bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DLEU7-AS1 promotes renal cell cancer by silencing the miR-26a-5p/coronin-3 axis
Authors: Wang Xin-jun , Chen Lin , Xu Ran , Li Si , Luo Guang-cheng 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the progression and development of many types of cancer by interacting with RNA, DNA and proteins, including DLEU7-AS1. However, the function of DLEU7-AS1 in renal cell cancer (RCC) remains unclear. In this study, two in silico prediction algorithms were used to discover the potential target of miR-26a-5p, which was determined to be a tumor suppressor gene, possibly DLEU7-AS1, through the downregulation of coronin-3 in RCC. Thus, we hypothesized that DLEU7-AS1 promotes RCC by silencing the miR-26a-5p/coronin-3 axis. To test our hypothesis, we confirmed that DLEU7-AS1 directly targets miR-26a-5p using the pmirGLO dual-luciferase reporter assay. Next, we observed that DLEU7-AS1 expression was markedly upregulated in RCC samples and inversely correlated with clinical prognosis and miR-26a-5p levels. Knockdown of DLEU7-AS1 significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of RCC cells in vitro and attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, exogenous expression of coronin-3 or miR-26a-5p inhibitor treatment almost completely rescued the DLEU7-AS1 knockdown-induced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DLEU7-AS1 is an oncogene in RCC capable of regulating the growth and metastasis of RCC by silencing the miR-26a-5p/coronin-3 axis, suggesting that DLEU7-AS1 can be employed as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for RCC.
Coronary-specific quantification of myocardial deformation by strain echocardiography may disclose the culprit vessel in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Chiarello Giuseppina , Gherbesi Elisa , Fusini Laura , Soldato Nicolo’ , Siena Paola , Ursi Raffaella , Ruggieri Roberta , Guglielmo Marco , Muscogiuri Giuseppe , Baggiano Andrea , Rabbat Mark G , Memeo Riccardo , Lepera Mario , Favale Stefano , Pontone Gianluca 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of speckle tracking echocardiography technique using territorial longitudinal strain (TLS) for the detection of culprit vessel vs. vessel-specific wall motion score index (WMSI) in non-ST-segment elevation–acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients scheduled for invasive coronary angiography (ICA).

Methods and results
One hundred and eighty-three patients (mean age: 66 ± 12 years, male: 71%) diagnosed with NSTE-ACS underwent echocardiography evaluation at hospital admission and ICA within 24 h. Culprit vessels were left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (CX), and right coronary arteries (RCAs) in 38.5%, 39.6%, and 21.4%, respectively. An increase of affected vessels [1-, 2-, and 3-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD)] was associated with increased WMSI and TLS values. There was a statistically significant difference of both WMSI-LAD, WMSI-CX, WMSI-RCA and TLS-LAD, TLS-CX, TLS-RCA of myocardial segments with underlying severe CAD compared to no CAD (P = 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant difference of TLS-LAD, TLS-CX, TLS-RCA, and WMSI-CX of myocardial segments with an underlying culprit vessel compared to non-culprit vessels (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.022, and P &lt; 0.001, respectively) was identified. WMSI-LAD and WMSI-RCA did not show statistical significant differences. A regression model revealed that the combination of WMSI + TLS was more accurate compared to WMSI alone in detecting the culprit vessel (LAD, P = 0.001; CX, P &lt; 0.001; and RCA, P = 0.019).

Conclusion
Territorial longitudinal strain allows an accurate identification of the culprit vessel in NSTE-ACS patients. In addition to WMSI, TLS may be considered as part of routine echocardiography for better clinical assessment in this subset of patients.
Church-Based Emotional Support and Negative Interactions Among Older African Americans and Black Caribbeans
Authors: Taylor Robert Joseph , Skipper Antonius D , Ellis James M , Chatters Linda M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigates church-based informal social support among older African Americans and Black Caribbeans. In particular, we examine the correlates of receiving emotional support as well as negative interactions (e.g., criticisms) from church members.

Methods
The analysis is based on the older African American (n = 829) and Black Caribbean (n = 271) subsample of the National Survey of American Life. The analysis utilizes multiple group structural equation modeling (SEM) to test a model of church support networks.

Results
There were no significant differences between older African Americans and older Black Caribbeans in the frequency of service attendance, contact with church members (seeing, writing, talking), emotional support from church members, or negative interactions with church members. However, a comparison of SEM analysis indicates that the number and pattern of relationships are different. For instance, among African Americans church attendance was associated with emotional support, but among Black Caribbeans attendance did not have a direct or indirect effect on emotional support. Our findings also indicate that among older African Americans, women attend religious services more frequently and both receive emotional support and engage in negative interactions with church members more frequently than men. Among Black Caribbeans, however, men attend religious services less frequently than women but also have more negative interactions with church members.

