bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Interleukin-6 in Anemia of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, in Pre-dialysis Stage
Authors: Mohamed Esmail Eman Ahmed , A. Safa Mohamed , Esheba Noha E. , Abd-Elnaby Amira Y. , Mohamed Hegazy Hegazy 
Published: April 2022

Background: Anemia is common in chronic kidney patients. Interleukin-6 plays an important role in anemia. No studies were performed on the role of Interleukin-6 in anemia of pre-dialysis adult chronic kidney disease, so we performed this study to highlight this point.
Methods: A case control study conducted on 50 patients with CKD and 30 apparently healthy volunteers as a control group. They were further subdivided into: 1a: 12 CKD patients with 12 > Hb >10 and 1b: 38 CKD patients with moderate or severe anemia. Hb <10 gm/dl. Group 2: 30 healthy volunteers. All participants were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations including CBC, KFTs, LFTs and serum IL6 assay by ELIZA.
Results: Hb, HCT and MCV were significantly lower among group Ia and group Ib patients in comparison to group II, but CKD patients’ groups had significantly higher IL-6 level than control group with no significant difference between patients’ groups (group Ia and group Ib). Significant negative correlation was detected between IL6 and both Hb and HCT among patients and control group.
Conclusions: IL6 is significantly higher in chronic kidney patients in comparison to controls. It also correlates negatively with hemoglobin level and hematocrit. IL6 has a good sensitivity of 83.3% at a cutoff value of 74.7ng/l. So, it can be used as a prognostic marker of anemia in chronic kidney patients.
Competency Based Medical Education: An Overview and Application in Pathology
Authors: Vimal Shruti 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The Competency-based curriculum is the turning point in medical education and holds much potential in the current trends of medical transformation in India. It provides an outcome-based approach with the integration of knowledge, skills, attitude, values, and ethics. In comparison to the older curriculum, it differs in clarity, cohesion and has a comprehensive approach.
Methods: The study aims to discuss and evaluate in detail the process and establishment of a competency-based medical curriculum in the pathology department and highlights the ups and downs of the experience. It was set up following the guidelines provided by NMC under competency-based undergraduate curriculum for the Indian medical graduate, state university guidelines references from the internet, and peer review from other institutions.
Results: The new curriculum has bought many positive changes and requires a radical change in the approach of faculty, institution, and students.
Discussion: General preparedness, outgoing and flexible attitude, consistency, and long-term commitment to a transformation from being a facilitator will be the prime needs to make the new “Indian medical graduate.”
Scalable Platform for Nanocrystal‐Based Quantum Electronics
Authors: Sestoft Joachim E. , Gejl Aske N. , Kanne Thomas , Schlosser Rasmus D. , Ross Daniel , Kjær Daniel , Grove‐Rasmussen Kasper , Nygård Jesper 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnlocking the full potential of nanocrystals in electronic devices requires scalable and deterministic manufacturing techniques. A platform offering compelling paths to scalable production is microtomy, the technique of cutting thin lamellas with large areas containing embedded nanostructures. So far, this platform has not been used for the fabrication of electronic quantum devices. Here, microtomy is combined with vapor–liquid–solid growth of III/V nanowires to create a scalable platform that can deterministically transfer large arrays of single and fused nanocrystals—offering single unit control and free choice of the target substrate. Electronic devices are fabricated on cross‐sectioned InAs nanowires with good yield, and their ability to exhibit quantum phenomena such as conductance quantization, single‐electron charging, and wave interference are demonstrated. Finally, it is devised how the platform can host rationally designed semiconductor/superconductor networks relevant to emerging quantum technologies.
