bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Puma concolor potential distribution and connectivity in the Colombian Llanos
Authors: González-Maya José F. , Rojano Cesar , Ávila Renzo , Gómez-Junco Ginna P. , Moreno-Díaz Catalina , Hurtado-Moreno Angela P. , Paredes-Casas Camilo A. , Lemus-Mejía Leonardo , Zárrate-Charry Diego A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding species distribution to target biodiversity conservation actions in countries with high biodiversity, scarce data availability and low study sites accessibility is very challenging. These issues limit management and conservation actions even on charismatic and potentially conflictive species like large carnivores. We developed a geographic assessment of the potential distribution, core patches and connectivity areas for Puma concolor in the Colombian Llanos (Orinoco region). To create this geographic representation, we used methodological approaches that work with scarce information and still provide a spatially-explicit distribution that could be used by stakeholders. Our results show the importance that the Llanos region has for the conservation of the species and the potential role that can have to ensure a resident long-term population. Based on our approach, more than 50,000 km2 (near to 30% of the study area) can be still considered as core habitats for the species, and most of them are still connected, with spatial gaps lower than the estimated dispersal distance of the species and several remaining steppingstones. Further research is required to validate our analysis and we expect our results can target research and conservation priorities within the region.
Advancement in hemp fibre polymer composites: a comprehensive review
Authors: Deshmukh Gauri S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Natural fibres as reinforcement for composite materials have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the past few years, largely due to ecological concerns, legislative directives and technological advancements. Hemp is one of the most popular natural fibres used as reinforcement in polymers owing to its superior mechanical properties. At present, hemp fibres have attracted the global interest of design engineers for developing composites having extensive applications in automobiles, electrical, construction and packaging industries. Although several literatures explore different aspects of hemp fibre reinforced composites, there is no proper literature that summarizes the surface treatment, processing techniques, mechanical performance and hybridization of hemp fibre composites. This review is envisioned to put forth a comprehensive summary of the research work published in the field of hemp fibre reinforced composites with special reference to the structure of hemp fibres, different methods for surface modification and processing techniques to fabricate the composites based on thermoplastic, thermoset and biopolymers. The paper also focuses on the effects of surface treatment on the mechanical performance of the composites.
Spectra of neutron wave functions in Earth’s gravitational field
Authors: Suda Martin , Faber Manfried , Bosina Joachim , Jenke Tobias , Käding Christian , Micko Jakob , Pitschmann Mario , Abele Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The time evolution of a quantum wave packet in the linear gravity potential is known as Quantum Bouncing Ball. The qBounce collaboration recently observed such a system by dropping wave packets of ultracold neutrons by a height of roughly 30 microns. In this article, space and momentum spectra as well as Wigner functions of the neutron wave functions in the gravitational field of the Earth are analyzed. We investigate the quantum states in the “preparation region”, into which they transition after exiting a narrow double-mirror system and where we would expect to observe free fall and bounces in classical physics. For this, we start from the stationary solutions and eigenvalues of the Schrödinger equation in terms of Airy functions and their zeros. Subsequently, we examine space and momentum distributions as well as Wigner functions in phase space for pure and mixed quantum states. The possible influence of Yukawa-like forces for small distances of several micrometers from the mirror is included through first order perturbation calculations. Those allow us to study the resulting modifications of space and momentum distributions, and phase space functions.
Gustatory Cortex Is Involved in Evidence Accumulation during Food Choice
Authors: Ataei Ali , Amini Arash , Ghazizadeh Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFood choice is one of the most fundamental and most frequent value-based decisions for all animals including humans. However, the neural circuitry involved in food-based decisions is only recently being addressed. Given the relatively fast dynamics of decision formation, electroencephalography (EEG)-informed fMRI analysis is highly beneficial for localizing this circuitry in humans. Here, by using the EEG correlates of evidence accumulation in a simultaneously recorded EEG-fMRI dataset, we found a significant role for the right temporal-parietal operculum (PO) and medial insula including gustatory cortex (GC) in binary choice between food items. These activations were uncovered by using the “EEG energy” (power 2 of EEG) as the BOLD regressor and were missed if conventional analysis with the EEG signal itself were to be used, in agreement with theoretical predictions for EEG and BOLD relations. No significant positive correlations were found with higher powers of EEG (powers 3 or 4) pointing to specificity and sufficiency of EEG energy as the main correlate of the BOLD response. This finding extends the role of cortical areas traditionally involved in palatability processing to value-based decision-making and offers the “EEG energy” as a key regressor of BOLD response in simultaneous EEG-fMRI designs.
Inhibition of Crmp1 Phosphorylation at Ser522 Ameliorates Motor Function and Neuronal Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice
Authors: Asano Tetsuya , Nakamura Haruko , Kawamoto Yuko , Tada Mikiko , Kimura Yayoi , Takano Hiroshi , Yao Ryoji , Saito Hiroya , Ikeda Takuya , Komiya Hiroyasu , Kubota Shun , Hashiguchi Shunta , Takahashi Keita , Kunii Misako , Tanaka Kenichi , Goshima Yoshio , Nakamura Fumio , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Doi Hiroshi , Tanaka Fumiaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects upper and lower motor neurons; however, its pathomechanism has not been fully elucidated. Using a comprehensive phosphoproteomic approach, we have identified elevated phosphorylation of Collapsin response mediator protein 1 (Crmp1) at serine 522 in the lumbar spinal cord of ALS model mice overexpressing a human superoxide dismutase mutant (SOD1G93A). We investigated the effects of Crmp1 phosphorylation and depletion inSOD1G93Amice using Crmp1S522A(Ser522→Ala) knock-in (Crmp1ki/ki) mice in which the S522 phosphorylation site was abolished andCrmp1knock-out (Crmp1−/−) mice, respectively.Crmp1ki/ki/SOD1G93Amice showed longer latency to fall in a rotarod test whileCrmp1−/−/SOD1G93Amice showed shorter latency compared withSOD1G93Amice. Survival was prolonged inCrmp1ki/ki/SOD1G93Amice but not inCrmp1−/−/SOD1G93Amice. In agreement with these phenotypic findings, residual motor neurons and innervated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were comparatively well-preserved inCrmp1ki/ki/SOD1G93Amice without affecting microglial and astroglial pathology. Pathway analysis of proteome alterations showed that the sirtuin signaling pathway had opposite effects inCrmp1ki/ki/SOD1G93AandCrmp1−/−/SOD1G93Amice. Our study indicates that modifying CRMP1 phosphorylation is a potential therapeutic strategy for ALS.
Serum levels of ghrelin and LEAP2 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: correlation with circulating glucose and lipids
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Huang Pu , Xiong Jing , Liang Xinyue , Li Mei , Ke Hao , Chen Chunli , Han Yang , Huang Yanhong , Zhou Yan , Luo Ziqiang , Feng Dandan , Chen Chen 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Ghrelin regulates body weight, food intake, and blood glucose. It also regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic islet cells. LEAP2 is a newly discovered endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue’s receptor (GHSR). It not only antagonizes the stimulation of GHSR by ghrelin but also inhibits the constitutive activation of GHSR as an inverse agonist. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients have endocrine disorders with metabolic imbalance. Plasma levels of ghrelin and LEAP2 may be changed in obese and T2D patients. However, there is no report yet on circulating LEAP2 levels or ghrelin/LEAP2 ratio in T2D patients. In this study, fasting serum ghrelin and LEAP2 levels in healthy adults and T2D patients were assessed to clarify the association of two hormones with different clinical anthropometric and metabolic parameters.

