bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Eddy Simulation and Acoustic Analysis of Combustion Instability in an Annular Combustor with Low-Swirl Flames
Authors: Liu Weijie , Jiang Jingjing , Xue Ranran , Su He , Wang Xionghui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Self-excited combustion instability in an annular combustor with low-swirl flames is studied with the combination of LES and acoustic solvers. Acoustic analysis with a Helmholtz solver provides an estimate of frequencies and modal structure in the annular combustor. LES gives detailed modal dynamics at specific instability modes. Combustion instabilities in the annular combustor including longitudinal, spinning and standing modes are successfully captured in single LES. Numerical results show the instability modes are not constant, they switch among these modes randomly and rapidly. The flow oscillates back and forth in phase with the largest pressure amplitude locating near the outlet of the injectors for the longitudinal mode. The azimuthal instability oscillates at the 1A2L mode of the annular system. In the spinning mode, the pressure anti-nodes move forwards while the modal structure keeps constant. For the standing mode, the locations of pressure anti-nodes are fixed in the annular combustor and the fluctuations at the pressure anti-nodes keep out of phase. The near-zero value of mean spin ratio indicates the dominant azimuthal mode is the standing mode. The azimuthal modes captured by LES are in good agreements with that predicted by Helmholtz solver in terms of frequency and modal structure. The maximum deviation of the predicted frequency is less than 5%. This adds values before putting the low-swirl injector into the actual annular combustor.
Construction and Validation of the Oxford Neurodevelopment Assessment (OX- NDA) in 1-year-old Brazilian Children
Authors: Fernandes Michelle , Bassani Diego , Albernaz Elaine , Bertoldi Andréa , Silveira Mariangela Freitas , Matijsevich Alicia , Anselmi Luciana , Cruz Suélen , Halal Camila S , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Cruz Gloria Isabel Nino , Metgud Deepa , Santos Ina S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Over 250 million children under 5 years, globally, are at risk of developmental delay. Interventions during the first 2 years of life have enduring positive effects if children at risk are identified, using standardized assessments, within this window. However, identifying developmental delay during infancy is challenging and there are limited infant development assessments suitable for use in low- and middle-income (LMIC) settings. Here, we describe a new tool, the Oxford Neurodevelopment Assessment (OX-NDA), measuring cognition, language, motor, and behaviour, outcomes in 1-year-old children. We present the results of its evaluation against the Bayley Scales of Infant Development IIIrd edition (BSID-III) and its psychometric properties.Methods: Sixteen international tools measuring infant development were analysed to inform the OX-NDA’s construction. Its agreement with the BSID-III, for cognitive, motor and language domains, was evaluated using intra-class correlations (ICCs, for absolute agreement), Bland-Altman analyses (for bias and limits of agreement), and sensitivity and specificity analyses (for accuracy) in 104 Brazilian children, aged 12 months (SD 8.4 days), recruited from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Behaviour was not evaluated, as the BSID-III’s adaptive behaviour scale was not included in the cohort’s protocol. Cohen’s kappas and Cronbach’s alphas were calculated to determine the OX-NDA’s reliability and internal consistency respectively. Results: Agreement was moderate for cognition and motor outcomes (ICCs 0.63 and 0.68, p<0.001) and low for language outcomes (ICC 0.30, p<0.04). Bland-Altman analysis showed little to no bias between measures across domains. The OX-NDA’s sensitivity and specificity for predicting moderate-to-severe delay on the BSID-III was 76%, 73% and 43% and 75%, 80% and 33% for cognition, motor and language outcomes, respectively. Inter-rater (k=0.80-0.96) and test-rest (k=0.85-0.94) reliability was high for all domains. Administration time was <20 minutes.Conclusion: The OX-NDA shows moderate agreement with the BSID-III for identifying infants at risk of neurodevelopmental delay. It is a rapid, low-cost assessment constructed specifically for use in LMIC populations. Further work is needed to evaluate its use in populations beyond Brazil.
