bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Experimental Verification of a Cuproptosis-Associated Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tu Hengjia , Zhang Qingling , Wen Junjie , Bao Junrong , Zhang Xintian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, which makes the prognostic prediction challenging. Cuproptosis, a recently discovered mode of regulated cell death (RCD), may be associated with the development of multiple diseases. However, the prognostic value of cuproptosis-related genes in NSCLC remains uncertain. In this study, we obtained the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of NSCLC patients online and made some analysis. Our results showed that 16 cuproptosis-related genes were differentially expressed between NSCLC and normal tissues. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in cellular energy metabolism-related pathways. According to the survival analysis of these 16 genes, the up-regulation of 13 genes predicted a poor overall survival (OS) rate in patients with NSCLC. Then, A 13-genes signature model was built to distinguish the patients into two risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group showed significantly a poor OS rate compared with patients in the low-risk group (P < 0.001 in the TCGA cohort). The tumor grade, tumor stage, and tumor vascular invasion also differ in two groups (P < 0.01 in the TCGA cohort). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis proved the model's predictive capacity. The same model was used in the ICGC cohort and similar results were confirmed. Finally, we verified the differential expression of several genes in our model between NSCLC and normal tissues. By detecting intracellular Cu2+ levels before and after gene knockdown, we found that four genes may affect the progression of NSCLC by regulating cuproptosis. In conclusion, a novel cuproptosis-related gene signature can predict the prognostic of NSCLC. Targeting cuproptosis may be a therapeutic approach for NSCLC.
Evidence for possible systematic underestimation of uncertainties in extragalactic distances and its cosmological implications
Authors: Singh Ritesh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We analyze 91,742 reported extragalactic distance moduli and their one sigma uncertainties for 14,560 galaxies with multiple reported distances in the NED Redshift-Independent Distances database. For every ordered pair of distance moduli measurements 1 and 2 for each galaxy, we define Δ(σ)[1, 2], a measure for how different measurement 2 is in relation to measurement 1, as a multiple of the reported one sigma uncertainty in measurement 1. For a given set of distance moduli measurements, we take a mean of all such Δ(σ)[1, 2] to determine the average separation between distance moduli of any galaxy in the set as a multiple of the reported uncertainty. For normally distributed measurements, the expected value of mean Δ(σ) is 0.79. Our results are as follows. The mean Δ(σ) of 1,239,062 ordered pairs of extragalactic distance moduli for 14,560 galaxies is 2.07 corresponding to a p-value of 3.85%. This indicates a possible systematic underestimation of uncertainties in extragalactic distances. We also find that the mean reported one sigma uncertainty decreased and the mean Δ(σ) increased from 2004 to 2018. This points to increased underestimation of uncertainties with time. For the latest period from 2014 to 2018 with 14,580 reported extragalactic distance moduli for 5,406 galaxies, the mean Δ(σ) of 40,462 ordered pairs is 3.00 corresponding to a p-value of 0.27%. For 14,888 extragalactic distance moduli of 2,518 galaxies measured using Type Ia Supernovae, the mean Δ(σ) for 124,016 ordered pairs is 2.85 corresponding to a p-value of 0.44%. These results may have some implications for our confidence in cosmological parameters and models. We conclude that more liberal estimation of uncertainties in future reported extragalactic distances should be considered. The results also give a possible way out of the Hubble-Lemaitre tension by advocating for increasing the error bars on Hubble-Lemaitre constant measured via distance ladders of standard candles and rulers.
Tomato Transplant Research Workshop Held in Georgia
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , McCarter S. M. , Webb R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Fourth Annual Tomato Transplant Research Workshop was held at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia, on December 1, 1966. The 52 participants came from 11 states and the District of Columbia, and represented various areas of research, production (canning industry and transplant growers), extension, regulatory, and administration. The research participants included horticulturists, plant physiologists, geneticists, plant pathologists, nematologists, soil scientists, and agricultural engineers. The main topics discussed during the workshop were disease and nematode control, and management practices needed to facilitate mechanization of the transplant harvest.
