bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Healthy Eating? Exploring Profiles of Intuitive Eating and Nutritionally Healthy Eating in College Women
Authors: Belon Katherine E. , Serier Kelsey N. , VanderJagt Hayley , Smith Jane Ellen 
Published: January 2022

Purpose Research suggests that food’s nutritional content and the feelings and behaviors associated with eating contribute to overall health, yet these constructs are rarely considered simultaneously. The current cross-sectional study investigated healthy eating profiles in college women that included both nutritional quality and intuitive eating (IE), with IE being an eating style that prioritizes physiological hunger/satiety cues and minimizes dieting and emotional eating. Design/Setting/Subjects Undergraduate women ( n = 352) completed an online assessment and daily diaries (80% retention). Measures Nutritionally healthy eating, IE, dieting, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and psychological health were examined. Analysis Latent profile analysis explored patterns of nutritionally healthy eating and IE, and determined how these patterns related to psychological and disordered eating outcomes. Results A four-profile solution emerged: 1) Dieting (high nutritionally healthy eating + intermediate IE), 2) Unhealthy Eating (low nutritionally healthy eating + low IE), 3) Intuitive Eating (moderately high nutritionally healthy eating + high IE), and 4) Non-Dieting (low nutritionally healthy eating + intermediate IE). These profiles significantly differed from one another, such that the Intuitive Eating and Non-Dieting profiles reported lower psychological distress, body mass index, and disordered eating compared to other profiles, while the Dieting and Unhealthy Eating profiles showed the healthiest and poorest nutritional eating, respectively. Conclusion These findings suggest that IE and nutritionally healthy eating are distinct factors in conceptualizing the eating patterns of college women, and both should be considered when developing interventions. Future research should replicate these findings in larger/more diverse samples and examine eating profiles longitudinally.
Effects of Narrative Messages on Key COVID-19 Protective Responses: Findings From a Randomized Online Experiment
Authors: Iles Irina A. , Gaysynsky Anna , Sylvia Chou Wen-Ying 
Published: January 2022

Purpose We investigated the effectiveness of narrative vs non-narrative messages in changing COVID-19-related perceptions and intentions. Design/Setting The study employed a between-subjects two-group (narratives vs non-narratives) experimental design and was administered online. Subjects/Intervention 1804 U.S. adults recruited via Amazon MTurk in September 2020 were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions and read either three narrative or three non-narrative messages about social distancing, vaccination, and unproven treatments. Measures Perceptions and intentions were assessed before and after message exposure (7-point scales). Analysis Using multivariable regression, we assessed main effects of the experimental condition (controlling for baseline measures) and interactions between the condition and pre-exposure perceptions/intentions in predicting post-exposure outcomes. Results Compared to non-narratives, narratives led to (1) less positive perceptions about the benefits of unproven treatments ( M narrative = 3.60, M non-narrative = 3.77, P = .007); and (2) less willingness to receive an unproven drug ( M narrative = 3.46, M non-narrative = 3.77, P < .001); this effect was stronger among individuals with higher baseline willingness to receive unproven drugs (baseline willingness = 2.09: b = −.06, P = .461; baseline willingness = 3.90: b = −.30, P < .001; baseline willingness = 5.71: b = −.55, P < .001). Narratives also led to more positive perceptions of vaccine safety/effectiveness, but only among individuals with lower baseline vaccine perceptions (baseline perceptions = 4.51: b = .10, P = .008; baseline perceptions = 5.89: b = .04, P = .167; baseline perceptions = 7: b = −.01, P = .688). Conclusion Narratives are a promising communication strategy, particularly for topics where views are not entrenched and among individuals who are more resistant to recommendations.
An investigation on mechanical and microstructural evolution of stationary shoulder friction stir welded aluminum alloy AA7075-T651
Authors: Hammad Ali S , Ahmed Mohamed MZ , Lu Hong , El-Shabasy Adel B , Alzahrani Bandar , El-Sayed Seleman Mohamed M , Zhang Yongquan , El Megharbel A 
Published: January 2022

