bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival of patients with very early onset colorectal cancer: a population‑based analysis
Authors: Dong Bingtian , Chen Yuping , Lyu Guorong 
Published: March 2022

In contrast to the declining incidence in older populations, the incidence of very early onset colorectal cancer (VEO-CRC) patients (aged ≤40 years) has been increasing in different regions of the world. In this study, we aimed to establish nomogram models for the prognostic prediction of patients with VEO-CRC for both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Patients diagnosed with VEO-CRC between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were collected and randomly assigned to the training cohort and validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3 for model construction and internal validation. Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to screen important variables, which were then used to construct a nomogram. The nomogram was evaluated using calibration curves and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A total of 3061 patients were included and randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 2145) and validation cohort (n = 916). Five independent prognostic factors, including race, grade, tumor size, AJCC stage, and AJCC T stage were all significantly identified in OS multivariate Cox regression analysis. Meanwhile in CSS, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that race, grade, tumor size, AJCC stage, AJCC T stage, AJCC N stage, and SEER stage were independent prognostic factors. The calibration plots of the established nomograms indicated high correlations between the predicted and observed results. C-index and ROC analysis implied that our nomogram model has a strong predictive ability. Moreover, nomograms also showed higher C-index values compared to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) and SEER stages. We established and validated a simple-to-use nomogram to evaluate the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS prognosis of patients with VEO-CRC. This tool can assist clinicians to optimize individualized treatment plans.
Persepsi Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Tentang Kreativitas Menggambar Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Nurbaiti Siti Mahdalia , Mariyana Rita , Rengganis Ira 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh keingintahuan penulis tentang bagaimana persepsi guru Pendidikan Guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dalam memandang Kreativitas menggambar anak. Hal ini didasari karena penulis sering melihat guru yang menjadikan aktivitas menggambar hanya sebatas kegiatan formalitas yang tanpa di dasari pengetahuan guru tentang kreativitas menggambar itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatahui bagaimana persepsi guru PAUD terhadap Kreativitas Menggambar anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Fenomenologi. Partisipan yang dijadikan responden ialah 6 orang guru kelas B yang terdiri dari 2 guru yang mengajar di sekolah berakreditasi A, 2 guru yang mengajar di sekolah berakreditasi B, dan 2 guru yang mengajar di sekolah tak terakreditasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, guru dirasa sudah memahami konsep dasar kreativitas menggambar itu sendiri, hanya saja belum memahami secara detail dan lengkap sehingga dalam penerapannya guru masih belum dapat maksimal.
VARIOUS TYPES OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING URODYNAMIC CENTER AT SURGICAL TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Faris Gona , Ismael Niyan , Qader Delan , Abdulkareem Away 
Published: March 2022

Background
Urinary incontinence is a complaint involving the involuntary leakage of urine. It has a significant health problem with psychological, social and hygienic effects on the lives of both women and their families.
Objectives
The present study aimed to determine different types of urinary incontinence among married women, identify factors that affect this condition, and discover how urinary incontinence and related factors are correlated.
Patient and Methods
The study was carried out in a Urodynamic Center at Surgical Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani City. The present descriptive case-control study was carried out on a purposive sample of 100 incontinent women admitted to the Urodynamic Center, and 100 continent women admitted to the hospital with other symptoms. In addition, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect required data through a questionnaire on risk factors for urinary incontinence.
Results
The prevalence of mixed urinary incontinence was 62% and was more in old age for both groups. The majority of the case and control group were housewives living in the urban and had no systemic disease. Age, educational level, parity, gravity, type of delivery, menopause, gynaecological exam, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were associated with urinary incontinence among cases, variables that significantly varied in the chi-square study.
Conclusion
Three-quarters of women are affected by mixed urinary incontinence. Age, obstetric history, types of gynaecological exam, menopausal state and types of delivery recognize as risk factors associated with the occurrence of different types of urinary incontinence among both groups.
ACOUSTIC STAPEDIAL REFLEX THRESHOLD IN NORMAL HEARING PARTICIPANTS IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Abdulkareem Hiwa 
Published: March 2022

