bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Fields in Visual Computing and Beyond
Authors: Xie Yiheng , Takikawa Towaki , Saito Shunsuke , Litany Or , Yan Shiqin , Khan Numair , Tombari Federico , Tompkin James , sitzmann Vincent , Sridhar Srinath 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent advances in machine learning have led to increased interest in solving visual computing problems using methods that employ coordinate‐based neural networks. These methods, which we callneural fields, parameterize physical properties of scenes or objects across space and time. They have seen widespread success in problems such as 3D shape and image synthesis, animation of human bodies, 3D reconstruction, and pose estimation. Rapid progress has led to numerous papers, but a consolidation of the discovered knowledge has not yet emerged. We provide context, mathematical grounding, and a review of over 250 papers in the literature on neural fields. InPart I, we focus on neural field techniques by identifying common components of neural field methods, including different conditioning, representation, forward map, architecture, and manipulation methods. InPart II, we focus on applications of neural fields to different problems in visual computing, and beyond (e.g., robotics, audio). Our review shows the breadth of topics already covered in visual computing, both historically and in current incarnations, and highlights the improved quality, flexibility, and capability brought by neural field methods. Finally, we present a companion website that acts as a living database that can be continually updated by the community.
Authoring Virtual Crowds: A Survey
Authors: Lemonari Marilena , Blanco Rafael , Charalambous Panayiotis , Pelechano Nuria , Avraamides Marios , Pettré Julien , Chrysanthou Yiorgos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in crowd simulation unravel a wide range of functionalities for virtual agents, delivering highly‐realistic, natural virtual crowds. Such systems are of particular importance to a variety of applications in fields such as: entertainment (e.g., movies, computer games); architectural and urban planning; and simulations for sports and training. However, providing their capabilities to untrained users necessitates the development of authoring frameworks. Authoring virtual crowds is a complex and multi‐level task, varying from assuming control and assisting users to realise their creative intents, to delivering intuitive and easy to use interfaces, facilitating such control. In this paper, we present a categorisation of the authorable crowd simulation components, ranging from high‐level behaviours and path‐planning to local movements, as well as animation and visualisation. We provide a review of the most relevant methods in each area, emphasising the amount and nature of influence that the users have over the final result. Moreover, we discuss the currently available authoring tools (e.g., graphical user interfaces, drag‐and‐drop), identifying the trends of early and recent work. Finally, we suggest promising directions for future research that mainly stem from the rise of learning‐based methods, and the need for a unified authoring framework.
A Survey on SPH Methods in Computer Graphics
Authors: Koschier Dan , Bender Jan , Solenthaler Barbara , Teschner Matthias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThroughout the past decades, the graphics community has spent major resources on the research and development of physics simulators on the mission to computer‐generate behaviors achieving outstanding visual effects or to make the virtual world indistinguishable from reality. The variety and impact of recent research based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) demonstrates the concept's importance as one of the most versatile tools for the simulation of fluids and solids. With this survey, we offer an overview of the developments and still‐active research on physics simulation methodologies based on SPH that has not been addressed in previous SPH surveys. Following an introduction about typical SPH discretization techniques, we provide an overview over the most used incompressibility solvers and present novel insights regarding their relation and conditional equivalence. The survey further covers recent advances in implicit and particle‐based boundary handling and sampling techniques. While SPH is best known in the context of fluid simulation we discuss modern concepts to augment the range of simulatable physical characteristics including turbulence, highly viscous matter, deformable solids, as well as rigid body contact handling. Besides the purely numerical approaches, simulation techniques aided by machine learning are on the rise. Thus, the survey discusses recent data‐driven approaches and the impact of differentiable solvers on artist control. Finally, we provide context for discussion by outlining existing problems and opportunities to open up new research directions.
Mapping a conservation research network to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Canty Steven W. J. , Nowakowski A. Justin , Connette Grant M. , Deichmann Jessica L. , Songer Melissa , Chiaravalloti Rafael , Dodge Molly , Feistner Anna T. C. , Fergus Craig , Hall Jefferson S. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Linares‐Palomino Reynaldo , McField Melanie , Ogburn Matthew B. , Velez‐Zuazo Ximena , Akre Thomas S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a global blueprint to end extreme poverty, reduce inequality, and protect the planet. Progress toward these goals is falling short. Achieving the SDGs requires coordination among government, private industry, and nongovernmental organizations to align the actions of multiple sectors with SDG targets. Adapting an approach used by industry sectors, we mapped the Smithsonian Institution Working Land and Seascapes network to the SDGs. The network of programs aims to foster healthy and productive ecosystems through collaborations with diverse stakeholders. Across the network, we identified clear and measurable contributions to 16 of the 17 SDGs and specifically mapped past and current activities to 76 of the 169 targets, thereby demonstrating how conservation actions can contribute to achieving the SDGs, beyond SDGs 14 and 15. We also identified the need for clear results chain and greater capacity to achieve the SDGs and then provide examples of how different sectors can increase complementarity of their actions. By mapping activities to the SDGs, different sectors can increase alignment and strengthen collective contributions towards common global goals.
