bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher blood pressure versus normotension targets to prevent acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Tran Phu Nguyen Trong , Kusirisin Prit , Kaewdoungtien Piyanut , Phannajit Jeerath , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Renal hypoperfusion is one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), especially in shock and perioperative patients. An optimal blood pressure (BP) target to prevent AKI remains undetermined. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized clinical trial (RCT) results to address this knowledge gap.

Methods
From inception to May 13, 2022, we searched Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, clinicaltrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP for RCTs comparing higher BP target versus normotension in hemodynamically unstable patients (shock, post-cardiac arrest, or surgery patients). The outcomes of interest were post-intervention AKI rate and renal replacement therapy (RRT) rate. Two investigators independently screened the citations and reviewed the full texts for eligible studies according to a predefined form.

Results
Twelve trials were included, enrolling a total of 5759 participants, with shock, non-cardiac, and cardiac surgery patients accounting for 3282 (57.0%), 1687 (29.3%) and 790 (13.7%) patients, respectively. Compared to lower mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) targets that served as normotension, targeting higher MAP had no significant effect on AKI rates in shock (RR [95% CI] = 1.10 [0.93, 1.29]), in cardiac-surgery (RR [95% CI] = 0.87 [0.73, 1.03]) and non-cardiac surgery patients (RR [95% CI] = 1.25 [0.98, 1.60]) using random-effects meta-analyses. In shock patients with premorbid hypertension, however, targeting MAP above 70 mmHg resulted in significantly lower RRT risks, RR [95%CI] = 1.20 [1.03, 1.41], p < 0.05.

Conclusions
Targeting a higher MAP in shock or perioperative patients may not be superior to normotension, except in shock patients with premorbid hypertension. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of a high MAP target to preventing AKI in hypertensive patients across common settings of hemodynamic instability.
Trial registration This systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021286203) on November 19, 2021, prior to data extraction and analysis.
First data on bacteria associated with bat ectoparasites collected in Kharkiv oblast, Northeastern Ukraine
Authors: Vlaschenko Anton , Răileanu Cristian , Tauchmann Oliver , Muzyka Denys , Bohodist Valeria , Filatov Serhii , Rodenko Olena , Tovstukha Ihor , Silaghi Cornelia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) serve as natural reservoirs for many zoonotic pathogens worldwide, including vector-borne pathogens. However, bat-associated parasitic arthropods and their microbiota are thus far not thoroughly described in many regions across the globe, nor is their role in the spillover of pathogens to other vertebrate species well understood. Basic epidemiological research is needed to disentangle the complex ecological interactions among bats, their specific ectoparasites and microorganisms they harbor. Some countries, such as Ukraine, are particularly data-deficient in this respect as the ectoparasitic fauna is poorly documented there and has never been screened for the presence of medically important microorganisms. Therefore, the aims of this study were to provide first data on this topic.

Methods
A total of 239 arthropod specimens were collected from bats. They belonged to several major groups of external parasites, including soft ticks, fleas, and nycteribiid flies from six chiropteran species in Northeastern Ukraine. The ectoparasites were individually screened for the presence of DNA of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., and Babesia spp. with conventional PCRs. Positive samples were amplified at several loci, sequenced for species identification, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Rickettsia DNA was detected exclusively in specimens of the soft tick, Carios vespertilionis (7 out of 43 or 16.3%). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity to sequences from Rickettsia parkeri and several other Rickettsia species. Bacteria from the family Anaplasmataceae were detected in all groups of the ectoparasites (51%, 122/239 samples), belonging to the genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Wolbachia. The detection of Bartonella spp. was successful only in fleas (Nycteridopsylla eusarca) and bat flies (Nycteribia koleantii, N. pedicularia), representing 12.1% (29/239) of the collected ectoparasites. No DNA of Babesia or Borrelia species was identified in the samples.

Conclusions
We report for the first time in Ukraine the molecular detection of several bacterial agents in bat ectoparasites collected from six species of bats. The data presented extend the knowledge on the distribution of ectoparasite species in bats and their involvement in potentially circulating agents pathogenic for humans and vertebrate animals.

Graphical Abstract
The capacity of young national medicine regulatory authorities to ensure the quality of medicines: case of Rwanda
Authors: Shabani Jean Baptiste B. , Kayitare Egide , Nyirimigabo Eric , Habyalimana Vedaste , Murindahabi Marilyn M. , Ntirenganya Lazare , Irasabwa Clarisse , Rutungwa Eugene , Munyangaju Jose Edouard , Hahirwa Innocent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Access to quality medicines is a global initiative to ensure universal health coverage. However, the limited capacity of National Medicines Regulatory Authorities (NMRAs) to prevent and detect the supply of poor-quality medicines led to the predominance of sub-standard and falsified (SF) medicines in the supply chains of many countries. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the capacity of a young NMRA to ensure the quality of medicines with Rwanda as a case study.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the capacity of the Rwanda FDA, a young NMRA, to identify gaps and existing opportunities for improving regulatory capacity and ensuring the quality of medicines.

