bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student safety in middle school: Implications for school nurse and teacher collaboration
Authors: Pestaner Mitzi C. , Tyndall Deborah E. , Powell Shannon B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveAdolescent suicide is a public health crisis. School connectedness, a protective factor, may be especially important in low‐income rural schools, with fewer resources and higher rates of suicide as compared to urban schools. The purpose of this study was to explore teacher perceptions of safety and school connectedness in a low‐income, rural middle school, and implications for collaborative practice between school nurses and teachers.Design and SampleA qualitative secondary data analysis was used. Data were taken from transcripts from four focus groups comprised of middle school teachers (n = 20).MeasurementAn inductive approach to content analysis was conducted using in vivo Coding and Venn diagrams.ResultsThree themes were identified: (1) defiant and aggressive student behaviors were safety concerns, as teachers perceived they may be obscuring mental health needs; (2) teachers were sometimes placed in a position to assist students with safety management strategies; and (3) managing safety concerns was an obstacle to building connectedness, as reflected in safety and school connectedness.ConclusionCollaborative strategies between school nurses and teachers are essential to identify student behaviors that may be masking mental health needs. Strategies have the potential to enhance school connectedness and support student safety.
Effects of selective attention on the C1 ERP component: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qin Nan , Wiens Stefan , Rauss Karsten , Pourtois Gilles 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe C1 event‐related potential (ERP) captures the earliest stage of feedforward processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). An ongoing debate is whether top‐down selective attention can modulate the C1. One side of the debate pointed out that null findings appear to outnumber positive findings; thus, selective attention does not seem to influence the C1. However, this suggestion is not based on a valid approach to summarizing evidence across studies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the effects of selective attention on the C1, involving 47 experiments and 794 subjects in total. Despite heterogeneity across studies, results suggested that attention has a moderate effect on the C1 (Cohen's = 0.33, p < .0001); that is, C1 amplitude is larger for visual stimuli that are attended than unattended. These results suggest that C1 is affected by top‐down selective attention.
Hester Pulter's Psalmic Poems
Authors: Hatton Nikolina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay examines the use of psalm structures, rhetoric, and poetics in the devotional poetry of Hester Pulter, a mid‐seventeenth‐century Royalist manuscript poet. Scholarship has shown the adaptability of the voice of the psalms, how it is amendable to both an ‘I’ and a ‘we’ simultaneously. Pulter takes advantage of this flexibility: although these poems generally express the spiritual woes and longings of a lone speaker, Pulter's use of recognizable psalm patterns and motifs situates her poetry within a broader community that engages with the psalms through corporate worship. Pulter thus melds her own distinctive (Royalist) poetic voice with a psalm framework recognizable to any protestant reader, whatever their political orientation. Writing psalmic poems gives Pulter not only a means of expressing her private devotions in an acceptable religious form, but it also allows her to invoke an audience for her poems, an audience that may in turn blend their own voices with the voice of this lone Royalist woman.
Contraceptive Use in Urban Africa: Examining Trends in Rich–Poor Gaps
Authors: Ezeh Alex , Anyawie Maurice , Cleland John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have documented significant differences in health and reproductive health outcomes between the poor and nonpoor across various countries in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, a number of these studies is dated, and the past decade has witnessed significant shifts in health and reproductive health outcomes in many African countries. Using recent data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, this paper updates and extends the literature by examining patterns in contraceptive practice among poor and nonpoor married women in urban settings in 19 African countries. First, we analyze changes in the rich–poor gaps in modern contraceptive prevalence (mCP) in urban Africa over time. We then determine the public source of the supply of modern contraceptives to the urban poor and how that supply may have changed over a 10‐year period. The findings show that, in most Eastern and Southern African countries, previous gaps in mCP between the rich and poor married women have disappeared. Countries in Central and Western Africa, however, continue to have significant gaps in mCP between rich and poor women, with urban poor women experiencing only a modest improvement in mCP over the past decade. This paper contributes to our understanding about sub‐regional dynamics in reproductive health outcomes in urban settings in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Using a scenario approach to assess for the current and future demand of immunoglobulins: An interview and literature study from The Netherlands
Authors: Langi Sasongko Praiseldy , van Kraaij Marian , So‐Osman Cynthia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the current and future demand of immunoglobulins globally and specifically for the Netherlands by assessing: (I) which specialties contribute to current demand, (II) new areas of medical need, (III) which transformational factors may impact demand and to what effect, by using a scenario approach.BackgroundAs immunoglobulin demand continues to increase globally, there is concern of increasing shortages and questions of whether and how future demand will continue based on medical need.Methods/MaterialsIn line with scenario principles, a scoping review of Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane and grey literature was conducted. Semi‐structured interviews with subject matter experts were held. The results of the review and interviews were analysed for major themes.ResultsThe scoping review resulted in 97 articles, 74 regarding clinical uses, and 23 regarding organisational and other themes. Fifteen clinical and non‐clinical experts were interviewed. I) Neurology, immunology, and haematology were specialties that contribute most to current demand. II) Regarding potential new areas of medical need, the literature review resulted in more indications than the interviews, for example, post‐renal transplants. III) Four groups of key transformational factors were found: factors that could increase immunoglobulin demand (e.g., EMA revisions), decrease demand (e.g., replacement products, Dutch Transfer Act 2021), factors that remain to be seen how it impacts demand (e.g., further evidence), and miscellaneous factors (e.g., supply‐related).ConclusionHaving identified the specialties and relevant transformational factors that affect immunoglobulin demand, more research is needed on what clinical or organisational strategies would be effective in controlling demand in general for the Netherlands and abroad. Other blood establishments may also use a scenario approach to increase preparedness for future (un)expected developments.
