bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Skills to Split Teeth During Extraction of Mesiodentes in High Site
Authors: Yang Yong , Du Jinjin , Cui Lina , Ying Binbin 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:Extraction of mesiodens in high site is complicated. Here we introduce some technical skills to simply the process and achieve high success rate meanwhile.Methods:All patients should accept radiographic examination before surgery. According to the position of mesiodens based on cone-beam computed tomography, we choose the appropriate method and tool.Results:A series of cases have proved that these skills are applicable and convenient.Conclusions:Dentists should analyze the inspection results seriously and select the optimal strategy to extract mesiodens in high site.
Pericardial and pulmonary actinomycosis, simulating inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: the role of surgery
Authors: Chaudhry Ikram ul H. , M. AlFraih Othman , A. AlAbdulhai Meenal , A.L. Qahtani Yousif , Al Maimon Hisham , Tariq Khan Mohammad , Ihsan Esha , Alghamdi Abdullah M. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Pericardial and pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease that remains undiagnosed during life due to a lack of clinical manifestations and a low positive culture rate. Actinomycosis can involve any part of the body. Thoracic actinomycosis is the second most common site after the cervicofacial. Patients with pulmonary actinomycosis usually present with a history of chest pain, cough, fever, shortness of breath on exertion, and sometimes massive hemoptysis. Pericardial involvement has been reported in the medical literature. It is written in line with process case series criteria.

Method:
From 2008 to 2021, 8 patients, 6 men, and 2 women (mean age 59 y) underwent surgical resection for thoracic lesion initially diagnosed as myofibroblastic tumor on true cut biopsy, but the final histopathologic report revealed actinomycosis. We reviewed preoperative clinical manifestations. Computed tomographic (CT) findings, preoperative true-cut biopsy report, surgical indications, and outcomes.

Results:
Five patients (62.5%) had poor oral hygiene; 2 patients (25%) had sinusitis, and 1 patient had bronchiectasis (12.5%). Seven patients were symptomatic (87.5%), with hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and weakness. One patient, 12.5%, presented with chest wall mass, chest pain, and fever. The basis of the imaging study (CT thorax). Six patients (87.5%) had CT guided biopsy that revealed a myofibroblastic tumor. In 2 patients (25%), CT scans showed the mass was close to the heart, so a biopsy was not done. We panned a surgical procedure based on the history of hemoptysis and a true cut-biopsy report. Four patients (50%) had a lobectomy, 2 patients (25%) had pericardial resection with a wedge of lung tissues, and 1 patient had chest wall resection enblock with right upper lobectomy.

Conclusion:
In patients with radiographic findings of pulmonary neoplasm and initial true cut biopsy report showing myofibroblastic tumor, surgery is mandatory. The final histopathology report showed actinomycoses. If the preoperative histopathologic diagnosis is available, then surgery has no role. The ideal treatment is the administration of systemic penicillin therapy. All our patients postoperatively received systemic antimicrobial therapy; they fully recovered and resumed back to everyday life.
Whole-exome sequencing in 415,422 individuals identifies rare variants associated with mitochondrial DNA copy number
Authors: Pillalamarri Vamsee , Shi Wen , Say Conrad , Yang Stephanie , Lane John , Guallar Eliseo , Pankratz Nathan , Arking Dan E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInter-individual variation in the number of copies of the mitochondrial genome, termed mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), reflects mitochondrial function and has been associated with various aging-related diseases. We examined 415,422 exomes of self-reported White ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank and tested the impact of rare variants, both at the level of single variants and through aggregate variant-set tests, on mtDNA-CN. A survey across nine variant sets tested enrichment of putatively causal variants and identified 14 genes at experiment-wide significance and three genes at marginal significance. These included associations at known mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome genes (mtDNA helicase TWNK, p=5.7×10−29; mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM, p=4.3×10−13; mtDNA maintenance exonuclease MGME1, p=1.3×10−6) and the V617F dominant gain-of-function mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 (p=7.1×10−17) associated with myeloproliferative disease. Novel genes included the ATP-dependent protease CLPX (p=9.9×10−9) involved with mitochondrial proteome quality and the mitochondrial adenylate kinase AK2 (p=5.3×10−8) involved with hematopoiesis. The most significant association was a missense variant in SAMHD1 (p=4.2×10−28), found on a rare, 1.2 Mb shared ancestral haplotype on chromosome 20. SAMHD1 encodes a cytoplasmic host restriction factor involved with viral defense response and the mitochondrial nucleotide salvage pathway, and is associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 5, a childhood encephalopathy and chronic inflammatory response disorder. Rare variants were enriched in Mendelian mtDNA depletion syndrome loci, and these variants further implicated core processes in mtDNA replication, nucleoid structure formation, and maintenance. Together, these data indicate strong-effect mutations from the nuclear genome contribute to the genetic architecture of mtDNA-CN.
