bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sine Spin flat detector CT imaging compared with multidetector CT
Authors: Petroulia Valentina D , Kaesmacher Johannes , Piechowiak Eike I , Dobrocky Tomas , Pilgram-Pastor Sara M , Gralla Jan , Wagner Franca , Mordasini Pasquale 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundFlat detector computed tomography (FDCT) is widely used for periprocedural imaging in the angiography suite. Sine Spin FDCT (SFDCT) is the latest generation of cone beam CT using a double oblique trajectory for image acquisition to reduce artefacts and improve soft tissue brain imaging. This study compared the effective dose, image quality and diagnostic performance of the latest generation of SFDCT with multidetector CT (MDCT).MethodsAn anthropomorphic phantom equipped with MOSFET detectors was used to measure the effective dose of the new 7sDCT Sine Spin protocol on a latest generation biplane angiographic C-arm system. Diagnostic performance was evaluated on periprocedurally acquired SFDCT for depiction of anatomical details, detection of hemorrhage, and ischemia and was compared with preprocedurally acquired MDCT. Inter- and intra-rater correlation as well as sensitivity and specificity were calculated.ResultsBoth modalities showed equal diagnostic performance in the supratentorial ventricular system. SFDCT provided inferior image quality in grey-white matter differentiation and infratentorial structures. Intraventricular, subarachnoid and parenchymal hemorrhages were diagnosed with a sensitivity of 83.3%, 84.2% and 75% and a specificity of 97.3%, 80.0% and 100%, respectively; early ischemic lesions with a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity 94.7%. The effective dose measured for the 7sDCT Sine Spin protocol was 2 mSv.ConclusionsOur findings confirm the high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of SFDCT in detecting intracranial hemorrhage and early ischemic lesions. The delineation of grey-white matter differentiation and infratentorial structures remains a limiting factor. In comparison to previous studies, the new 7sDCT Sine Spin protocol showed a lower effective dose.
Predictive value of ACEF II score for adverse prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wu Siyi , Qiu Zhiqing , Lu Yaqiong , Wu Xiaoguang , Gao Ting , Xu Jie , Li Shuangshuang , Zhou Xiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the predictive value of age, creatinine and ejection fraction (ACEF) II score for the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
A total of 445 patients with CHD who underwent PCI were consecutively enrolled. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the power of the ACEF II score in predicting MACCE. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were chosen for survival analysis of adverse prognosis between groups. Finally, multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis was used to investigate independent risk factors for MACCEs in patients with CHD after PCI.

Results
There was a significantly higher incidence of MACCEs in patients with high ACEF II scores. The area under the ROC curve of ACEF II score was 0.718, suggesting it had ideal predictive value for MACCE risks. The ACEF II score had a best cut-off value of 1.461 (sensitivity 79.4%, specificity 53.7%). Survival analysis indicated that patients in the high-score group had a significantly lower cumulative MACCE-free survival rate. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ACEF II scores ≥1.461, Gensini scores ≥61.5, age, cardiac troponin I and previous PCI were independent risk factors of MACCE in patients with CHD after PCI, while the utilisation of statins was an independent protective factor.

Conclusions
The ACEF II score has an ideal capacity for risk stratification in patients with CHD undergoing PCI and offers good predictive value for MACCE in the long term.
Telescope array bursts, radio pulses and axion quark nuggets
Authors: Liang Xunyu , Zhitnitsky Ariel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTelescope array (TA) experiment has recorded Abbasi et al. (Phys Lett A 381(32):2565–2572, 10.1016/j.physleta.2017.06.022, 2017), Okuda (J Phys Conf Ser 1181:012067, 10.1088/1742-6596/1181/1/012067, 2019) several short time bursts of air shower like events. These bursts are very distinct from conventional single showers, and are found to be strongly correlated with lightnings. In our previous work Zhitnitsky (J Phys G 48(6):065201, 10.1088/1361-6471/abd457, arXiv:2008.04325 [hep-ph], 2021) we proposed that these bursts represent the direct manifestation of the dark matter (DM) annihilation events within the so-called axion quark nugget (AQN) model. In the present work we suggest to test this proposal to search for the radio signals in frequency band $$\nu \in $$

