bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of UK clinicians’ approaches to decision making in neonatal intestinal failure
Authors: Cairns Pamela , Ives Jonathan , Deans Zuzana 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundOutcomes for neonatal intestinal failure (IF) have improved significantly over the past two decades, however, there is no consensus for decision making among UK paediatric subspecialists.ObjectivesThe aim was to describe clinician’s attitudes to decision making in neonatal IF and examine variation between subspecialties.MethodsNeonatologists, paediatric surgeons and gastroenterologists were surveyed electronically. They were asked if they would recommend active or palliative care or allow the parents to decide in several scenarios; or if they considered treatment morally obligatory or impermissible.ResultsOf 147 respondents, 81% of gastroenterologists would recommend active care (34.6% regardless of parental decision) for a term infant with total gut Hirschsprung’s compared with 46% and 33% of surgeons and neonatologists. No gastroenterologist would recommend palliation while 23% of both neonatologists and surgeons would. Similarly, 77% of surgeons and 73% of neonatologists would recommend palliation for a 28-week infant with IF and bilateral parenchymal haemorrhages compared with 27% of gastroenterologists.Prognostic estimates also varied. A term baby with IF was estimated to have a survival of >80% at 5 years by 58% of gastroenterologists compared with 11.5% and 2.7% of surgeons and neonatologists. Only 11.5% of surgeons and 2.6% of neonatologist believed a 26-week preterm with IF would have a 5-year survival >60% compared with 59% of gastroenterologists.ConclusionThere is substantial variation in views about outcomes and management choices both within and between specialties; with gastroenterologists being consistently more positive. This is likely to lead to unjustified variation in counselling and parental choices.
Biological ageing and the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Li , Yin Xingzhu , Zhao Ying , Chen Huimin , Tan Tianqi , Yao Ping , Tang Yuhan 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe aetiology of diabetes is complex with limited treatment strategies. Growing animal studies have shown that targeted antiageing can improve the outcomes of diabetes. However, population evidence is limited. This study aims to evaluate the associations of biological ageing with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with diabetes.MethodsA total of 5278 people with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2014 were included. Biological ageing was measured from different perspectives, including phenotypic age, biological age, telomere length and klotho concentration. Phenotypic/biological age acceleration was the residual resulting from a linear model when regressing phenotypic/biological age on chronological age. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationships between ageing and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality.ResultsOver median follow-up for 7.3 years, 1355 diabetics died. There was a positive and linear association of mortality with phenotypic age acceleration (HRall-cause1.04; HRCVD1.04; HRcancer1.04, p<0.001) and biological age acceleration (HRall-cause1.03; HRCVD1.04; HRcancer1.03, p<0.001). Telomere length was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (tertile (T)3 vs T1: HR 0.67, p<0.05). The concentration of klotho had a U-shaped relationship with mortality (T2 vs T1: HRall-cause0.62; HRCVD0.48; HRcancer0.47, p<0.05). Further, stratified analysis by age and sex found that the associations of ageing-related markers with mortality were more significant in the aged and female subgroup.ConclusionsBiological ageing was positively associated with mortality among people with diabetes, indicating therapies targeting antiageing could be encouraged to halt the progression of diabetes.
Industry-specific prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among Pennsylvania workers, 2007–2018
Authors: Tsai Rebecca J , Lu John W , Henn Scott A , Hasanali Stephanie H , Harduar-Morano Laurel , Nair Anil 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo use industry-specific denominators to more accurately examine trends in prevalence rates for occupational cases of elevated blood lead levels (eBLLs) in Pennsylvania.MethodsWe used adult (aged ≥16 years) blood lead level data from Pennsylvania (2007–2018) and industry-specific denominator data from the US Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns to calculate prevalence rates for eBLLs, defined as ≥25 µg/dL.ResultsOf the 19 904 cases with eBLLs, 92% were due to occupational lead exposure, with 83% from workers in the battery manufacturing industry. In 2018, the prevalence rate of eBLLs for battery manufacturing (8036.4 cases per 100 000 employed battery manufacturing workers) was 543 times the overall Pennsylvania prevalence rate. The prevalence rate for battery manufacturing steeply declined 71% from 2007 to 2018.ConclusionsThe battery manufacturing industry had the highest burden of occupational lead exposure in Pennsylvania, illustrating the importance of using industry-specific denominators to accurately identify sources of lead exposure. Although the prevalence rate of eBLLs declined over time, lead exposure remains a major concern among battery manufacturing workers.
Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters of Prostate Cancer Patients after Diagnosis and Treatment with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Gu Peng 
Published: June 2022

This research was aimed at exploring the changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Sixty PCa patients from the hospital were recruited as the research object, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) scans were performed to determine the shape, scope, and enhancement characteristics of prostate lesions and their relationship with surrounding tissues. The quantitative parameters of ADC and DCE-MRI were measured. There were 4 patients (6.67%) with a Gleason score of 6 and 15 patients (25%) with a

