bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of dacryodes klaineana pierre (burseraceae)
Authors: Ifejirika Ebere C. , Ajaegbu Eze E. , Ibe Chioma I. , Onyegbule Felix A. , Ezugwu Obidike C. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. Dacryodes klaineana is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of painful menstruation; tachycardia and cough. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plant. The extract and fractions of D. klaineana were screened for their antioxidant effects using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the total phenolic contents (TPC) assay methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was evaluated using the agar diffusion method against four different bacterialstrains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungi strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The crude methanol extract (MLE), hexane fraction (MLHF), ethyl acetate fraction (MLEF) and butanol fraction (MLBF) produced dose-dependent antioxidant activity using DPPH and FRAP assays. The antioxidant activity of MLEF was comparable to the standard drug, ascorbic acid. MLEF also gave the highest content of total phenol content with a percent gallic acid equivalent of 100.68 ± 1.17 mg GAE/g. The extract and fractions were active against the bacteria species, but inactive against the fungi species. The study demonstrated that the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of D. klaineana may offer a promising source of new antioxidants and antimicrobials in the ethnomedicinal management of diseases.

KEY WORDS: Medicinal plant, FRAP, TPC, DPPH, Antioxidant, Dacryodes klaineana

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 85-94.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.8
Cadmium Pollution Impairs Maize Growth and Uptake of Cationic Essential Nutrients
Authors: YERLİKAYA ANLİ Rengin , AKŞAHİN Veysi , DÜNDAR Şeyhmus , AHMET Nadia Ali Sir Elkhtim 
Published: March 2022

Human population is anticipated to increase to 9.8 billion by 2050 and this increase causes a more intensive agricultural production. The soils are polluted as the farming activities are intensified. Fertilizers and the pesticides that are used in agriculture and the imbalanced industrialization cause heavy metals to move into the soil thereby creating soil-environmental pollution. Cadmium (Cd), one of the heavy metals, is also present in the biosphere, enters the soil as a result of natural processes and anthropogenic activities, exerting toxic effects on agricultural products, food chain and living organisms. This highly toxic and dangerous metal has come to the fore with its important role in environmental pollution due to its various usage areas. In this study, the effects of three different Cd doses on the cationic macro and micronutrient content of maize plant was investigated. Cadmium application at 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 decreased shoot dry matter by % 10.8 and % 20.0 respectively compared with control treatment. While the highest macro and micronutrient contents were obtained in the control treatment, the lowest values were obtained in the Cd5 treatment. Cadmium applications were not statistically significant in shoot K, Mg and Ca concentrations but significantly decreased K and Ca contents. Compared with the control treatment, Cd applications at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg were determined to decrease the K content by % 9.9 and % 18.4 and Ca content by 17.7% and 21.3% respectively. When the Cd concentration and content are determined, the highest values were found to be in the Cd5 treatment. Consequently, increased Cd accumulation in shoots was determined to be associated with decreases in K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn uptake of maize plant. Therefore, close monitoring of nutritional problems that can potentially occur in agricultural areas contaminated with Cd might be beneficial for the evaluation of different solution proposals
The Place Of Agricultural Memory In Social Life: Küçünlü
Authors: SARIOĞLU Muaffak , IRMAK Ebru 
Published: March 2022