Versatile Biogenic Electrolytes for Highly Performing and Self‐Stable Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Cavinato Luca M. , Millán Gonzalo , Fernández‐Cestau Julio , Fresta Elisa , Lalinde Elena , Berenguer Jesús R. , Costa Rubén D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLight‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are the simplest and cheapest solid‐state lighting technology for soft and/or single‐use purposes. However, a major concern is a transition toward eco‐friendly devices (emitters/electrolytes/electrodes) to meet green optoelectronic requirements without jeopardizing device performance. In this context, this study shows the first biogenic electrolyte applied to LECs, realizing self‐stable and highly performing devices with cellulose‐based electrolytes combined with archetypical emitters (conjugated polymers or CPs and ionic transition‐metal complexes or iTMCs). In contrast to reference devices with traditional electrolytes, self‐stability tests (ambient storage/thermal‐stress) show that devices with this bio‐electrolyte hold film roughness and photoluminescence quantum yields over time. In addition, charge injection is enhanced due to the high dielectric constant, leading to high efficacies of 15 cd A−1@3750 cd m−2 and 2.5 cd A−1@600 cd m−2 associated with stabilities of 3000/7.5 h and 153/0.7 J for CPs/iTMCs‐LECs, respectively. They represent four‐/twofold enhancement compared to reference devices. Hence, this novel biogenic electrolyte approach does not reduce device performance as in the prior‐art bio‐degradable polymer and DNA‐hybrid electrolytes, while the easiness of chemical modification provides plenty of room for future developments. All‐in‐all, this study reinforces the relevance of carbohydrate‐based electrolytes not only for energy‐related applications, but also for a new field in lighting.
A New Class of Solution Processable Pyrazino[2,3‐g]quinoxaline Carbazole Derivative Based on D–A–D Architecture for Achieving High EQE in Yellow and White OLEDs
Authors: Vishwakarma Vinod Kumar , Nagar Mangey Ram , Lhouvum Neichoihoi , Jou Jwo‐Huei , Ammathnadu Sudhakar Achalkumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new pyrazino[2,3‐g]quinoxaline carbazole derivative with branched alkyl peripheral chains PQC‐12b with a donor–acceptor–donor nonplanar architecture is reported. PQC‐12b exhibits high molar extinction coefficients, low bandgap, bright emission behavior in solution and solid‐state, along with positive solvatochromism. PQC‐12b is used in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) either as sole emissive material or as a guest in different host materials. Amongst these different host–guest OLEDs, CBP‐based device with the optimized concentration of PQC‐12b shows maximum values for power efficacy (PEmax) of 14.1 lm W−1, current efficacy of 26.8 cd A−1, external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 8.0%, and lifetime of 5.1 h at an initial luminance of 5000 cd m−2 with a low power efficacy roll‐off and roll‐up character in current efficacy and EQE. A triplet exciton harvesting approach is employed by incorporating thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter 4CzIPN to obtain a PEmax of 33.4 lm W−1, a CEmax of 56.3 cd A−1, an EQEmax of 15.3%, and a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 29 400 cd m−2. Utility of the compound in solution‐processable white OLED is explored and interestingly showed a PEmax of 42.2 lm W−1, a CEmax of 40.3 cd A−1, an EQEmax of 12.0%, and Lmax of 24 667 cd m−2.
Uncovering the Potential of Boronic Acid and Derivatives as Radical Source in Photo(electro)chemical Reactions
Authors: Pillitteri Serena , Ranjan Prabhat , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Sharma Upendra K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe chemistry of boron compounds has been profoundly investigated in the last decades, leading to ubiquity in many synthetic applications as well as biologically active molecules. Since the advent of photoredox catalysis, an upsurge in the discovery of suitable radical precursors has been witnessed, and boron is becoming a protagonist in this field. Despite many studies focused on trifluoroborates, the use of boronic acids and esters have received much less attention in this regard. Because of their high oxidation potential, the development of methods to enable their involvement in photocatalyzed reactions is only recent. Nonetheless, this review summarizes novel strategies developed to unlock their role as radical precursors in photochemical reactions and discloses the potential that boronic acids and esters own, when their intrinsic chemical properties are exploited.magnified image
