bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behind the theoretical debate between Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt: the nineteenth century constitutionalism and German public law
Authors: Scholz-Karl Julia 
Published: May 2022

This paper aims at identifying the reminiscences of 19th century constitutionalism and German public law behind the theoretical discussion around the constitutional jurisdiction in the doctrines of Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt. The doctrines on the question of sovereignty and constitution between the 19th and early 20th centuries also become the object of study as they reflect on the theoretical debate between Hans Kelsen's Neokantian positivism and Carl Schmitt's decisionism. Finally, from the notions of separation of powers, sovereignty, and constitution provided by these authors, the research aims at identifying the theoretical lines and concepts that may have contributed to the construction of the notion of guardian of the constitution. As a result, it was possible to verify that while Schmitt's constitutional theory carries much of his "political theology" with it, Kelsen sought, with his Pure Theory of Law, to evade from the theological method present in other legal theories (especially in Schmitt's). His intention was to build a legal science free of strange elements to Law, such as morality, politics and religion, which reflected in the choice of who should be the guardian of the Constitution. We developed this research through the analysis of historical sources and bibliographical research in the main writings of Carl Schmitt and Hans Kelsen on constitutional theory. As historiography, we sought specialized literature on the main subjects and theorists researched, from great names from that time and by contemporary well-known authors.
Understanding the Security and Privacy Concerns About the Use of Identifiable Health Data in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study of Public Attitudes Toward COVID-19 and Data-Sharing
Authors: Summers Charlotte , Griffiths Frances , Cave Jonathan , Panesar Arjun 
Published: May 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic increased the availability and use of population and individual health data to optimize tracking and analysis of the spread of the virus. Many health care services have had to rapidly digitalize in order to maintain the continuity of care provision. Data collection and dissemination have provided critical support for defending against the spread of the virus since the beginning of the pandemic; however, little is known about public perceptions of and attitudes toward the use, privacy, and security of data.

Objective
The goal of this study is to better understand people’s willingness to share data in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A web-based survey was conducted on individuals’ use of and attitudes toward health data for individuals aged 18 years and older, and in particular, with a reported diagnosis of a chronic health condition placing them at the highest risk of severe COVID-19.

Results
In total, 4764 individuals responded to this web-based survey, of whom 4674 (98.1%) reported a medical diagnosis of at least 1 health condition (3 per person on average), with type 2 diabetes (n=2974, 62.7%), hypertension (n=2147, 45.2%), and type 1 diabetes (n=1299, 27.4%) being most prominent in our sample. In general, more people are comfortable with sharing anonymized data than personally identifiable data. People reported feeling comfortable sharing data that were able to benefit others; 66% (3121 respondents) would share personal identifiable data if its primary purpose was deemed beneficial for the health of others. Almost two-thirds (n=3026; 63.9%) would consent to sharing personal, sensitive health data with government or health authority organizations. Conversely, over a quarter of respondents (n=1297, 27.8%) stated that they did not trust any organization to protect their data, and 54% (n=2528) of them reported concerns about the implications of sharing personal information. Almost two-thirds (n=3054, 65%) of respondents were concerned about the provisions of appropriate legislation that seeks to prevent data misuse and hold organizations accountable in the case of data misuse.

