bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI): II. Noninvasive, high‐resolution human brain mapping of sodium pump flux and cell metrics
Authors: Springer Charles S. , Baker Eric M. , Li Xin , Moloney Brendan , Pike Martin M. , Wilson Gregory J. , Anderson Valerie C. , Sammi Manoj K. , Garzotto Mark G. , Kopp Ryan P. , Coakley Fergus V. , Rooney William D. , Maki Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2022

We introduce a new 1H2O magnetic resonance approach: metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI). Numerical diffusion‐weighted imaging decay simulations characterized by the mean cellular water efflux (unidirectional) rate constant (kio), mean cell volume (V), and cell number density (ρ) are produced from Monte Carlo random walks in virtual stochastically sized/shaped cell ensembles. Because of active steady‐state trans‐membrane water cycling (AWC), kio reflects the cytolemmal Na+, K+ATPase (NKA) homeostatic cellular metabolic rate (cMRNKA). A digital 3D “library” contains thousands of simulated single diffusion‐encoded (SDE) decays. Library entries match well with disparate, animal, and human experimental SDE decays. The V and ρ values are consistent with estimates from pertinent in vitro cytometric and ex vivo histopathological literature: in vivo V and ρ values were previously unavailable.The library allows noniterative pixel‐by‐pixel experimental SDE decay library matchings that can be used to advantage. They yield proof‐of‐concept MADI parametric mappings of the awake, resting human brain. These reflect the tissue morphology seen in conventional MRI. While V is larger in gray matter (GM) than in white matter (WM), the reverse is true for ρ. Many brain structures have kio values too large for current, invasive methods. For example, the median WM kio is 22s−1; likely reflecting mostly exchange within myelin. The kio•V product map displays brain tissue cMRNKA variation. The GM activity correlates, quantitatively and qualitatively, with the analogous resting‐state brain 18FDG‐PET tissue glucose consumption rate (tMRglucose) map; but noninvasively, with higher spatial resolution, and no pharmacokinetic requirement. The cortex, thalamus, putamen, and caudate exhibit elevated metabolic activity. MADI accuracy and precision are assessed. The results are contextualized with literature overall homeostatic brain glucose consumption and ATP production/consumption measures. The MADI/PET results suggest different GM and WM metabolic pathways. Preliminary human prostate results are also presented.
Chickens consumed in early modern samurai residences: A study of bird remains from the Ichigaya Honmura‐cho site, Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Hsu Kai‐hsuan , Yamane Yoko , Eda Masaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is thought to have been introduced in Japan during the Yayoi period (5th century BC to 3rd century AD). However, according to historical documents and archeological materials, chickens were not commonly consumed as food until the early modern period. Many remains identified as chicken have been recovered from the archeological sites located in Edo, early modern Tokyo; however, the consumption pattern of chickens, such as age profile and sex ratio of consumed birds, has seldom been analyzed. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, we analyzed the bird assemblage from the Ichigaya Honmura‐cho site, mainly inhabited by samurai people between the 17th and 19th centuries. Our results revealed that chickens had been consumed at the site since the 17th century but chicken consumption as food might have increased and become more frequent after the 19th century. Moreover, it can be suggested that the chickens targeted for consumption were not limited to immature and female individuals, as it is in modern Japan.
Structure of bivariate Rayleigh proportional hazard rate model with its associated copula applied on COVID‐19 data
Authors: Hassanein Wafaa Anwar Abd El‐Latif , Seyam Marwa Moghazy Attia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVisualizing the fatality of coronavirus is a very tricky point through the world. In this paper, a new construction via the proportional hazard rate model with Rayleigh marginal is introduced and applied on COVID‐19 data set. The statistical and reliability characteristics of bivariate Rayleigh proportional hazard (BRPH) distribution are derived. The copula dependence structure and its properties are studied. The point estimation of the marginal and dependence parameters is introduced via maximum likelihood, method of moments, and inference function for margins (IFM) method. A simulation study is carried out to examine the effectiveness and the performance of the parameter estimates. Finally, an application on COVID‐19 data is used in a comparison study between BRPH model and other constructed bivariate models. This application concerned with modeling the fatality on COVID‐19. Throughout the results of goodness‐of‐fit criteria, BRPH provides a better fit than different competitors constructed bivariate models which reflects its flexibility and applicability on modeling the fatality of COVID‐19.
Selective maintenance of multi‐state systems with the repairperson fatigue effect and stochastic break duration
Authors: Liu Lujie , Xiao Yiyong , Yang Jun , Ding Yaonan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSystems in the industry are often required to execute a sequence of missions, and the state of the multi‐state systems may deteriorate with the increasing of running time. To improve the system reliability of the next mission, selective maintenance is applied in the limited break. Due to the fatigue effect, the work rate of the repairperson decays with time. However, the existing selective maintenance studies do not consider the impact of fatigue effect on work rate, which leads to underestimating the duration of maintenance actions and overestimating the system reliability. To overcome the above problems, a new selective maintenance model for multi‐state systems is developed to maximize the system reliability of the next mission. First, the decay process of the work rate of a repairperson is described as a piecewise continuous decreasing exponential function of working time. Next, a homogenous discrete‐state continuous‐time Markov process is used to describe the performance capacity degradation of components. Considering the stochastic break duration, based on the state probability distribution of each component obtained by the Markov model, the universal generation function (UGF) method is applied to evaluate the multi‐state system reliability. Then, taking the selected maintenance actions and maintenance priority as decision variables, the resulting selective maintenance optimization problem is solved by a tailored genetic algorithm. Finally, two computational experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale (pss‐10) with breast cancer patients
