bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised machine learning based on clinical factors for the detection of coronary artery atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jiang Yu , Yang Zhi-Gang , Wang Jin , Shi Rui , Han Pei-Lun , Qian Wen-Lei , Yan Wei-Feng , Li Yuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronary atherosclerosis can lead to serious cardiovascular events. In type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, the effects of clinical factors on coronary atherosclerosis have not been fully elucidated. We used a clustering method to distinguish the population heterogeneity of T2DM and the differences in coronary atherosclerosis evaluated on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) among groups and to facilitate clinical management.

Methods
Clinical data from 1157 T2DM patients with coronary atherosclerosis who underwent CCTA in our hospital from January 2018 to September 2021 were retrospectively collected. The coronary artery segment plaque type and stenosis, the number of involved vessels, the segment involvement score (SIS) and the segment stenosis score (SSS) were evaluated and calculated. Unsupervised clustering analysis based on clinical information was used (cluster 1: n = 463; cluster 2: n = 341; cluster 3: n = 353). The association of coronary plaque characteristics with cluster groups was evaluated.

Results
The clinical data among the three groups were different in several aspects: (1) Cluster 1 had the least male patients (41.7%), the lowest proportion of patients with smoking (0%) or alcohol history (0.9%), and the lowest level of serum creatinine (74.46 ± 22.18 µmol/L); (2) Cluster 2 had the shortest duration of diabetes (7.90 ± 8.20 years) and was less likely to be treated with diabetes (42.2%) or statins (17.6%) and (3) Cluster 3 was the youngest (65.89 ± 10.15 years old) and had the highest proportion of male patients (96.6%), the highest proportion of patients with smoking (91.2%) and alcohol (59.8%) history, the highest level of eGFR (83.81 ± 19.06 ml/min/1.73m2), and the lowest level of HDL-C (1.07 ± 0.28 mmol/L).
The CCTA characteristics varied with different clusters: (1) Cluster 1 had the largest number of segments with calcified plaques (2.43 ± 2.46) and the least number of segments with mixed plaques (2.24 ± 2.59) and obstructive stenosis (0.98 ± 2.00); (2) Cluster 1 had the lowest proportion of patients with mixed plaques (68%) and obstructive stenosis (32.2%); (3) Cluster 3 had more segments with noncalcified plaques than cluster 1 (0.63 ± 1.02 vs 0.40 ± 0.78, P < 0.05) and the highest proportion of patients with noncalcified plaques (39.9%) and (4) There was no significant difference in the extent of coronary plaques among the three clusters.

Conclusions
The unsupervised clustering method could address T2DM patients with heterogeneous clinical indicators and identify groups with different types of coronary plaque and degrees of coronary stenosis. This method has the potential for patient stratification, which is essential for the clinical management of T2DM patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
The impacts of minimally invasive surgery on intermediate- or high-risk cervical cancer patients received adjuvant radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Qiying , Liu Zi , Wang Yali , Zhang Jing , Li Wen , Wang Tao , Wang Juan , Shi Fan , Su Jin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence for patients with risk factors after radical hysterectomy (RH). Early initiated CRT could result in superior oncological outcomes. Here, we aimed to compare the survival outcome of intermediate- or high-risk cervical cancer (CC) patients who, received adjuvant CRT between minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and open surgery.

Methods
Data on stage IB1-IIA2 patients who underwent RH and postoperative CRT in our institution, from 2014 to 2017, were retrospectively collected. Patients with high or intermediate-risk factors who met the Sedlis criteria received sequential chemoradiation (SCRT). According to the surgical approaches, the enrolled patients were divided into MIS and open surgery groups. Then, the disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors were analyzed.

