bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Seino Yusuke , Yamazaki Yuji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are incretins that play an important role in glucose metabolism, by increasing glucose‐induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells and help regulate bodyweight. Although they show a similar action on glucose‐induced insulin secretion, two incretins are distinct in various aspects. GIP is secreted from enteroendocrine K cell mainly expressed in the upper small intestine, and GLP‐1 is secreted from enteroendocrine L cells mainly expressed in the lower small intestine and colon by the stimulation of various nutrients. The mechanism of GIP secretion induced by nutrients, especially carbohydrates, is different from that of GLP‐1 secretion. GIP promotes fat deposition in adipose tissue, and contributes to fat‐induced obesity. In contrast, GLP‐1 participates in reducing bodyweight by suppressing food consumption and/or slowing gastric emptying. There is substantial evidence that GIP and GLP‐1 might differently contribute to bodyweight control. Although meal contents influence both glycemic and weight control, we do not fully understand whether incretin actions differ depending on the contents of the meal and what kind of signaling is involved in its context. We focus on the molecular mechanism of GIP secretion induced by nutrients, as well as the roles of GIP in weight changes caused by various diets.
Factors associated with prolonged cecal insertion time in patients undergoing water exchange colonoscopy
Authors: Hsieh Yu‐Hsi , Koo Malcolm , Tseng Chih‐Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimWater exchange is superior to air insufflation in reducing discomfort and increasing adenoma detection during colonoscopy. However, prolonged cecal insertion time is a drawback. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting cecal insertion during water exchange colonoscopy.MethodsWe pooled data from five randomized clinical trials that included patients undergoing water exchange colonoscopy. Logistic analysis was performed to determine the independent factors associated with prolonged cecal insertion time (> 15 min).ResultsThe cohort included 912 patients (493 men and 419 women) with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range, 49–64 years). The median cecal insertion time was 13.5 min (interquartile range, 10.9–17.0 min). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female sex, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, a history of constipation, no sedation, less experienced endoscopist, Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score ≤ 6, infused water volume during insertion ≥ 1000 mL, and scope length at the cecum ≥ 85 cm were associated with prolonged cecal insertion time. With increasing volume of infused water (1000–2000 mL), the median cecal insertion time increased gradually from 11.4 to 23.0 min (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe current study identified independent factors associated with prolonged cecal insertion time during water exchange colonoscopy. Several factors are modifiable to achieve a shorter insertion time, including better bowel preparation, the use of sedation, more experienced endoscopist, infusing less water during insertion, and maintaining a shorter scope length.
Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiometabolic disease risk among overweight/obese adult males in the UK: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Agbalalah Tarimoboere , Mushtaq Sohail 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies suggest links between reduced serum 25(OH)D concentration and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. However, these studies provide limited evidence of causation, with few conclusive randomised controlled trials (RCT) having been carried out to date. This RCT investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular function and cardiometabolic disease risk markers, in 55 healthy males aged 18–65 years with plasma 25(OH)D concentration <75 mol L–1 and body mass index ≥24.9 kg m–2.MethodsParticipants were assigned to consume 125 µg day–1 (5000 IU day–1) vitamin D3 or placebo for 8 weeks. Blood samples and vascular function measures were obtained at baseline, as well as at weeks 4 and 8. The primary outcome was arterial stiffness, an indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, assessed by pulse wave velocity. Biomarkers of CVD risk, insulin resistance and endothelial function were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsDaily oral intake of 125 µg supplemental vitamin D3 led to a significant improvement in plasma 25(OH)D concentrations over the 8‐week intervention in the vitamin D group compared to the change in the placebo group (p ˂ 0.001). In the vitamin D group, the baseline mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentration was 38.4 ± 15.9 and this increased to 72.8 ± 16.1 nmol L–1 after 8 weeks of supplementation. The intervention had no effect on arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity, although vitamin D3 supplementation did lead to a decrease in mean ± SD brachial pulse pressure from baseline to 8 weeks of −2.9 ± 3.4 mmHg (p = 0.027) in the vitamin D group compared to the same period in the placebo group. The intervention had no effect on the remaining cardiometabolic parameters.ConclusionsOverall, treatment significantly improved brachial pulse pressure but no other cardiometabolic disease risk markers. To follow on from this pilot RCT, future large‐scale clinical trials over longer durations may offer further insights.
