bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature‐Processed Monolayer Inverse Opal SnO2 Scaffold for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Wenjia , Cheng Bei , Xiao Peng , Chen Tao , Zhang Jianjun , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention in the photovoltaic field due to their excellent optical properties and simple fabrication process. However, the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs at the interface severely affects the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSCs. Herein, a monolayer of inverse opal SnO2 (IO‐SnO2) is synthesized via a template‐assisted method and used as a scaffold for perovskite layer (PSK). The porous IO‐SnO2 scaffold increases the contact area and shortens the transport distance between the electron transport layer (ETL) and PSK. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy results indicate that the built‐in electric field is enhanced with IO‐SnO2 scaffold, strengthening the driving force for charge separation. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal that the IO‐SnO2 scaffold facilitates interfacial electron transfer from PSK to ETL. Based on the above superiorities, the IO‐SnO2‐based PSCs exhibit boosted PCE and device stability compared with the pristine PSCs. This work provides insights into the development of novel scaffold layers for high‐performance PSCs.
Transition Metal d‐band Center Tuning by Interfacial Engineering to Accelerate Polysulfides Conversion for Robust Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Guo Pengqian , Chen Weixin , Zhou Yifan , Xie Fangyan , Qian Guoyu , Jiang Pengfeng , He Deyan , Lu Xia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) promise high theoretical energy density and potential cost effectiveness, their applications are severely impeded by the shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). In this context, a Co9S8@MoS2 heterostructure is sophisticatedly designed as an efficient catalytic host to boost the sulfur reduction reaction/evolution reaction (SRR/SER) kinetics and suppresses the LiPSs shuttling in LSBs. The results indicate that the electronic structure is manipulated in the Co9S8@MoS2 heterostructure, where the built‐in electric fields (BIEFs) within the heterointerfaces enable the sufficient adsorption sites to accelerate the ionic diffusion/charge transfer kinetics for LiPSs redox, thus enhancing the sulfur conversion. By tuning the electronic structure, the metal d‐band of Co9S8@MoS2 heterostructure plays an important role in adsorbing and catalyzing the conversion of LiPSs, thus promoting the reaction kinetics of the corresponding LSBs. This work unlocks the potential of heterostructures as promising catalysts to the design of high‐energy and stabilized LSBs.
Surface Self‐Assembly Protonation Triggering Triple‐Conductive Heterostructure with Highly Enhanced Oxygen Reduction for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Song Rui , Huan Daoming , Zhu Kang , Li Xinyu , Han Hairui , Xia Changrong , Peng Ranran , Lu Yalin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriple‐conducting (H+/O2−/e−) cathodes are a vital constituent of practical protonic ceramic fuel cells. However, seeking new candidates has remained a grand challenge on account of the limited material system. Though triple conduction can be achieved by mechanically mixing powders uniformly consisting of oxygen ion–electron and proton conductors, the catalytic activity and durability are still restricted. By leveraging this fact, a highly efficient strategy to construct a triple‐conductive region through surface self‐assembly protonation based on the robust double‐perovskite PrBaCo1.92Zr0.08O5+δ, is proposed. In situ exsolution of BaZrO3‐based nanoparticles growing from the host oxide under oxidizing atmosphere by liberating Ba/Zr cations from A/B‐sites readily forms proton transfer channels. The surface reconstructing heterostructures improve the structural stability, reduce the thermal expansion, and accelerate the oxygen reduction catalytic activity of such nanocomposite cathodes. This design route significantly boosts electrochemical performance with maximum peak power densities of 1453 and 992 mW cm−2 at 700 and 650 °C, respectively, 86% higher than the parent PrBaCo2O5+δ cathode, accompanied by a much improved operational durability of 140 h at 600 °C.