Subjective Audibility Modulates the Susceptibility to Sound-Induced Flash Illusion
Authors: Ito Yuki , Matsumoto Hanaka , Kobayasi Kohta I. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryWhen a brief flash is presented along with two brief sounds, the single flash is often perceived as two flashes. This phenomenon is called a sound-induced flash illusion, in which the auditory sense, with its relatively higher reliability in providing temporal information, modifies the visual perception. Decline of audibility due to hearing impairment is known to make subjects less susceptible to the flash illusion. However, the effect of decline of audibility on susceptibility to the illusion has not been directly investigated in subjects with normal hearing. The present study investigates the relationship between audibility and susceptibility to the illusion by varying the sound pressure level of the stimulus. In the task for reporting the number of auditory stimuli, the lowering of the sound pressure level caused the rate of perceiving two sounds to decrease on account of forward masking. The occurrence of the illusory flash was reduced as the intensity of the second auditory stimuli decreased, and was significantly correlated with the rate of perceiving the two auditory stimuli. These results suggest that the susceptibility to sound-induced flash illusion depends on the subjective audibility of each sound.
Damage of Major South American Lepidopteran Soybean Pests
Authors: Carpane Pablo Daniel , Llebaria Matías , Nascimento Ana Flavia , Vivan Lucía 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLepidopteran pests are major factors limiting soybean productivity in South America. In some cases, the control of these species requires the use of foliar insecticides. For a sustainable use of these insecticides, they should be sprayed when insect population sizes reach an economic threshold. Since this estimation requires to determine the consumption of different species, this work aimed to integrate all the main factors, studying the consumption of small-and medium-size larvae of major lepidopteran pests to vegetative and reproductive tissues on Bt and non-Bt soybeans. The damage to vegetative tissues was tested in detached-leaf assays in grow chambers, and to reproductive structures was measured in greenhouse with infestation at early (flowering) and mid reproductive (mid grain filling) stages. Based on the feeding behavior of the species tested, they were cast in four groups: a) A. gemmatalis and C. includens, defoliating only the RR variety with the lowest consumption of foliar area; b) S. eridania, defoliating both RR and IPRO varieties, consuming twice than the species mentioned above; c) H. armigera, defoliating and being the most damaging species to pods in the RR variety; d) S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda, defoliating and damaging pods in both varieties. The species differed in their ability to feed on IPRO varieties, so a different economic threshould could be considered. This clasification contributes to a recommendation of insecticide use sustainable, taking into account the behavior of these species that are major soybeans pests in South America.
Reinstatement of emotional associations during human sleep: an intracranial EEG study
Authors: Legendre Guillaume , Bayer Laurence , Seeck Margitta , Spinelli Laurent , Schwartz Sophie , Sterpenich Virginie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe scientific literature suggests that emotional memories benefit from a privileged consolidation over neutral memories. This effect extends to consolidation processes that occur during sleep. Indeed, during sleep, a complex set of oscillations (namely slow-oscillations, theta rhythm and spindles) mediates the communication between brain regions involved in the long-term integration of memories. However, whether sleep oscillations may contribute to the reactivation and consolidation of emotional memories in humans is still unclear. Because non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) has limited access to deep brain regions implicated in memory and emotion (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex), here we recorded EEG signal from these brain regions using intracranial electrodes placed in medically-resistant epileptic patients in the context of presurgical investigation. During wakefulness, we presented the patients with emotional (i.e., humorous) vs emotionally neutral pictures paired with a sound. Then, we tested for the reinstatement of emotional-associations by delivering the sound during a subsequent period of sleep. We found that the reactivation of emotional (compared to neutral) memories during sleep enhanced slow-oscillation and spindle activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, paralleled with an increase in theta connectivity between the hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex.In addition, we observed that the theta response to emotional memories reactivated at subsequent wake was different than for neutral memories, suggesting a change in memory traces with targeted memory reactivation. These data suggest that consolidation of emotional events during sleep is due to a larger expression of sleep features (in the slow-oscillation, theta and sigma frequency bands) and that the mechanisms of brain plasticity also take place in emotional brain regions during NREM sleep.
