bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular subtype conversion in CTCs as indicator of treatment adequacy associated with metastasis-free survival in breast cancer
Authors: Grigoryeva E. S. , A.Tashireva L. , Alifanov V. V. , Savelieva O. E. , Vtorushin S. V. , Zavyalova M. V. , Bragina O. D. , Garbukov E. Y. , Cherdyntseva N. V. , Choinzonov E. L. , Perelmuter V. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMolecular subtype of breast cancer has a great clinical significance and used as one of the major criteria for therapeutic strategy. Recently, for anticancer therapy, the trend for oncologists is the predominant determination of biomarkers in the existing foci of the disease. In the case of adjuvant therapy prescribed for distant metastases prevention, CTCs could be a suitable object for investigation. CTCs as one of the factors responsible for tumor metastatic potential could be more convenient and informative for evaluation of hormone receptors, Ki-67 and HER2 expression, which are determine molecular subtype in breast cancer patient. In our study, we aimed to investigate the molecular subtype discordance between the primary tumor and CTCs in breast cancer patients. We established conversion of molecular subtype in most of the cases. Namely, conversion was detected in 90% of untreated patients and in 82% of breast cancer patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At the same time, molecular subtype conversions in patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more diverse. Molecular subtype conversions resulted more often in the unfavorable variants in circulating tumor cells. We stratified all patients according to the adequacy of treatment against converted CTCs molecular subtype. Our study revealed that good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy observed in case of adequate therapy, namely, when chemotherapy scheme was sufficient against CTCs. It turned out that patients with inadequate therapy were characterized by decreased simulated 5-year metastasis-free survival compared to patients who received appropriate therapy. Thus, detection of molecular subtype conversion in circulating tumor cells could be a perspective tool for optimization of antitumor therapy.
Association between B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term mortality in patients with acute severe hypertension visiting the emergency department
Authors: Kim Byung Sik , Lee Yonggu , Lim Young-Hyo , Shin Jinho , Shin Jeong-Hun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractB-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a well-established prognostic factor for cardiovascular disorders. However, the association between BNP levels and mortality in patients with acute severe hypertension remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between BNP levels and long-term mortality in patients with acute severe hypertension visiting the emergency department (ED). This retrospective study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted to the ED between 2016 and 2019 with acute severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg). Patients were categorized into tertiles according to BNP levels upon admission to the ED. Of the 3099 patients with acute severe hypertension, 6.4% in the first (lowest) tertile, 24.8% in the second tertile, and 44.4% in the third (highest) tertile of BNP died within 3-years. After adjusting for clinically relevant variables, patients in the second tertile of BNP (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96–3.55), and patients in the third tertile of BNP (adjusted HR 4.18; 95% CI, 3.09–5.64) had a significantly higher risk of 3-year all-cause mortality than those in the first tertile of BNP. Therefore, BNP may be valuable for the initial assessment to identify high-risk patients among those with acute severe hypertension.
KLF4-PFKFB3-driven glycolysis is essential for phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zhang Xinhua , Zheng Bin , Zhao Lingdan , Shen Jiayi , Yang Zhan , Zhang Yu , Fan Ruirui , Zhang Manli , Ma Dong , Zheng Lemin , Zhao Mingming , Liu Huirong , Wen Jinkun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within atherosclerotic lesions undergo a phenotypic switching in a KLF4-dependent manner. Glycolysis plays important roles in transdifferentiation of somatic cells, however, it is unclear whether and how KLF4 mediates the link between glycolytic switch and VSMCs phenotypic transitions. Here, we show that KLF4 upregulation accompanies VSMCs phenotypic switching in atherosclerotic lesions. KLF4 enhances the metabolic switch to glycolysis through increasing PFKFB3 expression. Inhibiting glycolysis suppresses KLF4-induced VSMCs phenotypic switching, demonstrating that glycolytic shift is required for VSMCs phenotypic switching. Mechanistically, KLF4 upregulates expression of circCTDP1 and eEF1A2, both of which cooperatively promote PFKFB3 expression. TMAO induces glycolytic shift and VSMCs phenotypic switching by upregulating KLF4. Our study indicates that KLF4 mediates the link between glycolytic switch and VSMCs phenotypic transitions, suggesting that a previously unrecognized KLF4-eEF1A2/circCTDP1-PFKFB3 axis plays crucial roles in VSMCs phenotypic switching.
