bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Neurosurgeons in the German Democratic Republic and its First Congresses in Divided Germany
Authors: Synowitz Michael , Rosenow Detlef , Synowitz Hans-Joachim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe German Society of Neurosurgery (DGNC) was founded in Bonn in 1950 and saw itself as the all-German representation of neurosurgeons. The development of neurosurgery in divided Germany was different in each case as part of a system and was not unaffected by the confrontation between the two blocs (cold war), which also had a negative impact on the field of science. Thus, early on, restrictions on intra-German travel from the East made normal relations difficult. But travel restrictions also came from the West, where an Allied Travel Office in West Berlin decided whether an East German could enter a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) country. Nevertheless, it was possible that Georg Merrem from Leipzig took over the second chairmanship of the board of the DGNC of the election period from 1960 to 1962 and eight individual memberships of German Democratic Republic (GDR) neurosurgeons were still tolerated by the state side. The construction of the Berlin Wall on August 13, 1961 meant that these connections also collapsed. Merrem, at that time the only full professor of neurosurgery in the GDR, founded the “Association of Neurosurgeons in the GDR” in 1962 in agreement with the state authorities. With the foundation of a GDR neurosurgeons' society, the demarcation from the DGNC desired by the state was visibly accomplished. There were no official relations between the two neurosurgical societies. During the period of its existence until 1990, the entire work of the East German society was under the guidance and control of state institutions, which in turn derived their work from the guidelines of the party and the decisions of the council of ministers. Using the example of the congress activities of the first 5 years after the Wall was built, we show this dependence on state institutions. It extends from congress planning to reporting. With available figures of participating speakers from West Germany and other countries, it is demonstrated for the individual congresses in Leipzig, Magdeburg, and Erfurt that the German–German connection was continued despite all adverse circumstances. The presence of West German colleagues, who were not deterred from attending the congress even by the construction of the Berlin Wall, can be seen as a visible expression of an unbroken togetherness. However, already in 1967, the party and the council of ministers passed the resolution “On the organization of work in the field of science and culture of the GDR to West Germany as well as West Berlin.” This regulated membership, the associated travel, and the conditions for publications in West German journals. Among other things, this directive prohibited membership in scientific societies, including the DGNC, based in West Germany. The organization of its own congresses took on a special significance because a congress visit from East to West was regulated by the state and thus only possible in isolated cases.
Molecular Detection of Carbapenemase Enzymes Directly from Positive Blood Cultures Using Xpert Carba-R
Authors: Nayak Gayatree , Behera Bijayini , Mahapatra Ashoka , Tripathy Swagata , Biswal Jyoti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective The performance of Xpert Carba-R assay for the direct identification of carbapenemases directly from positive blood culture vials was evaluated.
Materials and Methods In total, 176 positively flagged blood culture vials, yielding carbapenem-resistant GNB (CR-GNB), were enrolled for the detection and differentiation of blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA-48, and blaIMP using Xpert Carba-R.
Results Klebsiella pneumoniae (76/176, 43.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii complex (67/176, 38%), and Escherichia coli (29/176,16.4%) were the predominant isolates. Overall, NDM production was the commonest (61/176, 34.6%), followed by the co-production of NDM + OXA-48 and the absence of any CR gene (44/176, 25%), followed by OXA-48 (27/176, 15.3%). In CR K. pneumoniae, the co-production of NDM + OXA-48 was most frequent (34/76, 44.7%), whereas in the A. baumannii complex, no CR gene was detected in the majority of isolates (38/67, 56.7%). bla NDM was the commonest gene in E. coli (18/29, 62%) and A. baumannii complex (26/67, 38.8%).
Conclusion Xpert Carba-R can identify the molecular mechanism of CR within hours after a blood culture turns positive and, thus, has the potential for optimization of antimicrobial therapy, choosing appropriate novel β-lactam combination agents, as well as infection control interventions.
Safe Technique of Coronary Button Preparation in Redo Bentall Operation
Authors: Ohira Suguru , Malekan Ramin , Kai Masashi , Spielvogel David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe introduce a technique of coronary button reconstruction in performing a redo Bentall procedure. A coronary button is prepared leaving a 3 to 4 mm rim of old Dacron graft surrounding the previous button. The Dacron rim may be sewn to the new aortic root graft directly or via an interposed 8- or 10-mm graft, using a modified Cabrol technique. If the button is comprised of good tissue and can be well-mobilized, it is removed from the Dacron rim and anastomosed directly to the new Dacron graft.
