bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon as limiting factor for phosphorus availability in paddy soils
Authors: Schaller Jörg , Wu Bei , Amelung Wulf , Hu Zhengyi , Lehndorff Eva , Obst Martin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rice cultivation requires high amounts of phosphorus (P). However, significant amounts of P fertilizer additions may be retained by Fe oxides and are thus unavailable for plants. At the same time, rice cultivation has a high demand for Si, reducing Si availability after short duration of rice cultivation. By studying a paddy chronosequence with rice cultivation up to 2000 years, we show that silicic acid (Si) limitation, observed as early as a few decades of rice cultivation, is limiting P availability along the paddy soils chronosequence. Using Near edge X-ray absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) in a scanning transmission (soft) X-ray microscope (STXM) we show respective release of available P was linked to a Si-induced change in speciation of Fe-phases in soil particles and competition of Si with P for binding sites. Hence, low Si availability is limiting P availability in paddy soils. We propose that proper management of Si availability is a promising tool to reduce the requirements of paddy soils for P fertilization, making rice production more sustainable in future.
The influence of anthropogenic pressure on the structure of communities of parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) inhabiting urban green areas
Authors: Piekarska-Boniecka Hanna , Rzańska-Wieczorek Marta , Siatkowski Idzi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Urban green areas have favourable conditions for the development of phytophagous species, which feed on plants and thus reduce their aesthetic value. The population of plant pests can be limited by parasitoids of the Pimplinae subfamily. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of low, medium, and high anthropogenic pressure on the qualitative and quantitative structure of Pimplinae communities inhabiting urban green areas and to determine the influence of this pressure on the catchability of insects. The research was conducted between 2014 and 2016 in allotment gardens in the city of Poznań. The research showed that there were individual species with the highest frequency of occurrence in the communities of parasitoids which were affected by low anthropogenic pressure. On the other hand, in the communities exposed to high anthropogenic pressure the frequencies of occurrence of individual species were similar to each other. There were significant differences in the catchability of parasitoids into individual Moericke traps. The research showed that the richness of plant species had the greatest influence on the qualitative and quantitative structure of Pimplinae communities, whereas the size of the area, distance from the city centre, and the intensity of air pollution exerted lesser influence.
Quantitative evaluation of therapy options for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Ting , Hou Mengyuan , Zha Sijie , Cheng Qingqing , Zheng Qingshan , Li Lujin , Yu Jiesen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) is still poor, and their treatment options are limited, which highlights the need for new treatments. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy, safety, and related factors of various therapeutic options for patients with r/r DLBCL to provide necessary quantitative information for clinical practice.
Methods
A literature search was conducted using public databases. The parametric survival function was used to describe the time course of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with r/r DLBCL receiving various treatment regimens. A random-effects model in a single-arm meta-analysis was used to analyze the objective response rate (ORR) and grade 3–5 adverse event rates based on various treatment regimens.
Results
A total of 58 studies including 3124 subjects were included. Combination therapy had a significant benefit in terms of OS, PFS, and ORR compared with monotherapy. ORR and PFS were significantly improved in the treatment regimen, including chemotherapy, but OS did not improve, and grade 3–5 adverse events significantly increased. In terms of treatment strategy, the efficacy of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy sequential autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), immunotherapy combined with immunotherapy, chemotherapy sequential ASCT, chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, and chemotherapy combined with two types of immunotherapy is better. Specific to each treatment regimen, R-inotuzumab ozogamicin, R-BEAM + ASCT, R-ESHAP-L, iodine-131 tositumomab + BEAM + ASCT, and chemotherapy + CAR-T had better efficacy, with median OS of 48.2, 34.2, 27.8, 25.8, and 25 months, respectively. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the 6-month PFS and 2-year OS in the combination therapy.
