bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex Vivo Machine Thrombolysis Reduces Rethrombosis Rates in Salvaged Thrombosed Myocutaneous Flaps in Swine
Authors: Brouwers Kaj , Kruit Anne Sophie , van Midden Dominique , Rijpma Sanna R. , Schuijt Tim J. , Koers Erik J. , Zegers Her J. H. , Hummelink Stefan , Ulrich Dietmar J. O. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
There is a risk for thrombotic complications (2 to 5 percent) associated with microsurgical reconstruction. Current thrombolytic therapy has a salvage rate between 60 and 70 percent, but it is afflicted by bleeding complications (2 to 6 percent). The use of machine perfusion for delivering thrombolytic agents is a new method that could potentially reduce these complications. In this article, the authors compared flap salvage outcomes comparing machine thrombolysis versus a manual flush with tissue plasminogen activator.

Methods:
Sixteen bilateral flaps (12 × 9 cm) were dissected from eight female Dutch Landrace pigs (70 kg). Thrombosis was induced in free rectus abdominis flaps by clamping the pedicle’s veins for 2 hours. Flaps were either thrombolysed with 2 mg tissue plasminogen activator (1 mg/ml) during 2 hours of machine perfusion (perfusion group; n = 8) or injected intraarterially (manual group; n = 8) before replantation. Near-infrared fluorescence angiography was used to confirm thrombus formation and to assess tissue perfusion; muscle biopsy specimens were analyzed for ischemia/reperfusion injury directly after thrombolysis and 15 hours after replantation.

Results:
A higher incidence of secondary thrombosis was seen in the manual group compared to the perfusion group (n = 6 versus n = 0, respectively; p < 0.001), resulting in two complete flap failures. Fifteen hours after replantation, mean fluorescence intensities were 13.0 (95 percent CI, 10.1 to 15.8) and 24.6 (95 percent CI, 22.0 to 27.2) in the perfusion and manual group, respectively (p < 0.001), and mean muscle injury scores were comparable, measuring 7.5 ± 1.5.

Conclusion:
Two hours of machine thrombolysis of compromised flaps in a porcine model showed higher salvage rates compared to a manual injection with tissue plasminogen activator and reduced the incidence of secondary thrombosis.

Clinical Relevance Statement:
Using machine perfusion systems for ex vivo thrombolysis provides the benefits of local treatment of a composite tissue without the risk of systemic complications and may improve salvage rates and reduce the incidence of secondary thrombosis.
Long-Term Outcomes After Vaginal and Laparoscopic Mesh Hysteropexy for Uterovaginal Prolapse: A Parallel Cohort Study (eVAULT)
Authors: Fitzgerald Jocelyn J. , Sokol Eric R. , Rardin Charles R. , Cundiff Geoffrey W. , Paraiso Marie Fidela R. , Chou Jiling , Gutman Robert E. 
Published: May 2022

Importance
Data on long-term mesh hysteropexy outcomes are limited. This study provides 7-year data from the original VAULT (Vaginal and Laparoscopic Mesh Hysteropexy for Uterovaginal Prolapse Trial) study.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare long-term outcomes and success for laparoscopic sacral hysteropexy (LSHP) and vaginal mesh hysteropexy (VMHP).

Study Design
This multicenter, prospective parallel cohort was an extension to the initial VAULT study. Subjects were contacted, and informed consent was obtained. We collected baseline demographics and the latest Pelvic Organ Prolapse–Quantification examination data from chart review and conducted telephone interviews to update demographic information and collect Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Short-Form, Patient Global Impression of Improvement, prolapse reoperation/pessary use, and complications. Surgical success was defined as no bulge symptoms, satisfaction score of “very much better” or “much better,” and no reoperation/pessary use.

Results
Five of 8 original sites enrolled 53 subjects (LSHP n = 34 and VMHP n = 19). The LSHP group was younger (67 vs 74, P < 0.01), but there were no differences in parity, body mass index, menopause, race, insurance, tobacco use, or Charlson Comorbidity Index. The median subjective follow-up was 7.3 ± 0.9 years. Composite success was 82% LSHP versus 74% VMHP. Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Short-Form composite scores were similar at baseline and improved for both groups (P < 0.01) with lower bother observed in the LSHP group (20.8 vs 43.8, P = 0.01). There were no differences in complications.

Conclusions
Over 7 years after surgery, LSHP and VMHP have high success, low retreatment, and low complication rates that did not differ between groups. Although there is a trend toward better anatomic support in the LSHP group, these findings were not significant and we are underpowered to detect a difference.
Adverse Events for Overactive Bladder Medications From a Public Federal Database
Authors: Sze Christina , Drangsholt Siri , Stoddard Michelina D. , Singh Zorawar , Sansone Stephanie , Bhojani Naeem , Zorn Kevin , Elterman Dean , Chughtai Bilal 
Published: May 2022

Importance
Clinical data on the use of overactive bladder (OAB) medications are limited by the physician interpretation of adverse effects rather than those that are patient reported.

