bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNITE Species Hypotheses Matching Analysis
Authors: Abarenkov Kessy , Kõljalg Urmas , Nilsson R. Henrik 
Published: August 2022

UNITE (User-friendly Nordic ITS Ectomycorrhizal Database) (Nilsson et al. 2018) is a theoretical and practical platform for calculating, identifying and communicating DNA-based species hypotheses that may not have been described as formal species yet. UNITE species hypotheses (SH) matching analysis is a digital service for the global species discovery from environmental DNA (eDNA). SH matching service is based on UNITE datasets hosted in PlutoF. The tool places a user's unknown DNA sequences in FASTA format into existing UNITE species hypotheses and forms SHs not yet present in the system. Its output in a series of CSV and HTML files (Fig. 1) includes information about what species are present in eDNA samples, whether they are potentially undescribed new species, where they are found in other studies, whether they are alien or threatened species, etc. The service is very useful for understanding species distribution patterns, host range, etc.
Analysis output will provide Digital Object Identifier (DOI)-based stable identifiers for communicating species hypotheses found in eDNA. DOIs are connected to the taxonomic backbone of PlutoF and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility). In this way every DOI is accompanied by a taxon name, which is still widely used for the communication of species. In the case of undescribed species, DOIs will be issued by the PlutoF system. All UNITE services are focused on fungi but cover all Eukarya by using publicly available rDNA ITS (ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer) marker sequences accompanied by sample metadata. SH matching analysis results can be published in GBIF as DNA-derived occurrence data where occurrences are linked to SH identifiers present in GBIF backbone taxonomy.
Source code of the SH matching analysis tool is available in GitHub with an implementation accessible online on the PlutoF platform for registered users. PlutoF (Abarenkov et al. 2010) is an open data management platform for biology and related disciplines. Users can manage their bodiversity datasets through a full data life cycle—from uploading to publishing and archiving in FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) way. PlutoF also features an analysis module by providing analytical services for molecular sequence identification and species discovery from eDNA samples. There are more than 8 000 registrered users in PlutoF with more than 500 users who have used its analysis module (as of August, 2022).
Country-led monitoring and evaluation systems through the lens of participatory governance and co-production: Implications for a Made in Africa Evaluation approach
Authors: Morkel Candice , Sibanda Adeline 
Published: August 2022

Background: The history of evaluations on the African continent can be linked to the introduction of upward systems of accountability resulting from the rapid introduction of international aid programmes for the (re)building of African states during the post-independence era. Results-based management and monitoring and evaluation (ME) became commonplace, the features of which continue to imbue national ME systems across the continent. These systems, if not intentionally so designed and implemented, are not particularly focused on learning for course-correction and performance improvement from the perspective of citizens. Conducting evaluations, in particular, is often based on the need for accountability to funders or decision-makers, as opposed to downward accountability to the public and intended beneficiaries of the interventions.Objectives: This article explores how localised approaches to governance (merged with co-production) could ensure that evaluation systems are liberatory if they are endogenous and indigenous in their design and respond to the needs of citizens (rather than serving an upward accountability agenda).Method: Through the analytical framework of participatory governance and co-production, this article examines how participatory approaches to establishing national evaluation (and monitoring) systems may help the African continent liberate itself from the instrumental adoption of ME systems, defined by compliance and accountability, and instead design systems based on a citizen-owned, people-centred notion of downward accountability.Results: Participatory governance and co-production are well aligned to the principles of MAE (Made in Africa Evaluation) and may provide the means to arriving at more inclusive forms of ME systems development and, concomitantly, more inclusive ways of producing and using evidence for policy, governance and development on a national scale.Conclusion: Although desirable due its potential to transform systems of governance to become more citizen-centred, co-production must not be romanticised nor over-simplified. Increasing levels of citizen participation in governance must consider that there are significant changes that need to be made to institutional structures and processes, such as new forms of accountability, governance, systems and structures for citizen involvement. Therefore, a combination of practical, technical, ideological, relational and political factors must be considered in the adoption of more participatory approaches in establishing national ME systems.
Ocular Morbidity Among Children with Protein Energy Malnutrition in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Zubairu Asimau Eivovo , Oladigbolu Kehinde Kabir , Samaila Elsie , Elijah Peter Ndako 
Published: August 2022

