bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost of the quanta SC+ hemodialysis system for self‐care in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ferguson Thomas W. , Harper Gerard D. , Milad John E. , Komenda Paul V. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionNew personal hemodialysis systems, such as the quanta SC+, are being developed; these systems are smaller and simpler to use while providing the clearances of conventional systems. Increasing the uptake of lower‐intensity assistance and full self‐care dialysis may provide economic benefits to the public health payer. In the United Kingdom, most hemodialysis patients currently receive facility‐based dialysis costing more than £36,350 per year including patient transport. As such, we aimed to describe the annual costs of using the SC+ hemodialysis system in the United Kingdom for 3×‐weekly and 3.5×‐weekly dialysis regimens, for self‐care hemodialysis provided both in‐center and at home.MethodsWe applied a cost minimization approach. Costs for human resources, equipment, and consumables were sourced from the dialysis machine developer (Quanta Dialysis Technologies) based upon discussions with dialysis providers. Facility overhead expenses and transport costs were taken from a review of the literature.FindingsAnnual costs associated with the use of the SC+ hemodialysis system were estimated to be £26,642 for hemodialysis provided 3× weekly as home self‐care; £30,235 for hemodialysis provided 3× weekly as self‐care in‐center; £29,866 for hemodialysis provided 3.5× weekly as home self‐care; and £36,185 for hemodialysis provided 3.5× weekly as self‐care in‐center.DiscussionWe found that the SC+ hemodialysis system offers improved cost‐effectiveness for both 3×‐weekly and 3.5×‐weekly self‐care dialysis performed at home or as self‐care in‐center versus fully assisted dialysis provided 3× weekly with conventional machines in facilities.
Notes from rusty patched bumble bee (Bombus affinis Cresson) nest observations
Authors: Boone Michelle L. , Evans Elaine , Wolf Amy , Minser Halley , Watson Jay , Smith Tamara A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The rusty patched bumble bee, Bombus affinis, is federally endangered in the United States and Canada. Information on natural history is crucial to conservation planning, but little is known about B. affinis nesting biology, habitat, overwintering, and mating behaviours. We report observations on three B. affinis nests in Minnesota and Wisconsin found in 2020. Previous to this report, there were only four published descriptions of B. affinis nests, with the last nest recorded nearly 30 years ago. Here, we share findings on nesting habitat, nest size, mating behaviours, and nest parasites.
The nests were located in between the foundation and a layer of insulation in an urban residence, in an urban backyard near a house foundation, and in a degraded semi‐wooded, riparian natural area.
Colony size estimates ranged from 251 to 1341 bees.
We observed males chasing gynes near a nest entrance and one mating event approximately 5 m from the nest.
We documented the chalcid wasp, Melittobia acasta, as a new host association.
These observations increased the known colony size range, documented a new host association, and indicate the potential importance of urban and degraded habitats for recovery of the endangered rusty patched bumble bee.
Caries prevalence, oral health practices/behaviours and dental anxiety levels amongst dental hygiene students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mutluay Merve , Mutluay Abidin Talha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine caries prevalence, oral health practices/behaviours and dental anxiety levels amongst dental hygiene students.Materials and MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was used to determine students’ oral hygiene practices/behaviours. The students were subjected to oral examinations to determine their decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) scores according to the WHO criteria. In addition, the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was used to measure the students’ dental anxiety levels.ResultsA total of 280 students (mean age: 20.8 years) participated in this study. Amongst the students, 52.8% brush their teeth twice a day, and 17.48% and 15.17% use floss and mouthwash daily, respectively. Moreover, the defined smoking rate was 22.85%. The mean DMFT scores of the preclinical and clinical students were 3.39 ± 3.22 and 3.55 ± 3.19, respectively. Most of the students (82.6%) preferred fluoride toothpaste, and the DMFT scores of those who use and do not use fluoride toothpaste significantly differed (p = 0.031). Furthermore, junk‐food consumption affected the scores for decayed teeth (p = 0.048) and missing teeth (p = 0.039). Most students had low or moderate CDAS scores (CDAS <13), and anxiety scores were lower amongst the clinical students than amongst the preclinical students.ConclusionsAlthough the students demonstrated favourable oral health behaviours/practices and low caries prevalence, their adherence to oral hygiene instructions and to healthy dietary and lifestyle habits should improve. The importance of this topic should be strongly emphasized in the undergraduate curriculum. For this purpose, professional behavioural control methods that suit students’ individual capacities, motivations and therapeutic needs may be employed. The principal findings of similar studies should be evaluated by lecturers to help students adopt optimal oral health practices/behaviours, reducing their dental anxiety levels and improving their professional competencies.
