bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anion‐Doping‐Induced Vacancy Engineering of Cobalt Sulfoselenide for Boosting Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Liu Jiaolong , Zhang Limin , Wu Hongjing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVacancy engineering is an attractive approach to modulate the electronic structure of transition metal chalcogens. However, illustrating how anion vacancy can be engineered to tailor their electromagnetic (EM) parameters and electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, based on clear vacancy concentrations and/or various anion vacancies rather than semiempirical rules, is currently lacking but significantly desired. An anion‐doping‐induced vacancy engineering is pioneered, where the selective oxidation process upgrades the transformation from Co‐based precursor to S‐doped CoSe2 (System II) instead of Se‐doped CoS2 (System I) in the subsequent sulfuration/selenization, which results in vacancy level improvement and coexistence of sulfur vacancies (VS) and selenium vacancy (VSe). Thanks to the boosted dielectric polarization loss provided by the comparable coexistence of sulfur/selenium vacancies (VS/VSe = 0.52), S‐doped CoSe2 harvests a broad bandwidth of 9.25 GHz (8.75–18.00 GHz) at 2.42 mm. This feature almost simultaneously achieves 100% coverage for X‐, and Ku‐bands, outperforming all reported metal sulfides/selenides until now. This work establishes a clear correlation between vacancy concentrations/various anion vacancies and EMW dissipation ability, offering valuable insights for designing advanced EMW absorbing materials.
Porous Cationic Electrospun Fibers with Sufficient Adsorption Sites for Effective and Continuous 99TcO4− Uptake
Authors: Zhao Rui , Chen Dingyang , Gao Nvwa , Yuan Liyong , Hu Wei , Cui Fengchao , Tian Yuyang , Shi Weiqun , Ma Shengqian , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRemoval of radioactive technetium‐99 (99TcO4−) from water by effective adsorbents is highly desired but remains a challenge. The currently used resin adsorbents possess several obstacles, such as slow adsorption kinetics and low adsorption capacity. To address these issues, herein a type of fibrous adsorbent with porosity and hyper‐branched quaternary ammonium groups, namely porous cationic electrospun fibers (PCE fibers), is successfully prepared. PCE fibers can remove 97% of 99TcO4− within 1 min and the equilibrium time of 99% removal is 20 min. The predicted maximum adsorption capacity toward the surrogate ReO4− can reach 826 mg g−1, which is higher than the state of art anion‐exchange resins and most of the other reported adsorbents. Furthermore, PCE fibers have good selectivity for ReO4− in the presence of competitive anions, and can retain ReO4− uptake under extreme conditions including high acid–base and gamma irradiation. Importantly, PCE fibrous adsorptive membrane is employed for dynamic ReO4− removal from simulated Hanford LAW stream with a processing capacity of 600 kg simulated stream per kilogram PCE fibers. The excellent performance highlights the advantages of PCE fibers over traditional resins in technetium removal.
Isogenous Asymmetric–Symmetric Acceptors Enable Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Thin and 300 nm Thick Active Layers Simultaneously
Authors: Bai Hai‐Rui , An Qiaoshi , Jiang Mengyun , Ryu Hwa Sook , Yang Jie , Zhou Xue‐Jiao , Zhi Hong‐Fu , Yang Can , Li Xiong , Woo Han Young , Wang Jin‐Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntegrating desirable light absorption, energy levels, and morphology in one matrix is always the aspiration to construct high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an asymmetric acceptor Y6‐1O is incorporated into the binary blends of acceptor Y7‐BO and donor PM6 to prepare ternary OSCs. Two isogenous asymmetric–symmetric acceptors with similar chemical skeletons tend to form alloy‐like state in blends due to their good compatibility, which contributes to optimizing the morphology for efficient charge generation and extraction. The complementary absorption of two acceptors helps to improve the photon harvesting of ternary blends, and the higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of Y6‐1O offers the chance to uplift the mixed LUMO energy levels of acceptors. Combining the aforesaid benefits, the ternary OSCs with 10 wt% Y6‐1O produce a top‐ranked power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.11% with simultaneously elevated short‐circuit current density, open‐circuit voltage, and fill factor in comparison to Y7‐BO‐based binary devices. Furthermore, the optimized ternary OSCs with ≈300 nm active layers obtain a champion PCE of 16.61%, which is the highest value for thick‐film devices reported so far. This work puts forward an avenue for further boosting the performance of OSCs with two isogenous acceptors but different asymmetric structures.