Long‐term effects of glucocorticoid excess on the brain
Authors: Dekkers Alies J. , Amaya Jorge Miguel , van der Meulen Merel , Biermasz Nienke R. , Meijer Onno C. , Pereira Alberto M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe metabolic and cardiovascular clinical manifestations in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) are generally well known. However, recent studies have broadened the perspective of the effects of hypercortisolism, showing that both endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid excess alter brain functioning on several time scales. Consequently, cognitive deficits and neuropsychological symptoms are highly prevalent during both active CS and CS in remission, as well as during glucocorticoid treatment. In this review, we discuss the effects of endogenous hypercortisolism and exogenously induced glucocorticoid excess on the brain, as well as the prevalence of cognitive and neuropsychological deficits and their course after biochemical remission. Furthermore, we propose possible mechanisms that may underly neuronal changes, based on experimental models and in vitro studies. Finally, we offer recommendations for future studies.
Family socioeconomic status and children's screen time
Authors: Mollborn Stefanie , Limburg Aubrey , Pace Jennifer , Fomby Paula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis mixed‐methods study examined whether higher‐socioeconomic status (SES) children's digital technology use adhered to contemporaneous pediatric guidelines, how it compared to lower‐SES children, and why, as analyses showed, higher‐SES children's technology use far exceeded pediatric recommendations.Background2013 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines recommended limited “screen time” for children. Higher SES families tend to follow guidelines, but digital technology use—simultaneously a health behavior and a pathway for building human capital—has complex implications.MethodQuantitative analyses provide new nationally representative estimates of the relationship between social class and 9‐ to 13‐year‐old children's technology time (including television), device access, and parenting rules (2014 PSID Child Development Supplement, N = 427). Qualitative analyses of 77 longitudinal higher‐SES parent interviews articulated explanatory processes.ResultsHigher‐SES children used technology as frequently as others and in excess of recommendations. Their device access, activities, and agency in adhering to rules, however, differed from others. Qualitative analysis uncovered processes that helped explain these findings: parents' ambivalence about technology and perception that expert guidance is absent or unrealistic, and children's exercise of agency to use technology facilitated by “concerted cultivation” parenting styles, led to higher‐SES individualistic parenting practices that supported children's increased non‐television technology use.ConclusionCultures and structures related to children's technology use are in flux, and classed norms and understandings are emerging to construct relevant class‐based distinctions around parenting.
Thinking about Latin American public diplomacy
Authors: Manfredi‐Sánchez Juan‐Luis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPublic diplomacy entails the management of international political communication in accordance with the interests of foreign action and policy. The discipline originated in the United States, and its school of thought and models have influenced a multitude of chancelleries. This article investigates the existence of an original and distinct Latin American public diplomacy, although it shares the theoretical foundation of soft power and international public relations for a global audience. It can be concluded that no unique school of Latin American public diplomacy exists. There are two trains of thought and foreign policy—conservative values and Chavists—which complicates a united action. Furthermore, the presidentialism system make the professional profile of public diplomacy complex, resulting in delays in the development of international communication conducted by chancelleries.
Law, compliance, and variation: Proximity and preferences regarding workplace lactation accommodations
Authors: Hoffmann Elizabeth A. , Hoffman Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFederal law mandates that employers accommodate lactating workers who wish to express breast milk at work. Lactation's physical demands set lactating employees apart from their coworkers, as lactation requires regular breaks and private rooms to express milk. Although longer breaks and convenient lactation accommodations make for more successful workplace milk expression, many lactating workers lack one or both. During their lactation breaks, some lactating workers wish to maintain workplace productivity, while others seek to relax and reconnect with their nurslings. Although the law mandates basic lactation accommodations, additional consideration must be given to location as well as to the preferences of lactating employees.
Economic evaluation of CPD activities for healthcare professionals: A scoping review
Authors: Orlik Witold , Aleo Giuseppe , Kearns Thomas , Briody Jonathan , Wray Jane , Mahon Paul , Gazić Mario , Radoš Normela , García Vivar Cristina , Lillo Crespo Manuel , Fitzgerald Catherine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContextContinuing professional development (CPD) activities for healthcare professionals are central to the optimisation of patient safety and person‐centred care. Although there is some evidence on the economics of healthcare professionals training, very little is known about the costs and benefits of CPD.MethodsThis study aimed to review the research evidence on economic evaluations of CPD activities for healthcare professionals. CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Econlit and Web of Science databases were used to identify articles published between 2010 and 2021.ResultsOf the 6791 titles identified, 119 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. The majority of articles were partial economic evaluations of CPD programmes (n = 70); half were from the USA. Studies that included multiple professions were most prevalent (n = 54), followed by nurses (n = 34) and doctors (n = 23). Patient outcomes were the most commonly reported outcome (n = 51), followed by change in clinical practice (n = 38) and healthcare professionals' knowledge gain (n = 19).ConclusionsThere is an urgent call for more evidence regarding the economic evaluations of CPD. This is particularly important in view of the rising costs of healthcare globally. The majority of studies included in this review did not provide detailed information on the evaluations and many focused exclusively on the cost of CPD activities rather than outcomes.
