bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Capabilities, Internationalization and Growth of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Roles of Research and Development Intensity and Collaborative Intensity
Authors: Fredrich Viktor , Gudergan Siegfried , Bouncken Ricarda B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmall- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit from internationalization. However, there is little evidence of the extent of the benefit and its dependence on both research and development (R&D) intensity and collaborative intensity. Drawing on data of 262 SMEs, this study illuminates why some SMEs benefit more from internationalization than others, thereby illustrating an advanced application of partial least squares structural equation modeling by demonstrating conditional mediation analysis with two interdependent exogenous moderators (i.e., testing a second-stage three-way conditional mediation). Our findings substantiate that an SME’s dynamic capabilities affect its degree of internationalization and indirectly its growth, and suggest a positive marginal growth impact of internationalization provided that an SME’s R&D and collaborative intensities are proportional; when they are disproportional (i.e., one is “greater” than the other), SMEs do not experience positive marginal growth.
Surface Defects on Semicoherent and Incoherent NaCl-Type Carbides Dispersed in Hot-Rolled Ferritic Steel
Authors: Kosaka Noriaki , Čížek Jakub 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The interface structure of semicoherent titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles and incoherent micron-sized TiC precipitates in Fe–C–Ti alloy hot-rolled steel sheets was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and positron annihilation spectrometry (PAS). The TiC nanoparticles were formed by interphase precipitation during the γ-to-α transformation, and the coarse micron-sized TiC precipitates remained in the matrix as undissolved carbides in the slab reheating process before hot rolling. The semicoherent TiC nanoparticles have coherent planes with the Baker–Nutting orientation relationship and incoherent surface almost parallel to {001}
α
planes. The present investigation revealed that positrons are not annihilated inside TiC particles but rather are trapped at open volume misfit defects located at the incoherent interface between TiC particles and the matrix. The positron lifetime related to misfit defects associated with the semicoherent TiC nanoparticles and incoherent micron-sized TiC precipitates was around 240 ps and 500 ps, respectively. Considering the results of TEM observations and the theoretical positron lifetime, it can be concluded that the positron annihilation site related to TiC nanoparticles is located at the incoherent interface and consists of some vacancies.
The diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia in older persons: a systematic review
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yuki , Melgaard Dorte , Westergren Albert , Skrubbeltrang Conni , Smithard David G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is highly common across the world. It is reported that over 90% of CAP in older adults may be due to aspiration. However, the diagnostic criteria for aspiration pneumonia (AP) have not been widely agreed. Is there a consensus on how to diagnose AP? What are the clinical features of patients being diagnosed with AP? We conducted a systematic review to answer these questions.

Methods
We performed a literature search in MEDLINE®, EMBASE, CINHAL, and Cochrane to review the steps taken toward diagnosing AP. Search terms for “aspiration pneumonia” and “aged” were used. Inclusion criteria were: original research, community-acquired AP, age ≥ 75 years old, acute hospital admission.

Results
A total of 10,716 reports were found. Following the removal of duplicates, 7601 were screened, 95 underwent full-text review, and 9 reports were included in the final analysis. Pneumonia was diagnosed using a combination of symptoms, inflammatory markers, and chest imaging findings in most studies. AP was defined as pneumonia with some relation to aspiration or dysphagia. Aspiration was inferred if there was witnessed or prior presumed aspiration, episodes of coughing on food or liquids, relevant underlying conditions, abnormalities on videofluoroscopy or water swallow test, and gravity-dependent distribution of shadows on chest imaging. Patients with AP were older, more frailer, and had more comorbidities than in non-AP.

Conclusion
There is a broad consensus on the clinical criteria to diagnose AP. It is a presumptive diagnosis with regards to patients’ general frailty rather than in relation to swallowing function itself.
Learning with density matrices and random features
Authors: González Fabio A. , Gallego Alejandro , Toledo-Cortés Santiago , Vargas-Calderón Vladimir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA density matrix describes the statistical state of a quantum system. It is a powerful formalism to represent both the quantum and classical uncertainty of quantum systems and to express different statistical operations such as measurement, system combination and expectations as linear algebra operations. This paper explores how density matrices can be used as a building block for machine learning models exploiting their ability to straightforwardly combine linear algebra and probability. One of the main results of the paper is to show that density matrices coupled with random Fourier features could approximate arbitrary probability distributions over $$\mathbb {R}^{n}$$

