bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic determinants of healthy behaviours among primary schoolchildren and adolescents in Lokossa district of southern Benin
Authors: Sagbo Herbert , Kpodji Paulin , Bakai Tchaa Abalo , Khanafer Nagham 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
There is little information regarding fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA) among schoolchildren in Benin. In this study we evaluated the differences in breakfast eating, FV consumption and PA according to socio-economic (SE) determinants in primary schoolchildren.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using a probabilistic sample of 612 students (8–17 y of age) from 26 primary schools was done between December 2018 and January 2019. The association was estimated by logistic regression analyses.

Results
Of all students, 53% were physically inactive, 60% took breakfast &lt;5 d/week, 84% irregularly ate fruits and 68% irregularly ate vegetables. Younger students (8–10 y) take breakfast regularly and older ones (&gt;15 y) were physically more active. The probability of regular breakfast and fruit consumption were significantly higher in children of educated parents (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.001, respectively) compared with children of non-educated parents. Medium SE status was associated with regular breakfast intake, whereas high SE status was associated with higher fruit intake and lower physical activity compared with low SE status (p&lt;0.001). There was no association between breakfast eating, FV intake, PA and the body mass index.

Conclusions
Findings emphasize the need for interventions to promote healthy eating behaviours in primary schoolchildren and their family environments.
BayesVarbrul: a unified multidimensional analysis of language change in a speaker community
Authors: Hua Xia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Exchange in ideas between language evolution and biological evolution has a long history, due to a shared theoretical foundation between language and biology as two evolving systems. Both systems evolve in terms of the frequency of a variant in a population for each of a large number of variables, that is how often a particular variant of a language variable is used in a speaker community and how many individuals in a biological population carry a particular variant of a gene. The way these frequencies change has been modelled under a similar mathematical framework. Here, I show how we can use concepts from genome wide association studies that identify the source of natural selection and the genes under selection in a biological population to study how social factors affect the usage of language variables in a speaker community or how some social groups use some language variables differently from other groups. Using the Gurindji Kriol language as a case study, I show how this approach unifies existing mathematical and statistical tools in studying language evolution over a large number of speakers and a large number of language variables, which provides a promising link between micro- and macro-evolution in language. The approach is named BayesVarbrul and is ready to apply to datasets other than the Gurindji Kriol dataset, including existing corpus data. The code and the instructions are available at https://github.com/huaxia1985/BayesVarbrul.
Group B Streptococcal Cellulitis-Adenitis Syndrome in Infants: Insights From 24 Years of Experience
Authors: Del Valle Penella Ana , Pretorius Christopher C , Baker Carol J , Rench Marcia A , Healy Catherine Mary , Edwards Morven S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This series of 28 infants with group B streptococcal (GBS) cellulitis-adenitis from a single institution over 24 years offers insights important to the early recognition, spectrum of findings, and optimal management of this rare manifestation of invasive GBS disease.
Bladder carcinosarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation: a rare case report
Authors: Rahoui Moez , Dali Kheireddine Mrad , Chaker Kays , Ouanes Yassine , Bibi Mokhtar , Sellami Ahmed , Rhouma Sami Ben , Nouira Yassine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Carcinosarcoma is a distinct neoplasm consisting of bidirectional differentiation toward epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Bladder localization is rare and the association with a rahbdomyoblastic component is exceptional. Few cases of bladder carcinosarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a bladder carcinosarcoma in a 68-year-old man who presented with terminal hematuria and discuss difficulties of diagnostic and treatment.
Triggering micronovae through magnetically confined accretion flows in accreting white dwarfs
Authors: Scaringi S , Groot P J , Knigge C , Lasota J-P , de Martino D , Cavecchi Y , Buckley D A H , Camisassa M E 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Rapid bursts at optical wavelengths have been reported for several accreting white dwarfs. In these bursts, the optical luminosity can increase by up to a factor of 30 in less than an hour, before fading on time-scales of several hours, and the energy release can reach ~1039 erg (‘micronovae’). Several systems have also shown these bursts to be semirecurrent on time-scales of days to months, and the temporal profiles of these bursts strongly resemble those observed in Type-I X-ray bursts in accreting neutron stars. It has been suggested that the observed micronovae may be the result of localized thermonuclear runaways in the surface layers of accreting white dwarfs. Here we propose a model in which the magnetic confinement of accretion streams on to the accreting magnetic white dwarf may trigger localized thermonuclear runaways. The model proposed to trigger micronovae appears to favour magnetic systems with both a high white dwarf mass and a high mass-transfer rate.
Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab Improve Symptoms and Associated Outcomes in Ambulatory Patients at Increased Risk for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results From the Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Phase 3 BLAZE-1 Trial
Authors: Chen Peter , Behre Gerhard , Hebert Corey , Kumar Princy , Farmer Macpherson Lisa , Graham-Clarke Peita Louise , De La Torre Inmaculada , Nichols Russell M , Hufford Matthew M , Patel Dipak R , Naegeli April N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
In the phase 2/3 BLAZE-1 trial, bamlanivimab and etesevimab together reduced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related hospitalizations and any-cause mortality in ambulatory patients. Herein, we assess the impact of bamlanivimab and etesevimab treatment on the severity and length of symptoms and health outcomes among patients at increased risk for severe COVID-19.

