bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why and How Stories Matter in Treating Children with T1DM—Best Practice from CDiC
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Shukla Rishi , Chugh Shuchy , Dinakaran P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a lifelong disorder that mostly happens any time during childhood. It needs constant care and attention. Self-management becomes very essential as there are multiple factors that influence management of blood glucose levels and good outcomes. Diabetes education1 is essential for this and it involves the process of providing the person with the knowledge and skills needed to perform diabetes self-care, manage crises, and to make lifestyle changes to successfully manage their life. It begins with teaching of survival skills and continues with higher learning to fit diabetes into lives of people with diabetes rather than changing the lives to manage diabetes. Although parents are responsible for this initially, children must be part of this learning and journey as they are the one who must deal with diabetes in their life.Although knowledge transfer from scientific (truth and fact based) and narrative story (experience and meaning based) is fundamentally different but narrative or stories are better absorbed and retained. Storytelling and experience sharing are rapidly developing fields in medical education, but its potential has yet to be realized in medical education. The Changing Diabetes in Children program focused at reaching out to the economically underprivileged children with T1DM has implemented the use of stories to help the T1DM child learn to take insulin injections and understand the basic do’s and don’t’s for proper diabetes management and motivate them to become self-reliant and independent adults in long run.
Trend of Head and Neck Cancers in a National Tertiary Cancer Hospital of Nepal from 2012 to 2017
Authors: Shrestha Gambhir , Siwakoti Bhola , Mulmi Rashmi , Gautam Dejkumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are increasing in Nepal and have become a major public health issue. This study aims to describe the trend of HNCs in a national tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study with secondary data analysis conducted at B.P Koirala Memorial Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. The data were obtained from the medical record section and included all new HNC cases registered from 2012 to 2017. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Subgroup analysis was done according to age, gender, site, and year.
Results A total of 4,582 new HNCs were registered, of which 3,097 (67.6%) were males and 1,482 (32.4%) were females. Lip and oral cavity cancers (46.5%) were the most common HNCs followed by tonsil and pharynx (18.0%) and larynx (15.8%). The trend of HNCs shows a steady rise in incidence with difference according to the sites. HNCs were more common among males than females except for thyroid cancer. The most common age group was 60 to 74 years.
Conclusions The trend of HNCs is increasing in Nepal especially oral cancers. Awareness of risk factors, effective screening programs, and comprehensive treatment should be focused to decrease the burden of HNCs.
A Comparative Study of 50-Millesimal Potencies and Centesimal Potencies in the Treatment of Tinea Corporis: An Open, Randomised, Pilot Trial
Authors: Hazra Pallavi , Mukherjee Shyamal Kumar , Ganguly Subhasish , Roy Aniket Singha , Dutta Souvik , Sadhukhan Satarupa , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Standard management of dermatophytosis involves the use of topical antifungals in limited disease and oral therapy for more extensive cases. Despite the evidences favouring homeopathy in tinea corporis (TC) is inadequate, patients are increasingly opting for it. This trial attempts to assess the feasibility of a trial evaluating individualised homeopathic (IH) medicines in centesimal and 50-millesimal potencies in treating TC.
Methods An open, randomised, pilot feasibility trial was conducted at the dermatology outpatient of D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India. Patients were randomised to receive IH medicines in either centesimal potencies (n = 30) or in 50-millesimal potencies (n = 30). Primary outcome measure was intensity of pruritus on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale; secondary outcomes were Skindex-29 and dermatology life quality index questionnaires—all measured at baseline, and after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. Group differences were calculated on intention-to-treat (ITT) sample as well as following per protocol (PP) analysis.
Results Recruitment and attrition rates were 69 and 16.7% respectively. Both ITT and PP analysis revealed that intra-group changes in both the primary and secondary outcomes to be statistically significant in both the groups (all p < 0.05, one-way repeated measure analysis of variance). There were no significant group differences over 6 and 12 weeks (all p > 0.05, unpaired t-tests); thus, indicating similar pattern of improvement in both the groups. Most frequently used medicines were Natrum sulphuricum (28.3%), Natrum muriaticum (25%), Sulphur (8.3%) and Bacillinum (6.7%). No harms, unintended effects, homeopathic aggravations or any serious adverse events were reported from either group.
