bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A laboratory analysis of the Kura‐Araxes pottery from Tepe Pirtaj using petrography and XRF techniques
Authors: Sharifi Mahnaz , Omrani Behrouz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSounding at the archaeological site of Tepe Pirtaj in Bijar of Kurdistan aimed to investigate the foremost cultural phenomenon of the third millennium bce across the Near East, namely the Kura‐Araxes culture, in the eastern Central Zagros, as the site promised to provide important insights into the spread of the culture in an easternmost tract of the Central Zagros. Characterized by a grey body often bearing incised decorations, the Kura‐Araxes material from Pirtaj shows high expertise in manufacture. The present study explored the pottery technology and manufacturing by selecting a sample of 12 sherds for petrographic and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The main objective was to examine the composition and structure, differences and comparisons, firing temperature and origin (local or imported) of the ceramics. This is of particular significance given the dearth of contemporaneous sites in Bijar. Petrographic and XRF analyses showed the ceramics to be indigenous to the region and, thus, locally produced. The whole sample was found to have been fired at temperatures below 800°C. Geological data attest to the abundance of slate, lime, quartz and calcite in the regional mountains and sediments. Thus the ceramics were locally produced, though some slight differences are discernible as regards technological aspects.
The effects of a gamified morphological awareness intervention on students' cognitive, motivational and affective outcomes
Authors: Qiao Shen , Yeung Susanna Siu‐sze , Shen Xiaoai , Chu Samuel Kai Wah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose: Morphological awareness (MA), the ability to reflect on and manipulate the smallest language units within a word, has been identified as an essential metalinguistic awareness to predict literacy development. In this study, we examine whether an online gamified English MA programme is more effective than physical face‐to‐face instruction in terms of cognitive, motivational and affective learning outcomes. Method: We applied a quasi‐experimental design using a sample of 33 students in an intervention group (gamified MA programme) and 49 in a control group (face‐to‐face programme). Both programmes were 8 hours in duration (30 minutes/session for 16 sessions). Students' cognitive, motivational and affective learning outcomes were evaluated before and after delivery of the programmes. We took an exploratory sequential mixed‐methods approach, in which qualitative data from semi‐structured interviews were used to validate the quantitative results. Results: The intervention group performed significantly better than the control group in MA and intrinsic motivation. No differences were found for word reading, reading comprehension or affective engagement. The qualitative analyses of the interview responses revealed in detail the students' perceptions of gamified learning. Conclusion: The findings provide evidence for the beneficial effects of gamified learning experiences in terms of cognitive and motivational outcomes in comparison to face‐to‐face instruction.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Morphological awareness (MA) is identified as a crucial reading‐related skill that relates to students' word reading and reading comprehension. However, few studies can be found that have investigated the use of gamification to teach MA.

Gamification is emerging as a popular approach to motivate learners and facilitate learning. However, limited evidence has been presented of its effects on students' cognitive, motivational and affective outcomes, and no clear theoretical framework for gamified MA learning designs has been established.

What this paper adds

In this study, the effects of gamified and face‐to‐face morphology programmes were compared.

Self‐determination theory was applied to gamification design and the meta design theory ‘First Principles of Instruction’ was applied in the development of online MA activities.

Gamified morphology programme is more effective than a face‐to‐face programme on students' cognitive and motivational outcomes.

Implications for practice and/or policy

This study advances the pedagogical design of gamified learning, which can be applied to the teaching of reading‐related skills such as MA.

Both appropriate uses of game design elements and theory‐driven instructional design are important to the success of gamified learning.

