bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research coauthorship 1900–2020: Continuous, universal, and ongoing expansion
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Maflahi Nabeil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Research coauthorship is useful to combine different skill sets, especially for applied problems. While it has increased over the last century, it is unclear whether this increase is universal across academic fields and which fields coauthor the most and least. In response, we assess changes in the rate of journal article coauthorship 1900–2020 for all 27 Scopus broad fields and all 332 Scopus narrow fields. Although all broad fields have experienced reasonably continuous growth in coauthorship, in 2020, there were substantial disciplinary differences, from Arts and Humanities (1.3 authors) to Immunology and Microbiology (6 authors). All 332 Scopus narrow fields also experienced an increase in the average number of authors. Immunology and Classics are extreme Scopus narrow fields, as exemplified by 9.6 authors per Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer article, whereas 93% of Trends in Classics articles were solo in 2020. The reason for this large difference seems to be the need for multiple complementary methods in Immunology, making it fundamentally a team science. Finally, the reasonably steady and universal increases in academic coauthorship over 121 years show no sign of slowing, suggesting that ever-expanding teams are a central part of current professional science.
A World without Mark: an Experiment in Erasure History
Authors: Goodacre Mark 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Erasure History is a subset of the discipline of counter-factual history, an exploration in imagining history without a work that scholars see as pivotal. Erasing Mark’s gospel provides a fruitful thought experiment about the key role it plays in current scholarly reflections on Christian origins. This article imagines the erasure of Mark under three different headings. First, Mark is erased from the surviving manuscript record, imagining that Mark was indeed written and that it was a source for Matthew and Luke, but that no witness to it survived antiquity. Second, Mark is erased from history only to resurface in a handful of manuscript fragments in the 1890s and 1900s, and a more complete textual witness in 1945. Finally, and most drastically, the article imagines that the boy who grew up to be the author of Mark’s gospel did not survive childhood and that his gospel never existed.
The Constitutive Problem of the Septuagint
Authors: Akiyama Kengo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article problematizes the common distinction between production and reception in biblical studies with Septuagint study as a case in point. The article illustrates the problem in connection with two recent, major translation projects, A New English Translation of the Septuagint and Other Greek Translations Traditionally Included under That Title and La Bible d’Alexandrie. I argue that the binary classification of production and reception is inadequate to capture the textual history of the Septuagint and suggest an alternative way to conceptualize the development.
Anecdotal observation of a sexual encounter between two male naked mole-rats
Authors: Gilbert James D. , Brindle Matilda , Faulkes Christopher G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Same-sex sexual behaviours (SSBs) are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet little consensus exists regarding their potential adaptive functions or evolutionary history. To fully address questions such as why or how a trait has evolved, it is important to first understand its natural history. Here, we present evidence of SSBs in two male naked mole-rats for the first time. Due to extreme natal philopatry, most naked mole-rats never disperse, making encounters with potential mates valuable in fitness terms. However, in captive colonies of naked mole-rats, a rare disperser morph has been described. We speculate that such dispersing individuals may be indiscriminatory in their mating strategy, copulating with conspecifics regardless of sex, to counter the risk of missed reproductive opportunities. This behavioural strategy would contrast with the common characterisation of naked mole-rats, which describes them as fiercely xenophobic and hostile to unfamiliar individuals. Further, the observation of an indiscriminate mating strategy in a species with limited opportunities for dispersal provides interesting context for the study of the evolution of SSBs.
Transformation of Medical Care through Gene Therapy and Human Rights to Life and Health – Balancing Risks and Benefits
Authors: Befring Anne Kjersti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article is about how somatic gene therapy can be legally regulated and risk assessed as medical treatment when taking the following international human rights conventions into consideration: the right to life in Article 2 of the ECHR and the right to health in Article 12 of ICESCR. The right to life can involve both protection against risky genetic methods and access to necessary health care. In this context, human rights can be a basis for identifying interests that must be considered in a rapid technological development. Focusing mainly on human rights to life and to health, it is argued (1) against a total ban or general moratoriums on gene editing; (2) that regulations should be based on international cooperation and consensus; and that (3) rights to health may involve obligations to provide access to genetic methods.
The Elements of Law: Manuscripts and the Short Parliament
Authors: Sommerville Johann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There are eleven known manuscripts of Hobbes’s Elements of Law. As they divide on textual grounds into two groups, they are effectively two separate editions, employing two different texts. While two of the manuscripts apparently were Hobbes’s working copies, it also seems clear that he never definitively established the text of the Elements. There are reasons for thinking it unlikely that, as has been suggested, Hobbes intended the work to influence debate in the Short Parliament. More likely, he hoped his patron, Newcastle, would transmit his principles to the monarch and his chief advisors.