U.S.‐South America trade and the J‐Curve: An asymmetric analysis
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Arize Augustine C. , Kalu Ebere Ume 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe estimate the bilateral trade balance model of the United States with each of its 12 largest trading partners from South America in order to test both the symmetric and asymmetric J‐curve effect. When a linear ARDL model was estimated, we found support for the symmetric J‐curve in the U.S. trade balance with Argentina, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. However, when a nonlinear ARDL model was estimated, asymmetric J‐curve hypothesis was supported in the U.S. trade balance with Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Uruguay. Thus, these countries can reduce their trade deficit with the United States by devaluation or depreciation.
Cultural Geography in Russia in the Early 21st Century: Current State and Key Research Areas
Authors: Streletsky V. N. , Gorokhov S. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract—
The article reviews and analyzes trends in the development of Russian cultural geography at the beginning of the 21st century, its specific features, and the latest scientific achievements with respect to the evolution of cultural geography in Western countries. Similarities and differences in the transformation of the main theoretical approaches, scientific methods, and subject areas of specific cultural and geographical studies in foreign countries and Russia are revealed. The most important thematic sections of the article cover the most significant segments of cultural and geographical research in Russia in the 2000s–early 2020s. It is shown that the main focus in the formation of Russian cultural geography (after several decades of neglecting anthropocultural approaches in the Soviet period) was cultural landscape science. The latest advances of Russian cultural geographers in the field of cultural landscape for the first decades of the 21st century are characterized. Domestic ethnic geography, which developed during the Soviet period as part of population geography, is gradually transforming to ethnocultural. Much attention is paid to the correlation of ethnic and regional identity in polyethnic regions, ethnocultural aspects of the geography of nature management, cultural geography of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East. Religious geography is a new direction of cultural geography for Russia, which has gained great relevance in the post-Soviet period in the revival of religious life in a country characterized by exceptional complexity and the diverse religious composition of the population. The article discusses and analyzes the experience of Russian developments in humanitarian geography—a set of research areas focused on studying systems of ideas about the geographic space in different sociocultural contexts. The great practical significance of cultural and geographical research and the possibility of their use for regional development and optimization of the spatial organization of society are emphasized.
Nationwide trends in emergency department utilisation for acute retinal ischaemia in the USA, 2011–2018
Authors: Hamedani Ali G , De Lott Lindsey B , Willis Allison W 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundGuidelines recommend urgent evaluation for transient monocular vision loss (TMVL) and retinal artery occlusion (RAO), but emergency department (ED) utilisation for these conditions is unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective longitudinal cross-sectional analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (2011–2018), a database of all ED visits from a representative 20% sample of US hospital-based EDs. We identified patients aged 40 and older with a primary diagnosis of TMVL or RAO and calculated the weighted number of total visits and admission rate by year. We used joinpoint regression to analyse time trends and logistic regression to measure differences according to demographic characteristics and comorbidities.ResultsThere were an estimated 2451 ED visits for TMVL and 2472 for RAO annually in the USA from 2011 to 2018. Approximately 36% of TMVL and 51% of RAO patients were admitted. The admission rate decreased by an average of 4.9% per year for TMVL (95% CI −7.5% to −2.3%) and 2.2% per year for RAO (95% CI −4.1% to −0.4%), but the total number of ED visits did not change significantly over time. Elixhauser Comorbidity Index and hyperlipidaemia were associated with increased odds of hospital admission for both TMVL and RAO. There were also differences in admission rate by insurance payer and hospital region.ConclusionOf the estimated 48 000 patients with TMVL or RAO annually in the USA, few are evaluated in the ED, and admission rates are less than for transient ischaemic attack or ischaemic stroke and are decreasing over time.
