bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy with stem cells
Authors: Laurita Kenneth R. , Vasireddi Sunil K. , Mackall Judith A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman stems cells have sparked many novel strategies for treating heart disease and for elucidating their underlying mechanisms. For example, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart muscle disorder that is associated with fatal arrhythmias often occurring in healthy young adults. Fibro‐fatty infiltrate, a clinical hallmark, progresses with the disease and can develop across both ventricles. Pathogenic variants in genes have been identified, with most being responsible for encoding cardiac desmosome proteins that reside at myocyte boundaries that are critical for cell‐to‐cell coupling. Despite some understanding of the molecular signaling mechanisms associated with ARVC mutations, their relationship with arrhythmogenesis is complex and not well understood for a monogenetic disorder. This review article focuses on arrhythmia mechanisms in ARVC based on clinical and animal studies and their relationship with disease causing variants. We also discuss the ways in which stem cells can be leveraged to improve our understanding of the role cardiac myocytes, nonmyocytes, metabolic signals, and inflammatory mediators play in an early onset disease such as ARVC.
The adoption of the key performance indicators to integrate sustainability in the business strategy: A novel five‐dimensional framework
Authors: Hristov Ivo , Appolloni Andrea , Chirico Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the past few years, the role of the organization has radically changed, moved from the traditional value creation process, based on the accounting data and cost analysis, to an innovative and proactive approach, sustainability oriented. The resulting sustainable development (SD) issues and their integration in the business strategy for managing environmental complexity are more relevant than ever. Despite the growing interest of the literature related to these themes, a more in‐depth analysis on the key value drivers of sustainability, positively perceived by managers, and their integration at a business level is strongly required to support an effective SD process. Accordingly, to generate a strategic alignment in the sustainability transition process, scholars and practitioners require a clear view of the key drivers, metrics, and potential solutions. To this end, we focused on two main purposes aimed (1) to provide a sustainable key performance indicator (KPI) system useful to support decision‐making process of managers and (2) to identify how can sustainable indicators be integrated into business strategy with a view to performance improvement, suggesting future paths to analysis. In view of the research proposes addressed, based on semistructured interviews with 110 managers specialized in sustainable practices, we provided a novel five‐dimensional framework, built on a specific set of SD indexes. The model aims to provide a structured way to adequately integrate sustainability at a strategic level. The results generate a robust roadmap for future analysis in this research field.
Self‐perceived clinical competence, gender and workplace setting predict burnout among psychotherapists
Authors: Spännargård Åsa , Fagernäs Simon , Alfonsson Sven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWork‐related stress, or burnout, is elevated among healthcare staff but the specific risk factors for psychotherapists are not clear, which makes it difficult to design interventions to target this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a set of background variables and work‐related risk factors for burnout among psychotherapists. Potential protective factors such as level of education, number of years in the profession and access to clinical supervision were investigated. Symptoms of burnout were measured with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and data were collected from 327 psychotherapists. In this group, 62% reported moderate or high levels of burnout symptoms, with significantly higher levels of personal‐ and work‐related burnout than client‐related burnout. Being female, having low self‐perceived competence and working in the public sector were associated with higher levels of burnout. Other factors, such as age, work experience, level of education or having clinical supervision, were not associated with burnout after controlling for gender, perceived competence and workplace setting. These results confirm previous research that underlines the importance of perceived competence and control over one's work environment, and that women are at higher risk of burnout, possibly because of factors outside of work. The importance of perceived competence as a protective factor suggests that methods that increase therapeutic competence may play an important role in countering work‐related stress. In conclusion, there may be a need to continue to develop and integrate specific burnout prevention interventions for psychotherapists.
Ein Gartenpool im kalten Sommer – wie wird er warm?
Authors: Epple Matthias , Fischer Carola , Loza Kateryna 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie erhebliche thermische Energie, die benötigt wird, um einen kalten Gartenpool aufzuheizen, wird gewöhnlich unterschätzt. Auch in der Werbung wird meist von idealisierten oder sogar unrealistischen Bedingungen ausgegangen. Das Aufheizen durch die tägliche Sonneneinstrahlung, verbunden mit einer thermischen Isolierung der Unterseite, um das nächtliche Abkühlen zu vermeiden, ist die umweltfreundlichste Option. Alle anderen Optionen, den Pool bei kühlem Wetter aufzuheizen, sind mit einem erheblichem Energieaufwand und einem nicht zu vernachlässigenden Kohlendioxid‐Fußabdruck verbunden. Zu bedenken ist auch, dass dieser Heizaufwand in einem kühlen Sommer unter Umständen täglich anfällt. Dies führt zu einem mehr‐ und vielfachen Anfall der abgeschätzten Kosten für Portemonnaie (in Euro) und Umwelt (in Kohlendioxid).
