bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dodo dilemmas: Conflicting ethical loyalties in conservation social science research
Authors: Fair Hannah , Schreer Viola , Keil Paul , Kiik Laur , Rust Niki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a time of deepening social and ecological crises, the question of research ethics is more pertinent than ever. Our intervention grapples with the specific personal, ethical, and methodological challenges that arise at the interface of conservation and social science. We expose these challenges through the figure of Chris, a fictional anonymised composite of our fraught diverse fieldwork experiences in Australia, Burma, Indonesian Borneo, Namibia, and Vanuatu. Fundamentally, we explore fieldwork as a series of contested loyalties: loyalties to our different human and non‐human research participants, to our commitments to academic rigour, and to the project of wildlife conservation itself, while reckoning with conservation's spotted (neo)colonial past. Our struggles and reflections illustrate, first, that practical research ethics do not predetermine forms of reciprocity. Second, while we need to choose our concealments carefully and follow the principle of not doing harm, we also have the responsibility to reveal social and environmental injustices. Third, we must acknowledge that as researchers we are complicit in the practices of human and non‐human violence and exclusion that suffuse conservation. Finally, given how these responsibilities move the researcher beyond a position of innocence or neutrality, academic institutions should adjust their ethics support. This intervention highlights the need for greater openness about research challenges emerging from conflicting personal, ethical, and disciplinary loyalties, in order to facilitate greater cross‐disciplinary understanding. Active engagement with these ethical questions through collaborative dialogue‐based fora, both before and after fieldwork, would enable learning and consequently transform research practices.
Replacement Adaptor 09106 for patients with a dynamic graciloplasty or patients with sacral neuromodulation and abdominal implantable pulse generators: a retrospective, single centre, Stage 2a/2b development IDEAL case series
Authors: Assmann Roman , Douven Perla , Joosten Elbert A. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Breukink Stephanie O. , Melenhorst Jarno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimDue to the introduction of a new implantable pulse generator (IPG), the Interstim II, patients with either a dynamic graciloplasty or an abdominally placed IPG for sacral neuromodulation could not undergo surgery to replace their IPG in the case of end of battery life. For these patients, the Medtronic Replacement Adaptor 09106 was created. This retrospective case series aims to study safety and feasibility of the Medtronic Replacement Adaptor 09106 in patients with abdominally placed IPGs.MethodsSeventeen patients (11 women, six men) received a replacement adaptor with a follow‐up of 6 months. Outcome measures consisted of a bowel habit diary. Adverse events were classified using the Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsOutcome measures in the bowel habit diaries after replacement (feasibility) did not differ significantly from outcome measures before replacement. Adverse events occurred in four out of 17 patients (24%): two patients initially showed pocket site pain (Clavien–Dindo Grade I), which resolved without intervention. One patient suffered from poor wound closure (Clavien–Dindo Grade II) and one patient had persisting pocket pain (Clavien–Dindo Grade IIIa) for which a pocket revision was performed. Statistical analyses were performed making paired comparisons using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.ConclusionThe Medtronic Replacement Adaptor 09106 is a valuable option for patients with dynamic graciloplasty or sacral neuromodulation and abdominal IPG and has complication rates similar to replacement of the Interstim without Replacement Adaptor 09106.
The psychotomimetic ketamine disrupts the transfer of late sensory information in the corticothalamic network
Authors: Qin Yi , Mahdavi Ali , Bertschy Marine , Anderson Paul M. , Kulikova Sofya , Pinault Didier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn prodromal and early schizophrenia, disorders of attention and perception are associated with structural and chemical brain abnormalities and with dysfunctional corticothalamic networks exhibiting disturbed brain rhythms. The underlying mechanisms are elusive. The non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine simulates the symptoms of prodromal and early schizophrenia, including disturbances in ongoing and task & sensory‐related broadband beta−/gamma‐frequency (17–29 Hz/30–80 Hz) oscillations in corticothalamic networks. In normal healthy subjects and rodents, complex integration processes, like sensory perception, induce transient, large‐scale synchronised beta/gamma oscillations in a time window of a few hundred ms (200–700 ms) after the presentation of the object of attention (e.g., sensory stimulation). Our goal was to use an electrophysiological multisite network approach to investigate, in lightly anesthetised rats, the effects of a single psychotomimetic dose (2.5 mg/kg, subcutaneous) of ketamine on sensory stimulus‐induced oscillations. Ketamine transiently increased the power of baseline beta/gamma oscillations and decreased sensory‐induced beta/gamma oscillations. In addition, it disrupted information transferability in both the somatosensory thalamus and the related cortex and decreased the sensory‐induced thalamocortical connectivity in the broadband gamma range. The present findings support the hypothesis that NMDA receptor antagonism disrupts the transfer of perceptual information in the somatosensory cortico‐thalamo‐cortical system.