Methods
This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from employees of Rwanda FDA who are involved in medicine regulatory practices based on their positions while the qualitative research approach covered a desk review of key regulatory documents. The data collection tool was developed from the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) for “Evaluation of National Regulatory System of Medical Products Revision VI”.

Results
Of the 251 WHO sub-indicators assessed, 179 sub-indicators (71%) were fully implemented, 17 sub-indicators (7%) were partially implemented, 9 sub-indicators (4%) were ongoing and 46 sub-indicators (18%) were not implemented by the time of the study. The results of the study showed that the estimated maturity level at which Rwanda FDA operates is maturity level 2. The study reported the challenges hindering the implementation of key regulatory functions that need to be addressed. Challenges reported include but are not limited to understaffing, lack of automation system, poor implementation of the quality management system, lack of screening technologies for SF medicines, low capacity of the quality control laboratory to test all sampled medicines and lack of regulatory inspection tools/equipment.

Conclusion
Findings indicated that all key regulatory functions were operating and supported by the legal framework. However, the implementation of key regulatory functions faced challenges that need to be addressed for better organizational effectiveness and compliance with the requirements of a higher maturity level.
Endoscopic surgery versus craniotomy in the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Xiaolin , Lin Xiaoning , Wang Cheng , Zhou Kun , Wei Yigong , Tian Xinhua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) has high morbidity and mortality, with no clear standard of treatment available. Compared with the craniotomy approach, neuroendoscopy is a relatively minimally invasive treatment method, and may be an efficient alternative. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of neuroendoscopy and craniotomy in SICH patients.

Methods
The electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, EmBase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. According to the PRISMA template, we finally selected and analyzed 14 eligible studies that evaluated neuroendoscopy versus craniotomy. Primary outcomes included operation time, intraoperative blood loss volume, evacuation rate, residual hematoma, complications, hospital stay duration, clinical outcomes, and other parameters.

Results
A total of 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 10 retrospective studies (non-RCTs) involving 1652 patients were included in the final analysis. In the neuroendoscopy (NE) group, operation time (p < 0.00001), intraoperative blood loss volume (p < 0.0001), hematoma evacuation rate (p = 0.0002), complications (p < 0.00001), hospitalization days (p = 0.004), and mortality (p < 0.0001) were significantly different from those of the craniotomy (C) group, with a higher rate of good recovery compared with the craniotomy group (P < 0.00001).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that patients with SICH and physicians may benefit more from neuroendoscopic surgery than craniotomy.
Changing the outcomes of newborns with surgical conditions at a tertiary-level hospital in Kenya: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Saula Peter , Kikuvi Gideon , Kombe Yeri , Marete Irene 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, 10% of neonatal mortality in low-/middle-income countries (L/MIC) is directly attributed to surgical conditions, and appropriate referral and transport of newborns to tertiary-level hospitals for surgical care often underlie their survival. This study aimed at evaluating the outcomes of newborns with surgical conditions in a low-resource setting, in the context of a structured standard operating procedure (SOP) for newborn transport.

Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. Ten county hospitals that refer newborns with surgical conditions to the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) were selected and randomized into intervention group (A) and control group (B). A structured standard operating procedure (SOP) for transport of newborns was introduced in the hospitals in group A via an education module. Thereafter, 126 newborns (63 in group A and 63 in group B) were enrolled, upon their admission to the MTRH. All the newborns from both groups of referring hospitals were given standard surgical care upon admission. Data on study variables was collected and analyzed, and the outcomes of the newborns in the two groups were compared to assess the effect of the structured SOP.

Results
The median age at admission was 4.1 days in group A and 4.6 days in group B. The top 4 surgical conditions were gastroschisis, hydrocephalus, Hirschsprung’s disease, and anorectal malformations. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) in all parameters that measured the clinical status of the newborns at admission, in the two groups. Mortality rate was 3.2% in group A and 28.6% in group B (p < .001), and hospital stay was 11 days in group A and 18 days in group B.

Conclusion
Appropriate transport of newborns with surgical conditions significantly improved their outcomes at the MTRH.

