bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Fisher information measurement and verification of the quantum Cramér–Rao bound in a solid-state qubit
Authors: Yu Min , Liu Yu , Yang Pengcheng , Gong Musang , Cao Qingyun , Zhang Shaoliang , Liu Haibin , Heyl Markus , Ozawa Tomoki , Goldman Nathan , Cai Jianming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe quantum Cramér–Rao bound sets a fundamental limit on the accuracy of unbiased parameter estimation in quantum systems, relating the uncertainty in determining a parameter to the inverse of the quantum Fisher information. We experimentally demonstrate near saturation of the quantum Cramér–Rao bound in the phase estimation of a solid-state spin system, provided by a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. This is achieved by comparing the experimental uncertainty in phase estimation with an independent measurement of the related quantum Fisher information. The latter is independently extracted from coherent dynamical responses of the system under weak parametric modulations, without performing any quantum-state tomography. While optimal parameter estimation has already been observed for quantum devices involving a limited number of degrees of freedom, our method offers a versatile and powerful experimental tool to explore the Cramér–Rao bound and the quantum Fisher information in systems of higher complexity, as relevant for quantum technologies.
Reconfigurable continuously-coupled 3D photonic circuit for Boson Sampling experiments
Authors: Hoch Francesco , Piacentini Simone , Giordani Taira , Tian Zhen-Nan , Iuliano Mariagrazia , Esposito Chiara , Camillini Anita , Carvacho Gonzalo , Ceccarelli Francesco , Spagnolo Nicolò , Crespi Andrea , Sciarrino Fabio , Osellame Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBoson Sampling is a computational paradigm representing one of the most viable and pursued approaches to demonstrate the regime of quantum advantage. Recent results have shown significant technological leaps in single-photon generation and detection, leading to progressively larger instances of Boson Sampling experiments in different photonic systems. However, a crucial requirement for a fully-fledged platform solving this problem is the capability of implementing large-scale interferometers, that must simultaneously exhibit low losses, high degree of reconfigurability and the realization of arbitrary transformations. In this work, we move a step forward in this direction by demonstrating the adoption of a compact and reconfigurable 3D-integrated platform for photonic Boson Sampling. We perform 3- and 4-photon experiments by using such platform, showing the possibility of programming the circuit to implement a large number of unitary transformations. These results show that such compact and highly-reconfigurable layout can be scaled up to experiments with larger number of photons and modes, and can provide a viable direction for hybrid computing with photonic processors.
Intrinsic epigenetic control of angiogenesis in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelium regulates vascular regeneration
Authors: Macklin Bria L. , Lin Ying-Yu , Emmerich Kevin , Wisniewski Emily , Polster Brian M. , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Mumm Jeff S. , Gerecht Sharon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iECs) provide opportunities to study vascular development and regeneration, develop cardiovascular therapeutics, and engineer model systems for drug screening. The differentiation and characterization of iECs are well established; however, the mechanisms governing their angiogenic phenotype remain unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the angiogenic phenotype of iECs and the regulatory mechanism controlling their regenerative capacity. In a comparative study with HUVECs, we show that iECs increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mediates their highly angiogenic phenotype via regulation of glycolysis enzymes, filopodia formation, VEGF mediated migration, and robust sprouting. We find that the elevated expression of VEGFR2 is epigenetically regulated via intrinsic acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 by histone acetyltransferase P300. Utilizing a zebrafish xenograft model, we demonstrate that the ability of iECs to promote the regeneration of the amputated fin can be modulated by P300 activity. These findings demonstrate how the innate epigenetic status of iECs regulates their phenotype with implications for their therapeutic potential.
