bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on rail wear of small radius curve in EMU depot
Authors: Li Hao , Sun Jialin , Zhao Guotang 
Published: May 2022

PurposeWith the help of multi-body dynamics software UM, the paper uses Kik–Piotrowski model to simulate wheel-rail contact and Archard wear model for rail wear.Design/methodology/approachThe CRH5 vehicle-track coupling dynamics model is constructed for the wear study of rails of small radius curves, namely 200 and 350 m in Guangzhou East EMU Depot and those 250 and 300 m radius in Taiyuan South EMU Depot.FindingsResults show that the rail wear at the straight-circle point, the curve center point and the circle-straight point follows the order of center point > the circle-straight point > the straight-circle point. The wear on rail of small radius curves intensifies with the rise of running speed, and the wearing trend tends to fasten as the curve radius declines. The maximum rail wear of the inner rail can reach 2.29 mm, while that of the outer rail, 10.11 mm.Originality/valueWith the increase of the train passing number, the wear range tends to expand. The rail wear decreases with the increase of the curve radius. The dynamic response of vehicle increases with the increase of rail wear, among which the derailment coefficient is affected the most. When the number of passing vehicles reaches 1 million, the derailment coefficient exceeds the limit value, which poses a risk of derailment.
Experimental study of the wheel/rail impact caused by wheel flat within 400 km/h using full-scale roller rig
Authors: Chang Chongyi , Cai Yuanwu , Chen Bo , Li Qiuze , Lin Pengfei 
Published: May 2022

PurposeIn service, the periodic clashes of wheel flat against the rail result in large wheel/rail impact force and high-frequency vibration, leading to severe damage on the wheelset, rail and track structure. This study aims to analyze characteristics and dynamic impact law of wheel and rail caused by wheel flat of high-speed trains.Design/methodology/approachA full-scale high-speed wheel/rail interface test rig was used for the test of the dynamic impact of wheel/rail caused by wheel flat of high-speed train. With wheel flats of different lengths, widths and depths manually set around the rolling circle of the wheel tread, and wheel/rail dynamic impact tests to the flats in the speed range of 0–400 km/h on the rig were conducted.FindingsAs the speed goes up, the flat induced the maximum of the wheel/rail dynamic impact force increases rapidly before it reaches its limit at the speed of around 35 km/h. It then goes down gradually as the speed continues to grow. The impact of flat wheel on rail leads to 100–500 Hz middle-frequency vibration, and around 2,000 Hz and 6,000 Hz high-frequency vibration. In case of any wheel flat found during operation, the train speed shall be controlled according to the status of the flat and avoid the running speed of 20 km/h–80 km/h as much as possible.Originality/valueThe research can provide a new method to obtain the dynamic impact of wheel/rail caused by wheel flat by a full-scale high-speed wheel/rail interface test rig. The relations among the flat size, the running speed and the dynamic impact are hopefully of reference to the building of speed limits for HSR wheel flat of different degrees.
Service research: past, present and future research agenda
Authors: Arici Hasan Evrim , Köseoglu Mehmet Ali , Altinay Levent 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study aims to explore past and present service research and to provide a future research agenda for service researchers by presenting a big picture of the intellectual connections and emerging topics in the discipline.Design/methodology/approachThis study is an empirical analysis of citations and cocitations on a sample of 5,837 articles published in leading service journals (from 1981 to December 2020). Network analysis was adopted to analyze the data. This study is exclusive in conducting the inquiry at the individual publication level, rather than using the normal aggregated author co-citation analysis approach.FindingsThe findings reveal that the main themes of service research centered on customer satisfaction, service quality, service-dominant logic, methodological foundations, market orientation and service encounter. Also clarified is the periphery domain that may become more important in the future (i.e. technology). The findings also present anchor points for conceptual framing and conceptual development – five main themes that are momentous to navigate theory discovery and justification in the knowledge domain.Research limitations/implicationsIt calls for a more academic effort to evaluate the service research by considering different epistemological paradigms, such as positivism, monologic and hermeneutic, to better understand the process and progress of the discipline.Practical implicationsThrough exploring the transformation of service research into a customer-centric model and technology-based service logic, this study offers possible implications for practitioners and further research areas for service researchers.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to use a citation, cocitation and network analysis to examine service research published in leading service journals. This study provides a significant contribution to the theory by combining main conceptual areas and interests in the given discipline.
High nitrogen‐fixing rates associated with ground‐covering mosses in a tropical mountain cloud forest will decrease drastically in a future climate
Authors: Permin Aya , Horwath Aline B. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Priemé Anders , Rousk Kathrin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Tropical mountain cloud forests (TMCF) harbour a high bryophyte (mosses and liverworts) biomass and diversity. Furthermore, the high air humidity makes these forests well suited for bryophyte‐associated nitrogen (N2) fixation by cyanobacteria, providing a potentially important source of N input to the ecosystem. However, few studies have assessed bryophyte‐associated N input in these ecosystems, and these have focused on epiphytic bryophytes, whereas abundant ground‐covering bryophytes have not been included.

