bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perceived gap between need(ed) and mandated training "mind the gap"
Authors: Richards P. G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the years there have been aircraft accidents and incidents where crews have been found in error. Many times the errors were found with hindsight to have been compounded by poor checklists and inadequate design. Of particular concern to the author is the dilemma of ‘smoke and fire of unknown origin’. This is a serious emergency with little time for complex troubleshooting. It is a human factors classic ‘fight or flee’ scenario. Research among the major UK airlines, assisted by the UK Flight Safety Committee, has revealed that there is an inconsistency in direction as to when to recommend divert and land as of paramount importance. Thus a gap is created and those believed to be responsible identified. The author has experienced several instances and takes the opportunity to describe one of them. Lessons are included on work being done in modifying aircrew training to cater for the removal of the flight engineer. Design recommendations are made and warnings given about the future. Should recommendations in the wake of accidents and incidents be ‘risk managed’ by the regulators? Ultimately, the crews are forced to rely on their checklist handling and limited technical knowledge that sometimes means that the gap is too wide and an incident occurs. The paper is a collaborative effort prepared by the author on behalf of the RAeS Flight Operations Group (FOG) but the author alone is responsible for the version published.
Repeated brittle reactivations of a pre-existing plastic shear zone: combined K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology of the long-lived (>700 Ma) Himdalen–Ørje Deformation Zone, SE Norway
Authors: Torgersen Espen , Gabrielsen Roy H. , Ganerød Morgan , van der Lelij Roelant , Schönenberger Jasmin , Nystuen Johan Petter , Brask Sofie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrittle reactivation of plastic shear zones is frequently observed in geologically old terranes. To better understand such deformation zones, we have studied the >700 Ma long structural history of the Himdalen–Ørje Deformation Zone (HØDZ) in SE Norway by K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology, and structural characterization. Several generations of mylonites make up the ductile part of HØDZ, the Ørje Shear Zone. A 40Ar–39Ar white mica plateau age of 908.6 ± 7.0 Ma constrains the timing of extensional reactivation of the Ørje mylonite. The mylonite is extensively reworked during brittle deformation events by the Himdalen Fault. 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages of 375.0 ± 22.7 Ma and 351.7 ± 4.4 Ma from pseudotachylite veins and K–Ar ages of authigenic illite in fault gouge at c. 380 Ma are interpreted to date initial brittle deformation, possibly associated with the Variscan orogeny. Major brittle deformation during the Early–Mid Permian Oslo Rift is documented by a 40Ar–39Ar pseudotachylite plateau age of 294.6 ± 5.2 Ma and a K–Ar fault gouge age of c. 270 Ma. The last datable faulting event is constrained by the finest size fraction in three separate gouges at c. 200 Ma. The study demonstrates that multiple geologically significant K–Ar ages can be constrained from fault gouges within the same fault core by combining careful field sampling, structural characterization, detailed mineralogy and illite crystallinity analysis. We suggest that initial localization of brittle strain along plastic shear zones is controlled by mechanical anisotropy of parallel-oriented, throughgoing phyllosilicate-rich foliation planes within the mylonitic fabric.
United States Government Figures on Latin American Military Expenditures
Authors: Needler Martin C. 
Published: October 2022

As all good social scientists know, to analyze a problem properly one needs hard data, the harder the better. The United States government thinks so too, and is a prolific producer and consumer of statistics. If one wishes to do research on the military expenditures of the Latin American countries, for example, one has available not one but at least four sets of statistics complied by or for the federal government.At this point, however, difficulties emerge: these sets of statistics not only are not identical, but often differ so drastically that they lead to diametrically opposed conclusions.
On the Viability of a Policy for Science and Technology in Mexico
Authors: Wionczek Miguel S. 
Published: October 2022

During the National Conference on Education, Science, and Technology, held in June 1976 as part of the political campaign just prior to the change of administrations, the spokesman for the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) stated, in the presence of the incoming president of Mexico, that:It is presently impossible to doubt the need for a policy on science and technology in Mexico. Such a policy should not base the country's scientific and technological development upon the never-ceasing imitation of the research lines and technological solutions of the advanced countries. It is necessary for us to look for our own model of scientific and technological development.
The Latin American Church
Authors: Lernoux Penny 
Published: October 2022

