bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Adaptation Measures and Constraints among Smallholder Food Crop Farmers in Sayo and Dale Sedi District, Ethiopia
Authors: Terefe Melkamu Kena 
Published: July 2022

Background: In contemporary world food crop production is under pressure due to change in climate. In developing nation climate change is a treat both in food crop production and food security. Analysing farmers’ climate change adaptation measures and understanding the barriers provides clear guidance to address constraints that impede food crop producers’ adaptation. Methods: A stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 200 food crop producers for primary data gathering. The multinomial logit model was used to determine the factors that affect the selection of adaptation measures to climate change and factor analysis was used to identify factors that impede food crop producers’ ability to adapt to climate change. Result: The result of the multinomial logit model shows that various socio-economic factors (family size, education, climate change awareness, farming experience, nonfarm income, farm size, distance to farmland, extension services and access to credit) influence farmers’ choices regarding climate change adaptation strategies in the study area. The result of the varimax rotate principal component analysis found four factors that are detrimental to food crop producers in adapting to climate change. These principal constraints are institution and government, technology and inputs, information and knowledge and belief, culture and participation as factors that hinder farmers from adapting to climate change. Thus, there is room for government and development partners to strengthen the adaptive capacities of farmers by resolving problems related to institutions, government policy, technology, inputs availability and information regarding climate change to minimize the potential impact and loss in the future.
Factor and Discriminant Analyses in the Morphostructure of Batur and Wonosobo Sheep Breeds
Authors: Ibrahim Alek , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , Baliarti Endang , Putra Widya Pintaka Bayu , Margawati Endang Tri , Atmoko Bayu Andri , Artama Wayan Tunas , Widayanti Rini 
Published: July 2022

Background: Batur and Wonosobo sheep are two Indonesian indigenous sheep breeds from Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to describe and discriminate the morphostructure of Batur sheep and Wonosobo sheep with body measurements and body indices. Methods: Fourteen body measurements and nine body indices were measured from 37 Batur and 83 Wonosobo sheep. Two statistical methods of factor and discriminant analyses were computed with SPSS 25.0 program to describe the sheep’s morphostructure and characterization. Result: The factor analysis in body measurements was obtained three principal components (PCs) that explain about 76.58% (Wonosobo sheep) and 73.51% (Batur sheep) of the total variance in animals’ morphostructure. Meanwhile, the factor analysis in body indices was obtained on three PCs that explain about 79.16% (Batur sheep) and 95.57% (Wonosobo sheep) of the total variance in animals’ morphostructure. About 95.2% of Wonosobo sheep and 92.7% of Batur sheep can be classified with body measurements (RW, SW, EL, EW, RH and TL). Meanwhile, about 75.7% of Batur sheep and 80.7% of Wonosobo sheep can be classified with body indices (TI and CI). In conclusion, Batur and Wonosobo sheep can be accurately characterized by their body measurements.
Application of Stress Indices to Identify Terminal Heat Tolerance Genotype in Field Pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense)
Authors: Seepal Yashwant Singh , Sharma Vijay , Singh C.M. , Shukla Gaurav , Gangwar Vaishali , . Kamaluddin , Singh Shalesh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Background: The exposure of field pea crop to high-temperature stress during the anthesis and pod development stage led to poor pollination, development of shriveled pods and poor performance that results in reduced seed yield. The study aims to screen and identify heat-tolerant genotypes based on stress tolerance indices. One hundred forty-three field pea genotypes, including three checks evaluated in augmented block design for seed yield per plant under normal and late sown conditions to identify terminal heat-tolerant genotypes of field pea. Methods: Stress indices were computed based on seed yield per plant under normal (Yp) and late (Ys) sown conditions. The stress indices for seed yield are calculated as per the suggested method i.e. tolerance index (Hossain et al., 1990), heat susceptibility index (Fischer and Maurer, 1978), yield stability index (Bouslama and Schapaugh, 1984), mean productivity (Hossain et al., 1990), geometric mean productivity (Fernandez, 1992), stress tolerance index (Fernandez, 1992). Correlation coefficient and principal component analysis were done by using R (version 4.1.1) statistical software. Result: Correlation coefficient analysis reveals that seed yield under stress conditions was positively correlated with the indices viz., MP, GMP, STI and YSI whereas, it was negatively correlated with HSI, signifying that higher estimates of MP, GMP, STI and YSI and lower of HSI correspond to heat tolerance. The seed yield under both environments had a positive and significant association with MP, GMP and STI. Genotypes viz., EC-341743, P-1679, P-1384-3, P-179 and P-781 were found with high indices scores and showing their suitability for the breeding program for heat tolerance. The first two principal components (PCs) accounted for 97.46% of the total variation present in the genotype.
Prevention of noise induced hearing loss in worker: A literature review
Authors: Setyawan Febri Endra Budi 
Published: July 2022

