bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitcase Lab Measurement of Digital Cellphone Interference Levels on Hearing Aids
Authors: Killion Mead C. , Teder Harry , Thoma Russ 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA low-cost, “real-life” method for measuring the interference caused by digital wireless (cellphones) telephones in hearing aids is proposed. Data would be valid for specific telephone and hearing aid models. The estimated equipment cost is $500.
Abbreviations: AGC = automatic gain control, ANSI = American National Standards Institute, BTE = behind the ear, CD = compact disc, CIC = completely in the canal, DLH = damped long horn, IRIL = input referred interference level, PCS = Personal Communication System, RF = radio frequency, TEM = transverse electromagnetic
The European Experience
Authors: Bisgaard Nikolai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents an overview of past and current experiences with time division multiple assess-based (Global System for Mobil Communication) mobile telephones in Europe as seen by the European Hearing Instrument Manufacturers Association. Initial fear of widespread interference problems for hearing aid users in general owing to use of a new generation of mobile telephones seems unjustified. The background for the International Electrotechnical Commission 118–13 standard for measuring interference is described. No solution to complete elimination of interference problems resulting from direct contact between hearing aids and mobile telephones has yet been found. Several reports on the subjects are cited, and new work on measurement standards for near-field situations is mentioned.
Abbreviations: BTE = behind the ear, DECT = digital European cordless telephony, EHIMA = European Hearing Instruments Manufacturers Association, EMC = electromagnetic compatibility, ETSI = European Telecommunication Standards Institute, EU = European Union, GSM = Global System for Mobile Communication, IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission, IRIL = input-related interference level, ITE = in the ear, TDMA = time division multiple access
Slang and verbal aggression
Authors: Mattiello Elisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While lexical and discourse strategies of hate speech have widely been studied hitherto, there is limited research
devoted to the contribution of grammatical and morphological aspects to verbal aggression. This paper provides a corpus-assisted
analysis of slang morphological means used in verbal aggression. The focus is on four compound families (X-ass,
X-brain, X-face, X-head), which are often used in slang to form compound
words referring to specific groups, such as homosexuals, fools, or ineffectual people. The paper adopts a morphopragmatic approach
to investigate three pragmatic meanings/functions – namely, derisive, critical, and offensive – of slang words in situations of
conflict. The combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of data drawn from the Corpus of Contemporary American
English (COCA) shows the frequency of the morphological processes, their privileged genres and contexts, as well as
their negative potential and face-threatening power.
National brands in hard discounters: market expansion and bargaining power effects
Authors: Bonnet Celine , Bouamra-Mechemache Zohra , Klein Gordon J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyse the strategic role of the recent introduction of national brand (NB) products by hard discounters (HDs) in the French food retailing market and its impact both at the retail and manufacturer levels. We use a structural econometric model of vertical relationships and consider the competition between mainstream retailers (MSRs) and HDs, and between NBs and private labels (PLs). We apply this model to the French dairy dessert market, which is characterised by a high penetration of PLs and a high concentration at the manufacturer and retail levels. Using a counterfactual analysis, we show that the introduction of NBs by HDs clearly increases hard discounters’ profits. Consumers benefit from this strategy. Moreover, we find an increase in the profit of manufacturers of NBs but at the expense of MSRs. We also show that the introduction of NBs by HDs does not only act as a means to attract different consumer groups and extend their market share through a variety effect. It also serves to improve their bargaining position with respect to their PL providers.
The Divisors of Prym Semicanonical Pencils
Authors: Maestro Pérez Carlos , Rojas Andrés 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the moduli space ${{\mathcal {R}}}_g$ of double étale covers of curves of a fixed genus $g$, the locus of covers of curves with a semicanonical pencil decomposes as the union of two divisors—${{\mathcal {T}}}^e_g$ and ${{\mathcal {T}}}^o_g$. Adapting arguments of Teixidor for the divisor of curves having a semicanonical pencil, we prove that both divisors are irreducible and compute their divisor classes in the Deligne–Mumford compactification ${\overline {{\mathcal {R}}}}_g$.
Acute vital signs changes are underrepresented by a conventional electronic health record when compared with automatically acquired data in a single-center tertiary pediatric cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Lowry Adam W , Futterman Craig A , Gazit Avihu Z 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
We sought to evaluate the fidelity with which the patient’s clinical state is represented by the electronic health record (EHR) flow sheet vital signs data compared to a commercially available automated data aggregation platform in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU)

