bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEXMEDETOMIDINE PREVENTS PDIA3 DECREASE BY ACTIVATING α2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR TO ALLEVIATE INTESTINAL I/R IN MICE
Authors: Zhan YaQing , Chen ZhaoRong , Qiu YuXin , Deng Qiwen , Huang WenQi , Wen ShiHong , Shen JianTong 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) attenuates intestinal I/R injury, but its mechanism of action remains to be further elucidated. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) has been reported as a therapeutic protein for the prevention and treatment of intestinal I/R injury. This study was to investigate whether PDIA3 is involved in intestinal protection of DEX and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The potential involvement of PDIA3 in DEX attenuation of intestinal I/R injury was tested in PDIA3 Flox/Flox mice and PDIA3 conditional knockout (cKO) in intestinal epithelium mice subjected to 45 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Furthermore, the α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) antagonist, yohimbine, was administered in wild-type C57BL/6N mice intestinal I/R model to investigate the role of α2-AR in the intestinal protection conferred by DEX. Results: In the present study, we identified intestinal I/R-induced obvious inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent apoptosis, and oxidative stress, and all the aforementioned changes were improved by the administration of DEX. PDIA3 cKO in the intestinal epithelium have reversed the protective effects of DEX. Moreover, yohimbine also reversed the intestinal protection of DEX and downregulated the messenger RNA and protein levels of PDIA3. Conclusion: DEX prevents PDIA3 decrease by activating α2-AR to inhibit intestinal I/R-induced inflammation, ER stress-dependent apoptosis, and oxidative stress in mice.
Efficacy and Safety of Small Bowel Submucosal Tumors Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection or Endoscopic Full-thickness Resection During Single-balloon Enteroscopy: Prospective Data From a Single-center Study: [RETRACTED]
Authors: Wu Jinqing , Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Guizhou 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives:
Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is a safe and effective modality for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of small bowel disorders. However, the efficacy and safety of treating small bowel submucosal tumors (SMTs) with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) during SBE have not been determined. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the therapeutic yield of SBE in patients with SMTs.

Patients and Methods:
Twenty-one patients with SMTs were enrolled in this study. Regarding the sex distribution, there were 12 men (57.1%) and 9 women (42.9%). Regarding the age distribution, 42.9% of the patients were 60 years old or older and 57.1% of the patients were under 60 years old. The preoperative characteristics of SMTs were summarized and analyzed, the complete resection incidence of SMTs was determined, and the incidence of postoperative complications was collected. ESD-related and EFTR-related complications and the duration of follow-up after leaving hospital were also summarized and analyzed. The efficacy and safety of SMTs treated by ESD or EFTR during SBE were calculated as percentages.

Results:
Among the 21 patients, 10 (47.6%) underwent EFTR and 11 (52.4%) underwent ESD. The mean diameter of SMTs was 113.50 mm (range: 80 to 160 mm). Anterograde and retrograde SBE were conducted in 11 and 10 patients, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 49.3 days (range: 6.0 to 129 d). The complete resection rate of SMTs was 100%. The complete suture rate of SMTs wound was 100%. The SMTs pathology of all patients showed that the margin-negative (R0) resection was 100%. The incidence of physical discomfort complications (ie, infection/fever, abdominal pain, and abdominal distension) of ESD and EFTR was 5 (23.8%) on day 1, 1 (4.8%) on day 2, and 1 (4.8%) on day 3 after operation. Only 1 (4.8%) patient with EFTR had abdominal pain on the sixth day after leaving hospital, and the visual analog scale/score was 1 point, meaning the pain was easily tolerated by the patient. Twenty (95.2%) patients had no abdominal discomfort after leaving hospital. No patients needed additional surgery because of complications after ESD or EFTR during SBE.

Conclusions:
This preliminary study showed that SMTs can be safely and effectively treated by ESD or EFTR during SBE, particularly SMTs <160 mm in diameter.
Assessment and management of radiation-induced trismus in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Zhang Lanfang , Wang Li , Wu Yanni , Zhou Chunlan , Zhang Lu , He Ling , Zhang Chunmei , Liu Lian , He Lian , Chen Chunyu , Du Zhenzhen , Li Zhijun , Chen Peijuan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and aims:
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the most commonly used radiotherapy technology in oncology, which enables precise conformation of the radiation dose to the target volume and reduces the risk of radiation damage to the adjacent normal structures. Nevertheless, it is still inevitable for IMRT of head and neck cancer to cause radiation-related toxic and side effects, such as dry mouth, mucositis, oral dysarthria, taste disorder, osteonecrosis, and trismus. Trismus is one of the most common late side effects caused by radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which seriously affects the quality of life for patients with NPC. However, the current clinical assessment and management of trismus after radiotherapy for NPC are still imperfect. This best practice implementation project aimed to implement an evidence-based practice in assessing and managing trismus for NPC patients who underwent radiotherapy, thereby improving the compliance of clinical practice with the best evidence and the quality of life of patients with NPC.

