bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Gum Stock Behavior of Polyurethane Crosslinking Matrix by Adding Triol Diol Mixtures for the Application of Composite Solid Rocket Propellants
Authors: Boshra Islam Kamal , Elhedery Tarek , Elbeih Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

The addition of some advanced additives to improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane (PU) polymeric matrix, which acts as a binder system in composite solid rocket propellants (CSRPs), is a target for the energetic materials researchers. In this investigation, 45 compositions of different crosslinked PU matrices were produced to demonstrate the effect of adding crosslinking mixture (CM) on the mechanical capabilities of polyurethane gum stock. The crosslinking mixture (CM) is composed of a triol crosslinker, trimethylolpropane (TMP), and a chain extender, 1,4-butanediol
(BD). For comparison, traditional PU samples without crosslinking additives were formulated. As a prepolymer, HTPB was used with a curing agent (HMDI). The research was carried out with different ratios of TMP to BD, different curing ratios (NCO/OH=0.7, 0.9, and 1.1), and crosslinking mixture contents in the range of 0-5 wt.%. The mechanical characteristics of all the cured formulations were measured. It was demonstrated that changing the ratio of TMP to BD has a significant impact on the mechanical performance causing a wide range of elongation and strength qualities. Increasing the wt.% of triol crosslinker in the sample enhanced the tensile strength, whereas the strain has been decreased. The addition of diol chain extender increased the strain rate of the samples. The mechanical parameters were adjusted simply by employing the crosslinking ingredients to get exceptional mechanical characteristics at each NCO/OH curing ratios. Also it was concluded that PU samples of curing ratio (NCO/OH= 0.7-0.9) with TMP:BD (1:1) showed a promising results and could be used according to the requirements of the rocket system designers.
The notions of inertial balanced viscosity and inertial virtual viscosity solution for rate-independent systems
Authors: Riva Filippo , Scilla Giovanni , Solombrino Francesco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe notion of inertial balanced viscosity (IBV) solution to rate-independent evolutionary processes is introduced. Such solutions are characterized by an energy balance where a suitable, rate-dependent, dissipation cost is optimized at jump times. The cost is reminiscent of the limit effect of small inertial terms. Therefore, this notion proves to be a suitable one to describe the asymptotic behavior of evolutions of mechanical systems with rate-independent dissipation in the limit of vanishing inertia and viscosity. It is indeed proved, in finite dimension, that these evolutions converge to IBV solutions. If the viscosity operator is neglected, or has a nontrivial kernel, the weaker notion of inertial virtual viscosity (IVV) solutions is introduced, and the analogous convergence result holds. Again in a finite-dimensional context, it is also shown that IBV and IVV solutions can be obtained via a natural extension of the minimizing movements algorithm, where the limit effect of inertial terms is taken into account.
On master test plans for the space of BV functions
Authors: Nobili Francesco , Pasqualetto Enrico , Schultz Timo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe prove that on an arbitrary metric measure space a countable collection of test plans is sufficient to recover allBV{\operatorname{BV}}functions and their total variation measures. In the setting of non-branching𝖢𝖣⁢(K,N){\mathsf{CD}(K,N)}spaces (with finite reference measure), we can additionally require these test plans to be concentrated on geodesics.
Deep learning-based ensemble model for brain tumor segmentation using multi-parametric MR scans
Authors: Das Suchismita , Bose Srijib , Nayak Gopal Krishna , Saxena Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Glioma is a type of fast-growing brain tumor in which the shape, size, and location of the tumor vary from patient to patient. Manual extraction of a region of interest (tumor) with the help of a radiologist is a very difficult and time-consuming task. To overcome this problem, we proposed a fully automated deep learning-based ensemble method of brain tumor segmentation on four different 3D multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The segmentation is performed by three most efficient encoder–decoder deep models for segmentation and their results are measured through the well-known segmentation metrics. Then, a statistical analysis of the models was performed and an ensemble model is designed by considering the highest Matthews correlation coefficient using a particular MRI modality. There are two main contributions of the article: first the detailed comparison of the three models, and second proposing an ensemble model by combining the three models based on their segmentation accuracy. The model is evaluated using the brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) 2017 dataset and the F1 score of the final combined model is found to be 0.92, 0.95, 0.93, and 0.84 for whole tumor, core, enhancing tumor, and edema sub-tumor, respectively. Experimental results show that the model outperforms the state of the art.
How do middle voice markers and valency reducing constructions interact? Typological tendencies and diachronic considerations
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMiddle voice markers are highly polyfunctional items that, among other things, also perform a range of valency-changing operations such as anticausativization and reflexivization. Typological research has shown that individual markers display a great deal of variation with respect to their inventory of functions. Explaining this variation remains a key question that a comprehensive typology of middle markers needs to address. We now know that only a sub-set of the possible polyfunctionality patterns is actually attested and that existing patterns often represent the result of specific grammaticalization processes. In this paper, I explore yet another possible factor, that is, the interaction between middle markers and other valency-changing constructions within the same language. Based on a study of 129 middle-marking languages, I single out two recurrent patterns, that is, complementarity and competition, and argue that their study offers crucial insights in explaining the synchronic polyfunctionality of middle markers.
Estimates of covering type and minimal triangulations based on category weight
Authors: Govc Dejan , Marzantowicz Wacław , Pavešić Petar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In a recent publication
[D. Govc, W. A. Marzantowicz and P. Pavešić,
Estimates of covering type and the number of vertices of minimal triangulations,
Discrete Comput. Geom. 63 2020, 1, 31–48],
we have introduced a new method, based on
the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category and the cohomology ring of a space X, that yields lower bounds
for the size of a triangulation of X. In this current paper, we present an important extension
that takes into account the fundamental group of X. In fact, if

