bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference values for triceps surae tissue oxygen saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Faria Valéria C , Oliveira Luciano Fonseca Lemos de , Ferreira Ana Paula , Cunha Tulio E O , Fernandes Juliana S A , Pussieldi Guilherme A , Pereira Danielle A G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. To establish the reference values for peripheral tissue perfusion of the triceps surae muscle assessed by Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at rest and in progressive effort. Approach. A total of 288 apparently healthy individuals of both sexes were included; between 30 and 79 years of age; nonsmokers; without diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, kidney disease, symptoms of angina and intermittent claudication, or any musculoskeletal alteration that would prevent physical exertion; and without diagnosis of Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or other associated symptoms. All individuals performed anthropometric measurements, physical activity levels, and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) assessments by NIRS during and after arterial occlusion maneuver and incremental shuttle walking test. The variables obtained by NIRS were presented in percentiles (P) for general comparison between sexes and for comparison between sexes according to age group. The relationship between the NIRS data and other variables was tested. Main results. Considering P50 and p<0.05, men had lower StO2 values, higher deoxygenation and reoxygenation (Tx-reox) rates at rest, and higher Tx-reox during progressive effort. There were correlations (p<0.0001) of body composition with the lowest StO2 and Tx-reox values and of functional capacity with Tx-reox in occlusion and Tx-reox. Significance. The percentiles presented can clinically assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of different health conditions; however, it is important to consider the individual’s sex, body composition, and functional capacity.
Hydrogen peroxide production of underwater nanosecond-pulsed streamer discharges with respect to pulse parameters and associated discharge characteristics
Authors: Rataj Raphael , Werneburg Matthias , Below Harald , Kolb Juergen F 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pulsed streamer discharges submerged in water have demonstrated potential in a number of applications. Especially the generation of discharges by short high-voltage pulses in the nanosecond range has been found to offer advantages with respect to efficacies and efficiencies. The exploited plasma chemistry generally relies on the initial production of short-lived species, e.g. hydroxyl radicals. Since the diagnostic of these transient species is not readily possible, a quantification of hydrogen peroxide provides an adequate assessment of underlying reactions. These conceivably depend on the characteristics of the high-voltage pulses, such as pulse duration, pulse amplitude, as well as pulse steepness.
A novel electrochemical flow-injection system was used to relate these parameters to hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Accordingly, the accumulated hydrogen peroxide production for streamer discharges ignited in deionized water was investigated for pulse durations of 100 ns and 300 ns, pulse amplitudes between 54 kV and 64 kV, and pulse rise times from 16 ns to 31 ns. An independent control of the individual pulse parameters was enabled by providing the high-voltage pulses with a Blumlein line. Applied voltage, discharge current, optical light emission and time-integrated images were recorded for each individual discharge to determine dissipated energy, inception statistic, discharge expansion and the lifetime of a discharge.
Pulse steepness did not affect the hydrogen peroxide production rate, but an increase in amplitude of 10 kV for 100 ns pulses nearly doubled the rate to (0.19 ± 0.01) mol l−1 s−1, which was overall the highest determined rate. The energy efficiency did not change with pulse amplitude, but was sensitive to pulse duration. Notably, production rate and efficiency doubled when the pulse duration decreased from 300 ns to 100 ns, resulting in the best peroxide production efficiency of (9.2 ± 0.9) g kWh−1. The detailed analysis revealed that the hydrogen peroxide production rate could be described by the energy dissipation in a representative single streamer. The production efficiency was affected by the corresponding discharge volume, which was comprised by the collective volume of all filaments. Hence, dissipating more energy in a filament resulted in an increased production rate, while increasing the relative volume of the discharge compared to its propagation time increased the energy efficiency.
Effect of electron energy distributions on the electron density in nitrogen inductively coupled plasmas
Authors: Kim Kwan-Yong , Kim Jung Hyung , Chung Chin-Wook , Lee Hyo-Chang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) on the behavior of the electron density (n
e) is investigated under various gas pressures of nitrogen (N2) in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) operated at low and high input powers. A Langmuir probe is used to measure the EEDFs and electron densities, and the antenna coil current is measured to obtain the absorbed power in the plasma (P
abs). At gas pressures above 2.67 Pa (20 mTorr) and 2500 W, P
abs increases continually with increasing the gas pressure, but the electron density slightly decreases. In this case, the EEDF has a Maxwellian distribution with a high-energy tail. On the other hand, at 300 W, P
abs decreases slightly with increasing gas pressure, but the electron density dramatically decreases, and the EEDF evolves from a bi-Maxwellian to a non-Maxwellian distribution with substantially highly depleted high-energetic part (high-energy tail). To analyze the difference in the behavior of the decrease rate in electron density, the total energy loss per electron–ion pair lost (ε
T) is measured through the probe diagnostics, and the measured electron density is compared with the calculated electron density from the global model. An additional experiment is performed in Ar plasma under the same discharge conditions as N2 plasma to compare the EEDF effect. This study provides experimental evidence that the EEDF has a decisive effect on the behavior of the electron density in plasmas.
