bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metabolic hormone adiponectin affects the correlation between nutritional status and pneumococcal vaccine response in vulnerable indigenous children
Authors: Siegers Kris E. , van Herwaarden Antonius E. , de Waard Jacobus H. , del Nogal Berenice , Hermans Peter W. M. , van Tienoven Doorlène , Berbers Guy A. M. , de Jonge Marien I. , Verhagen Lilly M. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Almost 200 million children worldwide are either undernourished or overweight. Only a few studies have addressed the effect of variation in nutritional status on vaccine response. We previously demonstrated an association between stunting and an increased post-vaccination 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) response. In this prospective study, we assessed to what extent metabolic hormones may be a modifier in the association between nutritional status and PCV13 response.

Methods
Venezuelan children aged 6 weeks to 59 months were vaccinated with a primary series of PCV13. Nutritional status and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were measured upon vaccination and their combined effect on serum post-vaccination antibody concentrations was assessed by generalized estimating equations multivariable regression analysis.

Results
A total of 210 children were included, of whom 80 were stunted, 81 had a normal weight and 49 were overweight. Overweight children had lower post-vaccination antibody concentrations than normal weight children (regression coefficient -1.15, 95% CI -2.22 –-0.072). Additionally, there was a significant adiponectin-nutritional status interaction. In stunted children, higher adiponectin serum concentrations were associated with lower post-PCV13 antibody concentrations (regression coefficient -0.19, 95% CI -0.24 –-0.14) while the opposite was seen in overweight children (regression coefficient 0.14, 95% CI 0.049–0.22).

Conclusion
Metabolic hormones, in particular adiponectin, may modify the effect of nutritional status on pneumococcal vaccine response. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to better understand the immunometabolic pathways underlying vaccine response and enable a future of optimal personalized vaccination schedules.
Referential equations for pulmonary diffusing capacity using GAMLSS models derived from Japanese individuals with near-normal lung function
Authors: Wada Yosuke , Goto Norihiko , Kitaguchi Yoshiaki , Yasuo Masanori , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: July 2022

Objective
To generate appropriate reference values for the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), alveolar volume (VA), and the transfer coefficient of the lungs for carbon monoxide (KCO, often denoted as DLCO/VA) in the Japanese population. We also intended to assess the applicability of these values for the Japanese population by comparing them to those published by the Global Lung Function Initiative in 2017 (GLI-2017) and previous values.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we measured the spirometric indices, DLCO, VA, and KCO of the Japanese population aged 16–85 years. The lambda, mu, and sigma (LMS) method and the generalized additive models for the location, scale, and shape program in R were used to generate the reference values.

Results
We conducted a total of 390 tests. The GLI-2017 z-scores of DLCO were approximately zero, whereas those of KCO and VA were far from zero. In the present study, the mean square errors of the DLCO, VA, and KCO reference values were lower than the reference values derived from GLI-2017 and previous linear regression equations.

Conclusions
Reference values obtained in this study were more appropriate for our sample than those reported in GLI-2017. Differences between the two equations were attributed to underestimating KCO (DLCO / VA) and overestimating VA, respectively, by the GLI-2017 for the Japanese population.
Incidence, predictors and re-treatment outcomes of recurrent myopic choroidal neo-vascularization
Authors: Jain Mukesh , Narayanan Raja , Jana Priya , Mohamed Ashik , Raman Rajiv , Verkicharla Pavan , Padhy Srikanta Kumar , Das Anthony Vipin , Chhablani Jay 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
To evaluate incidence, predictors, and re-treatment outcome of recurrent myopic choroidal neovascularization (m-CNV).

Methods
Retrospective consecutive observational series. From year 2014 to 2019, 167 eyes of 167 patients of treatment naïve m-CNV were enrolled. 59 and 108 eyes were treated with intra-vitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab mono-therapy, respectively. Recurrence was defined as re-appearance of CNV activity, confirmed on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after at least 3 months of cessation of anti-VEGF therapy. Incidence of recurrence, predictors and re-treatment outcomes were studied.

