bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Washing ‘Hamlin’ Orange on Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Changes During Degreening1
Authors: Jahn Otto L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Hamlin’ oranges were washed by hand or with various mechanical-washer procedures. The latter included variations in washing and brushing time and brush-bristle size. Washing procedures had little effect on subsequent chlorophyll loss during degreening. Carotenoid synthesis was significantly reduced by washing before degreening. These reductions in carotenoid levels were not appreciably affected by changes in washing time or brush-bristle size. Hand-washing oranges with a sponge reduced carotenoid synthesis less than mechanical washing. Carotenoid synthesis was reduced by less brushing than was required to clean the fruit, but “over” brushing had little further effect.
Method of Diplandroid Formation and Yield of Progeny from Reciprocal (4x-2x) Crosses1
Authors: Kidane-Mariam Haile-Michael , Peloquin S. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 6 families of reciprocal crosses involving 3 tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) cultivars (‘Wis. 639’, ‘Merrimack’, and ‘Superior’) and 3 diploid (2n = 2x = 24) Phureja-haploid hybrids (W5293.3, W5295.7, and W5845.1), significantly higher tuber yields were obtained in 1970 in families only when the 2x clone W5295.7 was the female parent. The differences in yield in the progeny of these reciprocal crosses were attributed to the mode of 2n gamete formation, since of the 2x clones used, only W5295.7 forms diplandrous gametes by first division restitution. In 1971 with the same materials at 2 locations, significantly higher tuber yields were obtained only in the progeny of 4x × 2x crosses with W5295.7 as the pollen source. These results agree with the hypothesis that the method of diplandroid (2n pollen) formation is responsible for differences in yields of the progeny from reciprocal crosses. Data agreeing with this hypothesis resulted from reciprocal crosses involving four 4x cultivars (‘Kennebec’, ‘Katahdin’, ‘Platte’, and ‘Wis 231’) and two 2x clones (W5295.7 and W5293.3). The progeny from these reciprocal crosses were tested for yield in 1971 and 1972. Differences in yield from progeny of reciprocal crosses again were obtained only with the 2x clone W5295.7 which forms diplandroids by first division restitution.
Cultivar Ratings for Susceptibility and Resistance to The Leaf Roll—Necrosis Disorder of Lilac1
Authors: Walker J. T. , Hibben C. R. , Allison John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lilacs (Svringa vulgaris L. and other spp.) at 6 locations in Northeastern United States were evaluated over several years for their sensitivity or resistance to urban-generated pollutants responsible for the leaf roll-necrosis disorder. Twenty-three cultivars were classified as slightly injured, 71 were moderately injured, and 5 were severely injured. S. vulgaris cultivars were more sensitive than non-S. vulgaris and interspecific hybrids.
Regeneration of Whole Plants from Isolated Stem Parenchyma Cells of Solanum sisymbriifolium1
Authors: Fassuliotis George 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Embryogenic callus was induced when pith of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. was cultured on Linsmeier-Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with (6-[(3,3-dimethylallyl) amino]-purine) (2iP), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D). Combinations of 2iP and IAA were tested for best growth rate of stock callus cultures. Differentiation of leaflets was induced when explants were grown on LS medium with high concentrations of 2iP and low IAA. Roots were formed upon transfer to Nitsch's medium that contained IAA. Morphologic variations in the leaves and cytological studies of callus-induced plants indicated that they were genetically aberrant. Callus-induced plants retained their resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita.
Seasonal Changes in Origin and Rate of Development of Root Initials in Douglas-fir Stem Cuttings1
Authors: Bhella H. S. , Roberts A. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We determined origin and time required for development of callus and root initials in Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stem cuttings from stained sections. Callus originated principally from the vascular cambium, but phloem and xylem parenchyma also contributed. Continuous cell division, elongation, and differentiation within callus gave rise to root primordia. Once formed, root primordia elongated within 15–30 days.
There was no apparent difference in tissue origin of adventitious roots in stem cuttings collected from sheared juvenile or sheared or non-sheared adult trees during pre-, true, and post-dormancy. Time required for callus formation and root initiation varied with degree of bud dormancy. Rooting was low during pre-, almost none during true, and highest during post-dormancy.
