bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gobernanza y legitimidad en las federaciones deportivas colombianas (Governance and legitimacy in Colombian sports federations)
Authors: Ramos Acosta José , Arias Castaño Ana María , Gómez Solano Julie Hortencia , Ordoñez Saavedra Néstor , Carrillo Barbosa Ruby Lorena 
Published: May 2022

Con base en la investigación que adelantó la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales y el Comité Olímpico Colombiano, se elaboró el presente artículo, en el que se determina el estado de la gobernanza y legitimidad de las federaciones deportivas colombianas. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de debilidades relacionadas con el desequilibrio de género, como también, sobre la solidaridad con atletas e instituciones de menor jerarquía; el estudio estableció la necesidad de estructurar la creación de un observatorio de buena gobernanza. La muestra estuvo determinada, por ocho federaciones deportivas colombianas, en una población total de 19, cuya participación está reflejada en dar a conocer a través de elementos puntuales como su página web, sus estatutos, sus planes de gobierno, entre otros, acciones indirectas que evidencian elementos de transparencia, democracia, separación de poderes y solidaridad, los cuales son fundamento de la buena gobernanza y la legitimidad. La investigación se centró en evaluar las federaciones deportivas nacionales, con base en un estudio adelantado por la organización internacional Play the Game que evalúo el estado de la gobernanza y la legitimidad de las federaciones deportivas internacionales, las cuales hacen parte del programa olímpico.
Abstract. This article was prepared based on the research carried out by the University of Applied and Environmental Sciences and the Colombian Olympic Committee, in which the state of governance and legitimacy of Colombian sports federations is determined. The results show the existence of weaknesses related to gender imbalance, as well as solidarity with athletes and lower-ranking institutions; the study established the need to structure the creation of a good governance observatory. The sample was taken from 8 federations out of a total of 19, in which their participation aims at the recognition of indirect actions that would present elements of transparency, democracy, separation of powers and democracy, through punctual elements such as their web page, statutes, government plans, among others; these to be shown as the basis of governance and legitimacy. The research focused on evaluating the national sports federations, based on a study carried out by the international organization Play the Game that evaluated the state of governance and the legitimacy of the international sports federations, which are part of the Olympic program.
Assessment of nutritional status of elderly population living at high altitude regions of India utilizing Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) methodology
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Kapil Umesh , Belwal Ravi 
Published: May 2022

Background: Malnutrition is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality amongst elderly population. There is lack of scientific evidence on the staus of malnutrition amongst elderly population residing at high altitude regions of Uttarakhand, India.
Background: Malnutrition is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality amongst elderly population. Lack of scientific evidence exists on the status of malnutrition amongst elderly population residing at high altitude regions of Uttarakhand, India. Materials and methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in high altitude regions of District Nainital. A total of 980 elderly subjects were selected from 30 clusters identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. Nutritional status of the elderly population was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Data was entered in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The results of MNA revealed that 14.3% of the elderly subjects were malnourished. High prevalence of malnutrition was found among subjects who were illiterate (74.5%), financially dependent (75.2%), belonged to low monthly income (43.3%) had poor appetite (71.6%) and chewing problems (63.1%); (p<0.0001). Conclusions: High prevalence of malnutrition was present amongst the elderly population in India. There is a need for timely assessment of malnutrition for maintenance of nutritional status and prevention of chronic diseases.
Materials and methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in high altitude regions of District Nainital. A total of 980 elderly subjects were selected from 30 clusters identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. Nutritional status of the elderly population was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Data was entered in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: The results of MNA revealed that 14.3% of the elderly subjects were malnourished. High prevalence of malnutrition was found among subjects who were illiterate (74.5%), financially dependent (75.2%), belonged to low monthly income (43.3%) had poor appetite (71.6%) and chewing problems (63.1%); (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: High prevalence of malnutrition was present amongst the elderly population in India. There is a need for timely assessment of malnutrition for maintenance of nutritional status and prevention of chronic diseases.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistani females and its link to breast cancer
Authors: Hussain Mansoor  , Eisha Waqar  , Rabbia Tariq  
Published: May 2022

