bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from three lacto‐fermented cereals mixed with whey, citrus, and tomato pomace
Authors: Yasar Sulhattin , Yerlikaya Sabire , Sen Arslan Hulya , Akgul Kubra , Simsek Hanife 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study tested the probiotic activities of bacteria and yeast isolates from three lacto‐fermented cereal (LFC) products which were earlier shown high probiotic efficacy in farm animals. LFC products were freshly produced by solid‐state fermentation using fresh whey without a starter culture. LFCa is a mixture of barley, whey, citrus pomace, LFCb of rye, whey, citrus pomace, and tomato pomace and LFCc of LFCb with an addition of ground thyme leaves at the end of fermentation. Six bacteria and two yeast species were isolated from LFC products and tested for probiotic activities. Candida spp and Saccharomyces spp exhibited low probiotic activities. However, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates, namely, Lactobacillus plantarum O33, Pediococcus pentosaceus 10, Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei O54, Enterococcus spp., Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis O3, and Lactobacillus curvatus O32 had overall high survival rates of 76% at pH 4.0, 95% at pH 5.0, 70% at 0.30% of bile salt, high exopolysaccharide production of 85 to 150 mg/L, acceptable aggregation rates of 19% of 4 h co‐aggregation with E. coli and 25% auto‐aggregation, high inhibition zones of 11 to 20 mm in diameter of pathogens and resistance to three antibiotics. Multivariate tests showed that Enterococcus spp. was the one with the highest probiotic efficacy. In conclusion, these LFC products can be used as probiotic supplements.Novelty impact statementThis study determined the probiotic activity of bacteria and yeasts isolated from lacto‐fermented cereals, previously shown to have high efficacy in animal studies. Yeast isolates exhibited low probiotic abilities, while six lactic acid bacteria isolated exhibited strong probiotic properties. Enterococcus spp. was found with the highest probiotic activities. The results showed that the products or isolated bacteria strains can safely be used in food and feed applications for health benefits.
Effect of fermentation on ameliorative properties of tamarind seed (Tamarindus indica) in sucrose‐induced diabetic‐like biochemical alterations in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Nwanna Esther E. , Aro Olayemi Philemon , Ogunsuyi Opeyemi Babatunde , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarlier studies have reported that tamarind seed, which is an underused part of the tamarind fruit tree, may be able to help treat diabetes. The seed has rich nutrient content, but its consumption is limited due to its hard structure and the presence of anti‐nutrients. To get over this constraint, the seed is usually pre‐treated to minimize anti‐nutrients and improve palatability. This study was carried out to determine the effect of fermentation on the ameliorative properties of tamarind seeds in sucrose‐induced diabetic‐like biochemical alterations in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were divided into six (6) groups of 40 flies each; group I (control) was fed a basal diet, group II was fed 30% sucrose only, and groups III–VI were fed 30% sucrose each and treated with varying concentrations of the sample (raw and fermented) for 14 days. The survival rate and behavioral studies were assessed after treatment. Furthermore, the homogenates were assayed for inhibitory activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase). Total thiol content and antioxidant enzyme activities like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase were also carried out. The results showed a reduction in survival rate and locomotor performance in the flies fed with high‐sucrose diet (HSD). Elevated levels of α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, ROS, and significantly reduced antioxidant enzyme activities were also observed in flies fed with HSD. These alterations were ameliorated in flies treated with dietary inclusions of both raw and fermented seeds; while no significant difference was observed between the ameliorative effects of raw and fermented samples against elevated α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase activities. However, fermented samples exhibited significantly higher antioxidant properties. Conclusively, this study revealed that the antidiabetic properties of tamarind seeds were conserved by fermentation with improved antioxidant properties in the Drosophila model of diabetes‐like biochemical alteratios.Practical applicationsThe fermentation processing method is one of the earliest in food processing and preservation. This approach has a variety of consequences for the bioactive elements in functional foods, hence, it is important to consider. Tamarind seeds have been reported in several studies for their anti‐hyperglycemic properties, but with a dearth of information on how different processing methods could affect this therapeutic effect. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the effect of fermentation, a food processing, and preservation method, on some behavioral and biochemical indices in the Drosophila model of diabetes‐like biochemical alterations.
