bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germline mutations directions are different between introns of the same gene: case study of the gene coding for amyloid-beta precursor protein
Authors: Khrustalev Vladislav Victorovich , Khrustaleva Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Popinako Anna Vladimirovna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is highly conserved in mammals. This feature allowed us to compare nucleotide usage biases in 4-fold degenerated sites along the length of its coding region for 146 species of mammals and birds in search of fragments with significant deviations. Even though cytosine usage has the highest value in 4-fold degenerated sites in APP coding region from all tested placental mammals, in contrast to marsupial mammals with the bias toward thymine usage, the most frequent germline and somatic mutations in Human APP coding region are C to T and G to A transitions. The same mutational AT-pressure is characteristic for germline mutations in introns of Human APP gene. However, surprisingly, there are several exceptional introns with deviations in germline mutations rates. The most of those introns surround exons with exceptional biases in nucleotide usage in 4-fold degenerated sites. Existence of such fragments in exons 4 and 5, as well as in exon 14, can be connected with the presence of lncRNA genes in complementary strand of DNA. Exceptional nucleotide usage bias in exons 16 and 17 that contain a sequence encoding amyloid-beta peptides can be explained either by the presence of yet unmapped lncRNA(s), or by the autonomous expression of a short mRNA that encodes just C-terminal part of the APP providing an alternative source of amyloid-beta peptides. This hypothesis is supported by the increased rate of T to C transitions in introns 16–17 and 17–18 of Human APP gene relatively to other introns.
Determining farming methods and geographical origin of Chinese rice using NIR combined with chemometrics methods
Authors: Wu Dan , Liu Xing , Bai Bin , Li Jianwu , Wang Ren , Zhang Yin , Deng Qiyun , Huang Huang , Wu Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to develop fast and nondestructive models for the discrimination of different farming methods and to determine the geographical origin of rice samples from different administrative regions in China using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to build the NIR spectral models. Norris smoothing derivative (NSD) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were used as preprocessing methods to reduce the spectral noise and enhance effective information. The results show that it was difficult to distinguish the farming methods with the original spectra plots and PCA score plots except for the rice samples from Heilongjiang Province. In addition, a PLS-DA model combined with NSD preprocessing provided the optimal predictive accuracy of 89.7% for the identification of different farming methods. NSD or MSC preprocessing combined with PLS-DA models provided the best discrimination of the origin traceability. The total accuracy of Northeast China rice samples was 100%, and of the South, East, Central and Southwest China rice samples was 98.2%. The total accuracy of Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces were 100%, 98.8%, 95.3%, 95.3%, and 93.6%, respectively. These indicate that NIR combined with PLS-DA and NSD or MSC preprocessing can provide a powerful method to distinguish the different farming methods and geographical origin of Chinese rice.
Lignin, an active component in the corn silk water extract, inhibits glycation
Authors: Sano Aiko , Inoue Yutaka , Suzuki Ryuichiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with aging and diabetic complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Thus, the suppression of AGE formation could prevent and/or treat their related disorders. Corn silk is used as a traditional medicine for the prevention of diabetic complications and treatment of edema in Japan and China. Previous studies revealed the anti-glycation activity of flavonoids in the methanolic extract of corn silk. The anti-glycation activity of the corn silk water extract was higher than that of the methanolic extract; however, the active components of the water extract remained unidentified. In this study, we explored the components showing anti-glycation activity in the corn silk water extract and elucidated their structural characteristics. Remarkable anti-glycation activity was observed in the > 3 kDa fraction. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis of this fraction showed broad peaks characteristic of high-molecular-weight polyphenols. Decomposition reactions did not provide evidence of condensed or acid-hydrolyzable tannins. Therefore, polyphenols contained in the corn silk water extract were considered to be lignins. The 1H- and 13C-NMR and IR spectra of the > 3 kDa fraction were in agreement with the values reported for lignins. Consequently, we concluded that lignin is one of the active components against glycation in the corn silk water extract.