Few events in Latin America have attracted so many journalists as Pope John Paul's visit to Mexico in January 1979. Few have been so poorly reported.The contradiction is a reflection of coverage of Latin America in general: of the more than one thousand reporters present in Mexico, only a handful, mostly from the Catholic press, had a background in both religious affairs and Latin America. The vast majority did not speak Spanish, knew nothing about Latin America's Catholic Church, and had only a rudimentary understanding of Vatican affairs, which are Byzantinely complex even for the initiated; “color,” therefore, substituted for in-depth reporting. But then journalists are not the only ones ignorant of the Latin American Church. When the Senate Foreign Relations Committee questioned intelligence representatives on the National Security Council about Catholic leaders in Latin America, in regard to the United States' “unpreparedness” for the religious upheaval in Iran, they reportedly could not name a single one.
The Collapse of Democracy in Brazil: Its Economic Determinants
Authors: Wallerstein Michael 
Published: October 2022

Perhaps the most common generalization linking political systems to other aspects of society has been that democracy is related to the state of economic development. The more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances that it will sustain democracy.(Lipset 1960, p. 31)There are few examples in the history of Latin American studies of such generally accepted “facts” that were so contradicted by subsequent events as the association of democratic politics with industrial economies. Lipset's (1960) simple comparative study of Latin American nations in which he found a striking positive correlation between the degree of economic development and the extent of democracy in the late 1950s has been upset. The military coup d'état that abolished democracy in Brazil in 1964 turned out to be not a unique event, but the first of a series of military takeovers throughout the most industrialized nations of South America: Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile. For this reason, the study of the demise of electoral politics in Brazil acquires a new significance. And for this reason also, analysts are inclined to attempt explanations in terms of structural causes common to all capitalist nations on the periphery. The purpose of this paper is to examine one set of such explanations: those in which economic conditions play the major role.
The Southwestern Council of Latin American Studies
Authors: Johnson Harvey L. 
Published: October 2022

“It is we in the borderlands who have the strongest bonds with our Latin neighbors. We of all North Americans best know and appreciate their brilliant minds, their generous hearts, and their delicate culture.”Herbert Eugene BoltonHoping to stimulate undergraduate as well as graduate students of the University of Houston and residents of the city to consider critically and constructively our country's relations with Latin America—their knowledge seemed to be limited to a tiny bag of clichés relative to Fidel Castro, military dictatorships, ownership of the Panama Canal, Mexican braceros, etc.—Harvey L. Johnson, professor of Spanish and Portuguese and acting director of Latin American Studies at the University of Houston, arranged a one-day conference on 19 March 1966 that featured two lectures and discussions led by members of the faculty plus a luncheon address, “The Epic Poem of Latin America” by Rafael Squirru, Argentine poet and critic and director of the Cultural Division of the Pan American Union. At a general meeting, the coordinator of the program raised the question about founding a council of Latin American studies for the southwest. Wholehearted support was manifest. In November of the same year, a three-day conference, sponsored by Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, and coordinated by Richard A. Johnson, its director of Interdisciplinary Area Programs, focused on the subject “The Confluence of the Cultures of the Americas.” Among the speakers were the Honorable Fulton Freeman, United States ambassador to Mexico; Luther H. Evans, director of International Collections at Columbia University; several distinguished professors from various Mexican universities; and Howard F. Cline, director of the Hispanic Foundation. At the close of the conference an informal meeting was convened, with Richard A. Johnson serving as chairman, for the purpose of considering the desirability of establishing in Texas a regional association of Latin American studies. A motion to create it carried, but in the general discussion regarding the implementation of the proposal it was decided to await the outcome of the final decision to be reached at the conference scheduled for April 1967, at the University of Houston. Although the organization was postponed, the group recognized, nevertheless, the need to have a committee appointed to draft a constitution and bylaws prior to the meeting in Houston.
Patrons and Clients in the Bureaucracy: Career Networks In Mexico
Authors: Grindle Merilee S. 
Published: October 2022

