bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomics of developing wild sunflower seeds from the extreme ends of a latitudinal gradient differing in seed oil composition
Authors: Barnhart Max H. , McAssey Edward V. , Dittmar Emily L. , Burke John M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeed oil composition, an important agronomic trait in cultivated sunflower, varies latitudinally across the native range of its wild progenitor. This pattern is thought to be driven by selection for a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids in southern populations compared with northern populations, likely due to the different temperatures experienced during seed germination. To investigate whether these differences in fatty acid composition between northern and southern populations correspond to transcriptional variation in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, we sequenced RNA from developing seeds of sunflowers from Texas, USA, and Saskatchewan, Canada (the extreme ends of sunflower's latitudinal range) grown in a common garden. We found 4,741 genes to be differentially expressed between Texas and Canada, including several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Several differentially expressed lipid metabolism genes also colocalized with known oil quantitative trait loci (QTL). The genes producing stearoyl‐ACP‐desaturases (SAD) were of particular interest because of their known role in the conversion of fully saturated into unsaturated fatty acids. Two SAD genes were more highly expressed in seeds from Canadian populations, consistent with the observation of increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds from that region. We also constructed a gene co‐expression network to investigate regional variation in network modules. The results of this analysis revealed regional differentiation for eight of 12 modules but no clear relationship with oil biosynthesis. Overall, the differential expression of SAD genes offers a partial explanation for the observed differences in seed oil composition between Texas and Canada, while the expression patterns of other metabolic genes suggest complex regulation of fatty acid production and usage across latitudes.
Application Progress of Green Carbon Dots in Analysis and Detection
Authors: Ma Peirong , Zuo Jiale , Li Zheng , Xiao Douxin , Wu Haixia , Zhang Yanling , Dong Alideertu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGreen chemistry is currently attracting more and more attention due to its eco‐friendly, and green carbon dots (g‐CDs) are creating a research boom. The g‐CDs have huge application prospects in analysis and detection due to their excellent optical properties, high biocompatibility, and low toxicity compared to other fluorescent materials. Based on the study of g‐CDs, the optical properties, synthesis methods, surface modification methods, and sensing mechanisms of g‐CDs are outlined, and the application in analysis and detection of environmental, food, biomolecules, and other organic small molecules are reviewed. At the same time, the challenges faced by g‐CDs are outlined. This review provides valuable references for further research and wider application of g‐CDs.
In Situ Laser Light Scattering for Temporally and Locally Resolved Studies on Nanoparticle Trapping in a Gas Aggregation Source
Authors: Drewes Jonas , Rehders Stefan , Strunskus Thomas , Kersten Holger , Faupel Franz , Vahl Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGas phase synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) via magnetron sputtering in a gas aggregation source (GAS) has become a well‐established method since its conceptualization three decades ago. NP formation is commonly described in terms of nucleation, growth, and transport alongside the gas stream. However, the NP formation and transport involve complex non‐equilibrium processes, which are still the subject of investigation. The development of in situ investigation techniques such as UV–Vis spectroscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering enabled further insights into the dynamic processes inside the GAS and have recently revealed NP trapping at different distances from the magnetron source. The main drawback of these techniques is their limited spatial resolution. To understand the spatio‐temporal behavior of NP trapping, an in situ laser light scattering technique is applied in this study. By this approach, silver NPs are made visible inside the GAS with good spatial and temporal resolution. It is found that the argon gas pressure, as well as different gas inlet configurations, have a strong impact on the trapping behavior of NPs inside the GAS. The different gas inlet configurations not only affect the trapping of NPs, but also the size distribution and deposition rate of NPs.
