bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing students’ perceptions of nursing diagnoses, critical thinking motivations, and problem‐solving skills during distance learning: A multicentral study
Authors: Bayram Aysun , Özsaban Aysel , Durgun Hanife , Aksoy Fatma , Turan Nuray , Köktürk Dalcali Berna , Oksay Şahin Ayşegül 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the relationship between attitude towards nursing diagnosis, critical thinking motivation, and problem‐solving skills of nursing students during distance learning.MethodThe descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 450 first‐year nursing students from four universities. The “Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale,” “Critical Thinking Motivational Scale,” and “Problem Solving Inventory” were used for data collection in June–July 2021.FindingsThe students’ mean score of nursing diagnosis perception was 114.90 ± 18.47, the score for expectancy main subdimension of critical thinking motivation was 4.17 ± 1.16 and the score for value main subdimension was 4.81 ± 1.12, and score for problem‐solving skills was 90.65 ± 19.03. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between nursing diagnosis perception and subdimension of critical thinking motivation scores (p < 0.001) and problem‐solving skills score (p < 0.001). The linear regression model established to examine the effect of other scales on nursing diagnosis perception was found to be statistically significant (F = 17.516, p < 0.001). As the expectancy score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score increases 3.452 times (p = 0.001), the cost score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score increases by 3.894 (p = 0.001), and the problemsolving skills score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score decreases by 0.246 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTo conclude that nursing diagnosis perception, critical thinking motivation, and problem‐solving skills of nursing students were high and have a relationship with each other during distance education. As nursing diagnosis perception scores of students increase, their critical thinking motivation and problem‐solving skills also increase.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe high skills of critical thinking and problem solving have an important place effectively to identify the nursing diagnosis more quickly and easily in the nursing care process.
Endogenous oxytocin levels are associated with facial emotion recognition accuracy but not gaze behavior in individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Spilka Michael J. , Keller William R. , Buchanan Robert W. , Gold James M. , Koenig James I. , Strauss Gregory P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveDifficulties in social cognition are common in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and are not ameliorated by antipsychotic treatment. Intranasal oxytocin (OT) administration has been explored as a potential intervention to improve social cognition; however, results are inconsistent, suggesting potential individual difference variables that may influence treatment response. Less is known about the relationship between endogenous OT and social cognition in SZ, knowledge of which may improve the development of OT‐focused therapies. We examined plasma OT in relationship to facial emotion recognition and visual attention to salient facial features in SZ and controls.MethodsForty‐two individuals with SZ and 23 healthy controls viewed photographs of facial expressions of varying emotional intensity and identified the emotional expression displayed. Participants’ gaze behavior during the task was recorded via eye tracking. Plasma oxytocin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay.ResultsSZ were less accurate than controls at identifying high‐intensity fearful facial expressions and low‐intensity sad expressions. Lower overall and high‐intensity facial emotion recognition accuracy was associated with lower plasma OT levels in SZ but not controls. OT was not associated with visual attention to salient facial features; however, SZ had reduced visual attention to the nose region compared to controls.ConclusionIndividual differences in endogenous OT predict facial emotion recognition ability in SZ but are not associated with visual attention to salient facial features. Increased understanding of the association between endogenous OT and social cognitive abilities in SZ may help improve the design and interpretation of OT‐focused clinical trials in SZ.
Cardiovascular subphenotypes in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis whose lungs are mechanically ventilated: a single‐centre retrospective observational study
Authors: Chotalia M. , Ali M. , Alderman J. E. , Patel J. M. , Parekh D. , Bangash M. N. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryUnsupervised clustering methods of transthoracic echocardiography variables have not been used to characterise circulatory failure mechanisms in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis. We conducted a retrospective, single‐centre cohort study in ICU patients with COVID‐19 pneumonitis whose lungs were mechanically ventilated and who underwent transthoracic echocardiography between March 2020 and May 2021. We performed latent class analysis of echocardiographic and haemodynamic variables. We characterised the identified subphenotypes by comparing their clinical parameters, treatment responses and 90‐day mortality rates. We included 305 patients with a median (IQR [range]) age 59 (49–66 [16–83]) y. Of these, 219 (72%) were male, 199 (65%) had moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome and 113 (37%) did not survive more than 90 days. Latent class analysis identified three cardiovascular subphenotypes: class 1 (52%; normal right ventricular function); class 2 (31%; right ventricular dilation with mostly preserved systolic function); and class 3 (17%; right ventricular dilation with systolic impairment). The three subphenotypes differed in their clinical characteristics and response to prone ventilation and outcomes, with 90‐day mortality rates of 22%, 42% and 73%, respectively (p < 0.001). We conclude that the identified subphenotypes aligned with right ventricular pathophysiology rather than the accepted definitions of right ventricular dysfunction, and these identified classifications were associated with clinical outcomes.
