bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Literature Review in Understanding the Physio-Pathological Facet of COVID-19
Authors: Singh Pramod Kumar , Suting Darishisha L. , Lekharu Sikha 
Published: January 2022

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed as COVID-19 and is transmittable between humans that has caused a pandemic worldwide. An early clinical report showed that fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, and myalgia were initial symptoms, with the development of pneumonia as the disease progressed. COVID-19 basically involved the pulmonary system at the onset, thereby involving the other organs like gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular System and nervous system is based on virulence. Increases in the level of serum liver enzymes D-dimer, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine have been observed in severely ill patients, indicating that multiple organ failure had occurred in these cases. Here, we review the current knowledge about this disease in relation to its various aspects and make comparison systemic-wise for better understanding of the systemic physio pathological aspect of Covid-19 that may help in contributing towards finding the solution that is needed at present.
COVID 19: Sharing Experience of Health and Treatment Diagnosis in India
Authors: Sharanya V. , Chakole Swaroopa , Fadnavis Rupa A. 
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, discovered in the year 2019. It originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. It became the 5th documented Pandemic after the Spanish Flu in 1918. The symptoms are typical of Influenza like Illness, which includes fever, cough, cold, sore throat, headache, generalised body pain, loss of taste and smell sensations. It ranges in severity causing Pneumonia – all caused by the virus known as Corona virus. The pandemic did indeed cause a havoc as it was declared as a Public Health Emergency. It not only had an impact on lives of people but had a worldwide impact on varied sections of society, not limited only to healthcare but also the economy, psychology, travel and tourism, to just name a few. There was even a certain stigma associated with contracting the virus and having to stay in complete Home Isolation from the World. It not only had pronounced effects on the physical well-being of an individual, but also on one’s mental make-up. It has been a constant learning curve across different walks of life, that placed Hand Hygiene, Mask Wearing and Social Distancing at the epicentre of the prevention of such a Communicable Disease. This article is a reflection of my experience, battling with Corona Virus. – a deadly Pandemic of the 21st Century.
The Burden of Disease and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Preschool Children Attending the Well-Baby Clinic in the National Guard Primary Health Care Centers in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Wali Razaz Mohammed , Baghlaf Abdulaziz Saeed , Almehmadi Abdulaziz Abdullah , Alzahrani Mohanad Gharmallah , Fathi Obada Tarik , Aloufi Yasser Nasser 
Published: January 2022

Aims: To estimate the burden and risk factor of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in preschool children attending well-baby clinics in primary health care centers of the National Guard in Jeddah.
Study Design: Cross Sectional study design
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the primary health care centers of the National Guard Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, which are the specialized polyclinic namely Iskan clinic district and Bahra Clinic. The study was started on 26 September, 2018 to January 2020.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study included all preschool children aged 2-5 years attending well-baby clinics. Data were collected by distributing a self-developed and validated questionnaire to parents or guardians in waiting areas outside the well-baby clinics.
Results: A total of 286 participants met the inclusion criteria. Anemia was found in 9.8% children. The prevalence of IDA among the participants was only 6.3%, but it was the most common compared to other types of anemia. The only findings that were found statistically significant with anemia were family history (P = 0.001) and use of supplement (P = 0.000).
Conclusion: IDA is still the most prevalent type of anemia; however, it was found in only 6.3% participants. The only statistically significant factors associated with anemia were positive family history and supplement intake.
A Fatal Case of Infant Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections Type 1 and 2
Authors: Gajbhiye Varsha , Gaikwad Sarika , Patil Ganvir Shubhangi , Myadam Sushma , Damahe Lalit B. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an essential and most frequent vertically transmitted infection from mother to fetus through the placenta. Neonatal Herpes simplex virus (HSV) enters a child by physical contact with its mother’s potentially infected vaginal secretions. There are many case reports where the newborn is infected with either CMV or HSV, but only one case of a 67-year-old Chinese male with the coinfection of CMV and herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II) 11 was found. We report a rare case of newborns with congenital infection by CMV and herpes simplex who succumb to multiorgan failure.
Case Report Presentation: 8 weeks male infant came in our hospital complaining of not feeding and not gaining weight, abdominal distension, diarrhea, and jaundice. As narrated by the mother, the baby was delivered vaginally at 36 weeks of gestation, and the birth weight was 1880 grams. Mother was not recommended blood test for TORCH (toxoplasmosis, rubella cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and HIV, syphilis) by her obstetricians. TORCHES profile was favorable in the baby. Newborns succumb to treatment and die due to multiple organ failure.
Conclusion: Torch’s panel test is used to help diagnose infections that could harm the unborn baby during pregnancy and have fatal consequences after birth; therefore, it should be mandatory in each pregnancy.
The Effect of Longitudinal Gastric Resection in Morbid Obesity Surgery on the Course of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Uzdenov Marat Borisovich , Sherifova Elvira Nazimovna , Kubanov Sergey Ismailovich , Uyanaeva Aila Azretovna , Rudiakova Viktoriia Sergeevna , Balaeva Maryam Bashirovna , Atagishieva Kavsarat Kamaldinovna , Shikhina Svetlana Nikolaevna , Miroshnichenko Angelina Sergeevna , Maslova Alina Yurievna 
Published: January 2022