Silver oxide nanostructures as a new trend to control strawberry charcoal rot induced by Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Derbalah Aly , Essa Tarek , Kamel Said Mohamed , Omara Reda Ibrahim , Abdelfatah Mahmoud , Elshaer Abdelhamed , Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSilver oxide (Ag2O) nanostructures were fabricated and their ability to induce antifungal activity against Macrophomina phaseolina, which causes charcoal rot disease in strawberries, was evaluated under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. A real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to monitor expression of defense‐related genes, which is essential to evaluate the potential of the manufactured nanoparticles to promote strawberry resistance against charcoal rot. The effect of Ag2O nanoparticles on growth characteristics in strawberry plants was also studied.RESULTSThe results showed that Ag2O significantly inhibited M. phaseolina growth compared with untreated controls under in vitro conditions. Strawberry plants treated with Ag2O showed a significant decrease in the severity of charcoal rot disease in the greenhouse compared with untreated plants. Strawberry plants treated with Ag2O nanoparticles expressed defense gene (PR‐1) involved in the salicylic acid signaling pathways at levels three to five times higher than in the control group. Ag2O nanoparticles significantly improved the growth and yield of the strawberry crop.CONCLUSIONUse of Ag2O nanoparticles can be considered a new strategy to control M. phaseolina and this is the first report of this effect. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Herbicide use in conventional cereal production in northern Greece: An appraisal through the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Damalas Christos A. , Koutroubas Spyridon D. , Abdollahzadeh Gholamhossein 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHerbicides are the major method of weed control in most conventional cropping systems, but what affects farmers' intention to use herbicides has not been studied extensively. This study examined herbicide use among cereal farmers of northern Greece and tested for the first time whether the theory of planned behavior (TPB) can explain farmers' behavior in the adoption of herbicide use.RESULTSMost farmers showed favorable attitudes towards herbicide use (71.2%), high levels of perceived behavioral control (PBC) of herbicide use (62.4%), and positive intention to use herbicides (67.6%). By contrast, most farmers (60.4%) were negative in following the advice of others in the adoption of herbicides. Finally, most farmers (82.8%) used herbicides in cereal production. The TPB explained 47.6% of the variation in farmers' intention to use herbicides. Logistic regression showed that intention and PBC positively affected (P < 0.01) farmers' behavior in herbicide use, explaining 45.8–76.2% of the variation in farmers' behavior. Path analysis showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC had a direct impact on intention. Gender had an indirect impact on intention through PBC, while age and farming as a main profession had an indirect impact on intention through attitudes and subjective norms. Furthermore, education had an indirect impact on intention through attitudes and PBC.CONCLUSIONFarmers' intentions and behavior in the use of herbicides in cereal production could be explained by the TPB. Attitudes showed the strongest total effect on the intention to use herbicides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reproductive attributes and functional response ofAnastatus japonicuson eggs ofAntheraea pernyi, a factitious host
Authors: Mi Qian‐Qian , Zhang Jin‐Ping , Ali Muhammad Yasir , Zhong Yong‐Zhi , Mills Nicholas J , Li Dun‐Song , Lei Yu‐Ming , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnastatus japonicusAshmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is a solitary egg endoparasitoid that has been studied for inundative biological control ofHalyomorpha halysStål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in China. In this study, we assessed the reproductive attributes and functional response ofAnastatus japonicuson a factitious host,Antheraea pernyi(Guérin‐Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Anthelidae) at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 16 h:8 h light/dark photoperiod.RESULTSThe mean lifetime fecundity ofAnastatus japonicusfemales was 404.3 progeny produced over an average oviposition period of 42.3 days. The sex ratio of adult progeny was slightly male biased (51.2%), whereas more female progeny were produced before day 20 of a female's life. Single 1‐day‐old matedAnastatus japonicusfemales exhibited a type II functional response to increasing host densities (1–50 eggs), with an inverse host density‐dependent pattern of percent parasitism. The upper limit to the daily attack rate was estimated as 7.6Antheraea pernyieggs. Furthermore, mutual interference amongAnastatus japonicusfemales occurred when increasing densities of parasitoids (1, 2, 4, 8, 16) were exposed to 30 host eggs.CONCLUSIONLaboratory functional response result revealed that individualAnastatus japonicusmight be unable to respond effectively to increasing host density in the field, which could be compensated by releasing larger numbers of wasps. Strong mutual interference among foragingAnastatus japonicusfemales should be considered in any future inundative biological control programs for the sustainable management ofHalyomorpha halysor other host insect pests. © 2022 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Fungicides have transgenerational effects on Rhopalosiphum padi but not their endosymbionts
Authors: Chirgwin Evatt , Yang Qiong , Umina Paul A , Gill Alex , Soleimannejad Safi , Gu Xinyue , Ross Perran , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile several agricultural fungicides are known to directly affect invertebrate pests, including aphids, the mechanisms involved are often unknown. One hypothesis is that fungicides with antibacterial activity suppress bacterial endosymbionts present in aphids which are important for aphid survival. Endosymbiont‐related effects are expected to be transgenerational, given that these bacteria are maternally inherited. Here, we test for these associations using three fungicides (chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin) against the bird cherry‐oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, using a microinjected strain that carried both the primary endosymbiont Buchnera and the secondary endosymbiont Rickettsiella.RESULTSWe show that the fungicide chlorothalonil did not cause an immediate effect on aphid survival, whereas both strobilurin fungicides (pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin) decreased survival after 48 h exposure. However, chlorothalonil substantially reduced the lifespan and fecundity of the F1 generation. Trifloxystrobin also reduced the lifespan and fecundity of F1 offspring, however, pyraclostrobin did not affect these traits. None of the fungicides consistently altered the density of Buchnera or Rickettsiella in whole aphids.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest fungicides have sublethal impacts on R. padi that are not fully realized until the generation after exposure, and these sublethal impacts are not associated with the density of endosymbionts harbored by R. padi. However, we cannot rule out other effects of fungicides on endosymbionts that might influence fitness, like changes in their tissue distribution. We discuss these results within the context of fungicidal effects on aphid suppression across generations and point to potential field applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and molecular networking analysis to investigate the chemodiversity of bioactive extracts of Annona jahnii Saff. fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Xavier Luciana Araújo , do Nascimento Odilair Letícia Maciel , de Sousa Gilmara Prado , Souza Edineide Cristina A. , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Porto Carla , de Souza Antônia Queiroz Lima , de Souza Afonso Duarte Leão , Flach Adriana , da Costa Luiz Antonio M. A. 
