bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function of bidirectional sensitivity in the otolith organs established by transcription factor Emx2
Authors: Ji Young Rae , Tona Yosuke , Wafa Talah , Christman Matthew E. , Tourney Edward D. , Jiang Tao , Ohta Sho , Cheng Hui , Fitzgerald Tracy , Fritzsch Bernd , Jones Sherri M. , Cullen Kathleen E. , Wu Doris K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOtolith organs of the inner ear are innervated by two parallel afferent projections to the brainstem and cerebellum. These innervations were proposed to segregate across the line of polarity reversal (LPR) within each otolith organ, which divides the organ into two regions of hair cells (HC) with opposite stereociliary orientation. The relationship and functional significance of these anatomical features are not known. Here, we show regional expression of Emx2 in otolith organs, which establishes LPR, mediates the neuronal segregation across LPR and constitutes the bidirectional sensitivity function. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Emx2 in HCs lacks LPR. Tmie cKO, in which mechanotransduction was abolished selectively in HCs within the Emx2 expression domain also lacks bidirectional sensitivity. Analyses of both mutants indicate that LPR is specifically required for mice to swim comfortably and to traverse a balance beam efficiently, but LPR is not required for mice to stay on a rotating rod.
Microglial debris is cleared by astrocytes via C4b-facilitated phagocytosis and degraded via RUBICON-dependent noncanonical autophagy in mice
Authors: Zhou Tian , Li Yuxin , Li Xiaoyu , Zeng Fanzhuo , Rao Yanxia , He Yang , Wang Yafei , Liu Meizhen , Li Dali , Xu Zhen , Zhou Xin , Du Siling , Niu Fugui , Peng Jiyun , Mei Xifan , Ji Sheng-Jian , Shu Yousheng , Lu Wei , Guo Feifan , Wu Tianzhun , Yuan Ti-Fei , Mao Ying , Peng Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicroglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that undergo turnover throughout the lifespan. If microglial debris is not removed in a timely manner, accumulated debris may influence CNS function. Clearance of microglial debris is crucial for CNS homeostasis. However, underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We here investigate how dead microglia are removed. We find that although microglia can phagocytose microglial debris in vitro, the territory-dependent competition hinders the microglia-to-microglial debris engulfment in vivo. In contrast, microglial debris is mainly phagocytosed by astrocytes in the brain, facilitated by C4b opsonization. The engulfed microglial fragments are then degraded in astrocytes via RUBICON-dependent LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a form of noncanonical autophagy. Interference with C4b-mediated engulfment and subsequent LAP disrupt the removal and degradation of microglial debris, respectively. Together, we elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of microglial debris removal in mice, extending the knowledge on the maintenance of CNS homeostasis.
Tomographic detection of photon pairs produced from high-energy X-rays for the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing
Authors: Lyu Qihui , Neph Ryan , Sheng Ke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMeasuring the radiation dose reaching a patient’s body is difficult. Here we report a technique for the tomographic reconstruction of the location of photon pairs originating from the annihilation of positron–electron pairs produced by high-energy X-rays travelling through tissue. We used Monte Carlo simulations on pre-recorded data from tissue-mimicking phantoms and from a patient with a brain tumour to show the feasibility of this imaging modality, which we named ‘pair-production tomography’, for the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing. We simulated three image-reconstruction methods, one applicable to a pencil X-ray beam scanning through a region of interest, and two applicable to the excitation of tissue volumes via broad beams (with temporal resolution sufficient to identify coincident photon pairs via filtered back projection, or with higher temporal resolution sufficient for the estimation of a photon’s time-of-flight). In addition to the monitoring of radiotherapy dosing, we show that image contrast resulting from pair-production tomography is highly proportional to the material’s atomic number. The technique may thus also allow for element mapping and for soft-tissue differentiation.
