bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver removal and microbial community structure in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Almatouq Abdullah , Webster Gordon , Babatunde Akintunde 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSilver (Ag) removal, electric current generation and the microbial community responsible were investigated in two replicate dual‐chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The MFCs were inoculated with activated sludge and operated for electricity generation over 90 days.ResultsSilver was efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater at the cathode chamber of the MFC and the precipitated particles on the cathode electrode were verified as Ag using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The MFCs achieved a maximum power density of 1850 ± 25 mW m−2 and a maximum Ag removal of 99.8%. Furthermore, Illumina high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that both MFCs shared the same dominant bacterial phyla, namely Synergistetes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with bacteria belonging to Butyricicoccus, Petrimonas, Desulfomicrobium and Desulfovibrio and large numbers of unassigned genera.ConclusionsThe dual‐chamber MFCs provided an efficient method for concurrent Ag removal and energy generation, and effectively removed and recovered Ag from various wastewater streams even at low Ag concentrations. However, continued Ag precipitation on the electrode surface during long‐term operation could lead to a deterioration in the performance of the MFC and an increase in internal resistance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Achieving disability inclusive employment – Are the current approaches deep enough?
Authors: Shaw Jackie , Wickenden Mary , Thompson Stephen , Mader Philip 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiverse approaches to promoting disability inclusive employment aim to transform workplaces into truly inclusive environments, usually with intervention strategies targeting two main groups: employers and jobseekers with disabilities. However, they do not always consider other relevant stakeholders or address the relationships and interactions between diverse actors in the wider social ecosystem. These approaches often neglect deeper ‘vexing’ difficulties which block progress towards disability inclusive work environments. Most interventions rightly embrace hegemonic ‘social models of disability’ and use human rights arguments but may neglect entrenched structural factors. Disability inclusive employment is complex, with unaddressed invisible aspects that continue to limit progress. We explore some key relevant disability concepts and then interrogate evidence from the ‘Inclusion Works’ programme working in four middle‐ and low‐income countries, considering some intractable barriers underlying the slow movement towards inclusive employment. Finally, we propose that a more participatory action orientated approach involving disabled people and others is needed to both generate deeper understanding and provide pathways towards new solutions to obstinate problems through progressive action learning processes in context. Programmatic interventions that work across the levels of the ecosystem and address power relations and interactions between stakeholders could lead to more substantial forms of disability inclusive employment.
Appropriateness of gabapentinoid prescription for surgical and trauma pain in gabapentinoid‐naïve patients: a retrospective review
Authors: Woods Aaron , Drovandi Aaron , Konstantatos Alex , Bui Thuy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe gabapentinoids pregabalin and gabapentin are not recommended for managing acute pain in the absence of neuropathic symptoms, but such use is prominent in this setting.AimTo assess gabapentinoid prescribing practices for gabapentinoid‐naïve patients after surgery and trauma.MethodA retrospective review of surgical and trauma admissions at a large, Australian, tertiary teaching hospital for patients prescribed a gabapentinoid for the first time, from February 2019 to May 2019, inclusive.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐nine of 5494 (3.4%) gabapentinoid‐naïve surgical and trauma inpatients were prescribed a gabapentinoid, with 110 of the 189 (58.2%) also discharged on a gabapentinoid. Of the 110 patients, 60 (54.5%) were prescribed a gabapentinoid for either non‐neuropathic pain or undocumented pain indication, and the remainder for neuropathic symptoms. Only 66 (60.0%) patients discharged with a gabapentinoid had a plan for further management such as de‐escalation or general practitioner follow‐up. Of the 67 prescriptions written for patients on discharge, 32 (47.8%) were written as non‐government subsidised prescriptions. Four patients considered at high risk of developing addictive behaviours were discharged on a gabapentinoid.ConclusionIn this study, initiation and maintenance of gabapentinoid therapy in previously naïve surgical and trauma patients was infrequent, although it was often prescribed for an unclear or non‐neuropathic indication with little provision of, or no information for, intended duration of use. This review provides an opportunity for further intervention at the transition of care to minimise inappropriate long‐term gabapentinoid use and could be used to facilitate further research evaluating the impact of hospital‐prescribed gabapentinoids in the community.