Novel ophthalmic findings and deep phenotyping in Williams-Beuren syndrome
Authors: Huryn Laryssa A , Flaherty Taylor , Nolen Rosalie , Prasov Lev , Zein Wadih M , Cukras Catherine A , Osgood Sharon , Raja Neelam , Levin Mark D , Vitale Susan , Brooks Brian P , Hufnagel Robert B , Kozel Beth A 
Published: June 2022

Background/AimsTo characterise the ocular manifestations of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) and compare these to patients with isolated elastin mediated supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS).MethodsFifty-seven patients with a diagnosis of WBS and five with SVAS underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation at the National Institutes of Health from 2017 to 2020, including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, optical biometry, dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography and colour fundus imaging.ResultsMean age of the 57 WBS patients was 20.3 years (range 3–60 years). Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/400 with mean spherical equivalent near plano OU. Twenty-four eyes (21.8%) had an axial length (AL) less than 20.5 mm and 38 eyes (34.5%) had an AL measuring 20.5–22.0 mm. Stellate iris and retinal arteriolar tortuosity were noted in 30 (52.6%) and 51 (89.5%) WBS patients, respectively. Novel retinal findings in WBS included small hypopigmented retinal deposits (OD 29/57, OS 27/57) and broad foveal pit contour (OD 44/55, OS 42/51). Of the five patients with SVAS, none had stellate iris or broad foveal pit contour while 2/5 had retinal arteriolar tortuosity.ConclusionWBS is a complex multisystem genetic disorder with diverse ophthalmic findings that differ from those seen in isolated elastin mediated SVAS. These results suggest other genes within the WBS critical region, aside fromELN, may be involved in observed ocular phenotypes and perhaps broader ocular development. Furthermore, retinal arteriolar tortuosity may provide future insight into systemic vascular findings in WBS.
Temporality of body mass index, blood tests, comorbidities and medication use as early markers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): a nested case–control study
Authors: Tan Pui San , Garriga Cesar , Clift Ashley , Liao Weiqi , Patone Martina , Coupland Carol , Bashford-Rogers Rachael , Sivakumar Shivan , Hippisley-Cox Julia 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivePrior studies identified clinical factors associated with increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, little is known regarding their time-varying nature, which could inform earlier diagnosis. This study assessed temporality of body mass index (BMI), blood-based markers, comorbidities and medication use with PDAC risk .DesignWe performed a population-based nested case–control study of 28 137 PDAC cases and 261 219 matched-controls in England. We described the associations of biomarkers with risk of PDAC using fractional polynomials and 5-year time trends using joinpoint regression. Associations with comorbidities and medication use were evaluated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsRisk of PDAC increased with raised HbA1c, liver markers, white blood cell and platelets, while following a U-shaped relationship for BMI and haemoglobin. Five-year trends showed biphasic BMI decrease and HbA1c increase prior to PDAC; early-gradual changes 2–3 years prior, followed by late-rapid changes 1–2 years prior. Liver markers and blood counts (white blood cell, platelets) showed monophasic rapid-increase approximately 1 year prior. Recent diagnosis of pancreatic cyst, pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes and initiation of certain glucose-lowering and acid-regulating therapies were associated with highest risk of PDAC.ConclusionRisk of PDAC increased with raised HbA1c, liver markers, white blood cell and platelets, while followed a U-shaped relationship for BMI and haemoglobin. BMI and HbA1c derange biphasically approximately 3 years prior while liver markers and blood counts (white blood cell, platelets) derange monophasically approximately 1 year prior to PDAC. Profiling these in combination with their temporality could inform earlier PDAC diagnosis.
Bicyclists injured by automobiles: helmet use and the burden of injury
Authors: de Roulet Amory , Torres Omar Font , Torices-Dardon Arturo , Zimmerman Eric , Khariton Konstantin , Saldinger Pierre 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundGiven the widespread use of bicycles on public roadways, bicyclists injured in automobile collisions present a familiar problem to trauma centers worldwide. The aims of this study are to characterize the current injury patterns and to quantify independent risk factors for preventable injury and death, with a focus on helmet utilization and traumatic brain injuries.MethodsThis is a retrospective study using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database for the period 2010 to 2016. Data were abstracted for bicyclists ≥16 years of age injured by an automobile. The primary outcome of interest was mortality. The secondary outcomes included intracranial, facial, and cervical spine injuries, as well as polytrauma. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with outcomes.ResultsOf the 980 955 cases in the database, 7159 (0.73%) were bicyclists involved in a collision with an automobile. The median age was 45 years and 85% of patients were male. Polytraumatic occurrences accounted for 58% of injuries. Helmet use was reported in 25.4% of cases, a rate that did not change significantly during the study period. Helmet utilization was higher in those aged >65 years and in patients located in the West and Northeast regions of the USA. Helmet use was associated with an overall lower incidence of all reported forms of intracranial injuries. Overall mortality was 7.4%. Independent risk factors associated with mortality included age >65, lack of helmet use, head injury, and abdominal injury.DiscussionBicyclists injured in collisions with an automobile are at high risk of severe injury and mortality. Preventive strategies should target older bicyclists, helmet utilization, and increasing helmet accessibility for all bicyclists using roadways.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Answering (Unions of) Conjunctive Queries using Random Access and Random-Order Enumeration
