bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Bio Fertilizers and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
Authors: Mounika Sammeta , Mehera Biswarup , Sathvik Devarapalli , Chandan Nitta 
Published: June 2022

A field experiment was conducted in Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj, (U.P), during the rabi season of 2021-22 with the objective to study the “Influence of bio fertilizers and zinc on growth and yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)”. The soil in the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, pH (7.2), low in organic carbon (0.82%), available N (274.48 kg/ha), available P (26.80 kg/ha) and available K (230.24 kg/ha).The layout of the experiment was done in a Randomized block design with nine treatments which is replicated thrice. The bio fertilizers (Rhizobium, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM)) @ 25 g/kg of seeds and three levels of zinc (4,5,6 kg/ha).Growth and yield parameters namely plant height, number of nodules/plant, dry weight, pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, test weight, seed yield, Stover yield, harvest index were collected from this experiment. Results revealed that significantly higher plant height (35.24 cm), dry weight (25.64), number of nodules (8.33/plant), pods/plant (160.32), seeds/pod (1.89), seed yield (1.79 t/ha), Stover yield (2.60 t/ha) were recorded with treatment combination of Rhizobium at 25 g/kg seeds + Zinc at 6 kg/ha (treatment 3). Maximum gross return (91290.00 INR/ha), net returns (62405.65 INR/ha), and benefit cost (2.16) were obtained highest in the treatment combination of Rhizobium at 25 g/kg seeds + Zinc at 6 kg/ha (treatment 3).
An Alternative to Conventional Rice: Direct Sowing with Drum Seeder
Authors: Ravalika K. , Karuni Y. Archana , Suhasini K. , Bharat T. , Chary D. Srinivasa 
Published: June 2022

Objective: The current study is to compare the economics of rice cultivation by Conventional method (CR) versus Direct sowing with drum seeder (DSR) and to rank the constraints faced by DSR adopted farmers.
Methods: Cost concepts were used for comparative economic analysis and Garrett ranking technique was used for analysing the constraints faced by the DSR adopted farmers. The present study was conducted in Nalgonda district of Telangana with sample of 80 farmers.
Findings: Direct sowing with drum seeder was proved to be cost effective and profitable compared to conventional rice cultivation. Cost C2 of DSR (81518.9 Rs./ha) was lower than Cost C2 of CR (87535.4 Rs./ha). Net returns of DSR (44839.2 Rs./ha) was higher when compared to CR (41784 Rs./ha).
Conclusion: It is evident from the results of the economic analysis and the feedback received from the farmers that, direct sowing of rice with drum seeder with proper weed management was feasible and most practical alternative for the farmers to go for rice cultivation in the event of uncertain monsoon, increased cost of cultivation and labour shortage besides resource optimization in Telangana state. Therefore, DSR is considered to be the best alternative for rice cultivation addressing the issues of conventional system.
Evaluation of Soil Chemical Properties and Organic Carbon along the Distance Gradient from Sea Coast in Coastal Soils of Northern Saurashtra Region of Gujarat
Authors: Yadav Kiran , Parmar K. B. , Nirali Bhorania 
Published: June 2022

Aims: In present time, salinity and alkalinity of the soils are serious problems in India as well as in Gujarat. These soils are usually supposed to be originated as a result of high water table, arid and semi-arid weather, ingress the sea, water, saline nature of barren materials, poor drainage and salt deposition through wind-blown particles. The current study aimed to study the soil chemical properties and organic carbon in soils of Northern Saurashtra coastal region (Jamnagar, Devbhumi Dwarka and Porbandar district) of Gujarat.
Study Design: Field survey and laboratory analysis
Place and Duration of Study: The twenty surface soil samples were collected from each taluka viz. Jodiya, Jamnagar and Lalpur talukas of Jamnagar district, Khambhalia, Dwarka and Kalyanpur talukas of Devbhumi Dwarka district and Porbandar taluka of Porbandar district of Northern Saurashtra Coastal region of Gujarat during May, 2019 and analysed in laboratory of Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, JAU, Junagadh (Gujarat) during 2019-2021.
Methodology: In this field-laboratory investigation, 141 grid-based surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from farmer’s field, through the use of GPS at the distance of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 km from coastal line and analysed for different chemical properties. Sampling sites were selected based on geographical situation, climate and local data of taluka. In laboratory, the collected samples were analysed for SOC, EC2.5, CaCO3, CEC and water-soluble ions.
