bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of incorporations of various polysaccharides on rheological and microstructural characteristics of heat-induced quinoa protein isolate gels
Authors: Patole Shubham , Cheng Lirong , Yang Zhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the properties of heat-induced gels (85 °C for 30 min) of quinoa protein isolate (QPI) in the presence and absence of various polysaccharides including guar gum (GG), locust bean gum (LBG), and xanthan gum (XG) at pH 7. For this purpose, samples with three gum concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 wt%) at a fixed QPI concentration (10 wt%) and a fixed ionic strength (50 mM NaCl) were studied in terms of their gelation behaviour, small and large deformation rheological properties, water holding capabilities, and microstructural characteristics. Rheological measurements revealed that all polysaccharides incorporation could improve gel strength (complex modulus, G*) and breaking stress, accelerate gel formations, and more stiffer gels were obtained at greater polysaccharide concentrations. The XG exhibited the most gel strengthening effect followed by LBG and GG. Incorporation of 0.2 wt% XG led to a 15 folds increase in G* compared to the control. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation revealed that the polysaccharides also altered gel microstructures, with the gels containing XG showing the most compact gel structures. The findings of this study may provide useful information for the fabrication of novel QPI based food gel products with improved texture.
Zeit-bezogene Perspektiven auf Jugend und Erfahrungen von Jugendlichen in der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Heyer Lea 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) thematisiert die Erfahrungen, die Jugendliche in Deutschland während der Corona-Pandemie gemacht haben, aus einer Zeit-bezogenen Perspektive. Dazu wird ein Verständnis von Zeit angelegt, mit welchem Biografien als gesellschaftlich geordnete Strukturmuster verstanden werden. Im ersten Teil werden jugendtheoretische Überlegungen aus der Entwicklungspsychologie, Erziehungswissenschaft und Soziologie mit Blick auf Charakteristika präsentiert, welche Jugend als Zeit besonderer Veränderungen und Entwicklungsaufgaben kennzeichnen. Dabei stehen somatische Veränderungen, der Bedeutungszuwachs von Peer-Beziehungen und Gruppenerfahrungen sowie die Konzeptionalisierung von Jugend als gesellschaftlich vorstrukturierte ‚Bildungszeit‘ im Fokus. Diese Ausführungen stellen den Rahmen für den zweiten Teil des Artikels dar. In diesem werden Ergebnisse aus den „JuCo“-Studien I und II, die vom Forschungsverbund „Kindheit – Jugend – Familie in der Corona-Zeit“ der Universitäten Hildesheim und Frankfurt a. M. durchgeführt wurden, präsentiert. Es wird mit Kommentaren gearbeitet, welche Befragte am Ende eines Online-Fragebogens freiwillig hinterlassen haben. Die Berichte der Jugendlichen weisen auf Erfahrungen von Frustration über verpasste Chancen, Leistungsdruck und Zukunftsängste unter den jungen Menschen hin. Die Implikationen dieser Befunde werden abschließend mit Blick auf Bedarfe für die Gestaltung der Zeit nach der Pandemie diskutiert. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Forderung nach offenen sozialen Räumen, in denen Jugendliche die Möglichkeit zu intergenerationalen und peer-bezogenen Begegnungen haben.
Die Positionen der Parteien zur Bundestagswahl 2021: Ergebnisse des Open Expert Surveys
Authors: Jankowski Michael , Kurella Anna-Sophie , Stecker Christian , Blätte Andreas , Bräuninger Thomas , Debus Marc , Müller Jochen , Pickel Susanne 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDiese Research Note berichtet zentrale Ergebnisse des Open Expert Surveys 2021 (OES21). In diesem Expert:innen-Survey, der vor der Bundestagswahl 2021 durchgeführt wurde, haben mehr als 300 Politikwissenschaftler:innen die wichtigsten Parteien entlang zentraler politischer Sachfragen verortet und deren Wichtigkeit für die jeweilige Partei geschätzt. Der OES21 unterscheidet sich von gängigen Expert:innenbefragungen in zweierlei Hinsicht. Zum einen umfasst der Survey zahlreiche themenspezifische Items, die in anderen Befragungen bislang keine Beachtung fanden. Zum anderen ist die Anzahl der Expert:innen sehr hoch, wodurch Zusammenhänge in der Positionierung auf Ebene der einzelnen Expert:innen analysiert werden können.
