bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLYING POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH FOR GRADE VII IN SMP PANGUDI LUHUR 1 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Dyah Emmelia , Angelina Patricia 
Published: April 2022

This research aims to find out how the positive reinforcement is given to motivate the seventh grade students in SMP Pangudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta and to explain the benefits of applying positive reinforcement. In order to answer the two research problems; how is positive reinforcement given to motivate the students in SMP Pangudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta and what are the benefits of applying positive reinforcement in SMP Pangudi Luhur 1 Yogyakarta, the researcher used mixed-method for this research. The researcher used three theories in order to answer the first and second research problems. For the first problem, the researcher used the theory from Becker, Engelman, and Thomas (1975) which explained about the ways of apply positive reinforcement.Meanwhile, the theories from Al-Tamimi and Shuib (2009) and Maehr (1984) which defined about the benefits of applying positive reinforcement were used to answer the second research problem. Those threetheories used as the foundation in making observation checklist and questionnaire. The researcher applied Classroom Action Research (CAR) for this research. The research showed that applying positive reinforcement in the form of giving praise and extra score was used by English tutor to motivate the students in learning English.
STUDENTS’ PROFILES THROUGH LEARNING APPROACHES USING BIGGS’ STUDY PROCESS QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Astika Gusti , Sumakul Toar Y. G. 
Published: April 2022

A number of studies show that students' approaches to learning are important elements to achieve success. Learning approache provides perspectives on the characterisics of good learners. Using R-SPQ-2F (Biggs, Kember, & Leung, 2001), a revised version of Biggs' (1987) Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ), this study attempted to explore the learning approaches of first year students of 2013 academic year at an English Education Program at a private university in Central Java. The purpose of the study was to find out if there was a correlation between the students' approaches to learning and their achievement in an Integrated Course (IC), and describe the profile of their approaches to learning English in the first semester. From 151 respondents participated in this study, it was found that, although weak, there was a positive correlation between students’ achievement scores and their Deep Approach to learning, and a negative correlation between their IC scores and their Surface Approach to learning. This study also found that Deep Motive was associated with the students' achievement. However, the students' profile based on SPQ indicated that the study could not predict the students at risk. Other factors could have affected the students' achievement in their learning.
Crossed functional specialization between the basal ganglia and cerebellum during vocal emotion decoding: Insights from stroke and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Thomasson Marine , Benis Damien , Voruz Philippe , Saj Arnaud , Vérin Marc , Assal Frédéric , Grandjean Didier , Péron Julie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence that both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum play functional roles in emotion processing, either directly or indirectly, through their connections with cortical and subcortical structures. However, the lateralization of this complex processing in emotion recognition remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated emotional prosody recognition in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (model of basal ganglia dysfunction) or cerebellar stroke patients, as well as in matched healthy controls (n = 24 in each group). We analysed performances according to the lateralization of the predominant brain degeneration/lesion. Results showed that a right (basal ganglia and cerebellar) hemispheric dysfunction was likely to induce greater deficits than a left one. Moreover, deficits following left hemispheric dysfunction were only observed in cerebellar stroke patients, and these deficits resembled those observed after degeneration of the right basal ganglia. Additional analyses taking disease duration / time since stroke into consideration revealed a worsening of performances in patients with predominantly right-sided lesions over time. These results point to the differential, but complementary, involvement of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in emotional prosody decoding, with a probable hemispheric specialization according to the level of cognitive integration.
Analysis of Five Double-lined Spectroscopic Eclipsing Binaries Observed with TESS and LAMOST
Authors: Lei Yajuan , Li Guangwei , Zhou Guiping , Li Chunqian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on analysis of high-precision photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite combining with spectroscopy from the medium-resolution spectra of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, we investigated five double-lined spectroscopic eclipsing binaries (TIC 0165626871, TIC 0159105847, TIC 0122446076, TIC 0349294422, and TIC 0155968973). With the help of Wilson–Devinney program, we accurately derived their absolute stellar parameters. TIC 0165626871, TIC 0159105847, and TIC 0122446076 were identified as detached binaries, while TIC 0349294422 and TIC 0155968973 were recognized as A-subtype and W-subtype W UMa-type systems, respectively. Especially, absolute parameters of four binaries except for TIC 0122446076 were obtained for the first time. TIC 0165626871 also shows light variations of out-of-eclipse phases, which are probably contributed by starspots. The light pulsations of TIC 0122446076 could originate from the primary star that is located in the classical Cepheid instability strip. Evolutionary states of all stars were also discussed.
