bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Response To SARS-Cov-2 In Severe And Long COVID-19
Authors: Sumi Tomonari , Harada Kouji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 is mild to moderate in otherwise healthy individuals but may nonetheless cause life-threatening disease and/or a wide range of persistent symptoms. The general determinant of disease severity is age mainly because the immune response declines in aging patients. Here, we developed a mathematical model of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and revealed that typical age-related risk factors such as only a several 10 % decrease in innate immune cell activity and inhibition of type-I interferon signaling by autoantibodies drastically increased the viral load. It was reported that the numbers of certain dendritic cell subsets remained less than half those in healthy donors even seven months after infection. Hence, the inflammatory response was ongoing. Our model predicted the persistent DC reduction and showed that certain patients with severe and even mild symptoms could not effectively eliminate the virus and could potentially develop long COVID.
Underestimated Aetiology Of Tracheobronchomalacia In Adults In China
Authors: Cao Zu , Liang Shuo , Lu Haiwen , Gu Ye , Xu Jinfu , Bai Jiuwu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is an infrequent airway disease, but frequently unrecognized or misdiagnosed with other respiratory diseases, and its etiology remains unclear in China. Methods: Anthropometric information, smoking history, medical history, symptoms, signs, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ten patients were retrospectively analyzed. Etiologies were summarized from previous reports of Western countries. Results: The median onset age of the ten patients was 55 years. Patients presented productive cough, chest distress, and inspiratory wheezing. Etiologies of TBM included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tracheobronchial tuberculosis, relapsing polychondritis, and chronic bronchitis, the first two of which were dominated, accounting for 40%. Obstructive ventilation disturbance was found in the lung function test, and the flow-volume curve displayed main airway obstruction. Seven patients were worried about the side-effect of stenting, so they refused stenting. During follow-up (3-120 months), all patients survived. Conclusions: In China, main etiologies of TBM may be COPD and tracheobronchial tuberculosis, which are different from those of Western countries and seriously underestimated.
Effect of bilateral paravertebral nerve block on cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Shang Yanhong , Qi Fuwei , Zheng Zhong , Yang Guangyu , Fei Fan , Guo Qiang , Zhu Kangle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of bilateral paravertebral nerve block on cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer(GC). Methods One sixty elderly patients, which were 40 males and 20 females, aged 65-80 years old, undergoing radical GC surgery under general anesthesia in The First People’s Hospital of Taicang from January 2019 to December 2021 were included and randomly divided into control group (group C) and paravertebral nerve block group (group PVB).Group PVB received ultrasound-guided bilateral paravertebral nerve blocks in T8 with 0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml, and group C did not receive special treatment. Patients in both groups received total intravenous anesthesia. propofol and remifentanil dosages and intraoperative information were recorded. Results There were no statistically significant differences in general information and basic intraoperative conditions between the two groups (P > 0.05). The awareness time in group PVB was shorter than that in the C group, and the propofol and remifentanil dosage was less than that in the C group (P < 0.05). At T1 and T2, the MMSE score in group PVB was higher than that in group C, and the NSE concentration was lower than that in the C group(P < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative application of ultrasound-guided bilateral paravertebral nerve blocks can reduce intraoperative propofol and remifentanil dosage, postoperative awareness time, and have a protective effect on postoperative cognitive function in elderly GC surgery patients.
Posterior Tibial Slope and Medial Tibial Depth Measured by MRI in Patients with Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yin Baoshan , Zhao Pei , Chen Jiaxing , Yan Wenlong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jian , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives To 1) figure out the difference in tibial morphologies between patients with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury and those without, 2) identify any tibial anatomical variations contributing to PCL rupture.Design Retrospective case-control study, level of evidence III.Methods 45 patients with PCL rupture from 2015 to 2020 in our hospital, and 45 patients matched by age and sex with intact PCL were enrolled in our study. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of each parameter. The independent t-test was conducted to identify the differences in tibial morphometric characteristics between the PCL-injured and PCL-intact individuals, including the posterior tibial slope (PTS), meniscal slope (MS), medial tibial depth (MTD). A binary logistic regression model was established to evaluate the roles of those anatomic parameters of interest play in PCL injuries. Results The interobserver reliability of each parameter showed excellent agreement. Significant differences in the medial (P= .023) and lateral (P= .009) PTS were found between the PCL-injured group (3.68 ± 2.70 and 4.55 ± 3.19, respectively) and the controls (5.00 ± 2.73 and 6.39 ± 3.29, respectively). And the MTD was 1.98 ± 0.64 mm in the PCL-injured group and 2.37 ± 0.55 mm in the control group (P=0.007). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smaller lateral PTS and MTD were directly associated with PCL injury, with an OR of 1.17 and OR of 3.14, respectively. The medial PTS was independent to PCL injures.Conclusion In patients with PCL injury, lateral PTS, medial PTS, and MTD were found smaller compared to PCL intact controls. Decreased lateral PTS and MTD were underlying anatomic risk factors for PCL injury, with each unit reduction, the risks of PCL injury were 1.2 and 3.1-fold higher, respectively.