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between OAB medications and adverse drug events (ADEs) through the self-reporting U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Report System database.

Study Design
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Report System (FAERS) database was queried from 2004 to 2019. Adverse drug events were recategorized. Disproportionality analysis was used to detect the risk signals for each OAB medication and ADEs. χ2 values were calculated to assess the association between ADEs and dosage.

Results
A total number of 14,102 reports were identified. The most frequently reported OAB medications were mirabegron (35%), transdermal oxybutynin (27%), and solifenacin (25%). Neuropsychiatric (NP) ADEs were highest with tolterodine and fesoterodine usage (16% and 15.6%, respectively) and transdermal oxybutynin had the lowest (6.5%). Increasing the dose of tolterodine or fesoterodine was not associated with increased NP ADEs. Oxybutynin had the highest risk of affect/mood disorder, agitation, and balance/movement disorder; however, it had the lowest risk of headache/migraine compared with all OAB medications. Mirabegron compared with all other OAB medications had the lowest risk of affect/mood disorder and agitation; however, it had the highest risk of headache and migraines.

Conclusions
The FAERS database not only is a repository of ADEs but also may represent evolving prescribing habits for OAB medications. Transdermal oxybutynin had the lowest NP ADEs and may be appropriate for selected individuals.
The Relationship Between Perineal Body Size, Total Vaginal Length, Apical Prolapse, and Prolapse Symptoms
Authors: Kinay Tugba , Tapisiz Omer Lutfi , Kiykac Altinbas Sadiman , Kayikcioglu Fulya , Karakaya Jale , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem 
Published: May 2022

Importance
Currently, apical prolapse is diagnosed via assessing the levels of C and D points in the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system. However, it is not yet known whether the other components of this system are useful for diagnosing apical prolapse and its symptoms.

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the perineal body size (PB), total vaginal length (TVL), and apical prolapse and its symptoms.

Study Design
Two hundred women, 100 women with apical prolapse and 100 women without, were included in this cross-sectional study. The association between the PB, TVL, and apical prolapse and its symptoms were evaluated. The relationship between the other POP-Q measurements and apical prolapse/prolapse symptoms were also evaluated as the secondary outcome of the study.

Results
The TVL (cutoff value, ≤8 cm; sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 60%) and the genital hiatus size (GH; cutoff value of >4.5 cm; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 91%) were significantly associated with apical prolapse. The PB cutoff value of 3.4 cm or less had lower sensitivity (49%) and specificity (70%) for the diagnosis of apical prolapse. The GH (cutoff value, >4.8 cm; area under curve [AUC], 0.927), C (cutoff value, >−5.8 cm; AUC, 0.955), and Ba (cutoff value, >−1.1 cm; AUC, 0.891) were significantly associated with apical prolapse symptoms. However, there was no association between the PB or TVL with symptoms.

Conclusions
The study results showed that the TVL and GH were more strongly associated with apical prolapse than PB. The GH, C, and Ba were also associated with prolapse symptoms, but PB and TVL were not.
A human activity-aware shared control solution for medical human–robot interaction
Authors: Su Hang , Qi Wen , Schmirander Yunus , Ovur Salih Ertug , Cai Shuting , Xiong Xiaoming 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a human activity-aware adaptive shared control solution for human–robot interaction in surgical operation. Hands-on control and teleoperation are two main procedures switched frequently in teleoperated minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The detailed human activity in the procedures can be defined and recognized using the sensor information. In this paper, a novel continuous adaptive shared control method is proposed for manipulators with Cartesian impedance control in the surgical scenario.

Design/methodology/approach
A human activity-aware shared control solution by adjusting the weight function is introduced to achieve smooth transition among different human activities, including hands-on control and teleoperation. Instead of introducing various controllers and switching among them during the surgical procedures, the proposed solution integrated all the human activity-based controllers into a single controller and the transition among the procedures is smooth and stable. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach was verified in a lab setup environment. The results prove that the robot behavior is stable and smooth. The algorithm is feasible and can achieve a human activity-aware adaptive shared control solution for human–robot interaction in surgical operation.

Findings
Based on the experiment, the results confirm that the proposed human activity-aware adaptive shared control solution can switch the device behavior automatically using the real-time sensor information. The transition between different activities is smooth and stable.

