bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian Rural Lands and Shortages of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: July 2022

Context and Aim:
The shortage of healthcare professionals in rural areas contributes toward discriminatory healthcare delivery. The present study was planned with similar intent and aimed to evaluate the perception of dental students regarding their future in rural areas.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was designed as a cross-sectional study comprising a 30-item questionnaire survey instrument distributed among a total of 550 dental students, while the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Independent Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison among the variables, while Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
No significant difference was observed in the attitudes based on gender (P = 0.43), though a statistically significant difference was observed in the attitude of students based on the year of their education with a positive attitude toward rural dental practice generally noted in the 1st-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery students, which significantly declined with the increasing level of education (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Dental students are more influenced by the negative aspects of rural dental practice though they have, in their mind, a positive approach to the same at the beginning of their education, this significantly declined with the increasing level of their education.
Assessment of Knowledge about Nanotechnology in Dentistry amongst Dental Post Graduate Students in India
Authors: Dharmatti Shweta , Bargale Seema , Dave Bhavna , Deshpande Anshula Neeraj , Khandelwal Jayesh Rupesh , Jain Sejal 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Nanodentistry is one of the most emerging and widely expanding branches in the field of dentistry. The maintenance of near perfect oral health through the use of nanomaterials, biotechnology, including tissue engineering, and nanorobotics can be made possible.

Aim:
The present study aimed to assess the knowledge about nanotechnology in dentistry among postgraduate dental students in India on the basis of questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
A structured 20 questionnaire was validated by subject experts in the field of dentistry. The postgraduate students in the field of dentistry in India were approached and were provided with the validated questionnaire for an online survey. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among various postgraduate dental students across India, which evaluated 328 students in total. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out in the present study.

Results:
On assessing the data statistically, out of 328 participants, 44.80% were from I MDS, 35.40% were from II MDS, and 19.80% were from III MDS. The postgraduate dental students in India had adequate knowledge regarding fourteen out of twenty questions. The students, however, did not have adequate knowledge regarding six questions which comprised history, tools, and techniques about nanotechnology in dentistry.

Conclusion:
The study was able to assess that postgraduate dental students in India had adequate knowledge regarding nanomaterials used in dentistry; however, knowledge regarding techniques and tools in nanotechnology was not satisfactory.
Sonography, Color Doppler, and Power Doppler Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses with Pathological Correlation
Authors: Jain Soumya , Phatak Suresh Vasant 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The study was performed to analyze the accuracy of each of the techniques used in ultrasonography of breast in differentiating benign and malignant masses of the breast. The techniques under evaluation were B-mode, color Doppler, and power Doppler.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 240 female patients who were clinically suspected to have a breast mass. The patients were referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, AVBRH, where they underwent ultrasonography with Aloka Hitachi USG Machine Arietta S70 with high-frequency linear probe (12–15 MHz) followed by Doppler assessment.

