bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Verbesina alternifolia and Mentha piperita oil extracts on Clinostomum phalacrocoracis metacercariae from Tilapia zillii
Authors: Mahdy Olfat A. , Abdel-Maogood Sahar Z. , Abdelrahman Hisham A. , Fathy Faten M. , Salem Mai A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinostomiasis (yellow grub disease) is a disease of freshwater fish caused by the encysted metacercariae (EMC) of Clinostomum spp. showing retarded growth, unusual host behavior, and even death in fishes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct an assessment of two selected plant extract: V. alternifolia and M. piperita oil extracts on tegument surface of C. phalacrocoracis metacercariae (MC) from T.zillii as utilisation of biodegradable, eco-friendly plant extracts in environmental remediation to avoid utilization of chemotherapy to control of parasitic diseases leading to potential long-term health risks on the environment and humans.

Results
The results of evaluation efficacy of plant oil extracts, namely V. alternifolia and M. piperita on C. phalacrocoracis MC infecting T. zillii, were dependent on dose and exposure time. The lethal concentrations caused by V. alternifolia extract were determined LC50 at (400 ppm/24 h), and contrarily, the worms from gp2 exposed to M. piperita extract at LC50 (1000 ppm/48 h) and did not cause complete mortality among the exposed worms. Statistically, mortality of C. phalacrocoracis caused by V. alternifolia was found to be a stronger effect significantly higher than that caused by M. piperita. The fine integument structures observed suffered stronger effect that appeared as severe damage and desquamation of worm’s teguments after exposure of V. alternifolia. In contrast, the M. piperita treatment exhibited edematous, swollen teguments, and blebs. Therefore, C. phalacrocoracis was an adequate model for evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic effects, contributing to the endeavors to identify suitable plant extracts, V. alternifolia and M. piperita.

Conclusions
This study highlights on assessment of selected two plant extracts; V. alternifolia and M. piperita revealed a stronger effect of V. alternifolia than M. piperita on tegumental surface of C. phalacrocoracis worms and, also, recommended the successful utilization of V. alternifolia on investigated worms as anthelmintic efficacy.
Oncology Fellows' Clinical Discussions, Perceived Knowledge, and Formal Training Regarding Medical Cannabis Use: A National Survey Study
Authors: Patell Rushad , Bindal Poorva , Dodge Laura , Elavalakanar Pavania , Freed Jason A. , Rangachari Deepa , Buss Mary , Schonberg Mara , Braun Ilana 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that patients with cancer frequently use cannabis with medicinal intent and desire clinical guidance from providers. We aimed to determine whether oncology training adequately prepares fellows to discuss medical cannabis. METHODS: A national survey study was conducted from January to March 2021. A questionnaire assessing oncology fellows' practices regarding cannabis recommendations in cancer care and their knowledge of its effectiveness and risks compared with conventional care for cancer-related symptoms was developed and sent to 155 US-based oncology training programs to distribute to trainees. RESULTS: Forty programs from 25 states participated; of the 462 trainees across these programs, 189 responded (response rate of 40%). Of the participants, 52% were female; 52% were White, 33% Asian, and 5% Hispanic. Fifty-seven percent reported that they discussed medical cannabis with more than five patients in the preceding year; however, only 13% felt sufficiently informed to issue cannabis-related clinical recommendations. Twenty-four percent reported having received formal training regarding medical cannabis. Oncology fellows who reported having received prior training in medical cannabis were significantly more likely to discuss cannabis with patients (risk ratio: 1.37, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.75; P = .002) and feel sufficiently informed to discuss cannabis recommendations (risk ratio: 5.06; 95% CI, 2.33 to 10.99; P < .001). Many viewed the botanical as a useful adjunctive therapy that was at least as effective as conventional treatments for anorexia/cachexia (72%), nausea/vomiting (45%), and pain (41%). CONCLUSION: Most oncology trainees not only reported engaging in discussions regarding medical cannabis with patients but also considered themselves insufficiently informed to make cannabis-related clinical recommendations. The discrepancy between the frequency of cannabis inquiries/discussions at the patient level and comfort/knowledge at the trainee provider level represents an unmet curricular need with implications for both graduate medical education and patient care.
Management of Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Super-refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Trinka Eugen , Leitinger Markus 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Status epilepticus is a serious condition caused by disorders and diseases that affect the central nervous system. In status epilepticus, hypersynchronous epileptic activity lasts longer than the usual duration of isolated self-limited seizures (time t1), which causes neuronal damage or alteration of neuronal networks at a certain time point (time t2), depending on the type of and duration of status epilepticus. The successful management of status epilepticus includes both the early termination of seizure activity and the earliest possible identification of a causative etiology, which may require independent acute treatment. In nonconvulsive status epilepticus, patients present only with subtle clinical signs or even without any visible clinical manifestations. In these cases, EEG allows for the assessment of cerebral function and identification of patterns in need of urgent treatment.

