bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Long Term Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function in the Age Group of 40-55 Years of Both Genders
Authors: Shalini N. , Sridevi G. , Preetha S. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: To determine the effect of long term physical exercise on cognitive function.
Introduction: Physical exercise is a strong gene modulator and it affects the brain plasticity by influencing cognitive function. It is also a protein factor of neurodegeneration.
Materials and Methods: 20 healthy adults in the age group of 40-55 years of both genders with no history of neurological condition were chosen for the study. The participants were categorised into 2 groups, one with subjects on regular physical exercise for a period of 1 year and another with subjects without any physical mode of exercise.
Results: Attention and calculation tasks conducted on long term physical exercise and non physical exercise are significant and recall tasks conducted on long term physical exercise are significant. The level of registration and language was high in the long term physical exercise population as compared to the non-physical exercise population.
Conclusion: The present study added an innovative evidence that the role of exercise enhances cognitive function in young subjects and reduces cognitive decay. Regular exercise has the potential to reduce risk of various neurological diseases including Alzheimer, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s.
Terminalia chebula Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial Activity against Oral Pathogens
Authors: Sathvika K. , Varghese Sheeja S. , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Dental infections cause chronic disorders such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental caries when left untreated, resulting in irreversible tooth loss. However, solid preventive methods, such as employing promising herbs with well-documented health advantages like Terminalia chebula, can help to reduce the excessive expansion of dangerous oral flora like Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis.
Aim: The goal of this study is to see how effective silver nanoparticles made from Terminalia chebula are against oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis at various doses.
Materials and Methodology: The plant extract was made from Terminalia chebula, followed by the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial efficacy of Ag-NPs in varied concentrations, namely 25, 50, and 100 L, was determined using the agar-well diffusion method, with amoxicillin acting as a positive control. For each plate, the zone of inhibition was recorded, and the findings were statistically analysed using one way anova and post hoc analysis using IBM SPSS software (Version 20.0)
Results: Following the synthesis of Ag-NPs, a colour shift was noticed. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to characterise the synthesized particles, which revealed a peak at 440nm. With a rise in Ag-NP concentration, the antibacterial activity indicated an increase in zone of inhibition. The zone of inhibition for S. aureus was substantially higher than Amoxicillin at all doses of Ag-NPs (p< 0.05), whereas it was significantly lower for E. faecalis (p<0.05). The zone of inhibition for S. mutans was substantially lower than amoxicillin at 25µL concentration (p< 0.05), but there was no significant difference at higher concentrations (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs derived from Terminalia chebula against dental pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis.
Anticancer Potential from Rhizophora mucronata Plant Leaf Associated Streptomyces Species against the Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Kishen Akansha , Sivaperumal P. , Roy Anitha , Lakshmi T. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Rhizophora mucronata is small to a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to a height of about 20 to 25 meters (approximately 66 to 82 feet), on the banks of the river. These mangroves have anticancer, antioxidant, antifungal, and viral activities which enhance their existence. Streptomyces species are the largest genus of Actinobacteria. They are gram-positive and are found in soil, decaying vegetation, and mangrove leaves. The breast cancer cell lines are used to test the anticancer potential.
Aim: Aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial activity from Rhizophora mucronata, against breast cancer cell lines.
Materials and Methods: Rhizophora mucronata leaf samples were collected and Streptomyces sp was isolated from the mangrove leaf. Further, extraction metabolites from Streptomyces were done and an MTT assay was checked against the cancer cell line.
Results and Discussion: The Rhizophora mucronata associated Streptomyces sp was identified by colour of aerial mycelium, soluble pigments, and Spore chain morphology. Further, the secondary metabolites production was done. The potential anticancer activity from the Streptomyces metabolites was done.
Conclusion: Rhizophora mucronata mangrove plant leaf associated with Marine Streptomyces showed good anti-cancer activity. Further, an in-vivo study using the metabolites is possible in the future.
Assessing the Efficacy of Sonic Toothbrush in Reducing the Plaque Pathogens in Comparison with Manual Brushing
Authors: Begum Akifa , Muralidharan N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The bacteria present in dental plaque are the main cause of caries, gum disease, and periodontal disease. Regular brushing will remove plaque build up and maintain the oral health. An ultrasonic toothbrush is an electric toothbrush which is designed for daily home use which operates by generating ultrasound waves to help in removing plaque and rendering plaque bacteria harmless.
Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of sonic toothbrush in reducing the plaque pathogens in comparison with the normal brushing.
Materials and Methods: Volunteers who use sonic toothbrushes were selected as a study population. The swab samples were collected before and after brushing. The collected swabs were inoculated on BHI agar and the total CFU count was checked.
Results and Discussion: The percentage reduction in case of ultrasonic toothbrush was more (86.82%) when compared to the manual brushing making it efficient in reducing plaque pathogens.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that the ultrasonic or the sonic toothbrush is efficient on plaque pathogens on the tooth surface.
Preformulation Study of Glimepiride: An Insight for Formulation and Development of Parenteral Formulation
Authors: Patel Chirag , Suthar Disha , Patel Hetal , Movaliya Vinit , Parejiya Punit 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The objective of preformulation study is to develop the elegant, stable, effective and safe dosage form by establishing kinetic profile, compatibility with other formulation excipients and physico-chemical parameters of new drug substance. This could provide important information for formulation design or support the need for molecular modification. So, in the present study preformulation studies were performed on Glimepiride (GMP) to assess its suitability for parenteral formulation. Glimepiride is the first IIIrd generation sulphonyl urea used to treat type –II diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The authenticity of GMP was established by DSC and FTIR spectra. A UV spectrophotometric method and HPLC method were employed for determination of GMP in bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).
Results: The UV method was linear in the range of 3-10 μg/ml. The low % CV values of intra-day and inter-day variations revealed that the proposed method is robust. The retention time of GMP in HPLC method was found to be 1.9 min. The method was proven robust by obtaining very high regression coefficient value (0.999).
Conclusions: The results of the physicochemical study of drug revealed suitability of GMP for parenteral route. Moreover, the drug was found stable in both solid as well as liquid state at different conditions.
Note of the Recent Excavation of a Cairn on the High Law, and of other Antiquities in the Parish of Cruden, Aberdeenshire. (with Additional Notes by Stuart, John)
Authors: Pratt J B , Stuart John 
Published: March 2022