Conclusions
Combination therapy and chemotherapy can significantly improve the efficacy of r/r DLBCL treatment. The 6-month PFS can be used as a surrogate endpoint for the 2-year OS. This study provides the necessary quantitative information for clinical practice and clinical trial design of r/r DLBCL.
The neurophysiological effect of NMDA-R antagonism of frontotemporal lobar degeneration is conditional on individual GABA concentration
Authors: Perry Alistair , Hughes Laura , Adams Natalie , Naessens Michelle , Murley Alexander , Rouse Matthew , Street Duncan , Jones P Simon , Cope Thomas , Kocagoncu Ece , Rowe James 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There is a pressing need to accelerate therapeutic strategies against the syndromes caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration, including symptomatic treatments. One approach is for experimental medicine, coupling neurophysiological studies of the mechanisms of disease with pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring neurochemical deficits. Here we consider the role of glutamatergic deficits and their potential as targets for treatment. We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover pharmaco-magnetoencephalography study in 20 people with symptomatic frontotemporal lobar degeneration (10 behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, 10 progressive supranuclear palsy) and 20 healthy age- and gender- matched controls. Both magnetoencephalography sessions recorded a roving auditory oddball paradigm: on placebo or following 10mg memantine, an uncompetitive NMDA-receptor antagonist. Ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed lower concentrations of GABA in the right inferior frontal gyrus of people with frontotemporal lobar degeneration. There was no overall effect of memantine on the magnitude of the mismatch negativity response in right frontotemporal cortex in patients, or controls. However, the change in right auditory cortex response to memantine (vs. placebo) in patients correlated with individuals’ prefrontal GABA concentration. There was no moderating effect of glutamate concentration, or cortical atrophy. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for baseline-dependency in pharmacological restoration of neurotransmitter deficits, to influence cognitive neurophysiology in neurodegenerative disease. With changes to multiple neurotransmitters in frontotemporal lobar degeneration, we suggest that individuals’ balance of excitation and inhibition may determine drug efficacy, with implications for drug selection and patient stratification in future clinical trials.
Application of allograft and absorbable screw in the reconstruction of massive bone defect following resection of giant osteochondroma: a retrospective study
Authors: Ma Zhihao , Yang Qiang , Liu Xinyu , Li Zhenfeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aims to introduce a reconstruction method that applicating allograft and absorbable screw to repair large bone defect caused by resection of giant osteochondroma.Methods: A retrospective study of a series of patients who underwent the resection of giant osteochondroma reconstructed by allograft and absorbable screw was conducted from February 2020 to September 2021. Their demographic data, location site, osteotomy length and pertinent operative details were recorded. Reconstruction modality allograft were elaborated. In the follow-up, radiographic images were utilized to determine bone union, and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was used to evaluate the postoperative limb function.Results: A total of 7 patients were included, including 3 males and 4 females with an average age of 16.6±6.5 years. Among them, 3 cases of tumors occurred in humerus and 4 cases in femur. The average follow-up time was 11.3±3.0 months. The average area of bone graft was 25.9±8.3 cm2. No complications such as infection, nonunion and allograft bone fracture were found during the follow-up period. At six months after operation, the average MSTS score was 26.4±1.6 with acceptable postoperative function. Conclusions: The cooperative application of absorbable screw fixation and allograft including mixed cortical bone and cancellous bone，which yielded satisfactory functional outcomes and acceptable postoperative complications, is an effective reconstruction method for massive bone defect after the resection of giant osteochondroma.
