bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID‐19, gender, race, specialty and seniority on mental health during surgical training: an international study
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Layton Georgia R. , Burke Joshua R. , Churchill James A. , Jacobsen Jonathan Henry W. , Reid Jessica L. , Edwards Suzanne , Issa Eyad , Garrod Tamsin J. , Archer Julian , Tivey David R. , Babidge Wendy J. , Dennison Ashley R. , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSuperior patient outcomes rely on surgical training being optimized. Accordingly, we conducted an international, prospective, cross‐sectional study determining relative impacts of COVID‐19, gender, race, specialty and seniority on mental health of surgical trainees.MethodTrainees across Australia, New Zealand and UK enrolled in surgical training accredited by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons or Royal College of Surgeons were included. Outcomes included the short version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short scale, Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 and the effect on individual stress levels of training experiences affected by COVID‐19. Predictors included trainee characteristics and local COVID‐19 prevalence. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to assess association between outcomes and predictors.ResultsTwo hundred and five surgical trainees were included. Increased stress was associated with number of COVID‐19 patients treated (P = 0.0127), female gender (P = 0.0293), minority race (P = 0.0012), less seniority (P = 0.001), and greater COVID‐19 prevalence (P = 0.0122). Lower happiness was associated with training country (P = 0.0026), minority race (P = 0.0258) and more seniority (P < 0.0001). Greater depression was associated with more seniority (P < 0.0001). Greater COVID‐19 prevalence was associated with greater reported loss of training opportunities (P = 0.0038), poor working conditions (P = 0.0079), personal protective equipment availability (P = 0.0008), relocation to areas of little experience (P < 0.0001), difficulties with career progression (P = 0.0172), loss of supervision (P = 0.0211), difficulties with pay (P = 0.0034), and difficulties with leave (P = 0.0002).ConclusionThis is the first study to specifically describe the relative impacts of COVID‐19 community prevalence, gender, race, surgical specialty and level of seniority on stress, happiness and depression of surgical trainees on an international scale.
Preoperative PET/CT score can predict incomplete resection after debulking surgery for advanced serous ovarian cancer better than CT score, MTV, tumor markers and hematological markers
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Li , Pang Hua , Liu Lili , Jing Xingguo , Li Yongmei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionComplete resection after debulking surgery is strongly associated with prolonged survival for advanced serous ovarian cancer (ASOC). Though positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is more advantageous than computed tomorgraphy (CT) for detecting metastases, studies on the PET/CT prediction model for incomplete resection for ovarian cancer are insufficient. We analyzed and compared the predictive value of preoperative PET/CT score, CT score, metabolic parameters, tumor markers and hematological markers for incomplete resection after debulking surgery for ASOC.Material and methodsA total of 62 ASOC patients who underwent preoperative [18F]FDG PET/CT and debulking surgery were retrospectively analyzed. PET/CT and CT scores were based on the Suidan model. The predictive value of PET/CT score, CT score, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for incomplete resection were analyzed and compared.ResultsPreoperative PET/CT score had the highest predictive value for incomplete resection in primary debulking surgery group (sensitivity: 65.0%, specificity: 88.9%, area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.847, p < 0.001), however, in secondary debulking surgery group, preoperative PET/CT score and CT score had the same and highest predictive value for incomplete resection (sensitivity: 80.0%, specificity: 94.7%, AUC: 0.853, p = 0.017), compared with preoperative metabolic parameters SUVmax and MTV, tumor markers HE4 and CA125, and hematological markers LMR, PLR and NLR. Preoperative PET/CT score ≥ 3 (Suidan model) and preoperative PET/CT score ≥ 2 predicted a high risk of incomplete resection after primary and secondary debulking surgeries, respectively. There was no statistical difference between primary and secondary debulking surgery groups in predictive value of PET/CT score for incomplete resection (p = 0.971). There were significant differences between PET/CT scores and CT scores in primary debulking surgery group and no significant differences in secondary debulking surgery group.ConclusionsA high PET/CT score predicted a high risk of incomplete resection. The preoperative PET/CT score had an identical predictive value in primary and secondary debulking surgery groups. PET/CT score was more accurate in the detection of metastases than CT score was.
