bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of interventions for suicide and self-injury in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Authors: Harris Lauren M. , Huang Xieyining , Funsch Kensie M. , Fox Kathryn R. , Ribeiro Jessica D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite increased numbers of children and adolescents seeking and receiving mental health treatment, rates of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in youth are rising. In the hopes of aiding ongoing efforts to alleviate the burden of SITBs in this vulnerable population, the present study summarizes current knowledge on the efficacy of SITB interventions in children and adolescents. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing treatment effects on SITBs in child and adolescent populations. A total of 112 articles comprising 558 effect sizes were included in analyses. Nearly all interventions produced nonsignificant reductions in SITBs. For binary SITB outcomes, a nonsignificant treatment effect was detected, with an RR of 1.06 (95% CIs [0.99, 1.14]). For continuous SITB outcomes, analyses also yielded a nonsignificant treatment effect (g = − 0.04 [− 0.12, 0.05]). These patterns were largely consistent across SITB outcomes, regardless of intervention type, treatment components, sample and study characteristics, and publication year. Our findings highlight opportunities for improving SITB intervention development and implementation in child and adolescent populations. The most efficacious interventions are likely to directly target the causes of SITBs; therefore, future research is needed to identify the causal processes underlying the onset and maintenance of SITBs in youth.
Comparative host–pathogen associations of Snake Fungal Disease in sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia)
Authors: Harding Stephen F. , Becker C. Guilherme , Yates Jessica R. , Crump Paul , Forstner Michael R. J. , Mullin Stephen J. , Rodriguez David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ascomycete fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (Oo) is the causative agent of ophidiomycosis (Snake Fungal Disease), which has been detected globally. However, surveillance efforts in the central U.S., specifically Texas, have been minimal. The threatened and rare Brazos water snake (Nerodia harteri harteri) is one of the most range restricted snakes in the U.S. and is sympatric with two wide-ranging congeners, Nerodiaerythrogaster transversa and Nerodiarhombifer, in north central Texas; thus, providing an opportunity to test comparative host–pathogen associations in this system. To accomplish this, we surveyed a portion of the Brazos river drainage (~ 400 river km) over 29 months and tested 150 Nerodia individuals for the presence of Oo via quantitative PCR and recorded any potential signs of Oo infection. We found Oo was distributed across the entire range of N. h. harteri, Oo prevalence was 46% overall, and there was a significant association between Oo occurrence and signs of infection in our sample. Models indicated adults had a higher probability of Oo infection than juveniles and subadults, and adult N. h. harteri had a higher probability of infection than adult N. rhombifer but not higher than adult N. e. transversa. High Oo prevalence estimates (94.4%) in adult N. h. harteri has implications for their conservation and management owing to their patchy distribution, comparatively low genetic diversity, and threats from anthropogenic habitat modification.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen for HSV-1 host factors reveals PAPSS1 contributes to heparan sulfate synthesis
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Sato Yoshitaka , Okuno Yusuke , Goshima Fumi , Mikami Tadahisa , Umeda Miki , Murata Takayuki , Watanabe Takahiro , Watashi Koichi , Wakita Takaji , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes various diseases in humans, ranging from common mucocutaneous lesions to severe life-threatening encephalitis. However, our understanding of the interaction between HSV-1 and human host factors remains incomplete. Here, to identify the host factors for HSV-1 infection, we performed a human genome-wide CRISPR screen using near-haploid HAP1 cells, in which gene knockout (KO) could be efficiently achieved. Along with several already known host factors, we identified 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthase 1 (PAPSS1) as a host factor for HSV-1 infection. The KO of PAPSS1 in HAP1 cells reduced heparan sulfate (HepS) expression, consequently diminishing the binding of HSV-1 and several other HepS-dependent viruses (such as HSV-2, hepatitis B virus, and a human seasonal coronavirus). Hence, our findings provide further insights into the host factor requirements for HSV-1 infection and HepS biosynthesis.
Direct observation of the Mottness and p–d orbital hybridization in the epitaxial monolayer α-RuCl3
Authors: Wang Zhongjie , Liu Lu , Zheng Haoran , Zhao Meng , Yang Ke , Wang Chunzheng , Yang Fang , Wu Hua , Gao Chunlei 
Published: July 2022

In this work, we grow and study the strained monolayer α-RuCl3 on graphene by MBE, STM and DFT calculations. The Mottness and the energy-resolved d–p hybridization, which underlie the mechanism of Kitaev physics, are clearly visualized and elaborated.
