bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What kind of leader am I? An exploration of professionals' leader identity construal
Authors: Rehbock Stephanie K. , Hubner Sylvia V. , Knipfer Kristin , Peus Claudia V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough the leadership literature has emphasized the importance of leader identity for leader behaviors and leader effectiveness, little is known about whether and how professionals, who are experts in their field and hold a formal leader role, construe a leader identity. To expand our understanding of leader identity construal, we explored how professors in German research universities interpreted their formal leader role and whether and how they saw themselves as leaders. Based on findings from an inductive interview study, we contribute to the literature in three ways: First, our findings imply that patterns of professional identity and leader identity dimensions likely predict when a leader role is rejected, accommodated, incorporated, or emphasized. Second, we explain why professionals with a formal leader role see themselves primarily as specialists, mentors, managers, or shapers. Third, we extend previous notions of the leader identity concept by elaborating on its dimensions. Our findings have practical implications on an individual and organizational level, and may help design more effective leadership development programs.
Performance, investment, and financing patterns of family firms after going public
Authors: Croci Ettore , Rigamonti Silvia , Signori Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study investigates the performance, investment, and financing patterns of family firms after they go public.Research Findings/InsightsDespite the common claim that most initial public offerings (IPOs) are motivated by growth considerations, we find that the operating performance of family firms declines after going public relative to non‐family issuers and comparable private firms. This effect is long‐lasting and not due to earnings management before the IPO. We also document that family firms do not differ from other firms in terms of investment activities, but they experience a smaller decrease in leverage.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe contributions of this study are threefold. First, it delves into the incentives of controlling families when facing the IPO decision. Second, while financial investors' ability to effectively time IPO decisions has been previously documented, this study shows that families, despite peculiar incentives, take their firms public before a performance decline. Third, it examines the behavior of family firms concerning the usage of IPO proceeds.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsFamilies accept diluting their stake in an IPO when they know that firm performance is about to deteriorate. This increases the relative attractiveness of the non‐pecuniary benefits of control, most of which remain with the family, over financial wealth, whose future value is expected to decrease.
Why are anti‐smoking health‐information interventions less effective among low‐socioeconomic status groups? A systematic scoping review
Authors: van Meurs Tim , Çoban Feray R. , de Koster Willem , van der Waal Jeroen , Oude Groeniger Joost 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIssuesThis paper identifies and synthesises explanations proposed in the literature for the (in)effectiveness of institutional anti‐smoking health‐information interventions (HII) among low‐socioeconomic status (SES) adults in high‐income countries.ApproachWe searched eight databases for relevant papers from various disciplines: Studies published in English since 2009, on the effectiveness among low‐SES adults of anti‐smoking HIIs, aimed at changing knowledge/behaviour, and conducted by official institutions, were included. Through a scoping review, we synthesised: study design, SES indicator, intervention type, intervention source, study population, outcomes, low‐SES effects, equity effects, proposed explanations and whether these were studied empirically.Key FindingsThirty‐eight studies were included in this scoping review. Seventeen suggested explanations for the (in)effectiveness of the HIIs in low‐SES adults, but only nine assessed them empirically. Thematic analysis yielded six themes: message engagement, material conditions, cognition, risk perception, social environment and self‐efficacy.ImplicationsExplanations for intervention results are not always present, and empirical evidence for explanations is often not provided. Including such explanations and testing their empirical merits in future research can provide the crucial information needed for developing more effective anti‐smoking HIIs for low‐SES adults.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first review to explore the explanations proposed for why anti‐smoking HIIs are (in)effective among low‐SES adults. It contains insights for future studies aiming to provide empirical evidence on the causes of this (in)effectiveness, and concludes that such research is yet largely missing, but crucial to the quest for more effective and equitable anti‐smoking interventions.
The “Righteous Vaccinated” and the “Unrighteous Unvaccinated”? How Śāntideva's Bodhicaryāvatāra and the Gospel of John might help us understand the ongoing pandemic
Authors: Mileski Greg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic turns two how should those who feel like we have been responsible neighbors (kept our distance, worn our masks, availed ourselves to the vaccine) respond to those we feel have not been—and specifically toward those who have refused the vaccine as a sign of political loyalty? How might those of us tempted to react from anger cultivate an alternative response? This paper explores the texts of two religions traditions—Mahāyāna Buddhism's Bodhicaryāvatāra and Christianity's Gospel of John—searching for resources for a response other than anger and blame.
