bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection for large superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumor: a single-center study
Authors: Barbaro Federico , Papparella Luigi Giovanni , Chiappetta Michele Francesco , Schepis Tommaso , Maresca Rossella , Del Vecchio Livio Enrico , Ciuffini Cristina , Pecere Silvia , Petruzziello Lucio , Costamagna Guido , Spada Cristiano 
Published: February 2025

Background and aim
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) is challenging, and to date, only a few studies assessed the clinical outcomes of EMR in the duodenum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EMR for the treatment of SNADETs >10 mm.

Patients and methods
This is a single-center retrospective study reporting data from a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing EMR of large (>1 cm) SNADETs between January 2017 and December 2021.

Results
A total of 81 patients with 83 lesions underwent EMR (70 conventional EMR, 13 underwater EMR). The median size was 20 mm (range: 10–60 mm). The mean procedure time was 45 ± 30 min, and the en-bloc resection rate was 47%. In all patients, SNADETs were successfully removed (i.e. technical success). Delayed bleeding occurred in 5 (6%) of EMRs. One delayed perforation occurred, which was managed surgically. Recurrence rate was 20% with a median follow-up period of 20.5 months. Recurrence was detected at the first endoscopic follow-up in 88% of cases, and all recurrences were successfully treated endoscopically. Lesion size (P = 0.04), previous endoscopic resection (P = 0.05), and piecemeal resection (P = 0.05) were independent risk factors of local recurrence after EMR on multivariate-adjusted analysis.

Conclusion
Large duodenal adenomas can be effectively managed by EMR. However, duodenal EMR of large lesions carries a significant risk of early recurrence, with a nonnegligible risk of adverse events. Lesion dimension, piecemeal resection, and previous endoscopic resection were associated with a higher recurrence rate. Close endoscopic follow-up is recommended given the high incidence of early recurrence, which can be successfully treated endoscopically.
Predictive value of serum HBV RNA on HBeAg seroconversion in treated chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Liu Ting , Shi Yuru , Wu Jing , Qin Linghan , Qi Yingjie 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
To investigate the predictive value of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA on HBeAg seroconversion in treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods
Sixty-four HBeAg-positive CHB patients were selected. They were divided into HBeAg seroconversion group including 11 cases and HBeAg non-seroconversion group including 53 cases. HBV RNA levels and other laboratory results were measured at baseline and week 12, 24, 48, 72 during treatment in both groups. The predictive value of HBV RNA level for the seroconversion of HBeAg in patients treated for hepatitis B was analyzed.

Results
Significant differences existed in serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA levels between the two groups at baseline while there was no significant difference in HBsAg. The correlation between HBV RNA and HBV DNA was significantly high (r = 0.707, P < 0.05), while the correlation between HBV DNA and HBsAg (r = 0.474, P < 0.05) or HBV RNA and HBsAg was poor (r = 0.372, P < 0.05). Patients with younger age and higher HBV RNA levels at baseline and week 24 were less likely to have HBeAg seroconversion. HBV RNA was better than HBV DNA and HBsAg in predicting HBeAg seroconversion whether at baseline or week 12 and week 24. The area under the curve of HBV RNA level at 24th week was the highest, which was 0.942, and the cutoff value was 4.145 log10 copies/ml.

Conclusion
HBV RNA level may be a suitable serum marker to predict whether HBeAg seroconversion can occur. CHB patients with serum HBV RNA level lower than 4.145 log10 copies/ml at week 24 were more likely to achieve HBeAg seroconversion.
Current clinical evidence in intrarenal temperature, pressure and suction during retrograde intrarenal surgery: a review of literature
Authors: Tokas Theodoros , Gauhar Vineet , Yuen Steffi Kar Kei , Somani Bhaskar Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Experimental evidence suggests that intrarenal temperatures (IRTs) and pressures (IRPs) during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) with laser lithotripsy are clinically significant. Suction devices aim to facilitate RIRS and improve procedure outcomes. We present an overview of new clinical studies regarding IRT, IRP, and suction developments.

Recent findings
High laser power, low irrigation, and restricted working space were directly correlated with increased IRTs. Increased irrigation flow rate and ureteral access sheath (UAS) maintained well tolerated IRTs. Baseline IRPs ranged from 16 to 17 mmHg. Intraoperative IRP monitoring maintained values below 22 mmHg. Hand-assisted pumps often increase IRPs above the safety threshold. Prolonged IRP increments were correlated to postoperative infections. Suction devices decreased operative time to less than 60 min and improved stone-free rates (SFRs) at 1 day to more than 80 and at 30 days to more than 90%.

Summary
Despite the limited clinical evidence, IRTs during RIRS correlate directly with laser power and reversely correlate with irrigation flow rate and UAS use. Intraoperative IRP monitoring prevents hazardous increments. Manual pump irrigation causes extremely high IRPs. There is a possible relation between prolonged IRP increments and infectious complication development. Using suction UAS or flexible and navigable sheaths (FANS) improves operative times and SFRs, while more studies regarding direct in-scope suction (DISS) efficiency and safety are needed.
Pre-endoscopy Anesthesiology Clinic Evaluation Does Not Reduce Adverse Event Rates for High-risk for Sedation Patients
Authors: Thurm Tamar , Zmora Niv , Bruck Rafael , Bar Nir , Philips Adam , Shibolet Oren , Deutsch Liat 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Preoperative or preanesthesia evaluation is an established practice in patients undergoing surgery. The efficacy of a similar practice before endoscopic procedures has not yet been determined. At our medical center, patients with severe comorbidities, deemed at high risk for sedation, were assigned to an anesthesiologist-supervised endoscopic procedure (ASEP). Since late 2016 they are assessed at anesthesiology clinic pre-endoscopy. Our objective was to compare adverse events (AEs) between these 2 strategies.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all ambulatory upper and lower endoscopies between 2016 and 2017 was performed. Data on postprocedural (14 d) emergency department (ED) admissions, hospitalizations, operations, and mortality before and after policy change (BPC and APC) were compared.

Results:
During the study period 18,240 ambulatory upper and lower endoscopic procedures were performed in 14,906 patients, 7447 (49.96%) BPC, and 7459 (50.04%) APC; 580 were ASEP. The proportions of ASEP were comparable between the 2 time periods (BPC 295 versus APC 285; P=0.721); however, APC there was a 25-fold increase in pre-endoscopy anesthesiology clinic assessments [BPC-6 patients (2.03%) versus APC-146 patients (51.22%), P<0.001]. Postprocedural sedation-related AEs were comparable between the groups [0.07%-BPC (head injury, stroke, myocardial infarction, and aspiration) versus 0.03%-APC (aspiration and dyspnea), P=0.256]. None of these patients were sedated by an anesthesiologist.

Conclusions:
Policy change of pre-endoscopy evaluation for high-risk for sedation patients was not associated with a change in AE rates. Policy adherence was limited. The lack of AE rate reduction may indicate a marginal impact on an already low event rate with ASEP for high-risk patients.
Quantification of Left Ventricular Trabecular Complexity in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fractal Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wen Jinyang , Tang Xuepei , Tao Xinwei , Liu Weiyin Vivian , Zheng Tian , Li Shuhao , Zhou Shuli , Zhou Jingjing , Xiao Xuan , Fang Qimin , Gong Lianggeng 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To investigate the left ventricular (LV) trabecular complexity and evaluate its relationship with LV cardiac function and especially myocardial strain in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 patients were retrospectively recruited in the study, including 50 obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 50 nonobstructive HCM (NOHCM). Fifty age-matched and sex-matched healthy participants were also enrolled. The global and regional LV fractal dimensions (FDs), the global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain (GRS, GCS, and GLS) for LV were measured. FDs and myocardial strain parameters among 3 groups with post hoc paired comparisons. Correlations analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed.

Results:
Mean global FD, max basal FD, and max apical FD were higher in patients with HCM compared with the healthy individuals (1.310 ± 0.046 vs 1.229 ± 0.027, 1.388 ± 0.089 vs 1.313 ± 0.039, 1.393 ± 0.108 vs 1.270 ± 0.041, all P < 0.001). Patients with HOCM showed significantly higher max apical FD than patients with NOHCM (1.432 ± 0.100 vs 1.355 ± 0.102, P < 0.001). The increased global FD was associated with reduced myocardial deformation across all 3 measures of global strain (GCS: r = 0.529, P < 0.001; GLS: r = 0.54, P < 0.001; GRS: r = −0.253, P = 0.002). Max apical FD yielded an area under the curve of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63-0.83) for discriminating HOCM from NOHCM.

Conclusions:
LV trabecular complexity is compensatively increased in patients with HCM and the max apical FD was more pronounced in patients with HOCM. The increased LV global trabecular complexity might be correlated with LV systolic dysfunction.
Phylodynamics beyond neutrality: the impact of incomplete purifying selection on viral phylogenies and inference
Authors: Koelle Katia , Rasmussen David A. 
Published: February 2025

Viral phylodynamics focuses on using sequence data to make inferences about the population dynamics of viral diseases. These inferences commonly include estimation of growth rates, reproduction numbers and times of most recent common ancestor. With few exceptions, existing phylodynamic inference approaches assume that all observed and ancestral viral genetic variation is fitness-neutral. This assumption is commonly violated, with a large body of analyses indicating that fitness varies substantially among genotypes circulating in viral populations. Here, we focus on fitness variation arising from deleterious mutations, asking whether incomplete purifying selection of deleterious mutations has the potential to bias phylodynamic inference. We use simulations of an exponentially growing population to explore how incomplete purifying selection distorts tree shape and shifts the distribution of mutations over trees. We find that incomplete purifying selection strongly shapes the distribution of mutations while only weakly impacting tree shape. Despite incomplete purifying selection shifting the distribution of deleterious mutations, we find little discernible bias in estimates of viral growth rates and times of the most recent common ancestor. Our results reassuringly indicate that existing phylodynamic inference approaches that assume neutrality may nevertheless yield accurate epidemiological estimates in the face of incomplete purifying selection. More work is needed to assess the robustness of these findings to alternative epidemiological parametrizations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘'"A mathematical theory of evolution": phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
Leveraging DAGs to improve context-sensitive and abundance-aware tree estimation
Authors: Dumm Will , Ralph Duncan , DeWitt William , Vora Ashni , Araki Tatsuya , Victora Gabriel D. , Matsen IV Frederick A. 
Published: February 2025

The phylogenetic inference package GCtree uses abundance of sampled sequences to improve the performance of parsimony-based inference, using a branching process model. Our previous work showed that GCtree performs competitively on B-cell receptor data, compared with other similar tools. In this article, we describe recent enhancements to GCtree, including an efficient tree storage data structure that discovers additional diversity of parsimonious trees with negligible additional computational cost. We also describe a suite of new objective functions that can be used to rank these trees, including a Poisson context likelihood function that models sequence evolution in a context-sensitive way. We validate these additions to GCtree with simulated B-cell receptor data, and benchmark performance against other phylogenetic inference tools.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘"A mathematical theory of evolution": phylogenetic models dating back 100 years’.
The Human Cerebello-Hippocampal Circuit Across Adulthood
Authors: Hicks Tracey H. , Magalhães Thamires N. C. , Bernard Jessica A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDirect communication between the hippocampus and cerebellum has been shown via coactivation and synchronized neuronal oscillations in animal models. Further, this novel cerebello-hippocampal circuit may be impacted by sex steroid hormones. The cerebellum and hippocampus are dense with estradiol and progesterone receptors relative to other brain regions. Females experience up to a 90% decrease in ovarian estradiol production after the menopausal transition. Postmenopausal women show lower cerebello-cortical and intracerebellar FC compared to reproductive aged females. Sex hormones are established modulators of both memory function and synaptic organization in the hippocampus in non-human animal studies. However, investigation of the cerebello-hippocampal (CB-HP) circuit has been limited to animal studies and small homogeneous samples of young adults as it relates to spatial navigation. Here, we investigate the CB-HP circuit in 138 adult humans (53% female) from 35-86 years of age, to define its FC patterns, and investigate its associations with behavior, hormone levels, and sex differences therein. We established robust FC patterns between the CB and HP in this sample. We predicted and found negative relationships between age and CB-HP FC. As expected, estradiol levels exhibited positive relationships with CB-HP. We found lower CB-HP FC with higher levels of progesterone. We provide the first characterization of the CB-HP circuit across middle and older adulthood and demonstrate that connectivity is sensitive to sex steroid hormone levels. This work provides the first clear CB-HP circuit mapping in the human brain and serves as a foundation for future work in neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Timing matters: modeling the effects of gestational cannabis exposure on social behavior and microglia in the developing amygdala
Authors: Pham Aidan L. , Marquardt Ashley E. , Montgomery Kristen R. , Sobota Karina N. , McCarthy Margaret M. , VanRyzin Jonathan W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug during pregnancy, with use steadily increasing in the United States as legalization and decriminalization expand to more states. Many pregnant individuals use cannabis to reduce adverse symptoms of pregnancy, considering it to be less harmful than other pharmaceuticals or alcohol. The primary psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), acts on the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, yet whether it perturbs neural development of the fetus is poorly understood. Previously we have shown that androgen mediated eCB tone in the developing amygdala promotes microglial phagocytosis of newborn astrocytes which has enduring consequences on the neural circuits regulating sex differences in social behavior. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and express both receptors of the eCB system, CB1R and CB2R, making them likely targets of modulation by THC. It is also plausible that exposure to THC at differing gestational timepoints can result in distinct outcomes, as is the case with alcohol exposure. To model human cannabis use during either late or early pregnancy, we exposed rodents to THC either directly during the early postnatal period via intraperitoneal (IP) injection or in utero during the prenatal period via dam IP injection respectively. Here we show that postnatal THC exposure results in sex specific changes in microglial phagocytosis during development as well as social behavior during the juvenile period. Interestingly prenatal exposure to THC resulted in inverse changes to phagocytosis and social behavior. These findings highlight the differential effects of THC exposure across gestation.
Mechanics of the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Sulcal Pits in the Folding Brain
Authors: Solhtalab Akbar , Guo Yanchen , Gholipour Ali , Dai Weiying , Razavi Mir Jalil 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the development of complex brain surface morphologies during the fetal stage is essential for uncovering mechanisms behind brain disorders linked to abnormal cortical folding. However, knowledge of the spatiotemporal evolution of fetal brain landmarks is limited due to the lack of longitudinal data capturing multiple timepoints for individual brains. In this study, we develop and validate a true-scale, image-based mechanical model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of brain sulcal pits in individual fetal brains. Our model, constructed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from the first timepoint of longitudinal data, predicts the brain’s surface morphology by comparing the distribution of sulcal pits between predicted models and MRI scans from a later timepoint. This dynamic model elucidates how a smooth fetal brain with primary folds evolves to form secondary and tertiary folds. Our results align with imaging data, showing that sulcal pits are stable during brain development and can serve as key markers linking prenatal and postnatal brain characteristics. The model provides a robust platform to study the evolution of sulcal pits in both healthy and disordered brains, which is crucial as altered sulcal pits patterns are seen in disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), polymicrogyria, down syndrome, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. This research represents a significant advancement in understanding fetal brain development and its connection to disorders that manifest as abnormal sulcal pit patterns later in life.
The aftermath of greenwashing in the fashion industry: Chinese consumer responses to different types of greenwashing
Authors: Wang Yue , Jung Sojin 
Published: February 2025

PurposeAn increasing number of fashion firms face criticism for “greenwashing” due to the industry’s longstanding negative environmental and social impacts. This experimental study, in the fashion industry context, evaluated consumers’ perceptions of hypocrisy, demonstrated by false labeling, vague information and downsizing negative environmental impacts in corporate social responsibility initiatives. This study also investigated how these perceptions influence consumers’ evaluations of the firm’s moral inequity and their likelihood of engaging in complaint behaviors.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey company recruited Chinese consumers to participate in a between-subjects experimental study. Three types of news articles were developed – false labeling, vague information and downsizing of negative aspects – reporting on a fictitious fashion firm’s greenwashing practices. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the stimuli and completed a corresponding survey.FindingsAnalysis of the 210 collected responses revealed that false labeling had the highest level of corporate hypocrisy perceptions, whereas the downsizing of negative aspects resulted in the lowest level. Moreover, perceived hypocrisy increased moral inequity, which subsequently influenced consumer complaint behaviors. Specifically, when consumers’ expectations toward a firm’s morality were violated – whether through false labeling, vague claims or selective omission – they felt deceived, leading to perceptions of moral hypocrisy. Upon detecting hypocritical behavior in corporate greenwashing, consumers felt moral inequity and took various complaint actions.Originality/valueThis study’s findings provide valuable insights into greenwashing within the fashion industry, addressing industry-specific issues. Academically, this study suggests new classifications of customer complaint behaviors by relating the current circumstances of customer complaints to previous classifications.
Exploring the causes of sunk cost fallacy in the construction industry: case of mega projects
Authors: Demirkesen Sevilay 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study aims to reveal the main causes of the sunk cost fallacy in construction projects. Thus, it is expected that sunk costs can be avoided, which have a big impact on construction costs.Design/methodology/approachThe construction industry is fragmented and dynamic. Therefore, it is vulnerable to several risks such as time, cost and labor-related risks. The complexity and fragmented nature of construction projects brings up the need for high financial investment funds. In some cases, this results in sunk costs that cannot be recovered. A considerable amount of sunk costs occurs due to the sunk cost fallacy meaning that construction practitioners feel responsible for completing the projects despite unsuccessful project performance indicators due to various reasons such as client pressure, restricting regulations and the need to develop a good reputation considering future projects. However, the sunk cost fallacy can sometimes result in irrecoverable losses, which can badly affect a firm’s reputation regarding future projects.FindingsIn this respect, a total of 207 industry practitioners were surveyed to determine the main causes of the sunk cost fallacy. The causes were then ranked based on the order of importance, and weights were assigned for each cause determined. Concerning such ranking and weighting, the most essential causes were revealed. Moreover, the study presents a total of 4 case studies, which are mega projects that came up with sunk costs. The cases are presented to support the main causes of the sunk cost fallacy exploring from which the sunk cost fallacy stems.Originality/valueThe lack of research on sunk cost fallacy in the construction industry makes this study novel in the fact that a large sample provides data regarding the causes of sunk cost fallacy. The findings of this study can guide both industry practitioners and policymakers in terms of developing strategies to avoid sunk costs and experience higher success rates in their projects.