ν
∈

(0.5–200) MHz which must be synchronized with the TA bursts. We argued that the conventional lightning-induced radio emission can be easily discriminated from the AQN-induced radio pulses discussed in this work.
Brexit and bots: characterizing the behaviour of automated accounts on Twitter during the UK election
Authors: Bruno Matteo , Lambiotte Renaud , Saracco Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOnline Social Networks (OSNs) offer new means for political communications that have quickly begun to play crucial roles in political campaigns, due to their pervasiveness and communication speed. However, the OSN environment is quite slippery and hides potential risks: many studies presented evidence about the presence of d/misinformation campaigns and malicious activities by genuine or automated users, putting at severe risk the efficiency of online and offline political campaigns. This phenomenon is particularly evident during crucial political events, as political elections. In the present paper, we provide a comprehensive description of the networks of interactions among users and bots during the UK elections of 2019. In particular, we focus on the polarised discussion about Brexit on Twitter, analysing a data set made of more than 10 millions tweets posted for over a month. We found that the presence of automated accounts infected the debate particularly in the days before the UK national elections, in which we find a steep increase of bots in the discussion; in the days after the election day, their incidence returned to values similar to the ones observed few weeks before the elections. On the other hand, we found that the number of suspended users (i.e. accounts that were removed by the platform for some violation of the Twitter policy) remained constant until the election day, after which it reached significantly higher values. Remarkably, after the TV debate between Boris Johnson and Jeremy Corbyn, we observed the injection of a large number of novel bots whose behaviour is markedly different from that of pre-existing ones. Finally, we explored the bots’ political orientation, finding that their activity is spread across the whole political spectrum, although in different proportions, and we studied the different usage of hashtags and URLs by automated accounts and suspended users, targeting the formation of common narratives in different sides of the debate.
Systematic Review of Literature Documenting the Link between BMI, Sperm Parameters, and Leptin
Authors: Almabhouh Fayez A. , Singh Harbindar Jeet 
Published: March 2022

Background: Leptin administration to rats causes adverse effects on sperm that resemble those reported in obese males. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to examine whether human and animal studies have taken this information on board and have attempted to link the poor sperm quality in obese or overweight individuals to leptin in their methodology, data analysis, and discussion. The review also documents the link between low sperm quality in the obese and leptin. Method: A search was made for articles reporting body mass index (BMI), sperm parameters, and leptin, published until September 2020 in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Springer Link using a number of search terms. Results: Forty-four of the 53 human and animal studies on BMI and sperm parameters reported abnormal sperm parameters in the obese but only 9 of those had measured serum leptin. None, however, attempted to link sperm abnormalities to leptin. Nine animal studies report of adverse effects of leptin on sperm in normal weight rats that were found to be similar to those reported in obese males. Conclusion: Although none of the human studies had actually linked the raised leptin to sperm abnormalities in the obese, there is nevertheless, convincing evidence linking leptin to obesity-related poor sperm quality and male infertility. There is a need, therefore, to include measures that will help reduce the impact of raised leptin levels on male reproductive function, particularly, in obese infertile or subfertile males.
Effects of Phototherapy on the Serum Magnesium Level in Neonates with Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Eghbalian Fatemeh , Shabani Somayeh , Faradmal Javad , Jenabi Ensiyeh 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. Neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia is one of the common findings in neonatal medicine. Severe disease can cause neurological damage and even Kernicterus. Magnesium ion is the most important N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. The most commonly used treatment for jaundice is phototherapy, but the effect of phototherapy on serum magnesium is less investigated. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of phototherapy on total serum magnesium levels in icteric neonates. Methods. This prospective cohort study was carried out on 160 neonates with jaundice referring to the Besat Hospital of Hamadan. Based on the bilirubin level, newborns were divided into three subgroups of mild, moderate, and severe disease which were subjected to single, double, and intensive phototherapy, respectively. Serum bilirubin and magnesium levels were measured before and after phototherapy and compared using parametric tests. Results. Subjects have a mean intrauterine age of 38.8 weeks and a jaundice onset age of 3.8 days. In all groups, serum magnesium levels were within the normal range before phototherapy. After phototherapy, on the other hand, the most reduction of total serum magnesium was in the double phototherapy group, which was

