bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operando Converting BiOCl into Bi2O2(CO3)xCly for Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate
Authors: Fu Huai Qin , Liu Junxian , Bedford Nicholas M. , Wang Yun , Wright Joshua , Liu Peng Fei , Wen Chun Fang , Wang Liang , Yin Huajie , Qi Dongchen , Liu Porun , Yang Hua Gui , Zhao Huijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBismuth-based materials (e.g., metallic, oxides and subcarbonate) are emerged as promising electrocatalysts for converting CO2 to formate. However, Bio-based electrocatalysts possess high overpotentials, while bismuth oxides and subcarbonate encounter stability issues. This work is designated to exemplify that the operando synthesis can be an effective means to enhance the stability of electrocatalysts under operando CO2RR conditions. A synthetic approach is developed to electrochemically convert BiOCl into Cl-containing subcarbonate (Bi2O2(CO3)xCly) under operando CO2RR conditions. The systematic operando spectroscopic studies depict that BiOCl is converted to Bi2O2(CO3)xCly via a cathodic potential-promoted anion-exchange process. The operando synthesized Bi2O2(CO3)xCly can tolerate − 1.0 V versus RHE, while for the wet-chemistry synthesized pure Bi2O2CO3, the formation of metallic Bio occurs at − 0.6 V versus RHE. At − 0.8 V versus RHE, Bi2O2(CO3)xCly can readily attain a FEHCOO- of 97.9%, much higher than that of the pure Bi2O2CO3 (81.3%). DFT calculations indicate that differing from the pure Bi2O2CO3-catalyzed CO2RR, where formate is formed via a *OCHO intermediate step that requires a high energy input energy of 2.69 eV to proceed, the formation of HCOO− over Bi2O2(CO3)xCly has proceeded via a *COOH intermediate step that only requires low energy input of 2.56 eV.
Intact moral decision-making in adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Edwards Malcolm , Morrow Emily L. , Duff Melissa C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and aim:Deficits in decision-making are a common consequence of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Less is known, however, about how individuals with TBI perform on moral decision-making tasks. To address this gap in the literature, the current study probed moral decision-making in a sample of individuals with TBI using a widely employed experimental measure.Methods/hypothesis:We administered a set of 50 trolley-type dilemmas to 31 individuals with TBI and 31 demographically matched, neurotypical comparison participants. We hypothesized that individuals with TBI would be more likely to offer utilitarian responses to personal dilemmas than neurotypical peers.Results:In contrast to our hypothesis, we observed that individuals with TBI were not more likely to offer utilitarian responses for personal dilemmas.Conclusion:Our results suggest that moral decision-making ability is not uniformly impaired following TBI. Rather, neuroanatomical (lesion location) and demographic (age at injury) characteristics may be more predictive of a disruption in moral decision-making than TBI diagnosis or injury severity alone. These results inform the neurobiology of moral decision-making and have implications for characterizing patterns of spared and impaired cognitive abilities in TBI.
Abstract Argumentation and Answer Set Programming: Two Faces of Nelson’s Logic
Authors: FANDINNO JORGE , FARIÑAS DEL CERRO LUIS 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we show that both logic programming and abstract argumentation frameworks can be interpreted in terms of Nelson’s constructive logic N4. We do so by formalising, in this logic, two principles that we call noncontradictory inference and strengthened closed world assumption: the first states that no belief can be held based on contradictory evidence while the latter forces both unknown and contradictory evidence to be regarded as false. Using these principles, both logic programming and abstract argumentation frameworks are translated into constructive logic in a modular way and using the object language. Logic programming implication and abstract argumentation supports become, in the translation, a new implication connective following the noncontradictory inference principle. Attacks are then represented by combining this new implication with strong negation. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP).
