bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of the conversion between circularly polarized photons and spin by introducing chiral orbit in organic complexes
Authors: Hu Renjie , Qin Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpin tunability by circularly polarized photons occurs in an unconnected method, providing more spaces to design memory devices. Here, by involving an artificially fabricated organic chiral structure, we let circularly polarized photons interact with the electron spins of organic materials. The spiral potential field of the chiral structure can endow electrons with additional orbital angular momentum to realize coupling between circularly polarized photons and electron spins. Switching the incident light from linearly to circularly polarized light, while keeping the intensity constant, results in the magnetic field-decreased photoluminescence changing to magnetic field-enhanced photoluminescence. Because the interaction between right-handed circularly polarized photons and chiral lattices is stronger in the fabricated chiral complexes, tuning photoluminescence by a magnetic field is more pronounced under the stimulus of right-handed circularly polarized light. In addition, applying an external bias and changing the temperature of organic chiral complexes are tested to further study the conversion between circularly polarized photons and spins. It is expected that this study could help us to further understand the coupling between spins and circularly polarized photons in organic chiral materials.
Highly selective synthesis of all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes by deoxygenative alkenylation of carboxylic acids
Authors: Li Yantao , Shao Qianzhen , He Hengchi , Zhu Chengjian , Xue Xiao-Song , Xie Jin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of all-carbon tetrasubstituted olefins under mild reaction conditions is challenging because of the inevitable issues including significant steric hindrance and the uncontrolled Z/E stereoselectivity. In this paper, we report the synthesis of all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes from readily available carboxylic acids and alkenyl triflates with the synergistic catalysis of cyclo-octa-1,5-diene(tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone)nickel and visible light under an air atmosphere, thus avoiding the need for a glovebox or a Schlenk line. A wide range of aromatic carboxylic acids and cyclic and acyclic alkenyl triflates undergo the C-C coupling process smoothly, forming structurally diverse alkenes stereospecifically in moderate to good yields. The practicality of the method is further illustrated by the late-stage modification of complex molecules, the one pot synthesis and gram-scale applications. This is an important step towards the valuable utilization of carboxylic acids, and it also simplifies the experimental operation of metallophotoredox catalysis with moisture sensitive nickel(0) catalysis.
Femtometer-amplitude imaging of coherent super high frequency vibrations in micromechanical resonators
Authors: Shao Lei , Gokhale Vikrant J. , Peng Bo , Song Penghui , Cheng Jingjie , Kuo Justin , Lal Amit , Zhang Wen-Ming , Gorman Jason J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDynamic measurement of femtometer-displacement vibrations in mechanical resonators at microwave frequencies is critical for a number of emerging high-impact technologies including 5G wireless communications and quantum state generation, storage, and transfer. However, the resolution of continuous-wave laser interferometry, the method most commonly used for imaging vibration wavefields, has been limited to vibration amplitudes just below a picometer at several gigahertz. This is insufficient for these technologies since vibration amplitudes precipitously decrease for increasing frequency. Here we present a stroboscopic optical sampling approach for the transduction of coherent super high frequency vibrations. Phase-sensitive absolute displacement detection with a noise floor of 55 fm/√Hz for frequencies up to 12 GHz is demonstrated, achieving higher bandwidth and significantly lower noise floor simultaneously compared to previous work. An acoustic microresonator with resonances above 10 GHz and displacements smaller than 70 fm is measured using the presented method to reveal complex mode superposition, dispersion, and anisotropic propagation.
Catastrophic slab loss in southwestern Pangea preserved in the mantle and igneous record
Authors: Gianni Guido M. , Navarrete César R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Choiyoi Magmatic Province represents a major episode of silicic magmatism in southwestern Pangea in the mid-Permian-Triassic, the origin of which remains intensely debated. Here, we integrate plate-kinematic reconstructions and the lower mantle slab record beneath southwestern Pangea that provide clues on late Paleozoic-Mesozoic subducting slab configurations. Also, we compile geochronological information and analyze geochemical data using tectono-magmatic discrimination diagrams. We demonstrate that this magmatic event resulted from a large-scale slab loss. This is supported by a paleogeographic coincidence between a reconstructed 2,800-3,000-km-wide slab gap and the Choiyoi Magmatic Province and geochemical data indicating a slab break-off fingerprint in the latter. The slab break-off event is compatible with Permian paleogeographic modifications in southwestern Pangea. These findings render the Choiyoi Magmatic Province the oldest example of a geophysically constrained slab loss event and open new avenues to assess the geodynamic setting of silicic large igneous provinces back to the late Paleozoic.
