bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanosensory pathways of scorpion pecten hair sensillae—Adjustment of body height and pecten position
Authors: Drozd Denise , Wolf Harald , Stemme Torben 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScorpions’ sensory abilities are intriguing, especially the rather enigmatic ventral comb‐like chemo‐ and mechanosensory organs, the so‐called pectines. Attached ventrally to the second mesosomal segment just posterior to the coxae of the fourth walking leg pair, the pectines consist of the lamellae, the fulcra, and a variable number of pecten teeth. The latter contain the bimodal peg sensillae, used for probing the substrate with regard to chemo‐ and mechanosensory cues simultaneously. In addition, the lamellae, the fulcra and the pecten teeth are equipped with pecten hair sensillae (PHS) to gather mechanosensory information. Previously, we have analyzed the neuronal pathway associated with the peg sensillae unraveling their somatotopic projection pattern in dedicated pecten neuropils. Little is known, however, regarding the projections of PHS within the scorpion nervous system. Behavioral and electrophysiological assays showed involvement of PHS in reflexive responses but how the information is integrated remains unresolved. Here, we unravel the innervation pattern of the mechanosensory pecten hair afferents inMesobuthus eupeusandEuscorpius italicus. By using immunofluorescent labeling and injection of Neurobiotin tracer, we identify extensive arborizations of afferents, including (i) ventral neuropils, (ii) somatotopically organized multisegmental sensory tracts, (iii) contralateral branches via commissures, and (iv) direct ipsilateral innervation of walking leg neuromeres 3 and 4. Our results suggest that PHS function as sensors to elicit reflexive adjustment of body height and obstacle avoidance, mediating accurate pecten teeth alignment to guarantee functionality of pectines, which are involved in fundamental capacities like mating or navigation.
Sotrovimab Lowers the Risk of COVID‐19 Related Hospitalization or Death in a Large Population Cohort in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Saheb Sharif‐Askari Fatemeh , Ali Hussain Alsayed Hawra , Tleyjeh Imad , Saheb Sharif‐Askari Narjes , Al Sayed Hussain Ali , Saddik Basema , Hamid Qutayba , Halwani Rabih 
Published: July 2022

Sotrovimab, an anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibody is being utilized to prevent progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Therefore, to understand its benefits, we have conducted a retrospective analysis of all non‐hospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID‐19 who received a single infusion of sotrovimab and/or oral favipiravir at any Dubai COVID‐19 related healthcare center between July 1, 2021, and October 31, 2021. The main outcome was to evaluate the risk of hospitalization for patients with COVID‐19 or all‐cause death within 28 days of treatment initiation. In this analysis, which included 10,882 patients (1,135 in the sotrovimab group, 2,653 in the sotrovimab/favipiravir group, and 7,094 in the favipiravir group), sotrovimab or sotrovimab/favipiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization (13 patients (1.5%) in the sotrovimab group and 71 patients (2.9%) in the sotrovimab/favipiravir group vs. 251 patients (4%) in the favipiravir group; hazard ratio (HR) for sotrovimab: 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.28, P < 0.001; and for sotrovimab/favipiravir, HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32–0.56, P < 0.001), or death by day 28 from the start of treatment (no death in the sotrovimab group and 2 deaths in the the sotrovimab/favipiravir group vs. 10 deaths in the favipiravir group; odds ratio: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.81, P = 026). Safety was assessed in all the 3,788 patients in the sotrovimab and sotrovimab/favipiravir groups, and the reported adverse events were by 34 patients (<1%). In conclusion, sotrovimab was found to reduce the risk of progression of COVID‐19 when administrated early to non‐hospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID‐19. No safety concern was detected.
