bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-gap insulating dimer ground state in monolayer IrTe2
Authors: Hwang Jinwoong , Kim Kyoo , Zhang Canxun , Zhu Tiancong , Herbig Charlotte , Kim Sooran , Kim Bongjae , Zhong Yong , Salah Mohamed , El-Desoky Mohamed M. , Hwang Choongyu , Shen Zhi-Xun , Crommie Michael F. , Mo Sung-Kwan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonolayers of two-dimensional van der Waals materials exhibit novel electronic phases distinct from their bulk due to the symmetry breaking and reduced screening in the absence of the interlayer coupling. In this work, we combine angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to demonstrate the emergence of a unique insulating 2 × 1 dimer ground state in monolayer 1T-IrTe2 that has a large band gap in contrast to the metallic bilayer-to-bulk forms of this material. First-principles calculations reveal that phonon and charge instabilities as well as local bond formation collectively enhance and stabilize a charge-ordered ground state. Our findings provide important insights into the subtle balance of interactions having similar energy scales that occurs in the absence of strong interlayer coupling, which offers new opportunities to engineer the properties of 2D monolayers.
Electrochemical corrosion of multiphase stainless steel-based alloy nuclear waste forms
Authors: Gattu Vineeth Kumar , Ebert William L. , Indacochea J. E. , Cruse Terry A. , Fortner Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical corrosion behaviors of two multiphase alloys representing waste forms made with 316 L stainless steel and different amounts of surrogate metallic fuel wastes were measured and related to the microstructures. Potentiodynamic (PD) scans were performed in an acid brine solution and the corroded surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare the electrochemical responses to the corrosion of specific phases. PD scans for the two multiphase alloys, 316 L stainless steel, and pure palladium were compared to understand the complex corrosion behavior of these multiphase alloys also recently classified as multi principle element alloys (MPEAs) and to determine the effects of alloying elements and noble metals present in constituent phases on the corrosion behavior.
Finite key effects in satellite quantum key distribution
Authors: Sidhu Jasminder S. , Brougham Thomas , McArthur Duncan , Pousa Roberto G. , Oi Daniel K. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlobal quantum communications will enable long-distance secure data transfer, networked distributed quantum information processing, and other entanglement-enabled technologies. Satellite quantum communication overcomes optical fibre range limitations, with the first realisations of satellite quantum key distribution (SatQKD) being rapidly developed. However, limited transmission times between satellite and ground station severely constrains the amount of secret key due to finite-block size effects. Here, we analyse these effects and the implications for system design and operation, utilising published results from the Micius satellite to construct an empirically-derived channel and system model for a trusted-node downlink employing efficient Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) weak coherent pulse decoy states with optimised parameters. We quantify practical SatQKD performance limits and examine the effects of link efficiency, background light, source quality, and overpass geometries to estimate long-term key generation capacity. Our results may guide design and analysis of future missions, and establish performance benchmarks for both sources and detectors.
