bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality traits and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder among dental residents during COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Metz Margot , Whitehill Rachel , Alraqiq Hosam M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has presented mental health challenges among healthcare professionals, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Few studies have examined PTSD predictors in dental settings. This cross‐sectional study aimed to describe the relationship between personality traits and PTSD symptoms among US dental residents engaged in patient care during the pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was administered to residents in advanced education in general dentistry, dental anesthesia, general practice residency, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and pediatric dentistry programs between September 2020 and April 2021. The survey included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory, and the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Logistic regression models, analysis of variance, and Tukey tests were used to examine the association between variables and PTSD scores and assess differences in personality traits and PTSD by specialty.ResultsAmong 149 respondents (mean age = 29.9 ± 4.9 years; 57.0% female), 53.7% reported experiencing stress during the pandemic. Many residents (38.9%) were not aware of available mental health resources. A total of 17.4% of residents met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, but only 1.3% reported a previous PTSD diagnosis. The most significant predictors of PTSD were neuroticism (odds ratio = 2.90, p = 0.046) and stress unrelated to the resident's program role during the pandemic (odds ratio = 5.88, p = 0.02).ConclusionsPTSD symptoms were highly prevalent among dental residents, with stress and neuroticism being the most significant predictors.
Changes of cerebellar cortex in a valproic acid‐induced rat model of autism
Authors: Alpay Meltem , Yucel Ferruh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, 32 male Sprague–Dawley rats (8 for each group) were used in total to examine the effects of valproic acid on rat cerebellum. It was determined that the experimental group received valproic acid (600 mg/kg) on embryonic day 15 and postnatal day 11, whereas the control group was treated with saline on the same days. Moreover, on the postnatal 30th day, the cerebellums of all pups were removed and prepared for light and electron microscopy. The numerical density of granule cells in the cerebellum of experimental groups of rats increased, whereas the numerical density of Purkinje cells decreased. Furthermore, the granule cells had a smaller mean nuclear diameter in one of the experimental groups, while the Purkinje cells had in both experimental groups than those in the comparison group. Thus, the numerical density of synaptic disks and their mean diameter in the cerebellar granular layer of experimental groups were significantly decreased compared to the corresponding controls; also, the synapse‐to‐neurons ratio, a parameter indicating interneural connectivity, was the same. Consequently, it was seen that valproic acid administration to pups in prenatal or early postnatal days causes changes in number of neurons and synapses in the cerebellum of rats.
Air pollutant removal by four sidewalk tree species in the largest city in Taiwan
Authors: Ku Po‐Jung , Chang Chung‐Te , Jien Shih‐Hao , Hseu Zeng‐Yei , Lin Teng‐Chiu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAir pollutants pose risks to human health, especially in densely populated cities. We compared the interception of suspended particles and metal elements by four sidewalk tree species with different leaf surface wettability (based on contact angle), leaf area, and phenology in Taipei, Taiwan. Suspended particles were enriched 2.0‒2.5 times in throughfall relative to rainfall due to wash‐off of suspended particles deposited on leaf surfaces during rainless periods. The enrichment in throughfall was greater in tree species with larger leaf areas. Despite greater concentrations of suspended particles in rainfall during the low‐leaf‐area period, enrichment was greater in the high‐leaf‐area period, indicating that leaf area was a key factor affecting canopy interception of pollutants. Throughfall enrichment of suspended particles positively correlated with water quantity, indicating that air pollutants intercepted by tree canopies were not fully washed off by rainfall. Annually, ∼830 g of suspended particles were intercepted and washed off from one tree canopy, with a crown area of 42 m2. Scaling up, a rough estimate of 72.7 Mg of suspended particles were intercepted annually by the 90,000 sidewalk trees in Taipei City. Copper, chromium, and aluminum were enriched in throughfall compared with rainfall. However, lead was depleted in throughfall, indicating greater interception than wash‐off. Based on our results, leaf area and length of foliated period are key characteristics affecting canopy interception of particulate matter and associated metal elements, whereas leaf surface wettability is of secondary importance.
Synthesis and characterization of the novel heteroannulated chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and chromeno[2,3‐d][1,3]thiazolo[3,2‐a] pyrimidines
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2‐Amino‐6,8‐dibromo‐7‐hydroxychromone‐3‐carboxamide (2) was synthesized and utilized as synthetic intermediate for the synthesis of novel heteroannulated chromones namely chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and chromeno[2,3‐d][1,3]thiazolo [3,2‐a]pyrimidines. Condensation of carboxamide 2 with formic acid, acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, isonicotinic acid, diethyl carbonate, and carbon disulfide furnished the novel chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives, respectively. Reaction of 7,9‐dibromo‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐thioxo‐2H‐chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4,5(1H,3H)‐dione (8) with some bielectrophilic reagents afforded the first known chromeno[2,3‐d] [1, 3] thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines, respectively. Spectral and analytical data confirmed the structures of the new synthesized products.
