bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social anhedonia as a Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1-dependent phenotype
Authors: Seidisarouei Mohammad , Schäble Sandra , van Wingerden Marijn , Trossbach Svenja V. , Korth Carsten , Kalenscher Tobias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeficits in social interaction or social cognition are key phenotypes in a variety of chronic mental diseases, yet, their modeling and molecular dissection are only in their infancy. The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) signaling pathway is considered to play a role in different psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and biopolar disorders. DISC1 is involved in regulating the dopaminergic neurotransmission in, among others, the mesolimbic reward system. A transgenic rat line tgDISC1 has been introduced as a model system to study behavioral phenotypes associated with abnormal DISC1 signaling pathways. Here, we evaluated the impact of impaired DISC1 signaling on social (social interaction) and non-social (sucrose) reward preferences in the tgDISC1 animal model. In a plus-maze setting, rats chose between the opportunity for social interaction with an unfamiliar juvenile conspecific (social reward) or drinking sweet solutions with variable sucrose concentrations (non-social reward). tgDISC1 rats differed from wild-type rats in their social, but not in their non-social reward preferences. Specifically, DISC1 rats showed a lower interest in interaction with the juvenile conspecific, but did not differ from wild-type rats in their preference for higher sucrose concentrations. These results suggest that disruptions of the DISC1 signaling pathway that is associated with altered dopamine transmission in the brain result in selective deficits in social motivation reminiscent of phenotypes seen in neuropsychiatric illness.
Tuneable magnetic nanocomposites for remote self-healing
Authors: Gupta Ranjeetkumar , Gupta Priya , Footer Charles , Stenning Gavin B. G. , Darr Jawwad A. , Pancholi Ketan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen polymer composites containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are exposed to an alternating magnetic field, heat is generated to melt the surrounding polymer locally, partially filling voids across any cracks or deformities. Such materials are of interest for structural applications; however, structural polymers with high melting temperatures pose the challenge of generating high localised temperatures enabling self-healing. A method to prepare a multiferroic-Polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposite with tuneable magnetocaloric properties is reported. Tunability arises from varying the MNP material (and any coating, its dispersion, and agglomerate sizes in the nanocomposite). The superparamagnetic MNPs (SMNPs) and iron oxide MNPs with and without surface functionalization were dispersed into PA6 through in situ polymerization, and their magnetic properties were compared. Furthermore, computer simulations were used to quantify the dispersion state of MNPs and assess the influence of the interaction radius on the magnetic response of the self-healable magnetic nanoparticle polymer (SHMNP) composite. It was shown that maintaining the low interaction radius through the dispersion of the low coercivity MNPs could allow tuning of the bulk magnetocaloric properties of the resulting mesostructures. An in-situ polymerization method improved the dispersion and reduced the maximum interaction radius value from ca. 806 to 371 nm and increased the magnetic response for the silica-coated SMNP composite. This sample displayed ca. three orders of magnitude enhancement for magnetic saturation compared to the unfunctionalized Fe3O4 MNP composite.
Imaging peripheral nerve micro-anatomy with MUSE, 2D and 3D approaches
Authors: Kolluru Chaitanya , Todd Austin , Upadhye Aniruddha R. , Liu Yehe , Berezin Mikhail Y. , Fereidouni Farzad , Levenson Richard M. , Wang Yanming , Shoffstall Andrew J. , Jenkins Michael W. , Wilson David L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding peripheral nerve micro-anatomy can assist in the development of safe and effective neuromodulation devices. However, current approaches for imaging nerve morphology at the fiber level are either cumbersome, require substantial instrumentation, have a limited volume of view, or are limited in resolution/contrast. We present alternative methods based on MUSE (Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation) imaging to investigate peripheral nerve morphology, both in 2D and 3D. For 2D imaging, fixed samples are imaged on a conventional MUSE system either label free (via auto-fluorescence) or after staining with fluorescent dyes. This method provides a simple and rapid technique to visualize myelinated nerve fibers at specific locations along the length of the nerve and perform measurements of fiber morphology (e.g., axon diameter and g-ratio). For 3D imaging, a whole-mount staining and MUSE block-face imaging method is developed that can be used to characterize peripheral nerve micro-anatomy and improve the accuracy of computational models in neuromodulation. Images of rat sciatic and human cadaver tibial nerves are presented, illustrating the applicability of the method in different preclinical models.
