bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific Risk Factors Associated with Graves’ Orbitopathy in Korean Patients with Newly Diagnosed Graves’ Disease
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Kang Jinmo , Ahn Hwa Young , Lee Jeong Kyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess sex-specific risk factors for Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in newly diagnosed Graves’ disease (GD) patients.
Methods: In total, data for 7,192 diagnosed GD patients were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service’s sample database which consisted of 1,137,861 subjects from 2002 to 2019. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the effect of risk factors on GO development.
Results: Among GD patients, GO occurred in 134 men (6.2%) and 293 women (5.8%). A multivariable Cox regression model revealed that GO development was significantly associated with younger age (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73–0.98, p = 0.022), low income (HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35–0.86, p= 0.009), and heavy drinking (HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.10–2.90, p = 0.019) in men, and with younger age (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.98, p = 0.018), lower body mass index (BMI) (HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.33–0.90, p = 0.019), high total cholesterol (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06, p = 0.003), hyperlipidemia (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02–1.85, p = 0.039), and lower doses of statin in statin users (HR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.22–0.62, p< 0.001).in women.
Conclusions: GO development was associated with younger age, low income, and heavy drinking in men, and with younger age, low BMI, high total cholesterol, hyperlipidemia, and lower doses of statin in statin users in women. These results indicate that more attention and support are required in GO surveillance.
Compost of spent mushroom substrate and chicken manure as a growth substrate improves rice seedling quality and reduces the spread of potential soil-borne pathogens.
Authors: Zeng Guiyang , Liu Zhihui , Guo Zhangliang , He Jinfeng , Ye Yingying , Xu Huaqin , Hu Teng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the impacts co-compost of Pleurotus geesteranus spent mushroom substrate and chicken manure (SMC) on seedling quality, rhizosphere microbial characteristics, as well as fungal pathogens in rice seedling substrates. Results showed that incorporating SMC within the substrate, especially 50% volume (R2), increased rice seedling growth and vitality without external fertilization at the seedling growth stage. Moreover, SMC amendment increased microbial activity, and promoted rice seedling recruitment of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (PGPF), and significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic fungi, especially Magnaporthe grisea, and thus reducing soil-borne diseases. It is conducive to the sustainable development of cultivated land and agricultural waste recycling.
Crosslinked Reprocessable Phosphor/Polyurethane Hybrid Networks with Thermal Induced Self-Healing Capacity and Ultraviolet Conducted Fluorescence Effect
Authors: Zeng Xiyang , Wang Li , Chen Xiaohu , Zhang Ting , Chen Tao , Li Junfeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent years, self-healing materials have attracted extensive attentions, however, the low elasticity and self-healing efficiency have limited their applications. Herein covalently crosslinked polyurethane (PU) composite networks were developed with ultraviolet (UV) initiated fluorescence effect and thermal induced self-healing capability. These smart PU networks were synthesized by polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTMG) as soft segment, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as hard segment, incorporating with blue phosphate (BP) of SrAl2O4 doped with Eu2+, Dy3+. The physio chemical properties and self-healing process of polyurethane were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), optical microscope (OM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile test. The results show that the network materials were successfully developed with high elastic tensile properties. After healing at 60°C for one hour, the PU network demonstrated a high healing efficiency of 80.9% and elongation at break of 970%. Moreover, the obtained hybrid networks emitted an intense blue light under UV with high fluorescent intensity. Additionally, the synergistic effect of transesterification of dynamic hydrogen bond provided the composite networks reproducibility for recycling use. This self-healing polyester material shows promising applications in the fields of diagnostic healing, anticounterfeiting, and optoelectronic components.
Treatment rates for glaucoma and intraocular hypertension in the United Kingdom, 2000-2019
Authors: Velez-Nandayapa Luis , Eggenschwiler Laura , Jick Susan , Meier Christoph , Becker Claudia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background/Aims: To quantify treatment for glaucoma (GLC) and intraocular hypertension (IOH) in the UK.
Materials and Methods: Using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD, we calculated crude and age-standardised treatment incidence rates (AS-TIR) and treatment prevalence for GLC and/or IOH in adult patients between 2000 and 2019. We assessed person-time of patients at risk of treatment for GLC-IOH and the number of incident cases with treatment for GLC-IOH (i.e., at least two documented prescriptions of antiglaucoma medication or glaucoma surgery), stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis, and region.
