bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial tachyarrhythmias after lung transplantation in children: A common occurrence
Authors: Wattenbarger Laura E. , Kim Jeffrey J. , Melicoff Ernestina , Miyake Christina Y. , Valdes Santiago O. , Pham Tam Dan N. , Adachi Iki , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Howard Taylor S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial arrhythmia's (AA) following lung transplant in adults are a well‐described clinical finding. In pediatrics, however, there are limited data with some reports suggesting that arrhythmias are rare.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective review of lung transplant recipients from January 2013 to June 2020. A detailed evaluation of clinical characteristics, presence of arrhythmias, and outcomes was completed. Arrhythmias were documented based on inpatient telemetry or remote Holter monitoring. Analyses assessing risk factors for arrhythmias and associations with clinical outcomes were performed.ResultsNinety‐one lung transplants were performed in 90 patients. Post‐operative AA occurred following 19% transplants. Ectopic atrial tachycardia was seen in 14%, atrial flutter in 2%, and a combination in 2%. The majority of these arrhythmias occurred within the first 45 days post‐operatively. Antiarrhythmic treatment was required in 59%, but none required ablation or electrical cardioversion. In patients followed for a year or more, 88% had resolution of their arrhythmia. Arrhythmias were not associated with mortality. In further analysis, however, the presence of arrhythmia was associated with an increased length of ICU stay (median of 12 days (IQR 6, 23) versus 5 days (IQR 4, 9); p = .019) and overall length of hospital stay (median of 26 days (IQR 19, 36) versus 17 days (IQR 19, 36); p = .043).ConclusionsAtrial tachyarrhythmias after lung transplantation are common in the pediatric population and usually occur early. Although they frequently require medical therapy and are associated with longer stays, there is no associated increased mortality. In addition, the arrhythmias typically self‐resolve.
Peter Hacker on forms of representation: A critical evaluation
Authors: Yan Hektor K. T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractP. M. S. Hacker's tetralogy on human nature (2007–2021) is a recent contribution to philosophical anthropology. In this work, the expression ‘form of representation’ appears at crucial points of discussion. This paper begins with an exposition and analysis of this notion, followed by a look at how it is utilised in the discussion of knowledge, the mind, and other emotive and moral concepts. It then turns to a comparison of ‘forms of representation’ with two important concepts, namely, analogy and metaphor. To offer an evaluation of ‘forms of representation’ as a critical tool, this paper examines the increasingly common tendency for humans to identify with their brains.
Anatomical inferences on aerial bud protection of three Eugenia shrub species from the Cerrado
Authors: da Silva G. S. , Firmino G. V. , Ferraro A. , Appezzato‐da‐Glória B. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Location and degree of protection of aerial buds are important functional traits in disturbance‐ or stress‐prone environments since aerial buds ensure the development of new organs under favourable growing conditions. This study was carried out in a Brazilian Cerrado area under regeneration after long‐term Pinus cultivation, where the trees were clear‐cut in 2012 and the remaining material was burned in 2014.

After the fire treatment, several species resprouted from belowground organs and their aboveground organs were directly exposed to full sunlight. We collected 15 terminal branches with fully expanded leaves from three individuals of each of three Eugenia species to investigate if those with well‐developed belowground organs invest in bark for aboveground bud protection. The samples were analysed using light and electron microscopy.

In addition to terminal and axillary buds, all species presented accessory buds, and the number varied according to the node analysed. None of the aerial buds were protected by bark, but all were well protected by cataphylls and densely pubescent leaf primordia. There were also inter‐ and intra‐petiolar colleters that released a mucilaginous protein exudate. The distance between the shoot apical meristem and the outer surface was longer in the terminal bud than in axillary buds. The bud leaf primordia covering the shoot apical meristem had a thick cuticle, unicellular non‐glandular trichomes that accumulate phenolic and lipophilic compounds, and secretory cavities.