Mechanical Ventilation for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Brioni Matteo , Meli Andrea , Grasselli Giacomo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently needed in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While NIV can be delivered in hospital wards and nonintensive care environments, intubated patients require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and support. Thus, the lack of ICU beds generated by the pandemic has often forced the use of NIV in severely hypoxemic patients treated outside the ICU. In this context, awake prone positioning has been widely adopted to ameliorate oxygenation during noninvasive respiratory support. Still, the incidence of NIV failure and the role of patient self-induced lung injury on hospital outcomes of COVID-19 subjects need to be elucidated. On the other hand, endotracheal intubation is indicated when gas exchange deterioration, muscular exhaustion, and/or neurological impairment ensue. Yet, the best timing for intubation in COVID-19 is still widely debated, as it is the safest use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Not differently from other types of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the aim of MV during COVID-19 is to provide adequate gas exchange while avoiding ventilator-induced lung injury. At the same time, the use of rescue therapies is advocated when standard care is unable to guarantee sufficient organ support. Nevertheless, the general shortage of health care resources experienced during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic might affect the utilization of high-cost, highly specialized, and long-term supports. In this article, we describe the state-of-the-art of NIV and MV setting and their usage for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients.
Comparison of Chronic Postsurgical Pain Between Single-Port and Multi-Port Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Resection: A Prospective Study
Authors: Jin Juying , Du Xunsong , Min Su , Liu Ling 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Little is known about the prevalence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) among patients receiving single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery (SP-VATS) compared with those undergoing multi-port VATS (MP-VATS). This study aimed to compare the incidence of CPSP between SP-VATS and MP-VATS lung resection and assess how the pain affected the daily living activities of this patient population.
Methods We prospectively collected data regarding the demographic features, clinical factors during surgery, the intensity of acute postoperative pain, and complications after surgery among patients receiving elective SP-VATS or MP-VATS lung resection at our institution between June 2015 and August 2018. At 3-, 6-, and 12-months following surgery, the patients were followed up through a telephonic interview. The Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form was adopted to assess the incidence, severity and location of the CPSP, analgesic consumption, as well as the interference of pain with daily activities.
Results In total, 476 patients were screened for eligibility, 411 patients were followed up for 12 months and included in final analysis. Among these, 190 patients had undergone an SP-VATS pulmonary resection and 221 had an MP-VATS pulmonary resection. At both 3 and 6 months, the incidence of CPSP in the SP-VATS group was lower than that in the MP-VATS group (25.3 vs. 38.0%, p = 0.006; 11.1 vs. 19.0%, p = 0.026, respectively). At 12 months after surgery, the prevalence of CPSP was comparable between groups (4.7 vs, 9.0%, p = 0.089). In addition, the SP-VATS technique alleviated pain interference with the daily living activities of patients with CPSP in several domains, including sleep, mood, and enjoyment of life compared with the MP-VATS technique. The two predictive factors for CPSP at postoperative 3 months were the MP-VATS technique (odds ratio [OR] = 1.792, p = 0.019) and postoperative chemotherapy (OR = 1.718, p = 0.033).
Conclusions This study indicated that the SP-VATS technique reduced the prevalence of CPSP at 3- and 6-months post-pulmonary resection compared with the MP-VATS technique. The SP-VATS technique also significantly alleviated pain interference with the daily living activities of the patients.
Evaporation of supercritical droplets in an electric field using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Liu Lu-Hao , Han Yi-Fan , Wang Qun , Fu Qing-Fei 
Published: April 2022

This paper studies the combined impacts of electric field and supercritical environment on the evaporation processes of a water droplet. The effects of electric field (0–1.2 V/Å), background temperature (600–1200 K), and pressure (6–56 MPa) on the droplet evaporation and deformation are considered. Simulation results reveal that water droplets would break out into small droplets, which could merge into a large droplet with relatively large electric field. The electric field also shows a dual impact on the evaporation processes. In particular, the evaporation rate would be accelerated first and then suppressed due to the interactions among these water molecules. This rate is not enlarged obviously with the threshold values of the varied combined fields.
Effect of boundary conditions and n-heptane on methyl decanoate HCCI combustion and emission based on two-stroke diesel engine
Authors: Wang Shiye , Zhang Jundong , Xia Wenwen , Yao Li 
Published: April 2022

The initial boundary conditions, combustion, and emission characteristics of methyl decanoate (MD) mixed with different proportions of n-heptane (N-Hep) for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) are studied in this work. MAN B&W 6S70MC two-stroke diesel engine was used as the engine model of the reactor. The results showed that, when the equivalence ratio is 0.48, the NO emissions in the MD and N-Hep HCCI combustion process decrease with the decrease of the initial temperature. The initial temperature is determined to be 380 K. At the same time, NO emissions decrease with the increase of initial pressure, and the initial pressure is determined to be 1.3 atm. The results also indicate that, at a certain initial temperature, the initial pressure and total mole fraction of fuel, CO2, NOx reaction rates, and emissions are reduced significantly with the increase of N-Hep percentage in MD and N-Hep mixing combustion.
