bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of melatonin to the thalamic lesion-induced pain and comorbid sleep disturbance in the animal model of the central post-stroke hemorrhage
Authors: Kaur Tavleen , Shih Hsi-Chien , Huang Andrew Chih Wei , Shyu Bai-Chuang 
Published: September 2022

The devastating chronic central post stroke pain is associated with variety of comorbidities. Disrupted sleep is a severe comorbidity, causing an increase in the suicide rate, due to CPSP’s pain symptom. Melatonin is a well-known jet-lag compound, which helps in entrainment of sleep cycle. Accordingly, whether melatonin as a therapeutic measurement for the regulation of sleep disturbance related to central post stroke pain remains unclear. Exogenous melatonin administration entrained the disrupted 24 h circadian cycle, more effectively after 2 and 3 week of administration. The effect of melatonin was persisted on 4th week too, when melatonin administration was discontinued. Also, melatonin ameliorated the pain due to distorted sleep-activity behavior after melatonin administration for 3 weeks. The low levels of melatonin in blood plasma due to CPSP were restored after 3 weeks of melatonin administration. After 30 mg/kg melatonin administrations for 3 weeks, all the disrupted resting and activity behaviors were reduced during light and dark periods. The results suggested that melatonin significantly ameliorated CPSP’s pain symptoms and comorbid sleep disturbance showing in activity behavior.
Is Lenke Rule About Selective Thoracic Fusion Applicable for Younger Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis Under 40 Years of Age: Comparison With Adolescent Patients
Authors: Yi Honglei , Chen Hu , Wang Xinhui , Ye Zhujun , Xia Hong 
Published: September 2022

Study Design Retrospective study. Objective To evaluate the surgical outcomes of younger adult idiopathic scoliosis patients (YAdIS) with selective thoracic fusion by comparing them with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Seventy-two idiopathic scoliosis patients (36 adults and 36 adolescents) treated by posterior-only all-pedicle screw technique were retrospective reviewed and matched by fusion levels. Radiographic parameters were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up. Operating time, blood loss, transfusion, and complications were noted. The clinical outcome was assessed by the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22). Results The major thoracic curves in YAdIS and AIS groups were 56.3° ± 9.7°, 53.3° ± 10.1° and corrected to 17.2° ± 7.3°, 14.9° ± 7.5° respectively without significant difference in correction rate (69.3% vs 72.0%). For the lumbar curve, Cobb angles in 2 groups were 35.6° ± 10.1°and 31.4 ± 9.2° preoperatively, and were spontaneously corrected to 18.5° ± 9.0° and 12.6° ± 8.2°.Correction rates were 48.0% and 59.8% ( P < .05). Preoperative and postoperative coronal vertebra alignments (CVA) in the YAdIS group were 20.6 ± 9.7 mm and 16.8 ± 7.9 mm ( P > .05), while in the AIS group was 17.8 ± 10.5 mm and 9.7 ± 8.3 mm ( P < .05). However, sagittal parameters showed significant improvements in thoracic kyphosis in both groups ( P < .05). Complication rates were 25% vs 11.1% ( P = .13) with no significant difference. Preoperative SRS-22 was worse in the YAdIS group than AIS group. All the scores were significantly improved postoperatively in the YAdIS group. However, in the AIS group, only SRS scores improved significantly. Conclusions YAdIS can also be treated very well with selective thoracic fusion based on the Lenke rule used for AIS.
Variable Stiffness Identification and Configuration Optimization of Industrial Robots for Machining Tasks
Authors: Jiao Jiachen , Tian Wei , Zhang Lin , Li Bo , Hu Junshan , Li Yufei , Li Dawei , Zhang Jianlong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndustrial robots are increasingly being used in machining tasks because of their high flexibility and intelligence. However, the low structural stiffness of a robot significantly affects its positional accuracy and the machining quality of its operation equipment. Studying robot stiffness characteristics and optimization methods is an effective method of improving the stiffness performance of a robot. Accordingly, aiming at the poor accuracy of stiffness modeling caused by approximating the stiffness of each joint as a constant, a variable stiffness identification method is proposed based on space gridding. Subsequently, a task-oriented axial stiffness evaluation index is proposed to quantitatively assess the stiffness performance in the machining direction. In addition, by analyzing the redundant kinematic characteristics of the robot machining system, a configuration optimization method is further developed to maximize the index. For numerous points or trajectory-processing tasks, a configuration smoothing strategy is proposed to rapidly acquire optimized configurations. Finally, experiments on a KR500 robot were conducted to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed stiffness identification and configuration optimization methods.
Plastic–elastic Model for Water-based Lubrication Considering Surface Force
Authors: Zhang Shuowen , Zhao Mingbo , Zhang Chenhui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWater-based lubrication is an effective method to achieve superlubricity, which implies a friction coefficient in the order of 10−3 or lower. Recent numerical, analytical, and experimental studies confirm that the surface force effect is crucial for realizing water-based superlubricity. To enhance the contribution of the surface force, soft and plastic materials can be utilized as friction pair materials because of their effect in increasing the contact area. A new numerical model of water-based lubrication that considers the surface force between plastic and elastic materials is developed in this study to investigate the effect of plastic flow in water-based lubrication. Considering the complexity of residual stress accumulation in lubrication problems, a simplified plastic model is proposed, which merely calculates the result of the dry contact solution and avoids repeated calculations of the plastic flow. The results of the two models show good agreement. Plastic deformation reduces the local contact pressure and enhances the function of the surface force, thus resulting in a lower friction coefficient.
Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood
Authors: Phu Tiffany , Doom Jenalee R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Although associations between cumulative risk, sleep, and overweight/obesity have been demonstrated, few studies have examined relationships between these constructs longitudinally across childhood. This study investigated how cumulative risk and sleep duration are related to current and later child overweight/obesity in families across the United States sampled for high sociodemographic risk.

