bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satire ou apologie du terrorisme, peut-on rire de tout ?
Authors: Berrendorf Alyson , Midrez Lydia , Monaco Louna 
Published: June 2022

Dans l’arrêt Z.B. c. France du 2 septembre 2021, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a conclu à l’absence de violation de l’article 10 de la Convention. Le requérant se plaignait d’une ingérence injustifiée dans son droit à la liberté d’expression du fait d’avoir été condamné pour apologie de crimes d’atteintes volontaires à la vie pour avoir offert à son neveu de trois ans un t-shirt avec les inscriptions « je suis une bombe » et « Jihad, né le 11 septembre », qu’il porta dans l’enceinte de l’école en septembre 2012. Selon la Cour, le requérant ne pouvait se prévaloir d’une simple plaisanterie, et ne pouvait non plus ignorer la résonance particulière qu’allaient impliquer de telles inscriptions dans l’enceinte d’une école, surtout vu le contexte terroriste qui régnait au moment des faits. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’analyser le raisonnement de la Cour lorsqu’elle a conclu que la France a fait un usage adéquat de sa marge d’appréciation. Une attention particulière sera portée aux critères développés par la Cour afin d’apprécier la nécessité de l’ingérence et de nuancer son constat.
« A Case of Mistaken Identity? » : Une étude de cas comme technique innovante d’enseignement-apprentissage de l’anglais de spécialité
Authors: Lyu Evgueniya 
Published: June 2022

Sur la base des quatre caractéristiques de l’innovation pédagogique (Lacroix et Potvin), l’enseignement‑apprentissage par études de cas peut être défini comme une technique pédagogique innovante dans le cadre de l’enseignement de l’anglais de spécialité et des langues de spécialité en général. En outre, l’intégration des études de cas dans les cours de langues de spécialité, une innovation en soi, suppose quasi systématiquement l’activation de quatre éléments pédagogiques innovants supplémentaires : la possibilité de recourir à des jeux de rôle, l’incorporation du travail collaboratif, l’apprentissage pour l’avenir et l’apprentissage socio-constructiviste. Dans ce texte, nous examinons comment l’enseignement‑apprentissage par études de cas peut être mis en place afin d’enseigner l’anglais pour psychologues et comment il peut influencer la motivation des étudiants à l’apprendre. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’une étude de cas existante qui fut adaptée et modifiée pour répondre aux besoins de nos étudiants et, surtout, pour participer au développement de leurs compétences langagières et transversales.
Construction d’un espace pluridimensionnel pour l’apprentissage du français sur objectifs universitaires
Authors: Delorme Vera 
Published: June 2022

Cette contribution propose une étude d’un dispositif d’enseignement du français sur objectifs universitaires à distance, plus précisément par visioconférence. L’objectif de cette contribution est de mettre en lumière, à travers l’analyse du contenu des productions orales et des interactions verbales des étudiants, la façon dont ces derniers s’adaptent aux spécificités de l’interaction par visioconférence dans le cadre de réalisation d’une tâche spécifique de l’exposé oral. En nous intéressant en particulier à l’engagement des apprenants, nous avons pu observer que celui-ci se réalise par la construction des espaces discursifs partagés. Les résultats préliminaires permettent de supposer une relation possible entre les spécificités du contexte – celui de la visioconférence et celui de l’exposé oral – et l’implication des étudiants.
Effect of Land Ownership on Farmers' Mental Health, Suicidal Ideation, and Resilience
Authors: Mehra Arvind , Gupta Tamanna , Behmani Rakesh Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
The impact of land ownership on mental health, suicidal ideation, and resilience of farmers is very big nowadays. The impact is raised when the farmer has no land and compels to farming on leasehold land. Hence, the present study was aimed to find the relationship between three groups of farmers on the dimensions of mental health, suicidal ideation, and resilience.

Methods:
This study is based on the primary data that have been collected from the Western Zone of Haryana state. The sample comprising 375 farmers with a minimum education of 10th was selected. They were further divided into three different groups such as landless farmers (farming on leasehold lands), farmers with 1–9-acre land, and farmers with > 9-acre land. Goldberg and Hillier's General Health Questionnaire-28, Wagnild and Young's Resilience Scale, and Reynolds' Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire were used for data collection. Moreover, for analysis, product-moment correlation and one-way ANOVA were used.

