bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic relationship network and international management of enterprise supply chain by particle swarm optimization algorithm under deep learning
Authors: Chen Min , Du Wenhu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe traditional enterprise decision evaluation model based on neural network has the problems of mismatch with the optimal solution and slow convergence speed. In order to enable companies to make decisions that are in line with changes in the market, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize deep learning neural networks. Firstly, the model parameter setting is improved, and the inertia weight strategy of normal distribution attenuation is combined. On this basis, a normal distribution decay inertial weight particle swarm optimization (NDPSO) is proposed. The inertia weight of the optimized algorithm maintains a large value in the initial stage, which makes the PSO algorithm maintain a large step size in the optimization process and a small value in the later stage. Through experimental analysis, the trend parameter of the best normal distribution of the algorithm is obtained as 0.4433 and then using the detection function, the NDPSO algorithm is tested by two types of test functions. The NDPSO algorithm is compared with the optimization results of other algorithms which are optimized on the Sphere function. The minimum value of 554.29, the average value of 2032.11, and the standard deviation of 918.47, all of them are at the leading level. Taking into account other experimental results, it is proved that the normal distribution decay inertia weight can balance the global search and local development capabilities from the perspective of parameter improvement. It can speed up the convergence with ensuring the convergence accuracy. The improved PSO algorithm has certain optimization capabilities for neural network models. The use of optimized neural network models can enable companies to make decisions in line with changes in the market and optimize the dynamic relationship network of the company's supply chain, which is of great significance to the implementation of the company's international management.
Strategic importance of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor to marine biology and oceanography of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Junge Claudia , Reubens Jan , Omar Abdirahman , Skjelvan Ingunn , Vollset Knut Wiik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe North Sea is one of the busiest and most exploited marine areas on Earth and is home to many highly migratory and economically important species. At the northern boundary, a 300‐km corridor between Norway and Shetland forms a major egress point from the North Sea to the Norwegian Sea and broader Atlantic Ocean, which is known to be used by many focal species including Atlantic salmon, European eel, European sturgeon, Atlantic bluefin tuna, basking shark, Atlantic mackerel, spiny dogfish, among others. We argue that this relatively shallow 300‐km corridor is a critical area for ecological and oceanographic research in the North Sea to understand species distribution, migratory patterns, responses to climate, fisheries, and more. Instrumentation of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor with a line of oceanographic and biological tracking infrastructure would help capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ocean and its major fauna between the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, a boundary between management areas from ICES and OSPAR.
Older adults' preferences for and actual situations of artificial hydration and nutrition in end‐of‐life care: An 11‐year follow‐up study in a care home
Authors: Wada Taizo , Ishimoto Yasuko , Hirayama Kiichi , Kato Emiko , Tatsuno Mai , Fujisawa Michiko , Kimura Yumi , Kasahara Yoriko , Fukutomi Eriko , Imai Hissei , Nakatsuka Masahiro , Nose Mitsuhiro , Iwasaki Masanori , Kakuta Satoko , Hirosaki Mayumi , Okumiya Kiyohito , Matsubayashi Kozo , Sakamoto Ryota 
Published: June 2022

AimTo clarify older adults' preferences for and actual situations of artificial hydration and nutrition (AHN) in end‐of‐life care in a care home.MethodsParticipants were residents of a care home who had completed advance directives regarding preferred methods of AHN from 2009 to 2018. Advance directives alone were available from April 2009 to June 2016 (Wave 1), and advance care planning for AHN including advance directives was introduced in July 2016 (Wave 2). AHN preferences included (i) intensive methods (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, nasogastric tube feeding and total parenteral nutrition), (ii) drip infusion, and (iii) oral intake only. Participants were followed until the end of 2020, and we checked whether decisions about AHN were based on older adults' preferences.ResultsIn total, 272 participants had completed advance directives. Most participants preferred “oral intake only” (59.5%), followed by drip infusion (32.0%) and intensive methods (8.5%) in advance directives. Ninety of the 272 participants completed advance directives twice; 83.3% did not change their AHN preferences from Wave 1 to Wave 2. By the end of 2020, 93 of the 272 participants died in the care home. AHN was provided according to older adults' preferences in 48.9% (oral intake only), in 51.4% (drip infusion) and in 55.6% (intensive methods) of cases respectively.ConclusionsMost participants preferred oral intake only, and their preferences were reflected in decisions about actual situations of AHN in end‐of‐life care. To prepare for advanced dementia and senility, early advance care planning for AHN should be promoted. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 581–587.
