bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-content imaging analyses of the effects of bisphenols and organophosphate esters on TM4 mouse Sertoli cells
Authors: Rajkumar Abishankari , Luu Trang , Hales Barbara F , Robaire Bernard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The endocrine disruptive effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and brominated flame retardants (BDE-47) have led to restrictions on their use and increased the pressure to identify safe replacements for these chemicals. Although there is evidence that some of these alternatives may be toxic to spermatogonial and Leydig cells, little is known about the toxicity of emerging replacements on Sertoli cells. We used high-content imaging to compare the effects of legacy chemicals, BPA and BDE-47, to their corresponding replacements. TM4 Sertoli cells were exposed for 48 h to each chemical (0.001–100 μM) followed by cytotoxicity and phenotypic endpoint assessment. The benchmark concentration potency ranking for bisphenols based on cytotoxicity was BPTMC &gt; bisphenol M &gt; BPAF&gt;BPF &gt; BPS &gt; BPA. Human administered equivalent dose (AED) determination ranked BPS as the most potent alternative replacement. The benchmark concentration potency ranking of BDE-47 and organophosphate esters based on cytotoxicity was TDtBPP&gt;BDMPP&gt;TBOEP&gt;TDCPP&gt;TMPP&gt;TPHP&gt;BDE47&gt;IPPP=BPDP=TCPP. Additionally, TM4 cell exposure to BDE-47 increased Calcein intensity (57.9 μM) and affected lysosomes (21.6 μM), while exposure to TPHP and TMPP resulted in cellular oxidative stress changes at benchmark concentration values as low as 0.01 and 0.4 μM, respectively. Overall bioactivity considerations of the chemicals on TM4 via ToxPi analyses and AED modeling further validated emerging replacements as highly potent chemicals in comparison to BPA and BDE-47. These findings demonstrate that many bisphenol and flame retardant replacements are more potent in Sertoli cells than the legacy chemical they are replacing and that phenotypic parameter assessment is an effective tool in chemical toxicity assessment.
Fancb deficiency causes premature ovarian insufficiency in mice
Authors: Cen Changhuo , Chen Junhua , Lin Limei , Chen Min , Dong Fangfang , Shen Zhiming , Cui Xiuhong , Hou Xiaohui , Gao Fei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fanconi anemia complementation group B (FANCB) protein is a major component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex and plays an important role in hematopoiesis and germ cell development. Deletion of Fancb gene causes the defect of primordial germ cell (PGC) development and infertility in male mice. However, it remains unknown whether Fancb is required for female germ cell development. In this study, we found that the fertility of Fancb knockout male mice in C57/ICR mixed backgrounds was not affected. Female Fancb−/− mice were obtained by crossing Fancb+/− females with Fancb−/Y males. The number of PGCs was dramatically decreased in Fancb−/− females. Very few oocytes were observed after birth and the primordial follicle pool was completely depleted at 6 weeks of age in Fancb−/− females. However, the remained oocytes from Fancb−/− mice were normal in fertilization and embryonic development from 2-cell to the blastocyst stage. We also found that Fancb and Fancl double-knockout males were also fertile and the number of sperm in epididymis was not reduced as compared to that of Fancb−/− and Fancl−/− single-knockout mice. Taken together, these results showed that Fancb is also essential for female germ cell development. Inactivation of Fancb causes massive germ cell loss and infertility in adult females. We also found that Fancb and Fancl do not act synergistically in regulating germ cell development.
Kidney oxygenation, perfusion and blood flow in people with and without type 1 diabetes
Authors: Laursen Jens Christian , Søndergaard-Heinrich Niels , Haddock Bryan , Rasmussen Ida Kirstine Bull , Hansen Christian Stevns , Larsson Henrik Bo Wiberg , Groop Per-Henrik , Bjornstad Petter , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Andersen Ulrik Bjørn , Rossing Peter 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study kidney energetics in persons with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 15 persons with T1D and albuminuria and 15 non-diabetic controls (CONs) underwent multiparametric MRI (3 Tesla Philips Scanner) to quantify renal cortical and medullary oxygenation (R2*, higher values correspond to higher deoxyhaemoglobin concentration), renal perfusion (arterial spin labelling) and renal artery blood flow (phase contrast). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, plasma haemoglobin, body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ResultsParticipants with T1D had a higher median (Q1; Q3) urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) than CONs [46 (21; 58) versus 4 (3; 6) mg/g; P &lt; .0001] and a lower mean ± SD eGFR (73 ± 32 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus 88 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = .12), although not significantly. Mean medullary R2* was lower in T1D (34 ± 6/s versus 38 ± 5/s; P &lt; .01) corresponding to a higher oxygenation. R2* was not different in the cortex. Cortical perfusion was lower in T1D (163 ± 40 versus 224 ± 49 mL/100 g/min; P &lt; .001). Renal artery blood flow was lower in T1D than in CONs (360 ± 130 versus 430 ± 113 mL/min; P = .05). In T1D, lower cortical oxygenation and renal artery blood flow were both associated with higher UACR and lower eGFR (P &lt; .05).ConclusionsParticipants with T1D and albuminuria exhibited higher medullary oxygenation than CONs, despite lower cortical perfusion and renal artery blood flow. This might reflect perturbed kidney energetics leading to a higher setpoint of medullary oxygenation in T1D. Lower cortical oxygenation and renal artery blood flow were associated with higher UACR and lower eGFR in T1D.
Bacterial pathogens and factors associated withSalmonellacontamination in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromisspp.) cultivated in a cage culture system
Authors: Thaotumpitak Varangkana , Sripradite Jarukorn , Atwill Edward R , Tepaamorndech Surapun , Jeamsripong Saharuetai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrobial food safety in cultured tilapia remains a challenge to public health worldwide, due in part to intensive aquaculture leading to poor water quality and high organic matter deposition. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of indicator and potential pathogenic bacteria in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and their cultivation water and to identify environmental parameters and other bacterial contaminants associated with Salmonella contamination. A total of 120 fish were sampled, which were partitioned into fish carcasses (n=120), muscle (n=120), intestine (n=120), liver and kidney (n=120), and cultivation water (n=120) from three commercial farms in western Thailand from October 2019 to November 2020. The prevalence of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in these 600 samples was 74.8% and 56.7%, respectively. The prevalence of Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) was 23.0%, 17.5%, 2.5%, and 1.7%, respectively. None of the samples tested positive for Streptococcus agalactiae. Cultivation water exhibited a high prevalence for Salmonella (58.3%). Among fish samples, Salmonella had the highest prevalence at 14.1%, which was mainly from fish intestine. There was a significant association of Salmonella with the presence of fecal coliforms, E. coli, V. cholerae, and V. vulnificus. The predominant serovars of Salmonella included Saintpaul, Neukoelln, Escanaba, and Papuana. Grazing ducks that were raised in proximity to these cultured tilapia shared the same isolates of Salmonella based on the similarity of their rep-PCR DNA fingerprints, suggesting that ducks may function as either a biological reservoir for tilapia or at minimum participate in the environmental replication of this strain of Salmonella. Taken together, the results suggest that the environment used for tilapia aquaculture may be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria; therefore, food safety precautions are needed during processing, transportation, cooking, and consumption.
Relationship of Social Connectedness With Decreasing Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Women Participating in the Women’s Health Initiative Study
Authors: Crandall Carolyn J , Larson Joseph , Wiley Cene Crystal , Bellettiere John , Laddu Deepika , Jackson Rebecca D , Schumacher Benjamin T , Stefanick Marcia L ,   Women’s Health Initiative Investigators, Rossouw Jacques , Ludlam Shari , McGowan Joan , Ford Leslie , Geller Nancy , Anderson Garnet , Prentice Ross , LaCroix Andrea , Kooperberg Charles , Manson JoAnn E , Howard Barbara V , Stefanick Marcia L , Jackson Rebecca , Thomson Cynthia A , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Limacher Marian , Robinson Jennifer , Kuller Lewis , Shumaker Sally , Brunner Robert , Espeland Mark 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Aging is generally accompanied by decreasing physical activity (PA), which is associated with a decline in many health parameters, leading to recommendations for older adults to increase or at least maintain PA.

