bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative corpus study on a case of non-canonical question
Authors: Tovena Lucia M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns wh-interrogatives with French comment ‘how’ in their reason interpretation. Some of the peculiarities that make them non-canonical are the modified semantic type of the domain of the wh-item, which is closer to propositions than to ‘manners’, and a high base generation position. These questions are used by a speaker to put on hold a (possibly implicit) invitation from the interlocutors to admit the prejacent into the common ground, and tackle preconditions to admitting it. We aim to gain insight about the characterisation of reason-comment by testing potential constraints on its occurrences, using data about lack of subject-auxiliary inversion from corpora research. The paper reports on a survey that reveals that these questions facilitate the setting up a jousting discursive procedure, in monological texts. They are not among the characteristics of informal French.
French questions alternating between a reason and a manner interpretation
Authors: Brunetti Lisa , Tovena Lucia M. , Yoo Hiyon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The French wh-word comment ’how’ may be used with a reason interpretation, that is in a question that inquires about how the situation described by the proposition that follows comment (the pseudo-prejacent) might occur or have occurred, which goes against the expectations of the speaker. In this paper, we report on a rating study whose goal was to understand the extent to which reason-comment questions – compared to manner-comment questions – are interpreted as having some questioning force or, conversely, as being rhetorical. We also test whether reason-comment questions express a certain degree of surprise and confirm our hypothesis that with reason-comment questions the speaker tries to recover from an expectation failure, while results concerning the questioning force show that reason-comment questions can be true questions (though questioning is not their sole function), and invalidate analyses that systematically treat them as rhetorical questions.
Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based polymer composites: Fundamentals and applications
Authors: Liu Jialin , Hui David , Lau Denvid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites exhibit superior properties and multifunctional applications. Compared to lower dimensional nanomaterials such as nanotubes and nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials show a larger surface area. The large surface area makes 2D nanomaterials more effectively restrict the mobility of polymer chains and yields better reinforcing efficiency than the lower-dimensional nanomaterials. To gain an in-depth understanding and extend the applications of polymer composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials, this paper reviews the progress in the fundamentals of synthesis and applications of such composites. The motivation and improvement of adding 2D nanomaterials to polymer materials are introduced first, followed by the synthesis approaches and the properties of typical 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, boron nitride nanosheet, and molybdenum disulfide nanosheet. Based on the properties of 2D nanomaterials, polymer composites reinforced with different types of 2D nanomaterials are designed for structural application, thermal dissipation application, tribological application, three-dimensional printing composite structures, and strain sensing application. Afterwards, the significance of reinforcement–matrix interaction and its improving approach are reviewed. The current progress envisions that polymer composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials can be used in the fields of aviation and aerospace for improving radiation shielding capacity and nanomedical engineering.
Assessment of processibility and properties of raw post-consumer waste polyethylene in the rotational moulding process
Authors: Pick Louise , Hanna Paul R. , Gorman Luke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents work from an ongoing study into the use of post-consumer waste polymer in the rotational moulding process. Raw plastic recyclate, predominantly consisting of polyethylene, was processed into polymer powders containing an additive package suitable for rotational moulding, with and without the addition of a compatibiliser. Rheological studies on the materials showed very high viscosities at low shear rates in comparison with materials typically used in rotational moulding, which has significant implications for melt flow and bubble removal during the process. It was possible to mould the materials successfully, but poor surface finishes were achieved. Impact strength was drastically lower for recyclate mouldings compared with virgin material. Tensile strength of the recyclate mouldings was reduced compared to virgin polyethylene, but results indicated that optimising the processing conditions could lead to improvements. This work gives some baseline indicators to inform further planned work on optimising processing conditions and identifying viable material compositions.
Gesture, a tool for synthetic reasoning
