bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the home features in young adults’ representations of loneliness: The impact of COVID‐19
Authors: Sawyer Isabel , Fardghassemi Sam , Joffe Helene 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLoneliness is a rapidly growing problem globally and has attracted a great deal of attention in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Young adults, and in particular, those residing in deprived areas are currently the loneliest group in the United Kingdom. Utilizing a novel‐free association technique, young adults’ experiences of loneliness were explored both prior to (n = 48) and during (n = 35) the COVID‐19 pandemic. Drawing on social representations theory, a thematic analysis revealed that many young adults associated the experience of loneliness with their homes. Therefore, this comparative study aims to investigate how the home features in young adults’ representations of loneliness, prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic using a systematic qualitative methodology. Three salient themes emerged from the data in both periods: ‘The Lonely Home,’ ‘The Socially Connected Home’ and ‘The Safe, Peaceful, Authentic Home’. ‘The Lonely Home’ and ‘The Socially Connected Home’ emerged as a dialogical antimony. Representations of home were similar across the two periods; however, there were some notable differences. In particular, the themes ‘The Socially Connected Home’ and ‘The Safe, Peaceful, Authentic Home’ were less frequently mentioned by the during‐COVID‐19 sample where the ‘The Lonely Home’ was more frequently mentioned by the during‐COVID‐19 sample. Overall, discussion of the home was more negatively valenced in the during‐COVID‐19 sample compared to the pre‐COVID‐19 sample. This comparative, exploratory study alerts us to the nature of the role that home plays in exacerbating or ameliorating loneliness both prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Metabolomics analysis of human plasma reveals decreased production of trimethylamine N‐oxide retards the progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hu Da‐Yong , Wu Ming‐Yu , Chen Guang‐Qi , Deng Bing‐Qing , Yu Hai‐Bo , Huang Jian , Luo Ying , Li Meng‐Yuan , Zhao Da‐Ke , Liu Jun‐Yan 
Published: April 2022

Background and PurposeChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem and one of the leading causes of all‐cause mortality. However, the pathogenic mechanisms and intervention methods for CKD progression are not fully understood.Experimental ApproachPlasma from patients with uraemia and from healthy controls (n = 30 per group) was analysed with LC‐MS/MS‐based non‐targeted metabolomics to identify potential markers of uraemia. These potential markers were validated in the same cohort and a second cohort (n = 195) by quantitative analysis of the markers, using LC‐MS/MS. The most promising marker was identified by correlation analysis and further validated using HK‐2 cells and mouse models.Key ResultsTrimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) was identified as a promising marker among the 18 potential markers found in the first cohort, and it was optimally correlated with renal function of CKD patients in the second cohort. Treatment of HK‐2 cells with TMAO decreased cell viability and up‐regulated expression of α‐smooth muscle actin. In mice, a TMAO‐containing diet decreased kidney mass and increased protein expression of α‐smooth muscle actin. Also, control of TMAO production by inhibiting its biosynthetic pathway with 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butanol or disrupting gut microbiota function with an antibiotic cocktail, attenuated renal injury in a murine model of CKD.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur data show that decreased TMAO production could be a new strategy to attenuate the progression of renal injury in CKD.
Stratigraphic evolution and karstification of a Cretaceous Mid‐Pacific atoll (Resolution Guyot) resolved from core‐log‐seismic integration and comparison with modern and ancient analogues
Authors: El‐Yamani Mahmoud S. , John Cédric M. , Bell Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtolls are faithful recorders helping us understand eustatic variations, the evolution of carbonate production through time, and changes in magmatic hotspots activity. Several early Cretaceous Mid‐Pacific atolls were previously investigated through ocean drilling, but due to the low quality of vintage seismic data available, few spatial constraints exist on their stratigraphic evolution and large‐scale diagenesis. Here, we present results from an integrated core‐log‐seismic study at Resolution Guyot and comparison with modern and ancient analogues. We identify six seismic‐stratigraphic units: (1) platform initiation with aggradation and backstepping through the Hauterivian which ended by platform emersion; (2) reflooding of the platform with progradation and aggradation through the Barremian till the early‐Aptian when ocean anoxic event 1a resulted in incipient drowning; (3) platform backstepping till the mid‐Aptian when the platform shifted to progradation and aggradation till the mid‐Albian; (4) platform emersion; (5) reflooding with backstepping ending at the latest‐Albian by platform emersion; and (6) final drowning. The stratigraphic surfaces bounding these units are coeval with some of the Cretaceous eustatic events, which suggest an eustatic control on the evolution of this atoll and confirm that several previously reported sea‐level variations in the early Cretaceous are driven by eustasy. Changes in subsidence and carbonate production rates and suspected later magmatism have also impacted the stratigraphic evolution. The suspected later magmatism could lead to environmental perturbations and potentially platform demise. Contrary to previous studies, we identify two emersion events during the mid‐ and late‐Albian which resulted in intensive meteoric dissolution and karstification. The platform margin syndepositional fractures interacted with the subaerial exposure events by focusing the dissolution which formed vertically stacked flank‐margin fracture‐cave system. The study gives a unique insight into the interplay between eustasy, subsidence, and volcanic activity(ies) on long‐term evolution of early Cretaceous shallow‐marine carbonates. It also documents the impact and distribution of hypogenic and epigenic fluid‐flow in atolls serving as an analogue for isolated carbonate platforms.
