bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Impact of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Across Smallholder Fields in Malawi and Zambia
Authors: Harrison Rhett , Banda John , Chipabika Gilson , Chisonga Chipo , Katema Christopher , Mabote Ndalamei Damian , Nyirenda Stephen , Tembo Howard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), a serious pest of cereals from the Americas, has spread across sub-Saharan Africa and Asia since 2016, threatening the food security and incomes of millions of smallholder farmers. To measure the impact of S. frugiperda under different management approaches, we established on-farm trials across 12 landscapes (615−1,379 mm mean annual rainfall) in Malawi and Zambia during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Here we present the results from our conventional tillage, monocrop maize, no pesticide treatment, which served to monitor the background S. frugiperda impact in the absence of control measures. Median plot-level S. frugiperda incidence ranged between 0.00 and 0.52 across landscapes. Considering severe leaf damage (Davis score ≥5), the proportion of affected plants varied between 0.00 and 0.30 at the plot scale, but only 3% of plots had ≥10% severely damaged plants. While incidence and damage severity varied substantially among sites and seasons, our models indicate that they were lower in high tree cover landscapes, in the late season scouting, and in the 2020/2021 season. Yield could not be predicted from S. frugiperda incidence or leaf damage. Our results suggest S. frugiperda impacts may have been overestimated at many sites across sub-Saharan Africa. S. frugiperda incidence and damage declined through the cropping season, indicating that natural mortality factors were limiting populations, and none of our plots were heavily impacted. Long-term S. frugiperda management should be based on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles, including minimising the use of chemical pesticides to protect natural enemies.
Factors Associated With Neuromusculoskeletal Injury and Disability in Navy and Marine Corps Personnel
Authors: Fraser John J , MacGregor Andrew J , Fechner Kenneth M , Galarneau Michael R 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Neuromusculoskeletal injuries (NMSKI) are very common in the military, which contribute to short- and long-term disability.

Materials and Methods
Population-level NMSKI, limited duty (LIMDU), and long-term disability episode counts in the U.S. Navy (USN) and U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) from December 2016 to August 2021 were extracted from the Musculoskeletal Naval Epidemiological Surveillance Tool. The incidence of NMSKI, LIMDU, and long-term disability was calculated. A hurdle negative binomial regression evaluated the association of body region, sex, age, rank, age by rank, and service branch on NMSKI, LIMDU, and long-term disability incidence.

Results
From December 2016 to August 2021, there were 2,004,196 NMSKI episodes (USN: 3,285/1,000 Sailors; USMC: 4,418/1,000 Marines), 16,791 LIMDU episodes (USN: 32/1,000 Sailors; USMC: 29/1,000 Marines), and 2,783 long-term disability episodes (USN: 5/1,000 Sailors; USMC: 5/1,000 Marines). There was a large-magnitude protective effect on NMSKI during the pandemic (relative risk, USN: 0.70; USMC: 0.75). Low back and ankle-foot were the most common, primarily affecting female personnel, aged 25-44 years, senior enlisted, in the USMC. Shoulder, arm, pelvis-hip, and knee conditions had the greatest rates of disability, with female sex, enlisted ranks, aged 18-24 years, and service in the USMC having the most salient risk factors.

Conclusion
Body region, sex, age, rank, and branch were the salient factors for NMSKI. The significant protective effect during the pandemic was likely a function of reduced physical exposure and limited access to nonurgent care. Geographically accessible specialized care, aligned with communities with the greatest risk, is needed for timely NMSKI prevention, assessment, and treatment.
Evaluation of neurological testing for hand–arm vibration syndrome
Authors: Ahmad S , House R , Holness D L , Nisenbaum R , Thompson A M S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The neurological component of hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) uses the Stockholm Workshop Scale sensorineural (SWS SN) stages for classification. Proximal compressive neuropathies are common in HAVS and the symptoms are similar to SN HAVS. The SWS may not be a valid staging tool if a patient has comorbid proximal compression neuropathy.

