bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health and social isolation under repeated mild lockdowns in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Uchiumi Chigusa , Suzuki Naho , Sugaya Nagisa , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Machado Sérgio , Imperatori Claudio , Budde Henning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe influence of repeated lockdowns on mental health and social isolation is unknown. We conducted a longitudinal study of the influence of repeated mild lockdowns during two emergency declarations in Japan, in May 2020 and February 2021. The analyses included 7893 people who participated in all online surveys. During repeated mild lockdowns, mental and physical symptoms decreased overall, while loneliness increased and social networks decreased. Subgroup analyses revealed that depression and suicidal ideation did not decrease only in the younger age group (aged 18–29 years) and that younger and middle-aged people (aged 18–49 years), women, people with a history of treatment for mental illness, and people who were socially disadvantaged in terms of income had higher levels of mental and physical symptoms at all survey times. Additionally, comprehensive extraction of the interaction structure between depression, demographic attributes, and psychosocial variables indicated that loneliness and social networks were most closely associated with depression. These results indicate that repeated lockdowns have cumulative negative effects on social isolation and loneliness and that susceptible populations, such as young people and those with high levels of loneliness, require special consideration during repeated lockdown situations.
Cataract surgery in patients with Fuchs’ dystrophy and corneal decompensation indicated for Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Chou Wei-Yi , Kuo Yih-Shiuan , Lin Pei-Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe availability of corneal donor tissue is limited in most developing countries. This study evaluated whether patients with coexisting cataract and Fuchs’ dystrophy with corneal decompensation awaiting Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) benefited from phacoemulsification. This is a retrospective case–control study which included patients with Fuchs’ dystrophy and evidence of corneal decompensation awaiting DMEK. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were documented at baseline (pre-cataract surgery in the case group, or at the time of transplantation registry in the control group), 1-month and pre-DMEK. A total of 16 phakic patients with visually significant cataracts had cataract surgery during the study period, and 15 pseudophakic patients were included as controls. There was no significant difference with regard to BCVA at baseline, 1-month or pre-DMEK between the case and control groups. Similarly, no significant difference in CCT was found at baseline, 1-month or pre-DMEK. In the case group, 4 patients with improved visual acuity post-cataract surgery chose to defer DMEK. After stratification, statistical analysis showed significantly better BCVA in the deferred group (n = 4) at 1-month post-cataract surgery, compared to the DMEK group (n = 12) (0.21 ± 0.21 vs. 0.86 ± 0.29 LogMAR, P = 0.004). The other parameters, including baseline BCVA and CCT at any time point documented, were not statistically different. In conclusion, in patients with Fuchs’ dystrophy and decompensated corneas awaiting transplantation, phacoemulsification did not lead to significant increase of corneal thickness nor deterioration of visual acuity. A few patients achieved satisfactory vision after cataract surgery and deferred endothelial keratoplasty.
SARS-CoV-2 delta variant infection in domestic dogs and cats, Thailand
Authors: Jairak Waleemas , Chamsai Ekkapat , Udom Kitikhun , Charoenkul Kamonpan , Chaiyawong Supassama , Techakriengkrai Navapon , Tangwangvivat Ratanaporn , Suwannakarn Kamol , Amonsin Alongkorn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn June–September 2021, we investigated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in domestic dogs and cats (n = 225) in Bangkok and the vicinities, Thailand. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a dog and a cat from COVID-19 positive households. Whole genome sequence analysis identified SARS-CoV-2 delta variant of concern (B.1.617.2). Phylogenetic analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 isolated from dog and cat were grouped into sublineage AY.30 and AY.85, respectively. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in both dog (day 9) and cat (day 14) after viral RNA detection. This study raises awareness on spill-over of variant of concern in domestic animals due to human-animal interface. Thus, surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic pets should be routinely conducted.
