bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of external tissue expansion technique in the treatment of soft tissue defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complication rates
Authors: Tong Xirui , Lu Jianyu , Zhang Wei , Wang Siqiao , Huang Runzhi , Zhang Xianliang , Huang Jie , Zhu Yushu , Xiao Shichu , Ji Shizhao , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Currently, various external tissue expansion devices are becoming widely used. Considering the scarcity of relevant application standards, this systematic review was performed to explore the effectiveness and safety of external tissue expansion techniques for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects.

Method
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of external tissue expansion technique was conducted. A comprehensive search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library (Wiley Online Library), and Web of Science. Studies reporting patients with soft tissue defects under the treatment of external tissue expansion technique were included.

Results
A total of 66 studies with 22 different types of external tissue expansion devices met the inclusion criteria. We performed a descriptive analysis of different kinds of devices. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the external tissue expansion technique for different aetiologies. The pooled mean wound healing time among patients with defects after fasciotomy was 10.548 days [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.796–15.299]. The pooled median wound healing times of patients with defects after excisional surgery, trauma, chronic ulcers and abdominal defects were 11.218 days (95% CI = 6.183-16.253), 11.561 days (95% CI = 7.062-16.060), 15.956 days (95% CI = 11.916-19.996) and 12.853 days (95% CI=9.444-16.227), respectively. The pooled wound healing rates of patients with defects after fasciotomy, excisional surgery, trauma, chronic ulcers and abdominal defects were 93.8% (95% CI=87.1-98.2%), 97.2% (95%CI=92.2-99.7%), 97.0% (95%CI=91.2-99.8%), 99.5% (95%CI=97.6-100%), and 96.8% (95%CI=79.2-100%), respectively. We performed a subgroup analysis in patients with diabetic ulcers and open abdominal wounds. The pooled median wound healing time of patients with diabetic ulcers was 11.730 days (95% CI = 10.334-13.125). The pooled median wound healing time of patients with open abdomen defects was 48.810 days (95% CI = 35.557–62.063) and the pooled successful healing rate was 68.8% (95% CI = 45.9-88.1%). A total of 1686 patients were included, 265 (15.7%) of whom experienced complications. The most common complication was dehiscence (n = 53, 3.14%).

Conclusions
Our systematic review is the first to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of external tissue expansion in the management of soft tissue defects. However, we must interpret the meta-analysis results with caution considering the limitations of this review. Large-scale randomized controlled trials and long-term follow-up studies are still needed to confirm the effectiveness and evaluate the quality of healing.
Clinico-pathological correlations and outcomes of de novo glomerular diseases in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yap Desmond Y H , Lie Davina , Lau Tiffany , Tang Alex , Chan Gavin , Chan Thomas S Y , Sim Joycelyn , Lie Albert K W , Chan Tak Mao 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Various glomerular pathologies have been reported in patients who have undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but the data on clinico-pathological correlations and clinical outcome remain limited.

Methods
We analysed the clinical and histopathological data of patients who had biopsy-proven de novo glomerular diseases after HSCT since 1999.

Results
A total of 2204 patients underwent HSCT during the period 1999–2021, and 31 patients (1.4%) developed de novo glomerular diseases after a mean duration of 2.8 ± 2.7 years after HSCT. Fifteen of these patients (48.4%) had graft-versus-host-disease prior to or concomitant with renal abnormalities. Proteinuria and eGFR at the time of kidney biopsy were 4.1 ± 5.3 g/day and 50.8 ± 25.4 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Kidney histopathologic diagnoses included thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) (38.7%), membranous nephropathy (MN) (25.8%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (12.9%), minimal change disease (9.7%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.7%) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (3.2%). Immunosuppressive treatment was given to patients who presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria and/or acute kidney injury, while renin–angiotensin–aldosterone blockade was given to all patients with proteinuria ≥1 g/day, with complete and partial response rates of 54.8% and 19.4%, respectively. One patient with TMA progressed to end-stage kidney disease after 24 weeks, and two patients, one with TMA and one with MN, (6.4%) progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage ≥3. Kidney and patient survival rates were 96.6% and 83.5%, respectively, at 5 years.

Conclusion
De novo glomerular diseases with diverse histopathologic manifestations affect 1.4% of patients after HSCT, and approximately 10% develop progressive CKD.
Rationale for the evaluation of renal functional reserve in allogeneic stem cell transplantation candidates: a pilot study
Authors: Mancianti Nicoletta , Guarnieri Andrea , Lenoci Mariapia , Toraldo Francesca , Salvo Domenica Paola , Belluardo Massimo , Iadanza Ernesto , Ferretti Fabio , Marotta Giuseppe , Garosi Guido 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The main purpose of our study was to evaluate the ability of renal functional reserve (RFR) to stratify the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence within 100 days of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to predict any functional recovery or the onset of chronic kidney disease. A secondary aim was to identify the clinical/laboratory risk factors for the occurrence of AKI.

