bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twin Extreme Ultraviolet Waves in the Solar Corona
Authors: Zheng Ruisheng , Wang Bing , Zhang Liang , Chen Yao , Erdélyi Robertus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves are spectacular propagating disturbances with EUV enhancements in annular shapes in the solar corona. These EUV waves carry critical information about the coronal magnetized plasma that can shed light on the elusive physical parameters (e.g., the magnetic field strength) by global solar coronal magnetoseismology. EUV waves are closely associated with a wide range of solar atmospheric eruptions, from violent flares and coronal mass ejections to less energetic plasma jets or mini-filament eruptions. However, the physical nature and driving mechanism of EUV waves are still controversial. Here, we report the unique discovery of twin EUV waves (TEWs) that were formed in a single eruption with observations from two different perspectives. In all earlier studies, a single eruption was associated at most with a single EUV wave. The newly found TEWs urge us to revisit our theoretical understanding of the underlying formation mechanism(s) of coronal EUV waves. Two distinct scenarios of TEWs were found. In the first scenario, the two waves were separately associated with a filament eruption and a precursor jet, while in another scenario, the two waves were successively associated with a filament eruption. Hence, we label these distinguished scenarios as “fraternal TEWs” and “identical TEWs,” respectively. Further, we also suggest that impulsive lateral expansions of two distinct groups of coronal loops are critical to the formation of TEWs in a single eruption.
The Archival Discovery of a Strong Lyα and [C ii] Emitter at z = 7.677
Authors: Valentino Francesco , Brammer Gabriel , Fujimoto Seiji , Heintz Kasper E. , Weaver John R. , Strait Victoria , Gould Katriona M. L. , Mason Charlotte , Watson Darach , Laursen Peter , Toft Sune 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report the archival discovery of Lyα emission from the bright ultraviolet galaxy Y002 at z = 7.677, spectroscopically confirmed by its ionized carbon [C ii] 158 μm emission line. The Lyα line is spatially associated with the rest-frame UV stellar emission (M
UV ∼ −22, 2× brighter than

M

UV

⋆

), and it appears offset from the peak of the extended [C ii] emission at the current ∼1″ spatial resolution. We derive an estimate of the unobscured SFRUV = (22 ± 1) M
⊙ yr−1 and set an upper limit of SFRIR < 15 M
⊙ yr−1 from the far-infrared (FIR) wavelength range, which globally places Y002 on the SFR(UV+IR)–L
[C II] correlation observed at lower redshifts. In terms of velocity, the peak of the Lyα emission is redshifted by Δv
Lyα
∼ 500 km s−1 from the systemic redshift set by [C ii] and a high-velocity tail extends up to ∼1000 km s−1. The velocity offset is up to ∼3.5× higher than the average estimate for similarly UV-bright emitters at z ∼ 6–7, which might suggest that we are witnessing the merging of two clumps. A combination of strong outflows and the possible presence of an extended ionized bubble surrounding Y002 would likely facilitate the escape of copious Lyα light, as indicated by the large equivalent width EW0(Lyα)

