bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the effects of forest fire on soil properties
Authors: Agbeshie Alex Amerh , Abugre Simon , Atta-Darkwa Thomas , Awuah Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForest fires are key ecosystem modifiers affecting the biological, chemical, and physical attributes of forest soils. The extent of soil disturbance by fire is largely dependent on fire intensity, duration and recurrence, fuel load, and soil characteristics. The impact on soil properties is intricate, yielding different results based on these factors. This paper reviews research investigating the effects of wildfire and prescribed fire on the biological and physico-chemical attributes of forest soils and provides a summary of current knowledge associated with the benefits and disadvantages of such fires. Low-intensity fires with ash deposition on soil surfaces cause changes in soil chemistry, including increase in available nutrients and pH. High intensity fires are noted for the complete combustion of organic matter and result in severe negative impacts on forest soils. High intensity fires result in nutrient volatilization, the break down in soil aggregate stability, an increase soil bulk density, an increase in the hydrophobicity of soil particles leading to decreased water infiltration with increased erosion and destroy soil biota. High soil heating (> 120 °C) from high-intensity forest fires is detrimental to the soil ecosystem, especially its physical and biological properties. In this regard, the use of prescribed burning as a management tool to reduce the fuel load is highly recommended due to its low intensity and limited soil heating. Furthermore, the use of prescribed fires to manage fuel loads is critically needed in the light of current global warming as it will help prevent increased wildfire incidences. This review provides information on the impact of forest fires on soil properties, a key feature in the maintenance of healthy ecosystems. In addition, the review should prompt comprehensive soil and forest management regimes to limit soil disturbance and restore fire-disturbed soil ecosystems.
Where Are We Now and Where Might We Be Headed in Understanding and Managing Brain Metastases in Colorectal Cancer Patients?
Authors: Mjahed Ribal Bou , Astaras Christoforos , Roth Arnaud , Koessler Thibaud 
Published: April 2022

Opinion statementCompared to liver and lung metastases, brain metastases (BMs) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are rare and remain poorly investigated despite the anticipated rise in their incidence. CRC patients bearing BM have a dismal prognosis with a median survival of 3–6 months, significantly lower than that of patients with BM from other primary tumors, and of those with metastatic CRC manifesting extracranially. While liver and lung metastases from CRC have more codified treatment strategies, there is no consensus regarding the treatment of BM in CRC, and their management follows the approaches of BM from other solid tumors. Therapeutic strategies are driven by the number and localisation of the lesion, consisting in local treatments such as surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, or whole-brain radiotherapy. Novel treatment modalities are slowly finding their way into this shy unconsented armatorium including immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or a combination of those, among others.This article reviews the pioneering strategies aiming at understanding, diagnosing, and managing this disease, and discusses future directions, challenges, and potential innovations in each of these domains.
Highlights
• With the increasing survival in CRC, brain and other rare/late-onset metastases are rising.
• Distal colon/rectal primary location, long-standing progressive lung metastases, and longer survival are risk factors for BM development in CRC.
• Late diagnosis and lack of consensus treatment strategies make BM-CRC diagnosis very dismal.
• Liquid biopsies using circulating tumor cells might offer excellent opportunities in the early diagnosis of BM-CRC and the search for therapeutic options.
• Multi-modality treatment including surgical metastatic resection, postoperative SRS with/without WBRT, and chemotherapy is the best current treatment option.