Editorial: protecting hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and gut integrity with GB004—a promising therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis?
Authors: Honap Sailish , Dart Robin J. , Samaan Mark A. 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Danese et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16753 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16795
Letter: the potential link between oesophageal hypervigilance, visceral anxiety, increased swallow rate and oesophageal mucosal integrity—authors' reply
Authors: Wong Ming‐Wun , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16561 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16783
Editorial: a paradigm shift in NUDT15 assessment—towards predictive and personalised medicine in Crohn's disease? Authors' reply
Authors: Kim Eun Sil , Kang Ben 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kim et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16769 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16798
Antidepressant medication use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a nationally representative population‐based study
Authors: Jayasooriya Nishani , Blackwell Jonathan , Saxena Sonia , Bottle Alex , Petersen Irene , Creese Hanna , Hotopf Matthew , Pollok Richard C. G. ,   POP‐IBD study group
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundDespite high rates of depression and anxiety, little is known about the use of antidepressants amongst individuals diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimsTo evaluate temporal trends in the use of antidepressants; rates of antidepressant initiation and adherence of antidepressant use to international guidelines amongst individuals with IBD.MethodsThis is a study of 14,525 incident IBD cases from 2004 to 2016 compared with 58,027 controls matched 1:4 for age and sex from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. After excluding tricyclic antidepressants, we performed a Cox regression analysis to determine the risk associated with antidepressant use and logistic regression analysis to determine risk associated with antidepressant undertreatment.ResultsAntidepressant use amongst individuals with IBD increased by 51% during the 12‐year study period, who were 34% more likely to initiate antidepressants in the year after IBD diagnosis compared with controls (aHR:1.34, 95% CI 1.21‐1.49). In those with IBD starting antidepressants, 67% received treatment lasting less than the duration recommended in international guidelines, of which 34% were treated for 1 month or less.18‐24 year olds were twice as likely to discontinue treatment within 1 month compared with those aged 40‐60 years (aHR:2.03, 95% CI 1.40‐2.95). Socioeconomic deprivation was also associated with early treatment discontinuation (aHR:1.40, 95% CI 1.07‐1.83).ConclusionsIn the year following IBD diagnosis individuals are significantly more likely to start antidepressants compared with controls, but treatment duration fell short of recommendations in the majority. Better integration of services may benefit individuals with IBD and psychiatric comorbidity.
Baubles, bangles and beads: Recycling coloured glasses in the British Iron Age and Roman periods
Authors: Jackson Caroline , Paynter Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCompositional analysis has proved to be a powerful tool for investigating the recycling of transparent glass in the Roman and Byzantine periods. This paper expands the focus further to explore the recycling of coloured and opaque glass in the Late Iron Age and Roman periods in Britain. A review of the findings to date, predominantly for beads and bangles, illustrates how a combination of methods is needed to identify when coloured glass has been recycled and altered in the past. Chemical analysis, microstructural examination and experimentation have been used to understand how coloured glass was mixed, diluted, and modified with novel colourants and opacifiers, in ways that are not apparent from non‐destructive chemical analysis alone. The paper discusses the possible types and sources of trade glass, the challenges of recycling mono‐ and polychrome glass in different colours, and the unconventional methods used by glassworkers on the periphery of Roman influence to extend and modify coloured glass to produce distinctive items in order to express their identity.
Autoimmune disease and sickle cell anaemia: ‘Intersecting pathways and differential diagnosis’
Authors: Piccin Andrea , O'Connor‐Byrne Niamh , Daves Massimo , Lynch Kelvin , Farshbaf Amin Daei , Martin‐Loeches Ignacio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder, which occurs due to a single gene mutation. It has multisystemic manifestations, affecting millions of people worldwide. The effect of SCD on joints and musculature can overlap with clinical features of autoimmune disease (AD). It is therefore difficult for clinical haematologists and physicians treating SCD patients to discriminate between these two conditions clinically. A delay in diagnosis leads to untreated symptoms and treatment differs considerably. An accurate knowledge of clinical findings and laboratory results of AD and SCD can help physicians avoid this. In the review that follows, we examine the existing literature on SCD and AD, and describe the features that may distinguish SCD and autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. We aim to guide clinical haematologists and physicians towards a more rapid diagnosis of AD in sickle cell anaemia patients, by correct interpretation of the clinical assessment and commonly available diagnostics.