Development and validation of a novel stability‐indicating reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of sacubitril–valsartan premix stereoisomers: Cellulosetris(4‐methyl benzoate) stationary phase
Authors: Yerra Sudhakar , Pyata Kishore Babu , Boju Sreenivasulu , Sharma Hemant Kumar , Battula Venkateswara Rao 
Published: July 2022

A new stability indicating reverse phase HPLC method has been developed and validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for the determination of sacubitril‐valsartan premix stereoisomers, namely, (2R)‐valsartan, (2S,4S)‐sacubitril, (2R,4S)‐sacubitril, and (2R,4R)‐sacubitril. Primarily, stability indicating separation study was done on reverse phase LC conditions; it was described by peak homogeneity of sacubitril–valsartan and its stereoisomers. Cellulosetris(4‐methylbenzoate) packing column Chiralcel OJ‐RH(150 mm × 4.6 mm), 5 μm provided better resolution than those of amylose based stationary phase's. Resolution between two arbitrary adjacent analyte was found to be more than 2.0 with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water as mobile phase‐A and mobile phase‐B consisting of acetonitrile, methanol, and trifluoroacetic acid (90:10:0.1, v/v/v). Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, column temperature 20°C, injection volume 10 μl, UV detection at 254 nm and run time was 52 min. The detector response linearity of stereoisomers found to be linear (R2 ≥ 0.9998), limit of detection (0.290 μg/ml, 0.122 μg/ml, 0.123 μg/ml, and 0.124 μg/ml), and limit of quantification (0.878 μg/ml, 0.370 μg/ml, 0.373 μg/ml, and 0.375 μg/ml), respectively. Percentage recovery was found to be 98–105. Finally, the proposed method is user friendly and can be used in bulk drugs analysis.
Economic Evaluation of Telerobotic Ultrasound Technology to Remotely Provide Ultrasound Services in Rural and Remote Communities
Authors: Adams Scott J. , Penz Erika , Imeah Biaka , Burbridge Brent , Obaid Haron , Babyn Paul , Mendez Ivar 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionTelerobotic ultrasound technology allows radiologists and sonographers to remotely provide ultrasound services in underserved areas. This study aimed to compare costs associated with using telerobotic ultrasound to provide ultrasound services in rural and remote communities to costs associated with alternate models.MethodsA cost‐minimization approach was used to compare four ultrasound service delivery models: telerobotic ultrasound (Model 1), telerobotic ultrasound and an itinerant sonographer (Model 2), itinerant sonographer without telerobotic ultrasound (Model 3), and travel to another community for all exams (Model 4). In Models 1–3, travel was assumed when exams could not be successfully performed telerobotically or by an itinerant sonographer. A publicly funded healthcare payer perspective was used for the reference case and a societal perspective was used for a secondary non‐reference case. Costs were based on the literature and experience using telerobotic ultrasound in Saskatchewan, Canada. Costs were expressed in 2020 Canadian dollars.ResultsAverage cost per ultrasound exam was $342, $323, $368, and $478 for Models 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, from a publicly funded healthcare payer perspective, and $461, $355, $447, and $849, respectively, from a societal perspective. In one‐way sensitivity analyses, Model 2 was the lowest cost from a payer perspective for communities with population >2075 people, distance >350 km from the nearest ultrasound facility, or >47% of the population eligible for publicly funded medical transportation.ConclusionHealth systems may wish to consider solutions such as telerobotic ultrasound and itinerant sonographers to reduce healthcare costs and improve access to ultrasound in rural and remote communities.
