bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of artificial intelligence in accurate interpretation of HER2 IHC 0 and 1+ in breast cancers
Authors: Wu Si , Yue Meng , Zhang Jun , Li Xiaoxian (Bill) , Li Zaibo , Zhang Huina , Wang Xinran , Han Xiao , Cai Lijing , Shang Jiuyan , Jia Zhanli ,   Xiaoxiao 9 Wang, Li Jinze , Liu Yueping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The new HER2-targeting antibody drug conjugate offers the opportunity to treat patients with HER2-low breast cancer. Distinguishing HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of 0 and 1+, is critical but also challenging due to HER2 heterogeneity and variability of observers. In this study, we aimed to increase interpretation accuracy and consistency of HER2 IHC 0 and 1 + evaluations through assistance from artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. In addition, we examined the value of AI algorithm in evaluating HER2 IHC scores in tumors with heterogeneity. The AI-assisted interpretation consisted of AI algorithms and an augmenting reality module with microscope. Fifteen pathologists (5 junior, 5 mid-level and 5 senior) participated this multi-institutional two-round ring study that included 246 infiltrating duct carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) cases. In round 1, pathologists analyzed 246 HER2 IHC slides by microscope without AI assistance. After 2 weeks of washout period, the pathologists read the same slides with AI algorithm assistance and rendered the final results by adjusting to the AI algorithm. The interpretation accuracy was significantly increased with AI assistance (Accuracy 0.93 vs 0.80), as well as the evaluation precision of HER2 0 and the recall of HER2 1+. The AI algorithm also improved the total consistency (ICC = 0.542 to 0.812), especially in HER2 1 + cases. In cases with heterogeneity, the accuracy was improved significantly (Accuracy 0.68 to 0.89) and to similar level as cases without heterogeneity (Accuracy 0.95). Both accuracy and the consistency of junior pathologists were better improved than the mid-level and senior pathologists. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study to show that the accuracy and consistency of HER2 IHC 0 and 1 + evaluations and the accuracy of HER2 IHC evaluation in breast cancers with heterogeneity can be significantly improved using AI-assisted interpretation.
Sex difference in effect of ankle landing biomechanics in sagittal plane on knee valgus moment during single-leg landing
Authors: Lee Jinkyu , Shin Choongsoo S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a sex difference in the effect of ankle plantar flexion at the contact angle, ankle range of motion (ROM), and ankle plantar flexion moment on knee valgus loading during single-leg landing. Twenty-five females and twenty-four males performed a single-leg landing. Joint kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities were measured. Correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between ankle biomechanics in the sagittal plane (ankle plantar flexion angle at contact, ROM, and peak ankle plantar flexion moment) and peak knee valgus moment. In males, the larger ankle plantarflexion angle at contact and ROM were significantly associated with lower peak knee valgus moment (r = − 0.46, p < 0.05; and r = − 0.42, p < 0.05). In addition, in males only, a greater peak ankle plantar flexion moment was significantly associated with a lower peak knee valgus moment (r = − 0.83, p < 0.001) and greater peak ankle inversion moment (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Altering ankle landing strategies in the sagittal plane during single-leg landing may reduce the knee valgus moment, which is one risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury, in males only.
Disturbance of the topography of Cu layers deposited by magnetron sputtering as a potential technique for increasing the absorption area of photovoltaic cells
Authors: Grudniewski Tomasz , Michaluk Estera 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the influence of the sputtering time and hence thickness of thin copper (Cu) layers on the grain size, surface morphology and electrical properties. Cu layers 54–853 nm thick were deposited at room temperature from a Cu target with a sputtering power of 2.07 W⋅cm− 2 in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 8⋅10− 3 mbar. The structural and electrical properties were determined on the basis of four-contact probe measurements, stylus profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an X-ray microanalysis (EDS) detector, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the conducted experiments show that the structure of thin copper layers can significantly change depending on the thickness and deposition process parameters. Three characteristic areas of structural changes and growth of copper crystallites/grains were distinguished. Ra and the RMS roughness linearly increase with increasing film thickness, while the crystallite size significantly changes only for copper films thicker than 600 nm. In addition, the resistivity of the Cu film is reduced to approximately 2 microohm⋅cm for films with a thickness on the order of 400 nm, and a further increase in their thickness does not have a significant effect on their resistivity. This paper also determines the bulk resistance for the Cu layers under study and estimates the reflection coefficient at the grain boundaries.
