bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of acrylamide-based thermoresponsive copolymer with potential capability for physical network formation in water: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Rasouli Sajad , Moghbeli Mohammad Reza , Hashemianzadeh Seyed Majid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, a new smart copolymer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-polyacrylamide-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm-b-PAM-b-PNIPAm) was designed as an efficient thermo-sensitive polymer with a potential for formation a physical network structure above a certain temperature in water. To design the desired copolymer, molecular behaviors of the copolymer blocks were investigated in water at different blocks fractions and temperatures via atomistic simulation. The blocks were evaluated from the interactional aspects via estimating the electrostatic and van der Waals contributions of their interaction energies with the media to consider the amount of hydrophilicity variation of the blocks with temperature variation. To find the origin of changes in blocks hydrophilicity, the structure and orientation of interfacial water were determined via calculating coordination number and order parameters of the water molecules in the first and second hydration shell of the blocks. In this regard, a novel parameter based on water ordering and hydration level was presented. The PAM block in the copolymer with shorter PNIPAm blocks, particularly 8 mol% (percentage by mole) PNIPAm, enforced the thermoresponsive end blocks to behave like a water-soluble polymer above their lower critical solution temperature. In contrast, increasing the PNIPAm content to 32 mol% caused an interactive competition between the blocks. Finally, the copolymer with the PNIPAm/PAM = 0.19 was found as the most efficient copolymer composition for the mentioned goal via using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the calculated responses.
Microstructure and shape memory properties of Cu-Al-Fe alloys with different Al contents made by additive manufacturing technology
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Huang Jinlei , Chen Sheng , Yuan Xiaoming , Zhu Jian , Xu Duo , Mao Jizhou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Al contents play an exceedingly important role in Cu-Al system shape memory alloys (SMAs), and Cu-Al-Fe alloy represents the new development directions of Cu-Al system SMAs. The Cu-xAl-4Fe (x = 11, 13, 15 wt%) alloys, which take the powder core wire with a structure resistant to element burning as additive manufacturing materials, were prepared by arc melt deposition process. In this work, the as-deposited, quenched and deformed microstructure was studied in detail by utilizing OM, SEM, and XRD. The shape memory properties of the alloys were analyzed by the bending tests. The effect mechanism of the Al content on the shape memory properties of Cu-Al-Fe alloys was also investigated. Results show that the as-deposited microstructure presents sub-eutectic to hyper-eutectic characteristics with the rise in Al content. After quenching, the microstructure of 11 wt% Al, 13 wt% Al, and 15 wt% Al alloys are the α‘ martensite, the β
1’ martensite, and the β
1 austenite with high order degrees. Under 4% pre-strain, the shape memory recovery rate of the 13 and 15 wt% Al alloy is 100%, but the shape memory recovery rate of 11 wt% Al alloy is only 22.6%. However, compared with the ductility of 11 and 13 wt% Al alloy, that of 15 wt% Al alloy is poor, which causes failure to withstand 4% bending pre-strain. After bending deformation, cracks of 15 wt% Al alloy along the crystals appear and cause the memory strip to break. The analysis indicates that the properties of Cu-Al-Fe alloy have an intense sensitivity to the Al element. The martensitic order degree of the alloy is elevated with the increase in the Al content, and the grain interface gradually becomes sharper. Solidification impurities are formed at the grain boundary during the additive manufacturing process due to the influence of the interface energy. At the same time, the invading O2 combines with the more active Al element to form metal oxidation, which markedly reduces the grain boundary strength and the bending strength of the alloy. As a result, the shape memory properties cannot be reflected in the case of high Al content.
Design and efficiency enhancement of FTO/PC60BM/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au perovskite solar cell utilizing SCAPS-1D Simulator
