bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Full Season Insecticide Evaluations, 1983
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticide treatments were applied in a comparative test to mature semidwarf trees on 5 Apr. (delayed dormant), 27 Apr. (pink), 25 May, 8 June, 23 June, 19 July, 3 Aug., and 25 Aug. Treatments were applied with a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 lb/in2. Single tree treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. White apple leafhopper populations were evaluated on 2 7 May by counting nymphs and adults on 10 leaves per replicate. European red mite populations were evaluated on 8 July, 27 July, and 22 Aug. by randomly selecting 10 leaves per replicate and counting motile mites with the aid of a hand lens. Stethoruspunctum (LeConte) was evaluated on 28 July and 23 Aug. by counting larva and adults in a timed count of 3 min per replicate. Fruit evaluations for insect damage were completed at harvest (30 Sept.) by examining 50 randomly selected fruit from each replicate. Percent clean fruit for each treatment was recorded. Fruit finish was rated on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 5 for each apple and averaged for the four replicates.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae with Foliar Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted at the Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, Minn., on 17 May, and at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm (RRVPGA), Grand Forks, N.D. on 14 May. Plots were of variable length with 38-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with three replications. All beetle larvae were counted on every plant in each replication until a minimum of 200 larvae were reached. Insecticide treatments were applied using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 38 gal water/acre at 30 lb/in2. Treatments were applied on 6 Jul. in Crookston and evaluated on 7 Jul. and 14 Jul. On the RRVPGA research farm, treatments were applied on 13 Jul. and 21 Jul. and evaluated on 14 Jul. and 22 Jul. At the Crookston location, the larvae were predominantly 1st to 3rd instar while those on the RRVPGA research farm were 2nd to 4th instar.
Potato Pest Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides and Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1982
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Johnston Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 20 May, at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. Stn., Dakota Co., Minn. Plots were four rows wide, 60 ft long with a 40-inch spacing between rows and 10 inches between plants. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Bravo fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendation from 2 June to the end of the season.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1983
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch R. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments A, B, and C were randomized complete block design with six replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, Maine, on land that was in clover in 1982. The planting dates were 18 May 1983, for experiment A and 2 and 3 June for experiments B and C, respectively. In each experiment the 2.0-m space between blocks and the 1.4-m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of four rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca 75 g each were planted with a tractor-pulled, assisted-feed planter. Fertilizer and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was affected by four foliar applications of Ciba-Geigy Ridomil MZ58 (2471 g/ha weeks of 18 July and 4 Aug., 3707 g/ha weeks of 16 and 30 Aug.). Soil applications of insecticides were made with a modified Gandy applicator just prior to planting or as a sidedressing after emergence. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10 Duncan’s multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun., Jul., and Aug. was, respectively, 1.66, 12.99., and 8.86 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 months was 17.8, 18.9, and 18.9°C.
Potato, Wireworm Control with Dyfonate and Phorate, College Place, Washington, 1982
Authors: Toba H. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted in a solid-set, sprinkler irrigated field at the College Dairy, Walla Walla College. The soil type was Yakima silt loam (Cumulic Haploxerolls), organic content unknown. On 27 April 1981, 20 soil samples were taken at the test site with a posthole digger to a depth of 18 inches; 18 sugarbeet wireworms were found for an estimated density of 3.6 wireworms/ft2 . Treatment plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times, and the plots measured 25 ft long and 11.3 ft wide (four rows; 34-inch row). Dyfonate granules were broadcast with a hand-operated Cyclone grass seeder on 3 Nov. 1981 for the fall application and on 6 Apr. 1982 for the spring application. The treated plots were rototilled immediately after application. On 6 May 1982, potatoes were planted with a two-row planter. Seed piece furrow applications were made with Gandy applicators mounted on the planter by applying the granules in a 1-inch band in the planter shoe, level with and directly ahead of the seed pieces. On 14 June 1982, the postemergence topical application of phorate was made by dribbling the granules over the row. All plots were then similarly treated with Temik (3 lb(AI)/A) and hilled with a rotary cultivator. On 4 October 1982, tuber samples were harvested from the two center rows of each plot (ca. 12 ft/row). All tubers were washed and evaluated for wireworm feeding damage, based on percentages by weight. Damage was defined as any injury as severe as described in Sec. 51.1560 and 51.1564 of the U.S. Standards for Grades of Potatoes. Percentages were transformed to x+0.5 before analyzing by analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Beers Elizabeth H. , Meagher Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of two replications of ‘Golden Delicious’ and two replicates of ‘York Imperial’. Treated trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gal/min pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying seven spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8 gal of spray were applied per replicate tree. Dates of application were 2 and 18 May (Orthene, Ambush, and Guthion treatments only), 3 and 17 June, 1 and 18 July, 1, 16, and 31 Aug. Orthene and Ambush treatments were only applied on 2 and 18 May and 3 June, and 2 and 18 May, respectively. Guthion was applied to these treatments thereafter. XE-905 was not applied on the last two spray dates. During the season, sprays of Cyprex, Topsin M, Polyram, captan, Rubigan, zineb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 GPA to the whole experimental block. Average temperatures were: May 57°F, June 68°F, July 74°F, Aug. 72°F, and Sept. 65°F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 4.98, June 4.42, July 0.83, Aug. 2.01, and Sept. 2.05. Effectiveness on apple aphid was evaluated by counting aphid infested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of sprays on WAHL was evaluated by counting nymphs per 25 leaves per tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM and TSSM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves per tree, 80 leaves per treatment. The effect of sprays on S.punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 July and two fruit samples on 22 Aug. and 19 Sept. Apple samples averaged 217 fruits per replicate and 868 per treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 ‘Golden Delicious’ apples per replicate, 60 per treatment. No russet (1), light russet (2), moderate russet (3), and severe russet (4). Possible means are: no russet to light russet 30-60, light to moderate russet 60-90, and moderate to severe russet 90-120.
