bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synomones in necrophagous larvae of the blow flies Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vomitoria
Authors: Fouche Quentin , Charabidze Damien , Lucas Christophe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemical signals are widespread in insects, but those resulting in interspecific communication (i.e., synomones) remain understudied. Here, we analysed chemicals left on substrates by two species of blow fly larvae, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Calliphora vomitoria (Linneaus) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), which can aggregate together on carrion. Using solid‐phase microextraction and dynamic headspace analysis, we identified six compounds common to both species: the decanoic, tetradecanoic, pentadecanoic, hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids, and the 2‐ethylhexyl salicylate. We then tested the behavioural effects of the decanoic and pentadecanoic acids using binary‐choice experiments, along with the (Z)‐9‐tricosene, a pheromone found in many arthropods. The time spent by a larva and its average crawling speed were measured in two sides of an arena, where only one contained a compound at 0.25 or 25 μg/μl. No effect was observed when testing the decanoic acid. The pentadecanoic acid only reduced the speed of C. vomitoria larvae at 25 μg/μl. Finally, L. sericata larvae spent less time in the side containing the (Z)‐9‐tricosene at 0.25 μg/μl, whereas C. vomitoria spent more time and crawled faster in this side at 25 μg/μl. Although these results did not directly evidence synomones, they suggest that the (Z)‐9‐tricosene could regulate larval aggregations on carrion.
YOUNG HANDS AT WORK. USING FINGER IMPRESSIONS TO EXPLORE THE DEMOGRAPHIC CONSTITUTION OF EARLY AND MIDDLE BRONZE AGE POTTERY‐MAKING COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE
Authors: Laing Meredith 
Published: October 2022

SummaryFingertip impressions preserved in the surface of clay artefacts can provide demographic details about the people who manufactured and decorated pottery vessels, and by extension allow exploration of the composition of communities of practice engaged in pottery manufacture. This paper describes the development of a method of measurement and analysis of fingertip impressions which were sometimes used as decorative motifs on pot surfaces. The technique can be applied to pottery from across archaeological periods; however, the research presented here focusses on communities of practice among Early and Middle Bronze Age potters of eastern England, and assessing their demographic make‐up through analysis of fingertip impressions. The preserved fingertip impressions reveal potting communities comprised children and women, but adult men were seemingly excluded, and suggest a connection between craft activity, age and sex.
Myopia: An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
Authors: Bullimore Mark A. , Brennan Noel A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeMyopia severity has a profound impact on visual impairment in later life. A patient's final level of myopia may be lowered by myopia control, but also by delaying onset. Here, we evaluate the influence of the age of onset on the final recorded level of myopia.MethodsData were extracted from: (1) Three prospective cohort studies of myopia progression in East Asia and the United States where the final recorded level of myopia is presented as a function of the established age of onset. (2) Four retrospective studies of myopia progression in Finland, India, the Netherlands and China and two cross‐sectional studies in Argentina and the UK where the age of onset was based on self‐report of age at first spectacle prescription. (3) A cohort study of Finnish subjects originally recruited for a clinical trial and followed into adulthood. Subjects were divided into five groups according to age at recruitment that was used as a surrogate for the age of onset.ResultsFinal recorded level of myopia was plotted as a function of age of onset for all studies. Among the three East Asian studies, the slopes are between 0.68 and 0.97 D/year, meaning that each later year of onset is associated with between 0.68 and 0.97 less myopia at the final recorded refraction. For six of the seven non‐East Asian studies, the slopes are substantially flatter, with slopes between 0.23 and 0.50 D/year. By contrast, the slope for the Finnish study was 0.87 D/year. Increasing age of final recorded refraction tended to be associated with higher levels of myopia.ConclusionAmong East Asians, delaying the onset of myopia by 1 year has the potential to lower the final myopia level by 0.75 D or more—equivalent to 2–3 years of myopia control with existing modalities. The benefit is lower, but meaningful, among non‐East Asians.