Methods
The study design is prospective observational. We enrolled 48 patients with normal basal glomerular filtration rate (bGFR) who underwent allogenic HSCT. A multiparameter assessment and the Renal Functional Reserve Test (RFR-T) using an oral protein load stress test were performed 15 days before the HSCT.

Results
Different RFRs corresponded to the same bGFR values. Of 48 patients, 29 (60%) developed AKI. Comparing the AKI group with the group that did not develop AKI, no statistically significant difference emerged in any characteristic related to demographic, clinical or multiparameter assessment variables except for the estimated GFR (eGFR). eGFR ≤100 mL/min/1.73 m2 was significantly related to the risk of developing AKI (Fisher’s exact test, P = .001). Moreover, RFR-T was lower in AKI+ patients vs AKI– patients, but did not allow statistical significance (28% vs 40%). In AKI patients, RFR &gt;20% was associated with complete functional recovery (one-sided Fisher’s exact test, P = .041). The risk of failure to recover increases significantly when RFR ≤20% (odds ratio = 5.50, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–28.4).

Conclusion
RFR identifies subclinical functional deterioration conditions essential for post-AKI recovery. In our cohort of patients with no kidney disease (NKD), the degree of pre-HSCT eGFR is associated with AKI risk, and a reduction in pre-HSCT RFR above a threshold of 20% is related to complete renal functional recovery post-AKI. Identifying eGFR first and RFR second could help select patients who might benefit from changes in transplant management or early nephrological assessment.
Adenosine as adjunctive therapy in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Laborante Renzo , Bianchini Emiliano , Restivo Attilio , Ciliberti Giuseppe , Galli Mattia , Vergallo Rocco , Rodolico Daniele , Zito Andrea , Princi Giuseppe , Leone Antonio Maria , Aurigemma Cristina , Romagnoli Enrico , Montone Rocco Antonio , Burzotta Francesco , Trani Carlo , Crea Filippo , D'Amario Domenico 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Adenosine has been tested in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to minimize the incidence of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO). The aim of this study was to pool all the RCTs comparing intracoronary or intravenous adenosine versus placebo in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing myocardial revascularization.

Methods and results
PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were scanned for eligible studies up to 5th June 2022. A total of 26 RCTs with 5843 patients were included. Efficacy endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Atrioventricular blocks and ventricular fibrillation/sustained ventricular tachycardia (VF/SVT) were the safety endpoints. Myocardial blush grade, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), infarct size, and ST-segment resolution were also assessed. Adenosine administration was not associated with any clinical benefit in terms of MACE, all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, adenosine was associated with an increased rate of advanced atrioventricular blocks and of VF/SVT in studies with total mean ischaemic time &gt;3 h, compared to placebo. Remarkably, among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, adenosine was associated with reduced myocardial blush grade 0–1 and TIMI flow grade 0–2, compared to placebo. Furthermore, adenosine did not show favourable effects on LVEF and infarct size.

