bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of evanescent wave-induced fluorescence spectroscopy for exploring high refractive index media
Authors: Chakraborty Subhajit , Xu Yang , Roberts Ann , Goswami Debabrata , Smith Trevor A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Evanescent wave-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (EWIFS) is a widely used technique for probing the interfacial behavior of different complex media in investigations of samples in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. This technique takes advantage of the sharply decaying evanescent field, established following total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface of two media, for spatially identifying the photoluminescence characteristics of the sample. The generation of the evanescent field requires the refractive index of the second medium to be lower than that of the first, so a major disadvantage of this increasingly widely used spectroscopic technique is the inability to exploit the advantages of EWIFS to image a sample with a higher refractive index than the incident substrate medium. A proposed configuration in which a thin, low refractive index intermediate layer is established between the TIR substrate and a high refractive index sample is investigated. We illustrate that this arrangement does not afford the desired advantages of evanescent field-induced fluorescence measurements for investigating high refractive index media.
Non-Hermitian skin effect in two dimensional continuous systems
Authors: Yuce C , Ramezani H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An extensive number of the eigenstates can become exponentially localized at one boundary of nonreciprocal non-Hermitian systems. This effect is known as the non-Hermitian skin effect and has been studied mostly in tight-binding lattices. To extend the skin effect to continues systems beyond 1D, we introduce a quadratic imaginary vector potential in the continuous two dimensional Schrödinger equation. We find that inseparable eigenfunctions for separable nonreciprocal Hamiltonians appear under infinite boundary conditions. Introducing boundaries destroy them and hence they can only be used as quasi-stationary states in practice. We show that all eigenstates can be clustered at the point where the imaginary vector potential is minimum in a confined system.
Femtosecond filamentation in water studied by the interference of supercontinuum
Authors: Li Suyu , Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Yun , Yu Miao , Wang Yaqiu , Liu Fan , Jin Mingxing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Supercontinuum (SC) generation is a typical nonlinear phenomenon that occurs during femtosecond filamentation in transparent media. The interference of the SC induced by femtosecond filament in water is explored by using interferometry with the aid of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI). In the low pulse energy case (single filament is formed), the MZI is used to precisely determine the actual value of filamentation threshold P
th. It is found that the value of P
th is much higher than that of the critical power for self-focusing P
cr. In the higher pulse energy case, by blocking one arm of the MZI, self-interference resulted from SC emitted by femtosecond filaments is studied. By analyzing the interference patterns, we can acquire information on femtosecond filament, such as filament number and filament spacing. The energy range for the generation of single, double and triple filaments in water is also determined. Diffraction effect will distort and even mask the interference patterns, and to eliminate its influence on the results, the spectral signals at shorter wavelength are selected. This work provides an effective approach to study the complex femtosecond filamentation process intuitively and conveniently.
Investigation of photon-induced effects on some diode parameters and negative capacitance of the Schottky structure with Zn-doped organic polymer (PVA) interface
Authors: Erbilen Tanrıkulu Esra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Variation in the electrical parameters depending on illumination and the formation of negative capacitance (NC), and inductive behavior (IB) of Schottky structures interlaid with Zn:PVA, were executed by current/impedance-voltage (I/Z-V) measurements in the dark and under 200 mW cm−2 illuminance. To designate the voltage or calculation method effects on the ideality factor (n), barrier height (BH-Φ
B
), and series resistance (R

s
), these parameters were extracted from different methods. These parameters extracted through the Thermionic-emission (TE) theory, Ohm’s law, Norde and Cheung functions were compared with each other. The reverse bias ln(I

R
)−V

R

0.5 plots were also drawn to designate the validity of Poole-Frenkel and Schottky emissions. In Z-V measurements, NC and related IB phenomena were observed at 500 kHz-fixed frequency in the dark and under illuminance. The interface states (D

it
) variation depending on energy and voltage was obtained using I-V and C/G-V measurements and related equations. The calculations of the diffusion-potential (V