Conclusion An adequately powered trial exploring effectiveness of both scales in TC appeared to be feasible in future. Though the sample size was too small to arrive at any definite conclusion, both centesimal and 50-millesimal potencies of IH medicines appeared to be equally useful in improving pruritus intensity and quality of life in patients suffering from TC.
Clinical Use of Tailored Computed Tomography to Prevent Poststernotomy Dehiscence
Authors: Duman Zihni M. , Timur Barış , Topel Çağdaş , Aksu Timuçin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Morphological and tissue density analysis of the sternum can be performed in the preoperative computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to analyze morphology and tissue density of sternum in CT and effect for comparison sternal instability.
Methods Patients with sternal instability (n = 61) and sternal stability (n = 66) were enrolled in this study. All of the patients were studied using same thorax CT procedure. All the measurements were performed by one specific cardiovascular radiologist. The Hounsfield units (HUs) were measured in axial sections of the sternum trabecular bone.
Results Sternal instability group mean HU was 75.36 ± 13.19 and sternal stability group HU was 90.24 ± 12.16 (p < 0.000). HU is the statically significant predictor of sternal instability.
Conclusion Our study showed a significant correlation between the mean HU value of sternum and sternal instability. We think that it is important to evaluate the existing thorax CT while performing preoperative risk analysis for sternal dehiscence.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Device (Chemoport) in Oncology: Study of 168 Polyurethane Chemoport Catheter System
Authors: Mittal Gyanendra Swaroop , Sundriyal Deepak , Naik Niranjan B. , Sehrawat Amit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground Chemoport (totally implantable venous access device) and its catheter system are used to administer long-term chemotherapy in cancer patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the complications associated with chemoport insertion in various cancer patients.Material and Methods A total number of 168 chemoports along with polyurethane catheters were inserted in various cancer patients over a period of 3 years. 9.6 F polyurethane catheters were put by a team of surgical oncologists in operation theater under general or local anesthesia. Analysis of the complications was done until the chemoport was removed due to any reason.Results Out of 168 patients, 30 (17.85%) developed complications. Complications included arterial puncture, malposition of the catheter tip, pneumothorax, hematoma, seroma, deep vein thrombosis, fracture of the catheter, a reversal of port, infections, and thrombosis of the catheter. Only a few required premature port and catheter removal.Conclusion There was a low rate of complications associated with chemoport using a polyurethane type of catheter system. However, infection-related complications were comparatively more common in our series. Chemoport requires expert handling, patient education, strict follow-up, and dedicated teamwork to minimize complications.
Proposed Standards and Regulatory Mechanisms for New Homeopathic Drug Development
Authors: Talele Gitanjali , Shah Rajesh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Researchers working with new insights and new targets in new drug discovery in the homeopathy space observe that the path of drug-development and market authorisation has been less travelled and the pathway is not yet well-mapped. The need of the time is to define clear guidelines and regulatory mechanisms to facilitate the process of new drug discovery.
Overview The article is about the proposed methods for identifying the new homeopathic substances for therapeutic use. An overview of the current regulations for drug development in India is discussed in this article. Method of new drug development in homeopathy, standards and regulatory mechanism for approval of new drugs are proposed with few illustrations and references. An introductory plan, based on the perspective and experience of researcher, practitioner, academician and inventor for drug discovery is proposed.
Discussion An urgent need for setting up the guidelines for new drug discovery has been identified and a basic proposition is made for the same, suggesting practical, pragmatic and achievable measures, and independent regulatory body to encourage drug development and research.
