bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A connectivity modeling and evaluating methodological framework in biodiversity hotspots based on naturalness and linking wilderness
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhang Yun , Lin Wenyue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWilderness is important for the maintenance of biodiversity, but human activities are increasingly fragmenting it. This situation has serious impacts on various ecological processes, especially in biodiversity hotspots. In previous studies, connectivity modeling is mostly focused on key species, but this approach is difficult to use in biodiversity hotspots. Therefore, it is more practical to focus on naturalness or wilderness. In this study, the Boolean tool and morphological analysis were used to extract landscape type core as wilderness core and Bridge as structural corridors. Then, connectivity analysis was used to extract the wilderness landscape source (WLS). Linkage mapper and Pinch‐point mapper were used to identify the potential corridors and analyze the Pinch‐Points in the corridor, and network connectivity indexes were used to evaluate the corridor network structure. Finally, wilderness core, WLS, structural corridor, and potential corridor are superimposed to get a wilderness network map. A method framework for comprehensive identification and evaluation of the wilderness network in biodiversity hotspots was proposed. Taking Nujiang Prefecture as an example, a wilderness network was constructed and evaluated based on naturalness and wilderness. The results show that human activity has a clear impact on connectivity and that wilderness networks have the potential to be an efficient alternative to habitat networks. In addition, the method framework has potential applicability to other biodiversity hotspots’ regions to reduce the impact of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrointestinal anastomosis: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Bronswijk Michiel , Pérez‐Cuadrado‐Robles Enrique , Van der Merwe Schalk 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesBoth clinical experience and supporting data have improved drastically in the context of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrointestinal anastomosis (EUS‐GIA). Where outcomes used to be questioned, focus has now moved towards performing comparative studies, optimizing technical approaches, improving patient selection, and developing well‐defined treatment algorithms.MethodsThe purpose of this review is to provide an overview of technical developments within EUS‐GIA and to discuss the current status of EUS‐GIA and future directions.ResultsEUS‐GIA techniques such as EUS‐guided gastroenterostomy (EUS‐GE), EUS‐directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (EDGE) and EUS‐guided treatment afferent loop syndrome have undergone further development, refining technical approaches, improving patient selection and subsequent outcomes. Retrospective evaluations of EUS‐GE have shown similar safety when compared to enteral stenting, whilst attaining surgical range efficacy. Whereas, in patients with gastric bypass anatomy, EDGE seems less cumbersome and time consuming than enteroscopy‐assisted ERCP, while preventing surgical morbidity associated with laparoscopy‐assisted ERCP. Although less evidence is available on EUS‐guided treatment of afferent loop syndrome, this technique has been associated with higher clinical success and fewer reinterventions and adverse events when compared to enteral stenting and percutaneous drainage, respectively. Several randomized studies are currently underway evaluating EUS‐GE in malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), whereas more prospective data are still required on EDGE and long‐term fistula management.ConclusionEUS‐GIA has become a crucial alternative to established techniques, overcoming technical limitations and subsequently improving patient outcomes. Although we should focus on prospective confirmation of these results in the context of GOO and EDGE, the current evidence already allows for a prominent role for EUS‐GIA in our everyday practice.
The electrophysiological properties of hindlimb motoneurons do not differ between male and female rats
Authors: Drzymała‐Celichowska Hanna , Celichowski Jan , Bączyk Marcin , Krutki Piotr 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have reported differences in the morphological characteristics of motoneurons and the contractile properties of motor units of male and female rats. However, differences in spinal motoneuron activity between the sexes are not well understood. This study investigates the electrophysiological properties of spinal α‐motoneurons in male and female Wistar rats under pentobarbital anaesthesia. Fast and slow types of tibial motoneurons were recorded intracellularly in 15 male and 15 female rats, and the measured parameters were compared statistically using two‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. The membrane properties, action potential parameters and firing characteristics were not different between sexes, though significant differences were observed in the properties of fast and slow motoneuron types within both sex groups. We conclude that the sex‐related differences observed in motor performance between male and female rats are largely due to differences in muscle mass, the proportion of muscle fibre types and the related motor unit contractile properties, while the mechanisms of motor control dependent on the electrophysiological activity of motoneurons are similar between the sexes. These findings are significant, as they indicate that results of experiments investigating electrophysiological properties can be reliably compared between sexes.
