bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A concept analysis of ‘trial recruitment’ using the hybrid model
Authors: Delaney Hannah , Devane Declan , Hunter Andrew , Treweek Shaun , Mills Nicola , Gamble Carrol , Smith Valerie 
Published: April 2022

Background: The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) requires trials submitted for publication to be registered before recruitment of the first participant; however, there is ambiguity around the definition of recruitment and in anchoring the trial start date, end date, and recruitment, or as often interchangeably referred to, enrolment, temporally to trial processes. There is potential for variation in how recruitment is reported and understood in trial protocols and trial reports. We report on a concept analysis of ‘trial recruitment’ and develop an operational definition of ‘trial recruitment’. Methods: A concept analysis using the hybrid model. In Phase 1 we examined randomised and non-randomised trial reports (n=150) published between January 2018 and June 2019 to conceptually explore how recruitment was temporally aligned to the four time-points of screening/eligibility, consent, randomisation and allocation. A preliminary operational definition of ‘trial recruitment’ was determined. This definition was further explored, refined and finalised in Phase 2 (field work), through an interactive, discussion-focused workshop with trial recruiters and trial participants. Results: Of the 150 trial reports analysed, over half did not identify a clear time point of when recruitment took place and varying terminology is used when reporting on trial recruitment. In Phase 2, the workshop attendees agreed that the proposed definition of ‘trial recruitment’ offers an acceptable definition that provides a standardised approach of how trial recruitment may be temporally understood as part of overall trial processes. Conclusion: There is ambiguity around temporal descriptions of ‘trial recruitment’ in health care journals. Informed by the findings of this concept analysis we propose a temporal operational definition of trial recruitment based on i) trial recruitment of an individual or cluster and ii) the trial recruitment period.
Differences in total and regional body fat and their association with BMI in UK-born White and South Asian children: findings from the Born in Bradford birth cohort
Authors: Santorelli Gillian , West Jane , Yang Tiffany , Wright John , Bryant Maria , Lawlor D.A. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a proxy to determine excess adiposity, though this may underestimate fat mass (FM) in individuals of South Asian (SA) heritage. SA tend to have greater central adiposity than white people, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the differences in total and regional FM using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to see if any differences in FM varied by BMI category in UK-born white and SA children aged ~9 years. Methods: Anthropometric measurements and DXA scans were undertaken from 225 white and 269 SA children from the Born in Bradford cohort study. Linear regression was used to assess ethnic differences in total body fat percent and total and regional FM. Results: Although mean BMI was similar, compared to white children, the proportion of SA children who were overweight or obese was ~10% higher, and the proportion with > 35% total body fat (TBF) was 22% and 16% higher in boys and girls respectively. Mean TBF% was greater in SA children compared to white children in the same BMI category. Fat mass index (FMI) was higher in all body regions in SA children in all BMI categories; as was total and truncal FMI in healthy and overweight, but not obese, SA children.. Conclusions: Greater TBF% and total and regional FM in SA children suggests they may be at greater risk of future cardiometabolic disease at a BMI level below the obesity threshold. However, our sample size was small, and results may be influenced by selection bias and confounding; our findings need to be replicated in a larger study.
Practice nurse workforce numbers: are we heading towards a problem?
Authors: Butler Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Practice nurse numbers are a concern. Sarah Butler looks at the barriers to getting more nurses into general practice The number of practice nurses in the UK is significantly lower than those working as nurses on a ward. Despite many experienced nurses opting to work a practice nurses, the number of newly qualified nurses choosing practice nursing as their first post is low. Newly qualified nurses, instead, prefer to gain experience in secondary care first, with many not realising practice nurses do not need to have worked in secondary care. Pressures such as increasing workload and an ageing workforce will only deplete the number of practice nurses in post already, therefore increasing practice nurse numbers is essential.
PROMIS Depression and Anxiety in shoulder surgery patients
Authors: Baker Mitchell , Albelo Fernando , Zhang Tina , Schneider Matheus Boettcher , Foster Michael J. , Aneizi Ali , Hasan S. Ashfaq , Gilotra Mohit N. , Henn R. Frank 
Published: April 2022

