bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase diagrams, quantum correlations and critical phenomena of antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on diamond-type hierarchical lattices
Authors: Zhang Pan-Pan , Gao Zhong-Yang , Xu Yu-Liang , Wang Chun-Yang , Kong Xiang-Mu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic (AF) Heisenberg systems are studied on three typical diamond-type hierarchical lattices (systems A, B and C) with fractal dimensions 1.63, 2 and 2.58, respectively, and the phase diagrams, critical phenomena and quantum correlations are calculated by a combination of the equivalent transformation and real-space renormalization group methods. We find that there exist a reentrant behavior for system A and a finite temperature phase transition in the isotropic Heisenberg limit for system C (not for system B). Unlike the ferromagnetic case, the Néel temperatures of AF systems A and B are inversely proportional to

ln

Δ

c

−
Δ

(when Δ → Δc) and ln Δ (when Δ → 0), respectively. And we also find that there is a turning point of quantum correlation in the isotropic Heisenberg limit Δ = 0 where there is a ‘peak’ of the contour and no matter how large the size of system is, quantum correlation will change to zero in the Ising limit for the three systems. The quantum correlation decreases with the increase of lattice size L and it is almost zero when L ⩾ 30 for system A, and for systems B and C, they still exist when L is larger than that of system A. Moreover, we discuss the effects of quantum fluctuation and analyze the errors of results in the above three systems, which are induced by the noncommutativity.
Fabrication of Pt–Ag–Au heterogeneous truncated hollow sub-microspheres for chemically self-propelled colloidal motors
Authors: Wei Yi , Zhao Qian , Zhang Hongwen , Zhou Le , Cai Weiping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Colloidal motors with cavity structure, which have advantages over solid motors in catalytic efficiency, cargo capacity and biocompatibility, are still expected. Here, we design and fabricate a type of truncated hollow sub-microsphere via organic colloidal template etching/heating and layer-by-layer isotropic deposition. The as-prepared truncated hollow sphere is of one circular open pore through the shell layer and built of Pt, Ag and Au shell layers from inside to outside. They are controllable in sphere diameter, circular open pore size and shell thickness, which depend on the template and deposition conditions. Further experiments have shown that the Ag sandwich layer and post-deposition ageing process are crucial to obtaining strong and complete truncated hollow sub-microspheres. Their formation is attributed to the template geometry and nearly isotropic deposition. Due to the catalytic Pt layer on the inner surface and the truncated hollow spherical structure, such Pt–Ag–Au hollow spheres are demonstrated to be chemically propelled colloidal motors, which can directionally move in H2O2-containing solutions. This study presents a controllable route for mass-fabricating heterogeneous multi-layer truncated hollow sub-microspheres, and provides a new type of chemically self-propelled colloidal motor.
Monte Carlo simulation of ultrafast nonequilibrium spin and charge transport in iron
Authors: Briones J , Schneider H C , Rethfeld B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Spin transport and spin dynamics after femtosecond laser pulse irradiation of iron (Fe) are studied using a kinetic Monte Carlo model. This model simulates spin dependent dynamics by taking into account two interaction processes during nonequilibrium: elastic electron–lattice scattering, where only the direction of the excited electrons changes, and inelastic electron–electron scattering processes, where secondary electrons are generated. An analysis of the spin dependent particle kinetics inside the material shows that a smaller elastic scattering time leads to a larger spatial spread of electrons in the material, whereas generation of secondary electrons extends the time span for superdiffusive transport and increases the spin current density.
Automatic rule-based generation of spinal cord connectome model for a neuro-musculoskeletal limb in-silico
Authors: Pithapuram Madhav Vinodh , Raghavan Mohan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Studying spinal interactions with muscles has been of great importance for over a century. However, with surging spinal-related movement pathologies, the need for computational models to study spinal pathways is increasing. Although spinal cord connectome models have been developed, anatomically relevant spinal neuromotor models are rare. However, building and maintaining such models is time-consuming. In this study, the concept of the rule-based generation of a spinal connectome was introduced and lumbosacral connectome generation was demonstrated as an example. Furthermore, the rule-based autogenerated connectome models were synchronized with lower-limb musculoskeletal models to create an in-silico testbed. Using this setup, the role of the autogenic Ia-excitatory pathway in controlling the ankle angle was tested.
Estimating Subgroup Effects in Generalizability and Transportability Analyses
