bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of soil internal forces on splash detachment and transport of aggregate fragments in Mollisols of Northeast China
Authors: Ma Ren‐tian , Guo Weizhen , Hu Fei‐Nan , Xu Chen‐Yang , Liu Gang , Zhao Shi‐wei , Zheng Fen‐li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil internal forces can affect aggregate breakdown, and then impact splash detachment and transport of aggregate fragments. However, currently, the processes of soil splash detachment and transport under different soil internal forces are still not fully understood. Thus, to determine the effects of soil internal forces on the splash transport process, two soils (Binxian soil and Keshan soil) in the Mollisols (black soil) of Northeast China were selected to analyse the detachment and transport characteristics of aggregate fragments under different splash distances (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40 and 40–50 cm) through simulated rainfall experiments. Different concentrations of KCl electrolyte (from 1 to 10−5 mol L−1) were employed as rainfall materials to regulate soil internal forces. The results revealed that the net pressure of soil internal forces and splash amount presented the same trend with decreasing electrolyte concentration, that is, increased initially (from 1 to 10−2 mol L−1), followed by levelling off (from 10−2 to 10−5 mol L−1). The splash amount and net pressure had an exponential relationship (p < 0.01). Under the same electrolyte concentration, Binxian soil had a higher net pressure and splash amount than Keshan soil. The splash amount for the two soils was mostly distributed at a splash distance of 0–20 cm, and it exponentially decreased with increasing splash distance (p < 0.01). An empirical expression in our study was developed to predict the splash amount (M) based on the net pressure (N) and splash distance (S). The size distribution of splashed aggregates could be affected by the net pressure of soil internal forces, the greater the net pressure, the smaller size aggregates splashed. At each splash distance, the highest mass percentage was observed for the fragments <0.053 mm and accounted for 35.5% to 82.1% of the total splash amount. This study provides valuable information to better understand the processes and mechanisms of rainfall splash erosion in the Chinese Mollisol region.Highlights
The distribution characteristics of aggregate fragments under different soil internal forces were tested.
Relations between soil internal forces and soil aggregate detachment were determined.
The distribution of splashed aggregates size was greatly affected by soil internal forces.
Soil internal forces had important effects on splash erosion in the Mollisols of Northeast China.
Host‐use ability of a population of the herbivorous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata depending on Solanum megacarpum in northern Honshu, Japan
Authors: Fujiyama Naoyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvestigating the well‐established relationships between insects and novel host plants will shed light on numerous aspects of evolution and ecology of phytophagous insects. However, in these systems, it is not always clear which plants were originally used as insect hosts, and how the focal insects adapted to the original host(s), before establishing the novel insect–host relationships. Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a well‐known pest of the potato Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae), however its original host in Honshu, the main island of Japan, before the potato introduction is uncertain. A wild solanaceous weed, So. megacarpum, is the most likely candidate for the original host, although the use of this plant by H. vigintioctomaculata has never been recorded in Honshu. This study reports the occurrence of a H. vigintioctomaculata population depending almost solely on So. megacarpum at Yamagata, northern Honshu. Additionally, the host‐use ability of this population was compared to that of a pest population under laboratory conditions. Based on the results obtained, it is discussed how the properties of beetles on So. megacarpum facilitated the use of the potato, assuming that So. megacarpum was the original host of H. vigintioctomaculata in Honshu.
Subspecies differentiation and range‐wide genetic structure are driven by climate in the California gnatcatcher, a flagship species for coastal sage scrub conservation
Authors: Vandergast Amy G. , Kus Barbara E. , Wood Dustin A. , Milano Elizabeth R. , Preston Kristine L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding genetic structure and diversity within species can uncover associations with environmental and geographic attributes that highlight adaptive potential and inform conservation and management. The California gnatcatcher, Polioptila californica, is a small songbird found in desert and coastal scrub habitats from the southern end of Baja California Sur to Ventura County, California. Lack of congruence among morphological subspecies hypotheses and lack of measurable genetic structure found in a few genetic markers led to questions about the validity of subspecies within P. californica and the listing status of the coastal California gnatcatcher, P. c. californica. As a U.S. federally threatened subspecies, P. c. californica is recognized as a flagship for coastal sage scrub conservation throughout southern California. We used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing to develop a genomic dataset for the California gnatcatcher. We sampled throughout the species' range, examined genetic structure, gene–environment associations, and demographic history, and tested for concordance between genetic structure and morphological subspecies groups. Our data support two distinct genetic groups with evidence of restricted movement and gene flow near the U.S.‐ Mexico international border. We found that climate‐associated outlier loci were more strongly differentiated than climate neutral loci, suggesting that local climate adaptation may have helped to drive differentiation after Holocene range expansions. Patterns of habitat loss and fragmentation are also concordant with genetic substructure throughout the southern California portion of the range. Finally, our genetic data supported the morphologically defined P. c. californica as a distinct group, but there was little evidence of genetic differentiation among other previously hypothesized subspecies in Baja California. Our data suggest that retaining and restoring connectivity, and protecting populations, particularly at the northern range edge, could help preserve existing adaptive potential to allow for future range expansion and long‐term persistence of the California gnatcatcher.