Homoeopathy in the Treatment of Post-Stroke Complications: A Case Report
Authors: Dutta Abhijit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Long-term muscular and neuropsychiatric complications are common in stroke survivors. The main aim of therapeutic modalities for such cases is to limit the extent of disabilities and subsequent increase in the activity of daily living. Every case is different in pathology and manifestation, so requires an individualistic approach.
Case A 63-year-old man presented with right upper limb weakness, dysarthria and memory weakness after stroke. He had been undergoing conventional physical rehabilitation therapy but due to feasibility issues, he could not continue and opted for homoeopathic treatment. Following a thorough clinical and psychological evaluation, he was treated with homoeopathic medicines tailored to his specific needs. The Medical Research Council scale for muscle power, the Modified Ashworth Scale for muscle spasticity and the Stroke Impact Scale for quality of life after stroke were used to assess outcomes at various time points. Different physical and cognitive domains showed gradual improvement.
Conclusion This case demonstrates the complexities of clinical outcomes following a stroke and how those can be improved through the individualistic approach of homoeopathy. Nevertheless, a firm conclusion regarding causal attribution cannot be drawn from a single case, but a detailed clinical approach may be followed. Large-sample randomised controlled trials are impractical for the individualised approach of therapy or complex clinical conditions; thus, the ‘n-of-1’ trial may be adopted in the long run.
Fagus sylvatica C4 Trituration Proving and Clinical Applications
Authors: Renoux Hélène 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fagus sylvatica, the beech, has long been linked to European history, along with the oak. This homeopathic trituration proving reports on the main pathogenetic themes which led to successful prescriptions. Stiffness of the shoulders, alternating symptoms and love for forests appear to be key symptoms. More study of this remedy, and more prescriptions would be necessary to explore widely the many possibilities of this homeopathic medicine.
Evolution of Hair Transplant Surgery in India: A Plastic Surgeon's Perspective
Authors: Ramachandran K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article is mainly aimed to delve into the history of hair transplant and its evolution in India. As a plastic surgeon in practice for the past 35 years, I have seen hair transplant surgery undergoing various transformations starting with initial use of plugs and flaps. Scalp reduction surgery also played an important role. Plugs slowly gave way to mini- and micrografts. With the incorporation of the microscope and popularizing of strip surgery and improved slivering techniques, mega sessions came to the fore thereby covering large areas. Follicular unit extraction and use of body hair have also been discussed.
Microwave absorption properties of rare earth alloy Nd2Co17@C/Na2SiO3 composite at elevated temperature (293–723 K) in the X band
Authors: Zou Yang , Qi Zhaohui , Zheng Zuying , He Donglin , Wang Guowu , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A variety of new challenges are being faced in the development of high temperature microwave absorbing materials in the X band. Recently, some of the 2:17 phase rare-earth soft magnetic alloys with high permeability and curie temperature have shown potential to be novel X band high temperature microwave absorbing materials. In this paper, a high temperature microwave absorbing material (Nd2Co17@C/Na2SiO3) is prepared with Nd2Co17 as the raw material. After carbon cladding and Na2SiO3 treatment, the composite can work stably at 723 K. The calculated absorption properties display that the reflection loss intensity of the composite with a thickness of 1.5 mm is below −6 dB in the whole X band. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis results and static magnetic properties before and after sintering indicate that the material has excellent resistance to oxidation. Rare earth alloy materials provide a new possibility for the research of innovative high temperature absorbing materials.
Inversion method for measuring multi-hole probe surface pressure distribution of supersonic compressible atmospheric flow field
Authors: Zhang Yang-Chun , Zhou Shu-Dao , Ye Song , Wang Min , Yao Tao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The conventional method of measuring a multi-hole probe is based on Bernoulli’s equation and suffers from certain model errors. A computational fluid dynamics-based method was used in this study to reduce the theoretical error and establish a parametric model of the surface pressure of a spherical multi-hole pressure probe for measuring compressible flow fields at supersonic velocities. A flow field inversion method based on the parametric model is proposed herein. Numerical simulations were conducted to validate the proposed method. The experiment results show that in the compressible atmospheric flow field within Mach 1.2–1.7, the measurement errors of the inversion method were 1.3% and 2.35% for velocity and angle, respectively, thus verifying the feasibility of the method. Thus, a new method of measuring multi-hole pressure probe atmospheric flow fields was demonstrated.
