bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometry-informed irreversible perturbations for accelerated convergence of Langevin dynamics
Authors: Zhang Benjamin J. , Marzouk Youssef M. , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe introduce a novel geometry-informed irreversible perturbation that accelerates convergence of the Langevin algorithm for Bayesian computation. It is well documented that there exist perturbations to the Langevin dynamics that preserve its invariant measure while accelerating its convergence. Irreversible perturbations and reversible perturbations (such as Riemannian manifold Langevin dynamics (RMLD)) have separately been shown to improve the performance of Langevin samplers. We consider these two perturbations simultaneously by presenting a novel form of irreversible perturbation for RMLD that is informed by the underlying geometry. Through numerical examples, we show that this new irreversible perturbation can improve estimation performance over irreversible perturbations that do not take the geometry into account. Moreover we demonstrate that irreversible perturbations generally can be implemented in conjunction with the stochastic gradient version of the Langevin algorithm. Lastly, while continuous-time irreversible perturbations cannot impair the performance of a Langevin estimator, the situation can sometimes be more complicated when discretization is considered. To this end, we describe a discrete-time example in which irreversibility increases both the bias and variance of the resulting estimator.
Post-treatment Outcomes and Changes in Health Literacy of People Discharged from Specialist Substance Use Disorder Treatment Services
Authors: Degan Tayla J. , Robinson Laura D. , Deane Frank P. , Baker Amanda L. , Kelly Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHealth literacy comprises an individual’s ability to adequately access, understand and utilise health information, enabling effective navigation of the healthcare system. Low health literacy is a problem for people living with substance use disorders (SUDs). This study aims to examine whether health literacy changes for people discharged from specialist SUD treatment services. Two hundred thirty-one people recruited from residential SUD treatment services across New South Wales, Australia, completed a questionnaire upon entry into the service and again at 6 months post-treatment. Treatment outcomes were also measured. Three health literacy profiles were identified: lowest (n = 52, 22.5%), moderate (n = 111, 48.1%) and highest health literacy (n = 68, 29.4%). Lowest and moderate profiles showed improved health literacy at 6 months. However, the lowest profile still had significantly lower health literacy, quality of life and higher levels of psychological distress compared with participants in the highest profile at 6 months. People within the lowest health literacy profile improved, although they continued to experience lower health literacy and some poorer treatment outcomes. Health literacy interventions tailored for people within lowest health literacy profiles should be implemented and assessed for effectiveness within specialist SUD treatment services.
New models for symbolic data analysis
Authors: Beranger Boris , Lin Huan , Sisson Scott 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSymbolic data analysis (SDA) is an emerging area of statistics concerned with understanding and modelling data that takes distributional form (i.e. symbols), such as random lists, intervals and histograms. It was developed under the premise that the statistical unit of interest is the symbol, and that inference is required at this level. Here we consider a different perspective, which opens a new research direction in the field of SDA. We assume that, as with a standard statistical analysis, inference is required at the level of individual-level data. However, the individual-level data are unobserved, and are aggregated into observed symbols—group-based distributional-valued summaries—prior to the analysis. We introduce a novel general method for constructing likelihood functions for symbolic data based on a desired probability model for the underlying measurement-level data, while only observing the distributional summaries. This approach opens the door for new classes of symbol design and construction, in addition to developing SDA as a viable tool to enable and improve upon classical data analyses, particularly for very large and complex datasets. We illustrate this new direction for SDA research through several real and simulated data analyses, including a study of novel classes of multivariate symbol construction techniques.
A field-based computing approach to sensing-driven clustering in robot swarms
Authors: Aguzzi Gianluca , Audrito Giorgio , Casadei Roberto , Damiani Ferruccio , Torta Gianluca , Viroli Mirko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSwarm intelligence leverages collective behaviours emerging from interaction and activity of several “simple” agents to solve problems in various environments. One problem of interest in large swarms featuring a variety of sub-goals is swarm clustering, where the individuals of a swarm are assigned or choose to belong to zero or more groups, also called clusters. In this work, we address the sensing-based swarm clustering problem, where clusters are defined based on both the values sensed from the environment and the spatial distribution of the values and the agents. Moreover, we address it in a setting characterised by decentralisation of computation and interaction, and dynamicity of values and mobility of agents. For the solution, we propose to use the field-based computing paradigm, where computation and interaction are expressed in terms of a functional manipulation of fields, distributed and evolving data structures mapping each individual of the system to values over time. We devise a solution to sensing-based swarm clustering leveraging multiple concurrent field computations with limited domain and evaluate the approach experimentally by means of simulations, showing that the programmed swarms form clusters that well reflect the underlying environmental phenomena dynamics.
