bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effects of Canagliflozin: Lessons from aged genetically diverse UM‐HET3 mice
Authors: Jayarathne Hashan S. M. , Debarba Lucas K. , Jaboro Jacob J. , Ginsburg Brett C. , Miller Richard A. , Sadagurski Marianna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aging brain is characterized by progressive increases in neuroinflammation and central insulin resistance, which contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment. Recently, the Interventions Testing Program demonstrated that the anti‐diabetes drug, Canagliflozin (Cana), a sodium‐glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, led to lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both sexes, but extended median lifespan by 14% in male mice only. Here, we show that Cana treatment significantly improved central insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus of 30‐month‐old male mice. Aged males produce more robust neuroimmune responses than aged females. Remarkably, Cana‐treated male and female mice showed significant reductions in age‐associated hypothalamic gliosis with a decrease in inflammatory cytokine production by microglia. However, in the hippocampus, Cana reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in males, but not in female mice. The decrease in microgliosis was partially correlated with reduced phosphorylation of S6 kinase in microglia of Cana‐treated aged male, but not female mice. Thus, Cana treatment improved insulin responsiveness in aged male mice. Furthermore, Cana treatment improved exploratory and locomotor activity of 30‐month‐old male but not female mice. Taken together, we demonstrate the sex‐specific neuroprotective effects of Cana treatment, suggesting its application for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of piano music of different tempos on heart rate and autonomic nervous system during the recovery period after high‐intensity exercise
Authors: Xue Biyun , Wang Jiameng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThe present study attempted to explore the effects of different tempos of piano music on heart rate and autonomous nervous system during the recovery period after high‐intensity exercise. In addition, the study analyzed the influence of different tempos on the recovery period of athletes to devise methods for accelerating fatigue recovery through piano music.MethodA total of 57 college students majoring in physical education were selected as experimental subjects and were divided into three groups, namely Lento group (n = 20), Moderato group (n = 20), and Allegretto group (n = 20; only 17 students completed the experiment).ResultsUnder the same high‐intensity exercise regimen, the three groups did not differ significantly in the body composition, high‐intensity exercise ability, and time‐domain variation indices, namely heart rate (HR), heart rate variability index parameters (p > .05). The time‐domain variation analysis in the recovery period revealed significant differences in HR frequency domain indices among the groups exposed to different rhythms (p < .05).ConclusionModerate‐tempo piano music was the most effective in facilitating HR and autonomic nervous system recovery during the recovery period.
Review article: obesity and colorectal cancer
Authors: Bardou Marc , Rouland Alexia , Martel Myriam , Loffroy Romaric , Barkun Alan N. , Chapelle Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundObesity is a growing global public health problem. More than half the European and North American population is overweight or obese. Colon and rectum cancers are still the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and epidemiological data support an association between obesity and colorectal cancers (CRCs).AimTo review the literature on CRC epidemiology in obese subjects, assessing the effects of obesity, including childhood or maternal obesity, on CRC, diagnosis, management, and prognosis, and discussing targeted prophylactic measures.MethodWe searched PubMed for obesity/overweight/metabolic syndrome and CRC. Other key words included ‘staging’, ‘screening’, ‘treatment’, ‘weight loss’, ‘bariatric surgery’ and ‘chemotherapy’.ResultsIn Europe, about 11% of CRCs are attributed to overweight and obesity. Epidemiological data suggest that obesity is associated with a 30%–70% increased risk of colon cancer in men, the association being less consistent in women. Visceral fat or abdominal obesity seems to be of greater concern than subcutaneous fat obesity, and any 1 kg/m2 increase in body mass index confers more risk (hazard ratio 1.03). Obesity might increase the likelihood of recurrence or mortality of the primary cancer and may affect initial management, including accurate staging. The risk maybe confounded by different factors, including lower adherence to organised CRC screening programmes. It is unclear whether bariatric surgery helps reduce rectal cancer risk.ConclusionsDespite a growing body of evidence linking obesity to CRC, many questions remain unanswered, including whether we should screen patients with obesity earlier or propose prophylactic bariatric surgery for certain patients with obesity.
