bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ethical imperative to reduce HIV stigma through community‐engaged, status‐neutral interventions designed with and for transgender women of colour in the United States
Authors: Gamarel Kristi E. , Rebchook Greg , McCree Breonna M. , Jadwin‐Cakmak Laura , Connolly Maureen , Reyes Lilianna A. , Sevelius Jae M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn the era of biomedical HIV prevention and treatment technologies, such as treatment as prevention (TasP) and pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), there is momentum to develop and rigorously evaluate interventions focused on PrEP among those at risk for HIV acquisition and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among people living with HIV. While HIV status‐specific interventions focused on PrEP or ART provide valuable information, status‐segregated interventions can create, perpetuate, and even increase HIV stigma among transgender women of colour and other marginalized communities in the United States (US).DiscussionDue largely to community advocacy, discourses that support status‐neutral approaches have emerged in the scientific literature. Although US‐based funding mechanisms have typically designated awards focused on a specific HIV status, intervention developers and implementing agencies find creative ways to design and implement status‐neutral programmes despite such restrictions. We present our experience with intervention research in New York, Detroit, New Orleans, Puerto Rico and the San Francisco Bay Area, all Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) priority jurisdictions. Kickin it with the Gurlz’ was developed to be status‐neutral through two grants due to community demands for a unifying approach. The Transgender Women Engagement and Entry to (TWEET) Care Project was designed to improve HIV care engagement for transgender women living with HIV, but developers realized the importance of including participants of any HIV status. Healthy Divas was designed for transgender women living with HIV but subsequent implementing agencies prioritized adapting it to be status‐neutral. These examples support the urgency of designing, implementing and evaluating status‐neutral interventions.ConclusionsCommunity‐based organizations strive for inclusivity in their programming and are rightly often reluctant to segregate services based on the HIV status of their clients. As researchers, we have an ethical imperative to work to reduce HIV stigma and respond to the needs of those most impacted by HIV, including transgender women of colour. As such, we call upon funders to develop mechanisms that support the development and testing of HIV status‐neutral interventions to reduce HIV stigma and support community building, thereby increasing the possibility of fully realizing the benefits of biomedical HIV prevention and treatment technologies for all.
Does resource insecurity drive HIV‐related stigma? Associations between food and housing insecurity with HIV‐related stigma in cohort of women living with HIV in Canada
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Sokolovic Nina , Kazemi Mina , Islam Shaz , Frank Peggy , Gormley Rebecca , Kaida Angela , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Loutfy Mona ,   the CHIWOS Research Team
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionWomen living with HIV across global contexts are disproportionately impacted by food insecurity and housing insecurity. Food and housing insecurity are resource insecurities associated with poorer health outcomes among people living with HIV. Poverty, a deeply stigmatized phenomenon, is a contributing factor towards food and housing insecurity. HIV‐related stigma—the devaluation, mistreatment and constrained access to power and opportunities experienced by people living with HIV—intersects with structural inequities. Few studies, however, have examined food and housing insecurity as drivers of HIV‐related stigma. This study aimed to estimate the associations between food and housing insecurity with HIV‐related stigma among women living with HIV in Canada.MethodsThis prospective cohort study of women living with HIV (≥16 years old) in three provinces in Canada involved three waves of surveys collected at 18‐month intervals between 2013 and 2018. To understand associations between food and housing security and HIV‐related stigma, we conducted linear mixed effects regression models. We adjusted for socio‐demographic characteristics associated with HIV‐related stigma.Results and discussionAmong participants (n = 1422), more than one‐third (n = 509; 36%) reported baseline food insecurity and approximately one‐tenth (n = 152, 11%) housing insecurity. Mean HIV‐related stigma scores were consistent across waves 1 (mean [M] = 57.2, standard deviation [SD] = 20.0, N = 1401) and 2 (M = 57.4, SD = 19.0, N = 1227) but lower at wave 3 (M = 52.8, SD = 18.7, N = 918). On average, across time, food insecure participants reported HIV‐related stigma scores that were 8.6 points higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.4, 10.8) compared with food secure individuals. Similarly, participants reporting insecure housing at wave 1 tended to experience greater HIV‐related stigma (6.2 points, 95% CI: 2.7, 9.6) over time compared to stably housed participants. There was an interaction between time and housing insecurity, whereby baseline housing insecurity was no longer associated with higher HIV‐related stigma at the third wave.ConclusionsAmong women living with HIV in Canada, experiencing food and housing insecurity was associated with consistently higher levels of HIV‐related stigma. In addition to the urgent need to tackle food and housing insecurity among people living with HIV to optimize wellbeing, getting to the heart of HIV‐related stigma requires identifying and dismantling resource insecurity‐related stigma drivers.
