bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core–Shell Structured Chitosan‐Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: Improved Stability, Cellular Uptake, and Transfection Efficiency
Authors: Casper Jens , Nicolle Laura , Willimann Melanie , Kuzucu Evrim Ümit , Tran Alan , Robin Perrine , Detampel Pascal , Grisch‐Chan Hiu Man , Thöny Beat , Huwyler Jörg , Gerber‐Lemaire Sandrine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe delivery of nucleic acids relies on vectors that condense and encapsulate their cargo. Especially nonviral gene delivery systems are of increasing interest. However, low transgene expression levels and limited tolerability of these systems remain a challenge. The improvement of nucleic acid delivery using depolymerized chitosan–polyethylenimine DNA complexes (dCS‐PEI/DNA) is investigated. The secore complexes are further combined with chitosan‐based shells and functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cell penetrating peptides. This modular approach allows to evaluate the effect of functional shell components on physicochemical particle characteristics and biological effects. The optimized ternary complex combines a core‐dCS‐linear PEI/DNA complex with a shell consisting of dCS‐PEG‐COOH, which results in improved nucleic acid encapsulation, cellular uptake and transfection potency in human hepatoma HuH‐7cells and murine primary hepatocytes. Effects on transgene expression are confirmed in wild‐type mice following retrograde intrabiliary infusion. After administration of only 100 ng complexed DNA, ternary complexes induced a high reporter gene signal for three days. It is concluded that ternary coreshell structured nanoparticles comprising functionalized chitosan can be used for in vitro andin vivo gene delivery.
Time regularity for generalized Mehler semigroups
Authors: Lunardi Alessandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study continuity and Hölder continuity of , where is a generalized Mehler semigroup in , the space of the continuous and bounded functions from a Banach space X to , and . The generators L of such semigroups are realizations of a class of differential and pseudo‐differential operators, both in finite and in infinite dimension. Examples of operators L to which this theory is applicable include Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators with fractional diffusion in finite dimension, and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators with associated strong‐Feller semigroups, in infinite dimension.
Zero‐Carbon Emission Chemical Method to Remove Formaldehyde without Catalyst by Highly Porous Polymer Composites at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Zhen , Li Aihua , Pu Jiayan , Wang Zihao , Chen Tao , Jiang Degang , Yang Wenrong , Xia Yanzhi , Liu Jingquan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein, the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐templated polymer composites for chemical removal of gaseous formaldehyde under ambient conditions is presented. The chemical removal of formaldehyde is achieved by a nucleophilic addition reaction between formaldehyde and aminooxy groups on the polymer chain ends to form the oxime bonds with the only byproduct of H2O. RGO is essential since it not only has an ultralarge surface area but also can act as a perfect template for immobilizing pyrene‐terminated and aminooxy‐functionalized polymers via strong π–π stacking interactions, while melamine foam provides a three‐dimensional skeleton for loading RGO/polymer composites to afford a porous 3D structure for efficient formaldehyde removal. Since the oxime bond can be cleaved into aminooxy group in acidic media, the RGO/polymer composite can be regenerated for repeatable usage, which shows an excellent performance of adsorbing 14 mg of formaldehyde by 100 mg of the polymer at ambient condition.
Boron addition to AISI A213/P91 steel: Preliminary investigation on microstructural evolution and microhardness at simulated heat‐affected zone
Authors: Khajuria A. , Akhtar M. , Bedi R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe motivation behind present investigation has been a step to create preliminary understanding towards structure‐property correlation i. e., microstructure and microhardness in presence of boron in P91 steel and in its subzones of heat‐affected zone with Gleeble simulation. For microstructure characterization and its comparison amongst selected two steels, light microscopy for prior austenite grain size, morphology of prior austenite grain boundaries and scanning electron microscopy at low‐resolution and high‐resolution in order to study evolution of sub‐structure i. e. martensitic lath block structure and nano‐precipitates were employed. Electron backscatter diffraction measurements of all coupons were done to understand the distribution and contribution of relative fraction of various grain and sub‐grain boundaries within local microstructure. Main effects of addition of 100 ppm boron to standard P91 steel as observed from present microstructural evaluation are; existence of fine nano‐precipitates P91‐coarse grained heat affected zone than its P91B counterpart, grain refinement in fine‐grained heat‐affected zone of both steels with partial dissolution of nano‐precipitates, coarsened nano‐precipitates in P91‐fine‐grained heat‐affected zone after post weld heat treatment, mixed‐structure of partially transformed martensite and coarsened undissolved prior austenite grains with nano‐precipitates in P91‐inter‐critical heat‐affected zone than P91B‐inter‐critical heat‐affected zone. However, difference in microhardness was primarily owing to variation of nano‐precipitates fraction area. In addition, present work induced grounds for microstructure stability i. e., grain boundary hardening in P91B weldments that suppresses type IV failure.
