bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Epstein-Barr Virus Status in Gastric Cancer Biopsy Specimens Using a Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Vuong Trinh Thi Le , Song Boram , Kwak Jin T. , Kim Kyungeun 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated gastric cancer (EBV-GC) is 1 of 4 molecular subtypes of GC and is confirmed by an expensive molecular test, EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. EBV-GC has 2 histologic characteristics, lymphoid stroma and lace-like tumor pattern, but projecting EBV-GC at biopsy is difficult even for experienced pathologists.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a deep learning algorithm to predict EBV status from pathology images of GC biopsy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis diagnostic study developed a deep learning classifier to predict EBV-GC using image patches of tissue microarray (TMA) and whole slide images (WSIs) of GC and applied it to GC biopsy specimens from GCs diagnosed at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital between 2011 and 2020. For a quantitative evaluation and EBV-GC prediction on biopsy specimens, the area of each class and the fraction in total tissue or tumor area were calculated. Data were analyzed from March 5, 2021, to February 10, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEvaluation metrics of predictive model performance were assessed on accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and κ coefficient.ResultsThis study included 137 184 image patches from 16 TMAs (708 tissue cores), 24 WSIs, and 286 biopsy images of GC. The classifier was able to classify EBV-GC image patches from TMAs and WSIs with 94.70% accuracy, 0.936 recall, 0.938 precision, 0.937 F1 score, and 0.909 κ coefficient. The classifier was used for predicting and measuring the area and fraction of EBV-GC on biopsy tissue specimens. A 10% cutoff value for the predicted fraction of EBV-GC to tissue (EBV-GC/tissue area) produced the best prediction results in EBV-GC biopsy specimens and showed the highest AUC value (0.8723; 95% CI, 0.7560-0.9501). That cutoff also obtained high sensitivity (0.895) and moderate specificity (0.745) compared with experienced pathologist sensitivity (0.842) and specificity (0.854) when using the presence of lymphoid stroma and a lace-like pattern as diagnostic criteria. On prediction maps, EBV-GCs with lace-like pattern and lymphoid stroma showed the same prediction results as EBV-GC, but cases lacking these histologic features revealed heterogeneous prediction results of EBV-GC and non–EBV-GC areas.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study showed the feasibility of EBV-GC prediction using a deep learning algorithm, even in biopsy samples. Use of such an image-based classifier before a confirmatory molecular test will reduce costs and tissue waste.
Phosphorus Vacancies and Heterojunction Interface as Effective Lithium‐Peroxide Promoter for Long‐Cycle Life Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Yang Tianlun , Xia Yongji , Mao Tianle , Ding Qingwei , Wang Zhenjia , Hong Zheyu , Han Jiajia , Peng Dong‐Liang , Yue Guanghui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn electrocatalyst with excellent performance is widely perceived as core materials to solve the practical application of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). Vacancy/interfacial engineering can affect reaction intermediate adsorption and catalytic activity by manipulating the local electronic structure, which is key to improving the performance of LOBs. Here, MoO2‐supported Mo3P@Mo nanocomposites with phosphorus vacancy and interfacial contact are facile synthesized and used as the electrocatalyst to control the morphology of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) and to boost the electrochemical performance of LOBs. The nanocomposites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with lower overpotential and super long cycling stability, can stably cycle for 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1 with a round‐trip efficiency close to 100%, and can work for 1370 h with failure at the lower cut‐off of 2 V. The influence of the interface and phosphorus vacancy, and the catalytic mechanism are explained by the result about first‐principles calculations and experimental studies.