New generation of highly sensitive radon detectors based on activated carbon with compensated temperature dependence
Authors: Pressyanov Dobromir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently patented compensation module for sensors of radioactive noble gases paves the way for novel designs of radon detectors/monitors with adsorbents, suitable for long-term measurements. The module compensates the strong influence of the temperature on the response of detectors with activated carbon or other ad/absorbents. This report describes radon detectors in which activated carbon fabric is coupled with a solid state nuclear track detector and placed in a compensation module. The module is a hermetic volume made of polyethylene foil, through which the radon diffuses. Two reciprocal trends make possible the temperature compensation: that of the radon penetration through the walls, which increases with the increase of the temperature, and that of the adsorption, which decreases. The results show that outside the module the variation of the detector response over the range of 5–35 °C is 230–305%. In contrast, inside the module the variation is reduced to 6–17%. The module also protects the sensor from humidity and thoron, keeping its sensitivity to radon 7–9 times higher than that of commonly used radon detectors. This makes the new detectors very useful for measurement of low radon concentrations in the atmosphere.
Frontal cortical activation during emotional and non-emotional verbal fluency tests
Authors: Yeung Michael K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere has been growing recognition of the utility of combining the verbal fluency test and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess brain functioning and to screen for psychiatric disorders. Recently, an emotional analogue of the semantic fluency test (SFT) has been developed that taps partly different processes from conventional verbal fluency tests. Nevertheless, neural processing during the emotional SFT remains elusive. Here, fNIRS was used to compare frontal cortical activation during emotional and non-emotional SFTs. The goal was to determine whether the emotional SFT activated overlapping yet distinct frontal cortical regions compared with the conventional, non-emotional SFT. Forty-three healthy young adults performed the emotional and non-emotional SFTs while hemodynamic changes in the bilateral frontopolar, dorsomedial, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and posterolateral frontal cortices were measured by fNIRS. There were significant increases in oxyhemoglobin concentration and significant decreases in deoxyhemoglobin concentration (i.e., activation) in frontopolar, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral frontal regions during both the non-emotional and emotional SFTs. Also, complementary analyses conducted on changes in the two chromophores using classical and Bayesian hypothesis testing suggested that comparable frontal cortical regions were activated while performing the two tests. This similarity in activation occurred in a context where non-emotional and emotional SFT performances exhibited differential relationships with the overall level of negative mood symptoms. In conclusion, frontal cortical activation during the emotional SFT is similar to that during the conventional, non-emotional SFT. Given that there is evidence for discriminant validity for the emotional SFT, the neural mechanisms underlying the uniqueness of this test warrant further investigation.
Detection of cognitive decline by spinal posture assessment in health exams of the general older population
Authors: Nishimura Hikaru , Ikegami Shota , Uehara Masashi , Takahashi Jun , Tokida Ryosuke , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent increase in the older adult population has led to a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment, which is often overlooked in routine health examinations. Citizens aged 50–89 years were targeted for this cohort survey by random sampling from the resident registry of a cooperating town in 2014. A total of 411 participants (202 male and 209 female) were enrolled. We analyzed the distribution of cognitive function test scores as determined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination tests in each age (50’s, 60’s, 70’s and 80’s) and sex group to examine whether cognitive decline could be detected by sagittal spinal balance measurement based on a radiological approach. Sagittal spinal balance was quantitatively measured as sagittal vertical axis (SVA). We observed significant associations for higher age and/or SVA anteriorization with lower cognitive function. In males, spinal balance anteriorization was associated with cognitive decline independently of age, with combinations of age and SVA also making valid cognitive decline determinations; male cases of SVA ≥ 100 mm at any age, SVA ≥ 90 mm at ≥ 70 years, and SVA ≥ 70 mm at ≥ 80 years were all more likely to have cognitive decline than cases below those values. For females, cognitive decline was more likely in cases of SVA ≥ 70 mm, regardless of age. Thus, spinal balance anteriorization can be regarded as an easily visible indicator of latent cognitive decline in community-dwelling older people.
