bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-course RNA-seq analysis reveals stage-specific and melatonin-triggered gene expression patterns during the hair follicle growth cycle in Capra hircus
Authors: Li Chun , Feng Cong , Ma Guangyuan , Fu Shaoyin , Chen Ming , Zhang Wenguang , Li Jinquan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cashmere goat is famous for its high-quality fibers. The growth of cashmere in secondary hair follicles exhibits a seasonal pattern arising from circannual changes in the natural photoperiod. Although several studies have compared and analyzed the differences in gene expression between different hair follicle growth stages, the selection of samples in these studies relies on research experience or morphological evidence. Distinguishing hair follicle growth cycle according to gene expression patterns may help to explore the regulation mechanisms related to cashmere growth and the effect of melatonin from a molecular level more accurately.

Results
In this study, we applied RNA-sequencing to the hair follicles of three normal and three melatonin-treated Inner Mongolian cashmere goats sampled every month during a whole hair follicle growth cycle. A total of 3559 and 988 genes were subjected as seasonal changing genes (SCGs) in the control and treated groups, respectively. The SCGs in the normal group were divided into three clusters, and their specific expression patterns help to group the hair follicle growth cycle into anagen, catagen and telogen stages. Some canonical pathways such as Wnt, TGF-beta and Hippo signaling pathways were detected as promoting the hair follicle growth, while Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT, Fc epsilon RI, NOD-like receptor, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, NF-kappa B and many immune-related pathways were detected in the catagen and telogen stages. The PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and Focal adhesion were found in the transition stage between telogen to anagen, which may serve as candidate biomarkers for telogen-anagen regeneration. A total of 16 signaling pathways, 145 pathway mRNAs, and 93 lncRNAs were enrolled to construct the pathway-mRNA-lncRNA network, which indicated the function of lncRNAs through interacting with their co-expressed mRNAs. Pairwise comparisons between the control and melatonin-treated groups also indicated 941 monthly differentially expressed genes (monthly DEGs). These monthly DEGs were mainly distributed from April and September, which revealed a potential signal pathway map regulating the anagen stage triggered by melatonin. Enrichment analysis showed that Wnt, Hedgehog, ECM, Chemokines and NF-kappa B signaling pathways may be involved in the regulation of non-quiescence and secondary shedding under the influence of melatonin.

Conclusions
Our study decoded the key regulators of the whole hair follicle growth cycle, laying the foundation for the control of hair follicle growth and improvement of cashmere yield.
Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in lung transplant candidates: echocardiography versus right heart catheterization
Authors: Abu Tal , Levi Amos , Hasdai David , Kramer Mordechai R. , Bental Tamir , Bdolah-Abram Tali , Shiyovich Arthur , Samara Abed , Vaknin-Assa Hana , Perl Leor , Rosengarten Dror , Shapira Yaron , Kornowski Ran , Skalsky Keren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRight heart catheterization (RHC) and echocardiography are both routinely used for pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) assessment in lung transplantation (LT) candidates, although this is not mandated by current guidelines. We aimed to explore the performance of echocardiographic PASP as an indicator of pulmonary hypertension in LT candidates, in order to assess the necessity of RHC.MethodsFrom a retrospective registry of 393 LT candidates undergoing RHC and echocardiography during 2015–2019, patients were assessed for the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) above 20 mmHg, according to two methods—echocardiography and RHC. The primary outcome was the correlation between the PASP estimated by echocardiography to that measured by RHC. Secondary outcomes were the prediction value of the echocardiographic evaluation and its accuracy.ResultsThe mean value of PASP estimated by echocardiography was 49.5 ± 20.0 mmHg, compared to 42.5 ± 18.0 mmHg measured by RHC. The correlation between the two measurements was moderate (Pearson’s correlation: r = 0.609,p < 0.01). Echocardiography PASP measurements were moderately discriminative to diagnose PH, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI 0.66–0.77). Echocardiographic overestimation of PASP of more than 10 mmHg was found in 35.0% of the patients, and underestimation was found in 11.6% of the patients.ConclusionIn the pre-surgical evaluation of LT candidates, echocardiographic estimation of PASP had moderate correlation and limited accuracy compared to the PASP measured by RHC. We thus recommend performing routine RHC to all LT candidates, regardless of the echocardiographic estimation of PASP.
Surgical outcomes of bridge-to-bridge therapy with extracorporeal left ventricular assist device for acute myocardial infarction in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Tokunaga Chiho , Iguchi Atsushi , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Chubachi Fumiya , Hori Yuto , Takazawa Akitoshi , Hayashi Jun , Asakura Toshihisa , Yoshitake Akihiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Extracorporeal left ventricular assist device is often required for acute myocardial infarction patients in cardiogenic shock when temporary mechanical circulatory support fails to provide hemodynamic stabilization. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of acute myocardial infarction patients in cardiogenic shock supported by an extracorporeal left ventricular assist device.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 13 acute myocardial infarction patients in cardiogenic shock treated with an extracorporeal left ventricular assist device from April 2011 to July 2020.

