bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity Intensity Cut‐Points for Hip‐, Wrist‐, Thigh‐, and Lower Back Worn Accelerometer in Very Old Adults
Authors: Skjødt Mathias , Brønd Jan Christian , Tully Mark A. , Tsai Li‐Tang , Koster Annemarie , Visser Marjolein , Caserotti Paolo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPhysical activity (PA) reduces the risk of negative mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. Traditionally, PA intensity is classified using METs, with 1 MET equal to 3.5 mL O2·min−1·kg−1. However, this may underestimate moderate and vigorous intensity due to age‐related changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and VO2max. VO2reserve accounts for these changes. While receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis is commonly used to develop PA, intensity cut‐points, machine learning (ML) offers a potential alternative. This study aimed to develop ROC cut‐points and ML models to classify PA intensity in older adults. Sixty‐seven older adults performed activities of daily living (ADL) and two six‐minute walking tests (6‐MWT) while wearing six accelerometers on their hips, wrists, thigh, and lower back. Oxygen uptake was measured. ROC and ML models were developed for ENMO and Actigraph counts (AGVMC) using VO2reserve as the criterion in two‐third of the sample and validated in the remaining third. ROC‐developed cut‐points showed good‐excellent AUC (0.84–0.93) for the hips, lower back, and thigh, but wrist cut‐points failed to distinguish between moderate and vigorous intensity. The accuracy of ML models was high and consistent across all six anatomical sites (0.83–0.89). Validation of the ML models showed better results compared to ROC cut‐points, with the thigh showing the highest accuracy. This study provides ML models that optimize the classification of PA intensity in very old adults for six anatomical placements hips (left/right), wrist (dominant/non‐dominant), thigh and lower back increasing comparability between studies using different wear‐position.Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04821713
Chinese Characteristics of ESG Under Market Competition and Globalisation
Authors: Wu Ruohan , Jiang Zheng , Shi Huimin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe empirically examine how market competitiveness, which is subject to the influences of globalisation, affects Chinese firms' ESG (environmental, social and governance) performance. We acquire detailed information on A‐share listed Chinese firms between 2011 and 2020 and use foreign tariff shocks as instrumental variables of market competitiveness to control for endogeneity. We find that a higher market concentration (i.e., a lower level of market competition) significantly improves firms' ESG ratings. This finding remains robust under various instrumental variables of globalisation influences, various measurements of market competitiveness, various measurements of ESG and various empirical methods. Our mechanism analysis further reveals that market concentration takes positive effects primarily on state‐owned firms' ESG, especially their corporate governance. We attribute this finding to the Chinese characteristics of economy, where government power‐ and state‐owned firms play crucial roles. By studying determinants of Chinese firms' ESG performance by their ownership structures, we fill an important literature gap and provide a better understanding of the Chinese economy.JEL Classification: L22, F18, F43, Q56
Carnot rectifiability and Alberti representations
Authors: Antonelli G. , Le Donne E. , Merlo A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA metric measure space is said to be Carnot‐rectifiable if it can be covered up to a null set by countably many bi‐Lipschitz images of compact sets of a fixed Carnot group. In this paper, we give several characterisations of such notion of rectifiability both in terms of Alberti representations of the measure and in terms of differentiability of Lipschitz maps with values in Carnot groups. In order to obtain this characterisation, we develop and study the analogue of the notion of Lipschitz differentiability space by Cheeger, using Carnot groups and Pansu derivatives as models. We call such metric measure spaces Pansu differentiability spaces.
Conformal invariance of double random currents I: Identification of the limit
Authors: Duminil‐Copin Hugo , Lis Marcin , Qian Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis is the first of two papers devoted to the proof of conformal invariance of the critical double random current model on the square lattice. More precisely, we show the convergence of loop ensembles obtained by taking the cluster boundaries in the sum of two independent currents with free and wired boundary conditions. The strategy is first to prove convergence of the associated height function to the continuum Gaussian free field, and then to characterise the scaling limit of the loop ensembles as certain local sets of this Gaussian free field. In this paper, we identify uniquely the possible subsequential limits of the loop ensembles. Combined with Duminil‐Copin et al., this completes the proof of conformal invariance.
