bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gunshots through laminated glass: expelled compounded fragments as a function of bullet type
Authors: Lux Constantin , Krutzek Alexander , Reich Tobias , Welkerling Stephan , Federspiel Jan M. , Ramsthaler Frank , Gruber Hannes , Sauer Patrick , Kern Natascha , Verhoff Marcel A. , Kettner Mattias 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the frame of an experimental setting, the formation of round-shaped compounded glass fragments on the exit site after gunshots through a windshield was examined. For that purpose, a 9 × 19 mm pistol (HK P30) and two different cartridges containing (a) a full metal jacketed round-nosed projectile and (b) a deformation projectile were used. On the basis of 52 gunshots, the morphology, impact angles and terminal ballistics of occurring compounded glass fragments were examined. The results showed that the compounded glass fragments’ morphology allowed for the differentiation of two used projectiles. Fragments were able to cause round-shaped defects in a single cotton layer (T-shirt) with subsequent penetration of up to 2.4 cm into ballistic gelatin (10%, 4 °C). As a function of the projectile type, the compounded glass fragments showed different reproducible impact angles that differed notably from the known conical pattern of expelled glass fragments after bullet penetration. These findings might help to explain the atypical morphology of gunshot wounds with laminated glass as an intermediate target and prevent possible misinterpretations when reconstructing the sequence of events.
Lax eyelid condition (LEC) and floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) prevalence in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aiello Francesco , Gallo Afflitto Gabriele , Alessandri Bonetti Mario , Ceccarelli Francesca , Cesareo Massimo , Nucci Carlo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lax eyelid condition (LEC) and floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) represent two distinct conditions which have been associated with several ocular and systemic comorbidities. The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the available literature to estimate the prevalence rate of LEC and FES in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO. Four electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) were searched from inception to December 24, 2021. A random intercept logistic regression model was carried out for the analysis of overall proportions. Odds ratio and mean difference were reported as measures of the effect size in the presence of binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. The estimated numbers of LEC/FES patients in OSA were calculated by multiplying the prevalence rate determined by our random-effects model and the corresponding Benjafield et al.’s population prospect.

Results
We included 11 studies comprising 1225 OSA patients of whom 431 and 153 affected by LEC and FES, respectively. Our model estimated a pooled prevalence rate for LEC and FES in OSA patients of 40.2% (95%CI: 28.6–53.1%) and of 22.4% (95%CI: 13.8–34.2%), respectively. The number of LEC/FES affected individuals among OSA patients is expected to peak up to 376 and to 210 million, respectively. OSA patients appeared to have a 3.4 (95%CI: 2.2–5.2) and a 3.0 (95%CI: 1.7–5.5) increased risk of developing LEC and FES than the healthy counterpart.

Conclusion
Prevalence of LEC and FES is higher in OSA-affected patients compared to controls. More studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms leading to the development of LEC and/or FES in OSA patients, as well as the feasibility of the adoption of these clinical findings as screening tools for OSA.
