bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Optimization of Row Spacing Between Steel Arches in Deep Buried Fault Cave Sections
Authors: Zhang G. Y. , Xiao Y. X. , Zhang J. H. , Luo J. Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs a widely used support form in tunnel support, the support effect of steel arch is influenced by the row distance between steel arches. In F8 fault fracture zone of the North Main Canal of Letan Reservoir in Guangxi, the support system of “steel arch + shotcrete” in this faulted cavern section was equalized with elastic modulus and yield stress by using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the characteristic curves of rock support of deeply buried circular cavern under modified axisymmetric loading were obtained. The sensitivity analysis and optimization study of the spacing between steel arches were conducted by using FLAC3D. The results show that with the increase of steel arch spacing, the cavity wall displacement increases, the support reaction force decreases nonlinearly, and the radial displacement and plastic zone around the cavity continue to increase. When the distance between steel arches >600 mm, the deformation of cavern perimeter changes abruptly and the plastic zone increases significantly. Based on comprehensive analysis, the optimization suggestions of steel arch are proposed.
Effect of Grouting Defect Sleeve on Seismic Performance of Concrete Column
Authors: Wang Changjun , Zhao Zhijian , Xu Xiaonan , Pang Sen , Zhu Hongguang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of assembly construction technology has become an inevitable way for the transformation and upgrading of China’s construction industry. However, in the development process, the grouting sleeve connection quality problem is the most prominent. In this paper, ABAQUS model is used to establish a concrete column model with grouting defects, and the influence of grouting defects on the seismic performance of concrete columns is explored: Under the condition of the same defect location and quantity, the larger the defect size, the lower the bearing capacity, the worse the ductility, the weaker the energy dissipation capacity; In the case that the number and size of defects are the same, the positive and negative directions of the hysteresis curve are symmetric when the defects are located in the direction of stress, and the energy dissipation capacity is higher than that when all the defects are located on one side of the column section.
Preliminary Regression Study on Air Quality Inside a Road Tunnel: A Case Study in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Thu-Hang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNormal air quality that ensures the visibility and brings no harmful impact to the health of the vehicle drivers is essential for all road tunnels. It is affected by various issues. In this paper, the air quality – meteorology – traffic volume correlations were quested in the case study of an opened road tunnel on Vietnam National Highway 1A. The linear regression modelling technics using the least squares method with 95% of confidence was executed. Four representative models of the total suspended particles and airborne lead concentration against the meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity) and the vehicle flow density inside tunnel were proposed. The correlations with the volatile organic compounds were also studied but no representative model was proposed. Further studies on a richer source of data were suggested. The study confirmed the role of the in-tunnel vehicle volume and the meteorology on the tunnel’s air quality.
Besonderheiten der Risiko- und Krisenkommunikation im Strahlenschutz und radiologischen Notfallschutz
Authors: Pölzl-Viol Christiane 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Gestaltung einer guten Risiko- und Krisenkommunikation im Strahlenschutz ist stets in Bezug zum gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit den verschiedenen Strahlenthemen zu sehen, zu denen die Kommunikation stattfindet. Risiko- und Krisenkommunikation werden dabei meist als unterschiedliche Kommunikationsdisziplinen betrachtet. Der Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die Komplexität der Kommunikation im Strahlenschutz in unterschiedlichen Kontexten. Er beschreibt die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der jeweiligen Kommunikationsform und die Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Kommunikationsformen.
Entlassbarkeit versus Entlassung – Ergebnisse der PROMISE-Studie
Authors: Betz Ulrich , Clarius Michael , Krieger Manfred , Langanki Laura , Büttner Matthias , Fencel Sabine , Eckhard Lukas , Klonschinski Thomas , Drees Philipp 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Für Deutschland werden im Rahmen optimierter Behandlungsprozesse rund um die Implantation einer Knie- oder Hüftendoprothese stationäre Aufenthaltszeiten angegeben, die die international publizierten Zeiten deutlich übertreffen. Die vorliegende Analyse von Daten der PROMISE-Studie beschäftigt sich in diesem Zusammenhang mit dem Verhältnis von Entlassbarkeit und Entlassung.

