bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘It’s All About Context’: Building School Capacity to Implement a Whole-School Approach to Bullying
Authors: Pearce Natasha , Monks Helen , Alderman Narelle , Hearn Lydia , Burns Sharyn , Runions Kevin , Francis Jacinta , Cross Donna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Student bullying behaviours are a significant social issue in schools worldwide. Whilst school staff have access to quality bullying prevention interventions, schools can face significant challenges implementing the whole-school approach required to address the complexity of these behaviours. This study aimed to understand how schools’ capacity to implement whole-school bullying prevention interventions could be strengthened to promote sustainability and improve student outcomes. Qualitative methods were used to observe schools over time to gain insight into their implementation capacity to improve student social and emotional wellbeing and prevent and ameliorate harm from bullying. A four-year longitudinal, multi-site case study intensively followed eight schools’ implementation of Friendly Schools, an Australian evidenced-based whole-school bullying prevention intervention. Regular in-depth interviews with school leaders and implementation teams over four years led to the refinement of a staged-implementation process and capacity building tools and revealed four common drivers of implementation quality: (1) strong, committed leadership; (2) organisational structures, processes and resources; (3) staff competencies and commitment; and (4) translating evidence into local school policy and practice. This paper considers the strengths of qualitative data in understanding how and why bullying prevention interventions work as well as actions schools can take to enhance their implementation and sustainability of complex social interventions.
Aberrant DNA methylation in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: He Shujiao , Zhou Jingfeng , Yu Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Various studies showed that t(8;21) AML presented a distinct DNA methylation profile and could be categorized into a separate cluster according to DNA methylation sequencing. Yet, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the causes and mechanisms of this phenomenon. Knowing how the DNA methylation is regulated in t(8;21) AML would enhance our understanding of leukemogenesis and may assist clinical decision-making regarding DNA methylation-targeted therapy. Herein, we summarized our current knowledge concerning DNA methylation regulation in t(8;21) AML and discussed their potential clinical significance in this article.
Why Should Educators Receive Training in Childhood Trauma?
Authors: Garay Beatriz , Lasarte Gema , Corres-Medrano Irune , Santamaría-Goicuria Imanol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe principal objective of this article is to analyse the importance of the teacher in early childhood adversity (Felitti et al., American Journal of Preventive Medicine,14, 245–258, 1998) and attachment disorders (Barudy & Dantagan, 2005). The paradigms “trauma-aware” and “trauma-informed” are proposed as a tools for change in the educational approach in order to help children who have suffered adverse experiences. We focus on the Anglo-Saxon context, where there are educational experiences that have been studied from this perspective for more than two decades, in contrast to the Spanish educational reality in this respect. A systematic literature review was carried out from 2015 to 2021 in nine scientific databases, taking into account the guidelines of the PRISMA Declaration (Urrútia & Bonfill, Médica Clínica,135(11), 507–511, 2010). Next, the content was analysed with the help of the NVivo 12 program. It was found that, despite the existence of abundant theoretical literature on this subject in Spain, there are no references of practical experiences, and those that may exist are isolated and personal and are not included in the databases. Therefore, teachers in training lack practical references to deal with childhood trauma in daily educational practice. There is a need for the dissemination of trauma-aware Anglo-Saxon teaching practices.
MedDRA Labeling Groupings to Improve Safety Communication in Product Labels
Authors: Große-Michaelis Ilona , Proestel Scott , Rao Radhika M. , Dillman Brian S. , Bader-Weder Silvia , Macdonald Lynn , Gregory William 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe granularity and structure of the International Council for Harmonisation’s (ICH) Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) are useful for precise coding of adverse events (AEs) for data analysis. In product labeling for healthcare practitioners, however, the granularity of MedDRA Preferred Terms (PTs) can obscure the communication of adverse reactions (ARs). Driven by a focus on patient safety, business needs, and regulatory guidance, many sponsors and regulators have begun to develop institution-specific approaches to clustering similar AR terms in medical product prescribing information on a product-by-product basis. However, there are no agreed upon conventions that describe which AR terms may be appropriate to group together. In order to improve safety communication to patients and healthcare providers, there is an urgent need for a harmonized international approach to the creation and use of groups of MedDRA PTs which we refer to as “MedDRA Labeling Groupings (MLGs)” in medical product prescribing information. Given its long-standing contributions towards the design of Standardised MedDRA Queries (SMQs), the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) convened an Expert Working Group (EWG) with involvement of multiple major stakeholders to produce a consensus document on principles and points to consider in the development of MLGs. The CIOMS MLG EWG identified variations in grouping of MedDRA PTs in product labels, and in the current document, proposes a strategy for improving the communication of drug safety labeling. It is envisaged that the use of these consensus recommendations would be voluntary and applied to product labels in a manner that is consistent with existing regulatory frameworks.
Palmatine Alleviates Acute Myocardial Infarction Through Activating pAMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mouse Model
Authors: Hao Mingxiu , Jiao Kunli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction is one of the major leading causes for heart failure, which can lead to the irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes and impaired cardiac function. Hence, the efficient therapeutic agents are still urgent. Our study aimed to explore the role of a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, palmatine, in an acute myocardial infarction mouse model. In this study, intragastric administrated palmatine significantly enhanced left ventricle ejection fraction and left ventricle end-systolic of infarcted mice heart. Meanwhile, palmatine administration partially recovered myocardial structure and attenuated the cardiac fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In addition, the usage of palmatine further enhanced the increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 level, reduced the elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta level in the myocardium of acute myocardial infarction–induced mice, as well as elevated the reduced superoxide dismutase production and inhibited the increased malondialdehyde secretion in infarcted myocardium of mice. Meanwhile, acute myocardial infarction led the significant upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X and downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 in the myocardium, and palmatine administration statistically enabled to recover the expression changes of these two apoptosis-related proteins. Moreover, palmatine administration obviously elevated the expression levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 in the myocardium of acute myocardial infarction–induced mice. In a word, our study indicated that palmatine could protect infarcted myocardium of mice from apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Our results suggested that palmatine might be a novel therapeutic agent for acute myocardial infarction.