Background Acoustic stapedial reflex threshold (ASRT) is an objective, important test that can be included in a test battery along with behavioural pure tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions to differentiate among middle ear, cochlear, and retro cochlear sites of the lesion. It can be used as a cross-check with a behavioural audiogram to increase confidence in the diagnosis. In most people with normal hearing thresholds and middle ear function, the acoustic stapedial reflex will be present at all frequencies and within an intensity range of 70-90 dB HL above the behavioural hearing threshold. Objectives To measure ASRT in participants with normal hearing thresholds in Sulaymaniyah city and to observe the effect of different parameters on the threshold. Patients and Methods The study was conducted on 200 participants (400 ears) who met inclusion criteria (110 males and 90 females); data were collected through visiting five different places with different age groups within three months duration. Participants were divided into three age groups (6-12 years), (13-18 years), (19 years and above).Only participants with normal otoscopic examination, normal pure tone audiometry, normal tympanogram, undergone through stapedial reflex threshold measurement, and the reflexes were elicited and recorded bilaterally by using tympanometer (Impedance meter) MAICO MI34 brand, single frequency 226 Hz of German-made model 2011. Results Mean ASRT measured in both ears was within the normal range of 70-90 dB HL above hearing threshold in both ipsilateral and contralateral pathways as Right ipsilateral (74.5 dB HL), right contralateral (76.9 dB HL), left ipsilateral (74.6 dB HL), and left contralateral (76.8 dB HL) above hearing thresholds. There was no significant difference between right and left ears according to ASRT (P-values > 0.05). There was no gender effect on ASRT (P-values > 0.05), while there was a significant effect of age on ASRT, especially in the adult population (P-values < 0.05). Conclusion A stapedial reflex threshold in normal hearing subjects was within normal range, different parameters as the side of ear and gender did not affect the threshold. In contrast, with advancing age amount of intensity needed to elicit the reflex increased.
Serum vitamin D level in newly detected tuberculosis-a case control study
Authors: Thambi Neethu , Vadakkedath Achuthhan , Shafeekk Muhammad , Kottarath Manoj Dehandath , Mavila Rajani , Veetil Padmanabhan Kadammar 
Published: March 2022

Background: Vitamin D has a significant role in host immune defence against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It has been suggested that pulmonary tuberculosis may be associated with lower levels of vitamin D. Present study was undertaken to identify the association between vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital, including 25 adult newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients as cases and 25 age and sex-matched healthy participants as control groups. All participants in the study group had undergone detailed clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations, including vitamin D level estimation. The clinical characteristics, investigations including vitamin D levels were analysed and compared with data obtained from healthy controls.Results: Majority of the study population were in the age group of 40-50, with a mean age of 46.6±14.2. There were 20 pairs of males and 5 pairs of females. Out of the cases, 18 patients had pulmonary tuberculosis while 7 had extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Nine of the cases (36% of study population), 4 (16%) of the controls were underweight. The 15 (60%) of the cases and 20 (80%) of the controls were in the normal range and 1 case and 1 control were in the pre obese range. A total of 17 cases (68%), 8 controls (32%), had some degree of vitamin D deficiency (p=0.011) which is significant and suggests an association between the two.Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pulmonary tuberculosis cases is very high.
Multiloculated peritoneal inclusion cyst in male patient: a case report
Authors: Kankariya Jeevan , Bansal Shubham 
Published: March 2022

Multilocular peritoneal inclusion cyst (MPIC), also known as benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma, is a rare mesothelial lesion arising from the peritoneal mesothelium. This condition most commonly occurs in females of reproductive age group and are very rare in males. We report a case of young male patient, presented with the chief complaint of lower abdominal pain, without any previous history of surgery. After radiological investigations which were suggestive of pelvic inclusion cysts, pt. was planned for diagnostic laparoscopy (D/L). On D/L, multiple free-floating cysts were found in pelvis between rectum and bladder which were successfully extracted and sent for histopathological examination (HPE). HPE confirmed it to be MPIC.
Focusing on the EFL Learners’ Spoken Language: An Analysis of Classroom Discourse
Authors: Masduqi Harits , Masduqi Harits , . Fatimah 
Published: March 2022

This paper discussed the spoken language produced by adult learners who attended a General English Intermediate course at one of the best English course providers in Indonesia. The writers analyzed examples of inaccurate and accurate spoken language produced by the students during an observed lesson and then shed light on possible reasons for the spoken language from linguistic point of views. The results of this study were intended to offer some insights into the nature of inaccurate and accurate spoken language in the learning of English as a foreign language. English teachers are, therefore, expected to focus not only on fluency but also on accuracy in English language teaching.
Keywords: accuracy, classroom discourse, fluency, spoken language
A Jigsaw and Educational Game: Fun Learning Tools to Enhance Reading Skills
Authors: Suspartiana Eny 
Published: March 2022

