bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FENOMENA MARAKNYA PEER TO PEER LENDING DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: MITIGASI RISIKO HUKUM BAGI PEMINJAM [The Phenomenon of Peer-to-Peer Lending During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Mitigation of Legal Risks for Borrowers]
Authors: Shalmont Jerry , Dominica Dora 
Published: March 2022

<p>The use of Peer to Peer Lending (P2P Lending) has been increasing rapidly since the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, online loan has become a financing option for individuals and business entities. However, the facts showed that some P2P Lending providers operate without proper licenses from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), resulting in huge disadvantages for the borrowers as a result of illegal P2P Lending. This paper will analyze the legal aspects of P2P Lending in terms of risks, from its legality to supervision, and the role of associations in building a sustainable fintech ecosystem. Legal risks should be differentiated from investment risks in which from the user side, especially the borrowers, it is important to act proactively to check whether P2P Lending providers are legal and registered with OJK for risk management. This paper uses normative research by referring to some P2P Lending prevailing laws and regulations in Indonesia as well as factual facts. There are two types of approaches used, namely the statute and conceptual approach, to obtain the desired research results.</p><p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: </strong>Penggunaan <em>Peer to Peer Lending</em> (P2P <em>Lending</em>) sangat berkembang pesat sejak pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia, pinjaman <em>online</em> menjadi salah satu opsi pembiayaan baik bagi individu sampai dengan badan usaha. Akan tetapi, fakta menunjukan bahwa cukup banyak penyelenggara <em>P2P Lending</em> yang beroperasi namun tidak memiliki izin resmi dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), yang pada akhirnya mengakibatkan banyak pengguna yang merasa dirugikan akibat <em>P2P Lending</em> ilegal. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis aspek hukum dari <em>P2P Lending </em>dari segi risiko<em>,</em> legalitas sampai dengan pengawasan, serta peranan asosiasi dalam membangun ekosistem <em>fintech</em> yang berkelanjutan. Risiko hukum harus dibedakan dari risiko investasi dari sisi pengguna terutama peminjam, sangatlah penting untuk berperan proaktif mencari tahu penyelenggara <em>P2P</em> <em>Lending</em> legal dan terdaftar di OJK dalam rangka manajemen risiko. Jurnal ini menggunakan penelitian normatif dengan mengacu pada ketentuan hukum dan peraturan <em>P2P Lending</em> yang berlaku di Indonesia. Ada dua jenis pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual, guna mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang diinginkan.</p>
Use of superoxide dismutase activity indicator in the system of surface water ecological monitoring
Authors: Vember Valeriia , Shabliy Oleksandra , Bassak Anastasiia , Antonenko Denys 
Published: March 2022

The usage of herbicides is increasingly spreading both in the world and in Ukraine. Constant monitoring of this type of the polluting substances is one of the areas for maintaining the ecological security. It is significant for diverse environmental objects, especially for the surface water sources. Contemporary herbicides have a wide range of various mechanisms of action. In this regard, applied methods have to ensure the high level of sensitivity and reasonable specificity for measuring the excessive concentrations of herbicides in the environment. Besides, it is considerable to choose appropriate test organisms. They have to satisfy the list of requirements, while the most important one is that it would be a hydrophyte that has full contact with water. Therefore, the Elodea canadensis Michx. has been chosen by us as a test object. This species is a cosmopolitan and is widely used for the bioassay procedure.
The system of biochemical transformations is one of the most sensitive links for the maintenance of the cell homeostasis. Typically, enzymes react to the stress-induced variation in environmental situation by modification of their activity. Consequently, this fact is used for the stress assessment of the organism. We have offered to measure the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as the most remarkable system biomarker on the toxic impact of the herbicides. The main function of SOD is the prevention of the growing oxidative stress in the cell. Thus, it can serve as an integral index that acts on the influence of varied chemical substances.
For this reason, the aim of the research paper is to indicate the specific changes in the SOD activity of the Elodea canadensis’ cells in conducting the bioassay of the herbicides of varied groups.
The aim was achieved through the investigation of the dynamical changes in the SOD activity of Elodea canadensis. The water plant had contact with varied groups of the herbicides in different concentrations.
As a result, we have discovered the high sensitivity of the SOD activity of Elodea canadensis while being immersed into water with different herbicides. Hence, this test can be recommended for use to determine the contamination of water with pesticides.
We recommend using a one-day experiment for the most representative results to explore the dynamical changes in the enzyme activity of elodea in herbicide solution.
The elaborated bioassay method has the following advantages: quickness, accessibility and sensitivity. The absence of the specificity in similar studies can refer to disadvantages. Howsoever, it can also refer to advantages if the screening is conducted for a wide range of contaminations.
