bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of SNAI1 induces cellular plasticity in invasive triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Tsirigoti Chrysoula , Ali Mohamad Moustafa , Maturi Varun , Heldin Carl-Henrik , Moustakas Aristidis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe transcription factor SNAI1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and controls inter-tissue migration. High SNAI1 expression characterizes metastatic triple-negative breast carcinomas, and its knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 uncovered an epithelio-mesenchymal phenotype accompanied by reduced signaling by the cytokine TGFβ. The SNAI1 knockout cells exhibited plasticity in differentiation, drifting towards the luminal phenotype, gained stemness potential and could differentiate into acinar mammospheres in 3D culture. Loss of SNAI1 de-repressed the transcription factor FOXA1, a pioneering factor of mammary luminal progenitors. FOXA1 induced a specific gene program, including the androgen receptor (AR). Inhibiting AR via a specific antagonist regenerated the basal phenotype and blocked acinar differentiation. Thus, loss of SNAI1 in the context of triple-negative breast carcinoma cells promotes an intermediary luminal progenitor phenotype that gains differentiation plasticity based on the dual transcriptional action of FOXA1 and AR. This function of SNAI1 provides means to separate cell invasiveness from progenitor cell de-differentiation as independent cellular programs.
Observations of a Magellanic Corona
Authors: Krishnarao Dhanesh , Fox Andrew J. , D’Onghia Elena , Wakker Bart P. , Cashman Frances H. , Howk J. Christopher , Lucchini Scott , French David M. , Lehner Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are the closest massive satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. They are probably on their first passage on an infalling orbit towards our Galaxy1 and trace the continuing dynamics of the Local Group2. Recent measurements of a high mass for the LMC (Mhalo ≈ 1011.1–11.4 M⊙)3–6 imply that the LMC should host a Magellanic Corona: a collisionally ionized, warm-hot gaseous halo at the virial temperature (105.3–5.5 K) initially extending out to the virial radius (100–130 kiloparsecs (kpc)). Such a corona would have shaped the formation of the Magellanic Stream7, a tidal gas structure extending over 200° across the sky2,8,9 that is bringing in metal-poor gas to the Milky Way10. Here we show evidence for this Magellanic Corona with a potential direct detection in highly ionized oxygen (O+5) and indirectly by means of triply ionized carbon and silicon, seen in ultraviolet (UV) absorption towards background quasars. We find that the Magellanic Corona is part of a pervasive multiphase Magellanic circumgalactic medium (CGM) seen in many ionization states with a declining projected radial profile out to at least 35 kpc from the LMC and a total ionized CGM mass of log10(MH II,CGM/M⊙) ≈ 9.1 ± 0.2. The evidence for the Magellanic Corona is a crucial step forward in characterizing the Magellanic group and its nested evolution with the Local Group.
Universal control of a six-qubit quantum processor in silicon
Authors: Philips Stephan G. J. , Mądzik Mateusz T. , Amitonov Sergey V. , de Snoo Sander L. , Russ Maximilian , Kalhor Nima , Volk Christian , Lawrie William I. L. , Brousse Delphine , Tryputen Larysa , Wuetz Brian Paquelet , Sammak Amir , Veldhorst Menno , Scappucci Giordano , Vandersypen Lieven M. K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFuture quantum computers capable of solving relevant problems will require a large number of qubits that can be operated reliably1. However, the requirements of having a large qubit count and operating with high fidelity are typically conflicting. Spins in semiconductor quantum dots show long-term promise2,3but demonstrations so far use between one and four qubits and typically optimize the fidelity of either single- or two-qubit operations, or initialization and readout4–11. Here, we increase the number of qubits and simultaneously achieve respectable fidelities for universal operation, state preparation and measurement. We design, fabricate and operate a six-qubit processor with a focus on careful Hamiltonian engineering, on a high level of abstraction to program the quantum circuits, and on efficient background calibration, all of which are essential to achieve high fidelities on this extended system. State preparation combines initialization by measurement and real-time feedback with quantum-non-demolition measurements. These advances will enable testing of increasingly meaningful quantum protocols and constitute a major stepping stone towards large-scale quantum computers.