A Simple Model for Tropical Convective Cloud Shield Area Growth and Decay Rates Informed by Geostationary IR, GPM, and Aqua/AIRS Satellite Data
Authors: Elsaesser Gregory S. , Roca Rémy , Fiolleau Thomas , Del Genio Anthony D. , Wu Jingbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeep convective system maximum areal extent is driven by the stratiform anvil area since convective area fractions are much less than unity when systems reach peak size. It is important to understand the processes that drive system size given the impact large systems have on rainfall and that of anvils on high cloud feedbacks. Using satellite diabatic heating and convective‐stratiform information mapped to convective systems, composite analyses suggest that system maximum sizes occur at the temporal mid‐point of system lifecycles with both maximum size and duration correlating with peak heating above the melting level. However, variations in system growth rates exist, with the overall smooth composites emerging as the average of highly variable system trajectories. Thus, this study focuses on understanding convective system growth rates on short (30‐min) timescales via development of a simple analytical source—sink model that predicts system area changes. Growth occurs when detrained convective mass (inferred from the vertical gradient of diabatic heating and temperature lapse rates) and/or generation of convective area exceeds a sink term whose magnitude is proportional to the current cloud shield size. The model works well for systems over land and ocean, and for systems characterized by varying degrees of convective organization and duration (1.5–35 hr, with correlations often >0.8 across lifetime bins). The model may serve as a useful foundation for improved understanding of processes driving changes in tropics‐wide convective system cloud shields, and further supports conceptual development and evaluation of prognostic climate model stratiform anvil area parameterizations.
Impact of Aerosol Radiative Effect on the Diurnal Cycle of Summer Precipitation Over North China: Distinct Results From Simulations With Parameterized Versus Explicit Convection
Authors: Wei Jiangfeng , Lu Boyan , Song Yuanyuan , Jin Qinjian , Yang Yang , Chen Qian , Chen Haishan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) is an important feature of local weather and climate. Owing to the complex interactions of aerosols and meteorological conditions, the influence of aerosols on the DCP is still inconclusive. Here we use regional modeling experiments with parameterized convection (PC) and explicit convection (EC) to disentangle the influence of aerosol radiative effects and model convection schemes on the DCP in North China, focusing on the precipitation peak time in the afternoon. We found that the EC experiments show delayed but more realistic DCPs compared with the PC experiments. With the increase of aerosol emissions, the PC experiments show delays in the afternoon precipitation peak, while this is not found in the EC experiments and observations. The different vertical velocities and vertical aerosol profiles produced by the schemes and the associated different thermodynamic responses are the primary reason for the distinct DCP responses.
The increase of PTSD in front-line health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the mediating role of risk perception: a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Ouyang Hui , Geng Shiyu , Zhou Yaoguang , Wang Jing , Zhan Jingye , Shang Zhilei , Jia Yanpu , Yan Wenjie , Zhang Yan , Li Xu , Liu Weizhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers (HCWs) are largely unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in HCWs in a longitudinal manner. Additionally, we further explored the role of risk perception in the evolution of PTSD over time based on a one-year follow-up study. HCWs were recruited from hospitals in Guangdong, China. Demographic information, the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the risk perception questionnaire were obtained online at two different time points: May to June 2020 (T1), with 317 eligible responses, and June 2021 (T2), with 403 eligible responses. Seventy-four HCWs participated in the survey at both T1 and T2. The results revealed that (1) the PTSD prevalence rate in the HCWs (cut-off = 33) increased from 10.73% at T1 to 20.84% at T2, and the HCWs reported significantly higher PTSD scores at T2 than at T1 (p < 0.001); (2) risk perception was positively correlated with PTSD (p < 0.001); and (3) PTSD at T1 could significantly positively predict PTSD at T2 (β = 2.812, p < 0.01), and this longitudinal effect of PTSD at T1 on PTSD at T2 was mediated by risk perception at T2 (coefficient = 0.154, 95% CI = 0.023 to 0.297). Our data provide a snapshot of the worsening of HCWs’ PTSD along with the repeated pandemic outbreaks and highlight the important role of risk perception in the development of PTSD symptoms in HCWs over time.