As you know, we have an institution called the sexenio when everything changes.And we're here now for six years. You know how we all come in and get thrown out at the sexenio.If someone has a chief who is capable and has the prospects for a good future, then that person will probably think, “Perhaps I can go with him at the sexenio”; and it happens in reverse, too, if someone has a chief who is not particularly capable but who has influential friends, some will want to follow him. There are a lot of changes and it affects our program, especially when people stop working to pursue their futures.
New Strategies for the Comparative Analysis of Latin American Politics
Authors: Schmitter Philippe C. 
Published: October 2022

… We now live in an era in which it is scarcely worthwhile to lie without statistics.Raymond BauerSeveral years ago, students of Latin American politics discovered with some alarm that the subdiscipline of comparative politics had not only been ignoring their scholarly efforts, but the area altogether. At that time the principal focus of discontent was conceptualization. Classification systems, typologies, checklists, functions and isolated concepts about the politics of transition were being derived and applied without reference to and relevance for Latin America. While the terminological estrangement has by no means ended, some reconciliation has subsequently occurred. Recent theoretical works make occasional references to the area. It has become essential for all readers or collections of essays on political development to contain at least one (often the same) article on Latin American politics. Conversely, new research in Latin America has been increasingly sensitive to approaches prevalent in the general comparative politics literature.
The Making of a Revolutionary: A Fidel Castro Bibliography (1947-1958)
Authors: Bonachea Rolando E. , Valdés Nelson P. 
Published: October 2022

Understand the cuban revolutionary process it is Necessary to comprehend the milieu in which Fidel Castro acquired his political ideas and the manner in which he led the revolutionary struggle against the Batista regime. Recognizing these factors, the authors have prepared this bibliography in order to offer a tool for the scholarly analysis of Fidel Castro over a twelveyearperiod, from 1947 to January 1959.Prior to 1952, writings by Fidel Castro are sketchy and hard to find. For instance, in the early 1940's, Fidel was a university leader and participated in a political group called Union Insurreccional Revolucionaria, but most of his speeches were not transcribed or recorded. Furthermore, in 1950-1951, he travelled throughout Cuba speaking on behalf of the Partido del Pueblo Cubano.Copies of the speeches were kept, but we have been unable to consult them because many were published in the Havana newspapers Aleria and La Calle, neither of which can be found in the United States.
The Female in Ibero-America: An Essay on Research Bibliography and Research Directions
Authors: Pescatello Ann 
Published: October 2022

