bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The entrepreneurial orientation of LGBT Brazilian start‐ups: Context and antecedents
Authors: Cavalcanti André L. , Ferreira João J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the context and the antecedents of the entrepreneurship of minorities have attracted the interest of researchers in recent years, even though few studies have focused on the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transvestite, Transsexual or Transgender (LGBT) minorities. In keeping with this shortcoming, the objectives of this study involve identifying the context and the antecedents of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of LGBT minority entrepreneurs through a qualitative study deploying semi‐structured interviews with six Brazilian entrepreneurs belonging to this minority community. A qualitative methodology was carried out based on the content analysis of interviews and its relationship with the theoretical framework. Based on the framework of theories on marginalization and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO), the results demonstrate that in most cases, this type of LGBT entrepreneur experiences discrimination in socio‐normative working environments, which may directly or indirectly shape their interests in entrepreneurship. The results also reflect how entrepreneurship becomes interconnected with a feeling of liberation felt by these individuals in openly declaring their sexuality and fostering the confidence capable of motivating them for entrepreneurship. This study furthermore identifies how the pursuit of success in this minority needs to apply a broader perspective than simply status or financial goals while also contributing with a proposed conceptual model and suggestions for future research studies.
Dynamics of blowouts indicating the process of grassland desertification
Authors: Zhou Yanguang , Hasi Eerdun , Wang Zhuoran , Qing Damuni , Han Xujiao , Yin Jie , Wu Zifeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSand desertification is a serious ecological and environmental problem in semiarid grassland areas; thus an accurate understanding of its causes and process mechanisms is of significance for grassland desertification control. With the popularization of remote sensing monitoring technology, most research has focused on analyzing the trends of grassland sand patches and their impact on regional desertification, whereas fewer studies have explored the mechanisms of grassland desertification development. This study analyzed the dynamic changes in grassland landscape in the Hulun Buir grassland of China via multiperiod high‐resolution remote sensing images from 1959 to 2020, and examined the morphological changes, erosion patterns, grain size characteristics and sediment compaction of two trough blowouts. Our study noted that under climate change and human activities, grassland desertification is becoming increasingly serious, and its main manifestation is the occurrence and expansion of blowouts. Changes in blowout morphologies indicate that the area of the deflation basin shows a state of continuous growth, whereas the area of the depositional lobe shows fluctuating changes, which could mean that the deflation basin may be a useful indicator of desertification. Based on a detailed analysis of both climate and grassland changes, we believe that human activities determine the occurrence of blowouts, and climatic conditions determine the expansion of blowouts and the desertification degree. The morphological changes of blowouts are related to the removal mode and erosion resistance of the grassland soil, and the rate of removal of the soil limits the rate of blowout expansion.
High methane emissions from an anoxic fjord driven by mixing and oxygenation
Authors: Bonaglia Stefano , Rütting Tobias , Kononets Mikhail , Stigebrandt Anders , Santos Isaac R. , Hall Per O. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOceanic methane (CH4) budgets lack data from high‐latitude fjords that often behave as intermittently anoxic ecosystems with potentially high methane emissions. We conducted 15 expeditions and 49 in situ lander deployments in an anoxic Scandinavian fjord between 2009 and 2021. Benthic fluxes were highest at the deepest anoxic site (average 516 μmol CH4 m−2 d−1), supporting bottom water methane exceeding 5000 nM. Natural and engineered mixing events displaced methane‐rich bottom waters, enhancing upper water concentrations and driving high sea–air flux reaching 641 μmol CH4 m−2 d−1. Mixing also reduced pelagic methane oxidation from 70% to 20% of all methane sources into the fjord. Upscaling of literature fluxes combined with our results suggests that fjords globally emit 1.0 ± 0.8 Tg CH4 yr−1. Despite their small global area, fjords are hotspots of methane release. We suggest that ongoing deoxygenation and global change will enhance methane emissions from fjords.