The stationary shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) technique promotes new opportunities for welding material. In the current work, a special setup of SSFSW was designed and manufactured in only three parts according to the homemade friction stir welding (FSW) machine dimensions and specifications. This setup with minimum parts is easily adjustable beside it facilitates fast control of the tool pin length. This gives the design more advantages than the previous designs published for the same purpose. Two different parameters were used with the SSFSW setup to butt weld samples of AA7075-T6 of 5 mm thick. Various welding travel speeds of 25, 50 mm/min, and 75 mm/min and different values of Z-force of 20, 25 KN, and 50 KN were used to evaluate the effect of the SSFSW parameters on the joints’ quality and properties. The results confirmed that sound joints were produced without internal or surface defects. In addition, the joints are characterized with a smooth surface finish compared to the conventional FSW joints. A narrow heat affected zone around the nugget due to the elimination of heat generation by the shoulder. The tensile strength of welded samples increases with increasing the vertical force with the maximum tensile strength of 418.7 MPa at a rotational speed of 600 r/min, a welding speed of 50 mm/min, and 50 KN Z-force. This implies that the vertical applied force upon SSFSW is an important parameter in controlling the joint properties. Analysis of the hardness distribution across the weld cross-section shows slight reduction in the heat affected zone.
Maternal Childhood Maltreatment History and Child Behavior Problems: Developmental Patterns and Mediation via Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Parenting Behavior
Authors: Harris Madeleine , MacMillan Harriet , Mepham Jennifer , Joshi Divya , Wekerle Christine , Atkinson Leslie , Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with offspring behavioral problems; however, little work has examined these associations longitudinally across child development. This study examined the effects of maternal history of CM on trajectories of child internalizing and externalizing behavior measured from toddlerhood to preschool, and the role of maternal depressive symptoms and parenting behavior as potential mediators. Participants included 115 mother–child dyads recruited from a hospital maternity ward. Maternal CM was measured at 3-months postpartum. At 18, 36, and 60 months, maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior were assessed via maternal report and parenting behavior was assessed through direct observation. Findings indicated that children of mothers exposed to CM demonstrated poorer trajectories of problem behavior across early childhood. Maternal depressive symptoms mediated the relation between CM and children’s internalizing problems. Findings highlight the importance of screening for maternal depressive symptoms and early intervention for maternal and child mental health.
Anonymous Reporting Systems for School-Based Violence Prevention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Messman Elizabeth , Heinze Justin , Hsieh Hsing-Fang , Hockley Nicole , Pomerantz Naomi , Grodzinski Alison , Scott Briana , Goldstein Noah , Zimmerman Marc 
Published: January 2022

Anonymous reporting systems (ARS) have been widely implemented in schools across the United States as a violence prevention strategy. The current study systematically reviewed the published literature on ARS in U.S. schools (including public and private k-12 schools, colleges, and universities) over the past 25 years to examine the effectiveness of ARS as a school safety and violence prevention strategy. We conducted a comprehensive literature search which identified just four studies pertaining to ARS in schools. Of note, only one of these studies was published in a peer-reviewed journal. Results from this systematic review point to the need for more empirical studies on the effectiveness of ARS as a violence prevention strategy. Findings from this review also highlight the wide variation across schools in the type of ARS used, the mode of implementation, and associated educational and training components. This review is a first step in documenting an evidence-base for ARS which will be useful in guiding educators and policymakers about best practices for the use of ARS in schools. Impact Statement Anonymous reporting systems (ARS) have been used as a violence prevention strategy in schools by providing a means for individuals within a school community to safely and securely report information about potential violence or concerns about mental health, for example, through an anonymous hotline or reporting app. Despite widespread implementation of ARS in schools, as well as mandates for reporting systems in schools in 21 states, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of ARS for school violence prevention, and information about best practices for ARS implementation is lacking. This systematic review aims to summarize the current research on the effectiveness of ARS as a school safety and violence prevention strategy, which is an important step in building an evidence-base to guide schools and policymakers about best practices.
A survival analysis of cuffed tunneled silicon central venous catheters in children affected by short bowel syndrome: A lesson from the past
Authors: Ghidini Filippo , Tognon Costanza , Verlato Giovanna , Duci Miriam , Andreetta Marina , Leon Francesco Fascetti , Gamba Piergiorgio 
Published: January 2022

Background: Tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) are crucial in the management of children affected by short bowel syndrome (SBS). This work aims to investigate the outcomes of tunneled CVC and to identify factors influencing their survival. Methods: All the children diagnosed with SBS and undergone a procedure of insertion of a tunneled CVC from 2010 to 2019 were included. Demographic data and surgical information about the procedures were collected. Regression models and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed to estimate the survival. Results: Eighteen patients, eight males (44%), with a median length of residual bowel measuring 72 cm (IQR 50–102 cm), were enrolled. Thirty-nine Broviac CVCs were inserted with a mean number of 2.2 CVCs per patient and 13365 line-days. The overall incidence of complications was 3.2/1000 line-days, and the incidence of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) was 1.1/1000 line-days. No episode of catheter thrombosis was reported. The median survival was 269 days (IQR 82–1814 days). The survival was negatively influenced by a younger age at insertion ( R2 = 0.29; p < 0.001), 2.7 Fr diameter (median survival 76 days; p < 0.001) and the occurrence of complications (median survival 169 days; p = 0.002). The length of residual bowel was a mild risk factor for anticipated removal (OR 1.1; CI95 1.0–1.1; p = 0.05). Conclusion: CVC-related complications negatively influenced the survival of the line. An elder age at insertion together with a larger CVC diameter increased the survival of the line, while a shorter residual bowel was associated with an anticipated removal due to complications.
The impact of early stages of COVID-19 on the mental health of autistic adults in the United Kingdom: A longitudinal mixed-methods study
Authors: Bundy Rebecca , Mandy Will , Crane Laura , Belcher Hannah , Bourne Laura , Brede Janina , Hull Laura , Brinkert Jana , Cook Julia 
Published: January 2022

