bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of d-pinitol on diabetes mellitus: an updated review
Authors: Pandi Anandakumar , Kalappan Vanitha Manickam , Chandrashekar Naveenkumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The awareness in the consumption of plant-based food has gained attention in the recent years. Phytochemicals are thought to play a critical role in health promotion and in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. These compounds have reported to produce little or no side effects and are thus significantly used in treating various ailments. d-Pinitol is the chief active compound found in soy and soy products. Several studies have shown the health benefits of d-pinitol such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this review, an attempt has been made to review the effects of d-pinitol against diabetes mellitus in pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Methodology
Journal articles were sourced and filtered with relevant keywords on “d-pinitol and diabetes mellitus”. Scientific databases, including PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder and Web of Science, were accessed to identify the most relevant articles on the effect of d-pinitol in diabetes mellitus. The study duration was from September 2021 to February 2022.

Results
This comprehensive review demonstrates the application of d-pinitol against diabetes mellitus. Most of the animal and clinical studies included in this review reported that d-pinitol treatment effectively regulated hyperglycemia and prevented insulin resistance.

Conclusions
d-Pinitol could serve as an effective anti-hyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Further research to study its safety and mechanism of action is recommended in order to employ this compound for clinical trials.
Experimental cross-species infection of donkeys with equine hepacivirus and analysis of host immune signatures
Authors: Gömer André , Puff Christina , Reinecke Birthe , Bracht Stephanie , Conze Maria , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Steinmann Jörg , Feige Karsten , Cavalleri Jessika M. V. , Steinmann Eike , Todt Daniel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV) is an equine-specific and liver-tropic virus belonging to the diverse genus of Hepaciviruses. It was recently found in a large donkey (Equus asinus) cohort with a similar seroprevalence (30%), but lower rate of RNA-positive animals (0.3%) compared to horses. These rare infection events indicate either a lack of adaptation to the new host or a predominantly acute course of infection.

Methods
In order to analyze the susceptibility and the course of EqHV infection in donkeys, we inoculated two adult female donkeys and one control horse intravenously with purified EqHV from a naturally infected horse. Liver biopsies were taken before and after inoculation to study changes in the transcriptome.

Results
Infection kinetics were similar between the equids. All animals were EqHV PCR-positive from day three. EqHV RNA-levels declined when the animals seroconverted and both donkeys cleared the virus from the blood by week 12. Infection did not have an impact on the clinical findings and no significant histopathological differences were seen. Blood biochemistry revealed a mild increase in GLDH at the time of seroconversion in horses, which was less pronounced in donkeys. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a distinct set of differentially expressed genes, including viral host factors and immune genes.

