bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preface
Authors: Dai Wanyang 
Published: August 2022

Since its inception in 2018, ICPMS (International Conference on Physics, Mathematics and Statistics) were successfully held for the last five years, Shanghai (2018), Hangzhou (2019), and online (2020, 2021, 2022), attracted delegates from more than 10 countries and regions including China, Thailand, Japan, the United States, South Korea. As an annual international conference, ICPMS aims at being a fast and efficient platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to discuss recent developments in the area of Physics, Mathematics and Statistics.
The Fifth International Conference on Physics, Mathematics and Statistics (ICPMS2022) was successfully held on May 21-22, 2022. Under the effect of COVID-19, the conference was chosen to be online, which gave everyone access to attend. This year the online meeting was composed of three sessions: Keynote Speeches, Oral Presentations and Poster Presentations, attracted about 50 delegates from all over the world. Details about the presentations can be found in the Conference Overview part.
This conference proceedings included 33 accepted articles selected from 71 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors. We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceedings.
On behalf of the Organizing Committees of ICPMS2022.
List of Technical Program Committee, Conference Overview, Conference Schedule, Keynote Speeches, Oral Presentations, Poster Presentations and Closing Ceremony are available in this pdf.
Study on aerodynamic characteristics of flying wing knapsack inlet duct
Authors: Ma Shang , Tao Yang , Wu Junqiang , Xiong Neng , Da Xingya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on the extended shape of the existing flying wing standard model with small aspect ratio, this paper studies the flow field characteristics around the model at different angles of attack and the flow field characteristics of the knapsack dual release inlet when the Mach number is equal to 1.8. The pressure coefficient distribution, velocity distribution and eddy characteristics of typical states are illustrated. The results show that the lip of the knapsack inlet has a significant effect on the flow characteristics of the back and abdomen of the model. After passing through the inlet lip and the S-shaped bend in the front section, the internal pressure distribution of the inlet is relatively uniform, there are obvious vortices in the inlet, the core flow near the tail nozzle flows smoothly, and the strong vortices are only near the wall.
An analytical method for the spherical stress wave equation in linear hardening materials
Authors: Wang Zhihuan , Tian Zhou , Wang Shufei , Chen Feng , He Zeng , Jia Leiming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An analytical method for the spherical stress wave equation in linear hardening materials under impact loading is given in this paper. In this method, the elastic, unloading and plastically loading wave equations are solved, separately. In the elastic region, the solutions under different wave velocity ratio conditions are given. In the unloading region and the plastically loading region, the general solutions of the equations are given and the ordinary differential equations of the arbitrary functions are obtained. And then the exact solutions of the equations are given. The stress contour diagrams in the medium under typical loading conditions are given by the analytical method. The correctness of the analytical method is verified by comparing with the numerical results. On the stress contour diagrams, the discontinuities of the analytical results are clearer than that of the numerical results. A parametric study is conducted to show the effects of the parameters on the behaviour of stress distributions. This method can be useful for the rapid calculation of the elastic-plastic spherical stress waves in engineering and the theoretical analysing and law studying of the elastic-plastic spherical stress wave researches.
Simulation of gradient floating field limiting rings for 4H-SiC power devices
Authors: Gao Xiuxiu , Dai Xiaoping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In order to have higher breakdown voltage (BV) for 4H-SiC power devices, a novel edge termination structure with gradient floating field limiting rings (FFLR) is proposed. The device blocking performance between conventional FFLR and proposed structures are compared by 2-D numerical device simulation. The BV can be increased by 10% and 20% of parallel plane breakdown voltage with the same P-well and epitaxial parameters when step is 0.2μm and 0.4μm.
Exact calculation of the elastic antiferromagnetic Ising model under static external force on Husimi lattice
Authors: Ning Xinyi , Tang Lisheng , He Xiaoyan , Huang Ran , Ma Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate an elastic Ising model with a modified Lennard-Jones potential on the Husimi recursive lattice, where the model can be solved exactly. An external force field to either stretch and press the lattice is applied to approach the elasticity in Ising model in a static way. As expected, both stretching and compressing induce less stability with lower T
c, nevertheless due to the asymmetric feature of the LJ well, trivial but realistic destabilization is observed in the stretch case implying the drawing crystallization, and interesting phenomenon of supercooled state and Kauzmann Paradox addressed by zero entropy at finite temperature is observed in the compression case on the left side of the LJ potential well.