Authors: Maddalena Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper I propose to read and understand gestures as logical tools within a synthetic paradigm of knowledge. This interpretation of gesture is drawn from a new pragmatist reading of reasoning in general, and synthetic reasoning in particular. Complete gestures are actions with a beginning and an end that bear a meaning. It is our regular way to embody vague ideas into singular actions with general meaning. The tool is forged by a dense blending of icons, indices, and symbols and by a complexity of phenomenological characteristics as feelings, actual actions, general concepts and habits (firstness, secondness, and thirdness in Peirce’s phenomenology). The paper illustrates this new way to look at gestures and different kinds of complete and incomplete gestures.
Einflussfaktoren der touristischen Verkehrsmittelwahl
Authors: Bünstorf Nicole 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Mobilität und Tourismus gehören untrennbar zusammen, denn ohne einen Ortswechsel gibt es keine Urlaubsreise. Der Tourismus aber verursacht anthropogene Kohlendioxidemissionen, von denen etwa 75 % auf den touristischen Verkehr entfallen. Angesichts dieses Beitrags zum Klimawandel erscheint es notwendig, sich mit Wegen zu einer ökologischen touristischen Mobilität zu beschäftigen. Zur Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf die touristische Verkehrsmittelwahl wurde ein Erklärungsmodell basierend auf der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens entwickelt. Neben den Basiskonstrukten wurden als ergänzende Modellkonstrukte die persönliche Norm, das allgemeine Umweltbewusstsein sowie gewohnheitsmäßiges Handeln hinzugefügt. Eine empirische Untersuchung mit n=738 ermittelte durch multiple lineare Regression wichtige Ansatzpunkte für die Gestaltung von Handlungsempfehlungen.
Barrierefreier Tourismusraum Konstanz
Authors: Eitzenberger Florian J. , Kromer Luzie , Thimm Tatjana 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Studie analysiert die Barrierefreiheit der Stadt Konstanz im Hinblick auf Angebote für und Nachfrage von Touristinnen und Touristen. Die Datenerhebung basierte auf einem Methodenmix aus Interviews und Umfragen von Probanden und Probandinnen mit Behinderungen und zuständigen Akteurinnen und Akteuren in der Stadtplanung sowie Begehungen vor Ort. Als theoretische Grundlage wird das Modell der Unabhängigkeit nach Nosek and Fuhrer (1992) verwendet. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass der Bedarf an barrierefreien Angeboten sehr divers ist und die Umsetzung im Sinne eines Universal Design durch die zunehmende Nachfrage zentral. Die Analyse des Tourismusraum Konstanz zeigt Schwachpunkte und Stärken, mit denen sich Implikationen für andere Tourismusregionen ableiten lassen.
Klimaschutz und Luftverkehr – Bewusstsein, Flugkonsum und Kompensationsbereitschaft der Generationen Y und Z
Authors: Zimmer Kirstin , Ferschke Verena , Keck Ellen , Scheiber Niclas , Woll Julia 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Reiselust der Generationen Y und Z steigt ebenso wie deren Umweltbewusstsein. Doch wie lassen sich diese beiden Strömungen miteinander vereinen? Dieser Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zum Spannungsfeld Klimaschutz und Reiselust dar. Im Rahmen einer qualitativen und quantitativen Befragung zeigte sich, dass der Zielgruppe beides wichtig ist, sie sich jedoch für das Reisen entscheidet, wenn sie wählen müsste. Nichtsdestotrotz wünschen sich die Generationen Y und Z Änderungen im Luftverkehr zu Gunsten des Klimaschutzes – auch wenn diese Änderungen mit Kosten für die Reisenden verbunden sind. Das Prinzip der CO2-Kompensation stößt zwar auf positive Rückmeldungen, jedoch haben die meisten Befragten der Generationen Y und Z noch nie einen Flug kompensiert.
Migration Problems at the Regional Security Level: Reasons for Georgian Migration Abroad
Authors: Beraia Eka 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Migration has become one of the most current themes in the reality of Georgian society since the destruction of the Soviet Union. However, this process dates backs to the twentieth century in the history of Georgian migration. Wars, chaos and turmoil, geopolitical location, and social and political conflicts constantly triggered the population to migrate either within the country or abroad. The most recent history of Georgian migration can be divided into several waves or phases: 1. Before the 1950s (Soviet Union regime), when the population was forced to leave their living place by brutal political repressions; 2. In the period of the 1950s to the 1990s, when Georgians migrated within the territory of the Soviet Union Republic; 3. The mass migration of the 1990s, which was caused by social crisis, economic hardship, political turmoil, military conflicts (including inter-ethnic conflicts in Abkhazia (1992–1993) and South Ossetia (1988–1992) and the civil war of 1993, against the democratically elected Georgian president Zviad Gamsakhurdia; 4. The later migration outflow from Georgia was mainly recorded in 2000, when a huge wave of migrants went to Russia but, as the visa regime had been restricted, Georgian citizens had to choose another destination. This time migrants headed to European countries and the USA. It has to be mentioned that since 2002, the emigration process has become more and more diverse as the motivation of migrants varied as well as the places of destination. Unfortunately, the data that reflects the precise picture of migration in Georgia does not exist. Even the official data cannot be acknowledged as accurate information about the migrants or migration because of the absence of a precise mechanism that collects reliable statistical information. It depicts data based on various sources and methodologies that should be taken into consideration when highlighting the number of migrants.
Sex differences in MEN 2A penetrance and expression according to parental inheritance
Authors: Machens Andreas , Lorenz Kerstin , Weber Frank , Dralle Henning 
Published: February 2022

