bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Starch from South East Nigeria in the Separation of Deoxyribonucleic Acids as Alternative to Agarose Gel
Authors: Ume Austine Okpaga , Egbe Nkechi Eucharia , Vantsawa Philip Anthony , Eze Godson Ofobuike , Alhaji Abdullahi Isyaku , Umar Zahra’u , Timothy Blessing 
Published: September 2022

Gel electrophoresis technique is an indispensable tool in biotechnology and among other related fields for separation of nucleic acids and proteins. This study determined the potential of selected cassava and sweet potato starch in the separation of DNA as alternative to agarose gel. The sample pH, gelling temperature and time were determined by Light transmittance method proposed by Craig et al. [1] Standard electrophoresis procedure was used for the starch gel electrophoresis. The result showed that composite starch gelled within 18-21 minutes while agarose and agar-agar gelled after 12 minutes. Cassava starch blended with agar-agar gelled at a temperature of 58oC while sweet potato starch blended with agar-agar gelled between 35oC - 47oC. Agarose and agar-agar maintained 54oC and 53oC respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in pH value of the composite starch when compared to 1% agarose gel. Unblended starch samples did not form solid gel except when blended with some amount of agar-agar or agarose powder. Cassava and sweet potato composite starch formed good gel strength at 3% (2.2 g of starch and 0.8 g of agar-agar) but solid gel at 4% (3.6 g of starch and 0.8 g of agar-agar). This study demonstrated the possibilities for agarose cost reduction by 60% when cassava starch (3.6 g) was blended with 0.4 g of agarose. The cassava composite starch (4%) separated DNA molecules comparably to that of 1% agarose. Therefore, the use of these cheaper, accessible and readily available blended starch sources is highly recommended for separation of biomolecules such as DNA.
Influence of Long-term Application of Fertilizers and Manure on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Wheat
Authors: Patel Kiran , Kulhare P. S. , Patel Arunendra Kumar , Tagore G. S. , Lakaria B. L. , Lanjhewar Aakanksha 
Published: September 2022

A fertilizer experiment was conducted on wheat (GW 366) during Rabi session 2020-21 and 2021-22 under all India Coordinative Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, to study the effect of long-term application of fertilizers and manure on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat. Eight treatments comprised of T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% NP), T5 (100% N), T6 (100% NPK + FYM), T7 (100% NPK - S) and T8 (Control) were replicated four times in a randomized block design. The application of 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK successively and significantly increased plant height, number of tillers plant-1, number of effective tillers plant-1, number of grains spike-1 and grain yield. While the test weight and straw yield at 150% NPK was found significantly superior to 50% NPK but it was found at par with 100% NPK in both the cases. The application of 100% NPK was found significant over 100% NPK - S for grain yield. The application of 100% NPK + FYM significantly increased the plant height, number of tillers plant-1, number of effective tillers plant-1, number of grains spike-1, test weight, grain and straw yield over 100% NPK, 100% NPK - S, 100% NP and 100% N, but it was found at par with 150% NPK for all the growth and yield attributes. Growth and yield attributes were found significantly and positively correlated with grain and straw yield of wheat.
Finite‐time adaptive consensus of stochastic multi‐agent systems with node‐based and edge‐based adaptive law design methods
Authors: Xiao Guanli , Wang JinRong , Liao Yumei 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis article investigates the finite‐time consensus control for stochastic multi‐agent systems (SMASs) by using adaptive techniques. First, we propose a finite‐time adaptive consensus protocol for SMASs with node‐based adaptive law design method. Second, a finite‐time adaptive consensus protocol is also proposed for SMASs by adding a dynamical scaling parameter to the weights on the edges of the communication graph. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the two consensus protocols.
