bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo as Second-Line Therapy in Patients From Asia With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial
Authors: Qin Shukui , Chen Zhendong , Fang Weijia , Ren Zhenggang , Xu Ruocai , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Meng Zhiqiang , Bai Yuxian , Chen Xiaoming , Liu Xiufeng , Xiao Juxiang , Ho Gwo Fuang , Mao Yimin , Wang Xin , Ying Jieer , Li Jianfeng , Zhong Wenyan , Zhou Yu , Siegel Abby B. , Hao Chunyi 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients from Asia with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS In a double-blind, phase III trial, 453 patients with advanced HCC and progression during or after treatment with or intolerance to sorafenib or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive pembrolizumab (200 mg) or placebo once every 3 weeks for ≤ 35 cycles plus best supportive care. The primary end point was overall survival (one-sided significance threshold, P = .0193 [final analysis]). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR; one-sided significance threshold, P = .0134 and .0091, respectively [second interim analysis]; RECIST version 1.1, by blinded independent central review). RESULTS Median overall survival was longer in the pembrolizumab group than in the placebo group (14.6 v 13.0 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.99; P = .0180). Median PFS was also longer in the pembrolizumab group than in the placebo group (2.6 v 2.3 months; hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92; P = .0032). ORR was greater in the pembrolizumab group (12.7% [95% CI, 9.1 to 17.0]) than in the placebo group (1.3% [95% CI, 0.2 to 4.6]; P < .0001). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 66.9% of patients (grade 3, 12.0%; grade 4, 1.3%; grade 5, 1.0%) in the pembrolizumab group and 49.7% of patients (grade 3, 5.9%; grade 4, 0%; grade 5, 0%) in the placebo group. CONCLUSION In patients from Asia with previously treated advanced HCC, pembrolizumab significantly prolonged overall survival and PFS, and ORR was greater versus placebo.
A Retrospective Analysis of Pedicle Screw Placement Accuracy Using the ExcelsiusGPS Robotic Guidance System: Case Series
Authors: Kanaly Charles W. , Backes Danielle M. , Toossi Nader , Bucklen Brandon 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
Robotic guidance has become widespread in spine surgery. Although the intent is improved screw placement, further system-specific data are required to substantiate this intention for pedicle screws in spinal stabilization constructs.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the accuracy of pedicle screws placed with the aid of a robot in a cohort of patients immediately after the adoption of the robot-assisted surgery technique.

METHODS:
A retrospective, Institutional Review Board–approved study was performed on the first 100 patients at a single facility, who had undergone spinal surgeries with the use of robotic techniques. Pedicle screw accuracy was graded using the Gertzbein–Robbins Scale based on pedicle wall breach, with grade A representing 0 mm breach and successive grades increasing breach thresholds by 2 mm increments. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans were also used to assess offsets between the objective plan and true screw placements.

RESULTS:
A total of 326 screws were analyzed among 72 patients with sufficient imaging data. Ages ranged from 21 to 84 years. The total accuracy rate based on the Gertzbein–Robbins Scale was 97.5%, and the rate for each grade is as follows: A, 82%; B, 15.5%; C, 1.5%; D, 1%; and E, 0. The average tip offset was 1.9 mm, the average tail offset was 2.0 mm, and the average angular offset was 2.6°.