=

24

−
6

+
5

Å. Assuming that [C ii] traces the neutral hydrogen, we estimate a H i gas fraction of M
H I/M
⋆ ≳ 8 for Y002 as a system and speculate that patches of high H i column densities could contribute to explaining the observed spatial offsets between Lyα- and [C ii]-emitting regions. The low dust content, implied by the nondetection of the FIR continuum emission at rest frame ∼160 μm, would be sufficient to absorb any potential Lyα photons produced within the [C ii] clump as a result of large H i column densities.
Applying Random Forest Classification to Ultracool Dwarf Discovery in Deep Surveys. II. Color Classification with PanSTARRS, 2MASS, UKIDSS, and WISE Photometry
Authors: Gutierrez Eduardo Gauna , Maytorena Arantxa Mendiola , Gong Zijie , Vega Adriana Nava , Verdaguer Carlos , Aganze Christian , Danner Christopher , Burgasser Adam J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We evaluate color-based classifiers in a synthesis of Pan-STARRS, 2MASS, UKIDSS, and AllWISE catalogs to identify ultracool dwarfs (UCDs). Using the Best et al. compilation of UCDs and a sample of background sources as our training set, we constructed a two-tier random forest model to segregate UCDs from non-UCDs and sort them into spectral subgroups. We also developed a regressor model to infer numerical classifications. Our classifier models achieved accuracies of 97%–99%, while our regressor model achieved a classification accuracy of 0.64 subtypes for classifications M5–T8. We applied these models to a 7 deg2 region with overlapping survey data and identified 336 UCD candidates, of which 26 are previously identified UCDs and 17 are extragalactic sources.
Comparison of Two Analytic Energy Balance Models Shows Stable Partial Ice Cover Possible for Any Obliquity
Authors: Landgren Ekaterina , Nadeau Alice 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, we compare two analytic energy balance models with an explicit dependence on obliquity to study the likelihood of different stable ice configurations. We compare the results of models with different methods of heat transport and different insolation distributions. We show that stable partial ice cover is possible for any obliquity, provided the insolation distribution is sufficiently accurate. Additionally, we quantify the severity of the transition to the snowball state as different model parameters are varied. In accordance with an earlier study, transitions to the snowball state are more severe for higher values of the albedo contrast and energy transport across latitudes in both models; however, we find that the snowball transition is not equally likely across both models. This work is general enough to apply to any rapidly rotating planet and could be used to study the likelihood of snowball transitions on planets within the habitable region of other stars.
Psychological effects of COVID-19 outbreak in hospital workers during the Italian third phase
Authors: Sterpone Rossella , Manfredi Valentina , Cassinari Antonella , Franscini Monica , Betti Marta , Bertolotti Martinella , Pelazza Carolina , Giribone Simona , Pepoli Antonio , Valorio Patrizia , Maconi Antonio 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak, during the so-called phase three of the infection in Italy, in healthcare workers and other professionals working in the Public Hospital “SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo” in the Piedmont Region.Methods: A monocentric prospective observational study was conducted on 113 hospital workers by completing an online survey. Data were collected from 29th June to 20th July 2020. The survey assessed self-reported socio-demographic, clinical, work and COVID-19 related information and risk perception. Moreover, it included an online version of validated questionnaires in the Italian language: Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Coping Orientation to the Problems Experienced: COPE-NVI-25, and the Professional Quality of Life scale (ProQOl-5).Results: The exploratory analysis revealed that hospital workers showed a high percentage of post-traumatic stress symptoms in the months following the beginning of the pandemic. In general, having higher levels of education seems to be associated with less anxiety, stress, depression insomnia e post-traumatic stress symptoms. Those symptoms were reported among those who had higher risk perception, previous psychological problems, or suffered from a chronic disease. Workers with more than 10 years experience and low risk perception reported less insomnia symptoms.Conclusions: The assessment of psychological effects of COVID-19 outbreak might help to create good practices that could be used and improved to implement focused interventions on workers’ well-being, especially during COVID-19 and post COVID-19 periods.
Placement and management of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC): Which complications? A retrospective 2-year single-centre experience
Authors: Bolgeo T. , Di Matteo R. , Gardalini M. , Gambarini L. , Riccio C. , Pesce A. , Arcidiacono S. , Toselli P. , Ferretti L. , Piccio F. , Maconi A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are catheters placed in the central venous system, through a peripheral vein. PICCs’ are devices designed for intermediate to long-term use, which are usually implanted for long periods and may be subjected to mechanical and infectious complications as well as thrombosis and acute bleeding during insertion or maintenance procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate and describe the various types of complications resulting from placement and management of PICC catheters in patients admitted to the SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital wards. Methods: Data was collected from the medical records of patients undergoing PICC implantation from June 2018 to December 2019.Results: Data from 320 patients were included in the study. 55% of patients did not develop complications. 34% of all patients with complications had minor complications and 86% of devices were not removed before the end of treatment.Conclusions: PICCs’ appear to be safe devices for use, with acceptably low rates of infectious or thrombotic complications. The most common complications have been minor causes, potentially avoidable with adequate prevention measures.
Accuracy of emergency physicians’ interpretation of computed tomography for urgent-emergent diagnoses in nontraumatic cases
Authors: Karakoyun Omer Faruk , Kozaci Nalan , Avci Mustafa , Uzunay Huseyin 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy levels of the emergency physicians (EPs) managing the patient in the interpretation of the urgent-emergent pathological findings in thoracic and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans.

