bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleft Rhinoplasty: Does Timing and Utilization of Cartilage Grafts Affect Perioperative Outcomes?
Authors: Kalmar Christopher L. , Carlson Anna R. , Patel Vijay A. , Zapatero Zachary D. , Kosyk Mychajlo S. , Bartlett Scott P. , Swanson Jordan W. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and perioperative complications of different reconstructive strategies to correct cleft nasal deformity, with particular attention paid to type and timing of cartilage grafting.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study was conducted of cleft rhinoplasty performed between 2012 and 2017 in North America utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program- Pediatric hospital network. Medical/surgical complications, reoperations, and readmissions within 30 days postoperatively were analyzed with appropriate statistics.

Results:
During the study interval, 3317 pediatric patients underwent cleft rhinoplasty, with 8.0% involving the use of cartilage grafts. Ear cartilage was significantly more commonly used for intermediate repair, whereas rib cartilage was more commonly used for late repair (P=0.006). Overall, rhinoplasties with ear cartilage grafts had shorter procedure durations than those without cartilage grafts (P=0.005), whereas those with rib cartilage grafts had increased procedure duration (P<0.001). The use of cartilage grafts was not associated with increased complications in either intermediate or late cleft rhinoplasty. Patients with bilateral clefts were more likely to undergo rhinoplasty with cartilage grafts overall (P=0.047) and with cartilage grafts for late reconstruction (P=0.039).

Conclusions:
Ear cartilage is most frequently utilized for intermediate repair, whereas rib cartilage is most frequently utilized for late repair during cleft rhinoplasty. Ear cartilage grafts are associated with significantly decreased procedure duration, whereas rib cartilage grafts are associated with significantly increased procedure duration. Not surprisingly, cleft rhinoplasty is relatively safe, with a 2% overall short-term complication rate.
Factors Influencing the Acceptance of Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Via Oral Vestibular Approach (ETOVA) by Thyroid Surgery Candidates
Authors: Zhou Xuezhi , Deng Jiejie , Xiong Jing , Xia Daojing , Liu Tao , Li Xingqin , Duan Yuling , Huo Jinlong , Wang Cunchuan , Qu Rui 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of endoscopic thyroidectomy via the oral vestibular approach (ETOVA) in Chinese patients before thyroid surgery.

Methods:
The enrolled patients were asked to answer a questionnaire postoperatively about their demographics, medical insurance coverage, sources of information, reasons for selection, and safety. The relationship between the collected data and the acceptance of ETOVA was analyzed.

Results:
Two hundred patients (40 males, 20%; 160 females, 80%) answered the questionnaire. One hundred sixty-two of them (81%) accepted ETOVA. Univariate analysis showed that the patients’ age, cosmetic effect, safety, results perception, and recommendations from family, friends, doctors, and nurses are correlated with the acceptance of ETOVA. Multivariate analysis showed that patients’ age (OR=0.966, P=0.015), cosmetic effect (OR=12.620, P=0.000), safety (OR=0.295, P=0.016), minimal invasion (OR=4.877, P=0.001), and doctors/nurses’ advance (OR=4.485, P=0.017) are statistically significant and were positively correlated with the acceptance of ETOVA. Education level, medical insurance coverage, family support, past surgical history, and operative-related symptoms were not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
Among thyroid surgery candidates in Southwest China, younger patients with cosmetic requirements and minimally invasive procedures desires are more likely to consider ETOVA at the urging of their physicians/nurses. Providing appropriate healthcare education, medical insurance coverage, and information options for surgical treatments is vital to improving patients’ acceptance of ETOVA.
Dynamics of Human Anelloviruses in Plasma and Clinical Outcomes Following Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Forqué Lorena , Fernández-Ruiz Mario , Albert Eliseo , Giménez Estela , Monzó Carolina , Chaves Javier , Redondo Natalia , Rodríguez-Goncer Isabel , Ruiz-Merlo Tamara , Parra Patricia , Andrés Amado , Aguado José María , Navarro David 
Published: August 2022

Background.
Torque teno virus, the major member of the genus Alphatorquevirus, is an emerging biomarker of the net state of immunosuppression after kidney transplantation. Genetic diversity constitutes a main feature of the Anelloviridae family, although its posttransplant dynamics and clinical correlates are largely unknown.