Authors: Robertson Sarah E , Steingrimsson Jon A , Joyce Nina R , Stuart Elizabeth A , Dahabreh Issa J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Methods for extending—generalizing or transporting—inferences from a randomized trial to a target population involve conditioning on a large set of covariates that is sufficient for rendering the randomized and nonrandomized groups exchangeable. Yet, decision makers are often interested in examining treatment effects in subgroups of the target population defined in terms of only a few discrete covariates. Here, we propose methods for estimating subgroup-specific potential outcome means and average treatment effects in generalizability and transportability analyses, using outcome model--based (g-formula), weighting, and augmented weighting estimators. We consider estimating subgroup-specific average treatment effects in the target population and its nonrandomized subset, and we provide methods that are appropriate both for nested and non-nested trial designs. As an illustration, we apply the methods to data from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (North America, 1975–1996) to compare the effect of surgery plus medical therapy versus medical therapy alone for chronic coronary artery disease in subgroups defined by history of myocardial infarction.
Job Demands and Resources and Employee Well-being among Social Workers in China: The Mediating Effects of Affect
Authors: Cheung Shannon P , Xie Xiaoxia , Huang Chien-Chung , Li Xia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Social workers’ jobs require a great deal of emotional labour and can lead to compassion fatigue and psychological distress. Whilst China has seen rapid development in the professionalisation of social work, the future of this field is threatened by high burnout and turnover, prompting a need to understand how best to support the well-being of social workers, who provide essential services to vulnerable community members. This study examines job demands (JD) and resources as antecedents of employee well-being (EWB) and whether these relations are mediated by positive and negative affect (NA). In a sample of 897 social workers based in Chengdu, China, JD had a total effect of −0.15 on EWB (p &lt; 0.001), whilst job resources (JR) had a total effect of 0.52 on EWB (p &lt; 0.001). About two-thirds of JD’s effects and half of JR’s effects on EWB were mediated by positive and NA. The mediation effects of positive and NA suggest that interventions that seek to increase positive affect and reduce NA may promote EWB in Chinese social workers.
Adult alcohol drinking and emotional tone are mediated by neutral sphingomyelinase during development in males
Authors: Kalinichenko Liubov S , Mühle Christiane , Jia Tianye , Anderheiden Felix , Datz Maria , Eberle Anna-Lisa , Eulenburg Volker , Granzow Jonas , Hofer Martin , Hohenschild Julia , Huber Sabine E , Kämpf Stefanie , Kogias Georgios , Lacatusu Laura , Lugmair Charlotte , Taku Stephen Mbu , Meixner Doris , Sembritzki Nina-Kristin , Praetner Marc , Rhein Cosima , Sauer Christina , Scholz Jessica , Ulrich Franziska , Valenta Florian , Weigand Esther , Werner Markus , Tay Nicole , Mc Veigh Conor J , Haase Jana , Wang An-Li , Abdel-Hafiz Laila , Huston Joseph P , Smaga Irena , Frankowska Malgorzata , Filip Malgorzata , Lourdusamy Anbarasu , Kirchner Philipp , Ekici Arif B , Marx Lena M , Suresh Neeraja Puliparambil , Frischknecht Renato , Fejtova Anna , Saied Essa M , Arenz Christoph , Bozec Aline , Wank Isabel , Kreitz Silke , Hess Andreas , Bäuerle Tobias , Ledesma Maria Dolores , Mitroi Daniel N , Miranda André M , Oliveira Tiago Gil , Lenz Bernd , Schumann Gunter , Kornhuber Johannes , Müller Christian P 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlcohol use, abuse, and addiction, and resulting health hazards are highly sex-dependent with unknown mechanisms. Previously, strong links between the SMPD3 gene and its coded protein neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (NSM) and alcohol abuse, emotional behavior, and bone defects were discovered and multiple mechanisms were identified for females. Here we report strong sex-dimorphisms for central, but not for peripheral mechanisms of NSM action in mouse models. Reduced NSM activity resulted in enhanced alcohol consumption in males, but delayed conditioned rewarding effects. It enhanced the acute dopamine response to alcohol, but decreased monoaminergic systems adaptations to chronic alcohol. Reduced NSM activity increased depression- and anxiety-like behavior, but was not involved in alcohol use for the self-management of the emotional state. Constitutively reduced NSM activity impaired structural development in the brain and enhanced lipidomic sensitivity to chronic alcohol. While the central effects were mostly opposite to NSM function in females, similar roles in bone-mediated osteocalcin release and its effects on alcohol drinking and emotional behavior were observed. These findings support the view that the NSM and multiple downstream mechanism may be a source of the sex-differences in alcohol use and emotional behavior.
Circulation of an Artemisinin-Resistant Malaria Lineage in a Traveler Returning from East Africa to France
Authors: Coppée Romain , Bailly Justine , Sarrasin Véronique , Vianou Bertin , Zinsou Boris Enock , Mazars Edith , Georges Hugues , Hamane Samia , Lavergne Rose Anne , Dannaoui Eric , Balikagala Betty , Fukuda Naoyuki , Odongo-Aginya Emmanuel I , Mita Toshihiro , Houzé Sandrine , Clain Jérôme 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A returned traveler to Uganda presented with a Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 A675V mutant infection that exhibited delayed clearance under artesunate therapy. Parasites were genetically related to recently reported Ugandan artemisinin-resistant A675V parasites. Adequate malaria prevention measures and clinical and genotypic surveillance are important tools to avoid and track artemisinin resistance.
Survival after surgery of the ascending aorta: a matched cohort study
Authors: Skoglund Larsson Linn , Ljungberg Johan , Johansson Lars , Carlberg Bo , Söderberg Stefan , Brunström Mattias 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Surgery of ascending aortic aneurysms is performed prophylactically or acute. The expected survival after surgery is uncertain. The goal of this study was to compare mortality in people with aortic surgery with matched controls.

