bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L-band spectroscopy of young brown dwarfs
Authors: Beiler Samuel A , Allers Katelyn N , Cushing Michael , Faherty Jacqueline , Marley Mark , Skemer Andrew 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a L-band (2.98–3.96 $\mu$m) spectroscopic study of eight young L dwarfs with spectral types ranging from L2 to L7. Our spectra (λ/Δλ ≈ 250–600) were collected using the Gemini near-infrared spectrograph. We first examine the young L-band spectral sequence, most notably analysing the evolution of the Q-branch of methane absorption feature at 3.3 $\mu$m. We find the Q-branch feature first appears between L3 and L6, as previously seen in older field dwarfs. Secondly, we analyse how well various atmospheric models reproduce the Lband and published near-IR (0.7–2.5 $\mu$m) spectra of our objects by fitting five different grids of model spectra to the data. Best-fit parameters for the combined near-IR and L-band data are compared to best-fit parameters for just the near-IR data, isolating the impact that the addition of the L band has on the results. This addition notably causes a ∼100 K drop in the best-fit effective temperature. Also, when clouds and a vertical mixing rate (Kzz) are included in the models, thick clouds, and higher Kzz values are preferred. Five of our objects also have previously published effective temperatures and surface gravities derived using evolutionary models, age estimates, and bolometric luminosities. Comparing model spectra matching these parameters to our spectra, we find disequilibrium chemistry and clouds are needed to match these published effective temperatures. Three of these objects are members of AB Dor, allowing us to show the temperature dependence of the Q-branch of methane.
Spin alignment around TNG300-1 voids
Authors: Dávila-Kurbán Federico , Lares Marcelo , Lambas Diego Garcia 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Using a new statistical approach, we study the alignment signal of galactic spins with respect to the centre of voids identified in the TNG300-1 simulation. We explore this signal in different samples of galaxies, varying their distance from the void centre, mass, spin norm, local density, and velocity. We find a strong tendency (&gt;9σ) of massive, high-spin, and low-radial velocity galaxies to be aligned perpendicularly to the void-centric direction in a wide range of distances corresponding to 0.9–1.4 void radii. Furthermore, we find that in these subdense environments, local density is irrelevant in the amplitude of spin alignment, while the largest impact is associated to the galaxy void-centric radial velocity in the sense that those at the lowest expansion rate are more strongly aligned perpendicularly to the centre of the void. Our results suggest that further analysis focused at understanding intrinsic alignments and their relation to large-scale structures may probe key for weak lensing studies in upcoming large surveys, such as Euclid and LSST.
Formation of biogenic tellurium nanorods in unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Takada Shohei , Tanaka Yu-ki , Kumagai Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Keita , Hokura Akiko , Ogra Yasumitsu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Tellurium (Te) is an industrially useful element but causes environmental contamination. The formation of biogenic Te nanorods (Te-BgNRs) in plants is one of the Te detoxification pathways associated with the phytoremediation of Te because Te-BgNRs contain low-toxicity Te at high densities. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Te-BgNR formation in a common unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, on the basis of elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After exposure to 1000 μM sodium tellurate (Na2TeO4) for 2 weeks, the alga accumulated 65.2 fg of Te per cell, and 55.8% of which was present in an insoluble form. Electron microscopic observations revealed that the insoluble Te was rod-shaped elemental Te, i.e. Te-BgNRs, and had a highly crystalline nanostructure. We determined the Te contents in Te-BgNRs by single-particle ICP-MS analysis and found that these nanorods were formed at tellurate exposure concentrations of 100 to 1000 μM. In contrast, soluble Te compounds were found in algal cells even at exposure concentrations lower than 100 μM. These findings suggest that the algal cells initially metabolized tellurate to form soluble Te compounds, and excess tellurate that could not be metabolized was then transformed to Te-BgNRs, which are less toxic than tellurate. Our findings provide a novel approach to Te remediation through the formation of BgNRs in C. reinhardtii.
Risk of glomerular diseases, proteinuria and hematuria following mRNA (BNT162b2) and inactivated (CoronaVac) SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: Cheng Franco Wing Tak , Wong Carlos King Ho , Qin Simon Xiwen , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Li Xue , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Chan Esther W , Au Chi Ho , Ye Xuxiao , Tang Sydney Chi Wai , Wong Ian Chi Kei 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
With accruing case reports on de novo or relapsing glomerular diseases (GD) following different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, we evaluated the risk of GD following BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines.