Nanoscale Double‐Heterojunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Guan Yongxin , Zhou Enbo , Zhang Xiang , Wang Yaobing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe active sites and charge/mass transfer properties in electrocatalysts play vital roles in kinetics and thermodynamics of electrocatalysis, and impose direct impacts on electrocatalytic performance, which cannot be achieved by a simplex structure. As a prototype, the authors propose a double‐heterojunctional nanostructure of NiS2/Ni3C@C containing NiS2/Ni3C and Ni3C/C heterojunctions as a general model to optimize the above issues and boost electrocatalytic performance. During the thermal reorganization, the in situ reaction between NiS2 nanoparticles and carbon induces the formation of Ni3C between them and constructs tightly contacted two kinds of interfaces among the three components. The TEM and XPS reveal the intimately contacted three components and the as‐constructed interacted dual interfaces, further confirming the formation of a porous double‐heterojunctional nanostructure. Theoretical calculations uncover that the electron density redistribution occurs at Ni3C/C interface by spontaneous electron transfer from defected carbon to Ni3C and lower ΔGH* achieves at NiS2/Ni3C interface by the concentrated interfacial charge density, which favors the simultaneous realization of high catalytic activity and rapid charge/mass transfer. When applied for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the porous double‐heterojunctional NiS2/Ni3C@C exhibits excellent HER activity and durability among all pH values. Profoundly, this special double‐heterojunctional structure can provide a new model for high‐performance electrocatalysts and beyond.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, in vitro, in silico, and in vivo studies of binuclear Cu (II), Ni (II), Ru (II), and Zn (II) complexes with tetradentate Schiff base ligand
Authors: Marimuthu Bhuvaneswari , Michael Samuel , Jeyaraman Porkodi , Arulanandam Xavier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel Schiff base macrocyclic ligand was synthesized by the condensation of 4‐(3,4‐diaminophenyl)benzene‐1,2‐diamine with β‐naphthol‐1‐aldehyde. Binuclear complexes were synthesized from this Schiff base by reaction with Cu (II), Ni (II), Ru (II), and Zn (II) metal salts. Square planar geometrical structures of Cu (II), Ni (II), and Ru (II) complexes were achieved by several physicochemical methods, namely UV–Vis, FT‐IR, NMR, ESI‐Mass, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level were carried out to gain an insight into the thermodynamic stability and biological accessibility of the complexes. Moreover, molecular docking analysis was done against a novel target protein PDB: 6M71 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Both the Schiff base ligand and metal complexes showed excellent interaction with protein receptor. All the metal complexes have the strong tendency to undergo intercalation mode of binding with CT DNA. All the in vivo and in vitro screening studies showed that the complexes exhibit higher activities than the free Schiff base.
Performance of the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria in Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy and Anti–Melanoma Differentiation–Associated Protein 5 Positivity
Authors: So Ho , So Jacqueline , Lam Tommy Tsz‐On , Wong Victor Tak‐Lung , Ho Roy , Li Wai Ling , Mok Chi Chiu , Lau Chak Sing , Tam Lai‐Shan 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) could appropriately classify the diagnosis in adult patients with anti–melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 (anti–MDA‐5)–positive IIM. In addition, this study sought to determine whether a status of anti–MDA‐5 positivity could be incorporated into the EULAR/ACR IIM classification criteria set and whether the recently modified criteria based on the presence of myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) could be used to appropriately classify the diagnosis in patients with anti–MDA‐5–positive IIM.MethodsConsecutive adult patients clinically diagnosed as having anti–MDA‐5–positive IIM from 10 hospitals in Hong Kong were retrospectively recruited; patient characteristics were obtained from electronic medical records. We used a commercial line blot immunoassay to detect MSAs. We also determined a proposed set of phenotypic‐serologic classification criteria specific for anti–MDA‐5.ResultsIn the patient cohort (n = 120; 31.7% with dermatomyositis, 68.3% with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis [CADM]), the diagnosis could be classified with the EULAR/ACR criteria in 86 patients (71.7%) and with the Bohan and Peter criteria in 49 patients (40.8%). However, when combined with criteria specifically modified for CADM, the diagnosis could be classified by the Bohan and Peter criteria in 76.7% of patients. We observed that the sensitivity of the EULAR/ACR criteria could be improved to 98.3% if anti–MDA‐5 antibody–positive status was considered as one of the criteria. The MSA‐based criteria had 100% sensitivity. When we applied our proposed specific phenotypic‐serologic criteria for the classification of patients with anti–MDA‐5 antibodies, 97.5% of patients were able to be classified as having IIM.ConclusionIn this cohort of patients with anti–MDA‐5–positive IIM, the diagnosis could not be classified by the EULAR/ACR criteria in almost 30% of patients. We suggest incorporating anti–MDA‐5 antibody positivity as a criterion into existing criteria sets or developing specific criteria for patients with anti–MDA‐5–positive IIM.