Structural Basis for the self-recognition of sDSCAM in Chelicerata
Authors: Cheng Jie , Yu Yamei , Wang Xingyu , Liu Ting , Hu Daojun , Jin Yongfeng , Lai Ying , Fu Tian-Min , Chen Qiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To create a functional neural circuit, neurons develop a molecular identity to discriminate self from non-self. The invertebrate Dscams and vertebrate Pcdhs are implicated in determining synaptic specificity. Recently identified in Chelicerata, a shortened Dscam (sDscam) has been shown to resemble the isoform-generating characters of both Dscam and Pcdh and represent an evolutionary transition. Here we presented the molecular details of sDscam self-recognition via both trans and cis interactions using X-ray crystallographic data, functional assays and mathematical analysis. Based on our results, we proposed a molecular zipper model for the assemblies of sDscam to mediate cell-cell recognition. In this model, sDscam utilized FNIII domain to form side-by-side interactions with neighboring molecules in the same cell while established hand-in-hand interactions via Ig1 domain with molecules from another cell around. Together, our study provided a framework for understanding the assembly, recognition, and evolution of sDscam.
Psychometric Properties of the Disruptive Behavior in Physical Education Scale in Mexican students. Prediction of satisfaction with physical education
Authors: Baños Raúl , Barretos-Ruvalcaba Michelle , Baena-Extremera Antonio , Granero-Gallegos Antonio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire for Disruptive Behavior in Physical Education (CCD-EF) in the Mexican context. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational-causal study was designed in which 378 girls (Mean = 13.99; SD = .30) and 375 boys (Mean = 14.02; SD = .33), all high school students participated. The psychometric properties of the scale were analyzed by means of different exploratory and confirmatory analyses that demonstrate that this instrument with four correlated factors, and as higher order models, is valid, reliable, and invariant as a function of sex. A regression model with latent variables showed a positive and significant prediction of boredom with Physical Education on disruptive behaviors, finding that this prediction is higher in boys than in girls. The CCD-EF has proven to be a reliable and valid instrument to use with Mexican high school students.
Evaluation of Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Infants with Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Shehzad Irfan , Raju Muppala , Jackson Ineshia , Beeram Madhava , Govande Vinayak , Chiruvolu Arpitha , Vora Niraj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the ASD risk in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised with Follow Up (M-CHAT-R/F). Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Infants with IVH admitted to the Baylor Scott & White Health NICU from January 2014 through June 2020. M-CHAT-R/F questionnaire results for ASD risk assessment was used, in addition to the cranial ultrasound findings at NICU discharge.Results: M-CHAT-R/F screening results were found in 165 infants, 80 children had IVH and 85 children had no IVH, 35 infants failed (ASD Risk) and 130 infants passed the M-CHAT-R/F (No-ASD risk). Median birth weight and gestational age were significantly lower in ASD risk group. ASD risk and cerebral palsy were significantly associated with severe IVH. Based on discharge cranial ultrasound findings, ASD risk of infants with resolved IVH was comparable to No-IVH group. Conclusions: The ASD risk increases with lower gestational age, lower birth weight and severe IVH.