Our study shows that all three Eugenia species studied here had highly protected aerial buds allocated from belowground organs. These morphological traits may improve the chances of the species' persistence in areas subjected to frost events, low relative humidity, high irradiance and harmful UV levels.
Pathogenicity and diversity of large‐spored Alternaria associated with three solanaceous vegetables (Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum and S. melongena) in China
Authors: Zhao Lin , Cheng Hong , Liu Hai‐Feng , Gao Guo‐Yang , Zhang Yu , Li Zheng‐Nan , Deng Jian‐Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlternaria foliar diseases are important factors that pose a significant threat to yield in solanaceous crops. To clarify the diversity of large‐spored Alternaria species in China, diseased leaves of three solanaceous vegetables (potato, tomato and eggplant) were collected and used for fungal isolation. In total, 67 strains representing six species in section Porri of Alternaria were isolated, based on morphological characterizations and multilocus phylogenetic analyses. There were three known species (A. blumeae, A. linariae and A. solani), one new record of A. argyroxiphii and two new species, A. melongenicola sp. nov. and A. yichangensis sp. nov. The sequence analyses encompassed the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Alternaria major allergen (Alt a 1), translation elongation factor 1‐α (TEF1) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2). To confirm pathogenicity, 15 representative strains were evaluated for their virulence under greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that they were able to induce leaf spot symptoms on potato, tomato and eggplant plants with a range of aggressive abilities. The present study provides a basis for the recognition and management of Alternaria foliar diseases.
US state government privatization: Implications for social equity and inequality?
Authors: Smith Sarah Ausmus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrivatization of state government services is commonplace, but our understanding of its effects is limited by data availability. We study the relationship between American state government contracting and public sector wages. Governments have used public sector employment to support a variety of goals, including social equity and economic development, but privatization, as a new public management (NPM) reform, may shift the focus. Our empirical analysis shows that state privatization of service delivery is associated with decreases in the public sector wage premium, but that these effects are not driven by gender, race, or low‐levels of educational attainment. The fidelity of the implementation to NPM values conditions these effects. We also find that contracting service delivery is associated with a lower public sector wage premium for middle‐class workers.
Conditional cash transfers tools to combat child labor: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Costa Rica
Authors: Meza‐Cordero Jaime A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Government of Costa Rica collaborated with a research team to conduct a randomized controlled trial of their Working Children and Adolescents program. The program provided working youth with a monthly cash transfer with the conditions that they attend school regularly and complete their grade. This study examines the effect of the cash transfer on (1) child labor and hazardous child labor participation as well as hours worked; (2) school enrollment, attendance, and completion; and (3) self‐reported health. The main findings provide evidence of a statistically significant reduction of more than 4 hours worked per week by children. The findings also suggest null effects on labor participation and school outcomes. Cost‐effectiveness analysis shows that the program demonstrates a transfer effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness comparable to similar interventions in Latin American countries. The subsidy alone does not seem enough to improve schooling outcomes, justifying the necessity of additional education policies to complement the cash transfer program.
Relationship between pistol players' psychophysiological state and shot performance: Activation effect of EEG and HRV
Authors: Wang Kun , Li Yan , Liu Hengxu , Zhang Tingran , Luo Jiong 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the mechanism of dual activation of the brain and heart in pistol athletes during shooting performances, through synchronized monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG).MethodsEighteen adolescents air pistol athletes were placed in a simulated competition environment and performed 40 self‐paced shooting tasks, and simultaneously monitored the athletes' EEG, ECG, and shooting performance during the preparation period.Results(1) In the successful performance, the power values of the alpha wave of the athlete's T7 area showed a significant upward trend 6 s before the shot, but there was no significant change in the alpha wave in the T8 area. In the failure performance, the alpha wave in the T7 and T8 areas did not change significantly 6 s before the shot. (2) The Fz theta wave power value of athletes in successful performance showed a significant upward trend in the 6 s before firing, and in the failure performance, it showed an “inverted U‐shaped” characteristic of rising first and then decreasing. (3) Regardless of whether it was a success or a failure, the SMR wave power value of the athlete's central area has no significant change before the shot. (4) At 6 s before the shot, the athlete's heart rate and R‐R interval (RRI) in the successful performance showed a significant decline and rise, respectively, but there was no significant change in the failure performance. (5) Approaching the firing time, the athletes' EEG and ECG have a more significant correlation in successful performance and a more synchronized trend, while the correlation was lower in failure performance.ConclusionsThe psychophysiological state of young air pistol athletes was closely related to shooting performance. If the brain–cardiac system maintains a benign dual activation level during the aiming and firing period, it will be beneficial to the improvement of shooting performance, otherwise, it was easy to reduce shooting performance.
Efficacy of microneedle radiofrequency therapy in the treatment of senile purpura: A prospective study
Authors: Baek Gayun , Kim Moon Hwan , Jue Mihn‐Sook 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency (RF) devices have been used for skin rejuvenation and treating skin laxity. It may also be effective for senile purpura (SP) based on its action of promoting neocollagenesis with minimal epidermal damage. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of microneedle RF for treating SP of the forearms in elderly.Material and methodsIn this prospective study, 23 patients who underwent a single session of microneedle RF device (GENIUS, Lutronic Co., Korea) therapy for SP were enrolled. Histopathological features were assessed 1 week before and 8 weeks after therapy. The total amount of collagen and elastic fibers were measured using the computer vision method, and epidermal thickness and the number of blood vessels were analyzed using ImageJ. The clinical improvements were evaluated by blinded evaluators and the patients using investigator global assessment (IGA) and patient global assessment (PGA), respectively. Data regarding the number of purpuric lesions and the size of the largest lesion were collected via a telephone survey.ResultsThe total amount of collagen and elastic fibers, and mean epidermal thickness tended to improve after RF treatments, although they did not reach statistical significance. The locally estimated scatterplot smoothing curve showed decreasing tendency in both size and number of purpuras as weeks progressed. PGA showed very satisfied in 65% of patients and IGA showed 39% near‐total improvement and 43% marked improvement. There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionsMicroneedle RF therapy induces remodeling of dermal circumstances with minimal epidermal impairment. It may be a promising therapeutic option for SP.
Fat infiltration into dermal layer induces aged facial appearance by decreasing dermal elasticity
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu , Amano Satoshi , Matsuzaki Kyoichi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFacial morphology changes with aging, producing an aged appearance, but the mechanisms involved are not fully established. We recently showed that subcutaneous fat infiltrates into the dermal layer with aging, but it is not yet clear whether and how this drastic change of the dermal layer influences facial appearance.PurposeWe aimed to establish the role of fat infiltration in producing an aged facial appearance and to clarify the mechanism involved.MethodsWe analyzed the severity of fat infiltration in cheek skin of 30 middle‐aged female volunteers by means of ultrasonography. Severity of the nasolabial fold, an established age‐related morphology, was evaluated based on our photographic grading criteria as a measure of aged appearance. Skin elasticity was measured with a Cutometer.ResultsFat infiltration to the dermal layer was detected at the cheek skin noninvasively by means of ultrasonography. Fat infiltration severity, measured as the minimum depth of the fat inside the dermal layer from the skin surface, was positively correlated with the magnitude of the nasolabial fold. Further, fat infiltration severity was significantly negatively correlated with dermal elasticity.ConclusionsOur results suggest that fat infiltration into the dermal layer is a critical factor inducing aged appearance of the face. The infiltrated fat decreases the dermal elasticity, which exacerbates nasolabial folds, namely producing an aged facial appearance.
Recent Research Trends in Arabic-Oriented Radio and TV Channels: An Analytical Review
Authors: Attia Bassant M. 
Published: October 2022