In this study, we quantified N2 fixation rates associated with bryophytes, focusing on ground‐covering mosses in a neotropical mountain cloud forest. Furthermore, we identified the effects of climate change (higher temperature 10 vs. 20° and lower bryophyte moisture level 50% vs. 100%) on N2 fixation across bryophyte species and groups (mosses and liverworts).

Nitrogen fixation rates associated with ground‐covering moss species were up to 2 kg N ha−1 year−1, which is comparable to other N inputs (e.g. N deposition) in tropical cloud forests. Furthermore, changes in temperature showed little effect on N2 fixation, but low moisture levels significantly suppressed N2 fixation activity. We found low N2 fixation activity associated with the investigated liverworts.

Our results demonstrate the importance of ground‐covering, moss‐associated N2 fixation as a N source in tropical cloud forests and suggest that predicted future declines in precipitation in these systems will reduce N inputs from bryophyte‐associated cyanobacteria.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
High‐resolution and robust microseismic grouped imaging and grouping strategy analysis
Authors: Huang Guangtan , Chen Xiaohong , Saad Omar M. , Chen Yunfeng , Savvaidis Alexandros , Fomel Sergey , Chen Yangkang 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTAs an advanced real‐time monitoring technique, microseismic source‐location imaging provides valuable information during hydraulic fracturing, for example, the development of fracture networks and the effective reservoir reconstruction volume. However, microseismic data always suffer from weak induced energy and susceptibility to noise interference. In the case of a low signal‐to‐noise ratio, it is extremely challenging to perform robust microseismic imaging. Here, we first introduce several state‐of‐the‐art imaging conditions and two hybrid imaging conditions, which are followed by a detailed analysis of the impact of different grouping strategies. Then, we briefly analyse the sensitivity of different imaging conditions to noise using a one‐dimensional signal. Next, several benchmark models, including two‐dimensional Marmousi‐II and three‐dimensional SEG Advanced Modeling, are used as numerical examples for testing the passive‐source imaging algorithms. Finally, three‐dimensional real microseismic data are used to further investigate the impact of the grouping strategy on the imaging. The numerical examples and field data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed grouping strategy for the grouped imaging conditions.
Are behaviour and stress‐related phenotypes in urban birds adaptive?
Authors: Caizergues Aude E. , Grégoire Arnaud , Choquet Rémi , Perret Samuel , Charmantier Anne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Urbanisation is a world‐wide phenomenon converting natural habitats into new artificial ones. Environmental conditions associated with urbanisation represent great challenges for wildlife. Behaviour and stress tolerance are considered of major importance in the adaptation to novel urban habitats and numerous studies already reported behavioural and stress response phenotypes associated with urbanisation, often suggesting they represented adaptations, while rarely demonstrating it.

The main goal of this study was to test the adaptive nature of urban shifts in behavioural and stress‐related traits, and by adaptive we mean phenotypic change favouring traits in the same direction as selection.

Using 7 years of monitoring of urban and forest great tits, we first tested for differences in exploratory behaviour, aggressiveness and breath rate, between both habitats. Second, we performed habitat‐specific analyses of selection on the three former traits using (a) reproductive success and (b) survival estimated via capture–mark–recapture models, as fitness estimates, to determine whether shifts in these behavioural and stress‐related traits were aligned with patterns of ongoing selection.

We found that urban birds displayed higher exploratory behaviour and aggressiveness, and higher breath rate, compared to forest birds. Selection analyses overall revealed that these shifts were not adaptive and could even be maladaptive. In particular, higher handling aggression and higher breath rate in urban birds was associated with lower fitness. Higher exploration scores were correlated with lower survival in both habitats, but higher reproductive success only in forest males. Overall, differences in patterns of selection between habitats were not consistent with the phenotypic divergence observed.

