bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic characteristics of nerve conduction study parameters for vasculitic neuropathy
Authors: Davalos Long , Watanabe Maya , Gallagher Gary W. , Grewal Avneet , Fudym Yelena , Reynolds Evan L. , Callaghan Brian C. , Banarjee Mousumi , London Zachary N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/aimsIn vasculitic neuropathy (VN), a 50% side‐to‐side difference in the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials and sensory nerve action potentials is considered meaningful, but unequivocal evidence is lacking. The aim of this study is to characterize electrodiagnostic features that best distinguish VN from other axonal polyneuropathies.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study between January 2000 and April 2021. We reviewed the records of patients with VN who had bilateral nerve conduction studies (NCS) and evaluated different electrodiagnostic models to help distinguish VN from non‐inflammatory axonal polyneuropathies.ResultsWe identified 82 cases, and 174 controls with non‐inflammatory axonal neuropathies. The amplitude percent difference Z‐score model showed the best discriminatory capability between cases and controls (area under the curve [AUC] 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82, 0.93), and the number of nerves tested did not significantly influence the model. Individually, the ulnar motor nerve (AUC 0.86; 95% CI 0.77, 0.94) and median motor nerve (AUC 0.85; 95% CI 0.77, 0.94) showed the best discriminatory capability. A 50% amplitude difference between at least two bilateral nerves, either in the upper (AUC 0.85; 95% CI 0.77, 0.93) or lower (AUC 0.79; 95% CI 0.71, 0.87) extremity showed good discriminatory threshold for detecting VN.DiscussionThe best electrodiagnostic criteria for VN utilizes z‐scores of percent differences in nerve amplitudes, but this approach may be difficult to implement at the bedside. Alternately, a 50% amplitude difference in at least two nerves is a reasonable approximation.
Combination of Acoustic Telemetry and Side-Scan Sonar Advances Suppression Efforts for Invasive Lake Trout in a Submontane Lake
Authors: Siemiantkowski Michael J. , Guy Christopher S. , Koel Todd M. , Tronstad Lusha M. , Fredenberg Carter R. , Rosenthal Leo R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Expansion of an invasive Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush population in Swan Lake, Montana, threatens a core area population of Bull Trout S. confluentus. Given the recent development of novel suppression methods, such as use of carcass analog pellets to cause high mortality of embryos, there was a need to quantify spawning season aggregation sites, site use, and spawning habitat for Lake Trout in Swan Lake. Acoustic tags were implanted in 85 Lake Trout during the summer in 2018 and 2019. Nightly tracking efforts during autumn in both years resulted in 1,744 relocations for 49 individual Lake Trout. Kernel density analysis was used to evaluate Lake Trout aggregation sites, identifying 10 distinct sites. All spawning sites were located in the littoral zone along areas of steep bathymetric relief, and these sites composed 48% of total relocations during both spawning seasons. In 2019, side-scan sonar imaging was used to classify and quantify the total area of spawning substrate, which constituted 12.8% of the total surface area estimated for spawning sites 1, 6, and 9 and 11.4% of the total surface area for aggregation sites 2–5, 7, 8, and 10. Simultaneous treatment of all spawning sites would require 205,709 ± 86 kg of carcass analog pellet material, resulting in 370.4 ± 0.2 kg of phosphorus inputs and 7,487.9 ± 3.1 kg of nitrogen inputs to Swan Lake. Thus, pellet treatment would increase the Carlson's trophic state index (TSI) values from 20.8 to 27.7 for total phosphorus and from 22.1 to 26.2 for total nitrogen. Based on a TSI threshold of less than 40 for an oligotrophic lake, the use of carcass analog pellets could be feasible for supplementing the gill-netting suppression of Lake Trout in Swan Lake.