Results
Twelve (92.3%) and eleven (84.6%) patients were supported using venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra-aortic balloon pumping before implantation, respectively. The median duration from acute myocardial infarction to extracorporeal left ventricular assist device implantation was 7 (3.5–24.5) days. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 30.8% (n = 4). Extracorporeal left ventricular assist device was explanted in one patient for cardiac recovery; eight (61.5%) patients were approved as heart transplant candidates in whom the extracorporeal left ventricular assist device was exchanged for a durable left ventricular assist device; two (15.4%) expired while waiting for a heart transplant, and two (15.4%) received a successful transplant. The 1- and 3-year overall survival rates after extracorporeal left ventricular assist device implantation were 68.3% and 49.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
The operative mortality after extracorporeal left ventricular assist device implantation in acute myocardial infarction patients in cardiogenic shock was favorable. Our strategy of early hemodynamic stabilization with extracorporeal left ventricular assist device implantation in these patients as a bridge-to-bridge therapy was effective in achieving better survival.
The best QT correction formula in a non-hospitalized population: the Fasa PERSIAN cohort study
Authors: Yazdanpanah Mohammad Hosein , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Sayyadipoor Sepideh , Farjam Mojtaba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundQT interval as an indicator of ventricular repolarization is a clinically important parameter on an electrocardiogram (ECG). QT prolongation predisposes individuals to different ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The current study aimed to identify the best heart rate corrected QT interval for a non-hospitalized Iranian population based on cardiovascular mortality.MethodsUsing Fasa PERSIAN cohort study data, this study enrolled 7071 subjects aged 35–70 years. Corrected QT intervals (QTc) were calculated by the QT interval measured by Cardiax® software from ECGs and 6 different correction formulas (Bazett, Fridericia, Dmitrienko, Framingham, Hodges, and Rautaharju). Mortality status was checked using an annual telephone-based follow-up and a minimum 3-year follow-up for each participant. Bland–Altman, QTc/RR regression, sensitivity analysis, and Cox regression were performed in IBM SPSS Statistics v23 to find the best QT. Also, for calculating the upper and lower limits of normal of different QT correction formulas, 3952 healthy subjects were selected.ResultsIn this study, 56.4% of participants were female, and the mean age was 48.60 ± 9.35 years. Age, heart rate in females, and QT interval in males were significantly higher. The smallest slopes of QTc/RR analysis were related to Fridericia in males and Rautaharju followed by Fridericia in females. Thus, Fridericia’s formula was identified as the best mathematical formula and Bazett’s as the worst in males. In the sensitivity analysis, however, Bazett’s formula had the highest sensitivity (23.07%) among all others in cardiac mortality. Also, in the Cox regression analysis, Bazett’s formula was better than Fridericia’s and was identified as the best significant cardiac mortality predictor (Hazard ratio: 4.31, 95% CI 1.73–10.74,pvalue = 0.002).ConclusionFridericia was the best correction formula based on mathematical methods. Bazett’s formula despite its poorest performance in mathematical methods, was the best one for cardiac mortality prediction. Practically, it is suggested that physicians use QTcB for a better evaluation of cardiac mortality risk. However, in population-based studies, QTcFri might be the one to be used by researchers.
Implantable device measured objective daily physical activity as a predictor of long-term all-cause mortality and cardiac death in patients with age > 75 years and high risk of sudden cardiac death: a cohort study
Authors: Li Xiaoyao , Chen Keping , Hua Wei , Su Yangang , Yang Jiefu , Liang Zhaoguang , Xu Wei , Zhao Shuang , Li Zeyi , Zhang Shu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To study the relationship between objective daily physical activity (PA), as measured by implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs)/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRTDs), and long-term prognoses in patients with age > 75 years at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Methods
In total, 133 patients with age > 75 years old (age 79.52 ± 3.68 years) in the SUMMIT study were retrospectively analysed. The major endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the minor endpoint was cardiac death.

Results
The mean follow-up time was 57.1 ± 24.2 months (range: from 4 to 96 months). In total, 46 all-cause mortality and 23 cardiac death events occurred. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a baseline PA cut-off value of 6.47% (93 min/day) can predict all-cause mortality in patients with age > 75 years, with an area under the curve of 0.670 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.573–0.767, P = 0.001). The sensitivity was 67.4%, and the specificity was 66.7%. Patients with baseline PA ≤ 6.47% had higher rates of all-cause mortality (51.7% vs 20.5%, P < 0.001) and cardiac death (25.0% vs 11.0%, P = 0.040). The estimated Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with PA ≤ 6.47% had an increased cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality (Log-rank P < 0.0001) and cardiac death (Log-rank P = 0.0067). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PA ≤ 6.47% was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 3.137, 95% CI: 1.667–5.904, P < 0.001) and cardiac death (HR value 3.345, 95% CI: 1.394–8.028, P = 0.007).