Modulation of IrO6 Chemical Environment for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution in Acid
Authors: Zhao Wenli , Xu Fenghua , Wang Zhaoyang , Pan Zhipeng , Ye Yiming , Hu Shilin , Weng Baicheng , Zhu Rilong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits the commercialization of oxygen electrochemistry, which plays a key role in renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and electrolyzers. Herein, a facile and practical strategy is developed to successfully incorporate Ir single atoms into the lattice of transition metal oxides (TMOs). The chemical environment of Ir and its neighboring lattice oxygen is modulated, and the lattice oxygen provides lone‐pair electrons and charge balance to stabilize Ir single atoms, resulting in the enhancement of both OER activity and durability. In particular, Ir0.08Co2.92O4 NWs exhibit an excellent mass activity of 1343.1 A g−1 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.04 s−1 at overpotentials of 300 mV. And this catalyst also displays significant stability in acid at 10 mA cm−2 over 100 h. Overall water splitting using Pt/C as the hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst and Ir0.08Co2.92O4 NWs as the OER catalyst takes only a cell voltage of 1.494 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 with a perfect stability. This work demonstrates a simple approach to produce highly active and acid‐stable transition metal oxides electrocatalysts with trace Ir.
Bisphenol A (BPA) induces apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells via oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Meijuan , Ma Bingchun , Yang Si , Wang Jinglei , Chen Jiaxiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs one of the most frequently produced synthetic compounds worldwide, bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used in many kinds of products such as appliances, housewares, and beverage cans. BPA has been shown to cause damage to male reproductive system; however, the potential mechanism remains to be investigated. In the present study, BPA exposure decreased the testis and epididymis coefficient, caused a disintegration of germinal epithelium, decreased the density and motility of sperm in the epididymis tissue, and increased the number of abnormal sperm morphology, which indicated that BPA exposure could cause damage to testis. BPA was also shown to induce apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testis tissue. The serum testosterone concentration was decreased in the BPA‐treated group, suggesting that BPA could lead to Leydig cell damage. Subsequently, mouse TM3 cell, a kind of mouse Leydig cell line, was utilized to investigate the potential mechanism. Herein, we showed that BPA exposure could inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis of TM3 cells. Furthermore, oxidative stress in the cells could also be induced by BPA, while the inhibition of oxidative stress by N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress scavenger, could reverse the inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis by BPA exposure, indicating that oxidative stress was involved in BPA‐induced apoptosis of TM3 cells. Finally, RNA‐sequencing and real‐time PCR were utilized to screen and validate the potential oxidative stress‐related genes involving in BPA‐induced apoptosis. We found that BPA exposure increased the mRNA levels of oxidative stress‐related genes such as Lonp1, Klf4, Rack1, Egln1, Txn2, Msrb1, Atox1, Mtr, and Atp2a2, as well as decreased the mRNA level of Dhfr gene; while NAC could rescue the expression of these genes. Taken together, oxidative stress was involved in BPA‐induced apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells.
Acute psychological stress increases paracellular permeability and modulates immune activity in rectal mucosa of healthy volunteers
Authors: Gerdin Linda , González‐Castro Ana M. , Ericson Ann‐Charlott , Persborn Mats , Santos Javier , Walter Susanna A. , Keita Åsa V. , Vicario Maria , Söderholm Johan D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychological stress and increased permeability are implicated as contributing factors in the initiation and worsening of gastrointestinal diseases. A link between stress and intestinal permeability has been shown in animal models as well as in human small intestine, but stress effects on the human colorectal mucosal barrier has not been reported.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential effects of acute psychological stress on colorectal mucosal barrier function and to explore stress‐induced molecular events in the rectal mucosa under healthy conditions.MethodsEndoscopic biopsies were taken from the rectosigmoid region of healthy volunteers, who had been subjected to dichotomous listening stress and after a control session, respectively. Paracellular and transcellular permeability were assessed in modified Ussing chambers. RNA expression (microarray technology confirmed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction) and biological pathway analysis were used to investigate the local mucosal response to acute stress.ResultsDichotomous listening stress induced a subjective and objective stress response, and significantly increased paracellular but not transcellular permeability. We also identified a stress‐induced reduction in RNA expression of genes related to immune cell activation and maturation (CR2, CD20, TCLA1, BANK1, CD22, FDCSP), signaling molecules of homing of immune cells to the gut (chemokines: CCL21, CXCL13, and CCL19, and receptors: CCR7, CXCR5), and innate immunity (DUOX2). Eight of the 10 top down‐regulated genes are directly involved in B cell activation, signaling and migration. The systemic stress response correlated positively with paracellular permeability and negatively with DUOX2 expression.ConclusionDichotomous listening stress increases paracellular permeability and modulates immune cell activity in the rectal mucosa. Further studies are warranted to identify the primary mechanisms of stress‐mediated reduction of mucosal defensive activity and barrier dysfunction, and their potential implications for gastrointestinal disorders.