Results
Among 129 enrolled CC patients, 68 received open surgery and 61 received MIS. The median time interval from surgery to chemotherapy and to radiotherapy was shorter in the MIS group (7 days vs. 8 days, P=0.014; 28 days vs. 35, P<0.001). Three-year DFS and OS were similar in both groups (85.2% vs. 89.7%, P=0.274; 89.9% vs. 98.5%, P=0.499). Further, sub-analysis indicated that the DFS and OS in intermediate/high-risk groups had no significant difference. Cox-multivariate analyses found that tumor size >4 cm and time interval from surgery to radiotherapy beyond 7 weeks were adverse independent prognostic factors for DFS.

Conclusion
Based on the population we studied, for early-stage (IB1-IIA2) CC patients with intermediate- or high-risk factors who received postoperative SCRT, although the difference was not significant, the DFS and OS in the MIS group were slightly lower than the ORH group, and tumor size >4 cm and delayed adjuvant radiotherapy beyond 7 weeks were risk factors for recurrence.
Impact of good governance, economic growth and universal health coverage on COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates in Africa
Authors: Gebremichael Bereket , Hailu Alemayehu , Letebo Mekitew , Berhanesilassie Etsub , Shumetie Arega , Biadgilign Sibhatu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted lives across all countries and communities. It significantly reduced the global economic output and dealt health systems across the world a serious blow. There is growing evidence showing the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it has on health systems, which should help to draw lessons for further consolidating and realizing universal health coverage (UHC) in all countries, complemented by more substantial government commitment and good governance, and continued full implementation of crucial policies and plans to avert COVID-19 and similar pandemic threats in the future. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess the impact of good governance, economic growth and UHC on the COVID-19 infection rate and case fatality rate (CFR) among African countries.

Methods
We employed an analytical ecological study design to assess the association between COVID-19 CFR and infection rate as dependent variables, and governance, economic development and UHC as independent variables. We extracted data from publicly available databases (i.e., Worldometer, Worldwide Governance Indicators, Our World in Data and WHO Global Health Observatory Repository). We employed a multivariable linear regression model to examine the association between the dependent variables and the set of explanatory variables. STATA version 14 software was used for data analysis.

Results
All 54 African countries were covered by this study. The median observed COVID-19 CFR and infection rate were 1.65% and 233.46%, respectively. Results of multiple regression analysis for predicting COVID-19 infection rate indicated that COVID-19 government response stringency index (β = 0.038; 95% CI 0.001, 0.076; P = 0.046), per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (β = 0.514; 95% CI 0.158, 0.87; P = 0.006) and infectious disease components of UHC (β = 0.025; 95% CI 0.005, 0.045; P = 0.016) were associated with COVID-19 infection rates, while noncommunicable disease components of UHC (β = −0.064; 95% CI −0.114; −0.015; P = 0.012), prevalence of obesity among adults (β = 0.112; 95% CI 0.044; 0.18; P = 0.002) and per capita GDP (β = −0.918; 95% CI −1.583; −0.254; P = 0.008) were associated with COVID-19 CFR.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that good governance practices, favourable economic indicators and UHC have a bearing on COVID-19 infection rate and CFR. Effective health system response through a primary healthcare approach and progressively taking measures to grow their economy and increase funding to the health sector to mitigate the risk of similar future pandemics would require African countries to move towards UHC, improve governance practices and ensure economic growth in order to reduce the impact of pandemics on populations.
Human herpesvirus 7 encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult and a literature review
Authors: Li Yi , Qu Tianhao , Li Dandan , Jing Juanjuan , Deng Qiuming , Wan Xianyao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a common virus that infects children early and is accompanied by lifelong latency in cells, which is easy to reactivate in immunodeficient adults, but the underlying pathological mechanism is uncertain in immunocompetent adults without peculiar past medical history. Even though the clinical manifestation of the encephalitis caused by HHV-7 is uncommon in immunocompetent adults, the HHV-7 infection should not be neglected for encephalitis for unknown reasons.

Case presentation
We reported here a case of HHV-7 encephalitis with epileptic seizures. While the brain computer tomography was standard, electroencephalography displayed slow waves in the temporal and bilateral frontal areas, then HHV-7 DNA was detected in the metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid. Fortunately, the patient recovered after treatment and was discharged 2 months later. We also collected the related cases and explored a better way to illuminate the underlying mechanism.

