bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free tissue reconstruction in the “vessel‐depleted” neck: A multi‐institutional cohort study
Authors: Chang Katherine , Akakpo Kenneth E. , Graboyes Evan M. , Zenga Joseph , Puram Sidharth V. , Pipkorn Patrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesMuch of the literature on free tissue reconstruction in the “vessel‐depleted” neck is focused on identification of vessels outside the pretreated field and data on free flap outcomes when infield microvascular anastomosis is performed remain scarce. We aim to report on free flap outcomes and recipient vessel choice in a large cohort of patients with prior radiation and neck dissection (RTND) to the ipsilateral side of vessel anastomosis.MethodsA retrospective review was performed including patients who received head and neck free tissue transfer following prior RTND to the ipsilateral side of vessel anastomosis. Pretreatment data, free flap type, defect site, and recipient vessel choice were reported. Recipient vessel choice was stratified according to neck dissection level and prior free flap. Primary outcome was free flap survival (total failure, partial failure, success) within 30 days after surgery.ResultsThis study included 72 free flap cases in 68 patients. Free flap success was 94.4%; one case (1.4%) resulted in total flap loss and three cases (4%) had partial flap loss. The facial (35%), external carotid (ECA) (25%), and superior thyroid arteries (16%) were the most common recipient arteries. The external jugular (EJV) (38%), facial (30%), and internal jugular veins (IJV) (15%) were the most common recipient veins. The superior thyroid artery was used less frequently with a prior level 2–3/4 neck dissection compared to a prior level 1–3/4 neck dissection (6% vs. 17%, p = 0.83). The facial artery (7% vs. 67%, p < 0.01) and vein (13% vs. 46%, p = 0.04) were used less frequently when a prior free flap with ipsilateral anastomosis was performed. The superior thyroid, ECA, IJV, and EJV were more commonly used in this subgroup.ConclusionFree tissue transfer with infield microvascular anastomosis in a neck with prior RTND can be safely done with comparable outcomes to surgically naïve, non‐irradiated necks.
A diagnostic conundrum: Is it a periurethral diverticulum/cyst or a bulking agent (Bulkamid)?
Authors: Akinjise‐Ferdinand Oluwaseun , Hubbard Rachel , Osman Nadir I. , Chapple Christopher R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionUrethral bulking agents are commonly used to manage female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) as they have been suggested to be safe, efficacious, and a minimally invasive surgical option. Bulkamid is a newer bulking agent that has been introduced and promoted in the market for use. It is non‐particulate in nature with high tissue biocompatibility, and consequently, it is difficult to differentiate between Bulkamid and a periurethral cyst on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This, therefore, presents a diagnostic dilemma.Methods and MaterialsHere we describe two cases with previous injections of Bulkamid referred to our Centre for management of a presumed periurethral diverticulum based on MRI findings. Both patients were reviewed and examined in outpatient clinics with MRI findings discussed at MDT, further imaging was required.ResultsWe found that a limited noncontrast computed tomography (CT) pelvis, followed by a voiding cystometrogram (VCMG), and then a repeat limited noncontrast CT pelvis effectively differentiated between Bulkamid and these presumed periurethral diverticulae. The theory behind this was that during micturition, the contrast would pass through to the urethral diverticulum and appear as high‐density (bright) material within the periurethral region (the pre‐VCMG was required to prove that any high‐density material was due to the contrast and not pre‐existing high‐contrast material).ConclusionA CT scan done in conjunction with a VCMG is likely to be more effective in differentiating between Bulkamid and a true periurethral diverticulum than an MRI scan. Appropriate diagnostic evaluation of periurethral lesions can lead to time‐saving and cost‐effective patient management as this will bypass the need for unnecessary investigations and possible unwarranted surgical intervention.
