bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soziale Lage, Muster in der Präventionsnutzung und kindliche Entwicklung – eine Clusteranalyse im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchung
Authors: Götz Simon , Kreffter Katharina , Weyers Simone 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kinder aus Familien in benachteiligten sozialen Lagen nutzen Präventionsangebote seltener und haben häufiger Defizite in der Entwicklung als sozial besser gestellte Kinder. Vernetzte Unterstützung und Beratung in Form von Präventionsketten sollen dem entgegenwirken. Deren individuellen Nutzungsmuster sind bislang kaum untersucht.

Fragestellung
Die Studie untersucht, ob sich Muster der Präventionsnutzung beobachten lassen und ob diese mit der sozialen Lage und der kindlichen Entwicklung verknüpft sind.

Material und Methoden
Dies wurde anhand von Befragungsdaten zur Präventionsnutzung analysiert, die in der Schuleingangsuntersuchung bei 6480 Kindern erhoben wurden. Mit einer hierarchischen Clusteranalyse wurden zunächst Cluster ähnlicher Präventionsnutzung identifiziert. Mit Poisson-Regressionsanalysen („rate ratios“, 95 %-Konfidenzintervall) wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen den Clustern und ausgewählten Merkmalen der sozialen Lage sowie der Häufigkeit auffälliger Befunde (altersgemäße Entwicklung, Gewicht, Aufmerksamkeit, Körperkoordination, Verhalten) untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden drei Muster identifiziert: eines mit starker Nutzung (aktives Cluster), eines mit geringer Nutzung (passives Cluster) und eine Mischform mit Teilnahme an einer Kindergartenuntersuchung (KU) und mittlerer Präventionsnutzung (KU-Cluster). Das KU-Cluster hat den höchsten, das aktive Cluster den geringsten Anteil von Kindern in einer benachteiligten sozialen Lage. Im KU-Cluster und im passiven Cluster zeigen sich häufiger auffällige Befunde als im aktiven Cluster.

