bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography complements conventional functional characterization of rituximab
Authors: Narvekar Aditya , Puranik Amita , Kulkarni Bhalchandra , Jagtap Dhanashree , Jain Ratnesh , Dandekar Prajakta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnalytical and functional characterization of batches of biologics/biosimilar products are imperative towards qualifying them for pre‐clinical and clinical investigations. Several orthogonal strategies are employed to characterize the functional attributes of these drugs. However, the use of conventional techniques for online monitoring of functional attributes is not feasible. Liquid chromatography is one of the crucial unit operations during the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. In this work, we have demonstrated the utility of FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography as an independent quantitative functional characterization tool. FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography aided in sequential elution of Rituximab glycoform mixtures, based on varying levels of galactosylation, and thereby the affinity for the receptor protein. The predominant glycans present in the three Rituximab glycoform mixture peaks were G0F, G1F, and G2F, respectively. Dissociation rate constants were derived from the chromatographic elution profiles by the peak profiling method, for the control and glucose stress conditions. The glucose stress conditions did not result in unfavorable binding kinetics of Rituximab and FcγRIIIA. The dissociation rate constants of the glycoform mixture 2, predominantly consisting of G1F, were similar to the dissociation rate constants obtained by surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, the glycosylation profiles obtained from chromatographic estimation can be corroborated with the ADCC activity. However, the ex vivo ADCC reporter assay indicated that there was an increase in the effector activity with increasing glucose stress. Thus, FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography permitted three independent assessments via a single analysis. Such approaches can be utilized as potential process analytical technology (PAT) tools in the biosimilar development process.
Immediate ridge reconstruction with a composite tuberosity graft after removal of failing implants
Authors: Pohl Snjezana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen a dental implant is discovered to be failing, the implant must be removed, resulting in a defect. Immediate reconstruction of the defect using an autogenous composite tuberosity graft has been reported following the removal of a single implant. Ridge reconstruction after the removal of more than one failing dental implant poses an even greater challenge, given the substantial loss of hard and soft tissue. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report to describe the use of an autogenous composite tuberosity graft for the reconstruction of hard and soft tissue for multiple sites.Methods and ResultsThree patients with failing implants and ridge defects received a composite tuberosity graft comprising the bone, periosteum, connective tissue, and epithelium of the maxillary tuberosity for simultaneous hard and soft tissue reconstruction. Bone from the maxillary tuberosity was positioned between the bony borders of the defect or fixed buccally to augment the ridge. Smaller bone pieces from the tuberosity were used to fill the gaps. The soft tissue portion of the graft was allowed to heal spontaneously, thus eliminating the need for further surgery to increase keratinized gingiva and vestibular depth. All sites recovered uneventfully, and the ridge dimensions were re‐established.ConclusionFor patients with sufficient tuberosity bone volume, using a one‐piece composite tuberosity bone graft appears to be a promising approach for rebuilding the ridge in a single surgery.Key pointsWhy are these cases new information?

Large hard and soft tissue defects are reconstructed immediately after the removal of one or more failed implants.
Keratinized gingival width and vestibular depth are improved.
What are the keys to the successful management of these cases?

Cone‐beam computed tomography for tuberosity and defect evaluation
Careful handling of tuberosity bone
Proper graft shaping
Composite tuberosity graft fixation
Fixed provisional prosthesis for grafted area protection
What are the key limitations to the success of these cases?

Unavailability of tuberosity
A technique‐sensitive approach
Catalytic Behavior and In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction of Promoted Iron Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Wen Ruoxi , Thiessen Johannes , Jess Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effects of structural promoters (ZnO, SiO2, and Al2O3) on the phase transformation during reduction and Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of a FeCuK catalyst were investigated by in situ X‐ray diffraction and the FTS catalytic performance was studied in a fixed‐bed reactor. The reduction follows the path of Fe2O3/K2Fe22O34 → Fe3O4 → α‐Fe. The addition of ZnO, SiO2, and Al2O3 delayed and prolonged the reduction. The iron carbides formed under reaction conditions were χ‐Fe5C2 and ε‐Fe2C. The presence of ZnO, SiO2, and Al2O3 favored the formation of χ‐Fe5C2. ε‐Fe2C is a more active phase. Besides, ε‐Fe2C seems to favor the formation of CO2 and C5+ and χ‐Fe5C2 benefits CH4 and C2–C4 products.
