bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR‐based point‐of‐care diagnostics incorporating Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 enzymes advanced for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection
Authors: Verma Monika K. , Roychowdhury Sanjana , Sahu Bidya Dhar , Mishra Awanish , Sethi Kalyan K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn outbreak of the novel beta coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) first came to light in December 2019, which has unfolded rapidly and turned out to be a global pandemic. Early prognosis of viral contamination involves speedy intervention, disorder control, and good‐sized management of the spread of disease. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, considered the gold standard test for detecting nucleic acids and pathogen diagnosis, provides high sensitivity and specificity. However, reliance on high‐priced equipped kits, associated reagents, and skilled personnel slow down sickness detection. Lately, the improvement of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)‐Cas (CRISPR‐associated protein)‐based diagnostic systems has reshaped molecular diagnosis due to their low cost, simplicity, speed, efficiency, high sensitivity, specificity, and versatility, which is vital for accomplishing point‐of‐care diagnostics. We reviewed and summarized CRISPR–Cas‐based point‐of‐care diagnostic strategies and research in these paintings while highlighting their characteristics and challenges for identifying SARS‐CoV‐2.
Hydration of divalent lanthanides, Sm2+ and Eu2+: A molecular dynamics study with polarizable AMOEBA force field
Authors: Arabzadeh Hesam , Liu Chengwen , Acevedo Orlando , Ren Pengyu , Yang Wei , Albrecht‐Schönzart Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe chemistry of divalent lanthanides, Ln2+, is a growing sub‐field of heavy element chemistry owing to new synthetic approaches. However, some theoretical aspects of these unusual cations are currently underdeveloped, especially as they relate to their dynamic properties in solution. In this work, we address the hydration of two of the classical Ln2+ cations, Sm2+ and Eu2+, using atomic multipole optimized energetic for biomolecular applications (AMOEBA) force fields. These cations have not been parameterized to date with AMOEBA, and few studies are available because of their instability with respect to oxidation in aqueous media. Coordination numbers (CN's) of 8.2 and 8.1 respectively for Sm2+ and Eu2+, and 8.8 for both Sm3+ and Eu3+ have been obtained and are in good agreement with the few available AIMD and X‐ray absorption fine structures studies. The decreased CN of Ln2+ compared with Ln3+ arises from progressive water exchange events that indicates the gradual stabilization of 8‐coordinate structures with respect to 9‐coordinate geometries. Moreover, the effects of the chloride counter anions on the coordination of Ln2+ cations have been studied at different chloride concentrations in this work. Lastly, water exchange times of Ln2+ cations have been calculated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of Eu2+ and Sm2+ in aqueous chloride media.
Childhood antibiotics as a risk factor for Crohn's disease: The ENIGMA International Cohort Study
Authors: Mak Joyce W Y , Yang Sun , Stanley Annalise , Lin Xiaoqing , Morrison Mark , Ching Jessica Y L , Niu Junkun , Wilson‐O'Brien Amy L , Feng Rui , Tang Whitney , Hamilton Amy L , Or Leo , Trakman Gina L , Lin Winnie Y Y , Sung Joseph J Y , Chen Ming Hu , Mao Yinglei , Kamm Michael A , Ng Siew C 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimEnvironmental factors play a key role in development of Crohn's disease (CD), thought to be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota. We aimed to delineate the potential contribution of antibiotic exposure to subsequent development of CD, across diverse geographical populations.MethodsThis case–control study in Australia and three cities in China (Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Kunming) included four groups: patients with CD, at‐risk individuals including non‐affected first‐degree relatives (FDRs) and household members of CD patients (HM), and unrelated healthy controls (HCs). Environmental risk factors, including childhood antibiotic use and 13 other categories, were assessed using a self‐developed questionnaire. Logistic regression and conditional logistic regression were used to determine environmental factors associated with CD development.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2019, a total of 254 patients with CD (mean age: 37.98 ± 13.76 years; 58.3% male), 73 FDR (mean age: 49.35 ± 13.28 years; 46.6% male), 122 HMs (including FDR) (mean age: 45.50 ± 13.25 years; 47.5% male), and 78 HC (mean age: 45.57 ± 11.24; 47.4% male) were included. Comparing CD patients with their FDR and HMs, antibiotic use before 18 years old was a risk factor for CD development (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–8.69; P = 0.008). There were no significant differences in other childhood environmental risk factors between CD and their FDR or HMs. Subgroup analysis showed that antibiotic use <18 years old was a risk factor for CD development in the Chinese (adjusted OR 4.80, 95% CI 1.62–12.24; P = 0.005) but not in Australian populations (OR 1.80, 95% CI 0.33–9.95; P = 0.498).ConclusionUse of antibiotics <18 years was a risk factor for CD development. Attention should be paid to identifying modifiable environmental risk factors in early childhood, especially in at‐risk families.
