bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transition of care model from hospital to community for Hispanic/Latino adult patients with diabetes: design and rationale for a pilot study
Authors: Corsino Leonor , Padilla Blanca Iris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The Hispanic/Latino population is disproportionately affected and has a higher risk of developing diabetes than their non-Hispanic White counterparts and worse diabetes-related outcomes. Diabetes continues to be an economic burden. This economic burden is partially due to the significantly higher rates of hospital readmission for individuals with diabetes. People with diabetes, particularly those who are members of racial/ethnic minority groups, are at higher risk for readmission and emergency department (ED) visits. Despite recommendations regarding transition of care, an optimal approach to the transition of care for ethnic/minority patients remains unclear.

Methods
The study population includes self-identified Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes. We have two aims: (1) designed and developed a transition of care model and (2) pilot test the newly developed transition of care model. For aim 1, semi-structures interviews conducted with patients and providers. For aim 2, patients admitted to the hospital enrolled to receive the newly designed transition of care model. For aim 1, patients and providers completed a short questionnaire. For aim 2, patients completed a set of questionnaires including demographic information, medical history, sociocultural, and social support. The primary outcome for aim 2 is emergency department visit within 30 days post-discharge. The secondary outcome is 30- days unplanned readmissions. Feasibility outcomes include the number of participants identified, number of patients enrolled, number of participants who completed all the questionnaires, number of participants with a 30-day follow-up call, and number of participants who completed the 30-day post-discharge questionnaire. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study design was adapted to include the Plan-Do-Study-Act framework to adjust to the ongoing changes in transition of care due to the pandemic burden on the health care systems.

Conclusion
Transition of care for Hispanic/Latino patients with diabetes remains a major area of interest that requires further research. The pandemic required that we adapted the study to reflect the realities of health care systems during a time of crisis. The methods share in this manuscript can potentially help other investigators as they designed their studies.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04864639. 4/29/2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04864639.
Diallyl trisulfide modulated autophagy in isoproterenol induced acute myocardial infarction
Authors: El-Ashmawy Nahla E. , Khedr Naglaa F. , Shaban Mohamed N. , Al-Ashmawy Ghada M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious manifestation of coronary artery disease. The initial ischemia in AMI causes biochemical and metabolic alterations in cardiomyocytes.

Objectives
The present study aimed to investigate the biomolecular mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) as well as captopril (CAP) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced AMI focusing on autophagy & PI3K/Akt signaling.

Methods
Seventy male Albino rats were divided into seven groups as follows: Normal control, ISO, ISO + LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), DATS+ISO, CAP+ISO, DATS+LY294002 + ISO, and CAP+LY294002 + ISO. All treatments (40 mg/kg DATS, 50 mg/kg CAP & 0.3 mg/kg LY294002) were given daily for two weeks before ISO injection (85 mg/kg for 2 days). At the end of the experiment, serum and cardiac tissues were collected. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) were measured. Cardiac glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), malondialdehyde (MDA), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), autophagy proteins (P62 & LC3IIB) and gene expression of PI3K, Akt, FOXO-1, and eNOS were assessed. Histopathological examination of heart tissue was performed.

Results
DATS and CAP significantly (p < 0.01) decreased serum CK-MB and cTnI, cardiac levels of MDA, HIF-1α, p62 and LC3IIB along with an increase in GSH-px activity compared with ISO group. Moreover, DATS and CAP significantly up-regulated PI3K, Akt, and eNOS gene expression but down-regulated FOXO-1 expression compared to ISO group. However, LY294002 reversed DATS and CAP cardioprotective effects.

Conclusion
DATS and CAP prior treatment proved cardioprotective effects via modulation of autophagy, PI3K/Akt signaling, eNOS and FOXO-1 downregulation in ISO induced AMI rat model.
Risk factors for childhood pneumonia at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia: a case-control study
Authors: Abebaw Tsega-Ab , Aregay William Kiros , Ashami Mulu Tugi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection of the lungs. A child dies of pneumonia every 39 s globally. Even though pneumonia affects children worldwide, the risk and repercussions of the disease are more prevalent in poor and middle-income nations. Despite the initiatives by the Ethiopian government, there are still numerous instances and deaths caused by childhood pneumonia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors for pneumonia among 2–59 months-old children visiting Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 124 cases and 124 controls from January 1, 2021, to March 15, 2021. Cases were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. For each case, the next patient from the same pediatric outpatient room who met the inclusion criteria was taken as a control. Data were collected using a pretested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic, environmental, and nutritional factors, comorbid illnesses, and related care practices. A multiple logistic regression model was fitted.