Analyzing a part of the whole in detail can make the subject more understandable in the field of village sociology. In this study, as a part of the whole, Küçünlü Village (KV) was examined in detail between the years 2010-2021. “In KV; The social, political and cultural structure of the villager drives the villager away from his village”. Purpose of the study; Based on the inductive method, it is to examine the political, social and cultural structure of the KV in an in-depth manner by dealing with all the variables of the KV with the monograph technique. It has been determined that the number of producers in the village has decreased over the years. The fact that especially the young and child age groups do not live in the village has drawn attention to the concern that agricultural memory may be erased over the years. The finding that the producers are moving away from the effective working age range in agriculture and that sustainable agriculture cannot be achieved in the future has been obtained by observation, structured personal face-to-face interviews and survey methods.
Keywords: Village sociology, Küçünlü Village, social structure, cultural structure, political structure
Hatay İli Hassa İlçesi Zeytin Ağaçlarının Yaprak ve Toprak Örnekleri ile Beslenme Durumunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZSAYAR Mehmet Murat , ÇİMRİN Kerim Mesut 
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmada Hatay İli Hassa İlçesinde zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapılan toprakların, verimlilik ve zeytin bitkisinin beslenme durumunu belirlemek amacıyla, bölgeyi temsil edecek şekilde tesadüfen belirlenen, 15 farklı kapama zeytin bahçesinden, 0-30 cm ve 30-60 cm olmak üzere iki farklı derinlikten toprak ve aynı bahçelerden yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan toprak ve yaprak örneklerin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile bitki besin maddesi içerikleri belirlenerek, sınır değerleri ile karşılaştırılarak bahçelerin beslenme durumları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yöre topraklarının %36.67’si kumlu killi tın, %20.00’si killi tın, %16.67’si killi, %13.33’ü kumlu tın, %10.00’u tın, %3.33’ü siltli kil olmak üzere 6 ayrı bünye sınıfında olduğu, hafif asit ile hafif alkalin reaksiyonlu olduğu, sadece bir bahçe toprağı tuzlu ve kireçli iken diğer bütün örnekler tuzsuz, kireçli ve organik maddece yetersiz olduğu bulunmuştur. Topraklar besin elementleri bakımından %70’inin azot, %26.66’sının fosfor, %43.33’ünün potasyum, %66.66’ sının kalsiyum, %36.67’sinin magnezyum, %13.33’ünün çinko ve %100’ünün bor içeriklerinin yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bahçelerden alınan zeytin yaprak örneklerinin ise %13.33’ünde fosfor, %40.0’ında potasyum, %73.33’ünde kalsiyum, %93.33’ ünde magnezyum, %53.33’ünde bakır, %26.67’sinde mangan, %13.33’ü ise çinko içeriği yönünden noksan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Hatay İli Hassa İlçesinde zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapılan bahçelerin toprak ve yaprak analizleri incelendiğinde, bazı besin elementlerinin toprakta yeterli iken yapraklarda eksik, bazı besin elementlerinin ise toprakta noksan olmasına rağmen bitkide yeterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum bölgede zeytin bahçelerinde toprak ve yaprak analizleri sonucuna göre bilinçli bir gübrelemesinin yapılmadığının kanıtıdır. Bu nedenle, kaliteli ve bol ürün için bölgede zeytin bahçelerinin toprak ve yaprak analizleri ile bu sonuçları esas alan bilinçli gübreleme çalışmalarının yapılarak, doğru bir bitki beslenme planlamasının oluşturulması önerilmektedir.
Şirnak-İdil Koşullarında Yetiştirilebilecek Kışlık Nohut Genotiplerinin Saptanması
Authors: ÖZCAN Mehmet Ali , YÜCEL Derya 
Published: March 2022

Araştırma, Şırnak-İdil koşullarında yetiştirilebilecek nohut Cicer arietinum L.) genotiplerinin saptanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 12 genotip ve 3 çeşit (Arda, Azkan, Hasanbey) olmak üzere toplam 15 nohut geotipi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, 2020-2021 kışlık yetiştirme döneminde, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Genotiplere göre değişmekle birlikte araştırma sonucunda çiçeklenmeye kadar geçen gün sayısı 156.7-118.7 gün, bakla bağlamaya kadar geçen gün sayısı 169.0-157.3 gün, bitki boyu 29.9-54.7 cm, ilk bakla yüksekliği 14.5-30.0 cm, bitkideki dal sayısı 2.3-4.3 adet, bitkide bakla sayısı 44.2-15.0 adet, bitkide dolu bakla sayısı 42.6-13.0 adet, bitkide tane sayısı 13.3-44.9 adet, bitkide tane ağırlığı 8.7- 14.0 g, tane verimi 166.8 -100.7 kg/da, yüz tane ağırlığı 27.7-42.3 g ve hasat indeksi değeri % 33.9-42.1 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak Şırnak-İdil ekolojik koşullarında FLIP 03-108 C ve EN 1683 nohut genotiplerinin verim ve verimle ilgili özellikler bakımından denemede yer alan kontrol çeşitleri ve diğer genotipler bakımından daha üstün oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu genotipler ile bölge koşullarında adaptasyon çalışmalarına devam edilmesinin yanısıra, söz konusu geotiplerin ıslah programlararına aktarılması sonucuna varılmıştır.
Sonuç olarak Şırnak-İdil ekolojik koşullarında FLIP 03-108 C ve EN 1683 nohut genotiplerinin verim ve verimle ilgili özellikler bakımından denemede yer alan kontrol çeşitleri ve diğer genotipler bakımından daha üstün oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu genotipler ile bölge koşullarında adaptasyon çalışmalarına devam edilmesinin yanısıra, söz konusu geotiplerin ıslah programlararına aktarılması sonucuna varılmıştır.
Making Hip Hop Theatre
Authors: Beswick Katie , Murray Conrad 
Published: March 2022

