bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancrustacea
Authors: Schram Frederick R. , Koenemann Stefan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The understanding the evolution of Arthropoda has depended on fossils from localities of unusual preservation, Lagerstätten. Science still tends to view the ever-growing arthropod record in the Cambrian in the shadows cast by the living forms. Stem forms appear to lead to the living Euarthropoda. The living lineages also contain fossils of importance. For example, trilobites may or may not be related to taxa such as chelicerates and pycnogonids. A superclade, Mandibulata, unites the terrestrial myriapods and the pancrustaceans. The origin of the former has problems, but a possible sister group, Euthycarcinida, might provide a solution. The latter, the focus of this book, has a number of fossil conundra. One such is the Hymenocarina, Cambrian crustaceomorphs that resemble crustaceans but exhibit a jumble of primitive and unique features. The evolution of Hexapoda still demands an answer for the origin of wings, the evolution of a labrum, and the origin of their distinctive body plan (their trunk could be a homolog of the thorax of the branchiopods).
Introduction
Authors: Lautz Terry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the recent history of modern US-China relations and sets the stage for the biographies provided in the rest of the book. The chapter then introduces the lives of the Americans profiled in this book, who encountered China as adversaries and emissaries, mediators and advocates, interpreters and reporters, soldiers, scientists, and scholars. It concludes with an outline of the book: Part One covers the period from Cold War hostility to a resumption of US-China relations in the 1970s. Part Two examines a period of cooperation and engagement up to the current era of competition and growing hostility. Some of the book’s characters were disillusioned by their experiences, while others learned to accept the PRC’s realities. Their lives shed light on the complicated, contradictory, and consequential relationship between the United States and China.
Walter Judd
Authors: Lautz Terry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Walter Judd was a ten-term congressman from Minnesota best known for his unyielding Cold War opposition to Communist China. He was a former medical missionary to China who believed that communism was a worldwide conspiracy, directed by the Russians, with conquest of the United States as its ultimate goal. He fought against US diplomatic recognition of Beijing and its entry to the United Nations on the grounds that the PRC was not a law-abiding legal government. Closely identified with the China Lobby, he was a strong advocate for the Nationalist government and Chiang Kai-shek on the island of Taiwan. Judd was, however, also a progressive who spoke out against racism and advocated for immigration reform. His fierce anti-China rhetoric once seemed outdated but now appears familiar in light of the widespread contention that China is an existential threat.
Elizabeth Perry
Authors: Lautz Terry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Harvard Professor Elizabeth Perry has made major contributions to the study of the Chinese revolution and its implications for contemporary Chinese politics. Born in Shanghai, where her parents were missionaries, she was raised in Japan. She joined protests against the Vietnam War and was enamored of Maoism, but was disillusioned by the PRC’s “tragic reality” after spending a year doing research at Nanjing University. Unlike a previous generation of scholars who could only follow China from a distance, she studied China from the inside out and the ground up, tracing the roots of peasant rebellions in the countryside and urban labor protests in the city of Shanghai. She has been a trailblazer as a woman in the male-dominated field of political science and an advocate for educational exchange as director of the Harvard-Yenching Institute.
Melinda Liu
Authors: Lautz Terry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Melinda Liu was one of the first American foreign correspondents based in the PRC when she opened Newsweek’s bureau in Beijing in 1980. Her parents had emigrated from China after World War II, and Melinda grew up in Ohio. During her four decades in journalism, Liu has written stories on turning points in modern Chinese history, including the trial of the Gang of Four, the Tiananmen massacre, the Sichuan earthquake, the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and the impact of COVID-19. She has reported on the advent of the internet and the Great Firewall, China’s rapid economic growth, and the rise of nationalism. As past president of the Foreign Correspondents’ Club of China, she has contended with censorship in defending freedom of the press.
Mediated (Im)mobilities
Authors: Cabalquinto Earvin Charles B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter illuminates the proposed critical framework to investigate the enactment of transnational family life in the digital age. It specifically charts the processes and outcomes of deploying a mobilities perspective in the context of digital media and transnational communication. To begin with, it presents how the home, as a place, is conceptualized and interrogated in a digital era. This is followed by centering the formation of transnational and intimate family rituals as constitutive of a networked and mobile domestic environment. This approach contributes to advancing our critical understanding of homemaking in a polymedia environment. Furthermore, the chapter articulates the potentialities and limits of digital media use in forging and maintaining ties among fragmented family members through a mediated (im)mobilities lens.
