bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Consolidated Samples for Collapse Columns under Seepage-Stress Coupling Effects
Authors: Du Yanhui , Yin Dawei , Yu Shijian , Liu Hongyang , Liu Weitao , Zhang Xiangkai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Triaxial seepage tests were conducted on the consolidated collapse column specimens to investigate their mechanical properties under seepage-stress coupling effects using a triaxial multifield coupled mechanical test system for rocks. The effects of initial consolidation pressures and specimen components on mechanical properties and seepage characteristics of consolidated collapse column specimens were analyzed. Test results showed the following: (1) The stress–strain curves of consolidated collapse column specimens could be classified in three stages, namely, compaction stage, linear deformation stage, and creep-like deformation stage, while the permeability during loading showed an obvious four-stage evolution of gradual decrease, stable development, rapid increase, and slow decrease. (2) Under same sample components, the permeability characteristics of consolidated collapse column specimens showed an obvious initial consolidation pressure effect. The initial consolidation pressure changed the distribution of pores and fractures in the specimens, leading to a decreased peak permeability as the initial consolidation pressure increased. (3) At the initial stage of loading, the permeability of consolidated specimens was mainly affected by the initial consolidation pressure, and the corresponding permeability decreased with the increase of the consolidation pressure. When the consolidated specimens were gradually compacted, the main factor influencing the permeability changed to the specimen components. The peak permeability of consolidated specimens comprising grey mudstone and conglomerate was the largest, while the fuchsia mudstone would reduce the specimen permeability, and the peak permeability decreased with the fuchsia mudstone components.
Bioorthogonal click chemistry-based labelling of proteins in living neuronal cell lines and primary neurons
Authors: Arsić Aleksandra , Nikić-Spiegel Ivana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Developments in microscopy techniques have brought about a demand for new protein labelling methods. Labelling tags should be small and ideally compatible with live-cell imaging. An elegant protein labelling technique that fulfils these criteria is based on genetic code expansion and bioorthogonal click chemistry. Genetic code expansion allows incorporation of clickable UAAs into proteins of interest which are subsequently directly labelled with small fluorescent dyes using click chemistry. While previous work has mainly focused on easy-to-transfect standard cell lines, recent publications have described applications of this technology in primary neurons. Here, we report a detailed protocol for transfections and bioorthogonal click chemistry-based labelling of intracellular proteins in living primary neurons.
Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Chicken-Bile Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: A Mechanistic Insight Into Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity
Authors: MONDAL ANUPAM , Mondal Arghadip , Sen Kamalesh , Debnath Priyanka , Mondal Naba Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The fast-growing urbanization and slow progress in the field of waste management have led to the accumulation of large quantities of animal wastes. Present work focused on the synthesis of low-cost and eco-friendly chicken bile juice mediated silver nanoparticles (BJ-AgNP). Results reveals that bile juices have enough potentiality towards the synthesis of almost uniform sizes (average size < 50 nm) of BJ-AgNPs which remains stable for more than 6 months. Response surface methodology (RSM) successfully demonstrated the optimised condition of AgNP-BJ synthesis. Factor like concentration of salt and bile extract and temperature are significantly responsible for the synthesis of nanoparticle which was further characterized using UV-Vis, TEM, FESEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and EDS. The synthesised nanoparticle showed excellent bactericidal activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with MIC and MBC of 40 and 50 µg/mL for Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441) and 60 and 60 µg/mL for Eschecheria coli (MTCC-1687) respectively. The synthesized nanoparticle also acted as an antibiofilm agent against Bacillus subtilis, with ~89% biofilm inhibition efficacy at 4 X MIC, having optimal bacterial concentration of 106 CFU/mL. Therefore, present findings clearly demonstrated that an absolute animal waste could be a valuable ingredient in the field of therapeutic nanoscience.
Navigating personal and professional development through social media: a cross-sectional survey of ophthalmologists
Authors: He Bonnie , Tanya Stuti , Costello Fiona , Kherani Femida , Shamie Neda , Zhu Dagny 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Despite its popularity in ophthalmology, the role of social media as a tool for networking, mentorship, and community support amongst ophthalmologists remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate how ophthalmologists use social media for personal and professional purposes.
Methods

This was a cross-sectional survey study whereby a 40-item questionnaire investigating the role of social media for personal and professional use was developed and distributed to residents, fellows and practicing ophthalmologists in Canada and the United States. Responses were analyzed using descriptive and basic statistics.
Results

149 respondents (67% women) completed the survey, with 56% of participants between the ages of 25-35 years old. Women were more likely to report experiencing workplace discrimination (p<0.005) and work-life disharmony (p<0.05) compared to men, and social media was found to be useful in overcoming those challenges (p<0.005 and p<0.001 respectively). Younger respondents (<45 years old) cited more challenges with practice management (p<0.005) and turned to social media for corresponding guidance (p<0.05). Compared to late career ophthalmologists, trainees were more likely to report difficulties with career advancement (p<0.05), practice management (p<0.0001) and financial planning (p<0.05), with social media beneficial for developing financial literacy (p<0.05).