• Recent mid-sized clinical trials, case reports, and preclinical models show the potential of unconventional therapeutic approaches as monoclonal antibodies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
Effects of an enteral nutrient-rich therapy with omega-3 fatty acids in patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer or pancreatic cancer during chemotherapy: a case–control study
Authors: Abe Kyohei , Uwagawa Tadashi , Hamura Ryoga , Shirai Yoshihiro , Yasuda Jungo , Furukawa Kenei , Shiozaki Hironori , Onda Shinji , Gocho Takeshi , Ikegami Toru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo evaluate omega-3 fatty acid-rich enteral nutrient effects in patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract or pancreatic cancers during chemotherapy. Enteric nutritional supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids (Racol®) was administered to aforementioned patients with cancers during chemotherapy. The skeletal muscle mass and blood test data were obtained pre-administration and 28 and 56 days after. Patients with pancreatic cancer were administered the digestive enzyme supplement pancrelipase (LipaCreon®) 28 days after the start of Racol® administration. The number of chemotherapies skipped due to neutropenia was recorded for 2 months before and after enteral nutrient initiation. In all 39 patients, the skeletal muscle mass increased on day 56 versus baseline (median 17.3 kg vs. 14.8 kg, p < 0.01), number of chemotherapies skipped decreased (mean: 0.65 times/month vs. 1.3 times/month, p = 0.03), and retinol-binding protein (mean: 2.56 mg/dL vs. 2.42 mg/dL, p = 0.05) increased. Patients with pancreatic cancer showed increased blood eicosapentaenoic acid concentration on day 56 versus baseline (median: 48.1 μg/mL vs. 37.0 μg/mL, p = 0.04) and increased skeletal muscle mass (median 16.8 kg vs. 14.4 kg, p = 0.006). Baseline median neutrophil count increased significantly from 2200/μL at baseline to 2500/μL (p = 0.04). Patients with biliary tract cancer during chemotherapy also exhibited increased skeletal muscle mass following omega-3 supplementation (median 17.3 kg vs. 15.8 kg, p = 0.01). In patients undergoing chemotherapy for unresectable or post-recurrence pancreatic and biliary tract cancers, high-omega-3 fatty acid nutrition therapy use improved skeletal muscle maintenance and chemotherapy dosing intensity.
Mutation in SF3B1 gene promotes formation of polyploid giant cells in Leukemia cells
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjay , Ali Abdullah Mahmood , Murty Vundavalli V. , Raza Azra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGiant cells with polyploidy, termed polyploid giant cells, have been observed during normal growth, development, and pathologic states, such as solid cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Functional studies of polyploidal giant cancer cells (PGCC) provided evidence that they arise when normal diploid cells are stressed, show stem cell-like properties, and give rise to tumors. In the present study, we report in K562 leukemia cell line that introduction of the hotspot K700E mutation in the gene SF3B1 using CRISPR/Cas9 method results in an increased frequency of multinucleated polyploid giant cells resistant to chemotherapeutic agent and serum starvation stress. These giant cells with higher ploidy are distinct from multinucleated megakaryocytes, are proliferative, and are characterized by increased accumulation of mitochondria. PGCC have been previously documented in solid tumors. This is the first report describing PGCCs in a cell line derived from a liquid cancer where increased frequency of PGCCs is linked to a specific genetic event. Since SF3B1 mutations are predominantly seen in MDS and other hematologic malignancies, our current findings will have significant clinical implications.
Optimized flow cytometric detection of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) in human hematological malignancies
Authors: Omari Sofia A. , Geraghty Dominic P. , Khalafallah Alhossain A. , Venkat Pooja , Shegog Yvette M. , Ragg Scott J. , de Bock Charles E. , Adams Murray J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ectopic overexpression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) has been detected in numerous solid cancers, including breast, prostate, pancreatic, and tongue epithelium cancer. However, the expression of TRPV1 in hematological malignancies remains unknown. Here we show through in silico analysis that elevated TRPV1 mRNA expression occurs in a range of hematological malignancies and presents an optimized flow cytometry method to rapidly assess TRPV1 protein expression for both cell lines and primary patient samples. Three anti-TRPV1 antibodies were evaluated for intracellular TRPV1 detection using flow cytometry resulting in an optimized protocol for the evaluation of TRPV1 in hematological malignant cell lines and patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Overexpression of TRPV1 was observed in THP-1 (acute monocytic leukemia) and U266B1 (multiple myeloma, MM), but not U937 (histiocytic lymphoma) compared to healthy PBMC. TRPV1 was also detected in all 49 patients including B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL), MM, and others and 20 healthy controls. TRPV1 expression was increased in 8% of patients (MM = 2, B-NHL = 2). In conclusion, we provide an optimized flow cytometry method for routine expression analysis of clinical samples and show that TRPV1 is increased in a subset of patients with hematological malignancies.
