bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone structural, biomechanical, and histomorphometric characteristics of the hindlimb skeleton in the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris)
Authors: Castillo Evelyn J. , Croft Summer M. , Jiron Jessica M. , Aguirre Jose Ignacio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is a nonconventional laboratory rodent species used to model some human bone disorders. However, no studies have been conducted to characterize the postcranial skeleton. Therefore, we aimed to investigate age‐ and gender‐related features of the hindlimb skeleton of this species. We used femurs and tibiae from 94 rats of both genders aged 4–28 weeks. Bone mineral content (BMC), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and biomechanical properties were determined in femurs. In addition, bone histomorphometry of tibiae was conducted to assess bone cell activities and bone turnover over time. Bone length, total metaphysis BMC and vBMD, mid‐diaphyseal BMC and vBMD, cortical thickness, and cortical area progressively augmented with age. Whereas the increase in these parameters plateaued at age 16–22 weeks in female rats, they continued to rise to age 28 weeks in male rats. Furthermore, bone strength parameters increased with age, with few differences between genders. We also observed a rapid decrease in longitudinal growth between age 4 and 16 weeks. Whereas young rats had a greater bone formation rate and bone turnover, older rice rats had greater bone volume and trabecular thickness, with no differences between genders. (a) Sexual dimorphism in the rice rat becomes grossly evident at age 16 weeks; (b) the age‐related increases in bone mass, structural cortical parameters, and in some biomechanical property parameters plateau at an older age in male than in female rats; and (c) bone growth and remodeling significantly decreased with age irrespective of the gender.
Data‐driven generalized minimum variance regulatory control using routine operation data
Authors: Uematsu Ryota , Masuda Shiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a new generalized minimum variance (GMV) control using routine operation data. The proposed method achieves disturbance rejection without additional experiments and reference models, which is different from other data‐driven techniques. In this paper, a new data‐driven criterion is proposed for the Box and Jenkins (BJ) model, which is a more general description including the Auto‐Regressive and Moving Average eXogeneous (ARMAX) model. The paper proves that the optimization of the proposed criterion can achieve GMV control. Numerical examples for two different model structures show the validity of the proposed method. In particular, the application to datasets obtained from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method.
Die S‐Bahn‐Querung im neuen Stuttgarter Tiefbahnhof S21 – ein unterirdisches Verkehrsbauwerk mit ganz besonderen Anforderungen
Authors: Schmid Angelika , Gepperth Sonja , Reinke Hans‐Georg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDas Bahnprojekt Stuttgart–Ulm (S21) ist das größte Ausbauvorhaben für den öffentlichen Schienenverkehr in Baden‐Württemberg seit dem 19. Jh. Es umfasst neben dem Neubau von zahlreichen Tunneln und Trassen auch eine komplette Umgestaltung des Eisenbahnknotens Stuttgart: Die Gleise des alten Kopfbahnhofs werden durch einen um 90° gedrehten, unterirdischen Durchgangsbahnhof ersetzt. Die neue, 447 m lange, 80 m breite und bis zu 12 m hohe Bahnsteighalle ist als fugenlose Massivbaukonstruktion ausgelegt. Sie besteht aus einem Trog aus Normalbeton und einem Schalendach aus Weißbeton, welches von den Trogwänden und 28 Kelchstützen getragen wird. Die Bodenplatte ist auf Ramm‐ und Bohrpfähle gegründet. Lediglich im Bereich des bestehenden S‐Bahn‐Tunnels überspannt sie diesen als Brückenkonstruktion: dies ist die sog. S‐Bahn‐Querung. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Besonderheiten dieses anspruchsvollen Tragwerks aus Sicht der beteiligten Ingenieure. Betrachtet werden hierbei neben der Konstruktion mit ihrer internen verbundlosen Vorspannung auch das über die normativen Anforderungen hinausgehende Bemessungskonzept sowie das konstante Monitoring des Bauwerks über seinen gesamten Nutzungszeitraum hinweg.