Conclusions
Although our survey focused mainly on the views of those living with chronic health conditions, the results indicate that data sensitivity is highly contextual. More people are more comfortable with sharing anonymized data rather than personally identifiable data. Willingness to share data also depended on the receiving body, highlighting trust as a key theme, in particular who may have access to shared personal health data and how they may be used in the future. The nascency of legal guidance in this area suggests a need for humanitarian guidelines for data responsibility during disaster relief operations such as pandemics and for involving the public in their development.
Using the PMAQ-AB Mobile App and Management System to Evaluate the Quality of Primary Health Care in Brazil: Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Bay Júnior Osvaldo de Goes , Diniz Vieira Silva Cícera Renata , Santos Martiniano Cláudia , de Figueiredo Melo Lygia Maria , Barros de Souza Marize , Lopes Monique da Silva , Coelho Ardigleusa Alves , de Medeiros Rocha Paulo , de Albuquerque Pinheiro Themis Xavier , de Sá Pinto Dantas Rocha Nadja , da Costa Uchôa Severina Alice 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe application of cell phones, similar portable devices (ie, tablets), apps, the internet, and GPS in evaluation have established new ways of collecting, storing, retrieving, transmitting, and processing data or information. However, evidence is incipient as to which technological resources remain at the center of assessment practice and the factors that promote their use by the assessment community.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the relationship between the use of the National Program for Improving Primary Healthcare Access and Quality’s (PMAQ-AB; Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica) mobile app and management system and the external evaluation quality of Brazil’s PMAQ-AB.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative case study during the external evaluation of Brazil’s PMAQ-AB. Data collection consisted of interviews, focus groups, and document analysis. A total of 7 members from the Department of Primary Care of the Ministry of Health and 47 researchers from various higher education and research institutions across the country participated in the study. Data were categorized using the ATLAS.ti software program, according to the quality standards of the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation, following the content analysis approach by Bardin.ResultsThe results related to feasibility, thematic scope, field activity management, standardized data collection, data consistency, and transparency. They demonstrated improvements and opportunities for advancements in evaluation mediated by the use of information technology (IT), favored the emergence of new practices and remodeling of existing ones, and took into account the multiple components required by the complex assessment of access and quality in primary health care. Difficulties in technology operation, inoperative systems, and lack of investment in equipment and human resources posed challenges to increasing the effectiveness of IT in evaluation.ConclusionsThe use of technology-based tools—the app and the management system—during the external evaluation offered evaluators a greater opportunity for stakeholder engagement. This also allowed the insertion of different organizational, operational, and methodological components that are capable of triggering influences and confluences. In addition, this allowed connections in collaborative and synergistic networks to increase the quality and allow the development of a more consistent and efficient evaluation process with greater possibility of incorporating the results into public health policies.
A Web Platform for Standardized Data Acquisition, Processing, and Export in the Child Psychopathology Clinical Routine (MedicalBIT): Design and Implementation Study
Authors: Colombo Paola , Busti Ceccarelli Silvia , Pacchiarini Stefano , Cribellati Stefano , Molteni Massimo 
Published: May 2022

Background
The rapid extent of digital innovation for the collection of data has transformed the way in which health professionals collect, share, and analyze health information for better clinical decision-making and health care. In the last decade, there has been an increased interest in telemedicine by mental health agencies; the gap between the need for care and both diagnosis and treatment is wide, and digital technology could play an important role in filling this gap. However, there are limited data on the effectiveness of the clinical process and cost-effectiveness of most telemedicine applications.

Objective
This study examined the implementation of the first Italian online, web-based, comprehensive screening tool and described the screening and diagnostic process through the interactive web platform in a child psychopathology clinic. This is a feasibility study that aims to present the design and implementation of the best practices to improve patient experiences and clinical outcomes. Moreover, the paper evaluates the platform with qualitative and quantitative measures.

Methods
We planned, designed, and implemented a web-based system to collect, store, and manage clinical data. The platform was developed by a multidisciplinary team composed of researchers, clinicians, and informatics professionals through different steps. First, we defined the clinical information to be collected. A number of measures were chosen, tapping several clinical risk areas such as neurodevelopmental disorders and emotional and behavioral problems. The web application architecture and process were then designed. The three phases of process design are described in detail: design of the input interface, processing design, and design of the output interface. Finally, the system has been implemented and evaluated. Based on indicators recommended by the National Quality Forum and the Italian National Guidelines, we evaluated the quality of the system and used quantitative measures that were replicable and comparable over time.

Results
We present the implemented architecture and features of Medea Information and Clinical Assessment On-Line (MedicalBIT), and we provide performance measures for the data collected between October 2018 and June 2021. The measured concepts pertain to four domains: access to care, financial impact/cost, experience, and effectiveness.

Conclusions
In this study, we present the successful implementation of an innovative digital tool. The findings of this study show that the implemented web-based platform appears to be an efficient, cost-effective, and feasible way to improve digital care in the field of child psychiatry.
Experiences With a Postpartum mHealth Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Key Informant Interviews Among Patients, Health Care Providers, and Stakeholders
Authors: Sadural Ernani , Riley Kristen E , Zha Peijia , Pacquiao Dula , Faust Amanda 
Published: May 2022

Background
Maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States continue to be a worsening public health crisis, with persistent racial disparities among Black women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovations in mobile health (mHealth) technology are being developed as a strategy to connect birthing women to their health care providers during the first 6 weeks of the postpartum period.

Objective
This study aimed to inform a process to evaluate the barriers to mHealth implementation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by exploring the experiences of mothers and stakeholders who were directly involved in the pilot program.

