bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waiver of the Right to Set-Aside Proceedings in Light of Article 6 ECHR: Party-Autonomy on Top?
Authors: Ribbers Pauline , Knigge Marte 
Published: March 2022

Party autonomy is an important principle in arbitration. Parties that opt for arbitration are, to a certain extent, free to organize the arbitral process. The exact scope of this freedom is unclear, especially where fundamental rights of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) are at stake. On 1 March 2016, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) rendered a decision that can shed more light on the scope of the autonomy of parties in arbitration proceedings. In the decision Tabbane v. Switzerland the parties had concluded a so-called ‘exclusion agreement’. By means of such an agreement parties waive, in advance, their right to seek set-aside proceedings at the state court. This article analyses the decision of the European Court and addresses questions such as: must parties, who have agreed to exclude the right to set aside an award, be regarded as having waived all of their rights guaranteed by Article 6 ECHR? And, how far does the responsibility of states extend for the course of affairs during arbitral proceedings?
The Good Faith Principle in the Context of the Enforcement of New York Convention Awards: An Analysis of Hong Kongs Position in Light of the Apparently Conflicting Court Decisions
Authors: Ye Alex 
Published: March 2022

In the recent landmark case Astro v. Lippo, the Hong Kong Court of Appeal adopted an approach of applying the good faith principle in the context of the enforcement of New York Convention awards that departed from the previous approach adopted by the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal in the Hebei case. This article aims to ascertain Hong Kong’s position on the good faith principle in the situation that led to the apparently conflicting approaches. This is concerned with the situation where an award-debtor could have raised, but failed to raise, objections to challenge the award before the supervisory courts of the seat of arbitration, but applies to resist enforcement of the award before the enforcing court. This article argues that the apparently conflicting approaches should be reconciled by differentiating the grounds of resisting enforcement between jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional grounds. In the author’s view, the good faith principle is not applicable if the ground for objection relates to jurisdiction. The award-debtor can still seek resisting enforcement on jurisdictional grounds before the enforcing court. If the ground does not relate to jurisdiction, a breach of good faith would be established. The award-debtor would then be precluded from raising the relevant points (i.e., factual foundation) relating to the grounds of resisting enforcement that it could have, but did not raise at the supervisory courts of the seat before the enforcing court.
Ravelli v. Digitsteel Integrated Services Ltd.: Does the Arbitration and Conciliation Act Preclude the Arbitration of Employment Disputes in Nigeria?
Authors: Ikeyi Nduka , Onyeabor Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

The long title of Nigeria’s Arbitration Act describes the Act as ‘a unified framework for the fair and efficient settlement of commercial disputes by arbitration’. Section 57(1) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act (ACA) does not include the National Industrial Court of Nigeria (NIC or ‘the court’) in its definition of ‘court’. (The NIC is a specialized High Court with exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine labour and employment disputes.) Relying on the provisions of section 57(1) of the ACA, the NIC in Ravelli v. Digitsteel Integrated Services Ltd. recently held that it is not enabled to apply the ACA, and further that the ACA does not apply to employment disputes. Accordingly, the NIC refused to assist the applicant to give effect to an arbitration agreement contained in an employment contract. This case comment reviews the decision in the Ravelli case and contends that, based upon a different rationale, the NIC might have taken jurisdiction to consider, and perhaps grant, the application.
Arbitration, employment dispute, trade dispute, Arbitration and Conciliation Act, Trade Disputes Act, National Industrial Court of Nigeria, jurisdiction, employment contract, arbitration agreement, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
Admissibility of Electronic Awards in the UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdiction: Polish Law Example
Authors: Kalisz Beata Gessel- Kalinowska Vel 
Published: March 2022

The author examines whether an award signed electronically can be deemed to constitute an award in writing as provided for in Article 31 of the UNCITRAL Model Law, which is reflected verbatim in article 1197 of the Polish Civil Code. The conclusion is that an electronic signature as such is functionally equivalent to the written signature. Having said that, not all types of electronic signature can be admitted in this respect. The eIDAS Regulation (Regulation 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on electronic identification and trust services) provides for three types of electronic signature: regular, advanced, and qualified, stating that the qualified signature should be deemed as equivalent to the written signature. The author is of the opinion that both the advanced and qualified electronic signatures fulfil the requirements of the form ‘in writing’, ensuring the safeguards as listed in article 26 of the Regulation. Specifically: it is uniquely linked to the signatory; it is capable of identifying the signatory; it is created using electronic signature creation data that the signatory can, with a high level of confidence, use under his sole control; and it is linked to the data signed therewith in such a way that any subsequent change in the data is detectable.
arbitration, form of acts in law, arbitration award, electronic form, UNCITRAL model law, electronic signature, eIDAS Regulation
Is Arbitration Helping or Hindering the Protection of the Environment and Public Health?
Authors: Granier Thomas , Grierson Jacob , Karsenti Sacha 
Published: March 2022

