bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trend in the surgical management of obstructed defecation syndrome: a multicenter experience on behalf of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR)
Authors: Picciariello A. , Rinaldi M. , Grossi U. , Trompetto M. , Graziano G. , Altomare D. F. ,   SICCR ODS Study Group, Gallo G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Surgical management of obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is challenging, with several surgical options showing inconsistent functional results over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend in surgical management of ODS in a 10-year timeframe across Italian referral centers.

Methods
Surgeons from referral centers for the management of pelvic floor disorders and affiliated to the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery provided data on the yearly volume of procedures for ODS from 2010 to 2019. Six common clinical scenarios of ODS were captured, including details on patient’s anal sphincter function and presence of rectocele and/or rectal intussusception. Perineal repair, ventral rectopexy (VRP), transanal repair (internal Delorme), stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR), Contour Transtar, and transvaginal repair were considered in each clinical scenario.

Results
Twenty-five centers were included providing data on 2943 surgical patients. Procedure volumes ranged from 10–20 (54%) to 21–50 (46%) per year across centers. The most performed techniques in patients with good sphincter function were transanal repair for isolated rectocele (243/716 [34%]), transanal repair for isolated rectal intussusception (287/677 [42%]) and VRP for combined abnormalities (464/976 [48%]). When considering poor sphincter function, these were perineal repair (112/194 [57.8%]) for isolated rectocele, and VRP for the other two scenarios (60/120 [50%] and 97/260 [37%], respectively). The use of STARR and Contour Transtar decreased over time in patients with impaired sphincter function.