Methode
In drei Krankenhäusern unterschiedlicher Versorgungsstufen wurde ein gemeinsam entwickelter, optimierter Versorgungsstandard etabliert und für eine weitgehend unselektionierte Patientenkohorte umgesetzt. Unter anderem wurden Daten zum Erreichen der Entlasskriterien (EK) und der tatsächlichen Entlassung erhoben. Univariate Vergleiche wurden durch Chi-Quadrat-Tests oder Mann-Whitney-U-Tests durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 1782 Patienten eingeschlossen werden, von denen 85,3 % nach im Mittel (MW) 2,4 Tagen (Median 2) postoperativ alle zuvor definierten EK erreicht haben. Die Entlassung für diese Gruppe erfolgte nach 5,4 (MW) Tagen (Median 5). Die restlichen Probanden (14,7 %) hatten bei Entlassung nach 6,5 (MW) Tagen (Median 6) mindestens ein EK nicht erreicht. Für verschiedene Subgruppen konnten signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt werden.

Fazit
Die sogenannten EK werden als relative Kriterien eingesetzt. Das Erreichen führt im Allgemeinen nicht zu einer zeitnahen Entlassung der Patienten aus dem Krankenhaus. Wäre dies der Fall, wären auch in Deutschland international übliche Aufenthaltszeiten Realität. Was die Entlassung tatsächlich bestimmt, bleibt offen. Eine Vielzahl von medizinischen, organisatorischen, strukturellen und finanziellen Einflussfaktoren könnten bedeutend sein.
Bile acids and their receptors: modulators and therapeutic targets in liver inflammation
Authors: Bertolini Anna , Fiorotto Romina , Strazzabosco Mario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBile acids participate in the intestinal emulsion, digestion, and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. When present in high concentrations, as in cholestatic liver diseases, bile acids can damage cells and cause inflammation. After the discovery of bile acids receptors about two decades ago, bile acids are considered signaling molecules. Besides regulating bile acid, xenobiotic, and nutrient metabolism, bile acids and their receptors have shown immunomodulatory properties and have been proposed as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases of the liver. This review focuses on bile acid–related signaling pathways that affect inflammation in the liver and provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical applications of modulators of these pathways for the treatment of cholestatic and autoimmune liver diseases.
Reusable respirators as personal protective equipment in clinical practice
Authors: Maleczek Mathias , Toemboel Frédéric , Van Erp Maximiliaan , Thalhammer Florian , Rössler Bernhard 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Background
The novel strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is highly contagious; therefore, special emphasis must be given to personal protective equipment for healthcare workers. Reusable elastomeric respirators were previously used in intensive care units (ICU). These respirators include full or half masks and devices modified to accommodate a filter. Although the general comfort of masks used in the ICU has been studied, data comparing multiple types of masks during a pandemic are missing.

Methods
A prospective randomized trial was conducted in an ICU. After standardized training, participants were randomized to use one of three mask types (full, half or snorkelling mask), each fitted with a filter equivalent to a class 3 particle-filtering half mask (FFP3) during one shift. The main outcomes were characteristics of using the mask itself (donning/doffing, quality of seal, cleaning), working conditions with the mask (vision, comfort, perceived safety, communication) and a subjective comparison to single-use FFP2/3 masks.

Results
A total of 30 participants were included in the trial, randomized to 10 participants per group. The masks were worn 6.4 (4.5) times (mean SD) for a total duration of 132 (66) min per shift. The tested masks were rated 7 (2.6) (mean SD) in comparison to FFP2/3 on a Likert scale (0: worst, 10: best). Significant differences between the masks were found in respect to comfort (7/4/8), donning (8/7/9), overall rating (8/5/8) and comparison to single-use FFP2/3 masks (9/7/9; full-, half, snorkelling mask).