Discussion
For both African American and Black Caribbean older adults, church members are an important element of their social support networks. Our analysis also underscores the importance of contact with church members for receiving emotional support for both populations.
Does Misery Love Company? Analyzing the Global Suffering Inflicted by US Economic Sanctions
Authors: Early Bryan R , Peksen Dursun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEconomic sanctions are coercive policies capable of inflicting social, political, and humanitarian suffering that go far beyond their economic effects alone. The United States employs economic sanctions more than any other government in the world. In this study, we analyze how US sanctions policies can inflict misery upon the states they target. Our contributions to the literature are two-fold. First, we introduce a new, consolidated measure called the Freedom from Misery index to capture the disparate, adverse effects of sanctions on socioeconomic and political conditions within target states. Second, we offer the first empirical analysis of the extent to which sanctions imposed by the United States increase the misery gap between the United States and targets of US sanctions. We theorize that high-cost sanctions and, counterintuitively, human rights sanctions will inflict significant amounts of misery on the states they target. Using data from 1971 to 2015 for over 145 countries, we conduct quantitative analyses to evaluate the degree that US sanctions, including those involving the United Nations, contribute to miserable living conditions in their targets. We find that US sanctions, particularly those inflicting major costs on targeted economies and those imposed for human rights reasons, immiserate their targets’ populations. Extensions of our main analysis further show that US sanctions widen the misery gap between the United States and target states, contributing to greater international inequality.
Effects of whole corn high-grain diet feeding on ruminal bacterial community and epithelial gene expression related to VFA absorption and metabolism in fattening lambs
Authors: Wang Lu , Qi Weibiao , Mao Shengyong , Zhu Weiyun , Liu Junhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of whole corn high-grain diet feeding on growth performance, ruminal bacterial community, and epithelial morphology and gene expression related to VFA absorption and metabolism in fattening lambs. Fourteen male (castrated) lambs were randomly assigned to either a group fed a ground corn high-grain diet (50.4% grain; HGC, n = 7) or a group fed a whole corn high-grain diet (50.4% grain; HWC, n = 7). After 7 wk of feeding, HWC group increased the average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.036) and decreased the feed: gain value (P = 0.010) significantly. HWC group had a greater crude protein apparent digestibility (P = 0.028) in the third week and dry matter and neutral detergent fiber apparent digestibility (P &lt; 0.05) in the seventh week. Pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed that HWC feeding increased the relative abundance of genera Anaerovibrio, Schwartzia and Unclassified Veillonellaceae in the rumen content and Howardella, Schwartzia and Unclassified Veillonellaceae in the rumen epithelia (P&lt;0.05), while decreased the proportion of Lachnospira and Unclassified Synergistaceae in the rumen content and Anaerovorax, Papillibacter, Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter, Unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Unclassified Bacteroidales and Unclassified Prevotellaceae in the rumen epithelia (P &lt; 0.05). HWC group increased the rumen papilla length (P = 0.001) and surface area (P = 0.002). Furthermore, HWC diet feeding up-regulated the relative mRNA expression of putative anion transporter isoform 1 (PAT1) (P = 0.032) in the rumen epithelia. In summary, compared with ground corn high-grain diet feeding, whole corn high-grain diet feeding improved animal performance, changed ruminal bacterial composition and diversity, and increased VFA absorption of epithelial papilla in fattening lambs. These findings provided theoretical guidance for the actual application of whole corn high-grain diet in ruminants.
Zearalenone promotes follicle development through activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway in the ovaries of weaned gilts