D
), acceptor-atoms (N

A
), Fermi-energy (E

F
), and Φ
B

(C-V) values were performed by fitting the observed linear in the reverse bias C
−2
-V plot. A detailed analysis of NC was performed via the drawn C/(G/ω)-I plots for positive voltages. All experimental results show that the used calculation method, illumination, and voltage are highly effective on the electrical parameters.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of FeCrVAl and related compounds
Authors: Lukashev Pavel V , Stuelke Lukas , Pottebaum Zach , Moua Young , Baker Gavin , Wysong Jax , Flesche Matthew , Valloppilly Shah , Shand Paul M , Kharel Parashu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have carried out a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of FeCrVAl, and the effect of Mn and Co doping on its structural, magnetic, and electronic band properties. Our first principles calculations indicate that FeCrVAl, FeCr0.5Mn0.5VAl, and FeCr0.5Co0.5VAl exhibit nearly perfect spin polarization, which may be further enhanced by mechanical strain. At the same time, FeCrV0.5Mn0.5Al and FeCrV0.5Co0.5Al exhibit a relatively small value of spin polarization, making them less attractive for practical applications. Using arc melting and high vacuum annealing, we synthesized three compounds FeCrVAl, FeCr0.5Mn0.5VAl, and FeCr0.5Co0.5VAl, which are predicted to exhibit high spin polarization. The room temperature x-ray diffraction patterns of all samples are fitted with full B2 type disorder with a small amount of FeO2 secondary phase. All samples show very small saturation magnetizations at room temperature. The thermomagnetic curves M(T) of FeCrVAl and FeCr0.5Co0.5VAl are similar to that of a paramagnetic material, whereas that of FeCr0.5Mn0.5VAl indicates ferrimagnetic behavior with the Curie temperature of 135 K. Our findings may be of interest for researchers working on Heusler compounds for spin-based electronic applications.
AreStaphylococcus aureusCarrier Types Evidence of Population Heterogeneity?
Authors: Beams Alexander , Keegan Lindsay T , Adler Frederick R , Samore Matthew H , Khader Karim , Toth Damon J A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAsymptomatic colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is a precursor for infection, so identifying the mode and source of transmission which leads to colonization could help in targeting interventions. Longitudinal studies have shown that some people are persistently colonized for years, while others seem to carry S. aureus for weeks or less, and conventional wisdom attributes this disparity to an underlying risk factor in the persistently colonized. We analyze published data with mathematical models of acquisition and carriage to compare this hypothesis with alternatives. The null model assumed a homogeneous population and still produced highly variable colonization durations (mean = 101.7 weeks; 5th percentile, 5.2 weeks; 95th percentile, 304.7 weeks). Simulations showed that this inherent variability, combined with censoring in longitudinal cohort studies, is sufficient to produce the appearance of “persistent carriers,” “intermittent carriers,” and “noncarriers” in data. Our estimates for colonization duration exhibited sensitivity to the assumption that false-positive test results can occur despite being rare, but our model-based approach simultaneously estimates specificity and sensitivity along with epidemiologic parameters. Our results show it is plausible that S. aureus colonizes people indiscriminately, and improved understanding of the types of exposures which result in colonization is essential.
Those Things Which Are Written in Romance: Language and Law Teaching in Thirteenth-Century England
Authors: McSweeney Thomas J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Around 1250, a shift began to occur in texts written on the common law. Where earlier texts on the practices of the king’s courts had mostly been written in Latin, a number of the new texts written after 1250 were written in French. The shift to French initially occurred mostly in the context of texts on counting and pleading, the oral parts of court procedure, which were conducted in French, and one author of the 1280s even suggested that by his time a norm had developed that texts on counting and pleading should be written in French. This article examines the evidence for such a norm and the reasons for the shift to French in the later thirteenth century. It uses texts on counting and pleading to examine how both French and Latin were used in the education of pleaders and concludes that, although a norm probably did exist that the oral parts of procedure should be taught in French, Latin was still being used for a number of different purposes in the education of pleaders.
Realism’s Gender Wars: Masculinity Effects in Late Realist Fiction and Contemporary Reality TV
Authors: Fraiman Susan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWho owns The Real in realism, and what difference does gender make? Countering monolithic (and often dismissive) notions of realism, this article recognizes divergent signifiers of the real. Its particular concern is the war between realisms coded as feminine and those coded as masculine—between what Frank Norris belittled as “the drama of a broken teacup” and the drama of a man battling to survive in the wild. Juxtaposing Jack London’s Klondike fiction with today’s survival reality TV shows, I see these as similar efforts to put a masculine stamp on the real. In my reading of the History Channel’s Alone (2015–present), however, a Londonesque realism of moose-killing is challenged by a realism of the daily, non-dire, and domestic. Alone’s oscillation between these modes recalls that Ur-text of literary realism in which a violent, shipwrecked man sets about reinventing the household arts.“A realism of the nondire is just as authentic—its sociable, homemaking women and men just as credible and worthy—as a realism of men in mortal danger.”
Illuminating the Antebellum Literary Marketplace: The Artfulness of Literary Labor in George Foster’s New York by Gas-Light
