bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Cinco’ Muskmelon1
Authors: Thomas Claude E. , Webb Raymon E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Cinco’ is a multidisease resistant muskmelon (cantaloupe), Cucumis melo L., with excellent keeping qualities, good appearance, and delicate sweet taste. It is highly resistant to watermelon mosaic virus 1 (WMV-1); downy mildew, Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & Curt.) Rostow.; races 1 & 2 of powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlect. ex Fr.) Poll.; and Alternaria leaf-blight Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) Elliot. It was developed in south Texas where these fungus diseases occur regularly in epiphytotic proportions. The fruit keeps well for long-distance shipping. The size is that preferred by local market and home garden growers.
What is Horticulture and Who Are Horticulturists? Presidential Address.1
Authors: Barham Warren S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Warren S. Barham was born Feb. 15, 1919, in Prescott, Ark. He married Margaret Alice Kyle in 1940. They have 4 children (Barbara, Juanita, Margaret, and Robert and 9 grandchildren.
Combating Increasing Energy Prices in U.K. Greenhouse Horticulture
Authors: Winspear K. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Any discussion of energy in agriculture cannot ignore the greenhouse sector because it is so energy-intensive; certainly this is true in the northern latitudes. Agriculture uses only 2% of all British oil consumption in providing over 50% of our food, but the protected crops producer consumes about one-quarter of all this oil in heating his greenhouses. Over 90% of the greenhouses in England and Wales are heated by oil, and heating can be 40% of all the costs of growing an early tomato crop. So it is understandable that greenhouse growers, more than most other users of fuel, are worried about costs and availability of heating fuels. This has always been so. Could you put a date on this news item? …. “a farmers’ delegation is to tell the Government Minister of the crisis within the glasshouse industry following colossal fuel cost increases”. This was published over 10 years ago (“The Grower” May 15, 1971), well before the the events of 1973 which resulted in the much greater price increases all through the 1970s. In 1971, heavy oil cost ⅓ pence/liter (2½ cents/U.S. gallon, assuming £1 = $2) and I was able to show a good cost/benefit ratio for a proposed research project into greenhouse fuel saving. This work led to the greenhouse thermal screen. Now, 10 years later, the cost of oil is more than 30 times greater. Thermal screens also cost much more, workers are paid higher wages, and greenhouse tomatoes, cucumbers, and flowers fetch higher prices. The problem is that the rate of change of each of these elements has not been similar.
A Comparison of Seeding Mixes for Bedding Plant Production1
Authors: Klingaman Gerald L. , Jaster Shirley Wolf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ten species of bedding plants were seeded into either a sphagnum peatmoss or pine bark-based germination medium. Marigolds and peppers had higher germination percentages and petunia, scarlet sage, verbena, marigold, impatiens, coleus, tomato, and pepper were heavier at time of transplanting when germinated in the sphagnum peat-based medium. Plant weight was markedly decreased at the time of sale by early checks in seedling growth resulting from seed germination in the bark-based medium.
Self-incompatibility Alleles in Broccoli1
Authors: Stern Georgia Ann Voss , Ockendon D. J. , Gabrielson R. L. , Maguire J. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seven self-incompatibility (S) alleles (S2, S13, S15, S18, S24, S39, and S51) were identified in various hybrids and breeding lines of broccoli [Brassica oleracea L. (Botrytis group)]. The international S. allele collection of Brassica oleracea at the National Vegetable Research Station was used to assure standardized identification.
A Simplified Procedure for Making Cleft Grafts and the Evaluation of Grafting Effects on Common Bean1
Authors: Izquierdo Juan A. , Hosfield G. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of bean, (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), were separated into scions and rootstocks using a V-shaped razor blade secured in a cutting block and mounted on a pair of electrician's pliers. Precise cuts could be made rapidly and easily, and the use of a hair clip eliminated the need for wrapping and unwrapping the graft. Grafted plants were transplanted in the greenhouse and to the field with a high degree of success. Components of seed yield, plant weight, and harvest index (ratio of seed weight to dry weight of aerial portion of plant) were affected by grafting on either the same strain or other strains used as rootstocks.
