bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Strategic Review of Novel Sample Preparation Method for Dopant Profiling of Advanced Node FinFET Devices with Scanning Capacitance Microscopy
Authors: Adhikari Nirmal , Kaszuba Phil , Mathieu Gaitan , Dahanayaka Daminda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sample preparation is a critical step for dopant profiling of FinFET devices, especially when targeting individual fins. This article describes a sample-preparation technique based on low-energy, shallow-angle ion milling and shows how it minimizes surface amorphization and improves scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) signals representative of local active dopant concentration.
Effects of low lactose mare's milk yogurt consumption on gut microbiota function
Authors: Samat Kozhakhmetov , Nurislam Muhanbetganov , Zhanel Pernebek , Dmitriy Babenko , Dinar Tarzhanova , Indira Uyzbaeva , Zhanagul Khassenbekova , Akmaral Zhantureyeva , Zharkyn Jarmukhanov , Saniya Kozhakhmetova , Tamara Tultabayeva , Almagul Kushugulova 
Published: August 2022

Background: This study shows that the intake of low-lactose yogurt with the addition of mare's milk can affect the composition, biodiversity, and functional potential of the intestinal microflora.Purpose of the study: To study the effect of low-lactose drinking yogurt from a combination of mare's and cow's milk on the composition and functional repertoire of the fecal microbiota of rats.Methods: The study of the effect of low-lactose drinking yogurt from a combination of mare's and cow's milk on the intestinal microflora was carried out by dietary intervention for 4 weeks. Changes in the fecal microbiota were determined using V1-V3 sequencing of the hypervariable target region of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional prediction was carried out on the basis of the taxonomic structure of the amplicon sequence.Results: The results demonstrated a decrease in overall biodiversity both within the samples and between groups of animals. Discriminatory analysis revealed an increase in the relative content of Ruminococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, indeterminate taxon at phylum level, Prevotellaceae and a decrease in Helicobacteraceae, Eubacteriumcoprostanoligenes group, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae. In addition, changes in the microbial structure also affected the predicted functional repertoire of the gut microbiota.Conclusion: These results demonstrate the consumption of low-lactose drinking yogurt from a combination of mare's and cow's milk, for a short time, can affect the composition and functional repertoire of the fecal microbiota. Keywords: Gut microbiome, rats, low-lactose yogurt, microbial diversity, functional repertoire.
BrazIliaN Type 1 & 2 DiabetEs Disease Registry (BINDER): longitudinal, real-world study of diabetes mellitus control in Brazil
Authors: de Almeida-Pititto Bianca , Eliaschewitz Freddy G. , de Paula Mauricio A. , Ferreira Graziela C. 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThis study aimed at assessing the patterns of care and glycemic control of patients with diabetes (DM) in real life during a follow-up of 2 years in the public and private health sectors in Brazil.MethodsBINDER was an observational study of patients &gt;18 years old, with type-1 (T1DM) and type-2 DM (T2DM), followed at 250 sites from 40 cities across the five regions of Brazil. The results for the 1,266 participants who were followed for 2 years are presented.Main resultsMost patients were Caucasians (75%), male (56.7%) and from the private health sector (71%). Of the 1,266 patients who entered the analysis, 104 (8.2%) had T1DM and 1162 (91.8%) had T2DM. Patients followed in the private sector represented 48% of the patients with T1DM and 73% of those with T2DM. For T1DM, in addition to insulins (NPH in 24%, regular in 11%, long-acting analogues in 58%, fast-acting analogues in 53%, and others in 12%), the patients received biguanide (20%), SGLT2-I (4%), and GLP-1Ra (&lt;1%). After 2 years, 13% of T1DM patients were using biguanide, 9% SGLT2-I, 1% GLP-1Ra, and 1% pioglitazone; the use of NPH and regular insulins decreased to 13% and 8%, respectively, while 72% were receiving long-acting insulin analogues, and 78% fast-acting insulin analogues. Treatment for T2DM consisted of biguanide (77%), sulfonylureas (33%), DPP4 inhibitors (24%), SGLT2-I (13%), GLP-1Ra (2.5%), and insulin (27%), with percentages not changing during follow-up. Regarding glucose control, mean HbA1c at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up was 8.2 (1.6)% and 7.5 (1.6)% for T1DM, and 8.4 (1.9)% and 7.2 (1.3)% for T2DM, respectively. After 2 years, HbA1c&lt;7% was reached in 25% of T1DM and 55% of T2DM patients from private institutions and in 20.5% of T1DM and 47% of T2DM from public institutions.ConclusionMost patients did not reach the HbA1c target in private or public health systems. At the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant improvements in HbA1c in either T1DM or T2DM, which suggests an important clinical inertia.