The Spanish adaptation of the relationship power inventory
Authors: Alonso-Ferres María , Serrano-Montilla Celia , Valor-Segura Inmaculada , Expósito Francisca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPower dynamics are fundamental when negotiating conflicts. However, no instrument for measuring power in romantic relationships has been adequately adapted to Spanish culture. The goal of this research was to adapt the Relationship Power Inventory (RPI; Farrell et al., 2015) to Spanish culture and language, filling this gap by providing a rigorous instrument for evaluating this construct. Study 1 was conducted to obtain evidence based on Spanish adaptation of RPI content. Once the Spanish adaptation of the RPI was built and we obtained validity evidence based on the test content, in Study 2, the scale was administered to two different samples of the adult population following a cross-validation approach. Specifically, in Sample 1 (N = 400), the training sample, a statistical analysis and an exploration of the dimensional structure and reliability of the measure were carried out. In Sample 2 (N = 755), the validation sample, the internal structure of the scale was confirmed, and evidence of external validity and generalization was obtained. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for the four-factor structure. These dimensions were invariant to gender and had adequate validity based on their relationship with other variables (dependence on the partner, conflict-resolution strategies, and psychological well-being). In sum, the Spanish version of the RPI (SARPI) is a reliable instrument with sufficient valid evidence to provide accurate measurement of power differences in the context of romantic relationships.
Critical equations with Hardy terms in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Pucci Patrizia , Temperini Letizia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the study of a critical (p, q) equation with Hardy terms on the Heisenberg group. Existence of entire solutions is obtained via an application of some concentration–compactness type results and the mountain pass theorem. Our results are presented in the model case of the (p, q) horizontal Laplacian equations, but the method can be extended to deal with a more general class of problems with operators of (p, q) growth.
Effect of In-Person Delivered Behavioural Interventions in People with Multimorbidity: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bricca Alessio , Jäger Madalina , Johnston Marie , Zangger Graziella , Harris Lasse K. , Midtgaard Julie , Skou Søren T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the effect of in-person delivered behavioural interventions in people with multimorbidity and which behaviour change techniques (BCTs), targeting lifestyle behaviours, are associated with better outcomes.

Methods
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL and screened reference list of reviews including people with multimorbidity, registries, and citation tracking of included studies. Meta-analyses using random-effects model to assess the effect of behavioural interventions and meta-regression analyses and effectiveness ratios to investigate the impact of mediators on effect estimates. Cochrane ‘Risk of Bias Tool’ 2.0 and the GRADE assessment to evaluate the overall quality of evidence.

Results
Fourteen studies involving 1,378 people. Behavioural interventions had little to no effect on physical activity (standardised mean difference 0.38, 95% CI −0.12–0.87) and the effect on weight loss was uncertain (BMI mean difference −0.17, 95% CI −1.1–0.83) at the end-treatment follow-up. Small improvements were seen in health-related quality of life (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.17–0.42) and physical function (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.12–0.73), and moderate improvements were seen for depression symptoms (SMD −0.70, 95% CI −0.97–0.42). Studies using the BCTs ‘action planning’ and ‘social support (practical)’ reported greater physical activity and weight loss.

Conclusions
Behavioural interventions targeting lifestyle behaviours may improve health-related quality of life and physical function, and reduce depression, whereas little to no effect was achieved on physical activity and weight loss in people with multimorbidity. However, the evidence for physical activity and weight loss were of low quality and the end-treatment benefits diminished over time.