Evaluation of the association of serum glypican-4 with prevalent and future kidney function
Authors: Muendlein Axel , Brandtner Eva Maria , Leiherer Andreas , Geiger Kathrin , Heinzle Christine , Gaenger Stella , Fraunberger Peter , Haider Dominik , Saely Christoph H. , Drexel Heinz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSerum glypican-4 (GPC4) has been identified as an insulin-sensitizing adipokine serving as a marker for body mass index and insulin resistance in humans. The association of circulating GPC4 with kidney function is to date largely unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum GPC4 and prevalent as well future kidney function in a prospective cohort study. The study included 456 Caucasian coronary angiography patients. After a median follow up period of 3.4 years, data on kidney function was reassessed in all patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined by decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria. At baseline, serum GPC4 was significantly associated with decreased eGFR (adjusted odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation = 4.75 [2.66–8.48]; P <  0.001), albuminuria (OR = 1.49 [1.15–1.92]; P = 0.002), and, accordingly, with CKD (OR = 1.75 [1.35–2.26]; P < 0.001). GPC4 levels also significantly and independently predicted the incidence of newly diagnosed decreased eGFR (OR = 2.74 [1.82–4.14]; P < 0.001, albuminuria (OR = 1.58 [1.01–2.46]; P = 0.043, and CKD (OR = 2.16 [1.45–3.23]; P < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated an additional predictive value of GPC4 to a basic prediction model for newly diagnosed CKD and eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Our study, therefore, indicates that high serum GPC4 is associated with decreased prevalent and future kidney function.
Clinical efficacy of urea treatment in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Authors: Perelló-Camacho Eva , Pomares-Gómez Francisco J. , López-Penabad Luis , Mirete-López Rosa María , Pinedo-Esteban María Rosa , Domínguez-Escribano José Ramón 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work is to examine our experience in the use of urea in patients with SIADH. Observational retrospective analysis of 48 patients with SIADH that have been treated with urea in a third-level hospital. Pre-post analysis of serum sodium levels. The 48 patients with SIADH had a median age of 78.5 (range 26–97 years). The serum sodium nadir was 119.8 ± 5.0 mmoL/L and at the beginning of treatment 125.6 ± 4.1 mmoL/L. The patients continued the treatment for a mean time of 2.95 ± 6.29 months, being the treatment still active in 4 patients. In all patients there was an improvement in serum sodium, being the final serum sodium at the end of treatment 134.4 ± 4.9 mmoL/L (p < 0.01). This improvement was observed from the first week. Adverse events were only detected in 2 patients with mild digestive symptomatology and 2 patients refused the treatment due to the low palatability of the urea. There was an economic cost reduction of 87.9% in comparison with treatment with tolvaptan. Urea has shown to be a safe and cost-effective option for the treatment of hyponatremia caused by SIADH.
Leveraging a national biorepository in Zambia to assess measles and rubella immunity gaps across age and space
Authors: Carcelen Andrea C. , Winter Amy K. , Moss William J. , Chilumba Innocent , Mutale Irene , Chongwe Gershom , Monze Mwaka , Mulundu Gina , Nkamba Hope , Mwansa Francis. D. , Mulenga Lloyd , Rhoda Dale A. , Hayford Kyla , Mutembo Simon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh-quality, representative serological surveys allow direct estimates of immunity profiles to inform vaccination strategies but can be costly and logistically challenging. Leveraging residual serum samples is one way to increase their feasibility. We subsampled 9854 residual sera from a 2016 national HIV survey in Zambia and tested these specimens for anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies using indirect enzyme immunoassays. We demonstrate innovative methods for sampling residual sera and analyzing seroprevalence data, as well as the value of seroprevalence estimates to understand and control measles and rubella. National measles and rubella seroprevalence for individuals younger than 50 years was 82.8% (95% CI 81.6, 83.9%) and 74.9% (95% CI 73.7, 76.0%), respectively. Despite a successful childhood vaccination program, measles immunity gaps persisted across age groups and districts, indicating the need for additional activities to complement routine immunization. Prior to vaccine introduction, we estimated a rubella burden of 96 congenital rubella syndrome cases per 100,000 live births. Residual samples from large-scale surveys can reduce the cost and challenges of conducting serosurveys, and multiple pathogens can be tested. Procedures to access quality specimens, ensure ethical approvals, and link sociodemographic data can improve the timeliness and value of results.
