bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses type II by two‐dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry in amniotic fluid
Authors: Aboulnasr Aly A. , Elnouri Amr , Abdel Sameea Gamal , Gouda Amr S. , Ibrahim Mona M. , Shalabi Taghreed A. , Gaber Khaled R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo introduce a quantitative determination of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate by mass spectrometry and to compare it with two‐dimensional electrophoresis of the glycosaminoglycans in the amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses type II (MPS II).MethodsThirty pregnancies each with single fetus were subjected to amniocentesis at 16 weeks: 10 with a previously affected MPS II infant and 20 as controls. Prenatal diagnosis was done by both mass spectrometry two two‐dimensional electrophoresis.ResultsTwo‐dimensional electrophoresis showed four affected with MPS II and six unaffected fetuses. Mass spectrometry verified these results.ConclusionTwo‐dimensional electrophoresis of the glycosaminoglycans in amniotic fluid is a good qualitative method and mass spectrometry is a new accurate quantitative method for prenatal diagnosis of MPS II. Quantitative determination of glycosaminoglycans in amniotic fluid by mass spectrometry is both rapid and accurate. Prenatal diagnosis is recommended for at risk pregnancies and mass spectrometry offers speed and quantitation.
Prognosis of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney disease
Authors: Wong Florence , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe , Reddy K. Rajender , O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Kamath Patrick S. , Tandon Puneeta , Lai Jennifer C. , Vargas Hugo E. , Biggins Scott W. , Fallon Michael B. , Thuluvath Paul J. , Maliakkal Benedict J. , Subramanian Ram , Thacker Leroy , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of acute kidney disease (AKD), defined as a glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or a rise in serum creatinine (sCr) of <50% for <3 months, is not clearly known.AimTo study the prevalence, predictive factors and clinical outcomes in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with AKD.MethodsThe North American Consortium for the Study of End‐Stage Liver Disease prospectively enrolled hospitalized decompensated cirrhotic patients. Patients were separated into those with normal renal function (controls or C), AKD or stage 1 AKI as their worst renal dysfunction per International Club of Ascites definition and compared. Parameters assessed included demographics, laboratory data, haemodynamics, renal and patient outcomes.Results1244 patients with cirrhosis and ascites (C: 704 or 57%; AKD: 176 or 14%; stage 1 AKI: 364 or 29%) with similar demographics were enrolled. AKD patients had similar baseline sCr but higher hospital admission in the previous 6 months, and higher peak sCr, compared to controls, with their peak sCr being lower than that in stage 1 AKI patients (all P < .0001). The in‐hospital and 30‐day survival for AKD patients were intermediary between that for controls and stage 1 AKI patients (96% vs 91% vs 86%, P < .0001). The strongest predictors for AKD development while in hospital were the presence of a second infection (OR: 2.44) and diabetes (OR: 1.53).ConclusionsPatients with AKD had intermediate outcomes between stage 1 AKI and controls. AKD patients, especially those with diabetes and a second infection, need careful monitoring and prompt treatment for AKD to prevent negative outcomes.
Well‐being, part 1: The concept of well‐being
Authors: Lin Eden 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJudgments about how well things are going for people during particular periods of time, and about how well people's entire lives have gone or will go, are ubiquitous in ordinary life. Those judgments are aboutwell‐being—or, equivalently,welfareorquality of life. This article examines the concept of well‐being and the related concepts of prudential value and disvalue (i.e., goodness or badness for someone). It distinguishes these concepts from ones with which they might be conflated, exhibits some of the roles they play in ethical thought, and examines some attempts to analyze or define them.
Well‐being, part 2: Theories of well‐being
Authors: Lin Eden 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTheories of well‐being purport to identify the features of lives, and of intervals within lives, in virtue of which some people are high in well‐being and others are low in well‐being. They also purport to identify the properties that make some events or states of affairs good for a person and other events or states of affairs bad for a person. This article surveys some of the main theories of well‐being, with an emphasis on work published since the turn of the century.
