bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TAC score better predicts survival than the BCLC following resection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lima Henrique A. , Endo Yutaka , Moazzam Zorays , Alaimo Laura , Shaikh Chanza , Munir Muhammad M. , Resende Vivian , Guglielmi Alfredo , Marques Hugo P. , Cauchy François , Lam Vincent , Poultsides George A. , Popescu Irinel , Alexandrescu Sorin , Martel Guillaume , Endo Itaru , Kitago Minoru , Shen Feng , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still exists within the Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) subcategories. We developed a simple model to better discriminate and predict prognosis following resection.MethodsPatients who underwent curative‐intent resection for HCC were identified from a multi‐institutional database. Predictive factors of survival were identified to develop TAC (tumor burden score [TBS], alpha‐fetoprotein [AFP], Child−Pugh CP]) score.ResultsAmong 1435 patients, median TBS was 5.1 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.2−8.1), median AFP was 18.3 ng/ml (IQR 4.0−362.5), and 1391 (96.9%) patients were classified as CP‐A. Factors associated with overall survival (OS) included TBS (low: referent; medium: HR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.73−2.96; high: HR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.22−5.07), AFP (<400 ng/ml: referent; >400 ng/ml: HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.27−1.92), and CP (A: referent; B: HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12−2.92) (all p < 0.05). A simplified risk score demonstrated superior concordance index, Akaike information criteria, homogeneity, and area under the curve versus BCLC (0.620 vs. 0.541; 5484.655 vs. 5536.454; 60.099 vs. 16.194; 0.62 vs. 0.55, respectively), and further stratified patients within BCLC groups relative to OS (BCLC 0, very low: 86.8%, low: 47.8%) (BCLC A, very low: 79.7%, low: 68.1%, medium: 52.5%, high: 35.6%) (BCLC B, low: 59.8%, medium: 43.7%, high: N/A).ConclusionTAC is a simple, holistic score that consistently outperformed BCLC relative to discrimination power and prognostication following resection of HCC.
Generalizability and usefulness of artificial intelligence for skin cancer diagnostics: An algorithm validation study
Authors: Ternov Niels K. , Christensen Anders N. , Kampen Peter J. T. , Als Gustav , Vestergaard Tine , Konge Lars , Tolsgaard Martin , Hölmich Lisbet R. , Guitera Pascale , Chakera Annette H. , Hannemose Morten R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence can be trained to outperform dermatologists in image‐based skin cancer diagnostics. However, the networks' sensitivity to biases and overfitting may hamper their clinical applicability.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explain the potential consequences of implementing convolutional neural networks for stand‐alone melanoma diagnostics and skin lesion triage.MethodsIn this algorithm validation study on retrospective data, we reproduced and evaluated the performance of state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence (convolutional neural networks) for skin cancer diagnostics. The networks were trained on 25,331 annotated dermoscopic skin lesion images from an open‐source data set (ISIC‐2019) and tested using a novel data set (AISC‐2021) consisting of 26,591 annotated dermoscopic skin lesion images. We tested the trained algorithms' ability to generalize to new data and their diagnostic performance in two simulations (melanoma diagnostics and skin lesion triage).ResultsThe trained algorithms performed significantly less accurate diagnostics on images of nevi, melanomas and actinic keratoses from the AISC‐2021 data set than the ISIC‐2019 data set (p < 0.003). Almost one‐third (31.1%) of the melanomas were misclassified during the melanoma diagnostics simulation, irrespective of their Breslow thickness. Furthermore, the algorithms marked 92.7% of the lesions ‘suspicious’ during the triage simulation, which yielded a triage sensitivity and specificity of 99.7% and 8.2%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence outperforms dermatologists on image‐based skin lesion classification within an artificial setting, additional data and technological advances are needed before clinical implementation.