The relationship between hard and soft tissue structures of the eye in extant lizards
Authors: Yamashita Momo , Tsuihiji Takanobu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe sizes of the eye structures, such as the lens diameter and the axial length, are important factors for the visual performance and are considered to be related to the mode of life. Although the size of these soft structures cannot be directly observed in fossil taxa, such information may be obtained from measuring size and morphology of the bony scleral ossicle ring, which is present in the eyes of extant saurospids, excluding crocodiles and snakes, and is variously preserved in fossil taxa. However, there have been only a few studies investigating the relationships between the size, the scleral ossicle ring, and soft structures of the eye. We investigated such relationships among the eye structures in extant Squamata, to establish the basis for inferring the size of the soft structures in the eye in fossil squamates. Three‐dimensional morphological data on the eye and head region of 59 lizard species covering most major clades were collected using micro‐computed tomography scanners. Strong correlations were found between the internal and external diameters of the scleral ossicle ring and soft structures. The tight correlations found here will allow reliable estimations of the sizes of soft structures and inferences on the visual performance and mode of life in fossil squamates, based on the diameters of their preserved scleral ossicle rings. Furthermore, the comparison of the allometric relationships between structures in squamates eyes with those in avian eyes suggest the possibility that the similarities of these structures closely reflect the mechanism of accommodation.
Dynamics of nasopharyngeal tract phageome and association with disease severity and age of patients during three waves of COVID‐19
Authors: Ferravante Carlo , Arslan‐Gatz Berin S. , Dell'Annunziata Federica , Palumbo Domenico , Lamberti Jessica , Alexandrova Elena , Di Rosa Domenico , Strianese Oriana , Giordano Alessandro , Palo Luigi , Giurato Giorgio , Salzano Francesco A. , Galdiero Massimiliano , Weisz Alessandro , Franci Gianluigi , Rizzo Francesca , Folliero Veronica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn December 2019, several patients were hospitalized and diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, which subsequently led to a global pandemic. To date, there are no studies evaluating the relationship between the respiratory phageome and the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The current study investigated the phageome profiles in the nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 55 patients during the three different waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in the Campania Region (Southern Italy). Data obtained from the taxonomic profiling show that phage families belonging to the order Caudovirales have a high abundance in the patient samples. Moreover, the severity of the COVID‐19 infection seems to be correlated with the phage abundance.
Where predatory and mainstream journals differ: A study of language and linguistics journals
Authors: Nejadghanbar Hassan , Hu Guangwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examined editorial differences between potential predatory and mainstream journals in the discipline of language and linguistics. A keyword search of the relevant journals on Beall's updated list of potential predatory journals led to a sample of 66 journals. An equal number of journals were selected from those indexed by Web of Science (WoS) via stratified random sampling. Analyses showed that the two groups of journals did not differ in terms of certain publication frequencies, mean number of annual articles, mention of peer review time, availability of the author guides and aims/scope sections, absence of editorial boards, mean number of editorial board numbers, article processing charge (APC) for open access, claimed indexation by ERIC and DOAJ and availability of ISSNs. However, these two groups of journals differed markedly in terms of contact information, years of editorial activity, certain publication frequencies, specialized focus, mention of acceptance rate, mean peer review time, claimed adoption of peer review, submission mode, listing of editors‐in‐chief, relevance of their expertise, mean number of editors, relevance of the editorial board members' expertise, mean APC, claimed indexation by Google Scholar/Scopus/WoS, reporting of fake impact factors, provision of Index Copernicus Value, claimed COPE membership, availability of ethical guidelines and various policies and existence of DOIs. These differences can be used as warning signs that a journal may not be legitimate.
Multiple Responsiveness of Polymer Actuators
Authors: Yang Ziyue , Huang Wei , Zhang Lidong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo improve photosensitivity of polymer materials, an effective protocol is to increase the content of photosensitive moieties. However, most of photosensitive units are toxic. The high content is not acceptable for real‐world applications. Therefore, achieving photosensitive polymers with low content of photosensitive moieties but maintaining their photosensitivity remains a challenge. Herein, a protocol is reported to address this challenge by combining photosensitive monomers with hygroscopic monomers, where the synergistic action of two types of functional moieties can improve the photosensitivity of polymer network. Upon exposure to light irradiation, the polymer can be driven by not only the structural isomerization of photosensitive units, but also the photothermal effects. This synergistic effect results in the polymer‐based soft actuators capable of showing rapid response to light even at the extremely‐low content of photosensitive moieties of 2.6 mol.%. Importantly, the combination of hygroscopic and photosensitive moieties provides polymer with multiple responsiveness including acidochromism, humidity responsiveness, photohardening, shape memory, photochromism, and in situ swelling, making it useful in sensing systems, information transmission, and artificial muscles.
