bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-oncologic incidental uptake on FAPI PET/CT imaging
Authors: Hotta Masatoshi , Rieger Angela C , Jafarvand Mahbod G , Menon Nandakumar , Farolfi Andrea , Benz Matthias R , Calais Jeremie 
Published: July 2022

Fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease classified in the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) family. FAP is predominantly expressed in activated fibroblasts such as the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). FAP expression in CAFs is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in solid cancers. Recently, radiolabeled FAP inhibitors (FAPI) has been developed, which enables positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of FAP. FAPI PET/CT can provide a higher tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) than 18F-fludeoxyglucose PET/CT in various cancers, and thus has attracted substantial attention. As studies on FAPI PET grow in number and size, incidental findings related to non-oncologic conditions have been increasingly reported. FAPI PET uptake has been reported in various conditions such as benign tumors, fibrotic, granulomatosis, scarring/wound, degenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. The knowledge of physiological and non-oncologic causes of FAPI uptake is indispensable for accurate FAPI PET/CT interpretation and can help appropriate management of incidental findings on FAPI PET/CT in patients referred for cancer staging indications. In this review article, we describe for each organ system (Brain, Oral mucosa, Salivary Glands, Thyroid, Lung, Myocardium, Breast, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Kidney, , Uterus, Bone marrow, Joints, Muscle, Vessels, Lymph nodes), the patterns of physiological FAPI uptake and the main causes of non-oncological uptake reported from the literature with FAPI-02, FAPI-04 and FAPI-46. We also illustrate some examples from our institutional database at UCLA.
FEATURES OF THE INTERACTION OF BONE TISSUES AND SCREW DENTAL IMPLANTS MADE OF TITANIUM NICKELIDE WITH PERMEABLE POROSITY IN COMBINATION WITH FINE-PROFILE MESH TITANIUM NICKELIDE
Authors: Radkevich Andrey A. , Stynke Georgiy M. , Sinyuk Ilya V. , Chizhov Yury V. , Mamedov Rasim H. , Varlamov Pyotr G. 
Published: July 2022