Objective
This study aimed to delineate the age-dependent clinical penetrance and expression of heterozygous rearranged during transfection (RET) missense mutations associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) according to parental inheritance.

Design
This was an observational study of RET carriers operated for MEN2A-associated tumors between 1985 and 2021.

Methods
Kaplan−Meier time-to-event and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed on node metastases from medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, bilateral pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism.

Results
Some 405 (70.1%) of 578 patients carrying heterozygous MEN2A RET missense mutations had information about the parental inheritance of the trait. On Kaplan−Meier analysis, offspring who inherited the trait from the father developed node metastases (Plog-rank= 0.007), pheochromocytoma (Plog-rank= 0.029), bilateral pheochromocytoma (Plog-rank= 0.002), and primary hyperparathyroidism (Plog-rank= 0.018) at a significantly younger age than offspring who inherited the trait from the mother. On multivariable Cox regression, controlling for index status, offspring sex, and (where feasible) mutational risk, parental inheritance was consistently associated with each MEN2A-associated tumor (hazard ratios (HR) = 1.7–1.8 for the earlier manifestations node metastases and pheochromocytoma vs HR of 2.9–3.4 for the late manifestations bilateral pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism). Herein, node metastases were 3.1- and 1.7-fold more closely associated with mutational risk (HR of 5.3 for high and 2.9 for moderate-high risk mutations vs low-moderate risk mutations) than parental inheritance (HR = 1.7).

Conclusion
These findings illustrate the importance of considering not just mutational risk but also parental inheritance when it comes to personalization of screening for and early detection of the various components of MEN2A-associated tumors.
Long-term stability of uranium-oxide-based microparticle reference materials: Shelf-life in alcoholic suspension and storage media
Authors: Potts Shannon Kimberly , Kegler Philip , Hammerich Simon , Klinkenberg Martina , Niemeyer Irmgard , Bosbach Dirk , Neumeier Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For the analysis of individual micrometer- and submicrometer-sized particles collected by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspectors on swipe samples during in-field verification, well-defined microparticulate reference materials are requested by the IAEA for quality control measures. In the safeguards laboratory of the Forschungszentrum Jülich, an aerosol-based process is established to produce well-defined U3O8 microparticulate reference materials according to the IAEA requirements. One of these requirements is the stability of the particles under storage conditions over a certain period. The stability of U3O8 microparticles stored in ethanol was monitored over a period of approximately 4 years indicating some alteration effects. On this basis, systematic shelf-life studies were conducted to understand the interaction of these particles with various storage media over a defined period of time. The paper discusses the first results of shelf-life investigations on U3O8 microparticles in various alcoholic solvents.

