bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sumatriptan prevents central sensitization specifically in the trigeminal dermatome in humans
Authors: Peng Kuan‐Po , Jürgens Tim , Basedau Hauke , Ortlieb Luise , May Arne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe exact mechanism and site of action of triptans in aborting migraine attacks remain under debate. We hypothesized that the clinical efficacy of triptans lies in aborting central sensitization and focused on the question of why triptans are headache specific, that is highly effective in migraine and cluster headache and ineffective in extracephalic pain.MethodsForty healthy participants were enrolled in this double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. The effect of sumatriptan (n = 20) versus placebo (n = 20) was investigated in a trigeminal (V1) versus an extracephalic dermatome (forearm) using a topical capsaicin sensitization model. Capsaicin‐induced primary and secondary hyperalgesia were evaluated using quantitative sensory testing.ResultsAfter capsaicin application, primary hyperalgesia developed in both the sumatriptan and placebo groups in both dermatomes. However, sumatriptan exclusively prevented secondary hyperalgesia in the V1 dermatome but not on the forearm. Placebo exerted no effects on secondary hyperalgesia in both trigeminal and extracephalic dermatomes. Additionally, sumatriptan reduced the flare size exclusively in the V1 dermatome.ConclusionsOur data suggest that sumatriptan reduces central sensitization (secondary hyperalgesia) without modulating peripheral sensitization (primary hyperalgesia) in a human pain model of capsaicin‐induced sensitization. Moreover, despite a systemic administration of sumatriptan, the modulatory effects are trigeminal specific, echoing the clinical effect of triptans in aborting headaches, but not extracephalic pain.SignificanceOur data suggest that triptans exert their efficacy by suppressing central sensitization. By revealing a dermatome‐specific modulation, our study demonstrates a previously unrecognized interaction between the pharmacodynamics of triptans and the trigeminal nociceptive system that provides new insight into how triptans may work in aborting headache attacks.
Data science and climate risk analytics
Authors: Sain Stephan R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith influences from different communities, data science has evolved to provide insights in many different data‐driven environments, including climate science. In this article, a brief review of data science and its connection to climate science will be presented. Additionally, two data science pipelines for quantifying risks from climate change are discussed. These pipelines focus on flooding due to tropical cyclone storm surge and changes in the distribution of temperature or precipitation or wind due to climate change via downscaling climate models. Finally, some key data science research areas in climate risk analytics are discussed.
Experimental study on the mechanical properties, acoustic emission characteristics, and permeability evolution of sandstone under triaxial hydromechanical coupling
Authors: Wang Guozhu , Song Lei , Wang Qirui , Tian Zhuangcai , Fan Junqi , Wang Yu , Ren Jianwei , Yang Weihao , Li Haipeng , Zhang Mingwei , Shen Honglei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn situ stress and groundwater have important effects on the deformation and stability of deep underground rock masses. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the mechanical properties and permeability evolutionary processes of rocks under hydromechanical (HM) coupling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties and permeability evolution of sandstone using triaxial compression tests under different confining and seepage pressures. The test results show that the confining pressure can increase the strength of sandstone, whereas the seepage pressure has the opposite effect. The initial and maximum permeabilities were positively correlated with seepage pressure and negatively correlated with confining pressure. The confining and seepage pressures had little effect on the change in initial permeability. As a common parameter of acoustic emission (AE), cumulative AE counts can intuitively reflect the permeability evolutionary process in the sandstone failure process. A permeability evolutionary early warning model for the sandstone failure process under HM coupling is proposed. The results are helpful for understanding the influence of in situ stress and seepage pressure on deep sandstone and the permeability evolutionary mechanism, and they can be used to provide early warning of water inrush disasters in deep underground structures.
Vertical wind speed extrapolation model using long short‐term memory and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Al‐Shaikhi Ali , Nuha Hilal , Mohandes Mohamed , Rehman Shafiqur , Adrian Monterico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvestigating the potential for deploying a wind farm requires accurate knowledge of the vertical profile of wind speed (WS), both temporal and with height. Commonly, WS estimations at different heights involves calculating site‐dependent parameters such as roughness length, atmospheric conditions, and wind shear coefficient. This study proposes a hybrid model to estimate WS at different heights based on measurements at lower heights using particle swarm optimization and long short‐term memory (PSO‐LSTM). The training procedure consists of two steps, namely the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) and the PSO, to minimize the mean squared error. To perform vertical extrapolation, the PSO‐LSTM utilizes the measured WS at 10‐40 m heights to predict WS at 50 m. The predicted results at 50 m are then utilized along with the measured WS at 10–40 to extrapolate WS to 60 m. This process continues until the extrapolation of WS at 120 m is made. The PSO is compared with other optimization methods like genetic algorithm (GA), tuna swarm optimization (TSO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), sparrow search algorithm (SSA), and bald eagle search (BES) on improving the LSTM accuracy. The performance of the PSO‐LSTM is compared with the standard LSTM, feedforward neural network and the logarithmic law (LogLaw) based estimation. The extrapolated values obtained using these methods are compared with LiDAR system‐based measurements. The proposed method outperformed the other methods.
