bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of additional tasks on the reaction time of braking responses in simulated car driving: beyond the PRP effect
Authors: Stojan Robert , Bock Otmar , Mack Melanie , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

It well established that the presentation of one task increases the reaction time on a subsequent task, if the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between tasks is less than about 400 ms. This psychological refractory period (PRP) effect has been observed both in classical laboratory paradigms and in simulated car driving. Here we report about an effect that persists substantially longer than the PRP effect. In a driving simulator, 120 healthy older participants followed a lead car that mostly drove at a constant speed, and they had to brake when the lead car braked. Concurrently, they engaged in several additional tasks. SOA between the braking task and the last preceding additional task was about 11.5 s. In a control condition, the braking task was administered without additional tasks. We found that the reaction time of braking responses averaged 0.77 s without additional tasks, but averaged 1.45 s with additional tasks. This increase was less pronounced at smaller inter-vehicle distances, and was not compensated by faster foot movements from the gas pedal to the brake pedal. We conclude that detrimental effects of additional tasks on subsequent braking responses can be much more persistent than the PRP effect, possibly because of the need to maintain multiple task sets. We further conclude that the detrimental effects can be ameliorated at small inter-vehicle distances, possibly by mobilizing extra cognitive resources when response urgency is high. As a practical implication of our study, distracting stimuli can have persisting detrimental effects on traffic safety.
Assessment of the Specificity of Corvis Biomechanical Index-Laser Vision Correction (CBI-LVC) in Stable Corneas After Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Authors: Vinciguerra Riccardo , Cancian Giuseppe , Ambrósio Renato , Elsheikh Ahmed , Eliasy Ashkan , Lopes Bernardo , Vinciguerra Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The CBI-LVC is a biomechanical index to detect ectasia in post-refractive surgery patients (PRK, LASIK, SMILE). This study aims to evaluate the distribution of the CBI-LVC in stable patients who underwent Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) compared to PRK patients.
Methods: Patients who underwent PRK and PTK performed between 2000 and 2018in Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy and remained stable for at least four years post-surgery were included. All eyes were examined with the Corvis ST (Oculus, Germany), whose output allows the calculation of the CBI-LVC. The distribution and specificity of the CBI-LVC in the two populations were estimated using a Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test and compared.
Results: 175 eyes of 148 patients were included (85 eyes of 50 PTK patients and 90 eyes of 90 PRK patients). The distribution of CBI-LVC in the two groups showed a minor difference, with a median value in PRK patients of 0.000 (95% CI 0.000; 0.002) and 0.008 (95% CI 0.000; 0.037) in PTK patients (Mann-Whitney U test p = 0.023). The statistical analysis showed that the CBI-LVC provided a specificity of 92.22% in the PRK group, while in the PTK group it was 82.35%. Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant (Chi-squared test with Yates, p = 0.080).
Conclusion: CBI-LVC provided similar specificity in stable PTK patients compared to those who underwent PRK. These results suggest that the CBI-LVC could be a useful tool to aid corneal surgeons in managing PTK patients.
