bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genealogy of tiger nationalism in Korea: post-colonial discourse, Ch'oe Namsŏn and the Seoul Olympics
Authors: Kim Hyosook , Clements Rebekah , Rhyu Mina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study applies a genealogical mode of enquiry to the history of tigers as a symbol of Korea and the Korean people. The zoomorphic idea of Korea as a tiger is conventionally traced to the writings of the intellectual, Ch'oe Namsŏn (1890–1957). However, we argue that while Ch'oe was the first to link tigers with modern Korean nationalism, low levels of literacy and Ch'oe's later ambiguous status as a Japanese “collaborator” meant his promotion of the tiger symbol failed to gain traction. Instead, we locate the making of the modern Korean tiger metaphor in multiple post-colonial sites of cultural inscription, including national newspapers, zoos and museums, which generate and diffuse narratives about the ancient and continuous origins of the Korean people. In particular, it was during the 1980s that the successful Seoul Olympic bid and the Chŏn dictatorship's cultural policy converged to facilitate the “rediscovery” of the tiger as a national symbol with a supposedly ancient heritage, and with Ch'oe and his problematic legacy effaced. We also observe a continuing resistance to Japanese hegemony and a post-colonial construction of Korean identity through the recasting of the tiger – originally a Japanese symbol of Korea – in a new light.
Alan Richardson’s Biblical Theology, ‘Faith Principle’ and Attempts to Protect Public Faith
Authors: Root Terry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNineteenth-century liberalism within the Church of England together with the opposition of Anglo-Catholic and Evangelical wings of the church created a confusing and volatile religious environment for many of its adherents. In the twentieth-century English modernism, adding scientific naturalism to the mix, rejected Christian creedal assertions which were seen as mere dogmatism. As the century progressed many Anglican scholar-clerics began the struggle to find a theological via media which accepted liberalism’s use of the historico-critical approach to the Bible but not the rejection of Anglican creedal affirmations. Alan Richardson was one of these and this article will examine his neo-orthodox development of a faith principal which rejected the modernist dichotomy between theology, science and history that he believed was undermining public faith.
Police Violence in Black and White
Authors: Roychoudhury Debanjan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrawing on articles fromThe New York Timesand theNew York Amsterdam News, this study analyzes reporting on the police killings of ten-year-old Clifford Glover in 1973, and twenty-three-year-old Sean Bell in 2006, in both instances by New York City Police Department (NYPD) 103rdPrecinct officers in Jamaica, Queens. Using critical discourse analysis to study the differences in newspaper representations of police killings, this analysis follows Ida B. Wells-Barnett’s classic 1892 studySouthern Horrors: Lynch Law in All its Phases.Wells-Barnett’s framework of Black Press and White Press is applied to this contemporary comparison of news coverage, asking how Black Press and White Press challenge or accept official police accounts of encounters where police kill Black youth and adults, as well as how they engage community members in their account of events leading to fatal police contact. The study historically contextualizes the localized relationship between police violence, media, and protest by focusing on depictions of two separate, publicized police killings and subsequent officer acquittals in the same neighborhood and precinct, thirty-three years apart. Studying the history of policing and rebellion in one neighborhood provides critical insight into representations of localized police violence by Black Press and White Press over time. The findings of this study function together to explain racialized discourse on police, victims, and communities in the wake of historic police violence and officer acquittals.
