bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic resistance of Shigella sonnei isolates
Authors: Pakbin Babak , Didban Abdollah , Brück Wolfram M , Alizadeh Mehdi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Shigellosis is one of the most important gastric infections caused by different species of Shigella, and has been regarded as a serious threat to public health. Lineage/sublineage profile of Shigella sonnei is strongly associated with the antibiotic resistance and population structure of this pathogen. In this study, we determined the phylogeny and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. sonnei strains, isolated from 1246 stool and 580 food samples, using multiplex PCR–HRMA genotyping and Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion methods, respectively. A total of 64 S. sonnei strains were isolated (13 food and 51 clinical isolates). Multiplex PCR–HMR assay was able to differentiate the lineages II and III, and sublineages IIIb and IIIc strains successfully considering the definite melting curves and temperatures. Lineage I and sublineage IIIa strain were not isolated in this study. We also demonstrated that most of the S. sonnei strains isolated from both food and clinical samples clustered within the lineage III and sublineage IIIc. Resistance against trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin antibiotics were the most prevalent phenotypes among the S. sonnei lineage III and sublineage IIIc strains.
Genome-wide mediation analysis: an empirical study to connect phenotype with genotype via intermediate transcriptomic data in maize
Authors: Yang Zhikai , Xu Gen , Zhang Qi , Obata Toshihiro , Yang Jinliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mapping genotype to phenotype is an essential topic in genetics and genomics research. As the Omics data become increasingly available, 2-variable methods have been widely applied to associate genotype with the phenotype (genome-wide association study), gene expression with the phenotype (transcriptome-wide association study), and genotype with gene expression. However, signals detected by these 2-variable association methods suffer from low mapping resolution or inexplicit causality between genotype and phenotype, making it challenging to interpret and validate the molecular mechanisms of the underlying genomic variations and the candidate genes. Under the context of genetics research, we hypothesized a causal chain from genotype to phenotype partially mediated by intermediate molecular processes, i.e. gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we applied the high-dimensional mediation analysis, a class of causal inference method with an assumed causal chain from the exposure to the mediator to the outcome, and implemented it with a maize association panel (N = 280 lines). Using 40 publicly available agronomy traits, 66 newly generated metabolite traits, and published RNA-seq data from 7 different tissues, our empirical study detected 736 unique mediating genes. Noticeably, 83/736 (11%) genes were identified in mediating more than 1 trait, suggesting the prevalence of pleiotropic mediating effects. We demonstrated that several identified mediating genes are consistent with their known functions. In addition, our results provided explicit hypotheses for functional validation and suggested that the mediation analysis is a powerful tool to integrate Omics data to connect genotype to phenotype.
Artificial Intelligence and Impression Management: Consequences of Autonomous Conversational Agents Communicating on One’s Behalf
Authors: Endacott Camille G , Leonardi Paul M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Artificially intelligent communication technologies (AICTs) that operate autonomously with high degrees of conversational fluency can make communication decisions on behalf of their principal users and communicate with those principals’ audiences on their behalf. In this study, we explore how the involvement of AICTs in communication activities shapes how principals engage in impression management and how their communication partners form impressions of them. Through an inductive, comparative field study of users of two AI scheduling technologies, we uncover three communicative practices through which principals engaged in impression management when AICTs communicate on their behalf: interpretation, diplomacy, and staging politeness. We also uncover three processes through which communication partners formed impressions of principals when communicating with them via AICTs: confirmation, transference, and compartmentalization. We show that communication partners can transfer impressions of AICTs to principals themselves and outline the conditions under which such transference is and is not likely. We discuss the implications of these findings for the study of technological mediation of impression management and formation in the age of artificial intelligence and present propositions to guide future empirical research.
It takes a community: exploring APPLE Schools’ impact within and beyond school walls in Canada
Authors: Klassen Danielle , Champion Claudine , Montemurro Genevieve , Flynn Jenn , Raine Kim , Storey Kate 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Childhood is a critical stage to develop healthy behaviours, and the school years are an important developmental period in which children are learning and growing. School-based health promotion interventions are increasingly using the comprehensive school health (CSH) approach that has been found effective at improving health behaviours, while adapting to the school and community context to create and sustain a healthy school culture. The interconnected environments of school, home and community are key to the CSH approach, however, there is minimal research that has been conducted to determine the impact at the community-level. This research used a qualitative multiple case study design to explore the influence of a school-based health promotion intervention, APPLE Schools, on the school and community environments from the perspectives of school staff in Alberta, Canada. Twenty-two participants participated in walking interviews in five schools. The walking interview approach combined interviewing and field observation and empowered participants to share their local expertise and knowledge within the context of school and community environments. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Four themes were identified: APPLE schools look different, APPLE Schools build champions, APPLE Schools builds community partnerships and APPLE Schools honours community culture. Health promotion practice in schools was uniquely adapted based on strengths and needs of each school and was broadly influenced by the community outside of school walls. In sum, it was found that school-based health promotion reaches beyond school walls and can influence the broader community environment.
HealthLit4Kids: teacher experiences of health literacy professional development in an Australian primary school setting
Authors: Otten Claire , Nash Rose , Patterson Kira 
Published: April 2022