The current study investigated the most significant scientific research conducted in this field in both Arabic and English to provide an integrated view of contemporary research trends in Arabic radio/channels and to identify the findings of prior studies. In Arabic, between 2013 to 2021, the researcher conducted a second-level qualitative analysis process on several research papers and studies, totaling 88 research papers.Compared to oriented channels, the analysis of radio-targeted discourse has been the subject of a relatively small number of studies, and even in the most recent studies, the radio-targeted discourse has been regarded as a historical narrative. Youth represented the most significant percentage of the target audience for research-oriented radios and channels, followed by adolescents. Despite an increase in the Arab school's contributions to the research of oriented radios and channels and its desire to identify the image of Arab countries' issues and crises in Western media, no studies were conducted. Future studies should focus on examining how to present a correct media image or correct the false image that has been presented.
Electrical Stimulation of Distal Tibial Nerve During Stance Phase of Walking May Reverse Effects of Unilateral Paw Pad Anesthesia in the Cat
Authors: Park Hangue , Klishko Alexander N. , Oh Kyunggeune , Zhang Celina , Grenga Gina , Herrin Kinsey R. , Dalton John F. , Kistenberg Robert S. , Lemay Michel A. , Pitkin Mark , DeWeerth Stephen P. , Prilutsky Boris I. 
Published: October 2022

