bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Driven by Hyperlipidemia and Enhanced Cardiac Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor Expression
Authors: Williams Monique , Capcha Jose Manuel Condor , Irion Camila Iansen , Seo Grace , Lambert Guerline , Kamiar Ali , Yousefi Keyvan , Kanashiro‐Takeuchi Rosemeire , Takeuchi Lauro , Saad Ali G. , Mendez Armando , Webster Keith A. , Goldberger Jeffrey J. , Hare Joshua M. , Shehadeh Lina A. 
Published: September 2022

Background
The pathways of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction driven by lipotoxicity with metabolic syndrome are incompletely understood. Thus, there is an urgent need for animal models that accurately mimic the metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes of this phenogroup for mechanistic studies.

Methods and Results

Hyperlipidemia was induced in WT‐129 mice by 4 weeks of biweekly poloxamer‐407 intraperitoneal injections with or without a single intravenous injection of adeno‐associatedvirus 9–cardiac troponin T–low‐density lipoprotein receptor (n=31), or single intravenous injection with adeno‐associatedvirus 9–cardiac troponin T–low‐density lipoprotein receptor alone (n=10). Treatment groups were compared with untreated or placebo controls (n=37). Echocardiography, blood pressure, whole‐body plethysmography, ECG telemetry, activity wheel monitoring, and biochemical and histological changes were assessed at 4 to 8 weeks. At 4 weeks, double treatment conferred diastolic dysfunction, preserved ejection fraction, and increased left ventricular wall thickness. Blood pressure and whole‐body plethysmography results were normal, but respiration decreased at 8 weeks (
P
<0.01). ECG and activity wheel monitoring, respectively, indicated heart block and decreased exercise activity (
P
<0.001). Double treatment promoted elevated myocardial lipids including total cholesterol, fibrosis, increased wet/dry lung (
P
<0.001) and heart weight/body weight (
P
<0.05). Xanthelasma, ascites, and cardiac ischemia were evident in double and single (p407) groups. Sudden death occurred between 6 and 12 weeks in double and single (p407) treatment groups.

Conclusions
We present a novel model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction driven by dyslipidemia where mice acquire diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, pulmonary congestion, exercise intolerance, and preserved ejection fraction in the absence of obesity, hypertension, kidney disease, or diabetes. The model can be applied to dissect pathways of metabolic syndrome that drive diastolic dysfunction in this lipotoxicity‐mediated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction phenogroup mimic.
Symbolism, Use, and Knowledge of Birds in Tibetan Communities of China
Authors: Ji Yuanyuan , Zhang Shuping , Ahmed Selena , Li Feifei , Li Jianqin , Shu Hang , Huang Weijuan , Ren Guoying , Long Chunlin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Birds are valued in the traditional cultures of Tibetan areas of China for symbolism, spirituality, and medicine. A total of 329 informants from six Tibetan communities were interviewed through ethnobiological survey methods. Results highlight that Tibetan informants value a diversity of birds for multiple symbolic purposes including spirituality, a good harvest, happiness, fortune, beauty, glory, and omens. Over 20 avian species including eagles, crows, pheasants, and red-breasted parakeets were perceived as totems, taboos, and holy birds. Findings revealed that three vulture species (Gyps himalayensis, Gyps fulvus, and Gypaetus barbatus) are the most important avian species because of their sacred roles in celestial burial. A total of 27 bird species were recorded as being used as traditional medicine. The high valuation of birds in Tibetan culture has likely contributed to the transmission of traditional knowledge regarding birds as well as to the conservation of bird biodiversity in the study area.
Retourner de son gré dans un contexte d’ instabilité
Authors: Mbolipay Begu Josué , Flahaux Marie-Laurence , Usatu Nappa Jocelyn 
Published: September 2022