Nano-optical designs for high-efficiency monolithic perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Tockhorn Philipp , Sutter Johannes , Cruz Alexandros , Wagner Philipp , Jäger Klaus , Yoo Danbi , Lang Felix , Grischek Max , Li Bor , Li Jinzhao , Shargaieva Oleksandra , Unger Eva , Al-Ashouri Amran , Köhnen Eike , Stolterfoht Martin , Neher Dieter , Schlatmann Rutger , Rech Bernd , Stannowski Bernd , Albrecht Steve , Becker Christiane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerovskite–silicon tandem solar cells offer the possibility of overcoming the power conversion efficiency limit of conventional silicon solar cells. Various textured tandem devices have been presented aiming at improved optical performance, but optimizing film growth on surface-textured wafers remains challenging. Here we present perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells with periodic nanotextures that offer various advantages without compromising the material quality of solution-processed perovskite layers. We show a reduction in reflection losses in comparison to planar tandems, with the new devices being less sensitive to deviations from optimum layer thicknesses. The nanotextures also enable a greatly increased fabrication yield from 50% to 95%. Moreover, the open-circuit voltage is improved by 15 mV due to the enhanced optoelectronic properties of the perovskite top cell. Our optically advanced rear reflector with a dielectric buffer layer results in reduced parasitic absorption at near-infrared wavelengths. As a result, we demonstrate a certified power conversion efficiency of 29.80%.
Integrated photodetectors for compact Fourier-transform waveguide spectrometers
Authors: Grotevent Matthias J. , Yakunin Sergii , Bachmann Dominik , Romero Carolina , Vázquez de Aldana Javier R. , Madi Matteo , Calame Michel , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Shorubalko Ivan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtreme miniaturization of infrared spectrometers is critical for their integration into next-generation consumer electronics, wearables and ultrasmall satellites. In the infrared, there is a necessary compromise between high spectral bandwidth and high spectral resolution when miniaturizing dispersive elements, narrow band-pass filters and reconstructive spectrometers. Fourier-transform spectrometers are known for their large bandwidth and high spectral resolution in the infrared; however, they have not been fully miniaturized. Waveguide-based Fourier-transform spectrometers offer a low device footprint, but rely on an external imaging sensor such as bulky and expensive InGaAs cameras. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-concept miniaturized Fourier-transform waveguide spectrometer that incorporates a subwavelength and complementary-metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible colloidal quantum dot photodetector as a light sensor. The resulting spectrometer exhibits a large spectral bandwidth and moderate spectral resolution of 50 cm−1 at a total active spectrometer volume below 100 μm × 100 μm × 100 μm. This ultracompact spectrometer design allows the integration of optical/analytical measurement instruments into consumer electronics and space devices.
Multiomics study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Ulfarsson Magnus O. , Thorolfsdottir Rosa B. , Jonsson Benedikt A. , Einarsson Eythor , Gunnlaugsson Gylfi , Rognvaldsson Solvi , Arnar David O. , Baldvinsson Magnus , Bjarnason Ragnar G. ,   DBDS Genomic consortium, Eiriksdottir Thjodbjorg , Erikstrup Christian , Ferkingstad Egil , Halldorsson Gisli H. , Helgason Hannes , Helgadottir Anna , Hindhede Lotte , Hjorleifsson Grimur , Jones David , Knowlton Kirk U. , Lund Sigrun H. , Melsted Pall , Norland Kristjan , Olafsson Isleifur , Olafsson Sigurdur , Oskarsson Gudjon R. , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger , Snaebjarnarson Auðunn S. , Sigurdsson Emil , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Schwinn Michael , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Bundgaard Henning , Nadauld Lincoln , Bjornsson Einar S. , Rulifson Ingrid C. , Rafnar Thorunn , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Sulem Patrick , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Holm Hilma , Stefansson Kari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and its sequelae are growing health problems. We performed a genome-wide association study of NAFL, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and integrated the findings with expression and proteomic data. For NAFL, we utilized 9,491 clinical cases and proton density fat fraction extracted from 36,116 liver magnetic resonance images. We identified 18 sequence variants associated with NAFL and 4 with cirrhosis, and found rare, protective, predicted loss-of-function variants inMTARC1andGPAM, underscoring them as potential drug targets. We leveraged messenger RNA expression, splicing and predicted coding effects to identify 16 putative causal genes, of which many are implicated in lipid metabolism. We analyzed levels of 4,907 plasma proteins in 35,559 Icelanders and 1,459 proteins in 47,151 UK Biobank participants, identifying multiple proteins involved in disease pathogenesis. We show that proteomics can discriminate between NAFL and cirrhosis. The present study provides insights into the development of noninvasive evaluation of NAFL and new therapeutic options.