Published: July 2022

RationaleAnnona species are of interest for the isolation of bioactive molecules; however, studies of Annona jahnii Saff. are limited. The exploration of bioactive metabolites of endophytes isolated from this species is unprecedented and allows the preservation of the host plant, in addition to enabling the discovery of compounds with promising biological activities.MethodsEthyl acetate extracts from the cultured media of five fungi were obtained. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl free radical method. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method in broth in 96‐well plates. The exploration of the metabolic profile of the extracts and dereplication of the compounds were performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS) combined with analysis using molecular networking (MN).ResultsA total of 1818 MS features were detected in the five selected extracts, of which 39 compounds were putatively identified. The secondary metabolites with the highest abundance were alkaloids, naphthopyrons, and cytochalasins. Other secondary metabolites include fumonisins, coumarin, and a meroterpenoid. Most of these compounds are related to specific biological properties such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Extracts F398 and F403 showed inhibitory activity of the four pathogens tested. Extracts F475 and F506 did not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, and F407 did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli in addition to having potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 10 μg/mL or less.ConclusionsThe use of UHPLC/ESI‐MS/MS data combined with MN proved useful in the dereplication of bioactive molecules of complex extracts that are still unexplored. These initial investigations should significantly assist in further research and increase the efficiency and speed in the discovery of new sources of secondary metabolites and new natural products.
Biomimetic Vasculatures by 3D‐Printed Porous Molds
Authors: Ching Terry , Vasudevan Jyothsna , Chang Shu‐Yung , Tan Hsih Yin , Sargur Ranganath Anupama , Lim Chwee Teck , Fernandez Javier G. , Ng Jun Jie , Toh Yi‐Chin , Hashimoto Michinao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite recent advances in biofabrication, recapitulating complex architectures of cell‐laden vascular constructs remains challenging. To date, biofabricated vascular models have not yet realized four fundamental attributes of native vasculatures simultaneously: freestanding, branching, multilayered, and perfusable. In this work, a microfluidics‐enabled molding technique combined with coaxial bioprinting to fabricate anatomically relevant, cell‐laden vascular models consisting of hydrogels is developed. By using 3D porous molds of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as casting templates that gradually release calcium ions as a crosslinking agent, freestanding, and perfusable vascular constructs of complex geometries are fabricated. The bioinks can be tailored to improve the compatibility with specific vascular cells and to tune the mechanical modulus mimicking native blood vessels. Crucially, the integration of relevant vascular cells (such as smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells) in a multilayer and biomimetic configuration is highlighted. It is also demonstrated that the fabricated freestanding vessels are amenable for testing percutaneous coronary interventions (i.e., drug‐eluting balloons and stents) under physiological mechanical states such as stretching and bending. Overall, a versatile fabrication technique with multifaceted possibilities of generating biomimetic vascular models that can benefit future research in mechanistic understanding of cardiovascular diseases and the development of therapeutic interventions is introduced.
Building empirical knowledge on the relationship between code smells and design patterns: An exploratory study
Authors: Santos José Amancio M. , Petronilo Gadiel Xavier Antunes 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCode smell is a concept describing potential problems in software design. In opposition, design pattern describes good design solutions in terms of maintainability and reusability. Code smell and design pattern might be perceived as metaphors supporting software design activity in terms of understanding and communication. However, empirical evaluation is needed to investigate their effect in terms of programming activity. Our objective is to build empirical knowledge on the relationship between code smells and design patterns. We carried out an exploratory study based on mining software repositories and in a baseline study addressing software evolution. In total, we analyzed 61 software. Their classes were identified as linked to both code smells and design patterns metaphors. Then, we analyzed the co‐occurrence of these metaphors. Our findings indicate that the relationship between smells and design patterns is software dependent. Some software present many smells linked to design patterns while for other software, smelly classes are not linked to design patterns. We also found that the instability metric weakly reflects this idea. Our study supports better understanding of the topic. It presents results in the opposite direction of expectations that the presence of smells is correlated with the absence of design patterns and vice versa.