Quantifying the effect of climate variability on seasonal precipitation using Bayesian clustering approach in Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria
Authors: Belkhiri Lazhar , Krakauer Nir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a Bayesian clustering approach that allows quantifying the effect of climate variability on seasonal precipitation data in Kebir Rhumel Basin (KRB). We applied this approach to simultaneously identify clusters of stations with similar characteristics, the climate variability associated with each cluster and for the individual stations within each cluster. Both full pooling Bayesian clustering (FPBC) and partial pooling Bayesian clustering (PPBC) models with nonstationary generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution are applied to each season. In these models, the climate variable, namely the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is included as a time-varying covariate with an appropriate basis function to represent the temporal variation of one or more of the parameters of the distribution. Results reveal that the partial pooling Bayesian clustering model provided the best fit for the seasonal precipitation data. The significant effect of ENSO differs from one season to another. During spring and autumn, ENSO significantly effects precipitation across large parts of KRB. Furthermore, the southern part and northern part of KRB are positively and negatively influenced by ENSO during winter and summer, respectively. Moreover, almost all stations during spring and autumn are negatively and positively influenced by ENSO, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that the proposed model helps to reduce the uncertainty in the parameter estimation and provides more robust results.
Acceleration of Iterative Refinement for Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Uchino Yuki , Terao Takeshi , Ozaki Katsuhisa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose fast numerical algorithms to improve the accuracy of singular vectors for a real matrix.Recently, Ogita and Aishima proposed an iterative refinement algorithm for singular value decomposition that is constructed with highly accurate matrix multiplications carried out six times per iteration.The algorithm runs for the problem that has no multiple and clustered singular values.In this study, we show that the same algorithm can be run with highly accurate matrix multiplications carried out five times.Also, we proposed four algorithms constructed with highly accurate matrix multiplications, two algorithms with the multiplications carried out four times, and the other two with the multiplications carried out five times. These algorithms adopt the idea of a mixed-precision iterative refinement method for linear systems.Numerical experiments demonstrate speed-up and quadratic convergence of the proposed algorithms.As a result, the fastest algorithm is 1.7 and 1.4 times faster than the Ogita-Aishima algorithm per iteration on a CPU and GPU, respectively.
Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among Afghan healthcare workers: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Mohammadi Ab. Qadim , Neyazi Ahmad , Rangelova Vanya , Odey Goodness Ogeyi , Ogbodum Molly Unoh , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
According to the World Health Organization, approximately 280 million individuals worldwide suffer from depression. One occupational group that is more prone to mental health issues is healthcare workers (HCWs). However, very little is known about the mental health of HCWs in Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study estimated the prevalence of depression, quality of life (QOL) and related factors among Afghan HCWs.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered in June 2022 to 299 healthcare workers in the Herat province of Afghanistan. The survey examined depression, its risk factors and predictors among HCWs.
Results
Depression was found among 73.6% of all the 299 participants. Low monthly income, working in a private hospital, and being a cigarette smoker were among the main variables associated with depression among Afghan HCWs. Multiple regression analysis indicated that field of work (OR = 095, p = .039), monthly income (OR=-.061, p < .001), job type (OR=-.194, p < .001), cigarette smoking (OR = .107, p = .014), a bad event during the past month (OR=-.122, p = .004), physical domain of quality of life (OR=-.004, p = .009), and psychological domain of quality of life (OR=-.006, p < .001) were significantly associated with depression.
Conclusion
The prevalence of depression is high among healthcare workers in the Herat province of Afghanistan. One of the variables found to have a major impact on the prevalence of depression was their monthly income. Considering its impact on quality of life and the overall quality of healthcare services, the government should implement regular screening for depression, psychological counselling services, and psychiatric treatment for vulnerable healthcare workers.