Dual-Energy CT Iodine Map in Predicting the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wei Xianfeng , Cao Rui , Li Han , Long Miaomiao , Sun Peipei , Zheng Yongzhe , Li Li , Yin Jianzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Induction chemotherapy has become one of the important means for advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. so far, there is no effective index to predict the curative effect.To investigate the value of normalized iodine map of dual-energy computed tomography (CT) in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A total of 54 hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients who underwent two courses of TPF induction chemotherapy were recruited in this study. 3 cases had a complete response (CR), 36 cases had a partial response (PR), 11 cases had stable disease (SD), and 4 cases had a progressive disease (PD) after the chemotherapy. All patients underwent a dual-source CT scan before chemotherapy and rescanned after chemotherapy. The normalized iodine-related attenuation (NIRA) of the mean of maximum slice and most enhanced region of lesion at arterial and parenchymal phase were measured: NIRAmean-A, NIRAmax-A, NIRAmean-P, and NIRAmax-P, respectively. Correlation analysis was conducted between different metrics of NIRA and the diameter change rate of lesions, and the curative effect was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: There were a significant correlation between NIRAmean-A, NIRAmax-A, NIRAmean-P, NIRAmax-P and the change rate of lesion’s maximum diameter (ΔD%) (all P<0.01). The NIRAmax-A, NIRAmean-P, NIRAmax-P had significant differences between CR, PR, SD, PD groups, but NIRAmean-A did not reach a significant difference. All NIRAmean-A, NIRAmax-A, NIRAmean-P, NIRAmax-P had significant differences between effective (CR+PR) and ineffective (SD+PD) groups. The ROC analysis revealed that NIRAmean-P had the largest AUC and prediction efficacy (AUC=0.809). Conclusion: Dual-energy CT normalized iodine map could predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and provides imaging evidence to assist in treatment decisions for hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Rubiarbonol B induces RIPK1-dependent necroptosis via NOX1-derived ROS production
Authors: Byun Hee Sun , Park Kyeong Ah , Ju Eunjin , Sohn Kyung-Cheol , Jung Chan Seok , Hong Jang Hee , Ro Hyunju , Lee Hoi Young , Quan Khong Trong , Park InWha , Na MinKyun , Hur Gang Min 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) by death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation is essential for triggering the necroptotic mode of cell death under apoptosis-deficient conditions. Thus, targeting the induction of necroptosis by modulating RIPK1 activity could be an effective strategy to bypass apoptosis resistance in certain types of cancer. In this study, we screened a series of arborinane triterpenoids purified from Rubia philippinesis, and identified rubiarbonol B (Ru-B) as a potent DISC-mediated caspase-8 activator. Ru-B elicited both the apoptotic and necroptotic modes of cell death, depending on the cellular expression of RIPK3. In RIPK3-expressing human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of caspase-8 was sufficient to cause a switch in cell death mode from apoptosis to necroptosis following Ru-B treatment by necrosome formation which accompanied by the upregulation of RIPK1 phosphorylation. Conversely, Ru-B-induced cell death was almost completely abrogated by RIPK1 deficiency. The enhanced RIPK1 phosphorylation and necroptosis triggered by Ru-B treatment occurred independently of tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling, and was mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase 1 in CRC cells. Thus, we propose Ru-B as a novel anticancer agent that enhances the cytotoxic potential of RIPK1, prompting the further development of Ru-B as a necroptosis-targeting compound in apoptosis-resistant CRC.
A Mathematical Model for Quantification of Pulmonary and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses Blood Flow
Authors: Vanni Rosalba 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To develop a model for the calculation of pulmonary blood flow (Qp) and blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (QIPAVA) under multiple physiological conditions.

Methods: A mathematical model was developed into which many experimental physiological parameters were input. Data were obtained simultaneously from arterial blood gases, metabolic measures, and non-invasive measures of cardiac output (Qt) , in young and healthy men.

Results: It was possible to precisely calculate Qp and QIPAVA at rest, and at moderate (50% of VO2max ) and heavy exercise ( 90% of VO2max ), in both normoxia (FIO2= 0.2093) and acute hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.125).
In normoxia at heavy exercise, Qp decreased slightly (97.56% of Qt) and QIPAVA represented 2.44% of Qt .
Instead in hypoxia at heavy exercise, Qp decreased significantly (85.25% of Qt) and QIPAVA increased significantly (14.75% of Qt), equal to QIPAVA of 3.48 L/min.