Role of Molecular Weight in the Mechanical Properties and Charge Transport of Conjugated Polymers Containing Siloxane Side Chains
Authors: Huang Gang , Wu Ning , Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Guobing , Qiu Longzhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe molecular weight is a key factor affecting the properties of conjugated polymers. To determine the critical molecular weights of conjugated polymers modified with siloxane side chains, poly‐diketo‐pyrrolopyrrole‐selenophene (PTDPPSe‐5Si) samples with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 350 kDa are synthesized. The critical molecular weight of the polymer is determined in the range of 60–100 kDa by testing the viscosity of the solution. When the molecular weight of the 27–60 kDa polymers is below the critical molecular weight, they exhibit a high crystallinity and low ductility. When the molecular weight of the 100 kDa polymer reaches the critical molecular weight, the crystallinity decreases, and the ductility increases. As the molecular weight increases, the polymer film also gradually changes from brittle to ductile. Furthermore, when the molecular weight of the 315 kDa polymer is much higher than the critical molecular weight, the film exhibits a significant ductility, which results in the polymer films showing no pronounced cracks after high‐percentage stretching. Additionally, due to the oriented alignment of the molecular chains caused by stretching, the carrier mobility in the parallel direction becomes 2.14‐fold of the initial film.
A 2D strip ionization chamber array with high spatiotemporal resolution for proton pencil beam scanning FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Yang Yunjie , Shi Chengyu , Chen Chin‐Cheng , Tsai Pingfang , Kang Minglei , Huang Sheng , Lin Chih‐Hsun , Chang Fu‐Xiong , Chhabra Arpit M. , Choi J. Isabelle , Tome Wolfgang A. , Simone Charles B. , Lin Haibo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeExperimental measurements of two‐dimensional (2D) dose rate distributions in proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) FLASH radiation therapy (RT) are currently lacking. In this study, we characterize a newly designed 2D strip‐segmented ionization chamber array (SICA) with high spatial and temporal resolution and demonstrate its applications in a modern proton PBS delivery system at both conventional and ultrahigh dose rates.MethodsA dedicated research beamline of the Varian ProBeam system was employed to deliver a 250‐MeV proton PBS beam with nozzle currents up to 215 nA. In the research and clinical beamlines, the spatial, temporal, and dosimetric performances of the SICA were characterized and compared with measurements using parallel‐plate ion chambers (IBA PPC05 and PTW Advanced Markus chamber), a 2D scintillator camera (IBA Lynx), Gafchromic films (EBT‐XD), and a Faraday cup. A novel reconstruction approach was proposed to enable the measurement of 2D dose and dose rate distributions using such a strip‐type detector.ResultsThe SICA demonstrated a position accuracy of 0.12 ± 0.02 mm at a 20‐kHz sampling rate (50 μs per event) and a linearity of R2 > 0.99 for both dose and dose rate with nozzle beam currents ranging from 1 to 215 nA. The 2D dose comparison to the film measurement resulted in a gamma passing rate of 99.8% (2 mm/2%). A measurement‐based proton PBS 2D FLASH dose rate distribution was compared to simulation results and showed a gamma passing rate of 97.3% (2 mm/2%).ConclusionsThe newly designed SICA demonstrated excellent spatial, temporal, and dosimetric performances and is well suited for commissioning, quality assurance, and a wide range of clinical applications in proton PBS clinical and FLASH‐RT.