Authors: Bouazizi Sarra , Tlili Wahiba , Bouich Amal , Soucase Bernabé Marí , Omri Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The poisoning potential of lead, which is the main component of the absorber layer of lead halide (Pb) perovskites, as well as the stability problems of the manufactured devices, constitute a major obstacle to the industrialization of this technology. As a result, recent research is concentrating on lead-free metal halide perovskites. Unfortunately, current lead-free perovskites suffer from poor performance, hence the interest of our study. The research presented here shows that optimizing several variables related to the performance of each layer of a perovskite solar cell (PSC) constructed from lead-free inorganic materials provides an efficiency of 18.13%. We designed a structure with outstanding performance using the FTO/PC60BM/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au configuration. The impact of various relevant factors, such as the thickness and defect density of the absorber layer their doping densities, the back contact work, and the operating temperature, have been thoroughly investigated to boost the performance of the proposed device. The performance of cesium-tin-germanium triiodide (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) solar cells with different electron transport materials, including ZnO, TiO2, CdS, C60; Cd0.5Zn0.5S, IGZO, has also been examined. It has been demonstrated that using ZnO as an electron transport layer improves electron extraction and, therefore, performance. The best outcomes are obtained after optimizing all the factors mentioned above, namely: Jsc of 28.70 mA/cm2, Voc of 1.115 V, FF of 87.86%, and PCE of 18.13%. Additionally, the explored structure may be an excellent candidate for the future development of lead-free perovskite solar cells.
Fundamentals of hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials
Authors: Zhang Linda , Allendorf Mark D , Balderas-Xicohténcatl Rafael , Broom Darren P , Fanourgakis George S , Froudakis George E , Gennett Thomas , Hurst Katherine E , Ling Sanliang , Milanese Chiara , Parilla Philip A , Pontiroli Daniele , Riccò Mauro , Shulda Sarah , Stavila Vitalie , Steriotis Theodore A , Webb Colin J , Witman Matthew , Hirscher Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Physisorption of hydrogen in nanoporous materials offers an efficient and competitive alternative for hydrogen storage. At low temperatures (e.g. 77 K) and moderate pressures (below 100 bar) molecular H2 adsorbs reversibly, with very fast kinetics, at high density on the inner surfaces of materials such as zeolites, activated carbons and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). This review, by experts of Task 40 ‘Energy Storage and Conversion based on Hydrogen’ of the Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme of the International Energy Agency, covers the fundamentals of H2 adsorption in nanoporous materials and assessment of their storage performance. The discussion includes recent work on H2 adsorption at both low temperature and high pressure, new findings on the assessment of the hydrogen storage performance of materials, the correlation of volumetric and gravimetric H2 storage capacities, usable capacity, and optimum operating temperature. The application of neutron scattering as an ideal tool for characterising H2 adsorption is summarised and state-of-the-art computational methods, such as machine learning, are considered for the discovery of new MOFs for H2 storage applications, as well as the modelling of flexible porous networks for optimised H2 delivery. The discussion focuses moreover on additional important issues, such as sustainable materials synthesis and improved reproducibility of experimental H2 adsorption isotherm data by interlaboratory exercises and reference materials.
A National Survey of Outpatient Platelet Transfusion Practice
Authors: O’Brien Kerry , Bakhtary Sara , Benson Kaaron , Stephens Laura , Lu Wen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Platelets are a limited resource frequently subject to inventory shortages. It benefits all to transfuse judiciously, according to evidence-based guidelines. Several organizations have published recommendations for platelet transfusions, but none specifically focused on outpatients. The Clinical Hemotherapy subsection of the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB) Transfusion Medicine Subsection Coordinating Committee conducted a survey targeting outpatient transfusions to understand current practice in the United States.

