bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
effect of using various tea types on the characteristics of wong tea balinese tradisional beverage
Authors: Antarini Anak Agung Nanak , Agustini Ni Putu , Mataram I Komang Agusjaya 
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of various types of tea solutions on the characteristics of Wong Tea. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) of 4 treatments with various types of tea solutions with 4 replications. The results showed that there were significant differences in the organoleptic quality including the taste, aroma, and color of Wong tea. The results of the research on pH, total acid, alcohol content, and total soluble solid showed no significant difference. The pH of Wong tea ranged from pH 3.28 - pH 3.35, total soluble solid ranged from 13.90°Brix - 13.95°Brix, total acidity of Wong tea ranged from 1.58% - 1.72%. The alcohol content of Wong tea ranges from 0.33% - 0.41%. The results of this study also showed that there was a significant difference in antioxidant activity and phenol levels of Wong tea, i.e., the antioxidant capacity of Wong tea ranged from 6.50% - 7.30%. The components that act as antioxidants in Wong tea ingredients come from phenolic compounds. Phenol levels in Wong tea ranged from 125.80 mg% - 141.10 mg%.
Population Size Estimation From Capture-Recapture Studies Using shinyrecap: Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Graphical User Interface
Authors: McIntyre Anne F , Fellows Ian E , Gutreuter Steve , Hladik Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

Background
Population size estimates (PSE) provide critical information in determining resource allocation for HIV services geared toward those at high risk of HIV, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs. Capture-recapture (CRC) is often used to estimate the size of these often-hidden populations. Compared with the commonly used 2-source CRC, CRC relying on 3 (or more) samples (3S-CRC) can provide more robust PSE but involve far more complex statistical analysis.

Objective
This study aims to design and describe the Shiny application (shinyrecap), a user-friendly interface that can be used by field epidemiologists to produce PSE.

Methods
shinyrecap is built on the Shiny web application framework for R. This allows it to seamlessly integrate with the sophisticated CRC statistical packages (eg, Rcapture, dga, LCMCR). Additionally, the application may be accessed online or run locally on the user’s machine.

Results
The application enables users to engage in sample size calculation based on a simulation framework. It assists in the proper formatting of collected data by providing a tool to convert commonly used formats to that used by the analysis software. A wide variety of methodologies are supported by the analysis tool, including log-linear, Bayesian model averaging, and Bayesian latent class models. For each methodology, diagnostics and model checking interfaces are provided.

Conclusions
Through a use case, we demonstrated the broad utility of this powerful tool with 3S-CRC data to produce PSE for female sex workers in a subnational unit of a country in sub-Saharan Africa.
Pattern of Comorbidities and the Impact on Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 in Babel Governorate, Iraq, in 2020 (Preprint)
Authors: Hussein Alaa , Lami Faris 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Comorbidities pose a major clinical challenge to the care and treatment of patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of common comorbidities on the severity, outcome, and length of stay in the hospital for patients with COVID-19 in Babel Governorate, Iraq, in 2020.

METHODS

All laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the 2 COVID-19 hospitals in Babel Governorate from March through September 2020 were included. We developed a form to document sociodemographic data, clinical presentation, severity, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, and outcomes.

RESULTS

A total of 2574 patients were included; 1581 (61.4%) were men. The mean age was 48.7 (SD 16.4) years. There were 1212 (47.1%) severe cases and 489 (19%) critical cases. There were 1543 (59.9%) patients with no comorbidity, 536 (20.9%) patients with 1 comorbidity, and 495 (19.2%) patients with 2 or more comorbidities. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (643/1599, 25%), followed by hypertension (598/1599, 23.4%). The proportion of severe or critical cases among the patients with comorbidities was 84% (865/1031) compared to 54.1% (836/1543) among the patients with no comorbidity (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). About 12% (125/1031) of patients with comorbidities had a mean hospitalization time &gt;2 weeks compared to the 8% (123/1543) of patients with no comorbidity (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The case-fatality ratio was 26.4% (272/1031) in patients with comorbidities compared to 10.6% (163/1543) in patients with no comorbidity (<i>P</i>&lt;.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Comorbidity is a significant predictor of serious hospital course and fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Patients with comorbidities must be vigilant with preventive measures and should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination.