Effects of Wolbachia elimination and B-vitamin supplementation on bed bug development and reproduction
Authors: Hickin Mauri L. , Kakumanu Madhavi L. , Schal Coby 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObligate blood feeders, such as Cimex lectularius (common bed bug), have symbiotic associations with nutritional endosymbionts that produce B-vitamins. To quantify the symbiont’s contribution to host fitness in these obligate mutualisms, the symbiont must be eliminated and its absence rigorously confirmed. We developed and validated procedures for complete elimination of Wolbachia (Wb) in bed bugs and quantified development and reproduction in bed bugs with and without Wb and with and without B-vitamins supplementation. Aposymbiotic bed bugs had slower nymphal development, reduced adult survivorship, smaller adult size, fewer eggs per female, and lower hatch rate than bed bugs that harbored Wb. In aposymbiotic bed bugs that were fed B-vitamins-supplemented blood, nymph development time, adult survivorship and hatch rate recovered to control levels, but adult size and egg number only partially recovered. These results underscore the nutritional dependence of bed bugs on their Wb symbiont and suggest that Wb may provide additional nutritional benefits beyond the B-vitamin mix that we investigated.
Influence of ulnar bow sign on surgical treatment of missed Bado type I Monteggia fracture in children
Authors: Liao Shijie , Wang Tiantian , Huang Qian , Liu Yun , Lu Rongbin , Xu Yaofeng , Ding Xiaofei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the influence of ulnar bow on the surgical treatment of Bado type I missed Monteggia fracture in children. A retrospective review of 28 patients was conducted between November 2010 and June 2020. All patients were treated with open reduction of the radial head and ulnar opening wedge osteotomy without annular ligament reconstruction. Four months (range 1–12 months) was the mean interval between injury onset and surgery. The average age of patients at the time of surgery was 6.1 years old (range 2–10 years old). The maximum ulnar bow (MUB) and MUB position (P-MUB) via radiography were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups according to P-MUB, as follows: middle group (A) included 17 cases, and the MUB was located at 40–60% of the distal ulna; and distal group (B) included 11 cases, and the MUB was located at 20–40% from the distal end of the ulna. The mean follow-up period was 33 months (range 6–102 months). At the last follow-up, all the children showed stable reduction of the radial head, and the flexion function of elbow joint improved after the operation (P < 0.05). Group A presented a larger ratio of maximum ulnar bow (R-MUB) and angle of ulnar osteotomy (OA) than group B (P < 0.05). The osteotomy angle was positively correlated with the R-MUB (R2 = 0.394, P = 0.038). The osteotomy angle was positively correlated with the P-MUB (R2 = 0.683, P = 0.000). The R-MUB was proportional to the P-MUB (R2 = 0.459, P < 0.0001). The regression equation of P-MUB and osteotomy angle was as follows: OA = 32.64* P-MUB + 7.206. If the ulnar bow was positioned at the middle ulna, then a stable reduction of radial head needed to be achieved through a large angle in the ulnar osteotomy. If the position of maximum ulnar bow (P-MUB) was closer to the middle of the ulna, or the ratio of maximum ulnar bow (R-MUB) was larger, then the osteotomy angle was larger.
Diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence approved for adults for the interpretation of pediatric chest radiographs
Authors: Shin Hyun Joo , Son Nak-Hoon , Kim Min Jung , Kim Eun-Kyung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) applied to pediatric chest radiographs are yet scarce. This study evaluated whether AI-based software developed for adult chest radiographs can be used for pediatric chest radiographs. Pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) who underwent chest radiographs from March to May 2021 were included retrospectively. An AI-based lesion detection software assessed the presence of nodules, consolidation, fibrosis, atelectasis, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and pneumoperitoneum. Using the pediatric radiologist’s results as standard reference, we assessed the diagnostic performance of the software. For the total 2273 chest radiographs, the AI-based software showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of 67.2%, 91.1%, 57.7%, 93.9%, and 87.5%, respectively. Age was a significant factor for incorrect results (odds radio 0.821, 95% confidence interval 0.791–0.851). When we excluded cardiomegaly and children 2 years old or younger, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy significantly increased (86.4%, 97.9%, 79.7%, 98.7% and 96.9%, respectively, all p < 0.001). In conclusion, AI-based software developed with adult chest radiographs showed diagnostic accuracies up to 96.9% for pediatric chest radiographs when we excluded cardiomegaly and children 2 years old or younger. AI-based lesion detection software needs to be validated in younger children.
Simultaneous determination of nereistoxin insecticides in foods of animal origins by combining pH-dependent reversible partitioning with hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Seung-Hyun , Choi Hoon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough nereistoxin insecticides (NIs) are banned for animal husbandry operations, they are still used because of their high insecticidal activities. Therefore, a reliable residue analysis method for the simultaneous detection of cartap, bensultap, thiocyclam, and nereistoxin in foods of animal origins, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, and eggs, was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HILIC–LC–MS/MS). The NIs were extracted with an acidic cysteine and formate buffer solution and hydrolyzed to nereistoxin. The molarity and pH of the buffer were optimized at 20 mM and 3, respectively, to keep the pH of the extracts at 4–5. pH-dependent acid–base partitioning coupled with salting-out-assisted liquid–liquid extraction using acetonitrile was performed for purification and for the direct introduction of the extracts to LC. The optimal pH values were 5 and 9 for the acid–base partitioning. Nereistoxin quantitation was achieved with consistent column retention (RSD < 0.6%) and a high degree of separation (N > 106). The matrix-dependent method limit of quantitation was 2 μg nereistoxin/kg, and the calibration curve showed good linearity (R2 > 0.998). The recovery efficiencies were in the range of 89.2–109.9% with relative standard deviations less than 10%, and matrix effects did not exceed ± 10%, which satisfied the criteria outlined in the European SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines.
Scientific evidence on the political impact of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Biermann Frank , Hickmann Thomas , Sénit Carole-Anne , Beisheim Marianne , Bernstein Steven , Chasek Pamela , Grob Leonie , Kim Rakhyun E. , Kotzé Louis J. , Nilsson Måns , Ordóñez Llanos Andrea , Okereke Chukwumerije , Pradhan Prajal , Raven Rob , Sun Yixian , Vijge Marjanneke J. , van Vuuren Detlef , Wicke Birka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 2015, the United Nations agreed on 17 Sustainable Development Goals as the central normative framework for sustainable development worldwide. The effectiveness of governing by such broad global goals, however, remains uncertain, and we lack comprehensive meta-studies that assess the political impact of the goals across countries and globally. We present here condensed evidence from an analysis of over 3,000 scientific studies on the Sustainable Development Goals published between 2016 and April 2021. Our findings suggests that the goals have had some political impact on institutions and policies, from local to global governance. This impact has been largely discursive, affecting the way actors understand and communicate about sustainable development. More profound normative and institutional impact, from legislative action to changing resource allocation, remains rare. We conclude that the scientific evidence suggests only limited transformative political impact of the Sustainable Development Goals thus far.