A new chapter in an evolving pandemic: Successful pediatric liver transplantation with SARS‐CoV‐2+ donors
Authors: Goss Matthew Benjamin , Leung Daniel Hao Bin , Pouch Stephanie Marie , Munoz Flor M. , Moulton Elizabeth Andrea , Lambing Tyler Malcolm Mccann , Koohmaraie Sarah , Moreno Nicolas Fernando , O'Mahony Christine A. , Goss John A. , Galván Nhu Thao Nguyen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmid a viral pandemic with poorly understood transmissibility and pathogenicity in the pediatric patient, we report the first pediatric liver transplants utilizing allografts from SARS‐CoV‐2+ donors.MethodsWe describe the outcomes of two pediatric liver transplant recipients who received organs from SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid test‐positive (NAT+) donors. Data were obtained through the respective electronic medical record system and UNet DonorNet platform.ResultsThe first donor was a 3‐year‐old boy succumbing to head trauma. One of four nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and 1 of 3 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) NAT tests demonstrated SARS‐CoV‐2 infection before organ procurement. The second donor was a 16‐month‐old boy with cardiopulmonary arrest of unknown etiology. Three NAT tests (2 NP swab/1 BAL) prior to procurement failed to detect SARS‐CoV‐2. The diagnosis was made when the medical examiner repeated 2 NP swab NATs and an archive plasma NAT, all positive for SARS‐CoV‐2.Both 2‐year‐old recipients continue to do well 8 months post‐transplant, with excellent graft function and no evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission.ConclusionsThis is the first report to describe successful pediatric liver transplantation from SARS‐CoV‐2+ donors. These data reinforce the adult transplant experience and support the judicious use of SARS‐CoV‐2+ donors for liver transplantation in children. With SARS‐CoV‐2 becoming endemic, the concern for donor‐derived viral transmission must now be weighed against the realized benefit of life‐saving transplantation in the pediatric population as we continue to work toward donor pool maximization.
Sheep immune‐stimulated with Saccharomyces boulardii show reduced prolificacy of Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Pinheiro Natália Berne , Gaspar Emanuelle Baldo , Minho Alessandro Pelegrine , Domingues Robert , de Moura Micaele Quintana , Junior Antônio Sergio Varela , Capella Gabriela de Almeida , Strothmann Adriane Leites , Terto Wesley Douglas , Leite Fabio Pereira Leivas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHaemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic parasite for sheep. The objective was to evaluate immunomodulation of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii in sheep experimentally infected with H. contortus. Twenty‐four sheep were divided into three groups: one infected with 500 H. contortus larvae/day for 26 days and supplemented with S. boulardii (40 ml with 1 × 108 CFU/ml/day); a control group only infected with H. contortus but not supplemented; and a naïve group that never came into contact with either parasites or S. boulardii. To assess the humoral immune response, production of specific serum IgG anti‐somatic H. contortus antigen was evaluated through indirect ELISA. To assess the cellular immune response, cell populations and cytokine (IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐10) production were evaluated through flow cytometry. For parasitological analyses, the counts of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and larvae per faecal culture were assessed. At all the study points, the concentration of IgG anti‐H. contortus was higher (p < .05) in the S. boulardii group than in the other groups. The cell analysis revealed that there were significantly higher numbers (p < .05) of cells expressing MHC‐II and significantly higher numbers (p < .05) of eosinophils in the mucosa in the S. boulardii group. Significant expression of IL‐10 was observed only in the control infected group. There were significant reductions (p < .05) in EPG and larval counts in the S. boulardii supplemented group. These results show that S. boulardii supplementation modulated the immune response against H. contortus, thereby reducing its infection.
