bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Winter Subsurface on the Following Summer Variability in Northern California Current System
Authors: Ray Sulagna , Bond Nicholas , Siedlecki Samantha , Hermann Albert J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTemperature variations in the North and tropical Pacific contribute to the predictability of temperatures along the 26.4σ isopycnal layer off the Northern California Current System (N‐CCS). Monthly temperature variations at this depth in the N‐CCS are related to a linear combination of factors, including North Pacific spice anomalies, and the PDO and ENSO climate indices. However, the mechanisms for seasonal predictability of subsurface temperatures, are not well explored. While wind and buoyancy driven deep winter mixing influence subsurface temperatures during the following summer in the deep basin of the North Pacific, a coupled atmosphere‐ocean reanalysis (the CFSR) reveals that winter prior surface temperatures explain only 25% of the summer subsurface temperatures in the N‐CCS. A heat budget of the intermediate layer between a temporally varying mixed layer and the 26.4σ level is diagnosed here to explore the possible role of oceanic advection in explaining the remaining variance. Warmer waters from the south near the coast drive temperature changes in ENSO‐neutral winters, thereby preconditioning temperatures for the following summer. During ENSO winters, isopycnal variations associated with propagating coastal kelvin waves and other sources of heaving, along with anomalous alongshore currents, drive convergence/divergence of the advective fluxes, thereby reducing the local memory of the winter subsurface temperatures. Variations in winter advection could account for almost 36% of the summer subsurface temperature variability in the N‐CCS; this exceeds the portion explained by the heat fluxes associated with deep winter mixing.
The implementation of large-scale genomic screening or diagnostic programmes: A rapid evidence review
Authors: Alarcón Garavito Germán Andrés , Moniz Thomas , Déom Noémie , Redin Federico , Pichini Amanda , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenomic healthcare programmes, both in a research and clinical context, have demonstrated a pivotal opportunity to prevent, diagnose, and treat rare diseases. However, implementation factors could increase overall costs and affect uptake. As well, uncertainties remain regarding effective training, guidelines and legislation. The purpose of this rapid evidence review was to draw together the available global evidence on the implementation of genomic testing programmes, particularly on population-based screening and diagnostic programmes implemented at the national level, to understand the range of factors influencing implementation. This review involved a search of terms related to genomics, implementation and health care. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published between 2017–2022 and found in five databases. The review included thirty articles drawing on sixteen countries. A wide range of factors was cited as critical to the successful implementation of genomics programmes. These included having policy frameworks, regulations, guidelines; clinical decision support tools; access to genetic counselling; and education and training for healthcare staff. The high costs of implementing and integrating genomics into healthcare were also often barriers to stakeholders. National genomics programmes are complex and require the generation of evidence and addressing implementation challenges. The findings from this review highlight that there is a strong emphasis on addressing genomic education and engagement among varied stakeholders, including the general public, policymakers, and governments. Articles also emphasised the development of appropriate policies and regulatory frameworks to govern genomic healthcare, with a focus on legislation that regulates the collection, storage, and sharing of personal genomic data.
The WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Msemburi William , Karlinsky Ariel , Knutson Victoria , Aleshin-Guendel Serge , Chatterji Somnath , Wakefield Jon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe World Health Organization has a mandate to compile and disseminate statistics on mortality, and we have been tracking the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 20201. Reported statistics on COVID-19 mortality are problematic for many countries owing to variations in testing access, differential diagnostic capacity and inconsistent certification of COVID-19 as cause of death. Beyond what is directly attributable to it, the pandemic has caused extensive collateral damage that has led to losses of lives and livelihoods. Here we report a comprehensive and consistent measurement of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by estimating excess deaths, by month, for 2020 and 2021. We predict the pandemic period all-cause deaths in locations lacking complete reported data using an overdispersed Poisson count framework that applies Bayesian inference techniques to quantify uncertainty. We estimate 14.83 million excess deaths globally, 2.74 times more deaths than the 5.42 million reported as due to COVID-19 for the period. There are wide variations in the excess death estimates across the six World Health Organization regions. We describe the data and methods used to generate these estimates and highlight the need for better reporting where gaps persist. We discuss various summary measures, and the hazards of ranking countries’ epidemic responses.
