bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Corona virus exposure as a function of interpersonal distance and time of a conversation
Authors: Svenson Ola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic people were asked to keep interpersonal distance, wash their hands and avoid gatherings of people. But, do people understand how much a change of the distance to a virus infected person means for the exposure to that person’s virus? To answer this question, we studied how people perceive virus exposure from an infected person at different distances and lengths of a conversation.MethodAn online questionnaire was distributed to 101 participants drawn from the general US population. Participants judged perceived virus exposure at different interpersonal distances to an infected person in a face to face conversation of different lengths of time. A model based on empirical and theoretical studies of dispersion of particles in the air was used to estimate a person’s objective virus exposure during different times and distances from a virus source. The model and empirical data show that exposure changes with the square of the distance and linearly with time.ResultsA majority (78%) of the participants underestimated the effects on virus exposure following a change of interpersonal distance. The dominating bias was assuming that exposure varies linearly with distance. To illustrate, an approach to a virus source from 6 to 2 feet was judged to give a 3 times higher exposure but, objectively it is 9 times. By way of contrast, perceptions of exposure as a function of the duration of a conversation were unbiased. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus is likely to be followed by other pandemics also caused by airborne Corona or other viruses. Therefore, the results are important for administrators when designing risk communications to the general public and workers in the health care sector about social distancing and infection risks.ConclusionsPeople quite drastically underestimate the increase in virus exposure following an approach to a virus infected person. They also overestimate exposure after a move away from an infected person. For public health reasons, the correct function connecting distance with virus exposure should be communicated to the general public to avoid deliberate violations of recommended interpersonal distances.
Verification and validation procedure for high-definition maps in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Kai-Wei , Wang Chi-Kuei , Hong Jung-Hong , Li Pei-Ling , Yang Chin-Sung , Tsai Meng-Lun , Lee Jeffrey , Lin Sean 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProducing high-definition maps (HD maps) is critical for achieving the goal of safe autonomous vehicles. These maps must have sufficient quality to ensure safety in self-driving applications. In this paper, a procedure for the verifying the accuracy of HD maps and validating the maps is proposed. Maps meeting the standards should have horizontal and vertical accuracy of 20 and 30 cm, respectively. Moreover, the HD maps must include attributes that can be used by autonomous vehicles.
Magnetic field enhanced critical current and subharmonic structures in dissipative superconducting gold nanowires
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Ziqiao , Wang Pinyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantum breakdown of superconductivity in low-dimensional superconducting systems has attracted enormous attention due to the underlying fluctuation. Here we report exotic phenomena observed during the current-induced breakdown of superconductivity in gold nanowires contacted by superconducting electrodes. In a 1.0 μm-long nanowire, the resistance as a function of current exhibits a random resistance switching at 1.8 K and tail-like metallic state at higher temperatures, indicating phase slips in proximity-induced superconducting nanowire. Additionally, the upper critical current is enhanced under low magnetic field, which may be attributed to the formation of spin-triplet pairing in superconducting gold nanowire. In a 1.2 μm-long gold nanowire, unexpected subharmonic structures with characteristic energy smaller than superconducting gap are superimposed on tail-like structures. The signal might be related to the axions-triggered process in phase slip center Josephson junction and thus stimulate further studies in dissipative superconducting nanowires.
An investigation on the mechanical behaviour of sandwich composite structures with circular honeycomb bamboo core
Authors: de Oliveira Lívia Ávila , Vieira Matheus Milagres , dos Santos Júlio Cesar , Freire Rodrigo Teixeira Santos , Tonatto Maikson Luiz Passaia , Panzera Túlio Hallak , Zamani Pedram , Scarpa Fabrizio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSandwich panels made with a bamboo core of different dimensions, packing geometries and facing materials are subjected to three-point bending tests and assessed through statistical and failure analysis. In addition to promoting a circular economy, this architecture holds great promise for replacing secondary structural components in sustainable construction and transportation facilities. The statistical analysis responses are associated with the equivalent density of the panels, flexural strength and modulus of the panels, skin stress and core shear strength and modulus. Individual bamboo rings are also characterised using physic mechanical and interfacial bonding tests. Treated aluminium face sheets provide the best mechanical performance compared to glass fibre-reinforced composite (GFRP) ones by increasing the overall properties of the sandwich panels. The specific face sheet material and void percentage affect the equivalent density, with lower values (~ 0.48 g/cm3) when using GFRP skins, larger bamboo rings and cubic packing. Sandwich panels with 30 mm bamboo rings and hexagonal packing provide higher flexural properties, i.e. ~ 43 MPa strength and ~ 7.6 GPa modulus, and skin stress (~ 288 MPa), while those with 20 mm bamboo rings have higher shear stiffness (~ 132 MPa) and resistance (~ 3.33 MPa). Sandwich panels made with aluminium skins show evident skin-polymer debonding, while those with GFRP have premature skin failure and lower structural performance. The proposed sandwich panels present remarkable and competitive mechanical performance concerning commercial analogous structures, generally used in the aeronautical and automotive industries.
