bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
South Australian prospective cohort study evaluating outcomes of maternal kidney and cardiac disease in pregnancy: a protocol
Authors: Hopkins Jarrad , Hewawasam Erandi , Aldridge Emily , Andraweera Prabha , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Arstall Margaret 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac disease are two significant health conditions that can impact a women’s pregnancy; however, little is known about their prevalence and health impact within the population. These pregnancies are associated with significant risks of morbidity and mortality and propose a challenge to clinicians. The aim of this longitudinal cohort study is to prospectively record the incidence, prevalence, aetiology, outcomes and follow-up of maternal CKD and cardiac disease in the obstetric population of South Australia.Methods and analysisThis study is a state-wide multicentre prospective cohort study in South Australia that will begin recruitment in 2022 and is planned for at least 5 years. Pregnant women with chronic or acquired kidney or cardiac disease will be enrolled across the state’s major public obstetric hospitals. The data collected will focus on the chronic disease aetiology, peripartum interventions, delivery, obstetric and neonatal outcomes, progression of underlying disease and patient-related outcome measures. Women will have data collected each trimester during pregnancy and then at follow-up 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum. Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria have been developed which importantly includes new diagnosis of chronic disease in pregnancy.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee. Summary data will be reviewed and reported in accordance with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology criteria 6 monthly and results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Findings will be presented to relevant local clinicians and hospitals at regular intervals. Consumer versions of research outputs will be developed in conjunction with the consumer reference group.
Recruitment, consent and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials: a review of trials published in the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Journals Library (1997–2020)
Authors: Jacques Richard M , Ahmed Rashida , Harper James , Ranjan Adya , Saeed Isra , Simpson Rebecca M , Walters Stephen J 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo review the consent, recruitment and retention rates for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) funded by the UK’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and published in the online NIHR Journals Library between January 1997 and December 2020.DesignComprehensive review.SettingRCTs funded by the NIHR and published in the NIHR Journals Library.Data extractionInformation relating to the trial characteristics, sample size, recruitment and retention.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the recruitment rate (number of participants recruited per centre per month). Secondary outcomes were the target sample size and whether it was achieved; consent rates (percentage of eligible participants who consented and were randomised) and retention rates (percentage of randomised participants retained and assessed with valid primary outcome data).ResultsThis review identified 388 individual RCTs from 379 reports in the NIHR Journals Library. The final recruitment target sample size was achieved in 63% (245/388) of the RCTs. The original recruitment target was revised in 30% (118/388) of trials (downwards in 67% (79/118)). The median recruitment rate (participants per centre per month) was found to be 0.95 (IQR: 0.42–2.60); the median consent rate was 72% (IQR: 50%–88%) and the median retention rate was estimated at 88% (IQR: 80%–97%).ConclusionsThere is considerable variation in the consent, recruitment and retention rates in publicly funded RCTs. Although the majority of (6 out of 10) trials in this review achieved their final target sample; 3 out of 10 trials revised their original target sample size (downwards in 7 out of 10 trials). Investigators should bear this in mind at the planning stage of their study and not be overly optimistic about their recruitment projections.
Multicentre observational status-epilepticus registry: protocol for ICTAL
Authors: Jacq Gwenaelle , Chelly Jonathan , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Soulier Pauline , Lesieur Olivier , Beuret Pascal , Holleville Mathilde , Bruel Cedric , Bailly Pierre , Sauneuf Bertrand , Sejourne Caroline , Rigaud Jean Philippe , Galbois Arnaud , Arrayago Marine , Plantefeve Gaetan , Stoclin Annabelle , Schnell David , Fontaine Candice , Perier François , Bougouin Wulfran , Pichon Nicolas , Mongardon Nicolas , Ledoux Didier , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste , Legriel Stephane 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionStatus epilepticus (SE) is a common life-threatening neurological emergency that can cause long-term impairments. Overall outcomes remain poor. Major efforts are required to clarify the epidemiology of SE and the determinants of outcomes, thereby identifying targets for improved management.Methods and analysisICTAL Registry is a multicentre open cohort of critically ill patients with convulsive, non-convulsive or psychogenic non-epileptic SE. Observational methods are applied to collect uniform data. The goal of the ICTAL Registry is to collect high-quality information on a large number of patients, thereby allowing elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in mortality and morbidity. The registry structure is modular, with a large core data set and the opportunity for research teams to create satellite data sets for observational or interventional studies (eg, cohort multiple randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional studies and short-term and long-term longitudinal outcome studies). The availability of core data will hasten patient recruitment to studies, while also decreasing costs. Importantly, the vast amount of data from a large number of patients will allow valid subgroup analyses, which are expected to identify patient populations requiring specific treatment strategies. The results of the studies will have a broad spectrum of application, particularly given the multidisciplinary approach used by the IctalGroup research network.Ethics and disseminationThe ICTAL Registry protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the French Intensive Care Society (#CE_SRLF 19-68 and 19-68a). Patients or their relatives/proxies received written information to the use of the retrospectively collected and pseudonymised data, in compliance with French law. Prospectively included patients receive written consent form as soon as they recover decision-making competency; if they refuse consent, they are excluded from the registry. Data from the registry will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT03457831.
Golden opportunity for intervention? Identifying vitamin D deficiency in patients with substance use disorders in hospital
Authors: Smith E Naomi , Gee Siobhan , O’Brien Gerri , Vicente Pitchy-Ann , Griffith Rosemary , Patel Rina , Stapleton Joshua , Finch Emily , Shah Naina , Gaughran Fiona , Taylor David , Strang John , Kalk Nicola J 
Published: February 2022

