bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of new management practices on arable and field margin plant communities in sunflower, with an emphasis on the abundance of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae)
Authors: Fried Guillaume , Le Corre Valérie , Rakotoson Tiana , Buchmann Julie , Germain Thomas , Gounon Rémi , Royer Hélène , Biju‐Duval Luc , Felten Emeline , Vieren Eric , Chauvel Bruno 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSome troublesome weeds such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia have led farmers to adopt herbicide‐tolerant varieties (HTVs) in cultivated sunflower fields. Agricultural practices associated with the use of HTVs have raised concerns among public authorities, prompting the recommendation to monitor the potential effects of HTVs on biodiversity. In this context, we surveyed the vegetation of 239 sunflower fields and their margins in three French regions between 2017 and 2019, with a specific focus on A. artemisiifolia. We collected information on 21 explanatory variables covering agricultural practices, landscape factors, and spatiotemporal data. Herbicide‐tolerant varieties fields were associated with lower weed diversity but similar field margin community diversity. This lower weed diversity can be attributed to the greater use of herbicides and shorter crop rotations, whereas landscape factors may be more important for the diversity in field margins. Conventional fields with traditional varieties showed lower abundance of A. artemisiifolia compared with organic fields and HTV fields. A. artemisiifolia abundance was higher in the most infested region, in fields with a high proportion of sunflower crops in the crop rotation, late sowing dates, high numbers of hoeing operations, and high numbers of post‐emergence treatments. We interpreted the association of hoeing and HTV use with a high abundance of A. artemisiifolia as a response to weed infestation rather than its cause. In conclusion, no unintended effects of HTVs were found in field margins, but practices associated with HTVs lead to lower weed community diversity and HTV fields had still high A. artemisiifolia abundance after weed control.
Large-Scale Modeling of Damage and Failure of Nuclear Graphite Moderated Reactor
Authors: Farrokhnia Ahmadreza , Jivkov Andrey P. , Hall Graham , Mummery Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The UK Advanced Gas-Cooled reactors (AGRs) have cores made of graphite bricks with dual functions: as structural elements of the core, providing space for and separating fuel and control rods; and as moderator of the nuclear reaction. Nuclear graphite is a quasi-brittle material, where the dominant mechanism for failure is cracking. While cracking of isolated bricks is expected due to operation-induced changes in graphite microstructure and stress fields, these could be tolerated as far as the overall structural function of the core is maintained. Assessment of the whole core behavior has been previously done with whole scale models where bricks have been considered as rigid body elements connected by elastic-brittle springs. This approach does not allow for the realistic assessment of the stresses in the bricks and associated brick cracking. Reported here are results from an ongoing project, which addresses this shortcoming. The proposed model uses deformable bricks with appropriate interactions, allowing for physically realistic whole core analysis. The results are focused on the damage that a graphite moderated reactor develops during a life cycle, how this affects the behavior of the whole core, and how changes in bricks' behavior impacts the core integrity. The proposed methodology is a major step toward high-fidelity assessment of AGRs' fitness for service, required for supporting continuous safe operation and life-extension decisions.
Buckling Behavior of Thick Porous Functionally Graded Material Toroidal Shell Segments Under External Pressure and Elevated Temperature Including Tangential Edge Restraint
Authors: Long Vu Thanh , Van Tung Hoang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to mathematical and geometrical complexities, there is an evident lack of stability analyses of thick closed shell structures with porosity. Based on an effective analytical approach, for the first time, simultaneous effects of porosities, elasticity of edge constraint, and surrounding elastic media on the buckling resistance capacity of thick functionally graded material (FGM) toroidal shell segments (TSSs) subjected to external pressure, elevated temperature, and combined thermomechanical loads are investigated in this paper. The volume fractions of constituents are varied across the thickness according to power law functions, and effective properties of the FGM are determined using a modified rule of mixture. The porosities exist in the FGM through even and uneven distributions. Governing equations are based on a higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) taking into account interactive pressure from surrounding elastic media. These equations are analytically solved and closed-form expressions of buckling loads are derived adopting the two-term form of deflection along with Galerkin method. Parametric studies indicate that the porosities have beneficial and deteriorative influences on the buckling resistance capacity of thermally loaded and pressure-loaded porous FGM TSSs, respectively. Furthermore, tangential constraints of edges lower the buckling resistance capacity of the shells, especially at elevated temperatures.
