bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoothly adapting viscosity to velocity during comanipulation pointing movements
Authors: Dong Lin , Richer Florian , Roby-Brami Agnes , Morel Guillaume 
Published: October 2022

PurposeWhen a robot comanipulates an object with a human user, damping is a useful function. This is achieved by programming the robot to exhibit a viscous field. For some specific applications, the viscosity is required to change according to the manipulation velocity. A reported method is programming the viscosity varying inversely to the velocity. In this paper, this method is experimentally shown to distort human’s natural motion performance. This paper aims to propose a solution to solve this instability problem.Design/methodology/approachThe authors performed a point-to-point targeting movement, where it was observed that the instability results from a sudden reduction of robot’s resistance to motion, which further results from the abrupt viscosity drop when the subject tries to accelerate. Therefore, the authors propose a solution where a first-order linear filter is added to the viscosity coefficient so as to slow down its variation.FindingsThe experimental results confirm that the proposition is effective, with the ability to stabilize the comanipulated dynamics and to restore the human’s natural behavior.Originality/valueThis paper concerns applications of comanipulation where the viscosity coefficient is designed to decrease as the velocity increases. An instability problem, which was of vital importance in terms of safety and performance but unreported in the literature, was experimentally studied through human–robot experiments. A solution was proposed by including a secondary dynamics in the variations of the viscosity. Its effectiveness was supported by the practical point-to-point motion experiments.
A low power high speed single phase clock level restoring 16T master-slave flip-flop
Authors: Mishra Alok Kumar , Chopra Urvashi , D. Vaithiyanathan , Kaur Baljit 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
A low power flip-flop circuit is designed for energy-efficient devices. Digital sequential circuits are in huge demand because every processor has most of the parts of digital circuit. The sequential circuits consist of a basic data storing element, a latch is used to store single bit data. The flip-flop takes a sufficient portion of the total chip area and overall power consumption as well. This study aims to the low power energy-efficient applications like laptops, mobile phones and palmtops.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a new type of flip-flop that consists of the only 16 transistors with a single-phase clock. The flip-flop has two blocks, master and slave latch. In this design, the authors have focused on only master latch, which includes a level restoring circuit. It is used to help the master latch in data retention process. The latch circuit has two inverters in back-to-back arrangement. The proposed flip-flop is implemented on 65 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology using Cadence Virtuoso environment and compared with other reported flip-flops.

Findings
The proposed flip-flop architecture outperformed the peak percentage, i.e. 79.25% as compared to transmission gate flip-flop and a minimum of 20.02% compared to 18 T true single phase clocking (TSPC) improvement in terms of power. It also improved C to Q delay and power delay product. In addition, by reducing the number of transistors the total area of the proposed flip-flop is reduced by a minimum of 13.76% with respect to 18TSPC and existing flip-flop. For reliability checking the Monte Carlo simulation is performed for thousand samples and it is compared with the recently reported 18TSPC flip-flop.

Originality/value
This work is tested by using a test circuit with a load capacitor of 0.2 fF. The proposed work uses a new topology to work as master-slave. Power consumption of this technique is very less and it is best suitable for low power applications. This circuit is working properly up to 2 GHz frequency.
Ethical issues in virtual workplaces: evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Gupta Shubhi , Pathak Govind Swaroop 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
However, while the benefits of adopting virtual work structures have been extensively discussed, ethical considerations have been largely ignored in the existing literature. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate the key ethical issues associated with virtual workplaces. It also aimed to examine the various preventive measures that could be considered for effectively managing such challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted an inductive research approach using qualitative methodology. Data was collected by executing the technique of dual moderator focus group discussion. By using the purposive sampling technique, the sample comprised 24 software professionals from emerging economies such as India. All sessions were transcribed, and the data were analysed using the content analysis method.

Findings
The study reports some interesting results related to various ethical issues and the preventive measures to handle such issues in virtual workplaces. The themes that emerged related to ethical issues have been categorised into three broad categories, i.e. People, Technology and Culture. In contrast, preventive measures have been reported in both contexts, i.e. pre-preventive and post-preventive measures. Furthermore, few recommendations have been made to improve virtual work experiences for remote work professionals. The identified themes and categories were classified and arranged in “Network View”, a feature embedded in Atlas.ti7 software, to analyse the conceptual relationships.

Practical implications
The findings may help managers regarding various ethical issues in virtual work settings. It may also provide an insight to the managers about the benefits of adopting preventive measures for handling ethical dilemmas in virtual workplaces in an emerging economy like India.