Distribution of Al, Fe, Si, and DOC between size fractions mobilised from topsoil horizons with progressing degree of podzolisation
Authors: Krettek Agnes , Stein Mathias , Rennert Thilo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAluminium, Fe, Si, and dissolved organic C (DOC) accumulate in the subsoil of Podzols after mobilisation in the topsoil. We conducted laboratory experiments with topsoil horizons with progressing degree of podzolisation by irrigation with artificial rainwater at varying intensity and permanence. We monitored the concentrations and distribution of mobilised Al, Fe, Si, and DOC between size fractions (< 1000 Dalton, 1 kDa– < 0.45 µm, and > 0.45 µm). Total eluate concentrations were increased at the onset of the experiments and after the first irrigation interruption, indicating non-equilibrium release. There was no statistical effect of the degree of podzolisation on element concentrations. Release of Al, Fe, and DOC was mostly dominant in the fraction 1 kDa– < 0.45 µm, indicating metals complexed by larger organic molecules and colloids. Silicon released was dominantly monomeric silicic acid < 1 kDa. Particularly with the least podzolised soils, Al and Si concentrations < 1 kDa might have been controlled by short-range ordered aluminosilicates, while their transport in colloidal form was unlikely. Our study pointed to both quantitative and qualitative seasonality of element release during podzolisation, to decoupling of Al and Si release regarding size, and to different minerals that control element release as a function of the degree of podzolisation.
Analysis of smooth pursuit eye movements in a clinical context by tracking the target and eyes
Authors: Hirota Masakazu , Kato Kanako , Fukushima Megumi , Ikeda Yuka , Hayashi Takao , Mizota Atsushi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the evaluation of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs), recording the stimulus onset time is mandatory. In the laboratory, the stimulus onset time is recorded by electrical signal or programming, and video-oculography (VOG) and the visual stimulus are synchronized. Nevertheless, because the examiner must manually move the fixation target, recording the stimulus onset time is challenging in daily clinical practice. Thus, this study aimed to develop an algorithm for evaluating SPEMs while testing the nine-direction eye movements without recording the stimulus onset time using VOG and deep learning–based object detection (single-shot multibox detector), which can predict the location and types of objects in a single image. The algorithm of peak fitting–based detection correctly classified the directions of target orientation and calculated the latencies and gains within the normal range while testing the nine-direction eye movements in healthy individuals. These findings suggest that the algorithm of peak fitting–based detection has sufficient accuracy for the automatic evaluation of SPEM in clinical settings.
Human M1 macrophages express unique innate immune response genes after mycobacterial infection to defend against tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Arshad , Zhang Kangling , Singh Vipul K. , Mishra Abhishek , Kachroo Priyanka , Bing Tian , Won Jong Hak , Mani Arunmani , Papanna Ramesha , Mann Lovepreet K. , Ledezma-Campos Eder , Aguillon-Duran Genesis , Canaday David H. , David Sunil A. , Restrepo Blanca I. , Viet Nhung Nguyen , Phan Ha , Graviss Edward A. , Musser James M. , Kaushal Deepak , Gauduin Marie Claire , Jagannath Chinnaswamy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is responsible for approximately 1.5 million deaths each year. Though 10% of patients develop tuberculosis (TB) after infection, 90% of these infections are latent. Further, mice are nearly uniformly susceptible to Mtb but their M1-polarized macrophages (M1-MΦs) can inhibit Mtb in vitro, suggesting that M1-MΦs may be able to regulate anti-TB immunity. We sought to determine whether human MΦ heterogeneity contributes to TB immunity. Here we show that IFN-γ-programmed M1-MΦs degrade Mtb through increased expression of innate immunity regulatory genes (Inregs). In contrast, IL-4-programmed M2-polarized MΦs (M2-MΦs) are permissive for Mtb proliferation and exhibit reduced Inregs expression. M1-MΦs and M2-MΦs express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine-chemokines, respectively, and M1-MΦs show nitric oxide and autophagy-dependent degradation of Mtb, leading to increased antigen presentation to T cells through an ATG-RAB7-cathepsin pathway. Despite Mtb infection, M1-MΦs show increased histone acetylation at the ATG5 promoter and pro-autophagy phenotypes, while increased histone deacetylases lead to decreased autophagy in M2-MΦs. Finally, Mtb-infected neonatal macaques express human Inregs in their lymph nodes and macrophages, suggesting that M1 and M2 phenotypes can mediate immunity to TB in both humans and macaques. We conclude that human MФ subsets show unique patterns of gene expression that enable differential control of TB after infection. These genes could serve as targets for diagnosis and immunotherapy of TB.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia displays a distinct highly methylated genome
