bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming radio-resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via hypermethylation of PIK3C3 promoter region mediated by KDM5B loss
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Gu Min , Ju Yongjian , Zhou Juying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are inoperable because of old age or the advanced stage of the disease; thus radio- and chemotherapy are believed as the standard treatments for these patients. However, due to the radio-resistance of tumor cells that may develop during radiotherapy, results remain unsatisfactory. In this article, the possible relationship between the expression of lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) and ESCC radio-resistance is clarified, and the underlying mechanism is evaluated. Using the GSE75241 microarray, we identified KDM5B as a potential oncogene in ESCC. KDM5B was overexpressed in ESCC patients and cells. Inhibition of KDM5B enhanced the H3K4me3 methylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3) promoter and induced the expression of PIK3C3. Knockdown of KDM5B or overexpression of PIK3C3 in KYSE-150 and TE-10 cells promoted apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. Silencing of PIK3C3 attenuated the promoting effect of sh-KDM5B on the sensitivity of ESCC cells to radiotherapy. The inhibition of sh-KDM5B in radio-resistance of ESCC cells was also reproduced in vivo. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that reduced expression of KDM5B has a critical role in promoting ESCC radio-sensitivity by upregulating PIK3C3, suggesting KDM5B may function as an oncogene in ESCC.
Actualizing distributed knowledge in bounded groups
Authors: Solaki Anthia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe idealizations resulting from the use of Kripke semantics in Epistemic Logic are inherited by formalizations of group epistemic notions. For example, distributed knowledge is often taken to reflect the potential knowledge of a group: what agents would know if they had unbounded means of communication and deductive ability. However, this does not specify whether/how this potential can be actualized, especially since real people are not unbounded reasoners. Inspired by experiments on group reasoning, we identify two dimensions of actualizing distributed knowledge: communication and inference. We build a dynamic framework with effortful actions accounting for both, combining impossible-worlds semantics and action models, and we provide a method for extracting a sound and complete axiomatization.
Epidemiology and outcomes of invasive aspergillosis among pediatric immunocompromised patients: A 12-year single-center experience
Authors: Al Dhaheri Fatima , Lee Rose A , Sharma Tanvi S , Nakamura Mari M , Marty Francisco M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains a common cause of mortality in pediatric immunocompromised populations. Much of our knowledge of IA stems from adult literature. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of cases of proven or probable IA, defined according to the 2019 EORTC/MSG criteria, in patients with underlying immunocompromising conditions at Boston Children's Hospital from January 1, 2007 to January 1, 2019. We estimated survival curves over 12 weeks using the Kaplan-Meier method for all-cause mortality, and we used univariate Cox proportional hazards modeling to evaluate for mortality risk factors. We identified 59 cases, 29% with proven and 71% with probable IA. Pulmonary IA was the most common presentation (78%). The median age at diagnosis was 11 years (range, 0.5–28). Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was the most frequent predisposing underlying condition (41%). Among affected patients, 44.8% were neutropenic and 59.3% were lymphopenic at diagnosis. The 12-week all-cause mortality rate was 25.4%; HCT recipients comprised the majority of deaths (9/15) with a hazard ratio of 2.47 [95% CI, 0.87–6.95]. No patients with congenital immunodeficiencies (n = 8) died within 12 weeks of IA diagnosis. Other risk factors that were significantly associated with mortality included mechanical ventilation at diagnosis, intensive care unit stay, and lymphopenia; treatment with an Aspergillus-active azole was associated with decreased mortality.
In conclusion, our study found that in pediatric immunocompromised hosts, IA is associated with a high 12-week all-cause mortality rate, with a particular impact on the HCT population.