COxFixation to Elementary Building Blocks: Anaerobic Syngas Fermentation vs. Chemical Catalysis
Authors: Perret Lukas , Lacerda de Oliveira Campos Bruno , Herrera Delgado Karla , Zevaco Thomas A. , Neumann Anke , Sauer Jörg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysis and anaerobic syngas fermentation represent two different approaches for the conversion of synthesis gas into chemicals and fuels. This review provides a unique comparison of different reaction paths for the fixation of CO2, CO and H2into elementary building blocks such as methanol, acetic acid and ethanol. Operating conditions, reactor engineering, influence of gas impurities, yields, conversion efficiencies as well as downstream product recovery are compared. It was found that mass‐specific productivity ranges in the same order of magnitude for both technologies, while space‐time yield of heterogeneous catalysis is up to three orders of magnitude higher.
Named entities detection by beam search algorithm
Authors: Gholami‐Dastgerdi Pejman , Feizi‐Derakhshi Mohammad‐Reza , Forouzandeh Aynaz 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTNamed entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental process in NLP and a requirement for most processes. This article aims to identify the named entities in the context of social networks. For this purpose, the idea of segmenting text into suitable and unsuitable expressions for the named entities has been used. So the contribution of this article is to process informal text in the Persian language by the Beam search algorithm to detect named entities. Due to the reproductive nature of language, new words and names are always produced, and available NER systems are inefficient in detecting new entities. The other contribution of this article is to make it possible to recognize the emerging named entity by applying dynamic external knowledge. According to a sense of the lack of datasets in low‐resource languages, N‐Gram and Wikipedia anchor datasets have been prepared for Persian and deployed as external knowledge. Also, a corpus of named entities in Persian from the telegram dataset has been generated. Three native experts have done labeling of this corpus. Evaluation of these three experts and the proposed method shows that the result of the proposed method is acceptable compared to the result of a human‐to‐human also to other methods.
Empirical distribution function based dual use of auxiliary information for the improved estimation of finite population mean
Authors: Hussain Abid , Ullah Kalim , Cheema Salman A. , Ali Khan Akbar , Hussain Zawar 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis research primarily aims at the development of a new estimation scheme exploiting the argument of dual use of auxiliary information. The objectives are obtained by materializing the new family of estimators, where the dual use of Supplementary Information is substantiated with the launch of the empirical distribution function of the auxiliary variable. The comparative performance evaluation of the newly devised formation is enumerated with respect to the most efficient method, to the best of our knowledge till to date, of Haq et al. along with other promising families of Hussain and Haq and Grover and Kaur. The elaborative account of contemporary advents of the newly proposed family are documented throughout the article.
Robust U‐Net: Development of robust image enhancement model using modified U‐Net architecture
Authors: Bhavani Murapaka Dhanalakshmi , Murugan Raman , Goel Tripti 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe image dehazing stage is used significantly as a preprocessing step for various applications such as remote sensing and long range imaging and automatic driver assistance system. Images acquired under low illumination, fog and snow conditions frequently show qualities like low contrast and low brightness, which genuinely influence the enhanced abstract visualization on natural eyes and extraordinarily limit the exhibition of different machine vision frameworks. The images that are captured in low‐light or heavy fog might have salient features that cannot be extracted using standard computer vision systems. A good way to get the enhanced image is to determine the transmission map (haze density or low illumination parameters) of air‐light media from each pixel of the input image. In this article, an improved U‐Net architecture is proposed to enhance images and provide robust performance metrics against the existing methods. In this model, the pooling operations in generalized U‐Net architecture are replaced by discrete wavelet transform based on up and down samplings. An attention module is developed by fusing both up and down samples to identify the missing information of low‐level features in up‐samples. The proposed architecture for U‐Net tested with different datasets: See‐in‐the‐Dark (SID) dataset, Exclusively Dark Image Dataset (ExDark), Realistic Single Image Dehazing (RESIDE) dataset, and few real‐time images and achieves superior performance metrics in terms of PSNR, MSE, and SSI when compared to the other state‐of‐art methods.
Distributed, dynamic and trustworthy access control for telehealth systems
Authors: Zerga Hideyat , Amraoui Asma , Benmammar Badr 
Published: October 2022

SummaryWith its ability to “minimize human intervention when generating, exchanging and consuming data,” the Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly deployed in all sectors, in particular in the healthcare sector. With IoT, telehealth has become the new paradigm in healthcare, as it helps keep patients connected with wearable devices and other remote patient monitoring tools in order to help practitioners work more efficiently. However, telehealth implies that patients share their personal and physiological data remotely with the hospital staff, which can put the patient's privacy at risk. Thus, the establishment of access control is mandatory. Therefore, the objective of this article is to achieve a distributed and reliable access control for telehealth systems using smart contract‐enabled blockchain technology. To do so, we propose three different smart contract‐based access control approaches. We evaluate the three propositions and compare them with related work in terms of latency of access‐request response and gas consumption related to contract deployment, function execution and different responses, furthermore, we give a security analysis.