BMI1 induces ubiquitination and protein degradation of Nod‐like receptor family CARD domain containing 5 and suppresses human leukocyte antigen class I expression to induce immune escape in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lu Zhi‐Hui , Tu Gan‐Jie , Fu Si‐Lv , Shang Kai , Peng Su‐Juan , Chen Li , Gu Xi‐Juan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Nod‐like receptor (NLR) family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) has been reported as an activator of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I that is responsible for immune activity in cancer treatment. This work focuses on the role of BMI1 proto‐oncogene (BMI1) in the NLRC5‐HLA class I axis and in immune escape in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, immunoblot analysis and/or reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed, which identified decreased NLRC5 and HLA class I levels in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. NSCLCs were co‐cultured with activated CD8+ T cells. Overexpression of NLRC5 in NSCLC cells elevated the expression of HLA class I and increased the activity of T cells and IL‐2 production, and it reduced the PD‐1/PD‐L1 levels. The ubiquitination and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that BMI1 bound to NLRC5 to induce is ubiquitination and protein degradation. Downregulation of BMI1 in NSCLC cells elevated NLRC5 and HLA class I levels, and consequently promoted T cell activation and decreased PD‐1/PD‐L1 levels in the co‐culture system. However, overexpression of BMI1 in cells led to inverse trends. In summary, this study demonstrates that BMI1 induces ubiquitination and protein degradation of NLRC5 and suppresses HLA class I expression, which potentially helps immune escape in NSCLC.
Topological Edge and Corner States Designed via Meta‐Atoms Orientation
Authors: Bobylev Daniel A. , Tikhonenko Dmitry I. , Zhirihin Dmitry V. , Mazanov Maxim , Vakulenko Anton , Smirnova Daria A. , Khanikaev Alexander B. , Gorlach Maxim A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRapid development of topological concepts in photonics unveils exotic phenomena such as unidirectional propagation of electromagnetic waves resilient to backscattering at sharp bends and disorder‐immune localization of light at stable frequencies. Recently introduced higher‐order topological insulators (HOTIs) bring in additional degrees of control over light confinement and steering. However, designs of photonic HOTIs reported so far are solely exploiting lattice geometries which are hard to reconfigure thus limiting tunability. This article reports a conceptually new mechanism to engineer topological edge and corner states including higher‐order topological phases which exploits both electric and magnetic responses of the meta‐atoms. Hybridization between these responses gives rise to the difference in the effective coupling which is controlled by the meta‐atoms mutual orientations. This feature allows to tailor photonic band topology exclusively via particle alignment and flexibly reconfigure the topological phase. Focusing on the kagome array of split‐ring resonators, the topological edge and corner states are experimentally demonstrated in the microwave domain. To highlight the generality of this proposal, the formation of higher‐order topological phase is also predicted numerically in a C6‐symmetric lattice of split‐ring resonators. These findings provide a new promising route to induce and control higher‐order topological phases and states.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived from Zn and p‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid for Smoke Suppression and Flame Retardation in Vinyl Resin
Authors: Wang Guorong , Mei Zhiyuan , Li Yu , Chen Guotao , Xin Jie , Sun Zhaoyi , Wang Qingxin , Luo Xu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA metal–organic framework (MOF) formed between Zn and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) is synthesized using a solvothermal method. These Zn‐PHBA nanorods, which are inexpensive and suitable for mass production, are added as a flame‐retardant into vinyl resin (430 LV, a material used in marine composites). Data from cone calorimetric test demonstrates that adding the Zn‐PHBA nanorods to 430 LV significantly improves flame retardation and smoke suppression. At a high Zn‐PHBA content of 10.0 wt%, the limiting oxygen index of 430 LV increases from 19.5% to 28.5%, and the material reaches the V‐0 rating in vertical burning tests (UL‐94). Moreover, the tensile and impact strengths of 430 LV containing 10 wt% Zn‐PHBA as flame‐retardant do not deteriorate and are even slightly improved. This work demonstrates that this MOF synthesized by a simple and efficient method may be used to produce nanocomposites with excellent flame retardation and mechanical properties, while keeping the material cost sufficiently low for marine applications.
