bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for acute mental health symptoms and tobacco initiation in Coast Guard Responders to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Wang Jeanny H. , Denic‐Roberts Hristina , Goodie Jeffrey L. , Thomas Dana L. , Engel Lawrence S. , Rusiecki Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcute mental health symptoms experienced during oil spill response work are understudied, especially among nonlocal responders. We assessed potential risk factors for acute mental health symptoms and tobacco initiation among U.S. Coast Guard responders to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill who completed a deployment exit survey. Cross‐sectional associations among responder characteristics, deployment‐related stressors (deployment duration, timing, crude oil exposure, physical symptoms, injuries), and professional help‐seeking for stressors experienced with concurrent depression/anxiety and tobacco initiation were examined. Log‐binomial regression was used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals. Sensitivity analyses excluded responders with a history of mental health conditions using health encounter data from the Military Health System Data Repository. Of the 4,855 responders, 75.5% were deployed from nonlocal/non‐Gulf home stations, 5.8% reported concurrent depression and anxiety, and 2.8% reported the initiation of any tobacco product during oil spill response. Self‐report of concurrent depression and anxiety was more prevalent among female responders and positively associated with longer deployments, crude oil exposure via inhalation, physical symptoms and injuries, and professional help–seeking during deployment, aPRs = 1.54–6.55. Tobacco initiation was inversely associated with older age and officer rank and positively associated with deployment‐related stressors and depression/anxiety during deployment, aPRs = 1.58–4.44. Associations remained robust after excluding responders with a history of mental health– and tobacco–related health encounters up to 3 years before deployment. Depression, anxiety, and tobacco initiation were cross‐sectionally associated with oil spill response work experiences among DWH responders, who largely originated outside of the affected community.
Heavy metal(loid)s in farmland soils on the Karst Plateau, Southwest China: An integrated analysis of geochemical baselines, source apportionment, and associated health risk
Authors: Han Jialiang , Liang Longchao , Zhu Yaru , Xu Xiaohang , Wang Le , Shang Lihai , Wu Pan , Wu Qixin , Qian Xiaoli , Qiu Guangle , Feng Xinbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Karst Plateau is characterized by elevated heavy metals (HM), the farmland soils in the Karst Plateau area is especially vulnerable to HM pollution. To cope with soil HM pollution and conduct precaution in Karst Plateau, the key bottleneck is to understand the pollution levels, sources, and priority‐control of HM. Hence, geochemical baselines of HM in farmland soils were established to accurately evaluate the pollution characteristics. Pollution sources were identified with multivariate statistics, geostatistical methods, and receptor models. Priority‐control of HM were distinguished via health assessments with a Monte Carlo simulation. A remarkable accumulation of Pb, Sb, Zn, As, and Cd was observed. Hotspots of As, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Zn clustered in the southwestern region of Hezhang. Pb–Zn related activities, cement product activities, coal mining, and coal combustion were dominant sources. Both noncarcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk followed the order: children>adult females>adult males. As, Cd, and Pb were found to be priority contaminants in farmland soils in Hezhang.
Soil water movement differences relating to banana (Musa nana Lour.) plantation regime
Authors: Zhang Wanjun , Zhu Xiai , Ji Shuoyang , Chen Chunfeng , Zeng Huanhuan , Zou Xin , Yang Bin , Jiang Xiaojin , Liu Wenjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe long‐term cultivation of banana crops (Musa nana Lour.) has caused improper utilization of soil and water resources. However, the effect of the banana plantation regime on soil water flow pattern is still poorly understood. This study focused on the dominant pattern of soil water movement in the 1‐year (B1) and 4‐year (B2) old banana plantations. The results showed that: (1) the soil physical properties showed variability with soil depths, especially obvious changes from surface to 40 cm depth, which had restriction on soil infiltration in different depths. (2) The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) decreased with the increasing distance from the banana stem. Moreover, the Ks in the B2 plot increased by 65.5% compared to the B1 plot at the soil layer 0–20 cm. (3) Preferential flow was the main path of soil water transport and was significantly influenced by soil bulk density, porosity, and root systems. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that banana root biomass was the most prominent factor influencing the dyed area. (4) The soil infiltrability and the preferential flow degree of both B1 and B2 plots were stronger in the root zone than those in the non‐root zone. Such results were attributed to the root systems around the banana stem that were more developed than those far away from the stem (more accurately pseudostems); a large number of pore channels formed around the root systems that promoted the preferential flow. Or results suggest that banana root was the important factor affecting soil water movement. The improvement in the root network of banana plantation regime can result in better soil physical properties. This knowledge will be vital for the sustainable cultivation and irrigation of banana crops.