Methods.
The relative abundance of Alphatorquevirus, Betatorquevirus, and Gammatorquevirus genera was investigated by high-throughput sequencing in plasma specimens obtained at various points during the first posttransplant year (n = 91 recipients). Total loads of all members of the Anelloviridae family were also quantified by an “in-house” polymerase chain reaction assay targeting conserved DNA sequences (n = 195 recipients). In addition to viral kinetics, clinical study outcomes included serious infection, immunosuppression-related adverse event (opportunistic infection and cancer)‚ and acute rejection.

Results.

Alphatorquevirus DNA was detected in all patients at every point, with an increase from pretransplantation to month 1. A variable proportion of recipients had detectable Betatorquevirus and Gammatorquevirus at lower frequencies. At least 1 change in the predominant genus (mainly as early transition to Alphatorquevirus predominance) was shown in 35.6% of evaluable patients. Total anelloviruses DNA levels increased from baseline to month 1, to peak by month 3 and decrease thereafter, and were higher in patients treated with T-cell depleting agents. There was a significant albeit weak-to-moderate correlation between total anelloviruses and TTV DNA levels. No associations were found between the predominant Anelloviridae genus or total anelloviruses DNA levels and clinical outcomes.

Conclusions.
Our study provides novel insight into the evolution of the anellome after kidney transplantation.
Psychotherapeutic interventions for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder: an update
Authors: Rossouw Jaco , Sharp Tamsin , Halligan Sarah , Seedat Soraya 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of the review
We review treatment outcome studies and systematic reviews for childhood and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) between January 2020 and August 2022, including studies involving younger children and different treatment delivery methods and models. We address predictors, moderators, treatment engagement, and attrition.

Recent findings
Recent randomised controlled trials corroborate earlier trials documenting trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TF-CBT) as a highly efficacious treatment for PTSD. Evidence for treatment effects in complex PTSD in youth is still sparse. Research on moderators and predictors of treatment continues to be hampered by multiple factors, including a lack of sufficiently large homogeneous trauma samples.

