bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of the effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy combined with intravesical BCG immunotherapy versus BCG immunotherapy in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor
Authors: Luo Shuhang , Yang Rui , Wusimanjiang Wumier , Lei Jiahao , Liu Jinwen , Lin Shengjie , Liu Zhoujing , Chen Lingwu , Chen Junxing , Huang Bin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a novel combination therapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), namely, intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) plus BCG immunotherapy, and to compare the feasibility and safety of the two therapies.
Materials and methods
A retrospective review was conducted on the data of 134 patients who were diagnosed with high-risk NMIBC and underwent TURBT in the past five years. A total of 134 patients were initially enrolled and screened according to inclusion criteria, and the remaining 103 patients were divided into two groups according to the aspiration of patients: both groups received intravesical BCG immunotherapy, and the BCG + IAC group received 4 courses of extra intra-arterial chemotherapy. Clinical and follow-up data were recorded and processed using a statistical software.
Result
The recurrence rate was 14% in the BCG + IAC group and 28.3% in the BCG group, whereas the progression rates were 7% and 8.3%, respectively. In the Kaplan-Meier plot, a statistically significant difference was observed with respect to recurrence-free survival (p = 0.045), while the progression-free survival of the two groups was similar (p = 0.452). 46.5 the patients with adverse effects of IAC and 84.5% patients suffered from adverse reactions to BCG immunotherapy, and most of the adverse effects were mild and tolerable. Univariate analysis indicated that only history of recurrence was an independent risk factor for recurrence.
Conclusion
Intra-arterial chemotherapy could decrease the recurrence rate of BCG immunotherapy in high-risk patients with NMIBC with little additional toxicity. This could be a promising auxiliary treatment for BCG immunotherapy.
Integrating hetero-coordinated FeN4 and NiP4 single-atomic sites in one system for oxygen reduction/evolution
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyu , Su Keying , Yang Anzhou , Tang Yawen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The intrinsic activity of single-atom catalysts highly relies on their coordination configuration. However, selecting heterogenous ligands with larger electronegativity difference to severally customize the coordination and tune the electronic structure of dual-atom catalysts still remains challenge. Herein, a layer-by-layer separation and anisotropic coordination strategy is designed to perform the hetero-coordinated FeN4 and NiP4 sites anchored to the inner and outer surfaces of hollow carbon sphere (FeN4-C-NiP4), revealing a ligand-determined electronic properties of metal sites and their selectivity for oxidative/reductive reaction. Specifically, FeN4 sites with lower spin and deficient electrons are responsible for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR, E1/2=0.89 V), while four rich-electronic P ligands upshift the Ni center towards a higher spin, making the NiP4 sites more favorable for oxygen evolution reaction (OER, η10=218 mViR-free). Thus the FeN4-C-NiP4 could balance the competition between rate-limiting steps of ORR and OER, manifesting a small potential gap of 0.59 V. Moreover, above concept can be extended to achieve hetero-coordinated CoN4-C-NiP4 dual-atom sites, enhancing the activity and selectivity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and OER.
Factors Associated with Delay in Seeking Care for Breast Symptoms
Authors: Soh Jien Yen , Yahya Maya Mazuwin , Bachok Norsa’adah , Zain Wan Zainira Wan , Wong Michael Pak-Kai , Zakaria Zaidi , Merican Siti Rahmah Hashim Isa , Has Mohd Nizam MD , Ramely Rosnelifaizur , Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen , Mohamad Ikhwan Sani , Mokhter Wan Muhamad Mokhzani W Muhamad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Early detection and intervention are associated with better prognosis and survival. The study aim was to investigate the factors associated with delayed treatment among women with breast symptoms.Methods: After ethics approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2020 in women with new breast cancer symptoms at their first visit to our clinic. The “Delayed Presentation” questionnaires in the Malay language were used and distributed among the participants. Demographic data and presentation time were recorded. Presentation time was defined as the duration of symptoms prior to visiting the clinic. Respondents with presentation times > 90 days comprised the delayed group. The potential factors associated with delayed presentation were analyzed using cross-tabulation and multiple logistic regression.Results: There were 106 respondents to the questionnaire, with a mean age of 34.0 (SD: 11.2) years, and 73.6% (n = 78) were <39 years old. A total of 35.8% (n = 38) were first-time presenters to the health clinic. The reasons for presentation were a palpable breast lump on breast self-examination (75.5%, n = 80), mastalgia (15.1%, n = 16), nipple discharge (5.7%, n = 6), skin changes (0.9%, n = 1), and others (2.8%, n = 3). Among the respondents, 10.4% (n = 11) had alternative treatments prior to presentation to a hospital. The mean presentation time was 98.9 (SD: 323.7) days. Most of the participants (61.3%, n = 65) presented to us within 1 month. The delayed presentation group accounted for 19.8% (n = 21) of the respondents. The factor that was significantly associated with delayed presentation was the participants’ perception of symptoms as not dangerous (adjusted OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.11, 8.38).Conclusions: The percentage of delayed presentations among our patients was lower than the percentage reported in a previous study. Interpretation of a symptom as harmless by the respondent was the only factor significantly associated with delayed presentation.