Single Crystal Growth of 4‐Aminobenzophenone (ABP) by Solution and Seeded Czochralski Pulling Techniques for Second Harmonic Generation Applications
Authors: Aruchamy Mythili , Karuppannan Srinivasan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHighly efficient 4‐aminobenzophenone (ABP) single crystals are grown from melt by employing the seeded Czochralski pulling technique for second harmonic generation (SHG) applications. The as‐grown seed crystals from solution with dominant (100) and (001) facets are utilized to trigger the directional solidification. For successive growth, initial measurements of the furnace temperature distribution, heat flow structure, and solidification temperature of ABP in correlation with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis are made. The controlled diffusion is ensured by monitoring the interfacial layer between the melt and the growing crystal and is maintained by optimizing the melt temperature and pulling and rotation rates. Color change of the melt due to thermal‐oxidation is prevented by appropriate control of the growth environment. A slow and steady growth rate affirms the good quality of the ABP single crystal. The anisotropic growth behavior of ABP from solution and melt is reported. Internal molecular structure, crystalline purity, molecular vibrational modes, optical transmission, and thermal behavior are studied using single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, UV–vis–NIR and DSC analyses. The obtained higher SHG efficiency of the grown ABP in comparison with that of the organic and inorganic standards urea and KDP reveals its suitability for SHG applications.
Human regulatory T cells locally differentiate and are functionally heterogeneous within the inflamed arthritic joint
Authors: Lutter Lisanne , van der Wal M Marlot , Brand Eelco C , Maschmeyer Patrick , Vastert Sebastiaan , Mashreghi Mir‐Farzin , van Loosdregt Jorg , van Wijk Femke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTregs are crucial for immune regulation, and environment‐driven adaptation of effector (e)Tregs is essential for local functioning. However, the extent of human Treg heterogeneity in inflammatory settings is unclear.MethodsWe combined single‐cell RNA‐ and TCR‐sequencing on Tregs derived from three to six patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to investigate the functional heterogeneity of human synovial fluid (SF)‐derived Tregs from inflamed joints. Confirmation and suppressive function of the identified Treg clusters was assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsFour Treg clusters were identified; incoming, activated eTregs with either a dominant suppressive or cytotoxic profile, and GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs. Pseudotime analysis showed differentiation towards either classical eTreg profiles or GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs supported by TCR data. Despite its most differentiated phenotype, GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs were shown to be suppressive. Furthermore, BATF was identified as an overarching eTreg regulator, with the novel Treg‐associated regulon BHLHE40 driving differentiation towards GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs, and JAZF1 towards classical eTregs.ConclusionOur study reveals a heterogeneous population of Tregs at the site of inflammation in JIA. SF Treg differentiate to a classical eTreg profile with a more dominant suppressive or cytotoxic profile that share a similar TCR repertoire, or towards GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs with a more distinct TCR repertoire. Genes characterising GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs were also mirrored in other T‐cell subsets in both the tumor and the autoimmune setting. Finally, the identified key regulators driving SF Treg adaptation may be interesting targets for autoimmunity or tumor interventions.
Stay in shape: Assessing the adaptive potential of shell morphology and its sensitivity to temperature in the invasive New Zealand mud snailPotamopyrgus antipodarumthrough phenotypic plasticity and natural selection in Europe
Authors: Männer Lisa , Mundinger Carolin , Haase Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change may force organisms to adapt genetically or plastically to new environmental conditions. Invasive species show remarkable potential for rapid adaptation. The ovoviviparous New Zealand mud snail (NZMS),Potamopyrgus antipodarum, has successfully established across Europe with two clonally reproducing mitochondrial lineages since its arrival in the first half of the 19th century. Its remarkable variation in shell morphology was shown to be fitness relevant. We investigated the effects of temperature on shell morphology across 11 populations from Germany and the Iberian Peninsula in a common garden across three temperatures. We analyzed size and shape using geometric morphometrics. For both, we compared reaction norms and estimated heritabilities. For size, the interaction of temperature and haplotype explained about 50% of the total variance. We also observed more genotype by environment interactions indicating a higher degree of population differentiation than in shape. Across the three temperatures, size followed the expectations of the temperature‐size rule, with individuals growing larger in cold environments. Changes in shape may have compensated for changes in size affecting space for brooding embryos. Heritability estimates were relatively high. As indicated by the very low coefficients of variation for clonal repeatability (CVA), they can probably not be compared in absolute terms. However, they showed some sensitivity to temperature, in haplotype t more so than in z, which was only found in Portugal. The lowCVAvalues indicate that genetic variation among European populations is still restricted with a low potential to react to selection. A considerable fraction of the genetic variation was due to differences between the clonal lineages. The NZMS has apparently not been long enough in Europe to accumulate significant genetic variation relevant for morphological adaptation. As temperature is obviously not the sole factor influencing shell morphology, their interaction will probably not be a factor limiting population persistence under a warming climate in Europe.
