bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moralische Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden – Vergleich
zwischen Studierenden des ersten Semesters und des Praktischen
Jahres
Authors: Timm Susanna , Westhoff Martin Schulze , Heck Johannes , Jahn Kirsten , Groh Adrian , Opfermann Birgitt , Bleich Stefan , Heberlein Annemarie 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Neben der Vermittlung von theoretischen und
klinisch-praktischen Fähigkeiten sollte die Weiterentwicklung der
individuellen moralischen Kompetenz ein weiteres Kernanliegen im Studium der
Humanmedizin sein. Untersuchungen zeigen allerdings, dass die moralische
Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden im Verlauf des Studiums stagniert oder sogar
abnimmt. Die vorliegende Querschnittstudie untersuchte daher die moralische
Kompetenz von Medizinstudierenden zu Beginn des Studiums (d. h. im
ersten Fachsemester) sowie im Praktischen Jahr (PJ) sowie die Auswirkungen von
Testosteron als Neurohormon auf die moralische Urteilsfähigkeit.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer Querschnittstudie wurden mittels des Moralischen
Kompetenz Tests (MKT) nach Lind die moralische Urteilsfähigkeit von 24
Erstsemesterstudierenden und 16 PJ-Studierenden der Medizinischen Hochschule
Hannover erfasst und ausgewertet. Der Testosteron-Serumspiegel der
Studienteilnehmenden wurde statistisch in Beziehung zu den MKT-Ergebnissen
gesetzt.
Ergebnisse Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen
Erstsemester- (Mittelwert (M)±Standardabweichung (SD):
13,16±8,21) und PJ-Studierenden (M±SD: 11,24±8,07) im
Hinblick auf die mittels des MKT gemessene moralische Kompetenz
(p=0,36). Ein höherer Testosteron-Serumspiegel zeigte keine
statistisch signifikante Korrelation mit der moralischen Kompetenz
(r=–0,09, p=0,58).
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen keinen klaren Trend, ob die
moralische Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden in fortgeschrittenen
Studiensemestern geringer ist als zu Beginn des Studiums und ob die moralische
Kompetenz durch das Neurohormon Testosteron beeinflusst wird. Dennoch erscheint
es sinnvoll, moralische Kompetenztrainings für Medizinstudierende
frühzeitig, kontinuierlich und möglichst individuell gestaltet
während des Medizinstudiums zu implementieren (und in
weiterführenden Untersuchungen zu evaluieren), um einer Stagnation bzw.
Rückentwicklung der moralischen Urteilsfähigkeit
präventiv zu begegnen.
Knockdown of Endogenous Nucb2/Nesfatin-1 in the PVN Leads to
Obese-Like Phenotype and Abolishes the Metformin- and Stress-Induced Thermogenic
Response in Rats
Authors: Stephan Daniel , Taege Natalie , Dore Riccardo , Folberth Julica , Jöhren Olaf , Schwaninger Markus , Lehnert Hendrik , Schulz Carla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNesfatin-1, the cleavage product of nucleobindin-2, is an anorexigenic peptide
and major regulator of energy homeostasis. Beyond reducing food intake and
increasing energy expenditure, it is also involved in regulating the stress
response. Interaction of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 and glucose
homeostasis has been observed and recent findings suggest a link between the
action of the antidiabetic drug metformin and the nesfatinergic system. Hence,
this study aimed to clarify the role of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in the
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in energy homeostasis as well as its
involvement in stress- and metformin-mediated changes in energy expenditure.