Effect of tin addition on the corrosion resistance of low‐alloyed steel in simulated coastal‐industrial atmosphere environment
Authors: Chen S. , He M. , Liu B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn simulated coastal‐industrial atmosphere, the atmospheric corrosion behavior of three different tin content low‐alloy steels has been investigated by indoor wet/dry cyclic corrosion test. The results indicate that in the early stage of atmospheric corrosion, tin addition has beneficial effect on the corrosion resistance improvement, and corrosion resistance increases as tin content increases. However, increased corrosion resistance due to tin addition does not last long. After a large amount of corrosion products are formed on the surface of the sample, the stability and compactness of rust layer are degraded by tin. Therefore, in the long‐term atmospheric corrosion process, the lower the tin content in steel, the better the corrosion resistance of steel.
Evolution mechanism of compression deformation of carbon black reinforced epoxy resin composites
Authors: Wu Z. , Jang H.F. , Bo X. , Yang C.M. , Zhang Y. , Wan J.Q. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the double‐element composites were developed, which contained the epoxy resin as matrix phase and carbon black rubber powder as toughening materials. Quasi‐static compression tests on epoxy resin and different mass fractions carbon black rubber powder‐epoxy resin composites were performed in room temperature to test their compression properties. The energy absorption performance and the energy absorption efficiency of the composites were calculated according to the compression curve. The fracture characteristics of the micro appearance of the compressed material specimen were observed by scanning electron microscope. The deformation mode of the composite was analyzed. By systematically analyzing the effects of carbon black rubber powder content on the mechanical properties of carbon black rubber powder‐epoxy resin, it was found that carbon black rubber powder as a reinforced material could effectively improve the brittleness of epoxy resin, the yield strength and the adsorption properties and efficiency of composites. With the mass fraction of carbon black rubber powder increasing, the energy absorption performance of carbon black rubber powder‐epoxy resin first increases and then decreases. The most significant performance observed was at a mass fraction of 5 % in carbon black rubber powder‐epoxy resin composites.
Effect of ply orientation and laminate thickness on carbon fibre reinforced polymers under low‐velocity impact
Authors: Hiremath V.S. , Reddy D.M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComposite materials, which have gained prominence in the aerospace industry due to their high strength‐to‐weight ratio, are vulnerable to delamination damage when struck by low‐speed projectiles due to their low through‐thickness strength. This paper presents the experimental evaluation of a composite plate subjected to low‐velocity impact. The plates under discussion were constructed using a carbon fibre reinforced polymer laminate with a quasi‐isotropic ply structure. Experiments were carried out using a conical‐shaped impactor on carbon/epoxy laminated plates with three different orientations ([0/0] 4 s, [0/90] 2 s, and [45/0–45/90] s) that were put through two distinct impact energies (7 J and 14 J). Impact response is determined using drop‐weight impact tests. The techniques of ultrasonic C‐scan, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and surface micrographs were integrated to provide a new and in‐depth understanding of damage evolution and failure mechanisms in composite laminates. Damage resistance appears to decrease as impact energy increases. Furthermore, thicker laminates have lower absorbed energy but, on the other hand, more widespread delamination due to increased bending stiffness. Furthermore, quasi‐isotropic laminates outperform in terms of damage resistance and increased energy absorption rates by 8 % to 15 %. The efficacy and logic of the suggested model were shown by a strong connection between experimental results.
Prediction of thermal and thermo‐mechanical behavior of nano‐zirconia reinforced aluminium matrix composites
Authors: Shekhawat D. , Agarwal P. , Singh A. , Patnaik A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAluminium bequeaths the same benefits to medical industry as it does to other industries: it is incredibly lightweight and possesses superior strength‐to‐weight ratio. This study‘s aim is to investigate the thermal and thermomechanical behaviour of aluminium 6061 alloy reinforced with nano zirconia (0 wt. % to 15 wt. %; in 5 % steps) for medical applications. The effect of nano zirconia loading on thermal conductivity and thermo‐mechanical (thermo‐gravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis) have been systematically investigated. The thermal conductivity (128 W/m⋅K to 79 W/m⋅K) decreases with the increasing of nano zirconia particles reinforcement. The storage modulus increases with the nano zirconia particles (64 GPa to 172 GPa), whereas loss modulus indicates an increasing trend concerning the increasing temperature. The thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis result shows that composites’ decomposition temperature improved with the weight percentage of nano zirconia particles. Furthermore, representative volume element analysis is conducted to evaluate the thermal conductivity and results indicates good agreement with the experimental results within a deviation of ∼5 %.