On the occasion of the sixth edition of the Casablanca Arbitration Days, some leading arbitration practitioners from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and further afield convened to discuss an important and topical issue: ‘is arbitration helping or hindering the protection of the environment and public health?’. This conference examined the various areas where arbitration and the protection of the environment and public health interface. First, from a substantive view point, it is clear that environmental issues have become prevalent in commercial arbitration and that the latter has proven to be well suited to resolve such issues. Secondly, while some steps have already been taken in this respect, the climate change crisis requires the international arbitration community to change its ways and arbitrate in a much more environmentally friendly way. Thirdly, amidst the progressive emergence of environmental issues in investment arbitration and the responses that have already been provided by investment treaty arbitral tribunals, numerous uncertainties remain in respect of the way in which environmental issues should be treated. There is no doubt that environmental issues will give rise to intense debates before investment tribunals (and courts) and in legal literature in the near future. Finally, in addition to the protection of the environment, the arbitration community has already begun addressing (and, we would submit, successfully so) the substantive and procedural issues related to the protection of public health, in particular as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic. This article provides an account of what was said about these various topics during this edition of the Casablanca Arbitration Days.
Arbitration, Environment, Public health, Climate, Challenges, Digitalization, Disputes, Commercial, Investment, COVID-19
The Advance on Costs in Arbitration: Reimbursement of Substituted Payment
Authors: Williams Thomas , Durrani Ahmed , Singh Umang 
Published: March 2022

This article explores the issues arising from the refusal of a respondent to pay its share of the advance on costs in an arbitration, the claimant’s substituted payment in respect of it, and the claimant’s entitlement to immediate reimbursement by the respondent before the final award is rendered and costs are allocated. The article will discuss the position under various institutional rules and draw a comparative analysis between them. It will also explore the legal basis of a claim for reimbursement, consider the approach that arbitral tribunals should adopt when granting relief, and examine a recent partial award in a Doha-seated International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) arbitration which ordered the immediate reimbursement of a substituted payment of the advance on costs.
arbitration, advance on costs, substituted payment, immediate reimbursement, award, order
To Stay or Not to Stay? A Clash of Arbitration and Insolvency Regimes
Authors: Chan Darius , Rajagopal Sidharrth 
Published: March 2022

In the wake of the global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a rise in creditorinitiated winding-up proceedings is likely to be impending in coming years (See e.g., RCMA Asia Pte. Ltd. v. Sun Electric Power Pte. Ltd. [2020] SGHC 205). At the same time, geopolitical developments, such as the scale and ambition of Belt &amp; Road Initiative projects, have raised questions over the issue of debt sustainability. Given the prevalence of arbitration clauses in modern international commercial and project agreements, the interplay and relationship between insolvency and dispute resolution, and especially arbitration, requires careful attention. While the intersections between the arbitration and insolvency regimes are numerous and multi-faceted, (Jennifer Permesly et al. ‘IBA Toolkit on Insolvency and Arbitration’ International Bar Association (March 2021), www.ibanet.org/LPD/Dispute_Resolution_Section/ Arbitration/toolkit-arbitration-insolvency.aspx (accessed 18 April 2021) the impact of an arbitration clause on winding-up petitions has attracted recent case law. The English, Hong Kong, and Singapore courts have each taken differing approaches to the question of how to deal with winding-up petitions presented over disputed debts that are subject to an arbitration clause. On one end of the spectrum, the Hong Kong courts currently appear to prefer a relatively more creditor-friendly approach. On the other hand, the Singapore Court of Appeal recently laid down a relatively more debtor-friendly approach. Undertaking a comparative analysis of the approaches taken by different common law jurisdiction, this article argues that the Singapore Court of Appeal’s approach is preferable. However, at least for courts in United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law jurisdictions (or jurisdictions where the mandatory stay regime of the Model Law is adopted), they ought to find that a disputed debt subject to an arbitration clause falls within the scope of the mandatory stay regime under the Model Law. This article further suggests a possible way in which the approach of the Singapore Court of Appeal can be reconciled with the mandatory stay regime under Singapore’s enactment of the Model Law.
mandatory stay, triable issues, Salford, standard of review. insolvency, VTB, Lasmos, prima facie, Tomolugen
Due Diligence in International Investment Law
Authors: Burgstaller Markus , Risso Giorgio 
Published: March 2022