Goal. To study the patterns of interaction between the bone structures of the recipient zones and screw dental implants made of titanium nickelide having through permeable porosity in combination with fine-profile mesh titanium nickelide.
Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 15 mongrel rabbits of both sexes aged 1-1.5 years. Cylindrical porous screw nickel-titanium implants were installed in the thickness of the mandibular bone in combination with knitted thin-profile superelastic mesh titanium nickelide. To study the features of reparative osteogenesis, the material was collected 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the implants were installed.
Results. The conducted studies have shown that in the implantation zone the regenerate was a spongy and compact bone tissue in accordance with the localization, closer or further from the compact layer of the recipient bone.
Conclusion. Due to the biocompatibility of titanium nickelide-based alloys with biological tissues, bone tissue from the recipient regions grows into the system of the porous part of the implantable structures and into the thickness of the mesh structure of thin-profile knitted titanium nickelide with the formation of a single bone organotypic regenerate between them.
QSAR MODELING OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Osipov Alexander L. , Trushina Veronika P. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Development of QSAR models and investigation of their effectiveness for predicting antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives.
Materials and methods. Experimental data on the antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were used for scientific research. The obtained data were processed using QSAR modeling methods using molecular descriptors automatically generated from structural formulas.
Results. New QSAR models for predicting antifungal activity based on six physico-chemical parameters of chemicals are presented. A comparative analysis of QSAR models was carried out. A model has been identified that has the best statistical parameters: MAE=0.088; MAPE=8.63; forecast accuracy=91.37%; MSE=0.013; RMSE=0.1145. Among the six factors, the most significant ones were identified.
Conclusion. As a result of the conducted studies, QSAR models for predicting the antifungal activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were identified and analyzed. From one to six molecular descriptors were taken as features in the models. The factors that make the greatest contribution to the prediction of antifungal activity were evaluated. The best models are selected based on the calculated statistical parameters.
TREATMENT OF UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCES AFTER AESTHETIC BLEPHAROPLASTY
Authors: Pakhomova Regina A. , Kochetova Tatyana F. , Kalashnikova Natalia G. , Tokmakova Victoria O. 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the work is to improve the results of postoperative complications of the lower eyelid after blepharoplasty.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 14 patients in the postoperative period after blepharoplasty was conducted. All patients had a diagnosis: Age-related changes in the skin of the upper and lower eyelids (ptosis of the skin of the eyelids) before surgery and after surgery, patients had complications with the diagnosis: Dislocation of the lower eyelid, in the postoperative period. In the early postoperative period (up to 6 months), all patients with complications underwent non-surgical correction. Patients were divided into two groups: 1 group - traditional conservative therapy was used, including massage and administration of a glucocorticosteroid solution, 2 group - author's treatment scheme using an erbium laser (Er: YAG, 20940 nm).
Results. A retrospective study was conducted and it was proved that the author's scheme using an erbium laser (Er: YAG, 20940 nm) gives positive treatment results. Errors in the diagnosis and planning of the volume of surgery, surgical errors, in our opinion, are the main causes of formidable complications that affect the function of the vision organ. Despite the fact that aesthetic blepharoplasty by many surgeons is considered as the simplest surgical intervention and mastered by novice surgeons in the first place, one should not forget about "pitfalls" and possible dramatic consequences, which are caused by neglect of the nuances and precision of surgical equipment, as well as errors in the diagnosis and planning of the volume of surgery.
Conclusion. Aesthetic blepharoplasty is an operation that requires the individual approach of highly qualified specialists. To avoid the development of complications, not only the degree of atrophy of the skin of the eyelids, but also the peculiarities of the structure of the eyelids and the periorbital region should be taken into account.
Service Network Design for Same-Day Delivery with Hub Capacity Constraints
Authors: Wu Haotian , Herszterg Ian , Savelsbergh Martin , Huang Yixiao 
Published: July 2022

We study a new service network design problem for an urban same-day delivery system in which the number of vehicles that can simultaneously load or unload at a hub is limited. Due to the presence of both time constraints for the commodities and capacity constraints at the hubs, it is no longer guaranteed that a feasible solution exists. The problem can be modeled on a time-expanded network and formulated as an integer program. To be able to solve real-world instances, we design and implement three heuristics: (1) an integer programming–based heuristic, (2) a metaheuristic, and (3) a hybrid matheuristic. An extensive computational study using real-world instances (with different geographies, market sizes, and service offerings) from one of China’s leading comprehensive express logistics service providers demonstrates the efficacy of the three heuristics. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1155 .
Public Transport-Based Crowd-Shipping with Backup Transfers
Authors: Kızıl Kerim U. , Yıldız Barış 
Published: July 2022

With the rising urbanization and booming e-commerce, traditional last-mile delivery systems fail to satisfy the need for faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly deliveries. Several new approaches are put forward as an alternative to classical delivery systems in this regard, yet none of them offers the same level of flexibility, capacity, reliability, and managerial control by itself. This paper proposes a new last-mile delivery model that combines several new approaches and technologies to address this issue. More precisely, we suggest using public transit as a backbone network completed by automated service points, crowd-shipping, and backup transfers with zero-emission vehicles to provide a low-cost and environmentally friendly express delivery service. The design problem for the envisioned system is formulated as a two-stage stochastic program, and a branch-and-price (BP) algorithm is devised to solve it. Taking advantage of the nearly decomposable structure that would emerge in possible real-world applications, our study presents the first example of using decomposition branching in a BP framework to enhance computational efficiency. Extensive computational studies and simulations with real-world data reveal valuable managerial insights for the proposed system and attest to the efficacy of the suggested methodology. Funding: This work was supported by Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu [Grant 218M605] and Bilim Akademisi. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1157 .
Neurodiversity and Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Dillon Maria , D'Souza Edwina , Edwards Ian 
Published: July 2022

