bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition therapy in acute and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Turcan Svetlana , Tofan-Scutaru Liudmila 
Published: April 2022

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease associated with disorders of nutrient assimilation and, as a result, with significant changes in the nutritional status.
All patients with acute pancreatitis should be considered at nutritional risk and should be screened using validated screening methods. The optimal nutritional treatment for acute pancreatitis has been debated for decades. The traditional approach was "nothing in the mouth", only parenteral nutrition until the acute symptoms disappear and the level of serum pancreatic enzymes decreases. However, this tactic can contribute to various complications, starting with malnutrition and ending with sepsis due to damage of the intestinal mucosa. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown that patients with acute pancreatitis can tolerate oral nutrition and that oral / enteral nutrition is associated with a shorter hospital stay and a lower rate of complications compared to solely parenteral. Therefore, early oral nutrition with a low-fat "soft food" is recommended. In case of oral feeding intolerance, enteral nutrition is preferable, but not parenteral supply. A combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition may be recommended in patients who do not tolerate a sufficient amount of enteral nutrition.
Malnutrition in chronic pancreatitis cannot be detected using BMI alone, and a detailed nutritional assessment is required, including assessment of symptoms and organic functions, anthropometry, and biochemical tests. Nutritional therapy in chronic pancreatitis should be multifactorial and based on abstinence from alcohol and nicotine, and diet modification. International guidelines no longer recommend severe dietary fat restriction; on the contrary, a physiological diet is recommended, but with adequate replacement of pancreatic enzymes. In case of intolerance to physiological nutrition, a low-fat diet with oral nutritional supplements is recommended to replenish energy and nutrients.
This is a review of recent studies and guidelines on nutrition in pancreatitis for physicians and medical trainees.
Fairness in Influence Maximization through Randomization
Authors: Becker Ruben , D’Angelo Gianlorenzo , Ghobadi Sajjad , Gilbert Hugo 
Published: April 2022