METHODS:
The EPs interpreted the CT scans of patients who visited the emergency department because of nontraumatic causes. Then, a radiology instructor made final assessments of these CT scans. Based on the interpretation of the radiology instructor, the false-positive rate, false-negative rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and kappa coefficient (κ) of the EPs’ interpretations of the CT scans were calculated.

RESULTS:
A total of 268 thoracics and 185 abdominal CT scans were assessed in our study. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the EPs’ interpretation of the thoracic CT scans were 90% and 89%, respectively, whereas the abdominal CT interpretation was 88% and 86%, respectively. There was excellent concordance between the EPs and the radiology instructor with regard to the diagnoses of pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, pleural effusion, parenchymal pathology, and masses (κ: 0.90, κ: 0.87, κ: 0.71, κ: 0.79, and κ: 0.91, respectively) and to the diagnoses of intraabdominal free fluid, intraabdominal free gas, aortic pathology, splenic pathology, gallbladder pathology, mesenteric artery embolism, appendicitis, gynecological pathology, and renal pathology (κ: 1, κ: 0.92, κ: 0.96, κ: 0.88, κ: 0.80, κ: 0.79, κ: 0.89, κ: 0.88, and κ: 0.82, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
The EPs are successful in the interpretation of the urgent-emergent pathological findings in thoracic and abdominal CT scans.
Intraoperative Evaluation of Renal Resistive Index with Transesophageal Echocardiography for the Assessment of Acute Renal Injury in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
Authors: Kajal Kamal , Chauhan Rajeev , Negi Sunder Lal , Gourav KP , Panda Prashant , Mahajan Sachin , Sarna Rashi 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and is associated with a poor prognosis. Postoperative AKI is associated with morbidity, mortality, and increase in length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and increases the financial burden. Identifying individuals at risk for developing AKI in postoperative period is extremely important to optimize outcomes. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) derived renal resistive index (RRI) and AKI in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted in patients more than 18 years of age undergoing elective on pump CABG surgery between July 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, at a tertiary care center. All preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters were recorded. TEE measurement was performed in hemodynamically stable patients before the sternum was opened. Postoperative AKI was diagnosed based on the serial measurement of serum creatinine and the monitoring of urine output.

Results:
A total of 115 patients were included in our study. Thirty-nine (33.91%) patients had RRI >0.7 while remaining seventy-six (66.08%) patients had RRI <0.7. AKI was diagnosed in 26% (30/115) patients. AKI rates were significantly higher in patients with RRI values exceeding 0.7 with 46.15% (18/39) compared to 15.75% (12/76) in RRI values of less than 0.7. Multivariate analysis revealed that AKI was associated with an increase in RRI and diabetes mellitus. The RRI assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) to distinguish between non-AKI and AKI groups were 0.705 (95% CI: 0.588–0.826) for preoperative RRI. The most accurate cut-off value to distinguish non-AKI and AKI groups was a preoperative RRI of 0.68 with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 67%.