Study on gene network mechanism of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription in treating cerebral ischemia
Authors: Li Na , Sun Jie , Wu Jian-Cao , Bai Xue , Yang Si-Jin , Wang Ting-Hua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To study the network mechanism of qufeng Tongqiao Prescription in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion related genes through network screening and molecular docking verification.Methods: Venny diagram, GO and KEGG analysis, PPI protein interaction, Hub gene screening, molecular verification and animal behavior experiments were performed to conduct inflammation through network pharmacology.Results: There were 53 intersecting genes of Qufengtongqiao Recipe and cerebral ischemia reperfusion. GO analysis showed that the main BP was response to lipopolysaccharide, and the main CC process was membrane raft. Cytokine receptor binding is the most important MF process.Age-rage signaling pathway in diabetic complications is the most important signaling pathway in KEGG pathway.Through molecular docking, it was found that Astragalus membranaceus was docked with MAPK14, IL4, FOS, IL6 and JUN, pueraria membranaceus was directly docked with JUN and IL4, Acorus acorus was linked to JUN and MAPK14, Ganoderma ganoderma and human were involved in JUN docking, and Ligusticum chuanqi and pueraria could not be docked with MAPK14 respectively.Conclusion: Qufeng Tongqiao prescription has therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion.
HDSNet: Hierarchical Detection Structure for YOLO Series Models
Authors: Qu Zhong , Gao Leyuan , Wang Shengye 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The feature pyramid network is an effective feature enhancement network. It is proposed and proved that its success is due to a divide-and-conquer solution to the optimization problem in object detection rather than multi-scale feature fusion. Divide-and-conquer refers to using feature layers of different scales as prediction feature layers instead of using one single object detection head. In this paper, we propose the hierarchical detection structures on YOLOv3-5 baseline models, which have good improvements. Firstly, we add a 7×7 grid as a prediction feature layer on YOLOv3, achieving 67.8% mAP@.5 and 46.3% mAP@.5:.95 on VOC and COCO datasets, which are 1.9% and 0.8% higher than the original. Then, we add 10×10 and 5×5 grids simultaneously on YOLOv4-5 as prediction feature layers. On VOC and COCO datasets, YOLOv4 achieves 61.8% mAP@.5 and 36.4% mAP@.5:.95, which are 1.6% and 1.1% higher than the original. YOLOv5 has four different models of S, M, L, and X. Finally, we do comparative experiments on all four models. For VOC dataset, 61.3%, 66.6%, 69.9% and 70.9% mAP@.5:.95 are achieved in YOLOv5_S-X, which are 4.4%, 1.4%, 1.6% and 1.1% higher than the original, respectively. The results of comparative experiments on each model show that the hierarchical detection structure based on anchors is effective for YOLO series models.
Anthropometric and Physiological Parameter Changes in Bodybuilders during the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Asgshahr Farnaz Seifi , Nabilpour Maghsoud , Mayhow Jerry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic infects athletes in different ways. Some ceased their training due to infection. Others reduced training due to closure of sports clubs. Some were able to continiue their training as usual while. The aims of this study were two-fold: (i) test the between-group effect of different levels of training over a 6-week period and (ii) test the within-group changes regarding body composition and fitness levels.
Methods
Thirty-six male bodybuilders (age = 24–33 yrs) with a minimum of two years training experience volunteered to participate. Athletes were categorized as those who were healthy and continued their training program (CTR, n = 12), healthy and ceased their training program (HWT, n = 12), and infected and ceased their training program (INF, n = 12). Participants were measured for maximal muscle strength in a chest press and squat before and after a period of 6-weeks. In addition, skinfolds were used to examine body composition changes over the 6-week period. Pre-pandemic data for anthropometric and physiological parameters of these subjects were available from their club. Before athletes returned to exercise in training groups, cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, syncope, tachycardia, and respiratory symptoms such as cough, sneezing, sore throat, asthma, and bronchial hypersensitivity after infection were assessed and their clinical manifestation reported. Repeated-measures ANOVA wasused to compare pre- and post-parameters, with Tukey post-hoc tests used to assess significance.
Results
Post-test results revealed that bodybuilders who were infected with COVID-19 virus had significantly greater weight and lean body mass losses compared to the other two groups. Also, their 1RM squat and chest press exercises had greater decreased (p < 0.005). Clinical manifestations of the virus showed a return to normal ranges following two weeks of training.