Results: We identified 107,215 cases with incident treatment for GLC-IOH in 79.2 million person-years (py) from 2000 to 2019. The AS-TIR for GLC-IOH per 100,000 py (95%CI) remained fairly stable: 123.66 (120.45-126.88) to 142.11 (138.71-145.51) cases per 100,000 py. It sharply increased with age (highest incidence at 80-89 years, average 606.77 (598.78-614.75) per 100,000 py). We observed a preponderance of female cases after the age of 70 years. The incidence treatment rates for GLC-IOH was highest in London, England and Wales, and 20-30% lower in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
The treatment prevalence for GLC-IOH increased by 32.7% from 1.19% (1.12-1.27%) to 1.58% (1.50-1.67%). It was highest in the elderly >80 years: 9.4 to 12% had treatment for GLC-IOH.
Conclusion: In our large nationwide study in the UK, the overall treatment incidence rates for GLC-IOH remained almost stable from the year 2000 to 2019. However, the treatment prevalence increased by one third. Results differed across regions of the UK.
Time from symptoms onset to remdesivir is associated with the risk of ICU admission: a multicentric analyses
Authors: ALONSO-NAVARRO Rodrigo , RAMÍREZ Margarita , MASIÁ Mar , PAREDES Roger , MONTEJANO Rocío , POVAR-ECHEVERRIA Marina , CARRATALÀ Jordi , SALAVERT Miguel , BERNAL Enrique , DUEÑAS Carlos , FLORES Juan , FANJUL Francisco , GUTIERREZ Isabel , RICO Verónica , MATEU Lourdes , CADIÑANOS Julen , BERENGUER Juan , SORIANO Alex 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: shorter duration of symptoms before remdesivir has been associated with better outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate variables associated with the need of ICU admission in a cohort of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 under remdesivir including the period from symptoms onset to remdesivir.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentric study analysing all patients admitted with COVID-19 in 9 Spanish hospitals who received treatment with remdesivir in October 2020. The main outcome was the need of ICU admission after 24 hours of the first dose of remdesivir.
Results: In our cohort of 497 patients, the median of days from symptom onset to remdesivir was 5 days, and 70 of them (14.1%) were later admitted into ICU. The clinical outcomes associated with ICU admission were days from symptoms onset (5 vs. 6; p=0.023), clinical signs of severe disease (respiratory rate, neutrophil count, ferritin levels and very-high mortality rate in SEIMC-Score) and the use of corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs before ICU. The only variable significatively associated with risk reduction in the Cox-regression analyses was ≤5 days from symptoms onset to RDV (HR: 0.54, CI95%: 0.31-0.92; p=0.024).
Conclusion: For patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19, the prescription of remdesivir within 5 days from symptoms onset diminishes the need of ICU admission.
Where do they come from, where do they go? Emissions and fate of OPEs in global megacities
Authors: Rodgers Timothy , Giang Amanda , Diamond Miriam , Gillies Emma , Saini Amandeep 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cities are drivers of the global economy, containing products and industries that emit many chemicals. We used the Multimedia Urban Model (MUM) to estimate atmospheric emissions and fate of organophosphate esters (OPEs) from 19 global “mega or major cities,” finding that they collectively emitted ~ 81,000 kg yr− 1 of ∑10OPEs in 2018. Typically, polar "mobile" compounds tend to partition to and be advected by water, while non-polar "bioaccumulative" chemicals do not. Depending on the built environment and climate of the city considered, the same compound behaved like either a "mobile" or a "bioaccumulative" chemical. Cities with large impervious surface areas, such as Kolkata, mobilized even “bioaccumulative” contaminants to aquatic ecosystems. By contrast, cities with large areas of vegetation fixed and transformed contaminants, reducing loadings to aquatic ecosystems. Our results therefore suggest that urban design choices could support policies aimed at reducing sources of emissions to reduce chemical releases to the broader environment without increasing exposure for urban residents.
Down-regulation of interleukin-2 predicts poor prognosis and associated with immune escape in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hou Yongwang , Xiang Baoli , Yang Zhicong , Liu Jiangmin , Xu Dandan , Geng Lina , Zhan Minghua , Xu Yuhuan , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and Objective: Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common and aggressive subtype of lung cancer, with the poor overall prognosis. IL2 is one of the earliest cytokines discovered that stimulates lymphocyte proliferation. However, the role of IL2 in LUAD has not been clarified.
Methods: UALCAN, The HPA and TIMER database were used to investigate IL2 expression in LUAD. HPA, PrognoScan Database Analysis and Kaplan-Meier plotter database were used to explore the survival curve evaluating the prognostic value of IL2 for LUAD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of IL2-interacting genes identified by GeneMANIA database. TIMER was used to analyze the correlation of IL2 and immune cell infiltration or immune checkpoint expression level in LUAD.
Results: In present study, the results showed that the expression of IL-2 in lung adenocarcinoma was lower than that in the normal control group by means of bioinformatics analysis of the TIMER, UALCAN and HPA public databases. Moreover, LUAD patients with downregulated IL2 expression exhibited poor overall survival. Besides, IL2 was significantly positively correlated with various immune cells, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in LUAD. And IL2 was also markedly positively associated with biomarkers of these infiltrated immune cells. IL2 expression was also positively correlated with PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expression.
Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that down-regulation of interleukin-2 predicts poor prognosis and associated with immune escape in LUAD and IL2 could serve as a potential novel prognostic biomarker for LUAD.
Family functioning and tobacco dependence：a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Guo Yi , Liu Di-yue , Wang Yu-jia , Huang Meng-jie , Jiang Nan , Hou Qiang , Feng Bojunhao , Wu Wen-yu , Wu Yi-bo , Qi Fei , Sun Xin-ying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Smoking cessation is not only good for the health of the quitters themselves but also helps reduce the exposure of their families to secondhand smoke. However, nicotine dependence can make smoking cessation very difficult, and studying the relationship between nicotine dependence and family functioning may better help smoking fathers quit. This study examined the association between family functioning and nicotine dependence levels of smoking fathers based on the McMaster model of family functioning (MMFF), providing evidence for future interventions.
Methods: In this study, fathers of second to fifth-grade students whose families smoked in 10 pilot elementary schools in Qingdao were selected. The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence(FTND) consists of six questions. The70-item Family Assessment Device developed by Epstein and others was used to assess family functioning. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences in family functioning among those with different levels of tobacco dependence, and a binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influences associated with tobacco dependence.
Results: A total of 874 study subjects were included. Most respondents had mild to moderate tobacco dependence (90.16%), and a tiny percentage had heavy tobacco dependence (9.84%). The average age of first smoking was 27.77 years, and the average number of years of smoking was 12.06 years. Family Functioning Scale scores showed that respondents with mild to moderate tobacco dependence had lower total FAD scores and scores on five dimensions than those with heavy tobacco dependence（P<0.05）. A one-way ANOVA revealed poorer family functioning (P<0.001), younger age at first smoking (P<0.001), and older age at smoking (P<0.001) for severe tobacco dependence compared to respondents with mild to moderate tobacco dependence. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that poorer family functioning increased the risk of heavy tobacco dependence (P<0.05); longer smoking duration and more frequent quitting were both risk factors for tobacco dependence (P<0.05); and older age at first smoking was less associated with heavy tobacco dependence (P<0.05)
Conclusions: The better the family functioning, the lower the level of tobacco dependence, while poor general functioning, weak behavioral control, long years of smoking, and quitting more than or equal to 2 times are all risk factors for tobacco dependence.
The protective effect of kaempferol on high glucose-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Jiao Xiaocui , Zhang Xueguang , Wu Di 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial play an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Blocking oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial could be a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. Kaempferol (KMP), a natural phytoestrogen and common dietary flavonoid, has various biological effects including anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. KMP has protective effect against oxidative stress-related diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion induced myocardium injuries, osteoporosis, obesity and so on. In our research, we observed the influence of KMP on high glucose (HG) cultured HK-2 cells and explored its mechanisms from the aspect of oxidative stress and apoptosis. We found that HK-2 cells stimulated by both 10µM KMP and HG had better viability than those stimulated by HG only. Incubation with KMP could reverse the undesirable effects of HG on SOD2, catalase, cleaved caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the generation of ROS. Furthermore, Western blot and Real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of Sirt3, p-Akt/Akt ratio and p-FoxO3a/FoxO3a ratio were markedly increased in KMP plus HG group compared to HG group. In summary, KMP could alleviate HG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through increasing the expression of Sirt3 and regulating ROS-sensitive Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
Performance evaluation of statistical downscaling models for future climate change scenario projection.
Authors: shukla Rituraj , Khare Deepak , Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Rudra Ramesh Pal , Palmate Santosh S. , Ojha C.S. P. , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Statistical downscaling (SD) is preferable to dynamic downscaling to derive local-scale climate change information from large-scale datasets. Many SD models are available these days, but comparison of their performance is still inadequately addressed for choosing a reliable SD model. Thus, it is desirable to compare the performance of SD models to ensure their adaptability in future climate studies. In this study, a statistical downscaling model (SDSM) or (multi-linear regression) and the Least Square-Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) were used to do downscaling and compare the results with those obtained from General Circulation Model (GCM) for identifying the best SD model for the Indira Sagar Canal Command area located in Madhya Pradesh, India. The GCM, Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3), was utilized to extract and downscale precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) for the past period 1961–2001 and then for 2001–2099 under future climate change scenario A2. Before future projections, both SD models were initially calibrated (1961–1990) and validated (1991–2001) to evaluate their performance for precipitation and temperature variables at all gauge stations, namely Barwani, East Nimar, and West Nimar. Results showed that the precipitation trend was under-predicted owing to large errors in downscaling, while temperature was over-predicted by SD models. Future projection results indicated that an increase in precipitation, Tmax, and Tmin patterns at all stations would occur between 2001–2099. Although statistical measures (R2, RMSE, SSE, NSE and MAE) showed a close agreement between observed and predicted climate variables, the overall accuracy of the LS-SVM model was better than the SDSM model. Thus, the present study revealed that LS-SVM could be used as a superior statistical downscaling model over the SDSM in future studies.