Finite Element Analysis Model-Based Cautious Automatic Optimal Shape Control for Fuselage Assembly
Authors: Zhong Zhen , Mou Shancong , Hunt Jeffrey H. , Shi Jianjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In a half fuselage assembly process, shape control is vital for achieving ultra-high-precision assembly. To achieve better shape adjustment, we need to determine the optimal location and force of each actuator to push or pull a fuselage to compensate for its initial shape distortion. The current practice achieves this goal by solving a surrogate model-based optimization problem. However, there are two limitations of this surrogate model-based method: (1) low efficiency: collecting training data for surrogate modeling from many finite element analysis (FEA) replications is time-consuming; (2) non-optimality: The required number of FEA replications for building an accurate surrogate model will increase as the potential number of actuator locations increases. Therefore, the surrogate model can only be built on a limited number of prespecified potential actuator locations, which will lead to suboptimal control results. To address these issues, this paper proposes an FEA model-based automatic optimal shape control (AOSC) framework. This method directly loads the system equation from the FEA simulation platform to determine the optimal location and force of each actuator. Moreover, the proposed method further integrates the cautious control concept into the AOSC system to address model uncertainties in practice. The case study with industrial settings shows that the proposed Cautious AOSC method achieves higher control accuracy compared to the current industrial practice.
A Reduced and Linearized High Fidelity Waveboard Multibody Model for Stability Analysis
Authors: Agúndez A. G. , García-Vallejo D. , Freire E. , Mikkola A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the robustness of a recently validated linearization approach is demonstrated with the linear stability analysis of a waveboard, a human-propelled two-wheeled vehicle consisting in two rotatable platforms, joined by a torsion bar and supported on two caster wheels. A multibody model with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints is used to describe the system. The nonlinear equations of motion, which constitute a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAE system), are linearized along the steady forward motion. With this approach, the minimal set of linearized equations of motion of the waveboard multibody model with toroidal wheels is derived. The procedure enables the generation of the Jacobian matrix in terms of the geometric and dynamic parameters of the multibody system, and the eigenvalues of the system are parameterized in terms of the design parameters. The resulting minimum set of linear equations leads to the elimination of null eigenvalues, while retaining all the stability information in spite of the reduction of the Jacobian matrix. The linear stability results of the waveboard obtained in previous work are validated with this approach. The procedure shows an excellent computational efficiency with the waveboard, its utilization being highly advisable to linearize the equations of motion of complex constrained multibody systems.
Impact of Social Media on Intention to Purchase Pay-Per-View and Event Attendance: The Case of the Ultimate Fighting Championship
Authors: Kim Andrew , Kim Minhong , Salaga Steven , Zhang James J. 
Published: January 2022

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) utilizes a unique pay-per-view (PPV) product distribution structure, and relies heavily on social media to promote its events. Yet, no research has examined how UFC fans’ social media motivation influences their consumption. Using uses and gratifications theory and a mixed-method design, this study qualitatively explored the themes of UFC fans’ social media motivations and identified five themes (i.e., information, convenience, social interaction, entertainment, and economic). Based on these themes, this study developed the Scale of Social Media Motivation through quantitative analyses and further investigated how Scale of Social Media Motivation factors would affect consumption behavior by incorporating fan identification as a mediator. The findings revealed that the factors were positively associated with purchase intentions when fan identification serves as a partial mediator. Discussions are focused on utilizing the social media motivation factors and nurturing fan identification to promote UFC consumption.
Training-Load Management in Rhythmic Gymnastics: Practices and Perceptions of Coaches, Medical Staff, and Gymnasts
Authors: Debien Paula B. , Timoteo Thiago F. , Gabbett Tim J. , Bara Filho Maurício G. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:This study described and analyzed practices and perceptions of rhythmic gymnastics coaches, medical staff, and athletes on training-load management.Methods:Online surveys were distributed among professionals and gymnasts involved in rhythmic gymnastics training across the world. One hundred (50 coaches, 12 medical staff, and 38 gymnasts) participants from 25 different countries completed the surveys.Results:Respondents stated using coaches’ perception on a daily basis as a method of monitoring external (57%) and internal (58%) load, recovery/fatigue (52%), and performance (64%). Variables and methods (eg, wearable devices, athlete self-reported measures, session rating of perceived exertion), and metrics (eg, acute and chronic load) commonly reported in the training-load literature and other sports were not frequently used in rhythmic gymnastics. The majority of coaches (60.3% [17%]) perceived that maladaptation rarely or never occurred. Medical staff involvement in sharing and discussing training-load information was limited, and they perceived that the measurement of athletes’ recovery/fatigue was poor. Gymnasts noted good quality in relation to the measurement of performance. Most participants (≥85%) believed that a specific training-load management model for rhythmic gymnastics could be very or extremely effective.Conclusions:In conclusion, rhythmic gymnastics coaches’ perception is the most commonly used strategy to monitor load, recovery/fatigue, and performance; although, this could be a limited method to guarantee effective training-load management in this sport.