Cover Image
Authors: Arnal Helene M. , Angioni Charles D. , Gaultier Frederick , Urbinelli Renaud , Urban Istvan A. 
Published: April 2022

The cover image is based on the Research Article Horizontal guided bone regeneration on knife‐edge ridges: A retrospective case‐control pilot study comparing two surgical techniques by Helene Arnal et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13073.image
A decrease in peripheral thyroid hormone conversion efficiency in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and L‐T3 as a possible alternative therapeutic escape option
Authors: Verelst Faro R. , Beyens Michiel Marcel Jozef , Vandenbroucke Elke , Forceville Katheleen , (Th. B) Twickler Marcel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHypothyroidism is a frequently occurring side effect in patients under treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Actually, the origin of hypothyroidism with ICI use is classified as a primary (thyroid) or as secondary/tertiary hypothyroidism (hypothalamus‐pituitary). Treatment consists of levothyroxine (L‐T4) substitution. Recently, we were rarely confronted with a clinically overt hypothyroidism in three patients under treatment with ICIs who were non‐responsive to T4 therapy. As a therapeutical escape, liothyronine (L‐T3) was started with a significant clinical and/or biochemical improvement suggesting an underlying functional defect in the peripheral free T4 (fT4) to free T3 (fT3) conversion (as supported by calculation of SPINA‐GD). Against this background, we discussed our three patients along an extended review of this clinical topic.
Precise functional connections between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and areas recruited for physical inference
Authors: Navarro‐Cebrián Ana , Fischer Jason 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent work has identified brain areas that are engaged when people predict how the physical behaviour of the world will unfold—an ability termed intuitive physics. Among the many unanswered questions about the neural mechanisms of intuitive physics is where the key inputs come from: Which brain regions connect up with intuitive physics processes to regulate when and how they are engaged in service of our goals? In the present work, we targeted the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) for study based on characteristics that make it well‐positioned to regulate intuitive physics processes. The dACC is richly interconnected with frontoparietal regions and is implicated in mapping contexts to actions, a process that would benefit from physical predictions to indicate which action(s) would produce the desired physical outcomes. We collected resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in 17 participants and used independent task‐related runs to find the pattern of activity during a physical inference task in each individual participant. We found that the strongest resting state functional connections of the dACC not only aligned well with physical inference‐related activity at the group level, it also mirrored individual differences in the positioning of physics‐related activity across participants. Our results suggest that the dACC might be a key structure for regulating the engagement of intuitive physics processes in the brain.
Electrophysiological, histopathological, and biochemical evaluation of the protective effect of probiotic supplementation against pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures in rats
Authors: Aygun Hatice , Akin Ali Tuğrul , Kızılaslan Nildem , Sumbul Orhan , Karabulut Derya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeResearch on the relationship between the gut microbiome and epilepsy is accumulating. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizures in rats.MethodsTwenty‐one adult male Wistar albino rats were included. The animals were divided into three groups of seven rats. Group 1 was a control group, whereas Group 2 rats received PTZ treatment and Group 3 rats had PTZ+PB (probiotic) treatment. For 6 weeks, Groups 1 and 2 were given saline (1 ml), whereas Group 3 had probiotic supplement. In the 5th week, tripolar electrodes were attached to the rats. Electrophysiological, behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed in the 6 weeks after the treatment.ResultsPB treatment significantly reduced seizures. In the PTZ group, expression levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor (NGF), and Sox2 (SRY sex‐determining region Y‐box 2) in rat brains decreased significantly compared to the control group, whereas the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), total oxidant status (TOS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels increased. In the PTZ+PB group, NGF expression increased significantly compared to the PTZ group, whereas TNF‐α, IL‐6, TOS, and NO levels decreased. In histopathological examination, an abundance of necrotic neurons was notable in the PTZ group, which was less in the PTZ+PB group. In addition, body weight of the group supplemented with probiotics decreased after the treatment.ConclusionsOur results suggest that probiotic supplementation may alleviate seizure severity and exert neuroprotective effects by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and altering the expression of neurotrophins in epileptogenic brains.
