bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ireland has the highest per capita use of fake tan in the world: effect on dermatology clinics
Authors: Shafik Lidia , Griffin Laoise , Laing Mary 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ireland has the highest per capita users of fake tan in the world. We have very often seen the effect of this in our Dermatology clinics. We analysed the number of patients presenting with fake tan to our pigmented lesion clinics, which results in unnecessary rescheduling, further patient anxiety and delay in diagnoses, as well as increasing patient waiting lists. We have included images of the effect of fake tan on dermoscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy – complicating our ability to diagnose. We implemented a change in our practice, which we hope will improve this dilemma.
Are individual or group interventions more effective for long‐term weight loss in adults with obesity? A systematic review
Authors: Street Sarah , Avenell Alison 
Published: June 2022

SummaryGuidelines recommend individual and group interventions for weight loss, based on preference. Our 2009 systematic review compared long‐term effectiveness of individual or group approaches to the same intervention, but there are new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of high‐quality data. We updated and expanded our previous systematic review. We searched Medline and Embase from 1966 to May 2021, and a clinical trial register from 1966 to 2017. Review Manager (5.4.1) was used to conduct meta‐analysis. Ten RCTs were included. The primary outcome, mean weight change at final follow‐up, was −1.33 kg (95% confidence interval CI: −2.04, −0.62; 10 trials, 2169 participants), favouring group interventions (p < .001). For the secondary outcomes, attainment of ≥5% body weight loss at final follow‐up, the risk ratio (RR) was 1.36 (95% CI 1.05, 1.77; three trials, 1520 participants), favouring group interventions (p = .02); attrition at final follow‐up was similar between group and individual arms of trials, RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.82, 1.07) (p = .31). Group interventions can be more effective than individual interventions for long‐term weight loss in adults with obesity. However, few studies were included in the clinically relevant, secondary outcome measures. Research on delivering group processes in weight management is needed.
Gender and conservation science: Men continue to out‐publish women at the world's largest environmental conservation non‐profit organization
Authors: James Robyn , Ariunbaatar Javkhlan , Bresnahan Meaghan , Carlos‐Grotjahn Chelsea , Fisher Jonathan R. B. , Gibbs Bridget , Hausheer Justine E. , Nakozoete Cynthia , Nomura Sarah‐Kate , Possingham Hugh , Lyons Kristen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biodiversity and climate crises require diverse solutions, yet peer reviewed literature is dominated by men from the Global North. The Nature Conservancy (TNC), as one of the world's largest conservation non‐profit organizations, provides a case study to better understand how women publish relative to men in conservation science. By examining all papers from Web of Science with at least one TNC author (1968–2019), we found that women at TNC are underrepresented: only 36% of authors were women, just 31% of all first authorships were women, and 24% of last authorships were women. Women in the Global South were the least represented group, making up less than 2% of all TNC authorships. By comparison seven individual men in the Global North comprised 9% of all TNC authorships. Encouragingly, the total number of women publishing at TNC has improved over the decades; however, the proportion of women to men remains below gender parity, and the proportion of women from Global South remains consistently below 3%. These results align with overall trends in conservation and science, and we provide recommendations for the global conservation science community on how to address this enduring and significant issue in publishing.
Sphk1‐induced autophagy in microglia promotes neuronal injury following cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion
Authors: Zeng Yuanyuan , Zhang Wei , Xue Tengteng , Zhang Dayong , Lv Manhua , Jiang Yongjia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroglial hyperactivation mediated by sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (SphK1/S1P) signalling and the consequent inflammatory mediator production serve as the key drivers of cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI). Although SphK1 reportedly controls autophagy and microglial activation, it remains uncertain as to whether SphK1 is similarly capable of regulating damage mediated by CIRI‐activated microglia. In the current study, we adopted both in vitro oxygen–glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGDR) models and in vivo rat models of focal CIRI to ascertain this possibility. It was found that CIRI upregulated SphK1 and induced autophagy in microglia, while inhibiting these changes significantly impaired to prevented neuronal apoptosis. Results of mechanistic investigation revealed that SphK1 promoted autophagy via the tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) pathway. Altogether, our findings unfolded to reveal a novel mechanism, whereby SphK1‐induced autophagy in microglia contributed to the pathogenesis of CIRI, potentially highlighting novel avenues for future therapeutic intervention in ischaemic stroke patients.