Background:Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) remains a major health challenge in Nigeria, especially Northern Nigeria. Its association with ocular morbidity and irreversible blindness has been previously documented. There are however limited recent literature on these ocular manifestations, which may have evolved over the years. This study is thus relevant to establish a current baseline for the ocular manifestations associated with PEM in Northern Nigeria.Materials and Methods:This was a comparative, cross-sectional study. The sample size was 400 children; 200 with PEM, and 200 without PEM. Consenting parents with children between 6 – 59 months of age diagnosed with PEM, and those without PEM were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, general and ocular history were documented. A detailed ocular examination which included visual acuity assessment, examination of ocular adnexae, as well as the anterior and posterior segment of the eyes were done. Data was collected in a structured proforma, and analysed with the SPSS version 21, and Windows WinPepi softwares.Results:Abnormal ocular findings were significantly higher in the PEM group compared to the non-malnourished group [46.5% vs 24%, OR = 2.910 (1.891, 4.477), p = < 0.001]. The predominant ocular examination findings in the PEM and non-malnourished groups were infective conjunctivitis (35.5% vs 17%), lid oedema (11% vs 0%), signs of xerophthalmia (6% vs 0%) and visual impairment (3% vs 0%)Conclusion:PEM is still complicated by varying severity of ocular morbidity, with the potential of progression to irreversible blindness.
Survey of Blindness in Saki East, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adediran Olusegun Adetomiwa , Oluleye Tunji Sunday , Ayorinde Olutoke Omolara , Ugalahi Mary Ogbenyi , Mpyet Caleb Damilep 
Published: August 2022

Background:
This survey was undertaken in a rural local government area (LGA) where eye care services recently commenced, with no known previous data on blindness or visual impairment.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim was to generate evidence for further planning and monitoring of the on-going eye care program. The objectives included determination of the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment, causes of blindness and visual impairment, and assessment of cataract services and barriers to cataract surgery uptake.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study. A population-based rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) was undertaken among eligible individuals, aged 50 years and above, who were residents of Saki East LGA. A three-stage cluster sampling technique with probability proportional to size was employed to recruit 1100 respondents. Field data were analysed using the RAAB 5 computer software package.

Results:
The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness was 1.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.1–3.3). Cataract was the commonest cause of blindness (37.8%) and severe visual impairment (56.3%), whereas refractive error was the leading cause of moderate visual impairment (68.3%). The prevalence of blindness significantly increased with age (χ
2= 38.01, P = 0.000). Avoidable conditions were responsible for 94.6% of the blindness.

Conclusion:
The burden of blindness and visual impairment in the survey area is significant, with more than 90% due to avoidable causes. Cataract, glaucoma, and uncorrected refractive error were important causes needing urgent attention.
Appendiceal Schistosomiasis Presenting as an Appendiceal Mass
Authors: Nwabuoku Stanley Emeka , Mukoro George Duke , Daniyan Muhammad , Dauda Muhammad Maigatari , Khalid Lawal , Aliyu Halima Oziohu , Shittu Shuaibu M. , Gana Stephen G. , Suraj Aliu , Idokoko Emmanuel , Okeke Cosmas , Iji Lambert , Audu Jimoh A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Schistosomiasis has been noted to be one of the most widespread parasitic diseases in the world. It is commonest in developing countries and 85% of the infections have been reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. Presentation with an appendiceal mass has been a rarity among the cases reported thus far.

Case Presentation:
We report the case of a 23-year-old man who presented with an appendiceal mass that responded to conservative treatment and had interval appendicectomy with histological confirmation of schistosomal appendicitis. He received post-operative medical therapy for schistosomiasis and had no sequelae thereafter.

Conclusion:
Appendiceal mass from schistosomal appendicitis responds to initial conservative management, followed by interval appendicectomy and post-operative anti-schistosomal medications serving as adequate treatment subsequently.
Primary vaginal gestational trophoblastic neoplasia treated with uterine angiographic embolization and chemotherapy
Authors: Cenizal-Santos Maria Concepcion D. , Chua Angelica Anne A. , Aquilizan Leon Francis N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) in itself is an uncommon condition, much so is a primary extrauterine GTN. The incidence of GTN in the Philippines is at 22.4/40,000 pregnancies. However, no report has been made for primary extrauterine GTN. Only two cases of primary vaginal choriocarcinoma are reported in the literature. This is a case of a 26-year-old gravida 1 para 0 (0010) who came in for profuse vaginal bleeding. Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) was elevated and ultrasound showed a hypervascular vaginal mass and an empty uterus. A primary vaginal GTN was considered, and the patient was treated with etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine (EMACO) regimen. During the course of chemotherapy, there was a note of profuse vaginal bleeding, which was controlled by angiographic uterine artery embolization. A normal β-hCG level was achieved after six cycles of EMACO. The patient was able to have three successful pregnancy outcomes thereafter. Primary vaginal GTN is a rare condition that requires a high index of suspicion. In a nulliparous patient complicated with profuse vaginal bleeding, angiographic embolization is an effective fertility-sparing procedure that can manage the said complication.
Tropicalization of the universal Jacobian
Authors: Melo Margarida , Molcho Samouil , Ulirsch Martin , Viviani Filippo 
Published: August 2022