The potential and realized foraging movements of bees are differentially determined by body size and sociality
Authors: Kendall Liam K. , Mola John M. , Portman Zachary M. , Cariveau Daniel P. , Smith Henrik G. , Bartomeus Ignasi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReversing biodiversity declines requires a better understanding of organismal mobility, as movement processes dictate the scale at which species interact with the environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that species foraging ranges, and therefore, habitat use increases with body size. Yet, foraging ranges are also affected by other life‐history traits, such as sociality, which influence the need of and ability to detect resources. We evaluated the effect of body size and sociality on potential and realized foraging ranges using a compiled dataset of 383 measurements for 81 bee species. Potential ranges were larger than realized ranges and increased more steeply with body size. Highly eusocial species had larger realized foraging ranges than primitively eusocial or solitary taxa. We contend that potential ranges describe species movement capabilities, whereas realized ranges depict how foraging movements result from interactions between species traits and environmental conditions. Furthermore, the complex communication strategies and large colony sizes in highly eusocial species may facilitate foraging over wider areas in response to resource depletion. Our findings should contribute to a greater understanding of landscape ecology and conservation, as traits that influence movement mediate species vulnerability to habitat loss and fragmentation.
The Photocatalytic Oxidation Ability of Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 with Classic β‐Pyrochlore Structure
Authors: Fukina Diana G. , Koryagin Andrey V. , Titaev Dmitry N. , Suleimanov Eugeny V. , Kirillova Natalia I. , Boryakov Aleksey V. , Mitin Aleksandr V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPreviously the non‐cubic β‐pyrochlore polycrystalline compounds Rb0.95NbxMo2‐xO6.475‐0.5x (x=1.31–1.663) have been obtained in the ternary system Rb2O‐Nb2O5‐2MoO3. However, using special synthesis condition leads to the formation of cubic Fd‐3m β‐pyrochlore Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 with small size particles and surface area of 15 m2/g. The Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 powder has been investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray microanalysis. The crystal structure refinement has been performed using the Rietveld method. The electronic structure and optical band gap of Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 have been studied in comparison to similar non‐cubic composition Rb0.95Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.66. The photocatalytic properties of Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 have been investigated on the example for dyes solution oxidation under UV irradiation. The dependence on the photocatalytic properties of dye type and catalyst mass has been studied. It has been observed that the main oxidative species for dye oxidation is hydroxyl radicals. The phase and composition stability of catalyst powder have been confirmed.
α‐Ketobutyrate Production under Continuous‐Flow Conditions Catalyzed by Immobilized L‐Methionine γ‐Lyase
Authors: Jorge Jessica M. , de M. Silva Marcus V. , Brêda Gabriela C. , de Souza Camilla P. , Leão Raquel A. C. , Almeida Rodrigo V. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstractl‐Methionine γ‐lyase (MGL) is a PLP‐dependent enzyme which catalyzes the α, γ‐elimination reaction in sulfur containing amino acids, such as L‐methionine and L‐cysteine. Its major applications are on metabolic restriction of methionine to cancer cells, food industry (cheese flavor) and for the synthesis of d and l‐homoalanine. Herein, we present the immobilization and use of this new immobilized biocatalyst under batch and continuous‐flow conditions. The best optimized continuous‐flow condition allowed 89 % conversion in 30 min of residence time with good recyclability of the biocatalyst.
Total Synthesis of Isosilybin B
Authors: Inai Makoto , Ueno Yoshinori , Sagara Hiroto , Ouchi Hitoshi , Yoshimura Fumihiko , Kan Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report the first total synthesis of isosilybin B (4). Our synthetic strategy features the modified Julia‐Kocienski olefination reaction developed in our laboratory between m‐NPT sulfone 19 and aldehyde 27, the construction of benzodihydropyran 34 via formation of a quinomethide intermediate under acidic conditions and the oxidation of benzodihydropyran to flavanonol 37.