Why Store Genetic Stocks?
Authors: James Edwin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the functions of the National Seed Storage Laboratory is the preservation of genetic stocks. The 52,000 accessions now in storage include only 932 lots of seed which fall into this category. These are: 310 barley lines, 112 tomato mutants, 110 red pericarp lines of corn, and 400 radiation-induced mutants of oats. In the near future we should receive for storage 150 translocation stocks of barley. These total only a small fraction of such materials held at various locations throughout the country.
The Relation of Fruit Retention Force to the Mechanical Harvesting Efficiency of Montmorency Cherries1
Authors: Cain John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the mechanical harvesting of sour cherries suitable attention has been given to the rate of harvest (1,2,8), the relative cost (8) and to varying mechanical (4,5,6,8) and to cultural (2,3,7) aspects related to the physical condition of the harvested fruit. Another factor in the mechanical harvesting efficiency which is of considerable importance to the grower is the percentage of the crop borne by the tree that is removed in the harvesting process. Claypool (3) has indicated that for many species of fruit, current mechanical harvesting techniques may remove fruit within 5% of that achieved by hand-picking. Cain (1) has shown variations from 70 to 96% of crop removal for sour cherries depending on the stage of maturity and the level of nitrogen fertility. The latter figure is comparable to average hand-picking. Since the fruit left on the tree after shaking are a total loss (8) and represent a proportionate share of the total cost of production up to harvest time, the achievement of maximum crop removal is of importance in any harvesting operation.
Burrowing Nematodes May Survive on Variants of ‘Milam’ Lemon
Authors: Ford H. W. , Hutchins P. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Milam’ is a lemon-type citrus rootstock of unknown parentage considered resistant to the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne. R. similis causes a serious disease of citrus in Florida called spreading decline. ‘Milam’ was found in 1954 as the noninfected rootstock of a ‘Parson Brown’ orange tree in a burrowing nematode infested grove. In greenhouse tests of 9 months duration, ‘Milam’ consistently eliminated burrowing nematode populations from containers of infested soil by preventing the development of nematode eggs in the root cortex (3). After eight years in a rootstock trial planted in an infested site, no burowing nematodes were found in feeder roots of ‘Milam’ although nematodes were present in roots of adjacent rough lemon and sweet orange rootstocks (2). ‘Milam’ has also been tested as a biological barrier for four years in a soil tank 25 feet in length. Burrowing nematodes multiplied in one end of the tank have not migrated beyond the first ‘Milam’—a distance of two feet. Burrowing nematodes migrated 12 feet per year in a similar soil tank when susceptible rootstocks were used (1).
Frozen Storage of Watermelon Tissue1
Authors: Woolsey Mary E. , Tinklin Gwendolyn L. , Hall Charles V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Watermelon tissue was frozen in an effort to obtain an edible and acceptable product when defrosted. Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray and Shipper varieties, field grown in the area of Manhattan, Kansas, were harvested and held at 2°C for one to three days before being processed for freezing. A completely randomized block design, with eight replications, was used to process samples and to evaluate data. Balls of Us inch diameter were cut, avoiding seeds as much as possible. Ten balls per polyethylene bag were packaged in a single layer to allow for even defrosting. After freezing 24 hrs, the packages were stored at -1 5 (±5)°C until evaluated. Evaluation occurred prior to freezing and after 10 days, 6 and 12 weeks of frozen storage. Packages were defrosted at 20°C for 90 minutes.