Longitudinal resection of the stomach is a relatively new type of gastroplasty within the framework of bariatric surgery, which is gaining popularity worldwide today not only as a method of getting rid of excess subcutaneous fat, but also from a range of serious chronic diseases together. The potential of longitudinal gastric resection turned out to be promising, and if the first performed longitudinal gastric resection in 1988 was only a restrictive stage of biliopancreotic bypass surgery, then since the 2000s, laparoscopic longitudinal resection has been started as a deliberately first stage in patients with morbid obesity with high operational risk. To date, longitudinal gastric resection has become increasingly used in particularly difficult cases in the form of independent surgical intervention, for example, in the elderly, teenagers, people with cirrhosis of the liver and other severe pathologies. At the initial stages of the formation of this type of treatment, different surgeons did not have a common opinion on many issues related to the technique of this operation. And therefore, to date, the data on the longitudinal resection of the stomach of many years ago are contradictory. They do not create a holistic view of the effectiveness of surgical intervention, especially in the long term. According to IFSO (The International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders) data, in 2012, longitudinal gastric resection accounted for 27.8% of all bariatric operations, which even then overtook the gastric banding operation in terms of the number of operations. Over the past 20 years, a little more than 250 thousand such operations have been performed worldwide, and the frequency of performing longitudinal gastric resection increases every year.
The purpose of this article is to reveal the statistics of the effectiveness of longitudinal gastric resection.
Preparation and Characterization of New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted-2-Pyrazolines Derivative for their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Chaudhary Jitendra Kumar , Jain Alok Pal , Tiwari O. P. 
Published: January 2022

The objective of the paper was to design, synthesis and characterization of new 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazolines derivative and evaluate for anti-inflammatory potential. The 1,3,5-tri-substituted-2-pyrazolines derivatives has been synthesized by the reaction of chalcone derivatives with 4-hydrazinylbenzene sulfonamide hydrochloride and phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride. Total Sixteen compounds has been synthesized and characterized by the IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral analysis. Proposed compounds have been evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds carried out by two animal model i.e. Carrageenan induced, paw edema in rats and Inhibition of formalin induced paw edema in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds C7, C8 and C2 were shown 98.26, 92.77 and 96.24 percentages of inhibition and compounds D7, D8 and D2 were shown 81.50, 83.81 and 78.32 percentages of inhibition as compared to the standard drug Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was inhibit the inflammation 99.42 % after 6h. These result is a evident that synthesized compounds show relevant degree of anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the standard drug. It is also concluded that the presence of SO2NH2 group, Cl, CH3, OCH3 and N(CH3)2 group may provide the active compounds when attached to the pyrazoline group. But the addition of OH, Br and no substitution in phenyl ring may diminish the activity.
Evaluation of Lung Function Test in Zumba Dancers
Authors: Moharana Prateeksha , S Preetha , Sridevi G. , Prathap Lavanya 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Exercise is very important in each and every individual’s life. Zumba exercise is a form of physical exercise that combines all the exercise which is beneficial for the body. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of zumba exercise training on pulmonary function tests in individuals.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out among 60 individuals where 30 people belonged to a normal group and 30 people were zumba dancers. The values were recorded through a computerised spirometer. This study was done among zumba dancers in the Chennai region. The results were analysed using SPSS software. unpaired T test was used to analyse the statistical significance. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean values of the lung function test for FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratios were 3.73, 2.88 and 82.33% respectively and all the values were statistically not significant.
Conclusion: The study showed that pulmonary function tests in zumba dancers were good when compared to the control group.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Hydrocortisone Suppository and Durvadi gudavarti in Raktarsha: A Management Protocol
Authors: Nitin Biswas , Suhas Jajoo , Reena Jaiswal , Kapse S. R. 
Published: January 2022