Effect of Ethylene on Carnation Growth1
Authors: Piersol John R. , Hanan Joe J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L) cv Red Sim plants were treated with 100, 300 and 500 ppb C2H4 for varying durations at different growth stages. Carnations treated during rapid elongation (Stage III) were more susceptible to C2H4 than were plants treated at stages of less rapid growth (Stages I and IV). An effective dosage term (ppb-days) was used to correlate C2H4 concentration and exposure length. Although the highest dosages produced the greatest growth reduction, the rate of inhibition was higher at low dosages commonly found in metropolitan areas.
Comparison of Instrumental Methods for Measuring Ripening Changes of Intact Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Jahn Otto L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Instrumental methods evaluated for effectiveness in following color changes in ripening tomato fruit (Lxcopersicon esculentum Mill.) included a light-reflectance and 2 light-transmittance sample systems. Each system was tested with wavelength pairs of 500–595, 540–595, and 595–650 nm. Instrument methods, with appropriate photomultipliers, generally were more sensitive to color changes than were visual observations. The light-transmittance systems were also more sensitive to small changes than the light-reflectance system. However, with all systems, measurements at 595 650 nm were highly correlated with visual color ratings during ripening. Light-transmittance measurements at 540–595 nm were effective in detecting changes at an earlier ripening stage than either reflective or visual observations. Because of complex pigment changes, this measurement increased rapidly during initial ripening stages, and then decreased during later stages, making it more difficult to relate to visual color.
Artificial Lighting and Spacing as Photosynthetic and Yield Factors in Winter Greenhouse Tomato Culture1
Authors: Rodriguez B. P. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Photosynthetic and yield responses of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L., ev. Tuckcross V and Tuckcross 533 supplemental lighting and spacing were studied during the unusually dark winter of 1972–73. Supplemental lighting and wide spacing increased total flowers, % fruit set, fruit size, and total fruits/plant. and contributed to greater early and total fruit yields. The increases were related to increased apparent photosynthetic rate and efficiency. Supplementary top lighting (184 W/m2) increased fruit weight/plant 1107 g/plant (89%) over natural lighting for an increase of 6.0 g/plant for each watt/m2. Supplementary top + side lighting (368 W/m2) increased fruit weight 2853 g/plant (121%), an increase of 7.7 g/plant for each watt/m2.
Maximum fruit yield/plant was obtained with top + side lighting at a spacing of 50.8 × 41 cm in a staggered double row bed. Plant spacing of 38.1 × 41 cm with maximum lighting gave greatest yield/unit area. Photosaturation was not attained bv supplementary lighting.
Chemical Regulation of Sex Expression in a Gynomonoecious Line of Muskmelon1
Authors: Loy J. Brent , Natti Thomas A. , Zack Cheryl D. , Fritts Susan K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Applications of (2-chlorothyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 240 ppm in the greenhouse and at 480 ppm in the field extended the pistillate flowering stage of a gynomonoecious line of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Foliar application of the aminoethoxy analog of rhizobitoxine, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), enhanced staminate and/or perfect flower formation in the gynomonoecious line. The results support the feasibility of using gynomonoecious parents for producing hybrid muskmelons without hand pollinations.
Accumulation of Sodium and Chloride in Leaves of Sprinkler-irrigated Grapes1
Authors: Francois L. E. , Clark R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) were sprinkler-irrigated to determine if they would absorb sufficient sodium and chloride through their leaves to attain toxic levels. The concentration of both Na and Ca within the leaves increased linearly with sprinkling time. Both ions were approaching known tolerance levels after 54 hours of sprinkling. The counter ion of the 3 salt species tested (NaCl, CaCl2, and Na2SO4) had no effect on the amount of sodium or chloride accumulated.
The Mung Bean Rooting Bioassay: A Re-examination1
Authors: Blazich Frank A. , Heuser Charles W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inconsistent results obtained with the mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) rooting bioassay led to a reexamination of procedures. Autoclaving the double distilled water used completely eliminated the inconsistent results, but boiling and filter sterilization were not completely satisfactory. A decrease in rooting of both control and auxin-treated cuttings was noted in seedlings older than 10 and 9 days respectively. Adventitious roots were initiated within 5 days; incubation for 2 additional days did not increase rooting response. Increasing irradiance from 380 to 4080 μW/cm2 decreased rooting of both control and auxin treated cuttings.