Schlussfolgerung
Im KU-Cluster zeigt sich eine höhere Nutzung von Präventionsangeboten als man im Hinblick auf die soziale Lage der Kinder erwarten würde. In kommunalen Präventionsketten könnte die KU daher eine Lotsenfunktion erfüllen.
Policy Feedback and Government Responsiveness in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Busemeyer Marius R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the transferability of policy feedback and responsiveness theories. These theories have enjoyed a great deal of scholarly interest in the past years and are widely applied in different country contexts. However, this theory transfer tends to be more focused on the empirical challenges while neglecting the fact that it also involves normative implications about representative democracy. These implications, I argue, are strongly influenced by the real-world example of the United States, where the theories were originally developed. More specifically, I contend that bringing in theoretical approaches that are more influenced by European experiences such as neocorporatism and party difference theory affects the depiction of the role of interest groups and party government in policy feedback and responsiveness theories. I conclude by highlighting the contours of an empirical research agenda that might further elaborate on these issues.
Transforming environmental governance: critical action intellectuals and their praxis in the field
Authors: Ojha Hemant , Nightingale Andrea J. , Gonda Noémi , Muok Benard Oula , Eriksen Siri , Khatri Dil , Paudel Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, widespread concern has emerged over how environmental governance can be transformed to avoid impending catastrophes such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and livelihood insecurity. A variety of approaches have emerged, focusing on either politics, technological breakthrough, social movements, or macro-economic processes as the main drivers of change. In contrast, this paper presents theoretical insights about how systemic change in environmental governance can be triggered by critical and intellectually grounded social actors in specific contexts of environment and development. Conceptualising such actors as critical action intellectuals (CAI), we analyze how CAI emerge in specific socio-environmental contexts and contribute to systemic change in governance. CAI trigger transformative change by shifting policy discourse, generating alternative evidence, and challenging dominant policy assumptions, whilst aiming to empower marginalized groups. While CAI do not work in a vacuum, nor are the sole force in transformation, we nevertheless show that the praxis of CAI within fields of environmental governance has the potential to trigger transformation. We illustrate this through three cases of natural resource governance in Nepal, Nicaragua and Guatemala, and Kenya, where the authors themselves have engaged as CAI. We contribute to theorising the ‘how’ of transformation by showing the ways CAI praxis reshape fields of governance and catalyze transformation, distinct from, and at times complementary to, other dominant drivers such as social movements, macroeconomic processes or technological breakthroughs.
Numerical investigation of the clinched joint loadings considering the initial pre-strain in the joining area
Authors: Martin Sven , Bielak Christian R. , Bobbert Mathias , Tröster Thomas , Meschut Gerson 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe components of a body in white consist of many individual thin-walled sheet metal parts, which usually are manufactured in deep-drawing processes. In general, the conditions in a deep-drawing process change due to changing tribology conditions, varying degrees of spring back, or scattering material properties in the sheet blanks, which affects the resulting pre-strain. Mechanical joining processes, especially clinching, are influenced by these process-related pre-strains. The final geometric shape of a clinched joint is affected to a significant level by the prior material deformation when joining with constant process parameters. That leads to a change in the stiffness and force transmission in the clinched joint due to the different geometric dimensions, such as interlock, neck thickness and bottom thickness, which directly affect the load bearing capacity. Here, the influence of the pre-straining in the deep drawing process on the force distribution in clinch points in an automotive assembly is investigated by finite-element models numerically. In further studies, the results are implemented in an optimization tool for designing clinched components. The methodology starts with a pre-straining of metal sheets. This step is followed by 2D rotationally symmetric forming simulations of the joining process. The resulting mesh of each forming simulation is rotated and 3D models are obtained. The clinched joint solid model with pre-strains is used further to determine the joint stiffnesses. With the simulation of the same test set-up with an equivalent point-connector model, the equivalent stiffness for each pre-strain combination is determined. Simulations are performed on a clinched component to assess the influence of pre-strain and sheet thinning on the clinched joint loadings by using the equivalent stiffnesses. The investigations clearly show that for the selected component, the loadings at the clinch points are dependent on the sheet thinning and the stiffnesses due to pre-strain. The magnitude of the influence varies depending on the quantity considered. For example, the shear force is more sensitive to the joint stiffness than to the sheet thinning.
Optimal pricing for electricity retailers based on data-driven consumers’ price-response
Authors: Pérez-Santalla Román , Carrión Miguel , Ruiz Carlos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the present work, we tackle the problem of finding the optimal price tariff to be set by a risk-averse electric retailer participating in the pool and whose customers are price sensitive. We assume that the retailer has access to a sufficiently large smart-meter dataset from which it can statistically characterize the relationship between the tariff price and the demand load of its clients. Three different models are analyzed to predict the aggregated load as a function of the electricity prices and other parameters, as humidity or temperature. More specifically, we train linear regression (predictive) models to forecast the resulting demand load as a function of the retail price. Then, we will insert this model in a quadratic optimization problem which evaluates the optimal price to be offered. This optimization problem accounts for different sources of uncertainty including consumer’s response, pool prices and renewable source availability, and relies on a stochastic and risk-averse formulation. In particular, one important contribution of this work is to base the scenario generation and reduction procedure on the statistical properties of the resulting predictive model. This allows us to properly quantify (data-driven) not only the expected value but the level of uncertainty associated with the main problem parameters. Moreover, we consider both standard forward-based contracts and the recently introduced power purchase agreement contracts as risk-hedging tools for the retailer. The results are promising as profits are found for the retailer with highly competitive prices and some possible improvements are shown if richer datasets could be available in the future. A realistic case study and multiple sensitivity analyses have been performed to characterize the risk-aversion behavior of the retailer considering price-sensitive consumers. It has been assumed that the energy procurement of the retailer can be satisfied from the pool and different types of contracts. The obtained results reveal that the risk-aversion degree of the retailer strongly influences contracting decisions, whereas the price sensitiveness of consumers has a higher impact on the selling price offered.
A mesh morphing computational method for geometry optimization of assembled mechanical systems with flexible components
Authors: Calì Michele , Ambu Rita 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper an interactive computational methodology was developed assuming that shape and size optimization of flexible components can significantly improve energy absorption or storage ability in assembled systems with flexible components (AS-FC). A radial basis functions mesh morphing formulation in non-linear numerical finite element analysis, including contact problems and flow interaction, was adopted as optimal design method to optimize shape and size design parameters in AS-FC. Flexible components were assembled in finite element environment according to functional ISO-ASME tolerances specification; non-linear structural analysis with flow interaction analysis was performed. The results of the study showed that the proposed method allows to optimize the shape and size of the flexible components in AS-FC maximizing the system's ability to absorb or store energy. The potentiality of the method and its forecasting capability were discussed for the case study of an automotive crash shock in which the specific energy absorption was increased by over 40%. The case studied refers to a simple flexible component geometry, but the method could be extended to systems with more complex geometries.
Invertibility of Frame Operators on Besov-Type Decomposition Spaces
Authors: Romero José Luis , van Velthoven Jordy Timo , Voigtlaender Felix 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe derive an extension of the Walnut–Daubechies criterion for the invertibility of frame operators. The criterion concerns general reproducing systems and Besov-type spaces. As an application, we conclude that $$L^2$$