Graphical Abstract
On Performance of a Simple Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm on the Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree Problem
Authors: Lai Xinsheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe constrained optimization problems can be transformed into multi-objective optimization problems, and thus can be optimized by multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. This method has been successfully used to solve the constrained optimization problems. However, little theoretical work has been done on the performance of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for the constrained optimization problems. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the performance of a multi-objective evolutionary algorithms on the constrained minimum spanning tree problem. First, we theoretically prove that the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is capable of finding a (2,1)-approximation solution for the constrained minimum spanning tree problem in a pseudopolynomial runtime. Then, this simple multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is shown to be efficient on a constructed instance of the problem.
Human utilization of mega-deltas: the importance of tidally modulated ground surface elevation
Authors: Gao Shu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman development of mega-deltas is influenced by the elevation of delta ground surface. The elevation, modulated by the largest tidal range, influences the inundation pattern during storm surges, or the degree of risk in the presence of a sea dyke. However, the tidal modulation may be interrupted by nature or human induced subsidence or sediment starvation. Thus, the dynamics of the elevation should be studied in order to optimize the techniques to maintain the tidally modulated elevation. Furthermore, appropriate engineering schemes may be adopted to improve the deltaic geomorphological condition.
The Dilemma of Diasporic Africans: Adger Emerson Player and Anti-Americanism in Kwame Nkrumah’s Ghana
Authors: Amoh Emmanuella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPostcolonial Ghana faced many challenges, which led to a hunt for saboteurs of Black liberation epitomized in anti-Americanism. In 1964, Adger Emerson Player, an African American, rescued the United States flag from a Ghanaian anti-American demonstration. The differing interpretations of Player’s deed by Ghanaians and Americans reveal the contestation between racial and national identities, which is also a facet of the broader diasporic African identity dilemmas. Amoh examines this incident within the context of post-independence Ghana and the U.S. Civil Rights struggle to highlight the complexity of diasporic Africans’ relations with Africa and ongoing debates on the substance of pan-Africanism and global Blackness.
Do nudges increase consumer search and switching? Evidence from financial markets
Authors: Vasas Zita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs nudge interventions have become more popular, academic research is developing that assesses to what extent these interventions are effective. My paper contributes to this stream of research: collating and synthesising evidence on the effectiveness of nudge interventions that aim to increase consumer search and switching in retail financial markets. Following a systematic search strategy, I identify 35 relevant papers, including qualitative studies, laboratory experiments, field experiments and ex post analyses, covering a range of retail financial products and different types of nudges. The review results in two main contributions. First, it demonstrates that different study designs serve different purposes in evidence accumulation. Second, based on over 400 estimates extracted from these papers, it establishes that the currently available evidence shows that nudges increase consumer search and switching in retail financial markets by 2–3 percentage points on average. Structural nudges that change the choice architecture more profoundly have a higher impact on search and switching than nudges that provide, simplify or highlight information. While nudge interventions may be efficient on a cost–benefit basis and can lead to a large increase in relative terms (e.g. doubling switching rates from 1% to 2%), regulators cannot expect them to significantly alter consumer behaviour.
Pediatric infectious disease physician perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship programs
Authors: Lake Jason G. , Durkin Michael J. , Polgreen Philip M. , Beekmann Susan E. , Hersh Adam L. , Newland Jason G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) improve antibiotic use for hospitalized children. Prescriber surveys indicate acceptance of ASPs, but data on infectious diseases (ID) physician opinions of ASPs are lacking. We conducted a survey of pediatric ID physicians, ASP and non-ASP, and their perceptions of ASP practices and outcomes.
Evaluation of hospital blood culture utilization rates to identify opportunities for diagnostic stewardship
Authors: Warren Bobby G. , Yarrington Michael E. , Polage Christopher R. , Anderson Deverick J. , Moehring Rebekah W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the pattern of blood-culture utilization among a cohort of 6 hospitals to identify potential opportunities for diagnostic stewardship.Methods:We completed a retrospective analysis of blood-culture utilization during adult inpatient or emergency department (ED) encounters in 6 hospitals from May 2019 to April 2020. We investigated 2 measures of blood-culture utilization rates (BCURs): the total number of blood cultures, defined as a unique accession number per 1,000 patient days (BCX) and a new metric of blood-culture events per 1,000 patient days to account for paired culture practices. We defined a blood-culture event as an initial blood culture and all subsequent samples for culture drawn within 12 hours for patients with an inpatient or ED encounter. Cultures were evaluated by unit type, positivity and contamination rates, and other markers evaluating the quality of blood-culture collection.Results:In total, 111,520 blood cultures, 52,550 blood culture events, 165,456 inpatient admissions, and 568,928 patient days were analyzed. Overall, the mean BCUR was 196 blood cultures per 1,000 patient days, with 92 blood culture events per 1,000 patient days (range, 64–155 among hospitals). Furthermore, 7% of blood-culture events were single culture events, 55% began in the ED, and 77% occurred in the first 3 hospital days. Among all blood cultures, 7.7% grew a likely pathogen, 2.1% were contaminated, and 5.9% of first blood cultures were collected after the initiation of antibiotics.Conclusions:Blood-culture utilization varied by hospital and was heavily influenced by ED culture volumes. Hospital comparisons of blood-culture metrics can assist in identifying opportunities to optimize blood-culture collection practices.
The decay of stably stratified grid turbulence in a viscosity-affected stratified flow regime
Authors: Watanabe Tomoaki , Zheng Yulin , Nagata Koji 
Published: August 2022

