bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deckung großer Kopfhautdefekte vor postoperativer Bestrahlung
Authors: Mittank‐Weidner Till , Voth Harald , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Grunewald Sonja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielNach Ro‐Resektion ausgedehnter kutaner Plattenepithelkarzinome des Kapillitiums mit Indikation zur postoperativen Radiatio sollten Verschlusstechniken gewählt werden, die die zügige Einleitung einer Radiotherapie nicht behindern und diese auch aushalten. Ziel der vorliegenden retrospektiven Analyse ist es, die Defektdeckung mittels transversaler Transpositionslappenplastik und Spalthautdeckung des Hebedefektes in einem solchen Szenario hinsichtlich onkologischer Sicherheit (Rezidivrate) und Permanenz des Wundverschlusses zu untersuchen.Patienten und MethodikElf Patienten wurden ermittelt, die histologisch ein kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom aufwiesen, das durch mikroskopisch kontrollierte Exzision und Defektdeckung mittels transversalem Transpositionslappen und Spalthautdeckung des Hebedefektes in der Universitätshautklinik Leipzig versorgt und postoperativ bestrahlt wurde. Bei allen Patienten handelte es sich um betagte multimorbide Patienten. Die operative Versorgung erfolgte in Tumeszenzlokalanästhesie. Die Patienten wurden auf Rezidive, Wundheilungsstörungen und Nebenwirkungen der Strahlentherapie untersucht.ErgebnisseDas Durchschnittsalter betrug 81 Jahre. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit umfasste im Durchschnitt 1,4 Jahre nach der letzten Radiotherapiesitzung (minimal 72 Tage, maximal 3,7 Jahre). Wundheilungsstörungen des Transpositionslappens oder Transplantatnekrosen wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Alle therapieassoziierten Nebenwirkungen waren bei Kontrolle abgeklungen. Lokalrezidive oder Metastasen traten bei keinem Patienten auf.SchlussfolgerungenDie kombinierte transversale Transpositionslappenplastik mit Spalthautdeckung des Hebedefektes ist ein sicheres und nebenwirkungsarmes Behandlungskonzept für große Skalpdefekte mit freiliegender Kalotte, die einer postoperativen Radiatio bedürfen.
Validierung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften einer „Modifizierten Version des Hornheider Screening‐Instruments“ (HSI‐MV) anhand einer Stichprobe ambulanter und stationärer Hauttumorpatienten
Authors: Buchhold Britta , Lutze Stine , Freyer‐Adam Jennis , Jünger Michael , Ramp Marleen , Konschake Wolfgang , Jülich Andreas , Nordt Claudia , Peters Sebastian , Arnold Andreas , Hannich Hans‐Joachim 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Basis für adäquate psychoonkologische Betreuung ist die Identifikation von Patienten mit psychosozialem Unterstützungsbedarf. Die Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Psychoonkologie empfiehlt hierfür das Hornheider Screening‐Instrument (HSI). Die Frage: „Ist jemand in Ihrer Familie durch den Krankenhausaufenthalt besonders belastet?“ soll die krankheitsbedingte familiäre Belastung erfassen. Doch ist dieses Item für ambulante und stationäre Patienten gleichermaßen geeignet? Studienziel war zu überprüfen, wie sich das Ersetzen des Originalitems auf die Testgüte dieser modifizierten Version des HSI und die Häufigkeit psychosozialer Belastungen auswirkt.Patienten und Methodik92 ambulante und 98 stationäre Hauttumorpatienten schätzten ihre psychosoziale Situation mittels verschiedener Fragebögen ein.ErgebnisseIm Vergleich zu stationären Patienten bejahten weniger als halb so viele ambulante Patienten das Item. Wurde die Frage ersetzt durch: „Ist jemand in Ihrer Familie durch Ihre Erkrankung beziehungsweise den Krankheitsverlauf besonders belastet?“ zeigte sich dieser Setting‐bedingte Unterschied nicht. Das „Alternativ‐Item“ und die „Modifizierte Version des HSI“ (HSI‐MV) erwiesen sich dem Originalitem und dem Original‐HSI hinsichtlich aller untersuchten Kriterien überlegen.SchlussfolgerungenDie HSI‐MV kann als reliables und valides Instrument für die systematische Erhebung des psychosozialen Betreuungsbedarfes im ambulanten und stationären Setting eingesetzt werden. Je nach Versorgungskapazität ist ein Schwellenwert von ≥ 5 oder ≥ 4 geeignet. Zusätzlich zum Screening sollte der Unterstützungswunsch erfragt werden.