“Woman has always been for man the ‘other,‘ his opposite and complement.”Scholars of Latin America Have Recently Concerned Themselves With socially-oriented studies—not merely of structures, institutions, or groups, but about the individuals who comprise those entities. Despite analyses of political and military elites, students, peasants, blacks, and immigrants, little scholarly work has been undertaken on man's “other,” the female. Only now are studies on the largest single sub-grouping in society beginning to appear, and these are primarily the work of women scholars. The undertaking is rife with problems, not the least of which is the lack of any comprehensive guide to sources or research directions. Few major subjects suffer such a lack of core bibliography, methodological apparati, or thematic models as does the subject of the female. In an attempt to redress the balance and to encourage the study of man's “opposite and complement,” I present here an essay dealing with research directions and a core of works on the female in Ibero-America.
THE DISUNITY OF LEGAL REALITY
Authors: Plunkett David , Wodak Daniel 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTTake “legal reality” to be the part of reality that actual legal thought and talk is distinctively about, such as legal institutions, legal obligations, and legal norms. Our goal is to explore whether legal reality is disunified. To illustrate the issue, consider the possibility that an important metaphysical thesis such as positivism is true of one part of legal reality (legal institutions), but not another (legal norms). We offer two arguments that suggest that legal reality is disunified: one concerns the heterogeneity of different entities that are part of legal reality; the other concerns variation within legal thought and talk. We then show that taking the possibility of the disunity of legal reality seriously has important upshots for how we think about the positivist and antipositivist traditions, the debate between them, and their relation to other parts of legal theory, such as critical legal theory and legal realism.
SyConn2: dense synaptic connectivity inference for volume electron microscopy
Authors: Schubert Philipp J. , Dorkenwald Sven , Januszewski Michał , Klimesch Jonathan , Svara Fabian , Mancu Andrei , Ahmad Hashir , Fee Michale S. , Jain Viren , Kornfeld Joergen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ability to acquire ever larger datasets of brain tissue using volume electron microscopy leads to an increasing demand for the automated extraction of connectomic information. We introduce SyConn2, an open-source connectome analysis toolkit, which works with both on-site high-performance compute environments and rentable cloud computing clusters. SyConn2 was tested on connectomic datasets with more than 10 million synapses, provides a web-based visualization interface and makes these data amenable to complex anatomical and neuronal connectivity queries.
Development of an ex-vivo porcine lower urinary tract model to evaluate the performance of urinary catheters
Authors: Tentor Fabio , Grønholt Schrøder Brit , Nielsen Simon , Schertiger Lars , Stærk Kristian , Emil Andersen Thomas , Bagi Per , Feldskov Nielsen Lene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntermittent catheterization is the gold standard method for bladder management in individuals with urinary retention and/or incontinence. It is therefore important to understand the performance of urinary catheters, especially on parameters associated to risks of developing urinary tract infections, and that may impact the quality of life for urinary catheter users. Examples of such parameters include, urine flowrate, occurrence of flow-stops, and residual urine left in the bladder after flow-stop. Reliable in-vitro and/or ex-vivo laboratory models represent a strong asset to assess the performance of urinary catheters, preceding and guiding in-vivo animal studies and/or human clinical studies. Existing laboratory models are generally simplified, covering only portions of the catheterization process, or poorly reflect clinical procedures. In this work, we developed an ex-vivo porcine lower urinary tract model that better reflects the catheterization procedure in humans and allows to investigate the performance of standard of care catheters. The performance of three standard of care catheters was investigated in the developed model showing significant differences in terms of flowrate. No differences were detected in terms of residual volume in the bladder at first flow-stop also when tuning the abdominal pressure to mimic a sitting down and standing up position. A newly discovered phenomenon named hammering was detected and measured. Lastly, mucosal suction was observed and measured in all standard of care catheters, raising the concern for microtrauma during catheterization and a need for new and improved urinary catheter designs. Results obtained with the ex-vivo model were compared to in-vivo studies, highlighting similar concerns.
Mannose-enthaltende Nahrungsergänzungsmittel – wie
sieht die Qualitätssituation aus?
Authors: Lechtenberg Matthias , Quandt-Rusch Bettina , Hensel Andreas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungUnkomplizierte Harnwegsinfektionen gehören zu den am häufigsten
vorkommenden Infekten und betreffen einen großen Teil der
Bevölkerung. Neben der antibiotischen und/oder
phytotherapeutischen Behandlung wird häufig D-Mannose eingesetzt, dies
