bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responding to anti-Black racism in clinical supervision: development of a behavioral typology using simulated encounters
Authors: Calhoun Amanda , Martin Andres , Adigun Ayodola , Alleyne Shirley D. , Asuzu Kammarauche , Thompson-Felix Tara , Asnes Andrea , de Carvalho-Filho Marco A. , Benoit Laelia , Genao Inginia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

IntroductionRacist interactions in clinical practice remain a pervasive reality for Black healthcare providers. Supervisors charged with the oversight, protection, and support of their racially minoritized trainees are often inconsistent in their approach and have limited guidance to inform their actions. MethodsWe designed an empirical study in which experienced supervisors responded to seven short, videotaped interactions between 1) a simulated participant (SP) and different clinicians-in-training; 2) the trainees and their respective supervisors; and 3) the trainees and their supervisors together with the SP. The clinical exchanges exemplified different types of racist (entrenching) or antiracist (uprooting) behaviors. After viewing each clip, participants wrote their reflections confidentially before joining together in a structured debriefing. We analyzed the corpus of free-text entries and debriefing transcripts using a thematic-phenomenological qualitative approach. ResultsBased on the input of 52 participants recruited into five two-hour-long sessions, we developed a behavioral typology for supervisors facing anti-Black racial injuries involving learners under their oversight. We organized supervisor behaviors into five interlocking domains, each with a range of possible responses: 1) Gradation: from conciliatory to confrontational; 2) Explicitness: from eliding to naming; 3) Ownership: from individual to shared; 4) Involvement: from deferred (excusing) to cotemporaneous (including); and 5) Stance: from protective to paternalistic. DiscussionA behavioral typology can serve as a rubric for supervisors to engage in reflective practice and for medical educators to inform faculty development initiatives to fight anti-Black racism in clinical practice. In addition, the typology can serve as a framework for facilitated discussion among healthcare providers who may have experienced or witnessed anti-Black racist interactions.
A nomogram for predicting postoperative overall survival of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma: a SEER-based study
Authors: Rao Jin , Yu Yue , Zhang Li , Wang Pei , Wang Xuefu , Wang Zhinong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Lung squamous cell carcinoma is a common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Our study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram model and to predict overall survival for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma undergoing surgical treatment.
Methods
A total of 8,078 patients eligible for recruitment between 2010 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. They were further randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors affecting the prognosis for constructing the nomogram. The discrimination and calibration of the established nomogram were evaluated using receiver the operating characteristic curve and calibration plots. In addition, decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical utility. Finally, we plotted Kaplan-Meier survival curves and developed risk stratification systems.
Results
Seven variables were selected to establish the nomogram for lung squamous cell carcinoma. The area under the curve in the receiver the operating characteristic curve analysis revealed 0.658, 0.651, and 0.647 in the training cohort and 0.673, 0.667, and 0.658 in the validation cohort at 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival, respectively. The calibration curves showed satisfactory consistencies between nomogram-predicted and observed survival probability at 1-, 2-, and 3- year overall survival in training and validation cohorts. The decision curve analysis showed the established nomogram had great clinical net benefit, indicating high clinical application value. In risk stratification systems, patients were divided into three risk groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that a significant difference in overall survival were observed among the three groups (P༜0.001).
Conclusions
A prognostic nomogram for overall survival of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients after surgical treatment was developed and validated, which may assist clinicians in evaluating prognosis of and facilitate doctors to provide highly individualized therapy.
Encryption Based Simple and Robust Subscriber – Client Authentication Protocol for Ultralightweight Sensor Networks
Authors: Chakraborty Rajdeep , Acharya Aheli , Paul Debasmita , Guha Debajyoti , Elngar Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Safety is the most important part in IoT networks. As maximum number of IoT devices are resource constrained, it is difficult to implement strong safety mechanisms. Maximum number of authentication techniques use certificates in which signing and verifying requires additional computation and power. Thus, the goal of this paper is to propose a new lightweight encryption-based authentication protocol for resource-controlled devices. In this paper we proposed an authentication protocol that uses RRSC – v1 encryption and one subscriber and several clients. The main objective is to develop a ultralightweight protocol for very low resources sensor network. In this protocol, we have two algorithms, first, one to one encryption-based authentication protocol where client is the low resource sensor and subscriber is the edge device in the IoT. Second, the RRSC – V1, encryption algorithm itself. It has many applications for temperature sensors, rain sensors and smoke sensors as they have very low memories and computing capacity.
