bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Fault Diagnostic of the Aircraft Cross-Linking Systems
Authors: Ma Linlong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High complexity of modern civil aircraft system leads to a huge difficulty to its trouble-shooting. This paper firstly discussed the two main directions of improving the aircraft fault diagnosis capability, and then analysed the pain points encountered by the model-based troubleshooting method. For the pain points, the Colour Fuzzy Fault Petri Net (CFFPN) model was proposed. The basic principles of the model and the basic process of conducting forward and reverse reasoning diagnosis based on the model were illustrated. Then the application of reasoning process in system design integration and airline maintenance was expounded. Finally, a practical software prototype of the model was developed, and effectiveness of the method and model was demonstrated through applications in engineering practice.
Improving position resolution of neutron detectors with ultra-thin B4C foils
Authors: Duarte N.F.V. , Marcos J.S. , Antognini A. , Klauser C. , Felix S.A. , Monteiro C.M.B. , Amaro F.D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new technique for detection of slow neutrons with gaseous
detectors using ultra-thin layers with 10B atoms is
presented. The reaction between a thermal neutron and a 10B
atom releases two secondary particles, namely a 7Li ion and an
alpha particle, which due to momentum conservation are emitted in
opposite directions, along the same line (back to back). Current
boron coated neutron detectors are equipped with 10B films with
thicknesses of several micrometers, deposited on very thick
substrate plates. However, since the ranges of the 7Li ion and
the alpha particle are of few micrometeres in most materials, one of
these particles is always lost in the 10B layer or
substrate. As such, these detectors lose the ability to reconstruct
the reaction line of action and to precisely determine the neutron
position, as only one of the two secondary particles tracks can be
measured. With the technique now presented, the sum of the 10B
layer and the substrate thicknesses is small enough to allow for
both secondary particles to escape and ionize the gas in opposite
sides of the 10B converter foil. Independent readout
structures, one on each side of the 10B converter foil, detect
each secondary particle and determine its track centroid and the
deposited energy. Since the two secondary particles are emitted back
to back, the neutron position can be obtained by combining the
information recorded by the two readout structures. Through GEANT4
simulations, we verified that the spatial resolution can be
significantly improved: our results show that, by using a B4C
layer with a thickness of 1 μm on a 0.9 μm Mylar
substrate, the spatial resolution can by improved by a factor of
eight, compared to conventional detectors with thick 10B
detection layers.
The trend shift caused by ecological restoration accelerates the vegetation greening of China’s drylands since the 1980s
Authors: Li Zidong , Wang Shuai , Li Changjia , Ye Chongchong , Gao Dexin , Chen Peng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Satellite observations since the early 1980s have revealed a trend of ‘Earth greening’ across global terrestrial ecosystems. Dryland vegetation is more sensitive to climate change and human activities. China’s drylands are among the largest in extent worldwide, and large-scale ecological restoration of these areas has been implemented since the late 1970s, which has resulted in more complicated but still poorly quantified vegetation dynamics. To figure out the vegetation dynamics and associated driving forces, we provide an assessment of the vegetation dynamics from 1982 to 2015 using the CO2 fertilization effect function, principal component regression, Residual Trend analysis, and Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend methods based on the ERA5 climate factors and GIMMS 3.1 normalized difference vegetation index datasets. This study shows that anthropogenic impacts and CO2 fertilization have jointly led to vegetation greening in China’s drylands since the 1980s, and ecological restoration has accelerated this greening since the 2000s. The results show that the vegetation greening in China’s drylands (41.51% of the study area, +0.60 × 10−3 yr−1) is mainly driven by CO2 fertilization (+0.55 × 10−3 yr−1) and anthropogenic activities (+0.12 × 10−3 yr−1). The anthropogenic effects are especially higher on the Loess Plateau (+1.01 × 10−3 yr−1) and the Three-North region (+0.23 × 10−3 yr−1). The vegetation dynamics shifts in 6.73% (31.64 Mha) of China’s drylands were directly attributed to anthropogenic impacts around the 2000s. When the anthropogenic effect was intensified, the vegetation dynamics shifted from no change to greening and vice versa, which significantly intensified the vegetation greening since the 1980s. These results capture the processes of ecological programs and provide an assessment of the effects of ecological restoration. This work provides a credible attribution of the vegetation greenness dynamics and trend shifts in China’s drylands, thus facilitating a better understanding of regional environmental change and management.
Social-ecological interactions in a disaster context: Puerto Rican farmer households’ food security after Hurricane Maria
