bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using eDNA metabarcoding to understand the effect of fire on the diet of small mammals in a woodland ecosystem
Authors: Wanniarachchi Saumya , Swan Matthew , Nevil Paul , York Alan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFood acquisition is a fundamental process that drives animal distribution and abundance, influencing how species respond to changing environments. Disturbances such as fire create significant shifts in available dietary resources, yet, for many species, we lack basic information about what they eat, let alone how they respond to a changing resource base. In order to create effective management strategies, faunal conservation in flammable landscapes requires a greater understanding of what animals eat and how this change following a fire. What animals eat in postfire environments has received little attention due to the time‐consuming methodologies and low‐resolution identification of food taxa. Recently, molecular techniques have been developed to identify food DNA in scats, making it possible to identify animal diets with enhanced resolution. The primary aim of this study was to utilize eDNA metabarcoding to obtain an improved understanding of the diet of three native Australian small mammal species: yellow‐footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes), heath mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei), and bush rat (Rattus fuscipes). Specifically, we sought to understand the difference in the overall diet of the three species and how diet changed over time after fire. Yellow‐footed antechinus diets mostly consisted of moths, and plants belonging to myrtles and legume families while bush rats consumed legumes, myrtles, rushes, and beetles. Heath mouse diet was dominated by rushes. All three species shifted their diets over time after fire, with most pronounced shifts in the bush rats and least for heath mice. Identifying critical food resources for native animals will allow conservation managers to consider the effect of fire management actions on these resources and help conserve the species that use them.
Modeling the extinction risk of European butterflies and odonates
Authors: Franke Sophia , Pinkert Stefan , Brandl Roland , Thorn Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInsect populations have become increasingly threatened during the last decades due to climate change and landuse intensification. Species characteristics driving these threats remain poorly understood. Trait‐based analyses provide a straight‐forward approach to gain a mechanistic understanding of species' extinction risk, guiding the development of conservation strategies. We combined morphological traits and phylogenetic relationship for 332 European species of butterflies and 115 species of odonates (dragon and damselflies) to model their red list status via phylogenetically controlled ordered logistic regression. We hypothesized that extinction risk increases with increasing body volume and wing area, decreasing range size, and is larger for brighter species. All investigated traits exhibited a strong phylogenetic signal. When controlling for phylogenetic relationship, we found that extinction risk of butterflies increased with decreasing range size. The extinction risk of odonates showed no relationship with the selected traits. Our results show that there is no universal trait defining the extinction risk of our investigated insect taxa. Furthermore, evolutionary history, measured as the phylogenetically predicted part of our analyzed traits, poorly predicted extinction risk. Our study confirms the focus of conservation measures on European butterfly species with small range sizes.
Dicamba drift alters plant–herbivore interactions at the agro‐ecological interface
Authors: Johnson Nia M. , Baucom Regina S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNatural populations evolve in response to biotic and abiotic changes in their environment, which shape species interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Agricultural systems can introduce novel conditions via herbicide exposure to non‐crop habitats in surrounding fields. While herbicide drift is known to produce a variety of toxic effects in plants, little is known about its impact on nontarget wildlife species interactions. In a two‐year study, we investigated the impact of herbicide drift on plant–herbivore interactions with common weed velvetleaf (Abutlion theophrasti) as the focal species. The findings reveal a significant increase in the phloem‐feeding silverleaf whitefly (Bermisia tabaci) abundance on plants exposed to herbicide at drift rates of 0.5% and 1% of the field dose. We also identified a significant phenotypic trade‐off between whitefly resistance and herbicide resistance in addition to whitefly resistance and relative growth rate in the presence of dicamba drift after increasing the populations grown in Year 2. In a follow‐up greenhouse study, we found evidence that dicamba drift at 0.5% of the field dose significantly increased the average chlorophyll content (in milligrams per square centimeter) along with a positive correlation between whitefly abundance and chlorophyll content. Overall, these findings suggest herbicide exposure to nontarget communities can significantly alter herbivore populations, potentially impacting biodiversity and community dynamics of weed populations found at the agro‐ecological interface.
Clinically suspected lethal viral myocarditis combined with encephalitis: a COVID‐19 vaccine complication
Authors: Chen Junhui , Wu Ting , Zhang Chunlei , Zhang Ye , Liu Zhuanghua , Wang Yuhai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis case study aimed to identify rare viral myocarditis combined with encephalitis as a COVID‐19 vaccine complication. A 59‐year‐old male patient with a 2 day history of headache and rapidly progressive cognitive decline, who had received the third dose of COVID‐19 vaccine 12 days before, was admitted to our hospital. The patient had no underlying systemic conditions, no prior medical history, and no prior history of COVID‐19 infection. The patient was diagnosed with viral myocarditis and encephalitis by two neurologists and two cardiologists after laboratory examination, head computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. The patient experienced cardiogenic shock and developed severe arrhythmia, resulting in his death 10 h after admission. Clinically suspected lethal viral myocarditis combined with encephalitis in the patient could be related to COVID‐19 vaccination. Adverse effects of the Chinese COVID‐19 vaccine, especially serious complications, have been uncommon. This case study highlights a rare complication after COVID‐19 vaccination that needs high attention.