Authors: Soria‐Reyes Lorena M. , Cerezo M. Victoria , Alarcón Rafael , Blanca María J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBreast cancer diagnosis is one of the most difficult events that a woman can experience during her life and it usually produces high levels of stress. Global measures of perceived stress are useful for screening and for comparing stress levels between cancer patients and other clinical and nonclinical populations. One such instrument that is widely used is the Perceived Stress Scale (pss‐10), but its psychometric properties have scarcely been analysed with breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to provide validity evidence regarding the use of the 10‐item version of the pss‐10 as a tool for measuring perceived stress in this context. Participants were 215 Spanish breast cancer patients who completed the PSS‐10 and the DASS‐21, a measure of affective distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). The internal structure of the PSS‐10 was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the reliability of test scores was estimated using McDonald's omega coefficient. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was also obtained using correlation analysis. The CFA supported a correlated two‐factor structure: perceived helplessness (six negatively worded items) and perceived self‐efficacy (four positively worded items). Reliability coefficients for scores on these two factors were 0.87 and 0.73, respectively. Scores on affective distress (DASS‐21) were strongly and positively correlated with perceived helplessness and moderately and negatively correlated with perceived self‐efficacy. The PSS‐10 is an adequate tool for measuring perceived stress in the breast cancer context and it may be useful for identifying women at risk of psychological maladjustment.
Dynamic Refractive Index‐Matching for Adaptive Thermoresponsive Smart Windows
Authors: Li Jianing , Lu Xuegang , Zhang Yin , Wen Xiaoxiang , Yao Kangkang , Cheng Fei , Wang Dingchen , Ke Xiaoqin , Zeng Hao , Yang Sen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThermoresponsive smart windows (TRSWs) take great advantages in energy‐efficient buildings and on‐demand devices owing to their self‐adaptiveness and external energy consumption‐free nature. Currently used TRSWs largely rely on thermal‐induced phase transitions in single‐material systems, however, the intrinsic characteristics of which may not be suited for practical window utilization, such as poor luminous transparency and fixed critical temperature (Tc). Herein, an adaptive TRSW based on dynamic refractive index (RI) matching between two phases is demonstrated, which is facilely fabricated by embedding ethylene glycol solution microdroplets into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via a one‐step emulsification approach, realizing a smart temperature response in PDMS. The TRSW presents high transparency (≈92%) and bidirectional transparency‐temperature response (≈20% at 73 °C, ≈40% at 8 °C). Moreover, the RI dispersion generates a unique effect of wavelength selectivity with temperature. Notably, the effective optical‐temperature response with variable Tc could be tuned over a wide range of 13–68 °C by adjusting the EGS concentration. The proposed strategy with dynamic RI matching allows TRSW construction to extend beyond phase transitional materials and greatly broadens the applicable scope of TRSWs, which is promising in the fields of smart optical devices such as smart windows, anti‐counterfeiting, optical switches, and optical selection.
Radicals Scavenging MOFs Enabling Targeting Delivery of siRNA for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Guo Lina , Zhong Shenghui , Liu Peng , Guo Man , Ding Jinsong , Zhou Wenhu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMacrophages play essential roles in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are polarized into the pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype with significant oxidative stress and cytokines excretion. Herein, an active targeting nanomedicine based on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) to re‐educate the diseased macrophages for RA therapy is reported. The MOFs are prepared via coordination between tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+, and anti‐TNF‐α siRNA is loaded via a simple sonication process, achieving high loading capacity comparable to cationic vectors. The MOFs show excellent biocompatibility, and enable rapid endo/lysosome escape of siRNA via the proton‐sponge effect for effective cytokines down‐regulation. Importantly, such nanomedicine displays intrinsic radicals scavenging capability to eliminate a broad spectrum of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which in turn repolarizes the M1 macrophages into anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes for enhanced RA therapy in combination with siRNA. The MOFs are further modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to allow cascade RA joint and diseased macrophages targeted delivery. As a result, an excellent anti‐RA efficacy is achieved in a collagen‐induced arthritis mice model. This work provides a robust gene vector with great translational potential, and offers a vivid example of rationally designing MOF structure with multifunctionalities to synergize with its payload for enhanced disease treatment.
A new gecko (Squamata, Gekkota) from the Eocene of Geiseltal (Germany) implies long‐term persistence of European Sphaerodactylidae
