bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of T-cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein using an in-house flow-cytometric assay in laboratory employees with and without previously confirmed COVID-19 in South Africa: nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: van Rooyen Cathrine , Brauer Marieke , Swanepoel Petri , van den Berg Sylvia , van der Merwe Cassandre , van der Merwe Marischa , Green Robin , Becker Piet 
Published: January 2022

AimsTo compare specific T-cell responses between laboratory employees in South Africa with and without previously diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsEmployees at a private pathology laboratory in South Africa were invited to participate in a nationwide cross-sectional study. T-cell proliferation to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N)-proteins and spike (S)-proteins was measured by flow cytometry and compared between participants.ResultsBased on classification according to SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription (RT)-PCR results, a total of 81% (42/52) of positive participants demonstrated T-cell proliferation to SARS-CoV-2 N-proteins or S-proteins (95% CI 67.5% to 90.4%), while 62% (68/110) of negative participants also had detectable T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins (95% CI 52.1% to 70.9%). When classified according to SARS-CoV-2 serology results, 92.6% (50/54) of positive participants demonstrated T-cell proliferation to SARS-CoV-2 proteins (95% CI 82.1 to 97,9 %), while 56% (60/108) of negative participants demonstrated T-cell proliferation (95% CI 45.7% to 65.1%). The magnitude of the T-cell responses as determined by a stimulation index, was significantly higher in the group previously infected by SARS-CoV-2 than in the negative group. A statistically significant difference in T-cell proliferation was noted between high risk and low risk groups for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the negative group, but no significant difference in magnitude of the response.ConclusionsA significant proportion of South African laboratory employees who were not previously diagnosed with COVID-19 demonstrated T-cell reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 N-proteins and S-proteins. The pre-existing T-cell proliferation responses may be attributable to cross-reactive immune responses to other human coronaviruses, or possibly asymptomatic infection.
Unique correlation between GTF2I mutation and spindle cell morphology in thymomas (type A and AB thymomas)
Authors: Wells Kirsty , Lamrca Angela , Papaxoinis George , Wallace Andrew , Quinn Anne Marie , Summers Yvonne , Nonaka Daisuke 
Published: January 2022

AimRecent study has revealed frequent GTF2I mutation in thymomas, with the frequency being highest in types A and AB, followed by B1, B2, B3 and thymic carcinoma. This has led to the conclusion that GTF2I mutation correlates with more indolent histology subtype and better prognosis. In our study, the GTF2I mutation was tested in thymic epithelial tumours to investigate the relation between the mutation status and histology subtype.MethodsThe GTF2I mutation was tested in 111 thymic epithelial tumours by Sanger sequencing. Correlations between GTF2I mutation status and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated.ResultsThere were 16 cases of type A, including atypical type, 37 type AB, 13 B1, 23 B2, 9 B3, 6 micronodular type, 2 metaplastic type and 5 thymic carcinomas. GTF2I mutation was seen in 78.6% of type A and 83.9% of type AB, while it was not expressed in type B, metaplastic type or thymic carcinoma (p<0.001). 75% of micronodular type also showed the mutation. Both thymoma histotype and stage were significantly associated with GTF2I mutation by univariate analysis. The presence of GTF2I mutation showed a trend towards a favourable prognosis, but this is likely due to their strong association with more indolent histologic subtypes (types A and AB).ConclusionsGTF2I mutation appears unique in type A and AB thymomas, including those with atypical features and micronodular type, all of which share spindle cell morphology, indicating they represent a group biologically distinct from type B thymomas.
Ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block, ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block, and quadratus lumborum block for elective open inguinal hernia repair in children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Priyadarshini Karunamourty , Behera Bikram Kishore , Tripathy Bikasha Bihary , Misra Satyajeet 
Published: January 2022