Emotional, motivational and attitudinal consequences of autonomous prosocial behaviour
Authors: Kelley Nicholas J. , Weinstein Netta , Smith Emily E. , Davis William E. , Christy Andrew G. , Sedikides Constantine , Schlegel Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen do prosocial actors experience positive versus negative psychological outcomes from helping others? In four studies and an internal meta‐analysis, we tested the hypothesis that autonomy shapes the psychological consequences of helping others. In Study 1, prosocial behaviour was associated with a robust pattern of negative well‐being outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) for individuals low but not high in autonomy. In Studies 2–4, relative to reflecting on a neutral interpersonal experience, reflecting on an autonomous helping experience increased sadness and happiness, strengthened intentions to help in the future and raised support for social welfare. By contrast, reflecting on a controlled helping experience increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions, but did not affect attitudes or behavioural intentions. Collectively, the findings indicate that autonomy (or lack thereof) shapes the emotional, motivational and attitudinal consequences of helping behaviour.
A case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract in a patient with spinal bifida: Immunohistochemical analysis and literature review
Authors: Sawazaki Harutake , Kitamura Yosuke , Asano Atsushi , Ito Yuji , Tsuda Hitoshi 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSquamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract is a rare complication of an indwelling catheter and is caused by long‐term inflammation and mechanical irritation. Prognosis is relatively poor. Biomarkers in the cancer pathway have not been investigated.Case presentationA 61‐year‐old woman with a 34‐year history of suprapubic catheter placement presented with a rapidly growing elevated lesion around the cystostomy site. Tumor biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. Local excision with partial cystectomy was performed. Multiple metastases were identified 5 months later. The patient died 14 months after the initial treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimen revealed alterations in vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase‐2, and Ki‐67.ConclusionWe encountered a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from a suprapubic cystostomy tract. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed activation of multiple carcinogenic pathways in cancer cells, including those for angiogenesis, signal transduction by epidermal growth factor receptor, inflammation, and cell proliferation.
The effects of freer trade on global agriculture
Authors: Holtman Nathan , Aguiar Angel , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntransigency among developed and developing countries to reduce trade‐distortive policies—domestic subsidies, export subsidies, and import tariffs—created deadlock in the Doha Round negotiations. Because of this impasse, many countries continue to heavily subsidize their agricultural production and high import tariffs continue to persist in the world market. This study empirically quantifies the benefits of a global free trade agreement utilizing a large‐scale computable general equilibrium model. The results show that a global trade agreement increases welfare by $60 billion as commodity production and consumption adjust to reflect their comparative advantage patterns, accentuating the benefits of completing a global free trade agreement.
Implementation of an interprofessional education session for postgraduate trainees
Authors: Tedder Amanda C. , Deptola Amber , Kunz Kyle , Richter Sara K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPostgraduate residency training provides an opportunity to acquire and apply skills and behaviors learned through interprofessional education (IPE) sessions. Little data exists regarding the perceptions of resident trainees on benefits and barriers of IPE. In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of a case‐based IPE activity focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management and inhaler technique in order to explore pharmacy and medicine resident perceptions of IPE. Perceptions of IPE were logged via survey and interviews in parallel with participation in the IPE activity and were analyzed with a constructivist grounded theory approach to identify common themes. Four themes supporting IPE models were found including better understanding of another profession's skills, integration of another profession's skill and perspective to improve patient care, recognition of gaps in expertise, and perception of time and coordination as barriers to learning with other professions. In conclusion, IPE activities improve and advance the perceptions and knowledge that medicine and pharmacy residents have about each other's professions.
Identifying the effects of sanctions on the Iranian economy using newspaper coverage
Authors: Laudati Dario , Pesaran M. Hashem 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThis paper focuses on the identification and quantitative estimation of sanctions on the Iranian economy over the period 1989–2019. It provides a new time series approach and proposes a novel measure of sanctions intensity based on daily newspaper coverage. In absence of sanctions, Iran's average annual growth could have been around 4–5%, as compared to the 3% realized. Estimates of the proposed sanctions‐augmented structural VAR show that sanctions significantly decrease oil export revenues and result in substantial depreciation of Iranian rial, followed by subsequent increases in inflation and falls in output growth. Keeping other shocks fixed, 2 years of sanctions can explain up to 60% of output growth forecast error variance, although a single quarter sanction shock proves to have quantitatively small effects.
