bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abrasion Behavior of Nanostructured and Conventional Titania Coatings Thermally Sprayed via APS, VPS and HVOF
Authors: Lima R.S. , Leblanc L. , Marple B.R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nanostructured and conventional titania feedstocks were thermally sprayed using APS, VPS and HVOF techniques to study the effects of processing, microstructure and properties on the abrasion behavior. The in-flight characteristics (temperature and velocity) of the APS and HVOF-sprayed particles were also investigated. For the nanostructured coatings, a process map was developed relating the in-flight particle characteristics during coating deposition to the abrasion resistance. This map showed that the particle velocity and particle temperature had an important influence on the volume loss in abrasion tests. Coatings were characterized using SEM to investigate the microstructural features, image analysis to measure coating porosity and Vickers indentation to determine hardness. The abrasion behavior of the coatings was evaluated using the ASTM standard dry sand/rubber wheel test. The abrasion results indicated that the VPS and HVOF-sprayed nanostructured titania coatings exhibited the highest abrasion resistance among the 14 coatings studied.
Abrasion and Erosion Behavior of WC and CrC Cermet Coatings
Authors: Legoux J.G. , Bouaricha S. , Marcoux P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The abrasion and erosion resistance of six different coatings were evaluated in relation to their microstructure. The coatings were produced from six different powders: four containing WC and two containing CrC. Microstructural analysis highlights the relationship between the starting powder morphology and chemistry and the spray conditions in the development of the final coating microstructure. The wear performance of the coatings was evaluated according to the ASTM G-65 standard for the abrasion resistance and a slurry containing 0.66% of 180 μm alumina particles flowing at 20 m/s for wet erosion resistance. The results show that for all tested coatings the abrasion wear resistance is mostly governed by the hardness distribution. For the chrome carbide, coatings having the lowest hardness are the lest abrasion resistant. For the WC containing coatings, carbide debonding and pullout is the main wear mechanisms. The most resistant material being the WC-6Co-8Cr. All the coatings performed better than the D2 tool steel reference sample. The erosion wear resistance is controlled by the local hardness, the matrix properties and the droplet debonding. The most wear-resistant materials are the WC-Co-Cr cermets. The least wear-resistant materials are the clad CrC-20(NiCr) and the WC-Ni cermets.
The Microstructure and Tribology Behavior of NiTiZrSiSn Bulk Amorphous HVOF Coating
Authors: Lee Sangyong , Choi Hanshin , Yoon Sanghoon , Lee Changhee 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A bulk amorphous NiTiZrSiSn produced using an inert gas atomization was sprayed onto the Cu substrate. As the oxygen to hydrogen gas fraction was increased, oxide phase fraction was increased at the expenditure of amorphous phase fraction. The phase evolution was mainly due to the in-flight particle oxidation according to flame gas composition. Tribological behaviors were investigated in view of friction coefficient and weight loss by a pin-on-disc dry sliding test. Both friction coefficient and weight loss were largely dependent on the phase composition of the coating. As the amorphous phase fraction was increased, the friction coefficient was decreased with the increase of the transfer film formation. On the other hands, major weight loss mechanism was changed from transfer film formation to pull-out of coat material as the amorphous phase fraction was decreased.
Properties of HVOF Sprayed Multi-Scale Polymer/Silica Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Twardowski T. , Bhargava V. , Knight R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) combustion spray technique previously has been shown to be an excellent solution for depositing nano-reinforced thermoplastic polymer coatings. Dense polymer coatings can be produced regardless of ceramic particle size with little change in the spray parameters. Composite powders with multiple scales of silica reinforcement, ranging from 12 nm to 100 µm, have been created. Preliminary testing was begun using melt processing. The multiple scales have shown improved scratch resistance relative to single-scale reinforcements.
Delamination Crack Growth in Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Brodin H. , Li X.H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in general fail by delamination of the ceramic partially stabilised Zirconia (PSZ) top coat (TC) from the underlying metallic bond coat (BC). The process is initiated by crack initiation and growth either in the TC or in the thermally grown oxide (TGO) that will form at the interface between top and bond coat. The aim of the present paper is to describe the degradation due to crack growth in such a way that data can be used for FEM modelling work. Flat rectangular test coupons have been subjected to thermal cyclic fatigue (TCF) in air with a temperature range from 100°C to 1100°C. Identical samples were removed from the TCF furnace at different times of thermal cycling in order to achieve material with different degree of damage. After mounting, cutting and sectioning the specimen were investigated by light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Image analysis of LOM micrographs was used for measurement of crack distribution and degree of TC damage. A method for crack growth measurement based on the degree of TC / TGO damage has been developed. Furthermore, a measure of TBC damage as a function of elapsed fatigue cycles was introduced. The TBC material shows a mixed black and white fracture surface after TCF cycling. Delamination crack growth data are presented. Delaminated TC/BC interface surface as a function of fatigue cycles follows an S-curve behaviour.
Performance of Thermal Barior Coatings Formed by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying
Authors: Kobayashi Akira 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Zirconia (ZrO2) coating formed by plasma spray method is widely used industrially as a thermal barrier coating (TBC). But it has still problems such as spallation and cracks inside the coating. The solution will be given by the development of new spaying processing. The zirconia-alumina (ZrO2-Al2O3) composite coating formed by gas tunnel type plasma spraying has a high hardness layer at the surface side of the coating, which shows the graded functionality of hardness, and is superior as a TBC. In this paper, the performance of such high hardness ZrO2- Al2O3 composite coating was investigated and the merit as TBC was clarified. The Vickers hardness of the high hardness layer near the coating surface increased by the thermal process of high energy plasma, which corresponded to the result that the coating became denser. Also, the effect of alumina mixing was discussed about the microstructure of this composite coating. The combination of high hardness of Al2O3 with the low thermal conductivity of ZrO2 resulted to the development of high performance TBC. The thermal conductivity of such ZrO2- Al2O3 composite coatings was proved to be much smaller than that in the longitudinal direction. Moreover the adhesive strength of such high hardness zirconia composite coatings was investigated as well as its mechanical properties. The adhesive strength of such high hardness coatings to the substrate was weakened as the increase in the coating thickness.
Intrinsic Properties of Thermal Sprayed Single Splats on Substrates
Authors: Li Li , Gouldstone Andrew , Sampath Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Splats are the building blocks of thermal sprayed coatings, and thus the mechanical properties of such coatings are directly related to splat behavior. Elastic and elastoplastic properties of coatings have been measured on the macro-scale, but are not yet quantitatively predictable using process parameters as inputs. Coating mechanical properties represent contributions from intrinsic splat properties, splat-splat interfaces, and other microscopic defects. In this study, we investigated the intrinsic properties of Ni and Ni based alloy splats on substrates, for a variety of process methods and input parameters. Residual stresses were measured via X-ray microdiffraction and elastic and elastoplastic properties were studied via nano-indentation. From a purely scientific standpoint, splat studies provide insight into rapidly cooled small-volume structures that often exhibit extra ultrafine- or nano-crystalline structure. Thus, accordingly, nano-indentation response was also compared to the prediction for bulk counterparts of the splat materials.
Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings with Controlled Microstructures Using Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process
Authors: Ma X.Q. , Xiao T.D. , Roth J. , Xie L.D. , Jordan E.H. , Padture N.P. , Gell M. , Chen X.Q. , Price J.R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are capable of protecting hot-section engine components from the hot gas stream, and thereby can provide improvements in component durability and engine efficiency. Thick TBCs can provide further improvements in durability and efficiency, especially for static components. The main commercial coating methods for TBCs are electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and air plasma spray (APS). These processes have limitations for depositing thick TBCs: for EB-PVD, the deposition rates are low and the cost is high; for APS, durability is reduced with increased thickness. Inframat Corporation, in collaboration with the University of Connecticut, is developing a new plasma spray process, namely, solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS), for the formation of TBCs and also functional films from liquid precursor feedstock, instead of the solid powder feedstock used in conventional APS. SPPS TBCs have many unique microstructural features, including: ultra-fine splats, vertical micro- and macrocracks, micrometer- and nanometer-size porosity. These unique microstructural features provide a TBC with high thermal cycling spallation life and bond strength. These coatings have been made in thickness up to 2 mm and show excellent durability. In this paper we present microstructural characteristics and thermal cycling performance of SPPS-formed 7YSZ thick coatings varying in the range of 0.5-2 mm.
The Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic as the Custodian of the Writing and Ethnic Culture
Authors: Sergeev Tikhon Sergeevich 
Published: July 2022