Brain–immune–gut benefits with early life supplementation of milk fat globule membrane
Authors: Mohamed Hamid Jan Jan , Lee Eric Kim Hor , Woo Kent Chee Keen , Sarvananthan Rajini , Lee Yeong Yeh , Mohd Hussin Zabidi Azhar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has been recognized as a milk component for more than 60 years, but its exact benefits remain unknown. Research on human MFGM has revealed that the membrane holds a host of bioactive components with potential benefits for the brain–immune–gut (BiG) axis in early life. Gangliosides and sphingomyelin, components within the MFGM, have been included in infant formulas for many years. Recent advancements in dairy milk processing have allowed the successful separation of MFGM from bovine milk, enabling it to be used for supplementing infant formulas. Evidence indicates the potential benefits of MFGM in early life supplementation, including better cognitive development, reduction of infection risks, and modulation of the gut microbiome. However, larger and more robust randomized trials are needed, in addition to long‐term outcome data beyond the infancy period.
BRAF-V600E utilizes posttranscriptional mechanisms to amplify LPS-induced TNFα production in dendritic cells in a mouse model of Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Minichino Danielle , Lv Kaosheng , Chu Niansheng , Tong Wei , Behrens Edward M 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal dendritic cells (DCs) with hyperactive ERK signaling, called “LCH cells.” Since DCs rely on ERK signaling to produce inflammatory molecules in response to pathogenic cues, we hypothesized that hyperactive ERK enhances DCs inflammatory responses. We specifically investigated TLR4-induced TNFα production in LCH cells by utilizing the BRAF-V600Efl/+:CD11c-Cre mouse model of LCH, which hyperactivates ERK in DCs. We measured LPS-induced TNFα production both in vivo and in vitro using splenic CD11c+ cells and bone marrow-derived DCs with or without pharmacologic BRAFV600E inhibition. We observed a reversible increase in secreted TNFα and a partially reversible increase in TNFα protein per cell, despite a decrease in TLR4 signaling and Tnfa transcripts compared with controls. We examined ERK-driven, posttranscriptional mechanisms that contribute to TNFα production and secretion using biochemical and cellular assays. We identified a reversible increase in TACE activation, the enzyme required for TNFα secretion, and most strikingly, an increase in protein translation, including TNFα. Defining the translatome through polysome-bound RNA sequencing revealed up-regulated translation of the LPS-response program. These data suggest hyperactive ERK signaling utilizes multiple posttranscriptional mechanisms to amplify inflammatory responses in DCs, advancing our understanding of LCH and basic DC biology.