Summary
TF-CBT is a very effective treatment for children and adolescents with PTSD. Further work is needed to (i) demonstrate that task-shifting models utilising lay community health counsellors and peer counsellors can effectively and cost-effectively close the mental health treatment gap that exists world-wide in children and adolescents diagnosed with PTSD, but particularly within low- and middle income countries, and (ii) better understand moderators and predictors of treatment which remains a priority.
Special Nuclear Layer Contacts Among Starburst Amacrine Cells in the Mouse Retina
Authors: Mu Shang , Turner Nicholas L. , Silversmith William M. , Jordan Chris S. , Kemnitz Nico , Sorek Marissa , David Celia , Jones Devon L. , Bland Doug , Moore Merlin , Sterling Amy Robinson , Seung H. Sebastian ,   the Eyewirers
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe observed novel classes of cell-cell contacts between retinal starburst amacrine neurons, from finely detailed morphological reconstructions of cells from an electron microscopic image volume of a mouse retina. These contacts have peculiar morphological patterns and traits, different among the respective On and Off starburst amacrine subpopulations, but both occur within the soma layers as opposed to their regular laminae of contact within the inner plexiform layer.
Early Signaling Events in Renal Compensatory Hypertrophy Revealed by Multi-Omics
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroaki , Chou Chun-Lin , Yang Chin-Rang , Chen Lihe , Jung Hyun Jun , Limbutara Kavee , Carter Benjamin , Knepper Mark A. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryLoss of a kidney results in compensatory growth of the remaining kidney, a phenomenon of considerable clinical importance. However, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we used a multi-omic approach in a mouse unilateral nephrectomy model to identify signaling processes associated with compensatory hypertrophy of the renal proximal tubule. Morphometry applied to microdissected proximal tubules showed that growth of the proximal tubule involves a marked, rapid increase in cell volume rather than cell number. Measurements of DNA accessibility (ATAC-seq), transcriptome (RNA-seq) and proteome (quantitative protein mass spectrometry) independently identified patterns of change that are indicative of activation of the lipid-regulated transcription factor, PPARα. Activation of PPARα by fenofibrate administration increased proximal tubule cell size, while genetic deletion of PPARα in mice decreased it. The results indicate that PPARα is an important determinant of proximal tubule cell size and is a likely mediator of compensatory proximal tubule hypertrophy.
[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b]benzothiazole scaffold as versatile nicotinamide mimic allowing nanomolar inhibition of different PARP enzymes
Authors: Murthy Sudarshan , Nizi Maria Giulia , Maksimainen Mirko M. , Massari Serena , Alaviuhkola Juho , Lippok Barbara E. , Vagaggini Chiara , Sowa Sven T. , Galera-Prat Albert , Ashok Yashwanth , Venkannagari Harikanth , Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen Renata , Dreassi Elena , Lüscher Bernhard , Korn Patricia , Tabarrini Oriana , Lehtiö Lari 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTHere we report [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]benzothiazole (TBT) as a new inhibitor scaffold, which competes with nicotinamide in the binding pocket of human poly- and mono-ADP-ribosylating enzymes. The binding mode was studied through analogs and their crystal structures with TNKS2, PARP2, PARP14 and PARP15. Based on the substitution pattern, we were able to identify The 3-amino derivatives 21 (OUL243) and 27 (OUL232), as inhibitors of mono-ARTs PARP7, PARP10, PARP11, PARP12, PARP14 and PARP15 at nM potencies, with compound 27 being the most potent PARP10 inhibitor described to date with an IC50 of 7.8 nM and the first PARP12 inhibitor ever reported. On the contrary, hydroxy derivative 16 (OUL245) inhibits poly-ARTs with a selectivity towards PARP2. The scaffold does not possess inherent cell toxicity and the inhibitors can enter cells and engage with the target protein. This, together with favorable ADME properties, demonstrates the potential of the TBT scaffold for future drug development efforts towards selective inhibitors against specific enzymes.
RIM-BP2 regulates Ca2+channel abundance and neurotransmitter release at hippocampal mossy fiber terminals
