bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mushroom-Shaped Micropillar With a Maximum Pull-Off Force
Authors: Zhao Jinsheng , Lu Taiping , Pan Taisong , Li Xiangyu , Shi Mingxing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The bioinspired structure of the mushroom-shaped micropillar has been considered a blueprint of functionalized adhesives due to its prominent dry adhesive performance. Among the design strategies, the geometrical parameters of the stalk and tip are of significance for improving their adhesion performance. In this study, mushroom-shaped micropillars in different diameters of the stalk and tip are fabricated by a new fabrication approach, and the adhesion measurements are performed to study the influences of loading conditions and geometrical parameters on the pull-off force. The experimental and numerical results suggest that the stalk and tip diameters strongly affect the interfacial detachment behavior and the pull-off force. Two detachment modes are distinguished by the positions of the crack initiation. Finite elemental analyses reveal the detachment mechanisms by the interfacial stress distribution and damage evolution. According to the detachment mechanisms, a structure design strategy for mushroom-shaped micropillar with maximum pull-off force is proposed. The present studies provide a fresh insight into the adhesion behaviors of mushroom-shaped micropillars and contribute to the future adhesive design.
Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma
Authors: Carnevale Joseph Anthony , Goldberg Jacob , Kocharian Gary , Rivera Maricruz , Giantini Larsen Alexandra , Garton Andrew , Ramos Alexander , Francis Jasmine H , Abramson David H , Pierre Gobin Y 
Published: May 2022

Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma is a minimally invasive and chemotherapeutic approach resulting in eye salvage and vision restoration or preservation. Moreover, IAC has proven to effectively treat advanced retinoblastoma while not compromising patient survival. Our institutional experience with IAC for retinoblastoma has included over 500 patients and over 2400 intra-arterial infusions. Each infusion is completed with the use of a micropuncture for arterial access and microcatheter for infusion, eliminating the need for guide catheters and related complications (video 1). This treatment modality has resulted in >95% ocular survival and reduces enucleation to <5% for this population. In addition to local therapy, including cryotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy, or laser treatments, by the ophthalmologist, IAC has become an important component of comprehensive multidisciplinary and multimodal therapy for this disease. For what used to require a possibly vision-sacrificing procedure, retinoblastoma treated with IAC minimizes the need for enucleation while maximizing both patient and ocular survival.Supplementary dataVideo 1
Neonatal pneumothorax in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Be wary of high ventilatory pressures
Authors: Rubalcava Nathan , Norwitz Gabriella A , Kim Aimee G , Weiner Gary , Matusko Niki , Arnold Meghan A , Mychaliska George B , Perrone Erin E 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPatients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) require invasive respiratory support and higher ventilator pressures may be associated with barotrauma. We sought to evaluate the risk factors associated with pneumothorax in CDH neonates prior to repair.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed newborns born with CDH between 2014 and 2019 who developed a pneumothorax, and we matched these cases to patients with CDH without pneumothorax.ResultsTwenty-six patients were included (n=13 per group). The pneumothorax group required extracorporeal life support (ECLS) more frequently (85% vs 54%, p=0.04), particularly among type A/B defects (31% vs 7%, p=0.01). The pneumothorax group had higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) within 1 hour of birth (p=0.02), at pneumothorax diagnosis (p=0.003), and at ECLS (p=0.02). The pneumothorax group had a higher mean airway pressure (Paw) at birth (p=0.01), within 1 hour of birth (p=0.01), and at pneumothorax diagnosis (p=0.04). Using multiple logistic regression with cluster robust SEs, higher Paw (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.72, p=0.03) and PEEP (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.14, p=0.007) were associated with an increased risk of developing pneumothorax. There was no difference in survival (p=0.09).ConclusionsDevelopment of a pneumothorax in CDH neonates is independently associated with higher Paw and higher PEEP. A pneumothorax increases the likelihood of treated with ECLS, even with smaller defect.
Efficacy of Telemedicine Utilization for Cardiac Outpatients’ Care during the Pandemic of COVID-19: A Large Center Experience in the Wave of the Pandemic
Authors: Alhejily Wesam A. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Synchronous telemedicine using teleconferencing may play a role in clinical care. In a tertiary care center, video conferencing-enhanced virtual clinics were established via a new application platform. They were introduced during COVID-19 pandemic to connect patients to trained health-care providers via a secured line. While maintaining patients’ privacy, they were theorized to offer effective communications and continuous clinical care. In this cross-sectional cohort study, we ought to examine the impact of service and the assistance they may offer to cardiac patients in the outpatient setup. Methods. A prospective cohort study looking at all video-conferencing virtual clinics’ visits during the pandemic with primary focus on cardiac outpatient clinic, addressing primary endpoints of need for admission or emergency visits from cardiac demises during the pandemic and secondary endpoint of patient satisfaction based on patients’ experiences. Results. A total of 6000 live care video-based chats were made over 10 months period from March 10th, 2020, to January 30th, 2021, among which 277 patients were evaluated in the virtual cardiac clinic, of these 193 (69.7%) were males, with mean age of