Making Hip Hop Theatre is the essential, practical guide to making hip-hop theatre. It features detailed techniques and exercises that can guide creatives from workshops through to staging a performance. If you were inspired by Hamilton, Barber Shop Chronicles, Misty, Black Men Walking or Frankenstein: How to Make a Monster, this is the book for you.
Covering vocal technique, use of equipment, mixing, looping, sampling, working with venues and dealing with creative challenges, this book is a bible for both new and experienced artists alike. Additionally, with links to online video material demonstrating and elaborating on the exercises included, it offers countless useful tools for teachers and facilitators of drama, music and other creative arts.
Alongside this practical guidance is an overview of hip hop history, giving theoretical and historical context for the practice. From documentation of Conrad Murray’s major productions, to commentary from leading practitioners including Lakeisha Lynch-Stevens, David Jubb, Emma Rice, Tobi Kyeremateng and Paula Varjack, readers are treated to a detailed insight into the background of hip hop theatre.
Edited by scholar Katie Beswick and genre pioneer Conrad Murray, Making Hip Hop Theatre is a vital teaching tool and provides a much-needed account of a burgeoning aspect of contemporary theatre culture.
A People Betrayed
Authors: Melvern Linda 
Published: March 2022

Events in Rwanda in 1994 mark a landmark in the history of modern genocide. Up to one million people were killed in a planned public and political campaign. In the face of indisputable evidence, the UN Security Council failed miserably in its response.
In this classic of investigative journalism, Linda Melvern tells the compelling story of what really happened, revealing both the scale, speed and intensity of the unfolding genocide, as well as exposing the governments and individuals who could have prevented what was happening, if they had chosen to act. The book also tells the unrecognised heroism of those who stayed on during the genocide - from volunteer peacekeepers to courageous NGO workers.
Twenty-five years on from one of the darkest episodes in modern history, A People Betrayed is a shocking indictment of how Rwanda was ignored then and how today it is remembered in the West.
Pollen observations at four EARLINET stations during the ACTRIS-COVID-19 campaign
Authors: Shang Xiaoxia , Baars Holger , Stachlewska Iwona S. , Mattis Ina , Komppula Mika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Lidar observations were analysed to characterize
atmospheric pollen at four EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar
Network) stations (Hohenpeißenberg, Germany; Kuopio, Finland; Leipzig,
Germany; and Warsaw, Poland) during the ACTRIS (Aerosol, Clouds and Trace
Gases Research Infrastructure) COVID-19 campaign in May 2020. The
reanalysis (fully quality-assured) lidar data products, after the
centralized and automatic data processing with the Single Calculus Chain
(SCC), were used in this study, focusing on particle backscatter
coefficients at 355 and 532 nm and particle linear depolarization ratios (PDRs) at 532 nm. A novel method for the characterization of the pure pollen
depolarization ratio was presented, based on the non-linear least square
regression fitting using lidar-derived backscatter-related Ångström
exponents (BAEs) and PDRs. Under the assumption that the BAE between 355 and
532 nm should be zero (±0.5) for pure pollen, the pollen
depolarization ratios were estimated: for Kuopio and Warsaw stations, the
pollen depolarization ratios at 532 nm were of 0.24 (0.19–0.28) during the
birch-dominant pollen periods, whereas for Hohenpeißenberg and
Leipzig stations, the pollen depolarization ratios of 0.21 (0.15–0.27) and 0.20 (0.15–0.25) were observed for periods of mixture of birch and grass
pollen. The method was also applied for the aerosol classification, using
two case examples from the campaign periods; the different pollen types (or
pollen mixtures) were identified at Warsaw station, and dust and pollen were
classified at Hohenpeißenberg station.
Five-satellite-sensor study of the rapid decline of wildfire smoke in the stratosphere
Authors: Martinsson Bengt G. , Friberg Johan , Sandvik Oscar S. , Sporre Moa K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Smoke from western North American wildfires reached the stratosphere in
large amounts in August 2017. Limb-oriented satellite-based sensors are
commonly used for studies of wildfire aerosol injected into the stratosphere
(OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler) and SAGE III/ISS
(Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space