Originality/value
The study may be seen as one of the earliest attempts to consider the lingering debate on ethics in virtual workplaces. The findings of the study have implications for further theoretical research on the topic.
Crisis management: personal financial well-being and public attitudes toward government intervention
Authors: Lawlor Andrea , Girard Tyler , Wodnicki Philippe , Goode Miranda 
Published: October 2022

PurposeCrises precipitate strong fiscal responses by government – sometimes toward austerity, other times toward renewed social spending. This variation in approaches to crisis handling has the potential to highlight factors that drive public opinion toward government interventions that may be quite different from those in non-crisis times. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned issues.Design/methodology/approachThis article brings together theories of government policymaking in crises, policy responsiveness and economic voting to assess how personal financial (egocentric) concerns and/or national financial (sociotropic) concerns may influence opinions toward government handling of direct financial supports in a crisis and, more generally, opinions toward social policy interventions. The authors assess this dynamic in the Canadian context using original national survey data collected in the initial stage of the pandemic-based crisis in June and July of 2020 (N = 1290).FindingsThe authors find strong evidence in support of sociotropic concerns shaping government approval and support for greater social policy interventions, but limited evidence to support egocentric concerns, suggesting that social policy attitudes may be more insulated from personal factors than anticipated.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors’ findings suggest that crises may prompt enhanced support for interventionist social policy measures that may lack broad-based support in non-crisis times.Originality/valueThe authors’ findings speak to the ongoing discussion around the possibility for crises to function as policy windows for enhanced social spending and for entrenching targeted financial supports for vulnerable individuals.
It is time to fix the low financing trap: public spending on education revisited
Authors: Lewin Keith M. 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to explore whether there is a “low financing trap” that results in underfunding of education systems in low and lower middle income countries (LICs and LMICs). It shows public investment in education has not increased over the last two decades despite extensive advocacy and has equilibrated at about 4% of GDP. More than 6% of GDP is needed to achieve the sustainable development goals.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses large scale data from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics and the World Bank to analyse patterns of investment across sub-Saharan Africa. The most recent data downloaded in 2022 are used for each country. The analysis uses time series analysis to show how flows of resources for education have evolved and illustrates the limits to growth.FindingsThe research develops a taxonomy of countries and identifies three bands of effort for investment in education. Individual countries tend to remain in the same band of expenditure level and only the highest band countries are likely to be able to finance their development goals from their own resources between now and 2030. Escape from the low financing trap is critical for future educational development.Originality/valueInnovative approaches to external assistance are needed which recognise that domestic revenues are at the heart of sustainable financing and that greater efficiency and effectiveness are critical to sustainable solutions. The priority is to accelerate the development of fiscal states, which can finance public goods from domestic revenue and make good use of concessionary assistance.
Multicultural emergency medicine epidemiology: A health economic analysis of patient visits
Authors: Moore Nicholas , Abid Ali , Ren Shiquan , Robinson Kent , Middleton Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is growing evidence to suggest that culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients cost the health system more than non‐CALD patients because of a higher burden of disease and increased resource consumption. The present study aimed to compare the ED resource utilisation of CALD and non‐CALD patients at a tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia.MethodsThe total ED resource utilisation was calculated by separating each visit into diagnostic test cost and time spent in ED components. The time component was calculated using the product of the total length of stay and a resource cost per unit time measure. Diagnostic tests were costed using the Australian Medicare Benefit Schedule. A generalised additive model was developed to estimate the isolated effect of CALD status on the resource utilisation during an ED visit.ResultsCALD patients had a higher median resource utilisation than non‐CALD patients ($736.93 vs $701.36, P < 0.0001); however, the generalised additive model demonstrated that CALD status was not independently associated with increased resource utilisation.ConclusionCALD status is not an independent influence on ED resource utilisation but other explanatory variables such as increased age and altered case‐mix appear to have a much greater influence. There may, however, be other reasons to consider CALD loading such as equity in healthcare and to address poorer overall health outcomes for CALD patients.
A case of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis in a Filipino woman
Authors: Amadore Rene A. , Bangayan Ramar John , Natividad Therese Eileen L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis is a case of a 59‐year‐old woman who presented with a 2‐year history of heliotrope rash, Gottron’s papules, shawl sign, V‐neck sign, and muscle weakness. She was previously managed as a case of systemic lupus erythematosus and initially responded to unrecalled corticosteroids. She was admitted due to a 1‐month progressively enlarging sacral mass, which eventually turned out to be an abscess. While the abscess was being treated, her autoimmune condition was worked up, and she was then managed as a case of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with interstitial lung disease (ILD). She received corticosteroids and underwent the first cycle of cyclophosphamide infusion prior to discharge.
imageseg: An R package for deep learning‐based image segmentation
Authors: Niedballa Jürgen , Axtner Jan , Döbert Timm Fabian , Tilker Andrew , Nguyen An , Wong Seth T. , Fiderer Christian , Heurich Marco , Wilting Andreas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and deep learning are powerful and robust tools for ecological applications, and are particularly suited for image data. Image segmentation (the classification of all pixels in images) is one such application and can, for example, be used to assess forest structural metrics. While CNN‐based image segmentation methods for such applications have been suggested, widespread adoption in ecological research has been slow, likely due to technical difficulties in implementation of CNNs and lack of toolboxes for ecologists.