Baseline interleukin‐10, CD163, and tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) gingival tissue levels in relation to clinical periodontal treatment outcomes: A 12‐week follow‐up study
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa , Demir Esra , Gürsoy Mervi , Firatli Erhan , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between healing response after non‐surgical periodontal treatment and baseline gingival tissue levels of M2 macrophage activation‐related proteins CD163, interleukin (IL)‐10, interferon (IFN)‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and the CD163/TWEAK ratio.MethodsEighty‐eight gingival tissue samples from 44 Stage III/IV, Grade C periodontitis patients (18 smokers) and 41 tissue samples from 41 periodontally healthy participants (18 smokers) were evaluated. Clinical parameters were recorded in periodontally healthy individuals at baseline and in periodontitis patients at pre‐treatment and 2, 6, and 12 weeks following therapy. IL‐10, IFN‐γ, CD163, and TWEAK levels were analyzed with Luminex technique.ResultsTissue levels (median, 1st–3rd quartile) of IL‐10 (pg/ng protein), CD163 (pg/μg protein) and TWEAK (pg/μg protein) were as follows: IL‐10 periodontitis: 2.08, 0.86–5.32 and periodontally healthy: 5.22, 3.20–10.25; CD163 periodontitis: 8.85, 4.92–14.06 and periodontally healthy: 18.36, 12.51‐34.02; TWEAK periodontitis: 0.08, 0.05–0.11 and periodontally healthy: 0.16, 0.12–0.21. IL‐10, CD163, and TWEAK levels were higher (P < 0.001) in periodontally healthy tissues than in periodontitis tissues. Pocket closure at 12 weeks was associated with elevated baseline gingival CD163 levels (P = 0.047) and CD163/TWEAK ratio (P = 0.001). Elevated baseline gingival CD163/TWEAK ratio was associated with pocket reduction at 6 (P = 0.022) and 12 weeks (P = 0.002).ConclusionAssociations of pocket closure with pre‐treatment gingival tissue CD163 levels and CD163/TWEAK ratio indicate that baseline M2 macrophage activation profile may play a role in periodontal wound healing.
