bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Stellar Populations in South Pole Telescope Galaxy Clusters. I. Ages of Quiescent Member Galaxies at 0.3 < z < 1.4
Authors: Khullar Gourav , Bayliss Matthew B. , Gladders Michael D. , Kim Keunho J. , Calzadilla Michael S. , Strazzullo Veronica , Bleem Lindsey E. , Mahler Guillaume , McDonald Michael , Floyd Benjamin , Reichardt Christian L. , Ruppin Florian , Saro Alexandro , Sharon Keren , Somboonpanyakul Taweewat , Stalder Brian , Stark Antony A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using stellar population synthesis models to infer star formation histories (SFHs), we analyze photometry and spectroscopy of a large sample of quiescent galaxies that are members of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ)-selected galaxy clusters across a wide range of redshifts. We calculate stellar masses and mass-weighted ages for 837 quiescent cluster members at 0.3 < z < 1.4 using rest-frame optical spectra and the Python-based Prospector framework, from 61 clusters in the SPT-GMOS Spectroscopic Survey (0.3 < z < 0.9) and three clusters in the SPT Hi-z cluster sample (1.25 < z < 1.4). We analyze spectra of subpopulations divided into bins of redshift, stellar mass, cluster mass, and velocity-radius phase-space location, as well as by creating composite spectra of quiescent member galaxies. We find that quiescent galaxies in our data set sample a diversity of SFHs, with a median formation redshift (corresponding to the lookback time from the redshift of observation to when a galaxy forms 50% of its mass, t
50) of z = 2.8 ± 0.5, which is similar to or marginally higher than that of massive quiescent field and cluster galaxy studies. We also report median age–stellar mass relations for the full sample (age of the universe at t
50 (Gyr) = 2.52 (±0.04)–1.66 (±0.12) log10(M/1011
M
⊙)) and recover downsizing trends across stellar mass; we find that massive galaxies in our cluster sample form on aggregate ∼0.75 Gyr earlier than lower-mass galaxies. We also find marginally steeper age–mass relations at high redshifts, and report a bigger difference in formation redshifts across stellar mass for fixed environment, relative to formation redshifts across environment for fixed stellar mass.
A Comparison of Solar X-Ray Flare Timescales and Peak Temperatures with Associated Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Kahler S. W. , Ling A. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent work has shown that plots of solar flare X-ray peak temperatures, Tm, versus log peak fluxes, Fp, show statistically significant separations of lower Tm flares with fast (Vcme ≥ 1000 km s−1) and wide (Wcme = 360°) strong coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from higher Tm flares with no CMEs or slow (Vcme < 1000 km s−1) or narrow (<360°) weak CMEs. We extend that statistical separation to CME kinetic energies, Ecme. Flares with long-duration timescales also have well-known associations with fast CMEs and solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle events. Using a data set of 585 ≥ M3.0 GOES X-ray flares, we ask whether longer flare timescales (rise times, TR; durations from onset to half-power decay, TD; decay times to half power, Td; and decay times to C2, TC2) also statistically discriminate among the three groups of CMEs for speeds, widths, and energies. All log–log plots of flare timescales versus Fp produce significant separations of the three groups of CMEs generally better than those of Tm versus log Fp. We use separations of CME distribution medians to sort the four flare timescales as effective discriminants among the three CME groups. Separations between the confined flares (no-CMEs) and weak CMEs are generally smaller than those between the weak CMEs and strong CMEs. A combination of Tm and TC2 provides optimum group separations, but Tm and log TD or log Td appears best for CME forecasting purposes.
Lisinopril Can Reduce Genotoxicity of L-Asparaginase in Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Authors: Maleek Muthana Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Lisinopril is a medication used to lower blood pressure by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). L-asparaginase is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

AIM: To Study the effect of lisinopril on the genotoxicity of L-asparaginase (ASNase) in bone marrow stem cells.

METHODS: Albino Swiss male mice were divided into three groups. The first group was treated with lisinopril 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The second group mice were injected with L-asparaginase 3000 IU/kg. The last group was treated with of lisinopril for 14 days followed with an intraperitoneal injection of L-asparaginase (ASNase) at the end of the 13th day. Genotoxicity was assessed by calculating the percentage of micronucleus (MN) and mitotic index (MI).