METHODS
All patients undergoing ascending aortic surgery at Umeå University Hospital from 1988 to 2012, who previously participated in 1 of 3 population-based health surveys, were matched to 2 randomly selected controls from the same health survey and followed until death or until censoring on 24 August 2017, whichever came first. Mortality was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Cox regression analyses were made for all-cause mortality, adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Deaths during the first 90 days after surgery and at &gt;90 days postoperatively were studied separately.

RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 9.2 years. A total of 61 of 189 patients and 51 of 370 controls died [hazard ratio (HR) 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91–4.01]. Mortality was increased during the first 90 days post-surgery (HR 43.4, 95% CI 5.83–323), as well as after the first 90 days (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.25–2.88) and after acute surgery (HR 6.05, 95% CI 2.92–12.56) as well as after elective surgery (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35–3.27). Among 57 surgical patients with information about cause of death, 23 (40%) died of aortic disease.

CONCLUSIONS
During follow-up, more patients died than matched controls. Findings were consistent when adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and across subgroups. Both short-term and long-term postoperative deaths were increased as well.
Composition of the surgical team in aortic arch surgery—a risk factor analysis
Authors: Berger Tim , Kreibich Maximilian , Rylski Bartosz , Schibilsky David , Pooth Jan-Steffen , Fagu Albi , Zimmer Emmanuel , Pingpoh Clarence , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Czerny Martin , Siepe Matthias 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of varying experiences within each surgical team to identify team-related risk factors on clinical outcomes after total aortic arch replacement.