Conclusion
Lack of training caused changes in body composition and upper- and lower-body muscle strength of bodybuilders. If cessation of training coincides with the COVID-19 virus, the intensity of these changes were exacerbated. It is recommended that training of those who have recovered from the coronavirus be closely monitored for at least two weeks so that medical actions can be promptly implemented if a clinical incidence occurs.
Comparison of Bilevel Volume Guarantee and Pressure-Regulated Volume Control Modes in Preterm Infants
Authors: Işık Şehribanu , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Şimşek Gülsüm Kadıoğlu , Ertekin Ömer , Kutman H. Gözde Kanmaz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the bilevel VG and PRVC modes of the GE® Carescape R860 model ventilator and test the safety and utility of these two modes in preterm neonates. Mehtods: Infants who were less than 30 weeks of gestational age, required intubation and mechanical ventilation in the first 24 hours of life, received surfactant at least once, and were clinically stable at postnatal 24 hours were included in the study. After randomization, initial ventilator settings were adjusted for each patient and recorded as the starting point. After the first 2 hours of ventilation, the patients were switched to the other ventilator mode for 2 hours. Ventilator parameters, vital signs, and blood gas values were evaluated at the beginning of the study, after the first ventilation mode, and after the second ventilation mode.Results: The study included a total of 28 patients, 14 in the PRVC group and 14 in the bilevel VG group. The mean birth weight was 876 g (range: 530-1170) and the mean gestational age was 26.4 weeks (range: 24-29). The patients’ peak inspiratory pressure (PIP2 and PIP3) was lower after ventilation in bilevel VG mode than in PRVC mode (13 vs. 14 cmH2O, respectively; paired samples t-test, p=0.008). After 2 hours of bilevel VG ventilation, mean heart rate decreased from 149/min to 140/min (p=0.001) and oxygen saturation increased from 91% to 94% (p=0.01). There were no significant differences in mean airway pressure, respiratory rate, or blood gas values. Conclusion: Both the PRVC and bilevel VG modes of GE ventilators can be used safely in preterm infants, and although the difference may not be very pronounced, bilevel VG mode was associated with more favorable early clinical findings. Studies including more patients and comparing with other modes will clarify and provide further evidence on this subject.Trial registration number: NCT04191239
The Effects of Gut Microbiome of Pregnant Mice on Palate Development in Fetal Mice
Authors: Wang Yijia , Chen Jing , Wang Xiaotong , Peng Xia , Li Tianli , Liu Ying , Du Juan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common congenital birth defects in the craniofacial region, recent studies have shown that the occurrence of cleft palate is closely related to maternal health. Pregnant women with an imbalance in their gut microbiota might be at risk not only for their health but also for their fetuses. However, few reports focus on the relationship between the occurrence of CP on embryos and gut microbiota of their mothers.
Results
In this study, we used retinoic acid (RA) to induce cleft palate model for E10.5 mice, then at E16.5, the feces of 5 RA-treated pregnant mice and 5 control pregnant mice were respectively collected for metagenomics analysis. The results showed that compared with the control group, Lactobacillus in the gut microbiome of pregnant mice in the RA group was significantly increased. GO, KEGG and CAZy analysis of differentially expressed unigenes demonstrated the most abundant metabolic pathway in different groups, such as TCA cycle, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and histidine metabolism.
Conclusions
Our findings indicated that changes in maternal gut microbiome could affect fetal palatal development, which might be related to changes in Lactobacillus and metabolic disorders. These results provide a new idea and direction for the pathogenesis of the cleft palate.
Effects of systolic and diastolic blood pressure rhythm on coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Qian-Li , Li Dan , Xu Xiao-Yang , Wei Xiao-Yuan , Yu Jiang-Chuan , Su Li 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies put it there was an interaction between diabetes and abnormal blood pressure rhythm, and they both increased the morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed at analyzing the effects of abnormal rhythm (AR) of blood pressure (BP) and each kind of systolic or diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) pattern on CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes in Southwest China. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involved 853 type 2 diabetic patients with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring divided into CAD and non-CAD groups through imaging examination of the coronary artery. SBP and DBP were divided into dipper (D), non-dipper (ND), reverse dipper (RD), and extreme dipper (ED) by nocturnal BP decline rate, respectively. The difference in mean 24-hour, daytime, bedtime SBP and DBP, and BP rhythm between groups was compared by variance analysis. The association between different BP rhythms and CAD was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression when adjust for clinical, laboratory, and BP parameters.Results: Most diabetic patients had non-dipper BP patterns in both CAD and non-CAD groups, while the CAD group had a higher percentage of RD in both SBP and DBP than non-CAD. More CAD occurred in RD-SBP than D-SBP (P<0.001), RD-SBP than ND-SBP (P<0.001), RD-DBP than D-DBP (P<0.001), and ND-DBP than D-DBP (p=0.006). AR-SBP (OR=1.622, P=0.015), AR-DBP (OR=1.774, P=0.001), RD-SBP (OR=2.320, P<0.001), RD-DBP (OR=2.140, P<0.001), ND-DBP (OR=1.648, P=0.006) were risk factors for CAD and those relationships were still significant after adjust for different parameters.Conclusion: Abnormal BP rhythm, especially reverse dipper pattern was a risk factor for CAD regardless of SBP or DBP in diabetic patients. While for non-dipper, only the non-dipper DBP pattern had a risky influence.