Recent progress on PEDOT‐based wearable bioelectronics
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Su Zhen , Zhang Xianchao , Wang Wentao , Li Zaifang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBioelectronics, which can perform monitoring and biological signal collection of strain, pressure, and temperature at the same time, have attracted more and more attentions. To meet the unique requirements of wearable characteristics, the bioelectronic device with excellent flexibility is desired. At present, the biggest challenge for the flexible device is the candidate of electrode materials. The classical conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has showed a promising potential in the field of wearable bioelectronic devices due to its high conductivity, excellent flexibility, aqueous processability, and good biocompatibility. Here, we reviewed the recent progress of PEDOT‐based wearable bioelectronic sensors and focus on the role of different PEDOT‐based flexible materials in addressing the mechanical strain, pressure, and temperature requirements. The impact of contemporary bioelectronic research will be highlighted.
Bayes Factor for Model Choice
Authors: Bozza Silvia , Taroni Franco , Biedermann Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses the problem of discrimination between competing propositions regarding selected features of a population of interest, also commonly known as “hypothesis testing”. Examples include counting processes when propositions refer to the proportion of items in a given population that show features of forensic interest (e.g., items with illegal content). Another typical example is the discrimination between competing propositions regarding the concentration of a controlled substance, such as drugs in blood, exceeding a given threshold. This chapter develops and explains the use of the Bayes factor for one-sided hypothesis testing involving model parameters in the form of a proportion and a mean. In both situations, additional factors (e.g., errors) are considered as well as aspects of decision making.
Bayes Factor for Investigative Purposes
Authors: Bozza Silvia , Taroni Franco , Biedermann Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter develops and discusses Bayes factors for investigative purposes, i.e. situations in which no potential source is available for comparison purposes. A typical example for this is the problem of classifying items or individuals into one of several classes or populations on the basis of available data (e.g., measurements of one or more attributes). More specifically, material of interest is analyzed (e.g., the quantity of cocaine present on banknotes) and results are evaluated in terms of their effect on the odds in favor of a proposition according to which the recovered material originates from a given population (e.g., banknotes in general circulation), compared to an alternative proposition according to which the recovered items originate from another population (e.g., banknotes related to drug trafficking). The problem of discrimination between populations is addressed for various types of discrete and continuous data, respectively, including an extension to continuous multivariate data. The examples developed in this chapter involve classification for two or more populations. The assessment of model performance is addressed as well.
Jokes That Illustrate Unethical Business Behaviour
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores a new jokes-based illustration method targeting ethical transgressions in the business context. The method question is how well public business jokes published on the Internet can illustrate common ethical business transgressions. The result is that ten common unethical business practices mentioned in interviews with over 100 consultants, can all be illustrated with public business jokes. That shows that jokes are a good source for illustrating common unethical business behaviour. As jokes activate normative standards, they also point at what the ethical issue is. This gives them illustrative value for answering both descriptive and evaluative research questions. Still, the jokes-based illustration method has its limitations. First, it takes time for jokes to be published on the Internet and to get shared. Second, jokes can only be experienced as funny when they illustrate mild norm violation. When behaviour gets very unethical our emotional response turns into anger, and fun gets lost. Third, ethical transgressions need to be somewhat common and recognizable to be good joking material. Fourth, not everyone “gets” a joke. That means, the audience needs to be sufficiently able to interpret well. Finally, for illustration purpose, a topical match between the joke and the ethical issue is important, which puts high demands on searching and selection.