Facile Fabrication of Highly Porous 3D Sponge‐Like Si@C Composites as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Min Chan‐Woo , Nazir Aqsa , Le Hang T. T. , Park Chan‐Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we synthesized highly porous 3D sponge‐like mesoporous (MP)‐Si@C composites using mass‐scalable method. The optimized MP−Si@C 1 composite electrode, provided a reversible capacity of 1887 mAh g−1 after 100 discharge−charge cycles with capacity retention of 83 % at the rate of 0.1 C. At high C‐rate the MP−Si@C 1 anode provided reversible capacity of 910 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. The MP−Si@C 1/LCO full cell provide a discharge capacity of 1515 mAh g−1 and it works well for 100 cycles. This outstanding electrochemical behavior of the MP−Si@C 1 composite electrode was accredited to the exclusive structure of interconnected Si nanoparticles and the presence of the outer C thin layer. The carbon layer served as a shield, an effective buffer layer to house the extreme volume expansion issue of Si during continuous cycling. The excellent performance of the MP−Si@C 1 composite demonstrated its high applicability as potential anode material for next‐generation LIBs.
Metabolic engineering of threonine catabolism enables Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce propionate under aerobic conditions
Authors: Ding Wentao , Meng Qiongyu , Dong Genlai , Qi Nailing , Zhao Huimin , Shi Shuobo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPropionate is widely used as a preservative in the food and animal feed industries. Propionate is currently produced by petrochemical processes, and fermentative production of propionate remains challenging.Methods and ResultsIn this study, a synthetic propionate pathway was constructed in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for propionate production under aerobic conditions. Through expression of tdcB and aldH from Escherichia coli and kivD from Lactococcus lactis, L‐threonine was converted to propionate via 2‐ketobutyrate and propionaldehyde. The resulting yeast aerobically produced 0.21 g L‐1 propionate from glucose in a shake flask. Subsequent overexpression of pathway genes and elimination of competing pathways increased propionate production to 0.37 g L‐1. To further increase propionate production, carbon flux was pulled into the propionate pathway by weakened expression of pyruvate kinase (PYK1), together with overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppc). The final propionate production reached 1.05 g L‐1 during fed‐batch fermentation in a fermenter.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn this work, a yeast cell factory was constructed using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies to enable propionate production under aerobic conditions. Our study demonstrates engineered S. cerevisiae as a promising alternative for the production of propionate and its derivatives.
Inhibition of Connexin 36 attenuates HMGB1‐mediated depressive‐like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Jiang Qian , Li Chao‐Ran , Zeng Wen‐Feng , Xu Hui‐Jing , Li Jia‐Mei , Zhang Ting , Deng Guang‐Hui , Wang Yun‐Xia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) released by neurons and microglia was demonstrated to be an important mediator in depressive‐like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), which could lead to the imbalance of two different metabolic approaches in kynurenine pathway (KP), thus enhancing glutamate transmission and exacerbating depressive‐like behaviors. Evidence showed that HMGB1 signaling might be regulated by Connexin (Cx) 36 in inflammatory diseases of central nervous system (CNS). Our study aimed to further explore the role of Cx36 in depressive‐like behaviors and its relationship with HMGB1.MethodsAfter 4‐week chronic stress, behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate depressive‐like behaviors, including sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and open field test (OFT). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression and location of Cx36. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to detect the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. And the excitability and inward currents of hippocampal neurons were recorded by whole‐cell patch clamping.ResultsThe expression of Cx36 was significantly increased in hippocampal neurons of mice exposed to CUMS, while treatment with glycyrrhizinic acid (GZA) or quinine could both down‐regulate Cx36 and alleviate depressive‐like behaviors. The proinflammatory cytokines like HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were all elevated by CUMS, and application of GZA and quinine could decrease them. In addition, the enhanced excitability and inward currents of hippocampal neurons induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be reduced by either GZA or quinine.ConclusionsInhibition of Cx36 in hippocampal neurons might attenuates HMGB1‐mediated depressive‐like behaviors induced by CUMS through down‐regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of the excitability and intracellular ion overload.