Perspective of 2D Integrated Electronic Circuits: Scientific Pipe Dream or Disruptive Technology?
Authors: Waltl Michael , Knobloch Theresia , Tselios Konstantinos , Filipovic Lado , Stampfer Bernhard , Hernandez Yoanlys , Waldhör Dominic , Illarionov Yury , Kaczer Ben , Grasser Tibor 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithin the last decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to fabricating transistors utilizing 2D semiconductors. Also, small circuits consisting of a few transistors have been demonstrated, including inverters, ring oscillators, and static random access memory cells. However, for industrial applications, both time‐zero and time‐dependent variability in the performance of the transistors appear critical. While time‐zero variability is primarily related to immature processing, time‐dependent drifts are dominated by charge trapping at defects located at the channel/insulator interface and in the insulator itself, which can substantially degrade the stability of circuits. At the current state of the art, 2D transistors typically exhibit a few orders of magnitude higher trap densities than silicon devices, which considerably increases their time‐dependent variability, resulting in stability and yield issues. Here, the stability of currently available 2D electronics is carefully evaluated using circuit simulations to determine the impact of transistor‐related issues on the overall circuit performance. The results suggest that while the performance parameters of transistors based on certain material combinations are already getting close to being competitive with Si technologies, a reduction in variability and defect densities is required. Overall, the criteria for parameter variability serve as guidance for evaluating the future development of 2D technologies.
Flexible Mo2C‐Modified SiC/C Nanofibers for BroadBand Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyan , Li Huanhuan , Sha Aiming , Huang Shengyan , Li Bo , Guo Shouwu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaterials with 1D structure exhibit a remarkable advantage for losing electromagnetic (EM) wave energy. Herein, flexible Mo2C‐modified SiC/C nanofibers (Mo‐SiC/C NFs) are synthesized for the first time by co‐electrospinning and subsequent high‐temperature pyrolysis, using polycarbosilane (PCS) and molybdenum acetyl acetone (MoO2(acac)2) as precursors. It is found that the polymer derived temperature of PCS is significantly decreased by introducing MoO2(acac)2, as well as endowing the SiC/C NFs with good flexibility, high crystallinity, and remarkable microwave absorption performance. The as‐prepared fibers dispersed in paraffin with a low filler loading (15 wt%) exhibit a minimum reflection loss (RL, dB) of ‐62.5 dB, and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB, RL<‐10 dB) of 6.8 GHz at 2.75 mm. Meanwhile, the EAB of the hybrid can cover the whole X‐band and most of the C‐band by modulating its thickness. These high‐efficient performances mainly originate from the specific 1D microstructure, abundant interfaces and defects, and synergistic effect among SiC, Mo2C, and C matrix. Thus, this work offers a way to explore flexible SiC/C NFs as a promising candidate with lightweight and wide EAB for EM wave absorption.
Oligonucleotic Probes and Immunosensors Based on Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Screening of Diseases
Authors: Xifre‐Perez Elisabet , Ferre‐Borrull Josep , Marsal Lluis F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper is an overview of the recent advances in nanoporous anodic alumina sensing platforms based on the interaction of oligonucleotides and antibodies with bioelements (e.g., virus, bacteria, or biomarkers) that can cause or identify diseases. Nanoporous alumina is the common platform material for all these sensing devices that have an enormous potential for the next‐generation bioanalytical systems. Nanoporous alumina is a cost‐effective material with morphological flexibility that provides high sensitivity to the sensing systems due to its large surface‐to‐volume ratio. Immunosensors transduce the signal produced by the specific antibody–antigen interaction. They are widely used for clinical analysis due to the high selectivity and sensitivity of their immunoreaction, transduced by different methods (electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, etc). Another important, outstanding and more recently type of biosensors are based on the oligonucleotic functionalization of nanoporous alumina. Oligonucleotides can bind to a wide variety of elements (small organic molecules, proteins, or cells) with high selectivity, specificity, and affinity, even higher to those of antibodies. The basic concepts and mechanisms of their sensing methods for health care biosensing are introduced. Their transduction methods and great potential applications will be evaluated and classified in detail, together with a discussion of possible future trends.
