bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a risk prediction model for chronic kidney disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chieh , Niu May Jingchee , Li Chia-Ing , Liu Chiu-Shong , Lin Chih-Hsueh , Yang Shing-Yu , Li Tsai-Chung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany studies had established the chronic kidney disease (CKD) prediction models, but most of them were conducted on the general population and not on patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in Asian populations. This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model for CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Care Management Program (DCMP) in Taiwan. This research was a retrospective cohort study. We used the DCMP database to set up a cohort of 4,601 patients with type 2 diabetes without CKD aged 40–92 years enrolled in the DCMP program of a Taichung medical center in 2002–2016. All patients were followed up until incidences of CKD, death, and loss to follow-up or 2016. The dataset for participants of national DCMP in 2002–2004 was used as external validation. The incident CKD cases were defined as having one of the following three conditions: ACR data greater than or equal to 300 (mg/g); both eGFR data less than 60 (ml/min/1.73 m2) and ACR data greater than or equal to 30 (mg/g); and eGFR data less than 45 (ml/min/1.73 m2). The study subjects were randomly allocated to derivation and validation sets at a 2:1 ratio. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the risk factors of CKD in the derivation set. Time-varying area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the risk model. After an average of 3.8 years of follow-up period, 3,067 study subjects were included in the derivation set, and 786 (25.63%) were newly diagnosed CKD cases. A total of 1,534 participants were designated to the validation set, and 378 (24.64%) were newly diagnosed CKD cases. The final CKD risk factors consisted of age, duration of diabetes, insulin use, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin-to-creatinine ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, diabetes retinopathy, variation in HbA1c, variation in FPG, and hypertension drug use. The AUC values of 1-, 3-, and 5-year CKD risks were 0.74, 0.76, and 0.77 in the validation set, respectively, and were 0.76, 0.77, and 0.76 in the sample for external validation, respectively. The value of Harrell’s c-statistics was 0.76 (0.74, 0.78). The proposed model is the first CKD risk prediction model for type 2 diabetes patients in Taiwan. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year CKD risk prediction models showed good prediction accuracy. The model can be used as a guide for clinicians to develop medical plans for future CKD preventive intervention in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Combinatorial influence of environmental temperature, obesity and cholesterol on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity
Authors: Mandal Chandi C. , Panwar Mahaveer S. , Yadav Chandra P. , Tripathi Vaishnavi , Bandyopadhayaya Shreetama 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants not only causes a long-term global health concerns but also encounters the vaccine/drug effectiveness. The degree of virus infectivity and its clinical outcomes often depend on various biological parameters (e.g., age, genetic factors, diabetes, obesity and other ailments) of an individual along with multiple environmental factors (e.g., air temperature, humidity, seasons). Thus, despite the extensive search for and use of several vaccine/drug candidates, the combinative influence of these various extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors involved in the SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity has yet to be explored. Previous studies have reported that environment temperature is negatively associated with virus infectivity for SARS-CoV-2. This study elaborates on our previous findings, investigating the link between environmental temperature and other metabolic parameters, such as average total cholesterol and obesity, with the increase in COVID-19 cases. Statistical analysis conducted on a per country basis not only supports the existence of a significant negative correlation between environmental temperature and SARS-CoV-2 infections but also found a strong positive correlation between COVID-19 cases and these metabolic parameters. In addition, a multiphase growth curve model (GCM) was built to predict the contribution of these covariates in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. These findings, for first time, support the idea that there might be a combinatorial impact of environmental temperature, average total cholesterol, and obesity in the inflation of the SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
Charge-state resolved laser acceleration of gold ions to beyond 7 MeV/u
Authors: Lindner F. H. , Fitzpatrick E. G. , Haffa D. , Ponnath L. , Schmidt A.-K. , Speicher M. , Zielbauer B. , Schreiber J. , Thirolf P. G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the past years, the interest in the laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions in the mass range of $$\text {A}\approx 200$$

A
≈
200

has been increasing due to promising application ideas like the fission-fusion nuclear reaction mechanism, aiming at the production of neutron-rich isotopes relevant for the astrophysical r-process nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we report on the laser acceleration of gold ions to beyond 7 MeV/u, exceeding for the first time an important prerequisite for this nuclear reaction scheme. Moreover, the gold ion charge states have been detected with an unprecedented resolution, which enables the separation of individual charge states up to 4 MeV/u. The recorded charge-state distributions show a remarkable dependency on the target foil thickness and differ from simulations, lacking a straight-forward explanation by the established ionization models.