Lay abstract
This study explores the epidemiology, outcomes and predictors of mortality of invasive aspergillosis (IA) at a high-volume pediatric center for immunocompromised hosts. Much of our understanding of pediatric IA is extrapolated from the adult literature. Our study found that IA is associated with a high 12-week all-cause mortality rate, with a particular impact on the hematopoietic cell transplantation study cohort.
Chaotic star formation: error bars for the star formation efficiency and column density PDF
Authors: Jaffa S E , Dale J , Krause M , Clarke S D 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Simulations are very useful for testing our theoretical understanding of star formation by varying the initial conditions or treatment of various physical mechanisms. However, large well-resolved simulations including complex physics are computationally costly and therefore are normally only performed once. This leads to a crisis in modelling, because star formation is a chaotic system, where a small variation in initial conditions can be magnified to a large change in results. We create a suite of cluster-scale simulations with 30 different random realizations of the turbulent velocity field applied to the same initial conditions of an isolated spherical molecular cloud. We test commonly used metrics of star formation activity and cloud structure and measure the variance cause by this random variation in initial conditions to quantify the error that should be applied to single-realization simulations. We find that after 5 Myr the number of stars varies by 58 per cent of the mean, the star formation efficiency by 60 per cent of the mean, and the shape of the column density PDF by 7 per cent of the mean. We provide a standard deviation at different times that should be applied as an error margin on all single realization simulations to enable robust statistical comparison.
Laser guide star return-flux gain from frequency chirping
Authors: Hellemeier J , Enderlein M , Hager M , Bonaccini Calia D , Johnson R L , Lison F , Byrd M O , Kann L A , Centrone M , Hickson P 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Spectral hole burning reduces sodium laser guide star efficiency. Due to photon recoil, atoms that are initially resonant with the single-frequency laser get Doppler shifted out of resonance, which reduces the return flux. Frequency-chirped (also known as frequency-swept) continuous-wave lasers have the potential to mitigate the effect of spectral hole burning and even increase the laser guide star efficiency beyond the theoretical limit of a single-frequency laser. We investigate the return flux of frequency-chirped laser guide stars and its dependence on environmental and chirping parameters. On-sky measurements of a frequency-chirped, single-frequency laser guide star are performed at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma. A fast photon-counting receiver system is employed to resolve the return-flux response during laser frequency sweeps gaining insights into the population dynamics of the sodium layer. At a launched laser power of 16.5 W, we find a maximum gain in return flux of 22 per cent compared to a fixed-frequency laser at a chirping amplitude of the order of 150 MHz and a chirping rate of 0.8 MHz µs−1. Time-resolved measurements during the chirping period confirm our understanding of the population dynamics in the sodium layer. These are the first measurements of return-flux enhancement for laser guide stars excited by a single-frequency-chirped continuous-wave laser. For higher laser powers, the effectiveness of chirping is expected to increase, which could be highly beneficial for telescopes equipped with high-power laser guide star adaptive optics systems.
The effect of spin mismodelling on gravitational-wave measurements of the binary neutron star mass distribution
Authors: Biscoveanu Sylvia , Talbot Colm , Vitale Salvatore 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The binary neutron star (BNS) mass distribution measured with gravitational-wave observations has the potential to reveal information about the dense matter equation of state, supernova physics, the expansion rate of the Universe, and tests of general relativity. As most current gravitational-wave analyses measuring the BNS mass distribution do not simultaneously fit the spin distribution, the implied population-level spin distribution is the same as the spin prior applied when analysing individual sources. In this work, we demonstrate that introducing a mismatch between the implied and true BNS spin distributions can lead to biases in the inferred mass distribution. This is due to the strong correlations between the measurements of the mass ratio and spin components aligned with the orbital angular momentum for individual sources. We find that applying a low-spin prior that excludes the true spin magnitudes of some sources in the population leads to significantly overestimating the maximum neutron star mass and underestimating the minimum neutron star mass at the population level with as few as six BNS detections. The safest choice of spin prior that does not lead to biases in the inferred mass distribution is one that allows for high spin magnitudes and tilts misaligned with the orbital angular momentum.
Joint-Predominant Rheumatic Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Mullenix Cristina , Ballman Madison , Chen Haobin , Swift Shannon , McAdams Meredith J , Tsai Yo-Ting , Donahue Renee N , Poretta Trina , Gupta Sarthak , Loehrer Patrick J , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L , Rajan Arun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers. However, activation of the immune system can occasionally cause life-threatening toxicity involving critical organs. Induction of immune-mediated toxicity is a significant concern for patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) due to defects in immune tolerance. An increased risk of skeletal and cardiac muscle inflammation following treatment with ICIs is well recognized in patients with advanced TETs. However, uncommon musculoskeletal and rheumatic complications can also occur. The cases presented in this report highlight the spectrum of presentation of immune-mediated, joint-predominant musculoskeletal adverse events in patients with advanced TETs treated with ICIs, including polymyalgia rheumatica-like illness and inflammatory arthritis.
The Ethics of COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation: Don't Forget the Trade-Offs!
Authors: März Julian W , Molnar Anett , Holm Søren , Schlander Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The issue of COVID-19 vaccine allocation is still highly controversial on the international as well as on the national level (particularly in many low- and middle-income countries), and policy-makers worldwide struggle in striking a fair balance between different ethical principles of vaccine allocation, in particular maximum benefit, reciprocity, social justice and equal respect. Any political decision that implements these principles comes at a cost in terms of loss of lives and of loss of life years that could potentially have been prevented by a different vaccination strategy. This article illustrates these trade-offs using quantitative analysis and shows how this approach can contribute to providing a rational and transparent grounding of political decisions on COVID-19 vaccine allocation.
Dark radiation in spectator axion–gauge models
Authors: Kakizaki Mitsuru , Ogata Masahito , Seto Osamu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the framework of axion–gauge field models, primordial gravitational wave perturbations could be generated during the inflationary epoch from not only the quantum fluctuation of gravitons but also the dynamics of hidden gauge fields coupled with an axion field. We investigate the evolution of the axion and the gauge field of an additional hidden SU(2) gauge group and those energy densities during and after the inflation. We show that the extra radiation component of the hidden gauge bosons produced by the axion decay can be sizable in the cases where the gauge-field-sourced additional gravitational waves is subdominant. We point out that future measurements of the dark radiation energy, such as CMB-S4, can impose significant constraints on this cosmological scenario.
Carreau law for non-newtonian fluid flow through a thin porous media
Authors: Anguiano María , Bonnivard Matthieu , Suárez-Grau Francisco J 
Published: February 2022

