bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antikoagulation bei linksatrialer Katheterablation
Authors: Zink Matthias D. , Häusler Karl Georg , Schotten Ulrich , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie linksatriale Katheterablation ist eine etablierte rhythmuserhaltenden Behandlung bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und anderen supraventikulären Rhythmusstörungen. Es verdichten sich Hinweise, dass eine rhythmuserhaltende Therapie zusätzlich zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und Linderung von vorhofflimmerassozierten Symptomen kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse wie etwa ischämische Schlaganfälle verhindern und zum Erhalt der kognitiven Funktion beitragen kann. Allerdings finden sich bei etwa einem Viertel der Patienten nach linksatrialer Vorhofflimmerablation mittels Kernspintomografie klinisch stumme akute zerebrale Ischämien und etwa 0,2–0,3 % aller abladierten Patienten erleiden periinterventionell eine zerebrale Ischämie mit manifesten neurologischen Defiziten. Eine optimale Antikoagulation zur Prävention thrombembolischer Ereignisse im Zuge einer linksatrialen Katheterablationen ist daher ein zentraler Bestandteil in einem ganzheitlichen Therapiekonzept. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Artikels soll die Datenlage und insbesondere die Ergebnisse der vom AFNET koordinierten AXAFA-AFNET-5-Studie vorgestellt werden.
Orale Antikoagulation bei Vorhofflimmern und stark eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Breithardt Günter 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVorhofflimmern ist die häufigste Herzrhythmusstörung. Weltweit ist die Prävalenz steigend und mit Komorbiditäten wie Niereninsuffizienz verbunden. Zur Prävention von Schlaganfällen sind Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) und Nicht-VKA orale Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) in nierenadaptierter Dosis nur bis zu einer Nierenfunktion mit einer glomerulären Filtrationsrate bis 15 mL/min verfügbar. Unterhalb dieser Nierenfunktion sowie für Patienten mit chronischer Hämodialyse gibt es keine hinreichende Evidenz für oder wider einer OAK. Große Observationsstudien aus den USA und skandinavischen Ländern zeigen Hinweise für ein erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko ohne signifikante Verbesserung von Mortalität oder Schlaganfällen. Die randomisierte kontrollierte VALKYRIE-Studie zeigte eine deutliche Überlegenheit von 10 mg Rivaroxaban (NOAK) im Vergleich zu VKA zur Prävention kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse bei Patienten mit VHF und chronischer Dialyse. Die randomisiert-kontrollierte AXADIA-AFNET-7-Studie vergleicht 2,5 mg Apixaban (NOAK) 2-mal täglich mit VKA in VHF-Patienten mit Dialyse und wird Mitte 2022 abgeschlossen sein. Dadurch werden wichtige neue Erkenntnisse in diesem sensiblen Bereich gewonnen.
Entzündlich-rheumatische Gelenkerkrankungen und funktionelle Syndrome der oberen Thoraxapertur
Authors: Emmerich Jan 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der rheumatologischen Praxis stellen sich regelmäßig Patienten wegen Schwellungsgefühlen der Hände und Morgensteifigkeit zum Ausschluss einer rheumatoiden Arthritis vor, bei denen eine Arthritis nicht oder nicht sicher nachweisbar ist. Andere Patienten mit der Diagnose einer rheumatoiden Arthritis werden unter eigentlich suffizienter medikamentöser Entzündungshemmung nicht vollständig beschwerdefrei. In diesen Fällen werden die Symptome häufig durch eine komplexe manualmedizinische Funktionsstörung im Bereich der oberen Thorxapertur und des Schultergürtels verursacht – das Syndrom der oberen Thoraxapertur (SOT). Die Kenntnis und fachgerechte Behandlung dieses Syndroms kann dazu beitragen, Beschwerden zu lindern, Fehldiagnosen oder eine inadäquate Steigerung der immunsuppressiven Therapie zu vermeiden.