This research aimed to investigate the use of a jigsaw and educational game to maximize the reading skills of sophomores. The researchers investigated 20 students to find out the combined influence of a jigsaw and educational game to enhance reading skills. The researcher distributed questionnaires and analyzed the data by combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. Using qualitative methods, the researcher investigated the students’ attitudes towards reading three subjects by observing, taking notes and interviewing the students. For the quantitative data, the researcher investigated the students’ ability in reading by distributing a test instrument to obtain the students’ scores before and after they were exposed to the jigsaw and educational game in the Reading 3 class. The tests were taken from part of the TOEFL reading tests, chosen since the sophomores obtain TOEFL materials for their class. The combination of a jigsaw and educational game proved effective and fun as shown by the positive test results of the students: around 80% of the sophomores understood the reading texts better after implementation. The results therefore showed that if the researcher applied the strategy of combining the jigsaw and educational game, the students had fun learning activities and their understanding improved.
Keywords: jigsaw, educational games, sophomores
The Potential of ASR for Improving English Pronunciation: A Review
Authors: Putri Yaniafari Rahmati , Olivia Viga , . Suharyadi 
Published: March 2022

To pronounce well is a complex task, requiring students not only to possess knowledge of the appropriate sounds in a given context, but also to learn to use their vocal apparatus to make those sounds, equipped with extensive practice and feedback. Students in these situations require autonomous monitoring experiences to receive tailored feedback.. One of the technological tools learners can use to improve their pronunciation is Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). This provides learners with individual practice and feedback to assist them s to accomplish their language goals. This study examines the database of research on the use of ASR in pronunciation instruction and learning available on Google Scholar, Springer Link, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Taylor & Francis Online and Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ). To help the process of identification, some procedures and criteria were employedThe results revealed that ten articles met the eligibility criteria. The procedures of utilizing ASR to improve students' pronunciation competency are then discussed in this study.
Keywords: teaching speaking, teaching pronunciation, Automatic Speech Recognition
Developing a Visual Dictionary for Nursing Students
Authors: Temardi Temardi , Regina Regina , Sada Clarry 
Published: March 2022

Communication skills are highly needed for today’s society. English, as the lingua franca, is considered a soft skill that every sector, including nursing, needs to focus on to work towards global development. Nursing candidates are expected to be accustomed with terminology and vocabulary related to their major in English. However, the available learning materials are not always suitable for vocational students and their syllabi are often still too general. As a result, many students experience language barriers in understanding specific terminologies and vocabularies within the scope of nursing. This study aimed to develop discipline-specific vocabulary in the form of a visual dictionary for nursing students. The ADDIE model was employed, and questionnaires and interviews were used to gather the data. The findings of this study are expected to support the needs of students related to their major and future career.
Keywords: visual dictionary, nursing students, supplementary material
Modelling Of Sludge Drying Parameters in a Paved Drying Bed
Authors: ANYAKORA Nkolika Victoria , Ajinomoh C. S. , Ahmed A. S. , Mohammed-Dabo I. A. , Ejeh S. P. , Abba H. , Okoro J. 
Published: March 2022

Contemporary studies on the use of paved drying bed (PDB) indicate a decline in knowledge and technology-gap on the performance of this infrastructure. In consequence therefore, environmental pollution arising from untreated sludge is on the increase, especially in developing countries. In this work, model equation was developed with the existing data from field experiment using Polymath 5.1 software. The process parameters considered were temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sun intensity and drying rate. The multiple linear regression results showed that wind speed optimised the response with the highest factor coefficient of 0.12. The developed model was well validated with a correlation coefficient of 0.97, thus could serve as a useful tool for sludge treatment plant operators in evaluation and assessment of the performance of PDB.
Dress Code: Identitas, Komunikasi, dan Kreativitas
Authors: Sukirno Zakaria Lantang 
Published: March 2022