‘Neurodiversity’ is a term used to describe people with neurological variation; this includes people with autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Studies have shown an increased prevalence of malocclusion and dental trauma in people with these conditions. Unfortunately, a lack of understanding around such neurological differences can create barriers when accessing orthodontic care. The aim of this article is to raise awareness around the subject and to suggest reasonable adjustments to practice which may subsequently be used by the orthodontic team to improve the patient experience. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Recognition of neurodiversity and the need to make reasonable adjustments to orthodontic care may aid compliance and improve outcomes in this group of patients.
Pelvic tilt from supine to standing in patients with symptomatic acetabular retroversion of the hip
Authors: Jenkinson Mark R. J. , Peeters Wouter , Hutt Jonathan R. B. , Witt Johan D. 
Published: July 2022

AimsAcetabular retroversion is a recognized cause of hip impingement and can be influenced by pelvic tilt (PT), which changes in different functional positions. Positional changes in PT have not previously been studied in patients with acetabular retroversion.MethodsSupine and standing anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs were retrospectively analyzed in 69 patients treated for symptomatic acetabular retroversion. Measurements were made for acetabular index (AI), lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), crossover index, ischial spine sign, and posterior wall sign. The change in the angle of PT was measured both by the sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle and the pubic symphysis to sacroiliac (PS-SI) index.ResultsIn the supine position, the mean PT (by SFP) was 1.05° (SD 3.77°), which changed on standing to a PT of 8.64° (SD 5.34°). A significant increase in posterior PT from supine to standing of 7.59° (SD 4.5°; SFP angle) and 5.89° (SD 3.33°; PS-SI index) was calculated (p < 0.001). There was a good correlation in PT change between measurements using SFP angle and PS-SI index (0.901 in the preoperative group and 0.815 in the postoperative group). Signs of retroversion were significantly reduced in standing radiographs compared to supine: crossover index (0.16 (SD 0.16) vs 0.38 (SD 0.15); p < 0.001), crossover sign (19/28 hips vs 28/28 hips; p < 0.001), ischial spine sign (10/28 hips vs 26/28 hips; p < 0.001), and posterior wall sign (12/28 hips vs 24/28 hips; p < 0.001).ConclusionPosterior PT increased from supine to standing in patients with symptomatic acetabular retroversion. The features of acetabular retroversion were less evident on standing radiographs. The low PT angle in the supine position is a factor in the increased appearance of acetabular retroversion. Patients presenting with symptoms of hip impingement should be assessed by supine and standing pelvic radiographs to highlight signs of acetabular retroversion, and to assist with optimizing acetabular correction at the time of surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):786–791.
Hip dysplasia in adolescence: osteotomy in childhood improves the results of periacetabular osteotomy in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Kamil , Czubak-Wrzosek Maria , Kwiatkowska Magdalena , Czubak Jaroslaw 
Published: July 2022