Differential expression profile of mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs reveals potential molecular mechanism in breast cancer
Authors: Li Yuan , Lei Chiseng , Xie Yude , Zhang Jie , Wang Ningxia , He Weili , Qu Shaohua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent years, breast cancer attracts more and more attention because of its high incidence. To explore the molecular functions and mechanisms, we performed RNA sequencing on the tumor tissues and their paired normal tissues from three breast cancer patients. By differential expression analysis, we found 3764 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 5416 DE lncRNAs, and 148 DE circRNAs. Enrichment analysis suggested that the DE lncRNAs and DE circRNAs were enriched in mitochondria and nucleus, which indicated that they may participate in the vital metabolism directly or indirectly, such as fatty acid metabolism. Subsequently, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and we got 8 key proteins, of which the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9; degree 5) draws our attention. Based on the 38 up-regulated circRNAs and 14 down-regulated circRNAs, we constructed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, from which the has-miR-6794-5p has been identified to enriched in the up-regulated network and correlated with the circNFIX directly. At this point, we presented that the circNFIX and MMP9 may play a significant role by regulating fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer.
Weighted zigzag decodable fountain codes for unequal error protection
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhao Yuli , Lau Francis C. M. , Zhang Bin , Zhu Zhiliang , Yu Hai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy combining bit‐shift and exclusive‐or operations, a weighted zigzag decodable fountain code is proposed to achieve an unequal error protection property. In the proposed scheme, the input symbols of different importance levels are first pre‐coded into variable nodes using low‐density parity‐check codes. Then, bit‐shift operations prior to exclusive‐or are performed on the non‐uniformly selected variable nodes to generate encoded symbols. An analysis of the erasure probabilities based on the and‐or tree is further introduced. Simulation results show that by appropriately choosing the maximum bit‐shift amount, the proposed weighted zigzag decodable fountain codes can successfully recover the more important input symbols prior to the less important ones.
Priority‐based resource allocation in wireless powered UAV‐assisted networks
Authors: Basharat Mehak , Naeem Muhammad , Anpalagan Alagan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be deployed to combine terrestrial and aerial networks to provide flexible connectivity to a large number of devices in three‐dimensional (3D) space. Powering wireless devices through energy harvesting and wireless power transfer have been investigated to provide uninterrupted operations. Resource allocation is critical to improving the overall performance of the network. This paper focusses on a downlink network in which UAVs serve as base stations to provide connectivity to ground users. A priority‐based charging of UAVs from the ground charging stations needs to be efficiently designed for the sustainable operation of the overall network. A binary linear integer programming (BLIP) problem is formulated to minimise the charging cost and maximise the number of UAVs that can be charged by charging stations. First, the BLIP is transformed into a quadratic programming problem to solve it in polynomial time. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm is developed to solve the optimisation problem. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed work compared to existing solutions.
Infarct Size and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Yabe Takayuki , Noike Ryota , Okubo Ryo , Amano Hideo , Ikeda Takanori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe antiplatelet drug prasugrel inhibits platelet aggregation early after oral administration. This study examined whether prasugrel is effective in inhibiting infarct size and can reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study was a single-center, prospective, randomized pilot study. Among 80 ACS patients treated at our institution between August 2014 and September 2015, 76 ACS patients who underwent stenting and achieved thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 3 were assigned to receive aspirin plus prasugrel (prasugrel group; n = 37) or aspirin plus clopidogrel (clopidogrel group; n = 39). The primary endpoint was survival free of MACE. The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of infarct size defined as the area under the curve (AUC) of troponin I, calculated using the linear trapezoidal method. During follow-up (mean, 1262.4 ± 599.6 days), 14 patients showed MACE. No significant differences in CYP2C19 genotype were seen between groups. AUC of troponin I up to 72 hours after intervention tended to be smaller in the prasugrel group (1,927.1 ± 2,189.3 ng/mL) than in the clopidogrel group (3,186.0 ± 3,760.1 ng/mL, p = 0.08). Cumulative incidence of MACE was significantly higher in the clopidogrel group (log-rank test; p = 0.02). Compared with clopidogrel, prasugrel was associated with reduced infarct size and lower frequency of long-term outcomes among ACS patients undergoing stenting.
Challenges in Type-1 Diabetes Management during the Conflict in Syria
Authors: Alali Ibrahim , Afandi Bachar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background In Syria, a country at war for one decade, medical care has been severely affected by shortages in medications, resources, food, and physicians.
Objectives This study reviews the quality of care for patients with type-1 diabetes (T1D) receiving treatment in a private endocrinology service in Raqqa City, Syria.