A novel dynamic mechanical analysis device to measure the in-vivo material properties of plantar soft tissue and primary finite elementary analysis results
Authors: Wu Longyan , Zhu Jun , Zheng Jun , Geng Xiang , He Xiaoyan , Tang Lisheng , Huang Ran , Ma Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We have designed a series of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)-like device to directly measure the material properties of living human plantar soft tissue. Various mechanical tests of plantar soft tissue such as vertical, horizontal shear and torsion can be carried out on the newly invented instruments, and periodic strain-stress outputs are obtained to analyse the viscoelasticity of the tissue. Pioneering finite element analysis has been done by coupling the machine and human foot FE model from different simulation environments, and the simulation tests show good engineering verification of the device design, and consistent theoretical results of the material properties of plantar soft tissue as expected.
A reliability estimation method for spring group balanced system at different degradation temperatures
Authors: Ji Haodi , Ma Xiaobing , Wang Yanyan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The failure process of a balanced system consisting of several independent springs with the same structure is more complicated than that of a single spring. The balanced system of spring group should not only satisfy that the performance of all springs in the spring group is greater than the failure threshold, but also ensure that the performance difference between springs is not big. In this paper, the degradation parameters of spring compression ratio related to ambient temperature are estimated and the degradation parameters of other temperatures are extrapolated by Arrhenius model. Then the joint probability density function of the maximum and minimum order statistics of the spring compression ratio is used to estimate the reliability of the spring group balanced system at different degradation ambient temperatures. The results show that the Arrhenius model is effective in fitting the parameters of spring degenerate drift. The model established in this paper realizes the reliability evaluation of the spring balance system at different temperatures.
Improvement of impact wear properties of seat insert by laser cladding cobalt-based alloy
Authors: Qu Shengguan , Ma Xiaoyue , Duan Chenfeng , Hu Xiongfeng , Li Jianhua , Li Xiaoqiang , Sun Ge 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The impact wear properties of two different contact pairs, N80A valve-cast iron seat insert (cast iron group) and N80A valve-clad seat insert (cladding group), were studied in this work. In this paper, an independently designed tribo-tester combined with a depth gauge and corresponding auxiliary devices can record the axial subsidence of the contact pairs during the entire worn process. The results showed that during the 5 × 106 impact test, cast iron groups and cladding groups followed the worn process curve, and all went through the running-in stage and the stable worn stage. However, at each stage, the subsidence of cladding groups was smaller than that of cast iron groups. The roughness meter not only recorded the roughness of all samples before and after the test, but also can obtain the respective subsidence of the samples through the difference between the profiles before and after the test. The results can be mutually corroborated with the axial subsidence measured by the depth gauge. As a result, the roughness of the sealing surfaces of all valve-seat inserts increased significantly after the impact test. The total worn subsidence of the cast iron groups was about 1.61 times that of the cladding groups. The worn morphology was further studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The cast iron group mainly experienced serious adhesive wear and oxidation wear, while the cladding group mainly experienced fatigue wear, oxidative wear and abrasive wear.
The Tribological Properties of Micro-textured AlCrN Coated Cemented Carbide
Authors: Yang Shucai , Han Pei , Tong Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of tests undertaken to examine the surface friction characteristics of cemented carbide when enhanced with a textured coating. A platform was built to analyze the sensitivity of different micro-texture and coating parameters on the friction and wear behavior of AlCrN coated cemented carbide, with the goal of revealing the friction and wear mechanisms associated with such surfaces. The results show that the selection of appropriate parameters can suppress vibration and reduce friction, with the time until failure of micro-textured AlCrN coated cemented carbide surfaces being 20–25 min. The main factors affecting the vibration and friction are the coating thickness, the interaction between various micro-texture preparation parameters, and the micro-pit diameter. When the coating is treated by a laser, the thinner the coating, the greater the surface hardness and the smaller the changes in the film/substrate bonding force. Changes in laser power, scanning speed and scanning times all affect the energy received per unit area of the material’s surface, affecting the target diameter and micro-texture quality. The kind of surface wear experienced by micro-textured AlCrN coated cemented carbide is mainly adhesive wear, accompanied by oxidative wear. Taking vibration, friction force and degree of wear degree as evaluation criteria, the optimal parameters are: a coating thickness of 1.2 μm; a laser power of 45W; a scanning speed of 1500–1700 mm s−1; 7–8 scans; a micro-pit diameter of 40–60 μm; and a distance of 150 μm between the micro-pits.