The Impact of Vocal Boost Manipulations on Musical Sound Quality for Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Limb Charles J. , Mo Jonathan , Jiradejvong Patpong , Jiam Nicole T. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of vocal boost manipulations on cochlear implant (CI) musical sound quality appraisals.MethodsAn anonymous, online study was distributed to 33 CI users. Participants listened to auditory tokens and assessed the musical quality of acoustic stimuli with vocal boosting and attenuation using a validated sound quality rating scale. Four versions of real‐world musical stimuli were created: a version with +9 dB vocal boost, a version with −9 dB vocal attenuation, a composite stimulus containing a 1,000 Hz low‐pass filter and white noise (“anchor”), and an unaltered version (“hidden reference”). Subjects listened to all four versions and provided ratings based on a 100‐point scale that reflected the perceived sound quality difference of the music clip relative to the reference excerpt.ResultsVocal boost increased musical sound quality ratings relative to the reference clip (11.7; 95% CI, 1.62–21.8, p = 0.016) and vocal attenuation decreased musical sound quality ratings relative to the reference clip (28.5; 95% CI, 18.64–38.44, p < 0.001). When comparing the non‐musical training group and musical training group, there was a significant difference in musical sound quality rating scores for the vocal boost condition (21.2; 95% CI: 1.76–40.7, p = 0.028).ConclusionsCI‐mediated musical sound quality appraisals are impacted by vocal boost and attenuation. Musically trained CI users to report greater musical sound quality enhancement with a vocal boost with respect to CI users with no musical training background. Implementation of front‐end vocal boost manipulations in music may improve sound quality and music appreciation among CI users.Level of Evidence2 (Individual cohort study) Laryngoscope, 133:938–947, 2023
Smell Impairment in Stage I‐II Obesity: Correlation with Biochemical Regulators and Clinical Aspects
Authors: Micarelli Alessandro , Mrakic‐Sposta Simona , Micarelli Beatrice , Malacrida Sandro , Misici Ilaria , Carbini Valentina , Iennaco Ilaria , Caputo Sara , Vezzoli Alessandra , Alessandrini Marco 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the differences in olfactory sensitivity, nutritional habits, levels of modulators of feeding and smell, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures and metabolic assays between two groups of participants with stage I and II obesity and reciprocal relationships between these parameters.MethodsEighteen participants with stage I (11 female; mean age = 54.3 ± 13.1 years) and 20 participants with stage II (10 female; mean age = 54.5 ± 11.9) obesity underwent a food frequency questionnaire and Sniffin' Sticks® test battery, anthropometric parameters, and BIA measurements as well as metabolic assays (including plasma levels of leptin, insulin, ghrelin, glucose, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 [IGF‐1] and usual laboratory parameters).ResultsThe stage II obesity participants demonstrated significant higher levels of insulin and leptin and lower levels of ghrelin and IGF‐1, a reduction in odor identification (OI) and in total olfactory score, and an increase in visceral and total fat percentage. Among a mosaic of multiple correlations, ghrelin was found to positively correlate with OI and leptin negatively with odor discrimination.ConclusionThe present study expands the notions positing the olfactory perception – and its connections with metabolic cues, foods habits and BIA measures – changes across the two most important obesity stages. This could ameliorate clinical and research deepening of obesity‐related olfactory behavior with possible consequences on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of onset and development of obesity, thus opening possible future strategies involving multidisciplinary contributions.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:2028–2035, 2022
Methane oxidation dynamics in a stratified lake: Insights revealed from a mass balance and carbon stable isotopes
Authors: Langenegger Timon , Vachon Dominic , Donis Daphne , McGinnis Daniel F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMethane oxidation in lakes removes a large portion of methane (CH4). To date, methane oxidation estimates in lakes have often been derived at low spatial resolution in the water column, preventing understanding of the links to the physicochemical gradients in the stratified regions. We applied a mass balance approach with measured dissolved CH4 and sediment CH4 fluxes to derive high‐resolution depth profiles of specific CH4 oxidation rates () in the water column during the stratified period of a small eutrophic lake (Soppensee, Switzerland). Estimated ranged from 0 to 1 d−1 and the profiles agreed well with previous studies, and were also in agreement with rates from concurrent in situ oxidation experiments. A sensitivity analysis revealed that sediment CH4 flux is the largest source of uncertainty when deriving kox. Although previous studies have estimated methane oxidation based on δ13CCH4, we showed with numerical modeling that δ13CCH4 measurements could not be used to resolve the relative contributions of methane oxidation and sediment fluxes to the water column CH4 balance. Exploration of alternative approaches to derive methane oxidation is needed to reveal potentially unknown or misunderstood drivers of methane oxidation in lakes. The presented mass balance approach has the potential to calculate methane oxidation at high vertical resolution and enhance the spatial limitations of established incubation methods. As methane oxidation is responsible for removing most of the produced methane in lakes, it is as important to accurately resolve the key drivers to predict responses to future climate scenarios.