This paper records the excavation of a cairn in Aberdeenshire by Major-General Moore and Mr Alex Murray. The excavators concluded that the cairn and the cist below it had been examined before, based on the looseness of the stones making up both structures. The Major-General was also involved in a dig at St Olaf's Church nearby, where he unearthed some human remains.

The article ends with a short exploration of Scandanavian influence in Scotland by the Secretary, John Stuart. A committee was also formed at this meeting to investigate the history and structure of the Scottish language.
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: March 2022

Lord Neaves, the Chair of this Anniversary meeting, addressed the members of the Society and emphasised the importance of the study of antiquarians to both historic and prehistoric research. He also stresses that subjects such as comparative philology and legal history can provide key insights for the study of the past. The Secretary then reported on the state of the Society's collections and noted that they could soon be moved into a larger premises, which would allow the Society to expand the national collection.

Meeting notes for 13 December, 1858 are appended.
Description of a Cairn in the Isle of Bute
Authors: Mackinlay John 
Published: March 2022

A report on the excavation of Cairnbaan in Bute, including its dimensions and the author's suggestions of what it may have been used for. He also quotes another antiquarian's investigation into the cairns at Kilfinan in Argyll.

Meeting notes for 10 January, 1859 are appended.
Contract between the City of Edinburgh and John Meikle, for a Chime of Musical Bells, 1698
Authors: Laing David 
Published: March 2022

The author discusses the history of the bells that were housed in St Giles cathedral in Edinburgh in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In particular, the article includes transcriptions of contracts between the church and John Meikle for musical bells.

Meeting notes for 16 February, 1859 are appended.
Notes on the Antiquities of Kinross-shire
Authors: Annan Robert 
Published: March 2022

This article examines some of the local history and artefacts found in Kinross. In the first section, the author attempts to trace the history of a set of keys that were believed to have been thrown into Loch Leven when Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned in the castle there. He then moves on to the history of the culdee hermitage on St Serf's Inch, its origins, some of the finds that were unearthed there, and the ruins that could be observed on the island in the nineteenth century. The author also discusses the manufacture of vellum and parchment in the village of Kinnesswood near Loch Leven and includes quotes from letters he received from the children of John Birrell, one such manufacturer.

Meeting notes for 12 March, 1860 are appended.
Notice of the Kers of Samuelston
Authors: Thomson Thomas 
Published: March 2022

This article presents some information about the Ker family of Samuelston, particularly about how James Ker came to inherit Samuelston. The author speculates that there may have been a familial connection between James Ker and John Knox, but acknowledges that this would require further study to prove.

Meeting notes for 15 February, 1858 are appended.
Historical Description of the Altar-Piece painted in the reign of King James the Third of Scotland, in the Palace of Holyrood
Authors: Laing David 
Published: March 2022

The author discusses an altarpiece that had been recently returned to Holyrood palace from London. He puts forward his argument for who each of the figures in the piece represents and then goes on to argue that the artist may have been Flemish.