Collective dynamics in plasmas—II. Some basic fluid modes
Authors: Bers Abraham 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter continues the discussion of collective dynamics in plasmas by exploring linear collective modes, as well as some of their nonlinear couplings. The modes are derived from simplified one-dimensional (one-d), reduced hydrodynamic models of plasma dynamics. In particular, the single-fluid MHD model and the two- (or multi-) fluid cold-plasma or plasma with isotropic thermal pressures models are examined here. The simplest collective modes are derived from wave equations that arise from the self-consistent field (SCF) equations of the particular plasma dynamics model in conjunction with the appropriate set of Maxwell field equations. Generally, the dynamics of plasmas is nonlinear, and the study of physically-confined plasmas must include effects of spatial inhomogeneity and boundedness of their equilibria. Some simple aspects of nonlinearity and inhomogeneity can usefully be described in terms of coupling of linear natural modes. The chapter aims at introducing descriptions of the simplest linear natural modes exhibited by hydrodynamic models of plasma dynamics.
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in plasmas
Authors: Bers Abraham 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter continues the discussion of nonlinear dynamics in plasmas by exploring nonlinear particle interactions with coherent waves, including soliton wave-wave interactions (WWI) and chaotic dynamics. It turns to results from computational physics which draws from examples developed for, and carried over from, solved problems in nonlinear physics and engineering of the past and present. These results are helpful in understanding solitons and deterministic chaos. The study here can be separated in two major parts, with the first part giving the treatment of a variety of simple models, each accounting for specific nonlinear plasma manifestations in both wave-particle interactions (WPI) and WWI. Also included is an analysis of nonlaminarity in boundary dynamics and a general and detailed derivation of the Manley–Rowe relations. The second part addresses two specific nonlinear evolutions in plasmas—solitons in nonlinear waves and WWI, and deterministic chaos in WPI.
Kinetic theory of collisions and transport—II. Weakly-ionized plasmas
Authors: Bers Abraham 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter turns to weakly-ionized plasmas. It describes electron-neutral collisions and some of the resulting transport in applied EM fields. The simplified Lorentz model/operator, and the solution of the electron distribution function using an expansion in spherical harmonics analyzed here allows for rigorously defining various relaxation frequencies that were introduced in earlier chapters in an ad-hoc manner. The chapter then pays attention on finding the electrical conductivity in a weakly-ionized plasma in applied EM fields, and addresses diffusion and thermal conductivity and the important case of “intermediate plasmas.” The results of this chapter should be useful, notably in the following domains of study: gas discharges at low power; ionosphere up to an altitude of about 250 km; and dense and not too hot plasmas such as flames and magnetohydrodynamic energy converters.
Radiation and fluctuations in plasmas
Authors: Bers Abraham 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines the interaction of radiation with matter and plasmas. The interaction of radiation fields, in general, with material particles inside a plasma is treated in detail. For a quantitative evaluation of the radiation emitted by a plasma, one needs to take account of its optical thickness for the radiation that it can emit. If the plasma is optically thick (fully-opaque), then it emits as a black body, and the resulting energy loss can be important. To evaluate the radiated power in an optically thin plasma on the other hand, one needs to proceed to a detailed analysis of processes responsible for the emission of radiation. In all the cases, coupling of radiation with matter must also be taken into account as the radiation emitted by some internal parts of the plasma can be absorbed in its external layers, and the resulting emission in the external vacuum depends upon these phenomena of self-absorption.
Development and validation of a frailty index compatible with three interRAI assessment instruments
Authors: Abey-Nesbit Rebecca , Bergler Ulrich , Pickering John W , Nishtala Prasad S , Jamieson Hamish 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
a Frailty Index (FI) calculated by the accumulation of deficits is often used to quantify the extent of frailty in individuals in specific settings. This study aimed to derive a FI that can be applied across three standardised international Residential Assessment Instrument assessments (interRAI), used at different stages of ageing and the corresponding increase in support needs.

Methods
deficit items common to the interRAI Contact Assessment (CA), Home Care (HC) or Long-Term Care Facilities assessment (LTCF) were identified and recoded to form a cumulative deficit FI. The index was validated using a large dataset of needs assessments of older people in New Zealand against mortality prediction using Kaplan Meier curves and logistic regression models. The index was further validated by comparing its performance with a previously validated index in the HC cohort.

Results
the index comprised 15 questions across seven domains. The assessment cohort and their mean frailty (SD) were: 89,506 CA with 0.26 (0.15), 151,270 HC with 0.36 (0.15) and 83,473 LTCF with 0.41 (0.17). The index predicted 1-year mortality for each of the CA, HC and LTCF, cohorts with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.741 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.718–0.762), 0.687 (95%CI: 0.684–0.690) and 0.674 (95%CI: 0.670–0.678), respectively.

Conclusions
the results for this multi-instrument FI are congruent with the differences in frailty expected for people in the target settings for these instruments and appropriately associated with mortality at each stage of the journey of progressive ageing.