Semiquantitative microscopic pore characterizations of the metamorphic rock reservoir in the central paleo-uplift belt, Songliao Basin
Authors: Zeng Zhouqiang , Shan Xuanlong , Hao Guoli , He Wentong , Zheng Changqing , Yi Jian , Guo Jiannan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrently, metamorphic rock is a common target for natural gas exploration, and reservoirs are the key factors restricting natural gas exploration and development in metamorphic rocks. The deep metamorphic rock gas reservoir in the central paleo-uplift of the northern Songliao Basin has good exploration and development potential. In this study, we use a combination of qualitative descriptions and quantitative analysis to comprehensively analyze the pore characteristics of the reservoir and explore the factors controlling the pore characteristics of the metamorphic rock reservoir in the central paleo-uplift belt of the Songliao Basin. The metamorphic rock reservoir in the central paleo-uplift belt contains three types of lithologies: chlorite schist, mica schist and mylonite, each with different protoliths and metamorphic histories. The results of high-pressure mercury intrusion and nitrogen adsorption indicate that the pore size distributions of the schist and mylonite differ. Compared with the mylonite, the schist has larger reservoir space, more heterogeneity, smaller pore size, larger specific surface area and larger adsorbed gas storage capacity. This paper also studies the formation process of the reservoir and divides it into four stages. Finally, this article discusses in detail the factors controlling the microscopic pore characteristics of metamorphic rock reservoirs in the central paleo-uplift belt; the metamorphic rock protolith is the most important controlling factor.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the role of propolis and bee venom on the oxidative stress induced by gamma rays in rats
Authors: El Adham Eithar K. , Hassan Amal I. , A. Dawoud M. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHoneybee products consist of many substances, which have long been known for their medicinal and health-promoting properties. This study set out to appraise the protective potential of Egyptian propolis (EP) and bee venom (BV) separately or combined against total body irradiation (TBI) induced oxidative injury in rats. Besides, we assessed the bioactive components in EP and BV using HPLC and UPLC/ ESI–MS analysis in the positive ion mode. The animals were subjected to a source of gamma ionizing radiation at a dose of 6 Gy. Propolis and BV were administered independently and in combination before 14 days of γ-irradiation. Liver and kidney functions were estimated besides, DNA damage index (8- OHdG) by ELISA. Antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were detected. Gene expression technique investigated for BAX, BCL2, and in plasma also miR125b expression in serum of rats. Besides, the histopathological for the brain, liver, kidney, and heart were investigated. In addition, lipid peroxidation was investigated in plasma and in the previous organs. The present results provide opportunities to advance the use of bee products as promising medicinal sources.
A multimodal deep learning system to distinguish late stages of AMD and to compare expert vs. AI ocular biomarkers
Authors: Thakoor Kaveri A. , Yao Jiaang , Bordbar Darius , Moussa Omar , Lin Weijie , Sajda Paul , Chen Royce W. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithin the next 1.5 decades, 1 in 7 U.S. adults is anticipated to suffer from age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a degenerative retinal disease which leads to blindness if untreated. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has become a prime technique for AMD diagnosis, specifically for late-stage neovascular (NV) AMD. Such technologies generate massive amounts of data, challenging to parse by experts alone, transforming artificial intelligence into a valuable partner. We describe a deep learning (DL) approach which achieves multi-class detection of non-AMD vs. non-neovascular (NNV) AMD vs. NV AMD from a combination of OCTA, OCT structure, 2D b-scan flow images, and high definition (HD) 5-line b-scan cubes; DL also detects ocular biomarkers indicative of AMD risk. Multimodal data were used as input to 2D-3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Both for CNNs and experts, choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy were found to be important biomarkers for AMD. CNNs predict biomarkers with accuracy up to 90.2% (positive-predictive-value up to 75.8%). Just as experts rely on multimodal data to diagnose AMD, CNNs also performed best when trained on multiple inputs combined. Detection of AMD and its biomarkers from OCTA data via CNNs has tremendous potential to expedite screening of early and late-stage AMD patients.
Application of 233 nm far-UVC LEDs for eradication of MRSA and MSSA and risk assessment on skin models
Authors: Zwicker Paula , Schleusener Johannes , Lohan Silke B. , Busch Loris , Sicher Claudia , Einfeldt Sven , Kneissl Michael , Kühl Anja A. , Keck Cornelia M. , Witzel Christian , Kramer Axel , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA newly developed UVC LED source with an emission wavelength of 233 nm was proved on bactericidal efficacy and skin tolerability. The bactericidal efficacy was qualitatively analysed using blood agar test. Subsequently, quantitative analyses were performed on germ carrier tests using the MRSA strain DSM11822, the MSSA strain DSM799,S. epidermidisDSM1798 with various soil loads. Additionally, the compatibility of the germicidal radiation doses on excised human skin and reconstructed human epidermis was proved. Cell viability, DNA damage and production of radicals were assessed in comparison to typical UVC radiation from discharge lamps (222 nm, 254 nm) and UVB (280–380 nm) radiation for clinical assessment. At a dose of 40 mJ/cm2, the 233 nm light source reduced the viable microorganisms by a log10reduction (LR) of 5 log10levels if no soil load was present. Mucin and protein containing soil loads diminished the effect to an LR of 1.5–3.3. A salt solution representing artificial sweat (pH 8.4) had only minor effects on the reduction. The viability of the skin models was not reduced and the DNA damage was far below the damage evoked by 0.1 UVB minimal erythema dose, which can be regarded as safe. Furthermore, the induced damage vanished after 24 h. Irradiation on four consecutive days also did not evoke DNA damage. The radical formation was far lower than 20 min outdoor visible light would cause, which is classified as low radical load and can be compensated by the antioxidant defence system.