Primate gastrulation and early organogenesis at single-cell resolution
Authors: Zhai Jinglei , Guo Jing , Wan Haifeng , Qi Luqing , Liu Lizhong , Xiao Zhenyu , Yan Long , Schmitz Daniel A. , Xu Yanhong , Yu Dainan , Wu Xulun , Zhao Wentao , Yu Kunyuan , Jiang Xiangxiang , Guo Fan , Wu Jun , Wang Hongmei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOur understanding of human early development is severely hampered by limited access to embryonic tissues. Due to their close evolutionary relationship with humans, nonhuman primates are often used as surrogates to understand human development but currently suffer from a lack of in vivo datasets, especially from gastrulation to early organogenesis during which the major embryonic cell types are dynamically specified. To fill this gap, we collected six Carnegie stage 8–11 cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) embryos and performed in-depth transcriptomic analyses of 56,636 single cells. Our analyses show transcriptomic features of major perigastrulation cell types, which help shed light on morphogenetic events including primitive streak development, somitogenesis, gut tube formation, neural tube patterning and neural crest differentiation in primates. In addition, comparative analyses with mouse embryos and human embryoids uncovered conserved and divergent features of perigastrulation development across species—for example, species-specific dependency on Hippo signalling during presomitic mesoderm differentiation—and provide an initial assessment of relevant stem cell models of human early organogenesis. This comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas not only fills the knowledge gap in the nonhuman primate research field but also serves as an invaluable resource for understanding human embryogenesis and developmental disorders.
An increase in mitochondrial TOM activates apoptosis to drive retinal neurodegeneration
Authors: Periasamy Agalya , Mitchell Naomi , Zaytseva Olga , Chahal Arjun S. , Zhao Jiamin , Colman Peter M. , Quinn Leonie M. , Gulbis Jacqueline M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntronic polymorphicTOMM40variants increasingTOMM40mRNA expression are strongly correlated to late onset Alzheimer’s Disease. The gene product, hTomm40, encoded in theAPOEgene cluster, is a core component of TOM, the translocase that imports nascent proteins across the mitochondrial outer membrane. We usedDrosophila melanogastereyes as an in vivo model to investigate the relationship between elevated Tom40 (theDrosophilahomologue of hTomm40) expression and neurodegeneration. Here we provide evidence that an overabundance of Tom40 in mitochondria invokes caspase-dependent cell death in a dose-dependent manner, leading to degeneration of the primarily neuronal eye tissue. Degeneration is contingent on the availability of co-assembling TOM components, indicating that an increase in assembled TOM is the factor that triggers apoptosis and degeneration in a neural setting. Eye death is not contingent on inner membrane translocase components, suggesting it is unlikely to be a direct consequence of impaired import. Another effect of heightened Tom40 expression is upregulation and co-association of a mitochondrial oxidative stress biomarker,DmHsp22, implicated in extension of lifespan, providing new insight into the balance between cell survival and death. Activation of regulated death pathways, culminating in eye degeneration, suggests a possible causal route fromTOMM40polymorphisms to neurodegenerative disease.
Study the effect of drying on the oxidation thermogravimetric and functional group composition characteristics of immersed lignite
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhang Chunhua , Han Yongliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe drying process of immersed lignite has a significant influence on the characteristics and progress of spontaneous combustion. To reveal the influence mechanism of the drying process of immersed coal on the spontaneous combustion characteristics and the change rule of the spontaneous combustion process, in this research, we measured the mass change during coal oxidation with thermogravimetry, and the change of the functional groups with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The influence of the drying process on the coal was analyzed by comparing activation energy, functional group of immersed coal with different drying degrees and raw coal. The results showed that, compared with raw coal, the content of Ar–C–O– and antisymmetric stretching vibration of the carboxylate group (–COO–) as well as the stretching vibration in the quinone group (C=O) and the –OH group increased. For the content of $$\delta s.{\text{RCH}}_{{3}}$$

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, the value of Asym.CH2/Asym.CH3 decreased. The content of various functional groups changed to be favorable for oxidation and heat release. At different reaction stages, the activation energy was differently affected by the degree of drying. Average values of activation energies at different reaction stages are shown raw coal had the lowest activation energy. After soaking in water and drying, the activation energy of coal is increased to varying degrees, the reactivity is reduced, and the risk of spontaneous combustion is reduced. After soaking in water and drying, the activation energy of coal is increased to varying degrees, the reactivity is reduced, and the risk of spontaneous combustion is reduced. The activation energy of the coal samples dried for 24 h after soaking in water is the lowest among the coal samples dried for different times after soaking in water, and the moisture content is 10.5%.
