bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overlooked subset of Cx3cr1wt/wt microglia in the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse has a repopulation advantage over Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt microglia following microglial depletion
Authors: Zhou Kai , Han Jinming , Lund Harald , Boggavarapu Nageswara Rao , Lauschke Volker M , Goto Shinobu , Cheng Huaitao , Wang Yuyu , Tachi Asuka , Xie Cuicui , Zhu Keying , Sun Ying , Osman Ahmed M. , Liang Dong , Han Wei , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Betsholtz Christer , Zhang Xing-Mei , Zhu Changlian , Enge Martin , Joseph Bertrand , Harris Robert A. , Blomgren Klas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Fluorescent reporter labeling and promoter-driven Cre-recombinant technologies have facilitated cellular investigations of physiological and pathological processes, including the widespread use of the Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse strain for studies of microglia.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing were used to identify the subpopulation of microglia in Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse brains. Genetically mediated microglia depletion using Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wtRosa26DTA/wt mice and CSF1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397 were used to deplete microglia. Primary microglia proliferation and migration assay were used for in vitro studies.

Results
We unexpectedly identified a subpopulation of microglia devoid of genetic modification, exhibiting higher Cx3cr1 and CX3CR1 expression than Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wtCre+Eyfp+ microglia in Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse brains, thus termed Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia. This subpopulation constituted less than 1% of all microglia under homeostatic conditions, but after Cre-driven DTA-mediated microglial depletion, Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia escaped depletion and proliferated extensively, eventually occupying one-third of the total microglial pool. We further demonstrated that the Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia had lost their genetic heterozygosity and become homozygous for wild-type Cx3cr1. Therefore, Cx3cr1highCre−Eyfp− microglia are Cx3cr1wt/wtCre−Eyfp−. Finally, we demonstrated that CX3CL1–CX3CR1 signaling regulates microglial repopulation both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions
Our results raise a cautionary note regarding the use of Cx3cr1CreER-Eyfp/wt mouse strains, particularly when interpreting the results of fate mapping, and microglial depletion and repopulation studies.
Coverage and determinants of modern contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: further analysis of demographic and health surveys
Authors: Boadu Isaac 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of modern contraceptives (MC) in most African countries has been low despite the high fertility rate and unmet need for family planning. This study sought to determine the coverage and determinants of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
Data for the study were obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 1995–2020 across 37 SSA countries. Women of reproductive age (15–49 years) was the unit of analysis. Analysis of data was done using STATA version 16 for windows. A bivariate Rao Scott’s Chi-square test of independence was done to determine factors associated with the use of modern contraceptives. Factors that showed significance (p < 0.05) were included in a multilevel logistic regression to determine significant predictors of modern contraceptives. Clustering, stratification and sample weighting were accounted for in the analyses.

Results
The overall prevalence of the use of MC was found to be 22.0%. This ranged from 3.5% in the Central Africa Republic to 49.7% in Namibia. The most common type of MC used were injections (39.4%), condoms (17.5%) and implants (26.5%). Women were less likely to use modern contraceptive if they: had no education (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.38–0.44), had no children (aOR = 0.27–0.42), not told of family planning at a health facility (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.67–0.71), not heard of family planning in the media (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.74–0.79) and being poor (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.73–0.79). On the other hand, women were more likely to use modern contraceptive if they were between the age of 35–39 years (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI 0.73–0.79), married (aOR = 2.66, 95% CI 2.50–2.83), had seven or more children (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.17–0.38), had knowledge of any method of contraceptives (aOR = 303.8, 95% CI 89.9–1027.5) and when field worker visited and talked about family planning (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.39–0.68).

Conclusion
The study showed a low prevalence of modern contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa. Findings from the study highlight the need to provide education to women to increase uptake of modern contraceptive and also re-enforce contraceptive interventions to improve women’s health and well-being.
Determinants associated with high-risk fertility behaviours among reproductive aged women in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Howlader Md. Hasan , Roshid Harun Or , Kundu Satyajit , Halder Henry Ratul , Chanda Sanjoy Kumar , Rahman Md. Ashfikur 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine the factors that increase the risk of HRFB in Bangladeshi women of reproductive age 15–49 years.

