bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bird lineages colonizing urban habitats have diversified at high rates across deep time
Authors: Iglesias‐Carrasco Maider , Tobias Joseph A. , Duchêne David A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimUrbanization exposes species to novel ecological conditions. Some species thrive in urban areas, whereas many others are excluded from these human‐made environments. Previous analyses suggest that the ability to cope with rapid environmental change is associated with long‐term patterns of diversification, but whether the suite of traits associated with the ability to colonize urban environments is linked to this process remains poorly understood.LocationWorld.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedPasserine birds.MethodsWe applied macroevolutionary models to a large dataset of passerine birds to compare the evolutionary history of urban‐tolerant species with that of urban‐avoidant species. Specifically, we examined models of state‐dependent speciation and extinction to assess the macroevolution of urban tolerance as a binary trait, in addition to models of quantitative trait‐dependent diversification based on relative urban abundance. We also ran simulation‐based model assessments to explore potential sources of bias.ResultsWe provide evidence that historically, species with traits promoting urban colonization have undergone faster diversification than urban‐avoidant species, indicating that urbanization favours clades with a historical tendency towards rapid speciation or reduced extinction. In addition, we find that past transitions towards states that currently impede urban colonization by passerines have been more frequent than in the opposite direction. Furthermore, we find a portion of urban‐avoidant passerines to be recent and to undergo fast diversification. All highly supported models give this result consistently.Main conclusionsUrbanization is mainly associated with the loss of lineages that are inherently more vulnerable to extinction over deep time, whereas cities tend to be colonized by less vulnerable lineages, for which urbanization might be neutral or positive in terms of longer‐term diversification. Urban avoidance is associated with high rates of recent diversification for some clades occurring in regions with relatively intact natural ecosystems and low current levels of urbanization.
Spatial autocorrelation between human responses and Winter storm Grayson
Authors: Yum Seungil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between Winter storm Grayson and human responses in the US by considering a multitude of periods, regions, socio‐demographic variables and spatial autocorrelation for the number of tweets. This study suggests that the proportion of tweets is highly concentrated in the north‐east region, which is the most damaged region in the winter storm week. Second, there is significant spatial autocorrelation for the number of tweets related to the winter storm. The lag coefficient values of the spatial lag model and the spatial error model are 0.362 and 0.437 at a 0.01 significance level, respectively. Third, younger people and people who have less than a high school degree show a positive coefficient value, whereas males, people with a high school degree, and those who have high income show a negative coefficient value for the number of tweets. This study shows that spatial regression models would be better models to understand human responses to natural disasters than the ordinary least squares model.
The liver contains distinct interconnected networks of CX3CR1+ macrophages, XCR1+ type 1 and CD301a+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells embedded within portal tracts
Authors: English Kieran , Tan Sioh Yang , Kwan Rain , Holz Lauren E , Sierro Frederic , McGuffog Claire , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Heath William R , MacDonald Kelli PA , McCaughan Geoffrey W , Bowen David G , Bertolino Patrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPortal tracts are key intrahepatic structures where leukocytes accumulate during immune responses. They contain the blood inflow, which includes portal blood from the gut, and lymphatic and biliary outflow of the liver, and as such represent a key interface for potential pathogen entry to the liver. Myeloid cells residing in the interstitium of the portal tract might play an important role in the surveillance or prevention of pathogen dissemination; however, the exact composition and localization of this population has not been explored fully. Our in‐depth characterization of portal tract myeloid cells revealed that in addition to T lymphocytes, portal tracts contain a heterogeneous population of MHCIIhigh myeloid cells with potential antigen presenting cell (APC) function. These include a previously unreported subset of CSF1R‐dependent CX3CR1+ macrophages that phenotypically and morphologically resemble liver capsular macrophages, as well as the two main dendritic cell subsets (cDC1 and cDC2). These cells are not randomly distributed, but each subset forms interconnected networks intertwined with specific components of the portal tract. The CX3CR1+ cells were preferentially detected along the outer border of the portal tracts, and also in the portal interstitium adjacent to the portal vein, bile duct, lymphatic vessels and hepatic artery. cDC1s abounded along the lymphatic vessels, while cDC2s mostly surrounded the biliary tree. The specific distributions of these discrete subsets predict that they may serve distinct functions in this compartment. Overall, our findings suggest that portal tracts and their embedded cellular networks of myeloid cells form a distinctive lymphoid compartment in the liver that has the potential to orchestrate immune responses in this organ.
