bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis and epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 in first wave among different states of India
Authors: Kaushik Rakesh , Nikita  , Rishabh  , Lugani Yogita , Lata Suman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread worldwide, and various governments are attempting to control the disease's spread before it becomes a global health crisis. Data from 28 Indian states and 8 Union Territories (UTs) provide a detailed look at the transmission pathways and case fatality rate (CFR) of the SARS-CoV-2. Among the global data, India was found to be the third country with the highest mortality cases of 157K, and Maharashtra was having the most higher number of mortality cases followed by Tamil Nadu and others. The percent distribution of CFR calculated in each geographical zone of India i.e. Central, Eastern, North Eastern and Northern, Southern and Western zone were 17%, 14%, 7%, 22%, 12%, and 28%, respectively. Furthermore, the CFR was calculated at different periods of the month using a standard formula. The CFR was significantly higher (P<0.01) in April to June of 2020. CFR was significantly different (P<0.01) depending on the month. Moreover, CFR was compared in different zones in India, western zone showed the highest CFR as compared to other zones. The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in patients of various ages and co-morbidities. Patients >21 years had the highest age-specific positivity rate. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 patients in acute and chronic disease was 12.87 and 87.13 percent, respectively. Thus, this analytical epidemiological study serves specifically in establishing a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and other precipitating factors causing morbidity and mortality during the given time frame in the first wave, in the year 2020.
Profile genome-wide DNA methylation of human granulosa cells in primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Wang Lina , Gu Baoxia , Zhao Yan , Lu Cuiling , Hu Yahui , Ma Rui , Yin Baoli , Zhang Cuilian , Gao Huafang , Zhen Xiumei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Premature ovarian failure which leads to loss of fertility and low level of estrogen have serlously affected women's physical and mental health, especially, women of child-bearing age. The etiology remains unclear. DNA methylation, as a key epigenetic modification might play an importan role in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). We explore the whole DNA methylation of POI by whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), and find the pattern of DNA methylation in POI and analyze the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) genes related POI.
Methods
According to clinical and experimental standards, follicular fluid samples were collected from three women with POI and three women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Ovarian granulosa cells were purified from each follicular fluid sample. Whole genomic DNA methylation sequencing of the granulosa cells was performed by WGBS.
Results
We obtained whole-genome methylation maps of human granulosa cells. The average percentages of methylated cytosines in CG contexts exceeded 99%, in CHG and CHH contexts was less than 1%. The average methylation level in CG was about 80%, in CHG and CHH was less than 0.4%. there was no significant difference in CpG methylation level between NOR and POI. But there were DMRs between two groups. Distribution of DMRs was enriched in promoter and exon. Differentially methylated genes were used to perform Gene ontology(GO) analysis and enriched in GO items of cellular process, biological regulation, metabolic process, developmental process,binding and catalytic activities.
Conclusion
DNA methylation plays a critical role in POI and serve as resources for further investigation in the future.
Sediment Yield Modelling and Soil Erosion Hotspot Area Identification
Authors: Sime Chala Hailu , Abebe Wondmagegn Taye 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sediment movement is the most critical problem in Ethiopia, notably in the Ketar river watershed, which is located in the Rift Valley Basin. The Ketar River flows through rugged terrain with steep slopes and high sediment movement. The purpose of this research is to check Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in simulating sediment yield and to identify soil erosion-prone sites. The SWAT model sediment simulation performance was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), with R2 and NSE values of 0.69 and 0.55 for calibration and 0.73 and 0.51 for validation, respectively using SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (SWAT-CUP). The sub-basins located at the upstream of the watershed have a high sediment yield rate. The sediment-prone area sub-basins have steep slopes and were mostly covered by cultivated land. Annual sediment yield from cultivated land was approximately 1872.12 t/y, while grass land with moderately cultivated yield was 171.45 t/y. Woodland and forest land have less soil erosion rate. The sub-basin highly covered by Eutric nitisols is found at very high soil erosion prone area. Sediment yield from a slight slope is almost zero, whereas sediment yield from steep and very steep slopes was very high. The slope of the sub-basin is an important factor in determining sediment yield, followed by land cover and soil types. The very high sediment yield rate area accounted for 39.64% of the total sub-basin.