Multiple roles of dissolved organic matter on typical engineered nanomaterials: environmental behaviors, pollutants removal and potential risks
Authors: Zheng Xianyao , Xu Zhixiang , Liu Jun , Luo Yu , Gu Lipeng , Zhao Dimeng , Hu Siyuan , Pan Xuejun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of nanotechnology, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been produced and widely used in various fields, especially in environmental protection. ENMs would be released into the environmental media, particularly natural water, and then they exert great risks to ecosystem safety and human health. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) commonly exists in water environments. As a result, the interactions between DOM and ENMs are bound to occur. Herein, the multiple roles of DOM on ENMs are summarized. DOM can often interact with ENMs to positively or negatively influence nanomaterials-mediated pollutant removal through adsorption and catalytic degradation processes. On the other hand, DOM also regulates the potential ecotoxic effects of ENMs on organisms, either mitigation or enhancement. ENMs in turn would alter the physicochemical properties of DOM along with their environmental behaviors and risks. The present review aims to provide insight into DOM's influence on environmental behaviors, environmental applications, and potential risks of ENMs.
Graphical Abstract
Can we trust trust-based data governance models?
Authors: van der Sloot Bart , Keymolen Esther 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFiduciary agents and trust-based institutions are increasingly proposed and considered in legal, regulatory, and ethical discourse as an alternative or addition to a control-based model of data management. Instead of leaving it up to the citizen to decide what to do with her data and to ensure that her best interests are met, an independent person or organization will act on her behalf, potentially also taking into account the general interest. By ensuring that these interests are protected, the hope is that citizens’ willingness to share data will increase, thereby allowing for more data-driven projects. Thus, trust-based models are presented as a win–win scenario. It is clear, however, that there are also apparent dangers entailed with trust-based approaches. Especially one model, that of data trusts, may have far-reaching consequences.
A dependent multimodel approach to climate prediction with Gaussian processes
Authors: Thompson Marten , Braverman Amy , Chatterjee Snigdhansu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSimulations of future climate contain variability arising from a number of sources, including internal stochasticity and external forcings. However, to the best of our abilities climate models and the true observed climate depend on the same underlying physical processes. In this paper, we simultaneously study the outputs of multiple climate simulation models and observed data, and we seek to leverage their mean structure as well as interdependencies that may reflect the climate’s response to shared forcings. Bayesian modeling provides a fruitful ground for the nuanced combination of multiple climate simulations. We introduce one such approach whereby a Gaussian process is used to represent a mean function common to all simulated and observed climates. Dependent random effects encode possible information contained within and between the plurality of climate model outputs and observed climate data. We propose an empirical Bayes approach to analyze such models in a computationally efficient way. This methodology is amenable to the CMIP6 model ensemble, and we demonstrate its efficacy at forecasting global average near-surface air temperature. Results suggest that this model and the extensions it engenders may provide value to climate prediction and uncertainty quantification.
Affective Reason
Authors: McMartin Jason , Pickavance Timothy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the recent explosion of literature on the epistemological role of emotions and other affective states by defending two claims. First, affective states might do more than position us to receive evidence or function as evidence. Affective states might be thought to appraise evidence, in the sense that affective states influence what doxastic state is rational for someone given a body of evidence. The second claim is that affective evidentialism, the view that affective states function rationally in this way, is not just possible but plausible and fruitful. We offer two arguments in favor of affective evidentialism.