Dynamic Changes of Gene Expression in Mouse Mural Trophectoderm Regulated by Cdx2 During Implantation
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Sasaki Keisuke , Kumamoto Soichiro , Tanaka Keisuke , Ogawa Hidehiko 
Published: August 2022

Implantation of the blastocyst into the uterus is a specific and essential process for mammalian embryonic development. In mice, implantation is initiated from the mural trophectoderm of the blastocyst and the mTE controls implantation progression by acquiring the ability to attach and invade into the endometrium while differentiating into primary trophoblast giant cells. Nevertheless, it remains largely unclear when and how the mTE differentiates and acquires this ability during implantation. Here, by RNA sequencing analysis with the pre- and peri-implantation mTE, we show that the mTE undergoes stage-specific and dynamic changes of gene expression during implantation. We also reveal that the mTE begins down-regulating Cdx2 and up-regulating differentiation marker genes during the peri-implantation stage. In addition, using trophectoderm (TE) -specific lentiviral vector-mediated gene transduction, we demonstrate that TE-specific Cdx2 overexpression represses differentiation of the mTE into the primary trophoblast giant cells. Moreover, we reveal that TE-specific Cdx2 overexpression also represses the up-regulation of cell adhesion- and migration-related genes, including Slc6a14, Slc16a3, Itga7, Itgav and Itgb3, which are known to regulate migration of trophectoderm cells. In particular, the expression of Itgb3, an integrin subunit gene, exhibits high inverse correlation with that of Cdx2 in the TE. Reflecting the down-regulation of the genes for TE migration, TE-specific Cdx2 overexpression causes suppression of the blastocyst outgrowth in vitro and abnormal progression of implantation in vivo. Thus, our results specify the time-course changes of global gene expression in the mTE during implantation and uncover the significance of Cdx2 down-regulation for implantation progression.
The burden of endometriosis in China from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Xiaoyan , Liao Kaijun , Luo Baoqin , Luo Jiashou 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe trends in deaths from and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of endometriosis in China remain largely unknown. This study revealed these trends and the effects of age, period, and cohort on the death from and DALY of endometriosis in China from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData on endometriosis death and DALY in China between 1990 and 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The annual percentage change and average annual percent change (AAPC) were analyzed by joinpoint regression. The effects of age, period, and birth cohort on death and DALYs were estimated using an age–period–cohort analysis.ResultsThe age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate for endometriosis significantly decreased in China, with AAPC values of −4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.10, −4.30) and −1.2 (95% CI: −1.20, −1.10), respectively. The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate decreased across all age groups. Moreover, the effect of age on endometriosis death and DALY decreased with advancing age. Both the period and cohort effects on endometriosis death and DALY showed decreasing trends, with the effects on death decreasing faster than the effects on DALY.ConclusionsThe endometriosis ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate decreased from 1990 to 2019. The effects of the period and birth cohort on endometriosis death and DALY showed a declining trend across all age groups. The effect of age on endometriosis deaths and DALYs decreased with advancing age.
Research on multi-phase flow test and flow simulation test in energy enterprise automation
Authors: Liang Ying , Wang Jinxi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:In the process of oil extraction and transportation, due to the interaction between oil, gas and water, hydrates are easily generated and pipelines are blocked. Based on this, from the perspective of energy enterprise automation technology, testing and research on oil and gas multiphase flow models and flow models are carried out. The hydrate formation area is analyzed by using the hydrate formation phase equilibrium theory, and the formation rate, deposition characteristics and blockage formation mechanism are analyzed. The influence of phase flow and heat transfer; after the boundary interface coefficient between oil, gas and water is clarified, a multiphase flow model of oil, gas and water is established. In the experimental test, the differential pressure signal is used to carry out the research on the oil and gas multiphase flow model and flow model, and it is concluded that the minimum critical superficial liquid velocity among the three flow patterns of oil, water and gas is 0.113 m/s, It can clearly characterize the characteristics of the flow pattern transition, which has certain practical significance for the sustainable development of energy enterprises.