Assembly-defective Tembusu virus ectopically expressing capsid protein is an approach for live-attenuated flavivirus vaccine development
Authors: He Yu , Guo Jiaqi , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Senzhao , Mao Li , Hu Tao , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Zhu Dekang , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Mao Sai , Ou Xumin , Gao Qun , Sun Di , Cheng Anchun , Chen Shun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLive-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) represent a promising approach for flavivirus vaccine development. In the present study, we demonstrated a method for generating flavivirus LAVs based on breaking spatially and temporally regulated C-prM cleavage to disturb the viral assembly process, using an avian flavivirus (Tembusu virus) as the model. Using reverse genetics technology, we successfully generated two recombinant viruses (CQW1-IRES-mC and CQW1-MINI-mC) with bicistronic genomic RNA in which native capsid genes were deleted and instead expressed in the 3’UTR under the control of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) or minimum IRES. Both viruses showed a significantly attenuated phenotype in vitro due to impaired viral assembly, and the engineered mutations were genetically stable in vitro within ten passages. Importantly, their virulence was also highly attenuated in ducklings and suckling mice and did not cause any overt clinical symptoms or mortality. In addition, a single dose of immunization with any of these mutant viruses could completely protect ducklings from a lethal challenge, and no viremia was detected after immunization and challenge, even though the viruses induced a relatively moderate immune response in terms of the T-lymphocytes proliferative response and the level of neutralization antibodies compared with that obtained with the wild-type virus. Besides, a recombinant virus ectopically expressing the prM-E protein was also generated in the present study, but this virus was too attenuated with severely decreased proliferation. Our results indicated that the use of a recombinant flavivirus that ectopically expresses structural proteins could be an effective and universal method for flavivirus LAVs development.
Allorecognition genes drive reproductive isolation in Podospora anserina
Authors: Ament-Velásquez S. Lorena , Vogan Aaron A. , Granger-Farbos Alexandra , Bastiaans Eric , Martinossi-Allibert Ivain , Saupe Sven J. , de Groot Suzette , Lascoux Martin , Debets Alfons J. M. , Clavé Corinne , Johannesson Hanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAllorecognition, the capacity to discriminate self from conspecific non-self, is a ubiquitous organismal feature typically governed by genes evolving under balancing selection. Here, we show that in the fungus Podospora anserina, allorecognition loci controlling vegetative incompatibility (het genes), define two reproductively isolated groups through pleiotropic effects on sexual compatibility. These two groups emerge from the antagonistic interactions of the unlinked loci het-r (encoding a NOD-like receptor) and het-v (encoding a methyltransferase and an MLKL/HeLo domain protein). Using a combination of genetic and ecological data, supported by simulations, we provide a concrete and molecularly defined example whereby the origin and coexistence of reproductively isolated groups in sympatry is driven by pleiotropic genes under balancing selection.
Light-induced activation of boron doping in hydrogenated amorphous silicon for over 25% efficiency silicon solar cells
Authors: Liu Wenzhu , Shi Jianhua , Zhang Liping , Han Anjun , Huang Shenglei , Li Xiaodong , Peng Jun , Yang Yuhao , Gao Yajun , Yu Jian , Jiang Kai , Yang Xinbo , Li Zhenfei , Zhao Wenjie , Du Junlin , Song Xin , Yin Jun , Wang Jie , Yu Youlin , Shi Qiang , Ma Zhixin , Zhang Haichuan , Ling Jiajia , Xu Lujia , Kang Jingxuan , Xu Fuzong , Liu Jiang , Liu Hanyuan , Xie Yi , Meng Fanying , De Wolf Stefaan , Laquai Frédéric , Di Zengfeng , Liu Zhengxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent achievements in amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells and perovskite/SHJ tandem solar cells place hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) at the forefront of photovoltaics. Due to the extremely low effective doping efficiency of trivalent boron in amorphous tetravalent silicon, light harvesting of aforementioned devices is limited by their fill factors (FFs), a direct metric of the charge carrier transport. It is challenging but crucial to develop highly conductive doped a-Si:H with minimal FF losses. Here we report that light soaking can efficiently boost the dark conductance of boron-doped a-Si:H thin films. Light induces diffusion and hopping of weakly bound hydrogen atoms, which activates boron doping. The effect is reversible and the dark conductivity decreases over time when the solar cell is no longer illuminated. By implementing this effect to SHJ solar cells, we achieved a certified total-area power conversion efficiency of 25.18% with a FF of 85.42% on a 244.63 cm2 wafer.
