bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviour change communication for child feeding in social assistance: A scoping review and expert consultation
Authors: Barnett Inka , Meeker Jessica , Roelen Keetie , Nisbett Nick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo increase the effectiveness of social assistance on child nutrition, programmes are increasingly combined with behaviour change communication for improved infant and young child feeding (BCC for IYCF). Unfortunately, there is limited knowledge about which BCC strategies are most effective when combined with social assistance. A systematic scoping review and an expert consultation was conducted to (1) describe the landscape of BCC for IYCF strategies used in social assistance within low‐ and middle‐income countries and (2) to examine the effects of these BCC strategies on IYCF practices and child nutrition. Ten quantitative, three qualitative and four mixed methods studies were reviewed and complemented by 12 expert consultations carried out between August and October 2020. In most of the studies attendance in BCC for IYCF was conditional for receiving social assistance, although experts agreed that this conditionality may be counterproductive. A variety of BCC strategies were used with two being most common—group sessions with pre‐determined topics and individual counselling. Context‐specific adaptation, interactive delivery and building on existing IYCF knowledge emerged as crucial but was perceived as economically infeasible in social assistance programmes. Given the variety of BCC strategies and inconsistency in outcomes, it is impossible to draw conclusions regarding effectiveness. Nevertheless, tentative evidence suggests that the promotion of existing nutrition services, educational group sessions and individual counselling may be effective in improving IYCF. BCC for IYCF can make social assistance more beneficial, but may increase costs, demands on beneficiaries, and deviate from the original focus of the programmes.
A night pavement crack detection method based on image‐to‐image translation
Authors: Liu Chao , Xu Boqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeep learning provides an efficient automated method for pavement condition surveys, but the datasets used for this model are usually images taken in good lighting conditions. If images are taken at night, this model cannot work effectively. This paper proposes a method for normalizing pavement images at night, which includes three main steps. First, the image feature point detection and matching method is used to process images taken during the day and night. Then, paired images of pavement during the day and night are obtained. Second, with the help of the image‐to‐image translation model, those paired images are used for training, and the best model for converting night images into day images is selected. Third, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on VGGNet is constructed, and pavement images taken during the day are used for training. After that, six types of images are used and tested separately, namely, those taken during the day and the night, converted by the proposed method and converted by traditional methods. As evaluated by various evaluation indices and visualization methods, the detection performance of the CNN model can be significantly improved by using the proposed method of converted night‐to‐day images.
Bulked Segregant Analysis‐Sequencing identification of candidate genes for salt tolerance at the seedling stage of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Zhang Kuangye , Zhang Zhipeng , Lu Feng , Wang Yanqiu , Ke Fulai , Zhu Zhengxing , Duan Youhou , Wang Jiaxu , Wu Han , Zhang Fei , Zhu Kai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSorghum has high salt tolerance, and the localization and discovery of salt tolerance regulatory genes in sorghum is an effective way to develop and utilize saline soils. The aim of this study was to locate sorghum salt tolerance genes using a F2 segregating population combined with bulked segregation analysis (BSA) sequencing technology to explore the salt tolerance potential of sorghum. The results showed that the effective data percentage of all four samples (salt‐tolerant parent, salt‐tolerant offspring pool, salt‐sensitive parent and salt‐sensitive offspring pool) was above 99.90%. By comparing sequencing results of each of the two offspring pools with the reference genome, we found 903,025 SNP variants and 438,453 InDel variants between the two offspring pools. A total of 163 polymorphic loci were found in the genome‐wide screening of SNP‐index values close to 0.75 for the salt‐tolerant offspring pool and 0.25 for the non‐salt‐tolerant offspring pool. A total of 20 candidate genes were screened according to ANNOVAR annotation results. The Sobic.001G283700 gene encoding glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) was found to be closely associated with salt stress tolerance.
Does political ideology affect the stringency of environmental policy?