Methods
In the phase 3 portion of BLAZE-1 (NCT04427501), symptomatic patients with increased risk for severe COVID-19 were randomized (2:1) to a single infusion of 700 mg bamlanivimab and 1400 mg etesevimab or placebo. Hospitalization events, vital signs, and symptomatology were monitored throughout the trial.

Results
Overall, 769 patients were randomized to bamlanivimab and etesevimab together (n = 511) or placebo (n = 258). The time to sustained symptom resolution was significantly shorter among patients who received bamlanivimab and etesevimab compared with placebo (8 vs 10 days; P &lt; .01). The median time to first sustained symptom resolution of body aches and pain, chills, fatigue, feeling feverish, headache, and shortness of breath was significantly different in patients receiving bamlanivimab and etesevimab compared to placebo (P &lt; .05). The proportion of patients who experienced COVID-19–related hospitalization by day 29 was significantly reduced among the bamlanivimab and etesevimab group compared with placebo (0.8% vs 5.4%; P &lt; .01). The mean duration of hospital stay was numerically shorter among patients who received bamlanivimab and etesevimab (7.3 vs 13.5 days; P = .16), with fewer intensive care admissions.

Conclusions
Patients receiving bamlanivimab and etesevimab together resolved their symptoms more rapidly than those receiving placebo. Bamlanivimab and etesevimab treatment was associated with reduced rates of hospitalizations and shorter hospital stays.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04427501.
Influence of Aging on Memory Across Cultures
Authors: Gutchess Angela , Mukadam Nishaat , Zhang Wanbing , Zhang Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the emerging literature on the ways in which culture can influence memory with age. It first discusses the typical effects of healthy and pathological aging (Alzheimer’s disease [AD]) on brain metrics. Next, comparisons of healthy older adults across cultures are reviewed, including studies of brain structure, function, and strategies that yield accurate or erroneous memory. Social influences, such as stereotypes and beliefs about aging, are presented in terms of their direct effects on memory outcomes. The next section considers socioemotional influences more broadly, including social networks and future time perspective that can impact focus on positive information, and how they can impact cognition and memory across cultures with age. The chapter next focuses on AD. Although the work on healthy aging underscores the potential for malleability in memory and cognition across cultures, this may not be possible when pathological changes occur. Thus, this section discusses ways in which culture could impact risk factors for AD and diagnosis, including a number of challenges and considerations for neuropsychological assessment.
The strong CP problem and higher dimensional gauge theories
Authors: Adachi Yuki , Lim C S , Maru Nobuhito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We discuss a natural scenario to solve the strong CP problem in the framework of the higher dimensional gauge theory. An axion-like field Ay has been built-in as the extra-space component of the higher dimensional gauge field. The coupling of Ay with gluons is attributed to the radiatively induced “Chern-Simons” (CS) term. We adopt a toy model with some unknown gauge symmetry U(1)X. The CS term is obtained in two ways: first by a concrete 1-loop calculation and next by use of the Fujikawa’s method to deal with the chiral anomaly in 4D space-time. The obtained results are identical, which implies that the radiative correction to the CS term is “1-loop exact” and is also free from UV-divergence even though the theory itself is non-renormalizable. As a novel feature of this scenario, such obtained CS term is no longer linear in the field Ay as in the usually discussed CS term in 5D space-time but a periodic function of Ay, since Ay has a physical meaning as the Wilson-loop phase. We argue how such novel feature of this scenario causes the modification of the ordinary solutions of the strong CP problem based on the axion fields.
Key population perceptions and opinions about long-acting antiretrovirals for prevention and treatment: a scoping review
Authors: Sued Omar , Nardi Norma , Spadaccini Luciana 
Published: April 2022

Purpose of review
Key populations are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Access, retention, and adherence are important barriers for the efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV treatment among these populations. Long-acting (LA) antiretrovirals hold the promise to solve some of these backdrops. The objective of the current review is to update the perceptions of key populations and PLWH about LA, based on their opinion, acceptability, and willingness to use it.