Modelling the evolution of novelty: a review
Authors: Colizzi Enrico Sandro , Hogeweg Paulien , Vroomans Renske M.A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evolution has been an inventive process since its inception, about 4 billion years ago. It has generated an astounding diversity of novel mechanisms and structures for adaptation to the environment, for competition and cooperation, and for organisation of the internal and external dynamics of the organism. How does this novelty come about? Evolution builds with the tools available, and on top of what it has already built – therefore, much novelty consists in repurposing old functions in a different context. In the process, the tools themselves evolve, allowing yet more novelty to arise.
Despite evolutionary novelty being the most striking observable of evolution, it is not accounted for in classical evolutionary theory. Nevertheless, mathematical and computational models that illustrate mechanisms of evolutionary innovation have been developed. In the present review, we present and compare several examples of computational evo–devo models that capture two aspects of novelty: ‘between-level novelty’ and ‘constructive novelty.’ Novelty can evolve between predefined levels of organisation to dynamically transcode biological information across these levels – as occurs during development. Constructive novelty instead generates a level of biological organisation by exploiting the lower level as an informational scaffold to open a new space of possibilities – an example being the evolution of multicellularity. We propose that the field of computational evo–devo is well-poised to reveal many more exciting mechanisms for the evolution of novelty. A broader theory of evolutionary novelty may well be attainable in the near future.
Building trust via blockchain in UAV‐assisted ultra‐dense 6G cellular networks
Authors: Wang Taotao , Shi Long , Wang Jessie Hui , Wang Zhe , Deng Xiumei , Li Jun , Zhang Shengli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ultra‐dense deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as mobile small cell base stations (SBS) is expected to support ultra‐high‐speed, ultra‐reliable, and ultra‐low‐latency wireless connections in sixth generation (6G) wireless cellular networks. Inevitably, the explosively increasing number of SBSs each with ever‐shrinking cell size will result in the spectrum scarcity and pose critical challenges to the spectrum management. Towards the centralized spectrum management system, a third‐party authority is employed to coordinate the spectrum sensing, sharing, and allocation among participants. However, a centralized authority is vulnerable to numerous security threats, such as single point of failure, denial of service attacks, and privacy disclosure, and cannot guarantee fair and efficient spectrum management without mutual trusts among participants. To address these problems, a novel framework of blockchain‐aided spectrum management is designed to securely record the spectrum auction data and spectrum allocation data in the decentralized spectrum sharing. Moreover, a trust management scheme is proposed to evaluate the trusts of all UAVs participating in the decentralized spectrum sharing, where the trust increase depends on legal use of spectrum allocation and honest report of spectrum sensing. In particular, it is shown that the proposed trust management can not only incentivize the UAVs to comply with the legal rule of spectrum sharing in blockchain, but also punish the malicious behaviour that either violates the spectrum sharing rule or provides misleading spectrum sensing results.
Stopband enhanced patch‐type filter using common‐mode feeding method based on multilayer liquid crystal polymer lamination technology
Authors: Huang Feng , Aliqab Khaled , Alsharari Meshari , Lu Jiayuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new common‐mode feeding approach to the 2‐D square patch resonator is proposed and applied in the design of bandpass filter (BPF) with wideband harmonic suppression. Different from the conventional single‐point feeding structure, the proposed one has two physical feeding points on the patch. It is indicated from the electric field distributions that the presented feeding method can not only support the excitation of the desired fundamental TM01 mode, but also enable the rejection of high‐order modes by selecting proper feeding positions. For demonstration, a second‐order BPF centred at 4.0 GHz with wide stopband suppression has been implemented by using multilayer liquid crystal polymer circuit technology. Moreover, benefitting from mixed‐coupling, a transmission zero is introduced to improve the filtering selectivity. Measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other, validating the proposed feeding concept.
A dichotomy in group II Herbig disks
Authors: Stapper L. M. , Hogerheijde M. R. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Paneque-Carreño T. 
