bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct ensembles in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus are associated with diverse cortical states
Authors: Noei Shahryar , Zouridis Ioannis S. , Logothetis Nikos K. , Panzeri Stefano , Totah Nelson K. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons produce an arousal-related state characterized by a broadband increase in high-frequency oscillations. This perspective was built upon electrical or optogenetic stimulation that artificially activates LC neurons synchronously. This has led to the conceptual model that LC activation is associated with a single cortical state. Here, we show that natural, spontaneously occurring LC single-unit activity consists of ensembles with largely nonoverlapping activation dynamics. Spontaneous activations of different LC ensembles are associated with different cortical states. Our results suggest that the role of the LC in controlling a single type of cortical state associated with arousal is an oversimplification. Instead, ensembles of LC neurons may control a diverse multitude of cortical states.
Studies on enmetazobactam clarify mechanisms of widely used β-lactamase inhibitors
Authors: Lang Pauline A. , Raj Ritu , Tumber Anthony , Lohans Christopher T. , Rabe Patrick , Robinson Carol V. , Brem Jürgen , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceMicrobial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics mediated by β-lactamase–catalyzed hydrolysis is a major global health concern. Penam sulfones, which are structurally related to penicillins, inhibit clinically important serine β-lactamases (SBLs) by forming transiently stable covalent complexes, thereby protecting β-lactam antibiotics from hydrolysis. The characterization of these complexes and mechanisms of SBL inhibition is important for development of new SBL inhibitors (SBLi). Studies on the mechanism of the new SBLi enmetazobactam employing mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography inform on its mode of action and also lead to reevaluation of mechanisms of current clinically important SBLi. In addition to insights into the mechanisms of transient SBL inhibition by penam sulfones, the results reveal potential for penam sulfone optimization to enable irreversible SBL inhibition.
Normative data for the numeric vertical line test
Authors: Silva Gabrielly Fernanda , Nascimento Monalisa Resende , Appelt Pablo Andrei , Bazan Rodrigo , de Souza Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande , José Luvizutto Gustavo 
Published: April 2022

Objective
We used the numeric vertical line test (NVLT) to analyze perceptual accuracy and precision of verticality at various life stages in a healthy population and compared the results of the NVLT with tests of verticality.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved three participant groups: (a) 50 children, (b) 50 adults, and (c) 50 older adults. Each participant underwent three tests: (a) the NVLT, (b) the subjective visual vertical (SVV), and (c) the subjective haptic vertical (SHV). The test results for each age group were compared using analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate correlations between all tests.

Results
In the accuracy analysis, children (p = 0.003) and older adults (p = 0.003) were found to show lower accuracy on the NVLT than adults; children had lower accuracy on the SVV test than adults (p = 0.0008); and children (p < 0.001) and older adults (p = 0.04) had lower accuracy on the SHV test than adults. In the precision analysis, children (p = 0.006) and older adults (p = 0.006) were found to have lower precision on the NVLT than adults; children (p = 0.002) and older adults (p = 0.003) had lower precision on the SVV test than adults; and children (p = 0.0009) and older adults (p = 0.0006) had lower precision on the SHV than adults. Only the NVLT and SVV showed a significant association in adults (r = 0.57; p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Children and older adults showed less accurate verticality perceptions and lower precision levels for spatial-number displacement and visual and proprioceptive verticalities than adults.
Relationships of health-related quality of life with subjective noise sensitivity in the subjects with normal hearing
Authors: Keskin Yıldız Melis , Kemaloğlu Yusuf Kemal , Gökdoğan Çağıl 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Our aim was to look for the association of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with subjective noise sensitivity (SNS) in the audiologically and perceptually normal hearing subjects since HRQoL was suggested as a tool during the intervention of the hearing impaired people.

Methods
The audiological evaluation was first done in the subjects who were enrolled from the previous study in which Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS) was adapted to Turkish. Then, the Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores were determined and the relationships of WNSS score with the SF-36 scores were analysed in respect to gender, age, audiological variables.

Results
Of 210, 124 subjects (M:44; F:80) were taken to the study. WNSS score presented no gender difference and correlation with age and audiological variables. It was found that WNSS score was significantly correlated with emotional and mental domains of HRQoL in women and physical and social functioning in men. Role limitations due to physical health, mental health, role limitations due to emotional problems, social functioning, vitality and mental composite scores were significantly lower in the upper SNS subgroup.

Conclusion
It was revealed that SNS was strongly associated with HRQoL in perceptionally and audiologically normal hearing males and females via different domains. Therefore, in case of using HRQoL in audiological care, our data suggest that SNS should be taken into account.