Meeting notes for 14 December, 1857 are appended.
Treatment Responses in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Axial Disease According to Human Leukocyte Antigen‐B27 Status: An Analysis From the CorEvitas Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Chakravarty Soumya D. , McLean Robert R. , Blachley Taylor , Kawashima Toana , Lin Iris , Kavanaugh Arthur , Ogdie Alexis 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveAxial disease is common and burdensome in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Human leukocyte antigen‐B27 (HLA‐B27) is a risk factor for axial PsA; treatment response by HLA‐B27 status is inadequately characterized. This study evaluated responses to biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) overall and by HLA‐B27 status in patients with PsA axial disease.MethodsThis observational study included participants in the CorEvitas (formerly Corrona) PsA/Spondyloarthritis Registry who initiated bDMARD or tsDMARD treatment at baseline, had a 6‐month follow‐up visit, fulfilled Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis, had a baseline Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score of ≥4, and had known HLA‐B27 status. Disease characteristics at baseline and 6 months were evaluated overall and by HLA‐B27 status. Association between HLA‐B27 status and treatment response was evaluated using an analysis of covariance model.ResultsThe analysis included 173 bDMARD or tsDMARD treatment initiations (54 [31.2%] among patients with HLA‐B27+ status and 119 [68.8%] among patients with HLA‐B27− status). BASDAI total and component scores decreased by ≤0.84 across groups after 6 months of bDMARD or tsDMARD therapy; these changes are not considered clinically meaningful. HLA‐B27 status was not statistically significantly associated with changes in axial‐related outcomes.ConclusionIn patients with PsA axial disease, 6 months of bDMARD or tsDMARD therapy provided only mild improvements in axial‐related outcomes, irrespective of HLA‐B27 status. This continued high disease activity reflects a critical unmet need for focus on the axial domain of PsA and for additional safe and effective therapies for psoriatic axial disease.
Adaptive output‐feedback control for a class of nonlinear systems based on optimized backstepping technique
Authors: Shen Fei , Wang Xinjun , Li Haotian , Yin Xinghui 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIn this article, an adaptive output‐feedback control for a class of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems is developed based on optimized backstepping technique. Neural networks are utilized to approximate unknown functions, while a state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable system state signals. Since the presented optimized control scheme requires training the adaptive parameters for reinforcement learning (RL), it will be more challenging for designing control algorithms and deriving the adaptive update rates. In general, optimization control is designed based on the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, but solving the equation is very difficult due to the inherent nonlinearity and intractability. So, RL strategy of actor‐critic architecture is used. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that all signals of the closed‐loop systems are semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the results of the simulation cases are provided to show the effectiveness of the designed controller scheme.
An Electrically Conductive Oleogel Paste for Edible Electronics
Authors: Cataldi Pietro , Lamanna Leonardo , Bertei Claudia , Arena Federica , Rossi Pietro , Liu Mufeng , Di Fonzo Fabio , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Luzio Alessandro , Caironi Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEdible electronics will facilitate point‐of‐care testing through safe devices digested/degraded in the body/environment after performing a specific function. This technology, to thrive, requires a library of materials that are the basic building blocks for eatable platforms. Edible electrical conductors fabricated with green methods and at a large scale and composed of food derivatives, ingestible in large amounts without risk for human health are needed. Here, conductive pastes made with materials with a high tolerable upper intake limit (≥mg kg−1 body weight per day) are proposed. Conductive oleogel composites, made with biodegradable and food‐grade materials like natural waxes, oils, and activated carbon conductive fillers, are presented. The proposed pastes are compatible with manufacturing processes such as direct ink writing and thus are suitable for an industrial scale‐up. These conductors are built without using solvents and with tunable electromechanical features and adhesion depending on the composition. They have antibacterial and hydrophobic properties so that they can be used in contact with food preventing contamination and preserving its organoleptic properties. As a proof‐of‐principle application, the edible conductive pastes are demonstrated to be effective edible contacts for food impedance analysis, to be integrated, for example, in smart fruit labels for ripening monitoring.
Lithium‐Diffusion Induced Capacity Losses in Lithium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Rehnlund David , Wang Zhaohui , Nyholm Leif 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRechargeable lithium‐based batteries generally exhibit gradual capacity losses resulting in decreasing energy and power densities. For negative electrode materials, the capacity losses are largely attributed to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer and volume expansion effects. For positive electrode materials, the capacity losses are, instead, mainly ascribed to structural changes and metal ion dissolution. This review focuses on another, so far largely unrecognized, type of capacity loss stemming from diffusion of lithium atoms or ions as a result of concentration gradients present in the electrode. An incomplete delithiation step is then seen for a negative electrode material while an incomplete lithiation step is obtained for a positive electrode material. Evidence for diffusion‐controlled capacity losses is presented based on published experimental data and results obtained in recent studies focusing on this trapping effect. The implications of the diffusion‐controlled Li‐trapping induced capacity losses, which are discussed using a straightforward diffusion‐based model, are compared with those of other phenomena expected to give capacity losses. Approaches that can be used to identify and circumvent the diffusion‐controlled Li‐trapping problem (e.g., regeneration of cycled batteries) are discussed, in addition to remaining challenges and proposed future research directions within this important research area.