SummaryHealth literacy (HL) is a critical asset for 21st century learners to possess given its positive impact on health outcomes and educational attainment. Concerningly, HL is an area that primary school teachers report having a lack of understanding, confidence, and ability to teach. The HealthLit4Kids initiative aimed to address this issue through a series of teacher professional development (PD) workshops. To evaluate how teachers experienced the PD, teacher evaluations collected at the completion of each of the workshops were analysed using a mixed methods approach. According to the teachers, the PD had improved their understanding of HL, including how to implement it into their practice. The study also found that the teachers perceived that collaborative practice was a key strength of the programme, and that at the end of the PD, teachers described valuing HL more in their practice. Teachers reported time as a major barrier to them implementing the professional learning and suggested further resources could help to mitigate this barrier. Additional research is required to help substantiate the claims made in this research. This study also highlights the critical need for additional HL resources for primary school teachers.
Effects of CB2 and TRPV1 Stimulation on Osteoclast Overactivity Induced by Iron in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Tortora Chiara , Di Paola Alessandra , Creoli, Mara , Argenziano Maura , Martinelli Massimo , Miele Erasmo , Rossi Francesca , Strisciuglio Caterina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The reduction of bone mineral density and osteoporosis have high impacts on the health of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We have previously shown that a dysregulated iron metabolism occurs in IBD and leads to a decrease in circulating iron concentration and excessive intracellular sequestration of iron. Studies suggest that iron overload significantly affects the bone, accelerating osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activation, promoting bone resorption. Moreover, we demonstrated that iron overload causes OC overactivity. The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) are potential therapeutic targets for bone diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors and of iron in the development of osteoporosis in pediatric IBD.

Methods
We differentiated OCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with IBD and healthy donors and evaluated CB2 and TRPV1 receptor expression; OC activity, and iron metabolism by Western blot, TRAP assays, bone resorption assays, and iron assays. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of the pharmacological modulation of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors on OC activity and on the iron metabolism.

Results
We confirmed the well-known roles of CB2 and TRPV1 receptors in bone metabolism and suggested that their stimulation can reduce the OC overactivity induced by iron, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of pediatric IBD-related bone resorption.

Conclusions
Stimulation of CB2 and TRPV1 could reduce IBD-related osteoporosis due to their direct effects on OC activity and to modulating the iron metabolism.
Use and Misuse of Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nelson Alfred D , Elkins Jaclyn R , Stocchi Luca , Farraye Francis A , Hashash Jana G 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalnutrition is a very common and often underrecognized condition among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This is most commonly due to increased nutritional requirements and gastrointestinal losses, along with reduced oral intake. Screening for malnutrition is an essential component of managing both inpatients and outpatients with IBD. Although enteral nutrition is the preferred route of supplementation, parenteral nutrition (PN) remains an important strategy and should be considered in certain situations, such as cases with short-bowel syndrome, high-output intestinal fistula, prolonged ileus, or small-bowel obstruction. Appropriate use of PN is critical in order to prevent associated complications. This review addresses the common indications for use of PN, the composition of PN, and the possible complications encountered with PN use, as well as scenarios of inappropriate PN use among patients with IBD. A clinical management algorithm for utilizing PN among patients with IBD is proposed in this review.
Evolutionary Patterns in Chemical Composition and Biomechanics of Articulated Coralline Algae
Authors: Janot Kyra G , Unda Faride , Mansfield Shawn D , Martone Patrick T 
Published: April 2022