Methods
To determine use of platelets in the outpatient setting, a survey was developed, piloted, validated, and distributed by email to 735 AABB members. Frequencies were calculated and free-text comments categorized.

Results
A total of 317 responses were received (43% response rate) from 44 states. Half the respondents’ institutions have formal outpatient platelet guidelines. Slightly more than half the respondents (51%) with guidelines used a threshold of less than 10,000/µL when transfusing stable, afebrile outpatients, with 29% using less than 20,000/µL. Fewer than half (45%) monitored outpatient platelet use by prospective and retrospective audits, with the next-largest group (25%) using retrospective audits only.

Conclusions
Approximately half the respondents had outpatient guidelines, and half used a threshold of less than 10,000/µL when transfusing platelets to stable outpatients. Greater adoption of this threshold and monitoring may improve the nation’s platelet inventory.
Vignettes of Insight
Authors: Webber Grégoire 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
How is one to facilitate another’s coming to understand a basic good? If a good is basic, it is to be discerned without demonstration, for any demonstration would appeal to propositions more basic than the good and so deny the good its underived status. By comparing two ways in which John Finnis attempts to elicit in his reader the understanding that knowledge is a basic good, I introduce a methodology whereby one draws on everyday experiences to re-enact the inquiries and the non-practical insights that, together, facilitate the intellectual achievement that is a practical insight into a basic good. Called a vignette of insight, this methodology is deployed with respect to the basic goods of play and beauty, goods that Finnis now encompasses within the basic goods of knowledge and excellence in performance. I explore whether the vignette methodology offers us reason to maintain the distinctive nature of play and beauty as themselves basic goods.
Deficiency of CHAMP1, a gene related to intellectual disability, causes impaired neuronal development and a mild behavioural phenotype
Authors: Nagai Masayoshi , Iemura Kenji , Kikkawa Takako , Naher Sharmin , Hattori Satoko , Hagihara Hideo , Nagata Koh-ichi , Anzawa Hayato , Kugisaki Risa , Wanibuchi Hideki , Abe Takaya , Inoue Kenichi , Kinoshita Kengo , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Osumi Noriko , Tanaka Kozo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
CHAMP1 is a gene associated with intellectual disability, which was originally identified as being involved in the maintenance of kinetochore–microtubule attachment. To explore the neuronal defects caused by CHAMP1 deficiency, we established mice that lack CHAMP1. Mice that are homozygous knockout for CHAMP1 were slightly smaller than wild-type mice and died soon after birth on pure C57BL/6J background. Although gross anatomical defects were not found in CHAMP1−/− mouse brains, mitotic cells were increased in the cerebral cortex. Neuronal differentiation was delayed in CHAMP1−/− neural stem cells in vitro, which was also suggested in vivo by CHAMP1 knockdown. In a behavioural test battery, adult CHAMP1 heterozygous knockout mice showed mild memory defects, altered social interaction, and depression-like behaviours. In transcriptomic analysis, genes related to neurotransmitter transport and neurodevelopmental disorder were downregulated in embryonic CHAMP1−/− brains. These results suggest that CHAMP1 plays a role in neuronal development, and CHAMP1-deficient mice resemble some aspects of individuals with CHAMP1 mutations.
Short-term outcomes by chronic betablocker treatment in patients presenting to emergency departments with acute heart failure: BB-EAHFE
Authors: Jacob Javier , Haro Antoni , Tost Josep , Rossello Xavier , Llorens Pere , Herrero Pablo , Martín-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Gil Víctor , López-Grima María Luisa , Millán Javier , Aguirre Alfons , Garrido José Manuel , Calvo-Rodríguez Rafael , Pérez-Llantada Enrique , Sánchez-Nicolás José Andrés , Mir María , Rodríguez-Adrada Esther , Fuentes-De Frutos Marta , Roset Alex , Miró Òscar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the association between chronic treatment with betablockers (BB) and the severity of decompensation and short-term outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF).Methods and resultsWe consecutively included all patients presenting with AHF to 45 Spanish emergency departments (ED) during six different time-periods between 2007 and 2018. Patients were stratified according to whether they were on chronic treatment with BB at the time of ED consultation. Those receiving BB were compared (adjusted odds ratio—OR—with 95% confidence interval—CI—) with those not receiving BB group in terms of in-hospital and 7-day all-cause mortality, need for hospitalization, and prolonged length of stay (≥7 days). Among the 17 923 recruited patients (median age: 80 years; 56% women), 7795 (43%) were on chronic treatment with BB. Based on the MEESSI-AHF risk score, those on BB were at lower risk. In-hospital mortality was observed in 1310 patients (7.4%), 7-day mortality in 765 (4.3%), need for hospitalization in 13 428 (75.0%), and prolonged length of stay (43.3%). After adjustment for confounding, those on chronic BB were at lower risk for in-hospital all-cause mortality (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79–0.92, P &lt; 0.001); 7-day all-cause mortality (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.70–0.85, P &lt; 0.001); need for hospitalization (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85–0.94, P &lt; 0.001); prolonged length of stay (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86–0.94, P &lt; 0.001). A propensity matching approach yielded consistent findings.ConclusionIn patients presenting to ED with AHF, those on BB had better short-term outcomes than those not receiving BB.
De-frailing intervention for hospitalized cardiovascular patients in the TARGET-EFT randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ahmad Fayeza , Fountotos Rosie , Goldfarb Michael , Bharaj Neetika , Munir Haroon , Marsala John , Rudski Lawrence G , Afilalo Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Frailty is disproportionately prevalent in cardiovascular disease patients and exacerbated during hospital admissions, heightening the risk for adverse events and functional decline. Using the Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT) to target physical weakness, cognitive impairment, malnourishment, and anaemia, we tested a multicomponent targeted intervention to de-frail older adults with acute cardiovascular conditions during their hospital admission.