Low methoxy feruloylated pectin from beetroot: Antioxidant and prebiotic properties
Authors: RamachandraRao Sonale Swapna , Pothuvan Kunnummal Saarika , Sori Nidhi , Reddy Jeevan Prasad , Khan Mahejibin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPectin was extracted from beetroot pulp by acid hydrolysis using two concentrations of acid, 0.05 M and 0.1 M HCl and designated BRP1 and BRP2, respectively. CHNS, FTIR, and DSC analyses confirmed the purity and characterized it as a low methoxyl (LM) pectin. DPPH (%) inhibition was 22 and 11 for BRP1 and BRP2 and antioxidant activity determined by FRAP assay was 51 μM TE/g and 15 μM TE/g for BRP1 and BRP2, respectively. BR pectin significantly (p ≤ .05) stimulated the growth of Limosilactobacillus fermentum compared with citrus pectin. The highest prebiotic activity score (0.75) was observed for BRP1, followed by BRP2 (0.66), BR pulp (0.26), and citrus pectin (0.09). In addition, L. fermentum produced a higher amount of SCFA with BRP1 and BRP2 compared to the control. These results confirmed the bioactive and health‐promoting potential of BR pectin and hence can be used as an effective bioactive ingredient for various functional foods.Novelty impact statement

Extraction of low methoxy pectin was investigated using two different concentrations of acid.

Structural and functional properties of pectin were influenced by acid extraction conditions.

Both pectins contain feruloylated sugars that contribute to their antioxidant properties

L. fermentum produced the highest amount of acetate with BRP1, whereas the highest amount of propionic acid and butyric acid was produced with BRP2.
Retinal organoids provide unique insights into molecular signatures of inherited retinal disease throughout retinogenesis
Authors: Watson Avril , Lako Majlinda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe demand for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)‐derived retinal organoid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) models for the modelling of inherited retinopathies has increased significantly in the last decade. These models are comparable with foetal retinas up until the later stages of retinogenesis, expressing all of the key neuronal markers necessary for retinal function. These models have proven to be invaluable in the understanding of retinogenesis, particular in the context of patient‐specific diseases. Inherited retinopathies are infamously described as clinically and phenotypically heterogeneous, such that developing gene/mutation‐specific animal models in each instance of retinal disease is not financially or ethically feasible. Further to this, many animal models are insufficient in the study of disease pathogenesis due to anatomical differences and failure to recapitulate human disease phenotypes. In contrast, iPSC‐derived retinal models provide a high throughput platform which is physiologically relevant for studying human health and disease. They also serve as a platform for drug screening, gene therapy approaches and in vitro toxicology of novel therapeutics in pre‐clinical studies. One unique characteristic of stem cell‐derived retinal models is the ability to mimic in vivo retinogenesis, providing unparalleled insights into the effects of pathogenic mutations in cells of the developing retina, in a highly accessible way. This review aims to give the reader an overview of iPSC‐derived retinal organoids and/or RPE in the context of disease modelling of several inherited retinopathies including Retinitis Pigmentosa, Stargardt disease and Retinoblastoma. We describe the ability of each model to recapitulate in vivo disease phenotypes, validate previous findings from animal models and identify novel pathomechanisms that underpin individual IRDs.
Age discrimination, the right to life, and COVID‐19 vaccination in countries with limited resources
Authors: Lloyd‐Sherlock Peter , Guntupalli Aravinda , Sempé Lucas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to develop and apply a simple yardstick based on remaining life expectancy to assess whether specific health policies unfairly discriminate against people on the basis of their age. This reveals that the COVID‐19 vaccine prioritization policies of several countries have discriminated against older people. Conversely, the exclusion of older people from COVID‐19 vaccine testing is shown to be non‐discriminatory, as is some degree of age prioritization for limited acute COVID‐19 care. Age discrimination in vaccine prioritization is shown to be embedded in wider ageist attitudes in health policy, which give the lives of older people a lower social value than the lives of people at younger ages.