Commentary
Authors: Taguchi Naoko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ariadna Sánchez-Hernández presents five articles that showcase current trends of study abroad research in second language (L2) pragmatics. The study abroad context has attracted a large number of empirical investigations in L2 pragmatics (for a review, see Pérez Vidal & Shively, 2019). The popularity of the study abroad context in pragmatics is understandable when we consider the nature of pragmatic competence. Pragmatic competence involves linguistic knowledge, sociocultural knowledge, and the ability to interact with others appropriately using these knowledge bases (Taguchi, 2017). As such, the study abroad context, which offers opportunities to observe cultural norms and to practice contextually appropriate language use, is a prime site for pragmatic development. In this commentary, I focus on three innovative aspects of study abroad pragmatics research that run across the five studies in this volume: (1) longitudinal research design, (2) technology-enhanced data collection methods, and (3) pre-departure instruction focusing on pragmatics. For each aspect, I present critical reflections and recommendations for future research.
Spanish and English compliment responses in discourse
Authors: Czerwionka Lori , Dickerson Sydney 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis investigation of second language (L2) pragmatic development over a six-week, short-term study abroad program examines compliment responses among English-speaking, L2 learners of Spanish, and compares the L2 group to native speakers of Spanish and English. Data were collected by offering a compliment during interviews, thus eliciting naturalistic compliment responses in a uniform context. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of this corpus offered a discourse-level analysis of compliment responses as a (co)constructed and multimodal speech act. Results revealed cross-cultural differences in the use of appreciation tokens (e.g., “thanks”), nodding, and compliment-compliment response discourse structures (i.e., English: pragmatic routine with appreciation; Spanish: co-constructed agreement). L2 learners’ compliment responses before and after study abroad aligned with English speaker norms. Thus, compliment responses in the L2 may not be salient for L2 learners. Results highlighted cross-cultural differences in the speech acts used to respond to a compliment and the complex issue of interlanguage pragmatics.
Effects of linguistic proficiency on speech act development in L2 Chinese during study abroad
Authors: Li Shuai , Tang Xiaofei , Taguchi Naoko , Xiao Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of different levels of linguistic proficiency on the development of multiple speech acts during study abroad. Participants were 109 American learners of Chinese recruited from a study abroad program in China. They were divided into a higher proficiency (HP) group and a lower proficiency (LP) group based on their scores on a standardized Chinese proficiency test. The participants completed a computerized oral Discourse Completion Test (DCT) that assessed the production of compliment response, refusal, and request as pre- and posttests. The learners’ oral productions were analyzed according to measures of appropriateness rating and speech rate. Linguistic analysis was performed to examine changes in strategy preference and distribution across the three speech acts. Results revealed a complex relationship between proficiency, speech act type, pragmatic performance measure (e.g., appropriateness, speech rate), and ways that pragmatic changes are evaluated (e.g., developmental trajectory, amount of gain).
Coarse-grained modeling of crystals by the amplitude expansion of the phase-field crystal model: an overview
Authors: Salvalaglio Marco , Elder Ken R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Comprehensive investigations of crystalline systems often require methods bridging atomistic and continuum scales. In this context, coarse-grained mesoscale approaches are of particular interest as they allow the examination of large systems and time scales while retaining some microscopic details. The so-called phase-field crystal (PFC) model conveniently describes crystals at diffusive time scales through a continuous periodic field which varies on atomic scales and is related to the atomic number density. To go beyond the restrictive atomic length scales of the PFC model, a complex amplitude formulation was first developed by Goldenfeld et al (2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 020601). While focusing on length scales larger than the lattice parameter, this approach can describe crystalline defects, interfaces, and lattice deformations. It has been used to examine many phenomena including liquid/solid fronts, grain boundary energies, and strained films. This topical review focuses on this amplitude expansion of the PFC model and its developments. An overview of the derivation, connection to the continuum limit, representative applications, and extensions is presented. A few practical aspects, such as suitable numerical methods and examples, are illustrated as well. Finally, the capabilities and bounds of the model, current challenges, and future perspectives are addressed.
Optimisation of multi-petawatt laser-driven proton acceleration in the relativistic transparency regime
Authors: Goodman J , King M , Wilson R , Gray R J , McKenna P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Laser-driven proton acceleration from ultrathin foils in the relativistic transparency regime is investigated using 2D and 3D particle-in-cell simulations. The optimisation of the maximum proton energy and the overall laser-to-proton energy conversion efficiency with the onset of transparency is investigated for linearly and circularly polarised laser light at intensities up to 2 × 1023 W cm−2. The effects of the rising edge of the laser intensity profile and radiation reaction at the most extreme laser intensity are considered. It is found that the time at which transparency occurs relative to the peak of the laser pulse interacting with the plasma is a defining parameter in the optimisation of proton acceleration, over the full range of parameters explored.