−
0.13
±
0.42

mg
/
dl

(

P
=
0.018

). The change in serum magnesium level was not significant in the single phototherapy (

−
0.02
±
0.25

) and intensive phototherapy (

−
13.55
±
2.73

) groups (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. In the present study, serum magnesium did not increase significantly before the treatment in three groups. After treatment, a significant reduction was seen in the double phototherapy group.
Antibacterial Effect of Noni Juice In Vitro and Applied to Fresh-Cut Papaya to Control Escherichia coli O157 : H7
Authors: Meza-Gutiérrez Nimcy Noemí , Ulloa José Armando , Rosas-Ulloa Petra , Balois-Morales Rosendo , López-Guzmán Graciela Guadalupe , Berumen-Varela Guillermo , Escalera-Lara Ana Alicia , Casas-Junco Paloma Patricia , Bautista-Rosales Pedro Ulises 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) juice (NJ) in vitro and applied it to fresh-cut papaya to control Escherichia coli O157 : H7. Furthermore, the NJ effect on the physicochemical characteristics of fresh-cut papaya was evaluated. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a microplate reader by the microdilution method using TSB using an initial concentration of 1 × 107 cells of E. coli/mL. Cubes of fresh-cut papaya fruit were immersed in an E. coli suspension (1 × 105 cells/mL) and after that in NJ three times (0, 2.5, and 5 min) and then stored at 4 ± 1°C for 18 days. The presence of E. coli and total coliforms, as well as pH, TSS, and titratable acidity, were evaluated every three days. The results of in vitro assays showed that NJ at 20% inhibited the microbial growth of E. coli, finding a maximum growth rate (μmax) of −0.0066 h−1. Immersion in NJ for 5 min presented a reduction of E. coli of 3.72 ± 1.43 log10 CFU/

g

of fresh-cut papaya fruit treated with this bacteria on day 9 of storage regarding control. Likewise, fresh-cut papaya fruit immersed in NJ for 5 min maintained the total coliforms between 1 and -1 log10 coliforms CFU/g for 18 days. However, the immersion treatment in NJ modified some physicochemical parameters of the fresh-cut papaya fruit, such as acidity and pH (

P

< 0.05). The application of NJ to fresh-cut papaya fruit showed in vitro and in vivo inhibition of E. coli and total coliforms, evidencing it as a possible bacterial control agent in the precut fruit industry for up to 18 days.
Loss of H3K27 Trimethylation Promotes Radiotherapy Resistance in Medulloblastoma and Induces an Actionable Vulnerability to BET Inhibition
Authors: Gabriel Nishanth , Balaji Kumaresh , Jayachandran Kay , Inkman Matthew , Zhang Jin , Dahiya Sonika , Goldstein Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Medulloblastoma has been categorized into four subgroups based on genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional profiling. Radiation is used for treating medulloblastoma regardless of the subgroup. A better understanding of the molecular pathways determining radiotherapy response could help improve medulloblastoma treatment. Here, we investigated the role of the EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit)-dependent histone H3K27 trimethylation in radiotherapy response in medulloblastoma. The tumors in 47.2% of patients with group 3 and 4 medulloblastoma displayed H3K27me3 deficiency. Loss of H3K27me3 was associated with a radioresistant phenotype, high relapse rates, and poor overall survival. In H3K27me3-deficient medulloblastoma cells, an epigenetic switch from H3K27me3 to H3K27ac occurred at specific genomic loci, altering the transcriptional profile. The resulting upregulation of EPHA2 stimulated excessive activation of the prosurvival AKT signaling pathway, leading to radiotherapy resistance. Bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) inhibition overcame radiation resistance in H3K27me3-deficient medulloblastoma cells by suppressing H3K27ac levels, blunting EPHA2 overexpression, and mitigating excessive AKT signaling. In addition, BET inhibition sensitized medulloblastoma cells to radiation by enhancing the apoptotic response through suppression of Bcl-xL and upregulation of Bim. This work demonstrates a novel mechanism of radiation resistance in medulloblastoma and identifies an epigenetic marker predictive of radiotherapy response. On the basis of these findings, we propose an epigenetically guided treatment approach targeting radiotherapy resistance in patients with medulloblastoma.

