bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition policy and black empowerment: South Africa’s path to inclusion
Authors: Mncube Liberty , Ratshisusu Hardin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The first democratic government of South Africa prioritized the transformation of society on a non-racial, democratic, and local foundation. The expectation was that all law in South Africa would contribute to, amongst other things, economic transformation and redress the imbalances created by past racial divisions, and more important foster the participation of the previously marginalized people to participate in the mainstream economy. The Competition Act is part of this fabric. In the twenty years that have passed, South Africa has become a leader in the developing world. This article provides a critical review of how competition law has pursued black empowerment with a particular focus on current challenges and opportunities.
Phylogeny of the Turkic Languages Inferred from Basic Vocabulary: Limitations of the Lexicostatistical Methods in an Intensive Contact Situation
Authors: Egorov Ilya M , Dybo Anna V , Kassian Alexei S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article provides an attempt to revise the phylogenetic structure of the Turkic family using a computational lexicostatistical approach. The methodological framework of the present research is characterized by the following features: (1) wordlists with strictly controlled semantics; (2) step-by-step reconstruction using Swadesh wordlists for proto-languages; (3) three stages of post-processing of the input data (analysis of root cognacy, elimination of derivational drift, and optimization of homoplasy); (4) application of several computational algorithms (Starling neighbor-joining, Bayesian MCMC, and maximum parsimony). The analysis provided confirms the status of Chuvash as the first outlier and suggests a subsequent multifurcation of Proto-Nuclear-Turkic into eight branches. The Siberian Turkic group is a purely areal unity, that is, Yakut-Dolgan, Tofa-Tuvinian, Khakas-Mrassu, Sarygh Yugur and Altai do not form a clade. Altai is grouped together with the Kipchak languages as a separate taxon; it does not show a particularly close relationship with Kirghiz, which belongs to another Kipchak subgroup. Karluk is a low-level taxon inside the Kipchak clade.
Exploration of the response of soil properties and plant species composition to centuries-old traditional meadow irrigation
Authors: Gerlach Rebekka , Buhk Constanze , Schirmel Jens , Jungkunst Hermann F 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOnly targeted and sustainable management will preserve extensively managed grasslands, one of Europe’s most species-rich habitats. Traditionally, largely abandoned irrigation might prove a sustainable management strategy, but the understanding of the interactions among irrigation, soil properties and plant species are low for a generally humid ecoregion. We aimed at advancing our understanding of plant ecology by disentangling plant community responses to traditional lowland meadow irrigation from traditionally low fertilization rates. We studied plant composition and diversity jointly with the underlying links to soil properties (Corg, total N, water holding capacity and mesofaunal activity) and soil nutrients (Nmin, P, K, Mg and B). In a field study, we compared 13 long-term traditionally irrigated and 13 non-irrigated (17 fertilized and 9 non-fertilized) meadows. We surveyed plant diversity, composition and soil nutrients as well as soil properties for 1 year assuming low annual variation. Irrigation and fertilization led to differences in soil properties and soil nutrients without impact on sheer plant species diversity but on plant species composition. Finer grain sizes due to siltation increased water holding capacity and nutrient storage. Hence, resource-acquisitive graminoid species had advantages in irrigated meadows. Thus, irrigation is not only a mean to preserve biodiversity of extensively used meadows of Central Europe but may prove a tool to differentiate between plant functional traits.
Should iterative spinal surgeries be performed? A case report
Authors: Ampat George , Rhodes Samantha J , Sims Jonathan MG , Wyman Emily 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The number of spinal surgeries performed is increasing. Along with this comes an increase in iterative surgeries. Each surgery that a patient undergoes has an increased risk of complication and a decreased success rate compared to the last. We present a case of a 51-year-old female who continues to experience debilitating low back pain following three double fusions performed over four years. The patient describes that she is in more pain now than before any previous surgical intervention. Following these surgeries, the patient has been forced to take early retirement, frequently uses a wheelchair and requires assistance with daily activities. The role of iterative surgery in healthcare needs to be re-assessed. The poor outcomes, especially following tertiary and quaternary surgery, question the use of iterative surgery entirely.
Multisite biologic tissue SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in kidney transplantation from a COVID-positive donor
Authors: Zhang Jared R , Kueht Michael , Lea A Scott , Stevenson Heather L , Gosnell Joseph , Ren Ping , Nielsen Marisa C , Miller Aaron , Mujtaba Muhammad , Fair Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With a high community transmission rate, SARS-CoV-2 has profoundly exacerbated the shortage of organs. Although the risk of donor-recipient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is anecdotally low, an organ-specific infection analysis of procured organs from SARS-CoV-2 positive donors has yet to be established. Using a combination of clinically available and research-only polymerase chain reaction methods, organ preservation fluid and renal parenchymal tissues were tested for SARS-CoV-2 from the kidney of a SARS-CoV-2-positive donor prior to transplantation. The recipient has remained SARS-CoV-2 negative and clinically well, with excellent graft function 120 days post-transplantation.