Summary
We consider the flow of generalized Newtonian fluid through a thin porous media. The media under consideration is a bounded perforated three dimensional domain confined between two parallel plates, where the distance between the plates is described by a small parameter $\varepsilon$. The perforation consists in an array of solid cylinders, which connect the plates in perpendicular direction, with diameter of size $\varepsilon$ and distributed periodically with period $\varepsilon$. The flow is described by the three dimensional incompressible stationary Stokes system with a nonlinear viscosity following the Carreau law. We study the limit when the thickness tends to zero and prove that the averaged velocity satisfies a nonlinear two-dimensional homogenized law of Carreau type. We illustrate our homogenization result by numerical simulations showing the influence of the Carreau law on the behavior of the limit system, in the case where the flow is driven by a constant pressure gradient and for different geometries of perforations.
Meta-analytic activation maps can help identify affective processes captured by contrast-based task fMRI: the case of threat-related facial expressions
Authors: Kim M Justin , Knodt Annchen R , Hariri Ahmad R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is an effective method for capturing the distributed patterns of brain activity supporting discrete cognitive and affective processes. One opportunity presented by the resulting meta-analysis maps (MAMs) is as a reference for better understanding the nature of individual contrast maps (ICMs) derived from specific task fMRI data. Here, we compared MAMs from 148 neuroimaging studies representing emotion categories of fear, anger, disgust, happiness and sadness with ICMs from fearful &gt; neutral and angry &gt; neutral faces from an independent dataset of task fMRI (n = 1263). Analyses revealed that both fear and anger ICMs exhibited the greatest pattern similarity to fear MAMs. As the number of voxels included for the computation of pattern similarity became more selective, the specificity of MAM–ICM correspondence decreased. Notably, amygdala activity long considered critical for processing threat-related facial expressions was neither sufficient nor necessary for detecting MAM–ICM pattern similarity effects. Our analyses suggest that both fearful and angry facial expressions are best captured by distributed patterns of brain activity, a putative neural correlate of threat. More generally, our analyses demonstrate how MAMs can be leveraged to better understand affective processes captured by ICMs in task fMRI data.
Asymmetric Pericentrosomal CD133 Endosomes Induce the Unequal Autophagic Activity During Cytokinesis in CD133-Positive Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Izumi Hideki , Li Yuanyuan , Yasunami Michio , Sato Seiji , Mae Takao , Kaneko Yasuhiko , Nakagawara Akira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
CD133 is a transmembrane protein that mainly localizes to the plasma membrane in hematopoietic/neural stem cells and cancer stem cells. Although CD133 also localizes to the cytoplasm and is degraded through autophagy, the precise mechanisms responsible for the autophagic degradation of endosomal CD133 currently remain unknown. We demonstrated that endosomal CD133 has unique properties for cell homeostasis. Endosomal CD133 is degraded through p62/SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy. However, in low basal autophagic cells, such as SK-N-DZ and SH-SY5Y cells, endosomal CD133 accumulates at the pericentrosomal region and conversely suppresses autophagy. Endosomal CD133 also asymmetrically distributes to the pericentrosomal region and induces unequal autophagic activity between 2 daughter cells during cytokinesis in SK-N-DZ and TGW cells. In addition, the asymmetric distribution of pericentrosomal CD133 endosomes and nuclear β-catenin cooperatively suppresses autophagic activity against p62 in SK-N-DZ cells. Thus, the present study suggests that the asymmetric distribution of pericentrosomal CD133 endosomes induces the symmetry breaking of autophagic activity during cytokinesis in cooperation with nuclear β-catenin.
The Influence of Host Genotypes on the Endophytes in the Leaf Scar Tissues of Apple Trees and Correlation of the Endophytes with Apple Canker (Neonectria ditissima) Development
Authors: Papp-Rupar Matevz , Karlstrom Amanda , Passey Thomas , Deakin Greg , Xu Xiangming 
Published: February 2022