Fabrication of Silver Nanoclusters and Nanocomposite Films Based on Coordinated Electrodeposition of Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Authors: Li Duanming , Wang Kanglong , Liu Jun , Yang Yan , Chen Zongming , Xu Zequan , Chen Yanjun , Wang Yifeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHere, a facile and green approach based on the coordinated electrodeposition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is developed to fabricate silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) and AgNCs/CMC nanocomposite films. In the approach, CMC not only serves as the electrodeposition polysaccharide, but also acts as the stabilizing agent and reducing agent for the synthesis of AgNCs, as well as the major component in the resulting AgNCs/CMC nanocomposite film. After the electrodeposition and incubation, a homogeneous and smooth film is generated on the anodic electrode, which exhibits a clear yellow florescence. Transmission electron microscopy observation shows that there are nanoparticles with the average size of 1.7 nm in the nanocomposite film. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy both confirm that there are AgNCs in the nanocomposite film. The AgNCs/CMC nanocomposite film shows the capability for fluorescence detection by using the fluorescence quenching features of AgNCs. Moreover, the AgNCs/CMC‐modified electrode can be conveniently and directly produced, which presents potential applications for electrochemical biosensors. Thus, this study provides a novel approach for the green synthesis of AgNCs and direct fabrication of the AgNCs/CMC nanocomposite film, which can be promisingly applied for constructing functional nanocomposites and advanced biodevices.
The clinical utility of a risk‐modifying SNP to detect carriers for spinal muscular atrophy with increased sensitivity
Authors: Ware Gardenier , Miller Cecelia , Jones Dan , Avenarius Matthew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease caused by biallelic inactivation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. With a prevalence of ~1 in 11,000 live births (carrier frequency of ~1:50), SMA is one of the most common severe childhood‐onset diseases; therefore, current guidelines recommend pan‐ethnic carrier screening for SMA before or during pregnancy.Routine SMN1 copy number assessment detects ~96% of all SMA carriers, but not the remaining 4% who harbor two copies of SMN1 arrayed in ‐cis [2 + 0]. The c.*3+80T>G risk‐modifying SNP positively correlates with this chromosomal configuration and may be used to modify the residual risk of being a carrier for SMA.MethodsOne year after incorporating the detection of the c.*3+80>G risk‐modifying SNP into our routine SMA carrier screen, we perform a retrospective chart review to evaluate its frequency and utilization in the prenatal clinic.ResultsIn comparison with classic carriers for SMA, study data show that individuals with two copies of SMN1 and the risk modifier were counseled less frequently about their increased risk of being a carrier for SMA.ConclusionIncorporating the c.*3+80T>G risk‐modifying SNP is important for detecting carriers for SMA with a higher clinical sensitivity.