Stochastic solutions for time-fractional heat equations with complex spatial variables
Authors: Beghin Luisa , De Gregorio Alessandro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe deal with complex spatial diffusion equations with time-fractional derivative and study their stochastic solutions. In particular, we complexify the integral operator solution to the heat-type equation where the time derivative is replaced with the convolution-type generalization of the regularized Caputo derivative. We prove that this operator is solution of a complex time-fractional heat equation with complex spatial variable. This approach leads to a wrapped Brownian motion on a circle time-changed by the inverse of the related subordinator. This time-changed Brownian motion is analyzed and, in particular, some results on its moments, as well as its construction as weak limit of continuous-time random walks, are obtained. The extension of our approach to the higher dimensional case is also provided.
Underwater 3D Measurements with Advanced Camera Modelling
Authors: Bräuer-Burchardt C. , Munkelt C. , Heinze M. , Gebhart I. , Kühmstedt P. , Notni G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel concept of camera modelling for underwater 3D measurements based on stereo camera utilisation is introduced. The geometrical description of the ray course subject to refraction in underwater cameras is presented under assumption of conditions, which are typically satisfied or can be achieved approximately. Possibilities of simplification are shown, which allow an approximation of the ray course by classical pinhole modelling. It is shown how the expected measurement errors can be estimated, as well as its influence on the expected 3D measurement result. Final processing of the 3D measurement data according to the requirements regarding accuracy is performed using several kinds of refinement. For example, calibration parameters can be refined, or systematic errors can be decreased by subsequent compensation by suitable error correction functions. Experimental data of simulations and real measurements obtained by two different underwater 3D scanners are presented and discussed. If inverse image magnification is larger than about one hundred, remaining errors caused by refraction effects can be usually neglected and the classical pinhole model can be used for stereo camera-based underwater 3D measurement systems.
Conceptualizing Illocutions in Context: A Variationist Perspective on the Meta-Illocutionary Lexicon
Authors: Schoppa Dominik Jan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study takes a metapragmatics approach to studying language users' conceptualizations of requests and apologies. In particular, two spoken sub-corpora within the BNC and the COCA were searched for inflectional and derivational variants ofrequestandapology, which are part of the meta-illocutionary lexicon. The retrieved items were analyzed with respect to frequency of occurrence and communicative functions in context. Distributions of frequencies and functions were used as indicators of conceptualization, which were then compared across the two illocutions and across the two sub-corpora. The results of this study suggest that while cross-varietal differences are comparatively small, differences across the two illocutions are much more distinct. These and other findings are discussed against the background of semantic and pragmatic characteristics of these illocutions as well as relevant cross-cultural and social factors involved in discussing them. Finally, this study is characterized by its attempt to combine metapragmatics with variational pragmatics.
The effects of policy design complexity on public support for climate policy
Authors: Fesenfeld Lukas Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImportant challenges like climate change require transformative policy responses. According to a growing public policy literature, such transformative responses typically require complex policy packages that bundle various individual policy instruments to complement each other, compensate transition losers, and create positive synergies. Nevertheless, while adding new instruments to a package can increase policy effectiveness, it comes at a price: increased policy design complexity. Increased complexity potentially leads to fundamental public misperceptions that undermine policy legitimacy and feasibility. Here, I argue that complex policy packages affect public opinion through a compensation, policy perception, and design complexity mechanism. To test this argument, this study assesses if citizens evaluate proposals for isolated climate policies related to food and mobility behaviors differently to complex policy packages. Employing a novel two-stage conjoint-experimental approach with 9115 respondents from the USA and Germany, the study shows that policy packaging increases citizens’ perceived policy effectiveness to reduce climate pollutants, but also perceived restrictions on citizens’ lifestyles. Moreover, increased design complexity can lead citizens to pay special attention to salient costly parts of policy packages. However, increased design complexity does not fundamentally reverse preferences. Through packaging desired and undesired policy instruments, policymakers can increase public support for transformative climate policies.