Authors: Tawiah Vincent 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe political‐ideological assumption postulates that different political parties have different preferences toward the urgency of environmental sustainability. This article examines the relationship between political ideology and environmental policy stringency. I employ robust econometric specification on 23 OECD countries over 23 years. Results show a significant relationship between political ideology and environmental policy stringency. However, contrary to expectation, I find that environmental policies are less stringent in leftist governments. The findings suggest that leftist governments have not successfully incorporated their perceived environmentalism ideology into stringent environmental policies due to their lesser preference for law and order. I also find that the electoral politics view theory does not hold in the relationship between political ideology and environmental policy stringency. The findings, which are robust to various econometric identifications and alternative measurement of variables, add new insights on partisan politics and environmental sustainability.Related ArticlesMurray, Gregg R., and Matthew K. Mulvaney. 2012. “Parenting Styles, Socialization, and the Transmission of Political Ideology and Partisanship.” Politics & Policy 40(6): 1106–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00395.xWinburn, Jonathan, and Amanda Winburn. 2020. “The Role of Political Ideology in Public Opinion toward Enumerated Antibullying Policies in Public Schools.” Politics & Policy 48(3): 442–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12355Zang, Xiaowei. 2021. “Environmental Accidents and Environmental Legislation in China: Evidence from Provincial Panel Data (1997–2014).” Politics & Policy 50(1): 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12446
Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster: Policy conflict and goal ambiguity
Authors: Zarb Stephanie , Taylor Kristin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs climate change continues to increase both the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards and disasters, the need for a cohesive national mitigation policy grows. As the environmental federalism scholarship indicates, the inherent tension in federal, state, and local policy implementation highlights that despite a national need, environmental quality is a local public good. To complicate matters, there is disagreement about the optimal level of decision‐making regarding the adoption and implementation of environmental policy. This study addresses this gap by considering the role of policy ambiguity and conflict in policy implementation. The analysis relies on primary qualitative data collected from open‐ended interviews with 22 local government officials in 12 municipalities following Hurricane Harvey. Through the lens of policy ambiguity and conflict, we find confirmatory support for the idea that policies with less ambiguous goals are more likely to be implemented. Furthermore, we find that policy conflict arises when local governments perceive there is little for the community to gain by implementing the federal program. Thus, the level of protection afforded to citizens varies greatly between communities and is influenced heavily by politics. This research supports the Ambiguity‐Conflict Model of policy implementation, an oft‐cited but rarely tested theoretical framework for assessing the intergovernmental politics of policy implementation. It also demonstrates the barriers to local implementation of federal environmental policy in a nested system of government.
Continuous‐time threshold autoregressions with jumps: Properties, estimation, and application to electricity markets
Authors: Lingohr Daniel , Müller Gernot 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContinuous‐time autoregressive processes have been applied successfully in many fields and are particularly advantageous in the modeling of irregularly spaced or high‐frequency time series data. A convenient nonlinear extension of this model are continuous‐time threshold autoregressions (CTAR). CTAR allow for greater flexibility in model parameters and can represent a regime switching behavior. However, so far only Gaussian CTAR processes have been defined, so that this model class could not be used for data with jumps, as frequently observed in financial applications. Hence, as a novelty, we construct CTAR processes with jumps in this paper. Existence of a unique weak solution and weak consistency of an Euler approximation scheme is proven. As a closed form expression of the likelihood is not available, we use kernel‐based particle filtering for estimation. We fit our model to the Physical Electricity Index and show that it describes the data better than other comparable approaches.
Flow‐through versus static in vitro percutaneous penetration at 50 years: Possible relevance for bioequivalence
Authors: Ajjarapu Krishna , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveCompare the relevance of flow‐through versus static diffusion cells data as relates to bioequivalence.MethodsSearch was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords utilized: static cells, flow‐through cells, percutaneous permeation, percutaneous absorption, dermal absorption, and types of permeation.ResultsFifteen articles were identified with no consistent significant differences between flow‐through and static diffusion cells identified; any differences could exist for two main reasons. (1) Sampling time differences and (2) physical chemistry (lipophilic vs hydrophilic) of the penetrant examined.ConclusionEven though there was no consistent significant difference observed, labs have generally adapted to the method they regularly use, which is usually stated in their respective articles. Well‐designed multicentered prospective comparative experiments should clarify potential advantages and disadvantages for each. For flow‐through systems, the flow rate that most approximates to comparable in vivo data for animals and humans may be preferable.
A geospatial workflow for the assessment of public transit system performance using near real‐time data
Authors: Dardas Anastassios , Hall Brent , Salter Jon , Hosseini Hossein 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article presents the development of a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) workflow that harvests high‐volume and high‐frequency near real‐time data from a public General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) and calculates metrics for the assessment of on‐time and route speed performance for a public transit system. The approach is applied to near real‐time and static GTFS data collected over a 9‐month period for the City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The workflow uses two Azure Virtual Machines (VMs), one to harvest the data and the other to process observations in parallel using Python and the ArcGIS API libraries. A Web GIS application is described that queries data from MongoDB to visualize the performance results in spatiotemporal form. The purpose of the workflow and Web GIS application is to provide actionable information to transit planners to improve public transportation systems. The data management and analysis workflow is transferable to similar GTFS data from other cities.