Methods
We conducted secondary analyses on 3690 families with recorded child height and weight within the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study. A cumulative risk composite (using nine variables indicating household/environmental, family, and sociodemographic risk) was calculated for each participant from ages 3-9 years. Path analyses were used to investigate associations between cumulative risk, parent-reported child sleep duration, and z-scored child body mass index (BMI) percentile at ages 3 through 9.

Results
Higher cumulative risk experienced at age 5 was associated with shorter sleep duration at year 9, b = − 0.35, p = .01, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.11]. At 5 years, longer sleep duration was associated with lower BMI, b = − 0.03, p = .03, 95% CI [− 0.06, − 0.01]. Higher cumulative risk at 9 years, b = − 0.34, p = .02, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.10], was concurrently associated with shorter sleep duration. Findings additionally differed by child sex, such that only male children showed an association between sleep duration and BMI.

Conclusions
Results partially supported hypothesized associations between child sleep duration, cumulative risk, and BMI emerging across childhood within a large, primarily low socioeconomic status sample. Findings suggest that reducing cumulative risk for families experiencing low income may support longer child sleep duration. Additionally, child sleep duration and BMI are concurrently related in early childhood for male children.
Analysis of occupational stress and its correlation with oxidative-antioxidant levels among employees of a power grid enterprise in Guangdong
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Liu Bin , Zhou Linqian , Cai Yashi , Guo Weizhen , Huang Weixu , Yan Xuehua , Chen Huifeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Occupational stress and its health effects on occupational populations have attracted extensive attention from researchers in public health. The stressors faced by employees of power grid enterprises are increasing progressively, which is easy to cause occupational stress. The balance of the body’s oxidative-antioxidant levels plays an essential role in maintaining the body’s health status. This study aims to explore occupational stress and its correlation with oxidative-antioxidant levels in employees of a power grid enterprise.

Methods
A cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the basic information of 528 employees in a power grid enterprise and investigate the two occupational stress models of employees by using the Job Content Questionnaire based on the job demand-control-support (JDC) model, and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire based on the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model, respectively. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the employees to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The correlation between different models of occupational stress level and the body’s oxidation-antioxidation level was further explored.

Results
The detection rate of high JDC model occupational stress was 50.6% and the detection rate of high ERI model occupational stress was 50.9%. The JDC model occupational stress was significantly associated with high-temperature and high-altitude operation, visual display terminal operation, monthly income, and exercise (all P < 0.05). The ERI model occupational stress was significantly associated with visual display terminal operation (all P < 0.05). The results of the generalized additive model showed that SOD levels had a non-linear relationship with the D/C ratio as well as the E/R ratio. With the D/C ratio close to 1, SOD levels raised rapidly. When the E/R ratio exceeded 1, the SOD level raised rapidly (all P<0.05) . TAC levels were negatively associated with the E/R ratio (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The detection rates of occupational stress in both models among employees in a power grid enterprise are higher. ERI model occupational stress was associated with body TAC and SOD levels, and JDC model occupational stress was associated with body SOD levels.
Aerosol reduction efficacy of different intra-oral suction devices during ultrasonic scaling and high-speed handpiece use
Authors: Piela Krystyna , Watson Paddy , Donnelly Reuben , Goulding Marilyn , Henriquez Fiona L. , MacKay William , Culshaw Shauna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in the provision of dental services, aimed at reducing the spread of respiratory pathogens through restrictions on aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). Evaluating the risk that AGPs pose in terms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is complex, and measuring dental aerosols is challenging. To date, few studies focus on intra-oral suction. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of commonly used intra-oral suction devices on aerosol mitigation.