4
+
3

score. The ADC with

Gleason
=
6

is

0.81
±
0.08
×

10

−
3

s
/
m

m

2

, the ADC with

Gleason
=
3
+
4

is

0.74
±
0.07
×

10

−
3

s
/
m

m

2

, the ADC with

Gleason
=
4
+
3

is

0.73
±
0.05
×

10

−
3

s
/
m

m

2

, the ADC with

Gleason
=
9

is

0.65
±
0.06
×

10

−
3

s
/
m

m

2

, and the ADC with

Gleason
=
10

is

0.59
±
0.07
×

10

−
3

s
/
m

m

2

. As the Gleason score increased, the ADC decreased and the permeation parameter transfer constant increased. When the ADC was combined with the permeability parameter transfer constant, the AUC of

Gleason
=
6

points and

Gleason
=
7

points was greatly different (

P
<
0.05

). The 95% CI of the ADC combined permeability parameter transport constant when

Gleason
=
6

points and

Gleason
=
7

points was 0.898-0.934, the sensitivity was 75.4%, and the specificity was 86.2%. The ADC value was negatively correlated with Gleason score. The ADC value combined with VTC value has good diagnostic performance in evaluating the invasion of PCa, which is very important for making treatment plan and evaluating prognosis.
Bimodal SWCC and Bimodal PSD of Soils with Dual-Porosity Structure
Authors: Guo-Quan Ding , Xia Bian , Jun-Ping Yuan , Jun-Gao Zhu 
Published: June 2022

The soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and pore-size distribution (PSD) are fundamental characteristics of soils that determine many physical and mechanical properties. Recent studies demonstrate that both SWCC and PSD sometimes exhibit a bimodal feature. In this paper, soils with bimodal SWCCs are mainly divided into three categories: gap-graded soils, compacted clayey soils, and natural dual-porosity structural soils, from the perspective of microporosity structure. Based on the Fredlund and Xing unimodal SWCC equation, a bimodal SWCC equation is presented. The bimodal PSD equation

d
v

/

d
log

r

for mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) is derived theoretically, according to the relationship between the mercury intrusion process in MIP and the water desorption process along the drying SWCC. These two associated equations have the same set of parameters, so the corresponding relationship between the bimodal SWCC and bimodal PSD can be directly shown. Three main presenting forms of PSD in MIP tests are summarized. Regression analysis results show that the proposed PSD equation can well fit bimodal PSD experimental data of various soils in the literature, and the SWCCs are predicted at the same time.
Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Diagnose Knee Osteoarthritis under Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zheng Zhiyan , He Ruixuan , Lin Cuijun , Huang Chunyu 
Published: June 2022

This work aimed to investigate the application value of the multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) algorithm based on the low-rank decomposition denoising (LRDD) in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), so as to offer a better examination method in the clinic. Seventy-eight patients with KOA were selected as the research objects, and they all underwent T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), fat suppression T2WI (SE-T2WI), and fat saturation T2WI (FS-T2WI). All obtained images were processed by using the I-LRDD algorithm. According to the degree of articular cartilage lesions under arthroscopy, the patients were divided into a group I, a group II, a group III, and a group IV. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and consistency of KOA diagnosis of T1WI, T2WI, SE-T2WI, and FS-T2WI were analyzed by referring to the results of arthroscopy. The results showed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) of the I-LRDD algorithm used in this work were higher than those of image block priori denoising (IBPD) and LRDD, and the time consumption was lower than that of IBDP and LRDD (

p

< 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and consistency (Kappa value) of multimodal MRI in the diagnosis of KOA were 88.61%, 85.3%, 87.37%, and 0.73%, respectively, which were higher than those of T1WI, T2WI, SE-T2WI, and FS-T2WI. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and consistency of multimodal MRI in diagnosing lesions in group IV were 95%, 96.10%, 95.88%, and 0.70%, respectively, which were much higher than those in groups I, II, and III (

p

< 0.05). In conclusion, the LRDD algorithm shows a good image processing efficacy, and the multimodal MRI showed a good diagnosis effect on KOA, which was worthy of promotion clinically.
Myocardium Assessment by Relaxation along Fictitious Field, Extracellular Volume, Feature Tracking, and Myocardial Strain in Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Mirmojarabian Seyed Amir , Lammentausta Eveliina , Liukkonen Esa , Ahvenjärvi Lauri , Junttila Juhani , Nieminen Miika T. , Liimatainen Timo 
Published: June 2022

Background. Previous research has shown impaired global longitudinal strain (GLS) and slightly elevated extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (HTN LVH). Up to now, only little attention has been paid to interactions between macromolecules and free water in hypertrophied myocardium. Purpose. To evaluate the feasibility of relaxation along a fictitious field with rank 2 (RAFF2) in HTN LVH patients. Study Type. Single institutional case control. Subjects. 9 HTN LVH (age,