In this article we provide a stack-theoretic framework to study the universal tropical Jacobian over the moduli space of tropical curves. We develop two approaches to the process of tropicalization of the universal compactified Jacobian over the moduli space of curves -- one from a logarithmic and the other from a non-Archimedean analytic point of view. The central result from both points of view is that the tropicalization of the universal compactified Jacobian is the universal tropical Jacobian and that the tropicalization maps in each of the two contexts are compatible with the tautological morphisms. In a sequel we will use the techniques developed here to provide explicit polyhedral models for the logarithmic Picard variety.Comment: 51 pages, 2 figures, v3: published version
O ensino de Geografia na formação dos estudantes de Pedagogia
Authors: Santana Anderson Santos de 
Published: August 2022

A pesquisa exposta neste texto, tem o intuito de apresentar como tem-se dado à formação geográfica dos alunos que cursam a Licenciatura em Pedagogia na UFPB, nos possibilitando encontrar respostas que nos permitiram ter uma compreensão sobre o Ensino de Geografia. O interesse de analisar as práticas pedagógicas do componente curricular Ensino de Geografia se deu porque esse curso é a base para a formação inicial de docentes que irão atuar na educação básica, eles serão os responsáveis pela formação espacial de crianças, jovens e adultos. São esses licenciandos em Pedagogia que estão adquirindo as bases de diversos conhecimentos, dentre esses, os geográficos, que irão introduzir na escola os primeiros saberes sistematizados pela Geografia. A escolha desta universidade para a pesquisa se deu, porque ela é responsável por formar o maior número de pedagogos do estado da Paraíba. A graduação ocorre em modo presencial e em regime seriado semestral, com carga horária de 3.000 horas-aula e com duração mínima de 04 anos e 06 meses no turno diurno e 05 anos e 06 meses no noturno. O Curso de Pedagogia conta atualmente com 1.202 alunos e 112 professores lotados no Centro de Educação.
Palavras-chave
Educação, Pedagogos, Professor, Saber.

La enseñanza de la Geografía en la formación de los estudiantes de Pedagogía
Resumen
La investigación expuesta en este texto tiene la intención de presentar como se ha dado la formación geográfica de los estudiantes que cursan la Licenciatura en Pedagogía en la UFPB. La investigación proporcionó respuestas que nos permitieron tener una comprensión sobre la Enseñanza de la Geografía en la Licenciatura en Pedagogía. El interés por analizar las prácticas pedagógicas del componente curricular Enseñanza de la Geografía se hizo porque este curso es la base para la formación de muchos profesores que trabajarán en la educación y serán responsables del aprendizaje de un número importante de niños y jóvenes. Son estos estudiantes de grado en Pedagogía los que están adquiriendo las bases de diversos conocimientos, y entre estos los geográficos que iniciarán en la escuela los primeros conocimientos vinculados a la enseñanza de la geografía. La universidad fue elegida porque es la responsable de graduar el mayor número de Pedagogos en el Estado de Paraíba, el curso funciona en la modalidad semestral, con carga lectiva de 3.000 horas y duración mínima de cuatro años y medio en turno de día, y cinco años y medio por la noche. El curso tiene 1.202 alumnos y 112 profesores asignados al Centro de Educación.
Palabras-clave
Educación, Pedagogos, Profesor, Conocimiento.
Revisiting Shift Cipher Technique for Amplified Data Security
Authors: Verma Raksha , Kumari Anjali , Anand Adarsh , Yadavalli V. S. S. 
Published: August 2022

Ever since manual work is overtaken by technology and the rapid advancement in the technologies for performing all kinds of work online has created new possibilities for the organizations and institutions of all types. But this has also created opportunities for attackers and opponents by reducing the powers of existing controls over data sharing. All private, public and any other sectors are using the internet for sharing their data. Transmission of unencrypted data over the internet is not secure as it poses many privacy concerns as they can be easily hacked and misused by any unintended person. So, everyone is concerned about safe and secure ways of data transmission in order to avoid leak of private data, as hackers always try to chase the transmitted data and to recover it and therefore various different techniques are developed in order to make data transmission more secure. Encryption is essential to protect and prevent such lapses in the transmission of sensitive information over the internet and any other networks. In this paper, the author has worked on a better version of Caesar cipher and invented a method in which modular arithmetic is used to convert plaintext into ciphertext in order to amplify and to bolster up the security of the sensitive data or information, the author composed the decryption method in such a way that it is no way related to encryption by involving the divisibility tests and arithmetic modulo.