Authors: Shelnutt Blevin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
George Foster’s New York by Gas-Light (1850) has been understood as a characteristic text of urban sensationalism, a body of writing more often studied for its response to modernity than literary artfulness. Yet, while Foster seems eager to spectacularize the hidden corners of urban life, he also creates metaliterary moments around scenes of literary business and labor, especially the nighttime labor that the technology of gaslight enabled. Reading these self-referential moments in the context of dramatic changes in publishing facilitated by gaslight opens a theoretical intersection between materialist and aesthetic criticism concerning the relationship between work and art. I argue that Foster presents New York by Gas-Light as at once a product of his industrialized labor and an artifact of self-conscious literary crafting by cultivating attention to the material conditions of his aesthetic creation. As I show, Foster’s reflexive materialist aesthetics disrupts longstanding premises of literary history: it counters largely linguistic accounts of literary style by connecting literary artistry to the work of commercial publication, resists an autonomous ideal that abstracts literature from the material labor of authors, and reclaims the artistic possibilities of what might otherwise be regarded as mass cultural forms.
The Great American Baseball Novel: How Literature Invented the National Pastime
Authors: Darda Joseph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
From 1846, when the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club lost their first game under a consolidated set of rules, transforming the “New York game” into “base ball,” and Walt Whitman, then a roving editor with the Brooklyn Eagle, observed neighborhood kids engaged in “a certain game of ball,” to the rise of television and football, literature elevated baseball from another bat-and-ball game to a national institution, a distorted mirror through which the nation identified itself. MLB commissioners and novelists have described baseball as a form of writing and as the literature of their childhoods because the game first achieved national status through writing and literature. From Whitman to Bernard Malamud, American authors turned to baseball to determine the health of the nation, encouraging their readers to invest in the health of the game. First came the great American baseball novel, then the national pastime.Baseball nationalism needed the hard sell of sportswriters and the soft touch of literature.
Iterative Objects: Hauntings of Identity in Poetic Form
Authors: Smailbegović Ada 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Channeling Gertrude Stein’s assertion from her lecture “Portraits and Repetition” that there is no such thing as repetition because both language and other entities that compose the world are continuously undergoing change, this essay explores the question of iteration or recursion in two recent critical books, Brian Kim Stefans’s Word Toys: Poetry and Technics (2017) and Jacob Edmond’s Make it the Same: Poetry in the Age of Global Media (2019). Stefans develops a critical practice that considers poems to be autonomous, dynamic entities, akin to machines or living organisms, thus connecting to longstanding traditions in twentieth-century poetry, which have imagined words as objects that populate the open field of the poem. However, much as Stein suggests, such linguistic objects are not self-same or stable. This opens the question of the role of iteration with a difference in the constitution of such entities, and in the context of Edmond’s book Make It the Same this question is extended to poetic techniques, such as copying, in their variously mediated forms, ranging from the use of a tape recorder to digital media.[L]iving entities, which for Stein as for Stefans, can be defined as forms of subjectivity—as poems, roses or frogs—are not self-same and are, instead, iteratively created in each recursion or repetition.
Trial-by-trial fluctuations in amygdala activity track motivational enhancement of desirable sensory evidence during perceptual decision-making
Authors: Calabro Ren , Lyu Yizhou , Leong Yuan Chang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
People are biased toward seeing outcomes that they are motivated to see. For example, wanting their favored team to prevail biases sports fans to perceive an ambiguous foul in a manner that is favorable to the team they support. Here, we test the hypothesis that such motivational biases in perceptual decision-making are associated with amygdala activity. We used monetary incentives to experimentally manipulate participants to want to see one percept over another while they performed a categorization task involving ambiguous images. Participants were more likely to categorize an image as the category we motivated them to see, suggesting that wanting to see a particular percept biased their perceptual decisions. Heightened amygdala activity was associated with motivation consistent categorizations and tracked trial-by-trial enhancement of neural activity in sensory cortices encoding the desirable category. Analyses using a drift diffusion model further suggest that trial-by-trial amygdala activity was specifically associated with biases in the accumulation of sensory evidence. In contrast, frontoparietal regions commonly associated with biases in perceptual decision-making were not associated with motivational bias. Altogether, our results suggest that wanting to see an outcome biases perceptual decisions via distinct mechanisms and may depend on dynamic fluctuations in amygdala activity.