Antagonism of nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolated from peanuts against aflatoxigenic A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production in vitro
Authors: Rahman Mohd Azuar Hamizan , Selamat Jinap , Samsudin Nik Iskandar Putra , Shaari Khozirah , Mahror Norlia , John Joshua Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAspergillus section Flavi constitutes several species of opportunistic fungi, notable among them are A. flavus and A. parasiticus, capable of surviving harsh conditions and colonizing a wide range of agricultural products pre‐ and postharvest. Physical and chemical control methods are widely applied in order to mitigate the invasion of A. flavus in crops. However, physical control is not suitable for large scale and chemical control often leads to environmental pollution, whereas biological control offers a safer, environmentally friendly, and economical alternative. The present study aimed to investigate the antagonism of several non‐aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains against the aflatoxigenic ones in vitro (semisynthetic peanut growth medium; MPA) in terms of colony growth rate and AFB1 inhibition. Different peanut concentrations were used to obtain the optimum peanut concentration in the formulated growth medium. A dual culture assay was performed to assess the antagonism of nonaflatoxigenic strains against the aflatoxigenic ones. Results revealed that 9% MPA exhibited the highest growth and AFB1 inhibition by nonaflatoxigenic strains. It was also found that different nonaflatoxigenic strains exhibited different antagonism against the aflatoxigenic ones which ranged from 11.09 ± 0.65% to 14.06 ± 0.14% for growth inhibition, and 53.97 ± 2.46% to 72.64 ± 4.54% for AFB1 inhibition. This variability could be due to the difference in antagonistic metabolites produced by different nonaflatoxigenic strains assessed in the present study. Metabolomics study to ascertain the specific metabolites that conferred the growth and aflatoxin inhibition is ongoing.
The cost of privatisation to the profession: Media representation of audiology in Australia
Authors: Šarkić Bojana , Simpson Andrea , Heine Chyrisse 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate how the profession of audiology was represented in the media in Australia and how the increased privatisation of the profession may have shaped this representation.MethodsA systematic search of English language media records was conducted from 1 January 2000 to 17 July 2020 using ANZ News Stream, TV News, Google News and INFORMIT. Twenty‐four of 1056 originally identified articles were retained. The findings were extracted and synthesised.ResultsContext and content analyses were preformed, revealing a predominantly negative portrayal of Audiology as a profession in 21 (87.5%) of 24 articles. Predominant themes included: sales driven by incentives; predatory strategies and malpractice; non‐regulation and privatisation of the hearing care industry; and conflict of interest.ConclusionsThe media was found to highlight consumer mistrust in the profession in recent years. Increased regulation of the profession of audiology is recommended to protect the population against exploitative practices and to renew faith in the profession by the public.
Conformer‐RL: A deep reinforcement learning library for conformer generation
Authors: Jiang Runxuan , Gogineni Tarun , Kammeraad Joshua , He Yifei , Tewari Ambuj , Zimmerman Paul M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConformer‐RL is an open‐source Python package for applying deep reinforcement learning (RL) to the task of generating a diverse set of low‐energy conformations for a single molecule. The library features a simple interface to train a deep RL conformer generation model on any covalently bonded molecule or polymer, including most drug‐like molecules. Under the hood, it implements state‐of‐the‐art RL algorithms and graph neural network architectures tuned specifically for molecular structures. Conformer‐RL is also a platform for researching new algorithms and neural network architectures for conformer generation, as the library contains modular class interfaces for RL environments and agents, allowing users to easily swap components with their own implementations. Additionally, it comes with tools to visualize and save generated conformers for further analysis. Conformer‐RL is well‐tested and thoroughly documented with tutorials for each of the functionalities mentioned above, and is available on PyPi and Github: https://github.com/ZimmermanGroup/conformer-rl.