Global Med Ed Café: A safe space for conversations
Authors: Dzara Kristina , Bruynell Karen L. , Alexander Erik K. , DePaula Caitlyn R. , Ramani Subha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunities of practice foster knowledge sharing, scholarly collaboration, mentoring and professional identify formation. Easier access to technology overall and the desire to engage with peers during the pandemic have increased opportunities to engage in virtual global conversations.ApproachThe Brigham Education Institute designed and implemented a series of six bimonthly, 1‐hour ‘Global Medical Education Cafés’ between September 2020 and June 2021. They were offered on the Zoom platform and featured a core educational topic led by one or two discussants, followed by small group interactions surrounding specific questions or challenges. Discussants were selected based on their international reputation and recognition as health professions education scholars and leaders with expertise in specific areas. Each café was advertised through newsletters, social media, educational email lists and open to educators from any healthcare discipline or geographical region.EvaluationBetween 26 and 41 participants attended each session from 12 countries representing five continents. Content analysis of preliminary education evaluation data from chats and reflective narratives identified four key themes: (1) exciting interactive format; (2) sense of worldwide community; (3) safe space for conversations; and (4) strong moderators facilitating engaging peer conversations.ImplicationsThe series leaders aimed to emphasise inclusive, non‐hierarchical and cross‐cultural conversations. Preliminary evaluation suggests that this goal was achieved; these will remain priorities in future series. Educators worldwide can organise similar events with minimal resources. A safe space for conversations and open‐mindedness to learning from a variety of learning and societal cultures are likely essential elements for success.
The transfusion service laboratory in virtual reality
Authors: Tsang Hamilton C. , Truong Jessica , Morse Ryan J. , Hasan Rida A. , Lieberman Joshua A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to the global SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, in‐person laboratory medicine clerkships were converted to distance learning. The remote clerkship format provided advantages of allowing participation of students from more locations and greater scheduling flexibility but provided new challenges of maintaining learner engagement and providing experiential content of the laboratory environment. Gamification of educational content is one educational modality that has shown effectiveness in a multitude of different contexts to increase learner engagement and retention. Therefore, we created an interactive, educational 360° virtual reality walkthrough tour using off‐the‐shelf commercially available 360° cameras and software of the Transfusion service and Microbiology Laboratories. The process consists of taking multiple 360° still‐images within the space, color‐correction, blurring the faces of staff or sensitive information, adding navigation buttons, and other interactive elements. The virtual tours were used for both recruitment and education with further plans to integrate the learning modality into the curriculum. The clerkship is likely to remain as partially or fully as remote learning so such walkthrough tours will continue to remain relevant. This technology can be applied globally to other departments and institutions for education or recruitment.
Are convalescent plasma stocks collected during former COVID‐19 waves still effective against current SARS‐CoV‐2 variants?
Authors: Focosi Daniele , Franchini Massimo , Joyner Michael J. , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was among the few frontline therapies used to treat COVID‐19. After large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relying on late use in hospitalized patients and/or low antibody titres failed to meet their predefined primary endpoint, the infectious disease community reduced usage of CCP in favour of monoclonal antibodies. Consequently, there are CCP stocks at most transfusion centres worldwide, although scattered usage continues. Further, better designed RCTs are also being launched. The urgent question here is: should we use CCP units collected months before given the largely changed viral variant landscape? We review here in vitro evidence that discourages usage of such CCP units against Delta and other variants of concern. CCP collections should be continued in order to update the armamentarium of therapeutics against vaccine breakthrough infections or in unvaccinated patients and is especially relevant in next‐generation RCTs.
