bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychiatric impact of the 2020 beirut port explosion on civilians and relief workers
Authors: Charara R. , El-Khoury J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOn August 4th 2020, a massive port explosion shook Beirut, killing at least 200, injuring more than 6,000 people and leaving more than a quarter of a million living in unfit homes. Various factors can participate in the severity of mental health outcomes of a disaster including the number of injuries, the degree of property destruction, unexpectedness of the occurrence of the event, and the type of the disaster.ObjectivesThe main aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (acute stress disorder) and major depression at 1 and 6 months following the Beirut explosion. The secondary aim is to determine predictors of PTSD incidence among civilians and relief workers affected by the disaster.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with data collected via an online survey through convenience sampling. People will be recruited via social media platforms. To achieve a power of 80% and a two-sided significance of 5% and because gender differences will be explored, assuming a design effect (deff) of 2.5, a minimum sample of 960 participants would be needed. The survey will include sociodemographic data, questions about exposure levels to trauma and a psychiatric symptom inventory. Pearson’s Chi Square test will be used to examine the association between categorical variables and regression models will be run to examine the associations while controlling for confounders, including age, gender and others.ResultsThe results from both rounds of data collection (months 1 and 6) will be available in late March 2021.Conclusionsto follow based on resultsDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Involving families in psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation
Authors: Santos C. Fernandes , Medeiros A.B. , Gomes R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPsychiatric rehabilitation promotes recovery in individuals with mental disabilities. Its mission is to engage patients and families or caregivers in a collaborative treatment process. The vision of recovery is more likely to become a reality when patients and families are actively involved in treatment. Numerous factors have converged during the past decades to facilitate development and refinement of evidence-based approaches for strengthening families coping with mental disorders.ObjectivesTo review current knowledge on the importance of involving families in psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation, addressing effectiveness of family interventions, role of family coping skills in neutralizing stress and vulnerability, and family burden of mental illness.MethodsNon-systematic review of literature through search on PubMed/MEDLINE database for publications up to 2020. Textbooks were consulted.ResultsGiven the unpredictability of major mental disorders, families assume responsibility for extensive monitoring and supervision of a severely and chronically mentally ill relative. Clinical, social, family and economic benefits are achieved by adding psychosocial family interventions to a comprehensive array of services required by patients. Family interventions are not stand-alone modalities: they are coordinated with pharmacotherapy, illness management, crisis intervention, clinical case management, skills training and supportive services. Family interventions show benefits, such as fewer psychotic/affective episodes of exacerbation or relapse by the patient, reduced hospitalizations and improved family morale and less emotional burden.ConclusionsThe new and effective family interventions do not stigmatize families as being ‘sick’ or in need of therapy to ‘straighten them out’. Family interventions are viewed as conferring added therapeutic protection to the patient and relatives.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effectiveness of antipsychotics in schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder
Authors: Lähteenvuo M. , Luykx J. , Taipale H. , Mittendorfer-Rutz E. , Tanskanen A. , Batalla A. , Tiihonen J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia is highly comorbid with substance use disorders (SUD), which may negatively impact the course of illness. However, large studies exploring the best lines of treatment for this combination are lacking.ObjectivesWe investigated what are the most effective antipsychotics for patients with schizophrenia in preventing the development of substance use disorders and preventing hospitalizations in patients already having substance use disorder.MethodsWe used two independent national cohort registries including all patient with schizophrenia aged under 46 years. Participants were followed during 22 (1996–2017, Finland) and 11 years (2006–2016, Sweden). We studied risk of rehospitalization, and risk of developing an SUD when using vs. not using antipsychotics, using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis models.Results45,476 patients with schizophrenia were identified (30,860 in Finland; 14,616 in Sweden). For patients without SUD, clozapine and antipsychotic polytherapy were associated with the lowest risks of developing SUD in both countries. For patients with co-existing SUD, the risk of hospitalization was the lowest during clozapine, polytherapy and long-acting injectable use.ConclusionsIn patients with schizophrenia and comorbid SUD, antipsychotic medications were effective in preventing relapses. In those without an SUD, antipsychotic use was associated with a markedly reduced risk of developing an initial SUD. Clozapine and long-acting injectables should be considered treatments of choice in patients with schizophrenia and SUD, or at risk of developing co-morbid SUD.DisclosureML: Genomi Solutions Ltd, DNE Ltd, Sunovion, Orion Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Finnish Medical Foundation, Emil Aaltonen Foundation. HT, EMR, AT: Eli Lilly, Janssen–Cilag. JT: Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka.