Results:
Of 240 patients that were included in the study, histologically, 73 (30.4%) patients were diagnosed with breast carcinoma, 167 (69.6%) were diagnosed with benign breast lesions. Gray scale ultrasonography had the highest accuracy with sensitivity of 90.4%, specificity of 92.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 84.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.68%, followed by color Doppler having sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 87.1%, PPV of 87.69%, and NPV of 88.5%. Power Doppler had sensitivity of 82.19%, specificity of 89.22%, PPV of 76.9%, and NPV of 91.98%. The combined sensitivity and NPV of sonography, spectral color Doppler and power Doppler were found to be more, i.e., 91.78% and 95.97%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Breast malignancy is a very prevalent and common issue in India as well as in the rest of the world. Sonography has proven to be more accurate in differentiating benign from malignant masses of the breast. Color Doppler and power Doppler findings in conjunction with gray scale ultrasonography findings can help in early detection and give a better understanding of the type of lesion based on the tissue vascularity. This could also be used as an effective first-look screening tool to assess patients who are at high risk for breast carcinomas.
Key Food Hygiene Behaviors to Reduce Microbial Contamination of Complementary Foods in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Müller-Hauser Anna A. , Sobhan Shafinaz , Huda Tarique Md. Nurul , Waid Jillian L. , Wendt Amanda S. , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Rahman Mahbubur , Gabrysch Sabine 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Microbial contamination of complementary foods puts young children at risk of developing intestinal infections and could be reduced by improved handwashing and food hygiene practices. We aimed to identify which promoted food hygiene practices are associated with reduced complementary food contamination in a rural population in Bangladesh. We collected cross-sectional data on reported and observed maternal food hygiene behaviors and measured Escherichia coli counts as an indicator of microbial contamination in complementary food samples from 342 children of women enrolled in the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition trial in Sylhet, Bangladesh. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations of food hygiene behaviors with food contamination. Approximately 46% of complementary food samples had detectable levels of Escherichia coli. Handwashing with soap at critical times and fresh preparation of food before feeding were strongly associated with reduced odds of food sample contamination (odds ratio [OR]: 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6–0.9 and OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7, respectively); in contrast, there was no or only weak evidence that reheating of stored food, safe food storage, and cleanliness of feeding utensils reduced contamination. Reduction in food contamination could be more than halved only when several food hygiene behaviors were practiced in combination. In conclusion, single food hygiene practices showed limited potential and a combined practice of multiple food hygiene behaviors may be needed to achieve a substantial reduction of complementary food contamination.
Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services and Other Preventive Measures against COVID-19 among People with Disabilities, Dodoma, Tanzania
Authors: Mohamed Hussein , Wamera Elizabeth , Malima Wilhelmina 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities is a great concern in developing countries. During COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, in addition to other preventive measures the government of Tanzania invested heavily on handwashing facilities in public places. However, the interventions were mostly for the general population. A big question was the appropriateness of the preventive measures to address different kinds of disabilities. The study was conducted to assess access to WASH and other preventive measures against COVID-19 among people with disabilities. This was a qualitative study where a total of 16 key informant interviews and nine focus group discussions were conducted. The study was carried out in seven districts of Dodoma region, Tanzania. Findings show that there were inadequate WASH and other COVID-19 preventive measures designed specifically for people with disabilities against the pandemic. Many people with disabilities experienced challenges in accessing adequate water for handwashing and using handwashing facilities installed for general population. Also they received inadequate health education and timely communication on COVID-19 preventive measures in addition to challenges in keeping distance and accessing and use of face masks and sanitizers. People with mobility, hearing, and vision impairments were mostly affected. There was no representation of people with disability at the national COVID-19 task force. Specific programs for people with disabilities to address access to WASH and other preventive measures against COVID-19 would address most of the identified challenges.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Brucella Infections in Jordan
Authors: Obaidat Mohammad M. , Malania Lile , Arner Ryan J. , Roess Amira A. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease and is endemic in several regions of the world. This study is aimed to determine the nationwide spatial distribution, seroprevalence, and risk factors for Brucella infections in Jordan. Serum samples of 938 individuals from 11 governorates were tested for Brucella spp. antibodies using Rose Bengal and Brucellacapt® tests. A validated questionnaire was used to collect demographic, animal ownership, and food consumption data. The seroprevalence of Brucella infection in Jordan’s population was 6.7% (95% CI, 5.2–8.5%). The multivariate model showed that location of residence, consuming raw milk/milk products, and owning small ruminants (goat and/or sheep) were significantly associated with seropositivity after controlling for age and gender. Individuals living in the northern Badia region had 8.82 greater odds (95% CI, 4.56–17.03) of seropositivity than individuals living in the Middle region of the country. Individuals who reported consumption of raw milk/milk products had 3.7 higher odds (95% CI, 2.01–6. 81) of seropositivity compared with individuals not consuming raw milk/milk products. In addition, individuals who own small ruminants (goat and/or sheep) had 2.14 higher odds (95% CI, 1.11–4.12) of seropositivity compared with individuals who do not own small ruminants. The identified geographic hotspots and small ruminants’ ownership, risk of raw milk products highlight the need for tailored training, education campaigns, and resources for controlling brucellosis in Jordan.
Evaluation of Adherence of Health-Care Workers to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guidelines in the Context of the Free Care Program in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kpoda Hervé B. N. , Somé Satouro Arsène , Somda Manituo Aymar Serge , Yara Mimbouré , Dabone Bernard Eric Agodio , Ilboudo Patrick , Bakyono Richard , Ouangraoua Soumeya , Sie Ali , Kabré Elie , Meda Clément , Sempore Emmanuelle , Yaro Seydou , Simboro Imelda , Sakana Leticia , Hien Alain , Bazie Herman , Badolo Hermamn , Ilboudo Bernard , Sanon Souleymane , Meda Nicolas , Hien Hervé 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
To reduce child mortality in children younger than 5 years, Burkina Faso has been offering free care to this population of children since 2016. The free care program is aligned with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines. Given that the number of studies that evaluated the competence of health-care workers (HCWs) during the free care program was limited, we assessed the adherence level of HCWs to the IMCI guidelines in the context of free care. This was a secondary data analysis. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted from July to September 2020 in 40 primary health-care centers and two district hospitals in the Hauts-Bassins region in Burkina Faso. Our analysis included 419 children younger than 5 years old who were consulted according to IMCI guidelines. Data were collected through direct observation using a checklist. The overall score of adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines was 57.8% (95% CI, 42.6–73.0). The mean adherence score of the evaluation of danger signs was 71.9% (95% CI, 58.7–85.1). The mean adherence score of following IMCI guidelines was significantly greater in boys (54.2%) compared with girls (44.6%; P < 0.001). Adherence scores of the performance of different IMCI tasks were significantly different across HCW categories. The overall adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines in the context of free care was greater than the adherence reported before the implementation of free care in Burkina Faso. However, this assessment needs to be performed nationwide to capture the overall adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines in the context of the free care program.
Current Trends in Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality: Experiences from a Tertiary Center in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Fajolu Iretiola Bamikeolu , Satrom Katherine Megan , Ezenwa Beatrice Nkolika , Kein Angela Christine , Slusher Tina Marye , Ezeaka Veronica Chinyere 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Neonatal mortality is a major contributor to under-five mortality, and Nigeria has the second-highest number of neonatal deaths globally. The country has introduced evidence-based interventions to improve newborn care over the years. The aim of this study was to determine the current trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, monitor progress over time, and identify areas for improvement. The admission registers and case files of all the neonatal ward admissions were reviewed from January 2018 to April 2020; the age at admission, gestational age, sex, inborn or out-born status, diagnosis, and outcome were recorded and analyzed. Of the 2,959 admissions during the study period, 68.4% were out-born and 77.9% were term gestation infants. The most common diagnoses were neonatal jaundice (NNJ; 28.4%), infection (28.0%), prematurity with associated complications (22.1%), and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE; 18.2%). The overall mortality rate was 17.6%. Prematurity with associated complications (39.2%), HIE (24.8%), congenital anomalies (CAs; 12.7%), and NNJ (11.5%) were the most common conditions associated with mortality. Of those who died, the most common diagnoses among term infants were HIE (40.7%), CAs (21.8%), NNJ (18.9%), and infection (15.5%); respiratory distress syndrome (52.4%), infection (31.8%), and CAs (7.8%) were the most common diagnoses in preterm infants. The high risk of mortality with HIE, jaundice, infections, and CAs in this cohort reflects the national figures and trends. Efforts to improve neonatal care, especially respiratory support and education of the populace on NNJ, should be intensified to reduce neonatal mortality in the country.
Temporal Dynamics of Subclinical Malaria in Different Transmission Zones of Myanmar
Authors: Egger Joseph R. , Han Kay T. , Fang Huang , Zhou Xiao Nong , Hlaing Tin M. , Thant Myo , Han Zay Y. , Wang Xiao X. , Hong Tu , Platt Alyssa , Simmons Ryan , Thane Thynn K. , Meng Manfred , Hogue Joyce , Markwalter Christine F. , Thi Aung , Htay Thura , Thein Zaw W. , Paing Aye K. , Tun Zin M. , Oo Swai M. , Aung Poe P. , Nyunt Myaing M. , Plowe Christopher V. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion have committed to eliminate Plasmodium falciparum malaria by 2025. Subclinical malaria infections that can be detected by highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in asymptomatic individuals represent a potential impediment to this goal, although the extent to which these low-density infections contribute to transmission is unclear. To understand the temporal dynamics of subclinical malaria in this setting, a cohort of 2,705 participants from three epidemiologically distinct regions of Myanmar was screened for subclinical P. falciparum and P. vivax infection using ultrasensitive PCR (usPCR). Standard rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for P. falciparum were also performed. Individuals who tested positive for malaria by usPCR were followed for up to 12 weeks. Regression analysis was performed to estimate whether the baseline prevalence of infection and the count of repeated positive tests were associated with demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. At enrollment, the prevalence of subclinical malaria infection measured by usPCR was 7.7% (1.5% P. falciparum monoinfection, 0.3% mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax, and 6.0% P. vivax monoinfection), while P. falciparum prevalence measured by RDT was just 0.2%. Prevalence varied by geography and was higher among older people and in those with outdoor exposure and travel. No difference was observed in either the prevalence or count of subclinical infection by time of year, indicating that even in low-endemicity areas, a reservoir of subclinical infection persists year-round. If low-density infections are shown to represent a significant source of transmission, identification of high-risk groups and locations may aid elimination efforts.
Case Report: Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Catheterization and Microwave Ablation of a Bone Hydatid Cyst with Soft-Tissue Component
Authors: Akhan Okan , Yildiz Oguzhan , Unal Emre , Yildiz Adalet Elcin , Ciftci Turkmen Turan , Akinci Devrim 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) of the bone is a rare disease compared with CE of the viscera, and the most involved bony structures are the spine and the pelvis. Both the diagnosis and the treatment of bone CE are challenging for several reasons. The combination of surgery and antimicrobial therapy is the most common approach, the results are far from adequate. Luckily, percutaneous treatment has appeared on the horizon for bone lesions as a more practical option with fewer drawbacks in light of current reports. This article deals with the successful result of ablation-assisted percutaneous treatment of a bone CE lesion and a soft tissue CE lesion treated by modified catheterization technique in a male patient with left hip pain that was unresponsive to previous surgery for CE.
Glutensiz Beslenen Hasta ve Sağlıklı Yetişkinlerin Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının ve Kaygı Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BEKTAŞ Şura , ÖZTÜRK İclal , KARAOĞLU Sevde Zülfiye 
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, glutensiz beslenen hasta (glutene duyarlı) ve sağlıklı yetişkinlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve kaygı düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve karşılaştırmalı özelliklere sahip bu çalışma 18-60 yaş arası 57 sağlıklı, 37 çölyak hastası, 14 çölyak olmayan gluten duyarlılığı olan ve altı buğday alerjisi olan, glutensiz beslenen toplam 114 yetişkin ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, online anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Kaygı düzeylerinin tespiti için Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Sağlıklı katılımcılar, glutene duyarlı katılımcılardan daha sık sebze, meyve, pirinç, mısır, kinoa, chia tohumu, karabuğday ve glutensiz ürün tüketmektedir (p
Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica (HLH) en pediatría; nuevas opciones terapéuticas.
Authors: Chamba Cruz Valeria Elsy , Borja Aliz 
Published: July 2022

