bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-rater reliability of the Abbreviated Injury Scale scores in patients with severe head injury shows good inter-rater agreement but variability between countries. An inter-country comparison study
Authors: Gunning Amy C. , Niemeyer Menco J. S. , van Heijl Mark , van Wessem Karlijn J. P. , Maier Ronald V. , Balogh Zsolt J. , Leenen Luke P. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Substantial difference in mortality following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) across international trauma centers has previously been demonstrated. This could be partly attributed to variability in the severity coding of the injuries. This study evaluated the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores of patients with severe TBI across three international level I trauma centers.

Methods
A total 150 patients (50 per center) were randomly selected from each respective trauma registry: University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), the Netherlands; John Hunter Hospital (JHH), Australia; and Harborview Medical Center (HMC), the United States. Reliability between coders and trauma centers was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The reliability between the coders and the original trauma registry scores was 0.50, 0.50, and 0.41 in, respectively, UMCU, JHH, and HMC. The AIS coders at UMCU scored the most AIS codes of ≥ 4. Reliability within the trauma centers was substantial in UMCU (ICC = 0.62) and HMC (ICC = 0.78) and almost perfect in JHH (ICC = 0.85). Reliability between trauma centers was 0.70 between UMCU and JHH, 0.70 between JHH and HMC, and 0.59 between UMCU and HMC.

Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrated a substantial and almost perfect reliability of the AIS coders within the same trauma center, but variability across trauma centers. This indicates a need to improve inter-rater reliability in AIS coders and quality assessments of trauma registry data, specifically for patients with head injuries. Future research should study the effect of differences in AIS scoring on outcome predictions.
RP11-79H23.3 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Through Promoting miR-29c
Authors: Liu Mulin , Liu Chang , Li Xi , Li Shijun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEvidences indicate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely involved and contributed to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. As a novel lncRNA, RP11-79H23.3 was found to be an anti-oncogene in bladder cancer. However, the essential roles and functions of RP11-79H23.3 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains to be elucidated. Here, loss of functional assay was applied to gain insights into the functions of RP11-79H23.3 on the proliferation and metastasis capabilities of A549 and H1299 cells. Meantime, Real-time PCR was utilized to measure RP11-79H23.3 and miR-29c expression in NSCLC tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, CCK8, colony formation assay, transwell and Western blot were performed to illustrate the potential molecular basis of RP11-79H23.3 in NSCLC. RP11-79H23.3 downregulation facilitated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC. The result of dual-luciferase reporter assay represented a direct interaction of RP11-79H23.3 with miR-29c, which suppressed miR-29c expression that showed inversely correlation in NSCLC. Moreover, RP11-79H23.3 siRNA facilitated the progression of NSCLC partially via regulating the expression of miR-29c and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings highlighted that RP11-79H23.3, served as an anti-oncogene, accelerated NSCLC progression through sequestering miR-29c, providing a promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Global assessment of three Rumex species reveals inconsistent climatic niche shifts across multiple introduced ranges
Authors: Carlin Thomas F. , Bufford Jennifer L. , Hulme Philip E. , Godsoe William K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimatic niche shifts occur when species occupy different climates in the introduced range than in their native range. Climatic niche shifts are known to occur across a range of taxa, however we do not currently understand whether climatic niche shifts can consistently be predicted across multiple introduced ranges. Using three congeneric weed species, we investigate whether climatic niche shifts in one introduced range are consistent in other ranges where the species has been introduced. We compared the climatic conditions occupied by Rumex conglomeratus, R. crispus, and R. obtusifolius between their native range (Eurasia) and three different introduced ranges (North America, Australia, New Zealand). We considered metrics of niche overlap, expansion, unfilling, pioneering, and similarity to determine whether climatic niche shifts were consistent across ranges and congeners. We found that the presence and direction of climatic niche shifts was inconsistent between introduced ranges for each species. Within an introduced range, however, niche shifts were qualitatively similar among species. North America and New Zealand experienced diverging niche expansion into drier and wetter climates respectively, whilst the niche was conserved in Australia. This work highlights how unique characteristics of an introduced range and local introduction history can drive different niche shifts, and that comparisons between only the native and one introduced range may misrepresent a species’ capacity for niche shifts. However, predictions of climatic niche shifts could be improved by comparing related species in the introduced range rather than relying on the occupied environments of the native range.
Recent arrivals to the main asteroid belt
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos Carlos , de la Fuente Marcos Raúl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe region where the main asteroid belt is now located may have started empty, to become populated early in the history of the Solar system with material scattered outward by the terrestrial planets and inward by the giant planets. These dynamical pathways toward the main belt may still be active today. Here, we present results from a data mining experiment aimed at singling out present-day members of the main asteroid belt that may have reached the belt during the last few hundred years. Probable newcomers include 2003 $$\hbox {BM}_{1}$$