On the Early Collections of the Works of Ġiyāṯ al-Dīn Jamšīd al-Kāšī
Authors: Eshera Osama 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ġiyāṯ al-Dīn Jamšīd al-Kāšī (d. 832/1429), also known as Kāšānī, was a prominent astronomer and mathematician in the 9th/15th century and was a central figure at the observatory in Samarqand under the patronage of Ulugh Beg (r. 811–853/1409–1449), the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana. Kāšī’s works have frequently been copied and circulated in bound collective volumes, the earliest of which was produced during Kāšī’s lifetime by his colleague, Muʿīn al-Munajjim al-Kāšī, and is now held as MS Tehran, Malik 3180. This article introduces the second earliest such volume, which is currently held in a private collection in Toronto, Canada. The only dated colophon in MS Toronto is a forgery. Fortunately, I located another copy of Kāšī’s Miftāḥ al-ḥisāb that was transcribed in the same hand and bears a genuine copy date of 881/1476. Thus, MS Toronto was in fact produced approximately fifty years after Kāšī’s death and about eighty years earlier than the spurious colophon would indicate. In addition to resolving further codicological questions, this article highlights the decorative and paleographic features that make this codex an exemplar of the intellectual and material history of Timurid bookmaking. Ultimately, this codex offers valuable new evidence on the early transmission of Kāšī’s works as bound collections.
Islamic Manuscripts from Aceh in the British Library
Authors: Gallop Annabel Teh , Fathurahman Oman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aceh has long been renowned as a centre of Islamic scholarship, and some of the most famous Malay texts were composed in this area of north Sumatra. However, despite an abundance of philological and literary studies of texts from Aceh, little attention has yet been paid to the materiality of the manuscript culture of the region. A small collection of 18 manuscripts from Aceh now in the British Library has therefore been subjected to detailed codicological scrutiny. These manuscripts, which appear to be representative of the books which circulated in the 18th and 19th century, contain multiple texts in Arabic, Malay and Acehnese, and the full contents of each volume are identified and contextualised with respect to other collections. Particular attention is paid to the original covers or bindings of the manuscripts, and illuminated elements, and some comments are drawn about the broader Acehnese tradition.
The Law-Science Interface in the Arctic: Science and the Law of the Sea
Authors: Woker Hilde J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Law and science are both crucial for effective and legitimate decision-making in the Arctic. Yet their interaction is not always successful. This contribution discusses the various ways in which the law of the sea interacts with science in the geographical context of the Arctic, by looking at the references to science in the text of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the sea; the influence of scientific developments and/or new scientific knowledge on the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; and the way in which the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea regulates science. It concludes by analysing the interactions between law and science in the Arctic in light of Luhmann’s systems theory, by comparing the two bodies of knowledge to autopoietic, operationally closed, but cognitively open, systems.
The Impact of Emerging Preventive Restructuring Mechanisms on Directors’ Duties to Creditors in the Event of (Pre-)Insolvency in the UK and the Netherlands
Authors: Karapetian Arpi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Jurisdictions around the world are adjusting their insolvency laws with the aim to offer debtors in financial difficulties instruments that enable them to bring the company to a healthy state as soon as the problems arise. The rationale is that viable companies should have access to procedures that permit them to continue business, in whole or in part, by changing their capital structure as well as carrying out operational changes. Directors’ duties to creditors form a regular part of the laws concerning insolvency and therefore, a change in the insolvency laws will, arguably, have consequences for directors’ duties. In this paper, the impact of new preventive restructuring tools in the Netherlands and the UK on directors’ duties is discussed.
A Holistic Approach to Youth Ministry Models in Africa
Authors: Ndereba Kevin Muriithi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Youth ministry continues to be a salient focus area in theological research and practical ministry. This paper focuses on faith formation of young people in urban African cities, with a specific focus on Nairobi. Within the urban African context, plural worldviews and religious belonging, technological integration in youth culture, youth marginalization and mental health complexities, especially in a post-covid context, are critical factors in any meaningful youth engagement. This paper considers the contemporary youth ministry research in Africa, examining the classical youth ministry models that have been proposed and drawing out themes that should be considered for a holistic approach to faith formation among youth in African cities. This research summarizes research findings of the author from his doctoral research in Practical Theology at the University of South Africa, titled The Influence of Youth Culture on Holistic Faith Formation of Youth in Nairobi City: A Practical Theological Approach.