Shaping Electromagnetic Fields with Irregular Metasurface
Authors: Li Zhenfei , Liu Ji , Zhang Jin , Shao Linda , Zhang Chiben , Wang Xiong , Jin Ronghong , Zhu Weiren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electromagnetic scattering of an object is directly related to its physical geometry and material properties. While metasurfaces show excellent performances in mimicking material properties almost at well by flexibly designing meta‐atoms with arbitrary electromagnetic responses, their physical geometries are generally in a regular manner. The break of a metasurface's geometry will inevitably affect its electromagnetic scattering that introduces uncertainty in wavefront manipulation. Here, a general approach for highly efficient wavefront manipulation with irregular shaped metasurfaces is proposed. Such an approach establishes a universal iterative modulation relation between the metasurface and scattered field by introducing boundary constraints at the aperture, enabling to deal with the electromagnetic scattering from a metasurface with arbitrary spatial shape. In this way, the desired wavefront form can be engineered using meta‐atom sequences with arbitrarily shaped aperture. As a proof of concept, a flower‐shaped metasurface operating in the reflection mode is designed and experimentally demonstrated for reconstructing four random focuses with uniform and high‐efficiency intensity distribution at near‐field region, while the flower shaped field pattern can be extracted near the aperture plane. Such a method may pave a new route for advanced wavefront manipulation and electromagnetic concealment/camouflage applications.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction: An Access to Furooxepines
Authors: Galéa Roméric , Blond Gaëlle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbstract. We report herein the synthesis of [7,5]‐fused bicyclic acetals, also named furooxepines through a gold(I)‐catalyzed domino reaction. During this transformation, two molecules of homopropargyl alcohol react together, in a sequence including an intramolecular hydroalkoxylation, condensation, a 1,6‐enyne cycloisomerization, acetalization and an isomerization. This gold(I)‐catalyzed domino reaction allow the formation of three bonds, two heterocycles and a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters in a one‐step operation with 100% atom economy. Post‐functionalizations allow the formation of tetrahydrofurans.magnified image
Antioxidant and Biocompatible CO2‐Based Biocomposites from Vegetable Wastes for Active Food Packaging
Authors: Tran Thi Nga , Lim Kwon Taek , Fiorentini Fabrizio , Athanassiou Athanassia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, an innovative and scalable strategy is developed to valorize vegetable wastes as valuable and cost‐effective natural antioxidant resources in the development of CO2‐based biocomposites. The dried vegetable stems (parsley and spinach) are firstly micronized and then incorporated into a CO2‐derived poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) polymer matrix by hot compression molding technique. The vegetable waste microparticles are found to be homogenously dispersed within the PPC matrix. Due to the establishment of a strong intermolecular hydrogen bond network between PPC and vegetable waste microparticles, the obtained biocomposites exhibit improved mechanical properties compared to pure PPC, comparable to these of common plastics use for packaging materials. The water barrier properties of the developed biocomposites are also promising for packaging applications. Additionally, the developed biocomposites are found to be biocompatible and show effective antioxidant scavenging activity against 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS•+). Therefore, these antioxidant and biocompatible biocomposites deriving from CO2 greenhouse gas and industrial agro‐food wastes are of great interest for active food packaging applications.
An Injectable Dual‐Function Hydrogel Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating ROS/NO Disequilibrium
Authors: Hao Tian , Qian Meng , Zhang Yating , Liu Qi , Midgley Adam C. , Liu Yangping , Che Yongzhe , Hou Jingli , Zhao Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Exogenous delivery of nitric oxide (NO) to the infarcted myocardium has proven to be an effective strategy for treating MI due to the multiple physiological functions of NO. However, reperfusion of blood flow to the ischemic tissues is accompanied by the overproduction of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can further exacerbate tissue damage and compromise the therapeutic efficacy. Here, an injectable hydrogel is synthesized from the chitosan modified by boronate‐protected diazeniumdiolate (CS‐B‐NO) that can release NO in response to ROS stimulation and thereby modulate ROS/NO disequilibrium after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Furthermore, administration of CS‐B‐NO efficiently attenuated cardiac damage and adverse cardiac remodeling, promoted repair of the heart, and ameliorated cardiac function, unlike a hydrogel that only released NO, in a mouse model of myocardial I/R injury. Mechanistically, regulation of the ROS/NO balance activated the antioxidant defense system and protected against oxidative stress induced by I/R injury via adaptive regulation of the Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway. Inflammation is then reduced by inhibition of the activation of NF‐κB signaling. Collectively, these results show that this dual‐function hydrogel may be a promising candidate for the protection of tissues and organs after I/R injury.