It was possible to demonstrate a negative contribution of QIPAVA directly on pulmonary gas exchange efficiency.
Furthermore, the model immediately identifies incorrect Qt measurements.

Conclusions: This new mathematical model is precise in calculating Qp and QIPAVA.
The required data are obtained through non-invasive instruments, easy to use and widespread in all hospitals. Qp differs significantly from Qt under some physiological conditions. The application of this model in the medical field is expected to enable further advancements in scientific research and clinical practice.
Indoor Bacterial and Fungal Aerosols as Predictors of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Among Under-five Children in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Fakunle Adekunle Gregory , JAFTA Nkosana , SMIT Lidwien A.M , NAIDOO Rajen N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim
This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to diverse indoor microbial aerosols and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among children aged 1 to 59 months in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methodology
One hundred and seventy-eight (178) hospital-based LRTI cases among under-five children were matched for age (± 3months), sex and geographical location with 180 community-based controls (under-five children without LRTI). Following consent from caregivers of eligible participants, a child’s health questionnaire, clinical proforma and standardized home-walkthrough checklist were used to collect data. Participant homes were visited and sampled for indoor microbial exposures using active sampling approach by Anderson sampler. Indoor microbial count (IMC), total bacterial count (TBC), and total fungal count (TFC) were estimated and dichotomized into high (> median) and low (≤ median) exposures. Alpha diversity measures including richness (R), Shannon (H) and Simpson (D) indices were also estimated. Conditional logistic regression models were used to test association between exposure to indoor microbial aerosols and LRTI risk among under-five children.
Results
Significantly higher bacterial and fungal diversities were found in homes of cases (R = 3.00; H = 1.04; D = 2.67 and R = 2.56; H = 0.82; D = 2.33) than homes of controls (R = 2.00; H = 0.64; D = 1.80 and R = 1.89; H = 0.55; D = 1.88) respectively. In the multivariate models, higher categories of exposure to lMC (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.44–4.97), TBC (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.36–4.65), TFC (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.54–4.89), bacterial diversity (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.08–3.24) and fungal diversity (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.55–5.79) were independently associated with LRTI risk among under-five children.
Conclusions
Our study suggests an increased risk of LRTI when children under the age of five years are exposed to high levels of indoor microbial aerosols.
Subcutaneous tunnelling versus conventional insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters in hospitalized patients (TUNNEL-PICC): A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwon Yohan , Kim Eung Tae , Cho Soo Buem , Lee Jae Hwan , Shim Dong Jae 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are now widely used in modern medicine, and associated complications have also increased. Central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is the most serious complication because it can cause longer hospital stays and increase costs. Furthermore, it can contribute to dire consequences for critically ill patients. Subcutaneous tunnelling for central venous catheters is an accepted method to reduce the risk of CLABSI. However, it is not generally adopted for PICC placement in most hospitals because its safety and efficacy have not been fully evaluated. Methods: In this multi-institutional, prospective, non-blinded pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 1694 patients treated at five referral hospitals were assigned to one of two parallel arms (conventional and tunnelled PICC groups) using computer-generated stratified randomization. The conventional group underwent PICC placement by the usual practice. In the tunnelled PICC (tPICC) group, additional subcutaneous tunnelling was applied. Patients will be followed until PICC removal or the end of this study. The primary endpoint was whether subcutaneous tunnelling reduced the rate of CLABSI compared to the conventional method. The secondary endpoints are comparison of technical success rates, complications including exit-site bleeding or infection, and procedure time difference between the groups.Discussion: Subcutaneous tunnelling is a widely used method to reduce catheter-associated infection. However, it has not been thoroughly applied for PICC. A randomized trial is needed to more objectively assess the effects of subcutaneous tunnel in PICC placement. This TUNNEL-PICC trial will provide evidence for the effectiveness of subcutaneous tunnelling to decrease the risk of CLABSI.Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS) KCT0005521
