bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of White Grub in Tall Fescue Turf, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Patton V. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied to a private estate in Washington, DC, on 9 Sep. Thatch accumulation was about 0.15 inches and the soil contained 3-5% organic matter. Grub populations averaged 12-15/sq ft. Plots were 8 × 8 i arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Granular treatments were applied by a hand-held shaker can, and liquid treatments weie applied in 2 gal of water by sprinkling can. All plots were irrigated with 0.5 inches of water immediately after treatment. The treatment area received anotht r 0.5 inches of water on 18 Sep. The second application of 2 lb (AI)/acre of Diazinon for Diazinon 5G (2.0 + 2.0) and Diazinon AG500 (2.0 + 2.0) treatments was applied on 18 Sep. Seven 4-inch plug samples were taken 12 Oct from each plot, and the number of grubs was recorded from each sample.
Chinch Bug Control in Red Fescue Turf, 1985
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. , Vinis L. , Grove J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The turf area was a red fescue home lawn located near Potomac, Montgomery County, Md. At the time of precounts and treatment on 24 Aug damage to the lawn was severe. The chinch bugs averaged 25 adults and nymphs/sq ft. Test plots were 10 × 10 ft replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied by hand-held shaker can, and all liquid treatments were applied by sprinkling can. All treatments wereapplied in 2 directions across each plot. All treatments were watered into the thatch with at least 0.25 inches of water. Chinch bugs were sampled with a metal cylinder floatation method on 26 and 30 Aug.
Woody Ornamental Phytotoxicity Evaluations with Asana in North Carolina, 1987
Authors: Booth Donald C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity of Asana 1.9EC (esfenvalerate) was evaluated on 20 varieties of field-grown woody ornamentals. Plants were growing in full sun without irrigation. Rainfall was 6.4 cm total for the preceding 3 mo, causing a water-stressed condition in all test plants. Asana was applied to the point of runoff on 20-21 Jul to all leaf surfaces using an Echo SHR-200E power backpack sprayer with an adjustable-jet nozzle. Applications at each rate were made to at least 2 mature plants of each species with the exception of the hydrangea; only 1 plant was sprayed at the low rate. Temperatures during application were 30-37°C, 35-45% humidity. Plants were evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days after application.
Control of Soft Scale and Aphids in Red Ginger, Hawaii, 1986
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted from 4 Aug through 2 Sep in field plantings of red ginger. Plots measured 9 × 10 ft with 11 plantings/plot arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Pretreatment counts of the number of flowers infested with green scales and aphids were taken on 31 Jul. Insecticides were applied to runoff (160 gal/acre) every 2 wk, for a total of 3 applications, using a compressed-air sprayer with an 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. A spreader sticker, Triton B 1956, was added to each treatment (including the check) at a rate of 3 fl oz/100 gal.
Control of Green Peach Aphid on Snapdragons, 1987
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Ann Schwartz Mary , Price Richard , Gladin Jodie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peach aphid control was evaluated on greenhouse grown snapdragons on 12 Jun. The plants were in 4-inch pots, evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until runoff with a Gilmore all-purpose hand sprayer. A surfactant (Triton B) was added to all treatments. Infestations were determined by examining 4 leaves/plant and counting the number of live aphids/leaf at 1, 7, and 14 DAT.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Black Vine Weevil Adults, Wooster, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Taxus and rhododendron growing in containers were used to evaluate efficacy of insecticides against black vine weevil adults by feeding sprayed foliage to weevils at specified intervals after application. A CO2 compression sprayer with aTeeJet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle operating at 40 psi was used to apply 450 ml/36-cm plant (to run-off). Rhododendron and taxus were both sprayed 24 Jul under sunny skies at 25°C and a 16-32 km/h wind. Plants received 1.27 cm of overhead irrigation every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday after the first samples were removed. Two 10- to 15-cm twigs were removed from each taxus plant and, along with 3 ovipositing weevils, were placed in a 1-liter fonda cup with a mesh top. Two rhododendron leaves were taken from each plant and caged with weevils in the same manner. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Weevils had been collected from a taxus nursery in Lake County and maintained on taxus foliage in the laboratory at 21-23°C, &gt;80% RH, with a 16 h (L:D) cycle until used in the test. Efficacy was evaluated 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after application by allowing the weevils to feed on treated foliage for 72 h. After 72 h, moribund weevils were placed on unsprayed foliage, and percent mortality was assessed 48 h later. A separate test with taxus was conducted 19 Aug under sunny skies, 24°C, and a 8-10 km/h breeze. The above procedures were followed except that efficacy was evaluated 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after application.