BM
1

, 2007 $$\hbox {RS}_{62}$$

RS
62

, 457175 (2008 $$\hbox {GO}_{98}$$

GO
98

), 2010 $$\hbox {BG}_{18}$$

BG
18

, 2010 $$\hbox {JC}_{58}$$

JC
58

, 2010 $$\hbox {JV}_{52}$$

JV
52

, 2010 $$\hbox {KS}_{6}$$

KS
6

, 2010 $$\hbox {LD}_{74}$$

LD
74

, 2010 $$\hbox {OX}_{38}$$

OX
38

, 2011 $$\hbox {QQ}_{99}$$

QQ
99

, 2013 $$\hbox {HT}_{149}$$

HT
149

, 2015 $$\hbox {BH}_{103}$$

BH
103

, 2015 $$\hbox {BU}_{525}$$

BU
525

, 2015 $$\hbox {RO}_{127}$$

RO
127

, 2015 $$\hbox {RS}_{139}$$

RS
139

, 2016 $$\hbox {PC}_{41}$$

PC
41

, 2016 $$\hbox {UU}_{231}$$

UU
231

, 2020 $$\hbox {SA}_{75}$$

SA
75

, 2020 $$\hbox {UO}_{43}$$

UO
43

, and 2021 $$\hbox {UJ}_{5}$$

UJ
5

, all of them in the outer belt. Some of these candidates may have been inserted in their current orbits after experiencing relatively recent close encounters with Jupiter. We also investigated the likely source regions of such new arrivals. Asteroid 2020 $$\hbox {UO}_{43}$$

UO
43

, if real, has a non-negligible probability of having an origin in the Oort cloud or even interstellar space. Asteroid 2003 $$\hbox {BM}_{1}$$

BM
1

may have come from the neighborhood of Uranus. However, most newcomers—including 457175, 2011 $$\hbox {QQ}_{99}$$

