bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection and antibiotic treatment have prolonged effects on gut microbiota, muscle and hepatic fatty acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Parshukov Aleksey N. , Fokina Natalia N. , Sukhovskaya Irina V. , Kantserova Nadezhda P. , Lysenko Liudmila A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and bacterium-specific fatty acid occurrence in the muscle and hepatic lipids of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), both healthy and those naturally infected with bacterial pathogens.Methods and ResultsFrom June 2017 (L1) to September 2018 (L8), 74 specimens of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (with an average weight from 139.2 ± 7.1 g (L1) to 2191.7 ± 85.1 g (L8)) were studied. Amplicon sequencing targeted to the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA gene fragments is used for the identification of the taxonomic composition of gut bacterial communities. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Fusobacteria were the major phyla. Besides behavioural and physiological manifestations of the bacterial mixed disease (yersiniosis, pseudomonosis and flavobacteriosis), some disorders induced by both the infection and followed antibiotic treatment were detected in the host organism, including (1) a progressive decrease in the content of odd-chain saturated fatty acids of bacterial origin within the trout lipid molecules and (2) abnormalities in trout GI tract microbiota, such as the elimination of LAB and progressive occurrence of certain bacterial taxa, particularly Mycoplasmataceae.ConclusionsThe GI bacterial flora varied principally due to Mycoplasmataceae and Lactobacillaceae, which could be considered in the search for bioindicators. The content of specific bacterium-derived fatty acids incorporated into the lipids of trout muscle and hepatic seems to be related to the prevalence of bacterial taxa, and their deficit could be regarded as an early warning sign of microbiota disturbance.Significance and impact of studyOur results demonstrated that infectious disease and antibiotic treatment of reared species can cause a pertinent imbalance in their gut microbiota and reduce the abundance of specific fatty acids. This can be useful for the sustainable aquaculture industry due to the development of early indication technologies for rapid disease diagnosis.
Probiotic potentials of the silkworm gut symbiont Enterococcus casseliflavus ECB140, a promising L-tryptophan producer living inside the host
Authors: Liang Xili , He Jintao , Zhang Nan , Muhammad Abrar , Lu Xingmeng , Shao Yongqi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
L-tryptophan is an essential aromatic amino acid for the growth and development of animals. Studies about enteric L-tryptophan-producing bacteria are scarce. In this report, we characterized the probiotic potential of Enterococcus casseliflavus ECB140, focusing on its L-tryptophan production abilities.

Methods and results
ECB140 strain was isolated from the silkworm gut and can survive under strong alkaline environmental conditions. Bacterial colonization traits (motility and biofilm) were examined and showed that only ECB140 produced flagellum and strong biofilms compared with other Enterococcus strains. Comparative genome sequence analyses showed that only ECB140 possessed a complete route for L-tryptophan synthesis among all 15 strains. High-performance liquid chromatography and qRT-PCR confirmed the capability of ECB140 to produce L-tryptophan. Besides, the genome also contains the biosynthesis pathways of several other essential amino acids, such as phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and lysine. These results indicate that ECB140 has the ability to survive passage through the gut and could act as a candidate probiotic.

