bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐dialysis fatigue: Comparison of bicarbonate hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration
Authors: Bossola Maurizio , Monteburini Tania , Parodi Emanuele , Santarelli Stefano , Sirolli Vittorio , Cenerelli Stefano , Bonomini Mario , de Ninno Grazia , di Stasio Enrico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe present cross‐sectional study aimed to compare the prevalence, the characteristics of post‐dialysis fatigue and the length of recovery time after hemodialysis in prevalent end‐stage renal disease patients (ESRD) receiving bicarbonate hemodialysis (HD) or hemodiafiltration (HDF).MethodsPatients were suffering from post‐dialysis fatigue if they spontaneously offered this complaint when asked the open‐ended question: “Do you feel fatigued after dialysis?”. Moreover, each patient was invited to rate the intensity, duration, and frequency of post‐dialysis fatigue from 1 to 5. In order to assess RECOVERY TIME AFTER DIALYSIS, patients were invited to answer to the following single open‐ended question: “How long does it take you to recover from a dialysis session?”FindingsWe included 335 patients: 252 received HD and 83 received HDF. Post‐dialysis fatigue was present in 204 patients (60.9%). Prevalence of post‐dialysis fatigue did not differ significantly between patients on HD (62.3%) and on HDF (56.6%; p = 0.430). Median recovery time after dialysis was 180 min [180–240] and did not differ significantly between the two subgroups (180 min [130–240] and 240 min [120–332] p = 0.671, respectively). Median post‐dialysis fatigue intensity, duration, and frequency were 3 [1–5], 3 [1–5], and 4 [1–5] and did not differ significantly between patients on HD and on HDF. At the multivariate analysis, age, ADL and hemoglobin levels were the independent predictors of the HDF treatment.DiscussionPrevalence and characteristics of post‐dialysis fatigue do not differ significantly between patients receiving bicarbonate HD or HDF.
Comparison of microwave irradiation and conventional thermal heating on volatile profiles and degree of oxidation in corn oil
Authors: Kim SeHyuk , Choi Hyuk , Lee YoonHee , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: November 2022

SummaryVolatile profiles and degree of oxidation in corn oils after microwave treatment for 50 min were compared to oils with conventional heating at 180°C for 4 h. Oil microwaved for 10 and 50 min showed a similar degree of oxidation compared to the oil heated at 180°C for 1 and 3 h, respectively, based on the primary and secondary oxidation products. However, the total volatile contents of 50 min‐microwaved oil were significantly lower than that of corn oil heated for 1 h at 180°C (P < 0.05). Microwave treatment accelerated the rates of lipid oxidation by 4.6 times compared to 180°C thermal oxidation. Relatively short treatment with microwave irradiation may not provide sufficient time to generate volatiles from oil. Microwaved corn oil for 50 min had higher contents of hexanal and t‐2‐heptenal and lower contents of 2,4‐decadienal and nonanal than the oils heated at 180°C for 3 h. Reactive oxygen species may be involved in volatile formation in microwave‐irradiated oils.
Physiology and pathology of the C3 amplification cycle: A retrospective
Authors: Peters Keith 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe C3 “Tickover” hypothesis, a mechanism whereby the host maintains constant surveillance of potential invading pathogens, targeting them for elimination through amplified C3b generation and C3‐dependent effector mechanisms, was proposed by the late Professor Peter Lachmann in 1973. This unique insight came from a combined understanding of the complement system as it was then defined and the nature of the disease process in rare complement deficiencies and complement‐driven diseases. In this review, I give a personal perspective of how understanding of “Tickover” has developed in the subsequent 50 years, culminating in the introduction into the clinic of therapeutic agents designed to combat amplification‐driven disease.
The neutrophil: A key resourceful agent in immune‐mediated vasculitis
Authors: Aymonnier Karen , Amsler Jennifer , Lamprecht Peter , Salama Alan , Witko‐Sarsat Véronique 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe term “vasculitis” refers to a group of rare immune‐mediated diseases characterized by the dysregulated immune system attacking blood vessels located in any organ of the body, including the skin, lungs, and kidneys. Vasculitides are classified according to the size of the vessel that is affected. Although this observation is not specific to small‐, medium‐, or large‐vessel vasculitides, patients show a high circulating neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of neutrophils in these diseases. As first responders to infection or inflammation, neutrophils release cytotoxic mediators, including reactive oxygen species, proteases, and neutrophil extracellular traps. If not controlled, this dangerous arsenal can injure the vascular system, which acts as the main transport route for neutrophils, thereby amplifying the initial inflammatory stimulus and the recruitment of immune cells. This review highlights the ability of neutrophils to “set the tone” for immune cells and other cells in the vessel wall. Considering both their long‐established and newly described roles, we extend their functions far beyond their direct host‐damaging potential. We also review the roles of neutrophils in various types of primary vasculitis, including immune complex vasculitis, anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and Behçet's disease.
