bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RBM15 suppresses hepatic insulin sensitivity of offspring of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mice via m6A-mediated regulation of CLDN4
Authors: Fang Jie , Qi Hongbo , Wu Xiafei , He Jie , Zhang Hanwen , Chen Xuyang , Zhang Hua , Novakovic Boris , Yu Xinyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes Mellitus (GDM)is a common pregnancy-specific disease with high morbidity, which is linked to a high risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. N6-methyladenosine modification of RNA is emerging as an important epigenetic mechanism that is widely manifested in many diseases. Emerging evidence revealed that m6A is involved in various disease, however, the role of m6A methylation in metabolic syndrome in offspring result from intrauterine hyperglycemia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of m6A in regulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Results
In this study, we found that offspring from a GDM mother were more vulnerable to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. GC-MS revealed significant metabolic changes including saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in liver of GDM offspring. We also demonstrated that global mRNA m6A methylation level was significantly increased in the fetal liver of GDM mice, indicating epigenetic change may have a strong relationship with the mechanism of metabolism syndrome. Concordantly, RBM15, the RNA binding methyltransferase, was upregulated in the liver. In vitro, RBM15 suppressed insulin sensitivity and increased insulin resistance through m6A-regulated epigenetic inhabitation of CLDN4. Moreover, MeRIP-sequencing and mRNA-sequencing revealed that differently regulated genes with differential m6A peaks were enriched in metabolic pathways.
Conclusion
Our study revealed the essential role of RBM15 in insulin resistance and the effect of RBM15-regulated m6A modification in the metabolic syndrome of offspring of GDM mice.
Regional differences in the reduction of cerebral FDG uptake induced by the ketogenic diet
Authors: Bennett Olivia A , Ramsay Stuart , Malacova Eva , Bourgeat Pierrick , Goodman Steven J , Dunn Camille J , Robinson Brittany M , Lee Kevin , Pattison David A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The postulated benefits of the ketogenic diet in the management of multiple medical conditions has seen more patients who are in therapeutic ketosis attending for 18F-FDG PET scans. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ketosis on cerebral glucose metabolism in a clinical PET scanning environment using 18F-FDG uptake as a surrogate marker.
Methods
A retrospective audit was conducted of the brain 18F-FDG uptake in 52 patients who underwent PET scans for possible cardiac sarcoidosis or suspected intracardiac infection, following a ketogenic diet and prolonged fasting. SUVbw for whole brain and separate brain regions was compared to serum glucose and serum ketone body (beta-hydroxybutyrate) levels.
Results
The expected negative association between serum glucose levels and whole brain 18F-FDG uptake was confirmed. A reduction in SUVbw due to increasing serum ketones levels was also observed that was independent of and in addition to the effects of glucose. The magnitude of the reduction in SUVbw related to serum glucose level and serum ketone level was found to be greater in the precuneus than in the cerebellum or whole brain.
Conclusion
In a real world clinical PET setting, cerebral 18F-FDG uptake appears to be affected by glycaemia and ketonaemia. This means when assessing the brain, both serum glucose and ketone levels need to be considered when SUVs are used to distinguish between pathologic and physiologic states. The magnitude of this effect appears to vary between different brain regions. This regional difference should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate brain region for SUV normalisation particularly when undertaking database comparison in the assessment of dementia.
Self-rated health among older adults in India: Gender specific findings from National Sample Survey
Authors: Akhtar Saddaf Naaz , Saikia Nandita , Muhammad T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: This study examined whether and what determinants of gender disparity exist current self-rated health (SRHcurrent) and change in SRH (SRHchange) among older adults in Indian setting. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 75th National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The analytical sample constitutes 42,759 older individuals aged 60 years or older with 21,902 older men and 20,857 older women (eliminating two non-binary individuals). Outcome measures include two variables of poor/worse SRH status (SRHcurrent and SRHchange). We have calculated absolute gaps in the prevalence of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange by background characteristics. We carried out binary logistic regression models to examine the predictors of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange among older adults.Results: The overall absolute gender gap in poor SRHcurrent was 3.27% and it was 0.58% in worse SRHchange. Older women had significantly higher odds of poor SRHcurrent [AOR=1.09; CI=0.99, 1.19] and worse SRHchange [AOR=1.09; CI=1.02, 1.16] compared to older men. Older adults belonging to middle-aged, oldest-old, economically dependent, not working, physically immobile, suffering from chronic diseases, hospitalized, belonging to Muslim religion, and Eastern region have found to have poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange. While educational attainments showed glaring lower significant odds of have poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange compared to those with no education. Respondents belonging to richest income quintile and not covered by any health insurance, belonging to Schedule caste, OBC, Western and Southern regions are found to have poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange. Compared to those in the urban residence, respondents from rural residence [AOR=1.09; CI=1.02, 1.16] has higher odds of worse SRHchange.Conclusions: There is a clear gender gap observed in poor current SRH and worse change in SRH among older adults in India. This study addressed the significant public health concern, which is crucial to address the challenge of the older people’s health and their perception of well-being.