Signal strength of STING activation determines cytokine plasticity and cell death in human monocytes
Authors: Kabelitz Dieter , Zarobkiewicz Michal , Heib Michelle , Serrano Ruben , Kunz Monika , Chitadze Guranda , Adam Dieter , Peters Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a cytosolic sensor of microbial and host-derived DNA and plays a key role in innate immunity. Activation of STING by cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) ligands in human monocytes induces a type I interferon response and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the induction of massive cell death. In this study we have re-evaluated the effect of signal strength of STING activation on the cytokine plasticity of human monocytes. CDN (2′3′c-GAMP) and non-CDN (diABZI, MSA-2) STING ligands in the range of EC50 concentrations (15 μM 2′3′c-GAMP, 100 nM diABZI, 25 μM MSA-2) induced IFN-β, IP-10, and large amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α, but no IL-10 or IL-19. Interestingly, LPS-induced production of IL-10 and IL-19 was abolished in the presence of diABZI or MSA-2, whereas IL-1β and TNF-α were not inhibited. Surprisingly, we observed that tenfold lower (MSA-2, i.e. 2.5 μM) or 100-fold lower (diABZI, i.e. 1 nM) concentrations strongly stimulated secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-19, but little of IL-1β and TNF-α. Induction of IL-10 was associated with up-regulation of PRDM1 (Blimp-1). While cytokine secretion stimulated by the higher concentrations was accompanied by apoptosis as shown by cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP-1, the low concentrations did not trigger overt cell death yet induced cleavage of gasdermin-D. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized plasticity of human monocytes in their signal strength-dependent production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines upon STING activation.
Genetic polymorphism in BIN1 rather than APOE is associated with poor recognition memory among men without dementia
Authors: Mehta Kanika , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Pasco Julie A. , Williams Lana J. , Walder Ken , Ng Boon Lung , Gupta Veer Bala 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough several genetic polymorphisms have been linked with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, less is known about their impact on cognitive performance among cognitively healthy individuals. Our aim was to investigate the association of the genetic variant, rs744373 in the bridging integrator 1 gene (BIN1), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease after the APOE ε4 allele, with different cognitive domains among non-demented older men. Cognitive function was measured using the CogState Brief Battery, which assessed cognitive performance across four domains: psychomotor function, visual attention, recognition memory and working memory. Linear regression analysis revealed that individuals with the BIN1 risk allele performed poorly on the recognition memory task as compared to those without the risk allele. However, this was in contrast with the individuals who harboured the APOE ε4 risk allele as they displayed better performance on the recognition task in comparison to those without the ε4 risk allele. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates genetic variation in BIN1 to be a better predictor of recognition memory than APOE, which remains the biggest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease.
Cytogenetic and molecular insight into the genetic background of disorders of sex development in seventeen cats
Authors: Stachowiak Monika , Szczerbal Izabela , Nowacka-Woszuk Joanna , Nowak Tomasz , Sowinska Natalia , Lukomska Anna , Gogulski Maciej , Badura Malgorzata , Sklorz-Mencel Karolina , Jagodka Dariusz , Nizanski Wojciech , Dzimira Stanislaw , Switonski Marek 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe genetic background of feline disorders of sex development (DSDs) is poorly understood. We performed comprehensive cytogenetic, molecular, and histological studies of 17 cats with abnormal external genitalia, unusual behavior, or tricolor coats (atypical in males). The DSD phenotype of three cats was associated with sex chromosome abnormalities: X/Y translocation (38,XXSRY+), 37,X/38,XY mosaicism, and XX/XY leukocyte chimerism. The remaining 14 affected cats were classified as XY DSD (SRY-positive). In this group and 38 normal males, we analyzed a priori selected candidate genes (SRY, TAC3, CYP11B1 and LHCGR). Only a previously reported nonpathogenic variant was found in SRY. Moreover, SRY gene copy number was determined, and three variants were observed: 6, 5 (modal), and 4 copies in a single DSD case. The known variants in TAC3 and CYP11B1, responsible for testicular hypoplasia, persistent primary dentition or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, were not found in the study group. Nine novel polymorphisms were identified in the LHCGR gene, one of which, a potentially regulatory indel variant in 5′UTR, was significantly associated (p = 0.0467) with XY DSD. Our report confirmed that abnormalities of sex chromosomes are important causes of feline DSDs. We also showed that the indel variant of LHCGR can be considered a promising marker associated with XY DSD phenotype.