Conclusion
To summarize, our findings indicate that donkeys are a natural host of EqHV, due to the almost identical infection kinetics. The different immune responses do however suggest different mechanisms in reacting to hepaciviral infections.
Host phylogeny, habitat, and diet are main drivers of the cephalopod and mollusk gut microbiome
Authors: Kang Woorim , Kim Pil Soo , Tak Euon Jung , Sung Hojun , Shin Na-Ri , Hyun Dong-Wook , Whon Tae Woong , Kim Hyun Sik , Lee June-Young , Yun Ji-Hyun , Jung Mi-Ja , Bae Jin-Woo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundInvertebrates are a very attractive subject for studying host-microbe interactions because of their simple gut microbial community and host diversity. Studying the composition of invertebrate gut microbiota and the determining factors is essential for understanding their symbiotic mechanism. Cephalopods are invertebrates that have similar biological properties to vertebrates such as closed circulation system, an advanced nervous system, and a well-differentiated digestive system. However, it is not currently known whether their microbiomes have more in common with vertebrates or invertebrates. This study reports on the microbial composition of six cephalopod species and compares them with other mollusk and marine fish microbiomes to investigate the factors that shape the gut microbiota.ResultsEach cephalopod gut consisted of a distinct consortium of microbes, withPhotobacteriumandMycoplasmaidentified as core taxa. The gut microbial composition of cephalopod reflected their host phylogeny, the importance of which was supported by a detailed oligotype-level analysis of operational taxonomic units assigned toPhotobacteriumandMycoplasma.Photobacteriumtypically inhabited multiple hosts, whereasMycoplasmatended to show host-specific colonization. Furthermore, we showed that classCephalopodahas a distinct gut microbial community from those of other mollusk groups or marine fish. We also showed that the gut microbiota of phylumMolluscawas determined by host phylogeny, habitat, and diet.ConclusionWe have provided the first comparative analysis of cephalopod and mollusk gut microbial communities. The gut microbial community of cephalopods is composed of distinctive microbes and is strongly associated with their phylogeny. ThePhotobacteriumandMycoplasmagenera are core taxa within the cephalopod gut microbiota. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that cephalopod and mollusk gut microbiomes reflect host phylogeny, habitat, and diet. It is hoped that these data can contribute to future studies on invertebrate–microbe interactions.
Application time and persistence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) against neuronal death resulting from transient cerebral ischemia
Authors: Lee Jong-Hun , Jung Bo Hyun , Yoo Ki-Yeon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied as a tool to stimulate the functional recovery of neurons after stroke. Although this device has recently begun to be utilized for providing neuroprotection in stroke, research on its application conditions is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of various tDCS application conditions on cerebral ischemia. Ischemia was induced for 5 min in a gerbil model. The application of tDCS comprised a 20 min stimulation—20 min rest—20 min stimulation protocol, which was implemented simultaneously with the induction of cerebral ischemia. Application time of the tDCS effect on ischemia was confirmed by sampling brain tissues after stimulation using 0.2 mA tDCS at 0, 5, 10 and 60 min after ischemia.

Results
Persistence of the tDCS effect on ischemia was confirmed by sampling brain tissues 5, 7, and 10 days post stimulation, with 0.2 mA tDCS after ischemia. Furthermore, the tissues were stained with cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade C so as to determine the reduction in neuronal death under all application conditions.

Conclusions
The application of tDCS can be used as a useful intervention for acute phase stroke due to its sustained neuroprotective effect.
Release of airborne antibiotic resistance genes from municipal solid waste transfer stations
Authors: Lü Fan , Wang Wei , Hu Tianyu , Duan Haowen , Shao Liming , Zhang Hua , He Pinjing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith urbanization, municipal solid waste (MSW) transfer station as an important link in the process of refuse collection and transportation is closer to residents’ living areas. At present, studies on airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) generated during MSW management are still few and not comprehensive enough. In this study, metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing methods were used to analyze the composition and content of bioaerosol and airborne ARGs in the waste reception hall and the top vent of three MSW transfer stations. 265 ARG subtypes were detected. The main subtypes were bacA, multidrug_transporter, mexW, sul2 and macB, and the main types were multidrug resistance genes and bacitracin resistance genes. Different microbes and ARGs showed diverse release characteristics, but in general, the concentration of bacteria and ARGs at the top vent of the transfer station was higher than that in the waste reception hall, and fungi were more sensitive than bacteria when passing through the odor treatment system connecting between the top vent and the waste reception hall. For ARGs, daily intake of a worker was calculated to be 1.08 × 1010–2.79 × 1010 copies d− 1 and environmental release was 2.88 × 109–9.49 × 109 copies m− 3. Therefore, control measures for airborne ARGs and pathogenic microorganisms are urgently needed to ensure the health of workers and surrounding residents.
Preoperative Patient Expectation of Discharge Planning is an Essential Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Feng James E. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Morton Jessica S. , Petersen William , Singh Vivek , Schwarzkopf Ran , Macaulay William 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A better understanding of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) candidate expectations within the perioperative setting will enable clinicians to promote patient-centered practices, optimize recovery times, and enhance quality metrics. In the current study, TKA candidates were surveyed pre- and postoperatively to elucidate the relationship between patient expectations and length of stay (LOS).

Material and methods
This is a prospective study of patients undergoing TKA between December 2017 and August 2018. Patients were electronically administered surveys regarding their discharge plan 10 days pre-/postoperatively. All patients were categorized into three cohorts based on their LOS: 1, 2, and 3+ days. The effect of preoperative discharge education on patient postoperative satisfaction was evaluated.

