bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off-Diagonal Estimates for Bilinear Commutators
Authors: Oikari Tuomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe find a minimal notion of non-degeneracy for bilinear singular integral operators T and identify testing conditions on the multiplying function b that characterize the Lp × Lq → Lr, $1<p,q<\infty $
1
<
p
,
q
<
∞
and $r>\frac {1}{2},$
r
>

1

2

,
boundedness of the bilinear commutator [b, T]1(f, g) = bT(f, g) − T(bf, g). Our arguments cover almost all arrangements of the integrability exponents p, q, r with a single open problem presented in the end. Additionally, the arguments extend to the multilinear setting.
Why kinship is progeneratively constrained: Extending anthropology
Authors: Wilson Robert A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe conceptualisation of kinship and its study remain contested within anthropology. This paper draws on recent cognitive science, developmental cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of science to offer a novel argument for a view of kinship as progeneratively or reproductively constrained. I shall argue that kinship involves a form ofextended cognitionthat incorporates progenerative facts, going on to show how the resulting articulation of kinship’s progenerative nature can be readily expressed by an influential conception of kinds, the homeostatic property cluster view. Identifying the distinctive role that our extended cognitive access to progenerative facts plays in kinship delivers an integrative, progenerativist view that avoids standard performativist criticisms of progenerativism as being ethnocentric, epistemically naïve, and reductive.
Objective assessment of laparoscopic targeting skills using a Short-Time Power of Difference (STPOD) method
Authors: Ohtake Shinji , Makiyama Kazuhide , Yamashita Daisuke , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Yao Masahiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To ensure that the use of surgical training tools results in improvement of surgical skills, it is necessary to be able to measure and assess surgeons’ skills. We established the Short-Time Power of Difference (STPOD) method as an evaluation tool for evaluating targeting technique. The STPOD method evaluates the distance from the actual movement of the forceps to the shortest linear path between two points in a short time period. We examined the effectiveness of the STPOD method as a new forceps kinematic analysis.

Methods
Six residents were categorized as novices and six urologists as experts. All participants performed box trainer training and LapPASS® Simulator training. During the procedure, objective scores (time, distance, and STPOD) were recorded. STPOD (Power) evaluated motion smoothness and STPOD (Stop) evaluated the stop time of the forceps.

Results
STPOD (Stop) on the right side of the experts was significantly lower than that of the novices in the box trainer. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the distances of left side and STPOD (Power) between the experts and the novices in the simulator. In the correlation of parameters between the box trainer and the simulator, time showed the strongest correlation, STPOD (Power) and distance showed a mild correlation.

Conclusion
We showed the construct validity of STPOD (Power) and STPOD (Stop) using both the box trainer and the simulator. This method is a good evaluation tool for assessing a physician’s skill; however, there are much more complex motions that are performed in actual surgery. Future studies are needed to focus on evaluation in an environment closer to actual surgery and comparing with other existing methods.
Circulating irisin levels in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a new bone damage index? A pilot study
Authors: Notaristefano Giovanna , Merola Annamaria , Scarinci Elisa , Ubaldi Nicolò , Ranalli Monia , Tropea Anna , Diterlizzi Alice , Fabozzi Simone Michele , Alesiani Ornella , Silvestrini Andrea , Mordente Alvaro , Capristo Esmeralda , Lanzone Antonio , Apa Rosanna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) could commonly have bone damage, often preceded by metabolic alterations due to a relative energy deficit state. To date, there are no markers capable of predicting osteopenia before it is manifested on DXA. Irisin is a myokine that promotes the differentiation of osteoblastic cells and appears to be inversely correlated with the incidence of bone fragility and fractures in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to measure irisin levels in FHA patients and to correlate it with bone density parameters.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with FHA and 19 matched controls underwent the same clinical and laboratory evaluation.

Results
Irisin and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in the case group than in healthy controls (2.03 ± 0.12 vs. 2.42 ± 0.09 p < 0.05 and 19.43 ± 2.26 vs. 22.72 ± 0.67 p < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, total body mass density (BMD g/cm2) was significantly lower in the case group than in the healthy controls (1.09 ± 0.08 vs. 1.14 ± 0.05, p < 0.05), without signs of osteopenia.

Conclusions
The FHA group showed lower irisin levels associated with significantly reduced BMD parameters that did not reach the severity of osteopenia. Therefore, we could speculate that irisin could predict DXA results in assessing modifications of body composition parameters. Future research is warranted to study these parameters in a larger population to confirm our results, so that irisin could be used as a predictor and screening method for bone deprivation. Furthermore, irisin is strictly related to energy metabolism and could be an indirect marker of nutritional status in FHA patients, identifying earlier states of energy deficit.
Novel Glyceryl Monostearate- and Polyethylene Glycol 6000-Based Ibuprofen Pellets Prepared by Hot-Melt Extrusion: Evaluation and Stability Assessment
Authors: El-Ashmawy Ahmed A. , Abdelfattah Fatma M. , Emara Laila H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To prepare stable sustained-release (SR) pellets, containing high ibuprofen (IBU) loading, by hot-melt extrusion (HME) technique using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS).