The development of advanced practice nurses in Singapore
Authors: Xu Changqing , Koh Karen W. L. , Zhou Wentao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of advanced practice nursing has evolved globally over the past decades and has become an important component in the contemporary healthcare system. The term ‘advanced practice nurse’ is used to refer to nurses practising at a higher level than traditional nurses and is defined as a registered nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision‐making skills and clinical competencies for expanded practice. In 2003, Singapore embarked on the development of advanced practice nurses as an initiative to improve the nursing professional image, retain excellent clinical nurses and fill the gaps in the provision of healthcare services for the ageing population. This paper documents Singapore's journey of advanced practice nursing development and shares our unique learning experience in the aspects of education, certification, registration and scope of practice.
The antecedents and consequences of intergroup affective polarisation on social media
Authors: Wakefield Robin L. , Wakefield Kirk 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial media platforms enable like‐minded users to form online groups, interact and thereby contribute to ideological polarisation. However, online groups also polarise along a continuum of liking or affect for their group compared to other groups. We explore affective polarisation on social media and its implications for online intergroup interaction. Using social identity theory, we investigate the effects of group identification, passion, and affective polarisation on social media users' intergroup approach and avoidance tendencies. We test the research model in the context of political groups on social media. We find group identification contributes to affective polarisation by strengthening favouritism for the ingroup rather than hostility for the outgroup. Although those with greater group identification prefer to confront (approach) the opposition group on social media, the behaviour is a function of inflated feelings for the ingroup more so than animus for the outgroup. Interestingly, users with greater affective polarisation tend to shut out (avoid) the rival group on social media. Our findings imply affective polarisation contributes to group isolation that may exacerbate ideological polarisation.
Patient‐mediated interventions in hospital: A systematic review
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Roberts Shelley , Muir Rachel , Jerofke‐Owen Teresa , Ting Christine , Thorning Sarah , Heyland Daren K. , Marshall Andrea P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe the characteristics of hospital‐based, patient‐mediated interventions and their impact on patient, clinician and organization outcomes.DesignSystematic review.Data SourcesHealth literature databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE) were searched in August 2021. Backward and forward citation searching was conducted.Review MethodsStudies investigating patient‐mediated interventions, targeted at adult hospitalized patients were eligible. Data were extracted related to study and intervention characteristics. Narrative synthesis was used to understand intervention impact on patient, clinician and organization outcomes (as per a framework). Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool.ResultsThirty‐three studies, reporting 18 interventions, were included. Twelve interventions prompted patients to report health information about their own health/needs/concerns and six interventions encouraged patients to provide feedback about clinical practice. Across all interventions, there was evidence that patients used patient‐mediated interventions and that they may improve patient communication. Healthcare professional outcomes were mixed for actual/intended use, acceptability and usefulness of interventions; yet there was some evidence of healthcare professional behaviour change. Interventions that encouraged patients to report health information about their own health/needs/concerns appeared more successful than other types of interventions.ConclusionsThere is some evidence that hospital‐based patient‐mediated interventions may influence patient communication and healthcare professional behaviour. Patient‐mediated interventions that encourage patients to report patient data before a clinical encounter may be more impactful than interventions that encourage patient feedback during or post‐encounter.ImpactTo date, most patient‐mediated intervention research has been conducted in primary care settings; we uncovered the types of patient‐mediated interventions that have been trialled in hospitals. We found that patient communication and healthcare professional behaviour may be influenced by these patient‐mediated interventions. Future researchers could explore the suitability and effectiveness of a wider range of hospital‐based patient‐mediated interventions.No patient or public contributionThere was no funding to remunerate a patient/member of the public for this review.
The effect of medical/therapeutic clowns on the playfulness of children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Feniger‐Schaal Rinat , Stern Amitai , Elizarov Einat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlay is an essential component of children's development. Children with intellectual disability tend to have poor socioemotional abilities and impaired play. This study examined the effects of a medical/therapeutic clowning play intervention on the playfulness of children with intellectual disability.MethodTwo medical clowns facilitated a play intervention in a preschool classroom setting with a total of 52 children with intellectual disability. We compared before and after two groups that received the intervention: group 1 met the medical clowns once a week for 6 months (long‐intervention group) and group 2 for 3 months (short intervention group). Children's functioning was assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales. Children's playfulness was scored using the Test of Playfulness observational assessment. A teachers' focus‐ group was used to gather additional information on the clowns' work.ResultsChildren's playfulness increased significantly at the end of the intervention, whereas the improvement in the playfulness scores of group 1 was significantly larger than those of group 2 (t50 = −4.82, p < .001). The teachers' focus group revealed additional benefits of the medical clowns' work.ConclusionThe results shed light on the play and playfulness of children with intellectual disability and the possible contribution of a clowning play intervention to their development.