Quantitative temporal analysis of modified vaccinia Ankara, the monkeypox and smallpox vaccine
Authors: Albarnaz Jonas Dutra , Oliveira Marisa , Kite Joanne , Paulo Joao , Antrobus Robin , Gygi Steven , Huttlin Edward , Smith Geoffrey , Weekes Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) immunisation is being deployed to curb the current outbreak of monkeypox in multiple countries1. Originally authorized for vaccination against smallpox, MVA is a vaccinia virus (VACV) strain that does not replicate in human cells or cause serious adverse events. Here, we conducted a highly multiplexed proteomic analysis2 to quantify ~7,500 cellular proteins and ~80% of viral proteins at five time points throughout MVA infection of human cells3. >380 human proteins were down-regulated >2-fold by MVA, revealing a profound remodelling of the host proteome. >25% of these MVA targets, including multiple components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), were not shared with VACV-Western Reserve4, which is derived from a first generation smallpox vaccine associated with serious adverse events. Using pharmacological inhibition of viral DNA replication and killed virions, we discovered that post-replicative gene expression is necessary for the downregulation of NPC proteins and for elements of MVA antagonism of innate immune sensing. Our approach thus provides the first global view of the impact of MVA infection on the host proteome, offers insights into how MVA interacts with the antiviral defences and identifies cellular mechanisms that may underpin the abortive infection of human cells. These discoveries will prove vital to the rational design of future generations of vaccines.
SARS-CoV-2 quasi-species analysis from patients with persistent nasopharyngeal shedding: potential tool to finest genomic watch
Authors: DUDOUET Pierre , COLSON Philippe , AHERFI Sarah , LEVASSEUR Anthony , BEYE Mamadou , DELERCE Jeremy , BUREL Emilie , LAVRARD Philippe , BADER Wahiba , LAGIER Jean-Christophe , FOURNIER Pierre-Edouard , SCOLA Bernard LA , RAOULT Didier 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
At the time of a new and unprecedented viral pandemic, many questions are being asked about the genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of different variants, leading to therapeutic and immune evasion and survival of this genetically highly labile RNA virus. The nasopharyngeal persistence of infectious virus beyond 17 days proves its constant interaction with the human immune system and increases the intra-individual mutational possibilities. We performed a prospective high-throughput sequencing study (ARTIC Nanopore) of SARS-CoV-2 from so-called "persistent" patients, comparing them with a non-persistent population, and analyzing the quasi-species present in a single sample at time t. Global intra-individual variability in persistent patients was found to be higher than in controls (mean 5.3%, Standard deviation 0.9 versus 4.6% SD 0.3, respectively, p< 0,001). In the detailed analysis, we found a greater difference between persistent and non-persistent patients with non-severe COVID 19, and between the two groups infected with clade 20A. Furthermore, we found minority N501Y and P681H mutation clouds in all patients, with no significant differences found between both groups. The question of the SARS-CoV-2 viral variants’ genesis remains to be further investigated, with the need to prevent new viral propagations and their consequences, and quasi-species analysis could be an important key to watch out.
Systematic scientific strategies associated with mitigating the challenges in predicting track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins
Authors: Singh Vivek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study analyses the systematic scientific strategies associated with mitigating the challenges in predicting track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins. The relevant ‘51’ original publications on predicting track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins utilising numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, machine learning and satellite based approach were chosen using a focused orderly search and were used to develop the selection benchmarks for the systematic literature review. According to our systematic review, out of selected ‘51’ studies, a total of ‘19’(37.25%) and ‘12’ (23.52%) and ‘9’ (17.64%) studies were focused on Pacific (including south China sea) Atlantic and North Indian Ocean (NIO) basins respectively. Three studies were conducted over both the Pacific and Atlantic Basins. However, the remaining ‘8’ studies were not over any specific basin. After 2015, the widespread use of machine based algorithm and analysis began, with a focus on the improvement in intensity prediction of TCs. Satellite based approach was employed in nearly all of the studies, and data assimilation techniques were in the nascent stage during 2006-2013. To create detailed cyclone prediction track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins, a balance among data assimilation systems, modelling systems, and machine learning to uncover predictability drivers is necessary. Globally, predicting track and intensity of cyclones should take into account future climate change scenarios in the world basins. In order to gain improvement in this direction, further research is needed to fill in the knowledge gaps that have been identified.
Problems of anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Gordeeva O. M. , Tikhonov A. M. , Andreevskaya S. N. , Larionova E. E. , Karpina N. L. 
Published: July 2022