Design
A total of 16 females and 40 males, ages 23–68 years old normal (n  = 27), and T2D patients (n  = 29) were enrolled as a cross-sectional cohort.

Results
Serum levels of ghrelin were lower but serum levels of LEAP2 were higher in T2D patients. Ghrelin levels were positively correlated with fasting serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR in healthy adults. LEAP2 levels were positively correlated with age and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in all tested samples. Ghrelin/LEAP2 ratio was negatively correlated with age, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated a decrease in serum ghrelin levels and an increase in serum LEAP2 levels in T2D patients. LEAP2 levels were positively correlated with HbA1c, suggesting that LEAP2 was associated with T2D development. The ghrelin/LEAP2 ratio was closely associated with glycemic control in T2D patients showing a negative correlation with glucose and HbA1c.
Dynamic follow-up of the effects of programmed death 1 inhibitor treatment on thyroid function and sonographic features in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Xiaoya , Xiao Heng , Long Jian , Wei Qiang , Liu Liping , Zan Liping , Ren Wei 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thyroid dysfunction is common in patients treated with this therapy, although the dynamic changes in thyroid function and sonographic features remain unclear.

Methods
We analyzed 38 patients with HCC who received anti-PD-1 therapy at our hospital. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound data were extracted from electronic medical records. The grading of thyroid nodules was based on the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0.

Results
Fifteen patients (40%) had hypothyroidism, among which six had hypothyroidism at baseline, three had overt hypothyroidism, and six had subclinical hypothyroidism after anti-PD1 therapy. The proportion of patients with euthyroid function and thyroid antibody positivity was significantly lower than that of patients with thyroid dysfunction (10% vs 39%, P  < 0.05). Nine patients (24%) had irregular echo patterns on sonographic imaging, six of whom had irregular echo patterns present during the treatment, but only one had them persist until the end of treatment. At baseline, the classification of most thyroid nodules was grade 3, with a significant increase in grade 4A and 4B classifications during treatment, though most nodules remained grade 3 at the end of treatment. There were no significant differences in survival rates between the euthyroid and thyroid dysfunction groups.

