bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Pulmonary Embolism Syndrome and Functional Outcomes after Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Luijten Dieuwke , de Jong Cindy M. M. , Ninaber Maarten K. , Spruit Martijn A. , Huisman Menno V. , Klok Frederikus A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSurvivors of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are at risk of developing persistent, sometimes disabling symptoms of dyspnea and/or functional limitations despite adequate anticoagulant treatment, fulfilling the criteria of the post-PE syndrome (PPES). PPES includes chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease, post-PE cardiac impairment (characterized as persistent right ventricle impairment after PE), and post-PE functional impairment. To improve the overall health outcomes of patients with acute PE, adequate measures to diagnose PPES and strategies to prevent and treat PPES are essential. Patient-reported outcome measures are very helpful to identify patients with persistent symptoms and functional impairment. The primary concern is to identify and adequately treat patients with CTEPH as early as possible. After CTEPH is ruled out, additional diagnostic tests including cardiopulmonary exercise tests, echocardiography, and imaging of the pulmonary vasculature may be helpful to rule out non-PE–related comorbidities and confirm the ultimate diagnosis. Most PPES patients will show signs of physical deconditioning as main explanation for their clinical presentation. Therefore, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation provides a good potential treatment option for this patient category, which warrants testing in adequately designed and executed randomized trials. In this review, we describe the definition and characteristics of PPES and its diagnosis and management.
Motivators of employee commitment at multinational organisations in emerging economies: Empirical evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Inegbedion Henry 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, there has been an increase in the studies on employee turnover in Nigeria. The spate of studies is suggestive that employees are not very committed to their jobs in most organisations. Nevertheless, the unemployment rate poses a big constraint to the mobility of labour and thus increases the possibility of disguised commitment. To this end, this study sought to ascertain the major determinants of employee commitment in business organisations. The specific objectives were to investigate the extent to which stunted mobility, extrinsic motivators, intrinsic motivators and organisational climate influence employee commitment, as well as the extent to which respondents’ perception of employees’ commitment relates to socio-demographic variables like age, gender and educational qualification. The population of sthe study consisted of employees of seven multinational companies in Edo, Delta, Bayelsa and Rivers states of Nigeria. The study employed the survey design with a questionnaire serving as the research instrument. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that stunted mobility, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and organisational climate are significant motivators of employee commitment. Respondents’ perceptions did not vary with demographic variables.
Few-cycle optical field breakdown and damage of gallium oxide and gallium nitride
Authors: Tripepi Michael , Zhang Simin , Harris Brandon , Talisa Noah , Yoo Jae-Hyuck , Peelaers Hartwin , Elhadj Selim , Chowdhury Enam 
Published: July 2022

Both gallium oxide and gallium nitride have great potential for use as high power transparent conducting oxide materials for a wide range of optoelectronic applications. It is, therefore, important to determine the dynamic optical field breakdown for these materials. Here, we report laser damage thresholds for Ga2O3 and GaN using 9 fs few-cycle pulses with a center wavelength near 760 nm. We determine laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) for both single pulse and multi-pulse exposures, with multi-pulse LIDT showing significant reduction compared to single pulse LIDT (in some cases, &gt;50%), possibly due to laser-induced defects. We show that Ga2O3 and GaN have an ultrafast optical field breakdown of 23 and 18 GV/m when nearly polarized along their [010] and [111] planes, respectively, extending their suitability for high power applications to the ultrashort pulse regime. To accurately characterize the excited carrier density criteria in which apparent laser damage occurs, carrier excitation dynamics for the entire laser pulse interaction were simulated using a modified Keldysh ionization model. For the measured single-shot threshold fluences, the plasma critical density was surpassed by 2 orders of magnitude and 2D finite-difference time-domain simulations were employed to understand the pulse interaction near the surface.
Programmable morphing, electroactive porous shape memory polymer composites with battery-voltage Joule heating stimulated recovery
Authors: Lai-Iskandar S. , Li W. H. , Tsang S. H. , Lee Y. H. , Teo E. H. T. 