Genetic Divergence among Commercial Classes of Phaseolus vulgaris in Relation to Phaseolin Pattern1
Authors: Brown John W. S. , McFerson James R. , Bliss Fredrick A. , Hall Timothy C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Screening of 107 bean cultivars and plant introductions (PI) by 2-dimensional electrophoresis revealed only 3 different phaseolin patterns: Tendergreen (T), Sanilac (S), and Contender (C). The majority of the lines had either the ‘T’ (25%) or ‘S’ (69%) phaseolin patterns, with only 6% having the ‘C’ pattern. Phaseolin pattern was not strictly associated with commercial class but most cultivars with the ‘T’ pattern were snap beans, while the majority of lines with the ‘S’ pattern were dry beans. Furthermore, the phaseolin types of 15 cultivars were associated with previous cultivar groupings that were based on calculations of genetic relationships. A genetic distinction was noted between the groups of cultivars containing the ‘T’ and ‘S’ phaseolin patterns.
Relationships between Growth and Nitrogen Fertilization of Celery1
Authors: Stark J. C. , Jarrell W. M. , Letey J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens cv. Tall Utah 52-70R) was grown with only preplant N (100 kg/ha) or preplant plus 100, 200, or 300 kg/ha of additional N split into equal sidedress applications. Marketable yield and total N uptake significantly increased by the addition of sidedressed N, but there were no significant differences among sidedress treatments. However, increasing increments of N consistently increased early season crop and leaf growth rates and hastened maturity. With only preplant N, growth response was delayed but growth rates continued to increase after those of the side-dressed plants had begun to decrease.
Longevity of Stored Seed of Sweet Potato12
Authors: Jones Alfred , Dukes P. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Viability studies were conducted on 18 lots of seed of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L). Lam.) spanning a 21 year storage period. For the last 10 years, these seeds had been stored at 18° C and 45-50% relative humidity, but prior to that storage conditions varied. Weight per 100 seeds ranged from 1.7 to 2.4 g. No effect of seed age was found on germination (radical protrusion), which averaged 90% after sulfuric acid scarification, or on emergence which averaged 72%. The condition of the seed prior to storage seemed to have more effect than how long they were stored.
Response of Six Tomato Genotypes under Summer and Spring Weather Conditions in Louisiana1
Authors: Hanna Hanna Y. , Hernandez Teme P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit set of 6 genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) ranged from 50% (BL6807) to l% (L401) in the summer and from 93% (BL6807) to 78% (L401) in the spring. Flower drop was significantly higher in the summer for each cultivar, except for BL 6807 where there was no difference. All genotypes had significantly more underdeveloped ovaries in the summer and generally less normal pollen, smaller fruit, and less seed per fruit. Although these variables were related to low fruit set at high temperatures, they were not primarily responsible for this character.
A Rapid Tomato Root Excavation Technique1
Authors: Stoffella Peter J. , Volin Ray B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A root excavation technique was evaluated to compare root morphology of several breeding lines and cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown on raised beds. A square rotating steel bar mounted on a tool bar beneath a tractor was used to loosen the soil from the root systems. Stems were then slowly hand-pulled to extract the root system. Visual observations indicated that 85–95% of the root system was extracted from the soil profile. This excavation technique may be used to evaluate root morphological characteristics among genotypes of tomatoes or other crops grown on raised beds in nonstony sandy, sandy loam, or muck soils.
Inheritance of Pericarp Firmness in Tomato by Generation Mean Analysis1
Authors: Al-Falluji R. A. , Trinklein D. H. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Generation mean analysis (GMA) was used to study the inheritance of pericarp firmness in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in 6 populations of the cross P 510 × 30-St-29A, a firm-fleshed hybrid released as ‘Show-Me.’ Firmness readings for the F1, F2 and backcross (BC) populations approached their respective midparental values. Mean firmness values (kg/0.283 cm2) for the soft parent, firm parent, F1, F2, BP1 (firm), and BP2 (soft) were 0.78, 1.48, 1.17, 1.10, 1.29, and 1.01, respectively. The coefficient of regression was significant at the 0.01% level of probability. GMA applied to the F2 population gave a mean estimate of 1.13, an additive estimate of 0.28 and a dominance estimate of 0.14 indicating strong additive gene action. The data fit the 3-parameter model indicating no significant digenic epistatic interaction.
