bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of aspirin in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after lumbar canal spinal stenosis surgeries: a double-blind parallel randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nikouei Farshad , Chehrassan Mohammadreza , Shakeri Mohammadreza , Mahdavi Seyed Mani , Ameri Ebrahim , Eslami Arvin , Habibollahzadeh Ali , Ghandhari Hasan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a great postoperative challenge in all orthopaedic surgeries. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin administration in the prevention of DVT in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery.

Methods:
In this double-blind parallel randomized clinical trial, a total of 126 candidates (age 40 yr and older) were admitted between June 2021 to December 2021. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention chemoprophylaxis group (41 patients receiving 325 mg aspirin) and controls. The DVT occurrence was recorded by clinical features (Well’s criteria), Doppler lower limbs ultrasound, and D-dimer levels in all participants at baseline (24 hr before the time of surgery) and 2, 6, and 12 wk after surgery in postoperative visits.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 63.72±6.87 yr. Baseline demographic values were similar in both groups (P>0.05). The mean follow-up duration was 6.11±2.33 mo. No cases of DVT or abnormal findings on Doppler ultrasound were observed in either group. The mean duration of hospitalization or intensive care unit (ICU) admission was similar between the two groups. Mean baseline D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the controls (P=0.047), while it was similar in both groups 3 mo after the operation (P=0.13).

Conclusions:
In the current study, no case of DVT was observed in either study group. These data do not support the use of aspirin as an anticoagulant for DVT prophylaxis following regular lumbar spinal surgeries.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
The utility of patient-reported outcome measures in orthopaedic trauma research: a systematic review
Authors: Magnusson Erik A. , Novak Avrey , Bagley Joshua , Walterscheid Zakkary , Jackson Madeleine , Claudi Carolin , Elhaddad Moamen , Albaba Adam , Doan Jessica , Vo Kiet , Firoozabadi Reza 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Patient-reported outcome score measures (PROM) are valuable tools in assessing patient function following management of orthopaedic conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and characterize the use of PROM in the orthopaedic trauma literature.

Methods:
Articles published in the Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (JOT), Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS), Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (CORR), Foot and Ankle International (FAI), Journal of Hand Surgery (JHS), and Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (JSES) from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed. Publications pertaining to outcomes after trauma were included. Publication year, number of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) used, and the specific PROMs published per study were recorded.

Results:
Of the 11,873 articles reviewed, 3,583 (30%) articles pertained to trauma. Twenty-nine percent of orthopaedic trauma articles utilized at least one PROM. There was a gradual increase in trauma publications with PROMs over 9 yr. An average of two PROMs were reported per publication. The percentage of trauma studies that included PROMs varied by journal. In JOT, 35% of trauma articles published included PROM, 30% of articles published in JBJS, 27% in CORR, 48% in JSES, 30% in JHS, and 49% of trauma articles in FAI utilized PROM. The most commonly used PROMs included: visual analog scale (VAS) (n=411), Disabilities of the Arm and Hand Score (DASH) (n=281), Constant-Murley Score (n=145), Short Form Survey-36 (n=123), the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (n=101), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment (n=93).

Conclusions:
Clinical outcome studies utilizing PROMs after orthopaedic trauma represented a minority of publications across six major journals between 2011 to 2019. Standardization of PROMs is lacking, making comparison between studies challenging. The VAS and DASH scores were the most frequently PROMs reported followed by additional PROMs for the upper extremity. Characterizing the use of PROMs directs future investigators toward selecting applicable PROMs to evaluate patient outcomes following orthopaedic trauma.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Causes and outcomes of hepatic fibrosis in persons living with HIV
Authors: Yen Debra W. , Sherman Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The epidemiology of liver disease in people living with HIV has evolved since the arrival of effective hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HIV patients is highly prevalent while hepatitis D, hepatitis E, and occult hepatitis B remain underappreciated. We discuss mechanisms of fibrosis in HIV and review clinical outcomes of HIV-associated liver diseases.

Recent findings
HIV-HCV co-infection is receding as a cause of progressive liver disease, but fibrosis biomarkers after HCV treatment remain elevated. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) with anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity promotes stable liver disease, but oversimplifying ART regimens in unrecognized suppressed HBV may lead to activation of HBV. A high prevalence of fibrosis and rapid progression of fibrosis are seen in HIV-associated NAFLD, with visceral fat as a major risk factor. Newer ART such as integrase strand inhibitors may have limited intrinsic hepatoxicity but do increase weight, which may secondarily lead to hepatic steatosis. Promising therapies for HIV-associated NAFLD include tesamorelin and CCR5 blockade agents.