Results
Overall, mean age and spherical equivalence (SE) was 47.95 ± 14.72 years and -12.19 ± 4.93 D respectively. Males constituted 50.9%. 44 eyes (26.4%) had a recurrence during a mean follow up of 16.5 ± 12.86 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the risk of recurrence was 8, 26 and, 33.6% at 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. Age (p = 0.511), gender (p = 0.218), SE (p = 0.092), anti-VEGF (p = 0.629) and baseline BCVA (p = 0.519) did not influence recurrence. Number of injections administered to control the disease in the first episode was the only significant predictor of recurrence (Cox Proportional Hazard Ratio 2.89–3.07, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.28–7.45; p = 0.005). At 12 months, eyes requiring one injection in first episode had a recurrence rate of 12% versus 45% in eyes requiring 3 or more injections in the first episode. A mean number of 1.9 additional injections per eye was needed during re-treatment. Final BCVA in the recurrence group was similar to that of non-recurrence group (0.53 ± 0.40 versus 0.55 ± 0.36 LogMAR; p = 0.755). Baseline BCVA (p = 0.0001) was the only predictor of final visual outcome irrespective of anti-VEGF drug (p = 0.38).

Conclusion
Eyes requiring greater number of injections for disease control in first episode are “at risk” of early m-CNV recurrence. However, recurrence does not adversely affect visual outcome, if treated adequately.
Antimicrobial effects of inhaled sphingosine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in isolated ventilated and perfused pig lungs
Authors: Carstens Henning , Kalka Katharina , Verhaegh Rabea , Schumacher Fabian , Soddemann Matthias , Wilker Barbara , Keitsch Simone , Sehl Carolin , Kleuser Burkhard , Hübler Michael , Rauen Ursula , Becker Anne Katrin , Koch Achim , Gulbins Erich , Kamler Markus 
Published: July 2022

Background
Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is a save way to verify performance of donor lungs prior to implantation. A major problem of lung transplantation is a donor-to-recipient-transmission of bacterial cultures. Thus, a broadspectrum anti-infective treatment with sphingosine in EVLP might be a novel way to prevent such infections. Sphingosine inhalation might provide a reliable anti-infective treatment option in EVLP. Here, antimicrobial potency of inhalative sphingosine in an infection EVLP model was tested.

Methods
A 3-hour EVLP run using pig lungs was performed. Bacterial infection was initiated 1-hour before sphingosine inhalation. Biopsies were obtained 60 and 120 min after infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aliquots of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) before and after inhalation of sphingosine were plated and counted, tissue samples were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Immunostainings were performed.

Results
Sphingosine inhalation in the setting of EVLP rapidly resulted in a 6-fold decrease of P. aeruginosa CFU in the lung (p = 0.016). We did not observe any negative side effects of sphingosine.

Conclusion
Inhalation of sphingosine induced a significant decrease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the epithelial layer of tracheal and bronchial cells. The inhalation has no local side effects in ex-vivo perfused and ventilated pig lungs.
Blindness and visual impairment and their causes in India: Results of a nationally representative survey
Authors: Vashist Praveen , Senjam Suraj Singh , Gupta Vivek , Gupta Noopur , Shamanna B. R. , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Shukla Pallavi , Manna Souvik , Yadav Saumya , Bharadwaj Amit 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Avoidable blindness is a significant public health problem in India. Nationally representative RAAB surveys (Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness) are being conducted periodically in the country to know the current status of blindness in the country. The current study describes the findings from the RAAB survey conducted during 2015–19 in India.

Methodology
A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted across the entire country among persons aged 50 years and above using RAAB version 6 methodology. Presenting and pinhole visual acuity was recorded followed by lens examination using a torchlight. In order to estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in overall population in India, district weights were assigned to each of the 31 surveyed districts and the prevalence was standardized using the RAAB software.

Results
The overall weighted, age-gender standardized, prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60 in better eye) in population aged ≥50 years was 1.99% (95% CI 1.94%, 2.13%) and of visual impairment (VI) (presenting visual acuity <6/12 in better eye) was 26.68% (95% CI 26.57–27.17%). On multivariate analysis, adjusted odds ratio showed that blindness was associated with age ≥ 80 years (OR = 20.3, 95% CI: 15.6–26.4) and being illiterate (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 3.6–8.9). Blindness was not found to be significantly associated with either gender or locality.