π
1

⁢

(
X
)

{\pi_{1}(X)}

contains elements of
finite order, then one can often find cohomology classes of high ‘category weight’, which in turn
allow for much stronger estimates of the size of triangulations of X. We develop several weighted
estimates and then apply our method to compute explicit lower bounds for the size of triangulations of
orbit spaces
of cyclic group actions on a variety of spaces including products of spheres, Stiefel manifolds,
Lie groups and highly-connected manifolds.
Hyperspectral denoising based on the principal component low-rank tensor decomposition
Authors: Wu Hao , Yue Ruihan , Gao Ruixue , Wen Rui , Feng Jun , Wei Youhua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to the characteristics of hyperspectral images (HSIs), such as their high spectral resolution and multiple continuous narrow bands, HSI technology has become widely used in fields such as target recognition, environmental detection, and agroforestry detection. HSIs are subject, for various reasons, to noise in the processes of data acquisition and transmission. Therefore, the denoising of HSIs is very necessary and important. In this article, according to the characteristics of HSIs, an HSI denoising model combining principal component analysis (PCA) and CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition (CP decomposition) is proposed, which is called PCA-TensorDecomp. First, we use PCA to reduce the dimension of HSI signals by obtaining the first K principal components and get the principal composite components. The low-rank part corresponding to the first K principal components is considered the characteristic signal. Then, low-rank CP decomposition is carried out, to denoise the first principal components and the remaining minor components, the secondary composite components, which contain a large amount of noise. Finally, the inverse PCA is then used to restore the HSIs denoised, such that the effect of comprehensive denoising is achieved. To test the effectiveness of the improved algorithm introduced in this article, we compare it with several methods on simulated and real hyperspectral data. The results of the analysis herein indicate that the proposed algorithm possesses a good denoising effect.
Volterra composition operators from Dirichlet–Morrey spaces to Bloch-type spaces
Authors: Xiao Mao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the boundedness and compactness of the Volterra composition operators