Automatic Detection of Meniscus Tears Using Backbone Convolutional Neural Networks on Knee MRI
Authors: Hung Truong Nguyen Khanh , Vy Vu Pham Thao , Tri Nguyen Minh , Hoang Le Ngoc , Tuan Le Van , Ho Quang Thai , Le Nguyen Quoc Khanh , Kang Jiunn‐Horng 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundTimely diagnosis of meniscus injuries is key for preventing knee joint dysfunction and improving patient outcomes because it decreases morbidity and facilitates treatment planning.PurposeTo train and evaluate a deep learning model for automated detection of meniscus tears on knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Study typeBicentric retrospective study.SubjectsIn total, 584 knee MRI studies, divided among training (n = 234), testing (n = 200), and external validation (n = 150) data sets, were used in this study. The public data set MRNet was used as a second external validation data set to evaluate the performance of the model.SequenceA 3 T, coronal, and sagittal images from T1‐weighted proton density (PD) fast spin‐echo (FSE) with fat saturation and T2‐weighted FSE with fat saturation sequences.AssessmentThe detection system for meniscus tear was based on the improved YOLOv4 model with Darknet‐53 as the backbone. The performance of the model was also compared with that of three radiologists of varying levels of experience. The determination of the presence of a meniscus tear from surgery reports was used as the ground truth for the images.Statistical TestsSensitivity, specificity, prevalence, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of the detection model. Two‐way analysis of variance, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and Tukey's multiple tests were used to evaluate differences in performance between the model and radiologists.ResultsThe overall accuracies for detecting meniscus tears using our model on the internal testing, internal validation, and external validation data sets were 95.4%, 95.8%, and 78.8%, respectively. One radiologist had significantly lower performance than our model in detecting meniscal tears (accuracy: 0.9025 ± 0.093 vs. 0.9580 ± 0.025).Data ConclusionThe proposed model had high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting meniscus tears on knee MRIs.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
The changing pattern of common respiratory and enteric viruses among outpatient children in Shanghai, China: Two years of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Xu Menghua , Lu Lijuan , Ma Ao , Cao Lingfeng , Su Liyun , Dong Niuniu , Jia Ran , Zhu Xunhua , Xu Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) taken to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have not only decreased the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 but also have had an impact on the prevalence of other common viruses. This study aimed to investigate the long‐term impact of NPIs on common respiratory and enteric viruses among children in Shanghai, China, as NPIs were relaxed after June 2020. The laboratory results and clinical data of outpatient children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) were analyzed and compared between the post‐COVID‐19 period (from June 2020 to January 2022) and pre‐COVID‐19 period (from June 2018 to January 2020). A total of 107 453 patients were enrolled from June 2018 to January 2022, including 43 190 patients with ARTI and 64 263 patients with AGE. The positive rates of most viruses decreased during the post‐COVID‐19 period, with the greatest decrease for influenza A (−0.94%), followed by adenoviruses (AdV) (−61.54%), rotaviruses (−48.17%), and influenza B (−40%). However, the positive rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and enteric AdV increased during the post‐COVID‐19 period as the NPIs were relaxed. Besides this, in the summer of 2021, an unexpected out‐of‐season resurgence of RSV activity was observed, and the resurgence was more prominent among children older than 5 years. The effectiveness of the current relaxed NPIs in control of common respiratory and enteric viruses was variable. Relaxation of NPIs might lead to the resurgence of common viruses.