Core to solar wind: a stepwise model for heating the solar corona
Authors: Vita-Finzi Claudio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The connection between nuclear fusion in the Sun’s core and solar irradiance, a central concern in climatology as well as astronomy, is obscured by uncertainty over the mechanism of coronal heating. Data from ground- and space-based instruments suggest that no single process is responsible and instead point to a cascade of mechanisms linking the solar interior with the solar wind. Electromagnetic energy derived from the Sun’s convection zone, and mediated by pseudo-Taylor column spin, gives rise to ohmic heating in the chromosphere raising its temperature to ~ 30,000 K. This triggers Joule-Thomson heating to 250,000 K in the transition region, whereupon plasma expansion in the near-vacuum of space takes over and brings the temperature to >1-2 million K. Besides accounting for the zonation of the solar atmosphere, the proposed sequence helps to explain how temperature increases stepwise away from the solar core and why the solar wind and photospheric sunspots share periodicities. Tokamak theory and practice complement astronomical modelling as the basis for an explanation. The scheme may apply to other solar stellar coronae.
Role of Pronase E in Isolation of Chondrocytes from Cartilage of Elderly Patients Receiving Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Mao Jiamin , Huang Lexi , Ding Yiyang , Ma Xiaoyu , Wang Quanming , Ding Lei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To examine the specific role of pronase E in isolation of human chondrocytes derived from total joint arthroplasty.
Methods
Cartilage were shaved from femoral head or tibial plateau of patients receiving total hip or knee joint replacement surgery (16 hips, 8 knees). Cartilage were subjected to 0.02% collagenase IA digestion for 16 hrs with (N = 19) or without (N = 5) the pre-treatment of 0.4% pronase E for 1.5 hrs. At the end of collagenase digestion, chondrocyte yield and viability were assessed. Chondrocyte phenotype was determined by the expression ratio of collagen type II to I. The morphology of cultured chondrocytes was monitored with a light microscope.
Results
Cell yield from pronase E pre-treatment group was significantly higher than that from the group without the pre-treatment (3,399 ± 1,637 cells/mg wet cartilage vs. 1,895 ± 688 cells/mg wet cartilage; P = 0.0067). Cell viability in the former group was also significantly higher than that in the latter (94% ± 2% vs. 86% ± 6%; P = 0.03). When cultured in monolayers, cells from cartilage with pronase E pre-treatment grew in a single plane showing rounded shape while cells from the other group grew in multi-planes and exhibited irregular shape. The mRNA expression ratio of collagen type II to I was 13.2 ± 7.5 in cells isolated from cartilage pre-treated with pronase E, indicating a typical chondrocyte phenotype.
Conclusion
Pronase E pre-treatment of human cartilage was crucial for chondrocyte isolation with collagenase IA and in vitro culturing.
Characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Han Ziyang , Xu Hui , Yu Shaobin , Kang Mingqiang , Chen Shuchen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is a malignant tumor with high degree of malignancy worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate is only 20%. Previous evidence has linked the composition of gut bacteria to inflammation and the development of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intestinal flora composition and ESCC. In this study, fecal flora was used to represent gastrointestinal flora, and the specimens in the experimental group were stool of patients with ESCC confirmed by pathology. Stool samples from 13 patients with ESCC were collected as experimental group(ESCC), and stool samples from 13 healthy people were collected as control group(HC). There were 762 OTUs in the ESCC group and the HC group, 703 OTUs in the ESCC group and 418 OTUs in the HC group. Prevotella, butyricella and Satterella were the most abundant in the preoperative feces of patients with ESCC, while the most abundant in the feces of healthy people were cyanobacteria, pilonospiraceae and Sitterella. KEGG analysis showed that there were significant differences in membrane and intracellular structural molecules, cell antigens, toluene degradation, biosynthesis of ubiquitin and other terpanoid quinones, spindolipid biosynthesis and ganglia metabolic pathways between ESCC group and HC group. COG analysis showed that the ESCC group contained more peritinase, 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2, 4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthetase, pyruvate: ferridoxin oxidoreductase and related 2-oxic acid: ferridoxin oxidoreductase β subunits. The occurrence and development of ESCC reduces the diversity of intestinal flora, and the composition of intestinal flora of ESCC is significantly different from that of HC, especially bacteria related to inflammation and lipid metabolism, which may become pathogenic bacteria promoting the development of ESCC.
Hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera therapeutic effect and sulfurphane on melanoma cancer
Authors: Ghaedamini Nahid , Hejazi Seyed Hossein , Morshedtalab Zeinab , Fazilati Mohammad , Nazem Habibollah , Seddigh Alireza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the effect of plants extract on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties on metastasis.
Methods