Diode-pumped high-power continuous-wave intracavity frequency-doubled Pr3+:YLF ultraviolet lasers around 349 nm
Authors: Lin Xiuji , Zhang Zheng , Ji Shuaihao , Fang Run , Xiao Bo , Xu Huiying , Cai Zhiping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
High-power continuous-wave ultraviolet lasers are useful for many applications. As ultraviolet laser sources, the wavelength switching capability and compact structure are very important to extend the applicability and improve the flexibility in practical applications. In this work, we present two simple and relatively compact schemes by laser diode pumping to obtain a watt-level single-wavelength 348.7-nm laser and discrete wavelength tunable ultraviolet lasers around 349 nm (from 334.7 to 364.5 nm) by intracavity frequency doubling based on Pr3+:YLF and

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-BBO crystals. The maximum output power of the single-wavelength 348.7-nm laser is 1.033 W. The output powers of the discrete wavelength tunable lasers are at the level of tens of milliwatts, except for two peaks at 348.7 and 360.3 nm with output powers of approximately 500 mW. In addition, simulations are carried out to explain the experimental results and clarify the tuning mechanisms.
American Religious Liberty without (Much) Theory - Discussed: Religion and the American Constitutional Experiment, 5th ed. By John WitteJr. , Joel A. Nichols, and Richard W. Garnett. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022. Pp. 464. $150.00 (cloth); $39.95 (paper); $26.99 (digital). ISBN: 9780197587614.
Authors: Chapman Nathan S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe author first presents an uncritical user’s guide to the book, then discusses why Witte, Nichols, and Garnett should consider including key chapters of the story of US religious liberty in the next edition. The author then deconstructs the normative and methodological assumptions of the book.
Leading voices: dialogue semantics, cognitive science and the polyphonic structure of multimodal interaction
Authors: Lücking Andy , Ginzburg Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe neurocognition of multimodal interaction – the embedded, embodied, predictive processing of vocal and non-vocal communicative behaviour – has developed into an important subfield of cognitive science. It leaves a glaring lacuna, however, namely the dearth of a precise investigation of the meanings of the verbal and non-verbal communication signals that constitute multimodal interaction. Cognitively construable dialogue semantics provides a detailed and context-aware notion of meaning, and thereby contributes content-based identity conditions needed for distinguishing syntactically or form-based defined multimodal constituents. We exemplify this by means of two novel empirical examples: dissociated uses of negative polarity utterances and head shaking, and attentional clarification requests addressing speaker/hearer roles. On this view, interlocutors are described as co-active agents, thereby motivating a replacement of sequential turn organisation as a basic organising principle with notions of leading and accompanying voices. The Multimodal Serialisation Hypothesis is formulated: multimodal natural language processing is driven in part by a notion of vertical relevance – relevance of utterances occurring simultaneously – which we suggest supervenes on sequential (‘horizontal’) relevance – relevance of utterances succeeding each other temporally.
Different trajectories of depression, anxiety and anhedonia symptoms in the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a UK longitudinal sample
Authors: Parsons Christine E. , Purves Kirstin L. , Skelton Megan , Peel Alicia J. , Davies Molly R. , Rijsdijk Fruhling , Bristow Shannon , Eley Thalia C. , Breen Gerome , Hirsch Colette R. , Young Katherine S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile studies from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic have described initial negative effects on mental health and exacerbating mental health inequalities, longer-term studies are only now emerging.MethodIn total, 34 465 individuals in the UK completed online questionnaires and were re-contacted over the first 12 months of the pandemic. We used growth mixture modelling to identify trajectories of depression, anxiety and anhedonia symptoms using the 12-month data. We identified sociodemographic predictors of trajectory class membership using multinomial regression models.ResultsMost participants had consistently low symptoms of depression or anxiety over the year of assessments (60%, 69% respectively), and a minority had consistently high symptoms (10%, 15%). We also identified participants who appeared to show improvements in symptoms as the pandemic progressed, and others who showed the opposite pattern, marked symptom worsening, until the second national lockdown. Unexpectedly, most participants showed stable low positive affect, indicating anhedonia, throughout the 12-month period. From regression analyses, younger age, reporting a previous mental health diagnosis, non-binary, or self-defined gender, and an unemployed or a student status were significantly associated with membership of the stable high symptom groups for depression and anxiety.ConclusionsWhile most participants showed little change in their depression and anxiety symptoms across the first year of the pandemic, we highlight the divergent responses of subgroups of participants, who fared both better and worse around national lockdowns. We confirm that previously identified predictors of negative outcomes in the first months of the pandemic also predict negative outcomes over a 12-month period.
Accepting Moral Luck and Taking Responsibility in Public Health Crises
Authors: Tigard Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe see cases of moral luck arising in recent times, as we face the uncertainties of provisional rules for navigating the coronavirus pandemic. How should we respond to rule-breakers, and how should they view themselves, when they cause harm inadvertently? Although some argue that guilt is unnecessary for any harm that may result from luck, this paper takes moral luck seriously and encourages consideration of the benefits to be achieved by expressions of self-blame amidst troubling circumstances, from pure accidents to how we live during pandemics. It argues that rule-breakers in public health crises show us the importance of taking responsibility for our actions.
