bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Patterns and Outcomes of 20.6 Million Cardiovascular Emergency Department Encounters for Men and Women in the United States
Authors: Raisi‐Estabragh Zahra , Kobo Ofer , Elbadawi Ayman , Velagapudi Poonam , Sharma Garima , Bullock‐Palmer Renee P. , Petersen Steffen E. , Mehta Laxmi S. , Ullah Waqas , Roguin Ariel , Sun Louise Y. , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: September 2022

Background
We describe sex‐differential disease patterns and outcomes of >20.6 million cardiovascular emergency department encounters in the United States.

Methods and Results
We analyzed primary cardiovascular encounters from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample between 2016 and 2018. We grouped cardiovascular diagnoses into 15 disease categories. The sample included 48.7% women; median age was 67 (interquartile range, 54–78) years. Men had greater overall baseline comorbidity burden; however, women had higher rates of obesity, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease. For women, the most common emergency department encounters were essential hypertension (16.0%), hypertensive heart or kidney disease (14.1%), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (10.2%). For men, the most common encounters were hypertensive heart or kidney disease (14.7%), essential hypertension (10.8%), and acute myocardial infarction (10.7%). Women were more likely to present with essential hypertension, hypertensive crisis, atrial fibrillation/flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, pulmonary embolism, or ischemic stroke. Men were more likely to present with acute myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest. In logistic regression models adjusted for baseline covariates, compared with men, women with intracranial hemorrhage had higher risk of hospitalization and death. Women presenting with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis were less likely to be hospitalized. Women with aortic aneurysm/dissection had higher odds of hospitalization and death. Men were more likely to die following presentations with hypertensive heart or kidney disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, acute myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest.

Conclusions
In this large nationally representative sample of cardiovascular emergency department presentations, we demonstrate significant sex differences in disease distribution, hospitalization, and death.
The Spirit and the Imago Dei: Reviewing the Anthropology of Irenaeus of Lyons
Authors: Purves James G. M. 
Published: September 2022

This article looks at Irenaeus’ theological anthropology, seeking to tease out the fragile yet popular belief that Irenaeus was responsible for laying the foundations of the distinction, which grew up in western theology, between the image and the likeness of God in man. In offering a fresh interpretation of Irenaeus’ presentation of Christ’s saving mission and in noting how Irenaeus preserves a strong and distinctive pneumatology, we set out to examine the interaction of christological and pneumatological motifs in Irenaeus’ understanding of the atonement and theological anthropology. More specifically, we look at the importance of a particular theme in Irenaeus’ thought: his perception of the Son and the Spirit as the ‛two hands’ of the Father.
The author of this article believes that a re-examination of Irenaeus’ perception of man as the image of God can be of help in addressing problems, relating to the relative significance of the Son and the Spirit, which arise within the field of contemporary Christian spirituality.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the Time of Coronavirus: A Level-1 Trauma Center’s Experience
Authors: Cohen Ryan B. , Severance Grace , Olafson Samantha N. , Ward Candace L. , Parsikia Afshin , Bloom Alexi R. , Moran Benjamin , Kaplan Mark J. , Leung Pak 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), one of the most common surgical procedures performed in the U.S., offers a window into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine surgical care. The purpose of our study was to analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic at a Level-1 trauma center on the performance rate of non-elective LC over time. Methods A retrospective chart review from July 2019 to December 2020 identified all non-elective LC cases performed at a level-1 trauma center. Patients were categorized into 4 temporal phases along the course of the pandemic based on statewide incidence data on COVID-19: pre-pandemic, peak 1, recovery, and peak 2. We compared the phases based on demographic information and outcomes. Results In total, 176 patients were reviewed. The performance rate in cases/day varied as follows: pre-pandemic .61, 1st peak .34, recovery .44, and 2nd peak .53. The complication rate was highest in the 2nd peak (16%) ( P < .05). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the intra-pandemic period had a higher incidence of complicated gallbladder disease ( P < .05). In the non-elderly subgroup, complicated gallbladder disease was significantly more prevalent in the intra-pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period (25% vs 10%, P < .05). Conclusions Our data suggests a learning curve throughout the course of the pandemic, reflecting a stepwise increase in the performance rate of LC. The higher incidence of complicated gallbladder disease in the intra-pandemic period may imply patient hesitancy to seek routine surgical care, especially among younger patients.
The Role of Minority Serving Institutions in Transforming Teacher Education and Diversifying the Teaching Profession: A Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Ginsberg Alice , Gasman Marybeth , Samayoa Andrés Castro 
Published: September 2022

