bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Trends of the European Development Cooperation with Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Shamsa Nawaz  
Published: May 2022

A partnership plan for the Horizon 2020 programme was finalised between the European Union (EU) delegation and Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF) visiting Pakistan in November 2017. Aimed at promoting a more binding single market for research, innovation and knowledge, the Horizon 2020 is basically a financial instrument. It is a flagship initiative to secure Europe’s global competitiveness by steering economic growth and to help generate more opportunities for employment. The programme also anchors on a unanimous keystone for cooperation by both the European leaders and members of the European Parliament. Pakistan and the EU have always celebrated cordial political, economic and trade relations. As one of Pakistan’s largest trading partners and the biggest market for the Pakistani exports, the EU-Pakistan trade reached €10.49 billion in 2015.[1] Since January 2014, Pakistan has also benefitted from the EU’s Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) and its exports to the EU are encouraged even further. However, with the shifting political paradigms in the post-Brexit period and the rise of the right-wing nationalist/populist syndrome, Brussels is changing. Amidst rising economic crisis and growing terrorism, solutions look dim or problems would at least take time to faint. The future shape and character of the EU are in question. The EU’s insistence to help Pakistan with its aim of supporting on its path towards inclusive and sustainable growth needs revamping. Pakistan’s five major priority areas of governance, local development, economic growth and trade, humanitarian assistance and regional cooperation are significantly dependent upon the support of the EU.
Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrates on Insulin Resistance in Older Adults Who Underwent Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Choi Yong Seon , Cho Byung Woo , Kim Hye Jin , Lee Yong Suk , Park Kwan Kyu , Lee Bora 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Preoperative carbohydrate drinks are recommended to reduce fasting time before surgery. Older adults are at risk of pulmonary aspiration and hyperglycemia after consuming carbohydrate drinks because of increased insulin resistance and delayed gastric emptying. We investigated the effects of oral carbohydrate drinks on perioperative insulin resistance, metabolic responses, and gastric volume in older adults.

Methods:
Fifty-six patients (aged more than 65 years) were randomly assigned to the control or carbohydrate (CHO) group. The CHO group received 400 mL of a carbohydrate drink 2 to 3 hours before anesthesia. The control group was allowed clear fluid intake 2 hours before anesthesia. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured before intake of the carbohydrate drink and 1 hour postoperatively. Gastric volume was measured before spinal anesthesia. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance.

Results:
Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was not different between the control and CHO groups preoperatively (2.5 versus 3.3, P = 0.156) or postoperatively (2.6 versus 2.4, P = 0.817). Preoperative gastric volume was comparable between the control and CHO groups (35.5 versus 30.8 mL, P = 0.696).

Discussion:
Preoperative oral consumption of carbohydrates did not affect insulin resistance or gastric volume in older adults undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty. Preoperative carbohydrate loading is safe in older adults undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty.

Data Availability:
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT04206189).
Associations of Smoking With Delirium and Opioid Use in Older Adults With Traumatic Hip Fracture
Authors: Salottolo Kristin , Meinig Richard , Fine Landon , Kelly Michael , Madayag Robert , Ekengren Francie , Tanner Allen , Bar-Or David 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for hip fractures, while risk factors for developing delirium include older age and preexisting cognitive impairment. We sought to determine whether smoking status is independently associated with delirium and pain outcomes.

Methods:
This was a prospective, observational cohort study of 442 older adults (65 to 90 years) admitted for traumatic hip fracture at five trauma centers. The primary exposure was smoking status (n = 43, 10%). Additional risk factors included demographics, injury characteristics, and medical interventions. Delirium (primary) and analgesia-related complications were examined with multivariable logistic regression, while analysis of covariance models were used to examine preoperative and postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents).

Results:
Smokers had significantly worse outcomes compared with nonsmokers: delirium incidence was 16.3% versus 5.0% (adjusted odds ratio, 4.23; P = 0.005), analgesia complications developed in 30.2% versus 14.8% (adjusted odds ratio, 2.63; P = 0.01), and postoperative opioid consumption was greater (53 mg versus 33 mg, adjusted P = 0.04). Adjusted pain scores were not different between groups.