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), and pulse oximetry (SpO2) data archived in a conventional EHR and an automated data platform for 857 pediatric patients admitted postoperatively to a tertiary pediatric CICU. Automated data captured for 72 h after admission were analyzed for significant HR, SBP, RR, and SpO2 deviations from baseline (events). Missed events were identified when the EHR failed to reflect the events reflected in the automated platform

Results
Analysis of 132 054 622 data entries, including 264 966 (0.2%) EHR entries and 131 789 656 (99.8%) automated entries, identified 15 839 HR events, 5851 SBP events, 9648 RR events, and 2768 SpO2 events lasting 3–60 min; these events were missing in the EHR 48%, 58%, 50%, and 54% of the time, respectively. Subanalysis identified 329 physiologically implausible events (eg, likely operator or device error), of which 104 (32%) were nonetheless documented in the EHR

Conclusion
In this single-center retrospective study of CICU patients, EHR vital sign documentation was incomplete compared to an automated data aggregation platform. Significant events were underrepresented by the conventional EHR, regardless of event duration. Enrichment of the EHR with automated data aggregation capabilities may improve representation of patient condition
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic, Spectrofluorimetric Assays of Canagliflozin, and Stability-Indicating UV-Spectrophotometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Canagliflozin and Metformin
Authors: Elnadi Sarah , Abdalsabour Samah , Farouk Maha , Trabik Yossra A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundGreen Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, using potassium bromide (KBr) disc technique, eliminates the consumption of hazardous chemicals. Spectrofluorimetry for drugs that have native fluorescence. Mean centering of ratio spectra (MCRS) analysing overlapped spectra without preliminary separation.ObjectiveThree simple, accurate, and sensitive methods have been developed and validated for the determination of canagliflozin (CANA); one is a stability-indicating method for CANA and metformin (MET) determination.MethodsMethod A is FTIR using a KBr disc for CANA determination measuring alkyl halide C–F peak area centered on 1230/cm. Method B is spectrofluorimetry using Δ λ = 50 nm synchronous mode at a peak maximum of 291.8 nm for CANA determination using methanol as solvent. Method C is a stability-indicating MCRS method measuring the peak amplitude of CANA and MET at 306.2 and 246.6 nm, respectively, in their mixture with complete CANA oxidation degradation.ResultsThe linear ranges were: FTIR spectroscopy, 1.50–24.70 μg/mg CANA; spectrofluorimetry, 100.00–600.00 ng/mL CANA; and MCRS, 1.00–25.00 μg/mL CANA and 1–30 μg/mL MET.ConclusionAll results were statistically compared with a reported method: no significant difference was observed.HighlightsThe proposed methods can be used efficiently for routine analysis in QC laboratories. A green FTIR method utilizes only one reagent, KBr. Spectrofluorimetry using a constant wavelength synchronous scan of CANA native fluorescence in nanogram concentrations overcomes conventional excitation/emission spectra drawbacks and proves that the solvent effect in the fluorescence intensity differs according to concentration used. Stability-indicating MCRS determines the studied drugs in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations, accelerated and long-term stability study samples.
Simultaneous Quantitation of Paracetamol and Lornoxicam in the Presence of Five Related Substances and Toxic Impurities by a Selective HPLC–DAD Method
Authors: El-Yazbi Amira F , Guirguis Karin M , Bedair Mona M , Belal Tarek S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
This research describes the simultaneous quantitation of paracetamol (PRM) and lornoxicam (LRX) with five of their related substances and toxic impurities, including, 4-nitrophenol (NTP), 4-aminophenol (AMP), 4-chloroacetanilide (CAC), N-phenylacetamide (NPA), and 2-aminopyridine (APD) using a specific HPLC–diode array detector (DAD) method.