RECENT FINDINGS
In 2015, the International League Against Epilepsy proposed a new definition and classification of status epilepticus, encompassing four axes: symptomatology, etiology, EEG, and age. Various validation studies determined the practical usefulness of EEG criteria to identify nonconvulsive status epilepticus. The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society has incorporated these criteria into their most recent critical care EEG terminology in 2021. Etiology, age, symptomatology, and the metabolic demand associated with an increasing duration of status epilepticus are the most important determinants of prognosis. The consequences of status epilepticus can be visualized in vivo by MRI studies.

SUMMARY
The current knowledge about status epilepticus allows for a more reliable diagnosis, earlier treatment, and improved cerebral imaging of its consequences. Outcome prediction is a soft tool for estimating the need for intensive care resources.
The Pennsylvania Postmarket Multicenter Experience With Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device
Authors: Salem Mohamed M. , Kvint Svetlana , Hendrix Philipp , Al Saiegh Fadi , Gajjar Avi A. , Choudhri Omar , Jankowitz Brian T. , Goren Oded , Gross Bradley A. , Jabbour Pascal , Lang Michael , Schirmer Clemens M. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
The flow redirection endoluminal device (FRED) is a novel self-expanding double-layer nitinol braided flow diverter that recently received FDA approval. However, early postmarket studies from the United States are lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
To report our short-term multicenter experience.

METHODS:
Series of consecutive patients undergoing FRED treatment for intracranial aneurysms were queried from prospectively maintained registries at 4 North-American Centers in Pennsylvania (February 2020-June 2021). The pertinent baseline demographics, aneurysmal characteristics, and procedural outcomes were collected and analyzed, with primary outcome of aneurysmal occlusion and secondary outcome of safety and complications.

RESULTS:
Sixty-one patients (median age 58 years, 82% female) underwent 65 FRED treatment procedures for 72 aneurysms. Most (86.1%) of the aneurysms were unruptured; 80.5% were saccular in morphology, and 87.5% were located along the internal carotid artery, with a median size of 7.1 mm (IQR 5.2-11.9 mm). Radiographic follow-up was available in 86.1% of the aneurysms, showing complete occlusion in 74.2% (80% in catheter angiography-only group), and near-complete occlusion in 11.3% of the cases (median 6.3 months), with 2.8% re-treated. Permanent ischemic complications were encountered in 2.8% of the cases, with no procedural mortality. A modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2 was documented in 98.1% of the patients at the last clinical follow-up (median 6.1 months).

CONCLUSION:
The results of the early postmarket experience with the FRED device show reasonable safety and adequate aneurysmal occlusion rates comparable with other flow diverters. However, more extensive multicenter studies with more extended follow-up data are needed to assess the long-term safety and durability of the device.
Both entry to and exit from diapause arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans are regulated by a steroid hormone pathway
Authors: Zhang Mark G. , Sternberg Paul W. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Diapause arrest in animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans is tightly regulated so that animals make appropriate developmental decisions amidst environmental challenges. Fully understanding diapause requires mechanistic insight of both entry and exit from the arrested state. Although a steroid hormone pathway regulates the entry decision into C. elegans dauer diapause, its role in the exit decision is less clear. A complication to understanding steroid hormonal regulation of dauer has been the peculiar fact that steroid hormone mutants such as daf-9 form partial dauers under normal growth conditions. Here, we corroborate previous findings that daf-9 mutants remain capable of forming full dauers under unfavorable growth conditions and establish that the daf-9 partial dauer state is likely a partially exited dauer that has initiated but cannot complete the dauer exit process. We show that the steroid hormone pathway is both necessary for and promotes complete dauer exit, and that the spatiotemporal dynamics of steroid hormone regulation during dauer exit resembles that of dauer entry. Overall, dauer entry and dauer exit are distinct developmental decisions that are both controlled by steroid hormone signaling.
Human Performance and Injury Prevention in Cold Weather Environments
Authors: Bubnis Matthew A. , Hulsopple Chad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article serves as a primer for those practitioners who serve as subject matter experts in cold weather medicine, whether it be medical planning for an outdoor event, making the determination “it is too cold to exercise,” or investigating why an athlete is struggling to compete in a frigid environment. Cold weather exercise physiology is reviewed, and medical conditions that may impact performance at cold temperatures are briefly examined. Guidelines for cold weather risk assessment, injury prevention, and performance optimization also are discussed.
Cold Weather Injuries: Initial Evaluation and Management
Authors: Vogel Kendall , Hulsopple Chad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As more people take to extreme sporting activities and hobbies, the sports medicine physician should be proficient in early identification and initial sideline or field management of cold weather injuries. There is significant mortality and morbidity associated with these conditions. The most severe of these are hypothermia and frostbite, which have limited evidence for their field management. Nonfreezing cold injuries and chilblains are much rarer, although appropriate prevention and treatment strategies can be used to minimize harm to athletes. This article will provide the most updated recommendations for field or sideline evaluation and initial management of hypothermia, frostbite, nonfreezing cold injury, and chilblains.
Brain-based learning in design and visual arts education: a bibliometric assessment of Scopus indexed literature
Authors: El-Wakeel Hala A. , Abdellatif Reham , Eldardiry Dalia Hussain , Al-Saleh Deema F. , Shukri Mai I. , Ansari Khadeeja M N 
Published: April 2022