Contemporary surgical management of skull base chordomas—Anatomical reflections on a single center experience retrospective case series
Authors: Spiessberger Alexander , Dogra Siddhant , Golub Danielle , Grueter Basil , Nasim Mansoor , Schneider Steven , Moriggl Bernhard , Dehdashti Amir R. , Schulder Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChordoma, a rare, locally aggressive tumor can affect the central skull base, usually centered at the midline. Complete surgical resection remains mainstay of therapy in case of primary as well as recurrent tumors. Owing to their secluded location, surgical resection of skull base chordomas remains a challenge, even though the recent advancement of endoscopic endonasal approaches has had a significant positive impact on the management of these patients. Endoscopic endonasal approaches have been shown to significantly reduce surgical morbidity when compared to traditional open approaches; however, the classical endoscopic transclival midline approach fails to sufficiently expose parts of many skull base chordomas. More recent refinements of the technique, such as the interdural pituitary transposition and posterior clinoidectomy, the transpterygoid plate approach and the transcondylar far medial approach enable the surgeon the increase the resection rate in these patients. This retrospective case series focuses on anatomical aspects in the surgical management of patients with skull base chordomas. We outline the surgical anatomy of contemporary endoscopic approaches to the skull base based intraoperative illustrations as well as pre‐ and postoperative 3D reconstructed CT and MR images if our patients. This article should help the clinical choose the most appropriate approach and be aware of relevant anatomy as well as potential shortcomings of a given approach.
CEBOW: A Cloud‐Edge‐Browser Online Web3D approach for visualizing large BIM scenes
Authors: Li Ke , Zhao Hantao , Zhang Qian , Jia Jinyuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the mobile technology continues to grow and evolve, the technology of presenting building information modeling (BIM) with an online platform has become an important application in the fields of civil engineering, architecture, and computer visualization. However, due to network bandwidth and browser performance limitations, it was difficult to display large‐scale BIM scenes in a flawless manner on mobile browsers. CEBOW, a Cloud‐Edge‐Browser Online architecture for visualizing BIM components with online solutions, is proposed in this article. The method combines transmission scheduling, cache management, and optimal initial loading into a single system architecture. For network transmission testing, BIM scenes are used, and the results show that our method effectively reduces scene loading time and networking delay while improving the visualization effect of large‐scale scenes.
Preparation, Characterization, and Desolvation of 5‐Sulfoisophthalic Acid Sodium Salt Solvates
Authors: Zhu Guijun , Chen Jianxin , Han Jian , Li Jihui , Li Yupeng , Liu Kaili 
Published: January 2022

Abstract5‐Sulfoisophthalic acid sodium salt (5‐SSIPA) is a crucial intermediate for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and polyesters. Several acidic groups lead to an unstable crystal structure. Two new polymorphs and three novel solvates were identified during the solvent screening. These crystals were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy. The desolvation temperature of solvates was found to be higher than the boiling point of pure solvents, which tentatively indicated the existence of an interaction between solvents and 5‐SSIPA molecules. The phenomenon that the three solvates gradually darkened with desolvation in the hot‐stage microscopic images proved the occurrence of crystal desolvation. The non‐isothermal desolvation kinetics of the 5‐SSIPA solvates was analyzed and discussed.
