bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Culture Propagation of Liriope muscari and Ophiopogon jaburan
Authors: Frett John J. , Dirr Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Inflorescence explants of Liriope muscari Bailey ‘ Variegata’ and Ophiopogon jaburan Lodd. ‘Variegatus’ produced multiple shoots in vitro on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium via callus. In subsequent studies with L. muscari‘ Variegata’, there was no difference in floret and scape explant growth, while rhizome and modified root explants were either contaminated or failed to grow. Distal floret explants produced more shoots than proximal explants but there were no significant positional differences in scape explants. In liquid culture 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.5 mg/liter promoted the greatest fresh weight and shoot and root length. Benzylamino purine (BA) at 0.1 mg/liter increased the number of shoots while decreasing the number of roots. Agitation of liquid cultures increased callus fresh weight.
In Vitro Propagation of Syringa vulgaris ‘Vesper’
Authors: Hildebrandt Virginia , Harney Patricia M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Explants of actively growing shoot tips from greenhouse-grown plants of ‘Vesper’ lilac (Syringa vulgaris L.) initiated new shoots in 2–4 weeks on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium plus 0.1 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and either 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA). These shoots were transferred for multiplication to the same medium but with 7.5 mg/liter BA and 0.1 mg/liter β-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). In 5–6 weeks about 6 shoots, 12–15 mm in length, had been produced per explant. There was no increase in the number of shoots by placing them in either a horizontal or inverted position compared to upright. Although excised shoots would root in vitro, rooting was more successful in vermiculite in a plastic-covered flat.
Effect of Vernalization Duration and Storage Method on Forcing of Tall Bearded Irises
Authors: Stephenson Preston M. A. , Buxton J. W. , Anderson R. G. , Mohr H. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The rhizomes of 3 cultivars of tall bearded irises (Iris spp.)—‘Cayenne Capers’, ‘Babbling Brook’, and ‘Stepping Out’—were stored at 2°C for 9, 14, and 18 weeks and then forced to anthesis in a greenhouse. During vernalization, rhizomes were either planted into pots or placed on cooler shelves. Rhizomes of ‘Cayenne Capers’ required no vernalization to develop the flower bud, yet vernalization was required for ‘Babbling Brook’ and ‘Stepping Out’. The longer the vernalization period, the shorter the time to flower after being removed to the forcing environment. Rhizomes not planted during vernalization required more time to flower than those which were planted.
Effects of GA4+7 and NAA on Several Aspects of Flowering in Streptocarpus
Authors: Lyons R. E. , Meyers P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As the concentration of the exogenously applied gibberellin GA4+7 increased from 1 to 100 ppm, 3 significant correlations were observed: 1) the number of days to first flowering decreased; 2) the peduncle length of the first flower increased; and 3) the number of visible peduncles on the primary phyllomorph increased. A subsequent application of 10 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) generally had no effect on these results.
Stimulation of Lettuce Productivity by Manipulation of Diurnal Temperature and Light
Authors: Knight Sharon L. , Mitchell Cary A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Salad Bowl’ and ‘Waldmann’s Green’ leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were exposed to photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 444 or 889 µmol s–1m–2 for 20 hours day–1 under a diurnal temperature regime of 25°C days/15° nights or 20° days/15° nights. Leaf dry weight of both cultivars was highest under the high PPFD/warm temperature regime and lowest under the low PPFD/cool temperature regime. ‘Waldmann’s Green’ yielded more than did ‘Salad Bowl’ at 889 µmol s–1m–2 and 25° days/20° nights. Under high PPFD, both cultivars yielded better with 25° days/25° nights than with 25° days/20° nights, although relative growth rates were the same under both temperature regimes.
Effect of Black Plastic Mulch and Raised Beds on Sweet Potato Growth and Root Yield in a Northern Region
Authors: Hochmuth George J. , Howell John C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Growth of ‘Jewel’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] plants was increased significantly by black plastic mulch. Leaf area, number of leaves, and total shoot dry weight were significantly larger for mulched than for unmulched plants. Marketable root yield was increased significantly by black plastic mulch and raised beds. The highest root yield (18.6 MT/ha) was obtained from mulch-covered raised beds.