Magnesium Phosphate Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bavya Devi K. , Lalzawmliana V. , Saidivya Maktumkari , Kumar Vinod , Roy Mangal , Kumar Nandi Samit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnesium phosphate (MgP) is a family of newly developed resorbable bioceramics for bone tissue engineering. Although calcium phosphates (CaP) are the most commonly used bioceramics, low solubility, and slow degradation, when implanted in vivo, are their main drawbacks. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element in the human body as it plays important role in bone metabolism, DNA stabilization, and skeletal development. Recent research on magnesium phosphates has established their higher degradability, in vitro, and in vivo biocompatibility. Compared to CaP, very limited research work has been found in the area of MgP. The prime goal of this review is to bring out the importance of magnesium phosphate ceramics for biomedical applications. In this review, we have discussed the synthesis methods, mechanical properties, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of MgP bioceramics. Moreover, we have highlighted the recent developments in metal ion‐doped MgPs and MgP scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia Under Ambient Conditions: Stakes and Challenges
Authors: Smita Biswas Suchi , Chakraborty Soumita , Saha Arunava , Eswaramoorthy Muthusamy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAqueous electrochemical nitrogen reduction (ENR) to ammonia (NH3) under ambient conditions is considered as an alternative to the energy‐intensive Haber‐Bosch process for ammonia production. Many metal, non‐metal, carbon‐based materials along with metal‐chalcogenides, metal‐nitrides have been explored for their ENR activity. The reported NH3 production through ENR is still in the micro‐gram level and often falls in the range of NH3 and NOx contaminations from the surrounding. The quantification of NH3 at very low concentration possess enormous challenge in this field and thus many reported ENR electrocatalysts suffer from reproducibility issue. This review highlights in detail the challenges associated with ENR in aqueous medium and necessitates standardization of protocols to quantify the low concentration of NH3 free of false‐positives. It concludes the prospects of electrochemical NH3 production through lithium‐mediated N2 reduction.
OrthoC−H Functionalizations of 2‐Aryl‐2H‐Indazoles
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Pyne Pranjal , Ghosh Anogh , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractC−H Functionalization is ubiquitously considered as a powerful, efficient and handy tool for installing various functional groups in complex organic heterocycles in an easier and step‐economic way. Similarly, indazole is endowed as a potent heterocycle and is eminent for its profound impact in biological, medicinal and industrial chemistry. In this scenario, C−H functionalization at the selectiveorthoposition of 2‐arylindazole in assistance of a metal catalyst is also becoming an appealing approach in synthetic organic chemistry. This review addressed the recent findings and developments onorthoC−H functionalization of 2‐aryl‐2H‐indazazoles with literature coverage extending from 2018 to May 2022.
A natural halogenated fluoride adenosine analog 5′‐fluorodeoxy adenosine induced anticolon cancer activity in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Ma Long , Liu Taohua , Lu Yingying , Dong Yanan , Zhao Xia , Man Shuli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdenosine (ADO) and its analogs have been introduced into the anticancer clinical trials, especial for the ADO derivatives with fluoride. The biosynthesis of fluorinase produces a fluorine‐containing ADO analog 5′‐fluorodeoxy adenosine (5′‐FDA). The toxicity and application of 5′‐FDA has not been evaluated, which limits the application of ADO analogs. In order to study its potential mechanism, we carried out the following experiments. In our research, 5′‐FDA displayed good antitumor activity in colon cancer cells and two colon cancer models. As a result, 5′‐FDA concentration‐dependently inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon cancer cells through its proapoptosis and cell cycle arrest pathway. Furthermore, 5′‐FDA inhibited the growth of colon cancer and its pulmonary metastasis in CT26 inbred mice without affecting their body weight. It was found that 5′‐FDA remarkably increased the protein levels of Caspase 3 and cleaved‐Caspase 9 and decreased Cyclin A2 and CDK2 via the regulation of p53 signaling pathway, and increased the protein levels of Caspase 8 and cleaved‐Caspase 8 which participated in apoptosis pathway. All in all, 5′‐FDA displayed excellent therapeutic effects on colon cancer and its pulmonary metastasis. We believed that our study provided a theoretical basis for further preclinical research of 5′‐FDA in the treatment of cancer.
A strip with constant stresses on the cut: Exact solutions
Authors: Kovalenko Mikhail D. , Menshova Irina V. , Kerzhaev Alexander P. , Yu Guangming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe construct exact solutions of three boundary value problems in the theory of elasticity for an infinite strip with a central transverse cut on which constant normal stresses are specified (even‐symmetric deformation). We consider three variants of homogeneous boundary conditions on the strip sides: (1) free sides, (2) firmly clamped sides, and (3) there are identical stiffeners on the strip sides. The solutions of all problems are represented as series in Papkovich–Fadle eigenfunctions whose coefficients are determined from simple closed formulas.