bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new terahertz source from the wave particle duality mechanism
Authors: Deng James T. Q. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe terahertz source (THz) is basically the electromagnetic wave radiation source generated by using the energy level transitions and photoelectric quantum effects in special materials such as semiconductors or crystals, also with practical realizations by super‐surface technologies and micro‐structure arrays. Quantization hypothesis and wave particle duality are the two core basic hypotheses in the quantum theory, which have been widely used in sciences and technologies for a century, with basing on Planck's blackbody radiation law and the upgraded photoelectric double slit experiment. For the first time, the ‘quantized wave particle duality equation’ is derived and expressed by a way of physical and mathematical formulas, and accompanied by a full interpretation of the related physical laws. From now on, they are no longer the premise hypothesis of quantum theory, but the inevitable conclusion. Based on this revealed physical mechanism and the model of photoelectric double slit experiment, a new concept of THz and quantum wave generator from the wave particle duality mechanism are proposed and investigated theoretically and experimentally for other possibilities and technical implementation routes of different kinds of terahertz sources.
CHANG-ES
Authors: Stein M. , Heesen V. , Dettmar R.-J. , Stein Y. , Brüggen M. , Beck R. , Adebahr B. , Wiegert T. , Vargas C. J. , Bomans D. J. , Li J. , English J. , Chyży K. T. , Paladino R. , Tabatabaei F. S. , Strong A. 
Published: December 2022

Context. Galactic winds play a key role in regulating the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time. In recent years, the role of cosmic rays (CRs) in the formation of the galactic wind has increasingly gained attention. Therefore, we use radio continuum data to analyse the CR transport in edge-on galaxies.
Aims. With newly reduced radio continuum data of five edge-on galaxies (NGC 891, NGC 3432, NGC 4013, NGC 4157, and NGC 4631), we plan to set new constraints on the morphology of radio halos and the physical properties of galactic winds driven by stellar feedback. By distinguishing between the central and outer regions of the galaxies, our study setup allows us to search for variations in the radio halo profile or CR transport along the galactic disk.
Methods. Data from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) Data Release 2 at 144 MHz (HBA) and reprocessed data from the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.5 GHz (L band) from the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies – an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES) enable us to increase the extent of the analysed radio continuum profile significantly (up to a factor of 2) compared to previous studies. We computed thermal emission maps using a mixture approach with Hα and near-infrared data, which were then subtracted to yield radio synchrotron emission maps. Then we compiled non-thermal spectral index maps and computed intensity profiles using a box integration approach. Lastly, we performed 1D CR transport modelling.
Results. The non-thermal spectral index maps show evidence that the LoTSS maps are affected by thermal absorption in star-forming regions. The scale height analysis reveals that most of the galaxies are equally well fitted with a one-component instead of a two-component exponential profile. We find a bi-modality within our sample. While NGC 3432 and NGC 4013 have similar scale heights in the L band and HBA, the low-frequency scale heights of NGC 891, NGC 4157, and NGC 4631 exceed their high-frequency counterpart significantly. The 1D CR transport modelling shows agreement between the predicted magnetic field strength and the magnetic field strength estimates of equipartition measurements. Additionally, we find an increasing difference in wind velocities (with increasing height over the galactic disk) between the central and outer regions of the analysed galaxies.
A spectroscopic multiplicity survey of Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars
Authors: Dsilva K. , Shenar T. , Sana H. , Marchant P. 
Published: December 2022