69
±
10

years) and 11 control subjects (age,

54
±
12

years). Field Strength/Sequence. Relaxation time mapping (

T

1

,

T

1
ρ

, and

T

RAFF
2

with 11.8 μT maximum radio frequency field amplitude) was performed at 1.5 T using a Siemens Aera (Erlangen, Germany) scanner equipped with an 18-channel body array coil. Assessment. ECV was calculated using pre- and postcontrast

T

1

, and global strains parameters were assessed by Segment CMR (Medviso AB Co, Sweden). The parametric maps of

T

1
ρ

and

T

RAFF
2

were computed using a monoexponential model, while the Bloch-McConnell equations were solved numerically to model effect of the chemical exchange during radio frequency pulses. Statistical Tests. Parametric maps were averaged over myocardium for each subject to be used in statistical analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used as the normality test followed by Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation to determine the difference between the HTN LVH patients and controls along with Hedges’

g

effect size and the association between variables, respectively. Results.

T

RAFF
2

decreased statistically

83
±
2

ms

vs

88
±
6

ms
,
P
<
0.031

, and global longitudinal strain was impaired (GLS,

−
14
±
3

vs
−
18
±
2
,
P
<
0.002

) in HTN LVH patients compared to the controls, respectively. Also, significant negative correlation was found between

T

RAFF
2

and GLS

r
=

−

0.53
,
P
<
0.05

. Data Conclusion. Our results suggest that

T

RAFF
2

decrease in HTN LVH patients may be explained by gradual collagen accumulation which can be reflected in GLS changes. Most likely, it increases the water proton interactions and consequently decreases

T

RAFF
2

before myocardial scarring.
The Intervention Probability Curve: Modeling the Practical Application of Threshold-Guided Decision-Making, Evaluated in Lung, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Kammer Michael N. , Rowe Dianna J. , Deppen Stephen A. , Grogan Eric L. , Kaizer Alexander M. , Barón Anna E. , Maldonado Fabien 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
Diagnostic prediction models are useful guides when considering lesions suspicious for cancer, as they provide a quantitative estimate of the probability that a lesion is malignant. However, the decision to intervene ultimately rests on patient and physician preferences. The appropriate intervention in many clinical situations is typically defined by clinically relevant, actionable subgroups based upon the probability of malignancy. However, the “all-or-nothing” approach of threshold-based decisions is in practice incorrect.

Methods:
Here, we present a novel approach to understanding clinical decision-making, the intervention probability curve (IPC). The IPC models the likelihood that an intervention will be chosen as a continuous function of the probability of disease. We propose the cumulative distribution function as a suitable model. The IPC is explored using the National Lung Screening Trial and the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Screening Trial datasets.

Results:
Fitting the IPC results in a continuous curve as a function of pretest probability of cancer with high correlation (R2 &gt; 0.97 for each) with fitted parameters closely aligned with professional society guidelines.

Conclusions:
The IPC allows analysis of intervention decisions in a continuous, rather than threshold-based, approach to further understand the role of biomarkers and risk models in clinical practice.

Impact:
We propose that consideration of IPCs will yield significant insights into the practical relevance of threshold-based management strategies and could provide a novel method to estimate the actual clinical utility of novel biomarkers.
Tumor Immune Microenvironment Changes by Multiplex Immunofluorescence Staining in a Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Talazoparib for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients with a Hereditary BRCA Mutation
Authors: Kumar Tapsi , Hobbs Evie , Yang Fei , Chang Jeffrey T. , Contreras Alejandro , Cuentas Edwin Roger Parra , Garber Haven , Lee Sanghoon , Lu Yiling , Scoggins Marion E. , Adrada Beatriz E. , Whitman Gary J. , Arun Banu K. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Litton Jennifer K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The immunological profile of early-stage breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant PARP inhibitors has not been described. The aim of this study was to delineate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) induced by talazoparib.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with operable germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant (gBRCA1/2+) breast cancer were enrolled in a feasibility study of neoadjuvant talazoparib. Thirteen patients who received 8 weeks of neoadjuvant talazoparib were available for analysis, including 11 paired pre- and post-talazoparib core biopsies. Treatment-related changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were examined and immune cell phenotypes and their spatial distribution in the TiME were identified and quantified by multiplex immunofluorescence using a panel of 6 biomarkers (CD3, CD8, CD68, PD-1, PD-L1, and CK).

Results:
Neoadjuvant talazoparib significantly increased infiltrating intratumoral and stromal T-cell and cytotoxic T-cell density. There was no difference in PD-1 or PD-L1 immune cell phenotypes in the pre- and post-talazoparib specimens and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was rare in this cohort. Spatial analysis demonstrated that pre-talazoparib interactions between macrophages and T cells may correlate with pathologic complete response.