Methods
A modified self-controlled case series analysis was conducted using anonymized, territory-wide SARS-CoV-2 vaccination records in Hong Kong. All Hong Kong residents aged 18 years or above with outcomes of interest were included. Outcomes of interest were GD, proteinuria or hematuria within 42 days following each dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Incidence per 100 000 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines administered was calculated, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using conditional Poisson regression with seasonality adjustment.

Results
Between 23 February 2021 and 31 March 2022, 4062 patients had an incident diagnosis of GD, proteinuria or hematuria, with 2873 of them being vaccinated during the observation period. The incidences of the composite events 1–41 days after vaccination were 3.7 (95% CI 3.1–4.4) per 100 000 doses of BNT162b2 administered, and 6.5 (95% CI 5.7–7.5) per 100 000 doses CoronaVac administered. There was no significant increase in the risks of composite events following the first (BNT162b2: IRR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.56–1.03; CoronaVac: IRR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.72–1.19), second (BNT162b2: IRR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.72–1.17; CoronaVac: IRR = 0.88. 95% CI 0.68–1.14) or third (BNT162b2: IRR = 0.39. 95% CI 0.15–1.03; CoronaVac: IRR = 1.18. 95% CI 0.53–2.63) dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Conclusions
There was no evidence of increased risks of de novo or relapsing GD with either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines.
Noninvasive approaches to detect methylation-based markers to monitor gliomas
Authors: Noushmehr Houtan , Herrgott Grayson , Morosini Natalia S , Castro Ana Valeria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current approaches used to detect glioma tissue-derived DNA methylation markers in liquid biopsy specimens with the aim to diagnose, prognosticate and potentially track treatment response and evolution of patients with gliomas.
Tapping into the genome: the role of CSF ctDNA liquid biopsy in glioma
Authors: Friedman Joshua S , Hertz Charli Ann J , Karajannis Matthias A , Miller Alexandra M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel noninvasive tool in cancer diagnostics. While significant strides have been made in other malignancies using liquid biopsy for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and treatment selection, development of these assays has been more challenging for brain tumors. Recently, research in primary and metastatic brain tumors has begun to harness the potential utility of liquid biopsy—particularly using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Initial studies to identify ctDNA in plasma of brain tumor patients have shown feasibility, but the yield of ctDNA is far below that for other malignancies. Attention has therefore turned to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a more robust source of ctDNA. This review discusses the unique considerations in liquid biopsy for glioma and places them in the context of the work to date. We address the utility of CSF liquid biopsy for diagnosis, longitudinal monitoring, tracking tumor evolution, clinical trial eligibility, and prognostication. We discuss the differences in assay requirements for each clinical application to best optimize factors such as efficacy, cost, and speed. Ultimately, CSF liquid biopsy has the potential to transform how we manage primary brain tumor patients.
A hitchhiker’s guide to cell-free DNA biology
Authors: Mouliere Florent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive window to the cancer genome and physiology. In particular, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a versatile analyte for guiding treatment, monitoring treatment response and resistance, tracking minimal residual disease, and detecting cancer earlier. Despite certain successes, brain cancer diagnosis is amongst those applications that has so far resisted clinical implementation. Recent approaches have highlighted the clinical gain achievable by exploiting cfDNA biological signatures to boost liquid biopsy or unlock new applications. However, the biology of cfDNA is complex, still partially understood, and affected by a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This guide will provide the keys to read, decode, and harness cfDNA biology: the diverse sources of cfDNA in the bloodstream, the mechanism of cfDNA release from cells, the cfDNA structure, topology, and why accounting for cfDNA biology matters for clinical applications of liquid biopsy.
Vitamin D deficiency in nursing home residents: a systematic review
Authors: Feehan Orlagh , Magee Pamela J , Pourshahidi L Kirsty , Armstrong David J , McSorley Emeir M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Context
Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, particularly in nursing home residents.