Effects of NAA on Cane Growth and Yield of ‘Boyne’ Red Raspberry1
Authors: Fear Carlos D. , Hertz Leonard B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Emerging primocanes of red raspberry, Rubus ideaus L. ‘Boyne’, were sprayed with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% when shoots were 7–13-cm-tall or at 1.0 and 2.0% when they were 13–20-cm-tall. Treated primocanes exhibited leaf cupping and epinasty followed by withering and death. Untreated floricanes and primocanes emerging after treatment were normal. Treatment with NAA at all rates restricted the height of primocanes emerging after treatment. Fruit yield the year following was reduced by NAA applied to shoots 13-20-cm-tall.
Responses of Black Vine Weevil Adults Fed Foliage from Genotypes of Strawberry, Red Raspberry, and Red Raspberry-Blackberry Hybrids1
Authors: Cram W. T. , Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Adults of the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), consistently responded with less weight gains, shorter preoviposition periods, and more eggs when fed foliage from genotypes of strawberry than of Rubus species. Among 8 strawberry genotypes tested, the lowest number of fertile eggs were produced from feeding on the cultivar ‘Totem’ and the most from the British Columbia selection 70-20R-15. Among 8 red raspberry cultivars, significant differences were observed in preoviposition periods periods and in both total and fertile eggs laid. Longest preoviposition periods were from feeding on ‘Leo’ and ‘Glen Prosen’; intermediate from ‘Glen Clova’, ‘Mailing Jewel’, and ‘Willamette’; and shortest from ‘Haida’, ‘Chilcotin’, and ‘Meeker’. In other Rubus species, loganberry was similar to ‘Leo’ and ‘Glen Prosen’, while the R. idaeus strigosus selection, Kinburne, gave a preoviposition period as long as loganberry. Since both ‘Leo’ and ‘Glen Prosen’ are Rubus occidentalis derivatives, this parentage might be of value for future breeding for black vine weevil resistance in red raspberry.
Growth and Flowering of Day-neutral and Everbearing Strawberry as Affected by Ethephon1
Authors: Choma Michele E. , Himelrick David G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied to greenhouse-grown ‘Ozark Beauty’ (everbearer), ‘Tristar’, ‘Hecker’, and ‘Brighton’ (day-neutrals) strawberry plants (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) when primary flower opened, increased leaf number and decreased petiole length. Both 500 and 1000 ppm ethephon increased the number and percentage of withered inflorescences (≥ 75% shriveled) and thus eliminated strawberry blossoms. All cultivars responded similarly to treatments.
Growth and Branching of Apple Seedlings as Influenced by Pressure-injected Plant Growth Regulators1
Authors: Miller Stephen S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pressure injection of certain plant growth regulators into pruned and unpruned apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) seedlings reduced terminal growth and increased lateral development within 7 weeks of injection. One ml of daminozide (butanedioic acid mon-(2, 2-dimethylhydrazide), AVG (aminoethoxyvinly glycine), MBR 18337 (N-(4-(ethylthio)-2-(trifluoro-methyl) phenyl (-methanesulfornamide) or PP333 [l-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl) pentan-3-01] reduced terminal extension growth over controls. PP333, the most effective growth inhibitor tested at 0.5 mg/ml, reduced terminal extension growth by 80% over controls. Top and root fresh weight were reduced on pruned seedlings. Only PP333 reduced top weight among the chemicals tested; root weight was not affected by chemical injections. Budbreak was increased significantly by BA (6-benzylamino purine), mepiquat-chloride (N-N-dimethyl-piperidinium-chloride) and AVG, but these chemicals had little or no effect on terminal extension growth.
Fire Blight in ‘Bradford’ Pear
Authors: Waterworth Howard , Clayton C. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Naturally occurring fireblight disease incited by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. was observed on old trees of ‘Bradford’ pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.). Affected twigs dropped from the trees by midsummer leaving no trace of symptoms or disfigurement of the trees.
Vascular Development in Dormant Prunus Flower Buds and its Relationship to Supercooling1
Authors: Ashworth E. N. , Rowse D. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Deep supercooling in Prunus flower buds was related to vascular development. The continuity of the xylem was monitored by following the movement of a water-soluble dye. Dye was translocated into the primordia of 3 Prunus species which do not supercool, but it was not observed to move into the primordia of 11 species which avoid freezing injury by deep supercooling. Dye uptake may provide a simple and inexpensive technique to screen for bud supercooling.