Heterologously secreted MbxA from Moraxella bovis induces a membrane blebbing response of the human host cell
Authors: Erenburg Isabelle N. , Hänsch Sebastian , Chacko Feby M. , Hamacher Anna , Wintgens Sebastian , Stuhldreier Fabian , Poschmann Gereon , Spitz Olivia , Stühler Kai , Wesselborg Sebastian , Hegemann Johannes H. , Smits Sander H. J. , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie , Schmitt Lutz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany proteins of the Repeats in Toxins (RTX) protein family are toxins of Gram-negative pathogens including hemolysin A (HlyA) of uropathogenicE. coli. RTX proteins are secreted via Type I secretion systems (T1SS) and adopt their native conformation in the Ca2+-rich extracellular environment. Here we employed theE. coliHlyA T1SS as a heterologous surrogate system for the RTX toxin MbxA from the bovine pathogenMoraxella bovis. InE. colithe HlyA system successfully activates the heterologous MbxA substrate by acylation and secretes the precursor proMbxA and active MbxA allowing purification of both species in quantities sufficient for a variety of investigations. The activatingE. coliacyltransferase HlyC recognizes the acylation sites in MbxA, but unexpectedly in a different acylation pattern as for its endogenous substrate HlyA. HlyC-activated MbxA shows host species-independent activity including a so-far unknown toxicity against human lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Using live-cell imaging, we show an immediate MbxA-mediated permeabilization and a rapidly developing blebbing of the plasma membrane in epithelial cells, which is associated with immediate cell death.
Induced pluripotent stem cells of endangered avian species
Authors: Katayama Masafumi , Fukuda Tomokazu , Kaneko Takehito , Nakagawa Yuki , Tajima Atsushi , Naito Mitsuru , Ohmaki Hitomi , Endo Daiji , Asano Makoto , Nagamine Takashi , Nakaya Yumiko , Saito Keisuke , Watanabe Yukiko , Tani Tetsuya , Inoue-Murayama Miho , Nakajima Nobuyoshi , Onuma Manabu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe number of endangered avian-related species increase in Japan recently. The application of new technologies, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), may contribute to the recovery of the decreasing numbers of endangered animals and conservation of genetic resources. We established novel iPSCs from three endangered avian species (Okinawa rail, Japanese ptarmigan, and Blakiston’s fish owl) with seven reprogramming factors (M3O, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog, Lin28, and Klf2). The iPSCs are pluripotency markers and express pluripotency-related genes and differentiated into three germ layers in vivo and in vitro. These three endangered avian iPSCs displayed different cellular characteristics even though the same reprogramming factors use. Japanese ptarmigan-derived iPSCs have different biological characteristics from those observed in other avian-derived iPSCs. Japanese ptarmigan iPSCs contributed to chimeras part in chicken embryos. To the best of our knowledge, our findings provide the first evidence of the potential value of iPSCs as a resource for endangered avian species conservation.
Controllable synthesis of Cu-based quantum dots/nanocrystals and application in white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Hong , Jiao Jinxu , Luo Donglian , Xiong Dehua , Gao Liang 
Published: October 2022

A unique (GB)nRm layered structure is designed, which cleverly uses 310 nm ultraviolet light to excite green Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs, blue Cs3Cu2I5 NCs and red CIS/ZnS core–shell QDs to achieve a balance of RGB colors and obtain white-LEDs.
Dinitrogen activation by a phosphido-bridged binuclear cobalt complex
Authors: Li Hai-Jun , Feng Rui , Wang Gao-Xiang , Wei Junnian , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: October 2022

The reduction of PNPCoBr under a N2 atmosphere yielded a binuclear cobalt dinitrogen anion complex via the C–P bond cleavage of the PNP ligand.