Conclusions
The complexity of ODS treatment is confirmed by the variety of clinical scenarios that can occur and by the changing trend of surgical management over the last 10 years.
Household disposal of pharmaceuticals: attitudes and risk perception in a UK sample
Authors: Watkins Scott , Barnett Julie , Standage Martyn , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara , Barden Ruth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPharmaceuticals can enter the environment through disposal in toilets, sinks and general waste. In the UK, household medicines are correctly disposed of by returning them to a pharmacy. This study examined household patterns of medicine waste, storage and disposal practices via a cross-sectional survey with 663 UK adults. Multiple regression was used to explore the contribution of key variables on self-reported medicines disposal behaviour. Analysis demonstrated that age, information, awareness, probability, attitude and intention all predicted correct disposal behaviour. Results indicate that multiple factors influence different disposal destinations uniquely. Affect and age increase disposal in sink/toilet but reduce disposal in bin. Presence of children increase bin and sink/toilet disposal but decrease pharmacy returns. Awareness and received information on correct disposal reduce bin disposal and increase pharmacy returns. The results suggest people use different mental models for each destination with disposal in sink/toilets and bins considered quicker and safer in the presence of children or for those feeling anxious. It is important to understand the capability, opportunity and motivation people have to return medicines to the pharmacy in addition to raising awareness of correct medicine disposal.
Consensus Head Acceleration Measurement Practices (CHAMP): Laboratory Validation of Wearable Head Kinematic Devices
Authors: Gabler Lee , Patton Declan , Begonia Mark , Daniel Ray , Rezaei Ahmad , Huber Colin , Siegmund Gunter , Rooks Tyler , Wu Lyndia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWearable devices are increasingly used to measure real-world head impacts and study brain injury mechanisms. These devices must undergo validation testing to ensure they provide reliable and accurate information for head impact sensing, and controlled laboratory testing should be the first step of validation. Past validation studies have applied varying methodologies, and some devices have been deployed for on-field use without validation. This paper presents best practices recommendations for validating wearable head kinematic devices in the laboratory, with the goal of standardizing validation test methods and data reporting. Key considerations, recommended approaches, and specific considerations were developed for four main aspects of laboratory validation, including surrogate selection, test conditions, data collection, and data analysis. Recommendations were generated by a group with expertise in head kinematic sensing and laboratory validation methods and reviewed by a larger group to achieve consensus on best practices. We recommend that these best practices are followed by manufacturers, users, and reviewers to conduct and/or review laboratory validation of wearable devices, which is a minimum initial step prior to on-field validation and deployment. We anticipate that the best practices recommendations will lead to more rigorous validation of wearable head kinematic devices and higher accuracy in head impact data, which can subsequently advance brain injury research and management.
The Shape of Phylogenies Under Phase-Type Distributed Times to Speciation and Extinction
Authors: Soewongsono Albert Ch. , Holland Barbara R. , O’Reilly Małgorzata M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhylogenetic trees describe relationships between extant species, but beyond that their shape and their relative branch lengths can provide information on broader evolutionary processes of speciation and extinction. However, currently many of the most widely used macro-evolutionary models make predictions about the shapes of phylogenetic trees that differ considerably from what is observed in empirical phylogenies. Here, we propose a flexible and biologically plausible macroevolutionary model for phylogenetic trees where times to speciation or extinction events are drawn from a Coxian phase-type (PH) distribution. First, we show that different choices of parameters in our model lead to a range of tree balances as measured by Aldous’$$\beta $$βstatistic. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to find parameters that correspond well to empirical tree balance. Next, we provide a natural extension of the$$\beta $$βstatistic to sets of trees. This extension produces less biased estimates of$$\beta $$βcompared to using the median$$\beta $$βvalues from individual trees. Furthermore, we derive a likelihood expression for the probability of observing an edge-weighted tree under a model with speciation but no extinction. Finally, we illustrate the application of our model by performing both absolute and relative goodness-of-fit tests for two large empirical phylogenies (squamates and angiosperms) that compare models with Coxian PH distributed times to speciation with models that assume exponential or Weibull distributed waiting times. In our numerical analysis, we found that, in most cases, models assuming a Coxian PH distribution provided the best fit.
Multiperspektivität im Multiplikatorenansatz
Authors: Reifegerste Doreen , Stehr Paula , Ermel Lyn , Rossmann Constanze , Lindemann Ann-Kathrin , Schulze Annett 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Betreuungspersonen von Kindern unter 7 Jahren, etwa (Groß‑)Eltern oder medizinisches und pädagogisches Personal, sind wichtige Zielgruppen für Kommunikationsmaßnahmen in der Kinderunfallprävention. Um sie zu identifizieren und zu erreichen, können Multiplikatoren aus ihren Reihen (Peers und Professionals) oder Multiplikatoren von Institutionen (Intermediäre oder Multiplikatoren zweiter Ordnung) von Bedeutung sein, die jeweils eigene Präferenzen für Informationswege und Kommunikationsanlässe aufweisen. Allerdings berücksichtigen vorhandene Multiplikatorenansätze diese Multiperspektivität und die wechselseitigen Sichtweisen der Kommunikationspartner nur unzureichend.

Zielstellung
Anhand eines Projekts zur Kinderunfallprävention haben wir daher analysiert, welche interpersonalen Informationsquellen und Informationsanlässe die jeweiligen Teilgruppen als bedeutsam erachten, um entsprechende Multiplikatoren identifizieren und erreichen zu können.

Material und Methoden
Dafür wurden insgesamt 8 Fokusgruppen und 4 Einzelinterviews mit Eltern (n = 25), medizinischem und pädagogischem Betreuungspersonal (n = 17) und Intermediären von Institutionen (n = 15) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Perspektiven der verschiedenen Multiplikatorengruppen auf genutzte Informationsquellen und Anlässe zur Informationssuche und -weitergabe deutlich unterscheiden.