Bacterial and fungal endophytes may help their host in terms of improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and enhanced growth. European apple canker, caused by Neonectria ditissima, is widespread in apple-growing regions. Infection by N. ditissima occurs through artificial or natural wounds, including leaf scars, picking wounds, and pruning cuts. Using F1progeny trees in an experimental orchard derived from a cross between a canker-susceptible genotype and a canker-tolerant or -resistant genotype, we assessed both bacterial and fungal endophyte communities in apple leaf scars, and determined correlations of endophytes with canker development. All trees were artificially inoculated with an N. ditissima isolate postplanting. Specific components of apple endophytes as well as a number of individual fungal or bacterial groups in leaf scars were partially genetically controlled by host genotypes. Several bacterial groups were significantly correlated with canker-related traits, mostly positively associated with canker tolerance. A few fungal groups may facilitate canker development whereas others may compete with canker. However, most of these microbial groups could not be identified to the species level with confidence; even for those groups which could be assigned to the species level, there is insufficient knowledge about their ecological characteristics in relation to plants. The present results may be used to inform further research using biocontrol to manage N. ditissima and breeding for resistance.
Exposure to nanoparticles and occupational allergy
Authors: Di Gioacchino Mario , Di Giampaolo Luca , Mangifesta Rocco , Gangemi Sebastiano , Petrarca Claudia 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
To provide an update on the possible role of nanoparticles as sensitizing occupational agents and on the influence of nanoparticles-exposure on the appearance/exacerbation of occupational allergy.

Recent findings
Recent case reports, epidemiological studies, and experimental investigations in cellular and animal models demonstrated the potential for nanomaterials to favor/interfere with occupational allergy. First data are emerging on the sensitizing potential of nanoparticles that can act as haptens linking to proteins, with a formation of a ‘corona’. Nanoparticles with carrier protein become a complete antigen and induce specific immune response. Moreover, they act as adjuvant favoring sensitization to bound molecules. The disruption of the respiratory and skin barrier, the modulation of immune response toward Th1 or Th2 immune reaction and the interaction with immune effector cells (mast cells and eosinophil in particular) can explain the potential for nanoparticles to exacerbate pre-existing allergic conditions.

Summary
the exposure to nanoparticles represents a possible risk for occupational allergy both in the respiratory tract and in the skin. A deeper knowledge on the role of nanomaterials in the etiology/development of the allergic disease will allow to implement risk assessment and preventive measures for nanosafety in the contest of technological expansion.
MAP 65-is it enough?
Authors: Hu Yaqi , Lim Aaron 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to look at the current evidence on the consequences of intraoperative hypotension and discuss improvements that can be implemented for its prevention.

Recent findings
Literature continues to supply convincing evidence that even brief periods of intraoperative hypotension are associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. Recent randomized controlled trial showed intraoperative early use of vasopressor and maintaining blood pressure within tight ranges improves outcomes.

Summary
There should be a shift in paradigm in focusing on the prevention of intraoperative hypotension instead treatment. The suggested goals to help maintaining hemodynamic stability during anesthesia include ensure adequate blood pressure and flow; hypotension prevention; and ensure adequate anesthetic depth without overdose.
Clinical Efficacy of Perioperative Intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine Combined Infusion for Thyroidectomy
Authors: Guo Hao , Ao Tingting , Wang Jiagao , Zhang Xi , Zheng Junwei , Xiao Yun , Xue Rui , Kalika Prakash , Ran Ran 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with lidocaine intravenous infusion on relieving postoperative pain and improving recovery for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 138 patients undergoing thyroidectomy with general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups: lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 2 mg/kg/h infusion) in the group L, DEX (0.5 µg/kg) in the group D, lidocaine (same as the group L) with DEX (0.5 µg/kg) in the group L+D, and placebo as normal saline in the group C. All drugs were infused until the end of the surgery. The visual analog scale (VAS) scores of patients at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours following surgery, opioid requirement, propofol consumption, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, awaking time, hemodynamic variables, and any adverse effects were assessed.

Results:
Compared with the group C, the VAS scores in the group L+D were significantly lower until 8 hours after surgery (P<0.05), while the VAS scores were significantly decreased just until 4 hours in the group L and 1 hour in the group D after surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in opioid consumption between 4 groups. Propofol consumption in the group L+D was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the group C, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the group L+D was lower (P<0.05), and awaking time in the group L+D and the group L was shorter (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
DEX combined with lidocaine infusion can effectively attenuate the postoperative pain without any serious adverse events, which may improve postoperative recovery in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.