Patients and Method A cross-sectional medical record review for patients with T1D followed-up at a private clinic run by a certified endocrinologist in Raqqa, Syria. All medical records were evaluated for patients' characteristics and multiple diabetes care indicators.
Results One hundred and ninety-seven patients with T1D were evaluated; 109 (55.3%) patients were females. The median age of participants was 16 (1.7–42) years, median duration of diabetes was 4 (0–27) years, and mean hemoglobin was A1C, 9.1% (8.7–9.5%). One hundred and twenty-five (63.5%) patients used premixed insulin. Eighty-one (42.4%) patients performed regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) at least twice daily. Episodes of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were reported in 62.4 and 54.4% of patients, respectively. There were significant correlations between the incidence of DKA and female gender and premixed insulin regimens.
Conclusion In this private endocrine practice in Raqqa City, Syria, the majority of patients are treated with premixed insulin. Only a minority have their glycosylated A1c monitored regularly. Our unprivileged population is poorly controlled with increased risk of hypoglycemia and admissions with diabetic ketoacidosis.
Ramadan Fasting and Diabetes (2021): The Year in Review
Authors: Beshyah Salem A. , Hafidh Khadija , Kenz Sami , Elmehdawi Rafik R. , Mohamed Gaman , Eledrisi Mohsen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction The literature on the impact of Ramadan fasting (RF) on diabetes is widely spread in many journals. This makes it not readily accessible to those interested in the subject. We aimed to provide a narrative overview of the global literature production in 1 year (2021) on diabetes and RF.
Materials and Methods This was a narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from a single major medical online database (i.e., PubMed) during the year 2021. The search term “Ramadan fasting AND Diabetes” was used, and the relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account.
Results The publications spanned a vast array of topics related to diabetes and RF, including epidemiology, assessments of safety and efficacy profiles of older and newer diabetes therapies, hypoglycemia, diabetes education, use of advanced technology for the treatment, and monitoring and impact on pregnancy. Some reports covered the interaction of Ramadan and the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in relationship to diabetes. Professional concerns, patients' perspectives, and telemedicine's role in RF were also addressed.
Conclusion The current narration presents this year's literature on the safety of fasting practices, care models, and patients' experiences and perspectives. Work should continue on comprehensive assessments for the interplay of diabetes and RF under different settings. Particular attention should focus on the roles of newer antidiabetic medicines and advanced technology for safer fasting practices.
Pediatric Diabetes Services in Arab Countries during the First 6 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alsaffar Hussain , Abdullah Wasnaa H. , Hasan Khadija A. , Yazidi Laila S. Al 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an impact on different health services due to the lockdowns, curfews, or reducing provision of some clinical services to infection control.Aims This study looked at the impact of the pandemic on the pediatric diabetes services in Arab countries during the first 6 months of pandemic.Methods and Material An online survey using SurveyMonkey was e-mailed to the pediatric endocrine consultants practicing in Arab countries. The survey was active for the last 2 weeks of August 2020.Results Responses received from 34 consultants. Most responses were from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Oman. 18% of consultants have more than 500 pediatric patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) under each of their care. A quarter of responding consultants had suspended their clinics completely during the pandemic period. The median number of children live with diabetes used to be seen in diabetes clinics has dropped significantly from 22 to only 4 patients per week during the pandemic. Half of respondents fed back those virtual clinics were useful. The number of elective and urgent admissions during the studied period were less than before the pandemic. A total of 17.6% of responders reported an increased incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) during the pandemic. Also, 36.4% thought the research activity had markedly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion The pandemic has led to reducing the number of patients attending the diabetes clinic in Arab countries. However, virtual clinics and tele-consultations emerged evidently during the pandemic. It is expected to continue using the virtual clinics when the pandemic is over.
Prolapsing Left Atrial Mass Presenting as Syncope
Authors: Pathare Presheet , Weyand Michael , Heim Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults and are most commonly found within the left atrium. These are usually asymptomatic, detected incidentally, or present gradually with symptoms typical of heart failure.
Case Description This case report is a description of a case of syncope caused by a large left atrial myxoma.