Control of ELM Leaf Beetle on Siberian Elms, 1987
Authors: Price Richard , Gladin Jodie , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on 2 windbreak plantings of Siberian elm. The trees in Test 1 were 15-20 ft high and located 2 miles south of Stillwater, Okla. In Test 2, trees were 10-15 ft high and located 1 mile south of Stillwater. Both plantings were treated on 21 May. Applications were made with a Marco R-20 sprayer which delivered material at 35 psi. Trees were separated by enough distance to avoid drift. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Temperature and wind velocity at time of treatment were 77°F and 5-10 mph, respectively. Larval counts were made by examining 18 inches of terminal branch at 10 locations/tree.
Spruce Spider Mite Control, 1986
Authors: Kard Bradford M. R. , Hain Fred P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted in August to compare the efficacy of 3 formulations of Zectran mexacarbate insecticide for spruce spider mite (SSM) control. Pydrin insecticide was used as a comparison standard. A Fraser fir Christmas tree plantation near Cullowhee in Jackson County, N.C., was selected as the test site. Using a 2.5-gal hand-pressurized portable sprayer, the foliage and main stem of 2 SSM-infested fir trees (6-7 ft tall) per treatment were sprayed until wet. Two control trees received water sprays only. Ten to 12 trees could be sprayed per gal. Treatments were applied in a completely random design. Pretreatment counts were taken on 1 Aug by clipping 5 5-cm-long SSM infested twigs (1 twig/replicate) from each tree. All live SSM life stages were counted, and the mean density per 5 cm twig was determined. In the same manner, posttreatment counts were taken 2 wk after treatments and compared to corresponding pretreatment counts to determine % live SSM density changes.
Spruce Spider Mite Control and Balsam FIR, Coshocton County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Balsam fir (3-4 m high) growing at the OSUOARDC Pomerene Forestry Research Facility near Coshocton, Ohio, were used to evaluate acaricides against spruce spider mite. Treatments were assigned in a randomized complete block design with 4 single-tree replicates. Treatments were applied with a KWH backpack mistblower operating at 0.5 throttle on aperture setting 4 for 75 s to deliver 1892 ml of finished spray/tree. Applications were made 30 Jul under sunny skies at 30°C and no breeze. Treatments were evaluated 6 Aug by removing 5 branch ends 10-15 cm long from each tree and transporting them in paper bags in an air conditioned vehicle to the laboratory. All samples were processed by passing them through a mite brush 6 times to dislodge mites to a rotating glass plate coated with Tween-20. Dislodged mites were counted with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope.
Phytotoxicity Test, Selected Woody Plants, Lake County, Ohio, 1986
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four pesticides were evaluated for potential phytotoxic effects on 15 species or cultivars of woody plants growing in containers at a commercial nursery in Madison, Ohio. Plants were managed to promote optimum growth and aesthetic appeal. Treatments were applied 28 May to 3 plants of each cultivar under sunny skies at 24°C with winds at 0-8 km/h. A CO2 compression sprayer operating at 40 psi (2.8 kg/cm2) was used to apply spray to runoff. Morestan treatments were applied again to the same plants 9 Jun under sunny skies at 21°C with winds at 8-17 km/h. Plants were inspected for symptoms of phytotoxicity on 9, 16, and 27 Jun and 18 Jul.