Enhanced myocardial perfusion in late gestation fetal lambs with impaired left ventricular inflow
Authors: Hagen Matthew W. , Louey Samantha , Alaniz Sarah M. , McClellan Eric B. , Lindner Jonathan R. , Giraud George D. , Jonker Sonnet S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRobust preclinical models of asymmetric ventricular loading in late gestation reflecting conditions such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome are lacking. We characterized the morphometry and microvascular function of the hypoplastic left ventricle (LV) and remaining right ventricle (RV) in a sham‐controlled late gestation fetal lamb model of impaired left ventricular inflow (ILVI). Singleton fetuses were instrumented at ∼120 days gestational age (dGA; term is ∼147 days) with vascular catheters, an aortic flow probe and a deflated left atrial balloon. Balloons in ILVI fetuses were inflated over the 8 day study until aortic output was eliminated; Sham balloons remained deflated. At the study end‐point (∼134 dGA), cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, microvascular perfusion of each free wall was measured by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and terminal morphometric data were collected. During the chronic study, flow through the ascending aorta of ILVI fetuses fell from 389 to −48 mL min−1 with minimal changes to other haemodynamics or blood chemistry. End‐point echocardiography and morphometry similarly showed significant and meaningful reductions in ILVI LV chamber volume and wall mass without statistically significant changes in RV size relative to Shams. MCE revealed modestly increased LV perfusion and profoundly increased RV perfusion in ILVI fetuses. Our model displays effective LV hypoplasia with preserved overall fetal health, and our finding of increased RV myocardial perfusion may indicate active vascular remodelling in response to the experimental lesion.
imageKey points
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome can be caused by insufficient inflow of blood to the fetal left ventricle.
We found that eliminating fetal left ventricular input for 8 days reduced left ventricular size and volume, with minimal effects on the right ventricle or overall fetal health.
Blood and oxygen delivery increased significantly in the right ventricle and slightly in the hypoplastic left ventricle. Our results suggest functional and anatomical adaptation of the fetal coronary microvasculature to univentricular right heart conditions.
Incongruent virtual reality cycling exercise demonstrates a role of perceived effort in cardiovascular control
Authors: Bruce Richard M. , Rafferty Gerrard F. , Finnegan Sarah L. , Sergeant Martin , Pattinson Kyle T.S. , Runswick Oliver R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study we have used a highly immersive virtual reality (VR) cycling environment where incongruence between virtual hill gradient (created by visual gradient and bike tilt angle) and actual workload (pedalling resistance) can experimentally manipulate perception of exercise effort. This therefore may provide a method to examine the role of effort perception in cardiorespiratory control during exercise. Twelve healthy untrained participants (7 men, age 26 ± 5 years) were studied during five visits. On visit 1 participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and during subsequent visits (2–4) participants performed repeated hill climbs at different gradients (of 3%, 6% and 9% in counterbalanced order) with the actual workload ‘congruent’ with virtual hill gradient. On visit 5 participants completed three incongruent trials with virtual hill gradients of 3%, 6% and 9% but a fixed workload equal to that for the 6% climb (iVR3%, iVR6% and iVR9% trials). Despite no difference in power output, there was a significantly elevated rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and mean arterial blood pressure in iVR9% compared to iVR3% and iVR6%, although this effect decayed over time. There was no effect on any respiratory variable, and no significant reduction in RPE or cardiovascular responses was observed during the iVR3% trial. These data suggest that perception of effort and cardiovascular responses to exercise can be manipulated experimentally via virtual hill gradient (using visual and/or vestibular cues) in a VR environment. This work supports those previously showing the existence of a control mechanism which integrates perception of effort and the cardiovascular response to exercise in humans.
imageKey points
We aimed to assess whether using a highly immersive virtual reality (VR) cycling environment to create incongruence between perceived effort (virtual hill gradient) and actual effort (pedal resistance) can manipulate cardiorespiratory responses to exercise.