Results:
Using intercorrelation and ANOVA, it was found that there is a significant difference between the three groups of farmers on different dimensions of mental health (P < 0.01), suicidal ideation (P < 0.01), and resilience (P < 0.01). Mean and statistical differences were found between the three groups of farmers. Farmers, who are farming on leasehold land, show more somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, severe depression, and suicidal ideation. On the other hand, farmers who have above 9-acre land scored highest on the scale of resilience and social dysfunction. Hence, it is recommended that the farmers who are farming on leasehold land may have to consider the possibility of recruiting qualified counselors.
High school basic life support training
Authors: Sanati Ali , Jaberi Ali Ansari , Bonabi Tayebeh Negahban 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Although basic life support (BLS) has been taught in school by a variety of professionals, it is still unclear that, whether the instructor's previous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) experience is an important factor. This study aimed to compare the effect of BLS training, based on trainer experience in actual situations, on knowledge and skills of secondary high school students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this randomized controlled trial, 150 high school students were selected based on the inclusion criteria and then assigned into two groups, (76 in Group A), and (74 in Group B) randomly. Both groups were trained according to adult BLS: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines on mannequins in three 60 min in-person training sessions. The knowledge and skill scores were measured for both groups before, immediately, and 1 month after intervention by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 22, using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, repeated-measure ANOVA tests, and statistically modeling at a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS:
There were no significant differences between groups regarding demographic characteristics. The knowledge and skill scores in both groups increased significantly compared to baseline immediately and 1 month after the intervention (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge scores between groups (P = 0.076(. However, at the immediacy and 1 month after the intervention, the skill score in “Group A” was significantly higher than the “Group B” (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The trainer's experience of CPR in the actual setting in the transfer of BLS knowledge is not important, but it improved Student's BSL skill acquisition score.
Social and behavioral determinants of early childhood caries
Authors: Chhabra Chaya , Sogi H. P. Suma , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Rana Swati , Gupta Sarudhir , Sharma Priyanka 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Early childhood caries is like an epidemic, especially in the developing world, hence exploring its appropriate factors in causing the disease the need of the hour. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate social and behavioral determinants of early childhood caries within the region of Ambala, Haryana.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present survey elaborated oral examination among 398 study participants within the age group of 4–5 years. Carious tooth was recorded using Gruebbel's deft DEFT index using clean mouth mirror and probe. A questionnaire comprising 21 questions in English as well as Hindi was prepared. There was an interviewer who took the interview of parents or caregivers. The questionnaire consisted of questions which were aimed at gaining information regarding infants feeding practice, social factors, and dental health behavior. The results of the study were tabulated, and inferential statistics were applied using ANOVA test along with regression (multiple logistic) procedure.

RESULTS:
The occurrence of caries was affected by the behavioral factors such as breastfeeding habits, bottle feeding habits, age of beginning of solid foods in children. There was no influence of age of beginning of taking fluid from cup. Besides social factors like annual family income, education of mothers, age of mother at the time of birth of children, age of children, order of children in the family had a significant effect over the occurrence and severity and extent of caries. Factors such as gender of children and profession of mother did not have had a significant role in early childhood caries. Dental health habits such as tooth brushing frequency, brushing under supervision, frequency of toothbrushing, quantity of toothpaste used had a significant effect over the frequency, and acerbity of caries in early infanthood.

CONCLUSION:
It can be concluded from this study that there is a significant correlation between several social and behavioral determinants and early childhood caries.
Factors associated and knowledge on road traffic accidents, rules among private university students in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vijayakrishnan G. , Priyadharshini P. , Ramraj Balaji , Anantharaman V. V. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are an emerging public health issue of global concern causing 1.35 million deaths per year. They are the leading cause of death among 5–29 years who contribute to the future and current productive population of the country. The outcome of mortality and permanent disability are public health concerns. We determined the factors associated with RTAs among medical undergraduates and assessed their knowledge of road traffic rules.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study had 500 medical undergraduates from a tertiary hospital located in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. Data were collected using questions from “Road safety question bank” issued by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India, sent as Google forms to students. Descriptive statistics were used and multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with RTAs.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the students was 21.4 (standard deviation = 1.7) years. About 30.4% of students suffered from RTAs in the past 2 years. Practice of drunken driving and mobile phone usage showed significant association with RTA occurrence (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that students crossing speed limits and jumping signals had 3.19 and 2.04 times more risk of sustaining RTAs. Seventy-five percent of students had good knowledge on road traffic rules.