Lyme-Arthritis
Authors: Morbach Henner , Holl-Wieden Annette , Dirks Johannes , Forster Johannes , Liese Johannes 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Lyme-Arthritis ist die häufigste Spätmanifestation einer Infektion durch Borrelia burgdorferi und manifestiert sich meist als mono- oder oligoartikuläre Arthritis. Serologisch ist sie durch positive IgG-Antikörper und in der Regel negative IgM-Antikörper gegen Borrelien gekennzeichnet. Das Ansprechen auf eine initiale antibiotische Therapie (Doxycyclin oder Amoxicillin) ist in der Regel gut mit Ansprechraten von 80–90 %. Bei etwa 10 % der Patienten entwickelt sich trotz erneuter antibiotischer Therapie eine persistierende Arthritis. Bei diesem postinfektiösen („Antibiotika-refraktären“) Verlauf stehen immunopathologische Mechanismen im Vordergrund. Eine Persistenz nicht lebender Borrelienbestandteile (Peptidoglykane) scheint hierbei die Entzündung zu unterhalten. Entzündungshemmende bzw. immunmodulatorische Therapien können den postinfektiösen Verlauf der Lyme-Arthritis verkürzen. Als weitere Therapieoption kann bei refraktären Verläufen eine arthroskopische Synovektomie erwogen werden.
Point-of-Care Assessment of Direct Oral Anticoagulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Sedghi Annahita , Heubner Lars , Klimova Anna , Tiebel Oliver , Pietsch Jörg , Mirus Martin , Barlinn Kristian , Minx Tabea , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Puetz Volker , Spieth Peter , Siepmann Timo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Treatment of ischemic stroke with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) must be delivered within a narrow time window after symptom onset. This effective hyperacute treatment can be administered after ruling out active anticoagulation with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Whenever this is impractical, e.g., due to aphasia, plasmatic DOAC levels are measured with a consequent delay in the IVT decision-making process ranging from 30 to 60 minutes of time. This study will test the hypothesis that hyperacute point-of-care assessment of clotting time in the patient's whole blood has sufficient diagnostic accuracy to determine immediately whether stroke patients are pretreated with DOAC.
Methods and Design This will be a prospective single-center diagnostic accuracy study in 1,850 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients at a tertiary stroke center in Saxony, Germany. Presence of active anticoagulation with DOAC will be determined by point-of-care quantification of clotting time via whole blood viscoelastic testing (ClotPro) using Russell venom viper and ecarin assay compared with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as the reference standard.
Discussion Viscoelastic point-of-care assessment of clotting time in whole blood might improve swift delivery of time-sensitive hyperacute treatment with IVT in stroke patients.
Digital single-operator pancreatoscopy for the treatment of symptomatic pancreatic duct stones: a prospective multicenter cohort trial
Authors: Gerges Christian , Albers David , Schmitz Lukas , Goni Elisabetta , Cappello Annalisa , Schirra Jörg , Casper Markus , Dormann Arno J. , Hartmann Dirk , Hollenbach Marcus , Schneider Markus , Denzer Ulrike W. , Dechene Alexander , Dollhopf Markus , Mayerle Julia , Schumacher Brigitte , van Geenen Erwin-Jan M. , Neuhaus Horst , Siersema Peter D. , Ellrichmann Mark , Beyna Torsten ,   on behalf of the German Cholangioscopy Group
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Digital single-operator pancreatoscopy (DSOP)-guided lithotripsy is a novel treatment modality for pancreatic endotherapy, with demonstrated technical success in retrospective series of between 88 % and 100 %. The aim of this prospective multicenter trial was to systematically evaluate DSOP in patients with chronic pancreatitis and symptomatic pancreatic duct stones.
Methods Patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis and three or fewer stones ≥ 5mm
in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) of the pancreatic head or body were included. The primary end point was complete stone clearance (CSC) in three or fewer treatment sessions with DSOP. Current guidelines recommend extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for MPD stones > 5 mm. A performance goal was developed to show that the CSC rate of MPD stones using DSOP was above what has been previously reported for ESWL. Secondary end points were pain relief measured with the Izbicki pain score (IPS), number of interventions, and serious adverse events (SAEs).