Sexual segregation occurs in bats within fragmented remnant woodlands in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Fialas Penelope C. , Gilmour Lia R. V. , Vickress Sophie , Underwood Emma , Williams Carol A. , Miller Helen , Lintott Paul R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpecies‐specific responses to landscape configuration and landscape composition have been studied extensively. However, little work has been done to compare intraspecific differences in habitat preferences. Bats have potential as good bioindicator taxa in woodland habitats. Therefore, studying sex differences in responses to woodland and the wider landscape can allow us to gain insight into the relative importance of these habitats for both bats and other taxa. In this study, we aimed to test the predictions that (i) habitat type and connectivity will influence the probability of recording female bats in woodlands and (ii) sex differences in response to habitat type and connectivity will be species‐specific. Bat capture data was collected in 206 woodlands over 3 years in England. The probability of detecting females relative to males was modeled in response to a range of woodland characteristics and landscape metrics for six bat species. We recorded sex differences in responses to landscape features in three species. We found a higher probability of capturing female Myotis nattereri in woodlands that were surrounded by a higher proportion of improved grasslands, whereas female Myotis mystacinus were less likely to be recorded in woodlands surrounded by semi‐natural vegetation. Female Plecotus auritus were more likely to be recorded in isolated woodlands with less connectivity to other woodlands and where agriculture dominated the surrounding landscape. Our findings indicate that sexual segregation occurs across several UK bat species in response to landscape connectivity and composition. Sexual segregation in response to landscape characteristics in bats should therefore be an important consideration in the management of fragmented agricultural landscapes.
Polyctenidae (Hemiptera: Cimicoidea) species in the Afrotropical region: Distribution, host specificity, and first insights to their molecular phylogeny
Authors: Szentiványi Tamara , Hornok Sándor , Kovács Áron B. , Takács Nóra , Gyuranecz Miklós , Markotter Wanda , Christe Philippe , Glaizot Olivier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolyctenidae bugs are rarely studied, hematophagous, and highly specialized ectoparasites of bats. There are only 32 described species worldwide, including six species in the Afrotropical region. Knowledge on these parasites is limited, and most studies are restricted to the New World polyctenid species. Here we report additional records of Adroctenes horvathi from Kenya and South Africa, as well as Hypoctenes faini from Rwanda. We present an updated list of published polyctenid records in the Afrotropical region indicating their host specificity and their geographical distribution. We report global infection patterns and sex ratio of polyctenids based on previously published data, including Old and New World species. Lastly, we demonstrate the first molecular phylogeny of Polyctenidae, showing their phylogenetic relationship with the closely related family Cimicidae.
Focal vs. fecal: Seasonal variation in the diet of wild vervet monkeys from observational and DNA metabarcoding data
Authors: Brun Loïc , Schneider Judith , Carrió Eduard Mas , Dongre Pooja , Taberlet Pierre , Waal van de , Fumagalli Luca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAssessing the diet of wild animals reveals valuable information about their ecology and trophic relationships that may help elucidate dynamic interactions in ecosystems and forecast responses to environmental changes. Advances in molecular biology provide valuable research tools in this field. However, comparative empirical research is still required to highlight strengths and potential biases of different approaches. Therefore, this study compares environmental DNA and observational methods for the same study population and sampling duration. We employed DNA metabarcoding assays targeting plant and arthropod diet items in 823 fecal samples collected over 12 months in a wild population of an omnivorous primate, the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). DNA metabarcoding data were subsequently compared to direct observations. We observed the same seasonal patterns of plant consumption with both methods; however, DNA metabarcoding showed considerably greater taxonomic coverage and resolution compared to observations, mostly due to the construction of a local plant DNA database. We found a strong effect of season on variation in plant consumption largely shaped by the dry and wet seasons. The seasonal effect on arthropod consumption was weaker, but feeding on arthropods was more frequent in spring and summer, showing overall that vervets adapt their diet according to available resources. The DNA metabarcoding assay outperformed also direct observations of arthropod consumption in both taxonomic coverage and resolution. Combining traditional techniques and DNA metabarcoding data can therefore not only provide enhanced assessments of complex diets and trophic interactions to the benefit of wildlife conservationists and managers but also opens new perspectives for behavioral ecologists studying whether diet variation in social species is induced by environmental differences or might reflect selective foraging behaviors.