Female breast cancer remains a major health concern due to its rising incidence and mortality rates around the world. Recent statistical trends have shown a significant increase in its prevalence, accounting for 11.7% of all cancer cases worldwide (1). In Pakistan, female breast cancer incidence is the highest among all other malignancies, with a total of 25,928 cases reported nationally in 2020 (2).
There are numerous risk factors for breast cancer: old age, family history of breast and reproductive tract malignancies, early menarche, nulliparity, late menopause, high-fat diet, alcohol consumption etc. (3). A study conducted in 2017 identified vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as a possible risk factor for breast cancer (4). In 2020, the results of a case-control study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, revealed that women with low serum VDD <20ng/ml were at a greater risk of developing breast cancer compared to patients with sufficient serum vitamin D >30ng/ml (5).
Historically, Pakistani women are prone to developing VDD despite abundant sun light due to Pakistan’s subtropical climate. The primary reason behind this paradox can be associated with the low air quality index in many of the major cities of the country. The high population density and closely-built infrastructure also act as barriers towards adequate sun exposure for Pakistani women. Furthermore, distorted beauty ideals that discourage women from going out in the sun are deeply rooted in South Asian culture. The cosmetics industry plays a huge role in reinforcing this notion through advertisements that glorify fair-skinned women. There is also a lack of awareness regarding balanced diets among women, especially from lower socio-economic backgrounds.
The possible correlation of VDD with female breast cancer has amplified the need for awareness programmes to educate the female population regarding the importance of vitamin D. Women-centric NGOs and healthcare organisations spreading awareness regarding breast cancer should emphasize VDD as its underlying cause and encourage them to spend more time outdoors and to include vitamin D supplements in their diet. Electronic media can also play a pivotal role in propagating this information. Lastly, the government’s ongoing food fortification programme against VDD and other nutritional deficiencies should be accelerated and strictly monitored to ensure its proper implementation and success.
With female breast cancer increasing at an unprecedented rate, the government must take effective measures to minimize the risk of breast cancer in vitamin D deficient females.
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Is liraglutide the solution for weight loss in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?
Authors: Shaikh Taha Gul , Syed Hassan Ahmed  , Waseem Summaiyya 
Published: May 2022

Madam, Liraglutide is an acylated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that helps patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 in control their blood glucose level day through its meal induced insulin secretion, so-called incretin effect. The pharmacokinetic properties of liraglutide enable it to control 24-hour glycaemia(1). It is also found to decrease the risk of stroke and cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes. It has gained a lot of popularity as it is potent and can be taken in combination with almost any other diabetic medication.
However, the use of this drug is not just limited to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Several recent studies have shown that this drug could treat obese women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). A randomized controlled trial published in 2015 in Hormones (Athens) compared the effect of liraglutide and metformin on weight loss in women with PCOS(2). Twenty-eight individuals participated in this study and were randomly categorized into patients receiving liraglutide (n=14) or patients receiving metformin (n=14). The study highlighted that the short-term use of liraglutide significantly reduced the weight in newly diagnosed PCOS womenThe aforementioned is not the only study that supports this result. A 2018 meta-analysis published in Obesity Reviews compared liraglutide, metformin and orlistat in reducing the weight in obese women suffering from PCOS(3). Data from 23 randomized controlled trials, consisting of 941 women, were evaluated, and the results showed that liraglutide whether used alone or in combination with metformin, helped reduce weight.
PCOS is one of the most prevalent endocrinology disorders in South Asia, including Pakistan. It leads to several health risks and is found to affect the quality of life. Most women with PCOS show signs of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and insulin resistance(4). Obesity along with insulin resistance is found to increase risk of hyperandrogenism. This leads to a chain of circumstances that promotes development of PCOS(5). Lifestyle changes and dietary modifications should be the first- line treatment for women with PCOS. But if lifestyle intervention is not effective in reducing weight, then the more aggressive treatment, use of liraglutide, should be considered after consultation with the health care professional.
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Access to Success: Opening Higher Education in South Africa through Community Fundraising
Authors: Gredley Susan 
Published: May 2022

Every community wants its children to reach their highest potential. Yet in a country shaped by a long history of social, economic and political inequality, most South Africans face severe constraints in achieving that goal.
Despite this, poorer communities have embraced Mandela’s words – “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world” – and made great sacrifices to ensure their children can pursue higher education.
Student Support Services: Opening TVET Education in South Africa through the Provision of Student Support
Authors: Zungu Sinethemba 
Published: May 2022

The number of challenges facing students at South Africa’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges is profound. Many come in with fragile educational foundations, inadequate financial resources, insufficient English proficiency, and a lack of career guidance (Moodley & Singh 2015). Many others try to pursue their studies while already working full- or part-time, or caring for family members at home.
Meanwhile, TVET colleges themselves are trying to cope with the changing profile of the students they now serve. In any given classroom, lecturers encounter students from multiple language groups who may have physical or learning disabilities and who occupy several age categories.
To deal with the challenges that emerge from this – and the calls for TVET colleges to prepare their students for the Fourth Industrial Revolution – new programmes have been developed requiring higher cognitive investments from students and greater infrastructure and resource allocation from the government (DHET 2020).
Microcredentials and Digital Badges: Opening Higher Education in South Africa through Innovative Recognition
Authors: Jones Barbara 
Published: May 2022

