bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of two transmissible cancers in Tasmanian devils
Authors: Stammnitz Maximilian R. , Gori Kevin , Kwon Young Mi , Harry Ed , Martin Fergal J. , Billis Konstantinos , Cheng Yuanyuan , Baez-Ortega Adrian , Chow William , Comte Sebastien , Eggertsson Hannes , Fox Samantha , Hamede Rodrigo , Jones Menna E. , Lazenby Billie , Peck Sarah , Pye Ruth , Quail Michael A. , Swift Kate , Wang Jinhong , Wood Jonathan , Howe Kerstin , Stratton Michael R. , Ning Zemin , Murchison Elizabeth P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTasmanian devils have spawned two transmissible cancer lineages, named devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1) and devil facial tumour 2 (DFT2). We investigated the genetic diversity and evolution of these clones by analysing 78 DFT1 and 41 DFT2 genomes relative to a newly assembled chromosome-level reference. Time-resolved phylogenetic trees reveal that DFT1 first emerged in 1986 (1982-1989), and DFT2 in 2011 (2009-2012). Subclone analysis documents transmission of heterogeneous cell populations. DFT2 has faster mutation rates than DFT1 across all variant classes, including substitutions, indels, rearrangements, transposable element insertions and copy number alterations, and we identify a hypermutated DFT1 lineage with defective DNA mismatch repair. Several loci show plausible evidence of positive selection in DFT1 or DFT2, including loss of chromosome Y and inactivation ofMGA, but none are common to both cancers. This study illuminates the parallel long-term evolution of two transmissible cancers inhabiting a common niche in Tasmanian devils.
Structural basis of a two-antibody cocktail exhibiting highly potent and broadly neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants including diverse Omicron sublineages
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Pan Yongbing , Yin Qiangling , Wang Zejun , Shan Sisi , Zhang Laixing , Yu Jinfang , Qu Yuanyuan , Sun Lina , Gui Fang , Lu Jia , Jing Zhaofei , Wu Wei , Huang Tao , Shi Xuanling , Li Jiandong , Li Xinguo , Li Dexin , Wang Shiwen , Yang Maojun , Zhang Linqi , Duan Kai , Liang Mifang , Yang Xiaoming , Wang Xinquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), especially the latest Omicron, have exhibited severe antibody evasion. Broadly neutralizing antibodies with high potency against Omicron are urgently needed for understanding working mechanisms and developing therapeutic agents. In this study, we characterized previously reported F61, which was isolated from convalescent patients infected with prototype SARS-CoV-2, as a broadly neutralizing antibody against all VOCs including Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3 and BA.4 sublineages by utilizing antigen binding and cell infection assays. We also identified and characterized another broadly neutralizing antibody D2 with epitope distinct from that of F61. More importantly, we showed that a combination of F61 with D2 exhibited synergy in neutralization and protecting mice from SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants. Cryo-EM structures of the spike-F61 and spike-D2 binary complexes revealed the distinct epitopes of F61 and D2 at atomic level and the structural basis for neutralization. Cryo-EM structure of the Omicron-spike-F61-D2 ternary complex provides further structural insights into the synergy between F61 and D2. These results collectively indicated F61 and F61-D2 cocktail as promising therapeutic antibodies for combating SARS-CoV-2 variants including diverse Omicron sublineages.
A network of CLAVATA receptors buffers auxin-dependent meristem maintenance
Authors: John Amala , Smith Elizabeth Sarkel , Jones Daniel S. , Soyars Cara L. , Nimchuk Zachary L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlant body plans are elaborated in response to both environmental and endogenous cues. How these inputs intersect to promote growth and development remains poorly understood. During reproductive development, central zone stem cell proliferation in inflorescence meristems is negatively regulated by the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) peptide signaling pathway. In contrast, floral primordia formation on meristem flanks requires the hormone auxin. Here we show that CLV3 signaling is also necessary for auxin-dependent floral primordia generation and that this function is partially masked by both inflorescence fasciation and heat-induced auxin biosynthesis. Stem cell regulation by CLAVATA signaling is separable from primordia formation but is also sensitized to temperature and auxin levels. Additionally, we uncover a novel role for the CLV3 receptor CLAVATA1 in auxin- dependent meristem maintenance in cooler environments. As such, CLV3 signaling buffers multiple auxin-dependent shoot processes across divergent thermal environments with opposing effects on cell proliferation in different meristem regions.
MAVS signaling is required for clearance of chikungunya heart infection and prevention of chronic inflammation in vascular tissue
Authors: Noval Maria G. , Spector Sophie N. , Bartnicki Eric , Izzo Franco , Narula Navneet , Yeung Stephen T. , Damani-Yokota Payal , Dewan M. Zahidunnabi , Mezzano Valeria , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Bruno A. , Loomis Cynthia , Khanna Kamal M. , Stapleford Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTChikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has been associated with severe cardiac manifestations, yet, how CHIKV infection leads to heart disease remains unknown. Here, we leveraged both mouse models and human primary cells to define the mechanisms of CHIKV heart infection. We found that CHIKV actively replicates in cardiac fibroblasts and is cleared without significant tissue damage through the induction of a local type-I interferon response from both infected and non-infected cardiac cells. Importantly, signaling through the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) is required for viral clearance from the heart. In the absence of MAVS, persistent infection leads to focal myocarditis and major vessel vasculitis persisting for up to 60 days post-infection, suggesting CHIKV can lead to vascular inflammation and potential long-lasting cardiovascular complications. This study provides a model of CHIKV cardiac infection and mechanistic insight into CHIKV-induced heart disease, underscoring the importance of monitoring cardiac function in patients with CHIKV infections.
Benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation by multiple and individual mesophilic bacteria in axenic conditions and in soil samples
Authors: Nzila Alexis , Musa Musa M. , Afuecheta Emmanuel , Thukair Assad , Sankaran Saravanan , Xiang Lei , Li Qing X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThus far, only a handful of bacterial strains that can independently degrade and utilize benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon source have been isolated and characterized. Here, three new bacterial strains, JBZ1A, JBZ2B, and JBZ5E, were isolated from contaminated soil and, using 16S rRNA sequencing, were identified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The growth ability of each individual strain and a consortium of all strains in the presence of BaP (4–400 µmol·l−1, pH 7, 37°C) was identified by the doubling time (dt). The results illustrated that dt decreased with increasing BaP concentrations for individual strain and the consortium. The optimum growth conditions of the consortium were 37°C, 0.5% NaCl (w/v), and pH 7. Under these conditions, the degradation rate was 1.06 µmol·l−1·day−1, whereas that of individual strains ranged 0.9–0.38 µmol·l−1·day−1. B. cereus had the strongest contribution to the consortium’s activity, with a degradation rate of 0.9 µmol·l−1·day−1. The consortium could also remove BaP spiked with soil, but at a lower rate (0.01 µmol.l−1.day−1). High-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry permitted the detection of the metabolites of these strains, and a biodegradation pathway has been proposed.
Multiple crack growth simulation for lap-joints based on three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Zou Jun , Yuechao Zhang , Feng Zhenyu 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The fuselage riveted lap-joints are susceptible to multiple site damage (MSD) and should be considered in damage tolerance analysis. This paper aims to investigate the stress intensity factor (SIF) and crack growth simulation for lap-joints based on three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The 3D finite element model of lap-joints is established by detailed representation of rivets and considering the rivet clamping force and friction. Numerical study is conducted to investigate the SIF distribution along the thickness direction and the effect of clamping force. A predictive method for the cracks propagation of MSD is then developed, in which an integral mean is adopted to quantify the SIF at crack tips, and the crack closure effect is considered. For comparison, a fatigue test of a lap-joint with MSD cracks is conducted to determine the cracks growth live and measure the cracks growth.