Postharvest Wound Healing in Citrus Fruit: Induction of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Injured ‘Valencia’ Orange Flavedo 1
Authors: Ismail M. A. , Brown G. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Healing of minor injuries to ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L) osbeck) occurs rapidly at 30°C and 96-98% relative humidity. It is manifested by a marked increase in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and deposition of lignin. PAL activity is confined mainly to injured flavedo while uninjured peel and albedo tissues exhibit very little activity. Inoculation of injured flavedo, immediately after injury, with P. digitatum sacc. disrupts the increase in PAL activity. When acetone powder from decayed peel was mixed with that of healed injured fruit and enzyme preparation was made from the mixture, there was no apparent reduction in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, except that cuased by dilution. The synthesis of both PAL and lignin in mature fruit is strongly inhibited by cycloheximide, but not by actinomycin D.
Tolerance of 5 Warm-season Turfgrasses and 36 Ornamental Plant Species to Asulam 1
Authors: Neel P. L. , Burt E. O. , Carlyle S. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Methyl sulfanilylcarbamate (asulam) was effective for the selective control of several grassy weeds in established st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze), ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), and ‘Emerald’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella Merr.). Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) and centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophuroides (Munro) Hack.) were severely injured when asulam was used at a rate of 2.24 kg ai/ha. Thirty-six species of ornamental plants were relatively tolerant to foliage applications of asulam at rates of 2.24 and 4.48 kg ai/ha with growth normal on all but 4 ornamental species 22 weeks following treatment.
Pest Control and Phytotoxicity on Indoor Ornamental Plants with Dichlorvos Fumigation 1
Authors: Hamlen R. A. , Henley R. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 20% dichlorvos impregnated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin strip (6.3 × 15.9 × 0.7 cm) per 28.3 m3 interior room significantly reduced the number of mealybugs (Phenacoccus solani Ferris) 48 hour posttreatment. Greenpeach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and twospotted spider mite (Tegranychus urticae Koch) populations were not suppressed. Exposure of pests to a stake label with an attached dichlorvos impregnated PVC strip produced the same effects as the room fumigation test. Placement of a 20% dichlorvos PVC resin strip per 25.4 × 70 cm polyethylene bag with infested plant material for 12 or 24 hr reduced populations of M. persicae, P. solani and T. urticae, however, 3 exposures at 7-day intervals were more effective in maintaining low populations. Fumigation in bags produced phytotoxic effects with specific plants.
Measurement and Variation of Sugar Concentration of Pickling Cucumbers
Authors: McCreight J. D. , Lower R. L. , Pharr D. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper, Measurement and Variation of Sugar Concentration of Pickling Cucumbers by J. D. McCreight, R. L. Lower, and D. M. Pharr (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103(2):145-147. 1978), the first sentence of the introduction should read “Bloating of commercially brined cucumbers results in a 5 million dollar loss each year to the U.S. pickle industry (6).”
Selected Leaf Wax Alkanes in Chemotaxonomy of Citrus1
Authors: Nordby Harold E. , Nagy Steven , Smoot John M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Long-chain alkanes present in epicuticular wax of citrus leaves changed in composition as the leaves matured. From 89 to 95% of the hydrocarbons in the mature leaves were linear, saturated, and C29 to C33 compounds. Alkane profiles changed during the year but were not influenced by the period of leaf flush (spring or fall). The alkane profiles for 67 citrus cultivars, representing 11 citrus biotypes, were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The mean alkane profile of 9 of the bio types were distinct from the others as determined by Duncan's multiple range test, Twelve other citrus and related taxa were examined, and the profile of each showed possible inheritance patterns.
Observation of a Low Temperature Effect on Roses1
Authors: Hanan Joe J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rosa hybrida L. cvs. Forever Yours and Cara Mia, were subjected to split night temperatures from November 1, 1977 to February 8-18, 1978. During the 22 weeks of treatment, split temperatures seriously delayed production and markedly reduced quality. Split temperatures for roses as a means of energy conservation did not appear to be a viable practice. Following the experiment, however, for a 9 week period, after returning night temperatures to 16.7°C, plants in the lowest temperature treatment produced twice as many flowers as compared to the entire previous record with a significant increase in quality and marked increase in bottom shoots. The effect appeared to be cumulative and suggested an inexpensive means for rejuvenating old rose plants.