Conclusion
The case indicates clinicians should memorize HHV-7 as an unusual etiology of encephalitis to make an early diagnosis and therapy.
Epigenetic modification of miR-217 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting the FBXO21-ERK signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Zhonghui , Ming Jianghua , Liu Yajing , Hu Geliang , Liao Qi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Numerous potential therapeutic alternatives for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have been investigated, the most promising of which are based on biological variables such as microRNAs (miRNAs). Therefore, we verified the hypothesis that miRNAs modulate IDD by affecting the FBXO21-ERK signalling pathway.

Methods
Microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) tests were used to examine the expression profiles of miRNAs in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells between patients with IDD and controls. Western blotting and luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the miRNA targets.

Results
Microarray and RT–qPCR assays confirmed that the expression level of miR-217 was significantly decreased in degenerative NP cells. CpG islands were predicted in the miR-217 promoter region. The IDD group had considerably higher methylation than the control group. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that miR-217 mimics inhibited apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown in NP cells. Bioinformatic analyses and luciferase assays were used to determine the connection between miR-217 and FBXO21. In vitro tests revealed that miR-217 mimics inhibited the expression of FBXO21, pERK, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 proteins, successfully protecting the ECM from degradation. Additionally, in vivo investigation using the IDD mouse model demonstrated that the miR-217 agonist may sufficiently promote NP cell proliferation, decrease apoptosis, promote ECM synthesis, and suppress the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes in NP cells.

Conclusions
Overexpression of miR-217 inhibits IDD via FBXO21/ERK regulation.

Trial registration
This study was performed in strict accordance with the NIH guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publication No. 85-23 Rev. 1985) and was approved by the human research ethics committee of Wuhan University Renmin Hospital (Approval No. RMHREC-D-2020-391), and written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
Gantenerumab: an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody with potential disease-modifying effects in early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bateman Randall J. , Cummings Jeffrey , Schobel Scott , Salloway Stephen , Vellas Bruno , Boada Mercè , Black Sandra E. , Blennow Kaj , Fontoura Paulo , Klein Gregory , Assunção Sheila Seleri , Smith Janice , Doody Rachelle S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis review describes the research and development process of gantenerumab, a fully human anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody in development to treat early symptomatic and asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies can substantially reverse amyloid plaque pathology and may modify the course of the disease by slowing or stopping its clinical progression. Several molecules targeting amyloid have failed in clinical development due to drug-related factors (e.g., treatment-limiting adverse events, low potency, poor brain penetration), study design/methodological issues (e.g., disease stage, lack of AD pathology confirmation), and other factors. The US Food and Drug Administration’s approval of aducanumab, an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody as the first potential disease-modifying therapy for AD, signaled the value of more than 20 years of drug development, adding to the available therapies the first nominal success since cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine were approved.BodyHere, we review over 2 decades of gantenerumab development in the context of scientific discoveries in the broader AD field. Key learnings from the field were incorporated into the gantenerumab phase 3 program, including confirmed amyloid positivity as an entry criterion, an enriched clinical trial population to ensure measurable clinical decline, data-driven exposure-response models to inform a safe and efficacious dosing regimen, and the use of several blood-based biomarkers. Subcutaneous formulation for more pragmatic implementation was prioritized as a key feature from the beginning of the gantenerumab development program.ConclusionThe results from the gantenerumab phase 3 programs are expected by the end of 2022 and will add critical information to the collective knowledge on the search for effective AD treatments.
Traceability and quality assessment of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) logs: the TreeTrace_Douglas database
Authors: Longuetaud Fleur , Pot Guillaume , Mothe Frédéric , Barthelemy Alexis , Decelle Rémi , Delconte Florian , Ge Xihe , Guillaume Grégoire , Mancini Théo , Ravoajanahary Tojo , Butaud Jean-Claude , Collet Robert , Debled-Rennesson Isabelle , Marcon Bertrand , Ngo Phuc , Roux Benjamin , Viguier Joffrey 
Published: November 2022