The objective: to determine possibility of prescribing and safety of various anti-tuberculosis drugs and their combinations as part of a therapeutic or preventive course of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATBT) in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis replacement therapy in the settings with high prevalence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. 42 patients receiving hemodialysis replacement therapy were followed-up by Central Tuberculosis Research Institute: of them, 31 (73.8%) had active tuberculosis and 11 (26.2%) had residual post-tuberculous changes in the respiratory organs. During the follow-up, the nature and severity of adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs were assessed.Results. In the patients with end-stage CKD suﬀering from respiratory tuberculosis, drug resistant strains prevailed – 68.2%. Some of adverse events developed when taking anti-tuberculosis drugs were as follows: deterioration of uremia in 20.5% of cases, cardiovascular complications – in 17.9%, and neurotoxic reactions – in 15.4%. Progression of uremia occurred more often in the followed-up patients taking anti-tuberculosis drugs versus hepatotoxic reactions (p = 0.02). When treating tuberculosis patients with end-stage CKD, isoniazid was discontinued due to adverse events in 12.8% of cases and pyrazinamide in 12.8% of cases, other drugs were discontinued less frequently. Compilation of individual regimens of anti-tuberculosis drugs with the consideration of drug susceptibility testing results, contraindications, and concomitant diseases made it possible to provide an adequate anti-tuberculosis therapy for patients with end-stage CKD with tuberculosis infection in 92.9% of cases for a period of more than 6 months.
Viscosity of Earth’s inner core constrained by Fe–Ni interdiffusion in Fe–Si alloy in an internal-resistive-heated diamond anvil cell
Authors: Park Yohan , Yonemitsu Kyoko , Hirose Kei , Kuwayama Yasuhiro , Azuma Shintaro , Ohta Kenji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Diffusivity in iron (Fe) alloys at high pressures and temperatures imposes constraints on the transport properties of the inner core, such as viscosity. Because silicon (Si) is among the most likely candidates for light elements in the inner core, the presence of Si must be considered when studying diffusivity in the Earth’s inner core. In this study, we conducted diffusion experiments under pressures up to about 50 GPa using an internal-resistive-heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC) that ensures stable and homogeneous heating compared with a conventional laser-heated DAC and thus allows us to conduct more reliable diffusion experiments under high pressure. We determined the coefficients of Fe–nickel (Ni) interdiffusion in the Fe–Si 2 wt% alloy. The obtained diffusion coefficients follow a homologous temperature relationship derived from previous studies without considering Si. This indicates that the effect of Si on Fe–Ni interdiffusion is not significant. The upper limit of the viscosity of the inner core inferred from our results is low, indicating that the Lorentz force is a plausible mechanism to deform the inner core.
Assessing influence of anthropogenic and environmental factors on surface water quality for sustainable management of urban lakes: A case study from Udaipur, India
Authors: Auddy Nilabhra , Rai Atul Kumar , Shrimali Ashish , Pobi Krishnendu Kumar , Dutta Subhankar , Nayek Sumanta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The influence of natural and anthropogenic factors has caused significant impacts on surface water quality worldwide, particularly where monitoring mechanisms are weak or non-existent. Weathering and soil erosion from the lake catchment areas, the inflow of large number of tourists, drainage outlets, etc. pose a serious threat to two urban lakes, namely, Pichola and Fateh Sagar in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Subsequently, stringent water quality monitoring programmes are required to assess the water quality of these two lakes in two distinct seasons, i.e., pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. In this research study, the measured physicochemical parameters were computed for the water quality index (WQI), organic pollution index (OPI), and eutrophication index (EI) to evaluate the health of these lakes. The Pichola Lake had shown elevated concentrations for EC, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, TH, Cl−, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42− as compared to Fateh Sagar. The mean nutrient concentrations were recorded to be higher in Pichola Lake (TN 3.99 mg/L; TP 0.15 mg/L) as compared to Fateh Sagar (TN 2.50 mg/L; TP 0.003 mg/L). The lower values registered in the post-monsoon period were due to the dilution effect caused by the rainfall and influx of runoff water. These two lakes contribute significant ecological and economic value to the area, helping to meet the water requirements for the surrounding population, agricultural practices, and tourists. Therefore, the present study can provide essential information about taking up appropriate measures to protect the water quality of urban lakes and the need to implement better management policies and initiatives for the same.
Teachers’ Coping Style and Classroom Management Strategies toward Student Misbehavior among Bahir Dar University
Authors: Yimer Beneyam Lake 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Student misbehavior is disrupted during the teaching-learning process, creating psychological and physical discomfort that affects the achievement of educational goals.