Effects of skin‐to‐skin contact on afterpain and postpartum hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aydin Kartal Yasemin , Kaya Leyla , Yazici Saadet , Engin Betül , Karakus Resul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study determined the effects of skin‐to‐skin contact between the mother and the infant during the third stage of labor on postpartum hemorrhage and pain. This assessor‐blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted with primiparous women. Skin‐to‐skin contact interventions between the infants and their mothers occurred for 30 min after birth (n = 34), whereas the infants in the control group were provided routine care (n = 34). Data were gathered using a Personal Information Form, the Visual Analog Scale‐Pain, postpartum bleeding follow‐up bags, and records of blood oxytocin and beta endorphin levels. There was no significant difference in beta‐endorphin levels in both groups (p = 0.771), whereas it was determined that the 30th min oxytocin level was significantly higher in the intervention group (The Visual Analog Scale‐Pain score at the postpartum sixth hour was significantly lower in the intervention group. It was found that skin‐to‐skin contact made at the third stage of labor reduced the amount of postpartum hemorrhage. The results of this study suggested that skin‐to‐skin contact intervention may have beneficial effects on postpartum pain and postpartum hemorrhage in the early postpartum period
Fine mappingPsPS1, a gene controlling pod softness that defines market type in pea (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Wang Yonggang , Sun Ting , Wu Xinyang , Xia Wenjun , Fang Pingping , Pandey Arun Kumar , Xu Pei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPea is an important grain and vegetable crop with a large genome of ~4.45 Gb. The softness of pod is key to the quality of pea, yet the genes controlling softness remain unknown. Here, the pod softness phenotype was visually scored at the fully mature stage, which suggested that this trait was a composite trait governed by two genes. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA‐Seq) using the soft‐ and hard‐podded pools from the F2detected a strong peak of Δ (SNP‐index) on chromosome 1 and a weaker peak on chromosome 5. The former was designated asPsPS1. Fine mapping using the F2delimitedPsPS1to a ~6 Mb genomic region. A set of interesting candidate genes including those encoding cell wall components were identified. Sequence variants analysis from a panel of pea accessions and qRT‐PCR in immature pods of the parents suggestedPsat1g150000encoding a pectate lyase superfamily protein as a candidate gene. The results solidify the basis for cloning of the gene determining pod softness and marker‐assisted selection for the trait improvement.
Between the Roll of Paper and the Role of Paper: Governmental Documentation as a Mechanism for Complying Incompliantly
Authors: Pellegrino Valentina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2009, through Court Order 004, the Colombian Constitutional Court declared that thirty‐four separate groups of Indigenous peoples were at risk of extermination due to armed conflict, and it ordered the government to protect them. In 2013, the court then ordered the government to prove its compliance with Order 004. The government did so through a complex documentation process. The production of documents in Colombia not only records compliance but also constitutes compliance even if the actions are limited. In this article, I examine the role of documentation in mediating legal protection in a violent context. How does a governmental report obscure a persisting threat that is mostly ignored? Using participant observation at the Colombian Interior Ministry on the government's response, I illustrate how this documentation converts ordinary governmental actions into restitution of rights and manufactures compliance via the display—and concealment—of numbers through a focus on aesthetics. This generates the effect of sufficient state response while obfuscating the failure to achieve any intended changes: a phenomenon that I term complying incompliantly. Transforming negligence into a proper response through a paper trail outsmarts auditing and maintains the state's legitimacy by normalizing the government's shortcomings. This article contributes to the analysis of the relationship among law, documentation, and transparency. [Colombia, Indigenous peoples, human rights, documentation, compliance]
Artefacts from tomorrow: Future dilemmas of the parahistorian
Authors: Richmond Alasdair 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 1987, Roy Sorensen coined the term “parahistory” to denote the hypothetical study of evidence retrieved via time travel. Parahistory would thus stand to history rather as parapsychology does to psychology; studying data (in this case artefacts) that are obtained in ways unrecognised by orthodox science. This paper considers future‐derived parahistorical artefacts. Past/future asymmetries threaten irresolvable problems in calibrating future objects' periods, in dating future artefacts and insulating them from causal loops. In turn, causal loop objects at best cannot be non‐arbitrarily dated at all and at worst, cannot even be artefacts. Even if there can be evidence for travel from the future, any such evidence that appeals to future artefacts faces pervasive difficulties and is very unlikely to be compelling.
Increased abundance and productivity of a grassland bird after experimental control of invasive tall fescue
Authors: Coon Jaime J. , Maresh Nelson Scott B. , Bradley Iris A. , Rola Katherine E. , Miller James R. 