Overlapping pathogenic de novo CNVs in neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital anomalies impacting constraint genes regulating early development
Authors: Safizadeh Shabestari Seyed Ali , Nassir Nasna , Sopariwala Samana , Karimov Islam , Tambi Richa , Zehra Binte , Kosaji Noor , Akter Hosneara , Berdiev Bakhrom K. , Uddin Mohammed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and congenital anomalies (CAs) are rare disorders with complex etiology. In this study, we investigated the less understood genomic overlap of copy number variants (CNVs) in two large cohorts of NDD and CA patients to identify de novo CNVs and candidate genes associated with both phenotypes. We analyzed clinical microarray CNV data from 10,620 NDD and 3176 CA cases annotated using Horizon platform of GenomeArc Analytics and applied rigorous downstream analysis to evaluate overlapping genes from NDD and CA CNVs. Out of 13,796 patients, only 195 cases contained 218 validated de novo CNVs. Eighteen percent (31/170) de novo CNVs in NDD cases and 40% (19/48) de novo CNVs in CA cases contained genomic overlaps impacting developmentally constraint genes. Seventy-nine constraint genes (10.1% non-OMIM entries) were found to have significantly enriched genomic overlap within rare de novo pathogenic deletions (P value = 0.01, OR = 1.58) and 45 constraint genes (13.3% non-OMIM entries) within rare de novo pathogenic duplications (P value = 0.01, OR = 1.97). Analysis of spatiotemporal transcriptome demonstrated both pathogenic deletion and duplication genes to be highly expressed during the prenatal stage in human developmental brain (P value = 4.95 X 10–6). From the list of overlapping genes, EHMT1, an interesting known NDD gene encompassed pathogenic deletion CNVs from both NDD and CA patients, whereas FAM189A1, and FSTL5 are new candidate genes from non-OMIM entries. In summary, we have identified constraint overlapping genes from CNVs (including de novo) in NDD and CA patients that have the potential to play a vital role in common disease etiology.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with and without affective dysregulation and their families
Authors: Treier A.-K. , Holas V. , Görtz-Dorten A. , Frenk F. , Goldbeck C. , Mücke K. , Hanisch C. , Ritschel A. , Roessner V. , Rothe J. , Ravens-Sieberer U. , Kaman A. , Banaschewski T. , Brandeis D. , Aggensteiner P.-M. , Kölch M. , Daunke A. , Döpfner M. ,   for the ADOPT Consortium
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnalyzing COVID-19-related stress in children with affective dysregulation (AD) seems especially interesting, as these children typically show heightened reactivity to potential stressors and an increased use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Children in out-of-home care often show similar characteristics to those with AD. Since COVID-19 has led to interruptions in psychotherapy for children with mental health problems and to potentially reduced resources to implement treatment strategies in daily life in families or in out-of-home care, these children might show a particularly strong increase in stress levels. In this study, 512 families of children without AD and 269 families of children with AD reported on COVID-19-related stress. The sample comprised screened community, clinical, and out-of-home care samples. Sociodemographic factors, characteristics of child and caregiver before the pandemic, and perceived change in external conditions due to the pandemic were examined as potential risk or protective factors. Interestingly, only small differences emerged between families of children with and without AD or between subsamples: families of children with AD and families in out-of-home care were affected slightly more, but in few domains. Improvements and deteriorations in treatment-related effects balanced each other out. Overall, the most stable and strongest risk factor for COVID-19-related stress was perceived negative change in external conditions—particularly family conditions and leisure options. Additionally, caregiver characteristics emerged as risk factors across most models. Actions to support families during the pandemic should, therefore, facilitate external conditions and focus on caregiver characteristic to reduce familial COVID-19-related stress. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), ADOPT Online: DRKS00014963 registered 27 June 2018, ADOPT Treatment: DRKS00013317 registered 27 September 2018, ADOPT Institution: DRKS00014581 registered 04 July 2018.
Gender and minority background as moderators of teacher expectation effects on self-concept, subjective task values, and academic performance
Authors: Timmermans Anneke C. , Rubie-Davies Christine M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo developments in teacher expectation research formed the basis for the current study. First, researchers have begun investigating the self-fulfilling prophecy effects of teacher expectations on a variety of psycho-social outcomes in addition to the effects on academic achievement. Second, researchers have started to realize that some groups of students appeared to be more vulnerable or susceptible to teacher expectations. The current study aimed to investigate whether students’ gender and minority background were moderators of teacher expectation effects for both academic outcomes and self-concept and subjective task value in the mathematics domain. The study is based on a sample of 1663 students (Grades 6 and 7) in 42 classes from three intermediate schools in New Zealand. Multilevel modeling was applied using MLwiN software. First, after controlling for students’ beginning-of-year mathematics achievement, teacher expectations were higher for Asian and lower for Māori, compared with New Zealand European students. Expectations within the domain of mathematics, however, were higher for girls than for boys. Second, teachers’ beginning-year expectations were predictive of achievement and self-concept of students at end-of-year, after controlling for beginning-of-year achievement and self-concept. Teachers’ expectations were, however, not predictive of end-of-year intrinsic and utility value. Third, we did not find evidence for moderation effects of students’ gender and minority background. These findings imply that despite the roughly similar magnitude of teacher expectation effects for various student groups, teacher expectations may contribute to gaps in students’ achievement and self-concept because of differential expectations at the beginning of the year.
