bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIRT1 Is Involved in the Neuroprotection of Pterostilbene Against Amyloid β 25–35-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Mice
Authors: Zhu Lin , Lu Fangjin , Zhang Xiaoran , Liu Siyuan , Mu Ping 
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles. Pterostilbene (PTE), a bioactive component mainly in blueberries, is found to have neuroprotective properties. However, the specific underlying mechanisms of PTE in protecting AD remain unclear. Herein, we explored its effects on Aβ25–35-induced neuronal damage in vivo and in vitro and further compared the roles with its structural analog resveratrol (RES) in improving learning–memory deficits. We found that intragastric administration of PTE (40 mg/kg) displayed more effective neuroprotection on Aβ25–35-induced cognitive dysfunction assessed using the novel object test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. Then, we found that PTE improved neuronal plasticity and alleviated neuronal loss both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, PTE upregulated the expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in the Aβ25–35-treated group. However, SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 reversed the neuroprotection and induced a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential in PTE-treated primary cortical neurons. Our data suggest that PTE’s enhancing learning–memory ability and improving neuroplasticity might be related to inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis via the antioxidant effect regulated by SIRT1/Nrf2 in AD.
Hydrocarbon Charge History of the Upper Paleozoic, Ordos Basin as Revealed by Fluid Inclusions
Authors: Cao Qing , Wei Xinshan , Chen Zhangxing , Zhao Jingzhou , Tang Mingju 
Published: April 2022

The petrographic characteristics of fluid inclusions of the main gas-bearing intervals of the Upper Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin are analyzed by means of plane-polarized light, fluorescence microscopy, and microthermometry. With the burial history of the basin, the charging and enrichment of natural gas in low-permeability reservoirs are also studied through a comparison of parameters such as the homogenization temperature and freezing temperature of aqueous inclusions associated with hydrocarbon inclusions. A comprehensive analysis of the assemblage characteristics, components, and temperature of fluid inclusions of the Upper Paleozoic shows that the abundance, attitude, and composition of gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions can reflect petroleum enrichment in low-permeability reservoirs. The homogenization temperature and freezing temperature of aqueous inclusions associated with gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions show no obvious discontinuities, indicating that natural gas charging was a long and continuous process since the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous (210–100 Ma) and natural gas accumulation mainly occurred during the Early Cretaceous (125–100 Ma).
Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students
Authors: Tan Yejun , Wu Zhijian , Qu Xiangnan , Liu Yuzhuo , Peng Lele , Ge Yan , Li Shu , Du Jinfeng , Tang Qi , Wang Jia , Peng Xiaofei , Liao Jiafen , Song Meiyan , Kang Jin 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveWe conducted the following cross-sectional study to comprehensively assess the anxiety among Chinese international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influencing factors.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed through “Sojump,” and a total of 1,090 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: general situation and anxiety assessment of students. The former used a self-made questionnaire, and the international general GAD-7 scale was used to measure anxiety. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed for the factors with differences.ResultsAnxiety was found in 707 (64.9%) of 1,090 international students. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of anxiety was higher in the group under 22 years of age than in the group over 22 years of age (68% vs. 61%, p = 0.015; OR = 1.186, 95% CI 1.045–1.347, p = 0.008); International students living in big cities had a higher incidence of anxiety than those living in rural areas (67% vs. 60%, p = 0.022; OR = 1.419, 95%CI 1.038–1.859, p = 0.011); international students who socialized 3 times or less monthly had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who socialized more than 3 times per month (68% vs. 58%, p = 0.003; OR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.160–1.992, p = 0.002); international students who expected purely online teaching had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who expected purely offline teaching or dual-track teaching (72% vs. 64%, p = 0.037; OR = 1.525, 95%CI 1.069–2.177, p = 0.02); international students with a subjective score of online learning experience of 6 or less had a higher incidence of anxiety than those with subjective scores of more than 6 (70% vs. 60%, p = 0.001, OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.099–1.422, p = 0.001). However, gender, emotional status, BMI, major of study, vaccination status, and degree type had no significant difference in the incidence of anxiety among international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionDuring COVID-19, international students who were younger, came from big cities, had low social frequency, expected purely online teaching, and had poor experience of online classes were risk factors for anxiety during online classes.