Authors: Miyano Rinako , Sakamoto Hirokazu , Hirose Kenzo , Sakaba Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSynaptic vesicles dock and fuse at the presynaptic active zone (AZ), the specialized site for transmitter release. AZ proteins play multiple roles such as recruitment of Ca2+channels as well as synaptic vesicle docking, priming and fusion. However, the precise role of each AZ protein type remains unknown. In order to dissect the role of RIM-BP2 at mammalian cortical synapses having low release probability, we applied direct electrophysiological recording and super-resolution imaging to hippocampal mossy fiber terminals of RIM-BP2 KO mice. By using direct presynaptic recording, we found the reduced Ca2+currents. The measurements of EPSCs and presynaptic capacitance suggested that the initial release probability was lowered because of the reduced Ca2+influx and impaired fusion competence in RIM-BP2 KO. Nevertheless, larger Ca2+influx restored release partially. Consistent with presynaptic recording, STED microscopy suggested less abundance of P/Q-type Ca2+channels at AZs deficient in RIM-BP2. Our results suggest that the RIM-BP2 regulates both Ca2+channel abundance and transmitter release at mossy fiber synapses.
Transcriptomics-driven characterisation of novel T7-like temperate Pseudomonas phage LUZ100
Authors: Putzeys Leena , Poppeliers Jorien , Boon Maarten , Lood Cédric , Vallino Marta , Lavigne Rob 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe Autographiviridae is a diverse yet distinct family of bacterial viruses marked by a strictly lytic lifestyle and a generally conserved genome organization. We here characterise Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage LUZ100, a distant relative of type phage T7. LUZ100 is a podovirus with a limited host range and identified LPS as the likely phage receptor. Interestingly, infection dynamics of LUZ100 indicated moderate adsorption rates and low virulence, hinting towards temperate behavior. This hypothesis was supported by genomic analysis, which showed that LUZ100 shares the conventional T7-like genome organization, yet encodes key genes associated with a temperate lifestyle. To unravel the peculiar characteristics of LUZ100, ONT-cappable-seq transcriptomics analysis was performed. This data generated a bird’s-eye view of the LUZ100 transcriptome and enabled the discovery of key regulatory elements, antisense RNA, and transcriptional unit structures. The transcriptional map of LUZ100 also allowed us to identify new RNAP-promoter pairs that can form the basis for biotechnological parts and tools for new synthetic transcription regulation circuitry. The ONT-cappable-seq data revealed that the LUZ100 integrase and a MarR-like regulator (proposed to be involved in the lytic/lysogeny decision), are actively co-transcribed in an operon. In addition, the presence of a phage-specific promoter transcribing the phage-encoded RNA polymerase, raises questions on the regulation of this polymerase, and suggests it is interwoven with the MarR-based regulation. This transcriptomics-driven characterisation of LUZ100 supports the increasing evidence that T7-like phages should not straightforwardly be marked as having a strictly lytic lifecycle.ImportanceBacteriophage T7, considered the ‘model phage’ of the Autographiviridae family, is marked by a strictly lytic lifecycle and conserved genome organisation. Recently, novel phages of this clade are emerging and showing characteristics associated to a lysogenic lifecycle. Screening for temperate behaviour is of outmost importance in fields like phage therapy, where strictly lytic phages are generally required for therapeutic applications. In this study, we’ve used an omics-driven approach to characterise the T7-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage LUZ100. These results led to the identification of actively transcribed lysogeny-associated genes in the phage genome, pointing out that temperate T7-like phages are emerging more frequent than initially thought. In short, the combination of genomics and transcriptomics allowed us to obtain a better understanding of the biology of non-model Autographiviridae phages, which can be used to optimize the implementation of phages and their regulatory elements in phage therapy and biotechnological applications, respectively.
Effects of a Ketogenic and Low Fat Diet on the Human Metabolome, Microbiome and Food-ome in Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Dilmore Amanda Hazel , Martino Cameron , Neth Bryan J. , West Kiana A. , Zemlin Jasmine , Rahman Gibraan , Panitchpakdi Morgan , Meehan Michael J. , Weldon Kelly C. , Blach Colette , Schimmel Leyla , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Dorrestein Pieter C , Knight Rob , Craft Suzanne ,   Alzheimer’s Gut Microbiome Project Consortium
Published: August 2022

