bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol: prevalence of low energy availability and its relation to health and performance among female football players
Authors: Rosenvinge Jan H , Dasa Marcus Smavik , Kristoffersen Morten , Pettersen Gunn , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Sagen Jørn Vegard , Friborg Oddgeir 
Published: January 2022

Enduring low energy availability (LEA) is associated with several potentially serious physiological and mental conditions. LEA has been found highly prevalent among female elite athletes within endurance sports, thus hampering athletes’ health and performance. The prevalence and the underpinning risk factors of LEA among female elite football players are less studied. One reason is that the existing self-report measures and technological devices to monitor energy intake and expenditure are inadequately adapted to capture the nature of the physical activity and energy expenditure among football players and are thus inaccurate.The present paper outlines a study protocol addressing the prevalence of LEA, the measurement of LEA and the correlations of LEA in terms of health and performance in female football players. Four studies will be conducted with the following aims (1) to evaluate the accuracy of global positioning systems (GPS)-based devices to monitor energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry as the gold standard, (2) to assess energy intake, quantify energy expenditure and investigate energy availability through self-report instruments, double labelled water (DLW) and GPS monitoring devices, (3) to determine the point prevalence of LEA using self-report instruments, DLW, dual-X-ray-absorptiometry (DXA) to quantify muscle and bone mass distribution and density, and a battery of hormonal analyses, and (4) to explore whether the prevalence of LEA varies across a full football season. Measures covering mental symptoms and psychological resources will be included, and a selection of biological measures derived from study 3.Measurements of DXA and DLW are resource-demanding and will be collected from one professional club (N~20 women). In contrast, the remaining data will be collected from four professional clubs (N~60 women) located in Bergen, the largest city within the Western region of Norway. Overall procedures and biobank storage procedures have been approved for data collection that will end in December 2024.
Outcomes and regional differences in practice in a worldwide coronary stent registry
Authors: Cimci Murat , Polad Jawed , Mamas Mamas , Iniguez-Romo Andres , Chevalier Bernard , Abhaichand Rajpal , Aminian Adel , Roguin Ariel , Maluenda Gabriel , Angioi Michael , Cassel Graham , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Jacobs Lotte , Debrus Roxane , Malik Fazila , Hildick-Smith David , Laanmets Peep , Roffi Marco 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe primary objective was to assess the performance of a new generation thin-strut sirolimus-eluting coronary stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer in an all comer population. The secondary objective was to detail differences in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice worldwide.Methodse-Ultimaster was an all-comer, prospective, global registry (NCT02188355) with independent event adjudication enrolling patients undergoing PCI with the study stent. The primary outcome measure was target lesion failure (TLF) at 1 year, defined as the composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction and clinically driven target lesion revascularisation. Data were stratified according to 4 geographical regions.ResultsA total of 37 198 patients were enrolled (Europe 69.2%, Asia 17.8%, Africa/Middle East 6.6% and South America/Mexico 6.5%) and 1-year follow-up was available for 35 389 patients (95.1%). One-year TLF occurred in 3.2% of the patients, ranging from 2% (Africa/Middle East) to 4.1% (South America/Mexico). In patients with acute coronary syndrome, potent P2Y12inhibitors were prescribed in 48% of patients at discharge, while at 1 year 72% were on any dual antiplatelet therapy. Lipid-lowering treatment was administered in 80.9% and 75.5% of patients at discharge and 1 year, respectively. Regional differences in the profile of the treated patients as well as in PCI practice were reported.ConclusionsIn this investigation with worldwide representation, contemporary PCI using a new generation thin-strut sirolimus-eluting coronary stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer was associated with low 1-year TLF across clinical presentations and continents. Suboptimal adherence to current recommendations around antiplatelet and lipid lowering treatments was detected.
Intakes of nutrients and food categories in Canadian children and adolescents across levels of sugars intake: cross-sectional analyses of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 Public Use Microdata File
Authors: Chiavaroli Laura , Wang Ye (Flora) , Ahmed Mavra , Ng Alena (Praneet) , DiAngelo Chiara , Marsden Sandra , Sievenpiper John L. 
Published: January 2022