Long-term trends of impacts of global gasoline and diesel emissions on ambient PM2.5 and O3 pollution and the related health burden for 2000–2015
Authors: Xiong Ying , Partha Debatosh , Prime Noah , Smith Steven J , Mariscal Noribeth , Salah Halima , Huang Yaoxian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global economic development and urbanization during the past two decades have driven the increases in demand of personal and commercial vehicle fleets, especially in developing countries, which has likely resulted in changes in year-to-year vehicle tailpipe emissions associated with aerosols and trace gases. However, long-term trends of impacts of global gasoline and diesel emissions on air quality and human health are not clear. In this study, we employ the Community Earth System Model in conjunction with the newly developed Community Emissions Data System as anthropogenic emission inventory to quantify the long-term trends of impacts of global gasoline and diesel emissions on ambient air quality and human health for the period of 2000–2015. Global gasoline and diesel emissions contributed to regional increases in annual mean surface PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ⩽2.5 μm) concentrations by up to 17.5 and 13.7 µg m−3, and surface ozone (O3) concentrations by up to 7.1 and 7.2 ppbv, respectively, for 2000–2015. However, we also found substantial declines of surface PM2.5 and O3 concentrations over Europe, the US, Canada, and China for the same period, which suggested the co-benefits of air quality and human health from improving gasoline and diesel fuel quality and tightening vehicle emissions standards. Globally, we estimate the mean annual total PM2.5- and O3-induced premature deaths are 139 700–170 700 for gasoline and 205 200–309 300 for diesel, with the corresponding years of life lost of 2.74–3.47 and 4.56–6.52 million years, respectively. Diesel and gasoline emissions create health-effect disparities between the developed and developing countries, which are likely to aggravate afterwards.
Pavlov’s quest
Authors: Todes Daniel P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
From 1903 until his death in early 1936, Pavlov attempted experimentally to constrain the psyche within deterministic law. For Pavlov, the conditional reflex and the psyche were two dimensions of what he termed “higher nervous activity.” He sought not to replace psychology with physiology, but to fuse them. His method consisted of three basic steps: First, discover the regularities in the salivation elicited by thousands of experiments on the dynamics of conditional reflexes. Second, build from these patterns a model of the unseen processes in the higher nervous system. Finally, use that model to explain the psychological experiences and personality of experimental animals and, ultimately, humans. He discovered many important facts and relationships of enduring value, but the avalanche of data defeated every attempt at systematization. Continually adding new variables (such as mental illness, experience, and “nervous type”), he extended his explanatory reach at the cost of precision and refutability.
Nervous types
Authors: Todes Daniel P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pavlov’s dogs were recognizable individuals who lived for years in the lab, displaying distinctive personalities that became an integral part of lab culture, a factor in the interpretation of experiments, and the theme of a central line of investigation on “nervous types.” Individual dogs responded differently to identical experiments. Coworkers were also familiar with their different personalities. Pavlov viewed dogs as simple people and people as complex dogs. He and his coworkers routinely described their canine collaborators as weak, strong, obtuse, intelligent, cowardly, or heroic. Research on nervous types attempted to explain physiologically the dogs’ varied responses to conditional reflex experiments and to relate this to their personalities. The dynamics of this research are evident from experiments with four dogs in the 1920s: Milord and Postrel (who Pavlov compared to Freud’s “Anna O.”), Avgust (who revealed the physiology of cowardice), and Garsik (who helped resolve a mystery about Pavlov’s biography).
Behavioral choices in negotiation
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the strategies (plans) and tactics (individual behavioral choices) which can be used in the different frameworks and models of negotiation. Different choices are presented in a chronological order of most negotiations—planning, research, preparation, first offers, introductions, agenda setting, solution planning, settings, information gathering, use of principles, persuasion, arguments, questioning, development of packages/proposals, brainstorming, bargaining, movement, moves and turns, language uses, agreement confirmation, drafting, execution, enforcement, dispute resolution and evaluation, legal issues in agreements in different contexts.