Discussion:
Smoking status is associated with markedly worse outcomes in older adults with traumatic hip fracture. Smoking status should be considered in pain management protocols and for early screening and delirium prevention methods.

Data availability:
On reasonable request.
APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE J. M. RUGENDAS E CESAR AIRA EM UM ACONTECIMENTO NA VIDA DO PINTO-VIAJANTE
Authors: Capaverde Tatiana da Silva 
Published: May 2022

Um acontecimento na vida do pintor-viajante (2000), de Cesar Aira, retrata a passagem dos pintores alemães Johann Moritz Rugendas e Robert Krause por Chile e Mendoza (Argentina) em dezembro de 1837. A narrativa usa como base a correspondência do pintor Rugendas e se propõe, para além do relato de viagem, promover o debate metaficcional das relações entre arte e suas formas de representação. Nesse caminho interpretativo é possível destacar a estética de vanguarda como ponto de convergência entre Rugendas e Cesar Aira, já que os dois artistas adotam o procedimento como ponto central no processo de criação artística e entendem as produções como documentação que evidencia o ato da invenção.

Palavras-chave: Vanguarda. Invenção. Procedimento criativo. Metaficção.
CORPOS (NÃO) HUMANOS EM SACRIFÍCIO: AS PERSPECTIVAS TRANSUMANAS E OS LIMITES ÉTICOS NA OBRA NÃO ME ABANDONE JAMAIS, DE KAZUO ISHIGURO
Authors: Marks de Marques Eduardo , Adamy Basso Eugênia 
Published: May 2022

Na busca da superação dos limites naturais humanos, o transumanismo compreende que a tecnologia pode auxiliar na remodelagem desses indivíduos a fim de desenvolver pós-humanos cognitiva, emocional e fisicamente melhorados. Em Não me abandone jamais, o internato de Hailsham é um espaço de exílio para clones que vivem à parte da sociedade inglesa do final da década de 1990. Na distopia, o uso de clones como meros doadores de órgãos é justificado como meio essencial para a cura de moléstias graves e tidas até então como incuráveis – a exemplo, o câncer. Sendo assim, este trabalho busca uma reflexão sobre o que é ser humano e quais os limites da ética quando movimentos transumanos marginalizam corpos em prol de outros.

Palavras-chave: Transumanismo, Distopia. Humano. Clones. Corpos.
NOTAS SOBRE A POÉTICA DIAGRAMÁTICA DE JIM ROSENBERG EM DIAGRAMS SERIES 6
Authors: Carvalho Pereira Vinícius 
Published: May 2022

Desde 1966, o artista Jim Rosenberg desenvolve experimentos na interface entre poesia e outras mídias, dentre os quais destacamos seus poemas-diagrama, isto é, composições poéticas permeadas por recursos notacionais esquemáticos. Analisamos aqui o poema “#1”, da Diagrams Series 6, atentando para como códigos diagramáticos são transformados em materiais poéticos por Rosenberg, convidando-nos a ler de maneira hiperconectada suas lexias verbais, não obstante a profusão informacional da interface, repleta de linhas, formas geométricas e sobreposições de palavras. Para tanto, adotamos como lentes analíticas proposições teóricas sobre a literatura como campo inespecífico (GARRAMUÑO, 2014), o sublime tecnológico (COSTA, 1995), o estatuto indicial dos diagramas (PIGNATARI, 2004) e a visualização de informação (DRUCKER, 2014).

Palavras-chave: Poemas-diagrama. Inespecificidade. Sublime tecnológico. Semiótica.
DE PACIFISTA A TERRORISTA: UM ESCRITOR CONTRA O LEVIATÃ
Authors: Coelho Lilian Reichert 
Published: May 2022

Este texto apresenta uma leitura do romance contemporâneo Leviatã, publicado pelo escritor estadunidense Paul Auster em 1992. A questão central que orienta o trabalho consiste na interrogação que o próprio narrador-protagonista se faz ao longo do romance sobre como um escritor pacifista torna-se um ativista/terrorista. Com isso, também notamos o discurso de Auster sobre o contexto e a política dos Estados Unidos num período que compreende os anos 1950 até o início dos anos 1990. O argumento defendido reside na percepção de que o sucedido ao personagem Sachs se revela como afirmação sobre a impossibilidade de abertura para outro mundo a partir da ação direta de um indivíduo contra o Estado em sua feição contemporânea, restando ao insurgente que age como solitário apenas a morte. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se que Sachs não pode ser considerado um “desobediente civil”.