Production and use of homemade dry manure-based tea in fertigation systems in North Africa
Authors: Leauthaud Crystele , Ameur Fatah , Richa Amina , Ben Yahmed Jihène , Tadjer Nouredine , Bakouchi Sahbi , Akakpo Koladé , Djezzar Miliani , Amichi Hichem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganic matter water extract, or so-called ‘tea’, may be used to correct nutrient deficiencies in crops or enhance their defense systems. Such tea mixtures are prepared locally by Mediterranean farmers to offset a multitude of constraints, particularly a scarcity of organic manure or high synthetic input costs. However, the diverse range of tea production and usage practices and farmers' underlying rationales have yet to be thoroughly studied. Yet locally they constitute real alternatives that allow farmers to maintain their income levels while reducing reliance on chemical inputs. The main objective of this study was to gain insight into farmers' rationale and practices regarding the production of homemade dry manure tea (HMT) in North Africa, while also highlighting the benefits perceived by farmers. Nearly 50 interviews with farmers were thus conducted in three irrigated cropping areas in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Our results showed that HMT is widely used in intensified family horticultural cropping systems that usually rely on drip irrigation and chemical fertilization. The analysis of farmers' practices revealed that HMT was generally made from aged manure that was pure or consisted of a mixture of sheep, cow or poultry dung. The production protocol varied in terms of drenching techniques, maceration time, container volume and type, and filtration techniques. Farmers applied the derived tea via the drip irrigation system, regularly or with a limited number of applications. The analysis of farmers' rationales and perceptions regarding HMT clearly highlighted that they felt that these practices played a positive role. HMT was considered to improve vegetative growth, yield and, to a lesser extent, soil properties. These benefits could in turn lead to decreased use of synthetic fertilizers by farmers, while boosting their income. The increased understanding of HMT and the underlying rationales showcased in this study could help scientists better analyze and assess these practices in the future. The findings could also facilitate improvement and wider dissemination of these practices to achieve more sustainable irrigation systems in the intensified irrigated cropping areas that abound in North Africa.
Dynamic importance allocated nested simulation for variable annuity risk measurement
Authors: Dang Ou , Feng Mingbin , Hardy Mary R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEstimating tail risk measures for portfolios of complex variable annuities is an important enterprise risk management task which usually requires nested simulation. In the nested simulation, the outer simulation stage involves projecting scenarios of key risk factors under the real-world measure, while the inner simulations are used to value pay-offs under guarantees of varying complexity, under a risk-neutral measure. In this paper, we propose and analyse an efficient simulation approach that dynamically allocates the inner simulations to the specific outer scenarios that are most likely to generate larger losses. These scenarios are identified using a proxy calculation that is used only to rank the outer scenarios, not to estimate the tail risk measure directly. As the proxy ranking will not generally provide a perfect match to the true ranking of outer scenarios, we calculate a measure based on the concomitant of order statistics to test whether further tail scenarios are required to ensure, with given confidence, that the true tail scenarios are captured. This procedure, which we call the dynamic importance allocated nested simulation approach, automatically adjusts for the relationship between the proxy calculations and the true valuations and also signals when the proxy is not sufficiently accurate.
Real-time measurement of portfolio mortality levels in the presence of shocks and reporting delays
Authors: Richards Stephen J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic requires that actuaries track short-term mortality fluctuations in the portfolios they manage. This demands methods that not only operate over much shorter time periods than a year but that also deal with reporting delays. In this paper, we consider a semi-parametric approach for tracking portfolio mortality levels in continuous time. We identify both seasonal patterns and mortality shocks, thus providing a comparison benchmark for the impact of COVID-19 in terms of a portfolio’s own past experience. A parametric model is presented to allow for the average impact of seasonal variation and also reporting delays. We find that an estimate of mortality reporting delays can be made from a single extract of experience data. This can be used to forecast unreported deaths and improve estimates of recent mortality levels. Results are given for annuity portfolios in France, the UK and the USA.
Assessing the Effect of Media Tone on Attitudes Toward Muslims: Evidence From an Online Experiment
Authors: Bleich Erik , Carpenter Jeffrey , van der Veen A. Maurits 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMedia coverage of Muslims has been repeatedly shown to be negative, and attitudes toward Muslims in American society are typically more negative than attitudes toward other social groups. Does the tone of media coverage directly affect public attitudes? This relationship is not well established with respect to Muslims, nor as a proposition about social groups in general. We use an online between-subjects experiment to examine whether exposure to articles of quantifiably different valences about Muslims or Catholics affects reported attitudes toward each of those groups. We find clear support for this proposition. Our additional tests demonstrate that this effect persists but is attenuated when money is at stake. We also identify anxiety as a key mediator between exposure to articles of different valences and attitudes about each group. Our findings suggest that articles of a particular tone can influence views of social groups.