Dormant Application of Selected Insecticides on Scotch Pine for Controlling Pine Tortoise Scale, Mont-Gomery County, Ohio, 1985
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scotch pine (1-2 m high) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were used to evaluate efficacy of insecticides against mature scales. Infested trees were sprayed 26 Mar, using a COa compression sprayer at 40 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle delivering sprays to run-off. Sprays were directed toward the infested limbs of each of 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Conditions while spraying were sunny at 7-10°C with winds of 16-23 km/h. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 9 Apr by removing 3 infested twigs from each tree and evaluating mortality using a dissecting microscope.
Laboratory Evaluation of TD-2222 and Chlorpyrifos Against the German Cockroach 1986
Authors: Ogg Clyde L. , Gold Roger E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of TD-2222 (24.4% A.I.), an experimental microencapsulated flowable insecticide and 2 formulations of Chlorpyrifos were evaluated on painted white pine panels. The Chlorpyrifos formulations were Duraban ME (11.7% A.I.) and Dursban 4E (44.4% A.I.)- Pin e blocks (232.25 cm2) were cut, painted with 2 coats of semigloss latex paint, and allowed to dry. A 4 mm-deep circular groove was cut into the surface of the wood, so that an inverted plastic Petri dish cover (92 mm diam) could effectively contain cockroaches on the surface. The test surfaces were prepared by applying a 1 ml water solution of the insecticide, with a saturated natural bristle brush. The panels were than held at 25°C scotophase until bioassay. Three panels for each formulation and concentration were used at 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days to perform the assay. Each panel was considered a replication. Ten male German cockroaches (Orlando normal strain) per panel were anesthetized and placed on the treated surfaces. Mortality (moribund cockroaches were considered dead) was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after placement, with the cockroaches encountering continuous exposure. Data were analyzed by probit analysis, which yielded mean LT50 values in hours for each formulation, concentration, and age of panel.
Control of Face Flies and Horn Flies on Pastured Dairy Heifers with Insecticidal Ear Tags Or Tapes, 1987
Authors: Miller R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ear tag efficacy trials were conducted on pastured herds (15-50 head/herd) of dairy heifers in Howard and Carroll counties, Maryland. Two herds were not tagged and served as checks. During the period of time from 20 Apr-20 May, 2, 3, and 4 herds were tagged (2/head) with the following commercially available tags: Ectrin, Guardian, and Terminator. These herds, as well as 1 additional herd in which the heifers were treated with 1 Ectiban tape attached to an identification tag, were monitored for face flies and horn flies during the months of May-Sep. Fly density was determined by making weekly counts of the number of face flies/face and horn flies/side on 15 animals in each herd.
Beef Cattle Fly Control with Methoprene Bolus and Diflubenzuron (Vigilante Tm) Bolus Followed by Atro- 3An Tagging, 1987
Authors: Webb J. , Cilek J. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two herds of cows/calves were treated with 50g Vigilante boluses containing 4.9g AI diflubenzuron on 3 Mar to determine the efficacy igainst the horn fly and face fly. Only the cows were treated at the rate of 1 bolus/250kg of body weight and 1/2 bolus for less than 250kg of body weight. Ten wk later these cattle were treated with Atroban eartags. One herd received 1 tag/cow and the other received 2 tags/cow. Prior to tagging, 5 fresh manure samples from each herd were bioassayed with newly emerged laboratory face flies to determine if the Vigilante treatment was still effective against the face ily. An untreated cow/calf herd in the same general area served as controls. In a separate investigation, 2 different formulations of 1.5% S-methoprene (F- 257-67-3 and F-257-64-3) were investigated for their efficacy against horn flies. A Vigilante bolus treatment was used for a comparison test, as was a separate ontrol herd. All 4 herds were cow/calf operations and all within 2 miles radius of each other. Treatment was on 12 May. Horn fly estimates were made at 2 wk intervals on one side of each of 10 animals in each test. Face fly counts were made on the same animal. No fly counts were made on the early Vigilante lest until 4 wk posttreatment as no flies were present.
