bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a novel computer vision-based livestock monitoring system to identify and track specific behaviors of individual nursery pigs within a group-housed environment
Authors: Schmidt Ty B , Lancaster Jessica M , Psota Eric , Mote Benny E , Hulbert Lindsey E , Holliday Aaron , Woiwode Ruth , Pérez Lance C 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimal behavior is indicative of health status and changes in behavior can indicate health issues (i.e., illness, stress, or injury). Currently, human observation (HO) is the only method for detecting behavior changes that may indicate problems in group-housed pigs. While HO is effective, limitations exist. Limitations include HO being time consuming, HO obfuscates natural behaviors, and it is not possible to maintain continuous HO. To address these limitations, a computer vision platform (NUtrack) was developed to identify (ID) and continuously monitor specific behaviors of group-housed pigs on an individual basis. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capabilities of the NUtrack system and evaluate changes in behavior patterns over time of group-housed nursery pigs. The NUtrack system was installed above four nursery pens to monitor the behavior of 28 newly weaned pigs during a 42-d nursery period. Pigs were stratified by sex, litter, and randomly assigned to one of two pens (14 pigs/pen) for the first 22 d. On day 23, pigs were split into four pens (7 pigs/pen). To evaluate the NUtrack system’s capabilities, 800 video frames containing 11,200 individual observations were randomly selected across the nursery period. Each frame was visually evaluated to verify the NUtrack system’s accuracy for ID and classification of behavior. The NUtrack system achieved an overall accuracy for ID of 95.6%. This accuracy for ID was 93.5% during the first 22 d and increased (P &lt; 0.001) to 98.2% for the final 20 d. Of the ID errors, 72.2% were due to mislabeled ID and 27.8% were due to loss of ID. The NUtrack system classified lying, standing, walking, at the feeder (ATF), and at the waterer (ATW) behaviors accurately at a rate of 98.7%, 89.7%, 88.5%, 95.6%, and 79.9%, respectively. Behavior data indicated that the time budget for lying, standing, and walking in nursery pigs was 77.7% ± 1.6%, 8.5% ± 1.1%, and 2.9% ± 0.4%, respectively. In addition, behavior data indicated that nursery pigs spent 9.9% ± 1.7% and 1.0% ± 0.3% time ATF and ATW, respectively. Results suggest that the NUtrack system can detect, identify, maintain ID, and classify specific behavior of group-housed nursery pigs for the duration of the 42-d nursery period. Overall, results suggest that, with continued research, the NUtrack system may provide a viable real-time precision livestock tool with the ability to assist producers in monitoring behaviors and potential changes in the behavior of group-housed pigs.
Impact of Surface Chemistry of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Protein Corona Formation and Endothelial Cell Uptake, Toxicity, and Barrier Function
Authors: Diaz-Diestra Daysi M , Palacios-Hernandez Teresa , Liu Yizhong , Smith Diane E , Nguyen Alexander K , Todorov Todor , Gray Patrick J , Zheng Jiwen , Skoog Shelby A , Goering Peter L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) have been investigated for biomedical applications, including novel contrast agents, magnetic tracers for tumor imaging, targeted drug delivery vehicles, and magneto-mechanical actuators for hyperthermia and thrombolysis. Despite significant progress, recent clinical reports have raised concerns regarding USPION safety related to endothelial cell dysfunction; however, there is limited information on factors contributing to these clinical responses. The influence of USPION surface chemistry on nanoparticle interactions with proteins may impact endothelial cell function leading to adverse responses. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the effects of carboxyl-functionalized USPION (CU) or amine-functionalized USPION (AU) (approximately 30 nm diameter) on biological responses in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Increased protein adsorption was observed for AU compared with CU after exposure to serum proteins. Exposure to CU, but not AU, resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability and perinuclear accumulation inside cytoplasmic vesicles. Internalization of CU was correlated with endothelial cell functional changes under non-cytotoxic conditions, as evidenced by a marked decreased expression of endothelial-specific adhesion proteins (eg, vascular endothelial-cadherin and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1) and increased endothelial permeability. Evaluation of downstream signaling indicated endothelial permeability is associated with actin cytoskeleton remodeling, possibly elicited by intracellular events involving reactive oxygen species, calcium ions, and the nanoparticle cellular uptake pathway. This study demonstrated that USPION surface chemistry significantly impacts protein adsorption and endothelial cell uptake, viability, and barrier function. This information will advance the current toxicological profile of USPION and improve development, safety assessment, and clinical outcomes of USPION-enabled medical products.
No priming, just fighting—endophytic yeast attenuates the defense response and the stress induced by Dutch elm disease inUlmus minorMill.
Authors: Sobrino-Plata J , Martínez-Arias C , Ormeño-Moncalvillo S , Fernández I , Collada C , Gil L , Pieterse C M J , Martín J A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOne century after the first report of Dutch elm disease (DED), there is still no practical solution for this problem threatening European and American elms (Ulmus spp.). The long breeding cycles needed to select resistant genotypes and the lack of efficient treatments keep disease incidence at high levels. In this work, the expression of defense-related genes to the causal agent of DED, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, was analyzed in in vitro clonal plantlets from two DED-resistant and two DED-susceptible Ulmus minor Mill. trees. In addition, the effect of the inoculation of an endophytic pink-pigmented yeast (Cystobasidium sp.) on the plant’s defense system was tested both individually and in combination with O. novo-ulmi. The multifactorial nature of the resistance to DED was confirmed, as no common molecular response was found in the two resistant genotypes. However, the in vitro experimental system allowed discrimination of the susceptible from the resistant genotypes, showing higher levels of oxidative damage and phenolic compounds in the susceptible genotypes after pathogen inoculation. Inoculation of the endophyte before O. novo-ulmi attenuated the plant molecular response induced by the pathogen and moderated oxidative stress levels. Niche competition, endophyte–pathogen antagonism and molecular crosstalk between the host and the endophyte are discussed as possible mechanisms of stress reduction. In sum, our results confirm the complex and heterogeneous nature of DED resistance mechanisms and highlight the possibility of using certain endophytic yeasts as biological tools to improve tree resilience against biotic stress.
Narrow transmission bottlenecks and limited within-host viral diversity during a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on a fishing boat
Authors: Hannon William W , Roychoudhury Pavitra , Xie Hong , Shrestha Lasata , Addetia Amin , Jerome Keith R , Greninger Alexander L , Bloom Jesse D 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe long-term evolution of viruses is ultimately due to viral mutants that arise within infected individuals and transmit to other individuals. Here, we use deep sequencing to investigate the transmission of viral genetic variation among individuals during a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that infected the vast majority of crew members on a fishing boat. We deep-sequenced nasal swabs to characterize the within-host viral population of infected crew members, using experimental duplicates and strict computational filters to ensure accurate variant calling. We find that within-host viral diversity is low in infected crew members. The mutations that did fix in some crew members during the outbreak are not observed at detectable frequencies in any of the sampled crew members in which they are not fixed, suggesting that viral evolution involves occasional fixation of low-frequency mutations during transmission rather than persistent maintenance of within-host viral diversity. Overall, our results show that strong transmission bottlenecks dominate viral evolution even during a superspreading event with a very high attack rate.
Rethinking Conservative Treatment of Humeral Diaphyseal Fractures in Elderly Patients With Dementia
Authors: Eisenberg Gilad , Otremski Hila , Segev Elad , Sherman Hagai , Steinberg Ely L. , Tordjman Daniel , Pritsch Tamir , Rosenblatt Yishai , Atlan Franck 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To assess outcomes and complications of conservatively managed humeral diaphyseal fractures in elderly patients, with an emphasis on the subgroup diagnosed with dementia.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Upper extremity surgery unit at an academic Level I trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Consecutive patients 65 years of age and older who were managed conservatively for humeral diaphyseal fractures between 2007 and 2015.