Methods
HME pellets (60% w/w IBU) were prepared using PEG 6000, GMS, and mixture of both polymers (1:1). Stability studies were performed under stress conditions (40 °C and relative humidity “RH” of 75%) for 6 months and at room temperature for 12 months. Fresh and stored IBU pellets were evaluated by drug content (HPLC), release rate study (USP apparatus IV), DSC, and XRD.

Results
HME succeeded to produce SR-IBU pellets with high drug loading. PEG 6000 gave higher IBU release rate and relatively unstable formula after storage. PEG 6000/GMS mixture gave prolonged IBU release up to 4 h with stable formula for 12 months at room temperature. While, IBU/GMS pellets gave SR profile up to 6 h and a stable formula under both testing conditions. These advantages of IBU/GMS pellets could be an excellent candidate for SR-IBU product. DSC and XRD analysis data (enthalpy and counts) for IBU and polymers gave a mirror image for IBU release profiles of the studied HME pellets, for both fresh and stored samples.

Conclusion
Stable SR-IBU/GMS HME pellets with high IBU loading (60% w/w) were successfully produced, for the first time, without any other excipients.
Design Principles for Shared Digital Twins in Distributed Systems
Authors: Haße Hendrik , van der Valk Hendrik , Möller Frederik , Otto Boris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital Twins offer considerable potential for cross-company networks. Recent research primarily focuses on using Digital Twins within the limits of a single organization. However, Shared Digital Twins extend application boundaries to cross-company utilization through their ability to act as a hub to share data. This results in the need to consider additional design dimensions which help practitioners design Digital Twins tailored for inter-company use. The article addresses precisely that issue as it investigates how Shared Digital Twins should be designed to achieve business success. For this purpose, the article proposes a set of design principles for Shared Digital Twins stemming from a qualitative interview study with 18 industry experts. The interview study is the primary data source for formulating and evaluating the design principles.
Monitoring network design with MLPG-TLBO hybrid model (case study Birjand, Iran)
Authors: Majidi Khalilabad Nahid , Mohtashami Ali , Khorashadizadeh Mahdi , Akbarpour Abolfazl 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the groundwater quantitative monitoring aimed to determine the factors affecting the aquifer behavior plays an important role in its regional management, studying the temporal and spatial groundwater level variations requires a comprehensive monitoring network. Effort has been made in this study to introduce a new linked simulation–optimization method, named MLPG-TLBO to quantitatively monitor the Birjand aquifer and determine the optimal points for piezometers. This model uses meshless local Petrov Galerkin (MLPF) method in the simulation part and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) method in the optimization part. The objective function, in this study, is to minimize the difference between the groundwater level observed in piezometers and obtained computationally by the model. Since this coupled model is independent from the meshing, it eliminates the mesh-dependent shortcomings and, hence, yields more accurate results. It has been calibrated and validated in previous Birjand area studies and has led to acceptable results. By implementing the model in Birjand aquifer, the optimal positions of ten piezometers were determined mostly in areas where the density of the extraction wells was lower. Finally, the RMSE of both MLPG-TLBO and FDM was obtained to be 0.334 m and 1.483 m for 10 optimal piezometers. The RMSE value for MLPG-TLBO has shown a 0.423 m reduction compared to its previous value. This difference is quite meaningful as it shows good performance of this method in designing an optimal network for the aquifer.
Analysis of institutional daily domestic water consumption dynamics due to COVID-19 pandemic, a case study of Adama Science and Technology University