Urban affinity and its associated traits: A global analysis of bats
Authors: Wolf Janis M. , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Voigt Christian C. , Itescu Yuval 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrbanization is a major contributor to the loss of biodiversity. Its rapid progress is mostly at the expense of natural ecosystems and the species inhabiting them. While some species can adjust quickly and thrive in cities, many others cannot. To support biodiversity conservation and guide management decisions in urban areas, it is important to find robust methods to estimate the urban affinity of species (i.e. their tendency to live in urban areas) and understand how it is associated with their traits. Since previous studies mainly relied on discrete classifications of species' urban affinity, often involving inconsistent assessments or variable parameters, their results were difficult to compare. To address this issue, we developed and evaluated a set of continuous indices that quantify species' urban affinity based on publicly available occurrence data. We investigated the extent to which a species' position along the urban affinity gradient depends on the chosen index and how this choice affects inferences about the relationship between urban affinity and a set of morphological, sensory and functional traits. While these indices are applicable to a wide range of taxonomic groups, we examined their performance using a global set of 356 bat species. As bats vary in sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbances, they provide an interesting case study. We found that different types of indices resulted in different rankings of species on the urban affinity spectrum, but this had little effect on the association of traits with urban affinity. Our results suggest that bat species predisposed to urban life are characterized by low echolocation call frequencies, relatively long call durations, small body size and flexibility in the selection of the roost type. We conclude that simple indices are appropriate and practical, and propose to apply them to more taxa to improve our understanding of how urbanization favours or filters species with particular traits.
Storage, patterns and influencing factors for soil organic carbon in coastal wetlands of China
Authors: Xia Shaopan , Song Zhaoliang , Van Zwieten Lukas , Guo Laodong , Yu Changxun , Wang Weiqi , Li Qiang , Hartley Iain P. , Yang Yuanhe , Liu Hongyan , Wang Yidong , Ran Xiangbin , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Wang Hailong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) in coastal wetlands, also known as “blue C,” is an essential component of the global C cycles. To gain a detailed insight into blue C storage and controlling factors, we studied 142 sites across ca. 5000 km of coastal wetlands, covering temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates in China. The wetlands represented six vegetation types (Phragmites australis, mixed of P. australis and Suaeda, single Suaeda, Spartina alterniflora, mangrove [Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina], tidal flat) and three vegetation types invaded by S. alterniflora (P. australis, K. obovata, A. marina). Our results revealed large spatial heterogeneity in SOC density of the top 1‐m ranging 40–200 Mg C ha−1, with higher values in mid‐latitude regions (25–30° N) compared with those in both low‐ (20°N) and high‐latitude (38–40°N) regions. Vegetation type influenced SOC density, with P. australis and S. alterniflora having the largest SOC density, followed by mangrove, mixed P. australis and Suaeda, single Suaeda and tidal flat. SOC density increased by 6.25 Mg ha−1 following S. alterniflora invasion into P. australis community but decreased by 28.56 and 8.17 Mg ha−1 following invasion into K. obovata and A. marina communities. Based on field measurements and published literature, we calculated a total inventory of 57 × 106 Mg C in the top 1‐m soil across China's coastal wetlands. Edaphic variables controlled SOC content, with soil chemical properties explaining the largest variance in SOC content. Climate did not control SOC content but had a strong interactive effect with edaphic variables. Plant biomass and quality traits were a minor contributor in regulating SOC content, highlighting the importance of quantity and quality of OC inputs and the balance between production and degradation within the coastal wetlands. These findings provide new insights into blue C stabilization mechanisms and sequestration capacity in coastal wetlands.
Blood pressure in persons with haemophilia with a focus on haemophilia‐specific risk factors
Authors: Ter‐Zakarian Anna , Barnes Richard F. W. , Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , Quon Doris V. , Jackson Shannon , Sun Haowei (Linda) , von Drygalski Annette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPersons with haemophilia (PWH) have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to the general population, which cannot be explained entirely by the usual cardiovascular risk factors. Neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against clotting factors might have some relation to cardiovascular disease in PWH. However, whether inhibitors facilitate hypertension is unknown.AimWe investigated the relationship between hypertension/blood pressure and inhibitors in PWH. Additional goals were to determine the relationships with haemophilia type, race, and viral status.MethodsRecords were extracted retrospectively for PWH (age ≥18 years) between 2003 and 2014 from four Hemophilia Treatment Centers in North America and included demographics, weight, height, haemophilia type/severity, HCV and HIV infection status, hypertension, use of anti‐hypertensive medications, and inhibitor status. We fitted semiparametric generalized additive models (GAMs) to describe adjusted curves of blood pressure (BP) against age.ResultsAmong 691 PWH, 534 had haemophilia A and 157 had haemophilia B, with a median age of 39 years (range 18 to 79). Forty‐four PWH (6.5%) had a history of inhibitors, without evidence for a higher prevalence of hypertension or higher BP. A higher prevalence of hypertension and higher BP were noted for haemophilia A (vs. haemophilia B), coinfection with HCV/HIV (vs. uninfected), or moderate haemophilia (vs. severe haemophilia).ConclusionWhile there was no signal to suggest that a history of inhibitors is associated with hypertension, differences based on haemophilia type, severity, and viral infection status were identified, encouraging prospective investigations to better delineate haemophilia‐specific risk factors for hypertension.
