bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conforming sliding mesh technique for an embedded‐hybridized discontinuous Galerkin discretization for fluid‐rigid body interaction
Authors: Horváth Tamás L. , Rhebergen Sander 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn previous work, we introduced a space‐time embedded‐hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on time‐dependent domains of which the motion of the domain is prescribed. This discretization is exactly mass conserving, locally momentum conserving, and energy‐stable. In this article, we extend this discretization to fluid‐rigid body interaction problems in which the motion of the fluid domain is not known a priori. To account for large rotational motion of the rigid body, we present a novel conforming space‐time sliding mesh technique. For this we introduce a local edge swapping algorithm such that the global mesh of a space‐time slab is one of only four different configurations. These configurations can be pre‐computed thereby reducing any costs associated with changing mesh connectivity. Furthermore, edge swapping occurs only within the space‐time slab between the discrete time‐levels; there is no edge swapping on spatial meshes and so there is no need to project the solution from one spatial mesh to another. We demonstrate the performance of the discretization on various numerical examples.
Development of a novel signature derived from single cell RNA‐sequencing for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dai Yibin , Wang Ziyu , Yan Enshi , Li Jin , Ge Han , Xiao Na , Cheng Jie , Diao Pengfei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) is considered as an adverse prognostic indicator for cancer patients. Preoperative knowledge of LNM is valuable for pretreatment decision making. Here, we sought to develop and validate an LNM signature for preoperative prediction of LNM in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsBy studying single cell RNA‐sequencing data (scRNA‐seq), differentially expressed mRNA were selected and analyzed through univariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to identify an LNM signature. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to establish an LNM nomogram incorporating LNM signature and T‐classification.ResultsThe LNM signature was significantly associated with lymph node status and prognosis. The LNM signature and LNM nomogram displayed a robust predictive effect.ConclusionOur study reveals that LNM signature is a powerful biomarker for preoperative prediction of LNM in patients with HNSCC, which may be effective to realize individualized outcome prediction.
Subcontracting sterile pediatric and adult chemotherapy preparations activity: A global risk analysis
Authors: Rousseau Julia , Zribi Kaouther , Cotteret Camille , Marcais Ambroise , Winter Sarah , Salguero‐Hernandez Gabriel , Cisternino Salvatore , Schlatter Joël 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe main purpose of this study was to carry out a global risk analysis (GRA) on the subcontracting circuit to determine and evaluate the risks linked to the future subcontracting process and to propose corrective actions for the most critical risks to ensure safety. This study must allow to conclude in an objective way to the feasibility or not of this project.MethodsA GRA was performed, conducted by a multidisciplinary working group that met in 20 meetings, corresponding to about 50 h of work.ResultsWe identified 92 scenarios: 13% of scenarios had an initial criticality C1, 40% C2, and 47% C3. The GRA shows that the riskiest scenarios concern the management, material, and equipment with IT system and logistics with transport. The working group identified 25 corrective actions. After implementing those actions, 85% of scenarios had residual criticality C1, 8.5% C2, and 6.5% had residual criticality C3. The working group chose that it was impossible to subcontract part of the activity.ConclusionThe GRA conducted in this study highlighted the risks related to outsourcing this activity, evaluated and prioritized them, and recommended corrective actions. Therefore, we conclude that subcontracting the totality of sterile preparations would be harmful to patient care quality and reactivity for vital medical emergencies, such as macrophage activation syndrome, preparation of clinical trials, graft rejection therapies, preparation of very short stability chemotherapy, and the pediatric graft conditioning chemotherapy.