Key messageTheTreeTrace_Douglasdatabase includes images and measurements at several stages of the processing of Douglas fir logs, from sawmill logyard to machine grading and destructive testing of boards, and is suitable for research on quality assessment and traceability. A total of 52 long logs, 156 short logs, 208 wood discs, and 346 boards were analyzed. The image data includes RGB images of log ends and board ends, RGB images and CT slices of strips, and a set of images of the boards (RGB, laser, and X-rays) obtained with an industrial board grading machine. The measurements include wood density, growth ring widths, pith and board location in the logs, heartwood and sapwood areas, mechanical properties of each board obtained by vibratory and static testing, and visual grading of the boards. Dataset is available athttps://doi.org/10.15454/YUNEGLand associated metadata are available athttps://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/d9eef6e4-f195-41f4-b6c2-2ab46adc637e.
Convergence of second-order in time numerical discretizations for the evolution Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Berselli Luigi C. , Spirito Stefano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe prove the convergence of certain second-order numerical methods to weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations satisfying, in addition, the local energy inequality, and therefore suitable in the sense of Scheffer and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg. More precisely, we treat the space-periodic case in three space dimensions and consider a full discretization in which the classical Crank–Nicolson method (θ-method with $\theta =1/2$
θ
=
1
/
2
) is used to discretize the time variable. In contrast, in the space variables, we consider finite elements. The convective term is discretized in several implicit, semi-implicit, and explicit ways. In particular, we focus on proving (possibly conditional) convergence of the discrete solutions toward weak solutions (satisfying a precise local energy balance) without extra regularity assumptions on the limit problem. We do not prove orders of convergence, but our analysis identifies some numerical schemes, providing alternate proofs of the existence of “physically relevant” solutions in three space dimensions.
The contribution of collaboration to the development of sustainable innovation in high-tech companies
Authors: Hindi Tali-Noy , Frenkel Amnon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a method for examining the sustainability of collaborations using multivariate regression models. It demonstrates the use of the method by examining the effect of the collaboration strategies of high-technology companies on their product-development and financial performance. Data collected from 195 high-tech companies on internal R&D investments, investment in collaborations with external companies and organizations, and revenues generated from the resulting product development, were analyzed using multivariate regression models. The findings revealed that companies engaging in external collaborations increase their revenue by 3.95 times compared with firms that do not.
Temperature dependence of thermophysical properties of carbon/polyamide410 composite
Authors: Asfew Kasahun Niguse , Ivens Jan , Moens David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, the temperature dependence of the carbon/polyamide 410 composite's heat capacity, thermal expansion, density, and thermal conductivity was investigated. The results demonstrated that the specific heat capacity of the C/PA410 composite increases with temperature, with major transitions observed at the glass transition (Tg) and melting (Tm) temperatures. Due to the presence of fibers, the CTE values in the fiber direction of C/PA410 specimens were one order of magnitude smaller than in the transverse direction. The density measurements reveal that as temperature rises, volume increases, causing density to decrease. The heat diffusivity of the C/PA410 composite was measured using the laser flash technique, which was then used to calculate thermal conductivity. The results show that the average thermal conductivity in the fiber direction increases linearly with temperature, while in the transverse direction it increases linearly with temperature up to 50 °C and then becomes constant between 50 °C and 100 °C.
Vashambadzi
Authors: Schoenbrun David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is conventional to think that people other than Africans explored the continent we know today as Africa in a dynamic interplay with African interests. In responding, Africans’ understandings of their continent took shape, leaving African understandings of “home” fundamentally reactive. Afropolitanism shifts the subject to urbane and literate mobility, exploring how race, gender, and identity inform a lexicon of Africa created after the seventeenth century. This periodization centers individuals but cuts off earlier practices of cultured mobility largely because individuals are so difficult to find in Africa’s historical sources before the eighteenth century. Creative nonfiction, tethered to linguistic, archaeological, and oral textual evidence, returns to individuals creating geographical knowledge of African worlds and of Africa in the world. The story told here unfolds in fourteenth-century Southern Africa. Afropolitan writing may now sample deeper practices of cultured mobility than those generated by enslavement, capitalism, colonialism, and the Anthropocene.
Demographical domains and clinico-radiological characteristics of study cohorts with spontaneous simultaneous multiple intracerebral hemorrhages in a tertiary neurosurgical center in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Chaulagain Dipak 
Published: November 2022