Edaphic controls of soil organic carbon in tropical agricultural landscapes
Authors: Wells Jon M. , Crow Susan E. , Sierra Carlos A. , Deenik Jonathan L. , Carlson Kimberly M. , Meki Manyowa N. , Kiniry Jim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPredicting soil organic carbon (SOC) is problematic in tropical soils because mechanisms of SOC (de)stabilization are not resolved. We aimed to identify such storage mechanisms in a tropical soil landscape constrained by 100 years of similar soil inputs and agricultural disturbance under the production of sugarcane, a C4 grass and bioenergy feedstock. We measured soil physicochemical parameters, SOC concentration, and SOC dynamics by soil horizon to one meter to identify soil parameters that can predict SOC outcomes. Applying correlative analyses, linear mixed model (LMM) regression, model selection by AICc, and hierarchical clustering we found that slow moving SOC was related to many soil parameters, while the fastest moving SOC was only related to soil surface charge. Our models explained 78–79%, 51–57%, 7–8% of variance in SOC concentration, slow pool decay, and fast pool decay, respectively. Top SOC predictors were roots, the ratio of organo-complexed iron (Fe) to aluminum (Al), water stable aggregates (WSagg), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Using hierarchical clustering we also assessed SOC predictors across gradients of depth and rainfall with strong reductions in Roots, SOC, and slow pool decay associated with increasing depth, while increased rainfall was associated with increased Clay and WSagg and reduced CEC in surface soils. Increased negative surface charge, water stable aggregation, organo-Fe complexation, and root inputs were key SOC protection mechanisms despite high soil disturbance. Further development of these relationships is expected to improve understanding of SOC storage mechanisms and outcomes in similar tropical agricultural soils globally.
Canopy dieback and recovery in Australian native forests following extreme drought
Authors: Losso Adriano , Challis Anthea , Gauthey Alice , Nolan Rachael H. , Hislop Samuel , Roff Adam , Boer Matthias M. , Jiang Mingkai , Medlyn Belinda E. , Choat Brendan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn 2019, south-eastern Australia experienced its driest and hottest year on record, resulting in massive canopy dieback events in eucalypt dominated forests. A subsequent period of high precipitation in 2020 provided a rare opportunity to quantify the impacts of extreme drought and consequent recovery. We quantified canopy health and hydraulic impairment (native percent loss of hydraulic conductivity, PLC) of 18 native tree species growing at 15 sites that were heavily impacted by the drought both during and 8–10 months after the drought. Most species exhibited high PLC during drought (PLC:65.1 ± 3.3%), with no clear patterns across sites or species. Heavily impaired trees (PLC > 70%) showed extensive canopy browning. In the post-drought period, most surviving trees exhibited hydraulic recovery (PLC:26.1 ± 5.1%), although PLC remained high in some trees (50–70%). Regained hydraulic function (PLC < 50%) corresponded to decreased canopy browning indicating improved tree health. Similar drought (37.1 ± 4.2%) and post-drought (35.1 ± 4.4%) percentages of basal area with dead canopy suggested that trees with severely compromised canopies immediately after drought were not able to recover. This dataset provides insights into the impacts of severe natural drought on the health of mature trees, where hydraulic failure is a major contributor in canopy dieback and tree mortality during extreme drought events.
Clinical outcomes of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus in kidney transplantation recipients: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kang Eunjeong , Lee Jangwook , Kang Dong Hyun , Park Jina , Park Sehoon , Kim Yong Chul , Kim Dong Ki , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Park Minsu , Lim Yaeji , Lee Hajeong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPosttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an important metabolic complication after KT that causes graft failure and cardiovascular complications in kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. Using the national claim data of South Korea, 7612 KT recipients between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed. PTDM was defined as a consecutive 30-day prescription history of antidiabetic medication after KT. Among these patients, 24.7% were diagnosed with PTDM, and 51.9% were diagnosed within 6 months after KT. Compared to patients without PTDM, those with PTDM were older, more likely to be men, more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension and cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and experienced more rejection episodes requiring high-dose steroid treatment after KT. During the follow-up, 607 DCGFs, 230 DWGFs, 244 MACEs, and 260 all-cause mortality events occurred. Patients with PTDM showed a higher risk of DCGF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–1.82; P < 0.001) and MACEs (aHR 1.76; 95% CI 1.33–2.31; P < 0.001) than patients without PTDM. The risks for all clinical outcomes were higher in the insulin group than in the non-use insulin group. PTDM in KT recipients resulted in both worse allograft and patient outcomes represented by DCGF and MACE, especially in patients needing insulin treatment.
The impact of depression and physical multimorbidity on health-related quality of life in China: a national longitudinal quantile regression study
Authors: Pan Tianxin , Anindya Kanya , Devlin Nancy , Mercer Stewart W. , McPake Barbara , van Heusden Alex , Zhao Yang , Hao Xiuqi , Marthias Tiara , Lee John Tayu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe co-occurrence of mental and physical chronic conditions is a growing concern and a largely unaddressed challenge in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the independent and multiplicative effects of depression and physical chronic conditions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in China, and how it varies by age and gender. We used two waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2015), including 9227 participants aged ≥ 45 years, 12 physical chronic conditions and depressive symptoms. We used mixed-effects linear regression to assess the effects of depression and physical multimorbidity on HRQoL, which was measured using a proxy measure of Physical Component Scores (PCS) and Mental Component Scores (MCS) of the matched SF-36 measure. We found that each increased number of physical chronic conditions, and the presence of depression were independently associated with lower proxy PCS and MCS scores. There were multiplicative effects of depression and physical chronic conditions on PCS (− 0.83 points, 95% CI − 1.06, − 0.60) and MCS scores (− 0.50 points, 95% CI − 0.73, − 0.27). The results showed that HRQoL decreased markedly with multimorbidity and was exacerbated by the presence of co-existing physical and mental chronic conditions.