QQ
99

, and 2021 $$\hbox {UJ}_{5}$$

UJ
5

—might have had an origin in Centaur orbital space. The reliability of these findings is assessed within the context of the uncertainties of the available orbit determinations.
Highly contaminated river otters (Lontra canadensis) are effective biomonitors of environmental pollutant exposure
Authors: Wainstein Michelle , Harding Louisa B. , O’Neill Sandra M. , Boyd Daryle T. , Koontz Fred , Miller Bobbi , Klütsch Cornelya F. C. , Thomas Philippe J. , Ylitalo Gina M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRiver otters (Lontra canadensis) are apex predators that bioaccumulate contaminants via their diet, potentially serving as biomonitors of watershed health. They reside throughout the Green-Duwamish River, WA (USA), a watershed encompassing an extreme urbanization gradient, including a US Superfund site slated for a 17-year remediation. The objectives of this study were to document baseline contaminant levels in river otters, assess otters’ utility as top trophic-level biomonitors of contaminant exposure, and evaluate the potential for health impacts on this species. We measured a suite of contaminants of concern, lipid content, nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N), and microsatellite DNA markers in 69 otter scat samples collected from twelve sites. Landcover characteristics were used to group sampling sites into industrial (Superfund site), suburban, and rural development zones. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ether flame-retardants (PBDEs), dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) increased significantly with increasing urbanization, and were best predicted by models that included development zone, suggesting that river otters are effective biomonitors, as defined in this study. Diet also played an important role, with lipid content, δ15N or both included in all best models. We recommend river otter scat be included in evaluating restoration efforts in this Superfund site, and as a potentially useful monitoring tool wherever otters are found. We also report ΣPCB and ΣPAH exposures among the highest published for wild river otters, with almost 70% of samples in the Superfund site exceeding established levels of concern.
Emotion recognition by web-shaped model
Authors: Barra Paola , De Maio Luigi , Barra Silvio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmotions recognition is widely applied for many tasks in different fields, from human-computer and human-robot interaction to learning platforms. Also, it can be used as an intrinsic approach for face recognition tasks, in which an expression-independent face classifier is developed. Most approaches face the problem by designing deeper and deeper neural networks that consider an expression as a still image or, in some cases, a sequence of consecutive frames depicting the temporal component of the expression. However, these suffer the training phase’s computational burden, which can take hours or days to be completed. In this work, a Web Shaped Model is proposed, which consists of a geometrical approach for extracting discriminant features from a face, depicting the characteristics of an expression. The model does not need to be trained since it is applied on a face and centred on the nose tip, resulting in image size and face size independence. Experiments on publicly available datasets show that this approach reaches comparable and even better results than those obtained applying DNN-based approaches.
Dynamics and integrability of the swinging Atwood machine generalisations
Authors: Szumiński Wojciech , Maciejewski Andrzej J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the dynamics and integrability of two generalisations of a 3D Swinging Atwood’s Machine with additional Coulomb’s interactions and Hooke’s law of elasticity. The complexity of these systems is presented with the help of Poincaré cross sections, phase-parametric diagrams and Lyapunov exponents spectrums. Amazingly, such systems possess both chaotic and integrable dynamics. For the integrable cases we find additional first integrals and we construct general solutions written in terms of elliptic functions. Moreover, we present bifurcation diagrams for the integrable cases and we find resonance curves, which give families of periodic orbits of the systems. In the absence of the gravity, both models are super-integrable.
Physico-chemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) mucilage differ with the collection system and corresponding root type and developmental stage of the plant
Authors: Werner Lena M. , Knott Matthilde , Diehl Doerte , Ahmed Mutez A. , Banfield Callum , Dippold Michi , Vetterlein Doris , Wimmer Monika A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mucilage plays crucial roles in root-soil interactions. Collection systems for maize (Zea mays L.) use primary and seminal roots of aeroponically-grown seedlings (CSA), or brace roots of soil-grown plants (CSB). While each method represents specific plant developmental stages, and root types growing in specific (micro-)environments, these factors are rarely considered. It is unclear whether mucilage exhibits distinct physico-chemical properties related to collection system-inherent factors.

Methods
Mucilage of maize genotype B73 was collected from systems CSA and CSB. Chemical composition was assessed by pH, nutrient contents, neutral sugar composition, and polysaccharide polymer length. Viscosity, surface tension and contact angle represented physical properties.

Results
The share of hexoses among total polysaccharides was 11% higher in CSB than in CSA, whereas pentoses were predominant in CSA, together with higher nutrient concentrations and pH values. Mannose was detected only in CSB, which also exhibited higher surface tension, viscosity and contact angle compared to CSA.

