bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alveolates (dinoflagellates, ciliates and apicomplexans) and Rhizarians are the most common microbial eukaryotes in temperate Appalachian karst caves
Authors: Cahoon A. Bruce , VanGundy Robert D. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to survey the eukaryotic microbiome of two karst caves in the Valley and Ridge physiographic region of the Appalachian Mountains. Caves are known to harbour eukaryotic microbes but their very low densities and small cell size make them difficult to collect and identify. Microeukaryotes were surveyed using two methodologies, filtering water and submerging glass microscope slides mounted in periphytometers in cave pools. The periphyton sampling yielded 13.5 times more unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) than filtered water. The most abundant protist supergroup was Alveolata with large proportions of the ASVs belonging to dinoflagellate, ciliate and apicomplexan clades. The next most abundant were Rhizarians followed by Stramenopiles (diatoms and chrysophytes) and Ameobozoans. Very few of the ASVs, 1.5%, matched curated protist sequences with greater than 99% identity and only 2.5% could be identified from surface plankton samples collected in the same region. The overall composition of the eukaryotic microbiome appears to be a combination of bacterial grazers and parasitic species that could possibly survive underground as well as cells, cysts and spores probably transported from the surface.
Functional genome mining and taxono‐genomics reveal eco‐physiological traits and species distinctiveness of aromatic‐degrading Pseudomonas bharatica sp. nov.
Authors: Mohapatra Balaram , Nain Sonam , Sharma Rakesh , Phale Prashant S. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryAssistive eco‐physiological traits are necessary for microbes to adapt and colonize at polluted niches, enabling efficient clean‐up. To demarcate species distinctiveness and eco‐physiological traits of aromatic compounds metabolizing Pseudomonas sp. CSV86T (earlier identified as Pseudomonas putida), an Indian isolate from a petrol station soil, comparative genome mining, taxono‐genomic, and physiological analyses were performed. A 6.79 Mbp genome (62.72 G + C mol%) of CSV86T encodes 6798 CDS and 238 unique genes. Naphthalene metabolism and Co‐Zn‐Cd resistance gene clusters were part of distinct genomic islands. Abundance of transporters (aromatics, organic acids, amino acids, and metals) and mobile elements (integrases, transposases, conjugative proteins) differentiated CSV86T from its closest relatives. Enhanced siderophore production for Fe‐uptake during aromatic metabolism, indole acetic acid production, and fusaric acid resistance wasvalidated by genomic attributes. Full‐length 16S‐rRNA phylogeny revealed Pseudomonas japonica WLT as a closest relative of CSV86T. However, lower genomic indices (<97% gyrB‐rpoB‐rpoD homology, <90% ANI, <50% DNA–DNA relatedness) and taxonomic differences (assimilation of organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids composition) substantially differentiated CSV86T from its closest relatives, indicating it to be a novel species as Pseudomonas bharatica. Preferential metabolism of aromatics with advantageous eco‐physiological traits renders CSV86T an ideal candidate for bioremediation and host for metabolic engineering.
Circ_0020123 plays an oncogenic role in non‐small cell lung cancer depending on the regulation of miR‐512‐3p/CORO1C
Authors: Zhang Heng , Huang Ting , Yuan Shisi , Long Yuxi , Tan Shuai , Niu Guoliang , Zhang Puhua , Yang Meiling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes responsible for cancer‐associated death globally. The aim of this study was to illustrate the function of circular RNA_0020123 (circ_0020123) in NSCLC progression and its associated mechanism.MethodsRNA and protein expression was determined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot assay. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed to assess the role of circ_0020123/microRNA‐512‐3p (miR‐512‐3p)/coronin 1C (CORO1C) axis in NSCLC cells. Tumorigenesis in nude mice was analyzed to determine the in vivo role of circ_0020123. The intermolecular target relation was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.ResultsCirc_0020123 expression was aberrantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0020123 interference markedly restrained cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and autophagy and induced cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Circ_0020123 knockdown suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0020123 acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐512‐3p. Circ_0020123 silencing‐induced effects in NSCLC cells were largely reversed by the knockdown of miR‐512‐3p. miR‐512‐3p interacted with the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of CORO1C. CORO1C overexpression largely reversed miR‐512‐3p accumulation‐induced influences in NSCLC cells. Circ_0020123 positively regulated CORO1C expression by sponging miR‐512‐3p in NSCLC cells.ConclusionCirc_0020123 aggravated NSCLC progression by binding to miR‐512‐3p to induce CORO1C expression, which provided new potential targets for the treatment of NSCLC.