4-aminopyridine promotes accelerated skin wound healing via neurogenic-mediator expression
Authors: Mashanipalya Jagadeeshaprasad , Govindappa Prem Kumar , Nelson Amanda , Noble Mark , Elfar John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We discovered that 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel blocker approved by the FDA for improving walking ability in multiple sclerosis, greatly enhances skin wound healing. Benefits included faster wound closure, restoration of normal-appearing skin architecture, increased vascularization and reinnervation. Hair follicle neogenesis within the healed wounds was increased, both histologically and by analysis of K15 and K17 expression. 4-AP increased levels of vimentin (fibroblasts) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, collagen-producing myofibroblasts) in the healed dermis. 4-AP also increased neuronal regeneration with increased numbers of axons and S100+ Schwann cells (SCs), and increased expression of SRY-Box Transcription Factor 10 (SOX10). Treatment also increased levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), substance P and nerve growth factor (NGF), important promoters of wound healing. In-vitro studies demonstrated that 4-AP enhanced proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes and SCs, and that 4-AP enhanced cellular interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells to further accelerate wound healing. Thus, 4-AP enhanced many of the key attributes of successful wound healing and offers a promising new approach to enhance skin wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Evaluation of safety concerns for COVID-19 immunization of pregnant women: A systematic review of emerging evidence
Authors: Krishna Hare , Motwani Rohini , Kumari Chiman , Sahni Chetan , Ananat Monika , Mishra Abhishek , Kulandhasamy Maheswari , Rana Kavita , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
There is an urgent need to review the status of COVID-19 vaccine immunization in pregnant women globally so that the adverse outcomes may be prevented. In this study we performed a systematic review of the available literature to evaluate the probable outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women.
Methods
An electronic search was conducted over the period of 3 months (June 15-August 15, 2021). The original studies evaluating safety concerns in pregnant women for COVID-19 vaccination were included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 guidelines were used for the collection of the data and reporting of the findings. The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the studies were determined based on ‘PICO principle’ (Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome, Study design. Risk of bias assessment was done using National Institute of Health (NIH) tool for systematic reviews.
Results
COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women was not associated with increased adverse effects or complications to the mother as well as developing fetus or newborn compared to non-vaccinated pregnant women. Vaccinated pregnant women showed a robust immune response against COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy causes no significant health risks for the mother or developing fetus or newborn.
The interprofessional and interorganizational collaboration in perinatal care settings after issuing the Quebec Perinatal Policy 2008-2018: A single case study
Authors: Behruzi Roksana , Klam Stephanie , Jimenez Vania , Hatem Hatem M , Rodriguez Charo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The main objective of this study was to explore how the Quebec Perinatal Policy influenced the collaborative experiences of maternity care providers in a birthing center and its affiliated hospital. Methods: A single case study was used. Data collection included semi-structural interviews with multidisciplinary professional and administrator participants; direct observation and field notes; documents and archives. A qualitative thematic method and QDA Miner software were used for analysis. Results: Our investigation reveals that midwives have complete access to the hospital with which a formal agreement was signed. The completion of the Quebec Perinatal Policy is still under question because of the lack of human and financial resources. Some of the barriers to fully execution of the Perinatal Policy in the province of Quebec include the absence of strategies or willingness to open more birthing centers, the scarcity of training sites for midwives, and the limited number of schools that provide midwifery education in Quebec. There was no obvious effect of Quebec Perinatal Policy on the collaborative professional activities among midwives in the birthing center and other professionals in the affiliated hospital. Tension among maternity care professionals was fuelled by prejudice, a poor understanding of the roles and lack of trust of other professionals, poor communication, and an unwillingness to collaborate. Factors that facilitated collaboration between maternity care professionals were close communication and exchange of information between personnel, participation in multidisciplinary workshops and meetings, and proper preparation of midwifery clients for possible transfer of care. Conclusion: Collaboration is necessary among maternity care professionals in order to better implement the perinatal care policies in Quebec. Additional strategies include clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of the various maternity care providers, designing interdisciplinary programs and workshops to strengthen teamwork and to improve understanding of the scope of practice of other maternity care professionals, in order to encourage mutual respect and collaboration.