Reluctant Rulers: Policy, Politics, and Assisted Reproduction Technology in Japan
Authors: Croydon Silvia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article puts the spotlight on the world’s largest artificial reproduction technology (ART) industry—that of Japan, seeking to explain the exceptional tardiness of the government there to install a comprehensive legal framework that regulates these practices. By relying on minutes from a conversation with an influential parliamentarian active in this area, as well as official documents, media reports, and an interview conducted with key physicians, the article reconstructs the historical trajectory leading to the enactment in December 2020 of the Assisted Reproduction Technology Act. The author contends that it is only on the background of an overview of what happened in the two decades preceding the promulgation of this Act that a sense can be made of why the latter came to be as scant and evasive as it is in terms of provisions, de facto leaving unaltered the socially and ethically undesirable situation of self-regulation in ART application by the Japanese doctors. This article adds credence to the hypothesis with regard to the issue of regulatory governance of emerging technologies more broadly that the direction of travel is toward soft, as opposed to hard, law.
Negative Sentiment and Congressional Cue-Taking on Social Media
Authors: Macdonald Maggie , Russell Annelise , Hua Whitney 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTCongressional candidates regularly turn their frustration into posts on Facebook, fueling extreme partisanship and “echo-chamber” dialogue with their negative sentiment. In this research, we provide new evidence demonstrating the power of that negative sentiment to elicit more user engagement on Facebook across various metrics, illustrating how congressional candidates’ use of negativity corresponds with greater negativity in public responses. To fully comprehend the impact of these online political messages, we use a dictionary-based computational approach to catalog the tone of US House of Representatives candidates’ messages on Facebook and the user responses they elicit during the 2020 election. This research speaks to the power of elite rhetoric to shape political climates and pairs candidate strategies with user responses—contributing new insights into the mechanisms for voter engagement.
Critical junctures and the crystallization of cosmopolitanism and communitarianism
Authors: de Wilde Pieter , Langsæther Peter Egge , Özdemir Sina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA burgeoning literature documents the emergence of a new globalization cleavage in Western Europe, centered around the issues of immigration and European integration. We investigate to what extent the globalization cleavage has crystallized by studying the alignment of preferences regarding open borders, their connection to more fundamental elements in the normative component of cosmopolitanism and communitarianism, and the extent to which this links up to the organizational component through party choice. To do this, we use innovative items tapping into political priorities, values, understandings of democracy, and virtues in a cross-sectional comparative survey in Norway and the UK. We find that the globalization cleavage is significantly more developed in the UK than in Norway but lacks a solidified normative component in both. This implies that considerable opportunities remain for ideological entrepreneurs to either fortify or dilute this cleavage, even in the UK.
Magnetosphere Distortions During the “Satellite Killer” Storm of February 3–4, 2022, as Derived From a Hybrid Empirical Model and Archived Data Mining
Authors: Tsyganenko N. A. , Andreeva V. A. , Sitnov M. I. , Stephens G. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA pair of relatively mild geomagnetic storms of February 3–4, 2022, resulted in the loss of 38 Starlink satellites. In this work we reconstruct a sequence of magnetospheric configurations during that event, based on the largest ever archive of historical data, a new magnetic field model, and the nearest‐neighbor method of mining the solar wind, magnetosphere, and ground activity data. The model is constructed as a combination of main modular framework, explicitly representing magnetic effects of principal current systems, and a high‐resolution superstructure, based on expanding the field of equatorial currents into a sum of quasi‐orthogonal harmonics, whose purpose is to correct residual inaccuracies of the modular component. In addition, the variable penetration of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) into the magnetosphere is taken into account in the form of a potential field, parameterized by the observed IMF components. Despite relatively modest intensity of the event in terms of Sym‐H peak values, surprisingly strong transient distortions of the global magnetic field are found. Whereas under quiet pre‐storm conditions the midnight segment of synchronous orbit and the dayside cusps mapped, respectively, to ∼67° and ∼77° of corrected latitude, at the peak of the storm their footpoints shifted equatorward to as low as ∼63° and ∼67°–68°, with formation of entangled flux‐rope‐like structures and magnetic neutral lines at distances R ∼ 12–15 RE on the nightside. At nearly the same time, a deep magnetic depression and, possibly, an island of reversed field polarity forms even closer, in the post‐dusk sector of geosynchronous orbit.