bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Erwerbsperspektive in Berufen des Gesundheitsdienstes –
Wie lange wollen, können und planen ältere Erwerbstätige
(zu) arbeiten?
Authors: Garthe Nina , Hasselhorn Hans Martin 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Ziel des Betrages ist es, die Erwerbsperspektive von
älteren Beschäftigten in Berufen des Gesundheitsdienstes im
Berufsgruppenvergleich darzustellen. Dabei werden drei Aspekte der
Erwerbsperspektive unterschieden: bis zu welchem Alter die Beschäftigten
noch arbeiten wollen, können und planen.
Methoden Datengrundlage sind die zweite (2014) und dritte (2018) Welle der
repräsentativen lidA-Studie, welche Beschäftigte der
Geburtsjahrgänge 1959 und 1965 seit 2011 im Abstand von 3 bis 4 Jahren
befragt. In deskriptiven Quer- und Längsschnittanalysen werden
fünf Berufsgruppen des Gesundheitsdienstes mit weiteren Berufsgruppen
verglichen (NStichprobe=2.580).
Ergebnisse Die untersuchten Berufsgruppen unterscheiden sich deutlich in
ihrer Erwerbsperspektive. Auffällig sind Beschäftigte in
Pflegeberufen, denn sie wollen im Mittel früh aus dem Erwerbsleben
aussteigen; vor allem aber können sie nicht so lange arbeiten wie sie
planen. Längsschnittanalysen zeigen, dass sich die Erwerbsperspektive
mit dem Herannahen an das Regelrenteneintrittsalter verlängert.
Schlussfolgerungen Pflegeberufe sind Risikogruppen in Bezug auf den
Erwerbsverbleib und bedürfen besonderer Aufmerksamkeit auf betrieblicher
Ebene. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erstmals die individuelle Veränderung der
Erwerbsperspektive über die Zeit, was eine Chance für die
Personalführung impliziert.
Roboter-assistierte Mediastinalchirurgie
Authors: Rückert Jens-Carsten , Huang Luyu 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungInnerhalb der Thoraxchirurgie ist die mediastinale Chirurgie traditionell besonders anspruchsvoll hinsichtlich vieler entscheidender anatomischer Strukturen auf sehr engem Raum. Die
Raumforderungen des Mediastinums sind sehr verschiedenartig und bilden im vorderen, mittleren oder hinteren Mediastinum mit differenten Schwerpunkten Indikationen zur operativen Therapie.
Die technischen Möglichkeiten der Roboterassistenz können dabei das Erfordernis der Präzision für alle onkologischen Aspekte am besten unterstützen. Am häufigsten sind Operationen im
vorderen Mediastinum mit dem Schwerpunkt der Thymektomie. Dabei ist die Radikalität von besonderer Bedeutung. Die weltweite rasante Entwicklung der roboterassistierten mediastinalen
Chirurgie bestätigt deren initiale und kontinuierliche Schrittmacherrolle für die minimalinvasive Thoraxchirurgie.
Feasibility of telemedicine for patients with parkinsonism in the Brazilian public health system
Authors: Santos Daniel Teixeira , Camelo Daniel Monte Freire , Strelow Matheus Zschornack , Silva Maysa Tayane Santos , Führ Paula , Marins Letícia Winer , Schumacher-Schuh Artur Francisco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Telemedicine for patients with parkinsonism is feasible, cost-effective and satisfactory. However, the feasibility of this modality of care for this subpopulation is not known in real-life scenarios of developing countries like Brazil.
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of telemedicine for patients with parkinsonism in a developing country.
Methods A cross-sectional study with patients with parkinsonism treated in the Brazilian public healthcare system. We included 130 patients, who were contacted by telephone; those who could be reached underwent a structured interview for data collection. The primary outcomes were the feasibility of teleconsultations and video consultations, but we also performed a logistic regression regarding the feasibility of a video consultation and associated factors.
Results Telemedicine was feasible and accepted by 69 (53.08%) patients regarding teleconsultations and by 50 (38.5%) patients regarding video consultations. Teleconsultations were feasible for 80.2%, and video consultations were feasible for 58.1% of the patients reachable through telephone calls. Having a higher family income was positively correlated with the feasibility for a video consultation while a negative association was observed regarding being married or in a stable union and having a low level of schooling.