Background and objectivesUltrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric (II/IH) nerve blocks and transverse abdominis plane (TAP) blocks are widely used for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair (IHR). Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) provides analgesia for both upper and lower abdominal surgery. Very few randomized controlled trials in children have assessed the efficacy of QLB in IHR. Thus, this study was designed to find the comparative effectiveness of QLB versus TAP and II/IH blocks in children undergoing open IHR.Materials and methodsSixty children scheduled for open IHR were randomly allocated in groups of 20 to receive either ultrasound-guided TAP block with 0.4 mL/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine, II/IH nerve block with 0.2 mL/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine, or QLB with 0.4 mL/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine. Anesthesia was standardized for all patients, and an experienced anesthesiologist performed the blocks after anesthesia induction.Primary outcomeTime to first analgesia.Secondary outcomesPostoperative pain scores, intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, cumulative paracetamol usage, block performance time, and block-related complications.ResultsThe median time to first analgesia was 360 (120), 480 (240), and 720 (240) min in the TAP block, II/IH block, and QLB groups, respectively; and was significantly longer in the QLB versus TAP (p<0.001) and II/IH (p<0.001) groups. The time to first analgesia was not significantly different between the TAP and II/IH groups (p=0.596). The mean postoperative tramadol consumption was 11 (12.7), 4 (7.16), and 3 (8) mg in the TAP, II/IH, and QLB groups, respectively (p=0.023); and it was lowest in the QLB group. No significant differences were found between the groups for other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsQLB provides a prolonged period of analgesia and leads to decreased opioid consumption compared with TAP blocks and II/IH nerve blocks in children undergoing open IHR.Trial registration numberCTRI/2019/09/021377.
Incident urogenital and anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis in women: the role of sexual exposure and autoinoculation: a multicentre observational study (FemCure)
Authors: Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H T M , Schim van der Loeff Maarten , Wolffs Petra , Bruisten Sylvia M , Götz Hannelore M , Heijman Titia , Zondag Helene , Lucchesi Mayk , De Vries Henry , Hoebe Christian J P A 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAnorectal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are common in women visiting STI outpatient clinics. We here evaluated the risk posed by sexual exposure and by alternate anatomical site infection for incident anorectal and urogenital CT.MethodsProspective multicentre cohort study, FemCure. Participants were treated for CT, and after 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, they self-collected anorectal and urogenital samples (swabs) for CT-DNA testing. We calculated the proportion with incident CT, that is, CT incidence (at weeks 6–12) by 2-week time-periods. Compared with no exposure (A), we estimated the risk of incident CT for (B) sexual exposure, (C) alternate site anatomic site infection and (D) both, adjusted for confounders and expressed as adjusted ORs with 95% CIs.ResultsWe analysed data of 385 participants contributing 1540 2-week periods. The anorectal CT incidence was 2.9% (39/1343) (95 CI 1.8 to 3.6); 1.3% (A), 1.3% (B), 27.8% (C) and 36.7% (D). The ORs were: 0.91 (95% CI 0.32 to 2.60) (B), 26.0 (95% CI 7.16 to 94.34) (C), 44.26 (95% CI 14.38 to 136.21) (D).The urogenital CT incidence was 3.3% (47/1428) (95% CI 2.4 to 4.4); 0.7% (A), 1.9% (B), 13.9% (C) and 25.4% (D). The ORs were: 2.73 (95% CI 0.87 to 8.61) (B), 21.77 (95% CI 6.70 to 70 71) (C) and 49.66 (95% CI 15.37 to 160.41) (D).ConclusionsAfter initial treatment, an alternate anatomical site CT infection increased the risk for an incident CT in women, especially when also sex was reported. This may suggest a key role for autoinoculation in the re-establishment or persistence of urogenital and anorectal chlamydia infections.
Diffusion of smoke-free policies at outdoor sports clubs in the Netherlands
Authors: Smit Rixt A , Garritsen Heike H , Kunst Anton E 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAlthough outdoor smoke-free policies (SFPs) at sports clubs represent an important new area of tobacco control, the majority of sports clubs are not smoke free. This study aims to assess diffusion patterns of outdoor SFPs at sports clubs in the Netherlands.MethodsUsing a retrospective, registry-based design, an inventory was made of football, field hockey, tennis and korfball clubs that became smoke free between 2016 and 2020. We determined the type of sports, number of members and proportion of youth members. The degree of urbanisation and density of smoke-free sports clubs were measured at the municipality level. The association between sports clubs’ characteristics, degree of urbanisation and SFP adoption was analysed using multilevel regression analysis. Horizontal diffusion was tested by analysing the association between the density and annual incidence of smoke-free sports clubs.ResultsSince 2016, the number of sports clubs with an outdoor SFP increased from 0.3% to 26.4%. Field hockey and korfball clubs and clubs with many (youth) members were more likely to be smoke-free. SFPs spread from the most urbanised to less urbanised municipalities, which could mostly be attributed to sports clubs’ characteristics. A higher density of smoke-free sports clubs within municipalities was associated with an increased incidence of new SFPs in the following year.ConclusionOutdoor SFPs at sports clubs in the Netherlands diffused across horizontal and hierarchical lines. National strategies for smoke-free sports should monitor clubs that are more likely to stay behind, such as football and tennis clubs, smaller clubs and clubs in less urbanised areas.
Higher fidelity simulations of nonlinear Breit–Wheeler pair creation in intense laser pulses
Authors: Blackburn T. G. , King B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen a photon collides with a laser pulse, an electron-positron pair can be produced via the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler process. A simulation framework has been developed to calculate this process, which is based on a ponderomotive approach that includes strong-field quantum electrodynamical effects via the locally monochromatic approximation (LMA). Here we compare simulation predictions for a variety of observables, in different physical regimes, with numerical evaluation of exact analytical results from theory. For the case of a focussed laser background, we also compare simulation with a high-energy theory approximation. These comparisons are used to quantify the accuracy of the simulation approach in calculating harmonic structure, which appears in the lightfront momentum and angular spectra of outgoing particles, and the transition from multi-photon to all-order pair creation. Calculation of the total yield of pairs over a range of intensity parameters is also used to assess the accuracy of the locally constant field approximation (LCFA).
Non-adaptive Heisenberg-limited metrology with multi-channel homodyne measurements
Authors: Triggiani Danilo , Facchi Paolo , Tamma Vincenzo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show a protocol achieving the ultimate Heisenberg-scaling sensitivity in the estimation of a parameter encoded in a generic linear network, without employing any auxiliary networks, and without the need of any prior information on the parameter nor on the network structure. As a result, this protocol does not require a prior coarse estimation of the parameter, nor an adaptation of the network. The scheme we analyse consists of a single-mode squeezed state and homodyne detectors in each of the M output channels of the network encoding the parameter, making it feasible for experimental applications.
A Comparison of Blinded versus Ultrasound-Guided Limited-Open Trigger Finger Release Using the Yasunaga Knife
Authors: MURAMATSU Keiichi , RAYEL Ma. Felma , ARCINUE Jasson , TANI Yasuhiro , KOBAYASHI Masato , SETO Tetsuya 
Published: January 2022