A Spinning Device Used in Measuring the Skin Color of Apples
Authors: Rogers Ewell A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An objective method of measuring the amount of red color in the skin of apples is an advantage over the subjective methods (1). Tristimulus colorimetry is well established as an objective method of measuring color in agricultural products (2,3,4). Attachments used with the Hunter Color and Color Difference Meters in the past for apple skin color measurements were those in which the apples turned at approximately 200 rpm in a stationarv position over the Hunter Meter (1). The meter is adjusted to the rotating apple by moving the Hunter Meter up and down. In Figure I is a device in which the rotating apple is moved up and down for the adjustment instead of the Gardner Color Difference Meter. The attachment consists of two shafts to rotate an apple over the exposure head of the measuring instrument. The right hand shaft operates against a thrust bearing and can be moved to the light to allow the apple to be placed between two rubber suction cups. A pin, through the shaft, holding a spring against the thrust bearing, can be positioned to van7 the pressure which keeps the apple in place. A Sunbeam Master Mixer switch can be adjusted so that the apple turns at approximately 200 rpm. The master mixer and its attachments are moved up and down on a shaft. This shaft is attached to a stand which is separate from the meter stand. The spinning device stand consists of a base plate and veitical pipe. The vertical pipe is so constructed that it can be adjusted for height. Since the distance between the rotating apple and the exposure head is critical, one must be able to adjust the apple so that it just clears the exposure.
Response of ‘Jerseyland’ Peach Trees to Three Consecutive Yearly Herbicide Applications of Simazine and Dalapon Alone and in Combination1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Vlach E. F. , Damon R. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Response of ‘Jerseyland’ peach trees to 3 consecutive yearly herbicide applications of 2-chloro-4,6 bis (ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) and sodium salt of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) alone and in combination was determined. The data included weed control, tree growth, fruit size, yield and leaf N, K, Ca and Mg content. The herbicide combination of dalapon at 4.25 lb ai/acre and simazine at 3.2 lb ai/acre gave the best weed control. The partial reduction in weed population was of no benefit to tree growth, fruit size, yield and nutrition. Simazine did not alter the chemical composition of the leaf or affect growth, fruit size and yield, as compared with either dalapon or the mowed control.
Chemical and Non-Chemical Control of Anjou Scald
Authors: Pierson C. F. , Schomer H. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anjou scald, a physiological disease, produces a brown discoloration of the skin of Anjou pears after several months in cold storage. Only small amounts of the disease may be evident when the fruit is removed from the cold, but large amounts may develop within a few days at room temperature. Although the fruit is not seriously damaged by the disease, the discolored skin detracts from its appearence, and reduces its value in the market. Like storage scald of apples, the incidence of this disease can be reduced with oiled paper wraps (8). The use of polyethylene box liners prolongs the storage life of Anjou pears (4), but increases the tendency of the fruit to scald even in oiled wraps. Similarities in the responses of apples and pears to oiled paper suggested that the antioxidants used to control scald of apples might also be useful in the control of Anjou scald.
Anatomical Studies of Ammonium-Induced Stem Lesions in Tomato1
Authors: Barker A. V. , Lachman W. H. , Maynard D. N. , Puritch G. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato plants develop dark, pitted stem lesions when grown on ammonium nutrition in soil culture with insufficient potassium, (1,4,5). Ammonium utilization by plants requires a higher potassium level than nitrate utilization (10). Furthermore, when ammonium salt solutions are applied to soils, potassium may be fixed in the clay lattices by ammonium ions (2). Hence, the potassium supplying power of the soil is lowered, and plants are unable to obtain enough potassium to meet their needs. In sand culture, stem lesions occur only when potassium salts are excluded from the nutrient solution with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source (1). Lesions do not develop during potassium deficiency with nitrate sources of nitrogen.
A Simplified Method for Measuring the Carbon Dioxide Content of Field Air Samples
Authors: Hopen H. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The measurement of carbon dioxide under field conditions is difficult by alkali titration (5) and colorimetric methods (2,4). Static absorption by alkali can be utilized for inplace measurements but is dependent on ambient turbulence. The common colorimetric method (2) is temperature dependent and requires a constant temperature for absorption.