Diskussion
Ein Multiplikatorenkonzept sollte die verschiedenen Perspektiven erheben und für die Entwicklung der Kommunikationsmaßnahmen berücksichtigen. Es bleibt zu prüfen, inwieweit die Ergebnisse auf andere Präventionsfelder übertragbar sind.
Hospital Variation in Preference for a Specific Bariatric Procedure and the Association with Weight Loss Performance: a Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Akpinar Erman O. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Nienhuijs Simon W. , Greve Jan Willem M. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Audit for Treatment of Obesity Research Group, de Brauw L. M. , de Castro S. M. M. , Damen S. L. , Demirkiran A. , Dunkelgrün M. , Faneyte I. F. , van ’t Hof G. , Janssen I. M. C. , Jutte E. H. , Klaassen R. A. , Lagae E. A. G. L. , Langenhoff B. S. , Luijten A. A. P. M. , Schouten R. , Smeenk R. M. , Swank D. J. , Wiezer M. J. , Vening W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Hospitals performing a certain bariatric procedure in high volumes may have better outcomes. However, they could also have worse outcomes for some patients who are better off receiving another procedure. This study evaluates the effect of hospital preference for a specific type of bariatric procedure on their overall weight loss results.

Methods
All hospitals performing bariatric surgery were included from the nationwide Dutch Audit for Treatment of Obesity. For each hospital, the expected (E) numbers of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) were calculated given their patient-mix. These were compared with the observed (O) numbers as the O/E ratio in a funnel plot. The 95% control intervals were used to identify outlier hospitals performing a certain procedure significantly more often than expected given their patient-mix (defined as hospital preference for that procedure). Similarly, funnel plots were created for the outcome of patients achieving ≥ 25% total weight loss (TWL) after 2 years, which was linked to each hospital’s preference.

Results
A total of 34,558 patients were included, with 23,154 patients completing a 2-year follow-up, of whom 79.6% achieved ≥ 25%TWL. Nine hospitals had a preference for RYGB (range O/E ratio [1.09–1.53]), with 1 having significantly more patients achieving ≥ 25%TWL (O/E ratio [1.06]). Of 6 hospitals with a preference for SG (range O/E ratio [1.10–2.71]), one hospital had significantly fewer patients achieving ≥ 25%TWL (O/E ratio [0.90]), and from two hospitals with a preference for OAGB (range O/E ratio [4.0–6.0]), one had significantly more patients achieving ≥ 25%TWL (O/E ratio [1.07]). One hospital had no preference for any procedure but did have significantly more patients achieving ≥ 25%TWL (O/E ratio [1.10]).

Conclusion
Hospital preference is not consistently associated with better overall weight loss results. This suggests that even though experience with a procedure may be slightly less in hospitals not having a preference, it is still sufficient to achieve similar weight loss outcomes when surgery is provided in centralized high-volume bariatric institutions.