Maternal caretaking behavior towards a dead juvenile in a wild, multi-level primate society
Authors: Yang Bin , Anderson James R. , Mao Min , Wang Kaifeng , Li Baoguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaternal caretaking and transport of dead infants are widespread among nonhuman primates, having been reported in numerous species of monkeys and apes. By contrast, accounts of such behaviors toward dead juveniles are scarce. Here, we describe responses by the mother and other group members to the death of a juvenile in a wild, multi-level group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Following the juvenile’s fatal accident, his mother transported and cared for the corpse for four days. Immature monkeys belonging to the same one-male unit, and some individuals from other social units also showed interest in and tended the corpse. Comparisons of this case with those involving the deaths of infants and an adult female in the same population highlight possible effects of physiological, psychological and emotional factors in primate thanatological responses, and provide an additional perspective on the origin and evolution of compassionate acts.
Dynamic modeling of female neutering interventions for free-roaming dog population management in an urban setting of southeastern Iran
Authors: Shamsaddini Saeedeh , Ahmadi Gohari Milad , Kamyabi Hossein , Nasibi Saeid , Derakhshani Ali , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Hiby Elly , Harandi Majid Fasihi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding dynamics of free-roaming dog (FRD) population is critical for planning and implementation of dog population management programs. FRD population size estimation as well as dynamic modeling of dog population under different female dog neutering interventions were investigated in order to determine the most appropriate animal birth control approach. We performed population size estimate of dogs using sight-resight surveys by photography in a randomly selected 25 blocks of the city and all the suburbs of greater Kerman area. Main demographic features were characterized and the dog density distribution was mapped. A dynamic model was developed to predict free-roaming dog population variations after 5 and 10 years. Different scenarios based on 10, 30, 50, 60 and 70% female dog sterilization were considered to predict the effects of animal birth control measures. Free roaming dog population was estimated at 6781 dogs (65.3% males) in Kerman and suburbs with several major population hotspots. Analysis of the dog locations within the city showed that the largest proportion of the dogs were observed in the vacant lots (46.2%). Modeling predictions indicated that, in the absence of management, the free-roaming dog population could increase from a baseline of 6781 to 13,665 dogs (2.02 fold increase) in 5 years and to 19,376 dogs in 10 years (2.86 fold increase). Using a population dynamics model, we simulated five neutering coverages to explore the impact of female neutering on free-roaming dog population size. The 5-year projections of the model have shown that 50% annual female dog sterilization significantly reduced free-roaming dog population by 0.44 comparing to the baseline population. Findings of the present study improve our knowledge on the nature and extent of dog population dynamics in Iran. Effective population control and selection of the most appropriate neutering interventions require a comprehensive knowledge of the characteristics and dynamics of FRD population.
Exogenous lipase administration alters gut microbiota composition and ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Menden Ariane , Hall Davane , Hahn-Townsend Coral , Broedlow Courtney A. , Joshi Utsav , Pearson Andrew , Crawford Fiona , Evans James E. , Klatt Nichole , Crynen Stefan , Mullan Michael , Ait-Ghezala Ghania 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly with no available disease modifying treatments. Altered gut microbial composition has been widely acknowledged as a common feature of AD, which potentially contributes to progression or onset of AD. To assess the hypothesis that Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), which has been shown to enhance gut microbiome and metabolite composition, can rebalance the gut microbiome composition and reduce AD pathology, the treatment effects in APPswe/PS1de9 (APP/PS1) mice were investigated. The analysis revealed an increased abundance of Acetatifactor and Clostridiales vadin BB60 genera in the gut; increased lipid hydrolysis in the gut lumen, normalization of peripheral unsaturated fatty acids, and reduction of neuroinflammation and memory deficits post treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that the evoked benefits on memory could be transferred via fecal matter transplant (FMT) into antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted (AIMD) wildtype mice, ameliorating their memory deficits. The findings herein contributed to improve our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in AD’s complex networks and suggested that targeted modification of the gut could contribute to amelioration of AD neuropathology.
Paraquat toxicity in different cell types of Swiss albino mice
Authors: Onur Bilal , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçin Emine , Acar Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, toxicity caused by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w doses of Paraquat herbicide in Swiss albino mice was investigated. Body weight, liver and kidney organ weights, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme activities, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and kidney, micronucleus (MN) formation in buccal mucosal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow cells, viability of liver and kidney cells were investigated. Four groups were randomly formed from male Swiss albino mice (one control and three treatment groups). The control group mice were provided tap water and the mice in the treatment groups were treated orally with three different doses of Paraquat (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) in the drinking water for 28 days. At the end of the application, all mice were sacrificed and routine preparation procedures were carried out to examine physiological, biochemical, oxidative stress and genetic parameters. Paraquat administration decreased physiological parameters (body, liver and kidney organ weights), and increased biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine and MDA). GSH levels were decreased depending on the dose. Kidney and liver damage were confirmed by the trypan blue test. Paraquat administration promoted MN formation in buccal mucosal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells depending on the dose. The highest MN frequency was observed in leukocyte cells exposed to a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w of Paraquat. Deteriorations in DNA integrity as a result of MN formations were supported by the comet assay. In addition, Paraquat promoted CAs such as break, fragment, acentric, dicentric, gap and ring in bone marrow cells. Break damage was the most common among these damages. These observed genotoxic effects occured as a result of the interaction of DNA and DNA-related proteins with Paraquat. Molecular docking studies showed that Paraquat binds to histone H4 protein with high affinity and has a high intercalation potential. As a result, Paraquat herbicide caused a significant toxicity by changing physiological, biochemical, oxidative stress and genetic parameters of Swiss albino mice depending on the application dose.
Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) positive gastric cancer
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiko , Lee Hyun Seok , Nam Su Youn , Katoh Hiroto , Ishibashi Yuko , Yamagata Murayama Somay , Matsui Hidenori , Masuda Hiroki , Rimbara Emiko , Sakurazawa Nobuyuki , Suzuki Hideyuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Seto Yasuyuki , Ishikawa Shumpei , Jeon Seong Woo , Nakamura Masahiko , Nomura Sachiyo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenetic analysis and culturing techniques for gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) are progressing. NHPH is reported to accompany nodular gastritis, gastric MALT lymphoma, and mild gastritis. However, only a few gastric cancer cases infected by NHPH have been reported. PCR analysis specific for NHPH and H. pylori was performed for DNA from gastric mucosa of 282 Korean gastric cancer patients, who were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. For more precise strain detection of NHPH, NHPH-positive mucosa was stained by immunohistochemistry specific for Helicobacter suis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification was analyzed for these 3 gastric cancer sub-groups by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Among 281 patients, 3 patients (1.1%) were positive for NHPH. One patient (Patient 1) was also positive for H. pylori by PCR, another patient (Patient 3) was positive for serum IgG for H. pylori, and the other patient (Patient 2) had no evidence for H. pylori infection. Gastric mucosa of Patients 2 and 3 were positive for H. suis staining. All three NHPH-positive gastric cancers were located in the antrum, and belonged to the Chromosomal Instability Type of TCGA classification. Gastric NHPH can be a cause of gastric cancer, although likely with lower pathogenesis than H. pylori.
Intranasal delivery of pro-resolving lipid mediators rescues memory and gamma oscillation impairment in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice
Authors: Emre Ceren , Arroyo-García Luis E. , Do Khanh V. , Jun Bokkyoo , Ohshima Makiko , Alcalde Silvia Gómez , Cothern Megan L. , Maioli Silvia , Nilsson Per , Hjorth Erik , Fisahn André , Bazan Nicolas G. , Schultzberg Marianne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSustained microglial activation and increased pro-inflammatory signalling cause chronic inflammation and neuronal damage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resolution of inflammation follows neutralization of pathogens and is a response to limit damage and promote healing, mediated by pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs). Since resolution is impaired in AD brains, we decided to test if intranasal administration of pro-resolving LMs in the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mouse model for AD could resolve inflammation and ameliorate pathology in the brain. A mixture of the pro-resolving LMs resolvin (Rv) E1, RvD1, RvD2, maresin 1 (MaR1) and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) was administered to stimulate their respective receptors. We examined amyloid load, cognition, neuronal network oscillations, glial activation and inflammatory factors. The treatment ameliorated memory deficits accompanied by a restoration of gamma oscillation deficits, together with a dramatic decrease in microglial activation. These findings open potential avenues for therapeutic exploration of pro-resolving LMs in AD, using a non-invasive route.
Exploring a novel two-dimensional metallic Y4C3 sheet applied as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Cui Yuzhu , Qin Haifei , Kong Panlong , Chen Jiao , Cai Xinyong , Chen Yuanzheng 
Published: March 2022

Identified a novel two-dimensional metallic Y4C3 sheet applied as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries.
Two-dimensional ferroelectric MoS2/Ga2O3 heterogeneous bilayers with highly tunable photocatalytic and electrical properties
Authors: Chen Haohao , Zhao Junlei , Wang Xinyu , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Zhaofu , Hua Mengyuan 
Published: March 2022

MoS2/Ga2O3 heterostructures with strong intrinsic ferroelectrics are highly promising for novel devices with designed electronic properties.
A novel method to construct low redundancy difference coarray on moving platform
Authors: Shen Yongjian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA novel method to construct low redundancy difference coarray for direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation on a moving platform is proposed by exploiting the fractal theory. The proposed method can be used in the scenario of a long period of stationary signal environment. Using this method, the new temporal fractal array is proposed by utilizing the fractal theory to decrease the synthetic steps, which reduces greatly the redundancy in the difference coarray of the synthetic array. Meanwhile, the synthetic difference coarray is also fully‐filled. The redundancy function is given to examine the redundancy of the synthetic difference coarray. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively decrease the redundancy of the synthetic difference coarray for DOA estimation.