Inverted-V Deformity: An Anatomic Study
Authors: Minelli Lennert , Callan Peter P 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe inverted-V deformity is an unwanted aesthetic consequence of dorsal hump resection. Despite their attachment to the nasal bones, the upper lateral cartilages (ULCs) can separate from the nasal bones, creating a step-off after cartilaginous dorsal hump removal.ObjectivesThe mechanism of how the ULCs can separate from the nasal bones despite their attachment was studied to improve understanding of the inverted-V complication and its prevention.MethodsA dorsal hump resection (bony and cartilaginous) was performed on 12 fresh cadavers to observe the effect on the ULCs. As a secondary study, the effect of different preventative maneuvers was investigated.ResultsCartilaginous dorsal resection destroys the spreader mechanism of the T-frame and impacts the stabilization of the ULCs, resulting in them becoming free-floating. This causes them to migrate in a posterior, medial, and cranial direction relative to the nasal bones. The dynamic attachment of the ULCs to the nasal bones is key in this mechanism and allows actual separation of the ULCs from the nasal bones to result in the inverted-V deformity. Caudal traction to the ULCs re-tensions these attachments, pulling the ULCs against the nasal bones again.ConclusionsThis anatomic dissection study has established that the connection between the nasal dorsum and ULCs is not a static fusion but is dynamic. This attachment can be used in primary rhinoplasty to prevent inverted-V deformity by applying caudal traction to the ULCs when reconstructing the dorsum which will tension the ULCs toward the nasal bones.
Effect of Tax Structure Reform on Public Debt in Developing Countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo reduce their public revenue dependence on international trade tax revenue, policymakers in developing countries have engaged (with the assistance of international financial institutions and bilateral donors) in the reform of their tax revenue structure, with a view to reducing their public revenue dependence on international trade tax revenue. This reform (referred to as tax reform) is particularly important given the ongoing unavoidable trade liberalization that sooner or later further erode international trade revenue. Using an unbalanced panel dataset of 127 countries over the period 1980–2019, and the two-step system generalized method of moments, the present article investigates the public debt effect of this tax reform. The empirical analysis has shown that a greater extent of tax reform helps to reduce public debt, with the magnitude of this negative effect being larger in countries with a high share of non-resource tax revenue in public revenue. In addition, the public debt reduction effect of tax reform is larger, the greater is countries’ share of international trade tax revenue in non-resource tax revenue. This analysis has important policy implications. (JEL codes: H63, H10, and H20)
Financialisation and the authoritarian state: the case of Russia
Authors: Mishura Anna , Ageeva Svetlana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using the example of Russia, we argue that financialisation in an authoritarian state can take place primarily through formation in financial sector monopoly-like state-related structures controlled by a limited circle of the irreplaceable elite. It occurs because financialisation and new financial technologies in an authoritarian state increase both the opportunities and incentives for dominance of large state-dependent institutions in the financial sector. The authoritarian state and its elite are using financial and information technology developments in accordance with their goals, adopting and enhancing some financial practices and innovations from the experience of developed countries while rejecting, distorting or slowing down others. As a result, on the one hand, within the framework of the formation of such monopoly-like institutions, financialisation is proceeding actively, the role of finance and financial relations in society is increasing everywhere and the use of new financial technologies, digitalisation and financial inclusion are expanding. On the other hand, some financial markets remain underdeveloped because either they imply a certain degree of competition, diversity, institutional quality and independence from state voluntarism, or the state and authoritarian elite have not yet fully elaborated a strategy of integrating these financial markets into the orbit of their interests. Thus financialisation in DEEs with an authoritarian political regime can strengthen and facilitate the dominance of authoritarian elites. We draw these conclusions considering the example of financialisation in Russia in the last two decades, where the banking sector is at the core of the financial system.
Multiple Histograms-Based Reversible Data Hiding Using Fast Performance Optimization and Adaptive Pixel Distribution
Authors: Yuan Junying , Zheng Huicheng , Ni Jiangqun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In prediction error-based reversible data hiding, multiple histograms modification (MHM) is well known for high image quality and thus has received wide attention in recent years. However, the computational cost for performance optimization in MHM is too high, which is particularly critical for real-time applications. This manuscript aims to reduce the computational complexity of MHM by presenting two techniques, including fast performance optimization and adaptive pixel distribution. Fast performance optimization provides a two-stage process for optimal bin selection by exploiting the concept of per-bit distortion of data embedding within a prediction error histogram (PEH). In fast performance optimization, the distribution characteristics of the per-bit distortion are investigated to significantly narrow down the solution space of optimal bin selection. The second technique is adaptive pixel distribution, which tries to nonuniformly allocate pixels into multiple PEHs to further reduce the time complexity. Extensive experiments show that the computational complexity of MHM is significantly reduced while well preserving the image quality.