Resilience During Covid – a Qualitative Study on the Experience of Rural Hospital Healthcare Workers
Authors: McConnell Ailbhe , Abbas Ray , Madden Lindsey , Kearns Angela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
AIMSThe purpose and aims of this study were to explore the existing resilience beliefs amongst a range of healthcare staff in a rural Irish hospital during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to ascertain whether this cohort developed enhanced resilience following this experience. METHODSQualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with a cohort of hospital staff who worked on a designated covid ward during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. An interview guide was employed to facilitate consistent and analogous data. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used for data analysis yielding themes and sub-themes.RESULTSWhile participants highlighted a number of personal and professional difficulties, positive experiences were also described, including enhanced team work and inter-professional dynamics. Workers utilised a number of affirmative strategies to foster resilience development, and twelve out of thirteen study participants (92%) acknowledged an overall improvement in their perceived resilience skills following their experiences.CONCLUSIONThis study found that a subset of healthcare workers on the frontline of a rural Irish hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, from a variety of hospital-based roles, employed similar methods to bolster resilience as individuals. The study highlighted areas of improvement in the workplace which could enhance personal and workplace/hospital resilience, including improved lines of communication, and improved staffing.
Central kisspeptin does not affect ERK1/2 or p38 phosphorylation in oxytocin neurons of late-pregnant rats
Authors: Abbasi Mehwish , Augustine Rachael , Iremonger Karl , Brown Colin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Oxytocin is secreted by hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) oxytocin neurons to induce uterine contractions during parturition. Increased activation of oxytocin neurons at parturition involves a network of afferent inputs that increase oxytocin neuron excitability. Kisspeptin fibre density increases around oxytocin neurons during pregnancy, and central kisspeptin administration excites oxytocin neurons only in late pregnancy. Kisspeptin signals via extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38. Therefore, to determine whether kisspeptin excites oxytocin neurons via ERK1/2-p38 signalling in late-pregnant rats, we performed immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) in oxytocin neurons of non-pregnant and late-pregnant rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) kisspeptin administration (2 µg) did not affect pERK1/2 or p-p38 expression in SON and PVN oxytocin neurons of non-pregnant or late-pregnant rats. Furthermore, ICV kisspeptin did not affect pERK1/2 or p-p38 expression in brain areas with major projections to the SON and PVN: the nucleus tractus solitarius, rostral ventrolateral medulla, locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, median preoptic nucleus, subfornical organ, anteroventral periventricular nucleus, periventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus. Hence, kisspeptin-induced excitation of oxytocin neurons in late pregnancy does not appear to involve ERK1/2 or p38 activation in oxytocin neurons or their afferent inputs.
Comparison of Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hybrid Tibial Fixations Between Adjustable Suspensory Device with Interference Screw and Cortical Screw Post with Interference Screw: A Prospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Lai Po-Jen , Chang Wen-Pei , Wong Chin-Chean , Liaw Chen-Kun , Weng Pei-Wei , Chen Chih-Hwa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have compared different kinds of fixations for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Nevertheless, there is no optimal method to date. Furthermore, to the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no article discussing the combination of suspensory device and interference screw for hybrid tibial fixation.Methods: In total, 66 patients (34, modified group; 32, traditional group) were enrolled. Their International Knee Documentation Committee score, Tegner score, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score were evaluated after a 2-year follow-up. The range of motion, anterior knee irritation and Lachman test were assessed at least 12 months after surgery. To evaluate tunnel widening, anteroposterior and lateral view radiography was conducted 1 day after surgery and at least 12 months later. A more than 10% change in the tunnel was considered as tibial tunnel widening. Mann–Whitney U test, independent t test, and chi-squared test were used to compare the variables between the groups.Results: No variable except gender (P = 0.006) showed any significant difference with regard to demographic data. Functional scores and physical examinations also showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. Patients who underwent traditional hybrid fixation were more prone to anterior knee irritation (P = 0.028). Further, more patients who underwent traditional hybrid fixation showed greater percentage of tunnel widening in the lateral view of radiographs (P = 0.033). No significant difference was observed in the anteroposterior view of radiographs between the groups (P = constant).Conclusion: Patients who underwent modified hybrid tibial fixation had similar clinical outcomes at 2-year follow-up, but less tibial tunnel widening in lateral view radiographs and less anterior knee irritation at 1-year follow-up compared with patients who underwent traditional hybrid tibial fixation.Trial Registration:Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (No: N201805094).Study Design:Prospective comparative cohort study; Level of evidence, II.
Impact of metastatic lymph node ratio on survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with celiac lymph node metastasis: A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Li Tingting , Fu Xiaobin , Yao Qiwei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of pathological lymph node ratio (pN ratio) on the survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with celiac lymph node metastasis (LNM).