Right ventricular lead sensing latency in pacemaker therapy
Authors: Zagkli Fani , Kalovrenti Nikoleta , Patrinos Panagiotis , Chronopoulos Panagiotis , Chiladakis John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPacemaker implantation involves intraoperative testing of ventricular sensing using a device called a pacing system analyzer (PSA). The value obtained is expected to correspond to those taken by the pacemaker after its implantation. This study determined the latency period for sensing intracardiac electrogram (EGM) by the right ventricular (RV) lead.MethodsPatients without significant heart disease and underlying intrinsic atrioventricular (AV) conduction underwent Medtronic or Abbott dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation with the RV lead positioned on the mid‐septum. Real‐time sensing data were obtained through PSA and after pacemaker implantation to evaluate latency as the time interval Q‐VS between the onset of QRS on surface electrocardiogram and the sensed EGM by the RV lead.ResultsOf 157 patients, 105 had narrow QRS (<120 ms) and 52 had wide QRS of complete right bundle branch block (RBBB). Both narrow‐QRS and RBBB patients had longer sensing latency through PSA (50.9 ± 24.2 and 67.8 ± 32.9 ms, respectively) than through pacemaker (18.2 ± 12.8 and 31.2 ± 14.8 ms, respectively, both p < 0.001). RBBB patients had longer sensing latency compared with narrow QRS patients, either through PSA or through pacemaker (p < 0.001). The sensing latency of Medtronic recipients was longer than those of Abbott in narrow‐QRS (p < 0.05), but not in RBBB.ConclusionWe demonstrated longer RV lead sensing latency (1) through PSA than through pacemaker, (2) in RBBB than in narrow‐QRS, and (3) in Medtronic pacemakers compared with Abbott pacemakers. Knowledge of sensing latency helps the optimization of the AV delay.
Peanut monoculture‐induced decline in fertility of Andosols in Nicaragua
Authors: Castillo Xiomara , Materna Juliane , Jannoura Ramia , Joergensen Rainer Georg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAndosols are generally characterized by strong resilience to degradation and high soil fertility. This may decline during long‐term peanut (Arachis hypogea) monoculture, as indicated by soil chemical and biological properties.AimsThe study investigated the monoculture‐induced changes in soil chemical environment as driver for the decline in soil fertility.MethodsIn this on‐farm study, soils from seven sites cropped with peanut monoculture for different periods between 1 and 20 years were analyzed for soil chemical properties (pH, Al and Fe oxides, soil organic matter) as well as soil microbial biomass and microbial functional diversity, estimated by multiple substrate‐induced respiration (MSIR).ResultsTotal nitrogen (N), soil organic carbon (SOC), and microbial biomass C (MBC) declined by 57%, 62%, and 73%, respectively, over 20 years of peanut monoculture in comparison with 1 year peanut cultivation. The SOC/total N ratio showed the most consistent decrease during this period. The Shannon diversity index, calculated from the MSIR responses, generally decreased from 2.5 to 2.1 during peanut monoculture, passing a minimum after 10 years. Discriminant function 1 declined with increasing years of peanut monoculture (r = –0.87) and explained 74% of the variance, separating nearly all peanut sites from each other. The main predictors were soil pH, exchangeable Al3+, and the SOC/total N ratio, but dithionite extractable Al and Fe as well the ratio of exchangeable Ca2+/Mg2+ also made significant contributions.ConclusionTwenty years of peanut monoculture led to a strong decline in soil fertility, as strongly indicated by soil microbiological indices.
Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction of diphenylphosphoryl azide under high pressures
Authors: Wen Yang , Huili Wei , Tianyi Yu , Junru Jiang , Jian Wang , Zhijun He , Xinmei Hou , Qiliang Cui , Hongyang Zhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiphenylphosphoryl azide ((C6H5O)2P(O)N3, DPPA) was studied by in situ Raman scattering spectroscopy and synchrotron angle‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (ADXRD) technologies up to 11.6 GPa at room temperature. The analyses of Raman spectra revealed that the liquid DPPA transformed from Phase I to Phase II at 0.4 GPa and went to Phase III at 1.3 GPa. The first phase transition was attributed to the change of molecular conformation, and the second phase transition was induced by the deformation of benzene rings. The XRD results suggested that DPPA remained in a liquid state during the two phase transitions. The azide group became increasingly asymmetric under pressure and decomposed at 11.6 GPa. The low decomposition pressure of the azide group is conducive to the formation of polymeric nitrogen. Exploring the behaviors of the azide group under pressure might be helpful for understanding the potential application of DPPA in the synthesis of high energy density materials (HEDMs).