Methods:
This evidence-based audit and feedback project was implemented using a three-phase approach at a third-class hospital in China, following JBI‘s Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) and GRiP evidence application. The first phase included a baseline audit with six evidence-based audit criteria derived from the best available evidence. The second phase included analyzing the results of the baseline audit, identifying barriers to compliance with best practice principles, and developing and implementing strategies to address the barriers identified in the baseline audit. The third phase involved a follow-up audit to assess the results of the interventions implemented to improve practice.

Results:
After evidence application, the compliance rate for audit criterion 1 increased from 0% at baseline audit to 70% at follow-up audit. The compliance rate for audit criterion 2 increased from 0% to 100%. The compliance rate for audit criterion 3 increased from 22 to 62%. The compliance rate for audit criterion 4 increased from 88 to 100%. The compliance rate for audit criterion 5 was 100% at baseline audit and follow-up audit. The compliance rate for audit criterion 6 increased from 0 to 55%.

Conclusion:
Implementation of the best evidence for the assessment and management of trismus of patients with NPC after radiotherapy is conducive to improving the compliance of clinical practice with the best evidence, standardizing clinical nursing practice, improving the quality of clinical nursing, and better preventing severe trismus in patients with NPC after radiotherapy.
How can science help to implement the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030?
Authors: Gnacadja Luc , Vidal Adriana 
Published: November 2022

The 2021 Chair and the IUCN Coordinator of the Science Task Force of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration share their reflections on how science can contribute to achieving the Decade's objectives.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.
Below-ground traits mediate tree survival in a tropical dry forest restoration
Authors: Werden Leland K. , Averill Colin , Crowther Thomas W. , Calderón-Morales Erick , Toro Laura , Alvarado J. Pedro , Gutiérrez L. Milena , Mallory Danielle E. , Powers Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2022

Reforestation is one of our most promising natural climate solutions, and one that addresses the looming biodiversity crisis. Tree planting can catalyse forest community reassembly in degraded landscapes where natural regeneration is slow, however, tree survival rates vary remarkably across projects. Building a trait-based framework for tree survival could streamline species selection in a way that generalizes across ecosystems, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the global restoration movement. We investigated how traits mediated seedling survival in a tropical dry forest restoration, and how traits were coordinated across plant structures. We examined growth and survival of 14 species for 2 years and measured six below-ground and 22 above-ground traits. Species-level survival ranged widely from 7.8% to 90.1%, and a model including growth rate, below-ground traits and their interaction explained more than 73% of this variation. A strong interaction between below-ground traits and growth rate indicated that selecting species with fast growth rates can promote establishment, but this effect was most apparent for species that invest in thick fine roots and deep root structures. Overall, results emphasize the prominent role of below-ground traits in determining early restoration outcomes, and highlight little above- and below-ground trait coordination, providing a path forward for tropical dry forest restoration efforts.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.
Restoration success in former Amazonian mines is driven by soil amendment and forest proximity
Authors: König Louis A. , Medina-Vega José A. , Longo Regina M. , Zuidema Pieter A. , Jakovac Catarina C. 
Published: November 2022

Mining contributes importantly to tropical deforestation and land degradation. To mitigate these effects, mining companies are increasingly obliged to restore abandoned mine lands, but factors driving restoration success are hardly evaluated. Here, we investigate the influence of ecological factors (restoration age, soil properties and surrounding forest area) and management factors (diversity and density of planted species, mine zone) on the recovery rate of forest structure and tree diversity on 40 post-mining restoration areas in Southern Amazonia, Brazil, using a 9-year annual monitoring dataset consisting of over 25 000 trees. We found that recovery of forest structure was closely associated with interactions between soil quality and the planted tree communities, and that tree diversity recovery was positively associated with the amount of surrounding forests. We also observed that forest structure and diversity recover more slowly in mine tailings compared to pit surroundings. Our study confirms the complexity of mine land restoration but also reveals that planting design and soil improvement can increase restoration success. For resource-efficient mine restoration, we recommend the focusing of efforts on tailings, which are hardest to restore, and reducing efforts in pit surroundings and areas close to surrounding forest because of their potential for restoration by natural regeneration.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.
The role of incentive mechanisms in promoting forest restoration
Authors: Tedesco Anazelia M. , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Hepburn Michelle L. Hak , Walji Khalil , Wilson Kerrie A. , Possingham Hugh P. , Dean Angela J. , Nugent Nick , Elias-Trostmann Katerina , Perez-Hammerle Katharina-Victoria , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2022