The most common diagnosis for any anorectal complaint particularly of rectal bleeding in adults is haemorrhoidal disease. Regardless of grading conservative treatment is used primarily in symptomatic haemorrhoids. In Ayurveda, Sthanik Chikitsa (Local application) in the management of Arsha (Hemorrhoids) includes pralepa/pratisaran (Paste application). Instead of applying the lepa in the clinics by the clinician/proctologist, those formulations could be developed into Gudavarti (traditional suppository) & used in the management of Raktarsha (bleeding piles) for better compliance. Hence, development of ‘Durvadi Gudavarti’ using the indigenous medicinal herbs mentioned in Charaka Sanhita (Classical Ayurveda text) for pratisaran/pralepa in Raktarsha & its efficacy will be evaluated.
Objectives: To study & compare the efficacy in patient treated with standard- Hydrocortisone suppository group & interventional- Durvadi Gudavarti group in the management of Raktarsha (Bleeding piles).
Methodology: 130 patients of 2nd grade hemorrhoids will be selected and will be allocated into two equal groups by computer randomization. Experimental group will be treated with Durvadi Gudavarti & control group with Hydrocortisone based suppository for 2 weeks. Following Symptoms- PR Bleeding, Anal Pain, Prolapse of Pile mass/Lump, Anal pruritus, Mucous discharge & Constipation will be assessed subjectively and Size/ (Volume in cubic millimeter) of pile mass will be the objective parameter for study. Clinical evaluation will be done at Baseline and 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th day after treatment onset. Proportion of patients that would respond clinically on 10th day will be the main end point, determined via disappearance of the clinical symptoms & more than or equal to 50 % reduction in the initial size of pile mass/lump. Time to response & need for any oral/ parenteral medication for pain, bleeding and constipation would be the secondary variables. Side effects (type, duration & severity) will be registered carefully.
Expected Results: Durvadi Gudavarti contains indigenous herbs having anti-inflammatory, analgesic, haemostatic, wound healing, astringent, & laxative properties. Hence, it is expected to be as efficacious as Hydrocortisone suppository with lesser side effect in the management of Raktarsha. Results will be assessed on the basis of clinical assessment criteria using proper statistical values and tools. Changes will be observed in objective outcomes.
Conclusion: Durvadi Gudavarti will be efficacious in the management of Raktarsha.
A Descriptive Study of Under-five Mortality
Authors: Rahemi Mohammad Haroon , Masih Masihullah 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The under-five mortality is a global problem, which is an important indicator to, demonstrate the quality of health services in a region or a country. The under-5 mortality rate is the probability of dying before five years of age (per 1,000 live births). In the 1990s under-five mortality rate was 12,7 million, but it decreased to 6,2 million in 2015. In Afghanistan due, to more than forty years of war and internal conflict, low socio-economic status, and high level of illiteracy, the under-five mortality rate is very high.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the mortality rate and it’s causes in children under the age of five in Nangarhar Province.
Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted from 2018-2019 in Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital (NUTH). According to Health Management Information System (HMIS) data reports in the mentioned period, 9164 under five patients were admitted in the different wards of Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital.
Results: The mortality of 824 patients were recorded (824/9164) due to different causes, which contribute 9% of total mortality. Of the 824 deaths, 371 consisted of neonatal deaths, which make 45% of total mortality, the 55% (453/824) deaths have occurred between the age of 28 days and five years. The principal causes of neonatal deaths were 35 percent prematurity, 27 percent birth asphyxia, 24 percent sepsis, 8 percent malformation, and 6 percent was consisting of other diseases such as neonatal jaundice, neonatal tetanus, neonatal diarrhea, birth trauma, etc. In this, study the causes of death occurred in the age of 28 days to five years were 30 percent due to malnutrition, 22 percent pneumonia, 20 percent Diarrhea, 10 percent Measles, 6 percent Malaria, 8 percent Meningo-encephalitis and 4 percent due to other diseases like pertussis, poisoning, trauma, burns, pediatric cardiac disease, neoplastic disease, and others.
Conclusion: The data of our study has taken from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) department of the 2018-2019 years which was collected from different wards of Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital. The rate of under-five mortality was about 8.99 ~ 9%. The result of our study was different from other countries and the mortality rate may be changed from time to time. These changes belong to several factors such as variable definition, promotion of socio-economic status, risk factors, geographical situation, peoples’ education level, availability of health services, and preventive measures.
Controlling Oral Pathogens using Ficus Benghalensis Mediated Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Thirumagal K. , Jeevitha M. , Rajeshkumar S. , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: January 2022