VfM audit and the UK public sector: A critical review of the VfM reports
Authors: Benamraoui Abdelhafid , Chatzivgeri Eleni , Jory Surendranath Rakesh , Ajay Ranjitha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study investigates why the value for money (VfM) audit, in its current form, fails to capture the actual state of affairs in the UK public organizations. To address this, we utilize a VfM assessment matrix and key public sector performance indicators to critically evaluate the VfM reports published by two main public bodies in the United Kingdom, that is, the National Health Services and the police authorities, alongside the reports published by the National Audit Office and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services. Our results reveal that the VfM reports do not clearly show how the 3Es (i.e., economy, efficiency, and effectiveness) associated with the VfM assessment are attained. There are also limited suggestions on the public bodies’ service output or social outcomes and how performance targets are fulfilled. We deduce that the VfM audit's failure to capture these elements significantly curtails the benefits of the VfM exercise to public bodies. We argue for complementing the current VfM assessment with a review of the performance of these bodies based on the services they offer as well as their strategic objectives.
Promouvoir le pouvoir collectif des travailleurs dans les réseaux de production mondialisés: retour sur une occasion manquée
Authors: SÉHIER Clément 
Published: June 2022

RésuméL'auteur s'interroge sur la capacité des ONG de renforcer le pouvoir collectif du travail au sein des réseaux de production mondialisés en utilisant leur pouvoir de pression sur les multinationales pour lancer des programmes d'élections de comités de travailleurs dans les usines. Sur la base d'une enquête empirique menée entre 2012 et 2019 dans le sud de la Chine, il montre que ces programmes ont permis de sensibiliser les travailleurs à l'action collective et de renforcer leur agentivité, mais que l'inégalité structurelle du système de production, l'absence de protection institutionnelle en faveur des représentants élus et le durcissement du régime ont empêché qu'ils perdurent.
How experience shapes infants' communicative behaviour: Comparing gaze following in infants with and without pandemic experience
Authors: Wermelinger Stephanie , Moersdorf Lea , Daum Moritz M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been influencing people's social life substantially. Everybody, including infants and children needed to adapt to changes in social interactions (e.g., social distancing) and to seeing other people wearing facial masks. In this study, we investigated whether these pandemic‐related changes influenced 12‐ to 15‐months‐old infants' reactions to observed gaze shifts (i.e., their gaze following). In two eye‐tracking tasks, we measured infants' gaze‐following behavior during the pandemic (with‐COVID‐19‐experience sample) and compared it to data of infants tested before the pandemic (no‐COVID‐19‐experience sample). Overall, the results indicated no significant differences between the two samples. However, in one sub‐task infants in the with‐COVID‐19‐experience sample looked longer at the eyes of a model compared to the no‐COVID‐19‐experience sample. Within the with‐COVID‐19‐experience sample, the amount of mask exposure and the number of contacts without mask were not related to infants' gaze‐following behavior. We speculate that even though infants encounter fewer different people during the pandemic and are increasingly exposed to people wearing facial masks, they still also see non‐covered faces. These contacts might be sufficient to provide infants with the social input they need to develop social and emotional competencies such as gaze following.
Motivators and inhibitors of nurses' speaking up behaviours: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Dahinten V. Susan , Ji Hyunju , Kim Eunkyung , Lee Hyunjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify factors that motivate or inhibit nurses' speaking up for patient safety.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 15 nurses from four Korean hospitals between December 2020 and January 2021. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsWe identified safety culture, supportive unit managers and role models, positive reactions from or familiarity with others, high‐risk situations and personal characteristics and beliefs as motivators of nurses' speaking up. Hierarchies and power differentials, seniority and unit tenure, concerns about relationships, and heavy workloads inhibited nurses' speaking up.ConclusionIndividual, organizational and cultural characteristics influence nurses' decisions on whether or not to voice their concerns, suggestions or ideas. Certain characteristics of Korean culture, such as strong hierarchies and the valuing of good relationships, play an important role in nurses' speaking up behaviours. Our findings can be used to inform educational interventions and management expectations about interpersonal behaviours, especially in a culture where age‐ and seniority‐based hierarchies and collectivism are prevalent.ImpactNurses perceived speaking up as a challenging behaviour, and they sometimes withhold their voices even when speaking up is needed for patient safety. We found that individual, organizational, and contextual factors affect the speaking up behaviours of nurses. Nurse managers can create environments that are more supportive of nurses' speaking up behaviours by using inclusive leadership to create psychological safety, by inviting and showing appreciation for staff input, and by helping physicians and senior nurses understand the importance of all nurses' voices.No patient or public contributionPatient or public contribution does not apply to this study as its purpose was to explore the speaking up experiences of nurses themselves.