Methods and results
The TARGET-EFT trial was a single-center randomized clinical trial at the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada. We compared a multicomponent de-frailing intervention with usual clinical care. Intervention group patients received exercise, cognitive stimulation, protein supplementation, and iron replacement, as required. In this study, the primary outcome was frailty, as assessed by the SPPB score (Short Physical Performance Battery) at discharge, and the secondary outcome was the SARC-F score (Strength, Assistance walking, Rising from chair, Climbing, Falls) assessed 30 days later. The analysis consisted of 135 patients (mean age of 79.3 years; 54% female) who survived and completed the frailty assessments.
Compared with control patients, intervention group patients had a 1.52-point superior SPPB score and a 0.74-point superior SARC-F score. Subgroup analysis suggested that patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction may have attenuated benefits, and that patients who underwent invasive cardiac procedures had the greatest benefits from the intervention.

Conclusion
We achieved our objective of de-frailing older cardiac inpatients on a short-term basis by improving their physical performance and functioning using a pragmatic multicomponent intervention. This could have positive impacts on their clinical outcomes and ability to maintain independent living in the future.

One sentence summary
The multicomponent intervention targeted to the deficits of vulnerable older adults hospitalized with acute cardiovascular diseases successfully de-frailed them on a short-term basis, which can have positive implications on their post-discharge health outcomes.
Reduction for Branching Multiplicities
Authors: Chaput Pierre-Emmanuel , Ressayre Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A reduction formula for the branching coefficients of the restrictions of representations of a semisimple group to a semisimple subgroup is proved in [9, 17, 33]. This formula holds when the highest weights of the representations belong to a codimension $1$ face of the Horn cone, which by [32] corresponds to some Schubert coefficient equal to $1$. We prove a similar reduction formula when this Schubert coefficient is equal to $2$ and show some properties of the class of the branch divisor corresponding to a generically finite morphism naturally defined in this context.
Utilization patterns and efficiency gains from use of a fully EHR-integrated COVID-19 self-triage and self-scheduling tool: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Judson Timothy J , Pierce Logan , Tutman Avi , Mourad Michelle , Neinstein Aaron B , Shuler Gina , Gonzales Ralph , Odisho Anobel Y 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Symptom checkers can help address high demand for SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) testing and care by providing patients with self-service access to triage recommendations. However, health systems may be hesitant to invest in these tools, as their associated efficiency gains have not been studied. We aimed to quantify the operational efficiency gains associated with use of an online COVID-19 symptom checker as an alternative to a telephone hotline.

Methods
In our health system, ambulatory patients can either use an online symptom checker or a telephone hotline to be triaged and connected to COVID-19 care. We performed a retrospective analysis of adults who used either method between October 20, 2021 and January 10, 2022, using call logs, electronic health record data, and local wages to calculate labor costs.

Results
Of the 15 549 total COVID-19 triage encounters, 1820 (11.7%) used only the telephone hotline and 13 729 (88.3%) used the symptom checker. Only 271 (2%) of the patients who used the symptom checker also called the hotline. Hotline encounters required more clinician time compared to those involving the symptom checker (17.8 vs 0.4 min/encounter), resulting in higher average labor costs ($24.21 vs $0.55 per encounter). The symptom checker resulted in over 4200 clinician labor hours saved.