Natural and Anthropogenic Driving Forces of Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Flux: A Model Comparison Study at Global Scale
Authors: Zeng Sibo , Kaufmann Georg , Liu Zaihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe continental weathering process is driven by environmental factors such as changes in temperature, moisture, and CO2 concentration, which can have natural (climate) or anthropogenic (land‐use) origins. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the global applicability of different environmental drivers, which can be used to estimate the global carbonate dissolution intensity (bicarbonate concentration, (HCO3−), as a proxy) and the related carbon sink flux (CCSF). We employ three ecological models and a series of satellite‐based databases, which provide estimates on soil CO2‐concentrations (pCO2). By using the three parameterized pCO2, global temperature (T) and runoff (N), we obtain similar global averages for (HCO3−) and CCSF, ranging from 2.73 to 2.81 mmol L−1 and 4.52–5.36 t C km−2 yr−1. We compare our calculated (HCO3−) to observed carbonate spring records. The results indicate that the net primary production based pCO2 (NPP‐pCO2) model is more accurate for simulating (HCO3−) in most boreal and temperate ecosystems, while the soil‐water content based pCO2 (SWC‐pCO2) model may perform better in forests. According to the findings in this study, we stress that natural and anthropogenic factors are strongly intertwined in shaping global (HCO3−) and CCSF patterns. Due to the crucial role of human land‐uses in pCO2 and water yield, future human land‐use changes may be as significant as natural climatic changes for carbonate weathering and thus the relevant carbon sink.
Electron‐Only Reconnection as a Transition Phase From Quiet Magnetotail Current Sheets to Traditional Magnetotail Reconnection
Authors: Hubbert M. , Russell C. T. , Qi Yi , Lu S. , Burch J. L. , Giles B. L. , Moore T. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Earth's magnetotail, we report three types of current sheets: Quiet current sheets supported by antiparallel lobe fields, “electron‐only” reconnecting current sheets, and traditionally reconnecting current sheets. We survey Earth's magnetotail for each current sheet type and perform event studies on one of each. One quiet current sheet, three electron‐only reconnecting current sheets, and one traditionally reconnecting current sheet are placed in order to showcase the possible time‐evolution of reconnection onset. Over time, electron‐only reconnecting current sheets increase in thickness, electron and ion outflow exhaust, perpendicular ion temperature, parallel electron temperature, and Hall electric field. These features support a transition phase from a quiet current sheet to traditional reconnection. Statistics of each current sheet type show that, during electron‐only reconnection, electrons are heated and evacuate the reconnection region while ions retain the properties of a quiet current sheet. In addition, statistics of solar wind properties indicate that electron‐only and traditional reconnection do not have unique solar wind drivers. Guide field statistics of electron‐only reconnection imply that aspects of the driving mechanism of electron‐only reconnection remain unclear.
Azimuthally Anisotropic Structure in the Crust and Uppermost Mantle in Central East China and Its Significance to Regional Deformation Around the Tan‐Lu Fault Zone
Authors: Bem Terhemba Shadrach , Liu Chuanming , Yao Huajian , Luo Song , Yang Yuan , Liu Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeismic anisotropy can be linked to different mechanisms, structures, and sources. We constrained the 3‐D depth‐dependent shear wave speed isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic structures with Rayleigh wave phase velocity from ambient noise in central Eastern China. We compared the results with other models and found that in the upper crust, the maximum horizontal stress direction differs mainly from the anisotropy that coincides with the strikes of major faults and geologic structures. We inferred that the anisotropy within proximity of faults might be related to fault fabrics, including fractures that strike parallel to the fast axes. The Tan‐Lu Fault controls the anisotropy in the crust to the uppermost mantle. The direction of fast axes in the fault zone is NNE‐SSW to N‐S, coinciding with the fault strike and trend that matches the fault shape on the surface. Southeastern North China craton has a weak anisotropy in the crust and uppermost mantle. The sources are possibly connected to the thrusting, tight trending folds, and dipping thrusts observed to be sub‐parallel to the Dabie Orogenic Belt (DOB). We propose that the NNE‐SSW Zhangbaling uplift group comes from the extension and ductile shearing in the Tan‐Lu Fault zone and the dragging of the northeastern South China Craton in the crust and the uppermost mantle. The N‐S polarized fast axes in the lower crust and uppermost mantle across the Sulu orogen and Xuzhou thrust‐and‐fold belt are the products of the resultant effect of subduction and deep Tan‐Lu faulting.