Received: 29 May 2022 | Revised: 18 July 2022 | Accepted: 16 August 2022

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Two new sawfly species for the Bulgarian fauna (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)
Authors: Dobreva Maria , Zlatanov Nikolai , Georgiev Georgi 
Published: August 2022

Two sawfly species were established for the first time in Bulgaria: Gilpinia socia (Klug) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) and Hemichroa crocea (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). G. socia was found on Pinus sylvestris in Plovdiv City, and H. crocea - on Alnus glutinosa in the land of Iskra Village. The late-instar larvae were collected and reared in Petri dishes in laboratory conditions in Forestry Protection Station in Plovdiv. Seven female and one male adult specimens of G. socia appeared between 30 July and 23 August 2021.
National Implications Of An Urban Forestry Survey in Wisconsin
Authors: Miller Robert W. , Bate Timothy R. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBaumgardt, John P. 1977.Maintenance pruning throughout the year. Grounds Maintenance 12(11): 34-37, 41,43.Pruning is not a cut-and-dried procedure. Each pruning job is appropriate to a particular season, depending on what plant material is being pruned and what the pruning is designed to accomplish. When setting up the maintenance pruning schedule, bear in mind a basic horticultural axiom. Dormant season pruning stimulates growth during the following growing season; pruning early in the growing season tends to reduce growth over the following year or two. A large, relatively nonbleeding shade tree such as a mature oak, sycamore or elm can be cleaned up very effectively in winter. Spring pruning ought to be limited to work on new shoots. Early summer pruning of these newly hardened shoots is especially effective with ornamental members of fruiting species such as flowering crabapples, Callery pear, the ornamental plums, flowering quince, and the like. Limit early fall pruning to essential chores such as repair of storm damage.
Maryland’s Roadside Tree Regulations and Their Implementation
Authors: Lyon Tunis J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the appearance of the roadsides in the State of Maryland, the State Legislature, through the foresight and strong insistence of concerned citizen groups, enacted the first roadside tree legislation in the United States in 1914. The rules and regulations that cover permits, tree care standards, slash disposal, use of herbicides, and planting along Maryland’s roadsides are discussed. The close cooperation and assistance between the public, public utilities, and the Maryland Forest Service is the reason the law works and the roadsides of Maryland are maintained in an aesthetically pleasing condition.
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI DESA PERLIS WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TANGKAHAN DURIAN KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Authors: Damanik Rani Kawati , Silitonga Erwin , Sidabukk Ida Ria Royenti , Perdana Putri Delima 
Published: August 2022

Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five years of age due to chronic malnutrition so that children are too short of height according to WHO 2005, ie Z-Score is less than -2SD. And exclusive breastfeeding is a condition where the baby only receives breast milk from the biological mother or breastfeeding mother, expressed breast milk and no other liquid or food. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting in children under five. This type of research is an observational analytic with a retrospective research design conducted in Perlis Village, Tangkahan Durian Health Center Work Area, Langkat Regency. The population of this study were all mothers who had children under five as many as 364 toddlers. The sample in this study was 79 children under five with purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted in February-July 2019. Data collection was carried out by measuring the height of toddlers and filling out observation sheets. Bivariate analysis using the Shapiro Wilk test with a probability value (p) value of 0.05. The results of research conducted in Perlis Village, Tangkahan Durian Public Health Center, showed that 15 children who were given exclusive breastfeeding had stunting status (19.0%) and 27 (34.2%) children who were not given exclusive breastfeeding had stunting status. = 0.001 (p>0.05) from the statistical test results, thus there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Perlis Village, Tangkahan Durian Health Center Work Area, Langkat Regency. This study suggests that mothers be more active in breastfeeding their babies with the support of the role of puskesmas nurses to provide education about exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Stunting Incidence, Toddler
Análise geográfica de territórios microurbanos em Barreiras-BA: da realidade local a demanda social
Authors: Vieira Junior Adalbes Martins , Brasileiro Robson Soares 
Published: August 2022

A referida pesquisa realiza uma análise ainda que superficial, porém trazendo informações significativas acerca da realidade social encontrada em microterritórios urbanos estudados na cidade de Barreiras-BA. Para isso, parte-se do pressuposto que para conhecer a realidade local se faz necessário analisar as demandas socias em pequenos espaços, melhor dizendo, nos microterritórios, os quais têm como escala representativa neste trabalho os bairros. Nesse sentido, o que se denomina aqui microterritórios na realidade são alguns bairros da cidade e suas demandas sociais, que se traduzem na disponibilidade de determinados serviços básicos como: saúde, educação, infraestrutura e saneamento básico. Todavia, cita-se no trabalho apenas os espaços selecionados para esta pesquisa. Portanto, a proposta consiste em dar visibilidade as demandas e necessidades desses espaços de acordo com a maior ou menor disponibilidade dos serviços anteriormente destacados. O trabalho traz uma análise da realidade encontrada nas áreas pesquisadas, assim, na ausência de serviços básicos, a população local pode sinalizar problemas e transtornos, seja no recorte central ou periférico da cidade. A partir do levantamento dessas informações, foi possível compreender melhor as vulnerabilidades e fragilidades de microterritórios centrais e periféricos.