Results 40 chronic pancreatitis patients were included. CSC was achieved in 90 % of patients (36/40) on intention-to-treat analysis, after a mean (SD) of 1.36 (0.64) interventions (53 procedures in total). The mean (SD) baseline IPS decreased from 55.3 (46.2) to 10.9 (18.3). Overall pain relief was achieved in 82.4 % (28/34) after 6 months of follow-up, with complete pain relief in 61.8 % (21/34) and partial pain relief in 20.6 % (7/34). SAEs occurred in 12.5 % of patients (5/40), with all treated conservatively.
Conclusion DSOP-guided endotherapy is effective and safe for the treatment of symptomatic MPD stones in highly selected patients with chronic pancreatitis. It significantly reduces pain and could be considered as an alternative to standard ERCP techniques for MPD stone treatment in these patients.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Self-Ratings of Language in Adults with Aphasia and Non-Brain Injured Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Arnett Sarah , Mozeiko Jennifer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRating scales are frequently used in research and clinical practice with people with aphasia (PWA) to characterize communication in the home environment. However, it remains unclear whether responses provided on rating scales accurately reflect the communication that occurs. We aim to evaluate the accuracy of PWA's self-perceptions of verbal language use as measured by a rating scale and determine whether this accuracy is different from that of non–brain-injured (NBI) participants. Four PWA and four NBI participants completed a rating scale estimating their amount of verbal language production as compared with their communication partner. Audio recordings from participants' home environments were analyzed for proportion of words and conversational turns contributed by the participant, which were compared with rating scale estimates. Perceptions of verbal language output among both PWA and NBI participants showed variable accuracy, with discrepancies between estimates and objective data across both groups. The reliability of rating scales in quantifying language output appears questionable, suggesting they may not accurately represent naturalistic language environments of PWA. Additional research with larger sample sizes is warranted to investigate whether this trend is consistent across a larger population of individuals with aphasia.
Scaling digital solutions for wicked problems: Ecosystem versatility
Authors: Tatarinov Katherine , Ambos Tina C. , Tschang Feichin Ted 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDigital solutions are increasingly used to address “wicked problems” that are locally embedded but require global approaches. Scaling these solutions internationally is imperative for their success, but to date we know little about this process. Using a qualitative case study methodology, our paper analyzes how four digital solutions driven by the United Nations are built and how they scale internationally. These solutions address wicked problems through artificial intelligence, blockchain, and geospatial mapping, and are embedded in networks of partners which evolve during scaling to create unique ecosystem roles and configurations. We identify different ecosystem roles and find that the specific properties of digital solutions – modularity, generativity and affordances – enable either adaptation or replication during scaling. Building on these insights, we derive a typology of four different types of international scaling, which vary in their ecosystem versatility (how the ecosystem changes across locations) and the local adaptation of the application (the problems the solution addresses). This study presents a new way to examine the replication and adaptation dilemma for ecosystems and extends internationalization theory to the digital world.
Citizen Social Science in Germany—cooperation beyond invited and uninvited participation
Authors: Göbel Claudia , Mauermeister Sylvi , Henke Justus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article presents an overview of characteristics of Citizen Social Science (CSS) in Germany. CSS is defined as scientific research in the humanities and social sciences, carried out in cooperation between professional and non-professional researchers. The study draws on an online survey and semi-structured interviews with project coordinators and co-researchers. It finds that participatory research activities in the humanities and social sciences are very diverse in their disciplinary traditions and organisational settings. Key features of CSS activities initiated inside as well as outside academic institutions are analysed to understand patterns of participation and cooperation. The results show that CSS activities are frequently realised in heterogeneous consortia of academic and non-academic partners. These consortia influence interactions between professional and non-professional researchers. To investigate these observations further, the article extends the analytical gaze from participation of individual volunteers to various forms of cooperation in consortia. This shift in attention brings to sight additional actors and activities that are usually not, or only marginally, considered in discussions about C(S)S. Staff of civil society organisations, municipalities, schools or cross-sectoral initiatives as well as university students are involved in making CSS work. In addition to research tasks, CSS rests on science communication, project management and intermediation activities. This extended perspective captures more diverse constellations of knowledge production in participatory research in the social sciences and humanities than the common focus on participation. In this way, the article aims to lay the groundwork for understanding the functioning of CSS beyond aspects described by the concept of invited and uninvited participation. It shows that CSS activities are not limited to capacitating lay people for participation in science. A more adequate description is that such projects are concerned with facilitating cooperation with co-researchers and other partners in consortia inside and outside of academia. On this basis, the article introduces the notion of cooperation capacity as a heuristic device to propose new prompts for research on CSS as well as for supporting CSS practice.