Incidence and 5‐year survival of children and adolescents with hepatoblastoma in the United States
Authors: Kahla Justin A. , Siegel David A. , Dai Shifan , Lupo Philip J. , Foster Jennifer H. , Scheurer Michael E. , Heczey Andras A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveHepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric primary malignant liver tumor, its incidence has been increasing worldwide, but recent changes in incidence and outcomes with high population coverage are not well characterized.MethodsWe defined the incidence of HB diagnosed during 2003–2017 from United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) database, and survival during 2001–2016 from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR). Data were stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, age, tumor stage, county population, and diagnosis year. Incidence trends were assessed by calculating average annual percent change (AAPC) using Joinpoint regression. Differences in overall 5‐year survival were estimated using Cox regression analysis.Results2178 HB cases with an annual incidence rate of 1.76 per million persons were identified and incidence increased over time (AAPC = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–3.6). The 5‐year relative survival was 76.9% (95% CI: 74.9–78.8) and the risk of death was lower for cases diagnosed after 2009 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63–0.94), higher for ages 3–7 years and 8–19 years compared to 0–2 years (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10–1.76 and 1.83, 95% CI: 1.31–2.70, respectively), for distant compared to locoregional stage (HR = 2.77, 95% CI: 2.27–3.36), and for non‐Hispanic Black compared to non‐Hispanic White cases (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02–1.84).ConclusionsHB incidence increased, and survival improved over the study period. Disparities in survival exist by age, race or ethnicity, and stage. Further studies could identify factors affecting increases in HB cases, inform future interventions, and address disparities in outcomes.
CD38: A target in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia—Limitations in treatment and diagnostics
Authors: Vakrmanová Barbora , Nováková Michaela , Říha Petr , Žaliová Markéta , Froňková Eva , Mejstříková Ester , Starý Jan , Hrušák Ondřej , Šrámková Lucie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDaratumumab, an anti‐CD38 antibody, is used experimentally in the treatment of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We treated five patients suffering from relapsed ALL with daratumumab. Four patients had T ALL, three of whom achieved complete remission (CR) after treatment and underwent stem cell transplant (SCT). Two of them had a second relapse and died 6 and 8 months after SCT, respectively. One transplanted T ALL patient remained in CR2 15 months after relapse. In the remaining T‐ALL patient, the disease progressed under daratumumab treatment, and the patient died early after the first relapse. The B‐cell precursor ALL patient with a second CD19‐negative relapse, whose disease turned out to be resistant to the combination of daratumumab with chemotherapy, later achieved CR3 with inotuzumab ozogamicin, underwent SCT and remained in CR3. Leukemia burden should be monitored after daratumumab, and care should be taken not to misclassify leukemic cells with false negativity of surface CD38; using an antibody reacting with nondaratumumab epitopes is advantageous.
Cold plasma treatment of porous scaffolds: Design principles
Authors: Redzikultsava Katazhyna , Baldry Mark , Zhang Anyu , Alavi Seyedeh KH , Akhavan Behnam , Bilek Marcela M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional porous scaffolds have the potential to revolutionize a number of fields, including stem cell research, biomedical implants, tissue engineering, and regeneration, as well as energy technologies, filtration, and sensing. The ability to precisely engineer their surface properties is paramount to successful and enduring application. Plasma treatments promise to deliver homogeneous surfaces with tailored characteristics while generating few by‐products and not relying on the diffusion of liquids into a porous network. However, forming plasma inside complex interconnected pores is a significant challenge and requires much parameter fine‐tuning. This study uses numerical modeling to investigate key parameters which affect plasma breakdown and makes practical recommendations for achieving treatment homogeneity. We consider a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system, where nitrogen gas flows through a glass tube containing a porous scaffold, which is surrounded by a cylindrical electrode, with ground electrodes at either end of the tube. The parameters investigated include the scaffolds' pore size and porosity as well as electrode size and position. The results showed that homogeneous treatment is achieved by avoiding alternative breakdown pathways such as a poor seal between the scaffold and the glass containment tube, using a narrow supply electrode centered at the scaffold, and positioning ground electrodes as close as possible to the supply electrode without arcing. This strategy maximizes the electric field strength at a given voltage, allowing for higher pressures to be used, which in turn give a more homogeneous mean free path inside the pores.