Poliovirus nonpermissive CD155 knockout cells derived from RD cell line for handling poliovirus potentially infectious materials in virology laboratories
Authors: Nandi Shyam S. , Sawant Sonali , Gohil Trupti , Lambe Upendra , Sangal Lucky , Patel Disha , Krishnasamy Kaveri , Ghoshal Ujjala , Harvey Pauline , Deshpande Jagadish 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDestruction of all poliovirus containing materials, safe and secure handling of retained polioviruses for vaccine production, and research will be obligatory to eliminate facility‐associated risks. Polioviruses and poliovirus potentially infectious materials (PIM) including fecal or respiratory samples requiring containment have been defined in World Health Organization‐Global Action Plan (GAP III) documents. Non‐polio laboratories culturing viruses from PIM are most affected as cell cultures of human and monkey origin are also poliovirus permissive. CRISPR gene‐editing technology was used to knockout the poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) gene in the rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line. PVR knockout RD cell susceptibility was tested using known non‐polio enterovirus (NPEV) types. A selected clone (RD‐SJ40) was field evaluated for virus isolation from 626 stool samples of acute flaccid paralysis cases. Poliovirus nonpermissive cells derived from the RD cell line did not show CD155‐specific cell‐surface immunofluorescence. CD155 gene sequencing confirmed nucleotide base pair deletions within exon2 and exon3. The CD155 knockout RD‐SJ40 cells did not support the growth of poliovirus from positive stool samples. All NPEV types were isolated in RD and RD‐SJ40 cells. CRISPR correctly edited the CD155 gene of RD cells to render them poliovirus nonpermissive while susceptibility to NPEV remained unchanged. RD‐SJ40 cells are safe for NPEV isolation from poliovirus PIM without derogating GAP III containment requirements.
Performance of nasopharyngeal swab and saliva in detecting Delta and Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Uršič Tina , Kogoj Rok , Šikonja Jaka , Roškarič Damijana , Jevšnik Virant Monika , Bogovič Petra , Petrovec Miroslav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA prospective cohort study was conducted during the Delta and Omicron severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) epidemic waves from paired nasopharyngeal swab (NPS or NP swab) and saliva samples taken from 624 participants. The study aimed to assess if any differences among participants from both waves could be observed and if any difference in molecular diagnostic performance could be observed among the two sample types. Samples were transported immediately to the laboratory to ensure the highest possible sample quality without any freezing and thawing steps before processing. Nucleic acids from saliva and NPS were prospectively extracted and SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected using a real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. All observed results were statistically analyzed. Although the results obtained with NP and saliva agreed overall, higher viral loads were observed in NP swabs regardless of the day of specimen collection in both SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemic waves. No significant difference could be observed between the two epidemic waves characterized by Delta or Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2. To note, Delta infection resulted in higher viral loads both in NP and saliva and more symptoms, including rhinorrhea, cough, and dyspnea, whereas Omicron wave patients more frequently reported sore throat. An increase in the mean log RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 was observed with the number of expressed symptoms in both waves, however, the difference was not significant. Data confirmed that results from saliva were concordant with those from NP swabs, although saliva proved to be a challenging sample with frequent inhibitions that required substantial retesting.
Novel insights into the role of circular RNAs in Parkinson disease: An emerging renaissance in the management of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Dorostgou Zahra , Yadegar Negar , Dorostgou Zeynab , Khorvash Fariborz , Vakili Omid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD), as a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, particularly affects the elderly population, and is clinically identified by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Pathophysiologically, PD is characterized by an early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by the extensive aggregation of alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. The onset of PD has been reported to be influenced by multiple biological molecules. In this context, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as tissue‐specific noncoding RNAs with closed structures, have been recently demonstrated to involve in a set of PD's pathogenic processes. These RNA molecules can either up‐ or downregulate the expression of α‐Syn, as well as moderating its accumulation through different regulatory mechanisms, in which targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered the most common pathway. Since circRNAs have prominent structural and biological characteristics, they could also be considered as promising candidates for PD diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, PD has become a global health concern, and a large number of its pathogenic processes are still unclear; thus, it is crucial to elucidate the ambiguous aspects of PD pathophysiology to improve the efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In line with this fact, the current review aims to highlight the interplay between circRNAs and PD pathogenesis, and then discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in PD progression. This study will thus be the first of its kind reviewing the relationship between circRNAs and PD.