Model‐based analysis for the population pharmacokinetics of iberdomide and its major active metabolite in healthy subjects and patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Cheng Yiming , Xue Yongjun , Chen Lu , Masin Mark , Maciag Paulo , Peluso Teresa , Zhou Simon , Li Yan 
Published: August 2022

AimsA parent‐metabolite population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model of iberdomide and its pharmacologically active metabolite (M12) was developed and the influence of demographic and disease‐related covariates on popPK parameters was assessed based on data from 3 clinical studies of iberdomide (dose range, 0.1–6 mg) in healthy subjects (n = 81) and patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (n 245).MethodsNonlinear mixed effects modelling was used to develop the popPK model based on data from 326 subjects across 3 clinical studies.ResultsThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of iberdomide were adequately described with a 2‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination. A first‐order conversion rate was used to link the 1‐compartment linear elimination metabolite model with the parent model. Subject type (multiple myeloma patients vs. healthy subject) was a statistically significant covariate on apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment, suggesting different PK between patients with multiple myeloma and healthy subjects. Aspartate aminotransferase and sex were statistically but not clinically relevant covariates on apparent clearance. Metabolite (M12) PK tracked the PK of iberdomide. The metabolite to parent ratio was consistent across doses and combinations.ConclusionThe parent‐metabolite population PK model adequately described the time course PK data of iberdomide and M12. Iberdomide and M12 PK exposure were not complicated by demographic factors (age [19–82 y], body weight [41–172 kg], body surface area [1.4–2.7 m2], body mass index [16.4–59.3 kg/m2]), combination (in combination with dexamethasone and daratumumab), mild hepatic, or mild and moderate renal impairments. The model can be used to guide the dosing strategy for special patient population and inform future iberdomide study design.
Risk factors of hand eczema: A population‐based study among 900 subjects
Authors: Koskelo Marjut , Sinikumpu Suvi‐Päivikki , Jokelainen Jari , Huilaja Laura 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany risk factors such as atopic dermatitis (AD) have shown to associate with hand eczema (HE). However, studies concerning other atopic diseases, parental or longitudinal risk factors of HE are scarce.ObjectivesTo examine the association between HE and atopic diseases, parental factors, environmental factors (keeping animals, exposure to moulds) and lifestyle factors (obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity) at population level.MethodsSubjects belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study (NFBC1966) (n = 6830) answered a comprehensive health questionnaire. The data was completed with parental information.ResultsHE was reported in 900 (13.3%) individuals. All atopic diseases, parental allergy, female gender and obesity increased the risk of HE whereas physical activity decreased the risk of HE. A statistically significant association was not found between HE and tobacco smoking or alcohol consumption.ConclusionsAll atopic diseases, not only AD, seem to have influence on the presence of HE. In addition, parental and environmental factors associated with HE.
Effect of congenital or acquired renal mass reduction on arterial stiffness
Authors: Yazıcı Raziye , Altıntepe Lutfullah , Guney İbrahim , Yazıcı Mehmet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe changes in kidney functions, adversely affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether arterial stiffness (AS), an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis, was affected in patients with congenital or acquired reduced renal mass.MethodsIn this prospective study, a total 135 patients (mean age 43.4 ± 8.5 years and 71.9% female) with congenital unilateral small/nonfunctioning kidney or unilateral agenesis or with unilateral nephrectomy were included. As control group, 44 healthy individuals with similar age and gender (mean age, 42.5 ± 7.1 year and 61.4% female) were included. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Official blood pressures (BP) and 24‐h ambulatory noninvasive BP of both groups were measured. AS was assessed with pulse wave velocity (PWV) by using Mobile‐O‐Graph new genaration arteriograph device using oscillometrical method.ResultsThere was no difference in terms of BP parameters and body mass index between groups. eGFR values of control group and study group were 93 ± 19 ml/min/1.73 m² and 89 ± 28 ml/min/1.73 m², respectively (p = 0.379). Compared with control group, the study group had higher PWV values (6.72 ± 1.11 m/s vs. 6.29± 0.75 m/s, p = 0.018). In linear regression analysis, PWV was found to be correlated with age (β = 0.752, p < 0.001), and daytime ambulatory systolic BP (β = 0.345, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study showed that AS was increased in patients with reduced renal mass and this increase in AS was related to age and systolic BP. No relation was determined between AS and eGFR.
Measuring habitat complexity and spatial heterogeneity in ecology
Authors: Loke Lynette H. L. , Chisholm Ryan A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHabitat complexity has been considered a key driver of biodiversity and other ecological phenomena for nearly a century. However, there is still no consensus over the definition of complexity or how to measure it. Up‐to‐date and clear guidance on measuring complexity is urgently needed, particularly given the rise of remote sensing and advent of technologies that allow environments to be scanned at unprecedented spatial extents and resolutions. Here we review how complexity is measured in ecology. We provide a framework for metrics of habitat complexity, and for the related concept of spatial heterogeneity. We focus on the two most commonly used complexity metrics in ecology: fractal dimension and rugosity. We discuss the pros and cons of these metrics using practical examples from our own empirical data and from simulations. Fractal dimension is particularly widely used, and we provide a critical examination of it drawing on research from other scientific fields. We also discuss informational metrics of complexity and their potential benefits. We chart a path forward for research on measuring habitat complexity by presenting, as a guide, sets of essential and desirable criteria that a metric of complexity should possess. Lastly, we discuss the applied significance of our review.