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a hearing loss due to noise that exceeds the hearing threshold limit value (TLV) in a work environment. Impacts of this disorder are decreased concentration, fatigue, headaches, sleep disturbances, and loss of job. Therefore, it is very important for industry stakeholders and workers to understand about the NIHL, so they can prevent and rehabilitate this problem. Risk factors that affect degrees of severity of deafness are noise intensity, frequency, duration of exposure per day, length of work, individual sensitivity, age and other factors that can cause deafness. Based on this, it can be understood that an amount of received exposure of noise energy will be similarly proportional as obtained damage. In general, NIHL cannot be cured but can be prevented and rehabilitated. Its prevention can be by applying hearing conservation program (HCP) such as noise measurement procedure, noise control, periodic audiometry measurement, hearing protection, worker education, recording, and evaluation. Some of benefits that can be obtained from the hearing conservation program are as a guide to diagnose hearing loss to prevent health impacts from noise exposure.
Chronic kidney dissease and complex urinary tract infection in children with left renal agenesis : A case report
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Wibowo Tunjung , Rusmawatiningtyas Desy , Hermawan Kristia 
Published: July 2022

Child with left renal agenesis fulfill the diagnostic criteria for chronic kidney disease due to its structural abnormalities that lasted for more than three months. It is important to monitored the disease progression and also growth, development and quality of life in children with chronic disease. Management of other risk factors that can accelerate disease progression must be carried out comprehensively. The patient's was 9 months old girl with stage I chronic kidney disease and also having recurrent complex urinary tract infections with left renal agenesis. The interventions was to identify other abnormalities of the urinary tract and syndromic disorders, prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) recurrence, prevention of renal injury, renal scaring and dietary education. After 18 months of observation there was no urinary tract abnormality in imaging results, there was one episode of mild recurrent UTI, no renal injury and there was no sign of renal scaring. The final outcome was no significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), growth and development was good and good quality of life. The immunizations was given as scheduled. Monitoring and multidisciplinary intervention of prognostic variables such as urinary tract and syndromic disorders, recurrence UTI, renal injury, renal scaring and diet in children with chronic kidney disease are important for optimal outcome. No decrease of GFR, good growth, development and optimal quality of life and also knowing the progression of chronic kidney disease was the final outcomes of the intervention.
Serum Glucose Variability Increases the Risk of Complications Following Aseptic Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Goh Graham S. , Shohat Noam , Abdelaal Mohammad S. , Small Ilan , Thomas Terence , Ciesielka Kerri-Anne , Parvizi Javad 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Increased serum glucose variability has been proposed as a risk factor for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Given the greater surgical complexity and complication risk of revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA), previous findings may not be generalizable to the revision population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between glucose variability and postoperative complications following aseptic revision TJA.

Methods:
We identified 1,983 patients who underwent an aseptic revision TJA (636 total knee arthroplasties [TKAs] and 1,347 total hip arthroplasties [THAs]) from 2001 to 2019. Patients with ≥2 postoperative glucose values per day or ≥3 values during hospitalization were included in this study. Glucose variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (COV). Outcomes included length of hospital stay, 90-day complications, mortality, and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) as defined by the 2018 International Consensus Meeting criteria. Multivariate regression was used to determine the association between glucose variability and each end point, using COV as continuous and categorical variables (that is, COV tertiles).

Results:
Patients with high glycemic variability were at 1.7 times greater risk for 90-day complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.664 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.266 to 2.188]; p < 0.001) and 2 times greater risk for PJI at a minimum 1-year follow-up (OR, 1.984 [95% CI, 1.270 to 3.100]; p = 0.003). The risk of 90-day complications increased by 2.2% (OR, 1.022 [95% CI, 1.012 to 1.032]; p < 0.001) and the risk of PJI increased by 1.8% (OR, 1.018 [95% CI, 1.003 to 1.034]; p = 0.013) for every percentage-point increase in COV. Patients with higher glucose variability also had a longer length of stay (beta, 1.028 days [95% CI, 0.590 to 1.466 days]; p < 0.001). These associations were independent of age, sex, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, involved joint, operative time, history of diabetes, and mean glucose levels.