Conclusion
Adenosine infusion, as adjunctive therapy in ACS, was associated with an increased risk of advanced atrioventricular blocks and increased rates of adenosine-triggered ventricular arrhythmias in patients with long ischaemic time, without providing any clinical benefit compared to placebo.
Inputs don't equal outputs: bacterial microbiomes of the ingesta, gut, and feces of the keystone deposit feeder Ilyanassa obsoleta
Authors: Plante Craig J , Hill-Spanik Kristina M , Emerson Rowan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bacteria drive energy fluxes and geochemical processes in estuarine sediments. Deposit-feeding invertebrates alter the structure and activity of microbial communities through sediment ingestion, gut passage, and defecation. The eastern mud snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta, is native to estuaries of the northwestern Atlantic, ranging from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Florida in the USA. Given extremely high densities, their deposit-feeding and locomotory activities exert ecological influence on other invertebrates and microbes. Our aim was to characterize the bacterial microbiome of this ‘keystone species’ and determine how its feeding alters the native bacterial microbiota. We gathered snails from both mudflat and sandflat habitats and collected their fresh fecal pellets in the laboratory. Dissection of these same snails allowed us to compare bacterial assemblages of ingested sediments, shell surfaces, gut sections (esophagus, stomach, intestine), and feces using DNA metabarcoding. Our findings indicate a diverse, resident gut microbiota. The stomach and intestines were dominated by bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma. Comparison of ingesta and feces revealed digestion of several bacterial taxa, introduction of gut residents during passage, in addition to unique bacterial taxa within the feces of unknown provenance. Our results demonstrate that I. obsoleta has the potential to modify microbial community structure in estuarine sediments.
Stand-Density Effects on Aboveground Carbon Dynamics in SecondaryPinusandQuercusForests of Central USA
Authors: Anderson Samantha , Knapp Benjamin O , Kabrick John M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTemperate forests play an important role in the sequestration and storage of carbon. We evaluated the long-term effects of manipulating stand density on aboveground live tree carbon dynamics and volume production for separate pine (Pinus spp.) and oak (Quercus spp.) forests of central USA. For both species groups, stand-level carbon storage in standing live trees was greatest without management, with unthinned pine plateauing around 100 Mg/ha of carbon at approximately 50 years old and the oak stands increasing to around 100 Mg/ha of carbon by about 80 years old. In the pine stands, stand-level carbon sequestration was greatest in stands that were thinned but maintained fully stocked conditions. Consequently, the gross carbon that accumulated during the study period, which included standing carbon in live trees and carbon from trees that were harvested or otherwise died, was maximized when stand stocking was maintained at an average of around 80% stocking during the study period. These results were compatible with the production of sawtimber volume, which was greatest for stands that were maintained in fully stocked but not overstocked conditions. Our results demonstrate that thinning can be a forest management strategy to achieve multiple objectives, including those for carbon management and sawtimber production.Study Implications: Our results support stand-density management (i.e., thinning) as a forestry practice compatible with carbon objectives and more traditional objectives of timber production. Aboveground carbon stored in live trees was greatest without thinning, but gross production and sequestration rates were greatest when stand density was maintained in fully stocked but not overstocked conditions. Active forest management during stand development can provide managers with the flexibility to address multiple objectives and may be used with other carbon management practices such as extended rotations or continuous canopy cover, particularly in the central and northeastern United States where forests are generally aging uniformly throughout the region.
The Association of Peripheral and Central Olfaction With Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Nagururu Nimesh V , Bernstein Isaac A , Voegtline Kristin , Olson Sarah , Agrawal Yuri , Rowan Nicholas R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Olfactory impairment is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of frailty, but the relationship between olfactory subdomains that describe peripheral or central dysfunction and frailty remains unexplored.

Methods
We examined 1 160 older adults from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project Wave 3. Olfactory identification (OI): the ability to identify an odorant; and olfactory sensitivity (OS): the ability to detect the presence of an odorant, were assessed using 5- and 6-point measures, respectively. Frailty was operationalized as both a 37-item frailty index (FI) and the 5-item Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP). Mixed models were fit to examine the association between OI, OS, FI, and PFP, while adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.

Results
Participants in the most-frail PFP category had lower OI and OS scores (OI: 3.88 vs 4.19, p = .016; OS: 3.15 vs 3.47, p = .031), whereas participants in the most-frail FI category exhibited lower OI scores but not OS scores when compared to nonfrail participants (OI: 3.72 vs 4.27, p = .014; OS: 3.19 vs 3.43, p = .476). Adjusted mixed models showed that a point increase in OI was associated with a lower PFP score (β = −0.107, p = .006) and FI score (β = −0.009, p = .010). A point increase in OS was associated with a lower PFP score (β = −0.058, p = .016) but not FI score (β = −0.004, p = .064).

Conclusion
Both OS and OI, predominantly peripheral and central measures of olfaction, respectively, are associated with frailty implicating olfaction as a potential biomarker and risk factor for frailty.
Detecting the January 15, 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcanic eruption (SW Pacific) high up in the sky through “ionospheric resonance”
Authors: Kundu Bhaskar , Senapati Batakrushna , Bürgmann Roland , Ray Sayak 
Published: December 2022