Significance:
This study demonstrates a novel epigenetic mechanism of radiation resistance in medulloblastoma and identifies a therapeutic approach to improve outcomes in these patients.
Establishing 24-Hour Urinary Sucrose Plus Fructose as a Predictive Biomarker for Total Sugars Intake
Authors: Freedman Laurence S. , Kipnis Victor , Midthune Douglas , Commins John , Barrett Brian , Sagi-Kiss Virag , Palma-Duran Susana A. , Johnston Carol S. , O’Brien Diane M. , Tasevska Natasha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Twenty-four–hour urinary sucrose and fructose (24uSF) has been studied as a biomarker of total sugars intake in two feeding studies conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) and Arizona (AZ). We compare the biomarker performance in these populations, testing whether it meets the criteria for a predictive biomarker.

Methods:
The UK and AZ feeding studies included 13 and 98 participants, respectively, aged 18 to 70 years, consuming their usual diet under controlled conditions. Linear mixed models relating 24uSF to total sugars and personal characteristics were developed in each study and compared. The AZ calibrated biomarker equation was applied to generate biomarker-estimated total sugars intake in UK participants. Stability of the model across AZ study subpopulations was also examined.

Results:
Model coefficients were similar between the two studies [e.g., log(total sugars): UK 0.99, AZ 1.03, P = 0.67], as was the ratio of calibrated biomarker person-specific bias to between-person variance (UK 0.32, AZ 0.25, P = 0.68). The AZ equation estimated UK log(total sugar intakes) with mean squared prediction error of 0.27, similar to the AZ study estimate (0.28). Within the AZ study, the regression coefficients of log(total sugars) were similar across age, gender, and body mass index subpopulations.

Conclusions:
Similar model coefficients in the two studies and good prediction of UK sugar intakes by the AZ equation suggest that 24uSF meets the criteria for a predictive biomarker. Testing the biomarker performance in other populations is advisable.

Impact:
Applications of the 24uSF biomarker will enable improved assessment of the role of sugars intake in risk of chronic disease, including cancer.
See related commentary by Prentice, p. 1151
A Contemporary Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Diagnosis of Early-Stage Breast Cancer and Stage-Specific Survival by Molecular Subtype
Authors: Primm Kristin M. , Zhao Hui , Hernandez Daphne C. , Chang Shine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Prior studies of breast cancer disparities have focused primarily on differences between Black and White women, yet contemporary patterns of disparity for other groups are not well understood. We examine breast cancer disparities by stage at diagnosis across nine racial and ethnic groups.

Methods:
The SEER 18 registries identified 841,975 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2000 to 2017. Joinpoint models assessed trends in diagnosis stage and survival. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between race/ethnicity and diagnosis stage. Multivariable Cox models compared survival of groups by stage and molecular subtype.

Results:
Black, American Indian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, Pacific Islander, and Hispanic women were less likely than white women to be diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Among those diagnosed at early stage, Hispanic, American Indian, Pacific Islander and Black women were 9%, 14%, 22%, and 39% (respectively) more likely than White women to die from breast cancer, whereas Asian subgroups had lower risk of death. Among those diagnosed at late stage, Black women were 18% more likely than White counterparts to die from breast cancer, and survival disparities for Black women persisted across all subtypes and stages, (except late stage HR−/HER2−). East Asian women with early stage HR+/HER2− tumors had better survival than White women.

Conclusions:
Persistent disparities in early detection and survival of breast cancer demand further work to address and reduce disparities across the cancer continuum.