Recent findings
According to the review preferences for LA vary with the population studied. Regarding people living with HIV (PLWH), male having sex with men are interested in having different options, adolescents are interested in LA (strong preference for implants), yet also perceive substantial obstacles to using biomedical prevention; transgender women aimed to nonvisible small implants, with long-lasting effects or LA injections that can be applied in other areas than buttocks, and women who experienced history of medical injections might increase preference for LA (except for history of people who inject drugs [IDU]). Female sex workers and IDU both showed interest in LA-PrEP. Regarding antiretroviral therapy, LA increased treatment satisfaction and acceptance, mainly among those receiving injections every 2 months. LA helped overcome pill fatigue, stigma, and adherence issues.

Summary
Knowing preferences for biomedical interventions will contribute to better understanding and developing effective strategies for these populations.
Cornea Classic: Spoerl et al, 2007, the “Holy Grail of CXL”
Authors: Padmanabhan Prema 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Corneal collagen cross-linking has established itself as the only known treatment with a proven ability to arrest the progression of keratoconus. The efficacy and safety of the procedure have been entirely due to meticulous preparation by the innovators of this technique, before clinical application was confidently advocated. The article by Spoerl et al, entitled “Safety of UVA riboflavin crosslinking of the cornea,” one of the most frequently cited articles in the journal “Cornea,” explains the logic behind the formulation of the “Dresdon protocol” that remains the gold standard in the treatment of keratoconus by collagen cross-linking.
Effect of Mydriatic Administration On Retinal Hemodynamics in Glaucoma: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Ozturker Zeynep , Kurt Rengin Aslihan 
Published: April 2022

Précis:
Pupillary dilation with 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine resulted in a statistically significant decrease in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics in glaucoma eyes. This observation emphasizes the critical role of pupillary status in interpreting glaucomatous vascular alterations detected by OCTA.

Purpose:
To evaluate the influence of mydriatic eye drops on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods:
A total of 20 POAG eyes and 20 control eyes were recruited in the study. The imaging area on the fundus was visualized by AngioPlex (Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec) using en face view of 3×3▒mm and 6×6▒mm preview scans. Images were generated before and after the instillation of topical 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. Optic nerve head (ONH) perfusion, ONH flux index, macular perfusion density, macular vessel density, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) measurements were consecutively obtained for each session. Differences between the pre-and post-dilation measurements were evaluated in POAG patients and controls.

Results:
POAG eyes showed a statistically significant decrease in the FAZ area from a mean of 0.29▒mm2to 0.25▒mm2(P=0.037) and FAZ perimeter from a mean of 2.27▒mm to 2.09▒mm (P=0.045) in the OCTA 6×6▒mm scan area after tropicamide/phenylephrine instillation. Pre-and post-dilation measurements of ONH perfusion and ONH flux index were significantly lower in the glaucoma group compared to controls (P<0.05, for all).

Conclusion:
Topical pupillary dilation with 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine results in a statistically significant reduction in the FAZ area and FAZ perimeter in POAG eyes. Further OCTA studies are needed for the diagnostic value of vascular changes due to pupil dilation in glaucoma.
Examining the effects of chronic pain on work performance in the military
Authors: Ransom Jeffrey C. , Brosz-Hardin Sally , Calero Patricia , DeFord Nicole , Burkard Joseph F. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Effectively managing pain is a unique challenge for the U.S. military. Chronic pain has a tremendous detrimental impact on mission readiness throughout the Armed Forces. Examining the effects of chronic pain on readiness is critical to understanding and addressing these challenges.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of chronic pain and sleep disruption in the context of work performance among active duty military service members.

Methodological Orientation:
The study design was a cross-sectional observational study that examined associations between patients with chronic pain and sleep disruption, in the context of work performance.

Results:
One hundred forty-five participants completed the study. Age, depression, sleep, and pain severity were consistently strong predictors of work performance.

Conclusions:
Patients performed better with age, whereas those with depression, sleep disruption, and increased pain severity performed poorly.

Implications for Practice:
Research focused on the differences in work performance among age groups may provide a better understanding of coping strategies. Focused depression research can lead to a greater understanding of how mental health affects pain, sleep, and work. The findings of this study open the door to explore multiple approaches that could lead to treatments and preventions for military members living with chronic pain.
Influence of family history of hypertension on blood pressure and heart rate variability in young adults: a meta-analysis
Authors: Queiroz Marilene Gonçalves , Prado Alexandre Garcia Konig , Alves-Santos Érica Tânise , Araújo Jaqueline Alves , Damazo Amilcar Sabino , Cambri Lucieli Teresa 
Published: April 2022

Purpouse
This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of family history of hypertension (FHH+) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young adults.

