bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incipient Immobilization Detection for Lightweight Rovers Operating in Deformable Terrain
Authors: Lines Austin P. , Elliott Joshua J. , Ray Laura E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article presents a new method of detecting incipient immobilization for a wheeled mobile robot operating in deformable terrain with high spatial variability. This approach uses proprioceptive sensor data from a four-wheeled, rigid chassis rover operating in poorly bonded, compressible snow to develop canonic, dynamical system models of robot’s operation. These serve as hypotheses in a multiple model estimation algorithm used to predict the robot’s mobility in real time. This prediction method eliminates the need for choosing an empirical wheel–terrain interaction model, determining terramechanics parameter values, or for collecting large training datasets needed for machine learning classification. When tested on field data, this new method warns of decreased mobility an average of 1.8 m and 2.9 s before the rover is completely immobilized. This system also proves to be a reliable predictor of immobilization when evaluated in simulated scenarios of rovers with passive suspension maneuvering in more variable terrain.
UiS Subsea-Freight Glider: A Large Buoyancy-Driven Autonomous Cargo Glider
Authors: Ahmad Usman Nawaz , Xing Yihan , Ma Yucong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study presents the baseline design for the autonomous subsea vehicle capable of traveling at a lower speed of 1 m/s with an operating range of 400 km. Owing to UiS subsea-freight glider’s (USFG) exceedingly economical and unique propulsion system, it can transport various types of cargo over variable distances. The primary use-case scenario for the USFG is to serve as an autonomous transport vessel to carry CO2 from land-based facilities to subsea injection sites. This allows the USFG to serve as a substitute for weather-dependent cargo tankers and underwater pipelines. The length of the USFG is 50.25 m along with a beam of 5.50 m, which allows the vessel to carry 518 m3 of CO2 while serving the storage needs of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) ventures on the Norwegian continental shelf. The USFG is powered by battery cells, and it only consumes a little less than 8 kW of electrical power. Along with the mechanical design of the USFG, the control design is also presented in the final part of the paper. The maneuvering model of the USFG is presented along with two operational case studies. For this purpose, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR)- and proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-based control system is designed, and a detailed comparison study is also shown in terms of tuning and response characteristics for both controllers.
Oxford consensus on primary cam morphology and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: part 2—research priorities on conditions affecting the young person’s hip
Authors: Dijkstra H Paul , Mc Auliffe Sean , Ardern Clare L , Kemp Joanne L , Mosler Andrea Britt , Price Amy , Blazey Paul , Richards Dawn , Farooq Abdulaziz , Serner Andreas , McNally Eugene , Mascarenhas Vasco , Willy Richard W , Oke Jason L , Khan Karim M , Glyn-Jones Sion , Clarke Mike , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPrimary cam morphology is highly prevalent in many athlete populations, causing debilitating hip osteoarthritis in some. Existing research is mired in confusion partly because stakeholders have not agreed on key primary cam morphology elements or a prioritised research agenda. We aimed to inform a more rigorous, inclusive and evidence-based approach to research on primary cam morphology and its natural history by working towards agreement on a set of research priorities for conditions affecting the young person’s hip.MethodsAn international expert panel—the Young Athlete’s Hip Research (YAHiR) Collaborative—rated research priority statements through an online two-round Delphi exercise and met online to explore areas of tension and dissent. Panellists ranked the prioritised research statements according to the Essential National Health Research (ENHR) ranking strategy. Reporting of results followed REPRISE (REporting guideline for PRIority SEtting of health).ResultsA diverse Delphi panel (n=65, Delphi rounds 1 and 2; three ENHR strategy surveys: n=49; n=44; n=42) from 18 countries representing six stakeholder groups, prioritised and ranked 18 of 38 research priority statements. The prioritised statements outlined seven research domains: (1) best practice physiotherapy, (2) rehabilitation progression and return to sport, (3) exercise intervention and load management, (4) primary cam morphology prognosis and aetiology, (5) femoroacetabular impingement syndrome prognosis and aetiology, (6) diagnostic criteria, and (7) screening. The panel recommended areas of tension and dissent for the research community to focus on immediately.ConclusionWhile informing more rigorous, inclusive and evidence-based research, this consensus is a roadmap for researchers, policy-makers and funders to implement research dedicated to reducing the cost and burden of hip disease related to primary cam morphology.