The decay of stably stratified turbulence generated by a towed rake of vertical plates is investigated by direct numerical simulations (DNS) of temporally evolving grid turbulence in a linearly stratified fluid. The Reynolds number

$Re_M=U_0M/\nu$

is 5000 or 10 000 while the Froude number

$Fr_M=U_0/MN$

is between 0.1 and 6 (

$U_0$

: towing speed;

$M$

: mesh size;

$\nu$

: kinematic viscosity;

$N$

: Brunt–Väisälä frequency). The DNS results are compared with the theory of stably stratified axisymmetric Saffman turbulence. Here, the theory is extended to a viscosity-affected stratified flow regime with low buoyancy Reynolds number

$Re_b$

, and power laws are derived for the temporal variations of the horizontal velocity scale (

$U_H$

) and the horizontal and vertical integral length scales (

$L_H$

and

$L_V$

). Temporal grid turbulence initialized with the mean velocity deficit of wakes exhibits a

$k^{2}$

energy spectrum at a low-wavenumber range and invariance of

$U_H^2L_H^2L_V$

, which are the signatures of axisymmetric Saffman turbulence. The decay of various quantities follows the power laws predicted for low-

$Re_b$

Saffman turbulence when

$Fr_M$

is sufficiently small. However, the decay of

$U_H^2$

at

$Fr_M=6$

is no longer expressed by a power law with a constant exponent. This behaviour is related to the scaling of kinetic energy dissipation rate

$\varepsilon$

, for which

$\alpha =\varepsilon /(U_H^3/L_H)$

is constant during the decay for

$Fr_M\leq 1$

while it varies with time for

$Fr_M=6$

. We also examine the experimental data of towed-grid experiments by Praud et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 522, 2005, pp. 1–33), which is shown to agree with the theory of low-