Suicidal ideation during adolescence: The roles of aggregate genetic liability for suicide attempts and negative life events in the past year
Authors: Lannoy Séverine , Mars Becky , Heron Jon , Edwards Alexis C. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSuicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) constitute a central public health concern in adolescence. Previous studies emphasized the difficulty to cope with negative life events during adolescence as a risk factor for STB. Familial and genetic liability has also been documented to explain STB risk. Nevertheless, less is known about aggregate genetic liability and its possible interaction with negative life events. Moreover, information is needed to understand how these factors differently affect STB in boys and girls.MethodsWe evaluated suicidal ideation at 17 years old and examined the role of aggregate genetic liability, negative life events, and their interaction in a sample of 2,571 adolescents. Aggregate genetic liability was measured using a polygenic score (PGS) for suicide attempts. Negative life events were assessed in the past year and included parental divorce and hospitalizations, death of friends and relatives, bullying, failure‐related events, and involvement with drugs. We conducted univariable and multivariable general linear models stratified by sex and evaluated the interactions between PGS and negative life events in subsequent models.ResultsAnalyses showed that suicidal ideation in boys is associated with failure to achieve something important (estimate = 0.198), bullying (estimate = 0.285), drug use (estimate = 0.325), and parental death (estimate = 0.923). In girls, both aggregate genetic liability (estimate = 0.041) and negative life events (failure at school [estimate = 0.120], failure to achieve something important [estimate = 0.279], drug use [estimate = 0.395], and bullying [estimate = 0.472]) were associated with suicidal ideation. Interaction analyses suggested that PGS interacted with drug use and failures at school, though this would need additional support.ConclusionsThese findings represent significant contributions to the fundamental understanding of STB in adolescence, suggesting to monitor the impact of negative life events during adolescence to better prevent suicide risk. Genetic liability is also of importance in girls and might influence the way they respond to environmental threats.
Comparative effectiveness of biologics in clinical practice: week 12 primary outcomes from an international observational psoriasis study of health outcomes (PSoHO)
Authors: Pinter Andreas , Puig Luis , Schäkel Knut , Reich Adam , Zaheri Shirin , Costanzo Antonio , Tsai Tsen Fang , Smith Saxon D. , Lynde Charles , Brnabic Alan , Reed Catherine , Hill Julie , Schuster Christopher , Riedl Elisabeth , Paul Carle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials study treatment outcomes under stringent conditions, capturing incompletely the heterogeneity of patient populations and treatment complexities encountered in real‐world practice.ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of anti‐interleukin (IL)‐17A biologics relative to other approved biologics in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.MethodsThe Psoriasis Study of Health Outcomes (PSoHO) is an ongoing 3‐year observational cohort study in adults with chronic moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis initiating or switching to a new biologic. Primary study endpoint is the proportion of patients achieving 90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) and/or static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) 0/1 at Week 12 (W12) in the anti‐IL‐17A cohort (ixekizumab [IXE], secukinumab) vs. all other approved biologics. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of patients who achieve PASI 75/90/100, absolute PASI scores ≤5, ≤2 and ≤1, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score of 0/1 at W12 between the two cohorts and among the individual biologics. Comparative effectiveness analyses were conducted using Frequentist Model Averaging (FMA), a novel causal inference machine learning approach. Missing data for binary outcomes were imputed as non‐response.ResultsPatient profiles in the anti‐IL‐17A cohort and other biologics cohort were similar, with more frequent comorbid psoriatic arthritis and less frequent exposure to conventional treatments in the patients receiving anti‐IL‐17A biologics. At W12, 71.4% of patients who received an anti‐IL‐17A biologic achieved PASI 90 and/or sPGA 0/1 compared to 58.6% of patients who received other biologics (odds ratios [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence intervals [CI], [1.6, 2.4]). Similar findings were observed for secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThese results reflect the high efficacy and early onset of skin clearance of IL‐17A inhibitors observed in randomized clinical trials and confirm the effectiveness of anti‐IL‐17A biologics in the real‐world setting.
Automated telephone follow‐up programs after hospital discharge: Do older adults engage with these programs?
Authors: Harrison James D. , Sudore Rebecca L. , Auerbach Andrew D. , Shah Sachin , Oreper Sandra , Wheeler Margaret “Meg” , Fang Margaret C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealth systems have developed automated telephone call programs to screen and triage patients' post‐hospital discharge issues and concerns. The aims of our study were to determine whether and how older adults engage with automated post‐hospital discharge telephone programs and to describe the prevalence of patient‐reported post‐discharge issues.MethodsWe identified all telephone calls made by an urban academic medical center as part of a post‐hospital discharge program between May 1, 2018 and April 30, 2019. The program used automated telephone outreach to patients or their caregivers that included 11 distinct steps 3 days post‐discharge. All adults discharged home from the hospital, were included, and we categorized patients into ≤64 years, 65–84 years, and ≥85 years age groups. We then compared call reach rate, completeness of 11‐step calls and patient‐reported issues between age groups.ResultsEighteen thousand and seventy six patients were included. More patients 65–84 years old were reached compared to patients ≤64 years old (84.3% vs. 78.9%, AME 5.52%; 95%CI: 3.58%–7.45%). Completion rates of automated calls for those ≥85 years old were also high. Patients ≥85 years old were more likely to have questions about their follow‐up plans and need assistance scheduling appointments compared to those ≤64 years old (19.0% vs. 11.9%, AME 7.0% (95%CI: 2.7%–11.3%).ConclusionPost‐hospital automated telephone calls are feasible and effective at reaching older adults. Future work should focus on improving discharge communication to ensure older adults are aware of their follow‐up plan and appointments.