Control of Alfalfa Insects in Iowa, 1983
Authors: Buntin G. David , Pedigo L.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots measuring 20 by 40 ft were established in a 3-year-old stand near Ames, Iowa. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Most treatments were conventionally applied with a CO2-charged (16 lb/in2 ) bicycle sprayer equipped with six SS8003 flat-fan nozzles. Ground speed was 2 mph which delivered 24 gal/acre. Three Penncap M treatments were applied with Micromaz CDA nozzles. Nozzles rotated at 5000 rev/min delivering 0.5 gal/acre at a 4 mph ground speed. All treatments were applied on 1 June when plants were in the bud stage and ca. 18 in. tall. Weather at application was sunny, 0 to 10 mph winds, 70 to 80°F, and ca. 60% RH. A standard 15 in. sweep-net was used to take 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot 1 day before treatment and 2, 7, and 14 days posttreatment. No phytoxicity was observed in any plot.
Potato Leafhopper and Pea Aphid Control on Alfalfa, 1983
Authors: Flessel John K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 3-year-old stand of Saranac ‘AR’ at the Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Cent, at Wooster, was used for this study. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer, calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 20 lb/in2. Plots were 30 by 80 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The alfalfa was 10 in. tall at treatment 21 July and 30 in. tall at the completion of the study. The weather was unusually hot and dry. Cygon was the standard.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Kentucky 1983
Authors: Parr J.C. , Pass B.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental area was in a 3-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 68 by 68 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 21 Jun. with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 TeeJet nozzles delivering 20 gal total volume/acre, and operated at a pressure of 35 lb/in2. The standard treatment of dimethoate was applied at the rate of 0.25 lb (AI)/acre. Population densities of the leafhopper were determined 3, 7, 10, 17, and 23 days following treatment by collecting 20 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-in. diam. beating net.
Fall Application of Disulfoton to Control Aphids in Barley, 1982-1983
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Disulfoton 8 insecticide was evaluated to determine its effectiveness in controlling aphid populations and subsequently reducing the infection of the virus that they transmit in barley. Foliar applications of disulfoton, at a rate of 1 pt/acre, were applied on 8 Dec. 1982 on ‘Barsoy’ barley grown on the Louis Packett farm near Warsaw, Va. A randomized block design was utilized with six replications. Individual plots were 9.1 by 3.1 m and spaced 1.8 m apart. Spray concentrate was applied with a compressed airlb/in2 that delivered 30 gal of finished formulation per acre. Aphid populations were monitored periodically from Dec.-May (10 total sampling dates) by examining whole plants for the presence of live aphids per 0.3m of row in each plot. At harvest, each plot was evaluated for the presence of barley yellow dwarf virus, a disease that had begun to show up at low levels on 8 Dec. Yield estimates were obtained from harvesting the center two rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture.