RESULTS: ASNase significantly increased genotoxicity by raising the %MN and lowering % MI. When Lisinopril 10 mg/kg/day was administered no significant effect was seen. However, a significant decrease in genotoxic effects was observed when mice receiving Lisinopril were injected with 3000 IU/kg ASNase as compared the group treated with ASNase alone. This effect was manifested by decreasing %MN and increasing %MI.

CONCLUSION: Using lisinopril for blood hypertension treatments concurrently with the cancer therapeutic agent, L- asparaginase, decreased its genotoxicity in bone marrow stem cells.
Identification of immune-related genes in atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis
Authors: Zhang Lian , Wang Hai-Liang , Tian Xue-Qiu , Liu Wei-Lan , Hao Yue , Gao Lei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
The exact mechanisms and targeted therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD), contact dermatitis (CD), and psoriasis (PS) remain unknown.

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify the biomarkers related to immune and novel therapeutic drugs for AD, CD, and PS.

Methods:
The GSE153007 dataset including 12 AD, 9 CD, and 14 PS samples and 40 control samples, which was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed. The immune infiltration level of each sample was then evaluated using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Then, we screened for immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that overlapped. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery database was used to perform the gene ontology (GO) biological process. Furthermore, using search tool for the retrieval of interaction gene (STRING), the protein-protein interaction (PPI) was predicted on immune-related DEGs. We also searched the DGIdb database for novel therapeutic drugs for AD, CD, and PS.

Results:
According to ssGSEA results, most immune cells were highly infiltrated in the disease group. GO analysis indicated that AD, CD, and PS were enriched in signal transduction, inflammatory response, immune response, and innate immune response. We further found hub genes related to AD (CD4, ITGAM), CD (CD8A, CD86), and PS (CD4,
CD8A) from PPI network. Moreover, the drug prediction indicated that drugs targeting CSF1R was the most effective for AD, whereas drugs targeting FCGR3A and CD86 were more effective for CD and PS.

Conclusion:
These immune-associated genes such as FCGR3A, CD86, and CSF1R might be regarded as therapeutic targets for patients with AD, CD, and PS.
Use of colchicine in COVID-19 hospitalized patients
Authors: Korra Emad E.A. , AbdelFattah Eman B. , Ahmed Mervat A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has become a global public health challenge. Owing to a lack of knowledge about the virus, a significant number of potential targets for using a particular drug have been proposed. Colchicine is an old drug that has been widely used in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.

Aim
The aim was to compare the effect of colchicine added to the standard of care treatment versus the standard of care treatment alone in hospitalized COVID-19 cases.

Patients and methods
This retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients who were admitted to Ain Shams University Field Hospital. Patients were divided to two equal groups: group A received colchicine plus the standard of care treatment, and group B received the standard of care treatment.

Results
Group A showed significant reduction in the duration of the constitutional symptoms and hospital stay. Group A showed significant reduction in ICU admission and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, the mortality rate was significantly lower in group A.

Conclusion
Colchicine is a well-tolerated add-on treatment that significantly improved the constitutional symptoms, reduced the days of hospital stay, reduced the rate of ICU admission, reduced the need for mechanical ventilation, and also significantly improved the mortality rate.
Surgical management of complicated retinal detachment in a case of retinal hemangioblastoma
Authors: Bhende Pramod , Kashyap Himanshu , Nadig Ramya R 
Published: August 2022

Background:
A 40-year-old male presented with a complaint of sudden onset diminution of vision in the left eye for 2 weeks. He was a follow-up case with retinal hemangioblastoma in both eyes. He underwent two sittings of fundus fluorescein angiography-guided trans-pupillary thermotherapy 2 years back. Since then, he was regularly followed up for 2 years with stable vision and stable retinal findings. At present, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the right eye is 6/6, and in the left eye, it is counting fingers 2 meters. On fundus examination, he had one active hemangioblastoma in the right eye and total retinal detachment in the left eye with multiple active lesions. The right eye was treated with a single sitting of thermotherapy, and the left eye underwent pars plana vitrectomy and angioma excision, followed by silicone oil tamponade. The immediate and late post-operative periods were uneventful, with successful anatomical and functional outcomes. The left eye BCVA on late follow-up was 6/36, no further treatment was advised, and the patient was kept under follow-up and observed closely.