Methods
The chromatographic separation involves the use of a XTerra C18 column as the stationary phase and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.025 M phosphate buffer (pH 6). The separation was performed using gradient elution mode at 1.0 mL/min flow rate and detection at 260 nm for the determination of PRM and LRX. For detecting PRM and LRX in the presence of their toxic impurities, 270 nm was used. Validation of the suggested HPLC method was accomplished with regard to linearity, ranges, detection and quantitation limits, robustness, accuracy, precision, and specificity.

Results
Excellent resolution of the mixture components was accomplished at retention times 4.2, 4.8, 7.4, 11.1, 13.5, 14.7, and 15.3 min for APD, AMP, PRM, NPA, LRX, NTP, and CAC, respectively. Linearity was established for PRM and LRX within concentration ranges of 10–100 and 10–60 µg/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficients obtained were &gt;0.9997. The suggested method was confirmed to be a specific stability-indicating through the selective separation of PRM and LRX from their related substances, degradants, and impurities.

Conclusion
The proposed method was successfully utilized for the sensitive and selective determination of PRM and LRX in their pharmaceutical formulation.

Highlights
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first impurity profiling assay method for this combination in the presence of five of their toxic related substances and impurities. Taking into consideration that at least two of the studied impurities (AMP and APD) are actually reported degradation products for the main drugs, the suggested method can be considered stability-indicating as well.
A Comprehensive and Spatially Explicit Regional Vulnerability Assessment of the Forest Industry to Climate Change
Authors: Soucy Alyssa , Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran Parinaz , De Urioste-Stone Sandra , Weiskittel Aaron , Duveneck Matthew J , McGreavy Bridie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe conducted a spatially explicit vulnerability assessment of the forest industry in Maine, USA, to climate change in an effort to (1) advance a spatial framework for assessing forest industry vulnerability and (2) increase our understanding of Maine’s specific vulnerabilities to climate change in order to guide decision-making. We applied a bottom-up indicator approach to evaluate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to climate change using both biophysical and social indicators, largely driven by participatory processes. Our approach enabled us to synthesize and aggregate indicators of regional importance to evaluate vulnerability, allowing us to simultaneously examine combinations of potential changes. We found that each Maine county had its own unique combination of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indicators, with overall vulnerability highest in the rural northern and western parts of the state, where forest industry activities are most prevalent. However, results also indicate that although increased stress from climate-related changes can negatively affect Maine’s forest via high exposure, reduced sensitivities and increased adaptive capacity have the potential to largely decrease overall vulnerability in many parts of the state.
Measurements and determinants of children’s exposure to background gamma radiation in Switzerland
Authors: Folly Christophe L , Mazzei-Abba Antonella , Coste Astrid , Kreis Christian , Spycher Ben D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Epidemiological studies of children’s cancer risks associated with background gamma radiation exposure have used geographic exposure models to estimate exposure at their locations of residence. We measured personal exposure to background gamma radiation, and we investigated the extent to which it was associated with children’s whereabouts. We collected data on whereabouts and exposure to background gamma radiation over a 5-day period among children aged 4–15 years in Switzerland. We used D-Shuttle dosimeters to measure children’s exposure, and we asked parents to write their children’s activities in diaries. We used Poisson mixed-effects and linear regression models to investigate the association of hourly and overall doses, respectively, with children’s reported whereabouts. During the observed time, 149 participating children spent 66% indoors at home; 19% indoors away from home; and 15% outdoors. The mean personal exposure was 85.7 nSv/h (range 52.3 nSv/h–145 nSv/h). Exposure was 1.077 (95% CI 1.067, 1.087) times higher indoors than outdoors and varied by building material and (predicted) outdoor dose rates. Our study provides detailed information about children’s patterns of exposure to background gamma radiation in Switzerland. Dwelling building materials and outdoor dose rates are important determinants of children’s exposure. Future epidemiological studies may benefit from including information about building materials.
European hospitals as source of multidrug-resistant bacteria: analysis of travellers screened in Finland after hospitalization abroad
Authors: Kajova Mikael , Khawaja Tamim , Kantele Anu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
As hospitals have a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), hospitalization abroad indicates for travellers an increased risk of acquiring MDRO—and carrying the strains home. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates are highest in the (sub)tropics, whereas Europe is considered a lower risk region. Since AMR prevalences vary within Europe, we aimed to gather country-specific data on the risks for hospitalized travellers.