The obligation to exercise due diligence – which is commonly understood as the degree of care that is legally required or that is to be reasonably expected – emerged in international law in the seventeenth century to mediate inter-State relations. Due diligence then developed throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the context of the protection of aliens. Against this background, the article analyses the obligation to exercise due diligence in international investment law. The analysis shows that due diligence plays an important role in several aspects of the protection of foreign investments. First, it is accepted that investors should act with due diligence to: (1) benefit from the standards of protection set out in investment treaties; and (2) ensure compliance with host State law. Second, host States are expected to exercise due diligence with regard to substantive standards of protection, particularly the full protection and security (FPS) standard. While investment tribunals have clearly identified the scope of investors’ and host States’ due diligence, there is no conclusive indication as to the precise requirements to comply with the obligation to exercise due diligence.
Due diligence, fair and equitable treatment standard, legitimate expectations, host State law, full protection and security standard
The ACICA Arbitration Rules 2021: Advancing Australia’s Pro-Arbitration Culture
Authors: Nottage Luke , Tang Robert , Dreosti Julia 
Published: March 2022

This article compares the new Rules of the Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration (ACICA) with ACICA’s 2016 Rules and those of other arbitration institutions, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. It shows how the revisions help to minimize formalization and promote efficiencies, arguably essential for arbitration’s legitimacy given that many of arbitration’s design features are traded off for an attenuated model of the rule of the law, according to a recent analysis by Singapore’s Chief Justice Sundaresh Menon. The article explains new ACICA Rules aimed at reducing costs and delays, including measures to deepen digitalization of arbitration following the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic and to reduce the consent-based limitations inherent in arbitration, especially for multi-party and multi-contract disputes. Other new provisions include time limits for awards, and reference to mediation, although not ultimately hybrid Arb-Med. The article also examines how the Rules balance confidentiality with transparency, including new provisions for disclosure of third-party funding. It concludes by reiterating how the 2021 ACICA Rules help meet the expectations of international arbitration users and practitioners, according to recent surveys, and link to possible further reforms to underpin Australia’s increasingly pro-arbitration culture.
international commercial arbitration, Rules, Australia, Asia-Pacific, remote hearings, confidentiality, third-party funding, law reform, costs and delays
The Responsibilities of Executive Leader at University: A Narrative Study
Authors: Gilani Uzma Syeda , Khan Umar Ali 
Published: March 2022

The leadership is the leading and burning issue and solely responsible for the success and failure of all the organizations including the higher education institutions. It is the leadership whose main role is the inspiration and motivation of students towards their curriculum and workforces for the attainment of institutional tasks and responsibilities effectively. The vice-chancellor is the sole academic and the administrative leader of the University. This study narrated the views of selective Vice Chancellors of KP, Pakistan regarding performing their responsibilities. A structured interview was coded into the responsibility theme and thenconducted face to face interview from each leader at their respective universities. The data was the transcript, compared through the tables and interpreted in the form of conceptual map. The trustworthiness of the study was based on persistent observation, member checking, and debriefing. There were differences in their narrative views regarding their strengths and weakness, hiring eligibility, their point of difficulty of decision making, criticism faced by subordinates from person to person
Study on the effects of bonded-stress between concrete and corroded rebar
Authors: Doan Dinh Thien Vuong , Nguyen Dinh Hung , Dao Duy Kien , Nguyen Thanh Hung 
Published: March 2022

In this study, the bond stress between steel bar with a diameter of 12mmand concrete was examined with the effect of different corrosion levels and different concrete grades. A steel bar was inserted in a concrete block with a size of 20x20x20cm. The compressive strength of concrete was 25.6MPa, 35.1MPa, and 44.1MPa. These specimens were soaked into solution NalCl3.5% to accelerate the corrosion process at a different time and corrosion levels. The pull-out test was conducted. Results showed that the bond strength of the corroded steel bar was higher than that predicted from CEB-FIP [1]. Slip displacement and the range of slip displacement at the bond strength were reduced when the concrete compressive strength was increased.
Efektivitas Discharge Planning pada Ibu Postpartum terhadap Perilaku Menyusui di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh : Randomized Controlled Trial Tahun 2018
Authors: X Darmawati , X Syahbandi , X Cut Delyani 
Published: March 2022