Future studies should investigate the design of gamification that encourage collaboration and support low‐achieving students.
People prefer to diversify across different types of prosocial behaviour
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Howard Andrea L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeople have multiple opportunities to act prosocial any given day but only limited resources to do so (e.g. time, effort and money they are willing to invest). We test whether people prefer to diversify their prosocial efforts across different types of help: casual help, direct help, indirect help and emotional support. In two daily diary studies (total N = 711), we examine whether previous prosocial behaviour affects subsequent prosocial behaviour for the same or other types of prosocial behaviour. We found that day‐to‐day prosocial behaviours reflected a diversified helping pattern. Participants were less likely to help the same way (i.e. the same type of prosocial behaviour) on subsequent days and more likely to help in different ways (i.e. a different type of prosocial behaviour). This tendency did not extend to casual help in Study 2, implying that the next day reduction in doing the same type of prosocial behaviour is limited to prosocial behaviours that are at least somewhat effortful or time consuming.
Morphology and distribution of scales, dermal ossifications, and other non‐feather integumentary structures in non‐avialan theropod dinosaurs
Authors: Hendrickx Christophe , Bell Phil R. , Pittman Michael , Milner Andrew R. C. , Cuesta Elena , O'Connor Jingmai , Loewen Mark , Currie Philip J. , Mateus Octávio , Kaye Thomas G. , Delcourt Rafael 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTModern birds are typified by the presence of feathers, complex evolutionary innovations that were already widespread in the group of theropod dinosaurs (Maniraptoriformes) that include crown Aves. Squamous or scaly reptilian‐like skin is, however, considered the plesiomorphic condition for theropods and dinosaurs more broadly. Here, we review the morphology and distribution of non‐feathered integumentary structures in non‐avialan theropods, covering squamous skin and naked skin as well as dermal ossifications. The integumentary record of non‐averostran theropods is limited to tracks, which ubiquitously show a covering of tiny reticulate scales on the plantar surface of the pes. This is consistent also with younger averostran body fossils, which confirm an arthral arrangement of the digital pads. Among averostrans, squamous skin is confirmed in Ceratosauria (Carnotaurus), Allosauroidea (Allosaurus,Concavenator,Lourinhanosaurus), Compsognathidae (Juravenator), and Tyrannosauroidea (Santanaraptor,Albertosaurus,Daspletosaurus,Gorgosaurus,Tarbosaurus,Tyrannosaurus), whereas dermal ossifications consisting of sagittate and mosaic osteoderms are restricted toCeratosaurus. Naked, non‐scale bearing skin is found in the contentious tetanuranSciurumimus, ornithomimosaurians (Ornithomimus) and possibly tyrannosauroids (Santanaraptor), and also on the patagia of scansoriopterygids (Ambopteryx,Yi). Scales are surprisingly conservative among non‐avialan theropods compared to some dinosaurian groups (e.g. hadrosaurids); however, the limited preservation of tegument on most specimens hinders further interrogation. Scale patterns vary among and/or within body regions inCarnotaurus,ConcavenatorandJuravenator, and include polarised, snake‐like ventral scales on the tail of the latter two genera. Unusual but more uniformly distributed patterning also occurs inTyrannosaurus, whereas feature scales are present only inAlbertosaurusandCarnotaurus. Few theropods currently show compelling evidence for the co‐occurrence of scales and feathers (e.g.Juravenator,Sinornithosaurus), although reticulate scales were probably retained on the mani and pedes of many theropods with a heavy plumage. Feathers and filamentous structures appear to have replaced widespread scaly integuments in maniraptorans. Theropod skin, and that of dinosaurs more broadly, remains a virtually untapped area of study and the appropriation of commonly used techniques in other palaeontological fields to the study of skin holds great promise for future insights into the biology, taphonomy and relationships of these extinct animals.
Bornavirus infection in human diseases and its molecular neuropathology