Hg(II)‐Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization of Alkynyl Hydrazones: Towards a New Reaction‐Based Sensing Approach for Hg(II) Ions
Authors: Buse Tütüncü Büşra , Cebeci Miray , Emrullahoğlu Mustafa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrawing upon an intramolecular cyclization/annulation reaction sequence mediated by Hg2+ ions, a BODIPY‐based fluorescent probe decorated with an alkynyl hydrazone motif responds rapidly and selectively to Hg2+ ions, with a detection limit of 29 nM and a fluorescence turn‐on ratio of 15‐fold. With the addition of Hg2+ ions, the BODIPY‐based alkynyl hydrazone transforms into a pyrazole ring to mediate a turn‐on emission response clearly observable to the naked eye under visible light excitation.
“It Felt More like a Revolution.” How Behavioral Ecology Succeeded Ethology, 1970–1990
Authors: Stuhrmann Cora 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs soon as ethology's status diminished in the early 1970s, it was confronted with two successor disciplines, sociobiology and behavioral ecology. They were able to challenge ethology because it no longer provided markers of strong disciplinarity such as theoretical coherence, leading figures and a clear identity. While behavioral ecology developed organically out of the UK ethological research community into its own disciplinary standing, sociobiology presented itself as a US competitor to the ethological tradition. I will show how behavioral ecology took the role of legitimate heir to ethology by rebuilding a theoretical core and an intellectual sense of community, while sociobiology failed to use its public appeal to reach disciplinary status. Meanwhile, ethology changed its disciplinary identity to encompass all biological studies of animal behavior.
Typologies of Canadian young adults who drive after cannabis use: A two‐step cluster analysis
Authors: Huỳnh Christophe , Beaulieu‐Thibodeau Alexis , Fallu Jean‐Sébastien , Bergeron Jacques , Jacques Alain , Brochu Serge 
Published: April 2022

AbstractYoung adults that drive after cannabis use (DACU) may not share all the same characteristics. This study aimed to identify typologies of Canadians who engage in DACU. About 910 cannabis users with a driver's license (17–35 years old) who have engaged in DACU completed an online questionnaire. Two‐step cluster analysis identified four subgroups, based on driving‐related behaviors, cannabis use and related problems, and psychological distress. Complementary comparative analysis among the identified subgroups was performed as external validation. The identified subgroups were: (1) frequent cannabis users who regularly DACU; (2) individuals with generalized deviance with diverse risky road behaviors and high levels of psychological distress; (3) alcohol and drug‐impaired drivers who were also heavy frequent drinkers; and (4) well‐adjusted youths with mild depressive‐anxious symptoms. Individuals who engaged in DACU were not a homogenous group. When required, prevention and treatment need to be tailored according to the different profiles.
The Structure‐Function Relationship of Human Bleomycin Hydrolase: Mutation of a Cysteine Protease into a Serine Protease
Authors: Zheng Yi‐Zhen , Cui Jingxuan , Wang Yung‐Lin , Huang Szu‐Jo , Lin En‐Chi , Huang Sheng‐Cih , Rudolf Jeffrey D. , Yan Xiaohui , Chang Chin‐Yuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman bleomycin hydrolase (hBH) catalyzes deamidation of the anticancer drug bleomycins (BLM). This enzyme is involved in BLM detoxification and drug resistance. Herein, we report the putative BLM‐binding site and catalytic mechanism of hBH. The crystal structures and biochemical studies suggest that hBH cleaves its C‐terminal residue without significant preference for the type of amino acid, and therefore can accordingly accommodate the β‐aminoalanine amide moiety of BLM for deamidation. Interestingly, hBH is capable of switching from a cysteine protease to a serine protease that is unable to cleave the secondary amide of hBH C‐terminus but reacts with the primary amide of BLMs.