CONCLUSION:
Robotic-assisted surgery allowed for accurate implantation of pedicle screws on immediate adoption of this technique. There were no complications attributable to the robotic technique, and no hardware revisions were required.
A WDR47 homolog facilitates ciliogenesis by modulating intraflagellar transport
Authors: Song Chun-Xue , Zeng Xian-Ting , Zeng Wan-Xin , Liu Rong , Tong Xia-Jing , Li Qian 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Cilia are conserved organelles found in many cell types in eukaryotes, and their dysfunction causes defects in environmental sensing and signaling transduction; such defects are termed ciliopathies. Distinct cilia have cell-specific morphologies and exert distinct functions. However, the underlying mechanisms of cell-specific ciliogenesis and regulation are unclear. Here, we identified a WD40-repeat (WDR) protein, NMTN-1 (the homolog of mammalian WDR47), and show that it is specifically required for ciliogenesis of AWB chemosensory neurons in C. elegans. NMTN-1 is expressed in the AWB chemosensory neuron pair, and is enriched at the basal body (BB) of the AWB cilia. Knockout of nmtn-1 causes abnormal AWB neuron cilia morphology, structural integrity, and induces aberrant AWB-mediated aversive behaviors. We further demonstrate that nmtn-1 deletion affects movement of intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles and their cargo delivery in AWB neurons. Our results indicate that NMTN-1 is essential for AWB neuron ciliary morphology and function, which reveal a novel mechanism for cell-specific ciliogenesis. Given that WDR47/NMTN-1 is conserved in mammals, our findings may help understanding of the process of cell-specific ciliogenesis and provide insights for treating ciliopathies.
Pattern of Adolescent Suicides in Pakistan: A content analysis of Newspaper reports of two years
Authors: Imran Nazish , Naveed Sadiq , Rafiq Bariah , Tahir Sania Mumtaz , Ayub Maryam , Haider Imran Ijaz 
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective: Suicide is a serious, yet preventable global mental health problem for people of all ages and countries. It is the third leading cause of death in 15-19-year-olds. There is paucity of systematic studies and official statistics on child & adolescent suicides in Pakistan. In the absence of other means, newspaper coverage of adolescent suicides may serve as a useful source to understand the phenomena. Our objective was to report pattern of suicide deaths in children and adolescents across Pakistan and to determine the predominant methods of suicide precipitating events and associated factors
Methods: This study used content analysis to analyze newspaper reports of adolescent suicide in four leading newspapers of Pakistan from January 1st, 2019, through December 31st, 2020. Search yielded 289 child and adolescent (ages<18) suicide reports. Data about various sociodemographic characteristics, methods of suicide, possible motives, and associated features (e.g., any suicide notes) was extracted and analyzed.
Results: Total 289 suicides in children and adolescents in Pakistan were reported in selected newspapers during two years among both genders (51.5 % boys and 48.5% girls) with high incidence in late adolescence (66%). The predominant method of suicide in this group was ingestion of poisonous substances (50%) followed by hanging (35%) and use of firearms (7%). The behavior usually takes place within or near the adolescent’s home environment. The act was often attributed to domestic conflicts including arguments with parents of the deceased and relationship problems.
Conclusion: To develop effective suicide prevention strategies for a population, it must be studied within its own socio-cultural context. Study results emphasize adolescent suicide being a reality in Pakistan. There is urgent need for further culture specific research in this area in the country.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6851
How to cite this: Imran N, Naveed S, Rafiq B, Tahir SM, Ayub M, Haider II. Pattern of Adolescent Suicides in Pakistan: A content analysis of Newspaper reports of two years. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):6-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6851
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Good participatory practice for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research: the case of a COVID-19 prevention study
Authors: Perrone Carlo , Schilling William , Callery James J. , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Chambers Mary , Chase Hannah , Dahal Piyush , Kanthawang Nipaphan , Nedsuwan Supalert , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Intralawan Daranee , Karkey Abhilasha , Mayxay Mayfong , Souvong Vimalay , Tran Minh Hien , Udas Shakya Summita , Sharma Sanjib Kumar , Uranw Surendra , Vannachione Souphaphone , Woodrow Charles , White Nicholas J. , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: December 2022