Hippocampal interneurons are direct targets for circulating glucocorticoids
Authors: Kraus Kimberly L. , Chordia Arihant P. , Drake Austin W. , Herman James P. , Danzer Steve C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe hippocampus has become a significant target of stress research in recent years because of its role in cognitive functioning, neuropathology, and regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Despite the pervasive impact of stress on psychiatric and neurological disease, many of the circuit‐ and cell‐dependent mechanisms giving rise to the limbic regulation of the stress response remain unknown. Hippocampal excitatory neurons generally express high levels of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and are therefore positioned to respond directly to serum glucocorticoids. These neurons are, in turn, regulated by neighboring interneurons, subtypes of which have been shown to respond to stress exposure. However, GR expression among hippocampal interneurons is not well characterized. To determine whether key interneuron populations are direct targets for glucocorticoid action, we used two transgenic mouse lines to label parvalbumin‐positive (PV+) and somatostatin‐positive (SST+) interneurons. GR immunostaining of labeled interneurons was characterized within the dorsal and ventral dentate hilus, dentate cell body layer, and CA1 and CA3 stratum oriens and stratum pyramidale. While nearly all hippocampal SST+ interneurons expressed GR across all regions, GR labeling of PV+ interneurons showed considerable subregion variability. The percentage of PV+, GR+ cells was highest in the CA3 stratum pyramidale and lowest in the CA1 stratum oriens, with other regions showing intermediate levels of expression. Together, these findings indicate that, under baseline conditions, hippocampal SST+ interneurons are a ubiquitous glucocorticoid target, while only distinct populations of PV+ interneurons are direct targets. This anatomical diversity suggests functional differences in the regulation of stress‐dependent hippocampal responses.
Integrated age‐related immunohistological changes occur in human olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb
Authors: Fitzek Mira , Patel Parthkumar K. , Solomon Peter D. , Lin Brian , Hummel Thomas , Schwob James E. , Holbrook Eric H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOlfactory epithelium (OE) is capable of lifelong regeneration due to presence of basal progenitor cells that respond to injury or neuronal loss with increased activity. However, this capability diminishes with advancing age and a decrease in odor perception in older individuals is well established. To characterize changes associated with age in the peripheral olfactory system, an in‐depth analysis of the OE and its neuronal projections onto the olfactory bulb (OB) as a function of age was performed. Human olfactory tissue autopsy samples from 36 subjects with an average age of 74.1 years were analyzed. Established cell type‐specific antibodies were used to identify OE component cells in whole mucosal sheets and epithelial sections as well as glomeruli and periglomerular structures in OB sections. With age, a reduction in OE area occurs across the mucosa progressing in a posterior‐dorsal direction. Deterioration of the olfactory system is accompanied with diminution of neuron‐containing OE, mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and OB innervation. On an individual level, the neuronal density within the epithelium appears to predict synapse density within the OB. The innervation of the OB is uneven with higher density at the ventral half that decreases with age as opposed to stable innervation at the dorsal half. Respiratory metaplasia, submucosal cysts, and neuromata, were commonly identified in aged OE. The finding of respiratory metaplasia and aneuronal epithelium with reduction in global basal cells suggests a progression of stem cell quiescence as an underlying pathophysiology of age‐related smell loss in humans.Key points

A gradual loss of olfactory sensory neurons with age in human olfactory epithelium is also reflected in a reduction in glomeruli within the olfactory bulb.

This gradual loss of neurons and synaptic connections with age occurs in a specific, spatially inhomogeneous manner.

Decreasing mitotically active olfactory epithelium basal cells may contribute to age‐related neuronal decline and smell loss in humans.
Top‐down self‐regulation processes as determinants of oral hygiene self‐care behaviour: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Rogers Adam A. , Willumsen Tiril , Strømme Hilde , Johnsen Jan‐Are K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding the psychological mechanisms that moderate oral hygiene self‐care behavior is anticipated to benefit efforts to change such behavior. Top‐down self‐regulatory (TSR) processes represent one group of relatively unexplored, yet potentially influential, moderating factors. This systematic scoping review aims to explore whether there is evidence that TSR processes moderate oral hygiene self‐care engagement within the current literature.MethodsCINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 2020 for articles that compared measures of TSR processes (such as self‐monitoring, inhibitory control, and task switching) to oral hygiene self‐care behavior, or tested interventions that aimed to change or support TSR processes.ResultsThe search returned 6626 articles, with 25 included in the final sample. Weak evidence supported both the role of TSR processes as moderators of interdental cleaning and the value of interventions targeting self‐monitoring of interdental cleaning behavior. Overall, methodological limitations rendered the findings somewhat inconclusive, with an absence of objective assessments of TSR capacity, and little focus on TSR processes as moderators of intervention effects.ConclusionsThe inconclusive, but reasonably promising, findings point to the value of continuing to apply TSR processes within studies of oral hygiene behavior. Exploring why interdental cleaning appears more reliant on TSR processes than toothbrushing, employing objective neuropsychological assessment, and measuring TSR constructs within interventions targeting TSR processes, are encouraged. As a scoping review, the study hopes to generate interest and serve as a starting point for further investigation.
