bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Effects of Lower Body Negative Pressure at 3T MRI: Implications for Long‐Duration Space Travel
Authors: Kramer Larry A. , Hasan Khader M. , Gabr Refaat E. , Macias Brandon R. , Marshall‐Goebel Karina , Laurie Steven S. , Hargens Alan R. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundOptic disc edema develops in most astronauts during long‐duration spaceflight. It is hypothesized to result from weightlessness‐induced venous congestion of the head and neck and is an unresolved health risk of space travel.PurposeDetermine if short‐term application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) could reduce internal jugular vein (IJV) expansion associated with the supine posture without negatively impacting cerebral perfusion or causing IJV flow stasis.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsNine healthy volunteers (six women).Field Strength/Sequence3T/cine two‐dimensional phase‐contrast gradient echo; pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling single‐shot gradient echo echo‐planar.AssessmentThe study was performed with two sequential conditions in randomized order: supine posture and supine posture with 25 mmHg LBNP (LBNP25). LBNP was achieved by enclosing the lower extremities in a semi‐airtight acrylic chamber connected to a vacuum. Heart rate, bulk cerebrovasculature flow, IJV cross‐sectional area, fractional IJV outflow relative to arterial inflow, and cerebral perfusion were assessed in each condition.Statistical TestsPaired t‐tests were used to compare measurement means across conditions. Significance was defined as P < 0.05.ResultsLBNP25 significantly increased heart rate from 64 ± 9 to 71 ± 8 beats per minute and significantly decreased IJV cross‐sectional area, IJV outflow fraction, cerebral arterial flow rate, and cerebral arterial stroke volume from 1.28 ± 0.64 to 0.56 ± 0.31 cm2, 0.75 ± 0.20 to 0.66 ± 0.28, 780 ± 154 to 708 ± 137 mL/min and 12.2 ± 2.8 to 9.7 ± 1.7 mL/cycle, respectively. During LBNP25, there was no significant change in gray or white matter cerebral perfusion (P = 0.26 and P = 0.24 respectively) and IJV absolute mean peak flow velocity remained ≥4 cm/sec in all subjects.Data ConclusionShort‐term application of LBNP25 reduced IJV expansion without decreasing cerebral perfusion or inducing IJV flow stasis.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Working on the dirty side—the ipsilateral subclavian access for temporary pacing after lead extraction
Authors: Zweiker David , Melillo Francesco , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Radinovic Andrea , Marzi Alessandra , Cianfanelli Lorenzo , Altizio Savino , Limite Luca R. , Paglino Gabriele , Frontera Antonio , Nakajima Kenzaburo , Brugliera Luigia , Malatino Lorenzo , Della Bella Paolo , Mazzone Patrizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTemporary pacing is necessary in pacemaker‐dependent patients after transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for cardiac implantable electronic device infection. In case of unavailability of other accesses, we propose to use the ipsilateral subclavian access (ISA) combined with a standard permanent active fixation lead for the temporary pacemaker and present preliminary data.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled patients undergoing TLE who received a temporary pacemaker using the ISA between August 2016 and April 2020 at our centre.ResultsDuring the observation period, 36 patients undergoing TLE for pocket infection (72.2%), endocarditis (25.0%) or other causes received a temporary pacemaker over the ISA. Their mean age was 77.0 ± 10.7 years, and 13.9% were female. Complete TLE was achieved in 94.4%. There were no major periprocedural complications. Intra‐hospital mortality was 11.1%. Pocket revision was performed in 19.4%. During long‐term follow‐up (23 ± 13 months), 8.3% had a relapse of local pocket infection and 2.8% needed rehospitalization for reintervention.ConclusionsTemporary pacing using a standard permanent active fixation lead using the ISA is a convenient alternative to conventional venous accesses. However, risks of implanting a lead into a previously infected area have to be taken into account.