Zones of Reterritorialized Domesticity
Authors: Cabalquinto Earvin Charles B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
How has the notion of home been shaped by the uptake of interconnected mobile devices and online platforms? This chapter addresses this inquiry by opening the discussion through mapping the motivations behind the formation of a digital and transnational arrangement among dispersed family members. To begin with, it illustrates the journey of migration among transnational families in Melbourne, Australia. By analysing the mobilization of familial interactions via mobile devices and online platforms, it coins the conceptual term ‘zones of reterritorialized domesticity’, highlighting the liminal, networked, hybridized, and contradictory aspect of a transnational and digital home. This conception builds on unravelling how family norms and values, mobile platforms, and technological infrastructures shape the performance, embodiment, and negotiation of a home from afar. Ultimately, the chapter lays bare the foundation of interrogating the production of transnational homemaking in uneven mobile environments.
Homeland (Dis)connections
Authors: Cabalquinto Earvin Charles B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
How has an array of mobile devices and networked communications platforms shaped the experiences of homeland connections among transnational family members? This chapter presents how dispersed family members experience and embody the homeland through the circulation and consumption of homeland news, popular media contents, and personalized information through digital media and online channels. The discussion begins by defining the socio-historically situated notion of ‘homeland’ in the Philippine context. This approach contributes to a critical re-examination of enacting homeland ties in digital environments, leading to the conception of the term ‘translocal cocooning’ or the constant negotiation of positive and disruptive homeland connections through digital communication. Ultimately, this chapter offers a nuanced standpoint in examining the diverse and constantly negotiated homeland connectivity among transnational family members.
White Guilt in the Summer of Black Lives Matter
Authors: Spanierman Lisa B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
White guilt is a controversial topic that has been criticized on all sides of the political spectrum in the United States. In popular media, white guilt feelings have not been understood as productive, but rather as manipulative, futile, or superficial. In contrast to conventional critiques of white guilt, psychological research elucidates how individual and collective forms of guilt might be a force for good. For example, white guilt has been linked to prosocial outcomes such as support for affirmative action and willingness to confront white privilege. In this chapter, I draw on psychological research to consider under what conditions white guilt helps to explain white individuals’ support for Black Lives Matter during the summer of 2020.
Historical and Survivor Guilt in the Incorporation of Refugees in Germany
Authors: Borneman John 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In 2015, 1.1 million refugees and migrants entered Germany, and with this entrance began to change the landscape of guilt in Germany. Upon their arrival, Syrian refugees began to interact with Germans amid a landscape that is marked by two kinds of guilt: historical guilt concerning culpability, and survivor guilt concerning victimization and agency. Based on ethnographic research from 2015 to 2019, this chapter analyzes these ongoing changes in the landscape by focusing on how experiences of historical and survivor guilt enter into interactions between Germans and Syrian refugees. It further asks how guilt may be productive in such interactions and facilitate the process of social incorporation.
Making Guilt Productive
Authors: Zisman Valerij 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
What productive role can guilt play in criminal law? Some authors have argued that in the context of a broader penance theory, guilt can offer a plausible justification for criminal punishment. In this chapter, I will argue that such a justification fails. It does so, first, because it grants the state too much authority over the inner feelings of offenders, and second, because such a justification of criminal punishment solely based on the penance rationale allows for disproportionate punishment. Nonetheless, I will argue that guilt within a penance account can play a different, albeit more limited, role in criminal law, namely as a justification for addressing criminal wrongdoing via restorative justice. In restorative justice settings, the productive potential of guilt can be developed, as such settings promote the expression of feelings of guilt, reconciliation between the affected parties, and reparation for the victim.
Rituals of Repentance
Authors: von Kellenbach Katharina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since perpetrators of state-authorized atrocities rarely experience guilt feelings, this essay argues that rituals of repentance are necessary cultural interventions that cultivate moral and intellectual recognition of culpable wrongdoing. Especially in politically motivated crimes, guilt feelings are morally and psychologically elusive. Therefore, the term “contrition” is preferable to guilt feelings, because it is morally loaded. Remorse and contrition are reflective emotional responses that make guilt productive in the form of personal transformation and political change. Joshua Oppenheimer’s 2012 docudrama The Act of Killing serves as example of an “artivist” spectacle that creates a ritual space/time to metabolize personal and political guilt into contrition.