SettingBased at a busy city hospital, the alcohol care team is a drug and alcohol specialist service, taking referrals for a wide range of patients with substance use disorders (SUD).ObjectivesPatients with SUD are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency; this relates to frequent fractures and proximal myopathy. The coronavirus pandemic brought vitamin D into focus. Local guidelines advise that patients at high risk of vitamin D deficiency are offered replacement. There were no local data on vitamin D deficiency prevalence or any mention of patients with SUD in local vitamin D guidelines. The main aim of this project was to offer vitamin D checks and replacement to all appropriate patients.ResultsWe collected data on 207 patients, [pilot study (n=50) and two subsequent samples (n=95 and n=62)]. Our pilot study showed that no patients were offered vitamin D testing or replacement. We then offered vitamin D checks to 95 patients. Most had low vitamin D (30 patients were vitamin D deficient and 26 were vitamin D insufficient). We provided vitamin D replacement and follow-up advice. Quality improvement was demonstrated 6 months later. We collected data on a further 62 patients who were all on our current or recent caseload. Following exclusions, nearly half (48%) of patients had had a vitamin D check. Almost all of these (95%) had low vitamin D (60% being classified as deficient).ConclusionsPatients had not been offered vitamin D replacement despite often having multiple risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D checks (and subsequent replacement) rose in frequency since the outset of this project. Local guidelines should add SUD as a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Hospital admission provides a rich opportunity to offer this simple intervention to patients who are often poorly engaged with community services.
Quality of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations for the management of pain, sedation, delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal in pediatric intensive care: a systematic review protocol
Authors: MacDonald Ibo , Perez Marie-Hélène , Amiet Vivianne , Trombert Alexia , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionInadequate management of pain and sedation in critically ill children can cause unnecessary suffering and agitation, but also delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal. It is, therefore, important to address these four interrelated conditions together. Some clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are available for the management of pain and sedation, and a few for delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal in the paediatric intensive care unit; none address the four conditions altogether. Critical appraisal of the quality of CPGs is necessary for their recommendations to be adopted into clinical practice. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and appraise the quality of CPGs and recommendations for management of either pain, sedation, delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal.Methods and analysisResearchers will conduct a systematic review in electronic databases (Medline ALL (Ovid), Embase.com, CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCO), JBI EBP Database (Ovid)), guideline repositories and websites of professional societies to identify CPGs published from 2010 to date. They will then combine index and free terms describing CPGs with pain, sedation, delirium and withdrawal. The researchers will include CPGs if they can be applied in the paediatric intensive care population (newborns to 18 years old) and include recommendation(s) for assessment of at least one of the four conditions. Two independent reviewers will screen for eligibility, complete data extraction and quality assessments using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the AGREE Recommendation Excellence instruments. Researchers will report characteristics, content and recommendations from CPGs in tabulated forms.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021274364.
Irregular pulsation of aneurysmal wall is associated with symptomatic and ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Jianjian , Li Xiao , Zhao Bing , Zhang Jin , Sun Beibei , Wang Lingling , Tian Jiaqi , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Kim Louis J , Yan Jing , Wan Jieqing , Xu Jianrong , Zhou Yan , Zhao Huilin , Zhu Chengcheng 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIrregular pulsation of aneurysmal wall detected by four-dimensional CT angiography (4D-CTA) has been described as a novel imaging feature of aneurysm vulnerability. Our study aimed to investigate whether irregular pulsation is associated with symptomatic and ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs).MethodsThis retrospective study included consecutive patients with IAs who underwent 4D-CTA from January 2018 to July 2021. IAs were categorized as asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured. The presence of irregular pulsation (defined as a temporary focal protuberance ≥1 mm on more than three successive frames) was identified on 4D-CTA movies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the parameters associated with aneurysm symptomatic or ruptured status.ResultsOverall, 305 patients with 328 aneurysms (37 ruptured, 60 symptomatic, 231 asymptomatic) were included. Ruptured and symptomatic IAs were significantly larger in size compared with asymptomatic IAs (median (IQR) 6.5 (5.1–8.3) mm, 7.0 (5.5–9.7) mm vs 4.7 (3.8–6.3) mm, p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and had more irregular pulsations (70.3%, 78.3% vs 28.1%, p<0.05). Irregular pulsation (OR 5.03, 95% CI 2.83 to 8.92; p<0.001) was independently associated with aneurysm symptomatic/ruptured status in the whole population. With unruptured IAs, both irregular pulsation (OR 6.31, 95% CI 3.02 to 13.20; p<0.001) and size (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32; p=0.015) were independently associated with the symptoms. The combination of irregular pulsation and size increased the accuracy over size alone in identifying symptomatic aneurysms (AUC 0.81 vs 0.77, p=0.007) in unruptured IAs.ConclusionIn a large cohort of patients with IAs detected by 4D-CTA, the presence of irregular pulsation was independently associated with aneurysm symptomatic and ruptured status.
Radial artery diameter: a comprehensive systematic review of anatomy
Authors: Wahood Waseem , Ghozy Sherief , Al-Abdulghani Abdulaziz , Kallmes David F 
Published: February 2022