Twin‐Structured Graphene Metamaterials with Anomalous Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lin Zaishan , Dong Jiaqi , Wang Xin , Huang Qitao , Shen Xi , Yang Minglong , Sun Xianxian , Yuan Ye , Wang Shasha , Ning Yuanhao , Yang Shuang , Yin Weilong , Li Menglin , Sun Yiwei , Zhang Qiangqiang , Li Yibin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTypically, solid materials exhibit transverse contraction in response to stretching in the orthogonal direction and transverse expansion under compression conditions. However, when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into a 3D porous architecture, the orientation‐arrangement‐delivered directional deformation of micro–nanosheets may induce anomalous mechanical properties. In this study, a 3D hierarchical graphene metamaterial (GTM) with twin‐structured morphologies is assembled by manipulating the temperature gradient for ice growth during in situ freeze‐casting procedures. GTM demonstrates anomalous anisotropic compression performance with programable Poisson's ratios (PRs) and improved mechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, strength, modulus, and fatigue resistance) along different directions. Owing to the designed three‐phase deformation of 2D graphene sheets as basic microelements, the twin‐structure GTM delivers distinctive characteristics of compressive curves with an apparent stress plateau, and follows a strengthening tendency. This multiscale deformation behavior facilitates the enhancement of energy loss coefficient. In addition, a finite element theory based numerical model is established to optimize the structural design, and validate the multiscale tunable PR mechanism and oriented structural evolution. The mechanical and thermal applications of GTM indicate that the rational manipulation‐driven design of meta‐structures paves the way for exploring graphene‐based multifunctional materials with anomalous properties.
Anionic Lipid Nanoparticles Preferentially Deliver mRNA to the Hepatic Reticuloendothelial System
Authors: Pattipeiluhu Roy , Arias‐Alpizar Gabriela , Basha Genc , Chan Karen Y. T. , Bussmann Jeroen , Sharp Thomas H. , Moradi Mohammad‐Amin , Sommerdijk Nico , Harris Edward N. , Cullis Pieter R. , Kros Alexander , Witzigmann Dominik , Campbell Frederick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the leading nonviral technologies for the delivery of exogenous RNA to target cells in vivo. As systemic delivery platforms, these technologies are exemplified by Onpattro, an approved LNP‐based RNA interference therapy, administered intravenously and targeted to parenchymal liver cells. The discovery of systemically administered LNP technologies capable of preferential RNA delivery beyond hepatocytes has, however, proven more challenging. Here, preceded by comprehensive mechanistic understanding of in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution and bodily clearance, an LNP‐based messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery platform is rationally designed to preferentially target the hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES). Evaluated in embryonic zebrafish, validated in mice, and directly compared to LNP–mRNA systems based on the lipid composition of Onpattro, RES‐targeted LNPs significantly enhance mRNA expression both globally within the liver and specifically within hepatic RES cell types. Hepatic RES targeting requires just a single lipid change within the formulation of Onpattro to switch LNP surface charge from neutral to anionic. This technology not only provides new opportunities to treat liver‐specific and systemic diseases in which RES cell types play a key role but, more importantly, exemplifies that rational design of advanced RNA therapies must be preceded by a robust understanding of the dominant nano–biointeractions involved.
Controllable Synthesis of Atomically Thin 1T‐SnSe2 Flakes and Its Linear Second Harmonic Generation with Layer Thickness
Authors: Fu Jiatian , Zhao Liyun , Zhou Liang , Wu Kang , Du Jiaxing , Wang Xiangzhuo , Song Jiepeng , Zhu Lijie , Zhou Fan , Huan Yahuan , Bao Lihong , Wang Rongming , Zhang Qing , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs an important member of the IVA–VIA group compounds, 2D SnSe2 has emerged as a perfect platform for developing diverse applications, especially in high‐performance optoelectronic devices and data storage, etc. However, the bottom‐up synthesis of large‐area uniform, atomically thin SnSe2 crystals with controlled thicknesses has not yet been realized. Herein, we report the large‐area uniform growth of monolayer (1L), bilayer (2L), and few‐layer (FL) 1T‐SnSe2 single‐crystal flakes on mica substrates via a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route. The feeding amount of Sn precursor and flow rate of hydrogen carrier are found to be the key parameters for the thickness‐controlled growth of uniform SnSe2 flakes. More intriguingly, obvious second harmonic generation (SHG) is revealed in the retained inversion symmetry structure of 1T‐SnSe2, with its intensity showing linear dependence with the thickness from monolayer to multilayers. The new findings reported herein should pave the ways for the thickness‐tunable growth of atomically thin SnSe2 crystals, and their unique optical property explorations and applications in nonlinear optics.