bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving toughness of epoxy resin by in‐situ formed secondary network during tertiary amine initiated curing
Authors: Tian Nan , Zhao Shuo , Liu Yanping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of epoxy resin cured by tertiary amine initiated ring‐open reaction were investigated. Special curing procedures that first at 130°C for different times (facilitating chain transfer/reducing crosslinking density) and then 80°C/2 h–130°C/2 h were used. For cured specimens, the glass transition temperature showed a continuous decrease with increasing time at the first step of curing (t1st step), and the swelling ratio also increased. These changes pointed to a monotonic decrease in crosslinking density. Mechanical properties were characterized by three‐point bending and tensile test. Both the deflection and strain at break showed a sudden increase when t1st step reached 30 min, corresponding well to occurrence of gelation at 130°C. The fracture surface after tensile test was further examined. Rough surface with rupture of fibrillar structure was found when t1st step reached 30 min. These observations all suggest an abrupt increase of toughness related to gelation (t1st step = 30 min). It is explained by formation of network at the first step of curing, which has lower crosslinking density and serves as a secondary toughening network.
Vascular dodecanoic acid of Arabidopsis mediates an insect resistance against Myzus persicae
Authors: Mallick Moumita , Mondal Hossain A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study explores the compatible interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Myzus persicae to reduce host resistance from the previous aphid herbivore‐mediated priming. The resumption of host resistance from the “reduced host resistance” was also recorded in due time when aphid herbivore was removed from leaf foliage. The vascular sap, isolated from the midpoint timing from the “reduced host resistance” to the “resumed host resistance” phase resolved in gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis that identified an enrichment of dodecanoic acid (DA), an antibacterial metabolite and a saturated medium‐chain fatty acid with a 12‐carbon backbone. DA infiltration into leaf foliage revealed a significant reduction of aphid clonal proliferation on leaf foliage with concomitant reduction of the vascular microbiota titer as well as aphid body. The “resumed host resistance” from “reduced host resistance” also showed a comparable microbiota titer in comparison to control but the “reduced host resistance” evidenced a significant higher microbiota titer which was correlated with an enhanced aphid clonal proliferation on the leaf foliage. The DA infiltrated leaf foliage had no effect on total vascular sap ingestion by the aphid herbivore but induced RNA level of GUS expression under the control of promoter of pad‐4, mpl‐1, and sag‐13. A similar pattern of gus expression was recorded from aphid herbivore. Thus, DA mediates aphid resistance toward aphid clonal proliferation in the host plant by manipulating vascular and aphid body microbiota titer.
On the added benefit of virtual anatomy for dissection‐based skills
Authors: Niedermair Julian F. , Antipova Veronica , Manhal Simone , Siwetz Martin , Wimmer‐Röll Monika , Hammer Niels , Fellner Franz A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTechnological approaches deploying three‐dimensional visualization to integrate virtual anatomy are increasingly used to provide medical students with state‐of‐the‐art teaching. It is unclear to date to which extent virtual anatomy may help replace the dissection course. Medical students of Johannes Kepler University attend both a dissection and a virtual anatomy course. This virtual anatomy course is based on Cinematic Rendering and radiological imaging and teaches anatomy and pathology. This study aims to substantiate student benefits achieved from this merged teaching approach. Following their dissection course, 120 second‐year students took part in objective structured practical examinations (OSPE) conducted on human specimens prior to and following a course on Cinematic Rendering virtual anatomy. Likert‐based and open‐ended surveys were conducted to evaluate student perceptions of both courses and their utility. Virtual anatomy teaching was found to be unrelated to improvements in student's ability to identify anatomical structures in anatomical prosections, yielding only a 1.5% increase in the OSPE score. While the students rated the dissection course as being more important and impactful, the virtual anatomy course helped them display the learning content in a more comprehensible and clinically applicable way. It is likely that Cinematic Rendering‐based virtual anatomy affects knowledge gain in domains other than the recognition of anatomical structures in anatomical prosections. These findings underline students' preference for the pedagogic strategy of the dissection course and for blending this classical approach with novel developments like Cinematic Rendering, thus preparing future doctors for their clinical work.