Machine-learning guided optimization of laser pulses for direct-drive implosions
Authors: Wu Fuyuan , Yang Xiaohu , Ma Yanyun , Zhang Qi , Zhang Zhe , Yuan Xiaohui , Liu Hao , Liu Zhengdong , Zhong Jiayong , Zheng Jian , Li Yutong , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The optimization of laser pulse shapes is of great importance and a major challenge for laser direct-drive implosions. In this paper, we propose an efficient intelligent method to perform laser pulse optimization via hydrodynamic simulations guided by the genetic algorithm and random forest algorithm. Compared to manual optimizations, the machine-learning guided method is able to efficiently improve the areal density by a factor of 63% and reduce the in-flight-aspect ratio by a factor of 30% at the same time. A relationship between the maximum areal density and ion temperature is also achieved by the analysis of the big simulation dataset. This design method has been successfully demonstrated by the 2021 summer double-cone ignition experiments conducted at the SG-II upgrade laser facility and has great prospects for the design of other inertial fusion experiments.
Coping with the Loss of a Child: Evidence from Tang Funerary Writing
Authors: Yao Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on a close reading of 118 Tang epitaphs for those who died young, this paper explores how Tang parents remembered and recounted their children's lives as well as factors that contributed to the rise of intense expression of mourning. It finds that while descriptions in epitaphs for adults largely followed Confucian ideals of life course and gender roles, the epitaphs for the young are much less formulaic, allowing space and latitude for parents and families to impart anecdotes and emotions. More importantly, it argues that the rise of epitaphs for children (especially for daughters in the ninth century) reflected a strong influence of Buddhist perception of death and Buddhist mourning rituals. As a result, Tang parents ignored the restrictions and decorum stipulated in The Book of Rites and mourned their children with outward grief, regardless their age and gender.
Scaling laws of the maximum spreading factor for impact of nanodroplets on solid surfaces
Authors: Wang Yi-Feng , Wang Yi-Bo , He Xin , Zhang Ben-Xi , Yang Yan-Ru , Wang Xiao-Dong , Lee Duu-Jong 
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the dynamics of low-viscosity nanodroplets impacting surfaces with static contact angles from θ = 73° to 180° via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two typical morphologies of impacting nanodroplets are observed at the maximum spreading state, a Hertz-ball-like in a low-Weber-number range and a thin-film-like in a high-Weber-number range. Only inertial and capillary forces dominate the impact for the former, whereas viscous force also becomes dominant for the latter. Regardless of morphologies at the maximum spreading state, the ratio of spreading time to contact time always remains constant on an ideal superhydrophobic surface with θ = 180°. With the help of different kinematic approximations of the spreading time and scaling laws of the contact time, scaling laws of the maximum spreading factor

${\beta _{max}}\sim W{e^{1/5}}$

in the low-Weber-number range (capillary regime) and

${\beta _{max}}\sim W{e^{2/3}}R{e^{ - 1/3}}$

(or

${\beta _{max}}\sim W{e^{1/2}}O{h^{1/3}}$

) in the high-Weber-number range (cross-over regime) are obtained. Here, We, Re, and Oh are the Weber number, Reynolds number, and Ohnesorge number, respectively. Although the scaling laws are proposed only for the ideal superhydrophobic surface, they are tested valid for θ over 73° owing to the ignorable zero-velocity spreading effect. Furthermore, combining the two scaling laws leads to an impact number,

$W{e^{3/10}}O{h^{1/3}} = 2.1$

. This impact number can be used to determine whether viscous force is ignorable for impacting nanodroplets, thereby distinguishing the capillary regime from the cross-over regime.