When what you have is not enough—Acquiring Australian qualifications to overcome non‐recognition of overseas skills
Authors: Tan George , Cebulla Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSkilled migration is an important strategy in developed economies seeking to address skills shortages and population ageing. Research on the labour market outcomes of skilled migrants tends to focus on employers' devaluation of skills without considering the role of immigration policy in the migration process. Moreover, there is little understanding of whether efforts to meet employer demands for local qualifications improve labour market outcomes. Drawing on a study on skilled migrants sponsored under the State‐Specific and Regional Migration Scheme in the regional state of South Australia, we explore the shaping of skills and skills recognition in the migration journey, particularly migrants' strategy of reskilling in response to employer demands for local qualifications. Our logistic regressions on the association between the acquisition of Australian qualifications and labour market outcomes reveal only marginal returns to these efforts. We argue that Australia should consider developing a more coherent skilled migration process to better harness the human capital of skilled migrants.
The AMA supports all doctors in relation to voluntary assisted dying
Authors: Khorshid Omar , Miller Andrew J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article outlines the Australian Medical Association's (AMA) current policy on voluntary assisted dying (VAD), arguing that, when read in good faith in its entirety as intended, the policy is neutral and balanced. As written, it is a wide‐ranging policy reflecting the diversity of views among medical professionals that still exists on the issue of VAD. While recognising that relevant legislation is a matter for governments and society, the policy advocates for the protection of doctors and patients, whether they choose to participate in VAD or not. Consistent with a proper interpretation of the policy as a whole, the AMA has been active in supporting the VAD legislative process, implementation and the practitioners involved including providing practical guidance now that legislation has been passed in several jurisdictions.
‘I knew I'd be taken care of’: Exploring patient experiences in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bull Claudia , Latimer Sharon , Crilly Julia , Spain David , Gillespie Brigid M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore adult Emergency Department patient experiences to inform the development of a new Emergency Department patient‐reported experience measure.DesignDescriptive, exploratory qualitative study using semi‐structured individual interviews with adult Emergency Department patients.MethodologyParticipants were recruited across two Emergency Departments in Southeast Queensland, Australia during September and October 2020. Purposive sampling based on maximum variation was used. Participants were recruited during their Emergency Department presentation and interviewed in 2‐weeks via telephone. Inductive thematic analysis followed the approach proposed by Braun and Clarke (2012).ResultsThirty participants were interviewed, and four themes were inductively identified: Caring relationships between patients and Emergency Department care providers; Being in the Emergency Department environment; Variations in waiting for care; and Having a companion in the Emergency Department. Caring relationships between patients and Emergency Department care providers included being treated like a person and being cared for, being informed about and included in care, and feeling confident in care providers. Being in the Emergency Department environment included being around other patients, feeling comfortable and having privacy. Variations in waiting for care included expecting a longer wait, waiting throughout the Emergency Department journey and receiving timely care. Having a companion in the Emergency Department included not feeling alone, and observing care providers engage with companions.ConclusionPatient experiences in the Emergency Department are multifaceted, and themes are not mutually exclusive. These findings demonstrate consistency with the core experiential themes identified in the international literature.ImpactStrategies to improve patient engagement in shared decision‐making, and communication between patients and care providers about wait times will be critical to optimizing Emergency Department patient experiences, and person‐centred practice. These findings holistically conceptualize patient experiences in the Emergency Department which is the first step to developing a new Emergency Department patient‐reported experience measure.
Morphological and gonadal histological characteristics of the silver‐phase male Indo‐Pacific eel Anguilla marmorata
Authors: Hagihara Seishi , Wakiya Ryoshiro , Maeda Tatsuhiko , Kimura Shingo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEight silver‐phase male Indo‐Pacific eels (giant mottled eels) Anguilla marmorata were collected from three small rivers on subtropical Amami‐Oshima Island, Japan, and their morphological and gonadal‐histological characteristics were examined. The total length, body mass and age of the silver eels were 543.8 ± 49.3 (496–659) mm, 376.0 ± 116.0 (282–660) g and 14.6 ± 2.3 (11–19) years old, respectively. The silvering‐related characteristics (eye index, pectoral‐fin index, gut‐somatic index) and reproductive characteristics (gonadosomatic index, histological stage) of the silver eels were significantly advanced compared to those of yellow eels, which is similar to other anguillid species.