Knockdown of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in male Wistar rats led to
significantly increased food intake, body weight, and reduced energy expenditure
compared to controls. Nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 knockdown animals
developed an obese-like phenotype represented by significantly increased fat
mass and overall increase of circulating lipids. Concomitantly, expression of
nucleobindin-2 and melanocortin receptor type 3 and 4 mRNA in the
paraventricular nucleus was decreased indicating successful knockdown and
impairment at the level of the melanocortin system. Additionally, stress induced
activation of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly decreased in
nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 knockdown animals and accompanied by lower
adrenal weight. Finally, intracerebroventricular administration of metformin
significantly increased energy expenditure in controls and this effect was
absent in nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 knockdown animals. Overall, we
clarified the crucial role of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in the
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy
homeostasis. The nesfatinergic system was further identified as important
mediator in stress- and metformin-induced thermogenesis.
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Benzylic C(sp3)–H Amidation for the Synthesis of Isoindolinones
Authors: Zhao Huaiqing , Yang Darun , Xu Hongyan , Huang Decai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of N-unprotected isoindolinones via rhodium(III)-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)–H amidation of various 2-methyl-N-substituted benzamides is developed. This protocol employs a free amino acid l-alanine as a ligand, which could significantly increase the reactivity of rhodium catalyst.
Prospective Clinical Study with New Materials for Tissue Regeneration: A Study in Humans
Authors: Kollek Nathalie Jeannette , Pérez-Albacete Martínez Carlos , Granero Marín José Manuel , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective This study was performed to evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and histomorphometric outcomes of novel bone grafting materials and dental membranes and to compare the results with current data from the literature.
Materials and Methods New synthetic bone substitutes, consisting of biphasic calcium phosphate in the ratio of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% β-tricalcium phosphate, were applied in bony defects and covered by either a novel synthetic poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) or porcine collagen membrane. A sample of 51 biomaterials was placed in a total of 20 patients during different surgical protocols. Implants were simultaneously inserted, and in the case of sinus floor elevations 6 months later. Pre- and postoperative cone-beam computed tomographies were taken. Bone biopsies were harvested from augmented sides and processed for histomorphometric evaluation.
Statistical Analysis Averages and ranges were calculated for the percentage of newly formed bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. Data were submitted to analyze the radiological mean differences in length, width, and density. Paired t-tests were deployed for the analysis of differences within each group between the baseline (preoperative) and the final (postoperative) measurements.
Results The mean bone gain in length and width were 0.96 ± 3.33 mm (+27.59%) and 1.22 ± 1.87 mm (+30.48%), respectively. The bone density was increased by a factor of 4, reaching an average of 387.47 ± 328.86 HU. Histomorphometric evaluations revealed new bone formation of 41.44 ± 5.37%, residual biomaterial of 24.91 ± 7.31%, and connective tissue of 33.64 ± 4.81%. The mean healing period was 8.32 ± 3.00 months.
Conclusions Data from this study confirmed the suitability of the tested materials in dental surgery. The biomaterials may be recommended for various clinical procedures. A satisfactory level of increase of new bone was reported in augmented sides. No significant differences were observed between the tested membranes. PLGA membranes might be superior to collagen membranes for their easier handling.
Visualising key information and communication technologies (ICT) indicators for children and young individuals in Europe
Authors: Symeonaki Maria , Filandrianos George , Stamou Giorgos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDGmap is an online interactive tool that visualises indicators drawn from large-scale European and international databases reflecting the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) amongst children and young individuals in Europe. A large number of indicators are estimated and visualised on an interactive map revealing convergences and divergences amongst European countries. Apart from its main feature, that of facilitating users to observe discrepancies between countries, the map offers the potentiality of downloading or customising country reports, information concerning the estimation of the indices and their values as spreadsheets, while covering a period from 2015 and onwards. DGmap also allows users to examine the evolution of each indicator through time for each country individually. Thus, the presented tool is a dynamic and constantly updated application that can serve as a major source of information for those interested in the use of digital technologies by children, adolescents, and young people in Europe.