Altered differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stromal fibroblasts is associated with endometriosis susceptibility
Authors: McKinnon Brett D. , Lukowski Samuel W. , Mortlock Sally , Crawford Joanna , Atluri Sharat , Subramaniam Sugarniya , Johnston Rebecca L. , Nirgianakis Konstantinos , Tanaka Keisuke , Amoako Akwasi , Mueller Michael D. , Montgomery Grant W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCellular development is tightly regulated as mature cells with aberrant functions may initiate pathogenic processes. The endometrium is a highly regenerative tissue, shedding and regenerating each month. Endometrial stromal fibroblasts are regenerated each cycle from mesenchymal stem cells and play a pivotal role in endometriosis, a disease characterised by endometrial cells that grow outside the uterus. Why the cells of some women are more capable of developing into endometriosis lesions is not clear. Using isolated, purified and cultured endometrial cells of mesenchymal origin from 19 women with (n = 10) and without (n = 9) endometriosis we analysed the transcriptome of 33,758 individual cells and compared these to clinical characteristics and in vitro growth profiles. We show purified mesenchymal cell cultures include a mix of mesenchymal stem cells and two endometrial stromal fibroblast subtypes with distinct transcriptomic signatures indicative of varied progression through the differentiation processes. The fibroblast subgroup characterised by incomplete differentiation was predominantly (81%) derived from women with endometriosis and exhibited an altered in vitro growth profile. These results uncover an inherent difference in endometrial cells of women with endometriosis and highlight the relevance of cellular differentiation and its potential to contribute to disease susceptibility.
Cytokine release syndrome-like serum responses after COVID-19 vaccination are frequent and clinically inapparent under cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Walle Thomas , Bajaj Sunanjay , Kraske Joscha A. , Rösner Thomas , Cussigh Christiane S. , Kälber Katharina A. , Müller Lisa Jasmin , Strobel Sophia Boyoung , Burghaus Jana , Kallenberger Stefan M. , Stein-Thöringer Christoph K. , Jenzer Maximilian , Schubert Antonia , Kahle Steffen , Williams Anja , Hoyler Birgit , Zielske Lin , Skatula Renate , Sawall Stefanie , Leber Mathias F. , Kunes Russell Z. , Krisam Johannes , Fremd Carlo , Schneeweiss Andreas , Krauss Jürgen , Apostolidis Leonidas , Berger Anne Katrin , Haag Georg M. , Zschäbitz Stefanie , Halama Niels , Springfeld Christoph , Kirsten Romy , Hassel Jessica C. , Jäger Dirk ,   NCT ANTICIPATE Investigators, Cussigh Christiane S. , Kälber Katharina A. , Abdelrahim Omar , Busch Elena , Derigs Patrick , Dischinger Katharina , Mitri Fouad , Schmidt Kerstin , Bhatti Irfan A. , Grün Barbara , Hohmann Nicolas , Woydack Lena , Zhang Xin-Wen , Ferber Dyke , Mock Andreas , Pompecki Tillmann , Schank Timo , Fremd Carlo , Haag Georg M. , Halama Niels , Kirsten Romy , Hassel Jessica C. , Jäger Dirk , Ungerechts Guy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients with cancer frequently receive immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which may modulate immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Recently, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in a patient with cancer who received BTN162b2 vaccination under ICI treatment. Here, we analyzed adverse events and serum cytokines in patients with 23 different tumors undergoing (n = 64) or not undergoing (n = 26) COVID-19 vaccination under ICI therapy in a prospectively planned German single-center cohort study (n = 220). We did not observe clinically relevant CRS (≥grade 2) after vaccination (95% CI 0–5.6%; Common Terminology of Adverse Events v.5.0) in this small cohort. Within 4 weeks after vaccination, serious adverse events occurred in eight patients (12.5% 95% CI 5.6–23%): six patients were hospitalized due to events common under cancer therapy including immune related adverse events and two patients died due to conditions present before vaccination. Despite absence of CRS symptoms, a set of pairwise-correlated CRS-associated cytokines, including CXCL8 and interleukin-6 was >1.5-fold upregulated in 40% (95% CI 23.9–57.9%) of patients after vaccination. Hence, elevated cytokine levels are common and not sufficient to establish CRS diagnosis.
CRISPR screening in cancer stem cells
Authors: Wang Bei , Wong Alan S.L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal ability. Increasing evidence points to the critical roles of CSCs in tumorigenesis, metastasis, therapy resistance, and cancer relapse. As such, the elimination of CSCs improves cancer treatment outcomes. However, challenges remain due to limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing self-renewal and survival of CSCs. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 screening has been increasingly used to identify genetic determinants in cancers. In this primer, we discuss the progress made and emerging opportunities of coupling advanced CRISPR screening systems with CSC models to reveal the understudied vulnerabilities of CSCs.