CLINICALTRIAL
The potential of polyphenols from natural ingredients against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review
Authors: Hendrayana Made Agus , I Made Jawi  , Dewa Made Sukrama  , Dewa Ngurah Suprapta  
Published: February 2022

All countries in the world are facing the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic which has resulted in various crises. To date, there is no effective treatment in controlling COVID-19. Many clinical trials of approved drugs against COVID-19 were conducted. However, the results were inconclusive, even severe adverse effects were reported. The new effective drugs are therefore urgently needed. Herbal medicines have been widely used by community to enhance the body immune system during COVID-19 pandemic. Polyphenols are large group of active compounds found in the natural ingredients. These compounds have been proven to have biological activity against various pathogen infections including viral infection. During COVID-19 pandemic, various polyphenol compounds from various medicinal plants have been investigated for their activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) both in silico and in vitro. Among the polyphenols investigated, some of them namely papyriflavonol, catechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, luteolin, quercetin, tangeretin, naringenin, herbacetin, emodin, eriodyctiol, fenoterol, baicalin, myricetin, quercetagetin exhibited strong activity against SARS-CoV-2. The possibilities of mechanism of actions as antiSARS-CoV-2 of these polyphenols were 1) bind to the N protein causing the inhibition of viral transcription and replication; 2) inhibit the binding of S protein to ACE2 receptors preventing the entry of the virus into the host cells; 3) inhibit 3CLpro function inhibiting the viral transcription and maturation; and 4) bind directly to the ACE2 receptor. In conclusion, some polyphenol compounds from nature ingredients are potential to develop to be future antiSARS-CoV-2. However, further the pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to strengthen existing evidence.
Application of solid lipid nanoparticles preparation in infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: Prastiwi Nenes , Ervina  , Lesbatta Kezia 
Published: February 2022

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) is a potential alternative method for drug delivery due to its good stability, low toxicity, can be modified and controlled in drug release, as well as can be produced on a large scale. The SLNs are composed of solid lipids stabilized by emulsifiers. The lipids used for SLN are physiological lipids that easily tolerated by the body. These characteristics make SLN as a potential delivery system that can increase the efficiency of an antibiotics preparation. The development of bacterial resistance to antibacterial has become serious health problems in infectious diseases. Solid lipid nanoparticles is a compelling choice as a drug delivery system that can reduce the problem of the bacterial resistance. This review discussed the role of SLN as a drug carrier system which includes the characteristics and structure of SLN, its pharmacokinetic properties, bacterial resistance mechanism, and SLN mechanism in reducing bacterial resistance.
The potential effect of natural compounds from Indonesian spices in alleviating inflammation due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a narrative review
Authors: Yuliana . 
Published: February 2022