Conclusion
The results of the survey demonstrate that currently more than one fourth of persons aged 50 years and above are visually impaired (PVA<6/12 in better eye) in India. The prevalence of blindness among them is 1.99%, and older age and illiteracy are significantly associated with blindness. Major causes of blindness included cataract (66.2%), corneal opacity (CO) (8.2%), cataract surgical complications (7.2%), posterior segment disorders (5.9%) and glaucoma (5.5%). The proportion of blindness and visual impairment that is due to avoidable causes include 92.9% and 97.4% respectively.
Household factors and the risk of severe COVID-like illness early in the U.S. pandemic
Authors: Nash Denis , Qasmieh Saba , Robertson McKaylee , Rane Madhura , Zimba Rebecca , Kulkarni Sarah G. , Berry Amanda , You William , Mirzayi Chloe , Westmoreland Drew , Parcesepe Angela , Waldron Levi , Kochhar Shivani , Maroko Andrew R. , Grov Christian ,   for the CHASING COVID Cohort Study Team
Published: July 2022

Objective
To investigate the role of children in the home and household crowding as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease.

Methods
We used interview data from 6,831 U.S. adults screened for the Communities, Households and SARS/CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study in April 2020.

Results
In logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of hospitalization due to COVID-19 for having (versus not having) children in the home was 10.5 (95% CI:5.7–19.1) among study participants living in multi-unit dwellings and 2.2 (95% CI:1.2–6.5) among those living in single unit dwellings. Among participants living in multi-unit dwellings, the aOR for COVID-19 hospitalization among participants with more than 4 persons in their household (versus 1 person) was 2.5 (95% CI:1.0–6.1), and 0.8 (95% CI:0.15–4.1) among those living in single unit dwellings.

Conclusion
Early in the US SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, certain household exposures likely increased the risk of both SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and the risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
Experiences with and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic by substance use disorder in the early phase of pandemic in the United States: A cross-sectional survey, 2020
Authors: Acevedo Andrea , Feng Wenhui , Corlin Laura , Allen Jennifer D. , Levine Peter , Stopka Thomas J. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could disproportionately affect individuals who have a substance use disorder (SUD). However, little information exists on COVID-19-related experiences among individuals with a SUD. We examined whether individuals with a SUD differ from other individuals with regard to COVID-19 testing, susceptibility, and employment-related vulnerability.

Methods
We used data from a U.S. nationally representative survey (n = 1,208). Using logistic regressions, we examined whether individuals with SUDs differ from other individuals regarding underlying health conditions, COVID-19 testing, access to paid sick leave, and loss of employment. Data were collected in late May-early June, 2020.

Results
Four percent of participants reported that a healthcare professional had told them they had a SUD. We found that, compared to those without SUDs, respondents with SUDs had higher odds of having lost their job due to the pandemic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:5.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]:2.28–11.74). Among individuals who were employed prior to the pandemic, people with SUDs had lower odds of having paid sick leave (AOR:0.26, 95% CI:0.09–0.74).

Conclusion
Our study indicates that individuals with SUDs could be disproportionately affected by COVID-19 economically, which might worsen SUD and racial/ethnic health disparities.
Motivations and barriers for healthy participants to participate in herbal remedy clinical trial in Tanzania: A qualitative study based on the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Kassimu Kamaka R. , Milando Florence A. , Omolo Justin J. , Nyaulingo Gloria , Mbarak Hussein , Mohamed Latipha , Rashid Ramla , Ahmed Saumu , Rashid Mohammed , Abdallah Gumi , Mbaga Thabit , Issa Fatuma , Lweno Omar , Balige Neema , Mwalimu Bakari , Hamad Ali , Olotu Ally , Jongo Said , Ngasala Billy , Abdulla Salim 
Published: July 2022

Background
The success of any randomized clinical trial relies on the willingness of people to be recruited in the trial. However, 90% of all clinical trials worldwide have been reported to have failed to recruit the required number of trial participants within the scheduled time. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the motivations and barriers for healthy participants to participate in herbal remedy clinical trials in Tanzania.

Materials and methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive research design based on the theory of planned behaviour. A total of five Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted at Bagamoyo Clinical Trial Facility from 29 to 30 May 2021. Each group consisted of 5 to 10 participants. The participants of the study were 30 healthy males aged 18 to 45 male who participated in the clinical trial that evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Maytenus Senegalensis. The focus group discussions were recorded audio-recorded. Verbatim transcription and thematic analysis were performed on the data.

Results
The prominent motivations mentioned were the opportunity for self-development, altruism, flexible study visit schedule, and financial compensation. Furthermore, the Participants’ mothers and friends were reported as those most likely to approve of participation in an herbal remedy. The most mentioned barriers were inconvenience related to time commitment requirements, possible side effects, inflexible study visit schedule, and having other commitments. Moreover, the participants’ father was reported to be more likely to disapprove of participation in a clinical trial of herbal remedy clinical trial.

