bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICROSCOPE mission scenario, ground segment and data processing
Authors: Rodrigues Manuel , Touboul Pierre , Métris Gilles , Bedouet Judicael , Bergé Joel , Carle Patrice , Chhun Ratana , Christophe Bruno , Foulon Bernard , Guidotti Pierre-Yves , Lala Stephanie , Robert Alain 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Testing the weak equivalence principle to a precision of 10−15 requires a quantity of data that give enough confidence on the final result: ideally, the longer the measurement the better the rejection of the statistical noise. The science sessions had a duration of 120 orbits maximum and were regularly repeated and spaced out to accommodate operational constraints but also in order to repeat the experiment in different conditions and to allow time to calibrate the instrument. Several science sessions were performed over the 2.5 years duration of the experiment. This paper aims to describe how the data have been produced on the basis of a mission scenario and a data flow process, driven by a tradeoff between the science objectives and the operational constraints. The mission was led by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) which provided the satellite, the launch and the ground operations. The ground segment was distributed between CNES and Office National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA). CNES provided the raw data through the Centre d’Expertise de Compensation de Traînée (CECT: drag-free expertise centre). The science was led by the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (OCA) and ONERA was in charge of the data process. The latter also provided the instrument and the Science Mission Centre of MICROSCOPE (CMSM).
On self organization: model for ionization wave propagation with targets of varying electrical properties
Authors: Martinez Luis , Dhruv Akash , Balaras Elias , Keidar Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This work presents a model for an atmospheric helium plasma interacting with normal and cancer cells. This interaction is simulated through the expansion and impingement of a gaseous jet onto targets with varying electrical permittivity. Simulation results show that for a plasma jet impinging onto two targets with different permittivity placed axis-symmetrically relative to the stagnation point of impingement, the jet is biased toward the target with lower permittivity when the target acts as a floating potential. This trend is reversed when the back surface of the target is grounded. In the case of a floating target, higher target permittivity yields a higher positive surface potential as the material experiences higher polarization in response to the net flux of electrons from the plasma onto the surface. Because of this higher surface potential, targets with higher permittivity generate a smaller electric field in the discharge column relative to materials with lower permittivity. When the back surface of the target is ground, the trend is reversed, with polarization occurring primarily on the back surface due to the response to the reservoir of positive charges introduced by ground. In the ground case, the material experiences more negative charging the front surface which induces a lower electric potential. As a result, the material with higher permittivity and a grounded back surface attracts plasma organization at the interface because of the higher local electric field. These numerical findings support experimental results presented by other researchers, which demonstrate selectivity of plasma jets toward some cancer cells more than others. The mechanism introduced here may help inform targeted treatment of specific cells, including those reported to be more resistant to plasma jets.
Experiment and numerical simulation of the combined effect of winding, cool-down, and screening current induced stresses in REBCO coils
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Maeda Hideaki , Suetomi Yu , Yanagisawa Yoshinori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper overviews the combined effects of winding, cool-down, and screening current-induced stresses in REBCO coils. First, a simulation method to model the circumferential stress modification effect due to the screening-current is overviewed. The simulation includes coil winding, cooling down, and coil charge up to the operating current. Second, we will compare the numerical simulation results with the experimental results. The numerical simulations for a dry coil and an epoxy impregnated coil agree well with the experimental results. Third, the enhanced circumferential stress did not degrade the performance of a dry winding REBCO coil, but the improved increased compressive stress buckled the coil structure. Finally, it is demonstrated that epoxy impregnation has beneficial effects in reducing the stress modification effect. However, the circumferential stress is enormously enhanced at the coil ends, sometimes resulting in degradation of the coil performance.
Equilibrium stochastic delay processes