S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine extends lifespan through methionine restriction effects
Authors: Ogawa Takafumi , Masumura Koji , Kohara Yuki , Kanai Muneyoshi , Soga Tomoyoshi , Ohya Yoshikazu , Blackwell T. Keith , Mizunuma Masaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethionine restriction (MetR) can extend lifespan and delay the onset of aging‐associated pathologies in most model organisms. Previously, we showed that supplementation with the metabolite S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine (SAH) extends lifespan and activates the energy sensor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanism involved and whether SAH can extend metazoan lifespan have remained unknown. Here, we show that SAH supplementation reduces Met levels and recapitulates many physiological and molecular effects of MetR. In yeast, SAH supplementation leads to inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and activation of autophagy. Furthermore, in Caenorhabditis elegans SAH treatment extends lifespan by activating AMPK and providing benefits of MetR. Therefore, we propose that SAH can be used as an intervention to lower intracellular Met and confer benefits of MetR.
Epidemic Infrastructures and the Politics of Responsibility in Lahore
Authors: Rehman Nida 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2011, an outbreak of dengue fever struck the most urbanised districts of Punjab. After an initially slow response, the Punjab Government set up a digital disease surveillance system which was soon hailed as a model for epidemic control and public health governance. Despite these successes, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes have continued to take advantage of the micro‐ecologies of Lahore’s urban landscape—in part because of the fragmented and uneven socio‐spatial dynamics of water access, storage, and use. This paper brings into conversation, and in tension, these different infrastructural dimensions of dengue, namely the celebrated system of vector surveillance and the fractured infrastructures of water, within a single frame of “epidemic infrastructures”. It conceptualises the long‐standing unevenness of Lahore’s water systems as “infrastructures of transmission” and techno‐managerial systems of control as “infrastructures of problematisation”. The paper uses the lens of heterogeneity to bring together different components of these systems and explore their intersecting effects. I show how the transmission of dengue paradoxically follows both the scarcity and abundance of water use in the city. Yet these socio‐ecological complexities are bypassed in the technical matrices to visualise, enumerate, and emplace vectors, which also provide the means to narrativise state successes. I argue that epidemic infrastructures work together to reinforce individualised responsibilities for infrastructural maintenance and urban health to residents and workers.
Bioengineering solutions for ureteric disorders: clinical need, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kapetanos Konstantinos , Light Alexander , Thakare Niyukta , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Saeb‐Parsy Kasra , Saeb‐Parsy Kourosh 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo summarise the causes of ureteric damage and the current standard of care, discussing the risks and benefits of available therapeutic options. We then focus on the current and future solutions that can be provided by ureteric bioengineering and provide a description of the ideal characteristics of a bioengineered product.MethodsWe performed a literature search in February 2021 in: Google Scholar, Medline, and Web of Science. Three searches were conducted, investigating: (a) the epidemiology of ureteric pathology, (b) the current standard of care, and (c) the state of the art in ureteric bioengineering.ResultsThe most‐common causes of ureteric damage are iatrogenic injury and external trauma. Current approaches to treatment include stent placement or surgical reconstruction. Reconstruction can be done using either urological tissue or segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Limitations include scarring, strictures, and infections. Several bioengineered alternatives have been explored in animal studies, with variations in the choice of scaffold material, cellular seeding populations, and pre‐implantation processing. Natural grafts and hybrid material appear to be associated with superior outcomes. Furthermore, seeding of the scaffold material with stem cells or differentiated urothelial cells allows for better function compared to acellular scaffolds. Some studies have attempted to pre‐implant the graft in the omentum prior to reconstruction, but this has yet to prove any definitive benefits.ConclusionThere is an unmet clinical need for safer and more effective treatment for ureteric injuries. Urological bioengineering is a promising solution in preclinical studies. However, substantial scientific, logistic, and economic challenges must be addressed to harness its transformative potential in improving outcomes.
From fibre to function: are we accurately representing muscle architecture and performance?
Authors: Charles James , Kissane Roger , Hoehfurtner Tatjana , Bates Karl T. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe size and arrangement of fibres play a determinate role in the kinetic and energetic performance of muscles. Extrapolations between fibre architecture and performance underpin our understanding of how muscles function and how they are adapted to power specific motions within and across species. Here we provide a synopsis of how this ‘fibre to function’ paradigm has been applied to understand muscle design, performance and adaptation in animals. Our review highlights the widespread application of the fibre to function paradigm across a diverse breadth of biological disciplines but also reveals a potential and highly prevalent limitation running through past studies. Specifically, we find that quantification of muscle architectural properties is almost universally based on an extremely small number of fibre measurements. Despite the volume of research into muscle properties, across a diverse breadth of research disciplines, the fundamental assumption that a small proportion of fibre measurements can accurately represent the architectural properties of a muscle has never been quantitatively tested. Subsequently, we use a combination of medical imaging, statistical analysis, and physics‐based computer simulation to address this issue for the first time. By combining diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and deterministic fibre tractography we generated a large number of fibre measurements (>3000) rapidly for individual human lower limb muscles. Through statistical subsampling simulations of these measurements, we demonstrate that analysing a small number of fibres (n < 25) typically used in previous studies may lead to extremely large errors in the characterisation of overall muscle architectural properties such as mean fibre length and physiological cross‐sectional area. Through dynamic musculoskeletal simulations of human walking and jumping, we demonstrate that recovered errors in fibre architecture characterisation have significant implications for quantitative predictions ofin‐vivodynamics and muscle fibre function within a species. Furthermore, by applying data‐subsampling simulations to comparisons of muscle function in humans and chimpanzees, we demonstrate that error magnitudes significantly impact both qualitative and quantitative assessment of muscle specialisation, potentially generating highly erroneous conclusions about the absolute and relative adaption of muscles across species and evolutionary transitions. Our findings have profound implications for how a broad diversity of research fields quantify muscle architecture and interpret muscle function.
