bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality Reduction in Surrogate Modeling: A Review of Combined Methods
Authors: Hou Chun Kit Jeffery , Behdinan Kamran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSurrogate modeling has been popularized as an alternative to full-scale models in complex engineering processes such as manufacturing and computer-assisted engineering. The modeling demand exponentially increases with complexity and number of system parameters, which consequently requires higher-dimensional engineering solving techniques. This is known as the curse of dimensionality. Surrogate models are commonly used to replace costly computational simulations and modeling of complex geometries. However, an ongoing challenge is to reduce execution and memory consumption of high-complexity processes, which often exhibit nonlinear phenomena. Dimensionality reduction algorithms have been employed for feature extraction, selection, and elimination for simplifying surrogate models of high-dimensional problems. By applying dimensionality reduction to surrogate models, less computation is required to generate surrogate model parts while retaining sufficient representation accuracy of the full process. This paper aims to review the current literature on dimensionality reduction integrated with surrogate modeling methods. A review of the current state-of-the-art dimensionality reduction and surrogate modeling methods is introduced with a discussion of their mathematical implications, applications, and limitations. Finally, current studies that combine the two topics are discussed and avenues of further research are presented.
An improved deep echo state network inspired by tissue-like P system forecasting for non-stationary time series
Authors: Yang Xiaojian , Liu Qian , Liu Xiyu , Xue Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a recurrent neural network, ESN has attracted wide attention because of its simple training process and unique reservoir structure, and has been applied to time series prediction and other fields. However, ESN also has some shortcomings, such as the optimization of reservoir and collinearity. Many researchers try to optimize the structure and performance of deep ESN by constructing deep ESN. However, with the increase of the number of network layers, the problem of low computing efficiency also follows. In this paper, we combined membrane computing and neural network to build an improved deep echo state network inspired by tissue-like P system. Through analysis and comparison with other classical models, we found that the model proposed in this paper has achieved great success both in predicting accuracy and operation efficiency.
A real-time mix-adjusted median property price index enabled by an efficient nearest neighbour approximation data structure
Authors: Miller Robert , Maguire Phil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHomeowners, first-time buyers, banks, governments and construction companies are highly interested in following the state of the property market. Currently, property price indexes are published several months out of date and hence do not offer the up-to-date information which housing market stakeholders need in order to make informed decisions. In this article, we present an enhanced version of a mix-adjusted median based property price index which uses geospatial property data and stratification in order to compare similar houses sold in different trading periods. The expansion of the algorithm to include additional parameters, enabled by both a richer dataset and the introduction of a new, efficient data structure for nearest neighbour approximation, allows for the construction of a far smoother and more robust index than the original algorithm produced.
The Matthew Effect in Running: An Analysis of Elite Endurance Athletes Over 23 Years
Authors: Thuany Mabliny , Knechtle Beat , Kipchumba Kevin , Hill Lee , Gomes Thayse Natacha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of countries represented in the TOP20 long-distance elite runners ranking during 1997–2020, taking into account the countries’ Human Development Index (HDI), and to verify if the Matthew effect can be observed regarding countries’ representativeness in the raking alongside the years.MethodsThe sample comprised 1852 professional runner athletes, ranked in the Senior World TOP20 half-marathon (403 female and 487 male) and marathon (480 female and 482 male) races, between the years 1997–2020. Information about the countries’ HDI was included, and categorized as “low HDI”, “medium HDI”, “high HDI”, and “very-high HDI”. Athletes were categorized according to their ranking positions (1st–3rd; 4th–10th; > 10th), and the number of athletes per country/year was summed and categorized as “total number of athletes 1997–2000”; “total number of athletes 2001–2010”; and “total number of athletes 2011–2020”. The Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were used to verify potential associations and relationships between variables.ResultsMost of the athletes were from countries with medium HDI, followed by low HDI and very-high HDI. Chi-square test results showed significant differences among females (χ2 = 15.52;P = 0.017) and males (χ2 = 9.03;P = 0.014), in half-marathon and marathon, respectively. No significant association was verified between HDI and the total number of athletes, but the association was found for the number of athletes alongside the years (1997–2000 to 2001–2010:r = 0.60;P < 0.001; 2001–2010 to –2011–2020:r = 0.29;P < 0.001).ConclusionMost of the athletes were from countries with medium HDI, followed by those with low HDI and very-high HDI. The Matthew effect was observed, but a generalization of the results should not be done.