Aims The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients undergoing shoulder surgery using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression and Anxiety computer adaptive tests, and to determine the factors associated with more severe symptoms. Additionally, we sought to determine whether PROMIS Depression and Anxiety were associated with functional outcomes after shoulder surgery. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 293 patients from an urban population who underwent elective shoulder surgery from 2015 to 2018. Survey questionnaires included preoperative and two-year postoperative data. Bivariate analysis was used to identify associations and multivariable analysis was used to control for confounding variables. Results Mean two-year PROMIS Depression and Anxiety scores significantly improved from preoperative scores, with a greater improvement observed in PROMIS Anxiety. Worse PROMIS Depression and Anxiety scores were also significantly correlated with worse PROMIS Physical Function (PF) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (ASES). After controlling for confounding variables, worse PROMIS Depression was an independent predictor of worse PROMIS PF, while worse PROMIS Anxiety was an independent predictor of worse PROMIS PF and ASES scores. Conclusion Mean two-year PROMIS Depression and Anxiety scores improved after elective shoulder surgery and several patient characteristics were associated with these scores. Worse functional outcomes were associated with worse PROMIS Depression and Anxiety; however, more severe two-year PROMIS Anxiety was the strongest predictor of worse functional outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(4):479–485.
Survival of the GAP II cage in the management of metastatic disease of the acetabulum
Authors: Kennedy Ian W. , Farhan-Alanie Omer M. , Young David , Kelly Michael P. , Young Peter S. 
Published: April 2022

AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of an antiprotrusio acetabular cage (APC) when used in the surgical treatment of periacetabular bone metastases.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study using a prospectively collected database involved 56 patients who underwent acetabular reconstruction for periacetabular bone metastases or haematological malignancy using a single APC between January 2009 and 2020. The mean follow-up was 20 months (1 to 143). The primary outcome measure was implant survival. Postoperative radiographs were analyzed for loosening and failure. Patient and implant survival were assessed using a competing risk analysis. Secondary parameters included primary malignancy, oncological treatment, surgical factors, length of stay in hospital, and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 33 patients (59%) died during the study period at a mean of 15 months postoperatively (1 to 63). No patient had radiological evidence of loosening or failure. Acetabular component survival was 100%. Three patients (5.4%) had further surgery; one (1.8%) underwent revision of the femoral component for dislocation, one required debridement with implant retention for periprosthetic joint infection, and one required closed reduction for dislocation. Using death as a competing risk, at 100 months, the probability of revision was 0.036 and the risk of death was 0.84.ConclusionWith appropriate patient selection, the antiprotrusio cage offers good implant survival, with a reasonable perioperative complication rate in this high-risk group of patients when managing metastatic disease or haematological malignancy around the acetabulum.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(4):504–509.
Unexpected malignancy at the time of hysterectomy performed for a benign indication: A retrospective review
Authors: Elliott Cara G. , Murji Ally , Matelski John , Adekola Adebanke Bianca , Chrzanowski Jessica , Shirreff Lindsay 
Published: April 2022

Objective
To determine the proportion of patients undergoing hysterectomy for a benign indication who have unexpected malignancy (UM) on postoperative pathology and characterize the nature of UMs.

Methods
This was a multi-center, retrospective study of patients undergoing hysterectomy for a benign indication from July 2016 to December 2019 at 7 Ontario, Canada hospitals (4 academic, 3 community). Hysterectomies for invasive placentation, malignant, and premalignant indications were excluded. Primary outcome was rate of unexpected malignancy as defined by the number of patients with malignancy on final pathology divided by the total number of hysterectomy cases. Data was extracted from health records and electronic charts. Patient, surgical, and surgeon characteristics were compared between benign and UM groups using bivariate methods. Associations between UM status and perioperative variables were assessed using bivariate logistic regression.