Deterioration of bladder compliance after botulinum toxin A injection and discontinuation of medication for overactive bladder
Authors: Wada Naoki , Ishikawa Mayumi , Nagabuchi Masaya , Makino Shogo , Miyauchi Kotona , Abe Noriyuki , Kakizaki Hidehiro 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionWe report a case of deterioration of bladder compliance after botulinum toxin type A injection and discontinuation of medication for overactive bladder.Case presentationA female patient with overactive bladder in her sixties had been visiting our outpatient clinic regularly for 4 years. She had received posterolateral spondylus fusion twice, which resulted in a compression fracture. She had been receiving a combination therapy of anticholinergics and β3‐adrenoceptor agonist for the management of overactive bladder. She received botulinum toxin type A injection for refractory overactive bladder and discontinued medical treatment for overactive bladder. Three months after botulinum toxin type A injection, cystometry revealed the deterioration of bladder compliance. Renal dysfunction, hydronephrosis, and vesicoureteral reflux were shown. Renal function and hydronephrosis were improved after restarting anticholinergics and β3‐adrenoceptor agonist therapy and inserting a temporary transurethral catheter.ConclusionDeterioration of bladder compliance may occur after botulinum toxin type A injection and discontinuation of overactive bladder medication in some patients with underlying neurological disease.
Assessing efficacy and safety of replacement fluids in therapeutic plasma exchange: A systematic scoping review of outcome measures used
Authors: Kohli Ruchika , Geneen Louise J. , Brunskill Susan J. , Doree Carolyn , Estcourt Lise , Chee Stephan E. J. , Al‐Bader Raya , Sin Wing Y. C. , MacCallum Peter , Green Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic scoping review is to identify and categorize the outcome measures that have been reported in clinical studies, where therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used as an intervention in any clinical settings, excluding thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).MethodsWe searched electronic databases using a predefined search strategy from inception to October 9, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data.ResultsWe included 42 studies (37 RCTs and 5 prospective cohort studies) grouped into six main categories (neurology, immunology, renal, rheumatology, hematology, and dermatology). Primary outcomes were defined in eight studies (19%, 8/42) and were categorized as efficacy (five studies) or patient reported outcomes (three studies). A power calculation was reported in six studies (75%, 6/8): five neurology studies (mainly patient reported outcomes) and a single immunological study (efficacy outcome). Disease‐specific efficacy outcomes were dependent on the clinical setting of the population receiving TPE. Most of the trials (43%, 18/42) were undertaken in patients with neurology conditions where clear, disease‐specific, clinical outcome measures were used, including neurological disability scales (11/18, 61%), change in neurological examination (9/18, 50%), and functional improvement scores (7/18, 39%). For other conditions, the reporting of disease‐specific outcomes was poorly reported. Safety outcomes were mainly related to replacement fluid type rather than being disease‐specific. The most common outcome reported was hypotension (19%, 8/42), and this was primarily in patients exchanged with albumin.ConclusionFuture clinical studies to determine which fluid replacement option is most efficacious and safe should use disease‐specific outcomes, as a trial in one therapeutic area may not necessarily translate to another therapeutic area. Patient reported outcomes are not universally reported for all disease areas. Safety measures focused primarily on fluid safety.
Divergent Golgi trafficking limits B cell-mediated IgG sialylation
Authors: Glendenning Leandre M , Zhou Julie Y , Reynero Kalob M , Cobb Brian A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe degree of α2,6-linked sialylation on IgG glycans is associated with a variety of inflammatory conditions and is thought to drive IgG anti-inflammatory activity. Previous findings revealed that ablation of β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal1) in B cells failed to alter IgG sialylation in vivo, yet resulted in the loss of B cell surface α2,6 sialylation, suggesting divergent pathways for IgG and cell surface glycoprotein glycosylation and trafficking. Employing both B cell hybridomas and ex vivo murine B cells, we discovered that IgG was poorly sialylated by ST6Gal1 and highly core fucosylated by α1,6-fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8) in cell culture. In contrast, cell surface glycoproteins on IgG-producing cells showed the opposite pattern by flow cytometry, with high α2,6 sialylation and low α1,6 fucosylation. Paired studies further revealed that ex vivo B cell-produced IgG carried significantly less sialylation compared with IgG isolated from the plasma of matched animals, providing evidence that IgG sialylation increases after release in vivo. Finally, confocal analyses demonstrated that IgG poorly localized to subcellular compartments rich in sialylation and ST6Gal1, and strongly to regions rich in fucosylation and Fut8. These findings support a model in which IgG subcellular trafficking diverges from the canonical secretory pathway by promoting Fut8-mediated core fucosylation and limiting exposure to and modification by ST6Gal1, providing a mechanism for why B cell-expressed ST6Gal1 is dispensable for IgG sialylation in vivo.