Authors: Holubec Viktor , Ryabov Artem , Loos Sarah A M , Kroy Klaus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Stochastic processes with temporal delay play an important role in science and engineering whenever finite speeds of signal transmission and processing occur. However, an exact mathematical analysis of their dynamics and thermodynamics is available for linear models only. We introduce a class of stochastic delay processes with nonlinear time-local forces and linear time-delayed forces that obey fluctuation theorems and converge to a Boltzmann equilibrium at long times. From the point of view of control theory, such ‘equilibrium stochastic delay processes’ are stable and energetically passive, by construction. Computationally, they provide diverse exact constraints on general nonlinear stochastic delay problems and can, in various situations, serve as a starting point for their perturbative analysis. Physically, they admit an interpretation in terms of an underdamped Brownian particle that is either subjected to a time-local force in a non-Markovian thermal bath or to a delayed feedback force in a Markovian thermal bath. We illustrate these properties numerically for a setup familiar from feedback cooling and point out experimental implications.
Skynet’s New Observing Mode: The Campaign Manager
Authors: Dutton Dylan A. , Reichart Daniel E. , Haislip Joshua B. , Kouprianov Vladimir V. , Shaban Omar H. , Vasquez Soto Alan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Built in 2004, the Skynet robotic telescope network originally consisted of six 0.4 m telescopes located at the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory in the Chilean Andes. The network was designed to carry out simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) when they are only tens of seconds old. To date, the network has been expanded to ≈20 telescopes, including a 20 m radio telescope, that span four continents and five countries. The Campaign Manager (CM) is a new observing mode that has been developed for Skynet. Available to all Skynet observers, the CM semi-autonomously and indefinitely scales and schedules exposures on the observer’s behalf while allowing for modification to scaling parameters in real time. The CM is useful for follow up to various transient phenomena including gravitational-wave events, GRB localizations, young supernovae, and eventually, sufficiently bright Argus Optical Array and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope events.
Prevention of electron cyclotron current drive triggering explosive bursts in reversed magnetic shear tokamak plasmas for disruption avoidance
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Wei Lai , Wang Jialei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An explosive burst excited by a neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) is one of the possible candidates for disruptive terminations in reversed magnetic shear (RMS) tokamak plasmas. For the purpose of disruption avoidance, numerical investigations have been implemented on the prevention of explosive bursts triggered by the ill-advised application of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) in RMS configuration. Under the situation of controlling NTMs by ECCD in RMS tokamak plasmas, a threshold in electron cyclotron driven current has been found. Below the threshold, not only are the NTM islands not effectively suppressed but a deleterious explosive burst could also be triggered, which might contribute to major disruption to tokamak plasmas. In order to prevent this ECCD from triggering explosive bursts, three control strategies have been attempted in this work and two of them have been recognized to be effective. One is to apply differential poloidal plasma rotation in the proximity of outer rational surface during the ECCD control process; the other is to apply two ECCDs to control NTM islands on both rational surfaces at the same time. In the former strategy, the threshold is diminished due to the modification of the classical tearing mode index. In the latter strategy, the prevention is accomplished as a consequence of the reduction of the coupling strength between the two rational surfaces via the stabilization of inner islands. Moreover, the physical mechanism behind the excitation of the explosive burst and the control processes by different control strategies have all been discussed in detail.
High intensity proton beam impact at 440 GeV/c on Mo and Cu coated CfC/graphite and SiC/SiC absorbers for beam intercepting devices
Authors: Maestre J. , Bahamonde C. , Lamas Garcia I. , Kershaw K. , Biancacci N. , Busom J. , Frankl M.I. , Lechner A. , Kurtulus A. , Makimura S. , Nakazato N. , Pérez A.T. , Perillo-Marcone A. , Salvant B. , Seidenbinder R. , Teofili L. , Calviani M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Beam Intercepting Devices (BIDs) are essential protection elements for the operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) complex. The LHC internal beam dump (LHC Target Dump Injection or LHC TDI) is the main protection BID of the LHC injection system; its main function is to protect LHC equipment in the event of a malfunction of the injection kicker magnets during beam transfer from the SPS to the LHC. Several issues with the TDI were encountered during LHC operation, most of them due to outgassing from its core components induced by electron cloud effects, which led to limitations of the injector intensity and hence had an impact on LHC availability. The absorbing cores of the TDIs, and of beam intercepting devices in general, need to deal with high thermo-mechanical loads induced by the high intensity particle beams. In addition, devices such as the TDI — where the absorbing materials are installed close to the beam, are important contributors to the accelerator impedance budget. To reduce impedance, the absorbing materials that make up the core must be typically coated with high electrical conductivity metals. Beam impact testing of the coated absorbers is a crucial element of development work to ensure their correct operation.