A Suture-less Underlay Ventral Herniorrhaphy Technique for High-Risk Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Maxwell DO Daniel , Losken MD Albert , Elwood MD David 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Many factors increase the complexity of abdominal wall reconstruction including attenuated fascia, loss-of-domain, prior hernia surgeries, multiple fascial defects, enterocutaneous fistulas, and mesh infections. We describe our experience of using a suture-less mesh fixation underlay ventral herniorrhaphy technique to combat such issues in high-risk ventral hernia repair. Methods This is a prospective-observational study. Patients from 2019 onward undergoing emergent or elective cases were included. The technique: A large porcine acellular-dermal-matrix (ADM) alone or sutured to a light-weight, macroporous polypropylene mesh is created and placed with ADM facing the bowel. Fibrin glue is sprayed over the mesh, fascia and skin closed. An abdominal binder is placed pre-extubation and left undisturbed for 5 postoperative days. Results Of 34 included patients, the average demographic was a Caucasian (62.9%) female (65.7%), with class-I or greater obesity (76.5%), hypertension (74.3%), dyslipidemia (48.6%), non-skin malignancy (40.0%), type II diabetes mellitus (34.3%), a ventral hernia working group class of III-IV (55.9%), a mean of 3 ± 2.2 prior surgeries, and mean fascial defect size of 12.3 x 13.5cm. Five were prior solid-organ transplant recipients. Four patients underwent simultaneous tumor extirpations and herniorrhaphy. Five cases (14.7%) were emergent. Removal of prior mesh was performed in 48.5% of cases—seven had infected mesh. Median length of stay was 7 days, with 141 days median follow-up time. Fifteen patients (44.1%) developed a complication. Hernia-specific complications were limited to healing problems. There were no recurrences. Conclusion This technique is easy and safe to employ in patients requiring high-risk complex abdominal reconstructions with minimal hernia-specific complications.
Does Regulation Impact the Initial Returns of Initial Public Offerings? Evidence from Indian Capital Market
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Goel Tripti 
Published: April 2022

Regulations are put in place in the capital markets to protect the interests of investors while promoting companies to actively participate in the capital markets. This multidisciplinary study concentrates on analysing the impact of one such regulation, based on entry norms, on the initial returns of book-built IPOs in the presence of firm-related and issue-related control variables, thereby facilitating decision-making to issuers and investors. Using various parametric and non-parametric tests on 259 IPOs issued on Indian Stock Exchanges during financial year 2009–2010 to 2019–2020, it can be concluded that Indian IPOs are underpriced on an average, irrespective of the entry norm followed. Further, firms entering through either of the entry routes, that is, profitability route or Qualified Institutional Buyer Route have significant differences in age, listing delay, type of sale, rank of lead managers and industry. Entry norm is established to have a negative yet insignificant role in determining the initial returns, while oversubscription is the only variable with a positive and significant impact on the initial returns of the issue. JEL Codes: G10, G14, G18, G23, K22
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Ossicle-Cartilage Composite Graft and Synthetic Ossicular Prosthesis for Ossicular Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Kyung min , Kang Jun Myung , Song Jee-Nam , Kim Hyun bum , Seo Jae-Hyun 
Published: April 2022

Objective To propose a modified technique of ossiculoplasty using an ossicle-cartilage composite graft (OCCG) and compare its hearing outcome and protrusion rate with those of a synthetic prosthesis. Methods Autologous tragal or homologous septal cartilage was combined with an ossicle to create an umbrella shape OCCG. A total of 302 ossiculoplasty surgeries performed in a single university hospital between 1997 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed based on the prosthesis type—OCCG or polymaleinate ionomeric prosthesis (IONOS®). Data includes demographic profiles, audiometric outcomes, intraoperative findings, and post-operative complications and was categorized by the follow-up periods. Results Ossicle-cartilage composite graft was used for 175 patients and IONOS® for 127 patients. The mean post-operative air-bone gap (ABG) of the OCCG group was 22.36 dB, which was better than the IONOS® group of 25.08 dB ( P = .015). The successful ABG closure rate of less than 20 dB was also higher in the OCCG group compared to the IONOS® group (38.3% vs 26.8%, P = .036). The ABG between the pre- and post-operative conditions exhibited a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P = .006). In the data divided into 3 groups according to the follow-up period, the OCCG group showed a better outcome in the long-term follow-up with 0 cases of protrusion during the follow-up period in the OCCG group compared to 8 cases of the IONOS® group ( P = .018). Conclusion Ossiculoplasty with OCCG exhibited satisfactory audiometric outcomes and low complication rates. Ossicle-cartilage composite graft can be a good option with sufficient informed consent and preliminary screening of transmitted diseases.