Mobile phone data reveal the effects of violence on internal displacement in Afghanistan
Authors: Tai Xiao Hui , Mehra Shikhar , Blumenstock Joshua E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNearly 50 million people globally have been internally displaced due to conflict, persecution and human rights violations. However, the study of internally displaced persons—and the design of policies to assist them—is complicated by the fact that these people are often underrepresented in surveys and official statistics. We develop an approach to measure the impact of violence on internal displacement using anonymized high-frequency mobile phone data. We use this approach to quantify the short- and long-term impacts of violence on internal displacement in Afghanistan, a country that has experienced decades of conflict. Our results highlight how displacement depends on the nature of violence. High-casualty events, and violence involving the Islamic State, cause the most displacement. Provincial capitals act as magnets for people fleeing violence in outlying areas. Our work illustrates the potential for non-traditional data sources to facilitate research and policymaking in conflict settings.
Habitat Protection Indexes - new monitoring measures for the conservation of coastal and marine habitats
Authors: Kumagai Joy A. , Favoretto Fabio , Pruckner Sara , Rogers Alex D. , Weatherdon Lauren V. , Aburto-Oropeza Octavio , Niamir Aidin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA worldwide call to implement habitat protection aims to halt biodiversity loss. We constructed an open-source, standardized, and reproducible workflow that calculates two indexes to monitor the extent of coastal and marine habitats within protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures. The Local Proportion of Habitats Protected Index (LPHPI) pinpoints the jurisdictions with the greatest opportunity to expand their protected or conserved areas, while the Global Proportion of Habitats Protected Index (GPHPI) showcases which jurisdictions contribute the most area to the protection of these habitats globally. We also evaluated which jurisdictions have the highest opportunity to contribute globally to protecting habitats by meeting a target of 30% coverage. We found that Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) have the greatest potential to do so. Our workflow can also be easily extended to terrestrial and freshwater habitats. These indexes are helpful to monitor aspects of the Sustainable Development Goal 14 and the emerging post-2020 global biodiversity framework, to understand the current status of international cooperation on coastal and marine habitats conservation.
Global 1 km × 1 km gridded revised real gross domestic product and electricity consumption during 1992–2019 based on calibrated nighttime light data
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Gao Ming , Cheng Shulei , Hou Wenxuan , Song Malin , Liu Xin , Liu Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs fundamental data, gross domestic product (GDP) and electricity consumption can be used to effectively evaluate economic status and living standards of residents. Some scholars have estimated gridded GDP and electricity consumption. However, such gridded data have shortcomings, including overestimating real GDP growth, ignoring the heterogeneity of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the grid, and limited time-span. Simultaneously, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) and National Polar-orbiting Partnership’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (NPP/VIIRS) nighttime light data, adopted in these studies as a proxy tool, still facing shortcomings, such as imperfect matching results, discontinuity in temporal and spatial changes. In this study, we employed a series of methods, such as a particle swarm optimization-back propagation (PSO-BP) algorithm, to unify the scales of DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS images and obtain continuous 1 km × 1 km gridded nighttime light data during 1992–2019. Subsequently, from a revised real growth perspective, we employed a top-down method to calculate global 1 km × 1 km gridded revised real GDP and electricity consumption during 1992–2019 based on our calibrated nighttime light data.
Reduced helping intentions are better explained by the attribution of antisocial emotions than by ‘infrahumanization’
Authors: Enock Florence E. , Over Harriet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe challenge the explanatory value of one of the most prominent psychological models of dehumanization—infrahumanization theory—which holds that outgroup members are subtly dehumanized by being denied human emotions. Of central importance to this theory is the claim that, to the extent that other people are ‘infrahumanized’, they are less likely to be helped. We examine this hypothesised relationship across four pre-registered and well powered studies. We do not find that attributing all uniquely human emotions to others is positively associated with helping intentions towards them. Instead, we find that attributing prosocial emotions is positively associated with helping intentions and attributing antisocial emotions is negatively associated with helping intentions, regardless of emotion humanness. In our data, what previously appeared to be an association between subtle dehumanization and reduced helping is better explained by the tendency to avoid helping others when we view them negatively.