Predicting recurrence and recurrence‐free survival in high‐grade endometrial cancer using machine learning
Authors: Piedimonte Sabrina , Feigenberg Tomer , Drysdale Erik , Kwon Janice , Gotlieb Walter H. , Cormier Beatrice , Plante Marie , Lau Susie , Helpman Limor , Renaud Marie‐Claude , May Taymaa , Vicus Danielle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop machine‐learning models to predict recurrence and time‐to‐recurrence in high‐grade endometrial cancer (HGEC) following surgery and tailored adjuvant treatment.MethodsData were retrospectively collected across eight Canadian centers including 1237 patients. Four models were trained to predict recurrence: random forests, boosted trees, and two neural networks. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to select the best model based on the highest area under the curve (AUC). For time to recurrence, we compared random forests and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) model to Cox proportional hazards.ResultsThe random forest was the best model to predict recurrence in HGEC; the AUCs were 85.2%, 74.1%, and 71.8% in the training, validation, and test sets, respectively. The top five predictors were: stage, uterus height, specimen weight, adjuvant chemotherapy, and preoperative histology. Performance increased to 77% and 80% when stratified by Stage III and IV, respectively. For time to recurrence, there was no difference between the LASSO and Cox proportional hazards models (c‐index 71%). The random forest had a c‐index of 60.5%.ConclusionsA bootstrap random forest model may be a more accurate technique to predict recurrence in HGEC using multiple clinicopathologic factors. For time to recurrence, machine‐learning methods performed similarly to the Cox proportional hazards model
Rat tail models for the assessment of injectable nucleus pulposus regeneration strategies
Authors: Barcellona Marcos N. , McDonnell Emily E. , Samuel Shani , Buckley Conor T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBack pain is a global epidemiological and socioeconomic problem often associated with intervertebral disc degeneration; a condition believed to initiate in the nucleus pulposus (NP). There is considerable interest in developing early therapeutic interventions to target the NP and halt degeneration. Rat caudal models of disc degeneration have demonstrated significant utility in the study of disease progression and its impact on tissue structure, composition, and mechanical performance. One significant advantage of the caudal model is the ease of access and high throughput nature. However, considerable variability exists across the literature in terms of experimental setup and parameters. The objective of this article is to aid researchers in the design and development of caudal puncture models by providing details and insight into the most reported experimental parameters. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were employed to screen the existing literature and 80 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. Disc geometry, surgical approaches, effect of needle gauge size to induce degeneration, therapeutic volume, outcome measures, and associated limitations are considered and discussed, and a range of recommendations based on different research questions are presented.
Military sexual trauma in context: Ethnoracial differences in ecological resources among treatment‐seeking veterans
Authors: Grau Peter P. , Valentine Lisa M. , Vuper Tessa C. , Rogers Travis A. , Wong Jennifer D. , Sexton Minden B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVeterans who have experienced military sexual trauma (MST) are at increased risk for a host of negative outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorders, and substance use disorders. Previous studies have shown racial differences in MST exposure, namely that Black veterans experience MST more frequently than White veterans. One way to help clinicians and researchers understand the impact of these ethnoracial differences in MST exposure is through an applied theory of ecological resources, which has demonstrated ecological factors (e.g., aspects of identity, beliefs, and environmental stressors) contribute to veteran well‐being in the aftermath of MST. The present study aimed to examine ethnoracial differences in ecological resources (i.e., available social support, spiritual coping, past‐year interpersonal violence, financial sufficiency, and stable living environment). Participants (N = 505) were U.S. veterans who sought care at a Veterans Healthcare Administration clinic in the midwestern United States for mental health issues related to MST. Results demonstrated Black veterans were more likely than White veterans to report being financially insecure, U = 18,091.50, z = –2.04, p = .042, r = .10. Black veterans were also more likely to report spiritual beliefs that assisted with coping, Cramer's V = .19, but less likely to report having a social support system, Cramer's V = .16. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and addressing disparities illuminated by ethnoracial differences in ecological resources and barriers in veterans seeking care for MST.
ALS patients in otorhinolaryngology: A retrospective study
Authors: Rautiola Jesper , Laaksovirta Hannu , Geneid Ahmed , Ilmarinen Taru , Pietarinen Petra , Kinnari Teemu J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesGiven its rarity and the lack of clear clinical markers, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains a diagnostic challenge. Because bulbar‐onset ALS (buALS) presents with impaired speech or swallowing, patients are often primarily referred to an otolaryngologist (ORL) or phoniatrician. The objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to analyze the role of ORLs and phoniatricians in ALS diagnostics and treatment and the potential diagnostic delay related to initial visit to aforementioned specialists.MethodsWe reviewed data for all 327 patients treated for ALS through the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) between 2010 and 2014, focusing specifically on 110 (34%) patients presenting with bulbar nerve onset (buALS). Their presenting symptoms, referral to specialized care, and delay in referral to a neurology clinic were assessed. Indications and findings from swallowing studies were reviewed as well as the incidence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and tracheostomy.ResultsAmong the 110 patients with buALS, 64 (58%) were primarily referred to a neurologist, 28 (25%) to an ORL, and five (5%) to a phoniatrician. The most common presenting symptom was dysarthria in 89 patients, (81%), followed by dysphagia in 26 (24%). In most cases, an ORL or phoniatrician suspected a neuromuscular disease; however, in eight (24%) cases, the neurological etiology of symptoms was missed. Overall, 49 (45%) patients underwent a swallowing study and 86 (78%) patients underwent PEG placement.ConclusionsAmong buALS patients, 30% initially consulted an ORL or phoniatrician and 45% underwent a swallowing study. Based on our results, swallowing studies rarely lead to immediate PEG placement. An initial visit to other specialists had no impact on diagnostic delays or survival.