The association of food insecurity with tooth decay and periodontitis among middle‐aged and older adults in the United States and Korea
Authors: Lee Jane J. , Kim Yujin , Scott JoAnna M. , Hill Courtney M. , Chi Donald L. 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionFood insecurity is an important social determinant of health, but there is limited understanding of its relationship with adult oral health. This study examined the associations between food insecurity and dental diseases (caries and periodontitis) among middle‐aged and older adults in the United States and South Korea.MethodsThis study focused on middle‐aged (40–59 years) and older adults (>59 years) who participated in the 2011–2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) or the 2013–2015 South Korean NHANES. The exposure was food insecurity severity (food secure/early‐stage food insecurity/middle‐stage or severe food insecurity) assessed using the 18‐item US Household Food Security Survey Module. The two outcomes were any untreated tooth decay and periodontitis measured using the Modified Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Covariate‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated using multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsMiddle or severe food insecurity was associated with significantly higher odds of having untreated tooth decay than no food insecurity, but only among middle‐aged adults in the United States (OR: 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.9; P = .037) and Korea (OR = 1.8; 95% CI:1.0, 3.2; P = .036) and older adults in the United States (OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.7, 4.0; P < .001). The associations between food insecurity and periodontitis were inconsistent across age group and country.ConclusionDiffering cultural norms and access to dental services in the United States and South Korea may influence the relationship between food insecurity and oral health. Future research should explore how addressing food insecurity could help to promote the oral health of middle‐aged and older adults in diverse sociocultural contexts.
The chemical framework: Exploring Europeanisation in French, Austrian, and Irish eHealth policy processes
Authors: Bérut Chloé 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to present a new “chemical” framework, through which heterogeneous observations on public policy‐making can be systematically interpreted. This chemical framework is based on a combination of policy stages and John W. Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework. This framework has three points of potential analytical leverage, which are identified in this article: the conceptualisation of temporal triggers that go beyond agenda‐setting, the opportunity to conduct holistic analyses of the policy processes, and a focus on the connections between policy stages and the way these connections affect the three streams. These three dimensions are explored by analysing the process of soft Europeanisation occurring in French, Austrian, and Irish digital health (eHealth) policies. The empirical sections therefore detail how EU‐induced changes may be conceptualised using the chemical framework, highlighting avenues for future research in Europeanisation and policy studies.
Efficacy and safety of switching to bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed Asian adults living with HIV: A pooled analysis from three international phase III randomized trials
Authors: Avihingsanon Anchalee , Chetchotisakd Ploenchan , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Ratanasuwan Winai , Siripassorn Krittaecho , Supparatpinyo Khuanchai , Martin Hal , Wang Hui , Wong TinHung , Wang Hsiu Yin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesData on switching to bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in virologically suppressed Asian people living with HIV are limited. We performed a pooled analysis of virologically suppressed Asian participants from three international phase III trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching to B/F/TAF.MethodsVirologically suppressed people living with HIV were randomized to switch to B/F/TAF or to stay on baseline regimens. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with plasma HIV‐1 RNA ≥50 copies/ml at week 48. We analysed the incidence of adverse events (AEs), laboratory abnormalities, and changes in relevant tolerability parameters through 48 weeks.ResultsOverall, 136 Asian participants were included. The proportions of participants with plasma HIV‐1 RNA ≥50 copies/ml at week 48 were low in both arms (0% for B/F/TAF vs 1.4% for those who stayed on baseline regimens). Those who switched to B/F/TAF had virological suppression rates similar to those who stayed on baseline regimens (100% vs 95.9%, p = 0.2485), with no treatment‐emergent resistance. Drug‐related AEs occurred in three participants in each arm; none were serious. No participants discontinued the study drug because of AEs, and no deaths were observed. No significant differences were observed between the arms in the median changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate, body weight, and most lipid parameters. Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate‐containing regimens to B/F/TAF resulted in a significant decrease in tubular proteinuria compared with those who stayed on baseline regimens (p < 0.01).ConclusionsVirologically suppressed Asian people living with HIV who switched to B/F/TAF maintained 100% virological suppression at week 48, with no treatment‐emergent drug resistance and safety profiles comparable to those seen in people who stayed on baseline regimens.Clinical Trial NumberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02603120, NCT02652624, and NCT02603107).
