bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field test and numerical modeling of the practicability of sonic crystal acoustic barriers
Authors: Qin Xiao-chun , NI An-chen , CHEN Zheng-Hao , FANG Meng-Jie , LI Yan-hua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The rapid development of highway traffic has gradually deteriorated the acoustic environment along highways. Sonic crystal theory provides new ideas for traffic noise control. However, current road noise reduction methods based on sonic crystals are still at the theoretical analysis stage, and the lack of reliable calculation models and field test verifications has restricted the promotion and application of sonic crystal acoustic barriers (SCABs). Based on the acoustic performance design of SCABs, in this study, a field test was conducted to study the noise reduction characteristics of SCABs; the corresponding 3D finite element method (FEM) model was established and validated; and three types of optimization measures for noise reduction performance were explored. The main conclusions were as follows: Compared with traditional acoustic barriers along highways, SCABs are more targeted for noise reduction, and the noise reduction performance in the band gap is improved by 0.3-8.8 dB(A). Moreover, as the distance increases behind the acoustic barriers, the noise reduction effect decreases more slowly. The 3D FEM model can accurately describe the spatial characteristics of the sound field and shows agreement with the field test results, with an error of less than 3 dB(A). Compared with the 2D FEM model, the 3D FEM model can accurately calculate the noise reduction performance of an SCAB with resonant elements. Additionally, the gradient combination of scatterers, the filling of porous sound-absorbing materials and the use of microperforated plates can effectively improve the SCAB noise reduction performance. The results provide scientific and reliable experimental support and design guidance for the popularization and application of SCABs in traffic noise control.
Topographic attributes to map land use capability of soils derived from basalt
Authors: Oliveira Jairo Calderari , Mucha Nadia Mariane , Rodrigues Miriam Fernanda , Pellegrini André , Souza Luiz Claudio Paula 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Subtropical soils derived from basalt covers an area of 1.5 x 106 km2 intensively used for agriculture in South America. There is little information about such soils on a scale compatible with the planning of watersheds. This study has the aim to use topographic attributes to generate soil maps on a semi-detailed scale and elaborate land suitability maps. The study was carried out in a watershed in southern Brazil under a subtropical climate, and soils derived from basalt. A total of 129 points were morphologically described and 17 representative soil class profiles were sampled for laboratory analysis. Areas that should be destined for conservation had the lowest mean for AACN index indicating the proximity of the water table to the surface and the mean MrVBF value above 2. The TWI value higher than 10 was associated with Gleysol. The Regosol were situated in step relief, with the highest mean of LS Factor. Ferralsol and Nitisol were separated with 10 < AACN > 20 and MrRTF > 0.5, associated to flatter and higher areas. Nitisol was the predominant class, occupying 60.78% of the total area, while in previous maps it was identified in 14.94% of the watershed area. Land use beyond its capacity was identified in 31.15% of the Regosol while for the Gleysol this occurs in 38.10%. The farmers use areas of low suitability or with high potential for degradation for agricultural activities, being 2647.29 ha used above the land use capacity in the Lontra river watershed.
Voltage Regulation of DC-DC Boost Converter With Input Filter Hybrid and Embedded PWM Control Approaches
Authors: Sinafar Behzad , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

In this paper, two different active control approaches are proposed for a cascaded interconnection of a boost converter and input filter. Designing stabilizing controller in the presence of input filter is a challenging problem. For this reason, a continuous embedded Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control approach based on the averaged dynamics of the system and duty-cycle manipulation of fixed-frequency PWM control block is proposed and nonlinear controller with a simple structure is developed. Then, as a secondary approach, the system is presented in the hybrid dynamical system framework and hybrid control is developed in a time-triggered scheme. The hybrid dynamical model avoids any approximation or use of PWM block, hence control policy is applied via direct switching control resulting in variable-frequency switching signal. Stability analysis and performance investigation are studied for both of the proposed controllers for the required conditions, and control design procedure are extracted. Finally, a comprehensive numerical simulation is evaluated and results are discussed in full detail.
Antipodal seismic observation locates liquid region on the Earth’s Inner Core
Authors: Tsuboi Seiji , Butler Rhett 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Earth's inner core is thought to have been formed by the precipitation of iron from the fluid outer core1. It is considered that a part of the inner core surface where iron in the fluid outer core is precipitated may be melted and formed a mushy region2-4, but its position is not well understood seismologically. We recently analyzed seismic waveforms observed at the antipodal station of the seismic source and showed that there may be a clear precursor of lower reflections at the inner core boundary5. It has been found that this precursor wave can be successfully modeled as a reflection under the liquid / solid interface at a depth of 100 km below the inner core boundary. In this study, we use these precursor waves of the lower reflection at the inner core boundary observed at the antipodal station (> 179°). The sensitivity kernel for the shear wave velocity structure on the inner core surface was calculated by the adjoint method corresponding to these precursor waves, using theoretical seismic waveforms. The location of the fluid region was identified using the obtained sensitivity kernel. Our results show two regions of the inner core surface where the shear wave velocity is close to zero and is considered fluid. These regions are consistent with the westward shifts of geomagnetic anomalies observed on the Earth's surface and the regions of upwellings expected from geomagnetic dynamo simulations in the outer core3. These results may provide a seismological evidence that the inner core is locked to the mantle through the geodynamic motion in the outer core and provide new insights to the origin of the earth's magnetic field.