Graphical abstract
Synthesis and characterisation of Ce-doped zirconolite Ca0.80Ce0.20ZrTi1.60M0.40O7 (M = Fe, Al) formed by reactive spark plasma sintering (RSPS)
Authors: Aldean Ismail , Sun Shi-Kuan , Wilkins Malin C. Dixon , Gardner Laura J. , Mason Amber R. , Stennett Martin C. , Corkhill Claire L. , Hyatt Neil C. , Blackburn Lewis R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReactive spark plasma sintering has been utilised as a high-throughput processing route for the synthesis of two simulant zirconolite wasteform materials, targeting Ca0.80Ce0.20ZrTi1.60M0.40O7 (M = Fe3+ and Al3+). Materials were processed under 15 MPa uniaxial pressure, with heating/cooling rates of 100 °C/min to 1320 °C, maintained under vacuum. Despite moderate yield (> 80 wt%) of zirconolite-2M, a considerable Ce-rich perovskite phase was formed in both formulations, attributed to complete reduction of the Ce inventory to Ce3+, as determined by Ce L3-edge XANES analysis. The composition charge balanced with Al3+ was favoured on the basis of lower accompanying perovskite fraction.
Graphical abstract
Russian-Chinese financial cooperation: possibility of large-scale deepening
Authors: Jiaxue Song 
Published: February 2022

Today, Russia and China are the two largest developing economies in the world, and they are also comprehensive partners of each other, having close ties and cooperation in political, economic, energy and other fields. In recent years, Russia and China have achieved great results in financial cooperation, but in general the situation is still in its infancy. The large-scale deepening of Russian-Chinese financial cooperation is a common interest and an inevitable trend of the two countries.
In this article, the authors first examined the current state of Russian-Chinese financial cooperation. It is established that the two countries have created a two-level mechanism of cooperation, opened several bank branches and representative offices, developed interbank correspondent relations and bilateral settlements in national currencies are developing rapidly, the share of national currencies in settlements between Russia and China in 2020 reached 25 %, and in 2013–2014 this share was negligible and amounted to about 2–3 %.
The authors also use the SVAR model from the point of view of economic shock correlation to analyze the possibility of large-scale deepening of financial cooperation between Russia and China. It was found that the correlation coefficients of supply shock and demand shock between Russia and China did not exceed 0.2. It is believed that the two countries have basic conditions for financial cooperation, but currently there are no conditions for large-scale deepening of further cooperation in the financial sphere.
In conclusion, the authors recommended deepening Russian-Chinese financial cooperation from the following aspects:
1.	Improving the mechanism of financial cooperation.
2.	Increasing the level of bilateral settlements in national currencies and promoting the internationalization of the ruble and yuan.
3.	Improving the level of banking services and introducing innovations in financial products.
Masculinidad y paternidad en procesos de crianza en Medellín, Colombia, 2018
Authors: Pérez Rivera Norman Hernando , Giraldo Osorio Mónica Yazmín , Muñoz Echeverri Iván Felipe 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Presentar y discutir significados y prácticas sobre la paternidad y la masculinidad que se dan en la crianza, y que conducen a la reproducción social de los patrones hegemónicos patriarcales o a la emergencia de formas alternativas de ser hombre en la sociedad actual.
Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con base teórica en el interaccionismo simbólico; el procesamiento y el análisis de la información se efectuaron bajo premisas de la teoría fundamentada. Participaron padres y madres de una institución educativa pública de Medellín; se realizaron 6 entrevistas y un grupo de discusión.
Resultados: Se describen significados y prácticas sobre masculinidades y paternidades que reproducen el patriarcado en el escenario de la crianza, así como otros que tienden hacia formas alternativas o colaborativas de masculinidad. Igualmente, se describen impulsores para el tránsito hacia masculinidades y paternidades colaborativas en el escenario de la crianza.
Conclusión: La crianza posee un lugar determinante en la reproducción del patriarcado, pero engendra, a la vez, la potencialidad de propiciar transformaciones necesarias a favor de masculinidades y paternidades comprometidas con la equidad de género.
Nutritional overview of non-critical COVID-19 patients during quarantine in a premier hospital of India
Authors: Kaur Parmeet , Rahman Ghazala , Pandey Veena 
Published: February 2022