Liver regeneration after two‐stage liver transplantation is more effective than after other preconditioning procedures in colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Ali Deeb Aladdin , Rauchfuß Falk , Gaßler Nikolaus , Dondorf Felix , Rohland Oliver , Tannapfel Andrea , Settmacher Utz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionInduction of liver regeneration represents an option to expand the resectability in patients with expected small future liver remnant (FLR). The aim of this cohort‐study is to compare the liver regeneration between different surgical procedures, including novel procedures such as two‐stage living donor liver transplantation using small‐for‐size grafts.MethodsForty‐three patients with colorectal liver metastases were included between 2004 and 2020. They underwent one of the following three procedures: portal vein embolization (PVE), associated liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), and living donor two‐stage liver transplantation (LT). The volume gain of the future liver remnant was analyzed in comparison between the three mentioned procedures.ResultsThe type of surgery performed had a significant correlation with liver regeneration with a strong effect on the benefit of ALPPS and liver transplantation, respectively (r = .6, p = .00003). The type of surgery was the only independent co‐factor in the multiple regression, which showed a significant influence on FLR‐increase favoring two‐stage transplantation compared to the other two related procedures (ß = .12, T = 3.9, p = .0004). The histological and immunohistochemical studies also showed a clear advantage of proliferation to the benefits of two‐stage liver transplantation compared with ALPPS.ConclusionTwo‐stage liver transplantation using small‐for‐size grafts induces better FLR‐increase than portal vein embolization or ALPPS in patients with colorectal liver metastases.
Cu‐Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: The Effect of Cocatalysts
Authors: Sun Mingkang , Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Dadashi‐Silab Sajjad , Lin Ting‐Chih , Kowalewski Tomasz , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most powerful methods to prepare well‐defined (co)polymers. Cu‐catalyzed ATRP methods are most commonly used because of the excellent control and tunable catalytic activities via ligand functionalization. This minireview summarizes the development of Cu‐catalyzed ATRP in the presence of cocatalysts, which are used to regenerate CuI complex activators during polymerizations. Fundamentals of Cu‐based ATRP catalysts are first introduced, followed by the discussion of different types of cocatalysts in different Cu‐catalyzed ATRP methods. Recent developments of photochemical cocatalysts for oxygen‐tolerant ATRP and ATRP using long‐wavelength irradiation are highlighted, which significantly expand the applications of Cu‐catalyzed ATRP. Methods to study the properties of cocatalysts and their roles in Cu‐catalyzed ATRP are discussed, with an outlook for the future development of cocatalysts.
Does financial leverage volatility induce systemic financial risk? Empirical insight based on the Chinese fintech sector
Authors: Zheng Zhiyong , He Jian , Yang Yingjie , Zhang Mengting , Wu Desheng , Bian Yang , Cao Jianhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFinancial leverage volatility is a significant factor contributing to the formation of systemic financial risk, which is more apparent in China's fast‐growing fintech (financial technology) field. Using the Conditional Value‐at‐risk approach (ΔCoVaR) risk metric, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (Structural Vector Autoregression with Stochastic Volatility model [SV‐TVP‐SAVR]) model, and the generalized forecast error variance decomposition (Tvpdy) model, this paper discusses how financial leverage volatility shocks fintech sectoral risks and the evolution of the risk within fintech under the shocks on the basis of the classification criteria of the Chinese fintech enterprise database and daily trading data of A‐share listed companies. The statistical results show that financial leverage volatility causes risk changes across fintech sectors, which is especially significant during economic downturns or government interventions. Also, under the shock of financial leverage volatility, the fintech sectors will absorb or diffuse risks outward through spillover channels, with significant differences in the risk spillover conditions of different types of sectors. Finally, the fintech sector can produce a contagion system with the Internet consumer finance, payment, and Internet microcommercial credit sectors as the core of risks, resulting in a systemic risk crisis. Our findings have major implications for Chinese regulators to balance financial leverage and prevent systemic risks in the fintech sector.