R

n

. Based on this finding the paper builds different models for density estimation, classification and regression. These models are differentiable, so it is possible to integrate them with other differentiable components, such as deep learning architectures and to learn their parameters using gradient-based optimization. In addition, the paper presents optimization-less training strategies based on estimation and model averaging. The models are evaluated in benchmark tasks and the results are reported and discussed.
Wood-derived biochar as thick electrodes for high-rate performance supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Bing , Zheng Jiaojiao , Feng Li , Du Cheng , Jian Shaoju , Yang Weisen , Wu Yimin A. , Jiang Shaohua , He Shuijian , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading (> 10 mg cm−2) is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors. However, high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass layer, which severely hinders the ion/electron transport and results in poor capacitive performance. Herein, a self-standing biochar electrode with active mass-loading of ca. 40 mg cm−2 and thickness of 800 µm has been developed from basswood. The basswood was treated with formamide to incorporate N/O in the carbon structure, followed by mild KOH activation to ameliorate the pore size and introduce more O species in the carbon matrix. The as-prepared carbon monoliths possess well conductive carbon skeleton, abundant N/O dopant and 3D porous structure, which are favorable for the ion/electron transport and promoting capacitance performance. The self-standing carbon electrode not only exhibits the maximum areal/mass/volumetric specific capacitance of 5037.5 mF cm−2/172.5 F g−1/63.0 F cm−3 at 2 mA cm−2 (0.05 A g−1), but also displays excellent rate performance with 76% capacitance retention at 500 mA cm−2 (12.5 A g−1) in a symmetric supercapacitor, surpassing the state-of-art biomass-based thick carbon electrode. The assembled model can power typical electron devices including a fan, a digital watch and a logo made up of 34 light-emitting diodes for a proper period, revealing its practical application potential. This study not only puts forward a commercial-level high active mass-loading electrode from biomass for supercapacitor, but also bridges the gap between the experimental research and practical application.
Graphical abstract
Global Histories of Modern Europe
Authors: Evans Richard J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The historical profession emerged in Europe in the nineteenth century in tandem with the rise of the nation-state. Historians of the modern period in particular focused above all on the political history of nation-states and the diplomatic history of relations between them. Global aspects of European history were covered mainly in terms of Europe’s impact on other parts of the world, as in Hobsbawm’s “dual revolution” (the worldwide repercussions of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution), or the history of Europe’s colonial possessions overseas. And yet there were demonstrable global influences on many key developments in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe, from the liberalism of the Latin American revolutions of the 1820s to the economic impact of the cotton-growing slave economies of the American south. The globalization processes of the late twentieth century have brought these into sharper focus and powered an approach that places Europe’s history in a broader global context of mutual interaction. Yet the nation-state is not dead, and national governments are vigorously promoting a return to national histories in the service of patriotic education. Global history is here to stay, but its place in the educational system, particularly school curricula, remains heavily contested.
Neonatal visual assessment in congenital heart disease: A pilot study