COVID-19 causes increasing of inflammatory cytokines even cytokine storm in the severe condition. Enhance body immune system is one strategy against COVID-19. Spices in traditional Indonesian cuisine are believed as boost immunity. They contain active compounds such as curcumin, allicin, quercetin and capsaicin which can be used to alleviate inflammation. In this literature review, the potency of curcumin, allicin, quercetin, and capsaicin in alleviating inflammation due the COVID-19 was reported. Literatures were gathered from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar search engines. COVID-19 causes the increase of proinflammatory cytokine levels such as TNFα and IL-6. Curcumin, allicin, quercetin, and capsaicin regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These nutritional agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) showed inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote immune cell differentiation into anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Curcumin has an anti-inflammatory effect that can prevent pneumocytes, renal cells, and cardiomyocytes damages. Allicin and quercetin can decrease TNFα and IL-6 levels due to they can increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. In conclusion, curcumin, allicin, quercetin and capsaicin can enhance body immune system due to their anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokines expression. These spices could be used as adjuvant therapy to boost body immune system against COVID-19.
The comparison of colchicine and standard treatment in COVID-19 patients: A mini review
Authors: Kwok Yasmeen , Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih  , Woro Rukmi Pratiwi  
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020. There are several drugs used at different stages of the disease, but none seem to be completely effective. In the absence of any known therapy, many drugs have been tested, including colchicine. Colchicine differs from these other therapies in having pleiotropic mechanism of action, being less potent on any single target, and being an oral agent. It is also a better option since colchicine is not immunosuppressive, is not known to increase risk of infection, and is inexpensive. The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the role of colchicine in improving clinical outcome and reducing death rate of COVID-19 patients through literature mini-review. A mini-review, composed of previous RCTs comparing the use of colchicine in COVID-19 with standard care or placebo under the keyword “COVID-19”, “COVID”, “coronavirus”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “coronavirus disease”, “Colchicine”, “CAS 64-86-8”, “standard treatment”, “standard care”, “standard of care”, “common treatment”, “placebo”, “clinical improvement”, and “clinical response”. The addition of colchicine to standard treatment can be beneficial in treating COVID-19. Studies included showed that colchicine has significantly improved time to clinical deterioration compared to the control group. Colchicine reduced the length of hospitalization and the need for supplemental oxygen therapy. One of the included studies mentioned that in outpatient settings, colchicine can prevent hospitalization and even death. Colchicine can improve the clinical outcome on CRP levels, the number of patients that need mechanical ventilation, and death rate in COVID-19 patients. The addition of colchicine to standard treatment should be considered to prevent clinical deterioration and death. Colchicine reduces the number of adverse effects in COVID-19 patients except for gastrointestinal adverse effects, especially diarrhea, which is consistently more common in the colchicine groups.
Uma reflexão sobre a cidade dos piratas
Authors: Gordeeff Eliane M. 
Published: February 2022

Este artigo consiste em apresentar um estudo sobre o longa-metragem animado, A Cidade dos Piratas (2018), de Otto Guerra, que mescla a imagem real e a animada, com quatro intrincados eixos narrativos, e que se impõe como produto de uma sociedade, e sobre a qual reflete. No atual e conturbado momento em que se vive, se faz necessária uma reflexão sobre as nossas criações artísticas, como uma forma de compreendermos o que se passa, a fim de organizarmos um futuro. Para atingir tal entendimento, o texto se desenvolve com base nos estudos sociológicos da Arte, de Jean Duvignaud (1970), no conceito de Imaginarium Diegético (Gordeeff, 2018), e no conceito mitológico de “chaos”, construindo uma análise político-social, mas ao mesmo tempo, estético-narrativa desta obra-prima da animação brasileira. Este texto sintetiza as duas diferentes abordagens anteriores sobre o tema, apresentadas em dois eventos internacionais: no Congresso Internacional Sobre outras Obras (FBAUL-CIEBA) em Lisboa, Portugal, e no Animafest Scanner VII (Animafest Zagreb, World Festival of Animated Film), em Zagreb, Croácia, ambos em 2020.
Animação viral: memes podem estar controlando seu celular
Authors: Schlittler João Paulo Amaral , Carvalho de Oliveira Vitor 
Published: February 2022