Investigation of acylated anthocyanins from black rice by lipase-catalyzed: Improvement of lipid-soluble antioxidant activity and stability
Authors: Wang Hui , Sun Lina , Li Yanhui , Kong Yue , Kang Zimeng , Wu Zenan , Lv Wenbiao , Xie Ruiwei , Xie Fengying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a series of acylated anthocyanins from black rice with different weight ratio of caffeic acid has been successfully prepared by lipase-catalyzed in non-aqueous phase. The effects of acylation on the antioxidant capacity and degradation kinetics were also conducted. The ability of scavenging liposoluble radical and total antioxidant capacity for anthocyanins were improved by acylation reaction. The total antioxidant capacity reached maximum when the weight ratio of anthocyanins to caffeic acid was 1:1. Moreover, the decomposition stability of acylated anthocyanins was enhanced and the degradation followed first order reaction kinetics with respect to temperature, pH and light, respectively. The decomposition rate at relevant pH value for acylated anthocyanins with the weight ratio of 2:1 was the highest. However, the rate constant of anthocyanins against heat and light were decreased with the increasing content of caffeic acid, which illustrated that the thermal and light stability was increased with the content of caffeic acid increasing. The exploration of this study would extend the application of anthocyanin in organic phase and lay the groundwork for further exploring the potential application of anthocyanins in food industry.
Experimental Design Application for Measuring Histamine in Tuna fish Samples by Phenyl isothiocyanate Derivation method using Ultra-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ameri Maede , Daryanavard Seyed Mosayeb 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Histamine is an important biogenic amino acid was measured in tuna fish samples by ultra- performance liquid chromatography using a Phenyl isothiocyanate derivative. Minitab software was used to design the experiment and investigate the effective factors during the process, which includes screening and optimization steps. A partial factorial design was used in the screening stage and a central composite design was used in the optimization. Effective parameters in Histamine derivation were examined in the screening step including triethylamine volume, phenyl isothiocyanate volume, reaction temperature, reaction time and mobile phase pH. Then, in the optimization, effective parameters were identified and finally, the calibration curve was drawn from a concentration of 0.5–10.0 µg.ml-1 for Histamine and a correlation coefficient of 0.994 was obtained for Histamine. The method detection limit was 0.36 µg.ml-1 and the LOQ was 1.19 µg.ml-1. The relative standard deviation of the method was obtained for concentrations of 1.0–100.0 µg.ml-1 in the range between 1.06 to 2.21%. The recovery method was obtained from 90.8 to 103.1% for measuring Histamine in real fish samples.
Adding Pattern and Process to Eco-Evo Theory and Applications
Authors: White Jennifer M. , Schumaker Nathan H. , Chock Rachel Y. , Watkins Sydney 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Context
Eco-evolutionary dynamics result when interacting biological forces simultaneously produce demographic and genetic population responses. Eco-evolutionary simulators traditionally manage complexity by minimizing the influence of spatial pattern on process. However, this simplification can limit their utility in real-world applications.
Objectives
We present a novel simulation modeling approach for investigating eco-evolutionary dynamics, centered on the driving role of landscape pattern. Our spatially-explicit, individual-based mechanistic simulation approach overcomes existing methodological challenges, generates new insights, and paves the way for future investigations in four focal disciplines: Landscape Genetics, Population Genetics, Conservation Biology, and Evolutionary Ecology.
Methods
We developed a simple individual-based model to illustrate how spatial structure drives eco-evo dynamics. By making minor changes to our landscape’s structure, we simulated continuous, isolated, and semi-connected landscapes, and simultaneously tested several classical assumptions of the focal disciplines.
Results
Our results exhibit expected patterns of isolation, drift, and extinction. By imposing landscape change on otherwise functionally-static eco-evolutionary models, we altered key emergent properties such as gene-flow and adaptive selection. We observed demo-genetic responses to these landscape manipulations, including changes in population size, probability of extinction, and allele frequencies. Our model also demonstrated how demo-genetic traits, including generation time and migration rate, can arise from a mechanistic model, rather than being specified a priori.
Conclusions
We identify simplifying assumptions common to four focal disciplines, and illustrate how new insights might be developed in eco-evolutionary theory and applications by better linking biological processes to landscape patterns that we know influence them, but that have understandably been left out of many past modeling studies.