Galaxy clusters enveloped by vast volumes of relativistic electrons
Authors: Cuciti V. , de Gasperin F. , Brüggen M. , Vazza F. , Brunetti G. , Shimwell T. W. , Edler H. W. , van Weeren R. J. , Botteon A. , Cassano R. , Di Gennaro G. , Gastaldello F. , Drabent A. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Tasse C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe central regions of galaxy clusters are permeated by magnetic fields and filled with relativistic electrons1. When clusters merge, the magnetic fields are amplified and relativistic electrons are re-accelerated by turbulence in the intracluster medium2,3. These electrons reach energies of 1–10 GeV and, in the presence of magnetic fields, produce diffuse radio halos4 that typically cover an area of  around 1 Mpc2. Here we report observations of four clusters whose radio halos are embedded in much more extended, diffuse radio emission, filling a volume 30 times larger than that of radio halos. The emissivity in these larger features is about 20 times lower than the emissivity in radio halos. We conclude that relativistic electrons and magnetic fields extend far beyond radio halos, and that the physical conditions in the outer regions of the clusters are quite different from those in the radio halos.
Thalamus-driven functional populations in frontal cortex support decision-making
Authors: Yang Weiguo , Tipparaju Sri Laasya , Chen Guang , Li Nuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeurons in frontal cortex exhibit diverse selectivity representing sensory, motor and cognitive variables during decision-making. The neural circuit basis for this complex selectivity remains unclear. We examined activity mediating a tactile decision in mouse anterior lateral motor cortex in relation to the underlying circuits. Contrary to the notion of randomly mixed selectivity, an analysis of 20,000 neurons revealed organized activity coding behavior. Individual neurons exhibited prototypical response profiles that were repeatable across mice. Stimulus, choice and action were coded nonrandomly by distinct neuronal populations that could be delineated by their response profiles. We related distinct selectivity to long-range inputs from somatosensory cortex, contralateral anterior lateral motor cortex and thalamus. Each input connects to all functional populations but with differing strength. Task selectivity was more strongly dependent on thalamic inputs than cortico-cortical inputs. Our results suggest that the thalamus drives subnetworks within frontal cortex coding distinct features of decision-making.
Time-dependent exchange creates the time-frustrated state of matter
Authors: Valiulin V. E. , Chtchelkatchev N. M. , Mikheyenkov A. V. , Vinokur V. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagnetic systems governed by exchange interactions between magnetic moments harbor frustration that leads to ground state degeneracy and results in the new topological state often referred to as a frustrated state of matter (FSM). The frustration in the commonly discussed magnetic systems has a spatial origin. Here we demonstrate that an array of nanomagnets coupled by the real retarded exchange interactions develops a new state of matter, time frustrated matter (TFM). In a spin system with the time-dependent retarded exchange interaction, a single spin-flip influences other spins not instantly but after some delay. This implies that the sign of the exchange interaction changes, leading to either ferro- or antiferromagnetic interaction, depends on time. As a result, the system’s temporal evolution is essentially non-Markovian. The emerging competition between different magnetic orders leads to a new kind of time-core frustration. To establish this paradigmatic shift, we focus on the exemplary system, a granular multiferroic, where the exchange transferring medium has a pronounced frequency dispersion and hence develops the TFM.
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of sika deer antler using PacBio and Illumina sequencing
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Dong Yimeng , Xing Xiumei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntler is the fastest growing and ossifying tissue in animals and it is a valuable model for cartilage/bone development. To understand the molecular mechanisms of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of antlers, the PacBio Sequel II and Illumina sequencing technology were combined and used to investigate the mRNA expression profiles in antler tip, middle, and base at six different developmental stages, i.e., at 15th, 25th, 45th, 65th, 100th and 130th growth days. Consequently, we identified 24,856 genes (FPKM > 0.1), including 8778 novel genes. Besides, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a significant separation between the growth stage (25th, 45th and 65th days) and ossification stage (100th and 130th days). COL2A1 gene was significantly abundant in the growth stage, whereas S100A7, S100A12, S100A8, and WFDC18 genes were abundant at the ossification stage. Subsequently screened to 14,765 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), WGCNA and GO functional enrichment analyses revealed that genes related to cell division and chondrocyte differentiation were up-regulated, whereas those with steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathways were down-regulated at ossification stages. Additionally, 25 tumor suppressor genes and 11 oncogenes were identified and were predicted to interact with p53. Co-regulation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes is responsible for the special growth pattern of antlers. Together, we constructed the most complete sika deer antler transcriptome database so far. The database provides data support for subsequent studies on the molecular mechanism of sika deer antler chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
tDCS modulates speech perception and production in second language learners
Authors: Borodkin Katy , Gassner Tamar , Ershaid Hadeel , Amir Noam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate identification and pronunciation of nonnative speech sounds can be particularly challenging for adult language learners. The current study tested the effects of a brief musical training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on speech perception and production in a second language (L2). The sample comprised 36 native Hebrew speakers, aged 18–38, who studied English as L2 in a formal setting and had little musical training. Training encompassed musical perception tasks with feedback (i.e., timbre, duration, and tonal memory) and concurrent tDCS applied over the left posterior auditory-related cortex (including posterior superior temporal gyrus and planum temporale). Participants were randomly assigned to anodal or sham stimulation. Musical perception, L2 speech perception (measured by a categorical AXB discrimination task) and speech production (measured by a speech imitation task) were tested before and after training. There were no tDCS-dependent effects on musical perception post-training. However, only participants who received active stimulation showed increased accuracy of L2 phoneme discrimination and greater change in the acoustic properties of L2 speech sound production (i.e., second formant frequency in vowels and center of gravity in consonants). The results of this study suggest neuromodulation can facilitate the processing of nonnative speech sounds in adult learners.