Trustworthy remote assessments: A typology of pedagogical and technological strategies
Authors: Hilliger Isabel , Ruipérez‐Valiente José A. , Alexandron Giora , Gašević Dragan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOnline learning has grown significantly during the past two decades, and COVID‐19 pandemic has expedited this process. However, previous research has shown how academic dishonesty is more prevalent under these modalities. Therefore, there is the challenge of performing trustworthy remote assessments, in order to obtain valid and reliable measures of students' knowledge.ObjectivesThe research question that drove this research was: what actions have been proposed in contemporary research to improve remote assessment trustworthiness from a technological and pedagogical perspective?MethodsWe analysed the papers accepted for the special issue titled ‘Trustworthy Assessment and Academic Integrity in Remote Learning’ following a deductive qualitative category coding methodology to find the main approaches.Results and conclusionsWe identified eight approaches to improve trustworthiness in remote assessment: four for exams and high‐stake tests, one exclusively for performance‐based assessments, and three for any type of assessment. Our findings shift attention from academic dishonesty to trustworthy assessment, integrating recent findings of papers accepted to this special issue.ImplicationsOur findings deepen current understanding of trustworthy remote assessments, inviting practitioners and researchers to explore different types of assessment methods and different moments related to assessing learning.
Readmission and adverse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with dementia
Authors: Park Dae Yong , Hu Jiun‐Ruey , Alexander Karen P. , Nanna Michael G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs the population ages, clinicians increasingly encounter ischemic heart disease in patients with underlying dementia. Therefore, we quantified differences in inhospital adverse events and 30‐day readmission rates among patients with and without dementia undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsUsing the National Readmissions Database 2017–2018, we identified 755,406 index hospitalizations in which PCI was performed, of which 17,309 (2.3%) had a diagnosis of dementia. After propensity score matching patients with and without dementia, we assessed 30‐day readmission and inhospital adverse events by Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression modeling and compared them with those of other common cardiac (pacemaker placement [PP]) and noncardiac (hip replacement surgery [HRS]) procedures.ResultsThirty‐day readmission was significantly higher in patients with dementia than patients without dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–1.74). Patients with dementia also experienced higher odds of delirium (odds ratio [OR] 4.37, CI 3.69–5.16), inhospital mortality (OR 1.15, CI 1.01–1.30), cardiac arrest (OR 1.19, CI 1.01–1.39), acute kidney injury (OR 1.30, CI 1.21–1.39), and fall (OR 2.51, CI 2.06–3.07). On multivariable Cox modeling, dementia independently predicted 30‐day readmission (HR 1.14, CI 1.07–1.20). The higher readmission risk with PCI (11%) among those with dementia was similar to that of patients undergoing PP (10%), but lower than in those undergoing HRS (41%).ConclusionPatients with dementia who undergo PCI experience significantly increased rates of inhospital delirium, mortality, kidney injury, falls, and 30‐day readmission. These adverse outcomes should be considered during shared decision‐making with patients and their families.
Improving performance and self‐efficacy of novice nurses using hybrid simulation‐based mastery learning
Authors: Takashiki Rinko , Komatsu Junko , Nowicki Mari , Moritoki Yuki , Okazaki Mieko , Ohshima Shigetoshi , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Nomura Kyoko , Ouchi Gen , Berg Benjamin W. , Shirakawa Hideko , Nakayama Katsutoshi , Takahashi Naoto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimAcute chest pain is a commonly encountered symptom in hospital medical/surgical units; however, almost half of nurses in their second year of clinical experience in our facility have reported struggling to care for acute chest pain patients. We developed, implemented, and examined the effectiveness of a simulation‐based, mastery learning clinical nursing educational program to improve self‐efficacy and performance in caring for patients with acute chest pain.MethodsThe study adopted a single‐site, single‐cohort design using simulation‐based performance assessment and self‐efficacy surveys on a convenience sample of 37 second‐year clinical nurse participants in multi‐stage hybrid mastery learning educational intervention using asynchronous e‐learning, and hands‐on simulation training and assessment with feedback on caring for chest pain patients. Performance assessments and self‐efficacy surveys were administered pre‐, post‐, and 5 months post‐intervention.ResultsClinical performance on the post‐ and 5 months follow‐up assessments were significantly higher than those for the pre‐test (P < .0001). The self‐efficacy scores for the post‐ and the 5 months follow‐up assessments were significantly higher than the pre‐course scores (P < .0001). Participants' self‐efficacy perceptions were positively correlated with their performances at 5 months post‐intervention.ConclusionPerformance and self‐efficacy of novice nurses in caring for acute chest pain patients improved significantly with the multi‐stage hybrid mastery learning educational intervention, with improvements retained 5 months post‐intervention. The results suggest the applicability of simulation‐based mastery learning in a clinical setting for novice nurses to attain specific skills, and raise their self‐perception of competence to care for patients in acute settings.