Context. Massive stars are powerful cosmic engines that have a huge impact on their surroundings and host galaxies. The majority of massive stars will interact with a companion star during their evolution. The effects of this interaction on their end-of-life products are currently poorly constrained. In the phases immediately preceding core-collapse, massive stars in the Galaxy with Mi ≳ 20 M⊙ may appear as classical Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. The multiplicity properties of the WR population are thus required to further our understanding of stellar evolution at the upper-mass end.
Aims. As the final contribution of a homogeneous radial velocity (RV) survey, this work aims to constrain the multiplicity properties of northern Galactic late-type nitrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet (WNL) stars. We compare their intrinsic binary fraction and orbital period distribution to the carbon-rich (WC) and early-type nitrogen-rich (WNE) populations from previous works.
Methods. We obtained high-resolution spectra of the complete magnitude-limited sample of 11 Galactic WNL stars with the Mercator telescope on the island of La Palma. We used cross-correlation with a log-likelihood framework to measure relative RVs and flagged binary candidates based on the peak-to-peak RV dispersion. By using Monte Carlo sampling and a Bayesian framework, we computed the three-dimensional likelihood and one-dimensional posteriors for the upper period cut-off (log PmaxWNL), power-law index (πWNL), and intrinsic binary fraction (fintWNL).
Results. Adopting a threshold C of 50 km s−1, we derived fobsWNL   =  0.36  ±  0.15. Our Bayesian analysis produces fintWNL = 0.42−0.17+0.15, πWNL
= −0.70−1.02+0.73 and log PmaxWNL = 4.90−3.40+0.09 for the parent WNL population. The combined analysis of the Galactic WN population results in fintWN  = 0.52−0.12+0.14, πWN
= −0.99−0.50+0.57 and log PmaxWN = 4.99−1.11+0.00. The observed period distribution of Galactic WN and WC binaries from the literature is in agreement with what is found.
Conclusions. The period distribution of Galactic WN binaries peaks at P ∼ 1–10 d and that of the WC population at P ∼ 5000 d. This shift cannot be reconciled by orbital evolution due to mass loss or mass transfer. At long periods, the evolutionary sequence O (→LBV) → WN → WC seems feasible. The high frequency of short-period WN binaries compared to WC binaries suggests that they either tend to merge, or that the WN components in these binaries rarely evolve into WC stars in the Galaxy.
Measurement system for ion beam profiles using fixed parallel wires and Faraday cup array
Authors: Rawat Bharat Singh , Sharma S. K , Choksi B. , Prahlad V. , Baruah U. K. 
Published: December 2022

The radial profiles of ion current density are measured using a combination of two techniques—fixed parallel wires and a Faraday cup array—in a ring cusp ion source. These measurements are carried out for Ar+ ion beam current in the range of 20–90 mA and energy in the range of 850–1650 eV. Current density profiles near the extraction plane of the ion source are obtained by Abel inversion of the profiles of current measured using the parallel wires. In addition, the Faraday cup array provides radial profiles of ion current density at two different locations along the beam axis. A numerical model is developed and utilized for estimating the beam divergence and focal length from the profiles of ion current density measured using the two techniques. A fixed parallel wire array is established as an effective method for monitoring the ion beam profiles close to the ion source's extraction plane when the ion beam is utilized for other applications. The performance of the two measurement techniques is compared by estimating the ion beam current from the measurement of ion current density with the beam current measured from the power supply.
Design and experimental study of piezoelectric driven flexible Braille contacts
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Tongyu , Liu Jinlong , Sun Yuze , Wang Hu , Tian Xiaochao 
Published: December 2022

A new flexible contact structure using the principle of air pressure amplification is proposed to enable better access to information for the blind. First, the structure and working principle of piezoelectric flexible Braille contacts were designed and analyzed, and the theoretical model of air pressure amplification and theoretical expressions were established. Then the gas–solid coupling simulation analysis was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software to derive the influencing factors of the system flexible contact amplification and the degree of influence of different gases on the contact output displacement, and the structure of flexible Braille contacts was tested experimentally. The experimental results show that when the diameter of the air cavity is 24 mm, the height of the cavity is 6 mm, the thickness of the flexible film is 0.1 mm, the contact height is 2 mm, the input voltage is 135 V, the resonance frequency reaches 196.5 Hz, the maximum output displacement of the piezoelectric flexible Braille contact is 0.286 mm, and the point display effect of the Braille contact is more significant, which verifies the feasibility of the device.
Étude de trois variantes de l’interrogation totale en français
Authors: Guryev Alexander , Delafontaine François 
Published: December 2022