Methods
At hospitals of the Helsinki and Uusimaa district in Finland, patients hospitalized abroad over the past 12 months are systematically screened for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), carbapenemase-producing bacteria and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). Among patients screened 2010–19, we selected those hospitalized in Europe, recorded their MDRO findings, infections and mortality, and analysed MDRO-associated risk factors.

Results
Of the 1772 patients treated in 41 European countries, 16.6% (295) carried MDRO, 12.5% (221) ESBL-PE, 7.8% (138) solely ESBL-E. coli, 2.6% (46) MRSA, 2.2% (30) of those screened VRE and 2.2% (39) carbapenem-resistant Gram-negatives. Among those colonized, 9.8% (29) had symptomatic MDRO infections and 0.3% (one) died. Colonization was most frequently recorded for those treated in eastern and southern Europe, with Bulgaria, Cyprus and the Russian Federation scoring highest. MDRO colonization was associated with antibiotic treatment and showed a negative correlation with time from discharge to screening.

Conclusions
After hospitalization in European countries, ESBL-PE carriage was relatively common (12.5%), while other MDROs proved less frequent (&lt;5%). Antibiotic treatment and short time since hospitalization abroad increased the risk of MDRO colonization. Clear differences between countries and regions were revealed, with highest rates in the east and the south.
Finding magnetic north: an extraordinary magnetic field detection in Polaris and first results of a magnetic survey of classical Cepheids
Authors: Barron J A , Wade G A , Evans N R , Folsom C P , Neilson H R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Classical Cepheids are essential objects in the study of stellar evolution and cosmology; however, we know little about their magnetic properties. We report the detection of Stokes V features interpreted as Zeeman signatures in four classical Cepheids using high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations obtained with ESPaDOnS at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. Eight observations of η Aql were acquired in 2017 covering its 7.2 d pulsation period, and single observations of Polaris, ζ Gem, δ Cep, and RT Aur were obtained in 2020 as part of our ongoing systematic survey. We use mean circular polarization Stokes V profiles generated using the least-squares deconvolution procedure to diagnose Zeeman signatures and measure mean longitudinal field strengths 〈Bz〉. We detect magnetic signatures across all pulsation phases of η Aql (−0.89 ± 0.47 G$\, \lt \langle B_{z}\rangle \lt 1.27\pm 0.40$ G), as well as in the single observations of Polaris (0.59 ± 0.16 G), ζ Gem (0.41 ± 0.16 G), and δ Cep (0.43 ± 0.19 G). The Stokes V profile of Polaris is detected at extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and implies a complex magnetic field topology. It stands in stark contrast to all other detected Stokes V profiles, which show unusual approximately unipolar positive circular polarization lobes analogous to those observed in some Am stars.
Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages
Authors: Karmin Monika , Flores Rodrigo , Saag Lauri , Hudjashov Georgi , Brucato Nicolas , Crenna-Darusallam Chelzie , Larena Maximilian , Endicott Phillip L , Jakobsson Mattias , Lansing J Stephen , Sudoyo Herawati , Leavesley Matthew , Metspalu Mait , Ricaut François-Xavier , Cox Murray P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and Oceania host one of the world’s richest assemblages of human phenotypic, linguistic, and cultural diversity. Despite this, the region’s male genetic lineages are globally among the last to remain unresolved. We compiled ∼9.7 Mb of Y chromosome (chrY) sequence from a diverse sample of over 380 men from this region, including 152 first reported here. The granularity of this data set allows us to fully resolve and date the regional chrY phylogeny. This new high-resolution tree confirms two main population bursts: multiple rapid diversifications following the region’s initial settlement ∼50 kya, and extensive expansions &lt;6 kya. Notably, ∼40–25 kya the deep rooting local lineages of C-M130, M-P256, and S-B254 show almost no further branching events in ISEA, New Guinea, and Australia, matching a similar pause in diversification seen in maternal mitochondrial DNA lineages. The main local lineages start diversifying ∼25 kya, at the time of the last glacial maximum. This improved chrY topology highlights localized events with important historical implications, including pre-Holocene contact between Mainland and ISEA, potential interactions between Australia and the Papuan world, and a sustained period of diversification following the flooding of the ancient Sunda and Sahul continents as the insular landscape observed today formed. The high-resolution phylogeny of the chrY presented here thus enables a detailed exploration of past isolation, interaction, and change in one of the world’s least understood regions.