Efficacy of Two Temephos Formulations Against Mosquito Larvae, 1986
Authors: Cilek J. E. , Webb J. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two deep metal containers, measuring 45 inches (length) × 24 inches (width) × 20 inches (depth) and 2 shallow metal containers, 95 inches (length) × 27 inches (width) × 8 inches (depth), each filled with 70 gal of water, were used in simulated field tests. Test I utilized tap water only; 25 lb of fresh cow manure were added to the water in test II to determine the effect of organic matter on the residual activity of both temephos formulations. A 2% plaster formulation of temephos was applied at a rate of 5mg/gal and compared to a 2% celatom formulation (Abate 2-CG) at a rate of 5mg/gal. Each formulation was replicated twice in both deep and shallow containers. In test II, only 1 deep container was utilized for each of the above formulations. Because water evaporated in the containers during each test period, additional tap water was added to all containers prior to sampling. At each sampling interval the water in all containers was stirred slowly to attain as equal mixing as possible without disturbing the pesticide formulation granules in the bottom of each container. After 5 min, 3 random 600 ml water samples were taken for subsequent mosquito larval bioassays. Laboratory reared Aedes aegypti and wild collected Culex pipiens larvae were used in test I, while Ae. aegypti larvae were used in test II. About 200 ml of water from each water sample were placed in separate 250 ml glass beakers and bioassayed against 25 3rd-instar mosquito larvae. Untreated tap water was used as a control. All treatments and controls were replicated 3 times. Larval mortality was based on the inability of larvae to move when the side of the beaker was tapped at 24 h, posttreatment.
Evaluation of Alfacron for Control of Cat Flea Adults, 1986
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Patterson R. S. , Koehler P. G. , Moore D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Technical alfacron was evaluated for control of adult cat fleas in the laboratory. A 2% stock solution of technical grade alfacron was made up in acetone. From the stock solution 1%, .5%, .25%, .125%, and .0625% serial dilutions were made. Each dilution and the stock solution were used to treat 10 pieces of filter paper (1.5 by 5 cm) by applying 0.1 ml of solution to each paper. The control group consisted of 5 pieces of filter paper each treated with 0.1 ml of acetone. All treated papers were allowed to dry for 2 h and then were placed in a test tube (ca 80 ml). Ten newly-emerged fleas were placed in each tube which was then covered with parafilm. The parafilm covering each tube had been pierced with a dissecting needle to provide air circulation. After 24 h, the number of dead fleas in each tube was recorded.
Control of Sweet Corn Pests, 1987:
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Snowbelle’ sweet corn was planted on 3 Jim near Benson, N.C. Single-row plots, 10 ft long on 42-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft separated replicates. Treatments were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow-cone nozzle (18 x ) operating at 60 psi to apply 80 gal/acre. Treatments were initiated at early tassel stage, and were applied 14 and 17 Jul (tassel); 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31 Jul; and 2, 5, and 8 Aug. All mature ears in each plot were harvested 3 and 10 Aug and scored for larval damage. Counts were combined, and the percentage of damaged ears was determined.
Control in Late Planted Sweet Corn, 1988:
Authors: Whalen J. , Spellman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 7 Jul near Georgetown, Del. Two-row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles/row delivering 75 gals/acre at 40 psi. Silk sprays were applied on 23, 26, and 31 Aug and 2 and 6 Sep. At harvest maturity (8 Sep), all ears from each plot were examined for economic damage and all live larvae were counted.