Oxidation of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate in isolated rat kidneys
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Maptue Nesmine , Rahim Mohsin , Trigo Mijes Miriam L. , Hever Thomas , Wen Xiaodong , Funk Alexander M. , Malloy Craig R. , Young Jamey D. , Khemtong Chalermchai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKidneys play a central role in numerous disorders but current imaging methods have limited utility to probe renal metabolism. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance imaging is uniquely suited to provide metabolite‐specific information about key biochemical pathways and it offers the further advantage that renal imaging is practical in humans. This study evaluated the feasibility of hyperpolarization examinations in a widely used model for analysis of renal physiology, the isolated kidney, which enables isolation of renal metabolism from the effects of other organs and validation of HP results by independent measurements. Isolated rat kidneys were supplied with either HP [1‐13C]pyruvate only or HP [1‐13C]pyruvate plus octanoate. Metabolic activity in both groups was confirmed by stable renal oxygen consumption. HP [1‐13C]pyruvate was readily metabolized to [13C]bicarbonate, [1‐13C]lactate, and [1‐13C]alanine, detectable seconds after HP [1‐13C]pyruvate was injected. Octanoate suppressed but did not eliminate the production of HP [13C]bicarbonate from [1‐13C]pyruvate. Steady‐state flux analyses using non‐HP 13C substrates validated the utilization of HP [1‐13C]pyruvate, as observed by HP 13C NMR. In the presence of octanoate, lactate is generated from a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, oxaloacetate. The isolated rat kidney may serve as an excellent model for investigating and establishing new HP 13C metabolic probes for future kidney imaging applications.
The protective effect of rs373863828 on type 2 diabetes does not operate through a body composition pathway in adult Samoans
Authors: Hawley Nicola L. , Duckham Rachel L. , Carlson Jenna C. , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututia Sefuiva , Lameko Viali , Pomer Alysa , Wetzel Abigail , Selu Melania , Lupematisila Vaimoana , Unasa Folla , Vesi Lupesina , Fatu Tracy , Unasa Seipepa , Faasalele‐Savusa Kima , Rivara Anna C. , Russell Emily , Delany James P. , Viali Satupaitea , Kershaw Erin E. , Minster Ryan L. , Weeks Daniel E. , McGarvey Stephen T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to understand whether the paradoxical association of missense variant rs373863828 in CREB3 regulatory factor (CREBRF) with higher BMI but lower odds of diabetes is explained by either metabolically favorable body fat distribution or greater fat‐free mass.MethodsThis study explored the association of the minor allele with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐derived body composition in n = 421 Samoans and used path analysis to examine the mediating role of fat and fat‐free mass on the relationship between rs373863828 and fasting glucose.ResultsAmong females, the rs373863828 minor A allele was associated with greater BMI. There was no association of genotype with percent body fat, visceral adiposity, or fat distribution in either sex. In both females and males, lean mass was greater with each A allele: 2.16 kg/copy (p = 0.0001) and 1.73 kg/copy (p = 0.02), respectively. Path analysis showed a direct negative effect of rs373863828 genotype on fasting glucose (p = 0.004) consistent with previous findings, but also an indirect positive effect on fasting glucose operating through fat‐free mass (p = 0.027).ConclusionsThe protective effect of rs373863828 in CREBRF, common among Pacific Islanders, on type 2 diabetes does not operate through body composition. Rather, the variant's effects on body size/composition and fasting glucose likely operate via different, tissue‐specific mechanisms.
mHealth program for patients with advanced cancer receiving treatment in a public health hospital in Brazil
Authors: Tumeh Isabella Barros Rabelo Gontijo , Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Lee David , Philip Errol J. , Freitas‐Júnior Ruffo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have suggested the benefit of routine screening for biopsychosocial symptoms among patients with cancer. In recognition of the lack of data from low‐ and middle‐income countries, this study sought to test and determine the effect of a mHealth program to screen biopsychological symptoms among patients with advanced breast or gynecological cancer.MethodsThis was a quasi‐experimental pre‐post study conducted in a public hospital located in central western Brazil. Patients diagnosed with advanced breast of gynecological cancer who were about to initiate chemotherapy treatment at this institution and had access to Internet by smartphone, computer or tablet were invited to participate. Patients received training on using the app Comfort, a program developed to rate their physical and emotional symptoms during the 6‐month of the proposed study. Patients were also asked to complete the EuroQOL 5D (EQ‐5D‐3L) every month. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to determine differences among groups of patients (engaged and non‐engaged). RM‐ANOVA was used to determine the effect of time on mean visual analog scale (VAS) score.ResultsA total of 125 patients were recruited (median age = 46.6 years old, 41.6% married). Mostly, patients possessed lower levels of education and had relatively low monthly incomes. Notably, 67.2% of patients engaged with the Comfort program, and few patients (4%) withdrew due to lack of engagement with the program or issues with internet connection. In general, patients who engaged with the program reported improvement in physical and emotional symptoms (p < 0.01), as well as in their overall quality of life (VAS; p = 0.009), compared with patients who did not engage with the program.ConclusionsThis is the first mHealth program developed in Brazil for patients in a low resource setting. Our findings suggest that Comfort could be an effective resource to assist patients and health care providers track symptoms and improve patients' quality of life.