Cutaneous feedback from feet is involved in regulation of muscle activity during locomotion, and the lack of this feedback results in motor deficits. We tested the hypothesis that locomotor changes caused by local unilateral anesthesia of paw pads in the cat could be reduced/reversed by electrical stimulation of cutaneous and proprioceptive afferents in the distal tibial nerve during stance. Several split-belt conditions were investigated in four adult female cats. In addition, we investigated the effects of similar distal tibial nerve stimulation on overground walking of one male cat that had a transtibial, bone-anchored prosthesis for 29 months and, thus, had no cutaneous/proprioceptive feedback from the foot. In all treadmill conditions, cats walked with intact cutaneous feedback (control), with right fore- and hindpaw pads anesthetized by lidocaine injections, and with a combination of anesthesia and electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral distal tibial nerve during the stance phase at 1.2× threshold of afferent activation. Electrical stimulation of the distal tibial nerve during the stance phase of walking with anesthetized ipsilateral paw pads reversed or significantly reduced the effects of paw pad anesthesia on several kinematic variables, including lateral center of mass shift, cycle and swing durations, and duty factor. We also found that stimulation of the residual distal tibial nerve in the prosthetic hindlimb often had different effects on kinematics compared with stimulation of the intact hindlimb with paw anesthetized. We suggest that stimulation of cutaneous and proprioceptive afferents in the distal tibial nerve provides functionally meaningful motion-dependent sensory feedback, and stimulation responses depend on limb conditions.
Modelling ready-made spectacle coverage for children and adults using a large global database
Authors: Chan Ving Fai , Wright David M , Mavi Sonia , Dabideen Reshma , Smith Mike , Sherif Alan , Congdon Nathan 
Published: October 2022

Background/aims
To model the suitability of conventional ready-made spectacles (RMS) and interchangeable-lens ready-made spectacles (IRMS) with reference to prescribing guidelines among children and adults using a large, global database and to introduce a web-based application for exploring the database with user-defined eligibility criteria.

Methods
Using refractive power and interpupillary distance data for near and distance spectacles prescribed to children and adults during OneSight clinics in 27 countries, from 2 January 2016 to 19 November 2019, we modelled the expected suitability of RMS and IRMS spectacle designs, compared with custom-made spectacles, according to published prescribing guidelines.

Results
Records of 18 782 presbyopic adult prescriptions, 70 619 distance adult prescriptions and 40 862 paediatric prescriptions were included. Globally, 58.7%–63.9% of adults could be corrected at distance with RMS, depending on the prescribing cut-off. For presbyopic adult prescriptions, coverage was 44.1%–60.9%. Among children, 51.8% were eligible for conventional RMS. Coverage for all groups was similar to the above for IRMS. The most common reason for ineligibility for RMS in all service groups was astigmatism, responsible for 27.2% of all ineligible adult distance prescriptions using the strictest cut-off, 31.4% of children’s prescriptions and 28.0% of all adults near prescriptions globally.

