bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐state time‐modulated array‐enabled directional modulation for secure orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing wireless transmission
Authors: Huang Gaojian , Ding Yuan , Ouyang Shan , Fusco Vincent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent works have shown that by using time‐modulated arrays (TMAs), directional modulation (DM) physical‐layer secured transmitters for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless data transfer can be constructed. In this paper, three‐state TMAs are introduced for OFDM DM systems which allow more flexible manipulation of the injected orthogonal artificial noise and hence improve security. In particular, this paper presents for the first time both static and dynamic three‐state time‐modulated OFDM DM systems. Simulated bit error rate (BER) spatial distributions are shown for various system configurations in order to illustrate representative examples of secrecy performance enhancement that can be achieved by the proposed transmitter arrangement.
Steady‐state PMU data selection for parameter identification of transmission line considering the influence of measurement error
Authors: Hong Haiyan , Kong He , Gu Lei , Ma Jing , Xu Feiyang , Xue Ancheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhasor measurement units (PMUs) are important data source for parameter identification of the transmission line (TL). However, the “seesaw” phenomenon exists in the identified susceptance and reactance (B&X) based on real‐world PMU data, that is, the accuracy of X increases with the increase of the active power transmitted in the TL (APT), while the accuracy of B decreases. Recognizing the above, with the approximations of the opposite influence characteristics of relative errors of the identified B&X with respect to the APT, this paper proposes a method of selecting the steady‐state PMU data to improve the accuracy of the identified B&X. In detail, firstly, the “seesaw” phenomenon of the identified B&X is demonstrated based on the real‐world and the simulated PMU data. Secondly, the approximate relationship between the relative errors of B&X and the APT is derived and summarized, which can explain the “seesaw” phenomenon theoretically. Thirdly, combining the above relationships and the principle that B/X identified with the low/high APT respectively, the practical thresholds of APT for B&X identification are determined, and then, the method for selecting the steady‐state PMU data is proposed. Finally, results using both the simulated and the real‐world data demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.
Motion deblurring algorithm for wind power inspection images based on Ghostnet and SE attention mechanism
Authors: Gao Ruxin , Wang Tengfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAiming at the problem of motion blur in the inspection image of wind power generation equipment, an improved fast motion blur removal method based on deblurganv2 is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the characteristics of disparate local motion blur degrees and different global motion blur directions of the wind power inspection image, the real wind power fuzzy image data set is collected and produced. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the single background of the wind power inspection image and the requirements of fast and effective processing, the lightweight network Ghostnet is redesigned as the backbone network of the Deblurganv2 generator to reduce the number of network parameters and calculations. Finally, five SE channel attention mechanism layers are added to GhostNet to strengthen feature extraction, and the upsampling process is optimized through bilinear interpolation, to improve the deblurring performance of the wind power inspection image. The experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a higher peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and structural similarity, the network model parameters are compressed to 6.1 MB, and the reasoning speed is improved to 0.42 s.
A method for transforming 2D imaging features with the AFSS‐loaded rotating Luneberg lens reflector
Authors: Xu Yong , Feng Dejun , Wang Junjie , Sui Ran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe micro‐motion target can perform micro‐Doppler modulation on the electromagnetic wave due to motion components in different directions, leading to the defocus effect of the target imaging feature along the azimuth direction. This phenomenon has been widely concerned and investigated in the field of target recognition and anti‐recognition. However, the micro‐motion target fails to transform image features along the distance direction according to its slow mechanical modulation speed. In comparison, electromagnetic metasurfaces can flexibly control the characteristics of electromagnetic waves with faster modulation speed through electronic control. It can realize the image feature transformation along the range direction. Inspired by this idea, a joint modulation method of rotational micro‐motion and electronic control through an active frequency selective surface (AFSS)‐loaded rotating Luneberg lens reflector is proposed. The signal models of micro‐motion modulation and non‐periodic AFSS modulation are established separately. On this basis, the imaging properties of the joint modulation are further analysed and the two‐dimensional (2D) defocusing phenomenon of the image is discovered. Moreover, the simulation of the measured synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with different modulation methods is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Adolescents – A Practical Review
Authors: Gould Rebecca Jane , Ridout Ashley Jane , Newton Julia L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere are many immediate and longer-term physical, psychological and metabolic benefits of being active during adolescence. These benefits exist when exercise and physical activity are undertaken in a state of energy balance. When exercise occurs in an environment of low energy availability, this is currently termed relative energy deficiency in sport and there are potential significant negative effects on mental well-being, bone, endocrine and metabolic health. Therefore, relative energy deficiency in sport may present to many different specialists or allied health professionals depending upon the symptoms or reasons for seeking help, which include injury, such as bone stress or soft tissue problems, irregular or absent menstruation, stress, anxiety or low mood, or sporting underperformance as examples. The promotion of physical activity in adolescence is a critical part of public health strategy. In parallel with this positive public health message, there needs to be an increase in the awareness of, and education about, relative energy deficiency in sport for those working with and looking after adolescents.This review provides an up to date, practical evidenced based guide on the recognition, investigation and management of relative energy deficiency in sport in the adolescent, both male and female.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Geriatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Developing Countries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Al-Taei Omar , Al-Mirza Abdulrahman , Ali Mohammed , Al-Kalbani Humaid , Al-Saadi Tariq 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction The world populace is aging and it is anticipated that 2 billion people will be older than 60 years by 2050. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. In the United States, 2.8 million people pursue medical attention yearly. TBI exemplifies a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the geriatric age group worldwide.