Results
In the study period, 2779 hysterectomies were performed. UM incidence was 1.8% (51 malignancies/2779 cases), with one patient having two malignancies (total UMs = 52). The most common UM types were endometrial (27/52, 51.9%) and sarcoma (13/52, 25%). Patients with UM were older (57.2 ± 11.4 years vs. 52.8 ± 12.5 years, p = .015), had more previous laparotomies (2 (1.25, 2.0) vs. 1 (1.0, 1.0), p < .001), and higher BMI (29.7 ± 7.2 kg/m2 vs. 28.0 ± 5.9 kg/m2, p = .049) and ASA class (p < .028). Regarding surgical factors, patients with UM had more adhesions (p = .001), transfusions (p = .020), and blood loss (p = .006) compared to those with benign pathology. Patient characteristics most strongly associated with UM were age (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.78–3.72, p < .001) and preoperative diagnosis of pelvic mass (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.11–6.20, p = .019).

Conclusion
Incidence of UM at hysterectomy for benign indication was 1.8%. Several perioperative variables are associated with an increased chance of UM.
Impact of fatigue at the shoulder on the contralateral upper limb kinematics and performance
Authors: Dupuis Frédérique , Sole Gisela , Mercier Catherine , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: April 2022

Background
Altered movement patterns have been proposed as an etiological factor for the development of musculoskeletal pain. Fatigue influences upper limb kinematics and movement performance which could extend to the contralateral limb and potentially increasing risk of injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of fatigue at the dominant arm on the contralateral upper limb movement.

Methods
Forty participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control or Fatigue Group. All participants completed a reaching task at the baseline and post-experimental phase, during which they reached four targets with their non-dominant arm in a virtual reality environment. Following the baseline phase, the Fatigue Group completed a shoulder fatigue protocol with their dominant arm only, while the Control Group took a 10-minute break. Thereafter, the reaching task was repeated. Upper limb and trunk kinematics (joint angles and excursions), spatiotemporal (speed and accuracy) and surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity (sEMG signal mean epoch amplitude and median frequency of the EMG power spectrum) were collected. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA were performed to determine the effects of Time, Group and of the interaction between these factors.

Results
There was a significant Time x Group interaction for sternoclavicular elevation range of motion (p = 0.040), movement speed (p = 0.043) and accuracy (p = 0.033). The Fatigue group showed higher contralateral sternoclavicular elevation and increased movement error while experiencing fatigue in the dominant arm. Moreover, the Control group increased their speed during the Post-experimental phase compared to baseline (p = 0.043), while the Fatigue group did not show any speed improvement. There was no EMG sign of fatigue in any of the muscles evaluated.

Conclusion
This study showed that fatigue at the dominant shoulder impacts movement at the contralateral upper limb. Such changes may be a risk factor for the development of shoulder pain in both the fatigued and non-fatigued limbs.
AGPAT1 as a Novel Colonic Biomarker for Discriminating Between Ulcerative Colitis With and Without Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Vessby Johan , Wisniewski Jacek R. , Lindskog Cecilia , Eriksson Niclas , Gabrysch Katja , Zettl Katharina , Wanders Alkwin , Carlson Marie , Rorsman Fredrik , Åberg Mikael 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-UC) is considered a unique inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) entity. PSC diagnosis in an IBD individual entails a significantly higher risk of gastrointestinal cancer; however, biomarkers for identifying patients with UC at risk for PSC are lacking. We, therefore, performed a thorough PSC-UC biomarker study, starting from archived colonic tissue.