Published: July 2022

Direct fabrication of electroactive shape memory polymer composites (eSMPCs) into complex non-planar geometries is highly desirable to enable remotely deployable, form-functional structures. However, traditional processes such as injection molding, casting, and extrusion limit the producible geometries to planar ribbons, wires, or tubes and the design of deployment modes to flattening-out/self-folding motions. To achieve low-voltage eSMPCs with a complex geometry, we report a direct fabrication strategy of bespoked-geometry eSMPCs via a two-stage sequential cure-and-foam technique for a new type of porous eSMPC, functionalized with 3D graphene nanofoam monolith (3DC). In our method, we resolved the difficulty in shaping fragile 3DC, and thus, various complex shape transforms (curved, helical, and wavy) can be intuitively designed via direct sculpting. Our method can be compatible with kirigami techniques for the design of hierarchical and combinatorial shape-change structures. 3DC not only serves as an intrinsic heater but, during synthesis, its cell walls also act as a confinement framework for architecting porosity within 3DC-eSMPCs, which can be actuated with low-voltage (7.5 V, &lt;2 W). The herein reported 3DC-eSMPC and its synthesis strategy represent a new method and material to fabricate low-voltage deployables of bespoked shapes, capable of low-voltage actuation.
Refractory metal-based ohmic contacts on
β
-Ga2O3 using TiW
Authors: Tetzner Kornelius , Schewski Robert , Popp Andreas , Anooz Saud Bin , Chou Ta-Shun , Ostermay Ina , Kirmse Holm , Würfl Joachim 
Published: July 2022

The present work investigates the use of the refractory metal alloy TiW as a possible candidate for the realization of ohmic contacts to the ultrawide bandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3. Ohmic contact properties were analyzed by transfer length measurements of TiW contacts annealed at temperatures between 400 and 900 °C. Optimum contact properties with a contact resistance down to 1.5 × 10−5 Ω cm2 were achieved after annealing at 700 °C in nitrogen on highly doped β-Ga2O3. However, a significant contact resistance increase was observed at annealing temperatures above 700 °C. Cross-sectional analyses of the contacts using scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of a TiOx interfacial layer of 3–5 nm between TiW and β-Ga2O3. This interlayer features an amorphous structure and most probably possesses a high amount of vacancies and/or Ga impurities supporting charge carrier injection. Upon annealing at temperatures of 900 °C, the interlayer increases in thickness up to 15 nm, featuring crystalline-like properties, suggesting the formation of rutile TiO2. Although severe morphological changes at higher annealing temperatures were also verified by atomic force microscopy, the root cause for the contact resistance increase is attributed to the structural changes in thickness and crystallinity of the interfacial layer.
Synergistic effects of rice straw and its biochar on availability of phosphorus fertiliser in acidic soils
Authors: Baquy M. Abdulaha-Al , Pan Xiao-ying , Li Jiu-yu , Hong Zhi-neng , Kamran Muhammad Aqeel , Xu Ren-kou 
Published: July 2022

Contexts Increasing the availability of phosphorus fertiliser is needed for better crop production in acidic soils. Aims To observe how rice straw and its biochar affect phosphorus fertiliser recovery in an Ultisol and an Oxisol as a measure for the availability of phosphorus in acidic soils. Methods A 60-day incubation study was conducted using treatments comprising of straw (1.5%, w/w) and biochar produced at 400°C (1.5%, w/w), a mixture of each at the same rate, and a control with two phosphorus rates of 0 and 100 mg kg−1. Key results The application of both the straw and the biochar alone and in combination raised the soil pH by 0.12, 0.20, 0.32, 0.17, 0.31 and 0.38 units, and cation exchange capacity by 2.06, 3.02, 2.72, 2.56, 6.28, and 8.40% compared to control for both the Ultisol and the Oxisol, respectively. Similarly, dissolved organic matter also increased by 74.19, 55.28, 84.63, 24.39 and 136.44%, respectively compared to control for the corresponding treatments and soils except the straw amended Ultisol. With an increase in the soil pH, the rate of phosphorus recovery increased by 11.73, 12.99, 23.89, 2.72, 5.23 and 6.28% compared to control for the corresponding treatments and soils, respectively. Phosphate adsorption by the soils became hindered by increased cation exchange capacity and dissolved organic matter but decreased exchangeable trivalent aluminium cations, which led to a greater phosphorus recovery in both the amended soils. Conclusions The combined application of rice straw and biochar would be the appropriate choice for increasing the applied phosphorus fertiliser availability in acid soils.