Background: The COPCOV study (chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine prevention of coronavirus disease), which started recruitment in April 2020, is a multi-country double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial which is being conducted in healthcare facilities involved in COVID-19 case management. Participants are staff employed in facilities managing people with proven or suspected COVID-19. As part of the study, we conducted a series of engagement sessions. The aims were to assess the feasibility of the study, to identify context-specific ethical issues, to understand possible concerns, to fine tune research procedures and to refine the COPCOV information materials. Methods: The COPCOV study was approved by relevant institutional review boards. The sessions described in this paper were part of the study. We conducted a series of engagement sessions, each involving a short presentation of the study, a section where attendees were asked to express their willingness to participate in such a study, which information they would need to change their view and an open Q&A section. Answers were transcribed and coded into themes by two independent investigators. Themes were derived from the data. They complemented other site-specific engagement, communication, and public relation activities such as press releases and websites. Results and conclusions: From 16 th March 2020 to 20 th January 2021, 13 engagement sessions were conducted in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Nepal and the UK involving 222 attendees in total. Issues raised revolved around the social value and study rationale; safety of trial medications and risk-benefit balance; study design and commitments. These sessions helped us identify concerns people had, which helped us refine information materials as well as complement site feasibility assessments. Our experience strongly supports the use of participatory practices prior to conducting clinical trials.
MODELING BEHAVIOR OF CAR BODY STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS UNDER THE IMPACT OF WORKING AND EXTREME LOADS
Authors: Ksenofontova Victoria A. , Kiyashko Larisa A. 
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the study behavior of car structural elements during operation and in extreme conditions that occur during road traffic accidents (RTA).
At present, a promising direction of research in this area is the development methods based on the analysis of structural elements of a damaged car deformed as a result an accident and the restoration of the energy exchange pattern upon impact.
Research carried out both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical studies based on the methods of theoretical and applied mechanics, strength of materials and elasticity theory.
The goal is to improve the methodology for conducting an autotechnical examination of an accident.
Method or methodology of work: solving inverse problems of continuum mechanics.
Results: a technique developed for determining the initial speed of a car before an accident based on the results measuring deformed structural elements. The accuracy determining the initial speed of the car is proportional to the accuracy measuring the deformations damaged car.
Scope results: it is advisable to apply the obtained results when conducting an autotechnical examination of an accident.
Acute Hydrocephalus Associated with Streptococcus anginosus Meningitis
Authors: Sakurai Masako , Watari Takashi , Nakamura Itaru , Azuma  Kazunari , Homma Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Meningitis-related acute hydrocephalus is rare, challenging to diagnose, and has a high mortality rate. Case description: Here we describe the case of a 76-year-old patient diagnosed with bacterial meningitis who developed acute hydrocephalus and subsequently died. Discussion: Although meningitis-related acute hydrocephalus is usually non-occlusive, occlusive hydrocephalus may also occur. Moreover, worsening hydrocephalus despite cerebrospinal fluid drainage should prompt a diagnosis of obstructive hydrocephalus. In such conditions, potential management strategies include ventriculoperitoneal shunt and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Conclusion: In patients with meningitis-related hydrocephalus, worsening despite appropriate antibiotic administration, treatment may be complicated by ventriculitis and obstructive hydrocephalus, which can be fatal. If intracranial pressure is not medically controlled, bilateral decompression craniectomy should be considered as a potential management strategy.
IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL ESSENTIAL OILS OF THE LAMIACEAE FAMILY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ATCC 29213, ESCHERICHIA COLI ATCC 25922 AND CANDIDA ALBICANS ATCC 10231
Authors: Mihaylova Yordanka , Ermenlieva Neli , Stamova Sylvia , Mihaylova Silviya , Georgieva Emilia , Tsvetkova Antoaneta , Georgieva Kalina 
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils: Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare (two for external use and two for internal one). The antimicrobial activity of the tested essential oils was determined by using the serial two-fold dilutions method. The following bacterial and yeast strains were purchased and used in the study: E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Thyme oil (external use) against E. coli, and C. albicans was 2 µg/ml and 4 µg/ml, respectively. The observed minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for Thyme oil (external use) against S. aureus was 8 µg/ml. The Thyme oil for internal use demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity than the topical form. The evaluated MBC against S. aureus was 4 µg/ml, and for E.coli, and C. albicans, it was even lower than 1 µg/ml. While determining the MBC of Oregano oil (external) against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, antimicrobial activity is reported as : 16 µg/ml against S. aureus, 4 µg/ml for E.coli and 32 µg/ml against C. albicans. Also, the observed antimicrobial activity of Oregano oil for internal use is higher than external form – 2 µg/ml against S. aureus and lower than 1 µg/ml for the other pathogens. The results of MIC and MBC determination of Thyme and Oregano oils showed that E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans demonstrate high sensitivity and can be used in therapeutic practice, and some of them probably in combination with other antimicrobial agents.
PROFESSIONAL QULAITY OF LIFE AND BURN OUT AMONG PSYSIOTHERAPISTS IN LATAVIA
Authors: Barone Līga , Zakriževska-Belogrudova Maija 
Published: December 2022

Background: In their daily practice, physiotherapists need to physically and emotionally interact with their patients; therefore, like any other helping professionals, are subject to emotional risks. The aim of this study is to explain the symptoms of compassion fatigue (CF) and professional burnout (BO) in Latvian physiotherapists and offer suggestions for the staff management.
Methods: To achieve the goal of the study, quantitative, non-experimental research was conducted using: the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Maslach’s Burnout Scale. The present study measures the level of compassion satisfaction (CS), secondary traumatic stress (STS), and Burn Out (BO) syndrome. In addition, the BO was measured along with its three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP), and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment (PA). Convenience sampling was used in the study. The survey was conducted among 155 physiotherapists with an average age of 35.5 years and an average length of service of 9.5 years.
Results: The results of the study show that physiotherapists have moderate Compassion Fatigue (M=36,37±7,23), low Secondary Traumatic Stress (M=27,54±4,65), and moderate Burn Out (M=17,68±6,89) (only EE dimension had a high value (M=24,52±12,84), but moderate Depersonalisation P (M=7,3±6,06) and low Personal Accomplishment (M=38,92±6,49). Statistically significant correlations are found between all these phenomena. Furthermore, statistically significant differences in these phenomena among physiotherapists with different length of service are also confirmed.
Conclusions: The study demonstrates the association between CF, STS, and BO symptoms and their variability over a physiotherapist’s length of service. Under the influence of these emotional risks, 60% of respondents reported a lack of compassion satisfaction to continue working as a physiotherapist.
Decompression alone or decompression with fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial with two-year MRI follow-up
Authors: Karlsson Thomas , Försth Peter , Skorpil Mikael , Pazarlis Konstantinos , Öhagen Patrik , Michaëlsson Karl , Sandén Bengt 
Published: December 2022