The article reveals the history of the creation and main functions of the Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic (in 2000–2012 – the State Press Archive), which in 2013 became part of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic. The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance of the Book Chamber of the Chuvash Republic as the main center for collecting and storing printed materials about Chuvashia and the Chuvash people, regardless of the place of publication. On the basis of the chronological method, the role of printed materials in the Chuvash language in the preservation of the ethnic culture of the titular people has been studied. It was revealed that the Book Chambers as institutions with a special legal regime existed in 5 points of the Russian Federation: in Moscow, in the republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Chuvashia and Karelia. Their funds were used in scientific and publishing developments, preparation of materials for publication and for reprints. At present, the main activities of the Department of the Book Chamber are the acquisition, accounting and preservation of the fund of printed documents; state registration of printed documents in the Chuvash Republic, preparation of state bibliographic and statistical information; information and bibliographic services for users; methodological support of editorial and publishing activities of the mass media, publishing and printing enterprises of the republic; creation of a bibliographic database of articles «Chuvashik»; preparation and publication of the state bibliographic index «Chronicle of the press of the Chuvash Republic».
Східне Поділля у другій половині листопада – на початку грудня 1918 р.: регіональний вимір протигетьманського повстання
Authors: Кравчук Людмила , Кравчук Олександр 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the overthrow of the hetman's authorities and the beginning of the institutions of the Ukrainian People's Republic in the eastern part of the Podіlska province in the second half of November – beginning of December 1918. The methodological basis of the research consists of research principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, general scientific methods: (historical and logical) and special historical methods (narrative and problem-chronological). The scientific novelty of the article is determined primarily by the formulation of the research topic and the complex use of various sources and special works on the problem, which allowed the authors to objectively approach the analysis of the overthrow of the Hetmanate and the establishment of the UPR Directory in eastern Podillya. Conclusions. At the end of November – beginning of December 1918 in the eastern part of the Podillia province was the overthrow of the Ukrainian State administration and the establishment of power of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Hetmanate's mistakes in domestic and foreign policy, the lack of a sufficient social base, and the weakness of the security forces made the Ukrainian government vulnerable to radical action. The leading role in overthrowing the Hetman and establishing republican power belonged to former members of the Central Council, nationally conscious Ukrainian intelligentsia and cooperators united in local branches of the Ukrainian National Union, patriotic oriented military and the majority of the population - the peasantry. Eastern Podillya became one of the first Ukraine’s regions where the power of the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic was established. It was important for its approval to eliminate the attempt of the russian white guards to gain a foothold in some counties of Podillya. Eventually, when Vinnytsia was chosen as the temporary seat of the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the eastern part of Podillya became an important springboard in establishing a new Ukrainian republican government throughout the country.
Study on Coordinated Development Path of Agricultural Industrial Clusters and Rural E-commerce
Authors: Liu Dinghao 
Published: July 2022