Methods
Ultrasonic scaling and high-speed handpiece procedures were undertaken to generate aerosol particles. Multiple particle sensors were positioned near the oral cavity. Sensor data were extracted using single board computers with custom in-house Bash code. Different high-volume and low-volume suction devices, both static and dynamic, were evaluated for their efficacy in preventing particle escape during procedures.

Results
In all AGPs the use of any suction device tested resulted in a significant reduction in particle counts compared with no suction. Low-volume and static suction devices showed spikes in particle count demonstrating moments where particles were able to escape from the oral cavity. High-volume dynamic suction devices, however, consistently reduced the particle count to background levels, appearing to eliminate particle escape.

Conclusions
Dynamic high-volume suction devices that follow the path of the aerosol generating device effectively eliminate aerosol particles escaping from the oral cavity, in contrast to static devices which allow periodic escape of aerosol particles. Measuring the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a dental setting is multi-factorial; however, these data suggest that the appropriate choice of suction equipment may further reduce the risk from AGPs.
Nurse, midwife and patient perspectives and experiences of diabetes management in an acute inpatient setting: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Holton Sara , Rasmussen Bodil , Turner Joy , Steele Cheryl , Ariarajah Deepa , Hamblin Shane , Crowe Shane , Schutte Sandy , Wynter Karen , Hussain Ilyana Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In an acute hospital setting, diabetes can require intensive management with medication modification, monitoring and education. Yet little is known about the experiences and perspectives of nursing/midwifery staff and patients. The aim of this study was to investigate diabetes management and care for patients with diabetes in an acute care setting from the perspectives of nursing/midwifery staff and patients.

Methods
A convergent mixed-methods study design. Patients with diabetes (Type 1, Type 2 or gestational diabetes) recruited from a public health service in Melbourne, Australia completed a survey and nurses and midwives employed at the health service participated in focus groups. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the survey data. Thematic analysis was used for the free-text survey comments and focus group data.

Results
Surveys were completed by 151 patients. Although more than half of the patients were satisfied with the diabetes care they had received (n = 96, 67.6%), about a third felt the hospital nursing/midwifery staff had ignored their own knowledge of their diabetes care and management (n = 43, 30.8%). Few reported having discussed their diabetes management with the nursing/midwifery staff whilst in hospital (n = 47, 32.6%) or thought the nurses and midwives had a good understanding of different types of insulin (n = 43, 30.1%) and their administration (n = 47, 33.3%). Patients also reported food related barriers to their diabetes management including difficulties accessing appropriate snacks and drinks (n = 46, 30.5%), restricted food choices and timing of meals (n = 41, 27.2%). Fourteen nurses and midwives participated in two focus groups. Two main themes were identified across both groups: 1. challenges caring for patients with diabetes; and 2. lack of confidence and knowledge about diabetes management.

Conclusions
Patients and nursing/midwifery staff reported challenges managing patients’ diabetes in the hospital setting, ensuring patients’ optimal self-management, and provision of suitable food and timing of meals. It is essential to involve patients in their diabetes care and provide regular and up-to-date training and resources for nursing/midwifery staff to ensure safe and high-quality inpatient diabetes care and improve patient and staff satisfaction.
Device-measured physical activity and incident affective disorders
Authors: Ho Frederick K. , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Parra-Soto Solange , Boonpor Jirapitcha , Gill Jason M. R. , Gray Stuart R. , Pell Jill P. , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies on physical activity (PA) and mental health are largely limited to self-reported PA. This study aims to use prospective cohort data to investigate the association between device-measured PA and affective disorders.

