bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic cat embryos reveal unique transcriptomes of developing incisor, canine, and premolar teeth
Authors: Woodruff Emily D. , Kircher Bonnie K. , Armfield Brooke A. , Levy Julie K. , Bloch Jonathan I. , Cohn Martin J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDivision of the dentition into morphologically distinct classes of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) and the acquisition of tribosphenic molars facilitated precise occlusion between the teeth early in mammal evolution. Despite the evolutionary and ecological importance of distinct classes of teeth with unique cusp, crest, and basin morphologies, relatively little is known about the genetic basis for the development of different tooth classes within the embryo. Here we investigated genetic differences between developing deciduous incisor, canine, and premolar teeth in the domestic cat (Felis catus), which we propose to be a new model for tooth development. We examined differences in both developmental timing and crown morphology between the three tooth classes. Using RNA sequencing of early bell stage tooth germs, we showed that each of the three deciduous tooth classes possess a unique transcriptional profile. Three notable groups of genes emerged from our differential expression analysis; genes involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM), Wnt pathway signaling, and members of multiple homeobox gene families (Lhx, Dlx, Alx, and Nkx). Our results suggest that ECM genes may play a previously under‐appreciated role in shaping the surface of the tooth crown during development. Differential regulation of these genes likely underlies differences in tooth crown shape and size, although subtle temporal differences in development between the tooth germs could also be responsible. This study provides foundational data for future experiments to examine the function of these candidate genes in tooth development to directly test their potential effects on crown morphology.
Downregulation of indolethylamine N‐methyltransferase is an early event in the rat hepatocarcinogenesis and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: López‐Torres Carlos David , Torres‐Mena Julia Esperanza , Castro‐Gil María Paulette , Villa‐Treviño Saúl , Arellanes‐Robledo Jaime , del Pozo‐Yauner Luis , Pérez‐Carreón Julio Isael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, often preceded by cirrhosis and usually diagnosed at advanced stages; therefore, identifying molecular changes at early stages is an attractive strategy for detection and timely treatment. Here, we investigated the progressive transcriptomic changes during experimental hepatocarcinogenesis to identify novel early tumor markers in an HCC model induced by chronic administration of sublethal doses of diethylnitrosamine. An analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that four processes associated with oxidation–reduction and detoxification were significantly over‐represented during hepatocarcinogenesis progression, of which the Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2 Like 2 pathway showed several dysregulated genes. Interestingly, we also identified 91 genes dysregulated at early HCC stages, but the expression of the indolethylamine N‐methyltransferase gene (INMT), as well as the level of its encoding protein, were strongly downregulated. INMT was increased in perivenular hepatocytes of normal livers but decreased in livers of experimental HCC. Furthermore, a gene expression and survival analysis performed using data from the liver hepatocellular carcinoma project of The Cancer Genome Atlas Program revealed that INMT is also significantly downregulated in human HCC and is associated with poor overall survival. In conclusion, by performing a transcriptome analysis of the HCC progression, we identified that INMT is early downregulated in the rat hepatocarcinogenesis and is associated with poor prognosis in human HCC, suggesting that INMT downregulation may be a promising prognostic marker for HCC in high‐risk populations.
IL-17A aggravates asthma-induced intestinal immune injury by promoting neutrophil trafficking
Authors: Hong Yanfei , Chu Zhulang , Kong Jingwei , Li Qiuyi , Li Na , Liu Liting , Wu Tong , Liu Jiajing , Ge Dongyu , Li Jie , Peng Guiying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the concept of the gut–lung axis reinforced in recent years, emerging evidence has shown that intestinal homeostasis is vital for lung health. Nevertheless, the impacts of lung homeostasis on intestinal tracts and their mechanism are rarely studied. Our results showed that papain-induced asthmatic mice exhibited apparent colonic injuries compared with controls, including increased intestinal permeability, neutrophil and Th17 infiltration in the colonic lamina propria. Moreover, the intranasal administration of papain aggravated such colonic injuries in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, as evidenced by increased occult blood scores, shortened colon length, and accumulated neutrophils. The level of IL-17A was also higher in the serum of asthmatic mice than wild-type mice. Interestingly, the pathologic scores, the proportion of Th17 cells, and neutrophil infiltration in the colon were markedly reduced after IL-17A blocking. Similarly, longer length, lower pathologic scores, and fewer neutrophils were also observed in the colon of IL-17-deficient asthmatic mice. More importantly, we demonstrated that severe gastrointestinal symptoms could accompany clinical asthmatics. The frequencies of Th17 cells and the mRNA expression of IL-17A in the peripheral blood of these patients were significantly enhanced. Besides, the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores positively correlated with the frequencies of Th17 in asthmatics. These findings enlighten that IL-17A aggravates asthma-induced intestinal immune injury by promoting neutrophil trafficking, which facilitates the exploration of new potential biomarkers to treat asthma.
Analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 coding variants as a risk factor for SARS‐CoV‐2 from 946 whole‐exome sequencing data in the Turkish population
Authors: Duman Nilgun , Tuncel Gulten , Bisgin Atil , Bozdogan Sevcan Tug , Sag Sebnem Ozemri , Gul Seref , Kiraz Aslihan , Balta Burhan , Erdogan Murat , Uyanik Bulent , Canbek Sezin , Ata Pinar , Geckinli Bilgen Bilge , Arslan Ates Esra , Alavanda Ceren , Yesim Ozdemir Sevda , Sezer Ozlem , Ozgon Gulay Oner , Gurkan Hakan , Guler Kubra , Boga Ibrahim , Kaya Niyazi , Alemdar Adem , Sayan Murat , Dundar Munis , Ergoren Mahmut Cerkez , Temel Sehime Gulsun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeterogeneity in symptoms associated with COVID‐19 in infected patients remains unclear. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene variants are considered possible risk factors for COVID‐19. In this study, a retrospective comparative genome analysis of the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 variants from 946 whole‐exome sequencing data was conducted. Allele frequencies of all variants were calculated and filtered to remove variants with allele frequencies lower than 0.003 and to prioritize functional coding variants. The majority of detected variants were intronic, only two ACE2 and three TMPRSS2 nonsynonymous variants were detected in the analyzed cohort. The main ACE2 variants that putatively have a protective or susceptibility effect on SARS‐CoV‐2 have not yet been determined in the Turkish population. The Turkish genetic makeup likely lacks any ACE2 variant that increases susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. TMPRSS2 rs75603675 and rs12329760 variants that were previously defined as common variants that have different allele frequencies among populations and may have a role in SARS‐CoV‐2 attachment to host cells were determined in the population. Overall, these data will contribute to the formation of a national variation database and may also contribute to further studies of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Turkish population and differences in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among other populations.
COVID‐19 vaccine breakthrough infection among fully vaccinated healthcare workers in Duhok governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Almufty Hind B. , Mamani Masoud M. Ameen , Ali Ali H. , Merza Muayad A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aims of this study were: to determine the incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection among vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs), assess risk factors associated with the vaccine breakthrough (BT), and compare the effectiveness of vaccine manufacturers against SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern among HCWs in Duhok governorate. It is a multicenter retrospective cohort study, which enrolled 944 HCWs through March 2022. COVID‐19 vaccinated HCWs aging 18 and above were included. A random sampling process was performed by asking the participants to fill out a standardized questionnaire by means of interviews or participant‐completed surveys. Fully vaccinated HCWs with positive polymerase chain reaction tests were considered to have vaccine BT infection. Two hundred and eighty‐four (30.1%) out of 944 vaccinated HCWs had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection postvaccination, of whom 241 (84.9%) were fully vaccinated, concluding that the incidence of BT infection is 25.5%. There were 422 (44.7%) males and 522 (55.3%) females. Most vaccine BT infections had developed in SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant (53.5%). The majority of BT infections were mild to moderate (95.5%). Occupation, namely dentist was a significant risk factor, with a p value of 0.001. HCWs with a history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection prevaccination were more prone to a vaccine BT infection (p value =0.002). Pfizer vaccine manufacturers revealed the highest effectiveness against BT infection (p value =0.0001). Paramedics showed a significant association with the disease severity (p value =0.02). The three available vaccine manufacturers in the Duhok governorate are effective against COVID‐19 BT infections. Dentists and paramedics were significantly associated with poor COVID‐19 outcomes.