Purpose:
To educate regarding the systemic workup, diagnosis, and surgical management of complicated retinal detachment in retinal hemangioblastoma.

Synopsis:
Systemic workup, diagnosis, and surgical steps in the management of complicated retinal detachment in retinal hemangioblastoma were performed.

Highlights:
Close follow-up, keen observation, and prompt treatment in the early stages of the disease are indispensable to prevent untoward sequelae of retinal hemangioblastoma. A thorough systemic workup is necessary to diagnose the systemic involvements early. Surgery, if indicated for the retinal hemangioblastoma or its associated sequelae, should be performed diligently and with careful handling of blood vessels and anomalous tissues.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/CkoqWEnaPB8

Key words: Complicated retinal detachment, retinal hemangioblastoma, Von Hippel Lindau syndrome
Effects on ocular aberration and contrast sensitivity after implantation of spherical and aspherical monofocal intraocular lens - A comparative study
Authors: Deshpande Rahul , Satijia Anuj , Dole Kuldeep , Mangiraj Varsha , Deshpande Madan 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard of care for cataractous eyes. Monofocal IOLs are spherical or aspheric. The aspheric design of IOLs reduces the spherical and higher-order aberrations and impacts contrast sensitivity post cataract surgery. There are some studies, but data in the Indian setting with the IOLs we used is lacking. We aimed to compare the effect of implantation of spheric and aspheric foldable intraocular lenses on postoperative quality of vision, spherical aberration, and contrast sensitivity.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with an ophthalmology specialty, data collection from January 2017 to May 2018 in 100 patients. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Their preoperative and postoperative data were collected and divided into groups based on whether spherical or aspheric IOL was implanted after cataract surgery. Variables assessed were visual acuity on days 7 and 30, spherical aberrations, and contrast sensitivity was assessed at 1-month postoperative.

Results:
The mean age of the patients in this study was 64 ± 8 years with a majority of patients (60%) being females. There is no significant difference in postoperative visual acuity between the two groups. Internal SA was significantly lower (~50%) in eyes implanted with aspheric IOLs (P value = 0.004, 0.0001) compared with the spherical group. Contrast sensitivity of patients of the aspheric group was significantly better (P value <0.05).

Conclusion:
The optical design of the aspheric IOLs reduced spherical aberrations and increased contrast sensitivity.
Results of fusional vergence therapy in managing consecutive esotropia: A case series
Authors: Singh Prem Kumar , Sharma Preeti , Sharma Sonia , Ganesh Suma 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:To analyze the efficacy of fusional vergence therapy (FVT) in management of consecutive esotropia with diplopia after intermittent exotropia (IXT) surgery. The current study is carried on how FVT affects the duration of treatment, sensory fusion, and exotropic drift.Methods:This was a retrospective study for the medical record of 11 patients with consecutive esotropia after IXT surgery of 543 patients over the period of 5 year, with mean surgery age of 9.5 (range: 4–33 y). FVT was planned after minimum 6 weeks of surgery and was considered for maximum 24 weeks. Patients underwent a combination of office-based and home-based FVT. Successful outcome of therapy was considered where diplopia resolves in free space and achieves sensory fusion, stereopsis with no manifest deviation.Results:Record of 543 patients who had horizontal muscle surgery for IXT were identified and reviewed. Records of 11 patients who showed consecutive esotropia of 10 prism diopter (PD) or more with normal retinal correspondence, with or without diplopia complaint, after 6 week of surgery and had undergone vision therapy management were reviewed. A successful outcome of binocular single vision with good sensory and motor fusion with no manifest deviation or prism requirement was achieved with in the mean duration of 4.8 month of therapy. With a mean duration of 4 weeks of therapy, the mean angle of deviation reduced by 53% for distance (17 PD to 8 PD) and 27% for near (11 PD to 8 PD) and mean stereopsis improvement by 80% with 94% patients demonstrating sensory fusion on Bagolini test and 94% of patients having no symptoms of diplopia or squint.Conclusion:With nonsurgical management involving refractive error correction, FVT, and prism, consecutive esotropia was resolved in 74% cases. Management of consecutive esotropia with FVT can result in satisfactory sensory fusion and successful motor alignment.
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopia
Authors: Parikh Rajul , Sachdeva Virender , Kekunnaya Ramesh , Rao B Venkateshwar , Parikh Shefali , Thomas Ravi 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To report retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in eyes with amblyopia compared with contralateral healthy eyes.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we included patients with anisometropic amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, and mixed amblyopia. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including RNFLT measurement with time-domain OCT (Stratus OCT) and scanning laser polarimeter (GDX VCC). A paired “t” test was used to compare average and quadrant-wise RNFL thickness between the amblyopic and contralateral normal eyes. In addition, an analysis of variance test was used to compare various RNFL thickness parameters between the three groups.