A Comparison of Microjet and Point Emitter (Trickle) Irrigation in the Establishment of a High-density Peach Orchard
Authors: Mitchell P. D. , Chalmers D. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Root spread from close-planted (5.5 × 1 m) peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was restricted when irrigated from trickle or microjet outlets. Roots spread less under trickle, and trees grew more slowly but cropped earlier. Fruit set heavily on both treatments in 5th leaf. The results suggest that irrigation technique can be used as a management tool affecting tree growth and productivity for close-planted orchards.
Evaporative Cooling to Improve Rest Breaking of Nectarine Buds by Counteracting High Daytime Temperatures
Authors: Erez A. , Couvillon G. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Evaporative cooling (EC) of nectarine buds [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] during rest by overhead sprinkling when day temperature exceeded 16°C lowered bud temperature in bright days by 3° to 5°C. EC resulted in an enhanced break of vegetative and floral buds.
Berry Color, Water-immersion Time, Rot, and Physiological Breakdown of Cold-stored Cranberry Fruits
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Stretch A. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
More fungal rot developed in storage of water-picked (WP) than in hand-picked (HP) fruit of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait) after the berries had been held in the bog water up to 24 hours. When the water-immersion time was 12 hours or more, more physiological breakdown (PB) occurred in HP than in WP fruits. Generally, less rot and PB developed in the most highly colored berries (dark red) than in berries that were less colored.
‘Tam Mild Jalapeno-1’ Pepper
Authors: Villalon B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The major disease factor in the decline of profitable pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production in Texas has been the susceptibility of commercial cultivars to a complex of viruses. Some of these viruses are tobacco etch virus (TEV), pepper mottle virus (PMV), potato virus Y (PVY), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The survival and expansion of the pepper industry depends on virus-resistant cultivars. “Tam Mild Jalapeno-1’ is the first multiple virus-resistant, mildly pungent pepper developed by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at Weslaco. It was released in 1981. The new cultivar produces a concentrated set of early maturing Veracruz-type jalapeno fruits that can be machine-harvested. “Veracruz-type” refers to the standard size, shape, wall thickness and epidermal cracks accepted by major Mexican processing firms.
‘Sugarlee’ Watermelon
Authors: Crall J. M. , Elmstrom G. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Sugarlee’ watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is an early season cultivar that produces high-quality fruits suitable for shipping or local market sales. It is resistant to anthracnose, caused by race 1 of Colletotrichum lagenarium (Pass.) Ellis & Halsted, and fusarium wilt caused by Fu-sarium oxvsporum Schlect. f. sp. niveum (E.F. Sm.) Snyd. & Hans. Because it matures early, ‘Sugarlee’ fits well into Florida’s commercial production program and might be used in conjunction with ‘Dixielee’ to lengthen the shipping season for any given production area or grower. ‘Sugarlee’ has performed well in the Southern Cooperative Watermelon Trials during the period 1977-1981 and is well-adapted throughout most of the watermelon production areas in the eastern United States.
Close Encounter with an Artichoke
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The artichoke is a popular vegetable in Italy, Spain, and France. The American consumer, upon first encountering this bristly vegetable, may wonder why. Dealing with the artichoke, either as a cook or around the dinner table, may seem more like a confrontation than a culinary venture, and the average artichoke novice may be happy with a stand-off.
