bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrixed modeling method and entropy generation minimization analysis of heat supply system based on standard thermal resistance
Authors: Ju Chenzhi , Tian Liang , Hao Junhong , Yang Yunxi , Ge Zhihua , Du Xiaoze 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComplex implicit expressions and many intermediate parameters are not conducive to the application of entropy generation optimization to the performance of thermal and energy systems from component and system perspectives. In this paper, we derived matrix heat transport equations of three primary heat exchanger networks according to the heat current method. Based on the matrix equations, we established the matrixed model of a typical heat supply system and obtained the corresponding matrix equation reflecting the power topology structure of the system. Moreover, we derived and reconstructed a single heat exchanger's entropy generation rate expression based on the standard thermal resistance, which was only related to inlet temperatures, structural parameters, and operating parameters. The total system entropy generation rate was then derived and minimized by the Lagrange multiplier method. The optimization results provided the optimal distribution of the mass flow rate of each fluid. Besides, the influence of the heat transfer rate and outer loop inlet temperature on the optimization results revealed that local equipment parameters and conditions could affect the system's minimum entropy generation. The total entropy generation rate decreases by 17.5% when the outer loop inlet temperature was increased from 274 to 280 K. In conclusion, the matrixed modeling and entropy generation analysis are feasible for thermal system modeling and optimization.
Energy‐efficient and sustainable supply chain in the manufacturing industry
Authors: Beheshtinia Mohammad Ali , Fathi Masood 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims at reducing energy consumption in supply chain networks by providing optimal integrated production and transportation scheduling. The considered supply chain consists of one main manufacturing center, multiple production units (i.e., suppliers), and multiple heterogeneous vehicles as the transportation fleet. To schedule this complex supply chain network in an energy‐efficient way, several decisions should be made concerning the assignment of orders to suppliers and determining their production sequence, splitting orders, assigning orders to vehicles, and assigning delivery priority to orders. To cope with the problem, a mixed‐integer linear programming model is presented. Due to the complexity of the problem, a novel development of the genetic algorithm named the Multiple Reference Group Genetic Algorithm (MRGGA) is also proposed. Four objectives are considered to be optimized to meet both suitability and energy‐efficiency aspects in the supply chain network. These optimization objectives are to minimize the total orders' delivery times to the manufacturing center, fuel consumption by the vehicles, energy consumption at supplies, and maximize orders' quality. To analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm, a real case and a set of generated instances are solved. The results obtained by the proposed algorithm are compared with an existing genetic algorithm in the literature. Moreover, the results are also compared with the optimal solutions obtained from the mathematical model for small‐size problems. The results of the comparisons show the efficiency of the proposed MRGGA in finding energy‐efficient solutions for the considered supply chain network.
New approach combining food value with nutrient budgeting provides insights into the value of alternative farming systems
Authors: Willoughby Catriona , Topp Cairistiona F. E. , Hallett Paul D. , Stockdale Elizabeth A. , Stoddard Frederick L. , Walker Robin L. , Hilton Alex J. , Watson Christine A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSustainable farming systems provide food for humans while balancing nutrient management. Inclusion or exclusion of livestock has nutrient management implications, as livestock produce food from otherwise inedible crops and their manure is a valuable soil conditioner. However, plant‐based diets are becoming more widespread due to perceived environmental benefits. We measure both food production in terms of nourishment to humans (in this study measured by protein, fat, starch and sugar production) and nutrient sustainability in terms of fertiliser use of six rotational farming systems with differences in nutrient management approaches. The arable practices included were the application of synthetic fertilisers, a range of organic amendments, incorporation of crop residues and legume cultivation. Livestock and associated products were included in some systems but excluded in others. The production of protein, fat, starch and sugar was combined with the balance of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) into an overall measure of nutrient use efficiency of human macronutrient production. Across all systems considered, N use efficiency (5–13 kg protein/kg applied N) was lower than P (84–772 kg protein/kg applied P) or K (63–2060 kg protein/kg applied K), and combining synthetic fertiliser use with organic amendment applications raised production significantly while balancing P and K management, regardless of which organic amendment was used. Legume‐supported rotations without livestock produced more protein, starch and sugar per unit area than those with livestock. Nutrient balances and nutrient use efficiencies were more sensitive to management changes than purely food production. Using this approach allowed us to identify areas for improvement in food production based on the specific nutritional value of offtakes as opposed to yield overall.