A prospective multicenter clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a hyaluronic acid‐based filler with Tri‐Hyal technology in the treatment of lips and the perioral area
Authors: Ehlinger‐David Agnès , Gorj Mihai , Braccini Frédéric , Loreto Federico , Grand‐Vincent Anne , Garcia Philippe , Taieb Maryna , Benadiba Laurent , Catoni Isabelle , Mathey Elena Rumyantseva , Deutsch Jean‐Jacques , Bahadoran Philippe , Vincent Thibaud , David Michel , Cartier Hugues , Nadra Karim , Moellhoff Nicholas , Fanian Ferial 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAge‐related changes of facial soft tissue cause clinical signs of facial aging such as lip atrophy, marionette lines, and an accentuated nasolabial fold. These changes can be modified using dermal fillers.AimsTo evaluate efficacy, longevity, and safety of a cross‐linked hyaluronic acid‐based filler with Tri‐Hyal technology in the treatment of lips, nasolabial folds, and marionette lines.Materials and MethodsThis prospective, multi‐center trial evaluated injections of three different areas (lips, nasolabial fold alone, or with marionette wrinkles) with a soft tissue filler containing 25 mg/ml cross‐linked hyaluronic acid and 0.3% lidocaine. Primary endpoint was the aesthetic correction 3 weeks after one injection session without touch‐up. Follow‐up was 18 months. Assessments were performed using the Global Aesthetic Score (GAS), clinical scoring based on photographic scales, high‐frequency ultrasound imaging, and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).ResultsIn total, 100 subjects were injected. GAS improved significantly for all treatment indications at 3 weeks (p < 0.0001). Success rates were highest for nasolabial folds (98.4%), followed by marionette lines (94.4%) and lips (73.5%). After 18 months post‐injection, success was observed in 91%, 88%, and 33% of subjects injected into nasolabial folds, marionette lines, and lips, respectively. GAIS scored highest for nasolabial folds (SGAIS: 71%; IGAIS: 40%), followed by marionette lines (SGAIS: 56%; IGAIS: 33%) and lips (SGAIS: 30%; IGAIS: 22%) at 18 months follow‐up.ConclusionsThe filler demonstrated high efficacy and safety in all indications. Regional differences in longevity were evident. Thus, the necessity of regional retreatments should be discussed with patients before injection.
Combined use of energy‐based interventions with low‐dose isotretinoin for the treatment of inflammatory acne: An retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Kim Jemin , Jongudomsombat Tunyaporn , Lee Young In , Kim Jihee , Oh Sang Ho , Hong Jong Won , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe combined use of oral isotretinoin with energy‐based interventions including fractional microneedle radiofrequency, pulsed dye laser, and ablative fractional laser is an effective way to treat moderate‐to‐severe inflammatory acne lesions. However, studies regarding its efficacy and safety are limited.AimsThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a treatment using low‐dose isotretinoin with energy‐based interventions for inflammatory acne.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 126 patients who were diagnosed with inflammatory acne and were treated with systemic isotretinoin for at least 3 months. Patients were divided into EBD (energy‐based intervention) (n = 82) and non‐EBD groups (n = 44). Clinical outcomes of both groups were assessed using medical records and digital photographs.ResultsAfter treatment, the modified Global Acne Grading Score of the EBD and non‐EBD groups decreased by 35.1 ± 17.2 and 25.6 ± 10.1, respectively. The improvement in acne severity was significantly greater in the EBD group than in the non‐EBD group. Cumulated isotretinoin dose and frequency of drug‐related side effects were significantly higher in the non‐EBD group than in the EBD group.ConclusionCombined treatment with low‐dose isotretinoin and energy‐based intervention is well tolerated and associated with positive responses in patients with inflammatory acne.
Heterogeneous crow's feet line patterns and customized botulinum toxin rejuvenating treatment
Authors: Cavallini Maurizio , Papagni Marco , Augelli Federica , Muti Gabriele Ferruccio , Santorelli Adriano , Raichi Mauro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFrom early dynamic lines in smiling and squinting young people, crow's feet lines in the lateral canthal region evolve through prolonged tissue remodeling into mature, stable rhytids after the mid‐to‐late thirties, and requests for rejuvenating treatment. Because of the heterogeneous fanning behavior of crow's feet lines, individualizing neuromodulation with botulinum toxin injections might be a sound strategy to maximize aesthetic outcomes.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of variable crow's feet line patterns at maximum contracture and while smiling and comment on the relative distribution of such patterns and the influence of aging. These considerations will be the basis and rationale for future studies that will individualize the total 24‐unit dose according to the distribution of crow's feet lines.MethodsIdentifying CFL orientation at maximum frown and while smiling; assessment tool: the four‐class 2015‐version of Kane's classification further modified by converting the former “central fan pattern” into a new, more precisely defined “extended full‐fan pattern” class.ResultsThe 323 cohort subjects had a mean age of 51.5 ± 9.28 years. Although with some differences, outcomes in a central‐southern real‐world European Caucasian population appear similar to the distribution first studied in 2003 in a highly selected population in New England involved in double‐blind clinical trials. The full‐fan pattern predominated both at maximum contraction and when smiling, followed in prevalence by the upper‐fan pattern at maximum contraction and the extended full‐fan pattern while smiling. Age significantly influenced the crow's feet line pattern—lower‐fan patterns were more frequent than other patterns in the real‐world younger middle‐age group (40–49 years old); full‐fan and extended full‐fan patterns progressively more prevalent with aging.ConclusionsThe study confirms but somewhat modifies the previous evidence about the non‐homogeneous distribution of crow's feet line fanning patterns in different age groups and reinforces the case to individualize the topography of botulinum toxin injections.