Product Life Cycle, Learning, and Nominal Shocks
Authors: Argente David , Yeh Chen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article documents a new set of stylized facts on how pricing moments depend on product age and emphasizes how this heterogeneity is crucial for the amplification of nominal shocks to the real economy. Exploiting information from a unique panel containing billions of transactions in the US consumer goods sector, we show that our empirical findings are consistent with a narrative in which firms face demand uncertainty and learn through prices. Such a mechanism of active learning from prices can strongly influence an economy’s aggregate price level and can thus be important for assessing the degree of monetary non-neutrality. To quantify this, we build a general equilibrium menu cost model with active learning and exogenous entry that features heterogeneity in pricing moments over the life cycle of products. Under this setup, firms engage in active learning to deal with uncertainty on their demand curves. Firms choose prices not only to maximize static profits but also to create signals to obtain valuable information on their demand. In the calibrated version of our model, the cumulative real effects of a nominal shock are approximately three times as large compared to a standard price-setting model. The main intuition behind this result is that active learning weakens the selection effect. Price changes are mainly determined by forces of active learning and, hence, become more orthogonal to aggregate shocks, which reduces the aggregate price flexibility of the economy.
Application of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Structural Brain Images in Chronic Schizophrenia to Earlier Clinical Stages of Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multiprotocol Imaging Dataset Study
Authors: Zhu Yinghan , Nakatani Hironori , Yassin Walid , Maikusa Norihide , Okada Naohiro , Kunimatsu Akira , Abe Osamu , Kuwabara Hitoshi , Yamasue Hidenori , Kasai Kiyoto , Okanoya Kazuo , Koike Shinsuke 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Machine learning approaches using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be informative for disease classification; however, their applicability to earlier clinical stages of psychosis and other disease spectra is unknown. We evaluated whether a model differentiating patients with chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ) from healthy controls (HCs) could be applied to earlier clinical stages such as first-episode psychosis (FEP), ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).

Study Design
Total 359 T1-weighted MRI scans, including 154 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum (UHR, n = 37; FEP, n = 24; and ChSZ, n = 93), 64 with ASD, and 141 HCs, were obtained using three acquisition protocols. Of these, data regarding ChSZ (n = 75) and HC (n = 101) from two protocols were used to build a classifier (training dataset). The remainder was used to evaluate the classifier (test, independent confirmatory, and independent group datasets). Scanner and protocol effects were diminished using ComBat.

Study Results
The accuracy of the classifier for the test and independent confirmatory datasets were 75% and 76%, respectively. The bilateral pallidum and inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis strongly contributed to classifying ChSZ. Schizophrenia spectrum individuals were more likely to be classified as ChSZ compared to ASD (classification rate to ChSZ: UHR, 41%; FEP, 54%; ChSZ, 70%; ASD, 19%; HC, 21%).

Conclusion
We built a classifier from multiple protocol structural brain images applicable to independent samples from different clinical stages and spectra. The predictive information of the classifier could be useful for applying neuroimaging techniques to clinical differential diagnosis and predicting disease onset earlier.