Revealing the Charge Density Wave Proximity Effect in Graphene on 1T-TaS2
Authors:   Altvater Michael A. Altvater1, Hung Sheng-Hsiung , tilak nikhil , li Guohong , won Choong-Jae , Cheong Sang-Wook , Chung Chung-Hou , Jeng Horng-Tay , Andrei Eva 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The proximity-effect, a phenomenon whereby materials in contact appropriate each other’s electronic-properties, is widely used in nano-scale devices to induce electron-correlations at heterostructure interfaces. Commonly observed proximity-induced correlation effects include superconductivity, magnetism, and spin-orbit interactions. Thus far however proximity-induced charge density wave (CDW) correlated states have remained elusive. This is primarily because they are obscured by screening in 3D metals and by defect scattering at interfaces. Here we report the first observation of a proximity-induced CDW, made possible by employing 2D-materials with pristine and atomically smooth surfaces. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) together with theoretical modeling to probe the interface between graphene and a 1T-TaS2 crystal, we show that interactions induce a CDW within graphene and modify the band structure of 1T-TaS2. We further show that the mechanism underlying the proximity-induced CDW is driven by short-range exchange interactions that are distinctly different from previously observed proximity-effects.
Willingness to join and pay social health insurance and associated factors among public sectors workers in Didu Woreda, South West Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Regassa Zelalem , Negera Ebissa , Silashi Tesfaye , Kaba Zalalem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Social health insurance is a form of healthcare financing mechanism for raising and pooling funds to finance and manage health services to attain universal health coverage. Cost-sharing between beneficiaries and governments is critical to achieving universal health care coverage. To address this, Ethiopia is currently introducing social health insurance.Objective: To assess the willingness and associated factors to join and pay social health insurance among public sectors workers in Didu woreda, southwest Ethiopia,2018Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 15-30, 2018 on 280 public sector workers of Didu Woreda. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used, and data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to compute crude odd ratio with its 95% confidence interval to test the associations between dependent and independent variables and a P-value of 0.05 with a confidence interval of 95% was used to declare the level of statistical significance.Results: 280 public sectors workers participated, with a response rate of 98.2%. About 33.6% of the public servants had never heard of any type of health insurance scheme. However, 47.5% of them were willing to join for the suggested insurance scheme from these about 58% of those who were willing to join are willing to pay 3%of their monthly salary that was proposed. Willingness to join was significantly associated with the age of respondents, marital status, job description, how much paid, the satisfaction of the respondents, and previous history of borrowing money for the medical service fees.Conclusion: willingness to join and pay in this study was found to be 47.5% and 58% respectively. Therefore, adequate awareness creation and discussion should be made with all employees.