Resumen
Introducción: La Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica (HLH) es una patología con alta tasa de mortalidad, que se caracteriza por presentar una clínica variable con rápido progreso a fallo multiorgánico sin una incidencia clara reportada a nivel de Latinoamérica, probablemente por la falta de sospecha diagnóstica, su desencadenante ocasiona una respuesta inmune exagerada con tormenta de citocinas responsables del cuadro clínico. Actualmente se maneja el tratamiento conforme a lo establecido en el protocolo HLH 1994- 2004, no obstante nuevas investigaciones en la última década se han realizado con agentes terapéuticos menos agresivos.
Objetivo: Actualizar la literatura y nuevas opciones terapéuticas sobre la Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocitica.
Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en base de datos como: PUBMED, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, se obtuvo artículos de revistas médicas como: THE JOURNAL OF INMUNOLOGY, BMC PEDIATRICS, PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY, JOURNAL OF MEDICAL, BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES etc.
Resultados: La terapia establecida por la Histiocyte Society en el estudio HLH-2004 se mantiene como la terapia estándar para la Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica, si se confirma la co-infección por virus de Epstein Barr el anticuerpo monoclonal CD20 -Rituximab debe ser iniciado, la terapia inmunomoduladora presentó resultados favorables, no obstante faltan estudios en poblaciones más grandes para establecer su uso como terapia inicial, sin embargo se podría utilizar como terapia coadyuvante.
Conclusiones: La Linfohistiocitosis Hemofagocítica es una patología con alta tasa de mortalidad, la sospecha diagnóstica e inicio temprano del tratamiento mejora la tasa de supervivencia.
ABILITY DAN WILLINGNESS TO PAY IURAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL PADA PEKERJA INFORMAL DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Citra Dewiyani A.A. Istri , Fadila Rizki , Ardhiasti Anggi 
Published: July 2022

Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional merupakan program pemerintah Indonesia yang mengamanatkan bahwa jaminan sosial bersifat wajib bagi seluruh penduduk Indonesia melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan. Sampai November 2020, jumlah peserta JKN di Indonesia mencapai 223.470.668 jiwa atau 83% dari penduduk Indonesia. Padahal pada tahun 2019 diharapkan seluruh penduduk sudah terlindungi program JKN. Selain itu, masalah yang dihadapi BPJS Kesehatan adalah banyak peserta JKN yang menunggak pembayaran iuran terutama peserta segmen mandiri. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan salah satu alasan banyak penduduk belum mendaftar menjadi peserta JKN adalah merasa tidak mampumembayar iuran. Demikian peserta JKN yang menunggak iuran karena tidak mampu membayar iuran. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung besar kemampuan dan kemauan membayar iuran JKN bagi pekerja informal di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik kuantitatif yang dilakukan di Kota Malang. Berdasarkan perhitungan sampel rumus Slovin, sampel minimal penelitian ini adalah 100 sampel. Tetapi penelitian ini menggunakan 174 sampel yang diambil non randomized sampling, yaitu menggunakan quota sampling sampai tercapai 174 sampel. Uji yang digunakan adalah univariat untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian serta uji analitik untuk membandingkan besaran ATP dan WTP iuran JKN pekerja informal di Kota Malang. Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, kemampuan membayar iuran JKN bagi pekerja informal di Kota Malang rata-rata sebesar Rp. 131.661 tetapi kemauan membayarnya hanya berkisar rata-rata sebesar Rp. 35.490.