Pandemic vulnerability, policy feedback and support for immigration: Evidence from Asia
Authors: Lee Siu‐yau , Yuen Samson , Or Nick H. K. , Cheng Edmund W. , Yue Ricci P. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPast studies have shown that disease threat increases people's hostility towards immigrants. However, in our survey (N = 9571) conducted in five advanced Asian economies during the outbreak of COVID‐19, we found that COVID‐19 vulnerability was positively associated with support for immigration. Drawing on insight from policy feedback theories, we propose that the positive association is caused by the presence of widespread border crossing restrictions, which have changed the meaning and cost implications of COVID‐19. As the outbreak expands, the pandemic has become not just a threat to people's health but also a barrier to globalization. Consequently, people who are worried about the disease may see globalization processes, including migration, as signs of pandemic relief. We find supportive evidence in our analysis. First, the positive association between COVID‐19 vulnerability and support for immigration is more salient among respondents who considered restrictions on international travel to be stringent. Second, the positive association between COVID‐19 vulnerability and immigration attitude was mediated by perceived economic threat from the pandemic and contribution by immigrants towards the containment of the pandemic. These findings suggest that disease control measures adopted at the global level may alter certain widely accepted effects of disease threat on immigration attitudes.
The changing landscape of pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Avdimiretz Nicholas , Benden Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere has been a shift over decades in the diagnostic indications for lung transplantation in children; in particular, there has been a reduction in the proportion of pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients undergoing lung transplantation early in life, and more transplants occurring in other diagnostic groups. Here, we examine trends in pediatric lung transplantation with regards to indications by analyzing data from the United Network of Organ Sharing, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Transplant Registry, and other sources. Over the past two years, there has been a precipitous decline in both the number of transplants due to CF and the proportion of CF cases relative to the total number of transplants, likely not solely due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. In 2020, primary pulmonary arterial hypertension for the first‐time surpassed CF as main indication for pediatric lung transplantation in the United States, a finding that is also reflected in international data. We discuss the effect of novel CFTR modulator therapies as a major factor leading to this shifting landscape. Based on our trending, pulmonary hypertension‐related diagnoses and pediatric interstitial lung diseases are rising indications, for which we suggest adjustments of consensus guidelines around candidate selection criteria.
Emergency department admissions induced by drug–drug interactions in the elderly: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Letinier Louis , Pujade Iris , Duthoit Perrine , Evrard Grégoire , Salvo Francesco , Gil‐Jardine Cédric , Pariente Antoine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe elderly people are increasingly exposed to polymedication and therefore to the risks of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). However, there are few data available on the clinical consequences of these drug combinations. We investigated the impact of the various DDIs classified as severe in terms of emergency admissions in the elderly. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using information from the emergency department admissions of Bordeaux University Hospital between September 2016 and August 2017. Events of interest were frequency of concomitant uses of interacting drugs that are contraindicated or warned against and frequency of emergency admissions due to contraindicated or warned against concomitant uses of interacting drugs. Five thousand, eight hundred sixty (5860) admissions to the emergency department were analyzed. A total of 375 (6.4%) contraindicated or warned against concomitant uses were identified, including 163 contraindicated (43.5%) and 212 warned against (56.5%). Reason for admission appeared likely related to the underlying DDI in 58 cases. Within these, 36 admissions were assessed as probably due to a DDI (0.6% of hospitalizations) and 22 as certainly (0.4% of hospitalizations). Of these, there were 24 (45%) admissions related to a long QT syndrome (LQTS), nine (16%) related to a drug overdose, and eight (14%) related to a hemorrhage. An antidepressant was involved in 22 of the 24 cases of LQTS. Seven of the eight cases of hemorrhage involved the antithrombotic agents / non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs combination. Elderly patients admitted to emergency departments are particularly exposed to high‐risk potential DDIs. These drug combinations lead mainly to LQTS and involve certain antidepressants.
Multi‐scale event causality extraction via simultaneous knowledge‐attention and convolutional neural network
Authors: Yu Xiaoxiao , Wang Xinzhi , Luo Xiangfeng , Gao Jianqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvent causality extraction is a challenging task in natural language processing (NLP), which plays an important role in event prediction, scene generation, question answering and textual entailment. Most existing methods focus on extracting single‐scale (such as phrase) event causality, while fails to extract multi‐scale (such as word, phrase, sentence) event causality. To fill the gap, we propose multi‐scale event causality extraction via simultaneous knowledge‐attention and convolutional neural network (KA‐CNN). First, knowledge‐attention takes N‐gram embedding as input and takes semantic features, fused with prior knowledge through causal associative link network (CALN), as output. Second, multi‐scale CNN is designed with word embedding as input and semantic feature of corpus as output. Third, bidirectional long short‐term memory with conditional random field (BiLSTM + CRF) is conducted after concatenation of features from knowledge‐attention and multi‐scale CNN. Finally, we compare our results with other baselines. The experimental results show that our proposed method shows promising result in extracting multi‐scale event causality.