Conclusions
The study describes a novel, natural silkworm gut symbiont capable of producing L-tryptophan. Enterococcus casseliflavus ECB140 physical and genomic attributes offer possibilities for its colonization and provide L-tryptophan for lepidopteran insects.
Quid Pro Quo. The Effect of Issue Linkage on Member States' Bargaining Success in European Union Lawmaking
Authors: Kirpsza Adam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how issue linkage between the European Parliament (EP) and the Council affects Member States' bargaining success in European Union lawmaking. Drawing from the spatial model of EU decision‐making and the relais actors thesis, it theorizes the general and conditional effect of inter‐institutional package deals on states' bargaining satisfaction. Using the DEUII dataset, the analysis reveals the following findings. First, issue linkage has a varying effect on preference attainment as cross‐legislation packages decrease states' bargaining success, while within‐legislation logrolls increase it. Second, states with centrist preferences are less successful when issue linkage occurs. By contrast, package deals favour Member States sharing positions with the EP and those holding the EP rapporteur and the Council presidency. However, these effects vary with the type of package deals and the voting rule in the Council. Third, in contrast to conventional negotiations, issue linkage produces a relatively symmetric distribution of bargaining success among Member States.
The progression of flood risk in southern Alberta since the 2013 flood
Authors: Bryant Seth P. , Davies Evan G. R. , Sol David , Davis Sandy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter a century of semi‐restricted floodplain development, Southern Alberta, Canada, was struck by the devastating 2013 Flood. Aging infrastructure and limited property‐level floodproofing likely contributed to the $4–6 billion (CAD) losses. Following this catastrophe, Alberta has seen a revival in flood management, largely focused on structural protections. However, concurrent with the recent structural work was a 100,000+ increase in Calgary's population in the 5 years following the flood, leading to further densification of high‐hazard areas. This study implements the novel Stochastic Object‐based Flood damage Dynamic Assessment (SOFDA) model framework to quantify the progression of the direct‐damage flood risk in a mature urban neighborhood after the 2013 Flood. Five years of remote‐sensing data, property assessment records, and inundation simulations following the flood are used to construct the model. Results show that in these 5 years, vulnerability trends (like densification) have increased flood risk by 4%; however, recent structural mitigation projects have reduced overall flood risk by 47% for this case study. These results demonstrate that the flood management revival in Southern Alberta has largely been successful at reducing flood risk; however, the gains are under threat from continued development and densification absent additional floodproofing regulations.
Sharenting in an evolving digital world: Increasing online connection and consumer vulnerability
Authors: Ong L. Lin , Fox Alexa K. , Cook Laurel Aynne , Bessant Claire , Gan Pingping , Hoy Mariea Grubbs , Nottingham Emma , Pereira Beatriz , Steinberg Stacey Barell 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSharenting (using social media to share content about one's child) is a progressively common phenomenon enabled by society's increased connection to digital technology. Although it can encourage positive connections to others, it also creates concerns related to children's privacy and well‐being. In this paper, we establish boundaries and terminology related to sharenting in an evolving digital world. We conceptualize a modern sharenting ecosystem involving key stakeholders (parents, children, community, commercial institutions, and policymakers), by applying consumer vulnerability theory to explore the increased online connection that occurs as work, school, and socialization become increasingly more virtual. Next, we expand the characterization of sharenting by introducing a spectrum of sharenting awareness that categorizes three types of sharenting (active, passive, and invisible). Finally, we provide a research agenda for policymakers and consumer welfare researchers.
A critical review focusing the effect of ingredients on the textural properties of plant‐based meat products
Authors: Younis Kaiser , Ashfaq Alweera , Ahmad Alisha , Anjum Zayeema , Yousuf Owais 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant‐based meat alternatives have been studied for decades, but have recently gained more attraction in the food industries and research communities. Concern about animal welfare, health, environment and moral beliefs acts as a driving force for the growth of plant‐based meat products. The most challenging task in the development of meat analog is to imitate the texture of conventional meat products. The fabrication of plant‐based meat product requires a wise selection and formulation of ingredients to perfectly mimic the fibrous structure of meat. Top‐down and bottom‐up approaches are the two most commonly used structuring techniques for the preparation of plant‐based meat products. Development of comminuted meat product is easy as compared with the whole‐muscle type plant‐based meat products. Several plant‐based ingredients such as texturized and non‐texturized proteins, fats, binding agents, flavoring and coloring agents accompanied with different processing techniques (extrusion, shear cell, wet spinning, electrospinning, and freeze structuring) are used in the preparation of meat analogs. This article aims to discuss the impact of ingredients on the textural properties of plant‐based meat products.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics of azithromycin in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) after intramuscular administration at three different dosages
Authors: Sukkheewan Rattapong , Poapolathep Amnart , Giorgi Mario , Klangkaew Narumol , Phaochoosak Napasorn , Wongwaipairoj Tara , Udomkusonsri Pareeya , Chaiyabutr Narongsak , Poapolathep Saranya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study evaluated the pharmacokinetic features of azithromycin (AZM) in 15 freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in Thailand. The crocodiles were administered a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of AZM at three different dosages of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at pre‐assigned times up to 168 h. The plasma concentrations of AZM were measured using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The plasma concentration of AZM were quantifiable for up to 168 h after i.m. administration at the three different dosages. A non‐compartmental model was used to fit the plasma concentration of AZM versus the time curve for each crocodile. The elimination half‐life values of AZM were 33.70, 38.11, and 34.80 h following i.m. injection after dosages of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg b.w., respectively. There were no significant differences among groups. The results indicated that the overall rate of elimination of AZM in freshwater crocodiles was relatively slow. The maximum concentration and area under the curve from zero to the last values of AZM increased in a dose‐dependent fashion. The average binding percentage of AZM to plasma protein was 48.66%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, the susceptibility break‐point and the surrogate PK‐PD index (T > MIC), the intramuscular administration of AZM at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections (MIC < 4 μg/ml) in freshwater crocodiles.
Hierarchical regulation of Burkholderia glumae type III secretion system by GluR response regulator and Lon protease
Authors: Marunga Joan , Kang Yongsung , Goo Eunhye , Hwang Ingyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExpression of type III secretion system (T3SS) genes, which are important for the virulence of phytopathogenic bacteria, is induced in the plant apoplastic environment or artificially amended growth conditions. Wild‐type Burkholderia glumae BGR1, which causes rice panicle blight, induced a hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco plants, whereas the T3SS genes were not significantly expressed in the commonly used hrp induction medium. T3SS gene expression in B. glumae was dependent on HrpB, a well known T3SS gene transcriptional regulator. Here, we report a stepwise mechanism of T3SS gene regulation by the GluR response regulator and Lon protease in addition to HrpB‐mediated control of T3SS genes in B. glumae. The gluR mutant showed no HR in tobacco plants and exhibited attenuated virulence in rice plants. GluR directly activated hrpB expression, indicating that hrpB belongs to the GluR regulon. The lon mutation allowed high expression of the T3SS genes in nutrient‐rich media. Lon directly activated gluR expression but repressed hrpB expression, indicating that Lon acts as a regulator rather than a protease. However, the lon mutant failed to induce an HR and virulence, suggesting that Lon not only acts as a negative regulator, but also has an essential, yet to be determined role for T3SS. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the two‐component system response regulator GluR and Lon in T3SS gene regulation, providing new insight into the complex interplay mechanisms of regulators involved in T3SS gene expression in bacteria–plant interactions.
Smartphone‐based home workout program for shift‐work nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Baek Yunmi , Han Kihye , Kim Jieun , Yoo Hae Young 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a smartphone‐based home workout program for shift‐work nurses to increase their levels of exercise and examine its effects on health (sleep disturbance, fatigue, musculoskeletal problems, and resilience) and nursing performance. For this quasiexperimental study with a nonequivalent control group, 54 shift‐work nurses were recruited from two general wards at a hospital in Korea and assigned to the intervention and control groups. Nurses in the intervention group were encouraged to exercise regularly using the home workout application for 18 weeks. For the first 12 weeks, text‐message counseling and environmental improvement were carried out; only environmental improvement was implemented in the remaining 12–18 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. After excluding dropouts, the data of the final 25 participants in the intervention group and 24 participants in the control group were analyzed. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in physical and psychological health. Hospital organizations could adopt a smartphone‐based home workout program to overcome obstacles to exercise, which could lead to positive health outcomes for shift‐work nurses.
The ecology of palm genomes: repeat‐associated genome size expansion is constrained by aridity
Authors: Schley Rowan J. , Pellicer Jaume , Ge Xue‐Jun , Barrett Craig , Bellot Sidonie , Guignard Maïté S. , Novák Petr , Suda Jan , Fraser Donald , Baker William J. , Dodsworth Steven , Macas Jiří , Leitch Andrew R. , Leitch Ilia J. 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Genome size varies 2400‐fold across plants, influencing their evolution through changes in cell size and cell division rates which impact plants' environmental stress tolerance. Repetitive element expansion explains much genome size diversity, and the processes structuring repeat ‘communities’ are analogous to those structuring ecological communities. However, which environmental stressors influence repeat community dynamics has not yet been examined from an ecological perspective.