Methods
We determined relationships between social connectedness and decreasing or increasing PA levels during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among 41 443 participants of the Women’s Health Initiative Extension Study. Outcomes of logistic regression models were decreasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or increasing) and increasing PA activity (reference: maintaining or decreasing). The main predictor was social connectedness as a combined variable: not living alone (reference: living alone) and communicating with others outside the home more than once/week (reference: once/week or less). We adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, body mass index, physical function level, and education.

Results
Compared with participants who were not socially connected, socially connected participants had lower odds of decreasing PA (adjusted odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.87–0.95). Odds of increasing PA (vs decreasing or maintaining PA) were not significantly different among socially connected and not socially connected participants. Associations between social connectedness and decreasing PA did not significantly differ by age (&lt;85 vs ≥85 years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White vs other races/ethnicity), education (college vs &lt;college), use of technology to stay in touch with others, or Research and Development physical function score (≤75 vs &gt;75).

Conclusion
Social connectedness was associated with lower odds of decreasing PA among older women during the pandemic. These findings could inform the development of future interventions to help older women avoid decreasing PA.
Physical Frailty and Brain White Matter Abnormalities: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Ducca Emma L , Gomez Gabriela T , Palta Priya , Sullivan Kevin J , Jack Clifford R , Knopman David S , Gottesman Rebecca F , Walston Jeremy , Windham B Gwen , Walker Keenan A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical frailty is associated with increased risk for dementia and other neurologic sequelae. However, the neurobiological changes underlying frailty and frailty risk remain unknown. We examined the association of cerebral white matter structure with current and future frailty.MethodsAtherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Neurocognitive Study participants who underwent 3T brain MRI were included. Frailty status was classified according to the Fried criteria. Cerebral white matter integrity was defined using white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and microstructure, measured using diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Multivariable linear regression was used to relate baseline frailty to white matter structure; multivariable logistic regression was used to relate baseline white matter to frailty risk among participants nonfrail at baseline.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis (N = 1 754; mean age: 76 years), frailty was associated with greater WMH volume, lower FA, and greater MD. These associations remained consistent after excluding participants with a history of stroke or dementia. Among participants nonfrail at baseline who completed follow-up frailty assessment (N = 1 379; 6.6-year follow-up period), each standard deviation increase in WMH volume was associated with 1.46 higher odds of frailty at follow-up. Composite FA and MD measures were not associated with future frailty; however, secondary analyses found several significant white matter tract-specific associations with frailty risk.ConclusionThe current study demonstrates a robust association of WMH volume with current and future frailty. Although measures of white matter microstructure were altered in frail individuals, these measures were not generally associated with progression from nonfrail to frail status.
Daily Sleep and Anxious and Depressive Symptoms Among Dementia Caregivers—The Mediation of Cortisol Total Output on High- and Low-Stress Days
Authors: Liu Yin , Fauth Elizabeth B , Fleming Daniel J M , Lorenz Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Dementia family caregivers report poor sleep and mood, typically attributed to chronic stress and managing frequent daily stressors. Although many studies use global retrospective reports of these indicators, the current study examines mechanisms linking sleep, negative affect, stress biomarkers, and high-/low-stress contexts at the daily level, from the biopsychosocial perspective of stressor exposure and reactivity.