Background: This study aims to critically review, quantify, and assess research outcomes on brain-based learning with an evidence-based study on Scopus indexed literature, with a focus to understand the evolution structure and growth, detect trends, subject development, and most importantly, identify the gaps in the published body of literature that relates brain-based learning to design and visual arts education. Methods: Various scientometric tools were used to map, visualize, and analyze 186 research publications, indexed in Scopus in a twenty-year timespan ‘2001-2021’. Annual publication trends, relevant sources, prolific authors, authorship patterns, productive organizations and countries, funding agencies, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and thematic evolution mapping on brain-based learning publications were examined in this study. Results: Despite the significance to apply brain-based learning strategies in design and visual arts education to boost students’ knowledge and creative skills, the findings show a decline in quantities and growth patterns in brain-based learning research directed towards design disciplines in the past twenty years. Among the identified (186) documents published in (128) sources, with (1013) citations, the study detected only (57) research (30%) that were related to ‘design education,’ including those focusing on ‘instructional design, ‘and ‘syllabus design’ whereas only (3) articles were in ‘design and visual arts’ disciplines. Conclusion: These rather small numbers reflect the big gap in the current body of literature that associates brain-based learning with creativity-based disciplines, specifically in design and visual arts education. This infers the necessity to direct the attention of academics, researchers, and educationalists in the fields of design and arts towards brain-based learning applications, research and pedagogy.
Overview of Geometric Ways to Increase the Constructions’ Specific Strength: Topological Optimization and Fractal Structures
Authors: Zhikharev L. 
Published: April 2022

The paper is an overview of geometric methods for increasing the specific strength of parts and constructions. In the making of engineering knowledge it had been deduced by theoretical and empirical ways a number of rules for specifying the shape of bodies withstanding the loads applied to them. So, in construction, they prefer to use an I-beam instead of a beam with rectangular section, since the first one is able to withstand a large load with a similar mass and the same material, that is, with a certain loading scheme, the I-beam has a greater specific strength due to the features of its geometry. The basic principles of creating such a geometry have been considered in this paper.
With the development of the theory of strength of materials, as well as methods for automatization of design and strength calculations, it became possible to create the shape of parts optimized for specific loads. Computer generation of such a form is called topological optimization. A lot of modern research has been devoted to the development and improvement of algorithms for topological optimization (TO). In this paper have been described some of TO algorithms, and has been presented a general analysis of optimized forms, demonstrating their similarity to fractals.
Despite the rapid development of topological optimization, it has constraints, some of which can be circumvented by using fractal structures. In this study a new classification of fractals is presented, and the possibility of their use to create parts and constructions of increased specific strength is considered. Examples for successful application of fractal geometry in practice are also presented.
The combination of principles for designing strong parts and fractal shaping algorithms will make it possible in the future to develop the structure of strong elements applicable to increase the constructions’ specific strength. Further research will be devoted to this.
Motivaciones y tiempo de uso de las redes sociales por parte de los jóvenes españoles: señales de adicción
Authors: Fernández-Rovira Cristina 
Published: April 2022