Here, we present R package imageseg which implements a CNN‐based workflow for general purpose image segmentation using the U‐Net and U‐Net++ architectures in R. The workflow covers data (pre)processing, model training and predictions. We illustrate the utility of the package with image recognition models for two forest structural metrics: tree canopy density and understorey vegetation density. We trained the models using large and diverse training datasets from a variety of forest types and biomes, consisting of 2877 canopy images (both canopy cover and hemispherical canopy closure photographs) and 1285 understorey vegetation images.

Overall segmentation accuracy of the models was high with a Dice score of 0.91 for the canopy model and 0.89 for the understorey vegetation model (assessed with 821 and 367 images respectively). The image segmentation models performed significantly better than commonly used thresholding methods, and generalized well to data from study areas not included in training. This indicates robustness to variation in input images and good generalization strength across forest types and biomes.

The package and its workflow allow simple yet powerful assessments of forest structural metrics using pretrained models. Furthermore, the package facilitates custom image segmentation with single or multiple classes and based on colour or grayscale images, for example, for applications in cell biology or for medical images. Our package is free, open source and available from CRAN. It will enable easier and faster implementation of deep learning‐based image segmentation within R for ecological applications and beyond.
Genetic basis of muscle‐related traits in sheep: A review
Authors: Talebi Reza , Ghaffari Mohammad Reza , Zeinalabedini Mehrshad , Abdoli Ramin , Mardi Mohsen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSheep is a major contributor to global food production among livestock and one of the great sources of red meat for human consumption. Several QTL and numerous genes with major and minor effects have been identified in association with the muscle characteristics in sheep breeds worldwide. Understanding the genetic background of growth and carcass‐related traits in sheep is a major factor in increasing muscle growth, muscle hypertrophy and, eventually, meat production. This review concisely shows how major signaling pathways control skeletal muscle growth. Herein we aimed to discuss and summarize different research findings on genomic regions related to carcass traits and meat production in sheep. Several causative mutations with major effects on different muscle‐related traits have been reported in various sheep breeds. A general overview of the studies on main candidate genes showed that some alleles have major phenotypic effects in different breeds with commercial and farm level usability. However, numerous genes with minor effects were also reported regarding the polygenic nature of muscle‐related traits. The knowledge of the candidate genes involved in growth traits and their effects provides valuable information for breeding and selection of muscularity traits.
Limited commitment, endogenous credibility and the challenges of price‐level targeting
Authors: Cateau Gino , Shukayev Malik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the cost of limited commitment when a central bank commits to a price‐level target path but retains the discretion to re‐optimize it whenever the cost of honouring its commitment exceeds a tolerance threshold. Such discretion undermines the credibility of the price‐level target path and weakens its effectiveness to stabilize the economy. Endogenous target resets are more costly than exogenous target re‐optimizations and can give rise to multiple equilibria, including a low credibility equilibrium with frequent target resets and high volatility. Canadian data suggest that price‐level target resets could be quite frequent in practice.
Radiographic density changes may be associated with overloading and implant loss on short implants: A 5‐year analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Gil Alfonso , Strauss Franz J. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Wolleb Karin , Schellenberg Roman , Jung Ronald , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze changes in radiographic bone density around short implants with and without cantilevers at 5 years post‐loading.