Conclusion
Anti-PD-1 therapy-induced thyroid dysfunction was accompanied by changes in thyroid function, antibodies, and ultrasonography. Therefore, in patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy, close, dynamic monitoring of thyroid function, antibodies, and ultrasonographic characteristics is necessary.
Efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tng Eng-Loon , Tiong Yee Sian , Aung Aye Thida , Chong Nicole Ya Yuan , Wang Zhemin 
Published: May 2022

Background
Evidence on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in preventing stroke and thromboembolic events in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation is scarce.

Objective
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation.

Methods
Our study protocol was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration no. CRD42020222782). Four databases and two systematic review registers were searched through 25 November 2020 for interventional and observational studies comparing anticoagulation therapy with active comparators, placebo, or no treatment in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation. Random-effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Quality of evidence was described using the GRADE framework.

Results
In the study, 23,145 records were retrieved. One randomized controlled trial and eight cohort studies were ultimately included. Effect estimates on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation were extracted. Meta-analysis using the inverse variance and random-effects methods was conducted on four cohort studies with 3443 participants and 277 events. Anticoagulation in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation reduced the risk of ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism by 3% (95% CI: 1–6%). Warfarin may prevent ischemic stroke in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation if the CHA2DS2-VASc score exceeds 1 and when atrial fibrillation persists beyond 7 days. Direct oral anticoagulants may be associated with fewer bleeding events than warfarin.

Conclusions
Anticoagulation prevents ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism in people with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants may be associated with fewer bleeding events.
Convergence between germline and somatic mutations in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Ling Chao , Hong Xiafei , Xu Mengyue , Wang Yutong , Ma Xiaosen , Cui Yunying , Jiang Rui , Cao Dingyan , Wu Huanwen , Tong Anli , Zhao Yupei , Wu Wenming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are a group of clinically heterogeneous neoplasms. Although previous studies illustrated the somatic mutation pattern for PanNETs, the germline mutation pattern is still unclear. Here, we comprehensively screened the underlying germline mutations in a cohort of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-related and sporadic PanNETs to reveal the characteristics of germline mutation in PanNET patients.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with PanNETs by biopsy or surgical pathology were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were used for genomic DNA purification and subsequent sequencing. The following sequencing techniques were used and compared for validation: (1) targeted gene capture with a customized panel; (2) whole exome sequencing data from previous study.

Results
A total of 184 PanNET patients were enrolled, including 20 MEN1-related and 164 sporadic cases. In this study, MEN1 mutation rate in MEN1-related PanNETs was 60% (12/20), of which 50% were novel mutation sites. For sporadic PanNETs, the overall germline mutation rate was very low. Besides the rare MEN1 mutation, previously unreported germline variant in DAXX was found in one non-functional PanNET.

Conclusions
This study revealed distinctive germline mutation rates between MEN1-related and sporadic PanNETs. The novel MEN1 mutations contribute to revealing the spectrum of MEN1 mutations in PanNETs. The newly discovered germline variant of DAXX in sporadic PanNET implies a tendency of convergence between germline and somatic mutation genes.
Dynamic changes in LH/FSH ratios in infants with normal sex development
Authors: Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Busch Alexander S , Upners Emmie N , Fischer Margit Bistrup , Main Katharina M , Andersson Anna-Maria , Johannsen Trine Holm , Hagen Casper P , Juul Anders 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about the ratio between luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during infancy. This study aimed to evaluate serum and urinary LH/FSH as a marker of sex with age-specific cutoffs in healthy infants.

Design
A prospective, longitudinal cohort study of healthy infants aged 0–1.2 years.

Methods
In total, 236 healthy infants (122 boys and 114 girls) from The COPENHAGEN Minipuberty Study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02784184), with 567 serum and 603 urine samples, were included. Measures of diagnostic accuracy, including sensitivity and specificity, were used to assess the ability of LH/FSH to detect sex in healthy infants.

Results
In both serum and urine, LH/FSH was highest in males with minimal overlap between the sexes. In contrast to isolated LH and FSH concentrations, LH/FSH ratios in both serum and urine were excellent markers of sex from 0 to 1.2 years with median sensitivities and specificities ranging from 93 to 100% with correspondingly narrow 95% CIs.

Conclusions
Serum and urinary LH/FSH ratios are excellent discriminators of sex in healthy infants during the entire first year of life. The clinical role and application of the ratio remain to be elucidated.
Long-term methimazole therapy in Graves’ hyperthyroidism and adverse reactions: a Danish multicenter study
Authors: Karmisholt J , Andersen S L , Bulow-Pedersen I , Krejbjerg A , Nygaard B , Carlé A 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
In this prospective multicenter study with patients newly diagnosed with Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GH), we studied the timing and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in patients treated with anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) for up to 48 months.

