bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affluence vs. Destitution
Authors: N. N. 
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two years' “culture” during the In 2016 project's target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Freedom vs. Constraint
Authors: N. N. 
Published: February 2022

A cluster of arrays “provid[ing] principles of order within the unstructured simultaneity of everyday-worlds”* in Egypt and Tunisia in 2016, forming part of the two countries' “culture” during the In 2016 project's target year.
*H. U. Gumbrecht, In 1926: Living at the Edge of Time (1997), 443.
Gill Morphology and Formulae of European Astacidae
Authors: Kawai Tadashi , Policar Tomáš , Kouba Antonín 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examined gills (podobranchs, arthrobranchs and pleurobranchs) from five European Astacidae (Austropotamobius pallipes, Austropotamobius torrentium, Astacus astacus, Pontastacus leptodactylus and Pontastacus pachypus) to assess the relationships between their phylogeny and gill morphology and formulae. In addition, we checked for the presence or absence of pleurocoxal lappets. The morphology of the gills and associated structures was similar in all examined European astacid species except for three rudimentary pleurobranchs found in P. pachypus. In European Astacidae and Cambaroididae, the pleurocoxal lappets are absent but are present in the American Astacidae, Cambaridae and Parastacidae. The number of pleurobranchs decreases from the most primitive Parastacidae to the most advanced Cambaridae. Nevertheless, although the most primitive parastacid crayfish and the most advanced Cambaridae all have pleurocoxal lappets, they are absent in European Astacidae and Cambaroididae, which suggests that a reversible gill morphology has occurred in crayfish evolution.
Estratégias de transição para alta hospitalar utilizadas por enfermeiros: revisão integrativa
Authors: Gallo Valéria Cristina Lopes , Khalaf Daiana Kloh , Hammerschmidt Karina Silveira de Almeida , Santiago Mariane Lima , Vendruscolo Carine 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: identificar estratégias de transição do cuidado na alta hospitalar, utilizadas por enfermeiros para o fortalecimento da continuidade do cuidado, disponíveis na literatura científica. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, que incluiu estudos completos, tendo como referência as estratégias "care transition" OR "Continuity of Patient Care" OR "care continuity" AND nurse para as bases de dados BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS e WoS e "care transition" OR "care continuity" AND nurse para CINAHL, publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português, entre 2016 e 2020, que responderam à questão de revisão. Resultados: foram selecionados 23 artigos, e as estratégias de transição do cuidado para a alta hospitalar usadas por enfermeiros para o fortalecimento do cuidado foram educação em saúde, reconciliação medicamentosa, telemonitoramento, planejamento da alta, contrarreferência e visita domiciliar. Conclusão: o enfermeiro é responsável pelo desenvolvimento de estratégias de transição interconectadas para o fortalecimento do cuidado, desenvolvendo ações diversificadas que qualificam a atenção.
Adesão aos protocolos de atendimento para a não infecção de sítio cirúrgico de coluna
Authors: Krummenauer Eliane Carlosso , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo , Menezes Rochele Mosmann , Lima Telmo Tiburcio Fortes , Carneiro Marcelo 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a adesão aos protocolos de atendimento para a não infecção de sítio cirúrgico (NISC) de coluna e os fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal realizado por meio da revisão de 60 prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de coluna de 2015 a 2019, seu desfecho de não infecção e as condições relacionadas. O estudo foi executado no primeiro semestre de 2020. Resultados: algumas variáveis relacionadas para NISC foram: profilaxia antimicrobiana de 30 a 60 min antes da cirurgia (RR= 0,97; p=0,026), normotermia (RR= 0,80; p=0,050), internação pós cirúrgica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (até 3 dias) (RR=2,00; p=0,040). A frequência de NISC foi de 83,3% (50/60) p= 0,728). Conclusão: apenas a normotermia foi fator associado a não infecção para NISC na regressão linear. Ressalta-se que a adesão aos processos de trabalho são primordiais para a proteção das infecções, reduzir eventos adversos e garantir a segurança.
Quotations as Pictures
Authors: Stern Josef 
Published: February 2022

The proposal of a semantics for quotations using explanatory notions drawn from philosophical theories of pictures.
In Quotations as Pictures, Josef Stern develops a semantics for quotations using explanatory notions drawn from philosophical theories of pictures. He offers the first sustained analysis of the practice of quotation proper, as opposed to mentioning. Unlike other accounts that treat quotation as mentioning, Quotations as Pictures argues that the two practices have independent histories, that they behave differently semantically, that the inverted commas employed in both mentioning and quotation are homonymous, that so-called mixed quotation is nothing but subsentential quotation, and that the major problem of quotation is to explain its dual reference or meaning—its ordinary meaning and its metalinguistic reference to the quoted phrase attributed to the quoted subject.