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six patients with two adjacent posterior missing teeth participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. All patients were randomly allocated to receive either two short implants (6 mm) with single‐unit restorations (group TWO) or one single short implant (6 mm) with a cantilever restoration (group ONE‐C). Patients were followed up at 6 months, 1, 3, and 5 years. Radiographic analysis was performed, through an arbitrary gray scale value (GSV) of the peri‐implant bone, assessing the changes in radiographic density between groups and between time points. Differences in GSV between groups and over time were calculated using a generalized estimating equation to allow for adjustments for the correlation within individuals and between time points.ResultsAt 5 years, 26 patients remained in the study (15 in group ONE‐C; 11 in group TWO). Implant survival rates were 80.4% in group TWO and 84.2% in group ONE‐C (p = 0.894). The radiographic analysis revealed that GSVs increased in both groups over time (p < 0.001). The overall radiographic density was higher in group ONE‐C than in group TWO in the maxilla (p = 0.030). Conversely, in the mandible, these significant differences between the groups were not found (p > 0.05). Compared to the implants that survived, the implants that failed demonstrated a distinct radiographic density pattern (p < 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limitations of the present study, the radiographic bone density in the maxilla appears to increase distinctly around short implants when cantilevers are used. In contrast, the radiographic density in the mandible appears to be unaffected by the use of a cantilever, suggesting a lower threshold of adaptation to occlusal forces and thus a higher susceptibility to overload and implant loss at earlier time points.
Presentations to emergency departments in Melbourne, Australia diagnosed as allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Dear Kate E. , Felmingham Claire , Ronaldson Claire , Nixon Rosemary L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated cases diagnosed as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in emergency departments (EDs) and management.MethodsA multisite retrospective study of patients attending EDs in metropolitan Melbourne between July 2017 and June 2018 was performed. Using International Statistical Classification of Disease‐10 (ICD‐10) codes, the Victorian Agency for Health Information generated a list of cases of contact dermatitis (CD). Demographic and clinical data were analysed.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐eighty patients from 14 different sites were diagnosed with ACD. Hair dyes caused the most cases, and one such case was admitted to hospital.It was apparent from the specified causes that cases of irritant CD were misdiagnosed as ACD.There were significant differences in management with dermatology input, with dermatologists more often advising oral corticosteroids (33.3% vs. 14.5%, P = 0.004) topical corticosteroids (92.9% vs. 38.7%, P < 0.01), emollients (38.1% vs. 20.4%, P = 0.01) and less often advising antihistamines (16.7% vs. 44.6%, P < 0.001). With dermatology input, potent or very potent steroids were more likely to be prescribed (69.3% vs. 11.1%, P < 0.001); without, a mild potency steroid was more likely to be prescribed (63.9% vs. 4%, P = 0.01).ConclusionImproved understanding, diagnosis and management of CD are needed in EDs.
Effects of density and heat treatment of C/C preforms on microstructure and mechanical properties of C/C–SiC composites
Authors: Ye Zhiyong , Wang Yalei , Wen Qingbo , Liu Yufeng , Liu Congcong , Xiong Xiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwill multidirectional carbon‐fiber‐reinforced carbon and silicon carbide composites (i.e., C/C–SiC) were prepared via chemical vapor infiltration combined with reactive melt infiltration process. The effect of heat treatment (HT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of C/C–SiC composites obtained by C/C preforms with different densities was thoroughly investigated. The results show that as the bulk density of C/C preforms increases, the thickness of the pyrolytic carbon (PyC) layer increases and open pore size distribution narrows, making the bulk density and residual silicon content of C/C–SiC composites decrease. Moreover, the flexural strength and tensile strength of the C/C–SiC composites were improved, which can be attributed to the increased thickness of the PyC layer. The compressive strength reduces due to the decrease of the ceramic phase content. HT improves the graphitization degree of PyC, which reduces the silicon–carbon reaction rate and thereby the content of the SiC phase. HT induces microcracks and porosity but not obviously affects the mechanical properties of C/C–SiC composites. However, the negative impact of HT can be compensated by the increased density of the C/C preforms.
A new unique impulse response function in linear vector autoregressive models
Authors: Shi Yanlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a new unique impulse response function (IRF) measure, or MIRF, based on the popular vector autoregressive model to study interdependency of multivariate time series. Same as the orthogonal IRF, the estimator of MIRF has an analytical form with well‐established asymptotics, and is invariant to ordering of series. Compared to alternative unique IRF measures, MIRF does not depend on extreme identifications, and the associated forecast error variance measure is explainable. An illustrative empirical example is also provided.