Modulating Hydrogen Adsorption via Charge Transfer at the Semiconductor–Metal Heterointerface for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Ding Jie , Li Fuhua , Su Xiaozhi , Zhang Qitao , Guan Guangjian , Hu Fangxin , Zhang Jincheng , Wang Qilun , Jiang Yucheng , Liu Bin , Yang Hong Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDesigning and synthesizing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is important for realizing the hydrogen economy. Tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts is essential to achieve optimal HER activity, and interfacial engineering is an effective strategy to induce electron transfer in a heterostructure interface to optimize HER kinetics. In this study, ultrafine RhP2/Rh nanoparticles are synthesized with a well‐defined semiconductor–metal heterointerface embedded in N,P co‐doped graphene (RhP2/Rh@NPG) via a one‐step pyrolysis. RhP2/Rh@NPG exhibits outstanding HER performances under all pH conditions. Electrochemical characterization and first principles density functional theory calculations reveal that the RhP2/Rh heterointerface induces electron transfer from metallic Rh to semiconductive RhP2, which increases the electron density on the Rh atoms in RhP2 and weakens the hydrogen adsorption on RhP2, thereby accelerating the HER kinetics. Moreover, the interfacial electron transfer activates the dual‐site synergistic effect of Rh and P of RhP2 in neutral and alkaline environments, thereby promoting reorganization of interfacial water molecules for faster HER kinetics.
Enhancing Near Infrared II Emission of Gold Nanoclusters via Encapsulation in Small Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Haye Lucie , Diriwari P. Iyanu , Alhalabi Abdallah , Gallavardin Thibault , Combes Antoine , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Hildebrandt Niko , Le Guével Xavier , Reisch Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReduced scattering and autofluorescence in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) hold the promise of high‐resolution photoluminescence (PL) in vivo imaging at depths well beyond the µm scale. Yet, contrast agents with bright emission in this spectral region remain limited. Ultrasmall gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are of particular interest for NIR‐II PL imaging. However, they exhibit limited brightness. Here, high amounts of NIR‐II emitting AuNCs are encapsulated in small polymer nanoparticles (NPs) made of poly(ethyl methacrylates). Using nanoprecipitation, loadings of up to 50 wt% can be reached, corresponding to over 10 000 AuNCs per 60 nm NP. PL quantum yields up to 1.3% and NP brightnesses up to 3.8 × 106 M−1 cm−1 are accomplished. Increasing inter‐AuNC interactions at higher loading result in a bathochromic shift of the PL emission. According to time‐resolved PL measurements, this can be attributed to distinct inter‐AuNC energy transfer pathways between the core and surface‐centered PL modes. Evaluation of the nanohybrids in tissue‐mimicking models for in vivo blood vessel imaging shows that the ultrabright and red‐shifted NIR‐II PL results in significantly improved detection sensitivity and resolution, which makes AuNC‐loaded polymer NPs highly promising candidates for advanced in vivo imaging.
Tuning Halide Composition Allows Low Dark Current Perovskite Photodetectors With High Specific Detectivity
Authors: Furlan Francesco , Nodari Davide , Palladino Emanuele , Angela Edoardo , Mohan Lokeshwari , Briscoe Joe , Fuchter Matthew J. , Macdonald Thomas J. , Grancini Giulia , McLachlan Martyn A. , Gasparini Nicola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTuning halide composition in perovskites is a powerful approach demonstrated to enhance the performance of perovskite photovoltaic devices where such compositional modifications drive improvements in open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and a reduction in nonradiative voltage losses. Similarly, photodetectors (PDs) operate as light to current conversion devices hence it is relevant to investigate whether performance enhancements can be achieved by similar strategies. Herein, perovskite PDs are fabricated with an inverted photodiode configuration based on a MAPb(I1‐xBrx)3 perovskite (MA = methylammonium) active layer over the x = 0–0.25 composition range. Interestingly, it has been found that increasing the Br content up to 0.15 (15%) leads to a significant reduction in dark current (Jd), with values as low as 1.3 × 10−9 A cm−2 being achieved alongside a specific detectivity of 8.7 × 1012 Jones. Significantly, it has been observed an exponential relationship between the Jd of devices and their Voc over the 0–15% Br range. The superior performances of the 15% Br‐containing devices are attributed to the reduction of trap states, a better charge extraction of photogenerated carriers, and an improvement in photoactive layer morphology and crystallinity.