POU6F1 cooperates with RORA to suppress the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma by downregulating HIF1A signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Wenjing , Geng Wei , Zhou Mei , Xu Juanjuan , Wang Sufei , Huang Qi , Sun Yice , Li Yumei , Yang Guanghai , Jin Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents the most frequently diagnosed histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with the highest mortality worldwide. Transcriptional dysregulation is a hallmark of nearly all kinds of cancers. In the study, we identified that the POU domain, class 6, transcription factor 1 (POU6F1), a member of the POU family of transcription factors, was closely associated with tumor stage and death in LUAD. We revealed that POU6F1 was downregulated in LUAD tissues and downregulated POU6F1 was predictive of an unfavorable prognosis in LUAD patients. In vitro assays, including CCK8, soft agar, transwell, clone formation, wound-healing assay, and nude mouse xenograft model all revealed that POU6F1 inhibited the growth and invasion of LUAD cells. Mechanistically, POU6F1 bound and stabilized retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) to exert the transcriptional inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and alter the expression of HIF1A signaling pathway-associated genes, including ENO1, PDK1, and PRKCB, thereby leading to the suppression of LUAD cells. Collectively, these results demonstrated the suppressive role of POU6F1/RORA in the progression of LUAD and may potentially be used as a target for the treatment of LUAD.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the immune heterogeneity and the repopulation of microglia by Hif1α in mice after spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Xu Lintao , Lin Weiwei , Yao Yin , Li Heyangzi , Shen Gerong , Cao Xi , He Ning , Chen Jun , Hu Jue , Zheng Mingzhi , Song Xinghui , Ding Yuemin , Shen Yueliang , Zhong Jinjie , Wang Lin-lin , Chen Ying-ying , Zhu Yongjian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuroinflammation is regarded as a vital pathological process in spinal cord injury (SCI), which removes damaged tissue, secretes cytokines, and facilitates regeneration. Repopulation of microglia has been shown to favor recovery from SCI. However, the origin and regulatory factors of microglia repopulation after SCI remain unknown. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to portray the dynamic transcriptional landscape of immune cells during the early and late phases of SCI in mice. B cells and migDCs, located in the meninges under physiological conditions, are involved in immune surveillance. Microglia quickly reduced, and peripheral myeloid cells infiltrated three days-post-injury (dpi). At 14 dpi, microglia repopulated, myeloid cells were reduced, and lymphocytes infiltrated. Importantly, genetic lineage tracing of nestin+ and Cx3cr1+ cells in vivo showed that the repopulation of microglia was derived from residual microglia after SCI. We found that residual microglia regress to a developmental growth state in the early stages after SCI. Hif1α promotes microglial proliferation. Conditional ablation of Hif1α in microglia causes larger lesion sizes, fewer axon fibers, and impaired functional recovery in the late stages after SCI. Our results mapped the immune heterogeneity in SCI and raised the possibility that targeting Hif1α may help in axon regeneration and functional recovery after SCI.
TDP43 promotes stemness of breast cancer stem cells through CD44 variant splicing isoforms
Authors: Guo Lu , Ke Hao , Zhang Honglei , Zou Li , Yang Qin , Lu Xuemei , Zhao Limin , Jiao Baowei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is a promising clinical target for cancer treatment at the post-transcriptional level. We previously identified a unique AS profile in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is regulated by the splicing regulator TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP43), thus indicating the crucial role of TDP43 in heterogeneous TNBC. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a widely recognized marker for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), is extensively spliced into CD44 variant AS isoforms (CD44v) during the development of breast cancer. At present, however, the regulatory mechanism of CD44v is not fully understood. In the current study, we found that loss of TDP43 inhibits BCSC stemness by reducing the abundance of CD44v. In addition, serine-arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3), another splicing factor and partner of TDP43, acts as an upstream regulator of TDP43 to maintain CD44v isoforms and thereafter BCSC stemness. Mechanistically, SRSF3 stabilizes the mRNA of TDP43 by inhibiting nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). These findings illustrate the important role of complicated regulatory networks formed by splicing factors in TNBC progression, thus providing potential therapeutic targets from an AS perspective.