Virulence of Mycobacterium intracellulare clinical strains in a mouse model of lung infection – Role of neutrophilic inflammation in disease severity
Authors: Tateishi Yoshitaka , Ozeki Yuriko , Nishiyama Akihito , Miki Mari , Maekura Ryoji , Kida Hiroshi , Matsumoto Sohkichi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mycobacterium intracellulare is a major etiological agent of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). However, the characteristics of the virulence of M. intracellulare and the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy remain unclear. In this study, we examined the virulence of nine M. intracellulare strains with different clinical phenotypes and genotypes in C57BL/6 mice. We classified three types of virulence phenotypes (high, intermediate, and low) based on the kinetics of the bacterial load, histological lung inflammation, and neutrophilic infiltration. High virulence strains showed more severe neutrophilic infiltration in the lungs than intermediate and low virulence strains. In particular, the high virulence strain M.i.198 showed the highest mortality in mice, which corresponded to the rapid progression of clinical disease. In mice infected with the drug-sensitive high virulence strain M019, clarithromycin-containing chemotherapy showed the highest efficacy. While monotherapy with rifampicin rather exacerbated lung inflammation with increased lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltration into the lungs. In conclusion, the virulence phenotypes of clinical strains of M. intracellulare were diverse, with high virulence strains being associated with neutrophilic infiltration and disease progression in infected mice. These high virulence strains were proposed as a useful subject for in vivo chemotherapeutic experiments.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is dispensable for T cell function in vivo
Authors: Tarasenko Tatiana , Gomez-Rodriguez Julio , McGuire Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interrupting a major pathway in intermediary metabolism leads to an accumulation of substrates and upstream metabolites, downstream product deficiency, changes in feedback inhibition or activation, and diversion to alternative pathways. All of which may compromise cellular function. T cells are highly dependent upon metabolic reprogramming for activation and differentiation, suggesting that complete disruption of a major metabolic node like pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) will affect immunity. Here we show that genetic ablation of PDC activity in T cells leads to significant disruptions of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite perturbations in these major metabolic pathways, antiviral adaptive immunity is preserved in vivo. This preservation of function is likely due to the provision of necessary metabolites by the immune environment in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that PDC is dispensable for T cell function in vivo.
The stereochemistry study of N,N-dinitrosopiperazine using 1H NMR technique
Authors: Yaghmaeiyan Nahid , Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Mirzaei Mahdi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
N-nitrosamines exist as two zowitter ions which are more stable than their neutral form. In the case of symmetric cyclo N-nitrosamines with two nitroso groups, various studies were done on products which derived from piperazine. In order to nitrosation of only one of the NH groups the reaction was proceeded with 1mmol of NaNO2. It is observed that nitrosation on the both of the NH groups are done, unexpectedly and half of the piperazine are remained intact. In the presence of 2 mmol of NaNO2 per 1mmol piperazine, the whole of piperazine convert to N,N-dinitrosopiperazine which exist in two cis- and trans- chair conformations. In the presence of 4 mmol of NaNO2 per 1mmol piperazine, the whole of piperazine convert to N,N-dinitrosopiperazine which exist in four conformers of cis- and trans- forms of chair and boat conformations.
RNAinsecta: A tool for prediction of pre-microRNA in insects using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Nath Adhiraj , Bora Utpal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pre-MicroRNAs are the hairpin loops which produces microRNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in several organisms. In insects, microRNAs participate in several biological processes including metamorphosis, reproduction, immune response, etc. Numerous tools have been designed in recent years to predict pre-microRNA using binary machine learning classifiers where predictive models are trained with true and pseudo pre-microRNA hairpin loops. Currently, there is no tool that is exclusively designed for insect pre-microRNA detection. In this experiment we trained machine learning classifiers such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression and k-Nearest Neighbours to predict pre-microRNA hairpin loops in insects while using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique and Near-Miss to handle the class imbalance. The trained model on Support Vector Machine achieved accuracy of 92.19% while the Random Forest attained an accuracy of 80.28% on our validation dataset. These models are hosted online as web application called RNAinsecta. Further, searching target for the predicted pre-microRNA in insect model organism Drosophila melanogaster has been provided in RNAinsecta using miRanda at the backend where experimentally validated genes regulated by microRNA are collected from miRTarBase as target sites. RNAinsecta is freely available at https://rnainsecta.in. GitHub: https://github.com/adhiraj141092/RNAinsecta
Teriflunomide as a Therapeutic Means for Myelin Repair
Authors: Göttle Peter , Groh Janos , Reiche Laura , Gruchot Joel , Rychlik Nicole , Werner Luisa , Agrelo Iria Samper , Akkermann Rainer , Zink Annika , Prigione Alessandro , Hartung Hans-Peter , Martini Rudolf , Küry Patrick 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Promotion of myelin repair in the context of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) still represents a clinical unmet need, given that this disease is not only characterized by autoimmune activities but also by impaired regeneration processes. Hence, this relates to replacement of lost oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths - the primary targets of autoimmune attacks. Endogenous remyelination is mainly mediated via activation and differentiation of resident oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) whereas its efficiency remains limited and declines with disease progression and aging. Teriflunomide has been approved as a first-line treatment for relapsing remitting MS. Beyond its role in acting via inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis leading to a cytostatic effect on proliferating lymphocyte subsets, this study aims to uncover its potential to foster myelin repair.