Functional connectivity of brain networks with three monochromatic wavelengths: a pilot study using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Argilés Marc , Sunyer-Grau Bernat , Arteche-Fernandez Sílvia , Peña-Gómez Cleofé 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExposure to certain monochromatic wavelengths can affect non-visual brain regions. Growing research indicates that exposure to light can have a positive impact on health-related problems such as spring asthenia, circadian rhythm disruption, and even bipolar disorders and Alzheimer’s. However, the extent and location of changes in brain areas caused by exposure to monochromatic light remain largely unknown. This pilot study (N = 7) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance shows light-dependent functional connectivity patterns on brain networks. We demonstrated that 1 min of blue, green, or red light exposure modifies the functional connectivity (FC) of a broad range of visual and non-visual brain regions. Largely, we observed: (i) a global decrease in FC in all the networks but the salience network after blue light exposure, (ii) a global increase in FC after green light exposure, particularly noticeable in the left hemisphere, and (iii) a decrease in FC on attentional networks coupled with a FC increase in the default mode network after red light exposure. Each one of the FC patterns appears to be best arranged to perform better on tasks associated with specific cognitive domains. Results can be relevant for future research on the impact of light stimulation on brain function and in a variety of health disciplines.
Smart joints: auto-cleaning mechanism in the legs of beetles
Authors: Nadein Konstantin , Gorb Stanislav 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe auto-cleaning system in digging forelegs of the Congo rose chaferPachnoda marginatafemoro-tibial joint is described. The cleaning system consists of four subsystems: three external ones represented by microsetal pad, hairy brush and scraper and one internal one. They work proactively not only removing contaminants, but also preventing them from entering the joint. The principle of functioning of the cleaning system is based on the sliding of the contacting surfaces of the joint, equipped with hairs, bristles and scrapers. The mutual movement of such surfaces leads to the shift of contaminating particles and, ultimately, to their removal from surfaces of the joint. The key feature of the joint cleaning system is its complete autonomy, in which cleaning is performed constantly with each movement of the femoro-tibial joint without special actions required from the insect. The difference between the auto-cleaning system and self-cleaning and active grooming is also discussed.
The Grb2 splice variant, Grb3-3, is a negative regulator of RAS activation
Authors: Seiler Caroline , Stainthorp Amy K. , Ketchen Sophie , Jones Christopher M. , Marks Kate , Quirke Philip , Ladbury John E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractActivation of RAS is crucial in driving cellular outcomes including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis via the MAPK pathway. This is initiated on recruitment of Grb2, as part of a Grb2-Sos complex, to an up-regulated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), enabling subsequent interaction of Sos with the plasma membrane-localised RAS. Aberrant regulation at this convergence point for RTKs in MAPK signalling is a key driver of multiple cancers. Splicing of the GRB2 gene produces a deletion variant, Grb3-3, that is incapable of binding to RTKs. We show that, despite maintaining the ability to bind to Sos, the Grb3-3-Sos complex remains in the cytoplasm, unable to engage with RAS. Competition between Grb2 and Grb3-3 for binding to C-terminal proline-rich sequences on Sos modulates MAPK signalling. Additionally, we demonstrate that splicing is regulated by heterogenous nuclear riboproteins C1/C2, and that normal and malignant colon tissue show differential Grb3-3 expression.