Association of serum metabolites and gut microbiota at hospital admission with nosocomial infection development in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Reddy K. Rajender , Tandon Puneeta , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe , Kamath Patrick S. , O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Wong Florence , Lai Jennifer , Vargas Hugo , Thuluvath Paul J. , Subramanian Ram M. , Pena‐Rodriguez Marcela , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Thacker Leroy R. , Gillevet Patrick M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cirrhosis is complicated by a high rate of nosocomial infections (NIs), which result in poor outcomes and are challenging to predict using clinical variables alone. Our aim was to determine predictors of NI using admission serum metabolomics and gut microbiota in inpatients with cirrhosis. In this multicenter inpatient cirrhosis study, serum was collected on admission for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics, and a subset provided stool for 16SrRNA analysis. Hospital course, including NI development and death, were analyzed. Metabolomic analysis using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (demographics, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease [MELD] admission score, white blood count [WBC], rifaximin, and infection status adjusted) and random forest analyses for NI development were performed. Additional values of serum metabolites over clinical variables toward NI were evaluated using logistic regression. Stool microbiota and metabolomic correlations were compared in patients with and without NI development. A total of 602 patients (231 infection admissions) were included; 101 (17%) developed NIs, which resulted in worse inpatient outcomes, including intensive care unit transfer, organ failure, and death. A total of 127 patients also gave stool samples, and 20 of these patients developed NIs. The most common NIs were spontaneous bacterial peritonitis followed by urinary tract infection, Clostridioides difficile, and pneumonia. A total of 247 metabolites were significantly altered on ANCOVA. Higher MELD scores (odds ratio, 1.05; p < 0.0001), admission infection (odds ratio, 3.54; p < 0.0001), and admission WBC (odds ratio, 1.05; p = 0.04) predicted NI (area under the curve, 0.74), which increased to 0.77 (p = 0.05) with lower 1‐linolenoyl‐glycerolphosphocholine (GPC) and 1‐stearoyl‐GPC and higher N‐acetyltryptophan and N‐acetyl isoputreanine. Commensal microbiota were lower and pathobionts were higher in those who developed NIs. Microbial–metabolite correlation networks were complex and dense in patients with NIs, especially sub‐networks centered on Ruminococcaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. NIs are common and associated with poor outcomes in cirrhosis. Admission gut microbiota in patients with NIs showed higher pathobionts and lower commensal microbiota. Microbial–metabolomic correlations were more complex, dense, and homogeneous among those who developed NIs, indicating greater linkage strength. Serum metabolites and gut microbiota on admission are associated with NI development in cirrhosis.
Development of Multilevel Organic Phototransistor Memory using Conjugated/Insulating Polymer Blends with a Vertical Phase Separation
Authors: Chen Yi‐Wen , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Yang Wei‐Chen , Yang Yun‐Fang , Peng Yan‐Cheng , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Lin Bi‐Hsuan , Yu Yang‐Yen , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, a series of methacrylate‐based polymers bearing benzene (poly(benzyl methacrylate)), naphthalene (poly(2‐naphthyl methacrylate)), anthracene (poly(9‐anthracenyl methyl methacrylate), PAMA), and pyrene (poly(1‐pyrenemethyl methacrylate)) are blended with conjugated polymer of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to perform vertical phase separation during spin‐coating. The bilayer structure of the conjugated/insulating polymer blend is driven by their mismatch in surface energy, and the blend films are applied in the phototransistor memory device with the bottom layer of methacrylate‐based polymer as a photoactive electret and the top layer of P3HT as a semiconducting channel. It is found that the vertical phase separation morphology, conjugation, and energy levels of the pendant arene groups in the methacrylate‐based polymers are highly related to the photoresponse, memory retention/endurance of the phototransistor memory. Therefore, the device comprising the polymer blend of P3HT and PAMA successfully produces a high current contrast of 105 to 254 nm light and 104 to 450 nm light over 104 s. This study provides a facile approach to the fabrication of high‐performance phototransistor memory devices.