A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data: precipitation performances in Italy
Authors: Capecchi Valerio , Pasi Francesco , Gozzini Bernardo , Brandini Carlo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We describe the implementation and performances of a weather hindcast obtained by dynamically downscaling the ERA5 data across the period 1979-2019. The limited-area models used to perform the hindcast are BOLAM (with a grid spacing of 7 km over the Mediterranean domain) and MOLOCH (with a grid spacing of 2.5 km over Italy). BOLAM is used to provide initial and boundary conditions to the inner grid of the MOLOCH model, which is set in a convection-permitting configuration. The performances of such limited-area, high-resolution and long-term hindcast are evaluated comparing modelled precipitation data against two high-resolution gridded observational datasets. Any potential added-value of the BOLAM/MOLOCH hindcast is assessed with respect to ERA5-Land data, which are used as benchmark. Results demonstrate that the MOLOCH hindcast provides a lower bias than ERA5-Land as regards both the mean annual rainfall (-1.3% vs +8.7%) and the 90th percentile of summer daily precipitation, although a wet bias is found in southern Italy (bias \(\simeq\) +17.1%). Improvements are also gained in the simulation of the 90th percentile of hourly precipitations both in winter and, to a minor extent, in summer. The diurnal cycle of summer precipitations is found to be better reconstructed in the Alps than in the hilly areas of southern Italy. We also analyse rainfall peaks obtained in the simulation of two well-known severe precipitation events that caused floods and damages in north-western Italy in 1994 and 2011. We finally discuss how the demonstrated reliability of the BOLAM and MOLOCH models associated to the relatively low computational cost, promote their use as a valuable tool for downscaling not only reanalyses but also climate projections.
Risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Atsukawa Masanori , Tsubota Akihito , Kondo Chisa , Koyano Kaori-Shioda , Ishikawa Toru , Toyoda Hidenori , Takaguchi Koichi , watanabe Tsunamasa , Matsuura Kentaro , Ogawa Chikara , Hiraoka Atsushi , Okubo Hironao , Tateyama Masakuni , Uojima Haruki , Nozaki Akito , Chuma Makoto , Kato Keizo , Mikami Shigeru , Tani Joji , Morishita Asahiro , Kawata Kazuhito , Tada Toshifumi , Furuichi Yoshihiro , Okubo Tomomi , Kawano Tadamichi , Arai Taeang , Kawabe Naoto , Kawamura Naohiro , Ikegami Tadashi , Nakamuta Makoto , Shigefuku Ryuta , Iwasa Motoh , Tanaka Yasuhito , Hatano Masaru , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Measurement of the tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) by echocardiography is recommended as the most objective examination for the detection of portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH). This prospective study aimed to identify factors associated with a high TRPG in patients with cirrhosis and develop a screening method for identifying patients most likely to benefit from investigation with echocardiography.Results Four hundreds and eighty-six patients with cirrhosis underwent Doppler echocardiography, and were analyzed in the present study. Of the 486 patients, 51 (10.5%) had TRPG ≥35 mmHg. The median BNP was 39.5 (range, 3.3–712.0) pg/mL. Ninety-one (18.7%) patients reported shortness of breath. Multivariate analysis identified female, shortness of breath, and BNP ≥49 pg/mL as independent factors for TRPG ≥35 mmHg. The risk score for predicting TRPG ≥35 mmHg was calculated: risk score = −3.230 + 0.622 × gender (female: 1, male: 0) + 1.403 × shortness of breath (presence: 1, absence: 0) + 0.726 × BNP (≥ 49pg/mL: 1, <49 pg/mL: 0). An optimal cut-off risk score for predicting TRPG ≥35 mmHg was −1.882 (AUC, 0.731; sensitivity, 68.6%; specificity, 70.6%). The prevalence of TRPG ≥35 mmHg in patients with a risk score ≥−1.882 (21.5%) was significantly higher than that in patients with a risk score <−1.882 (5.0%) (p = 7.02 × 10−8).Conclusions We clarified the characteristics of patients with suspected PoPH, and developed a scoring model for identifying patients at high risk of PoPH, which may have utility in selecting patients with cirrhosis that may benefit from echocardiography.