A novel approach in the treatment of osteoarthritis: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Allium sativum microemulsion
Authors: Okur Mehmet Evren , Kolbaşı Bircan , Şahin Mustafa , Karadağ Ayşe Esra , Reis Rengin , Çağlar Emre Şefik , Kaplan Arife Ahsen , Sipahi Hande , Keskin İlknur , Demiralp Bahtiyar , Üstündağ Okur Neslihan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent kind of joint disease, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Allium sativum L. was used as a therapeutic agent in the microemulsion system against osteoarthritis due to allicin's high antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. HPLC was used to evaluate the chemical components of the Allium sativum methanol extract. Water‐in‐oil (w/o) type of microemulsions loaded with Allium sativum extract was produced. To create the microemulsions, a titration approach was employed. The microemulsions were prepared using isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil, Polysorbate 60, Sorbitan monolaurate 80 as surfactants, and Polyethylene glycol 400, ethanol as cosurfactants. The pH, droplet size, viscosity, polydispersity index values were measured to characterize of microemulsions. In addition, L929 healthy mouse fibroblasts and CHON‐001 healthy human cartilage fibroblast cells were tested for cytocompatibility in vitro. The therapeutic potential of Allium sativum microemulsion was investigated in rats that had osteoarthritis surgically simulated. HPLC analysis revealed a significant concentration of allicin in the extract. The titration approach was used to create an A. sativum microemulsion (AS) with a narrow droplet size and PDI range. In L929 and CHON‐001 cells, cytocompatibility experiments revealed that the maximum dosages of AS microemulsion 5% (v/v) exerted 93.41 ± 3.11% and 75.59 ±2.69% cell viabilities, respectively. Different concentrations of AS (1.25%, 2.5%, and 5% v/v) demonstrated cytoprotective efficacy against H2O2‐induced oxidative damage. When compared to the control group, in vivo investigations revealed fewer irregularities on the articular surface and typically arranged chondrocytes in the positive control and treated groups.
Weak isotopic fractionation of dissolved O2 during community respiration
Authors: Wurgaft Eyal , Musan Israela , Rivlin Tanya , Luz Boaz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe isotopic composition of dissolved O2 (δ18O) in aquatic environments is strongly affected by the preferential uptake of the lighter isotopologue during biological consumption processes. Numerous studies have shown that during incubation experiments, the isotopic effect of microorganism respiration (εorganism) is on the order of −20‰. However, studies of the co‐variations of O2 and δ18O in natural environments show considerably weaker in situ fractionation (εapp). A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that a significant fraction of the O2 consumption is diffusion‐limited. Although this is a generally accepted mechanism in sediments, it cannot explain the weak fractionations observed in mid‐ocean sites. Here, we analyze a time series of O2, δ18O, and auxiliary data from the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Although an incubation experiment showed strong fractionation against the heavy isotopologue (εorganism = −24.5‰), the in situ εapp was only −14‰ in deep water isolated from the photic zone. We show that this result requires an additional O2 consumption mechanism with weak fractionation, rather than mixing, and suggest that this mechanism is diffusion‐limited respiration into aggregates of organic material. We estimate that this mechanism could be responsible for 30% of the O2 consumption in the Gulf and suggest that it may also constitute a major O2 consumption pathway in the world's oceans.