Conclusions
The results of this study showed that the motivations and barriers of healthy participants to participate in clinical trials of herbal remedies are varied and that participants are motivated by more than financial gains. The identified motivations and barriers can be used as a guideline to improve the design of recruitment and retention strategies for herbal remedy clinical trials.
Selección de guías de turismo por parte de agencias para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez en Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Martelo Gómez Raúl , Oyola Quitero Paulo , Franco Borré David 
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Determinar guías de turismo competentes para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez presentados en agencias de Cartagena de Indias.
Metodología: La investigación fue mixta con un diseño de exploración exploratorio secuencial, donde se aplicó la entrevista para obtener información directa de empleados que laboran en empresas turísticas ubicadas en Cartagena de Indias y la técnica revisión bibliográfica con el fin de obtener referentes literarios que proporcionen información relevante sobre la temática abordada en esta investigación. Lo anterior, sirvió como base para aplicar de manera correcta la técnica Matriz de Valoración de Ideas y determinar guías de turismo competentes para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez presentados en agencias de Cartagena de Indias.
Resultados: Se obtuvo el guía adecuado para realizar el recorrido en un caso de inmediatez, el cual cuenta con diferentes ventajas como el conocimiento de diferentes idiomas y el manejo adecuado de las técnicas de guianza.
Conclusiones: La aplicación de técnica Matriz de Valoración de Ideas permitió determinar guías de turismo competentes para realizar recorridos en casos de inmediatez presentados en agencias de Cartagena de Indias.
STUDI PERANCANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) ROOFTOP ON GRID PADA PT. BPR BKK MANDIRAJA CABANG WANAYASA KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA DITINJAU DARI TEKNIS DAN EKONOMI TEKNIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE PVSYST 7.0 DAN RETSCREEN 6.0.7
Authors: Mahardhika Darell , Windarta Jaka , Sinuraya Enda Wista 
Published: July 2022

Penggunaan teknologi sel surya sebagai sumber energi listrik di Indonesia masih sangat minim padahal potensi sumber energi matahari sangat melimpah. EBT mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Dalam hal ini, energi surya merupakan alternatif energi terbarukan yang mampu menjadi salah satu solusi untuk menjadi pengganti energi fosil. Menggunakan masing-masing dua alternatif untuk komponen utama panel surya dan inverter maka terdapat 4 variasi rancangan konfigurasi komponen dalam penelitian ini. Variasi 1 menggunakan panel surya osda dengan inverter solis. Variasi 2 menggunakan panel surya osda dengan inverter sofar. Variasi 3 menggunakan panel surya risen dengan inverter solis. Variasi 4 menggunakan panel surya risen dengan inverter sofar. Melalui software PVSyst 7.0, dengan rata rata radiasi sebesar 4,16 kWh/m2/hari, potensi kinerja dari masing-masing variasi perancangan PLTS rooftop kapasitas 1200 Wp ini akan menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 1266 kWh, 1259 kWh, 1401 kWh dan 1393 kWh. Biaya investasi masing-masing variasi perancangan PLTS pada penelitian ini adalah Rp23.072.000, Rp21.922.000, Rp24.572.000, dan Rp23.422.000 dengan nilai Net Present Value masing-masing variasi adalah Rp6.384.126, Rp7.631.112, Rp7.816.540, dan Rp9.023.991 dengan waktu pengembalian biaya investasi masing-masing variasi berdasarkan discounted payback period yang dihitung adalah 13,13 tahun, 12,83 tahun, 12,78 tahun dan 12,26 tahun
PERANCANGAN INVERTER SATU FASA TOPOLOGI JEMBATAN PENUH DENGAN RANGKAIAN BOOTSTRAP
Authors: Gianza Nieko Nata , Darjat Darjat , Afrisal Hadha 
Published: July 2022