Efficacy and safety of topical hydrogen peroxide 35% solution versus cryotherapy in the treatment of senile lentigo
Authors: Tehranchinia Zohreh , Salehi Fahimeh , Zoghi Ghazal , Robati Reza M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSenile lentigines (SLs) are hyperpigmented macules that predominantly affect the elderly. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of hydrogen peroxide35% solution with cryotherapy in the treatment of SLs.Patients and MethodsThis clinical trial included 33 patients with SLs referred to our center. Lesions of each side of the body were randomly allocated to receive 3 sessions of treatment with hydrogen peroxide or cryotherapy at a three‐week interval. All patients were followed up 1 week after each round of treatment for the evaluation of side effects, the general effect of the treatment, and the general assessment of response to treatment.ResultsThirty‐three patients were included in this study with the mean age of 61.79 ± 4.59 years. Average and excellent effects were significantly higher with cryotherapy after the 2nd and 3rd sessions of treatment, respectively. Positive response to treatment was significantly higher with cryotherapy at all time points. Severe erythema was only observed with cryotherapy. Pigmentation was significantly more frequent with cryotherapy than with hydrogen peroxide at any time point (p < 0.001). Also, blisters were only seen with cryotherapy. Moreover, the pain score was significantly higher with cryotherapy at all time points (p < 0.001). Up to one week after the 3rd session of treatment, no recurrence of lesions occurred in any of the groups.ConclusionsCryotherapy appears to be more efficacious for the treatment of SLs compared to hydrogen peroxide 35% solution; however, hydrogen peroxide seems to have fewer side effects.
The consequences of being myself: Understanding authenticity and psychological safety for LGB employees
Authors: Gardner Danielle M. , Prasad Joshua J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough workplace authenticity has gained interest by researchers and the popular press, the construct's conceptualization as enacting only positive effects as informed by self‐verification theory may not represent the experiences of workers of marginalized identities. Acknowledging that individuals deciding to disclose a stigmatized identity at work face potential prejudice, we investigated whether the benefits of authentic expression on employees' organizational commitment and job involvement depend on psychological safety. Via a time‐lagged survey of sexual‐minority employees, we found evidence for a model explicating the conditional indirect effects of identity disclosure and authenticity on outcomes, as moderated by perceived workgroup psychological safety. Such findings theoretically challenge the literature's present assumption of authenticity's uniform benefits via exploration of important contextual boundary conditions. Practically, this research underscores the need for psychologically safe work environments, encouraging employers to maximize psychological safety where possible to see the full benefit of employees' workplace authenticity.
Does Moral Case Deliberation Change Current Views on Restrictions?: Staff Perceptions on Restrictions
Authors: van der Meulen Anne P. S. , Taminiau Elsbeth F. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the care of people with intellectual disability, support staff apply restrictions to people with moderate intellectual disabilities (ID) in several domains of daily life, such as restrictions on bedtimes or on the amount of food intake. Support staff may experience moral dilemmas applying these restrictions. In this respect, moral case deliberation (MCD) is used as an instrument for support staff to jointly reflect on dilemmas in care and is considered a form of ethical support. MCD also seems to broaden the perspective of their participants.Specific AimsThis study examined to what extent MCD led to changes in support staff's perspectives with regard to daily life restrictions placed upon people with moderate ID. Consequently, this study examined to what extent support staff's perspectives on these restrictions were broadened as a result of their participation in the study.MethodPrior to and following a series of three MCD sessions on moral dilemmas commonly encountered in daily life care, interviews were held with 12 support staff across two teams. Participants were asked what they considered to be good care in the given dilemmas. To systematically compare all of the answers given in the interviews prior to and following the MCDs, the same interview‐guide was used in both instances. Interviews were analyzed inductively.FindingsFollowing the MCD sessions, the respondents tended to hold onto their perspective to restrict clients to provide them with structure, clarity and rest, as expressed prior to the MCD. However, some respondents adapted their perspective on restrictions and were willing to provide people with moderate ID more freedom after the MCD.DiscussionThis study contributed to the evidence underlying MCD in healthcare and in providing insights into MCD with regard to daily life restrictions in the care of people with moderate ID. Partly, MCD leads to a broadening of perspective on restrictions applied in the daily life of people with moderate ID.