Thermo-reliability of PVD Cr/Au on sapphire substrates for high-temperature sensors
Authors: Qi Yue , Wang Junqiang , Zhu Zehua , Li Mengwei 
Published: June 2022

Thermo-reliability of physical vapor deposition (PVD) Cr/Au on sapphire substrates was systematically investigated to improve the routing interconnection for high-temperature sensors. Cr and Au films were sequentially deposited on sapphire through magnetron sputtering. Samples with various Au layer thicknesses were subjected to annealing experiments at different temperatures and times. The temperature and processing time affected the dimension of Au particles and changed the surface roughness. With the increase in the temperature and treatment time, the agglomeration of Au particles increased, and the diameter enlarged substantially. Furthermore, the agglomeration effect is enhanced with the increase in the Au film thickness. However, the annealing time under the same temperature had a limited effect on the resistance. All the samples exhibited a low resistance at 700 °C. Moreover, compared with 100/500 nm Cr/Au films, the resistance of 100/1000 nm Cr/Au films slightly changed before and after annealing at 500 °C. Thus, thermo-reliability of PVD Cr/Au was beneficial for high-temperature sensors. The results of this study provided theoretical support for the practical applications of Cr/Au films.
WNT/RYK signaling functions as an antiinflammatory modulator in the lung mesenchyme
Authors: Kim Hyun-Taek , Panza Paolo , Kikhi Khrievono , Nakamichi Yuko , Atzberger Ann , Guenther Stefan , Ruppert Clemens , Guenther Andreas , Stainier Didier Y. R. 
Published: June 2022

A number of inflammatory lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia, are modulated by WNT/β-catenin signaling. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, starting with a forward genetic screen in mouse, we identify the WNT coreceptor Related to receptor tyrosine kinase (RYK) acting in mesenchymal tissues as a cell survival and antiinflammatory modulator.Rykmutant mice exhibit lung hypoplasia and inflammation as well as alveolar simplification due to defective secondary septation, and deletion ofRykspecifically in mesenchymal cells also leads to these phenotypes. By analyzing the transcriptome of wild-type and mutant lungs, we observed the up-regulation of proapoptotic and inflammatory genes whose expression can be repressed by WNT/RYK signaling in vitro. Moreover, mesenchymalRykdeletion at postnatal and adult stages can also lead to lung inflammation, thus indicating a continued role for WNT/RYK signaling in homeostasis. Our results indicate that RYK signaling through β-catenin and Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is part of a safeguard mechanism against mesenchymal cell death, excessive inflammatory cytokine production, and inflammatory cell recruitment and accumulation. Notably, RYK expression is down-regulated in the stromal cells of pneumonitis patient lungs. Altogether, our data reveal that RYK signaling plays critical roles as an antiinflammatory modulator during lung development and homeostasis and provide an animal model to further investigate the etiology of, and therapeutic approaches to, inflammatory lung diseases.
Optimal parameter estimation without consuming raw keys for continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Zou Mi , Mao Yingqiu , Chen Teng-Yun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In conventional continuous-variable quantum key distribution using single Gaussian modulation (SGM), it is usually necessary to reveal a portion of the raw keys to estimate the parameters of the quantum channel. In the double Gaussian modulation (DGM) protocol, parameter estimation is performed without consuming raw keys at the cost of having the estimated result be affected by more aggregated noise than the SGM protocol. In this paper, inspired by the idea of performing parameter estimation after error correction, we propose two improved DGM protocols, i.e., the Gaussian dense modulation protocol, and the Gaussian separate modulation protocol, to eliminate this cost. The two DGM protocols perform parameter estimation twice, once before and once after error correction, so that all raw keys can be used for both parameter estimation and key extraction. Therefore, when finite-size effects are considered, the optimal parameter estimation of the protocol is achieved.