Documenting the advocacy experiences among eight Latina mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Rios Kristina , Aleman‐Tovar Janeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInternationally, it has been recognized that parent involvement is an essential component of the special education process for children with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD). Parent involvement often includes parents advocating for their children. However, many parents face barriers when advocating to obtain appropriate special education services for their children with IDD. In the United States, Latinx families face greater systemic barriers (e.g., language and cultural differences) to access services for their own children with IDD. To this end, parents may turn to parent advocacy training programs to learn about special education and feel empowered to advocate for school services for their own children and other families of children with disabilities. Yet, it is unclear how Latinx families advocate for services for their own children and for other Latinx families of children with disabilities after attending an advocacy program. We designed a study to explore the advocacy experiences of eight Latinx families one year after attending an advocacy program. Participants reported that they used three advocacy strategies when advocating for their own children with disabilities: knowledge of special education law, non‐adversarial advocacy strategies, and requests for data. Notably, some participants reported not having an advocacy experience due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Noninvasive hydrostatic reduction of an ileocecocolic intussusception in a puppy
Authors: Neumann Geoffrey , Daure Evence 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 5‐week‐old male intact Golden Retriever puppy was presented for a history of vomiting and diarrhea with hematochezia. Ultrasound findings confirmed the presence of an ileocecocolic intussusception. Surgical correction was declined because of financial concerns. Based on a pediatric procedure used in humans, an ultrasound‐guided hydrostatic reduction (USGHR) was performed. This procedure consisted in injecting saline rectally under controlled pressure to mechanically reduce the intussusception. Reduction of the intussusception and evaluation of potential complications were concurrently evaluated by ultrasound during the procedure. No recurrence was observed the next day and the puppy was discharged. Follow‐up indicated that the dog was still doing well 6 months later. This case report describes a new technique in veterinary medicine allowing successful nonsurgical reduction of an ileocecocolic intussusception in a dog. This procedure is innovative, simple, and substantially decreases the cost and minimizes morbidity potentially associated with surgical management.
Hybrid‐derived weedy rice maintains adaptive combinations of alleles associated with seed dormancy
Authors: Imaizumi Toshiyuki , Kawahara Yoshihiro , Auge Gabriela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant hybridization is a pathway for the evolution of adaptive traits. However, hybridization between adapted and nonadapted populations may affect the persistence of combinations of adaptive alleles evolved through natural selection. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait for weedy rice because it regulates the timing of seed germination and the persistence of the soil seed bank. Hybridization between weedy and cultivated rice has been confirmed with an adaptive introgression of deep seed dormancy alleles from cultivated rice. Here, we explored the influence of hybridization on the conservation of adaptive allele combinations by evaluating natural variation and genetic structure in seed dormancy‐associated genomic regions. Based on sequence variation in the genomic regions associated with seed dormancy, hybrid‐derived weedy rice strains maintained most of the adaptive combinations for this trait observed in the parental weedy rice, despite equal representation of the parental weedy and cultivated rice in the whole genome sequence. Moreover, hybrid‐derived weedy rice strains were more dormant than their parental weedy rice strains, and this trait was strongly influenced by the environment. This study suggests that hybridization between weedy rice (adaptive allelic combinations for seed dormancy) and cultivated rice (nonadaptive combinations) generates weedy rice strains expressing deep seed dormancy caused by genome stabilization through the removal of alleles derived from cultivated rice, in addition to the adaptive introgression of deep seed dormancy alleles derived from cultivated rice. Thus, hybridization between adapted and nonadapted populations appears to be reinforcing the trajectory towards the evolution of adaptive traits.