Methods
Patients with GH were treated with ATD until remission and hereafter with a low-dose regime to keep the patients in remission. The patients were followed with blood samples and recording of adverse events approximately every second month for the first 2 years and every third month for the following 2 years.

Results
We included 208 patients and the patients were treated for a median of 22 (range: 0.5–49) months. Ten percent of the patients experienced adverse drug reactions and 75% of the cases occurred during the first 6 months. After 24 months, the methimazole dose was lowered to 5 mg/day, and after this time point, no further adverse drug reactions were recorded. Skin reactions were the most prominent reaction, comprising 68% of the registered reactions, and no hepatic and bonemarrow affection was recorded.

Conclusion
With this study, we report the frequency, timing of occurrence, and characteristics of adverse drug reactions when treating GH with the ATD drug methimazole for up to 48 months. Long-term low-dose methimazole treatment can be a cost-effective and straightforward treatment option if adverse drug reactions such as severe hepatic and bone marrow affection are kept in mind.
The effect of embryo catheter loading technique on pregnancy rate
Authors: Matitashvili Tamar , Sadek Seifeldin , Celia Gerard 
Published: May 2022

Lay summary
Embryo transfer is the most emotional part for patients during in vitro fertilization treatment. Over the last decade, the embryo transfer procedure has undergone numerous changes in the guidelines in order to increase pregnancy rates. One such procedure is the loading of the embryo into the catheter, a thin tube that helps us transfer embryo into the uterine cavity. Very few research studies looked closely at embryo-loading technique per se. Furthermore, different infertility laboratories use various techniques to load embryo. The aim of our study was to compare the two most popular embryo-loading techniques. In 249 women, we transferred embryo aspirated into the catheter with small droplets of air, and in the group of 244 patients, we filled catheter only with fluid. Our main outcome measured was the clinical pregnancy rate. Based on our results, we did not find that embryo-loading technique affected patient’s chances of achieving pregnancy.
Irisin and the fibronectin type III domain-containing family: structure, signaling and role in female reproduction
Authors: Daudon Mathilde , Bigot Yves , Dupont Joëlle , Price Christopher A 
Published: May 2022

In Brief
Hormones secreted by muscle cells (myokines) are involved in the adaptive response to nutritional and metabolic changes. In this review, we discuss how one family of myokines may alter fertility in response to sudden changes in energy balance.

Abtract
Dietary stress such as obesity and short-term changes in energy balance can disrupt ovarian function leading to infertility. Adipose tissue secretes hormones (adipokines), such as leptin and adiponectin, that are known to alter ovarian function. Muscles can also secrete endocrine factors, and one such family of myokines, the eleven Fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC) proteins, is emerging as important for energy sensing and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the known roles the FNDC proteins play in energy homeostasis and explore potential impacts on fertility in females. The most well-known member, FNDC5, is the precursor of the ‘exercise hormone’, irisin, secreted by both muscle and adipose tissue. The receptors for irisin are integrins, and it has recently been shown to alter steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells although the effects appear to be species or context specific, and irisin may improve uterine and placental function in women and rodent models. Another member, FNDC4, is also cleaved to release a bioactive protein that modulates insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues and whose receptor, ADGRF5, is expressed in the ovary. As obese women and farm animals in negative energy balance (NEB) both have altered insulin sensitivity, secreted FNDC4 may impact ovarian function. We propose a model in which NEB or dietary imbalance alters plasma irisin and secreted FNDC4 concentrations, which then act on the ovary through their cognate receptors to reduce granulosa cell proliferation and follicle health. Research into these molecules will increase our understanding of energy sensing and fertility and may lead to new approaches to alleviate post-partum infertility.
Impacto del Coronavirus COVID-19 en al Gestión del Riesgo
Authors: Martínez Rincón Julián Andrés 
Published: May 2022

Las empresas se encuentran en una situación sin precedentes, donde ni siquiera fundaciones con amplio reconocimiento en la identificación de riesgos globales identificaron un riesgo con tal impacto como el que se ha tenido que afrontar con el fenómeno de pandemia a causa del virus SARS-CoV-2, también conocido como COVID-19.
Este espacio busca identificar de manera exploratoria el impacto que ha generado la pandemia al interior de las organizaciones, así como las herramientas que existen para la gestión del riesgo, la continuidad del negocio y la resiliencia organizacional con el fin de identificar las buenas prácticas que existen actualmente y que se hace necesario conocer e implementar para buscar que las organizaciones prosperen a largo plazo.