Dysregulated dynamic time-varying triple-network segregation in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Guo Xiaonan , Cao Yabo , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Xia , Zhai Guangjin , Chen Heng , Gao Le 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the remarkable characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the dysregulation of functional connectivity of the triple-network, which includes the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN). However, there is little known about the segregation of the triple-network dynamics in ASD. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data including 105 ASD and 102 demographically-matched typical developing control (TC) children. We compared the dynamic time-varying triple-network segregation and triple-network functional connectivity states between ASD and TC groups, and examined the relationship between dynamic triple-network segregation alterations and clinical symptoms of ASD. The average dynamic network segregation value of the DMN with SN and the DMN with CEN in ASD was lower but the coefficient of variation (CV) of dynamic network segregation of the DMN with CEN was higher in ASD. Furthermore, partially reduced triple-network segregation associated with the DMN was found in connectivity states analysis of ASD. These abnormal average values and CV of dynamic network segregation predicted social communication deficits and restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD. Our findings indicate abnormal dynamic time-varying triple-network segregation of ASD and highlight the crucial role of the triple-network in the neural mechanisms underlying ASD.
Sailing with TWAIL: A Historical Inquiry into Third World Perspectives on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Enyew Endalew Lijalem 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The contemporary law of the sea is not only a making of its own time but also a result of evolutions from the past. Indeed, the LOSC reflects a particular historical trajectory from Grotius’s Mare Liberum to UNCLOS III and the historical circumstances under which it developed. Using TWAIL as a theoretical and methodological lens, this article critically analyzes the historical development of the law of the sea from Third World States’ standpoint. The article demonstrates that the rules and principles of the traditional law of the sea were conceptualized by and designed to promote the colonial and other interests of the powerful and technologically advanced Western States. Nonetheless, Third World States consistently challenged the old legal order of the sea and played significant roles in the evolution of existing doctrines and the development of new spatial architecture of the oceans and the associated principles. The article concludes that, despite such efforts of Third World States to reorient the law of the sea in a manner to address their interests, the protections that current international law offers to Third World States remain fragile in many areas, which areas continue to be subjects of the ongoing Third World struggle.
Chemical–protein relation extraction with ensembles of carefully tuned pretrained language models
Authors: Weber Leon , Sänger Mario , Garda Samuele , Barth Fabio , Alt Christoph , Leser Ulf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe identification of chemical–protein interactions described in the literature is an important task with applications in drug design, precision medicine and biotechnology. Manual extraction of such relationships from the biomedical literature is costly and often prohibitively time-consuming. The BioCreative VII DrugProt shared task provides a benchmark for methods for the automated extraction of chemical–protein relations from scientific text. Here we describe our contribution to the shared task and report on the achieved results. We define the task as a relation classification problem, which we approach with pretrained transformer language models. Upon this basic architecture, we experiment with utilizing textual and embedded side information from knowledge bases as well as additional training data to improve extraction performance. We perform a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed model and the individual extensions including an extensive hyperparameter search leading to 2647 different runs. We find that ensembling and choosing the right pretrained language model are crucial for optimal performance, whereas adding additional data and embedded side information did not improve results. Our best model is based on an ensemble of 10 pretrained transformers and additional textual descriptions of chemicals taken from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The model reaches an F1 score of 79.73% on the hidden DrugProt test set and achieves the first rank out of 107 submitted runs in the official evaluation.Database URL: https://github.com/leonweber/drugprot
Long goodbyes: pathways of leaving home by gender and destination in Spain
Authors: del Rey Alberto , Stanek Mikolaj , García-Gómez Jesús 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article examines the pathways of leaving home in Spain by differentiating between moving out to live with a partner (marriage or cohabitation) and without one. We analyzed the relationship between these pathways, personal and family characteristics, and various life course events in both men and women. The analysis uses Spain’s 2018 Fertility Survey data, applying logistic regression, and competing risk models.
The results revealed a major transformation in these pathways between generations, with women recording a greater diversity of situations. In general, there is a delay in leaving home among the younger generations and greater relevance of economic factors. Personal and family characteristics related to modern values are associated with new destinations, namely, cohabiting, and living without a partner, while the traditional pathway involving marriage has lost ground. Finally, life-course events are closely related to different destinations, representing the gendered professional career effect. Finding a job and building a career are positively associated with all kinds of departures among men; however, they are negatively associated with leaving home to marry among women.