Conclusions:
This is the first study with phenotyping to characterize the immune response to neoadjuvant talazoparib in patients with gBRCA1/2+ breast cancer. These findings support an emerging role for PARP inhibitors in enhancing tumor immunogenicity. Further investigation of combinatorial strategies is warranted with agents that exploit the immunomodulatory effects of PARP inhibitors on the TiME.
Classification of BRCA2 Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS) Using an ACMG/AMP Model Incorporating a Homology-Directed Repair (HDR) Functional Assay
Authors: Hu Chunling , Susswein Lisa R. , Roberts Maegan E. , Yang Hana , Marshall Megan L. , Hiraki Susan , Berkofsky-Fessler Windy , Gupta Sounak , Shen Wei , Dunn Carolyn A. , Huang Huaizhi , Na Jie , Domchek Susan M. , Yadav Siddhartha , Monteiro Alvaro N.A. , Polley Eric C. , Hart Steven N. , Hruska Kathleen S. , Couch Fergus J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The identification of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes by hereditary cancer testing poses great challenges for the clinical management of variant carriers. The ACMG/AMP (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology) variant classification framework, which incorporates multiple sources of evidence, has the potential to establish the clinical relevance of many VUS. We sought to classify the clinical relevance of 133 single-nucleotide substitution variants encoding missense variants in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of BRCA2 by incorporating results from a validated functional assay into an ACMG/AMP-variant classification model from a hereditary cancer–testing laboratory.

Experimental Design:
The 133 selected VUS were evaluated using a validated homology-directed double-strand DNA break repair (HDR) functional assay. Results were combined with clinical and genetic data from variant carriers in a rules-based variant classification model for BRCA2.

Results:
Of 133 missense variants, 44 were designated as non-functional and 89 were designated as functional in the HDR assay. When combined with genetic and clinical information from a single diagnostic laboratory in an ACMG/AMP-variant classification framework, 66 variants previously classified by the diagnostic laboratory were correctly classified, and 62 of 67 VUS (92.5%) were reclassified as likely pathogenic (n = 22) or likely benign (n = 40). In total, 44 variants were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 84 as benign/likely benign, and 5 remained as VUS.

Conclusions:
Incorporation of HDR functional analysis into an ACMG/AMP framework model substantially improves BRCA2 VUS re-classification and provides an important tool for determining the clinical relevance of individual BRCA2 VUS.
Estimating Who Benefits from Productivity Growth: Local and Distant Effects of City Productivity Growth on Wages, Rents, and Inequality
Authors: Hornbeck Richard , Moretti Enrico 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We first estimate the direct effects on local workers’ earnings and housing costs from increases in local labor demand caused by gains in city-level manufacturing productivity. We find that local workers benefit from productivity growth, even after subtracting increases in housing costs. These gains are larger for local less educated workers, such that productivity growth reduces local inequality. We then propose and implement a new transparent method of estimating indirect effects of local productivity growth on earnings and housing costs of workers in other cities. We find that these general equilibrium effects are economically important and disproportionately benefit college-educated workers.
Discrimination, Migration, and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from World War I
Authors: Ferrara Andreas , Fishback Price 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the individual and aggregate costs of ethnic discrimination. Studying Germans in the United States during World War I, an event that abruptly downgraded their previously high social standing, we show that anti-German sentiment was strongly associated with counties’ casualties in the war, leading to subsequent outmigration of Germans. Such relocation to evade discrimination was costly for German workers. However, counties with larger outflows of Germans, who tended to be well-trained manufacturing workers, incurred economic costs too, including a drop in average annual manufacturing wages of 0.6% to 2.2%. This effect lasted at least until 1930.
Endoscopic Management of Recurrent Maxillary Sinus Ameloblastoma in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Jing-Jing , Liu Zeng-Ping , Xu Chen-Yang , Zhang Xue-Ling , Liu Xiao-Wen , Wang Ju-Yuan , Guo Yu-Fen 
Published: June 2022

Ameloblastomas are slow-growing, aggressive odontogenic epithelial tumors that originate from the jawbone. One of the most easily relapsing maxillofacial tumors, ameloblastomas mainly occur in the mandibular molar area and ascending branch, although they can occasionally occur in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A 14-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder underwent sinus computed tomography (CT) under anesthesia. A swollen tumor had grown in the left maxillary sinus, and the bone of the maxillary sinus was damaged. Nine months after the first operation, recurrence was observed in the left maxillary sinus. The pathological diagnosis was ameloblastoma. Due to the child’s inability to communicate and cooperate with the treatment normally, he underwent endoscopic surgery again combined with low-temperature plasma treatment. No tumor recurrence was found on reexamination 6 months after surgery.