A functional interaction between liprin-α1 and B56γ regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A supports tumor cell motility
Authors: Ripamonti Marta , Lamarca Andrea , Davey Norman E. , Tonoli Diletta , Surini Sara , de Curtis Ivan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScaffold liprin-α1 is required to assemble dynamic plasma membrane-associated platforms (PMAPs) at the front of migrating breast cancer cells, to promote protrusion and invasion. We show that the N-terminal region of liprin-α1 contains an LxxIxE motif interacting with B56 regulatory subunits of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The specific interaction of B56γ with liprin-α1 requires an intact motif, since two point mutations strongly reduce the interaction. B56γ mediates the interaction of liprin-α1 with the heterotrimeric PP2A holoenzyme. Most B56γ protein is recovered in the cytosolic fraction of invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, where B56γ is complexed with liprin-α1. While mutation of the short linear motif (SLiM) does not affect localization of liprin-α1 to PMAPs, localization of B56γ at these sites specifically requires liprin-α1. Silencing of B56γ or liprin-α1 inhibits to similar extent cell spreading on extracellular matrix, invasion, motility and lamellipodia dynamics in migrating MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that B56γ/PP2A is a novel component of the PMAPs machinery regulating tumor cell motility. In this direction, inhibition of cell spreading by silencing liprin-α1 is not rescued by expression of B56γ binding-defective liprin-α1 mutant. We propose that liprin-α1-mediated recruitment of PP2A via B56γ regulates cell motility by controlling protrusion in migrating MDA-MB-231 cells.
An Eu3+-functionalized metal–organic framework (Eu@Zn-MOF) for the highly sensitive detection of rotenone in serum
Authors: Jin Yingmin , Xu Xin , Ma Wanpeng , Yan Bing 
Published: September 2022

An Eu3+-functionalized hybrid material (Eu@Zn-MOF) is successfully prepared by the postmodification of Eu3+ ions on its free sulfonic groups. Eu@Zn-MOF can serve as a visual probe to specifically recognize and detect rotenone on the basis of fluorescence quenching effect.
Une étude exploratoire des besoins de formation de formateurs novices en simulation
Authors: Magnin François , Delacour Chloé 
Published: September 2022

Contexte : Au sein de la Haute École de santé de Fribourg (HEdS-FR), composante de la Haute École de Suisse occidentale, il n’est souvent pas possible former les formateurs novices en simulation dans les deux premières années suivant leur engagement. Le niveau de formation et d’expérience des nouveaux formateurs en soins infirmiers pour animer un débriefing post-simulation est très variable. L’enjeu est pourtant important, le débriefing post-simulation étant unanimement reconnu comme le moment où les apprentissages se réalisent et où se prépare leur transfert dans la pratique professionnelle/stage. But : Procéder à une étude exploratoire des besoins de formation des formateurs novices en simulation, en sollicitant leur sentiment de compétence, à partir d’une analyse de l’écart perçu entre leurs performances lors de la pratique du débriefing post-simulation en l’absence de formation spécifique et les performances souhaitées au regard des recommandations de bonnes pratiques en simulation en santé. Méthodes : Étude qualitative par entretiens individuels semi-dirigés de formateurs novices engagés à la HEdS-FR entre 2019 et 2020. Résultats : Cinq entretiens ont été réalisés. La comparaison des pratiques verbalisées lors des entretiens avec la grille Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) met en évidence des écarts au niveau du briefing, de l’analyse des performances des étudiants et des techniques d’animation et de questionnement. Les participants ont exprimé le désir d’être accompagné par des personnes expérimentées en débriefing et de disposer d’outils pour structurer le débriefing. Les critères qu’ils utilisent pour évaluer leurs débriefings et estimer leur sentiment de compétence sont proches de ceux de la grille DASH. Conclusion : La réponse aux besoins de formation des formateurs novices pourrait être un accompagnement spécifique par des experts, avec la grille DASH comme outil de référence pour les échanges, en plus d’être un outil d’autoévaluation.