Methods
The study utilised the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–18 dataset. The Pearson's chi-square test was performed to determine the relationships between the outcome and the independent variables, while multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the potential determinants associated with HRFB.

Results
Overall 67.7% women had HRFB among them 45.6% were at single risk and 22.1% were at multiple high-risks. Women’s age (35–49 years: AOR = 6.42 95% CI 3.95–10.42), who were Muslims(AOR = 5.52, 95% CI 2.25–13.52), having normal childbirth (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.22–1.69), having unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 10.79, 95% CI 5.67–18.64) and not using any contraceptive methods (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.24–1.81) were significantly associated with increasing risk of having HRFB. Alternatively, women and their partners’ higher education were associated with reducing HRFB.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of Bangladeshi women had high-risk fertility behaviour which is quite alarming. Therefore, the public health policy makers in Bangladesh should emphasis on this issue and design appropriate interventions to reduce the maternal HRFB.
Negeviruses isolated from mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: da Silva Ribeiro Ana Cláudia , Martins Lívia Caricio , da Silva Sandro Patroca , de Almeida Medeiros Daniele Barbosa , Miranda Keissy Karoline Pinheiro , Nunes Neto Joaquim Pinto , de Oliveira Monteiro Hamilton Antônio , do Nascimento Bruna Lais Sena , Junior Jose Wilson Rosa , Cruz Ana Cecilia Ribeiro , da Costa Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando , Carvalho Valéria Lima , Rodrigues Sueli Guerreiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There are several groups of viruses including Insect Specific Viruses (ISV) such as the taxon Negevirus, a group of viruses phylogenetically related to plant viruses. Negeviruses replicate in mosquito cells, but not in vertebrate cells.

Methods
Pools of hematophagous arthropods were inoculated in Vero and C6/36 cells. The cells were observed to detect possible cytopathic effect. Then, indirect immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and nucleotide sequencing were performed.

Results
Seven samples which presented negative results for flaviviruses, alphaviruses and bunyaviruses, but showed cytopathic effect in C6/36 cells were sequenced. We identified the occurrence of a variety of ISVs, most of them belonging to the taxon Negevirus: The Brejeira, Negev, Cordoba and Wallerfield viruses, including a new virus for science, tentatively named Feitosa virus.