Authors: Wan Boyang , Huang Libo , Jing Changwei , Li Yang , Jiao Ning , Liang Ming , Jiang Shuzhen , Yang Weiren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of zearalenone (ZEA) exposure on follicular development in weaned gilts, and its mechanism based on the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. A total of 32 healthy female weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average body weight of 12.39 ± 0.24 kg were randomly allotted to a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.15, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg ZEA for a 32-d feeding test. Blood and ovarian samples were obtained at the end of the experiment to determine serum toxin concentrations, ovarian histology, and the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway-related genes. Results showed that the vulva area, serum concentrations of ZEA, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, the thickness of the growing follicular layer, and the diameter of the largest growing follicles, as well as the expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP5B), and PCNA, increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing dietary ZEA, whereas the thickness of the primordial follicle layer decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the immunoreactive substances of SIRT1 and PGC-1α in the ovaries enhanced with the increasing dietary ZEA (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the thickness of the growing follicular layer and the diameter of the largest growing follicle were positively correlated with relative mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, ERRα, ATP5B, and PCNA (P &lt; 0.05). However, the thickness of the primordial follicle layer was negatively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, ERRα, ATP5B, and PCNA (P &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, the 1.5 mg/kg ZEA treatment had highly hyperplastic follicles, whereas 3.0 mg/kg ZEA resulted in a large number of follicular atresia, which indicated that low-dose ZEA exposure accelerated follicular proliferation, while high-dose ZEA promoted follicular atresia, although the critical value interval needs further confirmation. Results provide a theoretical basis for finding the therapeutic target of ZEA-induced reproductive disorders in weaned gilts.
Complexity of the interpretability logics ILW and ILP
Authors: Mikec Luka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The interpretability logic ILP is the interpretability logic of all sufficiently strong $\varSigma _1$-sound finitely axiomatised theories, such as the Gödel-Bernays set theory. The interpretability logic IL is a strict subset of the intersection of the interpretability logics of all so-called reasonable theories, IL(All). It is known that both ILP and ILW are decidable, however their complexity has not been resolved previously. In [10] it was shown that the basic interpretability logic IL is PSPACE-complete. Here we prove the same for ILP and ILW.
Pest Status, Survey of Natural Enemies, and a Management Plan for the WhiteflySinghiella simplex(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the United States
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z , McKenzie Cindy L , Revynthi Alexandra M , Evans Gregory A , Mottern Jason L , Mannion Catharine M , Osborne Lance S 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe whitefly Singhiella simplex (Singh) is an invasive species that has been causing damage to Ficus hedges and trees for the last decade and a half in Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America. This study provides its biology, current pest status, description, dispersal potential, field key, geographical distribution, host plants, scouting techniques, species assemblage, a survey of its natural enemies, and an overview of its management plan. Singhiella simplex has been found in three states in the USA (Arizona, California, and Florida). Its current range is very limited in Arizona and California. However, it is now widely distributed throughout central and south Florida. Several natural enemies, both native and introduced, are present in the field. The parasitoid wasp Baeoentodon balios Wang, Huang, & Polaszek and the predatory beetle Delphastus pallidus (LeConte) are the most dominant among its natural enemies. This study will provide useful information to manage S. simplex effectively.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Outcomes by Age Among ARCAD First- and Second-Line Clinical Trials
Authors: McCleary Nadine J , Harmsen William S , Haakenstad Ellana , Cleary James M , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A , Zalcberg John , Adams Richard , Grothey Axel , Sobrero Alberto F , Van Cutsem Eric , Goldberg Richard M , Peeters Marc , Tabernero Josep , Seymour Matt , Saltz Leonard B , Giantonio Bruce J , Arnold Dirk , Rothenberg Mace L , Koopman Miriam , Schmoll Hans-Joachim , Pitot Henry C , Hoff Paulo M , Tebbutt Niall , Masi Gianluca , Souglakos John , Bokemeyer Carsten , Heinemann Volker , Yoshino Takayuki , Chibaudel Benoist , deGramont Aimery , Shi Qian , Lichtman Stuart M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the time to progression (TTP) and survival outcomes of second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer among adults aged 70 years and older compared with younger adults following progression on first-line clinical trials.

