bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The colonate in the Later Roman Empire
Authors: Sirks Boudewijn 
Published: June 2022

Summary
In the fourth and fifth century there are people in the Roman empire who are bound to a particular estate in the sense that the estate owner can recall them and impose services. Their status, called the colonate, is low. Often it is assumed to have been widespread or even a general feature of a general change in agricultural exploitation. Various theories about its cause have been formulated: chronic indebtedness of farmers, fiscal reorganisations, emergence of large estates. However, already in the middle of the third century in Egypt a similar but private law contract existed, the paramonè. The insertion into the census of an estate under Diocletian gave it a public law aspect, making the estate owner now the contract partner. It implied a change in status for the colonus. It was consequently never a general phenomenon.
Risk of diabetes and the impact on preexisting diabetes in patients with lymphoma treated with steroid-containing immunochemotherapy
Authors: Baech Joachim , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Øvlisen Andreas K. , Frederiksen Henrik , Vestergaard Peter , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Jørgensen Judit , Clausen Michael Roost , Poulsen Christian B. , Brown Peter , Gang Anne Ortved , Pedersen Robert Schou , Ekström Smedby Karin , Eloranta Sandra , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , El-Galaly Tarec Christoffer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
First-line treatments for lymphomas often include high doses of prednisolone, but the risks of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) or worsening of preexisting DM following treatment with cyclic high dose corticosteroids is unknown. This cohort study matched non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with steroid-containing immunochemotherapy (ie, R-CHOP[-like] and R-CVP) between 2002 and 2015 to individuals from the Danish population to investigate the risks of new-onset DM. For patients with preexisting DM, the risks of insulin dependency and anthracycline-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were assessed. In total, 5672 NHL patients and 28 360 matched comparators were included. Time-varying incidence rate ratios (IRRs) showed increased risk of DM in the first year after treatment compared with matched comparators, with the highest IRR being 2.7. The absolute risks were higher among patients in the first 2 years, but the difference was clinically insignificant. NHL patients with preexisting DM had increased risks of insulin prescriptions with 0.5-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative risk differences of insulin treatment of 15.3, 11.8, and 6.0 percentage units as compared with the DM comparators. In a landmark analysis at 1 year, DM patients with lymphoma had decreased risks of insulin dependency compared with comparators. Time-varying IRRs showed a higher CVD risk for NHL patients with DM as compared with comparators in the first year after treatment. NHL patients treated with steroid-containing immunochemotherapy regimens have a clinically insignificant increased risk of DM in the first year following treatment, and patients with preexisting DM have a temporary increased risk of insulin prescriptions and CVD.
Developing and validating a mortality prediction model for ICH in ITP: a nationwide representative multicenter study
Authors: Chong Shan , Zhao Peng , Huang Rui-Bin , Zhou Hu , Zhang Jia-Ning , Hou Ming , Liu Yi , Yao Hong-Xia , Niu Ting , Peng Jun , Jiang Ming , Han Yan-Qiu , Hu Jian-Da , Zhou Ze-Ping , Qiu Lin , Zhang Lian-Sheng , Wang Xin , Wang Hua-Quan , Feng Ru , Yang Lin-Hua , Ma Liang-Ming , Wang Shun-Qing , Kong Pei-Yan , Wang Wen-Sheng , Sun Hui-Ping , Sun Jing , Zhou He-Bing , Zhu Tie-Nan , Wang Li-Ru , Zhang Jing-Yu , Huang Qiu-Sha , Fu Hai-Xia , Wu Ye-Jun , Li Yue-Ying , Wang Qian-Fei , Jiang Qian , Jiang Hao , Lu Jin , Huang Xiao-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare and life-threatening hemorrhagic event in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, its mortality and related risk factors remain unclear. Herein, we conducted a nationwide multicenter real-world study of ICH in adult ITP patients. According to data from 27 centers in China from 2005 to 2020, the mortality rate from ICH was 33.80% (48/142) in ITP adults. We identified risk factors by logistic univariate and multivariate logistic regression for 30-day mortality in a training cohort of 107 patients as follows: intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), platelet count ≤10 × 109/L at ICH, a combination of serious infections, grade of preceding bleeding events, and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) level on admission. Accordingly, a prognostic model of 30-day mortality was developed based on the regression equation. Then, we evaluated the performance of the prognostic model through a bootstrap procedure for internal validation. Furthermore, an external validation with data from a test cohort with 35 patients from 11 other centers was conducted. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the internal and external validation were 0.954 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.910-0.998) and 0.942 (95% CI, 0.871-1.014), respectively. Both calibration plots illustrated a high degree of consistency in the estimated and observed risk. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed a considerable net benefit for patients. Thus, an application (47.94.162.105:8080/ich/) was established for users to predict 30-day mortality when ICH occurred in adult patients with ITP.
CircVIS: a platform for circRNA visual presentation
Authors: Lin Ya-Chi , Wang Yun-Chin , Lee Yueh-Chun , Lin Hui-Hsuan , Chang Kai-Li , Tai Yu-Chieh , Hsiao Kuei-Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The collection of circRNAs mostly focused on their sequence composition such as protein/miRNA binding motif, and/or regulatory elements such as internal ribosome entry site. However, less attention was paid to subcellular localization. CircVIS aimed to provide a collection of circRNAs with information of subcellular compartments and also integrated the circRNA entries from previous circRNA databases.