Bacterial filamentation as a mechanism for cell-to-cell spread within an animal host
Authors: Tran Tuan D. , Ali Munira Aman , Lee Davin , Félix Marie-Anne , Luallen Robert J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntracellular pathogens are challenged with limited space and resources while replicating in a single host cell. Mechanisms for direct invasion of neighboring host cells have been discovered in cell culture, but we lack an understanding of how bacteria directly spread between host cells in vivo. Here, we describe the discovery of intracellular bacteria that use filamentation for spreading between the intestinal epithelial cells of a natural host, the rhabditid nematode Oscheius tipulae. The bacteria, which belong to the new species Bordetella atropi, can infect the nematodes following a fecal-oral route, and reduce host life span and fecundity. Filamentation requires UDP-glucose biosynthesis and sensing, a highly conserved pathway that is used by other bacteria to detect rich conditions and inhibit cell division. Our results indicate that B. atropi uses a pathway that normally regulates bacterial cell size to trigger filamentation inside host cells, thus facilitating cell-to-cell dissemination.
A neomorphic variant in SP7 alters sequence specificity and causes a high-turnover bone disorder
Authors: Lui Julian C. , Raimann Adalbert , Hojo Hironori , Dong Lijin , Roschger Paul , Kikani Bijal , Wintergerst Uwe , Fratzl-Zelman Nadja , Jee Youn Hee , Haeusler Gabriele , Baron Jeffrey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSP7/Osterix is a transcription factor critical for osteoblast maturation and bone formation. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SP7 cause osteogenesis imperfecta type XII, but neomorphic (gain-of-new-function) mutations of SP7 have not been reported in humans. Here we describe a de novo dominant neomorphic missense variant (c.926 C > G:p.S309W) in SP7 in a patient with craniosynostosis, cranial hyperostosis, and long bone fragility. Histomorphometry shows increased osteoblasts but decreased bone mineralization. Mice with the corresponding variant also show a complex skeletal phenotype distinct from that of Sp7-null mice. The mutation alters the binding specificity of SP7 from AT-rich motifs to a GC-consensus sequence (typical of other SP family members) and produces an aberrant gene expression profile, including increased expression of Col1a1 and endogenous Sp7, but decreased expression of genes involved in matrix mineralization. Our study identifies a pathogenic mechanism in which a mutation in a transcription factor shifts DNA binding specificity and provides important in vivo evidence that the affinity of SP7 for AT-rich motifs, unique among SP proteins, is critical for normal osteoblast differentiation.
Leveraging deep phenotyping from health check-up cohort with 10,000 Korean individuals for phenome-wide association study of 136 traits
Authors: Choe Eun Kyung , Shivakumar Manu , Verma Anurag , Verma Shefali Setia , Choi Seung Ho , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Dokyoon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe expanding use of the phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) faces challenges in the context of using International Classification of Diseases billing codes for phenotype definition, imbalanced study population ethnicity, and constrained application of the results in research. We performed a PheWAS utilizing 136 deep phenotypes corroborated by comprehensive health check-ups in a Korean population, along with trans-ethnic comparisons through using the UK Biobank and Biobank Japan Project. Meta-analysis with Korean and Japanese population was done. The PheWAS associated 65 phenotypes with 14,101 significant variants (P < 4.92 × 10–10). Network analysis, visualization of cross-phenotype mapping, and causal inference mapping with Mendelian randomization were conducted. Among phenotype pairs from the genotype-driven cross-phenotype associations, we evaluated penetrance in correlation analysis using a clinical database. We focused on the application of PheWAS in order to make it robust and to aid the derivation of biological meaning post-PheWAS. This comprehensive analysis of PheWAS results based on a health check-up database will provide researchers and clinicians with a panoramic overview of the networks among multiple phenotypes and genetic variants, laying groundwork for the practical application of precision medicine.
Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy
Authors: Shamsutdinov Girfan , Zhao Peng , Bhattiprolu Sreenivas , Zhao Ji-Cheng , Nadgorny Boris 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTransition metal alloys are essential for magnetic recording, memory, and new materials-by-design applications. Saturation magnetization in these alloys have previously been measured by conventional techniques, for a limited number of samples with discrete compositions, a laborious and time-consuming effort. Here, we propose a method to construct complete saturation magnetization diagrams for Co–Fe–Ni alloys using scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM). A composition gradient was created by the diffusion multiple technique, generating a full combinatorial materials library with an identical thermal history. The composition and crystallographic phases of the alloys were identified by integrated energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. “Pixel-by-pixel” perpendicular components of the magnetic field were converted into maps of saturation magnetization using the inversion matrix technique. The saturation magnetization dependence for the binary alloys was consistent with the Slater-Pauling behavior. By using a significantly denser data point distribution than previously available, the maximum of the Slater-Pauling curve for the Co–Fe alloys was identified at ~ 32 at% of Co. By mapping the entire ternary diagram of Co–Fe–Ni alloys recorded in a single experiment, we have demonstrated that SHPM—in concert with the combinatorial approach—is a powerful high-throughput characterization tool, providing an effective metrology platform to advance the search for new magnetic materials.