Catalytic Radical Reactions of Unsaturated Sugars
Authors: Goti Giulio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe functionalization of unsaturated carbohydrates is a powerful approach for the synthesis of a variety of glycoside derivatives, sugar mimics, and enantiomerically pure molecules. This Review will discuss recently developed catalytic radical methods for the functionalization of glycals, exo‐glycals, and exo‐enes, highlighting the opportunities they offer for new reaction design. While providing new routes for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates, catalytic radical transformations of unsaturated sugars overcome the limitations that typically affect classical protocols, such as the use of stoichiometric oxidants/reductants and hazardous and toxic reagents. Currently unaddressed challenges will also be discussed, suggesting new directions for future work and fostering new methodological developments and applications in the field.
CeO2 Supported Gold Nanocluster Catalysts for CO Oxidation: Surface Evolution Influenced by the Ligand Shell
Authors: Truttmann Vera , Drexler Hedda , Stöger‐Pollach Michael , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Negishi Yuichi , Barrabés Noelia , Rupprechter Günther 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonolayer protected Au nanocluster catalysts are known to undergo structural changes during catalytic reactions, including dissociation and migration of ligands onto the support, which strongly affects their activity and stability. To better understand how the nature of ligands influences the catalytic activity of such catalysts, three types of ceria supported Au nanoclusters with different kinds of ligands (thiolates, phosphines and a mixture thereof) have been studied, employing CO oxidation as model reaction. The thiolate‐protected Au25/CeO2 showed significantly higher CO conversion after activation at 250 °C than the cluster catalysts possessing phosphine ligands. Temperature programmed oxidation and in situ infrared spectroscopy revealed that while the phosphine ligands seemed to decompose and free Au surface was exposed, temperatures higher than 250 °C are required to efficiently remove them from the whole catalyst system. Moreover, the presence of residues on the support seemed to have much greater influence on the reactivity than the gold particle size.
Nanometric‐Thick Metal‐Free h‐Boron Nitride/Graphene Films as Base Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzoxazoles
Authors: Rendón‐Patiño Alejandra , Primo Ana , Cojocaru Bogdan , Gabriela Ion Sabina , Popescu Dana G. , Parvulescu Vasile , García Hermenegildo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCatalysts are frequently used as pelletized powdered materials, but rarely as thin films. The present work reports the use of 2D h‐boron nitride on few layers defective graphene (h‐BN/fl‐G) films of about 10 nm thickness as base catalyst for the synthesis of benzoxazoles by coupling a 2‐amino‐phenol with p‐substituted benzaldehydes. The synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives has aroused much interest in the last decades due to their application as potent anticancer agents against MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that these nanometer‐thick films exhibit three orders of magnitude higher activity than K2CO3 taken as benchmark base catalyst. The activity and selectivity of h‐BN/fl‐G films depend on the nature of substituents on benzaldehyde, the solvent and reaction temperature.
Resources to respond: A career construction theory perspective on demands, adaptability, and career crafting
Authors: Nalis Irina , Kubicek Bettina , Korunka Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study tests and extends the career construction theory's model of adaptation and provides valuable insights into the interplay of agency and structure in career self‐management. It studies the interactive effect of career adaptability resources with intensified career demands on career crafting by examination of structural predictors for adapting responses, and the role of career adaptability as a moderator between intensified demands and career crafting responses. Using a representative sample of the German working population (N = 2000), the authors test the model with structural equation modeling. Latent structure analysis showed that each of the four career adaptabilities strengthens the relationship between intensified career demands and the career crafting responses of goal setting/networking and reflection. It suggests to focus strongly on the development of career resources in order to enable career crafting.
Chloride Anion Adsorption from Wastewater Using a Chitosan/β‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Composite
Authors: Zhao Jun , Tang Qilong , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Tong , Liu Duo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to remove Cl− ions from wastewater, an adsorbent composite with high efficiency for Cl− adsorption was prepared by the crosslinking method, where chitosan (CTS) was used as the matrix to crosslink the β‐cyclodextrin polymer (β‐CDP). The preparation conditions of the composite membrane were optimized based on the chloride adsorption effect. The chloride adsorption performances of the CTS/β‐CDP complex and the CTS/β‐CDP composite membrane were significantly higher than that of the CTS‐only membrane, and the composite membrane showed slightly better performance than the complex. The structure and properties of the chitosan/β‐cyclodextrin‐based composite membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared composite material can be used for the adsorptive removal of Cl− in water, with further research and development prospects.