Background: Spontaneous simultaneous multiple intra-cerebral hemorrhages (SMICHs) and its occurrences in different territories of arterial disposition has been viewed as uncommon clinical occurrences, since the pathophysiological and predisposing factors as mechanisms aren’t vividly defined. This research primarily aims for demographic stratification and dichotomization pertaining to risk factors, etiological classifications, anatomical distributions and outcome analysis by focusing on management strategies and pertinent stroke care. Methods: 40 patients presenting to the College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan, Nepal in the last two years were included in the study. The patients with two or more spontaneous SMICHs with affected arterial territories with similar tomographic density based profiling were chosen as samples. Regression analysis was chosen to test three hypotheses. Results: Among our study cohorts, cortical and cortical territory (60%) was the major anatomical patterns of involvement. A conservative approach was undertaken in nine patients (22.5%), whereas surgical intervention was needed in five others (12.5%). A total of 14(35%) patients leaving against medical advice and a further seven (17.5%) patients were referred for adjuvant oncologic care. Mortality was observed among five (12.5%) patients. Hypertension was seen as a significant variable in its pathogenesis. Male patients were more affected. Age groups comprising 36-45years and 56-65 years were involved in 32.5% and 30% of cases respectively. Conclusion: This study proves the need for a national stroke data bank pertaining to spontaneous SMICHs. This will help foster effective patient education during preoperative counseling; as well as formatting a management algorithm combating them.
In vitro apical microleakage evaluation for different endodontic sealers by spectrophotometric analysis: an observational study
Authors: Sahib Mezaal Zahraa , Abdulkareem Shatha , G. Shareef Laith 
Published: November 2022

Background: It has been established that several filling techniques can affect apical leakage, which is responsible for 59% of endodontic failures. The primary goal of endodontic therapy is to create a tight seal that aids in repairing the periapical tissues, prevents apical periodontitis, and shields against root canal infection. The study aims to compare the apical sealing ability of epoxy resin based sealer (AH plus), which is an epoxy-resin-based root canal sealer, GuttaFlow 2, which is a silicone-based root canal sealer, GuttaFlow bioseal is a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer, TotalFill HiFlow bioceramic (BC) sealer is a silicate-based root canal sealer (bioceramic sealer) using a single cone technique by spectrophotometric analysis. Methods: This study chose 64 maxillary first molars with a straight palatal root. Following palatal roots sectioning to 11 mm from the root apex, the canals were instrumented up to size X4 using Protaper Next. They were separated into four experimental groups (n = 15) per each group based on the kind of sealer utilized, Group I: AH plus, Group II: GuttaFlow 2, Group III: GuttaFlow bioseal, Group IV: TotalFill BC HiFlow, and two control groups (n =2 for each). After completing obturation, the dye extraction technique was used to evaluate apical leakage. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical density of the solution after all the dyes were liberated from the interfacial regions. Result: A statistically non-significant difference between the investigated root canal sealers in apical microleakage P > 0.05 was noted. The highest mean values were observed in group IV (0.08046), group I(0.07731), and group II(0.06209), while the lowest mean value in group III (0.05719) Conclusions: All types of sealers used in this investigation showed various amounts of microleakage. None of the sealants could completely close the apical foramen to provide a fluid-tight seal.