48
±
15.60

(22.3%), patients were requested to present to clinic for further evaluation and testing, 20 (7.2%) patients were asked to visit the emergency room, of whom 8 (2.8%) patients were hospitalized. All 8 were admitted for high-risk findings that require immediate medical attention, 4/8 underwent cardiac catheterization, mean duration of admission was

2
±
1

days

. When compared to regular walk-in care, there was a statistical difference in admission rate and emergency visits

p
=
0.001

and

p
=
0.0001

, respectively, both were statistically higher in the virtual clinic. The satisfaction rate in a 5-scale grading system was 97% of 4 and above recommending the continuation of the service beyond pandemic time. Conclusions. Video-enhanced virtual cardiology clinic works safely and efficiently during COVID-19 pandemic with a difference in admission rate and ER visits when compared to walk-in clinic. It can be used during nonpandemic time to reduce load on hospital and clinic crowdedness. It also decreases the chances of COVID-19 transmission indirectly by reenforcing physical distance.
Temporal Trends in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Birthing Individuals Aged 15 to 44 Years in the United States, 2007 to 2019
Authors: Freaney Priya M. , Harrington Katharine , Molsberry Rebecca , Perak Amanda M. , Wang Michael C. , Grobman William , Greenland Philip , Allen Norrina B. , Capewell Simon , O’Flaherty Martin , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Khan Sadiya S. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [HDP], preterm delivery [PTD], or low birth weight [LBW]) are associated adverse maternal and offspring cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore, we sought to describe nationwide temporal trends in the burden of each APO (HDP, PTD, LBW) from 2007 to 2019 to inform strategies to optimize maternal and offspring health outcomes.

Methods and Results
We performed a serial cross‐sectional analysis of APO subtypes (HDP, PTD, LBW) from 2007 to 2019. We included maternal data from all live births that occurred in the United States using the National Center for Health Statistics Natality Files. We quantified age‐standardized and age‐specific rates of APOs per 1000 live births and their respective mean annual percentage change. All analyses were stratified by self‐report of maternal race and ethnicity. Among 51 685 525 live births included, 15% were to non‐Hispanic Black individuals, 24% Hispanic individuals, and 6% Asian individuals. Between 2007 and 2019, age standardized HDP rates approximately doubled, from 38.4 (38.2–38.6) to 77.8 (77.5–78.1) per 1000 live births. A significant inflection point was observed in 2014, with an acceleration in the rate of increase of HDP from 2007 to 2014 (+4.1% per year [3.6–4.7]) to 2014 to 2019 (+9.1% per year [8.1–10.1]). Rates of PTD and LBW increased significantly when co‐occurring in the same pregnancy with HDP. Absolute rates of APOs were higher in non‐Hispanic Black individuals and in older age groups. However, similar relative increases were seen across all age,racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions
In aggregate, APOs now complicate nearly 1 in 5 live births. Incidence of HDP has increased significantly between 2007 and 2019 and contributed to the reversal of favorable trends in PTD and LBW. Similar patterns were observed in all age groups, suggesting that increasing maternal age at pregnancy does not account for these trends. Black–White disparities persisted throughout the study period.
The Statistics of Oceanic Turbulence Measurements. Part II: Shear Spectra and a New Spectral Model
Authors: Lueck Rolf G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This manuscript provides (i) the statistical uncertainty of a shear spectrum and (ii) a new universal shear spectrum, and (iii) shows how these are combined to quantify the quality of a shear spectrum. The data from four collocated shear probes, described in Part I, are used to estimate the spectra of shear, Ψ(k), for wavenumbers k ≥ 2 cpm, from data lengths of 1.0 to 50.5 m, using Fourier transform (FT) segments of 0.5 m length. The differences of the logarithm of pairs of simultaneous shear spectra are stationary, distributed normally, independent of the rate of dissipation, and only weakly dependent on wavenumber. The variance of the logarithm of an individual spectrum, , equals one-half of the variance of these differences and is , where Nf is the number of FT segments used to estimate the spectrum. This term σlnΨ provides the statistical basis for constructing the confidence interval of the logarithm of a spectrum, and thus, the spectrum itself. A universal spectrum of turbulence shear is derived from the nondimensionalization of 14 600 spectra estimated from 5 m segments of data. This spectrum differs from the Nasmyth spectrum and from the spectrum of Panchev and Kesich by 8% near its peak, and is approximated to within 1% by a new analytic equation. The difference between the logarithms of a measured and a universal spectrum, together with the confidence interval of a spectrum, provides the statistical basis for quantifying the quality of a measured shear (and velocity) spectrum, and the quality of a dissipation estimate that is derived from the spectrum.