Assimilation of global positioning system radio occultation refractivity for the enhanced prediction of extreme rainfall events in southern India
Authors: Boyaj Alugula , Dasari Hari Prasad , Rao Y. V. Rama , Ashok Karumuri , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere, we investigated the impact of assimilating the satellite‐based product of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) refractivity profiles data on the simulation of selected extreme rainfall events in three states of southern India: Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Kerala. We assimilated the GPS RO data into the weather research and forecasting model using a 3DVar assimilation technique and evaluated the results against unassimilated (control) simulations. Various observations (e.g., rainfall measurements from AWS/rain‐gauge) and observation‐based gridded rainfall were used. The assimilation of the data yielded improved prediction of the spatial distributions of extreme rainfall regions and the amounts of rainfall. The analysis of the simulated dynamical and thermodynamic processes indicated that the assimilation of the data enabled the model to simulate significantly deep convection, high instability, and strong vertical motions. A vorticity budget analysis confirmed the marginally strengthened low‐level convergence. The vertical motions because of assimilation facilitated an increased vertical advection of vorticity, which enhanced the extreme conditions in storms. Moreover, the assimilation of the data resulted in enhanced water vapor condensation and high levels of ice, cloud, and rain water in clouds, all of which contributed to extreme rainfall.
Disparities in weight changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic‐related lockdown in youths
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Sidell Margo A. , Li Xia , Resnicow Ken , Kunani Poornima , Young Deborah R. , Woolford Susan J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates whether changes in weight among school‐aged youth in California due to the COVID‐19 lockdown vary by social constructs of race/ethnicity and associated social factors.MethodsIncluding 160,472 youth aged 5 to 17 years enrolled at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, mixed effects models stratified by age group were fitted to estimate changes in distance from the median BMI‐for‐age from March 2020 to January 2021 (lockdown) compared with the same period before the pandemic.ResultsExcess pandemic weight gain was higher among Black and Hispanic youth aged 5 to 17 years than among White and Asian youth; this difference was most pronounced in those aged 5 to 11 years. In youth aged 5 to 11 years, the distance from the median BMI‐for‐age increased by 1.72 kg/m2 (95% CI: 1.61‐1.84) in Hispanic and 1.70 kg/m2 (95% CI: 1.47‐1.94) in Black youth during the lockdown compared with 1.16 kg/m2 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.29) in non‐Hispanic White youth. The excess weight gain was also higher in youth with fewer neighborhood parks and those with state‐subsidized health insurance.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown led to a gain of excess body weight, particularly for Black and Hispanic youth; this weight gain varied by social factors associated with race and ethnicity.
Assessment of string performance using self‐referencing method in comparison to performance ratio
Authors: Buerhop Claudia , Pickel Tobias , Hauch Jens , Peters Ian Marius 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a weather data independent self‐referencing algorithm for performance analyses of PV power stations based on monitoring data. We introduce this method as an alternative to standard performance ratio analyses, in the case that no meteorological data are available. The self‐referencing algorithm utilizes the string with maximum output as a reference. The output of other strings is set in relation to the corresponding value of the reference string, resulting in a quantity we call self‐referencing ratio SR. We benchmark this ratio against the established performance ratio, which requires solar irradiance data for calculation. Based on a 9 MWp PV power station with 1,719 strings, we show that we are able to quantify, locate, and visualize the performance of each string in the PV power station. About 10% of the strings are underperforming; most of them are located in the bottom rows of the mounting racks. Shading from adjacent mounting racks is a possible explanation for this finding. Furthermore, IR‐images and voltage data indicate a frequent occurrence of strings with a reduced number of modules. An underperformance of less than 2% is challenging to detect, due to the uncertainty range of the chosen dataset.
A novel N7‐methylguanosine‐related long noncoding RNAs signature for predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Guo Peisen , Wang Panpan , Liu Limin , Wang Peixi , Qu Zhi , Yu Zengli , Liu Nan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) may act as a biomarker to predict the overall survival (OS) of cancer patients. This study is to explore the prognostic signature of gastric cancer based on N7‐methylguanosine‐related lncRNAs to evaluate the prognosis and immune status of patients. The lncRNAs were identified by co‐expression analysis, univariate and, stepwise multivariate Cox regression. Then, patients were divided into the high‐ and low‐risk groups. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristics, log‐rank test, principal component analysis, and nomogram were used to analyze the risk model. Finally, different immune status between the two groups was revealed by gene set enrichment/variation analysis (GSEA/GSVA), CIBERSORTx, and ESTIMATE algorithm. The difference in tumor mutation burden and drug sensitivity between the two groups was also explored. Three lncRNAs (LINC00412, REPIN1‐AS1, and RPH3AL‐AS1) were employed to construct the prognostic model. The OS rate of the high‐risk group was lower than the low‐risk group. GSEA and GSVA indicated this model was associated with immune‐related function, such as negative regulation of humoral immune response. Furthermore, the relative fractions of regulatory T cells, activated NK cells, and so forth, were significantly higher in the high‐risk group. And ESTIMATE revealed the different immune scores between the two groups. Finally, six compounds were screened out as candidate therapy drugs, and the prognostic model revealed higher performance than TP53 mutation status. The prognostic signature was competent in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer and the immune microenvironment, which could guide individualized treatment for gastric cancer in the clinic.