Background Teacher education programs at Minority Serving Institutions – which include Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Native American and Tribal Colleges, Asian American and Pacific Islander Serving Institutions, and Hispanic Serving Institutions – are an under-researched resource. Purpose Our aim is to provide a foundation and set an agenda for future research on teacher education within the Minority Serving Institution context. Research Design The first part of this paper reviews the literature on the relationship between minority student achievement and teacher education, with an emphasis on the contribution and role of minority teacher candidates. The second part of this paper sets the agenda for future research on the role of Minority Serving Institutions’ teacher education programs, including what we already know and seek to learn about their unique and innovative approaches to recruitment, pedagogical approaches and course content, mentoring, academic support and remediation, and pre-service teaching experiences. Conclusion Some questions addressed include: In what specific ways are MSIs reframing teaching as a viable and accessible option for minority students? What are MSIs doing with regard to early recruitment of promising minority teacher candidates? What kinds of mentoring and support strategies are they offering, and to what do they attribute high rates of teacher retention in their programs?
Virtual home-based palliative care during COVID-19: A qualitative exploration of the patient, caregiver, and healthcare provider experience
Authors: Vincent Daniel , Peixoto Cayden , Quinn Kieran L , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , Lalumiere Genevieve , Kurahashi Allison M , Gilbert Nathalie , Isenberg Sarina R 
Published: September 2022

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many community palliative healthcare providers shifted from providing care in a patient’s home to providing almost exclusively virtual palliative care, or a combination of in-person and virtual care. Research on virtual palliative care is thus needed to provide evidence-based recommendations aiming to enhance the delivery of palliative care during and beyond the pandemic. Aim: To explore the experiences and perceptions of community palliative care providers, patients and caregivers who delivered or received virtual palliative care as a component of home-based palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Qualitative study using phone and video-based semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Setting/participants: A total of 37 participants, including community palliative care patients/caregivers ( n = 19) and healthcare providers ( n = 18) recruited from sites in Ottawa and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Results: Overall, participants preferred in-person palliative care compared to virtual care, but suggested virtual care could be a useful supplement to in-person care. The findings are presented in three main themes: (1) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community palliative care services; (2) Factors influencing transition from exclusively virtual model of care back to a blended model of care; and (3) Recommended uses and implementation of virtual palliative care Conclusions: Incorporating virtual palliative care into healthcare provider practice models (blended care models) may be the ideal model of care and standard practice moving forward beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, which has important implications toward organization and delivery of community palliative care services and funding of healthcare providers.
Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric ultrasound for peripheral nerve schwannoma
Authors: Yuan Yu , Gao Jinmei , Xiong Guangyi , Guo Lin 
Published: September 2022

Background Ultrasound (US) diagnostic techniques have the advantages of low cost, convenient operation, and high availability. Purpose To explore the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric US in evaluating signs of peripheral schwannoma. Material and Methods This retrospective case-control study included patients with soft-tissue masses on the limbs (divided into the schwannoma and non-schwannoma groups) between January 2017 and November 2020. US features were compared between the two groups, and receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these features. Results A total of 165 patients were included in this study; of them, 63 (38.2%) were diagnosed with schwannoma. Regular morphology (95.2% vs. 39.2%), cystic degeneration (71.4% vs. 27.5%), target sign on elastography (82.5% vs. 0), and polar blood supply sign (87.3% vs. 14.7%) were more common in schwannomas than in non-schwannoma lesions (all P < 0.001). Combining the four signs for diagnosis of schwannomas, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 95.24%, 96.08%, and 95.76%, respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.987 (95% confidence interval = 0.955–0.998). Entering and exiting nerve sign was observed in 87.3% of schwannomas and in 3.0% of non-schwannoma lesions ( P < 0.001), while split-fat sign was similar between the two groups (9.5% vs. 2.0%; P = 0.068). Conclusion Polar blood supply sign and target sign on elastography are specific US signs in peripheral schwannomas. The combination of two-dimensional imaging, color flow imaging, and elastography can achieve an excellent diagnostic accuracy in schwannomas.
Semaglutide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting HDAC5-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Zeyu , Tan Jinyi , Yuan Yan , Shen Jiang , Chen Yan 
Published: September 2022