Conclusions

Social media is an invaluable tool for enhancing professional and personal growth among individuals in ophthalmology, particularly for women, trainees, and those early in their career stages. Future directions include exploring how social media can be used to enrich mentorship and networking opportunities in ophthalmology.
Insights Into the Degradation of Carbamazepine by Persulfate Activated by Chalcopyrite：degradation Mechanism and Synergy With Zero-valent Iron
Authors: Xi GaoYang , Chen Shunxun , Zhang Xuhang , Xing Yu , He Zhengguang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, natural chalcopyrite (NCP) was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to oxidatively degrade carbamazepine (CBZ). The physical and chemical properties before and after the NCP reaction were characterized by Scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer（SEM-EDS）, X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer（XRF）and Vibration sample magnetometer（VSM）. The effects of the amount of NCP and PMS, the initial pH value, and the reaction temperature on the catalytic performance of NCP were systematically studied. The research results show that the degradation efficiency of NCP/PMS system for CBZ can reach 82.34% under the optimal reaction conditions, and the degradation process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results of radical quenching experiment and EPR analysis show that the active species in the system are OH∙, SO4∙ and 1O2, of which SO4∙ is the main active species. In addition, this study shown that only with the assistance of 0.15g/L Fe0, the efficiency of the NCP/PMS system to degrade CBZ can be as high as 90.73%.This study determined the optimal reaction conditions for natural chalcopyrite to activate PMS to degrade CBZ and clarified the activation mechanism, which broadened the application of natural ores in the field of water treatment.
Analyzing the Role of Environmental Technologies and Environmental Policy Stringency on Green Growth in China
Authors: Chen Li , Tanchangya Papel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental technological innovations and environmental policy stringency on green economic growth in China. The empirical analysis of the study is based on the ARDL model. The estimates from the ARDL model confirm that the estimate of environmental technology positively impacts green economic growth both in the short and long run. In the robust model, the estimates of all technologies appeared to be significantly positive in the short and long run. Conversely, the estimated coefficients of environmental policy stringency, in the basic and robust model, have only negatively impacted the green economic growth in China in the short run. In the long run, the environmental policy stringency has not shown any significant impact on green economic growth in China in the basic and robust model.
Transmission of B.1.617.2 Delta Variant Between Vaccinated Healthcare Workers
Authors: Kemp Steven A. , Cheng Mark TK , Hamilton Will , Kamelian Kimia , Singh Sujeet , Rakshit Partha , Aggrawal Anurag , Illing Christopher J.R. , Gupta Ravindra K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant have been reported in vaccine recipients and in individuals infected with previous variants. Studies of viral spread within hospital settings have highlighted the potential for transmission between patients and health care workers, and highlighted the benefits of high-grade respiratory protection for health care workers. However the extent to which vaccination is preventative of viral spread in health care settings is less well studies. We here analyse data from health care workers in two hospitals in India, constructing probable transmission networks from epidemiological and virus genome sequence data using a suite of computational approaches. A maximum likelihood reconstruction of transmission involving known cases of infection suggests a high probability that doubly vaccinated health care workers transmitted SARS-CoV-2 between each other, and highlights potential cases of virus transmission between individuals who had received two doses of vaccine. Our findings support the need for ongoing infection control measures even in highly vaccinated populations.
The Novel Hub Genes of Klinefelter Syndrome Affect Sperm Cell Differentiation: Analysis Based on RNA-Seq and scRNA-Seq Data
Authors: He Hai-Hong , Yu Fan , Huang Ting-Ting , Chen Ke-Yan , Guo Shi-Xing , Zhang Li-Jun , Tang Xi , Yuan Xin-Hua , Zhou Yi-Wen , Liu Jiao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
In this study, the Hub genes that are closely associated with spermatogenesis in klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients were identified, mainly through transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)data.
Methods
Transcriptome data were obtained from 3 adult 4 fetal KS patients and 8 normal individuals. ScRNA-seq data were obtained from 1 adult KS patient and 4 normal individuals. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed using limma's method. The testicular tissue-specific protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were analysed through the NetworkAnalyst website. The CytoHubba plugin was used to draw Veen Diagram. Integration of scRNA-seq data using the Seurat package. Developmental trajectories of sperm cells and hub genes were constructed by using the monocle3.