Impact of resistance exercise rehabilitation and whey protein supplementation in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with sarcopenia: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Mo , Li Rui , Chen Yi , Gao Yan , Wei Yuhao , Lu Meishan , Xi Jieren , Lin Zhizhou , Zheng Xiaoyun , Jiang Hong 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects more than half of the patients with heart failure. HFpEF and sarcopenia can interact with each other and contribute to reduced physiological function and increased mortality in elderly patients. Resistance training (RT) or resistance exercise rehabilitation (RER) may have benefits for elderly HFpEF patients with sarcopenia. Whey protein supplementation (WPS) may increase the effects of exercise on strength and muscle mass, in addition to promoting heart function and quality of life (QoL). However, studies are needed to evaluate effects of RER and WPS in patients with HFpEF with sarcopenia.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial in which patients with HFpEF with sarcopenia will be randomly allocated to three groups, control, RT and RT+WP. Participants in all groups will receive basic intervention including standard medicine treatment, home-based aerobic exercise and basic nutritional intervention. The RT group will undergo resistance exercise programmes, and the RT+WP group will receive daily WPS apart from resistance exercise. The study variables will be evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks. Primary outcome measure is the change of 6 min walking distance. Secondary outcomes include parameters of muscle status, cardiac function, nutritional status, QoL and major adverse cardiovascular events. The primary efficacy analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Ethics Committee of China-Japan Friendship Hospital for Clinical Research (No. 2022-KY-003). The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200061069.
How do malaria testing and treatment subsidies affect drug shop client expenditures? A cross-sectional analysis in Western Kenya
Authors: Saran Indrani , Laktabai Jeremiah , Menya Diana , Woolsey Aaron , Turner Elizabeth Louise , Visser Theodoor , O'Meara Wendy Prudhomme 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo examine how drug shop clients’ expenditures are affected by subsidies for malaria diagnostic testing and for malaria treatment, and also to examine how expenditures vary by clients’ malaria test result and by the number of medications they purchased.DesignSecondary cross-sectional analysis of survey responses from a randomised controlled trial.SettingThe study was conducted in twelve private drug shops in Western Kenya.ParticipantsWe surveyed 836 clients who visited the drug shops between March 2018 and October 2019 for a malaria-like illness. This included children >1 year of age if they were physically present and accompanied by a parent or legal guardian.InterventionsSubsidies for malaria diagnostic testing and for malaria treatment (conditional on a positive malaria test result).Primary and secondary outcome measuresExpenditures at the drug shop in Kenya shillings (Ksh).ResultsClients who were randomised to a 50% subsidy for malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) spent approximately Ksh23 less than those who were randomised to no RDT subsidy (95% CI (−34.6 to −10.7), p=0.002), which corresponds approximately to the value of the subsidy (Ksh20). However, clients randomised to receive free treatment (artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs)) if they tested positive for malaria had similar spending levels as those randomised to a 67% ACT subsidy conditional on a positive test. Expenditures were also similar by test result, however, those who tested positive for malaria bought more medications than those who tested negative for malaria while spending approximately Ksh15 less per medication (95% CI (−34.7 to 3.6), p=0.102).ConclusionsOur results suggest that subsidies for diagnostic health products may result in larger household savings than subsidies on curative health products. A better understanding of how people adjust their behaviours and expenditures in response to subsidies could improve the design and implementation of subsidies for health products.Trial registration numberNCT03810014.
Support for healthcare workers and patients after medical error through mutual healing: another step towards patient safety
Authors: Aubin Diane Louise , Soprovich Allison , Diaz Carvallo Fabiola , Prowse Deborah , Eurich Dean 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMedical errors, especially those resulting in patient harm, have a negative psychological impact on patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). Healing may be promoted if both parties are able to work together and explore the effect and outcome of the event from each of their perspectives. There is little existing research in this area, even though this has the potential to improve patient safety and wellness for both HCWs and patients.MethodsUsing a patient-oriented research approach with constructive grounded theory methodology, we examined the potential for patients and HCWs to heal together after harm from a medical error. Individual interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim. We conducted concurrent data collection and analysis according to grounded theory principles. With our findings, we created a framework and visual breakdown of the communication process between patients and HCWs.ResultsOur findings suggest that, after a medical error causing harm, both patients and HCWs have feelings of empathy and respect towards each other that often goes unrecognised. Barriers to communication for patients were related to their perception that HCWs did not care about them, showed no remorse or did not admit to the error. For HCWs, communication barriers were related to feelings of blame or shame, and fear of professional and legal consequences. Patients reported needing open and transparent communications to help them heal, and HCWs required leadership and peer support, including training and space to talk about the event(s).DiscussionOur resulting framework suggests that if there was an opportunity for an open and purposeful conversation early or before increased emotional suffering, there might be an opportunity to bridge the barriers, and help patients and HCWs heal together. This, in turn, contributes to improved health quality and patient safety.