At first, the phenolic compounds in Moringa oleifera were confirmed by HPLC and spectrophotometer methods, then the anticancer effect of phenolic compounds sulforaphane and Moringa oleifera on B16F10 cancer cells was investigated. Then, induction of melanoma tumor by B16F10 cell line was induced in C57BL6 mice, and the mice were treated with extract. Quercetin, gallic acid, and caffeic acid were identified in extract.
Results
The rate of cell death in the sulforaphane-exposed cell group was lower than in the cell treated with Moringa oleifera group. Tumor volume in all three doses of 0.04, 0.08, 0.02 g Moringa extract or phenolic compounds decreased significantly after one week and two weeks (P < 0.001). Tumor volume decreased by 0.02 g more than the other two doses (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study shows the positive effect of antioxidants in Moringa oleifera extract in reducing the life of cancer cells and tumor volume in mice. With further studies, Moringa oleifera can be introduced as an anticancer drug with more confidence. It is recommended to perform studies in human tests.
Potential spectrum of accompanied penetrating abdominal intra-peritoneal injuries with bowel evisceration: Surprises awaiting the trauma Surgeon in resource limited settings.
Authors: Shabhay Ahmed , Shabhay Zarina , Chilonga Kondo , Msuya David , Massaga Fabian , Mwakyembe Theresia , Chugulu Samwel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Penetrating abdominal injuries involves violation of the peritoneal cavity and injuries to solid organs, and other intra-peritoneal viscera such as major blood vessels and hollow organs. Typically such injuries arise from Gunshot wounds or stab wounds. With increase in crime rates and motor traffic accidents in urban areas, the trauma surgeon in civilian urban centers faces spectrum of injuries similar to his colleague in war torn areas. Potential spectrum of penetrating abdominal injuries is wide and accurate diagnosis in resource limited centers is challenging. Majority of injuries are concealed and diagnosed intra-operatively and dealt with relatively junior trauma surgeons in emergency settings in remote limited settings. Computed Tomography (CT) scans and Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) facilities are scarce in resource limited settings. Haemo-dynamic states of penetrating abdominal injuries patients presenting in emergency departments necessitate urgent surgical exploration and management with minimal room for full radiological work-up. Evisceration of bowels mandate laparotomy due to wide spectrum of accompanied intra-peritoneal injuries. Four cases of penetrating abdominal injuries are presented with modes of assault ranging from Gunshot injuries to stab wounds with broken bottles to highlight the intra-abdominal spectrum of injuries, challenges in diagnosis and emergency managements done in a resource limited setting.
Water consumption habits of a north-western Turkish community: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayranci Unal , Yildiz Merve Sezer , Demirci Ahmet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim was to determine the drinking water preferences of people applied to a family health center. This cross-sectional study was carried out from 1 April to 31 May 2022. The data were evaluated using the chi-square test and percent ratios with a significance of p &lt; 0.05. The mean age of all 432 respondents was 48.03 ± 15.86. It was determined that those aged 31–45 had drunk more bottled water (p &lt; 0.01) and more spring water (p &lt; 0.001), than those aged 65 and above and had more purified water (p &lt; 0.001), than women who had more tap water (p &lt; 0.001), than married people who had more demijohn and tap water (p &lt; 0.001, each one), than divorced/widows who had more packaged and purified water (p &lt; 0.001, each one), than the illiterate/literate who had bottled water (p &lt; 0.001, per one) and than those who had no income/people who lived on the state or municipal assistance who had only carboy water (p &lt; 0.001). This study suggests that the biggest factor that positively affected the drinking water preference was the packaging of the water. However, the drinking rates of mains water and spring water were quite low. Convincing the authorities to make the mains water drinkable is of great importance in terms of overcoming the public's distrust of mains water.
Exploring necessity to pre-treat organic fraction of waste prior to use in an earthen MFC modified with bentonite
Authors: Gurjar Rishi , Behera Manaswini 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the addition of bentonite at different proportions as clay minerals and various thicknesses (4, 5, and 6 mm) of ceramic membranes were evaluated for proton and oxygen mass transfer coefficients. Bentonite (20% and 4 mm) was found to be optimum and was then employed to assess earthen microbial fuel cell (EMFC) performance for different substrates (kitchen waste (KW) slurry and leachate) under batch mode. Both substrates were added in different concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), i.e., 18, 15.2, 12.5, 9.7, and 6.9 g/L to EMFCs. The EMFC achieved superior organic removals for leachate (&gt;96%). Intriguingly, the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) generation and consumption were different for each substrate. Each system expressed affinity towards acetic acid, but limited VFAs (acetic and propionic) were generated by KW while leachate generated acetic, propionic, and butyric. The leachate concentration having COD of 15.2 g/L produced the highest power density of 586.5 ± 38.8 mW/m3, while for KW, only 41.5 mW/m3 (6.9 g/L of COD for KW) was obtained. The study consolidates the need for an intermediate step to pre-treat the organic fraction of waste before its use for resource recovery. Bentonite was found as an effective clay mineral for manufacturing ceramic membranes.
Telemedicine for Preventing and Treating Pressure Injury After Spinal Cord Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Guilian , Wang Tong , Zhong Lirong , He Xinghui , Huang Chunxia , Wang Yingmin , Li Kun 
Published: August 2022