Diagnostic efficacy of positron emission computerized tomography scans in suspicious laryngeal findings postorgan preservation treatment
Authors: Warshavsky Anton , Holan Ariel , Muhanna Nidal , Oestraicher Yael , Nachalon Yuval , Kampel Liyona , Nard‐Carmel Narin , Chaushu Hen , Shapira Udi , Ungar Omer , Gutfeld Orit , Ospovat Inna , Oz Yasmin Natan , Even‐Sapir Einat , Horowitz Gilad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundLarynx preservation protocols (LPP) for glottic primary squamous cell carcinoma has gained popularity worldwide. Direct laryngoscopy (DL) with biopsy is mandated when recurrence is suspected. The efficacy of 18Fluoro‐deoxy‐glucose positron emission computerized tomography (PET‐CT) as alternative first‐line diagnostic investigation in suspected recurrence was evaluated.MethodsA retrospective study of patients with suspicious fiber‐optic findings at more than 12 weeks after LPP. Sensitivity, specificity, and the negative predictive value (NPV) of DL and PET‐CT were compared.ResultsSeventy‐two patients presenting 105 cases of suspicious events were included in this study. Fifty‐two events were initially investigated by DL and 53 events by PET‐CT. The sensitivity of DL and PET‐CT was 56.25% and 100%, respectively. The NPV was 84% for DL and 100% for PET‐CT (p = 0.015).ConclusionNegative PET scans after LPP are highly accurate in ruling out recurrent/persistent disease and may spare the patient from negative biopsies.
Postoperative analysis of osseous midface reconstructions: The value of imaging and a novel scoring system for complexity and operative success
Authors: Swendseid Brian , Philips Ramez H. W. , Carey Ryan M. , Cannady Steven B. , Sweeny Larissa , Wax Mark K. , Luginbuhl Adam J. , Curry Joseph M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew standardized methods exist for evaluating the postoperative outcomes of osteocutaneous free flaps. We propose an anatomic‐based scoring system for midface free flap reconstruction.MethodsOne hundred and twelve patients across four institutions underwent osteocutaneous reconstruction of the midface. Postoperative scans were scored based on the number of independent osseous subunits reconstructed (Subunit Score), the number of different bony appositions with bony contact (Contact Score), and the number of osseous segments in anatomic position (Position Score). These were added together to create a Total Score.ResultsOsteocutaneous radial forearm flaps had the lowest Subunit Score (p = 0.001). Fibula flaps had the highest Contact Score (p = 0.0008) and Position Score (p = 0.001). Virtual surgical planning was associated with an increased Subunit Score (p = 0.02) and Total Score (p = 0.04).ConclusionsWe propose a novel scoring system for osseous midface reconstruction based on postoperative imaging scans. This can help guide management decisions and create a common language to compare outcomes.
CFD analysis of a flat tube with semi‐circular fins using graphene nanofluid and to compare performance with square type of fins
Authors: Konni Ravi Raj , Kumar Ashutosh , Chand Prabha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCFD analysis on a flat tube with semi‐circular fins under laminar flow conditions was performed with graphene‐based nanofluids considering the nanofluids as incompressible. Different simulations were performed at four different concentrations of nanofluids (0.01%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%) and at different volume flow rates (4, 6, 8, and 10 LPM) and at four different forced convective heat transfer coefficients at different wind velocities at 300 K (50, 100, 150, and 200 W/m2 K). It was observed that with an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles in nanofluids, the thermal conductivity of base fluid water was increased (at 353 K the nanofluid of 0.4% volume concentration, the thermal conductivity of nanofluid increased by 200% with respect to base fluid). Graphene‐based nanofluids have higher effectiveness than most nanofluids hence it is considered for the analysis, at 0.4% concentration of nanofluid the effectiveness observed was 36.84% at 4 LPM, and for water, the effectiveness was 28.22% under similar conditions. The effect of flow rate on temperature drop was significant. At 4 LPM and at 0.4% of nanofluid, an outlet coolant temperature of 333 K was observed whereas the water outlet temperature at 10 LPM is 346.13 K. The effect of forced convective air heat transfer coefficient was significantly high. At h = 50 W/m2 K the outlet temperature of 0.4% nanofluid at 4 LPM was 345.25 K and at h = 200 W/m2 K, the outlet coolant temperature was 333.47 K. A single tube of the radiator was considered for the analysis whereas the original radiator consists of 50 tubes due to problems of Ansys in meshing.
Warming soil temperature and increasing baseflow in response to recent and potential future climate change across northern Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Lilhare Rajtantra , Déry Stephen J. , Stadnyk Tricia A. , Pokorny Scott , Koenig Kristina A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of climate change on the hydrology and soil thermal regime of 10 sub‐arctic watersheds (northern Manitoba, Canada) using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. We utilize statistically downscaled and bias‐corrected forcing datasets based on 17 general circulation model (GCM) ‐ representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to run the VIC model for three 30‐year periods: a historical baseline (1981–2010: 1990s), and future projections (2021–2050: 2030s and 2041–2070: 2050s), under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. Future warming increases the average soil column temperature by ~2.2°C in the 2050s and further analyses of soil temperature trends at three different depths show the most pronounced warming in the top soil layer (1.6°C 30‐year−1 in the 2050s). Trend estimates of mean annual frozen soil moisture fraction in the soil column show considerable changes from 0.02 30‐year−1 (1990s) to −0.11 30‐year−1 (2050s) across the study area. Soil column water residence time decreases significantly (by 5 years) during the 2050s when compared with the 1990s as soil thawing intensifies the infiltration process thereby contributing to faster conversion to baseflow. Future warming results in 40%–50% more baseflow by the 2050s, where it increases substantially by 19.7% and 46.3% during the 2030s and 2050s, respectively. These results provide crucial information on the potential future impacts of warming soil temperatures on the hydrology of sub‐arctic watersheds in north‐central Canada and similar hydro‐climatic regimes.