Authors: Honda Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBornavirus is a non‐cytolytic, neurotropic RNA virus that persistently infects the central nervous systems of vertebrates. Although bornavirus epidemiology has been investigated mainly in human psychiatric diseases for several decades, the involvement of persistent bornavirus infection in these diseases remains controversial. Recent studies have shown that two bornaviruses, Borna disease virus 1 and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in humans. In animal models, acute bornavirus infection causes immune‐mediated encephalomyelitis, whereas persistent infection induces neurobehavioral disturbances resembling human neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism. The neuropathology of persistent infection involves impairment in neural circuit formation and/or plasticity. Bornavirus P is a major pathogenic factor, which regulates neurite outgrowth, cell migration and synaptic plasticity. In addition, P disrupts the insulin‐like growth factor pathway and induces Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum, thereby causing autism‐like neuropathology. Furthermore, bornavirus infection has been shown to disrupt neurogenesis. During neurogenesis, long interspersed nucleotide element‐1, a retrotransposon, generates neuronal genomic and transcriptomic variances that are important for neural plasticity. Long interspersed nucleotide element‐1 retrotranspose their own mRNAs in uninfected cells, whereas they also retrotranspose bornavirus mRNAs in infected cells; therefore, the long interspersed nucleotide element‐1 retrotransposition required for neural plasticity might be disturbed by infections. The aim of the present article is to provide fundamental information on bornavirus infection in humans. Clinicians should consider bornavirus infection in at least two types of suspicious cases: non‐purulent fatal encephalitis with unknown etiology among patients who have had contact with animals or lived in a rural area and those related to organ transplantation.
TUBB3 immunostaining improves the diagnostic accuracy of oral liquid‐based cytology in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Oya Kaori , Kondo Yuko , Fukuda Yasuo , Kishino Mitsunobu , Toyosawa Satoru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough class III beta‐tubulin (TUBB3) is not expressed in normal epithelium, its expression in cancers of some organs has been reported. Herein, we investigated the expression pattern and expression levels of TUBB3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and assessed whether TUBB3 immunostaining could improve the diagnostic accuracy of oral scraping liquid‐based cytology (LBC).MethodsParaffin sections of biopsies from 107 patients with primary SCC and 30 patients with squamous papilloma of the tongue or gingiva were immunostained for TUBB3. In addition, 15 LBC samples obtained from the study participants with SCC were immunostained for TUBB3. Seven LBC samples were false‐negative. The TUBB3 expression level in each sample was evaluated and classified as 3+, 2+, 1+, or 0.ResultsTUBB3 expression was confirmed in 91.6% of paraffin‐embedded SCC specimens. Clear and diffuse positivity (2+ or above) was observed in 77.6% of the total cases. In the well‐differentiated type, tumour cells in the middle layer of the parenchyma specifically expressed TUBB3. In almost LBC samples, cancerous intermediate cells showed immunopositivity similar to that of paraffin samples, even if cellular atypia was not clear in Papanicolaou staining.ConclusionsTUBB3 immunostaining is useful for diagnosing oral SCC in scraping LBC, especially when samples consist of intermediate cells with little morphological change. Moreover, TUBB3 immunostaining could improve the diagnostic accuracy of oral scraping LBC by reducing false‐negatives.
Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis because of cefixime in a child: case report and review of pediatric cases
Authors: Akbayrak Atiye , Yazar Cemre , Alev Deresoy Faik , Sencan Mehtap , Yildiz Seckin Havva , Kutlu Omer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute localized exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP), a localized variant of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, is characterized by pin‐sized, non‐follicular, sterile pustules that typically appear on the face, neck, and chest.ObjectiveThe purpose of this report is to describe a case of ALEP in an 11‐year‐old girl because of cefixime and the etiological factors and clinical presentation of ALEP in pediatric group.MethodsWe described a case of ALEP in an 11‐year‐old girl because of cefixime; a systematic review of the literature was performed to identify the etiological factors and clinical presentation of ALEP in children.ResultsWe identified eight pediatric cases with ALEP. The causative agent was an herbal product in six cases, and pustular eruption was located on the face. In two cases, responsible agents were drugs (lamotrigine and amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid). The eruptions were localized on the penis and extremities, respectively.ConclusionALEP is very rare in the pediatric age group, and topical/systemic drugs or herbal products may be involved in the etiology.
Multi‐objective optimization of transporting blood products by routing UAVs: the case of Istanbul