Methods A retrospective study of geriatric cases who were admitted to the Neurosurgery Department in Khoula Hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019, was conducted. Patients' demographics, risk factors, neuro-vital sign, diagnosis, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on arrival, treatment types, and length of stay (LOS) were recorded.
Results Two hundred and thirty-four patients were admitted due to TBI in four years period. Seventy-five percent of the study cohort were more than 75 years old. Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Subdural hematoma (SDH) was the most common TBI diagnosis based on computed tomography (77.4%). Most of the patients were having GCS scores of 14 to 15 (67.9%). Sixteen percent of the patients received antiepileptic medications. The majority of the patients underwent surgical intervention (70.5%). Eighty percent of the patients stayed in the hospital for less than 15 days. There was a significant difference between the LOS and type of surgery. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found to have the highest mean age (79.7 years). Intracerebral hemorrhage patients had the longest LOS in the hospital with a mean of 44.2 days. There was no significant difference between the age of patients and type of surgery.
Conclusion The number of TBI in the elderly population is increasing annually. The most common type of TBI in our cohort was SDH and most of the patients were treated with burr hole surgery.
Nerve-End Capping Treatment with a Polyglycolic Acid Conduit for Rat Sciatic Neuroma: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Onode Ema , Uemura Takuya , Hama Shunpei , Yokoi Takuya , Okada Mitsuhiro , Takamatsu Kiyohito , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background The treatment of painful neuroma remains challenging. Recently, a nerve-end capping technique using a bioabsorbable nerve conduit was newly introduced to treat amputation neuroma. A collagen-coated polyglycolic acid (PGA) conduit has been commercially available for the reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects, yielding successful clinical outcomes. However, no experimental research has been conducted using this PGA nerve conduit as capping device for treating amputation neuroma. The purpose of this study was to investigate nerve-end capping treatment with the PGA conduit in the rat sciatic nerve amputation model, focusing on histological scar formation and neuroinflammation.
Methods Forty-seven rats were divided into two groups: no capping (transected nerve stump without capping; n = 25) and capping (nerve-end capping with collagen-coated PGA nerve conduit; n = 22). Twelve weeks after sciatic neurectomy, neuropathic pain was evaluated using the autotomy score. Stump neuromas were histologically evaluated or perineural scar and neuroinflammation.
Results While autotomy scores gradually exacerbated in both groups, they were consistently lower in the capping group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postprocedure. Twelve weeks after surgery, the transected nerve stumps in the no-capping group had formed macroscopic bulbous neuromas strongly adhering to surrounding tissues, whereas they remained wrapped with the PGA nerve conduits loosely adhering to surrounding tissues in the capping group. Histologically, distal axonal fibers were expanded radially and formed neuromas in the no-capping group, while they were terminated within the PGA conduit in the capping group. Perineural scars and neuroinflammation were widely found surrounding the randomly sprouting nerve end in the no-capping group. In capped counterparts, scars and inflammation were limited to closely around the terminated nerve end.
Conclusion Nerve-end capping with a collagen-coated PGA conduit after rat sciatic neurectomy might prevent neuroma formation by suppressing perineural scar formation and neuroinflammation around the nerve stump, potentially relieving neuropathic pain.
Assessing receptive vocabulary using state‑of‑the‑art natural language processing techniques
Authors: Crossley Scott , Holmes Langdon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Semantic embedding approaches commonly used in natural language processing such as transformer models have rarely
been used to examine L2 lexical knowledge. Importantly, their performance has not been contrasted with more traditional annotation
approaches to lexical knowledge. This study used NLP techniques related to lexical annotations and semantic embedding approaches
to model the receptive vocabulary of L2 learners based on their lexical production during a writing task. The goal of the study is
to examine the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches in understanding L2 lexical knowledge. Findings indicate that
transformer approaches based on semantic embeddings outperform linguistic annotations and Word2vec models in predicting L2
learners’ vocabulary scores. The findings help to support the strength and accuracy of semantic-embedding approaches as well as
their generalizability across tasks when compared to linguistic feature models. Limitations to semantic-embedding approaches,
especially interpretability, are discussed.