The influence maximization paradigm has been used by researchers in various fields in order to study how information spreads in social networks. While previously the attention was mostly on efficiency, more recently fairness issues have been taken into account in this scope. In the present paper, we propose to use randomization as a mean for achieving fairness. While this general idea is not new, it has not been applied in this area.
Similar to previous works like Fish et al. (WWW ’19) and Tsang et al. (IJCAI ’19), we study the maximin criterion for (group) fairness. In contrast to their work however, we model the problem in such a way that, when choosing the seed sets, probabilistic strategies are possible rather than only deterministic ones. We introduce two different variants of this probabilistic problem, one that entails probabilistic strategies over nodes (node-based problem) and a second one that entails probabilistic strategies over sets of nodes (set-based problem). After analyzing the relation between the two probabilistic problems, we show that, while the original deterministic maximin problem was inapproximable, both probabilistic variants permit approximation algorithms that achieve a constant multiplicative factor of 1 − 1/e minus an additive arbitrarily small error that is due to the simulation of the information spread. For the node-based problem, the approximation is achieved by observing that a polynomial-sized linear program approximates the problem well. For the set-based problem, we show that a multiplicative-weight routine can yield the approximation result.
For an experimental study, we provide implementations of multiplicative-weight routines for both the set-based and the node-based problems and compare the achieved fairness values to existing methods. Maybe non-surprisingly, we show that the ex-ante values, i.e., minimum expected value of an individual (or group) to obtain the information, of the computed probabilistic strategies are significantly larger than the (ex-post) fairness values of previous methods. This indicates that studying fairness via randomization is a worthwhile path to follow. Interestingly and maybe more surprisingly, we observe that even the ex-post fairness values, i.e., fairness values of sets sampled according to the probabilistic strategies computed by our routines, dominate over the fairness achieved by previous methods on many of the instances tested.
The role of the geriatic (G8) health status screening tool in prediction of antitumor therapy complications in elderly patients
Authors: Yugay S. V. , Krasavina M. A. , Tyutrina Yu. A. , Nikitina T. P. , Elmurzaev A. B. , Rykov I. V. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The G8 Score is an important tool for geriatric assessment in current oncology practice. The G8 Score is applied as a prescreening method for selection of patients who need comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA); however, this questionnaire has not been validated in Russia.Study goal: To evaluate the reliability and predictive role of the Russian version of the G8 Score in evaluating the risk of complications of systemic antitumor therapy in elderly patients.Materials and methods: The authors conducted a prospective non‑randomized study in elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) who received systemic antitumor therapy. All patients were screened using the Russian version of the G8 Score. Cases of adverse events during treatment (toxicity) and treatment discontinuation were analyzed. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the Russian version of the G8 Score as a predictor of complications and complication‑associated events (treatment discontinuation) in cancer patients in Russia. The reliability of the Russian version of the G8 Score was also assessed using Cronbach»s alpha coefficient of internal consistency.Results: The data of 133 cancer patients (57,1 % and 42,9 % of whom were female and male, respectively) with a mean age of 72,1 y. o. were analyzed using the Russian version of the G8 Score. The study demonstrated a satisfactory predictive ability of the tool in terms of prognosis of general toxicity, including hematologic and non‑hematologic toxicity, with the area under the curve (AUC) being 0,621 [95 % CI: 0,524–0,717]. The cut‑off value of the G8 Score was 13,5; sensitivity (Se) = 71 %, specificity (Sp) = 54 %. The characteristics of the positive and negative predictive values of the G8 Score were similar. The data on the predictive role of the Russian version of the G8 Score in terms of prognosis of toxicity‑related treatment discontinuation were not statistically significant (p > 0,05). The internal consistency of the Russian version of the G8 Score was demonstrated to be acceptable, with Cronbach»s alpha coefficient of 0,709 and split‑half values of α1 = 0,558 and α2 = 0,432. The results of the study indicated a satisfactory reliability of the Russian version of the G8 Score.Conclusion: The Russian version of the G8 Score is a reliable tool that can be used as a possible predictor of toxicity of antitumor drug therapy and a useful tool for the selection of patients for comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Elevated levels of CA125 (MUC16) in metastatic gastric cancer as a strong predictor of poor survival
Authors: Semenov N. N. , Dalgatov K. D. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: CA125 is an extracellular domain of MUC16 glycoprotein. The clinical significance of serum CA125 has been most extensively studied in ovarian cancer. The significance of serum CA125 in gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated. There is evidence that MUC16 overexpression is associated with poor survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. We have not found any research papers on the correlation between the levels of serum CA125 and MUC16 overexpression.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of elevated CA125 levels in patients with metastatic cancer on the long‑term results (time to disease progression and overall survival).Materials and methods: CA125 was determined in the serum before the start of first‑line chemotherapy in 75 patients (45 males and 30 females) with metastatic gastric cancer. The mean age of the patients was 61,3 (26,7–84,9) years. Synchronous metastases were observed in 85 % of patients: 57,3 % in the peritoneum, 37,3 % in the liver, 5,4 % at other sites. Palliative gastrectomy and metastasectomy were performed in 28 % and 20 % of patients, respectively. Monotherapy, doublet and triplet chemotherapy regimens were used in 6,7 %, 58,7 % and 36,0 % of patients, respectively.Results: the analysis showed that elevated levels of CA125 (> 37 IU/mL) were associated with a significant reduction in median time to progression (3,5 months (CI 2,87–9,53) vs 6,2 months, р = 0.001 (CI 2,02–4,9)) and overall survival (5,1 months (CI 6,07–28,1) vs 17,1 months (CI 3,5–6,67), р = 0.001). One‑factor ANOVA showed that factors with the strongest effects on the survival rates included the location of metastases (peritoneum), tumor histology (adenocarcinoma/signet ring cell carcinoma), the use of palliative gastrectomy and metastasis resection. A multi‑factor ANOVA showed that the only favorable prognostic factors in terms of overall survival rates were normal CA125 levels (HR 0,39 (95 % CI 0,18–0,84), р = 0.001) and the use of palliative gastrectomy (HR 0,23 (95 % CI 0,1–0,58), р = 0.001). The use of triplet chemotherapy regimens allowed to slightly improve the overall survival rates in the group of patients with elevated CA125 levels; however, the differences were not statistically significant (6,7 months vs 4Ю0 months, p = 0.29).Conclusion: Elevated levels of CA125, which reflect MUC16 overexpression to a certain extent, is a strong independent predictor of poor outcome in metastatic gastric cancer. Currently, a possible way to overcome this negative impact is to use more intensive chemotherapy regimens. However, further research should be aimed at finding adequate targets and ways of neutralizing the negative impact of MUC16 overexpression in patients with metastatic gastric cancer.
Factors and outcome analysis of emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a tertiary care center catering to hilly terrain for a five-year period: a retrospective study
Authors: Makhija Amrita , Pati Banishree , Upreti Purnima 
Published: April 2022