A Dearth of Close-in Stellar Companions to M-dwarf TESS Objects of Interest
Authors: Clark Catherine A. , van Belle Gerard T. , Ciardi David R. , Lund Michael B. , Howell Steve B. , Everett Mark E. , Beichman Charles A. , Winters Jennifer G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
TESS has proven to be a powerful resource for finding planets, including those that orbit the most prevalent stars in our galaxy: M dwarfs. Identification of stellar companions (both bound and unbound) has become a standard component of the transiting planet confirmation process in order to assess the level of light-curve dilution and the possibility of the target being a false positive. Studies of stellar companions have also enabled investigations into stellar multiplicity in planet-hosting systems, which has wide-ranging implications for both exoplanet detection and characterization, as well as for the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Speckle and AO imaging are some of the most efficient and effective tools for revealing close-in stellar companions; we therefore present observations of 58 M-dwarf TOIs obtained using a suite of speckle imagers at the 3.5 m WIYN telescope, the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope, and the 8.1 m Gemini North and South telescopes. These observations, as well as near-infrared adaptive optics images obtained for a subset (14) of these TOIs, revealed only two close-in stellar companions. Upon surveying the literature, and cross-matching our sample with Gaia, SUPERWIDE, and the catalog from El-Badry et al., we reveal an additional 15 widely separated common proper motion companions. We also evaluate the potential for undetected close-in companions. Taking into consideration the sensitivity of the observations, our findings suggest that the orbital period distribution of stellar companions to planet-hosting M dwarfs is shifted to longer periods compared to the expected distribution for field M dwarfs.
ALMA Detections of [O iii] and [C ii] Emission Lines From A1689-zD1 at z = 7.13
Authors: Wong Yi Hang Valerie , Wang Poya , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Takagi Toshinobu , Goto Tomotsugu , Kim Seong Jin , Wu Cossas K.-W. , On Alvina Y. L. , D. Santos Daryl Joe , Lu Ting-Yi , Kilerci-Eser Ece , Ho Simon C.-C. , Hsiao Tiger Y.-Y. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A1689-zD1 is one of the most distant galaxies, discovered with the aid of gravitational lensing, providing us with an important opportunity to study galaxy formation in the very early universe. In this study, we report the detection of [C ii]158 μm and [O iii]88 μm emission lines of A1689-zD1 in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Bands 6 and 8. We measure the redshift of this galaxy as z
sys = 7.133 ± 0.005 based on the [C ii] and [O iii] emission lines, consistent with that adopted by Bakx et al. The observed L
[O III]/L
[C II] ratio is 2.09 ± 0.09, higher than that of most of the local galaxies, but consistent with other z ∼ 7 galaxies. The moderate spatial resolution of ALMA data provided us with a precious opportunity to investigate spatial variation of L
[O III]/L
[C II]. In contrast to the average value of 2.09, we find a much higher L
[O III]/L
[C II] of ∼7 at the center of the galaxy. This spatial variation of L
[O III]/L
[C II] was seldom reported for other high-z galaxies. It is also interesting that the peak of the ratio does not overlap with optical peaks. Possible physical reasons include a central active galactic nucleus, shock heating from merging, and a starburst. Our moderate spatial resolution data also reveal that in addition to the observed two clumps shown in previous Hubble Space Telescope images, there is a redshifted segment to the west of the northern optical clump. This structure is consistent with previous claims that A1689-zD1 is a merging galaxy, but with the northern redshifted part being some ejected material, or that the northern redshifted material stems from a third more highly obscured region of the galaxy.