Metacognitions in Patients With Frequent Mental Disorders After Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Caldarone Flora , Gebhardt Philippa , Hoeper Marius M. , Olsson Karen M. , Fuge Jan , Park Da-Hee , Meltendorf Tanja , Kamp Jan C. , Stapel Britta , Richter Manuel J. , Gall Henning , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Kahl Kai G. , Heitland Ivo 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of mental disorders, particularly adjustment disorder (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic disorder (PD) is increased in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, it is unclear which pathogenic mechanisms determine their development and could therefore be targeted in prevention or therapeutic interventions. Here, we assessed metacognitions in a sample of PAH patients with and without MDD and PD. Moreover, we reconstructed the course of mental illnesses following the PAH diagnosis.MethodsTwo hundred seventeen PAH patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of AD was assessed retrospectively using DSM-V criteria. Current mental disorders were assessed using the structured clinical interview for DSM-V. Additionally, metacognitive beliefs and processes were assessed using established questionnaires (MCQ-30, AnTI).ResultsPatients with an AD consecutive to the PAH diagnosis more frequently developed MDD (37.5 vs. 13.9%, p &lt; 0.001) and PD (26.3 vs. 8.8%, p = 0.001) later on compared to PAH patients without a former AD. Moreover, patients with current MDD/PD displayed more dysfunctional metacognitions than those without current MDD/PD (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with current MDD/PD in the context of former AD had more dysfunctional metacognitive worries and beliefs compared to patients with current MDD/PD without former AD (p = 0.009).ConclusionOur results suggest that in the context of PAH, dysfunctional metacognitions are associated with MDD and PD. Therefore, a metacognitive approach to treat and prevent those mental illnesses seems promising and should be investigated in future studies.
Microwave Perspective on Magnetic Breakout Eruption
Authors: Lee Jeongwoo 
Published: April 2022

Microwave maps may provide critical information on the flux rope interaction and the breakout eruption if their polarization is measured with high precision. We demonstrate this diagnostic capability using the 17 GHz maps from the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) of a circular ribbon flare SOL2014-12-17T04:51. The EUV images from SDO/AIA and the coronal magnetic field extrapolated from the HMI magnetogram are also used to support the interpretation of the microwave data. The most obvious evidence for the breakout eruption comes from the sign change of the microwave polarization over the AR at heliographic coordinates S20E09, indicating change of the overlying fields from a closed fan structure to a spine-like structure. Another important piece of evidence comes from the spatial and temporal variations of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) detected at the 17 GHz. The QPP was more obvious in one loop leg before the eruption and later moved to the spine field region on and after the flare. This indicates that the oscillatory power is transferred from an interacting flux rope to the outer spine, along which the reconnection launches torsional Alfvén waves, in good agreement with MHD model predictions for breakout eruption. In the practical viewpoint, these two diagnostics work because microwave observations are free of saturation even in strong flaring regions.
Precise Localization in Craniotomy With a Retrosigmoid Keyhole Approach: Microsurgical Anatomy and Clinical Study
Authors: Jian Zhi-Heng , Sheng Min-Feng , Li Jia-Yan , Li Yu , Weng Zhi-Jian , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore a method of precise localization within craniotomy based on skull anatomical landmarks via the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.MethodCraniometric measurements were taken from 15 adult dry skulls and eight cadaver head specimens. In the anatomical study, the keypoint corresponded to the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction's corresponding point on the external surface of the temporal mastoid process, eight cadaveric heads underwent a simulated craniotomy using the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. The center of the burr hole is precisely oriented 12 mm vertically above the top point of the mastoid groove based on the line between the infraorbital margin and the upper edge of the external auditory canal. Clinical application was verified in clinical surgery by evaluating the accuracy, safety, rapidity, and minimal invasiveness of the procedure in 29 patients.ResultNo venous sinus injuries were observed. Within clinical application, 29 patients underwent craniotomy using the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. The operative area was clearly exposed in all patients and the microsurgical anatomy of the intracranial region after the dura mater incision was satisfactory. No venous sinus ruptures were observed. The average craniectomy time was 27.02 ± 0.86 min. The diameter of the bone window was 1.7–2.9 cm.ConclusionWe conclude that the method can ensure safe, accurate, and rapid craniotomy with good vision while avoiding injury to the venous sinus.