Summary
Our understanding of the natural history and pathogenesis of liver diseases in HIV has advanced and adapted to the changing landscape of liver disease in this population. Future research should evaluate long-term clinical and histological outcomes, prevention strategies, and treatment options to improve morbidity and mortality in HIV-related liver diseases.
Pelviureteric junction obstruction in adults: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: O'Sullivan Niall J. , Anderson Steven 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is a common urological disorder that can present at any stage of life. The underlying etiology in children has been well studied; however, a gap exists in the literature for the adult population. Herein, we performed a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the current evidence on the underlying etiologies of adult patients presenting with PUJO.

Materials and methods
Four electronic databases were searched for relevant studies assessing the underlying etiologies of pelviureteric junction obstruction in adults. Studies were assessed for eligibility based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a critical appraisal of methodological quality and risk of bias was performed. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data analyses were performed.

Results
Twelve studies comprising a total of 513 patients with radiologically confirmed PUJO met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. The most common finding was crossing vessels, which were observed in 50.5% of patients, followed by intrinsic ureteral stenosis (27.1%), adhesions (15.3%), and high insertion of the ureter (10.1%).

Conclusions
The underlying etiologies of PUJO in adults remain unclear. This study indicated that obstruction secondary to crossing vessels is the most common cause of obstruction in adults and occurs more frequently than in the pediatric population.
Laser speckle contrast imaging compared with indocyanine green in renal perfusion of a porcine model
Authors: Noël Jonathan , Mascarenhas Anya , Nwaiwu Chibueze A. , Liu Yao , Moschovas Marcio , Buharin Vasiliy E. , Oberlin John , Mehrotra Saloni , Dechert Alyson F. , Kim Peter C. W. , Patel Vipul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
When viewed under near-infrared light, indocyanine green (ICG) signal for kidney perfusion can be utilized in partial nephrectomy. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) uses coherent light to detect perfusion during real-time laparoscopic surgery.

Materials and methods
Laser speckle contrast imaging or ActivSight, an imaging sensor adapter, was used during laparoscopy of an anesthetized porcine kidney model. ActivSight's “perfusion mode” and “quantification mode” displayed the blood flow as a heatmap and numerical signal intensity, respectively.

Results
After the upper segmental renal artery was clamped, ICG was seen in the lower pole, and LSCI showed low unit (dark color) quantification and perfusion in the upper pole. Indocyanine green was retained in the lower pole after the upper segmental artery was unclamped, and LSCI perfusion was demonstrated in the entire kidney.

Conclusions
Laser speckle contrast imaging is a dye-free, repeatable, real-time adjunct for renal parenchymal perfusion assessment applicable to minimally invasive renal surgery to complement the technology of ICG near-infrared fluorescence and advance digital surgery.
Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Associations Between Gestational Chemical Mixtures and Child Neurodevelopment
Authors: Yonkman Amanda M. , Alampi Joshua D. , Kaida Angela , Allen Ryan W. , Chen Aimin , Lanphear Bruce P. , Braun Joseph M. , Muckle Gina , Arbuckle Tye E. , McCandless Lawrence C. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Unsupervised machine learning techniques have become increasingly popular for studying associations between gestational exposure mixtures and human health. Latent profile analysis is one method that has not been fully explored.

Methods:
We estimated associations between gestational chemical mixtures and child neurodevelopment using latent profile analysis. Using data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) research platform, a longitudinal cohort of pregnant Canadian women and their children, we generated latent profiles from 27 gestational exposure biomarkers. We then examined the associations between these profiles and child Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full-Scale IQ, measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition (WPPSI-III). We validated our findings using k-means clustering.

Results:
Latent profile analysis detected five latent profiles of exposure: a reference profile containing 61% of the study participants, a high monoethyl phthalate (MEP) profile with moderately low persistent organic pollutants (POPs) containing 26%, a high POP profile containing 6%, a low POP profile containing 4%, and a smoking chemicals profile containing 3%. We observed negative associations between both the smoking chemicals and high MEP profiles and all IQ scores and between the high POP profile and Full-Scale and Verbal IQ scores. We also found a positive association between the low POP profile and Full-Scale and Performance IQ scores. All associations had wide 95% confidence intervals.