Intraspecific interactions at high predator densities affect the predation efficiency ofNeoseiulus californicus(Acari: Phytoseiidae) when prey density is low
Authors: Papanikolaou Nikos E. , Broufas George D. , Kypraios Theodore , Liaka Triantafyllia , Pappas Maria L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantifying functional responses is a cornerstone in evaluating the predation efficiency of biological control agents such as predatory insects and mites. In this study, we investigate whether the efficiency ofNeoseiulus californicus(Acari: Phytoseiidae) in consuming prey is driven by intraspecific interactions. For this purpose, laboratory functional response experiments were conducted using one, two, three or four predators at several initial egg densities of the two‐spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae(Acari: Tetranychidae).The data fitted to the predator‐dependent Crowley–Martin model which accounts for intraspecific interactions. The results suggest that at high prey densities, i.e. the densities at which the predator is satiated, intraspecific interactions did not affect the predation potential ofN.californicus, as the maximum number ofT. urticaeeggs that can be attacked by predator individuals did not differ between treatments (i.e., predator densities).However, at low prey densities and the highest predator density (i.e., four individuals), intraspecific interactions were detected, as revealed by the estimated attack rates, i.e. the per capita prey consumption at low prey densities. While mean attack rates did not differ significantly when one, two and three predators were exposed to prey, when predator density increased to four individuals, attack rate was considerable lower compared to the other predator densities.These results indicate that intraspecific interactions are more intense at low prey densities, where the predator is not satiated and therefore digestion breaks do not exist. In contrast, at high prey densities digestion breaks exist, so that may fully accommodate the cost of intraspecific interactions. These results also suggest that predator density should be considered when functional responses are measured.
Development of self‐regulation amongst dental students in problem‐based learning curricula: A qualitative study
Authors: Ali Kamran , Daud Alaa , Ba Hattab Raidan , Philip Nebu , Matoug‐Elwerfelli Manal , Anweigi Lamiya , Al Khabuli Jumma , Du Xiangyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore the value of problem‐based learning in the development of self‐regulation amongst undergraduate dental students.Materials and MethodsA qualitative approach using focus groups was used to explore the perceptions and experiences of the participants regarding the role of problem‐based learning (PBL) in promoting self‐regulation in undergraduate dental education. The study was carried out at a newly established dental institution in Qatar. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Invitations to potential participants were sent by e‐mail through appropriate professional channels. All focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and data were imported into NVivo 12 and analysed thematically.ResultsA total of five focus groups were conducted with 37 participants which included 27 females and seven males from two different cohorts. Participants expressed their views on a range of issues related to the self‐regulation in problem‐based learning and also provided recommendations to enhance the learning experiences of students. PBL was perceived to be an appropriate and effective strategy to support student autonomy in construction of knowledge and developing problem‐solving and interpersonal skills. However, the workload of the students can impact adversely on their motivation and time management skills.ConclusionsThis study provides useful insights into the concept of self‐regulation in problem‐based learning environments as perceived by the stakeholders at a newly established dental institution. The findings of this study may offer clarity on how problem‐based learning can be best utilised to promote self‐regulation in undergraduate dental education.
Effect of an online module designed to promote first‐year dental students' evidence‐based study strategies
Authors: Tricio Jorge , Salles Pablo , Orsini César , Aravena Jaime 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an online module in promoting study strategies based on neuroscience applied to education for first‐year dental students at the University of the Andes in Santiago, Chile.MethodsFour weeks after the start of the 2018 first academic semester, all 82 first‐year dental students (72% females, 28% males, average 19.0 years old) were invited to voluntarily and anonymously complete the self‐reported Study Strategies Questionnaire (SSQ) in a session of an Introduction to Dentistry course, which served as a baseline. Subsequently, the session included an interactive workshop on learning how to learn so that students could analyse how the human brain learns and relate this information to mental tools to foster learning. Furthermore, during the semester, students were sent information via email to reinforce the content they were exposed to during the learning how to learn activity so that they could use the toolbox of study techniques to improve their learning in all subjects. At the end of the semester, students were invited to voluntarily and anonymously complete a second SSQ to assess the effects of the study intervention. Exam marks from the previous (2017) and studied year (2018), as well as both SSQ results, were compared and analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).ResultsA total of 75 and 71 students answered the SSQ before and after the intervention, respectively. The mean exam mark from 2017 was 63.7% (SD = 8.8), whilst in 2018, it was 69.6% (SD = 5.0) (p < .044); the effect size of the intervention was 0.75. The most significant changes observed after the intervention were reductions in the number of students who studied whilst checking messages on their smartphones (p = .001), studied by highlighting and/or underlining in their notes or textbooks (p ≤ .0001) and studied the day before an examination (p ≥ .0001). On the contrary, there were significant increases in the number of students who studied without access to social networks (p = .046), wrote notes or words in the margins of texts (p = .001), practised self‐testing (p = .001) and studied the day before an examination (p ≤ .0001).ConclusionsAn online module to promote evidence‐based study strategies in first‐year dental students can have an impact on increasing students' marks as well as on some practices that can improve their academic achievements and learning.