Results
In total, 221 TKAs were included, of which 83 were discharged on postoperative day (POD) 1, 96 on POD-2, and 42 POD-3+. Female gender, increasing body mass index (BMI), and surgical time correlated with increased LOS. Preoperative discussions regarding LOS occurred in 84.62% (187/221) of patients but did correlate with differences in LOS. However, patients discharged on POD-1 were more inclined to same-day surgery preoperatively. Patients discharged on POD-3+ were found to be more uncomfortable regarding their discharge during the preoperative phase. Multivariable regressions demonstrated that preoperative discharge discussion was positively correlated with home discharge.

Conclusion
Physician-driven discussion regarding patient discharge did not alter patient satisfaction or length of stay but did correlate with improved odds of home discharge. These findings underscore the importance of patient education, shared decision-making, and managing patient expectations.
Functional results of multiple revision anterior cruciate ligament with anterolateral tibial tunnel associated with anterolateral ligament reconstruction
Authors: Helito Camilo Partezani , da Silva Andre Giardino Moreira , Guimarães Tales Mollica , Sobrado Marcel Faraco , Pécora José Ricardo , Camanho Gilberto Luis 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are usually complex owing to previous tunnels. The objective of this study is to report the results of a revision ACL reconstruction technique with a tibial tunnel performed from the anterolateral plateau associated with an anterolateral ligament (ALL) reconstruction.

Methods
Patients with at least two ACL reconstructions that failed and who had significant enlargement and confluence of tunnels in the medial tibial plateau and underwent revision ACL reconstruction associated with ALL reconstruction with the tibial tunnel for the ACL performed from the lateral plateau between 2017 and 2019 were evaluated. All patients were evaluated by physical examination, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Lysholm functional scales.

Results
Six patients who underwent this surgical procedure were evaluated. All patients were sports practitioners and presented a grade 3 pivot shift. The mean age was 28.5 ± 8.2 years, and the mean follow-up time was 34.1 ± 12.8 months. No patient had a new graft rupture, but three (50%) had grade 1 pivot shift. Four patients had minor complications with no clinical impact on the final result. All except one patient were able to return to pre-injury type of sports, at a mean time of 14.6 ± 2.3 months after surgery.

Conclusion
The anterolateral tibial tunnel technique using an Achilles tendon allograft for revision ACL reconstruction after multiple failures associated with an ALL reconstruction showed good results and no major complications. The anterolateral tunnel can be considered a good alternative in cases of medial tibial confluence or significant enlargement of the medial tunnels in re-revision procedures.
Analysis of popliteal artery location for high tibial and distal tuberosity osteotomy using contrast-enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Mori Akiyoshi , Matsushita Takehiko , Miyaji Nobuaki , Nagai Kanto , Araki Daisuke , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Niikura Takahiro , Hoshino Yuichi , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Our objective was to evaluate the location of popliteal artery (PA) in osteotomy planes during high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and to determine a safer angle for screw drilling to the tibial tuberosity during distal tuberosity osteotomy (DTO).

Methods
Twenty knees in 20 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography for cardiovascular diseases were examined. Osteotomy planes for open-wedge HTO (OWHTO) and hybrid closed-wedge HTO (hybrid CWHTO) were created using three-dimensional bone models. The distance from the posterior cortex of the tibia to the PA (dPC-PA) in the osteotomy planes was measured in the virtual osteotomy planes. The dangerous point (Point D1) was defined as the point 17.5 mm away from PA, setting the working length of the bone saw as 35 mm. The distance between the most medial point of the tibial cortex (Point M) and Point D1 in OWHTO and the most lateral point (Point L) and Point D1 in hybrid CWHTO were examined (dM-D1 and dL-D1, respectively). The location of Point D1 to the osteotomy line (%D1) was expressed as percentage, setting the start and end of the osteotomy line as 0% and 100%, respectively. To determine the safe angle for screw drilling in DTO, the angle between the line tangential to the medial cortex of the tibia and that passing through the center of the tibial tuberosity and PA were measured.

