bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Applications of Porous Biomaterials: Features of Porosity and Tissue‐Specific Implications for Biocompatibility
Authors: Hernandez Jamie L. , Woodrow Kim A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPorosity is an important material feature commonly employed in implants and tissue scaffolds. The presence of material voids permits the infiltration of cells, mechanical compliance, and outward diffusion of pharmaceutical agents. Various studies have confirmed that porosity indeed promotes favorable tissue responses, including minimal fibrous encapsulation during the foreign body reaction (FBR). However, increased biofilm formation and calcification is also described to arise due to biomaterial porosity. Additionally, the relevance of host responses like the FBR, infection, calcification, and thrombosis are dependent on tissue location and specific tissue microenvironment. In this review, the features of porous materials and the implications of porosity in the context of medical devices is discussed. Common methods to create porous materials are also discussed, as well as the parameters that are used to tune pore features. Responses toward porous biomaterials are also reviewed, including the various stages of the FBR, hemocompatibility, biofilm formation, and calcification. Finally, these host responses are considered in tissue specific locations including the subcutis, bone, cardiovascular system, brain, eye, and female reproductive tract. The effects of porosity across the various tissues of the body is highlighted and the need to consider the tissue context when engineering biomaterials is emphasized.
Reunderstanding the Reaction Mechanism of Aqueous Zn–Mn Batteries with Sulfate Electrolytes: Role of the Zinc Sulfate Hydroxide
Authors: Chen Hao , Dai Chunlong , Xiao Fangyuan , Yang Qiuju , Cai Shinan , Xu Maowen , Fan Hong Jin , Bao Shu‐Juan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Zn–Mn batteries have garnered extensive attention for next‐generation high‐safety energy storage. However, the charge‐storage chemistry of Zn–Mn batteries remains controversial. Prevailing mechanisms include conversion reaction and cation (de)intercalation in mild acid or neutral electrolytes, and a MnO2/Mn2+ dissolution−deposition reaction in strong acidic electrolytes. Herein, a Zn4SO4·(OH)6·xH2O (ZSH)‐assisted deposition−dissolution model is proposed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and capacity origin in Zn–Mn batteries based on mild acidic sulfate electrolytes. In this new model, the reversible capacity originates from a reversible conversion reaction between ZSH and ZnxMnO(OH)2 nanosheets in which the MnO2 initiates the formation of ZSH but contributes negligibly to the apparent capacity. The role of ZSH in this new model is confirmed by a series of operando characterizations and by constructing Zn batteries using other cathode materials (including ZSH, ZnO, MgO, and CaO). This research may refresh the understanding of the most promising Zn–Mn batteries and guide the design of high‐capacity aqueous Zn batteries.
Optical Modification of 2D Materials: Methods and Applications
Authors: Akkanen Suvi‐Tuuli Marianne , Fernandez Henry Alexander , Sun Zhipei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract2D materials are under extensive research due to their remarkable properties suitable for various optoelectronic, photonic, and biological applications, yet their conventional fabrication methods are typically harsh and cost‐ineffective. Optical modification is demonstrated as an effective and scalable method for accurate and local in situ engineering and patterning of 2D materials in ambient conditions. This review focuses on the state of the art of optical modification of 2D materials and their applications. Perspectives for future developments in this field are also discussed, including novel laser tools, new optical modification strategies, and their emerging applications in quantum technologies and biotechnologies.
Harmonic Generation in Low‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Meng Yafei , Shi Yi , Wang Fengqiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLow‐dimensional materials (LDMs) provide an unprecedented avenue having the potential to disruptively revolutionize the information and communication technologies. The rise of nonlinear photonics in LDMs began about in 2009 and has now become an important research direction. While harmonic generation, a widely studied nonlinear optical effect, can be a powerful probe to low‐dimensional physics, it may also find applications in bioimaging, optical signal processing, and novel coherent light sources. In this work, the state‐of‐the‐art advances in harmonic generation are reviewed in a range of emerging LDMs. The criteria of chiral selection rules for the second and third harmonic generations are also provided. In particular, different strategies to tune and enhance harmonic generation in LDMs are discussed, including excitonic effects, interlayer twisting angle, electric field, and cavity resonance among others. It is believed that harmonic generation in LDMs will continue to grow, thus lying the basis for practical applications.