Synopsis
Seaweeds inhabiting wave-battered coastlines are generally flexible, bending with the waves to adopt more streamlined shapes and reduce drag. Coralline algae, however, are firmly calcified, existing largely as crusts that avoid drag altogether or as upright branched forms with uncalcified joints (genicula) that confer flexibility to otherwise rigid thalli. Upright corallines have evolved from crustose ancestors independently multiple times, and the repeated evolution of genicula has contributed to the ecological success of articulated corallines worldwide. Structure and development of genicula are significantly different across evolutionary lineages, and yet biomechanical performance is broadly similar. Because chemical composition plays a central role in both calcification and biomechanics, we explored evolutionary trends in cell wall chemistry across crustose and articulated taxa. We compared the carbohydrate content of genicula across convergently evolved articulated species, as well as the carbohydrate content of calcified tissues from articulated and crustose species, to search for phylogenetic trends in cell wall chemistry during the repeated evolution of articulated taxa. We also analyzed the carbohydrate content of one crustose coralline species that evolved from articulated ancestors, allowing us to examine trends in chemistry during this evolutionary reversal and loss of genicula. We found several key differences in carbohydrate content between calcified and uncalcified coralline tissues, though the significance of these differences in relation to the calcification process requires more investigation. Comparisons across a range of articulated and crustose species indicated that carbohydrate chemistry of calcified tissues was generally similar, regardless of morphology or phylogeny; conversely, chemical composition of genicular tissues was different across articulated lineages, suggesting that significantly different biochemical trajectories have led to remarkably similar biomechanical innovations.
Adaptive Immunity in Reptiles: Conventional Components but Unconventional Strategies
Authors: Zimmerman Laura M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent studies have established that the innate immune system of reptiles is broad and robust, but the question remains: What role does the reptilian adaptive immune system play? Conventionally, adaptive immunity is described as involving T and B lymphocytes that display variable receptors, is highly specific, improves over the course of the response, and produces a memory response. While reptiles do have B and T lymphocytes that utilize variable receptors, their adaptive response is relatively non-specific, generates a prolonged antibody response, and does not produce a typical memory response. This alternative adaptive strategy may allow reptiles to produce a broad adaptive response that complements a strong innate system. Further studies into reptile adaptive immunity cannot only clarify outstanding questions on the reptilian immune system but can shed light on a number of important immunological concepts, including the evolution of the immune system and adaptive immune responses that take place outside of germinal centers.
Influence of landscape outside the window on the anxiety level of self-separation people during COVID-19
Authors: Liu Chao , Li Zhengru , Jing Xiaotong , Gao Weijun , Shi Jing , Cai Gangwei , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Windows are the communication medium between indoor and outdoor, but their influence and the corresponding landscape outside the window are often ignored due to the outdoor frequent activities of people. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a better choice to show the window performance, especially for the anxiety level alleviation of people isolated at home. A national survey was conducted on the anxiety of self-separation people and the window influence. The results showed that the average anxiety level was 1.54, between a little anxious and anxious, due to the COVID-19. The best satisfaction with the landscape outside the window was waterscape (2.98), followed by green plants (2.33) and buildings (0.83). During the COVID-19, the average number of overlook times increased by 1.49 times/day, which is higher 0.42 ties/day than the normal condition. The landscape types had the certain influence on the overlook frequency, the window opening times and even the anxiety level. The average anxiety levels are 1.36 and 1.68 with natural landscapes and human landscapes, respectively. Optimizing the landscapes outside the window plays an important role in alleviating the anxiety of residents and improving their mental health.
A Closed Subgroup of the Homeomorphism Group of the Circle with Property (T)
Authors: Duchesne Bruno 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe exhibit a topological group $G$ with property (T) acting nonelementarily and continuously on the circle. This group is an uncountable totally disconnected closed subgroup of ${\operatorname {Homeo}}^+(\textbf {S}^1)$. It has a large unitary dual since it separates points. It comes from homeomorphisms of dendrites and a kaleidoscopic construction. Alternatively, it can be seen as the group of elements preserving some specific geodesic lamination of the hyperbolic disk. We also prove that this action is unique up to conjugation and that it cannot be smoothened in any way. Finally, we determine the universal minimal flow of the group $G$.
Nakai–Moishezon Criterion for Adelic ℝ-Cartier Divisors
Authors: Ballaÿ François 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We prove a Nakai–Moishezon criterion for adelic ${\mathbb {R}}$-Cartier divisors, which is an arithmetic analogue of a theorem of Campana and Peternell. Our main result answers a question of Burgos Gil, Philippon, Moriwaki, and Sombra. We deduce it from the case of adelic Cartier divisors (due to Zhang) by continuity arguments and reductions involving a generalization of Zhang’s theorem on successive minima.
Gendered Distributive Injustice in Production Networks: Implications for the Regulation of Precarious Work
Authors: Marshall Shelley , Taylor Kate , Tödt Sara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper is concerned with how precarious work in gendered production networks can be regulated to address distributional injustices—examining the regulation of homework in Thailand as a case study. The contribution of this paper is to empirically analyse these outcomes of the organisation and governance of production as gendered distributional injustices. The analytic extends the distributive analysis employed by Shamir by applying feminist global production network scholarship developed by scholars such as Anne Tallontire, Catherine Dolan, Sally Smith, Wilma Dunaway and Stephanie Barrientos. Our aim is to capture the complex ways in which distributional injustices are created in gendered production networks by examining both distributional asymmetries between homeworkers and other actors along the value chain (vertical dynamics), as well as the way that local gender relations shape the social undervaluation of women’s home-based work (horizontal dynamics). We draw on rich empirical research to describe these distributional asymmetries for homeworkers in the North-East of Thailand who repair faults in fishing net production for global markets. A handful of countries in the Economic South have reformed labour regulation to address capitalist innovation resulting in new models of production and accumulation. Thailand joined these ranks in 2010, but this has gone without notice in the comparative labour regulation literature. We interrogate the extent that the gendered distributional injustices we identify are corrected through the interventions of Thai labour regulation. We compare the Thai approach with International Labour Organisation Convention 177 (1996) Homework (referred to herein as the ILO Homework Convention or C177). We conclude by suggesting ways that the Thai approach could be strengthened, drawing in places on examples of labour regulation advances in other countries.
lncRNA EGFR-AS1 facilitates leiomyosarcoma progression and immune escape via the EGFR–MYC–PD-L1 axis
Authors: Chen Mei-Ling , Fan Li , Huang Guang-Rong , Sun Zhi-Feng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aim
this study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) epidermal growth factor receptor antisense RNA 1 (EGFR-AS1), an antisense transcript of EGFR, in leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
levels of EGFR-AS1 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) were measured in LMS tissues and cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), as well as western blotting and/or immunohistochemical staining; flow cytometry was employed to validate the role of EGFR-AS1 in altering the activity of CD8+ T cells; interaction of EGFR-AS1 and EGFR was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and RNA pull-down; regulation of MYC on the PD-L1 promoter was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP); a xenograft in vivo tumor growth assay was applied to verify the EGFR-AS1/EGFR/MYC/PD-L1 axis in vivo.