Do Beliefs About Sexual Orientation Predict Sexual Identity Labeling Among Sexual Minorities?
Authors: Morandini James S. , Menzies Rachel E. , Moreton Sam G. , Dar-Nimrod Ilan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch has found that sexual orientation beliefs predict heterosexuals’ attitudes toward sexual minorities, and important sexual identity outcomes in sexual minority populations. To this point, no studies have systematically examined how sexual orientation beliefs may be associated with sexual identity self-labeling among sexual minority individuals. The present study examined this question in a sample of 1840 same-gender attracted individuals recruited for a cross-sectional online survey. Beliefs in the naturalness and discreteness of sexual orientation categories were highest in gay/lesbian individuals, intermediate in bisexual people, and lower in queer and pansexual individuals. Beliefs in the importance of sexual orientation were highest in gay/lesbian and queer identified individuals and lower in bisexual people. Within-group analysis demonstrated that gay/lesbian individuals who reported more exclusive same-gender attraction reported higher naturalness, discreteness, and importance beliefs than those with less-exclusive same-gender attraction. However, naturalness, discreteness, and importance beliefs were not associated with sexual attraction patterns in bisexual individuals. Finally, among predominately same-gender attracted populations, the adoption of a queer identity (over a gay/lesbian identity) was predicted by lower naturalness and discreteness beliefs, and increased perceived importance in females. Among non-monosexual populations, adoption of a pansexual identity over a bisexual identity was predicted by lower naturalness beliefs in females, but not predicted by sexual orientation beliefs in males. Collectively, these findings suggest that sexual orientation beliefs differ between sexual identity groups and may partly explain the adoption of particular sexual identity labels among contemporary sexual minority populations.
Sharing the World With Bears: Conflict and Coexistence in the Siberian Taiga
Authors: Wiget Andrew , Balalaeva Olga 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConservation regimes and governmental relations with Indigenous peoples both vary widely. Successfully resolving conflicts arising from human-wildlife interactions (HWI) is complicated by the existence of multiple ontologies not only among various publics but within historically-marginalized and fragmented Indigenous communities. Current models of HWI are being reevaluated in order to better understand how humans and animals, including large carnivores, have learned to coexist. This article uses field interviews and Indigenous songs texts to describe the uniquely moral character of human-bear interactions among the elder generation of Siberian Khanty of Siberia. We outline the potential of such an ethos for developing more inclusive and just management policies and practices focused on tolerance and coexistence, while also identifying some limitations on developing such policies that emerge from acculturative stresses.
On some aspects of the binary in the context of the ternary and the plural in Juri Lotman’s semiotics of literature
Authors: Kroó Katalin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper raises the problem of binarisms in Juri Lotman’s conceptual and text analytical system from a new perspective. The approach combines several focal aspects of examination. It consist of the parallel study of the application of the notion of binarism in cultural semiotic theory and its active role as a crucial methodological tool for literary text interpretation (the question is: how binary notions in scientific interpretive metatexts are related to the examined culture texts and traditions). Binary models are put into a context of ternary models as interpreted by J. Lotman and B. Uspensky in their 1977 article “The Role of Dual Models in the Dynamics of Russian Culture (until the End of the Eighteenth Century).” The theory expounded by the two scholars is compared with Lotman’s overview of Russian literature of the classical period (1992) where he gives further details on the two models manifesting themselves in 19th-century authors’ poetics. In the paper, the role of the neutral, inbetween semantic sphere is accorded special attention so as to clarify the real nature of Lotman’s suggestion in indentifying the meaning-creative energy of this middle, mediatory semantic zone. Through the investigation, the coherence of Lotman’s oeuvre is revealed, which refutes the possibility of interpreting the functionalisation of binary notions and their different uses within the framework of the structuralist or the poststructuralis paradigm. The universal cultural nature of thinking in oppositions is interpreted in concrete terms of the semiotic principles of meaning-engendering, explaining the issues of semantic difference (deviation), meaning-transformation (text-dynamics), the shift from binarism to plurality, and semiotic mediation. The paper ends with outlining future perspectives in the investigation of the problem of binarisms.