Dynamic tracking of objects in the macaque dorsomedial frontal cortex
Authors: Rajalingham Rishi , Sohn Hansem , Jazayeri Mehrdad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCognitive neuroscience posits that humans perform physical inferences using mental simulations. Here, we test this hypothesis by analyzing neural activity in the monkeys’ frontal cortex in a ball interception task. We find a low-dimensional neural embedding of the ball position that tracks the ball both when it is visible and invisible. This embedding may serve as a neural substrate for mental simulation.
Spatial replication can best advance our understanding of population responses to climate
Authors: Compagnoni Aldo , Evers Sanne , Knight Tiffany 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the responses of plant populations dynamics to climatic variability is frustrated by the need for long-term datasets. Here, we advocate for new studies that estimate the effects of climate by sampling replicate populations in locations with similar climate. We first use data analysis on spatial locations in the conterminous USA to assess how far apart spatial replicates should be from each other to minimize temporal correlations in climate. We find that on average spatial locations separated by 316 Km (SD = 149Km) have moderate (0.5) correlations in annual precipitation. Second, we use simulations to demonstrate that spatial replication can lead to substantial gains in the range of climates sampled during a given set of years so long as the climate correlations between the populations are at low to moderate levels. Third, we use simulations to quantify how many spatial replicates would be necessary to achieve the same statistical power of a single-population, long-term data set under different strengths and directions of spatial correlations in climate between spatial replicates. Our results indicate that spatial replication is an untapped opportunity to study the effects of climate on demography and to rapidly fill important knowledge gaps in the field of population ecology.
Selection Of Theaflavin 2B As a Potential HSP90 Antagonist Semi-rigid Ligand Docking Analysis
Authors: Akinsehinwa Samuel , Medayedupin Oluwatobi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an abundant molecular chaperone playing critical role as mediator of proper folding, maturation and stability of diverse client cellular proteins and has been reported to be overexpressed at a level of 2-10 folds relative to 1-2 folds of healthy cells. Geldanamycin and its derivatives (17AAG and 17 DMAG) has been developed to combat this but are known to be associated with primary side effects including plague, nausea, vomit, liver toxicity, hence the need to discover a relative safe and more potent inhibitor.The aim of this study is to determine the inhibitory potential of the Theaflavin 2B, a furanocoumarin derivative, which has been documented to have anti-tumour activity against human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells via computational techniques. To this effect, theaflavin 2B was retrieved from PubChem database, and screened against HSP90 for its inhibitory effect, which resulted in relatively higher binding affinity of -9.2Kcal/mol relative to that of the standard (−6.4 Kcal/mol). Computational docking analysis were performed using PyRx, AutoDock Vina option based on scoring functions and the target was validated so as to ensure that the right target and appropriate docking protocol was followed for this analysis.The docking studies of Theaflavin 2B with HSP90 showed that this ligand is a druggable molecule which docks well with HSP90 target. Therefore, theaflavin 2B molecule is a very good candidate for inhibiting HSP90 and presented it as good candidate for further evaluation as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
Cardiac performance and heat shock response variation related to shell colour morphs in the mudflat snail Batillaria attramentaria
Authors: Han Guodong , Du Yinghui , Du Lina , Qu Furui , Zhao Zhenjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhysiological and transcriptomic response to thermal stress were investigated in the mudflat snail Batillaria attramentaria of different shell colour morphs. Despite no difference in upper lethal temperatures among shell colour morphs, their Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures (ABT) for cardiac thermal performance differed significantly, and the ABT of snails with D type morph was higher than snails with UL type morph. The transcriptomic analysis showed that D type snails exhibit higher levels of four HSPs than UL type snails at control temperature. Unfolded protein response was activated in UL type snails but not in D type snails under moderate thermal stress. And there were 11 HSPs increased in UL type snails in contrast to 1 HSP in D type snails, suggesting a “preparative defense” strategy of heat shock response in D type snails under moderate thermal stress. When exposed to sublethal temperature, eight molecular chaperones were uniquely upregulated in D type snails, suggesting these genes may allow for D type snails improved their cardiac thermal tolerance. The “preparative defense” strategies and higher ABT of cardiac thermal performance may adapt the dark shell snails to the rapid and stronger thermal stress in the field. Our results suggested that physiological selection imposed by moderate and sublethal thermal stress, instead of upper lethal limits, may be a driving force shaping shell colour frequency in the mudflat snail B. attramentaria.