Results
A collection of circRNAs from public circRNA databases and de novo identification were annotated according to subcellular localizations including nucleoplasm, chromatin-associated parts, cytoplasm and polyribosome. All circRNAs were aligned to a selected major transcript, and if presence, the circRNA-derived open reading frame with annotation of functional domain were compared to its parental protein. The results showed that distinct circRNAs may exert their molecular and cellular functions in different subcellular compartments. The web service is made freely available at http://lab-x-omics.nchu.edu.tw/circVIS.

Conclusions
CircVIS allows users to visualize the alignment between a given circRNA and its most relevant reference transcript along with information of subcellular localization.
Changes in health-related lifestyles and food insecurity and its association with quality of life during the COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Aryati , Shahril Mohd Razif , Wan-Arfah Nadiah , Mohd Abu Bakar Wan Azdie , Piernas Carmen , Lua Pei Lin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The pandemic of SARS CoV2 virus has severely impacted the entire world population. The lockdown imposed during the pandemic has created enormous challenges particularly on the health, economic and social life of most individuals. This study aimed to investigate the changes in health-related lifestyle and food security during the lockdown and how they influenced the quality of life (QoL) of Malaysian adults.

Methods
An online survey using a structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, body weight, diet quality, physical activity, sleep quality, food insecurity, and QoL was conducted among adult respondents across Malaysia. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between the changes in each component and QoL based on the total score before and during the lockdown.

Results
A total of 759 valid responses were included in the final analysis (75% female and 24.5% male). There was a significant improvement in diet quality during the lockdown while sleep quality and food insecurity worsened significantly. As for physical activity, metabolic equivalents (METs) in moderate activity increased significantly, whilst there was a significant decrease in the METs in walking and total minutes spent on physical activity during the lockdown. Overall, independent of age, gender, ethnicity, and religion, there were significant associations between QoL during lockdown and changes in BMI, METs of moderate activity, sleep quality, and food insecurity.

Conclusions
The unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak and the lockdown measure during the pandemic have caused significant negative changes in health-related lifestyles and affected the QoL of Malaysian adults. Despite the new norms and rules to prevent disease transmission, efforts to maintain a healthy lifestyle and food security among the population must be rolled out to improve the QoL and prevent further adverse mental and physical health outcomes.
The Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool: forward-backwards translation and cultural adaption to Norwegian
Authors: Garratt Andrew , Sagen Joachim , Børøsund Elin , Varsi Cecilie , Kjeken Ingvild , Dagfinrud Hanne , Moe Rikke Helene 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient engagement is recommended for improving health care services, and to evaluate its organisation and impact appropriate, and rigorously evaluated outcome measures are needed.

Methods
Interviews (N = 12) were conducted to assess relevance of the Canadian Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET) in a Norwegian setting were performed. The tool was translated, back translated, and assessed following cognitive interviews (N = 13), according to the COSMIN checklist. Data quality was assessed in a cross-sectional survey of patient advisory board members from different rehabilitation institutions (N = 47).

Results
Interviews with patient board representatives confirmed the relevance of the PPEET Organisational questionnaire in a Norwegian setting and contributed five additional items. Translation and back translation of the original PPEET showed no major content differences. Differences in vocabulary and sentence structure were solved by discussion among the translators. Comments from cognitive interviews mainly related to the use of different synonyms, layout, and minor differences in semantic structure. Results of the cross-sectional survey support the data quality and construct validity of PPEET items, including 95 score comparisons where 76 (80%) were as hypothesized.