Curcumin reduces oxidative stress and fat deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle of intrauterine growth‐retarded finishing pigs
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Yan Enfa , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian , Wang Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDietary curcumin possessing multiple biological activities may be an effective way to alleviate oxidative damage and fat deposition in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) finishing pigs. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary curcumin on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and fat deposition of longissimus dorsi muscle in IUGR finishing pigs. Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) and 24 IUGR female piglets at 26 days of age were divided into 3 dietary groups: NBW (basal diet), IUGR (basal diet), and IUGR + Cur (basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg curcumin). The trial lasted for 169 days. Results showed that IUGR increased concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC) and fat deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle. However, curcumin decreased the intramuscular fat content and the levels of MDA and PC and improved meat quality in IUGR pigs. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited the decrease of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression and decreased peroxisome pro liferator‐activated receptors γ (PPARγ) expression in IUGR pigs. These findings suggested that dietary addition of 200 mg/kg curcumin could improve meat quality, alleviate oxidative stress through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway, and reduce fat deposition via inhibiting PPARγ expression in longissimus dorsi muscle of IUGR finishing pigs.
Targeting the DNA repair enzymes MTH1 and OGG1 as a novel approach to treat inflammatory diseases
Authors: Karsten Stella 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutoimmune diseases and acute inflammation like sepsis cause significant morbidity and disability globally, and new targeted therapies are urgently needed. DNA repair and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways have long been investigated as targets for cancer treatment, but their role in immunological research has been limited. In this MiniReview, we discuss the DNA repair enzymes MTH1 and OGG1 as targets to treat both T cell‐driven diseases and acute inflammation. The MiniReview is based on a PhD thesis where both enzymes were investigated with cell and animal models. For MTH1, we found that its inhibition selectively kills activated T cells without being toxic to resting cells or other tissues. MTH1 inhibition also had an alleviating role in disease models of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. We further identified a novel MTH1lowROSlow phenotype among activated T cells. Regarding OGG1, we demonstrated a mechanism of action of the OGG1 inhibitor TH5487, which prevents the assembly of pro‐inflammatory transcription factors and mitigates acute airway infection in mouse models of pneumonia. Hence, we propose both enzymes to be promising novel targets to treat inflammation and suggest that redox and DNA repair pathways could be useful targets for future immunomodulating therapies.
Students in out‐of‐home care: Their experiences of Transforming Educational Achievement for Children at Risk, an Australian education programme
Authors: Townsend Indra M. , Berger Emily P. , Reupert Andrea E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChildren living in out‐of‐home care are at greater risk of poor educational outcomes compared to other children. To address their educational needs, several programs have been developed. Within a qualitative paradigm, this study explored the experiences of students about their involvement in TEACHaR (Transforming Educational Achievement for Children at Risk), a specialized education programme. Eight students (aged 13 to 18 years) from the programme participated in individual, semi‐structured interviews. Responses were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Participants indicated that the programme provided individualized and flexible academic support, reduced their shame and embarrassment and provided them with more than academic support. They highlighted the importance of the student–educator relationship, and the need for encouragement and motivation to pursue their educational goals. Finally, findings report on how COVID‐19 impacts on student experiences of the programme. Recommendations for the development and improvement of education programs for students in out‐of‐home care conclude this paper.
Elevated pulsatility index is associated with poor functional outcome in stroke patients treated with thrombectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Liu Ran , Yu Wantong , Wu Longfei , Wu Chuanjie , Li Chuanhui , Li Sijie , Chen Jian , Song Haiqing , Hua Yang , Ma Qingfeng , Ji Xunming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate pulsatility index (PI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsPatients were retrospectively recruited if their stroke were secondary to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and achieved full recanalization after EVT. Transcranial Doppler was performed within 24‐hour post‐EVT. The primary outcome was correlation between the MCA‐PI on the affected side and 3‐month functional outcome, with modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≥5 indicated extremely poor functional outcomes.ResultsTotally, 170 patients were included. High MCA‐PI was positively related to the 3‐month mRS score (r = 0.288, p < 0.001). The highest quartile of the MCA‐PI was associated with a high incidence of extremely poor functional outcomes (adjusted OR, 13.33; 95% CI, 2.65–67.17; adjusted p = 0.002) after adjusting for confounding factors. The predictive capacity of the MCA‐PI for extremely poor functional outcomes was good (area under the curve, 0.755; 95% CI, 0.655–0.854; p < 0.001), and its cutoff value for predicting extremely poor outcomes was 1.04, with a sensitivity of 65.6% and specificity of 78.3%.ConclusionThe MCA‐PI on the affected side is a prognostic biomarker in patients who have undergone stroke thrombectomy. An elevated MCA‐PI may be prognostically valuable for predicting extremely poor functional outcomes.