Fiber‐Optic Theranostics (FOT): Interstitial Fiber‐Optic Needles for Cancer Sensing and Therapy
Authors: Ran Yang , Xu Zhiyuan , Chen Minfeng , Wang Wei , Wu Yang , Cai Jiexuan , Long Junqiu , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Zhang Dongmei , Guan Bai‐Ou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotonics has spurred a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic applications for defeating cancer owing to its superiority in spatiotemporal maneuverability and minimal harm. The limits of light penetration depth and elusiveness of photosensitizer utilization, however, impede the implementation of the photodiagnostic and ‐therapy for determining and annihilating the deep‐situated tumor. Herein, a promising strategy that harnesses functional optical fibers is developed and demonstrated to realize an in vivo endoscopic cancer sensing and therapy ensemble. Tumor detection is investigated using hypoxia‐sensitive fluorescent fibers to realize fast and accurate tumor recognition and diagnosis. The tumor treatment is further performed by exploiting the endogenous photothermal effect of rare‐earth‐doped optical fibers. The eradication of orthotopic and subcutaneous xenografts significantly validates the availability of tumoricidal fibers. The strategy opens horizons to inspire the design of optical fiber‐mediated “plug and play” precise tumor theranostics with high safety, which may intrigue broader fields, such as fiber optics, materials, chemistry, medicine, and clinics.
Gestational Leucylation Suppresses Embryonic T‐Box Transcription Factor 5 Signal and Causes Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Liu Lian , Chen Wei‐Cheng , Wang Feng , Cheng Yi‐Rong , Liu Yi‐Meng , Lai Yang‐Fan , Zhang Rui‐Jia , Qiao Ya‐Nan , Yuan Yi‐Yuan , Lin Yan , Xu Wei , Cao Jing , Gui Yong‐Hao , Zhao Jian‐Yuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDysregulated maternal nutrition, such as vitamin deficiencies and excessive levels of glucose and fatty acids, increases the risk for congenital heart disease (CHD) in the offspring. However, the association between maternal amino‐acid levels and CHD is unclear. Here, it is shown that increased leucine levels in maternal plasma during the first trimester are associated with elevated CHD risk in the offspring. High levels of maternal leucine increase embryonic lysine‐leucylation (K‐Leu), which is catalyzed by leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LARS). LARS preferentially binds to and catalyzes K‐Leu modification of lysine 339 within T‐box transcription factor TBX5, whereas SIRT3 removes K‐Leu from TBX5. Reversible leucylation retains TBX5 in the cytoplasm and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Increasing embryonic K‐Leu levels in high‐leucine‐diet fed or Sirt3 knockout mice causes CHD in the offspring. Targeting K‐Leu using the leucine analogue leucinol can inhibit LARS activity, reverse TBX5 K‐Leu modification, and decrease the occurrence of CHD in high‐leucine‐diet fed mice. This study reveals that increased maternal leucine levels increases CHD risk in the offspring through inhibition of embryonic TBX5 signaling, indicating that leucylation exerts teratogenic effects during heart development and may be an intervening target of CHD.
Artificial intelligence informed toxicity screening of amine chemistries used in the synthesis of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites
Authors: Su An , Cheng Yingying , Xue Haotian , She Yuanbin , Rajan Krishna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes a machine learning guided framework for screening the potential toxicity impact of amine chemistries used in the synthesis of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites. Using a combination of a probabilistic molecular fingerprint technique that encodes bond connectivity (MinHash) coupled to non‐linear data dimensionality reduction methods (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection), we develop an “Amine Atlas.” We show how the Amine Atlas can be used to rapidly screen the relative toxicity levels of amine molecules used in the synthesis of 2D and 3D perovskites and help identify safer alternatives. Our work also serves as a framework for rapidly identifying molecular similarity guided, structure–function relationships for safer materials chemistries that also incorporate sustainability/toxicity concerns.