A hidden cost of mucus production by phytoplankton: Viscosity hinders nutrient uptake
Authors: Inman Bryce G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiverse phytoplankton exude polysaccharides that can form a viscous mucus layer surrounding their cells, facilitating complex chemical exchanges with bacteria. An unexplored ramification of mucus production is the influence of its viscosity on the diffusion of nutrients such as vitamins to the cell. Here, I use simulations to demonstrate that mucus viscosity increases the nutrient concentration gradient but always reduces the flux to the cell. Uptake is marginally improved during nutrient pulses, as the mucus acts like a sponge by retaining nutrients near the cell. Lower uptake in the presence of mucus presents a fitness cost that any ecological benefits of mucus must outweigh. I derive a relationship between mucus viscosity and nutrient uptake that can be used to test hypotheses of mutualistic interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria. This work emphasizes the need for empirical measurements of macronutrient diffusion through mucus layers and provides a framework for interpreting those results.
Water‐Soluble Reactive Polymer Blends for Stable Memory Layers in Low‐Voltage Nonvolatile Organic Memory Transistors with High Mobility and Data‐Retention Characteristics
Authors: Lee Chulyeon , Lee Woongki , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHere low‐voltage nonvolatile organic memory transistors, featuring high charge‐carrier mobility and outstanding data‐retention characteristics, by employing water‐soluble reactive polymer blends as a gate‐insulating memory layer are demonstrated. Blend films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA) (PVA:PAMPSA) are prepared from their aqueous solutions with various molar ratios of PAMPSA (0–18 mol%) and thermally annealed at 70 and 110 °C. Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are fabricated by depositing poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) channel layers on the thermally treated PVA:PAMPSA films. Results show that the hole mobility of OFETs is remarkably increased (≈294 times at 70 °C and ≈42 times at 110 °C) by adding only 2 mol% PAMPSA to the PVA films and further improved at 10 mol% PAMPSA (>11.7 cm2 V−1s−1 at 70 °C and >3.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 110 °C). The hysteresis characteristics are rather strengthened for the PVA:PAMPSA layers by annealing at 110 °C due to the formation of cross‐linking sites, even though the OFETs with the pristine PVA layers do almost lose hysteresis characteristics at 110 °C. The optimized OFETs with the PVA:PAMPSA layers (10 mol%, 110 °C) deliver excellent data retention characteristics during >10 000 memory cycles at a voltage range of −5 to +5 V.
Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota
Authors: García‐Villalba Rocío , Giménez‐Bastida Juan Antonio , Cortés‐Martín Adrián , Ávila‐Gálvez María Ángeles , Tomás‐Barberán Francisco A. , Selma María Victoria , Espín Juan Carlos , González‐Sarrías Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUrolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid, are discovered by the research group in humans almost 20 years ago. Pioneering research suggests urolithins as pleiotropic bioactive contributors to explain the health benefits after consuming ellagitannin‐rich sources (pomegranates, walnuts, strawberries, etc.). Here, this study comprehensively updates the knowledge on urolithins, emphasizing the review of the literature published during the last 5 years. To date, 13 urolithins and their corresponding conjugated metabolites (glucuronides, sulfates, etc.) have been described and, depending on the urolithin, detected in different human fluids and tissues (urine, blood, feces, breastmilk, prostate, colon, and breast tissues). There has been a substantial advance in the research on microorganisms involved in urolithin production, along with the compositional and functional characterization of the gut microbiota associated with urolithins metabolism that gives rise to the so‐called urolithin metabotypes (UM‐A, UM‐B, and UM‐0), relevant in human health. The design of in vitro studies using physiologically relevant assay conditions (molecular forms and concentrations) is still a pending subject, making some reported urolithin activities questionable. In contrast, remarkable progress has been made in the research on the safety, bioactivity, and associated mechanisms of urolithin A, including the first human interventions.
Asynchronous resource‐aware control for uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems with application to robot arm
Authors: Fu Hang , Ma Chao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the asynchronous controller design of uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems (SMJSs) with a self‐triggered scheme to reduce network resource occupation and attenuate disturbance. More precisely, a self‐triggered strategy is designed for the asynchronous controller synthesis process, which could improve network communication efficiency and deal with the mode jump asynchronous phenomenon problem of systems and controllers. To achieve the desired interference rejection performance of SMJSs, sufficient criteria are constructed in terms of model transformation and mode‐dependent Lyapunov functional method. Then, the matrix technique is used to synthesize asynchronous controller design. Eventually, our proposed approach is validated via a practical illustration on a single‐link robot arm.