Authors: Rodríguez-Cruz Luis Alexis , Álvarez-Berríos Nora , Niles Meredith T 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIslands are uniquely vulnerable to extreme weather events and food insecurity, and have additional response challenges due to their limited landmasses and economies, isolation, colonial legacies, and high dependence of food imports. Domestic farmers have a key role in producing food for island communities like Puerto Rico, which can safeguard food security when food importation may be challenging. Nevertheless, in the context of disaster, farmers themselves may be vulnerable to food insecurity and unable to contribute to domestic markets. This paper examines Puerto Rican farmers households’ food security in the aftermath of 2017’s Hurricane Maria using a social-ecological lens. Survey data from 405 farmers gathered eight months after Maria, coupled with biophysical data from the hurricane’s impacts (winds, rains, and landslides), were analyzed. Overall, 69% of farmers experienced at least one month of food insecurity in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria, and 38% reported persistent food insecurity (three months or more). A multinomial logistic regression suggests that biophysical impacts, but especially social factors, such as age and constraint access to external sources of support, are linked with persistent food insecurity. This suggests that the biophysical impacts of the hurricane interact with existing infrastructure and social resources to affect farmer vulnerability and the food environment in different ways. Thus, strengthening adaptive capacity in multiple domains can help farmers and vulnerable populations better navigate the disruptions faced during disasters to alleviate food insecurity.
Patterns and causes of winter wheat and summer maize rotation area change over the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Zhengjia , Liu Yansui , Dong Jinwei , Baig Muhammad Hasan Ali , Chi Wenfeng , Peng Liuying , Wang Jieyong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cropland area and cropping frequency play very crucial roles in determining regional food production. However, rapid urbanization accompanied by declining surplus-agricultural labor force has greatly altered patterns of agriculture land use and cropping frequency. Due to lack of continuous cropland and cropland-use intensity maps, our knowledge is still limited to understand whether the urbanization process must have a negative effect for changes in cropland-use intensity. Herein, we took the North China Plain (NCP), both the largest winter wheat and summer maize rotation area and rapidly urbanized area in China, as the study area, and used 250 m moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer NDVI anomaly data, the correlation of NDVI time series in two neighboring years and machine learning algorithms to investigate spatiotemporal patterns and trends of cropland area and cropping frequency change over the NCP from 2000 to 2019. Results showed a significantly decreased cropland area observed since 2004 (slope = 783.8 km2 a−1, p < 0.01), while area of double-season cropping presented a relatively steady trend (slope = 446.9 km2 a−1, p = 0.335). As expected, decreased croplands were mainly occupied by urban and built-up land expansion, however, existing cropland-use intensity was yet improved. Patterns and trends of double-season cropping types were varied spatially. Particularly, the area of winter wheat and summer maize rotation presented a significantly increasing trend (slope = 3423.3 km2 a−1, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the respective area of winter wheat and summer maize both displayed significantly increasing trends with slope of 2953.8 and 2874.9 km2 a −1(p < 0.01) in entire period. Land-use and grain subsidy policies are considered as largely responsible for this phenomenon. These satellite-observed findings highlight that positive land-use policies and managements will be helpful for profitably keeping/improving the harvest area.
Recent development on fragmentation, aggregation and percolation
Authors: Hassan M K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, I have outlined how an accomplished researcher like Robert Ziff has influenced a new generation of researchers across the globe like gravity as an action-at-a-distance. In the 80s Ziff made significant contributions to the kinetics of fragmentation followed by the kinetics of aggregation. Here, I will discuss fractal and multifractal that emerges in fragmentation and aggregation processes where the dynamics is governed by non-trivial conservation laws. I have then discussed my recent works and results on percolation where I made extensive use of Newman–Ziff fast Monte Carlo algorithm. To this end, I have defined entropy which paved the way to define specific heat and show that the critical exponents of percolation obey Rushbrooke inequality. Besides, we discuss how entropy and order parameter together can help us to check whether the percolation is accompanied by order–disorder transition or not. The idea of entropy also help to explain why encouraging smaller cluster to grow faster than larger clusters makes the transition explosive.
Novel graphdiyne quantum dots for resistive random access memory
Authors: Guo Jie , Cao Xiaofei , Wang Fuhui , Jin Weiyue , Xiong Zecheng , Wang Jizheng , Liu Huibiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY), a rising allotropic form of carbon, exhibits a rich variety of electronic, optical and mechanical properties due to the unique π-conjugated structure. However, the processability of GDY into perovskite composites is a vital yet challenging area for further optimized applications. Herein, we synthesized a novel GDY quantum dots (QDs) via Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction between GDY and anthraquinones. The as-prepared GDY QDs show good solubility with perovskite precursor and the GDY QDs doped perovskite was obtained. The GDY QDs based perovskite resistive random access memory device shows reliable resistive switching behaviour with enhanced ON/OFF ratio of ∼103 and long endurance due to the optimized electrode/dielectric interface, which offers opportunities in electronic and optoelectronic fields.
Study of transmembrane ion transport under tonicity imbalance using a combination of low frequency-electrical impedance spectroscopy (LF-EIS) and improved ion transport model
Authors: Li Songshi , Kawashima Daisuke , Sugawara Michiko , Obara Hiromichi , Okeyo Kennedy Omondi , Takei Masahiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transmembrane ion transport under tonicity imbalance has been investigated using a combination of low frequency-electrical impedance spectroscopy (LF-EIS) and improved ion transport model, by considering the cell diameter d [m] and the initial intracellular ion concentration c