Microsolvation of electrons by a handful of ammonia molecules
Authors: Moreno Norberto , Hadad Cacier Z. , Restrepo Albeiro 
Published: October 2022

Microsolvation of electrons in ammonia is studied here via anionic NH3n− clusters with n = 2–6. Intensive samplings of the corresponding configurational spaces using second-order perturbation theory with extended basis sets uncover rich and complex energy landscapes, heavily populated by many local minima in tight energy windows as calculated from highly correlated coupled cluster methods. There is a marked energetical preference for structures that place the excess electron external to the molecular frame, effectively coordinating it with the three protons from a single ammonia molecule. Overall, as the clusters grow in size, the lowest energy dimer serves as the basic motif over which additional ammonia molecules are attached via unusually strong charge-assisted hydrogen bonds. This is a priori quite unexpected because, on electrostatic grounds, the excess electron would be expected to be in contact with as many protons as possible. Accordingly, a full quantum mechanical treatment of the bonding interactions under the tools provided by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules is carried out in order to dissect and understand the nature of intermolecular contacts. Vertical detachment energies reveal bound electrons even for n = 2.
Low budget gamma spectroscopy
Authors: Hoeling Barbara , Siegel P B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We describe gamma spectroscopy experiments with an NaI-detector for the student laboratory that can be carried out with moderate expense and without licensed radioactive sources. For calibration, thoriated welding rods and potassium chloride are used, both of which are freely available for purchase. In addition, lead shielding, a costly and hard to handle part of the equipment in radiation lab experiments, is not required. The students analyze the gamma radiation from bulk soil samples they collect themselves, making this a meaningful measurement and a radiation physics experiment accessible to everyone without the usual safety restrictions.
The mechanics of a cat landing from a drop
Authors: Challis John H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cats have a remarkable ability to survive drops from great heights. This ability is examined by considering the aerodynamics of the cat during a drop, and by examining the mechanics of the landing. For the landing the spring-like properties of the cat’s legs and the compliance of the landing surface are all modeled. The analysis shows that a combination of the reduction of landing velocity due to aerodynamics, the spring like properties of the cat’s legs, and the relationship between cat mass and bone diameter give cat’s the ability to survive drops from great heights. The analysis highlights how simple models exploiting mechanical principles can explain the survivability of falling cats.
Mean-field theory of the spin-1/2 transverse field Ising model with a negative thermal expansion
Authors: Rončík M , Balcerzak T , Szałowski K , Jaščur M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A generalized spin-1/2 transverse field Ising model with a negative thermal expansion of the lattice is introduced and investigated using standard methods of statistical mechanics. Besides the volume-dependent magnetic energy, the static lattice energy, and anharmonic Einstein phonon energy are also considered in calculations. Analytic relations for the Gibbs free energy, magnetic moments, and equations of state are obtained, taking into account a simple volume dependence of all energy contributions. The ground-state and finite-temperature phase diagrams are discussed in detail for the strong and weak magneto-elastic coupling. It is clearly demonstrated that the generalized spin-1/2 transverse field Ising model exhibits a novel critical behavior, due to the strong negative expansion of the lattice, which is controlled by the strength of magneto-elastic coupling. The presented approach can be easily modified to study also other magnetic and non-magnetic crystalline models of solids.
Possible realization of three-dimensional quantum spin liquid behavior in HoVO4
Authors: Ranaut Dheeraj , Shastri Shivprasad S , Pandey Sudhir K , Mukherjee K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study of geometrically frustrated magnetic systems with unusual crystal field ground states offers a possibility of realizing the new aspects of physics of disordered systems. In this study, we report our results of structural, magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity measurements, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations on HoVO4; a compound in which the presence of a distorted kind of HoO8 polyhedral leads to multiple magnetic interaction paths. The observed broad maximum below 10 K in the temperature response of DC susceptibility curves implies the presence of short-range correlations. AC susceptibility rules out the possibility of any kind of spin freezing. Temperature dependent heat capacity measurement at zero field indicate towards the absence of long-range ordering, along with the presence of a broad maximum centered around 14 K. The residual heat capacity exhibits a characteristic power-law (Tα
) behavior with the exponent α nearly equal to 2, which is analogous to that observed for other three-dimensional (3D) quantum spin liquid (QSL) systems. The DFT calculations signify the presence of dominant second and third nearest neighbor interactions, which in turn lead to magnetic frustration in our system. Our investigations suggest that HoVO4 can be a candidate for realizing a 3D QSL state.