Comparison between T2‐weighted two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo MRI sequences for characterizing thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease in small‐breed dogs
Authors: Lee Suhyeon , Hwang Jeongyeon , Ko Jaeeun , Jeong Jeongyun , Eom Kidong , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a standard test for diagnosis and treatment planning in dogs with degenerative thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). However, published studies evaluating three‐dimensional fast‐spin echo (3D‐FSE) pulse sequences for dogs with IVDD are currently limited. Aims of this retrospective, observational study were to compare findings from T2‐weighted two‐ and three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo sequences (2D‐ and 3D‐FSE, respectively) for a group of small breed dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD. Inclusion criteria were dogs with IVDD that underwent 1.5‐Tesla MRI using both 2D‐FSE and 3D‐FSE sequences. For each dog and sequence, five pathologic indices were recorded: epidural fat discontinuation, vertebral canal compromise, spinal cord signal change, disc degeneration, and nerve root compression. Two independent investigators also scored visibility of the facet joint, intervertebral foramen, nerve roots, spinal cord grey‐white matter differentiation, intervertebral discs, and epidural fat. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to evaluate the between‐sequence differences in pathologic indices and visibility scores. Interobserver agreement was measured using Cohen's weighted kappa along with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 21 dogs were sampled. The 3D‐FSE sequences had higher pathologic indices of vertebral canal compromise (P = 0.020) and spinal cord signal change (P = 0.046) than 2D‐FSE sequences. Furthermore, 3D‐FSE sequences had higher visibility scores for the facet joint, intervertebral foramen, and nerve root structures (P < 0.001). Findings from the current supported the use of 3D‐FSE sequences over 2D‐FSE sequences for the evaluation of IVDD and visualization of spinal structures in small breed dogs.
A Novel Approach to Configuration Redesign: Using Multiobjective Monotonicity Analysis to Alter the Pareto Set
Authors: Sigurdarson Nökkvi S. , Eifler Tobias , Ebro Martin , Papalambros Panos Y. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Configuration (or topology or embodiment) design remains a ubiquitous challenge in product design optimization and in design automation, meaning configuration design is largely driven by experience in industrial practice. In this article, we introduce a novel configuration redesign process founded on the interaction of the designer with results from rigorous multiobjective monotonicity analysis. Guided by Pareto set dependencies, the designer seeks to reduce trade-offs among objectives or improve optimality overall, deriving redesigns that eliminate dependencies or relax active constraints. The method is demonstrated on an ingestible medical device for oral drug delivery, currently in early concept development.
Machine Learning for the Development of Data-Driven Turbulence Closures in Coolant Systems
Authors: Hammond James , Montomoli Francesco , Pietropaoli Marco , Sandberg Richard D. , Michelassi Vittorio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work shows the application of Gene Expression Programming to augment RANS turbulence closures for flows though complex geometries. Specifically, an optimized internal cooling channel of a turbine blade, designed for additive manufacturing. One of the challenges in internal cooling design is the heat transfer accuracy of the RANS formulation in comparison to higher fidelity methods, which are still not used in design on account of their computational cost. However, high fidelity data can be extremely valuable for improving current lower fidelity models and this work shows the application of data-driven approaches to develop turbulence closures for an internally ribbed duct. Different approaches are compared and the results of the improved model are illustrated; first on the same geometry, and then for an unseen predictive case.
The work shows the potential of using data-driven models for accurate heat transfer predictions even in non-conventional configurations and indicates the ability of closures learnt from complex flow cases to adapt successfully to unseen test cases.
The Role of an Actual Brand Positioning: An Analysis of Digital Advertisements
Authors: Won June , Lee J. Lucy 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to: (a) investigate the actual positions in digital communications; (b) assess the relationship between position-congruity among intended positions (i.e., how a firm desires to be perceived by consumers), actual brand positions, and perceived brand positions (i.e., the perceptions that customers have in their minds); and (c) understand the role of actual positioning (AP) in the positioning process. Multiple methods (one-on-one and focus group interviews, content analysis) were applied to analyze positions. Brand managers, golf consumers, and digital advertisements in Golf Digest magazine were sampled. Content analysis, frequencies and percentages, percentage difference, and regression analysis were performed for all positions for each research brand. The results revealed that: (a) tangibility-based positions (88.5%: great quality, innovation) outnumbered intangibility-based ones (11.5%: tour performance, tradition) in digital AP, (b) there was no positive correlation between the degree of congruence between intended and AP and the degree of congruence between intended and perceived positioning, and (c) the AP mediated between intended and perceived positioning in the brand positioning model. The study provides empirical evidence for the mediating role of AP and suggests modifications to the previous positioning process.