A Biomarker‐Responsive Nanosystem with Colon‐Targeted Delivery for Ulcerative Colitis's Detection and Treatment with Optoacoustic/NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Zeng Zhuo , Ouyang Juan , Sun Lihe , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a prevalent idiopathic inflammatory disease which causes such complications as intestinal perforation, obstruction, and bleeding, and thus deleteriously impacting people's normal work and quality of life. Hence, accurate diagnosis of UC is crucial in terms of planning optimal treatment plan. Herein, a pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual‐responsive nanosystem (BM@EP) is developed for UC's detection and therapy. BM@EP is composed of a chromophore‐drug dyad and the enteric coating. The chromophore‐drug dyad (BOD‐XT‐DHM) is synthesized by linking the chromophore (BOD‐XT‐BOH) and a flavonoid drug (dihydromyricetin DHM) through boronate ester bond. The enteric coating includes Eudragit S100 and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), the former is commonly employed as a pH‐dependent polymer coating excipient so as to attain colon‐targeted delivery, and the latter has been widely used as an excipient for the controlled‐extended release. After oral administration, BM@EP delivers the dyad (BOD‐XT‐DHM) into the colon and releases the dyad molecules by being triggered by the alkaline pH in t colon, thereafter upon being stimulated by overexpressed H2O2 in the inflamed colon, the boronate bond in the dyad is broken down and correspondingly the drug DHM is released for UC therapy, simultaneously the chromophore is released for near‐infrared second window (NIR‐II) fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging for UC diagnosis and recovery evaluation.
In Situ Observation of Fracture along Twin Boundaries in Boron Carbide
Authors: Li Penghui , Bu Yeqiang , Wang Linyan , Wang Chong , Huang Junquan , Tong Ke , Chen Yujun , He Julong , Zhao Zhisheng , Xu Bo , Liu Zhongyuan , Gao Guoying , Nie Anmin , Wang Hongtao , Tian Yongjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe observation of fracture behaviors in perfect and twinned B4C crystals via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) mechanical testing is reported. The crystal structure of the synthesized B4C, composed of B11C icosahedra connected by boron‐deficient C–▫–C chains in a chemical formula of B11C3, is determined by state‐of‐the‐art aberration‐corrected scanning TEM. The in situ TEM observations reveal that cracking is preferentially initiated at the twin boundaries (TBs) in B4C under both indentation and tension loading. The cracks then propagate along the TBs, thus resulting in the fracture of B4C. These results are consistent with the theoretical calculations that show that TBs have a softening effect on B4C with amorphous bands preferentially nucleated at the TBs. These findings elucidate the atomic arrangement and the role of planar defects in the failure of B4C. Furthermore, they can guide the design of advanced superhard materials via planar defect control.
Optical Signal Modulation in Photonic Waveguiding Heteroarchitectures with Continuously Variable Visible‐To‐Near‐Infrared Emission Color
Authors: Wan Qingyun , Xiao Ke , Li Zongshang , Yang Jihyuk , Kim Ji Tae , Cui Xiaodong , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotonic circuit systems based on optical waveguiding heteroarchitectures have attracted considerable interest owing to their potential to overcome the speed limitation in electronic circuits by modulating the optical signal at the micro‐ or nanoscale. However, controlling the parameters, including the wavelength and polarization of the light outcoupling, as well as the sequence among different building blocks, remains a key issue. Herein, supramolecular heteroarchitectures made by phosphorescent organometallic complexes of Pt, Pd, Cu, and Au are applied as photonic logic gates that show continuously variable emission colors from 475 to 810 nm, low waveguide losses down to 0.0077 dB µm−1, and remarkable excitation‐light polarization‐dependent photoluminescence with anisotropy ratios up to 0.68. The sequences among Pt, Pd, Au, and Cu building blocks in the heteroarchitectures are controlled by living supramolecular polymerization or crystallization‐driven self‐assembly synthetic approaches. The results indicate the prospects for using organometallic complexes and supramolecular synthetic approaches to prepare photonic circuit systems with tunable emission color and controllable sequences among different blocks that achieve modulation of the optical signal in the visible‐to‐near‐infrared spectral region.
