bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperacusis in Children: A Thematic Analysis of Discussions in Online Forums
Authors: Potgieter Iskra , Hoare Derek J. , Fackrell Kathryn 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Hyperacusis is commonly defined as reduced tolerance to everyday sounds leading to avoidance behavior and disrupting normal functioning. Hyperacusis is prevalent in children. However, the literature on the manifestation and impact of hyperacusis on children is scant. This qualitative study examined online discussion forums to understand the lived experiences of hyperacusis in children from a parent or carer perspective.

Method:
Posts from publicly available online discussion forums were thematically analyzed. Online searching identified 219 potentially relevant conversation threads across 18 forums and involving 1,436 forum users. A total number of 170 eligible conversation threads, containing 1,834 messages, were used in the analysis.

Results:
Thematic analysis of the data generated six themes: personal and health information about the child, onset and prognosis, bothersome sounds and characteristics, reactions, coping strategies, and impact. Hyperacusis onset was associated with loud noise, physical trauma, or stress. Bothersome sounds were categorized in terms of appliances, vehicles, public places, nature, and very loud sounds. Children's reactions included panic, shaking, and screaming. Strategies to manage hyperacusis included ear defenders, building up tolerance, and school adaptations. Hyperacusis had an impact on various aspects of the child's life including academic performance and social development.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to account for the lived experiences of children experiencing hyperacusis from a parent/carer perspective using online forum data. These findings expand on existing research on the manifestation of hyperacusis in children and provide a basis for further work improving clinical assessment and management.
Clinical Practice Patterns With Pediatric Loudness Perception Measures
Authors: Flores Ashley N. , Gustafson Samantha J. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:Obtaining a patient's loudness discomfort level (LDL) can assist the audiologist in defining their dynamic range so that the hearing device fitting can ensure that low-level sounds are audible, average-level sounds are comfortable, and more intense sounds are loud but not too loud. A 2016 survey showed that 67.5% of 350 pediatric audiologist reported to never or rarely measure LDLs with pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing this previously reported limited use of LDL measures.Method:Sixty-two pediatric audiologists in the United States were surveyed using a questionnaire that sought to improve our understanding of the (non)use of loudness perception measures with pediatric patients and to assess familiarity with various loudness perception measurements. In addition, the questionnaire gathered information about the needs of pediatric audiologists in relation to LDL measures.Results:Audiologist report being largely unfamiliar with methods of assessing loudness perception in children, with categorical loudness scaling being the method with which they are most familiar. In addition, audiologists reported being more willing and able to measure LDLs in older compared to younger pediatric patients. Limited use of pediatric loudness perception measures appears to be driven by a lack of familiarity with measurement methods and the belief that loudness perception measures may not be useful for clinical practice.Conclusions:Findings highlight audiologists' need for further information regarding the relevance of loudness perception measurements with pediatric patients and the need for easy-to-implement LDL measurement procedures for pediatric patients of all ages.
Advocacy Engagement and Self-Efficacy of School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Lugo Victor A. , Wood Carla , Farquharson Kelly 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate advocacy engagement and self-efficacy of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and their perceptions of key issues in education and challenges to advocacy.

Method:
A 75-item survey was used to solicit information about advocacy-related experiences of 194 school-based SLPs. The survey included subsections on advocacy engagement, identity, training, and self-efficacy and solicited open-ended responses regarding perceived issues and hindrances.

Results:
Results demonstrated low percentages of respondents had received training in advocacy (15%) and participated in an event (14%). A high percentage of respondents (45%) reported feeling ill-equipped to advocate but viewed their role as advocates to be important. Overall, respondents self-rated as moderately efficacious advocates. Age and perceived advocacy importance were significant predictors of self-efficacy. Frequently cited issues in education included lack of resources and support for educators and students, teachers' rights, and mental health. Common challenges to advocacy included time constraints, lack of knowledge and support, and fear of retaliation.

Conclusions:
Based on reported challenges to advocacy, more research is necessary to further investigate the extent these factors influence engagement and self-efficacy. As SLPs in this study viewed their advocacy role to be important but perceived themselves to be unprepared, additional training and professional development opportunities could support the degree to which SLPs engage in advocacy and perceive themselves to be effective advocates.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19111532
Searching for the origin of the Ehrenreich effect in ultra-hot Jupiters
Authors: Sánchez-López A. , Landman R. , Mollière P. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Kesseli A. Y. , Snellen I. A. G. 
Published: February 2022