High‐Frequency Ultrasound Boosts Bull and Human Sperm Motility
Authors: Gai Junyang , Dervisevic Esma , Devendran Citsabehsan , Cadarso Victor J. , O'Bryan Moira K. , Nosrati Reza , Neild Adrian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSperm motility is a significant predictor of male fertility potential and is directly linked to fertilization success in both natural and some forms of assisted reproduction. Sperm motility can be impaired by both genetic and environmental factors, with asthenozoospermia being a common clinical presentation. Moreover, in the setting of assisted reproductive technology clinics, there is a distinct absence of effective and noninvasive technology to increase sperm motility without detriment to the sperm cells. Here, a new method is presented to boost sperm motility by increasing the intracellular rate of metabolic activity using high frequency ultrasound. An increase of 34% in curvilinear velocity (VCL), 10% in linearity, and 32% in the number of motile sperm cells is shown by rendering immotile sperm motile, after just 20 s exposure. A similar effect with an increase of 15% in VCL treating human sperm with the same setting is also identified. This cell level mechanotherapy approach causes no significant change in cell viability or DNA fragmentation index, and, as such, has the potential to be applied to encourage natural fertilization or less invasive treatment choices such as in vitro fertilization rather than intracytoplasmic injection.
An All‐Fluorinated Electrolyte Toward High Voltage and Long Cycle Performance Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Yanjun , Dong Shuyu , Zhou Wenchong , Lee Pui‐Kit , Peng Zehua , Dang Chaoqun , Sit Patrick H.‐L. , Guo Junpo , Yu Denis Y. W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe dual‐ion battery (DIB) is a promising energy storage system that demonstrates high‐power characteristics and fast‐charging capability. However, conventional electrolytes are not compatible with the high‐voltage graphite cathode and the reactive Li metal anode, thus leading to the poor cycle stability and low Coulombic efficiency of the DIB. Here, an all‐fluorinated electrolyte is reported that can enable a highly stable operation of the graphite||Li DIB up to 5.2 V by forming robust and less‐resistive passivation films on both electrodes to reduce side reactions. The electrolyte allows reversible PF6– anion insertion/extraction and Li+ cation plating/stripping in the graphite||Li battery, achieving stable cycling with 94.5% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at 500 mA g–1, high capacity utilization of 91.8% of the available charge capacity at 50 C (5000 mA g–1), and also minimal self‐discharge. At a low temperature of 0 °C, this all‐fluorinated electrolyte exhibits 97.8% of the room temperature reversible capacity, along with ≈100% capacity retention after more than 3000 cycles, at 5 C. This work sheds a new light on the development of fluorinated electrolytes for high voltage and long‐lasting DIBs.
Heterosis and inheritance studies on morphological and chemical characters of tobacco
Authors: Kinay Ahmet , Kurt Dursun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHybrid breeding provides excellent convenience in obtaining products that meet the demands of producers and the market. This study aimed to develop new hybrid tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) varieties that meet the demands of tobacco producers and buyers to provide continuity in homogenous products and genetically to determine the effects of parameters investigated. In this study, five parents (OZE S2 [P1], OZE S1 [P2], Katerini [P3], Prilep [P4], and Bozcakaldere [P5]) with different characters and 10 hybrid genotypes obtained from the five parents were tested in five different locations in Aktekke in 2018, and Aktekke, Kelikler, Seyhulas, and Huseyinbeyli in 2019. The morphological and chemical parameters of genotypes were significantly (p < .05 and p < .01) different from each other. The average leaf width, leaf length, nicotine content, yield, and phenolic contents of the hybrids were higher than those of the parents (respectively hybrids and parents; 17.2–15.3 cm, 29.6–27.1 cm, 0.81–0.72%, 1,982–1,720 kg ha–1, 9.30–8.26 g kg–1). The results can be attributed to the slight influence of environmental factors and the high performance of hybrids. The results showed that especially the effect of leaf width on yield is higher than the leaf length and number of leaves, and the leaf is more important in terms of heredity. In addition, the results revealed that the nicotine ratio could be used as the primary selection criteria and the reducing sugar ratio as the main selection criteria for the next generations. Tobacco yield and quality grade index of P1×P3, P1×P4, and P1×P5 hybrids (respectively 2,030, 2,050, 2,060 kg ha–1 and 56, 52, 55%) were higher compared with the other hybrids.
