bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research interrupted: Applying the CONSERVE 2021 Statement to a randomized trial of rehabilitation during critical illness affected by the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Reid Julie C , Molloy Alex , Strong Geoff , Kelly Laurel , O’Grady Heather , Cook Deborah , Archambault Patrick M , Ball Ian , Berney Sue , Burns Karen EA , D’Aragon Frederick , Duan Erick , English Shane W , Lamontagne François , Pastva Amy M , Rochwerg Bram , Seely Andrew JE , Serri Karim , Tsang Jennifer LY , Verceles Avelino C , Reeve Brenda , Fox-Robichaud Alison , Muscedere John , Herridge Margaret , Thabane Lehana , Kho Michelle E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rationale:
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted non-COVID critical care trials globally as intensive care units (ICUs) prioritized patient care and COVID-specific research. The international randomized controlled trial CYCLE (Critical Care Cycling to Improve Lower Extremity Strength) was forced to halt recruitment at all sites in March 2020, creating immediate challenges. We applied the CONSERVE (CONSORT and SPIRIT Extension for RCTs Revised in Extenuating Circumstance) guidance to report the impact of the pandemic on CYCLE and describe our mitigation approaches.
Methods
On March 23, 2020, the CYCLE Methods Centre distributed a standardized email to determine the number of patients still in-hospital and those requiring imminent 90-day endpoint assessments. We assessed protocol fidelity by documenting attempts to provide the in-hospital randomized intervention (cycling or routine physiotherapy), collect the primary outcome (physical function 3-days post-ICU discharge), and 90-day outcomes. We advised sites to prioritize data for the study’s primary outcome. We sought feedback on pandemic barriers related to trial procedures.
Results
As of March 17, 2020, 197 patients (of 360 planned) had been randomized; 26 (13.2%) remained in hospital or were pending 90-day assessments. From 15 active sites (12 Canada, 2 US, 1 Australia), we identified 5 patients still receiving the study intervention in ICUs, 6 requiring primary outcomes, and 17 requiring 90-day assessments. All ICU interventions (5/5, 100%), 5/6 (83%) of primary outcomes, and all (17/17, 100%) 90-day assessments were attempted. Out of the 6 primary outcomes, one site was unable to attempt due to a temporary institutional ban on direct patient contact for non-COVID research, 2 were attempted but not completed due to reasons unrelated to the pandemic, and 3 were completed. Our main mitigation strategies included identifying patients at risk for protocol deviations, communicating early and frequently with sites, monitoring patient progress, data entry, and validation, and providing guidance for conducting some research activities remotely.
Conclusions
We retained all enrolled patients with minimal missing data using several time-sensitive strategies. Although CONSERVE recommends reporting only major modifications incurred by extenuating circumstances, we suggest that there are other benefits to reporting mitigation strategies with the goal of improving research transparency and trial management.
Trial Registration:
NCT03471247
Study on Mechanical properties and Delamination factor evaluation of chemically treated nettle fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: . Pankaj , Kant Suman , Jawalkar Chandrashekhar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The exceptional benefits of natural fibers like high strength to weight ratio, biodegradable and low density increase the usage of natural fibers reinforcement in polymers has increased in recent years. To enhance bonding strength and decrease moisture absorption between polymers and natural fibers, this research paper is focused on the possibility of utilizing epoxy resin and nettle fiber to develop a biocomposite. In addition to that, surface modification of nettle fibers have been done by using different concentration of NaOH, KOH and NaHCO3. The treated fibers were then reinforced in the epoxy resin to investigate the influence of chemicals on the mechanical properties of developed biocomposites by performing tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength. The investigation results revealed that during the experimental investigation, maximum tensile strength (30.13 MPa), flexural strength (22.36 MPa) and impact strength (9.21 J) was discovered for 5% NaOH. All the mechanical testing was done by preparing samples according to the ASTM standards. Besides the mechanical testing, the fabricated composites were conventionally drilled to investigate the effect of spindle speed (50 – 800 rev/min), feed rate (0.125 – 1.2 mm/min) and drill diameter (4 – 8 mm). The study suggested an increase in delamination factor at a higher feed rate and drill diameter. Scanning electron microscopy was done on the drilled hole to observe the delamination damage due to drilling operations.