Methods: Within the cuprizone mediated de-/remyelination model teriflunomide dependent effects on oligodendroglial homeostasis and maturation, related to cellular processes important for myelin repair were analyzed in vivo. Teriflunomide administration was performed either as pulse or continuously and markers specific for oligodendroglial maturation and mitochondrial integrity were examined by means of gene expression and immunohistochemical analyses. In addition, axon myelination was determined using electron microscopy.
Results: Both pulse and constant teriflunomide treatment efficiently boosted myelin repair activities in this model, leading to accelerated generation of oligodendrocytes and restoration of myelin sheaths. Moreover, teriflunomide restored mitochondrial integrity within oligodendroglial cells.
Conclusion: The link between de novo pyrimidine synthesis inhibition, oligodendroglial rescue, and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis appears as a key for successful myelin repair and hence for protection of axons from degeneration.
Association of vitamin D deficiency with metabolic factors in a cohort of Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hussein Khulood 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ranks among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in premenopausal women and refers to a spectrum that includes hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. This study explored the association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic and endocrine disorders in Saudi women with PCOS.
Methods: A total of 163 women (80 cases with PCOS and 83 controls) were recruited, and their serum 25(OH)D and metabolic parameters were assessed. A serum 25(OH)D level under 12 ng/ml was used to classify a participant as vitamin D deficient. The variation in vitamin D levels of the PCOS and control groups was the primary outcome measure. Additional outcomes analyzed were associations between serum 25(OH)D values and metabolic abnormalities in cases of PCOS.
Results: The PCOS group had serum 25(OH)D values that were significantly less than those of healthy women in the control group (P<0.01). Vitamin D deficiency was seen in a significantly higher proportion of patients with PCOS than those without (P<0.01); however, this difference was not seen for vitamin D insufficiency status. A significant negative correlation was recorded between serum 25(OH)D values and the metabolic parameters assessed, namely, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone (P<0.05). Elevated BMI and HOMA-IR were regarded as risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in Saudi women with PCOS.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in Saudi women with PCOS in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with an even higher prevalence in women who are obese and insulin resistant. Low serum 25(OH)D was linked to metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS. Randomized control trials involving large sample sizes held in various locations are warranted to understand how vitamin D supplementation could affect metabolic health in women with PCOS.
Total neoadjuvant treatment (consolidation chemotherapy) provides highest rate of clinical complete response for rectal cancer: Median 5-year long-term oncological outcomes in patients with treated WW protocol
Authors: Asoglu Oktar , Bulut Alisina , Aliyev Vusal , Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolò , Guven Koray , Bakır Barıs , Goksel Suha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim: To reveal whether chemoradiotherapy-consolidation chemotherapy (CRT-CNCT) treatment provides more organ preservation in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and its effect on oncological outcomes.
Method: Retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained database was performed. Oncological outcomes of mid-low LARC patients (n=60) were analyzed after a follow-up of 63 (50-83) months. Patients with clinical complete response (cCR) were treated with the watch-and-wait (WW) protocol. Patients who could not achieve cCR were treated with total mesorectal excision (TME) or local excision (LE).