Histology as a paradigm for a science‐based learning experience: Visits by histology education spirits of past, present, and future
Authors: Hortsch Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe term “histology” was coined a little over 200 years ago and the subject has always relied on microscopy as its defining technology. Microscopy was and still is an essential approach for the description of cellular components and their arrangements in living organisms. For more than a century and a half, histology or microanatomy has also been part of the basic science education for biomedical students. Traditionally, it has been taught in two major components, a didactic transfer of information, either in a lecture or self‐learning format, and in active‐learning laboratory sessions. These two modes of histology instruction conform with the dual‐processing theory of learning, one being more automatic and depending mainly on rote memorization, whereas the other is analytical, requiring more advanced reasoning skills. However, these two components of histology education are not separate and independent, but rather complementary and part of a multi‐step learning process that encourages a scientific analysis of visual information and involves higher‐level learning skills. Conventional, as well as modern electronic instruction methods (e‐learning) have been used in complementary ways to support the integrated succession of individual learning steps as outlined in this manuscript. However, as recent curricular reforms have curtailed instructional time, this traditional format of teaching histology is no longer sustainable and a reflective reassessment of the role of histology in modern biomedical education is a timely necessity.
Effectiveness of eye movement exercise and diaphragmatic breathing with jogging in reducing migraine symptoms: A preliminary, randomized comparison trial
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Dawood , Hassani Pouriya , Kheirkhah Mohammad Taghi , Fadardi Javad Salehi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a multifactorial headache disorder. Maladaptive functional networks or altered circuit‐related connectivity in the brain with migraine appear to perturb the effects of usual treatments.ObjectivesIn the present preliminary trial, we aim to study the effectiveness of performing pieces of body–mind, cognitive, or network reconstruction‐based training (i.e., eye movement exercise plus jogging; EME+J and diaphragmatic breathing plus jogging; DB+J) in decreasing migraine symptoms.MethodsWe used a three‐arm, triple‐blind, non‐inferiority randomized comparison design with pre‐test, post‐test, and follow‐up measurements to assess the effectiveness of EME+J and DB+J in the brain with migraine. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the study groups to perform either 12 consecutive weeks of EME+J (n = 22), DB+J (n = 19), or receiving, treatment as usual, TAU (n = 22).ResultsThe primary outcome statistical analysis through a linear mixed model showed a significant decrease in the frequency (p = .0001), duration (p = .003), and intensity (p = .007) of migraine attacks among the interventions and measurement times. The pairwise comparisons of simple effects showed that EME+J and DB+J effectively reduced migraine symptoms at the post‐test and follow‐up (p < .05). Cochran's tests showed that interventions decreased the number of menses‐related migraine attacks. EME+J and DB+J effectively decreased over‐the‐counter (OTC) drug use, refreshed wake‐up mode, and improved sleep and water drinking patterns. These are the secondary outcomes that Cochran's tests showed in the interventional groups after the interventions and at 12 months of follow‐up.ConclusionEME+J or DB+J can be an effective and safe method with no adverse effects to decrease the symptoms of migraine attacks. Moreover, a reduction in the frequency of menstrual cycle‐related attacks, OTC drug use, and improved quality of sleep and drinking water were the secondary outcomes of the post‐test and a 12‐month follow‐up.