Station)). We find that these methods are inadequate for studies of the first 1–2 months after such a strong fire event due to event termination
(“saturation”). The nadir-viewing lidar CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization) is less affected due to shorter path in the smoke; furthermore, it provides a means to develop a method to
correct for strong attenuation of the signal. After the initial phase, the
aerosol optical depth (AOD) from OMPS-LP and CALIOP show very good agreement
above the 380 K isentrope, whereas OMPS-LP tends to produce higher AOD
than CALIOP in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), probably due to reduced
sensitivity at altitudes below 17 km. Time series from CALIOP of
attenuation-corrected stratospheric AOD of wildfire smoke show an
exponential decline during the first month after the fire, which coincides
with highly significant changes in the wildfire aerosol optical properties.
The AOD decline is verified by the evolution of the smoke layer composition,
comparing the aerosol scattering ratio (CALIOP) to the water vapor
concentration from MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder). Initially the stratospheric
wildfire smoke AOD is comparable with the most important volcanic eruptions
during the last 25 years. Wildfire aerosol declines much faster, 80 %–90 % of the AOD is removed with a half-life of approximately 10 d. We
hypothesize that this dramatic decline is caused by photolytic loss. This
process is rarely observed in the atmosphere. However, in the stratosphere
this process can be studied with practically no influence from wet
deposition, in contrast to the troposphere where this is the main removal
path of submicron aerosol particles. Despite the loss, the aerosol
particles from wildfire smoke in the stratosphere are relevant for the
climate.
Strong increase in thawing of subsea permafrost in the 22nd century caused by anthropogenic climate change
Authors: Wilkenskjeld Stiig , Miesner Frederieke , Overduin Paul P. , Puglini Matteo , Brovkin Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Most earth system models (ESMs) neglect climate feedbacks arising from carbon release from thawing permafrost, especially from thawing of subsea permafrost (SSPF). To assess the fate of SSPF in the next 1000 years, we implemented SSPF into JSBACH, the land component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). This is the first implementation of SSPF processes in an ESM component. We investigate three extended scenarios from the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In the 21st century only small differences are found among the scenarios, but in the upper-end emission scenario SSP5–8.5 (shared socio-economic pathway), especially in the 22nd century, SSPF ice melting is more than 15 times faster than in the pre-industrial period. In this scenario about 35 % of total SSPF volume and 34 % of SSPF area are lost by the year 3000 due to climatic changes. In the more moderate scenarios, the melting rate maximally exceeds that of pre-industrial times by a factor of 4, and the climate change induced SSPF loss (volume and area) by the year 3000 does not exceed 14 %. Our results suggest that the rate of melting of SSPF ice is related to the length of the local open-water season and thus that the easily observable sea ice concentration may be used as a proxy for the change in SSPF.
MODEL LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI KESENJANGAN DIGITAL UNTUK SANTRI MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045
Authors: Ulfah Anisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Digital literacy is the skill of utilizing digital media to obtain information and evaluate it critically, innovatively, creatively, and quickly. However, the rapid flow of information creates a digital divide for students who do not get the same access. On the other hand, santri are one of the agents of change who will become the golden generation in 2045. This article was written with the aim of providing an overview of digital literacy models that can be applied in Islamic boarding schools to reduce the existing gap. The opportunity that can be utilized is that pesantren is a character-building educational institution so that it is considered to be able to provide opportunities for students to get better digital literacy. In addition, the government-activated GLN can also be used as an opportunity. The form of the digital literacy model can be done by training in the use of ICT and mentoring to improve life skills. The challenges that need to be studied are the policy of curriculum making and evaluation as well as increasing the competence of human resources, namely teachers.
Keywords: digital literacy, digital divide, golden Indonesia