Reduced tear thrombospondin‐1/matrix metalloproteinase‐9 ratio can aid in detecting Sjögren's syndrome etiology in patients with dry eye
Authors: Masli Sharmila , Akpek Esen K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferentiating patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS)‐associated dry eye from non‐SS dry eye is critical for monitoring and appropriate management of possible sight‐ or life‐threatening extraglandular complications associated with SS. We tested whether reduced tear levels of immunoregulatory thrombospondin (TSP)‐1, which also inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, would reflect SS pathogenesis aiding the identification of patients with SS‐dry eye. Total of 61 participants, including healthy controls (n = 20), patients with non‐SS dry eye (n = 20) and SS‐dry eye (n = 21) were enrolled prospectively. Tear TSP‐1 and MMP‐9 levels were measured using a custom magnetic bead‐based multi‐plex assay in a masked manner. Analyte concentrations were assessed further according to ocular surface and tear film parameters. Relative to median tear TSP‐1 (308 ng/ml) and MMP‐9 (1.9 ng/ml) levels in the control group, significantly higher proportion of patients with SS‐dry eye than non‐SS had lower tear TSP‐1 levels (55% vs. 29%, odds ratio [OR] = 3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64 to 5.35, p < 0.05) and higher tear MMP‐9 levels (65% vs. 24%, OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 4.46 to 19.81, p < 0.05), respectively. The tear TSP‐1/MMP‐9 ratio was significantly reduced in patients with SS‐dry eye compared to non‐SS (B = −2.36, 95% CI = −3.94 to −0.0.79, p < 0.05), regardless of tear MMP‐9 levels. Patients with a lower ratio were 2.3 times more likely to have SS (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.1 to 0.75, p < 0.05). This ratio showed significant inverse correlations with clinical parameters (conjunctival and corneal staining scores). Our results denote that tear TSP‐1/MMP‐9 ratio can be useful in identifying patients with dry eye with underlying SS and used as a screening test.
The Effects of E‐Commerce on Regional Poverty Reduction: Evidence from China's Rural E‐Commerce Demonstration County Program
Authors: Qin Yong , Fang Yingfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper uses the Rural E‐Commerce Demonstration County (REDC) policy to estimate the effect of e‐commerce on poverty reduction. We discover that the REDC policy enhanced the gross regional product per capita by 8.4 percent for the total sample of counties and 10.5 percent for a subsample of poor counties. Specifically, the REDC policy increased the aggregate final product in primary industry by 10.6 percent. The final product per capita in the secondary and service sectors was 13.1 percent and 3.3 percent higher in the REDCs than in other counties, respectively. The effects were even greater for the subsample of poor counties. The estimates demonstrate that e‐commerce developed quickly in the REDCs since the implementation of the REDC policy. The income of those involved in e‐commerce increased, yielding more aggregate savings deposits. The expansion of e‐commerce induced more investment, suggesting that more aggregate loans are being made in REDCs. This evidence suggests new opportunities for poor people in the new digital economy.
Is Bilateral Value Added in Trade between China and EU Countries Efficient?
Authors: Mao Haiou , Xiong Ling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBy applying stochastic frontier analysis, and replacing total export with value added in exports as a more accurate measure of domestic content embodied in exports, we estimate the trade efficiency between China and EU countries and analyze the determinant factors. The results show that the value added in trade between China and EU countries is running at a low level of efficiency, and the trade efficiency has an obvious imbalance between export and import. Our calculation of unexplored trade potential indicates that western EU countries, such as France, Germany, Italy, and Spain together are China's top trading partner with the highest unexploited trade potential. Based on the principal component analysis of 14 trading‐related variables, trade efficiency determinant results show that the tangible trade infrastructures of both exporter and importer matters most, including airports, container shipping, Internet, and broadband infrastructures. Meanwhile, intangible trade infrastructures, including customs procedures and domestic business environments, has a significant, but smaller influence on trade efficiency. Our important findings shed light on practical trade policymaking to encourage Sino‐EU trade collaboration.