Intervention:
Conservatively managed humeral diaphyseal fractures.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Complications and radiographic outcomes.

Results:
One-hundred twenty-four patients who were conservatively managed for humeral diaphyseal fractures were identified. Their mean age was 77 (65–92) years, 36 (30%) of them were male and 88 (70%) were female. Fifty-seven (46%) patients experienced complications associated with their treatment, and 33 (27%) patients were eventually treated surgically. Seventeen (14%) patients were diagnosed with dementia. This subgroup had 64% fracture-related complications, and all of them were operated (P-value <0.01 compared with age-matched patients among the other 107 participants in the study).

Conclusion:
Conservative management of humeral diaphyseal fractures seems to be associated with greater morbidity in elderly patients, especially in those diagnosed with dementia. Therefore, early surgical treatment should be considered.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
What Is the Rate of Displacement of Occult Posterior Malleolus Fractures in Nailed Tibial Shaft Fractures?
Authors: Schiedo Ryan , Jo Jacob , Marin Arden , Fredette Ryan , Thomas Ayush , Siegel Jodi , Swart Eric 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To describe the radiographic consequences of posterior malleolus fractures (PMF) present with tibial shaft fractures fixed with intramedullary nails.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Seven hundred thirty-three patients with tibial shaft fractures.

Intervention:
Intramedullary nail fixation and prophylactic articular fixation.

Main Outcome Measure:
Displacement of PMF with intramedullary nail insertion.