Impact:
Results have implications for efforts to reduce entrenched racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer early detection and survival.
A Digital Storytelling Intervention for Vietnamese American Mothers to Promote Their Children's HPV Vaccination
Authors: Chen Angela Chia-Chen , Kim Wonsun Sunny , Todd Michael , Larkey Linda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Despite higher rates of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancer in Vietnamese Americans (VA), their vaccination rate remains low. Culturally grounded narratives incorporating culture-specific beliefs and practices may be a promising approach to promote HPV vaccination and potentially mitigate HPV-associated cancer disparities experienced by VAs. We codeveloped personal, audiovisual digital stories about HPV vaccination with VA mothers of vaccinated children, and examined the effects of the digital storytelling (DST) intervention on vaccination intention among VA mothers of unvaccinated children ages 11–14. The stories (3 minutes each) were produced in both English and Vietnamese through a 2-day workshop in collaboration with two VA first-generation immigrant mothers. A community sample of 114 VA mothers of unvaccinated children viewed the stories and filled out an anonymous survey before and after the intervention. Of these mothers (mean age = 41.5 years; SD = 5.4), 35.2% were immigrants, and about half (51%) reported having a child who received free or reduced-price lunch at school. After the intervention, changes in two items indicating mothers’ positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination were significant. Mothers’ intention to vaccinate their children increased from 53% to 74%; the difference was large (OR = 9.12; Cohen g = 0.40) and statistically significant, χ2(1, N = 114) = 17.63, P &lt; 0.001. Mothers’ scores on the narrative quality assessment scale were high, suggesting high levels of identification and engagement with the stories. This brief intervention using digital stories was feasible and showed preliminary effects on promoting VA mothers’ intention to vaccinate their children against HPV.

Prevention Relevance:
HPV vaccination has effectively prevented its related cancers. A culturally and linguistically congruent DST intervention targeting HPV vaccination can increase mothers’ intention to vaccinate their children.
See related Spotlight, p. 419
Somite size variation during copepodid development of podoplean copepods
Authors: Ferrari Frank D. , von Vaupel Klein J. Carel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reports of podoplean first copepodids with more or fewer than the ancestral two narrow somites are considered. On some poecilostomatoids, the fourth and fifth thoracic somites, and the anal somite appear narrow on the first copepodid. Further development of the body during the copepodid phase includes only transformations or additions of narrow somites. Some caligid siphonostomatoids also have the same three narrow somites on the first copepodid. Reanalysis of their copepodid development indicates not only transformations and additions of narrow somites but also the incorporation of broad somites into the cephalothorax, and a failure to form the middle and posterior limbless abdominal somites. Support for one narrow somite on the first copepodid is unconvincing.
The goneplacid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) of Raoul Serène and Kasim Moosa, including a new species and genus from Indonesia
Authors: Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A previously unreported collection of small goneplacid crabs from Indonesia and Australia belonging to Raoul Sèrene and Kasim Moosa is documented herein. Five taxa are reported, including a new species and genus, Kingelus kasimi gen. et sp. nov., from the Moluccas, Indonesia. The new genus differs markedly from allied genera like Carcinoplax, Pycnoplax and Menoplax by its distinctive carapace and gonopod morphology. The range of Pedroplax megalops (Takeda, 1989) is also extended to Indonesia and the Philippines, with Paragoneplax serenei (Zarenkov, 1972) being a new Australian record.
Phasmarhabditis thesamica n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug nematode from southern slope of Caucasus, Georgia
Authors: Gorgadze Oleg , Troccoli Alberto , Fanelli Elena , Tarasco Eustachio , De Luca Francesca 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Phasmarhabditis thesamica n. sp., belonging to the family Rhabditidae, was isolated from the bodies of the invasive slug, Deroceras reticulatum in Georgia. Nematodes of this genus have never been recorded previously in Georgia. Phasmarhabditis thesamica n. sp. was characterised at morphological, morphometrical and molecular level. Females are 2052 (1863-2241) μm long, lateral fields consisting of three protruding central ridges and four incisions. The vulval opening is in the middle of the body. The tail is conical, long, tapering to a filiform tip, with prominent rod-shaped phasmids. The reproductive system is didelphic-amphidelphic. Males are 1301 (1123-1456) μm long, with an open peloderal bursa, which is supported by nine pairs of genital papillae 1 + 1 + 1/2 + 1 + 3, and two phasmids located close to tail tip. The molecular phylogeny of P. thesamica n. sp. inferred by using ITS, D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene and the 18S rRNA gene revealed close relationships with P. clausiliiae, with high support.