Novel and recurrent nuclear gene variations in a cohort of Chinese progressive external ophthalmoplegia patients with multiple mtDNA deletions
Authors: Hou Yue , Zhao Xutong , Xie Zhiying , Yu Meng , Lv He , Zhang Wei , Yuan Yun , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic spectrum in Chinese patients with multiple mtDNA deletions presenting with autosomal‐inherited mitochondrial progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO).MethodsLong‐range polymerase chain reaction and massively parallel sequencing of the mitochondrial genome were performed to detect deletions in muscle mtDNA of 274 unrelated families. Then, targeted next generation sequencing was used to detect nuclear gene variations in patients with multiple mtDNA deletions.ResultsA total of 40 Chinese PEO patients (10 males and 30 females) from 20 families were found to have multiple mtDNA deletions in this study, and the median age at onset was 35 (1–70) years. PEO and positive family history were the two prominent features of these patients, and ataxia, neuropathy, and hypogonadism were also present as onset symptoms in some patients. Fifteen of 20 probands with multiple mtDNA deletions were identified to carry nuclear gene variants; eight (40.0%) probands had variants within POLG, two (10.0%) within TWNK, two (10.0%) within RRM2B, two (10.0%) within TK2, and one (5.0%) within POLG2. A total of 24 variants were found in these five nuclear genes, of which 19 were novel. The causal nuclear genetic factors in five pedigrees remain undetermined.ConclusionsThe POLG gene is the most common disease‐causing gene in this group of PEO patients with multiple mtDNA deletions. While inherited PEO is the most prominent symptoms in these patients, genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity still exist, for example in onset age, initial symptoms, and accompanying manifestations.
Ultrafast imaging for uncovering laser–material interaction dynamics
Authors: Wang Du , Wei Shubin , Yuan Xiandan , Liu Zhiyuan , Weng Yueyun , Zhou Yuqi , Xiao Ting‐Hui , Goda Keisuke , Liu Sheng , Lei Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe physical mechanism of the dynamics in laser–material interaction has been an important research area. In addition to theoretical analysis, direct imaging‐based observation of ultrafast dynamic processes is an important approach to understand many fundamental issues in laser–material interaction such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF), laser accelerator construction, and advanced laser production. In this review, the principles and applications of three types of commonly used ultrafast imaging methods are introduced, including the pump–probe, X‐ray diagnosis, and single‐shot optical burst imaging. We focus on the technical features such as the spatial and temporal resolution for each technique, and present several conventional applications.
Unusual find of osteolytic lesion on skeleton from the Middle Bronze Age—Possible case of peritoneal abscess
Authors: Vargová Lenka , Horáčková Ladislava , Šabatová Klára , Jarošová Ivana , Trampota František , Němečková Alena , Baldovič Marian , Patlevičová Andrea , Vymazalová Kateřina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring rescue archeological excavation in 2018, the skeletal remains of a young male with an unusually large and rare lytic focus in the right iliac fossa, dating to the Middle Bronze Age, were found at the Mikulov site (Czech Republic). The presented communication considers various diseases that could be the cause of this pathological condition (tuberculosis, syphilis, mycosis, parasitic diseases, tumors, peritoneal abscess). The examination methods used in this case were macroscopic examination, radiological, histological, and genetic analyses. Differential diagnosis helps us to focus upon the most likely etiologies, and in our opinion, we feel this erosive lesion was probably caused by inflammation from a peritoneal abscess associated with chronic appendicitis.
Selumetinib for symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1: A national real‐world case series
Authors: Coltin Hallie , Perreault Sébastien , Larouche Valérie , Black Karina , Wilson Bev , Vanan Magimairajan Issai , Gupta Abha A. , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Parkin Patricia C. , Bouffet Eric , Ramaswamy Vijay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1‐associated plexiform neurofibromas can cause debilitating symptoms and be life threatening. Treatment options are limited, given their tendency to regrow following surgery and their propensity to transform into malignant tumours following radiation. Selumetinib is an oral selective inhibitor of RAS‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 and 2, which has shown efficacy for tumour shrinkage/stabilisation and symptom improvement. We report a national case series of 19 children treated with selumetinib. All patients experienced symptom improvement or stabilisation with an acceptable toxicity profile, including those patients previously treated with trametinib. This real‐world experience confirms previous trials showing significant clinical benefit for this patient population.