J

g
,
φ

{J_{g,\varphi}}

and

I

g
,
φ

{I_{g,\varphi}}

from Dirichlet–Morrey spaces to Bloch-type spaces. Furthermore, the essential norms of these operators are given.
Properties of Scots pine wood impregnated with capric acid for potential energy saving building material
Authors: Mohamad Amini Mohd Hazim , Temiz Ali , Hekimoğlu Gökhan , Köse Demirel Gaye , Sarı Ahmet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with different concentrations of capric acid (CA) (20, 40, 60 and 80%) as phase change material (PCM). The hygroscopic, mechanical properties and thermal energy storage (TES) characteristics of the CA-impregnated wood were studied. The morphology, crystalline properties, phase change properties and thermo-regulative performance of CA-impregnated wood were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal performance analysis. CA-impregnated wood demonstrated an excellent performance of storing and releasing heat during phase change process, confirmed by DSC and FTIR analysis after an accelerated thermal cycling test. In addition, the accelerated thermal cycling test results indicated that CA-impregnated wood showed good thermal reliability and CA did not leach from the wood after the thermal cycling. Wood impregnated with CA solution of 80% concentration reduced the maximum temperature by 4.04 °C at the end of the heating period while it increased the minimum temperature by 2.83 °C at the end of the cooling period. The performance of storing and releasing heat during phase change process of CA impregnated Scots pine proves that it can be used as a thermal regulating building material to reduce energy consumption and cost caused by day and night temperature fluctuations.
Optimization of alkali metals discharge performance of blast furnace slag and its extreme value model
Authors: Chen Yan-bo , Deng Yong , Liu Ran , Chen Li-da , Guo Xing-min 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the alkali metals discharge capacity of slag, the gas-slag balance method was used to carry out the slag alkali metals discharge experiments, the effect of slag composition on alkali metals discharge performance of slag was studied, some suggestions were put forward to optimize the alkali metals discharge performance of slag and the extreme value model was established. The results show that the alkali metals discharge ratio of slag decreased with the increase in the binary basicity and mass fraction of TiO2, and increased with the increase in the mass fraction of MgO, Al2O3 and MnO. The change in slag composition led to the change in the solubility of alkali metal oxides in liquid slag, decomposition of alkali metal silicates, structure of the slag in liquid state and viscosity of the slag, and then affected the alkali metals discharge performance of slag. The ability of slag to absorb alkali metals was certain under the condition of fixed composition. With the help of slag alkali metals discharge extreme value model, whether the current slag meets the needs of blast furnace alkali metals discharge could be evaluated. The alkali metals discharge capacity of slag could be improved by optimizing the alkali metals discharge performance of slag combined with experiments and actual production.
Synergistic effects of hierarchical porous structure, acidity and nickel metal for hydro-liquefaction of thermal extracts from lignite over Ni/ZSM-5
Authors: Li Ning , Ren Shibiao , Jiang Tao , Yan Jingchong , Wang Zhicai , Lei Zhiping , Pan Chunxiu , Kang Shigang , Li Zhanku , Shui Hengfu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hydro-liquefaction of the thermal extracts (HPC) from lignite was investigated over ZSM-5 and Ni/ZSM-5 with hierarchical pores or not. The thermal extracts dissolved (HPC-S) and deposited (HPC-D) at room temperature were prepared to compare their hydro-liquefaction performances. Combined to the hydrogenation properties of ZSM-5 and Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts for tetralin as a model compound, the roles of the porous structure, acidity and hydrogenation component in Ni/ZSM-5 for hydro-liquefaction of HPC were investigated. A synergy of the porous structures, nickel metal and acidity for hydro-liquefaction of HPC-S over Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst was found. During hydro-liquefaction, it is essential for the presence of nickel in the catalyst, since the parts of the benzene rings in HPC-S are first saturated by hydrogen under the role nickel. Then a certain acidity especially Brønsted acid is required in the catalyst to open the saturated benzene rings. Since there are the macromolecular organic compounds in the HPC-S, the hierarchical porous structures are required in the catalyst to promote the hydro-liquefaction performance due to their improvement on the mass transfer diffusion efficiency.
Resilience and GRIT among undergraduate nursing students during the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Munn Allison C. , George Tracy P. , Phillips Tiffany A. , Kershner Sarah H. , Hucks J. Marty 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Grit and resilience are related but separate concepts. Grit is a long-term commitment toward goals, and it impacts student success and academic achievement. Resilience is the ability of students to recover from stress. Both are important factors in nursing students.

