bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving breast cancer outcomes for Aboriginal women: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Christie Vita , Rice MacKenzie , Dracakis Jocelyn , Green Deb , Amin Janaki , Littlejohn Karen , Pyke Christopher , McCowen Debbie , Gwynne Kylie 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer affecting Australian women, and the second highest cause of cancer death in Australian women. While the incidence of breast cancer is lower in Aboriginal women than non-Aboriginal women, the mortality rate for Aboriginal women is higher, with Aboriginal women 1.2 times more likely to die from the disease. In New South Wales, Aboriginal women are 69% more likely to die from their breast cancer than non-Aboriginal women.Co-design is a research method recognised to enhance collaboration between those doing the research and those impacted by the research; which when used with Aboriginal communities, ensures research and services are relevant, culturally competent and empowers communities as co-researchers. We report the development of a new protocol using co-design methods to improve breast cancer outcomes for Aboriginal women.Methods and analysisThrough a Community Mapping Project in 2018, we co-designed an iterative quantitative and qualitative study consisting of five phases. In Phase 1, we will establish a governance framework. In Phase 2, we will provide information to community members regarding the modified parts of the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up processes and invite them to partake. In Phase 3, the research team will collect data on the outcomes of the modified processes and the outcomes for the women who have and have not participated. The data shall be analysed quantitatively and thematically in Phase 4 with Aboriginal community representatives and reported back to community. Lastly, in Phase 5, we evaluate the co-design process and adapt our protocol for use in partnership with other communities.Ethics and disseminationThis study has ethics approval of the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council ref:1525/19. The findings will be published in the literature, presented at conferences and short summaries will be issued via social media.
Cohort-based association study of germline genetic variants with acute and chronic health complications of childhood cancer and its treatment: Genetic Risks for Childhood Cancer Complications Switzerland (GECCOS) study protocol
Authors: Waespe Nicolas , Strebel Sven , Nava Tiago , Uppugunduri Chakradhara Rao S , Marino Denis , Mattiello Veneranda , Otth Maria , Gumy-Pause Fabienne , Von Bueren André O , Baleydier Frederic , Mader Luzius , Spoerri Adrian , Kuehni Claudia E , Ansari Marc 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionChildhood cancer and its treatment may lead to various health complications. Related impairment in quality of life, excess in deaths and accumulated healthcare costs are relevant. Genetic variations are suggested to contribute to the wide inter-individual variability of complications but have been used only rarely to risk-stratify treatment and follow-up care. This study aims to identify germline genetic variants associated with acute and late complications of childhood cancer.Methods and analysisThe Genetic Risks for Childhood Cancer Complications Switzerland (GECCOS) study is a nationwide cohort study. Eligible are patients and survivors who were diagnosed with childhood cancers or Langerhans cell histiocytosis before age 21 years, were registered in the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry (SCCR) since 1976 and have consented to the Paediatric Biobank for Research in Haematology and Oncology, Geneva, host of the national Germline DNA Biobank Switzerland for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders (BISKIDS).GECCOS uses demographic and clinical data from the SCCR and the associated Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Clinical outcome data consists of organ function testing, health conditions diagnosed by physicians, second primary neoplasms and self-reported information from participants. Germline genetic samples and sequencing data are collected in BISKIDS. We will perform association analyses using primarily whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing to identify genetic variants associated with specified health conditions. We will use clustering and machine-learning techniques and assess multiple health conditions in different models.DiscussionGECCOS will improve knowledge of germline genetic variants associated with childhood cancer-associated health conditions and help to further individualise cancer treatment and follow-up care, potentially resulting in improved efficacy and reduced side effects.Ethics and disseminationThe Geneva Cantonal Commission for Research Ethics has approved the GECCOS study.Research findings will be disseminated through national and international conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals and in lay language online.Trial registration numberNCT04702321.
Educational differences in alcohol-related mortality and their impact on life expectancy and lifespan variation in Spain (2016–2018): a cross-sectional analysis using multiple causes of death