Palavras-chave: Literatura Norte-Americana. Literatura Contemporânea. Paul Auster. Literatura e política.
VOLTAR AO REAL (UMA VEZ MAIS)? MANUEL DE FREITAS DEPOIS DE JOAQUIM MANUEL MAGALHÃES
Authors: Menezes Roberto Bezerra de 
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo se propõe a aprofundar o estudo das relações que Manuel de Freitas busca estabelecer com a poética de Joaquim Manuel Magalhães. Para isso, é feita a retomada da discussão sobre a proeminência do real para os poetas da década de 1970, em contraposição aos ditames preceituados pelos representantes da Poesia 61, seguida de análise de poemas de Manuel de Freitas, partindo do livro Game over, em que esse diálogo é deveras patente. Apoiamo-nos em vasta crítica de poesia portuguesa moderna e contemporânea, nomeadamente Rosa Martelo, Manuel Gusmão, Eduardo Prado Coelho, João Barrento, Luís Miguel Nava, António Ramos Rosa, entre outros.

Palavras-chave: Poesia portuguesa. Real. Crítica de poesia.
Бүс нутгийн бүсшил нь даяаршлын нэг хэсэг үү эсвэл түүний альтернатив уу?
Authors: Б Билэгжаргал 
Published: May 2022

Бүс нутгийн бүсшил болон даяаршлын талаар судлаачид ямар байр суурьтай байдаг мөн эдгээр хоёр үйл явцын нийтлэг болон ялгаатай шинж чанаруудыг авч үзлээ.

Is Regionalization A Part of Globalization or an Alternative to It?
Abstract: This article deals with the regionalization and the globalization, researchers points of view concerning these two terms and tries to find out common and different features of these two processes.
DOIS LADOS DAS PARCERIAS PÚBLICO-PRIVADAS SOB O MODELO PROCESSUAL DE ANÁLISE
Authors: Rosa Ivaldo Ramos 
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo, abordaremos o tema parcerias público-privadas (PPPs). Inicialmente, apresentaremos as nuances em torno de seu conceito. Em seguida, ele falará sobre a classificação que estes têm e o estabelecido pelo regulamento. Em seguida, detalhará as fases das PPPs, focando especificamente em algumas delas. Por fim, falará sobre os atores envolvidos em PPPs, com exemplo de casos nacionais, de acordo com cada uma de suas fases, dando exemplos de casos nacionais ao longo do artigo sob o modelo processual de análise.
The impact of pain and nocturnal cramps on sleep quality in Charcot Marie Tooth disease: a case-control study
Authors: Souza Cynthia Coelho , Vallim Julia Ribeiro da Silva , Neves Eduardo Luis de Aquino , Nunes Paula Santos , Costa Iandra Maria Pinheiro de França , Barreto Lidiane Carine Lima Santos , Garcez Catarina Andrade , Araujo Adriano Antunes de Souza 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an inherited neuropathy that presents two main forms - type 1 and type 2 -, differentiated by the speed of the nervous conduction. Our goal was to assess sleep in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and its relationship with pain perception and nocturnal cramps.
Material and Methods: This was a case-control study. The case group was composed of 10 volunteers diagnosed with the type 1 and 23 with the type 2. The control group was composed of 22 individuals from the same family matched by age and gender. Volunteers underwent clinical screening to assess the presence of nocturnal cramps and filled the brief pain inventory, the Chalder fatigue scale, the Epworth sleepiness scale, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Sleep was evaluated by actigraphy.
Results: Type 2 patients presented a more severe perception of pain and fatigue, more time spend awake after sleep onset, and had lower sleep efficiency. The individuals who reported nocturnal cramps also had worse perception of pain, reduced sleep latency, and increased sleep fragmentation.
Conclusion: The Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 was related with worse sleep quality, perception of pain, and fatigue and these parameters were negatively related.
Telemedicine in sleep-related breathing disorders and treatment with positive airway pressure devices. Learnings from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic times
Authors: Franceschini Carlos Maria , Smurra Marcela Viviana 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe healthcare system currently faces new challenges, which are to be addressed by finding efficient alternatives. Such factors as the growth of world population, the increase in longevity, and the fact that some diseases which used to be deadly diseases have turned into chronic pathologies, cause the number of people in need for continuous medical care to rise. This results in a healthcare system crisis, which searches for solutions as telemedicine to address the needs of patients and control excessive medical spending. Telemedicine means remote medical assistance delivered by means of technological resources, which streamline the provision of medical care, thus increasing patient’s access to healthcare and saving time and costs. As regards respiratory diseases, telemedicine is a tool that may provide for proper prevention, diagnosis, therapeutic education, monitoring of observance, and therapeutic efficacy, as well as for the early detection of exacerbations. Patients suffering from sleep-related respiratory disorders in need for positive airway pressure devices may be benefited by telemedicine to enhance positive pressure adherence and follow-up to treat their pathologies, thus providing for the delivery of remote care and follow-up, reducing costs, and increasing the chances of receiving attention from specialists in patients who live a long distance from such medical facilities. However, it is a challenging task to find a balance in the doctor-patient virtual relationship.
Means of mitigating the risks assigned to the contractor in the EPC contract: the experience of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers and Russian civil legislation
Authors: Varavenko Victor Evgenyevich , Lyapustina Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Kovalev Denis Vital'evich 
Published: May 2022