METHODS:
Proteins were extracted out of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded proximal colon samples from PSC-UC (n = 9), UC (n = 7), and healthy controls (n = 7). Patients with IBD were in clinical and histological remission, and all patients with UC had a history of pancolitis. Samples were processed by the multienzyme digestion FASP and subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Candidate proteins were replicated in an independent cohort (n: PSC-UC = 16 and UC = 21) and further validated by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS:
In the discovery step, 7,279 unique proteins were detected. The top 5 most differentiating proteins (PSC-UC vs UC) based on linear regression analysis were selected for replication. Of these, 1-acetylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1 (AGPAT1) was verified as higher in PSC-UC than UC (P = 0.009) in the replication cohort. A difference on the group level was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry, showing more intense AGPAT1 staining in patients with PSC-UC compared with UC.

DISCUSSION:
We present AGPAT1 as a potential colonic biomarker for differentiating PSC-UC from UC. Our findings have possible implication for future PSC-IBD diagnostics and surveillance.
Assessment of heavy metal contaminations in water and sediment of River Godavari, India
Authors: Samanta S. , Kumar V. , Nag S. K. , Saha K. , A.M. Sajina , Bhowmick S. , Paul S.K. , Das B.K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Godavari is the largest river of peninsular India and receives a significant quantity of pollutants from diverse sources, including many industries, urban developments and agricultural fields. Such pollution is more prominent in the upper stretch of the river. This work aimed to assess the water and sediment contaminations of River Godavari for the presence of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn. Samples were collected from 10 sampling stations covering the entire stretch of the river. Sediment pollution characteristics and potential ecological risks were evaluated by calculating contamination factor, degree of contamination, pollution load index, geo-accumulation, and the potential ecological risk index. Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to predict the probable sources of heavy metals.
The concentrations of studied heavy metals in water were mostly observed below the detection limit using the flame mode of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope and recorded safe for the biotic community. The mean concentrations of metals in the sediments were calculated and also recorded to be safe with respect to the guideline values of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1999). However, the sampling site-specific calculated contamination factors indicated moderate contamination of some of the stretches as: S1 for the presence of Cu, Mn, Zn; S2 for Cu, Zn; S3 and S4 for Cu; S5 for the dominance of Mn. The rest of the sites were free from sediment metal contaminations. The degree of contamination values specified S2 as moderately contaminated. Pollution load index indicated sites S1 and S2 as contaminated. Both geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index designated lower levels of pollution in the river owing to sediment metal contaminations. Furthermore, a comparison of the heavy metal concentrations with sediment quality guidelines signified that the heavy metal pollutions (Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn) tend to pose occasional harmful effects on the ecosystem. From Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis, two main sources of metal pollution were predicted. The Cu, Cr and Zn contaminants were mainly derived from human activities and Mn from natural sources as well as human activities.
Assessing the influence of environmental factors on fish assemblage and spatial diversity in an unexplored subtropical Jargo reservoir of the Ganga River basin
Authors: Alam Absar , Kumar Jeetendra , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Jha Dharm Nath , Das Shyamal Chandra Sukla , Srivastava Saket Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Das Basanta Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The understanding of patterns in fish assemblages is imperative for management and conservation plans. There is a dearth of information on the environmental factors affecting the fish community structure in the reservoirs built on the intermittent rivers of India. We hypothesized that the environmental factors most likely influenced the patterns in the structure of fish diversity at temporal and spatial scales in a sub-tropical reservoir of the Ganga River basin. The data was gathered seasonally from April 2017 to March 2018 from three sites each in the riverine, transitional, and lacustrine zones of the reservoir. About 16,220 fish specimens were captured that belonged to 7 orders, 14 families, 31 genera, and 40 species. The diversity indices showed the highest diversity in the riverine and the lowest in the lacustrine zones of the reservoir. At a temporal scale, the highest diversity was observed in the monsoon season and lowest during the summer season. The cluster analysis spatially separated the fish fauna into three groups, each group formed by sampling sites in the riverine, transitional and lacustrine regions of the reservoir and may have resulted from physico-chemical and anthropogenic influences. Our study suggests the need to consider the possible influence of altered environmental conditions on fish assemblage, and some recommendations were suggested for the improvement of the fisheries impacted by the construction of dams.
Redesigning a Research Methods Course with Personalized, Interactive OER: A Case Study of Student Perceptions and Performance
Authors: Wynants Shelli A. 
Published: April 2022