Emission Variation of a Long-period Pulsar Discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST)
Authors: Tedila H. M. , Yuen R. , Wang N. , Yuan J. P. , Wen Z. G. , Yan W. M. , Wang S. Q. , Dang S. J. , Li D. , Wang P. , Zhu W. W. , Niu J. R. , Miao C. C. , Xue M. Y. , Zhang L. , Tu Z. Y. , Rejep R. , Xie J. T. ,   FAST Collaboration
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on the variation in the single-pulse emission from PSR J1900+4221 (CRAFTS 19C10) observed at frequency centered at 1.25 GHz using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope. The integrated pulse profile shows two distinct components, referred to here as the leading and trailing components, with the latter component also containing a third weak component. The single-pulse sequence reveals different emissions demonstrating as nulling, regular, and bright pulses, each with a particular abundance and duration distribution. There also exists pulses that follow a log-normal distribution suggesting the possibility of another emission, in which the pulsar is radiating weakly. Changes in the profile shape are seen across different emissions. We examine the emission variations in the leading and trailing components collectively and separately, and find moderate correlation between the two components. The inclination angle is estimated to be about 7° based on pulse-width, and we discuss that nulling in this pulsar does not seem to show correlation with age and rotation period.
Disruption of a Planetary Nitrogen Cycle as Evidence of Extraterrestrial Agriculture
Authors: Haqq-Misra Jacob , Fauchez Thomas J. , Schwieterman Edward W. , Kopparapu Ravi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Agriculture is one of the oldest forms of technology on Earth. The cultivation of plants requires a terrestrial planet with active hydrological and carbon cycles and depends on the availability of nitrogen in soil. The technological innovation of agriculture is the active management of this nitrogen cycle by applying fertilizer to soil, at first through the production of manure excesses but later by the Haber–Bosch industrial process. The use of such fertilizers has increased the atmospheric abundance of nitrogen-containing species such as NH3 and N2O as agricultural productivity intensifies in many parts of the world. Both NH3 and N2O are effective greenhouse gases, and the combined presence of these gases in the atmosphere of a habitable planet could serve as a remotely detectable spectral signature of technology. Here we use a synthetic spectral generator to assess the detectability of NH3 and N2O that would arise from present-day and future global-scale agriculture. We show that present-day Earth abundances of NH3 and N2O would be difficult to detect, but hypothetical scenarios involving a planet with 30–100 billion people could show a change in transmittance of about 50%–70% compared to preagricultural Earth. These calculations suggest the possibility of considering the simultaneous detection of NH3 and N2O in an atmosphere that also contains H2O, O2, and CO2 as a technosignature for extraterrestrial agriculture. The technology of agriculture is one that could be sustainable across geologic timescales, so the spectral signature of such an “ExoFarm” is worth considering in the search for technosignatures.
On the Phase-mixed Eccentricity and Inclination Distributions of Wide Binaries in the Galaxy
Authors: Hamilton Chris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Modern observational surveys allow us to probe the distribution function (DF) of the Keplerian orbital elements of wide binaries in the solar neighborhood. This DF exhibits nontrivial features, in particular a superthermal distribution of eccentricities for semimajor axes a ≳ 103 au. To interpret such features we must first understand how the binary DF is affected by dynamical perturbations, which typically fall into two classes: (i) stochastic kicks from passing stars, molecular clouds, etc. and (ii) secular torques from the Galactic tide. Here we isolate effect (ii) and calculate the time-asymptotic, phase-mixed DF for an ensemble of wide binaries under quadrupole-order tides. For binaries wide enough that the phase-mixing assumption is valid, none of our results depend explicitly on semimajor axes, masses, etc. We show that unless the initial DF is both isotropic in binary orientation and thermal in eccentricity, then the final phase-mixed DF is always both anisotropic and nonthermal. However, the only way to produce a superthermal DF under phase mixing is for the initial DF to itself be superthermal.