Background As a life-threatening respiratory syndrome, acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by uncontrollable inflammatory activities. Semaglutide (SEM) has been identified as an effective anti-inflammatory drug in a variety of diseases. This study intended to explore the functional effect and potential mechanisms of SEM in ALI. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to construct an in vivo ALI model based on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and an in vitro ALI model based on human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and ELISA were applied to evaluate the histopathological changes in pulmonary tissues and detect TNF-α and IL-6 levels. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to measure gene and protein expressions in pulmonary tissues and cells. HPAEC viability and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 method and flow cytometry methods. Results Semaglutide pretreatment significantly mitigated pulmonary injury, reduced TNF-α and IL-6 production, and led to a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 level and an increase in Bcl-2 level, suggesting SEM could ameliorate LPS-induced ALI in rats. In vitro, SEM increased the proliferative capability and mitigated inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-stimulated HPAECs. In addition, SEM inhibited HDAC5-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in HPAECs. HDAC5 overexpression or NF-κB signaling activation could partly impair SEM-mediated protective effects against LPS-induced damage to HPAECs. Conclusion Semaglutide restrains LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting HDAC5/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Does Economic Freedom Influence the FDI–Growth Nexus in ASEAN Economies?
Authors: Ansari Md. Gyasuddin , Sensarma Rudra 
Published: September 2022

Authors examine the role of economic freedom in explaining the spillover of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. Authors extend the analysis to the roles of human capital and financial institutions in the FDI–growth nexus. Authors employ two-stage least squares regression to analyse a panel data set of ASEAN countries over 26 years. They find that the positive relationship between FDI and economic growth can be explained by higher economic freedom along with improvements in the quality of human capital and financial institutions. They also provide the policy implications of our findings. JEL Classification: F20; F21; O40
Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation after a single-trigger pain in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Ge Xiuhong , Wang Luoyu , Pan Lei , Ye Haiqi , Zhu Xiaofen , Fan Sandra , Feng Qi , Yu Wenhua , Ding Zhongxiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the central mechanism of classical trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) by analyzing the static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (sALFF) and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) in patients with CTN before and after a single-trigger pain.

Methods
This study included 48 patients (37 women and 11 men, age 55.65 ± 11.41 years) with CTN. All participants underwent 3D-T1WI and three times resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The images were taken before stimulating the trigger zone (baseline), within 5 s after stimulating the trigger zone (triggering-5 s), and in the 30th minute after stimulating the trigger zone (triggering-30 min). The differences between the three measurements were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results
The sALFF values of the bilateral middle occipital gyrus and right cuneus gradually increased, and the values of the left posterior cingulum gyrus and bilateral superior frontal gyrus gradually decreased in triggering-5 s and triggering-30 min. The values of the right middle temporal gyrus and right thalamus decreased in triggering-5 s and subsequently increased in triggering-30 min. The sALFF values of the left superior temporal gyrus increased in triggering-5 s and then decreased in triggering-30 min. The dALFF values of the right fusiform gyrus, bilateral lingual gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and right cuneus gyrus gradually increased in both triggering-5 s and triggering-30 min.

Conclusions
The sALFF and dALFF values changed differently in multiple brain regions in triggering-5 s and triggering-30 min of CTN patients after a single trigger of pain, and dALFF is complementary to sALFF. The results might help explore the therapeutic targets for relieving pain and improving the quality of life of patients with CTN.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and cannabis withdrawal syndrome: a review of the management of cannabis-related syndrome in the emergency department
Authors: Razban Mohammad , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Santa Vincent Della , Heymann Eric P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Cannabis-related medical consultations are increasing worldwide, a non-negligible public health issue; patients presenting to acute care traditionally complain of abdominal pain and vomiting. Often recurrent, these frequent consultations add to the congestion of already chronically saturated emergency department(s) (ED). In order to curb this phenomenon, a specific approach for these patients is key, to enable appropriate treatment and long-term follow-up.

Objectives
This study reviews cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS), in a bid to help promote better understanding and handling of pathologies associated with chronic cannabis use. Following a literature review, we present a novel therapeutic algorithm aimed at guiding clinicians, in a bid to improve long-term outcomes and prevent recurrences.

Methods
Using the keywords “Cannabis,” “Hyperemesis,” “Syndrome,” “Withdrawal,” and “Emergency Medicine,” we completed a literature review of three different electronic databases (PubMed®, Google scholar®, and Cochrane®), up to November 2021.

Results
Although often presenting with similar symptoms such as abdominal pain and vomiting, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) and cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) are the result of two differing pathophysiological processes. Distinguishing between these two syndromes is essential to provide appropriate symptomatic options.