Methods
This descriptive study included surveys measuring demographics, grit, and resilience among two cohorts of senior nursing students in their last semester and explored challenges and difficulties experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
The mean grit score for all students was 4.0 (0.52) and the mean resilience score was 3.63 (0.73). Directed content analysis of the ten open-ended survey questions revealed three themes: Impact on Education, Personal Impact, and Coping Mechanisms.

Conclusions
Grit and resilience are important factors that can contribute to success in nursing programs and as graduate nurses in the healthcare settings.
Design of ER damper for recoil length minimization: A case study on gun recoil system
Authors: Phan Nguyen Huu , Patil Santosh R. , Gawade Sanjaykumar , Shirguppikar Shailesh S. , Ly Nguyen Trong , Tam Nguyen Chi , Thanh Le Thi Phuong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Recoil length minimization is always been a top concern in various structural, industrial, and defence applications. The traditional passive recoil system is not able to respond quickly to the changes in the impact force. These limitations can be overcome by introducing a semi-active recoil system, which comprises an intelligent fluid damper.

Design, methodology, and approach
The electrorheological (ER) fluid, which responds to the applied electric field and exhibits high yield strength, will be a proper damper for the recoil system. An ER damper can bring back the vibrating system to its equilibrium in a brief period. In this article, the general design procedure of an ER fluid semi-active damper has been developed, which is suitable for a recoil system. The equations of damping forces (viscous, quadratic, and ER) are modified in terms of geometric parameter, namely the piston diameter (D
P), which can be selected to obtain the desired dynamic range (greater than two) and optimum damping force. With the MATLAB software, the damper and spring specifications are fixed to meet the required conditions, viz. the dynamic range should be greater than two, and the total damping and spring force should counter-recoil the system.

Findings
Results obtained for a case study of gunfire conclude that the recoil system developed using design specifications exhibits desired performance with maximum recoil of 75.59 mm at 80°, angle of elevation, which is within the allowable range of 150 mm. It is shown that the rate of firing can be increased by decreasing the recoil length.