Infrared temperature measurements and DEM simulations of heat transfer in a bladed mixer
Authors: Hartmanshenn Clara , Chaksmithanont Prin , Leung Carlin , Ghare Digvijay V. , Chakraborty Nabaneeta , Patel Sagar , Halota Madeline , Khinast Johannes G. , Papageorgiou Charles D. , Mitchell Chris , Quon Justin L. , Glasser Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn understanding of heat transfer in a bladed mixer is important for drying of pharmaceutical drug crystals. This study presents thermal imaging experiments of the particle bed surface in a bladed mixer to investigate how the impeller speed influences the rate and the uniformity of heat transfer. Next, the process is simulated using the discrete element method. The bed thermal properties are lumped into an effective thermal conductivity, that is calibrated for one impeller speed. The experiments and the simulations show the same trends and generally agree well for all agitated beds. However, to obtain good agreement of the rate of heat transfer between the simulations and experiments in a static bed, we need to adopt a higher thermal conductivity than for the agitated beds. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for the design of operating protocols.
Expanding the phenotype of HNRNPU‐related neurodevelopmental disorder with emphasis on seizure phenotype and review of literature
Authors: Taylor James , Spiller Michael , Ranguin Kara , Vitobello Antonio , Philippe Christophe , Bruel Ange‐Line , Cappuccio Gerarda , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Willems Marjolaine , Isidor Bertrand , Park Kristen , Balasubramanian Meena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPathogenic variants in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) results in a novel neurodevelopmental disorder recently delineated. Here, we report on 17 previously unpublished patients carrying HNRNPU pathogenic variants. All patients were found to harbor de novo loss‐of‐function variants except for one individual where the inheritance could not be determined, as a parent was unavailable for testing. All patients had seizures which started in early childhood, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features. In addition, hypotonia, behavioral abnormalities (such as autistic features, aggression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsive behaviors), and cardiac (septal defects) and/or brain abnormalities (ventriculomegaly and corpus callosum thinning/agenesis) were frequently observed. We have noted four recurrent variants in the literature (c.1089G>A p.(Trp363*), c.706_707del p.(Glu236Thrfs*6), c.847_857del p.(Phe283Serfs*5), and c.1681dels p.(Gln561Serfs*45)).
Iodine‐DMSO‐Promoted Oxygenation of Indoles: Synthesis of Isatin and Isoindigo
Authors: Rastogi Gaurav K. , Deka Bhaskar , Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOxygenation/oxidative self‐coupling of indole are performed to obtain isatin and isoindigo in the absence of metal catalysts. Iodine‐DMSO is used to synthesize isatin whereas Iodine‐DMSO‐K2S2O8 combination is used for isoindigo synthesis directly from indole in a single step. Though several methods are known for isatin synthesis from indole, most of them use large quantity of oxidants or metal catalyzed. Moreover, the primary existing process for the synthesis of isoindigo is the condensation of isatin and oxindole in the presence of an acid catalyst. But this method provides isoindigo derivatives directly from indoles. A plausible mechanism is also proposed based on the various control experiments which indicate that both the reactions proceed via radical route. It is also observed that oxygen atoms of isatin and isoindigo come from water molecule and DMSO.