Authors: Hetzel Sara , Mattei Alexandra L. , Kretzmer Helene , Qu Chunxu , Chen Xiang , Fan Yiping , Wu Gang , Roberts Kathryn G. , Luger Selina , Litzow Mark , Rowe Jacob , Paietta Elisabeth , Stock Wendy , Mardis Elaine R. , Wilson Richard K. , Downing James R. , Mullighan Charles G. , Meissner Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDNA methylation is tightly regulated during development and is stably maintained in healthy cells. In contrast, cancer cells are commonly characterized by a global loss of DNA methylation co-occurring with CpG island hypermethylation. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the commonest childhood cancer, perturbations of CpG methylation have been reported to be associated with genetic disease subtype and outcome, but data from large cohorts at a genome-wide scale are lacking. Here, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing across ALL subtypes, leukemia cell lines and healthy hematopoietic cells, and show that unlike most cancers, ALL samples exhibit CpG island hypermethylation but minimal global loss of methylation. This was most pronounced in T cell ALL and accompanied by an exceptionally broad range of hypermethylation of CpG islands between patients, which is influenced by TET2 and DNMT3B. These findings demonstrate that ALL is characterized by an unusually highly methylated genome and provide further insights into the non-canonical regulation of methylation in cancer.
Rendering bounded error in adaptive robust path tracking control for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Hu Ziniu , Yu Ziyun , Yang Zeyu , Hu Zhanyi , Bian Yougang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor the sake of safety, the vehicle path tracking control should not only ensure the stability of the path tracking error containing the lateral offset and the orientation error but also guarantee that both the transient and steady states of the lateral offset are within a specified safe boundary. However, the time‐varying uncertainties of a vehicle system make the control design a tough task. This paper develops an adaptive robust control (ARC) which guarantees both the tracking stability and the bounded error property for autonomous vehicles. First, to handle the bounded error requirement, a barrier function based state transformation which converts the constrained lateral offset into an unconstrained state is proposed. Then, the path tracking control task is cast into an equality constraint of the system state. On this basis, a novel adaptive robust constraint‐following controller is developed to make the transformed system follow the proposed equality constraint. Through Lyapunov minimax analysis, it is proved that the resulting control guarantees the approximate constraint‐following performance and the bounded error property despite the presence of system uncertainties. Finally, the main theoretical results are verified through CarSim‐Simulink co‐simulation results.
Deceptive signal generating optimization based on frequency diverse array
Authors: Ge Jiaang , Xie Junwei , Chen Chushu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe direction and position of the radar signals are essential information in the radar countermeasure, and with the development of the reconnaissance system, the radar is facing more severe threats. However, the high‐gain beam and even‐distribute phase of the phased‐array radar restrict the further development of radar protection measures. Therefore, considering the angle‐range‐time‐coupled beam and phase of the frequency diverse array (FDA), we proposed a deceptive signal generating method based on the FDA. Firstly, the amplitude‐ and phase‐based reconnaissance countermeasures were established, respectively. Moreover, the regulation ability of the frequency increment sequence was studied. Therefore, by finding the appreciated frequency increment sequence that can regulate the FDA signals, the proposed FDA can generate deceptive signals that counter both the amplitude‐ and phase‐based reconnaissance system. The instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio and Cramér–Rao lower bound were considered to verify the method. Numerical examples and simulations showed that the proposed countermeasure could generate deceptive signals with good error tolerance, whether in a noisy or non‐noise environment.
