bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic plasticity of mixotrophic algae is key for their persistence in browning environments
Authors: Calderini Marco L. , Salmi Pauliina , Rigaud Cyril , Peltomaa Elina , Taipale Sami J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLight availability is the main regulator of primary production, shaping photosynthetic communities and their production of ecologically important biomolecules. In freshwater ecosystems, increasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, commonly known as browning, leads to lower light availability and the proliferation of mixotrophic phytoplankton. Here, a mixotrophic algal species (Cryptomonassp.) was grown under five increasing DOC concentrations to uncover the plastic responses behind the success of mixotrophs in browning environments and their effect in the availability of nutritionally important biomolecules. In addition to the browning treatments, phototrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth conditions were used as controls. Despite reduced light availability, browning did not impair algal growth compared to phototrophic conditions. Comparative transcriptomics showed that genes related to photosynthesis were down‐regulated, whereas phagotrophy gene categories (phagosome, lysosome and endocytosis) were up‐regulated along the browning gradient. Stable isotope analysis of phospholipid fractions validated these results, highlighting that the studied mixotroph increases its reliance on heterotrophic processes with browning. Metabolic pathway reconstruction using transcriptomic data suggests that organic carbon is acquired through phagotrophy and used to provide energy in conjunction with photosynthesis. Although metabolic responses to browning were observed, essential fatty acid content was similar between treatments while sterol content was slightly higher upon browning. Together, our results provide a mechanistic model of how a mixotrophic alga responds to browning and how such responses affect the availability of nutritionally essential biomolecules for higher trophic levels.
Optimal correction of the public debt and measures of fiscal soundness
Authors: Annicchiarico Barbara , Di Dio Fabio , Patrì Stefano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper derives the optimal response of the primary budget balance to changes in the public debt as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in a stochastic model of debt. Under the optimal solution, the surplus reactivity to the debt‐GDP ratio is independent of the debt ratio itself, but its size depends on the degree of uncertainty surrounding the impact of fiscal policies. We characterize the properties of the optimal control policy by proposing different metrics that may be used to assess fiscal soundness and as early warning indicators of fiscal imbalances.
Efficacy of anterior middle superior alveolar nerve block given by computerized‐controlled local anaesthesia delivery system (CCLAD) in the extraction of maxillary teeth—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kende Prajwalit P. , Sarda Ashish Sunilkumar , Landge Jayant , Meshram Vikas ,   Varthangpuii V., Kri Mrimingsi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the efficacy of computerized‐controlled local anaesthesia delivery (CCLAD) system for extraction of maxillary teeth using the anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block technique in comparison to injection with a self‐aspirating syringe. A randomized, controlled trial with a split‐mouth design was conducted where each study sample (n = 17) was part of two groups. In group E (experimental group), AMSA nerve block was given using the CCLAD system and in group C (control group), AMSA nerve block was given using a self‐aspirating syringe for the extraction of orthodontically indicated maxillary premolar with age ranging from 18 to 25 years. The parameters assessed were pain during needle insertion and solution deposition, the profoundness of anaesthesia, the amount of local anaesthetic (LA) used, and the number of additional injections required. There was a statistically significant difference seen for amount of local anaesthetic used (p = 0.03, p < 0.05). Injection with self‐aspirating syringe was superior in terms of amount of LA used in injection with the CCLAD system. There was no relation between CCLAD and self‐aspirating syringe for the remaining criteria.
Early Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Robot‐Assisted Versus Conventional Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Xu Jiazheng , Li Liangliang , Fu Jun , Xu Chi , Ni Ming , Chai Wei , Hao Libo , Zhang Guoqiang , Chen Jiying 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveRobot‐assisted surgery has been promoted worldwide in recent years. The development of a domestic orthopaedic robot and its clinical application are therefore of great significance. This study aimed to compare the early clinical and radiographic outcomes of domestic robot‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA‐TKA) with conventional manual total knee arthroplasty (CM‐TKA).MethodsA total of 77 patients who underwent primary single‐sided TKA from June to December 2020 were prospectively enrolled; resulting in the inclusion of 72 patients. The patients were randomly divided into the RA‐TKA group (37 cases, with TKA being assisted by the Yuanhua Orthopaedic Robotic System) and the CM‐TKA group (35 cases, with TKA being performed using conventional tools). Knee function was evaluated by the knee range of motion (ROM), the American Knee Society Score (KSS), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Postoperative radiographic results were evaluated by full‐length weight‐bearing X‐rays of the lower limb and anteroposterior and lateral X‐rays of the knee were obtained preoperatively and at 90 days postoperative. The operative duration, blood loss, postoperative knee function, radiographic outcomes, and incidence of complications were compared by Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, or chi‐square test. Serum levels of inflammatory markers before the operation and 1, 3, and 30 days after the operation were recorded and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe operation was significantly longer in the RA‐TKA group than in the CM‐TKA group (154.3 vs 115.2 min, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in blood loss (933 vs 863 ml, p = 0.519) between the two groups. The knee ROM, KSS, and WOMAC were significantly improved in both groups 90 days after the operation compared with before the operation (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis was not statistically different between the two groups. In the radiographic findings at 90 days postoperatively we found the frequency of lateral tibial component (LTC) angle outliers was significantly lower in the RA‐TKA group (3.0% vs 29.4%, p = 0.003). The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly lower in the RA‐TKA group than in the CM‐TKA group on day 1 after surgery (9.9 vs 12.7, p = 0.024).ConclusionsRA‐TKA requires more time than CM‐TKA, which may be related to the learning curve and intraoperative registration. The short‐term postoperative knee functional outcomes had no differences between the two groups, and RA‐TKA improved the accuracy of tibial component alignment. Further follow‐up studies are required to investigate the long‐term outcomes.