Authors: Trias-Llimós Sergi , Spijker Jeroen J. A. 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSocioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related mortality in Spain exists, and are postulated to contribute to inequalities in all-cause mortality. We aim to assess absolute and relative educational inequalities in alcohol-related mortality, and to estimate the role of alcohol in educational inequalities in both life expectancy and lifespan variation in Spain.MethodsWe used multiple cause-of-death (MCOD) mortality data for individuals aged 30 and over for Spain (2016–2018) by educational attainment. We estimated by sex and educational attainment age-standardised alcohol-attributable mortality rates, relative and absolute indices of educational inequalities; and total life expectancy and lifespan variation at age 30 for all-cause mortality and after eliminating alcohol-attributable mortality.ResultsThe use of MCOD resulted in an additional 2543 annual alcohol-related deaths (+75% among men and +50% among women) compared with estimates derived from underlying causes of death. In absolute terms, educational inequalities were the highest among men aged 45–84 and among women aged 45–64. In relative terms, higher inequalities raised in working ages, whereas at older ages inequalities tended to be lower, although still important among men. Alcohol contributed to educational inequalities in life expectancy (men: 0.13 years (3.2%); women 0.02 years (0.7%)) and lifespan variation (2.1% and 1.4% for men and women, respectively).ConclusionAlcohol consumption remains an important lifestyle habit to be tackled in order to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Spain, particularly among men.
Role of primary care physician factors on diagnostic testing and referral decisions for symptoms of possible cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Hardy Victoria , Yue Adelaide , Archer Stephanie , Merriel Samuel William David , Thompson Matthew , Emery Jon , Usher-Smith Juliet , Walter Fiona M 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundMissed opportunities for diagnosing cancer cause patients harm and have been attributed to suboptimal use of tests and referral pathways in primary care. Primary care physician (PCP) factors have been suggested to affect decisions to investigate cancer, but their influence is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo synthesise evidence evaluating the influence of PCP factors on decisions to investigate symptoms of possible cancer.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO between January 1990 and March 2021 for relevant citations. Studies examining the effect or perceptions and experiences of PCP factors on use of tests and referrals for symptomatic patients with any cancer were included. PCP factors comprised personal characteristics and attributes of physicians in clinical practice.Data extraction and synthesisCritical appraisal and data extraction were undertaken independently by two authors. Due to study heterogeneity, data could not be statistically pooled. We, therefore, performed a narrative synthesis.Results29 studies were included. Most studies were conducted in European countries. A total of 11 PCP factors were identified comprising modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Clinical judgement of symptoms as suspicious or 'alarm' prompted more investigations than non-alarm symptoms. ‘Gut feeling’ predicted a subsequent cancer diagnosis and was perceived to facilitate decisions to investigate non-specific symptoms as PCP experience increased. Female PCPs investigated cancer more than male PCPs. The effect of PCP age and years of experience on testing and referral decisions was inconclusive.ConclusionsPCP interpretation of symptoms as higher risk facilitated testing and referral decisions for possible cancer. However, in the absence of 'alarm' symptoms or ‘gut feeling’, PCPs may not investigate cancer. PCPs require strategies for identifying patients with non-alarm and non-specific symptoms who need testing or referral.PROSPERO registration numberCRD420191560515.
Effectiveness of a web-based behavioural activation intervention for individuals with depression based on the Health Action Process Approach: protocol for a randomised controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up
Authors: Krämer Lena Violetta , Mueller-Weinitschke Claudia , Zeiss Tina , Baumeister Harald , Ebert David Daniel , Bengel Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionBehavioural activation is a highly effective treatment for depression. However, there is considerable heterogeneity of interventions grouped under the term ‘behavioural activation’. A main reason for the heterogeneity is the lack of a unified theory in the intervention development: few of the established intervention manuals give a theoretical rationale for their intervention techniques. For the first time, this study will examine the effectiveness of a theory-based behavioural activation intervention (InterAKTIV) based on the Health Action Process Approach. The intervention is implemented online to ensure broad dissemination and standardisation.Methods and analysisIn a two-arm randomised controlled trial, the effectiveness of a guided web-based behavioural activation intervention for people with depression will be evaluated. Participants are recruited via the print and online media of a large German healthcare insurance company. Individuals (age 18–65), who meet criteria for major depressive episode in a clinical interview and no exclusion criteria are eligible for inclusion. A target sample of 128 participants is randomly allocated to either the intervention group (immediate access to InterAKTIV) or treatment as usual (access after follow-up assessment). The primary outcome of depressive symptom severity (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Clinician Rating) and secondary outcomes, including behavioural activation, physical activity and motivational and volitional outcomes are assessed at baseline, post treatment and 6-month follow-up. Data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis with additional per-protocol analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is approved by the ethics committee of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg (no.: 20-1045). All participants are required to submit their informed consent online before study inclusion. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberThis trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00024349 (date of registration: 29 January 2021).
Clinical exercise provision in the UK: comparison of staff job titles, roles and qualifications across five specialised exercise services