Conclusions
Daily PA of about 1.5 h was associated with lower all-cause mortality and cardiac death risk in patients with age > 75 years and high risk of SCD with ICDs/CRTDs. PA monitoring may aid in long-term management of older patients at high risk of SCD.
Efficacy and safety of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) combined with modified docetaxel chemotherapy versus ADT combined with standard docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: study protocol for a multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Xiangwei , Chen Hong , Xu Duanya , Chen Xianju , Li Yamei , Tian Jun , Wang Dongwen , Pang Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, mCRPC patients are mainly frail elderly men, constantly accompanied by comorbidities and showing poor tolerance to standard docetaxel chemotherapy. Some exploratory studies administering modified chemotherapy regimens have reported noninferior oncologic outcomes with fewer adverse events, yet most are retrospective or small studies, and prospective randomized controlled trials have rarely been conducted. Therefore, we designed this modified docetaxel chemotherapy regimen in patients with mCRPC, aiming to evaluate its efficacy and safety compared with the standard docetaxel chemotherapy regimen.

Methods
This is an open-label, multi-institutional, prospective, randomized non-inferiority trial. A total of 128 patients with mCRPC will be randomized to receive ADT combined with modified docetaxel chemotherapy (experimental group, n=64) or ADT combined with standard docetaxel chemotherapy (control group, n=64). Patients in the experimental group will receive a modified regimen with docetaxel 40 mg/m2 on the 1st day and 35 mg/m2 on the 8th day, repeated every 21 days. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival at 2 years. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, prostate-specific antigen response rate, pain response rate, toxicity and quality of life.

Discussion
The expected benefit for the patient in the experimental arm is noninferior efficacy with decreased toxicity and improved quality of life compared with that in the control arm. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first multicentre prospective randomized study to assess the efficacy and safety of modified docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with mCRPC in China. The results of this trial may provide benefit to mCRPC patients, especially those with poor performance.

Trial registration
chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2100046636 (May 24, 2021). Ongoing study.
Bilateral blindness after uneventful brolucizumab injection for macular degeneration
Authors: Barchichat Ilan , Thiel Michael , Job Oliver , Schmid Martin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
We report a very severe case of bilateral panuveitis and ischemic vasculitis with possible perineural inflammation, which followed bilateral intravitreal brolucizumab administration in a patient with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Case presentation
On December 11, 2020, a 81-year-old woman presented with severe bilateral loss of vision. Eight days earlier, she had received uneventful bilateral injection of brolucizumab, a novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single-chain variable region (scFv) recombinant protein drug, for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).
Slit-lamp examination revealed signs of a bilateral panocular vasculitis with ischemia. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy of her left eye revealed marked vascular sheathing.
T1 fat-saturated post-contrast images of the orbit revealed a higher-than-normal signal of the choroid, with localized choroidal detachment. Additionally, pathologic enhancement was visible around the optic nerve in the orbit, which was interpreted as vasculitis. Due to the severe bilateral panuveitis with vasculitis, an additional vitreous tap was obtained, which revealed elevated levels of interleukin six and interleukin ten.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first documented case showing both panuveitis and ischemic vasculitis with possible perineural inflammation. We do not recommend performing bilateral brolucizumab injections until more data is available regarding the mechanism of brolucizumab-induced vasculitis. From a clinical point of view, we find it difficult to justify the use of brolucizumab when there are other well-known agents, such as ranibizumab and aflibercept, which have better safety profiles and comparable efficacy.
Stillbirth trends by maternal sociodemographic characteristics among a large internal migrant population in Shenzhen, China, over a 10-year period: a retrospective study
Authors: Ma Rui , Zou Lingyun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cities such as Shenzhen in southern China have large immigrant populations, and the reproductive health issues of pregnant women in these populations have not received sufficient attention. Stillbirth seriously threatens their health and is becoming a social issue worthy of attention. We conducted this study to estimate the trend in stillbirths at 28 or more gestational weeks and the related sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women among a large internal migrant population in South China.