Conclusions A significant proportion of patients with parkinsonism in a developing country are unreachable, unwilling, or unable to participate in telemedicine. Among the reachable patients, feasibility is higher but still lower than what is reported in studies in developed countries. Family income, level of schooling, and marital status were associated with the feasibility of video consultations.
The preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predictive value for survival in patients with brain metastasis
Authors: Picarelli Helder , Yamaki Vitor Nagai , Solla Davi Jorge Fontoura , Neville Iuri Santana , Santos Alexandra Gomes dos , Freitas Bruno Spindola Amaral Garcia de , Diep Calvin , Paiva Wellingson Silva , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) have been previously studied as predictors of survival in different malignancies.
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of these hematologic inflammatory biomarkers for patients with brain metastases (BM).
Methods We reviewed a consecutive cohort of patients at Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP-FMUSP) from 2011 to 2016 with ≥ 1 BM treated primarily by surgical resection. The primary outcome was 1-year survival. We optimized the NLR, MLR, PLR, and RDW cutoff values, preserving robustness and avoiding overestimation of effect size.
Results A total of 200 patients (mean age 56.1 years; 55.0% female) met inclusion criteria. Gross-total resection was achieved in 89.0%. The median (quartiles) preoperative and postoperative KPS scores were 60 (50–80) and 80 (60–90), respectively. Preoperative NLR was significantly associated with survival (HR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.17–6.01, p = 0.019). A NLR cutoff value of 3.83 displayed the most significant survival curve split.
Conclusions Preoperative NLR is an independent predictor of survival in newly diagnosed BM. We propose a cutoff value of 3.83 for preoperative NLR testing may be clinically useful as predictor of poor survival in this population. The wide accessibility of the NLR favors its inclusion in clinical decision-making processes for BM management.
FAST-ED scale for prehospital triage of large vessel occlusion: results in the field
Authors: Carbonera Leonardo Augusto , Souza Ana Claudia de , Rodrigues Márcio da Silveira , Mottin Marcos Darrigo , Nogueira Raul Gomes , Martins Sheila Cristina Ouriques 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an extremely time-sensitive condition. The field triage of stroke patients should consider a careful balance between the best destination for the timely delivery of intravenous and/or endovascular reperfusion therapies. The Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) scale has been shown to have an accuracy comparable to that of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). However, it has not been tested in the field.
Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the FAST-ED scale in the detection of AIS due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the prehospital setting.
Methods A cross-sectional study of consecutive prospective data collected from February 2017 to May 2019 in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, correlating the prehospital FAST-ED scale scores with the hospital diagnosis of LVO. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.
Results In total, 74 patients were included in the analysis. As compared with the diagnosis of LVO upon hospital discharge, the prehospital FAST-ED scale applied by paramedics had a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 47.7%, a PPV of 51.1%, an NPV of 77.8%, and an AUC of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.55–0.80). Among the patients with a final diagnosis of AIS, the accuracy was higher, with an AUC of 0.75 (95%CI: 0.60–0.89), a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 60%, a PPV of 80%, and an NPV of 60%.
Conclusions In the present study, the FAST-ED scale, which was applied by paramedics in the field, demonstrated moderate accuracy but high sensitivity and NPV, which are essential attributes for a triage scale. While larger studies are still needed, these findings further support the use of the FAST-ED in stroke triage.
Measurement of complex permittivity of liquids in the frequency range 100–1000 MHz by using a re-entrant cavity
Authors: Cheng Jin , Peng Yitong , Li En , Yu Chengyong , Zhang Yunpeng , Gao Yong , Gao Chong , Long Jiawei , Tu Yihang , Qin Lin 
Published: October 2022