Published: April 2022

Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is a widespread invasive grass in the United States that degrades habitat quality for biodiversity. Herbicide followed by seeding of native plants reduces tall fescue and is predicted to restore habitat quality over time, but little is known about short‐term (1–2 year) impacts on native species. We conducted a landscape‐scale controlled experiment to assess the short‐term effects of herbicide and seeding on the reproduction of an obligate grassland bird, the dickcissel (Spiza americana). In 2014, four sites in southern Iowa were each subdivided into three patches (mean 7 ha). One patch in each site was treated with glyphosate herbicide (spray‐only), one with herbicide and native seeding (spray‐and‐seed), with the third serving as a control. Two sites were grazed by cattle from April to July and two sites were ungrazed. We monitored dickcissel reproduction in 2016, finding that they were more abundant, built more nests, experienced less cowbird parasitism, had increased nest survival, and produced more fledglings on spray‐only and spray‐and‐seed treatments compared to control patches. Dickcissels nested infrequently on grazed sites—especially grazed control patches. We did not detect any impacts on clutch size, provisioning rates, or nestling mass, but Araneae (spiders) and Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) may have been smaller on sprayed patches. Positive responses by dickcissels were likely due to successful reduction of tall fescue and improved access to suitable nest sites through increased vegetation heterogeneity. Our results indicate that using herbicide and seeding to restore tall fescue‐dominated sites improves habitat quality for this grassland bird, shortly after restoration.
Arabidopsis synaptotagmin 1 mediates lipid transport in a lipid composition‐dependent manner
Authors: Qian Tiantian , Li Chenlu , Liu Furong , Xu Kai , Wan Chun , Liu Yinghui , Yu Haijia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐plasma membrane (PM) contact sites (EPCSs) are structurally conserved in eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis ER‐anchored synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1), enriched in EPCSs, plays a critical role in plant abiotic stress tolerance. It has become clear that SYT1 interacts with PM to mediate ER‐PM connectivity. However, whether SYT1 performs additional functions at EPCSs remains unknown. Here, we report that SYT1 efficiently transfers phospholipids between membranes. The lipid transfer activity of SYT1 is highly dependent on phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], a signal lipid accumulated at the PM under abiotic stress. Mechanically, while SYT1 transfers lipids fundamentally through the synaptotagmin‐like mitochondrial‐lipid‐binding protein (SMP) domain, the efficient lipid transport requires the C2A domain‐mediated membrane tethering. Interestingly, we observed that Ca2+ could stimulate SYT1‐mediated lipid transport. In addition to PI(4,5)P2, the Ca2+ activation requires the phosphatidylserine, another negatively charged lipid on the opposed membrane. Together, our studies identified Arabidopsis SYT1 as a lipid transfer protein at EPCSs and demonstrated that it takes conserved as well as divergent mechanisms with other extend‐synaptotagmins. The critical role of lipid composition and Ca2+ reveals that SYT1‐mediated lipid transport is highly regulated by signals in response to abiotic stresses.
WHY IS GOD'S REVELATION SO VAGUE? A MULTIVERSE THEORY OF REVELATION AND DIVINE HIDDENNESS
Authors: Søvik Atle O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article has two main parts. The first part argues in favor of a multiverse theodicy. God has created our particular universe because it contains unique goods. While God could have made our universe better, that would in fact have turned our universe into another universe, which God has also created. Our universe remains as it is to actualize its specific goals. The second part uses this basis to defend why God's revelation is so vague. It could have been clearer, which again would have turned our universe into another universe, which also exists. Since our kind of independent universe with vague revelation actualizes unique goods, God has created our universe where the vague revelation serves specific purposes.
Children’s Motivation Profiles in Sports and Physical Activities: A Latent Profile Analysis and Self-Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Lohbeck Annette , Hohmann Andreas , von Keitz Philipp , Daseking Monika 
Published: April 2022

Using latent profile analysis and self-determination theory, the present study aimed to examine younger children’s motivation profiles in sports and physical activities and the relations of those profiles to various predictors and achievement outcomes. A total of 1,116 German children from Grade 2 participated in this study. Latent-profile-analysis solutions based on five behavioral-regulation types covered in self-determination theory (i.e., intrinsic, identified, introjected, external, amotivation) were tested. Results favored a three-profile solution, showing three theoretically meaningful and distinct motivation profiles labeled “amotivated,” “non-self-determined,” and “self-determined.” Older children and children with a lower physical self-concept were more likely to be members of the amotivated profile relative to the other profiles than younger children and children with a higher physical self-concept. Furthermore, children of the self-determined profile demonstrated the best physical performance in various motor-skills tests.