Extreme temperature contrasts between the day and nightside of ultra-hot Jupiters result in significantly asymmetric atmospheres, with a large expansion occurring over a small range of longitude around the terminator. Over the course of a transit, WASP-76 b rotates by about 30°, changing the observable part of the atmosphere and invoking variations in the appearance of its constituents. Specifically, during the latter part of the transit, the planet’s trailing limb probes an increasing portion of its inflated dayside, which has a higher atmospheric detectability in transmission. As recently reported, this results in time-variable effects in the neutral iron signal, which are amplified by its possible condensation on the nightside. Here, we study the presence of molecular signals during a transit of WASP-76 b observed with the CARMENES spectrograph and compare the contributions from this planet’s morning and evening terminators. The results are somewhat puzzling, with formal detections of water vapor (5.5σ) and hydrogen cyanide (5.2σ) but at significantly different positions in the KP−Vsys diagram, with a blueshift of −14.3 ± 2.6 km s−1 and a redshift of +20.8−3.9+7.8 km s−1 respectively, and a higher KP than expected. The H2O signal also appears stronger later on in the transit, in contrast to that of HCN, which seems stronger early on. We tentatively explain this by silicate clouds forming and raining out on the nightside of the planet, partially removing oxygen from the upper atmosphere. For atmospheric C/O values between 0.7 and 1, this leads to the formation of HCN at the planet’s morning limb. At the evening terminator, with the sequestered oxygen being returned to the gas phase due to evaporation, these C/O values lead to formation of H2O instead of HCN. Overall, if confirmed, these observations indicate that individual molecules trace different parts of the planet atmosphere, as well as nightside condensation, allowing spatial characterization. As these results are based on a single transit observation, we advocate that more data are needed to confirm these results and further explore these scenarios.
Sucht und Gewalt
Authors: Bischof Gallus 
Published: February 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,sowohl Abhängigkeitserkrankungen als auch gewalttätiges Verhalten
sind hochgradig prävalente und zugleich stigmatisierte Verhaltensweisen, die
zudem signifikant miteinander assoziiert sind. Menschen mit Suchterkrankungen sind
dabei überzufällig oft Täter:innen, aber auch Opfer. Ein
Effekt der Stigmatisierung ist auch, dass Gewalterfahrungen – aktiv und
passiv – noch immer nicht routinemäßig in der Behandlung von
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen erfasst werden. Erste Hinweise deuten zudem darauf
hin, dass durch die Pandemie das Ausmaß substanzinduzierter
häuslicher Gewalt noch zugenommen hat. Das vorliegende Schwerpunktheft soll
den Zusammenhang von Sucht und Gewalt und Implikationen für
Prävention und Behandlung exemplarisch an ausgewählten Themenfeldern
darstellen, wissend, dass viele Facetten des überaus komplexen
Zusammenhanges wie z. B. Aspekte struktureller Gewalt infolge von
Kriminalisierung und Ausgrenzung suchtkranker Menschen offen bleiben werden.
Association Between Prediabetes and Osteoarthritis: A
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Xi , Zhou Yong , Liu Jianxiu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSome studies have suggested that diabetes may be a risk factor for
osteoarthritis. However, whether prediabetes is also associated with
osteoarthritis has not been comprehensively examined. We performed a
meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between prediabetes and
osteoarthritis. This meta-analysis included relevant observational studies from
Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random-effect model after
incorporation of the intra-study heterogeneity was selected to pool the results.
Ten datasets from six observational studies were included, which involved 41 226
general adults and 10 785 (26.2%) of them were prediabetic. Pooled
results showed that prediabetes was not independently associated with
osteoarthritis [risk ratio (RR): 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI):
1.00 to 1.14, p=0.06, I2=0%]. Sensitivity
limited to studies with adjustment of age and body mass index showed consistent
result (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.14, p=0.09,
I2=0%). Results of subgroup analyses showed that
prediabetes was not associated with osteoarthritis in cross-sectional or cohort
studies, in studies including Asian or non-Asian population, or in studies with
different quality scores (p for subgroup difference>0.10). Besides,
prediabetes was not associated with osteoarthritis in men or in women, in
studies with prediabetes defined as impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose
tolerance, or HbA1c (approximately 39–46 mmol/mol).
Moreover, prediabetes was not associated with overall osteoarthritis, and knee
or hip osteoarthritis. Current evidence does not support that prediabetes is
independently associated with osteoarthritis in adult population.
Transanal Minimally-Invasive Surgery (TAMIS): Experience with No Closure of the Rectal Defect
Authors: Naiderman Diego , Tufare Ana Laura , Trinchero Lady Beatriz , Rossi Fernando , Dolan Martín , Cano Diego Martín , Fagalde Rafael López , Jury Gastón Leonardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background In transanal minimally-invasive surgery (TAMIS), the closure of the rectal defect is controversial, and endoluminal suture is one of the most challenging aspects. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the short- and medium-term complications of a consecutive series of patients with extraperitoneal rectal injuries who underwent TAMIS without closure of the rectal defect.
Materials and Methods A prospective, longitudinal, descriptive study conducted between August 2013 and July 2019 in which all patients with extraperitoneal rectal lesions, who were operated on using the TAMIS technique, were consecutively included. The lesions were: benign lesions ≥ 3 cm; neuroendocrine tumors ≤ 2 cm; adenocarcinomas in stage T1N0; and adenocarcinomas in stage T2N0, with high surgical risk, or with the patients reluctant to undergo radical surgery, and others with doubts about complete remission after the neoadjuvant therapy. Bleeding, infectious complications, rectal stenosis, perforations, and death were evaluated.
Results A total of 35 patients were treated using TAMIS without closure of the defect. The average size of the lesions was of 3.68 ± 2.1 cm (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.7 cm to 9 cm), their average distance from the anal margin was of 5.7 ± 1.48 cm, and the average operative time was of 39.2 ± 20.5 minutes, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 1 year. As for the pathologies, they were: 15 adenomas; 3 carcinoid tumors; and 17 adenocarcinomas. In all cases, the rectal defect was left open.The overall morbidity was of 14.2%. Two patients (grade II in the Clavien-Dindo classification) were readmitted for pain treatment, and three patients (grade III in the Clavien-Dindo classification) were assisted due to postoperative bleeding, one of whom required reoperation.
Conclusion The TAMIS technique without closure of the rectal defect yields good results, and present a high feasibility and low complication rate.
Silver-Catalyzed One-Pot Biarylamination of Quinones with Arylamines: Access to N-Arylamine-Functionalized p-Iminoquinone Derivatives
Authors: Dong Yu , Li Zhong-Hui , He Bing , Jiang Hui , Chen Xiang-Long , Ye Ji-Xian , Zhou Qiang , Gao Long-Sen , Luo Qi-Qi , Shi Zhi-Chuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConcise one-pot biarylamination of quinones with arylamines was developed to synthesize N-arylamine-functionalized p-iminoquinones derivatives. The approach employed AgOAc as the catalyst and (NH4)2S2O8 as the oxidant in the presence of 3-chlorophenylboronic acid, giving a series of N-arylamine-functionalized p-iminoquinone derivatives in moderate to good yields whereas reaction in the absence of the 3-chlorophenylboronic acid, gave a series of N-arylamine-functionalized 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. This catalytic approach represents a step-economic and convenient strategy for the difunctionalization of quinones.
Reading skills intervention during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Sucena Ana , Silva Ana Filipa , Marques Cátia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper diagnoses the reading skills at the onset of second grade after one (final) trimester of first grade, with online schooling as a result of COVID-19. It also describes and assesses the impact of a Reading Skills Consolidating Program conducted with second graders during the first weeks of the school year. This intervention program focuses on the promotion of letter-sound, phonemic awareness, decoding and spelling. The intervention was implemented with 446-second graders (224 boys and 208 girls), preceded and followed by a reading assessment. Results were analyzed with an intra (pre- and post-test) group design. A paired sample t-test indicated the presence of statistically significant differences between the two assessment moments, with higher values at the post-test. At the pre-test, there was a significantly higher than the normally expected percentage of students with a reading level on or below the 10th percentile along with a significantly worse performance among low Socioeconomic Status (SES) students. The post-test revealed a positive impact of the training program, as indicated by (i) a decrease to about half of the number of students at or below the 10th percentile, (ii) an increase of 20% of students with reading skills at or above the 30th percentile and (iii) the difference decrease in reading skills in a result of SES.
Snowy River environmental flows post-2002: lessons to be learnt
Authors: Bender Isobel , Pittock James , Roberts Jane 
Published: February 2022