Global urban development frameworks landing in Latin America: Insights from Ecuador and Bolivia
Authors: Blanc Francesca , Cotella Giancarlo 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMotivationThe global urban development frameworks defined by the United Nations are circulating worldwide and a race towards their domestic adoption has arisen since the approval of the New Urban Agenda and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Their institutionalization at the domestic level is favoured by the rather aseptic “urban paradigm shift” that these documents present. However, the process according to which this happens is subject to path‐dependent logics and varies from one context to another.PurposeStemming from the policy mobilities literature, the article explores the role that “pasteurized” urban narratives play in the domestic institutionalization of the global urban development frameworks. At the same time, it analyses how domestic institutional configurations have influenced their differential implementation in two Latin American countries.Methods and approachThe article details the cases of the Ecuadorian National Urban Agenda and the Bolivian National Urban Policy, employing a mixed methodology that includes participant observation, consultancy activities, desk‐research, and semi‐structured interviews.FindingsThe analysis findings show that, on the one hand, the “comfortable landscape” offered by the “pasteurized concepts” that comprise the global urban development frameworks served as a “coalition magnet” favouring the building of consensus among stakeholders with rather different positions. On the other hand, however, this may result in a “fast‐track institutionalization” that prevents the concrete engagement of local governments in the process, in turn undermining the relevance of the results achieved.Policy implicationsWhereas further comparative research on the institutionalization of global urban development frameworks in Latin America and beyond is certainly needed, to further understand the hidden pitfalls of their domestic adoption, the evidence presented may contribute to inform the action of policy‐makers and practitioners dealing with their implementation at all levels.
Genetic diversity of phytoplasmas associated with several bamboo species in India
Authors: Ravi Manish , Rao Govind Pratap , Meshram Naresh M. , Sundararaj Ramachandran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSymptoms of phytoplasma diseases, including witches' brooms, shoot proliferation, little leaf, yellowing and decline were observed in eleven species of bamboos in eight states of India. Symptomatic bamboo samples were indexed for phytoplasma presence using universal phytoplasma‐specific 16S rRNA gene primer pairs. Sequence comparison analysis and virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA sequences indicated that the symptomatic bamboo samples of Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus strictus and Pseudoxytenanthera stocksii from Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and New Delhi and Bambusa bambos, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa pallida,Bambusa tulda,Dendrocalamus hamiltonia and D. strictus from Karnataka were infected with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’‐related strains (16SrII‐C or 16SrII‐D); Bambusa vulgaris,D. asper and P. stocksii from Karnataka were positive for ‘Ca. P. asteris’ strains (16SrI‐B), and one phytoplasma in B. nutans from Sikkim was identified as ‘Ca. P. cynodontis’ strain (16SrXIV‐A). Weeds and leafhoppers from the vicinity of bamboo plantations were also tested, and 16SrII group of phytoplasmas was identified in eight symptomatic weed species (Ageratum conyzoides,Cannabis sativa,Cleome viscosa,Datura stramonium, Parthenium hysterophorus,Ocimum canum, Phyllanthus niruri and Tephrosia purpurea) from five different states and one leafhopper species (Mukaria spledida) from three states. These results suggest that wide genetic diversity of phytoplasma exists in various bamboo species in different states of India. The report of 16SrI‐B, 16SrII‐D and 16SrXIV‐A subgroups of phytoplasmas infecting eight bamboo species except D. strictus are the first records in the world.
Severe childhood trauma and emotion recognition in males and females with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Penney Danielle , Pruessner Marita , Malla Ashok K. , Joober Ridha , Lepage Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimChildhood trauma increases social functioning deficits in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) and is negatively associated with higher‐order social cognitive processes such as emotion recognition (ER). We investigated the relationship between childhood trauma severity and ER capacity, and explored sex as a potential factor given sex differences in childhood trauma exposure.MethodsEighty‐three FEP participants (52 males, 31 females) and 69 nonclinical controls (49 males, 20 females) completed the CogState Research Battery. FEP participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. A sex × group (FEP, controls) ANOVA examined ER differences and was followed by two‐way ANCOVAs investigating sex and childhood trauma severity (none, low, moderate, and severe) on ER and global cognition in FEP.ResultsFEP participants had significantly lower ER scores than controls (p = .035). No significant sex × group interaction emerged for ER F(3, 147) = .496, p = .438 [95% CI = −1.20–0.57], partial η2 = .003. When controlling for age at psychosis onset, a significant interaction emerged in FEP between sex and childhood trauma severity F(3, 71) = 3.173, p = .029, partial η2 = .118. Males (n = 9) with severe trauma showed ER deficits compared to females (n = 8) (p = .011 [95% CI = −2.90 to −0.39]). No significant interaction was observed for global cognition F(3, 69) = 2.410, p = .074, partial η2 = .095.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings provide support for longitudinal investigations examining whether trauma severity differentially impacts ER in males and females with FEP.
