bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fully automated method to quantitate total carbon dioxide in equine plasma by headspace GCMS
Authors: Zahra Paul W. , Jayasinghe Nirupama S. , Selvadurai Naomi S. , Willers Stewart J. , Krsta Dragan , Batty David C. , Vine John H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPre‐race dosing of horses with alkalinising agents to manipulate performance has been evident in racing worldwide for over 30 years. To regulate the use of alkalinising agents, racing authorities adopted thresholds for total plasma carbon dioxide (TCO2) in racehorses. Traditionally, racing laboratories have measured plasma TCO2 using ion selective electrode (ISE) technology, with the Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC) approving the use of only three ISE instruments for measurement. Because of the manufacture and support of these instruments ceasing, racing laboratories have explored alternative techniques to measure plasma TCO2. In this study, headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HSGCMS) with fully automated sample preparation was investigated as an alternative technique to ISE. Sample preparation was carried out online on a Gerstel robot, where plasma was aspirated directly from sealed vacutainer tubes before further treatment and headspace injection into a GCMS. The method was successfully cross validated against a Beckman Unicel DxC®600, meeting all criteria stipulated in the AORC cross‐validation protocol. The method achieved an accuracy of 99.8%, within‐run relative standard deviation of 0.22% and interday reproducibility of 0.04 mM, all significant improvements on the authors ISE method. A population study was also conducted to ensure the plasma TCO2 threshold, established with ISE methodology, did not change with the developed HSGCMS method. The concentrations and standard deviations for the two methods were almost identical, HSGCMS mean 30.62 mM, standard deviation 1.65 mM, and ISE 30.65 and 1.55 mM. The results indicate that the fully automated HSGCMS method is suitable for measurement of equine plasma TCO2 for regulatory purposes.
Photochemical 1,3‐Acyl Shifts in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Lübken Dennis , Siekmeyer Björn , Kalesse Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotochemical, sigmatropic 1,3‐acyl shifts represent a powerful tool to construct quaternary carbon atoms and the backbones of complex natural products which cannot be constructed easily by conventional methods. This review highlights applications of 1,3‐acyl shifts to elegant, partly biomimetic total syntheses of natural products by discussing the underlying photochemical equilibrium.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Alkanone Enolates with Azides in Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Metal‐Free Regioselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Cicco Luciana , Perna Filippo Maria , Falcicchio Aurelia , Altomare Angela , Messa Francesco , Salomone Antonio , Capriati Vito , Vitale Paola 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn eco‐friendly metal‐free protocol was developed for the regioselective synthesis of densely functionalized 1,2,3‐triazoles through a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkanone enolates with azides performed in the environmentally responsible choline chloride/urea or choline acetate/urea eutectic mixture. This approach displays a broad substrate scope, straightforwardly furnishing the desired triazoles (including the challenging phenolic derivatives) in yields of up to 98 %, while working at room temperature and under aerobic conditions. The practicability of the method is exemplified by the sustainable synthesis of some pharmaceutically relevant triazole derivatives carried out via telescoped, one‐pot cycloaddition/reduction processes in the same eutectic mixture without any halfway isolation/purification step of intermediates.
On occurrence disaggregation of probabilistic seismic hazard
Authors: Cito Pasquale , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisaggregation of probabilistic seismic hazard allows to quantify how much one or more earthquake scenarios contribute to the occurrence [exceedance] of a ground motion intensity measure threshold of interest (x) at the construction site. The scenario is usually defined in terms of magnitude (M), source‐to‐site distance (R), and possibly includes the standardized residual (ε) of the ground motion model considered in the hazard analysis. Analytically, in case occurrence is of interest, disaggregation provides the joint probability density function of or conditional on the event, that is, or . Occurrence disaggregation is important for a number of earthquake engineering applications, and it is typically addressed in the literature in an approximated manner, considering as the conditioning event , with being an arbitrary finite width of the interval. This short communication undertakes a deeper examination of occurrence disaggregation clarifying that: (i) no approximation is needed in the case of disaggregation in terms of magnitude and distance (i.e., when is sought); (ii) is theoretically degenerate, and as such, its approximation via finite can lead to misleading results; (iii) if is chosen coherently with the discretization of the domain used in the hazard integral, it leads to approximated , enabling the conclusion that occurrence disaggregation does not add information with respect to disaggregation.