Purine Nucleosides with a Reactive (β‐Iodovinyl)sulfone or a (β‐Keto)sulfone Group at the C8 Position and Their Polymerase‐Catalyzed Incorporation into DNA
Authors: Howlader Hasan , Suzol Sazzad H. , Blanco Kevin , Martin‐Rafa Lilian , Laverde Eduardo E. , Liu Yuan , Wnuk Stanislaw F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIodosulfonylation of an ethynyl group attached at C8‐position of 2′‐deoxyadenosine or 2′‐deoxyguanosine A with TsNa or TsNHNH2, as tosyl source, and I2 or KI, as iodide source, provided 8‐(1‐iodo‐2‐tosylvinyl) nucleosides B with (β‐iodovinyl)sulfone group tethered to C8 position of the purine ring. Treatment of B with ammonia followed by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the intermediary β‐sulfonylvinylamines C gave 8‐(β‐keto)sulfones D. The iodovinylsulfone probes B undergo nucleophilic substitution of iodide with thiols or amines, via an addition‐elimination path, to provide vinyl thioethers or vinyl amines, respectively. The 8‐(β‐keto)sulfone probes D react with electrophiles such as alkyl bromides resulting in α‐alkylation. The 5′‐triphosphate of 2′‐deoxyadenosine analog of D was incorporated by a human DNA polymerase into a double‐stranded DNA oligonucleotide possessing a one‐nucleotide gap substrate.
Self‐Propelled Multifunctional Microrobots Harboring Chiral Supramolecular Selectors for “Enantiorecognition‐on‐the‐Fly”
Authors: Muñoz Jose , Urso Mario , Pumera Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, a general procedure for the synthesis of multifunctional MRs, which simultaneously exhibit i) chiral, ii) magnetic, and iii) fluorescent properties in combination with iv) self‐propulsion, is reported. Self‐propelled Ni@Pt superparamagnetic microrockets have been functionalized with fluorescent CdS quantum dots carrying a chiral host biomolecule as β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). The “on‐the‐fly” chiral recognition potential of MRs has been interrogated by taking advantage of the β‐CD affinity to supramolecularly accommodate different chiral biomolecules (i.e., amino acids). As a proof‐of‐concept, tryptophan enantiomers have been discriminated with a dual‐mode (optical and electrochemical) readout. This approach paves the way to devise intelligent cargo micromachines with “built‐in” chiral supramolecular recognition capabilities to elucidate the concept of “enantiorecognition‐on‐the‐fly”, which might be facilely customized by tailoring the supramolecular host–guest encapsulation.
Synthesis of Distorted Nitrogen‐Doped Nanographenes by Partially Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Varghese Eldhose V. , Gao Chen‐Feng , Chang Yu‐Lun , Chen Hsing‐Yin , Chen Chia‐Hsiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of partially fused N‐doped nanographenes (2–4) are synthesized via the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of oligoaryl‐substituted dibenzo[e,l]pyrene (1), and five, six, and seven new C−C bonds are formed, respectively, implying stepwise C−C bond fusion and extended π‐conjugation. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of compound 4 a revealed that the presence of sterically demanding groups hindered the formation of planar and fully fused nanographene in the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reaction step. Optical study of compounds 2 to 4 showed that extended π‐conjugation leads to a regular stepwise bathochromic shift in the absorption and emission spectra. Furthermore, the HOMO–LUMO gaps of these compounds exhibit a decrease as C−C bond formation proceeds. Thus, the optoelectronic properties of nanographenes are highly dependent on the formation of new C−C bonds in the molecular skeleton.
