bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reception of Photoperiodic Stimuli and Flowering of Bush Bean
Authors: Privett Diane W. , Stang J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reception of photoperiodic stimuli and control of flowering of ‘Oregon 2065’ bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by the primary and first trifoliate leaves was studied. One or both of these leaves were given short days (9 hr, SD) or long days (9 hr + 7 hr photoperiod extension, LD). All other leaves were removed. Plants flowered if either primary or trifoliate leaves received SD. The SD or LD treatment to a particular leaf had its greatest effect on flowering at the node of that leaf. Inflorescences with flower buds larger than 2.5 mm developed at primary and at first trifoliate nodes if either set of leaves received SD, but, if one received LD, bud abscission occurred before anthesis at the node of the LD leaf.
Tissue Culture of Osage-orange
Authors: King Sandra M. , Morehart A. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of explant (shoot-tip, node, or internode), growth regulators, liquid pretreatment, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) salt concentrations on callus, shoot, and root production was determined for Osage-orange [Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid]. Shoots proliferated from both shoot-tip (three shoots/explant) and nodal (two shoots/explant) sections, but not from internodes. Optimum growth regulator concentrations for shoot proliferation were 0.5 µm IBA, 6 µm BA, and 3 µm GA. A 48-hr pretreatment of liquid-modified MS medium (MMS) did not enhance shoot proliferation. Internode sections produced more callus than shoot-tip or nodal sections with the highest production (620 mm3) on MMS medium plus 0.5 µm IBA and 4 µm BA. Micropropagated shoots rooted best on half-strength MS salts plus 2.5 µm IBA. Plant-let survival in the greenhouse after 2 months was > 70%. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA), 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA).
Effects of Controlled-release Phosphorus and Inoculum Density on the Growth and Mycorrhizal Infection of Pepper and Leek Transplants
Authors: Waterer Douglas R. , Coltman Robert R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth, shoot P concentrations, and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection by Glomus aggregatum (Schenck and Smith emend. Koske) were studied on transplants of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Emerald Giant’) and leek (Allium ampeloprasum L. ‘Catalina’) grown in a 1 peat : 1 vermiculite medium (v/v). Various amounts of Osmocote (19N–2.6P–10K) were added to the transplant medium, resulting in solution P concentrations of 0.6 to 17.5 mg·liter–1. The transplants received 0 to 12,500 spores of G. aggregatum per plant. Increased solution P concentrations increased growth and shoot P concentrations in both leeks and peppers, but decreased the degree of mycorrhizal infection of the root systems. At low solution P concentrations, inoculation increased the shoot P concentrations and growth of the peppers, but decreased the shoot P concentrations of the leeks. Increasing the number of spores per plant did not influence growth or tissue P concentrations of transplants, but did increase mycorrhizal infection at low and intermediate solution P concentrations.
‘Gourmet’ Pear
Authors: Peterson R. M. , Waples J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Gourmet’ is a dessert pear (Pyrus sp.) which combines many characteristics of Asian [P. ussuriensis Maxim, P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nak.] and European (P. communis L.) pears. It is cold hardy and is suggested for planting in areas immediately north of where high quality pear cultivars generally are grown.
‘Texas Grano 1015Y’: A Mild Pungency, Sweet, Shortday Onion
Authors: Pike L. M. , Horn R. S. , Andersen C. R. , Leeper P. W. , Miller M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of a high yielding, pink root-resistant [Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hansen) Gorenz, Walker, and Larson], mild, sweet, shortday onion (Allium cepa L.) with improved shipping quality was the objective for the onion breeding program in the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. ‘Texas Grano 1015Y’ (TG1015Y) is a very mild and sweet cultivar with those quality characteristics.
‘Texas Grano 1030Y’: A Late Maturing, Mild Pungency Shortday Onion
Authors: Pike L. M. , Horn R. S. , Andersen C. R. , Leeper P. W. , Miller M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of a late maturing, high yielding, pink root resistant shortday onion (Allium cepa L.) with improved shipping quality was the objective for introduction of this cultivar.