This case study examines student learning outcomes derived from the redesign of an undergraduate child development research methods course, replacing a commercial textbook with Open Educational Resources (OER), which were remixed into interactive lessons. Using survey and exam performance data, two areas were evaluated: 1) students' experiences with the OER lessons; and (2) students' exam results from two OER sections compared to two previous commercial textbook sections taught by the same instructor. No significant differences in exam performance between the two groups were observed; however, student perceptions of the OER lessons indicated strong satisfaction. Implications of these findings, such as OER benefits for teaching and learning, are discussed.
Tripulantes: voces y creación en mundos digitales
Authors: Santamaría Valero Flor Alba 
Published: April 2022

En la actualidad, estemos de acuerdo o no, somos habitantes de los mundos digitales. Se habla con frecuencia de generalidades tales como “mundos digitales” y “cultura digital” pero, además, y en forma particular, del “mundo del hombre digital”, “habitantes digitales” y de “enjambre digital”. Como lo explica el filósofo surcoreano Byung-Chul Han: “Al enjambre digital le falta un alma o un espíritu de la masa. Los individuos que se unen en un enjambre digital no desarrollan ningún nosotros” (2014, p. 16); por el contrario: “Medios electrónicos como la radio congregan a los hombres, mientras que los medios digitales los aíslan” (2014, p. 17). De manera que se genera un nuevo contexto de significación cultural.
Analýza školních vzdělávacích programů přírodopisu na druhém stupni pražských základních škol
Authors: Janštová Vanda , Hančlová Daniela , Kuba Radim 
Published: April 2022

Od kurikulární reformy se očekávalo mj. upuštění od striktních osnov a zaměření na kompetence a větší celky. Panuje pocit, že mnoho očekávání nebylo naplněno, a aktuálně probíhají další revize bez většího zapojení odborné veřejnosti.
Cíl: Analyzovat, jak se rámcové vzdělávací programy (RVP) pro základní vzdělávání (zejména nově akcentované okruhy) promítají do části o přírodopisu ve školních vzdělávacích programech pražských základních škol.
Metody: kódování přírodopisné části školních vzdělávacích programů základních škol s druhým stupněm na území hl. m. Prahy z hlediska propojení s jinými vzdělávacími obory; metod a forem výuky; rozvoje klíčových kompetencí; učiva. Dále statistické zpracování, četnosti, analýza hlavních komponent.
Výsledky: Převládá oddělení přírodopisu od ostatních předmětů, mezioborové vztahy jsou typicky pouze s dalšími přírodovědnými předměty. Členění učiva obvykle kopíruje většinový přístup učebnic a RVP. Klíčové kompetence spolu s průřezovými tématy se zdají být začleněny formálně. Formulace o klíčových kompetencích se často opakují, mnohdy (téměř) kopírují RVP. Metody a formy výuky jsou pestré, učivo je často detailní. Školy se typicky zaměřily na jednu kategorii, které se věnovaly více. Zjistili jsme sedm hlavních komponent zaměření: 1. metody a formy výuky, 2. metody a formy výuky s klíčovými kompetencemi, 3. mezipředmětové vztahy, 4. průřezová témata, 5. učivo, 6. propojení s výchovou ke zdraví, 7. školní vzdělávací program ve velké míře přejatý z RVP bez výrazných charakteristik. Nebyla nalezena souvislost s (ne)zveřejněním školního vzdělávacího programu a jeho obsahem.
Závěr: Revize RVP by měla být doprovozena širokou diskusí a metodickou podporou, aby byly myšlenky z RVP přijaty a ne pouze přepsány.