Results: On the basis of analyzed data, it can be concluded that soil EC2.5 was found beyond to its critical or marginal limit up to 0 to 5 km distance from sea coast. The soil organic carbon status of Northern Saurashtra coastal region was found in medium (5.14 g kg-1) category. The soils are calcareous in nature (CaCO3 121.20 g kg-1) with alkaline in reaction (pH2.5 7.58).
Conclusion: The EC2.5, CaCO3, CEC and water-soluble ions except K+ were decreased, while pH2.5 and SOC were slightly increased with increasing the distance from sea coast. The content of organic carbon in soil was noted below to its critical limit up to 10 km distance from sea coast in Northern Saurashtra which might be due to salinity hazard and shallow light texture.
FPGA Based Facial Recognition System
Authors: Izuddeen M. , Naja’atu M. K. , Ali M. U. , Abdullahi M. B. , Baballe A. M. , Tofa A. U. , Gambo M. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Face recognition research is motivated not just by fundamental security concerns, but also by the fact that it is required in many practical applications where human identity is required. Rapid improvements in technology such as digital cameras, the internet, mobile devices, and technological demands on security have facilitated and encouraged face recognition as one of the key biometric technologies. Face detection, feature extraction, and classification methods for face identification utilizing hardware description language HDL implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array are investigated in this paper (FPGA).The research goals include.
Methods: The Viola-Jones algorithm for face detection was developed, followed by developing an algorithm for feature extraction using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN),and finally feature matching using Hamming Distance. The whole system was implemented on FPGA, using VHDL.
Results: The system successfully identifies the eye region of the face from the image, and extracts the features of each image then perform matching. The program output or display a result of image matched or image not matched. The execution time of the overall system speeds up due to the parallel processing of FPGA.
Conclusion: The program was able to distinguish between two images of people based on their eye image, as well as detect minor expressional changes in the test image. Designing the full algorithm using FPGA help in speeding up the execution time of the processes, which gives the opportunity to build the system to work in real time with low cost due to its flexibility.
Assessment of Efficacy of Nimesulide in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Farhan Ahmed , Khan Naveed Ullah , Ali Syed Muhammad Muneeb 
Published: June 2022

Objective: There are different anti-inflammatory drugs that are being used in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. However, in mild to moderate COVID-19 infection, Nimesulide treatment might impede the inflammation with a superior safety profile. Therefore, this study is intended to assess the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nimesulide in mild to moderate Covid-19 infection.
Methodology: This was an uncontrolled longitudinal study conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad. The duration of the study was about six months. A total of 66 patients were enrolled. All the patients received Nimesulide 100 mg along with 10 ml sucralfate suspension two times a day for five days. Patients with elevated C-reactive protein or further comorbidities were prescribed 250 mg azithromycin two times a day for five days. Patients with elevated D-dimer (above 500) or other comorbidities were prescribed enoxaparin in a dose of 60 mg subcutaneously once daily for five days. The Primary outcome was estimated in terms of a percent change in oxygen saturation, hospitalization, or death.
Results: The results showed that 31(47.0%) were females and 35(53.0%) were males. The mean oxygen saturation on presentation was 93%±7.9. 24(36.36%) of the patients had D-dimer levels < 250 ng/ml, while 30(45.45%) of the patients had D-dimer levels >250 ng/ml with significant difference between them (p=0.025). 16(24.24%) patients received enoxaparin while 49(74.24%) patients did not received enoxaparin and found a significant difference between the mean change in oxygen saturation of them (p<0.001). 47(71.2%) patients received azithromycin while 19(28.8%) patients did not received azithromycin and found a significant difference between the mean change in oxygen saturation of them (p=0.03).
Conclusion: This study concluded that Nimesulide treatment resulted in a rapid temperature fall within five days. Furthermore, oxygen saturation was also significantly improved in patients treated with Nimesulide.