Results
The results of the GSE103905 and GSE103613 transcriptome datasets show a total of 700 DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis focused on memory, methylation, ATPase activity and mitochondrion. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) focused on metabolic pathways, huntington's disease and nicotinamide metabolism. Four Hub genes (KIF2C, MRPS2, RPS15, TSFM) that have not been reported to be associated with KS were identified. Single-cell sequencing data showed that only KIF2C and RPS15 were expressed in sperm cells. hub genes' Pseudotime analysis showed a decreasing trend in RPS15 expression and an increasing trend in KIF2C expression throughout sperm development.
Conclusion
In this study, two RPS15 and KIF2C were identified that may be closely associated with spermatogenesis in KS patients, but there may be differences in the mechanisms by which they affect sperm development.
Tutorial On Support Vector Machines
Authors: Bridgelall Raj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of this tutorial is to help students grasp the theory and applicability of support vector machines (SVMs). The contribution is an intuitive style tutorial that helped students gain insights into SVM from a unique perspective. An internet search will reveal many videos and articles on SVM, but many of them give simplified explanations that leave gaps in the derivations that beginning students cannot fill. Most free tutorials lack guidance on practical applications and considerations. The software wrappers in popular programming libraries such as Python and R hide many of the operational complexities. Free software tools often use default parameters that ignore domain knowledge or leave knowledge gaps about the important effects of SVM hyperparameters, resulting in misuse and subpar outcomes. The author uses this tutorial as a course reference for students studying artificial intelligence and machine learning. The tutorial derives the classic SVM classifier from first principles and then derives the practical form that a computer uses to train a classification model. An intuitive explanation about confusion matrices, F1 score, and the AUC metric extend insights into the inherent tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity. A discussion about cross-validation provides a basic understanding of hyperparameter tuning to maximize generalization by balancing underfitting and overfitting. Even seasoned self-learners with advanced statistical backgrounds have gained insights from this tutorial style of intuitive explanations, with all related considerations for tuning and performance evaluations in one place.
Peptide Nanoarray Scaffold Vaccine for SARS-COV-2 and Its Variants of Concerns
Authors: Zagorski Karen , Pandey Kabita , Rajaiah Rajesh , Olwenyi Omalla , Bade Aditya , Acharya Arpan , Johnston Morgan , Filliaux Shaun , Lyubchenko Yuri , Byrareddy Siddappa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The current vaccine development strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic utilize whole inactive or attenuated viruses, virus-like particles, recombinant proteins, and antigen-coding DNA and mRNA with various delivery strategies. While highly effective, these vaccine development strategies are time-consuming and often do not provide reliable protection for immunocompromised individuals, young children, and pregnant women. Here, we propose a novel modular vaccine platform to address these shortcomings using chemically synthesized peptides and identified based on the validated bioinformatic data about the target. The vaccine is based on the rational design of an immunogen containing two defined B-cell epitopes from the spike protein of SARS-Co-V2 and a universal T-helper epitope PADRE assembled on the DNA scaffold. The results demonstrate that this assembly is immunogenic and generates neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and its variants of concerns (VOC). This newly designed peptide nanoarray scaffold vaccine is useful in controlling virus transmission in immunocompromised individuals, as well as individuals who are prone to vaccine-induced adverse reactions. Given that the immunogen is modular, epitopes or immunomodulatory ligands can be easily introduced in order to tailor the vaccine to the recipient. This also allows the already developed vaccine to be modified rapidly according to the identified mutations of the virus.
Confocal Corneal Microscopy in the Evaluation of Immune-related Motor Neuron Disease Syndrome
Authors: Jiao Lin , Zhang Yuanjin , Wang Haikun , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of confocal corneal microscopy (CCM) in the diagnosis of immune-related motor neuron disease syndrome and evaluation of the response to immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: Seventy-two patients with clinical manifestations of motor neuron disease (MND) were analysed. According to whether they had concomitant rheumatic immune disease or rheumatic immune antibody abnormalities, they were divided into an MND group (33 patients) and an immune-related MND syndrome group (39 patients). Another 10 healthy adults were selected as the control group. All individuals were examined by CCM. Results: For Langerhans cell density (LCD), the area under the ROC curve was 0.8, the best cut-off was 67.7 cells/mm2, the sensitivity was 79.5%, and the specificity was 72.7%. For inferior whorl length (IWL), the area under the ROC curve was 0.674, the best cut-off was 17.41 mm/mm2, the sensitivity was 69.2%, and the specificity was 66.7%. After immunosuppressive therapy in 5 patients with immune-related MND syndrome, the LCD was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant change in the IWL (P>0.05). Conclusion: The LCD and IWL are ideal for distinguishing MND from immune-related MND syndrome. The LCD reflects immunotherapy response sensitively.