Objective
This review critically summarizes the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in nursing home residents worldwide. In addition, it outlines the effect of vitamin D intervention, alone or in combination with other nutrients or therapies, on improving vitamin D status and associated health outcomes in nursing home residents.

Data Sources, Extraction, and Analysis
Searches were conducted of electronic databases for articles published from 2010 to May 2021. After screening of the 366 papers initially identified, 58 articles were included.

Conclusions
A paucity of observational studies in nursing homes suggests a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 8% [25(OH)D &lt;25 nmol/L], up to 94% [25(OH)D &lt;50 nmol/L] in some cohorts where supplement use was low. Reported factors associated with deficiency and suboptimal vitamin D status include lack of sunlight exposure, poor dietary intake of vitamin D, limited vitamin D food fortification, frailty, poor renal function, and low use of vitamin D supplements. Residents who are severely deficient, deficient, or insufficient in vitamin D require remedial vitamin D supplementation prior to maintenance supplementation at doses &gt;800 IU/day. High-dose vitamin D supplementation may reduce respiratory illness; however, supportive data are limited. Oral nutritional supplements, in combination with exercise, may benefit physical function and performance, whereas supplementation with vitamin D– and calcium-fortified foods has been associated with improved quality of life and reduced bone resorption. Globally, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in nursing home residents. There is an urgent need for standardized dietary and supplementation guidelines to prevent deficiency in this vulnerable group.
Assessment of Infectious Diseases Risks From Dental Aerosols in Real-World Settings
Authors: Choudhary Shruti , Bach Tracey , Wallace Meghan A , Stoeckel Daniel C , Thornhill Martin H , Lockhart Peter B , Kwon Jennie H , Liang Stephen Y , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Biswas Pratim , Steinkamp Heidi M , Durkin Michael J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfectious diseases physicians are leaders in assessing the health risks in a variety of community settings. An understudied area with substantial controversy is the safety of dental aerosols. Previous studies have used in vitro experimental designs and/or indirect measures to evaluate bacteria and viruses from dental surfaces. However, these findings may overestimate the occupational risks of dental aerosols. The purpose of this study was to directly measure dental aerosol composition to assess the health risks for dental healthcare personnel and patients.MethodsWe used a variety of aerosol instruments to capture and measure the bacterial, viral, and inorganic composition of aerosols during a variety of common dental procedures and in a variety of dental office layouts. Equipment was placed in close proximity to dentists during each procedure to best approximate the health risk hazards from the perspective of dental healthcare personnel. Devices used to capture aerosols were set at physiologic respiration rates. Oral suction devices were per the discretion of the dentist.ResultsWe detected very few bacteria and no viruses in dental aerosols—regardless of office layout. The bacteria identified were most consistent with either environmental or oral microbiota, suggesting a low risk of transmission of viable pathogens from patients to dental healthcare personnel. When analyzing restorative procedures involving amalgam removal, we detected inorganic elements consistent with amalgam fillings.ConclusionsAerosols generating from dental procedures pose a low health risk for bacterial and likely viral pathogens when common aerosol mitigation interventions, such as suction devices, are employed.
