bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Bifidobacterium breve, Bif195, employing a human exercise-induced intestinal permeability model: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial
Authors: Engel S. , Mortensen B. , Wellejus A. , Vera-Jimenez N. , Struve C. , Brummer R.J. , Damholt A. , Woods T. , Shanahan F. 
Published: July 2022

We have previously shown that the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve strain Bif195 alleviates mucosal injury including ulcer formation in the upper intestine induced by non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Here, we report additional safety use of Bif195 in 126 healthy humans undergoing an exercise-induced intestinal permeability challenge in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomised 6-week intervention trial. Intestinal permeability was assessed by urinary lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) ratio. L/R ratio, plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) questionnaire were measured resting and after a 1 h treadmill challenge, prior to and at the end of the intervention. To be able to compare the equivalence of resting state at baseline, of this cohort of well-trained subjects, to non-trained subjects, a cohort of 63 healthy and non-trained subjects (<2 h/week of endurance sports) was included. Study subjects (well-trained) were 35.7% women with a mean age and body mass index (in kg/m2) of 35.0 years and 24.8, respectively. There were no differences between the Bif195 and placebo groups in effects on L/R ratio, I-FABP and GSRS questionnaire score. In addition, there were no differences between Bif195 and placebo in number of adverse events and change in cytokines, liver or kidney biomarkers. The exercise model successfully induced intestinal permeability by statistically significantly increasing L/R ratio by ~100% (P<0.0001) and cytokines after the exercise challenge. No significant difference was found between well-trained and non-trained subjects in baseline resting L/R ratio. In conclusion, the reported cytoprotective effects of Bif195 are unlikely to be primarily related to small bowel permeability, and the safety of Bif195 in individuals with increased permeability is supported by the present data.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03027583
Los espacios comerciales en la periferia de la ciudad de Murcia: Transformaciones espaciales y consecuencias en su área de influencia y jerarquía urbana regional
Authors: Morales Yago Francisco José 
Published: July 2022

Murcia es una las ciudades españolas que presenta más altos índices de m2 de espacios comerciales/habitante, la proliferación de este tipo de establecimientos ha originado importantes modificaciones urbanísticas que han transformado el espacio, creando mejores condiciones de accesibilidad y conectividad entre los propios núcleos y espacios periféricos en donde se suelen instalar este tipo de establecimientos que requieren grandes superficies al tratarse de edificios generalmente de escaso desarrollo vertical y con importantes necesidades de aparcamiento en superficie o subterráneo gratuito. A ello se une la necesidad en la mejora de los transportes colectivos que den servicio a la población que se desplaza a los mismos. Este trabajo analiza a través de datos estadísticos fiables y una cartografía evolutiva la masiva concentración de establecimientos en la ciudad de Murcia, lo que ha dado como resultado el cambio de usos de suelo, antes de huerta y eriales, la creación de nuevas vías de comunicación incluido el tranvía o el aumento de atracción de la ciudad en relación a su área de influencia y jerarquía tanto a nivel regional como entre las provincias limítrofes de Alicante, Albacete y Almería. Se comprueba saturación o exceso en el ofrecimiento de m2 de superficie alquilable lo que necesariamente está dando lugar a reajustes en los espacios, cierres de locales o cambios de funcionalidad, por tanto, se precisa una nueva planificación en la ordenación territorial y la recuperación del equilibrio comercial entre la ciudad de Murcia y el resto de municipios que componen este espacio geográfico.
La célébration du pouvoir impérial et son inscription dans l’espace de l’Vrbs sous le Haut-Empire
Authors: Rosso Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2022