Authors: Feldmann Maria , Hagmann Cornelia , Bernet Vera , Knirsch Walter , Latal Beatrice 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study assessed neonatal visual maturity in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) and its predictive value for neurodevelopmental outcomes. Neonates with CHD underwent a standardized visual assessment before and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Visual maturity was rated as normal versus abnormal by means of normative reference data. Twelve-month neurodevelopment was assessed with the Bayley-III. Twenty-five healthy controls served as the reference group. Neonatal visual assessment was performed in five neonates with CHD preoperatively and in 24 postoperatively. Only postoperative assessments were considered for further analysis. Median [IQR] age at assessment was 27.0 [21.5, 42.0] days of life in postoperative neonates with CHD and 24.0 [15.0, 32.0] in controls. Visual performance was within reference values in 87.5% in postoperative CHD versus 90.5% in healthy controls (p = 1.0). Visual maturity was not predictive of neurodevelopment at 12 months. These results demonstrate the limited feasibility and predictive value of neonatal visual assessments in CHD.
Optimal redundancy allocation in coherent systems with heterogeneous dependent components
Authors: Kelkinnama Maryam , Asadi Majid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the optimal number of redundant allocation ton-component coherent systems consisting of heterogeneous dependent components. We assume that the system is built up ofLgroups of different components,$L\geq 1$, where there are$n_i$components in groupi, and$\sum_{i=1}^{L}n_i=n$. The problem of interest is to allocate$v_i$active redundant components to each component of typei,$i=1,\dots, L$. To get the optimal values of$v_i$we propose two cost-based criteria. One of them is introduced based on the costs of renewing the failed components and the costs of refreshing the alive ones at the system failure time. The other criterion is proposed based on the costs of replacing the system at its failure time or at a predetermined time$\tau$, whichever occurs first. The expressions for the proposed functions are derived using the mixture representation of the system reliability function based on the notion of survival signature. We assume that a given copula function models the dependency structure between the components. In the particular case that the system is a series-parallel structure, we provide the formulas for the proposed cost-based functions. The results are discussed numerically for some specific coherent systems.
THE SECOND SHIFTED DIFFERENCE OF PARTITIONS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: GOMEZ KEVIN , MALES JOSHUA , ROLEN LARRY 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA number of recent papers have estimated ratios of the partition function
$p(n-j)/p(n)$
, which appear in many applications. Here, we prove an easy-to-use effective bound on these ratios. Using this, we then study the second shifted difference of partitions,
$f(\,j,n) := p(n) -2p(n-j) +p(n-2j)$
, and give another easy-to-use estimate of
$f(\,j,n)$
. As applications of these, we prove a shifted convexity property of
$p(n)$
, as well as giving new estimates of the k-rank partition function
$N_k(m,n)$
and non-k-ary partitions along with their differences.
Barriers to consumption of fruits and vegetables and strategies to overcome them in low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review
Authors: Kaur Sukhdeep 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review provides an overview of the barriers to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FVs) as well as strategies to improve the intake of FVs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The importance of the consumption of FVs and its role in disease prevention are discussed briefly. Trends in the consumption of FVs in LMICs are also summarised. The WHO recommends that every individual should consume at least five servings or 400 grams of FVs per day. Epidemiological and clinical investigations have demonstrated that FVs contain numerous bioactive compounds with health-protecting activities. Despite their health benefits, the intake of FVs in LMICs remains low. Major barriers identified were socio-demographic factors, environmental conditions, individual and cultural factors, and macrosystem influences. These barriers may be lowered at the household, school, community, and national level through multi-component interventions including behaviour change communication (BCC) initiatives, nutrition education (NE), gardening initiatives, farm to institution programs (FIPs), food baskets, cash transfers, nutrition–agriculture policy and program linkages, and food-market environment-based strategies. This review has research implications due to the positive outcomes of strategies that lower such barriers and boost consumption of FVs in LMICs.
Ein Blick in die Glaskugel
Authors: Nienaber André , Reichel Anja Maria , Schulz Michael 
Published: August 2022