Edible mushrooms’ enrichment in food and feed: A mini review
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Bhardwaj Kanchan , Kuča Kamil , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Verma Rachna , Machado Marisa , Kumar Dinesh , Cruz‐Martins Natália 
Published: January 2022

SummaryDietary fibres and high fibre‐containing foods have been a huge attraction among researchers and nutraceutical industries due to their health‐promoting benefits. From Greek and Roman times, edible mushrooms are considered the ‘elixir of life’ and are often stated as a new source of dietary fibre. Containing rich sources of essential amino acids and polysaccharides, mushrooms are viewed as an advantage over protein sources of both animal and plant origin. Additionally, the ability of mushrooms to grow under controlled conditions and attain high yield in a short span has made this added‐value food of extreme interest. Nowadays, mushrooms and their by‐products have been used to fortify various food products as well as for use in animal feed owing to their bioactive, therapeutic and nutritional value. Hence, this review intends to highlight the current knowledge on edible mushrooms and their waste for food and feed enrichment and nutritional purposes, along with their role in human and animal diet.
Soybean expansion impacts on soil organic matter in the eastern region of the Maranhão State (Northeastern Brazil)
Authors: Siqueira‐Neto Marcos , Popin Gustavo V. , Ferrão Gregori E. , Santos Arthur K. B. , Cerri Carlos E. P. , Ferreira Tiago O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, the eastern region of the Maranhão state (Northeastern Brazil) became a hotspot of land‐use change (LUC) directly from native vegetation to soybean cultivation, but due to the soil characteristics, LUC has caused substantial soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen depletion. Therefore, we quantified these impacts arising from two factors: (i) different timeframes after LUC and (ii) contrasting soil management practices. For the first study, soil samples (0–30 cm; six replicates) were taken on soybean fields year one, year eight and 15 years after LUC. It the second study, another area was sampled, of which part was managed under no‐tillage (NT) and the other using a mouldboard plough (MP). For both studies, native vegetation (NV) was sampled as the control. NV stored about 50 Mg of carbon (C) ha−1; but LUC reduced C stocks by 35% (after 8 and 15 years); moreover, labile‐C decreased between 20% and 45%, while, microbial‐C decreased between 20% and 60%, considering the interval between year one and 15 years. Regarding soil management, the MP did not cause differences on C stock (24 Mg C ha−1) in comparison to NT; however, both labile‐C and microbial‐C decreased by 15% to NT, while, decreased by 40% to MP. These results lead us to believe that, since LUC is inevitable, we suggested the adoption of the best agricultural management practices, in order to preserve/increase the SOC, reducing the impacts on GHG emissions and, thus, achieving sustainability and profitability.
Bilingual diabetes workshop to improve Latinx care
Authors: Ortega Pilar , Iniguez Reniell , Park Yoon Soo , Girotti Jorge A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundLinguistic and cultural discordance between clinicians and patients contributes to suboptimal care of Latinx patients with diabetes. Bilingual pedagogies may help learners with pre‐existing Spanish skills to improve health communication with linguistic minorities.ApproachWe designed a diabetes workshop for health professions students that applied the educational principles of bilingual pedagogies, focus on learners with prior Spanish skills, and intersectionality of language and culture. The session introduced diabetes concepts in Spanish and English, applied Latinx cultural beliefs to clinical conversations about diabetes and explored the impact of clinician language and cultural skills on diabetes‐related communication.EvaluationVoluntary surveys evaluated learner knowledge, confidence and attitudes before and after the intervention. Of 60 attendees, 57 participants (95%) completed surveys. Comparison of pre and post responses yielded statistically significant increases in respondents' cultural knowledge and confidence in explaining diabetes concepts in Spanish (all p < 0.001). When controlling for Spanish level, most items still showed a significant improvement. Latinx and heritage learners were more likely to express lower confidence in explaining diabetes post‐workshop (p < 0.05), suggesting an increased awareness of limitations.ImplicationsBilingual educational interventions that emphasise culturally appropriate clinical skills may be an effective way to prepare health professions students who are heritage Spanish or second‐language learners to better communicate with Latinx patients about diabetes. We provide actionable recommendations for clinical educators interested in incorporating communication skills training for linguistically diverse patient care.