L
2

frame expansions associated with smooth and fast-decaying reproducing systems on sufficiently fine lattices extend to Besov-type spaces. This simplifies and improves recent results on the existence of atomic decompositions, which only provide a particular dual reproducing system with suitable properties. In contrast, we conclude that the $$L^2$$

L
2

canonical frame expansions extend to many other function spaces, and, therefore, operations such as analyzing using the frame, thresholding the resulting coefficients, and then synthesizing using the canonical dual frame are bounded on these spaces.
Application of geostatistical techniques in the assessment of groundwater contamination in the Afigya Kwabre District of Ghana
Authors: Agyemang Victor Ofori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGeostatistical techniques have been applied to successfully assess the groundwater quality in the Afigya Kwabre District of Ghana. Forty boreholes were sampled for physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics of the groundwater. Principal component analysis revealed that seven components contain 81.01% of the variation of the original variables. Factor 1 accounted for 31.34% of the total variance, factor 2 accounted for 10.97%, third and fourth factors explained 8.41% and 8.19%, the fifth factor showed 8.13% while the sixth and seventh components showed 7.76% and 6.21% variances, respectively. R-mode cluster analysis showed five clusters. Cluster 1 was made of Na+, Cl−, TH, SiO2, HCO3− and TDS. Cluster 2 and cluster 3 contained dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, K+ and F−, Br, respectively. Cluster 4 was made of PO43− and NO3−and Cluster 5 had Ca2+, Mg2+, Total. coli, Fecal. coli, SO42−, and salinity. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between EC and TDS, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn, Na+, TH, HCO3−; pH and Ca2+, HCO3−; Mg2+ and Ca2+, Na+, TH, HCO3−, Fe; Ca2+ and Na+, TH, HCO3−; Cu and PO43−; Mn and Na+; F− and SO42− as well as NO3− and PO43−. The study revealed the impact of both natural processes such as rock mineral weathering, ion exchange, and anthropogenic activities such as application of agrochemicals on farmlands and improper waste disposal on the geochemistry of the groundwater. Generally, the groundwater in the District has a low pH. However, it is generally suitable for domestic use with exception of a few samples with high Fe, F-, Pb concentrations and Escherichia coliform and fecal coliform contaminations. The study has shown that the geostatistical technique is useful in determining the state of water contamination, the extent of contamination, and possible source of contaminants, as well as presenting a guideline for effective groundwater resource management.
Regression modeling for laminar flow of herschel–barkley fluids in the concentric elliptical annulus
Authors: Tang Ming , Kong Linghao , He Shiming , Zhang Guangfu , Li Huajun , He Lang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeep fractured formations have poor pressure-bearing capacity and a narrow safety drilling fluids density window, leading to high risk of well control. Accurate prediction of annulus pressure drop is great significance to the safe drilling of deep fractured formations. Conventional annulus pressure drop predictions are mostly based on regular circular annulus but elliptical annulus are easily formed due to the rock structure, mechanical properties and heterogeneity of ground stress. In order to accurately and conveniently predict the pressure drop of the Herschel–Barkley (H–B) fluids laminar flow in the concentric annulus of elliptical wellbore (CAEW), an analytical model based on the assumption of narrow-slot flow was established and solved by considering the flow core in this paper. We found that the flow pattern index, the proportion of inner and outer diameter and the proportion of the major and minor axes were the main influencing factors through analysis. On this basis, a new method for predicting pressure drop of the H-B fluids in the CAEW was established. It was found that the new regression model was in excellent agreement with the analytical and numerical models, with most of the error bars within ± 10%, indicating that the regression model could accurately predict the dimensionless pressure gradient in the CAEW without complex mathematic method.
Efficiency assessment using fuzzy production possibility set and enhanced Russell Graph measure
Authors: Arana-Jiménez Manuel , Sánchez-Gil M. Carmen , Lozano Sebastián , Younesi Atefeh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the efficiency assessment of Decision Making Units (DMUs) when their inputs and outputs are fuzzy sets. An axiomatic derivation of the fuzzy production possibility set is presented and a fuzzy enhanced Russell graph measure is formulated using a fuzzy arithmetic approach. The proposed approach uses polygonal fuzzy sets and LU-fuzzy partial orders, and provides crisp efficiency measures (and associated efficiency ranking) as well as fuzzy efficient targets. The proposed approach has been compared with other fuzzy DEA approaches on different datasets from the literature, and the results show that it has more discriminant power and more flexibility in modelling the input and output data.
Adsorption and desorption of Cd in reclaimed soil under the influence of humic acid: characteristics and mechanisms
Authors: Zheng Yonghong , Zhang Zhiguo , Chen Yongchun , An Shikai , Zhang Lei , Chen Fangling , Ma Chengnan , Weiqing CAi  
Published: February 2022