Uma guerra animada se desenrola na palma das nossas mãos, o conflito pode ser visualizado nas diminutas telas dos celulares na forma GIFs animados - memes que invadem diariamente os aparelhos disseminando medo e hilaridades. Em termos técnicos e artísticos, estas mensagens digitais podem não ser consideradas uma forma de animação. Porém, independente do julgamento acerca de sua qualidade, essas imagens pulsam incessantemente diante de nossos olhos. A importância deste formato não deve ser menosprezada, a viralização de memes impactou dramaticamente o resultado da campanha presidencial de Jair Bolsonaro em 2018. Os tradicionais “santinhos” impressos durante a época das eleições, se tornaram imagens "fast food" manipuladas digitalmente, animadas de forma aleatória e distribuídas como GIFs nas redes sociais. O impacto dessa mídia pode ser, por um lado, catastrófico, mas por outro, esclarecedor. Nesta pesquisa, memes animados brasileiros são apresentados e discutidos, destacando a relevância dessa forma atual e influente de subcultura da animação.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Arlis Syamsu 
Published: February 2022

The contextual science learning strategy can be carried out to the optimum if supported by teachers” creativity and capability to make use of the students, their school, and its environment. The problem is whether teachers of students, learning science already have the capability to develop and implement a contextual learning strategy in their student. This paper is written for the purpose of increasing those teachers” knowledge and understanding of the aforesaid learning strategy in ordr that they can develop and to implement bit in their science classes. Being contextual, it is a strategy relating instructional content with real situations of the leaners and encouraging them to relate academic knowledge to its application in their lives as individuals and family or community members. Contextual learning has the following characteristics: 1) emphasizing problem solving, 2) recognizing that teaching and learning need to occur in multiple context, 3) assisting students in learning hoe to monitor their learning so that they become self-regulated learners, 4) anchoring teach ing in the diverse life context of students, 5) encouraging students to learn from from each other, and. 6) employing authentic assessment.
PENATAAN TAMAN BACAAN MASYARAKAT (TBM) SEBAGAI SARANA PEMBELAJARAN WARGA BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN NONFORMAL
Authors: Irmawita Irmawita 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh berbagai program pendidikan nonformal yang dilaksanakan di masyarakat seperti; program pendidikan keaksaraan fungsional, pendidikan kesetaraan, pendidikan kecakapan hidup dan pendidikan kepemudaan. Program pendidikan nonformal ini dilaksanakan oleh PKBM, SKB maupun LSM yang merupakan lembaga pendidikan nonformal. Mendukung pelaksanaan pendidikan nonformal ini disediakan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat(TBM). Taman Bacaan Masyarakat (TBM) merupakan perpustakaan masyarakat yang menyediakan koleksi bahan bacaan , dapat dimanfaatkan oleh warga belajar untuk meningkatkan pengetahuannya, tempat berdiskusi dan bertukar pikiran sesama warga belajar setelah membaca sumber bacaan. Bahan bacaan yang ada di TBM cendrung menyediakan koleksi bacaan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan belajar masyarakat seperti buku tentang pertanian, agama, penataan hidup rumah tangga dan sebagainya yang dapat menambah pengalaman tentang pekerjaan dan menata kehidupan dari warga belajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kota Padang , yang menjelaskan penataan TBM sebagai sarana pembelajaran warga belajar pendidikan nonformal, meliputi aspek pemilihan lokasi, pelaksanaan sosialisasi, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, penetapan waktu, pelaksanaan pengelolaan dan keadaan koleksi bahan bacaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan subjek penelitian warga belajar yang memanfaatkan sarana Taman Bacaan Masyarakat. Hasil penelitiannya adalah sebagian besar dari warga belajar menyatakan dari aspek pemilihan lokasi, pelaksanaan sosialisasi, ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, penempatan waktu, pelaksanaan pengelolaan dan keadaan koleksi bacaan sudah tertata dengan baik, dan taman bacaan masyarakat sudah difanfaatkan oleh warga belajar pendidikan nonformal sebagai pusat pembelajaran.
Remakes, actualizaciones y homenajes fílmicos en la obra cinematográfica de John Carpenter
Authors: Rodríguez de Austria Giménez de Aragón Alfonso M. , Iturbe Tolosa Andoni 
Published: February 2022