Suicide and self-harm in women with mental disorders during pregnancy and the year after birth
Authors: Ayre K. , Bittar A. , Dutta R. , Howard L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is little prospective data on the risk factors for later suicide in women who experience perinatal mental disorders, particularly beyond one-year postnatal.ObjectivesAmong a cohort of women who were in contact with a mental healthcare provider during the perinatal period, to: (1) Describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the women who died by suicide (2) Understand when, in relation to childbirth, most suicides tended to occur.MethodsData-linkage of de-identified service-user electronic healthcare records, national hospital episode statistics and mortality data generated a cohort of women in contact with a mental healthcare service provider in London, UK, perinatally. Using Natural Language Processing and structured field extraction, we identified clinical, socio-demographic characteristics, self-harm exposure, and suicide.ResultsAmong 5204 women, clinical and demographic characteristics of women who did and did not die by suicide were similar apart from indicators of illness severity including perinatal sedative medication prescription, clinician-rated functional impairment and smoking, which were more common in women who died by suicide. Suicide deaths occurred most frequently in the second year post-delivery. The most common method of suicide ocurring wihtin two years was by violent means, whereas after two years postnatal, the most common method was non-violent.ConclusionsOur findings support the extension of perinatal mental healthcare service provision to two years post-delivery.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Behavioural addictions as risk factors for incidence and reoccurrence of suicide ideation and attempts in a prospective cohort study among young swiss men
Authors: Wicki M. , Andronicos M. , Studer J. , Marmet S. , Gmel G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSubstance use disorder, depression and sexual minority are well documented risk factors for suicidal behaviour, far less is known about behavioural addictions.ObjectivesFirst, to explore associations between behavioural addictions (gaming, gambling, cybersex, internet, smartphone, work) at age 25 and the incidence and reoccurrence of suicide ideation (SID), suicide attempts (SAT), and suicide attempts among those with suicide ideation (SATID) at age 28. Second, to test whether these associations were impacted by adjusting for cannabis and alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, sexual orientation and depression.MethodsBased on two waves of a prospective cohort study of 5,428 young Swiss men, nested models with and without adjustment for risk factors were used to regress SID, SAT and SATID on preceding behavioural addictions.ResultsWithout adjustment, each of the behavioural addictions at age 25 significantly predicted the incidence of SID and SAT at age 28. Gambling and cybersex addiction furthermore predicted SATID. When adjusting for other risk factors, associations with behavioural addictions were reduced, whereas depression and cannabis use disorder were the most important and consistent predictors for the incidence and recurrence of SID, SAT and SATID.ConclusionsAmong young Swiss men, behavioural addictions are important predictors of SID and SAT, however a large part of their association is shared with depression and cannabis use disorder. Treatment for addictive behaviors, especially cannabis use can open the door to larger mental health screening and targeted intervention. Crisis intervention among men presenting addictive behaviours with or without substance may therefore be key to preventing suicidal behaviour.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Outcomes of a regional suicide prevention systems intervention study: Suicide prevention by monitoring and collaborative care (SUPREMOCOL) in noord-brabant in the netherlands
Authors: Van Der Feltz-Cornelis C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSince 2007, suicide rates increased in the Netherlands and the province of Noord-Brabant ranked second nationally with a 64% increase. 60% of people who died by suicide did not receive treatment at the time of their death. Gap analysis showed 1) lack of expertise to explore suicide risk in health care or community settings where persons at risk presented; 2) lack of swift access to specialist care addressing suicidality; 3) lack of oversight of the care process and 4) lack of follow up.ObjectivesWe developed a regional suicide prevention systems intervention with chain partners at community, general health and mental health care level to address these gaps in Noord-Brabant, aiming at a 20% decrease in the number of suicides.MethodsThe project started October 2016 and lasted 4 years. The intervention has four pillars: 1) Online decision aid for health care professionals to assess suicidal risk and to communicate with chain partners; 2) swift access to care; 3) facilitation of care through the care chain by a dedicated nurse; and 4) 12 months follow up monitoring if the patient still receives appropriate care. We examined the effect of SUPREMOCOL on suicides in a pre-post design.ResultsDuring the implementation year of the intervention, suicides in Noord-Brabant dropped 17% whereas nationally they dropped 5%, and this effect was sustained after one year.ConclusionsThis suicide prevention systems intervention is effective in reducing suicide rates. Long-term follow-up and implementation is warranted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
From hysteria to conversion: A case of stuttering