Machine learning-based optimization of pre-symptomatic COVID-19 detection through smartwatch
Authors: Cho Hyeong Rae , Kim Jin Hyun , Yoon Hye Rin , Han Yong Seop , Kang Tae Seen , Choi Hyunju , Lee Seunghwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatients with weak or no symptoms accelerate the spread of COVID-19 through various mutations and require more aggressive and active means of validating the COVID-19 infection. More than 30% of patients are reported as asymptomatic infection after the delta mutation spread in Korea. It means that there is a need for a means to more actively and accurately validate the infection of the epidemic via pre-symptomatic detection, besides confirming the infection via the symptoms. Mishara et al. (Nat Biomed Eng 4, 1208–1220, 2020) reported that physiological data collected from smartwatches could be an indicator to suspect COVID-19 infection. It shows that it is possible to identify an abnormal state suspected of COVID-19 by applying an anomaly detection method for the smartwatch’s physiological data and identifying the subject’s abnormal state to be observed. This paper proposes to apply the One Class-Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM) for pre-symptomatic COVID-19 detection. We show that OC-SVM can provide better performance than the Mahalanobis distance-based method used by Mishara et al. (Nat Biomed Eng 4, 1208–1220, 2020) in three aspects: earlier (23.5–40% earlier) and more detection (13.2–19.1% relative better) and fewer false positives. As a result, we could conclude that OC-SVM using Resting Heart Rate (RHR) with 350 and 300 moving average size is the most recommended technique for COVID-19 pre-symptomatic detection based on physiological data from the smartwatch.
Meteorological and climatic variables predict the phenology of Ixodes ricinus nymph activity in France, accounting for habitat heterogeneity
Authors: Wongnak Phrutsamon , Bord Séverine , Jacquot Maude , Agoulon Albert , Beugnet Frédéric , Bournez Laure , Cèbe Nicolas , Chevalier Adélie , Cosson Jean-François , Dambrine Naïma , Hoch Thierry , Huard Frédéric , Korboulewsky Nathalie , Lebert Isabelle , Madouasse Aurélien , Mårell Anders , Moutailler Sara , Plantard Olivier , Pollet Thomas , Poux Valérie , René-Martellet Magalie , Vayssier-Taussat Muriel , Verheyden Hélène , Vourc’h Gwenaël , Chalvet-Monfray Karine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIxodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are the most important vector for Lyme borreliosis in Europe. As climate change might affect their distributions and activities, this study aimed to determine the effects of environmental factors, i.e., meteorological, bioclimatic, and habitat characteristics on host-seeking (questing) activity of I. ricinus nymphs, an important stage in disease transmissions, across diverse climatic types in France over 8 years. Questing activity was observed using a repeated removal sampling with a cloth-dragging technique in 11 sampling sites from 7 tick observatories from 2014 to 2021 at approximately 1-month intervals, involving 631 sampling campaigns. Three phenological patterns were observed, potentially following a climatic gradient. The mixed-effects negative binomial regression revealed that observed nymph counts were driven by different interval-average meteorological variables, including 1-month moving average temperature, previous 3-to-6-month moving average temperature, and 6-month moving average minimum relative humidity. The interaction effects indicated that the phenology in colder climates peaked differently from that of warmer climates. Also, land cover characteristics that support the highest baseline abundance were moderate forest fragmentation with transition borders with agricultural areas. Finally, our model could potentially be used to predict seasonal human-tick exposure risks in France that could contribute to mitigating Lyme borreliosis risk.