Aims
To evaluate the prevalence of proximal compression neuropathy in patients presenting for HAVS assessment and examine the association between compressive neuropathies and SWS SN.

Methods
A standardized assessment protocol was used to assess 431 patients for HAVS at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. The prevalence of median and ulnar compressive neuropathies was determined. The association between proximal compression neuropathies and SWS SN stage (0/1 versus 2/3) was evaluated using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests as well as multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Most patients (79%) reported numbness and 20% had reduced sensory perception (SWS SN Stage 2/3). Almost half (45%) had median neuropathy at the wrist and 7% had ulnar neuropathy. There was no association between the SWS SN stage and median or ulnar neuropathy.

Conclusions
Two neurological lesions should be investigated in patients presenting for HAVS assessment: compressive neuropathy and digital neuropathy. The prevalence of compressive neuropathies is high in patients being assessed for HAVS and therefore nerve conduction studies (NCS) should be included in HAVS assessment protocols. Comorbid proximal neuropathy does not affect the SWS SN stage; therefore, NCS and SWS SN seem to be measuring different neurological outcomes in HAVS patients.
X-ray and optical spectroscopic study of a γ Cassiopeiae analog source π Aquarii
Authors: Tsujimoto Masahiro , Hayashi Takayuki , Morihana Kumiko , Moritani Yuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
γ Cas analog sources are a subset of Be stars that emit intense and hard X-ray emission. Two competing ideas for their X-ray production mechanism are (a) the magnetic activities of the Be star and its disk and (b) the accretion from the Be star to an unidentified compact object. Among such sources, π Aqr plays a pivotal role as it is one of the only two spectroscopic binaries observed for many orbital cycles and one of the three sources with X-ray brightness sufficient for detailed X-ray spectroscopy. Bjorkman et al. (2002, ApJ, 573, 812) estimated the secondary mass &gt;2.0 M⊙ with optical spectroscopy, which would argue against the compact object being a white dwarf (WD). However, their dynamical mass solution is inconsistent with an evolutionary solution and their radial velocity measurement is inconsistent with later work by Nazé et al. (2019, A&A, 632, A23). We revisit this issue by adding a new data set with the NuSTAR X-ray observatory and the HIDES échelle spectrograph. We found that the radial velocity amplitude is consistent with Nazé et al. (2019, A&A, 632, A23), which is only half of that claimed by Bjorkman et al. (2002, ApJ, 573, 812). Fixing the radial velocity amplitude of the primary, the secondary mass is estimated as &lt;1.4 M⊙ over an assumed range of the primary mass and the inclination angle. We further constrained the inclination angle and the secondary mass independently by fitting the X-ray spectra with a non-magnetic or magnetic accreting WD model under the assumption that the secondary is indeed a WD. The two results match well. We thus argue that the possibility of the secondary being a WD should not be excluded for π Aqr.
Cell-type-specific alternative splicing in the Arabidopsis germline
Authors: Misra Chandra Shekhar , Sousa António G G , Barros Pedro M , Kermanov Anton , Becker Jörg D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During sexual reproduction in flowering plants, the two haploid sperm cells (SCs) embedded within the cytoplasm of a growing pollen tube are carried to the embryo sac for double fertilization. Pollen development in flowering plants is a dynamic process that encompasses changes at transcriptome and epigenome levels. While the transcriptome of pollen and SCs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is well documented, previous analyses have mostly been based on gene-level expression. In-depth transcriptome analysis, particularly the extent of alternative splicing (AS) at the resolution of SC and vegetative nucleus (VN), is still lacking. Therefore, we performed RNA-seq analysis to generate a spliceome map of Arabidopsis SCs and VN isolated from mature pollen grains. Based on our de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified 58,039 transcripts, including 9,681 novel transcripts, of which 2,091 were expressed in SCs and 3,600 in VN. Four hundred and sixty-eight genes were regulated both at gene and splicing levels, with many having functions in mRNA splicing, chromatin modification, and protein localization. Moreover, a comparison with egg cell RNA-seq data uncovered sex-specific regulation of transcription and splicing factors. Our study provides insights into a gamete-specific AS landscape at unprecedented resolution.
Algal PETC-Pro171-Leu suppresses electron transfer in cytochromeb6funder acidic lumenal conditions
Authors: Ozawa Shin-Ichiro , Buchert Felix , Reuys Ruby , Hippler Michael , Takahashi Yuichiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLinear photosynthetic electron flow (LEF) produces NADPH and generates a proton electrochemical potential gradient across the thylakoid membrane to synthesize ATP, both of which are required for CO2 fixation. As cellular demand for ATP and NADPH varies, cyclic electron flow (CEF) between Photosystem I and the cytochrome b6f complex (b6f) produces extra ATP. b6f regulates LEF and CEF via photosynthetic control, which is a pH-dependent b6f slowdown of plastoquinol oxidation at the lumenal site. This protection mechanism is triggered at more alkaline lumen pH in the pgr1 (proton gradient regulation 1) mutant of the vascular plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which contains a Pro194Leu substitution in the b6f Rieske Iron-sulfur protein Photosynthetic Electron Transfer C (PETC) subunit. In this work, we introduced the equivalent pgr1 mutation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to generate PETC-P171L. Consistent with the pgr1 phenotype, PETC-P171L displayed impaired NPQ induction along with slower photoautotrophic growth under high light conditions. Our data provide evidence that the ΔpH component in PETC-P171L depends on oxygen availability. Only under low oxygen conditions was the ΔpH component sufficient to trigger a phenotype in algal PETC-P171L where the mutant b6f was more restricted to oxidize the plastoquinol pool and showed diminished electron flow through the b6f complex. These results demonstrate that photosynthetic control of different stringency are established in C. reinhardtii depending on the cellular metabolism, and the lumen pH-sensitive PETC-P171L was generated to read out various associated effects.
Clinically Relevant Decreases in Neck/Shoulder Pain Among Office Workers Are Associated With Strength Training Adherence and Exercise Compliance: Explorative Analyses From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dalager Tina , Welch Alyssa , O’Leary Shaun Patrick , Johnston Venerina , Sjøgaard Gisela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
The objectives of this study were to quantify training adherence and exercise compliance during a workplace-based strength training intervention delivered to office workers over a 12-week period and to analyze the association with clinically relevant pain reductions.