The subject of the study is the legal conditions of mitigation (mitigation) of project risks, the bearing of which is assigned to the contractor by the terms of the EPC contract. One of the key features of the EPC contract, an agreement concluded for the implementation of an investment and construction project on a turnkey basis, is the maximum assignment to the contractor of risks associated with the failure to achieve the goals of the project. It is believed that the EPC contractor, as a professional and highly qualified representative of the construction industry, is able to manage project risks more effectively than the customer. The assignment of risk by the terms of the contract proforma to one of the parties implies the need to use organizational, economic and legal means to mitigate (mitigate) the burden of risk. This work is aimed at identifying civil legal means used by the contractor to mitigate the harmful effects of events and actions, the risk of which is assigned to him by the terms of the EPC contract and establishing the possibility of using these means in the conditions of the Russian legal system. Its achievement involves a comparative analysis of the model EPC contract - a model contract of the International Federation of Consulting Engineers for turnkey projects (FIDIC Silver Book 2017) and the norms of Russian civil legislation. В В В В В The results of the study indicate that it is possible in principle to apply the conditions of the 2017 FIDIC Silver Book, which establish means of mitigating the contractor's burden of bearing risks, in the conditions of Russian legislation, taking into account the following exceptions: (1) a security payment cannot be used as a means of mitigating the consequences of non-fulfillment by the contractor of a natural obligation; (2) compensation for property losses cannot be applied in the event of an unlawful claim by the customer for a guarantee of performance of contractual obligations provided by the contractor. The interrelated application of several civil legal means is aimed, ultimately, their application contributes to the achievement of the project goals, which is in the sphere of interests of both parties to the contract.
Search for morphological indicators that predict implantation by principal component analysis using images of blastocyst
Authors: Mashiko Daisuke , Tokoro Mikiko , Kojima Masae , Fukunaga Noritaka , Asada Yoshimasa , Yamagata Kazuo 
Published: May 2022

Background
Although the current evaluation of human blastocysts is based on the Gardner criteria, there may be other notable parameters. The purpose of our study was to clarify whether the morphology of blastocysts has notable indicators other than the Gardner criteria.

Methods
To find such indicators, we compared blastocysts that showed elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels after transplantation (hCG-positive group; n = 129) and those that did not (hCG-negative group; n = 105) using principal component analysis of pixel brightness of the images.