Controllable Synthesis of Submicrometer Core–Shell Modifier and Its Effect on Toughening Polypheylene Ether/Polystyrene Blends
Authors: Song Lixin , Wang Wei , Chen Dong , Ren Jiannan , Li Yongchao , Yang Bing , Wang Yuanxia , Shi Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCore–shell polybutadiene‐graft‐polystyrene (PB‐g‐PS) graft copolymers with different ratios of PB to PS are synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Further, the PB‐g‐PS copolymers are blended with polypheylene ether (PPE) and PS to prepare PPE/PS/PB‐g‐PS blends. The effects of PB‐g‐PS copolymer structure and matrix composition on the morphological, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanism of the blends are studied. The results show that the synthesized submicrometer‐sized PB‐g‐PS copolymer has an excellent toughening efficiency, both the copolymer and PS are introduced into PPE resin to produce a ternary blend which is combined with high toughness and processing properties. The optimum toughening effect on PPE/PS matrix is observed at the core–shell weight ratio of 70/30 in PB‐g‐PS copolymer, and the impact strength of the blends increased from 101 to 550 J m−1. In addition, the dispersion pattern of rubber particles in the matrix gradually changes from uniform dispersion to aggregation as the core–shell ratio of PB‐g‐PS copolymers increases. On the other hand, with the increase of PPE content, the dispersion of rubber particles in PPE/PS matrix is improved, and the deformation mechanism is changed from cracking to a combination of crazing and shear yielding, which can lead to absorb more energy to achieve better toughness.
A compact reconfigurable monopulse antenna with close spacing
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Yan , Wu Yumao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA compact reconfigurable monopulse antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two closely spaced patches, a sum‐difference comparator with four PIN diodes, and an embedded inductor between the two patches. The sum‐difference comparator consists of a 1‐to‐2 divider, two feeding lines with four PIN diodes, and the DC bias line. By controlling the states of the PIN diodes, the sum and difference beams are achieved. The embedded inductor is applied to mitigate the difference in resonant frequency at the sum and difference beams. The working mechanism of the inductor is analyzed in detail. A prototype shows that the measured overlapped −10 dB impedance covers the 3.41–3.58 GHz at the sum and difference beams. The measured gain and null depth in the broadside directions are 6.8 and −30.5 dB, respectively. The proposed monopole antenna with close space is a promising candidate for some compact systems, like unmanned aerial vehicles and mobile terminals.
Mental health diagnosis attenuates weight loss among older adults in a digital diabetes prevention program
Authors: Mayhew Meghan , Smith Ning , Fortmann Stephen P. , Fitzpatrick Stephanie L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes Prevention Programs (DPP) are effective at reducing diabetes incidence via clinically significant weight loss. Co‐morbid mental health condition(s) may reduce the effect of DPP administered in‐person and telephonically but this has not been assessed for digital DPP. This report examines the moderating effect of mental health diagnosis on weight change among individuals who enrolled in digital DPP (enrollees) at 12 and 24 months.MethodsSecondary analysis of prospective, electronic health record data from a study of digital DPP among adults (N = 3904) aged 65–75 with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7%–6.4%) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).ResultsMental health diagnosis only moderated the effect of digital DPP on weight change during the first 7 months (p = 0.003) and the effect attenuated at 12 and 24 months. Results were unchanged after adjusting for psychotropic medication use. Among those without a mental health diagnosis, digital DPP enrollees lost more weight than non‐enrollees: −4.17 kg (95% CI, −5.22 to −3.13) at 12 months and −1.88 kg (95% CI, −3.00 to −0.76) at 24 months, whereas among individuals with a mental health diagnosis, there was no difference in weight loss between enrollees and non‐enrollees at 12 and 24 months (−1.25 kg [95% CI, −2.77 to 0.26] and 0.02 kg [95% CI, −1.69–1.73], respectively).ConclusionsDigital DPP appears less effective for weight loss among individuals with a mental health condition, similar to prior findings for in‐person and telephonic modalities. Findings suggest a need for tailoring DPP to address mental health conditions.