Challenges to reaching negotiated agreements
Authors: Menkel-Meadow Carrie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews documented social, cognitive, and psychological barriers to human negotiation and communication, including human error in information processing and attributions made about others and self. These include such distortions in our thinking as giving too much attention to what goes first (primacy or anchoring), what is most vivid or recent or available to us. We make choices based on our own preferences for gain or loss (and assume others share our preferences); we reason with statistical fallacies, we devalue what others with whom we disagree say, we have social biases that prevent us from accurately processing information and hearing what others say and want, all of which impede our ability to reach mutually rewarding solutions to negotiated problems. We are often overconfident about our own goals and abilities, and we underestimate and devalue others, all while often seeking to confirm what we already think, rather than attempting to learn new things. This chapter explores ways we can correct for these biases in order to improve our own information processing and ability to see better solutions to negotiation problems, both through better cognition and information processing and more attention to others (e.g. with use of greater empathy and the use of mediation processes).
Music and Technology: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This Very Short Introduction takes an expansive and inclusive approach meant to broaden and challenge traditional views of music and technology. In its most common use, “music technology” tends to evoke images of twentieth and twenty-first century electronic devices: synthesizers, recording equipment, music notation software, and the like. This volume, however, treats all tools used to create, store, reproduce, and transmit music—new or old, electronic or not—as technologies worthy of investigation. All musical instruments can be considered technologies. The modern piano, for example, is a marvel of keys, hammers, strings, pedals, dampers, and jacks; just the sound-producing mechanism, or action, on a piano has dozens of parts. In this broad view, technology in music encompasses instruments, whether acoustic, electric, or electronic; engraving and printing; sound recording and playback; broadcasting; software; and much more. This volume challenges the view that technology is unnatural, something external to music. It was sometimes said in the early twentieth century that so-called mechanical music (especially player pianos and phonographs) was a menace to “real” music; alternatively, technology can be freighted with utopian hopes and desires. Positive or negative, these views assume that technology is something that acts upon music. By contrast, this volume characterizes technology as an integral part of all musical activity and portrays traditional instruments and electronic machines as equally technological.
Bodies and senses
Authors: Katz Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Starting from the premise that our bodies are the primary and constant mediators of the music we experience, this chapter investigates how technology mediates the relationship between music and the human body. Often technologies offer a compromise: in providing new ways to experience music, they limit access to some of our senses. Radio, recordings, and streaming audio, for example, expand our access to music while removing or reducing the visual element of musical listening. Other technologies are designed to enhance our embodied experience of music, whether by providing visual elements or engaging with our sense of touch through what is known as vibrotactile feedback. Case studies explore music that is made but not seen, musical haptics, 18th- and 19th-century musical androids, Vocaloids, and musical holograms.
Predicting cell line-specific synergistic drug combinations through a relational graph convolutional network with attention mechanism
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tu Shikui , Zhang Wen , Xu Lei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Identifying synergistic drug combinations (SDCs) is a great challenge due to the combinatorial complexity and the fact that SDC is cell line specific. The existing computational methods either did not consider the cell line specificity of SDC, or did not perform well by building model for each cell line independently. In this paper, we present a novel encoder-decoder network named SDCNet for predicting cell line-specific SDCs. SDCNet learns common patterns across different cell lines as well as cell line-specific features in one model for drug combinations. This is realized by considering the SDC graphs of different cell lines as a relational graph, and constructing a relational graph convolutional network (R-GCN) as the encoder to learn and fuse the deep representations of drugs for different cell lines. An attention mechanism is devised to integrate the drug features from different layers of the R-GCN according to their relative importance so that representation learning is further enhanced. The common patterns are exploited through partial parameter sharing in cell line-specific decoders, which not only reconstruct the known SDCs but also predict new ones for each cell line. Experiments on various datasets demonstrate that SDCNet is superior to state-of-the-art methods and is also robust when generalized to new cell lines that are different from the training ones. Finally, the case study again confirms the effectiveness of our method in predicting novel reliable cell line-specific SDCs.
Computational modelling in health and disease: highlights of the 6th annual SysMod meeting
Authors: Niarakis Anna , Thakar Juilee , Barberis Matteo , Rodríguez Martínez María , Helikar Tomáš , Birtwistle Marc , Chaouiya Claudine , Calzone Laurence , Dräger Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Summary
The Community of Special Interest (COSI) in Computational Modelling of Biological Systems (SysMod) brings together interdisciplinary scientists interested in combining data-driven computational modelling, multi-scale mechanistic frameworks, large-scale -omics data and bioinformatics. SysMod’s main activity is an annual meeting at the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB) conference, a meeting for computer scientists, biologists, mathematicians, engineers and computational and systems biologists. The 2021 SysMod meeting was conducted virtually due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019). During the 2-day meeting, the development of computational tools, approaches and predictive models was discussed, along with their application to biological systems, emphasizing disease mechanisms. This report summarizes the meeting.