Was ist zu dem Thema bekannt? An unterschiedlichen Stellen werden Überlegungen zur Zukunft der psychiatrischen Versorgung angestellt und auch formuliert. Dies geschieht auch vor dem Hintergrund allgemeiner gesellschaftlicher und politischer Entwicklungen wie z.B. dem demografischen Wandel, Bildung, Armut etc. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? In diesem Artikel wird versucht einen Überblick über die Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur zu geben und diese Ergebnisse zusammenzufassen. Diese Zusammenfassung kann eine Grundlage für weitere und auch weiterführende Überlegungen im Hinblick auf die zukünftige psychiatrische Versorgung bilden. Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis? Zu den möglichen Auswirkungen auf die Praxis soll an dieser Stelle vor allem die Förderung und Unterstützung der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema der zukünftigen psychiatrischen und psychiatrisch-pflegerischen Versorgung genannt werden. Durch den Artikel kann eine kritisch-konstruktive Diskussion über Chancen und Herausforderungen der psychiatrischen Versorgung auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen angeregt und angestossen werden.
Interpretable Deep Learning for Probabilistic MJO Prediction
Authors: Delaunay Antoine , Christensen Hannah M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant source of sub‐seasonal variability in the tropics. It consists of an Eastward moving region of enhanced convection coupled to changes in zonal winds. It is not possible to predict the precise evolution of the MJO, so sub‐seasonal forecasts are generally probabilistic. We present a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that produces skilful state‐dependent probabilistic MJO forecasts. Importantly, the CNN's forecast uncertainty varies depending on the instantaneous predictability of the MJO. The CNN accounts for intrinsic chaotic uncertainty by predicting the standard deviation about the mean, and model uncertainty using Monte‐Carlo dropout. Interpretation of the CNN mean forecasts highlights known MJO mechanisms, providing confidence in the model. Interpretation of forecast uncertainty indicates mechanisms governing MJO predictability. In particular, we find an initially stronger MJO signal is associated with more uncertainty, and that MJO predictability is affected by the state of the Walker Circulation.
West Antarctic Surface Climate Changes Since the Mid‐20th Century Driven by Anthropogenic Forcing
Authors: Dalaiden Quentin , Schurer Andrew P. , Kirchmeier‐Young Megan C. , Goosse Hugues , Hegerl Gabriele C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough the West Antarctic surface climate has experienced large changes over the past decades with widespread surface warming, an overall increase in snow accumulation and a deepening of the Amundsen Sea Low, the exact role of human activities in these changes has not yet been fully investigated, which limits confidence in future projections. Here, we perform a detection and attribution analysis using instrumental and proxy‐based reconstructions, and two large climate model simulation ensembles to quantify the forced response in these observed changes. We show that surface climate changes since the 1950s were driven by anthropogenic forcing, in particular the greenhouse gas forcing and stratospheric ozone depletion. Therefore, our results indicate that the 21st century changes will depend on both the greenhouse gas emissions and the ozone layer recovery.
Rapid Healing of Thermal Cracks in Ice
Authors: Murdza Andrii , Schulson Erland M. , Renshaw Carl E. , Polojärvi Arttu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe structural integrity of the arctic sea ice cover is under threat owing largely to the combination of thinning and larger waves. Another contributor may be thermal cracking. In concentrating stress, thermal cracks may weaken the cover. Of interest, therefore, is the strength of thermally damaged ice. To that end, new experiments were performed on sea ice and on lab‐grown saline and salt‐free ice that had been cracked by thermal shocking. As expected, the cracks weakened the materials in accord with fracture mechanics. However, within tens to hundreds of seconds of shocking, the strength recovered completely, for the ice had healed. Healing is attributed to thermally activated sintering related to surface diffusion, assisted possibly by the formation of a quasi‐liquid layer on crack faces. Whether behavior on the small scale is indicative of behavior on the large scale remains to be determined.
Distinct Upward Propagation of the Westerly QBO in Winter 2015/16 and Its Relationship With Brewer‐Dobson Circulation
Authors: Kang Min‐Jee , Son Seok‐Woo , Chun Hye‐Yeong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA westerly phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) was disrupted in 2015/16. Previous studies have primarily focused on the cause of the localized negative momentum forcing, initiating the QBO disruption. However, the upward displacement of the westerly QBO followed by the negative momentum forcing, clearly observed in 2015/16, has received less attention. This study shows that the distinct upward propagation of the westerly winds during the 2015/16 QBO disruption was contributed by the strong Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC). Strong Rossby waves with wavenumber 1 propagating from the troposphere mainly drove the strong BDC. Potential contributions of El Niño and Barents–Kara sea ice reduction to Rossby waves are also discussed.
Seismic Evidence for a Weakened Thick Crust at the Beaufort Sea Continental Margin
Authors: Estève C. , Liu Y. , Koulakov I. , Schaeffer A. J. , Audet P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Canadian Beaufort Sea continental margin of northwestern Canada is a Cenozoic convergent margin, potentially representing a rare case of incipient subduction. Here, we produce P‐ and S‐wave seismic velocity models of the crust and the uppermost mantle using recordings from regional earthquakes. Our models reveal a northwest‐dipping very low‐velocity anomaly within the crust (δV up to −15%) beneath the Romanzof Uplift. We interpret this low‐velocity feature to correspond to a weaker and thicker crust due to shortening and stacking of igneous and sedimentary rocks. The co‐location of the thickened crust and lack of present‐day seismicity indicates that north‐south compression is accommodated by slow, aseismic deformation in the narrow margin beneath the Romanzof Uplift or more broadly offshore. Neither interpretation requires nor precludes a subduction initiation process.
Latent Heating Is Required for Firestorm Plumes to Reach the Stratosphere
Authors: Tarshish Nathaniel , Romps David M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCity‐wide firestorms produce extreme convective plumes that loft soot into the atmosphere. If emplaced in the stratosphere, soot has long‐lasting impacts on global climate. Given the extreme sensible heating from the fire, the importance of additional heating from condensation is unclear and a subject of debate. Analytic plume calculations presented here establish that an idealized dry plume requires a temperature anomaly of at least 60 K at the top of the boundary‐layer to remain buoyant up to the cold‐point tropopause. Direct numerical and large‐eddy simulations indicate that dry firestorm plumes possess temperature anomalies that are less than the requirements for stratospheric ascent by a factor of two or more. In contrast, moist firestorm plumes are shown to reach the stratosphere by tapping into the abundant latent heat present in a moist environment. Latent heating is found to be essential to plume rise, raising doubts about the applicability of past work that neglected moisture.