Ambidextrous structures paving the way for disruptive business models: a conceptual framework
Authors: Stoiber Kristina , Matzler Kurt , Hautz Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractToday companies are facing challenges to survive due to substantial transformations induced by digital technologies, ever-changing consumer demands, and environmental uncertainties. Thus, companies need to be innovative to sustain competitive advantages. Scholars and practitioners have recognized the potential of disruptive innovations as a key factor for a company’s competitiveness. Yet, such innovations often challenge established companies due to the tensions between their traditional business model and the newly emerging business model required for disruptive change. The theory of ambidextrous organizations has offered a variety of solutions to tackle these barriers referring to the alignment of exploration and exploitation within an organization’s structure. Current literature, however, faces inconsistencies regarding how this can be achieved. With this study, we therefore aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how ambidextrous structures enable incumbent companies to reduce the barriers to disruptive business models. On the basis of a systematic literature review, we analyze and compare potential structures and their characteristics proposed in the ambidexterity literature. Drawing on our review, we conceptualize a framework linking the different organizational structures to the barriers associated with disruptive business models. Our framework identifies a range of seven structures which can resolve the barriers and thus support managers in their structural decisions on how to align exploration and exploitation to pave the way for disruptive business models.
The ‘Private’ Sphere of Integration? Reconfiguring Gender Roles Within Syrian Refugee Families in the UK
Authors: Habash Dunya , Omata Naohiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDrawing on qualitative research with resettled Syrian refugee families in Oxfordshire, UK, this article explores changes in gender roles and norms within these families. While issues related to the integration of refugees have been a central concern in policy discussions in the Global North, most research undertaken has been ‘gender-blind’, consequently making invisible the different experiences encountered by male and female refugees in the process of integration. Based on 60 semi-structured interviews with resettled Syrian families, 20 interviews with staff members from local NGOs and government agencies, and two focus group discussions with female refugees, we discovered that changes in gender roles and responsibilities often resulted in confusion, disputes, and tension between wives and husbands. By exploring these ‘private’ challenges, the article ultimately proposes a more holistic understanding of refugee integration, shedding more light on the socio-cultural dimension of integration—crucial knowledge for facilitating the smooth adjustment of refugees into a very different living environment.
A new combination is required in Conocliniopsis (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae)
Authors: Hind D. J. Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

SummaryA new combination, Conocliniopsis grossedentata, in Conocliniopsis R.M.King & H.Rob. (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae) is provided. An earlier assessment of Prince Maximilian Wied-Neuwied’s collections (sent by Martius to Colla), proposed that Colla’s Eupatorium grossedentatum was a new synonym of Lourteigia ballotifolia (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., a Colombian endemic. A critical assessment of Wied’s collection has indicated that the material, collected in Brazil near the Bahian coast, on the banks of the Rio Belmonte (= Rio Jequitinhonha), is conspecific with the plant more usually known as Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Colla’s name pre-dates that of de Candolle’s Conoclinium prasiifolium, the basionym of Conocliniopsis prasiifolia; a new combination is necessary. A full synonymy of Conocliniopsis grossedentata is provided, types indicated, and other issues discussed.
miR Profile of Chronic Right Ventricular Pacing: a Pilot Study in Children with Congenital Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Navarre Brittany M. , Clouthier Katie L. , Ji Xuhuai , Taylor Anne , Weldy Chad S. , Dubin Anne M. , Reddy Sushma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chronic ventricular pacing can lead to pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Clinical data alone is insufficient to predict who will develop PICM. Our study aimed to evaluate the circulating miR profile associated with chronic right ventricular pacing in children with congenital complete AV block (CCAVB) and to identify candidate miRs for longitudinal monitoring. Clinical data and blood were collected from chronically paced children (N = 9) and compared with non-paced controls (N = 13). miR microarrays from the buffy coat revealed 488 differentially regulated miRs between groups. Pathway analysis predicted both adaptive and maladaptive miR signaling associated with chronic pacing despite preserved ventricular function. Greater profibrotic signaling (miRs-92a, 130, 27, 29) and sodium and calcium channel dysregulation (let-7) were seen in those paced > 10 years with the most dyregulation seen in a patient with sudden death vs. those paced < 10 years. These miRs may help to identify early adverse remodeling in this population.