Aim:
The current study was to explore the relationship between teachers’ coping styles and classroom management strategies toward student misbehaviour.

Methods:
The researchers used a correlational research design.

Results:
The independent t-test result shows there was a significant teacher gender difference that is observed in student misbehaviour and coping styles. The correlation result indicated a negative relationship between passive avoidant teachers coping styles with recognition and reward and discussion methods of classroom management. Social problem solving was positively and significantly related to recognition and reward and discussion, and negatively correlated to hinting and aggression.

Conclusion:
Teachers' gender and their coping styles were significant predictors of student misbehavior. The study recommended that it is essential to design and build a smooth relationship between student and teacher that can effectively minimize the chances of the happening of student misbehavior, and can solve the problem easier.
Smoking Cessation Smartphone App Use Over Time: Predicting 12-Month Cessation Outcomes in a 2-Arm Randomized Trial
Authors: Bricker Jonathan B , Mull Kristin E , Santiago-Torres Margarita , Miao Zhen , Perski Olga , Di Chongzhi 
Published: July 2022

Background
Little is known about how individuals engage over time with smartphone app interventions and whether this engagement predicts health outcomes.

Objective
In the context of a randomized trial comparing 2 smartphone apps for smoking cessation, this study aimed to determine distinct groups of smartphone app log-in trajectories over a 6-month period, their association with smoking cessation outcomes at 12 months, and baseline user characteristics that predict data-driven trajectory group membership.

Methods
Functional clustering of 182 consecutive days of smoothed log-in data from both arms of a large (N=2415) randomized trial of 2 smartphone apps for smoking cessation (iCanQuit and QuitGuide) was used to identify distinct trajectory groups. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of group membership with the primary outcome of 30-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence at 12 months. Finally, the baseline characteristics associated with group membership were examined using logistic and multinomial logistic regression. The analyses were conducted separately for each app.

Results
For iCanQuit, participants were clustered into 3 groups: “1-week users” (610/1069, 57.06%), “4-week users” (303/1069, 28.34%), and “26-week users” (156/1069, 14.59%). For smoking cessation rates at the 12-month follow-up, compared with 1-week users, 4-week users had 50% higher odds of cessation (30% vs 23%; odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% CI 1.05-2.14; P=.03), whereas 26-week users had 397% higher odds (56% vs 23%; OR 4.97, 95% CI 3.31-7.52; P<.001). For QuitGuide, participants were clustered into 2 groups: “1-week users” (695/1064, 65.32%) and “3-week users” (369/1064, 34.68%). The difference in the odds of being abstinent at 12 months for 3-week users versus 1-week users was minimal (23% vs 21%; OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.84-1.62; P=.37). Different baseline characteristics predicted the trajectory group membership for each app.

Conclusions
Patterns of 1-, 3-, and 4-week smartphone app use for smoking cessation may be common in how people engage in digital health interventions. There were significantly higher odds of quitting smoking among 4-week users and especially among 26-week users of the iCanQuit app. To improve study outcomes, strategies for detecting users who disengage early from these interventions (1-week users) and proactively offering them a more intensive intervention could be fruitful.
Infusion reactions to rituximab administration: algorithm of management
Authors: Ivanov D.D. , Zavalna I.М. 
Published: July 2022

Background. Allergic reactions to rituximab, which have been used for the past 20 years, are common in 32–62 % of patients. The purpose of the study: to develop an algorithm for controlling adverse reactions that occur during the introduction of rituximab. Materials and methods. The personal experience of treatment of 46 patients with various kidney diseases who received rituximab according to the indications according to the established diagnosis was analyzed. Evaluation of infusion allergic reactions was performed according to P.М. Kasi et al. (2012) for 5 classes of side effects. Results. It was found that allergic reactions to rituximab occurred in 46 % of patients in the range from 1 to 4 classes. The probability of their occurrence according to the class was almost the same, but somewhat less documented for the 4th grade. Re-administration of diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone 125 mg or hydrocortisone 125 mg, if necessary salbutamol, oxygen allowed to eliminate most of the reaction, and then resumed the introduction of rituximab, starting from 25 mg/h, gradually increasing to 300 mg/h. This administration, performed 1–2 times, was effective in 1–3 classes of allergic reactions. For fourth grade, one patient required omalizumab. Generalized experience allowed to give a graphical and descriptive algorithm of actions in case of infusion side effects for rituximab. Conclusions. Based on special data and literature analysis, an algorithm for controlling infusion allergic reactions with intravenous rituximab was formulated.