Correlation between morphology and local mechanical and electrical properties of van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Vasić Borislav , Ralević Uroš , Aškrabić Sonja , Čapeta Davor , Kralj Marko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Properties of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures strongly depend on the quality of the interface between two dimensional (2D) layers. Instead of having atomically flat, clean, and chemically inert interfaces without dangling bonds, top-down vdW heterostructures are associated with bubbles and intercalated layers (ILs) which trap contaminations appeared during fabrication process. We investigate their influence on local electrical and mechanical properties of MoS2/WS2 heterostructures using atomic force microscopy (AFM) based methods. It is demonstrated that domains containing bubbles and ILs are locally softer, with increased friction and energy dissipation. Since they prevent sharp interfaces and efficient charge transfer between 2D layers, electrical current and contact potential difference are strongly decreased. In order to reestablish a close contact between MoS2 and WS2 layers, vdW heterostructures were locally flattened by scanning with AFM tip in contact mode or just locally pressed with an increased normal load. Subsequent electrical measurements reveal that the contact potential difference between two layers strongly increases due to enabled charge transfer, while local I/V curves exhibit increased conductivity without undesired potential barriers.
Simply equipped ε-Ga2O3 film/ZnO nanoparticle heterojunction for self-powered deep UV sensor
Authors: Mei Tong , Li Shan , Zhang Shaohui , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Peigang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a ε-Ga2O3 film/ZnO nanoparticle hybrid heterojunction deep ultraviolet (UV) photodetector is described for 254 nm wavelength sensing application. The constructed ε-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction photodetector can operate in dual modes which are power supply mode and self-powered mode. Under reverse 5 V bias with 254 nm light intensity of 500 μW cm−2, the photoresponsivity, specific detectivity and external quantum efficiency are 59.7 mA W−1, 7.83 × 1012 Jones and 29.2%. At zero bias, the advanced ε-Ga2O3/ZnO photodetector performs decent self-powered photoelectrical properties with photo-to-dark current ratio of 1.28 × 105, on/off switching ratio of 3.22 × 104, rise/decay times of 523.1/31.7 ms, responsivity of 4.12 mA W−1 and detectivity of 2.24 × 1012 Jones. The prominent photodetection performance lays a solid foundation for ε-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction in deep UV sensor application.
Neutrino beam driven instability of magnetosonic waves in the presence of oblique magnetic field and ion-neutral collisional effect in plasmas
Authors: Aftab H , Hussain S , Mahmood S , Haseeb M , Hasnain H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The neutrino beam driven instability of fast and slow magnetosonic waves with oblique applied magnetic field in multi-component ion, electron and neutrino beam plasma is studied. The dissipation effects of ion-neutral collisions are also included in the model. The neutrino and electron interactions through electro-weak force are included. It is found that the dissipation of ion collisions has significant effect on the phase velocity of the wave propagation and growth rate of the neutrino beam driven instability. The analytical expression of the growth rate of the fast and slow magnetosonic waves instability is found under the weak neutrino beam approximation and in the absence of ions and neutrals (atoms) collision effect. The numerical illustration of growth rates of the fast and slow magnetosonic waves are also presented with variations of magnetic field angle, neutrino beam energy, neutrino beam density, magnetic field intensity. It is found that the growth rate of the fast magnetosonic wave is maximum in case of the perpendicular directed magnetic field to the direction of wave propagation, while growth rate of slow magnetosonic wave is minimum in that case. It is also noticed that growth rate of fast magnetosonic wave comes out to be larger (of the order tens) than the slow magnetosonic wave case, which is quite different from earlier published results of Type II core-collapse supernova.