Paediatric frequent use of emergency medical services: a systematic review
Authors: Scott Jason , Khanom Ashrafunessa , Straw Joanne , Strickland Annette , Porter Alison , Snooks Helen 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundFrequent use of emergency medical services (EMS) is recognised to be a global phenomenon, although paediatric frequent use is poorly understood. This systematic review aimed to understand how paediatric frequent use of EMS is currently defined, identify factors associated with paediatric frequent use of EMS and determine effectiveness of interventions for paediatric patients who frequently use EMS.MethodsFour electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO) were searched to September 2022 for primary, peer-reviewed research studies published in English from January 2000. Studies were included that examined frequent use (>1 contact during study period) of EMS or other services with arrival via EMS. Paediatric patients were defined as <18 years of age or otherwise defined by study authors as paediatric/adolescent/children. Data were extracted using a structured proforma, and quality was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Quantitative Studies but did not influence inclusion decisions. Data were presented using narrative synthesis.ResultsThe search resulted in 4172 unique references, with 12 papers included in the review from 7 countries. Four were EMS studies, and eight Emergency Department with arrival via EMS. All studies used retrospective designs, with no interventional studies identified. Paediatric frequent EMS users were more likely to use services for medical reasons rather than trauma, including respiratory complaints, mental health and seizures, but data on gender and ethnicity were inconclusive and silent on socioeconomic status. There was no consistency in definitions of either a paediatric patient or of frequent use.ConclusionThe broad range of reasons for frequent use suggests that a single intervention is unlikely to be effective at addressing the causes of frequent use. There is a need for further research to better identify the underlying reasons for frequent EMS use among paediatric patients and to develop interventions in this population.
Tackling sport-related concussion: effectiveness of lowering the maximum legal height of the tackle in amateur male rugby – a cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: van Tonder Riaan , Starling Lindsay , Surmon Sean , Viviers Pierre , Kraak Wilbur , Boer Pieter-Henk , Jordaan Esme , Hendricks Sharief , Stokes Keith A , Derman Wayne , Brown James Craig 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveRugby union (‘rugby’) is popular globally, with most of its participants being amateur. Concern regarding sport-related concussion (SRC) sustained during rugby is increasing. SRC occurs most frequently in the tackle, yet few interventions have aimed to mitigate this risk factor. This study investigated the influence of a lowered legal tackle height on SRC incidence in amateur rugby.DesignCross-sectional analytical study: 2018 (control—standard tackle height) and 2019 (intervention—lowered legal tackle height) seasons.SettingSouth African collegiate student rugby competition.ParticipantsBetween 800 and 900 male amateur student players (age: 20±1.6 years) in each year.InterventionMaximum legal tackle height lowered from line of the shoulder on the ball carrier to the line of the armpit.Outcome measuresNumber of overall (medical attention) and time-loss (≥1 day lost) injuries, head injuries and SRCs in 2018 and 2019 (dependent variables); events associated with injury incidents (independent variables).ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in incidences of time-loss injuries (IRR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.1; p=0.13), head injuries (IRR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.5 to 1.3; p=0.42) and SRC (IRR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.2; p=0.20). In 2018 and 2019, most time-loss head injuries (57%, n=43) and SRCs (55%, n=26) occurred during the tackle.ConclusionsDespite a trend towards reducing injuries, head injuries and SRC, lowering maximum legal tackle height to armpit level did not change SRC incidence in this amateur male rugby cohort. Most time-loss head injuries and SRCs occurred during the tackle. Further tackle-related interventions to reduce SRC incidence require investigation.
Associations of local area level new deal employment in childhood with late life cognition: evidence from the census-linked health and retirement study
Authors: Lee Mark , Harrati Amal , Rehkopf David H. , Modrek Sepideh 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundEmergency employment programmes during the 1930s and 1940s invested income, infrastructure and social services into communities affected by the Great Depression. We estimate the long-term associations of growing up in an area exposed to New Deal emergency employment in 1940 with cognitive functioning in later life.MethodsMembers of the Health and Retirement Study cohort (N=5095; mean age 66.3 at baseline) who were age 0–17 in 1940 were linked to their census record from that year, providing prospective information about childhood contextual and family circumstances. We estimated the association between subcounty-level emergency employment participation in 1940 and baseline cognition and rate of cognitive decline between 1998 and 2016.ResultsCompared with those living in the lowest emergency employment quintile in 1940, those who were exposed to moderate levels of emergency employment (third quintile) had better cognitive functioning in 1998 (b=0.092 SD, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.173), conditional on sociodemographic factors. This effect was modestly attenuated after adjusting for respondents’ adult education, finances and health factors. There were no significant effects of area-level emergency employment on rate of cognitive decline.ConclusionsExposure to New Deal employment policies during childhood is associated with long-term cognitive health benefits. This is partially explained by increases in educational attainment among those with greater levels of emergency employment activity in the place where they were raised. Future research should investigate which types of New Deal investments may most be related to long-term cognitive health, or if the associations we observe are due to co-occurring programmes.
Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria in cisgender men who have sex with women: prevalence, association with non-gonococcal urethritis and natural history
Authors: Zinsli Kaitlin A , Srinivasan Sujatha , Balkus Jennifer E , Chambers Laura C , Lowens M Sylvan , Morgan Jennifer , Rowlinson Emily , Robinson Tashina S , Romano Sarah S , Munch Matthew M , Manhart Lisa E , Fredricks David N 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesBacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 2 (BVAB2),Mageeibacillus indolicusandSneathiaspp are highly predictive of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in cisgender women. They have been associated with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in cisgender men in some but not all populations. We evaluated this association in a cross-sectional study of cisgender men who have sex with women only (MSW).MethodsMSW without gonorrhoea attending a sexual health clinic (SHC) from 2014 to 2018 completed a computer-assisted self-interview, clinical interview and examination. NGU was defined as ≥5 polymorphonuclear leucocytes/high-power field in urethral exudates plus either urethral symptoms or visible discharge. Urine was tested forChlamydia trachomatisandMycoplasma genitaliumusing Aptima (Hologic) and for BVAB2,M. indolicus,Sneathiaspp,Trichomonas vaginalis,Ureaplasma urealyticum,Haemophilus influenzae, herpes simplex virus and adenovirus using quantitative PCR.ResultsOf 317 MSW age 17–71, 67 (21.1%) hadSneathiaspp, 36 (11.4%) had BVAB2, and 17 (5.4%) hadM. indolicusat enrolment. Having ≥3 partners in the past 2 months was the only characteristic that was more common among MSW with than those without these bacteria (BVAB2: 47% vs 23%,M. indolicus: 53% vs 24%,Sneathiaspp: 42% vs 22%; p≤0.03 for all). One-hundred seventeen men (37%) were diagnosed with NGU at enrolment. There was no significant association of BVAB2,M. indolicusorSneathiaspp with NGU (adjusted OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.14 to 2.43; aOR=3.40, 95% CI 0.68 to 17.06; aOR=0.46, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.27). Of 109 MSW with monthly samples, 34 (31.2%) had one of the bacteria at one or more follow-up visits, 22 of which were co-colonised with >1. Median persistence over 6 months did not differ significantly (BVAB2=30.5 days, IQR=28–87;M. indolicus=87 days, IQR=60–126;Sneathiaspp=70 days, IQR=30–135; p≥0.20 for each comparison).ConclusionsNeither BVAB2,M. indolicusnorSneathiaspp were associated with increased risk of prevalent NGU in MSW attending an SHC.
Schwarzschild–Finsler–Randers spacetime: geodesics, dynamical analysis and deflection angle
Authors: Kapsabelis E. , Kevrekidis P. G. , Stavrinos P. C. , Triantafyllopoulos A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we extend the study of Schwarzschi ld–Finsler–Randers (SFR) spacetime previously investigated by a subset of the present authors (Triantafyllopoulos et al. in Eur Phys J C 80(12):1200, 2020; Kapsabelis et al. in Eur Phys J C 81(11):990, 2021). We will examine the dynamical analysis of geodesics which provides the derivation of the energy and the angular momentum of a particle moving along a geodesic of SFR spacetime. This study allows us to compare our model with the corresponding of general relativity (GR). In addition, the effective potential of SFR model is examined and it is compared with the effective potential of GR. The phase portraits generated by these effective potentials are also compared. Finally we deal with the derivation of the deflection angle of the SFR spacetime and we find that there is a small perturbation from the deflection angle of GR. We also derive an interesting relation between the deflection angles of the SFR model and the corresponding result in the work of Shapiro et al. (Phys Rev Lett 92(12):121101, 2004). These small differences are attributed to the anisotropic metric structure of the model and especially to a Randers term which provides a small deviation from GR.