Genome report of three novel bacteriophages targeting different multidrug resistant clinical isolates (Escherichia, Klebsiella and Salmonella) from Enterobacteriaceae family
Authors: Nepal Roshan , Houtak Ghais , Karki Sumeena , Dhungana Gunaraj , Vreugde Sarah , Malla Rajani 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Application of bacteriophages (phages) to treat complex multidrug resistant bacterial infection is gaining traction because of its efficacy and universal availability. However, as phages are specific to their host, a diverse collection of locally isolated phage from various geographical locations is required to formulate a wide host range phage cocktail. Here, we report morphological and genomic features of three newly isolated phages from river water of the urban region in Kathmandu, Nepal, targeting three different bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella spp. ) from the Enterobacteriaceae family. Morphological identification and genome analysis indicated that two phages (Escherichia phage vB_EcoM_TU01 and Klebsiella phage vB_KpnP_TU02) were strictly lytic and free from integrases, virulence factors, toxins and known antimicrobial resistance genes whereas Salmonella phage vB_SalS_TU03 was possibly a temperate phage. The genomic features of these phages indicate that natural phages are capable of lysing pathogenic bacteria and have potential to be used therapeutically.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Utilizing Facility Delivery in Bangladesh: A Decomposition Analysis Using Nationwide 2017- 2018 Demographic and Health Survey Data
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Kundu Satyajit , Rashid Harun Or , Shanto Hasibul Hasan , Khan Bayezid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh, socioeconomic inequality in access to maternity care remains a substantial public health concern. As there is a paucity of research, we sought to determine the factors affecting the facility delivery, quantify wealth-related inequality, and find potential components that explain the inequality.
Methods
The current study made use of the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2017-18) data. We used logistic regression to examine the associated factors of facility delivery. To examine the inequality in-facility delivery, the concentration curves (CC), concentration index (CIX) and decomposition of CIX techniques were used.
Results
Women living in the urban area, age at first birth after (18–24 years ≥ 25 years), being Overweight/Obese, having secondary and higher-level education of the women and their husband, seeking four or more ANC, from more affluent households and women with high enlightenment were significant determinants of facility delivery. The concentration curve was below the line of equality, and the relative concentration index (RCIX) was 0.205 (p < 0.001), indicating that facility delivery was disproportionately more prevalent among women from rich groups. The decomposition analysis reveals that wealth status of women (57.40%), age at first birth (10.24%), husband’s education (8.96%), husband’s occupation (7.35%), education of women (7.13%), women’s enlightenment (6.15%), residence (8.64%) and ANC visit (6.84%) are mainly contributed to the inequality in utilizing facility delivery.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that there is a certain disparity in the use of facility delivery among women in Bangladesh; hence, immediate action is required to reduce the inequality, with a special emphasis on the contributing factors.
Ethical considerations around volunteer payments in a malaria Human Infection Study in Kenya: An embedded empirical ethics study
Authors: Chi Primus Che , Owino Esther Awuor , Jao Irene , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa , Marsh Vicki , Kamuya Dorcas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human Infection Studies (HIS) have emerged as an important research approach with the potential to fast track the global development of vaccines and treatments for infectious diseases, including in low resource settings. Given the high level of burdens involved in many HIS, particularly prolonged residency and biological sampling requirements, it can be challenging to identify levels of study payments that provide adequate compensation but avoid ‘undue’ levels of inducement to participate. Through this embedded ethics study, involving 97 healthy volunteers and other research stakeholders in a malaria HIS programme in Kenya, and using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations during and after a malaria HIS, we give a grounded account of ethical issues emerging in relation to study payments in this setting. While careful community, national, international scientific and ethics review processes meant that risks of serious harm were highly unlikely, the levels of motivation to join HIS seen could raise concerns about study payments being too high. Particular value was placed on the reliability, rather than level, of study payment in this setting, where subsistence livelihoods are common. Ethical concerns emerged in relation to volunteers’ attempts to conceal symptoms, hoping to prolong residency periods and increase study payments; and volunteers making decisions that compromised important family relationships and personal values. In our analysis, we show that such ethical concerns can be addressed through practical measures, hinged on reducing burdens and strengthening communication, raising important issues for research policy and planning.
Genomic analyses identify key molecules and biological processes in cancer-derived-extracellular vehicles treated muscles
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Jing , Gu Hanming , Zhang Mason 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cancer cells can produce extracellular vehicles (EVs) to the tumor microenvironment to further promote cell-cell communication and drive cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the mechanism and signaling of EVs affected tissues such as muscles are still unknown. In this study, our aim is to identify the significant molecules and signaling by analyzing the RNA-seq data. The GSE156909 was created by the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (Mus musculus). The KEGG and GO analyses indicate that focal adhesion and Salmonella infection are the main signaling pathways in the processes of EVs infected muscles. Moreover, we discovered ten key molecules including FN1, JUN, ACTG1, MAPK3, CCND1, COL1A1, CCNB1, CAV1, MMP2, and TLR4. Thus, this study may further guide the clinical work on the treatment of cancer by targeting EVs and the microenvironment.