Low‐cycle fatigue behavior of gradient structured austenitic stainless steels under high strain amplitude
Authors: Ho Hsin Shen , Lv Cheng , Zhou Wenlong , Zhang Erliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present work focuses on the investigation of low‐cycle fatigue performance of gradient structured (GSed) 316 austenitic steels under high strain amplitude loading conditions. The results show that GSed steels exhibit inherently lower fatigue life than their coarse‐grained counterparts. The analyses using energy‐based criterion reveals that the fatigue life decrement for GSed steels is attributed to the reduced capability of damage accumulation and the lack of ability to effective damage diffusion. The former is due to the worsened plastic deformation potential and the latter to the degraded surface plastic deformation uniformity.
Separating the chemical and microbial factors of oat harvested at two growth stages to determine the main factor on silage fermentation
Authors: Yin Xuejing , Zhao Jie , Wang Siran , Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Shao Tao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
This work evaluated the effects of epiphytic microbiota and chemical components on fermentation quality and microbial community of ensiled oat.

Methods and Results
Oat harvested at the heading stage (HS) and the milk stage (MS) was sterilized by gamma-ray irradiation and inoculated as the following: (1) HS epiphytic microbiota + sterilized HS (H-H); (2) MS epiphytic microbiota + sterilized HS (M-H); (3) MS epiphytic microbiota + sterilized MS (M-M); and (4) HS epiphytic microbiota + sterilized MS (H-M). After 60-day fermentation, silages inoculated with the epiphytic microbiota of HS had higher acetic acid content than those inoculated with MS. Silage made from sterilized MS had lower pH, ammonia nitrogen and butyric acid contents and higher dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates and lactic acid contents than that made from sterilized HS. The microbial communities of oat silages were similar, and they were mainly Lactobacillus.

Conclusions
The chemical component rather than the epiphytic microbiota at harvest exerted more effects on oat silages.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This work reveals the different effects of chemical and microbial factors on the fermentation of silage, which is instructive for us to produce quality silage.
Molecular characterization and its binding properties of general odorant binding protein 2 in Dioryctria abietella
Authors: Xing Ya , Niu Fang , Wang Xiao‐Mei , Chen Huan‐Wen , Chi De‐Fu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDioryctria abietella is a major pest of conifer cones that can initiate specific behaviours (locating hosts, finding mates and selecting oviposition sites) through sensitive olfactory systems. General odorant‐binding proteins are involved in the first step in odorant perception in insects, but their specific functional roles in D. abietella chemoreception have not been fully elucidated. In this study, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examinations showed that DabiGOBP2 is predominantly expressed in the antennae of female adults. Western blot experiments further confirmed that these proteins show biased expression in the tissues. Binding property analysis demonstrated that DabiGOBP2 exhibited ligand specificity to terpenes, especially myrcene (Ki = 8.19 ± 0.05). Electroantennogram (EAG) and Y‐tube assays showed that three plant volatiles elicited high EAG responses, but only dodecanal showed a strong attraction to females. However, myrcene and isobutyl benzoate were significantly repellent to males at high doses in the behaviour test. In conclusion, exploring the functions of DabiGOBP2 can help in better understanding the mechanism of the olfactory system of D. abietella and developing novel strategies to control this pest.
Use of thromboprophylaxis guidelines and risk stratification tools in atrial fibrillation: A survey of general practitioners in Australia
Authors: Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Salter Sandra M. , Chalmers Leanne , Radford Jan , Lee Kenneth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRationale and ObjectivesClinical guidelines produced by cardiology societies (henceforth referred to simply as ‘clinical guidelines’) recommend thromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulants (OACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have moderate‐to‐high stroke risk. However, deviations from these recommendations are observed, especially in the primary healthcare setting. The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the self‐reported use of AF clinical guidelines and risk stratification tools among Australian general practitioners (GPs), and their perceptions regarding the available resources.MethodWe conducted an online survey of Australian GPs. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the findings.ResultsResponses from 115 GPs were included for analysis. Respondents reported various ways of accessing thromboprophylaxis‐related information (n = 113), including clinical guidelines (13.3%), ‘Therapeutic Guidelines©’ (37.2%) and Royal Australian College of General Practitioners websites (16.8%). Of those who reported reasons against accessing information from clinical guidelines (n = 97), the most frequent issues were: too many AF guidelines to choose from (34.0%; 33/97), different guidelines for different diseases (32.0%; 31/97), time‐consuming to read guidelines (21.6%; 21/97), disagreements between different guideline recommendations (20.0%; 19/97), conflict with criteria for government subsidy (17.5%; 17/97) and GPs' busy schedules (15.5%; 15/97). When assessing patients' risk of stroke (n = 112) and bleeding (n = 111), the majority of the respondents reported primarily relying on a formal stroke risk (67.0%) and bleeding risk (55.0%) assessment tools, respectively. Respondents reported using formal stroke and bleeding risk assessment tools mainly when newly initiating patients on therapy (72.4%; 76/105 and 65.3%; 65/101, respectively).ConclusionAmong our small sample of Australian GPs, most did not access thromboprophylaxis‐related information directly from AF‐specific clinical guidelines developed by cardiology societies. Although the majority reported using formal stroke and bleeding assessment tools, these were typically used on OAC initiation only. More focus is needed on formal risk reassessment as clinically indicated and at regular review.