Tunable Superconductivity in Phosphorus‐Doped Topological Transition‐Metal Germanide Mo5Ge3
Authors: Xiao Guorui , Ji Liangwen , Yang Wuzhang , Zhu Qinqing , Song Shijie , Cao Guang‐Han , Ren Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of phosphorus doping in the transition metal germanide Mo5Ge3, which is predicted to be a nodal line semimetal and exhibits superconductivity below Tc = 0.75 K, is studied. It is found that Mo5GePx retains the tetragonal W5Si3‐type structure up to x = 1.0, and the incorporation of phosphorus leads to a shrinkage of the unit cell volume. Remarkably, Tc of Mo5GePx is enhanced by more than one order of magnitude with increasing x, reaching 8.24 K at x = 1.0. This enhancement is attributed to the increases in both the density of states at the Fermi level and electron–phonon coupling strength. Theoretical calculations show that the phosphorus doping leads to a nearly rigid‐band shift of the Fermi level into a local maximum of the density of states. This study unveils that transition metal germanides offer an emerging platform to study the interplay between superconductivity and nontrivial band topology.
Sustainable development in circular agriculture: An illustrative bee↺legume↺poultry example
Authors: Rauw Wendy M. , Gomez‐Raya Luis , Star Laura , Øverland Margareth , Delezie Evelyne , Grivins Mikelis , Hamann Karen T. , Pietropaoli Marco , Klaassen Michiel T. , Klemetsdal Gunnar , Gil María G. , Torres Olga , Dvergedal Hanne , Formato Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCircular economic principals of production are based on material flows through the system with minimum external inputs, recycling of resources, generating minimum waste, emissions, or pollution. Agriculture presents a major opportunity for the utilization of wastes, by‐products and co‐products in the development of a circular economy via the design of circular agricultural production systems and the creation of new sustainable value chains. The present work outlines an illustrative example of a circular bee↺legume↺poultry agricultural production system, based on the premise that: (1) there is an urgent need to prioritize pollinator stewardship and pollinator ecosystem restoration to counteract pollinator decline, (2) the EU Plant Protein Plan fosters EU‐grown plant proteins including local legumes, and (3) poultry production is the most important segment of the animal production industry, and the fastest growing agricultural sub‐sector. For the successful implementation of circular agriculture, multidisciplinary research is needed regarding all sectors involved, as well as practical evaluations and the realization of proof of concept depending on the geographical location. For sustainable circular agricultural practices to be adopted by agriculturists and agricultural workers, a culture shift is needed, with close cooperation between all actors involved.
Ultrasound Assisted α‐Arylation of Ketones: A Rapid Access to Isoquinolinone Derivatives
Authors: Sangepu Venkateswara Rao , Sharma Deepika , Venkateshwarlu Rapolu , Bhoomireddy Rama Devi , Jain Kirti Kumar , Dandela Rambabu , Pal Manojit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the current study we have demonstrated the effectiveness of ultrasound, a source of green energy, in accessing various isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives via the sequential two‐step reaction in a single pot. The methodology involved ultrasound assisted Cu‐catalyzed α‐arylation of ketones with 2‐iodobenzamide (via a C−C bond formation) followed by intramolecular cyclization (via the C−N bond formation) in the same pot. The role of ultrasound, catalyst, base and solvent in the current transformation was evaluated and the generality as well as scope of the methodology was examined via synthesizing a variety of compounds in acceptable to good (49–93 %) yields. The application potential of the methodology was demonstrated further via synthesizing a reported bioactive arylisoquinolinamine derivative of medicinal significance. Further, the encouraging inhibition of TNF‐α in vitro (>50 % at 10 μM) was shown by some of the synthesized compounds e. g. 3 j, 3 m and 3 p.