Conclusions
We detected negeviruses in the Amazon region, including two viruses that were isolated for the first time in Brazil: Cordoba virus and the Negev virus and, a new virus for science: the Feitosa virus.
Antigenic and immunogenic properties of recombinant proteins consisting of two immunodominant African swine fever virus proteins fused with bacterial lipoprotein OprI
Authors: Zhang Guanglei , Liu Wei , Gao Zhan , Chang Yanyan , Yang Sicheng , Peng Qian , Ge Sudan , Kang Bijing , Shao Junjun , Chang Huiyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal swine disease, which threatens the global pig industry. There is no commercially available vaccine against ASF and effective subunit vaccines would represent a real breakthrough.MethodsIn this study, we expressed and purified two recombinant fusion proteins, OPM (OprI-p30-modified p54) and OPMT (OprI-p30-modified p54-T cell epitope), which combine the bacterial lipoprotein OprI with ASF virus proteins p30 and p54. Purified recombinant p30 and modified p54 expressed alone or fused served as controls. The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) by these proteins was first assessed. Then, humoral and cellular immunity induced by the proteins were evaluated in mice.ResultsBoth OPM and OPMT activated DCs with elevated expression of relevant surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, OPMT elicited the highest levels of antigen-specific IgG responses, cytokines including interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and proliferation of lymphocytes. Importantly, the sera from mice vaccinated with OPM or OPMT neutralized more than 86% of ASF virus in vitro.ConclusionsOur results suggest that OPMT has good immunostimulatory activities and immunogenicity in mice, and might be an appropriate candidate to elicit immune responses in swine. Our study provides valuable information on further development of a subunit vaccine against ASF.
Inflammogenic effect of polyacrylic acid in rat lung following intratracheal instillation
Authors: Nishida Chinatsu , Tomonaga Taisuke , Izumi Hiroto , Wang Ke-Yong , Higashi Hidenori , Ishidao Toru , Takeshita Jun-ichi , Ono Ryohei , Sumiya Kazuki , Fujii Shota , Mochizuki Shinichi , Sakurai Kazuo , Yamasaki Kei , Yatera Kazuhiro , Morimoto Yasuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome organic chemicals are known to cause allergic disorders such as bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and it has been considered that they do not cause irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. It has recently been reported, however, that cross-linked acrylic acid-based polymer, an organic chemical, might cause serious interstitial lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated whether or not intratracheal instillation exposure to cross-linked polyacrylic acid (CL-PAA) can cause lung disorder in rats.MethodsMale F344 rats were intratracheally instilled with dispersed CL-PAA at low (0.2 mg/rat) and high (1.0 mg/rat) doses, and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after exposure to examine inflammatory and fibrotic responses and related gene expressions in the lungs. Rat lungs exposed to crystalline silica, asbestos (chrysotile), and NiO and CeO2nanoparticles were used as comparators.ResultsPersistent increases in total cell count, neutrophil count and neutrophil percentage, and in the concentration of the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, CINC-2 and C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), which correlated with lung tissue gene expression, were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 days until at least 1 month following CL-PAA intratracheal instillation. Persistent increases in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lung tissue were also observed from 3 days to 6 months after exposure. Histopathological findings of the lungs demonstrated that extensive inflammation at 3 days was greater than that in exposure to silica, NiO nanoparticles and CeO2nanoparticles, and equal to or greater than that in asbestos (chrysotile) exposure, and the inflammation continued until 1 month. Fibrotic changes also progressed after 1 month postexposure.ConclusionOur results suggested that CL-PAA potentially causes strong neutrophil inflammation in the rat and human lung.
Pandemic preparedness systems and diverging COVID-19 responses within similar public health regimes: a comparative study of expert perceptions of pandemic response in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
Authors: Laage-Thomsen Jakob , Frandsen Søren Lund 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNational responses to the COVID-19 pandemic depend on national preparedness systems that must be understood as components of global public health emergency preparedness systems, governed and coordinated through the World Health Organization’s 2005 International Health Regulations. The pandemic has raised the question of why countries belonging to similar public health regimes, coordinated through the same global system, responded differently to the same threat. Comparing the responses of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, countries with similar public health regimes, the paper investigates to what degree national differences in COVID-19 policy response reflect significant differences in the policy preferences of national expert groups.ResultsWe employ a structured case comparison of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden to analyze their’ politico-administrative pandemic preparedness systems and policy responses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the results of an interdisciplinary expert survey completed in 2020 to analyze expert perceptions in two ways. First, we analyze expert perceptions of COVID-19 responses while controlling for national COVID-19 trajectories and experts’ characteristics. Second, we analyze the distribution and effect of dominant global expert-held ideas across countries, showing the importance of dominant ideas for experts’ perceptions and preferences for COVID-19 response.ConclusionThe study finds no evidence indicating that COVID-19 policy variation between the most similar cases of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are the result of differences in the policy preferences of national expert groups. Instead, our study highlights the importance of other factors than cross-national expert dissensus for explaining variation in pandemic response such as the politico-administrative organization of pandemic preparedness systems. Further, we find that expert support for dominant ideas such as a ‘focused protection strategy’ is associated with consistent policy preferences across locational, disciplinary, and geographic affiliations. Recognition of the latter should be a part of future discussions about how global ideas of pandemic preparedness are diffused transnationally and embedded in national politico-administrative systems.
Global research activity on mathematical modeling of transmission and control of 23 selected infectious disease outbreak
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Mathematical analysis and modeling allow policymakers to understand and predict the dynamics of an infectious disease under several different scenarios. The current study aimed to analyze global research activity on mathematical modeling of transmission and control of several infectious diseases with a known history of serious outbreaks.