For many liquid materials and biological media, their complex permittivity varies with frequency in the P-band (100–1000 MHz). In this paper, a re-entrant coaxial cavity resonance test system with intensive multi-frequency points testing capability is designed for the P-band to realize the test of the complex permittivity of P-band materials. For this system, a test algorithm has been written, and on the basis of this system, a perturbation block has been designed, using stepper motors to control the up and down movement of the perturbation block to achieve frequency tunability of the cavity, enabling more P-band frequency test data to be obtained. The experimental results show that the system is suitable for testing the electrical parameters of P-band biological media and liquid materials and for testing solid materials in aerospace, electromagnetic shielding, and other fields where there is a great demand for P-band testing.
Robust identification of multiple-input single-output system response for efficient pickup noise removal from tokamak diagnostics
Authors: Odstrcil T. , Laggner F. M. , Rosenthal A. M. , Bortolon A. , Hughes J. W. , Spendlove J. C. , Wilks T. M. 
Published: October 2022

Electromagnetic pickup noise in the tokamak environment imposes an imminent challenge for measuring weak diagnostic photocurrents in the nA range. The diagnostic signal can be contaminated by an unknown mixture of crosstalk signals from coils powered by currents in the kA range. To address this issue, an algorithm for robust identification of linear multi-input single-output (MISO) systems has been developed. The MISO model describes the dynamic relationship between measured signals from power sources and observed signals in the diagnostic and allows for a precise subtraction of the noise component. The proposed method was tested on experimental diagnostic data from the DIII-D tokamak, and it has reduced noise by up to 20 dB in the 1–20 kHz range.
Multistate electronic quenching: Nonadiabatic pathways in NO A 2Σ+ + O2X 3Σg− scattering
Authors: Soulié Clément , Paterson Martin J. 
Published: October 2022

The quenching of NO A 2Σ+ with O2 as a collisional partner is important for combustion and atmospheric processes. There is still a lack of theoretical understanding of this event, especially concerning the nature of the different quenching pathways. In this work, we provide potential energy surfaces (PESs) of 20 electronic states of this system. We computed the spin-doublet and spin-quartet PESs using SA-CASSCF and XMS-CASPT2. We find two potential quenching pathways. The first one (Q1) is a two-step orientation-specific process. The system first undergoes an electron transfer (NO+ X 1Σ+ + O2−X 2Πg) at short distances, before crossing to lower neutral states, such as NO X 2Π + O2a 1Δg, O2b 1Σg+, O2X 3Σg−, or even 2 O(3P). The second quenching pathway (Q2) is less orientation-dependent and should be sudden without requiring the proximity conditioning Q1. The Q2 cross section will be enhanced with increasing initial vibrational level in both O2 and NO. It is responsible for the production of NO X 2Π with higher O2 excited states, such as O2c 1Σu−, A′3Δu, or A 3Σu+. Overall, this work provides a first detailed theoretical investigation of the quenching of NO A 2Σ+ by O2X 3Σg− as well as introduces a weighting scheme generally applicable to multireference, open-shell bimolecular systems. The effect of spin-multiplicity on the different quenching pathways is also discussed.
Werner Heisenberg. Uncertainty
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

Of Werner Heisenberg's many contributions, two stand out. The first was matrix mechanics. It was the first form of what is called “the new quantum mechanics,” as compared to the “old quantum mechanics” of Bohr. Bohr's old quantum theory talked of electron orbits; these were themselves unmeasurable. Heisenberg found a way of putting what was measurable into a sort of table, called a matrix. He also recognized that measurement of the same properties, such as electron spin, could give different results. This led to his second great achievement, his uncertainty principle. Certain pairs of measurements, such as position and momentum, could not be simultaneously measured to any desired degree of accuracy. The more accurately measured the one, the less can be known about the other. This is not an experimental error. It is fundamental.
Heisenberg is associated with another uncertainty: his role in attempting to build a German atomic bomb. What he actually did or did not do is still a matter of controversy.
Lev D. Landau. The Smartest One in Almost Any Room
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