We used mixed methods to learn about the nature and drivers of mental health changes among autistic adults in the United Kingdom during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. In quantitative analyses, we examined the nature and predictors of change in depression, anxiety and stress, prospectively measured in 70 autistic adults at Wave 1 (just before the United Kingdom’s first lockdown) and Wave 2 (10–15 weeks into the United Kingdom’s first lockdown). Retrospective Wave 2 reports of mental health change were also analysed for these 70 participants. For the qualitative analysis, 133 participants (including the 70 from the quantitative analyses) provided reports on their experiences of the pandemic at Wave 2. In quantitative analyses, retrospective reports indicated that participants’ mental health worsened, but prospective data showed a different picture, with overall anxiety and stress scores reducing between Waves 1 and 2. Nevertheless, the mental health impact of the pandemic on autistic adults was variable, with a sizable minority reporting a significant decline in mental health. Qualitative analysis yielded four themes that contributed to mental health changes: (a) adjusting to changes to the social world, (b) living with uncertainty, (c) disruptions to self-regulation, and (d) barriers to fulfilling basic needs.Lay abstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, high levels of depression, anxiety and stress have been reported in the general population. However, much less has been reported about the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of autistic people. What we did: In the present study, we investigated how the mental health of autistic adults in the United Kingdom changed during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 133 participants completed an online survey at two different time points. Of the 133 participants, 70 completed the survey at the first time point just before the onset of the national lockdown. This allowed us to look at changes in their mental health, from before the lockdown to 10 to 15 weeks during lockdown. All participants (133) told us about their experiences of the pandemic. What we found: While many autistic adults told us that their mental health worsened, people’s experience varied. For some autistic adults, aspects of mental health (e.g. anxiety, stress) actually improved. Participants also described social changes that had occurred, at home and in the outside world. They described feelings of uncertainty during the pandemic, and discussed how the pandemic had affected some of their previous coping strategies. Participants also told us about their difficulties in accessing healthcare services and food during the early stages of the pandemic. In our article, we discuss these findings and focus on what needs to change to ensure that autistic people are better supported as the pandemic continues.
An online (r)examination of frequency and context effects in code-switching using the auditory moving window
Authors: Heredia Roberto R. , Angelovska Tanja , Cieślicka Anna B. 
Published: January 2022

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This study revisits the finding that code-switched language comprehension takes longer than non-switched language. Design/methodology/approach: Using an auditory moving window task, bilinguals operating in single (English) or dual (Spanish–English) language communities listened to sentences presented auditorily. Sentences in Experiments 1a to b were in Spanish and critical targets were either a code-switch or a borrowing, where an English target was pronounced in Spanish. Experiments 2a to b compared code-switched versus non-switched targets within Spanish sentences. Sentences for Experiment 3 were in English with critical targets in Spanish. Context (low/high constraint) and word frequency (low/high) were manipulated. Data and analysis: Data were analyzed using linear mixed effect models ( N = 358), with phonetics (code-switch vs. borrower), context (high- vs. low-constraint), word frequency (high vs. low), and bilingual group (code-switcher vs. English-dominant) as fixed factors, and items and subjects as random factors. Findings/conclusions: Findings from the three experiments suggested that code-switched language results in a processing cost. The bilingual’s linguistic system demands more memory and time to successfully integrate the code-switched information into the sentence. Word frequency and context, as predicted by the featural restriction model, affected the processing of the code-switched targets. Originality: This study is one of the first attempts to investigate bilingual processing employing the auditory moving window technique and the first one to find an interactive effect of context and the type of bilingual and mixed language processing. Significance/implications: The results suggest that there are differences in language switch costs moderated by word frequency, phonetics, and linguistic environment (monolingual vs. bilingual) among bilinguals. The results also suggest that the auditory moving window technique is sensitive to the classic bilingual factors such as code-switching, and other robust psycholinguistic factors such as context and word frequency.
Cognate and meaning frequency effects on homonym processing
Authors: Cassol Rigatti Pietra , Arêas da Luz Fontes Ana Beatriz 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of L1 co-activation and meaning frequency of homonyms on L2 lexical access of Brazilian Portuguese–English bilinguals during an L2 meaning decision task. Design: Eighty-four university students completed a meaning decision task—with cognate homonyms—a meaning recognition task, a Language History Questionnaire, and an L2 proficiency test. The meaning decision task was composed of 128 prime words followed by one out of three possible targets: related to the dominant meaning, related to the subordinate one, or unrelated. Independent variables were cognate status (64 cognate × 64 non-cognate words), homonym status (64 homonym × 64 non-homonyms), prime-sharedness (16 dominant meaning shared words × 16 subordinate meaning shared words), and target-relatedness (64 related to dominant meaning × 64 related to subordinate meaning × 64 unrelated words). Dependent variables were reaction times and accuracy. Data and analysis: Data were analyzed using linear mixed effect models in R. Findings: Results showed that, in this sample of bilinguals, processing of target words related to the meaning of the prime was confounded when primes were homonyms. In general, this interference was not decreased by the co-activation of cognate words across languages. Accuracy scores benefited from cognate status only when no ambiguity was present. Word processing was faster and more accurate when target words were related to the dominant meaning of the homonym prime, which shared this same meaning across languages. Originality: L1 co-activation via cognate words was not enough to decrease homonym interference effect in L2 word processing. Implications: This study lends support for a non-selective bilingual lexical access view and for frequency approaches during L2 word recognition. It also indicates limitations of the cognate facilitation effect.
The increased iron deposition of the gray matter over the whole brain in chronic migraine: An exploratory quantitative susceptibility mapping study
Authors: Chen Zhiye , Zhao He , Chen Xiaoyan , Liu Mengqi , Li Xin , Ma Lin , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: January 2022