Tumor Growth Rate Informs Treatment Efficacy in Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Application of a Growth and Regression Model to Pivotal Trial and Real-World Data
Authors: Yeh Celine , Zhou Mengxi , Sigel Keith , Jameson Gayle , White Ruth , Safyan Rachael , Saenger Yvonne , Hecht Elizabeth , Chabot John , Schreibman Stephen , Juzyna Béata , Ychou Marc , Conroy Thierry , Fojo Tito , Manji Gulam A , Von Hoff Daniel , Bates Susan E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMethods for screening agents earlier in development and strategies for conducting smaller randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed.MethodsWe retrospectively applied a tumor growth model to estimate the rates of growth of pancreatic cancer using radiographic tumor measurements or serum CA 19-9 values from 3033 patients with stages III-IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) who were enrolled in 8 clinical trials or were included in 2 large real-world data sets.Resultsg correlated inversely with overall survival (OS) and was consistently lower in the experimental arms than in the control arms of RCTs. At the individual patient level, g was significantly faster for lesions metastatic to the liver relative to those localized to the pancreas. Regardless of regimen, g increased toward the end of therapy, often by more than 3-fold.ConclusionsGrowth rates of PDAC can be determined using radiographic tumor measurement and CA 19-9 values. g is inversely associated with OS and can differentiate therapies within the same trial and across trials. g can also be used to characterize changes in the behavior of an individual’s PDAC, such as differences in the growth rate of lesions based on metastatic site and the emergence of chemoresistance. We provide examples of how g can be used to benchmark phase II and III clinical data to a virtual reference arm to inform go/no go decisions and consider novel trial designs to optimize and accelerate drug development.
Truth from the Agent Point of View
Authors: Shields Matthew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractI defend a novel pragmatist account of truth that I call ‘truth from the agent point of view’ or ‘agential truth’, drawing on insights from Hilary Putnam. According to the agential view, as inquirers, when we take something to be truth-apt, we are taking ourselves and all other thinkers to be accountable to getting right a shared target that is independent of any individual's or community's view of that target. That we have this relationship to truth is what enables our practices of disagreement and agreement, even when subject to the glare of self-conscious reflection, and represents a crucial ingredient in our capacity for rational thought. The resulting account shares elements with Huw Price's and Cheryl Misak's views, but also has important advantages over both. It also yields a surprising conclusion—that our best pragmatist account of truth may well be a version of the correspondence theory of truth.
Improved guideline adherence in oncology through clinical decision-support systems: still hindered by current health IT infrastructures?
Authors: Voigt Wieland , Trautwein Martin 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Despite several efforts to enhance guideline adherence in cancer management, the rate of adherence remains often dissatisfactory in clinical routine. Clinical decision-support systems (CDSS) have been developed to support the management of cancer patients by providing evidence-based recommendations. In this review, we focus on both current evidence supporting the beneficial effects of CDSS on guideline adherence as well as technical and structural requirements for CDSS implementation in clinical routine.