Conclusions:
Latent profile analysis is a promising technique for identifying patterns of chemical exposure and is worthy of further study for its use in examining complicated exposure mixtures.
Functional Significance of Angiotensin Receptor Type 2 in the Neuroplasticity of Autonomic Ganglia in (mRen2)27 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Swami Vetha Berwin Singh , Byrum Rachel , Peele Kaisi , Diz Debra , Aileru Azeez 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The over-expression of Ren-2d gene in (mRen2)27 rats leads to development of hypertension mediated by the renin-angiotensin-system axis and exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity. Exogenously applied angiotensin II (AngII) on the superior cervical ganglion evokes ganglionic compound action potentials (gCAP) and ganglionic long-term potentiation (gLTP). We studied the functional role of angiotensin receptors and expression of reactive oxygen species marker, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) proteins in AngII–induced postganglionic transmission. Bath-applied AngII revealed that the indices of ganglionic transmission, synaptic strength of gCAP, and decay time for gLTP are remarkably prolonged in (mRen2)27 rats and were abolished by an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), suggesting postganglionic AngII Type 1 (AT1) receptor localization and mediation. Receptor density for AT1 was similar in (mRen2)27 and control animals, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that it is consistent with the mRNA profile. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry analysis showed similar AT1 receptor distribution and signals. However, assessment of Type 2 (AT2), Ang-(1-7)-MAS and NOX4-specific proteins showed that AT2 receptor protein expression was 4-fold lower, consistent with a low mRNA profile. MAS receptor expression was 10-fold lower and NOX4 protein was 2-fold lower. Despite similarity in the densities of AT1 receptor, the low levels of the components of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system at the ganglia may contribute to the differential superior cervical ganglion sensitivity to AngII. The lower NOX4 affects reactive oxygen species balance and possibly results in activation of downstream pathways to promote increased sympathetic nerve activity. We speculate that the significant diminution in AT2, MAS, and NOX4 protein expressions may play an indirect role in the alteration and efficacy of gCAP and gLTP in hypertension.
Pregnancy options counseling
Authors: Owens Sarah N. , Shorter Jade M. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Review
This article reviews key aspects of pregnancy options counseling, and highlights how inappropriate counseling can create barriers to timely and safe abortion care.

Recent Findings
Access to safe abortion services in the United States is increasingly constrained. One way to combat this hostile environment is to ensure that individuals presenting for care early in pregnancy have access to comprehensive and unbiased pregnancy options counseling. There are unfortunately many barriers to individuals receiving adequate pregnancy options counseling, and marginalized groups experience disproportionate effects of inappropriate counseling. Research shows that individuals desire appropriate pregnancy options counseling when seeking early pregnancy care, and that providers often serve as a barrier to this care. Provider miseducation and opposition to pregnancy options counseling, particularly as it concerns abortion care, creates challenges and delays for people seeking abortion services. Crisis Pregnancy Centers use misinformation to further these barriers to appropriate care.

Summary
Nondirective and patient-centered pregnancy options counseling is standard of care. People seeking pregnancy options counseling desire and deserve comprehensive and accurate information. Providers must not serve as barriers to safe and appropriate care. Increasing nondirective pregnancy options counseling research, education, and training is crucial to ensuring access to safe and appropriate abortion care.
Limited evidence of a threshold effect for increasing adiposity on risk of symptoms at midlife
Authors: Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Whitcomb Brian W. , Verjee Mohamud A. , Gerber Linda M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess the nature of relationships between increasing body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of midlife symptoms in a population with high adiposity.

Methods
In the cross-sectional Study of Women's Health in Qatar, 841 participants aged 40 to 60 years were recruited from nine primary health centers in Doha. Face-to-face interviews collected demographic, menopause, and symptom information. BMI (kg/m2) was categorized as healthy, overweight, or class I, II, or III obesity. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine aches/stiffness in joints, trouble sleeping, shortness of breath, urinary incontinence, and hot flashes with BMI categories. Restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were used to estimate relationships between continuous BMI and each symptom and to conduct formal tests of nonlinearity.

Results
Mean BMI was 34.3 kg/m2 (SD, 6.0 kg/m2). Women with class II and III obesity had higher odds of reporting aches/stiffness than women with a healthy BMI, and the odds of reporting urinary incontinence were three times higher among women with class III obesity (odds ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-8.14). Using restricted cubic spline models, a significant nonlinear association (P = 0.002) was observed between aches/stiffness and BMI with an apparent threshold of 38 kg/m2. Linear relationships were observed with BMI for urinary incontinence (P < 0.001 for linear trend) and shortness of breath (P = 0.005 for linear trend). Trouble sleeping and hot flashes were not associated with BMI.

Conclusions
Even at very high levels of BMI, likelihood of urinary incontinence and shortness of breath increases with BMI. In contrast, likelihood of aches/stiffness has a nonlinear relationship with BMI, increasing to a threshold level.
Vitamin D supplements and prevalent overactive bladder in women from midlife through older ages
Authors: Vaughan Camille P. , Markland Alayne D. , Huang Alison J. , Tangpricha Vin , Grodstein Francine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study is to determine if vitamin D supplementation is associated with prevalent overactive bladder (OAB) in women across the aging spectrum.