Balancing non‐discriminatory donor selection and blood safety in the Netherlands: Evaluation of an individual risk assessment of sexual behavior
Authors: Hahn Brett , Quee Franke , Prinsze Femmeke J. , Gregoire Yves , O'Brien Sheila F. , Germain Marc , van de Laar Thijs , Zaaijer Hans L. , van den Hurk Katja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo better balance the safety of the blood supply and the inclusion of men who have sex with men (MSM), further improvements are needed to the risk management strategy employed in the Netherlands to reduce transfusion‐transmissible infections (TTIs). A gender‐neutral individual risk assessment could provide a solution by determining donor eligibility based on sexual behaviors known to increase the risk of TTIs. Our objective is to estimate the proportion of blood donors that would be deferred by such an assessment, as well as their discomfort answering such questions.Study design and methodsTwo surveys were distributed in May 2020 to assess sexual behavior in blood donors in the last 4, 6, and 12 months, as well as their discomfort reporting such information. A combination of both surveys measured the extent to which discomfort was associated with reporting sexual behavior. A high‐risk sexual behavior pattern was defined as having had multiple sexual partners and having engaged in anal sex, without consistent condom use.ResultsOf all 2177 participating whole blood donors, 0.8% report engaging in high‐risk sexual behaviors over the last 4 months and would therefore be ineligible to donate. When accounting for the additional proportion of donors that reported such questions would stop them from donating, 2.0% and 3.2% of female and male donors, respectively, would be lost.DiscussionGender‐neutral eligibility criteria based on high‐risk sexual behaviors may reduce the overall number of eligible donors in the Netherlands, but could make blood donation more accessible to a broader group of donors.
Heat Transfer Augmentation With Multiple Jet Impingement Cooling on Dimpled Surface for Gas Turbine Blades
Authors: Nourin Farah Nazifa , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multiple jet impingement cooling plays a significant role in the leading-edge cooling of the gas turbine blade. The heat transfer enhancement with this method depends on stand-off distance, nozzle array arrangement, surface roughness, a dimpled surface, a curved surface, etc. This study has developed a numerical simulation model to investigate heat transfer and flow behavior on a dimpled surface. The comparison was made with the conventionally designed dimple and a newly designed-leaf dimple. Computational fluid dynamics plays a significant role in representing the precise flow and heat transfer behavior. This study analyzed the results based on Nusselt number, Reynolds numbers, pressure drop, friction factor, surface roughness of the target plate, and thermal performance. The hemispherical dimpled target plate shows 5–10% more efficiency than the smooth target plate. The leaf target plate shows 2–6% more efficiency compared to the hemispherical dimpled target plate
An Approach to Modeling Percussive Drilling Systems
Authors: Goldman Samuel , Flashner Henryk , Yang Bingen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA framework for modeling the transient response of percussive drilling systems is presented. The proposed approach is based on the distributed transfer function method (DTFM), which is a semi-analytical modeling technique. Experimental results obtained from a percussion testbed for the Regolith and ice drill for the exploration of new terrains (TRIDENT) were incorporated into this modeling technique. DTFM is shown to be a convenient, modular modeling approach, capable of handling complex boundary conditions and drill rod geometries. Moreover, this technique is computationally simple and allows for straightforward incorporation of experimentally measured boundary forcing via numerical convolution, as well as control of the frequency content in the transient response. An experimental study is used to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to characterize unknown boundary conditions.
Representing and Computing the B-Derivative of the Piecewise-Differentiable Flow of a Class of Nonsmooth Vector Fields
Authors: Council George , Revzen Shai , Burden Samuel A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns first-order approximation of the piecewise-differentiable flow generated by a class of nonsmooth vector fields. Specifically, we represent and compute the Bouligand (or B-)derivative of the piecewise-differentiable flow generated by a vector field with event-selected discontinuities. Our results are remarkably efficient: although there are factorially many “pieces” of the derivative, we provide an algorithm that evaluates its action on a tangent vector using polynomial time and space, and verify the algorithm's correctness by deriving a representation for the B-derivative that requires “only” exponential time and space to construct. We apply our methods in two classes of illustrative examples: piecewise-constant vector fields and mechanical systems subject to unilateral constraints.