Cytotoxic Activity, Apoptosis Induction and Structure–Activity Relationship of 2‐Phenylphthalazin‐2‐ium Salts as Promising Antitumor Agents
Authors: Cao Fang‐Jun , Hou Xiang , Wang Lu , Li Pei‐Wei , Ma Li , Feng Hui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInspired by sanguinarine and chelerythrine, various 2‐phenylphthalazin‐2‐ium salts as simple analogues were designed according to the structure of natural products. On the basis of previous research, this study evaluated the inhibition activity of these compounds on tumor cells, apoptosis induction as well as their structure‐activity relationship (SAR). The results indicated that the compounds showed IC50 values of 1.21–14.77 μM against NB4 cells and 4.68–17.44 μM against MKN‐45 cells, respectively, superior to positive control cis‐platinum with IC50 values of 2.39 and 11.36 μM or their model compound chelerythrine with IC50 values of 1.49 and 12.70 μM. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide and ultrastructure observation of cells suggested that these compounds could induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Meanwhile, 2‐(3,4‐Dichlorophenyl)phthalazin‐2‐ium Bromide‐induced apoptosis was dependent on the excessive formation of ROS and amplified by the mitochondrial pathway. The preliminary SAR indicated that substitution pattern on the N‐aromatic ring remarkably influenced the cytotoxicity of the compounds. The trend showed that the presence of electron‐donating groups caused a significant improvement of the cytotoxicity. And in many cases that the 3’ site was the most advantageous substitution position for the enhancement of the cytotoxicity. Hence, the results demonstrated that the title compounds werea class of potential compounds for the development of novel antitumor drugs.
Green Synthesis Design, Spectroscopic Characterizations, and Biological Activities of Novel Pyrrole Derivatives: An Application to Evaluate Their Toxic Effect on Cotton Aphids
Authors: Kamel Moumen S. , Aboelez Moustafa O. , Elnagar Mohamed R. , Shokr Elders Kh. , Selim Heba Mohammed Refat M. , Abdel‐Ghany Hossam Eldin , Drar Ali M. , Belal Amany , El Hamd Mohamed A. , Abd El Aleem Ali Ali El‐Remaily Mahmoud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGreen synthesis design and spectroscopic characterizations of novel pyrrole derivatives (1–6) with insecticidal bioefficacy have been achieved. The toxic effect using a leaf dip bioassay method was used to assess the insecticidal bioefficacy of six ecofriendly‐synthesized pyrrole derivatives. The results demonstrated the significant insecticide effect of the proposed compounds against cotton aphids, after 24 hours of application. All these compounds (1–6) showed promising results against cotton aphids especially compound 4 with an LC50 of 0.04 ppm which had a higher activity compared to a commercial reference of Chlorfenapyr deadly agent used for cotton aphids. The biological activity profile of these compounds, using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, antimicrobial activities against four gram‐positive bacteria, and antifungal activities against a yeast‐like fungus, in comparison with well‐known antimicrobial and antifungal referenced standards were evaluated and confirmed. The results revealed that some of these compounds showed antibacterial activities against bacterial species known to plant pathogenic. Additional investigation of the newly obtained derivatives was performed and discussed in this research work through computational tools to give better insights into the possible protein targets of these new analogues.
Study on a Novel Process for the Synthesis of P‐Xylene by Selectivity Intensification in Benzene Alkylation with Methanol
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Xiaorui , Chen Rui , Dong Peng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe alkylation reaction process of benzene with methanol was researched by Aspen Plus simulation based on the reaction kinetics data of modified ZSM‐5 catalyst. A novel production process was proposed for the alkylation of benzene with methanol to prepare p‐xylene (PX) based on selectivity intensification. The results showed that the selectivity of PX based on process optimization was more than 99.7 %. Selectivity intensification of PX production process could eliminate the separation of o‐xylene and m‐xylene, which owned the characteristics of high raw material utilization, low energy consumption and good economy. The research of current process could provide technical guidance for the production process of PX by alkylation of benzene with methanol, and help to form a new pattern of complementary and coordinated development of coal chemical and petrochemical technologies by using non‐petroleum‐based methanol and benzene surplus in the petroleum production chain.