Cette contribution propose un bilan sur les différentes approches qui ont renouvelé, au cours des dernières décennies, notre compréhension de la présence et de la « représentation » impériales dans l’Vrbs, entre « auto-célébration », hommages et culte impérial, depuis les manifestations liées au calendrier festif ou institutionnel jusqu’aux expressions figuratives et monumentales mettant en scène l’empereur et sa domus. Parmi les principales figurent un intérêt accru pour la manière dont les manifestations éphémères ou indirectes de l’hommage installent l’idéologie impériale dans la Ville et la transforment, ainsi qu’une lecture de l’espace urbain comme lieu d’une mémoire spécifiquement impériale, cumulant références aux héritages grec et républicain et construction de véritables conservatoires de l’histoire des dynasties successives, fortement liés à la consecratio des empereurs. Enfin une meilleure prise en compte de la multiplicité des media et des acteurs engagés dans ces célébrations – commanditaires, mais aussi destinataires et spectateurs – a permis une réévaluation critique des notions de « propagande » et « d’apparat monarchique » à partir du cadre spécifique de l’Vrbs.
Ingested (Oral) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Inhibits IL-17 in the Central Nervous System in the Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Dittel Landon J , Dittel Bonnie N , Brod Staley A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS that resembles multiple sclerosis and provides a useful animal model for the evaluation of mechanisms of action for potential immunomodulatory therapies. We have previously shown that oral adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreased IL-17 in the gut lamina propria and the spleen and increased CD4+ Foxp3+ T regulatory cells and IL-10 in the spleen during EAE in the C57BL/6 mouse. However, we did not investigate the specific cellular alterations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the CNS. The aim was to determine if oral ACTH would have a similar clinical effect on inflammatory cytokines in the gut and define specific cellular effects in the CNS in an alternative strain of mice. SJL/J mice were immunized with proteolipid protein peptide 138–151 and gavaged with scrambled ACTH (scrambled α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) or ACTH 1–39 during ongoing disease. Ingested (oral) ACTH attenuated ongoing clinical EAE disease, decreased IL-6 production, and increased T regulatory cells in the lamina propria and decreased CD4+ and γδ IL-17 production in the CNS. Ingested ACTH attenuated EAE clinical disease by decreasing IL-6 in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and decreasing IL-17 in the CNS.
Mechanism of Wuweijiangyasan in the Treatment of Spontaneous Hypertension based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Chen Ai-Ping , Zhang Zi-Juan , Li Jing-Zhong , Zuo Ling , Cheng Ya-Xing , Deng Dong , Li Xue-Li , Ma Xiao-Yun , Man Da , Zheng Ming-Huang , Chen Jian , Wen Bo , Wang Juan , Zhou Jian-Guo , Zhao Hui-Hui 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Hypertension affects over 1 billion people globally and is the top risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Wuweijiangyasan (WWJYS), as an empirical prescription, has stable depressurization effects. This study investigated the chemical composition and pharmacodynamic effects of WWJYS in regulating the blood pressure (BP), emotion, and blood lipid of spontaneous hypertensive rats, and further explored the depressurization mechanism of WWJYS.

Materials and Methods:
This study used network pharmacology to identify the origins and predict targets of WWJYS, and artificial intelligence-based molecular docking is used to further predict targets and mechanisms. The chemical constituents of WWJYS were analyzed and identified by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS.

Results:
In the WWJYS group, the systolic BP level significantly was decreased, and the HR was stable. The irritability became stable after the 5-week treatment compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Rats' rotation tolerance time increased after 2-weeks stabilization. Compared with the model group, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein and mRNA of the WWJYS group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Network pharmacology collected 64 compounds and identified 22 potential targets of WWJYS for antihypertensive activity. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that WWJYS might regulate smooth muscle cells, affect inflammatory response and improve endothelial function through multiple pathways. The molecular docking study further supported that the target proteins have good combinations with the main active components of WWJYS.

Conclusions:
The data indicated that WWJYS had significant depressurization, analgesic, and sedative, as well as lipid-lowering effects, and the depressurization mechanism of WWJYS may function in multiple signal pathways, especially in improving blood vessel function and intervening inflammation.
Study of vitamin D3 level in Egyptian hemodialysis patients and the effect of replacement therapy
Authors: Sabry Alaa A.A. , Elazazy Mohamed , El Wahab Ahmed Abd 
Published: July 2022

Background
The ability of extrarenal tissues to convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D into 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D and its dependence on substrate levels provide the rationale for supplementing vitamin D in dialysis patients who usually have severe depletion of both calcitriol and vitamin D. The primary aim of the study was to detect serum vitamin D3 levels in a cohort of Egyptian hemodialysis patients and to check the effect of 12-week therapy of cholecalciferol on serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitamin D-naïve hemodialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Patients and methods
A total of 40 patients (25 males and 15 females) with chronic kidney disease on regular hemodialysis, attending the Nephrology Unit of internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University Hospital, during the period from January to June 2017, were included. According to laboratory investigations and clinical examination, deficient patients were treated with Devarol-S (cholecalciferol) for 3 months and then revaluated. Deficient patients received intramuscular injection of 50 000 IU monthly for 3 consecutive months.

Results
The patient group included 40 persons, comprising 27 (73%) male patients and 13 (27%) female patients. Their mean age was 47.16 ± 14.92 years. The mean dialysis duration was 4.68 ± 2.42 years. At 3 months after vitamin D replacement, significant increase in serum calcium (8.33–8.89 mg/dl), phosphorous (4.99–5.85 mg/dl), and vitamin D3 (4.01–28.43 ng/ml) levels were observed compared with pretreatment levels. There was also significant decrease in PTH level (419.30–377.20 pg/ml). After 3 months of follow-up, there were no significant changes in the levels of hemoglobin, Kt/v, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase in the study group.