Analysis of the Physiological Load on Lumbar Vertebrae in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Finite-element Study
Authors: Hwang Jong-Moon , Kang Sungwook , Park Chan-Hee , Lee Subum , Min Yu-Sun , Kim Chul-Hyun , Cho Mingoo , Jung Gu-Hee , Kim Dong-Hee , Kim Kyoung-Tae 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the difference in physiological loading on the spine in three different motions (flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation) between osteoporotic and normal spines, using finite element modelling.Methods: A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model centered on the lumbar spine was constructed. We applied two different material properties of osteoporotic and normal spines. For the FE analysis, three loading conditions (flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation) were applied.Results: The load was higher on the nucleus pulposus at all vertebral levels in all movements, in the osteoporosis group than in the normal group. On the annulus fibrosus, the load increased at the level of L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S in the flexion-extension group and at L4-L5 and L5-S levels in the lateral bending group. The values of flexion-extension and lateral bending increased in two motions in the L4 and L5 cortical bones and in axial rotation at the level of L5. Additionally, the load increased in the lower endplate of L5-S and L4-L5 in all movements, especially lateral bending. Even in the group with no increase, there was a part that received increased load locally for each element in the three-dimensional reconstructed view of the pressure distribution in color.Conclusion: The load on the lumbar region in the three loading conditions, was greater in most components of osteoporotic vertebrae than in normal vertebrae and the value was highest in the nucleus pulposus. Considering the increase in the measured load and the local increase in the pressure distribution, we believe that these results can contribute to explaining discogenic pain and degeneration.
Loss of function variant in SMIM1 is associated with reduced energy expenditure and weight gain
Authors: Frontini Mattia , Stefanucci Luca , Moslemi Camous , Tome Ana , Virtue Samuel , Gleadall Nicholas , Watson Laura , Kwa Jing , Burden Frances , Farrow Samantha , Chen Ji , Võsa Urmo , Burling Keith , Baker Peter , Warner James , Frary Amy , Rehnstrom Karola , Ashford Sofie , Piper Jo , Biggs Gail , Erber Wendy , Hoffman Gary , Schoenmakers Nadia , Erikstrup Christian , Rieneck Klaus , Dziegiel Morten , Ullum Henrik , Azzu Vian , Vacca Michele , Bayraktar Omer Ali , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Ostrowski Sisse , Astle William , Olsson Martin L. , Storry Jill R. , Pedersen Ole , Ouwehand Willem , Chatterjee Krishna , Vuckovic Dragana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Blood group antigens are the archetypal example of human genetic variation. Here, we characterised the functional metabolic consequences in individuals homozygous for a 17bp deletion in SMIM1 (rs566629828; minor allele frequency 0.0147) and thus lacking the protein defining the Vel blood group. Our analysis, in separate cohorts of SMIM1-/- individuals (UK Biobank, NHS Blood and Transplant, Danish Blood Donor Study, Copenhagen Hospital Biobank) and a mouse model, identified an increase in body weight accompanied by a range of metabolic differences, including dyslipidemia, changes in the leptin-adiponectin ratio, increased liver enzymes and lower total thyroid hormone levels. These changes in the metabolic state were at least in part due to a reduction in resting energy expenditure, as assessed during an in-depth clinical assessment of SMIM1-/- individuals. Additionally, electronic health records suggest that individuals lacking this 78-amino-acid type II transmembrane protein may be more prone to cerebral bleeds and thrombotic stroke.
Identification and Validation of TNFRSF4 as a High-profile Biomarker for Prognosis and Immunomodulation in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Ma Heng , Feng Penghui , Yu Shuangni , Lu Zhaohui , Yu Qi , chen Jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The interaction between tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumors offers various targets in mounting anti-tumor immunotherapies. However, the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in endometrial carcinoma (EC) are still limited. Here, we aimed to analyze the TME features and identify novel prognostic biomarkers for EC. Methods: ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, univariate Cox regression, and functional enrichment analysis were performed to identify immune- and survival-related hub genes as well as possible molecular mechanisms. The limma package and deconvolution algorithm were adopted to estimate the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and their relationship with the target gene. In validation section, tissue microarrays (TMAs) of EC and multiplex immunohistochemistry (m-IHC) were evaluated to validate the expression of TNFRSF4, and its correlation with immune markers, including CD4, CD8, and FOXP3. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the efficacy of TNFRSF4, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3 in diagnosing EC. Results: Two genes, TNFRSF4 and S1PR4, were screened out from 386 intersection differential expression genes (DEGs) shared by ImmuneScore and StromalScore in EC. Highlighted by TNFRSF4, we found that it was not only positively correlated with the TICs (mainly CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Tregs) but significantly related to diagnosis and prognosis in patients of EC, both verified by data from the TCGA database and clinical samples. At the same time, the expression trend of TNFRSF4 was further confirmed by an integrated meta-analysis based on six microarrays from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Conclusions: Collectively, TNFRSF4 could serve as a high-profile biomarker to robustly predict immune microenvironment, clinical diagnosis, and prognosis for EC.