CONCLUSION:
Nearly half the subjects have suffered RTA in the past 2 years. Students who over speed, jumped signals and used mobile phones while driving sustained more RTAs. Overall, road traffic rules knowledge was satisfactory. Students need education on risky driving behaviors and aftermath of crashes.
Learning gain in web (internet) sourced seminars versus textbook sourced seminars in postgraduate medical students
Authors: Jawade Sugat A. , Waghmare Lalit S. , Madke Bhushan S. , Singh Adarshlata B. , Jawade Swapna S. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
In the past, textbook or printed material was the only source of information for medical students or post-graduate students. After the introduction of internet, knowledge can be accessed easily which is updated with various aids such as animation, videos which improve the learning efficiency. This study was conducted to compare the learning efficiency between textbook-based seminar to that of internet-based seminar in postgraduate students of the department of dermatology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a non-randamized controlled study. The postgraduate students in the department of dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical college, DMIMS(DU),Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India were divided into two equal groups by simple randomization method by flipping the coin. Totally 20 seminar topics were divided into two groups (A and B) consisting of 10 seminars in each group. Postgraduate students assigned in group A were asked to prepare seminar solely from textbooks while in group B, students were asked to prepare seminar by referring internet. Feedback form which consists of 7 points, i.e. appearance, completeness of preparation, clarity of presentation, appropriate use of audio visual aids, understanding of subject, ability to answer questions, and overall performance were filled up from faculties and postgraduate students after completion of each seminar. Pretest and post-test were filled up from postgraduate students before and after each seminar respectively. Learning gain was calculated by comparing the scores of pretest and posttest. Paired t-test was used to compare results in the group and unpaired t-test was used to compare results between the two groups.

RESULTS:
Faculties' feedback on overall performance was higher (4.59 ± 0.15) in web-based seminars as compared to in textbook-based seminars (3.85 ± 0.1) with significant P = 0.008. Furthermore, postgraduate students' feedback showed statistical significant value of 0.02 in web-based seminars (4.65 ± 0.06) compared to textbook-based seminars (3.2 ± 0.06). Learning gain was significantly higher in web-based seminar compared to textbook-based seminar with P = 0.02.

CONCLUSION:
It can be concluded that web-based learning can improve the learning efficiency in postgraduate medical students.
The quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness and their association with quality of school life and school achievement among students
Authors: Ahmadi Zahra , Omidvar Shabnam 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Sleep quality is an important factor in adolescents' health; physical as well as psychological. The aim of this study was to determine sleep quality and daytime sleepiness and their effect on the quality of school life (QSL) and achievement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in high schools. The data collection was done on a random sample of 500 students from 15 to 19 years. The questionnaires included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to measure daytime sleepiness as well as QSL. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25. Linear and logistic regressions were used to obtain adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios as well as predictors.

RESULTS:
The mean PSQI score was 6.2 ± 2.4. It was realized that 377 participants (75.4%) were poor sleepers; 6.2% had excessive daytime sleepiness. There was a significant association between age and quality of sleep (P < 0.04). No association between gender and quality of sleep or between the quality of sleep and school achievement was found. Linear regression exhibited a significant relationship between the quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness (β = 0.218; t = 4.982, P = 0.000). There was a significant, inverse correlation between sleepiness and the total score of QSL (P = 0.000). Stepwise linear regression analysis exhibited that daytime sleepiness (P = 0.002) and school achievement (P = 0.001) were predictors of QSL.

CONCLUSION:
According to the study results, sleepiness affects school performance and QSL, and on the other hand, daytime sleepiness is under the effect of sleep quality.
Is ignorance of the weekly iron and folic acid scheme among adolescents the deciding factor for its suboptimal utilization and ineffectiveness? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bali Surya , Alok Yash 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Targeting the huge burden of adolescent anemia, the Weekly Iron and Folic acid Supplementation (WIFS) was launched by the Government of India. Few studies have been done to assess the effective functioning of the program since its inception. The present study was done to assess the knowledge WIFS among adolescents of Madhya Pradesh and the associated factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was done in a total of six districts (3 districts where the national adolescent program was implemented and 3 districts where it was not) of Madhya Pradesh. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used for the enrollment of 3213 adolescent boys and girls, and a prestructured and validated tool was used to collect paperless data. Ethical approval and consent from the participants were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v21.

RESULTS:
It was observed that the knowledge of WIFS was more among adolescent girls (29.3%) as compared to adolescent boys (14.1%). More of the adolescent girls received Iron and folic acid tablets as compared to adolescent boys (60.8% girls vs. 24.1% boys). Mostly, the adolescents got Iron tablets from school followed by Anganwadi and PHC/CHC. Girls, rural location, literacy, below poverty line status, knowledge of anemia, adolescents who got iron and albendazole tablets, and adequate consumption of iron tablets (>4) were associated with higher knowledge of WIFS.