Selective aqueous oxidation of aromatic alcohols under solar light in the presence of TiO2 modified with different metal species
Authors: Bellardita Marianna , Feilizadeh Mansoor , Fiorenza Roberto , Scirè Salvatore , Palmisano Leonardo , Loddo Vittorio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA set of metals modified TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared starting from titanium tetraisopropoxyde and different metal precursors to study the influence of the addition of the various foreign agents on the physico-chemical and photocatalytic properties of the catalysts. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, specific surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, temperature programmed desorption after CO2 adsorption. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using as probe reactions the partial oxidation of three aromatic alcohols: benzyl alcohol (BA), 4-methoxy benzyl alcohol (4-MBA), and 4-hydroxy benzyl alcohol (4-HBA) under simulated solar light irradiation. Different oxidation and selectivity values were obtained for the three substrates depending not only on the type of metals but also on the nature and position of the substituent in the phenyl ring of benzyl alcohol. As a general behaviour, the doped samples allowed the achievement of a greater selectivity especially for 4-MBA even if sometimes with minor conversions. The presence of W or Nb was beneficial for both conversion and selectivity for all the substrates with respect to bare TiO2.

Graphical abstract
Optimal fiscal policy under capital overaccumulation
Authors: Chien YiLi , Wen Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a canonical model of heterogeneous agents with precautionary saving motives, Aiyagari [(1995) Journal of Political Economy103(6), 1158–1175.] breaks the classical result of zero capital tax obtained in representative-agent models. Aiyagari argues that with capital overaccumulation the optimal long-run capital tax should be strictly positive in order to achieve aggregate allocative efficiency suggested by the modified golden rule (MGR). In this paper, we find that, depending on the sources of capital overaccumulation, capital taxation may not be the most efficient means to restore the MGR when government debt is feasible. To demonstrate our point, we study optimal policy mix in achieving the socially optimal (MGR) level of aggregate capital stock in an infinite horizon heterogeneous-agents incomplete-markets economy where capital may be overaccumulated for two distinct reasons: (i) precautionary savings and (ii) production externalities. By solving the Ramsey problem analytically along the entire transitional path, we reveal that public debt and capital taxation play very distinct roles in dealing with the overaccumulation problem. The Ramsey planner opts neither to use a capital tax to correct the overaccumulation problem if it is caused solely by precautionary saving—regardless of the feasibility of public debt—nor to use debt (financed by consumption tax) to correct the overaccumulation problem if it is caused solely by production externality (such as pollution)—regardless of the feasibility of a capital tax. The key is that the MGR has two margins: an intratemporal margin pertaining to the marginal product of capital (MPK) and an intertemporal margin pertaining to the time discount rate. To achieve the MGR, the Ramsey planner needs to equate not only the private MPK with the social MPK but also the interest rate with the time discount rate—neither of which is equalized in a competitive equilibrium. Yet public debt and a capital tax are each effective only in calibrating one of the two margins, respectively, but not both.