Accelerated fatty acid composition MRI of epicardial adipose tissue: Development and application to eplerenone treatment in a mouse model of obesity‐induced coronary microvascular disease
Authors: Shah Soham A. , Echols John T. , Sun Changyu , Wolf Matthew J. , Epstein Frederick H. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo develop an accelerated MRI method to quantify the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) fatty acid composition (FAC) and test the hypothesis that eplerenone (EPL) shifts the EAT FAC toward unsaturation in obese mice.MethodsUndersampled multi‐echo gradient echo imaging employing a dictionary‐based compressed‐sensing reconstruction and iterative decomposition with echo asymmetry and least‐squares–based mapping (IDEAL) was developed, validated, and used to study EAT in obese mice scanned at 7T. Fully sampled and rate 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 undersampled image data were acquired, reconstructed, and assessed using RMSE and structural similarity (SSIM). Two groups of mice were studied: untreated (control, n = 10) and EPL‐treated (n = 10) mice fed a high‐fat high‐sucrose diet. MRI included imaging of EAT FAC, EAT volume, and myocardial perfusion reserve.ResultsRate 3 acceleration provided RMSE <5% and structural similarity >0.85 for FAC MRI. After 6 weeks of diet, EPL‐treated compared to untreated mice had a reduced EAT saturated fatty acid fraction (0.27 ± 0.09 vs. 0.39 ± 0.07, P < 0.05) and increased EAT unsaturation degree (4.37 ± 0.32 vs. 3.69 ± 0.58, P < 0.05). Also, EAT volume in EPL‐treated compared to untreated mice was reduced (8.1 ± 0.6 mg vs. 11.4 ± 0.7 mg, P < 0.01), and myocardial perfusion reserve was improved (1.83 ± 0.15 vs. 1.61 ± 0.17, P < 0.05).ConclusionRate 3 accelerated FAC MRI enabled accurate quantification of EAT FAC in mice. EPL treatment shifted the EAT FAC toward increased unsaturation and was associated with improvement of coronary microvascular function.
The psychosocial experiences of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal cancer patients following (chemo)radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Matthews Sara , Brett Jo , Ramluggun Pras , Watson Eila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe UK incidence of oropharyngeal cancer has risen sharply over the last 30 years with an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV) associated diagnoses, most prevalent in younger, working age populations. This meta‐ethnography explores the psychosocial needs of HPV+ve oropharyngeal cancer patients during early recovery following (chemo)radiotherapy.MethodsMeta‐ethnography methods were used, based on the approach of Noblit and Hare. Systematic searches for relevant qualitative studies were conducted in five electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane database) between 2010 and 2021, followed by citation searching.ResultsTwenty‐three papers exploring the psychosocial needs of HPV+ve oropharyngeal cancer patients after treatment were included. Findings were synthesised to develop five constructs: ‘gaps in continuity of support from healthcare professionals’ reflecting unmet needs; ‘changes to self‐identity’ revealing the comprehensive disruption of this disease and treatment; ‘unrealistic expectations of recovery’ highlighting the difficulty of preparing for the impact of treatment; ‘finding ways to cope’ describing the distinct complexity of this experience; and ‘adjusting to life after the end of treatment’ exploring how coping strategies helped patients to regain control of their lives.ConclusionsCompleting (chemo)radiotherapy signalled a transition from hospital‐based care to home‐based support, challenging patients to address the constructs identified. An unexpectedly difficult and complex recovery meant that despite a favourable prognosis, poor psychosocial well‐being may threaten a successful outcome. The provision of tailored support is essential to facilitate positive adjustment.