Potentiale von und Empfehlungen zur Nutzung von GKV Routinedaten in
einer pandemischen Versorgungslage – Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt
egePan-Unimed des Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin (NUM)
Authors: Jacob Josephine , Walker Jochen , Swart Enno , Baum Fabian , Rößler Martin , Tesch Falko , Walther Felix , Wiegand Hauke Felix , Ihle Peter , Schmitt Jochen 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der COVID-19 Pandemie wurden zur Pandemiesteuerung und zur Evidenzgenerierung
für die Beantwortung drängender Fragen empirische
Datengrundlagen zu verschiedensten Fragestellungen benötigt, die mit
Hilfe von GKV Routinedaten generiert werden können. Im Rahmen des
Projektes egePan-Unimed des Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin (NUM) wurden
fünf pandemierelevante Fragestellungen mit GKV Routinedaten bearbeitet.
Untersucht wurden die Prävalenz und Relevanz von Risikofaktoren
für einen schweren COVID-19 Verlauf, die Hintergrundinzidenz der
Sinusvenenthrombose und Myokarditis, die Häufigkeit und
Ausprägung von Post COVID sowie die Versorgung von Personen mit
psychiatrischer Erkrankung. Auf Basis dieser Anwendungsfälle wurden
kontextspezifische Handlungsempfehlungen zur Nutzung von GKV Routinedaten
für zukünftige Pandemielagen abgeleitet. Diese umfassen
u. a. die Nutzung etablierter Kooperationspartnerschaften und
interdisziplinär zu besetzende Projektteams. Die datenschutzkonforme
Zusammenführung von Ergebnissen verschiedener Analysestellen wird durch
das (meta-analytische) Poolen aggregierter Routinedatenanalysen der
verschiedenen Datenhalter möglich. So können GKV Routinedaten
auch im Kontext der Pandemiesteuerung eine schnell verfügbare und valide
Datenquelle zur empirischen Begründung angemessener Public Health
Maßnahmen sein.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Two Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Lasiocarpine and Heliotrine in Rats
Authors: Lin Feifei , Zhao Lijuan , Wang Yingying , Ye Yang , Liu Jia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLasiocarpine (LAS) and heliotrine (HEL) are two different ester types of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs): open-chain diester and monoester. However, the pharmacokinetics of these two types of PAs in rats have not been reported. In the present study, two LC-MS/MS methods for determining LAS and HEL were established and validated. The methods exhibited good linearity, accuracy, and precision and were then applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. After intravenous administration to male rats at 1 mg/kg, the AUC0-t values of LAS and HEL were 336 ± 26 ng/mL × h and 170 ± 5 ng/mL × h. After oral administration at 10 mg/kg, the AUC0-t of LAS was much lower than that of HEL (18.2 ± 3.8 ng/mL × h vs. 396 ± 18 ng/mL × h), while the Cmax of LAS was lower than that of HEL (51.7 ± 22.5 ng/mL × h vs. 320 ± 26 ng/mL × h). The absolute oral bioavailability of LAS was 0.5%, which was significantly lower than that of HEL (23.3%). The results revealed that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of LAS differed from that of HEL.
Zur Wirkung der Diplomweiterbildung „Psychosoziale
Medizin“ (Psy1)
Authors: Wißgott Norbert 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie dient der Evaluation des Weiterbildungslehrganges
Psychosoziale Medizin (Psy1) der Österreichischen Ärztekammer
(ÖÄK).Dieser freiwillig zu absolvierende Lehrgang ist das erste Modul der drei Module
umfassenden Psy-Diplom-Weiterbildung für Ärzt*innen in
Österreich. Der Weiterbildungslehrgang steigert die
Reflexionsfähigkeit, die Beziehungskompetenz und die Selbstsicherheit
der teilnehmenden Ärzt*innen. Daraus resultiert die
Förderung der Vertrauenswürdigkeit, der
Kommunikationsfähigkeit, der Selbstwirksamkeit, der Gesundheitskompetenz
und die Erhöhung der Effektivität ärztlicher
Behandlungsangebote. Hinzu kommt der Erwerb burnoutprophylaktischer Kompetenz.
Die Psy1-Diplomweiterbildung ist als qualitätssichernde Maßnahme
in Bezug auf die ärztliche Handlungskompetenz zu bewerten. Die
Ergebnisse dieser Studie ermutigen zu weiterführenden Untersuchungen, in
welchen auch die Weiterbildungsmodule Psy2 und Psy3 miteinbezogen werden
können.