Aims Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) describes a pathological relationship between the femoral head and acetabulum. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) may be used to treat this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of PAO in adolescents and adults with persistent DDH. Methods Patients were divided into four groups: A, adolescents who had not undergone surgery for DDH in childhood (25 hips); B, adolescents who had undergone surgery for DDH in childhood (20 hips); C, adults with DDH who had not undergone previous surgery (80 hips); and D, a control group of patients with healthy hips (70 hips). The radiological evaluation of digital anteroposterior views of hips included the Wiberg angle (centre-edge angle (CEA)), femoral head cover (FHC), medialization, distalization, and the ilioischial angle. Clinical assessment involved the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and gluteal muscle performance assessment. Results Significant improvements in radiological parameters were achieved in all measurements in all groups (p < 0.05). The greatest improvement was in CEA (mean of 19° (17.2° to 22.3°) in Group B), medialization (mean of 3 mm (0.9 to 5.2) in Group C), distalization (mean of 6 mm (3.5 to 8.2) in Group B), FHC (mean of 17% (12.7% to 21.2%) in Group B), and ilioischial angle (mean of 5° (2.3° to 8.1°) in Group B). There were significant improvements in the mean HHS and gluteal muscle performance scores postoperatively in all three groups. Conclusion The greatest correction of radiological parameters and clinical outcomes was found in patients who had undergone hip surgery in childhood. Although the surgical treatment of DDH in childhood makes subsequent hip surgery more difficult due to scarring, adhesions, and altered anatomy, it requires less correction of the deformity and has a beneficial effect on the outcome of PAO in adolescence and early adulthood. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):775–780.
Accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products contributes to age-related impairment of gap junction intercellular communication in osteocytes of male mice
Authors: Tu Chen , Lai Siqi , Huang Zhiwei , Cai Guixing , Zhao Kai , Gao Jiawen , Wu Zhiyong , Zhong Zhaoming 
Published: July 2022

AimsGap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in osteocytes is impaired by oxidative stress, which is associated with age-related bone loss. Ageing is accompanied by the accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). However, it is still unknown whether AOPP accumulation is involved in the impairment of osteocytes’ GJIC. This study aims to investigate the effect of AOPP accumulation on osteocytes’ GJIC in aged male mice and its mechanism.MethodsChanges in AOPP levels, expression of connexin43 (Cx43), osteocyte network, and bone mass were detected in 18-month-old and three-month-old male mice. Cx43 expression, GJIC function, mitochondria membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation were detected in murine osteocyte-like cells (MLOY4 cells) treated with AOPPs. The Cx43 expression, osteocyte network, bone mass, and mechanical properties were detected in three-month-old mice treated with AOPPs for 12 weeks.ResultsThe AOPP levels were increased in aged mice and correlated with degeneration of osteocyte network, loss of bone mass, and decreased Cx43 expression. AOPP intervention induced NADPH oxidase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, triggered ROS generation, reduced Cx43 expression, and ultimately impaired osteocytes’ GJIC, which were ameliorated by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic (mito-TEMPO), and ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. Chronic AOPP loading accelerated the degradation of osteocyte networks and decreased Cx43 expression, resulting in deterioration of bone mass and mechanical properties in vivo.ConclusionOur study suggests that AOPP accumulation contributes to age-related impairment of GJIC in osteocytes of male mice, which may be part of the pathogenic mechanism responsible for bone loss during ageing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(7):413–425.
Surgical challenges, novel techniques, and systemic treatment of giant cell tumour of bone of the distal radius
Authors: van der Heijden Lizz , Bindt Sjaan , Scorianz Maurizio , Ng Colin , Gibbons Max C. L. H. , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Campanacci Domenico A. 
Published: July 2022

AimsGiant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) treatment changed since the introduction of denosumab from purely surgical towards a multidisciplinary approach, with recent concerns of higher recurrence rates after denosumab. We evaluated oncological, surgical, and functional outcomes for distal radius GCTB, with a critically appraised systematic literature review.MethodsWe included 76 patients with distal radius GCTB in three sarcoma centres (1990 to 2019). Median follow-up was 8.8 years (2 to 23). Seven patients underwent curettage, 38 curettage with adjuvants, and 31 resection; 20 had denosumab.ResultsRecurrence rate was 71% (5/7) after curettage, 32% (12/38) after curettage with adjuvants, and 6% (2/31) after resection. Median time to recurrence was 17 months (4 to 77). Recurrences were treated with curettage with adjuvants (11), resection (six), or curettage (two). Overall, 84% (38/45) was cured after one to thee intralesional procedures. Seven patients had 12 months neoadjuvant denosumab (5 to 15) and sixmonths adjuvant denosumab; two recurred (29%). Twelve patients had six months neoadjuvant denosumab (4 to 10); five recurred (42%). Two had pulmonary metastases (2.6%), both stable after denosumab. Complication rate was 18% (14/76, with 11 requiring surgery). At follow-up, median MusculoSkeletal Tumour Society score was 28 (18 to 30), median Short Form-36 Health Survey was 86 (41 to 95), and median Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand was 7.8 (0 to 58).ConclusionDistal radius GCTB treatment might deviate from general GCTB treatment because of complexity of wrist anatomy and function. Novel insights on surgical treatment are presented in this multicentre study and systematic review. Intralesional surgery resulted in high recurrence-rate for distal radius GCTB, also with additional denosumab. The large majority of patients however, were cured after repeated curettage. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):515–528.
The role of ‘non-knowledge’ in crisis policymaking: a proposal and agenda for future research
Authors: Hannah Adam , Tchilingirian Jordan , Botterill Linda , Attwell Katie 
Published: July 2022