Conclusions
The PPEET Organisational questionnaire has been thoroughly translated and tested, and the resulting Evalueringsverktøy for Brukermedvirkning (EBNOR) has adequate levels of comprehensibility and content validity. Further testing for measurement properties is recommended, but given these results, the EBNOR should be considered for assessing patient engagement in a Norwegian health care organisational context.
Enhancer-promoter interaction maps provide insights into skeletal muscle-related traits in pig genome
Authors: Li Jingjin , Xiang Yue , Zhang Lu , Qi Xiaolong , Zheng Zhuqing , Zhou Peng , Tang Zhenshuang , Jin Yi , Zhao Qiulin , Fu Yuhua , Zhao Yunxia , Li Xinyun , Fu Liangliang , Zhao Shuhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGene expression programs are intimately linked to the interplay of activecisregulatory elements mediated by chromatin contacts and associated RNAs. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many variants in these regulatory elements that can contribute to phenotypic diversity. However, the functional interpretation of these variants remains nontrivial due to the lack of chromatin contact information or limited contact resolution. Furthermore, the distribution and role of chromatin-associated RNAs in gene expression and chromatin conformation remain poorly understood. To address this, we first present a comprehensive interaction map of nuclear dynamics of 3D chromatin-chromatin interactions (H3K27ac BL-HiChIP) and RNA-chromatin interactions (GRID-seq) to reveal genomic variants that contribute to complex skeletal muscle traits.ResultsIn a genome-wide scan, we provide systematic fine mapping and gene prioritization from GWAS leading signals that underlie phenotypic variability of growth rate, meat quality, and carcass performance. A set of candidate functional variants and 54 target genes previously not detected were identified, with 71% of these candidate functional variants choosing to skip over their nearest gene to regulate the target gene in a long-range manner. The effects of three functional variants regulatingKLF6(related to days to 100 kg),MXRA8(related to lean meat percentage), andTAF11(related to loin muscle depth) were observed in two pig populations. Moreover, we find that this multi-omics interaction map consists of functional communities that are enriched in specific biological functions, and GWAS target genes can serve as core genes for exploring peripheral trait-relevant genes.ConclusionsOur results provide a valuable resource of candidate functional variants for complex skeletal muscle-related traits and establish an integrated approach to complement existing 3D genomics by exploiting RNA-chromatin and chromatin-chromatin interactions for future association studies.
Perivascular macrophages in high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation
Authors: Mendes Natalia F. , Velloso Licio A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrain macrophages and microglia are centrally involved in immune surveillance of the central nervous system. Upon inflammatory stimuli, they become reactive and release key molecules to prevent further damage to the neuronal network. In the hypothalamic area, perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are the first line of host defence against pathogenic organisms, particles and/or substances from the blood. They are distributed throughout the circumventricular organ median eminence, wrapping endothelial cells from fenestrated portal capillaries and in the hypothalamic vascular network, where they are localised in the perivascular space of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Some studies have indicated that PVMs from the hypothalamus increase the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor upon feeding for a long time on a high-fat diet. This adaptive response contributes to the impairment of glucose uptake, facilitates BBB leakage and leads to increased lipid and inflammatory cell influx towards the hypothalamic parenchyma. Despite these early findings, there is still a lack of studies exploring the mechanisms by which PVMs contribute to the development of obesity-related hypothalamic dysfunction, particularly at the early stages when there is chemotaxis of peripheral myeloid cells into the mediobasal hypothalamus. Here, we reviewed the studies involving the ontogeny, hallmarks and main features of brain PVMs in vascular homeostasis, inflammation and neuroendocrine control. This review provides a framework for understanding the potential involvement of PVMs in diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation.
Advances in brain barriers and brain fluids research in 2021: great progress in a time of adversity
Authors: Keep Richard F. , Jones Hazel C. , Drewes Lester R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis editorial highlights advances in brain barrier and brain fluid research in 2021. It covers research on components of the blood–brain barrier, neurovascular unit and brain fluid systems; how brain barriers and brain fluid systems are impacted by neurological disorders and their role in disease progression; and advances in strategies for treating such disorders.
Paclitaxel and cisplatin combined with concurrent involved-field irradiation in definitive chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Li Hui , Fang Ying , Gu Dayong , Du Mingyu , Zhang Zhi , Sun Lei , Zhou Guoren , Ye Jinjun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This trial aims to explore the efficacy and safety of involved-field irradiation (IFI) combined with paclitaxel plus cisplatin as concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), under the premise of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods
Enrolled patients with locally advanced ESCC were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. IFI was administered adopting IMRT and the total dose was 61.2 Gy delivered in 34 fractions. On the first day of radiotherapy, the patients were treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin one cycle per month for 2 cycles followed by the same regimen in consolidation chemotherapy for two cycles. The primary endpoint of the study was the 2-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate, and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety.

Results
Between January 2018 and September 2020, 108 patients participated in the trial. 78.7% (85/108) of patients completed all 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 33.9 months (interquartile range, 29.2–41.1). The 2-year LRFS rate, as the primary endpoint, was 64.2%. In addition, the median PFS was 39.2 months, and 1-year and 3-year OS rates of 88.0% and 63.3%, respectively. Among the patients, out-of-field regional failure was seen in only 7 (6.5%) patients. Neutropenia grade 3 and 4 occurred in 21.3% and 37.0% of the patients, respectively.