METHODS
Each surgeon was rated from 1 to 5, and a surgical team’s score was calculated (operating surgeon + assisting surgeon = team score) by relying on each member’s experience. A composite end point (mortality, stroke or spinal cord injury) was defined.

RESULTS
Total aortic arch replacement was performed in 264 patients by 19 cardiovascular surgeons. Analysis revealed that the composite end point was attained more frequently when the team score was &lt;7 (n = 23; 29%) than &gt;7 (n = 35; 19%) (P = 0.015). There was a significant difference depending on the surgeon’s experience [3 = 23 (35%); 4 = 9 (22%); 5 = 26 (17%); P = 0.008] and whether he was equally experienced (n = 9, 45%) or not as the assisting surgeon (n = 49, 20%; P = 0.015). Logistic regression revealed age &gt;70 years [OR 2.93 (1.52–5.66); P = 0.001], previous stroke [OR 3.02 (1.36–6.70); P = 0.007], acute type A aortic dissection [OR 2.58 (1.08–6.13); P = 0.033], previous acute kidney injury [OR 2.27 (1.01–5.14); P = 0.049] and 2 surgeons with the same experience [OR 4.01 (1.47–10.96); P = 0.007] as predictors for the composite end point.

CONCLUSIONS
Total aortic arch replacement is equally safe whether an experienced surgeon carries it out or assists the procedure. A less experienced team may raise the risk for postoperative complications. Our data suggest an association of equally experienced surgeons in a team with worse outcomes than teams possessing different experience levels.
Sudden cardiac death in congenital heart disease
Authors: Khairy Paul , Silka Michael J , Moore Jeremy P , DiNardo James A , Vehmeijer Jim T , Sheppard Mary N , van de Bruaene Alexander , Chaix Marie-A , Brida Margarita , Moore Benjamin M , Shah Maully J , Mondésert Blandine , Balaji Seshadri , Gatzoulis Michael A , Ladouceur Magalie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for up to 25% of deaths in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). To date, research has largely been driven by observational studies and real-world experience. Drawbacks include varying definitions, incomplete taxonomy that considers SCD as a unitary diagnosis as opposed to a terminal event with diverse causes, inconsistent outcome ascertainment, and limited data granularity. Notwithstanding these constraints, identified higher-risk substrates include tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, cyanotic heart disease, Ebstein anomaly, and Fontan circulation. Without autopsies, it is often impossible to distinguish SCD from non-cardiac sudden deaths. Asystole and pulseless electrical activity account for a high proportion of SCDs, particularly in patients with heart failure. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation is essential to improve outcomes. Pulmonary hypertension and CHD complexity are associated with lower likelihood of successful resuscitation. Risk stratification for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) should consider the probability of SCD due to a shockable rhythm, competing causes of mortality, complications of ICD therapy, and associated costs. Risk scores to better estimate probabilities of SCD and CHD-specific guidelines and consensus-based recommendations have been proposed. The subcutaneous ICD has emerged as an attractive alternative to transvenous systems in those with vascular access limitations, prior device infections, intra-cardiac shunts, or a Fontan circulation. Further improving SCD-related outcomes will require a multidimensional approach to research that addresses disease processes and triggers, taxonomy to better reflect underlying pathophysiology, high-risk features, early warning signs, access to high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation and specialized care, and preventive therapies tailored to underlying mechanisms.
Misled by Evgenii Khaldei: “Budapest Ghetto” Photos Staged outside the Ghetto and Their False Narratives
Authors: Pastor Peter 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
World War II Soviet photojournalist Evgenii Khaldei gained fame in the West when his photographs of war victims were exhibited there in the 1990s. Among his Holocaust-related images are two iconic photos that he claimed were taken upon the January 18, 1945 liberation of the Budapest ghetto. One represents the wanton murder of Jews, the other their survival. Exhibited or published, these photos were accompanied by Khaldei’s brief stories about their subjects. The following examination proves that they were not taken in the ghetto, that they were staged, and that the stories Khaldei attached to them were false.
Energy Transition: A Labour Law Retrospective
Authors: Tomassetti Paolo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article investigates labour law and industrial relations implications of the energy transition from fossil-fuels to renewable energy sources. It discusses how and why different energy paradigms and their political economies have affected labour and industrial relations institutions over time. It is argued that sustainability of working conditions depends largely on organised labour’s access to, and control over, the natural, energy resources on which workers’ livelihoods depend. Drawing on a novel literature that considers energy sources as a core analytical referent, the following trajectories are presented and discussed. While the possibility of labour control over the mining and distribution of coal has favoured the development of democratic institutions and welfare state in Western jurisdictions and in recently developed economies in the so-called Global South, ‘petro-capitalism’ and the political economy of nuclear energy have contributed to the dismantling of internal labour markets and to the crisis of classical labour law and industrial relations institutions. In contrast to oil and nuclear power, renewable energy sources could favour the transition from an extractive economic model to one that is generative and participatory: by democratising the political and economic power of energy, renewables might be able to better serve human welfare, labour and the environment. Technological progress will be a decisive factor in facilitating the democratisation of the energy system. No less important are the institutional, political and legal variables which will be needed in the process of concluding the energy transition and building the society that future generations of workers and citizens deserve.
Economic Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Infection in European Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Mao Zhuxin , Li Xiao , Korsten Koos , Bont Louis , Butler Christopher , Wildenbeest Joanne , Coenen Samuel , Hens Niel , Bilcke Joke , Beutels Philippe ,   RESCEU Investigators, Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Pollard Andrew , Openshaw Peter , Martinon-Torres Federico , Heikkinen Terho , Meijer Adam , Fischer Thea K , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Abram Michael , Swanson Kena , Rizkalla Bishoy , Vernhes Charlotte , Gallichan Scott , Aerssens Jeroen , Kumar Veena , Molero Eva 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infections result in a considerable mortality and morbidity among the aging population globally. Influenza vaccination for older adults before the seasonal influenza epidemic has been evaluated to be cost-effective in many countries. Interventions against RSV in older adults are in the pipeline, and evaluating their cost-effectiveness is crucial for decision making. To inform such evaluations, our aim was to estimate average costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults with RSV and influenza infection.