Carboxylic acid catalysis on the imine formation versus aza‐Michael reaction in apolar aprotic solvent
Authors: Rufino Virginia C. , Pliego Josefredo R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe reaction between primary amine and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones can produce α,β‐unsaturated imines or aza‐Michael products. However, a theoretical reaction mechanism with the corresponding free energy profile compatible with experimental kinetics in aprotic apolar solvents has not been reported yet. In this work, we have used theoretical calculations to investigate the mechanism behind the 1,2‐addition and 1,4‐addition of benzylamine (BnNH2) to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) in toluene solution. The calculation of the free energy profile was followed by a microkinetic analysis. According to our results, the experimentally observed formation of the aza‐Michael product is due to more favorable kinetics of the nucleophilic attack of the BnNH2 to the β‐carbon of s‐cis conformation of MVK. Furthermore, acetic acid can be present in MVK as a stabilizer. This contaminant catalyzes the transfer of protons for the formation of the aza‐Michael product and can also catalyze the imine formation. The present analysis indicates that catalysts for proton transfer are essential for the reaction to proceed in aprotic solvent and explain the use of carboxylic acids as an additive in aza‐Michael reactions. In the case of acetic acid, this species has a powerful catalytic effect, which explains why even a trace amount is enough for catalysis. A higher concentration of acetic acid could in principle favor the imine mechanism. However, a high concentration of acetic acid leads to the dimerization of this species, producing a low concentration of the free acid and limiting its ability to produce competitive kinetics for imine formation.
Effects of nitrogen deposition on carbon allocation between wood and leaves in temperate forests
Authors: Gao Meixia , Zhu Feifei , Hobbie Erik A. , Zhu Weixing , Li Shanlong , Gurmesa Geshere A. , Wang Ang , Fang Xiaoming , Zhu Jiaojun , Gundersen Per , Huang Kai , Wu Zhou , Fang Yunting 
Published: November 2022

Societal Impact StatementIncreasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition represents a major global change factor, but its long‐term effect on tree growth and carbon (C) sequestration remains uncertain. Our manipulation experiment and meta‐analysis reveal that N deposition in temperate and boreal forests promoted tree growth and the allocation of more C into wood than into leaves in China and worldwide. Thus, N deposition may increase forest C sequestration through enhanced wood production and distribution of C into stable sinks. In the context of achieving “Carbon Neutrality,” understanding how N deposition affect long‐term forest C sinks will help us with mitigation strategies under climate change.Summary

Increased nitrogen (N) deposition is driving many temperate and boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere towards N saturation. However, it is uncertain how long‐term N deposition affects tree growth and carbon (C) allocation in these forests.
To investigate this, we treated temperate larch and mixed forests in northeastern China with N additions for 8 years. In addition, we collected data from 25 N‐addition experiments in temperate and boreal forests worldwide to reveal the overall effects of N on tree growth and C allocation.
Nitrogen additions significantly promoted total biomass increment by 24% in both study forests, with on average additional 8 kg C per kg N gain into woody biomass over the study period. Nitrogen additions increased the ratio of woody biomass increment to foliage litterfall production in the larch forest (by 34%). Literature data analysis also revealed greater N promotion on wood (24%) over foliage (9%) production. However, the positive effect on foliage diminished over time.
These results combined imply that N deposition may promote tree growth in temperate and boreal regions and drive proportionally more photosynthate allocation into wood than leaves, thus may enhance forest C sequestration in the long run.
Risk factors for recurrent respiratory tract infections and acute respiratory failure in children with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Guo Wenhui , Meng Linghui , Cao Ling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAssessment of and intervention for sleep‐disordered breathing and malnutrition are related to the prevention of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) and acute respiratory failure (ARF) in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). However, specific standards for sleep‐disordered breathing and malnutrition in the prevention of RRTIs and ARF have not been clarified.PurposeThe study aimed to identify the risk factors and predictive indices for RRTIs and/or ARF in children with SMA.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without RRTIs and ARF were compared, and binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. The optimal cutoff points for positive predictors were obtained.ResultsSMA type 1 (odds ratio (OR) = 5.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–18.17, p = 0.010) and the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.24, p = 0.026) were risk factors, while the body mass index z score (BMIz) (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46–0.91, p = 0.013) and mean pulse oxygen saturation (MSpO2) (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–1.00, p = 0.049) were protective factors. A standard consisting of (i) MSpO2 < 96% and (ii) AHI > 10 events/h and/or BMIz < ‐1 predicted the occurrence of RRTIs and/or ARF in the next year with a sensitivity of 0.513 and a specificity of 0.957.ConclusionSMA type 1, BMIz, AHI and MSpO2 should be used to estimate the risk of RRTI and/or ARF in children with SMA. MSpO2 < 96% combined with AHI > 10 events/h or BMIz < ‐1 should be used as the intervention standard.