Integrated cognitive behavioral treatment for substance use and depressive symptoms: A homeless case series and feasibility study
Authors: Molander Olof , Bjureberg Johan , Sahlin Hanna , Beijer Ulla , Gumpert Clara , Ljótsson Brjánn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHomelessness is associated with high prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorder, and depression. MethodsThis case series and feasibility trial evaluated a novel integrated cognitive behavioral treatment (ICBT), which was adapted specifically for homeless individuals and developed to treat substance use and depressive symptoms simultaneously. The ICBT was delivered among four homeless individuals enrolled in the Treatment First program (a social services program where treatment is offered in conjunction with temporary transitional housing), who had access to stable and sober housing milieus. ResultsThe ICBT was rated high in expectancy of improvement, credibility, and satisfaction, with few treatment-related adverse events, and fairly high treatment retention. At twelve months follow up, three of four participants were not homeless anymore. All treatment participants experienced short term reductions in substance use and/or depressive symptoms. ConclusionsThe study provided preliminary support that the ICBT is a feasible and potentially effective treatment for homeless individuals with substance use and/or depressive symptoms. However, the delivery format within the Treatment First program was not feasible due to treatment workload. The ICBT could be offered within the social services Housing First program instead (where permanent housing is offered before treatment), or to non-homeless individuals.Trial registrationThe study was registered retrospectively at Clinical trials.gov (NCT05329181).
Designing a generic, adaptive protocol resource for the measurement of health impact in cash transfer trials
Authors: Johnson Elliott Aidan , Johnson Matthew Thomas , Kypridemos Christodoulos , Villadsen Aase , Pickett Kate E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
IntroductionIn the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, upstream interventions that tackle social determinants of health inequalities have never been more important. Evaluations of upstream cash transfer trials have failed to capture comprehensively the impacts that such systems might have on population health through inadequate design of the interventions themselves and failure to implement consistent, thorough research measures that can be used in microsimulations to model long-term impact. In this article, we describe the process of developing a generic, adaptive protocol resource to address this issue and the challenges involved in that process.MethodsWe outline two types of prospective intervention based on trials currently under discussion. In developing the remainder of the resource, we establish six key principles, implement a modular approach based on types of measure and their prospective resource intensity, and source (validated where possible) measures and baseline data primarily from routine collection and large, longitudinal cohort studies. Through these measures, we seek to cover all areas of health impact identified in our theoretical model.ResultsWe find that, in general, self-reported measures alongside routinely collected linked respondent data may provide data capable of demonstrating comprehensive health impact. However, we also suggest that, where possible, physiological measures should be included to elucidate underlying biological effects that may not be accurately captured through self-reporting alone and can enable modelling of long-term health outcomes.DiscussionWe suggest that while Open Access evaluation instruments are available and usable to measure most constructs of interest, there remain some areas for which further development is necessary. This includes self-reported wellbeing measures that require paid licences but are used in a range of nationally important longitudinal studies instead of Open Access alternatives.