A methodology to control numerical dissipation characteristics of velocity based time discontinuous Galerkin space‐time finite element method
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Fujisawa Kazunori , Murakami Akira , Sasakawa Shuto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDirect time integration schemes are an integral part of the FEM simulation of structural dynamics problems. Such schemes should be at least second‐order accurate, unconditionally stable, and numerically dissipates the high‐frequency components. To this end, this article develops a time integration scheme, called modified v‐ST/FEM, which is based on the time‐discontinuous Galerkin method. The proposed method employs an unsymmetric triangular bubble function for relating the displacement field to the velocity field. The modified v‐ST/FEM contains two‐parameter and for controlling the dissipation of high‐frequency components. A comprehensive study of the influence of and on the numerical performance of the proposed method is conducted. It is found that the error in the solution increases when the value of increases. However, for all practical purposes, has a negligible influence on the accuracy of the proposed method. The modified v‐ST/FEM is second‐order accurate for , and third‐order accurate for . The numerical efficacy of the modified v‐ST/FEM is demonstrated by solving some benchmark problems and comparing its result to those obtained by other popular methods such as Trapezoidal rule, HHT‐, and Bathe's scheme.
Ru/C‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Aqueous Glycolic Acid from Microalgae – Influence of pH and Biologically Relevant Additives
Authors: Harth Florian M. , Celis Joran , Taubert Anja , Rössler Sonja , Wagner Heiko , Goepel Michael , Wilhelm Christian , Gläser Roger 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEthylene glycol (EG) is obtained by a novel, two‐step approach combining a biotechnological and a heterogeneously catalyzed step. First, microalgae are cultivated to photobiocatalytically yield glycolic acid (GA) by means of photosynthesis from CO2 and water. GA is continuously excreted into the surrounding medium. In the second step, the GA‐containing algal medium is used as feedstock for catalytic reduction with H2 to EG over a Ru/C catalyst. The present study focuses on the conversion of an authentic algae‐derived GA solution. After identification of the key characteristics of the algal medium (compared to pure aqueous GA), the influence of pH, numerous salt additives, pH buffers and other relevant organic molecules on the catalytic GA reduction was investigated. Nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing organic molecules can strongly inhibit the reaction. Moreover, pH adjustment by acidification is required, for which H2SO4 is found most suitable. In combination with a modification of the biotechnological process to mitigate the use of inhibitory compounds, and after acidifying the algal medium, over Ru/C a EG yield of up to 21 % even at non‐optimized reaction conditions was achieved.
Development of Rapid and Facile Solid‐Phase Synthesis of PROTACs via a Variety of Binding Styles
Authors: Xu Hanqiao , Kurohara Takashi , Takano Reina , Yokoo Hidetomo , Shibata Norihito , Ohoka Nobumichi , Inoue Takao , Naito Mikihiko , Demizu Yosuke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOptimizing linker design is important for ensuring efficient degradation activity of proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Therefore, developing a straightforward synthetic approach that combines the protein‐of‐interest ligand (POI ligand) and the ligand for E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3 ligand) in various binding styles through a linker is essential for rapid PROTAC syntheses. Herein, a solid‐phase approach for convenient PROTAC synthesis is presented. We designed azide intermediates with different linker lengths to which the E3 ligand, pomalidomide, is attached and performed facile PROTACs synthesis by forming triazole, amide, and urea bonds from the intermediates.
Best practices and emerging trends in assessment of trauma in students with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Michna George A. , Trudel Sierra M. , Bray Melissa A. , Reinhardt Jessica , Dirsmith Jessica , Theodore Lea , Zhou Zheng , Patel Ishani , Jones Paul , Gilbert Matthew L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChildren and adolescents with autism have a higher likelihood of being exposed to bullying, abuse, and sexual assault which, through repeated exposure, has been demonstrated to impede academic, social, and physical functioning among this population. However, the complexity of unpacking the characteristics of autism and trauma can pose a challenge for school psychologists in using the most appropriate clinical method of intervention. This paper summarizes the co‐occurrence of autism and trauma in an effort to better inform practitioners and recommends the need for valid and reliable assessments that measure adverse experiences for children with autism. A practitioner assessment guide of childhood trauma and autism spectrum disorder is also provided to facilitate a comprehensive assessment process. We conclude that there is a pressing need for more research examining the relationship between autism and trauma by better understanding the relationship of these constructs, and for the development of more effective assessments to provide more evidence‐based interventions.