High Performance Solution Processed n‐Type OTFTs through Surface Engineered F–F Interactions Using Asymmetric Silicon Phthalocyanines
Authors: Cranston Rosemary R. , Vebber Mário C. , Faleiro Berbigier Jônatas , Brusso Jaclyn , Kelly Timothy L. , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo novel asymmetric silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) derivatives consisting of one axially substituted fluorine and one tri‐alkyl silane group are synthesized and characterized in n‐type solution processed bottom‐gate top‐contact organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). The effect of surface energy and fluorination are investigated at the dielectric/semiconductor interface by thin‐film X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, bright field real‐color microscopy, and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering to assess alterations in film conformation, microstructure, and morphology. Low surface energy dielectric modification and the presence of fluorine interactions produce films with large area crystalline domains that promote charge carrier transport resulting in high performing OTFTs, with a clear relationship determined between surface energy, fluorination, and OTFT operation. Through modifying deposition solvent and the exploitation of fluorine–fluorine interactions, the asymmetric SiPc derivative, (tri‐n‐hexylsilyl oxide) fluorosilicon phthalocyanine (F‐3HS‐SiPc), leads to high performing n‐type OTFTs with an average field‐effect mobility of 0.13 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a threshold voltage of 26.3 V. These results successfully demonstrate the use of asymmetric axial fluorination as a route to high performance n‐type OTFT devices through controlled self‐assembly by fluorine–fluorine interactions.
Rejuvenating Propylene Carbonate‐based Electrolyte Through Nonsolvating Interactions for Wide‐Temperature Li‐ions Batteries
Authors: Qin Mingsheng , Liu Mengchuang , Zeng Ziqi , Wu Qiang , Wu Yuanke , Zhang Han , Lei Sheng , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe advancements of lithium‐ion batteries indubitably call for advanced electrolytes with superior environmental adaptability and long‐term stability. Propylene carbonate (PC) proves to be a competitive solvent with the high permittivity and wide‐liquid range, while the application is intrinsically hindered by the poor graphite compatibility and high viscosity. Here, a PC‐based electrolyte with wide‐temperature range is developed by tuning the strength and topology of the Li+‐PC interactions via non‐solvating interactions without altering the solvation structure. Thus, the problem of graphite exfoliation caused by Li+‐PC co‐intercalation can be successfully mitigated. Consequently, such electrolyte shows compatibility with both graphite and high‐nickel cathode, exhibiting an expanded liquid range from −90 to 90 °C. This work, breaking from the traditional EC‐based formula, provides a new strategy for designing PC‐enabled electrolyte featuring high performance, wide‐temperature compatibility, and sustainability
An integrated system of a microreactor with a Taylor–Couette reactor for 2,2′‐dibenzothiazole disulfide synthesis
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Tang Tianyao , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn integrated microreaction system of a microreactor with a Taylor–Couette reactor (TCR) for continuous synthesis of 2,2′‐dibenzothiazole disulfide has been developed, so as to improve the process efficiency and the stability with solid product generation compared with the current batch process. The homogeneous oxidation with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid was applied. In the microreaction system, two feedstocks can be rapidly mixed through the microreactor; stable particle flow ability and high conversion can be achieved through the TCR, due to the flow characteristics of high shear stress and limited back‐mixing. Under the conditions of stable operation, the conversion can reach over 90%. The purity of the product is over 99%. The space–time yield can reach 160 g L−1 h−1, which is much higher than that in the batch reactor. The microreaction system is stable for long‐term running, which provides an effective design strategy for continuous flow processes with solid generation.