Level of evidence
II
Application of a method for the sustainable planning and management of ground source heat pump systems in an urban environment, considering the effects of reciprocal thermal interference
Authors: Belliardi Marco , Soma Linda , Perego Rodolfo , Pera Sebastian , Di Sipio Eloisa , Zarrella Angelo , Carnieletto Laura , Galgaro Antonio , Badenes Borja , Pasquali Riccardo , Bertermann David , Sanner Burkhard 
Published: November 2022

The “Most Easy, Efficient and Low Cost Geothermal Systems for Retrofitting Civil and Historical Buildings” (GEO4CIVHIC) project aims to accelerate the deployment of shallow geothermal systems for heating and cooling purposes when retrofitting existing and historical buildings. Analyzing the implementation process of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs), allows the understanding of how to promote the long-term sustainability of shallow geothermal energy systems. The thermal interference between BHE systems represents a problem, especially due to the increasing deployment of this technology and its spread in densely built-up areas. The main goal of this paper is to propose a conceptual model and to apply this to different case studies. The methodology includes phases to adopt an integrated approach for preventing long term thermal interference in neighbouring borehole heat exchangers, by providing management strategies and technical suggestions for design and operation. The method developed follows the following steps: 1) literature review to determine what are the main drivers for thermal interference between shallow geothermal systems, in the context of the GEO4CIVHIC project case study sites; 2) to create a conceptual model to limit thermal interference at both design and operational phases; 3) to apply the developed method to real and virtual case studies in countries with different regulatory frameworks and to test its main strengths and weaknesses. The application of this conceptual model to specific case studies provides evidence of critical planning and operational characteristics of GSHP systems and allows the identification of measures to mitigate impacts of thermal interference to be identified.
A Critical Analysis and Review of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach for Rural Development
Authors: Lusinga-Machikicho Susan , Mutanana Ngonidzashe 
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this paper was to evaluate and analyse the importance of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) and its application to policies and projects for rural development. Literature focusing on the main components of the SLA was reviewed. The paper noted that the SLA is effective in interrogating the livelihoods of the poor and the various mechanisms contained in the approach such as all forms of capital, the vulnerability aspect, livelihood strategies and outcomes as well as the various laws and regulations governing the access and use of resources. It has been observed by leading scholars such as Chambers and Scoones (1992) as an inclusive and top- down approach. The approach has theoretically proven that it assists in understanding the livelihoods of the poor in rural communities. It is recommended that government and their development partners adopt and incorporate the SLA into their policies for sustainable livelihoods and development.
Political Factors Influencing the Shortage of Human Resources for Health in Samburu County Referral Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Omambia Salim M. , Nganga Nipher Khisah 
Published: November 2022