Use of Clinical Indicators in Municipal Hospitals in Japan: An Analysis Based on a Nationwide Questionnaire Survey Concerning Medical Information Management
Authors: Moteki Yasutoshi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We conducted a mail-in questionnaire survey of public hospitals across Japan to analyze the issues and challenges faced by medical institutions managed by local municipalities, concerning personal data protection. Public hospitals were chosen because they are more likely to have implemented the regional medical care plan. Questionnaires were sent to all municipal hospitals (887 hospitals—with 20 or more beds—that are members of the Japan Municipal Hospital Association). This study summarizes and analyzes the unpublished portion of the 2016 survey conducted by Hashimoto and Moteki (2018). The analysis of the results focuses on the characteristics of the municipal hospitals surveyed by the size of hospitals and the use of clinical indicators. We found differences between large and small/medium hospitals in the use of clinical indicators. Several small and medium-sized hospitals use a common consent form for the use of personal information, whereas larger hospitals use individual consent forms for different departments (26.4%). The most used indicator was the average length of hospitalization and the rate of hospital bed utilization (80.4%). The “clinical path coverage rate” and “number of ambulances received and refusals (rate)” were more than 40%. There is a clear distinction in the clinical indicators that are measured.
Pairwise Q∗O - Compact Spaces in Bitopological Spaces
Authors: Padma P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Murugalingam and Lalitha [18, 19] introduced the concepts of Q∗-closed sets in a topological space. The same concept was extended to bitopological spaces by K. Kannan and K. Chandrasekhara Rao [16]. In this paper we introduced a new type of compact spaces called pairwise Q∗O - compact spaces and study its properties .
Education could be a protective factor against gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Gui , Xie Junyang , Liang Tianhao , Liao Wenjing , Song Lijuan , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient education has been shown to be beneficial for a variety of diseases. Similarly, observational studies have shown that education contributes to the prevention and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD). However, this relationship is not supported by strong evidence.
Methods
We used publicly available genetic summary data from two large consortia, the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, with data from 1,271 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely associated with educational attainment (EA), and the UK Biobank, including 41 024 patients with GORD and 410 073 control cases. For Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we used the inverse-variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier test to retrieve summary data. Analyses were performed using the ‘Two Sample MR’ package in R.
Results
Our results showed that the potential causal relationship between education and lower risk of GORD was statistically significant (OR 0.979, 95% CI 0.975–0.984, P = 0.002). Similar results were obtained using the methods of weighted median and weighted mode. The sensitivity analysis is consistent with the causal explanation. Longer education tended to be associated with lower body mass index, lower risk of hypertension, lower risk of type 2 diabetes, less cigarettes per day and more alcoholic intake per week.
Conclusions
Our analysis shows that education may have a negative causal effect on GORD, which can be a protective factor for the prevention of GORD.
Clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Fuchino Takafumi , Wada Yasuhiro , Kodama Masaaki , Mukaisho Ken-ichi , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Kushima Ryoji , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia (PACM) has been rarely reported in the gastric mucosa. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the clinical and pathological characteristics of PACM associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).Method6655 patients who underwent two- or five-point gastric biopsy according to the updated Sydney system (USS) by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. The patients were categorized into current H. pylori infection (CHI), post-H. pylori eradication (PHE), and non-H. pylori infection (NHI) groups according to the H. pylori infection status, and the frequency and location of PACM were compared. Additionally, a case-control study was performed to compare the USS scores between patients with CHI and PACM and those with CHI but not PACM. ResultThe frequencies of PACM were 0.49% (10/2039), 0.75% (25/3332), and 0% (0/559) in the CHI, PHE, and NHI groups, respectively. PACM was found in the greater curvature of the antrum in 33 of the 35 patients with PACM. Among the patients with CHI, the inflammation scores in the greater curvature of the antrum and the greater curvature of the corpus were lower in patients with PACM than in those without PACM. ConclusionAlthough rarely reported in the gastric mucosa, PACM was closely related to H. pylori infection, especially in the antrum, and was associated with relatively mild inflammation.