Relative entropy as an index of soil structure
Authors: Klöffel Tobias , Jarvis Nicholas , Yoon Sung Won , Barron Jennie , Giménez Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil structure controls key soil functions in both natural and agro‐ecosystems. Thus, numerous attempts have been made to develop methods aiming at its characterization. Here we propose an index of soil structure that uses relative entropy to quantify differences in the porosity and pore(void)‐size distribution (VSD) between a structured soil derived from soil water retention data and the same soil without structure (a so‐called reference soil) estimated from its particle‐size distribution (PSD). The difference between these VSDs, which is the result of soil structure, is quantified using the Kullback–Leibler Divergence (KL divergence). We applied the method to soil data from two Swedish field experiments that investigate the long‐term effects of soil management (fallow vs. inorganic fertilizer vs. manure) and land use (afforested land vs. agricultural land dominated by grass/clover ley) on soil properties. The KL divergence was larger for the soil receiving regular addition of manure compared with the soils receiving no organic amendments. Furthermore, soils under afforested land showed significantly larger KL divergences compared to agricultural soils near the soil surface, but smaller KL divergences in deeper soil layers, which closely mirrored the distribution of organic matter in the soil profile. Indeed, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.374, p < 0.001) was found between soil organic carbon concentrations and KL divergences across all sites and treatments. Despite challenges related to modelling the VSD of the reference soil without structure, the proposed index proved useful for evaluating differences in soil structure in response to soil management and land‐use change and reflected the expected effects of soil organic matter on soil structure. We conclude that relative entropy shows great potential to serve as an easy‐to‐use index of soil structure, as it only requires widely available data on soil physical and hydraulic properties.Highlights
A new index of soil structure is proposed based on relative entropy
A method is developed that separates the effects of soil texture and structure on the pore space
The index identified soil structural differences in response to land use and soil organic carbon concentrations (SOC)
The index shows the potential to serve as an easy‐to‐use metric of soil structure
An efficient feature selection method based on improved elephant herding optimization to classify high‐dimensional biomedical data
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Singh Birmohan , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMachine learning algorithms are widely applied to biomedical data to classify the samples of patients and healthy persons. The high‐dimensional biomedical datasets contain a large number of features to represent a sample. However, such datasets may have redundant, noisy and irrelevant features, influencing machine learning algorithms' classification performance and increasing computation overhead. Therefore, data normalization and feature selection techniques are introduced to reduce the impact of noisy features and accurately identify the patterns in features to improve the predictive accuracy of diagnosis. This work proposes an efficient feature selection and parameter optimization method to classify high‐dimensional biomedical datasets. In the proposed method, a binary version of the improved elephant herding optimization (IEHO) algorithm is introduced to select features and optimize the C and γ parameters of the support vector machine classifier. Further, four variants of the proposed method are presented based on data normalization techniques: Z‐score normalization (ZN), Pareto‐scaling (PS), tan h‐based normalization (TN), and variant of tan h‐based normalization (VTN). The proposed variants reduce the dominance of noisy features and explore the feature space to obtain the optimal feature set that maximizes the classification accuracy and minimizes the time complexity. The performance of the proposed variants is evaluated on 15 high‐dimensional biomedical datasets. Friedman's mean rank test is applied to check the statistical difference between proposed variants. Results show that the proposed Z‐score normalization‐IEHO (ZN‐IEHO) variant performed significantly better than the other proposed variants for classification accuracy, false‐positive rate and f‐score metrics. Moreover, the performance of the proposed ZN‐IEHO variant is compared with 18 state‐of‐the‐art feature selection methods. The experimental results expressed the effectiveness of the proposed ZN‐IEHO variant in finding the best combination of features and parameters to classify the biomedical datasets accurately.
Incentivising change to beneficial ownership and open registers—Holding flag states responsible for their fleets and costs of illegal fishing
Authors: Ford Jessica H. , Wold Chris , Currie Duncan , Wilcox Chris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile efforts to reduce illegal fishing have been underway for some time, market data suggest the volume of illegal fish in the markets is not decreasing significantly. One issue that may be driving this is the difficulty in imposing meaningful sanctions. We discuss an alternative approach aimed at reducing illegal fishing. A State's open register allows relatively unassociated vessels to purchase entry to that register and fly that State's flag. This relationship between the vessel and the flag State is both a financial and legal one. The licensed vessel must comply with laws of the flag State around operations, safety, fishing access agreements, and other regulatory requirements. The flag State must exercise due diligence in the performance of its responsibility to exercise jurisdiction and control over its vessels. The State(s) which has incurred the cost and damages resulting from pursuit, apprehension, and prosecution of the vessel may have a claim for expenses and damages from the flag State if the flag State fails to exercise due diligence. By shifting the costs and harms associated with illegal fishing from coastal States to flag States that fail to exercise jurisdiction and control over the vessels they flag, such flag States may be incentivised to improve oversight over their vessels and join the international effort to combat illegal fishing.