Shared Rules between Planetary Orbits in Multi-planet Systems
Authors: Ma Yong , Wen Xiumei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Abstract: Although Mean Motion Resonances (MMRs) only reflect the orbital relations between part planets of some systems, the discovery of MMRs feature has promote the study of the evolution of multi-planet systems. To better study orbital relations between all planets, we calculated planetary observation data of all multi-planet systems with the concept of ratio parameter and deviation rate. In this way, orbital relations between all planets of any system can be displayed in a clearer quantification way, including MMRs planets. Through comparing ratio parameters and counting deviation rates, we found more orbital features and summarized them into the Shared Rules between Planetary Orbits. The Shared Rules describe common regularities between planetary orbits, embodying the essence of logarithmic spiral. From the Shared Rules, we derived related equations and principles. We will show explanations. Although all systems are controlled by the same central gravitation, not every system clearly displays the Shared Rules because of varying disturbances and observation limitations. Calculations show, of the discovered 96 systems containing four and more exoplanets, 83 display the Shared Rules. Of the 335 period ratios consisting of 431 confirmed exoplanets of the 96 systems, 16.12% ratios show the absolute values of the deviation rates bigger than 40 per cent. Big deviation rates usually suggest some influences, imply planetary absence and migration, and affect the display of the Shared Rules. The Shared Rules can help to show planet migration and absence, calculate the orbits of migratory, disappeared and undetected planets, learn about the changes of planetary configurations, and study the evolution of multi-planet systems.
Comparative evaluation of different version of exposure-free Mosquito electrocuting traps and Barrier screen for monitoring densities and biting time phenotypes by malaria and filariasis vectors in Tanzania.
Authors: Githu Victoria , Baravuga Maneno E. , Mbarawa Asiya , Msuya Hajirani M. , Mlacha Yeromin P. , Chaki Prosper P. , Kiware Samson , Mizrai Nosrat , Ferguson Heather M. , Govella Nicodem J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Estimating human exposure to mosquito vectors is crucial for prediction of malaria transmission and intervention impact. Human Landing Catches are often to direct estimate exposure rates; however there has been an increasing move away from this method to exposure-free alternatives such as the Mosquito Electrocuting Traps (MET) and other approaches. While such methods can provide robust and representative values of human exposure and mosquito density; they often still require a human volunteer which poses logistical challenges. Additionally in the case of the MET, the early prototype (METe) required human volunteers to wear protective clothing which could be uncomfortable. We investigated two alternative trapping approaches to address these challenges by comparing the performance of the early MET (METe) prototype to (1) a modified caged MET prototype that offers full protection to users (METc), and (2) a barrier screen trap (BST) designed to passively sample (host seeking and blood-fed) mosquitoes outdoors without requiring a human participant.
Method
The relative performance of the METe, METc and BST were evaluated in a 3x3 Latin Square field experiment design conducted in south-eastern Tanzania over 12 nights. The outcome of interest was the mean nightly mosquito density.
Results
The METc and BST caught similar numbers of Anopheles arabiensis as the METe (RR [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.76[0.42–1.39], P = 0.38, and 1.13[0.63–2.04], P = 0.69) respectively. Similarly, the METe caught similar numbers of Culex spp to the METc (RR[95%CI] = 0.87[0.62–1.22], P = 0.42) and BST (0.80[0.57–1.12], P = 0.199). All three trapping methods indicated a similar pattern of biting activity by An. arabiensis and Culex spp; characterized by biting starting in the early evening (18:00–22:00), peaking when people are typically sleeping (22:00–05:00) and dropping drastically toward the morning (05:00–07:00).
Conclusions
The modifications made to the METe design to improve user comfort and remove the need for protective clothing did not result in an underestimation of mosquito vector abundance nor a misrepresentation of their biting-times pattern. Thus, we recommend the METc for use over the METe design. Similarly, to southeast Asia, the BST demonstrated potential for monitoring malaria and filariasis vector densities in Tanzania.
Identification of hub genes and immune cell infiltration participating in the progression of carotid atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Zhang Han , Huang Yinde , Li Xin , Chen Wenbin , Lun Yu , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that carotid atherosclerosis is related to the activation of immune-related pathways and inflammatory cell infiltration. However, the immune-linked pathways that helped in the advancement of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque and the association of such plaques with the infiltration status of the body’s immune cells still unclear. Here, the expression profiles of the genes expressed during the progression of the carotid atherosclerotic plaques, were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and 178 differentially expressed genes were examined. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis technique identified one of the brown modules showed the greatest correlation with carotid atherosclerotic plaques. In total, 66 intersecting genes could be detected after combining the DEGs. LASSO regression analysis was subsequently performed to obtain five hub genes as potential biomarkers for carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The functional analysis emphasized the vital roles played by the inflammation- and immune system-related pathways in this disease. The immune cell infiltration results highlighted the significant correlation among the CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, and CD8+ T cells. Thereafter, the gene expression levels and the diagnostic values related to every hub gene were further validated. The above results indicated that macrophages, B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+T cells were closely related to the formation of the advanced-stage carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Based on the results, it could be hypothesized that the expression of hub genes (C3AR1, SLAMF8, TMEM176A, FERMT3, and GIMAP4) assisted in the advancement of the early-stage to advanced-stage carotid atherosclerotic plaque through immune-related signaling pathways.