Germination behaviour of
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Suthar Premal C. , Williams Alwyn , Widderick Michael , Adkins Steve W. 
Published: July 2022

Context Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (wild oats) is one of the major winter weeds of the Northern Grains Region of Australia. The abundance of this weed increased dramatically after the adoption of no-tillage conservation agriculture (NTCA). However, information is lacking on the germination characteristics of the two types of seed (i.e. primary and secondary) that it produces. Aims We aimed to determine the light and temperature requirements for germination and the time to germination of primary and secondary seeds of A. ludoviciana, in order to find ways to manage this weed effectively under NTCA systems. Methods Primary and secondary seeds and caryopses from two southern and two northern biotypes were exposed to a range of temperature and light regimes in the glasshouse, and germination was assessed. Key results All biotypes had ∼25% higher germination from primary than secondary seeds. Removing the hull increased caryopsis germination by ∼70%. The use of a light/dark photoperiod stimulated germination of both types of seed and caryopses compared with continuous darkness. Based on data for caryopses, 7°C and 9°C were found to be optimal germination temperatures for southern and northern biotypes, respectively. At optimum germination temperature, primary caryopses germinated 7–20 days earlier than secondary caryopses. In addition, a light/dark environment resulted in germination 2–6 days earlier than continuous darkness. Conclusions In the Northern Grains Region, seeds retained on or close to the soil surface (i.e. in NTCA systems) can undergo maximum germination during May–June (late autumn–winter), when long-term average temperatures match optimum germination temperatures. This coincides with winter crop plantings. Implications The seasonal timing of germination and the difference in germination timing between primary and secondary seeds, which help to stagger emergence of this weed, are major issues that need to be addressed in NTCA systems.
Gravitational waves in gauge theory gravity with a negative cosmological constant
Authors: Xu Jianfei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the gravitational waves in the context of gauge theory gravity with a negative cosmological constant. The gauge theory gravity is a gravity theory under gauge formulation in the language of geometric algebra. In contrast to general relativity, the background spacetime in gauge theory gravity is flat, the gauge freedom comes from the fact that equations in terms of physical quantities should be kept in a covariant form under spacetime displacement and rotation. Similar to the electromagnetism, the gauge formulation enables us to interpret the gravitational force as a gauge force on the background flat spacetime. The dynamical fields that describe the gravitational interactions are those position and rotation gauge fields introduced as the requirement of the gauge covariance. The gravitational field equations can be derived from the least action principle with the action as a gauge invariant quantity built from the covariant field strength. We discuss the gravitational wave solutions of the field equations with a negative cosmological constant, and show that these solutions are of Petrov type-N. We also discuss the velocity memory effect by calculating the velocity change of an initially free falling massive particle due to the presence of the gravitational waves.