Endogenous Plant Growth Substances in Developing Fruit of Prunus cerasus L. VI. Cytokinins in Relation to Initial Fruit Development1
Authors: Hopping Murray E. , Young Harry , Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethanolic extracts of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency) fruit were partitioned into butanol and water-soluble fractions. Following paper chromatography, each fraction was tested for cytokinin activity by the radish cotyledon and soybean callus bioassays. Activity in both fractions increased between 14 and 21 days after anthesis, and remained high at 28 days, although cell division in the pericarp had ceased. One growth promotor in the butanol fraction resembled zeatin in its chromatographic mobility on both paper and Sephadex LH-20, and was identified as zeatin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of its trimethylated derivative. A water-soluble growth promoter, which exhibited activity in only the radish cotyledon bioassay, was unaffected either by acid or by alkaline phosphatase hydrolysis.
Seasonal Changes in Stomatal Response to Leaf Water Potential in Apple1
Authors: Lakso Alan N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relationship between stomatal conductance and leaf water potential in field-grown apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) was determined throughout one growing season. Between May and September the leaf water potential required to close stomates decreased (became more negative) by about 25 bars, indicating decreasing sensitivity of the stomates to leaf water stress. A good linear correlation was found between stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis in trees grown under a wide range of water stress conditions. In September net photosynthesis of excised leaves of field trees was not reduced to zero until leaf water potentials reached −50 to −60 bars. The results emphasize the importance of pre-conditioning and time of season in plant water relations studies.
Asexual Embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L.1
Authors: Pence Valerie Creaser , Hasegawa Paul M. , Janick Jules 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cultured immature sexual embryos of Theobroma cacao proliferated asexual embryos, but embryogenesis was not observed from leaf, pericarp, or ovule tissues. Cotyledons from immature, unpigmented embryos (2.5 to 10 mm long) were highly embryognie, while larger more mature, pigmented cotyledons initiated roots as their only form of organized development. Embryogenesis occurred in light and darkness when a basal medium was supplemented with coconut water and 1.5 mg/liter NAA. Proliferated embryos recultured in a liquid medium continued development.
Siberian C Rootstock Delays Bloom of Peach 1
Authors: Young Eric , Brenda Olcott-Reid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Siberian C seedling rootstock delayed the bloom of 3 cultivars of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) as compared to seedling rootstocks Harrow Blood, Lovell, and Halford. Starting about 1 month before bloom, trees on Siberian C developed more slowly than those on other rootstocks as measured by flower bud moisture content. Bloom was delayed 5 days by Siberian C in both 1977 and 1978, with no adverse side effects.
Pecan Yield, Quality, Nutlet Set, and Spring Growth as a Response to Time of Fall Defoliation 1
Authors: Worley Ray E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Defoliation of pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] prior to October 1 prevented nutlet formation the next year in 2 out of 3 years. September defoliation was most damaging to yield, October defoliation was less damaging, and defoliation on November 1 did not reduce yield. Early defoliation delayed bud break the next year and August defoliation reduced nut size. Percentage kernel was reduced when defoliation date moved from August 1 to September 15.
Stomatal Mechanisms Determining Genetic Resistance to Ozone in Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Butler L. Knudson , Tibbitts T. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ozone-sensitive bean cultivars ‘Spurt’ and ‘Blue Lake Stringless’ and the ozone-resistant cultivars ‘Black Turtle Soup’ and ‘French’s Horticultural’ were grown from seed in a growth chamber. The resistant cultivars had 25% fewer stomata per mm2 leaf area than the sensitive cultivars and exhibited partial stomatal closure following exposure to 134 pphm ozone for 1 hr, while the sensitive cultivars did not. Stomatal closure was determined to be more important than reduced stomatal frequency in providing resistance to ozone. On the basis of previously established ozone dose-response data for P. vulgaris, the stomatal mechanisms appeared to account for the difference in ozone sensitivity between the sensitive and resistant cultivars. Neither leaf area nor leaf expansion rate were correlated with genetic resistance to ozone in these cultivars.