Effect of Nitrogen Source on Leaf Element Composition of Greenhouse-grown Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Eltahir Farouk H. , Oberly G. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The nutrient element composition of mid-shoot leaves of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was influenced by different N sources. Leaf N was significantly higher with applications of (NH4)2SO4 than with the 6 other carriers at the 3 sampling dates, and was significantly lower with ureaform at the first and second sampling date. The N source has little influence on Mg, Zn, Mn, or Fe leaf level at the June sampling date, but caused significant variation of these elements in the July and August samples. There was significant variation in leaf levels of Cu, B, Mo, Al, and Na at the 3 sampling dates.
Interaction between Temperature and Ethylene in Sour Cherry Fruit Abscission1
Authors: Olien William C. , Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruits of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency) were collected with pedicels attached during stage III of fruit development and were incubated with or without exogenous ethylene at temperatures between 15 and 35°C. Exogenous ethylene was supplied either by preincubation in 1.0 mm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) or by incubating in ethylene-enriched (7 μ1 liter−1) air in a flow-through system. There was no detectable interaction between ethylene concentration and temperature in promoting fruit abscission, measured as fruit removal force. Thus, the ability of ethylene to induce this response appeared to be independent of temperature between 15 and 35°. Events which occur subsequent to induction by ethylene during fruit abscission layer development were slightly affected by temperature, with a mean Q10 of 1.20.
Shell Dehiscence in Pistachio1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Iwakiri Ben T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shell dehiscence in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is dependent upon seed growth and development, as blank nuts fail to dehisce. Evidence is presented indicating that dehiscence is not the result of the seed exerting physical force on the surrounding shell, as has been suggested, but is a manifestation of abscission that is triggered by a substance(s) emanating from the seed.
Undertree Irrigation for Cold Protection with Low-volume Microsprinklers1
Authors: Parsons Lawrence R. , Wheaton T. Adair , Whitney Jodie D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of microsprinkler irrigation for frost protection was examined during several cold nights in central Florida in 1981. Air temperatures ranged from 0 to 2.8°C warmer in the irrigated area above the spray zone than in the non-irrigated area, and were generally 0.5 to 1.5°C warmer. By irrigating under the tree, microsprinklers avoid some of the disadvantages associated with overhead sprinklers. Overhead sprinklers are not practical for freeze protection of large evergreen citrus trees because of limb breakage due to ice loading. During calm radiation cold nights, microsprinkler irrigation can provide some protection and is one alternative to burning petroleum products for citrus cold protection.
Regulation of Growth and Flowering in Lupinus Russell-Hybrid1
Authors: Shedron Karen G. , Weiler Thomas C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lupinus Russell-hybrid seeds germinated 81% after 4 days when scarified with concentrated sulfuric acid for 45-60 min. Cold storage at 4.5° or 13°C growing temperatures and 18-hr photoperiods promoted flowering. Production of flowering bedding plants from seed required at least 9 months.
Effect of Sodium Chloride Levels on Four Foliage Plants Grown at Two Light Levels1
Authors: Nolan S. L. , Ashe T. H. , Lindstrom R. S. , Martens D. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Brassaia actinophylla Endl., Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd) G. Don ‘Perfection’, Maranta leuconeura var. kerchoviana E. Morr., and Stromanthe amabilis (Linden) E. Morr. were grown in an organic potting medium at either 325 μE m−2s−1 (16.1 klx) or 9 μE m−2s−1 (0.7 klx). Brassaia and Dieffenbachia height and dry weight were unaffected by NaCl levels with potting medium solution electrical conductivity (EC) values ranging from 2.5 to 10.2 mmho/cm under low light or from 0.5 to 5.2 mmho/cm under high light levels. Maranta dry weight was reduced and leaf necrosis was increased at an EC value of 4.2 mmho/cm when compared to lower EC values under low light; under high light, leaf necrosis was greater at EC values of 2.7 and 4.3 mmho/cm than at 0.5 mmho/cm. At low light levels, Stromanthe dry weight, leaf count, and leaf necrosis were unaffected by NaCl level, but at high light levels, shoot dry weight was reduced at media EC values above 0.5 mmho/cm.