Published: December 2022

Context. Herbig stars can be classified as group I or group II depending on the shape of the far-infrared excess from the spectral energy distribution. This distinction may be evolutionary and related to the vertical structure of the Herbig disks.
Aims. Our aim is to determine the emission height of Herbig disks and compare the resulting vertical extent of both groups.
Methods. We used Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 observations of 12CO J = 2−1 emission lines at sufficient velocity (~0.3 km s−1) and spatial resolution (~30 au) of eight Herbig disks (four group I and four group II sources) to determine the emission heights from channel maps generated via geometrical methods previously developed in other works.
Results. We find that all group I disks are vertically extended with a height to radius ratio of at least 0.25 and that for three of the disks, the gas emission profile can be traced out to 200–500 au. The group II disks are divided between MWC 480 and HD 163296, which have emission height profiles similar to the group I disks, and AK Sco and HD 142666, which are very flat (not exceeding a height of 10 au over the full extent traced) and more compact (<200 au in size). The brightness temperatures show no differences between the disks when the luminosity of the host star is accounted for.
Conclusions. Our findings agree with previous work that suggests group I disks are vertically extended and that group II disks are either large and self-shadowed or compact. Both MWC 480 and HD 163296 could be precursors of group I disks that have not yet formed a cavity that would allow for irradiation of the outer parts of the disk. The very flat disks, AK Sco and HD 142666, could have been caused by significant settling due to the advanced age of the disks (~20 instead of <10 Myr). The large differences in vertical structure are not reflected in the spectral energy distributions of these disks. More and deeper observations at higher spatial and velocity resolution are necessary to further characterize the Herbig subgroups.
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey
Authors: Dokara R. , Gong Y. , Reich W. , Rugel M. R. , Brunthaler A. , Menten K. M. , Cotton W. D. , Dzib S. A. , Khan S. , Medina S.-N. X. , Nguyen H. , Ortiz-León G. N. , Urquhart J. S. , Wyrowski F. , Yang A. Y. , Anderson L. D. , Beuther H. , Csengeri T. , Müller P. , Ott J. , Pandian J. D. , Roy N. 
Published: December 2022

Context. While over 1000 supernova remnants (SNRs) are estimated to exist in the Milky Way, only less than 400 have been found to date. In the context of this apparent deficiency, more than 150 SNR candidates were recently identified in the D-configuration Very Large Array (VLA-D) continuum images of the 4–8 GHz global view on star formation (GLOSTAR) survey, in the Galactic longitude range −2° < l < 60°.
Aims. We attempt to find evidence of nonthermal synchrotron emission from 35 SNR candidates in the region of Galactic longitude range 28° < l < 36°, and also to study the radio continuum emission from the previously confirmed SNRs in this region.
Methods. Using the short-spacing corrected GLOSTAR VLA-D+Effelsberg images, we measure the ~6 GHz total and linearly polarized flux densities of the SNR candidates and the SNRs that were previously confirmed. We also attempt to determine the spectral indices by measuring flux densities from complementary Galactic plane surveys and from the temperature-temperature plots of the GLOSTAR-Effelsberg images.
Results. We provide evidence of nonthermal emission from four candidates that have spectral indices and polarization consistent with a SNR origin, and, considering their morphology, we are confident that three of these (g28.36+0.21, G28.78-0.44, and G29.38+0.10) are indeed SNRs. However, about 25% of the candidates (8 out of 35) have spectral index measurements that indicate thermal emission, and the rest of them are too faint to have a good constraint on the spectral index yet.
Conclusions. Additional observations at longer wavelengths and higher sensitivities will shed more light on the nature of these candidates. A simple Monte Carlo simulation reiterates the view that future studies must persist with the current strategy of searching for SNRs with small angular size to solve the problem of the Milky Way’s missing SNRs.