Role of CD68 in tumor immunity and prognosis prediction in pan-cancer
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Li Shuwang , Liu Fangkun , Yang Kui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCD68 plays a critical role in promoting phagocytosis; however, the function of CD68 in tumor immunity and prognosis remains unknown. We analyzed CD68 expression among 33 tumor and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression datasets. The relationship between CD68 expression and cancer prognosis, immune infiltration, checkpoint markers, and drug response was explored. Upregulated CD68 levels were observed in various cancer types, which were verified through tumor tissue chips using immunohistochemistry. High levels of CD68 in tumor samples correlated with an adverse prognosis in glioblastoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, lower-grade glioma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and thymoma and a favorable prognosis in kidney chromophobe. The top three negatively enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes terms in the high CD68 subgroup were chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecule cams. The top negatively enriched HALLMARK terms included complement, allograft rejection, and inflammatory response. A series of targeted drugs and small-molecule drugs with promising therapeutic effects were predicted. The clinical prognosis and immune infiltration of high expression levels of CD68 differ across tumor types. Inhibiting CD68-dependent signaling could be a promising therapeutic strategy for immunotherapy in many tumor types.
Influence of insole material density in the stability of patients with prosthetic unilateral transtibial amputation
Authors: Sarroca Nuria , Luesma María José , Valero José , del Caso María Pilar , Alonso Cristina , Calleja Jorge , Lorenzo Tania , Bayod Javier , Lahoz Manuel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople with lower limb amputation present greater displacements of their centre of gravity in a static situation than able-bodied individuals, as they depend on visual information to a greater extent, which implies an altered stability pattern. The efficacy of different hardness of plantar support to help maintain stability has not yet been determined. The aim of the present study is to assess stability in people with unilateral transtibial amputation with prosthesis in a static situation with insoles of different degrees of hardness and visual conditions with respect to the able-bodied population. For this purpose, 25 patients with amputation and 25 able-bodied individuals were included in both groups, postural stability was assessed by stabilometry. This assessment was carried out under normal conditions (on the floor of the dynamometric platform with eyes open), and under altered conditions (with the interposition of different materials such as plantar support: rigid and soft insoles and, eyes shut). Three variables were considered to assess stability: length of movement of the barycenter (mm), lateral velocity (mm/sg) and anterior velocity (mm/sg). All of them were analysed with the patient in static on the dynamometric platform. The results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups, (amputees and controls) with less stability in the amputee group (p < 0.05) when analysing the variables of length of movement of the barycenter, lateral velocity and anterior velocity. Amputee patients with open eyes exhibited greater stability than those with closed eyes. The hard insoles improved the stability data in amputees (length of movement of the barycenter and anterior velocity) with respect to the barefoot condition, and the soft insoles showed less stability than the patients with hard insoles, or than the barefoot patients. From the results obtained in this study, we can conclude that the PP-DWST 4 mm rigid insoles improve static stability in people with amputation. However, soft insoles impair stability and are therefore discouraged.
Active thermo-reflectometry for absolute temperature measurement by infrared thermography on specular materials
Authors: Lafargue-Tallet Thomas , Vaucelle Romain , Caliot Cyril , Aouali Abderezak , Abisset-Chavanne Emmanuelle , Sommier Alain , Peiffer Raymond , Pradere Christophe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKnowledge of material emissivity maps and their true temperatures is of great interest for contactless process monitoring and control with infrared cameras when strong heat transfer and temperature change are involved. This approach is always followed by emissivity or reflections issues. In this work, we describe the development of a contactless infrared imaging technique based on the pyro-reflectometry approach and a specular model of the material reflection in order to overcome emissivities and reflections problems. This approach enables in situ and real-time identification of emissivity fields and autocalibration of the radiative intensity leaving the sample by using a black body equivalent ratio. This is done to obtain the absolute temperature field of any specular material using the infrared wavelength. The presented set up works for both camera and pyrometer regardless of the spectral range. The proposed method is evaluated at room temperature with several heterogeneous samples covering a large range of emissivity values. From these emissivity fields, raw and heterogeneous measured radiative fluxes are transformed into complete absolute temperature fields.