Consolation and medicine in Luther's “Whether One May Flee from a Deadly Plague”
Authors: Schiefelbein‐Guerrero Kyle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes Luther’s 1529 letter “Whether One May Flee from a Deadly Plague” through the lenses of Reformation consolation literature and the prevailing medical theories at the time to highlight Luther’s concerns about sickness, holding together theological and practical medical advice. Luther’s letter addresses key theological concerns about God and neighbor that are central to today’s engagement with the world, including his Christology, his relational view of the person, the vocation of care, and the two‐kingdoms way of describing how God operates.
Daydreaming and psychopathology in adolescence: An exploratory study
Authors: Conte Giulia , Arigliani Elena , Martinelli Martina , Di Noia Sofia , Chiarotti Flavia , Cardona Francesco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAim: Daydreaming is a cognitive phenomenon characterized by the redirection of attention from the external world to inner representations. Although serving several adaptive functions, excessive daydreaming has been related to emotional problems and poor psychosocial adjustment. During adolescence, this phenomenon has been scarcely explored as potential psychopathological correlate.This study aims to explore daydreaming frequency and association with psychopathological symptoms in a non‐referred population.Methods: Participants were adolescents from a community sample (N = 251). Daydreaming was assessed through the Daydreaming Frequency Scale (DDFS). Youth Self‐Report (YSR) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used as self‐reports to evaluate psychopathological problems and adaptive functioning.Results: Excessive daydreaming was present in 12.7% of participants. DDFS scores were significantly elevated in respondents with clinical scores for internalizing, depressive, obsessive–compulsive, and post‐traumatic stress problems. Symptom severity correlated positively with the DDFS. Higher daydreaming was also associated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems and total difficulties on the SDQ.Conclusions: Adolescents who daydream show increased depressive, obsessive–compulsive, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms. Possible cognitive processes at play in the relationship between daydreaming and psychopathology are discussed. Daydreaming may represent a silent psychopathological index that deserves better recognition in the clinical practice and in mental health initiatives for adolescents.
The dark side of meaningful work‐from‐home: A nonlinear approach
Authors: Magrizos Solon , Roumpi Dorothea , Georgiadou Andri , Kostopoulos Ioannis , Vrontis Demetris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChanges in the technological environment of work already in motion over the last few years, but accelerated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, place individuals' search for meaningfulness in their work under a new light. In this context, we draw on enrichment theory and the ego‐depletion perspective and challenge the prevailing notion that meaningfulness is always positive and hypothesize that, under certain conditions, there can be such a thing as “too much meaningfulness.” A two‐wave study of 243 full‐time employees working from home during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States offers support for a nonlinear effect of meaningfulness of work for workaholics, such that it has a positive effect on individuals up to a certain point, but a negative effect if there are excessive amounts of meaningfulness. We discuss these findings in light of the debate around the moral duty of managers and firms to offer meaningful jobs to employees and offer practical suggestions for firms.
Validation of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for patients with acute vertigo and dizziness
Authors: Filippopulos Filipp M. , Strobl Ralf , Belanovic Bozidar , Dunker Konstanze , Grill Eva , Brandt Thomas , Zwergal Andreas , Huppert Doreen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeVertigo and dizziness are common complaints in emergency departments and primary care, and pose major diagnostic challenges due to their various underlying etiologies. Most supportive diagnostic algorithms concentrate on either identifying cerebrovascular events (CVEs) or diagnosing specific vestibular disorders or are restricted to specific patient subgroups. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a comprehenisve algorithm for identifying patients with CVE and classifying the most common vestibular disorders.MethodsThe study was conducted within the scope of the “PoiSe” project (Prevention, Online feedback, and Interdisciplinary Therapy of Acute Vestibular Syndromes by e‐health). A three‐level algorithm was developed according to international guidelines and scientific evidence, addressing both the detection of CVEs and the classification of non‐vascular vestibular disorders (unilateral vestibulopathy, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular paroxysmia, Menière's disease, vestibular migraine, functional dizziness). The algorithm was validated in a prospectively collected dataset of 407 patients with acute vertigo and dizziness presenting to the Emergency Department at the Ludwig‐Maximilian University of Munich.ResultsThe algorithm assigned 287 of 407 patients to the correct diagnosis, corresponding to an overall accuracy of 71%. CVEs were identified with high sensitivity of 94%. The six most common vestibular disorders were classified with high specificity, above 95%. Random forest identified presence of a paresis, sensory loss, central ocular motor and vestibular signs (HINTS [head impulse test, nystagmus assessment, and test of skew deviation]), and older age as the most important variables indicating a cerebrovascular event.ConclusionsThe proposed diagnostic algorithm can correctly classify the most common vestibular disorders based on a comprehensive set of key questions and clinical examinations. It is easily applied, not limited to subgroups, and might therefore be transferred to broad clinical settings such as primary healthcare.