Indirect effects of the covid-19 pandemic on childhood infection in England: population based observational study
Authors: Kadambari Seilesh , Goldacre Raphael , Morris Eva , Goldacre Michael J , Pollard Andrew J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on hospital admission rates and mortality outcomes for childhood respiratory infections, severe invasive infections, and vaccine preventable disease in England.DesignPopulation based observational study of 19 common childhood respiratory, severe invasive, and vaccine preventable infections, comparing hospital admission rates and mortality outcomes before and after the onset of the pandemic in England.SettingHospital admission data from every NHS hospital in England from 1 March 2017 to 30 June 2021 with record linkage to national mortality data.PopulationChildren aged 0-14 years admitted to an NHS hospital with a selected childhood infection from 1 March 2017 to 30 June 2021.Main outcome measuresFor each infection, numbers of hospital admissions every month from 1 March 2017 to 30 June 2021, percentage changes in the number of hospital admissions before and after 1 March 2020, and adjusted odds ratios to compare 60 day case fatality outcomes before and after 1 March 2020.ResultsAfter 1 March 2020, substantial and sustained reductions in hospital admissions were found for all but one of the 19 infective conditions studied. Among the respiratory infections, the greatest percentage reductions were for influenza (mean annual number admitted between 1 March 2017 and 29 February 2020 was 5379 and number of children admitted from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 was 304, 94% reduction, 95% confidence interval 89% to 97%), and bronchiolitis (from 51 655 to 9423, 82% reduction, 95% confidence interval 79% to 84%). Among the severe invasive infections, the greatest reduction was for meningitis (50% reduction, 47% to 52%). For the vaccine preventable infections, reductions ranged from 53% (32% to 68%) for mumps to 90% (80% to 95%) for measles. Reductions were seen across all demographic subgroups and in children with underlying comorbidities. Corresponding decreases were also found for the absolute numbers of 60 day case fatalities, although the proportion of children admitted for pneumonia who died within 60 days increased (age-sex adjusted odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.43 to 2.05). More recent data indicate that some respiratory infections increased to higher levels than usual after May 2021.ConclusionsDuring the covid-19 pandemic, a range of behavioural changes (adoption of non-pharmacological interventions) and societal strategies (school closures, lockdowns, and restricted travel) were used to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which also reduced admissions for common and severe childhood infections. Continued monitoring of these infections is required as social restrictions evolve.