The Numidian sand event in the Burdigalian foreland basin system of the Rif, Morocco, in a source-to-sink perspective
Authors: Abbassi Anas , Cipollari Paola , Fellin M.G. , Zaghloul M.N. , Guillong Marcel , El Mourabet Mohamed , Cosentino Domenico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the Tertiary evolution of the Western Mediterranean subduction system, a migrating foreland basin system developed between the Maghrebian orogenic belt and the adjacent African Craton. However, a comprehensive reconstruction of the foreland basin systems of the Rif Chain is still missing. By integrating field observations with quantitative biostratigraphic data from calcareous nannofossil assemblages, sandstone composition, and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology from selected stratigraphic successions, we reconstruct the foreland basin system that developed in the early Miocene in front of the growing Rif orogen. The successions analyzed are representative of (1) the classical “Numidian Facies” from the Intrarifian Tanger Unit and (2) the Numidian-like deposits (mixed successions) of the “Mérinides Facies” from the “Maghrebian Flysch Basin” and the “Beliounis Facies” from the Predorsalian Unit. Our petrographic analyses and detrital zircon U-Pb ages show that the quartzarenites of the “Numidian Facies” originated from the African Craton, whereas the sublitharenites and feldspathic litharenites from the Mérinides and Beliounis Facies originated from a cratonic area and the exhuming Rif Chain.Our biostratigraphic analyses suggest a simultaneous arrival of the quartz grains in the Numidian, Mérinides, and Beliounis deposits, which indicates that their deposition occurred at ~1 m.y. (ca. 20–19 Ma, early Burdigalian) and allows us to delineate the early Burdigalian foreland basin system of the Rif Chain. The foreland depozone received the “Numidian Facies,” the foredeep-hosted ~2000 m of the “Mérinides Facies” and the Beni Ider Flysch, whereas the wedge-top depozone was characterized by deposition of the “Beliounis Facies.”The Numidian Sandstones and the Numidian-like deposits analyzed in Morocco show the same age as similar deposits from Algeria, Tunisia, and Sicily, which suggests a comparable early Burdigalian tectono-sedimentary evolution along the southern branch of the Western Mediterranean subduction-related orogen.
Association of progressive optic disc tilt with development of retinal nerve fibre layer defect in children with large cup-to-disc ratio
Authors: Ha Ahnul , Baek Sung Uk , Kim Jin-Soo , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho , Kim Young Kook 
Published: January 2022

Background/aimsWhereas myopic optic disc deformation has been posited as a risk factor for glaucomatous damage, longitudinal studies evaluating their association have been sparse. We investigated whether the optic nerve head (ONH)’s morphological alteration during myopia progression play any role in development of retinal nerve fibre layer defect (RNFLD) in children with a large vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR).MethodsSixty-five normotensive eyes of 65 children aged under 8 years with (1) vCDR ≥0.5 but no additional signs of glaucoma and (2) who could be tracked at young adulthood (18–28 years) were included. Children’s spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure, vCDR and optic disc tilt ratio were recorded. Rare events logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with RNFLD-development risk.ResultsThe study group’s mean age was 5.4±1.3 years, its average vCDR was 0.62±0.07, and the average SE was −0.3±1.4 dioptres ((D), range −3.15 to 2.75D) at the baseline. After an average follow-up of 16.1±3.0 years, the mean vCDR was 0.64±0.09, and the mean SE, −3.2±2.2D (range −7.25 to 0.00 D). Among the 65 eyes, 12 (18.5%) developed RNFLD. A greater SE change (OR=1.737, p=0.016) and a greater increase in tilt ratio (OR=2.364, p=0.002) were both significantly associated with higher RNFLD-development risk.ConclusionIn this cohort of Korean children with large vCDR, progressive optic disc tilt in the course of myopia progression was associated with higher RNFLD-development risk. This finding suggests that morphological alterations in the ONH during axial elongation might represent an underlying susceptibility to glaucomatous damage in large-vCDR children.
Reassessing the evidence for universal school-age BCG vaccination in England and Wales: re-evaluating and updating a modelling study
Authors: Abbott Sam , Christensen Hannah , Brooks-Pollock Ellen 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesIn 2005, England and Wales switched from universal BCG vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) disease for school-age children to targeted vaccination of neonates. We aimed to recreate and re-evaluate a previously published model, the results of which informed this policy change.DesignWe recreated an approach for estimating the impact of ending the BCG schools scheme, correcting a methodological flaw in the model, updating the model with parameter uncertainty and improving parameter estimates where possible. We investigated scenarios for the assumed annual decrease in TB incidence rates considered by the UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and explored alternative scenarios using notification data.SettingEngland and Wales.Outcome measuresThe number of vaccines needed to prevent a single notification and the average annual additional notifications caused by ending the policy change.ResultsThe previously published model was found to contain a methodological flaw and to be spuriously precise. It greatly underestimated the impact of ending school-age vaccination compared with our updated, corrected model. The updated model produced predictions with wide CIs when parameter uncertainty was included. Model estimates based on an assumption of an annual decrease in TB incidence rates of 1.9% were closest to those estimated using notification data. Using this assumption, we estimate that 1600 (2.5; 97.5% quantiles: 1300, 2000) vaccines would have been required to prevent a single notification in 2004.ConclusionsThe impact of ending the BCG schools scheme was found to be greater than previously thought when notification data were used. Our results highlight the importance of independent evaluations of modelling evidence, including uncertainty, and evaluating multiple scenarios when forecasting the impact of changes in vaccination policy.