Graphical Abstract
Community Heroes and Sleeping Members: Interdependency of the Tenets of Energy Justice
Authors: Astola Mandi , Laes Erik , Bombaerts Gunter , Ryszawska Bozena , Rozwadowska Magdalena , Szymanski Piotr , Ruess Anja , Nyborg Sophie , Hansen Meiken 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnergy justice literature generally treats its three tenets, distributional justice, procedural justice and recognition justice, as separate and independent issues. These are seen as separate dimensions by which criteria can be formulated for a just state of affairs. And a just state of affairs regarding energy should fulfill all criteria. However, we show, using empirical research on six European energy communities that the tenets of energy justice are interdependent and negotiated in practice. We show this interdependency using three core concerns of justice—risk, effort and power—which we identified through our empirical work. Our findings reveal that community members are often willing to take risks and put in effort, if they are compensated with more power within the community. Similarly, members are willing to compromise power if no effort or risk-taking is required from them. This demonstrates the interdependency of the tenets “procedural justice” and “distributional justice” within energy communities. We reflect on the need for energy justice theory and policymakers to recognize the significance of this interdependency.
Anthropometric study using three-dimensional pelvic CT scan in sex determination among adult Indonesian population
Authors: Setiawati Rosy , Rahardjo Paulus , Ruriana Ika , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to determine pelvic anthropometry characteristics and logistic regression formula for adult sex identification obtained from adult three-dimensional pelvic computed tomography images. This study was an observational analytical study with retrospective regression and cross-sectional approach. The population was all patients at Radiology Installation of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital as referral hospital in East Indonesian region, from September to December 2019 who underwent 3D pelvic CT examination. Then, age distribution and pelvic measurements data were obtained. In this case, statistical analysis was conducted for all the data obtained. A number of 204 samples were included in this study. All radiologic components were also significantly different between sexes (p < 0.05) except for transverse diameter of sacral segment (p = 0.180). Moreover, the conjugate pelvic inlet diameter (CPID), the left innominate height (LIH), and sub pubic angle (SPA) showed significant values for regression formula to determine an adult’s sex using 3D pelvic CT. The calculation result > 0 is a prediction for female while < 0 is a prediction for male. From logistic regression model calculation, a high validity value (91.05%) was found with 100% sensitivity to identify male sex and 81.1% specificity to identify female sex. There were differences on radiometric variable characteristics in pelvic anthropometric study among adult Indonesians at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. The estimated values of pelvic measurements using 3D CT images could develop a pelvic model with a regression formula with high accuracy value using CPID, LIH, and SPA values.
A method to obtain purified free light chain monomers and dimers from urine samples of patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Caponi Laura , Botti Alice , Romiti Nadia , Paolicchi Aldo , Franzini Maria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntibody light chains are synthesized in excess by plasma cells, and this excess can be secreted into biological fluids as dimers or monomers in various proportions. Structural differences between monomers or dimers of free light chains (FLC) can affect their biological functions and possibly their pathogenicity. They also may exhibit differential immune reactivity, perhaps explaining discrepant quantifications when measured by different immunoreagents. Having purified FLC monomers and dimers available can be useful for studying their properties. Here we propose a simple preparatory procedure to purify FLC monomers and dimers from urine samples of patients with plasma cell disorders. Two representative urine samples containing lambda or kappa FLC were loaded into a nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The gel strips containing separate monomers and dimers were excised, electroeluted, and the FLC recovered. The FLC were recovered from SDS-PAGE gel in sufficient amounts to be quantified by UV and two automated nephelometric assays immunochemical. The procedure was found to be simple, reproducible, and with a high yield, thus offering the opportunity to compare different assays. Not all urine samples are suitable for this procedure, but this approach allows for the purification of FLC monomers and dimers from many selected urine samples which maintain their oligomeric organization.
Shape optimization of a snowboard sidecut geometry
Authors: Caillaud Benoit , Gerstmayr Johannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe distribution of the contact pressure occurring under the edge of a snowboard during a carved turn is a key factor influencing the riding behaviour. These interface loads are determined by the structural design, and in particular by the sidecut geometry of the edge line. In this study, the following inverse problem was set under investigation: if a certain interface pressure distribution is wished, how can the corresponding initial geometry of the snowboard be determined? A structural optimization strategy was presented, involving parametric B-spline representation of the sidecut geometry, finite element modeling of the composite structure deforming against a rigid surface, frictional contact formulation and derivative-free algorithm. A sidecut geometry leading to a contact pressure uniformly distributed along the sidecut line was sought, to illustrate the capabilities of the method. An actual snowboard prototype was made according to the outcome of the optimization, and an experimental validation was conducted to measure the physical pressure distribution and assess the accuracy of the numerical predictions. With the proposed method, the design can be controlled by the state variables of the deformed structure rather than the initial design variables, thus providing an alternative shortcut to the classical trial and error development strategies.