On noticing transparent states: A compatibilist approach to transparency
Authors: Dewalque Arnaud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to the transparency thesis, some conscious states are transparent or “diaphanous”. This thesis is often believed to be incompatible with an inner‐awareness account of phenomenal consciousness. In this article, I reject this incompatibility. Instead, I defend a compatibilist approach to transparency. To date, most attempts to do so require a rejection ofstrong transparencyin favor ofweak transparency. In this view, transparent states can be attended to by attending (in the right way) to the presented world: that is, they are merelytranslucent. Here, I first argue that this understanding of transparency is too weak to qualify as a compatibilist view. Drawing on insights from Franz Brentano, I then describe a middle road between strong and weak transparency. The crucial idea is that, although transparent states cannot be attended to, they can benoticed(under suitable conditions). This view, I submit, allows supporters of inner awareness to commit themselves to a more interesting understanding of transparency—moderate transparency—that preserves the initial intuition underlying the transparency metaphor.
Brain structure and neurocognitive function in two professional mountaineers during 35 days of severe normobaric hypoxia
Authors: Sönksen Sven‐Erik , Kühn Sven , Basner Mathias , Gerlach Darius , Hoffmann Fabian , Mühl Christian , Tank Jens , Noblé Hans‐Jürgen , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf , Jordan Jens , Limper Ulrich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeAnimal studies suggest that exposure to severe ambient hypoxia for several days may have beneficial long‐term effects on neurodegenerative diseases. Because, the acute risks of exposing human beings to prolonged severe hypoxia on brain structure and function are uncertain, we conducted a pilot study in healthy persons.MethodsWe included two professional mountaineers (participants A and B) in a 35‐day study comprising an acclimatization period and 14 consecutive days with oxygen concentrations between 8% and 8.8%. They underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging at seven time points and a cognitive test battery covering a spectrum of cognitive domains at 27 time points. We analysed blood neuron specific enolase and neurofilament light chain levels before, during, and after hypoxia.ResultsIn hypoxia, white matter volumes increased (maximum: A, 4.3% ± 0.9%; B, 4.5% ± 1.9%) whilst gray matter volumes (A, −1.5% ± 0.8%; B, −2.5% ± 0.9%) and cerebrospinal fluid volumes (A, −2.7% ± 2.4%; B, −5.9% ± 8.2%) decreased. Furthermore, the number (A, 11–17; B, 26–126) and volumes (A, 140%; B, 285%) of white matter hyperintensities increased in hypoxia but had returned to baseline after a 3.5‐month recovery phase. Diffusion weighted imaging of the white matter indicated cytotoxic edema formation. We did not observe changes in cognitive performance or biochemical brain injury markers.DiscussionIn highly selected healthy individuals, severe sustained normobaric hypoxia over 2 weeks elicited reversible changes in brain morphology without clinically relevant changes in cognitive function or brain injury markers. The finding may pave the way for future translational studies assessing the therapeutic potential of hypoxia in neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of blood lipids and lipid‐modifying drugs on intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Baorui , Dong Siyuan , Miao Yan , Song Guangrong , Yuan Fei , Liu Lang , Xia Saide , Qin Yongkai , Huo Xiaochuan , Wu Zhongxue , Miao Zhongrong , Mo Dapeng , Liu Aihua ,   International Stroke Genetics Consortium (ISGC) Intracranial Aneurysm Working Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeWe used two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the effects of blood lipids and lipid‐modifying drugs on intracranial aneurysm (IA).MethodsGenetic variants for the effects of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), apolipoprotein A1, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides and targets for lipid‐modifying drugs were selected from the genome‐wide discovery analyses of the UK Biobank. Summary‐level data on IAs were obtained from the International Stroke Genetics Consortium. Univariate and multivariate MR analyses were performed.ResultsUnivariate MR analyses showed that the HDL‐C was negatively correlated with IA (odds ratio [OR] = 0.816, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.715–0.932, p = 0.003) and ruptured IA (rIA; OR = 0.775, 95% CI = 0.663–0.906, p = 0.001). The multivariate MR–inverse variance weighted analysis showed that the HDL‐C was negatively correlated with IA (OR = 0.655, 95% CI = 0.434–0.988, p = 0.043) and rIA (OR = 0.563, 95% CI = 0.347–0.913, p = 0.02), and the LDL‐C was negatively correlated with IA (OR = 0.402, 95% CI = 0.191–0.848, p = 0.017) and rIA (OR = 0.376, 95% CI = 0.160–0.883, p = 0.025). Using genetic proxies of known lipid‐modifying drugs, we found that the increased HDL‐C with cholesterol ester transfer protein proxies was associated with a decreased risk of rIA (OR = 0.852, 95% CI = 0.747–0.973, p = 0.018), and the decreased LDL‐C with 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase proxies was associated with increased risk of IA (OR = 1.772, 95% CI = 1.080–2.908, p = 0.024) and rIA (OR = 1.856, 95% CI = 1.022–3.371, p = 0.042).ConclusionsGenetically determined HDL‐C and LDL‐C reduce the risk of IA and rIA. The effects of different lipid‐modifying drugs on IA need to be further investigated.