A narrative review of the calcitonin peptide family and associated receptors as migraine targets: Calcitonin gene‐related peptide and beyond
Authors: Garelja Michael L. , Hay Debbie L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the pharmacology of the calcitonin peptide family of receptors and explore their relationship to migraine and current migraine therapies.BackgroundTherapeutics that dampen calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) signaling are now in clinical use to prevent or treat migraine. However, CGRP belongs to a broader peptide family, including the peptides amylin and adrenomedullin. Receptors for this family are complex, displaying overlapping pharmacologic profiles. Despite the focus on CGRP and the CGRP receptor in migraine research, recent evidence implicates related peptides and receptors in migraine.MethodsThis narrative review summarizes literature encompassing the current pharmacologic understanding of the calcitonin peptide family, and the evidence that links specific members of this family to migraine and migraine‐like behaviors.ResultsRecent work links amylin and adrenomedullin to migraine‐like behavior in rodent models and migraine‐like attacks in individuals with migraine. We collate novel information that suggests females may be more sensitive to amylin and CGRP in the context of migraine‐like behaviors. We report that drugs designed to antagonize the canonical CGRP receptor also antagonize a second CGRP‐responsive receptor and speculate as to whether this influences therapeutic efficacy. We also discuss the specificity of current drugs with regards to CGRP isoforms and how this may influence therapeutic profiles. Lastly, we emphasize that receptors related to, but distinct from, the canonical CGRP receptor may represent underappreciated and novel drug targets.ConclusionMultiple peptides within the calcitonin family have been linked to migraine. The current focus on CGRP and its canonical receptor may be obscuring pathways to further therapeutics. Drug discovery schemes that take a wider view of the receptor family may lead to the development of new anti‐migraine drugs with favorable clinical profiles. We also propose that understanding these related peptides and receptors may improve our interpretation regarding the mechanism of action of current drugs.
Post hoc analysis of clinical trial data and pharmacokinetic data to assess wearing‐off of erenumab within monthly treatment cycle
Authors: Dodick David W. , Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Halker Singh Rashmi B. , Williams Rachel , Zhang Feng , Chen Po‐Wei , Hsu Cheng‐Pang , Peng Cheng , Snellman Josefin , Chehrenama Mahan , Ailani Jessica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment wearing‐off has been reported for calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐pathway monoclonal antibodies, including erenumab, specifically in the last week of the monthly dosing cycle.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the consistency of erenumab effect throughout the monthly treatment cycle.MethodsIn this post hoc analysis of four pivotal double‐blind, randomized controlled studies of erenumab in episodic and chronic migraine, we assessed wearing‐off based on change in weekly migraine days at week 4 versus average over weeks 1–3 in each monthly dosing cycle. Analyses were conducted at each monthly dosing cycle in all patients, in responders (≥50% reduction in weekly migraine days), and in consistent responders (response in ≥2monthly cycles).ResultsThere was no evidence of wearing‐off in the full study populations of two global studies (N = 946 and N = 656) and two Japan studies (N = 475 and N = 261). In the full study population, mean change in weekly migraine days at week 4 compared with the average over week 1–3 ranged from 0.15 days improvement to 0.19 days worsening in the placebo group and 0.08 days improvement to 0.20 days worsening in the erenumab groups. A subgroup of responders experienced wearing‐off, but the extent of wearing‐off did not differ between erenumab and placebo groups. The mean change in weekly migraine days at week 4 compared with the average over weeks 1–3 ranged from 0.34 to 0.61 days worsening in the placebo group and 0.27 to 0.78 days worsening in the erenumab groups. Few patients had persistent wearing‐off in ≥2 consecutive monthly treatment cycles. For erenumab‐treated responders, serum erenumab concentrations were similar among patients experiencing wearing‐off and those maintaining response.ConclusionNo systematic wearing‐off with erenumab was identified. Further research is needed to determine if wearing‐off reported for some patients in clinical practice reflects a true treatment response pattern or normal fluctuations in migraine frequency.
A Legacy of EM Algorithms
Authors: Lange Kenneth , Zhou Hua 
Published: October 2022

SummaryNan Laird has an enormous and growing impact on computational statistics. Her paper with Dempster and Rubin on the expectation‐maximisation (EM) algorithm is the second most cited paper in statistics. Her papers and book on longitudinal modelling are nearly as impressive. In this brief survey, we revisit the derivation of some of her most useful algorithms from the perspective of the minorisation‐maximisation (MM) principle. The MM principle generalises the EM principle and frees it from the shackles of missing data and conditional expectations. Instead, the focus shifts to the construction of surrogate functions via standard mathematical inequalities. The MM principle can deliver a classical EM algorithm with less fuss or an entirely new algorithm with a faster rate of convergence. In any case, the MM principle enriches our understanding of the EM principle and suggests new algorithms of considerable potential in high‐dimensional settings where standard algorithms such as Newton's method and Fisher scoring falter.