Interface Element Accumulation‐Induced Single Ferroelectric Domain for High‐Performance Neuromorphic Synapse
Authors: Li Xiaoqi , Liu Jiaqi , Xu Fan , Ali Sajjad , Wu Han , Huang Biaohong , Deng Haoyue , Li Yizhuo , Jiang Yuxuan , Fan Zhen , Tang Yunlong , Wang Yujia , Bououdina Mohamed , Yang Teng , Hu Weijin , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFerroelectric (FE) synapses are promising for neuromorphic computing toward enhanced artificial intelligence systems. Nonetheless, there is a significant gap in understanding how to effectively tailor self‐polarization and its implications on synaptic device performance. Here, an approach using interfacial element accumulation is reported to tailor the self‐polarization states of BaTiO3 (BTO)/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) FE heterostructure into a single domain state. This single domain configuration results are demonstrated in a gradient distribution of oxygen vacancies across the film thickness, yielding an extraordinary on/off ratio of 107 in Pt/BTO/LSMO FE diodes. This giant resistive switching enables the long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression synaptic functions of excellent linearity and symmetry (with a nonsymmetry factor as low as 0.1), leading to a supervised learning ability of the associated artificial neural network with a high pattern recognition accuracy of 95%. This work provides a simple design principle for FE single domain, which is substantial in enhancing the performance of FE synapses for neuromorphic computing.
Topotactic Reduction‐Driven Crystal Field Excitations in Brownmillerite Manganite Thin Films
Authors: Jin Feng , Fan Shiyu , Gu Mingqiang , Lv Qiming , Ge Min , Zhang Zixun , Zhang Jinfeng , Lu Jingdi , Kim Taehun , Bhartiya Vivek , Huang Zhen , Wang Lingfei , Bisogni Valentina , Pelliciari Jonathan , Wu Wenbin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTopotactic reduction of perovskite oxides offers a powerful approach for discovering novel phenomena, such as superconducting infinite‐layer nickelates and polar metallicity, and is commonly accompanied by the emergence of multiple valence states and/or complex crystal fields of transition metals. However, understanding the complex interplay between crystal chemistry, electronic structure, and physical properties at the spin‐ and orbital‐resolved levels in these reduced systems remains elusive. Here, x‐ray absorption spectroscopy, resonant inelastic x‐ray scattering (RIXS), and density functional theory calculations are used to uncover topotactic metal‐insulator transition and orbital‐specific crystal field excitations in brownmillerite La0.67Ca0.33MnO2.5 thin films. The Mn valence states are found to be Mn2+/Mn3+, along with their corresponding populations at octahedral and tetrahedral sites, which effectively weaken the Mn‐O hybridization compared to the parent perovskite phase. As a result, La0.67Ca0.33MnO2.5 films exhibit an antiferromagnetic insulating ground state. Moreover, by combining the RIXS measurements on selected single‐valence manganites, specifically MnO, LaMnO3, and CaMnO3, with orbital‐ and spin‐resolved density‐of‐states calculations, the study identifies the dd excitations of octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated Mn2+/Mn3+ ions, directly linking the microscopic electronic structure to the macroscopic magnetic/electrical properties.
Topological Design of Floaters with Plug‐In Functions
Authors: Liang Xiaojing , Yang Yuxi , Zheng Yan , Wang Zehao , Chen Min , Peng Bo , Wu Limin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFloaters with exposed surfaces are essential for applications in heterogeneous catalysis, microdetectors, and solar evaporation. Conventional floaters, however, rely on specific low‐density or hydrophobic materials, restricting their adaptability. This study introduces a topological design principle, enabling dense, hydrophilic materials to float stably on water. The proposed hydrophilic cellular sheet (HCS) features a water‐attractive substrate patterned with a crown‐shaped pore array, fabricated via digital light processing. These unique pores trap air effectively, providing exceptional buoyancy. The modular design of the HCS allows for versatile plug‐in functionalities by utilizing the pores as reservoirs for functional beads. The combination of multi‐HCSs enables on‐water information encryption and decryption. Furthermore, the HCS demonstrates potential as supporting devices in triboelectric nanogenerators, promising in wave energy harvesting. This work establishes a versatile platform for designing adaptable floaters with integrated functionalities, expanding their utility in areas, such as interface carriers, encryption devices, and renewable energy collection.