Methods
Relevant publications were retrieved using a comprehensive validated search query. The database used was SciVerse Scopus. Indicators related to evolution, growth of publications, infectious diseases encountered, key players, citations, and international research collaboration were presented.

Results
The search strategy found 5606. The growth of publications started in 1967 and showed a sharp rise in 2020 and 2021. The retrieved articles received relatively high citations (h-index = 158). Despite being multidisciplinary, Plos One journal made the highest contribution to the field. The main findings of the study are summarized as follows: (a) COVID-19 had a strong impact on the number of publications in the field, specifically during the years 2020 and 2021; (b) research in the field was published in a wide range of journals, mainly those in the field of infectious diseases and mathematical sciences; (c) research in the field was mainly published by scholars in the United States and the United Kingdom; (d) international research collaboration between active countries and less developed countries was poor; (e) research activity relied on research groups with a large number of researchers per group indicative of good author-author collaboration; (f) HIV/AIDS, coronavirus disease, influenza, and malaria were the most frequently researched diseases; (g) recently published articles on COVID-19 received the highest number of citations; and (h) researchers in the Eastern Mediterranian and South-East Asian regions made the least contribution to the retrieved articles.

Conclusion
Mathematical modeling is gaining popularity as a tool for understanding the dynamics of infectious diseases. The application of mathematical modeling on new emerging infectious disease outbreaks is a priority. Research collaboration with less developed countries in the field of mathematical epidemiology is needed and should be prioritized and funded.
Can facet joint block be a complementary or alternative therapeutic option for patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Zhi , Song Chenyang , Chen Jianwen , Sun Jun , Liu Wenge 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently facet joint block has been increasingly used to relief the residual pain after vertebral augmentation, but whether it can be a complementary or alternative to vertebral augmentation remain largely unknown. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the effect of facet joint block in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).

Methods
Following PRISMA statement, a comprehensive literature search through Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database was performed to identify relevant studies. Studies comparing vertebral augmentation combined with facet joint block (combined therapy) with vertebral augmentation, and studies comparing facet joint block with vertebral augmentation were analyzed, respectively.

Results
A total of 10 studies were included. There were seven studies comparing combined therapy with vertebral augmentation, the results showed combined therapy was associated with significantly lower visual analog scale (VAS) scores on postoperative day 1, 7, month 1, 3, and lower oswestry disability index (ODI) scores on postoperative day 1, 7, and month 3. There were three studies comparing facet joint block with vertebral augmentation, the results demonstrated vertebral augmentation only provided better analgesia in month 1 after surgery, but it was associated with a higher incidence of refracture.