Conclusions:
An increased intraoperative RRI is an independent predictor of AKI in the postoperative period in patients undergoing CABG surgery. The cutoff value of TEE-derived RRI in the intraoperative period should be >0.68 to predict AKI in the postoperative period.
Vascular Access Complications in Patients Undergoing Veno-Arterial ECMO and Their Impact on Survival in Patients With Refractory Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Singh Vikrampal , Singh Gurmeet , Arya Rajesh Chand , Kapoor Samir , Garg Arun , Ralhan Sarju , Gupta Vivek K. , Mohan Bishav , Wander Gurpreet Singh , Gupta Rajiv K. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is well-recognized treatment modality for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Uncomplicated cannulation is a prerequisite and basis for achieving a successful outcome in ECMO. Vascular access is obtained either by surgical cut-down. Common vascular access complications are bleeding and limb ischemia.

Objective:
To evaluate cannulation technique, the incidence of vascular complications, and their impact on the outcome.

Methods:
A retrospective data analysis conducted on 95 patients receiving ECMO from 2013 to 2020 was done. The patients were divided into two groups: no vascular access complications (non-VAC group) and vascular access complications (VAC group). The groups were compared related to the hospital and ICU stays and blood transfusion.

Results:
The patients in both groups were demographically and clinically comparable. The Non-VAC group had 75 patients, whereas the VAC group had a total of 20 patients. The main complication observed in the VAC group was bleeding from the cannulation site which required more blood transfusion than the non-VAC group (6.8 ± 1.02 vs 4.2 ± 1.26). Limb ischemia was another complication seen in the VAC group (4.2%, n = 4). Two patients had delayed bleeding after decannulation. The overall average length of stay in the hospital was statistically similar in both the groups (22 days in the VAC group vs 18 days in the non-VAC group), but the average ICU stay was more in the VAC group compared to the non-VAC group (18 days vs 12.06 days).

Conclusion:
Bleeding and limb ischemia are the important vascular access site complications, which increase blood transfusion requirements, ICU stay, and overall hospital stay.
Tobacco Use and Its Association with Adverse Childhood Experiences in Adolescents
Authors: Datar Shrinidhi Sanjay , Devi P. Savithri , Raka Simran , Mankar Cheryl , Ture Priyadarsh , Raut Abhishek V. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Tobacco use is the most important modifiable determinant for prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Tobacco use is often initiated during adolescence, and understanding the factors associated with it is vital to prevent initiation. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and its association with adverse childhood experiences (ACE).

Materials and Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 randomly selected students from a rural school. The World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test tool and WHO ACE international questionnaire were used to assess ever users of tobacco and ACE, respectively.

Results:
The prevalence of “ever” and “current” use of tobacco was 20.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.8–26.2) and 14.5% (95%CI = 9.5–19.5), respectively. Majority (65.9%) of the tobacco users had moderate level of tobacco addiction, whereas around 15% had severe addiction. All (100%) the participants had replied in affirmative to at least one of the questions related to the ACEs. On bivariate analysis, male students (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 10.62, 95% CI = 3.62–31.21]), mothers with <10th grade education (POR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.08–4.42), parental awareness regarding free time (POR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.10–0.42), parents not giving enough food even when possible (POR = 5.28, 95% CI = 1.53–18.29), problem drinker in family (POR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.05–4.29), having divorced or separated parents (POR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.22–8.74), and being in a physical fight (POR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.19–4.87) had significantly higher odds of tobacco use. Adolescent boys (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 8.42, 95% CI = 2.60-26.60) and parental awareness regarding free time (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.17–0.94) were the significant predictors for tobacco consumption (P < 0.05) on binary logistic regression.

Conclusions:
Tobacco use is prevalent among adolescents and is significantly associated with experiencing ACEs.
Central nervous system manifestations of hematological malignancies
Authors: Khera Rachna , Ahmed Faiq , Mundada Manasi Chetan , Kommu Venkateswara Rao , Murthy Sudha S. , Challa Sundaram , Rajappa Senthil J. , Mallavarapu Krishna Mohan , Santa Ayyagari , Kumar Pavan B. 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Hematological malignancy presenting primarily with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations is rare and often portends a worse prognosis. The aim of this study is to report the spectrum of hematological malignancies presenting primarily with CNS symptoms.