Visual-LiDAR SLAM Based on Unsupervised Multi-channel Deep Neural Networks
Authors: An Yi , Shi Jin , Gu Dongbing , Liu Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, deep learning techniques have been applied to solve visual or light detection and ranging (LiDAR) simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problems. Supervised deep learning SLAM methods need ground truth data for training, but collecting such data is costly and labour-intensive. Unsupervised training strategies have been adopted by some visual or LiDAR SLAM methods. However, these methods only exploit the potential of single-sensor modalities, which do not take the complementary advantages of LiDAR and visual data. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised multi-channel visual-LiDAR SLAM method (MVL-SLAM) which can fuse visual and LiDAR data together. Our SLAM system consists of an unsupervised multi-channel visual-LiDAR odometry (MVLO) component, a deep learning–based loop closure detection component, and a 3D mapping component. The visual-LiDAR odometry component adopts a multi-channel recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN). Its input consists of front, left, and right view depth images generated from $$360^{\circ }$$

360
∘

3D LiDAR data and RGB images. We use the features from a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the loop closure detection component. Our SLAM method does not require ground truth data for training and can directly construct environmental 3D maps from the 3D mapping component. Experiments conducted on the KITTI odometry dataset have shown the rotation and translation errors are lower than some of the other unsupervised methods, including UnMono, SfmLearner, DeepSLAM, and UnDeepVO. Experimental results show that our methods have good performance. By fusing visual and LiDAR data, MVL-SLAM has higher accuracy and robustness of the pose estimation compared with other single-modal SLAM systems.
Late Holocene Vegetation and Environmental Changes of Coastal Lowlands in Northern Iran: Possible Role of Climate, Human Impact and Caspian Sea Level Fluctuations
Authors: Gu Fang , Alizadeh Kamaleddin , Behling Hermann 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoastal forests and wetlands play an important role in supporting biodiversity, protecting the hinterlands and shorelines from erosion and also contributing to carbon sequestration and freshwater storage. To reconstruct late Holocene vegetation and environmental dynamics in the coastal lowlands of northern Iran and to detect the possible role of climate, human and Caspian Sea level fluctuation on coastal ecosystems, multi-proxy analysis was applied on the sediment cores from the inland Eynak (EYK) lagoon and near coast Bibi Heybat (BBH) alder swamp. Results shows that in the last 170 years, strong reduction of alder forest occurred around Eynak lagoon, while an expansion occurred in the coastal area in the last 100 years. This indicates that human impact shifted from the near coast to elevated inland, which might be due to the raised water level from the Caspian Sea and the coastal area of BBH region was flooded by brackish water from the Caspian Sea, and was not so suitable for agriculture anymore. This study indicate that alder swamp extent is different between coastal and inland sites, suggesting that further studies of multiple records across the region are needed. Moreover, this study helps to distangle human impacts from wetland processes and thus will be an important contribution to effective climate mitigation and conservation strategies. This multi-proxy study presents important palynological records, which helps to understand past and future impacts of various drivers, such as climate, human impact and sea level changes on wetland ecosystems both regionally and globally.
Do the numbers add up? Questioning measurement that places Australian ECEC teaching as ‘low quality’
Authors: Thorpe Karen , Houen Sandy , Rankin Peter , Pattinson Cassandra , Staton Sally 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInternationally, standard observational measures of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) are used to assess the quality of provision. They are applied as research tools but, significantly, also guide policy decisions, distribution of resources and public opinion. Considerable faith is placed in such measures, yet their validity, reliability and functioning within context should all be considered in interpreting the findings they generate. We examine the case of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) in the Australian study, Effective Early Education for Children (E4Kids). Using this measure Australian educators were identified as “low quality” in provision of instruction (average 2.1 on a scale of 1–7). When these results became public, they attracted negative press coverage and the potential for harm. We interrogate these findings asking three questions relating to sampling, contextual and empirical evidence that define quality and measurement strategies. We conclude that measurement problems, most notably a floor effect, is the most likely explanation for uniformly low CLASS-Instructional scores among Australian ECEC educators, and indeed across international studies. Using a theoretically and empirically informed rescaling strategy we show that there is a diversity of instructional quality across Australian ECEC, and that rescaling might more effectively guide improvement strategies to target those of lowest quality. Beyond, our findings call for a more critical approach in interpretation of standard measures of ECEC quality and their applications in policy and practice, internationally.