Graphical abstract
The “post-weanling’s conundrum”: exploring the impact of infant and child feeding practices on early mortality in the Bronze Age burial cave of Moro de Alins, north-eastern Iberia, through stable isotope analysis
Authors: Fernández-Crespo Teresa , Schulting Rick J. , Czermak Andrea , Ordoño Javier , Lorenzo José Ignacio , Rodanés José María 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe relationship between infant and child feeding practices and early mortality is difficult to address in past societies. Here, stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope measurements of bulk bone and sequential dentine samples of deciduous second and/or permanent first molars of four younger children, one older child, one late adolescent, and two young adults (n = 8) from Moro de Alins cave, north-eastern Iberia, are used to explore the potential impact of early-life nutrition on mortality in the Bronze Age. Isotope results are compatible with generally short exclusive breastfeeding and standard weaning periods compared to other pre-modern populations. However, there are differences in exclusive breastfeeding mean δ13C values and in Δ13C trophic shifts between exclusive breastfeeding and immediate post-weaning isotope values for those individuals who survived into adolescence and adulthood and those who did not. While the former seem to be consistent with trophic distances published for modern mother–infant pairs, the latter are above most of them. This may suggest that individuals who consumed similar foods to their mothers or suffered from less physiological stress during or after weaning had greater chances of survival during early childhood and beyond. Post-weaning seems to have been a particularly stressful period of life, where a number of instances of patterns of opposing isotopic covariance compatible with catabolic changes, often preceding death among non-survivors, are detected. This outcome shows the key role of nutritional and/or physiological status in early-life morbidity and mortality among partially and especially fully weaned children from pre-antibiotic, pre-vaccination, and poor sanitation contexts and proposes that adult survival is rooted in early life experiences, in keeping with the developmental origins of health and disease.
Stories of change in nutrition: lessons from a new generation of studies from Africa, Asia and Europe
Authors: Nisbett Nicholas , Harris Jody , Headey Derek , van den Bold Mara , Gillespie Stuart , Aberman Noora-Lisa , Adeyemi Olutayo , Aryeetey Richmond , Avula Rasmi , Becquey Elodie , Drimie Scott , Iruhiriye Elyse , Salm Leah , Turowska Zuzanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow does nutrition improve? We need to understand better what drives both positive and negative change in different contexts, and what more can be done to reduce malnutrition. Since 2015, the Stories of Change in Nutrition studies have analysed and documented experiences in many different African and Asian countries, to foster empirically-grounded experiential learning across contexts. This article provides an overview of findings from 14 studies undertaken in nine countries in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Europe between 2017 and 2021. The studies used a combination of methods, including regression-decomposition analyses of national datasets to assess determinants of nutritional change; policy process and food environment analyses; and community-level research assessing attitudes to change. This article takes a narrative synthesis approach to identify key themes across the studies, paying particular attention to multisectoral determinants, changes in the food environment, the role of structural factors (including longstanding social inequities), and changes in political commitment, cross-sectoral coherence and capacity. Given the inherent multisectoral nature of nutrition, many countries are experimenting with different models of ensuring coherence across sectors that are captured in this body of work. The relative immaturity of the policy sector in dealing with issues such as obesity and overweight, and associated influences in the wider food environment, adds a further challenge. To address these interrelated issues, policy must simultaneously tackle nutrition’s upstream (social/economic/equity) and downstream (health and dietary) determinants. Studies synthesised here provide empirically-driven inspiration for action.
Scientometric analysis of global research output in robotic gynecologic surgery
Authors: Vidal Manuel S. , Tantengco Ourlad Alzeus G. , Gamo Nancy Marie S. , Lee Ka Yiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Study objective
There has been a surge in publications on robotic gynecologic surgery. This study determined the characteristics and trends of published articles in robotic gynecologic surgery using bibliometric analysis, and also identified socioeconomic indicators associated with scientific productivity in this field.

Methods
The Scopus database was used to retrieve articles related to robotic gynecologic surgery from 2001 until 2021. Analyses and network visualization were conducted using Bibliometrix package in R platform, VOSviewer software, and GraphPad Prism software.