Conclusions:
Higher glucose variability was associated with an increased risk of medical complications and PJI following aseptic revision TJA. Patients undergoing these complex procedures should have glucose levels monitored closely in the perioperative period. Future studies should evaluate the utility of continuous glucose monitoring in this high-risk population.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fracture Properties and Their Impacts on Performance in Carbonate Reservoir, Central Block B on the Right Bank of Amu Darya
Authors: Xing Yuzhong , Wang Hongjun , Zhang Liangjie , Chen Pengyu , Yu Wei , Guo Chunqiu , Shi Haidong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Callovian-Oxfordian carbonate reservoir in central Block B on the right bank of Amu Darya is composed of different mechanical and petrophysical layers, where the tectonic fractures have major influences on both the performance and production of the low-permeability reservoir. The development of the tectonic fractures is mainly controlled by the mechanical properties of rocks (e.g., lithology, rock texture, porosity, and shale volume), and the differences in the development of tectonic fractures leading to the high production intervals are restricted preferentially due to fractured mechanical layers. Our study results show that the three main tectonic fracture systems are developed in the Callovian-Oxfordian Stage, including the fracture systems caused by extension movement, compression movement, and fold deformation. Specifically, high-angle extensional fractures and conjugate shear fractures are generally caused by extension movement, which are of small apertures and are mostly fully mineralized and have little impact on fluid flow. Medium- and low-angle extensional fractures as well as conjugate shear fractures are generally caused by compression movement where the strike is nearly parallel to the present-day maximum horizontal stress. These fractures have large aperture and good connectivity with strong flow conductivity of the fluid. However, fewer tectonic fractures are caused by fold deformation. The main properties of natural fractures, such as fracture length, fracture density, fracture aperture, fracture porosity, and stress sensitivity as well as their impacts on the Callovian-Oxfordian reservoir performances, are described herein. We conclude that the tectonic fractures have slight impacts on porosity albeit significant impacts on permeability. Hence, the well placement and well type are optimized under the guidance of the study results.
Late Cretaceous Nature of SW Borneo and Paleo-Pacific Subduction: New Insights from the Granitoids in the Schwaner Mountains
Authors: Qian Xin , Yu Yongqi , Wang Yuejun , Gan Chengshi , Zhang Yuzhi , Asis Junaidi Bin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cretaceous igneous rocks in SW Borneo are significant for investigating the Paleo-Pacific subduction and regional correlation. This paper presents new zircon ages and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–O isotopic and whole-rock geochemical data for the Cretaceous granitoids in the Schwaner Mountains. These granitoid samples yield formation ages of 92–80 Ma and can be geochemically subdivided into Group 1 biotite granite and granodiorite and Group 2 monzogranite. Group 1 has higher εHf t values of +1.2–+14.5 and lower δ18O values of 5.2–6.6‰ than Group 2 with εHf t and δ18O values of −1.5–+5.9 and 6.1–6.6‰, respectively. Group 1 samples show variable εNd t values of −1.9–+1.7, (206Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 18.63–19.29, (207Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 15.62–15.69, and (208Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 38.67–39.49 and are the products of partial melting of newly underplated mafic rocks with a component of crustal rocks. Group 2 with slightly negative εNd t values of −1.1–−1.5 was originated from partial melting of metasedimentary rocks with a juvenile mafic component. These granitoids were formed in a continental arc setting related to the Paleo-Pacific subduction during the Late Cretaceous and can compare with those contemporaneous I-type granites along the Kuching zone in NW Borneo. Those Late Cretaceous granitoids with A-type affinities from the easternmost Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore to the east of Sundaland might be formed in a back-arc extensional setting after the Paleo-Pacific subduction.
Evaluating Web-Based Automatic Transcription for Alzheimer Speech Data: Transcript Comparison and Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Soroski Thomas , da Cunha Vasco Thiago , Newton-Mason Sally , Granby Saffrin , Lewis Caitlin , Harisinghani Anuj , Rizzo Matteo , Conati Cristina , Murray Gabriel , Carenini Giuseppe , Field Thalia S , Jang Hyeju 
Published: July 2022

Background
Speech data for medical research can be collected noninvasively and in large volumes. Speech analysis has shown promise in diagnosing neurodegenerative disease. To effectively leverage speech data, transcription is important, as there is valuable information contained in lexical content. Manual transcription, while highly accurate, limits the potential scalability and cost savings associated with language-based screening.

Objective
To better understand the use of automatic transcription for classification of neurodegenerative disease, namely, Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or subjective memory complaints (SMC) versus healthy controls, we compared automatically generated transcripts against transcripts that went through manual correction.

Methods
We recruited individuals from a memory clinic (“patients”) with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate AD, (n=44, 30%), MCI (n=20, 13%), SMC (n=8, 5%), as well as healthy controls (n=77, 52%) living in the community. Participants were asked to describe a standardized picture, read a paragraph, and recall a pleasant life experience. We compared transcripts generated using Google speech-to-text software to manually verified transcripts by examining transcription confidence scores, transcription error rates, and machine learning classification accuracy. For the classification tasks, logistic regression, Gaussian naive Bayes, and random forests were used.