Insights into the enhanced fluoranthene degradation in citric acid coupled Fe(II)-activated sodium persulfate system
Authors: Dong Jiaqi , Sheng Xianxian , Liu Yulong , Wang Peng , Lu Zhanpeng , Sui Qian , Lyu Shuguang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are present in contaminated groundwater, have attracted increasing attention because of their serious harm to humans. In this study, the degradation performance of fluoranthene (FLT), a typical tetracyclic PAHs in organic contaminated sites, was investigated in the persulfate (PS)/Fe(II)/citric acid (CA) system. The effects of PS, CA, and Fe(II) doses on FLT degradation were tested. With the molar ratio at 60/20/5/1 of PS/Fe(II)/CA/FLT, FLT removal reached 96.3% in 120 min, much higher than 62% removal without CA at the same PS and Fe(II) doses, indicating that the addition of CA could remarkably enhance the FLT degradation. The water quality conditions (pH, anions and humic acid) were also investigated for their effects on FLT degradation. The results of probe tests, electron paramagnetic resonance detection and scavenging experiments showed that and acted predominantly on FLT degradation. The influence of surfactants on FLT degradation was examined. Furthermore, the primary degradation intermediates of FLT were detected by GC-MS and the possible degradation pathways of FLT were proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the PS/Fe(II)/CA process for the FLT degradation in actual groundwater demonstrated that the process has a great prospect for the remediation of FLT-contaminated groundwater.
Geophysical investigation of transmissibility and hydrogeological properties of aquifer system: A case study of Edem, Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Omeje Emmanuel T. , Ibuot Johnson C. , Ugbor Desmond O. , Obiora Daniel N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research study aimed at investigating the transmissibility magnitude of hydrogeologic units of Edem employing a vertical electrical sounding technique. This was as a result of the rapid increase in population and failures of water scheme projects in Edem. Hydraulic properties used in characterizing the transmissibility magnitude were calculated from values of aquifer resistivity and thickness. Results from the field data showed that the aquifer resistivity ranged from 34.800 to 67,561.200 Ωm while thickness ranged from 24.800 to 147.600 m. Fractional porosity with an average value of 0.290 ranged from 0.256 to 0.326. Values of surface area per unit pore volume and permeability range from 460.250 to 13,038.710 m−1 and 1.680E-09 to 1.973E-06 μm2 respectively. Hydraulic capillary radius ranges from 7.67 × 10−5 to 0.00217 m, while transmissivity values range from 0.8607 to 458.0727 m2/day. From the contour map, hydrogeologic units across the western and eastern parts of the area were depicted as having high indices of transmissibility magnitude. The northwestern part was characterized with very low indices of transmissibility. Plots of permeability against these hydraulic properties revealed their various coefficient of determination. The results from this study will assist in characterizing the hydrogeologic units of the area for proper groundwater exploration and management.
Identifying sources of infiltration and inflow in sanitary sewers in a northern community: comparative assessment of selected methods
Authors: Panasiuk Oleksandr , Hedström Annelie , Langeveld Jeroen , Viklander Maria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Infiltration and inflow (I/I) into sanitary sewers causes numerous negative effects on the whole wastewater management system and ultimately, on the receiving waters. Consequently, a number of methods have been developed to analyse the performance of sewer systems with respect to I/I, including: distributed temperature sensing (DTS), closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspections, flow and conductivity measurements, automatic or grab sampling of ammonium, smoke testing, and visual inspection of manholes. Such methods were compared in an application to sanitary sewers in a small community and assessed with respect to their accuracy and ability to identify locations of sources of I/I, as well as temporal and spatial resolutions of the obtained results. Furthermore, different approaches to ammonium sampling during I/I monitoring campaigns were discussed. It was concluded that among the methods tested in this study, DTS had the highest temporal and spatial resolution, while ammonium grab sampling showed promise for initial screening of large catchments.