Death or rebirth? How small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises respond to responsible investment
Authors: Sun Junxiu , Wang Feng , Yin Haitao , Zhao Rui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines how nonlisted small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) respond to the financial constraints imposed by responsible investment policies. We examined how SMEs' operational and environmental behaviors changed following China's Green Credit Policy, combining a synthetic control method with a triple difference‐in‐differences approach. We found that SMEs were likely to exit the market following the Green Credit Policy; however, the surviving SMEs significantly decreased their pollution. We also discovered that foreign firms and firms that received government subsidies were less susceptible to the policy and that the internal cash flow reserves of larger firms hardly changed, while that of SMEs significantly decreased after the policy. This indicates that for some SMEs with relatively poor environmental performance, there is not so much a lack of sufficient financing but rather the absence of strong incentives to change. Thus, financing constraints can stimulate a strong incentive to improve firms' environmental performance.
Salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab after prior anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Yuanquan , Mori Sherry V. , Li Mingjia , Hinkley Megan , Parikh Anish B. , Collier Katharine A. , Miah Abdul , Yin Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSalvage nivolumab and ipilimumab after prior anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy is frequently used off‐label for clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, limited data are available to guide such therapy. We performed a meta‐analysis to characterize further the safety and efficacy of salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA. Studies of salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with mRCC published in English before June 1, 2021 were included. We also included patients treated at the Ohio State University from 2012 to 2020 through a retrospective chart review. The included studies were further stratified into adaptive and standard groups based on their designs. We calculated objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs) via pooled data and quantitative synthesis using the Stata metaprop procedure. A conservative random effect model was used to combine values.ResultsA total of 7 studies and 310 patients were included. Salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab had an ORR of 14% (95% CI, 0.09–0.21) and median progression‐free survival ranged between 3.7 and 5.5 months. Four out of the seven studies were standard design, whereas the other three studies were adaptive. The ORR was numerically higher in the standard group compared with the adaptive group (21% and 9–10%, respectively). The responses to salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab did not correlate with the initial anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 responses (odds ratio = 1.45; p = 0.5). Grade ≥3 AEs occurred in 26% of the patients (95% CI, 0.19–0.33). There were no new safety signals observed in this study.ConclusionSalvage nivolumab and ipilimumab demonstrated moderate antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with mRCC who had prior anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy.Implication for PracticePatients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have limited treatment options after progressive disease on anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy. The role of salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab in this patient population is poorly defined. The studies on this highly important and clinically relevant topic are limited by small sample sizes. The results from our meta‐analysis suggest that nivolumab and ipilimumab are feasible in the salvage setting with moderate efficacy and acceptable toxicity profile. The response rates differ with different treatment designs. This information will be beneficial to guide clinical decision‐making and accurately estimating toxicity.
Adverse childhood experiences and potential pathways to filicide perpetration: A systematic search and review
Authors: Frederick John , Devaney John , Alisic Eva 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFilicides, where children are killed by their parents or stepparents, are uncommon occurrences, which are committed by both paternal and maternal perpetrators. The aim of this paper is to explore to what extent the antecedents of filicides can be traced back to one of the factors identified within the literature – the adverse childhood experiences of the perpetrators – and what this might mean for the way that services seek to intervene to safeguard and support children in precarious situations. Systematic searches were used to retrieve relevant articles in six electronic databases: AMED, CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO and SCOPUS. Key findings were that numerous studies reported significant levels of complex, multiple and sustained experiences of childhood adversity for many perpetrators, and that various potential pathways to filicide perpetration may emanate from such experiences. This review suggests that evidence‐based interventions should be made readily available early in life to persons experiencing adverse childhood experiences, together with supportive services to those who become parents and carers. Such support may help prevent the compounding of adversity over time, thereby reducing the potential for risk of harm and possible tragic outcomes for their dependent children.Key Practitioner Messages

Evidence‐based interventions should be made readily available early in life to persons experiencing adverse childhood experiences, together with supportive services to those who become parents and carers.
Interventions need to provide early help to children whilst also incorporating a long‐term view of support.
Attention to planning and co‐ordination issues between varied services and practitioners can help overcome fragmentation, duplication and gaps in services.