Aims The aims of this study were first, to determine if adding fusion to a decompression of the lumbar spine for spinal stenosis decreases the rate of radiological restenosis and/or proximal adjacent level stenosis two years after surgery, and second, to evaluate the change in vertebral slip two years after surgery with and without fusion. Methods The Swedish Spinal Stenosis Study (SSSS) was conducted between 2006 and 2012 at five public and two private hospitals. Six centres participated in this two-year MRI follow-up. We randomized 222 patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis at one or two adjacent levels into two groups, decompression alone and decompression with fusion. The presence or absence of a preoperative spondylolisthesis was noted. A new stenosis on two-year MRI was used as the primary outcome, defined as a dural sac cross-sectional area ≤ 75 mm2 at the operated level (restenosis) and/or at the level above (proximal adjacent level stenosis). Results A total of 211 patients underwent surgery at a mean age of 66 years (69% female): 103 were treated by decompression with fusion and 108 by decompression alone. A two-year MRI was available for 176 (90%) of the eligible patients. A new stenosis at the operated and/or adjacent level occurred more frequently after decompression and fusion than after decompression alone (47% vs 29%; p = 0.020). The difference remained in the subgroup with a preoperative spondylolisthesis, (48% vs 24%; p = 0.020), but did not reach significance for those without (45% vs 35%; p = 0.488). Proximal adjacent level stenosis was more common after fusion than after decompression alone (44% vs 17%; p < 0.001). Restenosis at the operated level was less frequent after fusion than decompression alone (4% vs 14%; p = 0.036). Vertebral slip increased by 1.1 mm after decompression alone, regardless of whether a preoperative spondylolisthesis was present or not. Conclusion Adding fusion to a decompression increased the rate of new stenosis on two-year MRI, even when a spondylolisthesis was present preoperatively. This supports decompression alone as the preferred method of surgery for spinal stenosis, whether or not a degenerative spondylolisthesis is present preoperatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1343–1351.
The management of sacral tumours
Authors: Rose Peter S. 
Published: December 2022

Tumours of the sacrum are difficult to manage. The sacrum provides the structural connection between the torso and lower half of the body and is subject to both axial and rotational forces. Thus, tumours or their treatment can compromise the stability of the spinopelvic junction. Additionally, nerves responsible for lower limb motor groups as well as bowel, bladder, and sexual function traverse or abut the sacrum. Preservation or sacrifice of these nerves in the treatment of sacral tumours has profound implications on the function and quality of life of the patient. This annotation will discuss current treatment protocols for sacral tumours. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1284–1291.
How are adults who had Perthes’ disease functioning?
Authors: Kim Harry K. W. , Almakias Roi , Millis Michael B. , Vakulenko-Lagun Bella ,   on behalf of the International Perthes Study Group
Published: December 2022

AimsPerthes’ disease (PD) is a childhood hip disorder that can affect the quality of life in adulthood due to femoral head deformity and osteoarthritis. There is very little data on how PD patients function as adults, especially from the patients’ perspective. The purpose of this study was to collect treatment history, demographic details, the University of California, Los Angeles activity score (UCLA), the 36-Item Short Form survey (SF-36) score, and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome score (HOOS) of adults who had PD using a web-based survey method and to compare their outcomes to the outcomes from an age- and sex-matched normative population.MethodsThe English REDCap-based survey was made available on a PD study group website. The survey included childhood and adult PD history, UCLA, SF-36, and HOOS. Of the 1,182 participants who completed the survey, the 921 participants who did not have a total hip arthroplasty are the focus of this study. The mean age at survey was 38 years (SD 12) and the mean duration from age at PD onset to survey participation was 30.8 years (SD 12.6).ResultsIn comparison to a normative population, the PD participants had significantly lower HOOS scores across all five scales (p < 0.001) for all age groups. Similarly, SF-36 scores of the participants were significantly lower (p < 0.001) for all scales except for age groups > 55 years. Overall, females, obese participants, those who reported no treatment in childhood, and those with age of onset > 11 years had significantly worse SF-36 and HOOS scores. Pairwise correlations showed a strong positive correlation within HOOS scales and between HOOS scales and SF-36 scales, indicating construct validity.ConclusionAdult PD participants had significantly worse pain, physical, mental, and social health than an age- and sex-matched normative cohort. The study reveals a significant burden of disease on the adult participants of the survey, especially females. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(12):1304–1312.