Methods
A stillbirth is defined as a baby born with no signs of life after a given threshold, and are restricted to births of 28 weeks of gestation or longer, with a birth weight of at least 1000 g for international comparison. A population-based retrospective cohort of all births from January 2010 to December 2019 in Baoan, Shenzhen, was conducted using the Shenzhen Birth Registry Database. The overall stillbirth rate and year-specific stillbirth rate were calculated as the number of foetal deaths ≥28 gestational weeks or a birth weight ≥ 1000 g divided by the number of births over the last decade or in each year, respectively. The associations between the risk of stillbirth and maternal sociodemographic status were assessed using logistic regression. Spearman’s rank correlation was calculated to evaluate the correlation between the economic status of the maternal birthplace and the stillbirth.

Results
An overall stillbirth rate of 4.5 per 1000 births was estimated in a total of 492,184 births in our final analysis. Migrant women accounted for 87% of the total population but had a higher stillbirth rate (4.8 per 1000 births) than the permanent population (2.8 per 1000 births). The stillbirth rate varied by region of maternal birthplace, from 4.1 per 1000 births in women from East China to 5.7 per 1000 births in women from West China. The GDP per capita of the maternal birthplace was strongly correlated with the stillbirth rate.

Conclusions
Large disparities in the stillbirth rate exist between migrant and permanent populations and among regions of maternal birthplace in China. Strategies targeting migrant women based on their maternal birthplace are needed to further reduce the burden of stillbirth.
Exploring the potential of a school-based online health and wellbeing screening tool: professional stakeholders’ perspectives and experiences
Authors: Woodrow Nicholas , Fairbrother Hannah , Breheny Katie , d’Apice Katrina , Albers Patricia N , Mills Clare , Curtis Matthew , Hopkins Lisa , Tebbett Sarah , Campbell Rona , De Vocht Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSupporting children and young people’s (CYP) mental and physical health is a global policy priority but detecting need and facilitating access to health services and support is challenging. This paper explores professional stakeholders’ perspectives of the acceptability, utility and effectiveness of a school-based online health and wellbeing screening tool, the Digital Health Contact (DHC). The DHC, delivered by Public Health School Nurses (PHSN), aims to identify, and put in place strategies to support, unmet health needs among CYP.MethodsWe employed a qualitative study design, using semi-structured interviews. Fourteen key stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of the DHC (commissioners, providers, PHSN and healthcare staff, school leaders) were purposively sampled. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsOur analysis generated two key themes: the perceived benefits of the DHC; and challenges in delivering the DHC. Stakeholders perceived the universal application of the DHC with linked follow-up intervention as an effective means of identifying and supporting CYP with unmet needs, and an efficient way to target limited service resources. There were barriers around enabling school engagement in the DHC, typically in terms of logistics, school infrastructure, and perspectives of fit with schools. These barriers were seen as being negated through developing effective working relationships between schools and PHSN. Effective relationships could highlight the potential benefits of participation. Overall, the DHC was seen as a valuable and effective use of resources, with a low burden on school staff.ConclusionsThe DHC, as a universal school-based health and wellbeing screening tool with linked follow-up intervention, has great potential in identifying and supporting unmet health needs among CYP. The perspectives and experiences of those involved in delivering the DHC highlight important considerations which may enable effective implementation and delivery of school screening programmes across other areas.
Comparison of retention and fracture load of endocrowns made from zirconia and zirconium lithium silicate after aging: an in vitro study
Authors: Sahebi Majid , Ghodsi Safoura , Berahman Parsia , Amini Amirhesam , Zeighami Somayeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare retention and fracture load in endocrowns made from translucent zirconia and zirconium lithium silicate.

Methods
Fifty-six intact human maxillary molars after being mounted in acrylic resin, were scanned to acquire biogeneric copies. Specimens underwent standard endodontic treatment and were prepared for endocrown up to 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups of 28, and endocrowns were designed using biogeneric copies and milled from high-translucent zirconia disks (Zr) and zirconium lithium silicate blocks (ZLS). After cementation with dual-cure resin cement, all the specimens underwent thermomechanical aging, and pull-out retention test and compressive test were conducted (14 specimens were used for each test in each group, n = 14), and failure modes in both tests were evaluated.

Results
Independent samples t-test showed significant difference between the retention of Zr (271.5 N ± 114.31) and ZLS (654.67 N ± 223.17) groups (p value = 0.012). Compressive test results were also significantly different between Zr (7395.07 N ± 1947.42) and ZLS (1618.3 N ± 585) (p = 0.002). Failure mode of retention test was primarily adhesive failure at the cement-restoration interface in Zr group and cement-tooth interface in ZLS group. Failure modes of fracture test for Zr group were 7 non-restorable fractures and one restorable fracture while 6 specimens resisted compressive loads up to 8500 N without fracture. ZLS group showed 7 restorable and 7 non-restorable failures.

Conclusions
Zr endocrowns showed significantly lower retention and higher fracture strength. Both materials seem to be suitable for fabrication of endocrown in clinical setup.