in
[mM] as a function of tonicity expressed by sucrose concentration c

s
[mM]. The transmembrane ion transport is influenced by extracellular tonicity conditions, leading to a facilitation/inhibition of ion passage through the cell membrane. The transmembrane transport coefficient P [m s−1], which represents the ability of transmembrane ion transport, is calculated by the extracellular ion concentrations obtained by improved ion transport model and LF-EIS measurement. P is calculated as 4.11 × 10−6 and 3.44 × 10−6 m s−1 at c

s
of 10 and 30 mM representing hypotonic condition, 2.44 × 10−6 m s−1 at c

s
of 50 mM representing isotonic condition, and 3.68 × 10−6, 5.16 × 10−6 , 9.51 × 10−6, and 14.89 × 10−6 m s−1 at c

s
of 75, 100, 125 and 150 mM representing hypertonic condition. The LF-EIS results indicate that the transmembrane ion transport is promoted under hypertonic and hypotonic conditions compared to isotonic condition. To verify the LF-EIS results, fluorescence intensity F [–] of extracellular potassium ions is observed to obtain the temporal distribution of average potassium ion concentration within the region of 3.6 μm from cell membrane interface c

ROI
[mM]. The slopes of ∆c

ROI

/c

ROI1 to time t are 0.0003, 0.0002, and 0.0006 under hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic conditions, where c