Nanocrystalline Perovskites for Bright and Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jang Kyung Yeon , Chang Seong Eui , Kim Dong‐Hyeok , Yoon Eojin , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNanocrystalline perovskites have driven significant progress in metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) over the past decade by enabling the spatial confinement of excitons. Consequently, three primary categories of nanocrystalline perovskites have emerged: nanoscale polycrystalline perovskites, quasi‐2D perovskites, and perovskite nanocrystals. Each type has been developed to address specific challenges and enhance the efficiency and stability of PeLEDs. This review explores the representative material design strategies for these nanocrystalline perovskites, correlating them with exciton recombination dynamics and optical/electrical properties. Additionally, it summarizes the trends in progress over the past decade, outlining four distinct phases of nanocrystalline perovskite development. Lastly, this review addresses the remaining challenges and proposes a potential material design to further advance PeLED technology toward commercialization.
Progress in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Paving the Way for Scalable Manufacturing
Authors: Kutsarov Dimitar I. , Rezaee Ehsan , Lambert Jed , Stroud Walter Tevis , Panagiotopoulos Apostolos , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe urgency for a sustainable mitigation of the environmental impacts caused by climate change highlights the importance of renewable energy technologies to fight this challenge. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) emerge as a promising alternative to traditional photovoltaic (PV) technologies due to their unprecedented increase in efficiency (currently peaking at 26.95%) and long‐term stability proven by the successful completion of industry relevant International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) testing standards. Flexible PSCs (f‐PSCs) offer significant advantages such as lightweight and high power‐per‐weight ratio, mechanical flexibility, and a high throughput roll‐to‐roll (R2R) manufacturing. These make f‐PSCs ideal for implementation in various applications areas, such as wearable electronics, portable devices, space PV, building‐ or automotive‐integrated PVs, and more. Notably, efficiencies over 23% now mark a significant milestone for f‐PSCs, demonstrating their competitiveness with traditional rigid solar panels. This review explores breakthroughs in f‐PSCs, focusing on flexible substrates, electrode materials, perovskite inks, and encapsulation strategies. It also covers recent advancements and studies of f‐PSCs fabricated by scalable deposition methods and emphasizes the importance of interfacial engineering and encapsulation in enhancing stability and durability. The review concludes with a summary of key findings, remaining challenges, and perspectives for the successful market uptake of f‐PSCs.
Tailoring Crystal Growth Regulation and Dual Passivation for Air‐Processed Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Qianyi , Li Dongyang , Li Zhiqi , Liang Qiong , Fong Patrick W. K. , Han Yu , Liu Kuan , Yu Jiangsheng , Bai Peng , Zhu Tao , Bai Yang , Yang Guang , Ren Zhiwei , Li Gang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as highly competitive next‐generation photovoltaics due to their excellent performance and low production cost. However, the construction of high‐efficiency PSCs typically requires an inert nitrogen environment within a glove box, inadvertently increasing manufacturing costs and hindering the transition from lab‐scale to industrial‐scale production. In this work, an air ambient fabrication of pure α‐phase FAPbI3 PSCs with high‐efficiency and stability, utilizing a dual‐functional engineering strategy assisted by 3‐Guanidinopropionicacid (3‐GuA) is reported. 3‐GuA assists in managing excess PbI2 and promotes the formation of high‐quality FAPbI3 films via intermolecular exchange. Simultaneously, the existence of 3‐GuA minimizes the defects and stabilizes the resulting perovskite films. As a result, the ambient‐air fabricated PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.2% with negligible hysteresis and excellent stability. Additionally, these devices demonstrate superior reproducibility, offering valuable guidance for future advancements in this technology.