AimsThe objective of this systematic review is to determine with the highest accuracy the average radial artery (RA) diameter overall and in certain subgroups. The aim of this study is to provide assistance in the development of fitting transradial devices, an increasingly popular intervention.MethodsSeveral databases were used to extract appropriate studies highlighting RA diameter. Databases used in the generation of this study were Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection. RA diameter was determined overall, in males versus females, adults only, adults+children, in the presence of comorbidities, and finally RA diameter in the context of various vasodilators.ResultsA total of 71 studies were included. The average RA diameter overall was determined to be 2.62±0.15 mm in children+adults and 2.70±0.15 mm in adults only. In comparison to an RA diameter of 2.68±0.24 mm in adult males, the diameter was found to be 2.27±0.27 mm in adult females (p=0.028). As for comorbidities, the mean RA diameter in adult patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure was 2.72±0.37 mm and 2.80±0.25 mm, respectively. Finally, the mean RA diameter with nitrate and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use was 2.97±0.53 mm and 2.82±0.29 mm respectively. For comparison, the average outer diameter of a 5 French introducer sheath is 2.29 mm and a 6 French introducer sheath is 2.62 mm.ConclusionsThe findings presented in this study will help determine the most appropriate transradial device to use in several different populations in the context of vasodilator usage or the absence thereof.
Copper chelation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Reid Anna , Miller Christopher , Farrant John Peter , Polturi Rahul , Clark David , Ray Simon , Cooper Garth , Schmitt Matthias 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundDisturbances of copper (Cu) homeostasis can lead to hypertrophic cardiac phenotypes (eg, Wilson’s disease). We previously identified abnormal Cu homeostasis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and, therefore, hypothesised that Cu2+–selective chelation with trientine dihydrochloride may slow or reverse disease progression in HCM. The aim of this study was, therefore to explore the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of trientine in HCM.MethodsIn this medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) registered open-label pilot study, we treated 20 HCM patients with trientine for 6 months. Patients underwent a comprehensive assessment schedule including separate cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and CMR31P-spectroscopy at baseline and end of therapy. Predefined end points included changes in left ventricular mass (LVM), markers of LV fibrosis, markers of LV performance and myocardial energetics. Ten matched patients with HCM were studied as controls.ResultsTrientine treatment was safe and tolerated. Trientine caused a substantial increase in urinary copper excretion (0.42±0.2 vs 2.02±1.0, p=0.001) without affecting serum copper concentrations. Treatment was associated with significant improvements in total atrial strain and global longitudinal LV strain using both Echo and CMR. LVM decreased significantly in the treatment arm compared with the control group (−4.2 g v 1.8 g, p=0.03). A strong trend towards an absolute decrease in LVM was observed in the treatment group (p=0.06). These changes were associated with a significant change in total myocardial volume driven by a significant reduction in extracellular matrix (ECM) volume (43.83±18.42 mL vs 41.49±16.89 mL, p=0.04) as opposed to pure cellular mass reduction and occurred against a background of significant ECM volume increase in the control group (44.59±16.50 mL vs 47.48±19.30 mL, p=0.02). A non-significant 10% increase in myocardial phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio with trientine therapy (1.27±0.44 vs 1.4±0.39) was noted.ConclusionsCu2+–selective chelation with trientine in a controlled environment is safe and a potential future therapeutic target. A phase 2b trial is now underway.
Effective one-electron approach to proton collisions with molecular hydrogen
Authors: Plowman Corey T. , Abdurakhmanov Ilkhom B. , Bray Igor , Kadyrov Alisher S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe two-centre wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach to ion–atom collisions is extended to study proton collisions with molecular hydrogen including electron-capture channels. We use a model potential to represent the molecular target as an effective one-electron spherically symmetric system. This greatly simplifies the target structure, allowing us to use already existing code developed for ion collisions with single-electron targets. Calculated total cross sections for electron capture, single ionisation, and excitation processes generally agree well with experimental data and other theoretical calculations where available. However, the total electron capture cross section is found to overestimate the experimental data at low energies, while the total ionisation cross section is slightly underestimated. Additionally, we present state-resolved cross sections for capture into the 1s, 2$$\ell $$ℓ, and 3$$\ell $$ℓstates of the projectile where deviation between various previous calculations is substantial. Our results lead to overall improvement over previous theoretical studies although discrepancies with experiment are observed for 3p and 3d capture. We conclude that treating molecular hydrogen as an effective one-electron system within the two-centre coupled-channel approach to one-electron targets can give reasonably accurate total cross sections at intermediate and high energies, without the need for a complex and computationally demanding two-electron target representation.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Potent Modifiers of the Prognostic Impact of Circadian Blood Pressure Changes
Authors: Verdecchia Paolo , Angeli Fabio , Reboldi Gianpaolo 
Published: February 2022