Authors: Tesgera Segni Lemessa , Hailemariam Sissay Dechasa , Tucho Gemechis Guta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic outbreak is constantly changing the way of people’s life. To minimize or stop the transmission of the virus, several different measures have been taken by countries worldwide and including in Ethiopia. The World Health Organization (WHO), the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopian Public Health Institute recommended frequent hand wash with soap and water as one of the prevention measures for the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, the provision of water supply, sanitation, and hygiene is the main problem in developing countries. After the COVID-19 outbreak, the water related challenges exacerbated the situation before the pandemic existed. Accordingly, the additional supply of water is required to sufficiently provide water for hand wash. This paper mainly addresses how much additional water is required daily for domestic consumption after the coronavirus pandemic by educational institutions, Adama Science and Technology University as a case study. The data was collected with a questionnaire by the randomly selected respondents and analyzed by SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences).The analysis shown that the consumption of water has been changed after the Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic existed. The highest percentage of the responses to the questionnaire, more than 35% require water (2–5) liters per day and more than 60% of the respondents need additional water up to 5 L per day after the pandemic existed. Based on the analysis, total daily water use by the institute before the COVID-19 existed was 24.2 m3/day. These amounts of water not sufficiently satisfy the daily water requirements of the institution even before the pandemic. After the pandemic existed, the water consumption drastically increased to 29 m3/day. Furthermore, the study recommends the provision of additional water supply sources or water demand management to reduce the impact of the pandemic on water availability.
Impact of climate change on groundwater hydrology: a comprehensive review and current status of the Indian hydrogeology
Authors: Swain Sabyasachi , Taloor Ajay Kumar , Dhal Lingaraj , Sahoo Sashikanta , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGroundwater is the second largest store of freshwater in the world. The sustainability of the ecosystem is largely dependent on groundwater availability, and groundwater has already been under tremendous pressure to fulfill human needs owing to anthropogenic activities around various parts of the world. The footprints of human activities can be witnessed in terms of looming climate change, water pollution, and changes in available water resources. This paper provides a comprehensive view of the linkage between groundwater, climate system, and anthropogenic activities, with a focus on the Indian region. The significant prior works addressing the groundwater-induced response on the climatic system and the impacts of climate on groundwater through natural and human-instigated processes are reviewed. The condition of groundwater quality in India with respect to various physicochemical, heavy metal and biological contamination is discussed. The utility of remote sensing and GIS in groundwater-related studies is discussed, focusing on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) applications over the Indian region. GRACE-based estimates of terrestrial water storage have been instrumental in numerous groundwater studies in recent times. Based on the literature review, the sustainable practices adopted for optimum utilization of groundwater for different purposes and the possible groundwater-based adaptation strategies for climate change are also enunciated.
SLC26A9 deficiency causes gastric intraepithelial neoplasia in mice and aggressive gastric cancer in humans
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Li Taolang , Ma Zhiyuan , Riederer Brigitte , Yuan Dumin , Zhu Jiaxing , Li Yunhua , An Jiaxing , Wen Guorong , Jin Hai , Yang Xiao , Seidler Ursula , Tuo Biguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Solute carrier family 26 member (SLC26A9) is a Cl− uniporter with very high expression levels in the gastric mucosa. Here, we describe morphological and molecular alterations in gastric mucosa of slc26a9−/− mice and in selective parietal cell-deleted slc26a9fl/fl/Atp4b-Cre mice and correlate SLC26A9 expression levels with morphological and clinical parameters in a cohort of gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Methods
The expression patterns of genes related to transport and enzymatic function, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, barrier integrity, metaplasia and neoplasia development were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and RNA microarray analysis. SLC26A9 expression and cellular/clinical phenotypes were studied in primary human GC tissues and GC cell lines.