Onion Maggot Control, 1988:
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted 12 Apr in muck soil near Potter, N.Y., on Franjo Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Germination and damage data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed furrow treatments were applied with a hand-pushed cone seeder planting 9 seeds/ft and delivering 75 gal/acre through a gravity-fed system. Insecticide band treatments were based on a 15-inch row width. Dithane M-45 (80 W) was applied in the furrow at 2.4 lb (AI)/acre for control of onion smut (Urocystis cepulae) with each treatment. Stand counts were taken 26 May. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants twice each wk from the time of stand counts until 28 Jul.
Control on Potato in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota, 1988:
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 4 May at the University of Minnesota Northwest Experimental Station, Crookston, and at the Red River Valley Grower’s Association Research Farm, Grand Forks. Experimental plots were 25 ft long with 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Insecticidal sprays were applied 23 Jun with a CO2-powered hand sprayer delivering 36 gal/acre. Posttreatment evaluations were done 24 h, 72 h, and 168 h later. They consisted of direct counts on all second and third instars on 10 randomly selected plants/plot.
Soil Systemics Applied at Planting and Emergence, 1988:
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 21 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount. The field, a Waukegan silt loam, had been in soybeans the previous year. Treatments were 2 rows, 40 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Granular insecticides were applied at planting in furrow with a planter-mounted granular applicator and at emergence over the rows on 2 Jul and sidedressed on 23 Jul. An additional treatment consisted of 3 foliar sprays of Pydrin at 0.1 lb/acre on 16 Jul, 15 Aug, and 30 Aug. Plots were evaluated by counting CPB larvae by instar on 10 randomly selected plants in each plot on 7 Jul, 28 Jul, 11 Aug, 18 Aug, 23 Aug, 31 Aug, and 9 Sep. Plots were also evaluated for PLH by sampling 35 mid-plant leaves in each plot. Temik and Thimet plots were not sprayed with any foliar insecticide. On 15 Oct potatoes were harvested and sorted by grade. Two-way ANOVA was used to test for treatment differences in PLH and CPB densities.
Control with Foliar Sprays, 1988:
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots were established in a potato field on the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and irrigation was by surface flow. Thirteen treatments and an untreated control were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36-inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long. Applications were made as a broadcast spray using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer. Each acre received 20 gal finished spray at 30 psi from X-8 (Spraying Systems) hollow-cone nozzles. A spreader-sticker (B-1956, Rohm and Haas, 0.25% vol/vol) was added to the 3 applications of RH-5849. Adult and larval CPB were counted by recording the number of each stage observed infesting the middle 2 rows of each plot as the observer walked between those rows. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls studentized range test.
Control with Bacterial Insecticides, 1988:
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established on a field of “organic” potatoes near Castleford, Idaho. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and irrigation was by surface flow. An untreated control and 7 treatments were replicated in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows (36-inch spacing) by 25 ft. Treatments were applied in a broadcast spray using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal finished spray/acre. Spraying pressure was 30 psi and nozzle type was X-8 (Spraying Systems) hollow cone. A spreader-sticker was added to the ABG-6263 spray solutions (Leffingwell Activate 90, 3 cc/21 spray solution). The bacterial plots received a second spray 7 d after the initial application because larvae were still present. Larvae and adults were visually counted on the middle 2 rows of each plot as the observer walked between those plot rows. The percentage of defoliation estimates were made 14 d after the initial application. Data analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls studentized range test.
Control in Tomato, 1986
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Schweissing Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Highlander’ tomatoes, planted 12 May at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, Colo., were used in this study. Plots were 2 rows (30-inch bed), 24 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied 13 Aug using a CO2 compressed-air sprayer delivering 96 gal/acre. Plots were sampled 19 Aug by taking 25 blossoms/plot and counting all thrips in blossoms.
Control on No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1988
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted no-till in 25-ft rows on 24 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a 2-inch-wide flutted coulter in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered wheat. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The soil was a Norfolk A loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 13 and 27 Jul and 4 Aug. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of CPB adults and larvae/10 plants and the percentage of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 30 Aug from a 10-ft section of row.