On the convergence of randomized and greedy relaxation schemes for solving nonsingular linear systems of equations
Authors: Frommer Andreas , Szyld Daniel B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe extend results known for the randomized Gauss-Seidel and the Gauss-Southwell methods for the case of a Hermitian and positive definite matrix to certain classes of non-Hermitian matrices. We obtain convergence results for a whole range of parameters describing the probabilities in the randomized method or the greedy choice strategy in the Gauss-Southwell-type methods. We identify those choices which make our convergence bounds best possible. Our main tool is to use weighted ℓ1-norms to measure the residuals. A major result is that the best convergence bounds that we obtain for the expected values in the randomized algorithm are as good as the best for the deterministic, but more costly algorithms of Gauss-Southwell type. Numerical experiments illustrate the convergence of the method and the bounds obtained. Comparisons with the randomized Kaczmarz method are also presented.
A scoping review of theories used to investigate clinician adherence to clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Stewart Derek , Al Hail Moza , Al-Shaibi Samaher , Hussain Tarteel Ali , Abdelkader Nada Nabil , Pallivalapila Abdulrouf , Thomas Binny , El Kassem Wessam , Hanssens Yolande , Nazar Zachariah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Routine utilization of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is an effective strategy to optimize patient care and reduce practice variation. Healthcare professionals’ failure to adhere to CPGs introduces risks to both patients and the sustainability of healthcare systems. The integration of theory to investigate adherence provides greater insight into the often complex reasons for suboptimal behaviors.

Aim
To determine the coverage of literature surrounding the use of theory in studies of CPG adherence, report the key findings and identify the knowledge gaps.

Method
In April 2021, three bibliographic databases were searched for studies published since January 2010, adopting theory to investigate health professionals’ adherence to CPGs. Two reviewers independently screened the articles for eligibility and charted the data. A narrative approach to synthesis was employed.

Results
The review includes 12 articles. Studies were limited to primarily investigations of physicians, quantitative designs, single disease states and few countries. The use of behavioral theories facilitated pooling of data of barriers and facilitators of adherence. The domains and constructs of a number of the reported theories are captured within the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF); the most common barriers aligned with the TDF domain of environmental context and resources, fewer studies reported facilitators.

Conclusion
There is emerging use of behavioral theories investigating physicians’ adherence to CPGs. Although limited in number, these studies present specific insight into common barriers and facilitators, thus providing valuable evidence for refining existing and future implementation strategies. Similar investigations of other health professionals are warranted.
Resource-theoretic efficacy of the single copy of a two-qubit entangled state in a sequential network
Authors: Das Arun Kumar , Das Debarshi , Mal Shiladitya , Home Dipankar , Majumdar A. S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow best one can recycle a given quantum resource, mitigating the various difficulties involved in its preparation and preservation, is of considerable importance for ensuring efficient applications in quantum technology. Here, we demonstrate quantitatively the resource-theoretic advantage of reusing a single copy of a two-qubit entangled state toward information processing. To this end, we consider a scenario of sequential entanglement detection of a given two-qubit state by multiple independent observers on each of the two spatially separated wings. In particular, we consider equal numbers of sequential observers on the two wings. We first determine the upper bound on the number of observers who can detect entanglement employing suitable entanglement witness operators. In terms of the parameters characterizing the entanglement consumed and the robustness of measurements, we then compare the above scenario with the corresponding scenario involving multiple pairs of entangled qubits shared among the two wings. This reveals a clear resource-theoretic advantage of recycling a single copy of a two-qubit entangled state in the sequential network.