$Re_b$

Saffman turbulence.
Comparison of MODIS surface temperatures to in situ measurements on the Greenland Ice Sheet from 2014 to 2017
Authors: Zikan Karina H. , Adolph Alden C. , Brown Wesley P. , Fausto Robert S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRemotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) data, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST thermal infrared products, are useful for monitoring surface processes on the Greenland Ice Sheet in remote areas but must be validated to ensure accuracy. Using data from the Programme for Monitoring the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE), we conducted a MODIS LST validation (MOD/MYD11 C6 swath level product) using radiometric in-situ skin temperature records from 2014 to 2017 over 17 PROMICE sites mostly in the ice sheet's ablation zone. There is a significant cold bias in MODIS LST when compared to PROMICE skin temperature, particularly when PROMICE records temperatures below 0°C (mean bias: 2.4 ± 0.01°C mean ± standard error, RMSE = 3.2°C). Multiple linear regression analysis reveals the difference between MODIS LST and PROMICE skin temperature is larger at lower temperatures, lower latent heat fluxes and higher specific humidity. Our results confirm the presence of a progressive cold bias in the MODIS LST that should be considered in use of this product, and we identify and corroborate areas for ongoing algorithm development.
A CHARACTERISATION OF MATRIX RINGS
Authors: GOYAL DIMPLE RANI , KHURANA DINESH 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe prove that a ring R is an
$n \times n$
matrix ring (that is,
$R \cong \mathbb {M}_n(S)$
for some ring S) if and only if there exists a (von Neumann) regular element x in R such that
$l_R(x) = R{x^{n-1}}$
. As applications, we prove some new results, strengthen some known results and provide easier proofs of other results. For instance, we prove that if a ring R has elements x and y such that
$x^n = 0$
,
$Rx+Ry = R$
and
$Ry \cap l_{R}(x^{n-1}) = 0$
, then R is an
$n \times n$
matrix ring. This improves a result of Fuchs [‘A characterisation result for matrix rings’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.43 (1991), 265–267] where it is proved assuming further that the element y is nilpotent of index two and
$x+y$
is a unit. For an ideal I of a ring R, we prove that the ring
$(\begin {smallmatrix} R & I \\ R & R \end {smallmatrix})$
is a
$2 \times 2$
matrix ring if and only if
$R/I$
is so.
Associations of diet quality, food consumption, eating frequency and eating behaviour with dental caries experience in Finnish children: a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Virkkala Veera F. , Eloranta Aino-Maija , Suominen Anna Liisa , Vierola Anu , Ikävalko Tiina , Väistö Juuso , Mikkonen Santtu , Methuen Mirja , Schwab Ursula , Viljakainen Heli T. , Leinonen Jukka , Närhi Matti , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of dietary factors with caries experience in a population sample of 487 children aged 6–9 years at baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study. Altogether, 406 of these children attended 2-year follow-up examinations. Food consumption and eating frequency were assessed using 4-day food records, diet quality using the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) and eating behaviour using the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Caries experience was examined clinically. The cross-sectional associations of dietary factors with caries experience at baseline were analysed using linear regression and the longitudinal associations of dietary factors with a change in caries experience over follow-up using generalised mixed-effects regression adjusted for other risk factors. A higher consumption of high-fibre grain products (standardised regression coefficient β = −0·16, P = 0·003) and milk (β = −0·11, P = 0·025) and higher BSDS (β = −0·15, P = 0·007) were associated with lower caries experience, whereas a higher consumption of potatoes (β = 0·11, P = 0·048) and emotional overeating (β = 0·12, P = 0·025) were associated with higher caries experience. Higher snacking frequency (fixed coefficient β = 0·07, P = 0·033), desire to drink (β = 0·10, P = 0·046), slowness in eating (β = 0·12, P = 0·027) and food fussiness (β = 0·12, P = 0·018) were associated with higher caries experience, whereas enjoyment of food (β = −0·12, P = 0·034) and higher BSDS (β = −0·02, P = 0·051) were associated with lower caries experience.
On solving an isotope dilution model for the partition of phenylalanine and tyrosine uptake by the liver of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Crompton L. A. , McKnight L. L. , Reynolds C. K. , Ellis J. L. , Dijkstra J. , France J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn isotope dilution model for partitioning phenylalanine and tyrosine uptake by the liver of the lactating dairy cow is constructed and solved in the steady state. An original ten-pool model is adopted and solved by cleaving it into two five-pool sub-models, one representing phenylalanine and the other tyrosine. If assumptions are made, model solution permits calculation of the rate of phenylalanine and tyrosine uptake from portal vein and hepatic arterial blood supply, hydroxylation, and synthesis and degradation of constitutive protein. The model requires the measurement of plasma flow rate through the liver in combination with amino acid concentrations and plateau isotopic enrichments in arterial and portal and hepatic vein plasma during a constant infusion of [1-13C]phenylalanine and [2,3,5,6-2H]tyrosine tracers. It also requires estimates of the rate of oxidation and protein export secretion. Analysis of measurement errors in experimental enrichments and infusion rates on model solutions indicated that accurate values of the intracellular and extracellular enrichments are central to minimising errors in the calculated flows. Solving the model by cleaving into two five-pool schemes rather than solving the ten-pool scheme directly is preferred as there appears to be less compounding of errors and the results consistently appear to be more biologically feasible. The model provides a means for assessing the impact of hepatic metabolism on amino acid availability to peripheral tissues such as the mammary gland.