Quantifying Bias from Measurable and Unmeasurable Confounders Across Three Domains of Individual Determinants of Political Preferences
Authors: Ahlskog Rafael , Oskarsson Sven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA core part of political research is to identify how political preferences are shaped. The nature of these questions is such that robust causal identification is often difficult to achieve, and we are not seldom stuck with observational methods that we know have limited causal validity. The purpose of this paper is to measure the magnitude of bias stemming from both measurable and unmeasurable confounders across three broad domains of individual determinants of political preferences: socio-economic factors, moral values, and psychological constructs. We leverage a unique combination of rich Swedish registry data for a large sample of identical twins, with a comprehensive battery of 34 political preference measures, and build a meta-analytical model comparing our most conservative observational (naive) estimates with discordant twin estimates. This allows us to infer the amount of bias from unobserved genetic and shared environmental factors that remains in the naive models for our predictors, while avoiding precision issues common in family-based designs. The results are sobering: in most cases, substantial bias remains in naive models. A rough heuristic is that about half of the effect size even in conservative observational estimates is composed of confounding.
WAASB index revealed stable resistance sources for soybean anthracnose in India
Authors: Rajput L. S. , Nataraj V. , Kumar S. , Amrate P. K. , Jahagirdar S. , Huilgol S. N. , Chakruno P. , Singh A. , Maranna S. , Ratnaparkhe M. B. , Borah M. , Singh K. P. , Gupta S. , Khandekar N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnthracnose caused byColletotrichum truncatumis a major soybean disease in India. Genetic resistance is the viable option to combat yield losses due to this disease. In the current study, 19 soybean genotypes were evaluated for anthracnose disease resistance at five locations (Medziphema, Palampur, Dharwad, Jabalpur and Indore) for three consecutive years (2017–2019) to identify stable and superior genotypes as resistant sources and to elucidate genotype (G) × environment (E) interactions. Genotype effect, environment effect and G × E interactions were found significant (P< 0.001) where G × E interactions contributed highest (42.44) to the total variation followed by environment (29.71) and genotype (18.84). Through Weighted Average of Absolute Scores (WAASB) stability analysis, PS 1611 (WAASB score = 0.33) was found to be most stable and through WAASBY superiority analysis NRC 128 (WAASBY score = 94.31) and PS 1611 (WAASBY score = 89.43) were found to be superior for mean performance and stability. These two genotypes could be candidate parents for breeding for durable and stable anthracnose resistance. Through principal component analysis, disease score was found to be positively associated with relative humidity, wind speed at 2 m above ground level, effect of temperature on radiation use efficiency and global solar radiation based on latitude and Julian day. Among the five locations, Indore was found to be highly discriminative with the highest mean disease incidence and could differentiate anthracnose-resistant and susceptible genotypes effectively, therefore can be considered an ideal location for breeding for field resistance against anthracnose disease.
Credit default swap pricing with counterparty risk in a reduced form model with a common jump process
Authors: Chen Yu , Xing Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the credit default swap (CDS) pricing with counterparty risk in a reduced form model. The default jump intensities of the reference firm and counterparty are both assumed to follow the mean-reverting CIR processes with independent jumps respectively and a common jump. The approximate closed-form solutions of the joint survival probability density and the probability density of the first default can be obtained by using the PDE method. Then with the expressions of the probability densities, we can get the formula for the CDS price with counterparty risk in a reduced form model with a common jump. In the numerical analysis part, we find that the default of the reference asset has a greater impact on the CDS price than that of the default of counterparty after introducing the common jump process.
Children's Understanding of Proper Names and Descriptions
Authors: MARCHAK Kristan A. , HALL D. Geoffrey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research addressed the question of whether children understand proper names differently from descriptions. We examined how children extend these two types of expressions from an initial object (a truck) owned by the experimenter to two identical objects created by transforming the initial object, both owned by the experimenter. Adults and 5/6-year-olds extended a name (“Tommy”) toonly onepost-transformation object, but extended a description (“my truck”) tobothobjects. Adults and 7-year-olds (but not 5/6-year-olds) also extended a description modeled as a name (“calledMy Truck”) toonly oneobject. Like adults, children understand that proper names identify unique individuals, but that descriptions identify properties.