Rhinovirus persistence during the COVID‐19 pandemic—Impact on pediatric acute wheezing presentations
Authors: Teo Kah Wee , Patel Deepa , Sisodia Shilpa , Roland Damian , Gaillard Erol A. , Tang Julian W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRhinoviruses have persisted throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic, despite other seasonal respiratory viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, human metapneumovirus) being mostly suppressed by pandemic restrictions, such as masking and other forms of social distancing, especially during the national lockdown periods. Rhinoviruses, as nonenveloped viruses, are known to transmit effectively via the airborne and fomite route, which has allowed infection among children and adults to continue despite pandemic restrictions. Rhinoviruses are also known to cause and exacerbate acute wheezing episodes in children predisposed to this condition. Noninfectious causes such as air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10) can also play a role. In this retrospective ecological study, we demonstrate the correlation between UK national sentinel rhinovirus surveillance, the level of airborne particulates, and the changing patterns of pediatric emergency department presentations for acute wheezing, before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2018–2021) in a large UK teaching hospital.
Relevant SARS‐CoV‐2 viremia is associated with COVID‐19 severity: Prospective cohort study and validation cohort
Authors: Cardeñoso Domingo Laura , Roy Vallejo Emilia , Zurita Cruz Nelly D. , Chicot Llano Marta , Ávalos Pérez‐Urria Elena , Barrios Ana , Hernando Santos Julia , Ortiz Javier , Rodríguez García Sebastián C. , Martín Ramírez Alexandra , Ciudad Sañudo Marianela , Marcos Celeste , García Castillo Elena , Fontán García‐Rodrigo Leticia , González Begoña , Méndez Rosa , Iturrate Isabel , Sanz García Ancor , Villa Almudena , Sánchez Azofra Ana , Quicios Begoña , Arribas David , Álvarez Rodríguez Jesús , Patiño Pablo , Trigueros Marina , Uriarte Miren , Triguero Martínez Ana , Arévalo Cristina , Galván Román José M. , García‐Vicuña Rosario , Ancochea Julio , Soriano Joan B. , Canabal Alfonso , Muñoz Calleja Cecilia , De la Cámara Rafael , Suarez Fernández Carmen , González Álvaro Isidoro , Rodríguez‐Serrano Diego A. ,   the PREDINMUN‐COVID Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly kinetics of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load (VL) in plasma determined by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was evaluated as a predictor of poor clinical outcome in a prospective study and assessed in a retrospective validation cohort. Prospective observational single‐center study including consecutive adult patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 between November 2020 and January 2021. Serial plasma samples were obtained until discharge. Quantitative RT‐PCR was performed to assess SARS‐CoV‐2 VL. The main outcomes were in‐hospital mortality, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and their combination (Poor Outcome). Relevant viremia (RV), established in the prospective study, was assessed in a retrospective cohort including hospitalized COVID‐19 patients from April 2021 to May 2022, in which plasma samples were collected according to clinical criteria. Prospective cohort: 57 patients were included. RV was defined as at least a twofold increase in VL within ≤2 days or a VL > 300 copies/ml, in the first week. Patients with RV (N = 14; 24.6%) were more likely to die than those without RV (35.7% vs. 0%), needed ICU admission (57% vs. 0%) or had Poor Outcome (71.4% vs. 0%), (p < 0.001 for the three variables). Retrospective cohort: 326 patients were included, 18.7% presented RV. Patients with RV compared with patients without RV had higher rates of ICU‐admission (odds ratio [OR]: 5.6 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–15.1); p = 0.001), mortality (OR: 13.5 [95% CI: 6.3–28.7]; p < 0.0001) and Poor Outcome (OR: 11.2 [95% CI: 5.8–22]; p < 0.0001). Relevant SARS‐CoV‐2 viremia in the first week of hospitalization was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, ICU admission, and Poor Outcome. Findings observed in the prospective cohort were confirmed in a larger validation cohort.