The significance of trying: How organizational members meet the ambiguities of diversity
Authors: Risberg Annette , Corvellec Hervé 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe address the uncertain outcomes of diversity work in organizations by showing that diversity management does not let itself be reduced to a matter of success and failure. Drawing upon theories of ambiguities in organizations and 2.5 years of longitudinal fieldwork in a Swedish municipality, we show that ambiguities characterize diversity work, including what diversity encompasses, the goals of diversity management, and its outcomes. To account for these ambiguities, we suggest approaching diversity management in terms of trying rather than outcomes. First, focusing on trying emphasizes that working with diversity entails a shifting, relative, and tension‐filled notion. Second, it brings forth the tentative performativity of diversity management. Third, it opens up ways of looking at diversity in the workplace beyond a reductionist dichotomy between success and failure. Diversity work has no clear end, but this lack of an endpoint does not call into question its raison d'être. On the contrary, it makes it a reason to insist on trying to strive for enhancing diversity.
Communicating decisions about care with patients and companions in emergency department consultations
Authors: Cooper Silvie , Stevenson Fiona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis paper explores doctor–patient and companion communication about care decisions in a UK emergency department (ED). Doctors interface between patients and healthcare systems and facilitate access to care across a range of encounters, drawing on information and authority to make and communicate clinical care decisions.Materials and MethodsWe explored characteristics of communication through ethnographic observation of 16 video‐recorded case studies of ED consultations (average length: 1 h) collected over 6 months. Companions were present in 10 cases. We conducted a framework analysis to understand the roles of doctors, consultants, patients and companions in relaying ED care decisions.FindingsWe present two cases to reflect companion roles and their effect on the consultation. The urgency for care and scarcity of resources means clinicians justify decisions and strategize to move patients along ED pathways.DiscussionEveryday care interactions between patients and doctors are goal‐oriented and companions participate by providing case information, querying decisions and advocating for care. Our findings reflect how doctors justify decisions made in communicating the next steps in ways that characterize the clinical encounter.ConclusionBy exploring everyday interactions our study contributes to a growing understanding of patient–clinician and companion communication in the ED.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and caregivers voluntarily participated in data collection and consented to video recordings being conducted of ED consultations between them and junior doctors. There was extensive consultation with all grades of staff about the acceptability of the work and the best way to conduct it to minimize the impact on patients and staff. Through this manuscript, we have demonstrated the presence and important role of companions. On reflection it would have been valuable to have included patients and companions in discussions about the work; however, this project was conducted with very limited funding and no resources were committed to patient and public involvement. Given the setting and scope of the study, it was not feasible to involve patients or members of the public in other stages of the research or preparation of the manuscript. We recognize this as a potential limitation of the work.
Factors influencing oral health behaviours, access and delivery of dental care for autistic children and adolescents: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Erwin Jo , Paisi Martha , Neill Sarah , Burns Lorna , Vassallo Isaac , Nelder Abigail , Facenfield Jemma , Devalia Urshla , Vassallo Tara , Witton Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutistic children and young people (CYP) experience oral health (OH) inequalities. They are at high risk of dental disease and show significant levels of unmet need in relation to OH and access to dental care.AimThis study aimed to gather evidence on the factors that influence OH behaviours, access to and delivery of dental care for autistic CYP.DesignThis was a mixed‐methods narrative systematic review.Data SourcesEmbase, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, MEDLINE, Psychinfo, Scopus, CINAHL, SocINDEX and grey literature were the data sources for this study.Review MethodsA systematic search was conducted for qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods research studies from countries with a High Development Index that related to OH behaviours, access to and delivery of dental care for autistic CYP. Results were analysed using narrative synthesis.ResultsFrom 59 eligible studies, 9 themes were generated: (1) affordability and accessibility; (2) autism‐related factors and cognitive or motor skill differences; (3) the dental environment; (4) managing CYP's behaviour; (5) responding and adapting to the needs of the autistic CYP and their parent/carer; (6) attitude of dental health professionals (DHPs) towards autistic CYP and their parents/carers; (7) knowledge of how to care for and support CYP's OH; (8) empowerment of parents/carers and collaboration with DHPs; and (9) communication and building rapport.ConclusionThe adoption of healthy OH behaviours and access to dental care by autistic CYP is impacted by a range of factors including those intrinsically related to a diagnosis of autism, for example, communication and those often associated with autism, for example, sensory sensitivities. Access to better OH and dental care can be facilitated by responding to the individual needs of autistic CYP through accommodation, education and adaptation. This necessitates greater awareness and knowledge of autism amongst DHPs and the provision of appropriate services. More methodologically robust intervention studies are needed to identify effective ways to support autistic CYP in achieving good OH and access to dental care.Patient and Public ContributionThe review protocol was developed with members of the project patient and public involvement group who provided the autistic voice, contributing to the interpretation of the review findings and writing of the manuscript.