A problem of proportions: estimates of metabolic associated fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis in Australian adults in the nationwide 2012 AusDiab Study
Authors: Farrell Ann M. , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Thompson Alexander J. , Croagh Catherine , Ryan Marno C. , Howell Jessica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in Australia, but prevalence data are limited. We aimed to describe the frequency of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, and MAFLD within a large prospective Australian cohort. Cross-sectional analysis of the 2012 survey of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study which included 4747 Australian adults (aged 34–97 yrs) was performed. Frequency of ALT elevation (men ≥ 40 IU/L, women ≥ 30 IU/L) and MAFLD (Fatty Liver Index (FLI) > 60 alongside metabolic risk factors) was determined and risk of advanced fibrosis stratified using the BARD score. Elevated ALT was found in 13% of the cohort, including 22% of people with diabetes, 18% with obesity, and 17% with the metabolic syndrome. 37% of the cohort had MAFLD, and those with MAFLD were more likely to be older (OR 1.01 per 1 year (95% CI 1.00–1.02)), male (OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.17–1.59)), have ALT elevation (OR 3.21 (95% CI 2.59–3.99)), diabetes (OR 3.39 (95% CI 2.61–4.39)), lower HDL-C (OR 0.15 per 1 mmol/L (95% CI 0.12–0.19)), higher diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.05 per 10 mmHg (95% CI 1.05–1.06)), a sedentary lifestyle (OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.59–2.50)) and less likely to have tertiary education (OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.7–0.94) compared to those without MAFLD. Of those with MAFLD, 61% had a BARD score suggesting risk of advanced fibrosis and 22% had an elevated ALT. Over 10% of this Australian cohort had elevated ALT, and 37% had MAFLD, with many at risk for advanced fibrosis.
Temporal motifs in patent opposition and collaboration networks
Authors: Liu Penghang , Masuda Naoki , Kito Tomomi , Sarıyüce Ahmet Erdem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatents are intellectual properties that reflect innovative activities of companies and organizations. The literature is rich with the studies that analyze the citations among the patents and the collaboration relations among companies that own the patents. However, the adversarial relations between the patent owners are not as well investigated. One proxy to model such relations is the patent opposition, which is a legal activity in which a company challenges the validity of a patent. Characterizing the patent oppositions, collaborations, and the interplay between them can help better understand the companies’ business strategies. Temporality matters in this context as the order and frequency of oppositions and collaborations characterize their interplay. In this study, we construct a two-layer temporal network to model the patent oppositions and collaborations among the companies. We utilize temporal motifs to analyze the oppositions and collaborations from structural and temporal perspectives. We first characterize the frequent motifs in patent oppositions and investigate how often the companies of different sizes attack other companies. We show that large companies tend to engage in opposition with multiple companies. Then we analyze the temporal interplay between collaborations and oppositions. We find that two adversarial companies are more likely to collaborate in the future than two collaborating companies oppose each other in the future.
One-way flow over uniformly heated U-shaped bodies driven by thermal edge effects
Authors: Taguchi Satoshi , Tsuji Tetsuro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe thermal edge flow is a gas flow typically induced near a sharp edge (or a tip) of a uniformly heated (or cooled) flat plate. This flow has potential applicability as a nonmechanical pump or flow controller in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). However, it has a shortcoming: the thermal edge flows from each edge cancel out, resulting in no net flow. In this study, to circumvent this difficulty, the use of a U-shaped body is proposed and is examined numerically. More specifically, a rarefied gas flow over an array of U-shaped bodies, periodically arranged in a straight channel, is investigated using the direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) method. The U-shaped bodies are kept at a uniform temperature different from that of the channel wall. Two types of U-shaped bodies are considered, namely, a square-U shape and a round-U shape. It is demonstrated that a steady one-way flow is induced in the channel for both types. The mass flow rate is obtained for a wide range of the Knudsen numbers, i.e., the ratio of the molecular mean free path to the characteristic size of the U-shape body. For the square-U type, the direction of the overall mass flow is in the same direction for the entire range of the Knudsen numbers investigated. For the round-U type, the direction of the total mass flux is reversed when the Knudsen number is moderate or larger. This reversal of the mass flow rate is attributed to a kind of thermal edge flow induced over the curved part of the round-U-shaped body, which overwhelms the thermal edge flow induced near the tip. The force acting on each of the bodies is also investigated.