Conclusions
Physico-chemical differences between the two mucilages are related to root type functions, environmental root growth conditions, and plant developmental state. Higher fractions of pentoses in CSA mucilage seem related to semi-sterile system conditions. Higher viscosity of CSB mucilage might reflect the need for enhanced water holding capacity of brace roots growing in drier conditions. A strong influence of environmental factors on mucilage properties even for a single genotype might play additional roles e.g. in the attraction of microbiomes. These aspects are relevant when assessing the role of mucilage in the rhizosphere, or when developing models of rhizosphere processes.
Permission to believe is not permission to believe at will
Authors: Kieval Phillip Hintikka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccording to doxastic involuntarism, we cannot believe at will. In this paper, I argue that permissivism, the view that, at times, there is more than one way to respond rationally to a given body of evidence, is consistent with doxastic involuntarism. Rober (Mind 128(511):837–859, 2019a, Philos Phenom Res 1–17, 2019b) argues that, since permissive situations are possible, cognitively healthy agents can believe at will. However, Roeber (Philos Phenom Res 1–17, 2019b) fails to distinguish between two different arguments for voluntarism, both of which can be shown to fail by proper attention to different accounts of permissivism. Roeber considers a generic treatment of permissivism, but key premises in both arguments depend on different, more particular notions of permissivism. Attending to the distinction between single-agent and inter-subjective versions of permissivism reveals that the inference from permissivism to voluntarism is unwarranted.
Development and validation of a prediction model of catheter-related thrombosis in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy based on ultrasonography results and clinical information
Authors: Lin Shanhong , Zhu Ning , YihanZhang  , Du Liping , Zhang Shengmin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCentral venous catheters can be used conveniently to deliver medications and improve comfort in patients with cancer. However, they can cause major complications. The current study aimed to develop and validate an individualized nomogram for early prediction of the risk of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. In total, 647 patients were included in the analysis. They were randomly assigned to the training (n = 431) and validation (n = 216) cohorts. A nomogram for predicting the risk of CRT in the training cohort was developed based on logistic regression analysis results. The accuracy and discriminatory ability of the model were determined using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values and calibration plots. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, risk of cancer-related thrombosis, d-dimer level, and blood flow velocity were independent risk factors of CRT. The calibration plot showed an acceptable agreement between the predicted and actual probabilities of CRT. The AUROC values of the nomogram were 0.757 (95% confidence interval: 0.717–0.809) and 0.761 (95% confidence interval: 0.701–0.821) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Our model presents a novel, user-friendly tool for predicting the risk of CRT in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, it can contribute to clinical decision-making.
Circles of Care for Safety: A Care Ethics Approach to Safe-by-Design
Authors: Baas Lieke , Metselaar Suzanne , Klaassen Pim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Safe-by-Design is an approach to engineering that aims to integrate the value of safety in the design and development of new technologies. It does so by integrating knowledge of potential dangers in the design process and developing methods to design undesirable effects out of the innovation. Recent discussions have highlighted several challenges in conceptualizing safety and integrating the value into the design process. Therefore, some have argued to design for the responsibility for safety, instead of for safety itself. However, this idea has not been developed further. In this article, we develop an approach to Safe-by-Design, grounded in care ethics, which builds on the idea of designing for responsibility and can deal with the complexity that is inherent to the conceptualization of safety. We describe five ways in which care ethics contributes to the conceptualization of Safe-by-Design: (1) It suggests the development of ‘circles of care’ in which stakeholders share the responsibility for safety; (2) it recognizes the importance of considering safety as something that is situated in the surroundings of a technology, instead of as a property of the technology itself; (3) it acknowledges that achieving safety is labour that requires an ongoing commitment; (4) it emphasizes that the way in which we relate to technology impacts its safety; and (5) it recognizes the role of emotions in assessing safety. All these elements combined lead to a broader understanding of safety and a philosophically more substantial and practically more appealing conceptualization of Safe-by-Design.
Mathematical Modeling of the Ejected Droplet Size Distribution in the Vicinity of a Gas–Liquid Impingement Zone
Authors: Mitas Bernhard , Visuri Ville-Valtteri , Schenk Johannes 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The controlled splashing of metal droplets plays a decisive role in the kinetics of the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process. In this work, a mathematical model was developed for predicting the size distribution of spherical droplets ejected at an impingement zone. Harmonic oscillators are used to describe the ejection sites, and the upper limit for the droplet population is calculated through a force balance. The model was validated against literature data from high-temperature crucible experiments involving different supply pressures and lance heights as well as both single-hole and multihole lances. The predicted size distribution of the metal droplets was found to be in good agreement with the droplet size distributions measured from outside the crucible. The model was also applied for predicting the size distribution parameters of the Rosin–Rammler–Sperling (RRS) size distribution function. The model developed is computationally light and is suitable to be used as a part of offline and online simulation tools for the BOF process.
Heat-shock protein 90α is a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale and multicenter study
Authors: Su Ke , Liu Yanlin , Wang Pan , He Kun , Wang Fei , Chi Hao , Rao Mingyue , Li Xueting , Wen Lianbin , Song Yanqiong , Zhang Jianwen , Gu Tao , Xu Ke , Li Qi , Chen Jiali , Wu Zhenying , Li Han , Huang Weihong , Chen Lan , Tong Jian , Li Hongyan , Feng Xunjie , Chen Siyu , Yang Binbin , Jin Hongping , Yang Yue , Liu Hanlin , Yang Chao , Wu Ming , Xiong Fangyu , Peng Keyi , Zhu Lechuan , Xu Yaoyang , Tang Xue , Tan Zunyuan , Luo Xiaotong , Zheng Hanyue , Zhang Yuxin , Guo Lu , Han Yunwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the diagnostic value of plasma heat-shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been previously reported, the causal effect of the plasma HSP90α levels on HCC prognosis remains largely unclear. To this extent, we sought to assess whether the plasma HSP90α acts as a prognostic factor for HCC patients.