Hydrocele in the canal of nuck in a young female: a rare case report
Authors: Sood Rajan , Trivedi Sourabh , Tanwar Paran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a rare condition seen in younger females which is an extension of the peritoneum into the inguinal canal. Incomplete proximal obliteration and collection of serous fluid in the sac leads to the formation of a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. A 28-year-old woman presented with swelling in her right groin for 5 months of 6cm × 5 cm. Ultrasound revealed a well-defined tubular cystic structure, measuring 5 cm × 3.5 cm × 5 cm with a volume of 50–60 ml. The cyst was dissected and the neck of the sac was extended up to the deep ring. Clear fluid was found on opening the sac. Clinically, it appears either as a painless or a moderately painful fluctuant inguinal mass. Clinical findings alone do not help in diagnosing the disease. Treatment includes surgical excision of the mass but without puncturing it as aspiration is inadequate and results in recurrence.
LEAfing through literature: late embryogenesis abundant proteins coming of age—achievements and perspectives
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez Itzell E , Maruri-López Israel , Martinez-Martinez Coral , Janis Brett , Jiménez-Bremont Juan Francisco , Covarrubias Alejandra A , Menze Michael A , Graether Steffen P , Thalhammer Anja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo deal with increasingly severe periods of dehydration related to global climate change, it becomes increasingly important to understand the complex strategies many organisms have developed to cope with dehydration and desiccation. While it is undisputed that late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play a key role in the tolerance of plants and many anhydrobiotic organisms to water limitation, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the physiological roles of LEA proteins and discuss their potential molecular functions. As these are ultimately linked to conformational changes in the presence of binding partners, post-translational modifications, or water deprivation, we provide a detailed summary of current knowledge on the structure–function relationship of LEA proteins, including their disordered state in solution, coil to helix transitions, self-assembly, and their recently discovered ability to undergo liquid–liquid phase separation. We point out the promising potential of LEA proteins in biotechnological and agronomic applications, and summarize recent advances. We identify the most relevant open questions and discuss major challenges in establishing a solid understanding of how these intriguing molecules accomplish their tasks as cellular sentinels at the limits of surviving water scarcity.
A proposed alternative dynamical history for 2P/Encke that explains the taurid meteoroid complex
Authors: Egal A , Wiegert P , Brown P G 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The Taurid Meteoroid Complex (TMC) is a broad stream of meteoroids that produces several annual meteor showers on Earth. If the linkage between these showers and 2P/Encke is at the centre of most TMC models, the small size and low activity of the comet suggest that 2P/Encke is not the unique parent body of the Taurids. Here, we simulate the formation of the TMC from 2P/Encke and several NEAs. In total, we explored more than a hundred stream formation scenarios using clones of 2P/Encke. Each modelled stream was integrated and compared with present-day Taurid observations. As previously reported, we find that even slight variations of 2P/Encke’s orbit modifie considerably the characteristics of the simulated showers. Most of the comet’s clones, including the nominal one, appear to reproduce the radiant structure of the Taurid meteors but do not match the observed time and duration of the showers. However, the radiants and timing of most Taurid showers are well reproduced by a particular clone of the comet. Our analysis thus suggest that with this specific dynamical history, 2P/Encke is the sole parent of the four major TMC showers that have ages from 7 to 21 ka. Our modelling also predicts that the 2022 Taurid Resonant Swarm return will be comparable in strength to the 1998, 2005, and 2015 returns. While purely dynamical models of Encke’s orbit – limited by chaos – may fail to reveal the comet’s origin, its meteor showers may provide the trail of breadcrumbs needed to backtrack our way out of the labyrinth.