Correlations between objective and self‐reported step count adherence following total knee replacement: A longitudinal repeated‐measures cohort study
Authors: Duong Vicky , Dennis Simone , Ferreira Manuela L. , Nicolson Philippa , O’Connell Rachel , Robbins Sarah R. , Wang Xia , Hunter David J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how physically active individuals are following total knee replacement (TKR) and how accurately they self‐report their step count adherence compared to objective measure following TKR.MethodsObservational cohort study, nested within the PATHway randomised‐clinical trial. Participants (n = 102) who had recently undergone TKR were recruited for the main trial. Only participant data from the intervention group were used for this study (n = 51). Participants in the intervention group received an activity tracker to monitor their physical activity and fortnightly health‐coaching sessions for 3 months. Adherence was objectively measured as percentage of steps completed divided by the amount prescribed by the health coach. Participants were asked to self‐report their adherence on a 1–10 numerical rating scale during health coaching sessions.ResultsData from 44 participants were available, resulting in a total of 224 paired measurements. Participant step count increased over the first 8 weeks of follow‐up, and plateaued from 8 weeks onwards at approximately 7500 steps/day. About two‐thirds (65.8%) of participants accurately self‐reported their step count adherence up until 12 weeks, the remaining one‐third (34.2%) underestimated their adherence. Paired t‐tests demonstrated statistically significant differences between the paired measurements from weeks 2 to 10.DiscussionParticipants were generally active and completed the step goal most occasions. Two‐thirds accurately self‐reported their step goal adherence. Self‐reported measures should be combined with an objective measure of adherence for greater accuracy. A further understanding of how people engage with activity trackers can be used to promote behaviour change in physiotherapy‐led interventions.
Construction Building Materials as a Potential for Structural Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Basha Shaik Inayath , Shah Syed Shaheen , Ahmad Shamsad , Maslehuddin Mohammed , Al‐Zahrani Mesfer M. , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmerging demands to achieve zero carbon emissions and develop renewable energy resources necessitate the development of appropriate energy storage systems. To achieve this, several alternatives to conventional energy storage devices, such as Li‐ion batteries or capacitors to more sustainable and scalable energy storage systems, are being explored. Supercapacitors, possess unique characteristics that include high power, long life, and environmental‐friendly design. They may be used to bridge the energy‐power gap between typical capacitors and fuel cells/batteries. Recently, structural supercapacitors being capable of storing electrochemical energy besides bearing mechanical load have caught the attention of researchers. As such, efforts have been made worldwide to study both the fundamental and applied aspects of structural supercapacitors. Further, the possibility of using construction materials for interdisciplinary applications is being studied because they are relatively cheap and easily available. Thus, construction materials can be considered as potential candidates for the development of structural supercapacitors. Herein an overview on the use of construction materials, such as Portland cement concrete, geopolymer concrete, and bricks, as a component of structural supercapacitors has been presented.
Trans‐sinus fixation for correction of deviation of the gnathotheca in a hawk (Caracara plancus)
Authors: Marchio Maria Ângela Panelli , Magalhães Thaís Vendramini , Minto Bruno Watanabe , Dias Luís Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionFor birds of prey, the integrity of the beak is extremely important for defence, hygiene, socialization and especially, feeding. This paper describes successful trans‐sinus fixation of a lateral deviation of the mandible in a hawk (Caracara plancus).Case reportThe patient was presented with malnutrition and dehydration due to severe left lateral deviation of gnathotheca, with significant malocclusion. Fixation was performed with a 1.0‐mm pin and 0.4‐mm cerclage, applying contralateral traction to the deviation. The placement of the cerclage enabled full opening of the beak to allow feeding in the postoperative period. At 21 days after surgery, occlusion was perfect and the patient had recovered normal beak function. When clinical follow‐up indicated that the bird would be able to survive in the wild, it was released.ConclusionTrans‐sinus fixation was effective in correcting lateral deviation of the gnathotheca in a hawk (C. plancus).
Youth gamers and their collaborative 21st‐century leadership skills
Authors: Hewett Katherine J. E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVideo games are known to be engaging affinity spaces for youth gamers but how do they develop leadership skills? In order to explore a bridge between high school and college leadership competencies, it is beneficial to reflect on how they align with the collaborative leadership skills of classroom gamers. This article will explore how video games can be utilized to teach student leadership competencies (SLCs) and provide integration ideas for practitioners.
Who Defines Land Tenure Security? De Jure and De Facto Institutions
Authors: Robinson Brian E. , Diop Moustapha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany land tenure situations are not necessarily defined and adjudicated by governments, that is, at a statutory level. In some cases, these may be defined by a local community and be upheld and resolved locally. This chapter reviews how de jure land rights (those defined by law) and de facto land rights (the “on the ground” and sometimes implicit rights or management activities, sometimes referred to as customary or traditional rights) differ. We examine how land tenure insecurity can plague both these cases and argue that making de jure and de facto situations congruent is necessary for a path toward a more sustainable future.