PM2.5‐Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and Oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) in Typical Traffic‐Related Receptor Environments
Authors: Wang T. , Zhao J. , Liu Y. , Peng J. , Wu L. , Mao H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPM2.5‐bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) around roadside, port and airport areas were investigated to evaluate the impacts of vehicle, ship and aviation emissions on PAHs and their derivatives in relevant receptor environments. The PAHs concentrations in fuels increased in the following order: jet fuel < heavy fuel oil for vessel < automobile diesel fuel. However, the average mass ratio concentrations of PM2.5‐bound PAHs in roadside, port and airport areas were 42.9, 158.7 and 260.4 μg/g, respectively. The low PAHs concentrations in fuel were relevant to the high PAHs emissions. The composition of the molecular species showed that 5‐ and 6‐rings PAHs were dominated in roadside area, while 3‐ and 4‐rings PAHs were major proportions in port and airport areas. The average mass ratio concentrations of PM2.5‐bound NPAHs and OPAHs concentrations in roadside, port and airport areas were 23.5 and 115.2, 4.8 and 39.9, and 26.4 and 284.2 μg/g, respectively. The different variation tendencies between PAHs and their derivates, dominant individual NPAHs, diagnostic ratios of NPAH isomers and principal component analysis revealed that primary emission was the major contributor to NPAHs and OPAHs in three receptor environments, and secondary formation played non‐negligible roles in NPAHs formation in roadside and airport areas. In addition, 9‐nitroanthracene (9‐NAnt) and anthraquinone (ATQ) were found to be the indicatory compounds for traffic emission. Taken together, these results may provide a basic information for assessing the impact of traffic emission sources on PAC emissions to the related receptor environment.
Approaches of stem cell mobilization in a large cohort of metastatic germ cell cancer patients
Authors: Madanchi Ramin , Engel Nils W. , Alsdorf Winfried , Oing Christoph , Frenzel Christian , Paulsen Finn-Ole , Bokemeyer Carsten , Seidel Christoph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh-dose chemotherapy (HD-Cx) in refractory germ cell cancer (GCC) is effective but limited data are available concerning the optimal approach for stem cell mobilization (SCM) in these patients. In this analysis 102 patients undergoing SCM during first (n = 25) or subsequent treatment lines (n = 77) were analyzed. Subcutaneous injections of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were given once daily (group 1) in 52 patients (51%), twice daily (group 2) in 39 patients (38%) or one injection Pegylated-G-CSF (PegG-CSF) (group 3) in eleven patients (11%) after one cycle of mobilization chemotherapy. Plerixafor was administered 13 times in group 1, seven times in group 2 and once in group 3. Overall, 77 (75%) patients achieved successful SCM defined as ≥8*106CD34+ cells/kg body weight for three consecutive HD-Cx plus one backup dose. In group 1, 40 of 52 patients (77%) achieved successful SCM with a median of 11 G-CSF injections, in group 2, 27 of 39 patients (69%) with a median of 14 G-CSF injections and in group 3, 10 of 11 patients (91%) with one injection of PegG-CSF. SCM was more successful if conducted during first-line chemotherapy (p = 0.016) and associated with a beneficial outcome concerning overall survival (p = 0.02) if performed satisfactorily.