We measured genome size and leveraged climatic data for 91% of genera within the ecologically diverse palm family (Arecaceae). We then generated genomic repeat profiles for 141 palm species, and analysed repeats using phylogenetically informed linear models to explore relationships between repeat dynamics and environmental factors.

We show that palm genome size and repeat ‘community’ composition are best explained by aridity. Specifically, Ty3‐gypsy and TIR elements were more abundant in palm species from wetter environments, which generally had larger genomes, suggesting amplification. By contrast, Ty1‐copia and LINE elements were more abundant in drier environments.

Our results suggest that water stress inhibits repeat expansion through selection on upper genome size limits. However, elements that may associate with stress‐response genes (e.g. Ty1‐copia) have amplified in arid‐adapted palm species. Overall, we provide novel evidence of climate influencing the assembly of repeat ‘communities’.
Specialist root herbivore modulates plant transcriptome and downregulates defensive secondary metabolites in a brassicaceous plant
Authors: Karssemeijer Peter N. , de Kreek Kris A. , Gols Rieta , Neequaye Mikhaela , Reichelt Michael , Gershenzon Jonathan , van Loon Joop J. A. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Plants face attackers aboveground and belowground. Insect root herbivores can lead to severe crop losses, yet the underlying transcriptomic responses have rarely been studied.