Detection of changes in synaptic density in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients using 18F‐SynVesT‐1 positron emission tomography
Authors: Tang Yongxiang , Liu Pan , Li Wanzhen , Liu Zhen , Zhou Ming , Li Jian , Yuan Yanchun , Fang Liangjuan , Wang Mengli , Shen Lu , Huang Yiyun , Tang Beisha , Wang Junling , Hu Shuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSynaptic loss is well established as the major correlate of characteristic and consistent pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to assess the possible discriminant diagnostic value of 18F‐SynVesT‐1 positron emission tomography (PET) as a marker of ALS pathology and investigate whether specific synaptic density signatures are present in ALS with different subtypes.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with ALS and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All participants underwent 18F‐SynVesT‐1‐PET. Synaptic density between ALS and HCs and between different ALS subgroups were compared. Correlation between synaptic density and clinical features in ALS was also analyzed.ResultsLow uptake distribution was found in the group comprising 21 ALS patients as compared with HCs in the right temporal lobe and the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, and hippocampus–insula region. We also found low uptake in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus–insula, anterior cingulate, and left inferior frontal gyrus in ALS patients with cognitive impairment compared to HCs. Furthermore, compared to spinal onset ALS, bulbar onset ALS showed low uptake in the bilateral cingulate gyrus and high uptake in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and left occipital lobe. No significant result was found in correlation analysis.ConclusionsThis approach may provide a direct measure of synaptic density, and it therefore might represent a potentially useful biomarker for ALS diagnosis, as well as for estimating the cognitive decline and site of onset in ALS. 18F‐SynVesT‐1‐PET is presently not justified as a routine investigation to detect evidence of brain dysfunction leading to progression in ALS.
The ILAE consensus classification of focal cortical dysplasia: An update proposed by an ad hoc task force of the ILAE diagnostic methods commission
Authors: Najm Imad , Lal Dennis , Alonso Vanegas Mario , Cendes Fernando , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Palmini Andre , Paglioli Eliseu , Sarnat Harvey B. , Walsh Christopher A. , Wiebe Samuel , Aronica Eleonora , Baulac Stéphanie , Coras Roland , Kobow Katja , Cross J. Helen , Garbelli Rita , Holthausen Hans , Rössler Karl , Thom Maria , El‐Osta Assam , Lee Jeong Ho , Miyata Hajime , Guerrini Renzo , Piao Yue‐Shan , Zhou Dong , Blümcke Ingmar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOngoing challenges in diagnosing focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) mandate continuous research and consensus agreement to improve disease definition and classification. An International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force (TF) reviewed the FCD classification of 2011 to identify existing gaps and provide a timely update. The following methodology was applied to achieve this goal: a survey of published literature indexed with ((Focal Cortical Dysplasia) AND (epilepsy)) between 01/01/2012 and 06/30/2021 (n = 1349) in PubMed identified the knowledge gained since 2012 and new developments in the field. An online survey consulted the ILAE community about the current use of the FCD classification scheme with 367 people answering. The TF performed an iterative clinico‐pathological and genetic agreement study to objectively measure the diagnostic gap in blood/brain samples from 22 patients suspicious for FCD and submitted to epilepsy surgery. The literature confirmed new molecular‐genetic characterizations involving the mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in FCD type II (FCDII), and SLC35A2 in mild malformations of cortical development (mMCDs) with oligodendroglial hyperplasia (MOGHE). The electro‐clinical‐imaging phenotypes and surgical outcomes were better defined and validated for FCDII. Little new information was acquired on clinical, histopathological, or genetic characteristics of FCD type I (FCDI) and FCD type III (FCDIII). The survey identified mMCDs, FCDI, and genetic characterization as fields for improvement in an updated classification. Our iterative clinico‐pathological and genetic agreement study confirmed the importance of immunohistochemical staining, neuroimaging, and genetic tests to improve the diagnostic yield. The TF proposes to include mMCDs, MOGHE, and “no definite FCD on histopathology” as new categories in the updated FCD classification. The histopathological classification can be further augmented by advanced neuroimaging and genetic studies to comprehensively diagnose FCD subtypes; these different levels should then be integrated into a multi‐layered diagnostic scheme. This update may help to foster multidisciplinary efforts toward a better understanding of FCD and the development of novel targeted treatment options.