Sell a Song of Safety: Children, Radio, and the Safety Patrol
Authors: Krawetz Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmid nationwide discussion on the importance of accident prevention and safety education, Tin Pan Alley songwriters Irving Caesar and Gerald Marks wrote and advertisedSing a Song of Safety(1937), a book of songs that taught children domestic, playtime, and traffic safety lessons, illustrated by Rose O'Neill. Caesar secured a recurring guest segment to perform the songs on the variety programThe Royal Gelatin Hourin 1938. Focusing on Caesar's segments, this article examines the role of children's music on the radio in the 1930s. Placing these songs in their historical context, I show how they both portray and challenge citizenship and community roles with regard to age, gender, and race. After unpacking the context ofThe Royal Gelatin Hourand the relationship between protection and innocence in safety education, I describe the portrayal of parenting in the segments. Taking one of Caesar's segments as a case study, I examine boyhood and race in the program's adaption of the safety patrol. By investigating the role of children and the construction of childhood in these initiatives, this paper addresses the relationship between children and media and early uses of media as a surrogate for parenting. It examines the use of popular culture in public safety efforts, the synergy of and tensions between service and profit, and the use of music to convey societal duties in everyday life as they shift throughout the life course.
Magnitude of terminological bias in international health services research: a disambiguation analysis in mental health
Authors: Gutierrez-Colosia M. R. , Hinck P. , Simon J. , Konnopka A. , Fischer C. , Mayer S. , Brodszky V. , Hakkart-van Roijen L. , Evers S. , Park A. , König H. H , Hollingworth W. , Salinas-Perez J. A ,   the PECUNIA Group, Salvador-Carulla L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Health services research (HSR) is affected by a widespread problem related to service terminology including non-commensurability (using different units of analysis for comparisons) and terminological unclarity due to ambiguity and vagueness of terms. The aim of this study was to identify the magnitude of the terminological bias in health and social services research and health economics by applying an international classification system.

Methods
This study, that was part of the PECUNIA project, followed an ontoterminology approach (disambiguation of technical and scientific terms using a taxonomy and a glossary of terms). A listing of 56 types of health and social services relevant for mental health was compiled from a systematic review of the literature and feedback provided by 29 experts in six European countries. The disambiguation of terms was performed using an ontology-based classification of services (Description and Evaluation of Services and DirectoriEs – DESDE), and its glossary of terms. The analysis focused on the commensurability and the clarity of definitions according to the reference classification system. Interrater reliability was analysed using κ.

Results
The disambiguation revealed that only 13 terms (23%) of the 56 services selected were accurate. Six terms (11%) were confusing as they did not correspond to services as defined in the reference classification system (non-commensurability bias), 27 (48%) did not include a clear definition of the target population for which the service was intended, and the definition of types of services was unclear in 59% of the terms: 15 were ambiguous and 11 vague. The κ analyses were significant for agreements in unit of analysis and assignment of DESDE codes and very high in definition of target population.

Conclusions
Service terminology is a source of systematic bias in health service research, and certainly in mental healthcare. The magnitude of the problem is substantial. This finding has major implications for the international comparability of resource use in health economics, quality and equality research. The approach presented in this paper contributes to minimise differentiation between services by taking into account key features such as target population, care setting, main activities and type and number of professionals among others. This approach also contributes to support financial incentives for effective health promotion and disease prevention. A detailed analysis of services in terms of cost measurement for economic evaluations reveals the necessity and usefulness of defining services using a coding system and taxonomical criteria rather than by ‘text-based descriptions’.
Thermal State of the Guaymas Basin Derived From Gas Hydrate Bottom Simulating Reflections and Heat Flow Measurements
Authors: Sarkar Sudipta , Moser Manuel , Berndt Christian , Doll Mechthild , Böttner Christoph , Chi Wu‐Cheng , Klaeschen Dirk , Galerne Christophe , Karstens Jens , Geilert Sonja , Mortera‐Gutierrez C. , Hensen Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeafloor heat flow provides information about the thermal evolution of the lithosphere, the magnitude and timing of volcanic activity, and hydrothermal circulation patterns. In the central Gulf of California, the Guaymas Basin is part of a young marginal spreading rift system that experiences high sedimentation (1–5 km/Myr) and widespread magmatic intrusions in the axial troughs and the off‐axis regions. Heat flow variations record magmatic and sedimentary processes affecting the thermal evolution of the basin. Here, we present new seismic evidence of a widespread bottom‐simulating reflection (BSR) in the northwestern Guaymas Basin. Using the BSR depths and thermal conductivity measurements, we determine geothermal gradient and surface heat flow variations. The BSR‐derived heat flow values are less than the conductive lithospheric heat flow predictions for mid‐oceanic ridges. They suggest that high sedimentation (0.3–1 km/Myr) suppresses the lithospheric heat flow. In the central and southeastern regions of the basin, the BSR‐derived geothermal gradient increases as the intruded magmatic units reach shallower subsurface depths. Thermal modeling shows that recent (<5,000 years) igneous intrusions (<500 m below the seafloor) and associated fluid flow elevate the surface heat flow up to five times. BSR‐derived geothermal gradients correlate little with the depth of the shallowest magmatic emplacements to the north, where the intrusions have already cooled for some time, and the associated hydrothermal activity is about to shut down.