Greek Club: Resurrecting Dead Languages in Secondary Schools
Authors: McMenamin Caitlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the merits of learning classical languages in an informal environment. It is argued that voluntary clubs offer a variety of benefits for students and teachers and may help promote the longevity of the discipline. For teachers, clubs can be a flexible way to teach Greek or Latin to the next generation in schools that may not be willing to offer one or both languages as subjects in the formal curriculum. For students, clubs can be an opportunity to learn freely and forgivingly in a relaxed and non-pressurised environment; an informal Greek club can help develop the skills of students formally learning Latin. Language clubs can also be used to make Classics more accessible into the future, as dated ideas of Classics being exclusive to only the most privileged and bright students can be disposed of. In this paper the author shall draw on her own experience as well as the experiences of students and teachers in Australia and abroad.1
Stresserleben und Stresssymptomatik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Hartmann Stephanie , Lohaus Arnold , Rüth Jana-Elisa , Eschenbeck Heike 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung. Diese Studie untersucht, ob sich das Ausmaß des Stresserlebens und der physischen Stresssymptomatik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in den vergangenen 20 Jahren verändert hat. Grundlage bilden die Daten von 4450 Schülerinnen und Schülern der dritten bis sechsten Klassenstufe (Altersbereich: 6 bis 14 Jahre), die im Rahmen der Normierung des Fragebogens zur Erhebung von Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kindes- und Jugendalter (SSKJ) in den Jahren 1996 (Kohorte 1, n = 960, 49 % männlich), 2006 (Kohorte 2, n = 1324, 49 % männlich) und 2018 (Kohorte 3, n = 2166, 50 % männlich) erfasst wurden. Die Überprüfung der Messinvarianz anhand konfirmatorischer Faktorenmodelle zeigte für beide Skalen partielle skalare Invarianz, wonach die Voraussetzung für die Durchführung latenter Mittelwertvergleiche erfüllt ist. Die Vergleiche weisen bei beiden Skalen nicht auf eine bedeutsame Veränderung über die Zeit hinweg hin. Gleichzeitig lassen die Invarianzanalysen erkennen, dass die Struktur der erhobenen Konstrukte über die Zeit stabil war.
Marginal Reefs Under Stress: Physiological Limits Render Galápagos Corals Susceptible to Ocean Acidification and Thermal Stress
Authors: Thompson Diane , McCulloch Malcolm , Cole Julia E. , Reed Emma V. , D’Olivo Juan P. , Dyez Kelsey , Lofverstrom Marcus , Lough Janice , Cantin Neal , Tudhope Alexander W. , Cheung Anson H. , Vetter Lael , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) and thermal stress may undermine corals' ability to calcify and support diverse reef communities, particularly in marginal environments. Coral calcification depends on aragonite supersaturation (Ω » 1) of the calcifying fluid (cf) from which the skeleton precipitates. Corals actively upregulate pHcfrelative to seawater to buffer against changes in temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon, which together control Ωcf. Here we assess the buffering capacity of modern and fossil corals from the Galápagos Islands that have been exposed to sub‐optimal conditions, extreme thermal stress, and OA. We demonstrate a significant decline in pHcfand Ωcfsince the pre‐industrial era, trends which are exacerbated during extreme warm years. These results suggest that there are likely physiological limits to corals' pH buffering capacity, and that these constraints render marginal reefs particularly susceptible to OA.
Ethics of Probabilistic Extreme Event Attribution in Climate Change Science: A Critique
Authors: Olsson Lennart , Thorén Henrik , Harnesk David , Persson Johannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe question whether a single extreme climate event, such as a hurricane or heatwave, can be attributed to human induced climate change has become a vibrant field of research and discussion in recent years. Proponents of the most common approach (probabilistic event attribution) argue for using single event attribution for advancing climate policy, not least in the context of loss and damages, while critics are raising concerns about inductive risks which may result in misguided policies. Here, we present six ethical predicaments, rooted in epistemic choices of single event attribution for policy making, with a focus on problems related to loss and damage. Our results show that probabilistic event attribution is particularly sensitive to these predicaments, rendering the choice of method value laden and hence political. Our review shows how the putatively apolitical approach becomes political and deeply problematic from a climate justice perspective. We also suggest that extreme event attribution (EEA) is becoming more and more irrelevant for projecting loss and damages as socio‐ecological systems are increasingly destabilized by climate change. We conclude by suggesting a more causality driven approach for understanding loss and damage, that is, less prone to the ethical predicaments of EEA.