Conclusion Atrial myxomas may present with transient loss of consciousness, especially when they prolapse through the atrioventricular valves or when embolization occurs. Non-invasive diagnostic tools (e.g., echocardiogram, cardiac computed tomography) should be considered to thoroughly evaluate cardiogenic causes of syncope.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of 18F-FGD-PET/CT for Cancer of the Gallbladder: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pericleous Stephanos , Doran Sophie L. F. , Wotherspoon Andrew , Terlizzo Monica , Riddell Angela , Brown Gina , Shur Joshua , Chua Sue , Hujairi Nabil , Middleton Nicos , Cunningham David , Kumar Sacheen , Bhogal Ricky H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Gallbladder cancer has a poor prognosis and imaging can have variable diagnostic accuracy. We assessed the ability of preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) imaging to predict a postoperative histological diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.
Method A retrospective analysis was undertaken in a cohort of patients, who had suspected gallbladder cancer on cross-sectional imaging and that underwent preoperative FDG-PET/CT scan. The discriminatory power of FDG-PET/CT was determined in receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis and diagnostic accuracy parameters were estimated at different thresholds of maximum standard unit value (SUVmax).

Results Twenty-two patients were included in the study; 7 had malignant and 15 benign diagnoses. There was no statistically significant difference between the measured SUVmax between the two groups (p = 0.71). With an area under the curve of 0.486, the ROC curve did not indicate any discriminatory power of FDG-PET/CT at any potential threshold of SUVmax.

Conclusion This study indicates that the diagnosis of primary gallbladder cancer cannot be accurately confirmed with FDG PET/CT scanning.
Detection of Traumatic and Postoperative Nerve Lesions following Upper Extremity Fractures in a Pediatric Cohort Using MR Neurography
Authors: Sondermann Stefan , Bäumer Tobias , Suss Joachim , Bohn Boy , Fieseler Katharina , Schramm Peter , Tueshaus Ludger , Boppel Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction Fractures of the upper extremity are common traumatic injuries in children. Nerve lesions are a rare but typical complication of these fractures. Additional to physical, electrophysiological, and sonographic examinations, magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) can be used to assess the degree and exact localization of nerve damage. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of this examination technique for children and to test a proposed MRN classification of traumatic nerve injury according to Chhabra in a pediatric cohort.Materials and Methods Pediatric patients undergoing MRN for traumatic nerve injury from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively identified. A total of 12 consecutive patients with sufficient clinical data, an MRN, and if available follow-up examination were enrolled and analyzed.Results In 10 of 12 cases one or more nerve lesions could be identified by MRN using the classification proposed by Chhabra et al. MRN was used to assess nerve injuries, imaging results were compared with clinical course. Clinical follow-up examinations of 10 patients showed an overall good clinical recovery, even in one case with severe trauma and nerve surgery.Conclusion MRN as a noninvasive procedure can help in the evaluation of nerve injury, especially for the identification of lower grade nerve damage and to objectify suspected nerve damage in case of uncertain clinical examination results; thus, can help in decision making whether surgical revision or conservative treatment is preferable.
Multiscale partial information decomposition of dynamic processes with short and long-range correlations: theory and application to cardiovascular control
Authors: Pinto Hélder , Pernice Riccardo , Eduarda Silva Maria , Javorka Michal , Faes Luca , Rocha Ana Paula 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective.In this work, an analytical framework for the multiscale analysis of multivariate Gaussian processes is presented, whereby the computation of Partial Information Decomposition measures is achieved accounting for the simultaneous presence of short-term dynamics and long-range correlations.Approach.We consider physiological time series mapping the activity of the cardiac, vascular and respiratory systems in the field of Network Physiology. In this context, the multiscale representation of transfer entropy within the network of interactions among Systolic arterial pressure (S), respiration (R) and heart period (H), as well as the decomposition into unique, redundant and synergistic contributions, is obtained using a Vector AutoRegressive Fractionally Integrated (VARFI) framework for Gaussian processes. This novel approach allows to quantify the directed information flow accounting for the simultaneous presence of short-term dynamics and long-range correlations among the analyzed processes. Additionally, it provides analytical expressions for the computation of the information measures, by exploiting the theory of state space models. The approach is first illustrated in simulated VARFI processes and then applied to H, S and R time series measured in healthy subjects monitored at rest and during mental and postural stress.Main Results.We demonstrate the ability of the VARFI modeling approach to account for the coexistence of short-term and long-range correlations in the study of multivariate processes. Physiologically, we show that postural stress induces larger redundant and synergistic effects from S and R to H at short time scales, while mental stress induces larger information transfer from S to H at longer time scales, thus evidencing the different nature of the two stressors.Significance.The proposed methodology allows to extract useful information about the dependence of the information transfer on the balance between short-term and long-range correlations in coupled dynamical systems, which cannot be observed using standard methods that do not consider long-range correlations.