Monthly Mini-Dose Rituximab for Primary Membranous Nephropathy: A Different Approach
Authors: Wang Song , Deng Zhenling , Wang Yue , Bao Wenhan , Zhou Sijia , Cui Zhuan , Zheng Danxia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The dose of rituximab for primary membranous nephropathy is as high as that for lymphoma. This study assessed the efficacy of monthly mini-dose rituximab monotherapy in patients with primary membranous nephropathy.
Methods
This retrospective study included 32 patients with primary membranous nephropathy treated at Peking University Third Hospital between March 2019 and July 2022. All patients were anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody-positive and received rituximab 100 mg intravenously monthly for at least 3 months without other immunosuppressive therapy.
Results
The baseline parameters included: proteinuria, 8.5 ± 3.6 g/day; serum albumin, 24.8 ± 3.4 g/L; and anti-PLA2R antibody, 160 (20-2659) RU/mL. B-cell depletion was achieved in 87.5% patients after the first dose of rituximab 100 mg and in 100% after the second equivalent dose. Twenty-five (78%) patients achieved remission; 8 (25%) patients achieved complete remission at 12 months. Patients were stratified into the low-titer (< 150 RU/mL, n = 17) and high-titer groups (≥ 150 RU/mL, n = 15) based on the anti-PLA2R titer. Sex, age, urinary proteins, serum albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline did not differ significantly between the two groups. At 12 months, the rituximab dose (847 ± 217 vs 659 ± 255 mg, p = 0.033), and urinary proteins were higher (2.7 ± 2.5 vs 1.0 ± 1.2 g/day, p = 0.028), while serum albumin (33.4 ± 6.8 vs 39.6 ± 3.9 g/L, p = 0.007) and the clinical remission rate (60% vs 94%, p = 0.020) were lower in the high-titer group compared to the low-titer group.
Conclusions
Monthly rituximab 100 mg is effective for treating anti-PLA2R-associated primary membranous nephropathy. The lower the anti-PLA2R titer, the lower the rituximab dose required to achieve remission.
Trial registration:
A retrospective study, registered at ChiCTR (ChiCTR2200057381) on March 10, 2022.
Oral and anal microbiome from HIV-exposed individuals: role of host-associated factors in taxa composition and metabolic pathways.
Authors: Abba Martin , Lacunza Ezequiel , Fink Valeria , Salas María , Canzoneri Romina , Naipauer Julián , Williams Sion , Coso Omar , Sued Omar , Cahn Pedro , Mesri Enrique 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence indicates that the microbiome plays a significant role in HIV immunopathogenesis as well as in HIV-associated complications. In Argentina, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are at the highest risk for infection with HIV and AIDS-related viruses. This study aimed to characterize the oral and anal microbiome of MSM and TGW with and without HIV. One hundred and thirty oral and anal DNA-derived samples were obtained from 78 participants and subjected to shotgun metagenomics sequencing for further microbiome analysis.
Results: A significantly lower alpha diversity and higher beta diversity were found in the anal samples compared with oral samples. Significant differences in the microbiome composition were found among subjects associated with HIV infection, gender, sex behavior, CD4+ T cell counts, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the presence of HPV-associated precancerous anal lesions. For viruses, results confirm the occurrence of oncogenic viromes in this high HIV-risk population. The HIV-associated oral microbiome was characterized by the enrichment of several bacteria related to periodontal disease pathogenesis. Conversely, predominantly anal bacteria showed a significant decrease in HIV-infected subjects (Coprococcus comes, Finegoldia magna, Blautia obeum, Catenibacterium mitsuokai). TGW showed enrichment in species related to sexual transmission, which concurs that most recruited TGW are or have been sex workers. Prevotella bivia and Fusobacterium gonidiaformans were positively associated with the presence of anal precancerous lesions among HIV-infected subjects. The enrichment of Holdemanella biformis and C. comes were associated with detectable viral load and ART untreated patients. Metabolic pathways were distinctively affected according to whether the predominant factors were associated with sexual behavior or HIV pathogenesis. Gene family analysis identified bacterial gene signatures that may potentially be prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers of HIV/AIDS-associated malignancies.
Conclusions: We have identified distinctive microbial features at two easily accessible sites related to HIV immunopathogenesis. These could also be implemented as potential biomarkers to predict the risk of precancerous anal lesions or as therapeutic targets.