Parent–child cohesion, loneliness, and prosocial behavior: Longitudinal relations in children
Authors: Chen Weixia , Li Xiaoyu , Huebner E. Scott , Tian Lili 
Published: April 2022

This study examined the longitudinal relations among parent–child cohesion (i.e., father–child and mother–child cohesion), loneliness, and prosocial behavior (PB) in children, using a four-wave longitudinal design with 6-month intervals. A total of 678 elementary school students from Grades 4–5 in China ( Mage = 10.11 years, 45.6% girls) completed a multi-measure questionnaire, including parent–child cohesion, loneliness, and PB. The results revealed (a) both father–child cohesion and mother–child cohesion predicted children’s PB, and vice versa; (b) both father–child cohesion and mother–child cohesion predicted children’s loneliness and vice versa; (c) loneliness predicted children’s PB and vice versa; and (d) father–child cohesion and mother–child cohesion indirectly predicted children’s PB via children’s loneliness and vice versa. Thus, parent–child cohesion, loneliness, and PB form a complex, dynamic system, suggesting the need for family-based interventions to promote PB in children.
The effect of aerobic training on motor function and muscle architecture in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Bulut Numan , Karaduman Ayşe , Alemdaroğlu-Gürbüz İpek , Yılmaz Öznur , Topaloğlu Haluk , Özçakar Levent 
Published: April 2022

Objective To explore the effects of aerobic training adding to home-based exercise program on motor function and muscle architectural properties in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Design This is a prospective randomized controlled study. Setting Pediatric neuromuscular clinic in a tertiary care center. Subjects Children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Interventions Children were randomly divided into two groups whereby 12-weeks aerobic training was additionally given in treatment group in contrast to the control group which received only home-based exercise program. Main Measures Motor Function Measure and Six Minute Walk Test were used for clinical evaluation, and muscle architectural properties (thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length) were measured by ultrasound imaging. Both groups were assessed at baseline and after 12-weeks of training. Results Median age of children was 7.9 years in the treatment group and 8.6 years in the control group ( p > 0.05). Significant improvements were obtained for Motor Function Measure and Six Minute Walk Test from baseline to 12-weeks in the treatment group; Motor Function Measure total score changed from 83.2 (6.1) to 86.9 (4.0) vs. 82.3 (10.2) to 80.4 (9.4) points in the control group ( p  =  0.006 ); 6 Minute Walk Test distance changed from 395.3 (46.6) to 413.0 (52.3) vs. 421.7 (64.4) to 393.8 (68.2) meters in the control group ( p < 0.001). However, muscle architectural parameters did not change during study period ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Aerobic training may be of additional value in improving motor function and performance with no remarkable effect on muscle architectural properties.
MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Lina , Han Yanan , Wang Hua , Liu Huanyu , Liu Shan , Yang Hongbin , Ren Xiaoxia , Fang Ying 
Published: April 2022

Objective The clinical importance of aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been well established, so was investigated in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Articles in online databases from inception to March 17, 2021 were retrieved. Random effects meta-analysis was used to obtain sensitivity, specificity, positive (PLRs) and negative likelihood ratios (NLRs), diagnostic odds ratios (DORs), and areas under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for IBD diagnosis. Results Of 117 studies reporting altered miRNA expression in IBD included in the systematic review, 15 involving 937 patients with IBD and 707 controls, 22 miRNAs, and two miRNA panels were eligible for meta-analysis. Pooled analyses showed a moderate diagnostic accuracy for miRNAs in the IBD diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79–0.82), specificity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.82–0.86), DOR of 21.19 (95% CI: 13.90–32.31), and AUC of 0.89. Subgroup analyses revealed a better performance in patients with ulcerative colitis (AUC, 0.93) than Crohn’s disease (AUC, 0.84). Consistent upregulation of miR-21, miR-16, and miR-192 in blood with a high-moderate diagnostic accuracy was found in at least two studies. Conclusions These findings suggest miRNAs are credible diagnostic biomarkers in IBD.
Successful reconstruction of natural femoral anteversion using a short femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty surgery
Authors: Hakim Raja , Weinstein Aryeh , Dabby Dan , Rozen Nimrod , Shabshin Nogah , Rubin Guy 
Published: April 2022

Objective Total hip arthroplasty (THA) involves postoperative risks, such as thigh pain, periprosthetic fractures, and stress yielding. Short, anatomical, metaphyseal-fitting, cementless femoral stems were developed to reduce these postoperative risks. This study aimed to examine the “MiniMAX” prosthesis, which is a new generation, short, anatomical femoral stem made by Medacta. Methods Patients underwent a low-dose computed tomography scan. Femoral anteversion was measured. We assessed the position and anteversion of the femoral component and compared them with the unoperated side. We also assessed the patients’ satisfaction and functional levels at 6 months postsurgery using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Oxford Hip Score (OHS). Results Nineteen individuals were recruited in this study. We found no significant difference in femoral anteversion between the operated hip and the native hip. Using the HHS and OHS questionnaires, we found clinical improvement in the 6-month postoperative scores compared with the preoperative scores. Discussion The new-generation, short, anatomical femoral stem made by Medacta is successful in reproducing natural femoral anteversion, while also improving patients’ functioning and lifestyle. Future large-scale, prospective comparison trials are required to further investigate this topic.