Late Oligocene to early Miocene delta and linked slope fan systems: Depositional architecture and sediment dispersal, the Pearl River Mouth Basin
Authors: Zhang Manli , Lin Changsong , Li Hao , Zhang Zhongtao , Zhang Bo , Liu Hanyao , Tian Hongxun , Shu Liangfeng , Feng Xuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene (Zhuhai Formation) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the northern South China Sea contains extensive shelf‐edge delta and linked slope fan deposits, and records the sediment dispersal and constraint processes. According to the integrated analysis of well‐log, seismic and core data, depositional architecture and delivery mechanism of sandy deposits from the shelf margin to the lower slope are documented systematically. Four major depositional facies are identified: shelf‐edge incised channels and shelf‐edge deltas; amalgamated slump‐channel complexes; slope gullies; and slope fan deposits. Incised channels at shelf‐edge delta front (2.0 to 4.4 km wide) comprise V‐shaped single channels and W‐shaped or irregular‐shaped channels which eroded shelf‐edge sandy deltaic deposits and retransferred them to the lower slope. Further slumping along channel walls may be triggered by the continuously channel downcutting process; and then these incised channels amalgamated and collapsed downslope to generate large‐scale coalesced slump‐channel complexes (15 to 35 km wide), which are regarded as the main delivery system to transport sandy deltaic deposits to the deep‐water basin. There are a series of V‐shaped or W‐shaped slope gullies (tens to hundreds of metres wide) developed along the lower slope, which further delivered sediments to slope fan systems. Slope fan systems are composed predominantly of basal debris flow massive and sandy turbidite channel and frontal splay deposits comprising one of the most important oil and gas reservoirs in the study area. Channelization and large‐scale slumping along the shelf‐edge delta front are regarded as the most important dispersal mechanisms delivering sandy sediments across the shelf margin. Falling sea level was suggested to be one of the important factors causing the incision and large‐scale shelf margin slumps, whereas the unstable high (800 to 1200 m) and steep (5° to 8°) shelf‐edge delta and slope clinoforms provide a pre‐condition for large‐scale shelf‐edge collapse.
A very‐long‐chain fatty acid synthesis gene, SD38, influences plant height by activating ethylene biosynthesis in rice
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Wang Ying , Wang Xiaowen , Zhu Zhu , Zhang Xuefei , Jia Luqi , Li Yangyang , Tian Weijiang , Chen Hongyan , Zhu Xiaoyan , He Guanghua , Sang Xianchun 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYAs an important trait in crop breeding, plant height is associated with lodging resistance and yield. With the identification and cloning of several semi‐dwarfing genes, increasing numbers of semi‐dwarf cultivars have emerged, which has led to a ‘green revolution’ in rice (Oryza sativa) production. In this study, we identified a rice semi‐dwarf mutant, semi‐dwarf 38 (sd38), which showed significantly reduced cell length. SD38 encodes a fatty acid elongase, β‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase, which is involved in the synthesis of very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Expression analysis showed that SD38 was localized on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, and was expressed in all analyzed tissues with differential abundance. The mutation of SD38 affected lipid metabolism in the sd38 mutant. A functional complementarity test in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicated that SD38 was capable of complementing the deficiency of ELO3p activity in BY4741‐elo3 knockout yeast cells by participating in the synthesis of C24:0 VLCFA. Significant changes were observed in the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis, which resulted in reduced content of the ethylene precursor 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) in the sd38 mutant. Exogenously supplied VLCFA (C24:0) increased the expression levels of OsACS3, OsACS4, and OsACO7 and the plant height of sd38 mutant seedlings, similar to the effect of exogenous application of ACC and ethephon. These results reveal a relationship among VLCFAs, ethylene biosynthesis, and plant height and improve our understanding of plant height development in crops.