Ultrasonographic identification of mesenteric lipomatosis in a Shetland mare with recurrent colic episodes
Authors: Lesca Héloïse , Fairburn Alison , Fitzharris Laura Emily , Mair Tim S. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAn obese 17‐year‐old Shetland pony mare with a history of recurrent colic episodes was presented for investigation of colic signs of a few hours' duration associated with marked tachycardia. Transabdominal ultrasonography identified a large amount of multilobulated tissue that was hypoechoic to the adjacent retroperitoneal fat within the caudal and ventral abdomen; this could be seen extending dorsally into the mid‐abdomen between intestinal structures. At exploratory laparotomy, a lipoma at the mesenteric attachment of the mid‐jejunum (considered likely to have caused intermittent extraluminal compression) as well as excessively thick layers of fat in the mesentery of both small and large intestine (compatible with lipomatosis) were identified. The lipoma was removed. Post‐operative recovery was uneventful. A strict diet was enforced, resulting in marked weight loss over the 12‐week post‐surgery period. Follow‐up abdominal ultrasound examination identified a reduction in the thickness of the retroperitoneal fat layer and the abnormal multilobulated tissue. This is the first case report detailing the ultrasonographic findings in a case of extensive mesenteric lipomatosis in a pony and describing the ultrasonographic improvement following a weight loss programme.
Translating Discovery Science. Fostering relationships: Service provider perspectives on community building among veteran families
Authors: Monk J. Kale , Ruhlmann Lauren , Nelson Goff Briana S. , Ogan Matthew , Miller Mary Beth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to identify the social process through which communal support can be established among veteran couples and families.BackgroundOn the basis of the social organization theory of action and change, a sense of community is crucial for military veterans' well‐being and may serve as a resource for intervention.MethodWe interviewed service providers (n = 8) and corroborated their perspectives by triangulating evaluations from veteran family participants (n = 143). Data were analyzed using grounded theory techniques.ResultsProviders suggested promoting a sense of community in prevention and intervention programming by (a) establishing a safe and empowering space, (b) bridging existing gaps within family and community systems, and (c) encouraging interpersonal healing by promoting connection and facilitating the sharing of common experiences. Providers also described challenges to facilitating the program, including logistics, time, and funding constraints.ConclusionAccording to our results, fostering community among veterans and their family members may be achieved by applying an integrative approach that goes beyond siloed individual, couple, and group therapy orchestrated by practitioners.ImplicationsWe recommend multicomponent interventions that create synergy between different levels and forms of social support. Providers recommended being intentional about the program structure to focus on community strengths and shared connection.
Food quality mediates responses ofDaphnia magnalife history traits and heat tolerance to elevated temperature
Authors: Sarrazin Jana , Sperfeld Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurface waters are warming due to climate change, potentially pushing aquatic organisms closer to their thermal tolerance limits. However, cyanobacterial blooms are expected to occur more often with rising temperature, increasing the likelihood of poor‐quality food available for herbivorous zooplankton. Zooplankton can adapt locally by genetic differentiation or via adaptive phenotypic plasticity to increasing temperatures, but there is limited knowledge on how these processes may be affected by food quality limitation imposed by cyanobacteria.To test the effects of cyanobacteria‐mediated food quality on local temperature adaptation, we measured juvenile somatic growth and reproduction of fiveDaphnia magnaclones from different latitudinal origin grown on three food qualities at 20, 24, and 28°C. Additionally we estimated short‐term heat tolerance, measured as knockout time (time to immobility) at lethally high temperature, of two clones acclimated to the three temperatures and two food quality levels to test for the effects of food quality on adaptive plastic responses.As expected, clones from lower latitudes showed on average better somatic growth and reproduction than clones from higher latitudes at higher temperatures. However, the difference in somatic growth diminished with increasing cyanobacteria abundance in the diet, suggesting constraints on local genetic adaptation under predicted decreases in food quality. As expected, short‐term heat tolerance of the clones generally increased with increasing acclimation temperature. However, heat tolerance of animals acclimated to the highest temperature was larger when grown at medium than at good food quality, whereas the opposite response was observed for animals acclimated to the lowest temperature. This suggests a better adaptive phenotypic response of animals to elevated temperatures under higher cyanobacteria abundance, and thus shows an opposite pattern to the results for somatic growth.Overall, we demonstrate that food quality limitation can mediate responses ofD. magnalife history traits and heat tolerance to increasing temperatures, and that the effects differ depending on the time scale studied, that is, mid‐term (somatic growth) versus short‐term (tolerance to acute heat stress). These aspects will need further attention to accurately predict of how organisms will cope with future global warming by local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
On an ethic of not going there
Authors: Guasco Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFieldwork – “going there” – is the presumed norm and baseline of geographical research. In this commentary, I propose a framework for challenging the normative framing of fieldwork in geography and other fields (including those beyond academia): an ethic of not going there. I argue that fieldwork, rather than a neutral rite of passage, is deeply entwined with some of the most entrenched issues in contemporary geography and research more broadly. Building on a range of prior critiques and using the lens of “access”, I propose some ways for critiquing the presumptions inherent in geographical imaginaries of “fieldwork”. This ethical framework argues that doing geographical fieldwork should have to be justified to the same extent as not doing fieldwork is expected to be justified. I envision an ethic of not (always) going there as an alternative way of thinking about research (and researchers) within and beyond geography.