Availability and implementation
All resources and further information are freely accessible at https://sysmod.info.
Changes in cortical endoplasmic reticulum clusters in the fertilized mouse oocyte
Authors: Wang Huizhen , Christenson Lane K , Kinsey William H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oocytes from many invertebrate and vertebrate species exhibit unique endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specializations (cortical ER clusters), which are thought to be essential for egg activation. In examination of cortical ER clusters, we observed that they were tethered to previously unreported fenestrae within the cortical actin layer. Furthermore, studies demonstrated that sperm preferentially bind to the plasma membrane overlying the fenestrae, establishing close proximity to underlying ER clusters. Moreover, following sperm–oocyte fusion, cortical ER clusters undergo a previously unrecognized global change in volume and shape that persists through sperm incorporation, before dispersing at the pronuclear stage. These changes did not occur in oocytes from females mated with Izumo1 −/− males. In addition to these global changes, highly localized ER modifications were noted at the sperm binding site as cortical ER clusters surround the sperm head during incorporation, then form a diffuse cloud surrounding the decondensing sperm nucleus. This study provides the first evidence that cortical ER clusters interact with the fertilizing sperm, indirectly through a previous unknown lattice work of actin fenestrae, and then directly during sperm incorporation. These observations raise the possibility that oocyte ER cluster–sperm interactions provide a competitive advantage to the oocyte, which may not occur during assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant properties of Pentacta pygmaea fucosylated chondroitin sulfate depend on high molecular weight structures
Authors: Dwivedi Rohini , Sharma Poonam , Eilts Friederike , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J , Tandon Ritesh , Pomin Vitor H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a unique marine glycosaminoglycan that exhibits diverse biological functions, including antiviral and anticoagulant activity. In previous work, the FucCS derived from Pentacta pygmaea (PpFucCS) showed moderate anticoagulant effect but high inhibitory activity against the Wuhan strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we perform free-radical depolymerization of PpFucCS by the copper-based Fenton method to generate low molecular weight (MW) oligosaccharides. PpFucCS oligosaccharides were structurally analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and were used to conduct structure–activity relationship studies regarding their effects against SARS-CoV-2 and clotting. Anticoagulant properties were measured by activated partial thromboplastin time, protease (factors Xa and IIa) inhibition by serine protease inhibitors (antithrombin [AT] and heparin cofactor II [HCII]), and competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay using AT, HCII, and IIa. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties were measured by the concentration-response inhibitory curves of HEK-293T-human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 cells infected with a baculovirus pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike (S)-protein and competitive SPR assays using multiple S-proteins (Wuhan, N501Y [Alpha], K417T/E484K/N501Y [Gamma], L542R [Delta], and Omicron [BA.2 subvariant]). Cytotoxicity of native PpFucCS and oligosaccharides was also assessed. The PpFucCS-derived oligosaccharide fraction of the highest MW showed great anti-SARS-CoV-2 Delta activity and reduced anticoagulant properties. Results have indicated no cytotoxicity and MW dependency on both anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant effects of PpFucCS, as both actions were reduced accordingly to the MW decrease of PpFucCS. Our results demonstrate that the high-MW structures of PpFucCS is a key structural element to achieve the maximal anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant effects.
The Unintended Consequences of Information Provision: The World Health Organization and Border Restrictions during COVID-19
Authors: Worsnop Catherine Z , Grépin Karen A , Lee Kelley , Marion Summer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Why do some international agreements fail to achieve their goals? Rather than states’ engaging in cheap talk, evasion, or shallow commitments, the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR)—the agreement governing states’ and WHO's response to global health emergencies—point to the unintended consequences of information provision. The IHR have a dual goal of providing public health protection from health threats while minimizing unnecessary interference in international traffic. As such, during major outbreaks WHO provides information about spread and severity, as well as guidance about how states should respond, primarily regarding border policies. During COVID-19, border restrictions such as entry restrictions, flight suspensions, and border closures have been commonplace even though WHO recommended against such policies when it declared the outbreak a public health emergency in January 2020. Building on findings from the 2014 Ebola outbreak, we argue that without raising the cost of disregarding (or the benefits of following) recommendations against border restrictions, information from WHO about outbreak spread and severity leads states to impose border restrictions inconsistent with WHO's guidance. Using new data from COVID-19, we show that WHO's public health emergency declaration and pandemic announcement are associated with increases in the number of states imposing border restrictions.