bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms and their correlation to patients' health state in Palestine
Authors: Naseef Hani , Khalil Abdallah , Eschek Malak , Dababat Aseel , Qattosa Maram , Orabi Tala , Joza Mohammad , Mashaala Carmen , Al-Shami Ni'Meh , Rabba Abdullah , Jaradat Nidal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims: Many symptoms have been reported by individuals infected with the SARS-Cov2 virus. This study assessed the prevalence of selected COVID-19 symptoms among infected individuals in Palestine and its association with patient health status and comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional observation questionnaire-based study was conducted to collect data from confirmed SARS Cov-2 infection patients. The questionnaire was distributed face-to-face or online. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to find significant relationships among data variables. Results: 680 participants completed the questionnaire; the mean age was 28.1 ± 11·8. A total of 572 (84.1%) developed at least one symptom during infection. The most common reported symptoms during the infection were fatigue (93.1%), headache (90.7%), loss of smell (89.0%), and joint pain. In patients older than 50, loss of sense of smell was the least encountered symptom, while fatigue, loss of taste, and fever were most common in patients younger than 40. Patients with at least one comorbid condition suffered most from fatigue and headache. Conclusions: Various demographic factors and determinants found to affect the infection with COVID-19, type of symptoms, and comorbidities involved. Even though it has been almost three years since the pandemic started, and with the availability of vaccines and emergent viral mutations, awareness of signs and symptoms and uncovering newer symptoms are essential in making the diagnosis, halting and controlling the virus's spread. Therefore, COVID-19 infection and related symptoms remain challenging for health care providers and researchers, as the disease requires much investigation effort to be well understood.
Analyzing Binding affinities and Drug likeness of Alprazolam through Molecular docking and ADME toxicity
Authors: Mallari Praveen , Paramanik Vijay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
GABAergic, Gamma Amino Butyric Acid A (GABAA) receptors are permeable to the chloride ion gated channel, on hyperexcitability alters the ions gradients and leads to anxiety-related diseases. The study aims to elucidate the potent inhibitory ligands of alprazolam and their analogues, those retrieved from the PubChem database as ligands against GABAA receptor as a target to reduce the daily dose administration. In-silico methods like molecular docking was performed using docking tool, AutoDock and AutoDock vina version 4.2, Absorption Digestion Metabolism Excretion toxicity through Swiss ADME and OSIRIS online tools to find potent lead ligand and predicting drug-likeness. Molecular docking showed that three compounds A3, A8, and A9 had significant binding affinities (-8.0 to -8.2 kcal/mol) to the target. The ADME toxicity study showed three ligands (PubChem ID: 1032832, 12632256, and 12632257) with good binding affinity, obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five. A8 chemical compound can cross the blood-brain barrier out of three ligands, A3 and A9 ligands were remained in the gastrointestinal region, which is represented in the BOILED-Egg model. The study revealed one potent antagonist of GABAA receptors, namely 8-chloro-1,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl-4H- [1, 2, 4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1, 4] benzodiazepine, these can be further exploited for wet-lab studies perhaps used for the therapeutics as anxiolytic drug.
A Novel Design of Low Power Modified PPN SRAM Cell based Memory Array and its Analytical Reviews for Cache Memories
Authors: K Gavaskar , Surendar N , Thrisali S , Vishal M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cache memory is a storage space that is essential for storing the repetitive data and the instructions to perform an operation. In modern processors speed has been increased significantly but memory enhancements are mainly focusing on the ability to store more data in less space and to reduce the latency. The circuit of 10 T SRAM cell based on PNN Inverter proposed in this paper is made up of 2 cross-coupled PNN inverters (1 PMOS and 2 NMOS transistors), single ended separate read circuit (2 NMOS transistors) and 2 access transistors (2 NMOS). Different leakage current control techniques like LECTOR and KLECTOR are applied to the 10T PPN and 10T PNN SRAM cells to improve their hold performance and their results are compared. The 8X8 memory array consists of memory cells, row and column decoders, pre-charge circuits, sense amplifiers and write driver circuits. The various parameters like delay, dynamic power, power delay product, leakage power and static noise margin for read, write, and hold operations are measured and compared with other SRAM cells. CADENCE Virtuoso Tool is used for designing the various circuits in 90 nm technology. Simulation results shows that the proposed SRAM cell has better performance comparing to other cells so it is used for creating the array structure. The 8X8 10T PNN SRAM cell-based array has less power and less delay when compared with other array structures.