Industrial cluster effect is one of the main driving forces of agricultural development in China. Good agricultural industrial foundation provides necessary advantages and potential for the development of rural e-commerce, and the vigorous development of e-commerce in rural areas in China can better drive the enhancement of agglomeration and innovation ability of agricultural industrial clusters in China. The two interact with each other. In the context of "Internet plus", this paper takes the township construction with Chinese characteristics as the foothold and establishes a theoretical framework for the development and cooperation of agricultural industrial clusters from the aspects of product integration from the perspective of e-commerce. This is conducive to improving the mechanism of market and government, so as to create a benign environment for industrial development.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU SISWA TENTANG MAKANAN JAJANAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI ANAK DI SD NEGERI 2 TEUNOM
Authors: Yani Rahma , Reynaldi Fitrah 
Published: July 2022

Terdapat banyak siswa di SD Negeri 2 Teunom yang membeli makanan janjanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat keamanan pangan. Salah satu dampak buruk dari kegiatan tersebut yaitu mempengaruhi status gizi anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku siswa tentang makanan jajanan terhadap status gizi anak di SD Negeri 2 Teunom yang terdiri dari aspek pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri 2 Teunom tepatnya di Desa Alue Ambang, Kecamatan Teunom, Kabupaten Aceh Jaya pada Bulan November 2021. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh siswa kelas III dan IV sebanyak 30 siswa. Sampel yaitu 30 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan yaitu total sampling. Pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dengan instrumen lembar pedoman wawancara, dan observasi dengan instrumen lembar pedoman observasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara analisis statistik yaitu uji Chi-square dengan taraf signifikansi (α) = 0,05. Hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang makanan jajanan terhadap status gizi anak di SD Negeri 2 Teunom (-pvalue = 0,000 α = 0,05), terdapat hubungan antara sikap tentang makanan jajanan terhadap status gizi anak di SD Negeri 2 Teunom (p-value = 0,000 α = 0,05), dan terdapat hubungan antara tindakan tentang makanan jajanan terhadap status gizi anak di SD Negeri 2 Teunom (p-value = 0,000 α = 0,05).
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR IBU DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING DI DESA ARONGAN KECAMATAN KUALA PESISIR KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Najah Safinatun , Darmawi Darmawi 
Published: July 2022