CONCLUSION:
The knowledge of WIFS was found to be less in adolescent boys. There is a hint of the fact that effective execution of the program among its beneficiaries leads to an automatic increased knowledge of the program, at least among the beneficiaries. Thus, an indirect but significant indirect finding is that the nationwide WIFS program needs to be put to greater focus among the adolescent boys, apart from its major focus on the female gender among most age groups.
Investigating the professional identity and resilience in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jafarianamiri Seyedeh Roghayeh , Qalehsari Mojtaba Qanbari , Zabihi Ali 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Professional identity includes the values and beliefs of a nurse that guide her thinking, action, and interaction with patients. The stressful conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected nursing students' resilience and attitudes toward their profession. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the professional identity and resilience in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in November and December 2020 with the participation of all nursing students of Babol University of Medical Sciences who spent at least one semester of internship in a hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and nursing students' professional identity scale. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and correlation tests at a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS:
Nursing students in the 3rd, 5th, and 7th semesters have spent a minimum of 13 and a maximum of 151 days of internship during the pandemic period. The mean score of professional identity of nursing students was 61.86 ± 9.34 and their mean resilience score was 32.08 ± 13.54. The resilience score of 92% of students was below 50. Professional identity was significantly stronger, and resilience was considerably higher in students who were satisfied with their profession and lived with their families (P < 0.05). In other words, students with higher professional identity scores had higher resilience (r = 0.39, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSION:
Despite a good professional identity score, the resilience of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic is low. Therefore, professors and the clinical education system should provide more support for students in such stressful times as the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Online viva voce as a formative assessment method in forensic medicine during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kumar G. N. Pramod , Urs A. N. Roopa , Undi Malatesh , Bakkannavar Shankar M. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Conducting online classes and assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic is not without challenges. The world of medical education is adapting online training and assessment because of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The present study was conducted to assess the students' perception regarding the process, difficulties encountered and perceived effectiveness of online assessment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Online viva-voce (theory and visual based) was conducted in a government medical college in Karwar, Karnataka, India using videoconferencing application (Google Meet) to 149 second MBBS students as a formative assessment in 2020 over 3 months. Ten students per day joined Google Meet, 10 questions were asked to each student and assessed using a tutor marking system (on-spot). A feedback questionnaire (Google Form) was administered to students who attended online Viva-Voce. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Student's t-test).

RESULTS:
Out of 149 students, 132 participated and responded to a feedback questionnaire. Majority of the participants (91%) agreed that questions covered all topics kept for viva, 82% of them felt it would be helpful for performance in final examinations. Thirty percent of students faced network issues at their places, 45% felt nervous while facing viva in the presence of other students and 35% of participants preferred online methods over traditional viva voce. Online viva voce can be transparent (90%) and less biased (88%) if done in structured format.

CONCLUSION:
Online viva-voce may become relevant and effective in medical education assessment with transparent marking system for students' performance.
Three-way summaries as a teaching–learning tool
Authors: Chauhan Alpesh K. , Khakhkhar Tejas M. , Khuteta Neelesh R. , Khilnani Gurudas D. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
“Three-way summaries” (TWS) are a teaching–learning tool in which students respond to a question or topic inquiry by three different summaries (10–15 words, 30–50 words, and 75–100 words). The aim of this study was to introduce TWS, to establish its impact on learning retention, and to identify students' perception for TWS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was an educational interventional study. It was carried out in two randomly allocated groups, Group A having TWS as intervention and Group B without TWS, followed by crossover of the groups. Participants were assessed using two multiple choice question (MCQ) tests, ten marks each (one immediately and second after 1 week) during both phases. Students' perception regarding TWS was assessed by questionnaire using Likert scale. Statistical analysis was done by two-tailed independent t-test.

RESULTS:
Both groups' performance deteriorate after 1 week, but it was affected more in Group B without TWS (4.85 ± 1.89–4.70 ± 2.05, P = 0.05) as compared to Group A with TWS (5.30 ± 1.81–4.63 ± 1.90, P = 0.69). While in second phase, performance of the Group B with TWS improved more significantly (5.92 ± 2.24–6.83 ± 2.21, P = 0.04) in comparison with Group A without TWS (4.96 ± 1.89–5.66 ± 2.35, P = 0.09). Most of the students liked TWS as an educational tool using Likert scale (72%–86% agreeing and strongly agreeing).

CONCLUSIONS:
TWS is highly acceptable teaching–learning tool which improves learning retention.