Large-scale manufacturing and characterization of CMV-CD19CAR T cells
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Urak Ryan , Walter Miriam , Guan Min , Han Tianxu , Vyas Vibhuti , Chien Sheng-Hsuan , Gittins Brenna , Clark Mary C , Mokhtari Sally , Cardoso Angelo , Diamond Don J , Zaia John , Forman Stephen J , Nakamura Ryotaro 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAdoptive transfer of CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CD19CAR) T cells can induce dramatic disease regression in patients with B cell malignancies. CD19CAR T cell therapy may be limited by insufficient engraftment and persistence, resulting in tumor relapse. We previously demonstrated a proof of principle that cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells can be isolated and enriched prior to CD19CAR transduction to produce CMV-CD19CAR T cells, and that these CMV-CD19CAR T cells can be expanded in vivo through CMV vaccination, resulting in better tumor control in a murine model. Here we developed a clinical platform for generating CMV-CD19CAR T cells.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from CMV-seropositive healthy donors were stimulated with a good manufacturing practices-grade PepTivator overlapping CMVpp65 peptide pool and enriched for CMV-responsive interferon γ (IFNγ)+T cells using IFNγ Catchmatrix, within the CliniMACS Prodigy Cytokine Capture System (Miltenyi Biotec). Resulting CMV-specific T cells were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding a second generation CD19R:CD28:ζ/EGFRt CAR and expanded with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-15 for 15 days before characterization.ResultsCMV-specific T cells were enriched from 0.8%±0.5 of input PBMC to 76.3%±11.6 in nine full-scale qualification runs (absolute yield of 4.2±3.3×106IFNγ+T cells from an input of 1×109PBMCs). Average CD19CAR transduction efficiency of CMV-specific T cells was 27.0%±14.2 in the final products, which underwent rapid expansion, resulting in a total cell dose of 6.2±0.9 × 106CD19CAR-tranduced T cells with CMV specificity (ie, functionally bispecific). CMV-CD19CAR T cells were polyclonal, expressed memory markers but had low expression of exhaustion markers, responded to both CD19 and CMVpp65 stimulation with rapid proliferation and exhibited antigen-specific effector functions against both CD19-expressing tumors and CMVpp65 antigen. The final products passed release criteria for clinical use.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility of our large-scale platform for generating CMV-CD19CAR T cells for clinical application. We plan to initiate a clinical trial at City of Hope using CMV-CD19CAR T cells for patients with intermediate/high-grade B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma immediately after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by vaccination with a novel CMV vaccine based on Modified Vaccinia Ankara (Triplex) 28 days and 56 days post-T cell infusion.
Motion-induced energy shifts of a multilevel atom in a black-body radiation field
Authors: Cai Huabing , Wang Li-Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the influence of atomic uniform motion on radiative energy shifts of a multilevel atom when it interacts with black-body radiation. Our analysis reveals that the atomic energy shifts depend crucially on three factors: the temperature of black-body thermal radiation, atomic velocity, and atomic polarizability. In the low-temperature limit, the presence of atomic uniform motion always enhances the effect of the thermal field on the atomic energy shifts. However, in the high-temperature limit, the atomic uniform motion enhances the effect of the thermal field for an atom polarizable perpendicular to the atomic velocity but weakens it for an atom polarizable parallel to the atomic velocity. Our work indicates that the physical properties of atom–field coupling systems can in principle be regulated and controlled by the combined action of the thermal field and the atomic uniform motion.
Rees matrix seminearring
Authors: Pal Pavel , Mukherjee Rajlaxmi , Ghosh Manideepa 
Published: January 2022

As a continuation of the work done in (R. Mukherjee (Pal), P. Pal and S. K. Sardar, On additively completely regular seminearrings, Commun. Algebra 45 (12) (2017) 5111–5122), in this paper, our objective is to characterize left (right) completely simple seminearrings in terms of Rees Construction by generalizing the concept of Rees matrix semigroup (J. M. Howie, Fundamentals of Semigroup Theory (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1995); M. Petrich and N. R. Reilly, Completely Regular Semigroups (Wiley, New York, 1999)) and that of Rees matrix semiring (M. K. Sen, S. K. Maity and H. J. Weinert, Completely simple semirings, Bull. Calcutta Math. Soc. 97 (2005) 163–172). In Rees theorem, a completely simple semigroup is coordinatized in such a way that each element can be seen to be a triplet which gives this abstract structure a much more simpler look. In this paper, we have been able to construct a similar kind of coordinate structure of a restricted class of left (right) completely simple seminearrings taking impetus from (M. P. Grillet, Semirings with a completely simple additive semigroup, J. Austral. Math. Soc. 20 (Ser. A) (1975) 257–267, Theorem [Formula: see text] and (M. K. Sen, S. K. Maity and H. J. Weinert, Completely simple semirings, Bull. Calcutta Math. Soc. 97 (2005) 163–172, Theorem 3.1).