Achievements of actively controlled divertor detachment compatible with sustained high confinement core in DIII-D and EAST
Authors: Wang L. , Wang H.Q. , Eldon D. , Yuan Q.P. , Ding S. , Li K.D. , Garofalo A.M. , Gong X.Z. , Xu G.S. , Guo H.Y. , Wu K. , Meng L.Y. , Xu J.C. , Liu J.B. , Chen M.W. , Zhang B. , Duan Y.M. , Ding F. , Yang Z.S. , Qian J.P. , Huang J. , Ren Q.L. , Leonard A.W. , Fenstermacher M. , Lasnier C. , Watkins J.G. , Shafer M.W. , Barr J. , Weisberg D. , McClenaghan J. , Hanson J. , Hyatt A. , Osborne T. , Thomas D. , Humphreys D. , Buttery R.J. , Luo G.-N. , Xiao B.J. , Wan B.N. , Li J.G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The compatibility of efficient divertor detachment with high-performance core plasma is vital to the development of magnetically controlled fusion energy. The joint research on the EAST and DIII-D tokamaks demonstrates successful integration of divertor detachment with excellent core plasma confinement quality, a milestone towards solving the critical plasma–wall-interaction (PWI) issue and core-edge integration for ITER and future reactors. In EAST, actively controlled partial detachment with T
et,div ∼ 5 eV around the strike point and H
98 > 1 in different H-mode scenarios including the high β
P H-mode scenario have been achieved with ITER-like tungsten divertor, by optimizing the detachment access condition and performing detailed experiments for core-edge integration. For active long-pulse detachment feedback control, a 30 s H-mode operation with detachment-control duration being 25 s has been successfully achieved in EAST. DIII-D has achieved actively controlled fully detached divertor with low plasma electron temperature (T
et,div ⩽ 5 eV across the entire divertor target) and low particle flux (degree of detachment, DoD > 3), simultaneously with very high core performance (β
N ∼3, β
P > 2 and H
98 ∼ 1.5) in the high βP scenario being developed for ITER and future reactors. The high-β
P high confinement scenario is characterized by an internal transport barrier (ITB) at large radius and a weak edge transport barrier (ETB, or pedestal), which are synergistically self-organized. Both the high-β
P scenario and impurity seeding facilitate divertor detachment. The detachment access leads to the reduction of ETB, which facilitates the development of an even stronger ITB at large radius in the high β
P scenario. Thus, this strong large radius ITB enables the core confinement improvement during detachment. These significant joint DIII-D and EAST advances on the compatibility of high confinement core and detached divertor show a great potential for achieving a high-performance core plasma suitable for long-pulse operation of fusion reactors with controllable steady-state PWIs.
Accelerating the estimation of collisionless energetic particle confinement statistics in stellarators using multifidelity Monte Carlo
Authors: Law Frederick , Cerfon Antoine , Peherstorfer Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the design of stellarators, energetic particle confinement is a critical point of concern which remains challenging to study from a numerical point of view. Standard Monte Carlo (MC) analyses are highly expensive because a large number of particle trajectories need to be integrated over long time scales, and small time steps must be taken to accurately capture the features of the wide variety of trajectories. Even when they are based on guiding center trajectories, as opposed to full-orbit trajectories, these standard MC studies are too expensive to be included in most stellarator optimization codes. We present the first multifidelity Monte Carlo (MFMC) scheme for accelerating the estimation of energetic particle confinement in stellarators. Our approach relies on a two-level hierarchy, in which a guiding center model serves as the high-fidelity model, and a data-driven linear interpolant is leveraged as the low-fidelity surrogate model. We apply MFMC to the study of energetic particle confinement in a four-period quasi-helically symmetric stellarator, assessing various metrics of confinement. Stemming from the very high computational efficiency of our surrogate model as well as its sufficient correlation to the high-fidelity model, we obtain speedups of up to 10 with MFMC compared to standard MC.