Asp 8271 and Asp 8284 Asparagus Germplasm
Authors: McCollum Gilbert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus germplasm populations, Asp 8271 and Asp 8284, are the F2 generation of crosses between colchicine-induced tetraploids of garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L. ‘Viking’, and a wild tetraploid, A. officinalis spy. prostratus (Dumort.) Corb., both 2n = 4x = 40. They were released in Feb. 1987 from a program at Beltsville in which crosses in the genus are investigated as they relate to the gene pool available for breeding disease-resistant garden asparagus.
US-311 and US-427 Southernpea Breeding Lines
Authors: Fery R. L. , Dukes P. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ARS/USDA has announced the release of southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] breeding lines US-311 and US-427. US-311 is an early maturing, pinkeye type pea, and US-427 is a root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) resistant, brown crowder type pea. Both lines are near cultivar quality, and each is recommended for use as parental material in breeding programs.
‘Kiawah’ Southernpea
Authors: Fery Richard L. , Dukes P. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Kiawah’ (kee'-a-waw) southernpea [Vigna unguiculata] (L.) Walp.] has been released by ARS/USDA as a replacement for ‘Pinkeye Purple Hull,’ a widely grown commercial cultivar. ‘Kiawah’ is well adapted for production throughout the southeastern United States where it can be expected to produce excellent yields of high quality, pinkeye-type peas. The major attribute of ‘Kiawah’ is its high level of resistance of root knot, a major root disease of southernpea incited by several species of the root-knot nematode genus Meloidogyne. The new cultivar is named in honor of the friendly Kiawah Indian Tribe, which welcomed and helped the original English settlers of Charleston, S.C.
Center-pivot Irrigation for Frost Protection of a Peach Orchard
Authors: Evert Dean R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Center-pivot irrigation during two radiation frosts in Mar. 1986 increased the temperature and reduced fruit injury in a wedge-shaped sector of a 6-year-old ‘Rio Grande’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] orchard. Irrigation increased temperatures under the pivot as much as 5°C during the –5.3° frost on 2 Mar. and 3° during the –2.8° frost on 23 Mar. The percentage of live fruit on 3 Mar. ranged from 35% on nonirrigated trees adjacent to the irrigated sector to 67% on trees in the middle of the irrigated sector (P < 0.01). The percentage of live fruit after the less severe frost on 23 Mar. ranged from 80% to 95% in the same locations (P > 0.05). The weight of fruit thinned on 21 Apr. was 18.2 kg for trees in the middle of the irrigated sector, 2.1 kg for trees along an edge of the irrigated sector, and 9.5 kg for nonirrigated trees adjacent to the irrigated sector (P < 0.05); therefore, injury likely was greater along the edge of the irrigated sector.
Rooting of Semi-hardwood ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit Cuttings
Authors: Caldwell J. D. , Coston D. C. , Brock K. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of hormone concentration, date of cutting collection, rooting medium, shoot position, cutting type, and wounding on the rooting of semi-hardwood ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. Deliciosa] cuttings was evaluated. The highest percent rooting was obtained with cuttings from the apical (88%) and medial (66%) portion of current season's growth. Higher rooting percentages were obtained when shoots were collected mid-June to mid-July rather than September. Two-node cuttings wounded through the lower bud were given higher root quality ratings than wounded one-node cuttings, although rooting percentages were similar. Treatment with IBA at 4.0 or 6.0 g·liter–1 resulted in similar rooting percentages (58% and 69%, respectively) of two-node cuttings, but root ratings were higher with 6.0 g·liter–1. Cuttings rooted in vermiculite were given higher root quality ratings than those in perlite or 1 peat : 1 perlite (v/v) and had a higher percentage of rooted cuttings than those in peat:perlite. Chemical name used: 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Inhibition of Lateral Shoot Growth in Summer-hedged ‘Riesling’ Grapevines by Paclobutrazol
Authors: Reynolds Andrew G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Riesling’ (Vitis vinifera L., clone 21B Weis) vines under each of two canopy management treatments (nonhedged, hedged) were subjected to two levels of paclobutrazol (PB) (0, 500 mg·liter–1; 750 mg·liter–1 in 1 year)applied as a foliar spray to the upper portion of the canopy. PB reduced growth of lateral shoots, primarily to the uppermost portion of the main shoot, in both hedged and nonhedged vines. Vine size was not reduced by PB application. PB increased °Brix in fruit of hedged vines in 1984 and 1986. No major effects of either factor were observed on yield components, but PB increased berry size in 1986. Chemical name used: β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1-H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Heat Tolerance of Citrus Leaves
Authors: Ahrens M. Joseph , Ingram Dewayne L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Direct heat injury to plant parts may occur in areas of high insolation and high humidity where transpiration is low. Using electrolyte leakage procedures, critical high temperatures of detached leaves of ‘Glen’ citrange [Citrus sinensis L. (Osbk.) × Poncirus trifoliata L. (Raf.)], ‘Swingle’ citrumelo [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata L. (Raf.)], and ‘Hamlin’ orange [C. sinensis L. (Osbk.)] were determined by exposure to temperatures between 25° and 65°C. Lethal temperatures for a 20 min exposure ranged from 54.3° ± 0.5° for ‘Glen’ citrange to 56.1° ± 0.4° for ‘Swingle’ citrumelo. Maximum canopy temperatures of 36.6° were recorded. Therefore, it appears that under field conditions in Florida, these cultivars are normally not subjected to temperatures that would cause direct heat injury.