PcoB is a defense outer membrane protein that facilitates cellular uptake of copper
Authors: Li Ping , Nayeri Niloofar , Górecki Kamil , Becares Eva Ramos , Wang Kaituo , Mahato Dhani Ram , Andersson Magnus , Abeyrathna Sameera S. , Lindkvist‐Petersson Karin , Meloni Gabriele , Missel Julie Winkel , Gourdon Pontus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCopper (Cu) is one of the most abundant trace metals in all organisms, involved in a plethora of cellular processes. Yet elevated concentrations of the element are harmful, and interestingly prokaryotes are more sensitive for environmental Cu stress than humans. Various transport systems are present to maintain intracellular Cu homeostasis, including the prokaryotic plasmid‐encoded multiprotein pco operon, which is generally assigned as a defense mechanism against elevated Cu concentrations. Here we structurally and functionally characterize the outer membrane component of the Pco system, PcoB, recovering a 2.0 Å structure, revealing a classical β‐barrel architecture. Unexpectedly, we identify a large opening on the extracellular side, linked to a considerably electronegative funnel that becomes narrower towards the periplasm, defining an ion‐conducting pathway as also supported by metal binding quantification via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, the structure is partially obstructed towards the periplasmic side, and yet flux is permitted in the presence of a Cu gradient as shown by functional characterization in vitro. Complementary in vivo experiments demonstrate that isolated PcoB confers increased sensitivity towards Cu. Aggregated, our findings indicate that PcoB serves to permit Cu import. Thus, it is possible the Pco system physiologically accumulates Cu in the periplasm as a part of an unorthodox defense mechanism against metal stress. These results point to a previously unrecognized principle of maintaining Cu homeostasis and may as such also assist in the understanding and in efforts towards combatting bacterial infections of Pco‐harboring pathogens.
Oxidation of active cysteines mediates protein aggregation of S10R, the cataract‐associated mutant of mouse GammaB‐crystallin
Authors: Hou Wenjuan , Pande Ajay , Pande Jayanti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Ser10 to Arg mutation in mouse γB‐crystallin (MGB) has been associated with protein aggregation, dense nuclear opacity, and the degeneration of fiber cells in the lens core. Overexpression of the gap junction protein, connexin 46 (Cx46), was found to suppress the nuclear opacity and restore normal cell–cell contact. However, the molecular basis for the protein aggregation and related downstream effects were not evident from these studies. Here, we provide a comparison of the structures and solution properties of wild type MGB and the S10R mutant in vitro and show that, even though the mutation does not directly involve cysteine residues, some cysteines in the mutant protein are activated, leading to the enhanced formation of intermolecular disulfide‐crosslinked protein aggregates relative to the wild‐type. This occurs even as the protein structure is essentially unaltered. Thus, the primary event is enhanced protein aggregation due to the disulfide crosslinking of the mutant protein. We suggest that these aggregates eventually get deposited on fiber cell membranes. Since the gap junction protein, Cx46 is involved in the transport of reduced glutathione, we posit that these deposits interfere in Cx46‐mediated glutathione transport and facilitate the oxidative stress‐mediated downstream changes. Overexpression of Cx46 suppresses such oxidative aggregation. These studies provide a plausible explanation for the protein aggregation and other changes that accompany this mutation. If indeed cysteine oxidation is the primary event for protein aggregation also in vivo, then the S10R mutant mouse, which is currently available, could serve as a viable animal model for human age‐onset cataract.
Accident analysis based on systems thinking approach: Case study of “6·13” tank truck explosion in Wenling, China
Authors: Yang Peng , Zhang Lijing , Tao Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe problem China is currently facing is why accidents related to the road transportation of hazardous chemicals, with the same or similar causes, keep happening and why we do not seem able to learn from these events. Systems thinking is a discipline of seeing systems holistically, and it creates a clearer picture of the dynamic, systematic structures that have contributed to the occurrence of a major incident. The “6·13” tank truck explosion accident is considered to be the most serious accident in the development of the Chinese road transportation system of hazardous chemicals in the past 5 years. From the accident investigation report, the system elements were identified, and a causal loop diagram was developed based on the systems thinking archetype of “shifting the burden.” In this paper, we focused on two problem symptoms: “defective construction of anti‐collision guardrails” and the “unsafe behavior of speeding.” The causal loop diagram not only illustrated symptomatic solutions to the problem symptoms in the accident report, but also identified fundamental solutions. Most importantly, this research revealed how an underlying systemic structure ultimately resulted in a major accident. This knowledge is useful for developing prevention policies and industrial strategies and benefits the safety and sustainability of China's chemical industries.