Abstrak: Literasi digital merupakan keterampilan memanfaatkan media-media digital untuk memperoleh informasi serta mengevaluasinya secara kritis, inovatif, kreatif, dan inspiratif secara cepat. Namun, arus informasi yang begitu pesat tersebut memberikan kesenjangan digital bagi santri yang tidak mendapatkan akses yang sama. Di sisi lain, santri merupakan salah satu agen perubahan yang menjadi generasi emas pada 2045. Artikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran model literasi digital yang dapat diterapkan di pondok pesantren untuk mengurangi kesenjangan yang ada tersebut. Adapun peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan ialah bahwa pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan pembentuk karakter sehingga dinilai dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada santri untuk mendapatkan literasi digital dengan lebih baik. Selain itu, GLN yang digiatkan pemerintah juga dapat dijadikan sebagai peluang. Bentuk model literasi digital dapat dilakukan dengan pelatihan pemanfaatan TIK dan pendampingan peningkatan kecakapan hidup. Adapun tantangan yang perlu dikaji ialah kebijakan pembuatan kurikulum dan evaluasinya serta peningkatan kompetensi SDM, yakni guru.
Kata Kunci: literasi digital, kesenjangan digital, Indonesia emas
Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Perspektif KH. Hasyim Asy’ari
Authors: Miftakhul Muthoharoh  
Published: March 2022

Pendidikan adalah suatu kebutuhan yang diperlukan dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Pendidikan juga berupaya mengembangkan da melestarikan nilai-nilai kebajikan dan norma-norma kepada generasi, penerus umat, agama dan bangsa. Dalam dunia pendidikan terdapat banyak persamaan dan perbedaan dalam konsep pendidikan, oleh karena itu, kita harus melihat visi misi suatu lembaga pendidikan.
Menurut KH. Hasyim Asy’ari menuntut ilmu adalah suatu ibadah untuk mencari ridhlo Allah SWT. Oleh karena itu, menuntut ilmu diniatkan untuk menyebarluaskan nilai-nilai islam bukan hanya menghilangkan kebodohan. Karena hal itu dapat mengantarkan manusia dalam kehidupan didunia dan akhirat.
Diseminasi Moderasi Beragama Melalui Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Ekstrakurikuler Sie Kerohanian Islam (ROHIS) di SMAN 1 Kertosono Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Saini Mukhamat 
Published: March 2022

In some areas it has been found that Islamic spiritual organizations have been contaminated by radical ideas that oppose state ideology. Not infrequently some of the material delivered through political orientation to attitudes towards religious organizations or other religions. Islamic Spirituality (ROHIS) is a strategic organization to instill and foster the values ​​of moderation. The Islamic spirituality (ROHIS) activity at SMAN 1 Kertosono has contents that become certain characteristics of religious character. ROHIS activities at SMAN 1 Kertosono are related to the content of studying religion, namely developing noble character, and also developing students' religious knowledge more deeply. Dissemination of religious moderation can be viewed in terms of the material presented, several things can shape students' religious moderation attitudes, including; manners, morals and mutual respect for each other.
The objectives of this study are, first, to describe the role of extracurricular Islamic spirituality (ROHIS) at SMAN 1 Kertosono. Second, describe the formation of religious character through ROHIS at SMAN 1 Kertosono. Third, actualizing religious moderation through Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Islamic spirituality extracurricular (ROHIS) at SMAN 1 Kertosono.
This research uses qualitative research with case study type, data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. Checking the validity of the data using credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability.
The conclusion from the results of this study is that first, the role of ROHIS extracurricular activities at SMAN 1 Kertosono can shape the religious character of students through several activities. Namely, ramadhon cottage activities, tahfidz activities, routine studies and congregational prayer activities. Second, the character building of ROHIS extracurricular activities at SMAN 1 Kertosono also emphasizes tolerant and moderate Islam. Where students when they have received lessons from ROHIS extracurriculars through Islamic religious education teachers (PAI), then students are more confident and able to practice the teachings of Islam. Third, the actualization of religious moderation shows that the management of ROHIS SMAN 1 Kertosono has a passive tolerance category. The indicator that is fulfilled is that the ROHIS SMAN 1 Kertosono management accepts and respects the differences shown by various moderate attitudes towards followers of other religions.