Forest restoration has been proposed as a scalable nature-based solution to achieve global environmental and socio-economic outcomes and is central to many policy initiatives, such as the Bonn Challenge. Restored forests contain appreciable biodiversity, improve habitat connectivity and sequester carbon. Incentive mechanisms (e.g. payments for ecosystem services and allocation of management rights) have been a focus of forest restoration efforts for decades. Yet, there is still little understanding of their role in promoting restoration success. We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate how incentive mechanisms are used to promote forest restoration, outcomes, and the biophysical and socio-economic factors that influence implementation and program success. We found that socio-economic factors, such as governance, monitoring systems and the experience and beliefs of participants, dominate whether or not an incentive mechanism is successful. We found that approximately half of the studies report both positive ecological and socio-economic outcomes. However, reported adverse outcomes were more commonly socio-economic than ecological. Our results reveal that achieving forest restoration at a sufficient scale to meet international commitments will require stronger assessment and management of socio-economic factors that enable or constrain the success of incentive mechanisms.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.
The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests
Authors: Banin Lindsay F. , Raine Elizabeth H. , Rowland Lucy M. , Chazdon Robin L. , Smith Stuart W. , Rahman Nur Estya Binte , Butler Adam , Philipson Christopher , Applegate Grahame G. , Axelsson E. Petter , Budiharta Sugeng , Chua Siew Chin , Cutler Mark E. J. , Elliott Stephen , Gemita Elva , Godoong Elia , Graham Laura L. B. , Hayward Robin M. , Hector Andy , Ilstedt Ulrik , Jensen Joel , Kasinathan Srinivasan , Kettle Christopher J. , Lussetti Daniel , Manohan Benjapan , Maycock Colin , Ngo Kang Min , O'Brien Michael J. , Osuri Anand M. , Reynolds Glen , Sauwai Yap , Scheu Stefan , Silalahi Mangarah , Slade Eleanor M. , Swinfield Tom , Wardle David A. , Wheeler Charlotte , Yeong Kok Loong , Burslem David F. R. P. 
Published: November 2022