Microsecond molecular dynamics of methane–carbon dioxide swapping in pure and saline water environment
Authors: Palodkar Avinash V. , Dongre Harshal J. , Thakre Niraj , Jana Amiya K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work aims at proposing the nondestructive methane-carbon dioxide (CH4–CO2) replacement mechanism as an ecofriendly energy production technique from the natural gas hydrate reserves in seafloor and permanently frozen grounds. Although the experimental data is widely available in literature, this replacement mechanism has not been elucidated at molecular level. In this contribution, we perform the microsecond level molecular dynamic simulations to evaluate two different CH4–CO2 replacement mechanisms: (i) direct CH4 displacement from hydrate structure, and (ii) dissociation of existing methane hydrate followed by a reformation of mixed CH4–CO2 hydrates. For this, we analyze CH4–CO2 replacement in three different modes i.e., CO2 as a replacing agent in (i) absence of free water molecules, (ii) presence of free water molecules, and (iii) presence of salt ions and free water molecules. Despite slow kinetics in the first mode, pure CO2 is observed to replace the methane more efficiently, while in the second mode, CO2 forms a new mixed hydrate layer on the existing seed crystal. However, in the third mode, salt ions help in destabilizing the methane hydrate and allow CO2 to form the hydrates. This proves that salt ions are favorable for CH4–CO2 replacement.
Conditioned up and down modulations of short latency gamma band oscillations in visual cortex during fear learning in humans
Authors: Santos-Mayo Alejandro , de Echegaray Javier , Moratti Stephan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the course of evolution, the human brain has been shaped to prioritize cues that signal potential danger. Thereby, the brain does not only favor species-specific prepared stimulus sets such as snakes or spiders but can learn associations between new cues and aversive outcomes. One important mechanism to achieve this is associated with learning induced plasticity changes in sensory cortex that optimizes the representation of motivationally relevant sensory stimuli. Animal studies have shown that the modulation of gamma band oscillations predicts plasticity changes in sensory cortices by shifting neurons’ responses to fear relevant features as acquired by Pavlovian fear conditioning. Here, we report conditioned gamma band modulations in humans during fear conditioning of orthogonally oriented sine gratings representing fear relevant and irrelevant conditioned cues. Thereby, pairing of a sine grating with an aversive loud noise not only increased short latency (during the first 180 ms) evoked visual gamma band responses, but was also accompanied by strong gamma power reductions for the fear irrelevant control grating. The current findings will be discussed in the light of recent neurobiological models of plasticity changes in sensory cortices and classic learning models such as the Rescorla–Wagner framework.
A suspended polymeric microfluidic sensor for liquid flow rate measurement in microchannels
Authors: Mohammadamini Fatemeh , Rahbar Shahrouzi Javad , Samadi Mitra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, a microfluidic cantilever flow sensor was designed and manufactured to monitor liquid flow rate within the range of 100–1000 µl/min. System simulation was also performed to determine the influential optimal parameters and compare the results with experimental data. A flowmeter was constructed as a curved cantilever with dimensions of 6.9 × 0.5 × 0.6 mm3and a microchannel carved with a CO2laser inside the cantilever beam. The fabrication substance was Polydimethylsiloxane. Different flow rates were injected using a syringe pump to test the performance of the flowmeter. Vertical displacement of the cantilever was measured in each flowrate using a digital microscope. According to the results, the full-scale overall device accuracy was up to ± 1.39%, and the response time of the sensor was measured to be 6.3 s. The microchip sensitivity was 0.126 µm/(µl/min) in the range of measured flow rates. The sensor could also be utilized multiple times with an acceptable error value. The experimental data obtained by the constructed microchip had a linear trend (R2 = 0.995) and were of good consistency with simulation results. Furthermore, according to the experimental and the simulation data, the initially curved cantilever structure had a higher bending and sensitivity level than a perfectly straight cantilever construction.