Authors: Carmeli Nofar , Zeevi Shai , Berkholz Christoph , Conte Alessio , Kimelfeld Benny , Schweikardt Nicole 
Published: June 2022

As data analytics becomes more crucial to digital systems, so grows the importance of characterizing the database queries that admit a more efficient evaluation. We consider the tractability yardstick of answer enumeration with a polylogarithmic delay after a linear-time preprocessing phase. Such an evaluation is obtained by constructing, in the preprocessing phase, a data structure that supports polylogarithmic-delay enumeration. In this article, we seek a structure that supports the more demanding task of a “random permutation”: polylogarithmic-delay enumeration in truly random order. Enumeration of this kind is required if downstream applications assume that the intermediate results are representative of the whole result set in a statistically meaningful manner. An even more demanding task is that of “random access”: polylogarithmic-time retrieval of an answer whose position is given.We establish that the free-connex acyclic CQs are tractable in all three senses: enumeration, random-order enumeration, and random access; and in the absence of self-joins, it follows from past results that every other CQ is intractable by each of the three (under some fine-grained complexity assumptions). However, the three yardsticks are separated in the case of aunion of CQs (UCQ): while a union of free-connex acyclic CQs has a tractable enumeration, it may (provably) admit no random access. We identify a fragment of such UCQs where we can guarantee random access with polylogarithmic access time (and linear-time preprocessing) and a more general fragment where we can guarantee tractable random permutation. For general unions of free-connex acyclic CQs, we devise two algorithms with relaxed guarantees: one has logarithmic delay in expectation, and the other provides a permutation that is almost uniformly distributed. Finally, we present an implementation and an empirical study that show a considerable practical superiority of our random-order enumeration approach over state-of-the-art alternatives.
Nudge: Accelerating Overdue Pull Requests toward Completion
Authors: Maddila Chandra , Upadrasta Sai Surya , Bansal Chetan , Nagappan Nachiappan , Gousios Georgios , van Deursen Arie 
Published: June 2022

Pull requests are a key part of the collaborative software development and code review process today. However, pull requests can also slow down the software development process when the reviewer(s) or the author do not actively engage with the pull request. In this work, we design an end-to-end service, Nudge, for accelerating overdue pull requests toward completion by reminding the author or the reviewer(s) to engage with their overdue pull requests. First, we use models based on effort estimation and machine learning to predict the completion time for a given pull request. Second, we use activity detection to filter out pull requests that may be overdue but for which sufficient action is taking place nonetheless. Last, we use actor identification to understand who the blocker of the pull request is and
nudge
the appropriate actor (author or reviewer(s)). The key novelty of Nudge is that it succeeds in reducing pull request resolution time, while ensuring that developers perceive the notifications sent as useful, at the scale of thousands of repositories. In a randomized trial on 147 repositories in use at Microsoft, Nudge was able to reduce pull request resolution time by 60% for 8,500 pull requests, when compared to overdue pull requests for which Nudge did not send a notification. Furthermore, developers receiving Nudge notifications resolved 73% of these notifications as positive. We observed similar results when scaling up the deployment of Nudge to 8,000 repositories at Microsoft, for which Nudge sent 210,000 notifications during a full year. This demonstrates Nudge’s ability to scale to thousands of repositories. Last, our qualitative analysis of a selection of Nudge notifications indicates areas for future research, such as taking dependencies among pull requests and developer availability into account.
A Revisiting Study of Appropriate Offline Evaluation for Top-
N
Recommendation Algorithms
Authors: Zhao Wayne Xin , Lin Zihan , Feng Zhichao , Wang Pengfei , Wen Ji-Rong 
Published: June 2022

In recommender systems, top-
N
recommendation is an important task with implicit feedback data. Although the recent success of deep learning largely pushes forward the research on top-
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recommendation, there are increasing concerns on appropriate evaluation of recommendation algorithms. It therefore is important to study how recommendation algorithms can be reliably evaluated and thoroughly verified. This work presents a large-scale, systematic study on six important factors from three aspects for evaluating recommender systems. We carefully select 12 top-
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recommendation algorithms and eight recommendation datasets. Our experiments are carefully designed and extensively conducted with these algorithms and datasets. In particular, all the experiments in our work are implemented based on an open sourced recommendation library, Recbole [
139
], which ensures the reproducibility and reliability of our results. Based on the large-scale experiments and detailed analysis, we derive several key findings on the experimental settings for evaluating recommender systems. Our findings show that some settings can lead to substantial or significant differences in performance ranking of the compared algorithms. In response to recent evaluation concerns, we also provide several suggested settings that are specially important for performance comparison.