Results
In OWHTO and hybrid CWHTO, the mean dPC-PA was 10.6 mm (6.9–16.5 mm) and 10.2 mm (7.3–15.4 mm), respectively. The mean dM-D1 in OWHTO was 25.9 mm (24.6–27.2 mm) and dL-D1 in hybrid CWHTO was 5.1 mm (2.9–7.4 mm). The mean %D1 was 47.6 ± 3.7% in OWHTO and 9.3 ± 4.1% in hybrid CWHTO, respectively. The minimal angle between the two lines in DTO was 35.2°.

Conclusion
PAs could run within 10 mm from the posterior cortex in the osteotomy planes of HTO. Therefore, proper posterior protection is necessary when cutting posterior cortex. An angle of less than 35° against the medial cortex line would be safe for screw fixation to avoid vascular injury in DTO.
Increased RV:LV ratio on chest CT-angiogram in COVID-19 is a marker of adverse outcomes
Authors: Tao Ran , Burivalova Zuzana , Masri S. Carolina , Dharmavaram Naga , Baber Aurangzeb , Deaño Roderick , Hess Timothy , Dhingra Ravi , Runo James , Jarjour Nizar , Vanderpool Rebecca R. , Chesler Naomi , Kusmirek Joanna E. , Eldridge Marlowe , Francois Christopher , Raza Farhan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Right ventricular (RV) dilation has been used to predict adverse outcomes in acute pulmonary conditions. It has been used to categorize the severity of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) infection. Our study aimed to use chest CT-angiogram (CTA) to assess if increased RV dilation, quantified as an increased RV:LV (left ventricle) ratio, is associated with adverse outcomes in the COVID-19 infection, and if it occurs out of proportion to lung parenchymal disease.

Results
We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and chest CTA findings in COVID-19 patients (n = 100), and two control groups: normal subjects (n = 10) and subjects with organizing pneumonia (n = 10). On a chest CTA, we measured basal dimensions of the RV and LV in a focused 4-chamber view, and dimensions of pulmonary artery (PA) and aorta (AO) at the PA bifurcation level. Among the COVID-19 cohort, a higher RV:LV ratio was correlated with adverse outcomes, defined as ICU admission, intubation, or death. In patients with adverse outcomes, the RV:LV ratio was 1.06 ± 0.10, versus 0.95 ± 0.15 in patients without adverse outcomes. Among the adverse outcomes group, compared to the control subjects with organizing pneumonia, the lung parenchymal damage was lower (22.6 ± 9.0 vs. 32.7 ± 6.6), yet the RV:LV ratio was higher (1.06 ± 0.14 vs. 0.89 ± 0.07). In ROC analysis, RV:LV ratio had an AUC = 0.707 with an optimal cutoff of RV:LV ≥ 1.1 as a predictor of adverse outcomes. In a validation cohort (n = 25), an RV:LV ≥ 1.1 as a cutoff predicted adverse outcomes with an odds ratio of 76:1.

Conclusions
In COVID-19 patients, RV:LV ratio ≥ 1.1 on CTA chest is correlated with adverse outcomes. RV dilation in COVID-19 is out of proportion to parenchymal lung damage, pointing toward a vascular and/or thrombotic injury in the lungs.
Prevalence and related factors of perinatal depression in Egyptian mothers
Authors: Elrassas Hanan , Taha Ghada Refaat , Soliman Alaa El-Din Muhammed , Madbole Sabreen Abd El Kareem , Mahmoud Dalia Abdel Moneim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Early detection of perinatal depression and its cultural determinants could reduce its sequalae on mothers and their babies. This study investigated the prevalence of perinatal depression in Egyptian mothers and compare women with and without perinatal depression regarding the psychosocial factors.
Three-hundred one women were recruited (166 were pregnant and 135 were in postpartum period) from a primary healthcare unit. Full sociodemographic data, Social Classification Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were completed. Subjects with EPDS score > 9 answered the structured clinical interview (SCID-I) for diagnosis of depression and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) for depression severity.