Transcriptional regulator Sar regulates the multiple secretion systems in Xanthomonas oryzae
Authors: Shao Yanan , Tang Guiyu , Huang Yuanyuan , Ke Wenli , Wang Shasha , Zheng Dehong , Ruan Lifang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a notorious plant pathogen that causes leaf blight of rice cultivars. The pathogenic bacteria possess numerous transcriptional regulators to regulate various biological processes, such as pathogenicity in the host plant. Our previous study identified a new master regulator PXO_RS20790 that is involved in pathogenicity for Xoo against the host rice. However, the molecular functions of PXO_RS20790 are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that transcriptional regulator Sar (PXO_RS20790) regulates multiple secretion systems. The RNA‐sequencing analysis, bacterial one‐hybrid assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that Sar enables binding of the promoters of the T1SS‐related genes, the avirulence gene, raxX, and positively regulates these genes' expression. Meanwhile, we found that Sar positively regulated the T6SS‐1 clusters but did not regulate the T6SS‐2 clusters. Furthermore, we revealed that only T6SS‐2 is involved in interbacterial competition. We also indicated that Sar could bind the promoters of the T3SS regulators, hrpG and hrpX, to activate these two genes' transcription. Our findings revealed that Sar is a crucial regulator of multiple secretion systems and virulence.
Protocols for Conducting Drone Fieldwork in Togo, West Africa
Authors: West Colin Thor , Saparapa Rajah , Nomedji Koff , Maloney Devon , Moody Aaron 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFieldwork is a hallmark of anthropology and the experience of being in the field features prominently in scholarly works. The processes by which anthropologists obtain permission to conduct fieldwork, however, are rarely described. The study presented here discusses in substantial detail how a research project in Togo, West Africa obtained official authorization to conduct un‐crewed aerial vehicle (UAV or “drone”) fieldwork. Anthropologists are continually incorporating new technologies into their work and drones have the potential to become part of our methodological toolkit. For security reasons, however, drone importation and use is carefully controlled by governments. This article describes the processes and protocols by which a team of anthropologists obtained official permission for drone work in a West African country. As such, it provides a guide for how other researchers may obtain similar authorizations in other contexts and anticipate challenges in doing so.
Interactions between symptoms and psychological status in irritable bowel syndrome: An exploratory study of the impact of a probiotic combination
Authors: Groeger David , Murphy Eileen F. , Tan Hern Tze Tina , Larsen Ida Søgaard , O'Neill Ian , Quigley Eamonn M. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundStress is an exacerbator of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, and anxiety and depression are co‐morbidities. Bifidobacterium longum strains 1714® and 35642® attenuate stress responses in healthy people and reduce symptoms in IBS, respectively. Here, we explore relationships between the psychological and visceral effects of the two strains (COMBO) in IBS subjects and biomarkers of stress and inflammation.MethodsWe recruited 40 patients with IBS (Rome III) and mild to moderate anxiety (HADS‐A) and/or depression (HADS‐D) and 57 asymptomatic female controls with low or moderate stress. IBS patients were fed COMBO (1 × 109 cfu/day) for 8 weeks with an 8‐week washout. IBS symptoms, psychometric measures, salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR), and plasma inflammatory biomarkers were assessed every 4 weeks.Key resultsCompared to healthy controls, IBS subjects had a blunted CAR. Treatment with COMBO restored CAR and improved IBS symptoms compared to baseline during the treatment phase. The COMBO reduced HADS‐D, HADS‐A score, and TNF‐α, while sleep quality improved significantly from baseline to the end of the intervention. Surprisingly, these parameters improved further once treatment ended and maintained this improvement by Week 16.Conclusions and inferencesThese findings suggest that the stress response is a major driver of IBS symptoms. The time course of the beneficial effect of COMBO on IBS symptoms suggests that this is achieved through a restoration of the stress response. In contrast, the time course of the effects of COMBO on anxiety and depression in IBS paralleled an anti‐inflammatory effect as indicated by a reduction in circulating levels of TNF‐α.