Methods
A total of 37,327 participants from UK Biobank who had not had any prior affective disorder diagnoses were included in this prospective cohort study. Wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure total, light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous (VPA) PA. Associations between PA domains and affective disorders were analysed using penalised splines in Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were adjusted for other intensity-specific PA and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Sensitivity analyses were conducted adjusting for body mass index and longstanding illnesses as well as excluding events in the first 2 years of follow-up. Preventable fractions for the population were estimated for MPA and VPA.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 1262 (3.4%) individuals were diagnosed with affective disorders. Replacing 30 min of sedentary behaviour in a week with MPA (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.97) or VPA (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.98) was associated with lower risk of affective behaviours, up to 500 and 120 min of MPA and VPA. Assuming causality, 5.14% and 18.88% of affective disorders could have been prevented if MPA ≥150 min/week and VPA ≥75 min/week were achieved, respectively, across the study population.

Conclusions
Device-measured MPA and VPA were associated with lower risk of affective disorders. The potential mental health benefits of MPA continue to accrue above the current World Health Organization recommendation.
Cigarette smoke exposed airway epithelial cell-derived EVs promote pro-inflammatory macrophage activation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Khodayari Nazli , Oshins Regina , Mehrad Borna , Lascano Jorge E. , Qiang Xiao , West Jesse R. , Holliday L. Shannon , Lee Jungnam , Wiesemann Gayle , Eydgahi Soroush , Brantly Mark 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder most commonly secondary to a single mutation in the SERPINA1 gene (PI*Z) that causes misfolding and accumulation of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in hepatocytes and mononuclear phagocytes which reduces plasma AAT and creates a toxic gain of function. This toxic gain of function promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype in macrophages that contributes to lung inflammation and early-onset COPD, especially in individuals who smoke cigarettes. The aim of this study is to determine the role of cigarette exposed AATD macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells in AATD-mediated lung inflammation.

Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AATD and healthy individuals were differentiated into alveolar-like macrophages and exposed to air or cigarette smoke while in culture. Macrophage endoplasmic reticulum stress was quantified and secreted cytokines were measured using qPCR and cytokine ELISAs. To determine whether there is “cross talk” between epithelial cells and macrophages, macrophages were exposed to extracellular vesicles released by airway epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke and their inflammatory response was determined.

Results
AATD macrophages spontaneously produce several-fold more pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to normal macrophages. AATD macrophages have an enhanced inflammatory response when exposed to cigarette smoke-induced extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from airway epithelial cells. Cigarette smoke-induced EVs induce expression of GM-CSF and IL-8 in AATD macrophages but have no effect on normal macrophages. Release of AAT polymers, potent neutrophil chemo attractants, were also increased from AATD macrophages after exposure to cigarette smoke-induced EVs.

Conclusions
The expression of mutated AAT confers an inflammatory phenotype in AATD macrophages which disposes them to an exaggerated inflammatory response to cigarette smoke-induced EVs, and thus could contribute to progressive lung inflammation and damage in AATD individuals.
Ferroptosis is involved in regulating perioperative neurocognitive disorders: emerging perspectives
Authors: Song Yanhong , Wu Ziyi , Xue Hang , Zhao Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the twenty-first century, the development of technological advances in anesthesia and surgery has brought benefits to human health. However, the adverse neurological effects of perioperative-related factors (e.g., surgical trauma, anesthesia, etc.) as stressors cannot be ignored as well. The nervous system appears to be more “fragile” and vulnerable to damage in developing and aging individuals. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death proposed in 2012. In recent years, the regulation of ferroptosis to treat cancer, immune system disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases have seen an unprecedented surge of interest. The association of ferroptosis with perioperative neurocognitive disorders has also received much attention. Cognitive impairment can not only affect the individual’s quality of life, but also impose a burden on the family and society. Therefore, the search for effective preventive and therapeutic methods to alleviate cognitive impairment caused by perioperative-related factors is a challenge that needs to be urgently addressed. In our review, we first briefly describe the connection between iron accumulation in neurons and impairment of brain function during development and aging. It is followed by a review of the pathways of ferroptosis, mainly including iron metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, we analyze the connection between ferroptosis and perioperative-related factors. The surgery itself, general anesthetic drugs, and many other relevant factors in the perioperative period may affect neuronal iron homeostasis. Finally, we summarize the experimental evidence for ameliorating developmental and degenerative neurotoxicity by modulating ferroptosis. The suppression of ferroptosis seems to provide the possibility to prevent and improve perioperative neurocognitive impairment.