Authors: Villa Andrea , Wings Oliver , Rabi Márton 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGekkota (geckos and pygopods) constitute a diverse and early diverging clade of squamates, but their highly fragmentary fossil record allows only limited insights into their evolutionary history. Even long‐known classic Palaeogene Lagerstätten, such as the Eocene Messel and Geiseltal, remained uninformative for gecko evolution. Here we describe an articulated near‐complete crown‐gekkotan skull from the Eocene of Geiseltal. The skull represents one of the most complete and oldest fossil geckos from the Cenozoic and warrants the naming of a new taxon, Geiseleptes delfinoi gen. et sp. nov. Parsimony analysis of an expanded morphological dataset that comprehensively samples fossil geckos recovers at least two lineages in the Palaeogene of Europe: Gekkonidae and Sphaerodactylidae. Further clades may have been present but require further support. The new species, together with several other European extinct taxa, belongs to the extant clade Sphaerodactylidae. Published molecular phylogenies imply a European dispersal from Africa for the clade, and G. delfinoi constrains the timing of this event to no later than the middle Eocene. Within Sphaerodactylidae, several Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene species form the stem‐lineage of the extant Mediterranean‐endemic Euleptes europaea of which G. delfinoi is the oldest representative. We here define the new clade Euleptinae for this group. Euleptine geckos had an unusually long evolutionary history in Cenozoic Europe and may represent one of the very few vertebrate clades with a persistent presence since the early Palaeogene, indicating extreme adaptability. As the oldest known crown‐sphaerodactylid, G. delfinoi represents an important fossil calibration for divergence dating analyses of geckos.
Key Question for Literacy Co‐Teachers: What Possibilities Do We Have Together?
Authors: McTigue Erin M. , Gourvennec Aslaug Fodstad , Solheim Oddny Judith 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCo‐teaching offers a unique opportunity space for literacy instruction; however, this opportunity is rarely optimized and the result on students' literacy growth is often unimpressive. We propose that co‐teaching is only a structural intervention, but it can become a powerful pedagogical intervention if teachers approach co‐teaching as an opportunity space to try out effective pedagogical practices that lead to student literacy growth. Studying, through mixed methods, the practices of literacy co‐teachers in early elementary, we identified important trends connected to student growth. We concluded that shared responsibility was a feature of highly effective pairs. Next, through interviews, we captured nuances of how effective dyads formed working relationships, planned together, communicated, reflected on instruction together, and organized resources. From such findings, we propose a model of change for how co‐teaching may lead to student growth—via positive co‐teaching relationships and continual shared reflection of instructional practice. Mirroring highly effective co‐teachers' approach, we provide a series of reflective co‐teaching guides to support other pairs of co‐teachers. These guides lead reading teachers throughout a school year and continually return to the essential question of: What can we do together that I cannot do alone?
UK veterinary professionals’ perceptions and experiences of adverse drug reaction reporting
Authors: Davies Heather , Pinchbeck Gina , Noble Peter‐John M. , Diesel Gillian , Pirmohamed Munir , Anderson Nadine , Killick David R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the cornerstone of pharmacovigilance. Despite this, it is believed that there is significant under‐reporting in the veterinary setting. Low reporting rates delay marketing authorisation holders (MAHs) and regulators taking mitigating action in the case of safety concerns.MethodWe designed a survey to explore the perceptions, attitudes and experiences of UK veterinary professionals towards ADR reporting. The survey was advertised widely through conventional and social media and at several conferences.ResultsIn total, 260 respondents completed the survey, including 210 veterinary surgeons, 49 veterinary nurses and one suitably qualified person. Respondents generally understood the need to report ADRs. The main barrier to reporting was the suspected ADR being well known, and the most popular potential facilitator identified was the ability to report via the practice management system. Facilitation via education in the form of a pharmacovigilance themed continuing professional development event was particularly popular among veterinary nurses, who reported time as being less of a barrier to reporting than their veterinary surgeon counterparts.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that technological interventions to facilitate reporting and empowerment of veterinary nurses to report through a tailored training event should be explored further.
Robust feasibility verification and region inner-point detection algorithms for geometric shape objects applied to electric machine optimization workflow
Authors: Ban Branko , Stipetic Stjepan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn most cases, the search for the optimal design of an electrical machine is closely related to its 2D radial cross section. When optimizing a 2D cross section, special attention must be paid to the geometry and to the definition of the parameters along with their boundaries. Even if properly bounded, complex geometries generated by optimization algorithms can lead to geometrically infeasible candidates. These cannot be manufactured because they contain generally undesirable geometric relationships between air, magnets, and steel. Different commercial and open-source finite element analysis (FEA) design tools treat the infeasible designs differently. The results vary from simulation stop to successful FEA calculation of the infeasible candidate, which wastes time by producing useless data. To prevent the infeasible designs from entering the optimization competition and possibly appearing incorrectly as optimal solutions, and to reduce optimization time, it is important to capture the infeasible designs during optimization. Moreover, the FEA tool requires a precisely determined interior point to assign the material to each closed region (air, steel, epoxy, magnet...). This can be very challenging for complex geometries. To avoid creating geometry or material regions that are not valid, this paper proposes a novel robust methods for checking feasibility and determining interior points on geometric shape objects. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to the optimization of electrical machines.
Completeness of certain metric spaces of measures
Authors: Dorsch Florian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe prove that the set of finite Borel measures on a separable and directionally limited metric space $$(X,\mathtt {d})$$