Background: An open approach is the gold standard for trigger finger (TF) release. However, this may be associated with infection and scar tenderness. Percutaneous trigger release is an alternative, but this can sometimes result in incomplete release and digital nerve injury, even with ultrasound (US) guidance. Limited-open TF release is an intermediate technique that uses a specially designed knife via a 2–3 mm incision. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of blinded versus US-guided limited-open TF release using the Yasunaga knife (Medical U&A, Inc., Japan). Methods: About 138 fingers in 111 patients underwent limited-open TF release using the Yasunaga knife. Green classification was used to grade the severity of TF. Thirty-one patients had grade 3 TF and 80 patients had grade 4 TF. The TF was released in a blinded fashion in 60 patients and using US guidance in 51 patients. Outcome measures included residual triggering, contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint, visual analog scale (VAS) for assessment of pain, Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, and the Patel and Moradia grading of patient satisfaction. Complications were also recorded. Results: Six patients had residual triggering in the blinded group, whereas it resolved in all patients in the US-guided group. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Patients in both groups showed significant improvement in VAS and Quick DASH score postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the two groups for these two outcomes. Patient satisfaction was graded as excellent by 20 patients and good by 30 patients in the US-guided group compared to eight excellent and 45 good in the blinded group. Conclusion: The incidence of residual triggering was lower and overall satisfaction higher in patients who underwent US-guided limited-open TF release using the Yasunaga knife. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
A Technique of Immobilization of Digits by Spinal or Intracath Needle Following Soft Tissue Surgery
Authors: AGARWAL Pawan , KUKRELE Rajeev , SHARMA D. 
Published: January 2022