Method
One hundred seventy-three caregivers (Mage = 61.97, SD = 10.66) were providing care at home and used adult day services (ADS) at least 2 days a week. Caregivers reported their bedtime, wake time, sleep quality, and nighttime problems of the person with dementia (PwD) daily for eight consecutive days, concurrently reporting noncare stressors, negative affect, and providing five salivary cortisol samples per day. We conducted multilevel analysis to examine whether caregiver sleep characteristics overnight (i.e., total time in bed, quality, and PwD sleep problems) were associated with their anxious and depressive symptoms on days where ADS were utilized versus non-ADS days (i.e., low stress vs. high stress), and whether cortisol daily total output as area under the curve (AUCg) mediated the direct associations, at the within- and between-person levels.

Results
On high-stress (i.e., non-ADS) days when caregivers had a longer time in bed than usual the night before, they were less anxious on the following day; the direct association was statistically mediated through lower cortisol AUCg during the day.

Discussion
Staying longer in bed than usual before an upcoming high-stress day may help dementia family caregivers better regulate cortisol stress reactivity and anxious symptoms.
COVID-19 Worries Predict Aging Preparation: Culture- and Domain-Specific Perspectives
Authors: Kim-Knauss Yaeji , Lang Frieder R , Rupprecht Fiona S , Martin Kristina , Fung Helene H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated whether worrying about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predicts people’s engagement in aging preparation. Furthermore, we expected that this association would have culture- (i.e., Hong Kong and Germany) and domain-specific (i.e., finances, housing, care needs, connectedness, and end-of-life) tendencies, as the culture and domains that are most severely hit by the pandemic differ.

Methods
A total of 360 and 1,294 adults (aged 18–98 years) living in Hong Kong and Germany, respectively, participated in a web-based study. We fitted our data to a multilevel model in order to take into account the interdependence of domains (i.e., Level 1) within the same individual (i.e., Level 2).

Results
The results revealed that reporting higher COVID-19 worries were associated with pandemic-induced aging preparation, and this association was particularly apparent for Germans in comparison to those from Hong Kong. When domains were specified, this cultural difference appeared significantly stronger for the domains of care, connectedness, and end-of-life than finances and housing.

Discussion
Findings imply that worrying about the COVID-19 pandemic predicts people to engage in aging preparation particularly in the culture and domains most affected by the pandemic. These results from those worried about the virus may be attributed to the increased self-relevance to the topic and hence motivation.
Monitoring Bivalve Behavior and Physiology in the Laboratory and Field Using Open-Source Tools
Authors: Miller Luke P 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBivalve molluscs have been the focus of behavioral and physiological studies for over a century, due in part to the relative ease with which their traits can be observed. The author reviews historical methods for monitoring behavior and physiology in bivalves, and how modern methods with electronic sensors can allow for a number of parameters to be measured in a variety of conditions using low-cost components and open-source tools. Open-source hardware and software tools can allow researchers to design and build custom monitoring systems to sample organismal processes and the environment, systems that can be tailored to the particular needs of a research program. The ability to leverage shared hardware and software can streamline the development process, providing greater flexibility to researchers looking to expand the number of traits they can measure, the frequency and duration of sampling, and the number of replicate devices they can afford to deploy.
The Core Concepts, Competencies, and Grand Challenges of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Morphology
Authors: Danos Nicole , Staab Katie Lynn , Whitenack Lisa B 
Published: May 2022