Consumer trust in social responsibility communications: The role of supply chain visibility
Authors: Kraft Tim , Valdés León , Zheng Yanchong 
Published: July 2022

Consumers are becoming more knowledgeable about companies' social responsibility (SR) practices. As a result, they are increasingly skeptical when companies do not provide clear information about these practices. One way to overcome this skepticism is to strengthen consumer trust through improved supply chain transparency. To create transparency requires a company to both gain visibility into its supply chain and disclose information to consumers. However, the current SR literature has only focused on the effect of disclosure on consumer trust, while the effect of visibility on trust in SR communications is not well understood. Our work addresses this gap. In this paper, we employ an incentivized human‐subject laboratory experiment, an online vignette study, and causal mediation analysis to investigate the impact of visibility on consumer trust in a company's SR communication, and as a result, its impact on consumers' purchase decisions. To further enhance our understanding of consumer behavior, we examine how consumer heterogeneity and workers' conditions in the upstream supply chain influence our results. We find that increasing visibility always strengthens consumer trust. Also, opportunities exist for a trust‐driven revenue benefit (due to greater visibility) when consumers are highly prosocial or have low general trust beliefs, or when the impact of an SR initiative is small. Our results underscore the crucial role that supply chain visibility plays in engendering consumer trust. Moreover, identifying trust as a mechanism to help explain the effect of visibility on sales of SR products offers actionable insights to improve a company's communication strategies.
Financial globalization and wage inequality
Authors: Pi Jiancai , Zhang Kaiqi , Huang Xiangyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes how financial globalization affects skilled‐unskilled wage inequality. We treat financial globalization as more regions being integrated into the global financial market. We find that a higher degree of financial globalization will decrease skilled‐unskilled wage inequality if it induces a small increase in the capital tax rate. However, a higher degree of financial globalization will increase skilled‐unskilled wage inequality if it induces a big increase in the capital tax rate.
Effects of three neuromuscular electrical stimulation methods on muscle force production and neuromuscular fatigue
Authors: Alahmari Sami K. , Shield Anthony J. , Trajano Gabriel S. 
Published: July 2022

This study compared the acute responses of three neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) methods on muscle torque‐time integral (TTI) and neuromuscular fatigue. Narrow‐pulse (0.2 ms; NP), wide‐pulse (1 ms; WP), and tendon vibration superimposed onto wide‐pulse (WP + VIB)‐NMES conditions were applied to sixteen healthy individuals (n = 16) in three separate sessions in a randomized order. Stimulation intensity was set to elicit 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC); the stimulus pattern comprised four sets of 20 repetitions (5 s On and 5 s Off) with a one‐minute inter‐set interval. TTI was measured for each NMES condition and MVC, voluntary activation (VA), peak twitch torque (Peaktwitch), and peak soleus (EMGSOL), medial (EMGMG), and lateral gastrocnemius (EMGLG) electromyography were measured before and immediately after each NMES condition. TTI was higher during WP + VIB (19.63 ± 6.34 MVC.s, mean difference = 3.66, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.501) than during WP (15.97 ± 4.79 MVC.s) condition. TTI was higher during WP + VIB (mean difference = 3.79, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.626) than during NP (15.84 ± 3.73 MVC.s) condition. MVC and Peaktwitch forces decreased (p ≤ 0.001) immediately after all conditions. No changes were observed for VA (p = 0.365). EMGSOL amplitude reduced (p = 0.040) only after NP, yet EMGLG and EMGMG amplitudes decreased immediately after all conditions (p = 0.003 and p = 0.013, respectively). WP + VIB produced a higher TTI than WP and NP‐NMES, with similar amounts of neuromuscular fatigue across protocols. All NMES protocols induced similar amounts of peripheral fatigue and reduced EMG amplitudes.