Genetic Variation of Ethylene Production in Harvested Muskmelon Fruits
Authors: Kendall Stephen A. , Ng Timothy J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two netted and three nonnetted (casaba) muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultigens and their hybrids were examined after harvest for ethylene production and for concentration of ethylene in the cavity. Whole fruit ethylene production was related to cavity concentrations. Netted muskmelon fruit produced appreciable amounts of ethylene at or near harvest while nonnetted fruit did not produce ethylene until as late as 20 days postharvest. Hybrids were generally intermediate to the parents in rate and time of production of ethylene, thus demonstrating that rates of ethylene production and cavity concentrations of ethylene in muskmelon fruit appear under genetic control.
‘Marfa Lace’, ‘Alpine’, and ‘Tejas’ Desert Willows
Authors: Tipton Jimmy L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Marfa Lace', ‘Alpine’, and ‘Tejas’ are new desert willow [Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet.] cultivars selected at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center at El Paso and approved for release by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Desert willow is a deciduous flowering shrub or tree native to the southwestern United States. The species exhibits considerable variability in floral color, but this generally has not been exploited through selection or breeding. The advantages of these new selections include large, semi-double flowers in ‘Marfa Lace’, large leaves and dark flowers in ‘Alpine’, and even larger flowers in ‘Tejas’. To my knowledge, no other semi-double desert willow has been released.
‘John Davis’ and ‘J.P. Connell’ Roses
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘John Davis’ and ‘J.P. Connell’ are winter-hardy, freely and recurrently flowering roses with fragrant flowers. Both roses are highly resistant to powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr. ex Fr.) Lev.] but only ‘John Davis’ is resistant to blackspot, (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf.). ‘John Davis’ is a pillar rose with trailing growth habit and has pink flowers. ‘J.P. Connell’ is an upright shrub with yellow flowers. It is the first yellow-flowered rose to emerge from the breeding program at this laboratory.
‘Snowgoose’ Philadelphus
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Snowgoose’ is a freely flowering, winter-hardy mock orange (Philadelphus × virginalis Rehd.) with very fragrant, double, pure white flowers. It was selected by D.R. Sampson, of the Plant Research Centre, from the cross ‘Frosty Morn’ × ‘Bouquet Blanc’ made by D.F. Cameron in 1959 (4). In the Ottawa trials ‘Snowgoose’ was one of the hardiest cultivars, comparable to ‘Galahad’ and ‘Silberregen’ but more productive.
Weigela Cultivars Tango and Polka
Authors: Svejda Felicitas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tango’ and ‘Polka’ are very hardy, freely flowering, dwarf shrubs. ‘Tango’ has purple foliage and red flowers, with a single flowering period. ‘Polka’ has green foliage, light pink flowers, and flowers recurrently.
Potential Hazards of Portable Fog Apparatus
Authors: McCool Patrick M. , Sterrett Jerry L. , Musselman Robert C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The portable fog canister apparatus, first described in HortScience [20(6): 1127–1129, December 1985], has been in use for about 3 years. It was recently discovered that older fog canisters in use for extended periods of time can possibly fail under pressure, resulting in separation of the top of the canister from the main body. Of more than 50 canisters constructed, only one canister has failed. Although canisters are soundly constructed, failures of the canisters can result in bodily harm or property damage. The tapped fittings appear to be the weak point of the canister design. If these fittings are stressed (e.g., an impact to the fitting), the PVC canister can be weakened. These canisters should be checked regularly for fractures surrounding any gas or water fittings. As with any system under pressure, weak points can fail suddenly and with significant force. It is recommended by us that the canisters be placed within some type of containment structure (group the canisters with a closed box) or users should otherwise modify the canisters so that sudden failures will be contained. Caution should always be exercised in the vicinity of the canisters when the system is pressurized.