Conclusions
In most patients, treatment with cholecalciferol in a 50 000 IU/month dose permits safe correction of vitamin D deficiency and control of PTH level, yet serum phosphorus should be monitored.
Vascular access thrombosis among end-stage renal disease patients with acute COVID19 infection (a retrospective cohort study)
Authors: Elmahdi Ahmed M. , Gawish Rasha I. , Shalaan Wael E. , Eldin Marwa Gamal , Gamal Nahla A. , Mabrouk Moustafa H. 
Published: July 2022

Background
According to studies, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) infection is linked to an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (TE). The frequencies of overall COVID19 thrombotic events and the influence of TE on COVID19 mortality, however, are unknown. Although respiratory symptoms are the most common symptom of the disease, evidence is growing suggesting that it is linked to coagulation system malfunction, which puts patients at risk for venous and arterial TE and higher mortality as well.

Materials and methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 50 end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis (25 patients with confirmed COVID19 infection and 25 patients without COVID19 infection) to determine the incidence of vascular access thrombosis among patients with COVID19 during a 3-month period. Risk factors for mortality and severity were considered as secondary outcomes. Patients with previous history of vascular access dysfunction were excluded from the study.

Results
In all, 24% of COVID19-positive patients (n=6) developed vascular access thrombosis during 3 months of follow-up while no one of the COVID19-negative patient developed access thrombosis. The incidence of vascular access thrombosis was statistically higher in the COVID19 positive group (p value < 0.022). The incidence of vascular access thrombosis was significantly can u please add this part : increased in patients who had lymphopenia, elevated LDH, also it was more common in patients who needed mechanical ventilation and who had severe disease

Conclusion
The incidence of vascular access thrombosis was statistically higher in the COVID19 positive group (p value < 0.022). The incidence of vascular access thrombosis was significantly can u please add this part: increased in patients who had lymphopenia, elevated LDH, also it was more common in patients who needed mechanical ventilation and who had severe disease.
Safety and efficacy of low-dose glucocorticoid regimen in the induction phase treatment of class 4, 5 lupus nephritis
Authors: Vakrani Girish P. , Tanuja Nambakam , Saba Sania 
Published: July 2022

Background
Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is known as lupus nephritis (LN). LN presents with varied renal features. Class 4 and 5 LN are traditionally treated with prolonged standard high doses of prednisolone with various immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate. These high doses of prednisolone are associated with numerous side effects. There is deficient data on the dose, duration of glucocorticoid therapy, and also paucity of data on comparison between the standard dose versus low-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Hence, this study can help in evaluating the use of low-dose glucocorticoids, its impact on renal outcome, and looking at side effects.

Materials and methods
It was a retrospective observational study conducted to look at the safety and efficacy of low-dose glucocorticoid regimen in induction phase treatment of class 4, 5 LN.

Results
On treatment, it was found that the resolution of microscopic hematuria, and improvement of low C4, and hypoalbuminemia were statistically significant in the low-dose steroid group. The resolution of proteinuria was seen in both groups and the resolution of renal failure was noted in both groups but was statistically significant in the standard dose group. Increased incidence of steroid-related complications was seen in the standard dose steroid group.

Conclusions
These findings possibly indicate that low-dose steroid therapy is good enough to treat LN with proteinuria, but a standard dose steroid is required in the presence of renal failure in LN, though increased incidence of steroid-related complications was seen in the standard dose steroid group.
Expert Consensus on Triple Combination of Glimepiride, Metformin, and Voglibose Usage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Settings
Authors: Das Ashok K. , Wangnoo Subhash K. , Chawla Rajeev , Shaikh Altamash , Bantwal Ganapathi , Kalra Pramila , Jaggi Shalini , Abhyankar Mahesh V. , Prasad Ashish , Sarda Prashant 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease affecting a huge chunk of the population globally.

Aim:
This study aimed to address the existing gaps in knowledge about the triple-drug combination and to provide guidance to the clinicians on the triple-drug combination in Indian settings.

Materials and Methods:
Doctors’ opinions (n = 2262) were recorded based on surveys and round table meetings. The National Expert Group approved a standard questionnaire that included 13 questions pertaining to T2DM management using a triple combination of glimepiride, metformin, and voglibose, which were prepared, discussed, and evaluated by the experts. After due discussions, the expert group analyzed the result and further recommendations were made and a consensus statement was derived.