The Deltacron conundrum: Its origin and potential health risks
Authors: Farheen Saria , Araf Yusha , Tang Yan‐Dong , Zheng Chunfu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), since its outbreak in December 2019, has been capable of continuing the pandemic by mutating itself into different variants. Mass vaccinations, antibiotic treatment therapy, herd immunity, and preventive measures have reduced the disease's severity from the emerging variants. However, the virus is undergoing recombination among the current two variants: Delta and Omicron, resulting in a new variant, informally known as “Deltacron,” which was controversial as it might be a product of lab contamination between Omicron and Delta samples. However, the proclamation was proved wrong, and the experts are putting more effort into better understanding the variant's epidemiological characteristics to control potential outbreaks. This review has discussed the potential mutations in the novel variant and prospective risk factors and therapeutic options in the context of this new variant. This study could be used as a guide for implementing appropriate controls in a sudden outbreak of this new variant.
Tropical cyclone activity in the Solomon Islands region: Climatology, variability, and trends
Authors: Haruhiru Alick , Chand Savin S. , Turville Christopher , Ramsay Hamish 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines the climatology, variability, and trends of tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting the Solomon Islands (SI) territory, in the wider southwest Pacific (SWP), using the South Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC) database. During the period 1969/1970–2018/2019, 168 TCs were recorded in the SI territory. A cluster analysis is used to objectively partition these tracks into three clusters of similar TC trajectories to obtain better insights into the effects of natural climate variability, particularly due to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which otherwise is not very apparent for TCs when considered collectively in the SI region. We find that TCs in clusters 1 and 3 show enhanced activity during El Niño phase, whereas TCs in cluster 2 are enhanced during La Niña and neutral phases. In addition to being modulated by ENSO, TCs in clusters 2 and 3 show statistically significant modulation at an intraseasonal timescale due to the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) phenomenon. There are also some indications through sophisticated Bayesian modelling that TCs in clusters 2 and 3 are slightly influenced by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). These results can have substantial implications for cluster‐specific development of TC prediction schemes for the SI region.
Effect of soy protein isolate on physical properties of quinoa dough and gluten‐free bread quality characteristics
Authors: Bian Xin , Xing Tong‐Lin , Yang Yang , Fan Jing , Ma Chun‐Min , Liu Xiao‐Fei , Wang Yan , He Yin‐Yuan , Wang Li‐Dong , Wang Bing , Zhang Na 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinoa is a good gluten‐free resource for food processing, especially bread making, and can improve and prevent the development of complications associated with celiac disease (CD). However, lack of gluten affects quinoa bread quality. Previous research showed that soy protein isolate (SPI) could improve gluten‐free bread quality to some extent. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of SPI on the physical properties of quinoa dough and gluten‐free bread quality characteristics.RESULTSResults showed that, with appropriate SPI substitution, the farinograph properties of quinoa flour significantly improved (P < 0.05). The sample with 8% SPI substitution showed a better development time (DT, 3.30 ± 0.20 min), stability time (ST, 8.80 ± 0.10 min) and softening degree (SD, 8.80 ± 0.10 FU), which were close to those of wheat flour, although more water absorption (WA, 76.40 ± 2.10%) was needed than for wheat flour (66.30 ± 3.10%). The extensograph properties of quinoa flour also significantly improved after 8% SPI substitution (P < 0.05). Furthermore, SPI substitution increased G′ moduli of quinoa dough and decreased tan δ to some extent, providing better rheological properties closer to those of wheat dough. SPI substitution also improved the quality and texture of quinoa bread and reduced the gap with wheat bread. When SPI substitution was 8%, the specific volume, hardness and springiness of quinoa bread were 2.29 ± 0.05 mL g−1, 1496.47 ± 85.21 g and 0.71 ± 0.03%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that SPI substitution would be an effective way to develop higher‐quality gluten‐free bread. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of Intracranial Structures of Fetuses With Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Turgut Ezgi , Özdemir Halis , Turan Gokce , Karcaaltıncaba Deniz , Bayram Merih 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesWe classified congenital heart defects (CHDs) according to cerebral blood flow oxygenation and aimed to evaluate the effect on the size of brain structures in these fetuses.MethodsThe study which was designed retrospectively, included 28 patients with fetal CHDs and 76 patients without fetal anomalies.ResultsThe width and length of the cavum septum pellucidum significantly increased in the CHD group (P = .002, P = .004). The biparietal diameter and z scores were significantly lower in the single ventricle (SV) (P = .006, P = .019), and the head circumference (HC) and z scores were significantly lower in the transposition of great arteries (TGA) (P = .013, P = .038). The transverse cerebellar diameter, the cerebellar HC and the cerebellar hemisphere area values were lower in the SV (P = .005, P = .017, P = .044).ConclusionsBrain structure changes are more pronounced in groups with low cerebral oxygenation, especially in the SV and the TGA.