Insectigation for Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Dick G. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Garden City Exp. St. in Finney County, Kans. Five treatments plus a check were replicated four times around a center pivot which covered about 53 hectares. The plots measured 91 m wide along the outside wheel track. The treatments were applied with the system calibrated to deliver 0.64 cm of water using Senninger, model 4006, impact sprinklers. Chemicals were injected using an inject-o-meter piston pump at the rate of 237 ml/min. Each treatment was applied twice, once on 7 and 8 Aug., and once on 18 and 19 Aug. The first application was made at about the middle of the southwestern corn borer flight, and the second application was applied 11 days later, which follows current control recommendations. The treatments were evaluated for their effects on spider mites, European corn borer, southwestern corn borer. Spider mite populations were evaluated on 25 Aug. by counting adult female mites on one side of the midrib of leaves on one site of four corn plants (0.25 plant) in each plot. Corn borer counts were made on 9 Sept. by disecting 20 corn plants per plot (four subsamples of five plants). All samples were made near the center of the plot between the 1st and 2nd towers from the outside edge of the circle.
Apple, Airblast Acaricide Evaluation, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Beers Elizabeth H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were applied at various times to manage ERM in conjunction with its predators, S.punctum. Each treatment was applied to single 8-yr-old trees in a randomized block design consisting of two replicates of Stayman and three replicates of ‘Delicious.’ Treatments were applied with an airblast sprayer at 25 gal/acre per alternate side driven at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts per acre per both sides spray. Spray dates for alternate side treatments were 27 and 29 Apr. (NC-21314 treatments), 28 Jun. and 7 Jun. (all Kelthane and Plictran treatments), 13 Jul. (NC-21314 treatments), and 19 Jul. (NC-21314, low rate of Kelthane, and Plictran treatments). In the 27 and 29 Apr., and 28 Jun. sprays an error in calibration resulted in 16% less material applied. Fungicides and insecticides applied during the season were: Cyprex, Topsin M, Captan, Zineb, and Lorsban. Average temperatures were: Apr. 47°F, May 57°F, Jun. 68°F, Jul. 74°F, Aug. 72°F. Rainfall in inches totaled: Apr. 8.18, May 4.98, Jun. 4.42, Jul. 0.83, Aug. 2.01. Effects of treatments on ERM were evaluated by counting mites several times during the season from samples of 25 leaves per tree, 125 leaves per treatment. The predator S.punctum was observed by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Field Corn, Stalk Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Foster David E. , Wintersteen Wendy K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots located near Bernard, Jackson County, Iowa, were planted no-till on 2 June. Treatments were replicated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 9 rows by 20 m. Treatments were applied using a CO2 propeled backpack sprayer equipped with Teejet 11004 nozzles, delivering 15 gal/acre at 20 lb/in2. Plots treated with an insecticide-herbicide tank mix were sprayed on 8 June. Remaining plots, except the untreated check, were sprayed on 8 June with paraquat at 1 lb cation active/acre to burn down a heavy infestation of wirestem muhly, Muhlenberqia Frondosa (Toir) Fern. Foliar insecticides other than tank mixes, were applied 10 June when corn was in the early spike stage. Stand counts were made on 16 June. Treatments were evaluated on 25 June by visually determining the number of stalk borer infested plants per 17.4 ft in the center of each of the two middle rows of each plot.
Western Bean Cutworm Aerial Trial, Otis, Colorado, 1983
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment consisted of from three to five 50-ft swaths supplied by a Pawnee PA-25 (Hutchinson Wing) aircraft. All treatments were at 28 lb/in2 through 23 Hollowcore 4-45 cone nozzles. Volume was 1 gal/acre. Larvae in the ears of 10 groups of 10 plants were counted. Applications were made 1 Aug. and evaluated 16 Aug. Pest pressure was high, with 1.8 larvae per plant in the check.
Early Season Control of the Southern Corn Rootworm in Field Corn with Granular Soil Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Riley Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten granular soil insecticides registered for control of larvae of the southern corn rootworm were evaluated at two rates in Louisiana. Pioneer Brand 3369-A field corn was used in the test. The corn was planted 18 Mar. at the farm of a grower/cooperator near Sunset, La., in Saint Landry parish. Insecticides were applied using a 2-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry pint jars of insecticide. The jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7 in band or in-furrow applicator to obtain the desired placement of insecticide. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides, other than Mocap, were applied ahead of the press wheel and were further incorporated by the drag chain. Corn seeds were planted in a conventional manner at the same time as insecticide application. A completely randomized block design was used with four replications. Each treatment consisted of two 50-ft rows spaced 36 in. apart. Twenty-foot alleys separated each replication. Treatments were evaluated by counting dead and dying and undamaged plants in 50 ft of row. Evaluation was done on 26 Apr., 34 days postplanting. The soil type at the test site is a silt loam soil with fair drainage.