Findings
The numerical study shows that the through-thickness crack at riveted hole in lap-joints can be treated as mode I crack. The distribution of SIF along the thickness direction is inconstant and nonmonotonic. Besides, the increase in clamping force will lead to more frictional load transfer at the faying surfaces. The multiple crack growth simulation results agreed well with the experimental data.

Originality/value
The novelty of this work is that the SIF distribution along the thickness direction and the MSD cracks growth simulation for lap-joints are investigated by 3D finite element analysis, which can reflect the secondary bending, rivet clamping, contact and friction in lap-joints.
Enhanced X-ray pulsar navigation based on ranging information of a satellite
Authors: Zhang Li , Fang Haiyan , Bao Weimin , Sun Haifeng , Shen Lirong , Su Jianyu , Zhao Liang 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
X-ray pulsar navigation (XPNAV) is an autonomous celestial navigation technology for deep space missions. The error in the pulse time of arrival used in pulsar navigation is large for various practical reasons and thus greatly reduces the navigation accuracy of spacecraft near the Earth and in deep space. This paper aims to propose a novel method based on ranging information that improves the performance of XPNAV.

Design/methodology/approach
This method replaces one pulsar observation with a satellite observation. The ranging information is the difference between the absolute distance of the satellite relative to the spacecraft and the estimated distance of the satellite relative to the spacecraft. The proposed method improves the accuracy of XPNAV by combining the ranging information with the observation data of two pulsars.