Antithrombotisches Management nach akutem oder chronischem Koronarsyndrom
Authors: Moser Martin , Westermann Dirk 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungNach akutem oder chronischem Koronarsyndrom mit Koronarintervention ist eine antithrombotische Therapie mit dualer Plättchenhemmung erforderlich. Die Intensität und Dauer der Therapie
unterscheiden sich je nach Indikation. Für besondere Situationen mit erhöhtem ischämischem Risiko oder erhöhtem Blutungsrisiko liegen Studiendaten vor, auf deren Basis fundierte
Entscheidungen zur Intensivierung oder auch zur Deeskalation der Standardtherapie getroffen werden können, um das Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis zu optimieren.
Nutzen und zukünftige Relevanz der Corona-bedingt befristeten
Änderungen in der Substitution in Deutschland
Authors: Müllerschön Babette , Stöver Heino 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die COVID-19-Pandmie hat die Substitutionsbehandlung vor
große Herausforderungen gestellt. An der oft als restriktiv angesehenen
Rechtsgrundlage (BtM-VV) wurden befristete Änderungen vorgenommen, um
Behandler:innen mehr Spielraum bei der Gestaltung der Therapien zu
gewährleisten. Weitreichende Flexibilisierungen wurden in den Bereichen
Take-Home-Verschreibungen, konsiliarische Behandlung und Delegation vorgenommen.
Zusätzlich wurden neue Vergütungsmöglichkeiten im
Einheitlichen Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM) geschaffen. Durch
leitfadengestützte Interviews mit substituierenden Ärzt:innen
wurde eine Evaluation der befristeten BtM-VV- und EBM- Änderungen
vorgenommen.
Methodik Im Jahr 2021 wurden 16 qualitative Interviews mit
substituierenden Ärzt:innen aus zehn verschiedenen Bundesländern
in Deutschland geführt. Die Interviewten wurden zu ihren Erfahrungen mit
den Corona-bedingt befristeten BtM-VV- und EBM-Änderungen befragt. Im
Fokus stand dabei, ob die temporären Flexibilitäten dauerhaft in
die post-pandemische Praxis übernommen werden sollten. Der
Interviewleitfaden enthielt zusätzlich Fragen zu strukturellen
Barrieren, Nachwuchsmangel und Stigmatisierung.
Ergebnisse Zur Kontaktreduzierung verlängerte die Mehrheit der
Ärzt:innen Take-Home-Rezepte. In Folge machte nur eine befragte Person
ausschließlich negative Erfahrungen. Insgesamt berichteten die
Ärzt:innen über keine und/oder positive
Veränderungen im Therapieverlauf. Behandler:innen nutzten die meisten
der befristeten Rechts- und Vergütungsänderungen in der
Behandlungsgestaltung. Sie sprachen sich überwiegend für eine
Übernahme der befristeten Regelungen in den post-pandemisch Regelbetrieb
aus. Kontrovers wurden die Änderungen bezüglich der Aufhebung
der Kapazitätsgrenze bei der Konsiliarregelung und der erweiterten
Delegation diskutiert.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Übernahme
der befristeten BtM-VV- und EBM-Änderungen in den post-pandemischen
Regelbetrieb. Die Flexibilisierungen erleichtern die Anpassung der Therapie an
individuelle Umstände der Behandler:innen und Patient:innen. Dies
könnte dazu beitragen, die derzeitigen Versorgungsengpässe zu
entschärfen und mehr Menschen mit Opioid-Abhängigkeit eine
qualitativ hochwertige Substitutionstherapie anbieten zu können. Eine
Untersuchung und Beseitigung struktureller Barrieren darf bei der Ein- bzw.
Fortführung erweiterter Handlungsspielräume nicht vergessen
werden. Da gesetzliche Flexibilisierungen zwangsläufig mehr
Verantwortung auf die einzelnen Ärzt:innen übertragen, sollte
eine verstärkte Unterstützung durch Schulungen und Vernetzung
angeboten werden.
Readability, Content, and Quality of Online Patient Education Materials on Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Freed Karen , Taylor Michael G. , Toledo Paloma , Kruse Jessica H. , Palanisamy Arvind , Lange Elizabeth M.S. 
Published: December 2022

Objective Internet-based patient education materials (PEMs) are often above the recommended sixth grade reading level recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In 2016 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a warning statement against use of general anesthetic drugs in children and pregnant women due to concerns about neurotoxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate readability, content, and quality of Internet-based PEMs on anesthesia in the pediatric population and neurotoxicity.