Methods
Observational studies that evaluated adults (aged between 18 and 40 years) of both sexes, are without cardiometabolic disease diagnosis, are published in English, and are reporting on the influence of FHH+ (father, mother, or both) on BP and HRV were included. In June 2021, we made a search of the electronic database MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed). Random-effects models were used, and data are reported as standardized mean difference and 95% confidence limits.

Results
Thirty-eight studies with a total of 2025 individuals were included. Clinic systolic [3.13 mmHg (1.75–4.51)] and diastolic [2.85 mmHg (1.65–4.04)] BPs were higher (P < 0.001) in individuals with an FHH+. Only 24-h systolic BP was higher [1.76 mmHg (0.05–3.47); P = 0.04] in individuals with an FHH+. As for HRV indices in time-domain, RMSSD: −7.00 ms (−10.75 to −3.26), SDNN: −13.93 ms (−23.56 to −4.30), and HF [−6.82 n. u. (−9.76 to −3.89)] were lower (P < 0.05), and LF [4.78 ms (2.52–7.03)] and LF/HF ratio [0.32 (0.14–0.50)] were higher (P < 0.001) in individuals with an FHH+.

Conclusion
FHH+ negatively impacts BP and HRV in young adults.
Role of 68Ga and 18F PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI in biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer: a systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: Mazrani Waseem , Cook Gary J.R. , Bomanji Jamshed 
Published: April 2022

Objective
To systematically review the prospective literature on the role of 68Ga and 18F PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI as a tool for functional imaging in prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (BCR), particularly with respect to detection efficacy and impact on management.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed in July 2021, focusing on original prospective studies looking at PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI in BCR.

Results
We included 20 prospective studies reporting on 68Ga and 18F PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI. Pooled PSMA PET positivity was 66.6% out of 2110 patients. The only factor consistently reported as associated with PSMA PET positivity was PSA level at the time of the study. Analysis of PSMA PET positivity rates in differing PSA ranges confirmed increasing positivity with increasing PSA levels. No significant adverse reactions were reported in the 20 studies, but only 6 studies mentioned safety or adverse reactions. A major change of management occurred in 42.7% of all patients scanned with PSMA PET/CT and more specifically 63.2% of those patients positive on PSMA PET/CT. There are no long-term studies that prove a survival benefit from these changes in management.

Conclusion
There is prospective evidence for efficacy of PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI in localizing disease recurrence in BCR, which increases with increasing PSA level at the time of scanning. There are no reported significant adverse effects related to the PSMA PET ligands. There is evidence of major change in management but no evidence for whether this achieves any improvement in outcome.
Distinct Cognitive Function Profiles Are Associated With a Higher Presurgery Symptom Burden in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Allemann-Su Yu-Yin , Vetter Marcus , Koechlin Helen , Conley Yvette , Paul Steven M. , Cooper Bruce A. , Kober Kord M. , Levine Jon D. , Miaskowski Christine , Katapodi Maria C. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common symptom in patients with breast cancer. In our previous study of 397 women with breast cancer, we identified 3 groups of patients with distinct CRCI profiles (ie, high, moderate, and low-moderate attentional function). Compared with the other 2 classes, the low-moderate class was younger, had more comorbidities, and with lower functional status.

Objectives
In this study, we expand on this work and evaluate for differences among these latent classes in the severity of psychological (depression and anxiety) and physical (fatigue, decrements in energy, sleep disturbance, and pain) symptoms before surgery.

Methods
Cancer-related cognitive impairment was assessed using the Attentional Functional Index from before through 6 months after surgery. Lower Attentional Functional Index scores indicate higher levels of CRCI. Psychological and physical symptoms were assessed with valid instruments. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate for differences in symptom severity scores among the latent classes.

Results
Approximately 60% of patients experienced CRCI (ie, moderate and low-moderate classes). Significant differences were found among the 3 classes in the severity of trait and state anxiety, depressive symptoms, fatigue, and sleep disturbance (ie, high < moderate < low-moderate). In addition, compared with the other 2 classes, the low-moderate class reported higher pain interference scores.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that women with clinically meaningful levels of persistent CRCI have a relatively high symptom burden before surgery.

Implications for Practice
Clinicians need to routinely perform preoperative assessments of CRCI and associated symptoms and initiate therapeutic interventions.