Results
Family size of ≥ 5 compared to < 5 (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.08, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.71), household monthly income of < 2500 compared to > 5000 birr (AOR: 3.94, 95% CI: 1.06, 14.6), use of charcoal as the main fuel for cooking (AOR: 7.03, 95% CI: 2.38, 20.78), and wood or dung as the main fuel for cooking compared to electricity (AOR: 6.58, 95% CI: 2.07, 20.9), malnutrition compared to no malnutrition (AOR: 4.77, 95% CI: 1.89, 12.06), diarrhea compared to no diarrhea in the past 2 weeks (AOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.52, 7.14) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) compared to no infection in the past 2 weeks (AOR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.31, 8.23) were found to be risk factors for pneumonia.

Conclusion
In this study, risk factors for pneumonia were family size, monthly income, type of energy used for cooking, malnutrition, and diarrhea or URTI in the past 2 weeks. Relatively simple interventions such as cooking with electricity, and other interventions like prevention, early detection and treatment of malnutrition, diarrhea, and URTI, and promotion of family planning are important.
Exploration of the threshold SUV for diagnosis of malignancy using 18F-FBPA PET/CT
Authors: Isohashi Kayako , Kanai Yasukazu , Aihara Teruhito , Hu Naonori , Fukushima Kentaro , Baba Ichiro , Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Kakino Ryo , Komori Tsuyoshi , Nihei Keiji , Hatazawa Jun , Ono Koji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The goal of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of 18F-FBPA PET/CT for malignant tumors. Findings from 18F-FBPA and 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared with pathological diagnoses in patients with malignant tumors or benign lesions.

Methods
A total of 82 patients (45 males, 37 females; median age, 63 years; age range, 20–89 years) with various types of malignant tumors or benign lesions, such as inflammation and granulomas, were examined by 18F-FDG and 18F-FBPA PET/CT. Tumor uptake of FDG or FBPA was quantified using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The final diagnosis was confirmed by cytopathology or histopathological findings of the specimen after biopsy or surgery. A ROC curve was constructed from the SUVmax values of each PET image, and the area under the curve (AUC) and cutoff values were calculated.

Results
The SUVmax for 18F-FDG PET/CT did not differ significantly for malignant tumors and benign lesions (10.9 ± 6.3 vs. 9.1 ± 2.7 P = 0.62), whereas SUVmax for 18F-FBPA PET/CT was significantly higher for malignant tumors (5.1 ± 3.0 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). The best SUVmax cutoffs for distinguishing malignant tumors from benign lesions were 11.16 for 18F-FDG PET/CT (sensitivity 0.909, specificity 0.390) and 3.24 for 18F-FBPA PET/CT (sensitivity 0.818, specificity 0.753). ROC analysis showed significantly different AUC values for 18F-FDG and 18F-FBPA PET/CT (0.547 vs. 0.834, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
18F-FBPA PET/CT showed superior diagnostic ability over 18F-FDG PET/CT in differential diagnosis of malignant tumors and benign lesions. The results of this study suggest that 18F-FBPA PET/CT diagnosis may reduce false-positive 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnoses.
Heterogeneity in the exchange rate pass-through to consumer prices: the Swiss franc appreciation of 2015
Authors: Oktay Alex 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper analyzes the exchange rate pass-through to consumer prices for 85 categories of goods and services in Switzerland. The pass-through estimates are computed using a synthetic difference-in-differences approach that exploits the large Swiss franc appreciation that followed the unexpected removal of the Swiss franc-Euro floor in January 2015. The overall 1-year all-items pass-through is 0.12, which shows that the pass-through is highly incomplete. There is an important heterogeneity across product categories, where pass-through can be as high as 0.80. These variations are linked to the international trade characteristics of the products, as the prices of goods with a high degree of international tradability, with a high import share, or that depend on tourism are shown to be more sensitive to the exchange rate.
Immunomodulatory effects of atorvastatin on MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Sun Jing , Xu Weidong , Wu Zhiying , Cao Caijin , Tan Yane , Zhu Meifang , Wu Hongze , Yu Jianping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Statins have long been extensively prescribed as effective lipid-lowering agents, but statins have also been recognized as novel immunomodulators in recent years. This study was designed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of atorvastatin on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice.

Methods
A total of 30 8-week-old female MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into three groups and orally administered vehicle, atorvastatin orhydroxychloroquine sulfate for 11 weeks. In vivo, the effects of atorvastatin on the survival rate, renal function and spleen index in MRL/lpr mice were examined. Ex vivo, splenic B-cell proliferation was assessed by a Cell Counting Kit-8.

Results
Oral atorvastatin failed to prolong survival time, or reduce the levels of proteinuria, or serum anti-dsDNA antibody and complement proteins (C3, C4). Histologically, no significant improvement by atorvastatin was observed in the pathological manifestations of renal damage, while hydroxychloroquine sulfate significantly improved glomerular injury. Ex vivo, atorvastatin suppressed the proliferation of splenic B lymphocytes.