Building Academic Resilience in Literacy: Digital Reading Practices and Motivational and Cognitive Engagement
Authors: Jang Eunjee , Seo Young S. , Brutt‐Griffler Janina 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIn this study, we used an academic resilience framework to explore how adolescents from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds overcame adversity and achieved high levels of reading proficiency. Our main aim was to investigate whether digital reading practices and reading engagement (reading motivation and metacognitive strategies) could act as protective factors, individually and collectively, promoting academic resilience among students with low SES. We conducted a multi‐group structural equation model analysis with serial mediators to identify the characteristics of resilient students and their resilience pathways. We used a nationally representative sample of US adolescents from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 data. The results indicated that engaged readers—internally motivated and strategic—were resilient readers. Reading engagement was a source of resilience and helped them achieve high proficiency in reading as a consequence. Reading motivation and metacognitive strategies worked in tandem and sequentially to build resilient and strong readers and were also important mechanisms for linking digital reading practices to reading achievement. We thus highlight simultaneous motivational and strategic development in reading for low‐SES students. It is particularly critical to increase students' overall level of reading motivation and to strengthen its pathways to metacognitive strategies and reading achievement. This process would be enhanced further by incorporating digital reading practices into instruction for engaged reading. Digital reading was related to reading motivation, and then to better awareness of metacognitive strategies, which in turn was shown to be linked to increased reading achievement for all students.
Irrigation water use efficiency: A water balance approach
Authors: Reinders Felix B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIrrigated agriculture plays a major role in the livelihoods of nations all over the world and with the agricultural water use sector being the largest of all water use sectors, there have been increased expectations that the sector should increase efficiency. Irrigation efficiency should be assessed by applying a water balance and the purpose of an irrigation system is to apply the desired amount of water, at the correct application rate and uniformly to the whole field, at the right time, with the least amount of nonbeneficial water consumption (losses), and as economically as possible. The fraction of the water abstracted from the source that can be utilized by the plant, can be called the beneficial water use component, and optimized irrigation water supply is therefore aimed at maximizing this component. A water use framework that covers four levels of water management infrastructure: the water source, bulk conveyance system, the irrigation scheme, and the irrigation farm can be used to improve irrigation efficiency. The water balance approach can be applied at any level, within defined boundaries, or across all levels to assess performance within the whole Water Management Area.
Local context and post‐crisis social venture creation
Authors: Anokhin Sergey , Morgan Todd , Jones Christensen Lisa , Schulze William 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch summaryWe investigate the effects of local market and government failure on the creation of social ventures in the context of post‐crisis recovery during the period following the dot‐com crisis and ending before the housing bubble burst across all Ohio counties. Drawing on social embeddedness theory, we posit that social venture creation rates vary across local contexts and are higher in communities characterized by market and government failures. Longitudinal contextual data from 88 Ohio counties indicates that situations characterized by failures of both types are especially conducive to the creation of local social enterprises. We address the shortage of longitudinal quantitative studies focused on the emergence of social entrepreneurship and identify conditions where the relationship between local context and social venture creation is important.Managerial summaryThe purpose of this article is to examine how local context affects the rate of social venture creation in the United States. We study these rates in every county in Ohio in the aftermath of a crisis and find that local government responses and local market conditions singly and in combination lead to increased rates of local social venture creation. Fewer social ventures emerge when transfer (welfare) payments are high. However, rates rise in response to high unemployment, even when welfare payments are high, and are greater when welfare payments are low. This means the extent and type of local market and government failures influence the rate of local social venture creation. Findings advance the study of domestic social entrepreneurship in the aftermath of crises.