An NADPH-auxotrophic Corynebacterium glutamicum recombinant strain and used it to construct L-leucine high-yielding strain
Authors: Chen Sheng-Ling , Liu Ting-Shan , Zhang Wei-Guo , Xu Jianzhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The NADPH-regeneration enzymes in Corynebacterium glutamicum were inactivated to construct an NADPH-auxotrophic C. glutamicum strain by gene knockout and gene replacement. The resultant NADPH-auxotrophic C. glutamicum XL-1 ΔZMICg::ISm (i.e., strain Leu-1) grew well in the basic medium only with gluconate as carbon source. Replacement of the native glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD-GapDHCg) by NADP-GapDHCa from Clostridium acetobutylicum is an effective strategy for producing L-leucine in NADPH-prototrophic strain XL-1 and NADPH-auxotrophic strain Leu-1, whereas the L-leucine yield did not differ significantly between these strains (14.1 ± 1.8 g/L v.s. 16.2 ± 1.1 g/L). Enhancing the carbon flux in biosynthetic pathway by recombinant expression plasmid pEC-ABNCE promoted L-leucine production, but the shortage NADPH supply limited the L-leucine yield. The mutated promoters of zwf and icdCg were introduced into C. glutamicum with NADP-GapDHCa and pEC-ABNCE increased L-leucine yield (32.8 ± 1.7 g/L) and improved cell growth (OD562 = 41.3 ± 4.2) because the resultant strain C. glutamicum XL-1 ΔMICg::ISm GCg::GCa Pzwf-D1 Picd-D2/pEC-ABNCE (i.e., strain Leu-9) exhibited the proper intracellular NADPH and NADH level. This is the first report of constructing an L-leucine high-yielding strain that reasonably supplies NADPH by optimizing the biosynthetic pathway of NADPH from an NADPH-auxotrophic strain.
Pain among Older Adults with Cancer - Results from the Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation (CARE) Registry
Authors: Obaidi Mustafa AL , Kosmicki Sarah , Harmon Christian , Lobbous Mina , Outlaw Darryl , Khushman Moh’d , McGwin Gerald , Bhatia Smita , Giri Smith , Williams Grant R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The impact of pain on functional status and mental health among older adults with cancer is a relevant, yet understudied. We sought to identify the prevalence of pain at diagnosis in older adults with cancer and evaluate the association of pain with functional status limitations, cognition, and mental health. Methods: This study included older adults (age ≥60) with cancer enrolled in the CARE Registry. Pain measured in numeric rating scale from 0-10. We utilized the literature based cut off for moderate-severe as ≥4. Logistic regression used to assess differences in functional status, falls, cognitive complaints, and depression/anxiety associated with moderate/severe pain, adjusted for sex, race, education, ethnicity, marital status, cancer type/stage, and treatment phase. Results: Our cohort included 714 older adults with an average mean age of 70 years and 59% male. Common diagnoses included colorectal (27.9%) and pancreatic (18%). 43.3% reported moderate/severe pain. After multivariate adjusting for covariates, participants with self-reported moderate/severe pain were more likely to report limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 4.3 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-6.1, p<.001), limitation in activities of daily living (aOR 3.2 95% CI 2.0-5.1, p<.001), cognitive complaints (aOR 2.9 95% CI 1.4-6.0, p<.004), anxiety (aOR 2.2 95% CI 1.4-3.4, p<0.01), and depression (aOR 3.7 95% CI 2.2-6.5, p<.001).Conclusions: Pain is common amongst older adults with cancer and is associated with functional status limitations, cognitive complaints, and depression/anxiety. Strategies to reduce pain and minimize its potential impact on function and mental health warrant future research.
Implementing tuberculosis patient cost surveys in resource-constrained settings: lessons from Tanzania
Authors: Kilale Andrew Martin , Makasi Charles , Majaha Melkisedeck Lolakeha , Manga Chacha Dionis , Haule Sylvia , Hilary Pudensiana , Kimbute Omari , Kitua Stephen , Jani Bhavin , Range Nyagosya , Ngowi Bernard James , Nkiligi Emmanuel , Matechi Emmanuel , Muhandiki Wilbard , Mahamba Vishnu , Mutayoba Beatrice Kemilembe , Ershova Julia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) disproportionally affects persons and families who are economically and socially disadvantaged. Therefore, a patient cost survey was conducted in Tanzania to evaluate the costs incurred by patients and their households before and after the diagnosis of TB. It was the first survey in Tanzania to ascertain baseline information and experience for subsequent surveys. This paper aims to share the experience encountered during the survey to ensure the standardized approach and elimination of potential barriers for implementation of future surveys. A total of 777 TB patients from 30 clusters selected based on probability proportional to the size were interviewed during the study period. As the sample size was calculated based on notification data from the previous year, some health facilities experienced an inadequate number of TB patients during the study to meet the allocated cluster size for the survey. Most facilities had poor recording and recordkeeping in TB registers where deaths were not registered, and some patients had not been assigned district identification numbers. Fixed days for TB drug refills in health facilities affected the routine implementation of the survey as the interviews were conducted when patients visited the facility to pick up the drugs. Tablets used to collect data failed to capture the geographic location in some areas. The households of TB patients lost to follow-up and those who had died during TB treatment were not included in the survey. When planning and preparing for patient costs surveys, it is important to consider unforeseen factors which may affect planned activities and findings. During the survey in Tanzania, the identified challenges included survey logistics, communications, patient enrollment, and data management issues. To improve the quality of the findings of future surveys, it may be reasonable to revise survey procedures to include households of TB patients who were lost to follow up and those who died during TB treatment; the households of such patients may have incurred higher direct and indirect costs than households whose patient was cured as a result of receiving TB treatment.