Résumé
Il est traditionnellement considéré qu’en français l’emploi des interrogatives dépend de valeurs
sociolinguistiques. Nous discuterons ici d’une approche alternative en termes de ‘potentiel interactif’, concept défini comme la
capacité pour des structures grammaticales de faciliter l’échange verbal entre interactants. Notre analyse de 1659 structures
interrogatives totales en provenance du Corpus suisse de SMS (Stark, Ueberwasser & Ruef 2009–2015) suggère qu’il est notamment possible de distinguer deux classes de structures : (i) les variantes ‘fortes’ à
‘haut potentiel interactif’ : leur usage est plus adapté aux besoins généraux des interactants dans le contexte d’une
communication informelle ; (ii) les variantes ‘faibles’ avec un ‘potentiel interactif bas’ ou ‘moyen’ : leur emploi se restreint à
des types spécifiques de contextes discursifs et de constructions syntaxiques.
Meloidogyne minor Karssen et al. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: December 2022

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for Meloidogyne minor Karssen et al. Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae. Hosts: potato (
Solanum tueum
) tomato (
S. lycopersicum
), also turfgrasses such as Lolium perenne and Agrostis stolonifera.
Terahertz all metallic perfect absorber for refractive index sensing and glucose concentration detection
Authors: Barzegar-Parizi Saeedeh , Ebrahimi Amir 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A metallic perfect electromagnetic absorber with a simple design at terahertz frequencies is presented in this paper. The designed absorber consists of two-dimensional arrays of square cavities terminated with a conducting layer acting as a back reflector. Through a proper design of the unit cell dimensions, a very narrow resonance band with perfect absorption amplitude is achieved at THz frequencies. The designed absorber shows 0.052% fractional bandwidth with more than 90% absorption around the center frequency of 0.4978 THz with a quality factor of Q = 1920. The proposed structure can be used as a sensor to detect the refractive index of different materials with a sensitivity of 0.32 THz per refractive index unit (THz/RIU) and normalized sensitivity of 0.64 (1/RIU) resulting in figure-of-Merit (FOM) of 1230 (1/RIU). The designed absorber has potential applications in identifying biological samples as well. The results show that the sensor can be used to detect glucose concentration with an average sensitivity of 2.6 (THz/(mol l−1)).
Primordial black holes and gravitational waves from dissipation during inflation
Authors: Ballesteros Guillermo , García Marcos A.G. , Pérez Rodríguez Alejandro , Pierre Mathias , Rey Julián 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study the generation of a localized peak in the primordial spectrum of curvature perturbations from a transient dissipative phase during inflation, leading to a large population of primordial black holes. The enhancement of the power spectrum occurs due to stochastic thermal noise sourcing curvature fluctuations. We solve the stochastic system of Einstein equations for many realizations of the noise and obtain the distribution for the curvature power spectrum. We then propose a method to find its expectation value using a deterministic system of differential equations. In addition, we find a single stochastic equation whose analytic solution helps to understand the main features of the spectrum. Finally, we derive a complete expression and a numerical estimate for the energy density of the stochastic background of gravitational waves induced at second order in perturbation theory. This includes the gravitational waves induced during inflation, during the subsequent radiation epoch and their mixing. Our scenario provides a novel way of generating primordial black hole dark matter with a peaked mass distribution and a detectable stochastic background of gravitational waves from inflation.
Superradiance in stars: non-equilibrium approach to damping of fields in stellar media
Authors: Chadha-Day F. , Garbrecht B. , McDonald J.I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuperradiance in black holes is well-understood but a general treatment for superradiance in stars has until now been lacking. This is surprising given the ease with which we can observe isolated neutron stars and the array of signatures which would result from stellar superradiance. In this work, we present the first systematic pipeline for computing superradiance rates in rotating stars. Our method can be used with any Lagrangian describing the interaction between the superradiant field and the constituents of the star. Our scheme falls into two parts: firstly we show how field theory at finite density can be used to express the absorption of long wavelength modes into the star in terms of microphsyical scattering processes. This allows us to derive a damped equation of motion for the bosonic field. We then feed this into an effective theory for long wavelengths (the so-called worldline formalism) to describe the amplification of superradiant modes of arbitrary multipole moment for a rapidly rotating star. Our method places stellar superradiance on a firm theoretical footing and allows the calculation of the superradiance rate arising from any interaction between a bosonic field and stellar matter.
Tixagevimab Plus Cilgavimab Does Not Affect the Interpretation of Electrophoretic and Free Light Chain Assays
Authors: Baloda Vandana , McCreary Erin K , Goscicki Breana K , Shurin Michael R , Wheeler Sarah E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
There is concern that the anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, used as preexposure prophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma, may appear as a detectable monoclonal protein by electrophoretic methods, resulting in misinterpretation or inability to measure therapeutic responses in some patients. In this pilot study, we characterize the effect of tixagevimab plus cilgavimab (Evusheld; T + C) on interpretation of serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), and serum free light chain (sFLC) assays.