Trends and Race/Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes-Related Hospital Use in Medicaid Enrollees: Analyses of Serial Cross-sectional State Data, 2008–2017
Authors: Chehal Puneet Kaur , Uppal Tegveer S. , Ng Boon Peng , Alva Maria , Ali Mohammed K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRace/ethnic disparities in preventable diabetes-specific hospital care may exist among adults with diabetes who have Medicaid coverage.ObjectiveTo examine race/ethnic disparities in utilization of preventable hospital care by adult Medicaid enrollees with diabetes across nine states over time.DesignUsing serial cross-sectional state discharge records for emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient (IP) hospitalizations from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, we quantified race/ethnicity-specific, state-year preventable diabetes-specific hospital utilization.ParticipantsNon-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic adult Medicaid enrollees aged 18–64 with a diabetes diagnosis (excluding gestational or secondary diabetes) who were discharged from hospital care in Arizona, Iowa, Kentucky, Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, and Utah for the years 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017.Main MeasuresNon-Hispanic Black-over-White and Hispanic-over-White rate ratios constructed using age- standardized state-year, race/ethnicity-specific ED, and IP diabetes-specific utilization rates.Key ResultsThe ratio of Black-over-White ED utilization rates for preventable diabetes-specific hospital care increased across the 9 states in our sample from 1.4 (CI 95, 1.31–1.50) in 2008 to 1.73 (CI 95, 1.68–1.78) in 2017. The cross-year-state average non-Hispanic Black-over-White IP rate ratio was 1.46 (CI 95, 1.42–1.50), reflecting increases in some states and decreases in others. The across-state-year average Hispanic-over-White rate ratio for ED utilization was 0.67 (CI 95, 0.63–0.71). The across-state-year average Hispanic-over-White IP hospitalization rate ratio was 0.72 (CI 95, 0.69–0.75).ConclusionsHospital utilization by non-Hispanic Black Medicaid enrollees with diabetes was consistently greater and often increased relative to utilization by White enrollees within state programs between 2008 and 2017. Hispanic enrollee hospital utilization was either lower or indistinguishable relative to White enrollee hospital utilization in most states, but Hispanic utilization increased faster than White utilization in some states. Among broader patterns, there is heterogeneity in the magnitude of race/ethnic disparities in hospital utilization trends across states.
Has global deforestation accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Céspedes Jonnathan , Sylvester Janelle M. , Pérez-Marulanda Lisset , Paz-Garcia Paula , Reymondin Louis , Khodadadi Mehran , Tello Jhon J. , Castro-Nunez Augusto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded, questions arose as to whether the pandemic would amplify or pacify tropical deforestation. Early reports warned of increased deforestation rates; however, these studies were limited to a few months in 2020 or to selected regions. To better understand how the pandemic influenced tropical deforestation globally, this study used historical deforestation data (2004–2019) from the Terra-i pantropical land cover change monitoring system to project expected deforestation trends for 2020, which were used to determine whether observed deforestation deviated from expected trajectories after the first COVID-19 cases were reported. Time series analyses were conducted at the regional level for the Americas, Africa and Asia and at the country level for Brazil, Colombia, Peru, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Indonesia. Our results suggest that the pandemic did not alter the course of deforestation trends in some countries (e.g., Brazil, Indonesia), while it did in others (e.g., Peru). We posit the importance of monitoring the long-term effects of the pandemic on deforestation trends as countries prioritize economic recovery in the aftermath of the pandemic.