Results:
Seven hundred thirty-three patients were identified with tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail fixation at a Level 1 trauma center without a uniform preoperative computed tomography protocol. One hundred thirty-three patients had an identifiable PMF appreciated on preoperative imaging. Of the 600 remaining patients without a known PMF, 29 had PMF identified after nail insertion: 24 patients with nondisplaced fractures that all healed radiographically at final follow-up, 3 patients had fractures <30% of the articular surface displaced 1–2 mm, and 2 patients had fractures >30% of the joint surface that displaced 1–2 mm.

Conclusions:
The incidence of radiographically observable PMF associated with tibial shaft fractures is high, even without a preoperative computed tomography screening protocol in place. In patients without an appreciable PMF on injury films, less than 1% (2/600) had displacement of a large, clinically significant PMF with nail placement.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effects of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Long-term Outcomes and Decreasing Immediate Postoperative Opioid Use Following One-level and Two-level Posterior Lumbar Fusions
Authors: Gannon Emmett , Freeman Matthew , Cornett Chris , Vincent Scott , Powers Sydney , Lyden Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Study Design:
This is a retrospective observational study.

Objective:
This study aims to determine the efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine in postoperative analgesia and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing one-level and two-level posterior lumbar fusion.

Summary of Background Data:
Multiple studies have investigated the use of liposomal bupivacaine in spine surgery with varying results. The potential benefits of its use include decreasing postoperative opioid use, improved pain control, and a shorter hospital stay. Several studies have supported its use in spine surgery with others showing minimal to no benefit. No studies have investigated its possible impact on long-term outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 42 patients (22 one-level, 20 two-level) received liposomal bupivacaine injection just before surgical closure and were compared with a historical control group of 42 patients (27 one-level, 15 two-level) that did not receive liposomal bupivacaine. Daily opioid consumption was collected and converted to oral morphine equivalents. Length of stay and daily average pain scores using the visual analog scale were also recorded. In addition, SF-36 bodily pain and physical function outcome measures were collected preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively.

Results:
The liposomal bupivacaine group was found to have a significantly lower total opioid consumption compared with the control group (P=0.001). The liposomal bupivacaine group was also found to use significantly fewer opioids on the day of surgery compared with the control group (P<0.0001). There was no significant difference shown in the average visual analog scale pain scores, length of stay, or long-term outcomes between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
The use of liposomal bupivacaine in one-level and two-level posterior lumbar fusions shows promise as an adjuvant for postoperative analgesia by decreasing postoperative opioid consumption. With the varying results demonstrated with the utilization of liposomal bupivacaine in spine surgery, further investigation is warranted, namely a larger prospective randomized control study.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Cuffless blood pressure measuring devices: review and statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability
Authors: Stergiou George S. , Mukkamala Ramakrishna , Avolio Alberto , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Mieke Stephan , Murray Alan , Parati Gianfranco , Schutte Aletta E. , Sharman James E. , Asmar Roland , McManus Richard J. , Asayama Kei , De La Sierra Alejandro , Head Geoffrey , Kario Kazuomi , Kollias Anastasios , Myers Martin , Niiranen Teemu , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Wang Jiguang , Wuerzner Grégoire , O’Brien Eoin , Kreutz Reinhold , Palatini Paolo 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Many cuffless blood pressure (BP) measuring devices are currently on the market claiming that they provide accurate BP measurements. These technologies have considerable potential to improve the awareness, treatment, and management of hypertension. However, recent guidelines by the European Society of Hypertension do not recommend cuffless devices for the diagnosis and management of hypertension.

Objective:
This statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on BP Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability presents the types of cuffless BP technologies, issues in their validation, and recommendations for clinical practice.

Statements:
Cuffless BP monitors constitute a wide and heterogeneous group of novel technologies and devices with different intended uses. Cuffless BP devices have specific accuracy issues, which render the established validation protocols for cuff BP devices inadequate for their validation. In 2014, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers published a standard for the validation of cuffless BP devices, and the International Organization for Standardization is currently developing another standard. The validation of cuffless devices should address issues related to the need of individual cuff calibration, the stability of measurements post calibration, the ability to track BP changes, and the implementation of machine learning technology. Clinical field investigations may also be considered and issues regarding the clinical implementation of cuffless BP readings should be investigated.