Employing sequential experiments to gain insights on the interaction between creep and fatigue damage in Ni‐base superalloys
Authors: Gorgannejad Sanam , Estrada Rodas Ernesto A. , Neu Richard W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe interaction between creep and fatigue damage in Ni‐base superalloy CMSX‐8 was explored using a sequential workflow that decouples creep and fatigue steps to quantify how accumulated creep damage interacts with subsequent isothermal low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) and vice versa. Two workflows were considered: creep followed by LCF and LCF followed by creep. For the first workflow, the subsequent LCF was evaluated at temperatures of 20°C, 750°C, and 1100°C. It was found that the extent of deleterious interaction of prior creep on LCF depended on increasing subsequent fatigue test temperature. For the LCF followed by creep, fatigue tests were first conducted at 20°C and 1100°C to 60% of life, and then creep was conducted at 800°C, where primary creep is promoted, or 900°C, where primary creep is absent. LCF damage accumulated at 1100°C accelerated creep and decreased ductility, while fatigue damage at room temperature had minimal effect on the creep behavior.
The impact of co‐location employment partnerships within the Australian mental health service and policy context: A systematic review
Authors: Mallick Sue , Islam Md Shahidul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdults with a serious persistent mental illness (SPMI) express a strong desire to work. However, they continue to experience higher levels of unemployment, barriers, and occupational exclusion that impact their vocational outcomes and choice of work. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of co‐location partnerships between adult mental health and disability employment services (DES) on employment outcomes and consumer choice of work for adults with a SPMI. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, a systematic literature review was conducted by searching four databases. The relationship between mental health, employment, and DES was examined. Inclusion criteria were adults with a SPMI; employment services and outcomes; and job retention and sustainability. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. All studies were peer‐reviewed, Australian‐based, and published between 01 January 2017 and 30 August 2021. Individual placement and support (IPS); DES practice, funding, policy, and reform within the Australian mental health system; and barriers to participation in DES were the three main themes that emerged. Findings highlight the importance of joint, co‐location partnerships between mental health and employment services, including a collaborative approach to policy reform between both services, to assist adults with a SPMI to gain and sustain competitive employment. Vocational, non‐vocational, systemic, and structural barriers still exist; hence, adults with a SPMI continue to face challenges with gaining and sustaining long‐term employment. Hence, it is important for these partnerships to be systematically set up to support the complexity of the employment journey for adults with a SPMI.
Adherence to screening and management guidelines of maternal Group B Streptococcus colonization in pregnancy
Authors: Pangerl Sabine , Sundin Deborah , Geraghty Sadie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization in pregnancy; adherence to antenatal GBS screening and adherence to the intrapartum antibiotics protocol within two models of care (midwifery and non‐midwifery led).DesignThis retrospective quantitative study has employed a descriptive design using administrative health data.MethodsData from five maternity hospitals in metropolitan and regional Western Australia that included 22,417 pregnant women who gave birth between 2015 and 2019 were examined, applying descriptive statistics using secondary data analysis.ResultsThe study revealed an overall GBS colonization rate of 21.7% with similar rates in the different cohorts. A lower adherence to screening was found in the midwifery led model of care (MMC, 68.76%,n = 7232) when compared with the non‐midwifery led model of care (NMMC, 90.49%,n = 10,767). Over the 5 years, screening rates trended down in the MMC with stable numbers in the counterpart. Adherence in relation to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis revealed discrepant findings between the study groups.ConclusionAdherence to screening and management guidelines of maternal GBS colonization in pregnancy is lower within the MMC when compared with the NMMC.ImpactThis is the first cohort study to describe the adherence to the recommended Western Australian GBS screening guidelines in the two different models of care. Findings may assist in the guidance and improvement of clinical protocols as well as the planning of clinical care in relation to GBS screening to reduce the risk of neonatal GBS infection.