Using cocreated visually informed community mental health education in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A case study of youth substance misuse in Assam, India
Authors: Duara Raginie , Chowdhury Diptarup , Dey Ratul , Goswami Sangeeta , Madill Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionOur aim is to evaluate the visually informed community mental health education materials cocreated in our research on youth substance misuse in Assam, India, and to reflect on what we might learn for similar initiatives in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsMaterials consist of: (i) images participants brought to the interview; (ii) 30 posters cocreated by participants to convey key messages from their interview; (iii) six short films on the implications of addiction, and (iv) an animation of our Pathways to Recovery model. We also created a community education package that incorporated these materials. We analyse feedback from three groups of events and a social media campaign, which drew variably across our materials and engaged a range of audiences.ResultsOutcomes indicate the cocreation process and focus on the visual was successful in promoting young people's voice, increasing awareness and has potential for stigma reduction. Our educational package was deemed useful in increasing awareness and has potential for prevention and treatment.ConclusionsOur case study offers insights into community mental health education in low‐ and middle‐income countries, confirming the importance of cocreation, the usefulness of visual materials and the potential of social media campaigns while acknowledging the importance of local context in health messaging, particularly for stigmatized topics.Patient or Public ContributionService users were involved in the cocreation of the materials evaluated in this study and contributed as presenters in one of the events reported. Members of the public took part in events in which the materials were shared and provided us with the feedback analysed in this article.
Electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of porous silicon carbide ceramics with a boron carbide additive
Authors: Kultayeva Shynar , Kim Young‐Wook 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe effects of the boron carbide (B4C) content and sintering atmosphere on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of porous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics were investigated in the porosity range of 58.3%–70.3%. The electrical resistivities of the nitrogen‐sintered porous SiC ceramics (∼10–1 Ω·cm) were two orders of magnitude lower than those of argon‐sintered porous SiC ceramics (∼101 Ω·cm). Both the thermal conductivities (3.3–19.8 W·m–1·K–1) and flexural strengths (8.1–32.9 MPa) of the argon‐ and nitrogen‐sintered porous SiC ceramics increased as the B4C content increased, owing to the decreased porosity and increased necking area between SiC grains. The electrical resistivity of the porous SiC ceramics was primarily controlled by the sintering atmosphere owing to the N‐doping from the nitrogen atmosphere, and secondarily by the B4C content, owing to the B‐doping from the B4C. In contrast, the thermal conductivity and flexural strength were dependent on both the porosity and necking area, as influenced by both the sintering atmosphere and B4C content. These results suggest that it is possible to decouple the electrical resistivity from the thermal conductivity by judicious selection of the B4C content and sintering atmosphere.
Mechanical properties of ion‐exchanged alkali aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Nunes Bruno , Pinho Inês , Cruz Fernandes Jorge , Almeida Rui M. , Santos Luis F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAluminosilicate glasses present good optical and mechanical properties, but their mechanical behavior can be further improved by thermal or chemical treatments, making them suitable for applications requiring high hardness and fracture strength, for example, laptop monitors or mobile phone screens. A lithium aluminosilicate composition was prepared, and ion exchanged in a KNO3 bath at different temperatures for various times. Density and UV–vis transmission were measured before and after ion exchange of the glass, together with the mechanical properties, namely, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, Vickers hardness, indentation fracture toughness, and equi‐biaxial bending strength, whose results were treated by Weibull statistics. The initial glass composition presented a Vickers hardness of 620 ± 10 HV, a Young's modulus of 87 ± 1 GPa, and a fracture toughness of 1.7 ± .1 MPa.m1/2. After ion exchange, the Vickers hardness of the glass increased to average values of 716 HV for 12 h at 450°C and 728 HV for 30 h at 420°C, while the fracture toughness increased to 2.2 ± .1 MPa.m1/2, confirming the improvement of the mechanical properties. These results have been compared with two commercial glasses: a monitor glass from a laptop computer and a glass normally used in mobile phone screens.
Do situational characteristics affect the validity of personality situational judgment items?
Authors: Golubovich Juliya , Lake Christopher J. , Seybert Jacob , Anguiano‐Carrasco Cristina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate about the value of the situational portion (“stems”) of situational judgment (SJT) test items. This study addresses whether a set of situational cues intentionally written into the stems of personality SJT items can influence how the response options are interpreted and consequently, enhance these options’ construct validity with external measures. The response options’ trait expression as scaled by raters was the main determinant of the options’ validity, but situational cues in the stems also explained meaningful amounts of incremental variability in validity coefficients.