Background:
It is unclear whether the prognostic value of blood pressure (BP) changes from day to night is modified by concomitant risk factors and organ damage.

Methods:
We studied 3247 clinically hypertensive patients who underwent off-therapy 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring during their initial diagnostic work-up. Over a mean 9.9-year follow-up, 292 patients developed a first primary outcome event (composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure) and 281 died. The day-night BP changes were analyzed as night-to-day systolic BP ratio and included in semiparametric Cox models.

Results:

After allowance for age, sex, diabetes, cigarette smoking, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum uric acid and average 24-hour systolic BP, the night-to-day systolic BP ratio maintained an independent association with outcome (hazard ratio, 1.17 [1.01–1.35];
P
=0.041). When 2 markers of organ damage, chronic kidney disease and left ventricular hypertrophy, were added to the model, the night-to-day systolic BP ratio failed to maintain an independent association with outcome (hazard ratio, 1.19 [0.97–1.31]). The Akaike Information Criterion and the Schwarz-Bayes Information Criterion showed that, after allowance for other covariables, the night-to-day systolic BP ratio: (1) provided less information when compared with chronic kidney disease and left ventricular hypertrophy and (2) did not improve information provided by chronic kidney disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. Results were comparable on all-cause death as well as using categories of the night-day systolic BP ratio (extreme dippers, dippers, nondippers, reverse dippers).

Conclusions:
Chronic kidney disease and left ventricular hypertrophy are potent modifiers of the prognostic value of the circadian BP changes.
Dissemination of International Humanitarian Law in Greece
Authors: Grembi Alba 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article analyses specific provisions within the Greek legal order that guide the naval commander’s conduct during an armed conflict at sea. It demonstrates that these provisions do not adequately satisfy the requirement to ensure respect for the law of naval warfare and to contribute to the discontinuance, during such times, of the violations of international rules on the assistance of persons in distress at sea by State organs. In this manner, it points to the necessity of an extensive discussion among legal scholars about the dissemination of international humanitarian law in Greece. This process could lead to the establishment of a comprehensive national military manual that would demonstrate the spirit of abidance to the obligation to respect and ensure respect for the rules of this law in Greece’s maritime realm during peace and warfare, and play an instrumental role in the enhancement of safety for persons and objects at sea during naval conflict.