Number of trials and data structure affect the number and components of muscle synergies in upper-limb reaching movements
Authors: Zhao Kunkun , Zhang Zhisheng , Wen Haiying , Scano Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. Due to the variability of human movements, muscle activations vary among trials and subjects. However, few studies investigated how data organization methods for addressing variability impact the extracted muscle synergies. Approach. Fifteen healthy subjects performed a large set of upper limb multi-directional point-to-point reaching movements. Then, the study extracted muscle synergies under different data settings and investigated how data structure prior to synergy extraction, namely concatenation, averaging, and single trial, the number of considered trials, and the number of reaching directions affected the number and components of muscle synergies. Main results. The results showed that the number and components of synergies were significantly affected by the data structure. The concatenation method identified the highest number of synergies, and the averaging method usually found a smaller number of synergies. When the concatenated trials or reaching directions was lower than a minimum value, the number of synergies increased with the increase of the number of trials or reaching directions; however, when the number of trials or reaching directions reached a threshold, the number of synergies was usually constant or with less variation even when novel directions and trials were added. Similarity analysis also showed a slight increase when the number of trials or reaching directions was lower than a threshold. This study recommends that at least five trials and four reaching directions and the concatenation method are considered in muscle synergies analysis during upper limb tasks. Significance. This study makes the researchers focus on the variability analysis induced by the diseases rather than the techniques applied for synergies analysis and promotes applications of muscle synergies in clinical scenarios.
Domain boundaries in ScAlMgO4 single crystal observed by synchrotron radiation x-ray topography and reticulography
Authors: Yao Yongzhao , Hirano Keiichi , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Yukari 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We performed synchrotron radiation x-ray topography (XRT) and reticulography to observe dislocations and crystal misorientation at domain boundaries (DBs) in a scandium magnesium aluminate single-crystal substrate grown via the Czochralski method. By inserting a fine-scale x-ray-absorbing mesh between the sample and the topograph-recording medium, reticulography was clearly observed allowing for direct measurement of twist and tile domain misorientation >5 × 10−5 rad. The results show that the angular resolution can be further improved to better than 2 × 10−5 rad by applying a different mesh-to-film distance M and then comparing the relative displacement in their reticulographs. The character of dislocations aligning at the DBs revealed by XRT analysis is consistent with the reticulography results. Finally, we demonstrate a method that combines reticulography and XRT into a single reticulographic XRT image, from which dislocation observation and misorientation measurement can be performed simultaneously.
Magnetar hard X-ray emission from axion-like particle conversion
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Gratton Marianne 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We explore the possibility that axion-like-particles (ALPs), which would be produced in the core of magnetars and would then convert in the magnetosphere into photons, can explain magnetar hard X-ray spectra. We remark that this scenario would also provide answers to some questions related to magnetar heating. Indeed, considering that magnetars have: 1) hard X-ray spectra that are difficult to explain with known mechanisms; 2) large photon luminosities that force high core temperatures; 3) high core temperatures that imply large neutrino emissivities; 4) and large neutrino emissivities that lead to small magnetar lifetimes in contradiction to observations — explaining the hard X-ray spectra with ALPs could decrease the core temperatures and thus the neutrino emissivities, allowing for longer magnetar lifetimes as expected from observations. In this work, we initiate the study of this scenario for three magnetars with extreme luminosities, and conclude that the general idea is likely worth investigating in more detail.