Personalization in Australian K-12 classrooms: how might digital teaching and learning tools produce intangible consequences for teachers’ workplace conditions?
Authors: Arantes Janine Aldous 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent negotiations of ‘data’ in schools place focus on student assessment and NAPLAN. However, with the rise in artificial intelligence (AI) underpinning educational technology, there is a need to shift focus towards the value of teachers’ digital data. By doing so, the broader debate surrounding the implications of these technologies and rights within the classroom as a workplace becomes more apparent to practitioners and educational researchers. Drawing on the Australian Human Rights Commission’s Human Rights and Technology final report, this conceptual paper focusses on teachers’ rights alongside emerging technologies that use or provide predictive analytics or artificial intelligence, also called ‘personalisation’. The lens of Postdigital positionality guides the discussion. Three potential consequences are presented as provocations: (1) What might happen if emerging technology uses teachers’ digital data that represent current societal inequality? (2) What might happen if insights provided by such technology are inaccurate, insufficient, or unrepresentative of our teachers? (3) What might happen if the design of the AI system itself is discriminatory? This conceptual paper argues for increased discourse about technologies that use or provide predictive analytics complemented by considering potential consequences associated with algorithmic bias.
A Therapeutic Sheep in Metastatic Wolf’s Clothing: Trojan Horse Approach for Cancer Brain Metastases Treatment
Authors: Liu Hai-jun , Wang Mingming , Shi Shanshan , Hu Xiangxiang , Xu Peisheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly-stage brain metastasis of breast cancer (BMBC), due to the existence of an intact blood–brain barrier (BBB), is one of the deadliest neurologic complications. To improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for BMBC, a Trojan horse strategy-based nanocarrier has been developed by integrating the cell membrane of a brain-homing cancer cell and a polymeric drug depot. With the camouflage of a MDA-MB-231/Br cell membrane, doxorubicin-loaded poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (DOX-PLGA@CM) shows enhanced cellular uptake and boosted killing potency for MDA-MB-231/Br cells. Furthermore, DOX-PLGA@CM is equipped with naturally selected molecules for BBB penetration, as evidenced by its boosted capacity in entering the brain of both healthy and early-stage BMBC mouse models. Consequently, DOX-PLGA@CM effectively reaches the metastatic tumor lesions in the brain, slows down cancer progression, reduces tumor burden, and extends the survival time for the BMBC animal. Furthermore, the simplicity and easy scale-up of the design opens a new window for the treatment of BMBC and other brain metastatic cancers.
How Much Energy Storage can We Afford? On the Need for a Sunflower Society, Aligning Demand with Renewable Supply
Authors: Desing Harald , Widmer Rolf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe worsening climate crisis impels society to accelerate climate action. The attainable speed of the energy transition is ultimately limited by the available energy to build the replacing renewable infrastructures. Decarbonizing the energy system by replacing dispatchable fossil with variable renewable power requires energy storage to match supply with demand. Current storage technologies are energetically expensive to build and operate, thus the demand for storage shapes the fastest possible transition and the probability to exceed 1.5 °C heating. This study explores and quantifies the effect of demanded storage and its technological progress on the fastest possible transition constrained only by energy. The simulation results using three exemplary storage technologies show that storage substantially delays the transition and increases the probability to exceed 1.5 °C heating. Technological progress, if materialized fast, can reduce energy costs of storage; however, storage demand remains a critical driver for climate risks. Consequently, minimizing storage demand through a supply-driven power system effectively reduces climate risks—a paradigm shift towards a solar-aligned “sunflower society”.