Presence of Tim3+ and PD‐1+CD8+T cells identifies microsatellite stable colorectal carcinomas with immune exhaustion and distinct clinicopathological features
Authors: Klapholz Max , Drage Michael G , Srivastava Amitabh , Anderson Ana C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractColorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. CRC is stratified into two major groups: microsatellite stable (MSS) and microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H). MSS CRC constitutes the majority of cases, has worse overall prognosis, and thus far has failed to respond to immunotherapies targeting the immune checkpoint receptors PD‐1, PD‐L1, and CTLA‐4. Here we examined the alternate immunotherapy targets Tim‐3 and Lag‐3, as well as PD‐1, on immune cells in a cohort of MSS CRC using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry together with mutational analysis and clinical data. We found that PD‐1 was variably expressed across CD4+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subtypes, and Tim‐3 was mostly restricted to CD4+ regulatory T cells. Lag‐3, when detected by flow cytometry, was largely coexpressed with Tim‐3 and PD‐1 in CD4+ TILs. Furthermore, Tim‐3+PD‐1+ CD8+ TILs accumulated in the tumor and exhibited a dysfunctional or ‘exhausted’ phenotype. Notably, we observed a subset of patients with a high proportion of Tim‐3−PD‐1− CD8+ TILs and, conversely, a low proportion of Tim‐3+PD‐1+ CD8+ TILs, thus stratifying MSS CRC patients based on a feature of immune exhaustion (MSS‐ImmEx). MSS‐ImmExhi patients had abundant Tim‐3+PD‐1+ CD8+ TILs, PD‐1+ CD4+ effector, and regulatory T cells, and were enriched for left‐sided colon tumors and mutations in the APC tumor‐suppressor gene. We further investigated the spatial organization of Tim‐3, Lag‐3, PD‐1, and PD‐L1 by immunohistochemistry and found higher levels in the tumor margin; however, MSS‐ImmExhi tumors exhibited a higher density of Tim‐3+ cells in the tumor center over MSS‐ImmExlow tumors. Immunofluorescence revealed a higher density of PD‐1+/CD8+ cells in the tumor center in this group. Our findings identify a subset of MSS CRC that exhibits evidence of higher prior immune activation (MSS‐ImmExhi) in which therapies targeting Tim‐3 in conjunction with anti‐PD‐1 or other immunotherapies may provide clinical benefit. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Deep learning based on hematoxylin–eosin staining outperforms immunohistochemistry in predicting molecular subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Flinner Nadine , Gretser Steffen , Quaas Alexander , Bankov Katrin , Stoll Alexandra K , Heckmann Lara E , Mayer Robin S , Doering Claudia , Demes Melanie C , Buettner Reinhard , Rueschoff Josef , Wild Peter J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn gastric cancer (GC), there are four molecular subclasses that indicate whether patients respond to chemotherapy or immunotherapy, according to the TCGA. In clinical practice, however, not every patient undergoes molecular testing. Many laboratories have used well‐implemented in situ techniques (IHC and EBER‐ISH) to determine the subclasses in their cohorts. Although multiple stains are used, we show that a staining approach is unable to correctly discriminate all subclasses. As an alternative, we trained an ensemble convolutional neuronal network using bagging that can predict the molecular subclass directly from hematoxylin–eosin histology. We also identified patients with predicted intra‐tumoral heterogeneity or with features from multiple subclasses, which challenges the postulated TCGA‐based decision tree for GC subtyping. In the future, deep learning may enable targeted testing for molecular subtypes and targeted therapy for a broader group of GC patients. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Chitosan‐capped silver nanoparticles: A comprehensive study of polymer molecular weight effect on the reaction kinetic, physicochemical properties, and synergetic antibacterial potential