Fracture characterization of a bi‐material bonded aluminum/CFRP joints under mixed‐mode I + II loading
Authors: Moreira Raul D. F. , de Moura Marcelo F. S. F. , Silva Filipe G. A. , Rodrigues Jhonny S. , Silva Fernando D. R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFracture characterization under mixed‐mode I + II loading of bi‐material bonded joints with aluminum–carbon fiber reinforced polymer (AL‐CFRP) adherends was analyzed in this work. Five different and quite simple fracture tests were employed aiming to cover properly the complete mixed‐mode I + II range and identifying a representative energy‐based fracture criterion. A mode partitioning method lying on cohesive zone analysis was implemented, enabling the identification of strain energy mode I and mode II components for each type of test, which is relevant regarding the estimation of the energy‐based criterion defining the fracture envelope of these bi‐material joints.
A global synthesis of human impacts on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers
Authors: Brauns Mario , Allen Daniel C. , Boëchat Iola G. , Cross Wyatt F. , Ferreira Verónica , Graeber Daniel , Patrick Christopher J. , Peipoch Marc , von Schiller Daniel , Gücker Björn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman impacts, particularly nutrient pollution and land‐use change, have caused significant declines in the quality and quantity of freshwater resources. Most global assessments have concentrated on species diversity and composition, but effects on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers remain unclear. Here, we analyse the most comprehensive compilation of stream ecosystem functions to date to provide an overview of the responses of nutrient uptake, leaf litter decomposition, ecosystem productivity, and food web complexity to six globally pervasive human stressors. We show that human stressors inhibited ecosystem functioning for most stressor‐function pairs. Nitrate uptake efficiency was most affected and was inhibited by 347% due to agriculture. However, concomitant negative and positive effects were common even within a given stressor‐function pair. Some part of this variability in effect direction could be explained by the structural heterogeneity of the landscape and latitudinal position of the streams. Ranking human stressors by their absolute effects on ecosystem multifunctionality revealed significant effects for all studied stressors, with wastewater effluents (194%), agriculture (148%), and urban land use (137%) having the strongest effects. Our results demonstrate that we are at risk of losing the functional backbone of streams and rivers if human stressors persist in contemporary intensity, and that freshwaters are losing critical ecosystem services that humans rely on. We advocate for more studies on the effects of multiple stressors on ecosystem multifunctionality to improve the functional understanding of human impacts. Finally, freshwater management must shift its focus toward an ecological function‐based approach and needs to develop strategies for maintaining or restoring ecosystem functioning of streams and rivers.
Cocreation with Dutch patients of decision‐relevant information to support shared decision‐making about adjuvant treatment in breast cancer care
Authors: van Strien‐Knippenberg Inge S. , Boshuizen Marieke C. S. , Determann Domino , de Boer Jasmijn H. , Damman Olga C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo support patients in shared decision‐making about treatment options, patient decision aids (PtDAs) usually provide benefit/harm information and value clarification methods (VCMs). Recently, personalized risk information from prediction models is also being integrated into PtDAs. This study aimed to design decision‐relevant information (i.e., personalized survival rates, harm information and VCMs) about adjuvant breast cancer treatment in cocreation with patients, in a way that suits their needs and is easily understandable.MethodsThree cocreation sessions with breast cancer patients (N = 7–10; of whom N = 5 low health literate) were performed. Participants completed creative assignments and evaluated prototypes of benefit/harm information and VCMs. Prototypes were further explored through user testing with patients (N = 10) and healthcare providers (N = 10). The researchers interpreted the collected data, for example, creative and homework assignments, and participants' presentations, to identify key themes. User tests were transcribed and analysed using ATLAS.ti to assess the understanding of the prototypes.ResultsImportant information needs were: (a) need for overview/structure of information directly after diagnosis and; (b) need for transparent benefit/harm information for all treatment options, including detailed harm information. Regarding VCMs, patients stressed the importance of a summary/conclusion. A bar graph seemed the most appropriate way of displaying personalized survival rates; the impact of most other formats was perceived as too distressful. The concept of ‘personalization’ was not understood by multiple patients.ConclusionsA PtDA about adjuvant breast cancer treatment should provide patients with an overview of the steps and treatment options, with layers for detailed information. Transparent information about the likelihood of benefits and harm should be provided. Given the current lack of information on the likelihood of side effects/late effects, efforts should be made to collect and share these data with patients. Further quantitative studies are needed to validate the results and to investigate how the concept of ‘personalization’ can be communicated.Patient or Public ContributionTen breast cancer patients participated in three cocreation sessions to develop decision‐relevant information. Subsequent user testing included 10 patients. The Dutch Breast Cancer Association (BVN) was involved as an advisor in the general study design.