Willingness to pay for medications among patients with Rome IV Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Ng Cho Ee , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about willingness to pay for medications among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsWe collected demographic, gastrointestinal symptom, psychological health, quality of life, and healthcare usage data from 752 adults with Rome IV‐defined IBS. We examined willingness to pay for a hypothetical medication in return for improvement in IBS symptoms using a contingent valuation method, according to these variables.ResultsThe median amount of money individuals was willing to pay was £1–£50 (IQR £0–£100) per month for a medication with a 100% chance of improving IBS symptoms. Women, compared with men, (92.7% willing to pay “£0,” 89.8% “£1–£50,” 87.3% “£51–£100,” 78.9% “£101–£200,” and 78.5% “more than £200,” p = 0.008) were less likely to be willing to pay for a pill with a 100% chance of improving IBS symptoms whilst those with an annual income of £30,000 or more (12.2% willing to pay “£0,” 25.2% “£1–£50,” 33.5% “£51–£100,” 40.2% “£101–£200,” and 35.1% “more than £200,” p = 0.002) were more likely. We observed a higher willingness to pay among those with lower IBS‐related quality of life (p = 0.002 for trend). Of all 752 individuals, 92.7%, 74.5%, and 58.0% would be willing to pay for a medication that would give them a 100%, 50%, or 30% chance of improving IBS symptoms, respectively.ConclusionPatients with IBS are willing to pay for medications which improve IBS symptoms. Future studies should investigate the relative importance of medication pricing, efficacy, and side effect profile among individuals with IBS.
Putting music to trial: Consensus on key methodological challenges investigating music‐based rehabilitation
Authors: Grau‐Sánchez Jennifer , Jamey Kevin , Paraskevopoulos Evangelos , Dalla Bella Simone , Gold Christian , Schlaug Gottfried , Belleville Sylvie , Rodríguez‐Fornells Antoni , Hackney Madeleine E. , Särkämö Teppo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMajor advances in music neuroscience have fueled a growing interest in music‐based neurological rehabilitation among researchers and clinicians. Musical activities are excellently suited to be adapted for clinical practice because of their multisensory nature, their demands on cognitive, language, and motor functions, and music's ability to induce emotions and regulate mood. However, the overall quality of music‐based rehabilitation research remains low to moderate for most populations and outcomes. In this consensus article, expert panelists who participated in the Neuroscience and Music VII conference in June 2021 address methodological challenges relevant to music‐based rehabilitation research. The article aims to provide guidance on challenges related to treatment, outcomes, research designs, and implementation in music‐based rehabilitation research. The article addresses how to define music‐based rehabilitation, select appropriate control interventions and outcomes, incorporate technology, and consider individual differences, among other challenges. The article highlights the value of the framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions for music‐based rehabilitation research and the need for stronger methodological rigor to allow the widespread implementation of music‐based rehabilitation into regular clinical practice.
Progranulin is essential for bone homeostasis and immunology
Authors: Chen Qian , Wu ZuPing , Xie Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntercellular communication or crosstalk between immune and skeletal cells is considered a crucial element in bone homeostasis modulation. Progranulin (PGRN) is an autocrine growth factor that is structured as beads‐on‐a‐string and participates in multiple pathophysiological processes, including atherosclerosis, arthritis, neurodegenerative pathologies, cancer, and wound repair. PGRN functions as a competitor that binds to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), thereby blocking the TNF‐α pathway. PGRN is regarded as an agonist of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, delaying the progression of inflammation through the TNFR2 pathway. The exploitation of PGRN may bring benefits for inflammatory bone diseases and the stabilization of bone homeostasis. The PGRN‐modified analog Atsttrin possesses three TNFR‐binding fragments and thereby exerts superior therapeutic effects on multiple preclinical animal models compared to PGRN. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of PGRN in bone formation, as well as in physiological and TNF‐α–mediated inflammatory conditions revealed in recent discoveries. We address potential therapies for the treatment of inflammatory bone conditions, such as periodontitis, by the use of PGRN and its derivative Atsttrin.