Background
Pressure injury is a common complication after a spinal cord injury. Long-term multidisciplinary follow-up is difficult after such patients have been discharged. Telemedicine promises to provide convenient and effective support for the prevention and treatment of pressure injury, but previous attempts to demonstrate that have produced inconsistent results.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of telemedicine in preventing and treating pressure injury among community-dwelling patients with spinal cord injury, and determine which telemedicine form is more effective.

Methods
This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA-NMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Network Meta-Analysis) standards. Ten databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies related to the effectiveness of telemedicine intervention in patients with spinal cord injury. Two researchers worked independently and blindly selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The results were described as relative risk (RR) and weighted mean difference and 95% CI.

Results
The 35 studies comprised 25 randomized controlled trials and 10 quasi-experimental studies involving 3131 patients. The results showed that telemedicine can significantly (P<.05) reduce the incidence of pressure injury (RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.14-0.41; P<.05; I2=0%), promote faster healing (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.62-0.85; P<.05; I2=0%), and yield lower scores on the pressure ulcer scale of healing (weighted mean difference=–1.98, 95% CI –3.51 to –0.46; P<.05; I2=0%). Cumulative ranking estimates showed that combining telemedicine with conventional intervention (93.5%) was the most effective approach.

Conclusions
Telemedicine is a feasible way to prevent pressure injury among patients with spinal cord injuries. It can decrease the incidence and severity of pressure injury and accelerate patients’ healing without imposing economic burden. It is best used in tandem with other, more conventional interventions. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, large-scale and well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted.
The Application of Machine Learning in Predicting Mortality Risk in Patients With Severe Femoral Neck Fractures: Prediction Model Development Study
Authors: Xu Lingxiao , Liu Jun , Han Chunxia , Ai Zisheng 
Published: August 2022

Background
Femoral neck fracture (FNF) accounts for approximately 3.58% of all fractures in the entire body, exhibiting an increasing trend each year. According to a survey, in 1990, the total number of hip fractures in men and women worldwide was approximately 338,000 and 917,000, respectively. In China, FNFs account for 48.22% of hip fractures. Currently, many studies have been conducted on postdischarge mortality and mortality risk in patients with FNF. However, there have been no definitive studies on in-hospital mortality or its influencing factors in patients with severe FNF admitted to the intensive care unit.

Objective
In this paper, 3 machine learning methods were used to construct a nosocomial death prediction model for patients admitted to intensive care units to assist clinicians in early clinical decision-making.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted using information of a patient with FNF from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III. After balancing the data set using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique algorithm, patients were randomly separated into a 70% training set and a 30% testing set for the development and validation, respectively, of the prediction model. Random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and backpropagation neural network prediction models were constructed with nosocomial death as the outcome. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity. The predictive value of the models was verified in comparison to the traditional logistic model.

Results
A total of 366 patients with FNFs were selected, including 48 cases (13.1%) of in-hospital death. Data from 636 patients were obtained by balancing the data set with the in-hospital death group to survival group as 1:1. The 3 machine learning models exhibited high predictive accuracy, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and backpropagation neural network were 0.98, 0.97, and 0.95, respectively, all with higher predictive performance than the traditional logistic regression model. Ranking the importance of the feature variables, the top 10 feature variables that were meaningful for predicting the risk of in-hospital death of patients were the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, lactate, creatinine, gender, vitamin D, calcium, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, white blood cell, and age.

Conclusions
Death risk assessment models constructed using machine learning have positive significance for predicting the in-hospital mortality of patients with severe disease and provide a valid basis for reducing in-hospital mortality and improving patient prognosis.