Postpartum merupakan masa yang praktis untuk memberikan informasi kepada ibu tentang beberapa hal penting, salah satunya mengenai teknik menyusui yang benar dalam pemberian ASI. Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif selama 6 bulan yang mengandung banyak nutrisi penting ini dapat membantu perkembangan kognitif anak, bahasa, dan saraf. Selain itu, teknik menyusui yang benar akan membentuk interaksi antara ibu dan anak yang kemudian akan meningkatkan kepekaan ibu dan bayi terkait ikatan kasih sayang antar sesamanya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pendidikan kesehatan yang awal saat pasien masuk dengan pemberian disharge planning yang sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas discharge planning pada ibu postpartum terhadap perilaku menyusui di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest. Kelompok ini mendapat perlakuan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali dengan kuesioner sebelum intervensi (O1) pretest, dan perlakuan intervensi (O2) posttest, serta pada hari ke 42 responden dihubungi via telepon untuk menanyakan apakah masih menyusui eksklusif atau tidak. Penelitian dilakukan di ruang bersalin dan ruang kebidanan Arafah 3 Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh sejak bulan Mei sampai September 2018. Penentuan subjek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik paired t-test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat pengetahuan ibu postpartum dalam menyusui sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi discharge planning (p value = 0.001), terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat sikap ibu postpartum dalam menyusui sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi discharge planning (p value = 0.001), terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat tindakan ibu postpartum dalam menyusui sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi discharge planning (p value = 0.000), dan secara umum terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat perilaku ibu postpartum dalam menyusui karena tindakan tersebut dilakukan sejak awal pasien masuk dan dipantau sampai pasien pulang dengan menggunakan media booklet yang mudah dipahami oleh ibu.
Gambaran Anemia Defisiensi Besi Pada Kejang Demam Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh
Authors: Anidar Anidar , Haris Syafruddin , Dimiati Herlina 
Published: March 2022

Kejang demam adalah bangkitan kejang yang terjadi pada kenaikan suhu tubuh di atas 380C yang disebabkan oleh suatu proses ekstrakranium. Kejang demam merupakan salah satu kejadian bangkitan kejang yang sering dijumpai pada anak balita dan merupakan peristiwa yang mengkhawatirkan bagi orang tua, dan tingginya angka kejadian dimasyarakat. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kejang demam adalah anemia defisiensi besi karena besi memiliki peran penting dalam fungsi penghantaran serabut saraf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan anemia defisiensi besi dengan kejang demam. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien anak umur 1–5 tahun yang didiagnosis kejang demam yang dirawat di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin tahun 2019 yang tercatat pada rekam medis. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini ada 40 orang terdiri dari 23 subyek dengan kejang demam sederhana dan 17 subyek dengan kejang demam kompleks. Variabel yang diteliti adalah usia, jenis kelamin, suhu tubuh, faktor genetik dan anemia defisiensi besi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kejang demam sederhana 23(57.5%) dan kejang demam kompleks 17(42.5%). Jenis kelamin laki-laki didapatkan paling banyak yaitu 25(62.5%) ,suhu tubuh ≥390C 21(52.5%) subyek, faktor genetik yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kejang demam yaitu 17(42.5%). Anemia defisiensi besi didapatkan pada sebagian besar kejang demam yaitu 30(75%). Pada kejang demam kompleks didapatkan persentase anemia defisiensi besi lebih tinggi yaitu 15/17(88.2%). Fokus infeksi penyebab kejang demam adalah sebagian besar infeksi saluran pernafasan atas yaitu 37/40(92.5%). Terdapat gambaran anemia defisiensi besi pada sebagian besar pada subyek kejang demam pada anak balita di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh pada tahun 2019.
Korelasi Angka Leukosit Dengan Skor Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Dan Skor Montreal Cognitive Assessment Versi Indonesia (MoCA-INA) Pada Pasien Cedera Kepala
Authors: X Ika Marlia , Suherman Suherman , Suhanda Rahmad , Hidayaturrahmi Hidayaturrahmi , Juwita Juwita 
Published: March 2022

Cedera kepala langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi kognitif. Gangguan fungsi kognitif jangka panjang dan tidak dilakukan penanganan optimal dapat mempengaruhi kemandirian dan mengganggu aktifitas sehari-hari bahkan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini dilkaukan untuk mengetahui gambaran angka leukosit, fungsi kognitif (skor MMSE dan skor MoCA-Ina) dan derajat cedera kepala pada pasien cedera kepala. Digunakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah 49 pasien cedera kepala yang dirawat di ruang rawat neurologi RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) dan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (MoCA-INA). Uji hipotesis yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square. Didapatkan hasil bahwa, sebanyak 28 pasien dengan angka leukosit >11.000/ µL (57,1%), 37 pasien dengan fungsi kognitif normal berdasarkan skor MMSE (75,5%), 47 pasien dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif ringan berdasarkan skor MoCA-Ina (47%), dan 22 pasien dengan cedera kepala berat (44,9%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara angka leukosit dengan skor MMSE (p= 0,675) dan skor MoCA-INA (p= 0,409). Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara-angka leukosit dengan skor Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) dan skor Montreal Cognitive Assessment Versi Indonesia (MoCA-INA) pada pasien cedera kepala.