Background:Recent complex and cross-boundary policy problems, such as climate change, pandemics, and financial crises, have recentred debates about state capacity, democratic discontent and the ‘crisis of expertise’. These problems are contested and open to redefinition, misunderstanding, spin, and deception, challenging the ability of policymakers to locate, discriminate, comprehend, and respond to competing sources of knowledge and expertise. We argue that ‘non-knowledge’ is an under-explored aspect of responses to major policy crises.
Key points:While discussed in recent work in sociology and other social sciences, non-knowledge has been given less explicit attention in policy studies, and is not fully captured by orthodox understandings of knowledge and evidence use. We outline three main forms of non-knowledge that challenge public agencies: amnesia, ignorance and misinformation. In each case, ‘non-knowledge’ is not simply the absence of policy-relevant knowledge. Amnesia refers to what is forgotten, reinvented or ‘unlearned’, while claims of ignorance involve obscuring or casting aside of relevant knowledge that could (or even should) be available. To be misinformed is to actively believe false or misleading information. In each instance, non-knowledge may have strategic value for policy actors or aid the pursuit of self-interest.
Conclusions and implications:We demonstrate the relevance of non-knowledge through a brief case study, emerging from the inquiry into the COVID-19 hotel quarantine programme in the Australian state of Victoria. We argue that both amnesia and ‘practical’ forms of ignorance contributed to failures during the early part of the programme.
Graphical analysis of guideline adherence to detect systemwide anomalies in HIV diagnostic testing
Authors: Hauser Ronald George , Bhargava Ankur , Brandt Cynthia A. , Chartier Maggie , Maier Marissa M. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Analyses of electronic medical databases often compare clinical practice to guideline recommendations. These analyses have a limited ability to simultaneously evaluate many interconnected medical decisions. We aimed to overcome this limitation with an alternative method and apply it to the diagnostic workup of HIV, where misuse can contribute to HIV transmission, delay care, and incur unnecessary costs.

Methods
We used graph theory to assess patterns of HIV diagnostic testing in a national healthcare system. We modeled the HIV diagnostic testing guidelines as a directed graph. Each node in the graph represented a test, and the edges pointed from one test to the next in chronological order. We then graphed each patient’s HIV testing. This set of patient-level graphs was aggregated into a single graph. Finally, we compared the two graphs, the first representing the recommended approach to HIV diagnostic testing and the second representing the observed patterns of HIV testing, to assess for clinical practice deviations.

Results
The HIV diagnostic testing of 1.643 million patients provided 8.790 million HIV diagnostic test results for analysis. Significant deviations from recommended practice were found including the use of HIV resistance tests (n = 3,007) and HIV nucleic acid tests (n = 16,567) instead of the recommended HIV screen.

Conclusions
We developed a method that modeled a complex medical scenario as a directed graph. When applied to HIV diagnostic testing, we identified deviations in clinical practice from guideline recommendations. The model enabled the identification of intervention targets and prompted systemwide policy changes to enhance HIV detection.