Design and Synthesis of Xanthone Analogues Conjugated with Aza‐aromatic Substituents as Promising G‐Quadruplex Stabilizing Ligands and their Selective Cancer Cell Cytotoxic Action
Authors: Roy Soma , Chakraborty Nirmal , Maiti Bappa , Muniyappa Kalappa , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have examined the stabilization of higher‐order noncanonical G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA structures formed by the G‐rich sequences in the promoter region of oncogenes such as c‐MYC, c‐KIT, VEGF and BCl2 by newly synthesized, novel nitrogen‐containing aromatics conjugated to xanthone moiety. Compounds with N‐heterocyclic substituents such as pyridine (XNiso), benzimidazole (XBIm), quinoxaline (XQX) and fluorophore dansyl (XDan) showed greater effectiveness in stabilizing the G4 DNA as well as selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells (mainly A549) over normal cells both in terms of UV‐Vis spectral titrations and cytotoxicity assay. Both fluorescence spectral titrimetric measurements and circular dichroism (CD) melting experiments further substantiated the G4 stabilization phenomenon by these small‐molecular ligands. In addition, these compounds could induce the formation of parallel G4 structures in the absence of any added salt condition in Tris⋅HCl buffer at 25 °C. In a polymerase stop assay, the formation of stable G4 structures in the promoter of oncogenes and halting of DNA synthesis in the presence of the above‐mentioned compounds was demonstrated by using oncogene promoter as the DNA synthesis template. Apoptosis‐mediated cell death of the cancer cells was proved by Annexin V‐PI dual staining assay and cell‐cycle arrest occurred in the S phase of the cell cycles. The plausible mode of binding involves the stacking of the xanthone core on the G4 DNA plane with the possibility of interaction with the 5’‐overhang as indicated by molecular dynamics simulation studies.
Synthesis of Uronic Acid 1‐Azasugars as Putative Inhibitors of α‐Iduronidase, β‐Glucuronidase and Heparanase**
Authors: Doherty Gareth G. , Ler Geraldine Jia Ming , Wimmer Norbert , Bernhardt Paul V. , Ashmus Roger A. , Vocadlo David J. , Armstrong Zachary , Davies Gideon J. , Maccarana Marco , Li Jin‐ping , Kayal Yasmin , Ferro Vito 
Published: December 2022

Abstract1‐Azasugar analogues of l‐iduronic acid (l‐IdoA) and d‐glucuronic acid (d‐GlcA) and their corresponding enantiomers have been synthesized as potential pharmacological chaperones for mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I), a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding α‐iduronidase (IDUA). The compounds were efficiently synthesized in nine or ten steps from d‐ or l‐arabinose, and the structures were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis of key intermediates. All compounds were inactive against IDUA, although l‐IdoA‐configured 8 moderately inhibited β‐glucuronidase (β‐GLU). The d‐GlcA‐configured 9 was a potent inhibitor of β‐GLU and a moderate inhibitor of the endo‐β‐glucuronidase heparanase. Co‐crystallization of 9 with heparanase revealed that the endocyclic nitrogen of 9 forms close interactions with both the catalytic acid and catalytic nucleophile.
Understanding and targeting anoikis in metastasis for cancer therapies
Authors: Sattari Fard Farzad  , Jalilzadeh Nazila , Mehdizadeh Amir , Sajjadian Fakhrosadat , Velaei Kobra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of effective treatments for cancers requires investigations for a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of the basic cellular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. One of those driving mechanisms is anoikis, a special type of apoptosis, which is induced by losing anchorage from the extracellular matrix (ECM). In other words, resisting death in detached cells (cells without ECM) forms an anoikis‐resistant phenotype. Since the anoikis‐resistance state compensates for the initial steps of cancer metastasis, this review aimed to discuss mechanisms of gaining anoikis/anoikis resistance phenotype in tumor cells. Finally, we highlighted the significance of anoikis in malignancies so as to provide clear insight into cancer diagnosis and therapy development.
Low‐dose dexamethasone promotes osteoblast viability by activating autophagy via the SGK1/FOXO3a signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Xiang‐Hua , Xu Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Sheng‐Xiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutophagy contributes to bone homeostasis and development under physiological conditions. Although previous studies have demonstrated the induction of the autophagy machinery by endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs), the precise mechanisms involved have not yet been clarified. The current study aimed to explore the effect of a low dose of GC (10−8 M dexamethasone, Dex) on autophagy in mouse embryonic osteoblastic precursor cells (MC3T3‐E1 cells) and the potential mechanisms. The results showed that 10−8 M Dex induced significant time‐dependent increases in the expression and activation of serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐induced kinase‐1 (SGK1) in MC3T3‐E1 cells and that these effects were accompanied by increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. The autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA significantly inhibited Dex‐mediated promotion of viability. Moreover, Dex increased LC3II and Beclin‐1 levels and decreased SQSTM/p62 levels in a time‐dependent manner, and these effects were attenuated by pretreatment with 3‐MA. Transfection of Dex‐treated MC3T3‐E1 cells with shRNA‐SGK1 resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. 3‐MA further exacerbated these effects of SGK1 inhibition. Knocking down SGK1 before Dex exposure significantly reduced the phosphorylated forkhead box O3a (p‐FOXO3a)/FOXO3 ratio, suppressed LC3II and Beclin‐1 levels, and increased SQSTM/p62 levels in MC3T3‐E1 cells, and these effects were amplified by 3‐MA. In conclusion, the results revealed that low‐dose GC treatment increased osteoblast viability by activating autophagy via the SGK1/FOXO3a pathway.