Undesirable Features of Accreditation and Standards for Horticulture
Authors: Batcheller O. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
My inquiries into accreditation for horticulture indicate that there is no unanimity of thought regarding the matter. Horticultural departments are beset with problems that need solving. Accreditation and standards have been suggested as a solution. We must know 1) exactly what we want to do by accreditation; 2) what it is we are going to accredit; 3) how we are going to apply accreditation procedure to the many types of institutions; 4) who will administer the accreditation; and 5) most important, how will the accreditation accomplish oui original objectives?
Differential Response of Stylar Elongation in Tomatoes to Soil Moisture Levels1
Authors: Coyne Dermot P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Abnormal elongation of styles of tomato flowers in hot dry weather has been observed by some workers (5, 6, 7). This has been found to cause poor pollination and reduction in fruit set. The exposed stigmas may also dry up in hot dry weather resulting in failure of fertilization and blossom drop (57). Tomato styles were also observed to elongate abnormally under conditions of low soil moisture (5). A differential response of style elongation to length of photoperiod for 2 greenhouse tomato varieties was observed by Burk (1). Howlett (2) reported that the maximum length of pistil in relation to the stamens was obtained when the plants were growing during a period of relativelv short day, under light of low intensity, and with an abundance of readily available nitrogen. The author has found no reports on the differential response of style elongation of tomato varieties grown under different soil moisture levels.
Effects of Post-harvest Defoliation on Strawberry Yields and Fruit Size1
Authors: Moore J. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The destruction of strawberry foliage following harvest has long been a standard renovation practice in many of the strawberry producing areas of the United States. The practice of postharvest mowing of leaves is widely recommended (2,3,8,10) although there is some disagreement as to the value of this practice (1).
Feasibility of Use of Pariffin Oil for Purification of Storage Atmosphere1
Authors: Dostal H. C. , Hoff J. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aroma transfer is a problem common to both mixed and unmixed storage of agricultural commodities. The deleterious effect on palatability of certain fatty products by such materials as apples is well documented. Too, certain apple varieties may suffer physiological stress due to emanations by other varieties of apples. A number of methods for removal of objectionable odors in storage have been suggested in past years. Each of these systems has distinct advantages; yet, none is universally effective.
Effect of Ethylene on Production of Volatiles by Lemons
Authors: Norman Shirley , Craft C. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethylene is known to accelerate the respiration and to hasten the loss of chlorophyll from lemons (3). In addition, ethylene-treated lemons, are more subject to decay than untreated fruit and, as a consequence, show a shortened storage life (1). Fruits exhibiting a respiratory climacteric typically show a concomitant increase in volatile production, including ethvlene (4). The present paper reports the effect of added ethylene on volatile production by lemons, a non-climacteric fruit (2). Although sound lemons have little or no odor, no previous study has been made of the volatile production of lemons.
Fungi from Floral Parts of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)1
Authors: Jones Alfred , Jackson C. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sweetpotato breeders are confronted with the problem of extremely low seed set. Based on counts made of seed set in tagged flowers, only about 2 or 3% of the potential seed production is realized (2). This problem is compounded by the occurrence of flower bud abscission prior to opening. Although low seed set may be primarily due to genetic incompatibility, sterility or physiological disharmony in developing seed, insect or disease damage could also be involved. This study provides information on the fungi of sweetpotato floral parts and preliminary results of their effect on seed set.
Progress with Persistent-Green Color and Green Seed-Coat in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Commercial Processing1
Authors: Dean Leslie L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Persistent-green color has been incorporated into curly top and common beanmosaic virus resistant snap beans. Cooperative observation and processing trials throughout the United States indicate wide adaptability and good commercial potential for several lines. Release, during 1968, of one or more of these snap beans, to commercial seedsmen for seed increase is anticipated.
Mitotic Periodicity in Vanda ‘Miss Joachim’
Authors: Wilfret Gary J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The concept of periodicity in the frequency of dividing cells has previously been reported for certain plants. Lewis (5) found that in roots of onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown under natural environmental conditions there was a peak in the frequency of dividing cells about midnight, with a slight rise at noon. In 1904 Kellicott (4), using diurnal light and temperature on onion bulbs, found two maxima, 11:00 P.M. and 1:00 P.M.