Taken together, these results highlight that phenotypic shifts observed in cities do not necessarily result from new selection pressures and could be maladaptive. We hypothesise that divergences in behavioural traits for urban birds could result from the filtering of individuals settling in cities. We thus encourage urban evolutionary scientists to further explore the adaptive potential of behavioural traits measured in urban habitats (a) by replicating this type of study in multiple cities and species, (b) by implementing studies focusing on immigrant phenotypes and (c) by measuring selection at multiple life stages.
Professional reasoning of occupational therapy driver rehabilitation interventions
Authors: Berndt Angela , Hutchinson Claire , Tepper Dillon , George Stacey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDriver‐trained occupational therapists are advanced practitioners who work with people to help maintain their independence and autonomy through driving. There is a lack of investigation of professional reasoning processes for why interventions are recommended by driver‐trained occupational therapists. This research project sought to explore the reasoning of driver‐trained occupational therapists when they plan, implement, and reflect on driver rehabilitation interventions.MethodsIn‐depth semistructured interviews (n = 7) and one focus group (n = 5) were conducted with 12 experienced driver‐trained occupational therapists, comprising a wide range of experience, client populations, and licensing jurisdictions. Data were analysed using a modified template analysis approach.ResultsSeven higher order modes that reflect professional reasoning theory and hierarchical models were evident in the work of the driver‐trained occupational therapists, with no new modes of reasoning emerging. Ethical reasoning regarding the balance of safety versus client independence was an overarching shared framework, with therapists mostly using interactive and conditional reasoning in practice. Twenty‐three second‐level themes were identified that exemplify how the reasoning modes operate in practice. Therapists described assessment activity even when solely asked about intervention, indicating the importance of assessment to intervention design. The full hierarchy of reasoning was evident during the rehabilitation phase.ConclusionThese findings elucidate the application of professional reasoning in advanced occupational therapy practices and could support driver‐trained occupational therapists in making driving rehabilitation recommendations if used in reflective practices.
Possible involvement of apoptosis in the antipsychotics side effects: A mini‐review
Authors: Osacka Jana , Kiss Alexander , Pirnik Zdenko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntipsychotics are used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Generally, they are divided into typical and atypical ones, according to the fact that atypical antipsychotics induce fewer side effects and are more effective in terms of social and cognitive improvements. Their pharmacological effects are mediated via broad range of receptors that consequently influence different cellular signalling pathways. Antipsychotics produce undesirable side effects that range from relatively minor to life threatening. In vitro and in vivo studies have pointed to neurotoxic effect exerted by some antipsychotics and have shown that apoptosis might play role in some side effects induced by antipsychotics, including tardive dyskinesia, weight gain, agranulocytosis, osteoporosis, myocarditis, etc. Although cumulative data have suggested safety of atypical antipsychotics use during pregnancy, some of them have been shown to induce apoptotic neurodegenerative and structural changes in fetal brains with long‐lasting impact on cognitive impairment of offspring. Typical antipsychotics seem to be more cytotoxic than atypical ones. Recently, epidemiological studies have shown lower incidence of cancer in schizophrenic patients that suggest the ability of antipsychotics to suppress risk of cancer development. Some antipsychotics have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce their apoptosis. Therefore, antipsychotics apoptotic effect may be used as a tool in the treatment of some types of cancer, especially in combinatorial therapies. In this mini‐review, we focused on pro‐ and antiapoptotic or ‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ effects of antipsychotics, which can be involved in their side effects, as well as their promising therapeutic indications.
Bacterial tRNA landscape revisited
Authors: Pust Marie‐Madlen , Timmis Kenneth N. , Tümmler Burkhard 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe updated Wobble Hypothesis reasonably explains why some 40 tRNA species are sufficient to decode the 61 amino acid codons of the Universal Genetic Code. However, we still have no clue why eubacteria lack tRNA isoacceptors with ANN anticodons, whereas eukaryotes universally lack eight GNN anticodons, only one of which is also absent in bacteria. Direct tRNA sequencing could resolve the patterns of nucleoside modification that had been driving the divergent evolution in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but this task will require the development of AI‐supported base‐callers that can recognize modified nucleosides without any subsequent analytical verification. Our knowledge of the bacterial tRNA landscape is moreover broadened by the recent discovery of antisense tRNAs and tRNA‐derived fragments that should be examined in their roles for gene expression, translation, bacterial physiology or metabolism.
RS1 gene is a novel prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cheng Guowei , Chen Ping , Peng Yue , Liu Lei , Li Runze , Qiu Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it has a poor prognosis, patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have a relatively higher 5‐year survival period. Thus, it is necessary to identify effective prognostic markers to evaluate the effect of early treatment. RS1 gene encodes retinoschisin, a key protein in congenital retinoschisis, while few studies have been reported on the association between RS1 and cancer prognosis.MethodsWe performed bioinformatic analyses based on the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases to demonstrate the expression level of RS1 was related to the LUAD prognosis and our findings were verified in‐vitro and clinical samples. Then, we explored the potential mechanism of how RS1 expression influenced the prognosis of LUAD.ResultsCompared with normal tissues, the RS1 expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues. The Multivariate Cox regression model showed that RS1 could be used as an independent prognostic indicator. Furthermore, we found significant differences in immune cell infiltration between RS1 high and low expression groups, and the proteasome pathway was found enriched in RS1 low expression samples.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study suggests that RS1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for LUAD. Differences in immune cell infiltration and signaling pathways may contribute to the poor prognosis of LUAD caused by low RS1 expression.
spOccupancy: An R package for single‐species, multi‐species, and integrated spatial occupancy models
Authors: Doser Jeffrey W. , Finley Andrew O. , Kéry Marc , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Occupancy modelling is a common approach to assess species distribution patterns, while explicitly accounting for false absences in detection–nondetection data. Numerous extensions of the basic single‐species occupancy model exist to model multiple species, spatial autocorrelation and to integrate multiple data types. However, development of specialized and computationally efficient software to incorporate such extensions, especially for large datasets, is scarce or absent.