Reusable Plasma‐Sprayed Transition Metal Oxide Catalyst for Catalytic Wet Oxidation of Organic Waste
Authors: Sarkar Subhasree Bhaskar , Matthews Steven J. , Jones Mark I. , Baroutian Saeid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCatalytic wet oxidation (CWO) is an efficient and environmentally friendly method for decomposing organic wastes. This work uses transition metal oxide powders of FeO, MnO2, NiO and the novel mixed oxide Co1.5Mn1.5O4, for plasma‐spraying on stainless‐steel substrates to prepare catalyst plates. These catalysts were used to treat d‐glucose as a model compound for organic waste, using CWO process reactions at temperatures from 150 °C to 170 °C and in the presence of oxygen (20 bar and 40 bar). The catalysts were pre‐oxidised to their suitable phases for better catalytic activity. The plasma‐sprayed Fe2O3 catalysts showed the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 72 %. At high reaction severity the catalyst performances were similar improving the overall performance compared to non‐catalytic wet oxidation reactions. Plasma‐sprayed Fe2O3 was found to be the best catalyst for future CWO trials due to its ability to withstand the reaction severity and acetic acid production.
Does CEO emotion matter? CEO affectivity and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Wang Linlin , Lin Ya , Jiang Wan , Yang Haibin , Zhao Huazhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWhile prior research has generated meaningful insights into the antecedents of firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR), little attention has been devoted to examining the influence of CEO affectivity—a relatively stable tendency to experience positive or negative emotions. This study explores how CEO positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) may be related to firms' CSR activities. Specifically, we contend that CEO PA is positively related to CSR, whereas CEO NA is negatively related to CSR. We further investigate how CEO social capital may moderate the relationship between CEO affectivity and CSR. Our results support our hypotheses, suggesting the unique role of CEO emotions in CSR research.Managerial SummaryDoes CEO emotion affect firms' CSR activities? Our study finds that CEO PA increases a firm's engagement in CSR, while CEO NA decreases a firm's engagement in CSR. The above relationships are also subject to the influence of CEO social capital. Our findings suggest that CEOs should be aware of how their affective tendencies can influence their firm's CSR strategy and consider avenues to utilize emotional influence advantageously while avoiding potential affective bias.
Amphiphilic Metallodrug Assemblies with Red‐Light‐Enhanced Cellular Internalization and Tumor Penetration for Anticancer Phototherapy
Authors: Zeng Xiaolong , Wang Yufei , Huang Yun‐Shuai , Han Jianxiong , Sun Wen , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Liang Xing‐Jie , Wu Si 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetallodrugs are widely used in cancer treatment. The modification of metallodrugs with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) prolongs blood circulation and improves drug accumulation in tumors; it represents a general strategy for drug delivery. However, PEGylation hinders cellular internalization and tumor penetration, which reduce therapeutic efficacy. Herein, the red‐light‐enhanced cellular internalization and tumor penetration of a PEGylated anticancer agent, PEGylated Ru complex (Ru‐PEG), are reported upon. Ru‐PEG contains a red‐light‐cleavable PEG ligand, anticancer Ru complex moiety, and fluorescent pyrene group for imaging and self‐assembly. Ru‐PEG self‐assembles into vesicles that circulate in the bloodstream and accumulate in the tumors. Red‐light irradiation induces dePEGylation and changes the Ru‐PEG vesicles to large compound micelles with smaller diameters and higher zeta potentials, which enhance tumor penetration and cellular internalization. Red‐light irradiation also generates intracellular 1O2, which induces the death of cancer cells. This work presents a new strategy to enhance the cellular internalization and tumor penetration of anticancer agents for efficient phototherapy.