Signature of Supersonic Turbulence in Galaxy Clusters Revealed by AGN-driven Hα Filaments
Authors: Hu 胡 Haojie 豪杰 , Qiu 邱 Yu 宇 , Gendron-Marsolais Marie-Lou , Bogdanović Tamara , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , Ho Luis C. , Inayoshi Kohei , McNamara Brian R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The hot intracluster medium (ICM) is thought to be quiescent with low observed velocity dispersions. Surface brightness fluctuations of the ICM also suggest that its turbulence is subsonic with a Kolmogorov scaling relation, indicating that the viscosity is suppressed and the kinetic energy cascades to small scales unscathed. However, recent observations of the cold gas filaments in galaxy clusters find that the scaling relations are steeper than that of the hot plasma, signaling kinetic energy losses and the presence of supersonic flows. In this work we use high-resolution simulations to explore the turbulent velocity structure of the cold filaments at the cores of galaxy clusters. Our results indicate that supersonic turbulent structures can be “frozen” in the cold gas that cools and fragments out of a fast, ∼107 K outflow driven by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN), when the radiative cooling time is shorter than the dynamical sound-crossing time. After the cold gas formation, however, the slope of the velocity structure function (VSF) flattens significantly over short, ∼10 Myr timescales. The lack of flattened VSF in observations of Hα filaments indicates that the Hα-emitting phase is short-lived for the cold gas in galaxy clusters. On the other hand, the ubiquity of supersonic turbulence revealed by observed filaments strongly suggests that supersonic outflows are an integral part of AGN–ICM interaction, and that AGN activity plays a crucial role at driving turbulence in galaxy clusters.
Le droit est le masque de la lutte
Authors: Ibos Caroline 
Published: April 2022

À partir d’une observation menée dans un syndicat grassroots de travailleuses domestiques « salariées du particulier-employeur » (le SNAP/SPE), l’article analyse les usages du droit liés à ce que ces femmes qualifient de « discriminations ». Certaines d’entre elles, s’estimant victimes d’abus particulièrement dégradants, espèrent rétablir leur dignité par l’action contentieuse. Sollicité pour les conseiller et les assister dans leurs démarches, le syndicat cherche à la fois à obtenir réparation pour les plaignantes et à renforcer sa position sur la scène des relations professionnelles : par une utilisation pointilleuse de la convention collective, il cherche à requalifier la violence de race en violation du droit du travail. En mobilisant une approche intersectionnelle, cette contribution explore ainsi les stratégies complexes d’un collectif de femmes subalternes et racisées, pour lutter au croisement des rapports de domination, dans un contexte social qui, prompt à dénoncer le communautarisme, invisibilise la race.
Retour sur une lecture de jeunesse des thèses sur la philosophie de l’histoire
Authors: Strohl Hélène 
Published: April 2022

En 1971 paraît en France le premier recueil de textes de Walter Benjamin. L’auteure de cet article, alors très jeune étudiante en histoire et proche des idées de l’ultra-gauche allemande commente les « Thèses sur la philosophie de l’histoire » dans une longue introduction à une traduction d’un militant ultra-gauche allemand, Otto Rühle (1924). À l’époque, elle lit cet essai comme un hymne nostalgique célébrant les vaincus de l’histoire, les conseillistes allemands, les anarchistes espagnols. Mais n’est-ce pas la notion même de révolution, de prise de pouvoir qui génère la tristesse ? celle qui empêcha Walter Benjamin de repartir à l’assaut de la frontière espagnole pour un nouvel exil ?
Un imaginaire « dialogique » d’Umberto Eco dans La structure absente : le crépuscule de la raison
Authors: Portanova Barros Eduardo , Lopes Alves Fábio , Barcelos de Moura Abreu Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Cet article traite de l’imaginaire du biais « dialogique » comme principe à la fois complémentaire et antagoniste de La structure absente d’Umberto Eco. Pour Eco, une épistémologie de la différence vise à montrer les diverses manières de caractériser la structure dont la nature n’est pas, à son avis, un facteur unique. Et, comme nous le verrons, c’est pour penser le caractère épistémique du terme « structure » qu’Eco y ajouta le mot « absent ». Mais pas comme un déni : comme un doute, une ouverture et une possibilité sur ce que nous appellerons, pour l’instant, un crépuscule de la Raison, le tragique.