Investigations on the local structure and the spin Hamiltonian parameters for Cu2+ in xCuO−(68−x)V2O5−32TeO2 glasses
Authors: Liu Li , Yang Zhangzhang , Fu Jia , Wan Zhitao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe defect structure, spin Hamiltonian parameters (SHPs: anisotropic
factors
and
and the hyperfine structure constants
and
), and their compositional dependence of
in
(
= 5, 10, 20, 30 mol%) glasses are quantitatively analyzed by using the higher‐order perturbation formula of octahedral complex with tetrahedral elongation distortion. Due to the Jahn–Teller effect, the
group is subjected to tetragonal elongation distortion of varying degrees.
, and
show nonlinear changes with the concentrations of
. When
= 10 mol% CuO, the degree of distortion (
) is the smallest; when
= 30 mol% CuO, the degree of distortion (
) is the largest, which indicates that excessive distortion leads to the appearance of
‐axis oxygen vacancies and the coordination number of copper ions from six to four. The increasing tendency of the evaluated
and
reveals decreasing covalency of the whole glass system. Present theoretical studies would be useful to the explore the structural properties and optical applications of glass with different
concentrations.
Evaluation of the effect of a Nursing System Framework on Nurse Sensitive Indicators, mortality and readmission in an NHS Trust
Authors: Cannaby Ann‐Marie , Carter Vanda , Warren Katherine , Gwinnett Jason , Bailey Karla , Mahmud Sultan , Gray Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 2018, an NHS Trust (UK) implemented an innovative Nursing System Framework (NSF). The NSF formalized a two‐year strategy, which provided teams with clear aims and measurable objectives to deliver care. Failures of coordination of nursing services are well‐recognized threats to the quality, safety and sustainability of care provision.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of introducing a NSF in an NHS Trust, using nursing sensitive indicators and pre‐selected mortality, data outcome measures.DesignA before and after implementation, observational study.Methods105,437 admissions were extracted at an admission record level. Data was extracted from 1st September 2018 through to the 31st August 2019.ResultsUsing SQUIRE guidelines to report the study, insufficient evidence was found to reject a null hypothesis with a chi‐squared test of association between in‐hospital death and the NSF intervention period, with a p‐value of .091. However, trends were seen in the data, which suggested a positive association.ConclusionThe NSF is a complex intervention, which provides direction for improvements but requires further research to understand the benefits for nurses, Midwives, Health Visitors and patients.
A higher‐order hybrid spline difference method on adaptive mesh for solving singularly perturbed parabolic reaction–diffusion problems with robin‐boundary conditions
Authors: Gupta Aastha , Kaushik Aditya , Sharma Manju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe propose a hybrid numerical scheme to discretize a class of singularly perturbed parabolic reaction–diffusion problems with robin‐boundary conditions on an equidistributed grid. The hybrid difference scheme is developed by using a modified backward difference scheme in time, a combination of the cubic spline and exponential spline difference scheme in space. The proposed scheme uses a cubic spline difference scheme for the discretization of robin‐boundary conditions. For the time discretization of the problem, we use the standard uniform mesh while a layer adapted equidistributed grid is generated for the spatial discretization. By equidistributing a curvature‐based monitor function, the spatial adaptive grid is able to capture the presence of parabolic boundary layers without using any prior information about the solution. Parameter uniform error estimates are derived to illustrate an optimal convergence of first‐order in time and second‐order in space for the proposed discretization. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is confirmed by the numerical experiments that underpin the theoretical analysis.
Scalable Microreactor Concept for the Continuous Kolbe Electrolysis of Carboxylic Acids Using Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Baumgarten Nils , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Magomajew Juri , Ziogas Athanassios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Kolbe electrolysis is a promising reaction to combine the usage of electrons as reagents and the application of renewable generated carboxylic acids as raw materials producing value added chemicals. Within this study, the electrolysis was conducted in a specially developed concept electrochemical microreactor and draws the particular attention to continuous operation and reuse of the aqueous electrolyte as well as of the dissolved unreacted feedstock. The electrolysis was conducted in alkaline aqueous solution using n‐octanoic acid as model substance. Platinized titanium as anode material in an undivided cell setup was shown to give Kolbe selectivity above 90 %. During the technically relevant conditions of current densities up to 0.6 A cm−2 and overall electrolysis times of up to 3 h, a high electrode stability was observed. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept continuous operation and the numbering up potential of the ECMR could be demonstrated.