Results: Thirty-nine (65%) patients who achieved cCR were treated with the WW protocol. TME was performed in 15 (25%) patients and LE was performed in 6 (10%) patients. During the follow-up period, 10 (25.6%) patients in the WW group had regrowth (RG) and 3 (7.6%) had distant metastasis (DM). 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 90.1% and 71.6%, respectively, in WW group. 5-y OS and DFS were 94.9% (95% CI: 88-100%) and 80% (95% CI: 55.2-100%), respectively, in the RG group. 5-y OS and DFS were 90.1% (95% CI: 78.9-100%) and 96.6% (95% CI: 89.9-100%) in the non-RG group. 5-y OS and DFS were 78% (95% CI: 55.8-100%) and 60% (95% CI: 35.2-84.8%) in TME group.
Conclusion: CRT-CNCT ​​provides cCR as high as 2/3 of LARC patients. While the WW protocol provides organ preservation, RGs developed during follow-up can be successfully salvaged without causing oncological disadvantage.
Transformer-based Convolutional Forgetting Knowledge Tracking
Authors: Liu Tieyuan , Zhang Meng , Chang Liang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Knowledge tracking is essential for online education. It can analyze a user's learning history to obtain their current knowledge mastery level and provide suggestions for their subsequent learning. When compared with the current field of knowledge tracking, some scholars found that the Transformer model is useful in time series prediction. However, through our research, we discovered that due to the context-awareness insensitivity of the Transformer dot product operation, as well as real data concentration, a lot of learning methods have the problem of training a large number of repeated knowledge points in continuous time, which leads to the ignorance of the correlation between different knowledge points. Therefore, we added a convolutional attention mechanism so that the model can better perceive contextual information. In comparison with the brain, memory is actively forgetting, passive, and people will unconsciously forget previous knowledge whilst they are learning. But as far as we know, most of the current research does not use forgetting as a factor to analyze students' status, so we will further analyze students' forgetting behavior and fuse it with the weight matrix generated by the model to further improve the accuracy of the model. Therefore, we propose a Transformer-based convolutional forgetting knowledge tracking (TCFKT). We verify the model’s effect on several real learning record data sets. The experimental results show that our model performs better than other knowledge tracking models.
Additive prognostic value of serum calcium to the ESC risk stratification in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Ali Adila , Liu Yu , Peng Lige , Pu Jiaqi , Yi Qun , Zhou Haixia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypocalcemia has been shown to be involved in the adverse outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism (APE). We aimed to determine the incremental value of adding hypocalcemia, defined as serum calcium level ≤ 2.12 mmol/L, on top of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) prognostic algorithm, for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in APE patients, which in turn could lead to the optimization of APE management.
Methods
This study was conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2016 to December 2019. Patients with APE were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 2 groups based on serum calcium levels. Associations between hypocalcemia and adverse outcomes were assessed by Cox analysis. The accuracy of risk stratification for in-hospital mortality was assessed with the addition of serum calcium to the current ESC prognostic algorithm.
Results
Among 803 patients diagnosed with APE, 338 (42.1%) patients had serum calcium levels ≤ 2.12 mmol/L. Hypocalcemia was significantly associated with higher in-hospital and 2-year all-cause mortality compared to the control group. A serum calcium level ≤ 2.12 mmol/L in patients with ESC-defined low risk identified a group with a mortality of 2.5%, improving the negative predictive value up to 100%, while in high-risk patients, it indicated a group of high early mortality of 25%.
Conclusion
Our study identified serum calcium as a novel predictor of mortality in patients with APE. In the future, serum calcium may be added to the commonly used ESC prognostic algorithm for better risk stratification of patients suffering from APE.