Authors: Crozier Anthony , Watson Paula Mary , Graves Lee E F , George Keith , Naylor Louise , Green Daniel J , Rosenberg Michael , Jones Helen 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesIn the UK, the National Health Service long-term plan advocates exercise as a key component of clinical services, but there is no clearly defined workforce to deliver the plan. We aimed to provide an overview of current UK clinical exercise services, focusing on exercise staff job titles, roles and qualifications across cardiovascular, respiratory, stroke, falls and cancer services.MethodsClinical exercise services were identified electronically between May 2020 and September 2020 using publicly available information from clinical commissioning groups, national health boards and published audit data. Data relating to staff job titles, roles, qualifications and exercise delivery were collected via electronic records and telephone/email contact with service providers.ResultsData were obtained for 731 of 890 eligible clinical services (216 cardiac, 162 respiratory, 129 stroke, 117 falls, 107 cancer). Cardiac rehabilitation services provided both clinical (phase III) and community (phase IV) exercise interventions delivered by physiotherapists, exercise physiologists (exercise specific BSc/MSc) and exercise instructors (vocationally qualified with or without BSc/MSc). Respiratory, stroke and falls services provided a clinical exercise intervention only, mostly delivered by physiotherapists and occupational therapists. Cancer services provided a community exercise service only, delivered by vocationally qualified exercise instructors. Job titles of ‘exercise physiologists’ (n=115) bore little alignment to their qualifications, with a large heterogeneity across services.ConclusionIn the UK, clinical exercise services job titles, roles and qualifications were inconsistent. Regulation of exercise job titles and roles is required to remove the current disparities in this area.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among firefighters in Los Angeles, California
Authors: Mulligan Karen , Berg Anders H , Eckstein Marc , Hori Acacia , Rodriguez Anna , Sobhani Kimia , Toubat Omar , Sood Neeraj 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveWe estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among a sample of firefighters in the Los Angeles (LA), California fire department in October 2020 and compare demographic and contextual factors for seropositivity.MethodsWe conducted a serological survey of firefighters in LA, California, USA, in October 2020. Individuals were classified as seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 if they tested positive for IgG, IgM or both. We compared demographic and contextual factors for seropositivity.ResultsAll firefighters in LA, California, USA were invited to participate in our study, but only roughly 21% participated. Of 713 participants with valid serological data, 8.8% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and among the 686 with complete survey data 8.9% tested positive for antibodies. Seropositivity was not associated with gender, age or race/ethnicity. Seropositivity was highest among firefighters who reported working in the vicinity of LA International Airport, which had a known outbreak in July 2020.ConclusionsSeroprevalence among firefighters in our sample was 8.8%, however, we lack a full workplace seroprevalence estimate to compare the relative magnitude against general population seroprevalence (15%). Workplace safety protocols, such as access to personal protective equipment and testing, can mitigate increased risk of infection at work, and may have eliminated differences in disease burden by geography and race/ethnicity in our sample.
Characterising axial psoriatic arthritis: correlation between whole spine MRI abnormalities and clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings
Authors: Diaz Pamela , Feld Joy , Eshed Iris , Eder Lihi 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of inflammatory and structural lesions using whole spine MRI in patients with psoriatic disease, and to assess their correlation with clinical features and with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) classification criteria.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included patients with whole spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJ) MRI, selected from 2 populations: (1) active psoriatic arthritis (PsA), irrespective of axial symptoms; (2) psoriasis with confirmed or suspected PsA and axSpA symptoms. MRI spondylitis and/or sacroiliitis (MRI-SpA) was defined according to Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) consensus and by radiologist impression. Agreement between MRI-SpA and different inflammatory back pain (IBP) definitions (Berlin/ASAS/rheumatologist criteria) and the axSpA classification criteria were calculated considering MRI as gold standard. Logistic regression determined MRI-SpA-associated factors.Results93 patients were analysed (69.9% PsA; 30.1% psoriasis). Back pain was present in 81.7%, defined as IBP in 36.6%–57%. MRI-SpA was found in 9.7% of patients by ASAS definition and in 12.9% by radiologist impression, of which 25% had isolated spondylitis.Low agreement was found between the three IBP definitions and MRI-SpA. Rheumatologist criteria was the most sensitive (50%–55.6%) while ASAS and Berlin criteria were the most specific (61.9%–63%). axSpA criteria had poor sensitivity for MRI-SpA (22.2%–25%). Late onset of back pain or asymptomatic patients accounted for most cases with MRI-SpA not meeting axSpA or IBP criteria. Male sex was associated with MRI-SpA (OR 6.91; 95% CI 1.42 to 33.59) in multivariable regression analysis.ConclusionPrevalence of MRI-defined axSpA was low and showed poor agreement with IBP and axSpA criteria.
Investigating $$\pi ^{-}$$ production in central $$^{7}\text {Be}+^{9}\text {Be}$$ and $$^{40}\text {Ar}+ ^{45}\text {Sc}$$ collisions at CERN SPS energies with PYTHIA8/Angantyr
Authors: Abdel-Waged Khaled 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study pion production in proton–proton (pp) and in central $$^{7}$$