Study Design The websites of U.S. medical centers with pediatric anesthesiology fellowship programs were searched for PEMs pertaining to pediatric anesthesia and neurotoxicity. Readability was assessed. PEM content was evaluated using matrices specific to pediatric anesthesia and neurotoxicity. PEM quality was assessed with the Patient Education Material Assessment Tool for Print. A one-sample t-test was used to compare the readability of the PEMs to the recommended sixth grade reading level.
Results We identified 27 PEMs pertaining to pediatric anesthesia and eight to neurotoxicity. Mean readability of all PEMs was greater than a sixth grade reading (p <0.001). While only 13% of PEMs on anesthesia for pediatric patient mentioned the FDA warning, 100% of the neurotoxicity materials did. PEMs had good understandability (83%) and poor actionability (60%).
Conclusion The readability, content, and quality of PEMs are poor and should be improved to help parents and guardians make informed decisions about their children's health care.
Key Points
Effects of full inversion tillage during pasture renewal on soil and plant cadmium concentrations: a case study in New Zealand
Authors: Peng Yajun , Hanly James A. , Jeyakumar Paramsothy , Calvelo-Pereira Roberto 
Published: December 2022

Context Cadmium (Cd) accumulation is a concern in permanent pasture soils, as it can lead to increased Cd uptake by plants. Aims This study aimed to quantify the effect of full inversion tillage (FIT or ploughing deeper than 30 cm), used during pasture renewal, on the redistribution of Cd within the soil profile and on plant Cd concentration. Methods Two field trials (Trial 1, Alfisol; Trial 2, Andisol) were established in New Zealand using contrasting tillage practices (FIT; SIT, shallow tillage; and NT, no tillage) to sow turnips as summer forage crops, followed by autumn re-sowing of perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture. Key results In the Alfisol, no measurable differences (P > 0.05) in soil and plant Cd were detected among the tillage treatments. In the Andisol, FIT decreased (P < 0.05) total (0.25 mg/kg) and extractable soil Cd (0.013 mg/kg) in the 0–5 cm depth, compared to pre-tillage (0.42 and 0.031 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, at this soil depth, FIT achieved a 52% lower (P = 0.034) extractable soil Cd concentration than the ST treatment. In addition, the subsequent new pasture had lower (P = 0.007) average Cd concentration following FIT compared to ST (0.03 vs 0.05 mg/kg). Conclusions We demonstrated that the use of FIT during pasture renewal is a potential solution to reduce topsoil Cd concentration. Implications The FIT is more effective in soil where total soil Cd concentration or its degree of vertical stratification with depth is relatively high.
CREBB repression of protein synthesis in mushroom body gates long-term memory formation in
Drosophila
Authors: Lin Hsuan-Wen , Chen Chun-Chao , Jhang Ruei-Yu , Chen Linyi , de Belle J. Steven , Tully Tim , Chiang Ann-Shyn 
Published: December 2022

Learned experiences are not necessarily consolidated into long-term memory (LTM) unless they are periodic and meaningful. LTM depends on de novo protein synthesis mediated by cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activity. In
Drosophila
, two
creb
genes (
crebA
,
crebB
) and multiple CREB isoforms have reported influences on aversive olfactory LTM in response to multiple cycles of spaced conditioning. How CREB isoforms regulate LTM effector genes in various neural elements of the memory circuit is unclear, especially in the mushroom body (MB), a prominent associative center in the fly brain that has been shown to participate in LTM formation. Here, we report that i) spaced training induces
crebB
expression in MB α-lobe neurons and ii) elevating specific CREBB isoform levels in the early α/β subpopulation of MB neurons enhances LTM formation. By contrast, learning from weak training iii) induces 5-HT1A serotonin receptor synthesis, iv) activates 5-HT1A in early α/β neurons, and v) inhibits LTM formation. vi) LTM is enhanced when this inhibitory effect is relieved by down-regulating 5-HT1A or overexpressing CREBB. Our findings show that spaced training-induced CREBB antagonizes learning-induced 5-HT1A in early α/β MB neurons to modulate LTM consolidation.