Background: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) is a life-saving surgery associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In the state of Uttarakhand, due to the hilly terrain and poor ante-natal awareness, type 1 and 2 delay is expected in seeking health care. Thus, the present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, indications, and outcomes of EPH.Methods: Medical records of 63 patients who underwent EPH from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed for the patient characteristics, high risk factors, indications and type of hysterectomy and outcome.Results: The incidence of EPH at our institute was 2.78 per 1000 deliveries. Most patients (89.89%) were referred cases. There were 4 home deliveries and 4 patients referred for obstructed labour. The average parity was 2.71±1.13. Thirty-four patients (53.97%) presented in the emergency department in shock. The leading indication was uterine atony (46.03%) followed by rupture uterus (26.98%) and placenta accreta spectrum (23.81%). All patients needed blood transfusion. Intensive care unit admission was required in 88.89%. The maternal mortality was 15.87%. All the three levels delays contributing to poor outcome were identified. Conclusions: Uterine atony and rupture of non-scarred uterus due to obstructed labour were the prominent indications of EPH. Strengthening of referral system and timely referral of high-risk patients to a setup with facilities for management of high risk obstetric cases can play an important role in decreasing the incidence and morbidity and mortality of EPH.
The Triumph of Peace: International Congresses and European Society in the Time of Courts and Alliances
Authors: Ivonina Liudmila 
Published: April 2022

The formation of the first state system in Europe took place from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of the Thirty Years&apos; War (1618-1648), to the Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt-Baden (1714) Congresses which finished the end of the war of the Spanish Succession. The legal fixation of the Westphallian system was accompanied by its public perception and acceptance. First of all, this was demonstrated by International Congresses, which were not only a common negotiation process, but also a place of representation of the significance and culture of each state. In fact, the European Congress was a carefully designed triumph of peace within the continent, which required considerable funds, was widely covered in the press and glorified in celebrations, paintings, the release of commemorative medals, poetry and even fashion. The article presents the most striking examples of the analysis of the representation forms of Peace Congresses. The author believes that negotiations between states and the conclusion of peace made a significant contribution to the civilization heritage of Europe. The factor of transition from war to peace was the strongest stimulus for the transformation of the government structure in line with the monopolization of power, the development of trade, the banking system, productive forces and culture, which changed people&apos;s attitude to their own personality and environment. The publicity of International Congresses can also be considered as incentive for the development of the Law of Nations and as an act of humanitarian diplomacy. Peace Congresses were designed to minimize the heavy legacy of military conflicts in the historical memory.
Representation of Power in German Common Press of the Thirty Years War (1618—1648)
Authors: Lazareva Arina 
Published: April 2022

The paper address the problem of representation of power in the Holy Roman Empire and its development under the impact of the Thirty Years&apos; War (1618—1648). The power, be it imperial, princely or just the power of some lower governor, was an important topic of the common press of the Thirty Years&apos; War. The main issue of public political discourse was the image of imperial power. Emperor’s claims, that his monarchical power was of different kind that the power of the rulers of other countries lay in core of any conception of the emperor’s place and role in public space. This idea was mirrored most clear in popular pictorial prints, which were common in Early Modern Germany and contained text and graving icon. It is in them that the idea of imperial power was visualized and presented in the form understandable for wide audience. The visualization of power in the popular pictorial prints provides recent scholars with numerous opportunities to reveal the characteristic features of the conception of supreme power, developed under the influence of the largest cataclysm of the Early Modern period — the Thirty Years&apos; War. The “German War”, as contemporaries called it, highlighted the most important issues of the internal structure of the Empire and the different aspects of the relationship between the emperor and the estates were discussed widely in press. Commonly, more often the emperor’s power was represented by allegorical images or symbols. Most of them testified that the ideas of the functions of power gradually became more inclusive under the influence of the war. The main innovation in the conception of “power” was the emphasized appeal to the problem of ensuring the subject’s safety.
Printing as a Factor in the Evolution of Political Institutions in the Early Modern Europe
Authors: Pitulko Galina 
Published: April 2022

The article deals with complex processes which took place in Europe in the field of printing in early modern times. The author analyzes the situation in England and other states during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. It is concluded that each European country has its own special features not only in the organization of the printing business itself, but also in the sphere of relations between government institutions and the publishing community. The history of publishing in England very clearly shows how the printed book influenced not only the spiritual, but also the political processes that took place in the country over several centuries. In connection with the study of the traditions of British printing and the reading circle of the educated Englishman of the Early Modern Age, the most important source for us is the manuscript catalog of the Fairfax family library, kept in the Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History. English intellectuals Fairfax stood out primarily as the owners of the largest private book collection in England in the 17th century. And their library was, strictly speaking, a certain attribute of political elitism. Wallenrodts, who belonged to the Prussian nobility of the Brandenburg principality, proceeded from the idea of the social significance of their own book collection, and already during Ernst von Wallenrodt&apos;s lifetime bequeathed the collection to the University of Konigsberg. The author comes to the conclusion about the important role of the national press, acting as a consolidating ethnopolitical element in the course of such a formation of a new configuration of states of the Westphalian political system.
Overthrow of Idol: Lord Bolingbroke about Jean Boden’s View of History
Authors: Ayzenshtat Marina 
Published: April 2022