COL5A2 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Meiru , Zhang Lixian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The prognosis for gastric cancer (GC), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, is very poor. There is evidence that collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) is increased in various cancers, yet it remains unclear how it contributes to the prognosis and immunity of gastric cancer.
Methods
Transcriptome profiling and clinical data of GC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO datasets GSE84437. COL5A2 expression mRNA level as well as the relationship between COL5A2 and clinicopathological factors were analyzed through R software. We conducted survival analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to evaluate the prognosis and independent factors of GC. Co-expressed analysis was performed with cBioPortal and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0. To identify the underlying mechanism, we first performed differential expression analysis, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of differential expression genes (DEGs) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The TISIDB and TIMER2.0 database were used to calculate immune cell infiltration levels. Furthermore, TIMER2.0 and The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database were employed to analyze immune infiltrates gene marker sets. Additionally, we analyzed association of COL5A2 expression with immunological checkpoint inhibitors in R software. Immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity to immunotherapy response.
Results
COL5A2 expression was elevated in GC, and associated with worse overall survival. A significant correlation was found between COL5A2 overexpression and T-stage progression in GC. COL5A2 was found to be an independent factor for the unfortunate outcome in Cox regression analysis. The co-expressed genes of COL5A2 associated with tumor stage or poor survival. Enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) - related processes, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and focal adhesion. GSEA analyses revealed that COL5A2 was associated with tumor progression-related pathways. Meanwhile, COL5A2 expression was correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Moreover, the low COL5A2 expression group exhibited a higher IPS score, which was correlated with better immunotherapy results.
Conclusions
COL5A2 might act as a prognostic biomarker of GC prognosis and immune infiltration and may provide a therapeutic intervention strategy.
Ambient Environment Adaptive Elastomer Constructed by Microphase Separation and Segment Complexation of Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Wang Weijie , Zhang Caihong , Huang Hao , Xue Bing , Yang Shuguang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Elastomers with environmental adaption have attracted considerable attentions for advanced applications in various areas. Here, we fabricate an ambient environment adaptive elastomer by assembling triblock copolymers polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid)-b-polystyrene (SAS) and polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (SES). Owing to microphase separation of triblock polymers and hydrogen-bonding complexation of their middle segments, SAS/SES complex presents dichotomy of vitrified hard PS domains and soft PAA/PEO domains which presents major relaxation transition in temperature zone 10–30 ℃ and relative humidity (RH) 40% − 60%. SAS/SES elastomer presents quick adaption to the ambient environment change with temperature and humidity coupling. Moreover, after a loading-unloading cycle training, SAS/SES elastomer exhibits domain orientation, low energy dissipation, high recovery ratio, and distinct strain stiffening compared with the pristine complex. SAS/SES elastomer has potential to be used as sensing and adaption component for complicated intelligent systems.