AbstractExogenous humus can change the content and migration activity of cadmium (Cd) in soil. Humic acid (HA) is an important soluble humus component in soil. In order to explore the relationship between cadmium pollution mechanism and ecological environment of humic acid in reclaimed soil, the characteristics of humic acid adsorbing cadmium in alkaline conditions were studied. This study employed reclaimed soil from the Huainan mining area, China. The adsorption and desorption characteristics as well as influence mechanisms on the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) were explored under the influence of HA. The results show that: (1) When Cd concentration was low (0.2–10 mg/L), HA had little effect on Cd adsorption and desorption in reclaimed soil. When the Cd concentration was high (15–80 mg/L), HA had a great influence on the adsorption and desorption of Cd in reclaimed soil. The addition of HA can inhibit the adsorption of Cd by reclaimed soil and effectively improve the desorption capacity of Cd by reclaimed soil. (2) The kinetic curves of Cd adsorption and desorption of reclaimed soil with added HA show that both processes (adsorption and desorption) include two stages: rapid reaction and slow reaction. The adsorption of Cd by reclaimed soil under the influence of HA was 18.18% lower than that of normal reclaimed soil, and the increase of Cd desorption was 50.29%. (3) The factors affecting the adsorption and desorption of Cd in the soil were analyzed with gray theory, and their importance can be ordered as follows: Cd concentration > HA concentration > pH > temperature. Considering the influence of HA, a multi-factor coupling function model of adsorption and desorption of Cd in soil is established. This model provides theoretical guidance for the scientific prediction and evaluation of Cd environmental pollution risks in soil and will be useful for developing a new solution for engineering remediation of high concentration Cd contaminated soil.
That’s None of Your Business! On the Limits of Employer Control of Employee Behavior Outside of Working Hours
Authors: Lister Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmployers seeking to control employee behavior outside of working hours is nothing new. However, recent developments have extended efforts to control employee behavior into new areas, with new significance. Employers seek to control legal behavior by employees outside of working hours, to have significant influence over employees’ health-related behavior, and to monitor and control employees’ social media, even when this behavior has nothing to do with the workplace. In this article, I draw on the work of political theorists Jon Elster, Gerald Gaus, and Michael Walzer, and privacy scholars Daniel Solove and Anita Allen, to show what is wrong with this extension of employer control of employees’ outside of work behavior. I argue that there are ethical limits on the controls that employers may put on their employees’ behavior outside of work, and that many of these limits should be enshrined into legal protections which would prevent employers from conditioning employment on the regulations criticized.
Predictors of Mechanical Ventilation in Guillain–Barré Syndrome with Axonal Subtypes
Authors: Michel-Chávez Anaclara , Chiquete Erwin , Gulías-Herrero Alfonso , Carrillo-Pérez Diego Luis , Olivas-Martínez Antonio , Macías-Gallardo Julio , Aceves-Buendía José de Jesús , Ruiz-Ruiz Eduardo , Bliskunova Tatiana , Portillo-Valle Jennefer , Cobilt-Catana Rafael , Ortiz-Quezada Jorge Alberto , Durán-Coyote Salvador , Rodríguez-Perea Elizabeth , Aguilar-Salas Emmanuel , Cantú-Brito Carlos , García-Ramos Guillermo , Estañol Bruno 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:The early clinical predictors of respiratory failure in Latin Americans with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) have scarcely been studied. This is of particular importance since Latin America has a high frequency of axonal GBS variants that may imply a worse prognosis.Methods:We studied 86 Mexican patients with GBS admitted to theInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, a referral center of Mexico City, to describe predictors of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).Results:The median age was 40 years (interquartile range: 26–53.5), with 60.5% men (male-to-female ratio: 1.53). Most patients (65%) had an infectious antecedent (40.6% gastrointestinal). At admission, 38% of patients had a Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score <30. Axonal subtypes predominated (60.5%), with acute motor axonal neuropathy being the most prevalent (34.9%), followed by acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (32.6%), acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) (25.6%), and Fisher syndrome (7%). Notably, 15.1% had onset in upper limbs, 75.6% dysautonomia, and 73.3% pain. In all, 86% received either IVIg (9.3%) or plasma exchange (74.4%). IMV was required in 39.5% patients (72.7% in AMSAN). A multivariate model without including published prognostic scores yielded the time since onset to admission <15 days, axonal variants, MRC sum score <30, and bulbar weakness as independent predictors of IMV. The model including grading scales yielded lower limbs onset, Erasmus GBS respiratory insufficiency score (EGRIS) >4, and dysautonomia as predictors.Conclusion:These results suggest that EGRIS is a good prognosticator of IMV in GBS patients with a predominance of axonal electrophysiological subtypes, but other early clinical data should also be considered.