The evolution of tribological properties of graphite and glass fiber reinforced novolac matrix hybrid composites
Authors: Kocaman Mücahit , Çuvalcı Hamdullah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReinforcing the novolac matrix with glass fiber (GF) and graphite (Gr) was a promising method for producing high‐performance friction composites. In this context, the morphology of the matrix and additive particles used in the production of friction composites, microstructures, wear surfaces, and wear debris of friction composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, while the crystal phases of the materials were scanned by X‐ray diffraction. Density measurements (Archimed's method), hardness, tensile behaviors, and thermal analyses (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) of friction composites were performed. The variations in coefficient of friction (COF) and temperature with the change in sliding time were observed in detail at different additive ratios. The tribological behaviors of these composites were tested using a computer supported block‐on ring machine at sliding speeds of 200, 250, 300, and 350 rpm, applied loads of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N and constant time of 1800 s under dry conditions. Results indicated that with increase in the GF and Gr content, the stability of the (COF) became more stable and effectively reduced the specific wear rate. In addition, the wear resistance increased in parallel with the increase in normal loads and sliding speeds for all conditions.
Correlation of chemical profiles obtained from 1H‐NMR and LC–MS metabolomics with α‐glucosidase inhibition activity for varietal selections of Ficus deltoidea
Authors: Kasim Noraini , Afzan Adlin , Mediani Ahmed , Low Kah Hin , Ali Abdul Manaf , Mat Nashriyah , Wolfender Jean‐Luc , Ismail Nor Hadiani 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionFicus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a plant used in Malaysia to treat various ailments, including diabetes. The presence of several varieties raises essential questions regarding which is the potential bioactive variety and what are the bioactive metabolites.ObjectivesHere, we explored the phytochemical diversity of the seven varieties from Peninsular Malaysia using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) analyses and correlated it with the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity.MethodologyThe Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) One‐Dimensional (1D)‐NMR and LC–MS data were processed, annotated, and correlated with in vitro α‐glucosidase inhibitory using multivariate data analysis.ResultsThe α‐glucosidase results demonstrated that different varieties have varying inhibitory effects, with the highest inhibition rate being F. deltoidea var. trengganuensis and var. kunstleri. Furthermore, diverse habitats and plant ages could also influence the inhibitory rate. The heat map from NMR and LC–MS profiles showed unique patterns according to varying levels of α‐glucosidase inhibition rate. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) model constructed from both NMR and LC–MS further confirmed the correlation between the α‐glucosidase inhibition rate of F. deltoidea varieties and its metabolite profiles. The Variable Influence on Projection (VIP) and correlation coefficient (p(corr)) values values were used to determine the highly relevant metabolites for explaining the anticipated inhibitory action.ConclusionNMR and LC–MS annotations allow the identification of flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins as the key bioactive factors. Our current results demonstrated the value of multivariate data analysis to predict the quality of herbal materials from both biological and chemical aspects.
A simple method for extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from green Luffa cylindrica biomaterial and their characteristics
Authors: Jantachum Punyarat , Phinyocheep Pranee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe utilization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) extracted from natural fibers is one way to make the most use of renewable resources. Isolation of CNCs normally requires a multi‐step process that includes an alkali treatment, bleaching (using sodium chlorite) and acid hydrolysis (sulfuric or hydrochloric acid). Here, a new approach for extracting CNCs from green Luffa cylindrica biomaterial, one type of natural fiber found in tropical countries, was developed via an alkali treatment and oxidative degradation using sodium hypochlorite, without an acid hydrolysis step. The diameter and length of the obtained CNCs were about 7.5 ± 2.2 nm and 266.9 ± 25.2 nm, respectively, with a considerably higher percentage yield (40%) compared to the traditional hydrolyzed‐cellulose nanocrystals (H‐CNCs) (28%). The zeta potential of CNCs and H‐CNCs in neutral water was −29.2 ± 0.5 mV and −13.1 ± 0.5 mV, respectively. Negative charges on CNC surfaces play an important role in the reduced aggregation of CNC suspensions. The degrees of crystallinity of CNCs (78.5%) and H‐CNCs (79.2%) are comparable. Moreover, the degrees of polymerization of CNCs and H‐CNCs were 297.21 and 226.64, respectively. The method developed is considered an easy operation with low pollution, low‐cost chemicals and a time‐ and energy‐saving process. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Differential histone deacetylase inhibitor‐induced perturbations of the global proteome landscape in the setting of high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Duda Jolene M. , Twigg Carly A. I. , Thomas Stefani N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in women. Its low survival rate is attributed to late detection, relapse, and drug resistance. The lack of effective second‐line therapeutics remains a significant challenge. There is an opportunity to incorporate the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) into HGSOC treatment. However, the mechanism and efficacy of HDACi in the context of BRCA‐1/2 mutation status is understudied. Therefore, we set out to elucidate how HDACi perturb the proteomic landscape within HGSOC cells. In this work, we used TMT labeling followed by data‐dependent acquisition LC‐MS/MS to quantitatively determine differences in the global proteomic landscape across HDACi‐treated CAOV3, OVCAR3, and COV318 (BRCA‐1/2 wildtype) HGSOC cells. We identified significant differences in the HDACi‐induced perturbations of global protein regulation across CAOV3, OVCAR3, and COV318 cells. The HDACi Vorinostat and Romidepsin were identified as being the least and most effective in inhibiting HDAC activity across the three cell lines, respectively. Our results provide a justification for the further investigation of the functional mechanisms associated with the differential efficacy of FDA‐approved HDACi within the context of HGSOC. This will enhance the efficacy of targeted HGSOC therapeutic treatment modalities that include HDACi.
Area and borders of Antarctic and permafrost—A review and synthesis
Authors: Dobiński Wojciech , Szafraniec Joanna E. , Szypuła Bartłomiej 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Antarctic continent is a crucial area for ultimate determination of permafrost extent on Earth, and its solution depends on the theoretical assumptions adopted. In fact, it ranges from 0.022 × 106 to 14 × 106 km2. This level of inaccuracy is unprecedented in the Earth sciences. The novelty of the present study consists in determining the extent of Antarctic permafrost not based exclusively on empirical studies but on universal criteria resulting from the definition of permafrost as the thermal state of the lithosphere, which was applied for the first time to this continent. The area covered by permafrost in Antarctica is ca. 13.9 million km2, that is its entire surface. This result was also made possible due to the first clear determination of the boundaries and area of the continent. The Antarctic area includes (a) rocky subsurface with (b) continental ice‐sheets and (c) shelf glaciers, which, due to their terrigenous origin and belonging to the lithosphere, belongs to the continent in the same way. Antarctica is covered by continuous permafrost, either in a frozen or in a cryotic state. This also significantly influences delimitation of the global extent of permafrost, which can therefore be defined much more accurately. The proposed ice reclassification and its transfer from the hydrosphere to the lithosphere will allow the uniform treatment of ice in the Earth sciences, both on Earth and on other celestial bodies.
Allicin‐inspired disulfide derivatives containing quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one as a bacteriostat against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Zhu Mei , Li Yan , Chen Dan‐ping , Li Cheng‐peng , Ouyang Gui‐ping , Wang Zhen‐chao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant bacterial diseases have seriously affected the yield and quality of crops, among which rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has seriously affected the yield of rice. As plant‐pathogenic bacteria gradually become resistant to existing bactericides, it is necessary to find effective bactericides with novel structures.RESULTSHerein, a series of compounds containing quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one and disulfide moieties were designed and synthesized using a facile synthetic method. The bioassay results revealed that most target compounds possessed noticeable antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Particularly, compound 2‐(butyldisulfanyl) quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one (1) exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with the half effective concentration (EC50) of 0.52 μg mL−1. Additionally, compound 1 was confirmed to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, change the bacterial morphology, and increase the level of reactive oxygen species. Proteomics, and RT‐qPCR analysis results indicated that compound 1 could downregulate the expression of Pil‐Chp histidine kinase chpA encoded by the pilL gene, and the potting experiments proved that compound 1 exhibits significant protective activity against BLB.CONCLUSIONSCompound 1 may weaken the pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by inhibiting the bacterial growth and blocking the pili‐mediated twitching motility without inducing the bacterial apoptosis. This study indicates that such derivatives could be a promising scaffold to develop a bacteriostat to control BLB. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.