Results
The transcription software showed higher confidence scores (P<.001) and lower error rates (P>.05) for speech from healthy controls compared with patients. Classification models using human-verified transcripts significantly (P<.001) outperformed automatically generated transcript models for both spontaneous speech tasks. This comparison showed no difference in the reading task. Manually adding pauses to transcripts had no impact on classification performance. However, manually correcting both spontaneous speech tasks led to significantly higher performances in the machine learning models.

Conclusions
We found that automatically transcribed speech data could be used to distinguish patients with a diagnosis of AD, MCI, or SMC from controls. We recommend a human verification step to improve the performance of automatic transcripts, especially for spontaneous tasks. Moreover, human verification can focus on correcting errors and adding punctuation to transcripts. However, manual addition of pauses is not needed, which can simplify the human verification step to more efficiently process large volumes of speech data.
Pharmacological activity of sea cucumber Cucumaria frontosa derived amylase enzyme against blood stream pathogen
Authors: Vijayalakshmi S. , Mohankumar A. 
Published: July 2022

At presently availability of resistance pathogen to numerous drugs is a common feature of hospital-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. So, the present study collect the 80 blood sample from blood cancer patient in Revathi Medical Hospital, Tirupur City for isolating the PA strain from blood sample and confirmed the bacterial strain using standard test method followed by drug susceptibility test for identification of resistant’s. In this study the maximum resistant was recorded in antibiotics Vancomycin 99% and maximum sensitive was observed in antibiotic Levofloxacin 99%. The blood stream infection causing PA plasmid extracted in 19 carcinogenic isolates which was showed more than 50% resistance selected for plasmid isolation. Due to the ability of resistant mechanism present in BSI pathogen the identification of new resources for novel antibiotics used urgently need to carry out a specific task to deal the blood stream infection. Moreover the enzyme especially the amylase have been isolated and purified from marine sea cucumber associated microorganism and the antimicrobial assay was done by using well techniques. The maximum zone of inhibition at 50, 100 and 150µl (, 25mm, 26mm and 16mm, 22mm, 23mm) of amylase extract was observed in the PAVG43,60 isolates. So hence this motto of this research proved the sea cucumber associated extracted amylase enzyme play a major role in the diagnosis of blood stream infection in cancer patients.
Keywords: Blood Stream Infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sea Cucumber, Amylase
Development of Oro-Dispersible Tablet of Meclizine by Using Different Superdisintegrating Agents
Authors: Kumar Anubhav , Jain Ashish , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Singhai Akhlesh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

The proposed study is development of oro-dispersible tablet containing meclizine hydrochloride solid dispersion (FMODDs) formulation with using natural superdisintegrant with direct compression. The superdisintegrants and its concentration shall be during the preparation of FMODDs with meclizine hydrochloride by using direct compression via employing different excipients in different ratio including: superdisintegrants {sodium starch glycolate (SSG), Ac-Di-Sol, crosspovidone (CP), Spray dried lactose and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)} which were used alone and in various combination and mannitol, along with lubricant and glidants. The object of proposed work was preparation of FMODDs with a short disintegration time, sufficient mechanical strength, better patient compliance, and acceptable stability profile by employing different methods of preparation and studying different variables affecting pre and post-compression parameters of formulas of meclizine hydrochloride. The combination of agents have more disintegrating property due to rapid water uptake and dispersion time which lead to rapid release of drug and made the dissolution faster. The results of the release kinetics study showed that all the formulations obeyed first order drug release profile more closely, i.e., the release rate depended upon the initial concentration of drug.
Keywords: Solid dispersion, Oro-dispersible, Fast disintegration, Direct compressed tablet, Meclizine hydrochloride, Superdisintegranting agents
Formulation and evaluation of exfoliating facial scrub containing avocado and almond extract
Authors: Bhise Mrinal Pramod , Dakare Amol Ashok , Bondre Kalyani Nandkumar , Bhosale Karan Somnath , Chile Omkar Prabhakar , Mane Rohan V. 
Published: July 2022

Major objective of present study to be prepared a herbo-mineral facial scrub. Majorly facial skin comes in contact with dirt, pollution, dust particles having large number of dead cells. In order to remove dead cells and make skin healthy, clean, nourished some facial preparation are required. Prepared scrub contains various natural ingredients which are safer for use having fewer side effects. Also they possess antioxidant, anti-aging, humectant properties 1 .This exfoliating facial scrub is prepared by using simple mixing method using various ingredients such as avocado extract, coffee beans, almond oil, carbapol 934, hyaluronic acid, preservatives and perfuming agents also added to this preparation with homogenous mixing. Evaluation of this exfoliating facial scrub includes physical appearance, texture, odour, colour, viscosity, Spreadability and washability. Prepared formulation can be used effectively as it shows good exfoliating property, good scrubbing property. It can be used to make exfoliate, healthy, glowing skin.
Keywords: Exfoliating facial scrub, less side effect, good scrubbing property, glowing skin.