Critical Jokes and Moral Reflection in Interviews
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces a new jokes-based interview method that uses jokes to reflect on experiences with pressuring leadership in the context of consulting. It finds that the new interview method triggers junior consultants’ memories of experiences with pressuring managers, and managers’ memories on how their juniors deal with overly high leadership demands in consultancies. Some jokes introduce the topic better than others, which makes the selection of jokes an important part of the method. Especially cartoons invite open conversation on ethical transgressions. When doing jokes-based interviews, follow-up questioning is important. The interviewee also needs to get room to freely interpret, associate and elaborate. The method is very well able to create rapport, as the jokes not only introduce the topic, but also serve as an icebreaker. The jokes-based interview method helps to overcome social desirability bias by introducing the topic of a specific moral transgression in a humorous way.
Jokes-Based Survey Questions on Expert Virtues
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces a new jokes-based survey method that uses rating questions to assess statements expressed in cartoons, next to the rating of traditional statements on the same topic. This mixed-method approach studying flawed consultant expertise and its ethical repercussions finds consistent results for the two methods when comparing stakeholder opinions of five different groups: clients, client employees, consultants, academics studying consultants and outsiders. Clients and consultants are most positive about consultant expertise, client employees are most negative while academics and outsiders hold the middle ground. Advantages of the method are motivational (good response and completion rates) and greater clarity of statements due to the use of visuals. Cartoon-based questions in this mixed-method approach also increase validity by adding a new type of control questions. Limitations of the method are that the statements to be rated are dependent on available cartoon content. Rating questions linked to cartoons are also limited to critical statements.
Content Analysis of Critical Business Jokes
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces a new jokes-based method of content analysis applied to a larger sample of critical business jokes. Analysing jokes puts higher demands on interpretation than usual for content analysis. The analysis of jokes on the topic of uncertainties in the consultant–client relation indicates that both clients and consultants are active players, with their own tactics to create, use and reduce uncertainty. These results are in line with earlier studies on consultants and uncertainty, but add nuance and detail to earlier findings by illustrating new consultant and client tactics. Benefits of content analysis of a sample of jokes are the rich insights they provide together. The jokes tell about what we can call the grey zone of ethical transgression: common problematic and mostly concealed practices that most insiders are somewhat ashamed of. Limitations of jokes-based content analysis relate to the type of data used, which can be considered biased much like metaphors. There is representation bias related to irony, exaggeration, distortion, stereotyping, exclusion, abstraction and fictional elements. There is also bias related to what topics are funny or not (humour bias). These limitations can all be mitigated by careful interpretation and data triangulation.
Engineering Compact Data Structures for Rank and Select Queries on Bit Vectors
Authors: Kurpicz Florian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBit vectors are fundamental building blocks of succinct data structures used in compressed text indices, e.g., in the form of the wavelet trees. Here, two types of queries are of interest: rank and select queries. In practice, the smallest (uncompressed) rank and select data structure cs-poppy has a space overhead of $$\approx $$
≈
3.51 % [Zhou et al. SEA 2013] [26]. Using the same overhead, we present a data structure that can answer queries up to 8 % (rank) and 16.5 % (select) faster compared with cs-poppy.