This research purpose was to describe the dress code role as the identity, creativity communication, creativity in service business organization. The research finding desribed that the higher level, mid level, and operational employees told that the uniform was part of their self’s and organization’s identity that was able to build thier proudness, to belong, to motivate in achievement, and to control their behavior. On the other hand, the customers told that the company’s uniform was representing their wish to get company’s primal service and trust. The recommendation from the employees on all levels and the customers were requiring a stylish, expensive-look, and creative, and changing the uniform periodically.
Getting Personal with Epigenetics: Towards Machine-Learning-Assisted Precision Epigenomics
Authors: Hawkins-Hooker Alex , Visona Giovanni , Narendra Tanmayee , Rojas-Carulla Mateo , Schölkopf Bernhard , Schweikert Gabriele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are dynamic control mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. Unlike the DNA sequence itself, they vary not only between individuals but also between different cell types of the same individual. Exposure to environmental factors, somatic mutations, and ageing contribute to epigenomic changes over time, which may constitute early hallmarks or causal factors of disease. Epigenetic changes are reversible and, therefore, promising therapeutic targets. However, mapping efforts to determine an individual’s cell-type-specific epigenome are constrained by experimental costs. We developed eDICE, an attention-based deep learning model, to impute epigenomic tracks. eDICE achieves improved overall performance compared to previous models on the reference Roadmap epigenomes. Furthermore, we present a proof of concept for the imputation of personalised epigenomic measurements on the ENTEx dataset, where eDICE correctly predicts individual- and cell-type-specific epigenetic patterns. This case study constitutes an important step towards robustly employing machine-learning-based approaches for personalised epigenomics.
Uncovering potential novel biomarkers in Crohn's disease using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Feng Jinggao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Crohn's disease is a chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. This study aimed to predict potential novel biomarkers of Crohn's disease.Methods: Gene expression datasets of Crohn's disease and normal samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. First, differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed. Common genes (CGs) were obtained by the intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and optimal modal genes of WGCNA. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to screen hub genes and then establish a Crohn's disease risk prediction model based on hub genes. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model. Finally, the mirTarBase database, starBase database, and TargetScan database were used to predict microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) that cause Crohn's disease.Results: A total of 74 DEGs were identified. WGCNA showed that the signature gene in the blue module was significantly associated with Crohn's disease (p=4e-6) and obtained 32 CGs. Five hub genes (CDH17, CSF1R, CXCL10, CXCL9, COL3A1) were identified and well predicted Crohn's disease risk (AUC=0.853). Meanwhile, in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and TF-mRNA regulatory network, we found that 3 miRNAs (hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-29c-3p) and 2 TFs (TCF4, HINFP) regulate multiple CGs.Conclusions: Five genes (CDH17, CSF1R, CXCL10, CXCL9 and COL3A1), three miRNAs (hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-29c-3p) and two TFs (TCF4, HINFP) may be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
Group interaction field for learning and explaining pedestrian anticipation
Authors: Wang Xueyang , Chen Xuecheng , Jiang Puhua , Yuan Xiaoyun , Ji Mengqi , Huang Ruqi , Fang Lu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anticipating others’ actions is innate and essential for humans to navigate and interact well with others in dense crowds. Such ability is urgently demanded by unmanned systems, such as service robots, self-driving cars, etc. However, existing solutions hardly predict pedestrian anticipation accurately because the influence of group-related social behaviours has not been well considered. While the group and group interactions are ubiquitous and significantly influence pedestrian anticipation, this influence is diverse and subtle, making it difficult to explicitly quantify. We innovate the group interaction field (GIF), a novel group-aware representation that quantifies the pedestrian anticipation into the probability field of pedestrians' future locations and attention orientations. An end-to-end neural network, GIFNet, is proposed to estimate the GIF from explicit multi-dimensional observations. GIFNet quantifies group behaviours' influence by formulating a group interaction graph with propagation and attention adaptive to group size and dynamic interaction states. The experimental results show that the GIF can effectively represent the change of pedestrians’ anticipation under the prominent impact of group behaviours, and predict pedestrians’ future states accurately. Moreover, the GIF contributes to explaining various anticipations of pedestrians’ behaviour in different social states. The proposed GIF can eventually innovate unmanned systems to work in a human-like manner, comply with social norms, and thereby promote a harmonious human–machine relationship.
Assessment of the Treating Physicians’ First-Hand Experience With Handling and Satisfaction of Ofatumumab Therapy: Findings From the PERITIA Survey
Authors: Rau Daniela , Eichau Sara , Borriello Giovanna , Cerqueira João , Wagner Carola 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Real-world evidence on experience and satisfaction of ofatumumab as a treatment option for relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) is limited. Objective: To present cumulative responses from a questionnaire related to first-hand experience of treating physicians on handling and convenience of ofatumumab therapy along with concerns related to COVID-19. Methods: PERITIA was a multicentre survey conducted to collect responses from the ASCLEPIOS I/II trial investigators from Europe via an online questionnaire. Results: Forty-six physicians (Germany, n=14; Spain, n=12; Portugal, n=10; Italy, n=10) completed the survey. Overall, 43% of the physicians considered the benefit-risk ratio of ofatumumab as very good. Over 93% were in favour of ofatumumab self-injection at home and the majority (83%) believed it to be completely true that self-injection of ofatumumab eases the burden for patients in terms of time. All investigators would like to potentially use anti-CD20 therapy as a long-term strategy. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians were in favour of a self-injectable MS therapy at home over other anti-CD20 therapy infusions. Conclusion: European neurologists who were part of this survey considered the benefit-risk-ratio of ofatumumab as favourable and the monthly self-administered subcutaneous injections offering convenience for patients in the clinical practice.