Gram‐Scale Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Dinaphthothiepine Bisimides as Soluble Precursors for Perylene Bisimides
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Matsuo Kyohei , Yamada Hiroko , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPreparation of organic semiconductors by solution processes is desirable to create flexible electronic devices. The use of soluble precursors, which exhibit high solubility in common organic solvents and afford the corresponding semiconducting molecules upon appropriate external stimuli such as heat and light, is a promising approach to realize this goal. Our group recently reported new soluble precursors, namely dinaphtho[1,8‐bc:1′,8′‐ef]thiepine bisimide (DNTBI) and its sulfoxide, which afforded perylene bisimide, a representative n‐type organic semiconductor, upon heating or light‐irradiation. In this work, we report the second‐generation synthetic route to DNTBI, which enabled gram‐scale and diversity‐oriented preparation of various N‐substituted DNTBIs. We also disclosed the suitable combination of leaving group (S or SO), external stimulus (heat or light), and N‐substituent to realize efficient charge transport.
Sustainable production of healthy, affordable food in theUK: The pros and cons of plasticulture
Authors: Cusworth Samuel J. , Davies William J. , McAinsh Martin R. , Stevens Carly J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn evolving green agenda as the UK seeks to achieve ‘net zero’ in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, coupled with our new trading relationship with the European Union, is resulting in new government policies, which will be disruptive to Britain's traditional food and farming practices. These policies encourage sustainable farming and land‐sparing to restore natural habitats and will provide an opportunity to address issues such as high emissions of GHGs and dwindling biodiversity resulting from many intensive agricultural practices. To address these and other food challenges such as global conflicts and health issues, Britain will need a revolution in its food system. The aim of this paper is to make the case for such a food revolution where additional healthy food for the UK population is produced in‐country in specialised production units for fruits and vegetables developed on sites previously considered unsuitable for crop production. High crop productivity can be achieved in low‐cost controlled environments, making extensive use of novel crop science and modern controlled‐environment technology. Such systems must be operated with very limited environmental impact. In recent years, growth in the application of plasticulture in UK horticulture has driven some increases in crop yield, quality and value. However, the environmental cost of plastic production and plastic pollution is regarded as a generational challenge that faces the earth system complex. The distribution of plastic waste is ubiquitous, with a significant pollution load arising from a range of agricultural practices. The primary receptor of agriplastic pollution is agricultural soil. Impacts of microplastics on crop productivity and quality and also on human health are only now being investigated. This paper explores the possibility that we can mitigate the adverse environmental effects of agriplastics and thereby exploit the potential of plasticulture to enhance the productivity and positive health impact of UK horticulture.
Option pricing with maximum entropy densities: The inclusion of higher‐order moments
Authors: Ardakani Omid M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEntropy pricing applies notions of information theory to derive the theoretical value of options. This paper employs the maximum entropy (ME) formulation of option pricing, given risk‐neutral moment constraints computed directly from the observed prices. First, higher‐order moments are used to generate option prices. Then a generalization of Shannon entropy, known as Renyi entropy, is studied to account for extreme events. This ME problem provides a class of heavy‐tailed distributions. Examples and Monte Carlo simulations are provided to examine the effects of moment constraints on option prices. The call option values are then constructed using daily Standard and Poor's 500 index options. The findings suggest that entropy pricing with higher‐order moment constraints provides higher forecasting accuracy.
The impact of pharmacist‐led interventions on blood pressure control among patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Okoro Roland Nnaemeka , Umate Ibrahim , Ohieku John David , Yakubu Sani Ibn , Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionOnly about 50% of patients with high blood pressure (BP) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) comorbidity have their BP controlled.ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to determine whether pharmacist‐led interventions reduce mean BP and improve BP control in hypertensive patients with CKD compared with usual care.MethodsThis 12‐month prospective, double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at two major hospitals in Nigeria. Seventy‐four participants were randomized to the usual care arm serving as the control and 73 participants were randomized to the intervention arm. The intervention arm received home BP monitors, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological (education and training on self‐management of CKD and hypertension, and text messages) interventions.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between the intervention (n = 73) and usual care (n = 74) participants. However, significantly more females were in the intervention arm compared with the usual care arm (71.2% vs 52.7%; P = .021). Compared with the usual care arm, systolic BP (SBP) significantly decreased by 7.12 mmHg from baseline (P = .020) in the intervention arm. Higher proportions of patients gained BP control from baseline to 6 months (27.4% vs 13.5%, P = .095), and from baseline to 12 months (20.5% vs 8.1%, P = .096) in the intervention arm than the usual care. There were no statistical differences, but clinical differences were observed.ConclusionThis trial demonstrates that including a clinical pharmacist in a team care setting can improve BP reduction and control in patients with CKD and hypertension.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05254392.