Résumé
The literature suggests that returns that were prepared and decided by migrants tend to last on the long term and do not lead to new departures. What happens when these returns take place in an unstable context ? This article focuses on the case of migrants who decided to return to Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country that has experienced deep economic and political crises, and where returns have become rare. Using qualitative interviews, we analyse the intentions of returnees to settle permanently or to go back abroad according to their family situation. Our results reveal that individuals implement migration and family strategies that take into account the context and the way they foresee the future, not only for themselves but also for their children.
Returning to Where?
Authors: Ahrens Jill 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a growing understanding that migration trajectories can be complex – spanning several destination countries and including multi-directional mobilities. This paper contributes to the ongoing theorisation of diasporas through a focus on the ‘return mobilities of onward migrants’ – return moves of individuals who have lived in several destination countries either to Nigeria or a previous country of residence. Given that a longing to return to the ancestral homeland has generally been understood as a defining feature of diasporas, relatively few studies have focused on ‘returns’ to other countries or locales. Based on research with Nigerian migrants in Germany, England and Spain, this paper explores some of the core elements that structure their transnational practices and mediate experiences of return mobility, including family dynamics at different life stages and evolving understandings of ‘belonging’. Thereby, this paper highlights the shifting geographic constellations of transnational families and the variety of ‘return’ mobility patterns.
Applications of Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Observations: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Li Jun , Menzel W. Paul , Schmit Timothy J. , Schmetz Johannes 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounder from geostationary orbit provides nearly continuous measurements of atmospheric thermodynamic and dynamic information within a weather cube, specifically the atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind information at different pressure levels that are critical for improving high-impact weather (HIW) nowcasting and numerical weather prediction (NWP). Geostationary hyperspectral IR sounders (GeoHIS) have been on board China’s Fengyun-4 series since 2016 and will be on board Europe’s Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) series in the 2024 time frame; the United States and other countries are also planning to include GeoHIS instruments on their next generation of geostationary weather satellites. Although availability of on-orbit GeoHIS data are limited currently, studies have been conducted and progress has been made on developing the applications of high-temporal-resolution GeoHIS observations. These include but are not limited to deriving three-dimensional wind fields for nowcasting and NWP applications, trending atmospheric instability for warning in preconvective environments, conducting impact studies with data from the experimental Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) on board Fengyun-4A, preparing observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs), and monitoring diurnal variation of atmospheric composition. This paper provides an overview of the current applications of GeoHIS, discusses the data processing challenges, and provides perspectives on future development. The purpose is to provide direction on utilization of the current and assist preparation for the upcoming GeoHIS observations for nowcasting, NWP and other applications.
Seasonal Superrotation in Earth’s Troposphere
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Lutsko Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although Earth’s troposphere does not superrotate in the annual mean, for most of the year—from October to May—the winds of the tropical upper troposphere are westerly. We investigate this seasonal superrotation using reanalysis data and a single-layer model for the winds of the tropical upper troposphere. We characterize the temporal and spatial structures of the tropospheric superrotation, and quantify the relationships between the superrotation and the leading modes of tropical interannual variability. We also find that the strength of the superrotation has remained roughly constant over the past few decades, despite the winds of the tropical upper troposphere decelerating (becoming more easterly) in other months. We analyze the monthly zonal-mean zonal momentum budget and use numerical simulations with an axisymmetric, single-layer model of the tropical upper troposphere to study the underlying dynamics of the seasonal superrotation. Momentum flux convergence by stationary eddies accelerates the superrotation, while cross-equatorial easterly momentum transport associated with the Hadley circulation decelerates the superrotation. The seasonal modulations of these two competing factors shape the superrotation. The single-layer model is able to qualitatively reproduce the seasonal progression of the winds in the tropical upper troposphere, and highlights the northward displacement of the intertropical convergence zone in the annual mean as a key factor responsible for the annual cycle of the tropical winds.
Generalization of Atmospheric Nonspherical Particle Size: Interconversions of Size Distributions and Optical Equivalence
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric particles exhibit various sizes and nonspherical shapes, which are factors that primarily determine the physical–optical properties of particles. The “sizes” of nonspherical particles can be specified based on various size descriptors, such as those defined with respect to a volume-equivalent spherical radius, projected-area-equivalent spherical radius, geometric radius, or effective radius. Microphysical and radiative transfer simulations as well as remote sensing implementations often require the conversions of particle size distributions (PSDs) in terms of the number concentration, projected area, and volume. The various size descriptors cause ambiguity in the PSD interconversion, and thereby result in potentially misleading quantification of the physical–optical properties of atmospheric nonspherical particles. The present study aims to provide a generalized formula for interconversions of PSDs in terms of physical variables and size descriptors for arbitrary nonspherical particles with lognormal and gamma distributions. In contrast to previous studies, no empirical parameters are included, allowing intrinsic understanding of the nonspherical particle effects on the PSD interconversion. In addition, we investigate the impact of different size descriptors on the single-scattering properties of nonspherical particles. Consistent single-scattering properties among different nonspherical particles with the same size parameter are found when the size descriptor is the effective radius, whereby their mechanisms are suggested based on a modified anomalous diffraction theory. The overarching goal of this work is to eliminate the ambiguity associated with a choice of the size descriptor of nonspherical particles for Earth-atmosphere system models, cloud–aerosol remote sensing, and analyses of in situ measured atmospheric particles.