Conclusion
Oral atorvastatin monotherapy had no therapeutic effects on MRL/lpr mice, whereas atorvastatin inhibited splenic B-cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting that atorvastatin has a potential therapeutic effect on systemic lupus erythematosus.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community toward dengue fever in Shabwah Governorate, Yemen: a descriptive study
Authors: Saghir Mohammed Ali , Ahmed Waled A. M. , Dhaiban Mustafa Mohammed Abdullah , Osman Murwan Eissa , Abduljabbar Naif Izzatullah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In Yemen, dengue fever (DF) is a widespread, locally endemic infectious disease, with high morbidity and mortality which mainly affects impoverished regions. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the Shabwah community in Yemen regarding DF characteristics and prevention.

Methods
The present study is a cross-sectional community-based study conducted in Shabwah Governorate, Yemen, between June 2021 and November 2021. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample (n = 370), and a validated closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data.

Results
In total, 370 individuals participated in this study; most respondents were female (N = 247, 66.8%), and more than half (N = 214, 57.8%) were younger than age 30. More than 50% of the population had completed a primary or secondary school, while approximately 33.03% of them were illiterate. Furthermore, more than half (53.5%) of the population had good knowledge of DF, while most of those educated at a university level (64.1%) had good attitude toward DF. Most of the population (68.4%) had good practice toward DF. Moreover, participants with a university level education, followed by those who completed secondary school, had significantly higher knowledge and practice scores than primary school and illiteracy (P = 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of the study indicate that the residents of Yemen’s Shabwah Governorate are well-informed about the symptoms and signs of DF, have a positive attitude toward the disease, and employ appropriate preventive measures. Health education via various media should be mandated to increase community awareness and dispel misconceptions about DF.
Hollow and oval-configured ultrafine Co3O4 as a highly-efficient activator of monopersulfate for catalytic elimination of Azorubin S
Authors: Khiem Ta Cong , Tuan Duong Dinh , Kwon Eilhann , Thanh Bui Xuan , Tsang Yiu Fai , Munagapati Venkata Subbaiah , Wen Jet-Chau , Hu Chechia , Lin Kun-Yi Andrew 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAzorubin S (ARS) represents one of the most common and frequently-utilized toxic azo dyes produced from industrial activities. While various conventional treatment techniques could not effectively eliminate ARS from water, heterogeneous metal-based catalyst coupled with monopersulfate (MPS) is a highly-efficient process for eliminating ARS, in which tricobalt tetroxide (Co3O4) has been attracted increasing attention as a preeminent MPS activator due to its outstanding physicochemical properties. However, the nanoscale Co3O4 particles usually pose a limitation of serious agglomeration in the aqueous environment, thus lowering their efficiency. Thus, developing an easy-synthesized and exceptionally efficient Co3O4-based catalyst is crucially paramount. Therefore, in this work, a special hollow-structured oval-like cobalt oxide (abbreviated as HOCO) was successfully constructed using Co-metal organic framework as a precursor, which was then utilized for catalyzing activation of MPS to degrade ARS. This as-obtained HOCO exhibited distinct physicochemical characteristics from commercially-available Co3O4, which subsequently resulted in superior activities for MPS activation in ARS degradation. Specifically, 100% of ARS could be degraded in 30 min with a corresponding reaction kinetic of 0.22 min− 1 by HOCO + MPS system. SO4•– radicals were validated to be primary reactive species for ARS degradation while the degradation pathway of ARS was also elucidated. This study further provides insightful information about the development of novel hollow-structured Co3O4-based catalyst for catalyzing activation of MPS to remove toxic dyes from water.
MLPA analysis for molecular diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy and correlation of 5q13.2 genes with disease phenotype in Egyptian patients
Authors: Hassan Heba A. , Fahmy Nagia A. , El-Bagoury Nagham M. , Eissa Noura R. , Sharaf-Eldin Wessam E. , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Zaki Maha S. , Essawi Mona L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease representing the most prevalent monogenic cause of infant mortality. It results from the loss of SMN1 gene, but retention of its paralog SMN2 whose copy number can modulate the disease severity and guide the therapeutic regimen.

Methods
For SMA molecular analysis, 236 unrelated Egyptian patients were enrolled at our institution. The Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis (MLPA) was applied to investigate the main genetic defect in the enrolled patients (SMN1 loss) and to determine a possible genotype–phenotype correlation between the copy number of other genes in the SMN locus (5q13.2) and disease severity in Egyptian patients with SMA. A small cohort of healthy subjects (n = 57) was also included to investigate the possible differences in the distributions of SMN2 and NAIP genes between patients and healthy individuals.