Electron-beam induced damage process for Ca2Na2Nb5O16 nanosheets
Authors: Choi Haneul , Lee Gwangyeob , Roh Jong Wook , Park Jin-Woo , Chang Hye Jung 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dielectric two-dimensional oxide nanosheets are attractive because of their thermal stability and high-k property. However, their atomic structure characterization has been limited since they are easily degraded by electron-beams. This study aimed to investigate the electron-beam induced damage mechanisms for exfoliated Ca2Na2Nb5O16 (CNNO) nanosheets. Knock-on damage dominantly occurred at high voltages, leaving short-range order in the final amorphous structure. On the other hand, a series of chemical reactions predominantly occurred at low voltages, resulting in random elemental loss and a fully disordered amorphous structure. This radiolysis was facilitated by insulated CNNO nanosheets that contained a large number of dangling bonds after the chemical solution process. The radiolysis damage kinetics was faster than knock-on damage and induced more elemental loss. Based on our understanding of the electron beam-induced degradation, atomic-scale imaging of the CNNO nanosheets was successfully performed using Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy at 300 keV with a decreased beam current. This result is of particular significance because understanding of electron-beam damage in exfoliated and insulating 2D oxide sheets could improve identification of their atomic structure using electron microscopy techniques and lead to a practical guide for further extensive characterization of doped elements and layered structures to improve their properties.
Tunable synthesis of dendritic fibrous nano silica using 1-pentanol-water microemulsion at low oil to water ratio
Authors: Liu Xuexue , Zhang Xiang , Chen Jian , Zhang Changhao , Feng Songke , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) is a suitable nano-carrier for loading pesticides with radially oriented pores and a large surface area. The microemulsion method is standard method to prepare DFNS, and 1-pentanol is taken to replace cyclohexane as an oil solvent due to its high stability and nontoxic property. The results showed that the volume ratio of 1-pentanol (oil) to water (O/W) and the molar ratio of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) had effected on morphology and adsorption properties of DFNS in the water-CTAB-1-pentanol-ethanol-trimethylbenzene (TMB) microemulsion system. DFNS with bicontinuous concentric lamellar morphologies can be synthesized in this microemulsion at the meager O/W volume ratio (0.025–0.045). It features a tight mesoporous structure with a thin dendritic fibrous in 0.03 to 0.04 O/W volume ratio. The particle sizes, surface areas, and porosity of DFNS were positively correlated with the addition of the silica precursor TEOS. The size of DFNS increased from 123 to about 220 nm with the CTAB/TEOS molar ratio decreasing from 0.119 to 0.050. When the molar ratio of CTAB to TEOS = 0.119, DFNS has a smaller particle size (123 nm) with a larger surface area and abundant honeycomb mesopores; the low O/W volume ratio strategy provides theoretical support for the industrialization development of DFNS and nano-pesticides, which plays a profound role in promoting the sustainable development of pesticide reduction, efficiency and green agriculture.
A generalized image quality improvement strategy of cone-beam CT using multiple spectral CT labels in Pix2pix GAN
Authors: Jiang Yangkang , Zhang Yibao , Luo Chen , Yang Pengfei , Wang Jing , Liang Xiaokun , Zhao Wei , Li Rencang , Niu Tianye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. The quantitative and routine imaging capabilities of cone-beam CT (CBCT) are hindered from clinical applications due to the severe shading artifacts of scatter contamination. The scatter correction methods proposed in the literature only consider the anatomy of the scanned objects while disregarding the impact of incident x-ray energy spectra. The multiple-spectral model is in urgent need for CBCT scatter estimation. Approach. In this work, we incorporate the multiple spectral diagnostic multidetector CT labels into the pixel-to-pixel (Pix2pix) GAN to estimate accurate scatter distributions from CBCT projections acquired at various imaging volume sizes and x-ray energy spectra. The Pix2pix GAN combines the residual network as the generator and the PatchGAN as the discriminator to construct the correspondence between the scatter-contaminated projection and scatter distribution. The network architectures and loss function of Pix2pix GAN are optimized to achieve the best performance on projection-to-scatter transition. Results. The CBCT data of a head phantom and abdominal patients are applied to test the performance of the proposed method. The error of the corrected CBCT image using the proposed method is reduced from over 200 HU to be around 20 HU in both phantom and patient studies. The mean structural similarity index of the CT image is improved from 0.2 to around 0.9 after scatter correction using the proposed method compared with the MC-simulation method, which indicates a high similarity of the anatomy in the images before and after the proposed correction. The proposed method achieves higher accuracy of scatter estimation than using the Pix2pix GAN with the U-net generator. Significance. The proposed scheme is an effective solution to the multiple spectral CBCT scatter correction. The scatter-correction software using the proposed model will be available at: https://github.com/YangkangJiang/Cone-beam-CT-scatter-correction-tool.