Results
The comparison revealed that the hCG-positive group had grainy morphology and the hCG-negative group had non-grainy morphology. Classification of the blastocysts by this indicator did not make a difference in Gardner score. Interestingly, all embryos with ≥20% fragmentation were non-grainy. The visual classification based on this analysis was significantly more accurate than the prediction of implantation using the Gardner score ≥3BB. As graininess can be used in combination with the Gardner score, this indicator will enhance current reproductive technologies.
Mathematics in the Classroom: A Survey of Teachers' Opinions on the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Adams Alfred Kofi 
Published: May 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to look into how school mathematics teachers use ICT in their classrooms, as well as the perceived barriers and challenges to ICT integration in mathematics classrooms.
Study Design: The research was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional survey research approach.
Methodology: A cluster sampling strategy was utilized to pick 120 teachers from public schools in the keta municipality of the Volta region for this study. The questionnaire was returned by 105 teachers, with an 87.5 percent response rate, and descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data. 72 percent of the 105 teachers were males and 28 percent were females.
Results: According to the findings, mathematics teachers use ICT in their classrooms to a very limited extent. Some mathematics teachers, on the other hand, frequently utilise ICT for common computer applications, including obtaining information on the internet for teaching, networking with colleagues and students, sending emails, and producing lesson notes etc. Respondents lacked proper training and access to instructional technologies, according to the findings.
The lack of printers and presentation equipment in schools, according to respondents, may hinder their ability to integrate ICT into the teaching and learning process.
Conclusions: Because of a lack of technical know-how and inadequate ICT tools, most mathematics teachers do not use ICT in their classroom. Teachers who have minimal experience with ICT, on the other hand, prefer to utilise it for non-teaching purposes.
Effect of Planting Methods and Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Angel Boddu Krupa Blessy , Singh Shikha 
Published: May 2022

The trial was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy of Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), during Kharif 2021.The experiment was bifactorial (two factors) which consists of three different planting methods i.e., Direct seeded rice, Transplanted rice and SRI method, and three different weed management practices i.e., Hand weeding (twice), Oxadiazon 25 EC (as Pre emergence) at 250g/L (2L/ha) and Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP at 20g/ha (as Post Emergence) and a control plot laid out in randomized block design with ten different treatment combinations which is replicated thrice. The results revealed that at harvest significantly, higher growth attributes like plant height (117.28 cm), Number of tillers (38), plant dry weight (56.36 g/hill) at harvest is recorded in treatment number 7 with a combination of SRI method of planting and Hand weeding twice at critical crop weed competition. Significantly, higher yield attributes like number of effective tillers/ hill (35), number of panicles/ plant (44), number of grains per panicle (216.6), test weight (25 g), grain yield (5.1 t/ha) and straw yield (8.1 t/ha) was highest in the same treatment. From the experiment it can be concluded that treatment 7 where SRI method of planting and hand weeding twice during critical crop weed competition was considered as best treatment combination with maximum effective tillers/hill, number of panicles/plant, number of grains per panicle, test weight, grain yield and straw yield i.e., all the yield attributes.
Mapping Malaria Prevalence Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Egbom S. E. , Nduka F. O. , Nzeako S. O. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Nigeria aspires to eradicate malaria, and the significance of mapping in this endeavour has grown. The prevalence and spatial distribution of malaria in Rivers State were studied using data from Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs).
Methodology: PHCs in Rivers State were geo-referenced using the global positioning system (GPS) and 74 were selected across 21 local government areas using Systematic GridPoint Sampling Technique. Blood samples were obtained from 2340 consented individuals whose demographic data were obtained with structured questionnaires. Blood films were examined for Plasmodium spp. using standard parasitological techniques. An overall prevalence of 56.3% was recorded identifying only P.falciparum. Coordinates of PHCs sampled and the prevalence data for malaria were inputted into a spread sheet and imported into ArcGIS 10.7. This was used to generate prevalence maps of malaria infection in the State.
Results: Ogu-Bolo, Omumma, Abua-Odual LGAs recorded very high LGA prevalence whereas Ikwerre, Abua-Odual, Ahoada West, Oyigbo and Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni LGAs recorded very high state-level prevalence. Eleme and Port Harcourt City LGAs had the least prevalence.
Conclusion: The observed spatial variation could be attributed to land use land cover (LULC) patterns and further research to evaluate the impact of LULC patterns on the spatial distribution of malaria is recommended. This study provides malaria maps which will serve as a valuable resource to policy makers for targeted interventions in the State.