Summary
We report a mode of ionospheric resonance induced by the January 15, 2022, Hunga Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcanic eruption, captured globally through ground-based GNSS networks. In the near-field region, we observe a strong ionospheric disturbance in the total electron content, including contributions from acoustic waves and gravity waves. In contrast, propagation of gravity waves, seismic airwaves diffracted by topographic barriers, and/or atmospheric Lamb waves can be documented for far-field ionospheric disturbances. Specifically, the atmospheric wave propagation towards the Hawaii Islands involved three distinct modes of ionospheric perturbation through Rayleigh wave, gravity waves and atmospheric Lamb waves. Further, we also noticed that the peak-to-peak amplitude of the disturbance reached ∼ 8.7 per cent of the background electrons, which is significantly higher than the recent volcanic explosions in the Japanese Islands and the 2020 chemical explosion in Beirut. The ionospheric total electron content perturbations can provide important information about the volcanic source, hence they could be useful as a measure of eruption intensity and for real-time hazard monitoring.
Higher Rank Brill–Noether Theory on ℙ2
Authors: Gould Ben , Liu Yeqin , Lee Woohyung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Let $M_{{\mathbb {P}}^{2}}(\textbf {v})$ be a moduli space of semistable sheaves on ${\mathbb {P}}^{2}$, and let $B^{k}(\textbf {v}) \subseteq M_{{\mathbb {P}}^{2}}(\textbf {v})$ be the Brill–Noether locus of sheaves $E$ with $h^{0}({\mathbb {P}}^{2}, E) \geq k$. In this paper, we develop the foundational properties of Brill–Noether loci on ${\mathbb {P}}^{2}$. Set $r = r(E)$ to be the rank and $c_{1}, c_{2}$ the Chern classes. The Brill–Noether loci have natural determinantal scheme structures and expected dimensions $\dim B^{k}(\textbf {v}) = \dim M_{{\mathbb {P}}^{2}}(\textbf {v}) - k(k - \chi (E))$. When $c_{1}&gt; 0$, we show that the Brill–Noether locus $B^{r}(\textbf {v})$ is nonempty. When $c_{1} = 1$, we show all of the Brill–Noether loci are irreducible and of the expected dimension. We show that when $\mu = c_{1}/r&gt; 1/2$ is not an integer and $c_{2} \gg 0$, the Brill–Noether loci are reducible and describe distinct irreducible components of both expected and unexpected dimension.
Comparative Evaluation of Carboxyhemoglobin Quantification in Postmortem Whole Blood by CO-Oximetry and Headspace Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection and Atom Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Kristoffersen Lena , Vevelstad Merete , Hansen Inger-Ann , Strømsvåg Berit , Strand Dag Helge 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA comparative evaluation of two methods used for carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) determination in postmortem whole blood was performed: carbon monoxide (CO)-oximetry measuring at 128 wavelengths and headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC--FID) where CO was determined after catalytic reduction of CO to CH4 and Fe was determined by atom absorption spectrophotometry (AAS, 248.3 nm). An aliquot of 100 µL whole blood was loaded into the CO-oximetry module. In the HS-GC--FID analysis, to 1.0 mL of whole blood, 3.0 mL of saponin solution was added, mixed and centrifuged. To 20 mL HS vials, 400 µL of the supernatant was added and the vials were immediately sealed. One milliliter of potassium hexacyanoferrat (III) solution was added through the HS septum and mixed. The samples were incubated at 70°C for 5 min. CO was separated using He as carrier gas and a CP-Molsieve 5 Å PLOT capillary column. Fe was determined using 400 µL of the saponin supernatant diluted to 10 mL by water. During a period of ∼3 years, 124 postmortem whole blood samples were analyzed. Bland–Altman method comparison showed satisfactory agreement and no significant bias between the methods for the whole saturation range (5 to 85% COHb). Five samples, all with %COHb &gt;40, showed deviations of more than 10% COHb in absolute terms. One sample, in the lower COHb range &lt;10%, was false negative on the CO-oximetry method. The between-assay accuracy, reported as bias, at 60% COHb was −0.8% and −9.0%, and precision, reported as relative standard deviation, was 1.6% and 7.7%, for the CO-oximetry and HS-GC--FID-AAS methods, respectively. Both methods obtained satisfactory results in proficiency testing rounds, with z-scores &lt;±2 (n = 11). This study showed that the CO-oximetry method based on the 128-wavelength principle and the HS-GC--FID-AAS method are comparable and satisfactory for %COHb determination in postmortem whole blood.
RNAi machinery regulates nutrient metabolism and fluconazole resistance in the pathogenic fungusCryptococcus deneoformans
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Li Chenxi , Ma Lan , Zhao Xuan , Liu Yanjie , Hao Xiaoran , Zhang Ping , Zhu Xudong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe RNAi machinery has been extensively studied in plant and animal cells for their crucial roles in the regulation of genome function. However, the potential roles of RNAi in controlling fungal growth and development have been poorly studied, especially in the basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus deneoformans. To characterize the biological functions of RNAi in the pathogenic fungus, a comparative analysis of mRNA profiles using high-throughput sequencing technology was performed for the wild type and the RNAi mutants of C. deneoformans. The results revealed a clear difference in the expression of genes associated with metabolic processes in the RNAi mutants. Besides, the growth under nutrient-limited conditions was significantly reduced in the ago2Δ mutant, suggesting the essential roles of Ago2 in nutrient metabolism. Further investigations revealed the differentially expressed transporters in the RNAi mutants, in which transporters involved in fluconazole efflux were significantly up-regulated. More importantly, on account of the upregulated transporters, RNAi mutant strains developed resistance to fluconazole. By disrupting AFR1 gene using the ‘suicide’ CRISPR-Cas9 system, we verified that the upregulated ABC transporter Afr1 in the RNAi mutants contributed to the fluconazole resistance. In summary, our data demonstrate that in C. deneoformans the RNAi pathway participates in nutrient metabolism and plays a role in the repression of fluconazole resistance, which provides a deep insight into RNAi mechanisms in Cryptococcus and brings great hints for the clinical treatment of cryptococcosis.