Methods
Associations between clinical and disease characteristics, time to initial progression, and rate of receipt of second-line therapy were evaluated. TTP and overall survival (OS) were compared between older and younger adults in first- and second-line trials by Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, number of metastatic sites and presence of metastasis in the lung, liver, or peritoneum. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Older adults comprised 16.4% of patients on first-line trials (870 total older adults aged &gt;70 years; 4419 total younger adults aged ≤70 years, on first-line trials). Older adults and those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status &gt;0 were less likely to receive second-line therapy than younger adults. Odds of receiving second-line therapy decreased by 11% for each additional decade of life in multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 1.21, P = .01). Older and younger adults enrolled in second-line trials experienced similar median TTP and median OS (median TTP = 5.1 vs 5.2 months, respectively; median OS = 11.6 vs 12.4 months, respectively).

Conclusions
Older adults were less likely to receive second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, though we did not observe a statistical difference in survival outcomes vs younger adults following second-line therapy. Further study should examine factors affecting decisions to treat older adults with second-line therapy. Inclusion of geriatric assessment may provide better criteria regarding the risks and benefits of second-line therapy.
Synaptic Properties
Authors: Martin Usrey W. , Murray Sherman S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors survey synaptic properties, especially as regards thalamic and cortical circuitry. Most attention is given to chemical synapses that dominate thalamic and cortical circuitry, but rare electrical synapses are found in both structures and are mentioned. The main neurotransmitters and their postsynaptic receptors are described. Regarding the latter, both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors are present, and the authors emphasize the point that many, but not all, glutamatergic afferents can activate both types of receptor. Finally, the chapter describes the presence of receptors found on synaptic terminals (i.e., presynaptic receptors) and the likely role they play in control of transmitter release.
Classification of Thalamocortical and Corticothalamic Motifs
Authors: Martin Usrey W. , Murray Sherman S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is great variety in the types of thalamocortical and corticothalamic projections, and a prerequisite to any deep understanding of these critical parts of brain circuitry is developing a proper classification of their elements. The thalamus and cerebral cortex are richly interconnected with an array of feedforward and feedback circuit motifs. Reflective of the history of investigation into thalamocortical relationships and the diversity of investigators studying these relationships, there is an array of classification schemes for thalamocortical and corticothalamic motifs. This chapter explores the properties of these classification schemes and their limitations, considers homologous relationships between apparently similar classes of cells and circuits between species, and emphasizes the need for a complete classification.
Parallel Processing of Sensory Signals to Cortex
Authors: Martin Usrey W. , Murray Sherman S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Parallel pathways convey distinct information from periphery to cortex and serve to broaden the range of sensory signals conveyed to cortex. In the visual system, separate channels are evident at the level of retinal bipolar cells, with some cells conveying increases in luminance and others conveying decreases in luminance. One synapse downstream, multiple classes of retinal ganglion cells are further specialized to convey specific visual features. This chapter examines the functional organization of parallel processing in the retino-geniculo-cortical pathway of primates, felines, and rodents and considers evolutionary relationships between cell classes across species. Parallel pathways are evident not only in the feedforward projections to cortex, but also in the feedback projections from cortex to thalamus, thus allowing for stream-specific interactions between thalamus and cortex.
Ringworm of the scalp
Authors: Bursztein Ciro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes different aspects of the classification, categorization, and treatment of ringworm of the scalp, presenting different key figures in the research and treatment of this disease. The chapter is divided into two periods. The first covers ringworm from ancient times until the advent of modern medicine in the 17th century. The second runs from the 17th century up to 1897, when Roentgen rays (x-rays) were introduced as a cure for the disease—a protocol that became known as the Kienböck–Adamson technique. This chapter also describes in great detail the health and economic burden and the cost in terms of social stigma that ringworm imposed upon society in different countries.
“Think before you act”
Authors: Sadetzki-Jackobson Siegal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive follow-up study of a cohort composed of children who were treated with ionizing radiation for ringworm and two comparison groups was initiated in Israel in 1965. Over the years, these studies assessed the association between radiation exposure and the development of cancer, mortality, psychiatric illness, cognitive impairment, dental health, and vascular diseases. Genetic studies to identify inherited sensitivity to radiation were also conducted. Since 2001, the research activity has been performed in accordance with Clause 7a of the Ringworm Victims Compensation Law of 1994. The law mandates follow-up of individuals who were irradiated for ringworm in the 1950s and provides compensation for those who were affected by one of the diseases defined as being causally related to the treatment. Beyond Israel, the results contribute to the global data on health damages caused by ionizing radiation. This chapter presents the study methods and results from the period 1965 to 1995. The later studies conducted during 1995–2021 as well as The Ringworm Victims Compensation Law that was passed in 1994 are not described in this book.
Principles of imaging
Authors: Yip Connie , Jane Taylor N. , Chambers Anthony , Goh Vicky 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 discusses how imaging is fundamentally important to the management of the cancer patient, how anatomical imaging is the mainstay for patient evaluation, and how functional and hybrid (combined functional–anatomical) imaging have acquired an increasing role. Additionally, it offers guidance on obtaining the most accurate and reliable information possible with the most appropriate imaging modality and why the relative performance of the imaging test has to be defined. Staging and prognosis is discussed, as well as therapeutic uses and image-guided radiotherapy. The chapter concludes by looking at how imaging is used in response assessment and future directions in imaging.
MRI and functional imaging in radiotherapy planning, delivery, and treatment
Authors: Yang Huiqi , Ajithkumar Thankamma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Abstract: This chapter describes the features, advantages, and challenges associated with multi-modality imaging in radiotherapy planning. Reasons are given behind the challenges facing on current imaging technology, and some of the possible resolutions. The application of MRI and PET imaging across different tumour sites within the scope of radiation practice is reviewed, including the current status, utility, and future perspective. The use of dose escalation and dose painting is described. The incorporation of MRI and PET/CT imaging has dramatically altered radiotherapy planning practices recently. There is ongoing research into the exploitation of information acquired through multi-parametric MRI and PET imaging for advancing dose delivery techniques, especially where there is strong evidence of a biological rationale and improved outcomes. Another field of work includes radiomics.