ROI1 denotes initial c

ROI
, which shows the same tendency with LF-EIS result that is verified by the potassium ion fluorescence observation.
A Survey of Applications of MFC and Recent Progress of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques and Applications, with competing fuel cells
Authors: Gyaneshwar Amogh , Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Ghimire Turusha , Mishra Saumya Jayanti , Gupta Shaily , Chadha Utkarsh , Manoharan Manikandan , Paramasivam Velmurugan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomorrow is a technology for Microbial fuel cells (MFC). It has attracted numerous studies for the continuous development of cell efficiency since the problem of the coming era can be resolved. Implementing artificial learning and machine learning is a change that can effectively achieve the goals. A microbial fuel cell is a complex non-linear procedure that preferably requires a strategy that is not a linear control strategy for the most favorable outcome. The practical and feasible ways to tackle non-linearity existing in the Microbial Fuel Cell, instead of making a computationally tedious and heavy non-linear control strategy a superior single linear model or scheduling or multiple model-oriented control techniques. Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence help reduce computation and model costs. It saves time and is more efficient than previously used manual methods, which are now obsolete. In order to find the most accurate results, the study would compare all currently available research efforts and focus on implementing Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning concepts within the Microbial Fuel Cell and comparison with other fuel cells.
Developing an agent-based platform to monitor intelligent buildings
Authors: Nagadi Khalid , Basingab Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent times, significant advancements have been evidenced in efforts to enhance connectivity and security within intelligent buildings (IBs). An IB is a contemporary structure that leverages state-of-the-art computer technologies to autonomously control the environmental conditions within a building to enhance occupants’ comfort, safety, work efficiency, and wellbeing while also ensuring optimal energy consumption. In the access aspect of a telecommunication network for IBs, the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is in the central office. Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDFs) act as the isolation points for additional troubleshooting and further distribute the lines. The MDF is essentially a circuit switch that is typically operated through manual intervention because requests to establish or remove connections are sporadic and occasional. This can be tackled by utilizing Agent Based Systems (ABS) and Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring systems to develop a more holistic perspective of the process by which IDFs and MDF rooms are maintained. Furthermore, it will generate a process overview if we eradicate the process of physically checking a room that is currently used for IoT monitoring. In this research, a case study is presented to determine the feasibility of developing an IoT monitoring system. Currently, the monitoring applied in the case study is long, and over 40% of the equipment has maintenance failures. Distributed simulation of ABS is used to simulate the use of IoT for this project. Its data forecast can be very useful in determining the appropriate actions to improve the process of IDF and MDF and operational cost.
On the essential norms of singular integral operators with constant coefficients and of the backward shift
Authors: Karlovych Oleksiy , Shargorodsky Eugene 
Published: March 2022

Let

X
X

be a rearrangement-invariant Banach function space on the unit circle

T

\mathbb {T}

and let

H
[
X
]

H[X]

be the abstract Hardy space built upon

X
X

. We prove that if the Cauchy singular integral operator

(
H
f
)
(
t
)
=

1

π
i

∫

T

f
(
τ
)

τ
−
t

d
τ

(Hf)(t)=\frac {1}{\pi i}\int _{\mathbb {T}}\frac {f(\tau )}{\tau -t}\,d\tau

is bounded on the space

X
X

, then the norm, the essential norm, and the Hausdorff measure of non-compactness of the operator

a
I
+
b
H

aI+bH

with

a
,
b
∈

C

a,b\in \mathbb {C}

, acting on the space

X
X

, coincide. We also show that similar equalities hold for the backward shift operator

(
S
f
)
(
t
)
=
(
f
(
t
)
−

f
^

(
0
)
)

/

t

(Sf)(t)=(f(t)-\widehat {f}(0))/t

on the abstract Hardy space

H
[
X
]

H[X]

. Our results extend those by Krupnik and Polonskiĭ [Funkcional. Anal. i Priloz̆en. 9 (1975), pp. 73-74] for the operator