Balita pendek merupakan masalah rendahnya konsumsi zat makanan yang terjadi dalam waktu cukup lama, sehingga panjang tubuh balita tidak sesuai dengan umurnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor ibu yang terdiri dari pendidikan, pekerjaan, usia hamil, dan jarak hamil dengan kejadian stunting di Desa Arongan Kuala Pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Rancangan penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling yang berjumlah 35 sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara dan observasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Arongan Kecamatan Kuala Pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya pada pada bulan November 2021. Analisis data menggunakan uji stastistik Chi-square untuk menguji signifikasi antar variabel dengan taraf sig (α) = 0,05. Jika P-value diperoleh lebih kecil dari sig (α) (P-value0,05) maka terdapat hubungan antara faktor ibu yang terdiri dari pendidikan, pekerjaan, usia hamil, dan jarak hamil dengan kejadian stunting di Desa Arongan Kuala Pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Hasil analisis uji Chi-square tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan kejadian stunting diperoleh p-value = 0,512 (0,05). Hasil uji Chi-square hubungan pekerjaan ibu dengan kejadian stunting diperoleh p-value = 0,803 (0,05). Hasil Uji Chi-square hubungan usia ibu hamil dengan kejadian stunting diperoleh p-value = 0,656 (p0,05). Hasil uji Chi-square jarak kehamilan ibu dengan kejadian stunting diperoleh p-value = 0,263 (p0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan faktor ibu antara dengan kejadian stunting pada balita didesa Arongan Kecamatan Kuala Pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya.
ROUNDTABLE TECHNIQUE AND STUDENTS' WRITING ABILITY
Authors: Amalia Shynta 
Published: July 2022

In spite of its importance, writing seems always be a challenging skill for students to master in learning English. Persuading the teachers to persistently try different teaching techniques to reach the goal of teaching better writing is a must. Using roundtable technique become one of the choices. As this experimental study has proven that using roundtable technique give significant effect on the students’ writing ability. Toward the 42 students taken as the sample of the research, it is proved that there was significant difference on the students’ writing ability before (M=54.48, SD=13.155) and after being taught by using roundtable technique (M=73.9, SD=7.569), t(20)=13.55, P<0.0005. The results of independent sample t-test also shows that there is significant difference in writing ability between the students taught by using roundtable technique (M=73.9, SD=7.569) and those who were not (M=64.86, SD= 15.32), t(29)=2.426, P<0.05
Programmable RNA-Guided Large DNA Transgenesis by CRISPR/Cas9 and Site-Specific Integrase Bxb1
Authors: Hosur Vishnu , Low Benjamin E. , Wiles Michael V. 
Published: July 2022

The inability to insert large DNA constructs into the genome efficiently and precisely is a key challenge in genomic engineering. Random transgenesis, which is widely used, lacks precision, and comes with a slew of drawbacks. Lentiviral and adeno-associated viral methods are plagued by, respectively, DNA toxicity and a payload capacity of less than 5 kb. Homology-directed repair (HDR) techniques based on CRISPR-Cas9 can be effective, but only in the 1–5 kb range. In addition, long homology arms—DNA sequences that permit construct insertion—of lengths ranging from 0.5 to 5 kb are required by currently known HDR-based techniques. A potential new method that uses Cas9-guided transposases to insert DNA structures up to 10 kb in length works well in bacteria, but only in bacteria. Surmounting these roadblocks, a new toolkit has recently been developed that combines RNA-guided Cas9 and the site-specific integrase Bxb1 to integrate DNA constructs ranging in length from 5 to 43 kb into mouse zygotes with germline transmission and into human cells. This ground-breaking toolkit will give researchers a valuable resource for developing novel, urgently needed mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models of cancer and other genetic diseases, as well as therapeutic gene integration and biopharmaceutical applications, such as the development of stable cell lines to produce therapeutic protein products.
Microtubules in Microorganisms: How Tubulin Isotypes Contribute to Diverse Cytoskeletal Functions
Authors: Bera Abesh , Gupta Mohan L. 
Published: July 2022

The cellular functions of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton range from relatively simple to amazingly complex. Assembled from tubulin, a heterodimeric protein with α- and β-tubulin subunits, microtubules are long, hollow cylindrical filaments with inherent polarity. They are intrinsically dynamic polymers that utilize GTP binding by tubulin, and subsequent hydrolysis, to drive spontaneous assembly and disassembly. Early studies indicated that cellular MTs are composed of multiple variants, or isotypes, of α- and β-tubulins, and that these multi-isotype polymers are further diversified by a range of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to tubulin. These findings support the multi-tubulin hypothesis whereby individual, or combinations of tubulin isotypes possess unique properties needed to support diverse MT structures and/or cellular processes. Beginning 40 years ago researchers have sought to address this hypothesis, and the role of tubulin isotypes, by exploiting experimentally accessible, genetically tractable and functionally conserved model systems. Among these systems, important insights have been gained from eukaryotic microbial models. In this review, we illustrate how using microorganisms yielded among the earliest evidence that tubulin isotypes harbor distinct properties, as well as recent insights as to how they facilitate specific cellular processes. Ongoing and future research in microorganisms will likely continue to reveal basic mechanisms for how tubulin isotypes facilitate MT functions, along with valuable perspectives on how they mediate the range of conserved and diverse processes observed across eukaryotic microbes.