7

Be + $$^{9}$$

9

Be and $$^{40}\text {Ar}+ ^{45}\text {Sc}$$

40

Ar

+
45

Sc

collisions at CERN super proton synchrotron (SPS) energies within the Angantyr model, whose pp dynamics are modeled by PYTHIA 8.303 event generator. We have tuned the parameters of the default multi-partonic interaction (MPI) mechanism in PYTHIA 8.303 to describe simultaneously the measured rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of pions in inelastic pp-collisions in the beam momentum range from 20 to 158 GeV/c. We explore the influence of the standard Lund fragmentation and thermal string models, on the $$\pi ^{-}$$

π
-

observables, mainly from light(er) ion beams at CERN SPS energies. The role of primary hadron rescattering (HadSc) is also discussed. We find that the PYTHIA 8.303/Angantyr model employing both pp-tuned and thermal-string model with HadSc is able to reproduce the observed $$\pi ^{-}$$

π
-

yields in the light(er) ion beams at the whole CERN SPS energies.
Radiative $$\Xi _{b}^{-}\rightarrow \Xi ^{-}\gamma $$ decay
Authors: Olamaei A. R. , Azizi K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, the LHCb Collaboration performed first search for the rare radiative $$\Xi _{b}^{-}\rightarrow \Xi ^{-}\gamma $$

Ξ

b

-

→

Ξ
-

γ

decay and put an upper limit, $$\mathcal{B}(\Xi _{b}^{-}\rightarrow \Xi ^{-}\gamma ) < 1.3 \times 10^{-4}$$

B

(

Ξ

b

-

→

Ξ
-

γ
)

<
1.3
×

10

-
4

, on its branching ratio. The measurement agrees well with existing theory prediction using SU(3) flavor symmetry method, but shows a slight tension with the previous prediction from light-cone sum rules. Inspired by this, we investigate this decay as well as other radiative decays of $$\Xi _b^{0(-)}(\Xi ^{'-}_{b})$$

Ξ
b

0
(
-
)

(

Ξ
b

′

-

)

to $$\Xi ^{0(-)}$$

Ξ

0
(
-
)

and $$\Sigma ^{0(-)}$$

Σ

0
(
-
)

baryons using the form factors calculated from light-cone QCD sum rules in full theory. we obtain $$ \mathcal{B}(\Xi _{b}^{-}\rightarrow \Xi ^{-}\gamma )=1.08^{+0.63}_{-0.49} \times 10^{-5} $$

B

(

Ξ

b

-

→

Ξ
-

γ
)

=
1
.

08

-
0.49

+
0.63

×

10

-
5

, which lies below the upper limit set by LHCb and is consistent with flavor-symmetry driven prediction. Our predictions on other channels may be checked in experiment and by other phenomenological approaches.
Collective durotaxis of cohesive cell clusters on a stiffness gradient
Authors: Pi-Jaumà Irina , Alert Ricard , Casademunt Jaume 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany types of motile cells perform durotaxis, namely directed migration following gradients of substrate stiffness. Recent experiments have revealed that cell monolayers can migrate toward stiffer regions even when individual cells do not—a phenomenon known as collective durotaxis. Here, we address the spontaneous motion of finite cohesive cell monolayers on a stiffness gradient. We theoretically analyze a continuum active polar fluid model that has been tested in recent wetting assays of epithelial tissues and includes two types of active forces (cell–substrate traction and cell–cell contractility). The competition between the two active forces determines whether a cell monolayer spreads or contracts. Here, we show that this model generically predicts collective durotaxis, and that it features a variety of dynamical regimes as a result of the interplay between the spreading state and the global propagation, including sequential contraction and spreading of the monolayer as it moves toward higher stiffness. We solve the model exactly in some relevant cases, which provides both physical insights into the mechanisms of tissue durotaxis and spreading as well as a variety of predictions that could guide the design of future experiments.Graphic Abstract
Configurational entropy of a finite number of dumbbells close to a wall
Authors: Hütter Markus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effect of confinement on the conformation of N dumbbells in D dimensions close to a non-interacting and rigid flat wall is examined. Using statistical mechanics and numerical calculations, the partition coefficient and the confinement-induced change in the configurational entropy are calculated as a function of the conformation tensor $${\varvec{c}}$$

c

and of the distance of the dumbbells from the wall. Analytical predictions and numerical results for $$D=1$$

D
=
1

concerning the behavior close to the limiting cases (onset of and saturation of confinement) agree favorably; in one case where an analytical prediction has not been achieved, a thorough numerical study establishes the limiting behavior nevertheless. Beyond these limiting cases, the overall behavior of the partition coefficient and the configurational entropy has been examined as well in detail, for various choices of the parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that the effect of confinement for $$D>1$$

D
>
1

is captured entirely by the partition coefficient determined for $$D=1$$

D
=
1

. In general, the average extension of the dumbbells in the direction perpendicular to the wall is decreased the closer the dumbbells are to the wall. Also, the decay of the partition coefficient with increasing extension of the dumbbells becomes steeper, i.e., more localized, the higher the number of dumbbells N. Finally, it is discussed under what conditions these results can be used also for the case of slab- (i.e., slit-) confinement.

Graphical abstract