Molecular Oligomerization and Donor Engineering Strategies for Achieving Superior NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging and Thermotherapy under 1064 nm Laser Irradiation
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Xiong Yanwei , Gao Yicong , Xu Xingpeng , Chen Kai , Shen Qingming , Huang Wei , Fan Quli , Wang Qi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn enormous challenge still exists for designing molecules with the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) window absorption, NIR‐II fluorescence emission, and batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, which is the premise for high‐performance NIR‐II phototheranostics. Although organic small molecules and polymers have been largely explored for phototheranostics, it is difficult to satisfy the above three elements simultaneously. In this work, molecular oligomerization (the general structure is S‐D‐A‐D′‐A‐D‐S) and donor engineering (changing the donor linker D') strategies are applied to design phototheranostic agents. Such strategies are proved to be efficient in adjusting molecular configuration and energy level, affecting the optical and thermal properties. Three oligomers (O–T, O–DT, and O–Q) are further prepared into water‐soluble nanoparticles (NPs). Particularly, the O‐T NPs exhibit a higher molar extinction coefficient at 1064 nm (≈4.3‐fold of O‐DT NPs and ≈4.8‐fold of O‐Q NPs). Furthermore, the O–T NPs show the highest NIR‐II fluorescence brightness and heating capacity (PCE = 73%) among the three NPs under 1064 nm laser irradiation and served as agents for NIR‐II imaging guided in vivo photothermal therapy. Overall, by using molecular oligomerization and donor engineering strategies, a powerful example of constructing high‐performance NIR‐II phototheranostics for clinical translation is given.
Robotic large‐area optical biopsy imaging for automated detection of gastrointestinal cancers tested in tissue phantoms and ex vivo porcine bowel
Authors: Avila‐Rencoret Fernando B. , Mylonas George P. , Elson Daniel S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal endoscopy is a subjective procedure that frequently requires tissue samples for diagnosis. Contact optical biopsy (OB) techniques have the aim of providing direct diagnosis of endoscopic areas without excising tissue samples but lack the wide‐area coverage required for locating and resecting lesions. This article presents a large‐area robotically deployed OB imaging platform for endoscopic detection of colorectal cancer as an add‐on for conventional endoscopes. In vitro, in silicon colon phantoms, the platform achieves an optical resolution of 0.5 line pairs per millimeter, while resolving simulated cancer lesions down to 0.75 mm diameter across large‐area images (55‐103 cm2). Large‐area OB images were generated in an ex vivo porcine colon. The platform allows centimeter‐sized large‐area OB imaging in vitro and ex vivo with submillimeter resolution, including automatic data segmentation of simulated cancer areas. The ability for robotic actuation and spectrum collection is also shown for ex vivo animal colon. If successful, this technology could widen access to user‐independent high‐quality endoscopy and early detection of gastrointestinal cancers.
Protective mechanism of ferulic acid against neomycin‐induced ototoxicity in zebrafish
Authors: Cheng Hsin‐Lin , Lee Shan‐Chih , Chang‐Chien Ju , Su Tzu‐Rong , Yang Jiann‐Jou , Su Ching‐Chyuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOtotoxicity refers to damage of sensory hair cells and functional hearing impairment following aminoglycosides exposure. Previously, we have determined that ferulic acid (FA) protected hair cells against serial concentrations of neomycin‐induced ototoxic damage. The aim of the present study is to assess the mechanism and effects of FA on neomycin‐induced hair cells loss and impact on mechanosensory‐mediated behaviors alteration using transgenic zebrafish (pvalb3b: TagGFP). We first identified the optimal protective condition as pre/co‐treatment method in early fish development. Pretreatment of the larvae with FA significantly protected against neomycin‐induced hair cells loss through preventing neomycin passed through the cytoplasm of hair cells, and subsequently decreased reactive oxygen species production and TUNEL signals in 4 day post‐fertilization (dpf) transgenic zebrafish larvae. Moreover, preservation of functional hair cells correlated directly with rescue of the altered swimming behavior, indicates FA pretreatment protects against neomycin ototoxic damage in 7‐dpf transgenic zebrafish larvae. Together, our findings unravel the otoprotective role of FA as an effective agent against neomycin‐induced ototoxic effects and offering the theoretical foundation for discovering novel candidates for hearing protection.