Main results
A total of 642 articles spanning from 2001 to 2021 were published, with exponential increase starting in 2007. The most productive country in this field is the USA, while the most productive institution is the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology produced the most significant number of research articles, while Gynecologic Oncology received the highest total citations. The central themes of research from 2001 to 2009 include the keywords “radical hysterectomy” and “laparoscopy” while from 2010 to 2021, the keywords include “robotic surgery” and “cervical cancer”. Gross domestic product and the number of international collaborations had the highest correlation with scientific productivity in robotic gynecologic surgery.

Conclusion
This study showed the research landscape – the leading authors, institutions, and countries – in robotic gynecologic surgery. The top institutions and countries in this field were from developed countries. This study emphasizes more investment in research, support for researchers and physicians, and foster more collaborations with leading countries and institutions, all to improve clinical care for gynecologic patients globally.

Highlights
A Comparative Study of Socio-Legal Scenarios in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on Asian Responses
Authors: Yoshida Kunihiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article first distinguishes three governance scenarios that have been enacted in the COVID-19 pandemic, including identification and control; herd immunity without policy adjustments; and periodic lockdowns and hasty opening. In suggesting how different governments’ strategies were taxonomized into these categories, the paper examines major socio-legal challenges, including variations in social structures and government responsibilities; differences in public health cultures and legal policy options available to governments; unequal distribution of health and social welfare benefits; and public concerns of government overreach in relation to privacy of the infected and the preservation of individual liberty and freedom. Finally, the paper offers critical recommendations in the interest of ensuring a robust social-legal framework for providing adequate medical care to the infected; improving public health for vulnerable groups; ensuring that less privileged countries have access to vaccines; and designing post-disaster reconstruction by seeking global health objectives, rather than state-centric national justice.
Longstanding health risk across the life course: The influence of early-life experience on health status throughout the life span
Authors: Yuan Bocong , Li Jiannan , Li Kunmei , Chen Mengxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study tracked the longstanding effect of childhood adversities on health status over the course of a life. This study used the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which was a nationally representative survey and documented the generation who had arrived in the middle- and old-age phase and experienced the difficult time in the early founding of PR China in their childhood. Results shown the significant associations between multiple forms of children adversities (economic distress, child neglect, child abuse, lack of friends, parental mental health problems) and health status in adolescence (from 0.068 to 0.102, p<0.01), and health status in mid and late adulthood, including self-rated general health problems (from 0.039 to 0.061, p<0.01), chronic conditions (from 0.014 to 0.120, p<0.01 except for lack of friends), body aches (from 0.016 to 0.062, p<0.01 except for child neglect), and depression (from 0.047 to 0.112, p<0.01). Meanwhile, results also shown an underlying pathway (i.e., health status in adolescence) linking childhood adversities and health status in mid and late adulthood. Results suggested that the experience of multiple forms of adversities in childhood represented a substantial source of health risk throughout life.
Associations between psychological therapy outcomes for depression and incidence of dementia
Authors: John Amber , Saunders Rob , Desai Roopal , Bell Georgia , Fearn Caroline , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Brown Barbara , Nurock Shirley , Michael Stewart , Ware Paul , Marchant Natalie L. , Aguirre Elisa , Rio Miguel , Cooper Claudia , Pilling Stephen , Richards Marcus , Stott Josh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepression is an important, potentially modifiable dementia risk factor. However, it is not known whether effective treatment of depression through psychological therapies is associated with reduced dementia incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between reduction in depressive symptoms following psychological therapy and the subsequent incidence of dementia.MethodsNational psychological therapy data were linked with hospital records of dementia diagnosis for 119808 people aged 65+. Participants received a course of psychological therapy treatment in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services between 2012 and 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were run to test associations between improvement in depression following psychological therapy and incidence of dementia diagnosis up to eight years later.ResultsImprovements in depression following treatment were associated with reduced rates of dementia diagnosis up to 8 years later (HR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.94), after adjustment for key covariates. Strongest effects were observed for vascular dementia (HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97) compared with Alzheimer's disease (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.00).ConclusionsReliable improvement in depression across psychological therapy was associated with reduced incidence of future dementia. Results are consistent with at least two possibilities. Firstly, psychological interventions to improve symptoms of depression may have the potential to contribute to dementia risk reduction efforts. Secondly, psychological therapies may be less effective in people with underlying dementia pathology or they may be more likely to drop out of therapy (reverse causality). Tackling the under-representation of older people in psychological therapies and optimizing therapy outcomes is an important goal for future research.