SynopsisCore concepts offer coherence to the discourse of a scientific discipline and facilitate teaching by identifying large unifying themes that can be tailored to the level of the class and expertise of the instructor. This approach to teaching has been shown to encourage deeper learning that can be integrated across subdisciplines of biology and has been adopted by several other biology subdisciplines. However, Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, although one of the oldest biological areas of study, has not had its core concepts identified. Here, we present five core concepts and seven competencies (skills) for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy that came out of an iterative process of engagement with the broader community of vertebrate morphologists over a 3-year period. The core concepts are (A) evolution, (B) structure and function, (C) morphological development, (D) integration, and (E) human anatomy is the result of vertebrate evolution. The core competencies students should gain from the study of comparative vertebrate anatomy are (F) tree thinking, (G) observation, (H) dissection of specimens, (I) depiction of anatomy, (J) appreciation of the importance of natural history collections, (K) science communication, and (L) data integration. We offer a succinct description of each core concept and competency, examples of learning outcomes that could be used to assess teaching effectiveness, and examples of relevant resources for both instructors and students. Additionally, we pose a grand challenge to the community, arguing that the field of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy needs to acknowledge racism, androcentrism, homophobia, genocide, slavery, and other influences in its history and address their lingering effects in order to move forward as a thriving discipline that is inclusive of all students and scientists and continues to generate unbiased knowledge for the betterment of humanity. Despite the rigorous process used to compile these core concepts and competencies, we anticipate that they will serve as a framework for an ongoing conversation that ensures Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy remains a relevant field in discovery, innovation, and training of future generations of scientists.
Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion GenusGatzaraNavás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision, Molecular Phylogenetics, and Biogeographic Inference
Authors: Zheng Yuchen , Hayashi Fumio , Price Benjamin W , Liu Xingyue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe antlion genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 is one of the major lineages of the subfamily Dendroleontinae Banks, 1899 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Asia, but has a complex systematic background. Here we present a comprehensive systematic revision and mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis to clarify the identity of this genus, and to unravel its evolutionary history. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, we found that the species currently placed in Gatzara belong to two clades, and most of the Gatzara species are considered to be affiliated to the genus Nepsalus Navás, 1912. The dated phylogeny with ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the common ancestor of Gatzara and Nepsalus might have been widely distributed in East Asia and these two genera may have diverged during the late Miocene. The speciation of most Nepsalus species that are allopatric in distribution might have been driven by a series of vicariance events related to the rise of the Himalayas and the formation of the major islands of East Asia during the late Miocene and Pliocene. A new species, namely Nepsalus chikuni sp. n., is described from Tibet. New taxonomic changes include the six new combinations: Nepsalus caelestis (Krivokhatsky, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorillus (Yang, 1997) comb. n., Nepsalus decorosus (Yang, 1988) comb. n., Nepsalus insolitus (Walker, 1860) comb. n., Nepsalus jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910) comb. n., and Nepsalus petrophilus (Miller & Stange in Miller et al., 1999) comb. n.
Molecular and Biochemical Detection of Insecticide Resistance in theLeishmaniaVector,Phlebotomus papatasi(Diptera: Psychodidae) to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Pyrethroids, in Central Iran
Authors: Shirani-Bidabadi Leila , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Enayati Ahmad Ali , Akhavan Amir Ahmad , Zahraei-Ramazani Ali Reza , Yaghoobi-Ershadi Mohammad Reza , Rassi Yavar , Aghaei-Afshar Abass , Koosha Mona , Arandian Mohammad Hossein , Ghanei Maryam , Ghassemi Marzieh , Vatandoost Hassan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to explore resistance markers and possible biochemical resistance mechanisms in the Phlebotomine sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi in Esfahan Province, central Iran. Homogenous resistant strains of sand flies were obtained by exposing P. papatasi collected from Esfahan to a single diagnostic dose of DDT. The adults from the colony were tested with papers impregnated with four pyrethroid insecticides: Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Cyfluthrin 0.15%, and Lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% to determine levels of cross-resistance. To discover the presence of mutations, a 440 base pair fragment of the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene was amplified and sequenced in both directions for the susceptible and resistant colonies. We also assayed the amount of four enzymes that play a key role in insecticide detoxification in the resistant colonies. A resistance ratio (RR) of 2.52 folds was achieved during the selection of resistant strains. Sequence analysis revealed no knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the VGSC gene. Enzyme activity ratio of the resistant candidate and susceptible colonies were calculated for α-esterases (3.78), β-esterases (3.72), mixed function oxidases (MFO) (3.21), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) (1.59). No cross-resistance to the four pyrethroids insecticides was observed in the DDT resistant colony. The absence of kdr mutations in the VGSC gene suggests that alterations in esterase and MFO enzymes are responsible for the resistant of P. papatasi to DDT in central Iran. This information could have significant predictive utility in managing insecticide resistant in this Leishmania vector.