Quantification of very late xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients after irradiation
Authors: Blitzer Grace C. , Rogus‐Pulia Nicole M. , Paz Cristina , Nickel Kwangok P. , Cannaday Vanessa L. , Kelm‐Nelson Cynthia A. , Sudakaran Sailendharan , Chappell Richard J. , Glazer Tiffany , Kimple Randall J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveRadiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) can result in severe xerostomia, or the subjective feeling of dry mouth. Characterizing xerostomia is critical to designing future clinical trials investigating how to improve HNC patients' quality of life (QoL). Few studies have investigated the very late (>5 years post‐RT) effects of RT for HNC. We undertook preliminary studies quantifying very late xerostomia.MethodsSix adults who underwent RT for HNC at least 5 years prior and reported xerostomia were enrolled. Five healthy adults without a self‐reported history of HNC or xerostomia were enrolled as controls. All participants completed three validated surveys to measure xerostomia‐related QoL. Salivary production rates were measured and compositional analysis of the saliva and oral microbiome was completed.ResultsThe QoL survey scores for the HNC participants were significantly worse as compared to the control participants. The HNC participants produced less unstimulated saliva (p = .02) but not less stimulated saliva. The median salivary mucin significantly higher in HNC participants than in control participants (p = .02). There was no significant difference between the pH, amylase, or total protein. Microbiome analysis revealed alpha diversity to be significantly lower in the HNC participants.ConclusionIn the survivors of HNC who suffer from late toxicities, multiple means of measuring toxicity may be useful. We found that in patients with radiation‐induced xerostomia over 5 years after therapy, not only were the QoL surveys significantly worse, as expected, but other measurements such as mucin and oral microbiome diversity were also significantly different.Level of evidence3.
Corrosion evaluation of welded nickel aluminum bronze and manganese aluminum bronze in synthetic sea water
Authors: Cobo Ignacio , Biezma‐Moraleda Maria V. , Linhardt Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNickel aluminum bronze (NAB) and manganese aluminum bronze (MAB) are highly alloyed bronzes that are increasingly employed in several industrial sectors mainly related to the hostile environment due to their excellent resistance against corrosion, cavitation, erosion, and improved mechanical properties in comparison with other copper‐based alloys. These materials are sensitive to thermal treatments, such as welding, due to a multiphase microstructure in cast conditions. To contribute to the knowledge of the behavior of both alloys, the effect of welding processes on the corrosion behavior of NAB (CuAl10Fe5Ni5) and MAB (CuMn12Al8Fe4Ni2) is studied. As the microstructures of the parent zone (PZ), heat‐affected zone (HAZ), and weld seam (WS) may be quite different, the consequences with respect to corrosion behavior must be considered. In this study, the influence on corrosion behavior in synthetic sea water (SSW) was investigated using different welded test coupons representing identical (symmetrical) and hybrid joints of NAB and MAB. The microstructures of the welded samples were characterized by metallography using two chemical agents and examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. By electrochemical corrosion testing, the major effect of welding processes on the corrosion behavior was found in influencing the amount and distribution of β‐phase which is prone to selective corrosion.