To B‐ or not to B‐: A review of lineage switched acute leukemia
Authors: Kurzer Jason H. , Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcute leukemia is a heterogeneous disorder of hematologic malignancies composed primarily of hematopoietic precursors that have acquired unregulated self‐renewal and proliferation. Hematology classification systems typically divide these neoplasms into lymphoid (B‐ or T‐) and myeloid‐lineage subtypes, with therapy dependent upon this distinction. Infrequently, certain acute leukemias may undergo a complete lineage switch at relapse, subsequently complicating the diagnosis and treatment of these recurrent diseases. Transformation from B‐lineage to myeloid lineage is the most common switch observed, and is frequently associated with a balanced 11q23 translocation, involving KMT2A. The mechanisms involved in the lineage‐switch are unclear, but modern therapies targeting the B‐cell‐specific marker, CD19, have proven to promote this conversion as one means of treatment escape. Broadly speaking, therapy‐mediated selection of alternate lineage‐committed subclones derived from the same initial pluripotent progenitors, clonal evolution and reprogramming of lineage‐committed blasts, and de novo clonally unrelated leukemias may account for the clinical impression of lineage switched acute leukemia during treatment. This review will explore the phenomenon and potential mechanisms of lineage transformation during the treatment of acute leukemia.
Nurses' job burnout and its association with work environment, empowerment and psychological stress during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Al Sabei Sulaiman Dawood , Al‐Rawajfah Omar , AbuAlRub Raeda , Labrague Leodoro J. , Burney Ikram Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of perceived work environment, empowerment and psychological stress on job burnout among nurses working at the time of the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundNurses experienced high levels of job burnout during the pandemic, which impacted their mental health and well‐being. Studies investigating the influence of work environment, empowerment and stress on burnout during the time of COVID‐19 are limited.DesignThe study utilized a cross‐sectional design.MethodsData were collected from 351 nurses in Oman between January and March 2021. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess study variables.ResultsAbout two‐thirds of the nurses (65.6%) reported high levels of job burnout. Nurse managers' ability, leadership and support; staffing and resources adequacy; and nurses' access to support were significant factors associated with a reduced level of burnout.ConclusionSupporting nurses during the crisis, ensuring adequate staffing levels and providing sufficient resources are critical to lower job burnout. Creating a positive and empowered work environment is vital to enhance nurses' retention during the pandemic.
The nervous system during COVID‐19: Caught in the crossfire
Authors: Natale Nick R. , Lukens John R. , Petri William A. 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYSARS‐CoV‐2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID)‐19, has become a persistent global health threat. Individuals who are symptomatic for COVID‐19 frequently exhibit respiratory illness, which is often accompanied by neurological symptoms of anosmia and fatigue. Mounting clinical data also indicate that many COVID‐19 patients display long‐term neurological disorders postinfection such as cognitive decline, which emphasizes the need to further elucidate the effects of COVID‐19 on the central nervous system. In this review article, we summarize an emerging body of literature describing the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on central nervous system (CNS) health and highlight important areas of future investigation.
Biofilms in wound healing: A bibliometric and visualised study
Authors: Li Peiting , Tong Xiaofei , Wang Tianyin , Wang Xin , Zhang Wancong , Qian Li , Liao Junlin , Diao Wuliang , Zhou Jianda , Wu Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBibliometric analyses are often used as a means of visualising the knowledge base and associated trends and patterns in a target scientific field based on a quantitative review of the corresponding literature. In this study, we explore the current status of research pertaining to biofilms in wound healing and elucidate trends in this research space. Through this process, we gain insight into findings from papers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection. These references were then analysed and plotted using Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace V. The results provide a fresh perspective regarding global trends and hotspots in biofilm‐related wound healing research. These findings also offer a foundation that researchers can use to identify active hotspots of scientific interest to guide further research endeavours.
Nutritional value of commercial broiler feed supplemented with olive mill waste fermented with probiotic Rhizopus oryzae strains
Authors: Hamza Ahmed Adel , Abaci Gunyar Ozlem 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The changes in chemical composition and metabolizable energy (ME) of both olive mill waste (OMW) upon fermentation by three potential probiotic Rhizopus oryzae strains and commercial feed (CF) upon its supplementation by fermented olive mill waste (FOMW) were investigated. The objective was to test whether there will be an enhancement in the nutritional value of OMW after fermentation and/or commercial broiler feed upon supplementation by potentially probiotic filamentous fungi.