TheCBDPost‐2020 biodiversity framework: People's place within the rest of nature
Authors: Friedman Kim , Bridgewater Peter , Agostini Vera , Agardy Tundi , Arico Salvatore , Biermann Frank , Brown Kate , Cresswell Ian D. , Ellis Erle C. , Failler Pierre , Kim Rakhyun E. , Pratt Christelle , Rice Jake , Rivera Vivienne Solis , Teneva Lida 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecognizing two decades of failure to achieve global goals and targets, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity are in the final phase of negotiating a Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework for the conservation, sustainable use and benefit sharing of biodiversity. The framework attempts to set out pathways, goals and targets for the next decade to achieve positive biodiversity change.This perspective intends to help that framework set people firmly as part of nature, not apart from it. Despite work done so far through four meetings, new thinking and focus is still needed on ‘what’ changes must be conceptualized and implemented, and ‘how’ those changes are to be delivered. To help achieve that new thinking, as a broad range of people, many with a focus on aquatic systems, we highlight six key foci that offer potential to strengthen delivery of the framework and break the ‘business as usual’ logjam.These foci are as follows: (i) a reframing of the narrative of ‘people's relationship with the rest of nature’ and emphasize the crucial role of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities in delivering positive biodiversity change; (ii) moving beyond a focus on species and places by prioritizing ecosystem function and resilience; (iii) supporting a diversity of top‐down and bottom‐up governance processes; (iv) embracing new technologies to make and measure progress; (v) linking business more effectively with biodiversity and (vi) leveraging the power of international agencies and programmes.Given they are linked to a greater or lesser degree, implementing these six foci together will lead to a much‐needed broadening of the framework, especially those of business and broader urban civil society, as well as those of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
A critical review on mechanical and morphological characteristics of injection molded biodegradable composites
Authors: Gorrepotu Surya Rao , Debnath Kishore , Mahapatra Rabindra Narayan , Srivatsan Tirumalai S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFactors like environmental and societal awareness often lead to a significant change of action in the development of eco‐friendly materials like the family of green composites. Green composites are becoming increasingly apparent as a sensible and potentially viable alternative to the synthetic composites. A healthy synergism of factors to include weight reduction, cost, performance improvement, biodegradable nature, nontoxic properties, and flexibility are often the key motives that provide the much needed impetus for the development of green composites for the purpose of selection and use in a spectrum of applications. The biodegradable or green composites became a viable substitute for the long‐established materials and often a challenge to the family of synthetic polymer‐based composites. The present study draws attention to the issues and challenges that come in the way of development and characterization of “green” composites primarily on the use of advanced manufacturing processes like injection molding. In this article, the chemical composition, structure, mechanical properties, and classification of the natural fibers are presented and briefly discussed. The mechanical properties, to include tensile response, flexural behavior, and impact strength, of the injection molded composites are presented and adequately discussed. The effect and role of surface treatments and coupling agents on mechanical properties of the family of polymer composites, to include the nonbiodegradable composites, partially green composites, and fully green composites, are examined and adequately discussed.
Monitoring practices of chronic lung allograft dysfunction in pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Avdimiretz Nicholas , Radtke Thomas , Benden Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) continues to negatively impact the survival of pediatric lung transplant (LTx) recipients. Current consensus guidelines are adult‐focused. We sought to examine CLAD detection and monitoring practices at pediatric LTx programs.MethodsWe conducted a survey among the International Pediatric Lung Transplant Collaborative. Questions consisted of practitioner's experience, LTx program demographics, and querying tests used for CLAD surveillance and detection. Investigations queried included: chest x‐ray (CXR), chest computed tomography (CT), lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ventilation/perfusion scanning, conventional pulmonary function testing (PFT), multiple breath washout (MBW), infant/preschool PFT, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsies (TBBx), or other tissue sampling techniques. Preferences for certain modalities over others were questioned based on a five‐point Likert scale.ResultsTwenty‐four of 25 programs responded. Chest CT and CXR are used generally for both CLAD surveillance and detection. No programs use lung MRI clinically, it may have some utility in the future. While all centers use conventional PFT, MBW, and infant/preschool PFT are used in one‐fifth and one‐third of centers, respectively. While the majority of programs use TBBx, only 41.7% would obtain a diagnosis based on tissue histopathology over noninvasive techniques if CLAD is suspected. Utilization of biomarkers is still limited.ConclusionsOur results indicate continued use of conventional PFT along with chest CT and less so CXR for CLAD detection and monitoring in the large majority of centers. Infant/preschool PFT and novel methods such as MBW are used in a few centers only. Respondents agreed there is a timely need for pediatric consensus guidelines on CLAD detection and monitoring.