Methods
A subsample of 269 participants completed a training diary from which measures of training adherence and exercise compliance (training volume, load, and progression) were calculated. The intervention consisted of 5 specific exercises targeting the neck/shoulder area (neck, shoulders, and upper back). The associations of training adherence, quitting time, and measures of exercise compliance with 3-month pain intensity (on a scale from 0 to 9) were analyzed for the whole sample, pain cases (reporting pain of ≥3 at baseline), participants attaining/not attaining clinically relevant pain reductions (≥30%), and participants meeting/not meeting per-protocol training adherence of ≥70%.

Results
Participants reported reduced pain in the neck/shoulder area after 12 weeks of specific strength training, especially women and pain cases, with the caveat that attaining clinically relevant pain reductions depended on the levels of training adherence and exercise compliance attained. Over the 12-week intervention, 30% of the participants were absent for a minimum of 2 consecutive weeks (quitting time), with the median quitting time at approximately weeks 6 to 8. With a threshold of 70% training adherence, a total training volume of approximately 11,000 kg (only in women) and progressions of 1 to 2 times baseline values were shown to be significant for clinically relevant pain reductions.

Conclusion
Strength training produced clinically relevant reductions in neck/shoulder pain when appropriate levels of training adherence and exercise compliance were attained. This finding was particularly evident for women and pain cases. We advocate for the inclusion of both training adherence and exercise compliance measures in future studies. To optimize intervention benefits, motivational activities after 6 weeks are needed to avoid participants quitting.