Effect of herbal extracts and supplement mixture on alcohol metabolism in Sprague Dawley-rats
Authors: Choe Hyeonjeong , Yun Injue , Kim Yunyoung , Lee Ji-Heon , Shin Hyun-A. , Lee Yong-Kyu , Kim Mi-Yeon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of mixture of herbal extracts and supplementary formula (FNP-C) on hangovers and antioxidant enzymes in alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. HepG2 cells were used as the experimental cells and divided into five groups: non-treated control (normal), alcohol-induced control (control), mixture of herbal extracts (FNP-B), FNP-C, and a commercial treatment of liver diseases (Livers®); inhibition of detoxification and alcohol-induced damage was confirmed in vivo. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentration after alcohol consumption were measured in a timely manner; alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione transferase (GST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured in the liver. FNP-C exhibited the highest effect. When FNP-C was administered to alcohol-induced animals, blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentration decreased compared to FNP-B and Livers®. FNP-C reduced ADH levels and improved LDH, GSH, GST, and SOD levels. The FNP-C group was effective in preventing alcohol-induced hangovers and liver damage. Thus, FNP-C improves hangovers and increases antioxidant activity in an alcohol-induced model. Adding amino acids and vitamins to natural ingredients can potentially enhance the effect of improving hangovers.
Regularization methods for hierarchical variational inequality problems on Hadamard manifolds
Authors: Ansari Qamrul Hasan , Babu Feeroz , Uddin Moin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article proposes two regularized iterative algorithms for solving variational inequality problems defined over a solution set of a variational inclusion problem, known as hierarchical variational inequality problems, in the setting of Hadamard manifolds. Instead of regularizing the variational inequality problem or an iterative method for solving it, we first regularize the considered variational inclusion problem, and then prove that the solution of the regularized problem converges to a solution of the hierarchical variational inequality problem. Using such a result, we prove the convergence of the sequences generated by the proposed algorithms to a solution of the considered hierarchical variational inequality problem. A computational experiment is provided to see the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
First commissioning results of the coherent scattering and imaging endstation at the Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser facility
Authors: Fan Jia-Dong , Tong Ya-Jun , Nie Yong-Gan , Gao Zi-Chen , He Bo , Luan Hui , Lu Dong-Hao , Zhang Jian-Hua , Zhang Di-Fei , Yuan Xin-Ye , Chen Jia-Hua , Guo Zhi , Liu Tao , Zhang Meng , Feng Chao , Deng Hai-Xiao , Liu Bo , Zhao Zhen-Tang , Liu Zhi , Jiang Huai-Dong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL) user facility project started in 2016 and is expected to be open to users by 2022. It aims to deliver ultra-intense coherent femtosecond X-ray pulses to five endstations covering a range of 100–620 eV for ultrafast X-ray science. Two undulator lines are designed and constructed, based on different lasing modes: self-amplified spontaneous emission and echo-enabled harmonic generation. The coherent scattering and imaging (CSI) endstation is the first of five endstations to be commissioned online. It focuses on high-resolution single-shot imaging and the study of ultrafast dynamic processes using coherent forward scattering techniques. Both the single-shot holograms and coherent diffraction patterns were recorded and reconstructed for nanoscale imaging, indicating the excellent coherence and high peak power of the SXFEL and the possibility of “diffraction before destruction” experiments at the CSI endstation. In this study, we report the first commissioning results of the CSI endstation.
FIRE Study: Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Ibrutinib in Clinical Practice in Patients with CLL and MCL
Authors: Dartigeas Caroline , Slama Borhane , Doyle Margaret , Tapprich Christoph , Albrecht Claire , Dupuis Sandrine , Wapenaar Robert , Schmidt-Hieber Charlotte , Leblond Veronique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe FIRE study investigated the real-world effectiveness and safety of ibrutinib in prospectively observed patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in France. Patients were mostly relapsed/refractory with high-risk features. First-line CLL/SLL patients had del17p and/or TP53 mutations. In this interim analysis, the median follow-up time for patients with CLL/SLL and MCL was 17.7 and 15.1 months, respectively. In the effectiveness populations for CLL/SLL (n = 200) and MCL (n = 59), the median progression-free survival was not estimable and 12.4 months, respectively; the 12-month overall survival rates were 88.5% and 65.8%, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events of interest for patients with CLL/SLL (n = 202) and MCL (n = 59) included: infections and infestations (53.5% and 32.2%), major bleeding (5.0% and 5.1%), and atrial fibrillation (5.9% and 8.5%); 135 (66.8%) and 20 (33.9%) patients were continuing treatment at the time of data cutoff. Future analyses will report on longer-term follow-up (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03425591. Registered 1 February 2018—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03425591).