Authors: Ozkan Omer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the blood is necessary for surgical operations, disease treatments, chronic disorders, and traumatic accidents, it is staminal to manage the flow in the supply chain of blood products from donors to patients that can save lives. Therefore, this paper focuses on transporting blood products from distribution centers to hospitals in cities by routing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The problem includes two objective functions as minimizing the used number of UAVs and their total travel distances, simultaneously by considering range, payload weight, and payload volume of UAVs. The problem also covers the blood product demands of hospitals and the supply capacities of distribution centers. A multi‐objective integer programming (MOIP) model and three multi‐objective metaheuristics are designed to solve the defined problem. To test the effectiveness of the proposed methods, real‐life blood product demands of hospitals in Istanbul for the year 2019 are obtained from the Turkish Red Crescent and several scenarios are created as the case study. In scenarios, two types of vertical take‐off and landing UAVs are considered, the MOIP is developed by using ILOG, solved via CPLEX, and the metaheuristics are coded in MATLAB. The results reveal that the proposed methods can find good solutions for the problem in acceptable CPU times.
Repressing high‐temperature radiative heat transfer in thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Aziz Hafiz Sartaj , Huang Muzhang , Li Zongyuan , Wan Chunlei , Pan Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhoton diffusion in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) significantly deteriorates the overall performance of gas turbines operating at high temperatures. This study presents the strategy of high‐temperature photon suppression, based on a ceramic composite consisting of the second component with a smaller refractive index and controlled particle size. Using the Mie theory, it is theoretically demonstrated that controlling the second component particle size closer/equal to the infrared radiation wavelength region (1–5 μm) could reduce photon diffusion. Ceramic composites comprised of 8 wt.% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ, matrix) and corundum (second component) with different particle sizes were prepared. The total and the photon thermal conductivity of the 8YSZ/corundum composites are lower than pure 8YSZ by ∼48.9% and ∼96.4% at 1200°C, respectively. With the addition of corundum into 8YSZ, the thermal radiation transport of 8YSZ is significantly suppressed due to the photon scattering produced by the lower refractive index and proper particle size of the corundum. Besides, the fracture toughness and hardness of composites increased by ∼20% and ∼13%, respectively, compared to the 8YSZ. Composite with the corundum particles size of 1 μm displays the lowest values of total and photon thermal conductivity at high temperature.
Ecological momentary assessment of mental health in adults at suicide risk: An observational study protocol
Authors: Kim Hyein , Park Sunyoung , Kim Youkyung , Kwon Seongae , Kim Heejung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe the research protocol for an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) designed to examine patterns of suicidal ideation and relevant psychosocial stress indicators in adults at risk for suicide.DesignThis observational and longitudinal study will collect data for 28 consecutive days.MethodsA total of 150 adults at risk for suicide will be recruited from a single suicide prevention centre and an outpatient clinic in Korea. Self‐report questionnaires will be administrated during weeks 0, 1, 3 and 5. Participants will receive text messages three times a day for 4 weeks prompting them to access an online survey link for daily mood survey including depression, anxiety, stress and suicidal ideation. In addition, for the first 2 weeks, they will wear an actigraphy device designed to collect actigraphic data in terms of sleep patterns and physical activity. Data analyses such as descriptive statistics, independent t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA, chi‐squared statistics and time‐series and correlation analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS 26.0 and SAS version 9.3. The study received funding from National Research Foundation of Korea in February 2020. Institutional Review Board approval for our study was obtained in April 2021.DiscussionsThis study will yield fundamental information about daily patterns of suicide ideation and psychosocial stress indicators to develop preventive interventions for adults at risk for suicide.ImpactOur study will contribute to the development of EMAs and interventions for adults at risk for suicide aimed at providing timely and individualized mental health services in a community setting.Trial Registration: The trial is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS). CRIS Registration Number: KCT0006165.