The Approximate Greedy Algorithm for Robot Coin Collection Problem
Authors: Chen Shuhuan , Xie Jianguo , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Similar to the relationship between marginal and joint distribution in form, we put forward a novel approximate greedy algorithm for Robot Coin Collection Problem. By reducing the coin distribution in the matrix to the marginal distribution, we can perform the greedy selection on the marginal distribution and locate the sub-matrix most likely to pick up the most coins. Moreover, we can obtain the approximate solution by recursion. The space complexity can be reduced to O(m+n) under the condition that the time complexity is guaranteed to be O(mn) without increasing the original problem conditions. Meanwhile, in the worse case, twice the maximum number of coins picked up by our method is more than that of the optimal solution. If we extend the dimension of the matrix to x-dimension, x ≥ 2, the space complexity can be reduced to O(mx-1) while the time complexity is still O(mx).
Variant in a gene encoding a serotonin receptor increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case control study
Authors: Penno Juliana Regina Chamlian Zucare , Santos-Bezerra Daniele Pereira , Cavaleiro Ana Mercedes , Sousa Ana Maria Silva , Zaccara Tatiana Assunção , Costa Rafaela Alkmin , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Correa-Giannella Maria Lucia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Given the importance of the serotoninergic system for the adaptation of beta cells to the increased insulin demand during pregnancy, we hypothesized that genetic variations (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) in the HTR2B gene could influence the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods
This was a case-control study. Five SNPs (rs4973377, rs765458, rs10187149, rs10194776, and s17619600) in HTR2B were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 453 women with GDM and in 443 pregnant women without GDM.
Results
Only the minor allele C of SNP rs17619600 conferred an increased risk for GDM in the codominant model (odds ratio [OR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–3.09; P < 0.0001) and in the rare dominant model (OR 2.32; CI 1.61–3.37; P < 0.0001). No associations were found between the SNPs and insulin use, maternal weight gain, newborn weight, or the result of postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the overall population, carriers of the XC genotype (rare dominant model) presented a higher area under the curve (AUC) of plasma glucose during the OGTT, performed for diagnostic purposes, compared with carriers of the TT genotype of rs17619600.
Conclusions
The presence of the rare allele C in the SNP rs17619600 in HTR2B gene increased the risk of GDM.
Exploring the Common Genetic Signature and Molecular Mechanisms Between Gastritis and Gastric Cancer: A bioinformatics-coupled Network Pharmacology Analysis
Authors: Song Xiaotong , Qin Xiaoyan , Wang Heping , Xu Manman , Wang Xinmiao , Ni Baoyi , Zhu Guanghui , Li Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGastric cancer is a highly prevalent type of cancer among digestive system tumors. Early screening and intervention of gastric cancer can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. This paper aims to explore the driver genes associated with gastritis-gastric cancer progression and the therapeutic role of Chinese medicine based on bioinformatics analysis of microarray data. First, the microarray dataset GSE55696 of gastritis and gastric cancer was downloaded from the GEO database. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify the gene modules associated with gastritis and gastric cancer. And the microarray dataset GSE130823 of gastritis and gastric cancer was downloaded for validation by differential gene analysis, and a total of 15 crossover genes were obtained. Second, the Kaplan-Meier plotter was used for survival analysis to determine the relationship between crossover genes and gastric cancer survival, resulting in CA1, CARNS1, CHAD, CLIC5, CXCL5, KRT6B, OSM, PEBP4, and RGL3 as biomarkers for the progression of chronic gastritis to early gastric cancer. Finally, the HERB database was used to search for compounds and herbs related to gastritis and gastric cancer progression, and to build a “target-compound-herb” network. And operating AutoDockTools 1.5.7 software for molecular docking of core components and core targets. Scopolamine alcohol, fraxetin, 6-aminopurine, citrulline and coumarin showed good docking activity with CA1, CARNS1, CXCL5, CHAD, and KRT6B. In conclusion, CA1, CARNS1, CHAD, CLIC5, CXCL5, KRT6B, OSM, PEBP4, and RGL3 may be used as biomarkers for the progression of chronic gastritis to early gastric cancer. Scopolamine, fraxetin, 6-aminopurine, citicoline, and coumarin may be novel agents against gastritis-gastric cancer progression.