Dry reforming of methane in a nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge: chemical kinetics modeling
Authors: Zhang Li , Heijkers Stijn , Wang Weizong , Martini Luca Matteo , Tosi Paolo , Yang Dezheng , Fang Zhi , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma shows a high degree of non-equilibrium, and exhibits relatively high conversions in the dry reforming of methane. To further improve the application, a good insight of the underlying mechanisms is desired. We developed a chemical kinetics model to explore the underlying plasma chemistry in nanosecond pulsed discharge. We compared the calculated conversions and product selectivities with experimental results, and found reasonable agreement in a wide range of specific energy input. Hence, the chemical kinetics model is able to provide insight in the underlying plasma chemistry. The modeling results predict that the most important dissociation reaction of CO2 and CH4 is electron impact dissociation. C2H2 is the most abundant hydrocarbon product, and it is mainly formed upon reaction of two CH2 radicals. Furthermore, the vibrational excitation levels of CO2 contribute for 85% to the total dissociation of CO2.
Experimental and simulation studies of SCIF considering non-uniform critical current
Authors: Zhou Benzhe , Wang Lei , Wang Kangshuai , Qin Lang , Wang Yaohui , Zhang Zili , Liu Jianhua , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As an effective and reliable method of obtaining extremely high magnetic fields, rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) magnets have contributed significantly to the development of condensed matter physics, chemistry, life sciences, and materials research. However, large screening currents in REBCO magnets can significantly degrade the magnetic field quality. Recent experiments on the inner insert of a 30 T superconducting magnet at the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences showed that the measured magnetic field is highly asymmetric single-peaked field instead of the designed saddle-shaped fields, and it differs significantly from the values calculated based on the commonly-used uniform and symmetric screening current model. Therefore, a simulation model based on the T–A formulation with consideration of accurate dimensions and critical currents was developed. The simulation results with this new developed model indicate that the angle dependence can cause more than an 8.3% difference in the critical currents of the symmetrically located double pancake (DP) coils of the magnet. The average relative error between the measured and calculated magnetic field values was sharply reduced by a maximum of 44.4% after considering the non-uniform critical currents. In consideration of manufacturing uncertainties and non-uniform critical currents, better magnetic field quality of REBCO magnets can be achieved by arranging the location of each DP with this model.
A closed-loop high temperature superconducting magnet energized by flux pump and its piecewise semi-analytical solution
Authors: Zhu Lingfeng , Wang Yinshun , Zhang Xindan , Wang Lecheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
High temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets energized by flux pumps can carry heavy current without heat leakage from current leads and are therefore appropriate for a wide range of applications. However, the soldering resistance remains an obstacle to the persistent operations of the HTS magnets. Here, we propose a closed-loop HTS magnet magnetized by flux pump with thermal switches. The magnet consists of a closed-loop single pancakes (SPs) coil wound by a rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape on which a slit is cut to form a closed-loop ring within which current can flow without encountering the soldering resistance. Another REBCO tape is soldered on the closed-loop ring to form a pump bridge and a flux pump consists of a copper coil with iron core is installed around the pump bridge. There exists a group of manganese copper wires wound on the closed-loop ring and the pump bridge respectively as thermal switches. A piecewise semi-analytical solution is suggested to investigate the charging process by which the transport current in the magnet is calculated. Experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the magnet and the solution. The results show that the magnet can be operated in a persistent current mode, and thus, this study represents a practical solution for persistent operation of the HTS magnets. Besides, the proposed solution can effectively explain and predict the saturation current of the suggested magnet, which can, therefore, guide the design of other forms of HTS magnets and flux pumps.
An efficient approach for superconducting joint of YBCO coated conductors
Authors: Huang Daxing , Shang Hongjing , Xie Bowei , Zou Qi , Dong Hao , Wang Kai , Zhang Lin , Gu Hongwei , Ding Fazhu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Superconducting joints are crucial for second generation high-temperature superconducting (2G HTS) closed-loop coils that work in the persistent current mode (PCM) operation. Here, we report an efficient approach for superconducting joints of YBa2Cu3O7-σ
(YBCO) coated conductors (CCs). The YBCO layer is etched to and from some microchannels, which serve as oxygen diffusion paths during oxygenation annealing (OA), to accelerate the recovery of critical current (I
c) of the joined two YBCO layers. The I
c of the superconducting joint is 118 A at 77 K with an optimized joining temperature and a short OA time (10 h), which is about 82% I
c of the joined YBCO CCs. The persistent field decay of the closed-loop coil shows a joint resistance (R
j) of less than 2.2 × 10−13 Ω at 77 K. Two YBCO films epitaxially grown along the c-axis diffuse into each other at the interface and form a dense joining, enabling superconducting current path. This superconducting joint technique can promote the achievement of the PCM operation in 2G HTS magnet applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance.