Herausforderung und Grenzen bei der Gestaltung von Datenverträgen
Authors: Straub Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDigitale Ökosysteme leben vom Austausch und der übergreifenden Nutzung von Daten. Dem wirtschaftlichen Nutzen von digitalen Innovationen stehen häufig Sorgen vor Kontrollverlust und missbräuchlicher Verwendung von Daten gegenüber. Abhilfe schaffen technische Lösungsansätze, die den souveränen Umgang mit Daten sicherstellen und Vertrauen zwischen den Akteuren schaffen sollen. Im engen Zusammenhang hierzu steht die Frage, wem Daten rechtlich zuzuordnen sind und wer sie nutzen darf. Die bestehende Rechtsordnung gibt hierauf nur punktuell Antworten. Die Überlassung von Daten erfolgt derzeit vor allem auf Grundlage von Verträgen. Dabei gilt weitgehend das Prinzip der Vertragsfreiheit. Dies ermöglicht eine interessengerechte Ausgestaltung der Vertragsbeziehung, stellt die Vertragsparteien aber gleichzeitig vor Herausforderungen. Die lückenlose und zugleich rechtssichere Gestaltung von Datenverträgen erweist sich mitunter als schwierig. Der folgende Beitrag befasst sich mit Herausforderungen und Grenzen bei der Gestaltung von Datenverträgen.
Unternehmensdaten – Informationen aus gewachsenen, komplexen Systemen herausarbeiten
Authors: Schlunder Philipp , Temme Fabian 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungViele Datenanalyse-Projekte gehen nicht über die Phase des Prototypings hinaus. Im vorliegenden Kapitel werden Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze für die Arbeit mit Daten im Unternehmenskontext betrachtet, die bereits frühzeitig eine spätere Inbetriebnahme begünstigen sollen. Besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Umgang mit unterschiedlichen, fehlerbehafteten Datenquellen sowie der organisatorischen Ebene.Zu Beginn wird die Planung eines ersten Projekttreffens thematisiert. Dazu gehört, welche Akteure sich zu welchen Fragen austauschen sollten. Anschließend werden verschiedenste Datentypen und typische Probleme mit verbreiteten Datenquellen besprochen. Mit dem Werkzeug der „Live Working Sessions“ wird danach ein schlichtes Konzept vorgestellt, mit dem die gemeinsame Arbeit der Projektpartner so gestaltet werden kann, dass möglichst früh eine durchgängige, praktikable Datenpipeline entsteht. Es wird beschrieben, wie die direkte Umsetzung einer solchen dazu beiträgt, potenzielle Probleme in der IT-Infrastruktur bereits während des Prototypings anzugehen, um erste Tests zur Einbindung der Analyse-Ergebnisse in die Unternehmensstruktur realisieren zu können.
Nationale und internationale Standardisierung und Zertifizierung von Datendiensten
Authors: Mangelsdorf Axel , Demirci Stefanie , Besold Tarek 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Akteure der Datenwirtschaft müssen sich mit dem Thema der Normung, Standardisierung, Zertifizierung und Regulierung beschäftigen, da nicht nur der Regulierungsentwurf der Europäischen Union für KI-Anwendungen Konformitätsbewertungsverfahren vorsieht, sondern auch, weil immer mehr freiwillige Zertifizierungsprogramme am Markt entstehen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zu Normen und Standards sowie freiwilligen oder gesetzlich verpflichtenden Zertifizierungen in der Datenwirtschaft und zeigt, welche Kosten und Nutzen daraus für die Akteure der Datenwirtschaft entstehen können. Ein Beispiel aus dem Gesundheitsbereich zeigt, wie innovative Unternehmen mit regulatorischen Vorgaben umgehen und Entscheidungen zu produktbezogener Zweckbestimmung und Risikoeinschätzung bereits in der Entwicklungsphase getroffen werden müssen. Den Akteuren der Datenwirtschaft wird auf Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse empfohlen, die Vorteile der Mitarbeit an Normen und Standards (Wissensvorsprung, Verwertungsmöglichkeiten, Networking) mit den Kosten für die Teilnahme abzuwägen. Zertifizierungsprogramme können zu mehr Akzeptanz und Vertrauen am Markt führen, ersetzen jedoch nicht unbedingt die Entwicklung unternehmenseigener Anforderungen an Datenqualität und -sicherheit.