Dietary recommendations to reduce sugars consumption may influence choices of sugars-containing foods and affect the intake of key micronutrients. We compared intakes of nutrients and food sources stratified by quintiles of total sugars in Canadian children (2–8 y) and adolescents (9–13 y, 14–18 y) using 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. Energy intakes did not differ across quintiles of sugars intake. Those with lower sugars intakes (Q1/Q3) generally had higher protein, fat, sodium, niacin, folate, and zinc and lower vitamin C compared with those with the highest sugars intakes (Q5). Q1 also had lower potassium but higher saturated fat compared with Q5. Further, Q1 generally had higher protein, fats, and niacin compared with Q3, while children in Q3 had higher potassium and riboflavin and older adolescents had higher calcium and fibre. Q5 had highest intakes of multiple sugar-containing food categories (e.g., fruit, confectionary, milks, cakes/pies/pastries), with higher sugars-sweetened beverages in adolescents. Q3 had higher fruit, milks, and fruit juice compared with Q1 and lower sugars/syrups/preserves, confectionary, and fruit juices compared with Q5. Certain nutrient-dense food sources of sugars (fruit, milks) may help increase key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre) in older adolescents with low sugars intakes. However, in those with the highest sugars intakes, nutrient-poor foods may displace nutrient-dense foods. Novelty: Canadian children and adolescents with lower sugars intake have better intakes of some nutrients. Energy intakes did not differ across sugars intake. Older adolescents with mean intakes of total sugars had better intakes of some key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre).
The $$R^2$$-Higgs inflation with two Higgs doublets
Authors: Lee Sung Mook , Modak Tanmoy , Oda Kin-ya , Takahashi Tomo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study $$R^2$$

R
2

-Higgs inflation in a model with two Higgs doublets in which the Higgs sector of the Standard Model is extended by an additional Higgs doublet, thereby four scalar fields are involved in the inflationary evolutions. We first derive the set of equations required to follow the inflationary dynamics in this two Higgs doublet model, allowing a nonminimal coupling between the Higgs-squared and the Ricci scalar R, as well as the $$R^2$$

R
2

term in the covariant formalism. By numerically solving the system of equations, we find that, in parameter space where a successful $$R^2$$

R
2

-Higgs inflation are realized and consistent with low energy constraints, the inflationary dynamics can be effectively described by a single slow-roll formalism even though four fields are involved in the model. We also argue that the parameter space favored by $$R^2$$

R
2

-Higgs inflation requires nearly degenerate masses for $$m_{\mathsf {H}}$$

m
H

, $$m_A$$

m
A

and $$m_{{\mathsf {H}}^{\pm }}$$

m

H

±

, where $${\mathsf {H}}$$
H
, A, and $${\mathsf {H}}^{\pm }$$

H

±

are the extra CP even, CP odd, and charged Higgs bosons in the general two Higgs doublet model taking renormalization group evolutions of the parameters into account. Discovery of such heavy scalars at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are possible if they are in the sub-TeV mass range. Indirect evidences may also emerge at the LHCb and Belle-II experiments, however, to probe the quasi degenerate mass spectra one would likely require high luminosity LHC or future lepton colliders such as the International Linear Collider and the Future Circular Collider.
A test of the standard dark matter density evolution law using galaxy clusters and cosmic chronometers
Authors: Bora Kamal , Holanda R. F. L. , Desai Shantanu , Pereira S. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we implement a test of the standard law for the dark matter density evolution as a function of redshift. For this purpose, only a flat universe and the validity of the FRW metric are assumed. A deformed dark matter density evolution law is considered, given by $$\rho _c(z) \propto (1+z)^{3+\epsilon }$$

ρ
c

(
z
)

∝

(
1
+
z
)

3
+
ϵ

, and constraints on $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
are obtained by combining the galaxy cluster gas mass fractions with cosmic chronometers measurements. We find that $$\epsilon =0$$

ϵ
=
0

within 2$$\sigma $$
σ
c.l., in full agreement with other recent analyses.
Prediction of Lung Infection during Palliative Chemotherapy of Lung Cancer Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Guo Wei , Gao Guoyun , Dai Jun , Sun Qiming 
Published: January 2022

Lung infection seriously affects the effect of chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer and increases pain. The study is aimed at establishing the prediction model of infection in patients with lung cancer during chemotherapy by an artificial neural network (ANN). Based on the data of historical cases in our hospital, the variables were screened, and the prediction model was established. A logistic regression (LR) model was used to screen the data. The indexes with statistical significance were selected, and the LR model and back propagation neural network model were established. A total of 80 cases of advanced lung cancer patients with palliative chemotherapy were predicted, and the prediction performance of different model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). It was found that

age
≧
60

years, length of

stay
≧
14

d, surgery history, combined chemotherapy, myelosuppression, diabetes, and hormone application were risk factors of infection in lung cancer patients during chemotherapy. The area under the ROC curve of the LR model for prediction lung infection was