Multi-response Optimization of IC Wire Bonding for Large Probe Marks by the RSM and Desirability Function Approach
Authors: Chiu Jing-Er , Wang Chau-Shing , Lu Shih-Wen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wire bonding is key to high-quality IC assembly in semiconductor packaging. An electrical test was conducted before wire bonding. During the electrical test, the needle probes touched the surface of each bond pad resulting in a probe trace left, called probe marks. The probe mark on the bond pad affects the adhesion between the bond pad and copper ball. Generally, the bond ball can be removed easily under shear testing if the ratio of probe mark area to pad area is greater than 20%. A large probe mark causes a defect in the yield. However, rejecting the orders of wafer batches with large probe marks will result in a loss of market share and good relationships with clients. In order to find the optimal parameter settings for the batches of chips with probe mark areas larger than 20% and deal with multiple response problems, this study aims to optimize the parameters of operation for the IC with large probe marks in the wire bonding process to improve process capability and production yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization with the desirability function approach was introduced into the central composite design to obtain the optimal process parameters efficiently and eliminate defects. The optimal parameter settings for the four factors were determined as follows: 90 mA bond power, 12 ms bond time, 10 g bond force, and 180 °C bond temperature. The validation testing confirms that optimal parameter settings increase yield from 98.84% to 99.94% with good process capability, helping companies improve quality, reduce defect costs, and improve customer relationships.
Effect of an experimental desensitizing gel on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity after in-office bleaching - a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vochikovski Laína , Favoreto Michael Willian , Rezende Marcia , Terra Renata Maria Oleniki , Silva Karine Letícia da , Farago Paulo Vitor , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Reis Alessandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS), and the efficacy of in-office bleaching after applying an experimental desensitizing gel composed of 10% calcium gluconate, 0.1% dexamethasone acetate, 10% potassium nitrate, and 5% glutaraldehyde.Material and Methods: In a split-mouth, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 50 participants had their upper hemiarches randomized into experimental and placebo groups. Desensitizing and placebo gels were applied for 10 min before in-office bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide, 1x50 min; two bleaching sessions; one-week interval). TS was recorded immediately after bleaching, 1, 24, and 48 h after each session, with a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and a five-point numerical rating scale (NRS). The color was recorded at baseline, one week after each session, and one month after the end of bleaching using shade guide units (ΔSGUs) and a spectrophotometer (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID). Results: Most participants (96%) felt some discomfort during treatment regardless of the study group. The odds ratio for pain was 0.65 (95% CI 0.1 to 4.1; p = 1.0). The intensity of TS did not differ between groups (p > 0.31), and it was only 0.34 VAS units lower in the experimental group. A significant color change occurred in all groups regardless of the group.Conclusions: The desensitizing experimental gel applied before in-office bleaching did not reduce the risk and the intensity of TS and did not affect color change.Clinical Relevance: Although the experimental desensitizing agent with varying mechanisms of action did not jeopardize the color change, it did not reduce the risk or intensity of in-office bleaching. Clinical Trial Registration Number: RBR-7T7D4D
Global Economic Limits of Groundwater When Used as a Last Resort for Irrigation
Authors: Bierkens Marc , De Graaf Inge E.M. , Lips Stephanie , Perrone Debra , Reinhard A.J. (Stijn) , Jasechko Scott , Himst Tim van der , Beek Rens van 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Under pressure of population growth and increasing food demand, irrigated agriculture has become increasingly dependent on groundwater, which has resulted in high rates of groundwater depletion in many aquifers around the globe. Groundwater level declines increase pumping costs and may render irrigated agriculture uneconomic, however, the depths at which groundwater pumping ceases to be economically efficient remain unclear. Here, we estimate the maximum (deepest) depth to groundwater at which groundwater pumping becomes uneconomic when groundwater is used as a last resort for irrigating current crops. We show that the maximum depth to groundwater at which pumping for irrigation becomes uneconomic varies strongly between regions, with the maximum depths (>1000 m) found in large sedimentary basins where lucrative crops are grown. From the perspective of irrigated agriculture, the global volume of economically extractable groundwater currently under irrigation is estimated as 0.88 ± 0.08 million km3 which is estimated to be less than 8.4 ± 0.7% of the estimated volume of fresh groundwater in the Earth’s uppermost 2 km, and represents a current present value of 28.1 ± 7.4 trillion USD. Although globally the time until groundwater depletion renders pumping uneconomic is long in many areas, the remaining value of economically recoverable groundwater is likely to sharply decline in the coming century.