Current policy is driving renewed impetus to restore forests to return ecological function, protect species, sequester carbon and secure livelihoods. Here we assess the contribution of tree planting to ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asia; we synthesize evidence on mortality and growth of planted trees at 176 sites and assess structural and biodiversity recovery of co-located actively restored and naturally regenerating forest plots. Mean mortality of planted trees was 18% 1 year after planting, increasing to 44% after 5 years. Mortality varied strongly by site and was typicallyca20% higher in open areas than degraded forest, with height at planting positively affecting survival. Size-standardized growth rates were negatively related to species-level wood density in degraded forest and plantations enrichment settings. Based on community-level data from 11 landscapes, active restoration resulted in faster accumulation of tree basal area and structural properties were closer to old-growth reference sites, relative to natural regeneration, but tree species richness did not differ. High variability in outcomes across sites indicates that planting for restoration is potentially rewarding but risky and context-dependent. Restoration projects must prepare for and manage commonly occurring challenges and align with efforts to protect and reconnect remaining forest areas.The abstract of this article is available in Bahasa Indonesia in the electronic supplementary material.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.
Conversion of osteoporotic-like vertebral fracture severity score to osteoporosis T-score equivalent status: a framework study for Chinese older men
Authors: Wáng Yì Xiáng J. , Leung Jason C.S. , Lam Patti M. S. , Kwok Timothy C.Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo define what portion of older community men with what severity of radiographic osteoporotic-like vertebral fracture (OLVF) correspond to what low T-score status.MethodsThere were 755 community Chinese men (age: 76.4 ±6.7 years, range: 65-98 years) with thoracic and lumbar spine radiograph, and hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density measures. For each vertebra in a subject, a score of 0, -0.5, -1, -1.5, -2, -2.5, and -3 was assigned for no OLVF or OLVF of <20%, ≥20∼25%, ≥25%∼1/3, ≥1/3∼40%, ≥40%–2/3, and ≥2/3 vertebral height loss, respectively. OLVFss was defined as the summed score of vertebrae T4 to L5. OLVFss and T-scores were ranked from the smallest to the largest valuesResultsOLVFss of -2, -2.5, -3, corresponded to a mean femoral neck T-score of -2.297 (range: -2.355∼-2.247), -2.494 (range: -2.637∼ -2.363), and -2.773 (range: -2.898∼-2.643), a mean hip T-score of-2.311 (range: -2.420∼-2.234), -2.572 (range: -2.708∼-2.432), -2.911 (range: -3.134∼-2.708), a mean lumbar spine T-score of -2.495 (range: -2.656∼-2.403), - 2.931 (range: -3.255∼-2.656), and -3.369 (range: 3.525∼-3.258). The Pearson correlation value of OLVFss and T-score of femoral neck, hip and lumbar spine was r =0.21, 0.26, and 0.22 (all p<0.0001).ConclusionA single severe grade OLVF (≥40% height loss) or OLVFss ≤-2.5 suggest osteoporosis suggest this subject is osteoporotic, or a single collapse grade (≥2/3 height loss) radiological OLVF or OLVF≤-3 meets osteoporosis diagnosis criterion. The results further highlight the difficulty of diagnosing osteoporotic vertebral fracture among Chinese older men.
INSIDER: Interpretable Sparse Matrix Decomposition for Bulk RNA Expression Data Analysis
Authors: Zhao Kai , Huang Sen , Lin Cuichan , Sham Pak Chung , So Hon-Cheong , Lin Zhixiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRNA-Seq is widely used to capture transcriptome dynamics across tissues from different biological entities even across biological conditions, with the aim of understanding the contribution of gene activities to phenotypes of biosamples. However, due to variation from tissues and biological entities (or other biological conditions), joint analysis of bulk RNA expression profiles across multiple tissues from a number of biological entities to achieve the aim is hindered. Moreover, it is crucial to consider interactions between biological variables. For example, different brain disorders may affect brain regions heterogeneously. Thus, modeling the disorder-region interaction can shed light on the heterogeneity. To address these key challenges, we propose a general and flexible statistical framework based on matrix factorization, named INSIDER (https://github.com/kai0511/insider).INSIDER decomposes variation from different biological variables into a shared low-rank latent space. In particular, it considers interactions between biological variables and introduces the elastic net penalty to induce sparsity, thus facilitating interpretation. In the framework, the biological variables and interaction terms can be defined based on the research questions and study design. Besides, it enables us to compute the ‘adjusted’ expression profiles for biological variables that control variation from other biological variables. Lastly, it allows various downstream analyses, such as clustering donors with donor representations, revealing development trajectory in its application to the BrainSpan data, and uncovering mechanisms underlying variables like phenotype and interactions between biological variables (e.g., phenotypes and tissues).
A machine-learning tool to identify bistable states from calcium imaging data
Authors: Varma Aalok , Udupa Sathvik , Sengupta Mohini , Ghosh Prasanta Kumar , Thirumalai Vatsala 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMapping neuronal activation using calcium imagingin vivoduring behavioral tasks has advanced our understanding of nervous system function. In almost all of these studies, calcium imaging is used to infer spike probabilities since action potentials activate voltage-gated calcium channels and increase intracellular calcium levels. However, neurons not only fire action potentials, but also convey information via intrinsic dynamics such as by generating bistable membrane potential states. While a number of tools for spike inference have been developed and are currently being used, no tool exists for converting calcium imaging signals to maps of cellular state in bistable neurons. Purkinje neurons (PNs) in the larval zebrafish cerebellum exhibit membrane potential bistability, firing either tonically or in bursts. Several studies have implicated the role of a population code in cerebellar function, with bistability adding an extra layer of complexity to this code. In this manuscript we develop a tool, CaMLSort which uses convolutional recurrent neural networks to classify calcium imaging traces as arising from either tonic or bursting cells. We validate this classifier using a number of different methods and find that it performs well on simulated event rasters as well as real biological data that it had not previously seen. Moreover, we find that CaMLsort generalizes to other bistable neurons, such as dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area of mice. Thus, this tool offers a new way of analyzing calcium imaging data from bistable neurons to understand how they participate in network computation and natural behaviors.Key Points SummaryCalcium imaging – the gold standard of inferring neuronal activity – does not report cellular state in neurons that are bistable, such as Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum of larval zebrafish. We model the relationship between Purkinje neuron electrical activity and its corresponding calcium signal to compile a dataset of state-labelled simulated calcium signals.We apply machine-learning methods to this dataset to develop a tool that can classify the state of a Purkinje neuron using only its calcium signal, which works well on real data even though it was trained only on simulated data.CaMLsort also generalizes well to bistable neurons in a different brain region (ventral tegmental area) in a different model organism (mouse).This tool offers a new way of analyzing calcium imaging data from populations of bistable neurons, thereby facilitating our understanding of how these neurons carry out their functions in a circuit.