0.729
±
0.084

, which was less than that of the ANN model (

0.897
±
0.045

). The results concluded that the neural network model is better than the LR model in predicting lung infection of lung cancer patients during chemotherapy.
The Association of Predicted Resting Energy Expenditure with Risk of Breast Cancer among Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative Cohort
Authors: Arthur Rhonda S. , Mossavar-Rahmani Yasmin , Prentice Ross L. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Luo Juhua , Sattari Maryam , Xue Xiaonan , Kamensky Victor , Chen Guo-Chong , Qi Qibin , Anderson Garnet L. , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Neuhouser Marian L. , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and chronic inflammation, have been positively associated both with postmenopausal breast cancer and with resting energy expenditure (REE). However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence on the associations between REE and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between predicted REE (calculated using the Ikeda, Livingston, and Mifflin equations) and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer overall and by subtypes, and by level of body fat) among 137,283 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). All predicted REEs were positively associated with risk of invasive breast cancer [HRq5 vs. q1 = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.57–1.81; HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.57–1.82; and HR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.56–1.80 for Ikeda, Livingston, and Mifflin, respectively]. These positive associations were observed irrespective of the hormone receptor subtype, grade, and stage of the tumors, but were most pronounced for estrogen receptor–positive/progesterone receptor–positive tumors. After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the associations were mostly attenuated and remained statistically significant for most of the outcomes. We also observed an interaction between the predicted REEs and BMI, with the associations being somewhat stronger among normal weight and overweight women than among obese women (Pinteractions &lt; 0.05). Our findings indicate that relatively high REE is associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women (particularly for the obesity-related tumor subtypes), irrespective of the equation used. Further studies using more objective measures of REE are, however, needed to confirm our findings.

Prevention Relevance:
This study showed that higher resting energy expenditure (REE) was associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer risk. REE provides energy to support cancer-associated disorders such as obesity and inflammation. Thus, studies on its association with breast cancer can help to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of breast cancer.
Accounting for B-cell Behavior and Sampling Bias Predicts Anti–PD-L1 Response in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Dyugay Ilya A. , Lukyanov Daniil K. , Turchaninova Maria A. , Serebrovskaya Ekaterina O. , Bryushkova Ekaterina A. , Zaretsky Andrew R. , Khalmurzaev Oybek , Matveev Vsevolod B. , Shugay Mikhail , Shelyakin Pavel V. , Chudakov Dmitriy M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy is predominantly based on T cell–centric approaches. At the same time, the adaptive immune response in the tumor environment also includes clonally produced immunoglobulins and clonal effector/memory B cells that participate in antigen-specific decisions through their interactions with T cells. Here, we investigated the role of infiltrating B cells in bladder cancer via patient dataset analysis of intratumoral immunoglobulin repertoires. We showed that the IgG1/IgA ratio is a prognostic indicator for several subtypes of bladder cancer and for the whole IMVigor210 anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy study cohort. A high IgG1/IgA ratio associated with the prominence of a cytotoxic gene signature, T-cell receptor signaling, and IL21-mediated signaling. Immunoglobulin repertoire analysis indicated that effector B-cell function, rather than clonally produced antibodies, was involved in antitumor responses. From the T-cell side, we normalized a cytotoxic signature against the extent of immune cell infiltration to neutralize the artificial sampling-based variability in immune gene expression. Resulting metrics reflected proportion of cytotoxic cells among tumor-infiltrating immune cells and improved prediction of anti–PD-L1 responses. At the same time, the IgG1/IgA ratio remained an independent prognostic factor. Integration of the B-cell, natural killer cell, and T-cell signatures allowed for the most accurate prediction of anti–PD-L1 therapy responses. On the basis of these findings, we developed a predictor called PRedIctive MolecUlar Signature (PRIMUS), which outperformed PD-L1 expression scores and known gene signatures. Overall, PRIMUS allows for reliable identification of responders among patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, including the subcohort with the low-infiltrated “desert” tumor phenotype.
Safety and Efficacy of Drug-Coated Balloons Versus Drug-Eluting Stents in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Prespecified Analysis of BASKET-SMALL 2
Authors: Mangner Norman , Farah Ahmed , Ohlow Marc-Alexander , Möbius-Winkler Sven , Weilenmann Daniel , Wöhrle Jochen , Linke Axel , Stachel Georg , Markovic Sinisa , Leibundgut Gregor , Rickenbacher Peter , Cattaneo Marco , Gilgen Nicole , Kaiser Christoph , Scheller Bruno , Jeger Raban V. ,   for the BASKET-SMALL 2 Investigators
Published: January 2022