The traditional South African university degree programme – spanning multiple years, premised on students having a strong educational foundation – is in dire need of a rethink in a country where 39% of university students in contact programmes fail to graduate within six years of initial enrolment and a shocking 80% of distance learners fail to do so within ten years (DHET 2020). Such programmes often inadvertently reinforce the inequalities and injustices they are meant to overcome.
Part of the problem is structural. A three- or four-year commitment to a singular form of recognition (a degree) in a context where so many students cannot reach the finish line is wasteful and punitive. The ironic result is that many students end up with debts for degrees they never obtain and nothing to show on their CVs for what they learned.
Morphometric analysis and types of articular facets on human dry tali and calcanei of north Indian origin
Authors: Garg Shavi , Verma Usha , Suri Arpita , Aulakh Kirandeep Kaur , Aneja Prachi Saffar , Kaur Nimarpreet 
Published: May 2022

Aim: The purpose of our study was to do a morphometric analysis of talus and calcaneum along with the pattern of articular facets on the surface to facilitate orthopedicians in planning surgeries for subtalar implants and foot prostheses.
Materials and Methods: For the study, 60 dry adult human tali(24 left and 26 right) and 60 dry calcanei(30 left and 30 right) were obtained from the Department of Anatomy.The tali and calcanei were looked for number and type of articular facets on their surface. The morphometry of talus and calcaneus was done using a digital caliper accurate to 0.01 mm and data recorded.
Results: The most common type of articular facet on tali and calcanei in the North Indian population studied was type B. The anteroposterior length and transverse width of the left tali were: 50.89 mm and 37.84 mm, respectively and of right tali were: 51.14 mm and 37.9 mm, respectively. The width, length and depth of left and right sulcus tali were: 6.75mm, 18.7 mm and 5.05 ± 0.33mm, and 7.13 mm, 18.21 mm and 5.44mm, respectively. For left and right calcanei, anteroposterior length and transverse width were: 70.61 mm and 40.1mm, and 71.02 mm and 41.48mm, respectively. The width, length and depth of left and right sulcus calcanei were: 6.08 mm, 46.52 mm and 3.78 mm and 5.34 mm, 45.91 mm and 3.81 mm.
Conclusion: Our study will be helpful as a vital tool for reconstruction surgeries of hindfoot deformities and foot reconstruction procedures.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression by immunohistochemistry as a prognostic factor in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Chigurupati Pragnya , Barathi G. , Arulappan T. , Rajendiran S. , D'Cruze Lawrence , Susruthan M. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Diagnosis of gastric cancer continues to remain a challenge, considering the widespread prevalence of precancerous lesions. The local progression and systemic spread are significantly influenced by tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and its relationship to tumor grade and stage.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 30 patients with gastric carcinoma. The specimens were fixed in buffer formalin, embedded in paraffin, sections were stained with Hematoxylin–Eosin and immunohistochemistry was performed for VEGF as per the standard operating procedure. Evaluation was performed using the VEGF score, based on the intensity of reaction and percent of positive cells.

Results: The reaction for VEGF was positive in 27 from 30 cases (90%). VEGF expression was observed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, with granular pattern. A strong correlation was found between VEGF expression and lymph node status and grade of the primary (p value <0.014), but not with the stage of the tumor.

Conclusion: VEGF over expression has significance with respect to only site and grade of the tumor and hence the usefulness of targeted therapy in such cases has to be evaluated by molecular studies.
PD-L1 expression in gastric carcinoma – a biomarker for immunotherapy
Authors: Menon Dhanya , Sekhar Ganthimathy 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Immunotherapy is now being widely used for targeted therapy in several cancers. The PD-1/ PD-L1 (programmed cell death receptor/programmed cell death ligand) axis inhibits the expansion of tumour specific T cells and prevents the immune response against tumours. PD-L1 expression is seen in many cancers including gastric carcinomas and anti PDL1 antibodies are being used to produce tumour regression. This study was done to evaluate PD-L1 expression in gastric carcinomas and correlate this with the different histological types, grades and stages of these tumours

Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were analysed for PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 expression was correlated with histopathological factors including histological type, differentiation, grade and stage using statistical methods.

Results: A positive PD-L1 expression was observed in 52% of the cases. A positive correlation between PD-L1 positivity and tumour depth to which the tumour was invading the stomach was observed. No correlation was noted with expression of PD-L1 and histological type, differentiation, histological grade and presence/absence of nodal metastasis.