Results:
A total of 33 eyes of 33 subjects with anisometropic amblyopia, 20 eyes of 20 subjects with strabismic amblyopia, and 38 eyes of 38 subjects with mixed amblyopia were included. In the anisometropic amblyopia group, the average RNFLT in the amblyopic eye was 98.2 mm and 99.8 mm in the fellow normal eye (P = 0.5), the total foveal thickness was 152.82 mm (26.78) in the anisometropic eye and 150.42 mm (23.84) in the fellow eye (P = 0.38). The difference between amblyopic and contralateral normal eye for RNFL and macular parameters was statistically insignificant in all three groups. The RNFL thickness in four quadrants was similar in the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eye between all three groups and statistically non-significant.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that RNFL thickness was similar in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes between all three amblyopia groups.
Lagophthalmos: An etiological lookout to frame the decision for management
Authors: Rita M Rani H , Deepa M , Gitanjali V C , Tinu SR , Subbulakshmi B , Sujitha D , Palthya Gopinayik , Saradha M , Vedhavalli T , Sowmiya B , Akalya R , Mathivadhani L S , Uma M , Bhavani R , Violet Joy R 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To describe the etiology, clinical profile, duration of lagophthalmos cases and thereby, framing a decision for the management based on the severity of Exposure keratitis (EK), Facial palsy (FP) with each etiology and to describe the outcome of the management options.

Methods:
The method was a prospective review of 120 lagophthalmos cases treated at a single tertiary center from January 2018 to January 2019. The main outcome measures were analysing the association between age, etiology, duration and management of lagophthalmos.

Results:
Of the 120 patients studied, paralytic etiology was noted in 86 and eyelid etiology in 34 patients. The percentage of various lagophthalmos etiology documented were Bell’s palsy (35.83%), lagophthalmos in ICU patients (15%), traumatic facial palsy(FP) (10.80%), stroke associated FP (6.67%), infection associated FP (6.67%), iatrogenic FP, cicatricial lagophthalmos (5%), lagophthalmos post eyelid surgeries (5%), neoplastic FP(3.33%), congenital FP (1.67%), proptosis induced lagophthalmos (1.67%), floppy eyelid syndrome induced lagophthalmos (0.83%) and lid coloboma associated lagophthalmos (0.83%). A statistically significant correlation was noted between exposure keratitis and age, with an increased prevalence age advances. The management showed significant variation with individual etiology, with some etiologies unquestionably requiring surgical management. Surgical management is crucial as the duration of lagophthalmos increases more than 6 weeks, EK involving pupillary axis and poor FP recovery.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the conservative management was sufficient in all cases when the duration is less than 1 week, Exposure keratitis not involving the pupillary axis (EK< Grade II) and FP with good functional recovery ( FP < Grade III). The predominant causes being Bell’s palsy, lagophthalmos in ICU patients and vascular FP. Whereas, cases with poor functional recovery of facial palsy(FP) and permanent eyelid deformation require definitive surgical management like Traumatic FP & cicatricial lagophthalmos.
From Scylla to Charybdis: Fixed drug combinations for tuberculosis and increased ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy in India
Authors: Bhargava Archana , Sahoo Niroj K , Das Anthony V , Tyagi Mudit , Kammari Priyanka , Sheth Jenil , Kurada Jayakrishna , Shukla Sneha 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To describe the increase in prevalence of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON) in patients presenting to a single tertiary referral eye care center in India after introduction of weight-based fixed dose combinations and an increase in duration of ethambutol use from 2016 in the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, observational, referral hospital-based study of 156 patients with a diagnosis of EON presenting to a single tertiary referral eye care center between January 2016 and December 2019. The main outcome measure was to assess the increase in prevalence of EON cases presenting to our tertiary care institute.