Aim: To find antimicrobial property of Ficus benghalensis mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
Introduction: Nanoparticles have been studied in recent years because of certain properties like physical, chemical, electronic, thermal, magnetic, optical, dielectric and biological. This study was conducted in order to evaluate antimicrobial properties of F. benghalensis mediated AgNPs.
Materials and Methods: In this study, extract of F. benghalensis was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles characterized using UV- visible spectrophotometer, Fresh F. benghalensis mediated AgNPs show excellent antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis. and Candida albicans.
Results: F. benghalensis mediated AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against gram positive S. aureus with a zone of inhibition of 16.22 ± 0.31 mm at the concentration of 100 μl. The zone of inhibition against S. mutans was 12.14 ± 0.21 mm followed by zone of inhibition against E. faecalis was 12.12 ± 0.2 mm and antimicrobial activity against C. albicans showed a zone of inhibition of 14.02 ± 0.24 mm at the concentration of 100 μl. The zone of inhibition of the nanoparticles was shown to be increased with increase in concentration against all the pathogens and the maximum inhibition was shown against S. aureus.
Conclusion: Overall, antimicrobial activity was seen to be increased with increase in concentration. Thus there was potent antimicrobial activity in F. benghalensis mediated AgNPs which could be beneficial when applied in treatment of infectious oral diseases in future.
Dynamics of Changes in Quality of Life and Local Levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in Patients with Acute Viral Rhinitis
Authors: Grebeniuk Dmytro , Hrytsun Yaroslav , Nazarchuk Halyna , Mashevska Oksana , Levytska Lidiia , Chepel Liliia , Melnychenko Mykola , Pallii Iryna , Bobyr Vitalii 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Acute viral rhinitis is one of the most common pathologies among the population of the globe. Although, at first glance, this pathology seems simple and well-studied, but due to the high incidence, the load it creates on the health care system encourages in-depth study.
Aims: To examine the dynamics of changes in quality of life and local levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in patients with acute viral rhinitis in different treatment regimens.
Methodology: The prospective study included 84 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acute viral rhinitis. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the study, all patients on days 1, 5 and 10, in addition to routine studies, were determined by local levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as to determine the quality of life.
Results: In patients of the study group, only partial recovery of local levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and indicators of the physical component of quality of life was observed during 10 days of treatment. The emotional and functional components of quality of life in patients of this study were more correlated than with the physical component and local levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are objective indicators of the activity of the inflammatory process. Complementing the traditional treatment regimen with 0.25% oxolin in the form of an ointment has reduced the duration of the disease, reduced the incidence of bacterial complications and improved the quality of life of patients with acute viral rhinitis in the short term.
Conclusions: The dynamics of local levels of TNF-α and IL-1β reflects the nature of the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa and clearly correlates with the physical component of quality of life.
Evaluation of Oral Health Condition among the Pregnant Females at Tertiary Care Hospital of Hyderabad, Sindh
Authors: Palwasha . , Rai Yaswant , Javaid Maria , Khokhar Nisar Ahmed , Nigar Roohi 
Published: January 2022

Background: Gestational is special and interesting period for every woman that covers the physiological hormonal changes and leads to the development of new healthy life. Changes in hormones during pregnancy may alter the physiological conditions that impose the bad impact of different body parts including gastric and oral health of the mother. Oral health plays an important role for maintaining normal and healthy life of human being and if any disease or disorder appeared within the oral cavity, it may leads to severity of disease and disturbed normal routine life.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the condition of oral health during gestational period.
Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was carried out for the period of six months at Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics ward, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro and females with positive pregnancy were included in the study and total 146 females were selected, after the signature on informed consent form. Medical history was taken in order to ensure any major disease or medication affecting oral health.
Results: After collection of proper data from all participants, the results were finalized, 19 females were belonging to age group of 18-21years, and 51 females belong to 26-29 years. 47 females had good OHI-S score, 59 had fair OHI-S score. 31 female had 1st trimester, 81 females had 2nd trimester and 34 had 3rd trimester. 19 females had normal PI index, 94 had simple gingivitis and 33 females had periodontitis.
Conclusion: It was important to maintain good oral hygiene before and during pregnancy, so as to prevent the occurrence of periodontal disease and to avert the irreparable damage that may arise during the period of pregnancy.
Background to the fort
Authors: Hatherley Candy 
Published: January 2022

Three archaeological excavations were undertaken by Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd within the grounds of Doune Primary School in Stirlingshire, each located on the site of Doune Roman fort. These excavations revealed sections through triple-ditched defences, elements of the turf rampart and the perimeter road (via sagularis) on both the west and east sides of the fort. Within the interior of the fort the partial foundations of seven buildings were recovered, including barracks blocks, a corridored building that may represent a workshop (fabrica) and a stable-barracks to accommodate a cavalry squadron (turma). The everyday life of the fort was also revealed, with a series of ovens and an iron-smelting shaft furnace, a first for Roman Scotland. A range of pits were also identified, including some which are likely to be related to the demolition of the fort as it was decommissioned. Artefacts confirm that the fort was built and occupied during the Flavian occupation of Scotland between AD 80 and 86–7.
Sentences of Sextus
Authors: Ramelli Ilaria L. E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe so‐calledSextii Sententiaeseem to be, in their present form, a Christian collection, probably dating to the second centuryce, of mostly moral sentences ascribed to the Pythagorean Sextus. It shows how Stoic, Cynic, Platonic, and Pythagorean asceticism was absorbed by a Christian author – not only sexual restraint, but also voluntary poverty. I will explore the most important aspects of this collection, concerning asceticism and the relation between the worship of God and the renunciation of committing injustice against other people, as well as the link between these sentences and Origen of Alexandria.