Improvement properties of laser cladding Ni45-Cr3C2 coatings by adding B4C and V
Authors: Yingpeng Liu , Yunlong Liang , Hanguang Fu 
Published: September 2022

By adding B4C and vanadium to Ni45-Cr3C2 powder in a moderate proportion, it is found that B4C will decompose into elements B and C during laser cladding, and the lattice constants of V and Cr elements are similar, which can form (Cr,V)B2 phase with high hardness. According to the first principles calculation of the hardness of (CR1-XVx)B, it can be seen that it shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. With the addition of B4C and vanadium, the mechanical properties of the composite coating increase. When the coating composition is Ni45-30Cr3C2-9B4C-15FeV50, the average microhardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance of the composite coating increase by 22.1%, 121.6% and 54.2%, respectively. Highlights Laser cladding composite coatings with different B4C and vanadium were prepared. V and Cr elements have similar lattice constants and can form a (Cr, V)B2 phase with high hardness. The performance of the laser cladding composite coatings increased with the addition of B4C and vanadium.
Behavior of geodesic acoustic mode and limit-cycle oscillation approaching L-H transition in JFT-2M tokamak
Authors: Kobayashi T , Sasaki M , Ido T , Kamiya K , Miura Y , Ida K , Itoh K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a phenomenology of competing behavior between the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) and the limit-cycle oscillation (LCO) is presented. Before the LCO occurs, the GAM can grow to the observable amplitude via the turbulent Reynolds stress force. Approaching the L-H transition, the LCO is excited and the GAM decays. In the LCO phase, the GAM driving force is possibly suppressed by the nonlocal turbulence amplitude modulation by the LCO.
Mode transition (α–γ) and hysteresis in microwave-driven low-temperature plasmas
Authors: Kim Kyungtae , Nam Woojin , Lee Seungtaek , Lee Jimo , Shim Seungbo , Yun Gunsu S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We discovered a hysteresis in a microwave-driven low-pressure argon plasma during gas pressure change across the transition region between α and γ discharge modes. The hysteresis is manifested in that the critical pressure of mode transition depends on the direction of pressure change. As a corollary, the plasma would attain different discharge properties under the same operating parameters (pressure, power, and gas composition), suggesting a bi-stability or existence of memory effect. Analysis of the rotational and vibrational temperatures measured from the OH (A–X) line emissions shows that the hysteresis is mainly due to the fast gas heating in the γ-mode leading to a smaller neutral density than that of the α-mode. When increasing the gas pressure, the γ-mode discharge maintains a relatively higher temperature and lower neutral density, and thus, it requires a higher operating pressure to reach the α-mode. On the other hand, decreasing the pressure while maintaining α-mode, the transition to γ-mode occurs at a lower pressure than the former case due to a relatively higher neutral density of α-mode discharge. This interpretation is supported by the fact that the hysteresis disappears when the plasma properties are presented with respect to the neutral gas density instead of pressure.
Hawking-Page phase transition of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole with the effective Tolman temperature
Authors: Eom Hwajin , Jung Sojeong , Kim Wontae 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A sufficiently large Schwarzschild AdS black hole with the Hawking temperature
has a positive heat capacity and undergoes the Hawking-Page phase transition.
Even though an arbitrary isothermal surface of a cavity
is introduced, the essential features about the stability and phase transition of the
Schwarzschild AdS black hole remain the same.
In this paper, we study the stability and the Hawking-Page phase transition of the Schwarzschild AdS black hole by employing an alternative local temperature satisfying the Hartle-Hawking vacuum condition which states that
the ingoing and outgoing fluxes vanish at the horizon so that the local temperature is naturally zero there.
The different definition of the local temperature based on the stress tensor approach
provides different types of stability and phase transition.
For a AdS curvature radius below a critical one,
the medium-sized black hole is found to be stable and the other small and large black holes turn
out to be unstable regardless of the AdS curvature radius.
Furthermore, we encounter various critical temperatures.
The first one is for the Hawking-Page phase transition between the medium-sized black hole and thermal AdS, and
the second one is for a phase transition between the large black hole and thermal AdS; however, the latter one is not essential because
the large black hole and thermal AdS eventually collapse to the medium-sized black hole.
Interestingly, we find an additional critical temperature related to the zeroth-order
phase transition between the medium-sized black hole and thermal AdS.