(
X
,
d
)

is complete with respect to the metric $${\mathbf {d}}_{{\mathcal {A}}}(\mu ,\nu )=\sup _{A\in {\mathcal {A}}}\left| \mu (A)-\nu (A)\right| $$

d
A

(
μ
,
ν
)

=

sup

A
∈
A

μ
(
A
)
-
ν
(
A
)

for all families of Borel sets $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
that contain every closed ball of X. This allows to prove the existence and uniqueness of the invariant Borel probability measure of certain Markov processes on X. A natural application is a Markov process induced by a random similitude.
Application of 3D printing in assessment and demonstration of stab injuries
Authors: Simon Gábor , Tóth Dénes , Heckmann Veronika , Poór Viktor Soma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn stabbing related fatalities, the forensic pathologist has to assess the direction of wound track (thus, the direction of the stabbing) and the weapon’s possible characteristics by examining the stab wound. The determination of these characteristics can be made only with a high level of uncertainty, and the precise direction of the stabbing is often difficult to assess if only soft tissues are injured. Previously reported techniques used for the assessment of these wound characteristics have substantial limitations. This manuscript presents a method using today’s easily accessible three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for blade-wound comparison and wound track determination. Scanning and 3D printing of knives is a useful method to identify weapons and determine the precise stabbing direction in a stabbing incident without compromising the trace evidence or the autopsy results. Ballistic gel experiment, and dynamic stabbing test experiments prove the method can be applied in safety, without compromising the autopsy results. Identification of the exact knife is not possible with complete certainty but excluding certain knives will decrease the number of necessary DNA examinations, hence it can lower the burden on forensic genetic laboratories. The method addresses many of the shortcomings of previously used methods of probe insertion or post-mortem CT. Insertion of the printed knife into the wound gives a good visual demonstration of the stabbing direction, thus easing the forensic reconstruction of the stabbing incident. After combining the 3D printing with photogrammetry, the achieved 3D visualization is useful for courtroom demonstration and educational purposes.
Survey on reinforcement learning for language processing
Authors: Uc-Cetina Víctor , Navarro-Guerrero Nicolás , Martin-Gonzalez Anabel , Weber Cornelius , Wermter Stefan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years some researchers have explored the use of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms as key components in the solution of various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. For instance, some of these algorithms leveraging deep neural learning have found their way into conversational systems. This paper reviews the state of the art of RL methods for their possible use for different problems of NLP, focusing primarily on conversational systems, mainly due to their growing relevance. We provide detailed descriptions of the problems as well as discussions of why RL is well-suited to solve them. Also, we analyze the advantages and limitations of these methods. Finally, we elaborate on promising research directions in NLP that might benefit from RL.