a
I
+
b
H

aI+bH

and by the second author [J. Funct. Anal. 280 (2021), p. 11] for the operator

S
S

.
Christine Jorgensen in Cuba
Authors: Lambe Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
What should we do with archival dead ends, those enticing finds that never seem to go anywhere? There’s one such lead that I haven’t been able to shake. In 1953, Christine Jorgensen, the world’s first transgender celebrity, traveled to Cuba for a series of performances at the world-famous Tropicana Club. Though the documentary record attached to the trip is sparse, Cubans continued to talk about it, and Jorgensen, for years to come. Here, I reckon with what we do and don’t know about the imprint she left on the island’s sexual culture, especially following the transformations ushered in by the 1959 revolution.
The US Midlife Mortality Crisis Continues: Excess Cause-Specific Mortality During 2020
Authors: Glei Dana A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Whether monthly excess mortality in the United States during 2020 varied by age and cause of death is investigated in this analysis. Based on national-level death counts and population estimates for 1999–2020, sex-specific negative binomial regression models were used to estimate monthly cause-specific excess mortality by age group during 2020. Among men, 71% non-COVID excess deaths occurred at working ages (25–64 years), but those ages accounted for only 36% of non-COVID excess deaths among women. Many excess deaths resulted from external causes (particularly among men), heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer disease (particularly among women), and cerebrovascular disease. For men, the largest share of non-COVID excess deaths resulted from external causes, nearly 80% of which occurred at working ages. Although incorrectly classified COVID-19 deaths may explain some excess non-COVID mortality, misclassification is unlikely to explain the increase in external causes of death. Auxiliary analyses suggested that drug-related deaths may be driving the increase in external mortality, but drug overdoses were already increasing for a full year before the pandemic. The oldest Americans bore the brunt of COVID-19 deaths, but working-age Americans, particularly men, suffered substantial numbers of excess non-COVID deaths, most commonly from external causes and heart disease.
Computational approaches for direct cell reprogramming: from the bulk omics era to the single cell era
Authors: Tran Andy , Yang Pengyi , Yang Jean Y H , Ormerod John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in direct cell reprogramming have made possible the conversion of one cell type to another cell type, offering a potential cell-based treatment to many major diseases. Despite much attention, substantial roadblocks remain including the inefficiency in the proportion of reprogrammed cells of current experiments, and the requirement of a significant amount of time and resources. To this end, several computational algorithms have been developed with the goal of guiding the hypotheses to be experimentally validated. These approaches can be broadly categorized into two main types: transcription factor identification methods which aim to identify candidate transcription factors for a desired cell conversion, and transcription factor perturbation methods which aim to simulate the effect of a transcription factor perturbation on a cell state. The transcription factor perturbation methods can be broken down into Boolean networks, dynamical systems and regression models. We summarize the contributions and limitations of each method and discuss the innovation that single cell technologies are bringing to these approaches and we provide a perspective on the future direction of this field.
Glomerulonephritis with non-Randall-type, non-cryoglobulinaemic monoclonal immunoglobulin G deposits (PGNMID and ITG)
Authors: Fourdinier Ophélie , Ulrich Marc , Karras Alexandre , Olagne Jérôme , Buob David , Audard Vincent , Vigneau Cécile , Gibier Jean-Baptiste , Guerrot Dominique , Massy Ziad , Vuiblet Vincent , Rabot Nolwenn , Goujon Jean-Michel , Cordonnier Carole , Choukroun Gabriel , Titeca-Beauport Dimitri 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Glomerulonephritis (GN) with non-Randall-type, non-cryoglobulinaemic monoclonal immunoglobulin G deposits encompasses rare diseases [proliferative GN with non-organized deposits (PGNMID) and immunotactoid GN] that cannot be distinguished without ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy (EM).

Methods
Here, we report and analyse the prognosis of 41 EM-proven (PGNMID for 39/41) and 22 non-EM-proven/DNAJB9-negative cases, diagnosed between 2001 and 2019 in 12 French nephrology centres.

Results
Median (interquartile range) serum creatinine (SCr) at presentation was 150 (92–256) µmol/L. The predominant histological pattern was membranoproliferative GN (79%), with IgG3 (74%) kappa (78%) deposits the most frequently observed. Disease presentation and patient management were similar between EM-proven and non-EM-proven cases. A serum monoclonal spike was detected for 21 patients and 10 had an underlying haematological malignancy. First-line therapy was mixed between clone-targeted therapy (n = 33), corticosteroids (n = 9) and RAAS inhibitors (n = 19). After 6 months, nine patients achieved complete and 23 partial renal recovery. In univariate analysis, renal recovery was associated with baseline SCr (odds ratio 0.70, P = 0.07). After a median follow-up of 52 (35–74) months, 38% of patients had progressed to end-stage kidney disease independently associated with baseline SCr [hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, P = 0.003] and glomerular crescentic proliferation (HR 4.38, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
Our results confirm that non-cryoglobulinaemic and non-Randall GN with monoclonal IgG deposits are rarely associated with haematological malignancy. The prognosis is uncertain but may be improved by early introduction of a specific therapy.