Comparative Investigation of the Hydrolysis of Charge‐Shifting Polymers Derived from an Azlactone‐Based Polymer
Authors: Fortenberry Alex , Mohammad Sk Arif , Werfel Thomas A. , Smith Adam E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPoly 2‐vinyl‐4,4‐dimethylazlactone (PVDMA) has received much attention as a “reactive platform” to prepare charge‐shifting polycations via post‐polymerization modification with tertiary amines that possess primary amine or hydroxyl reactive handles. Upon hydrolysis of the resulting amide or ester linkages, the polymers can undergo a gradual transition in net charge from cationic to anionic. Herein, a systematic investigation of the hydrolysis rate of PVDMA‐derived charge‐shifting polymers is described. PVDMA is modified with tertiary amines bearing either primary amine, hydroxyl, or thiol reactive handles. The resulting polymers possess tertiary amine side chains connected to the backbone via amide, ester, or thioester linkages. The hydrolysis rates of each PVDMA derivative are monitored at 25 and 50 °C at pH values of 5.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. While the hydrolysis rate of the amide‐functionalized PVDMA is negligible over the period investigated, the hydrolysis rates of the ester‐ and thioester‐functionalized PVDMA increase with increasing temperature and pH. Interestingly, the hydrolysis rate of the thioester‐functionalized PVDMA appears to be more rapid than the ester‐functionalized PVDMA at all pH values and temperatures investigated. It is believed that these results can be utilized to inform the future preparation of PVDMA‐based charge‐shifting polymers for biomedical applications.
Longitudinal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Presynaptic Terminals in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Delva Aline , Van Laere Koen , Vandenberghe Wim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundImaging tools that allow quantification of Parkinson's disease (PD) progression could facilitate the development of disease‐modifying therapies. Cross‐sectional studies have shown presynaptic terminal damage in PD patients, but longitudinal data are limited.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to longitudinally assess loss of presynaptic terminals in general and dopaminergic presynaptic terminals in particular as measures of disease progression in early PD.MethodsA total of 27 patients with early PD and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C‐UCB‐J, a ligand for the brain‐wide presynaptic terminal marker SV2A, and with 18F‐FE‐PE2I, a highly selective dopamine transporter ligand, in combination with a comprehensive motor and non‐motor clinical assessment at baseline (BL) and after 26.5 ± 2.1 months (Y2). SUVR‐1 images were calculated and volumes of interest were delineated based on individual 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsPD patients showed significant 2‐year worsening of Movement Disorder Society‐sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS‐UPDRS‐III) (off medication) scores, but not of non‐motor scores. Motor and non‐motor scores in controls did not change significantly over 2 years. 18F‐FE‐PE2I binding in caudate and putamen showed significant 2‐year decline in the PD group and remained unchanged in controls. Longitudinal decline of striatal 18F‐FE‐PE2I binding in PD did not correlate with longitudinal changes in MDS‐UPDRS‐III scores. 11C‐UCB‐J PET did not show any region with significant 2‐year change in PD or controls.Conclusions18F‐FE‐PE2I PET showed robust 2‐year decline in early PD, but 11C‐UCB‐J PET did not. Longitudinal changes in 18F‐FE‐PE2I binding did not correlate with clinical motor progression. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Efficient space‐time adaptivity for parabolic evolution equations using wavelets in time and finite elements in space
Authors: van Venetië Raymond , Westerdiep Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsidering the space‐time adaptive method for parabolic evolution equations we introduced in Stevenson et al., this work discusses an implementation of the method in which every step is of linear complexity. Exploiting the tensor‐product structure of the space‐time cylinder, the method allows for a family of trial spaces given as spans of wavelets‐in‐time tensorized with finite element spaces‐in‐space. On spaces whose bases are indexed by double‐trees, we derive an algorithm that applies the resulting bilinear forms in linear complexity. We provide extensive numerical experiments to demonstrate the linear runtime of the resulting adaptive loop.