Effect of secondary attack by Aeromonas hydrophila on the expression level of hif genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Jiang Zhou , Jia Yingying , Zhang Jiangfan , Li Xuejun , Dong Chuanju 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factors (hifs) are involved in infectious diseases inflammatory reactions, and immune regulation. Common carp, a representative allotetraploid species that has undergone genome‐wide replication events, has important research value. In this study, common carp were infected twice with Aeromonas hydrophila. Liver tissues of common carp were collected at 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 3 days, 7 days post‐first infection and 4 h, 12 h, 24 h post‐second infection. The mRNA levels of hif genes were determined at different time points. The hif2a‐2, hif3a‐2, hif3b‐1 and hif3b‐2 expression levels in the infected group were upregulated when compared with those in the control group, whereas the expression levels of other genes were downregulated after the second infection. This indicates that the effect of A. hydrophila infection on gene expression pattern is dependent on the host, pathogen, infected tissue and gene. Pressure analysis of the hif gene family revealed that the non‐synonymous substitution to synonymous substitution ratio of 12 hif genes was <1, which indicated that they were in a state of purification and selection. Combined with the differences between copy genes, the polyclonal antibodies against Hif1b‐1 and Hif1b‐2 were successfully prepared in this study. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of Hif1b‐1 and Hif1b‐2 reached to the highest level 48 h after the first infection. After the second A. hydrophila infection, the protein expression levels of Hif1b‐1 and Hif1b‐2 reached the highest levels at 4 and 48 h, respectively. This may indicate that the Hif1b‐1 and Hif1b‐2 genes in common carp play an important role in the immune mechanism at the protein level. The findings of this study will lay the foundation for future studies on the immune regulatory function of common carp hif genes, which may aid in devising novel therapeutic strategies for common carp diseases, such as A. hydrophila infection.
Human intestinal spirochetosis, irritable bowel syndrome, and colonic polyps: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Kening , Eslick Guy D , Nair Prema M , Burns Grace L , Walker Marjorie M , Hoedt Emily C , Keely Simon , Talley Nicholas J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman colonic spirochetosis (CS) is usually due toBrachyspira pilosicolior Brachyspira aalborgiinfection. While traditionally considered to be commensal bacteria, there are scattered case reports and case series of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in CS and reports of colonic polyps with adherent spirochetes. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the association between CS and GI symptoms and conditions including the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and colonic polyps. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed using specific keywords for CS and GI disease. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Of 75 studies identified in the search, 8 case–control studies met the inclusion criteria for meta‐analysis and 67 case series studies met the inclusion criteria for pooled prevalence analysis. CS was significantly associated with diarrhea (n = 141/127, cases/controls, OR: 4.19, 95% CI: 1.72–10.21, P = 0.002) and abdominal pain (n = 64/65, OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.43–9.35, P = 0.007). CS cases were significantly more likely to have Rome III‐diagnosed IBS (n = 79/48, OR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.44–10.20, P = 0.007), but not colonic polyps (n = 127/843, OR: 8.78, 95% CI: 0.75–103.36, P = 0.084). In conclusion, we found evidence of associations between CS and both diarrhea and IBS, but not colonic polyps. CS is likely underestimated due to suboptimal diagnostic methods and may be an overlooked risk factor for a subset of IBS patients with diarrhea.
Allometric model of brain morphology of Hemiculter leucisculus and its variation along climatic gradients
Authors: Liu Mengyu , Jia Jia , Wang He , Wang Lihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrior studies on Hemiculter leucisculus, which is a widespread native fish in China, mainly focused on its growth, feeding habits, and individual fecundity, but few have investigated the brain. In this research, we explored the developmental patterns of the Hemiculter leucisculus brain and found the brain showed allometry through sample time points and three age groups. At the same time, we found that the brain varied along climatic gradients. The volumes of the olfactory bulbs, telencephalic lobes, optic tectum, corpus cerebelli, and total brain in the south were larger than those in the north, while the volume of the hypothalamus in the north was larger than in the south. This study provides a view for the in‐depth study of the acclimatized mechanism of the teleost brain, lays a foundation for the further study of evolutionary ecology, and provides a reference for the phenotypic plasticity of the teleost brain.