Wnt signaling is boosted during intestinal regeneration by a CD44-positive feedback loop
Authors: Walter Romina J. , Sonnentag Steffen J. , Munoz-Sagredo Leonel , Merkel Melanie , Richert Ludovic , Bunert Felix , Heneka Yvonne M. , Loustau Thomas , Hodder Michael , Ridgway Rachel A. , Sansom Owen J. , Mely Yves , Rothbauer Ulrich , Schmitt Mark , Orian-Rousseau Véronique 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnhancement of Wnt signaling is fundamental for stem cell function during intestinal regeneration. Molecular modules control Wnt activity by regulating signal transduction. CD44 is such a positive regulator and a Wnt target gene. While highly expressed in intestinal crypts and used as a stem cell marker, its role during intestinal homeostasis and regeneration remains unknown. Here we propose a CD44 positive-feedback loop that boosts Wnt signal transduction, thus impacting intestinal regeneration. Excision of Cd44 in Cd44fl/fl;VillinCreERT2 mice reduced Wnt target gene expression in intestinal crypts and affected stem cell functionality in organoids. Although the integrity of the intestinal epithelium was conserved in mice lacking CD44, they were hypersensitive to dextran sulfate sodium, and showed more severe inflammation and delayed regeneration. We localized the molecular function of CD44 at the Wnt signalosome, and identified novel DVL/CD44 and AXIN/CD44 complexes. CD44 thus promotes optimal Wnt signaling during intestinal regeneration.
Blocking iASPP/Nrf2/M-CSF axis improves anti-cancer effect of chemotherapy-induced senescence by attenuating M2 polarization
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhao Dong , Li Huayi , Zhang Wenxin , Lin Qingyu , Wang Xingwen , Zheng Shanliang , Zhang Lei , Li Li , Hu Shaoshan , Hu Ying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe complex interaction between cancer cells and the immune microenvironment is a central regulator of tumor growth and the treatment response. Chemotherapy-induced senescence is accompanied by the senescence-associated secretion phenotype (SASP). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the SASP remain the most poorly understood element of senescence. Here, we show that nuclear erythroid factor 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2), a master antioxidative transcription factor, accumulates upon doxorubicin-induced senescence. This is due to the increased cytoplasmic Inhibitor of Apoptosis Stimulating Protein of P53, iASPP, which binds with Keap1, interrupting Keap1/Nrf2 interaction and promoting Nrf2 stabilization and activation. Activated Nrf2 transactivates a novel target gene of SASP factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which subsequently acts on macrophages and induces polarization from M1 to M2 via a paracrine mechanism. Genetic inhibition of iASPP-Nrf2 suppresses the growth of apoptosis-resistant xenografts, with further analysis revealing that M-CSF/M-CSFR-regulated macrophage polarization is critical for the functional outcomes delineated above. Overall, our data uncover a novel function of iASPP-Nrf2 in skewing the immune microenvironment under treatment-induced senescence. Targeting the iASPP-Nrf2 axis could be a powerful strategy for the implementation of new chemotherapy-based therapeutic opportunities.
Induction of apoptosis and autosis in cardiomyocytes by the combination of homocysteine and copper via NOX-mediated p62 expression
Authors: Yin Ran , Wang Huan , Li Chun , Wang Lulu , Lai Songqing , Yang Xianhe , Hong Daojun , Zhang Wan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh levels of homocysteine (Hcy) associated with cardiovascular events are accompanied by increased copper (Cu) concentrations in the blood. Hcy has been shown to promote endothelial dysfunction, whereas the effect of Hcy on cardiomyocytes and the role of Cu in the pathogenesis remain less understood. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the combination of Hcy and Cu2+-induced apoptosis and autosis of cardiomyocytes simultaneously, and thus led to cardiac dysfunction in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. These effects were associated with p22phoxactivation and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mediated p62 upregulation. Inhibition of the expression of p22phoxor p62 in cardiomyocytes significantly attenuated Hcy and Cu2+-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death. Furthermore, interrupting the NOX–p62 axis prevented diastolic dysfunction in hyperhomocysteinemic rats (HcyR). These findings establish that the induction of apoptosis and autosis of cardiomyocytes through stimulating the NOX–p62-signaling pathway constitutes a novel mechanism of Hcy and Cu-induced cardiac dysfunction.