The effects of subjective socioeconomic status on conspicuous consumption
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Bingjie , Lin Shuyuan , Liu Lin , Wu Yufei , Cui Lijuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConspicuous consumption, the purchase, and exhibit of expensive and luxury items to signal wealth and status to others, is common in everyday life. Although conspicuous consumption seems to be exclusive to high‐status people, past research suggests that conspicuous consumption also allows people to compensate for feeling being lower in the social hierarchy. Four studies (Study 1a: N = 242; Study 1b: N = 208; Study 2, N = 242; Study 3, N = 128) examined the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and conspicuous consumption, and the moderating role of social mobility beliefs. We found that people with low subjective SES are more likely to engage in conspicuous consumption (Studies 1a, 1b, and 2). We also provided evidence for the joint effect of subjective SES and social mobility belief on conspicuous consumption, such that low subjective SES people who perceive low social mobility are more prone to conspicuous consumption than other people (Studies 2 and 3). The findings are robust to whether subjective SES was measured (Studies 1a) or manipulated (Studies 1b, 2, and 3) and various forms of conspicuous consumption. The current research contributes to the literature on SES, conspicuous consumption, and social mobility belief. Practical implications and future directions are discussed.
Use of the AGREE II instrument to evaluate critical care practice guidelines addressing pharmacotherapy
Authors: Linn Dustin D. , Beckett Robert D. , Faust Andrew C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been evaluated for reporting transparency and methodological quality in a number of studies in various disciplines, but few studies have focused on critical care and none on pharmacotherapy‐related guidelines specifically. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of critical care CPGs with a focus on pharmacotherapy using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.MethodA cross‐sectional study of CPGs published from 2013 through August 2021 was conducted. Following establishment of interrater reliability, guidelines were independently evaluated by three reviewers to rate guidelines on criteria set forth by the AGREE II instrument. Domain scores and item scores were calculated using the AGREE II user manual, and results described with descriptive statistics.ResultsOut of 192 guidelines identified, 73 met inclusion criteria and were screened using the AGREE II instrument. Most guidelines were authored by a professional organization or government agency. Domain quality scores were calculated for each domain as recommended by the AGREE II instrument. Domain 4 (clarity of presentation) had the highest AGREE II domain score with a median score of 87.0% (interquartile range: 79.6%−92.6%). Domain 5 (applicability) received the lowest domain score with a mean score of 41.8 ± 21.1%. The majority of guidelines were recommended for use as published or with modifications, while only six guidelines (8.2%) were not recommended for use.ConclusionsThe majority of critical care guidelines that include pharmacotherapy recommendations were recommended for use by study authors when the AGREE II instrument was applied. While guidelines generally scored highly in clarity of presentation, additional time and effort should focus on providing solutions to guideline implementation and inclusion of patient preferences.
Molecular detection of a novel perkinsid associated with the deep‐sea clam Phreagena okutanii
Authors: Takishita Kiyotaka , Ikuta Tetsuro , Komatsu Miho , Sakaba Norika , Yoshida Takao , Otsubo Mayuko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on environmental DNA surveys, it is widely held that phylogenetically diverse protists exist in chemosynthetic ecosystems. However, knowledge regarding the protists associated with the endemic animals inhabiting these environments is still very limited. In the present study, utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, we detected fragments of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA genes from a particular protist in the gills of the vesicomyid clam Phreagena okutanii (formerly described as Calyptogena okutanii), a representative animal in chemosynthetic ecosystems. Based on the phylogeny of the SSU rRNA gene, the organism in question belongs to the genus Perkinsus, which is exclusively composed of protistan parasites infecting mollusks. Intriguingly, based on the ITS phylogeny, this protist was not related to any known Perkinsus species and was deeply branched within the radiation of this genus, thus represents an undescribed species. In addition, the protist detected by PCR was localized to the intercellular spaces in the gills of the host clam with fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although the ecological significance of this novel deep‐sea perkinsid remains unclear, our present findings may provide important insights into the diversity of the genus Perkinsus.
News Shocks, Business Cycles, and the Disinflation Puzzle
Authors: BOUAKEZ HAFEDH , KEMOE LAURENT 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe argue that key findings of the empirical literature on the effects of news about future technology—including their tendency to generate negative comovement of macro‐economic aggregates, and their puzzling disinflationary nature—are due to measurement errors in total factor productivity (TFP). In this paper, we estimate the macro‐economic effects of news shocks in the United States using an agnostic identification approach that is robust to measurement errors. We find no evidence of negative comovement conditional on a news shock, and the disinflation puzzle essentially vanishes under our identification strategy. Our results also indicate that news shocks have become an important driver of business‐cycle fluctuations in recent years.