Significance Statement
The results reported here can be used to estimate the statistical uncertainty of a spectrum of turbulent shear or velocity that is derived from a finite number of discrete Fourier transform segments, and they can be used to quantify the quality of a spectrum.
Changes in Bone Mineral Density After Parathyroidectomy and Their Relations With Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism
Authors: Xu Qiqi , Kong Na , Zhang Ziqin , Cui Aimin , Tan Shen , Bai Nan 
Published: May 2022

Background To measure total type 1 serum amino-terminal propeptide procollagen (t-P1NP), β- type 1 cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide collagen (β-CTX), N-terminal osteocalcin (OC), and 25-(OH)-VD3 levels before parathyroidectomy (PTX) in patients with PHPT, and correlate these measurements with bone mineral density (BMD) changes at 1-year post-PTX. Methods Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were followed from diagnosis to 12 months after surgery. Serum levels of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin 25-(OH)-VD3, OC, β-CTX, t-P1NP, and BMD were measured before and 1 year after surgery. Results One year after PTX, mean BMD increased by 25.7, 27.7, and 33.5% in the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck (FN), and greater trochanter (GT), respectively. Percent BMD change 1-year post-PTX was significant correlated with preoperative levels of β-CTX (L1-L4: r = 0.41 , P < 0.0001; FN: r = 0.54 , P = 0.0003; GT: r = 0.46 , P = 0.0029), t-P1NP (L1-L4: r = 0.58 , P < 0.0001; FN: r = 0.73 , P < 0.0001; GT: r = 0.65 , P < 0.0001), 25-(OH)-VD3 (L1-L4: r = −0.33 , P = 0.034; FN: r = −0.48 , P = 0.002; GT: r = −0.52 , P = 0.0007), and OC (L1-L4: r = 0.49 , P = 0.0013; FN: r = 0.55 , P = 0.0002; GT: r = 0.47 , P = 0.002). Conclusions Preoperative levels of turnover markers and BMD improvements were significantly correlated in patients with PHPT 1 year after PTX.
Utilizing of Removable Rigid Dressing to Decrease Below the Knee Amputations to Above the Knee Amputations Conversion Rates
Authors: Fencel Robin , Fitzpatrick Suzanna , Dunlap Eleanor , Nagarsheth Khanjan 
Published: May 2022