Background Prior studies identified iron deposition in deep brain nuclei and the periaqueductal gray matter region in chronic migraine, and less is known about the cerebral iron deposition over the whole cerebral gray matter in CM. The aim of this case–control study is to investigate the cerebral iron deposition of gray matter in CM using an advanced quantitative susceptibility mapping. Methods A multi-echo gradient echo MR sequence was used to obtain raw quantitative susceptibility mapping data from 12 CM patients and 18 normal controls and the quantitative susceptibility mapping were reconstructed. Three dimensional T1 images were segmented and the gray matter mask was generated to extract the susceptibility value of gray matter over the whole brain. The independent t test and receiver operating characteristic curve Receiver operating characteristics was used to investigate the iron deposition changes in CM patients. Results CM presented a higher susceptibility value (1.44 × 10−3 ppm) compared with NC group (0.47 × 10−3 ppm) ( p < 0.0001) over the whole cerebral gray matter. There was no correlation between susceptibility value and the clinical variables including disease duration, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores ( p > 0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated the susceptibility had a high diagnostic efficacy (AUC 0.949, sensitivity 77.78% and specificity 100%) in distinguishing CM from NC. Conclusion CM patients had increased iron deposition in total cerebral gray matter which could be considered as a potential diagnostic and evaluated imaging biomarker in CM.
Is social media, as a main source of information on COVID-19, associated with perceived effectiveness of face mask use? Findings from six sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Iyamu Ihoghosa , Apantaku Glory , Yesufu Zeena , Oladele Edward Adekola , Eboreime Ejemai , Afirima Barinaadaa , Okechukwu Emeka , Kibombwe Gabriel Isaac , Oladele Tolulope , Tafuma Taurayi , Badejo Okiki-Olu , Ashiono Everline , Mpofu Mulamuli 
Published: January 2022

Background: The use of face masks as a public health approach to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the subject of debate. One major concern has been the spread of misinformation via social media channels about the implications of the use of face masks. We assessed the association between social media as the main COVID-19 information source and perceived effectiveness of face mask use. Methods: In this survey in six sub-Saharan African countries (Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Zambia and Zimbabwe), respondents were asked how much they agreed that face masks are effective in limiting COVID-19. Responses were dichotomised as ‘agree’ and ‘does not agree’. Respondents also indicated their main information source including social media, television, newspapers, etc. We assessed perceived effectiveness of face masks, and used multivariable logistic models to estimate the association between social media use and perceived effectiveness of face mask use. Propensity score (PS) matched analysis was used to assess the robustness of the main study findings. Results Among 1988 respondents, 1169 (58.8%) used social media as their main source of information, while 1689 (85.0%) agreed that face masks were effective against COVID-19. In crude analysis, respondents who used social media were more likely to agree that face masks were effective compared with those who did not [odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.65]. This association remained significant when adjusted for age, sex, country, level of education, confidence in government response, attitude towards COVID-19 and alternative main sources of information on COVID-19 (OR 1.33, 95%CI: 1.01–1.77). Findings were also similar in the PS-matched analysis. Conclusion: Social media remains a viable risk communication channel during the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite concerns about misinformation, social media may be associated with favourable perception of the effectiveness of face masks.