Impact
These data can be used to design and prescribe clinically relevant rehabilitation pain programs and interventions.
Speech Illusions in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Linked to Clinical Outcome
Authors: Hird Emily J , Ohmuro Noriyuki , Allen Paul , Moseley Peter , Kempton Matthew J , Modinos Gemma , Sachs Gabriele , van der Gaag Mark , de Haan Lieuwe , Gadelha Ary , Bressan Rodrigo , Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Ruhrmann Stephan , Catalan Ana ,   EU-GEI High Risk Study, McGuire Philip , Valmaggia Lucia R , Kempton Matthew J , Calem Maria , Tognin Stefania , Modinos Gemma , de Haan Lieuwe , van der Gaag Mark , Velthorst Eva , Kraan Tamar C , van Dam Daniella S , Burger Nadine , Nelson Barnaby , McGorry Patrick , Paul Amminger Günter , Pantelis Christos , Politis Athena , Goodall Joanne , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Borgwardt Stefan , Rapp Charlotte , Ittig Sarah , Studerus Erich , Smieskova Renata , Bressan Rodrigo , Gadelha Ary , Brietzke Elisa , Asevedo Graccielle , Asevedo Elson , Zugman Andre , Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Domínguez-Martínez Tecelli , Torrecilla Pilar , Kwapil Thomas R , Monsonet Manel , Hinojosa Lídia , Kazes Mathilde , Daban Claire , Bourgin Julie , Gay Olivier , Mam-Lam-Fook Célia , Krebs Marie-Odile , Nordholm Dorte , Randers Lasse , Krakauer Kristine , Glenthøj Louise , Glenthøj Birte , Nordentoft Merete , Ruhrmann Stephan , Gebhard Dominika , Arnhold Julia , Klosterkötter Joachim , Sachs Gabriele , Lasser Iris , Winklbaur Bernadette , Delespaul Philippe A , Rutten Bart P , van Os1 Jim , McGuire Philip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and hypothesisAround 20% of people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis later develop a psychotic disorder, but it is difficult to predict who this will be. We assessed the incidence of hearing speech (termed speech illusions [SIs]) in noise in CHR participants and examined whether this was associated with adverse clinical outcomes.Study designAt baseline, 344 CHR participants and 67 healthy controls were presented with a computerized white noise task and asked whether they heard speech, and whether speech was neutral, affective, or whether they were uncertain about its valence. After 2 years, we assessed whether participants transitioned to psychosis, or remitted from the CHR state, and their functioning.Study resultsCHR participants had a lower sensitivity to the task. Logistic regression revealed that a bias towards hearing targets in stimuli was associated with remission status (OR = 0.21, P = 042). Conversely, hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline was associated with reduced likelihood of remission (OR = 7.72. P = .007). When we assessed only participants who did not take antipsychotic medication at baseline, the association between hearing SIs with uncertain valence at baseline and remission likelihood remained (OR = 7.61, P = .043) and this variable was additionally associated with a greater likelihood of transition to psychosis (OR = 5.34, P = .029).ConclusionsIn CHR individuals, a tendency to hear speech in noise, and uncertainty about the affective valence of this speech, is associated with adverse outcomes. This task could be used in a battery of cognitive markers to stratify CHR participants according to subsequent outcomes.
Belief Updating in Subclinical and Clinical Delusions
Authors: Fromm Sophie , Katthagen Teresa , Deserno Lorenz , Heinz Andreas , Kaminski Jakob , Schlagenhauf Florian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Current frameworks propose that delusions result from aberrant belief updating due to altered prediction error (PE) signaling and misestimation of environmental volatility. We aimed to investigate whether behavioral and neural signatures of belief updating are specifically related to the presence of delusions or generally associated with manifest schizophrenia.