Lactylation‐Driven HECTD2 Limits the Response of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Lenvatinib
Authors: Dong Runyu , Fei Yao , He Yiren , Gao Peng , Zhang Bo , Zhu Menglin , Wang Zhixiong , Wu Longfei , Wu Shuai , Wang Xiaoming , Cai Juan , Chen Zhiqiang , Zuo Xueliang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDrug resistance remains a major hurdle for the therapeutic efficacy of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely undetermined. Unbiased proteomic screening is performed to identify the potential regulators of lenvatinib resistance in HCC. Patient‐derived organoids, patient‐derived xenograft mouse models, and DEN/CCl4 induced HCC models are constructed to evaluate the effects of HECTD2 both in vitro and in vivo. HECTD2 is found to be highly expressed in lenvatinib‐resistant HCC cell lines, patient tissues, and patient‐derived organoids and xenografts. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpression of HECTD2 limits the response of HCC to lenvatinib treatment. Mechanistically, HECTD2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of KEAP1, which contributes to the degradation of KEAP1 protein. Subsequently, the KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway initiates the antioxidative response of HCC cells. Lactylation of histone 3 on lysine residue 18 facilitates the transcription of HECTD2. Notably, a PLGA‐PEG nanoparticle‐based drug delivery system is synthesized, effectively targeting HECTD2 in vivo. The NPs achieved tumor‐targeting, controlled‐release, and biocompatibility, making them a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating lenvatinib resistance. This study identifies HECTD2 as a nanotherapeutic target for overcoming lenvatinib resistance, providing a theoretical basis and translational application for HCC treatment.
Targeting USP1 Potentiates Radiation‐Induced Type I IFN‐Dependent Antitumor Immunity by Enhancing Oligo‐Ubiquitinated SAR1A‐Mediated STING Trafficking and Activation
Authors: Zhou Weilin , Zhao Yuxuan , Qin Wenjing , Wu Weijian , Liao Chenyang , Zhang Yiqiu , Yang Xingli , Chen Xue , Wang Youqiao , Kang Yushan , Wu Jiaxin , Zhao Jiaojiao , Quan Junmin , Wang Xuecen , Bu Xianzhang , Yue Xin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe magnitude of Type I interferon (IFN) mediated innate immune response within the tumor microenvironment (TME) critically influences the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Unfortunately, due to a myriad of resistance mechanisms, the double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) signals produced by tumor cells postradiotherapy often induce a diminished response from immune cells. Through chemical screening targeting deubiquitinating enzymes, we identified USP1 (Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 1) inhibitor as an enhancer of post‐radiotherapy dsDNA responses. Mechanistically, within the context of immune‐stimulatory cells in TME, USP1 serves as a suppressor in the stress‐mediated stages of the cGAS (Cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase) ‐STING (Stimulator of interferon genes protein) signaling pathway, specifically affecting the trafficking of STING from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus. It is elucidated that SAR1A (Secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A) requires K27‐linked oligo‐ubiquitination to assemble the STING‐COP‐II (Coat protein II) transport complex for STING trafficking. USP1 counteracts this activation by removing SAR1A ubiquitination, thereby blocking STING trafficking and activation. Consequently, pharmacological USP1 inhibition using ML323 sustains SAR1A ubiquitination and COP‐II complex formation, significantly enhancing STING trafficking and subsequent Type I IFN production. This intervention substantially amplifies radiotherapy‐induced immune activation in the TME, providing a strategic approach to overcome therapeutic resistance and synergize radiotherapy with immunotherapies.
Interface‐Confined Catalytic Synthesis of Anisotropic Covalent Organic Framework Nanofilm for Ultrafast Molecular Sieving
Authors: Tang Jiahao , Liao Yu , Pan Zhenxiang , Fang Songjun , Tang Mingxiu , Shao Lu , Han Gang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as prominent membrane materials for efficiently fractionating organic molecules and ions due to their unique pore structure. However, the fabrication of free‐standing COF nanofilms with high crystallinity remains an arduous undertaking, and feasible methods that can enable precise control over the film microstructure are barely reported. This work conceives an exquisite interface‐confined catalytic strategy to prepare Tp‐BD(OH)2 COF nanofilm with an anisotropic structure analogously to conventional polymeric membranes. Experimental data and molecular simulations reveal that the hydroxyl groups on the framework substantially capture and anchor the acid catalyst through hydrogen bonding interactions at the incipient stage of interfacial polycondensation, instigating confined catalysis and self‐termination reaction at the interface. The distinctive asymmetric structure endows the Tp‐BD(OH)2 COF nanofilm with a record‐breaking pure water permeance of 525.3 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and unprecedented dye/salt selectivity of 648.6, surpassing other reported COF films and state‐of‐the‐art nanofiltration membranes, as well as enduring structural durability and chemical stability. The implemented interface‐confined catalysis strategy opens up a new avenue for regulating the COF nanofilm microstructure and holds broad prospects for the rational design of high‐performance membranes for sustainable water purification and treatment.