A novel comprehensive radiation shielding system eliminates need for personal lead aprons in the catheterization laboratory
Authors: Rabah Maher , Allen Sorcha , Abbas Amr E. , Dixon Simon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis clinical study evaluated the efficacy of a novel radiation shielding system for the cardiac catheterization laboratory designed to provide comprehensive protection that obviates the need for personal lead aprons.BackgroundInvasive Cardiologists are exposed to occupational health hazards related directly to radiation exposure (RE) and indirectly to the orthopedic burden of wearing only partially protective lead aprons. Innovations to reduce these risks are warranted. A novel comprehensive shielding system (ProtegoTM, Image Diagnostics Inc, Fitchburg, Ma) has been validated in pre‐clinical studies to provide excellent radiation protection, sufficient for the State of Michigan to certify it for use without need for personal lead aprons.MethodsThis clinical analysis measured RE to a single Physician operator utilizing the ProtegoTM shield (and not wearing personal lead apron) during routine cardiac catheterization procedures (diagnostic and interventional). RE was measured at both thyroid and waist level with a real‐time dosimetry system (RaysafeTM, Billdal, Sweden), calculated on a median per case basis (mrems). Additional parameters collected included procedure type, access site, per case fluoroscopy time, and patient factors including body mass index.ResultsIn n=98 cases (25% diagnostic, 75% interventional including 22% chronic total occlusions), median/case RE was 0.4 mrems (thyroid) and 0.2 mrems (waist). RE=0 in 12 cases. In no case did radiation exposure exceed 3.2 mrems.ConclusionThe ProtegoTM shield system provides excellent RE protection to the Physician operator, without the need for personal lead aprons and has the potential to reduce catheterization laboratory occupational health hazards.
Aortic annulus ellipticity and outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Tomii Daijiro , Okuno Taishi , Lanz Jonas , Stortecky Stefan , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundElliptical shape of the aortic annulus has been associated with an increased risk of device failure after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared with a circular annular shape.AimsTo assess the impact of annulus ellipticity on procedural outcomes and device performance in patients undergoing TAVI.MethodsIn a prospective TAVI registry, aortic annulus ellipticity was assessed by preprocedural multidetector computed tomography. The annulus ratios, defined by the ratio of minimum and maximum annulus diameters measured in a transverse double oblique plane, were split into tertiles for comparisons between groups.ResultsA total of 1732 patients undergoing TAVI between August 2007 and June 2020 were included in the present analysis. Patients in the tertile with the most elliptical shape of the annulus were more likely to be female (59.7% vs. 47.9%; p < 0.001) and had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (5.4 ± 3.8 vs. 4.8 ± 3.5; p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in the rate of technical success (95.3% vs. 96.5%; p = 0.235), device success (83.6% vs. 86.5%; p = 0.118) and intended valve performance (90.7% vs. 91.7; p = 0.503) between patients in the most elliptical tertile and the rest. However, valve dislocation/embolization occurred more frequently in patients with elliptical as compared to circular annular shape (2.6% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.046).ConclusionsEllipticity of the aortic annulus does not affect procedural and device outcomes in patients undergoing TAVI irrespective of transcatheter heart valve design and generation. https:www.//clinicaltrials.gov. NCT01368250.