Parametric Sensitivity of Electron Scattering Effects by Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves
Authors: Lou Yuequn , Cao Xing , Wu Mingyu , Ni Binbin , Zhang Tielong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well known that electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves can effectively precipitate hundreds of eV to tens of keV electrons into the upper atmosphere, resulting in the production of diffuse aurora. To deepen our outstanding of the contributions of ECH waves to diffuse aurora, in this study we perform a detailed analysis of the sensitivity of ECH wave‐induced electron scattering to ambient magnetic field intensity, total electron density and density ratio between hot and cold electrons. Our results show that for various parameter sets, ECH waves can cause the precipitation loss of diffuse auroral electrons at energies of 100 eV to several keV and are capable of accelerating 100 eV to keV electrons at intermediate pitch angle, therefore contributing to the formation of butterfly pitch angle distribution. We also find that the variations of background parameters significantly change the magnitude of diffusion coefficients and resonant pitch angle range of < ∼1 keV electrons, while the scattering efficiency of >∼1 keV electrons is almost unaffected. For <∼1 keV electrons, an increase of magnetic field intensity or density ratio between hot and cold electrons weakens the electron scattering efficiency and narrows the resonant region to lower pitch angles, while an increase of total electron density generally plays an opposite role. In addition, the momentum diffusion can be stronger than pitch angle diffusion at large pitch angles for <∼1 keV electrons, while it can be negligible at higher energies.
Splicing QTL analysis focusing on coding sequences reveals mechanisms for disease susceptibility loci
Authors: Yamaguchi Kensuke , Ishigaki Kazuyoshi , Suzuki Akari , Tsuchida Yumi , Tsuchiya Haruka , Sumitomo Shuji , Nagafuchi Yasuo , Miya Fuyuki , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Shoda Hirofumi , Fujio Keishi , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Kochi Yuta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSplicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) are one of the major causal mechanisms in genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci, but their role in disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. One reason is the complexity of alternative splicing events producing many unknown isoforms. Here, we propose two approaches, namely integration and selection, for this complexity by focusing on protein-structure of isoforms. First, we integrate isoforms with the same coding sequence (CDS) and identify 369-601 integrated-isoform ratio QTLs (i2-rQTLs), which altered protein-structure, in six immune subsets. Second, we select CDS incomplete isoforms annotated in GENCODE and identify 175-337 isoform-ratio QTL (i-rQTL). By comprehensive long-read capture RNA-sequencing among these incomplete isoforms, we reveal 29 full-length isoforms with unannotated CDSs associated with GWAS traits. Furthermore, we show that disease-causal sQTL genes can be identified by evaluating their trans-eQTL effects. Our approaches highlight the understudied role of protein-altering sQTLs and are broadly applicable to other tissues and diseases.