The role of inflammatory miRNA–mRNA interactions in PBMCs of colorectal cancer and obesity patients
Authors: Gholami Morteza , Zoughi Marziyeh , Larijani Bagher , Abdollahzadeh Rasoul , Taslimi Reza , Rahmani Zeinab , Kazemeini Alireza , Behboo Roobic , Razi Farideh , Bastami Milad , Hasani‐Ranjbar Shirin , Amoli Mahsa M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionInflammation is a critical hallmark in obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate effective microRNA (miRNA)–messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions on inflammatory networks involved in obesity and CRC.MethodsThe literature searches were applied to identify genes expression reported on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and/or blood of CRC subjects and to find inflammatory miRNA in blood samples. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was utilized to find inflammatory miRNA:mRNA interactions of the genes. Finally, a case‐control study was set to investigate the expression of LAMC1 and GNB3 genes besides miR‐10b, miR‐506‐3p, miR‐150‐5p, and miR‐124‐3p in CRC and control subjects.ResultsThe expression of LAMC1 gene in healthy control groups was associated with body mass index (BMI) (p < .05). The level of miR‐10b (p < .001), miR‐506 (p < .001), and miR‐124 (p <. 001) were significantly increased in PBMCs of CRC patients, while they were not associated with BMI. The level of miR‐150 was associated with BMI in healthy subjects (p < .05).ConclusionsThe changes in the level of miR‐506 and miR‐124 in CRC patients may be associated with the regulatory role of these miRNAs on LAMC1 expression. The LAMC1 may be related to BMI, however, more observational studies on other populations are needed.
Effect of regulating macrophage polarization phenotype on intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Hou Xuefeng , Shen Yucheng , Sun Minli , Zhang Bing , Dai Jiuming , Chen Dong , Liu Zhidong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMacrophages are the only inflammatory cells that can penetrate the closed nucleus pulposus and their polarization plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). This paper attempted to investigate the pathogenesis of IVDD by altering the polarization state of macrophages.MethodsMacrophage RAW264.7 cells were induced by interferonγ (IFN‐γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The polarization of RAW264.7 cells was estimated by western blot and immunofluorescence. The expressions of inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Subsequently, RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of minocycline (Mino) and sinomenine (Sino), followed by the assessment of cell viability with cell counting kit‐8 kit. Then, RAW264.7 cell culture medium was collected for the culture of human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Toluidine blue staining and type II collagen staining were applied to assay the level of type II collagen. The cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide (NO) level were appraised by TUNEL, oxidative stress kits and NO kit, respectively. Western blot was employed to test the levels of apoptosis‐ and oxidative stress‐related proteins.ResultsIFN‐γ and LPS could induce M1 polarization of RAW264.7 cells. Mino and Sino could reduce the polarization of RAW264.7 cells toward M1. M1‐polarized medium inhibited LPS‐induced activity, inflammation, and damage of NPCs, which were enhanced by Mino and Sino in medium.ConclusionM1 polarization of macrophages promoted LPS‐induced inflammation and damage of NPCs.
Immune cell C/EBPβ deficiency is associated with hepatic mononuclear defects and spontaneous hepatitis but not steatohepatitis induced liver fibrosis
Authors: Moshkovits Itay , Kaminitz Ayelet , Reuveni Debby , Pasmanik‐Chor Metsada , Brazowski Eli , Mildner Alexander , Leutz Achim , Zigmond Ehud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor known to be involved in macrophage differentiation and function, steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.MethodsImmune restricted C/EBPβ deficient and control mice were investigated in steady‐state and in the CDA‐HFD steatohepatitis model. Mice were assessed for weight change, liver biochemical profile, histology and hepatic phagocytes composition.ResultsFlow cytometry analysis of hepatic nonparenchymal cells revealed reduced numbers of hepatic monocytes and Kupffer cells and an increase in hepatic MHC class II positive myeloid cells in immune cells restricted C/EBPβ deficient mice. Immune‐restricted C/EBPβ deficiency resulted in decreased weight gain and appearance of mild spontaneous liver inflammation. Nevertheless, In the CDA‐HFD steatohepatitis model, immune restricted C/EBPβ deficient and proficient mice exhibit similar grade of hepatic steatosis, liver enzymes levels and fibrosis stage.ConclusionsImmune‐restricted C/EBPβ deficiency leads to significant alteration in hepatic mononuclear phagocytes composition associated with spontaneous mild hepatitis. Steatohepatitis associated fibrosis is not dependent on C/EBPβ expression by immune cells.