Introduction/Objective Below the knee amputations (BKAs) are preferred to above the knee amputations (AKAs) due to better rehabilitation and functional outcomes. Assessment of literature for best practice identified that utilization of a removable rigid dressing (RRD) improves post-operative BKA care by expediting wound healing and reduces the hospital length of stay compared to a soft dressing. We hypothesized that there would be a decrease of conversions from BKA to AKA following utilizing of RRD device. Methods Retrospective chart review of all BKA performed by the vascular surgery service at a tertiary care hospital between January 2017 and December 2021. Demographic data obtained including age, body mass index (BMI), comorbid conditions, infection at time of BKA, anesthesia type, and operative blood loss. Data analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum, Fisher’s exact, and Student’s t-tests. This study was approved by the institutional review board. Results From 2017 to 2019, conversion to AKA occurred in 18 out of the 42 patients who underwent BKA (42.86%) within the first 4-week post-operative period. After the standard used of a RRD, 53 patients underwent BKA surgery, with only 4 (7.55%) requiring conversion to AKA within the 4-week post-operative period. Conclusion Utilizing a RRD after BKA can improve wound healing, protect the residual limb, and help prevent conversions to AKA. In this retrospective review at a single institution there was a decrease of conversion from BKA to AKA in a 2-year period. Ridged removal dressings should be considered first-line therapy in the post-operative care of BKA patients.
Mariátegui and Latin American Marxist Feminism: A Necessary Revisit
Authors: Duarte Joana das Flores 
Published: May 2022

Of the vast political, intellectual, artistic, and literary contribution of the Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui, the attention he gave to the feminist movement and women’s struggles in 1924 was groundbreaking even to his followers. The revolutionary character he attributed, in the light of Marxist theory, to the entry of women into the workforce was aimed at showing that the development of productive forces was inherent to struggles between capital and labor. On the eve of the centennial of the publication of his “La mujer y la politica” and “Las reivindicaciones feministas,” Mariátegui’s ideas are current from a political and organizational point of view not only with regard to class struggle but, above all, with regard the intersection between Marxist thought and contemporary Latin American feminism. El marxista José Carlos Mariátegui cuenta con una vasta contribución política, intelectual, artística y literaria. De entre su obra, la atención que prestó al movimiento feminista y a las luchas de las mujeres en 1924 resultó innovadora incluso para sus seguidores. El carácter revolucionario que atribuía, bajo el lente de la teoría marxista, a la entrada de las mujeres en la fuerza de trabajo tenía como objetivo mostrar que el desarrollo de las fuerzas productivas era inherente a las luchas entre el capital y el trabajo. En vísperas del centenario de la publicación de sus textos “La mujer y la política” y “Las reivindicaciones feministas,” las ideas de Mariátegui resultan actuales desde un punto de vista político y organizativo no solo en lo que respecta a la lucha de clases sino, sobre todo, en relación a la intersección entre el pensamiento marxista y el feminismo latinoamericano contemporáneo.
What Students Value Most: A Qualitative Examination of Learner Experiences in a Fully Online Degree Program
Authors: Pham Lam D. , Matthews Gage F. , Cravens Xiu 
Published: May 2022

Background: Enrollment in online degree programs has grown rapidly in U.S. higher education institutions, but much of the research on online learning draws from student experiences in a singular online course. Student experiences in fully online programs likely differ from the experience of taking a one-off online class, especially as students become more familiar with online learning after multiple courses. Yet, research examining student experiences in fully online programs remains sparse. Objective: In this exploratory and theory-building study, we examine student experiences after they have taken multiple courses in a fully online degree program. Relying on the perspective of students, our goal is to better understand what elements of fully online learning programs are most valued by learners. Setting: We examine a fully online EdD program in leadership and learning at a private university in the United States. The program includes a series of courses that all include both asynchronous (e.g., readings and lecture videos) and synchronous activities. For synchronous sessions, students log in with their computers every week using teleconferencing software that allows them to interact with the instructor and with classmates in real time. Research Design: We qualitatively analyze student interview data. We employ the How People Learn Framework to guide our analysis and extend our understanding of two of its key learning-environment dimensions: the learner-centered and community-centered dimensions. We purposively sampled 31 students for the semistructured interviews. To analyze interview transcripts, we used a grounded theory approach that began with line-by-line codes that we aggregated into categorical tags that were used to support the emergent themes. Results: We find that students value four learner-centered program characteristics (diversity, authenticity, safety, and individuality) and five community-centered program structures (facilitating peer-to-peer interactions, establishing norms and expectations, differentiating for learning preferences, explaining the strengths and limitations of technology, and supporting student-driven initiatives). Conclusion: We discuss cognitive tensions in students’ self-reported perceptions of their experiences and highlight the need for future research to examine how online learning programs can be better structured to support students in diverse and inclusive learning communities.
A 10-year experience of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava
Authors: Pan Jun , Qiu Chen-yang , He Yang-yan , Xue Xing , Li Dong-lin , Tian Lu , Cheng Fei , Wu Zi-heng , Zhang Hong-kun 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is rare. The study reviewed patients with IVC leiomyosarcoma in our hospital in the past ten years. Methods Twenty patients diagnosed with IVC leiomyosarcoma between October 2010 and October 2020 were enrolled. Their clinical manifestations, treatments, and follow-up results were analyzed. Results The sarcoma was located in the lower IVC segment in six patients, with 13 in the middle and one in the upper IVC segment. Eighteen patients underwent R0 resection. After resection, 16 patients (80%) had primary repair of the IVC, while four patients underwent ligation. During a mean follow-up of 37.7 months, seven patients died due to tumor metastasis, four patients were alive with the tumor recurrence and other nine patients were alive without recurrence. Conclusion The management of the IVC after tumor resection depended on the tumor location and size. R0 resection provided a chance for long term survival.
Prevalence of Paget’s disease of bone: review of consecutive abdominopelvic CT scans and literature
Authors: Husseini Jad S , Oganesyan Ruben , Staffa Steven J , Huang Emily , Habibollahi Sina , Hemke Robert , Chang Connie 
Published: May 2022