Stern argues that the key to understanding quotation is the idea that quotations are pictures or have a pictorial character. As a phenomenon where linguistic competence meets a nonlinguistic symbolic ability, the pictorial, quotation is a combination of features drawn from the two different symbol systems of language and pictures, which explains the exceptional and sometimes idiosyncratic data about quotation. In light of this analysis of verbal quotation, in the last chapters Stern analyzes scare quotation as a nonliteral expressive use of the inverted commas and explores the possibility of quotation in pictures themselves.
The Digital Multinational
Authors: Nambisan Satish , Luo Yadong 
Published: February 2022

How multinational companies can use digital technology to compete in a world where business is driven by the forces of both globalization and deglobalization.
Digital technology has put globalization on steroids; multinational companies now account for one-third of world GDP and one-fourth of world employment. And yet complicating this story of unchecked global capitalism are two contradictory forces. Even as advances in digital technology enable borderless markets, a new nationalism has emerged, reviving protectionism and railing against digital colonialism. In The Digital Multinational, management experts Satish Nambisan and Yadong Luo examine how companies can adopt a dual strategy to cope with this new normal: harnessing the power of digital technology while adapting to the geopolitical realities of particular markets.
Key to success, Nambisan and Luo explain, is the notion of tight and loose coupling to characterize the relationship of the digital multinational to its global partners and subsidiaries. Identifying the tightness-looseness requirements of global business connectivity leads to successful business strategy. Drawing on real-world examples that include Burberry's entrance into the Chinese market, Unilever's AI-powered global talent marketplace, and the Vocal for Local movement in India, they develop a typology of global business contexts; discuss digital strategies for entering new markets, establishing digital platforms, managing globally dispersed activities, and pursuing innovation; and explain how these strategies can be part of a business leader's toolkit. The Digital Multinational is an essential guide to competing in a business world driven by both globalization and deglobalization.
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone protects neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation induced apoptosis and activates the TrkB/Akt pathway
Authors: Zhou Qinxiang , Tang Hao , Bai Dingqun , Kong Yuhan 
Published: February 2022

Background
7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a selective agonist of tropomyosin related kinase receptor B (TrkB), is known to exert protective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of 7,8-DHF in TrkB signaling after ischemic stroke has remained elusive.

Methods
In the vitro model of ischemic stroke, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of 7,8-DHF through activation of TrkB signaling. Neurons subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion were treated with the protein kinase inhibitor K252a and a knockdown of TrkB. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Flow Cytometric Analysis (FACS), TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were conducted for measuring cell viability and numbers of apoptotic cells. And apoptosis-associated proteins were analyzed by Western blotting.

Results
Compared with the Control group, OGD/R group revealed lower cell viability by CCK-8 assay FACS and TUNEL assay showed increased rates of neuronal apoptosis. However, 7,8-DHF treatment increased cell viability and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Western blotting indicated upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and but downregulated Bcl-2 following OGD/R. Whereas 7,8-DHF treatment downregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 but upregulated Bcl-2. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the phosphorylation of TrkB and Akt following 7,8-DHF administration. However, the administration of K252a and knockdown of TrkB could alleviate those effects.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that activation of TrkB signaling by 7,8-DHF protects neurons against OGD/R injury via the TrkB/Akt pathway, which provides the evidence for the role of TrkB signaling in OGD-induced neuronal damage and may become a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Bayesian Additive Regression Trees, Computational Approaches
Authors: Chipman Hugh , George Edward , Hahn Richard , McCulloch Robert , Pratola Matthew , Sparapani Rodney 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMethods based on binary trees play a fundamental role in modern data science. In this article, we give a very focused review of basic Bayesian approaches to tree modeling. Bayesian approaches have some fundamental advantages. Complex models are enhanced with meaningful prior specifications, and Markov chain Monte Carlo provides a framework for useful stochastic search of the model space along with some sense of uncertainty. Bayesian approaches require a specification of a prior in tree space and computation of a high and variable dimension posterior. We provide some computational details that are not readily available in the literature. We also review a few more recent extensions of the basic approaches to illustrate the power and potential of the overall approach.
Futility Analysis
Authors: Freidlin Boris , Korn Edward L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo balance patient interests against the need for acquiring evidence, ongoing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are monitored to allow stopping as soon as the clinical question is answered with sufficiently high confidence. Most RCTs are designed to demonstrate superiority of an experimental over a standard treatment. In this case, for ethical, scientific, and economic reasons, it is important to stop a trial early (for “futility”) when there is no longer a reasonable chance that the experimental arm will be shown to be better than the standard arm if the trial were continued. Futility monitoring is a widely accepted component of clinical trial design. This article provides a review of commonly used futility procedures and discusses the practical aspects of their implementation across the range of trial designs.