3D differential interference contrast microscopy using polarisation‐sensitive tomographic diffraction microscopy
Authors: Verrier Nicolas , Taddese Asemare Mengistie , Abbessi Riadh , Debailleul Matthieu , Haeberlé Olivier 
Published: November 2022

SummaryTomographic diffraction microscopy (TDM) is a generalisation of digital holographic microscopy (DHM), for which the illumination angle onto the sample is fully controlled, which has become a tool of choice for 3D, high‐resolution imaging of unlabelled samples. TDM makes it possible to obtain the optical field in both amplitude and phase for each illumination angle. Proper information reallocation eventually allows for 3D reconstruction of the complex refractive index map. On the other hand, polarisation array sensors (PAS) paves new way for TDM, as vectorial information assessment about the investigated sample. In this contribution, we show an alternative use of this polarisation information based on the phase sensitive nature of TDM. Here, we demonstrated that TDM coupled with PAS can lead to a 3D differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope with almost no experimental configuration modification.
Soap or alcohol‐based products? The effect of hand hygiene on skin characteristics during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chopin‐Doroteo Mario , Krötzsch Edgar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDifferent strategies for hand skin hygiene have been used to prevent the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2. However, frequent hand sanitization has been associated with skin damage. The present study aimed to evaluate hand hygiene habits during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the effect of the repetitive use of soap or alcohol‐based products on skin characteristics.MethodsWe conducted a survey regards hand hygiene habits acquired during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Also, we performed cutometry in a cohort of individuals who cleansed their volar forearms every 30 min, during 4 h, using soap or alcohol‐based products.ResultsWe received 138 responses from people with medium‐high educational level who reported a 2.5‐time increase in the frequency of hand cleansing (p < 0.0001) that resulted in skin damage. An in vivo analysis of skin moisture and elasticity was also performed among 19 health workers and students. In general, skin moisture decreased with every cleansing, mainly after 2 h of washing with soap (p < 0.01), while skin elasticity only reduced after 4 h of treatment (p < 0.05). Alcohol‐based solution or alcohol‐based gel (70% ethanol, both) did not affect skin moisture or elasticity during testing.ConclusionIt is known that the excessive use of soap or alcohol‐based products causes dermatological issues. The present study demonstrates that non‐medicated soap significantly affects skin moisture and elasticity, probably because the soap removes the hydrolipidic protective barrier, favoring transepidermal water loss, where the lack of the appropriate stratum corneum hydration also affects skin elasticity, mainly associated with changes in epidermal structure.
Influence of preconception carbohydrate intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Omoto Takahiro , Kyozuka Hyo , Murata Tsuyoshi , Imaizumi Karin , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fukuda Toma , Isogami Hirotaka , Yasuda Shun , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya ,   the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a crucial cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine whether preconception carbohydrate intake is associated with new‐onset HDP and small for gestational age (SGA) births.MethodsWe identified 93 265 normotensive (primiparous, 37 387; multiparous, 55 878) participants from the Japan Environmental Children's Study database who delivered between 2011 and 2014. After excluding participants with multiple gestations, preconception hypertension, and insufficient data, primiparous and multiparous participants were categorized into five groups according to their preconception carbohydrate‐intake quintiles (Q1 and Q5 were the lowest and highest groups, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the effect of preconception carbohydrate intake on early (<34 weeks) and late‐onset (≥34 weeks) HDP and the incidence of SGA births.ResultsWith the middle carbohydrate intake group (Q3) as a reference, the risk for late‐onset HDP among multiparous women was higher in the Q5 group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.69). The incidence of SGA births was higher in the Q1 group among both primiparous (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33) and multiparous women (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32).ConclusionsExcessive carbohydrate intake increases the incidence of HDP in multiparous women, while low‐carbohydrate intake increases the incidence of SGA births. New recommendations for preconception carbohydrate intake are required to prevent major HDP‐related complications.