Ultralow Macroscale Friction and Wear of MoS2 in High‐Vacuum Through DC Pulsing Optimization, Nitridization, and Sublayer Engineering
Authors: Khadem Mahdi , Hwang Youn‐Hoo , Penkov Oleksiy V. , Kim Dae‐Eun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe reliability and durability of devices that operate in vacuum and are subjected to wear are critical issues. The concerns rise at the macroscale wherein the contact area is large, yet the contact stress is in the GPa range. This paper reports on the design and fabrication of a coating comprising nitridized molybdenum disulfide (MoSN) supported by a novel nanolayered coating composed of carbon with subnanometer‐thick periodic albeit discrete Cr interlayers. The MoSN coatings are deposited onto mating surfaces using pulsed‐DC magnetron sputtering in an atmosphere with varying N2 to argon (Ar) ratios. Pulsed‐DC parameters, such as pulse duty and frequency, together with nitrogen content, are systematically optimized to achieve superior mechanical and tribological properties. The results reveal the importance of optimizing pulsing parameters during deposition as they significantly alter the properties of MoS2. The outcome is fabrication of a coating that despite having a low thickness, exhibits extremely low friction and record‐breaking macroscale wear rate in high vacuum compared to the values reported in the literature by date. Lastly, the analysis confirms the prediction of theoretical studies regarding the release of entrapped nitrogen in gaseous form during the wear process without disrupting the formation of a stable solid lubricant tribofilm.
Palladium‐catalyzed Atroposelective Interannular C−H Arylation of Biaryl Aldehydes with Aryl Iodides Enabled by a Transient Directing Group Strategy
Authors: Zhang Jitan , Fan Jian , Guo Ziyi , Wu Yehe , Wu Jiaping , Xie Meihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA concise synthesis of axially chiral biaryl aldehydes through Pd/amino acid‐catalyzed atroposelective interannular C−H arylation of biaryl aldehydes with aryl iodides is developed. This reaction proceeds smoothly involving excellent enantiocontrol and accomplishes with good tolerance of functional groups. Moreover, the readily accessible scale‐up synthesis and further transformation of products has highlighted the potential utility of this asymmetric catalytic protocol.magnified image
Observer‐based path following control for autonomous vehicles with localization errors and tire slip effects
Authors: Wang Heng , Zhang Tengfei , Quan Wei , Li Qing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of path following control for an autonomous vehicle subject to the localization errors and the tire slip effects. First, by analyzing the effects of localization errors, a loss‐of‐effectiveness actuator model is formulated, and a new chain form model is constructed for path following system of the vehicle. Then, the polytopic model is proposed to characterize the nonlinearity of the system, and an observer‐based path following controller is designed by satisfying both the
criterion and
criterion. Finally, the path following controller design problem is converted into an optimization problem, which can be solved readily through convex optimization techniques. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation results.
Emerging green routes to nanocellulose
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Ghahremani Mina , Karimi Babak , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanocellulose is an exceptional biomaterial whose industrial applications in widely different sectors and technologies so far have been limited by the high cost of its multi‐step extraction routes. Extraction methods of cellulose nanocrystals or nanofibers, indeed, generally involve the energy‐intensive mechanical treatment of wood pulp, treatment with concentrated H2SO4 to obtain cellulose nanocrystals or chemical oxidation followed by mechanical fibrillation of the partly oxidized fibers. In the last decade (2011–2021) a number of green routes to cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals have been developed. This study provides a critical outlook of said emerging new green routes to this versatile and safe bionanomaterial that, once sustainably produced, preferably from low cost cellulosic biowaste, will become ubiquitous in a number of different industrial products. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Watchful waiting is an acceptable treatment option for asymptomatic primary ocular adnexal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Mizuhara Kentaro , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Nakao Mitsushige , Takahashi Ryoichi , Kaneko Hiroto , Shimura Kazuho , Hirakawa Koichi , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Wada Katsuya , Kawata Eri , Isa Reiko , Fujino Takahiro , Tsukamoto Taku , Mizutani Shinsuke , Shimura Yuji , Yoneda Akiko , Watanabe Akihide , Sotozono Chie , Kuroda Junya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary ocular adnexal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (POAML) is the most common subtype of indolent ocular adnexal lymphomas. Although radiotherapy (RT) is the standard of care for localized POAML, it can occasionally lead to permanent side effects. Other treatment strategies, such as rituximab (R) monotherapy and immunochemotherapy, have been used for POAML treatment, but their long‐term benefits and relative merits remain unclear. While watchful waiting (WW) is a potential option for some indolent lymphomas, the benefits of WW for POAML patients are also unclear.MethodsWe here retrospectively analyzed 75 patients who were diagnosed with POAML between 2008 and 2019 in the institutions of the Kyoto Clinical Hematology Study Group.ResultsCommonly involved sites were conjunctiva (42.7%), orbit (36.0%), and lacrimal gland (12.0%), and most patients (92.0%) presented with Ann Arbor stage IE disease. The treatment strategy was selected at the physicians' discretion. More patients without subjective symptoms by tumor mass were subjected to WW (29 patients), while more patients with tumor‐derived subjective symptoms were treated by tumor‐directed therapy (24 received focal RT, and 19 received R monotherapy). Complete response rates were 79.2% and 42.1% in the RT and R groups, respectively. At 60 months of follow‐up, the estimated proportions of POAML patients not requiring new treatment were 69.4%, 85.2%, and 53.8% in the WW, RT, and R groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in the time to start a new treatment between WW and RT groups (median: both not reached [NR], p = 0.187) and between WW and R groups (median: NR vs. 69.0 months, p = 0.554). No specific predictive factor for the future need of treatment was identified in the WW group.ConclusionOur results demonstrate WW may be an acceptable treatment option for POAML, especially for asymptomatic patients.
Site‐Specific Multi‐Functionalization of the Carrier Protein CRM197 by Disulfide Rebridging for Conjugate Vaccine Development
Authors: Trattnig Nino , Li Zeshi , Bosman Gerlof P. , Kosma Paul , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConjugation of an antigen to a carrier protein is widely used for vaccine development. To develop the next generation of conjugate vaccines, we describe here a method for the controlled multi‐functionalization of the widely employed carrier protein CRM197 with a carbohydrate‐based antigen and an immune potentiator. The approach is based on the selective reduction of one of the disulfides of CRM197 followed by disulfide rebridging employing an appropriately functionalized dibromopyridazinedione. Efficient protein modification required that the reduction and functionalization with a dibromopyridazinedione was performed as a one‐step procedure with control over the reaction temperature. Furthermore, ligations were most successful when dibromopyridazinediones were employed having a functional entity such as a TLR7/8 agonist and a cyclooctyne for further modification. Site‐specific conjugation avoids modification of T‐epitopes of the carrier protein and covalent attachment of an immune potentiator will ensure that cytokines are produced where the vaccine interacts with relevant immune cells resulting in efficient immune potentiation.
CeO2 Nanorod@NiPhy Core‐shell Catalyst for Methane Dry Reforming: Effect of Simultaneous Sintering Prevention of CeO2 Support and Active Ni
Authors: Liao Mingyue , Chen Yingying , Chen Minmin , Lim Kang Hui , Li Ziwei , Wu Hong , He Xiong , Zhou Qiao , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPreventing the sintering of nano‐catalyst is crucial to maintain their performance especially for high‐temperature reactions such as CO2 reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. In this paper, we design CeO2 nanorod@Ni phyllosilicate (CeO2@NiPhy) catalysts with different NiPhy shell thickness to simultaneously preserve the morphology of CeO2 nanorod and prevent the sintering of Ni. Compared with Ni/CeO2 supported catalyst, CeO2@NiPhy core‐shell catalyst with a shell thickness of 9 nm exhibits much better performance for DRM with stable CH4 and CO2 conversions of 75 % and 80 % respectively and lower carbon deposition due to high Ni sintering resistance and higher thermal stability of CeO2 during calcination and DRM reaction thereby higher oxygen vacancies concentration. In‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra result demonstrates that DRM reaction takes place with a bi‐functional mechanism on CeO2@NiPhy. This design strategy can be applied to prepare other nano‐catalysts with high sintering resistance of both active metal and catalyst support for high‐temperature applications.