Organisms Found Growing under Nutrient Mist Propagation1
Authors: Coorts G. D. , Sorenson C. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Intermittent mist is widely used by plant propagators in the rooting of cuttings. However, it has been demonstrated that under this method of propagation nutrients are leached from cuttings. Recent work (1, 2, 3) has shown that by adding fertilizer to mist during the propagation of cuttings, the nutrient content of the cuttings may be replenished. Due to the length of time in the propagation bench, sanitation is much more critical when propagating woody ornamental plants under a nutrient mist than when propagating herbaceous plants.
Characteristics and Propagation of Rootstocks for Deciduous Fruits in the North Central Region, 1966-67
Authors: Simons R. K. , Carlson R. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The North Central Regional Committee “Stock Scion Relationships in Horticultural Plants” (NC 78) undertook, in 1966-67, a survey of rootstock production of deciduous fruits. The committee representative from each state ! contacted the nurserymen of his own state1. These data have been compiled for the purpose of implementing and coordinating future research concerning the problems of stock-scion relationships such as incompatibilities and failure of anticipated tree and fruit responses under different climatic and environmental conditions.
IR-2, A Germ Plasm Bank of Virus-Free Fruit Tree Clones
Authors: Fridlund Paul R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is desirable to review periodically the accomplishments of a project having the scope of Interregional Project IR-2, because of its inter-disciplinary relationships among horticulturists, entomologists, plant pathologists and other biologists. The main objectives of the project are to assemble selections of desirable species and varieties of deciduous fruit trees, verify their freedom from infecting viruses, maintain virus-free individuals in repositories, and distribute virus-free propagating materials to cooperating investigators for research or as foundation stock for release to industry.
Field Plot Technique for the Evaluation of Strawberry Cultivars1
Authors: Aalders L. E. , Craig D. L. , Cannon H. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Size and number of plots is an important consideration for strawberry breeders and other researchers engaged in the evaluation of strawberry cultivars. Edgar (2) found at East Mailing that plots of about 50 plants planted on the square were best, but Taylor (3) considered the variability in Edgar’s plots to be abnormally low, and advocated plots of 24 plants arranged in a twin row. He considered that seven replicates were necessary to measure a 20 percent difference at the 5 percent level of probability. Baker and Voth (1) in California considered 3 plots of 50 plants or 8 of 25 plants necessary to reduce heterogeneity to an acceptable level for scoring clones for resistance to Verticillium wilt in a “wilt nursery.” All of these researchers were working with strawberries on the hill system, whereas the matted row system is standard in Eastern North America.
Implications of the New Genetics in Horticultural Plant Breeding
Authors: Craig Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This is an age of transition for horticultural plant breeding. The recent developments in physiological and biochemical genetics and their application to plant breeding signify only the beginning of this new era. To define the term New Genetics is extremely difficult especially when it is applied to horticultural plant breeding. For the purpose of this paper New Genetics will mean all of. those methods, machines, ideas and information that can assist in the future breeding of better horticultural plants.
The Challenging Situation in Developing Superior Fruit Cultivars
Authors: Spangelo Lloyd P. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is apparent that many regard fruit crops like the apple, peach, pear, raspberry and strawberry as luxury crops, their value being largely that of providing variety rather than the basic dietary needs. In a period when emphasis is placed on the need for greater production of the basic foods, surely we must be concerned about, and be certain that, our research objectives are realistic.
Current Developments in the Breeding of Woody Ornamentals
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Man for centuries has had an appreciation of flowers made use of native plants, cultivated and selected more ornamental and exotic types, and improved food plants. But he has devoted relatively little research to the production of woody ornamentals -- trees and shrubs that have woody stems. The breeding of woody ornamentals, however, has gained momentum as a result of accelerated emphasis on beautification due to the population explosion and the aesthetic needs or urban sprawl.