Conclusion: PD-L1 expression was seen in more than half of the patients in our study. Hence it is suggested that anti PD-L1 inhibitors can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric cancers, especially those with a greater depth of invasion.
Study of continuous temperature recording in various opportunistic infections in people with HIV
Authors: Pavan M. R. , Hanji Pooja , Jeganathan Jayakumar 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Fever patterns in various infections can give important clues in arriving at an early diagnosis. As most recordings of temperature are not continuous the full utility of this parameter has never been given its due importance. The infections that occur in HIV individuals have varied presentations and hence leads to a delay in its diagnosis and necessitating many investigations. If 24 hours’ temperature monitoring could give reliable patterns of temperature in these various diseases, it would be an inexpensive tool that could be used in these patients as the initial diagnostic approach of these patients.

Materials and Methods: In this study on patients with HIV and fever, continuous tympanic temperature monitoring was done. The visual characteristics patterns were compared with the various categories of infections that occurred in these HIV individuals. Results were expressed using mean (standard deviation), median (inter quartile range) and proportion. ANOVA was used to find the statistical difference between various opportunistic infections and a P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: A total of 65 HIV patients were included in the study. The type of jerky temperature pattern could differentiate between bacterial, intracellular, tuberculosis and parasitic infections (Pearson Chi-Square =16.4, P= 0.058). The type of plateau phase could also distinguish these categories of diseases. The Pearson Chi-Square value for plateau phase was 10.511 with p-value 0.015.

Conclusion: When these temperature patterns were applied for diagnosing the various categories of diseases in HIV their accuracies were as follows: For bacterial diseases (62.5%); intra-cellular (50%); tuberculosis (82.1%); parasitic (64.3%). The overall accuracy was 71%, showing that the temperature patterns could be used as an important starting point in the diagnostic approach in these patients.
A novel and efficient synthesis of 1, 2, 3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine carboxamide derivatives by Biginelli reaction and their in vitro antibacterial activity
Authors: Jayanthi Murugan , Venkatesh Perumal , Thirunavukkarasu Sathiravada Veeraswamy 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: An efficient aspect of two step synthesis of tetrahydro pyrimidine carboxamide derivatives were developed by Biginelli reaction. The two-step synthesized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinecarboxamide compounds were evaluated by In-vitro studies like antifungal and bacterial activities. Few compounds were shown excellent zone of inhibition against fungal and Microbial activities. In this study showed significant effect of antifungal and bacterial action against tetrahydro pyrimidine derivatives.

Materials and Methods: In this procedure to synthesize 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidinecarboxamide derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate, cytosine, para-toluene sulphonic acid and ethanol were used.

Results: The synthesized compounds of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine carboxamide derivatives through Biginelli reaction used an efficient catalyst such as para-toluene sulphonic acid and solvent ethanol. In this study tested compounds have developed into two step protocol for synthesis of diversely substituted novel pyrimidines.

Conclusion: In this study the synthesized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine carboxamide (THPC) shows significant inhibiting action against Gram +ve, Gram –ve bacterial and fungal growth.
Observation of bioaerosol transport using wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor and coherent Doppler lidar
Authors: Tang Dawei , Wei Tianwen , Yuan Jinlong , Xia Haiyun , Dou Xiankang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Bioaerosols are usually defined as aerosols arising from
biological systems such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They play an
important role in atmospheric physical and chemical processes including ice
nucleation and cloud condensation. As such, their dispersion affects not
only public health but also regional climate. Lidar is an effective
technique for aerosol detection and pollution monitoring. It is also used to
profile the vertical distribution of wind vectors. In this paper, a coherent
Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) is deployed for aerosol and wind detection in
Hefei, China, from 11 to 20 March in 2020. A wideband integrated bioaerosol
sensor (WIBS) is used to monitor variations in local fluorescent
bioaerosols. Three aerosol transport events are captured. The WIBS data show
that, during these transport events, several types of fluorescent aerosol
particles exhibit abnormal increases in their concentration, number
fractions to total particles, and number fractions to whole fluorescent
aerosols. These increases are attributed to external fluorescent bioaerosols
instead of local bioaerosols. Based on the
HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory model and the
characteristics of external aerosols in WIBS, their possible sources,
transport paths, and components are discussed. The results prove the
influence of external aerosol transport on local high particulate matter
(PM) pollution and fluorescent aerosol particle composition. The combination
of WIBS and CDWL expands the aerosol monitoring parameters and provides a
potential method for real-time monitoring of fluorescent biological aerosol
transport events. In addition, it also helps to understand the relationships
between atmospheric phenomena at high altitudes like virga and the variation
of surface bioaerosol. It contributes to the further understanding of
long-range bioaerosol transport, the roles of bioaerosols in atmospheric
processes, and in aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions.