bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends in the prevalence and incidence of depression and the interplay of comorbidities in patients with young- and usual-onset type 2 diabetes from the USA and the UK
Authors: Dibato John , Montvida Olga , Ling Joanna , Koye Digsu , Polonsky William H. , Paul Sanjoy K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We aimed to investigate the prevalence and incidence of depression, and the interplay of cardiometabolic comorbidities, in the differentiation of depression risk between young-onset diabetes (diagnosis at age <40 years) and usual-onset diabetes (diagnosis at age ≥40 years).

Methods
Using electronic medical records from the UK and USA, retrospective cohorts of adults with incident type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 were examined. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of depression, and risk of developing depression, in participants with young-onset type 2 diabetes compared with usual-onset type 2 diabetes were assessed separately by sex and comorbidity status.

Results
In total 230,932/1,143,122 people with type 2 diabetes from the UK/USA (mean age 58/60 years, proportion of men 57%/46%) were examined. The prevalence of depression in the UK/USA increased from 29% (95% CI 28, 30)/22% (95% CI 21, 23) in 2006 to 43% (95% CI 42, 44)/29% (95% CI 28, 29) in 2017, with the prevalence being similar across all age groups. A similar increasing trend was observed for incidence rates. In the UK, compared with people aged ≥50 years with or without comorbidity, 18–39-year-old men and women had 23–57% and 20–55% significantly higher risks of depression, respectively. In the USA, compared with those aged ≥60 years with or without comorbidity, 18–39-year-old men and women had 5–17% and 8–37% significantly higher risks of depression, respectively.

Conclusions/interpretation
Depression risk has been increasing in people with incident type 2 diabetes in the UK and USA, particularly among those with young-onset type 2 diabetes, irrespective of other comorbidities. This suggests that proactive mental health assessment from the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in primary care is essential for effective clinical management of people with type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Characteristics of Laparoscopic Surgery for Trauma Patients and Risks of Conversion to Open Laparotomy
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Cestero Ramon F. , Kameyama Noriaki , Sasaki Junichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe discussion is ongoing about appropriate indications for laparoscopic surgery in trauma patients. As timing and risks of conversion to laparotomy remain unclear, we aimed to elucidate characteristics of and risks for conversion following laparoscopic surgery, using a nationwide database.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted, using Japanese Trauma Data Bank (2004–2018). We included adult trauma patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery as an initial surgical intervention. Conversion to laparotomy was defined as laparotomy at the initial surgery. Patient demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, injured organs, timing of surgery, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without conversion. Risks for conversion were analyzed focusing on indications for laparoscopic surgery, after adjusting patient and institution characteristics.ResultsAmong 444 patients eligible for the study, 31 required conversions to laparotomy. The number of laparoscopic surgeries gradually increased over the study period (0.5–4.5% of trauma laparotomy), without changes in conversion rates (5–10%). Patients who underwent conversion had more severe abdominal injuries compared with those who did not (AIS 3 vs 2). While length of hospital stay and in‐hospital mortality were comparable, abdominal complications were higher among patients with conversion (12.9 vs. 2.9%), particularly when laparoscopy was performed for peritonitis (OR, 22.08 [5.11–95.39]). A generalized estimating equation model adjusted patient background and identified hemoperitoneum and peritoneal penetration as risks for conversion (OR, 24.07 [7.35–78.75] and 8.26 [1.20– 56.75], respectively).ConclusionsTrauma laparoscopy for hemoperitoneum and peritoneal penetration were associated with higher incidence of conversion to open laparotomy.
Small Bowel Obstruction in Patients without Prior Abdominal Surgery: To Operate or Not?
Authors: Blich Ori , Nesher Gilad , Tankel James , Boaz Elad , Dagan Amir , Reissman Petachia , Yellinek Shlomo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionSurgical exploration is still considered mandatory in the setting of small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients without prior intra‐abdominal surgery. However, recent studies have challenged this ‘classic’ approach describing success with conservative non‐surgical treatment. The aim of this study is to identify clinical, radiological and biochemical variables that may be associated with the absence of intra‐abdominal pathology in patients with SBO who have not undergone previous surgery.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of prospectively recorded data. Patients with SBO without prior abdominal surgery who presented to a single tertiary referral medical center between 2009 and 2019 were included.ResultsEighty‐seven patients were included of whom 61(70.0%) were allocated to the ‘therapeutic exploration’ group and 26 (30.0%) to the ‘non‐therapeutic exploration’ group. Forty‐eight patients (55.0%) had adhesions, 17.2% had closed‐loop obstruction, 10.0% had an internal hernia, 27.6% had bowel ischemia and 5.7% had bowel necrosis. Although multiple clinical, laboratory, radiological and preoperative factors were examined, none were significantly associated with pathological findings during surgical exploration. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications when comparing between those groups.ConclusionsIn this series, no variables were associated with intra‐abdominal pathology in patients who underwent surgery for SBO with no history of prior abdominal surgery. However, the fact that 27.0% had ischemic bowel upon surgical exploration suggests that this approach is still mandatory for this specific group of patients. Furthermore, clinicians and patients should be aware that negative exploration may be expected in up to 30.0%.
Foraging microhabitat preferences of invertivorous fishes within tropical macroalgal meadows: identification of canopy specialists
Authors: Chen Yi-Yang , Jennions Michael , Fox Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInvertivorous fishes are key middle-order consumers that connect energy flows across different trophic levels. However, the potential for distinct functional roles to exist within this trophic guild has not been satisfactorily explored to date, meaning that current assessments of ecosystem resilience are likely to over-estimate the level of functional redundancy within a given invertivorous fish assembly. Our study examined the foraging behaviour and microhabitat preferences of invertivorous fish communities within the productive canopy macroalgal meadows of Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia. Our aim was to identify foraging specialisations that could yield distinct functional roles for species belonging to the guild. We found that invertivorous fishes at this location were chiefly represented by species belonging to the Labridae, Lethrinidae and Mullidae families. Individual species demonstrated strong preferences for foraging within specific microhabitat types, suggesting that the guild can be grouped into three categories of foraging specialists: ‘canopy forager’, ‘generalist’ and ‘abiotic forager’. Our results highlight subtle niche partitioning of foraging microhabitats within the trophic guild of invertivorous fishes associated with tropical macroalgal meadows. Moreover, this partitioning is consistent across seasons, despite significant fluctuations in canopy structure and biomass. The resulting refinement of foraging specialisations allows us to identify the functional roles of invertivorous fishes and afford greater protection to individual species that might otherwise be considered functionally redundant. Our results will help to inform knowledge of the functional impact of particular species and their ecological specialisations and improve our understanding of trophic flows in marine food webs for appropriate management and conservation.
Development of castration resistance in prostate cancer patients treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa): results of the ANARESISTANCE study
Authors: Angulo J. C. , Ciria Santos J. P. , Gómez-Caamaño A. , Poza de Celis R. , González Sala J. L. , García Garzón J. M. , Galán-Llopis J. A. , Pérez Sampietro M. , Perrot V. , Planas Morin J. ,   on behalf of ANARESISTANCE study group, Abascal José Manuel , Barrond Víctor , Benedicto Antonio , Carballo Ana , Cortiñas José Ramón , Fernández Manuel , Ferrer Eduardo , Guzmán Pablo Luís , López Miguel Ángel , Martínez José Carlos , Olivier Carlos , Peleteiro Paula , Pérez Pedro Julio , Pesqueira Daniel , Ponce José , Ruibal Manuel , Segarra Josep , Solsona Eduardo , Suárez José Francisco , Rosa José , Tabernero Ángel , Vesga Félix , Zapatero Almudena 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluate the percentage of patients with prostate cancer treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) that develop castration resistance after a follow-up period of 3 years. The secondary objective is to evaluate the variables potentially related to the progression to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods
A post-authorization, nation-wide, multicenter, prospective, observational, and longitudinal study that included 416 patients treated with LHRHa between 2012 and 2017 is presented. Patients were followed for 3 years or until development of CRPC, thus completing a per-protocol population of 350 patients. A Cox regression analysis was carried out to evaluate factors involved in progression to CRPC.

Results
After 3 years of treatment with LHRHa 18.2% of patients developed CRPC. In contrast, in the subgroup analysis, 39.6% of the metastatic patients developed CRPC, compared with 8.8% of the non-metastatic patients. The patients with the highest risk of developing CRPC were those with a nadir prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 2 ng/ml (HR 21.6; 95% CI 11.7–39.8; p < 0.001) and those receiving concomitant medication, most commonly bicalutamide (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1–3.1, p = 0.0431).

Conclusions
The proportion of metastatic patients developing CRPC after 3 years of treatment with LHRHa is consistent with what has been previously described in the literature. In addition, this study provides new findings on CRPC in non-metastatic patients. Concomitant medication and nadir PSA are statistically significant predictive factors for the time to diagnosis of CRPC, the nadir PSA being the strongest predictor.
Opposite trends of sea-breeze speeds and gusts in Eastern Spain, 1961–2019
Authors: Bedoya-Valestt Shalenys , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Gimeno Luis , Guijarro Jose A. , Sanchez-Morcillo Victor J. , Aguilar Enric , Brunet Manola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost studies on wind variability have deepened into the stilling vs. reversal phenomena at global to regional scales, while the long-term changes in local-scale winds such as sea-breezes (SB) represent a gap of knowledge in climate research. The state-of-the-art of the wind variability studies suggests a hypothetical reinforcement of SB at coastal stations. We first developed a robust automated method for the identification of SB days. Then, by using homogenized wind observations from 16 stations across Eastern Spain, we identified 9,349 episodes for analyzing the multidecadal variability and trends in SB speeds, gusts and occurrence for 1961–2019. The major finding is the opposite trends and decoupled variability of SB speeds and gusts: the SB speeds declined significantly in all seasons (except for winter), and the SB gusts strengthened at the annual scale and in autumn–winter, being most significant in autumn. Our results also show that the SB occurrence has increased across most of Eastern Spain, although presenting contrasting seasonal trends: positive in winter and negative in summer. We found that more frequent anticyclonic conditions, NAOI + and MOI + are positively linked to the increased winter occurrence; however, the causes behind the opposite trends in SB speeds and gusts remain unclear. The SB changes are complex to explain, involving both large-scale circulation and physical-local factors that challenge the understanding of the opposite trends. Further investigation is needed to assess whether these trends are a widespread phenomenon, while climate models could simulate the drivers behind these decoupled SB changes in a warmer climate.
Knowledge-aware attentional neural network for review-based movie recommendation with explanations
Authors: Liu Yun , Miyazaki Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a knowledge-aware attentional neural network (KANN) for dealing with movie recommendation tasks by extracting knowledge entities from movie reviews and capturing understandable interactions between users and movies at the knowledge level. In most recommendation systems, review information is already widely utilized to uncover the explicit preferences of users for items, especially for domains including movie recommendations, music recommendations, and book recommendations, as reviews are full of knowledge entities relevant to the domain. When processing review information, current methods usually use word embeddings to represent reviews for modeling users and items. As a result, they may split the meaning of a phrase, and thereby induce erroneous predictions. Moreover, most methods capture high-order interactions between users and items after obtaining latent low-dimensional representations, which means they cannot discover understandable interactions or provide knowledge-level explanations. By incorporating knowledge graph representation into movie recommendation tasks, the proposed KANN can not only capture the inner attention among user (movie) reviews but also compute the outer attention values between users and movies before generating corresponding latent vector representations. These characteristics enable the explicit preferences of users for movies to be learned and understood. We test our model on two datasets (IMDb and Amazon) for the movie rating prediction task and the click-through rate prediction task and show that it outperforms some of the existing state-of-the-art models and gains outstanding prediction performances in cases with a very small amount of reviews. Furthermore, we demonstrate the high explainability of the proposed KANN by visualizing the interaction between users and movies through a case study. Our results and analyses highlight the relatively high effectiveness and reliability of KANN for movie recommendation tasks.
Influence-aware memory architectures for deep reinforcement learning in POMDPs
Authors: Suau Miguel , He Jinke , Congeduti Elena , Starre Rolf A. N. , Czechowski Aleksander , Oliehoek Frans A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to its perceptual limitations, an agent may have too little information about the environment to act optimally. In such cases, it is important to keep track of the action-observation history to uncover hidden state information. Recent deep reinforcement learning methods use recurrent neural networks (RNN) to memorize past observations. However, these models are expensive to train and have convergence difficulties, especially when dealing with high dimensional data. In this paper, we proposeinfluence-aware memory, a theoretically inspired memory architecture that alleviates the training difficulties by restricting the input of the recurrent layers to those variables that influence the hidden state information. Moreover, as opposed to standard RNNs, in which every piece of information used for estimatingQvalues is inevitably fed back into the network for the next prediction, our model allows information to flow without being necessarily stored in the RNN’s internal memory. Results indicate that, by letting the recurrent layers focus on a small fraction of the observation variables while processing the rest of the information with a feedforward neural network, we can outperform standard recurrent architectures both in training speed and policy performance. This approach also reduces runtime and obtains better scores than methods that stack multiple observations to remove partial observability.
Adaptive 1-dimensional time invariant learning for inertial sensor-based gait authentication
Authors: Permatasari Jessica , Connie Tee , Ong Thian Song , Teoh Andrew Beng Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWearable-sensor gait signals processed using advanced machine learning algorithms are shown to be reliable for user authentication. However, no study has been reported to investigate the influence of elapsed time on wearable sensor-based gait authentication performance. This work is the first exploratory study that presents accelerometer and gyroscope signals from 144 participants with slow, normal, and fast walking speeds from 2 sessions (1-month elapse time) to evaluate IMU gait-based authentication performance. Gait signals are recorded in six positions (i.e., left and right pocket, left and right hand, handbag, and backpack). The users' identities are verified using a robust gait authentication method called Adaptive 1-Dimensional Time Invariant Learning (A1TIL). In A1TIL, 1D Local Ternary Patterns (LTP) with an adaptive threshold is proposed to extract discriminative time-invariant features from a gait cycle. In addition, a new unsupervised learning method called Kernelized Domain Adaptation (KDA) is applied to match two gait signals from different time spans for user verification. Comprehensive experiments have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach on a newly developed time invariant inertial sensor dataset. The promising result with an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 4.38% from slow walking speed and right pocket position across 1 month demonstrates that gait signals extracted from inertial sensors can be used as a reliable means of biometrics across time.
Metavolcanic formations in the Paraautochthonous Triassic successions of the Bükk Mts, NE Hungary
Authors: Németh Norbert , Kristály Ferenc , Gál Péter , Móricz Ferenc , Lukács Réka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Bükk Mts. in NE Hungary exposes Paleozoic and Mesozoic successions containing volcanic formations both in the oceanic crust-derived Szarvaskő Unit and in the continental crust-derived Paraautochthonous Unit. The rocks of this latter unit were subject of multiple metamorphic, also metasomatic alterations and deformation events obscuring and overprinting original petrographic and geochemical characteristics and producing a complex structure in which stratigraphic relationships are not always possible to be identified. This situation was leading to various stratigraphic hypotheses. This study aims to provide a basis for distinguishing metavolcanic formations using trace element geochemical data combined with quantitative mineralogical data based on XRD and EPMA. Our data were obtained from a wide range of samples collected in the Bükk Mts. Mineralogy and major element geochemistry reflect regional Alpine metamorphism and local alteration processes but high field strength elements remained relatively stable during most of these processes except local HFSE enrichment. Zr/TiO2, Nb/Y and Nb/Ta ratios were effectively used for classifying the rocks into three formations: Bagolyhegy Metarhyolite, Szentistvánhegy Metavolcanics and Szinva Metabasalt. Bagolyhegy Metarhyolite is a unique volcanic formation formed from highly differentiated and HFSE-depleted magma, probably in a single volcanic centre of uncertain age. Szentistvánhegy Metavolcanics comprises heterogeneous rocks of a calc-alkaline arc-type suite with wide distribution in a Ladinian chronostratigraphic horizon. Szinva Metabasalt represents within-plate-type alkaline lava flows and adjacent volcaniclastic, mostly peperitic rocks embedded in Carnian platform and basin facies limestone formations. Like the sedimentary formations of the Bükk Mts, rocks of magmatic origin can be correlated with the formations of the South Alpine and Dinaric successions with the significant difference that abundant metavolcanics are not accompanied by intrusive bodies.
Rates and risk factors of complications associated with operative treatment of pelvic fractures
Authors: Mostert C. Q. B. , Timmer R. A. , Krijnen P. , Meylearts S. A. G. , Schipper I. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Post-operative complications following fixation of pelvic fractures can lead to mortality and increased morbidity. Available literature regarding complications is heterogeneous and knowledge on risk factors is limited. This study aims to identify the most common post-operative complications and their possible risk factors following pelvic fracture surgery.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed in two level-1 trauma centers in the Netherlands between January 2015 and January 2021. Included patients were all adult patients (≥ 18 years) with an operatively treated pelvic fracture (pelvic ring and/or acetabular fractures). Post-operative complications included surgical site infections (SSI), material-related complications, neurological complications, malunion/non-union and performed reoperations. A forward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify any risk factors associated with these complications.

Results
Complications occurred in 55 (24%) of the 233 included patients. SSI’s were most common, occurring in 34 (15%) patients. Duration of surgery (odds ratio 1.01 per minute, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.01) and obesity (odds ratio 1.10 per BMI point, 95% confidence interval 1.29–7.52) were independent risk factors for development of SSI. Less common post-operative complications were material-related complications (8%) and neurological damage (5%).

Conclusion
Limiting operation time by using less invasive and less time-consuming surgical approaches may reduce the risk of SSI. More awareness and post-operative screening for early signs of SSI is mandatory, especially in obese patients. Future research should include large prospective patient cohorts to determine risk factors for other post-operative complications associated with pelvic fracture surgery.
Prediction of Mode I Fracture Toughness of Shale Specimens by Different Fracture Theories Considering Size Effect
Authors: Xie Qin , Liu Xiling , Li Shengxiang , Du Kun , Gong Fengqiang , Li Xibing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, mode I fracture tests on cracked straight-through Brazilian disc (CSTBD) and notched semi-circular bend (NSCB) shale specimens with different sizes were conducted to investigate the difference between maximum tangential stress fracture criterion and the size effect law (SEL) model in predicting apparent fracture toughness (Ka) of shale. In addition, the effects of specimen size and geometry on the Ka and the selection of fracture criterion on the prediction of the inherent fracture toughness (KIc) were also studied. The results show that the Ka increases with the increase of specimen size, and the difference between KIc of shale specimens with different sizes predicted by the fracture process zone length determined by the further improved maximum tangential stress (FIMTS) criterion is the smallest. For the prediction of Ka of NSCB specimen, the results predicted by the FIMTS criterion are the closest to the tested fracture toughness. However, the effect of SEL model applied to the prediction of Ka of NSCB specimens is poor. The effective establishment of SEL model requires high accuracy for test data, especially for the configuration with large variation of the dimensionless stress intensity factor (Y*) with normalized crack length (α).