Originality and value
The novel procedure for the design of ER damper outlined in this work will be helpful for any recoil length minimization problem.
Refined descriptive sampling simulated annealing algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Cherabli Meriem , Ourbih-Tari Megdouda , Boubalou Meriem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is a popular intelligent optimization algorithm which has been successfully applied in many fields. In this paper,
we propose a software component under the Windows environment called goRDS which implements a refined descriptive sampling (RDS) number generator of high quality in the MATLAB programming language. The aim of this generator is to sample random inputs through the RDS method to be used in the Simple SA algorithm with swap operator. In this way, the new probabilistic meta-heuristic algorithm called RDS-SA algorithm will enhance the simple SA algorithm with swap operator, the SA algorithm and possibly its variants with solutions of better quality and precision. Towards this goal, the goRDS generator was highly tested by adequate statistical tests and compared statistically to the random number generator (RNG) of MATLAB, and it was proved that goRDS has passed all tests better. Simulation experiments were carried out on the benchmark traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the results show that the solutions obtained with the RDS-SA algorithm are of better quality and precision than those of the simple SA algorithm with swap operator, since the software component goRDS represents the probability behavior of the SA input random variables better than the usual RNG.
Spatially selective excitation of spin dynamics in magneto-photonic crystals by spectrally tunable ultrashort laser pulses
Authors: Sylgacheva Daria A. , Khokhlov Nikolai E. , Gerevenkov Petr I. , Filatov Iaroslav A. , Kozhaev Mikhail A. , Savochkin Igor V. , Kalish Andrey N. , Kalashnikova Alexandra M. , Belotelov Vladimir I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, we tackle the problem of the spatially selective optical excitation of spin dynamics in structures with multiple magnetic layers. The 120 fs circularly polarized laser pulses were used to launch magnetization precession in an all-dielectric magneto-photonic crystals (MPC) formed by magnetic layers sandwiched between and inside two magnetic Bragg mirrors. Optical pump-probe experiments reveal magnetization precession triggered via ultrafast inverse Faraday effect with an amplitude strongly dependent on the pump central wavelength: maxima of the amplitude are achieved for the wavelength tuned at the cavity resonance and at the edge of the photonic bandgap. The optical impact on the spins caused by the inverse Faraday effect and spectrum of this effect are found to correlate mostly to the direct Faraday effect. We show that even though the pump laser pulses propagate along the whole structure tuning their wavelength allows localization of a larger spin precession either in the cavity layer or in the Bragg mirror layers selectively. The results pave the way to the ultrafast optical control of magnetization dynamics at a sub-wavelength scale that is vital for modern magneto-photonics and magnonics.
Importance of biopsy site selection for peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) in peritoneal metastasis treated with repeated pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC)
Authors: Fallah Mojib , Detlefsen Sönke , Ainsworth Alan P. , Fristrup Claus W. , Mortensen Michael B. , Pfeiffer Per , Tarpgaard Line S. , Graversen Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The four-tiered peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) is used for histological response evaluation in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) treated with pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). Four quadrant biopsies (QBs) from the parietal peritoneum should be assessed by PRGS, but consensus on biopsy site strategy for follow-up biopsies during repeated PIPACs is lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference between PRGS in QBs from clips marked PM (QB-CM) compared to biopsies from PM with the visually most malignant features (worst biopsy, WB).

Methods
Prospective, descriptive study. During the first PIPAC, index QBs sites were marked with metal clips. During the second PIPAC, an independent surgical oncologist selected biopsy site for WB and biopsies were taken from QB-CM and WB. One blinded pathologist evaluated all biopsies according to PRGS. From each biopsy, three step sections were stained H&E, followed by an immunostained section, and another three step sections stained H&E.

Results
Thirty-four patients were included from March 2020 to May 2021. Median age 64 years. Maximum mean PRGS in QB-CM at PIPAC 1 was 3.3 (SD 1.2). Maximum mean PRGS in QB-CM at PIPAC 2 was 2.6 (SD 1.2), whereas mean PRGS in WB at PIPAC 2 was 2.4 (SD 1.3). At PIPAC 2, there was agreement between maximum PRGS from QB-CM and PRGS from WB in 21 patients. Maximum PRGS from QB-CM was higher in nine and lower in four patients, compared to PRGS from WB.

Conclusions
Biopsies from QB-CM did not overestimate treatment response compared to biopsies from WB.
Politically Viable U.S. Electoral College Reform
Authors: Wise Geoffrey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The U.S. Electoral College’s winner-take-all method of awarding electoral votes creates a high susceptibility to disputes and errors, but past reform attempts have glossed over their likely disruptions to power balances among states and between the two political parties. This gap is filled by connecting pragmatic models of power shifts and election disputability to a historically informed probabilistic model of future elections. This methodology is then applied to a continuum of reform proposals between the current system and the Lodge-Gossett version of a national popular vote. The results show that a modest smoothing of winner-take-all near the toss-up point delivers a good tradeoff between reducing dispute frequency and distorting power balances, enabling meaningful reform in an era of high polarization. This conclusion holds for extrapolation of the current national landscape into near-future elections, as well as for more arbitrary distributions of partisans among states to represent far-future landscapes. However, as electoral award smoothing diminishes the frequency of disputed elections, it inevitably broadens their scope.