Identification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed sources and farmers’ seed production practices in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yitayew Yekoye Abebaw , Sisay Dawit Tsegaye , Ayalew Dereje 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Smallholder farmers in Ethiopia are involved in multiple seed sources to access both local cultivars and seed of improved varieties. The present study was conducted in Baso Liben district, Northwest Ethiopia with the objectives to identify the existing seed sources, factors affecting the use of improved bread wheat seed, and to assess practitioners’ (farmers and experts) suggestions to improve the existing bread wheat seed sources. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 108 farmers and five local experts using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions, respectively. The data were analyzed both using descriptive statistics and line-by-line examination of the FGDs’ transcripts. Results were revealed that the presence of formal and informal seed sources where farmers can access bread wheat seed. Farmers accessed the seed through different mechanisms including those that were farm-saved from the previous cropping seasons (41.5%), from neighboring farmers (11.4%), from relatives (7.5%) and from formal seed suppliers (39.6%). Yield advantage, disease tolerance, market value and food quality were found the most common criteria in making decision to use improved bread wheat varieties. The study confirms both formal and informal seed sources are playing vital role in improving the seed access to the farmers. Hence, the importance of informal seed sources should be well-considered in policy development. Moreover, the government and development partners need to develop a mechanism to integrate both the formal and informal seed systems to improve the seed availability.
Genetic contribution to microglial activation in schizophrenia
Authors: Koistinaho Jari , Koskuvi Marja , Pörsti Elina , Wu Ying Chieh , Trontti Kalevi , McQuade Amanda , Ojansuu Ilkka , Cannon Tyrone , Lönnqvist Jouko , Therman Sebastian , Suvisaari Jaana , Kaprio Jaakko , Blurton-Jones Mathew , Hovatta Iiris , Lähteenvuo Markku , Rolova Taisia , Lehtonen Sarka , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Microglia are brain resident immune cells responding toward invading pathogens and injury-related products, and additionally, have a critical role in improving neurogenesis and synaptic functions. Hyperactivation of microglia in SCZ is one of the leading hypotheses for disease pathogenesis, but due to the lack of proper human cell models, the role of microglia in SCZ is not well studied. We used monozygotic twins discordant for SCZ and healthy individuals to generate human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia to assess the transcriptional and functional differences in microglia between healthy controls, affected twins and unaffected twins. The microglia from affected twins had increased expression of several common inflammation-related genes, such as AIF1, HLA-DRA and IL1β compared to healthy individuals. Microglia from affected twins had also reduced response to IL1β treatment, but no significant differences in migration or phagocytotic activity. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed abnormalities related to extracellular matrix signaling. RNA sequencing predicted downregulation of extracellular matrix structure constituent GO terms and hepatic fibrosis pathway activation that were shared by microglia of both affected and unaffected twins, but the upregulation of MHC class II receptors was observed only in affected twin microglia. Also, the microglia of affected twins had heterogeneous response to clozapine, minocycline, and sulforaphane treatments. Overall, despite the increased expression of inflammatory genes, we observed no clear functional signs of hyperactivation in microglia from patients with SCZ. We conclude that microglia of the patients with SCZ have genetic aberrations related to inflammation response and extracellular matrix without contributing to microglia hyperactivation.
Simultaneous Control of Venous Reservoir Level and Arterial Flow Rate in Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Takahashi Hidenobu , Kinoshita Takuya , Soh Zu , Okahara Shigeyuki , Miyamoto Satoshi , Ninomiya Shinji , Tsuji Toshio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPerforming a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) requires a well-trained perfusionist with skill and experience. In particular, operating the two occluders is difficult because it changes both the blood flow rate and reservoir level, and failure of the operation puts the patient’s life at risk. This study proposes an automatic control system with a two-degrees-of-freedom model matching controller nested in an I-PD feedback controller to simultaneously regulate the blood flow rate and the reservoir level. Experiments simulating CPB initiation and weaning were conducted using glycerin and bovine blood as perfusates. The results demonstrated that the arterial flow rate tracked the manually adjusted venous flow rate with a percentage error below 7.57%, and the reservoir level was maintained with an error below 4.89%. Then, experiments were conducted that simulated disturbances caused by venting/suction of blood from the surgical field and afterload fluctuation in the patient. The results showed that the control accuracies were not affected by afterload fluctuation; venting/suction disturbance worsened the accuracy of controlling the flow rate (3.26% error), while the reservoir level was maintained at 2.22% error. Thus, the robustness and control accuracies of the proposed system were demonstrated, and the system marks another step toward the automation of CPB.