Network bypasses sustain complexity
Authors: Estrada Ernesto , Lacasa Lucas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Real-world networks are neither regular nor random, a fact elegantly explained by
mechanisms such as the Watts-Strogatz or the Barabasi-Albert models. Both mechanisms
naturally create shortcuts and hubs, which enhance network’s navigability. They also tend
to be overused during geodesic navigational processes, making the networks fragile against
jamming. Why, then, networks with complex topologies are ubiquitous? Here we show that
these models entropically generate network bypasses: alternative routes to shortest paths
which are topologically longer but easier to navigate. We develop a mathematical theory
that elucidates the emergence and consolidation of network bypasses and measures their
navigability gain. We apply our theory to a wide range of real-world networks and find that
they sustain complexity by different amounts of network bypasses. At the top of this complexity
ranking we found the human brain, what points out the importance of these results
to understand the plasticity of complex systems.
Using machine learning methods to predict the lactate trend of sepsis patients in the ICU
Authors: Arslantas Mustafa Kemal , Asuroglu Tunc , Arslantas Reyhan , Pashazade Emin , Dincer Pelin Corman , Altun Gulbin Tore , Kararmaz Alper 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose Serum lactate levels are considered a biomarker of tissue hypoxia. In sepsis or septic shock patients as suggested by The Surviving Sepsis Campaign serum lactate levels should be assessed and early lactate clearance-directed therapy is associated with decreased mortality. Monitoring a patient's vital parameters and repeatedly done blood analysis may have deleterious effects on the patient and brings an economical burden. Machine learning algorithms and trend analysis are gaining importance to overcome these unwanted facts. In this context, we aimed to investigate if an artificial intelligence approach can predict lactate trends from non-invasive clinical variables of patients with sepsis. MethodsIn this retrospective study, adult patients with sepsis from the MIMIC-IV dataset who had at least two serum lactate measurements recorded within the first 6 hours of sepsis diagnosis and who also has an ICU length of stay ≥ 24 hours are evaluated and ≥1mmol/l change is considered as a trend indicator. For prediction of lactate trend Naïve Bayes, J48 Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Logistic Model Tree (LMT) classifiers are evaluated. ResultsLMT algorithm outperformed other classifiers (AUC= 0.832). J48 decision tree performed worse when predicting constant lactate trend. LMT algorithm with 4 features (heart rate, oxygen saturation, lactate value before sepsis diagnosis, and time interval variables) achieved 0.821 in terms of AUC. ConclusionWe can say that machine learning models that employ logistic regression architectures, i.e. LMT algorithm achieved good results in lactate trend prediction tasks can be effectively used to assess the state of the patient whether it is stable or improving.
Possible high-Tc superconductivity exceeding 100 K in Ir-substituted perovskite-type manganese oxides
Authors: Matsumoto Yuji , Kaminaga Kenichi , Suzuki Kanta , Maruyama Shingo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The search for new high-Tc superconductors has commonly focused on layered perovskite compounds with isoelectronic or isostructural properties similar to those of cuprates.1, 2 For example, in 2019, a family of 3d nickel-based superconductors (Nd, Sr)NiO2 was discovered by Hwang et al.3More recently, Ca2RuO4, a 4d transition metal oxide, received attention as a superconductor with Tc = 64 K in coexistence with ferromagnetism in nanofilm single crystals.4 Even the 5d transition metal oxide Sr2IrO4 was thoroughly studied as a possible high-Tc superconductor.5 While no zero-resistance state has yet been observed, surface-electron-doped Sr2IrO4 has shown a spectroscopic signature consistent with a superconducting gap.6 However, despite such intensive exploration of analogous structures, no materials other than cuprates or single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 [Ref. 7] have been reported to exhibit high-Tc superconductivity above 100 K under ambient pressure. In this study, we report observations of possible new high-Tc superconductivity in a non-layered perovskite, Ir-substituted (La, Sr)MnO3 (LSMIO) thin films. LSMIO samples with Ir compositions of approximately 10% were confirmed to exhibit the zero-resistance state with onset temperatures exceeding 100 K. Furthermore, their magnetic field response was observed to be characteristic of conventional superconductors. All these results strongly indicated that LSMIO showed the most promise as a new high-Tc superconductor among perovskite oxides. The present discovery will boost interest in new theoretical frameworks for unconventional but possible superconductivity in LSMIO, opening a frontier for research on high-Tc superconductors.