Lev Davidovic Landau was by any standard a genius. He learned calculus by age 13 and graduated from gymnasium the same year. At 14, he entered university, earning his Bachelor's degree at age 19. His doctorate came when he was 26, but by then he had already worked with Bohr, Dirac, and Pauli. He won the 1962 Nobel Prize for his theory of superfluidity, the phenomenon in which the viscosity of a liquid is zero. A superfluid liquid can actually climb up the sides of its container.
Landau knew he was a genius and had little patience for the less gifted. Above himself, he ranked only Newton, Einstein, the founders of quantum mechanics, and a few others. He once compared Communism to Nazism, earning himself a stay in the notorious Lubyanka Prison. His mug shot is included in the chapter.
John Archibald Wheeler. Brilliant Mind, Generous Spirit
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

John Wheeler's scientific accomplishments are almost too long to list. Hehelped explain the principles behind nuclear fission;worked on nuclear fission and fusion as applied, respectively, to atomic and hydrogen bombs;studied quantum information theory in its infancy;coined the terms “black hole” and “wormhole”;advanced and popularized Einstein's general theory of relativity;authored or co-authored nine books, from the advanced to the popular; andco-authored the ground-breaking text Gravitation.
Wheeler mentored many doctoral students who went on to achieve great prominence, including future Nobel Laureates Richard Feynman and Kip Thorne. Those of us who had the privilege and pleasure of seeing Wheeler at conferences came away with the conviction that he was unfailingly kind and encouraging to all, especially to younger physicists. The testimonies of his many students and colleagues confirm our conviction.
Fred Hoyle. Actuary To the Stars
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

By the mid-20th century, quantum mechanics and relativity had made it possible to investigate both the life cycle of stars and that of the universe. Fred Hoyle played a pivotal role in both. He is the F in B2FH, the acronym for Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler, and Hoyle. Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge, William Fowler, and Fred Hoyle solved the mystery of stellar production of the elements. A star is mostly hydrogen, whose fusion into helium, and helium's subsequent fusion, produces the heavier elements. The very complicated details were worked out by B2FH.
As for the evolution of universe, there were two possibilities: either a Big Bang or a Steady State. Hoyle was a proponent of the latter. In fact, the word Big Bang was coined by him in derision. Hoyle's universe had no beginning, but new matter—supposedly hydrogen atoms—was created in the void between the receding galaxies. Is that any weirder than the whole universe being created in one instant? Observations later proved Hoyle wrong. But his arguments forced a close look at the assumptions of both models.
Stephen Hawking. Do Black Holes have Hair?
Authors: Kastrup Helge , Mallow Jeffry V. 
Published: October 2022

Stephen Hawking was primus inter pares in a group of brilliant physicists who started a new wave of development of Einstein's theory of general relativity. Their first breakthrough was the formulation of the so-called four laws of black hole dynamics. They were formulated in close analogy with the laws of ordinary thermodynamics. Hawking proved that it was more than an analogy.
Hawking was the first to use quantum mechanics in conjunction with general relativity in astrophysics. He showed that a black hole is not quite black: it emits radiation, now called Hawking radiation. For the rest of his life, Hawking regularly produced exciting papers, many of which had daring conjectures and controversial postulates. He also published a number of popular books on cosmology. For most of his career, he was bound to a wheelchair because of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eventually, his only way of communication was through a computer commanded by a muscle in his chin. In 1979, Hawking was named Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position formerly held by Isaac Newton.
Stem and pseudostem growth play a key role in biomass accumulation of guineagrass in long regrowth cycles
Authors: Brunetti Henrique Bauab , Oliveira Ricardo Ferraz de , Pezzopane José Ricardo Macedo , Pedreira Bruno Carneiro , Carvalho Rogério Falleiros , Pedreira Carlos Guilherme Silveira , Santos Patrícia Menezes 
Published: October 2022