At an equivalent power output cycling up a steeper virtual hill produced greater ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) and blood pressure responses compared to a virtual hill congruent to power output.
This work suggests the existence of a control mechanism which integrates perception of exercise effort and the cardiovascular response to exercise, which can be experimentally manipulated by VR.
Predictions of Cell-to-Cell Propagation and Vent Gas Production in the Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Battery Stacks
Authors: Qatramez Ala' E. , Kurzawski Andrew , Hewson John , Meehan Michael , Foti Daniel , Headley Alexander J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work presents the thermal runaway propagation model LIM1TR (Lithium-ion Modeling with 1-D Thermal Runaway) as an efficient tool to predict different cell-to-cell thermal runaway propagation scenarios. We explored the vent gas volume production and reaction duration highlighting the relationship between these parameters and thermal runaway propagation due to convection by the vented gases. Two metrics based on gas production rate and heating rate are utilized as good indicators of the start and end of thermal runaway. LIM1TR results are compared with and validated by experiments from the literature for single-cell and multicell array experiments of 5 Ah and 10 Ah cells. By accounting for intraparticle diffusion of reacting species in the electrodes, we were able to capture the general dynamics of thermal runaway propagation and estimate acceptable reaction durations compared with the experimental values. Simulation results further demonstrated that varying heating modes lead to distinct reaction durations, consistent with experimental observations. Vent gas volume predictions indicate the need to consider both full and partial oxidation of the electrolyte. The outcomes of this work are building blocks for further investigations of module-to-module propagation by vented gases through convective heat transfer.
Multiple testing for signal-agnostic searches for new physics with machine learning
Authors: Grosso Gaia , Letizia Marco 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, we address the question of how to enhance signal-agnostic searches by leveraging multiple testing strategies. Specifically, we consider hypothesis tests relying on machine learning, where model selection can introduce a bias towards specific families of new physics signals. Focusing on the New Physics Learning Machine, a methodology to perform a signal-agnostic likelihood-ratio test, we explore a number of approaches to multiple testing, such as combining p-values and aggregating test statistics. Our findings show that it is beneficial to combine different tests, characterised by distinct choices of hyperparameters, and that performances comparable to the best available test are generally achieved, while also providing a more uniform response to various types of anomalies. This study proposes a methodology that is valid beyond machine learning approaches and could in principle be applied to a larger class model-agnostic analyses based on hypothesis testing.
Comparative Evaluation of Canal Transport and Centralization Between ProTaper Next and XP‐endo Shaper Systems Using CBCT Analysis: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Karkehabadi Hamed , Shokri Abbas , Banitalebi Negar , Abbasi Roshanak 
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study compared the apical transportation and centering ratio of ProTaper Next (PTN) and XP‐endo Shaper (XPS) nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary files in curved root canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methodology: The current in vitro study involved the mesiobuccal canals of mesial roots in 44 extracted mandibular first molars that exhibited apical curvature ranging from 10° to 30°. Two experimental groups were randomly formed from the teeth (n = 22) and subjected to instrumentation with PTN and XPS. CBCT scans were performed before and after instrumentation on the teeth, and the apical transport and centering ratio were calculated at 3, 4, and 5 mm from the apex. Group comparisons were conducted using an independent t‐test with a significance level set at alpha = 0.05.Results: Comparisons within groups did not reveal any statistically significant differences in the magnitude of canal transportation in the buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) directions at any level from the apex, neither in the XPS group nor in the PTN group (p > 0.05). Canal transportation in both BL and MD directions was significantly greater in PTN than in XPS (p < 0.05). The centering ratio in the MD and BL directions was the same at 3, 4, and 5 mm from the apex in the PTN (p > 0.05) and also in the XPS (p > 0.05) groups. The centering ratio was significantly higher in XPS than in PTN (p < 0.05) except at 5 mm from the apex in the MD direction and 4 and 5 mm from the apex in the BL direction (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Both buccolingually and mesiodistally, PTN led to greater apical transport than XPS and also showed a lower centering ratio.