ECG Signal Denoising Using Optimized Adaptive Hybrid Filter With Empirical Wavelet Transform
Authors: Subbiah Balasubramanian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading cause of death; therefore cardiac health of the human heart has been a fascinating topic for decades. The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a comprehensive non-invasive method for determining cardiac health. Various health practitioners use the ECG signal to ascertain critical information about the human heart. In this article, swarm intelligence approaches are used in the biomedical signal processing sector to enhance adaptive hybrid filters and Empirical wavelet Transforms (EWT). At first, the white Gaussian noise is added to the input ECG signal and then applied to the EWT. The ECG signals are denoised by the proposed Adaptive hybrid filter. The Honey Badge Optimization (HBO) algorithm is utilized to optimize the EWT window function and adaptive hybrid filter weight parameters. The experiments are conducted on the MIT-BIH dataset and the proposed filter built using the HBO algorithm, attains a significant enhancement in reliable parameters, according to the testing results in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), mean difference (MD), mean square error (MSE), normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), peak reconstruction error (PRE), maximum error (ME), and normalized root mean error (NRME) with existing algorithms namely, PSO, AOA, MVO, etc.
Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of an AA5083/AA6061 Friction Stir Welding Using Modal analysis
Authors: ÇAVUŞ Emre Can , KOÇAR Oğuz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Solid-state joining is used for welding similar or dissimilar materials due to its many advantages (avoiding fusion and formation of a thick intermetallic layer). Determination of process parameters (feed rate and rotation speed) and tool geometry (shoulder and pin) is significant in friction stir welding in order to obtain adequate weld quality. The experiments were performed using three process parameters: feed rate (mm/min), rotation speed (rpm), and pin geometry for friction stir welding of Al5083 and Al6061. Eighteen experiments were performed by varying the process parameters and mechanical tests (microhardness and tensile measurements) have been carried out to determine the weld quality. When the results were evaluated according to ultimate strength, the best result (198.5 MPa) was obtained in triangle pin geometry, 1250 rpm, and 100 mm/min parameters. The similarity was determined in the microhardness results. Effects of tool geometry, feed rate, and rotation speed on the vibration properties and weld quality are also investigated experimentally. The effects of the FSW parameters used are discussed using vibration analysis.
Pandemic Pets: How The Demand For Dogs Affects In-Home Domestic Violence During COVID-19
Authors: Davies Erika , Rodriguez Zachary 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In response to the novel Coronavirus of 2020 the county of Dallas, Texas ordered residents to shelter in place for 52 days. During the pandemic reports of domestic violence increased across the US as victims were forced to remain home with their abusers. Using daily reports of domestic violence and pet adoptions, surrenders, and fosters in Dallas, TX, we find an increase in domestic violence during shelter in place orders and identify the outflow for pets from the home as a trigger for this increase. As animals are surrendered to shelters in-home violence decreases, while violence increases during the shelter in place order– specifically when pets are confiscated from the home. Our results align with family violence literature by identifying a victim’s dependents as a main deterrent to escape. If more women’s shelters accommodated pets, victims would leave their abusers sooner. Any policy intended to decrease family violence ought to include animal shelters, women’s shelters, and police departments. Together, these offices can identify potential abusers, decrease in-home violence, and ensure the safety of families and pets.JEL Codes: K0, D1, I1