auch im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Rezidivprophylaxe. D-Mannose
interagiert mit einem Mannose-bindenden Protein (FimH) der Fimbrien
uropathogener E. coli und blockiert damit die Interaktion und
Adhäsion des Bakteriums mit der humanen Wirtszelle. Zurzeit bestehen
keine Arzneimittelzulassungen für D-Mannose. Im Markt verfügbare
Präparate werden den beiden Produktsegmenten
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (NEM) oder Medizinprodukte zugeordnet.Da NEM im Rahmen verschiedener analytischer Prüfungen teilweise deutliche
Qualitätsmängel aufwiesen, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein
repräsentativer Querschnitt an Mannose-Präparaten des Handels
untersucht. Der D-Mannose-Gehalt wurde mit einer spezifischen
chromatographischen Methode (HPLC-IEC-PAD) untersucht. Erfreulicherweise
erwiesen sich alle Untersuchungsmuster als spezifikationsgerecht.
Geschichte der Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie im Klinikum Spandau
Authors: Harth Wolfgang , Albrecht Gisela 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel beschreibt die Historie der renommierten Hautklinik in Spandau, die heute zum Vivantes Netzwerk gehört. Die bewegte Geschichte ist nur in enger Verknüpfung mit den historischen Abläufen sowie charakterstarken dermatologischen Chefärztinnen und Chefärzten zu verstehen. Die Autoren möchten Sie mit auf eine Zeitreise der Veränderungen und individuellen Lebensläufe der dermatologischen Protagonisten nehmen, immer getragen von dem leidenschaftlichen Engagement der Hauptdarsteller und der Faszination am wunderschönen Fachgebiet Dermatologie.
Hybridtumor eines Riesenzellfibroblastoms und eines Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Boede Marcel , Tillig Bernd , Zimmermann Ulrike , Guski Silja , Hillen Uwe 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über ein zum Zeitpunkt der Erstmanifestation 10 Monate altes Kind mit einem Hybridtumor aus Riesenzellfibroblastom (RZFB) und Dermatofibrosarkoma protuberans (DFSP). Das RZFB ist ein seltener Tumor, der mit dem DFSP die Translokation (t17;22) (q22;13) und immunphänotypische Eigenschaften teilt und daher von seinen Erstbeschreibern als kindliche Form des DFSP eingeordnet wurde. Das RZFB hat mit einer Kombination aus Spindelzellproliferaten, häufig hypozellulären Arealen mit kollagenfaserreichem oder myxoidem Stroma, sinusoid-artigen pseudovaskulären Aufweitungen zwischen den Kollagenfasern, die von multinukleären Riesenzellen umsäumt werden, jedoch ein ihm eigenes histologisches Bild. Das RZFB, das sich klinisch als langsam wachsende, i.d.R. schmerzlose Schwellung manifestiert, tritt präferentiell im Kindesalter auf. Das mittlere Erkrankungsalter liegt bei 6 Jahren. Die Therapie der Wahl ist die Exzision mit einem ausreichenden Sicherheitsabstand. Unsere junge Patientin zeigt ein Jahr nach Exzision mit 2 cm Sicherheitsabstand einen rezidivfreien Verlauf.
Keratosis pilaris-artige Mycosis fungoides bei einem Kind
Authors: Boede Marcel , Gellrich Sylke , Hillen Uwe 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Mycosis fungoides (MF) im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist selten und macht 0,5–7% der MF-Fälle aus. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind häufiger MF-Varianten als die klassische MF zu beobachten. Wir berichten über einen 11 Jahre alten Jungen mit einer Keratosis pilaris-artigen MF (KPMF). Die KPMF ist eine seltene Manifestation der follikulotropen MF, die sich mit umschriebenen follikulären Papeln mit spikeartigen Hyperkeratosen darstellt, ggf. begleitet von mildem Juckreiz. Da die Läsionen sehr unscheinbar sein können, wird die Diagnose einer MF oft zunächst nicht in Betracht gezogen, sondern an eine Keratosis pilaris, einen Lichen spinulosus, Lichen planopilaris oder multiple filiforme Hyperkeratosen gedacht. Unter Therapie mit topischen Glukokortikoiden in Kombination mit einer Creme-PUVA-Therapie konnte bei unserem Patienten eine vollständige Remission erreicht werden. In nunmehr 3 Jahren nach Erstdiagnose traten mehrfach Rezidive auf, die jeweils mit hautgerichteter Therapie in komplette Remission gebracht werden konnten.
Post-release survivorship of 18 years in a hand-reared grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) revealed by a metal identification band
Authors: Mo Matthew , Cross Stephen , Boyd Keely 
Published: October 2022

An understanding of the factors associated with post-release survivorship in rehabilitated animals is instrumental for evaluating best-practice rehabilitation and release methods to ultimately achieve optimal conservation outcomes. However, there is almost nothing reported in the scientific literature concerning post-release survivorship in hand-reared flying-foxes, with the only published study to date suggesting that hand-reared flying-foxes have significantly reduced mean longevity following release. We report a case of a hand-reared grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) that was fitted with a metal identification band when it was released in 2004 and recovered alive in 2022. This information provides clear evidence of this individual having post-release survivorship of 18 years. The distance between the release and recovery locations was approximately 297 km, corresponding with the species’ known nomadism. Based on the current scientific information on longevity in the grey-headed flying-fox, this individual would be considered an old animal.