Results
Depression with mild to moderate severity was reported in 5.4% and 3.7% of women during pregnancy and postpartum period, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between depression and employment (p = 0.031), mother-in-law disputes (p = 0.002), stigma of being the second wife (p = 0.047), and having financial burdens (p = 0.001). Marital satisfaction was a protective factor for depression (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Prevalence of perinatal depression was comparable to other developing countries. It was strongly linked to culturally related factors including marital women’s employment, mother-in-law disputes, being the second wife, and socioeconomic burdens. Early detection of perinatal depression and its culturally related factors is important for its management.
Is pneumoperitoneum specific of post-traumatic appendicitis? Case report and literature review
Authors: Kerkeni Y. , Thamri F. , Zouaoui A. , Houidi S. , Jouini R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Acute appendicitis and blunt abdominal trauma may co-exist, imposing a dilemma of whether there is only coincidence or there is a cause to effect relationship. The etiopathogenesis of this rare association remains obscure. Pneumoperitoneum has rarely been described in patients with acute perforative appendicitis following abdominal trauma.

Case presentation
We report a rare case of acute perforated appendicitis after blunt abdominal trauma in an 8-year-old boy revealed by a pneumoperitoneum. We also reviewed the literature on this rare condition to assess the specificity of pneumoperitoneum in the diagnosis and to understand its etiopathogenesis.

Conclusion
Abdominal pain and fever several days after an abdominal trauma may be a sign of post-traumatic appendicitis in the pediatric population. Pneumoperitoneum is not specific of post-traumatic appendicitis but it can be a protective sign, since it will lead to immediate laparotomy in patients with an unrecognized surgical abdomen.
Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in neonates: a case series
Authors: Al-Taher Raed , Mansour Hanan , Al-Qaisi Mohammad , Hamdan Ehab , Danoun Baraa , Shrouf Ali , Jumaah Mohammed , Badran Eman , Al-lawama Manar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Pneumoperitoneum is defined as the presence of free air in the peritoneal cavity. It is a surgical emergency that represents in 90% of the cases with a hollow viscus perforation and its feared consequences of sepsis and death. On the other hand, spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is a benign surgical entity occurring in newborns that requires no surgical intervention.

Cases presentation
In this series, we report three cases of benign spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in neonates treated at Jordan University Hospital between 2004 and 2021. Two of them were treated by exploration laparotomy but no gross pathology could be identified; one case was successfully treated conservatively with observation alone.

Conclusion
This case series recognizes the presence of such entity which can be treated conservatively, eliminating the unnecessary burden of morbidity and mortality of surgery in such age group.
Spinal anesthesia and hypotensive events in hip fracture surgical repair in elderly patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Messina Antonio , La Via Luigi , Milani Angelo , Savi Marzia , Calabrò Lorenzo , Sanfilippo Filippo , Negri Katerina , Castellani Gianluca , Cammarota Gianmaria , Robba Chiara , Morenghi Emanuela , Astuto Marinella , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Spinal anesthesia (SA) is widely used for anesthetic management of patients undergoing hip surgery, and hypotension is the most common cardiovascular side effect of SA. This paper aims to assess the lowest effective dose of SA that reduces the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension in elderly patients scheduled for major lower limb orthopedic surgery.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in elderly patients scheduled for surgical hip repair and a meta-analysis with meta-regression on the occurrence of hypotensive episodes at different effective doses of anesthetics. We searched PUBMED®, EMBASE®, and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical trials registered.

Results
Our search retrieved 2085 titles, and after screening, 6 were finally included in both the qualitative and quantitative analysis, including 344 patients [15% (10–28) males], with a median (25th to 75th interquartile) age of 82 (80–85). The risk of bias assessment reported “low risk” for 5 (83.3%) and “some concerns” for 1 (16.7%) of the included RCTs.
The low dose of SA of [mean 6.5 mg (1.9)] anesthetic was associated with a lower incidence of hypotension [OR = 0.09 (95%CI 0.04–0.21); p = 0.04; I2 = 56.9%], as compared to the high-dose of anesthetic [mean 10.5 mg (2.4)].

Conclusions
In the included studies of this meta-analysis, a mean dose of 6.5 mg of SA was effective in producing intraoperative comfort and motor block and associated with a lower incidence of hypotension as compared to a mean dose of 10.5 mg.

Trial registration
CRD42020193627