Effects of Beaver (Castor canadensis) Herbivory and Wildfire on Foliage Density and Woody Debris, San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Arizona
Authors: Radke Marcia F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeaver (Castor canadensis) were reintroduced beginning in 1999 on the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area. Herbivory is the most obvious effect from beaver, but little research exists of herbivory effects after reintroduction. Fire processes may also have substantial effects to vegetation, and both beaver and fire are important ecological components for comparing effects and subsequent management decisions. The objective of this research, conducted during 2008 and 2009, was to determine any effects to foliage density caused by beaver herbivory and wildfire as compared to control sites. There were significant differences in foliage density between control, beaver, and wildfire sites, with lower foliage density and greater above-ground heights associated with wildfire sites. Although near the significance level, there were no interactions between control, beaver, or wildfire sites for changes in foliage density at different heights. Mean Fremont cottonwood, Goodding’s willow, and seep willow foliage density was significantly different between control, beaver, and fire sites. Fremont cottonwood had significantly higher foliage density at control sites than at fire sites, but not between control and beaver sites or between beaver and fire sites. Goodding’s willow density was significantly higher at control and beaver sites than fire sites, with no significant difference between control and beaver sites. Seep willow foliage density was significantly higher at control and beaver sites compared to fire sites, but not significantly different between control and beaver sites. Mean downed and dead wood cover was not significantly different between control, beaver, and fire-influenced sites, between beaver and control sites, between control and fire sites, or between beaver and fire sites. Management implications include more strategic wildfire planning and preparedness, achieved through integrated tamarisk control in the riparian area and use of prescribed fire in upland habitats to reduce fire size and severity that threaten the riparian gallery forest and its ecosystem services.
Optogenetic reduction of theta oscillations reveals that a single reliable time cell sequence is not required for working memory
Authors: Yong Hyun Choong , Chang HaoRan , Brandon Mark P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a delayed alternation spatial working memory task, hippocampal time cells fire during specific moments of the delay period to form a stable, sequential representation of the entire delay interval. The causal relationship between these sequences and working memory remains unclear. Similarly, hippocampal theta oscillations are thought to support working memory, primarily through the generation of time cell sequences. To causally examine these relationships, we optogenetically silenced the medial septal GABAergic theta-generating circuit during the delay portion of a delayed spatial alternation task. Without hippocampal theta oscillations, many time cells exhibited remapping, new time cells were recruited, and time cell information was increased; collectively resulting in a new time cell sequence during the delay period. Despite this remapping of time cells on random selection of theta-reduced trials, behavioral performance was unimpaired, demonstrating that working memory is not dependent on a single or unique time cell sequence during the delay period.
Multimodal Brain Signal Complexity Predicts Human Intelligence
Authors: Thiele Jonas A. , Richter Aylin , Hilger Kirsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpontaneous brain activity builds the foundation for human cognitive processing during external demands. Neuroimaging studies based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) identified specific characteristics of spontaneous (intrinsic) brain dynamics to be associated with individual differences in general cognitive ability, i.e., intelligence. However, fMRI research is inherently limited by low temporal resolution, thus, preventing conclusions about neural fluctuations within the range of milliseconds. Here, we used resting-state electroencephalographical (EEG) recordings from 144 healthy adults to test whether individual differences in intelligence (Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices scores) can be predicted from the complexity of temporally highly resolved intrinsic brain signals. We compared different operationalizations of brain signal complexity (multiscale entropy, Shannon entropy, Fuzzy entropy, and specific characteristics of microstates) regarding their relation to intelligence. The results indicate that associations between brain signal complexity measures and intelligence are of small effect sizes (r~ .20) and vary across different spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, higher intelligence scores were associated with lower complexity in local aspects of neural processing, and less activity in task-negative brain regions belonging to the defaultmode network. Finally, we combined multiple measures of brain signal complexity to show that individual intelligence scores can be significantly predicted with a multimodal model within the sample (10-fold cross-validation) as well as in an independent sample (external replication,N= 57). In sum, our results highlight the temporal and spatial dependency of associations between intelligence and intrinsic brain dynamics, proposing multimodal approaches as promising means for future neuroscientific research on complex human traits.Significance StatementSpontaneous brain activity builds the foundation for intelligent processing - the ability of humans to adapt to various cognitive demands. Using resting-state EEG, we extracted multiple aspects of temporally highly resolved intrinsic brain dynamics to investigate their relationship with individual differences in intelligence. Single associations were of small effect sizes and varied critically across spatial and temporal scales. However, combining multiple measures in a multimodal cross-validated prediction model, allows to significantly predict individual intelligence scores in unseen participants. Our study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that observable associations between complex human traits and neural parameters might be rather small and proposes multimodal prediction approaches as promising tool to derive robust brain-behavior relations despite limited sample sizes.