Conclusion
Despite their advantages in cost and convenience, coverage delivered by RMS is limited under current prescribing guidelines, particularly for children and presbyopic adults. Interchangeable designs do little to remediate this, despite extending coverage for anisometropia. Our free application allows users to estimate RMS coverage in specific target populations.
Fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and virome of the lacrimal sac in patients with PANDO: the lacriome paper 5
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo study the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and the virome of the lacrimal sacs in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).MethodsA prospective study was performed on 10 consecutive samples of the lacrimal sac contents obtained from patients with PANDO. The samples were obtained from the lacrimal sacs under endoscopy guidance and immediately transported on ice to the laboratory. Following DNA extraction and library preparation, a whole shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform (NOVASEQ 6000). The fungal internal transcript spacer analysis was performed using the PIPITS v2.7 . The viral taxonomy profiling was performed using Kraken2 against the virus database.ResultsThe taxonomic hit distribution across the lacrimal sac samples showed rich fungal diversity (4 phyla, 12 classed, 21 families and 26 genera). The major phyla wereAscomycotaandBasidiomycota,and the key genera identified wereAlternaria, Hyphopichia, Malassezia, AspergillusandEpicoccum. The virome analysis identified 13 phyla, 15 classes and 27 families. The viruses were commonly from the familiesPoxviridae, Retroviridae, SiphoviridaeandMyoviridae,Poxviridaebeing the most prevalent family. The BeAn 58058 virus, a member of thePoxviridaefamily, was the most abundant in all the samples.ConclusionThe present study is the first whole metagenome sequencing exclusively of the fungal microbiome and virome from the lacrimal sacs of patients with PANDO. The lacrimal sacs harbour diverse fungal and viral communities with distinct ecosystem dynamics. Further studies of their functions and interactions with the hosts would provide valuable insights.
ExtendedKnee Controlprogramme lowers weekly hamstring, knee and ankle injury prevalence compared with an adductor strength programme or self-selected injury prevention exercises in adolescent and adult amateur football players: a two-armed cluster-randomised trial with an additional comparison arm
Authors: Lindblom Hanna , Sonesson Sofi , Torvaldsson Kalle , Waldén Markus , Hägglund Martin 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the preventive efficacy of an extended version of theKnee Controlinjury prevention exercise programme (IPEP) compared with an adductor strength programme and to a comparison group using a self-selected IPEP in amateur adolescent and adult male and female football players.MethodsTwo-armed cluster-randomised trial with an additional non-randomised arm. All 251 amateur teams (players 14–46 years) in one regional football district were approached. Teams meeting inclusion criteria were randomised to (1) extendedKnee Controlor (2) an adductor strength programme. Teams already using an IPEP were allocated to a comparison group and received no new intervention. Players responded to weekly questionnaires about football exposures and injuries during a 7-month season.ResultsSeventeen teams in the extendedKnee Control, 12 in the adductor and 17 in the comparison group participated, with 502 players. For the primary outcomes, no difference in injury incidence in three lower-limb injury locations combined (hamstring, knee and ankle) was seen between extendedKnee Controland the adductor group, whereas extendedKnee Controlhad 29% lower incidence than the comparison group (incidence rate ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.98). No between-group differences in groin injury incidence were seen. The weekly injury prevalence rates in the three lower limb locations combined (hamstring, knee and ankle) were 17% lower (prevalence rate ratio (PRR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00) and 26% lower (PRR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.87) in extendedKnee Controlcompared with the adductor and comparison groups, respectively.ConclusionNo difference in injury incidence was seen between the extendedKnee Controland the adductor programme whereas extendedKnee Controlreduced injury incidence by nearly one-third compared with a self-selected IPEP. Players in extendedKnee Controlhad lower injury prevalence compared with an adductor or self-selected IPEP.Trial registration numberNCT04272047; Clinical trials.