Methods
The qualitative design used GoToMeeting (GoTo) individual interviews of 13 mothers and 7 stakeholders at a suburban teaching hospital in New Jersey. Mothers were aged ≥18 years, able to read and write in English or Spanish, had a vaginal or cesarean birth at >20 weeks of estimated gestational age, and were admitted for delivery at the hospital with at least a 24-hour postpartum stay. Stakeholders were part of the hospital network’s obstetrics collaborative subcommittee comprising administrators, physicians, registered nurses, and informatics. Responses were transcribed verbatim and analyzed for emerging themes. The socioecological framework provided a holistic lens for analyzing the multilevel influences on individual experiences.

Results
A total of 3 major themes were identified: mothers experienced barriers from personal situations at home and with services in the hospital and community, which were intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic; the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted hospital services, priorities, and individual staff; and mothers and stakeholders had positive experiences and perceptions of the mHealth intervention.

Conclusions
The use and reach of the mHealth intervention were negatively influenced by interrelated factors operating at multiple levels. The system-wide and multilevel impact of the pandemic was reflected in participants’ responses, providing evidence for the need to re-evaluate mHealth implementation with more adaptable systems and structures in place using a socioecological framework.
Experience in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Developed after a New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Myazin R. G. 
Published: May 2022

Aim. To study the effectiveness of Kolofort® (affinally purified antibodies to tumor necrosis factor α, to the brain-specific protein S-100 and to histamine) in patients with various variants of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that developed after a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory data of 32 patients with IBS who had a history of COVID-19 pneumonia were analyzed. Course therapy with Kolofort® is prescribed according to the standard scheme for 3 months. Before and after treatment, the dynamics of the symptoms of IBS was assessed according to the questionnaire, the dynamics of anxiety was assessed according to the Hamilton scale.Results. There were a statistically significant decrease in the severity of IBS symptoms (normalization of the consistency of the stool, cessation of flatulence, a decrease in abdominal pain; p < 0.05) and a decrease in anxiety after the end of treatment.Conclusions. Kolofort® may be effective in eliminating the symptoms of post-infectious IBS and anxiety that developed after COVID-19.
Pandemia y fundamentos para una renta básica universal como derecho humano emergente en Colombia
Authors: De la Cruz Giraldo Gustavo Nixon , Forero González Omar Osvaldo 
Published: May 2022

The current economic crisis caused by biological factors has contributed to the rethinking of past proposals such as accessing an unconditioned income sufficient to allow citizens to meet material needs. Social rights, specifically those focused on access to income, could be considered as committed in plans and programs, but focused on certain population sectors, according to their age, unemployment or contingencies of work or health conditions, established in the different regimes of social security systems, present a limitation, due to their insufficiency in the items for their financing or access, is subject to compliance with requirements, despite the obligation of the State, even despite its recognition as a human right or as a fundamental right. Given these legal circumstances and the existence of limited plans or programs, it is necessary to ask the following question: What are the foundations and feasibility implications of the adoption of a Universal Basic Income as an emerging human right and its future character? In resolving this question, it is based on the historical review to understand aspects that can be incidents in the legal and economic, due to the relevance as social rights, particularly those of fundamental rank, constitute the starting point that allows progress towards overcoming inequality, projecting its material, real and effective development, with the implementation of mechanisms such as Basic Income as constituting a means of broad coverage of access to income. unconditionally.
Time With Diabetes Distress and Glycemia-Specific Distress: New Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for the Psychosocial Burden of Diabetes Using Ecological Momentary Assessment in an Observational Study
Authors: Ehrmann Dominic , Schmitt Andreas , Priesterroth Lilli , Kulzer Bernhard , Haak Thomas , Hermanns Norbert 
Published: May 2022