Results:
Out of 2262, 1498 were consulting physicians, 358 were diabetologists, 93 were endocrinologists, 104 were cardiologists, and 209 were family physicians with focus on diabetes practice or had more than 10 years of experience from different regions from India. A strong consensus was observed for targeting postprandial hyperglycemia in the management of T2DM, which may reduce cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. The experts opined that meal pattern was the major factor affecting glycemic variability. The experts recommended early use of triple combination as it improves glycemic control (early aggressive control, beyond three oral drugs are on no benefit, ingrained). More than 90.0% of clinicians believed that this combination is cost-effective. Most agreed (32.0%) that this combination moderately reduces body weight. Additionally, it was felt that triple combination in patients with T2DM is also beneficial during Ramadan.

Conclusion:
In the present expert opinion-based consensus, most of the healthcare providers believed that triple-drug combination can potentially improve glycemic control and can delay/postpone the microvascular and CV complications. However, more multicentric studies are needed to support these recommendations.
The Reversal Model for Metabolic Syndrome (RMMS) Study
Authors: Ghosh Subhajyoti , Saboo Banshi 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Recently, attention is paid on strategies and policies to halt or reverse the forecast type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epidemic across the globe and in India. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predisposed us to T2DM along with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our study aims to develop a reversal model for people with MetS through an education program under observation. This paper will describe the design of the reversal model for metabolic syndrome (RMMS) study along with intervention strategies.

Materials and Methods:
The RMMS study is a multi-center, parallel arm, quasi-experimental study. The study will be done in western (viz., Ahmedabad) and eastern (viz., Guwahati and Dibrugarh) parts compromising 707 patients from each part. The intervention arm will be part of the “observation cum self-management education program” for a period of 6 months. The non-intervention arm will be followed up to 6 months with routine care. The analysis for the outcome will be done at the end of 6 months. The primary outcome measures will be the reversal of MetS or the components of MetS. The piloting of the study has been done after the ethical clearance, and necessary changes are also done in a proforma.

Conclusion:
The RMMS is first of its kind among Indian population to study the effectiveness of the reversal model. The results will provide insights into changes in the prevalence of the components of MetS and hence can be used as primary prevention strategies for T2DM and CVD.
The role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Verma Simran Naresh , Das Deepa Achath 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to assess the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods:
The literature was searched using MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Studies comparing fusion imaging PET/CT with other imaging modalities in the staging, identifying secondary metastasis, treatment response assessment, and follow-up of OSCC, were deemed eligible.

Results:
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. The average mean was found to be 85.47%, 78.80%, 78.50%, and 89.22% for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value, respectively. The risk of bias graph shows that there was 50% low risk of bias in selection of patients, more than 25% low risk of bias in conduct/interpretation of the index test, and > 25% risk of bias in reference standard. 18F-FDG PET/CT is a good prognostic factor for overall and progression-free survival.

Conclusion:
FDG PET/CT has a good diagnostic accuracy for identifying metastatic nodes, especially subcentimeter metastatic nodes that appear morphologically normal on CT images. PET/CT is promising in the diagnosis and evaluation of distant metastases and for identifying unknown and second primary malignancies.

Advances in Knowledge:
Fusion imaging is gaining importance with its ability to identify tumor as small as 0.5 mm and provide early diagnosis, thereby increasing quality of life of patients. PET/CT provides valuable information for therapeutic planning, therapeutic assessment, follow-up, and surveillance in the care of patients with OSCC.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography verified with computed tomography for the diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures – A prospective study
Authors: Shah Abhishek Shailesh , Kale Tejraj , Hattiholi Virupaxi , Dhabaria Husain 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography (USG) if it can be used as a primary diagnostic method for maxillofacial trauma and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of USG verified with a computed tomography (CT) scan.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a comparative prospective study that consisted of a total of 32 patients. Patients reported to the Trauma Care and Emergency Center of KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital with maxillofacial trauma during October 2018–September 2020 were included in the study. Following a CT scan, based on the inclusion criterion, the patient underwent an ultrasonographic examination of any maxillofacial fracture that had been confirmed by a CT scan to verify it. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to establish the accuracy of USG.

Results:
A total of14 sites were selected in the maxillofacial region. Out of all the 14 anatomical landmarks, nine were able to detect all the fractures on USG with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Intracapsular condyle fractures were not seen on USG. The region where all the fractures were not identified on USG was medial wall and floor of the orbit, one nondisplaced ramus fracture.

Conclusions:
The overall sensitivity observed for the diagnosis of maxillofacial fracture was 85.21% and specificity observed was 100%. In conclusion, USG can be a handy, diagnostic, additional, noninvasive, and inexpensive tool in the detection of maxillofacial fractures when compared to CT in the primary health-care center. Furthermore, studies should be conducted with a considerable amount of sample size as the literature mentions limited work regarding USG as a primary technique in maxillofacial fractures detection.