Objective: The principal reason for carrying out the project was to determine the political factors that influenced the shortage of human resources for health at Samburu County Referral Hospital in Kenya. Design setting: The investigation deployed a cross-sectional study. Subjects or participants: A sample population of 145 participants was calculated using the Fishers et al method of 1998. Data collection was done using a survey with closed-ended queries. A strict inclusion criterion was followed to select the respondents from all trained health personnel in Samburu County Referral Hospital in Kenya. Data were analyzed using SPSS, presented in figures with various diagrams like charts and tables and interpreted using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that according to the study, there were no programs set aside to ensure that all employees in the hospital were treated fairly. When it came to discharging their jobs especially posting, 72.6% (p-value 0.000 and OR 1.1), agreed that they gave bribes to be posted to their preferred working station. Segregation among the healthcare workers had been reported with 59.4% and 56.8% (p-value 0.00 and OR 1.1), of the healthcare workers agreeing that there was segregation by virtue of their religion, gender and culture. Conclusion: Political factors such as employees using their affiliate influence to get better working stations, preferential treatment and job posting were among the major issues highlighted in the study.
Sulgi X
Authors: Attinger Pascal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe reader will find in the following pages a new edition of Sulgi X, a text famous above all for its first part (ll. 1–73), describing the meeting of Innana and Sulgi. The goddess first speaks of her carnal union with the king and thereupon decrees a favourable fate for him. In the remainder of the hymn, Sulgi pays successive visits to Utu, Ninazu and Nanna. He then settles in the Egalmaḫ of Ninegala/Innana and ensures justice and prosperity.
Explaining Post-Pandemic Lumber Price Volatility and its Welfare Effects
Authors: van Kooten G. Cornelis , Zanello Rebecca , Schmitz Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in the U.S. price of softwood lumber by more than 300%. The price increase has been attributed to constraints on supply and increased demand for lumber caused by a pandemic-induced boom in domestic housing construction and, more so, home improvements. However, the volatility in lumber prices after the COVID-19 outbreak remains unexplained. In this paper, we employ a theoretical model to explain the cause of price volatility. We examine why demand and supply functions for lumber might be quite inelastic over the period from March 2020 to April 2022, despite very small shifts in demand. This implies that slight movements in interest rates or changes in the prices of substitutes, for example, can lead to large jumps in prices. Price volatility harms consumers while greatly benefitting lumber producers. Overall, as a result of the pandemic, U.S. producers gained some $5.3 billion, while U.S. consumers lost $7.3 billion per quarter.
The Reception of the Bible in Geonic Literature
Authors: Visotzky Burton L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article surveys the reception of the Bible in rabbinic literature during the period from the close of the Talmud until the rise of Rashi and the medieval commentators who followed him – from approximately 650 to 1050 CE. It considers works of midrash and mysticism, as well as works of individual Geonim. The article charts the eclipse of biblical authority in the period, and its reemergence in Europe at the end of the Geonic era.
Chinese Film in the 1930s: Potential Energy and “Left-Wing” Influence
Authors: Yu Ji 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The history of Chinese films in the 1920s and the 1930s refers to two periods that are at once continuous yet distinctive. Created and formed in the “Concept—Aesthetic” system of “Benevolence—Legend-Influenced Image Narration” of 1920s native film, Chinese film underwent an evolution from the literary film of the Domestic Film Movement to genre film in the tide of commercial films. Then upon entering the 1930s it faced double upheavals: within from the film industry and without, from the socio-historical context. This made Chinese films in the 1930s more complex than before. From the perspective of historical dynamics, potential energy and strong left-wing influence hidden within Chinese film itself were the main causes of this complex historical phenomenon.
Kantian Freedom as “Purposiveness”
Authors: Wright Ava Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Arthur Ripstein’s conception of Kantian freedom has exerted an enormous recent influence on scholars of Kant’s political philosophy; however, the conception seems to me flawed. In this paper, I argue that Ripstein’s conception of Kantian freedom as “your capacity to choose the ends you will use your means to pursue” – your “purposiveness” – is both too narrow and too broad: (1) Wrongful acts such as coercive threats cannot choose my ends for me; instead, such acts wrongfully restrict my perceived options. And (2) rightful changes to the context in which I choose that render my means insufficient for my ends restrict my capacity to choose them. Alternatively, my purposiveness reduces to my entitlements; but then freedom as purposiveness is viciously circular or fails as a new approach to the “devastating” objection that motivates it.
Microbial Communities in the Lungs of Bats in China
Authors: Zhao Na , Ren Hongyu , Jiang Yan , Li Yinan , Lian Xingxing , Qin Tian 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
Bats are the hosts of multiple pathogens, but the microbial composition of their lung tissues remains unknown. Our study investigated the species compositions and genera of important respiratory tract pathogenic bacteria in bat lung tissue.

Methods:
A microbiota study was conducted in Hebei, Henan and Guizhou provinces in China. Lung tissues were collected from 104 healthy bats. The lung tissue was subjected to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing.

Results:
We obtained 7,708,734 high-quality bacterial sequences from 104 healthy bats. Overall, the annotations indicated 55 phyla, 73 classes, 164 orders, 322 families and 953 genera. The lung microbiota was highly polymorphic and variable among bats from Hebei, Henan and Guizhou. The genetic characteristics of the main recognized respiratory pathogens in the samples were analyzed.

Conclusions:
The findings indicate that the lungs of bats carry numerous bacteria with pathogenic importance. Pathogens disseminate through the respiratory tract in bats and are widely distributed among bats. Because bats prefer to inhabit areas placing them in close contact with humans, such as eaves and old buildings, further investigations are warranted to identify bat microbiota and their potential effects on humans.
Attentional biases and daily game craving dynamics: An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Zhou Yucheng , Zhou Yanling , Zhou Jifan , Shen Mowei , Zhang Meng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsTheories posit that the combination of external (e.g. cue exposure) and internal (e.g. attention biases) factors contributes to the development of game craving. Nevertheless, whether different components of attentional biases (namely, engagement bias and disengagement bias) play separate roles on game craving has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to examine the associations between two facets of attentional biases and game craving dynamics under a daily life setting.MethodsParticipants (110 regular internet game players) accomplished the modified attentional assessment task in the laboratory, after which they entered a 10-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect data on their momentary game craving and occurrence of game-related events at five different time points per day.ResultsWe found that occurrence of game-related events was significantly associated with increased game craving. Moreover, attentional disengagement bias, instead of engagement bias, bore on the occasional level variations of game craving as moderating variables. Specifically, attentional disengagement bias, not engagement bias, was associated with a greater increase in game craving immediately after encountering a game-related event; however, neither attentional engagement bias nor disengagement bias was associated with the craving maintenance after a relatively long period.Discussion and conclusionsThe present study highlights the specific attentional processes involved in game craving dynamics, which could be crucial for designing interventions for attentional bias modification (ABM) in Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) populations.