Methods
In total, 181 ESCC patients with celiac LNM who received radical esophagectomy and 3-field lymph node dissection (3-FL) between January 2006 and December 2009 in Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital and met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to calculated the optimal cutoff value. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was performed to assess the overall survival (OS) differences between groups. The factors achieved the significantly statistical differences in the univariate analysis were used to build predicting models. The concordance index (C-index) was calculated to compare the discrimination ability and predictive accuracy of the multivariate models. A regression model was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for the imbalance and indication biases in the 2 groups.
Results
The median follow-up time was 28 months (range, 1-110 months), and the 5-year OS rate was 13%. According to ROC curve analysis, the optimal cutoff value for pN ratio was 12%. Univariate analysis revealed that age (P = 0.039), tumor thickness (P = 0.041), vascular invasion (P = 0.011), post-operative chemotherapy (P = 0.013), pathologic T stage (pT stage) (P = 0.008), pathological N station (pN station) (P = 0.001), pathological N stage (pN stage) (P < 0.001), and pN ratio (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with OS. C-index values of the multivariate model 1 (pN stage), model 2 (pN station), and model 3 (pN ratio) were 0.664 (0.615–0.712), 0.667 (0.619–0.715), 0.67 (0.619–0.721). Model 3 increased slightly compared with model 1 and model 2, however, statistical analysis showed no significant difference. The multivariate Cox regression model identified pN ratio (P = 0.008), age (P = 0.044), vascular invasion (0.041), and post-operative chemotherapy (P = 0.024) as independent factors affecting OS. After PSM, patients with a pN ratio < 12% had a better OS than those with a pN ratio ≥ 12% (5-year 0S, 19% vs 5%).
Conclusion
The pN ratio may treat as a reliable prognostic factor for ESCC patients with celiac LNM treated with radical esophagectomy and 3-FL. Larger-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings.
The pathogenic roles of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Xu Peng-Cheng , Bai Xue , Chen Tong , Zhang Hao-Miao , Wu Si-Jing , Yang Xia , Gao Shan , Jia Jun-Ya , Jiang Jian-Qing , Yan Tie-Kun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The significance of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has not been clarified. In this study, the pathogenic role of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in AAV were investigated.Results: Both serum and urine S100A8/A9 and S100A12 of AAV patients were excessively increased (compared with healthy controls, p<0.001), and were correlated with the activity and severity of disease. Serum S100A8/A9 was correlated with serum S100A12 (r=0.728, p<0.001), and there was also a relationship between urinary S100A8/A9 and S100A12 (r=0.536, p=0.001). In vitro study showed S100A8/A9 and S100A12 increased the chemotaxis index (CI) and the release of IL-1β, extended the life span, and enhanced the complement activation of ANCA-activated neutrophils. Blockade of TLR4 and RAGE inhibited the functions of S100A8/A9 and S100A12. Western-blotting showed p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65 pathway was involved in the influence of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 on ANCA-activated neutrophils. The effects of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent because both S100A8/A9 and S100A12 did not enhance the ANCA-induced ROS and NETs generation.Conclusion: S100A8/A9 and S100A12 not only serve as markers for assessing the disease activity and severity, but also might take part into the pathogenesis of AAV directly.
Down-regulation of FGF10 in hypospadias prepuce
Authors: Yamada Susumu , Miyahara Katsumi , Fujiwara Naho , Lane Geoffrey J. , Yamataka Atsuyuki , Okawada Manabu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) expressed in the genital tubercle, especially FGF8 and FGF10, may be implicated in the morphogenesis of external genitalia. We investigated the expression of FGF8 and FGF10 in hypospadias prepuce to confirm any correlation.Methods: Hypospadias was classified according to the location of the external meatus as coronal/subcoronal (mild; n=7), midshaft (moderate; n=6), penoscrotal (severe; n=3). Prepuce tissue specimens obtained intraoperatively from hypospadias patients (H; n=16), phimosis patients (P; n=8) between 2010 and 2016 were examined immunohistochemically. Quantification of immunostaining was performed using imageJ®. The protein expression of FGF10 in each group was examined by Western blot analysis.Results: Mean ages at surgery were 3.9 and 4.5 years for H and P, respectively. Both FGF8 and FGF10 were expressed in the upper dermis, especially the papillary layer. FGF8 was similar, but FGF10 was down-regulated in H in proportion to severity (P: 13.08% versus mild H: 7.28%, moderate H: 5.01%, severe H: 1.38%). The FGF10 protein amount results showed FGF10 was down-regulated in H (phimosis 0.91, mild 0.99, moderate 0.65, severe 0.48).Conclusion: The significant down-regulation of FGF10 identified may contribute to further understanding the etiology of hypospadias and may have some possible applications for treating hypospadias.