Postharvest Effects of Temperatures during Simulated Transit on Quality Factors of Two Ficus Species1
Authors: Buck Tracey L. , Blessington Thomas M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina L. and Ficus lyrata Warb. were held at 4.4°, 21°, or 37°C during simulated transit (ST) for 3, 6, or 9 days. Both species were adversely affected during ST by 4.4° or 37°, with leaf loss increasing with exposure. Foliar damage was severe for all plants exposed to 37° for 6 or 9 days. Plant grade was lowest for both species when exposed to 37°. Plants held at 21° for 3, 6, or 9 days showed no foliar damage and only a slight loss of plant quality. After 8 weeks in a simulated interior environment (SIE), no plants had recovered from being held at 4.4° or 37° during ST, but showed even greater leaf loss and more severe foliar damage. Both species were lowest in dry weight and plant grade when held at 37° for 6 or 9 days. Chlorophyll content decreased as temperature increased from 4.4° to 21°.
Boron Toxicity and Growth Suppression of Forsythia and Thuja Grown in Mixes Amended with Municipal Waste Compost1
Authors: Lumis Glen P. , Johnson A. Gail 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shoot dry weight of container-grown Thuja occidentalis L. ‘Pyramidalis’, pyramid white cedar and Forsythia intermedia Zab. ‘Spectabilis’, showy border forsythia, was less in mixes containing municipal waste compost than in a moss peat:sand mix. Severe marginal leaf necrosis of Forsythia and browning of older shoot tips of Thuja occurred on plants in compost mixes. Accumulation of foliar B was 32 times greater in Forsythia and 4 times greater in Thuja grown in 1 compost: 1 sand than in 1 moss peat:l sand. Leaching reduced high salts but did not reduce B toxicity. Compost mixes subsided much more than the moss peat mix.
Key Events in the Seasonal Root Growth of Bermudagrass and St. Augustinegrass1
Authors: DiPaola J. M. , Beard J. B. , Brawand H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Root growth of St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Davy] (C-4 plants), show distinct seasonal patterns different from those of the cool-season perennial grasses (C-3 plants). Root growth continued after winter shoot dormancy occurred, and at soil temperatures below 10°C. Severe browning of the entire root system was observed just after spring shoot greenup followed by a delay of about 3 weeks in new root initiation and replacement, even though significant shoot development was occurring prior to this period of root initiation.
‘Autumn Sun’, ‘Cochran's Lavender’, ‘Pink Camellia’, and ‘Wolfpack Red’ Azaleas1
Authors: Bonaminio V. P. , Benson D. M. , Cochran F. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Autumn Sun’, ‘Cochran's Lavender’, ‘Pink Camellia’, and ‘Wolfpack Red’ azaleas [Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl.) Planch.] were released in 1981 by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. Stock plants were made available to commercial nurserymen for the purposes of propagation and distribution in the nursery industry.
Comparison of Undergraduate Horticulture and Agriculture Students at Southern Land-grant Universities1
Authors: Dunkelburger John E. , Ponder Harry G. , Molnar Joseph J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Compared to majors in agriculture as a whole, horticulture students were more likely to be female, to have a feeling that women have a place in agriculture, to have a higher grade point average, to come from larger high schools, to have transferred from another 4-year college, and to have changed majors. Horticulture students were less likely to have a farm background, to have parents with a farm background, to have farm work experience, and to have been primarily influenced by their parents on choice of major. Both groups had the same positive perception of agriculture as a career and both were financed during college by their parents.
An Inexpensive Controlled-temperature Chamber1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A device is described which maintains a set temperature ± 0.8°C from 5 to 30° above ambient in an inexpensive controlled-temperature chamber. Present construction cost is about $65. Ten chambers have performed satisfactorily during the past 3 years in research projects on chilling injury, seed germination, seeding growth, tissue culture growth, fruit storage, tree storage, and winter dormancy.
Inhibitory Effects of Confection Sunflower Hulls1
Authors: Nelson S. H. , Fedec P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sunflower hull material from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was unsuccessful as an amendment in potting mixtures because of inhibition to top and root growth. Aqueous and methanol extracts from sunflower hulls reduced the rate of germination with lettuce and radish seeds and reduced primary root elongation with lettuce in bioassay tests.