After release of post burn flexion contracture and repair of soft tissue injury of digits, it is desirable to maintain the digits in full extension. This is conventionally done by insertion of Kirschner wires across the interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints. We have been inserting a spinal or intracath needle in a dorsal supra-periosteal plane for immobilizing digits after release of post burn contractures or repair of soft tissue injury. The needle is maintained for 2–3 weeks, and all patients achieved stable immobilization of digits. There were no major complications. This procedure is minimally invasive, simple to perform, and provides stable immobilization. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Software Visualizations to Analyze Memory Consumption: A Literature Review
Authors: Blanco Alison Fernandez , Bergel Alexandre , Alcocer Juan Pablo Sandoval 
Published: January 2022

Understanding and optimizing memory usage of software applications is a difficult task, usually involving the analysis of large amounts of memory-related complex data. Over the years, numerous software visualizations have been proposed to help developers analyze the memory usage information of their programs.This article reports a systematic literature review of published works centered on software visualizations for analyzing the memory consumption of programs. We have systematically selected 46 articles and categorized them based on the tasks supported, data collected, visualization techniques, evaluations conducted, and prototype availability. As a result, we introduce a taxonomy based on these five dimensions to identify the main challenges of visualizing memory consumption and opportunities for improvement. Despite the effort to evaluate visualizations, we also find that most articles lack evidence regarding how these visualizations perform in practice. We also highlight that few articles are available for developers willing to adopt a visualization for memory consumption analysis. Additionally, we describe a number of research areas that are worth exploring.
Mathematical Simulation and Numerical Computation of the Temperature Profiles in the Peripherals of Human Brain during the Tepid Sponge Treatment to Fever
Authors: Aijaz Mir , Dar Javid Gani , Almanjahie Ibrahim M. , Sajjad Irsa 
Published: January 2022

Background. Fever is one of the frequently occurring diseases in human beings, and the body is said to have befallen in fever if the arterial or internal body temperature rises to 38°C. The patient who suffers from fever is either given paracetamol or tepid sponging or both. Objective. This paper is aimed at studying the effects of the tepid sponge in normalizing the high temperature of the human body during fever. Among the various available methods for tepid sponging, the impact of holding a cool wet cloth on the forehead for reducing the fever is analyzed and pictured graphically. Method. For analyzing the effects of tepid sponge on the temperature distribution of the domain consisting of scalp, skull, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a cool wet cloth is brought in contact with the skin allowing the heat to transfer from the brain to the wet cloth through these layers. The heat transfer in living biological tissues is different from ordinary heat transfer in other nonliving materials. Therefore, a model based on the bioheat equation has been constructed. The model has been solved by numerical methods for both steady- and unsteady-state cases. The domain, which consists of the scalp, skull, and CSF layers of the human head, has been discretized into four equal parts along the axes of the three-dimensional coordinate system. The forward difference and forward time centered space approximations were employed for numerical temperature distribution results at the nodal points. Results. The effects of tepid sponge in reducing the body temperature with fever at 38°C, 39.5°C, and 41°C have been numerically calculated, and the results were pictured graphically. For transient cases, the corresponding calculations have been carried out at times

t
=
2

minutes

, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes. Conclusion. Among all the available remedies to fever, tepid sponging has shown a significant effect in controlling fever.
Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants and Risk of Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Miao Rujia , Li Jing , Meng Changjiang , Li Yalan , Tang Haibo , Wang Jie , Deng Peizhi , Lu Yao 
Published: January 2022