4‐Amino‐1‐Butyl‐1,2,4‐Triazolium Dinitramide – Synthesis, Characterization and Combustion of a Low‐Temperature Dinitramide‐Based Energetic Ionic Liquid (EIL)
Authors: Schaller Uwe , Lang Johannes , Gettwert Volker , Hürttlen Jürgen , Weiser Volker , Keicher Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSalts being liquid below 100 °C are defined as ionic liquids. Due to their unique properties, they are attracting increasing interest and are also being investigated in the field of energetic materials. Combining nitrogen‐rich cations and oxygen‐rich anions, it is possible to obtain energetic ionic liquids (EILs). Potential applications are plasticizers, high explosives, gun and rocket propellants. However, only few works have been done in the field of EILs which show a glass transition temperature less than −40 °C, the so called low‐temperature EILs (LT‐EILs). LT‐EILs with dinitramide as an anion are an almost unknown group with interesting properties and potential. In this paper we present synthesis, characterization and combustion properties of 4‐amino‐1‐butyl‐1,2,4‐triazolium dinitramide (C4 DN) as a low temperature dinitramide‐based EIL in its entirety for the first time. A classic synthesis route and a metal‐free route are presented. The physical properties were measured and compared to conventional non‐ionic energetic plasticizers like BDNPA/F, TMETN/BTTN, Bu‐NENA and DNDA‐57. The combustion behaviour was studied using an optical window bomb and compared to non‐ionic energetic liquids in use. To evaluate the performance as an energetic plasticizer or additive, the interaction with the energetic binder GAP is investigated by manufacturing of dog bone‐shaped test specimen and comparing their mechanical properties and their glass transition temperatures with conventional energetic plasticizers, based on non‐ionic energetic compounds. As one result, C4 DN showed an intense softening effect. Based on the result, propellant samples were prepared and characterized.
Thirty second chair stand test: Test–retest reliability, agreement and minimum detectable change in people with early‐stage knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Gill Stephen , Hely Rachael , Page Richard S. , Hely Andrew , Harrison Benjamin , Landers Steve 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo determine intra‐session test‐retest reliability, agreement and minimum detectable change (MDC) of the 30 CST across three tests in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA test–retest reliability study was performed with 93 people with mild radiological knee OA. Participants were asked to complete three attempts of the 30 CST 1–2 min apart according to a standardised protocol. Participants completed three attempts on two occasions: baseline and 6 months later. Change between tests within each session was assessed with ANOVA's and post‐hoc t‐tests. Reliability was assessed with intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC[2,1]). Measurement error was expressed as MDC for an individual (MDCind) and a group (MDCgroup). Floor effects were considered present if more than 15% of participants scored zero for a test.ResultsScores increased by 0.5 and 0.8 stands between the first and second test (p < 0.05) at the baseline and 6‐month assessments respectively, and then stabilised between the second the third tests at the baseline assessment (p > 0.05) or decreased (0.3 stands) at the 6‐month assessment (p < 0.05). Scores demonstrated excellent reliability (ICCs >0.9). MDCind was approximately 2.5 stands and MDCgroup was 0.3–0.4 stands. No floor effects were apparent.DiscussionThe 30CST demonstrated a practice effect between the first and second tests, which was no longer apparent by the third test. Despite this, scores demonstrated excellent intra‐session reliability. MDC estimates provide clinicians and researchers with the smallest change that can be detected by the instrument beyond measurement error for individuals and groups in community‐dwelling adults with knee OA.
f(R)$f(R)$ Wormholes Embedded in a Pseudo–Euclidean Space E5
Authors: Agrawal A. S. , Mishra B. , Tello‐Ortiz Francisco , Alvarez A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work is devoted to the study of analytic wormhole solutions within the framework of gravity theory. To check the possibility of having wormhole structures satisfying energy conditions, by means of the class I approach the pair describing the wormhole geometry has been obtained. Then, in conjunction with a remarkably gravity model, the satisfaction of the null and weak energy conditions at the wormhole throat and its neighborhood is investigated. To do so, some constant parameters have been bounded restricting the space parameter. In this concern, the gravity model and its derivatives are playing a major role, specially in considering the violation of the non–existence theorem. Furthermore, the shape function should be bounded from above by the Gronwall–Bellman shape function, where the red–shift function plays a relevant role. By analyzing the main properties at the spatial stations and tidal accelerations at the wormhole throat, possibilities and conditions for human travel are explored.