Translation and validation of the Persian version of diabetic foot ulcer scaleshort form (DFS‐SF)
Authors: Tavassolmand Sedigheh Sadat , Montazeri Ali , Madadizadeh Farzan , Dehghan Hamid Reza , Ranjbar Mohammad , Ameri Hosein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFoot ulcer in diabetic patients could often result in significantly impaired quality of life. This study aimed to translate and validate the DFS‐SF in Iran. The DFS‐SF was translated into Persian, and then its validity and reliability were tested in 262 patients with DFUs. Content validity was evaluated using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), and criterion validity was assessed through Spearman's correlation between dimensions of the DFS‐SF and the EQ‐5D‐5L. Construct validity was measured using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and convergent‐discriminant validity was examined by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to evaluate the reliability of the measure. CVR ≥0.66 and CVI = 0.81 were calculated. Spearman's correlation ranged from 0.23 to 0.78 across all dimensions. The results of EFA showed that all six dimensions of the DFS‐SF had an eigenvalue more than 1; accounting for 68.88% of the total variance. CFA confirmed the DFS‐SF as a six‐dimension structure with good fit indices of χ2/df = 2.15 < 5, RMSEA = 0.06 < 0.08, CFI = 0.91 ≥ 0.90, TLI = 0.90 ≥ 0.90, and RMR = 0.04, as well as with adequate fit indices of GFI = 0.84 ≤ 0.90, NFI = 0.86 ≤ 0.90. Estimates of ≥0.50 for AVE were not observed in two of the six dimensions and CR ≥0.70 was obtained for all dimensions. The reliability was calculated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and ICC >0.69 for all dimensions. Our findings confirmed the validity and reliability of the Persian DFS‐SF; therefore, it can be used to assess QoL in patients with DFSs in clinical and research settings in Iran.
Comparative analysis of galactomannan lateral flow assay, galactomannan enzyme immunoassay and BAL culture for diagnosis of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Ghazanfari Mona , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Davoodi Lotfollah , Arastehfar Amir , Moazeni Maryam , Abastabar Mahdi , Haghani Iman , Mayahi Sabah , Hoenigl Martin , Pan Weihua , Hedayati Mohammad T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGalactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay (GM‐EIA) is proved to be a cornerstone in the diagnosis of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), its use is limited in middle and low‐income countries, where the application of simple and rapid test, including Galactomannan Lateral Flow Assay (GM‐LFA), is highly appreciated. Despite such merits, limited studies directly compared GM‐LFA with GM‐EIA. Herein we compared the diagnostic features of GM‐LFA, GM‐EIA and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture for CAPA diagnosis in Iran, a developing country.Materials/MethodsDiagnostic performances of GM‐LFA and GM‐EIA in BAL (GM indexes ≥1) and serum (GM indexes >0.5), i.e. sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and areas under the curve (AUC), were evaluated using BAL (n = 105) and serum (n = 101) samples from mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients in intensive care units. Patients were classified based on the presence of host factors, radiological findings and mycological evidences according to 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for CAPA diagnosis.ResultsThe Aspergillus GM‐LFA for serum and BAL samples showed a sensitivity of 56.3% and 60.6%, specificity of 94.2% and 88.9%, PPV of 81.8% and 71.4%, NPV of 82.3% and 83.1%, when compared with BAL culture, respectively. GM‐EIA showed sensitivities of 46.9% and 54.5%, specificities of 100% and 91.7%, PPVs of 100% and 75%, NPVs of 80.2% and 81.5% for serum and BAL samples, respectively.ConclusionOur study found GM‐LFA as a reliable simple and rapid diagnostic tool, which could circumvent the shortcomings of culture and GM‐EIA and be pivotal in timely initiation of antifungal treatment.
Integrated parent–child music classes for preschoolers with and without autism: Parent expectations and experiences
Authors: Lense Miriam , Liu Talia , Booke Lauren , Crawley Zoe , Beck Sara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntegrated recreational programs designed to support neurodiverse children and their families are important vehicles for community participation. In this mixed‐methods study, we investigated the mechanisms by which parent–child music classes for autistic and neurotypical children can support community participation. Parents of autistic (n = 33) and typically developing (TD; n = 28) preschoolers were interviewed about their expectations for and experiences of participating in a 12‐week psychoeducational parent–child music program. Parents completed ratings of momentary affect and social connection, and researchers coded children's behavioral engagement during classes at multiple time points throughout the program. Primary motivations for enrolling in an integrated music class included children's interest in music and opportunities for child socialization. Parent‐focused reasons were less frequently endorsed as primary motivations for participation. Yet, momentary ratings indicated that music classes supported parents’ affect regulation and social connection with other parents at the level of individual classes and across the program. These in‐class experiences were echoed by interviews following program completion, which additionally highlighted the use of new parenting strategies through the musical activities. Since parental emotional experiences of activities, supportive community relationships, and parenting confidence are all linked with increased community participation, integrated music classes may support participation and satisfaction with community experiences.