Genomic architecture and sexually dimorphic expression underlying immunity in the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis
Authors: Möllmann Jannik S. , Colgan Thomas J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInsect pollinators provide crucial ecosystem services yet face increasing environmental pressures. The challenges posed by novel and reemerging pathogens on bee health means we need to improve our understanding of the immune system, an important barrier to infections and disease. Despite the importance of solitary bees, which are ecologically relevant, our understanding of the genomic basis and molecular mechanisms underlying their immune potential, and how intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence it is limited. To improve our understanding of the genomic architecture underlying immunity of a key solitary bee pollinator, we characterized putative immune genes of the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis. In addition, we used publicly available RNA‐seq datasets to determine how sexes differ in immune gene expression and splicing but also how pesticide exposure may affect immune gene expression in females. Through comparative genomics, we reveal an evolutionarily conserved set of more than 500 putative immune‐related genes. We found genome‐wide patterns of sex‐biased gene expression, with greater enrichment of immune‐related processes among genes with higher constitutive expression in males than females. Our results also suggest an up‐regulation of immune‐related genes in response to exposure to two common neonicotinoids, thiacloprid and imidacloprid. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the gene repertoire, regulation and expression differences in the sexes of O. bicornis, as well as providing additional support for how neonicotinoids can affect immune gene expression, which may affect the capacity of solitary bees to respond to pathogenic threats.
Universal Health Coverage and Social Health Protection: Policy relevance to health system financing reforms
Authors: Bayarsaikhan Dorjsuren , Tessier Lou , Ron Aviva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) and Social Health Protection (SHP) are key policy foci that cut across all dimensions of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals agenda. Understanding of these two concepts, their fundamentals and relations would improve health policy development and implementation to attain UHC and effectively protect the health of people and save lives and livelihoods. The COVID‐19 pandemic has provided useful lessons to improve multi‐sector activities to strengthen and finance health and social protection systems. The aim of this article is to provide conceptual clarity on the contribution of the global frameworks on SHP to the policy goal of UHC. In doing so, the article contributes to health financing and social security related policy discussions and advocates for much needed integrated policy actions at global as well as country levels. It discusses the origins of the two concepts and the relevance of SHP to health systems financing for UHC. Although country situations differ, the main findings, especially for low‐ and middle‐income countries, are highlighted and summarized.
Comparing running vs interrupted sutures for skin closure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Wenhao , Tao Yinjie , Wang Yawen , Ouyang Zhaolian , Huang Jiuzuo , Long Xiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContinuous sutures and interrupted sutures have been widely applied to skin closure after non‐obstetric surgery or traumatic wounds. Usually, continuous sutures were divided into transdermal or subcuticular sutures according to whether the stitches were placed through or below the epidermal layer. Interrupted sutures, on the other hand, involved penetration of the loose connective tissue beneath the skin layers, with stitches placed through the external skin layer. Complications including infection, dehiscence, and poor cosmetic appearance were not rare after suturing. Whether a suture method is a suitable option for rapid wound healing and long‐term cosmetic appearance remains controversial. To examine the potential benefits and harms of continuous skin sutures vs interrupted skin sutures in non‐obstetric surgery or traumatic wounds. Searching websites such as PubMed, the Cochrane Central Library, Web of Science and Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched up to 5 January 2022 and were assessed and guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis rules as well as guidelines. All relevant randomised controlled studies comparing continuous sutures with interrupted sutures of skin closure were analysed. The suture techniques and material used in each trial were recorded. The transdermal and subcuticular continuous sutures were separately compared with interrupted sutures in the subgroup analysis of dehiscence and cosmetic appearance because the visual appearance of these two continuous suturing techniques was significantly different. Ten studies including 1181 participants were analysed. Subcuticular continuous sutures had comparatively higher visual analogue scale (VAS) scores among patients and doctors than interrupted sutures (OR = 0.27, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] = 0. 07‐0.47, P < .01). Similarly, priority was found regarding transdermal continuous sutures and interrupted sutures (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21‐0.60, P < .01). Five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated relevant data about dehiscence events. The incidence of continuous suture was significantly lesser than that of interrupted suture (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.07‐0.37, P < .01). There was no significant difference between the infection events rates of two suture methods (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.40‐1.21, P = .62, I2 = 0%). This systematic review indicated the superiority of both transdermal and subcutaneous continuous sutures over interrupted sutures in skin closure in terms of wound healing and cosmetic appearance.