Methods
Our cross-sectional design includes human participants (n[female/male] = 66[25/41]), stratified into four groups: healthy participants with minimal (n = 22) or strong delusional-like ideation (n = 18), and participants with diagnosed schizophrenia with minimal (n = 13) or strong delusions (n = 13), resulting in a 2 × 2 design, which allows to test for the effects of delusion and diagnosis. Participants performed a reversal learning task with stable and volatile task contingencies during fMRI scanning. We formalized learning with a hierarchical Gaussian filter model and conducted model-based fMRI analysis regarding beliefs of outcome uncertainty and volatility, precision-weighted PEs of the outcome- and the volatility-belief.

Results
Patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls showed lower accuracy and heightened choice switching, while delusional ideation did not affect these measures. Participants with delusions showed increased precision-weighted PE-related neural activation in fronto-striatal regions. People with diagnosed schizophrenia overestimated environmental volatility and showed an attenuated neural representation of volatility in the anterior insula, medial frontal and angular gyrus.

Conclusions
Delusional beliefs are associated with altered striatal PE-signals. Juxtaposing, the potentially unsettling belief that the environment is constantly changing and weaker neural encoding of this subjective volatility seems to be associated with manifest schizophrenia, but not with the presence of delusional ideation.
Activity of GABA neurons in the zona incerta and ventral lateral periaqueductal grey is biased towards sleep
Authors: Blanco-Centurion Carlos , Vidal-Ortiz Aurelio , Sato Takashi , Shiromani Priyattam J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
As in various brain regions the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons is largely unknown, we measured in vivo changes in calcium fluorescence in GABA neurons in the zona incerta (ZI) and the ventral lateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG), two areas that have been implicated in regulating sleep.

Methods
vGAT-Cre mice were implanted with sleep electrodes, microinjected with rAAV-DIO-GCaMP6 into the ZI (n = 6) or vlPAG (n = 5) (isoflurane anesthesia) and a GRIN (Gradient-Index) lens inserted atop the injection site. Twenty-one days later, fluorescence in individual vGAT neurons was recorded over multiple REM cycles. Regions of interest corresponding to individual vGAT somata were automatically extracted with PCA–ICA analysis.

Results
In the ZI, 372 neurons were identified. Previously, we had recorded the activity of 310 vGAT neurons in the ZI and we combined the published dataset with the new dataset to create a comprehensive dataset of ZI vGAT neurons (total neurons = 682; mice = 11). In the vlPAG, 169 neurons (mice = 5) were identified. In both regions, most neurons were maximally active in REM sleep (R-Max; ZI = 51.0%, vlPAG = 60.9%). The second most abundant group was W-Max (ZI = 23.9%, vlPAG = 25.4%). In the ZI, but not in vlPAG, there were neurons that were NREMS-Max (11.7%). vlPAG had REMS-Off neurons (8.3%). In both areas, there were two minor classes: wake/REMS-Max and state indifferent. In the ZI, the NREMS-Max neurons fluoresced 30 s ahead of sleep onset.

Conclusions
These descriptive data show that the activity of GABA neurons is biased in favor of sleep in two brain regions implicated in sleep.
Manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis: new insights into the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in regulating autophagy-related proteins
Authors: Liu Chang , Ju Rong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that participates in various physiological and pathological processes. However, epidemiological observations indicate that overexposure to Mn is strongly associated with neurodegenerative disorders and has been recognized as a potential risk factor of neuronal apoptosis. Many mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis, such as reactive oxygen species generation, neuroinflammation reactions, protein accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), and autophagy, all of which collectively accelerate the process of nerve cell damage. As sophisticated cellular processes for maintaining intracellular homeostasis, ER-mediated unfolded protein response and autophagy both play bilateral roles including cell protection and cell injury under pathophysiological conditions, which might interact with each other. Although emerging evidence suggests that ER stress is involved in regulating the compensatory activation of autophagy to promote cell survival, the inherent relationship between ER stress and autophagy on Mn-induced neurotoxicity remains obscure. Here, our review focuses on discussing the existing mechanisms and connections between ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, which provide a new perspective on Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis, and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.