Precise control of embolic stroke with magnetized red blood cells in mice
Authors: Jin Yuxiao , Shi Peijun , Wang Yu , Li Jinghang , Zhang Jiachen , Zhao Xinxin , Ge Yaping , Huang Yanjie , Guo Mengzhun , Wang Feidi , Ci Bo , Xiao Xian , Gao Xiaofei , Xu Jianrong , Dang Bobo , Ji Botao , Ge Woo-ping , Jia Jie-Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrecise embolism control in immature brains can facilitate mechanistic studies of brain damage and repair after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS), but it remains a technical challenge. Microhemorrhagic transformation is observed in one-third of infant patients who have suffered PAIS, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Building on an established approach that uses magnetic nanoparticles to induce PAIS, we develop a more advanced approach that utilizes magnetized erythrocytes to precisely manipulate de novo and in situ embolus formation and reperfusion in perinatal rodent brains. This approach grants spatiotemporal control of embolic stroke without any transarterial delivery of pre-formed emboli. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that erythrocytes rather than nanoparticles are the main material obstructing the vessels. Both approaches can induce microbleeds as an age-dependent complication; this complication can be prevented by microglia and macrophage depletion. Thus, this study provides an animal model mimicking perinatal embolic stroke and implies a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of perinatal stroke.
Discovery of thirteen cobalt(ii) and copper(ii) salicylaldehyde Schiff base complexes that induce apoptosis and autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells and that can overcome cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Ya-Ting , Zhang Shao-Nan , Wang Zhen-Feng , Wei Qing-Min , Zhang Shu-Hua 
Published: February 2022

Compared with 1–9, 10–13 displayed stronger cytotoxic activities against the tested A549/DDP cells. 11 and 13 could induce apoptosis and autophagy in A549/DDP cells and exhibited pronounced and selective activity against A549/DDP xenografts in vivo.
Emulating the short-term plasticity of a biological synapse with a ruthenium complex-based organic mixed ionic–electronic conductor
Authors: Shin Samuel , Kang Dae Cheol , Kim Keonhee , Jeong Yeonjoo , Kim Jaewook , Lee Suyoun , Kwak Joon Young , Park Jongkil , Hwang Gyu Weon , Lee Kyeong-Seok , Park Jong Keuk , Li Jian , Kim Inho 
Published: February 2022

This study provides an organic mixed ionic–electronic conductor (OMIEC) memristor based on Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 as an organic active layer to mimic the STP of a biological synapse.
Organisation and community intelligence in smart city leadership and beyond
Authors: Gurick Mitchell , Felger Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe relationship between smart cities and communities is anchored on the way organisations leverage technology to impact the quality of living in a city, state, or country. The emergence of smart cities has been welcomed as one of the significant breakthroughs in improving the public sector. In particular, generation of revenue, utilisation of technology, and formulation of policies are used to deal with challenges related to smart city infrastructure. Leadership is one area that has faced strategic challenges with the development of smart cities. This study aims to showcase connectivism between smart cities and communities, challenges associated with smart cities, requirements for modern leadership, and opportunities related to smart cities to improve the community.
