specific Lgals1 inhibitor, is able to restore the immunogenic environment in NPCs. Our findings reveal a regulatory axis for PD-L1 expression in NPC cells, and targeting one component in this axis, Lgals1, is effective in boosting the immunogenicity of NPCs, providing a therapeutic avenue for treating NPC.Conclusion：In summary, we showed here that LMP1 can interact with Lgals1, and this complex can influence PD-L1 expression by regulating IRF-1 through NF-κB signal pathway in NPC cells, and inhibition of Lgals1 improves immunogenicity of NPC cells.
Effect of K poisoning on denitration performance of catalyst
Authors: Li Cai , Zhu Yunlong , Yang Jinghua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst samples loaded with different forms of K salt(KCl, KNO3 and K2SO4)were prepared by an impregnation method. The results of catalytic activity evaluation tests illustrated that different forms of K salt poisoned the catalyst and decreased its denitrification efficiency. However, the degree of poisoning was different. The stronger the acid formed by acid ions, the stronger the counter acting effect on the poisoning of the catalyst. This is related to the acidity change of the Bronsted and the Lewis acid sites on the surface of the catalyst caused by different forms of K poisoning. The results also found that SO2 enhances the catalyst activity of different forms of K poisoning in flue gas, by reducing the degree of poisoning. The mechanism was that the acid SO2 enhanced the acidity of the Lewis acid sites on the catalyst surface. The results of SO2 conversion rate evaluation test indicated that different forms of K poisoning improve the conversion rate of SO2 to SO3. The strengthening effect of K2SO4 poisoning of the catalyst was the most significant, KNO3 was next, and KCl the least. This was related to the change of electronegativity and stability of the V–O–M oxygen bridge caused by different forms of K poisoning.