Clinically actionable genotypes for anticancer prescribing among >1500 patients with pharmacogenomic testing
Authors: Reizine Natalie M. , Danahey Keith , Truong Tien M. , George David , House Larry K. , Karrison Theodore G. , van Wijk Xander M. R. , Yeo Kiang‐Teck J. , Ratain Mark J. , O’Donnell Peter H. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, there has been increasing evidence supporting the role of germline pharmacogenomic factors predicting toxicity for anticancer therapies. Although somatic genomic data are used frequently in oncology care planning, germline pharmacogenomic testing is not. This study hypothesizes that comprehensive germline pharmacogenomic profiling could have high relevance for cancer care.METHODSBetween January 2011 and August 2020, patients at the University of Chicago Medical Center were genotyped across custom germline pharmacogenomic panels for reasons unrelated to cancer care. Actionable anticancer pharmacogenomic gene/drug interactions identified by the FDA were defined including:CYP2C9(erdafitinib),CYP2D6(gefitinib),DPYD(5‐fluorouracil and capecitabine),TPMT(thioguanine and mercaptopurine), andUGT1A1(belinostat, irinotecan, nilotinib, pazopanib, and sacituzumab‐govitecan hziy). The primary objective was to determine the frequency of individuals with actionable or high‐risk genotypes across these 5 key pharmacogenes, thus potentially impacting prescribing for at least 1 of these 11 commonly prescribed anticancer therapies.RESULTSData from a total of 1586 genotyped individuals were analyzed. The oncology pharmacogene with the highest prevalence of high‐risk, actionable genotypes wasUGT1A1, impacting 17% of genotyped individuals. ActionableTPMTandDPYDgenotypes were found in 9% and 4% of patients, respectively. Overall, nearly one‐third of patients genotyped across all 5 genes (161/525, 31%) had at least one actionable genotype.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that germline pharmacogenomic testing for 5 key pharmacogenes could identify a substantial proportion of patients at risk with standard dosing, an estimated impact similar to that of somatic genomic profiling.LAY SUMMARYDifferences in our genes may explain why some drugs work safely in certain individuals but can cause side effects in others.Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic variations affect an individual's response to medications.In this study, an evaluation was done for important genetic variations that can affect the tolerability of anticancer therapy.By analyzing the genetic results of >1500 patients, it was found that nearly one‐third have genetic variations that could alter recommendations of what drug, or how much of, an anticancer therapy they should be given.Performing pharmacogenomic testing before prescribing could help to guide personalized oncology care.
Identification of tissue optical properties during thermal laser‐tissue interactions: An ensemble Kalman filter‐based approach
Authors: Arnold Andrea , Fichera Loris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we propose a computational framework to estimate the physical properties that govern the thermal response of laser‐irradiated tissue. We focus in particular on two quantities, the absorption and scattering coefficients, which describe the optical absorption of light in the tissue and whose knowledge is vital to correctly plan medical laser treatments. To perform the estimation, we utilize an implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), a type of Bayesian filtering algorithm for data assimilation. Unlike prior approaches, in this work, we estimate the tissue optical properties based on observations of the tissue thermal response to laser irradiation. This method has the potential for straightforward implementation in a clinical setup, as it would only require a simple thermal sensor, for example, a miniaturized infrared camera. Because the optical properties of tissue can undergo shifts during laser exposure, we employ a variant of EnKF capable of tracking time‐varying parameters. Through simulated experimental studies, we demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique to identify the tissue optical properties and track their dynamic changes during laser exposure, while simultaneously tracking changes in the tissue temperature at locations beneath the surface. We further demonstrate the framework's capability in estimating additional unknown tissue properties (i.e., the volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity) along with the optical properties of interest.