A stochastic‐volatility equity‐price tree for pricing convertible bonds with endogenous firm values and default risks determined by the first‐passage default model
Authors: Dai Tian‐Shyr , Fan Chen‐Chiang , Liu Liang‐Chih , Wang Chuan‐Ju , Wang Jr‐Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel equity‐price‐tree‐based convertible bond (CB) pricing model based on the first‐passage default model under stochastic interest rates. By regarding equity values as down‐and‐out call options on firm values (FVs), at each tree node, we solve the implied FV and equity‐price volatility (EPV), and then endogenously settle the default probability (DP) and also the dilution effect subject to CB conversions with the implied FV and capital structure. Our model captures the stylized negative (positive) relationships between the stochastically evolving DP and FV or EP (EPV) that cannot be fully achieved by existing CB pricing models.
Microglial angiotensin type 2 receptors mediate sex‐specific expression of inflammatory cytokines independently of circulating estrogen
Authors: Garrido‐Gil Pablo , Pedrosa Maria A. , Garcia‐Garrote Maria , Pequeño‐Valtierra Ana , Rodríguez‐Castro Jorge , García‐Souto Daniel , Rodríguez‐Pérez Ana I. , Labandeira‐Garcia Jose L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere are sex differences in microglia, which can maintain sex‐related gene expression and functional differences in the absence of circulating sex steroids. The angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptors mediate anti‐inflammatory actions in different tissues, including brain. In mice, we performed RT‐PCR analysis of microglia isolated from adult brains and RNA scope in situ hybridization from males, females, ovariectomized females, orchiectomized males and brain masculinized females. We also compared wild type and AT2 knockout mice. The expression of AT2 receptors in microglial cells showed sex differences with much higher AT2 mRNA expression in females than in males, and this was not dependent on circulating gonadal hormones, as observed using ovariectomized females, brain masculinized females and orchiectomized males. These results suggest genomic reasons, possibly related to sex chromosome complement, for sex differences in AT2 expression in microglia, as the AT2 receptor gene is located in the X chromosome. Furthermore, sex differences in expression of AT2 receptors were associated to sex differences in microglial expression of key anti‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐10 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6. In conclusion, sex differences in microglial AT2 receptor expression appear as a major factor contributing to sex differences in the neuroinflammatory responses beyond the effects of circulating steroids.
The effect of community engagement on healthcare utilization and health insurance enrollment in Ghana: Results from a randomized experiment
Authors: Opoku Duku Stephen Kwasi , Nketiah‐Amponsah Edward , Fenenga Christine J. , Janssens Wendy , Pradhan Menno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHealth insurance enrollment in many Sub‐Saharan African countries is low, even with highly subsidized premiums and exemptions for vulnerable populations. One possible explanation is low service quality, which results in a low valuation of health insurance. Using a randomized control trial in 64 primary health care facilities in Ghana, this study assesses the impact of a community engagement intervention designed to improve the quality of healthcare and health insurance services on households living nearby the facilities. Although the intervention improved the medical‐technical quality of health services, our results show that households' subjective perceptions of the quality of healthcare and insurance services did not increase. Nevertheless, the likelihood of illness and concomitant healthcare utilization reduced, and especially households who were not insured at baseline were more likely to enroll in health insurance. The results show that solely increasing the technical quality of care is not sufficient to increase households' subjective assessments of healthcare quality. Still, improving technical quality can directly contribute to health outcomes and further increase health insurance coverage, especially among the previously uninsured.
Distribution of the head and neck surgical oncology workforce in the United States
Authors: Talwar Abhinav , Gordon Alex J. , Bewley Arnaud F. , Fancy Tanya , Lydiatt William M. , Weed Donald , Moore Michael G. , Givi Babak 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe recent trends in education and geographic distribution of the head and neck surgery workforce have not been studied extensively.MethodsWe reviewed publicly available sources to locate all fellowship‐trained head and neck surgeons and recent graduates. The number of surgeons in each state was compared against head and neck cancer incidence data from the Centers for Disease Control.ResultsThe number of graduates increased annually by 1 per 100 000 000 people from 2011–2020. The average number of fellowship‐trained surgeons per state was 10 (SD: 12). The average number of new head and neck cancer cases per surgeon was 247 (SD: 135). Ten states (20%) had cases >1 SD above the national average/surgeon, while 3 (6%) had cases >1 SD below the national average.ConclusionHead and neck surgeons are located in most states, but not uniformly. Most states have approximately average density of surgeons; however, several states are outliers.