A first-principles study of structural, electronic and optical properties of α-Te tubular nanostructures modulated by uniaxial strain
Authors: Yang Riyi , Chen Yu-Yo , Guo Yanrong , Shen Hong , Wang Songyou , Jia Yu , Su Wan-Sheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
First-principles calculations were performed to study the effect of uniaxial strain on the electronic properties of α-Te nanotubes (NTs) of different configurations and tube sizes. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and phonon dispersion calculation indicate that both armchair (5, 5) and zigzag (10, 0) α-Te NTs are thermodynamically stable and exhibit good dynamic stability at room temperature. Under compressive and tensile strains of ±10%, the atomic structure of the α-Te NTs remains stable, demonstrating they have good flexibility. An increase in uniaxial strain leads to a progressive decrease in the band gap for both armchair and zigzag α-Te NTs. Interestingly, it is found that armchair (5, 5) α-Te NTs experience an intriguing semiconductor–metal transition at a critical strain, while other α-Te NTs are semiconducting with an adjustable band gap. In addition, the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum charge density between the interlayers has an impact on the type of band gap in the (5, 5) and (10, 0) NTs. Finally, we found the optical properties can be significantly modulated under strain in the z direction. Increasing our understanding of the electronic and optical properties of α-Te NTs under strain modulation helps shed light on the properties of new nanomaterials more generally, paving the way for future optoelectronic applications. These findings highlight the tunable electronic and optical properties of α-Te NTs, which is promising for applications in nanodevices such as opto-electronics, electrical switches, and nanoscale strain sensors.
Direct laser writing regimes for bulk inscription of polarization-based spectral microfilters and fabrication of microfluidic bio/chemosensor in bulk fused silica
Authors: I Kudryashov Sergey , Danilov Pavel A , Rupasov Alexey E , Smayev Mikhail P , Smirnov Nikita A , Kesaev Vladimir V , Putilin Andrey N , Kovalev Michael S , Zakoldaev Roman A , Gonchukov Sergey A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Laser inscription of form-birefringent nanograting layers inside fused silica by ultrashort (femto-picosecond) laser pulses at 515 nm was studied as a function of laser, average power and pulsewidth in terms of fabrication regimes. Retardance magnitudes were acquired for single birefringent layers inscribed at different laser parameters, enabling fabrication of polarization-based spectral micro-filters in the form of few-layer microdevices and of microfluidic multi-color refractive-index chemo/biosensor.
Scans-to BIM for the Cultural Heritage: first results of a study case for a medieval church and its urban context
Authors: Grazia D’Urso Maria , Valdambrini Noemi , Marana Barbara , Manzari Valerio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Raw data, first acquired by several and integrated geomatic procedures and subsequently processed so as to achieve a 3D geometrical model, are the basis for conservation and preventive maintenance of the Cultural Heritage; furthermore, they also allow for the employment of the BIM, Building Information Modeling methodology. By using point clouds elaborated by terrestrial laser scans this research has as main objective the implementation of the BIM technology for the digitalization of the built heritage. In particular a digital three-dimensional model of the medieval S. Maria della Libera Church in Aquino, in the Southern Lazio has been obtained; it represents all the fundamental construction features of the building, the decorative elements and its localization inside a territorial context rich of history and of historical-artistic-archaeological relevance.
Research on Point Cloud Registration Algorithm Based on Boundary Harris-3D Points and 4PCS
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Wang Di 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Point cloud registration based on the 4PCS+ICP algorithm will lead to many problems such as large registration error, low efficiency, and unstable running time, especially when it encounters large point cloud data, these problems will be more prominent, which greatly limits the application of the algorithm. Based on these shortcomings, we propose an optimized registration algorithm, called BH4PCS, to improve the applicability of the 4PCS algorithm. In our method, we first extract the boundary Harris-3D points through the edge detection algorithm and Harris-3D key point extraction method, then we use the 4PCS algorithm for point cloud coarse registration, and finally use KD-ICP to speed up the fine registration. After experimental verification and comparison with the existing artworks, our proposed algorithm registers the larger point cloud model by only using a small number of data points, optimizing the registration efficiency, accuracy, and operation stability of the 4PCS + ICP registration method, and has good robustness to outliers.
The single train’s punctual and energy-saving operation scheme based on dynamic programming algorithm
Authors: Ding Yong , Wang Tiesheng , Zhang Kexin , Chen Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A punctual and energy-saving operation model and some principles to realize energy-saving operation for train are analysed in this paper in order to reduce the energy consumption and obtain the energy-saving speed curve. According to the basic principles of dynamic programming algorithm, the train operation line is discretized. We reduce the space of state variables by using the maximum capacity operation curve and average speed operation curve. And the cost function for energy and time consumption is constructed according to requirements for punctual and energy-saving operation of trains. The simulation results using specific parameters show that the dynamic programming algorithm using reduced state space has high computational efficiency and effectively reduces the energy consumption of train operation.