Ion‐in‐Conjugation: A Promising Concept for Multifunctional Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Yu Chuang , He Jing‐Hui , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost organic semiconductors (OSCs) consist of conjugated skeletons with flexible peripheral chains. Their weak intermolecular interactions from dispersion and induction forces result in environmental susceptibilities and are unsuitable for many multifunctional applications where direct exposure to external environments is unavoidable, such as gas absorption, chemical sensing, and catalysis. To exploit the advantages of inorganic semiconductors in OSCs, ion‐in‐conjugation (IIC) materials are proposed. An IIC material refers to any conjugated material (molecules, polymers, and crystals) in Kekule's structural formula containing stoichiometric ionic states in its conjugated backbone in the electronic ground state. In this review, the definitions, structures, synthesis, properties, and applications of IIC materials are described briefly. Four types of IIC material, including zwitterionic conjugated molecules/polymers, conjugated ionic dyes, π‐d conjugated molecules and polymers, and coordinatively doped polymers, are reported. Their applications in gas sensing, humidity sensing, resistive memory devices, and thermal/photo‐/electro‐catalysis are demonstrated. The challenges and opportunities for future research are also discussed. It is expected that this work will inspire the design of new organic electronic information materials.
Advances in the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Metal Nanoclusters‐based Materials
Authors: Ding Junyang , Yang Hui , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Qian , Cao Huanqi , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the development of renewable energy systems, clean hydrogen is burgeoning as an optimal alternative to fossil fuels, in which its application is promising to retarding the global energy and environmental crisis. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), capable of producing high‐purity hydrogen rapidly in electrocatalytic water splitting, has received much attention. Abundant research about HER has been done, focusing on advanced electrocatalyst design with high efficiency and robust stability. As potential HER catalysts, metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have been studied extensively. They are composed of several to a hundred metal atoms, with sizes being comparable to the Fermi wavelength of electrons, that is, < 2.0 nm. Different from metal atoms/nanoparticles, they exhibit unique catalytic properties due to their quantum size effect and low‐coordination environment. In this review, the activity‐enhancing approaches of MNCs applied in HER electrocatalysis are mainly summarized. Furthermore, recent progress in MNCs classified with different stabilization strategies, that is, the freestanding MNCs, MNCs with organic, metal and carbon supports, are introduced. Finally, the current challenges and deficiencies of these MNCs for HER are prospected.
Tuning Structural and Optical Properties of Porphyrin‐based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks by Metal Insertion
Authors: Tholen Patrik , Peeples Craig A. , Ayhan Mehmet M. , Wagner Lukas , Thomas Heidi , Imbrasas Paulius , Zorlu Yunus , Baretzky Clemens , Reineke Sebastian , Hanna Gabriel , Yücesan Gündoğ 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein, a simple way of tuning the optical and structural properties of porphyrin‐based hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) is reported. By inserting transition metal ions into the porphyrin cores of GTUB‐5 (p‐H8‐TPPA (5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis[p‐phenylphosphonic acid] HOF), the authors show that it is possible to generate HOFs with different band gaps, photoluminescence (PL) life times, and textural properties. The band gaps of the resulting HOFs (viz., Cu‐, Ni‐, Pd‐, and Zn‐GTUB‐5) are measured by diffuse reflectance and PL spectroscopy, as well as calculated via DFT, and the PL lifetimes are measured. Across the series, the band gaps vary over a narrow range from 1.37 to 1.62 eV, while the PL lifetimes vary over a wide range from 2.3 to 83 ns. These differences ultimately arise from metal‐induced structural changes, viz., changes in the metal‐to‐nitrogen distances, number of hydrogen bonds, and pore volumes. DFT reveals that the band gaps of Cu‐, Zn‐, and Pd‐ GTUB‐5 are governed by highest occupied/lowest unoccupied crystal orbitals (HOCO/LUCO) composed of π‐ orbitals on the porphyrin linkers, while that of Ni‐GTUB‐5 is governed by a HOCO and LUCO composed of Ni dorbitals. Overall, our findings show that metal‐insertion can be used to optimize HOFs for optoelectronics and small‐molecule capture applications.