Decolonial encounter with neo‐nationalism: The politics of indigeneity and land rights struggles in Okinawa
Authors: Nishiyama Hidefumi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to make a contribution to ongoing debates in decolonial, indigenous, and island geographies through a case study of the Okinawan indigenous movement and its recent encounter with a neo‐nationalist, and in effect neocolonial, movement. The Okinawan indigenous movement emerged against the backdrop of the continuing US military presence on Okinawa Island, which is the direct result of the post‐war American military occupation and continues to be maintained by Japanese post‐colonial policies. In the early 2000s, the movement achieved indigenous recognition by United Nations human rights bodies, which have since issued recommendations to the Japanese government to implement protective measures for the islanders, including indigenous land rights measures that are hoped to alleviate the militarised colonial situation. Not only does the Japanese government continue to ignore the recommendations, but the Okinawan indigenous movement today also confronts a new form of neocolonialism. In the past few years, a group of neo‐nationalists and conservative politicians have initiated a countermovement against the Okinawan indigenous status. They have mobilised the unpopularity of the term ‘indigenous people’ in Japanese (‘senjūmin’) among Okinawans as a pretext for demanding the retraction of the recommendations. The case study shows that the different conceptualisations of decolonisation and indigeneity represent not only an analytical usefulness but also an empirical importance for they create a space in which these ideas can be (ab)used to both promote and hinder a decolonial pursuit of the reappropriation of colonised (is)lands. It illustrates a particular geopolitics of knowledge in which different actors mobilise different understandings of decolonisation and indigeneity for a decolonial or neocolonial end. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges for decolonial geographies that arise from the present study.
Carbon monoxide and multi‐pollutants flow between China and India: A multiregional input–output model
Authors: Li Yan , Wei Yigang , Xu Hanxiao , Liu Huanwen , Chevallier Julien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the spatial and temporal characteristics of the transfer of pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX), and particulate matter with particle size below 10 microns (PM10), which are embodied in the bilateral trade between China and India, and the transfer paths between various industries. A multiregional input–output model (MRIO) is constructed based on the EORA Database to track the economic connections and the effects of specific products across regional supply chains. The empirical results indicate the following significant findings. China is a net exporter of embodied pollutants in bilateral trade, and India is a net importer. CO accounted for the most significant amount of pollutants emitted by the bilateral trade between China and India. The energy intensity has mainly adverse effects on emissions of six pollutants, while the consumption scale has overall positive effects. Metal products and mining and quarrying are the top two industries producing the highest emissions at the export ends. The emissions of certain pollutants, such as SO2, are also particularly pronounced in individual sectors. Construction and electrical and machinery are the highest CO‐importing sectors of China and India.
Computed tomographic measurements of the femoral trochlea in dogs with and without medial patellar luxation
Authors: Longo Federico , Memarian Parastoo , Knell Sebastian Christoph , Contiero Barbara , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine cutoff values in small (SB) and medium/large (MLB) breed dogs with and without medial patellar luxation (MPL) for identifying abnormal femoral trochlea morphology.Study designOriginal research.AnimalsA total of 80 computed tomographic (CT) scans from client‐owned dogsMethodsFour groups of 20 dogs were created: (1) control SB, (2) control MLB, (3) MPL‐SB, and (4) MPL‐MLB. Two authors measured the femoral trochlear groove angle (FTGA), femoral trochlear angle (FTA), and femoral trochlear ridge inclination angle (FTRIA) in two points with CT. ANOVA and ROC‐analysis were tested to the control and MPL groups to assess sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values. Statistical significance was set top < .05. Intraclass correlation coefficients evaluated the inter‐rater agreement.ResultsFTGA (± SD) in control SB (128.8° ± 4.7°) and control MLB (119.2° ± 5.6°), was smaller (p < .0001) than in MPL‐SB (139.4° ± 4.4°) and MPL‐MLB (133.7° ± 5.1°). FTA and FTRIA were decreased (p = .12,p = .23) in MPL‐SB (2.1° ± 6.8; −0.3° ± 3.3°) and MPL‐MLB (3.8° ± 5.6°; 1.7° ± 4.5°) compared to control SB (0.2° ±4.1; −0.1° ± 2.6°) and control MLB (5.3° ± 2.8°; 3.1° ± 1.3°). Cutoff values for FTGA, FTA, and FTRIA were > 134°, < −5.9°, < −2 ° (SB), and > 128.3°, < −0.4°, < −0.4° (MLB). Sensitivity, specificity, and inter‐rater agreement were superior for FTGA than FTA and FTRIA.ConclusionsDogs without MPL had a deeper femoral trochlear groove than MPL dogs. SB had a shallower groove than MLB. The measurement of FTA and FTRIA was not reliable.Clinical relevanceA FTGA <134° (SB) and < 128° (MLB) may be considered as a cutoff for trochleoplasty decision‐making.