Outcomes of bebtelovimab and sotrovimab treatment of solid organ transplant recipients with mild‐to‐moderate coronavirus disease 2019 during the Omicron epoch
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Beam Elena , O'Horo John C. , Seville Maria Teresa , Brumble Lisa , Ganesh Ravindra , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at high‐risk for severe infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Anti‐spike monoclonal antibodies are currently utilized under emergency use authorization to prevent hospitalization in high‐risk individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), including SOTRs. However, clinical data for bebtelovimab, the sole currently available anti‐spike monoclonal antibody for COVID‐19, is limited.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult SOTRs diagnosed with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 from January 2022 through May 2022 who received either bebtelovimab or sotrovimab. The primary outcome was COVID‐19‐related hospitalization within 30 days of COVID‐19 diagnosis. Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact test.ResultsAmong 361 SOTRs, 92 (25.5%) received bebtelovimab and 269 (74.5%) received sotrovimab. The most common organ transplant was a kidney (42.4%). SOTRs who received bebtelovimab had a higher proportion who had received a booster SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose and had received their last vaccination dose more recently. Eleven (3.0%) SOTRs were hospitalized, and rates of hospitalization were similar between monoclonal antibody groups (3.3% versus 3.0%; p > .99). Three patients required admission to an intensive care unit, all of who received sotrovimab. Four (1.1%) patients died within 30 days of COVID‐19 diagnosis, two from each group.ConclusionsSOTRs with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 who received bebtelovimab had similar rates of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization as those who received sotrovimab. While differences in vaccination rates and viral subvariants could act as confounders, bebtelovimab appears to be of similar effectiveness as sotrovimab.
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What drives most jumps in global crude oil prices? Fundamental shortage conditions, cartel, geopolitics or the behaviour of financial market participants
Authors: Selmi Refk , Hammoudeh Shawkat , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have emphasised the potential role of oil price volatility as a leading macroeconomic indicator, since it provides prominent information to energy traders, market participants and policymakers. In an effort to shed fresh insights into the underlying factors of wide oil price changes, the objective of this paper is twofold: First to capture large oil price changes caused by the arrival of surprising news (i.e., jumps); second to distinguish between short‐, medium‐ and long‐term determinants of jumps in oil prices due to changes in oil supply and demand fundamentals, factors associated with the market power of oil producers, speculation, geopolitical risks and OPEC's spare capacity. Using an empirical mode decomposition (EMD), we find that oil supply and demand forces are the most prevalent in determining oil price changes in the long run, which is quite predictable. OPEC gains increasing importance in the medium‐ and long‐terms. Our method also allows us to show that OPEC's use of spare capacity moderately reduces oil price volatility in the short‐term, thus suggesting a limited stabilising influence on the oil market. We consider broader policy implications for our results.
Prediction of Thermoacoustic Instability and Fluid–Structure Interactions for Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Xia Yu , Sharkey Patrick , Verma Ishan , Khaware Alok , Cokljat Davor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work simulates a laboratory-scale three-dimensional methane/air burner, which features a bluff body stabilized, lean partially premixed flame experiencing strong limit cycle oscillations. A thin steel liner is installed around the combustion chamber, which heavily interacts with the flow field and produces large amplitude structural deformation via fluid–structure interaction (FSI). An unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) approach uses the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model and a flamelet generated manifold (FGM) combustion model to predict the thermoacoustic oscillations in the turbulent reacting flow. The solver also has a built-in finite element structure model, which solves the structural governing equations simultaneously with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-computed, finite volume flow equations. This way, a fully coupled, two-way FSI simulation can be performed to predict the thermoacoustic instabilities and the associated solid deformations in the burner. Overall, the predicted strongest pressure oscillation and wall displacement modes (frequency and amplitude) are all in good agreement with the experimental data across different operating conditions. The established workflow may support realistic gas turbine combustor design and prognosis.