Recent findings
Some studies have demonstrated a significant improvement of guideline adherence by CDSSs in oncologic diseases such as breast cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in the management of cancer pain. However, most of these studies were rather small and designs rather simple. One reason for this limited evidence might be that CDSSs are only occasionally implemented in clinical routine. The main limitations for a broader implementation might lie in the currently existing clinical data infrastructures that do not sufficiently allow CDSS interoperability as well as in some CDSS tools themselves, if handling is hampered by poor usability.

Summary
In principle, CDSSs improve guideline adherence in clinical cancer management. However, there are some technical und structural obstacles to overcome to fully implement CDSSs in clinical routine.
RISK FACTORS OF VISION LOSS AND MULTIPLE RECURRENCES IN MYOPIC MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , L T De Felice Elisabetta , La Franca Lamberto , Rabiolo Alessandro , Marchese Alessandro , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Introini Ugo , Bandello Francesco 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:To investigate the factors associated with maximum visual improvement (peak vision) gain and the risk factors of peak vision loss and multiple recurrences in myopic macular neovascularization undergoing antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy.Methods:Retrospective study of 310 eyes with active myopic macular neovascularization and median follow-up of 3.5 years. We defined peak vision gain as the maximum best-corrected visual acuity value reached under treatment and peak vision loss as best-corrected visual acuity never scoring as peak vision. We used multiple-event Prentice, Williams, and Peterson models to compute recurrences' incidence and Cox regression to identify risk factors for peak vision gain, peak vision loss, and multiple recurrences.Results:Eyes with worse baseline best-corrected visual acuity {hazard ratio (HR) = 2.59 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–4.11) for 0.1 logMAR increase,P< 0.001} had higher chance to achieve peak vision. Peak vision was lost in 162 eyes (52%). Older age (HR = 1.22 [95% CI: 1.02–1.43] for 10-year increase,P= 0.02) and recurrences (HR = 1.10 [95% CI: 1.01–1.22] for event,P= 0.04) predicted nonsustained peak vision. Older age (HR = 1.13 [95% CI: 1.04–1.27] for 10-year increase,P= 0.006), larger myopic macular neovascularization (HR = 1.06 [95% CI: 1.01–1.13] for 1-mm2increase,P= 0.04), and juxtafoveal location (HR = 1.88 [95% CI: 1.28–2.77] vs. extrafoveal,P= 0.001) predicted multiple recurrences.Conclusion:Myopic macular neovascularization eyes lose vision mainly because of multiple recurrences. Patients at risk for recurrences should undergo more attentive monitoring to avoid vision loss.
Personalized cancer care
Authors: Doyle-Lindrud Susan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 has led to the development of molecular profiling platforms that have changed the trajectory of cancer care. These technologies continue to advance, and with the development of next-generation sequencing, targeted gene panels are now commercially available to analyze DNA, RNA, and protein biomarkers and can detect germline (inherited) and somatic (acquired) mutations through genomic profiling of tumor tissue and/or blood. These targeted panels are useful in practice and can affect clinical decision making. The results of molecular profiling can lead to an increasing number of FDA approved treatment options and/or clinical trial opportunities with novel drugs linked to these alterations, most notably in more advanced disease. This ability to individualize treatment options has led to precision medicine, providing a more personalized approach to cancer care.
Changes in Sexual Behavior Over the COVID-19 Pandemic Among a Community-Based Cohort of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Columbus, Ohio
Authors: Ricks JaNelle M. , Spahnie Morgan , Matthews Amiah , Copen Casey E. , Rushmore Julie , Bernstein Kyle T. , Miller William C. , Turner Abigail N. 
Published: November 2022

Background
The purpose was to assess COVID-19 beliefs and attitudes and examine COVID-19–related changes in sexual behavior of men who have sex with men during 3 time periods: April–July 2020 (T1), August–December 2020 (T2), January–May 2021 (T3).

Methods
Data were analyzed from 157 men who have sex with men in Ohio recruited to participate in a longitudinal multisite network study of syphilis epidemiology in 3 US cities: Columbus, Ohio; Baltimore, Maryland; and Chicago, Illinois. In April 2020, a COVID-19 module was appended to existing baseline and follow-up surveys to assess beliefs, attitudes, and changes in sexual behavior. Sample characteristics were summarized. Correlations between demographic variables (age, racial identity) and COVID-19 outcomes were examined.

Results
In response to COVID-19 social distancing restrictions and self-reported anxiety, some men limited sexual activity at T1, but the majority (n = 105 [67%]) continued to engage in sex. The number of men engaging in sex increased over time (T2: n = 124 [79%]; T3: n = 121 [77%]). At T1, men not in a relationship more frequently reported having less sex compared with prepandemic (n = 39 [57%]). By T3, men in a relationship more frequently reported less sex (n = 32 [54%]). Increased anxiety about sex and condom use was positively correlated with identifying as a man of color (P < 0.001). Most of the sample reported either starting or increasing online sexual activity during each time period.

Conclusions
Future efforts to target sexual health during a pandemic or other health emergencies should prioritize men of color and address the unique perspective of both single and partnered men.