Practical implications
For teleoperated surgical applications, the proposed method integrated different controllers for various human activities into a single controller by recognizing the activities using the real-time sensor information and the transition between different procedures is smooth and stable. It eases the surgical work for the surgeon and enhances the safety during the transition of control modes. The presented scheme provides a general solution to address the switching of working procedures in teleoperated MIS.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to propose human activity-aware adaptive shared control solution for human–robot interaction in surgical operations.
Anti-vibration control design for TORA based barge-type offshore floating wind turbine using extended order high gain observer
Authors: Shah Syed Awais Ali , Gao Bingtuan , Bhatia Ajeet Kumar , Liu Chuande , Rauf Arshad 
Published: May 2022

PurposeBarge-type offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT) commonly exhibits an under-actuated phenomenon in an offshore environment, which leads to a potential vibration-damping hazard. This article aims to provide a new robust output feedback anti-vibrational control scheme for the novel translational oscillator with rotational actuator (TORA) based five-degrees of freedom (5-DOF) barge-type OFWT in the presence of unwanted disturbances and modeling uncertainties.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, an active control technique called TORA has been used to design a 5-DOF barge-type OFWT model, where the mathematical model of the proposed system is derived by using Euler–Lagrange's equations. The robust hierarchical backstepping integral nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (HBINTSMC) with an adaptive gain is used in conjunction with extended order high gain observer (EHGO) to achieve system stabilization in the presence of unwanted disturbances and modeling uncertainties. The numerical simulations based on MATLAB/SIMULINK have been performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and control law.FindingsThe numerical simulation results affirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed control law for the TORA based OFWT system. The results demonstrate that the proposed control law is robust against unwanted disturbances and uncertainties. The unknown states are accurately estimated by EHGO which enables the controller to exhibit improved stabilization performance.Originality/valueA new mathematical model of the 5-DOF barge-type OFWT system based on TORA is the major contribution of this research paper. Furthermore, it provides a new adaptive anti-vibration control scheme by incorporating the EHGO for the proposed model.
An adaptive polynomial dimensional decomposition method and its application in reliability analysis
Authors: Sheng Xiangqian , Fan Wenliang , Zhang Qingbin , Li Zhengling 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe polynomial dimensional decomposition (PDD) method is a popular tool to establish a surrogate model in several scientific areas and engineering disciplines. The selection of appropriate truncated polynomials is the main topic in the PDD. In this paper, an easy-to-implement adaptive PDD method with a better balance between precision and efficiency is proposed.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the original random variables are transformed into corresponding independent reference variables according to the statistical information of variables. Second, the performance function is decomposed as a summation of component functions that can be approximated through a series of orthogonal polynomials. Third, the truncated maximum order of the orthogonal polynomial functions is determined through the nonlinear judgment method. The corresponding expansion coefficients are calculated through the point estimation method. Subsequently, the performance function is reconstructed through appropriate orthogonal polynomials and known expansion coefficients.FindingsSeveral examples are investigated to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method compared with the other methods in reliability analysis.Originality/valueThe number of unknown coefficients is significantly reduced, and the computational burden for reliability analysis is eased accordingly. The coefficient evaluation for the multivariate component function is decoupled with the order judgment of the variable. The proposed method achieves a good trade-off of efficiency and accuracy for reliability analysis.
Numerical solution for high-order ordinary differential equations using H-ELM algorithm
Authors: Lu Yanfei , Weng Futian , Sun Hongli 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a novel algorithm to solve initial/boundary value problems of high-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and high-order system of ordinary differential equations (SODEs).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed method is based on Hermite polynomials and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. The Hermite polynomials are chosen as basis function of hidden neurons. The approximate solution and its derivatives are expressed by utilizing Hermite network. The model function is designed to automatically meet the initial or boundary conditions. The network parameters are obtained by solving a system of linear equations using the ELM algorithm.FindingsTo demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a variety of differential equations are selected and their numerical solutions are obtained by utilizing the Hermite extreme learning machine (H-ELM) algorithm. Experiments on the common and random data sets indicate that the H-ELM model achieves much higher accuracy, lower complexity but stronger generalization ability than existed methods. The proposed H-ELM algorithm could be a good tool to solve higher order linear ODEs and higher order linear SODEs.Originality/valueThe H-ELM algorithm is developed for solving higher order linear ODEs and higher order linear SODEs; this method has higher numerical accuracy and stronger superiority compared with other existing methods.
Readiness for lean-sustainability in start-ups during the COVID-19 era
Authors: Sreenivasan Aswathy , Suresh M. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to “identify”, “analyse” and “categorise” the lean-sustainability enablers for start-ups during the COVID-19 epidemic using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM).

Design/methodology/approach
A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data in addition to the scheduled interview. The TISM methodology is used to determine how the variables interact, and the matrice d’Impacts croises-multiplication applique´ a classement (MICMAC) method is used to rank and categorise the lean-sustainability enablers.

Findings
This study identified ten lean-sustainability enablers for start-ups during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study says that the key factors are leadership and managerial commitment, implementation of employee skills and abilities, strategic need, personnel engagement and financial ability.