Cereal Architecture and Its Manipulation
Authors: Dixon Laura E. , van Esse Wilma , Hirsz Dominique , Willemsen Viola , McKim Sarah M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur lives depend on an incredibly small number of cereal species whose grain provides more calories to our diet than any other source. The extraordinary productivity of cultivated cereals reflects millennia of selection, recent directed breeding, and modern agricultural practices. Here, we examine selected architectural and agronomic features of major cereal body parts: leaf, branch, inflorescence, stem, and root; and discuss how their manipulation enhanced crop performance. Highlighting synergistic research across laboratory models and field‐based systems, we consider how diversified molecular circuitry, novel regulators and conserved components of genetic, hormonal, and molecular mechanisms control cereal architecture. Lastly, we emphasise the agricultural importance of developmental decisions during cereal growth and propose future perspectives for robust architectural improvement, made ever more urgent by our accelerating climate crisis.
Pectin‐Mediated Plant Immunity
Authors: Wang Duoduo , Yang Lirong , Silva Christian J. , Sarwar Rehman , Chen Yupeng , Blanco‐Ulate Barbara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe plant cell wall, a dynamic and complex structure surrounding every plant cell, serves not only as a passive structural barrier but also as an active monitoring system for protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants monitor and maintain the status of their cell wall integrity (CWI) through the perception of signal molecules derived from pathogens or the plant cell walls themselves via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) localised on the plasma membrane. PRRs in turn trigger a cascade of responses, including cell wall remodelling, to adapt to environmental stimuli. Pectin is the most abundant and structurally complex polysaccharide in the plant cell wall. Emerging evidence has revealed new features of pectin and challenged the classic primary cell wall model, providing an opportunity to revisit the role of pectin and CWI during plant–pathogen interactions. Here we present an overview of recent findings on the relationships between pectin metabolism and cell wall‐mediated immunity along with the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We propose future studies to reveal the fine structural and dynamic changes of specific wall polymers with improved temporal‐spatial resolution for a better understanding of pectin‐mediated plant immunity at the cellular and molecular level. Finally, we conclude that manipulating pectin composition and structure using advanced molecular breeding strategies, such as CRISPR editing technologies, can be a viable approach to develop novel crop genotypes with improved disease resistance.
Development of an independent MU calculation software for radiotherapy treatments with stereotactic cones
Authors: Campos Guilherme Filipe Pinto , Souto Ana Catarina Santos , Lencart Joana Borges , Cunha Luís Paulo Teixeira , Dias Anabela Gregório 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeDevelopment of an independent MU calculator (StereoCalc) with and without heterogeneity corrections for stereotactic treatments, in a Varian TrueBeam STx LINAC using stereotactic cones, with flattening filter‐free photon energies.MethodsMultiple depth curves and output factors were measured, following the dosimetry formalism for small fields proposed by the TRS‐483. The developed StereoCalc imports and processes the beam data files and calculates the patient plans with and without heterogeneity correction. Validation of the developed software was carried out using phantoms. The accuracy of the StereoCalc software was verified in stereotactic patient plans.ResultsA maximum difference of 2.47% and 2.07% was obtained in the phantom validation tests with and without heterogeneity correction, respectively. The mean percentual difference of StereoCalc from cone dose calculation (CDC) in the clinical testing was 2.86% ±1.27% and 0.78% ±0.48% with and without heterogeneity correction, respectively. The largest differences found were 7.34% and 1.98%, respectively.ConclusionsThe results obtained in this work show that the MU calculated with StereoCalc software is in good agreement with the values calculated by the treatment planning systems, both in static fields and arcs. We have also improved the software to consider heterogeneity corrections calculations. As expected, and as a major achievement of this work, some differences were observed when heterogeneities were considered. StereoCalc proved to be a powerful tool that can be integrated into the specific quality assurance program in a medical physics department for independent verification in stereotactic treatment with cones.