Tomato Root Development as Related to Potassium Nutrition 1
Authors: Widder I. E. , Lorenz O. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Determinant cultivars ‘VF 145B-7879’ and ‘VF 109’ of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) develop smaller root systems under field conditions with less root proliferation particularly below 60 cm than semideterminant fresh market cultivars, ‘Early Pak’ and ‘Pearson’. Following fruit set, K concentration in shoots of ‘VF 145’ and ‘VF 109’ decreased from about 4% to below 2% resulting in K deficiency symptoms, whereas no deficiency symptoms were observed in ‘Early Pak’ and ‘Pearson’. The data suggest that the K deficiency condition is due to the inability of the relatively small root systems of the determinant tomato cultivars to absorb K at a rate sufficient to meet the demands of the concentrated fruit set. ‘VF 145’ and ‘VF 109’ compensate for the stress condition by translocating K out of leaves and stems and into fruit as evidenced by a negative rate of accumulation of K in the shoots. They also partition a higher percentage of absorbed K into fruit rather than into continued vegetative growth than ‘Early Pak’ and ‘Pearson’.
Absence of Acidless Progeny from Crosses of Acidless × Acidless Citrus Cultivars 1
Authors: Cameron James W. , Soost Robert K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Titratable acidity and total soluble solids were measured in F1 populations from crosses of an acidless pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] with an acidless orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], an acidless mandarin-lime (C. limonia Osbeck), and an acidless sweet lime (C. limettioides Tan.). No acidless individuals were found among a total of 291 hybrids. Acidity ranges were those which might be expected if acid forms of the orange and the limes had been crossed with the acidless pummelo. In each cross, however, acidities averaged lower than the acidities of some acid cultivars which were compared to the acidless parents. This effect is attributed largely to the influence of the acidless pummelo. Two bud-propagation trees from another acidless orange accession have regularly produced acid fruit at Riverside; this may be the result of cell substitution between histogenic layers. The acidless orange and acidless lime parents may all be chimeral for the acidless factor. Alternatively, the factor in these parents may be different from that in the acidless pummelo. Levels of total soluble solids in the hybrids were mostly within the ranges of the parents, and showed no appreciable relationship to acidity levels.
Flavonoid Chemical Markers in Poinsettia Bracts1
Authors: Asen S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedures for the separation of flavonoids in poinsettia bracts are described. Anthocyanins present were cyanidin 3-galactoside, and the 3-glucosides and 3-rutinosides of cyanidin and pelargonidin. Flavonols present were 3-rhamnosylgalactosides, 3-rhamnosylgluco-sides, 3-galactosides, 3-glucosides, and 3-rhamnosides of quercetin and kaempferol. The use of these chemical markers along with the classical methods for plant identification should help resolve the difficulties of describing new cultivars protected by the plant patent law.
Effect of Photoperiod on Growth Responses of Citrus Rootstocks1
Authors: Warner Robert M. , Worku Zemedu , Silva James A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and various other commonly-used rootstocks, submitted to long-day (LD) of 16 hours, (normal day + 4 hr incandescent light break), normal day (ND) of 12 hours ± 1 hr 10 min and short-day (SD) of 8 hour photoperiods fell into 2 groups—those which responded to LD tratment and those which did not. Rootstocks in the first group, Christianson, Beneke, Pomeroy, Rubidoux and Yamaguchi, trifoliate orange cultivars; Carrizo and Savage citranges [P. trifoliata × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck.]; Sacaton citrumelo [P. trifoliata × C. paradisi Macf.]. Hawaiian sweet orange (C. sinensis) and Milam lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), responded strongly to LD treatments in shoot growth and stem diameter. Rootstocks less responsive to photoperiod include Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshi Hort. ex Tan.), Estes lemon, (C. jambhiri), Troyer citrange, Swingle citrumelo, C. macrophylla Webster, C. taiwanica Tan. and Shin and C. volkameriana Pasq. This second group was considered better adapted to tropical conditions because they made better growth under SD conditions.