Materials and Methods:
All histologically verified hematological malignancies involving CNS from January 2016 to December 2018 were included. The presence of lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, and bone marrow (BM) examination results was recorded to rule out a spread from systemic disease. The diagnosis was aided by special stains (reticulin) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as appropriate. Antibodies used were CD20, CD3, CD10, Bcl 2, Bcl 6, MUM 1, CD138, CD68, MPO, PCK, and Ki67. The Hans algorithm was used to classify diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into germinal center B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB types.

Results:
During the study period, 18 DLBCLs, 4 plasmacytomas, and 3 myeloid sarcomas (MSs) were diagnosed. DLBCLs included 16 primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and 2 systemic lymphomas with evidence of lymphadenopathy. PCNSLs had male predominance and a mean of 46 (14–67) years. Frontal lobe was the most common location. Seven (70%) PCNSLs were non-GCB type and 3 (30%) were GCB type. One was a primary spinal T cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma (a variant of DLBCL). Two were diagnosed as corticoid-mitigated lymphoma. One of the three MS cases had acute myeloid leukemia on BM examination and the rest two were isolated spinal masses with normal BM study. There were four spinal plasmacytomas, presenting with cord compression.

Conclusion:
Primary CNS presentation of hematological malignancies requires a high index of suspicion clinically and radiologically, and diagnosis requires IHC for proper classification.
Duration of West Nile Virus IgM Antibodies up to 81 Months Following West Nile Virus Disease Onset
Authors: Staples J. Erin , Gibney Katherine B. , Panella Amanda J. , Prince Harry E. , Basile Alison J. , Laven Janeen , Sejvar James J. , Fischer Marc 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
West Nile virus (WNV) IgM antibodies typically indicate a recent infection. However, WNV IgM antibodies can remain detectable for months to years following illness onset. We found that 23% (11/47) of samples tested with a WNV ELISA and 43% (20/47) of samples tested with WNV microsphere immunoassay (MIA) at 16–19 months following WNV illness onset were positive for IgM antibodies. The proportion of samples testing positive for WNV IgM by ELISA decreased over time, but 5% (2/44) of individuals remained positive at 60–63 months after their acute illness and 4% (2/50) were WNV IgM equivocal at 72–81 months. Testing by MIA showed the same general trend of decreased proportion positive over time though the rates of positivity were higher at most time points compared with the ELISA, including 6% (3/50) of participant’s samples identified as IgM positive by MIA at 72–81 months post their acute illness. With the MIA, there also was a high proportion of samples with nonspecific results at each time point; average of 23% across all time points. Clinicians and public health officials should consider these findings along with clinical and epidemiologic data when interpreting WNV IgM antibody test results.
Mycobacterium ulcerans Experimental Dormancy
Authors: Loukil Ahmed , Lalaoui Rym , Bogreau Hervé , Regoui Sofiane , Drancourt Michel , Hammoudi Nassim 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
Whether Mycobacterium ulcerans, the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer in numerous tropical countries, would exist in a dormant state as reported for closely related Mycobacterium species, has not been established. Six M. ulcerans strains were exposed to a progressive depletion in oxygen for 2 months, using the Wayne model of dormancy previously described for M. tuberculosis, and further examined by microscopy after staining of dynamic, dormant, and dead mycobacteria (DDD staining), microcalorimetry and subculture in the presence of dead and replicative M. ulcerans as controls. Mycobacterium ulcerans CU001 strain died during the progressive oxygen depletion and four of five remaining strains exhibited Nile red–stained intracellular lipid droplets and a 14- to 20-day regrowth when exposed to ambient air, consistent with dormancy. A fifth M. ulcerans 19423 strain stained negative in DDD staining and slowly regrew in 27 days. Three tested M. ulcerans strains yielded microcalorimetric pattern similar to that of the negative (dead) homologous controls, differing from that of the homologous positive (replicative) controls. The relevance of these experimental observations, suggesting a previously unreported dormancy state of M. ulcerans, warrants further investigations in the natural ecological niches where M. ulcerans thrive as well as in Buruli ulcer lesions.