<p><em>Objective</em></p>
<p>To estimate time with diabetes distress using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in people with type 1 diabetes and analyze its associations with glycemic management based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).</p>
<p><em>Research Design and Methods</em></p>
<p>We used EMA to assess diabetes distress in a sample of recently hospitalized adults with type 1 diabetes once a day for 17 consecutive days in an ambulatory setting (NCT03811132). Additionally, participants were asked daily about hypoglycemia distress (<70 mg/dl [3.9 mmol/l]), hyperglycemia distress (>180 mg/dl [10 mmol/l]), and variability distress (glucose fluctuations). Per person, the percentage of days with elevated distress was calculated (time with distress). Multilevel regression was used to analyze daily associations of distress ratings with CGM-derived parameters. EMA-derived associations between diabetes distress and glycemic management were compared to questionnaire-derived associations. </p>
<p>Results</p>
<p>Data of 178 participants were analyzed. Participants spent 24.1±29.7% of days in diabetes distress, 54.6±26.0% in hyperglycemia distress, 45.2±27.5% in variability distress, and 23.0±19.3% in hypoglycemic distress. In multilevel analyses, higher daily ratings of diabetes distress were significantly associated with hyperglycemia (β=0.41). Results showed high between-person variability as explanation of variance of the models ranged between 22.2% and 98.8%. EMA-derived diabetes distress showed a significant association with mean glucose (r=0.25), while questionnaire-based diabetes distress did not (r=0.10). Prospectively, time with diabetes distress was associated with HbA1c at the 3-month follow-up (r=0.27), while questionnaire-based distress showed no association (r=0.11).</p>
<p><em>Conclusions</em></p>
<p>Time with distress assessed by EMA showed a comparative advantage over questionnaire-based assessment of diabetes distress regarding associations with glycemic management.</p>
Model Group Investigation dan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Cirebon
Authors: Nopriana Tri 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa pada tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Cirebon dengan metode quasi eksperimen dengan melibatkan 62 Siswa Kelas XI sebagai sampel. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Instrumen yang dugunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah tes essay. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) Kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation lebih baik dari pada kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensinal. (2) Rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation lebih tinggi dari rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematika siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Dengan Pendekatan Metakognitif
Authors: . Tata 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan metakognitif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimen kelompok kontrol pretes-postes dengan menggunakan dua kelompok. Kelompok eksperimen memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan metakognitif dan kelompok kontrol memperoleh pembelajaran biasa. Untuk memperoleh data penelitian digunakan instrumen berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis berbentuk uraian. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII sebuah Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Cianjur dengan mengambil sampel dua kelas sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol yang dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap hasil tes berupa skor pretes, postes, dan gain ternormalisasi kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan mengunakan uji-t dan ANOVA satu jalur. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang belajar dengan pendekatan metakognitif lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang belajar dengan pembelajaran biasa. Di samping itu, terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara siswa kelompok tinggi dengan siswa kelompok sedang, antara siswa kelompok tinggi dengan siswa kelompok rendah, serta tidak terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara siswa kelompok sedang dengan siswa kelompok rendah setelah memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan metakognitif.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL IPA STEM MATERI CAHAYA DAN ALAT OPTIK KELAS VIII SMPN 2 KALIANGET
Authors: Sari Fitri Diana , Fajarianingtyas Dyah Ayu , Anekawati Anik 
Published: May 2022

Pengembangan modul IPA STEM materi cahaya dan alat optik kelas VIII SMPN 2 kalianget. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan menentukan validitas bahan ajar mandiri yaitu modul IPA STEM, (2) mendapatkan respon guru dan respon siswa. Subyek menggunakan siswa kelas VIII SMPN 2 Kalianget. Penelitian ini mengacu pada penelitian dan pengembangan 4-D (four D). Data validitas menggunakan analisis Content Validity Index (CVI). Data responden dari unsur guru maupun peserta didik menggunakan analisis angket. Hasil penelitian didapatkan validitas modul IPA STEM materi cahaya serta alat optik kelas VIII dinyatakan valid ditunjukkan dari skor CVI 1,00 (validitas yang sesuai) ditinjau pada aspek materi, bahasa dan media. Hasil respon guru dan siswa berada pada kategori positif. Respon guru yaitu 100%, sedangkan respon siswa yaitu 98,48 % dengan kategori “tercapai”. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa modul IPA STEM mudah dipahami dan efektif pada kegiatan proses pembelajaran.
Kata kunci: Modul, IPA, STEM, Validitas, Respon

ABSTRACT
Development of the STEM science module for light materials and optical instruments for class VIII SMPN 2 Kalianget. This study has the aim of determining the validity of independent teaching materials, namely the STEM Science module, (2) obtaining teacher responses and student responses. The subjects used class VIII SMPN 2 Kalianget students. This research refers to research and development of 4-D (four D). The validity data used Content Validity Index (CVI) analysis. Respondent data from the elements of teachers and students using questionnaire analysis. The results showed that the validity of the STEM science module on light material and optical instruments for class VIII was declared valid, as indicated by a CVI score of 1.00 (appropriate validity) in terms of material, language and media aspects. The results of teacher and student responses are in the positive category. The teacher's response is 100%, while the student's response is 98.48% with the "achieved" category. This shows that the STEM Science module is easy to understand and effective in learning process activities.
Keywords: Module, IPA, STEM, Validity, Response