New-onset refractory status epilepticus due to autoimmune encephalitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: First case report
Authors: Werner Jana , Brandi Giovanna , Jelcic Ilijas , Galovic Marian 
Published: August 2022

Background:Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been conducted frequently to limit the pandemic but may rarely be associated with postvaccinal autoimmune reactions or disorders.Case presentationWe present a 35-year-old woman who developed fever, skin rash, and headache 2 days after the second SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/Biontech). Eight days later, she developed behavioral changes and severe recurrent seizures that led to sedation and intubation. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging showed swelling in the (para-) hippocampal region predominantly on the left hemisphere and bilateral subcortical subinsular FLAIR hyperintensities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a lymphocytic pleocytosis of 7 cells/μl and normal protein and immunoglobulin parameters. Common causes of encephalitis or encephalopathy such as viral infections, autoimmune encephalitis with well-characterized autoantibodies, paraneoplastic diseases, and intoxications were ruled out. We made a diagnosis of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) due to seronegative autoimmune encephalitis. The neurological deficits improved after combined antiepileptic therapy and immunomodulatory treatment including high-dose methylprednisolone and plasma exchange.ConclusionsAlthough a causal relationship cannot be established, the onset of symptoms shortly after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine suggests a potential association between the vaccination and NORSE due to antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis. After ruling out other etiologies, early immunomodulatory treatment may be considered in such cases.
Clinical significance of albumin to globulin ratio among patients with stroke-associated pneumonia
Authors: Chen Lingli , Xu Minjie , Huang Qiqi , Liu Yuntao , Ren Wenwei 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIt has been proven that the ratio of albumin to globulin (A/G) is a typical biomarker for monitoring inflammation and nutritional status. But the potential role of A/G in stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remained unknown.Patients and methodsFollowing inclusion criteria, 5,173 AIS patients were included and segmented into SAP (n = 897) and non-SAP (n = 4,276) groups. The differences in variables between groups were compared. The logistic regression model was used to determine the association between A/G and SAP, and a forest plot was drawn.ResultsCompared with the non-SAP group, the SAP group had a lower A/G level (P &lt; 0.001). Then, A/G was divided into quartiles. In comparison to Q3 (A/G = 1.25–1.39), logistic regression revealed that patients with a lower A/G (A/G ≤ 1.09) had a higher risk of SAP (OR = 1.96, 95% CI, 1.56–2.46, P &lt; 0.001). On the contrary, those with a higher A/G (A/G ≥ 1.4) had a lower SAP risk (OR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.54–0.97, P = 0.029).ConclusionThe study revealed that a low A/G level was associated with an increased SAP risk. Appropriate preventative measures for SAP should be taken in AIS patients with a low A/G level.
Safety and efficacy of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescent imaging-guided lymph nodes dissection during radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Chun , Zhang Zhenyu , Qi Hengduo , Guo Zhi , Liu Yang , Xiao Haimin , Li Xiaojun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundIndocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been a new surgical navigation technique for gastric cancer. However, its clinical value should still be evaluated further. In this meta-analysis, we investigated the safety and efficacy of ICG near-infrared fluorescent imaging-guided lymph nodes (LNs) dissection during radical gastrectomy.MethodsStudies comparing ICG fluorescence imaging with standard care in patients with gastric cancer were systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through August 2021. The current meta-analysis was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines. A pooled analysis was performed for the available data regarding the number of LNs dissection, the number of metastatic LNs dissection, other operative outcomes, and postoperative complications. R software version 4.2.0 and Stata 16.0 software were used for the present meta-analysis.ResultsThis analysis included 12 studies with a total of 1365 gastric cancer patients (569 in the ICG group and 796 in the non-ICG group). The number of retrieved LNs in the ICG group was significantly higher (weighted mean difference [WMD]=7.67, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 4.73 to 10.62, P&lt;0.05) compared to the non-ICG group with moderate heterogeneity (P&lt;0.001, I2 = 70%). The number of metastatic LNs, operative time, and postoperative complications were all comparable and without significant heterogeneity. Additionally, ICG near-infrared fluorescent imaging was associated with reduced intraoperative blood loss (WMD=-10.28, 95% CI: -15.22 to -5.35, P&lt;0.05) with low heterogeneity (P=0.07, I2 = 43%).ConclusionsICG near-infrared fluorescent imaging-guided lymphadenectomy was considered to be safe and effective in gastrectomy. ICG was used to increase the number of LNs harvested while reducing intraoperative blood loss without increasing operative time or postoperative complications.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021291863.