Multivariable prediction models of caries increment: a systematic review and critical appraisal
Authors: Havsed Kristian , Petersson Gunnel Hänsel , Isberg Per-Erik , Pigg Maria , Svensäter Gunnel , Rohlin Madeleine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Multivariable prediction models are used in oral health care to identify individuals with an increased likelihood of caries increment. The outcomes of the models should help to manage individualized interventions and to determine the periodicity of service. The objective was to review and critically appraise studies of multivariable prediction models of caries increment. Methods Longitudinal studies that developed or validated prediction models of caries and expressed caries increment as a function of at least 3 predictors were included. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science supplemented with reference lists of included studies were searched. Two reviewers independently extracted data using CHARMS (Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies) and assessed risk of bias and concern regarding applicability using PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASessment Tool). Predictors were analysed and model performance was recalculated as estimated positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios (LR-) based on sensitivity and specificity presented in the studies included. Results Among the 765 reports identified, 21 studies providing 66 prediction models fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Over 150 candidate predictors were considered, and 31 predictors remained in studies of final developmental models: caries experience, mutans streptococci in saliva, fluoride supplements, and visible dental plaque being the most common predictors. Predictive performances varied, providing LR+ and LR- ranges of 0.78 –10.3 and 0.0 – 1.1, respectively. Only four models of coronal caries and one root caries model scored LR+ values of at least 5. All studies were assessed as having high risk of bias, generally due to insufficient number of outcomes in relation to candidate predictors and considerable uncertainty regarding predictor thresholds and measurements. Concern regarding applicability was low overall. Conclusions The review calls attention to several methodological deficiencies and the significant heterogeneity observed across the studies ruled out meta-analyses. The high risk of bias affects the predictive performance and thereby the clinical applicability of the studied prediction models. The modest performance of most models implies that alternative predictors should be considered, such as bacteria with acid tolerant properties. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD#152467 April 28, 2020
Adsorption of a thione derivative On Carbon, AlN, and BN Nanotubes: A Detailed DFT and MD Investigation
Authors: Al-Otaibi Jamelah S , Shabeer Muhammad , Mary Y.Sheena , Mary Y.Shyma , Thomas Renjith 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The performance of nanotubes (NT) of carbon (CC), aluminum-nitrogen (AlN), and boron-nitrogen (BN) as a sensor and nanocarrier for mercaptopurine (MCP) was investigated by means of a theoretical approach. The calculated negative values of adsorption energy showed the interaction and adsorption of MCP. HOMO and LUMO distributions were only found on the NT counter portion of the drug-nanotube not on MCP for AlN-NT and BN-NT while HOMO is over MCP and LUMO are over NT for CC-NT. The polarizability of MCP-NTs is greater than that of MCP. Raman wavenumbers of MCP are enhanced in NTs and hence NTs can act as a sensor for the detection of MCP. Solvent dependency on adsorption behavior is also presented in the manuscript, where we found that the AlN nanotube showed exceptionally high free energy of adsorption over other nanotubes in all solvent mediums. Solvation-free energies were also reported. Noncovalent interaction scattered plot also showed significant intermolecular interaction between AlN nanotubes and the mercaptopurine when compared to other nanotubes under study. To find the antiviral activity of MCP and MCP-NTs against antiviral activities, docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed with 1HMP PDB. Recovery times show that MCP desorption occurs quickly. The MD simulations and docking results show that BN and CC-NTs with MCP show good activity as drug carriers.
Phosphohistidine signaling promotes FAK-RB1 interaction and growth factor-independent proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hochwald Steven , Zhang Jianliang , Gelman Irwin , Qu Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Current clinical therapies targeting receptor tyrosine kinases including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) have had limited or no effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Unlike esophageal adenocarcinomas, ESCC acquire glucose in excess of their anabolic need. We recently reported that glucose-induced growth factor-independent proliferation requires the phosphorylation of FAKHis58. Here, we confirm His58 phosphorylation in FAK immunoprecipitates of glucose-stimulated, serum-starved ESCC cells using antibodies specific for 3-phosphohistidine and mass spectrometry. We also confirm a role for the histidine kinase, NME1, in glucose-induced FAKpoHis58 and ESCC cell proliferation, correlating with increased levels of NME1 in ESCC tumors versus normal esophageal tissues. Unbiased screening identified glucose-induced RB1 binding to FAK, mediated through a “LxCxE” RB1-binding motif in FAK’s FERM domain. Importantly, in the absence of growth factors, glucose increased FAK scaffolding of RB1 in the cytoplasm, correlating with increased ESCC G1àS phase transition. Our data strongly suggest that this glucose-mediated mitogenic pathway represents a unique targetable opportunity in ESCC.
Subdividing ART Patients and Analyzing the Medical Burden by Modeling of CD4 Cell Count
Authors: Li Min , Wang Qunwei , Shen Yinzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective To subdivide the antiretroviral therapy (ART) HIV/AIDS patients by modeling the CD4 cell count variable, aiming to reduce the medical burden from life-long ART.Methods The data of outpatients at the research unit between August 2009 and December 2020 were exported and mined. A recency-frequency (RF) model was established for data subdivision, and data of Non-churn ART patients were preserved. Common factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the three indicators of the baseline/mean/last CD4 cell counts to obtain critical variables, then k-means modeling was used to subdivide ART patients, and their medical burden was analyzed.Results A total of 12,106 samples of Non-churn ART patients were preserved by RF modeling. The baseline/mean/last CD4 cell counts served as important variables employed for modeling. The patients were divided into 15 types, including two types with poor compliance and poor immune reconstitution, two types with good compliance but poor immune reconstitution, four types with poor compliance but good immune reconstitution and seven types with good compliance and good immune reconstitution: the frequency of visits was 5.25-9.95 visits/person/year, and the percentage of examination fees was 44.24-59.05%, with a medical burden of 4,114.24-12,676.66 yuan/person/year, of which 42.62-70.09% was reduced.Conclusion The CD4 cell count is not only an important indicator for judging post-ART immune recovery, but also a major modeling variable in subdividing ART patients with varying medical burdens. Poor compliance and poor immune reconstitution lead to excessive visits and frequent examination, which were the leading causes of the heavy medical burden of ART.