Tribological behavior of zinc oxide‐hydroxyapatite particulates filled dental restorative composite materials
Authors: Yadav Ramkumar , Meena Anoj , Patnaik Amar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective of the current study was to examine the tribological behavior of micro‐nano particulates filled dental restorative composite material. The dental composite was composed by organic and inorganic materials with different ratio. Nano hydroxyapatite filler was introduced with a step of 2 wt% up to 8 wt%, and zinc oxide was constant (20 wt%). The sliding wear test was performed on the pin‐on‐disc friction & wear test rig. In steady‐state wear conditions, a decreasing trend of specific‐wear‐rate was observed when the load was varied, while an increasing trend of specific‐wear‐rate was found when sliding velocity and time were varied. As per Taguchi design, the dental composite incorporated of 8 wt% nano‐hydroxyapatite at a normal load of 40 N and a sliding speed of 120 RPM and 23 min exhibits a minimum specific‐wear‐rate. As per ANOVA analysis, load and filler show a considerable effect on the specific‐wear‐rate of the DHZ dental samples, although sliding speed and time show a less significant contribution to the specific‐wear‐rate of the DHZ dental samples.
Synergetic impacts of two rigid nano‐scale inclusions on the mechanical and thermal performance of POM/carbon black/CaCO3 ternary nanocomposite systems
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Rasool , Soudmand Behzad H. , Shelesh‐Nezhad Karim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present contribution, the mechanical and thermal characteristics of polyoxymethylene (POM)/carbon black (CB)/CaCO3 (NCC) ternary nanocomposites were assessed through mechanical tests and morphological observations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicated the uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the matrix. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed a promotion of elastic response and lower energy dissipation in ternary nanocomposites against neat POM and single‐filled POM/CB samples. Tensile strength results showed the increase of tensile modulus and strength by 27% and 8% for the ternary nanocomposite compared to binary POM/CB. Flexural and impact properties were also enhanced with the inclusion of NCC as a second rigid phase. SEM observations of impact‐fractured surfaces at high magnifications revealed full and partial debonding of nanoparticles from the matrix and consequent cavitation in the matrix, which mainly contributed to impact toughening. Hashin‐Shtrikman model was employed to analyze its efficiency to predict Young's modulus of ternary nanocomposite systems.
Investigation on the dynamic behavior of composite gradient double‐arrow auxetic structure under local impact load
Authors: Zeng Wei , Ao Yaoliang , Yu Sheng , Liu Jiayi , Liu Jingxi , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on the design concept of functionally graded materials, the composite gradient double‐arrow auxetic structures were designed and fabricated. The thickness of core layers demonstrates an increasing trend for positive gradient structure, while a decreasing trend for negative gradient structure. The thickness of core layers keeps constant for homogeneous structure. The dynamic response and failure modes of the double‐arrow auxetic structure with different gradient distributions of wall thickness were obtained by foam projectile impact experiments. The influence of the gradient distribution of core wall thickness on the impact resistance of composite double‐arrow auxetic structures under local impact load was investigated. The results demonstrated that the gradient distribution of core wall thickness has an important influence on the dynamic response and failure modes of the structure. The negative gradient auxetic structure revealed more excellent impact resistance compared with the positive gradient auxetic structure. In addition, the response of the gradient double‐arrow auxetic structure under local impact load was simulated by ABAQUS/Explicit, and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Combined with the experimental and numerical simulation results, it was found that the negative gradient distribution of core wall thickness had an obvious improvement on the impact resistance of composite double‐arrow auxetic structure under local impact load.