Computational Study of a Local Fractional Tricomi Equation Occurring in Fractal Transonic Flow
Authors: Dubey Sarvesh , Dubey Ved Prakash , Singh Jagdev , Alshehri Ahmed M. , Kumar Devendra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present the application of local fractional methods in combination with the local fractional Sumudu transform (LFST) for a local fractional Tricomi equation (LFTE). The numerical simulations for obtained results are presented for the local fractional Tricomi equation with different initial conditions on the Cantor set. The computational approach shows that the implemented methods are very impressive to derive solutions for a local fractional Tricomi equation. Moreover, the solutions obtained by using these schemes are in quite good agreement with already computed solutions in the literature.
Design and Development of an Open-Source Adl-Compliant Prosthetic Arm for Trans-Radial Amputees
Authors: Timm Lara , Etuket Maureen , Sivarasu Sudesh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Presently, open source prosthesis are not optimized to assist the dominant hand in performing bimanual ADL. This research study was thus geared towards the design and experimental validation of an open-source below-elbow prosthetic arm, called the ADL arm, that is functionally optimized for the performance of ADL in the unilateral TR amputee population.
The ADL arm is 3D printed; the design validation involved functional assessment - using the AHAP and simulated use assessment with healthy volunteer participants after obtaining Ethics approval. In accordance with AHAP; the ADL arm presented with an overall GAS of 68% and a partial GAS of &gt;75 % for 4/5 ADL grasps. Usability Assessment involved the performance of ADL tasks coupled with the completion of the SUS. The perceived usability of the device was found to increase with increased device familiarity, yielding an overall score of 84.29.
Through the tests conducted, the ADL arm was found to be functionally competent, relatively acceptable with proven ability to assist in the performance of ADLs in a simulated-use environment. A number of design modifications and clinical tests are however recommended to overcome the limitations of the current design and corroborate the results obtained in this study.
Utilization of Computational Modeling and 3D Printing for Pre-Procedural Planning of an LVAD Exchange Surgery
Authors: DeVos Amanda , Ramirez David A , Gonzalez Celia , Shaffer Andrew , Iaizzo Paul A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Computational models and three-dimensional prints were developed to aid in the pre-procedural planning of a LVAD exchange surgery. Clinical imaging was used to model and segment the anatomy and implanted device for computational implantation and 3D printing. The physicians visualized the pre-procedural anatomy in a 3D space to better understand the device-tissue-interface of the current implant and assess the optimal location for surgical entry. The models also contributed to the education of the surgical team by providing hands-on tools to understand the planned steps involved in the procedure.
Exploratory analyses in aetiologic research and considerations for assessment of credibility: mini-review of literature
Authors: Luijken Kim , Dekkers Olaf M , Rosendaal Frits R , Groenwold Rolf H H 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo provide considerations for reporting and interpretation that can improve assessment of the credibility of exploratory analyses in aetiologic research.DesignMini-review of the literature and account of exploratory research principles.SettingThis study focuses on a particular type of causal research, namely aetiologic studies, which investigate the causal effect of one or multiple risk factors on a particular health outcome or disease. The mini review included aetiologic research articles published in four epidemiology journals in the first issue of 2021:American Journal of Epidemiology,Epidemiology,European Journal of Epidemiology, andInternational Journal of Epidemiology, specifically focusing on observational studies of causal risk factors of diseases.Main outcome measuresNumber of exposure-outcome associations reported, grouped by type of analysis (main, sensitivity, and additional).ResultsThe journal articles reported many exposure-outcome associations: a mean number of 33 (range 1-120) exposure-outcome associations for the primary analysis, 30 (0-336) for sensitivity analyses, and 163 (0-1467) for additional analyses. Six considerations were discussed that are important in assessing the credibility of exploratory analyses: research problem, protocol, statistical criteria, interpretation of findings, completeness of reporting, and effect of exploratory findings on future causal research.ConclusionsBased on this mini-review, exploratory analyses in aetiologic research were not always reported properly. Six considerations for reporting of exploratory analyses in aetiologic research were provided to stimulate a discussion about their preferred handling and reporting. Researchers should take responsibility for the results of exploratory analyses by clearly reporting their exploratory nature and specifying which findings should be investigated in future research and how.