Digital Plurilateralism in International Economic Law
Authors: Dimitropoulos Georgios 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rise of the digital economy has prompted states to turn to domestic law – including data localization, source code disclosure requirements, digital asset restrictions, and digital services taxes – to address its challenges. Simultaneously, states are increasingly leveraging plurilateral frameworks, such as the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), and plurilateral agreements, such as the Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on e-commerce in the World Trade Organization (WTO), to address the economic and geoeconomic challenges posed by the digital economy. The article examines the role of plurilateralism and plurilateral agreements in regulating the digital economy. It explores plurilateralism as a regulatory strategy for digital technologies in international trade, both within and outside the WTO. It also compares digital plurilateralism with other modalities of international governance, including multilateral and regional approaches. The article concludes by underscoring the merits of plurilateralism as a form of ‘unilateral multilateralism’ and explores its potential to shape future international ordering in the digital economy.
A Retrospective Study of Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy Guided by Carbon Nanoparticle Suspension Injection Lymphography for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Gu Jiayi , Liu Tao , Ni Bo , Huang Yile , Shen Yanying , Zhang Yeqian , Guan Yujing , Bai Long , Zhang Haoyu , Aimaiti Muerzhate , Wang Shuchang , Yue Ben , Xia Xiang , Zhang Zizhen , Cao Hui 
Published: January 2025

Background The use of lymph node (LN) tracers can help obtain a complete dissection of the LNs and increase the detection rate of metastatic LNs. Carbon nanoparticle suspension injection (CNSI) has become increasingly used in radical gastrectomy procedures. This study is designed to evaluate the quality of LN dissection in gastric cancer patients with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy under the guidance of CNSI lymphography. Method This was a retrospective cohort study including patients with a pathological biopsy diagnosis of resectable gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Data was focused on patients at [Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University] from July 2023 to January 2024. Patients were divided into the CNSI group and control group after 1:1 propensity score matching analysis. The median number of LNs harvested was compared between groups. Perioperative status and any complications that arose within 30 days were also analyzed. Result After 1:1 propensity matching analysis, there were 49 patients each in the CNSI group and control group. The median number of harvested LNs was larger in the CNSI group than the control group ( P = 0.01). A significant difference between 2 groups was observed in surgery time ( P = 0.008). The morbidity of any short-term postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery revealed a similar outcome ( P > 0.05). Discussion CNSI-guided laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is less time-consuming and harvests more LNs. For laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, CNSI-guided lymphography can be an excellent adjuvant.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Various Management Algorithms for Suspected Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Kelley Jesse K. , Mormol Jeremy , Reiber Mary , Sena Avery , Joy Abutin Camille , Sypniewski Jake , Reed Charles , Zambito Giuseppe M. , Banks-Venegoni Amy L. 
Published: January 2025

The goal of our study is to evaluate the safest, efficient, and most cost-effective way to manage suspected choledocholithiasis. This retrospective study evaluated adult patients with suspected choledocholithiasis based on labs and imaging at a single institution between 2017 and 2022 and characterized them into 1 of 3 groups based on their management pathway: (1) ERCP-first, (2) MRCP-first, or (3) surgery-first with possible intraoperative cholangiogram pending laboratory trend. Our primary outcome was hospital length of stay. 34 patients (25%) had MRCP-first, 60 patients (45%) had ERCP-first, and 39 patients (30%) received surgery first. There was no statistically significant difference in the length of stay with respect to the management pathway utilized ( P > .05); however, those admitted to a surgical service were discharged on average one day before those admitted to the medicine service ( P = .01).