Conclusion:
Cuffless BP devices have considerable potential for changing the diagnosis and management of hypertension. However, fundamental questions regarding their accuracy, performance, and implementation need to be carefully addressed before they can be recommended for clinical use.
Gonadal hormone–dependent nociceptor sensitization maintains nociplastic pain state in female mice
Authors: Hankerd Kali , Koo Ho , McDonough Kathleen E. , Wang Jigong , Pariyar Ramesh , Tang Shao-Jun , Chung Jin Mo , La Jun-Ho 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nociplastic pain conditions develop predominantly in women. We recently established a murine nociplastic pain model by applying postinjury thermal (40°C) stimulation to an injured (capsaicin-injected) area, triggering a transition to a nociplastic pain state manifesting as persistent mechanical hypersensitivity outside of the previously injured area. The nociplastic pain state was centrally maintained by spinal microglia in males but peripherally by ongoing afferent activity at the previously injured area in females. Here, we investigated whether gonadal hormones are critical for the development of this peripherally maintained nociplastic pain state in females. Although the transition to a nociplastic pain state still occurred in ovariectomized females, the pain state was maintained neither by ongoing afferent activity at the previously injured area nor by spinal microglia. Estradiol reconstitution a week before the injury plus postinjury stimulation, but not after the transition had already occurred, restored the development of peripherally maintained nociplastic mechanical hypersensitivity in ovariectomized females. G protein–coupled estrogen receptor antagonism during the transition phase mimicked ovariectomy in gonad-intact females, whereas the receptor antagonism after the transition gradually alleviated the nociplastic mechanical hypersensitivity. At the previously injured area, afferents responsive to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a TRPA1 agonist, contributed to the maintenance of nociplastic mechanical hypersensitivity in gonad-intact females. In ex vivo skin-nerve preparations, only AITC-responsive afferents from the nociplastic pain model in gonad-intact females showed ongoing activities greater than control. These results suggest that gonadal hormones are critical for peripherally maintained nociplastic pain state in females by sensitizing AITC-responsive afferents to be persistently active.
Dietary Beliefs in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Parents
Authors: Bramuzzo Matteo , Grazian Federica , Grigoletto Veronica , Daidone Alessandro , Martelossi Stefano , Mario Federica , Maurel Eleonora , Lega Sara , Giudici Fabiola , Di Leo Grazia , Barbi Egidio 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have diet-related beliefs that lead to restrictive dietary behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate dietary beliefs in young patients with IBD and their parents and the presence of restrictive behaviours.

Methods:
A questionnaire regarding dietary beliefs was administered to IBD patients aged 8-17 years and their parents. A Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered to patients with IBD and a peer control group.

Results:
Seventy-five patients and 105 parents were interviewed. Twenty-seven (36%) patients and 39 (37.1%) parents believed that dietary modifications could control the IBD course.
Twenty-five (33.0%) patients and 33 (33.0%) parents believe that some dietary components can prevent relapse or improve symptoms (mainly abdominal pain and diarrhoea), while 36 (48%) patients and 60 (60.0%) parents believe that some foods can induce or worsen symptoms during an IBD flare.
Patients believe that milk, dairy, fried and spicy foods, sweets and carbonated drinks could have a negative effect on IBD while fruits, vegetables and rice could have a positive impact. Parents believe that fruits and vegetables have a negative effect.
Responses did not differ among patients classified according to IBD phenotype, activity status, or current therapies.
Compared to controls, young patients with IBD have reduced daily consumption of milk, lunch meat, raw and cooked vegetables.

Conclusions:
About one-third of paediatric patients with IBD and their parents have dietary beliefs that lead to restrictive dietary behaviours.
Clinical exome sequencing for stroke evaluation uncovers a high frequency of Mendelian disorders: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kumar Runjun D. , Meng Linyan , Liu Pengfei , Miyake Christina Y. , Worley Kim C. , Bi Weimin , Lalani Seema R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundStroke causes significant disability and is a common cause of death worldwide. Previous studies have estimated that 1-5% of stroke is attributable to monogenic etiologies. We set out to assess the utility of clinical exome sequencing (ES) in the evaluation of stroke.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 124 individuals who received ES at the Baylor Genetics reference lab between 2012 and 2021 who had stroke as a major part of their reported phenotype.ResultsAges ranged from 10 days to 69 years. 8.9% of the cohort received a diagnosis, including 25% of infants less than 1 year old; an additional 10.5% of the cohort received a probable diagnosis. We identified several syndromes that predispose to stroke such asCOL4A1-related brain small vessel disease,CBS-related homocystinuria,POLG-related disorders,TTC19-related mitochondrial disease, andRNASEH2Aassociated Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. We also observed pathogenic variants inNSD1, PKHD1, HRASandATP13A2, which are genes rarely associated with stroke.ConclusionsAlthough stroke is a complex phenotype with varying pathologies and risk factors, these results show that use of exome sequencing can be highly relevant in stroke, especially for those presenting <1 year of age.