Context Tall bunch-type tropical forage grasses are known for their rapid (true) stem elongation late in the regrowth cycle, even during the vegetative phase. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the stem and pseudostem growth pattern of ‘Mombaça’ guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) BK Simon & SWL Jacobs] grown in field conditions and how this relates to its high biomass accumulation during long regrowth cycles. Methods A guineagrass field was managed from December 2017 to January 2019, in three regrowth cycles of 10, 14 and 12 weeks duration. Individual tillers were assessed weekly to measure stem, pseudostem and leaf elongation, leaf appearance; and angle of insertion of the leaves. Aboveground biomass samples were taken weekly for biomass accumulation and leaf area index assessment. Key results At the beginning of each regrowth cycle, the pseudostem elongated while the stem length remained constant. Subsequently, the pseudostem length reached a plateau, while the stem length increased at a constant rate. Because of a positive relationship between pseudostem and leaf laminae lengths, the long pseudostem ensured the formation of long leaves in tall tillers and positive net leaf elongation in long regrowth cycles. Conclusions The high biomass accumulation reflected the continuous positive net leaf elongation by the tillers and was underpinned by the younger leaves being more erect than the older ones, allowing for lower self-shading of the older leaves and greater leaf tissue retention. Implications The high production of tropical forage grasses in late regrowth should be utilised with caution, as it is underpinned by stem elongation and meristem elevation.
Snow track counts for density estimation of mammalian predators in the boreal forest
Authors: O’Donoghue Mark , Slough Brian G. , Poole Kim , Boutin Stan , Hofer Elizabeth J. , Mowat Garth , Murray Dennis , Krebs Charles J. 
Published: October 2022

Context Methods for estimating density of meso-carnivores in northern ecosystems are labour intensive and expensive to implement if mark–recapture and radio collaring are used. One alternative is to count tracks in the snow along transects as an index of density, but this method has been criticised as imprecise and lacking validation. Aims We aimed to examine the utility of track counts along snowmobile trails in the snow for measuring changes in populations of Canada lynx and coyotes in the boreal forest of north-western Canada. Methods We compared winter track counts of Canada lynx at three study sites and of coyotes at one site with concurrent estimates of density based on locations of radio-collared animals and estimates of numbers of uncollared animals from three 7–9-year studies in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, during a period of cyclical population fluctuations. Key results Snow track counts were positively correlated (r2 = 0.83) with density of Canada lynx, estimated by live trapping and radio collaring in the three survey areas. Coyotes also showed a clear relationship (r2 = 0.80) between known density and snow track counts, but track counts were strongly affected by season, with much higher counts in the early winter when snow was shallower. This indicates the need to control for season or snow depth when using track counts as indices of coyote abundance. We recommend sample sizes of at least 10 track counts per winter along a 25-km transect to maximise precision. Conclusions Snow track counts are a relatively simple, inexpensive method of concurrently tracking abundance of multiple species of meso-carnivores. These data indicate that track counts may be reliably used to monitor trends in numbers, but we suggest site-specific validation of the regressions reported here between tracks and animal abundance are required to translate these indices into estimates of density. Implications Track counts have the potential to be an affordable alternative to more intensive methods of monitoring trends in abundance of medium-sized mammals, for purposes such as management of harvest or to measure the success of programs to increase or reduce population abundance.
“Have nou godenai day”
Authors: Jamison Carol Parrish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract“Have a good day” and its variant “have a nice day” are among our most common forms of modern leave-taking. Although these expressions may seem modern, they can be traced back to a twelfth century English romance, entitledKing Horn, and can also be found in a number of other mediaeval works. Linguists typically treat the expression as token politeness that does not warrant detailed analysis. However, an examination of the mediaeval works containing the expression shows that, from its earliest recording, it appears in unexpected contexts and can carry deeper meaning. Rather than being merely a phatic phrase, the expression has long been used as a meaningful rhetorical device. This diachronic study explores the expression “have a good day” from its earliest occurrence to modern times and shows its potential to move beyond phatic use.