Methods
A total of 2150 HCC patients were included in this retrospective study between August 2016 and July 2021. Plasma HSP90α levels were tested within a week before treatment and their association with prognosis was assessed.

Results
An optimal cutoff value of 143.5 for the HSP90α based on the overall survival (OS) was determined using the X-tile software. HCC patients with HSP90α < 143.5 ng/mL (low HSP90α) before and after propensity score matching (PSM) indicated longer median OS (mOS) relative to those with HSP90α ≥ 143.5 ng/mL (high HSP90α) (37.0 vs. 9.0 months, p < 0.001; 19.2 vs. 9.6 months, p < 0.001; respectively). In addition, the high HSP90α plasma level is an independent poor prognostic factor for OS in HCC patients. In our subgroup analysis, including the supportive care group, surgery group, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) group, adjuvant TACE group, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus targeted therapy group, and TACE plus ICI group, the high HSP90α group demonstrated better OS compared to the low HSP90α group. Moreover, in the supportive care, TACE, ICI plus targeted therapy, TACE plus ICI groups, and high HSP90α levels were also an independent poor prognostic factors for OS.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that the plasma HSP90α level can be used as a prognostic biomarker for HCC.
Shape of the Uncanny Valley and Emotional Attitudes Toward Robots Assessed by an Analysis of YouTube Comments
Authors: Ratajczyk Dawid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe uncanny valley hypothesis (UVH) suggests that almost, but not fully, humanlike artificial characters elicit a feeling of eeriness or discomfort in observers. This study used Natural Language Processing of YouTube comments to provide ecologically-valid, non-laboratory results about people’s emotional reactions toward robots. It contains analyses of 224,544 comments from 1515 videos showing robots from a wide humanlikeness spectrum. The humanlikeness scores were acquired from the Anthropomorphic roBOT database. The analysis showed that people use words related to eeriness to describe very humanlike robots. Humanlikeness was linearly related to both general sentiment and perceptions of eeriness—-more humanlike robots elicit more negative emotions. One of the subscales of humanlikeness, Facial Features, showed a UVH-like relationship with both sentiment and eeriness. The exploratory analysis demonstrated that the most suitable words for measuring the self-reported uncanny valley effect are: ‘scary’ and ‘creepy’. In contrast to theoretical expectations, the results showed that humanlikeness was not related to either pleasantness or attractiveness. Finally, it was also found that the size of robots influences sentiment toward the robots. According to the analysis, the reason behind this is the perception of smaller robots as more playable (as toys), although the prediction that bigger robots would be perceived as more threatening was not supported.