Prediction of Rotating Instabilities in Low Pressure Steam Turbines Operating at Low Load
Authors: Pütz Oliver 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Due to the increasing need for operational flexibility nowadays, the low-pressure (LP) steam turbine might face widely variable operation conditions up to extreme low volume flow situations. Hereby, rotating instabilities (RIS), well known from compressor aerodynamics, can initiate nonsynchronous blade excitations, which can lead to increased vibrations of the last stage moving blade (L-0R). This paper describes a numerical method able to be used in an applicable way for blade designing. To judge the onset and the shape of RIS, a numerical approach based on a transient three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes flow computation of the single passage L-1 stage, a full row L-0 stage, and an axis-symmetric diffuser was established. Mesh size, solver settings, etc., were optimized to reduce the computational effort without losing prediction accuracy. The dominant harmonic compound of a spatial Fourier transform of all monitored L-0R blade forces over the blade row's circumference reveals the stall cell count and excitation amplitude for each time-step. The transient change of the corresponding phase lag provided the stall cell speed and, multiplied with the stall cell count, the excitation frequency. Their distribution over decreasing flow rates finally displays the likely onset of RIS. The approach is capable to run the analyses of several load conditions within a couple of days and was successfully validated using measured blade tip deflections and unsteady pressure probes in multistage test turbines. Furthermore, it is shown that the approach can be used to find LP blade designs, where the effects of RIS can be significantly suppressed.
TURBODYNA: A Generic One-Dimensional Dynamic Simulator for Radial Turbomachinery
Authors: Yang Bijie , Shu Mengying , Martinez-Botas Ricardo , Yang Mingyang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe turbocharged piston-driven engines are widely used in high altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (HALE UAVs). Repeated actions of engine pistons and valves give rise to engine pulsations resulting in intensive unsteady flows in the turbocharger. One-dimensional (1-D) modeling, which is computationally effective, plays a crucial role in evaluating turbocharger performance and conducting turbocharger-engine matching under pulsating conditions. The present work introduces a newly developed 1-D software (TURBODYNA) for the sake of improving traditional 1-D modeling's accuracy and generality. The advantages and capabilities of TURBODYNA are illustrated by applying it to three different and typical sorts of turbocharger applications: the single-entry turbine, the twin-entry turbine, and the centrifugal compressor. The unsteady testing conditions include high frequent pressure pulses for the single-entry turbine, out-of-phase pressure pulses for the twin-entry turbine, and rotating stall and surge for the centrifugal compressor. Results show that, by contrast to traditional 1-D modelings, the current 1-D modeling has achieved exceptional improvements in both accuracy and applicability. The novel and powerful tool provides a solid framework for assessing turbocharger unsteady performances and addressing turbocharger-engine matching.
Accelerated Solder Interconnect Testing Under Electromigratory and Mechanical Strain Conditions
Authors: Montazeri Mahsa , Vinson Whit M. , Huitink David R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Continuous power density increases and interconnect scaling in electronic packages raises risk of electromigration (EM) induced failures in high current interconnects. Concurrently, thermal cycling fatigue also places interconnects at risk of reliability failure during electronics' operating lifetime. These two differing failure mechanisms are historically treated separately, but in operation, the combination of EM effects and thermal cycling can act synchronously in accelerating failure. Presently, there is no model to predict the complexity of reliability estimation arising from these interacting failure modes but is certainly important for high current density applications. In this work, a novel testing system has been employed to facilitate the estimation of the reliability of solder interconnects under the combined influence of EM and mechanical strain. The system subjects solder interconnects to high current density, elevated ambient temperature, and a constant tensile stress while recording the change in electrical resistance and change in length of the solder over time. The solder samples were created using two copper wires connected by a eutectic Pb/Sn solder ball to imitate flip-chip or BGA packaging interconnects, allowing for controlled testing conditions in order to demonstrate the combined effects of a mechanical load and EM on the lifetime of a solder joint. A significant reduction in lifetime was observed for samples that endured the coupled accelerating factors. Comparing the experimental results of different current densities at different stress levels provided a new outlook on the nature of coupled failure acceleration in solders. This novel test methodology can inform model generation for better anticipating the failure rate of solder interconnects which naturally experience multiple stress inputs during their lifetime.
Contact Unloading Behaviors of Elastic-Power-Law Strain Hardening Material Considering Indenter Elasticity Effect
Authors: Chen Chuanqing , Wang Qiao , Wang Hui , Ding Huaiping , Hu Wei , Xie Wenhao , Weng Panpan , Jiang Liang , Yin Xiaochun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Both strain hardening and indenter elastic deformation are unavoidable in most engineering contacts. By the finite element (FE) method, this paper investigates the unloading behavior of elastic-power-law strain hardening half-space frictionlessly indented by elastic sphere for systematic materials. The effects of indenter elasticity on the unloading curve, cavity profile during unloading, and residual indentation of strain hardening contact are analyzed. The unloading curve is observed to follow a power-law relationship, whose exponent is sensitive to strain hardening but independent upon indenter elastic deformation. The indenter elasticity hugely affects the residual indentation of strain hardening materials. Based on the power-law relationship of the unloading curve and the expression of the residual indentation fitted from the FE data, an innovative contact unloading law of strain hardening materials considering the indenter elasticity effect is developed. Its suitability is validated both numerically and experimentally by strain hardening materials contacted by elastic indenter or rigid flat.