Characteristics of Early Expressive Vocabulary in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Luo Jianfen , Xu Lei , Wang Min , Xie Dianzhao , Li Jinming , Liu Xianqi , He Shuman , Spencer Linda , Rost Gwyneth , Guo Ling-Yu 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) demonstrated early lexical composition similar to their hearing peers who were at the same vocabulary level and the extent to which children with CIs were sensitive to linguistic and conceptual properties when developing early lexicon.

Method:
Participants were 77 Mandarin-speaking children with CIs who received CIs before 30 months of age. Their expressive vocabulary was documented using the Infant Checklist of the Early Vocabulary Inventory for Mandarin Chinese 9 or 12 months after CI activation. Percent social words, common nouns, predicates (verbs, adjectives), and closed-class words in total vocabulary were computed for children at different vocabulary levels. Common nouns and verbs were further coded for their word class (noun, verb), word frequency, word length, and imageability to predict how likely a given noun or verb would be produced by children with CIs.

Results:
Like children with typical hearing, social words were the most dominant category when vocabulary size in children with CIs was smaller than 20 words; common nouns became the most dominant category when the vocabulary size reached 21 words. The difference in percent common nouns and percent predicates (i.e., noun bias) was similar in children with CIs and their hearing peers. In addition, verbs, common words, monosyllabic words, and more imageable words were more likely to be produced by children with CIs than their counterparts.

Conclusions:
Mandarin children with CIs showed language-specific patterns in early lexical composition like their hearing peers. They were able to use multiple linguistic and conceptual cues when approaching early expressive vocabulary despite perceptual and processing constraints.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21357723
Gaia Data Release 3
Authors: Wyrzykowski Ł. , Kruszyńska K. , Rybicki K. A. , Holl B. , Lecœur-Taïbi I. , Mowlavi N. , Nienartowicz K. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Rimoldini L. , Audard M. , Garcia-Lario P. , Gavras P. , Evans D. W. , Hodgkin S. T. , Eyer L. 
Published: October 2022

Context. One of the rarest types of variability is the phenomenon of gravitational microlensing, a transient brightening of a background star due to an intervening lensing object. Microlensing is a powerful tool for studying the invisible or otherwise undetectable populations in the Milky Way, including planets and black holes.
Aims. We describe the first Gaia catalogue of candidate microlensing events, give an overview of its content, and discuss its validation.
Methods. The catalogue of Gaia microlensing events was composed by analysing the light curves of around 2 billion sources of Gaia DR3 from all over the sky covering 34 months, between 2014 and 2017.
Results. We present 363 Gaia microlensing events and discuss their properties. Of these, 90 have never been reported before and have not been discovered by other surveys. The contamination of the catalogue is assessed to 0.6%–1.7%.
Stereo PIV measurement of diffuser swirling flow
Authors: Procházka Pavel , Uruba Václav , Štefan David , Rudolf Pavel 
Published: October 2022

The swirling flow in a diffuser has been studied using the stereo PIV technique. The DANTEC hardware and software were used for the experiment. The water pipe flow in the diffuser inlet has been set spinning by introducing tangential jet flow. Both piping and diffuser were of circular cross-section, however diffuser casing had rectangular (square) cross-section. The plane of measurement was located perpendicular to the flow within the diffuser. The two cameras with the Scheinpflug lens mounting were used, however the angle between the lenses axes and the diffuser outer surface was far from to be perpendicular, as recommended in similar situations. This configuration has been dictated by technical conditions in the laboratory. The two-level calibration target with dots was used for the cameras calibration. The calibration covers the diffusers central region in a good quality, however regions close to the walls were not well resolved. Many combinations of axial and tangential inflow conditions have been studied. The acquisition covered about 3 seconds in real time with frequency 500 Hz. Both statistics and dynamics of the flow have been studied in details.
Results are shown for both statistical characteristics and dynamical analysis of various conditions. During experiments the air-glass-water interface was not normal to the camera viewing axis. The discussion how to solve this problem and of the bias of the calibration will be introduced.
Und auf einmal ist es Herbst.
Authors: Börner Doris , Zohmann Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,nach diesem ungewöhnlich heißen und trockenen Sommer
begrüßen sicherlich viele die jetzt kälteren und feuchteren
Tage. Die Zeit für Kastanien, Kürbissuppe, Kuscheldecke, Kerzen
– und zum Lesen!