Distribution and postnatal development of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the perineuronal nets of cholinergic motoneurons innervating extraocular muscles
Authors: Ritok Adrienn , Kiss Peter , Zaher Anas , Wolf Ervin , Ducza Laszlo , Bacskai Timea , Matesz Clara , Gaal Botond 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFine control of extraocular muscle fibers derives from two subpopulations of cholinergic motoneurons in the oculomotor-, trochlear- and abducens nuclei. Singly- (SIF) and multiply innervated muscle fibers (MIF) are supplied by the SIF- and MIF motoneurons, respectively, representing different physiological properties and afferentation. SIF motoneurons, as seen in earlier studies, are coated with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan rich perineuronal nets (PNN), whereas MIF motoneurons lack those. Fine distribution of individual lecticans in the composition of PNNs and adjacent neuropil, as well as the pace of their postnatal accumulation is, however, still unknown. Therefore, the present study aims, by using double immunofluorescent identification and subsequent morphometry, to describe local deposition of lecticans in the perineuronal nets and neuropil of the three eye movement nuclei. In each nucleus PNNs were consequently positive only with WFA and aggrecan reactions, suggesting the dominating role of aggrecan is PNN establishment. Brevican, neurocan and versican however, did not accumulate at all in PNNs but were evenly and moderately present throughout the neuropils. The proportion of PNN bearing motoneurons appeared 76% in oculomotor-, 72.2% in trochlear- and 78.3% in the abducens nucleus. We also identified two morphological subsets of PNNs, the focal and diffuse nets of SIF motoneurons. The process of CSPG accumulation begins just after birth, although considerable PNNs occur at week 1 age around less than half of the motoneurons, which ratio doubles until 2-month age. These findings may be related to the postnatal establishment of the oculokinetic network, performing different repertoires of voluntary eye movements in functionally afoveolate and foveolate animals.
Current-state opacity verification in discrete event systems using an observer net
Authors: Labed Abdeldjalil , Saadaoui Ikram , Wu Naiqi , Yu Jiaxin , Li Zhiwu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to the proliferation of contemporary computer-integrated systems and communication networks, there is more concern than ever regarding privacy, given the potential for sensitive data exploitation. A recent cyber-security research trend is to focus on security principles and develop the foundations for designing safety-critical systems. In this work, we investigated the problem of verifying current-state opacity in discrete event systems using labeled Petri nets. A system is current-state opaque provided that the current-state estimate cannot be revealed as a subset of secret states. We introduced a new sub-model of the system, named an observer net. The observer net have the same structure as the plant, but it is distinguished by the use of colored markers as well as simultaneous and recursive transition enabling and firing, which offer an efficient state estimation. We considered two settings of the proposed approach: an on-line setting, in which a current-state opacity algorithm is proposed. The algorithm waits for the occurrence of an observable event and determines if the current observation of a plant reveals the secret behaviour, as well as, an off-line setting, where the verification problem is solved based on a state estimator called a colored estimator. In this context, necessary and sufficient conditions for verifying opacity are developed with illustrative examples to demonstrate the presented approach.
Unemployment and hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress
Authors: Lawes Mario , Hetschko Clemens , Schöb Ronnie , Stephan Gesine , Eid Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnemployment is widely considered an important chronic stressor. Using longitudinal data of initially employed German jobseekers, the present study examines whether unemployment is related to changes in hair cortisol concentration (HCC), a reliable biomarker for chronic stress. The results indicate that HCC is the highest initially when individuals are insecurely employed and decreases as people gain certainty about whether they enter unemployment or not. We find no effects when comparing the average changes in HCC between individuals who entered unemployment to those of continuously employed individuals. However, medium-term unemployment was associated with a stronger mean increase in HCC if re-employment expectations were low compared to when re-employment expectations were high. Taken together, our results support two key conclusions. First, experiencing the uncertainty of looming unemployment is associated with more pronounced cortisol secretion than unemployment itself. Second, whether working or being unemployed is associated with higher HCC is highly context-dependent, with poor re-employment prospects during unemployment being a key predictor of increased HCC. Overall, our study provides further evidence that the physiological stress system is especially sensitive to uncontrollable situations and unfamiliar challenge.