Portable shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy for on‐site soil analysis
Authors: Maiwald Martin , Sowoidnich Kay , Sumpf Bernd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn‐site soil analysis in the framework of precision agriculture is gaining significant importance to achieve improved crop productivity, increased soil health and reduced fertilizer application. In situ sensing techniques can provide the information required for decision support systems immediately on the field, for example, to control fertilization and liming. Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) pilot investigations for on‐site soil analysis are presented using a portable SERDS sensor system specifically developed for in‐field studies. The SERDS sensor includes a dual‐wavelength diode laser at 785 nm integrated in an in‐house realized turnkey laser system and an optical power of 36 mW at the sample was chosen for our experiments. Outdoor pre‐investigations with the device and polystyrene as test sample show the capability of SERDS for qualitative and quantitative analysis under changing daylight conditions. On‐site soil analysis is carried out and SERDS extracts Raman signals from disturbing background interference with a 15‐fold improvement of the signal‐to‐background‐noise ratio. Beside others, closely neighboured Raman signals of calcite and dolomite are identified and even mixtures of both soil carbonates are discriminated using SERDS. The number of accumulations for generating an averaged SERDS spectrum of soil with a sufficient signal stability and signal‐to‐background‐noise ratio is evaluated to optimize the overall exposure time for such in situ experiments. The presented results demonstrate the large capability of the developed portable SERDS sensor system for on‐site soil investigations as promising tool for precision agriculture.
Forecasting tourism demand cycles: A Markov switching approach
Authors: Botha Ilsé , Saayman Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForecasting tourism demand taking cyclical patterns into account has gained popularity. The focus has traditionally been on univariate time‐series models, which does not consider the influence of varying elasticities in upswings and downswings. This article aims to fill this void by forecasting tourism demand to five destinations, using a Markov‐switching approach. Rolling forecasts using two variants of the Markov‐Switching model are compared to traditional models, including autoregressive distributed lag, autoregressive integrated moving average and naïve forecasts. The findings show that accounting for asymmetric behaviour in the tourism cycle itself or in price and income elasticities improves forecasts, especially for long‐haul destinations.
Tribological performance of aUHMWPE‐based multiscale composite under different lubrication and loads
Authors: Vadivel Hari Shankar , Somberg Julian , Kalin Mitjan , Emami Nazanin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn UHMWPE‐based multiscale composite containing graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and short carbon fibres has shown excellent performance under distilled water lubrication. However, it is crucial to evaluate its tribological performance under conditions which more accurately represent the final application. In this study, the tribological performance of the developed UHMWPE‐based multiscale composite is evaluated and compared with neat UHMWPE under different lubricating conditions: no lubricant (dry), in seawater (SW) and in an environmentally acceptable lubricant (EAL). While neat UHMWPE displays a lower friction and wear in dry conditions, the multiscale composite performs better under SW and EAL lubrication. A maximum reduction in friction coefficient of 77% and specific wear rate of 88% are obtained in SW. Under EAL lubricated conditions, the multiscale composite has a maximum reduction in specific wear rate of up to 75%.
Corrosion protection of Zn–Al–Mg‐coated steel by a layered double hydroxide conversion layer
Authors: Holzner Tobias , Luckeneder Gerald , Strauß Bernhard , Valtiner Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConversion layers produced on an industrial scale are typically based on phosphates or chromates and involve toxicological and environmental problematic treatment solutions and waste. Concerning this matter, layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐based conversion layers prepared by the process described in our study offer a promising alternative where the treatment solution comes with no environmental or toxicological concerns. The corrosion protection of Zn–Al–Mg (ZM)‐coated steel by an in situ grown LDH conversion layer is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, linear polarization resistance determination, neutral salt spray test and mass loss test. An LDH layer formation time as short as 30 s considerably improves the corrosion resistance of ZM‐coated steel in electrochemical testing as well as in industrially relevant corrosion testing under chloride‐containing atmospheres. With prolonged LDH formation times, further improvement in corrosion protection is obtained. The significantly increased corrosion resistance of ZM‐coated steel after the industrially feasible treatment time of 30 s makes LDH‐based conversion layers a promising candidate for novel industrially viable conversion layers, with enhanced corrosion performance and environmentally benign as well as sustainable chemistry.