Inappropriate secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 despite hypophosphataemia with changes in bone turnover markers in a girl with systemic lupus erythematosus: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kawaguchi Tadayasu , Inamo Yasuji 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We report an 11-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who showed hypophosphataemia (1.7 mg/dl, normal range: 3.9–5.8 mg/dl), a decrease in the tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate/glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) (0.77 mg/dl, normal range: 3.4–5.6 mg/dl), and an elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) (circulating phosphate-regulatory hormone) concentration (FGF23: 282 pg/ml, normal range: &lt;52 pg/ml) at the onset. The patient was treated with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, oral prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, hydroxychloroquine, and phosphorus supplement. Serum FGF23 concentrations decreased to near the reference value at 5 months after the onset of SLE, and the TmP/GFR (4.61 mg/dl) simultaneously improved. The urinary deoxypyridinoline (bone resorption marker) concentration on admission (18.9 nmol/mmol creatinine, normal range: 75.4 ± 6.8 nmol/mmol creatinine) was greatly reduced, and the bone-type alkaline phosphatase (bone formation marker) concentration (30.6 µg/l, normal range: 58.6 ± 15.3 µg/l) was also reduced during the increase in FGF23 concentrations before steroid therapy was initiated. The reason for the inappropriate secretion of FGF23, despite hypophosphataemia, remains unknown. The findings in our case suggest that changes in bone turnover markers can occur in patients with SLE and excess inappropriate secretion of FGF23, despite severe and persistent hypophosphataemia.
The Impact of a Music Therapy Support Group on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Long-Term Caregivers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Denk Jennifer G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Family members caring for loved ones with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or dementia have described elevated levels of stress, anxiety, or depression. Studies have reported the effectiveness of support groups for caregivers in addressing these symptoms. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the impact of a music therapy support group on the perceived stress, anxiety, and depression of caregivers of loved ones with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or dementia. Four female adults (n = 62.50 years, SD = 14.15) participated in multiple music therapy support group sessions. Participants completed 3 visual analog scales rating perceived stress, anxiety, and depression at the beginning and end of each session. Results showed trends of stress, anxiety, and depression ratings decreasing from pre- to post-session in all but one session, in which pretest scores for depression were 0 and remained unchanged. Following the completion of the final music therapy support group, 2 participants engaged in a focus group which yielded 2 themes pertinent to the study purpose: receiving support from group members, and personal support strategies employed outside of the music therapy support group sessions. Focus group and pre- and post-session results support the potential benefit of a music therapy support group on acute feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression in long-term caregivers. Due to the low number of participants, these findings suggest that additional investigations are necessary to adequately establish the effectiveness of a music therapy support group for caregivers of loved ones with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or dementia.
KIT-Associated Familial GIST Syndrome: Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Implications for Risk Management
Authors: Brodey Alexandra , Kounnis Valentinos , Hawkes Lara , Jones Robin L , McVeigh Terri P , Cojocaru Elena 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare tumors, with a median age at diagnosis of 60 years. Familial GISTs are very rare and typically associated with earlier onset, with an average age at diagnosis of 48 years. To date, just over 50 familial cases associated with a germline variant KIT or PDGFRa genes have been published. Therefore, there are many challenges in managing these patients, including the timing of starting systemic treatment, considering that most patients have been asymptomatic for a long period before being diagnosed, as well as the choice of tyrosine kinase inhibitor and the plan for surveillance.
It is uncertain if early diagnosis through screening of asymptomatic individuals improves overall survival. Screening could start from the age of 18 years but may be considered at earlier ages depending on the underlying genotype and family history. The long-term benefit of early diagnosis or palliative/prophylactic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is unknown as there are no data available. Long-term side effects of treatment with imatinib are rare but well documented and could be damaging in patients who have no or minimal disease.
We present the case of a 53-year-old Caucasian patient who was diagnosed with multifocal GIST and subsequently found to be a carrier of a pathogenic germline KIT variant in exon 11. We discuss the implication of treatment and genetic testing in this case and in familial KIT associated GISTs.
Chloroplast Acetyltransferase GNAT2 is Involved in the Organization and Dynamics of Thylakoid Structure
Authors: Rantala Marjaana , Ivanauskaite Aiste , Laihonen Laura , Kanna Sai Divya , Ughy Bettina , Mulo Paula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigher plants acclimate to changes in light conditions by adjusting the thylakoid membrane ultrastructure. Additionally, excitation energy transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) is balanced in a process known as state transition. These modifications are mediated by reversible phosphorylation of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 proteins in different pools of light-harvesting complex (LHCII) trimers. Our recent study demonstrated that chloroplast acetyltransferase NUCLEAR SHUTTLE INTERACTING (NSI)/GNAT2 (general control non-repressible 5 (GCN5)-related N-acetyltransferase 2) is also needed for the regulation of light harvesting, evidenced by the inability of the gnat2 mutant to perform state transitions although there are no defects in LHCII phosphorylation. Here, we show that despite contrasting phosphorylation states of LHCII, grana packing in the gnat2 and state transition 7 (stn7) mutants possesses similar features, as the thylakoid structure of the mutants does not respond to the shift from darkness to light, which is in striking contrast to wild type (Wt). Circular dichroism and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses further revealed that the thylakoid protein complex organization of gnat2 and stn7 resembles each other, but differ from that of Wt. Also, the location of the phosphorylated Lhcb2 as well as the LHCII antenna within the thylakoid network in gnat2 mutant is different from that of Wt. In gnat2, the LHCII antenna remains largely in grana stacks, where the phosphorylated Lhcb2 is found in all LHCII trimer pools, including those associated with PSII. These results indicate that in addition to phosphorylation-mediated regulation through STN7, the GNAT2 enzyme is involved in the organization and dynamics of thylakoid structure, probably through the regulation of chloroplast protein acetylation.