A Rare Case of AIDS Co-infected with COVID-19 Presenting with Disseminated Herpes Zoster Complicated with CMV and Varicella Zoster Virus Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Daodu Joseph , Basuli Debargha , Parikh Amish Deepak 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous co-infections have been reported, with some studies indicating that patients with HIV/AIDS have worse outcomes when co-infected with COVID-19. Here, we present the case of a young adult male who presented with disseminated Varicella, and was simultaneously diagnosed with AIDS and COVID-19 virus with several infection-related complications. A 25-year-old African-American male presented to the Emergency Department with vesicular, blistering rashes in multiple dermatomes including his eyelids. Screening test in the ED was positive for COVID-19. Given his high risk sexual history, he was tested for HIV which returned positive with a CD4 count of zero. He was started on IV antivirals for disseminated varicella with zoster ophthalmicus. The patient was intubated for worsening respiratory failure and required intensive care. During the hospital course, he developed worsening encephalopathy and CSF analysis was positive for CMV and VZV. The patient has a prolonged hospital stay, and exhibited evidence of infectious CNS vasculitis and HIV myelopathy. Anti-retroviral therapy was started after the acute period and the patient showed slow but definite clinical improvement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report a patient with AIDS with COVID-19 and disseminated VZV and with multiple complex infection-related complications
Chemical profiling of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings defense mechanism in response to Thielaviopsis ethectica infection
Authors: Daniel Esiegbuya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The oil palm could be prone to pest and diseases during its stages. One of the major diseases associated with the early stages of development of the oil palm is the Thielaviopsis diseases caused by the genus Thielaviopsis. This study was carried out in order to understand the mechanisms of interaction between the T. ethectica and the oil palm.
Methods
The plant metabolomics approach using the Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to chemotype oil palm seedlings artificially infected with T. ethacetica and treated with water and fertilizer and those not treated.
Results
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the macerated centre spear of the treated and untreated oil palms fronds using n-hexane showed that the fatty acids, steroidal compounds and organic acids were more diverse in the untreated oil palm seedlings compared to the treated ones. Principal component analysis showed that the pathogen accounted for the diversity of the identified compounds.
Conclusion
The abundance of biosynthesized fatty acids and steroidal compounds in the untreated oil palms indicates their role in the oil palm defense mechanism thus also suggesting their possibilities as biomarkers for the early detection of T. ethecitica in the oil palm. Applying NPKMg for soil nutrient enhancement and water facilitated the reversal of the symptoms of T. ethecitica on the oil palm seedlings.
Primitivo Hernández-Sampelayo (1880−1959): Paleozoic ironstones and fossils
Authors: Rábano Isabel , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2022

The mining engineer Primitivo Hernández-Sampelayo was one of the most relevant figures in the study of the Spanish Paleozoic since Lucas Mallada’s time. After a few years working in mining companies, he entered the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain in 1914, where he worked until his retirement in 1950. The results of his studies are the large monographs on Paleozoic sedimentary ironstones (the one devoted to Galicia, 1922–1935, was published in four volumes with a total of 1,813 pp.), or the explanations to the geological map of Spain at a 1:1,000,000 scale (Cambrian System, 1934, 240 pp.; Silurian System –Ordovician included–, 1942, 848 pp.). In addition to other contributions on mineral raw materials, his papers include numerous Paleozoic regional studies, maps for the first cartographic series at a 1:50,000 scale and, above all, regional and systematic paleontological works. The latter were dedicated to Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian trilobites, graptolites, cephalopods, archaeocyathids and ichnofossils, as well as to Carboniferous mollusks. His interest in the Paleozoic and the geology of northwestern Spain were the main subjects of his reception at the Royal Academy of Sciences of Spain (1934: Geology of Galicia) and of the inaugural address of the 1953/54 course at the same institution (Paleozoic marine life. Fossil remains). A monograph on Spanish graptolites was published in 1960 as a posthumous paper of the author. To the research work of Hernández-Sampelayo we must add his personal interest to form a museum to exhibit the mineralogical, paleontological and petrological diversity of Spain. As a result of his know-how, he established the current Geominero Museum in the great hall of the headquarters of the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, where it was held the XIV International Geological Congress of 1926.