We studied the dynamics of the transcriptomic response of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) primary roots to feeding damage by cabbage root fly larvae (Delia radicum), alone or in combination with aboveground herbivory by cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) or diamondback moth caterpillars (Plutella xylostella). This was supplemented with analyses of phytohormones and the main classes of secondary metabolites; aromatic, indole and aliphatic glucosinolates.

Root herbivory leads to major transcriptomic rearrangement that is modulated by aboveground feeding caterpillars, but not aphids, through priming soon after root feeding starts. The root herbivore downregulates aliphatic glucosinolates. Knocking out aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis with CRISPR‐Cas9 results in enhanced performance of the specialist root herbivore, indicating that the herbivore downregulates an effective defence.

This study advances our understanding of how plants cope with root herbivory and highlights several novel aspects of insect–plant interactions for future research. Further, our findings may help breeders develop a sustainable solution to a devastating root pest.
Effect of early‐life exposure to PM2.5 on childhood asthma/wheezing: a birth cohort study
Authors: Chen Guimin , Zhou He , He Guanhao , Zhu Sui , Sun Xiaoli , Ye Yufeng , Chen Hanwei , Xiao Jianpeng , Hu Jianxiong , Zeng Fangfang , Yang Pan , Gao Yanhui , He Zhongrong , Wang Jiong , Cao Ganxiang , Chen Yumeng , Feng Hao , Ma Wenjun , Liu Chaoqun , Liu Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough studies have investigated the association between early‐life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and childhood asthma/wheezing, results are inconsistent and the susceptible exposure window remains largely unknown.MethodsA prospective birth cohort study was conducted to recruit pregnant women during their early pregnancy, and to follow up them and their children up to 3–4 years old. Diagnosis of asthma/wheezing was extracted from children's medical records. A spatiotemporal land‐use regression (ST‐LUR) model was used to assess maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy and their children's exposure after birth. The Cox proportional hazards model and accelerated failure time model (for violation of proportional hazards assumption) were applied to estimate the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposures to PM2.5 on the risk of childhood asthma/wheezing.ResultsA total of 3725 children were included, and 392 children (10.52%) were diagnosed with asthma/wheezing. Both prenatal and postnatal exposures to PM2.5 were positively associated with the risk of asthma/wheezing. Each interquartile range (IQR) increment in PM2.5 exposure during the entire pregnancy (4.8 μg/m3) and the period from birth to the end of follow‐up (1.5 μg/m3) was associated with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.44 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.85] and 2.74 (95% CI: 2.59, 2.91), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed greater HRs for PM2.5 exposures during the pseudoglandular stage (6–16 gestational weeks [GWs]: IQR = 4.8 μg/m3, HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.18) and canalicular stage (16–24 GWs: IQR = 4.8 μg/m3, HR = 1.13, 95% CI:1.03, 1.23) than other stages, and also showed significant effects in the first three‐year period after birth (IQR = 1.5 μg/m3, HR = 2.37, 95% CI: =2.24, 2.51).ConclusionHigher prenatal and postnatal PM2.5 exposures may increase the risk of childhood asthma/wheezing. The pseudoglandular stage, canalicular stage, and the first three years after birth may be key susceptible to exposure windows.
Exogenous melatonin enhances soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedling tolerance to saline‐alkali stress by regulating antioxidant response and DNA damage repair
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Chen Suyu , Wang Guangda , Du Yanli , Zhang Zhaoning , Yu Gaobo , Ren Chunyuan , Zhang Yuxian , Du Jidao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSaline‐alkali (SA) stress induces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in plant cells, resulting in oxidative damages of membranes, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Melatonin has antioxidant protection effects in living organisms and thus has received a lot of attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect and regulating mechanism of melatonin treatment on soybean tolerance to SA stress. In this study, cultivars Heihe 49 (HH49, SA‐tolerant) and Henong 95 (HN95, SA‐sensitive) were pot‐cultured in SA soil, then treated with MT (0–300 μM) at V1 stage. SA stress induced ROS accumulation and DNA damage in the seedling roots of both cultivars, causing G1/S arrest in HN95 and G2/M arrest in HH49. Melatonin treatment enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in soybean seedling roots and reduced ROS accumulation. Additionally, melatonin treatment upregulated DNA damage repair genes, thus enhancing the reduction of DNA oxidative damage under SA stress. The effects of melatonin treatment were manifested as decreased RAPD polymorphism, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanine (8‐OH‐dG) level, and relative density of apurinic sites (AP‐sites). Meanwhile, melatonin treatment partially alleviated the SA‐induced G1/S arrest in HN95 and G2/M arrest in HH49, thus enhancing soybean seedling tolerance to SA stress.