Species-specific plastid SSR markers reveal evidence of cultivar misassignments in Brazilian pecan orchards
Authors: Nagel Jordana , Poletto Tales , Muniz Marlove , Poletto Igor , Oliveira Joana , Stefenon Valdir Marcos 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pecan is an important perennial species introduced in southern Brazil more than 80 years ago with cultivars originating from the USA. The expansion of planted areas in Brazil is limited due to poor performance of some cultivars in regions climatically different from the original distribution area of the species. The development of cultivars adapted to the Brazilian edaphoclimatic conditions is, therefore, needed. As the correct identification of registered cultivars is essential for the development of pecan breeding programs, this study aimed at using a novel set of plastid SSR markers for identifying possible misassignments in Pecan cultivars from southern Brazilian orchards. Twenty-four plants of eight commercial cultivars and three plants from open-pollinated origin were genotyped using ten plastid SSR markers. These markers were developed from the plastid genome of the pecan cultivar Imperial. The plastid markers, which have maternal inheritance in pecan, clearly represented the parental relationship among cultivars Shawnee, Jackson, Success, and Barton. The low genetic differentiation between cultivars Shawnee and Jackson reflected the close relationship of half-sibs since both have cultivar Schley as maternal parent. The samples of cultivar Barton formed a single clade in the UPGMA cluster analysis. On the other hand, there was no consistent grouping of plants identified as Imperial, Melhorada, Mahan, Jackson, Shawnee, Success, as well as those from open-pollinated origin. Thus, samples named Barton have the same genetic patterns, while some samples named Imperial, Melhorada, Mahan, Jackson, Shawnee, Success are likely misassigned. The plastid microsatellite markers used in this study are relevant tools for advancing breeding programs of pecan, through the selection of genotypes, characterization of genetic diversity and identification of genitors.
Meiosis Conversion of Centrioles
Authors: Ubani Solomon I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Research was to study meiosis a kind of cell division by reproductive organism. The research question involved can two processes of division result in four cells with only a particular replicate. The method involved study of complex DNA found in eukaryotic cells. This consisted of research of its function and density of structures. The results showed the reproductive cells were past due were converted in motile cells. The resultant was less regular and contained a Golgi apparatus, centrioles and mitochondria. The location was confirmed by microscopy of different Golgi indicators. The phases contained a constant number of Golgi dispersed in the cytoplasm. It concluded before division, genetic material from the reproductive each crossed other creating a combination of cells. The fertilization of the haploid cells produced by meiosis produced a cell with two copies.
Effect of traction direction and pressure load on the palatal plate on retentive force
Authors: Yamane Kunihito , Sato Yuji , Furuya Junichi , Kitagawa Noboru , Ikemura Naoya , Shimodaira Osamu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently, denture stabilizers that are easy to clean and contain moisturizing ingredients have been developed for patients with dry mouth. Although the retentive force produced by conventional denture stabilizers and oral moisturizers have been compared on models, no study has reported their comparison in the oral cavity. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of different directions of traction and loads at the time of pressure contact on the retentive force on a palatal plate made from a dentulous jaw model.Methods: A palatal plate was fabricated with thermoplastic resin on a dentulous jaw model, and a loop-shaped traction device was attached to the centre of the palate. The test samples were a cream-type denture adhesive, a denture adhesive for dry mouth, an oral moisturizer, and a denture moisturizer. The specimens were applied to the inner surface of the plate, which was then mounted under vertical pressure. Then, the retentive force was measured, using a digital force gauge, while the plate was pulled in different directions and with different loads.Results: No significant difference in retentive force was observed in any of the test samples when the direction of traction was between 45° and 60°. The retentive force of the denture adhesive for dry mouth was significantly higher with a direction of traction of 90° than that of 45° or 60°. The retentive force when oral moisturizer was used was significantly higher in the 90° traction direction than in the 45° direction. There was no significant difference between a force of 4.0 kgf or 5.5 kgf when using a denture adhesive for dry mouth. Comparing the four load size conditions, the larger the load, the higher was the retentive force. Similar results were obtained for the cream-type denture adhesive and denture moisturizer. Significantly higher retentive force was observed for larger loads when oral moisturizer was used.Conclusions The results suggest that the direction of traction and the pressure load affect the retentive force on a palatal plate.