Results:
During the 4-year study period, 156 new patients were diagnosed with EON. A total of 101 patients (64.7%) were males and 55 (35.3%) were females. The most common age group affected was 41–60 years. The significant complaint at presentation was decreased vision in all the patients. A rising trend in the number of patients diagnosed as EON was seen, with the prevalence increasing from 16 cases in 2016, 13 cases in 2017, and 31 cases in 2018 to 96 cases in 2019.

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated an alarming increase in the trend of EON cases presenting to our tertiary care institute.
Morphological characterization of subretinal hyper-reflective material in posterior uveitis using swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Arora Atul , Agarwal Aniruddha , Bansal Reema , Katoch Deeksha , Dogra Mohit , Sharma Aman , Agrawal Rupesh , Gupta Vishali 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the structural features of subretinal hyper-reflective material (SHRM) in posterior uveitis using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods:
In this observational study, subjects with quiescent posterior uveitis and the presence of SHRM on SS-OCT were subjected to SS-OCTA to identify the presence of an intrinsic choroidal neovascular (CNV) network. OCT features were compared for SHRM harboring CNV (vascular SHRM) with those without CNV network (avascular SHRM) to identify clinical signs pointing toward the presence of CNVM inside SHRM.

Results:
Forty-two eyes of 33 subjects (18 males; mean age: 29.52 ± 12.56 years) were evaluated. Two-thirds (28/42) of eyes having SHRM on SS-OCT harbored intrinsic neovascular network (vascular SHRM). Increased reflectivity of SHRM (P < 0.001) and increased transmission of OCT signal underlying SHRM (P = 0.03) were suggestive of the absence of CNVM. The presence of intra/subretinal fluid (P = 0.08) and pitchfork sign (P = 0.017) were important markers of vascular SHRM.

Conclusion:
SHRM is an important OCT finding in eyes with posterior uveitis. Meticulous assessment of SHRM characteristics on SS-OCT can aid in identifying the underlying intrinsic neovascular network.
Vertical transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles to correct head tilt because of infantile nystagmus syndrome – A case series
Authors: Kekunnaya Ramesh , Jain Mayank 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Head tilt associated with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) can be corrected by (a) operating the oblique muscles, (b) horizontally transposing the vertical rectus muscles, or (c) vertically transposing the horizontal rectus muscles. We report three cases of INS with head tilt corrected by vertically transposing the horizontal rectus muscles in both the eyes.

Methods:
Three cases of head tilt with INS from an institutional practice operated by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. The intervention included full tendon width transposition (upward or downward) of all four horizontal rectus muscles to induce cyclotorsion in the direction of head tilt. The primary outcome measure was the correction of head tilt in the primary position.

Results:
Three patients (boys) of ages ranging from 4 to 7 years with a pre-operative head tilt of 30° were operated upon. Although one patient’s oblique muscles had been operated on to correct head tilt, another patient had an unmasked face turn after the surgery, which was corrected with a modified Anderson’s procedure. Post-operatively, all patients had a reduction of head tilt to a range of 0–10°.

Conclusion:
Vertical transposition of horizontal rectus muscles is a simple surgical option to correct head tilt in INS. However, the results may vary based on individual cases.