Reducing Opioid Analgesic Prescribing in Dentistry Through Prescribing Defaults: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bachhuber Marcus A , Nash Denis , Southern William N , Heo Moonseong , Berger Matthew , Schepis Mark , Sugarman Olivia K , Cunningham Chinazo O 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of a uniform, reduced, default dispense quantity for new opioid analgesic prescriptions on the quantity of opioids prescribed in dentistry practices.MethodsWe conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial within a health system in the Bronx, NY, USA. We randomly assigned three dentistry sites to a 10-tablet default, a 5-tablet default, or no change (control). The primary outcome was the quantity of opioid analgesics prescribed in the new prescription. Secondary outcomes were opioid analgesic reorders and health service utilization within 30 days after the new prescription. We analyzed outcomes from 6 months before implementation through 18 months after implementation.ResultsOverall, 6,309 patients received a new prescription. Compared with the control site, patients at the 10-tablet-default site had a significantly larger change in prescriptions for 10 tablets or fewer (38.7 percentage points; confidence interval [CI]: 11.5 to 66.0), lower number of tablets prescribed (–3.3 tablets; CI: –5.9 to –0.7), and lower morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed (–14.1 MME; CI: –27.8 to –0.4), which persisted in the 30 days after the new prescription despite a higher percentage of reorders (3.3 percentage points; CI: 0.2 to 6.4). Compared with the control site, patients at the 5-tablet-default site did not have a significant difference in any outcomes except for a significantly higher percentage of reorders (2.6 percentage points; CI: 0.2 to 4.9).ConclusionsOur findings further support the efficacy of strategies that lower default dispense quantities, although they indicate that caution is warranted in the selection of the default.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.org ID: NCT03030469.
Unequal policy responsiveness in Spain
Authors: Lupu Noam , Tirado Castro Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Major theories of democratic representation posit that elected officials ought to reflect the preferences of their constituents and act accordingly. But a growing body of research finds that the preferences of the most affluent influence policy outcomes more than those of the least affluent. Yet, broad studies of unequal policy responsiveness have so far only examined Northern Europe and the USA. This biased sample limits our ability both to generalize about unequal responsiveness and to build theories about its causes. We address these limitations by studying Spain, which differs from prior cases in important ways. We collected data from Spanish mass surveys fielded over the period 1976–2016 and researched which of these policies were subsequently approved. We find consistent evidence that policy responsiveness in Spain is unequal. We also find that this pattern holds regardless of the ideology of the government and the type of policy, although with some variation.
Lipidomics of Cell Secretome Combined with the Study of Selected Bioactive Lipids in an In Vitro Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Casati Sara , Giannasi Chiara , Niada Stefania , Della Morte Elena , Orioli Marica , Brini Anna T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Analytical advancements in lipidomics have enabled large-scale investigations of lipid biology. Herein, we focused on four bioactive lipid families, namely polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines, and their involvement in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-related inflammatory scenario. Since MSC secretome may represent a valid therapeutic alternative, here, the complete secretome and its vesicular component from adipose- and bone marrow-derived MSC and dermal fibroblasts were characterized by targeted mass spectrometry lipidomics. The 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) and the palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), previously quantified in the MSC’s secretome, were further investigated by assessing hypothetical effects in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis (OA) based on human primary articular chondrocytes (CH) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). TNFα enhances the release of the inflammatory lipid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and an additional increment was observed when CH were treated with both TNFα and 2AG. In contrast, PEA downmodulates the PGE2 release to the levels of unstimulated CH suggesting a protective effect. TNFα also increases the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), in particular when combined with 2AG, while PEA partly blunts TNFα-induced COX2 expression. In addition, TNFα-stimulated CH produce significantly higher levels of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) both in the presence and in the absence of 2AG, and PEA was able to partially reduce NO release. Our results show a first partial lipidomic profile of MSC and DF secretome and suggest a possible implication of bioactive lipids in the OA scenario and in the future use of these cell-free products as innovative therapeutics.