Consequently, the medium-sized black hole undergoes both the Hawking-Page phase transition
and the zeroth-order phase transition.
Muon pair production via e+e−annihilation in the presence of a circularly polarized laser field
Authors: Ouali M , Ouhammou M , Taj S , Benbrik R , Manaut B , El Idrissi M 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we have investigated the elementary particle reactione+e−→μ+μ−that results from the electron–positron interaction, at the leading order, with an intense laser wave of circular polarization. We have derived, by analytical means, the laser-assisted differential cross section expression by using the scattering matrix approach. We have analysed the energy and the number of exchanged photons dependence of muon pair production in electron–positron annihilation at different centre of mass energies including theZ-boson peak. For this reason, a wide range of high centre of mass energies relevant to futuree+e−collider were covered to study the cross section behaviour. We have found that, for a given number of exchanged photons, laser field strength and frequency, the circularly polarized laser field decreases the total cross section by several orders of magnitudes.
Understanding PDF uncertainty in W boson mass measurements*
Authors: Gao Jun , Liu Dianyu , Xie Keping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the dependence of the transverse mass distribution of charged leptons and the missing energy on parton distributions (PDFs) adapted to W boson mass measurements at the CDF and ATLAS experiments. We compare the shape variations of the distribution induced by different PDFs and find that the spread of predictions from different PDF sets can be significantly larger than the PDF uncertainty predicted by a specific PDF set. We suggest analyzing the experimental data using up-to-date PDFs to gain a better understanding of the PDF uncertainties in W boson mass measurements. We also perform a series of Lagrange multiplier scans to identify the constraints on the transverse mass distribution imposed by individual data sets in the CT18 global analysis. In the case of the CDF measurement, the distribution is mostly sensitive to d-quark PDFs in the intermediate x region, which are largely constrained by DIS and Drell-Yan data on deuteron targets and Tevatron lepton charge asymmetry data.
Riemannian distance based channel selection and feature extraction combining discriminative time-frequency bands and Riemannian tangent space for MI-BCIs
Authors: Qu Tingnan , Jin Jing , Xu Ren , Wang Xingyu , Cichocki Andrzej 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Motor imagery-based brain computer interfaces (MI-BCIs) have been widely researched because they do not demand external stimuli and have a high degree of maneuverability. In most scenarios, superabundant selected channels, fixed time windows, and frequency bands would certainly affect the performance of MI-BCIs due to the neurophysiological diversities among different individuals. In this study, we attempt to effectively use the Riemannian geometry of spatial covariance matrix to extract more robust features and thus enhance the decoding efficiency. Approach. First, we utilize a Riemannian distance-based electroencephalography (EEG) channel selection method, which preliminarily reduces the information redundancy in the first stage. Second, we extract discriminative Riemannian tangent space features of EEG signals of selected channels from the most discriminant time-frequency bands to further enhance decoding accuracy for MI-BCIs. Finally, we train a support vector machine model with a linear kernel to classify our extracted discriminative Riemannian features, and evaluate our proposed method using publicly available BCI Competition IV dataset Ⅰ (DS1) and Competition Ⅲ dataset Ⅲa (DS2). Main results. The experimental results show that the average classification accuracy with the selected 16-channel EEG signals of our method is 90.0% and 89.4% in DS1 and DS2 respectively. The average improvements are 20.0% and 21.2% on DS1, 9.4% and 7.2% on DS2 for 8 and 16 selected channels, respectively. Significance. These results show that our proposed method is a promising candidate for the performance improvement of MI-BCIs.
CMS Phase-1 pixel detector refurbishment during LS2 and readiness towards the LHC Run 3
Authors: Noehte Lars O. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The CMS Phase-1 pixel detector was extracted from the underground cavern after the end of the LHC Run 2 in 2019 and has been kept cold to protect the silicon sensors during the long shutdown period (LS2) in 2019–2021. The LHC is now preparing for the next period of data taking, Run 3, which is scheduled to start in spring 2022. The Phase-1 pixel detector was going through a series of refurbishment and repairs this year to improve the quality of the collected data and enhance the detector performance. The innermost barrel pixel layer has been replaced with new modules and features improved front-end readout chips (PROC600v4), token bit manager chips (TBM10d), and circuit boards to rectify the issues discovered in Run 2. The forward pixel detector has been equipped with new cooling inlets for safe handling and features a revised high-voltage power distribution scheme to better match the low-voltage granularity. All the DC-DC converter modules have been replaced with new modules featuring an improved FEAST2.3 ASIC, which is considerably more robust against the total ionizing dose effect and thus prevents them from breaking during operation. Overall, this article will summarize the refurbishment work of the pixel detector during LS2, and highlight the readiness towards the LHC Run 3 after installation and commissioning.