We introduce the spOccupancy R package designed to fit single‐species and multi‐species spatially explicit occupancy models. We fit all models within a Bayesian framework using Pólya‐Gamma data augmentation, which results in fast and efficient inference. spOccupancy provides functionality for data integration of multiple single‐species detection–nondetection datasets via a joint likelihood framework. The package leverages Nearest Neighbour Gaussian Processes to account for spatial autocorrelation, which enables spatially explicit occupancy modelling for potentially massive datasets (e.g. 1,000s–100,000s of sites).

spOccupancy provides user‐friendly functions for data simulation, model fitting, model validation (by posterior predictive checks), model comparison (using information criteria and k‐fold cross‐validation) and out‐of‐sample prediction. We illustrate the package's functionality via a vignette, simulated data analysis and two bird case studies.

The spOccupancy package provides a user‐friendly platform to fit a variety of single and multi‐species occupancy models, making it straightforward to address detection biases and spatial autocorrelation in species distribution models even for large datasets.
An RGB‐D framework for capturing soft‐sediment microtopography
Authors: Azhar Mihailo , Hillman Jenny R. , Gee Trevor , Schenone Stefano , van der Mark Wannes , Thrush Simon F. , Delmas Patrice 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Capturing sediment topography is one component in understanding how large animals in soft sediment ecosystems affect ecosystem processing. Traditional approaches for sampling soft‐sediment systems are too invasive and destructive for the fragile sediment structures. In contrast, non‐invasive approaches, such as LIDAR and monocular structure‐from‐motion (SfM) systems, can be expensive and cumbersome for data processing.

We developed a low cost and practical framework for measuring morphological characteristics of soft sediment topography at the millimetre scale. Using an RGB‐D (red, green, blue and depth) device and a semi‐opaque container, the sediment surface can be imaged rapidly while operating in outdoor environments.

The RGB‐D device imaged 0.3 m2 intertidal sediment surfaces, creating depth imagery over seven sites and 82 surfaces. First, using simulated surface data, we formulated and tested four variations of a geometrical detrending model to extract and measure the undulating surface microtopography. We then computed nine morphological characteristics, including arithmetic mean roughness, mean sediment peaks and rugosity, for the detrending models. We then used the two best performing models, linear and quadratic detrending models, to compare extracted morphological characteristics from the field data. We found a strong correlation between the models for extracted surface measures and similar extracted sediment trends.

The results showed that RGB‐D real‐time imaging is a promising rapid scanning tool for collecting field data in intertidal regions and can be expanded to other fragile sediment surfaces outside the marine environment. The low costs and real‐time feedback makes it an attractive data collection tool for environments where data collection is challenging.
Psychometric properties of the healthy aging brain care monitor self‐report tool in patients discharged from the intensive care unit
Authors: Gardashkhani Sevda , Ajri‐Khameslou Mehdi , Heidarzadeh Mehdi , Rajaei sedigh SeyedMohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeIntensive care unit survivors experience new and ongoing physical, psychological, and cognitive complications known as postintensive care syndrome. The study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the healthy aging brain care monitor self‐report tool for assessing postintensive care syndrome in Iranian patients.MethodsThe study is a methodological study investigating the psychometric properties of the healthy aging brain care monitor self‐report tool in 153 patients discharged from the intensive care unit. The instrument's psychometric properties were examined to determine content validity, construct validity (factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity), concurrent validity, and internal consistency.FindingsThe factor structure of the healthy aging brain care monitor self‐report tool was examined in the form of two models: the three‐factor model with 27 items and the three‐factor model with 19 items. Regarding fit indices and results of the convergent, discriminant validities and the internal consistency the 19‐item model is better than the original 27‐item model.ConclusionsThe study showed that the appropriate model for the healthy aging brain care monitor self‐report tool in Iranian society is a tool with 19 items with the best conditions in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, and overall psychometric characteristics.Implications for nursing practiceThe present study led to the introduction of a valid instrument with a 19‐item factor structure to assess the postintensive care syndrome by nurses and other healthcare providers in hospitals, clinics, palliative care centers, and home care centers.