SIRT3 attenuates coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients by regulating endothelial cell function
Authors: Gong Huiping , Liu Jing , Xue Zhiwei , Wang Wenwen , Li Cuicui , Xu Fanfan , Du Yimeng , Lyu Xiaona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the relationship between the Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) gene and endothelial cell dysfunction, contributing to the progression of coronary atherosclerosis driven by hyperglycemia.MethodsWe measured serum SIRT3 levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 95 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (n = 45) or absence (n = 50) of coronary artery disease (CAD). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) grown in vitro in a medium with various concentrations of glucose (5.5, 11, 16.5, 22, 27.5, 33, and 38.5 mM) for 24 h were assessed for protein expression of SIRT3, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) using Western blot analysis. HAECs were subjected to SIRT3 overexpression or inhibition through SIRT3 adenovirus and siRNA transfection.ResultsSerum SIRT3 levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients with CAD than in those without CAD (p = 0.048). The in vitro results showed that HG significantly increased SIRT3, PPAR‐α, and eNOS protein expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, iNOS expression was decreased in HAECs in response to HG. Reduced PPAR‐α and eNOS levels and increased iNOS levels were observed in SIRT3 silenced HAECs cells. In contrast, SIRT3 overexpression significantly improved PPAR‐α and eNOS expression and suppressed iNOS expression.ConclusionSIRT3 was associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in T2DM patients through upregulation of PPAR‐α and eNOS and downregulation of iNOS, which are involved in endothelial dysfunction under hyperglycemic conditions.
Multiple diagnostic methods for mucormycosis: A retrospective case series
Authors: Wang JiaXin , Wang YaoMin , Han Fei , Chen JiangHua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal disease with high mortality. Early diagnosis and targeted drugs are crucial to improving clinical outcomes.MethodsWe searched the electronic hospital database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine for adult patients with mucormycosis between 2000 and 2021. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected and compared with the data in the relevant literature.ResultsEleven cases of mucormycosis—four of multisite infection, one of skin infection, five of lung infection, and one of gastrointestinal infection—were found and analyzed. The patients were diagnosed mainly based on pathological and histological findings, and three patients had metagenomic next‐generation sequencing findings. Delayed diagnosis (i.e., diagnosis >7 days after patient admission or >30 days after onset of symptoms) results in poor prognosis compared with early diagnosis.ConclusionsImproving awareness and shortening diagnosis time may improve the prognosis of mucormycosis. If mucormycosis is suspected, appropriate samples should be collected as soon as possible and submitted for biopsy, culture, or mNGS to confirm the diagnosis.
Examining the nuance in adolescents’ police encounters: Positive, negative, or both?
Authors: Fix Rebecca L. , Jackson Dylan B. , Jindal Monique 
Published: July 2022

AbstractYouth−police encounters reflect a pivotal point for intervention to improve police−community relations. Data from 454 youths (M = 15.1 years) included brief written descriptions of positive and negative experiences with a police officer and perceptions of police using Likert‐scale items. Participating youths described both positive (46%) and negative (60%) experiences with police. Besides decidedly positive experiences, youths also responded to the positive experiences prompt with ambiguous situations (46%) that involved the arrest of the youth or their family (procedural or distributive justice). Examples of ambiguous self‐described positive experiences included, “Restraining order,” “My dad went to prison,” and “When I was arrested in location redacted, the officer was kind and didn't put me in cuffs.” Results from regressions indicated youths’ perceptions of police were more often associated with the absence of positive experiences than specific positive or negative experiences. Study findings have implications for police trainings and future research on youth−police encounters.