One- and two-dimensional solitons in spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with fractional kinetic energy
Authors: Sakaguchi Hidetsugu , Malomed Boris A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We address effects of spin–orbit coupling (SOC), phenomenologically added to a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate composed of particles moving by Lévy flights, in one- and two-dimensional (1D) and (2D) settings. The corresponding system of coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations includes fractional kinetic-energy operators, characterized by the Lévy index, α < 2 (the normal kinetic energy corresponds to α = 2). The SOC terms, with strength λ, produce strong effects in the 2D case: they create families of stable solitons of the semi-vortex and mixed-mode types in the interval of 1 < α < 2, where the supercritical collapse does not admit the existence of stable solitons in the absence of the SOC. At λ → 0, amplitudes of these solitons vanish ∼λ
1/(α−1).
Enhancement of ferromagnetism in a multiferroic La–Co co-doped BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Song Shaoqing , Jia Longfei , Wang Shuolin , Zheng Dahuai , Liu Hongde , Bo Fang , Kong Yongfa , Xu Jingjun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BiFeO3-based materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their room-temperature multiferroic properties and ultrahigh ferroelectric polarization. In this study, La and Co co-doped BiFeO3 (BLFCO) thin films were fabricated on Pt (111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate buffered by Nb-doped (0.7 wt.%) SrTiO3 via pulsed laser deposition. Experiments revealed that the film deposited at 0.2 Pa comprised the predominant orientation of BiFeO3 (BFO) (111), and its surface root-mean-square roughness was 0.96 nm. The saturation magnetization of the film reached 25.3 emu cm3, which was an order of magnitude higher than that of the pure BFO film, as well as the remanent magnetization reached 1.8 emu cm−3. The result was attributed to the predominant orientation and small grain size of BLFCO films. The piezo-response force microscopy measurements revealed the co-doped film possesses well repeatable performance of polarization reversal, and the presence of ferroelectric orders with an asymmetric ‘butterfly’ structure. These results are helpful for further improving the performance of BFO multifunctional devices.
The risk of cancer following high, and very high, doses of ionising radiation
Authors: Wakeford Richard , Hauptmann Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
It is established that moderate-to-high doses of ionising radiation increase the risk of subsequent cancer in the exposed individual, but the question arises as to the risk of cancer from higher doses, such as those delivered during radiotherapy, accidents, or deliberate acts of malice. In general, the cumulative dose received during a course of radiation treatment is sufficiently high that it would kill a person if delivered as a single dose to the whole body, but therapeutic doses are carefully fractionated and high/very high doses are generally limited to a small tissue volume under controlled conditions. The very high cumulative doses delivered as fractions during radiation treatment are designed to inactivate diseased cells, but inevitably some healthy cells will also receive high/very high doses. How the doses (ranging from <1 Gy to tens of Gy) received by healthy tissues during radiotherapy affect the risk of second primary cancer is an increasingly important issue to address as more cancer patients survive the disease. Studies show that, except for a turndown for thyroid cancer, a linear dose–response for second primary solid cancers seems to exist over a cumulative gamma radiation dose range of tens of gray, but with a gradient of excess relative risk per Gy that varies with the type of second cancer, and which is notably shallower than that found in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors receiving a single moderate-to-high acute dose. The risk of second primary cancer consequent to high/very high doses of radiation is likely to be due to repopulation of heavily irradiated tissues by surviving stem cells, some of which will have been malignantly transformed by radiation exposure, although the exact mechanism is not known, and various models have been proposed. It is important to understand the mechanisms that lead to the raised risk of second primary cancers consequent to the receipt of high/very high doses, in particular so that the risks associated with novel radiation treatment regimens—for example, intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy that deliver high doses to the target volume while exposing relatively large volumes of healthy tissue to low/moderate doses, and treatments using protons or heavy ions rather than photons—may be properly assessed.