Field Corn, Postemergence Treatments for True Armyworm Control, 1983
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated in June 1983, Montgomery County, Va., for their effectiveness in controlling the true armyworm in no-till field corn when applied as rescue treatments. Corn was planted in 30-in. rows 10 May. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design measuring four rows by 50 ft by four replicates. Plant stand counts were recorded 8 June from the two center rows per plot. Pretreatment data were recorded 13 June by counting the number of armyworm damaged plants from the two center rows per plot. The insecticides were placed over each row of plants 13 June with a compressed air sprayer equipped with 1 fan type nozzle (Teejet 8003) and delivering 20 gal/acre at 30 lb/in2. Posttreatment data were recorded 20 June. The number of plants with feeding damage on the new whorl growth only were recorded from the two center rows per plot. Yields were determined 14 Sept. Whole stalks were harvested as for ensilage from 0.0023 acre per plot.
Insecticide Control Demonstration of Spider Mites On Cotton, 1983
Authors: Gallaher Martin L. , Kowalski Edward 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this demonstration was to evaluate currently recommended insecticides for spider mite control and to determine if soybean oil (SBOC Standard) is better suited than water as a carrier of insecticides. ‘Delcot 390’ cotton was planted 21 May on the Univ. of Missouri Delta Center Lee Farm near Portageville (Pemiscot County), Mo. Eight row plots 100 ft long were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied on 2 Aug. Water carried insecticides were applied with a four-row boom at a rate of 2.38 qt per acre (8.8 mph, 20 lb/in2, one Micro-max nozzle #20 orifice per row, 2,000 rpm) through an air pressurized system. Ten leaves exhibiting spider mite symptoms were picked per plot, bagged and brought back to the laboratory where mites per leaf were counted with the aid of a microscope. Plots were sampled at 2, 7, and 14 day intervals to determine the number of live mites present per leaf.
Control of

Heliothis

Spp. Larvae on Cotton with Insecticide Combinations,1983
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Chambers H. , Roush R. , Conley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted on the Plant Sci. Res. Farm at Mississippi State Univ. to measure the efficacy of pyrethroid, carbamate, organophosphous, and formamidine insecticides applied alone and in various combinations for control of Heliothis spp. larvae on cotton. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots were four rows (38-in. rows) by 60-ft with two buffer rows between plots. Treatments were applied on 24 Jul., 4 Aug., 12 Aug., and 17 Aug. All plots were oversprayed for boll weevil control with Guthion (0.25 lb (AI)/acre) on 30 June., 8 Jul., 18 Jul., 22 Jul., 29 Jul., 10 Aug., 22 Aug., and 24 Aug. Plots were evaluated on 5 Aug. and 11 Aug. by randomly examining 25 terminals and 25 squares/plot. Boll counts were made on 5 Sep. by examining 10 plants per plot. Yield data were collected by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot on 31 Oct.
Apple, Concentrate Airblast Insecticide Test, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Meagher Robert L. , Beers Elizabeth H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of three replicates of ‘York Imperial’ and two replicates of ‘Golden Delicious.’ Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gal/acre per alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts per acre per both sides spray. Spray dates for treatments were: 18 and 25 May; 3, 10, 17, and 27 Jun.; 7, 15, and 25 Jul.; 3, 12, 19, and 26 Aug; and 2 Sept. Fungicides applied during the season were: Cyprex, Topsin M, Polyram, Rubigan, captan, zineb, and calcium chloride. Average temperatures were: May 57°F, Jun. 68°F, Jul. 75°F, Aug. 72°F, and Sept. 65°F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 4.98, Jun. 4.42, Jul. 0.83, Aug. 2.01, and Sept. 2.05. Effectiveness on apple aphid was evaluated by counting aphid infested leaves per 10 top terminals, and aphids per most infested leaf per infested terminal. The effect of sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs per 25 leaves per tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves per tree, 75 leaves per treatment. The effect of sprays on S.punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 July and two pick samples on 15 Aug. and 16 Sept. Apple samples averaged 236 fruits per replicate and 1178/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Foliar Applications for Thrips Control on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Micinski Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated for thrips control using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two replications were planted 28 Apr. to ‘Gumbo 500’ variety cotton. The remaining two replications were planted 3 May to ‘Stoneville 825’ variety cotton. Plots were 16 rows by 60.9 m (1.02-m centers). Foliar applications were broadcast using a high-clearance sprayer on 1 June. Insecticides were applied in 28.0 liter/ha total solution with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Thrips counts were made by pulling 10 plants per plot on each sample date and beating them over a “thrips-catcher”, which consisted of a 17.8 by 14.0 by 5.1-cm box covered with 18 by 16-mesh wire screen. In the end of the box a slit was cut to allow insertion of an aluminum plate coated with tanglefoot. Plates were examined under a binocular microscope and counts made of both larvae and adults.