Expanding the view of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy pathway
Authors: Majeed Sheikh Tahir , Majeed Rabiya , Andrabi Khurshid I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved multistep degradation mechanism in eukaryotes, that maintains cellular homoeostasis by replenishing cells with nutrients through catabolic lysis of the cytoplasmic components. This critically coordinated pathway involves sequential processing events that begin with initiation, nucleation, and elongation of phagophores, followed by the formation of double‐membrane vesicles known as autophagosomes. Finally, autophagosomes migrate towards and fuse with lysosomes in mammals and vacuoles in yeast and plants, for the eventual degradation of the intravesicular cargo. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular events that define the process of autophagy.
Effects of whole‐orchard recycling on nitrate leaching potential in almond production systems
Authors: Jahanzad Emad , Brewer Kelsey M. , Poret‐Peterson Amisha T. , Culumber Catherine M. , Holtz Brent A. , Gaudin Amélie C. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInefficient nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation have led to unhealthy nitrate levels in groundwater bodies of agricultural areas in California. Simultaneously, high commodity prices and drought have encouraged perennial crop growers to turnover less‐productive orchards, providing opportunities to recycle tree biomass in situ and to use high‐carbon (C) residues to conserve soil and water resources. Although climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits of high‐C soil amendments have been shown, uncertainties remain regarding the benefits and trade‐offs of this practice for N cycling and retention. We used established almond [Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D. A. Webb] orchard trials on Hanford fine sandy loam with short‐term and long‐term biomass recycling legacies to better understand the changes in N dynamics and retention capacity associated with this practice. In a soil column experiment, labeled N fertilizer was added and traced into various N pools, including microbial biomass and inorganic fractions in soil and leachate. Shifts in microbial communities were characterized using the abundance of key N cycling functional genes regulating nitrification and denitrification processes. Our findings showed that, in the short term, biomass recycling led to N immobilization within the orchard biomass incorporation depth zone (0–15 cm) without impacts on N leaching potential. However, this practice drastically reduced nitrate leaching potential by 52%, 10 yr after biomass incorporation without an increase in N immobilization. Although the timing of these potential benefits as a function of microbial population and C and N biogeochemical cycles still needs to be clarified, our results highlight the potential of this practice to meaningfully mitigate nitrate discharges into groundwater while conserving soil resources.
Changes in nitrogen and phosphorus within a decade in waters along a major canal and estuary in South Florida
Authors: Rodriguez Andres F. , Tootoonchi Mohsen , Daroub Samira H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe West Palm Beach‐C51 (WPB‐C51) canal connects Lake Okeechobee with Lake Worth Lagoon (LWL) in South Florida. This canal receives discharges from Lake Okeechobee and from agricultural and urbanized areas. The objectives of this research were to determine spatial and temporal differences and trends of N and P forms along the WPB‐C51 canal and LWL for 2009–2019. Data were obtained from the South Florida Water Management District. Average total P (TP) and total N (TN) concentrations at studied stations ranged from 55 to 183 μg L−1 and from 0.61 to 2.62 mg L−1, respectively. The TP and TN concentrations at LWL inflow were higher than the State of Florida's regulatory criteria (49 μg L−1 and 0.66 mg L−1, respectively). The TP and TN concentrations generally declined from Lake Okeechobee to LWL; however, agricultural drainage was highest for soluble reactive P (SRP) and all N forms. Temporal trends showed predominantly increasing trends for concentrations of P forms. Total P and TN load rates increased by 0.005 and 0.032 t yr−1, respectively, at LWL inflow. Results suggest nutrient assimilation by plants and P precipitation along the WPB‐C51 canal. Possible sources of SRP and N are fertilizers, nitrification, and organic matter mineralization. Increasing trends in P concentration are possibly due to legacy P and urbanization, and increases in TP and TN loads can be due to larger Lake Okeechobee discharges and higher nutrient concentrations. Results emphasize the need to implement strategies to minimize nutrient input into LWL to meet its water quality goals.