Effects of small‐group learning on the assessment of professional skills through a PBL activity
Authors: Casquero‐Modrego Nuria , Núñez‐Andrés María Amparo , Iniesto‐Alba María José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWorking on a real project emphasizes an active learning environment such as that used in collaborative pedagogy, where students learn to resolve problems and improve their professional skills. Engineering programs are invested in improving learning by focusing on real hands‐on experience. The crisis caused by COVID‐19 will lead to a reduction in the number of enrollments in many university programs. Therefore, it is important to investigate how the dynamics of small groups will affect the active learning process. This study explores a hands‐on learning activity in the context of a Web Map Service (WMS). It aims to analyze the improvement in professional skills of a group of Geomatics Engineering students with two approaches. Students from a university in Catalonia created a WMS as a team‐based project. Meanwhile, in a university in Galicia, students on the same course and program conducted the same task but individually. Three independent surveys along the course helped to collect the students' opinions and assess their learning experience based on their project evaluations. The conclusion is clear: despite working with small learning groups, collaborative learning using a hands‐on approach improves academic performance, increases motivation, and helps students acquire the necessary professional skills in their careers.
A Critical Period for Robust Curriculum‐Based Deep Reinforcement Learning of Sequential Action in a Robot Arm
Authors: de Kleijn Roy , Sen Deniz , Kachergis George 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany everyday activities are sequential in nature. That is, they can be seen as a sequence of subactions and sometimes subgoals. In the motor execution of sequential action, context effects are observed in which later subactions modulate the execution of earlier subactions (e.g., reaching for an overturned mug, people will optimize their grasp to achieve a comfortable end state). A trajectory (movement) adaptation of an often‐used paradigm in the study of sequential action, the serial response time task, showed several context effects of which centering behavior is of special interest. Centering behavior refers to the tendency (or strategy) of subjects to move their arm or mouse cursor to a position equidistant to all stimuli in the absence of predictive information, thereby reducing movement time to all possible targets. In the current study, we investigated sequential action in a virtual robotic agent trained using proximal policy optimization, a state‐of‐the‐art deep reinforcement learning algorithm. The agent was trained to reach for appearing targets, similar to a serial response time task given to humans. We found that agents were more likely to develop centering behavior similar to human subjects after curricularized learning. In our curriculum, we first rewarded agents for reaching targets before introducing a penalty for energy expenditure. When the penalty was applied with no curriculum, many agents failed to learn the task due to a lack of action space exploration, resulting in high variability of agents' performance. Our findings suggest that in virtual agents, similar to infants, early energetic exploration can promote robust later learning. This may have the same effect as infants' curiosity‐based learning by which they shape their own curriculum. However, introducing new goals cannot wait too long, as there may be critical periods in development after which agents (as humans) cannot flexibly learn to incorporate new objectives. These lessons are making their way into machine learning and offer exciting new avenues for studying both human and machine learning of sequential action.
Complications associated with long‐term positive‐pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 67 cases
Authors: Cagle Laura A. , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the complications associated with positive‐pressure ventilation (PPV) in dogs and cats.DesignRetrospective study from October 2009 to September 2013.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital.AnimalsFifty‐eight dogs and 9 cats.Measurements and main resultsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed; signalment, complications associated with PPV, duration of PPV, and outcome were recorded. Complications most commonly recorded during PPV included hypothermia 41/67 (61%), hypotension 39/67 (58%), cardiac arrhythmias 33/67 (49%), a positive fluid balance 31/67 (46%), oral lesions 25/67 (37%), and corneal ulcerations 24/67 (36%). A definition of ventilator‐associated events (VAE) extrapolated from the Center of Disease Control's criteria was applied to 21 cases that received PPV for at least 4 days in this study. Ventilator‐associated conditions occurred in 5 of 21 (24%) of cases with infection‐related ventilator‐associated conditions and ventilator‐associated pneumonia identified in 3 of 21 (14%) cases.ConclusionsComplications are common and diverse in dogs and cats receiving long‐term PPV and emphasizes the importance of intensive, continuous patient monitoring and appropriate nursing care protocols. Many of the complications identified could be serious without intervention and suggests that appropriate equipment alarms could improve patient safety. Development of veterinary specific surveillance tools such as the VAE criteria would aid future investigations and allow for effective multicenter studies.
Continuous Improvement in the IMSE Program of Kuwait University
Authors: Allahverdi Ali , Alhashemi Jawad , Sarkar Kanti 
Published: January 2022

Continuous improvement of an engineering program is essential and a critical process. Development and implementation of such a process is not only required by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), but it is also a necessary condition for the maturation and development of any engineering program. This paper describes the process employed by the Industrial and Management Systems Engineering (IMSE) program at Kuwait University to continuously improve its program. The employed process includes identification of the lowest score among the seven student outcomes specified by ABET. Next, the courses in the IMSE curriculum addressing this student outcome are identified, and the instructors teaching these courses took remedial actions. In the following semesters, this outcome was measured, and it was found that there is a significant improvement on this outcome. Other engineering programs can benefit from the process described in this paper.