Tranexamic acid at cesarean delivery: Drug‐error deaths
Authors: Moran Neil F. , Bishop David G. , Fawcus Susan , Morris Edward , Shakur‐Still Haleema , Devall Adam J. , Gallos Ioannis D. , Widmer Mariana , Oladapo Olufemi T. , Coomarasamy Arri , Hofmeyr G. Justus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of tranexamic acid for postpartum hemorrhage has entered obstetrical practice globally with the evidence‐based expectation of saving lives. This improvement in the care of women with postpartum hemorrhage has come at a price. For the anesthetist, having tranexamic acid ampoules close at hand would seem an obvious strategy to facilitate its use during cesarean delivery, an important setting for severe hemorrhage. Tragically, we have identified a number of recent instances of inadvertent intrathecal administration of tranexamic acid instead of local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia. Reported cases of this catastrophic error seem to be increasing. The profound neurotoxicity of tranexamic acid causes rapid‐onset convulsions, with mortality of 50%. How can these tragic errors be averted? Drug safety alerts have been issued by the US Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization, but that is not enough. We recommend extensive dissemination of information to raise awareness of this potential hazard, and local hospital protocols to ensure that tranexamic acid is stored separately from anesthetic drugs, preferably outside the operating room and with an auxiliary warning label. Implementation of safety strategies on a very large scale will be needed to ensure that the life‐saving potential of tranexamic acid is not eclipsed by drug‐error mortality.
Toward equitable and inclusive school practices: Expanding approaches to “research with” young people
Authors: Cook‐Sather Alison 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis commentary links child‐family research to the systematic inquiry approaches under the umbrellas of student voice and youth participatory action research. It reviews the underlying premises of the latter two bodies of work, including recognizing young people as knowers, partners, and change agents through conducting research with rather than on children and youth. It highlights how the articles included in this special issue challenge us to consider literacy not simply as a language competency but also as a life capacity that must be developed in relationship and in real, sometimes devastating, and always complex, human circumstances. The commentary concludes with a call to pursue multiple forms of literacy and linguistic justice through valuing young people's multilingual and multimodal linguistic practices, honoring their diverse forms of perception and expression, and recognizing the rich insights and recommendations for practice they provide to those who work in school contexts.
Oncolytic virus preclinical toxicology studies
Authors: Rasa Agnija , Alberts Pēteris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the ever‐emerging concerns of patient safety during medical care, the search for treatments as safe as possible is a priority, especially when focusing on cancer treatment of which therapies often go hand in hand with severe side effects. Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging treatment for cancer that is promising in both safety and efficacy. Many currently ongoing clinical trials demonstrate the growing interest in this field. To conduct clinical trials, preclinical studies are mandatory; however, there are not many reviews of toxicology studies on oncolytic virus therapies. This article summarizes the preclinical toxicology studies of the most well studied oncolytic viruses, including Oncorine, Talimogene laherparepvec, Cavatak, ONYX‐015, teserpaturev and Rigvir, a non‐pathogenic ECHO‐7 virus. It is concluded that oncolytic viruses have been shown to have low toxicity and high tolerability in preclinical toxicology studies.
What determines the financial performance micro or macro antecedents: A case of Indian general insurance
Authors: Sasidharan Soumya , Ranjith V.K. , Prabhuram Sunitha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe insurance industry is vital to any economy, particularly a country's financial market. The attempt to investigate the economic performance of the insurance firms is due to a lack of empirical research in the general insurance sector in India on the economic performance of insurance organizations concentrating on firm‐specific and external aspects. Therefore, the Insurance companies in India were studied using econometric panel data of 21 firms for ten years, from 2010–2011 to 2019–2020. Firm‐specific factors (firm size, financial leverage, retention ratio, liquidity, premium growth rate, loss ratio, re‐insurance dependence, and macroeconomic factors (market share, GDP per capita, and inflation) are included in the model. Findings revealed that retention ratio, premium growth, and market share significantly positively affect the ROA while, on the other hand, loss ratio, liquidity, and inflation significantly negatively affect the profitability (ROA). Other factors, including size, re‐insurance dependence, leverage ratio, and GDP per capita, have no significant impact on insurance firms’ profitability (ROA). Furthermore, the variables that significantly affect the performance in terms of ROE are financial leverage and market share, holding a positive impact. And firm size shows an inverse relationship with ROE.