Prognostication in palliative radiotherapy—ProPaRT: Accuracy of prognostic scores
Authors: Maltoni Marco , Scarpi Emanuela , Dall’Agata Monia , Micheletti Simona , Pallotti Maria Caterina , Pieri Martina , Ricci Marianna , Romeo Antonino , Tenti Maria Valentina , Tontini Luca , Rossi Romina 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPrognostication can be used within a tailored decision-making process to achieve a more personalized approach to the care of patients with cancer. This prospective observational study evaluated the accuracy of the Palliative Prognostic score (PaP score) to predict survival in patients identified by oncologists as candidates for palliative radiotherapy (PRT). We also studied interrater variability for the clinical prediction of survival and PaP scores and assessed the accuracy of the Survival Prediction Score (SPS) and TEACHH score.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients were enrolled at first access to our Radiotherapy and Palliative Care Outpatient Clinic. The discriminating ability of the prognostic models was assessed using Harrell’s C index, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained by bootstrapping.ResultsIn total, 255 patients with metastatic cancer were evaluated, and 123 (48.2%) were selected for PRT, all of whom completed treatment without interruption. Then, 10.6% of the irradiated patients who died underwent treatment within the last 30 days of life. The PaP score showed an accuracy of 74.8 (95% CI, 69.5–80.1) for radiation oncologist (RO) and 80.7 (95% CI, 75.9–85.5) for palliative care physician (PCP) in predicting 30-day survival. The accuracy of TEACHH was 76.1 (95% CI, 70.9–81.3) and 64.7 (95% CI, 58.8–70.6) for RO and PCP, respectively, and the accuracy of SPS was 70 (95% CI, 64.4–75.6) and 72.8 (95% CI, 67.3–78.3).ConclusionAccurate prognostication can identify candidates for low-fraction PRT during the last days of life who are more likely to complete the planned treatment without interruption.All the scores showed good discriminating capacity; the PaP had the higher accuracy, especially when used in a multidisciplinary way.
Development and validation of a novel prognostic model for patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hu Haiyang , Zhang Jun , Yan Hang , Qin Chao , Guo Haiyang , Liu Tao , Tang Shengjie , Zhou Haining 
Published: August 2022

Background and objectivesEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common pathological type of esophageal malignancy in most regions of the world. The study aimed to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for ESCC following surgical resection.Patients and methodsA total of 533 ESCC patients who underwent surgical resection from Suining Central Hospital were enrolled in the study. Cox proportional hazards regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression were performed to identify significant prognostic factors. A prognostic model was constructed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, concordance index (C-index), and decision cure analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the prognostic model. Subsequently, we built a nomogram for overall survival (OS) incorporating the prognostic factors, and a calibration plot was employed to assess the consistency between the predicted survival and the observed survival. Based on the model risk score, we split the patients into two subgroups, low-risk and high-risk, and we analyzed the survival time of these two groups using Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival plots.ResultsFive independent prognosis factors were identified as independent risk factors for OS in ESCC patients who underwent surgical resection. The C-index, ROC curve, and DCA showed that the prognostic model had good predictive accuracy and discriminatory power in the training cohort and validation cohort than other clinical features. A nomogram consisting of prognosis factors showed some superior net benefit. K-M survival plots showed significant differences in OS between the low-risk and high-risk groups. Similar results were observed in the subgroup analysis based on age, grade, and stage. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that both risk score and risk group are independent prognostic factors in the patient cohort.ConclusionsThis study put forward a novel prognostic model based on clinical features; biopsy data and blood biomarkers may represent a promising tool for estimating OS in ESCC patients.
Autophagy-related prognostic signature characterizes tumor microenvironment and predicts response to ferroptosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Haoran , Xu Bing , Du Jing , Wu Yunyi , Shao Fangchun , Gao Yan , Zhang Ping , Zhou Junyu , Tong Xiangmin , Wang Ying , Li Yanchun 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is an important disease and the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. Autophagy is an important process for the turnover of intracellular substances. Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) are crucial in cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates the clinicopathological significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in predicting prognosis and treatment efficacy.MethodsClinical and gene expression data of GC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. A total of 22 genes with differences in expression and prognosis were screened from 232 ARGs. Three autophagy patterns were identified using an unsupervised clustering algorithm and scored using principal component analysis to predict the value of autophagy in the prognosis of GC patients. Finally, the relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis was validated in gastric cancer cells.ResultsThe expression of ARGs showed obvious heterogeneity in GC patients. Three autophagy patterns were identified and used to predict the overall survival of GC patients. These three patterns were well-matched with the immunophenotype. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses showed that the biological functions of the three autophagy patterns were different. A scoring system was then set up to quantify the autophagy model and further evaluate the response of the patients to the immunotherapy. Patients with high autophagy scores had a more severe tumor mutation burden and better prognosis. High autophagy scores were accompanied by high microsatellite instability. Patients with high autophagy scores had significantly higher PD-L1 expression and increased survival. The experimental results confirmed that the expression of ferroptosis genes was positively correlated with the expression of autophagy genes in different autophagy clusters, and inhibition of autophagy dramatically reversed the decrease in ferroptotic cell death and lipid accumulation.ConclusionsAutophagy patterns are involved in TME diversity and complexity. Autophagy score can be used as an independent prognostic biomarker in GC patients and to predict the effect of immunotherapy and ferroptosis-based therapy. This might benefit individualized treatment for GC.