Conclusion
Using reusable elastomeric masks is feasible in clinical practice. Full face masks were significantly better in terms of comfort, donning, overall rating and in comparison to single-use FFP2/3 masks.
Financial risk allocation and provider incentives in hospital–insurer contracts in The Netherlands
Authors: Gajadien Chandeni S. , Dohmen Peter J. G. , Eijkenaar Frank , Schut Frederik T. , van Raaij Erik M. , Heijink Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn healthcare systems with a purchaser–provider split, contracts are an important tool to define the conditions for the provision of healthcare services. Financial risk allocation can be used in contracts as a mechanism to influence provider behavior and stimulate providers to provide efficient and high-quality care. In this paper, we provide new insights into financial risk allocation between insurers and hospitals in a changing contracting environment. We used unique nationwide data from 901 hospital–insurer contracts in The Netherlands over the years 2013, 2016, and 2018. Based on descriptive and regression analyses, we find that hospitals were exposed to more financial risk over time, although this increase was somewhat counteracted by an increasing use of risk-mitigating measures between 2016 and 2018. It is likely that this trend was heavily influenced by national cost control agreements. In addition, alternative payment models to incentivize value-based health care were rarely used and thus seemingly of lower priority, despite national policies being explicitly directed at this goal. Finally, our analysis shows that hospital and insurer market power were both negatively associated with financial risk for hospitals. This effect becomes stronger if both hospital and insurer have strong market power, which in this case may indicate a greater need to reduce (financial) uncertainties and to create more cooperative relationships.
Comparing the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L descriptive systems and utilities in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Koszorú Kamilla , Hajdu Krisztina , Brodszky Valentin , Bató Alex , Gergely L. Hunor , Kovács Anikó , Beretzky Zsuzsanna , Sárdy Miklós , Szegedi Andrea , Rencz Fanni 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting up to 10% of adults. The EQ-5D is the most commonly used generic preference-accompanied measure to generate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for economic evaluations.

Objectives
We aimed to compare psychometric properties of the three-level and five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L) in adult patients with AD.

Methods
In a multicentre cross-sectional study, 218 AD patients with a broad range of severity completed the EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Skindex-16. Disease severity outcomes included the Investigator Global Assessment, Eczema Area and Severity Index and the objective SCORing Atopic Dermatitis.

Results
A good agreement was established between the two EQ-5D versions with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.815 (95% CI 0.758–0.859, p < 0.001). Overall, 33 different health state profiles occurred in the EQ-5D-3L and 84 in the EQ-5D-5L. Compared to the EQ-5D-3L, ceiling effect was reduced for the mobility, self-care, usual activities and pain/discomfort dimensions by 4.6–11.5%. EQ-5D-5L showed higher average relative informativity (Shannon’s evenness index: 0.64 vs. 0.59). EQ-5D-5L demonstrated better convergent validity with EQ VAS, DLQI and Skindex-16. The two measures were similar in distinguishing between groups of patients based on disease severity and skin-specific quality of life with a moderate or large effect size (η2 = 0.083–0.489).