Significance Statement
Atmospheric dust and ice crystals have various sizes and mostly nonspherical shapes. Different definitions of these particle sizes and shapes cause uncertainties and even result in misleading solutions in the numerical modeling and remote sensing of atmospheric properties. We derived generalized analytical formulas to rigorously treat the sizes and shapes of particles in the atmosphere, and also investigated the importance of the treatment of particle sizes on the particle properties essential to the Earth–atmospheric climate system. This study aims to eliminate the ambiguity associated with particle sizes and shapes in atmospheric research.
Markovian Statistical Model of Cloud Optical Thickness. Part I: Theory and Examples
Authors: Alexandrov Mikhail D. , Marshak Alexander , Cairns Brian , Ackerman Andrew S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a generalization of the binary-value Markovian model previously used for statistical characterization of cloud masks to a continuous-value model describing 1D fields of cloud optical thickness (COT). This model has simple functional expressions and is specified by four parameters: the cloud fraction, the autocorrelation (scale) length, and the two parameters of the normalized probability density function of (nonzero) COT values (this PDF is assumed to have gamma-distribution form). Cloud masks derived from this model by separation between the values above and below some threshold in COT appear to have the same statistical properties as in binary-value model described in our previous publications. We demonstrate the ability of our model to generate examples of various cloud-field types by using it to statistically imitate actual cloud observations made by the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) during two field experiments.
Modifying the Mixed Layer Eddy Parameterization to Include Frontogenesis Arrest by Boundary Layer Turbulence
Authors: Bodner Abigail S. , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Johnson Leah , Van Roekel Luke P. , McWilliams James C. , Sullivan Peter P. , Hall Paul S. , Dong Jihai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Current submesoscale restratification parameterizations, which help set mixed layer depth in global climate models, depend on a simplistic scaling of frontal width shown to be unreliable in several circumstances. Observations and theory indicate that frontogenesis is common, but stable frontal widths arise in the presence of turbulence and instabilities that participate in keeping fronts at the scale observed, the arrested scale. Here we propose a new scaling law for arrested frontal width as a function of turbulent fluxes via the turbulent thermal wind (TTW) balance. A variety of large-eddy simulations (LES) of strain-induced fronts and TTW-induced filaments are used to evaluate this scaling. Frontal width given by boundary layer parameters drawn from observations in the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM) are found qualitatively consistent with the observed range in regions of active submesoscales. The new arrested front scaling is used to modify the mixed layer eddy restratification parameterization commonly used in coarse-resolution climate models. Results in CESM-POP2 reveal the climate model’s sensitivity to the parameterization update and changes in model biases. A comprehensive multimodel study is in planning for further testing.

Significance Statement
The ocean surface plays a major role in the climate system, primarily through exchange in properties, such as in heat and carbon, between the ocean and atmosphere. Accurate model representation of ocean surface processes is crucial for climate simulations, yet they tend to be too small, fast, or complex to be resolved. Significant efforts lie in approximating these small-scale processes using reduced expressions that are solved by the model. This study presents an improved representation of the ocean surface in climate models by capturing some of the synergy that has been missing between the processes that define it. Results encourage further testing across a wider range of models to comprehensively evaluate the effects of this adjustment in climate simulations.
A Predictably Intermittent Rotationally Modified Gravity Current in the Strait of Georgia
Authors: Masoud Mina , Pawlowicz Rich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Strait of Georgia is a large and deep fjordlike basin on the northeastern Pacific coast whose bottom waters are dramatically renewed by a series of intermittent gravity currents in summer. Here, we analyze a dataset that includes moored observations from 2008 to 2021 and shipborne measurements from a 2018 field program to describe the vertical and cross-channel structure of these gravity currents. We show that the timing of these currents for more than a decade is well predicted by proxy measurements for both tidal mixing strength in the Haro Strait/Boundary Pass region and coastal upwelling on the west coast of Vancouver Island. Renewals occur as an ∼30-m-thick turbid layer extending along the right-hand slope of a broad V-shaped valley that forms the southern end of the strait. Currents are primarily along-isobath at speeds of up to 20 cm s−1 with a small downhill component. A diagnostic analytical model with a depth-dependent eddy viscosity is fitted to the observations and confirms a clockwise rotation of current vectors with height, partly driven by boundary layer dynamics over a scale of a few meters and partly driven by Coriolis forces in the near-bottom linear density gradient. Bottom drag and (small) entrainment parameters are similar to those found in other oceanic situations, and the current is “laminar” with respect to large-scale instabilities (with Froude number ≈1 and Ekman number ≈0.01), although subject to turbulence at small scales (Reynolds number of ∼106). The predictability and reliability of this accessible rotationally modified gravity current suggests that it is an ideal geophysical laboratory for future studies of such features.
Roles of Surface Forcing in the Southern Ocean Temperature and Salinity Changes under Increasing CO2: Perspectives from Model Perturbation Experiments and a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Lyu Kewei , Zhang Xuebin , Church John A. , Wu Quran , Fiedler Russell , Dias Fabio Boeira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A rapid warming and freshening of the Southern Ocean have been observed over the past several decades and are attributed to anthropogenic climate change. In this study, ocean model perturbation experiments are conducted to separate roles of individual surface forcing in the Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes. Model-based findings are compared with results from a theoretical framework including three idealized processes defined on the θ–S diagram. Under the future scenario of CO2 doubling, the heat flux forcing dominates the large-scale warming, deepening of isopycnals, and spiciness changes along isopycnals, which can be captured by an idealized pure warming process to represent the subduction of surface heat uptake. The poleward-intensifying westerly winds account for 24% of the enhanced warming between 35° and 50°S and would have comparable contribution as the heat flux forcing after removing the global ocean warming effect. In contrast, the widespread freshening in the Southern Ocean driven by increased surface freshwater input is largely compensated by the wind-driven saltening. The response to freshwater forcing could not be approximated as a similar pure freshening process as the induced cooling and freshening have comparable effects on density. The wind-driven changes are primarily through the local heave of isopycnals, thus resembling an idealized pure heave process, but contain considerable spiciness signals especially in the midlatitude Southern Ocean, resulting from anomalous northward transport and subduction of heat and salt that are largely density-compensating. These distinct signatures of individual surface forcing help us to better understand observed and projected changes in the Southern Ocean.