Adolescents' adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Clough Isabelle M. , Drozdova Anna D. , Cavanagh Caitlin , Gile Thomas April 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic in the United States resulted in safety guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intended to curb the spread of the virus. Adolescents are potentially at risk for disregarding these guidelines due to their reduced psychosocial maturity compared with adults. The current study examined the relationship between adolescents' psychosocial maturity, perceived importance of the CDC guidelines and adherence to the CDC guidelines within some of the highest risk groups for contracting COVID‐19 in a county particularly impacted by the pandemic (i.e., Hispanic and low‐SES youth in El Paso, Texas).MethodsParticipants completed a phone interview with a research assistant regarding their thoughts and behaviours in the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Adolescents (N = 68) were 15.38 years old on average (SD = 1.05, range = 13, 17), predominantly male (60.3%) and nearly exclusively Hispanic/Latino (94.1%).ResultsResults indicated that although more psychosocially mature adolescents reported greater adherence to the CDC guidelines than less psychosocially mature adolescents, the association between psychosocial maturity and adherence was fully mediated by how important adolescents felt it was to follow the guidelines. Specifically, greater perceived importance was associated with greater adherence to the guidelines.ConclusionsThe current study found that more psychosocially mature adolescents adhere to CDC's safety guidelines better than less psychosocially mature adolescents because they are more likely to view the guidelines as important. Information that attempts to increase adolescent adherence to the guidelines should therefore emphasize not only that following the guidelines is important, but why following the guidelines is so important. Less psychosocially mature adolescents may benefit most from interventions efforts and targeted messages regarding the importance of following the CDC's guidelines, as more psychosocially mature adolescents already recognize this importance.
Weston Hurst hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: A novel association with mixed connective tissue disease: uncloaking the “unholy” etiology underneath
Authors: Ghosh Ritwik , Chatterjee Subhankar , Roy Dipayan , Finsterer Josef , Lahiri Durjoy , Dubey Souvik , Benito‐León Julián 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWeston Hurst syndrome (WHS), also known as acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), has not been previously associated with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), a rare rheumatologic disorder.Case presentationWe report a case of a 35‐year‐old female who presented with deep coma with features of previously undiagnosed MCTD and responded favorably to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. On detailed historical enquiry, clinical examination, and investigation, AHLE was diagnosed. Furthermore, our patient showed significant improvement with IVIG administration, even though initial steroid therapy was unsuccessful.ConclusionAHLE, an associated novel neurological manifestation of MCTD, can be responsive to IVIG, which makes this case reportable from the diagnostic as well as the therapeutic point of view.
The clinical and biochemical hallmarks generally associated with GLUT1DS may be caused by defects in genes other than SLC2A1
Authors: Sánchez‐Lijarcio Obdulia , Yubero Delia , Leal Fátima , Couce María L. , González Gutiérrez‐Solana Luis , López‐Laso Eduardo , García‐Cazorla Àngels , Pías‐Peleteiro Leticia , de Azua Brea Begoña , Ibáñez‐Micó Salvador , Mateo‐Martínez Gonzalo , Troncoso‐Schifferli Monica , Witting‐Enriquez Scarlet , Ugarte Magdalena , Artuch Rafael , Pérez Belén 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a neurometabolic disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the GLUT1 glucose transporter (encoded by SLC2A1) leading to defective glucose transport across the blood–brain barrier. This work describes the genetic analysis of 56 patients with clinical or biochemical GLUT1DS hallmarks. 55.4% of these patients had a pathogenic variant of SLC2A1, and 23.2% had a variant in one of 13 different genes. No pathogenic variant was identified for the remaining patients. Expression analysis of SLC2A1 indicated a reduction in SLC2A1 mRNA in patients with pathogenic variants of this gene, as well as in one patient with a pathogenic variant in SLC9A6, and in three for whom no candidate variant was identified. Thus, the clinical and biochemical hallmarks generally associated with GLUT1DS may be caused by defects in genes other than SLC2A1.