Interspecific variations in fish occupancy and abundance are driven by niche characteristics in a monsoon climate river basin
Authors: Xia Zhijun , Heino Jani , Liu Fei , Yu Fandong , Xu Chunsen , Hou Miaomiao , Zou Xinhua , Wang Jianwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe interspecific relationships between species occupancy and abundance have been broadly studied in terrestrial systems; however, the causes underlying this relationship in freshwater fishes remain poorly addressed. The main aims of this study were (a) to examine the occupancy–abundance relationship in 62 fish species in a monsoon climate river; (b) to determine the relative importance of species niche, functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness in shaping the occupancy–abundance relationship.LocationThe Chishui River, the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau and the Szechwan Basin, China.TaxonFreshwater fishes.MethodsA linear model was used to test the relationship between distribution and mean abundance across fish species. The outlying mean index analysis was performed to estimate niche breadth and niche position parameters for each fish species. In addition, using principal coordinates analysis, we created four trait vectors describing the similarity of species' traits. Fish phylogeny was obtained from a global molecular phylogenetic tree of actinopterygian fishes. We used a combination of linear models, commonality analyses and boosted regression trees to evaluate the relative effects of the niche metrics, traits and phylogenetic relatedness on occupancy and abundance.ResultsFish occupancy was strongly (R2 = 0.749) and positively correlated with mean abundance in the Chishui River. Niche parameters, especially niche position, were the main determinants of variation in occupancy (e.g. total contribution of niche position and breadth using commonality analyses: 0.587 and 0.318) and abundance (0.323 and 0.151) across species. Furthermore, traits and phylogeny had little to no effect on fish occupancy (0.034 and 0.037) and abundance (0.021 and 0.003).Main conclusionsFreshwater fishes in the Chishui River fit the common macroecological pattern of positive relationship between occupancy and abundance. Niche parameters, but not traits and phylogeny, are the primary correlates of riverine fish distribution and abundance.
A systematic review of relationship sacrifices from 2002 to 2021: Moving toward inclusivity
Authors: Curran Melissa A. , Young Valerie J. , Kayabol Nazlı Büşra Akçabozan , Totenhagen Casey J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of research on relational sacrifices in romantic relationships from 2002 to 2021 [N = 115 studies] to answer three questions: Q1: Whose voices and vantage points are represented in the research?; Q2: What types of questions are valued?; Q3: What are the reflections and connections about relational sacrifices that were learned during the review? To address Q1, we coded sample demographics of study participants on geographical location, race/ethnicity, education/income/SES, gender (i.e., gender differences explored and beyond gender binaries), sexual orientation, age, and disability, using a coding system of 1 (exclusion/absence) to 5 (focus on context‐relevant experiences for underrepresented samples). Results for Q1 showed that the most frequent codes were 1 (exclusion/absence) for information about the samples' disability status, education/income/SES, and both codes for gender (i.e., gender differences explored and beyond gender binaries); when demographic information was reported, the most frequent codes were 2 (compensatory addition) for age, sexual orientation, geographical location, and race/ethnicity. To address Q2, we coded for aspects of the study designs and conceptual dimensions of sacrifice. Results for Q2 showed that a majority of the studies in our review used quantitative and close‐ended measures emphasizing behavioral frequency of sacrifice. For Q3, we include our own reflections and connections about relational sacrifices, questioning research methods, and challenging assumptions drawn from existing research to move toward a more inclusive science.
Deformation and Springback Behavior of Sheet Metal With Convex-Shaped Surfaces in Heat-Assisted Incremental Bending Process Based on Minimum Energy Method
Authors: Wei Bo , Zhang Feifei , He Kai , Li Zheng , Du Ruxu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional sheet metal forming is one of the biggest challenges in the shipbuilding industry. The forming quality of the traditionally applied line heating method depends entirely on the skills of the technicians. Moreover, this approach is inefficient and error-prone. This calls for a need to develop new forming technologies that are easy to control and more efficient. In this paper, a novel forming method called heat-assisted incremental bending is presented. The minimum energy loading path of bidirectional curvature sheet along the direction of Gaussian curvature is adapted to deform the sheet metals with a convex shape surface. Besides, the auxiliary heating method and the auxiliary supporting are exclusively included in the forming process to improve the formability and accuracy. In this study, the convex-shaped sheet metal with large curvature is obtained along the two loading trajectories in two principal curvature directions, respectively. Results proved that using the minimum energy loading trajectory and including the auxiliary supports and heating can reduce the forming force to the greatest extent and effectively reduce the number of stamping points, thus improving the sheet metal forming efficiency and forming accuracy.