Authors: Silva R. , Camilo J. , Vaz I. , Ribeiro A.M. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Conversion Disorder is a condition defined by the sudden appearance of neurologic symptoms without an identifiable organic cause, often thought to be associated with psychological triggers. This disorder can lead to severe distress and loss of functionality which, without appropriate treatment, can be made permanent.ObjectivesTo raise awareness for this unexplained and often misunderstood disorder using a clinical case as background.MethodsClinical history, organic evaluation, psychological evaluation and literature review.Results28-year-old female, single, with two children, working from home as a call-centre operator. Previously followed and medicated for depression. Presents to the ER due to sudden loss of consciousness while working, after which her speech became hindered by stuttering. Neurologic evaluation was unremarkable and she was referred for Psychiatric assessment, resulting in a diagnosis of Conversion Disorder. Speech was at first understandable but in the following weeks became progressively worse and eventually led to aphonia, while written communication remained normal and was the patient’s method of choice.ConclusionsOnce a favourite of Psychiatrists, little is yet known about the underlying mechanisms behind this disorder. Experts disagree on whether to classify it as a dissociative disorder, a somatoform disorder, or its own category. Patients presenting with this condition are often mistaken for malingering and thus subject to unhelpful or outright discriminatory practices. Broadened awareness is required to ensure patients get early access to the best possible care and thus improve their quality of life.
Are anxiety disorders associated with accelerated ageing and cognitive decline? A multicenter italian study in middle aged and older patients and controls
Authors: Daccò S. , Caldirola D. , Alciati A. , Fagiolini A. , Brambilla P. , Perna G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAnxiety Disorders (AnxDs) are highly prevalent in middle-aged and older individuals and are putative factors that might interfere with normal aging, by affecting cognitive functioning and neuroprogression.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess whether current AnxD in middle-aged and older subjects are associated with 1) lower neuropsychological performance, 2) shorter telomere length/lower plasmatic Amyloid-Beta, and 3) brain connectivity alterations, compared to subjects without lifetime psychiatric disorders (HCs).MethodsThis is an ongoing multicentric cross-sectional study. We collected preliminary data on neuropsychological performance through a standardized battery, in 60 outpatients with current AnxDs (DSM-5 criteria), 24 with psychopharmacological treatments (AnxDs+) and 36 without (AnxDs-), compared to 76 HCs, all aged 50-75 years. This study was supported by Fondazione Cariplo, grant n° 2014:0664.ResultsAnxDs- patients showed poorer performance in the language domain, namely in semantic fluency (p=0.04), compared to HCs. No other significant differences were found between groups. Within the patients’ group, we found that a greater burden of psychiatric disorders or medical diseases, current use of benzodiazepines, or unhealthy lifestyle had significant detrimental effects on cognition, whereas current use of antidepressants, pharmacological treatments for medical conditions, and higher levels of physical activity exhibited the opposite effects.ConclusionsWe found only limited difference in cognitive performance between patients and controls. However, our preliminary results show that multiple factors influence cognitive performance in individuals with AnxDs, making these aspect important to monitor in clinical practice. So far, our results are provisional and further analyses in the final sample may provide more reliable conclusions.
Comorbid adult adhd and bipolar affective disorder – assessment challenges
Authors: Pereira I. , Nogueira V. , Marguilho M. , Teixeira J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAttention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are two of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders presenting in children and adults, respectively. Reported co-occurrence of ADHD and BD in adulthood is higher than would be expected by chance, with great impact on prognosis and treatment. Since features of both entities can overlap, careful assessment of these patients is crucial.ObjectivesTo understand the relation between BD and ADHD, and how co-occurrence impacts clinical evaluation.Methods
Bibliographic research was made through the PubMed/NCBI database. No time limit was specified on the search. Pertinent manuscripts were individually reviewed for additional relevant citations.ResultsADHD influences the course and manifestations of BD, regardless of its presence later in adulthood. There is a 3-fold increase of ADHD co-occurrence in individuals with BD when compared to normal population, and ADHD seems to co-occur in about 20% of BD patients (even after correction for overlapping symptoms). Features which may suggest simultaneous diagnosis are: earlier occurrence of BD-related symptoms (especially manic or hypomanic states), more severe course of the mood disorder, less adherence to treatment and higher functioning impact. This makes for a worse prognosis, with increased suicidal risk in these patients.ConclusionsThe co-occurrence of BD and ADHD may represent a distinct clinical phenotype, with recent findings highlighting the presence of common neurobiological mechanisms. Accordingly, patients with BD should be screened for ADHD and viceversa. There is no consensus for treatment of ADHD-BD patients, with further studies being necessary to better define and define possible therapeutic approaches.