Conclusion
The correct identification of the underlying cannabis-related syndrome, and subsequent therapeutic choice, may help decrease ED presentations. Our study emphasizes the importance of both acute care and long-term outpatient follow-up, as key processes in cannabis-related disorder treatment.
Evolutionary changes in gene expression profiles associated with the coevolution of male and female genital parts among closely related ground beetle species
Authors: Nomura Shota , Sota Teiji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The coevolutionary dynamics of corresponding male and female sexual traits, including genitalia, may be driven by complex genetic mechanisms. Carabus (Ohomopterus) ground beetles show correlated evolution in the size of their functionally corresponding male and female genital parts. To reveal the genetic mechanisms involved in the evolution of size, we investigated interspecific differences in gene expression profiles in four closely related species (two species each with long and short genital parts) using transcriptome data from genital tissues in the early and late pupal stages.

Results
We detected 1536 and 1306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the species in males and 546 and 1959 DEGs in females in the two pupal stages, respectively. The DEGs were clustered by species-specific expression profiles for each stage and sex to identify candidate gene clusters for genital size based on the expression patterns among the species and gene ontology. We identified one and two gene clusters in females and males, respectively, all from the late pupal stage; one cluster of each sex showed similar expression profiles in species with similar genital size, which implies a common gene expression change associated with similar genital size in each sex. However, the remaining male cluster showed different expression profiles between species with long genital parts, which implies species-specific gene expression changes. These clusters did not show sex-concordant expression profiles for genital size differences.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that sex-independent and partly species-specific gene expression underlies the correlated evolution of male and female genital size. These results may reflect the complex evolutionary history of male and female genitalia.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to mothers or relatives with COVID-19
Authors: Babaei Roghayeh , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Khanaliha Khadijeh , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Marjani Arezoo , Garshasbi Saba , Dehghani-Dehej Farzaneh , Chavoshpour Sara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In December 2019, in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emerged due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It seems that children and neonates, similar to adult and elderly individuals, are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate data are not available about neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
This study evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to mothers or relatives with COVID-19. This cross-sectional study was performed on 25,044 consecutive Iranian participants in Tehran, Iran, from January 2020 to August 2020. Viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from 500 µl of the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens of the participants. The genomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.

Results
Out of all participants, 98 (0.40%) cases were neonates born to mothers or relatives with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the current study was performed on these neonates. Out of 98 studied neonates, 6 (6.1%) cases had positive PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, among 98 studied neonates’ mothers, 25 (25.5%) cases had positive PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion
The findings of this study demonstrated that the rate of COVID-19 in neonates born to mothers or relatives with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Iranian population is about 6.1%.
Acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 infected patients requiring dialysis: experience from India and Pakistan
Authors: Anandh Urmila , Noorin Amna , Kazmi Syed Khurram Shehzad , Bannur Sooraj , Shah Syed Shahkar Ahmed , Farooq Mehrin , Yedlapati Gopikrishna , Amer Waseem , Prasad Bonthu , Dasgupta Indranil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) was common in the first two waves of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic in critically ill patients. A high percentage of these patients required renal replacement therapy and died in the hospital.

Methods
The present study examines the clinical presentation, laboratory parameters and therapeutic interventions in critically ill patients with AKI admitted to the ICU in two centres, one each in India and Pakistan. Patient and outcome details of all critically ill COVID 19 patients admitted to the ICU requiring renal replacement therapy were collected. Data was analysed to detect patient variables associated with mortality.

Results
A total of 1,714 critically ill patients were admitted to the ICUs of the two centres. Of these 393 (22.9%) had severe acute kidney injury (AKIN stage 3) requiring dialysis. Of them, 60.5% were men and the mean (± SD) age was 58.78 (± 14.4) years. At the time of initiation of dialysis, 346 patients (88%) were oligo-anuric. The most frequent dialysis modality in these patients was intermittent hemodialysis (48.1%) followed by slow low efficiency dialysis (44.5%). Two hundred and six (52.4%) patients died. The mortality was higher among the Indian cohort (68.1%) than the Pakistani cohort (43.4%). Older age (age > 50 years), low serum albumin altered sensorium, need for slower forms of renal replacement therapy and ventilatory support were independently associated with mortality.

Conclusion
There was a very high mortality in patients with COVID-19 associated AKI undergoing RRT in the ICUs in this cohort from the Indian sub-continent.