Methods
The European RESCEU observational cohort study followed 1040 relatively healthy community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older during 2 consecutive winter seasons. Health care resource use and HRQoL were collected and analyzed during RSV episodes, and also during influenza episodes. Country-specific unit cost data were mainly obtained from national databases. Direct costs were estimated from a patient, health care provider, and health care payers’ perspective, whereas indirect costs were estimated from a societal perspective. Due to small sample size, no formal statistical comparisons were made.

Results
Thirty-six RSV and 60 influenza episodes were reported, including 1 hospitalization. Means (median; first-third quartile) of €26.4 (€5.5; 0–47.3) direct and €4.4 (€0; 0–0) indirect costs were reported per nonhospitalized RSV episode, and €42.5 (€36; 3.3–66.7) direct and €32.1 (€0; 0–0) indirect costs per nonhospitalized influenza episode. For RSV episodes, the utility value decreased from 0.896 (0.928; 0.854–0.953) to 0.801 (0.854; 0.712–0.937) from preseason to 1 week after symptom onset; for influenza, the change was from 0.872 (0.895; 0.828–0.953) to 0.664 (0.686; 0.574–0.797).

Conclusions
The average costs and HRQoL estimates of older adults treated outside the hospital can be used to inform the design of future studies and the decision making regarding interventions to prevent RSV infection in older adults. Larger studies are needed to provide better country-specific and complementary cost estimates and to allow for formal statistical comparison of costs between RSV and influenza.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03621930.