Analysis and correlations of the protein content and selected ‘antinutrients’ of faba beans (Vicia faba) in a German sample set of the cultivation years 2016, 2017, and 2018
Authors: Walter Sinja , Zehring Jenny , Mink Kathrin , Ramminger Sara , Quendt Ulrich , Zocher Kathleen , Rohn Sascha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFaba beans (Vicia faba) experienced a significant revival in cultivation in Western Europe in the last decade. In this study, potential correlations between protein content (PC), trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA), and tannin content were investigated in a large German sample set with bean samples obtained from 50 different farms present in 11 German federal states. Three consecutive cultivation years (2016, 2017, and 2018) were included.RESULTSThe faba bean samples were grown under real cultivation conditions without any specific experimental design and finally marketed by the farmers. This enabled researchers to identify the relationship and extent of the three quality parameters towards the varying cultivation conditions and practices. Moreover, the correlations observed between the parameters were brought into the context of well‐known theoretical plant hypotheses such as the carbon–nutrient balance hypothesis (CNBH), the growth–differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH), as well as the protein competition model (PCM) for evaluating the potential for use in predictions. The study showed a significant negative correlation between PC and tannin content in faba beans over each cultivation year, whereas a positive correlation between TIA and tannin content was found. No clear correlation was observed between PC and TIA.CONCLUSIONThe three plant hypotheses (CNBH, GDBH, and PCM) seem to be not fully valid. Nonetheless, these findings might be a useful guideline for predicting the composition of selected compounds, and sustainable recommendations about cultivation and exploitation for the feed and food sector can be derived. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of the linking positions on the benzene ring on properties of poly(silane arylether arylacetylene)s
Authors: Li Jixian , Lv Shuaikang , Gong Changjun , Zhou Yan , Huang Farong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThree aromatic diynes with para‐, meta‐, and ortho‐oxyphenyloxy structures and dichlorodimethylsilane were used to prepare the corresponding poly(silane arylether arylacetylene) (PSEA) resins, that is, ppp‐PSEA, pmp‐PSEA, and pop‐PSEA, and effect of the linking positions on the benzene ring on properties of PSEA resins was explored. The results show that pmp‐PSEA and pop‐PSEA resins exhibit lower crystallinity but better processability as compared with ppp‐PSEA resin. For the cured PSEA resins, the density increases but the maximum water uptake decreases with the change in the linking position of the benzene ring from para‐position to meta‐position followed by ortho‐position. Cured pmp‐PSEA and pop‐PSEA resins possess higher mechanical property in comparison with cured ppp‐PSEA resin. The cured pop‐PSEA resin shows the highest flexural strength (68.4 MPa) and flexural modulus (2.75 GPa). Furthermore, three cured resins possess excellent heat resistance with the decomposition temperature (Td5) of over 505 °C.
Preoperative prediction of lymphovascular invasion of CRC by artificial neural network
Authors: Wu Dejun , Yang Zhou , Sun Leilei , Quan Yingjun , Min Zhijun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLymphovascular invasion (LVI) was considered to be important for metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there was still no effective method to predict LVI before operation. Our research aimed to construct an artificial neural network (ANN) for the preoperative prediction of LVI. We obtained blood indexes and condition of LVI (confirmed by pathological examination) of 288 cases of CRC patients from a tertiary hospital in China. One hundred and eighty‐five CRC patients (training group) were randomly selected to establish neural network and logistic regression models. The remaining 103 cases of CRC patients received the test of ANN and logistic model (validation group). Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to assess the accuracy of constructed model respectively. All procedures involving human participants were performed by the Shanghai Pudong Hospital ethical committee (2020 No. W2‐007) and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All patients provided their written informed consent. In the training group, the area under the curve (AUC) of ANN was higher than that of the logistic model (0.832 vs 0.692). The ANN correctly predicted 92% cases of LVI, whereas the logistic model only predicted 56% cases. Similar results were also tested in the validation model. Our constructed ANN showed higher accuracy compared with the conventional linear model. The ANN‐based on blood indexes may provide value for preoperative prediction of LVI.
High‐resolution simulations of tropical island thunderstorms: Does an increase in resolution improve the representation of extreme rainfall?
Authors: Bergemann Martin , Lane Todd P. , Wales Scott , Narsey Sugata , Louf Valentin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent increases in computational resources have led to the application of kilometre‐ and sub‐kilometre‐scale simulations in research, numerical weather prediction, and climate modelling alike. Despite anticipated improvements with resolution, there is still considerable work needed to evaluate how well such models improve the representation of intense convection. In this study we conduct ensemble simulations with kilometre‐ and sub‐kilometre‐scale horizontal grids to investigate intense convective events in the tropical island thunderstorm system Hector, which frequently occurs over the Tiwi Islands in North Australia. To avoid losing information through spatio‐temporal averaging we apply a tracking algorithm to simulated and observed storms. When compared with observations, the model storms exhibit a lack of propagation across the study domain. In general, simulated storms are too intense but too small and too short‐lived. This is especially true for the sub‐kilometre simulations, where storms are more intense, smaller, and more numerous than in the kilometre‐scale counterparts. We argue that size and duration errors compensate for storm number and intensity errors, which could lead to misleading interpretations when only comparing time and space averages of rainfall fields. Investigating some properties of the simulated storms suggests that storms with high rainfall intensities have stronger updrafts in the sub‐kilometre model and are accompanied by an increase in cold pool intensity. The results and their resolution sensitivities highlight that the remaining parametrisations and their many tuning parameters in high‐resolution set‐ups influence the representation of convective storms in such models.