Management of patients with positive margin after conization for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Zhang Yingcui , Su Yuehui , Tang Yujie , Qin Lihong , Shen Yan , Wang Bingjie , Zhou Yingying , Zhang Mengzhen , Zhang Ting 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) in the treatment of patients with positive margin in comparison to regular follow‐up, and a repeat cervical conization.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using 83 patients with pathologically confirmed high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with a positive margin after conization. The management methods and patient prognosis were analyzed and compared.ResultsThirty‐five, 33, and 15 patients were treated for regular follow‐up, ALA‐PDT, and a repeat cervical conization, respectively. About 33.3% (5/15) patients had residual lesions of low‐grade CIN and above after recognization. The clinical characteristics of patients in the three groups were similar. The residual lesion rates of patients selected for follow‐up, ALA‐PDT, and recognization were 34.3% (12/35), 9.1% (3/33), and 0% (0/15), respectively, at 6‐month follow‐up (p = 0.004). The HPV clearance rates were 31.3%, 66.7%, and 84.6%, respectively (p = 0.01). Further analysis showed that a positive margin in the inscribed margin of the cervical canal (p = 0.022) and persistent HR‐HPV positive tests after initial conization (p = 0.003) significantly increased the risk of residual disease. At 2‐year follow‐up, the recurrence rates of lesions were 3.3% and 26.1% in the ALA‐PDT and follow‐up groups, respectively (p = 0.021). Notably, the recurrence rates were not significantly different between the ALA‐PDT and recognization groups (3.3% vs. 6.7%) (p = 0.561).ConclusionALA‐PDT is an effective treatment for patients with a positive margin after cervical conization for high‐grade CIN. Compared with regular follow‐up, ALA‐PDT can reduce residual and recurrence rate. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the efficacy between AlA‐PDT and recognization.
Primers for the Adhesion of Gellan Gum‐Based Hydrogels to the Cartilage: A Comparative Study
Authors: Trucco Diego , Riacci Laura , Vannozzi Lorenzo , Manferdini Cristina , Arrico Lorenzo , Gabusi Elena , Lisignoli Gina , Ricotti Leonardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA stable adhesion to the cartilage is a crucial requisite for hydrogels used for cartilage regeneration. Indeed, a weak interface between the tissue and the implanted material may produce a premature detachment and thus the failure of the regeneration processes. Fibrin glue, cellulose nanofibers and catecholamines have been proposed in the state‐of‐the‐art as primers to improve the adhesion. However, no studies focused on a systematic comparison of their performance. This work aims to evaluate the adhesion strength between ex vivo cartilage specimens and polysaccharide hydrogels (gellan gum and methacrylated gellan gum), by applying the mentioned primers as intermediate layer. Results show that the fibrin glue and the cellulose nanofibers improve the adhesion strength, while catecholamines do not guarantee reaching a clinically acceptable value. Stem cells embedded in gellan gum hydrogels reduce the adhesion strength when fibrin glue is used as a primer, being anyhow still sufficient for in vivo applications.