In the work covered by this paper, the behaviour of several metal-coated absorber materials was investigated when exposed to high intensity and high energy proton beams in the HiRadMat facility at CERN. Different coating configurations based on copper and molybdenum, and absorbing materials such as isostatic graphite, Carbon Fibre Composite (CfC) and Silicon Carbide reinforced with Silicon Carbide fibres (SiC-SiC), were tested in the facility to assess the TDI's performance and to extract information for other BIDs using these materials. In addition to beam impact tests and an extensive Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) campaign to assess the performance of the coatings and the structural integrity of the substrates, extensive numerical simulations were carried out.
Modeling the systematic behavior at the micro and nano length scales
Authors: Quagliotti Danilo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The assessment of the systematic behavior based on frequentist statistics was analyzed in the context of micro/nano metrology. The proposed method is in agreement with the well-known GUM recommendations. The investigation assessed three different case studies with definition of model equations and establishment of the traceability. The systematic behavior was modeled in Sq roughness parameters and step height measurements obtained from different types of optical microscopes, and in comparison with a calibrated contact instrument. The sequence of case studies demonstrated the applicability of the method to micrographs when their elements are averaged. Moreover, a number of influence factors, which are typical causes of inaccuracy at the micro and nano length scales, were analyzed in relation to the correction of the systematic behavior, viz. the amount of repeated measurements, the time sequence of the acquired micrographs and the instrument-operator chain. The possibility of applying the method individually to the elements of the micrographs was instead proven not convenient and too onerous for the industry. Eventually, the method was also examined against the framework of the metrological characteristics defined in ISO 25 178-600 with hints on possible future developments.
Improvement in the microhardness and corrosion behaviour of Ti-14Mn biomedical alloy by cold working
Authors: Gouda M K , Salman Salah A , Ebied Saad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