Conclusion
When given the option, most patients completed COVID-19 triage and visit scheduling online, resulting in substantial efficiency gains. These benefits may encourage health system investment in such tools.
Intravenous tocilizumab for Takayasu arteritis with aortic aneurysms, bilateral renal artery stenosis, and atypical aortic coarctation in a 2-year-old girl
Authors: Fujita Yuji , Tomiita Minako , Saida Sayumi , Omura Shohei , Sato Megumi , Otsubo Yuto , Takagi Yuhi , Kano Yuji , Sekine Kaori , Fukushima Keitaro , Kuwashima Shigeko , Yoshihara Shigemi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is classified as large vessel vasculitis, and continuous inflammation of the vessel results in aneurysm or stenosis, which leads to various serious complications. Recently, a TAKT [TAK treated with tocilizumab (TCZ)] study showed that subcutaneous TCZ, a humanised anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, is an effective treatment in patients with TAK above 12 years of age; however, the effectiveness of TCZ for juvenile TAK under 12 years old remains unclear. Here, we described the case of a 2-year-old girl with TAK, which was successfully treated with intravenous TCZ. She was diagnosed with TAK type V (Numano’s angiographic classification system) with aortic aneurysms, bilateral renal arteries stenosis, and atypical descending aortic coarctation based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings. Treatment was started with 2 mg/kg/day prednisolone (PSL) and methotrexate instead of methylprednisolone pulse due to renovascular hypertension. She was immediately afebrile and her C-reactive protein level decreased, although it was elevated 4 weeks after starting PSL. Intravenous TCZ of 8 mg/kg/2 weeks was added because the progression of aneurysms or stenosis might lead to a poor prognosis. PSL was steadily reduced under intravenous TCZ. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that aortic aneurysms, renal arteries stenosis, and aortic coarctation ameliorated 4 months after starting TCZ, with the amelioration maintained at 1 year after starting TCZ. Aneurysms and stenosis improved; therefore, TCZ may be effective for the treatment of inflammation of vessels, aneurysms, and stenosis. It is desirable to examine the effect of TCZ on TAK patients under 12 years of age.
Enhancer looping protein LDB1 regulates hepatocyte gene expression by cooperating with liver transcription factors
Authors: Liu Guoyou , Wang Lei , Wess Jürgen , Dean Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Enhancers establish proximity with distant target genes to regulate temporospatial gene expression and specify cell identity. Lim domain binding protein 1 (LDB1) is a conserved and widely expressed protein that functions as an enhancer looping factor. Previous studies in erythroid cells and neuronal cells showed that LDB1 forms protein complexes with different transcription factors to regulate cell-specific gene expression. Here, we show that LDB1 regulates expression of liver genes by occupying enhancer elements and cooperating with hepatic transcription factors HNF4A, FOXA1, TCF7 and GATA4. Using the glucose transporter SLC2A2 gene, encoding GLUT2, as an example, we find that LDB1 regulates gene expression by mediating enhancer–promoter interactions. In vivo, we find that LDB1 deficiency in primary mouse hepatocytes dysregulates metabolic gene expression and changes the enhancer landscape. Conditional deletion of LDB1 in adult mouse liver induces glucose intolerance. However, Ldb1 knockout hepatocytes show improved liver pathology under high-fat diet conditions associated with increased expression of genes related to liver fatty acid metabolic processes. Thus, LDB1 is linked to liver metabolic functions under normal and obesogenic conditions.
Thermophysical properties of the regolith on the lunar far side revealed by the in situ temperature probing of the Chang’E-4 mission
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Yu Shuoran , Huang Jun , Zhang He , Zhang Youwei , Xiao Long 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Temperature probes onboard the Chang’E-4 (CE-4) spacecraft provide the first in situ regolith temperature measurements from the far side of the Moon. We present these temperature measurements with a customized thermal model and reveal the particle size of the lunar regolith at the CE-4 landing site to be ∼15 μm on average over depth, which indicates an immature regolith below the surface. In addition, the conductive component of thermal conductivity is measured as ∼1.53 × 10–3 W m–1 K–1 on the surface and ∼8.48 × 10–3 W m–1 K–1 at a depth of 1 m. The average bulk density is ∼471 kg m–3 on the surface and ∼824 kg m–3 in the upper 30 cm of the lunar regolith. These thermophysical properties provide important additional ‘ground truth’ at the lunar far side, which is critical for the future analysis and interpretation of global temperature observations.