Exfoliation of Active Materials Synchronized with Electrolyte Extraction from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Supercritical CO2
Authors: Mu Deying , Liang Jianquan , Zhang Jian , Wang Yue , Jin Shan , Dai Changsong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSafe and harmless treatment of electrolyte is a critical environment issue for spent lithium‐ion battery recycling; the effective separation of cathode materials from aluminum foil is a key technology for resource utilization. Previous studies have never considered the two as a whole. This study introduced supercritical CO2 technology to realize the integrated treatment of electrolyte removal and cathode material exfoliation. The results indicated that the optimum parameter was obtained at a temperature of 38 °C, a time of 15 min and a pressure of 10 MPa. The peeling efficiency of cathode material from Al foil reached 98.86 wt.%. Mechanism analysis confirmed that the separation of Al foil and cathode material was the result of the weakened adhesion of electrode interface, which can be attributed to the removal of the organic component including carbonate‐based organic solution and organic binder caused by the fluid extraction process.
CO2‐Derived Oxygen‐Rich Carbon with Enhanced Redox Reactions as a Cathode Material for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jing Xiaoyun , Ma Yongsong , Wang Fan , Li Wei , Wang Dihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries based on carbon cathode materials show high potential in the application of energy storage due to their low cost, high safety and long cycling lifespan, but the low reversible capacity and energy density hinder their practical. Herein, CO2‐derived oxygen‐rich carbons by molten salt electrolysis are proposed as attractive cathode materials with enhanced redox reactions. By optimizing the electrolysis current density at 50 mA cm−2, electrolytic carbon featuring honeycomb‐like morphology, high specific surface area and O content, as well as abundant defect is realized. Owing to the enhanced electrochemical reactions originating from the oxygen‐rich functional group in the electrolytic carbon, improved electrochemical Zn storage performance is achieved, showing a high capacity of 257 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, which is one of the highest values reported, and it preserves good cycling stability after 10000 cycles at 1 A g−1. It is revealed that C=O group in electrolytic carbon shows high reactivity and can reversibly storage and release Zn2+ ions, which is accompanied by the formation and dissolution of ZnxOTfy(OH)2x‐y⋅nH2O layer. This work offers effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of carbons by manipulating the surface reaction of carbon for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries.
Diode laser‐assisted transcanal endoscopic removal of an aural polyp in the external auditory canal of a dog
Authors: Hoshino Tomoya , Fukuda Shoko , Nagata Masahiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn humans, aural polyps comprise fibrovascular tissue covered by the respiratory epithelium. Aural polyps with ciliated epithelium are common in cats but are rarely reported in dogs. In a previous case, a mass filled the tympanic cavity alone, and it was surgically removed.ObjectivesTo report a case of a canine aural polyp with ciliated epithelium extending from the dorsal tympanic cavity to the external auditory canal with detailed otological features and to demonstrate the usefulness of the transcanal endoscopic procedure (TEP) with a diode laser as a less‐invasive therapy.MethodsA 12‐year‐old castrated male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with a 6‐month history of unilateral chronic otorrhoea. Video‐otoscope examination revealed a protruding, reddish and soft‐to‐rubbery round mass in the right horizontal ear canal. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging further revealed a smooth mass extending from the dorsal portion of the tympanic cavity into the horizontal part of the external auditory canal. However, it showed no lesions in the dorsal tympanic cavity.ResultsThe mass was removed using aural forceps by a traction‐torsion manoeuvre. The suspected base of the mass on the caudal side of the upper tympanic cavity was confirmed by a rigid scope, and it was completely vaporised with a diode laser. Histopathology revealed foci of columnar ciliated epithelium embedded in the connective tissue encapsulated by stratified squamous epithelium. No recurrence was observed at 3 years and 8 months.ConclusionWe describe a rare case of an aural polyp with ciliated epithelium extending from the upper‐middle ear to the external auditory canal in a dog. The TEP using a diode laser may be a useful minimally invasive treatment option for managing external auditory canal polyps.