Barriers and facilitators to delivering everyday personal hygiene care in residential settings: A systematic review
Authors: Heague Megan , Dyson Judith , Cowdell Fiona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, the population is ageing, and more people live in residential care. Best practice in personal hygiene care may reduce distressing and debilitating skin and oral problems and improve resident outcomes. Although there is guidance on personal hygiene care, implementation may be a challenge.AimTo identify barriers and facilitators to delivering personal hygiene care for older persons in residential care settings.MethodsSystematic review reported according to PRISMA 2020 guidance. Databases MEDLINE, CIHAHL and PsychINFO were systematically searched using terms and synonyms ‘barriers’, ‘facilitators’, ‘hygiene’, ‘older adults’ and ‘residential care’. Only empirical studies, reporting everyday skin and oral care, in English, peer reviewed and published from 2000 to 2021 were included. Due to methodological heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsSixteen papers yielded nine categories of barrier or facilitator. Five related to skin and oral care: (i) knowledge, (ii) skills relating to hygiene care, (iii) skills relating to supporting ‘uncooperative’ behaviours, (iv) lack of resources and (v) time, workload and staffing levels. The remainder related only to oral care: (vi) resident, family or carer motivation, (vii) dislike of hygiene care, (viii) carer attitudes and beliefs and (ix) social influences and communication. Six papers reported interventions to optimise care.ConclusionThis review highlights the persistent dearth of research into everyday personal hygiene practices, in particular skin hygiene in residential care. Existing literature identifies a range of barriers; however, there is a mismatch between these and reported interventions to improve practice.Relevance to clinical practiceAdvances in implementation science to support optimal care have yet to be applied to interventions to support hygiene practices in care homes and it is imperative this is addressed. Future interventions should involve: (i) systematically and theoretically assessing barriers, (ii) application of tailored behaviour change techniques (iii) using these co‐design pragmatic, locally acceptable strategies.
Beyond role strain: Work–family sacrifice among underrepresented minority faculty
Authors: Zambrana Ruth Enid , Hardaway Cecily R. , Neubauer Leah C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the perceived work demands and family caregiving obligations associated with work–family life among URM faculty and the coping strategies used to negotiate the integration of roles.BackgroundPast research on families focuses primarily on professional majority‐culture families and often fails to include traditionally and historically underrepresented minority (URM) families. The study of how URM professionals negotiate work and family obligations and economic and institutional constraints remains relatively absent in the family science discourse.MethodIn‐depth individual and group interviews (N = 58) were conducted with US‐born African American, Mexican American, and Puerto Rican faculty at research universities.ResultsThe overarching theorizing anchor that grounded the themes was sacrifice. Three themes emerged: excessive work demands/role strain; commitments and caregiving obligations to family of origin and nuclear family; and few coping strategies and resources to maintain a balanced life.ConclusionThis analysis offers insight into the multiple factors that affect the experiences of URM academics in their workplaces that deeply influence work roles and self‐care and its impact on family roles. These data fill a gap by applying alternative frameworks to explore the work–family nexus among racialized groups.ImplicationsNew research frontiers are offered to study the work–family nexus for URM faculty and how higher education can respond to alleviate excessive work demands and work–family life conflicts.
Psychology as a site for decolonial analysis
Authors:   Readsura Decolonial Editorial Collective
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article provides a conceptual introduction to the second installment of a two‐issue collection of work on decolonial approaches to the psychological study of social issues. Whereas papers in the first installment consider decoloniality as a social issue for psychological study, papers in this second installment consider psychology as a site for decolonial analysis. In this article, we briefly review key concepts from decolonial theory (e.g., the coloniality of modernity, distinct from historical colonialism). We then discuss manifestations of epistemic violence in hegemonic psychology that require intervention. Epistemic violence is (not merely) a matter of epistemic exclusion of racialized others from the knowledge production process, imperialist imposition of white‐washed knowledge products as universal standards without regard to context, or pathologizing forms of explanation that construct racial others as deviants in light of white‐washed standards (i.e., epistemological violence; Teo, 2010). In addition, epistemic violence in psychology includes forms of harm (e.g., zero‐point epistemology and individualist lifeways) associated with its modern/colonial roots. Accordingly, a decolonial approach to the psychological study of social issues may require refusal of the discipline of psychology.