Major ions and Nutrients loading by atmospheric wet deposition in Mbeya Urban, Tanzania
Authors: Stephano Azaria , Mnyawi Silvester Raymond , Justine Phenson Nsima , Lufingo Mesia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the contributions of the atmospheric wet depositions to the major ions and nutrient loading in the surface water of Mbeya urban. A total of 22 rainwater samples were collected from six different sampling stations (MUST, Mbalizi, Kabwe, Rufaa, Uyole, and Kalobe) using the rain collector buckets installed 2 meters above the ground from December (18.12.2021) to February (06.02.2022). All the rainwater samples were analyzed for the major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, Cl−, CO32−, and SO42−) and nutrients (NH4+, PO43−, and NO3−), pH, and temperature. The pH of the rainwater was found to range from 6.8 to 9.3, indicating that in the region there are emissions of alkaline dust into the atmosphere. The temperature was found to range from 17°C to 22°C, with a mean temperature of 19.77°C. The dominance of the major cations and anions was found in the order of Mg2+> Ca2+>Na+ > K+ and HCO3−> Cl−> SO42−> CO32−ions respectively, and the nutrient dominance sequence followed the order of NH4+>SO42−>NO3−>PO43−. Some parameters showed decreasing trends from one rain event to another, and some showed non–uniformity of the trend among the rain events. The non–uniformity of the trend of the parameters was associated with the point source pollution in the specific sampling stations and the non–uniformity of the rain in the region. Despite the non–uniformity of the trend of the parameters, the results have shown the contributions of the atmospheric wet depositions to the major ions and nutrient loading on the surface. In this regard, to get a clear and representative picture of the pollution status of the Mbeya urban area, major ions and nutrients loaded onto the surface of both wet and dry atmospheric depositions need to be analyzed.
Functional interactions between neurofibromatosis tumor suppressors drive Schwann cell tumor de-differentiation and treatment resistance
Authors: Raleigh David , Vasudevan Harish , Payne Emily , Delley Cyrille , Sale Matthew , Liu Siyuan , Lastella Sydney , Lucas Calixto-Hope , Eaton Charlotte , Casey-Clyde Tim , Magill Stephen , Chen William , Reddy Alyssa , Braunstein Steve , Perry Arie , Jacques Line , Pekmezci Melike , Abate Adam , McCormick Frank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Schwann cell tumors are the most common cancers of the peripheral nervous system and can arise sporadically or in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) or type-2 (NF-2). NF-1 is caused by loss of NF1, a negative regulator of Ras signaling. NF-2 is caused by loss of NF2, a pleiotropic tumor suppressor that inhibits PAK signaling. Functional interactions between the NF1 and NF2 tumor suppressors and broader mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of the Schwann lineage are unclear. Here, we integrate DNA methylation profiling, whole exome sequencing, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, biochemistry, and pharmacology across human samples, patient-derived cell lines, and mouse xenografts to identify cellular de-differentiation mechanisms driving malignant transformation and treatment resistance in Schwann cell tumors. Our data show molecular groups of Schwann cell tumors are distinguished by de-differentiation trajectories that drive resistance to MEK inhibition, the only approved molecular therapy for patients with NF-1. Functional genomic screening for mediators of MEK inhibitor responses in NF1-deficient tumor cells reveals NF2 loss and PAK activation underlie Schwann cell tumor de-differentiation and MEK inhibitor resistance. In support of these findings, we identify a group of de-differentiated Schwann cell tumors with concurrent loss of NF1 and NF2, and find combination molecular therapy inhibiting MEK and PAK is an effective treatment for de-differentiated Schwann cell tumor xenografts. In sum, we elucidate a paradigm of de-differentiation driving malignant transformation and treatment resistance, uncovering a functional link between the NF1 and NF2 tumor suppressors that sheds light on a novel therapeutic vulnerability.
Influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Regenerative Potential of Necrotic Mature Permanent Teeth in Dogs
Authors: Khattab Salma Fathy Ahmed , Gomaa Yasser Fathy , Khattab Nagwa Mohamed Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The conventional treatment methods of necrotic mature permanent teeth that remove immune mechanisms, increase the susceptibility of root fracture and possibility of reinfection, therefore, regenerative endodontic therapy is an alternative treatment modality specially when adding the possible biostimulatory effects of Photobiomodulation (PBM) on cells functions, so the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy on regenerative potential of necrotic mature permanent teeth in dogs. Methods: 54 mature permanent roots of premolar teeth in dogs aged 12 months old were selected and divided into three equal groups (18 roots / each): Group I; regeneration procedures using blood clot as scaffold (positive control group) and Group II, was treated with the same regenerative protocol as group I, then subjected to photobiomodulation therapy (study group) and Group III (negative control group), no intervention. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (6 per subgroup) according to evaluation periods 3, 10, 15 weeks. In each group blood vessels area percentage and fibroblasts count were evaluated according to evaluation periods. Results: Data analysis revealed significant differences for blood vessels area percentage between studied groups at the different intervals (P< 0.001). Also, significant differences were detected in fibroblasts count between groups at 3 and at 15 weeks intervals (P< 0.005). Photobiomodulation therapy was significantly influenced tissue regeneration compared to conventional regeneration using blood clot scaffold only. Conclusion: The results of this study support the revascularization of necrotic mature permanent teeth as an alternative treatment modality. Photobiomodulation could improve the constructure of regenerated tissue.
Global patterns of diversity and metabolism of microbial communities in deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits
Authors: Zhou Zhichao , John Emily St. , Anantharaman Karthik , Reysenbach Anna-Louise 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
When deep-sea hydrothermal fluids mix with cold oxygenated fluids, minerals precipitate out of solution and form hydrothermal deposits. These actively venting deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits support a rich diversity of thermophilic microorganisms which are involved in a range of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen metabolisms. Global patterns of thermophilic microbial diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems have illustrated the strong connectivity between geological processes and microbial colonization, but little is known about the genomic diversity and physiological potential of these novel taxa. Here we explore this genomic diversity in 42 metagenomes from four deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields and a deep-sea volcano collected from 2004 to 2018, and document their potential implications in biogeochemical cycles.
Results
Our dataset represents 3,635 metagenome-assembled genomes encompassing 511 novel genera, with 395 Bacteria and 116 Archaea, providing many targets for cultivation of novel archaeal and bacterial families. Notably, 52% (206) of the novel bacterial genera and 72% (84) of the novel archaeal genera were found at the deep-sea Brothers volcano, many of which were endemic to the volcano. We report some of the first examples of medium to high-quality MAGs from phyla and families never previously identified, or poorly sampled, from deep-sea hydrothermal environments. We greatly expand the novel diversity of Thermoproteia, Patescibacteria (Candidate Phyla Radiation, CPR), and Chloroflexota found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and identify a small sampling of two potentially novel phyla, designated JALSQH01 and JALWCF01. Metabolic pathway analysis of metagenomes provides insights into the prevalent carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen metabolic processes across all sites, and illustrates sulfur and nitrogen metabolic ‘handoffs’ in community interactions. We confirm that Campylobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria occupy similar ecological guilds but their prevalence in a particular site is driven by shifts in the geochemical environment.
Conclusion
Our study of globally-distributed hydrothermal vent deposits provides a significant expansion of microbial genomic diversity associated with hydrothermal vent deposits and highlights the metabolic adaptation of taxonomic guilds. Collectively, our results illustrate the importance of comparative biodiversity studies in establishing patterns of shared phylogenetic diversity and physiological ecology, while providing many targets for enrichment and cultivation of novel and endemic taxa.