Design of memory Alias Table based on the SRAM 8T‐Cell
Authors: Abdel‐Hafeez Saleh , Otoom Sanabel , Quwaider Muhannad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA memory Alias Table holds a major role in Register Renaming Unit (RRU), which is responsible for maintaining the translation between logical registers to physical registers under the given instruction(s). This work presents the design of the memory Alias Table based on the SRAM‐based 8T‐Cell with multiport write, read, and content‐address operations for two‐way three operands machine cycle. The design of the memory Alias Table of size 32‐row × 6‐bit has SRAM‐based CAM cell of type 21T‐Cell that comprises four‐read ports, two‐write ports, and two‐content‐address ports. The content‐address examines the register under‐test against all contents of the memory Alias Table in parallel and releases the associated match index address. Results show that the four read ports operate simultaneously within the half‐cycle, while the two write ports operate simultaneously within the other half‐cycle. The operation of the two content‐address ports is managed during the half‐cycle of the read phase. Thus, the three operations occur within a single cycle without latency. HSPICE simulations using 90 nm/1 V CMOS process reveal that the memory Alias Table provides the three operations within a one‐cycle of 1 GHz consuming an average power of 0.13 mW.
Soil Heating in Fire (SheFire): A model and measurement method for estimating soil heating and effects during wildland fires
Authors: Brady Mary K. , Dickinson Matthew B. , Miesel Jessica R. , Wonkka Carissa L. , Kavanagh Kathleen L. , Lodge Alexandra G. , Rogers William E. , Starns Heath D. , Tolleson Doug R. , Treadwell Morgan L. , Twidwell Dirac , Hanan Erin J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFire has transformative effects on soil biological, chemical, and physical properties in terrestrial ecosystems around the world. While methods for estimating fire characteristics and associated effects aboveground have progressed in recent decades, there remain major challenges in characterizing soil heating and associated effects belowground. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for understanding how fire influences soil carbon storage, biogeochemical cycling, and ecosystem recovery. In this paper, we present a novel framework for characterizing belowground heating and effects. The framework includes (1) an open‐source model to estimate fire‐driven soil heating, cooling, and the biotic effects of heating across depths and over time (Soil Heating in Fire model; SheFire) and (2) a simple field method for recording soil temperatures at multiple depths using self‐contained temperature sensor and data loggers (i.e., iButtons), installed along a wooden stake inserted into the soil (i.e., an iStake). The iStake overcomes many logistical challenges associated with obtaining temperature profiles using thermocouples. Heating measurements provide inputs to the SheFire model, and modeled soil heating can then be used to derive ecosystem response functions, such as heating effects on microorganisms and tissues. To validate SheFire estimates, we conducted a burn table experiment using iStakes to record temperatures that were in turn used to fit the SheFire model. We then compared SheFire predicted temperatures against measured temperatures at other soil depths. To benchmark iStake measurements against those recorded by thermocouples, we co‐located both types of sensors in the burn table experiment. We found that SheFire demonstrated skill in interpolating and extrapolating soil temperatures, with the largest errors occurring at the shallowest depths. We also found that iButton sensors are comparable to thermocouples for recording soil temperatures during fires. Finally, we present a case study using iStakes and SheFire to estimate in situ soil heating during a prescribed fire and demonstrate how observed heating regimes would influence seed and tree root vascular cambium survival at different soil depths. This measurement‐modeling framework provides a cutting‐edge approach for describing soil temperature regimes (i.e., soil heating) through a soil profile and predicting biological responses.
New approach for butterfly conservation through local field‐based vegetational and entomological data
Authors: Piccini Irene , Pittarello Marco , Di Pietro Viviana , Lonati Michele , Bonelli Simona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn mountain ecosystems, it is crucial to identify conservation strategies to avoid local extinctions mainly due to agropastoral abandonment. For this purpose, identifying appropriate system indicators is required, for example, butterflies, which respond precisely and quickly to environmental changes.Zerynthia polyxenais an ecotonal species of butterfly, and thus, through its conservation it could be possible to protect clearing and ecotonal species. To develop conservation measures, we set up a hierarchical investigation that characterizes the ecological preferences of the adult and larvalZ. polyxena, and host plant—Aristolochia pallida—by collecting data on the butterfly abundance (adult and larvae), tree cover, and litter plant features and by phytosociological surveys. Adult preferences change along an altitudinal gradient; the highest butterfly presence is at sites with medium elevation (1100 m above sea level [asl]) with high presence of forest, but even sites at low elevation (975 m asl), a high presence of forest favors butterfly abundance. Larvae prefer partially shaded ecotone plots with abundant host plants and low management intensity (corresponding to abundant litter) and with heterogeneous tree cover. High tree cover (70%) at low altitude and low tree cover (<20%) at high altitude favor larval presence. Larvae prefer plants with large leaves. Host plants were more abundant at low elevation where tree cover was low (<20%). We found that the optimal ecological niches of host plant and larvae have a spatial mismatch. By analyzing vegetation dynamics and butterfly monitoring during one field season, we are able to describe current and past (about 10–50 years ago) management pressures, in order to identify butterfly ecological preferences in relation to local features and therefore to suggest local conservation actions that might supportZ. polyxena, as well as other butterflies and insects. Specifically, management measures should prevent afforestation (e.g., through irregular mowing) and favor the presence of small clearings and of ecotonal habitats in relation to elevation. Our study suggests that a new multifunctional approach that combines local entomological and vegetational surveys could be applied to define species optimal habitat features and, thus, to address appropriate conservation measures.