The Electromagnetic Compatibility between FAST and Public Mobile Communication Stations and its Cognitive Using Frequency Strategy
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhao Yi-Bo , Shi Ya-Fei , Yang Cheng , Hao Yu-Long , Sun Jian-Min 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To master the electromagnetic environment characteristics around the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) and ensure a better ecological environment in the radio-quiet zone of FAST, we analyzed the radiation characteristics of the public communication stations around FAST. By comparing the FAST received signal power from the communication stations and the interference protection threshold of the radio astronomy applications, we found that the total proportion of the communication stations exceeding the radio astronomy protection threshold is 69.01%. Furthermore, to fully protect the regular operation of FAST, we proposed four interference avoidance and frequency coordination strategies based on the cognitive theory. Namely: (1) increasing the operating frequency of the communication station; (2) adjusting the direction of the transmitter antennas; (3) reducing the height of the transmitter antennas; (4) decreasing the transmitting power of the communication station. As a result, the impact on FAST can effectively be reduced, and the FAST's received power from the communication stations will be lower than the radio astronomy protection threshold by using the above mentioned four strategies. Through the analysis of the experiment, the prediction is consistent with the overall trend of the measurement, and using frequency strategies can significantly reduce the signal power at the receiving locations. Furthermore, we construct a quality evaluation system for frequency coordination and analyze the satisfaction of the four strategies under the four criteria. The results show that adjusting the direction of the transmitter antennas has better satisfaction, and the maximum satisfaction is 0.85. The above research results can be further expanded to potentially improve the electromagnetic ecological environment around FAST and support the regular operation of FAST.
Testing the Coincidence Problem with Strong Gravitational Lens, Type Ia Supernovae and Hubble Parameter Observational Data
Authors: Diao Jingwang , Pan Yu , Xu Wenxiao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we use three different kinds of observational data, including 130 strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems, type Ia supernovae (SNeIa: Pantheon and Union2.1) and 31 Hubble parameter data points (H(z)) from cosmic chronometers to constrain the phenomenological model (ρ

x
∝ ρ

m

a

ξ
). By combining these three kinds of data (Union2.1+SGL+H(z)), we get the parameter value at the confidence interval of 2σ, Ω
X,0 = 0.69 ± 0.34, ω

x
= −1.24 ± 0.61, ξ = 3.8 ± 3.9 and H
0 = 70.22 ± 0.86 kms−1 Mpc−1. According to our results, we find that the ΛCDM model is still the model which is in best agreement with the observational data at present, and the coincidence problem is not alleviated. In addition, the Ω
X
and Ω
m
have the same order of magnitude in 0 < z < 1.26. Finally, we obtain the transition redshift z

T
= 0.645. If the transition occurs in z > 0.645, it is necessary to introduce the dark energy interacting with dark matter.
The Dependence of Stellar Activity Cycles on Effective Temperature
Authors: Kitchatinov Leonid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes the idea that the observed dependence of stellar activity cycles on rotation rate can be a manifestation of a stronger dependence on the effective temperature. Observational evidence is recalled and theoretical arguments are given for the presence of cyclic activity in the case of sufficiently slow rotation only. Slow rotation means proximity to the observed upper bound on the rotation period of solar-type stars. This maximum rotation period depends on temperature and shortens for hotter stars. The maximum rotation period is interpreted as the minimum rotation rate for operation of a large-scale dynamo. A combined model for differential rotation and the dynamo is applied to stars of different mass rotating with a rate slightly above the threshold rate for the dynamo. Computations show shorter dynamo cycles for hotter stars. As the hotter stars rotate faster, the computed cycles are also shorter for faster rotation. The observed smaller upper bound for rotation period of hotter stars can be explained by the larger threshold amplitude of the α-effect for onset of their dynamos: a larger α demands faster rotation. The amplitude of the (cycling) magnetic energy in the computations is proportional to the difference between the rotation period and its upper bound for the dynamo. Stars with moderately different rotation rates can differ significantly in super-criticality of their dynamos and therefore in their magnetic activity, as observed.