Conclusions
IFI using IMRT combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced ESCC yields encouraging local control and overall survival, but high hematological toxicity.
Trial registration Clinical Trials ChiCTR1800017039.
Surgical treatment of papillary fibroelastoma of the pulmonary valve: a case report
Authors: Uehara Hiroo , Uchiyama Masateru , Hori Takayuki , Iida Mitsuru , Imazuru Tomohiro , Shimokawa Tomoki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is a rare tumor, and especially rare when found on the pulmonary valve.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 70-year-old woman patient with a pulmonary valve PFE diagnosed incidentally during a follow-up of aortic regurgitation. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no suggestive signs of malignant tumors, and thrombus or myxoma was initially suspected. However, an initial transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram did not exclude the possibility of a malignant tumor attached to the wall of the pulmonary artery. Considering the embolization risk, we opted to perform tumorectomy, in which additional surgical procedures could then be conducted if intraoperative diagnosis showed a malignant tumor. Indeed, intraoperative findings showed the tumoral mass attached on the left semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve, and intraoperative diagnosis of the tumor showed no malignancy. Planned tumorectomy was performed concomitantly with AVR. The pathologic examination of the removed tumor confirmed the diagnosis of PFE. Her postoperative course was uneventful without any sign of recurrence.

Conclusion
This case highlights the difficulty of accurate diagnostic imaging and provides valuable insight into a successful surgical treatment of pulmonary valve PFE without any complications.
Early versus delayed enteral nutrition in mechanically ventilated patients with circulatory shock: a nested cohort analysis of an international multicenter, pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: Ortiz-Reyes Luis , Patel Jayshil J. , Jiang Xuran , Coz Yataco Angel , Day Andrew G. , Shah Faraaz , Zelten James , Tamae-Kakazu Maximiliano , Rice Todd , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Real-world evidence on the timing and efficacy of enteral nutrition (EN) practices in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with circulatory shock is limited. We hypothesized early EN (EEN), as compared to delayed EN (DEN), is associated with improved clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients with circulatory shock.

Methods
We analyzed a dataset from an international, multicenter, pragmatic randomized clinical trial (RCT) evaluating protein dose in ICU patients. Data were collected from ICU admission, and EEN was defined as initiating < 48 h from ICU admission and DEN > 48 h. We identified MV patients in circulatory shock to evaluate the association between the timing of EN initiation and clinical outcomes. The regression analysis model controlled for age, mNUTRIC score, APACHE II score, sepsis, and Site.

Results
We included 626 patients, from 52 ICUs in 14 countries. Median age was 60 years [18–93], 55% had septic shock, 99% received norepinephrine alone, 91% received EN alone, and 50.3% were randomized to a usual protein dose. Forty-two percent of EEN patients had persistent organ dysfunction syndrome plus death at day 28, compared to 53% in the DEN group (p = 0.04). EEN was associated with more ICU-free days (9.3 ± 9.2 vs. 5.7 ± 7.9, p = 0.0002), more days alive and free of vasopressors (7.1 ± 3.1 vs. 6.3 ± 3.2, p = 0.007), and shorter duration of MV among survivors (9.8 ± 10.9 vs. 13.8 ± 14.5, p = 0.0002). This trend was no longer observed in the adjusted analysis. There were no differences in ICU/60-day mortality or feeding intolerance rates between groups.

Conclusion
In MV patients with circulatory shock, EEN, as compared to DEN, was associated with improved clinical outcomes, but no longer when adjusting for illness severity. RCTs comparing the efficacy of EEN to DEN in MV patients with circulatory shock are warranted.
3D printed models in pregnancy and its utility in improving psychological constructs: a case series
Authors: Coté John Joseph , Coté Brayden Patric , Badura-Brack Amy S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
3D printing is being utilized in almost every aspect of medicine. 3D printing has especially been used in conjunction with 3D ultrasonography to assist in antenatal assessment and presurgical planning with fetal malformations. As printing capabilities improve and applications are explored there may be more advantages for all parents to visualize and touch 3D printed models of their fetus.

Case presentation
We present three cases involving 3D printed models and four different but interrelated psychological constructs- antenatal depression, antenatal anxiety, maternal-fetal attachment, and paternal-fetal attachment. Each case shows for the first time possible beneficial effects within these prevalent and significant problems.

Conclusions
The degree to which the anxiety, depression, and attachment scores improved after the presentation of the 3D printed models is encouraging. Randomized controlled trials utilizing 3D printed models to improve psychological constructs should be supported considering the findings within these four cases.