Clinical Features and Endovascular Management of Iliac Arteriovenous Fistulas: A 10-Year Single Center Experience
Authors: Ji Lei , Gu Guangchao , Liu Zhili , Chen Yuexin , Ye Wei , Liu Bao , Liu Changwei , Zheng Yuehong 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveIliac arteriovenous fistulas (IAVFs) are rare abnormalities with limited reported cases. This study aimed to summarize the clinical features and experiences on the diagnosis and endovascular treatment of IAVFs.MethodsA single-center retrospective study of IAVFs from 2010 to 2019 was performed. Data including demographics, clinical characteristics, radiological images, surgical details, and follow-up were collected.ResultsA total of 16 patients diagnosed with IAVFs were identified. The female to male ratio was 3:1. The mean age was 47.7 ± 10.4 years (range: 35–73 years). Leg swelling and cardiac insufficiency, especially heart failure, were the most common primary symptoms in this series, which were revealed in 68.8 and 37.5% of patients, respectively. Iatrogenic, traumatic, and congenital IAVFs were diagnosed in 62.5, 12.5, and 25.0% of patients, respectively, among which hysterectomy was thought to be the main cause for female iatrogenic IAVFs (31.3%). Anatomic analysis found that internal iliac vessels were the predilected sites of IAVFs. All the patients were treated by endovascular procedures composed of transarterial embolization (50.0%), transarterial and stage II transvenous embolization (31.3%), stage I transarterial and transvenous embolization (12.5%), and transarterial embolization plus stent implantation (6.3%). The clinical success rate was 93.8%. Minor complications including fever (18.8%) and exudation at the puncture point (6.25%) were noted and well-treated. During a follow-up period of 51.3 ± 41.9 months after operations, only one patient experienced re-emergence of heart failure because of recurrence of leiomyosarcoma; other patients recovered uneventfully with symptoms relief and no severe embolization-related complications was encountered.ConclusionIAVFs are rare disorders and correct diagnosis requires careful history taking and physical examination, combined with proper imaging investigation. The primary goal for treatment of IAVFs was to relieve associated symptoms. Based on the results of this study, endovascular approach is safe and effective for treatment of IAVFs.
Examining American Adult’s Mental Well and Ill-Being During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic Using a Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Jordan Lauren N. , Smith C. Veronica 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is an international health crisis that has caused unprecedented shifts in people’s environments and has threatened people’s wellbeing. The current study uses self-determination theory (SDT: 10) to understand how people were handling the pandemic, which proposes three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) are vital for human growth and thriving. Furthermore, we examined how people’s wellbeing and ill-being changed over the course of the pandemic.Methods: A sample of 193 American adults from around the country reported on their need satisfaction and frustration as well as well and ill-being at three time periods during the pandemic (April 2020, late July/early August 2020, and late January/early February 2021).Results: There was much variability in how people were handling the pandemic, but on average, wellbeing increased, and ill-being decreased over time. Consistent with SDT, the basic needs significantly predicted well and ill-being even during such unprecedented times of disruption.Conclusion: Our results suggest that public health officials should help individuals to focus on autonomy, competence, and relatedness behaviors during times of upheaval.
Smoking Cessation, Weight Gain, and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Wu Lin , Wang Xiaowen , Dong Jia-Yi , Zhao Yan-Ting , Lou Hongqiang 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To examine the association between smoking cessation and risk of type 2 diabetes with emphasis on post-cessation weight gain.Methods: In total, 8,951 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study at the baseline (2011) were included. Diabetes incidence was accessed at the third survey (2015). Current smokers were treated as the reference and odds ratios (OR) of type 2 diabetes for never smokers, recent, and long-term quitters were computed using multivariable logistic regression. Stratified analysis was further conducted by weight gain after smoking cessation.Results: There were 712 cases of type 2 diabetes identified. Compared with current smokers, the fully multivariable-adjusted ORs were 1.55 (1.02, 2.36) for recent quitters, 0.88 (0.61, 1.28) for long-term quitters, and 0.75 (0.59, 0.95) for never smokers. Stratified analysis showed recent quitters with weight gain of ≥2.0 kg had a significantly higher odds of type 2 diabetes [2.25 (1.02, 4.95)].Conclusion: The present study of the Chinese population suggested recent quitters with weight gain of ≥2.0 kg, compared with current smokers, had a significantly increased odds of type 2 diabetes.
Emotions as a lasting leadership learning in high-potential female students
Authors: Segovia Mónica , Laguna-Sánchez Pilar , Vargas-Pérez Ana M. , De la Fuente-Cabrero Concepción 
Published: April 2022

Women's underrepresentation in leadership positions is a well-known problem. The lack of self-confidence and training in leadership is highlighted in the literature as the two main barriers to women seeking managerial positions. Educational organizations have to provide leadership skills development and gain-oriented personal resources through women's leadership programs. Research demonstrates that emotions improve the learning process in educational activities. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there has been little feminist research focused on how emotions modulate the learning process in educational leadership programs and how they promote students’ personal change, which needs to last in time. To fill this gap, the objective of this study is to present an evaluation of the impact of emotions on a leadership program for female undergraduates, using a multi-source program assessment based on triangulation. The study analyzes the students' emotions during and after the university Women's Leadership Program (WLP), exploring their learning processes in the acquisition of formal leadership skills, personal resources, and personal inner transformation as a fusion of their emotions. The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) scale was applied including 9 items (α= 0.72). Bivariate analyses were conducted using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and exploratory factor analysis. Additionally, focus groups were carried out at the end of the course, two weeks after, to allow time for reflection by the participants. The analysis was carried out as a conventional content analysis (inductive). The results of an online survey and focus groups with the students and the perceptions of the lecturers suggest that emotions contributed to fostering the learning of leadership skills and triggering deep inner personal development. The findings indicate that i) positive and negative valence contributes to the appraisal process, helping them to be self-reflective about their personal leadership qualities, ii) reinforcing their own shortcomings and improving self-skills such as confidence, building leadership fluidly. In addition, the emotional state of the trainers who accompanied the students during the sessions of the program was highly significant, becoming emotional triggers. Furthermore, trainers also become role models. Practical implications for the future are provided for the educational institutions and business managers to improve women leadership programs
A partnership approach: supporting and empowering vulnerable women within one UK city
Authors: Warwick-Booth Louise , Coan Susan 
Published: April 2022

This paper draws upon a three-year longitudinal qualitative evaluation of a voluntary sector strategic partnership and delivery project involving eleven women-centred organisations. The consortium, funded by the Big Lottery (charity), worked together to support the most vulnerable women and girls across a city in the north of England 2017-2021. The partnership of eleven female led organisations delivered front-line services which aimed to enable women and girls to lead safer and healthier lives. Partners combined their expertise to support women with multiple needs including: mental health, domestic abuse, sexual violence and exploitation, experience of the criminal justice system, sex work, and substance misuse. The project aimed to achieve 3 outcomes: Outcome 1: Improved and extended access for vulnerable women and girls in Leeds to the services and support they want when they choose; Outcome 2: A holistic response to ensure that the needs of women and girls with multiple and complex issues are better supported; Outcome 3: Women and girls will be empowered to support their peers and influence service delivery, development and design across the city. Our evaluation placed the project staff, partners, stakeholders and service users at the centre of qualitative data collection, using a co-produced Theory of Change approach to data collection. Our sample of 34 service users, 35 professionals (19 interviewed twice) and monitoring data shows that the project successfully met its objectives and developed a model of practice that could be used in other contexts to support and empower vulnerable women.
Project_Gender Action Plans in Academia
Authors: Bencivenga Rita , Siri Anna , Leone Cinzia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Research on the implementation of positive actions and gender mainstreaming in academia reveals a fragmented patchwork in adopting strategies and policies. Even when national policies guarantee uniformity in adopting Gender Equality Plans (GEPs), this does not always lead to substantial changes in research and innovation teams and management structures.
Our study was inspired by the EU's requirement that research and innovation projects submitted to calls for proposal in the Sixth Framework Program (2002-2006) include a Gender Action Plan (GAP), covering all measures and activities promoting gender equality within each project and explaining gender issues associated with the project's subject matter. Although the requirement has been discontinued in the following Framework Programmes, the idea of a GAP at the project level raised interest in the scientific community.
Our article reports on the roadmap and the construction phases to implement a Gender Action Plan at the project level (P-GAP). A new European project funded under the Erasmus+ European Universities initiative has been identified as a case study for its characteristic of involving different institutional areas: teaching, research and third mission. The P-GAP addresses all project activities, thus escaping the boundaries set by the siloed work package structure.
By focusing on micro-actions at the project level, the P-GAP mirrors macro-actions at the organisational level. The purpose of the initiative was to understand whether activities inspired by GEPs but implemented at the project level encounter obstacles and resistance similar to those challenging the implementation of GEPs at the institutional level. By stimulating faculty, research, management, and administrative staff to promote gender equality and diversity, it can test challenges and difficulties, leading those involved in the micro-actions to become more assertive and proactive in transferring equality, diversity, and inclusion methods and strategies to institutional GEPs and academia at large.
Partners' attitudes toward building the P-GAP were positive: they showed interest in the idea, contributed actively to plan several micro-actions and saw the potential to influence existing or new institutional GEPs indirectly.