Current practice of trabeculectomy in a cohort of experienced glaucoma surgeons in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Lee Graham A. , Liu Lance , Casson Robert J. , Danesh-Meyer Helen V. , Shah Peter ,   ANZGS Trabeculectomy Consensus Group, Agar Ashish , Ashraff Nina , Baker Michelle , Brogan Kerr , Brooks Anne , Buller Alex , Casson Robert , Chan Helen , Cheng Jason , Danesh-Meyer Helen , Mellow Guy D’ , Dunn Hamish , Gaskin Jennifer Fan , Gale Jesse , Goldberg Ivan , Green Catherine , Gregory-Roberts Emily , Healey Paul , Hurley Ian , Karaconji Tanya , Kaushik Shweta , Kerr Nathan , Kong George , Koppens Jo , Landers John , Lawlor Mitchell , Leaney John , Lee Graham , Lim Ridia , Liu Lance , Lusthaus Jed , Manning David , Martin Keith , Masselos Katherine , Nielsen Nathan , Ng Soo , Ng Jon , Perumal Divya , Shah Raj , Sindhu Kiran , Skalicky Simon , Soares Bernardo , Spencer Narelle , Symes Richard J. , Walland Mark , Wang Bob , White Andrew , Yuen Joshua , Zagora Sophia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo evaluate current routine trabeculectomy technique preferences among Australian and New Zealand Glaucoma Society surgeons regularly performing trabeculectomy surgery.Subjects/MethodsSurvey of experienced surgeons who perform trabeculectomy.ResultsForty-nine surgeons (33 male:16 female) participated in the survey. Trabeculectomy was performed as day surgery (39/47, 83.0%) under local anesthesia (44/47, 93.6%). The surgical techniques most commonly used were a corneal traction suture (44/47, 93.6%), fornix-based conjunctival flap (43/47, 91.5%) and half-thickness scleral flap (38/47, 81.0%). Mitomycin C antifibrotic agent was used in routine cases by 45/46 (97.8%) surgeons. Surgeons applied the antifibrotic agent under the Tenon layer with a pledget (36/46, 78.2%) with a concentration of 0.02% (37/46, 80.4%) for 2 (11/46, 23.9%) or 3 min (30/46, 65.2%). The Kelly (26/46, 56.5%) and the Khaw Descemet (19/46, 41.3%) punches were used to perform the sclerostomy. Most surgeons performed a peripheral iridectomy in all phakic patients (46/47, 97.9%), but less commonly in pseudophakic patients (34/47, 72.3%). Techniques for closure of the limbal conjunctival edge were quite varied with a combination of suturing including purse string (21/47, 57.4%), wing (20/47, 42.6%) and horizontal mattress sutures (33/47, 70.2%). Surgeons reviewed their routine patients four times in the first month (29/47, 61.7%) and continued the postoperative topical steroids for 3–4 months (28/47, 59.6%).ConclusionsAlthough a wide range of techniques for trabeculectomy exists among surgeons, there are consistent procedures currently in use to optimize patient outcomes. This report will assist surgeons in choosing which surgical techniques fit their best practice.
Dihydroquinazolinones as adaptative C(sp3) handles in arylations and alkylations via dual catalytic C–C bond-functionalization
Authors: Lv Xin-Yang , Abrams Roman , Martin Ruben 
Published: May 2022

AbstractC–C bond forming cross-couplings are convenient technologies for the construction of functional molecules. Consequently, there is continual interest in approaches that can render traditionally inert functionality as cross-coupling partners, included in this are ketones which are widely-available commodity chemicals and easy to install synthetic handles. Herein, we describe a dual catalytic strategy that utilizes dihydroquinazolinones derived from ketone congeners as adaptative one-electron handles for forging C(sp3) architectures via α C–C cleavage with aryl and alkyl bromides. Our approach is achieved by combining the flexibility and modularity of nickel catalysis with the propensity of photoredox events for generating open-shell reaction intermediates. This method is distinguished by its wide scope and broad application profile––including chemical diversification of advanced intermediates––, providing a catalytic technique complementary to existing C(sp3) cross-coupling reactions that operates within the C–C bond-functionalization arena.
IRF4 drives clonal evolution and lineage choice in a zebrafish model of T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Amanda Stella , Tan Tze King , Ong Jolynn Zu Lin , Theardy Madelaine Skolastika , Wong Regina Wan Ju , Huang Xiao Zi , Ali Muhammad Zulfaqar , Li Yan , Gong Zhiyuan , Inagaki Hiroshi , Foo Ee Yong , Pang Brendan , Tan Soo Yong , Iida Shinsuke , Sanda Takaomi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIRF4 is a master regulator of immunity and is also frequently overexpressed in mature lymphoid neoplasms. Here, we demonstrate the oncogenicity of IRF4 in vivo, its potential effects on T-cell development and clonal evolution using a zebrafish model. IRF4-transgenic zebrafish develop aggressive tumors with massive infiltration of abnormal lymphocytes that spread to distal organs. Many late-stage tumors are mono- or oligoclonal, and tumor cells can expand in recipient animals after transplantation, demonstrating their malignancy. Mutation ofp53accelerates tumor onset, increases penetrance, and results in tumor heterogeneity. Surprisingly, single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals that the majority of tumor cells are double-negative T-cells, many of which expresstcr-γ that became dominant as the tumors progress, whereas double-positive T-cells are largely diminished. Gene expression and epigenetic profiling demonstrates thatgata3, mycb, lrrn1, patl1andpsip1are specifically activated in tumors, while genes responsible for T-cell differentiation includingid3are repressed.IRF4-driven tumors are sensitive to the BRD inhibitor.