Decoding family‐level features for modern and fossil leaves from computer‐vision heat maps
Authors: Spagnuolo Edward J. , Wilf Peter , Serre Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPremiseAngiosperm leaves present a classic identification problem due to their morphological complexity. Computer‐vision algorithms can identify diagnostic regions in images, and heat map outputs illustrate those regions for identification, providing novel insights through visual feedback. We investigate the potential of analyzing leaf heat maps to reveal novel, human‐friendly botanical information with applications for extant‐ and fossil‐leaf identification.MethodsWe developed a manual scoring system for hotspot locations on published computer‐vision heat maps of cleared leaves that showed diagnostic regions for family identification. Heat maps of 3114 cleared leaves of 930 genera in 14 angiosperm families were analyzed. The top‐5 and top‐1 hotspot regions of highest diagnostic value were scored for 21 leaf locations. The resulting data were viewed using box plots and analyzed using cluster and principal component analyses. We manually identified similar features in fossil leaves to informally demonstrate potential fossil applications.ResultsThe method successfully mapped machine strategy using standard botanical language, and distinctive patterns emerged for each family. Hotspots were concentrated on secondary veins (Salicaceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae), tooth apices (Betulaceae, Rosaceae), and on the little‐studied margins of untoothed leaves (Rubiaceae, Annonaceae, Ericaceae). Similar features drove the results from multivariate analyses. The results echo many traditional observations, while also showing that most diagnostic leaf features remain undescribed.ConclusionsMachine‐derived heat maps that initially appear to be dominated by noise can be translated into human‐interpretable knowledge, highlighting paths forward for botanists and paleobotanists to discover new diagnostic botanical characters.
Midlife lipid and glucose levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Tong Tong , Chang Andrew , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Tao Qiushan , Auerbach Sanford , Devine Sherral , Qiu Wei Qiao , Mez Jesse , Massaro Joseph , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Au Rhoda , Farrer Lindsay A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIt is unknown whether vascular and metabolic diseases assessed in early adulthood are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) later in life.MethodsAssociation of AD with lipid fractions, glucose, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and smoking obtained prospectively from 4932 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants across nine quadrennial examinations was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard and Kaplan‐Meier models. Age‐, sex‐, and education‐adjusted models were tested for each factor measured at each exam and within three adult age groups (early = 35‐50, middle = 51‐60, and late = 61‐70).ResultsA 15 mg/dL increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was associated with decreased AD risk during early (15.4%, P = 0.041) and middle (17.9%, P = 0.014) adulthood. A 15 mg/dL increase in glucose measured during middle adulthood was associated with 14.5% increased AD risk (P = 0.00029). These findings remained significant after adjusting for treatment.DiscussionOur findings suggest that careful management of cholesterol and glucose beginning in early adulthood can lower AD risk.
[FeFe]‐Hydrogenase: Defined Lysate‐Free Maturation Reveals a Key Role for Lipoyl‐H‐Protein in DTMA Ligand Biosynthesis
Authors: Pagnier Adrien , Balci Batuhan , Shepard Eric M. , Yang Hao , Warui Douglas M. , Impano Stella , Booker Squire J. , Hoffman Brian M. , Broderick William E. , Broderick Joan B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaturation of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase (HydA) involves synthesis of a CO, CN−, and dithiomethylamine (DTMA)‐coordinated 2Fe subcluster that is inserted into HydA to make the active hydrogenase. This process requires three maturation enzymes: the radical S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) enzymes HydE and HydG, and the GTPase HydF. In vitro maturation with purified maturation enzymes has been possible only when clarified cell lysate was added, with the lysate presumably providing essential components for DTMA synthesis and delivery. Here we report maturation of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase using a fully defined system that includes components of the glycine cleavage system (GCS), but no cell lysate. Our results reveal for the first time an essential role for the aminomethyl‐lipoyl‐H‐protein of the GCS in hydrogenase maturation and the synthesis of the DTMA ligand of the H‐cluster. In addition, we show that ammonia is the source of the bridgehead nitrogen of DTMA.