Methods
We performed spiking experiments with T + C at serum maximum concentration following a 300-mg dose (1× Cmax) and at 10 times the concentration of Cmax (10× Cmax) with pooled serum samples. SPE and IFE technical procedures were performed on the SPIFE 3000, and sFLC and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subtype quantitation was performed on the Optilite.

Results
T + C–associated interference was not visible as an M-spike in normogammaglobulinemic pooled samples. Hypogammaglobulemic pooled samples at 10× Cmax demonstrated an M-spike in SPE and immunoglobulin Gκ pattern in IFE. No increases were noted in the results of sFLC or IgG1 levels.

Conclusions
This study indicates that T + C at pharmacologic Cmax is unlikely to interfere with SPE, IFE, sFLC, or IgG1 analyses when spiked into patient serum samples, but further evaluation of recently injected patients may be warranted.
A Validated UHPLC–MS/MS Method for Determination of Nalbuphine in Human Plasma and Application for Pharmacokinetic Study of Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia
Authors: Gao Xiaonan , Nie Xuyang , Gao Jinglin , Heng Tianfang , Zhang Yuqi , Hua Li , Sun Yaqi , Feng Zhangying , Jia Li , Wang Mingxia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nalbuphine was a semisynthetic opioid analgesic widely used in the treatment of both acute and chronic pain. We developed and validated a rapid, simple and sensitive method by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of nalbuphine in human plasma, and we reported the pharmacokinetic features of patients during general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. Sample separation was achieved on a Kinetex Phenyl-Hexyl column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) after simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 3 mM of ammonium acetate aqueous solution with 0.1% formic acid. Gradient elution was used in 4.5 min with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min at 40°C. MS detection using AB Sciex QTRAP 5500 mass spectrometer was characterized by electrospray ionization for positive ions in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Quantitative ion pairs were m/z 358.4 → 340.1 for nalbuphine and m/z 340.0 → 268.3 for nalmefene, which were used as the internal standard (IS). The calibration curves showed good linearity (r2&gt;0.99) over concentration range of 0.1–500 ng/mL. The intra-and inter-batch precisions were within 10.67%, and accuracy ranged from 94.07 to 105.34%. The IS–normalized matrix factors were 1.02–1.03 with RSD% (≤5.82%). The recoveries ranged from 101.09 to 106.30%. In conclusion, a rapid, simple, sensitive and economical analytical method was developed and validated to detect the concentration in plasma samples obtained from patients receiving nalbuphine intravenous injection and was successfully applicated to human pharmacokinetic studies of nalbuphine.
Practical approaches to building up a cardiorenal clinic
Authors: de la Espriella Rafael , Marcos Marta Cobo , Ronco Claudio , Banerjee Debasish , González Miguel , Górriz José Luis , Quiroga Borja , Soler María José , Díez Javier , Núñez Julio 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The population with concomitant heart and kidney disease (often termed ‘cardiorenal’ disease) is expected to grow, significantly impacting public health and healthcare utilization. Moreover, the cardiorenal nexus encompasses a bidirectional relationship that worsens prognosis and may complicate pharmacological management in often elderly and frail patients. Therefore, a more cohesive multidisciplinary team approach aiming to provide holistic, coordinated and specialized care would be a positive shift towards improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare resources. This article aims to define the organizational aspects and key elements for setting up a multidisciplinary cardiorenal clinical program as a potential healthcare model adapted to the particular characteristics of patients with cardiorenal disease.