Background Previous studies suggest an overall decrease of Paget's disease of bone (PDB) prevalence. However, a large number of asymptomatic patients make previously reported prevalence likely underrepresented. Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of PDB in our patient population. Material and Methods We retrospectively identified 1295 (mean age = 59 years; age range = 18–98 years) consecutive abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans over a 15-day period in 2014. Abdominopelvic CT images were reviewed to assess for the presence of PDB in the lower thoracic spine, lumbar spine, pelvis, or proximal femora. This prevalence was compared with prevalence reported in earlier literature using Fisher’s exact test Results Of the included patients, 5/1295 (0.39%) patients had imaging findings of PDB on abdominopelvic CT. Those five patients were all aged ≥55 years and had pelvic bone involvement, with one patient having additional involvement of multiple lower thoracic vertebral bodies. In our studied cohort, 812/1295 (62.7%) patients were aged ≥55 years, which corresponds to a prevalence of 0.62% (5/812) of PDB in patients aged ≥55 years. When accounting for fact that bones of the pelvis are involved in 40%–91% of patients with PDB, the prevalence is estimated at 0.43%–0.98% in the total adult population and estimated at 0.68%–1.55% in older adults. The prevalence was greater than two studies before 1960, and less than some studies during 1960–2019. Conclusion We found that the prevalence of PDB on abdominopelvic CTs was 0.39% of all adult patients with an increase after the age of 55 years.
Making all the right moves: Clinician-led development and pilot of an evaluative toolkit for a community-based school readiness group program
Authors: Henderson Jacqueline , Hughes Rod , Coxon Kristy 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Children often present to occupational therapy with delays in pre-school occupations, with underlying skill deficits. If unaddressed, deficits may affect adjustment to school, jeopardising educational progress. Although evidence supports group-based interventions, evaluation can be time-intensive and expensive. We developed and piloted an evaluative toolkit to measure and report outcomes for short school readiness groups. Method We sought measures that were inexpensive, reliable and responsive to change in key domains. Skills and pre-school occupations were measured in children [ n = 58; mean = 5 years] before and after our school starters group program. Parents rated their children’s skills, school readiness and level of school-related anxiety. Results Our resource-efficient, multi-measure, skills-based evaluative toolkit reliably recorded changes in children’s performance in our school readiness program. Measures were adapted for groups. Children demonstrated improvements in skills important for successful school transition pre-post program; including static and dynamic balance, pencil grasp/control, pre-writing/drawing skills and name writing. Parents’ confidence in their child’s readiness for school increased, while school-related-anxiety decreased. Conclusion The evaluative toolkit proved responsive to change and showed excellent inter-rater reliability. Measures were practicable for groups, easy to administer and score, and engaged parents in their child’s progress. In our six-session School Starters group, important pre-school skills were improved in participating children.