Melanoma survivors are at increased risk for second primary keratinocyte carcinoma
Authors: Sun Huiyan , Li Yayun , Zeng Furong , Meng Yu , Du Songtao , Deng Guangtong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent large cohorts have reported that melanoma survivors are at risk of developing second keratinocyte carcinoma (KC). However, the detailed proportion and risk are still unknown. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the risk of developing keratinocyte carcinoma after primary melanoma.MethodsWe conducted systematic literature research in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library published prior to September 13, 2021. Proportion and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled for assessing the risk.ResultsA total of 15 studies encompassing 168,286 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled proportions of melanoma survivors that developed a subsequent basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and KC were 4.11% (95% CI, 1.32–6.90), 2.54% (95% CI, 1.78–3.31), and 5.45% (95% CI, 3.06–7.84), respectively. The risks of developing a second BCC, SCC, and KC in melanoma survivors were 5.3‐fold (SIR 5.30; 95% CI, 4.87–5.77), 2.6‐fold (SIR 2.58; 95% CI, 1.33–5.04), and 6.2‐fold (SIR 6.17; 95% CI, 3.66–10.39) increased in comparison with the general population. Both fixed effects and random effects models were applied in conducting meta‐analysis and reached a consistent conclusion.ConclusionsOur results indicated melanoma survivors are at elevated risk of experiencing second primary BCC and SCC, which suggested the significance of surveillance for second primary KC and efforts for prevention in patients with a history of melanoma.
‘It's working together with what you've got’: Healthcare professionals' experiences of working with people with combined intellectual disability and personality disorder diagnoses
Authors: Zarotti Nicolò , Hudson Clive , Human Hannah‐Rose , Muratori Greco , Fisher Paul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability often receive diagnoses which may complicate their clinical care. Among these, personality disorder diagnoses are still considered contentious. Little is also known on the perspectives of staff caring for people with intellectual disability who have received a personality disorder diagnosis.MethodsThree focus groups were carried out to explore 15 healthcare professionals' subjective experiences of working with people with intellectual disability who also have a recorded additional diagnosis of personality disorder. Data were analysed through thematic analysis.FindingsFour overarching themes were identified: (a) diagnostic issues and the need for person‐centred approaches; (b) challenges and adjustments to working with combined intellectual disability and PD diagnoses; (c) the importance of multidisciplinary team training, support, and cohesion; (d) provision issues and barriers to service access.ConclusionsThe themes are outlined in depth and a number of implications for clinical management and service improvement are discussed.
Effect of blended learning on student performance in K‐12 settings: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Shuqin , Wang Weihua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlended learning programs in Kindergarten through Grade 12 (K‐12) classrooms are growing in popularity; however, previous studies assessing their effects have yielded inconsistent results. Further, their effects have not been completely quantitatively synthesized and evaluated.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to synthesize the overall effects of blended learning on K‐12 student performance, distinguish the most effective domains of learning outcomes, and examine the moderators of the overall effects.MethodsFor the purpose, this study conducted a meta‐analysis of 84 studies published between 2000 and 2020, and involved 30,377 K‐12 students.Results and ConclusionsResults revealed that blended learning can significantly improve K‐12 students' overall performance [g = 0.65, p < 0.001, 95% CI = (0.54–0.77)], particularly in the cognitive domain [g = 0.74, p < 0.001, 95% CI = (0.61–0.88)). The testing of moderators indicates that the factors moderating the impact of blended learning on student performance in these studies included group activities, educational level, subject, knowledge type, instructor, sample size, intervention duration and region.ImplicationsThe results indicate that blended learning is an effective way to improve K‐12 students' performance compared to traditional face‐to‐face (F2F) learning. Additionally, these findings highlight valuable recommendations for future research and practices related to effective blended learning approaches in K‐12 settings.