Why does visual working memory ability improve with age: More objects, more feature detail, or both? A registered report
Authors: Forsberg Alicia , Adams Eryn J. , Cowan Nelson 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated how visual working memory (WM) develops with age across the early elementary school period (6–7 years), early adolescence (11–13 years), and early adulthood (18–25 years). The work focuses on changes in two parameters: the number of objects retained at least in part, and the amount of feature‐detail remembered for such objects. Some evidence suggests that, while infants can remember up to three objects, much like adults, young children only remember around two objects. This curious, nonmonotonic trajectory might be explained by differences in the level of feature‐detail required for successful performance in infant versus child/adult memory paradigms. Here, we examined if changes in one of two parameters (the number of objects, and the amount of detail retained for each object) or both of them together can explain the development of visual WM ability as children grow older. To test it, we varied the amount of feature‐detail participants need to retain. In the baseline condition, participants saw an array of objects and simply were to indicate whether an object was present in a probed location or not. This phase begun with a titration procedure to adjust each individual's array size to yield about 80% correct. In other conditions, we tested memory of not only location but also additional features of the objects (color, and sometimes also orientation). Our results suggest that capacity growth across ages is expressed by both improved location‐memory (whether there was an object in a location) and feature completeness of object representations.
Incidental detection of accessory mitral valve in adolescent with atrial septal defect: Diagnosis with 3D transesophageal echocardiography and excision with transaortic method
Authors: Azak Emine , Aydın Nuri Hakan , Ecevit Niyazi Ata , Cetin Ibrahim Ilker , Golbasi Zehra 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT) is an extremely rare causes left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and is usually incidentally detected in childhood. It is often associated with other cardiac and vascular congenital malformations.Case PresentationIn this case, we present a 15‐year‐old girl was diagnosed with AMVT by transesophageal echocardiography, resulting in LVOT obstruction during systole. Interestingly enough, the patient's accessory mitral valve remained undetected for years until he became symptomatic for wide ASD. Successful closure of the ASD with resection of the AMVT was performed with a transaortic approach. The patient was hemodynamically stable postoperatively. There were no abnormalities in the mitral valves and LVOT.ConclusionIt was also unusual to see AMVT with ASD instead of other frequently associated other congenital anomalies. Accessory mitral valve should be considered a rare but important cause of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in childhood.
How far have we come? A historic scoping review of dental traumatology literature
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Kahler Bill , Srivastav Sukeshana , Goel Shubhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe status of the protocols used for the management of dental trauma (DT) in the eighteenth and early nineteenth‐century is largely unknown. The end of World War II saw a tremendous resurgence of high quality research and the development of codes of ethics and publishing. The aim of this scoping review was to analyse articles related to aspects of DT published before 1945 in the English language. An expert group discussion was done to create an a priori protocol based on the PRISMA‐2020‐guidelines' extension for scoping reviews. A systematic search strategy based upon the Population (P), Exposure (E), Comparator (C), Outcome (O) and Time (T) was performed in five databases on 10 February 2022. Filters were used to identify the literature until 1945, and duplicates were removed. The scrutiny of the titles and abstracts and later the full texts was performed as per the pre‐defined eligibility criteria. The grey literature and archives of the English language dentistry literature were searched, and a reference search was also performed. A total of 13 studies were selected from the databases and 20 from the reference searching. The first reported article was from the year 1872. Two other case reports had been published by 1899 and three more before World War I (1914). The majority of the studies originated from the United States of America. Nineteen were case reports, five were original research articles, two were classifications and guidelines papers, and one was a review. During the period before 1945, 33 articles were published regarding DT. The articles were mostly related to the description of cases, although there were a few original research papers. A significant observation, contrary to popular belief, was the presence of articles related to conservative management of injuries to tooth roots and the dental pulp. A progression in terms of the quality of protocols over time was also observed.