Perception and Practice of shade selection principles among Post graduates and Dental practitioners in India: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Basam Ram Chowdary , Tammineedi Sravanthi , Bolla Nagesh , Vemuri Sayesh , Sunil Chukka Ram , Basam Lakshman Chowdary , Bandaru Yamini , BS Anila 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesMain purpose of present survey is to analyze the perception and practice of shade selection principles among postgraduates and dental practitioners in India.MethodsA well-formulated questionnaire consisting a total of 25 questions was disseminated among the postgraduates (Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Prosthodontics, Pedodontics) general practitioners, specialist practitioners (Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Prosthodontics, Pedodontics). The questionnaire includes knowledge and practice about shade selection principles and techniques. A total of 530 replies were accepted over google forms. Responses were obtained from 266 postgraduates, 176 specialist practitioners, 88 general practitioners. Data was analyzed in SPSS V25. Descriptive statistics were represented with percentages. Chi-square test, Fisher Exact test were utilized to find the association between level of knowledge and level of practice with demographic variables. (P < 0.05)ResultsAmong 530 respondents, 412(77.7%) have poor/average knowledge and 118(22.3%) have good knowledge of shade matching principles. 418(78.9%) respondents utilized poor/average practices on shade matching. 112(21.1%) respondents utilized good methods of practice on shade selection.ConclusionAmongst specialist practitioners, postgraduates, and general practitioners, the specialist practitioners had satisfactory knowledge and practices on shade selection. Knowledge and practice regarding the shade matching principles among the dentists were not adequate and CDE programs on principles of shade analysis are recommended to regularly update the knowledge among the dental practitioners.Clinical RelevanceKnowledge and practice regarding the shade matching principles play pivotal role for success of esthetic restorations.
Quantification Performance of a Gradual Point Spread Function Reconstruction Approach for Task-Based Optimization of Positron Emission Tomography Data
Authors: Joshi Nandita , Mikhno Arthur , Angelini Elsa , Slifstein Mark , Huang Chuan , Vaska Paul , Weise Steve , Fakhri Georges El , Parsey Ramin V. , DeLorenzo Christine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE
This study proposes a novel Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) based positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction approach, designed to provide improved signal recovery, specifically in small structures. This proposed technique, termed GPSF-MLEM, utilizes a gradually decreasing full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) point spread function (PSF), designed to yield increased spatial details in progressing iterations when measured and estimated projection data are in closer consensus.
METHODS
GPSF-MLEM was compared with the analytical filtered back projection (FBP) and the iterative reconstruction techniques of standard MLEM and PSF incorporated into MLEM (PSF-MLEM). Simulated phantoms as well as cylindrical and brain phantoms were used to evaluate performance, contrast recovery and for visual assessment of image quality. The performance of GPSF-MLEM and PSF-MLEM with various FWHM kernel sizes was also investigated. This work presents evidence that the choice of reconstruction technique and parameters for the best quantification of reconstructed PET images should be based on the purpose (task-based optimization).
RESULTS
Quantitatively, across all reconstructions tested, the image intensity estimated using GPSF-MLEM terminated at an intermediate FWHM was in closest agreement to the raw image intensity in the simulated phantom. Qualitative analysis of reconstructed images with physical phantoms suggested that irrespective of the FWHM at the terminal iteration, GPSF-MLEM provided robust image contrast and increased suppression of background hotspot artifacts compared to MLEM and PSF-MLEM. Further, across all FWHM combinations tested, GPSF-MLEM yielded fewer artifacts inherent to PSF-MLEM images reconstructed with an overestimated FWHM.
CONCLUSIONS
Emphasizing common task scenarios frequently encountered in medical imaging: A) GPSF-MLEM is recommended for tasks requiring a low background noise; B) PSF-MLEM is recommended for tasks that require good image segmentation; C) GPSF-MLEM with a larger terminal FWHM is recommended for obtaining high contrast recovery in small image structures.
Correlation between accuracy in computer guided implantology and peri-implant tissue stability: a prospective clinical and radiological pilot study
Authors: Poli Pier Paolo , Manfredini Mattia , Maiorana Carlo , Beretta Mario 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background there is very little scientific evidence in the literature regarding the correlation between accuracy and peri-implant health. Consequently, the present pilot study was designed to fill this gap in the literature, hypothesizing a possible correlation between lack of accuracy in implant placement and deterioration of peri-implant hard and soft tissue health.Materials and Methods a total of 5 male and female patients were enrolled. Patients underwent computer-guided implant surgery and full arch immediate load between 2013 and 2014. After a follow-up of 5 years, all patients treated with the computer-guided implant placement technique and undergoing evaluation of the accuracy of computer-guided implant placement by postoperative CBCT were recalled for a clinical-radiographic evaluation of peri-implant health status. Accuracy of implant placement was then related to peri-implant hard and soft tissue health variables such as marginal bone resorption, amount of keratinized tissue, recession and plaque and bleeding.Results Mean linear deviation was 0.57 ± 0.23 mm at implant head and 0.69 ± 0.26 mm at implant apex, while mean angular deviation of the long axis was 2.88° ± 1.22°. A mean MBL of 1.16 ± 0.94 mm and 2.01 ± 1.76 mm was observed after 1 and 5 years of follow-up, respectively. At 5 years, mean PPD was 4.09 ± 1.44 mm, 66.6% of the evaluated implants showed BOP, KM was < 2 mm in 48.4% of cases, REC ≥ 1 mm was assessed in 45.4% of the included implants, plaque accumulation occurred in 66.6% of cases. A negative correlation was observed between bucco-palatal/lingual linear inaccuracy and MBL, PPD, BOP and KM.Conclusions with the limit of a pilot study, it can be observed that the accuracy of computer-guided implant surgery as described here, obtained satisfactory results. A reduction in accuracy leading to the placement of an implant in an excessively vestibular position may be the cause of peri-implant hard and soft tissue suffering in terms of marginal bone resorption, amount of keratinized mucosa and bleeding on probing.