Numerical investigation of viscoelastic boundary layer in forced convection flow on surface under prescribed heat flux
Authors: Maaitah Hussein , Quran Omar , Elayyan Mutaz , Awad Ahmad S. , Duwairi Hamzeh M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper intends to analyze numerically the effect of forced convection with viscoelastic boundary on porous media subjected to constant heat flux on the surface. The modified Navier–Stokes equations in nondimensional forms are formulated and modeled with Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman to solve the equations using bvp4c with MATLAB package. The numerical results are found for local Nusselt number, shear stress, temperature distribution, and finally the velocity of the boundary layer over a horizontal plate. The analysis includes the influence of several parameters, such as Forchheimer, porous media, Nusselt number, and viscoelastic on distributions of velocity and temperature. Also, the effects comprise the friction and heat transfer coefficients. The numerical results under constant heat flux indicate an increase in shear stress and boundary layer velocity as the Darcy parameter increases and at the same time, the values of temperature and Nusselt number are decreased. A significant increase was observed for the values of Nusselt number, temperature, and shear stress under large values of the Forchheimer parameter. The numerical results show a good agreement with available previous works.
Non‐linearity in event runoff generation in a small agricultural catchment
Authors: Vreugdenhil Mariette , Széles Borbála , Salinas José Luis , Strauß Peter , Oismueller Markus , Hogan Patrick , Wagner Wolfgang , Parajka Juraj , Blöschl Günter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the role of soil moisture and other controls in runoff generation is important for predicting runoff across scales. This paper aims to identify the degree of non‐linearity of the relationship between event peak runoff and potential controls for different runoff generation mechanisms in a small agricultural catchment. The study is set in the 66 ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria, where discharge was measured at the catchment outlet and for 11 sub‐catchments or hillslopes with different runoff generation mechanisms. Peak runoff of 73 events was related to three potential controls: event precipitation, soil moisture and groundwater levels. The results suggest that the hillslopes dominated by ephemeral overland flow exhibit the most non‐linear runoff generation behaviour for its controls; runoff is only generated above a threshold of 95% of the maximum soil moisture. Runoff generation through tile drains and in wetlands is more linear. The largest winter and spring events at the catchment outlet are caused by runoff from hillslopes with shallow flow paths (ephemeral overland flow and tile drainage mechanisms), while the largest summer events are caused by other hillslopes, those with deeper flow paths or with saturation areas throughout the year. Therefore, the response of the entire catchment is a mix of the various mechanisms, and the groundwater contribution makes the response more linear. The implications for hydrological modelling are discussed.
Preparation and characterization of a self‐crosslinking sodium alginate‐bioactive glass sponge
Authors: Gong Wensheng , Liu Lingling , Luo Liping , Ji Lijun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this research, bioactive glass particles prepared by the reactive flash nanoprecipitation method (RFNP‐BG particles) are used to crosslink sodium alginate to prepare biological sponges (SA‐BG sponges) by freeze‐drying. An experiment for the cross‐linking mechanism confirms that the continuous release of Ca2+ from RFNP‐BG is promoted by the crosslinking reaction and in turn leads to the gelation process of SA. Bioactive glass particles not only provide Ca2+ for the crosslinking of sodium alginate, but also enhance the mechanical properties of the SA‐BG sponges. The results show that the elastic modulus of the SA‐BG sponges increases from 0.026 MPa to 0.641 MPa, and the resistance to external force deformation is greatly improved; the thermal decomposition temperature increases from 105°C to 166°C; compared with a pure SA sponge, the water resistance is significantly improved. In vitro cell experiments show that the SA‐BG sponges have a certain adverse effect on cell proliferation, but it is in an acceptable range. qPCR results show that the SA‐BG sponges have a certain beneficial effect on promoting osteogenic gene expression. The SA‐BG sponges have great application potential in the fields of medicine, hemostasis, and wound closure.
Impact of community well‐being on individual well‐being: A longitudinal multinational study with 155 countries
Authors: Donnelly Hayoung Kim , Solberg V. Scott H. , Zaff Jonathan F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the current study is to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between subjective community well‐being (CWB) (perception of freedom of choice and social support) and subjective individual well‐being (IWB) (positive and negative affect). Using the World Happiness Report (2019), this study examined the subjective IWB and subjective CWB among 155 countries across an 8‐year period. Using Latent Class Growth Analysis the results indicated that the 155 countries could be classified into three groups—countries reporting high freedom of choice and high social support, low freedom of choice and low social support, and low freedom of choice and high social support. From the results of both a multigroup Growth Mixed Model and a Growth Curve Model, the three groups were found to vary with respect to positive and negative affect with higher positive affect and lower negative affect reported in countries classified as high freedom of choice and high social support, lower positive affect and higher negative affect reported in countries classified as low freedom of choice and low social support, and lower positive and lower negative affect reported in countries classified as low freedom of choice and high social support. These results indicate that country's rated as allowing higher freedom of choice was associated with higher reported positive affect, and country's rated as having stronger social support systems was associated with lower ratings for negative affect.