STRUCTURED ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONThe ketogenic diet (KD) is an intriguing candidate for neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) given its protective effects against metabolic dysregulation and seizures. The diet’s neuroprotective effects have been shown to be gut microbiome-dependent in mice; thus we examined KD-induced changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in patients at-risk for AD.METHODSWe compared the low-carbohydrate modified Mediterranean Ketogenic Diet (MMKD) to the low-fat American Heart Association Diet (AHAD) in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control participants. We collected stool samples for shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics at five timepoints to interrogate the microbiome and metabolome.RESULTSIndividuals with MCI on the MMKD had lower levels of GABA-producing microbes Alistipes sp. CAG:514 and GABA, and higher levels of GABA-regulating microbes Akkermansia muciniphila.DISCUSSIONWe hypothesize that MMKD protects individuals with MCI in part via influencing on GABA levels and gut-transit time.
12-weeks of Slow Breathing Exercises Reduces Blood Pressure among Healthy Normotensive Subjects
Authors: Gamboa Alfredo , Nian Hui , Smith Emily C. , Paranjape Sachin , Nelson Katrina , Abraham Robert , Diedrich Andre , Birdee Gurjeet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSlow breathing exercises are a key component to many mind-body practices used for stress reduction and modulation of autonomic tone, and it has been shown to reduce blood pressure acutely. Long-term effects on blood pressure and autonomic tone are not well documented. We studied 95 healthy participants (41±4 years, 76% female) who performed slow breathing exercises for 12 weeks and examined the effect of slow breathing on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and autonomic tone.At baseline average BP was 105±11/67±8 mmHg. Among the 11 participants with elevated blood pressure, BP was 126±11.0/ 80±5 mmHg. Our comparison group, that received no intervention, consisted of 30 participants with baseline mean BP 125±19/ 71±10 mmHg.SBP and DBP decreased significantly (−2.4±7.3 and -1.6±5.5 mmHg, respectively) at 12 weeks for all participants who practiced slow breathing. The comparison group showed no significant changes in blood pressure. Blood pressure reduced further among slow breathing participants with baseline SBP over 120mmHg and/or DBP over 90mmHg (−10.3±7.9 and -3.8±5.5 mmHg, respectively). In our regression model, baseline SBP was associated with further decreases in SBP from baseline to 12 weeks. No significant changes were observed in spectral analyses from baseline to 12 weeks or correlations between spectral analyses in blood pressure.In conclusion, 12-weeks of slow breathing exercises resulted in a significant reduction of blood pressure in the absence of significant changes in autonomic tone as measured by spectral analyses. Further research into the mechanisms and effectiveness of slow breathing on cardiovascular health is needed.
Structural and mechanistic insights into inhibition of the type I-F CRISPR-Cas surveillance complex by AcrIF4
Authors: Gao Zhengyu , Zhang Laixing , Ge Zihao , Wang Hao , Yue Yourun , Jiang Zhuobing , Wang Xin , Xu Chenying , Zhang Yi , Yang Maojun , Feng Yue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCRISPR-Cas system provides prokaryotes with protection against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as phages. In turn, phages deploy anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins to evade this immunity. AcrIF4, an Acr targeting the type I-F CRISPR-Cas system, has been reported to bind the crRNA-guided surveillance (Csy) complex. However, it remains controversial whether AcrIF4 inhibits target DNA binding to the Csy complex. Here, we present structural and mechanistic studies into AcrIF4, exploring its unique anti-CRISPR mechanism. While the Csy-AcrIF4 complex displays decreased affinity for target DNA, it is still able to bind the DNA. Structural and functional analyses of the Csy-AcrIF4-dsDNA complex revealed that AcrIF4 binding prevents rotation of the helical bundle (HB) of Cas8f induced by dsDNA binding, therefore resulting in failure of Cas2/3 recruitment and DNA cleavage. Overall, our study provides an interesting example of attack on the nuclease recruitment event by an Acr, but not conventional mechanisms of blocking binding of target DNA.
Mechanotransduction coordinates extracellular matrix protein homeostasis promoting longevity inC. elegans
Authors: Teuscher Alina C. , Statzer Cyril , Goyala Anita , Domenig Seraina A. , Schoen Ingmar , Hess Max , Hofer Alexander M. , Fossati Andrea , Vogel Viola , Goksel Orcun , Aebersold Ruedi , Ewald Collin Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough it is postulated that dysfunctional extracellular matrices (ECM) drive aging and disease, how ECM integrity assures longevity is unknown. Here, using proteomics andin-vivomonitoring of fluorescently tagged ECM proteins, we systematically examined the ECM composition duringCaenorhabditis elegansaging revealing three distinct collagen dynamics. We show that age-dependent stiffening of inert collagen was slowed by longevity interventions through prolonged replenishing of collagens. In genetic and automated lifespan screens for the regulators that drive this remodeling, we identify hemidesmosome-containing structures that span from the exoskeletal ECM through the hypodermis, basement membrane ECM, to the muscles, coupling mechanical forces to adjust ECM gene expression across tissues. The hemidesmosome tension-induced adaptation is mediated via transcriptional co-activator YAP. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of mechano-coupling and synchronizing of two functionally distinct and spatially distant ECMs that is indispensable for longevity. Thus, besides signaling molecules, mechanotransduction-coordinated ECM remodeling systemically promotes healthy aging.Graphical AbstractHighlightsProteomics, genetics screen, and automated lifespan assays of >55’000 animals all point to hemidesmosome-containing structures for the mechano-regulation of ECM homeostasis and longevityCoupling of biomechanical properties of two ECMs with underlying cellular signalingTranscriptional co-activator YAP-1 is required for longevity and pressure-induced collagen homeostasis
Tracking subjects’ strategies in behavioural choice experiments at trial resolution
Authors: Maggi Silvia , Hock Rebecca M. , O’Neill Martin , Buckley Mark J. , Moran Paula M. , Bast Tobias , Sami Musa , Humphries Mark D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvestigating how, when, and what subjects learn during decision-making tasks requires tracking their choice strategies on a trial-by-trial basis. Here we present a simple but effective probabilistic approach to tracking choice strategies at trial resolution using Bayesian evidence accumulation. We show this approach identifies both successful learning and the exploratory strategies used in decision tasks performed by humans, non-human primates, rats, and synthetic agents. Both when subjects learn and when rules change the exploratory strategies of win-stay and lose-shift, often considered complementary, are consistently used independently. Indeed, we find the use of lose-shift is strong evidence that subjects have latently learnt the salient features of a new rewarded rule. Our approach can be extended to any discrete choice strategy, and its low computational cost is ideally suited for real-time analysis and closed-loop control.