Back Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 4
Authors: Yuan Ting , Wang Zhengxing , Liu Dan , Zeng Huanan , Liang Juncheng , Hu Deyu , Gan Xiuhai 
Published: March 2022

The back cover image is based on the Research Article Ferulic acid derivatives with piperazine moiety as potential antiviral agents by Ting Yuan et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6794.image
High temperature exposure reduces the susceptibility of Helicoverpa armigera to its nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) by enhancing expression of heat shock proteins
Authors: Shen Zhong‐Jian , Liu Yan‐Jun , Cheng Jie , Li Zhen , Michaud J.P. , Liu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh temperatures will occur more frequently with global warming, with potential impacts on the efficacy of biological control agents. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced by high temperature, but their possible roles in pest resistance to entomopathogens remain unexplored. We investigated the effects of high temperature (35 °C) on Helicoverpa armigera resistance to H. armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) and the putative roles of HSPs in this process.RESULTSEven short periods (24 h) of high temperature (35 °C) reduced mortality in HearNPV‐infected H. armigera larvae. Sustained 35 °C exposure significantly shortened developmental time, and increased fresh weight and locomotor activity in infected larvae. Moreover, high temperature inhibited virus replication and thickened the epidermis of H. armigera, resulting in reduced spread of infection from cadavers. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that expression of 11 HSP genes was altered by the 35 °C treatment, and that mostly small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes were up‐regulated, the same sHSPs were induced when larvae were infected with HearNPV. Finally, RNA interference (RNAi) suppression of these sHSPs showed that only Hsp24.91 and Hsp21.8 diminished H. armigera defensive responses to HearNPV infection.CONCLUSIONEven short periods of exposure to high temperature can significantly reduce susceptibility of H. armigera larvae to HearNPV by stimulating the production of sHSPs which enhance immune responses, with important implications for the use of entomopathogens as biological control agents under global warming scenarios. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Isotopically characterised N2O reference materials for use as community standards
Authors: Mohn Joachim , Biasi Christina , Bodé Samuel , Boeckx Pascal , Brewer Paul J. , Eggleston Sarah , Geilmann Heike , Guillevic Myriam , Kaiser Jan , Kantnerová Kristýna , Moossen Heiko , Müller Joanna , Nakagawa Mayuko , Pearce Ruth , von Rein Isabell , Steger David , Toyoda Sakae , Wanek Wolfgang , Wexler Sarah K. , Yoshida Naohiro , Yu Longfei 
Published: March 2022

RationaleInformation on the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide (N2O) at natural abundance supports the identification of its source and sink processes. In recent years, a number of mass spectrometric and laser spectroscopic techniques have been developed and are increasingly used by the research community. Advances in this active research area, however, critically depend on the availability of suitable N2O isotope Reference Materials (RMs).MethodsWithin the project Metrology for Stable Isotope Reference Standards (SIRS), seven pure N2O isotope RMs have been developed and their 15N/14N, 18O/16O, 17O/16O ratios and 15N site preference (SP) have been analysed by specialised laboratories against isotope reference materials. A particular focus was on the 15N site‐specific isotopic composition, as this measurand is both highly diagnostic for source appointment and challenging to analyse and link to existing scales.ResultsThe established N2O isotope RMs offer a wide spread in delta (δ) values: δ15N: 0 to +104‰, δ18O: +39 to +155‰, and δ15NSP: −4 to +20‰. Conversion and uncertainty propagation of δ15N and δ18O to the Air‐N2 and VSMOW scales, respectively, provides robust estimates for δ15N(N2O) and δ18O(N2O), with overall uncertainties of about 0.05‰ and 0.15‰, respectively. For δ15NSP, an offset of >1.5‰ compared with earlier calibration approaches was detected, which should be revisited in the future.ConclusionsA set of seven N2O isotope RMs anchored to the international isotope‐ratio scales was developed that will promote the implementation of the recommended two‐point calibration approach. Particularly, the availability of δ17O data for N2O RMs is expected to improve data quality/correction algorithms with respect to δ15NSP and δ15N analysis by mass spectrometry. We anticipate that the N2O isotope RMs will enhance compatibility between laboratories and accelerate research progress in this emerging field.