Design of Ni‐substituted La2(CeZrNi)2O7 Pyrochlore Catalysts for Methane Dry Reforming
Authors: Bai Jieru , Fu Yu , Kong Wenbo , Pan Bingrong , Yuan Changkun , Li Shuqing , Wang Jiyang , Zhang Jun , Sun Yuhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNi‐based catalysts for dry reforming of methane (DRM) are prone to suffer from deactivation caused by carbon deposition and sintering. Pyrochlore (typically A2B2O7) is a thermostable material with substantial redox capacity, which makes it suitable as a support for Ni‐based DRM catalysts. Here we demonstrated that by adjusting the Zr/Ce ratio in the B‐site of the La2(CeZrNi)2O7 (10 wt.% Ni loading), its structural order could be significantly altered. With decreasing Zr/Ce ratio, the structure of the catalysts became less ordered with a phase transformation from pyrochlore (La2Zr2O7) to defective fluorite (La2Ce2O7). Meanwhile, a second phase La2NiZrO6/LaNiO3 other than pyrochlore was formed for each sample. By tuning the structure, samples presented different properties and XPS results illustrated that the compositions of the surface oxygen species of samples were significantly different. Catalysts possessing more oxygen vacancies displayed evidently enhanced coke resistance. Among all five catalysts, LNZ3C1 exhibited the highest activity, stability and carbon deposition resistance, which could be attributed to the most oxygen vacancies, the strongest nickel‐carrier interaction, and the best particle size distribution of it.
Research on the Lattice Matching of Different Solute Atoms in BCC Fe: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Wu Minghui , Zhang Xiaoxun , Ma Fang , Li Jiayi , Tian Wenqi , Gongcheng Meiqi , Xu Luyang , Chang Gaoyuan , Zhang Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, molecular dynamics simulation is used to primarily explore the lattice matching problem of solute atoms in different configurations after entering the Fe lattice at 0 K temperature. It reveals that by changing the initial configurations, metal solute atoms (Cr, Cu, Ti, Al) are more stable in the <110> configuration while C atom tends to stay in the octahedral gap of the BCC lattice. In addition, the matching mechanisms of different solute atoms in BCC Fe lattice in different configurations are elaborated in detail. The relaxation of metal solute atoms in different configurations eventually forms different stable structures while C atoms only exist in the nearest‐neighbor octahedral gap of the BCC Fe lattice in each configuration.
The Ideal and Regular Mechanisms of Hematite Reduction Reactions
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xue Zhengliang , Zou Zongshu , Saxén Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe thermodynamic data of iron oxides reduction reactions from the most recognized thermodynamic database (NIST‐JANAF) show remarkable difference between stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric iron oxides. Iron oxides reduction equilibria in both CO‐CO2 and H2‐H2O atmospheres are calculated with Dieckmann's and Weiss’ defect models. Relevant literatures are investigated and reduction experiments are carried out to complement and interpret the newly calculated equilibrium diagram. The results suggest a conjecture of two routes for hematite reduction reactions. With the ideal and widely accepted mechanism, hematite is reduced to magnetite and then to iron below 576 °C, while the reduction route follows the sequence of Fe2O3 → Fe3−δO4 → FexO → Fe above 576 °C. With the regular but always unrecognized mechanism, the reduction process of hematite experiences Fe3O4, FeO, and Fe step by step in all possible temperature above 156 °C. In the regular mechanism, sufficient scattered impurities occupy crystal interstices of magnetite and prevent the newly produced FeO unit cell from dissolving into the solid solution of magnetite, and then the FeO will accumulate above 156 °C. Actually the regular mechanism is hard to realize and usually confused with the ideal mechanism. The presence of the regular mechanism is proved by experimental phenomena of the drop of eutectoid temperature.
How does corporate R&D investment respond to climate policy uncertainty? Evidence from heavy emitter firms in the United States
Authors: Hoang Khanh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explores how climate policy uncertainty (CPU) affects research and development (R&D) investment of heavy emitter firms in the United States during 2000–2019. Our empirical evidence indicates that while CPU exerts a positive impact on R&D investment of general firms, it seems to be a completely different story for heavy emitter firms. After a battery of sensitivity tests, we find a robust negative impact of CPU on R&D investment of heavy emitters, suggesting that those firms play a “wait‐and‐see” strategy in response to changes in environmental policies until more is known to make decisions. However, such behavior is not observed in light emitters. Even among heavy emitters, we show that the impact of CPU is only pronounced in heavy emitters with more technology uncertainty. Further analyses show such an impact varies with management sentiment, managerial ability, and firm maturity. Our findings have implications for policymaking and corporate strategy of heavy emitters in response to CPU.