Research limitations/implications
The study focused primarily on lean-sustainability characteristics for start-ups.

Practical implications
This research will aid key stakeholders and academics in better understanding the factors that contribute to lean-sustainability in start-ups.

Originality/value
This study proposes the TISM technique for start-ups, which is a novel attempt in the subject of lean-sustainability in this industry.
Corporate governance reforms and risk disclosure quality: evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Gull Ammar Ali , Abid Ammar , Hussainey Khaled , Ahsan Tanveer , Haque Abdul 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance (hereafter, CG) reforms on the risk disclosure quality in an emerging economy, namely Pakistan. The authors also investigate the impact of CG reforms on the relationship between CG practices and risk disclosure quality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a manual content analysis method to a sample of non-financial companies listed on the PSX-100 index for 2009–2015, to examine the impact of CG reforms on risk disclosure quality. The authors use pooled ordinary least squares and the system GMM estimations to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe authors find that CG reforms have a positive impact on risk disclosure quality. The results indicate that certain CG practices such as CEO duality and board independence are associated with risk disclosure quality. Interestingly, the findings also highlight the effectiveness of CG reforms by showing that the revised code positively moderates the CG practices and risk disclosure relationship.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study have policy implications for regulatory bodies of emerging economies trying to strengthen the CG structures and to introduce risk disclosure regulations to cater the information need of stakeholders.Originality/valueThe authors provide new empirical evidence for the impact of CG reforms on risk disclosure quality using a unique setting of an emerging economy, namely Pakistan.
Understanding tourists' policing attitudes and travel intentions towards a destination during an ongoing social movement
Authors: Lai Michael T.H. , Yeung Emmy , Leung Rosanna 
Published: May 2022

PurposePolicing activities aim to provide a safe environment for tourists. With the recent major protests that have erupted around the world, and the novel use of excessive police force against protestors, people may wonder if the policing deployment is for destination safety or to deter tourists from visiting. This paper aims to investigate anti-police and pro-police attitudes and tourists' behavioural responses towards a popular destination experiencing an ongoing social movement.Design/methodology/approachData were collected between December 2019 and January 2020 (during the social movement). An online survey with a snowball sampling method was adopted to reach international tourists who were aware of the social movement in Hong Kong.FindingsThe results revealed that an individual with an anti-police attitude was found to be related to cognitive and affective destination images and perceived risks while those holding a pro-police attitude were more concerned with destination images only. No significant correlation was found between attitudes towards policing and travel intention.Originality/valueThis research presents a first attempt to investigate the relationship between tourists' policing attitudes and their behavioural responses during an ongoing social movement in a popular destination city.
Broad‐ and small‐scale environmental gradients drive variation in chemical, but not morphological, leaf traits of vascular epiphytes
Authors: Guzmán‐Jacob Valeria , Guerrero‐Ramírez Nathaly R. , Craven Dylan , Brant Paterno Gustavo , Taylor Amanda , Krömer Thorsten , Wanek Wolfgang , Zotz Gerhard , Kreft Holger 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Variation in leaf functional traits along environmental gradients can reveal how vascular epiphytes respond to broad‐ and small‐scale environmental gradients. Along elevational gradients, both temperature and precipitation likely play an important role as drivers of leaf trait variation, but these traits may also respond to small‐scale changes in light, temperature and humidity along the vertical environmental gradient within forest canopies. However, the relative importance of broad‐ and small‐scale environmental gradients as drivers of variation in leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes is poorly understood.

Here, we examined variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits of 102 vascular epiphyte species spanning two environmental gradients along Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico: (i) a broad‐scale environmental gradient approximated by elevation as well as by species' lower and upper elevational limits, and (ii) small‐scale environmental gradients using the relative height of attachment of an epiphyte on a host tree as a proxy for variation in environmental conditions within the forest canopy. We also assessed whether variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits along these gradients was consistent across photosynthetic pathways (CAM and C3).

Broad‐ and small‐scale environmental gradients explained more variation in chemical traits (marginal R2: 11%–89%) than in morphological traits (marginal R2: 2%–31%). For example, leaf carbon isotope signatures (δ13C), which reflects water‐use efficiency, varied systematically across both environmental gradients, suggesting a decrease in water‐use efficiency with increasing lower and upper elevational limits and an increase in water‐use efficiency with relative height of attachment. The influence of lower and upper elevational limits on trait variation differed between photosynthetic pathways, except for leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratio. Contrary to our expectations, broad‐ and small‐scale environmental gradients explained minimal variation in morphological leaf traits, suggesting that environmental conditions do not constrain morphological leaf trait values of vascular epiphytes.

Our findings suggest that assessing multiple drivers of leaf trait variation among photosynthetic pathways is key for disentangling the mechanisms underlying responses of vascular epiphytes to environmental conditions.

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