Mixed T cell CHIMERISM in bone marrow at day+30 after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Correlation with acute GVHD grades III–IV and no impact on relapse and overall survival
Authors: Guidotti Samantha , Bassi Simona , Rossi Angela , Borotti Elena , Cortellazzi Pilade , Ferrarese Diego , Ronda Elena , Scarpa Alice , Schiro Alice , Merli Francesco , Prezioso Lucia , Bonifazi Francesca , Narni Franco , Fabrizi Enrico , Vallisa Daniele 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesEarly chimerism analysis is important to assess engraftment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the impact of T‐cell chimerism at day 30 in bone marrow on acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD), relapse, and overall survival in 142 adult allo‐transplanted patients.ResultsThe majority of patients (89%) received myeloablative conditioning and 90% have undergone T‐cell replete donor graft. At day 30, 103 patients showed T‐complete chimerism with prevalence in haploidentical transplants, whereas 39 cases had CD3+ mixed chimerism, including 30 patients transplanted with HLA identical donors, and 21 with T‐cell donors<90%.T‐cell chimerism at day 30 was weakly inversely related to aGVHD grades II–IV (p = .078) with no cases of grades III–IV aGVHD in patients with CD3+ <95%. Mixed T‐cell chimerism did not impact on relapse (p = .448) and five of the seven patients who relapsed had T‐cell chimerism ≤90%. Older age and active disease at transplant had a statistically significant negative effect on overall survival (p = .01 and p = .0001, respectively), whereas mixed CD3+ chimerism did not.ConclusionsT lymphocyte chimerism analysis at day +30 in bone marrow could identify allo‐transplanted patients at major risk of aGVHD grades III–IV (CD3+ donors >95%) mainly post‐myeloablative conditioning regimen.
A Method for Evaluating Coastal Underground Barrier Wall Using Groundwater Tidal Response
Authors: Shirahata Katsushi , Yoshimoto Shuhei , Tsuchihara Takeo , Nakazato Hiroomi , Ishida Satoshi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTidal response methods are usually used to estimate the hydraulic parameters of coastal aquifers. In this study an analytical model for aquifer tidal response was used. An existing analytical solution for tidal response of groundwater levels was extended to evaluate a subsurface barrier wall to prevent saltwater penetration in a coastal aquifer. A field feasibility study was conducted at the Komesu Dam, Japan. Groundwater levels were observed at pairs of sites on the seaward and reservoir sides of the wall. Groundwater‐level time series data collected from a reservoir‐side site near a horizontal hollow pipe penetrating the wall contained a visible sinusoidal tidal component, whereas data from another reservoir‐side site did not. Analysis of these observations on the groundwater tidal response derived hydraulic parameters of the barrier wall between the paired observation sites. Although the parameters derived by the used simple formulas seem only approximate or apparent, the difference of the results for the two pairs indicated that the extended tidal response method can be useful for evaluation of the barrier function of the wall.
Sleepwalking, sleep terrors, sexsomnia and other disorders of arousal: the old and the new
Authors: Idir Yannis , Oudiette Delphine , Arnulf Isabelle 
Published: April 2022

SummaryDisorders of arousal (DOA) is an umbrella term initially covering classical sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and confusional arousals, and now including a wider spectrum of specialised forms of non rapid eye movement (non REM) parasomnias such as sexsomnia, sleep‐related eating disorder, and sleep‐related choking syndrome. Growing evidence has shown that DOA are not restricted to children but are also prevalent in adults (2%–4% of the adult population). While DOA run in family, genetics studies remain scarce and inconclusive. In addition to the risk of injury on themselves and others (including sexual assaults in sexsomnia), adults with DOA frequently suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, pain, and altered quality of life. The widespread view of DOA as automatic and amnesiac behaviours has now been challenged by subjective (dream reports) and objective (dream‐enacting behaviours documented on video‐polysomnography) observations, suggesting that sleepwalkers are ‘dream walking’ during their episodes. Behavioural, experiential, cognitive, and brain (scalp electroencephalography [EEG], stereo‐EEG, high density‐EEG, functional brain imaging) data converge in showing a dissociated pattern during the episodes. This dissociated pattern resembles the new concept of local arousal with a wake‐like activation in motor and limbic regions and a preserved (or even increased) sleep intensity over a frontoparietal network. EEG and behavioural criteria supporting the DOA diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity are now available. However, treatment is still based on controlling priming and precipitating factors, as well as on clinicians’ personal experience with sedative drugs. Placebo‐controlled trials are needed to improve patients’ treatment. DOA deserve more attention from sleep researchers and clinicians.