Iron and Nickel Phthalocyanine‐Modified Nanocarbon Materials as Cathode Catalysts for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Zinc‐Air Batteries**
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Kibena‐Põldsepp Elo , Mooste Marek , Kozlova Jekaterina , Kikas Arvo , Aruväli Jaan , Käärik Maike , Kisand Vambola , Leis Jaan , Tamm Aile , Holdcroft Steven , Zagal José H. , Tammeveski Kaido 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIron and nickel phthalocyanines along with different carbon supports, i. e., multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene, carbide‐derived carbon, Vulcan carbon, and mesoporous carbon (MC, from Pajarito Powder, LLC), are used to prepare six bimetallic (Fe, Ni) N‐doped carbon‐based catalysts. The aim of this work is to investigate the electrocatalytic activity of bimetal phthalocyanine‐modified nanocarbon catalysts, e. g., the effect of carbon supports on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), including the anion‐exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) and rechargeable zinc‐air battery (RZAB) configuration. The catalysts exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity as exemplified by their half‐wave potential (E1/2) for ORR and the potential at which the OER current density reaches 10 mA cm−2 (Ej=10), but the best performing catalysts are FeNiN−MC (E1/2=0.88 V, Ej=10=1.58 V) and FeNiN−MWCNT (E1/2=0.87 V, Ej=10=1.59 V). In AEMFC analyses, FeNiN−MWCNT cathode provides peak power density (Pmax) of 406 mW cm−2, slightly higher than that of FeNiN−MC (Pmax=386 mW cm−2). Both catalysts exhibit a good RZAB performance (Pmax of 85 mW cm−2 for FeNiN−MWCNT). The assembled RZABs run stably for 48 h without any significant loss of performance.
Low‐gain internal model control PID controller design based on second‐order filter
Authors: Ma Wenrui , Xu Zuhua , Peng Xudong , Zhao Jun , Shao Zhijiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA design method is proposed for low‐gain internal model control (IMC) proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers based on the second‐order filter. The PID parameters are obtained by approximating the feedback form of the IMC controller with a Maclaurin series, in which the second‐order filter is applied using the IMC approach to achieve a low‐gain PID controller that is suitable for model mismatch problems. Analytical PID tuning rules based on the second‐order filter are derived for several common‐use process models. The second‐order filter is designed from the desired time domain performances of maximum overshoot and settling time. Furthermore, the robustness of the IMC PID controller based on the second‐order filter is analyzed, and results show that its robustness performance is better than the first‐order filter under certain conditions. Finally, three categories of models divided by the ration of time constant and time delay are presented in the comparative numerical simulations to validate the effectiveness and generality of the proposed PID controller design method.
Multi‐source domains transfer learning strategy based on similarity measurement for batch process quality prediction
Authors: Chu Fei , Wang Jiachen , Peng Chuang , Jia Runda , He Dakuo , Wang Fuli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenerally, when multiple source processes are available for transfer modelling, an inappropriate transfer learning strategy may lead to the deterioration of model accuracy and even cause negative transfer. For this issue, a multi‐source domains transfer learning strategy based on similarity measurement is proposed in this work for selecting the optimal transfer modelling strategy according to different scenarios. By counting the data amount and judging the similarity between each source domain and the target domain, the rich information contained in multiple source processes is well utilized to assist the modelling process in the target domain. The proposed strategy provides three alternative specific transfer mechanisms by setting the judgement conditions so that the possibility of negative transfer can get reduced and the accuracy of prediction can be guaranteed. To ensure the reliability of the transfer model and adapt to the change in conditions, the updating scheme based on online data is adopted. Finally, the mixed‐effects Gaussian processes modelling method is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi‐source transfer learning strategy through the simulation experiment of the cobalt oxalate synthesis process.