Refined characterization of circulating tumor DNA through biological feature integration
Authors: Markus Havell , Chandrananda Dineika , Moore Elizabeth , Mouliere Florent , Morris James , Brenton James D. , Smith Christopher G. , Rosenfeld Nitzan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood plasma is present at very low concentrations compared to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of non-tumor origin. To enhance ctDNA detection, recent studies have been focused on understanding the non-random fragmentation pattern of cfDNA. These studies have investigated fragment sizes, genomic position of fragment end points, and fragment end motifs. Although these features have been described and shown to be aberrant in cancer patients, there is a lack of understanding of how the individual and integrated analysis of these features enrich ctDNA fraction and enhance ctDNA detection. Using whole genome sequencing and copy number analysis of plasma samples from 5 high grade serious ovarian cancer patients, we observed that (1) ctDNA is enriched not only in fragments shorter than mono-nucleosomes (~ 167 bp), but also in those shorter than di-nucleosomes (~ 240–330 bp) (28–159% enrichment). (2) fragments that start and end at the border or within the nucleosome core are enriched in ctDNA (5–46% enrichment). (3) certain DNA motifs conserved in regions 10 bp up- and down- stream of fragment ends (i.e. cleavage sites) could be used to detect tumor-derived fragments (10–44% enrichment). We further show that the integrated analysis of these three features resulted in a higher enrichment of ctDNA when compared to using fragment size alone (additional 7–25% enrichment after fragment size selection). We believe these genome wide features, which are independent of genetic mutational changes, could allow new ways to analyze and interpret cfDNA data, as significant aberrations of these features from a healthy state could improve its utility as a diagnostic biomarker.
Genetic studies of fall armyworm indicate a new introduction into Africa and identify limits to its migratory behavior
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney N. , Goergen Georg , Koffi Djima , Agboka Komi , Adjevi Anani Kossi Mawuko , Du Plessis Hannalene , Van den Berg Johnnie , Tepa-Yotto Ghislain T. , Winsou Jeannette K. , Meagher Robert L. , Brévault Thierry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is native to the Americas and a major pest of corn and several other crops of economic importance. The species has characteristics that make it of particular concern as an invasive pest, including broad host range, long-distance migration behavior, and a propensity for field-evolved pesticide resistance. The discovery of fall armyworm in western Africa in 2016 was followed by what was apparently a remarkably rapid spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa by 2018, causing economic damage estimated in the tens of billions USD and threatening the food security of the continent. Understanding the history of the fall armyworm invasion of Africa and the genetic composition of the African populations is critical to assessing the risk posed to different crop types, the development of effective mitigation strategies, and to make Africa less vulnerable to future invasions of migratory moth pests. This paper tested and expanded on previous studies by combining data from 22 sub-Saharan nations during the period from 2016 to 2019. The results support initial descriptions of the fall armyworm invasion, including the near absence of the strain that prefers rice, millet, and pasture grasses, while providing additional evidence that the magnitude and extent of FAW natural migration on the continent is more limited than expected. The results also show that a second entry of fall armyworm likely occurred in western Africa from a source different than that of the original introduction. These findings indicate that western Africa continues to be at high risk of future introductions of FAW, which could complicate mitigation efforts.
A functionalized graphene oxide with improved cytocompatibility for stimuli-responsive co-delivery of curcumin and doxorubicin in cancer treatment
Authors: Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Motlagh Najmeh Sadat Hosseini , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Haghiralsadat Fateme , Jaliani Hossein Zarei , Moradi Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, the usage of nanoparticles in various fields such as drug delivery, attracts the attention of many researchers in the treatment of cancers. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the novel drug delivery systems which is used broadly owing to its unique features. In this survey, doxorubicin (DOX) was accompanied by natural medicine, curcumin (CUR), to diminish its side effects and enhance its efficiency. Cytotoxicity assay in human gastric cancer (AGS), prostate cancer (PC3), and ovarian cancer (A2780), was evaluated. Also, the uptake of DOX and CUR into cells, was assessed using a fluorescence microscope. Moreover, real-time PCR was applied for the evaluation of the expression of RB1 and CDK2 genes, which were involved in the cell cycle. In both separate and simultaneous forms, DOX and CUR were loaded with high efficiency and the release behavior of both drugs was pH-sensitive. The higher release rate was attained at pH 5.5 and 42 °C for DOX (80.23%) and CUR (13.06), respectively. The intensity of fluorescence in the free form of the drugs, was higher than the loaded form. In the same concentration, the free form of CUR and DOX were more toxic than the loaded form in all cell lines. Also, free drugs showed more impact on the expression of RB1 and CDK2 genes. Co-delivery of CUR and DOX into the mentioned cell lines, was more effective than the free form of CUR and DOX due to its lower toxicity to normal cells.