Authors: Kulikouskaya Viktoryia , Hileuskaya Kseniya , Kraskouski Aliaksandr , Kozerozhets Irina , Stepanova Elena , Kuzminski Ivan , You Lijun , Agabekov Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe search for novel efficient antibacterial agents is attracting a great attention due to the unregulated use of common antibiotics and development of multidrug‐resistant bacteria strains. This paper proposes an eco‐friendly approach to obtain stable chitosan‐capped silver nanoparticles with controlled physicochemical and biological properties using reducing and stabilizing capacity of chitosan. The study of the influence of chitosan characteristics on the kinetic of Ag+ reduction showed that an increase in polysaccharide molecular weight led to a decrease in their reducing ability. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV and FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, DLS. The relationships between physicochemical characteristics of the formed silver nanoparticles and the type of used chitosan, as well as synthesis temperature, were determined. It has been demonstrated that spherically‐shaped (13–27 nm) and positively‐charged (zeta‐potential 26.1–29.5 mV) silver nanoparticles with a single symmetric SPR band at 408–418 nm are stable during 6 months in a colloidal form, and can be produced with the assistance of low‐molecular weight chitosan (20–30 kDa) at 95°C. The synthesized silver nanoparticles enhanced the antibacterial activity of kanamycin and ampicillin against both gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. These results revealed the prospects for the application of chitosan‐capped silver nanoparticles to create new effective antibacterial systems (gels, films, etc).
Modified Burgers‐Reimschuessel model for moisture‐sensitive polymers
Authors: Chen Yu , Ayranci Cagri , Tang Tian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractViscoelastic properties of moisture‐sensitive polymers can be significantly affected by moisture in the ambient environment, resulting in drastic changes in the properties as the absorbed moisture content increases. In this article, a simple yet important modification to the Reimschuessel model is introduced by considering both plasticization and anti‐plasticization induced by water molecules. The proposed model is validated against the results of four different polymers obtained by Onogi et al., which demonstrates its capability of describing the available data. This model can be used to estimate the performance and service life of products produced using moisture‐sensitive polymers. It also reveals that small amounts of diffused moisture might have a stiffening effect on the mechanical properties of hydrophilic polymers.
Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in obesity‐associated colon cancer: Possible role of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Sain Arindam , Khamrai Dipshikha , Kandasamy Thirukumaran , Naskar Debdut 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as one of the links between obesity and colon cancer (CC). Anti‐obesity and anti‐CC attributes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) reported sparsely. Here, we aimed to study the potential of PTP1B as a target in CC, particularly in obese population. Expression and genomic alteration frequency of PTPN1 (PTP1B) were checked in CC. Interacting partners of PTP1B through STRING and hub genes through Cytoscape (MCODE) were identified. Hub genes were subjected to functional enrichment analyses (via Metascape), differential gene expression, copy number variation, and single nucleotide variation analyses (GSCA database). Cancer‐related pathways and associated immune infiltrates of the hub genes were checked too. Eleven sweet potato‐derived compounds selected through drug likeness (DL) and toxicity filters were explored via molecular docking (AutoDock Vina) to reveal the interactions with PTP1B. Genomic alteration frequency of the PTPN1 was highest in CC compared to all the other TCGA cancers, and a high expression (RNA and protein) is also observed in CC that correlated well to a poor overall survival (OS). Furthermore, PTP1B and related proteins were enriched in different biological processes and signaling pathways related to carcinogenesis including epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Overall, PTP1B identified as a potential target in obesity‐linked CC and sweet potato might exert its protective action by targeting the PTP1B. Sweet potato compounds (e.g., pelargonidin and luteolin) interacted with the catalytic P loop and the WPD loop of the PTP1B. Furthermore, MD simulation study ascertained that luteolin has the highest affinity against the PTP1B, whereas pelargonidin and quercetin showed good binding affinity too, thus can be explored further.