Bipolar disorder and peripartum mood episodes: Epidemiology and clinical correlates
Authors: Aragno E. , Salvo G. Di , Rosso G. , Maina G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIt is known that the peripartum period is a high-risk period of recurrence in bipolar disorder (BD). However, data on correlations between reproductive life events, such as age at menarche and peripartum period, are mixed in BD.ObjectivesThe aims of this retrospective study are to investigate the lifetime rate of peripartum mood episodes, the clinical correlates and the relationship between age at menarche and peripartum episode in a sample of women with BD.MethodsThe study focused on comparisons between women with vs. without peripartum mood episodes (n = 292). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics between women with vs without BD peripartum episode were examined through descriptive statistics.Adjusted logistic regression analysis was run to examine the association between variables.ResultsIn our sample, 30% had at least one BD peripartum episode. Women with peripartum episode had significantly earlier age at menarche, earlier onset of BD and longer duration of untreated disorder compared to women without peripartum episode. After adjustment, the late menarche (>15 years) was associated with lower probability of BD episodes during the peripartum period compared to normal menarche (12-14 years).ConclusionsPeripartum mood episodes are common in BD and are correlated with early onset of BD and long duration of untreated disorder. Moreover, age at menarche may be related to the risk of peripartum mood episodes. The results deserve to be deepened in further studies.
Bipolar disorders distribution in the two genders: An analysis of recently published large sample studies
Authors: Cafaro R. , Dell’Osso B. , Ketter T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIn the last decade, literature reports evidences of a growing number of patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorders (BD), however, only few data are available regarding the distribution of BD diagnosis in the two genders. In fact, although many studies show differences in presentation and comorbidities of BD in the two genders, BD are commonly perceived as equally affecting both women and men. On the other hand, BD in female patients can often be misdiagnosed as MDD, especially because of the higher number of depressive episodes that characterize BD in women.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyse the gender composition of large samples, recently published studies on BD, in order to evaluate a possible modification of representation of BD in the two genders.MethodsAn electronic review of literature was conducted, and results were filtered by year of publication (2011-2020) and number of patients (> 1,000).ResultsOur results show a higher number of female patients in every study evaluated (N=10). Of note, we found a higher number of females also in BD-I subsamples, in contradiction with previously published literature.ConclusionsEven if with limitations connected to the design of the study, our study supports the hypothesis of a gender specific increment in BD diagnosis, and could lead the way for large epidemiological studies assessing gender specific prevalence of BD in the general population. Given the risks connected with untreated BD, and with antidepressants monotherapy, a better understanding of BD epidemiology could help physicians adequately diagnose and treat affected subjects.
Clinical and evolutionary features of bipolar disorder in women
Authors: Tfifha M. , Abbes W. , Nefoussi M. , Abbes M. , Mdhaffar K. , Zitoun K. , Ghanmi L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBipolar female patients have clinical and evolutionary features wich involve different factors related to the women specifities.Objectives
Establish clinical and evolutionary features in a population of bipolar female patients attending to Gabes psychiatry department.MethodsA retrospective descriptive and analytical study was undertaken including female patients referred to psychiatry department of Gabes regional hospital, for the first time in a 6-year period (January 1st, 2010 to December 31, 2016) and who were already diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). Sociodemographic, clinical and evolutionary data were assessed. Patients were divised into two groups according to gender. The collected data were compared between the two groups. The statistical analysis was executed on the software SPSS (20th edition).ResultsFrom the 193 bipolar patients, 103 were women. The mean age of the disorder’s onset amongst Female patients was 32.4 years old [14 - 63]. The mean duration of the disorder was 7.6 years [2 - 30]. The polarity of the first episode was a depressive one in 74.7% of cases. It was associated to psychotic features in 43.7% of cases. Seasonal pattern was noted in 10.6% amongst female patients and rapid cycling bipolar disorder in 6.2% of cases. Analytical study showed that women began the BD more often with a depressive episode (p=0.004) and were more frequently diagnosed with BD type 2 (p<0.001). Men had significantly more auditory (p=0.002) and visual hallucinations (p=0.019).ConclusionsThere were clinical specifities of women with BD from which important to be considered.