Cold exposure‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates autophagy through the SIRT2/FoxO1 signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Jingru , Nie Junshu , Chen Zhuo , Wang Xian , Hu Huijie , Xu Jing , Lu Jingjing , Ma Li , Ji Hong , Yuan Jianbin , Xu Bin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCold is a factor affecting health in humans and animals. The liver, a major metabolic center, is highly susceptible to ambient air temperature. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the liver, and regulates the occurrence and development of liver injury and autophagy. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between cold exposure and ER stress in the liver is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of ER stress on liver autophagy and its mechanism under cold exposure. AML12 cells were treated with Tg to construct an ER stress model, and the level of autophagy increased. To further explore the mechanism through which ER stress regulates autophagy, we knocked down SIRT2 with shRNA in Tg‐treated AML12 cells. Knockdown of SIRT2 significantly increased ER stress and autophagy, increased FoxO1 acetylation, and promoted its entry into the nucleus. To further verify the results of in vitro experiments, we exposed mice to 4°C for 3 h per day for 3 weeks to exacerbate the burden on the liver after cold exposure. Cold exposure damaged the structure and function of the liver and promoted the inflammatory response. It also activated ER stress and promoted autophagy. In addition, cold exposure inhibited the expression of SIRT2, promoted FoxO1 acetylation, and enhanced the interaction with autophagy. Our findings indicated that cold exposure induces liver damage, ER stress, and autophagy through the SIRT2/FoxO1 pathway. These findings suggest that SIRT2 may be a potential target for regulating health under cold exposure.
Correlations among noninvasive right ventricular myocardial work indices and the main parameters of systolic and diastolic functions
Authors: Wu Jian , Huang Xinyi , Huang Kunhui , Gao Qiumei , Tian Yuan , Lin Biqin , Tang Yiruo , Chen Xu , Su Maolong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) myocardial work (RVMW) is the latest method used to assess RV function. To date, correlations among RVMW indices and RV systolic and diastolic functions have not been studied.MethodsA total of 106 healthy volunteers (median age, 34 years; 46% male) were prospectively enrolled. RVMW indices were measured using the RV pressure–strain loop using specific software. The correlations among RVMW indices and other RV functions were analyzed.ResultsDuring the multivariate analysis, the RV global work index (RVGWI) was significantly correlated with RV global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) (p < .0001), pulmonary systolic artery pressure (PASP) (p < .0001), and tricuspid annular (TA) plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (p = .036). RV global constructive work (RVGCW) was correlated with RV GLS (p < .0001) and PASP (p < .0001). RV global wasted work (RVGWW) was correlated with RV GLS (p = .008) and TA isovolumetric acceleration (TA IVA) (p = .008). RV global work efficiency (RVGWE) was correlated with RV GLS (p < .0001) and tissue Doppler (TD) RV myocardial performance index (TD RMPI) (p = .043).ConclusionRVMW indices showed good correlations with RV myocardial systolic function.
First description of the MEGDEHL syndrome in the Tunisian population via whole‐exome sequencing: Novel nonsense mutation inSERAC1gene
Authors: Felhi Rahma , Monastiri Kamel , Ben Hamida Hayet , Ammar Marwa , Chioukh Fatma Zohra , Tabarki Brahim , Chouchen Jihene , Fakhfakh Faiza , Tlili Abdelaziz , Mkaouar‐Rebai Emna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionMEGDEL syndrome is a rare recessive disorder, with about 100 cases reported worldwide, which is defined by 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria (MEG), deafness (D), encephalopathy (E) and Leigh‐like syndrome (L). When these manifestations were added to hepatopathy (H), the syndrome was labelled as MEGD(H)EL. Mutations inSERAC1gene encoding a serine active site containing 1 protein were described in patients affected by this syndrome.Patients and methodsThe present study reports the Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of the first case of MEGDEHL syndrome in Tunisia in a consanguineous family with three affected children. Bioinformatic analysis was also performed in addition to mtDNA deletion screening and mtDNA copy number quantification in the blood of the indexed case, carried out, respectively by Long‐Range PCR and qPCR.ResultsThe WES revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.1379G > A; p.W460X) in theSERAC1gene, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This nonsense mutation was present at a homozygous state in the three affected children and was heterozygous in the parents. In silico analysis using various softwares was performed, and the predictive results supported the pathogenic effect of the identified mutation. Further, long‐range PCR and qPCR analyses of the patient's blood excluded any mtDNA deletions or depletions.ConclusionSequencing results and bioinformatic tools confirmed that the novel mutation (p.W460X) in theSERAC1gene causes the severe phenotype in the studied family with MEGDEHL syndrome.