Silicene: an excellent material for flexible electronics
Authors: Sahoo Swastik , Sinha Abhinaba , Koshi Namitha Anna , Lee Seung-Cheol , Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Muralidharan Bhaskaran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The outstanding properties of graphene have laid the foundation for exploring graphene-like 2D systems, commonly referred to as 2D-Xenes. Among them, silicene is a front-runner due to its compatibility with current silicon fabrication technologies. Recent works on silicene have unveiled its useful electronic and mechanical properties. The rapid miniaturization of silicon devices and the useful electro-mechanical properties of silicene necessitate the exploration of potential applications of silicene flexible electronics in nano electro-mechanical systems. Using a theoretical model derived from the integration of ab initio density-functional theory and quantum transport theory, we investigate the piezoresistance effect of silicene in the nanoscale regime. As with graphene, we obtain a small value of the piezoresistance gauge factor (GF) of silicene, which is sinusoidally dependent on the transport angle. The small GF of silicene is attributed to its robust Dirac cone and strain-independent valley degeneracy. Based on the obtained results, we propose to use silicene as an interconnect in flexible electronic devices and as a reference piezoresistor in strain sensors. This work will hence pave the way for exploring flexible electronics applications in other 2D-Xene materials.
First-principles predictions of tunable half metallicity in zigzag GaN nanoribbons with possible applications in CO detection and spintronics
Authors: Yogi Rachana , Jha Kamal K , Shukla Alok , Jaiswal Neeraj K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Based on systematic first-principles density-functional theory simulations, we predict that the zigzag GaN nanoribbons (ZGaNNRs) can be used both as highly efficient CO detectors as well as spin filters. Our calculations, performed both on infinitely long nanoribbons, and also on finite strands, suggest that: (a) CO binds strongly at the edges of ZGaNNRs, and (b) that several of the resultant configurations exhibit half-metallic behavior. We considered various edge-passivation sites and found that all the resultant structures are thermodynamically stable. The metallic, half-metallic, and semiconducting configurations are observed as a function of CO passivation coverage. We also compute the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of various structures using the Landauer formalism, and find that the devices made up of half-metallic configurations act as highly-efficient spin filters. The effect of CO concentration is also investigated which suggests a viable way to not just tune the electronic band gap of ZGaNNRs, but also their half metallicity. Our simulations thus suggest a new direction of research for possible device applications of III–V heterostructures.
Polarization-independent resonant lattice Kerker effect in phase-change metasurface
Authors: Xiong Lei , Luo Xiaoqing , Ding Hongwei , Lu Yuanfu , Li Guangyuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Resonant lattice Kerker effect in periodic resonators is one of the most interesting generalizations of the Kerker effect that relates to various fascinating functionalities such as scattering management and Huygens metasurfaces. However, so far this effect has been shown to be sensitive to the incident polarization, restricting its applications. Here, we report, for the first time, polarization-independent resonant lattice Kerker effect in metasurfaces composed of periodic Ge2Se2Te5 (GST) disks. For such a metasurface of square lattice, the spectrally overlap of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole surface lattice resonances can be realized by choosing an appropriate GST crystalline fraction regardless of the incident polarization. The operation wavelength and the required GST crystalline fraction can be conveniently tuned over large ranges since these parameters scale linearly with the disk size and the lattice period, greatly facilitating the design. Making use of the obtained resonant lattice Kerker effect, we realize a reconfigurable and polarization-independent lattice Huygens’ metasurface with a dynamic phase modulation of close to 2π and high transmittance. This work will advance the engineering of the resonant lattice Kerker effect and promote its applications in phase modulation and wavefront control.
Solidification of ternary melts with a two-phase layer
Authors: Toropova L V , Ivanov A A , Osipov S I , Yang Y , Makoveeva E V , Alexandrov D V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This review is concerned with the nonstationary solidification of three-component systems in the presence of two moving phase transition regions—the main (primary) and cotectic layers. A non-linear moving boundary problem has been developed and its analytical solutions have been defined. Namely, the temperature and impurity concentration distributions were determined, the solid phase fractions in the phase transition regions and the laws of motion of their boundaries were found. It was shown that variations in the initial impurity concentration affect significantly the ratio between the lengths of the two-phase layers. A non-linear liquidus surface equation is theoretically taken into account as well.