La investigación presenta una descripción del tiempo de uso y las motivaciones que los jóvenes españoles manifiestan para pasar gran parte de su jornada diaria conectados a las redes sociales (rrss). El estudio partió de una encuesta realizada a 572 personas de entre 15 y 26 años en España y puso de manifiesto que los jóvenes pasan un promedio de 5,5 horas al día navegando por las rrss. Con respecto a las motivaciones que más expresan los encuestados, se encuentran las de compartir fotos o vídeos y ver qué hacen diariamente sus contactos. A pesar de que muchos usuarios califican su uso como adictivo, muestran muy poca voluntad para cambiar de hábitos. Además, los resultados del artículo también evidenciaron que la atención de los jóvenes se concentra en unas pocas plataformas, pertenecientes en su mayoría a Facebook Inc. (recientemente renombrado como Meta), lo que favorece una posición dominante de pocas grandes empresas tecnológicas que controlan el mercado de la atención.
Guarantees in Fair Division: General or Monotone Preferences
Authors: Bogomolnaia Anna , Moulin Hervé 
Published: April 2022

When dividing a “manna” Ω of private items (commodities, workloads, land, time slots) between n agents, the individual guarantee is the welfare each agent can secure in the worst case of other agents’ preferences and actions. If the manna is nonatomic and utilities are continuous (not necessarily monotone or convex) the minmax utility, that of our agent’s best share in the agent’s worst partition of the manna, is guaranteed by Kuhn’s generalization of divide and choose. The larger maxmin utility—of the agent’s worst share in the agent’s best partition—cannot be guaranteed even for two agents. If, for all agents, more manna is better than less (or less is better than more), the new bid and choose rules offer guarantees between minmax and maxmin by letting agents bid for the smallest (or largest) size of a share they find acceptable. Funding: A. Bogomolnaia and H. Moulin acknowledge the support from the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. H. Moulin’s research was also supported by a Chaire Blaise Pascal of the Region Ile-de-France, 2020-21.
Coronal Resorption in Unerupted Anterior Permanent Teeth: Cases with Different Aetiologies? A Review
Authors: Makwana Meeral , Murray Alison 
Published: April 2022

Two case reports are described along with differential diagnoses and management strategies from the literature for teeth discovered with intra-coronal resorption prior to their eruption. Our cases feature impacted maxillary anterior teeth. In both instances, significant coronal resorption presented itself mid-way through fixed appliance treatment, prior to full eruption of the involved teeth. This was detected radiographically and not through patient-reported symptoms. Once sufficiently erupted, root canal therapy was carried out in both cases and orthodontic treatment was successfully completed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontists are often first to identify pathological lesions in unerupted teeth and should be equipped with differential diagnoses in order to manage and refer patients appropriately.
Community-level trachoma ecological associations and the use of geospatial analysis methods: A systematic review
Authors: Burgert-Brucker Clara R. , Adams Molly W. , Mingkwan Pia , Flueckiger Rebecca , Ngondi Jeremiah M. , Solomon Anthony W. , Harding-Esch Emma M. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Trachoma is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2030. Understanding individual, household, or community-associated factors that may lead to continued transmission or risk of recrudescence in areas where elimination has previously been achieved, is essential in reaching and maintaining trachoma elimination. We aimed to identify climatic, demographic, environmental, infrastructural, and socioeconomic factors associated in the literature with trachoma at community-level and assess the strength of their association with trachoma. Because of the potential power of geospatial analysis to delineate the variables most strongly associated with differences in trachoma prevalence, we then looked in detail at geospatial analysis methods used in previous trachoma studies.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review using five databases: Medline, Embase, Global Health, Dissertations & Theses Global, and Web of Science, including publications from January 1950 to January 2021. The review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020191718).

Results
Of 35 eligible studies, 29 included 59 different trachoma-associated factors, with eight studies also including spatial analysis methods. Six studies included spatial analysis methods only. Higher trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) prevalence was associated with areas that: had lower mean annual precipitation, lower mean annual temperatures, and lower altitudes; were rural, were less accessible, had fewer medical services, had fewer schools; and had lower access to water and sanitation. Higher trachomatous trichiasis (TT) prevalence was associated with higher aridity index and increased distance to stable nightlights. Of the 14 studies that included spatial methods, 11 used exploratory spatial data analysis methods, three used interpolation methods, and seven used spatial modelling methods.

Conclusion
Researchers and decision-makers should consider the inclusion and potential influence of trachoma-associated factors as part of both research activities and programmatic priorities. The use of geospatial methods in trachoma studies remains limited but offers the potential to define disease hotspots and areas of potential recrudescence to inform local, national, and global programmatic needs.