Microbial regulation of net N mineralisation is driven by C, N, P content and stoichiometry
Authors: Wang Qiqi , Gao Wei , Bol Roland , Xiao Qiong , Wu Lei , Zhang Wenju 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSoil net nitrogen mineralisation (Nt) is crucial for nitrogen availability and ecosystem productivity. However, the patterns and drivers of Nt remain unclear under different management practices. We examined the biotic and abiotic determinants of Nt, using 11 treatments in Northern China fluvo‐aquic soil under wheat–maize rotation. Biotic properties, for example, soil microbial community, were determined based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) together with high‐throughput sequencing technologies. Abiotic properties were characterised by the content and stoichiometric ratios of soil nutrients. Animal manure applications (HNM, NM, M, FM) significantly increased the Nt (1.80–3.40 mg kg−1) and available phosphorus (Olsen‐P) (46.3–199.3 mg kg−1), compared with treatments with plant residues (NG, NS) incorporation. Fallow with animal manure (FM) had the highest Gram‐negative bacteria (G‐, 29.3 nmol g−1), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, 4.57 nmol g−1) abundance, which was also significantly higher than that of the NG and NS. Structural Equation Modelling revealed that the content of total nutrient, including soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) rather than biotic properties, such as microbial community (λ = −0.26) and enzyme activities (λ = −0.16), had the strongest direct effect on Nt (λ = 0.85). Stoichiometric ratios of C, N, and P controlled Nt indirectly by mediating enzyme activities. Specifically, high Nt was associated with low Dothideomycetes, Tectomicrobia abundance that negatively correlated with SOC, TN, TP, Olsen‐P, and BG activity. Random forest model indicated that SOC and Olsen‐P contents were top‐rated determinants of Nt. Our result indicated that the content and stoichiometric ratios of SOC and N, P directly drive Nt or via microbial ways. Our study highlighted the importance of P to improve Nt: animal manure was thus recommended for nitrogen availability.Highlights
Animal manure significantly enhanced Nt rather than plant residue incorporation
Nt is negatively correlated with the AN:Olsen‐P ratio and Dothideomycetes abundance
Stoichiometric ratios of nutrients associated with enzymes activities regulate Nt
SOC and Olsen‐P affected Nt as key factors under N enrichment conditions
Application of mixed‐effects modelling and rule‐based models to explain copper variation in soil profiles of southern Germany
Authors: Ludwig Bernard , Wölfel Petra , Greenberg Isabel , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Spörlein Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCopper (Cu) is an essential element for plants and microorganisms and at larger concentrations a toxic pollutant. A number of factors controlling Cu dynamics have been reported, but information on quantitative relationships is scarce. We aimed to (i) quantitatively describe and predict soil Cu concentrations (CuAR) in aqua regia considering site‐specific effects and effects of pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and (ii) study the suitability of mixed‐effects modelling and rule‐based models for the analysis of long‐term soil monitoring data. Thirteen uncontaminated long‐term monitoring soil profiles in southern Germany were analysed. Since there was no measurable trend of increasing CuAR concentrations with time in the respective depth ranges of the sites, data from different sampling dates were combined and horizon‐specific regression analyses including model simplifications were carried out for 10 horizons. Fixed‐ and mixed‐effects models with the site as a random effect were useful for the different horizons and significant contributions (either of main effects or interactions) of SOC, CEC and pH were present for 9, 8 and 7 horizons, respectively. Horizon‐specific rule‐based cubist models described the CuAR data similarly well. Validations of cubist models and mixed‐effects models for the CuAR concentrations in A horizons were successful for the given population after random splitting into calibration and validation samples, but not after independent validations with random splitting according to sites. Overall, site, CEC, SOC and pH provide important information for a description of CuAR concentrations using the different regression approaches.Highlights
Information on quantitative relationships for factors controlling Cu dynamics is scarce
Site, CEC, SOC and pH provide important information for a description of Cu concentrations
Validations of cubist models and mixed‐effects models for A horizons were successful for a closed population of sites
Care in times of the pandemic: Rethinking meanings of work in the university
Authors: Altan‐Olcay Özlem , Bergeron Suzanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we challenge the meanings of work that marginalize academic activities associated with care and contribute to inequitable gender divisions of academic labor. We argue that the pandemic crisis and the revision of the meaning of “essential work” that accompanied it has served as a catalyst for such concerns to get a hearing. But while there has been significant attention paid to domestic care demands and their impact on academic labor, there is less focus on the caretaking work we do in the university even though the gender unequal distribution of teaching, mentoring and service work has also intensified in the pandemic. We argue that this is in part due to the institutional discourses and practices that continue to devalue many components of everyday academic labor. In order to challenge these limits, we extend ideas from Feminist political economy (FPE) to university settings in order to reframe academic labor and revalue care as an essential part of it. We offer two suggestions, connected to FPE methodologies, for gathering and reconceptualizing data on academic work to push the project forward. We conclude with the argument that this project of revaluing caring labor is essential for achieving goals of equity, faculty well‐being, and the sustainability of universities.
Comparison of the functionality of egg white liquid with different desugaring treatments
Authors: Wang Tingting , Chang Cuihua , Gu Luping , Su Yujie , Zhang Ming , Yang Yanjun , Li Junhua 
Published: May 2022

SummaryDesugaring is a necessary step to prevent undesirable attributes of the egg white (EW) products. In this study, the effects of yeast fermentation and glucose oxidase (GOD) method on the functionalities of EW were compared. Yeast fermentation treatment led to the formation of poor EW gel with low hardness due to the porous structure brought by increased foam capacity (FC). In contrast, GOD treatment increased the hardness of EW gel by increasing the surface hydrophobicity (H0) and ordered secondary structure and decreased the foaming capacity and stability of EW by decreasing absolute potential. In addition, the foam structure became more compact after yeast fermentation compared to GOD treatment. However, the water holding capacity (WHC) of both EW gels with desugaring treatments decreased due to the porosity of the internal gel network confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. These results provide a guide for the selection of sugar‐free EW liquid in the subsequent application.