La obra audiovisual del director John Carpenter (Nueva York, 1948) está estrechamente relacionada con el concepto de remake. Perteneciente a la generación de directores promotora del “nuevo Hollywood”, que renovó el cine estadounidense en los años 70 desde el punto de vista estético y empresarial (muchos de ellos eran a la vez directores y productores, algo poco común en el Hollywood clásico), Carpenter se sirvió del cine clásico como fuente de inspiración, especialmente de la obra de su admirado Howard Hawks, al quien homenajea en varias ocasiones. Además de reelaborar obras clásicas, la propia obra de Carpenter ha sido fruto de reelaboraciones posteriores, estando él mismo en el equipo productor de algunos de los remakes de sus películas. El objetivo de presente artículo es analizar la obra de John Carpenter más relacionada con el concepto de remake, y situarla en el complejo universo de relaciones intertextuales creado por el autor y engrandecido por autores posteriores.
Most veterinarians treating exotic animals use formularies to select drug dosages without consistently checking their sources
Authors: Girolamo Nicola Di , Caron Marianne , Brandão João , Reynders Reint Meursinge 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess what information sources veterinarians use to select drug dosages for treating exotic animals and how they implement this information.

SAMPLE
936 veterinarians from Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas.

PROCEDURES
An anonymous, online survey was used to collect data on information sources used for dosage decisions by veterinarians treating exotic species. Logistic regression models were built to identify associations between individual characteristics and primary outcomes.

RESULTS
Respondents reported their single most common source for establishing drug dosages as formularies (682/936 [72.9%]), followed by scientific journals (96 [10.3%]), other textbooks (68 [7.3%]), colleagues (47 [5.0%]), or continuing education notes (38 [4.1%]). Over two-thirds of the respondents (645, 68.9%) consulted a specific exotic animal formulary for establishing drug dosages in most situations. Of the 936 respondents, 407 (43.5%) reported that they sometimes (318 [34.0%]) or never (89 [9.5%]) checked the source of a dosage in a textbook or a formulary, 503 (55.3%) reported that they sometimes (399 [42.6%]) or never (104 [11.1%]) searched the original publication on a dosage, and 486 (51.9%) reported that they would base their dosage decision on the abstract of an article if they had no access to the full-text. Several respondents’ reported characteristics were significant predictors of primary outcomes.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Considering our findings, we recommend authors of formularies and textbooks should focus on evidence-based information and state clearly when information is anecdotal. Tailored strategies to educate veterinarians treating exotic animals on the importance of primary sources are also recommended.
Percepção dos pais e responsáveis sobre o uso do canabidiol em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia
Authors: Araújo Claudirene Milagres , Almeida Flávia Andrade , Rio Maria Luísa do Espírito Del , Silva Priscila Aparecida Ferreira da , Ferreira Brisa Emanuelle Silva 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção dos pais ou responsáveis sobre o uso do Canabidiol em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, onde os sujeitos foram captados pela estratégia “bola de neve” através do WhatsApp e responderam a entrevista pelo Google Forms por meio de questionário semiestruturado. Para avaliar os conteúdos dos depoimentos foi realizada análise temática proposta por Bardin L (2011). Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 16 pais ou responsáveis. Segundo os sujeitos entrevistados, o Canabidiol pode atuar na melhora cognitiva, motora e melhor interação social o que proporciona melhora na qualidade de vida. Relatam também, alguns entraves na aquisição da substância como alto custo, dificuldades na importação e desconhecimento médico. Conclusão: Foi possível ter a percepção através do relato dos pais sobre a efetiva melhora através do uso do Canabidiol, mas o acesso ao medicamento ainda é um entrave. É de suma importância que o profissional enfermeiro se atualize em relação as possibilidades terapêuticas existentes para trabalhar junto aos pacientes e equipe multidisciplinar nos diversos níveis de atenção primário, secundário e terciário. Desta forma estudos com rigor metodológico devem ser conduzidos para apoiar a eficácia da utilização, verificar efeitos adversos, comprovando sua segurança.