β-titanium alloys are essential in many applications, particularly biomedical applications. Ti-14Mn β-type alloy was produced using an electric arc furnace from raw alloying elements in an inert atmosphere. The alloy was homogenized at 1000 °C for 8 h to ensure the complete composition distribution, followed by solution treatment at 900 °C, then quenched in ice water. The alloy was subjected to cold deformation via cold rolling with different ratios: 10, 30, and 90%.
The phases change, microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Ti-14Mn alloys were evaluated before and after cold rolling. The results showed that the β-phase is the only existed phase even after a high degree of deformation.
The microstructure shows a combination of twinning and slipping deformation mechanisms in the deformed alloy. Microhardness values indicated a linear increase equal to 30% by increasing the ratio of cold deformation due to the strain hardening effect. The corrosion resistance of Ti-14Mn alloy was doubled after 90% cold rolling.
Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and fractography of AA7068/ Si3N4 nanocomposite fabricated thorough ultrasonic-assisted stir casting advanced with bottom pouring technique
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Rana Ravindra Singh , Purohit Rajesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ceramic particulate embedded aluminum metal matrix nanocomposites (AMNCs) possess superior mechanical and surface properties and lightweight features. AMNCs are a suitable replacement of traditional material, i.e., steel, to make automotive parts. The current work deals with developing Si3N4 strengthened high strength AA7068 nanocomposites via novel ultrasonic-assisted stir casting method advanced with bottom pouring setup in the proportion of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 wt.%. Planetary ball milling was performed on a mixture of AA7068 powder and Si3N4 (in the proportion of 3:1) before incorporation in aluminum alloy melt to avoid rejection of fine particles. Finite element scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Elemental mapping techniques were used in the microstructural investigation. Significant grain refinement was observed with increasing reinforcing content, whereas agglomeration was found at higher weight %. Hardness, Tensile strength, ductility, porosity content, compressive strength, and impact energy were also examined of pure alloy and each composite. Improvement of 72.71%, 50.07%, and 27.41 % was noticed in hardness value, tensile strength, and compressive strength, respectively, at 1.5 weight % compared to base alloy because of various strengthening mechanisms. These properties are decreased at 2 wt.% due to severe agglomeration. In contrast, nanocomposite’s ductility and impact strength continuously decrease compared to monolithic AA7068. Fracture analysis shows the ductile and mixed failure mode in alloy and nanocomposites.
One Pill, Once a Day: Simplified Treatment Regimens and Retention in HIV Care
Authors: Bor Jacob , Kluberg Sheryl A , LaValley Michael P , Evans Denise , Hirasen Kamban , Maskew Mhairi , Long Lawrence , Fox Matthew P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSimplified drug regimens may improve retention in care for persons with chronic diseases. In April 2013, South Africa adopted a once-daily single-pill human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment regimen as the standard of care, replacing a multiple-pill regimen. Because the regimens had similar biological efficacy, the shift to single-pill therapy offered a real-world test of the impact of simplified drug-delivery mechanisms on patient behavior. Using a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design, we assessed retention in care among patients starting HIV treatment just before and just after the guideline change. The study included 4,484 patients starting treatment at a large public sector clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. The share of patients prescribed a single-pill regimen increased by over 40 percentage points between March and April 2013. Initiating treatment after the policy change was associated with 11.7–percentage-points’ higher retention at 12 months (95% confidence interval: −2.2, 29.4). Findings were robust to different measures of retention, different bandwidths, and different statistical models. Patients starting treatment early in HIV infection—a key population in the test-and-treat era—experienced the greatest improvements in retention from single-pill regimens.
A Prospective Cohort Study of COVID-19 Vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Fertility
Authors: Wesselink Amelia K , Hatch Elizabeth E , Rothman Kenneth J , Wang Tanran R , Willis Mary D , Yland Jennifer , Crowe Holly M , Geller Ruth J , Willis Sydney K , Perkins Rebecca B , Regan Annette K , Levinson Jessica , Mikkelsen Ellen M , Wise Lauren A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Some reproductive-aged individuals remain unvaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of concerns about potential adverse effects on fertility. Using data from an internet-based preconception cohort study, we examined the associations of COVID-19 vaccination and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with fertility among couples trying to conceive spontaneously. We enrolled 2,126 self-identified female participants aged 21–45 year residing in the United States or Canada during December 2020–September 2021 and followed them through November 2021. Participants completed questionnaires every 8 weeks on sociodemographics, lifestyle, medical factors, and partner information. We fit proportional probabilities regression models to estimate associations between self-reported COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in both partners with fecundability (i.e., the per-cycle probability of conception), adjusting for potential confounders. COVID-19 vaccination was not appreciably associated with fecundability in either partner (female fecundability ratio (FR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95, 1.23; male FR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.10). Female SARS-CoV-2 infection was not strongly associated with fecundability (FR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.31). Male infection was associated with a transient reduction in fecundability (for infection within 60 days, FR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.45; for infection after 60 days, FR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.47). These findings indicate that male SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with a short-term decline in fertility and that COVID-19 vaccination does not impair fertility in either partner.
Transcriptome profiling reveals that foliar water uptake occurs with C3 and crassulacean acid metabolism facultative photosynthesis inTamarix ramosissimaunder extreme drought
Authors: Yan Xia , Chang Yan , Zhao Weijia , Qian Chaoju , Yin Xiaoyue , Fan Xingke , Zhu Xinyu , Zhao Xiangqiang , Ma Xiao-Fei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTamarix ramosissima is a typical desert plant species that is widely distributed in the desert areas of Northwest China. It plays a significant role in sand fixation and soil water conservation. In particular, how it uses water to survive in the desert plays an important role in plant growth and ecosystem function. Previous studies have revealed that T. ramosissima can alleviate drought by absorbing water from its leaves under extreme drought conditions. To date, there is no clear molecular regulation mechanism to explain foliar water uptake (FWU). In the present study, we correlated diurnal meteorological data, sap flow and photosynthetic parameters to determine the physical and biological characteristics of FWU. Our results suggested that the lesser the groundwater, the easier it is for T. ramosissima to absorb water via the leaves. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of the transcriptome profile of plants subjected to high humidity suggested that FWU was highly correlated to carbohydrate metabolism, energy transfer, pyruvate metabolism, hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interaction. Interestingly, as a C3 plant, genes such as PEPC, PPDK, MDH and RuBP, which are involved in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, were highly upregulated and accompanied by FWU. Therefore, we proposed that in the case of sufficient water supply, C3 photosynthesis is used in T. ramosissima, whereas in cases of extreme drought, starch is degraded to provide CO2 for CAM photosynthesis to make full use of the water obtained via FWU and the water that was transported or stored to assimilating branches and stems. This study may provide not only an important theoretical foundation for FWU and conversion from C3 plants to CAM plants but also for engineering improved photosynthesis in high-yield drought-tolerant plants and mitigation of climate change-driven drought.
Nose Tip Elongation and Elevation: A Novel Filler Injection Technique
Authors: Yu Arthur Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Filler injection for nose tip improvement remains a difficult treatment due to efficacy and safety issues.

Objectives
The authors sought to better the techniques and safety for nose tip improvement with a filler.

Methods
Patients seeking nose tip improvement were recruited regardless of their pretreatment conditions. A hyaluronic acid filler was injected through the skin behind the nose tip into the potential septal space. To achieve tip elevation, the filler was retro-injected from the anterior nasal spine, stopping at the mid-level of medial crura. To elongate the nose, the filler was deposited just in front of the caudal septal cartilage. The tip extended in the sagittal plane, causing the nose tip to move either caudally (tip elongation) or anteriorly (tip elevation), or both, as directed by the surgeon.

Results
Depending on the patients, the nose could be elongated by 2 to 6 mm, and the tip could be elevated by 2 to 8 mm. Additionally, stronger columellar support, finer tip structures, and improved nasolabial angle were observed. Interestingly, the upper lip appeared shorter. The nostril shapes and the alar widths were also improved. A total of 1288 cases are reported. Only 2 patients expressed dissatisfaction.

Conclusions
This technique is easy and safe to perform, and the results are natural and comparable with those from rhinoplasty surgeries. Further, this report of filler nose lengthening may be the first large series in the world. Finally, this technique works well in all populations.

Level of Evidence: 4