Primary and potential secondary risks of landslide outburst floods
Authors: Gao Yunjian , Lee Chack Fan , Deng Jianhui , Zhao Siyuan , Dai Wen , Zhu Jun , He Zhiliang , Yang Zhongkang , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Outburst floods triggered by breaching of landslide dams may cause severe loss of life and property downstream. Accurate identification and assessment of such floods, especially when they leading to secondary impacts, is critical. In 2018, the Baige landslide in the Tibetan Plateau twice blocked the Jinsha River, eventually resulting in a severe outburst flood. The Baige landslide remains active and it is possible that a breach happens again. Based on numerical simulation using a hydrodynamic model, remote sensing, and field investigation, we reproduce the outburst flood process and assess the hazard associated with future floods. The results show that the hydrodynamic model could accurately simulate the outburst flood process, with overall accuracy and kappa accuracy for the flood extent of 0.956 and 0.911. Three future dam break scenarios were considered with landslide dams of heights 30m, 35m, and 51m. The potential storage capacity / back-flow reaches 142x106m3/32km, 182x106m3/40km, and 331x106m3/50km in the valley upstream. Failure of these three dams leads to maximum inundation in the downstream of study reach of 1.674 km2, 1.833 km2, and 1.927 km2. These results demonstrate the serious secondary hazard associated with this region.
Estimation of cancer mortality attributable to excess body weight during 2006-2015 in China
Authors: Xu Lisha , Yang Zongming , Li Tiezheng , Yu Luhua , Zhu Zhanghang , Wu Yonghao , Tang Mengling , Jin Mingjuan , Chen Kun , Wang Jianbing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. Excess body weight (including overweight and obesity), a risk factor of cancer, is highly prevalent in China. We aimed to estimate the number and proportion of cancer deaths attributed to excess body weight and their changes from 2006 to 2015 in China.Methods: We calculated the proportion of cancer deaths attributed to excess body weight during 2006-2015 in China. Population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated with: 1) prevalence of overweight/obesity, exacted from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 1997, 2000, and 2004; 2) relative risks (RRs) for excess body weight and site-specific cancers, obtained from published studies; 3) data on cancer deaths in 2006, 2010, and 2015, originated from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report.Results: In 2015, excess body weight contributed to 45,385 cancer deaths (3.17% of all) in China. The highest fraction of cancer deaths attributable to excess body weight was in the northeast (4.18%, 95% CI: 1.44-7.22%), whereas the lowest one was in the west (1.69%, 95%CI: 0.55-3.03%). The fractions of cancer deaths attributable to excess body weight were higher in women than that in men (2.12% VS. 1.73% for overweight; 1.68% VS. 0.92% for obesity). During 2006 - 2015, the overall PAF attributed to overweight decreased slightly and then increased, whereas the corresponding figure was on the rise for obesity.Conclusion: Proportion of cancer deaths attributed to excess body weight was higher in women, and subjects in the east and northeast, and was on an upward trend in recent decades. A combination of comprehensive and individualized measures is necessary to reduce the prevalence of excess body weight and related cancer burden in China.
Food insecurity of food aid users in urban and rural areas in Catalonia after the COVID crisis onset
Authors: Carrillo-Álvarez Elena , Costa-Tutusaus Lluís , Milá-Villaroel Raimon , Krishnan Nithya Shankar , Salinas-Roca Blanca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 has impacted the global economy, worsening the effects of recessions on the family economies. In Spain, the demand for social services, specially for food aid has raised. Nevertheless, the degree to which it has contributed to alleviate food insecurity, both in rural and areas, has not been assessed. Thus, the aim of this paper is to report a study to estimate the prevalence and degree of food insecurity, dietary diversity and association between sociodemographic characteristics in a sample of food aid recipients in urban and rural areas of Catalonia in the year after the onset of the COVID crisis.MethodsCross-sectional data on food insecurity, dietary diversity, household income and sociodemographic characteristics were derived from the survey in 7 different food aid distribution points from urban and rural locations. Validated questionnaires included the FAO Spanish version of Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Household Dietary Diversity Scale (HDDS). Data analysis included the study of the descriptive and correlational aspects, as well as of group comparisons based on sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence of severe food insecurity was 52,1% followed by 28.1% suffering moderate food insecurity. New users due to the covid showed a significantly higher prevalence of food insecurity. 66% of the participants reported to be new users since the covid crisis. Only 12,5% of the sample lived in households where all adults were unemployed, and 44,8 had a situation of full employment. Almost a third of the sample (32.3%) reported having someone in their household that suffered from any diet-related illnesses or diseases. Food insecurity was higher amongst new users. No significant differences were found in terms of HDDS. ConclusionsOur results indicate that while food aid is critical to many people’s lives, it is not adequately addressing food insecurity. This paper also provides evidence that much of the gap in food insecurity is related to dietary diversity and children in households. Social networks can serve as informal insurance or provide women with more bargaining power within the household.