Quantitative analysis of facial symmetry by using three-dimensional technology
Authors: Wu Zhouqiang , Gao Xiaolei , Long Hu , Lai Wenli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Facial symmetry is becoming increasingly important in today's orthodontic treatment. But the asymmetrical boundary is not clearly demarcated. 3dMD has a clear advantage in measuring facial asymmetry. The aim of this study was to quantify the facial asymmetry by three-dimensional (3D) technology as well as to study whether the evaluation by non-experts about facial asymmetry was consistent with the analysis by 3D technology.Methods: The facial symmetry of 330 patients was evaluated by 10 non-experts. 3D facial images were taken using 3dMD stereophotogrammetry equipment. The original face and its mirror shell were divided into 7 regions and the surface matching was measured in the whole face and all regional areas. The degree of symmetry was calculated by the software 3-matic STL 9.0. The difference between the two groups was analyzed by Independent-Samples T Test and the diagnostic efficiency of symmetry degree was analyzed by ROC curve analysis. The consistency between the symmetric degree and the result of evaluation was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results: The ROC analysis revealed significant diagnostic values in the determination of the facial asymmetry of lip, chin, cheek and lateral mandible areas. The cut-off values of symmetry degree were between 60%-80%. The evaluation was middle correlation with the symmetric degree of the whole face.Conclusions: The chin and lateral mandible contribute most significantly to the facial symmetry. The objective measurement of facial symmetry, 3D technology, is reliable.
Expression of lactoferrin in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and its clinical significance
Authors: Tao Yuanyong , Zhang Xuguang , Sun Mingyan , Zhang Yuzhi , Sun Wanli , Wu Qianqian , Dai Bingqing , Ma Chunhui , An Fengxiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) affects patients' lives and reduces their quality of life. Lactoferrin (LF) is a member of the transferrin family. We explore the expression level of LF in the peripheral blood of PTB patients and the clinical significance of LF in the diagnosis and course evaluation of PTB. Methods: Plasma LF concentration and neutrophil LF concentration were measured, and their correlation was analyzed, as well as their diagnostic validity and specificity for PTB. Results: Plasma LF concentration of active PTB patients was higher than that of stable PTB patients and patients in the control group. Neutrophil LF concentration of active PTB patients was higher than that of the control group, whereas it was reversed in stable PTB patients. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of neutrophil LF and plasma LF between primary and retreated PTB patients. There was a positive correlation between them, and the LF level was positively correlated with the TB replication load. Neutrophil LF had a higher specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing stable PTB, while plasma LF had higher specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of active PTB. Conclusions: Plasma LF has a higher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of active PTB, and LF might be a biological indicator of PTB.
Fabrication of durable multifunctional coatings for cotton fabrics with flame retardant, antibacterial, fluorine-free superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties
Authors: Gu Jianjun , Yan Xiaofei , Qi Dongming , Xie Ruyi , Yang Xiaoming , Li Yaobang , Li Jiawei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cotton has been widely used in fabrics owing to its good moisture absorption, air permeability, wearing comfort and biodegradability. However, cotton-based products are always easy to be ignited, breed bacteria and contamination due to the nature of massive cellulose and pores. In this work, a durable multifunctional coating for cotton fabric with flame retardant, antibacterial, fluorine-free superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties, FR-PDA@Ag-PDMS, was successfully fabricated on its surface. At first, dopamine was deposited on flame resistance cotton fabric grafted with ammonium vinyl phosphonate (AMVP). Then the antibacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were bound to polydopamine (PDA) coating on the fabric surface by reducibility of catechol in PDA, the coated fabric showed excellent antibacterial activity (99.99%) against S. aureus and E. coli. Subsequently, the fabric was coated by PDMS to obtain excellent self-cleaning ability with a water contact angle (CA) of over 150°. The flame retardant tests results showed the multifunctional coating cotton fabrics obtained the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) of 29.8%, self-extinguishment, lower total heat release, and effective smoke suppression compared with the bare cotton. More importantly, under the action of AMVP, PDA@Ag, and PDMS, multifunctional coating cotton fabrics still maintained excellent durability flame retardant, antibacterial, superhydrophobic and self-cleaning performance after 50 standard washing cycles.