Conclusions
Current evidence suggested facet joint block might be considered as a complementary to vertebral augmentation in the treatment of OVCF, but it might not be effectively used as an alternative therapy.
High familial burden of cancer correlates with improved outcome from immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC independent of somatic DNA damage response gene status
Authors: Cortellini Alessio , Giusti Raffaele , Filetti Marco , Citarella Fabrizio , Adamo Vincenzo , Santini Daniele , Buti Sebastiano , Nigro Olga , Cantini Luca , Di Maio Massimo , Aerts Joachim G. J. V. , Bria Emilio , Bertolini Federica , Ferrara Miriam Grazia , Ghidini Michele , Grossi Francesco , Guida Annalisa , Berardi Rossana , Morabito Alessandro , Genova Carlo , Mazzoni Francesca , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Gelibter Alain , Marchetti Paolo , Chiari Rita , Macerelli Marianna , Rastelli Francesca , Della Gravara Luigi , Gori Stefania , Tuzi Alessandro , De Tursi Michele , Di Marino Pietro , Mansueto Giovanni , Pecci Federica , Zoratto Federica , Ricciardi Serena , Migliorino Maria Rita , Passiglia Francesco , Metro Giulio , Spinelli Gian Paolo , Banna Giuseppe L. , Friedlaender Alex , Addeo Alfredo , Ficorella Corrado , Porzio Giampiero , Tiseo Marcello , Russano Marco , Russo Alessandro , Pinato David James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFamily history of cancer (FHC) is a hallmark of cancer risk and an independent predictor of outcome, albeit with uncertain biologic foundations. We previously showed that FHC-high patients experienced prolonged overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) following PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. To validate our findings in patients with NSCLC, we evaluated two multicenter cohorts of patients with metastatic NSCLC receiving either first-line pembrolizumab or chemotherapy. From each cohort, 607 patients were randomly case–control matched accounting for FHC, age, performance status, and disease burden. Compared to FHC-low/negative, FHC-high patients experienced longer OS (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.46–0.95], p = 0.0281), PFS (HR 0.65 [95% CI 0.48–0.89]; p = 0.0074) and higher disease control rates (DCR, 86.4% vs 67.5%, p = 0.0096), within the pembrolizumab cohort. No significant associations were found between FHC and OS/PFS/DCR within the chemotherapy cohort. We explored the association between FHC and somatic DNA damage response (DDR) gene alterations as underlying mechanism to our findings in a parallel cohort of 118 NSCLC, 16.9% of whom were FHC-high. The prevalence of ≥ 1 somatic DDR gene mutation was 20% and 24.5% (p = 0.6684) in FHC-high vs. FHC-low/negative, with no differences in tumor mutational burden (6.0 vs. 7.6 Mut/Mb, p = 0.6018) and tumor cell PD-L1 expression. FHC-high status identifies NSCLC patients with improved outcomes from pembrolizumab but not chemotherapy, independent of somatic DDR gene status. Prospective studies evaluating FHC alongside germline genetic testing are warranted.
Vitamin C improves microvascular reactivity and peripheral tissue perfusion in septic shock patients
Authors: Lavillegrand Jean-Rémi , Raia Lisa , Urbina Tomas , Hariri Geoffroy , Gabarre Paul , Bonny Vincent , Bigé Naïke , Baudel Jean-Luc , Bruneel Arnaud , Dupre Thierry , Guidet Bertrand , Maury Eric , Ait-Oufella Hafid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitamin C has potential protective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of vitamin C supplementation on microvascular function and peripheral tissue perfusion in human sepsis remains unknown. We aimed to determine vitamin C effect on microvascular endothelial dysfunction and peripheral tissue perfusion in septic shock patients.MethodsPatients with septic shock were prospectively included after initial resuscitation. Bedside peripheral tissue perfusion and skin microvascular reactivity in response to acetylcholine iontophoresis in the forearm area were measured before and 1 h after intravenous vitamin C supplementation (40 mg/kg). Norepinephrine dose was not modified during the studied period.ResultsWe included 30 patients with septic shock. SOFA score was 11 [8–14], SAPS II was 66 [54–79], and in-hospital mortality was 33%. Half of these patients had vitamin C deficiency at inclusion. Vitamin C supplementation strongly improved microvascular reactivity (AUC 2263 [430–4246] vs 5362 [1744–10585] UI,p = 0.0004). In addition, vitamin C supplementation improved mottling score (p = 0.06), finger-tip (p = 0.0003) and knee capillary refill time (3.7 [2.6–5.5] vs 2.9 [1.9–4.7] s,p < 0.0001), as well as and central-to-periphery temperature gradient (6.1 [4.9–7.4] vs 4.6 [3.4–7.0] °C,p < 0.0001). The beneficial effects of vitamin C were observed both in patients with or without vitamin C deficiency.ConclusionIn septic shock patients being resuscitated, vitamin C supplementation improved peripheral tissue perfusion and microvascular reactivity whatever plasma levels of vitamin C.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04778605 registered 26 January 2021.