Results
We found that both complete and parietal cell-selective Slc26a9 deletion in mice caused spontaneous development of gastric premalignant and malignant lesions. Dysregulated differentiation of gastric stem cells in an inflammatory environment, activated Wnt signaling, cellular hyperproliferation, apoptosis inhibition and metaplasia were observed. Analysis of human gastric precancerous and cancerous tissues revealed that SLC26A9 expression progressively decreased from atrophic gastritis to GC, and that downregulation of SLC26A9 was correlated with patient survival. Exogenous expression of SLC26A9 in GC cells induced upregulation of the Cl−/HCO3− exchanger AE2, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and suppressed their proliferation, migration and invasion.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that SLC26A9 deletion in parietal cells is sufficient to trigger gastric metaplasia and the development of neoplastic lesions. In addition, we found that SLC26A9 expression decreases during human gastric carcinogenesis, and that exogenous SLC26A9 expression in GC cells reduces their malignant behavior.

Graphical abstract
ripple2vec: Node Embedding with Ripple Distance of Structures
Authors: Luo Jizhou , Xiao Song , Jiang Shouxu , Gao Hong , Xiao Yinuo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGraph is a generic model of various networks in real-world applications. And, graph embedding aims to represent nodes (edges or graphs) as low-dimensional vectors which can be fed into machine learning algorithms for downstream graph analysis tasks. However, existing random walk-based node embedding methods often map some nodes with (dis)similar local structures to (near) far vectors. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes to implement node embedding by constructing a context graph via a new defined ripple distance over ripple vectors, whose components are the hitting times of fully condensed neighborhoods and thus characterize their structures as pure quantities. The distance is able to capture the (dis)similarities of nodes’ local neighborhood structures and satisfies the triangular inequality. The neighbors of each node in the context graph are defined via the ripple distance, which makes the short random walks from a given node over the context graph only visit its similar nodes in the original graph. This property guarantees that the proposed method, named as$$\mathsf {ripple2vec}$$ripple2vec, is able to map (dis)similar nodes to (far) near vectors. Experimental results on real datasets, where labels are mainly related to nodes’ local structures, show that the results of$$\mathsf {ripple2vec}$$ripple2vecbehave better than those of state-of-the-art methods, in node clustering and node classification, and are competitive to other methods in link prediction.
Model Test on the Passive Failure of Slurry Shield Tunneling in Circular‐Gravel Stratum
Authors: Liu Dongshuang , Liu Xinrong , Han Yafeng , Xiong Fei , Liu Ronghan , Lin Chengqian , Deng Zhiyun , Xiao Yu , Luo Weibang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo study the passive failure behavior of slurry shield tunnels in the circular‐gravel stratum, a set of slurry shield test devices capable of cutter cutting and slurry automatic circulation is designed and developed. The effects of the cover‐span ratio on the evolution process of ground surface displacement, the distribution of earth pressure and the passive failure mode of the face are discussed. The results show that the ground surface is gradually uplifted with the increase of slurry chamber pressure, and the amount uplifted decreases with the increase of the cover‐span ratio. The earth pressure near the face during testing experienced the growth stage, the rapid decrease stage, and the stable stage. The passive failure of slurry shield face experiences excavation face stability stage, slurry film splitting stage and splitting through stage in sequence, and the ultimate supporting force of passive failure of excavation face increases with the increase of the cover‐span ratio. The essentially of the passive failure is a kind of slurry splitting phenomenon in which slurry splits the slurry film and then splits the soil layer. When a passive failure of the excavation face occurs, there is a mud channel formed by the slurry split stratum in front of the excavation face. When the cover‐span ratio is relatively small, the channel extends to the ground surface and forms a hole whose size is basically the same as the diameter of the shield. The hole morphology gradually changes from an ellipse to a circle with the increase of the cover‐span ratio.
Theoretical Solution and Applications of Ocean Bottom Pressure Induced by Seismic Waves at High Frequencies
Authors: Deng Han , An Chao , Cai Chen , Ren Hengxin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that the ocean‐bottom pressure associated with seismic seafloor motion is linearly proportional to the vertical seafloor acceleration, for frequencies much lower than the resonance frequency of water layer (c0/4h, c0 water sound speed, h water depth). In this article, we use realistic observations to verify a theoretical relation between the ocean‐bottom pressure and vertical acceleration up to the water resonance frequency. We then show two applications of the theoretical relation. First, the pressure amplitude recorded by differential pressure gauges is calibrated, and the calibration coefficient is found to vary by frequency. Second, Rayleigh wave phase velocity near the water resonance frequency can be calculated from recordings of pressure and vertical seafloor acceleration at a single station, which is useful to constrain the shallow Earth structure.
Temperature and Concentration Affect Particle Size Upon Sublimation of Saline Ice: Implications for Sea Salt Aerosol Production in Polar Regions
Authors: Závacká Kamila , Neděla Vilém , Olbert Martin , Tihlaříková Eva , Vetráková Ľubica , Yang Xin , Heger Dominik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing an environmental scanning electron microscope, we quantified for the first time aerosol‐sized salt particles formed during the sublimation of sea ice as a function of temperature and concentration. The sublimation temperature of the ice is a dominating physical factor to determine the size of the residua: Below −20°C, micron‐sized pieces of salt emerge, whereas above the temperature large chunks of salt are detected. Another such aspect influencing the distribution of sizes in salt particles is the concentration: Micron‐sized particles are observed exclusively at salinities below 3.5 psu, while below 0.085 psu particles with a median smaller than 6 μm arise from sea ices at any subzero temperature. Moreover, when a chunk of salt sublimes at less than −30°C to be dried and warmed later, a large number of sub‐micron crystals will appear. We relate our findings to the production of the polar atmospheric sea salt aerosols.
Multi‐Stroke Positive Cloud‐To‐Ground Lightning Sharing the Same Channel Observed With a VHF Broadband Interferometer
Authors: Urbani M. , Montanyá J. , van der Velde O. A. , Arcanjo M. , López J. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work presents the first observation of a multi‐stroke positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash sharing the same channel to ground mapped with a very high frequency broadband interferometer and a Lightning Mapping Array. This type of lightning flash is very rarely observed, and it is currently unclear how frequent it is and even under what conditions it occurs. Our observations indicate a scenario where the first downward positive leader initiates from a decayed negative channel. After the first return stroke, some of the main negative channel branches stop propagating and are likely cut off. A fast recoil leader and/or a fast breakdown play a crucial role in reconnecting these previously decayed leader channels and initiating the subsequent positive stroke. The mechanism we propose to describe the phenomenon allows us to explain its rarity and the discrete positive charge transfer to the ground.