SOLIS
Authors: de A. Schutzer A. , Rivera-Ortiz P. R. , Lefloch B. , Gusdorf A. , Favre C. , Segura-Cox D. , López-Sepulcre A. , Neri R. , Ospina-Zamudio J. , De Simone M. , Codella C. , Viti S. , Podio L. , Pineda J. , O’Donoghue R. , Ceccarelli C. , Caselli P. , Alves F. , Bachiller R. , Balucani N. , Bianchi E. , Bizzocchi L. , Bottinelli S. , Caux E. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Dulieu F. , Enrique-Romero J. , Fontani F. , Feng S. , Holdship J. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Jaber Al-Edhari A. , Kahane C. , Lattanzi V. , Oya Y. , Punanova A. , Rimola A. , Sakai N. , Spezzano S. , Sims I. R. , Taquet V. , Testi L. , Theulé P. , Ugliengo P. , Vastel C. , Vasyunin A. I. , Vazart F. , Yamamoto S. , Witzel A. 
Published: March 2022

Context.Protostellar jets are an important agent of star formation feedback, tightly connected with the mass-accretion process. The history of jet formation and mass ejection provides constraints on the mass accretion history and on the nature of the driving source.Aims.We characterize the time-variability of the mass-ejection phenomena at work in the class 0 protostellar phase in order to better understand the dynamics of the outflowing gas and bring more constraints on the origin of the jet chemical composition and the mass-accretion history.Methods.Using the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer, we have observed the emission of the CO 2–1 and SONJ= 54–43rotational transitions at an angular resolution of 1.0″ (820 au) and 0.4″ (330 au), respectively, toward the intermediate-mass class 0 protostellar system Cep E.Results.The CO high-velocity jet emission reveals a central component of ≤400 au diameter associated with high-velocity molecular knots that is also detected in SO, surrounded by a collimated layer of entrained gas. The gas layer appears to be accelerated along the main axis over a length scaleδ0~ 700 au, while its diameter gradually increases up to several 1000 au at 2000 au from the protostar. The jet is fragmented into 18 knots of mass ~10−3M⊙, unevenly distributed between the northern and southern lobes, with velocity variations up to 15 km s−1close to the protostar. This is well below the jet terminal velocities in the northern (+ 65 km s−1) and southern (−125 km s−1) lobes. The knot interval distribution is approximately bimodal on a timescale of ~50–80 yr, which is close to the jet-driving protostar Cep E-A and ~150–20 yr at larger distances >12″. The mass-loss rates derived from knot masses are steady overall, with values of 2.7 × 10−5M⊙yr−1and 8.9 × 10−6M⊙yr−1in the northern and southern lobe, respectively.Conclusions.The interaction of the ambient protostellar material with high-velocity knots drives the formation of a molecular layer around the jet. This accounts for the higher mass-loss rate in the northern lobe. The jet dynamics are well accounted for by a simple precession model with a period of 2000 yr and a mass-ejection period of 55 yr.
Exploring the experiences, psychological well-being and needs of frontline healthcare workers of government hospitals in India: a qualitative study
Authors: Romate John , Rajkumar Eslavath 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to understand the experiences, challenges, psychological well-being and needs of clinical and non-clinical government healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Hyderabad-Karnataka (H-K) region. This qualitative study used purposive sampling method to recruit 221 HCWs working in the H-K region government hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with those HCWs who agreed to participate. The data analyzed using conventional content analysis revealed three main themes: (1) experiences and challenges faced by HCWs; (2) psychological well-being and coping strategies used by HCWs; and (3) experience of and need for social support. The main findings of the current study are as follows: The HCWs experienced fear and apprehension during the early stages of the pandemic, but gradually, their fears reduced, and they perceived the situation to be the “new normal”. They experienced work-related (scarcity of resources, problems with PPE, communication issues, violence, and stigma) and family-related (fear of infecting family members, choosing work over family, inability to undertake family roles) challenges while serving during the pandemic. They reported increased psychological issues (psychological distress, experience of loss, and feelings of guilt and helplessness). Conversely, they reported a need for emotional stability. The HCWs reported using adaptive (emotion-focused, problem-focused, and religious) and maladaptive (avoidance and substance abuse) coping strategies to cope with these challenges and psychological problems. They also sought social support (from family, friends, colleagues, and superiors) and raised the need for organizational, personal, and societal support to cope with the pandemic. The HCWs experienced physical and psychological burnout, especially from stretching beyond the assigned roles due to a shortage of resources and workforce. However, amidst juggling with work and family responsibilities, HCWs were found to be emotionally stable and reported to have a positive outlook in general. Besides, emphasizing the regulation of policies for meeting their primary needs, they stressed the need for professional psychological services with need-based intervention strategies.