Oral symptom assessment tools in patients with advanced cancer: a scoping review
Authors: Cleary Niamh , Mulkerrin Olivia Munnelly , Davies Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeOral symptoms are common in patients with advanced cancer. The aim of this scoping review was to identify oral symptom assessment tools that have been specifically utilised in patients with “advanced cancer”.MethodsThe review was conducted / reported according to international guidelines for undertaking scoping reviews. PubMed, Embase and CINAHL were searched for articles involving adult patients with advanced cancer, which involved assessment of ≥ 2 oral symptoms, and which involved patients with > 1 type of cancer. ResultsThe review identified four validated symptom assessment scales, including one cancer-specific quality of life scale (EORTC QLQ OH-15), one generic tool for assessing the “social impact” of specific oral problems (OHIP), one cancer-specific generic symptom assessment scale (MSAS), and one cancer-specific oral symptom assessment scale (OSAS).ConclusionSymptom assessment tools can facilitate good symptom control in clinical practice, and are an integral component of clinical research. The review identified four validated symptom assessment scales that could be utilised to assess oral symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.
Implementing electronic patient reported outcome data capture for multi-centre oncology clinical trials
Authors: Philipps Lara , Foster Stephanie , Gardiner Deborah , Gillman Alexa , Haviland Jo , Hill Elizabeth , Manning Georgina , Stiles Morgaine , Hall Emma , Lewis Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Traditionally patient reported outcomes (PRO) are collected on paper as key endpoints for clinical trials. With increasing internet usage there is an interest in the use of electronic patient reported outcomes. Although previous studies in the general oncology clinical setting have shown the equivalence of scores in paper and electronic formats, there is a wide ranging level of uptake of electronic patient reported outcome acceptance amongst trial patients.Implementation plan:We have chosen to implement the use of electronic patient reported outcomes in our clinical trial population using a study within a trial (SWAT) to assess functionality and acceptability to patients. This will be led by a multi-disciplinary team of project managers, methodologists, clinicians and data scientists. The implementation plan has multiple ethical and regulatory considerations required in system identification, patient and public involvement and the design of a SWAT. Conclusion: Implementation of ePRO even in a world of increasing technology use is a complex and multifactorial project requiring careful consideration and adequate resourcing.
Trend and effectiveness of blending learning in Chinese pharmaceutical education
Authors: Li Tianyi , Wang Haina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: This study reviewed the trend and application effectiveness of blending learning in pharmaceutical education in China. In the post epidemic era, developing countries, including China, are in a critical period of digital transformation in education. Blending learning has been widely used in Pharmaceutical education in China. It is crucial to understand the development stage objectively and evaluate the teaching effect correctly.Methods: Using CiteSpace.5.8.3 software, this paper analyzes the global development trend and hotspots of 1537 articles on blended learning collected in Web of Science database from 2000 to 2021. The research on the application of blended learning in Pharmaceutical specialty in China was systematically searched from the databases construction to August 2021. Review Manager5.4 software was used to analyze the included studies.Results: According to visual analysis, blended learning, especially in theory and technology, has developed rapidly and is still a research hotspot in the field of education. A total of 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis. According to the analysis, compared with conventional teaching method, students' theoretical scores (MD=6.10, 95%CI[4.46, 7.75], P < 0.00001), experimental operation scores (MD=6.50, 95%CI[4.33, 8.67], P < 0.00001) and multiple learning abilities were improved in blending learning. Conclusions: Based on the published articles, the effect of blending learning is better than traditional teaching method in pharmaceutical education in China in recent years. This teaching method can be used as an optional method of pharmacy teaching in China, but it needs to design the curriculum reasonably according to the environment of higher education in China.
An Integrated GIS-based ANP Analysis for Selecting Solar Farm Installation Locations: Case Study in Cumra Region, Turkey
Authors: Uyan Mevlut , Dogmus Ozgul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the depletion of traditional energy sources, which are defined as fossil fuels, the importance of renewable energy sources has increased even more. Renewable energy is a sustainable energy source that can be reproduced with the use of existing resources and has almost no harm to the environment. Solar energy is one of the leading energy types among sustainable energy sources. The sun is an inexhaustible source of energy for humanity that can be used for generations. The first step in the project design process in the installation of solar farms is to determine the suitable land. Appropriate site selection is an important factor that increases the efficiency of a solar farm. In order to minimize the negative environmental, economic and social effects in the solar farms location studies, all criteria affecting the study should be taken into consideration. A good land selection and preparation of the selected land for the process are among the issues that should be considered in the first place for an efficient solar farm. This study presents the application of combining ANP, which is one of the MCE methods, with GIS, in order to determine the most suitable locations for solar power plants in Cumra region, Konya, Turkey. Six main criteria have been defined for the most suitable site selection in the study area. Criteria maps were prepared by GIS software using weight values ​​determined from ANP and combined for the site suitability map. Suitability map was divided into three categories as low, moderate and high suitable with an equidistant classification method.