Findings
The simulation results show that the proposed method greatly improves the XPNAV accuracy by 70% compared with the conventional navigation method that combines the observations of three pulsars. This research also shows that a larger angle between the orbital plane of the satellite and that of the spacecraft provides higher navigation accuracy. In addition, a greater orbital altitude difference implies higher navigation accuracy. The position error and ranging error of the satellite have approximately linear relationships with the navigation accuracy.

Originality/value
The novelty of this study is that the satellite ranging information is integrated into the pulsar navigation by using mathematical geometry.
Investigating the conditions under which internal auditing is carried out in selected local governments in the Central Region of Ghana
Authors: Aikins Anthony Egyir , Mensah John Victor , Kumi-Kyereme Akwasi 
Published: May 2022

PurposeInternal audit is an essential component of the accountability structure in Ghana's local government system. Favourable conditions are required for its operation to assist management bodies to fulfil their responsibilities efficiently and effectively. Using Internal Control-Integrated Framework, this paper investigates the conditions under which internal auditing is carried out in four selected local governments in the Central Region of Ghana.Design/methodology/approachBased on interpretivism and qualitative approach, purposive sampling technique was used to select 14 key informants at various levels of governance for primary data by the use of key informant interview guide. The data were analysed using pattern matching and content analysis based on themes.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate that internal auditors faced unfavourable conditions including intimidation, threats and administrative interference in the course of performing their duties.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is based on qualitative data from four selected local governments in the Central Region of Ghana. Hence these findings are specific to the local governments, internal auditors and management bodies in the country to benefit from them. The implication of the findings is closely related to the efforts to realise the ultimate goal of the recent government reforms and the need for further reforms to enhance independence, objectivity, effectiveness and efficiency.Practical implicationsThis study helps management of local governments in finding out conditions under which internal auditing operates. This helps to enhance favourable conditions and minimise the unfavourable conditions for the purpose of efficient and effective utilisation of resources towards improvement of service delivery of local government system to meet the needs of the people.Social implicationsThe study contributes to the understanding and application of Internal Control-Integrated Framework to local government system in the Central Region. It also uses the agency theory to explain the conditions under which internal auditing is carried out in the selected local government institutions.Originality/valueThis study provides new insight into the conditions of carrying out internal auditing in local governments and raises awareness of stakeholders on the need to enhance service delivery to the people. It also introduces a novel idea of placing all internal auditors under a newly established Internal Audit Class to advance independence and objectivity.
Towards a framework for public relations scholarship and practice in Africa: a globalisation perspective
Authors: Anani-Bossman Albert , Tandoh Isaac 
Published: May 2022

PurposeMuch of public relations scholarship in the last three decades has been dominated by discussions about best practices. Theories developed over the years have often been based on western practices with little focus on emerging economies such as Africa. The growing call for a shift to a new system, especially from a non-western perspective has resulted in scholars examining public relations scholarship and practice in other jurisdictions, particularly in Asia. The onset of globalisation increased the scholarly discussion on public relations theorising, with culture playing a significant role in these discussions. This paper undertakes a review of the various discussions on public relations theorising due to globalisation and discusses its implications for public relations scholarship and practice in Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe paper approaches the issue by examining relevant literature on globalisation and societal changes, public relations theorising, and the African worldview.FindingsThe paper concludes by proposing an African public relations framework that reflects the African worldview. The framework proposes that African public relations can be premised on four levels, humanist, relational, communalist, and strategic.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited in the sense that the proposed framework has not been empirically tested for verification. It offers scholars the opportunity to empirically test it within the African setting.Practical implicationsThe framework presents an opportunity for practitioners to review public relations practice within the African context.Originality/valueThe paper's originality is premised on the development of a public relations framework premised on African social values.
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw: the woman behind the success of Biocon
Authors: Sahu Benudhar , Perepu Indu 
Published: May 2022

Study level/applicability
This case is meant for MBA/MS/executive MBA students.

Subject area
Entrepreneurship development, leadership.

Case overview
This case is about the successful entrepreneurial journey of Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, founder of India-based biotechnology company Biocon Limited. Mazumdar-Shaw established Biocon in 1978 as a joint venture company. As a woman entrepreneur, Mazumdar-Shaw faced many challenges and setbacks during her initial days. She overcame these and took Biocon to new heights. Later, Mazumdar-Shaw decided to make a strategic shift in Biocon’s business model – going from manufacturing enzymes to biopharmaceuticals with the vision of making an impact on global health care by providing access to affordable, life-saving drugs.

Expected learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: understand the ecosystem of women entrepreneurs in developing countries; examine the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in their entrepreneurial journey and how successful entrepreneurs convert challenges into opportunities; and analyze what entrepreneurial leadership is and understand how these leadership qualities play an important role in the success of entrepreneurial ventures.