Conclusion
Both instruments exhibited good psychometric properties in AD; however, the EQ-5D-5L was superior in terms of ceiling effects, informativity and convergent validity. We recommend the use of the EQ-5D-5L to measure health outcomes in clinical settings and for QALY calculations in AD.
Directional Ordering of Self-Concept, School Grades, and Standardized Tests Over Five Years: New Tripartite Models Juxtaposing Within- and Between-Person Perspectives
Authors: Marsh Herbert W. , Pekrun Reinhard , Lüdtke Oliver 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMuch research shows academic self-concept and achievement are reciprocally related over time, based on traditional longitudinal data cross-lag-panel models (CLPM) supporting a reciprocal effects model (REM). However, recent research has challenged CLPM's appropriateness, arguing that CLPMs with random intercepts (RI-CLPMs) provide a more robust (within-person) perspective and better control for unmeasured covariates. However, there is much confusion in educational-psychology research concerning appropriate research questions and interpretations of RI-CLPMs and CLPMs. To clarify this confusion, we juxtapose CLPMs and RI-CLPMs relating math self-concept (MSCs), school grades, and achievement tests over the five years of compulsory secondary schooling (N = 3,425). We extend basic models to evaluate: directional ordering among three rather than only two constructs; longitudinal invariance over time (multiple school years) and multiple groups (school tracks); lag-2 paths between non-adjacent waves; and covariates (gender, primary-school math and verbal achievement). Across all basic and extended RI-CLPMs and CLPMs, there was consistent support for the REM bidirectional-ordering hypothesis that self-concept and achievement are each a cause and an effect of the other. Consistent with the logic of these models, extensions of the basic models had more effect on CLPMs, but the direction and statistical significance of cross-lagged paths were largely unaffected for both RI-CLPMs and CLPMs. This substantive-methodological synergy has important implications for theory, methodology, and policy/practice; we support the importance of MSC as a predictor of subsequent achievement and demonstrate a more robust methodological framework for evaluating longitudinal-panel models.
The flexibility of home away pattern sets
Authors: Lambers Roel , Goossens Dries , Spieksma Frits C. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA popular approach to construct a schedule for a round-robin tournament is known as first-break, then-schedule. Thus, when given a home away pattern (HAP) for each team, which specifies for each round whether the team plays a home game or an away game, the remaining challenge is to find a round for each match that is compatible with both team’s patterns. When using such an approach, it matters how many rounds are available for each match: the more rounds are available for a match, the more options exist to accommodate particular constraints. We investigate the notion of flexibility of a set of HAPs and introduce a number of measures assessing this flexibility. We show how the so-called canonical pattern set (CPS) behaves on these measures, and, by solving integer programs, we give explicit values for all single-break HAP sets with at most 16 teams.
Simulating the Misting of Lubricant in the Piston Assembly of an Automotive Gasoline Engine: The Effect of Viscosity Modifiers and Other Key Lubricant Components
Authors: Dyson Christopher J. , Priest Martin , Lee Peter M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe presence of lubricant droplets in the gas that flows through the piston assembly and crankcase of an internal combustion engine (generically termed oil misting) has important implications for performance, particularly lubricant supply to the upper piston assembly, oil consumption and lubricant degradation. A significant source of these droplets is thought to be oil shearing and blow-through by blow-by gas flows in the piston assembly. An experimental rig was developed to simulate the high velocity gas and lubricant film interactions at a top piston ring gap where the flow conditions are most severe. Flows of lubricant droplets were produced and characterised in terms of the proportion of the oil flow that formed droplets in the gas flow and the size distribution of the droplets produced. Considering various aspects of a commercial automotive crankcase formulation, the effect of lubricant viscosity was found to be particularly important. Of the lubricant additives evaluated, viscosity modifiers were found to have the greatest effect on the tendency to form droplets: Detailed study on a range of viscosity modifiers identified that the influence of their molecular architectures on viscoelasticity was the key mechanism.
Statistical Comparison of Processing Different Powder Feedstock in an HVOF Thermal Spray Process
Authors: Tillmann Wolfgang , Kuhnt Sonja , Baumann Ingor Theodor , Kalka Arkadius , Becker-Emden Eva-Christina , Brinkhoff Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCermet coatings such as WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr are frequently applied by means of thermal spray processes to protect highly stressed surfaces against wear. The investigation of the respective spray materials and their coating properties and in-flight particle properties are often carried out in separate experiments. In this study, the coating characteristics (hardness, deposition rate, porosity, thickness) and in-flight particle properties (particle velocity and temperature) of three different WC-based powders and a Cr3C2-NiCr powder processed by means of an HVOF process are investigated as a function of some key process parameters such as kerosene flow rate, lambda, spray distance and feeder disc velocity. These parameters were varied within a design of experiments, whilst all other parameters were fixed. Both the design of experiments plan and the settings of the fixed parameters were defined identically. The in-flight particle properties and coating characteristics are statistically modeled as a function of the process parameters and their influences are compared. A well-selected, limited number of experimental runs using statistical design of experiment (DoE) enable this comparison. The deployed statistical models are generalized linear models with Gamma-distributed responses. The models show that particle velocity and particle temperature mainly depend on kerosene flow rate and spray distance. However, in the case of particle temperature, the model coefficients for Cr3C2-NiCr and WC powders have different signs, reflecting different qualitative behavior.
Impact of Seizures and Status Epilepticus on Outcome in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Bögli Stefan Yu , Wang Sophie , Romaguera Natalia , Schütz Valerie , Rafi Omar , Gilone Marco , Keller Emanuela , Imbach Lukas L. , Brandi Giovanna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the association between seizures as divided by timing and type (seizures or status epilepticus) and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods
All consecutive patients with aSAH admitted to the neurocritical care unit of the University Hospital Zurich between 2016 and 2020 were included. Seizure type and frequency were extracted from electronic patient files.