Methods
We used the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) I (initiated in 1976) and NHS II (initiated in 1989) cohorts to evaluate the association of vitamin D supplements with prevalent OAB, all of which were reported by participants in 2019 in both NHS cohorts. OAB was defined as the self-reported need to rush to toilet to urinate at least sometimes. Further, OAB/wet included incontinence at least monthly because of urgency, whereas OAB/dry included incontinence once per month or less, or stress-predominant incontinence. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of OAB/dry and OAB/wet subtypes were estimated using logistic regression models.

Results
Among the 75,316 women (age range, 55‐98 y) from NHS and NHS II OAB prevalence was 26%. Increasing prevalence was observed across each older age group, with 41% of women 85 years or older reporting OAB symptoms. OAB/dry was more common (18%) than OAB/wet (8%). After multivariable adjustment, no clinically significant association between vitamin D supplementation and prevalent OAB or OAB type was observed.

Conclusions
OAB symptoms are highly prevalent across adult women, including the oldest old, who are often excluded from treatment trials. Despite interest in vitamin D supplementation as a low-cost strategy to address OAB, our findings indicate oral vitamin D is not associated with prevalent OAB in middle-aged and older women.
EFFICACY OF INNER WALL RETINECTOMY FOR BULLOUS SCHISIS CAVITY HANGING OVER OR THREATENING THE MACULA IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS
Authors: Iwahashi Chiharu , Matsushita Itsuka , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Kondo Hiroyuki , Kusaka Shunji 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To present the clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and surgical complications of patients with congenital X-linked retinoschisis who underwent vitrectomy for bullous schisis cavity hanging over or threatening the macula.

Methods:
Nine patients with congenital X-linked retinoschisis (12 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy at three tertiary hospitals and completed ≥3 years of postoperative follow-up were retrospectively investigated. Data were collected from patients' charts, including age at vitrectomy, surgical procedures, and postoperative complications.

Results:
The age at vitrectomy ranged 4 months to 103 months (median: 14 months). Inner wall retinectomy was performed during the initial vitrectomy in eight eyes. Among the eight eyes that initially underwent inner wall retinectomy, one (12.5%) required subsequent retinal surgery for postoperative complication. Furthermore, four eyes did not undergo initial inner wall retinectomy but required subsequent retinal surgeries for postoperative complications. Three of five eyes (60.0%) treated with silicone oil tamponade and two of seven eyes (28.6%) that were not treated with silicone oil tamponade during the initial vitrectomy required subsequent retinal surgeries for postoperative complications. All eyes maintained a clear central visual axis at the last examination.

Conclusion:
Inner wall retinectomy seems beneficial in achieving a clear visual axis in eyes with bullous schisis cavity hanging over or threatening the macula in patients with congenital X-linked retinoschisis.
BILATERAL MACULAR CHOROIDAL ABNORMALITIES WITH DRUSENOID DEPOSITS IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL PERIPHERAL EXUDATIVE HEMORRHAGIC CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Kim Hae Rang , Jung Jaehoon , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Sung Soo , Kim Min 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To investigate bilateral macular features on optical coherence tomography in patients with unilateral peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR).

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, optical coherence tomography features of affected eyes (PEHCR group, n = 30) and unaffected contralateral eyes (contralateral group, n = 30) were investigated. Age-matched and sex-matched patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV group, n = 51) and healthy controls (normal group, n = 50) were included to compare choroidal thickness, measured at six points apart from the fovea, with the PEHCR group.

Results:
Subretinal drusenoid deposits were the most common feature in the PEHCR (20%) and contralateral (23%) groups, followed by soft drusen. Although the macular choroid was comparably thin in both the PEHCR and contralateral groups, pachyvessels were also observed. The choroids of the PEHCR group were significantly thinner than those of the normal group at the subfovea and 1-mm temporal to the fovea and considerably thinner than those of the polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy group from 3-mm nasal to 3-mm temporal to the fovea.

Conclusion:
In patients with unilateral PEHCR, bilateral choroidal thinning and drusenoid deposit accumulation were noted in the macula. The pathophysiology of PEHCR may be a rare peripheral complication of age-related macular degeneration with pathologic choroid.
Approach to the diagnosis and management of nutritional optic neuropathies
Authors: Bhat Nita , Bakaeva Tatiana 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Nutritional deficiency is an under-recognized cause of optic neuropathy. The purpose of this review is to discuss how to identify, diagnose, and appropriately manage patients with nutritional optic neuropathy.

Recent findings
Nutritional deficiencies have long been thought to be more prevalent in the developing countries. However, with the advent of bariatric surgery, restrictive/selective diets, and the increase in alcohol dependence, it is not uncommon to see nutritional optic neuropathies in the developed world.

Summary
Although nutritional optic neuropathy can cause severe and debilitating vision loss, it is often reversible when it is diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.