Results
up-regulation of EGFR-AS1 and PD-L1 in LMS tissues was negatively correlated with CD8+ T-cell infiltration; EGFR-AS1 positively regulated PD-L1, thereby strengthening interaction of LMS cells and CD8+ T cells and triggering CD8+ T cell apoptosis via the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint; EGFR-AS1 co-localized and interacted with EGFR to promote MYC activity; MYC was identified as a transcriptional activator of PD-L1.

Conclusion
lncRNA EGFR-AS1 was demonstrated to increase PD-L1 expression through the EGFR/MYC pathway in LMS cells, thereby repressing T-cell infiltration and contributing to immune escape.
Effect of an intermolecular disulfide bond introduced into the first loop of CH1 domain of Adalimumab Fab on thermal stability and antigen-binding activity
Authors: Yoshikawa Moeka , Nakamura Hitomi , Oda-Ueda Naoko , Ueda Tadashi , Ohkuri Takatoshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The introduction of intermolecular disulfide bonds by amino acid mutations is an effective method for stabilizing dimeric proteins. X-ray crystal structure of Fab of a therapeutic antibody, adalimumab, revealed the first loop of the CH1 domain to be partially unsolved at position 135–141. To find new sites for the introduction of intermolecular disulfide bonds in adalimumab Fab, Fab mutants targeting the unsolved region were predicted using molecular simulation software. Four Fab mutants, H:K137C-L:I117C, H:K137C-L:F209C, H:S138C-L:F116C and H:S140C-L:S114C, were expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. SDS-PAGE analysis of these mutants indicated that H:K137C-L:F209C, H:S138C-L:F116C and H:S140C-L:S114C mutants mostly formed intermolecular disulfide bonds, whereas some H:K137C-L:I117C mutants formed intermolecular disulfide bonds and some did not. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed increased thermal stability in all Fab mutants with engineered disulfide bonds. The bio-layer interferometry measurements, for binding of the antigen tumor necrotic factor α, indicated that Fab mutants had less antigen-binding activity than wild-type Fab. In particular, the KD value of H:K137C-L:F209C was ~17 times higher than that of wild-type Fab. Thus, we successfully introduced intermolecular disulfide bonds between the first loop region of the CH1 and CL domains and observed that it increases the thermostability of Fab and affects the antigen-binding activity.
The Hard Problem of Prediction for Conflict Prevention
Authors: Mueller Hannes , Rauh Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article, we propose a framework to tackle conflict prevention, an issue which has received interest in several policy areas. A key challenge of conflict forecasting for prevention is that outbreaks of conflict in previously peaceful countries are rare events and therefore hard to predict. To make progress in this hard problem, this project summarizes more than four million newspaper articles using a topic model. The topics are then fed into a random forest to predict conflict risk, which is then integrated into a simple static framework in which a decision maker decides on the optimal number of interventions to minimize the total cost of conflict and intervention. According to the stylized model, cost savings compared to not intervening pre-conflict are over US$1 trillion even with relatively ineffective interventions and US$13 trillion with effective interventions.