‘When will this end? Will it end?’ The impact of the March–June 2020 UK COVID-19 lockdown response on mental health: a longitudinal survey of mothers in the Born in Bradford study
Authors: Dickerson Josie , Kelly Brian , Lockyer Bridget , Bridges Sally , Cartwright Christopher , Willan Kathryn , Shire Katy , Crossley Kirsty , Bryant Maria , Siddiqi Najma , Sheldon Trevor A , Lawlor Deborah A , Wright John , McEachan Rosemary RC , Pickett Kate E 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo explore clinically important increases in depression/anxiety from before to during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown and factors related to this change, with a particular focus on ethnic differences.DesignPre-COVID-19 and lockdown surveys nested within two longitudinal Born in Bradford cohort studies.Participants1860 mothers with a child aged 0–5 or 9–13, 48% Pakistani heritage.Main outcome measuresORs for a clinically important increase (5 points or more) in depression (eight item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8)) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7)) in unadjusted regression analyses, repeated with exposures of interest separated by ethnicity to look for differences in magnitude of associations, and lived experience of mothers captured in open text questions.ResultsThe number of women reporting clinically important depression/anxiety increased from 11% to 20% (95% CI 10%–13%; 18%–22%) and from 10% to 16% (95% CI 8%–11%; 15%–18%), respectively. Increases in depression/anxiety were associated with loneliness (OR=8.37, 95% CI 5.70 to 12.27; 8.50, 95% CI 5.71 to 12.65, respectively); financial (6.23, 95% CI 3.96 to 9.80; 6.03, 95% CI 3.82 to 9.51), food (3.33, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.28; 3.46, 95% CI 2.15 to 5.58) and housing insecurity (3.29, 95% CI 2.36 to 4.58; 3.0, 95% CI 2.11 to 4.25); a lack of physical activity (3.13, 95% CI 2.15 to 4.56; 2.55, 95% CI 1.72 to 3.78); and a poor partner relationship (3.6, 95% CI 2.44 to 5.43; 5.1, 95% CI 3.37 to 7.62). The magnitude of associations between key exposures and worsening mental health varied between ethnic groups.Responses to open text questions illustrated a complex interplay of challenges contributing to mental ill health including: acute health anxieties; the mental load of managing multiple responsibilities; loss of social support and coping strategies; pressures of financial and employment insecurity; and being unable to switch off from the pandemic.ConclusionsMental ill health has worsened for many during the COVID-19 lockdown, particularly in those who are lonely and economically insecure. The magnitude of associations between key exposures and worsening mental health varied between ethnic groups. Mental health problems may have longer term consequences for public health and interventions that address the potential causes are needed.
Association between long-term oxygen therapy provided outside the guidelines and mortality in patients with COPD
Authors: Alexandre Francois , Molinier Virginie , Hayot Maurice , Chevance Guillaume , Moullec Gregory , Varray Alain , Héraud Nelly 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionHypoxaemia is a frequent complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To prevent its consequences, supplemental oxygen therapy is recommended by international respiratory societies. However, despite clear recommendations, some patients receive long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), while they do not meet prescription criteria. While evidence suggests that acute oxygen supply at high oxygenation targets increases COPD mortality, its chronic effects on COPD mortality remain unclear. Thus, the study will aim to evaluate through a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD-MA), the association of LTOT prescription outside the guidelines on survival over time in COPD.MethodsSystematic review and IPD-MA will be conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses IPD guidelines. Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, OpenGrey and BioRxiv/MedRxix) will be scanned to identify relevant studies (cohort of stable COPD with arterial oxygen tension data available, with indication of LTOT filled out at the moment of the study and with a survival follow-up). The anticipated search dates are January–February 2022. The main outcome will be the association between LTOT and time to all-cause mortality according to hypoxaemia severity, after controlling for potential covariates and all available clinical characteristics. Quantitative data at the level of the individual patient will be used in a one-step approach to develop and validate a prognostic model with a Cox regression analysis. The one-step IPD-MA will be conducted to study the association and the moderators of association between supplemental oxygen therapy and mortality. Multilevel survival analyses using Cox-mixed effects models will be performed.Ethics and disseminationAs a protocol for a systematic review, a formal ethics committee review is not required. Only studies with institutional approval from an ethics committee and anonymised IPD will be included. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations in conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209823.