Lord Henry Bolingbroke (1678—1751), philosophy and politician who was one of bright thinker and statesman. Bolingbroke leaved England for France after attempt of restoration of Stuarts was failure. There he became the author of some historical essays, in ont of thtm Boligbroke wrote about ideas of Jean Boden, French philosophy, writer and politician (1529—1596). Bolingbroke read his work in youth and liked it very much. But decades later he changed his mind and criticized Boden’s ideas how to read history, as wrote Bolingbroke. Contemporary authors investigate Bolingbroke’s political and philosophical views, but his historical views, as a rule, they don’t take in minds. The author of these essay tried to answer why Bolingbroke overthrow his youth idol.
FIRST STEPS OF EDUCATION IN THE FAMILY – THE POSSIBILITIES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN
Authors: Szele Anna Szabina , Nagy Beáta Erika 
Published: April 2022

In Hungary, preterm birth is a common issue; approximately 8.000 infants are born preterm each year. At the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Debrecen, our Pediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic Unit work to minimize the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in children born prematurely or in other risk groups. In favour of it, we help families at both the prevention and the intervention levels. Parent education, organization of parent groups, and counselling provide us an opportunity to acquaint parents with the possibilities of using help. The chapter briefly describes the possibilities of prevention (screening tests, diagnostics) and intervention (parent group, music therapy, animal-assisted therapy, sensory integration therapy), the family implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Bayley-III diagnostic and screening test, which is one of the most advanced developmental tools for early prevention. Our approach is that, in favour of healthy and balanced development, the whole family needs to get the appropriate support and care. Supporting and strengthening parental efficiency is an important step by which the parent is able to implement a method of education that takes into account the individual characteristics of the child, by which the child's adaptability, carrying capacity, and social skills develop and strengthen.
​Effect of Storage Period on Chemical, Organoleptic and Microbial Qualities of Paneer at Refrigeration Temperature
Authors: Patil S.T. , Sonwane R.S. 
Published: April 2022

Background: There is a demand for natural food preservatives as an alternative to artificial chemical compounds. Under refrigeration conditions, the paneer has a shelf life of 7-9 days. The application of preservatives can help to solve the problem of its short shelf-life. The present study was conducted to evaluate four types, S0, S1, S2 and S3 paneer samples. The effect of storage period on paneer, control and treated with brine (10% w/v), hydrogen peroxide (0.2%) plus lactic acid (0.75%) and paneer whey under refrigerated temperature (7±2°C) for 18 days was studied for the chemical, microbial and sensory qualities. Methods: The samples were analyzed for milk fat, ash, titratable acidity (% LA), lactose, protein, soluble nitrogen, total solids, bacterial count, yeast and mould count as per the standard method. Paneer samples were organoleptically evaluated by a panel of 5 semi-trained judges. Results were analyzed using factorial randomized block design as described by Cochran and Cox. Result: Among the different preservatives, treatments hydrogen peroxide plus lactic acid and brine were found to keep paneer acceptable for nearly 18 days at refrigerated storage. Based on the quality assessment of the product, hydrogen peroxide plus lactic acid treatment was superior and recommended.
The Struggle for Independence in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Sangreman Carlos Eduardo , Semedo Rui Jorge 
Published: April 2022

The realization of the process of armed struggle for national liberation in the so called Portuguese Guinea and, consequent unilateral proclamation of the State of Guinea-Bissau in September 1973 was possible from outside the Guinean borders, through an important and strategic contribution made by the Republic of Guinea- Conakry which in 1958 had already achieved national independence. This article intends to observe the capital of the neighboring Republic of Guinea as a symbolic structuring space in the construction of ideological antagonisms based on the sociocultural and political dispute around "unity and against unity" within the African Party for Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). The fundamental purpose is to understand the extent to which the environment generated in Conakry contributed to the cohesion or weakening of the recommended desiderates, but above all to the legacy of inherited conflicts that influenced the post-independence state building process in Guinea-Bissau. It is worth mentioning that the empirical framework is the PAIGC, the sociopolitical segments that make up its internal structure and other protagonists of the process.
Keywords: Conakry, PAIGC, Unity and Conflicts, Guinea-Bissau.
Using Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) to Improve Junior High School Students’ Participation and Reading Comprehension Achievement
Authors: Rosa Rainia Adina Winda , Tasnim Zakiyah , Fitriyah Siti Masrifatul 
Published: April 2022

This classroom action research, with one cycle, was aimed at improving junior high school students’ participation and reading comprehension achievement by using the Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) approach. Observation, pre-test and post-test were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics with a percentage formula. The research results showed that the student's participation during the teaching and learning process of reading comprehension by applying TBLT improved from 73.9% in the second meeting, to 90 % in the third meeting, and to 100% in the fourth meeting. In addition, the students’ reading comprehension achievement also improved from 35% in the pre-test to 81% in the post-test. Therefore, junior high school English teachers are suggested to apply TBLT in teaching reading comprehension.