Methods and results
A three Rhizopus oryzae strains (92/1, 236/2 and 284) isolated from agricultural soil that were proven to have good probiotic properties (non-toxic, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity and gastrointestinal tolerance) were used to ferment OMW, then the chemical composition was analysed after 7 and 14 days of fermentation. The FOMW with the R. oryzae 284 strain, which gave the best results, was added to a commercial broiler feed at 20%, 30% and 40% supplementation ratios. Then proximal analyses were done to compare non-supplemented with supplemented CF. Chemical analyses included dry weight, crude protein, crude fats, crude fibres, crude ash, sugars and starch, and then ME was calculated from the given values.

Conclusions
Compared to non-fermented OMW, the best results were obtained by the R. oryzae 284 strain allowing an increase in crude protein content by 23.4% after 7 days of fermentation, a decrease in crude fibre content by 9.8% after 14 days of fermentation and an increase in ME by 3.6% after 7 days of fermentation. Compared to non-supplemented CF, the ME changes of 20%, 30% and 40% supplementation increased by 8.38%, 2.83% and decreased by 4.27%, respectively.

Significance and Impact of the Study
FOMW can be incorporated into broiler feed rations until 30% without causing any decrease in metabolizable energy. It can be a cheaper alternative with promising productivity and chicken health improvements.
An Italian survey on the microbiological safety of toys containing aqueous media
Authors: Rossella Briancesco , Paduano Stefania , Paradiso Rosa , Coccia Anna Maria , La Rosa Giuseppina , Della Libera Simonetta , Semproni Maurizio , Bonadonna Lucia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The purpose of the present investigation is to fill the current gap in information regarding the microbiological quality of toys containing aqueous media and the related risks for users.

Methods
Over 18 years, a total of 491 sealed toys containing aqueous media were analysed using conventional microbial culture methods. In addition, molecular methods (PCR/nested RT-PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing) were employed to test for enteric viruses (enteroviruses and adenoviruses) in a subset of toys; subsequently, the infectivity of the positive samples was tested on cell cultures.

Results
Of the examined toys, 23.8% were noncompliant with the limits of the European guideline. The most frequently exceeded limits were those for Aerobic bacteria (84.6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29.9%). Other opportunistic bacterial species that were frequently detected were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Comamonas acidovorans. In a subset of 28 samples, adenovirus (25%) and enterovirus (11%) genome was also found to be present, although the samples with viral positivity did not show infectivity after inoculation on appropriate cell monolayers.

Conclusions
The results indicate a condition of microbial exposure related to the use of toys containing aqueous media.

Significance and Impact of Study
The investigation highlights the need for more stringent monitoring during the production, packaging and storage of toys containing aqueous matrices in order to safeguard children's health.