Monotonic Gaussian Process for Physics-Constrained Machine Learning With Materials Science Applications
Authors: Tran Anh , Maupin Kathryn , Rodgers Theron 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Physics-constrained machine learning is emerging as an important topic in the field of machine learning for physics. One of the most significant advantages of incorporating physics constraints into machine learning methods is that the resulting model requires significantly less data to train. By incorporating physical rules into the machine learning formulation itself, the predictions are expected to be physically plausible. Gaussian process (GP) is perhaps one of the most common methods in machine learning for small datasets. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of constraining a GP formulation with monotonicity on three different material datasets, where one experimental and two computational datasets are used. The monotonic GP is compared against the regular GP, where a significant reduction in the posterior variance is observed. The monotonic GP is strictly monotonic in the interpolation regime, but in the extrapolation regime, the monotonic effect starts fading away as one goes beyond the training dataset. Imposing monotonicity on the GP comes at a small accuracy cost, compared to the regular GP. The monotonic GP is perhaps most useful in applications where data are scarce and noisy, and monotonicity is supported by strong physical evidence.
Mitigation of Heat Transfer Deterioration of Supercritical CO2 Vertical Tube Upward Flows by Introducing Truncated-Ribs in Helical-Like Distribution
Authors: Hangfei Duan , Gongnan Xie , Yuan Ma , Shulei Li , Bengt Sunden 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To effectively alleviate the heat transfer deterioration (HTD) phenomenon of supercritical CO2 flow in a vertical circular tube, this paper proposes multiple truncated ribs from a whole O-ring rib but distributed in helical-like distribution. The fluid hydraulics and thermal performance with a verified standard k–ω mode are numerically explored. The effects of the height, the distance, and the number of truncated ribs on flow characteristics, and heat transfer are observed and analyzed in detail. Results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases significantly with increasing rib height, and as the pitch decreases the fluid recirculation area behind each rib decreases, resulting in stronger mixing of swirling flow, which enhances turbulent kinetic energy in the downstream and weakens the buoyancy force, thus mitigating heat transfer deterioration. This study suggests that introducing multiple truncated ribs distributed along helices into circular vertical tubes can be a beneficial way to alleviate heat transfer deterioration and to enhance heat transfer of supercritical CO2 flow.
Annular Dump Diffuser and Deswirl System for Back-Pressure Control in Engine-Scale Transonic Annular Cascade
Authors: Michaud Mathias , Ornano Francesco , Povey Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A common requirement for turbomachinery testing facilities is the ability to independently control Mach number and Reynolds number. In practice, this means independent control of the inlet total pressure and exit static pressure in a test facility. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem with particular applicability to large-scale annular test facilities. We describe the design and commissioning of a combined annular dump diffuser and deswirl system for back-pressure control in environments with high-whirl transonic flow. The particular application was an annular cascade of nozzle guide vanes from a current civil engine. The purpose was to provide independent control of Mach number and Reynolds number, by controlling the back-pressure in the intermediate annular plenum which forms the dump diffuser. The dump diffuser is necessary to facilitate optical and probe access (without interaction effects) and to reduce the risk of exit static pressure disturbances (due to particular duct design). The system has been installed and validated in the engine component aerothermal (ECAT) facility at the University of Oxford. In this implementation of the system, the high-whirl transonic flow from the nozzle guide vanes passes through a short, parallel annular duct, and is dumped into an annular plenum, before being re-accelerated into a deswirl vane ring. The deswirl ring turns the flow to the axial direction. The flow is then discharged through a variable choke plate into a silencer. Conditioning the flow to have zero whirl at the choke plate reduces the sensitivity of the choke plate effective blockage to the whirl angle. The design, deswirl vane aerodynamic performance, and overall system performance are assessed with detailed experiments and 3D unsteady computational fluid dynamics predictions. The control of high-whirl transonic flow is notoriously challenging, and the deswirl system has application to exhaust conditioning in a number of applications including annular cascade experiments and rocket turbo-pump exhaust systems.