Lockable Lower-Limb Exoskeleton Based on a Novel Variable-Stiffness Joint: Reducing Physical Fatigue at Squatting
Authors: Ma Zhuo , Liu Jianbin , Ma Guoyu , Gao Jingshuo , Chen Baojun , Zuo Siyang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Some special tasks require human operations and cannot be performed by robots or other autonomous equipment, such as special industrial assembly and surgical procedures in small and crowded spaces. Workers/surgeons in these cases tend to have physical fatigue. In this study, a novel variable-stiffness joint based on positive pressure was proposed, and a torque model was established. The locking torque variation, step response, and energy consumption were evaluated in comparison with a torque motor. A lockable lower-limb exoskeleton based on the variable-stiffness joint was developed, and wearable tests were conducted to evaluate a voice recognition interface and supporting performance. The locking torque of the variable-stiffness joint could be continuously varied from 0 Nm to 26 Nm with the air pressure ranging from 1.6 bar to 5.5 bar. The settling time was 0.328 s in the step response experiment. With a load of 6 Nm, the variable-stiffness joint can realize an energy consumption reduction of 75.01% compared with using a torque motor. Moreover, the lockable lower-limb exoskeleton can realize a 35–60% reduction in the average muscle activation in each subject (aged 22–57) to maintain squatting postures at three different knee angles (paired t-test, P &lt; 0.01). The proposed exoskeleton system has good mobility, low energy consumption, and easy-to-control features, showing great potential in supporting the weight of workers/surgeons during long-term operations.
Analysis and Design of a Novel Compact Three-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Robot
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Gosselin Clément 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel compact three-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel robot that will be used as a leg of a 9-DOF kinematically redundant parallel robot. First, the kinematic model of the robot is established based on geometric constraint conditions. Then, the inverse and forward kinematic problems are solved. The inverse problem is straightforward, while the forward problem can be solved analytically by three different approaches. Afterward, a singularity analysis is presented based on the Jacobian matrices derived from the kinematic model. The mathematical conditions for singularities are obtained and their geometric interpretation is given. Finally, the workspace of the robot is analyzed and is shown to correspond to a portion of a torus. The analysis reveals that the robot can have a singularity-free workspace of significant size relative to its footprint provided that some simple limitations are introduced at the design stage.
Correlated Pressure–Velocity Instability in a Transonic High-Pressure Turbine Blade
Authors: Dellacasagrande Matteo , Lengani Davide , Bertolini Ettore , Sanz Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present work describes the coupled pressure–velocity instability in the suction side boundary layer of a transonic high-pressure turbine blade. The application case is the VKI LS89 turbine blade MUR237. Modal decomposition techniques such as the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are applied to data obtained by large eddy simulations (LES) to inspect the existing correlation between pressure fluctuations induced by traveling pressure waves and the velocity disturbances growing into the boundary layer. To this end, POD and DMD were applied to both velocity and pressure fields from the leading edge up to the end of the blade surface. DMD was computed on a 2D slice oriented parallel to the blade surface inside the boundary layer. Data were ordered along the curvilinear abscissas, so that the most spatially amplified waves were obtained. Interestingly, unstable velocity modes were detected in the front blade suction side where pressure waves dominate. The unstable velocity modes computed upstream of the peak suction highlighted the occurrence of elongated streaky structures showing spanwise fluctuations which are typical of their instability. The comparison of pressure and velocity modes highlighted the occurrence of pressure-related fluctuations in the velocity field at the same time instants at which streak instability is observed. The analysis carried out in this work suggests that pressure waves can provoke localized instability of boundary layer streaks, which then break up further downstream causing transition.
Validation of Time Domain Seakeeping Computations Based on Capsizing Model Tests in Natural Seaways
Authors: Römhild Wiebke , Russell Philipp , Frühling Christian , Krüger Stefan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents further validation of the numerical computation method E4ROLLS, a nonlinear potential flow theory based seakeeping code, which is especially suitable for the early design stage due to its fast and efficient computation. The validation is achieved by comparison of simulation results with historical capsizing model test results of free-running self-propelled ship models in natural seaways. The results show that E4ROLLS is well-suited to assess the ships’ capsizing vulnerability, especially in following seas. Analysis of the historical tests’ video footage shows that the models’ capsizing in head seas was mainly induced by gusty wind. E4ROLLS is extended to include heeling moments caused by changing wind speeds and directions, so that wind-induced capsizing behavior can also be anticipated. The presented work highlights the benefits of model-scale seakeeping tests in natural seaways and shows that it is possible to assess the seakeeping of ships with fast and reliable methods in the early design stage.