Chronic exposure to biomass ambient particulate matter triggers alveolar macrophage polarization and activation in the rat lung
Authors: Wang Shenlin , Chen Yuhua , Hong Wei , Li Bing , Zhou Yumin , Ran Pixin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unclear. We characterized the function of AMs in rats chronically exposed to biomass fuel smoke (BMF) and studied the signal pathways that regulate AMs polarization. One hundred and eighty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into BMF group and clean air control (CON) group. After BMF smoke exposure for 4 days, 1 month and 6 months, the cytokine secretion and function of AMs were determined by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages were cultured and exposed to particulate matter (PM) from the smoke. Exposure initially promoted pro‐inflammatory factors, but pro‐inflammatory macrophages shared features of anti‐inflammatory macrophages. Consistent with IL‐4 upregulated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, p‐Stat6 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in AMs elevated at 4 days of exposure. After 6 months of exposure, CD206, TGF‐β1 and p‐Smad3 were significantly higher than the control groups. PPARγ reversed the M1 phenotype induced by PM in vitro and drove the macrophages into the M2 phenotype. Altogether, the study demonstrates the dynamic phenotype and functional changes in AMs during exposure to BMF smoke.
Ion channels of cilia: Paramecium as a model
Authors: Valentine Megan S. , Van Houten Judith 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHolotrichous ciliates, like Paramecium, swim through their aqueous environment by beating their many cilia. They can alter swimming speed and direction, which seems to have mesmerized early microscopists of the 1600s. We know from extensive and elegant physiological studies and generation of mutants that these cells can be considered little swimming neurons because their ciliary beating is under bioelectric control of ion channels in the cilia. This chapter will focus on the ionic control of swimming behavior by ciliary ion channels, primarily in the holotrichous ciliate Paramecium. Voltage‐gated and calcium‐activated channels for calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium are regulated in a closely orchestrated manner that allows cilia to bend and propel the cell forward or backward. Sensory input that generates receptor potentials feeds into the control of this channel activity and allows the cell to turn or speed up. This in turn helps the cell to avoid predators or toxic conditions. While the focus is on P. tetraurelia and P. caudatum, the principles of ciliary ion channel activity and control are easily extendable to other ciliates and protists. The high conservation of channel and ion pump structures also extends the lessons from Paramecium to higher organisms.
Growth performance and hepatic antioxidants responses to early thermal conditioning in broiler chickens
Authors: Madkour Mahmoud , Aboelazab Osama , Abd El‐Azeem Nafisa , Younis Eman , Shourrap Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere are little data about antioxidants’ status responses to early thermal conditioning (TC) on broiler chickens. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the different time ages of thermal conditioning on antioxidants responses and the growth rate of broiler chicks. A total of two hundred forty‐one‐day‐old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) weighed on average 51.5 ± 0.5g were randomly distributed into four equal groups (60 chicks each), and chicks of each group were ranked in five replicates. The first group reared under the ambient temperature, while the second, third and fourth groups (TC3, TC5 and TC7) were subjected to early‐age thermal conditioning at 39°C for 6 h on the third, fifth and seventh day of age respectively. Broilers were fed ad‐libitum, and drinking water was a free choice during the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period that lasted 5 weeks, all experimental groups were exposed to heat challenge at 36°C for 6 h. Early‐age thermal conditioning did not affect growth performance. Plasma corticosterone elevation in TC5 (as a post‐challenge response) was the lowest among the experimental groups. Hepatic malondialdehyde significantly increased in TC5 and TC7 groups both at the post‐conditioning stage and at the end of the experimental period. Hepatic glutathione, glutathione S‐transferases, catalase and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased by early‐age thermal conditioning compared with non‐conditioned broilers. Microscopic examination of the liver sections from broilers chickens in TC5 and TC7 groups showed all the basic features of normal liver tissue, while the control and TC3 groups showed few necrotic areas. It could be concluded that early‐age thermal conditioning at 39°C for 6 h on the fifth day of age could improve the antioxidant defence system of broilers without any adverse effects on growth performance.