Multimodel climate change projections of temperature for evapotranspiration scenarios and potential impact on the cropping system in Jamuna Command Area, Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Debnath Mridusmita , Sarma Arup Kumar , Mahanta Chandan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
North East India has a high potential for agricultural productivity, which is very vulnerable to climatic changes. Further limited surface water irrigation leads to rice-fallow mostly. Therefore, evapotranspiration (ET) assessment is essential for multiple cropping and annual irrigation management in the Jamuna command area (JCA). This work aims to describe the variability of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and irrigation needs at a basin level under changing climate. Multilinear Regression (MLR) model and predictors from 3 General Circulation Model (GCM) models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) are used to examine the projected changes in mean monthly air temperature of JCA. Temperature-based best ET model after comparison was used for ET projections. Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 are used from 2025 to 2100. The results showed that the NSC and CC range was 0.88–0.94 and 0.94– 0.97 respectively. For the error indices − 0.02–0.35 and 0.24–0.35 for PBIAS and RSR, respectively. The results of the future trend analysis showed a significant climate change impact on temperature anomaly during future periods. Temperature change is projected to decrease in the forthcoming and then gradually increase upto 1.4°C in the distant future for RCP 8.5. The kharif crop evapotranspiration increased at the end of 21st centuary to 0.25% and 1.18% for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively. The rabi crop evapotranpiration increased by about 1% and 2.5% under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively. The zaid crop evapotranspiration increased approximately 1.3% and 2.4% under RCP 4.5, and 8.5, respectively.
Characteristics, Morphological and Electrotechmical Studies of Al-12Si-xTe Alloys
Authors: Abdullah Hiba A. , Adnan Raad S. A. , Mathew Mathew T. , Anaee Rana A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work aims to investigate the behavior of \(Al-12Si-xTe\) alloys that are fabricated by the casting method due to the importance of Al-12Si alloy in many industries. Tellurium metal was added with three weight percents (1, 2 and 3%) and the characterization of these produced alloys was done by XRD analysis to identify the formation of hard \({Al}_{2}{Te}_{3}\) phase, which refining the grain size in a base alloy. SEM examination also confirmed the refining and uniformity distribution of \(Te\) within \(\alpha -Al\) matrix and eutectic\(Si\). From AFM analysis can be seen that 2 and 3 wt% of \(Te\) gave lower surface roughness compared with base alloy, while \(Al-12Si-1Te\) alloy gave the highest ratio of the interfacial area due to heterogeneity between matrix and \(Te\) clustered particles. The refining of produced alloys led to the difference in main diameter that increased after \(Te\) addition as illustrated from AFM analysis and so the \(Te\) addition gave more theoretical wear resistance. Corrosion measurement showed that 2 and 3 wt% of \(Te\) gave different behavior for cathodic and anodic regions and decreasing in the corrosion rate to 0.0033 and 0.0479 mm/y respectively compared to base and \(Al-12Si-1Te\) alloys due to formation of \({Al}_{2}{Te}_{3}\) phase as sufficient cathodic area.