Design, synthesis, and insecticidal and fungicidal activities of quaternary ammonium salt derivatives of a triazolyphenyl isoxazoline insecticide
Authors: Huang Shi‐sheng , Zhu Bin‐bing , Wang Kai‐hua , Yu Mo , Wang Zi‐wen , Li Yongqiang , Liu Yu‐xiu , Zhang Peng‐li , Li Shou‐jun , Li Ya‐ling , Liu Ai‐ling , Wang Qing‐min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect pests seriously decrease the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Resistance to commonly used insecticides is increasingly undermining their effectiveness, and therefore the development of agents with novel modes of action is desirable. Isoxazolines are a new class of insecticides that act on γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) gated chloride channels. In this work, we used the highly active 4‐triazolyphenyl isoxazoline DP‐9 as a parent structure to design and synthesize a series of quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) derivatives, and we systematically evaluated their insecticidal and antifungal activities.RESULTSMany of the synthesized QASs exhibit insecticidal activities equivalent to or higher than that of DP‐9. In particular, compounds I‐31 (93%, 0.00005 mg/L) and I‐34 (80%, 0.00001 mg/L) showed insecticidal activities against diamondback moth larvae that were 2–10 times higher than those of fluralaner (70%, 0.0001 mg/L) and DP‐9 (80%, 0.0001 mg/L), in addition to showing excellent activities against oriental armyworm, fall armyworm, cotton bollworm, corn borer, and mosquito larvae. Furthermore, all of the synthesized compounds also showed broad‐spectrum fungicidal activities.CONCLUSIONThe insecticidal activities of QAS derivatives of DP‐9 were the same as or better than the activity of DP‐9. Compounds I‐31 and I‐34 showed better insecticidal activities against diamondback moth larvae than fluralaner and DP‐9, and thus are promising new candidates for insecticide research.
Morphological and Transcriptional Evaluation of Multiple Facial Cutaneous Hyperpigmented Spots
Authors: Hakozaki T. , Jarrold B. , Zhao W. , Laughlin T. , Whittenbarger D. , Jewell-Motz E. A. , Boissy R. E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Morphological characteristics of major facial hyperpigmented spots have been well documented. However, detailed alterations of respective transcriptional profile for each spot and in-depth comparisons across multiple spot types have not been reported.

Objectives
To comprehensively assess and compare multiple facial hyperpigmented spot types at the morphological and molecular levels by utilising transcriptional expression profiling with correlation to quantified histological features.

Methods
Multiple types of facial spot biopsies were collected from Chinese women and compared to additional biopsies taken from adjacent healthy skin. The types of spots included Solar Lentigos with both elongated dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) (SL[E]) and flat DEJ (SL[F]), Seborrhoeic Keratosis (SK), Melasma, Freckles, Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of resolving acne (PIH[A]) and other stimuli (PIH[O]). Combined histomorphometry, immunohistology, and transcriptome analysis for suprabasal-epidermis, basal-epidermis, and dermal compartments dissected by Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) were conducted and compared across different spot types.

Results
Each spot type was confirmed to have the unique histological pathology already documented elsewhere. Most of the spot types except Melasma and PIH (A) revealed similar melanocyte density to adjacent skin. All spots exhibited increased melanin synthesis, melanosome transportation, as well as enhanced melanocyte dendricity, however, each spot revealed a distinct transcriptome regulation pattern in pigmentation pathways. Upregulation of pigmentation genes was also observed in the dermis of SL(F), SL(E), SK and PIH(O), associated with significant modulation of DEJ related genes in basal-epidermis and/or dermal compartments, suggesting potential melanocyte infiltration into the dermis due to impaired DEJ quality. Beyond upregulated pigmentation, for most spots, gene expression in the suprabasal-epidermis regulating keratinisation was significantly upregulated in conjunction with thickened stratum corneum. Furthermore, downregulation of tight junction related genes represented by claudin-1 was observed in majority of spot types, suggesting compromised barrier function could be a similarity across spots. Additionally, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) was upregulated in all types of spots, indicating involvement of cell senescence as a common theme.

Conclusion
This comprehensive and comparative study based on the histological and transcriptional analysis of three skin compartments provided unique insights into specific causations as well as differences and similarities across multiple hyperpigmented spot types.