Background. Oxidative stress is crucial in stroke pathogenesis. Many cohort-based studies suggested that the intake of exogenous antioxidants originated from food may prevent stroke. However, the corresponding randomized controlled trials did not show diet-derived antioxidants have a protective effect on stroke. Objectives. To examine the association of genetically proxied diet-derived antioxidants with stroke risk using Mendelian randomization. Methods. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal effect of diet-derived antioxidants on stroke risk. For exposure data, we extracted genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) that are strongly associated with frequently used diet-derived antioxidants, including vitamin C, vitamin E (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol), carotene, retinol, zinc, and selenium, from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS). We obtained IVs’ corresponding effect estimates on the risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke from a GWAS meta-analysis with 40,585 cases and 406,111 controls. Finally, we applied five types of Mendelian randomization analysis to obtain preliminary MR results and performed four three kinds of sensitivity analysis to verify them. Results. According to the primary MR estimations and further sensitivity analyses, we established two robust associations after Bonferroni correction: genetically proxied circulating γ-tocopherol was causally associated with total stroke [

odds

ratio

OR

=
0.68

, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.52-0.88),

p
=
3.78
E
−
03

] and ischemic stroke [

OR
=
0.66

, 95% CI (0.51-0.86),

p
=
2.34
E
−
03

]. There was no evidence to support the causal effect of other diet-derived antioxidants on the risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke. Conclusion. Our study revealed a protective impact of genetic susceptibility to high circulating γ-tocopherol levels on stroke risk, providing new information on the potential therapeutic targets for primary stroke prevention.
VISUALIDADES NO ESPAÇO URBANO: ARTE E ENFRENTAMENTO À VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER
Authors: Alves Gabriela Santos , Valle Alice Soares do , Cavaca Sthefany Duhz , Pelisson Yvena Plotegher 
Published: January 2022

O enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher é um dos grandes desafios de nossa época. Se por um lado os casos de feminicídio, agressões e abusos têm hoje repercussão midiática expressivamente maior do que casos semelhantes tinham há uma década, por outro percebe-se que essa cobertura, em especial a jornalística, ainda investe na construção de um discurso expositivo, não problematizador e, em vários casos, culpabilizador sobre a mulher e a violência sofrida. Nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar a produção artística de mulheres na cidade de Vitória/ES que, na contra mão dessa construção midiática não problematizadora, propõem em seus trabalhos no espaço urbano da cidade, ações e reflexões que contribuem para o enfrentamento à violência de gênero na cidade.
Cinegrafistas: as lentes do telespectador
Authors: Santos Maria Zita Almeida Batista dos , Costa Rubens Ferreira 
Published: January 2022

Ao longo da história da televisão, pouco se fala a respeito do trabalho dos cinegrafistas e sua importância no ambiente jornalístico. O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o cotidiano dos cinegrafistas, sua relação com jornalistas e as dificuldades por não ser esta uma profissão reconhecida. A metodologia adotada deu-se através de entrevistas, pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva. As entrevistas foram realizadas com dois cinegrafistas, um da TV Paraíba, afiliada Rede Globo e um da TV Itararé, afiliada TV Cultura, em Campina Grande/PB, e com tempos de profissão distintos, para possibilitar a análise de diferentes percepções. Em nossas considerações, sugerimos que uma das soluções mais rápidas para sanar déficit e dificuldades no/do mercado seria inserir uma disciplina nessa linha, nos cursos superiores de Jornalismo.

Palavras-Chave: Cinegrafista. Televisão. Imagem. Telejornalismo.