Minimally invasive biomarkers in human and non‐human primate evolutionary biology: Tools for understanding variation and adaptation
Authors: Urlacher Samuel S. , Kim Elizabeth Y. , Luan Tiffany , Young Lauren J. , Adjetey Brian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of minimally invasive biomarkers (MIBs – physiological biomarkers obtained from minimally invasive sample types) has expanded rapidly in science and medicine over the past several decades. The MIB approach is a methodological strength in the field of human and non‐human primate evolutionary biology (HEB). Among humans and our closest relatives, MIBs provide unique opportunities to document phenotypic variation and to operationalize evolutionary hypotheses.AimsThis paper overviews the use of MIBs in HEB. Our objectives are to (1) highlight key research topics which successfully implement MIBs, (2) identify promising yet under‐investigated areas of MIB application, and (3) discuss current challenges in MIB research, with suggestions for advancing the field.Discussion and ConclusionsA range of MIBs are used to investigate focal topics in HEB, including energetics and life history variation/evolution, developmental plasticity, and social status and dominance relationships. Nonetheless, we identify gaps in existing MIB research on traits such as physical growth and gut function that are central to the field. Several challenges remain for HEB research using MIBs, including the need for additional biomarkers and methods of assessment, robust validations, and approaches that are standardized across labs and research groups. Importantly, researchers must provide better support for adaptation and fitness effects in hypothesis testing (e.g., by obtaining complementary measures of energy expenditure, demonstrating redundancy of function, and performing lifetime/longitudinal analyses). We point to continued progress in the use of MIBs in HEB to better understand the past, present, and future of humans and our closest primate relatives.
Arterial and venous thromboembolism risk associated with blood eosinophils: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Wei‐Jie , Wang Shang , Yuan Ping , Wang Lan , Huang Jun‐Xia , Jiang Rong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe association between blood eosinophil (EOS) counts and arterial/venous thrombosis is unclear. We aim to explore whether EOS count is a risk factor for thrombosis. We searched several databases and preprint platforms using core terms ‘eosinophil’, ‘myocardial infarction’, ‘ischemic stroke’, and ‘venous thromboembolism’ (VTE), among others. Studies comparing the odds ratios (ORs) or risk ratios (RRs) of EOSs with the abovementioned diseases were eligible. Overall, 22 studies were included. A high EOS count was associated with acute coronary artery thrombosis events (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.15–1.32), short‐term cerebral infarction and mortality (RR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.49–5.51). The short‐term risk of VTE was more common in patients with EOS‐related diseases (RR: 6.52, 95% CI: 2.42–17.54). For coronary artery disease, a high EOS count was a protective factor against 6‐month to 1‐year mortality (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45–0.69) but was associated with long‐term mortality (RR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.25–2.14). Therefore, we conclude that for coronary artery thrombosis, EOS count is not associated with AMI events in general population. It may be associated with NSTEMI and STEMI in CAD patients, but more studies are needed to confirm this. In addition, EOS count is associated with an increased risk of both short‐ and long‐term mortality but is not predictive of the composite endpoints. For cerebral artery thrombosis, EOS count may be associated with cerebral infarction and could lead to an increased risk of poor short‐term prognosis. For VTEs, EOS count was a risk factor for some patients, especially those with acute‐phase EOS‐related diseases.
On the Localization Properties of Weyl Particles
Authors: Tsigaridas Georgios N. , Kechriniotis Aristides I. , Tsonos Christos A. , Delibasis Konstantinos K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, it is shown that Weyl particles can exist at different states in zero electromagnetic field, either as free particles or at localized states. In addition, it is shown that the localization, as well as the energy, of the particles can be fully controlled using simple electric fields, which can easily be realized in practice. These results are particularly important regarding possible practical applications of Weyl particles, both considering solid‐state physics in materials supporting these particles and laser physics using ions trapped by laser beams, which can simulate the behavior of Weyl particles.