Triacontanol as a Plant Growth Regulator
Authors: Ries Stanley , Houtz Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Triacontanol (TRIA) is synthesized by plants and is a component of most biological material. New formulations of TRIA have shown activity with femtomolar doses. Although the majority of TRIA in plants is bound to (and is located in) the cuticle, small amounts can be found in parenchyma tissue. Exogenous applications of TRIA regulate directly or indirectly several physiological and biochemical processes. Many studies have shown that TRIA can increase the yield of crops, but the results have not been sufficiently consistent in the United States to recommend its use commercially. Several experiments suggest that TRIA, a metabolite of TRIA, or a secondary messenger, moves rapidly in plants after initial application. Changes in the levels of several metabolites and the optimum environmental conditions for treatment indicate that carbohydrate metabolism may be involved in the plants’ response to TRIA. Additionally, several enzymes relating to carbohydrate metabolism increase in activity following TRIA treatment. Warm temperatures before foliar applications improved the plants response to TRIA. Many compounds have an antagonistic effect on the response of plants to TRIA. The most significant are phthalate esters, which commonly occur in water and the research environment. This contamination may explain the inconsistent results encountered by several researchers in the laboratory and field. TRIA has elicited many growth responses in plants with a rapidity not shown for other plant hormones or growth regulators.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Ormrod D. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Worldwide industrialization and urbanization are resulting in modifications of the atmosphere in which horticultural plants must be produced. CO2 concentration is increasing steadily as fossil fuels are burned and emissions of industrial pollutants are also increasing, in part because lower quality fuels are being used as energy sources. Burning of fossil fuels, particularly low-quality coal, produces emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. These gaseous pollutants and others resulting directly from industrial processing may have direct and indirect effects on horticultural crops. For example, there is now an acute awareness that acid precipitation originating in industrial emissions may have severe ecological effects and that worldwide political interactions may be involved.
Physical and Chemical Properties of Coal Cinders as a Container Media Component
Authors: Neal J. C. , Wagner D. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Selected physical and chemical properties of pine bark, 2 sources of coal cinders, and mixtures thereof, were evaluated as container media components. Bulk density, air-filled pore space, particle-size distribution, cation exchange capacity, and soluble salt levels were quantified. Aged and freshly combusted cinders demonstrated no major physical or chemical disadvantages when used in container media. Acid and water extracts indicated that both sources of coal cinders released significant amounts of micronutrients and heavy metals. The concentrations of certain metals were sufficiently high to warrant concern over the possibility of plant nutritional disorders; whereas, other released elements resembled those of a supplemental micronutrient fertilizer.
Spawn Disk Inoculation of Logs to Produce Mushrooms
Authors: San Antonio J. P. , Hanners P. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Preparation and use of tightly knit disks of grain-spawn mycelium capable of immediate growth as inoculum in growing different mushrooms on logs is described. The aluminum foil used to form a disk is tightly molded over the cut-end surface of the log to hold the inoculum disk in place. This method of inoculation is quick and convenient, saves spawn material and labor, and ensures complete spawn coverage of inoculation surfaces to virtually eliminate contamination by other microorganisms. Grain-spawn disk inoculum was used successfully to inoculate logs with various mushroom species; e.g., Pleurotus sp., Lentinus edodes, Aurieularia sp., and Flamulina velutipes.
Variability among Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars for Tolerance of Flowers to Frost
Authors: Gupton C. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Southland’ flowers were significantly more tolerant to frost than 4 other cultivars of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Reduced fruit set from flowers with damaged corollas could not be attributed to lack of pollination but probably was caused by freeze damage to pistils.
Effect of Pyrene and Fluoranthene on Pollen Tube Growth in Apricot and Sweet Cherry
Authors: Facteau T. J. , Chestnut N. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In vivo pollen tube growth of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Tilton) was unaffected by air concentrations of pyrene or fluoranthene ranging from 0 to 4.7 μg/m3 and times of exposure from 16 to 48 hours. At similar exposure times and pollutant concentrations, pollen tube growth of ‘Van’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) in ‘Napoleon’ styles was reduced as In dose (hours exposure times pollutant concentration in μg/m3) of pyrene increased.
Xylem Water Potential of Peach Trees Infected with Phony Disease
Authors: Evert Dean R. , Mullinix Benjamin G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The xylem water potential of leaves of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was lower for trees with moderate to high counts of the phony peach disease organism in roots during the day in September and October (P = 0.1%), after bloom in March (P = 3%), and before harvest in May (P = 1%). No significant differences occurred for predawn measurements on any date, during periods of rapid shoot growth in June, and for measurements made on terminal twigs in January. Experimental results suggest that the phony disease organism invades and clogs the new xylem each year. The internal water stress that results when the tree transpires produces the fruit and shoot symptoms known as phony disease of peach.