Unfavourable outcomes in patients with heart failure with higher preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Ohte Nobuyuki , Kikuchi Shohei , Iwahashi Noriaki , Kinugasa Yoshiharu , Dohi Kaoru , Takase Hiroyuki , Masai Kumiko , Inoue Katsuji , Okumura Takahiro , Hachiya Kenta , Kitada Shuichi , Seo Yoshihiro ,   EASY HFpEF Investigators, Ohte Nobuyuki , Kikuchi Shohei , Iwahashi Noriaki , Kinugasa Yoshiharu , Dohi Kaoru , Takase Hiroyuki , Masai Kumiko , Inoue Katsuji , Okumura Takahiro , Hachiya Kenta , Kitada Shuichi , Seo Yoshihiro , Murohara Toyoaki , Iwano Hiroyuki , Murata Mitsushige , Yamada Hirotsugu , Kusunose Kenya , Iwataki Mai , Sugiura Emiyo , Yuda Satoshi , Suzuki Takeshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsNewly introduced drugs for heart failure (HF) have been reported to improve the prognosis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the lower range of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We hypothesized that a higher LVEF is related to an unfavourable prognosis in patients with HFpEF.Methods and resultsWe tested this hypothesis by analysing the data from a prospective multicentre cohort study in 255 patients admitted to the hospital due to decompensated HF (LVEF &gt; 40% at discharge). The primary endpoint of this study was a composite outcome of all-cause death and readmission due to HF, and the secondary endpoint was readmission due to HF. LVEF and the mitral E/e′ ratio were measured using echocardiography. In multicovariate parametric survival time analysis, LVEF [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.046 per 1% increase, P = 0.001], concurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) (HR = 3.203, P &lt; 0.001), and E/e′ (HR = 1.083 per 1.0 increase, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly correlated with the primary endpoint. In addition to these covariates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use was significantly correlated with the secondary endpoint (HR = 0.451, P = 0.008). Diagnostic performance plot analysis demonstrated that the discrimination threshold value for LVEF that could identify patients prone to reaching the primary endpoint was ≥57.2%. The prevalence of AF or E/e′ ratio did not differ significantly between patients with LVEF ≥ 58% and with 40% &lt; LVEF &lt; 58%.ConclusionA higher LVEF is independently related to poor prognosis in patients with HFpEF, in addition to concurrent AF and an elevated E/e′ ratio. ACEI/ARB use, in contrast, was associated with improved prognosis, especially with regard to readmission due to HF.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htmUnique identifierUMIN000017725
Why do gendered divisions of labour persist? Parental leave take-up among adoptive and biological parents
Authors: Moberg Ylva , van der Vleuten Maaike 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMothers’ longer time out of the labour market due to parental leave has been proposed as one of the main determinants of the gender pay gap. This study focuses on the mechanisms behind the gendered division of care after entering parenthood. By comparing paid parental leave use of biological parents (where mothers gave birth) to adoptive parents (where they did not), we assess to what extend the unequal division of care can be explained by physiological aspects of motherhood or if other explanations, like gender norms or financial motives, can explain these differences. We analyse Swedish register data from 1994 to 2009 on couples whose first child was biological (N = 114,479) or adopted (N = 5,467) (between-family comparisons) and for families who had both adopted and biological children (within-family comparisons; N = 1,033). We find highly similar patterns in the division, length, and timing of parental leave for biological and adoptive children. Both biological and adoptive mothers take the majority of leave (78–82 per cent), the longest leave, and the first leave period. We conclude that persistent norms of mothers as caregivers/homemakers and fathers as breadwinners shape parents’ use of parental leave to a greater extent than factors related to biological motherhood or financial motives.