Comparison of academic performance of medical undergraduate students between routine class room teaching and online assisted teaching in biochemistry during COVID pandemic
Authors: Tamilmani Kaliyaperumal , Anithasri Anbalagan , Gunavathi Gunaseelan , Premkumar Kavasampattu Shanmuganantham 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe new curriculum of competency based medical education (CBME) implemented for phase1 medical undergraduates could not go on to completion due to the sudden outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The educational institutions therefore resorted to online teaching modalities over conventional class room teachings. Hence this study aimed to compare the academic performance of students between routine classroom teaching and online assisted teaching with assignments.94 phase 1 MBBS students admitted in the year 2019–2020 was divided into low (<50%), medium (51%–70%) and high performers (71%–100%) based on the average marks in the initial formative assessments. Academic performance of students in three types of teaching modalities namely classroom teaching (CRT), classroom teaching with assignment (CRA), and online assisted teaching (OAT) were compared using ANOVA. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to find the difference in marks between CRT and CRA which was calculated as gain 1 and that between OAT and CRT is gain 2. Out of 94 students, 19 were low performers, 53 were medium performers and 22 were high performers when grouped at baseline. All these groups performed significantly well with OAT compared to CRT and CRA. The overall performance of girls was found to be significantly higher. There was no significant difference between Gain 1 and Gain 2. All group of students scored high in assessments following online teaching compared to conventional classroom teaching. The gain of online teaching did not outweigh the conventional teaching methods implying that face to face lectures is still an effective teaching modality.
Single‐Use Technology in the Biopharmaceutical Industry and Sustainability: A Contradiction?
Authors: Ottinger Melanie , Wenk Irina , Carvalho Pereira Joana , John Gernot , Junne Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle‐use technology has become important in biopharma processes since many years. Despite all the benefits, the generally rising concerns about single‐use material are hitting industrial bioproduction. The subgroup “Sustainability” of the DECHEMA workgroup “Single‐Use Technologies” aims to investigate any potential to quantify sustainability and identify points of concern or contradiction when applying single‐use material. This essay summarizes some facts about its utilization, past and current efforts to define, measure and increase sustainability and recommendations for potential actions.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: List Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractList erhielt bereits zahlreiche Preise und Auszeichnungen, darunter den 2003 Carl‐Duisberg‐Gedächtnispreis der GDCh, 2021 ‐gemeinsam mit David W.C. MacMillan, Universität Princeton, den Nobelpreis für Chemie und zuletzt den renommierten Herbert C. Brown Award 2022 der Amerihcan Chemical Society.
Aus Alt mach Neu
Authors: Seiter Michael , Löw Philipp 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDie Produktion biobasierter Polymere ist in den letzten Jahren deutlich professioneller und differenzierter geworden. Eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Hersteller und Anbieter kamen ins Spiel, um biobasierte Alternativen für praktisch jede Anwendung zu schaffen. Die Kapazitäten und die Produktion biobasierter Materialien werden weiter stark wachsen. Vorhersagen prognostizieren ein Wachstum des globalen Marktes von über 35 % innerhalb der Jahre 2020 bis 2025. Innovative Biopolymere treiben dieses Wachstum voran, allen voran biobasiertes Polypropylen und Polyhdroxyalkanoate.
Skalenübergreifende Prozessentwicklungsmethodik
Authors: Glanemann‐Heitkämper Carina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBesonders in der Fein‐ und Spezialchemie ist wegen ihrer kleinen Produktionsvolumina eine schnelle Reaktion auf Marktänderungen notwendig. Hier ist deshalb der Einsatz von modularen Bausteinen, sogenannten PEAs (Process Equipment Assembly), die als besonders flexibel gelten, von Vorteil.
Optimierung des Brennstoffeinsatzes
Authors: Kipshagen Franz‐Josef 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDie Energiewende und die aktuelle Energiekrise zwingen Unternehmen dazu, sich mit alternativen Energien zu befassen auseinanderzusetzen, um unabhängiger von den klassischen Brennstoffen Erdgas, öl sowie Braun‐ und Steinkohle zu werden. Beispielsweise kann die Nutzung von Reststoffen im jeweiligen Betrieb möglich sein. Mit der nachfolgenden Checkliste lässt sich abschätzen, ob ein Ausbau der Anlage infrage kommt und sich wirtschaftlich rentiert.
PROTOCOL: Effects of guaranteed basic income interventions on poverty‐related outcomes in high‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Rizvi Anita , Welch Vivian , Gibson Marcia , Labelle Patrick R. , Pollard Christina , Wells George A. , Kristjansson Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: to appraise and synthesize the available quantitative evidence on GBI interventions in high‐income countries, for the purpose of comparing the relative effectiveness of specific forms of GBI for alleviating poverty.