Analysis of Age, Period, and Birth Cohort Effects on Suicide Mortality in Brazil and the Five Major Geographic Regions
Authors: Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , Silva Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Estimate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on suicide mortality in Brazil and by major geographic region in the overall population and by sex.Methods: This was a time trend ecological study. National and regional suicide mortality data from 1981 to 2015 were analyzed for the overall population and by sex. Age, period, and cohort effects were calculated with a Poisson regression model, using estimable functions with the Epi package of the R statistical program, version 3.4.3.Results: Except for the North of Brazil and the female population in the Central-West region, the model that best fits the data was the complete model, following by the age-period model in most of the analyses.Conclusions: Suicide mortality rates have shown an upward trend with advancing age in the Brazilian population, in both men and women. However, the behavior of the period effect and cohort has depended on the population analyzed and regional distribution.
Machine Learning Based Prediction of Emergency Neurosurgery within 24 hours after Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Moyer Jean-Denis , Lee Patrick , Bernard Charles , Henry Lois , Lang Elodie , Cook Fabrice , Planquart Fanny , Boutonnet Mathieu , Harrois Anatole , Gauss Tobias , Group Traumabase 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Rapid referral of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients requiring emergency neurosurgery to a specialized trauma center can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, no model has been reported to predict the need for acute neurosurgery in severe to moderate TBI patients. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Machine Learning based models to establish to predict the need for neurosurgery procedure within 24 hours after moderate to severe TBI.Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study using data from a national trauma registry (Traumabase®) from November 2011 to December 2020. Inclusion criteria correspond to patients over 18 years old with moderate or severe TBI (Glasgow coma score ≤ 12) during prehospital assessment. Patients who died within the first 24 hours after hospital admission and secondary transfers were excluded. The population was divided into a train set (80% of patients) and a test set (20% of patients). Several approaches were used to define the best prognostic model (linear nearest neighbor or ensemble model). The Shapley Value was used to identify the most relevant pre-hospital variables for prediction. Results: 2159 patients were included in the study. 914 patients (42%) required neurosurgical intervention within 24 hours. The population was predominantly male (77%), young (median age 35 years [IQR 24-52]) with severe head injury (median GCS: 6 [3-9]). Based on the evaluation of the predictive model on the test set, the logistic regression model had an AUC of 0.76. The best predictive model was obtained with the CatBoost technique (AUC: 0.81). According to the Shapley values method, the most predictive variables in the CatBoost were a low initial Glasgow coma score, the regression of pupillary abnormality after osmotherapy, a high blood pressure and a low heart rate. Conclusion: Machine learning based models could predict the need for emergency neurosurgery within 24 hours after moderate and severe head injury. Potential clinical benefits of such models as a decision-making tool deserve further assessment. The performance in real-life setting and the impact on clinical decision making of the model should be evaluated in prospective studies.
Optimized deep learning model for spatio-temporal detection and localization of object removal video forgery with multiple feature extraction
Authors: Ch Lakshmi Kumari , K.V PRASAD 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Video forgery (VF) is an approach for manipulating the fake videos by modifying, coordinating or generating new contents among the video sequence. The identification of this type of video forgery is complex. For extracting multiple features, developing a novel approach still remains major challenge in this area. In this work, an optimized deep learning (DL) model for the video forgery detection (VFD) and localization with multiple feature extraction is proposed. Initially, key-frame extraction takes place with the aid of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to extract frames from the forged videos. Then, pre-processing stage is manipulated for the conversion of RGB frame into grayscale image. To study the nature of the forged videos, there is a need of extracting multi-features from the pre-processed frames. In our proposed study, SURF, PCA-HOG, MBFDF, COA and PRG features are extracted. The dataset used for proposed work is collected from REWIND of about 80 forged and authenticated videos. With the help of DL approach, video forgery can be detected and localized. Thus, this research mainly focus on the detection and localization of forged video based on ResNet152V2 model hybrid with Bi-GRU to attain the maximum accuracy and efficiency. The performance of this model is finally compared with existing approachesin terms of accuracy, precision, F-measure, sensitivity, specificity, FNR, FDR, FPR, MCC and NPV. The proposed methodology assures the performance of96.17% accuracy, 96% precision, 96.14% F-measure, 96.58% sensitivity, 96.5% specificity, 0.034 FNR, 0.04 FDR, 0.034 FPR, 0.92 MCC, 96% NPV respectively. Along with is, the mean square error (MSE) and peak-to-signal-noise ratio (PSNR) for GMM model attained about 104 and 27.95 respectively.
The prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome according to different definitions in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study, 2012-2015
Authors: Huang Yilin , Zhang Linfeng , Wang Zengwu , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Shao Lan , Tian Ye , Zheng Congying , Chen Lu , Zhou Haoqi , Cao Xue , Tian Yixin , Gao Runlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of signs of metabolic disturbance and has caused a huge burden on the health system. The study aims to explore the prevalence and characteristics of MetS defined by different criteria in the Chinese population.Methods: Using the data of the China Hypertension Survey (CHS), a nationally representative cross-sectional study from October 2012 to December 2015, a total of 28717 participants aged 35 years and above were included in the analysis. The MetS definitions of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the updated US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (the revised ATP III), and the Joint Committee for Developing Chinese Guidelines (JCDCG) on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults were used. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with MetS.Results: The prevalence of MetS diagnosed according to the definitions of IDF, the revised ATP III, and JCCDS was 26.4%, 32.3%, and 21.5%, respectively. The MetS prevalence in men was lower than in women by IDF definition (22.2% vs. 30.3%) and by the revised ATP III definition (29.2% vs. 35.4%), but the opposite was true by JCDCG (24.4%vs 18.5%) definition. The consistency between the three definitions for men and the revised ATP III definition and IDF definition for women was relatively good, with kappa values ranging from 0.77 to 0.89, but the consistency between the JCDF definition and IDF definition (kappa = 0.58) and revised ATP III definition (kappa = 0.58) was poor. Multivariable logistic regression showed that area, age, education, smoking, alcohol use, and family history of cardiovascular disease were factors related to MetS, but the effects and correlation intensity of these factors varied with gender and definition.Conclusions: The prevalence and characteristics of the MetS vary according to the definition used in the Chinese population. The three MetS definitions are more consistent in men but relatively poor in women. On the other hand, regardless of the definition used, metabolic syndrome is common in China, so it is necessary to take targeted measures to reduce its harm.
The Lived Experiences and Perceptions of Herbal and Facility-based Treatment of COVID- 19 in Uganda
Authors: Fleitz theresa , Mushibi Geofrey Samukulu , muzyamba choolwe , Makova Ogylive 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The onset of COVID-19 has led to people adopting either facility-based care or herbal medication. The Ugandan government allowed for this two-tier system of care, yet little is known as to why people during the COVID-19 choose the type of care that they do. There is also little known regarding the actual lived experiences of the people that choose facility-based treatment or herbal care. There is lack of evidence to understand the complex choices and experiences of people adopting either of the two options during COVID-19 crises in Uganda. This study attempts to fill this gap by investigating people’s experiences with choosing either facility-based treatment or herbal treatment. Understanding factors that drive the usage, fears, and trust of the population in different treatment options is necessary for the adoption of effective policy.
Methods
A qualitative study with a sample size of 333 was used for this study. Thematic analysis with the help of the Social Representation Theory (SRT) provided the basis of analysis.
Results
We set out to investigate people’s experiences and views regarding why they choose either facility or herbal based treatment against COVID-19. With the help of the SRT, the study showed that easy accessibility, affordability, trust in traditional knowledge and the official authorization of Covidex as factors leading to a positive perception of herbal treatments. On the other hand, the lack of regulation and a clear dosage as well as international recognition were found to create a negative perception of herbal treatment. Regarding facility-based treatment, the trust in the scientific development, regulation and international authorization as well as in the medical personnel could be identified as the main factors leading to a positive perception. The negative perception of facility-based treatment was mostly created based on the fear of side effects, the contraction of COVID-19 in the health facilities as well as the low accessibility and high costs.
Conclusion
Ultimately, our study provides evidence of how each type of treatment produces complex experiences among the population. Thus, this study defies any binary notions of “either good or bad” regarding the two types of treatment. Rather, our evidence shows the complexity in pull and push factors regarding the adoption of any of the two options. This means any policy on improving treatment of COVI-19 in Uganda must pay particular attention to how these factors interplay and interrelate.