Sepiolite and ZIF-67 co-modified PAN/PVdF-HFP nanofiber separators for advanced Li-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Wenwu , Han Yi , Ding Yanhuai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electrospun PAN/PVdF-HFP membranes have the potential to be used as separators for Li-ion batteries owing to their good mechanical properties and high chemical stability. However, the application of PAN/PVdF-HFP separators has been hampered by their poor electrochemical performances. In this study, semi-aligned PAN/PVdF-HFP nanofiber separators have been fabricated by an electrospinning technology. Sepiolite and ZIF-67 co-modification was employed to enhance the physical properties of the PAN/PVdF-HFP separators. The test cells with the as-prepared composite separator showed better electrochemical performance than the commercial and raw PAN/PVdF-HFP separators.
Electrostatic focusing of cold and heavy molecules for the ACME electron EDM search
Authors: Wu X , Hu P , Han Z , Ang D G , Meisenhelder C , Gabrielse G , Doyle J M , DeMille D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current best upper limit for electron electric dipole moment (EDM), |d
e| < 1.1 × 10−29 e cm (90% confidence), was set by the ACME Collaboration in 2018. The ACME experiment uses a spin-precession measurement in a cold beam of thorium monoxide (ThO) molecules to detect d
e. An improvement in statistical uncertainty would be possible with more efficient use of molecules from the cryogenic buffer gas beam source. Here, we demonstrate electrostatic focusing of the ThO beam with a hexapole lens. This results in a factor of 16 enhancement in the molecular flux detectable downstream, in a beamline similar to that built for the next generation of ACME. We also demonstrate an upgraded rotational cooling scheme that increases the ground state population by 3.5 times compared to no cooling, consistent with expectations and a factor of 1.4 larger than previously in ACME. When combined with other demonstrated improvements, we project over an order of magnitude improvement in statistical sensitivity for the next generation ACME electron EDM search.
Data-driven predictive modeling of Hubble parameter
Authors: Salti Mehmet , Ciger Emel , Kangal Evrim Ersin , Zengin Bilgin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe redesign the generalized pressure dark energy (GPDE) model, which is covering three common types of pressure parameterizations, with the help of a caloric framework to construct a theoretical ground for the machine learning (ML) analysis of cosmic Hubble parameter. The theoretical setup was optimized to find out appropriate values of its arbitrary parameters with the help of genetic neural network (GNN) algorithm and the most recent observational measurements of Hubble parameter. Since there is a shortcoming that the GNN process does not provide a direct method to calculate errors on the optimized values of free model parameters, we therefore take the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) algorithm into account to deal with this issue. We see that the best-fitting value of Hubble constant and dimensionless dark energy density are in very good agreement with the most recent observations. Also, we discussed the optimized model from a cosmological perspective by making use of the evolutionary behavior of some cosmological parameters to present additional cosmological aspects of our theoretical proposal. It is concluded that our model implies physically meaningful results. In summary, the constructed model can explain the current accelerated expansion phase of the cosmos via Hubble parameter successfully.
Prospects for H-mode inhibition in negative triangularity tokamak reactor plasmas
Authors: Nelson A.O. , Paz-Soldan C. , Saarelma S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Instability to high toroidal mode number (n) ballooning modes has been proposed as the primary gradient-limiting mechanism for tokamak equilibria with negative triangularity (NT) (δ) shaping, preventing access to strong H-mode regimes when δ is sufficiently negative. To understand how this mechanism extrapolates to reactor conditions, we model the infinite-n ballooning stability as a function of internal profiles and equilibrium shape using a combination of the CHEASE and BALOO codes. While the critical δ required for avoiding 2nd stability to high-n modes is observed to depend in a complicated way on various shaping parameters, including the equilibrium inverse aspect ratio, elongation and squareness, equilibria with NT are robustly prohibited from accessing the 2nd stability region, offering the prediction that NT reactors should maintain L-mode-like operation. In order to access high-n 2nd stability, the local shear over the entire bad curvature region must be sufficiently negative to overcome curvature destabilization on the low field side. Scalings of the ballooning-limited pedestal height are provided as a function of plasma parameters to aid future scenario design.