SPP1 is expected to be a biomarker for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in penile cancer patients
Authors: Zou Yuantao , Tan Xingliang , Yuan Gangjun , Tang Yi , Wang Yanjun , Yang Cong , Luo Sihao , Yao Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) has been confirmed to be involved in various biological processes of many kinds of tumors. However, the effect of SPP1 in Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSCC) remains unknown. This study identified SPP1 as the potential biomarker related to the occurrence, metastasis and immune microenvironment of PSCC. 8 paired penile cancer specimens(including penile cancer tissue, paracancerous tissue, and positive lymph node tissue) conducting the whole transcriptome sequencing were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes. And differential analysis indicated that SPP1 was the most differently up-regulated gene in both penile cancer tissues and positive lymph node tissues. Subsequently, analysis of SPP1 in the TCGA and TIMER database showed SPP1 was significantly associated with B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells in various tumor types. Survival analysis based on immunohistochemical staining of 183 PSCC paraffin sections suggested the survival prognosis of low SPP1 group was significantly higher than that of the high SPP1 group.The PSCC microarray dataset(GSE57955) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was included in our study and a series of bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the downstream mechanisms of SPP1 gene regulation and immune infiltration. The GO and KEGG analysis suggested that SPP1 might activates TGF-β related pathways and was closely related to the DNA and chromosome functions in the nucleus. ssGSEA and CIBERSORT analysis suggested that SPP1 was closely related to various immune infiltration-related cells in penile cancer, including CD4 + T cells, helper T cells. GSVA analysis and GSEA analysis suggested that SPP1 is closely related to MAPK, mTOR, Wnt and immune checkpoint (PD-1 and PD-L1) related pathways. Our study show SPP1 gene might be an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy of PSCC patients.
Statistical modelling of precipitation data in Canadian Prairies with a dynamic mixture structure
Authors: Mazjini Maral , Bae Taehan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present paper aims to model statistical structure of heavy-tailed precipitation data. In particular for agricultural purposes in Canadian Prairies, this is essential in many aspects such as assessing and managing risks resulting from the occurrence of unexpected precipitation events. Daily (or weekly) precipitation time series often contain many zeros (on dry days) and also exhibit important characteristics such as heavy-tailedness and volatility clustering. These features make it challenging to develop an effective model from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. In this paper, we propose a dynamic mixture model constructed based on a generalized Gaussian crack distribution with a GARCH specification to take into account the full range of precipitation measurements with a sufficient flexibility to fit both thin and heavy-tailed data, and stochastic volatility. The method of maximum likelihood estimation with the profile log-likelihood algorithm is illustrated with some simulation studies. The model fitting results on a historical data set from twelve stations in Canadian prairies show the applicability of the proposed model.
Quantitative measurement of finger usage in stroke hemiplegia using ring-shaped wearable devices
Authors: Yamamoto Naoya , Matsumoto Takato , Sudo Tamami , Miyashita Megumi , Kondo Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Positive use of affected limbs in daily life is important to improve the affected upper limb function in post-stroke rehabilitation. Several studies have been conducted to quantitatively evaluate the amount of upper limb activity, but few have measured the finger usage. In this study, we measured the upper limb and finger usage simultaneously in hospitalized hemiplegic stroke patients with a ring-shaped wearable device and investigated the association with the finger usage and general clinical evaluation.Methods: Twenty stroke hemiplegic patients staying in an inpatient hospital participated in this study. All patients wore a ring-shaped wearable device on both hands for 9 hours on the day of the intervention and the finger usage was recorded. For the outcome assessments of the rehabilitation, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb (FMA-UL), Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Motor Activity Log-14 (MAL), and Functional Independence Measure Motor (FIM-m) were employed and were evaluated on the same day as the intervention. Results: The finger usage of affected hand was moderately correlated with STEF (r=0.48, p<.05) and STEF ratio (r=0.47, p<.05). The finger usage ratio was moderately correlated with FMA-UL (r=0.56, p<.05) and ARAT (r=0.53, p<.05), and strongly correlated with STEF (r=0.80, p<.01) and STEF ratio (r=0.80, p<.01). The upper limb usage of affected side was moderately correlated with FMA-UL (r=0.46, p<.05), STEF (r=0.55, p<.05) and STEF ratio (r=0.54, p<.05), and strongly correlated with ARAT (r=0.57, p<.01). The upper limb usage ratio was moderately correlated with ARAT (r=0.48, p<.05) and STEF (r=0.55, p<.05), and strongly correlated with STEF ratio (r=0.61, p<.01). By contrast, MAL has revealed no correlation with any of the measurements. Conclusions: These results suggest that this measurement technique is able to provide useful information that are not biased toward the subjectivity of patients and therapists.