Background:
Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are an established treatment strategy for coronary artery disease. Randomized data on the application of DCBs in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are limited. We evaluated the impact of clinical presentation (ACS versus chronic coronary syndrome) on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing DCB or drug-eluting stent (DES) treatment in a prespecified analysis of the BASKET-SMALL 2 trial (Basel Kosten Effektivitäts Trial–Drug-Coated Balloons Versus Drug-Eluting Stents in Small Vessel Interventions).

Methods:
BASKET-SMALL 2 randomized 758 patients with small vessel coronary artery disease to DCB or DES treatment and followed them for 3 years regarding major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization).

Results:

Among 758 patients, 214 patients (28.2%) presented with an ACS (15 patients [7%], ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction; 109 patients [50.9%], non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction; 90 patients [42.1%], unstable angina pectoris). At 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in the incidence of the primary end point by randomized treatment in patients with ACS (hazard ratio, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19–1.26] for DCB versus DES) or chronic coronary syndrome (hazard ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.67–2.47] for DCB versus DES). There was no significant interaction between clinical presentation and treatment effect (
P
for interaction, 0.088). For cardiac death (
P
for interaction, 0.049) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (
P
for interaction, 0.010), a significant interaction between clinical presentation and treatment was seen at 1 year with lower rates of these secondary end points in patients with ACS treated by DCB. At 3 years, there were similar major adverse cardiac event rates throughout groups without significant interaction between clinical presentation and treatment (
P
for interaction, 0.301). All-cause mortality was higher in ACS compared with chronic coronary syndrome; however, there was no difference between DCB and DES irrespective of clinical presentation.

Conclusions:
In this subgroup analysis of the BASKET-SMALL 2 trial, there was no interaction between indication for percutaneous coronary intervention (acute versus chronic coronary syndrome) and treatment effect of DCB versus DES in patients with small vessel coronary artery disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01574534.
Stablecoins and Central Bank Digital Currencies: Policy and Regulatory Challenges
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Viswanath-Natraj Ganesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Stablecoins and central bank digital currencies are on the horizon in Asia, and in some cases have already arrived. This paper provides new analysis and a critique of the use case for both forms of digital currency. It provides time-varying estimates of devaluation risk for the leading stablecoin, Tether, using data from the futures market. It describes the formidable obstacles to widespread use of central bank digital currencies in cross-border transactions, the context in which their utility is arguably greatest. The bottom line is that significant uncertainties continue to dog the region's digital currency initiatives.
Estimating the Impact of Cumulative Rules of Origin on Trade Costs: An Application to Mega-regional Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Chung Chul , Park Innwon , Park Soonchan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs), focusing on the impact of cumulative rules of origin (ROO) on trade costs. Using a gravity regression model, we estimate the effect of various cumulative ROO systems on the measured trade costs. We apply these estimates to static and capital accumulation computable general equilibrium models to compare the effects of mega-regional FTAs in the Asia-Pacific region—namely, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and Free Trade Areas in the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). We find that mega-regional FTAs may not be a viable alternative to a multilateral trading system or bilateral FTAs unless less restrictive cumulative ROO are adopted. Successful FTAs depend on an appropriate cumulative ROO provision system rather than their membership expansion.
Producing Gold and Silver to Globalize the Economy during the Early Modern Era: San Luis Potosi and the Pacific Trade with Asia
Authors: Serrano Hernández Sergio Tonatiuh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article presents evidence from archival sources that allows us to reconstruct the commercial networks that permitted the continuous flow of silver and gold from northern New Spain to Asia during the early modern era. These networks obtained various consumer goods – fabrics, spices, porcelain – that were then introduced into Spanish American markets. The narrative follows the bullion through its journey from the production center in San Luis Potosi to the Pacific and Asia. This vantage point contributes to the construction of a polycentric view within the framework of global history by assessing the role played by the American and Asiatic possessions of the Hispanic Empire in the first globalization. Using a methodological framework provided by social network analysis, the article presents a study of two commercial networks based in New Spain and extending to the Philippines and Peru. The essay underlines the role merchants played in mobilizing precious metals to accelerate exchanges and generate extraordinary profit margins.