Update on the Systematics in the ALMA Proposal Review Process After Cycle 8
Authors: Carpenter John M. , Corvillón Andrea , Meyer Jennifer Donovan , Plunkett Adele L. , Kurowski Robert , Chalevin Alex , Macías Enrique 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present an updated analysis of systematics in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) proposal ranks to include the last two ALMA cycles, when significant changes were introduced in the proposal review process. In Cycle 7, the investigator list on the proposal cover sheet was randomized such that the reviewers were aware of the overall proposal team but did not know the identity of the principal investigator (PI). In Cycle 8, ALMA adopted distributed peer review for most proposals and implemented dual-anonymous review for all proposals, in which the identity of the proposal team was not revealed to the reviewers. The most significant change in the systematics in Cycles 7 and 8 compared to previous cycles is related to the experience of PIs in submitting ALMA proposals. PIs that submit a proposal every cycle tend to have ranks that are consistent with average in Cycles 7 and 8, whereas previously they had the best overall ranks. Also, PIs who submitted a proposal for the second time show improved ranks over previous cycles. These results suggest some biases related to the relative prominence of the PI have been present in the ALMA review process. Systematics related to regional affiliation remain largely unchanged in that PIs from Chile, East Asia, and non-ALMA regions tend to have poorer overall ranks than PIs from Europe and North America. The systematics of how one region ranks proposals from another region are also investigated. No significant differences in the overall ranks based on gender of the PI are observed.
Majorana’s stellar representation for the quantum geometric tensor of symmetric states
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Pei Jiancheng , Fu Libin , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Majorana’s stellar representation provides an intuitive picture in which quantum states in high-dimensional Hilbert space can be observed using the trajectory of Majorana stars. We consider the Majorana’s stellar representation of the quantum geometric tensor for a spin state up to spin-3/2. The real and imaginary parts of the quantum geometric tensor, corresponding to the quantum metric tensor and Berry curvature, are therefore obtained in terms of the Majorana stars. Moreover, we work out the expressions of quantum geometric tensor for arbitrary spin in some important cases. Our results will benefit the comprehension of the quantum geometric tensor and provide interesting relations between the quantum geometric tensor and Majorana’s stars.
Shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions *
Authors: He Ke-Jian , Guo Sen , Tan Shuang-Cheng , Li Guo-Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, by exploring photon motion in the region near a Bardeen black hole, we studied the shadow and observed properties of the black hole surrounded by various accretion models. We analyzed the changes in shadow imaging and observed luminosity when the relevant physical parameters are changed. For the different spherical accretion backgrounds, we find that the radius of shadow and the position of the photon sphere do not change, but the observed intensity of shadow in the infalling accretion model is significantly lower than that in the static case. We also studied the contribution of the photon rings, lensing rings and direct emission to the total observed flux when the black hole is surrounded by an optically thin disk accretion. Under the different forms of the emission modes, the results show that the observed brightness is mainly determined by direct emission, while the lensing rings will provide a small part of the observed flux, and the flux provided by the photon ring is negligible. By comparing our results with the Schwarzschild spacetime, we find that the existence or change of relevant status parameters will greatly affect the shape and observed intensity of the black hole shadow. These results support the theory that the change of state parameter will affect the spacetime structure, thus affecting the observed features of black hole shadows.
RooHammerModel: interfacing the HAMMER software tool with HistFactory and RooFit
Authors: García Pardiñas J. , Meloni S. , Grillo L. , Owen P. , Calvi M. , Serra N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent B-physics results have sparkled great interest in
the search for beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics in
b ⟶ cℓν̅ transitions. The need to analyse in a
consistent manner big datasets for these searches, using
high-statistics Monte-Carlo (MC) samples, led to the development of
HAMMER, a software tool which enables to perform a fast morphing of
MC-derived templates to include BSM effects and/or alternative
parameterisations of long-distance effects, avoiding the need to
re-generate simulated samples. This paper describes the development
of RooHammerModel, an interface between this tool and the
commonly-used data-fitting frameworks HistFactory and RooFit. In
this document, the structure and functionality of the user interface
are explained. Information of a public repository where it can be
accessed is provided, as well as validation and performance studies
of the interface. The methods developed in the construction of
RooHammerModel can provide useful information for alternative future
attempts to interface HAMMER with other data-fitting frameworks.