Feature recognition of state signal of electromechanical integration railway turnout over health parameters using CMOS area array technology
Authors: Zhou Yushuang , Sharma Ashutosh , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRailway turnout is the most important line connection equipment of high‐speed railway system. In order to improve the monitoring and maintenance of high‐speed railway turnout gap, we avoid the large impact of train operations on the turnout. With the increase of train speed, the impact of train operation on turnout is increasing. Therefore, the requirements for monitoring, maintenance, and adjustment of high‐speed railway turnout gap are also gradually improved. In this paper, the feature recognition research of mechatronic railway turnout state signal based on CMOS area array technology is proposed. First, it introduces the collection of turnout health parameters, the collection and processing of gap data in turnout based on CMOS, and the image feature recognition algorithm of adaptive threshold. The problem of inconvenient collecting the bifurcation image showing the gap is solved, and the pollution affects the accuracy. The experimental results show that, according to the fault mechanism of turnout system, turnout faults are mainly divided into electrical faults and mechanical faults. On‐site maintenance: the records show that the mechanical failure accounts for more than 90% of turnout failures. Fault category is the database of fault diagnosis model training. According to the structural principle and fault record description of turnout, there are 12 categories of turnout faults. The feature recognition of mechatronic railway turnout state signal based on CMOS area array technology proposed in this paper has certain validity and accuracy.
Immunologie in der dermatologischen Praxis – wieviel, warum, wann?
Authors: Diamanti Evangelia , Föhr Julia , Papageorgiou Andria , Herbst Matthias , Jahn Sigbert 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Haut als Grenzorgan zum Körperäußeren realisiert viele immunologische Abwehrfunktionen. Folglich sind Immunologie und Dermatologie eng miteinander verknüpft. Die Diagnostik immunologischer Hauterkrankungen und deren Immuntherapie, labormedizinische Analysen, Hyposensibilisierung – Begegnungen mit der Immunologie finden auch in einer dermatologischen Praxis im Alltag nahezu ständig statt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, praxisnah aufzuzeigen, wie uns Dermatologen die Immunologie in unserer Fachdisziplin helfen kann.
Chlorination of arenes via the degradation of toxic chlorophenols
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Yang Xuemei , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Chlorination reactions are widely applied in organic synthesis, with aryl chlorides being key intermediates in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products. Here, we demonstrate that waste materials such as chlorophenol pollutants can be valorized as chlorination reagents via catalytic transfer of the chloro group during their mineralization for the generation of valuable aryl chlorides. This process adds value to the destruction of chlorophenol pollutants, and the concept could potentially be extended to the valorization of other classes of stockpiles awaiting mineralization.
Phraseological modifications in Sepúlveda’sThe Story of a Seagull and the Cat Who Taught Her to Fly
Authors: Mena Martínez Florentina M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhraseological modification (PM) is a recurrent stylistic resource in specific types of texts, mainly journalistic texts, advertisements and literature. Since literary works are complete texts, the analysis of PM in these texts can go beyond the mere identification of the changes that the units have undergone, facilitating, in turn, the exploration of their stylistic effects. This paper explores the use of PM in a fable written by Luis Sepúlveda,The Story of a Seagull and the Cat Who Taught Her to Fly. The aim is to determine the extra value that modifications bring to the text by finding out not only the number and types of units modified but also the effects achieved. The results show that the author’s choice of phraseological units (PUs) and modification procedures is not arbitrary. In this text, PM directly relates to distinctive features of fables, namely the humanisation of animals and humour, providing new semantic and symbolic dimensions absent in other fables which lack this pervasive use of modifications. Creative PU variation takes animal humanisation a step further by anthropomorphising animals and distancing them from humans at the same time. This, in turn, sustains the moral lessons of the story.