Results
Out of 245 patients, 76 experienced acute symptomatic seizures, with 39 experiencing seizures at onset, 18 experiencing acute seizures, and 19 experiencing acute nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). Multivariate analysis revealed that acute symptomatic NCSE was an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome (odds ratio 14.20, 95% confidence interval 1.74–116.17, p = 0.013) after correction for age, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade, and delayed cerebral ischemia. Subgroup analysis showed a significant association of all seizures/NCSE with higher Fisher grade (p < 0.001 for acute symptomatic seizures/NCSE, p = 0.031 for remote symptomatic seizures). However, although acute seizures/NCSE (p = 0.750 and 0.060 for acute seizures/NCSE respectively) were not associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with a high Hunt-Hess grade, they were significantly associated with unfavorable outcome in patients with a low Hunt-Hess grade (p = 0.019 and p < 0.001 for acute seizures/NCSE, respectively).

Conclusions
Acute symptomatic NCSE independently predicts unfavorable outcome after aSAH. Seizures and NCSE are associated with unfavorable outcome, particularly in patients with a low Hunt-Hess grade. We propose that NCSE and the ictal or postictal reduction of Glasgow Coma Scale may hamper close clinical evaluation for signs of delayed cerebral ischemia, and thus possibly leading to delayed diagnosis and therapy thereof in patients with a low Hunt-Hess grade.
Gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite efflorescences of tuff stone in the underground environment
Authors: Germinario Luigi , Oguchi Chiaki T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study deals with stone deterioration in underground cultural heritage and geoheritage, correlating the origin, compositional features, and space–time changes of salt weathering with the rock properties (petrography and geochemistry) and environmental setting (microclimate and chemistry of rainwater and groundwater). The material of study is Oya-ishi, one of the best-known building stones of Japan; it is a porous and soft acid tuff with a long tradition of use in historical and modern architecture. A number of underground sites of cultural or commercial significance was investigated in central Japan, where Oya stone appears extensively affected by efflorescence growth. The efflorescences are composed of mixed sulfates, including gypsum, mirabilite, and thenardite, whose development depends on the stone–environment interaction. The underground environment is extremely humid and water is the main driving force of salt weathering, having a twofold function. First, it conveys the alteration of the rock components, in particular pyrite, glass (pumice, fiamme, and shards), zeolites (clinoptilolite), clay minerals (smectites), and feldspars, which release SO42−, Na+, and Ca2+ ions. Second, water controls the salt stability and cycles of crystallization/deliquescence and hydration/dehydration, depending on the site depth and seasonal microclimate fluctuations; in this regard, knowing the specific thermodynamic behavior of the phases involved can help predicting where and when salt weathering and the resulting stone damage are most severe.