Investigation on Vibro-Impacts of Driveline System Based on a Nonlinear Clearance Element With Time-Varying Stiffness and Oil-Squeeze Damping
Authors: Xia Yuanfeng , Pang Jian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The transient vibro-impacts induced by clearance between the connected rotors in driveline system easily causes serious transient noise and vibration, especially between the gear teeth with backlash. To analyze the transient vibro-impacts of the driveline system excited by a step-down engine torque, a new piecewise nonlinear clearance element with time-varying stiffness and oil squeeze damping is proposed, and an eight degrees-of-freedom (DOF) lumped parameters model with the new piecewise nonlinear clearance elements is established. The transient vibro-impact phenomena of the vehicle driveline during fast disengagement of the clutch are numerically simulated. Colormaps of angular acceleration and vibro-impact force shows the difference of frequency components from transient impact to stable tooth-meshing. The phase plane reveals the phenomenon of multiple impacts and rebounds in each transient impact and shows the relationship between the relative contact displacement and velocity. The frequency responses of the angular velocity, angular acceleration, and vibro-impact forces with time-varying stiffness and linear stiffness are compared, respectively. Compared with the widely used clearance element with piecewise linear stiffness, the new nonlinear clearance element with the piecewise nonlinear time-varying stiffness can better reveal the transient vibro-impact responses between the driving and driven gears. Lastly, the transient vibro-impact results of driveline system are verified by the vehicle experiments.
One-Dimensional Modeling for Pulsed Flow Twin-Entry Turbine
Authors: Yang Bijie , Martinez-Botas Ricardo , Xue Yingxian , Yang Mingyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) modeling is critical for turbomachinery unsteady performance prediction and system response assessment of internal combustion engines. This paper uses a novel 1D modeling (TURBODYNA) and proposes two additional features for the application to a twin-entry turbocharger turbine. Compared to single-entry turbines, twin-entry turbines enhance turbocharger transient response and reduce engine exhaust valve overlap periods. However, out-of-phase high-frequency pulsating pressure waves lead to an unsteady mixing process from the two flows and pose great challenges to traditional 1D modeling. The present work resolves the mixing problem by directly solving mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations during the mixing process instead of applying constant pressure assumption at the limb–rotor joint. Comparisons of TURBODYNA and an experimentally validated CFD suggest that TURBODYNA cannot only provide a very good agreement on turbine performance but also accurately capture unsteady features due to flow field inertial and pressure wave propagation. Levels of accuracy achieved by TURBODYNA have proved superior to traditional 1D modeling on turbine performance and the generality of the current 1D modeling has been explored by extending the application to other turbine featuring distinct characteristics.
Genome Analysis of
Klebsiella oxytoca
Complex for Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes
Authors: Long Haiyan , Hu Ya , Feng Yu , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: January 2022

Klebsiella oxytoca
complex comprises nine closely related species causing human infections. We curated genomes labeled
Klebsiella
(
n
= 14,256) in GenBank and identified 588 belonging to the complex, which were examined for precise species, sequence types, K- and O-antigen types, and virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes.
Risk of drug-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the total population of the Netherlands: a time-trend analysis
Authors: Bedene Ajda , van Dorp Eveline L A , Rosendaal Frits R , Dahan Albert , Lijfering Willem M 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveMany prescribed and over-the-counter medications, for example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Recently, a decrease in prescribing of NSAIDs was observed in the Netherlands, but whether a similar decreasing trend could be observed in the incidence of severe UGIB (either fatal or requiring hospitalisation), contingent on medication prescription, is unknown.DesignWe conducted a cohort study using Dutch national statistics on pharmacy claims, hospitalisation and mortality between 2013 and 2018. We explored the incidence of sex-specific and age-specific severe UGIB in four (sub)populations: (A) total population, (B) without a filled prescrption for NSAIDs, (C) without filled prescriptions for NSAIDs and antithrombotic agents, (D) without any risk factors for UGIB.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of severe UGIB did not decrease throughout the study period, regardless of the subgroup analysis. In the total population, it was 199 per 100 000 inhabitants (95% CI 197 to 201) in 2013–2014 and 260 (95% CI 258 to 263) in 2017–2018. The absolute risk of severe UGIB was 50% lower in the subgroup B than in the full cohort. It decreased further by 50% in the subgroup D when compared with subgroup B. The risk of severe UGIB was 1.5–1.9 fold higher in young women than in young men; an indication of over-the-counter NSAIDs use being more prevalent in women than men in this age group.ConclusionWe found no evidence to support a relationship between reduced prescribing of NSAIDs and the incidence of severe UGIB in the Netherlands since 2013. The relationship was also not observed when we removed the effect of risk factors.