Adjuvante Instillationstherapie des nicht muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms – neue Optionen abseits von BCG und Mitomycin
Authors: Gakis Georgios 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der eingeschränkten Wirksamkeit der passiven Applikationsweise von BCG und
Mitomycin-C (MMC) und in den letzten Jahren bestehenden BCG-Lieferengpässen ist eine
Verbesserung der onkologischen Ergebnisse der adjuvanten Instillationstherapie beim
nicht muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinom (NMIBC) durch Entwicklung neuartiger
Instillationsubstanzen und Applikationsweisen erforderlich.Gemcitabin ist als generisch verfügbare Substanz in zahlreichen randomisierten Studien in
den verschiedenen Risikokonstellationen untersucht worden und zeigt insbesondere im
BCG-unresponsiven Stadium ein verbessertes rezidivfreies Überleben im Vergleich zur
BCG-Rechallenge und MMC. Eine neuartige Instillationsform stellt das
Gemcitabin-intravesical-releasing system (GemRIS) dar, welches in der Kombination mit dem
systemisch wirksamen Checkpointinhibitor Cetrelimab in derzeit anlaufenden klinischen Studien
getestet wird. Hyperthermes intravesikales MMC (HIVEC), welches extrakorporal erwärmt und in
die Blase zirkuliert, führt zu einer Konzentrationssteigerung von MMC in der Blasenwand und
wird im Rahmen klinischer Studie bereits getestet. Nadofaragene firadenovec (rAd-IFN-α/Syn3)
ist ein rekombinantes Adenovirus zur Steigerung der Interferon-alpha-Konzentration im Urothel
und bietet erstmalig die Möglichkeit eine intravesikale Gentherapie für die urologischen
Praxis zu etablieren. Daten aus einer aktuellen Phase-III Studie legen im BCG-unresponsiven
Stadium eine höhere Wirksamkeit bei günstigerem Nebenwirkungsprofil im Vergleich zu Studien
mit einer PD-(L)1-Monotherapie nahe. Opportuzumab monatox ist ein rekombinantes
Fusionsprotein, welche nach EpCAM-Binding zu einer Freisetzung von Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Exotoxin führt, welches hiernach einen zytotoxischen Zellschaden einleitet. N-803 ist ein
Interleukin (IL)-15 Superagonist, welcher im Kombination mit BCG in einer Phase Ib Studie ein
dauerhaftes komplettes Ansprechen über 72 Monate bei 9 intermediate/high-risk Patienten
zeigte und bereits 2019 eine Vorabzulassung durch die FDA erhalten hat.
Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Kinderrheumatologie
Authors: Windschall Daniel , Malattia Clara , Krumrey-Langkammerer Manuela , Trauzeddel Ralf 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der Ultraschallbefundung in der Kinderrheumatologie und geht insbesondere auf den praktischen Einsatz und die technischen Aspekte der Gelenksonografie ein. Dabei werden auch die wissenschaftlichen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre zusammengefasst und berücksichtigt. Neben der Gelenksonografie wird die Ultraschalltechnik in der Kinderrheumatologie zunehmend auch auf weitere Körperregionen und -organe ausgeweitet, die für die kinderrheumatologische Diagnostik relevant sind.
Neurosurgery in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Almeida Bruna Veronese de , Silva Ledismar José da 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlcohol abuse has impacts on public health worldwide. Conservative treatment to achieve abstinence consists of detoxification combined with psychotherapy and the use of drugs, but it is estimated that only half of the individuals achieve long-term abstinence with the available treatments. In this sense, neurosurgery appears as a therapeutic proposal. The present study aimed to gather information about the circuitry related to alcohol use disorder (AUD), to describe possible surgical targets, and to establish whether a surgical approach could be a safe and effective treatment option. A systematic review of the literature was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The 14 selected articles analyze ablative operations, deep brain stimulation (DBS), and a new procedure in which the patient is first submitted to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to evaluate their response, and later an implant is surgically positioned on the evaluated target to obtain more lasting results. The most relevant outcomes were found when the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) were used as targets, demonstrating a large reduction in alcohol intake and even its cessation. However, important side effects were observed, such as psychotic symptoms, right frontal venous infarction, seizures after implantation in the ACC and a hypomanic period after DBS in the NAcc, which could be reversed. Due to the lack of studies involving the surgical treatment of AUD, more clinical trials are needed to compare targets, to assess surgical techniques, and to estimate the safety of these techniques.