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a recent global disease. During hospital quarantine of non-critical COVID-19 patients, specific attention is given on their general management and little is known regarding the nutritional approach. The present study was therefore conducted to assess their dietary predilections during hospital quarantine.A prospective observational study was conducted in non-critical COVID -19 patients admitted in isolation wards of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi from 1 November 2020 to mid of January 2021. A dietician administered a pre validated questionnaire telephonically to obtain data regarding demographic, anthropometric and dietary characteristics. The results were expressed as mean, standard deviation and median. Chi square tests were used to compare category variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 9 version 20.0.SPSS, Inc., Chicago IL). 132 patients volunteered to enrol in the study. The mean age of patients was 34.6 +13.5years. Portion size of foods served and number of food groups in breakfast, lunch and dinner as per standard diet scale for balanced hospital diet, did not differentiate by BMI categories (Pearson’s x&#62;0.05). The mean body mass Index (BMI) was 23.75+4.15. Being overweight and obese correlated with taste issues (Pearson’s x&#60; 0.05). Additional centre of attention on fruits, vegetables, fluids and proteins Owing to the recent growing COVID-19 situation, the findings of the present study may be utilized in developing the most favourable nutritional strategies within the inpatient hospital menu for providing enhanced nutritional care.
Ocular manifestations and treatment outcome of allergic fungal pan sinusitis
Authors: B M Varshitha , M Sharanabasamma 
Published: February 2022

To know the incidence and treatment outcome of various ocular manifestations of allergic fungal pan sinusitis. A prospective study was conducted in a medical college hospital in south India for a period of 2 years which included all the cases of allergic fungal pansinusitis presented to the hospital. The cases were diagnosed by Bent-Kuhn criteria. The cases with ophthalmologic involvement were included in the study. CT scan of PNS, brain, orbit were done and the disease extent was noted. Cases with eye involvement were planned for surgical debridement after an initial prednisolone oral 1mg/kg over 2 weeks. Surgical debridement was done endoscopically by a team of ENT surgeon, oculoplastic surgeon and neurosurgeon. Histopathologic examination was done. Post-surgery the steroids were tapered over 2 weeks. Post operative follow up was done every day for first week followed by weekly once till a month and every 6 monthly once for a year in the form of clinical examination, CT scan was repeated after a week during post op period. In cases with suspected recurrence CT PNS was performed. Their outcomes were analyzed. 6 cases (33%) had ocular involvement. Proptosis was the most common (28%) finding followed by epiphora (22.2%), ophthalmoparesis (22.2%), diplopia (22.2%), ophthalmoplegia (11.%), complete loss of vision (5%). Surgical intervention led to early recovery in proptosis followed by others except with PL -ve case. Early treatment in AFPS prevents vision loss and has better outcomes.
Clinical and demographic profile of vernal keratoconjunctivitis at a tertiary eye care hospital in national capital region of India
Authors: Chaturvedi Nandita , Nidhi  , Bhattacharya Malobika 
Published: February 2022

To study the clinical and demographic profile of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) at a tertiary eye care center in NCR of India. A total of 92 patients with active VKC, were included in the study. Age, gender, personal and family allergies, presenting symptoms, duration of disease, complete ocular examination and complications were recorded. The Mean age at presentation was 9 years with male to female ratio of 3.4:1. Majority of the patients had mixed pattern disease (72.8%). Chronic perennial disease was seen in 44% patients. Personal or family history of allergies was noted in 9.8% patients. Moderate to severe vision loss was seen in 8.7% of cases. The commonest complication was peripheral corneal neovascularisation in 7.6% patients. VKC is the disease of childhood,and males are more commonly affected. In this region,mixed type and with perennial diseaseis the most common form.