Panel surya dapat mengubah energi surya menjadi energi listrik dengan keluaran tegangan arus searah. Hal ini menyebabkan perlu dirancangnya inverter yang dapat mengubah tegangan DC menjadi AC. Inverter dilengkapi dengan transformator step-up untuk menaikan tegangan hingga mencapai 220 VAC. Pemicuan sinyal menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Nano untuk menghasilkan sinyal SPWM. Dalam Tugas Akhir ini dilakukan pengujian dengan memvariasikan nilai frekuensi dari 40 Hz – 60 Hz dan melihat pengaruh pada tegangan keluaran, arus keluaran, dan efisiensi . Pada pengujian didapatkan nilai tegangan rata-rata pada lampu LED 12 Watt sebesar 187,422 V dan lampu pijar 100 Watt sebesar 172,367. Pengujian dengan variasi beban kipas angin 35 Watt memiliki nilai tegangan rata-rata sebesar 221,6 V. Berdasarkan pengujian tersebut didapatkan efisiensi rata-rata dengan variasi frekuensi pada keluaran inverter saat dibebani lampu LED 12 Watt sebesar 77,41% dan saat dibebani lampu pijar 100 Watt sebesar 55,31%. Pengujian variasi beban saat dibebani kipas angin 35 Watt memiliki efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 46,44%. Perubahan nilai efisiensi pada pengujian variasi frekuensi dipengaruhi oleh rugi-rugi pensaklaran MOSFET, rugi-rugi konduksi MOSFET, dan rugi-rugi lainnya.
ANALISIS STABILITAS DAN PENENTUAN PROTEKSI TEGANGAN DAN FREKUENSI DI GENERATOR TRANSFORMATOR PLTP DARAJAT
Authors: Azmi Moh. Izzul , Hermawan Hermawan , Facta Mochammad 
Published: July 2022

Suplai daya maksimal Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi Darajat maksimum sebesar 197,663 MW. Kestabilan sistem dalam menyuplai beban secara terus menerus sangat penting. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut adalah kestabilan frekuensi dan tegangan. Stabilitas frekuensi dan tegangan perlu diperhatikan selama perencanaan dan pengoperasian tenaga listrik untuk menghindari ketidakstabilan sistem yang dapat menyebabkan (blackout) pemadaman sistem. Pengkondisian beban dan setting proteksi perlu dilakukan untuk mengembalikan sistem ke kondisi normal setelah terjadi gangguan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang stabilitas dan proteksi tegangan dan frekuensi pada generator-transformator PLTP Darajat dengan metode voltage impact dan hubung singkat (short circuit). Untuk proteksi tegangan dan frekuensi akan dilakukan penentuan setting ulang rele tegangan (27 & 59), frekuensi (81 U &O), V/Hz (24), dan penambahan rele loss of excitation (40) guna menjaga kestabilan dan proteksi pada generator-transformator PLTP Darajat
PERENCANAAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE HOMER DI DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK INDUSTRI UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
Authors: Manullang Victor Ragidup Tua , Nugroho Agung , Sinuraya Enda Wista 
Published: July 2022

Pembangkit listrik di Indonesia saat ini masih banyak yang menggunakan energi tak terbarukan. Sehingga diperlukan energi terbarukan yang dapat bekerja secara efisien. Departemen Teknik Indusrtri Universitas Diponegoro terletak di Semarang,Jawa Tengah. Lokasi ini memiliki iradiasi yang cukup besar,hal ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membangun pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS). PLTS adalah sistem pembangkit yang memanfaatkan sinar matahari yang nantinya akan dikonversikan menjadi energi listrik menggunakan PV. HOMER adalah suatu model sistem pembangkit skala kecil untuk mempermudah dalam mengevaluasi desain dari jaringan tunggal (off-grid) maupun jaringan yang terkoneksi dengan sistem (grid-connected). HOMER memungkinkan pemodelan untuk membandingkan banyak opsi desain yang berbeda bedasarkan manfaat teknis dan ekonomi mereka. Dengan menggunakan HOMER diharapakan dapat mengetahui konfigurasi sistem pembangkit yang optimal juga dapat mengetahui besar potensi energi terbaharukan di Teknik Industri. Hasilnya dengan menggunakan HOMER di dapat konfigurasi yang optimal yaitu photovoltaic (PV)-Grid dengan 22.244 kWh/tahun untuk daya yang dihasilkan oleh PV dan 284.061 kWh/tahun daya yang disuplai oleh grid untuk memenuhi permintaan beban sebesar 305.305 kWh/tahun, dengan investasi awal sebesar $13.597 pada HOMER menggunakan bunga sebesar 6 %, didapat nilai NPC sebesar $392.973, nilai COE sebesar $0,101/kWh dan BEP terjadi pada tahun ke-15,58.