Response of ‘Tifblue’ Rabbiteye Blueberry to Soil-applied Paclobutrazol
Authors: Spiers James M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bud development in ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) was reduced with increasing levels of soil-applied paclobutrazol (PB). Flowering was delayed from 10 to 15 days on plants receiving ≥3 g a.i. PB. This effect still existed 2 years after treatment. Rates of ≤2 g per plant did not influence leaf area. Floral or vegetative bud development, photosynthesis, transpiration, or fruit size when measured 1 year after treatment, but fruit yields were inversely correlated to PB levels. Two years after application, ≤2 g rates had not influenced total plant growth. Stems arising from mature canes were reduced by ≥ 0.5 g PB, but length of juvenile canes was increased by rates up to 2 g PB. Paclobutrazol applications had no influence on leaf content of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, or Cu. Only the highest level resulted in increased leaf levels of K and Zn, but Mn leaf content was increased by all levels of PB. In general, rates of soil-applied PB which reduced vegetative growth also reduced fruit yield. Chemical name used: β [(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1 dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol).
Effects of Limestone and Irrigation Level on Salt Levels and pH in Potting Media
Authors: Wiedenfeld Robert P. , Cox Edward L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ground limestone (CaCO3) was applied at 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 g/9.5-liter pot using a 1 peat : 1 perlite : 1 vermiculite (by volume) medium having an initial pH of 4.52 and an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.2 dS·m–1. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) were grown for 56 days in the medium that had been fertilized. Irrigations were applied as the crop grew, with the levels used consisting of 0%, 20%, 40%, or 60% in excess of the amount required to bring all pots to saturation. The water had a pH of 7.44 to 7.95 and an EC from 1.5 to 1.8 dS·m–1. Measurements were taken at each irrigation. Leachate pH increased with increasing rate of limestone application, but the rate of increase with increasing limestone rate declined, with maximum benefit occurring at 75 g/pot. Irrigtation level did not affect leachate pH, which indicates a buffering capacity of the medium that was not readily diluted. Increasing limestone application decreased leachate EC, which suggests retention of the salts from the irrigation water. This retention resulted in a net accumulation of salts in the medium that could not be completely offset by the increased leaching produced as irrigation levels increased.
Prevention of Red Blotch in Degreened Lemon Fruit
Authors: Cohen Eliahou , Lurie Susan , Shalom Yavin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mature green lemon (Citrus limon Burm.) fruits are degreened commercially with ethylene to enhance yellow color development and improve marketing quality. This treatment often results in the development of a peel disorder called red blotch, a superficial reddish-brown discoloration, which may cover most of the fruit peel. We found that degreening at 30°C, instead of the recommended temperature of 25°, eliminated the disorder. Similarly, a predegreening treatment of dipping the fruit in the antioxidant ethoxyquin (“Stop Scald”) prevented red blotch development. The high temperature and the antioxidant may act on oxidative enzyme systems, which are apparently causative factors of the disorder.
Yield Component Interactions in Wild Populations of California Fragaria
Authors: Hancock James F. , Bringhurst Royce S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants from 26 native populations of Fragaria were examined in the greenhouse for their flowering dates, branch crown numbers, flower number, and fruit weight. Flower number per plant was positively correlated with length of flowering period, crowns per plant, and flowers per crown. Total flower number was negatively correlated with fruit weight, but outliers were found with high fruit numbers and large fruit. Large-fruited plants from Scotts Creek Beach, Calif. appeared to be the most promising parents.
Observations on a Noncirculating Hydroponic System for Tomato Production
Authors: Kratky Bernard A. , Bowen John E. , Imai Hideo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in a noncirculating hydroponic system and also in conventional soil beds. Yields from the two cultural systems were statistically similar, i.e., 3.5 kg/plant in the hydroponic system and 3.1 kg/plant in the soils beds.