Performing Guilt
Authors: Fischer Saskia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Peter Weiss’s controversial play The Investigation (1965) can be understood as an attempt to bring “the question of German guilt,” to quote the philosopher Karl Jaspers, to the center of public discourse. Weiss’s play confronted the entire society with collective guilt and compelled a wide-ranging social and political rethinking and re-examining of guilt and complicity in the 1960s. Weiss’s piece illustrates a process-oriented understanding of guilt that shows guilt as a temporal phenomenon with lasting and even devastating consequences in the present as long as atrocities remain unresolved. His differentiated, self-referential, dynamic, and politically provocative depiction of guilt has lost none of its fascination to this day and is still performed to deal with current war crimes and genocides.
The Absence of Productive Guilt in Shame and Disgrace
Authors: Buschmeier Matthias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The chapter argues that by emphasizing shame rather than guilt as an interpretative scheme to respond to the Shoah, German officials, to the present day, have intentionally misrepresented the early guilt campaigns of the Allied Forces in 1945. Fearing legal prosecution and financial penalties, Germans understood collective guilt as a legal concept, and fiercely rejected it. Instead, German officials expressed shame, thereby acknowledging some responsibility. However, shame shifts the burden back to victim groups, who are expected to lift the burden of shame in order to facilitate reconciliation. In their commemorative speeches, West German presidents missed the chance to foster a productive understanding of guilt that depends on open acknowledgment and courage to face juridical and financial consequences. Their emphasis on feelings of shame, instead, instigated aggressive attitudes toward victim group, who were identified as origin and wellspring of the experience of shame.
Introduction
Authors: Veeraraghavan Rajesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow can states react most effectively to the local exercise of power and unresponsive bureaucracy that often comes into play at the “last mile” of implementing a development program? The introductory chapter introduces the last-mile problem of development through discussion of a social audit of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in Bihar. It then describes how existing theories of addressing the last-mile problem require devolving power, which may not always be feasible or desirable. The chapter then presents a novel mechanism called patching development, a top-down, fine-grained, and iterative socio-technical process undertaken by the bureaucrats in Andhra Pradesh to make NREGA activities at the last mile visible and able to be intercepted. Drawing on bureaucrats’ precise use of patching in Andhra Pradesh, the chapter posits a politics of information and technology that includes patterns of both contestation and cooperation between members of state bureaucracy and members of civil society.
The Genesis of Rights-Based Governance
Authors: Veeraraghavan Rajesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhat led to the passage of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Right to Information (RTI) Act in India? What factors explain Andhra Pradesh’s focus on effective implementation of NREGA and being the only state to implement social audits? The chapter documents how RTI and NREGA were passed due to the mobilization from networked civil society actors, and electoral competition produced a coalition government which made it politically feasible. NREGA became a priority in Andhra Pradesh because of active political support from the powerful chief minister. The implementation benefited from a history of committed bureaucrats at the top who were able to take advantage of their autonomy, and also from the historical mobilization by Dalits for rights. The chapter ends with a description of Andhra Pradesh’s informational architecture that was structured to monitor everyday state actions both from the top down and from the bottom up.
Public Meetings at the Last Mile
Authors: Veeraraghavan Rajesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial audits in Andhra Pradesh face an ongoing conundrum: How can they increase participation from NREGA workers while minimizing confrontation with hostile local elites? To answer this question, this chapter analyzes three different types of public meetings, all aimed at increasing participation from marginalized citizens. The gram sabhas—run by lower-level bureaucrats—are mandated but produce no real outcomes. Apolitical and of very little use, the gram sabhas can be seen as the case of an “anti-politics machine” that serves only to fulfill a bureaucratic requirement. By contrast, the rachabanda meeting, coordinated by the local political party, is useful in bringing state-level bureaucrats closer to the village and helping citizens “see the state,” yet fails to offer a deliberative platform. The experimental audit meeting shows the limits of outside actors intervening in local politics when events spiral out of hand, creating chaos and disorder.
Caste, Class, and Audits
Authors: Veeraraghavan Rajesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow does the NREGA process unfold in a village that is deeply and historically divided by caste and class relations? The analysis in this chapter is based on a study of a large agricultural village that is sharply split in class and caste. The first section describes the sociopolitical context of the village, with a focus on how Dalits have been mobilizing to gain power that predated the introduction of NREGA, a phenomenon that was not just local to the village. The second section discusses how the implementation of NREGA further affects power relations in the village. It then shows how even in the context of entrenched social and economic boundaries, effective implementation of NREGA can improve circumstances for workers, extending beyond outcomes in NREGA to improving their bargaining power in relation to the dominant landowners and resulting in an overall increase in agricultural wages.