La muralla romana de Tortosa. Un proyecto defensivo de la Antigüedad Tardía
Authors: Ferré Anguix Ramon , Diloli Fons Jordi 
Published: April 2022

Las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas entre 2015 y 2020 frente a la Catedral de Santa María en Tortosa (Tarragona), han generado una gran cantidad de documentación sobre la evolución urbana de la ciudad en época antigua. Entre los restos exhumados destaca la localización de un tramo de 60 m de la muralla romana, construida presumiblemente entre finales del siglo IV y el inicio del siglo V, para proteger la fachada de ribera de Tortosa. Una de las características más destacables de esta fortificación es la utilización de la técnica del opus africanum en un tramo de su fachada exterior. Cabe indicar que el conocimiento sobre la muralla romana de Dertosa era prácticamente nulo hasta esta intervención. La construcción del muro defensivo afectó a una batería de tabernae edificadas en época alto-imperial, cuyas estructuras fueron reconstruidas y adaptadas como espacios aparentemente dependientes de la fortificación.
Polemics and populism in times of pandemic: Legitimation and construction of authority in Bolsonaro’s addresses
Authors: Abécassis Claire Sukiennik 
Published: April 2022

This article examines the way the Brazilian President J. Bolsonaro reinforces his legitimacy and builds his authority in a populist discourse of a polemical type, gratifying for himself while attacking his adversaries. To do so, he tries to justify his refusal of health measures and at the same time to reinforce his ethos as a strong leader and a Savior, in two major national speeches as well as in his reactions to the attacks. The argumentative analysis shows how his efforts collided with and responded to a counter-discourse that developed into a public controversy. The reception of his speech shows the attacks against his person and his discourse which he must confront to restore his legitimacy and rebuild his authority.
Mechanisms of Apprenticeship in Late Medieval Genoa: Training, Actors and Networks (Thirteenth – Fourteenth Centuries)
Authors: Bezzina Denise 
Published: April 2022

L’article analyse l’apprentissage dans la ville portuaire de Gênes aux xiiie et xive siècles sur la base d'un large échantillon d’actes notariés. Le but est de clarifier certains aspects de la formation, et des réseaux, et d’identifier les principaux acteurs impliqués. Trois aspects seront abordés : le premier concerne le genre et l’absence apparente des femmes dans le circuit de formation ; le deuxième porte sur la nature du contrat et les conditions qu’il établit ; la dernière partie de l’article examine les réseaux de recrutement en soulignant l’importance des liens sociaux, en particulier pour les apprentis qui venaient de lieux éloignés
Canada’s response to invasion by Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Ontario
Authors: Turgeon J.J. , Gasman B. , Smith M.T. , Pedlar J.H. , Orr M. , Fournier R.E. , Doyle J. , Ric J. , Scarr T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA reproductive population of the Asian longhorned beetle,Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an adventive insect from Asia, was discovered in 2003 in an urban landscape in Ontario, Canada. This polyphagous beetle, which attacks maples,Acerspp. (Sapindaceae), had the potential to seriously and permanently alter the composition and structure of forests in eastern North America. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) developed and implemented an eradication programme, with partners from various agencies in both Canada and the United States of America. Surveys were used to delineate the infestation and establish a regulated area around it. Treatment consisted of removing and destroying both trees with signs ofA. glabripennisinjury and trees assumed at high risk of being injured within the regulated area. After nine years of monitoring the regulated area, the CFIA declaredA. glabripenniseradicated on 5 April 2013. Herein, we detail the response undertaken, summarise lessons learned, and provide preliminary observations and results pertaining to the arrival, establishment, and spread ofA. glabripennisin Ontario.