Chirplet transform‐based machine‐learning approach towards classification of cognitive state change using galvanic skin response and photoplethysmography signals
Authors: Saha Shuvodeep , Jindal Komal , Shakti Divya , Tewary Suman , Sardana Viren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent advances in the field of cognitive sciences have provided evidence to classify activities with different cognitive engagement levels. High cognitive load and sustained attention may predispose an individual to psychological and physical stress and may result in a lack of performance. Cognitive load monitoring of professionals in high precision fields has gathered significant attention in the current research scenario. The proposed work in continuity has tried to demonstrate the use of two non‐invasive physiological sensing modalities viz. galvanic skin response (GSR) and photoplethysmography (PPG) to elucidate effectiveness in picking up differences of two induced cognitive state categories based on machine learning and statistical methods. This paper demonstrates how GSR and PPG signals data can be effectively utilized to examine the shift in cognitive load. The present work proposes the use of general linear chirplet transform (GLCT) to evaluate the time‐frequency characteristic of GSR and PPG signals and utilize the statistical features in classification. Random Forest, Decision Tree, and k‐Nearest Neighbours demonstrated an accuracy of 92.13%, 88.0%, and 86.13% respectively on a dataset of 20 subjects against an optimized feature set, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for differentiating pre‐defined categories of cognitive load. The study shows the potential of GSR and PPG signals attributes and time‐frequency representation using GLCT to monitor cognitive load in real‐life conditions. The proposed work also indicates the possibility to extend the same to attention‐demanding fields such as aviation, medicine, and manufacturing for effective remediation of fatigue periods with increased cognitive demand, which, if sustained, may lead to cognitive decline in the long run.
A mutant allele of glycoprotein M6‐B (Gpm6b) facilitates behavioral flexibility but increases delay discounting
Authors: Sanchez‐Roige Sandra , Barnes Samuel A. , Mallari Jazlene , Wood Rebecca , Polesskaya Oksana , Palmer Abraham A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6B (Gpm6b) gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the proteolipid protein family, and is enriched in neurons, oligodendrocytes, and subset of astrocytes in the central nervous system. GPM6B is thought to play a role in neuronal differentiation, myelination, and inactivation of the serotonin transporter via internalization. Recent human genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated membrane glycoproteins (both GPM6B and GPM6A) in the regulation of traits relevant to psychiatric disorders, including neuroticism, depressed affect, and delay discounting. Mouse studies have implicated Gpm6b in sensorimotor gating and regulation of serotonergic signaling. We used CRISPR to create a mutant Glycoprotein M6B (Gpm6b) allele on a C57BL/6J mouse background. Because Gpm6b is located on the X chromosome, we focused on male Gpm6b mutant mice and their wild‐type littermates (WT) in two behavioral tests that measured aspects of impulsive or flexible decision‐making. We found that Gpm6b deletion caused deficits in a delay discounting task. In contrast, reward sensitivity was enhanced thereby facilitating behavioral flexibility and improving performance in the probabilistic reversal learning task. Taken together these data further delineate the role of Gpm6b in decision making behaviors that are relevant to multiple psychiatric disorders.
Piketty amongst the historians: Introduction to a symposium on Thomas Piketty's Capital and Ideology
Authors: Coopersmith Jonathan , Popp Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis essay introduces this forum on Thomas Piketty's Capitalism and Ideology. We outline the debates that emerge from a joint reading of the six contributions to the forum. In doing so we assess the importance of Piketty's contribution to historical debates on capitalism, ideology, and inequality and consider how historians might respond to the challenges Piketty presents.
Investigation of the effect of metoclopramide on proliferation signal molecules in breast tissue
Authors: Umur Nurcan , İldan Çalım Selda , Yazıcı Gülce Naz , Gurgen Seren Gulsen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetoclopramide (MCP) is a drug that has been widely used in recent years due to its hyperprolactinaemia effect on mothers during breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferative changes that MCP may cause in the maternal breast tissue. In this study, 18 Wistar albino young–adult breastfeeding mothers with their offspring were divided into three groups: control group, low‐dose MCP‐applied group and high‐dose MCP‐applied group. The experiment was carried out during the lactation period and at the end of 21 days. Prolactin, BrdU and Ki‐67 breast tissue distributions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and tissue levels were evaluated biochemically by the ELISA method. According to ELISA and immunohistochemistry results in breast tissue, there was no significant difference between Ki‐67 and BrdU results in all groups. Metoclopramide did not change the expression of proliferation molecules Ki‐67 and BrdU in breast tissue. These results suggested that while metoclopramide increases breast proliferation, it does not have the risk of transforming the tissue into a tumour.