Preferred Temperature for Prestorage Conditioning of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit to Prevent Chilling Injury at Low Temperatures
Authors: Hatton T. T. , Cubbedge R. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Prestorage conditioning of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) at 16°C was better than at 21° and 27° in minimizing chilling injury (Cl) to grapefruit stored at 1°. Fruit preconditioned for 7 days at 16° did not develop Cl during 21 days at 1°. Fruit stored for 28 days at 1° without preconditioning sustained 23% CL Fruit stored for 21 days at 1° after 7 days of preconditioning at either 21° or 27° sustained 11% CI.
Yield and Yield Quality in Precocious Yellow Zucchini Cultivars
Authors: Paris Harry S. , Karchi Zvi , Nerson Haim , Burger Yosef 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two precocious yellow-fruited zucchinis (Cucurbita pepo L. cvs. Goldy and Gold Rush) and a green-fruited control, ‘Burpee Hybrid Zucchini9, were compared for yield and yield quality in a series of 6 trials conducted in Israel. Overall, ‘Goldy’ and ‘Burpee Hybrid Zucchini’ produced a similar number of fruits and yield of “Grade A’’ fruits, but ‘Gold Rush’ produced significantly less. Yield quality, expressed as the percentage of “Grade A” fruits, was higher in ‘Goldy’ and ‘Burpee Hybrid Zucchini’ than in ‘Gold Rush’. Off-color fruit production was the most important parameter which reduced yield quality in ‘Gold Rush’.
Starch and Glucose Distribution within Cassava Roots as Affected by Cultivar and Location
Authors: O’Hair S. K. , Forbes R. B. , Locascio S. J. , Rich J. R. , Stanley R. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), grown at 4 locations, were analyzed for root starch distribution. Starch and glucose variation among cultivars and locations indicated that both genetic and environmental factors were involved. Glucose content of all tissues sampled was less than 2%. The correlation between glucose and starch was negative in the parenchymatous and pith tissues for all cultivars except ‘HMC-2’. Location seemed to have little effect on starch concentration, which ranged from 23-33% in the central pith, 19-26% in the peel, and 34-44% in the parenchymatous tissue between the peel and the pith. The portion of the root closest (proximal) to the plant had a higher starch concentration than did the distal portion.
Identification and Distribution of Some Carbohydrates of the Muskmelon Plant
Authors: Hughes D. L. , Yamaguchi M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The concentration of fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in the leaves, stem, and fruit of the muskmelon plant (Cucumis melo L.) was determined using paper and gas chromatography. Stachyose was the predominant sugar in the leaves but was absent in the developing fruit. Most of the 14C label in 14CO2-treated leaves was associated with stachyose, while the 14C label in the fruit was associated with fructose and glucose. The concentration of stachyose was highest in the leaves, intermediate in the stem, and lowest in the fruit.
Alteration of the Carrot Root Periderm by Ethofumesate
Authors: Knowles Lisa O’Rear , Flore J. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Soluble lipids from periderm of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. ‘Danvers’) were not decreased significantly by foliar sprays of linuron, chlorpropham, ethofumesate, or Stoddard oil applied to field plots. Ethofumesate treatments to ‘Scarlet Nantes’ grown in the greenhouse produced significant reductions in isolated periderm weight per unit area. This decrease occurred both in the chloroform/methanol-soluble and insoluble fractions. The diffusion resistance of treated roots was lower significantly than controls.
Transfer of Genes for Multiple Flowers from Capsicum chinense to Capsicum annuum
Authors: Subramanya R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An interspecific cross between Capsicum annuum L. cv. Delray Bell which has a single flower per node, and Capsicum chinense Jacq. Plant Introduction (PI) 159236 which has multiple flowers per node, was studied. The F1 generation was intermediate with double flowers per node. The segregating (F2, F3, and backcross) populations indicated that a few major genes controlled the double flower character, whereas additional genes were needed for the expression of multiple flower character.
The Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization and Sample Date on the Macronutrient Composition of Poinsettia Leaves
Authors: Cox Douglas A. , Seeley John G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotz) was grown in peat-perlite and fertilized at every watering with N and K at 2 levels each, 300 and 30 ppm, in all combinations. Recently matured upper leaves were sampled biweekly and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. N level exerted its greatest effect on N concentration. Ca and Mg concentrations were significantly reduced and K increased by 300 vs. 30 ppm K. P concentration was unaffected by fertilizer treatment. Both N and P concentrations tended to decrease with later sampling. The pattern of change in K, Mg, and Ca concentration during the sampling period was dependent on K level.
Phthalimides, Gibberellic Acid, and Flowering of Cyclamen
Authors: Thomas Paul A. , Coorts Gerald D. , Preece John E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 5 and 10 ppm hastened flowering of cyclamen Cyclamen persicum Mill., but 10 ppm caused flower abnormalities. The phthalimides AC-99524 and AC-92802 at 30 and 100 ppm stimulated an increase in flower number on all cultivars except ‘Gypsy’.
Postharvest Effects of Shipping Temperatures and Subsequent Interior Keeping Quality of Ficus benjamina
Authors: Collins P. C. , Blessington T. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina L. was dark-stored for 4, 8, or 12 days at 3°, 7°, 21°, 35° or 39°C, and then held indoors for 30 days. Plants received no damage when stored at 21° or 35° or when stored for 4 days at any temperature treatment. Leaf loss and foliar damage were more severe and dry weight, chlorophyll content, and plant grade were reduced as exposure time increased from 4 to 12 days. Plants exposed to 21° or 35° had less leaf loss and no foliar damage and greater dry weight, chlorophyll content, and plant grade than plants exposed to 3°, 7°, or 39°. Chlorophyll content was least in plants exposed to 39°.
Electrical Resistance Related to Volume of Discolored and Decayed Wood in Silver Maple
Authors: Gallagher Peter W. , Sydnor T. Davis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Columns of discolored and decayed wood associated with 42 wounds in silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) were examined with a pulsed-current resistance meter (Shigometer) prior to dissection. Resistance measurements, expressed as a percentage of control readings, were correlated to depth, cross-sectional areas, and calculated volume of the discolored and decayed wood column. The instrument accurately detected the presence and depth of discolored wood. Relative decay volume could be established in a nondestructive manner.
Propagation of Arizona Rosewood by Stem Cuttings
Authors: Smith Eileen Y. , Lee Chi Won 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Softwood stem cuttings of Arizona rosewood (Vauquelinia californica Torr.) rooted in 2 months in a mixture of 1 vermiculite and 1 perlite when grown under mist. The rooting percentages (0-95%) and the number of roots per cutting varied by clone and month. Rooting percentage was higher in May than in April, June, or July. Treatments of 4000-8000 ppm indolebutyric acid (IB A) enhanced rooting in some clones but not in others.
‘Novole’ Apple
Authors: Cummins James N. , Aldwinckle Herb S. , Byers Ross E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Novole’ is being introduced for its value as a parent in resistance breeding programs and for trial use as a vole-resistant root- and trunk-stock for the commercial apple orchard. ‘Novole’ transmits to progeny resistance to a number of environmental hazards, including pine vole and meadow vole.
‘NemaSnap’ Snap Bean
Authors: Wyatt J. E. , Fassuliotis George , Hoffman J. C. , Deakin J. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘NemaSnap’ is the first bush snap bean cultivar with resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Ko-foid & White) Chitwood. ‘NemaSnap’ is a useful bean for home and market gardens infested with large populations of root-knot nematodes due to continuous cropping with susceptible vegetable species. ‘NemaSnap’ offers a viable alternative for those who may not wish to use nematicides or who may be unable to obtain effective, restricted-use nematicides.
Content and Organization of the University-level Course in Plant Propagation
Authors: Clark James R. , Davies Frederick T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During 1982, the Propagation Working Group (ASHS) conducted a survey on the content and organization of plant propagation courses. The survey, sent to 112 major colleges or universities, was composed of 4 sections: 1) general information, 2) course organization, 3) course content, and 4) evaluation. The following results were compiled from 28 completed forms.