Significance Statement
Considerable changes including a rapid warming and freshening have been observed in the Southern Ocean as it absorbs most of the extra heat from the anthropogenic climate change, receives increased surface freshwater input, and experiences a poleward shift and intensification of the westerly winds. The purpose of this study is to distinguish different contributions from surface heat flux, freshwater flux, and wind forcing to the Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes, based on ocean model experiments and three idealized processes from a theoretical framework. Our study reveals distinct signatures of individual surface forcing that help us to understand linkages between changes seen at the surface and in the interior Southern Ocean.
The PTGS1 (rs1330344) CC Genotype Contributes to Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease in Southern Chinese Children
Authors: Zheng Hao , Fu Lanyan , Xu Yufen , Zhang Ting Fang , Che Di , Li Jin Qing , Zhou HuaZhong , Jiang ZhiYong , Lin Kun , Zhang Li , Pi Lei , Gu Xiaoqiong 
Published: September 2022

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vascular disease complicated by coronary artery injury. Although polymorphisms in prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 ( PTGS1) are being increasingly explored in cardiovascular diseases, little is known regarding the connection between PTGS1 polymorphisms and KD risk. We evaluated 834 KD patients and 1474 healthy controls to explore the relationship between PTGS1 polymorphisms (rs1330344 and rs5788) and KD risk. Our results showed that the rs1330344 CC genotype was significantly associated with KD risk and coronary artery injury in children with KD. In combined analysis, individuals with 1-2 unfavorable genotypes had an increased risk of KD, compared with those with no risk genotype. Stratified analysis indicated that the rs1330344 CC genotype is strongly associated with increased risk of KD in children aged ≤60 months and females. Moreover, carrying 1-2 of these SNP genotypes had a higher risk of KD than those who harbored none of them in children ≤60 months of age and females; the risk of coronary artery dilatations/small aneurysms and medium/giant aneurysms was also significantly increased in KD patients. In summary, the PTGS1 rs1330344 CC genotype is associated with increased susceptibility to KD, which may contribute to KD pathogenesis and serve as a genetic biomarker.
Penetration of the Vestibule Following a History of Stapedectomy
Authors: Shohet Jack A , Borrelli Michela , Nasrollahi Tasha , Raskin Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

This case study describes a 72-year-old female with a history of stapedectomy 40 years prior. She presented experiencing vertigo, fogginess, and imbalance for 9 months. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed that the prosthesis was displaced into the vestibule by approximately 2.1 to 2.4 mm. The patient was presented with treatment options, including observation, removal, replacement of the prosthesis, and an oval window patch. The patient opted for observation as the symptoms she was experiencing did not significantly impact her quality of life. Although a stapedectomy may fail for a multitude of reasons, some of the most common causes are prosthesis displacement, especially out of the oval window into the middle ear or away from the incus. Incus necrosis may also play a substantial role in failure.