TH17 cells promote CNS inflammation by sensing danger signals via Mincle
Authors: Zhang Quanri , Liu Weiwei , Wang Han , Zhou Hao , Bulek Katarzyna , Chen Xing , Zhang Cun-Jin , Zhao Junjie , Zhang Renliang , Liu Caini , Kang Zizhen , Bermel Robert A. , Dubyak George , Abbott Derek W. , Xiao Tsan Sam , Nagy Laura E. , Li Xiaoxia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe C-type lectin receptor Mincle is known for its important role in innate immune cells in recognizing pathogen and damage associated molecular patterns. Here we report a T cell–intrinsic role for Mincle in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Genomic deletion of Mincle in T cells impairs TH17, but not TH1 cell-mediated EAE, in alignment with significantly higher expression of Mincle in TH17 cells than in TH1 cells. Mechanistically, dying cells release β-glucosylceramide during inflammation, which serves as natural ligand for Mincle. Ligand engagement induces activation of the ASC-NLRP3 inflammasome, which leads to Caspase8-dependent IL-1β production and consequentially TH17 cell proliferation via an autocrine regulatory loop. Chemical inhibition of β-glucosylceramide synthesis greatly reduces inflammatory CD4+ T cells in the central nervous system and inhibits EAE progression in mice. Taken together, this study indicates that sensing of danger signals by Mincle on TH17 cells plays a critical role in promoting CNS inflammation.
CNPY4 inhibits the Hedgehog pathway by modulating membrane sterol lipids
Authors: Lo Megan , Sharir Amnon , Paul Michael D. , Torosyan Hayarpi , Agnew Christopher , Li Amy , Neben Cynthia , Marangoni Pauline , Xu Libin , Raleigh David R. , Jura Natalia , Klein Ophir D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Hedgehog (HH) pathway is critical for development and adult tissue homeostasis. Aberrant HH signaling can lead to congenital malformations and diseases including cancer. Although cholesterol and several oxysterol lipids have been shown to play crucial roles in HH activation, the molecular mechanisms governing their regulation remain unresolved. Here, we identify Canopy4 (CNPY4), a Saposin-like protein, as a regulator of the HH pathway that modulates levels of membrane sterol lipids. Cnpy4–/– embryos exhibit multiple defects consistent with HH signaling perturbations, most notably changes in digit number. Knockdown of Cnpy4 hyperactivates the HH pathway in vitro and elevates membrane levels of accessible sterol lipids, such as cholesterol, an endogenous ligand involved in HH activation. Our data demonstrate that CNPY4 is a negative regulator that fine-tunes HH signal transduction, revealing a previously undescribed facet of HH pathway regulation that operates through control of membrane composition.
Expanding the positivity offset theory of anhedonia to the psychosis continuum
Authors: Riehle Marcel , Pillny Matthias , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople with schizophrenia and negative symptoms show diminished net positive emotion in low-arousing contexts (diminished positivity offset) and co-activate positive and negative emotion more frequently (increased ambivalence). Here, we investigated whether diminished positivity offset and increased ambivalence covary with negative symptoms along the continuum of psychotic symptoms. We conducted an online-study in an ad-hoc community sample (N = 261). Participants self-reported on psychotic symptoms (negative symptoms, depression, positive symptoms, anhedonia) and rated positivity, negativity, and arousal elicited by pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral stimuli. The data were analyzed with multilevel linear models. Increasing levels of all assessed symptom areas showed significant associations with diminished positivity offset. Increased ambivalence was related only to positive symptoms. Our results show that the diminished positivity offset is associated with psychotic symptoms in a community sample, including, but not limited to, negative symptoms. Ecological validity and symptom specificity require further investigation.