Conclusion
Authors: Veeraraghavan Rajesh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe book has argued that holding the state accountable requires a continuous series of responses that react to local implementation and information, a process of patching development. The process involves altering power equations through attention to the mundane minutiae of changes in institutions and technology, documents, and other implementation practices and procedures. Patching development is neither a purely technological process nor an exclusively administrative one. While each patch may have only limited local significance, the cumulative impact of continued engagement is transformative in fundamental ways and is more likely to lead to effective and just programs. The Conclusion underlines how the book’s analysis has challenged the way in which the development literature has traditionally interpreted and understood the use of digital technology, citizen participation, and government transparency.
Elizabeth’s and Caty’s Failed Escapes
Authors: Edwards Laura F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Only the Clothes on Her Back tells the history of law and commerce in the United States between the Revolution and the Civil War through textiles and the legal principles associated with them. Those principles existed not in statutes or treatises, but in social and cultural practices, commonly known then, but now long forgotten, which made textiles—clothing, cloth, bedding, and accessories—a form of property that people without rights could own and exchange. Law enabled people on the margins to use textiles not only as currency, credit, and capital, but also as the means of accessing the new republic’s governing institutions. That situation changed, as the federal system elevated the possession of rights over the principles associated with textiles. By the mid-nineteenth century, textiles no longer had the legal power they once had, a situation with profound implications given that most Americans’ claims to rights were uneven at best.
Roger Taney’s Long Underwear
Authors: Edwards Laura F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the institutional context of federalism in which the legal principles associated with textiles flourished. Following textiles, rather than the development of new institutions at the state and federal level, it reveals a layered federal system with many moving parts. New governing institutions at the state and federal level were built atop an inherited edifice from the colonial era, in which legal authority was widely dispersed among distinct jurisdictions, which included those at the county and municipal levels. Different bodies of law moved across these jurisdictions, where they operated simultaneously and occasionally merged. Law also included the social practices of ordinary people, who all expected to have a say in translating their customs into law. The resulting dynamics sustained the legal principles attached to textiles and their place within a federal system that was not neatly ordered or easily controlled by its elite leaders.
Margaret Ten Eyck’s Accounts
Authors: Edwards Laura F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Marginalized people accounted for the production of and trade in textiles with thick descriptions, in oral as well as written forms. This form of accounting might seem different from the record keeping of white male merchants, which tracked credits and debits in ledgers alphabetized by customers’ names. Both forms, however, were financial accounts, with legal implications. Marginalized people’s accounts followed the legal principles of textiles, which established ownership through relationships, not just to the material goods but also to the people who witnessed their production and trade. Those relationships then established credit, with the power to blunt other legal restrictions. For those without strong claims to rights or property, individual claims to property and power were only possible in the context of “we”—a community fashioned in part through the production and distribution of textiles.
Mrs. Harris’s Marriage
Authors: Edwards Laura F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As this chapter shows, the federal system that enabled people to make creative use of textiles’ legal principles also undermined them. Within this system, rights had advantages over the legal principles associated with textiles. They traveled over all federalism’s jurisdictions, local, state, and federal; the legal principles of textiles did not. No wonder, then, that activists focused on the extension of rights, to African American men as well as to women regardless of race. While necessary, the extension of rights only went so far. Not only did they reinforce the very inequalities they were supposed to ease, but they also moved the legal principles of textiles further away from the practice of law. The results left those with weak claims to rights without the power they used to have within the legal system.
Mary Todd Lincoln’s Old Clothes
Authors: Edwards Laura F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In 1867, Mary Todd Lincoln’s efforts to sell her wardrobe generated national outrage. Newspapers from coast to coast sneered at a former first lady so vulgar as to think anyone would want to buy her old clothes. As the conclusion shows, the ensuing drama illustrates the legal transformation of textiles and the remaking of the legal order more generally. Postwar legal changes solidified the negative connotations associated with the street trade. Selling secondhand clothing savored of slavery: it seemed like selling the body itself. Legal changes that extended rights to more of the population also made a market based in the legal principles associated with textiles seem outdated and unnecessary. As the case of Mary Todd Lincoln indicates, that form of emancipation had limits. Despite the wider distribution of rights, the economy and much of the law remained inaccessible to the vast majority of the population.