Novel Use of Drug-eluting Stent in Otologic Surgery to Prevent Restenosis
Authors: Karasik Daniel , Killeen Daniel E. , Anne Samantha , Mowry Sarah E. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The primary objective of this case series is to assess the effectiveness of the off-label use of the PROPEL drug-eluting stent, traditionally FDA-approved for sinus surgery, in preventing restenosis following canalplasty in patients with chronic otologic conditions or congenital anomalies. The stent provides both mechanical support to maintain canal patency and localized steroid delivery to reduce inflammation and scarring. Methods: Four patients with various otologic conditions underwent canalplasty, followed by the placement of drug-eluting stents into the external auditory canal. The stents were inserted to address postoperative stenosis. Clinical outcomes, including ear canal patency, hearing improvement, and the rate of restenosis, were evaluated through regular follow-ups. Results: All patients showed improved ear canal patency, with minimal restenosis observed during follow-up. Hearing improvement was reported in 3 out of 4 patients. The pediatric case exhibited mild medial canal stenosis despite stent placement, but overall improvement was noted. No adverse effects were associated with the stent usage. Conclusions: The off-label use of a drug-eluting stent in canalplasty appears to reduce restenosis rates and maintain canal patency in adults effectively. Further research is warranted to standardize protocols and expand its indications for otologic surgery, particularly in pediatric cases where outcomes may vary.
Parents’ psychological control and Latina young women’s depressive symptoms: Examining the role of perceived dyadic coping behaviors from sisters
Authors: Killoren Sarah E. , Rivero Avelina , Boron Dawson , Payton Jessica , Cord Christine , Campione-Barr Nicole , Gilligan Megan 
Published: January 2025

Given that Latina young women experience high rates of depressive symptoms, identifying how to improve mental health among this population is critical. Perceived psychological control from mothers and fathers is associated with Latine young adults’ depressive symptoms. We examined how perceived supportive (e.g., showing empathy after stress disclosure) and negative (e.g., ignoring stress after stress disclosure) dyadic coping behaviors from sisters attenuated or strengthened the association between parents’ psychological control and depressive symptoms. Our sample included 195 Latina young women ( M = 23.24 years, SD = 1.95; Median = 24.00 years; 64% Mexican origin). Using hierarchical regression analyses, we found that perceived psychological control from fathers and perceived negative dyadic coping behaviors from sisters were positively associated with Latina young women’s depressive symptoms. Perceived supportive dyadic coping behaviors from sisters exacerbated the association between perceived psychological control from mothers and depressive symptoms. Also, perceived negative dyadic coping behaviors from sisters strengthened the positive association between psychological control from mothers and depressive symptoms, although the follow-up analyses only reached trend level ( p = .06). Our findings show the importance of decreasing psychological control from parents and negative dyadic coping behaviors from sisters as a way to reduce Latina young women’s depressive symptoms.
Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pelvic vein insufficiency, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pitoulias Apostolos G. , Andrioti Petropoulou Nefeli , Bontinis Vangelis , Chatzelas Dimitrios A. , Bontinis Alkis , Thano Adriana , Pitoulias Georgios A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pelvic vein insufficiency (PVI). Results Seven studies comprised of 802 patients were included. Of these studies, 5 utilised transvaginal ultrasound (TVU), 1 utilised transabdominal ultrasound (TAU) and 1 utilised both ultrasounds as diagnostic tool .The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.96 and 0.84 respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for TVU were 0.96 and 0.86. The pooled sensitivities between studies employing a <7 mm cutoff in pelvic veins’ diameter (PVD) and those employing a >7 mm threshold were 0.99 and 0.94 while the pooled specificities were 0.75 and 0.96 respectively. Conclusion The evidence supports the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of PVI. A threshold of up to 6 mm in PVD yielded excellent sensitivity outcomes, but it is at the expense of specificity. This meta analysis suggests that a PVD threshold of 7 mm should be employed as a cutoff point in the diagnosis of PVI, displaying both excellent sensitivity and specificity outcomes.