Social implications
Mazumdar-Shaw was able to break through the gender barrier that was highly prevalent in Indian society then and successfully established her entrepreneurial venture in biotechnology, a discipline that was still nascent in the1970s. Though she has scaled great heights in the biotechnology area and developed her business, she has remained sensitive to the problems of those who are unable to get affordable medicines. Firmly believing that she should share the prosperity of the company with the poor and the marginalized, Mazumdar-Shaw, through her philanthropic venture, Biocon Foundation, started providing essential drugs at affordable prices to them.

Subject code
CCS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Knowing the past to write the future: risks and challenges related with social media governance in government
Authors: Bohorquez-Lopez Victor W. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the most frequent themes related with social media governance in government by year, analyzing if these themes have evolved over time, as well as highlighting the main risks and challenges found as further research opportunities.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors have extracted 431 abstracts from Scopus database. Then, abstracts were grouped by year to apply topic modeling to discover the underlying topics. Specifically, the authors have applied latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm to identify the most frequent topics by year.

Findings
The results reveal 19 important topics related with social media governance in government. Then, these topics were assigned to each year to identify the evolution of the research themes over the years, proposing interesting avenues for further research based on the identification of the main risks and challenges.

Practical implications
The proposed research methodology can be applied not only for research purposes but also to discover themes in any discourse with applications in politics, marketing, business, etc. In addition, it can be used to save time and costs analyzing citizen comments in public debates to identify the most important topics.

Originality/value
This study can serve to highlight gaps in the literature, opening the possibility that researchers can adequately position their inquiries, as well as to be aware of overstudied themes to pay less attention to them in future projects. In addition, the results of this study could serve as a starting point for other researchers to analyze connections between topics, propose theories that explain what was found and validate them in future studies.
The effects of lamp types and surface reflectance combinations on the subjective perception of a simulated lit hospital ward environment
Authors: Roy Subarna , Satvaya Parthasarathi 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Good illumination creates an aesthetic environment that may positively influence patients’ well-being and provide comfort to the hospital staff. This study aims to focus on exploring the energy efficiency of lighting and subjective perception of the lit environment in a hospital ward to assess quality indicators of ambient lighting conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The existing conventional tubular fluorescent lamp–based lighting system in the surveyed patients’ ward was retrofitted with light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires to explore illumination and energy parameters. Thereafter, a software lighting model was created, simulated and analyzed. A Web-based survey with five bipolar adjective pairs in a semantic differential scale was conducted with 48 participants to record and analyze their subjective responses pertaining to the variations in lamp types and surface reflectance combinations.

Findings
The findings imply that the LED tubular lamp–based illumination was deemed more adequate compared to other lamp types and the effects of variations in room surface reflectance combinations on the participants’ responses were statistically significant at α = 0.05 level. The simulated horizontal work plane average illuminance level varied from 131 to 171 lx, mean room surface exitance (MRSE) levels remained between 30 and 90 lm/m2 and overall uniformity of illuminance remained between 0.5 and 0.7.

Originality/value
In a hospital ward illuminated by LED tubular lamps, variations in room surface reflectance combinations for a constant luminous flux package output from the lamps may affect the subjective perception of users and the correlation between horizontal work plane average illuminance and MRSE is found to be highly linear (coefficient of determination > 0.97).
Investigating antecedents of mobile payment systems’ decision-making: a mediated model
Authors: Al-Okaily Manaf , Alalwan Ali Abdallah , Al-Fraihat Dimah , Alkhwaldi Abeer F. , Rehman Shafique Ur , Al-Okaily Aws 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The increase in mobile telephone penetration has offered new opportunities for technology to improve payment operations all over the world. Little research has examined the issues related to the decision-making (DM) of mobile payment systems usage in the Jordanian context. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that may have an influence on the adoption of mobile payment systems. This study has empirically tested the expanded unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) together with awareness (AW), trust (TR), security (SE) and privacy (PR) as independent variables to explain the mobile payment system adoption in Jordan.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 270 employees participated in a field survey questionnaire from the public sector in Amman city, the capital city of Jordan. Data were analyzed through a quantitative approach of partial least squares–structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results mainly showed that the determinants of DM to use mobile payment system are price value, social influence, performance expectancy, AW and TR. All of these determinants explained 60.2% of the variation of DM. In total, 72.2% has been explained as the TR to use m-payment system by SE and PR. Furthermore, the results revealed that TR mediates the association between SE as well as PR and the DM to use mobile payment system.

Originality/value
Interestingly, these new variables were found to be important and contribute to the UTAUT2 model. Consequently, the decision-makers in the Central Bank of Jordan should consider all these factors when re-upgrading a Jordan Mobile Payment system in the near future.