Differences in Leaf Intumescences between Cuphea Species
Authors: Jaworski Casimir A. , Bass Max H. , Phatak Sharad C. , Thompson Anson E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf intumescences of 16 Cuphea species were evaluated in three greenhouse tests. Cuphea crassiflora S.A. Graham had the greatest severity of leaf intumescences followed by C. tolucana Peyr. and C. wrightii A. Gray. Cuphea koehneana Rose, C. inflata S.A. Graham, C. lanceolata Ait., and C. leptopoda Hemsley had fewer than 10% of the leaves with intumescences. Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) Macbr., C. glutinosa Chamb. & Schldl., C. hookeriana Walp., C. paucipetala S.A. Graham, and C. procumbens Gomez O. were free of leaf intumescences. Leaf intumescences for C. wrightii ranged from 100% for seed accession number A0243 to 0% for seed accession numbers A0378 and A0305. White flies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) did not contribute to leaf intumescences development.
Ethylene-induced Bitterness in Stored Parsnips
Authors: Shattuck V. I. , Yada R. , Lougheed E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene may induce off-flavor in stored carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus) roots and the formation of abnormal phenolic metabolites (3), including 3-methyl-6-methoxy-8-hydroxy-3, 4 dihydroisocoumarin (6-methoxymellein), which is associated with bitterness (4, 5). A similar response has been suggested (P.A. Ferretti, personal communication) to occur in parsnips (Pastinaca sativa). We report here preliminary work to verify this contention.
Amphidiploid Onion Germplasm f-c 8407 and f-c 8432
Authors: McCollum Gilbert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The seedling vigor of the amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 32) green bunching onion, ‘Beltsville Bunching’, surpasses that of its constituent species, Allium cepa L. (common bulb onion, 2n = 16) and A. fistulosum L. (Japanese bunching or Welsh onion, 2n = 16). Released in 1950, ‘Beltsville Bunching’ was developed by Henry A. Jones from a natural amphidiploid discovered in a population of F1 hybrids between A. cepa ‘White Portugal’ inbred 3-203-113-5 and A. fistulosum “Nebuka type” (1, 3). ‘Beltsville Bunching’ is not widely grown, which may be attributed to poor seed productivity. The original cultivar, apparently derived from a single plant, probably does not contain the genetic variability needed to allow improvement by selection alone. Additional germplasm for outcrossing is needed to correct the horticultural defects in this onion. To expand the range of tetraploid germplasm available for developing new ‘Beltsville Bunching’-type amphidiploids, several A. cepa × A. fistulosum and reciprocal crosses were treated with colchicine in the Vegetable Laboratory at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center beginning in 1981. Seeds of two amphidiploid populations designated f-c 8407 and f-c 8432, were released in Feb. 1987 from that program.
‘Tropic Star’ Dieffenbachia
Authors: Henny R. J. , Poole R. T. , Conover C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although Dieffenbachia have been important ornamental tropical foliage plants for many years, relatively few cultivars have become widely grown. Most new cultivars have originated from private plant collections or mutations of commercial cultivars, with breeding playing a small role. Due to the natural diversity of this genus, a breeding program involving Dieffenbachia was initiated in 1976 at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka. ‘Tropic Star’, herein described, is the third hybrid Dieffenbachia to be released to Florida foliage growers from that program (1, 2).
‘Stripes’ Aglaonema
Authors: Henny R. J. , Poole R. T. , Conover C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aglaonema species and cultivars are valuable ornamental foliage plants because of their tolerance of interior environments. A few man-made hybrids have become commercially important, although most new cultivars have been obtained directly from jungle exploration. About 20 Aglaonema cultivars are currently produced in Florida. Recent discoveries of Aglaonema species with unique foliar variegation patterns and petiole coloration have significantly added to the available germplasm. Many such plants were obtained and included as part of the foliage plant breeding program at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka. The hybrid Aglaonema cultivar Stripes herein described, was developed from that program.
‘Royal Blackeye’ Southernpea
Authors: Lancaster D. M. , Miller A. C. , Johnson C. E. , Young W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Royal Blackeye’ southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was released in 1985 by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station. This southernpea was developed primarily for local fresh market use. The purple hulls and blackeye seed coat pattern combination is unique among released cultivars.