Pathogenic fungus causes density‐ and trait‐mediated trophic cascades in an aquatic community
Authors: Harjoe Carmen C. , Buck Julia C. , Rohr Jason R. , Roberts Claire E. , Olson Deanna H. , Blaustein Andrew R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPathogens can alter species composition and ecosystem function by causing direct and indirect effects on communities. Zoospores of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter, Bd), a pathogen implicated in worldwide amphibian declines, can be consumed by filter‐feeding zooplankton and can damage mouthparts of infected amphibian larvae. Consequently, we hypothesized that this pathogen would affect the abundance of zooplankton and survival and feeding abilities of larval amphibian hosts. In turn, this could affect the algal food resources of zooplankton and tadpoles, which can include phytoplankton and periphyton. We tested these hypotheses by manipulating the presence of western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) larvae and Bd in outdoor mesocosms and quantifying the densities of amphibians, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and periphyton. Bd infections reduced amphibian larval densities, but this only weakly benefitted periphyton (a density‐mediated indirect effect). After controlling for larval densities, mesocosms with Bd‐exposed larvae had significantly more periphyton biomass than mesocosms with larvae but no Bd, consistent with infection‐induced mouthpart damage reducing larval feeding rates on attached algae (a trait‐mediated indirect effect). In fact, the estimated trait‐mediated effect of Bd on periphyton biomass was larger than the density‐mediated effect. However, we did not find evidence that Bd exposure triggered a switch to filter‐feeding phytoplankton. The presence of Bd was associated with increased copepod abundance, consistent with zooplankton consuming chytrid zoospores. These results suggest that Bd has the potential to cause both trait‐ and density‐mediated indirect effects that can alter community composition and perhaps the primary productivity of freshwater ecosystems.
Priority effects alter the colonization success of a host‐associated parasite and mutualist
Authors: Burr Audrey A. , Woods Kamron D. , Cassidy Steven T. , Wood Corlett W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPriority effects shape the assembly of free‐living communities and host‐associated communities. However, the current literature does not fully incorporate two features of host–symbiont interactions, correlated host responses to multiple symbionts and ontogenetic changes in host responses to symbionts, leading to an incomplete picture of the role of priority effects in host‐associated communities. We factorially manipulated the inoculation timing of two plant symbionts (mutualistic rhizobia bacteria and parasitic root‐knot nematodes) and tested how host age at arrival, arrival order, and arrival synchrony affected symbiont colonization success in the model legume Medicago truncatula. We found that host age, arrival order, and arrival synchrony significantly affected colonization of one or both symbionts. Host age at arrival only affected nematodes but not rhizobia: younger plants were more heavily infected than older plants. By contrast, arrival order only affected rhizobia but not nematodes: plants formed more rhizobia nodules when rhizobia arrived before nematodes. Finally, synchronous arrival decreased colonization both symbionts, an effect that depended on host age. Our results demonstrate that priority effects compromise the host's ability to control colonization by two major symbionts and suggest that the role of correlated host responses and host ontogeny in the assembly of host‐associated communities deserve further attention.
Homogeneous Systems Containing Earth‐Abundant Metal Complexes for Photoactivated CO2 Reduction: Recent Advances
Authors: Bizzarri Claudia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhoto‐driven reduction of CO2 into advantageous chemicals is a noteworthy pathway to close the carbon cycle and decrease carbon footprint. The use of visible light and ultimately solar radiation is extremely interesting in managing energy issues. Similarly, the employment of cost‐effective materials guides to environmentally friendly applications. This Review addresses the homogeneous systems used for photoactivated the CO2 reduction in the last years, highlighting the earth‐abundant metal‐based components. Besides those systems composed only of noble metal‐free units, hybrid systems, also containing a noble metal‐based complex, are also examined, revealing that research needs to increase the attention on more sustainable alternatives.