Results
Disease diagnosis was confirmed in only 148 patients (62.7%) highlighting the clinical overlapping of the disease and emphasizing the importance of molecular diagnosis. In patients with homozygous SMN1 loss, the disease was mediated by gene deletion and conversion in 135 (91.2%) and 13 (8.8%) patients, respectively. In the study cohort, SMN2 and NAIP copy numbers were inversely correlated with disease severity. However, no significant association was detected between GTF2H2A and SERF1B copy numbers and patient phenotype. Significant differences were demonstrated in the copy numbers of SMN2 and NAIP between SMA patients and healthy subjects.

Conclusion
Molecular analysis of SMA is essential for disease diagnosis. Consistent with previous studies on other populations, there is a close relationship between SMN2 and NAIP copy numbers and clinical phenotype. Additionally, potential differences in these two genes distributions are existing between patients and healthy subjects. National program for carrier screening should be established as a preventive disease strategy. On the other hand, neonatal testing would provide accurate estimation for disease incidence.
Predicting factors for breast cancer screening in Middle Eastern women based on health belief model: a systematic review
Authors: Bahri Narjes , Mardani Fariba , Sharifi Neda , Dashti Sareh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer screening can reduce mortality and improve the quality of life in affected women. The present study aimed to determine the predictive factors of breast cancer screening in Iranian women based on the health belief model (HBM).

Methods
This review was conducted by searching electronic databases of Google Scholar; electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and Google scholar Magiran; and SID with the English keywords of “breast cancer,” “mammography,” “health belief model,” and “breast self-exam” and the equivalent Persian keywords. The results were evaluated based on the health belief model (HBM) constructs. Articles were evaluated for quality and the findings were extracted and reviewed.

Results
A total of 8 relevant articles were selected for review. Women’s awareness of breast cancer screening methods was moderate in two studies and poor in two other studies. Among the constructs of HBM, knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and action plan were poor in the majority of the studies, while perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy were mainly good.

Conclusion
Considering the observed weakness of many HBM constructs, it is recommended that special attention be given to all HBM constructs in implementing HBM-based education programs.
Mammographic and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography imaging findings of HER2-positive cancers according to hormone receptor status
Authors: Elkassas Hebatalla , Helal Maha Hussein , Mikhael Hisham S. Wahba , Khaled Rana , Farahat Ahmed , El-Maadawy Samar M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is seen in 20 out of 100 invasive breast cancers. Among HER2+ patients, two distinct hormone receptor (HR) subtypes can be defined: HR-positive (HR+) and HR-negative (HR−) each of which with unique therapeutic response and survival pattern. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is an emerging novel imaging modality that offers diagnostic performance comparable to contrast-enhanced MRI. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the CESM features of HER2+ breast cancers according to hormone receptor status and to assess whether specific mammographic and CESM imaging features can differentiate between HER2+/HR+ and HER2+/HR− breast cancers potentially aiding treatment planning in HER2+ breast cancer patients.

Results
A total of 61 patients were included. Twenty-nine cases (47.5%) were HER2+/HR+ and 32 cases (52.5%) were HER2+/HR−. No statistically significant difference was found between mammographic imaging presentations and hormonal status. HR- were more likely to be multifocal (P 0.018), rounded or oval (P 0.008), circumscribed (P 0.004), and with associated non-mass enhancement (NME) (P < 0.001). HR+ cancers showed a tendency for irregular shape (P 0.008), spiculated outline (P 0.004), and heterogeneous (P 0.021) or ring (P 0.046) enhancement.

Conclusions
HER2+ tumors have different demographic, pathologic and imaging features according to the hormone receptor status. Because the two subtypes of HER2 breast cancer have different clinical outcomes, CESM imaging features can potentially enhance patient outcome by accelerating the diagnosis and treatment.
Aerodynamic interference between two boxes in parallel arrangement and flow field characteristics around the girder
Authors: Fan Shuwen , Chen Wei , Tang Haojun , Li Yongle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAerodynamic characteristics of long-span bridges with box girders have been investigated widely, and this paper presents a study on a cable-stayed bridge with two box girders in parallel arrangement. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations were adopted to analyze the aerodynamic interference between the upper and the lower box girders. After checking the reliability of the numerical model, different angles of attack and different distances between the two girders were considered, and the variations of the aerodynamic characteristics were discussed, including the aerodynamic coefficients and the static pressure distributions. Then, the wind environment around the two box girders was focused, and the effect on the aerodynamic coefficients of a vehicle was also studied. The results show that the aerodynamic interference between the two box girders is strong, so the aerodynamic characteristics of the two boxes are different from those of a single box. The flow field between the boxes have higher wind velocities, which makes the aerodynamic force on the upper box and the lower box become upward and downward, respectively. Meanwhile, the aerodynamic forces on vehicles above the lower deck surface are larger due to the accelerated flow between the two boxes.