Rational design of a sensitivity-enhanced tracer for discovering efficient APC–Asef inhibitors
Authors: Zhong Jie , Guo Yuegui , Lu Shaoyong , Song Kun , Wang Ying , Feng Li , Zheng Zhen , Zhang Qiufen , Wei Jiacheng , Sang Peng , Shi Yan , Cai Jianfeng , Chen Guoqiang , Liu Chen-Ying , Yang Xiuyan , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)–Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (Asef) protein–protein interaction (PPI) is essential for colorectal cancer metastasis, making it a promising drug target. Herein, we obtain a sensitivity-enhanced tracer (tracer 7) with a high binding affinity (Kd = 0.078 μM) and wide signal dynamic range (span = 251 mp). By using tracer 7 in fluorescence-polarization assays for APC–Asef inhibitor screening, we discover a best-in-class inhibitor, MAI-516, with an IC50 of 0.041 ± 0.004 μM and a conjugated transcriptional transactivating sequence for generating cell-permeable MAIT-516. MAIT-516 inhibits CRC cell migration by specifically hindering the APC–Asef PPI. Furthermore, MAIT-516 exhibits no cytotoxic effects on normal intestinal epithelial cell and colorectal cancer cell growth. Overall, we develop a sensitivity-enhanced tracer for fluorescence polarization assays, which is used for the precise quantification of high-activity APC–Asef inhibitors, thereby providing insight into PPI drug development.
Human expansion into Asian highlands in the 21st Century and its effects
Authors: Yang Chao , Liu Huizeng , Li Qingquan , Wang Xuqing , Ma Wei , Liu Cuiling , Fang Xu , Tang Yuzhi , Shi Tiezhu , Wang Qibiao , Xu Yue , Zhang Jie , Li Xuecao , Xu Gang , Chen Junyi , Su Mo , Wang Shuying , Wu Jinjing , Huang Leping , Li Xue , Wu Guofeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost intensive human activities occur in lowlands. However, sporadic reports indicate that human activities are expanding in some Asian highlands. Here we investigate the expansions of human activities in highlands and their effects over Asia from 2000 to 2020 by combining earth observation data and socioeconomic data. We find that ∼23% of human activity expansions occur in Asian highlands and ∼76% of these expansions in highlands comes from ecological lands, reaching 95% in Southeast Asia. The expansions of human activities in highlands intensify habitat fragmentation and result in large ecological costs in low and lower-middle income countries, and they also support Asian developments. We estimate that cultivated land net growth in the Asian highlands contributed approximately 54% in preventing the net loss of the total cultivated land. Moreover, the growth of highland artificial surfaces may provide living and working spaces for ∼40 million people. Our findings suggest that highland developments hold dual effects and provide new insight for regional sustainable developments.
Omicron SARS-CoV-2 mutations stabilize spike up-RBD conformation and lead to a non-RBM-binding monoclonal antibody escape
Authors: Zhao Zhennan , Zhou Jingya , Tian Mingxiong , Huang Min , Liu Sheng , Xie Yufeng , Han Pu , Bai Chongzhi , Han Pengcheng , Zheng Anqi , Fu Lutang , Gao Yuanzhu , Peng Qi , Li Ying , Chai Yan , Zhang Zengyuan , Zhao Xin , Song Hao , Qi Jianxun , Wang Qihui , Wang Peiyi , Gao George F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOmicron SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly spreading worldwide. To delineate the impact of emerging mutations on spike’s properties, we performed systematic structural analyses on apo Omicron spike and its complexes with human ACE2 or S309 neutralizing antibody (NAb) by cryo-EM. The Omicron spike preferentially adopts the one-RBD-up conformation both before and after ACE2 binding, which is in sharp contrast to the orchestrated conformational changes to create more up-RBDs upon ACE2 binding as observed in the prototype and other four variants of concern (VOCs). Furthermore, we found that S371L, S373P and S375F substitutions enhance the stability of the one-RBD-up conformation to prevent exposing more up-RBDs triggered by ACE2 binding. The increased stability of the one-RBD-up conformation restricts the accessibility of S304 NAb, which targets a cryptic epitope in the closed conformation, thus facilitating the immune evasion by Omicron. These results expand our understanding of Omicron spike’s conformation, receptor binding and antibody evasion mechanism.