Pyridoxine‐responsive KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy: Additional cases and literature review
Authors: Chen Jun , Tao Qiuji , Fan Lijuan , Shen Yajun , Liu Jinfeng , Luo Huan , Yang Zuozhen , Liang Mengmeng , Gan Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTypical patients with KCNQ2 (OMIM# 602235) epileptic encephalopathy present early neonatal‐onset intractable seizures with a burst suppression EEG pattern and severe developmental delay or regression, and those patients always fail first‐line treatment with sodium channel blockers. Vitamin B6, either pyridoxine or pyridoxal 50‐phosphate, has been demonstrated to improve seizure control in intractable epilepsy.MethodsHere, we collected and summarized the clinical data for four independent cases diagnosed with pyridoxine‐responsive epileptic encephalopathy, and their exome sequencing data. Moreover, we reviewed all published cases and summarized the clinical features, genetic variants, and treatment of pyridoxine‐responsive KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy.ResultsAll four cases showed refractory seizures during the neonatal period or infancy, accompanied by global development delay. Four pathogenetic variants of KCNQ2 were uncovered and confirmed by Sanger sequencing: KCNQ2 [NM_172107.4: c.2312C > T (p.Thr771Ile), c.873G > C (p.Arg291Ser), c.652 T > A (p.Trp218Arg) and c.913‐915del (p. Phe305del)]. Sodium channel blockers and other anti‐seizure medications failed to control their seizures. The frequency of seizures gradually decreased after treatment with high‐dose pyridoxine. In case 1, case 2, and case 4, clinical seizures relapsed when pyridoxine was withdrawn, and seizures were controlled again when pyridoxine treatment was resumed.ConclusionOur study suggests that pyridoxine may be a promising adjunctive treatment option for patients with KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy.
Convolutional neural network–based metal and streak artifacts reduction in dental CT images with sparse‐view sampling scheme
Authors: Kim Seongjun , Ahn Junhyun , Kim Byeongjoon , Kim Chulhong , Baek Jongduk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeSparse‐view sampling has attracted attention for reducing the scan time and radiation dose of dental cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Recently, various deep learning–based image reconstruction techniques for sparse‐view CT have been employed to produce high‐quality image while effectively reducing streak artifacts caused by the lack of projection views. However, most of these methods do not fully consider the effects of metal implants. As sparse‐view sampling strengthens the artifacts caused by metal objects, simultaneously reducing both metal and streak artifacts in sparse‐view CT images has been challenging. To solve this problem, in this study, we propose a novel framework.MethodsThe proposed method was based on the normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) method, and its performance was enhanced using two convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The first network reduced the initial artifacts while preserving the fine details to generate high‐quality priors for NMAR processing. Subsequently, the second network was employed to reduce the streak artifacts after NMAR processing of sparse‐view CT data. To validate the proposed method, we generated training and test data by computer simulations using both extended cardiac‐torso (XCAT) and clinical data sets.ResultsVisual inspection and quantitative evaluations demonstrated that the proposed method effectively reduced both metal and streak artifacts while preserving the details of anatomical structures compared with the conventional metal artifact reduction methods.ConclusionsWe propose a framework for reconstructing accurate CT images in metal‐inserted sparse‐view CT. The proposed method reduces streak artifacts from both metal objects and sparse‐view sampling while recovering the anatomical details, indicating the feasibility of fast‐scan dental CBCT imaging.