In 2002, the Australian, New South Wales and Victorian governments agreed to the Snowy Water Inquiry Outcomes Implementation Deed for environmental flows to (in part) restore the health of the Snowy River in south-eastern Australia. This was the first legally binding commitment to deliver annual environmental flows in Australia. Twenty years on, we assess this Deed and its implementation to derive lessons that can inform environmental flows agreements globally. Information from governance documents, flow release data and interviews with stakeholders are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Deed. The target of 212 GL year−1 from 2012 has not once been reached. In turn, we find that implementation has been hindered by release of too little water, overly complex institutions that lack ownership and accountability, and no provision for review of the Deed. The lessons for effective environmental flow institutions are: (a) set clear, science-based environmental restoration objectives with stakeholders; (b) make roles and responsibilities for implementation clear; (c) enable independent and transparent monitoring, reporting and regulation; and (d) undertake periodic review to incorporate new knowledge, and to adapt to climatic and other unanticipated changes.
DNA methylation analysis using bisulphite-based amplicon sequencing of individuals exposed to maternal tobacco use during pregnancy, and offspring conduct problems in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Noble Alexandra J. , Pearson John F. , Noble Alasdair D. , Boden Joseph M. , Horwood L. John , Kennedy Martin A. , Osborne Amy J. 
Published: February 2022

Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy is a large driver of health inequalities and a higher prevalence of conduct problem (CP) has been observed in exposed offspring. Further, maternal tobacco use during pregnancy can also alter offspring DNA methylation. However, currently, limited molecular evidence has been found to support this observation. Thus we aim to examine the association between maternal tobacco use in pregnancy and offspring CP, to determine whether offspring CP is mediated by tobacco exposure-induced DNA methylation differences. Understanding the etiology of the association between maternal tobacco use and offspring CP will be crucial in the early identification and treatment of CP in children and adolescents. Here, a sub group of N = 96 individuals was sourced from the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a longitudinal birth cohort studied for over 40 years in New Zealand. Whole blood samples underwent bisulphite-based amplicon sequencing at 10 loci known to play a role in neurodevelopment, or which had associations with CP phenotypes. We identified significant (P < 0.05) differential DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in CYP1A1, ASH2L and MEF2C in individuals with CP who were exposed to tobacco in utero. We conclude that environmentally-induced DNA methylation differences could play a role in the observed link between maternal tobacco use during pregnancy and childhood/adolescent CP. However, larger sample sizes are needed to produce an adequate amount of power to investigate this interaction further.
Universal stabilization of the influenza hemagglutinin by structure-based redesign of the pH switch regions
Authors: Milder Fin J. , Jongeneelen Mandy , Ritschel Tina , Bouchier Pascale , Bisschop Ilona J. M. , de Man Martijn , Veldman Daniel , Le Lam , Kaufmann Baerbel , Bakkers Mark J. G. , Juraszek Jarek , Brandenburg Boerries , Langedijk Johannes P. M. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a prototypical class I fusion protein and a major component of current flu vaccines. HA is a metastable glycoprotein and undergoes conformational changes to the so-called postfusion state. Stabilization of the prefusion conformations of fusion proteins has proven to be a key success factor for the induction of efficacious immune response and stabilization has become a grand challenge in structural vaccinology. The study shows that three stabilizing mutations in two important pH-sensitive switch regions involved in the early refolding process impede refolding of the prefusion HA. Based on the substitutions of these highly conserved and buried HA residues a generally applicable stabilization strategy for all subtypes of group 1 and 2 influenza A HA was developed.
A comprehensive map of genetic relationships among diagnostic categories based on 48.6 million relative pairs from the Danish genealogy
Authors: Athanasiadis Georgios , Meijsen Joeri J. , Helenius Dorte , Schork Andrew J. , Ingason Andrés , Thompson Wesley K. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Werge Thomas , Buil Alfonso 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceThe ability to extract multigenerational family relationships from large-scale population cohorts provides a powerful means to understand the heritability of a wide range of diseases and their genetic relationships to each other. By showing how the heritability of broad diagnostic categories changes over time and how said categories are related on the genetic level, our analysis of the Danish genealogy and linked national patient registers illustrates the vast potential of this resource in current biomedical research.
Light emission by free electrons in photonic time-crystals
Authors: Dikopoltsev Alex , Sharabi Yonatan , Lyubarov Mark , Lumer Yaakov , Tsesses Shai , Lustig Eran , Kaminer Ido , Segev Mordechai 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Recent experimental developments pave the way for the realization of photonic time-crystals (PTCs): photonic media with strong periodic variations of the optical properties occurring at single-cycle timescales. We study the radiation of free electrons in PTCs and show that the electron emission at half the modulation frequency is enhanced exponentially, drawing its energy from the modulation. When the electron is slower than the speed of light in the medium, the emitted light is fully controlled by the modulation. This radiation and its nonresonant nature hold promise for widely tunable laser sources, drawing their energy from the modulation, efficient laser-based particle accelerators, and particle detectors with adjustable angle-resolving sensitivity.
Thermodynamics of evolution and the origin of life
Authors: Vanchurin Vitaly , Wolf Yuri I. , Koonin Eugene V. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
We employ the conceptual apparatus of thermodynamics to develop a phenomenological theory of evolution and of the origin of life that incorporates both equilibrium and nonequilibrium evolutionary processes within a mathematical framework of the theory of learning. The threefold correspondence is traced between the fundamental quantities of thermodynamics, the theory of learning, and the theory of evolution. Under this theory, major transitions in evolution, including the origin of life, represent specific types of physical phase transitions.
Setting a Q-uestionable attribute agenda
Authors: Funk Marcus , Speakman Burton 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe QAnon conspiracy blends ancient and malleable anti-Semitic bigotry with modern social media. Attribute intermedia agenda setting has rarely considered conspiracy theories. Conspiracies like QAnon are not fact-based and challenge conventional agenda setting methodologies. This study explores attribute IAS among national, regional, and local media coverage of QAnon-supporting congressional candidates in Georgia and Colorado in 2020. It introduces notions of rational and irrational agenda setting domains to fully analyze the transfer of irrational attributes across diverse media agendas.