Diffusion spectrum imaging predicts hippocampal sclerosis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Ming , Wei Peng‐Hu , Zhang Miao , Wu Chunxue , Shan Yi , Yeh Fang‐Cheng , Shan Yongzhi , Lu Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesEpileptic patients suffer from seizure recurrence after surgery due to the challenging localization. Improvement of the noninvasive imaging‐based approach for a better definition of the abnormalities would be helpful for a better outcome.MethodsThe quantitative anisotropy (QA) of diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) is a quantitative scalar of evaluating the water diffusivity. Herein, we investigated the association between neuronal diameters or density acquired in literature and QA of DSI as well as the seizure localization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Thirty healthy controls (HCs) and 30 patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) were retrospectively analyzed. QA values were calculated and interactively compared between the areas with different neuronal diameter/density acquired from literature in the HCP‐1021 template. Diagnostic tests were performed on Z‐transformed asymmetry indices (AIs) of QA (which exclude physical asymmetry) among HS patients to evaluate its clinical value.ResultsThe QA values in HCs conformed with different pyramidal cell distributions ranged from giant to small; corresponding groups were the motor‐sensory, associative, and limbic groups, respectively. Additionally, the QA value was correlated with the neuronal diameter/density in cortical layer IIIc (correlation coefficient with diameter: 0.529, p = 0.035; density: −0.678, p = 0.011). Decreases in cingulum hippocampal segments (Chs) were consistently observed on the sclerosed side in patients. The area under the curve of the Z‐transformed AI in Chs to the lateralization of HS was 0.957 (sensitivity: 0.909, specificity: 0.895).InterpretationQA based on DSI is likely to be useful to provide information to reflect the neuronal diameter/density and further facilitate localization of epileptic tissues.
Nusinersen efficacy data for 24‐month in type 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Pane Marika , Coratti Giorgia , Pera Maria Carmela , Sansone Valeria A. , Messina Sonia , d'Amico Adele , Bruno Claudio , Salmin Francesca , Albamonte Emilio , De Sanctis Roberto , Sframeli Maria , Di Bella Vincenzo , Morando Simone , Palermo Concetta , Frongia Anna Lia , Antonaci Laura , Capasso Anna , Catteruccia Michela , Longo Antonella , Ricci Martina , Cutrona Costanza , Pirola Alice , Bravetti Chiara , Pedemonte Marina , Brolatti Noemi , Bertini Enrico , Mercuri Eugenio ,   Italian ISMAC group
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study reports real world data in type 2 and 3 SMA patients treated for at least 2 years with nusinersen. Increase in motor function was observed after 12 months and during the second year. The magnitude of change was variable across age and functional subgroup, with the largest changes observed in young patients with higher function at baseline. When compared to natural history data, the difference between study cohort and untreated patients swas significant on both Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale and Revised Upper Limb Module both at 12 months and at 24 months.
Nano/Microplastics Capture and Degradation by Autonomous Nano/Microrobots: A Perspective
Authors: Urso Mario , Pumera Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe growing use of plastic materials has led to the continuous accumulation of wastes in marine environments, which fragment into hazardous micro‐and nanoplastics. These plastic particles absorb toxic organic pollutants on their surface, support bacterial biofilms growth, and propagate through the food chain, posing serious risks for human health. Therefore, nano/microplastics pollution has become a global issue, making their definitive elimination compulsory. Self‐propelled nano/microrobots have demonstrated efficient removal of nano/microplastics from water, combining enhanced physicochemical properties of nano/microscale materials and active motion. During the last year, the potential of this technology to degrade nano/microplastics has been investigated. Here, the most advanced strategies for nano/microplastics capture and subsequent degradation by autonomous nano/microrobots are critically reviewed. A short introduction to the main propulsion mechanisms and experimental techniques for studying nano/microplastics degradation is also provided. Forthcoming challenges in this research field are discussed proactively. This perspective inspires future nano/microrobotic designs and approaches for water purification from nano/microplastics and other emerging pollutants.
Micropathological Chip Modeling the Neurovascular Unit Response to Inflammatory Bone Condition
Authors: Neto Estrela , Monteiro Ana Carolina , Leite Pereira Catarina , Simões Miguel , Conde João Pedro , Chu Virginia , Sarmento Bruno , Lamghari Meriem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrgan‐on‐a‐chip in vitro platforms accurately mimic complex microenvironments offering the ability to recapitulate and dissect mechanisms of physiological and pathological settings, revealing their major importance to develop new therapeutic targets. Bone diseases, such as osteoarthritis, are extremely complex, comprising of the action of inflammatory mediators leading to unbalanced bone homeostasis and de‐regulation of sensory innervation and angiogenesis. Although there are models to mimic bone vascularization or innervation, in vitro platforms merging the complexity of bone, vasculature, innervation, and inflammation are missing. Therefore, in this study a microfluidic‐based neuro‐vascularized bone chip (NVB chip) is proposed to 1) model the mechanistic interactions between innervation and angiogenesis in the inflammatory bone niche, and 2) explore, as a screening tool, novel strategies targeting inflammatory diseases, using a nano‐based drug delivery system. It is possible to set the design of the platform and achieve the optimized conditions to address the neurovascular network under inflammation. Moreover, this system is validated by delivering anti‐inflammatory drug‐loaded nanoparticles to counteract the neuronal growth associated with pain perception. This reliable in vitro tool will allow understanding the bone neurovascular system, enlightening novel mechanisms behind the inflammatory bone diseases, bone destruction, and pain opening new avenues for new therapies discovery.