Molecular Rotational Correlation Times and Nanoviscosity Determined by 111mCd Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) of γ‐rays Spectroscopy
Authors: Fromsejer Rasmus , Jensen Marianne L. , Zacate Matthew O. , Karner Victoria L. , Pecoraro Vincent L. , Hemmingsen Lars 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe nanoviscosity experienced by molecules in solution may be determined through measurement of the molecular rotational correlation time, τc, for example, by fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy. With this work, we apply PAC spectroscopy to determine the rate of rotational diffusion, λ=1/τc, of a de novo designed protein, TRIL12AL16C, in solutions with viscosities, ξ, from 1.7 to 88 mPa⋅s. TRIL12AL16C was selected as molecular probe because it exhibits minimal effects due to intramolecular dynamics and static line broadening, allowing for exclusive elucidation of molecular rotational diffusion. Diffusion rates determined by PAC data agree well with literature data from fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy, and scales linearly with 1/ξ in agreement with the Stokes–Einstein–Debye model. PAC experiments require only trace amounts (∼1011) of probe nuclei and can be conducted over a broad range of sample temperatures and pressures. Moreover, most materials are relatively transparent to γ‐rays. Thus, PAC spectroscopy could find applications under circumstances where conventional techniques cannot be applied, spanning from the physics of liquids to in‐vivo biochemistry.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Coupled with Organic Conversion to Selectively Synthesize High‐Value Chemicals
Authors: Zhong Wanfu , Huang Wenhao , Ruan Sunhong , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Ye , Xie Shunji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical process of coupling electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and organic conversion reaction can effectively reduce the reaction overpotential and obtain value‐added chemicals. Moreover, because of the diversity of substrates and the designability of coupling forms, more and more attention has been paid to this field. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of coupling electrolysis in recent years, (1) co‐electrolysis of CO2 and organics at the cathode to obtain specific products with high selectivity, (2) replacing traditional anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with other valuable oxidation reactions to improve energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits of CO2 conversion, (3) in an electrolytic cell without membrane, the cathode and anode jointly transform CO2 and organics to redox products. We hope that the examples and insights on coupling electrolysis introduced in this review can inspire researchers to further explore and innovate in this direction.
Synthesis of 3‐Thiocyanobenzothiophene via Difunctionalization of Active Alkyne Promoted by Electrochemical‐Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Dong , Yang Qijun , Cai Jinlin , Ni Chunjie , Wang Qingdong , Wang Qingming , Yang Jinming , Geng Rongqing , Fang Zheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel and green method for the synthesis of 3‐thiocyanatobenzothiophenes via electrochemical‐oxidation promoted difunctionalization of active alkyne has been developed. In this protocol, inexpensive and easily available potassium thiocyanate was chosen as the thiocyanation reagent, 2‐alkynylthioanisoles as the substrates, a variety of 3‐thiocyanatobenzothiophenes were obtained in moderate to good yields under oxidant‐ and catalyst‐free conditions. Moreover, the continuous flow system has good applicability for this transformation, the use of continuous flow system has overcome the disadvantage of low efficiency in traditional electrochemical amplification, and realized the stable and excellent yields of target products in the scale‐up reactions.
Visible Light Thiyl Radical‐Mediated Desilylation of Arylsilanes
Authors: Kuhlmann Jan H. , Dickoff Jan H. , Mancheño Olga García 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA straightforward, visible‐light triggered desilylation of arylsilanes by thiyl radicals is presented. Silyl groups are often used to block a reactive position in multi‐step organic synthesis, for which a mild cleavage at a late‐stage will provide new possibilities and disconnection routes by CAr−Si cleavage/deprotection. In this work, commercially available and cheap disulfides are employed for the first time in this type of C(sp2)‐Si bond cleavage reactions. Thus, upon irradiation with visible‐light, homolytic cleavage of the disulfide give rise to the corresponding thiyl radical that allows for a radical chain mechanism. This methodology represents a mild, fast and simple approach suitable for a broad variety of simply substituted arylsilanes. Moreover, the procedure could be easily extended to natural products and therapeutic derivatives, showing its robustness and synthetic application potential.