bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard Urotherapy for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Galen Maayke , Huskens Bibi , von Gontard Alexander , Didden Robert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Standard urotherapy (SU) is regularly used as a first-line intervention for children with incontinence. It is suggested that SU is also effective for children with neurodevelopment disabilities (NDs) when altered to the specific needs of these children. The aim of the review was to answer the following research questions: (a) what was the effectiveness of SU interventions in children with ND?, (b) which procedures and protocols were utilized during SU?, (c) what was the role of parents during SU?, and (d) what was the current evidence base regarding SU and children with NDs?

Methods
Four electronic databases (i.e., Embase, PsychInfo, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched in accordance with the JBI methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews (MMRS) in the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual for Evidence Synthesis. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) from JBI was utilized to determine the methodological quality of the studies.

Results
The search resulted in the inclusion of five articles related to SU in children with ND, indicating that research relating to SU and NDs is scarce. Results of the review indicate that SU resulted in a complete or partial positive response in 30% of the children with NDs (N = 114) based on the criteria listed by the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS). When using criteria by the authors of the included articles, the results indicate that 59% of the children achieved full continence. Most importantly, the evidence suggests that most children showed improved symptoms (e.g., reduction in urinary/fecal accidents, schedule-dependent continence) even if full continence was not obtained.

Conclusions
The review indicated that SU could be beneficial as a first-line treatment for children with NDs. Individualizing treatment to the needs of the child, parental involvement, follow-up appointments, and adding adjuncts when SU alone is not effective seem to be beneficial for this specific population. However, research relating to this topic is scarce and therefore more research needs to be completed regarding the role of parents and effective guidelines specific to different NDs. Implications for future research are discussed.
Effects of Online Mental Health Classes on Mental Health and Stigma: a Controlled Before-After Study with 1-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Edwards Ann-Marie , Garip Gulcan , Chircop James , Aledeh Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Though the importance of mental health education has been emphasised, how learning about mental health helps the learners’ mental health remains to be evaluated. Accordingly, this study aimed to appraise the mental health effects of online mental health classes in a controlled before-after study with a 1-month follow-up. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and Depression Stigma Scale were completed by 16 students in a mental health class and 12 in a non-mental health class. While there was no significant difference in depression, anxiety and stress, between groups (type of class) and within groups (assessment points), the levels of stigma were significantly lower in mental health students than non-mental health students at post-semester (p = .004). Findings illustrate temporal effectiveness of mental health classes on stigma; however, continuous education is needed to maintain the effects. Educators in mental health are recommended to design a long-term plan to support learners’ mental health.
Equestrian-Related Pelvic Trauma in Women of Childbearing Age — a Review of the Experience of a National Pelvic & Acetabular Referral Centre
Authors: McCabe Patrick , Francis Ara O. , McCabe Fergus , O’Daly Brendan J. , Leonard Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEquestrian sport in Ireland is an extremely popular sport undertaken by many and considered by most to be a relatively safe pursuit. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and severity of pelvic injuries in female amateur horse riders, referred to the Irish National Pelvic & Acetabular Referral Centre. The study was particularly focused on women of childbearing age, given the potentially catastrophic adverse outcomes associated with these injury patterns and the profound impact these injuries can have on both lifestyle and future childbirth. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients referred to the National Centre for Pelvic and Acetabular Trauma over a 30-month period from January 2018 through July 2020. Information was garnered from the national referral database, patient specific chart analysis and a review of images from the National Integrated Medical Imaging System (NIMIS). We identified a cohort of 16 females of childbearing age who sustained pelvic injuries while horse riding during this period. Four of these patients warranted surgical intervention, and with a minimum 6-month follow-up period, all were progressing satisfactorily. A review of the literature outlined the potential for profound adverse outcomes in young females suffering pelvic fractures, particularly in relation to genitourinary and pregnancy related complications. Caution should be exerted by all women of childbearing age engaging in recreational equine pursuits, and we would emphasise the importance of safety messaging and increased protective equipment for these athletes.
Effects of sickness absence on disability pension in two ethnolinguistic groups: register-based evidence from Finland
Authors: Klein Julia , Reini Kaarina , Saarela Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Swedish-speaking ethnolinguistic minority in Finland has a health advantage over the Finnish-speaking majority in terms of lower levels of sickness allowance and disability pension receipt. We examine whether this differential has consequences within the social security system by analysing the long-term risk for disability pension after sickness allowance receipt. With longitudinal population-register data covering the period 1989–2010, we observed 110,390 individuals aged 16–40 years at baseline. Using discrete-time hazard models, we estimated how first observed receipt of sickness allowance relates to disability pension receipt in the Finnish- and Swedish-speaking groups. Receipt of sickness allowance was found to be an important predictor for future disability pension receipt, but there were no systematic differences between the two ethnolinguistic groups in this respect, and the results were highly similar for men and women. These findings suggest that the social security system in Finland is non-discriminatory and provides equal treatment of both ethnolinguistic groups despite their overall health differential.
Empirical and Philosophical Reflections on Trust
Authors: POURYOUSEFI SAREH , TALLANT JONATHAN 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA dominant claim in the philosophical literature on trust is that we should stop thinking in terms of group trustworthiness or appropriate trust in groups. In this paper, we push back against this claim by arguing that philosophical work on trust would benefit from being brought into closer contact with empirical work on the nature of trust. We consider data on reactive attitudes and moral responsibility to adjudicate on different positions in the philosophical literature on trust. An implication of our argument is that the distinction between different kinds of groups—mere groups versus institutional groups—deserves more attention than is currently recognized in the philosophical literature on trust.In the first section of the paper, we draw some basic philosophical distinctions concerning the nature and kinds of trust. In section two, we present the positions taken by Hawley (2017), who argues against trust in groups, and Faulkner (2018), who argues in favor of trust in groups. In section three, we introduce some empirical data and suggest that, albeit tentatively, this looks to undermine Hawley's position and is compatible with Faulkner's approach. We thus suggest, on the basis of the evidence that we have available, that we have reasons to prefer the position taken by Faulkner (2018) over that taken by Hawley (2017). We end by discussing some implications for distinctions between different kinds of groups relevant for future philosophical work on trust.
Commercial Advertising of Alcohol: Using Law to Challenge Public Health Regulation
Authors: O’Brien Paula , Room Robin , Anderson-Luxford Dan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn most countries, the alcohol industry enjoys considerable freedom to market its products. Where government regulation is proposed or enacted, the alcohol industry has often deployed legal arguments and used legal forums to challenge regulation. Governments considering marketing regulation must be cognizant of relevant legal constraints and be prepared to defend their policies against industry legal challenges.
Voluntary Registries: Filling the Critical Information Gap in First Response to Mental Health Crises
Authors: del Pozo Brandon , Compton Michael T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe argue that voluntary mental health registries integrated into the 9-1-1 system, where patients and caregivers can establish a repository of this information, will help fill this information gap by enabling first responders to quickly understand the context of a call for service with a mental health component, and to make better informed decisions. Despite valid concerns about privacy, stigma, and the potential misuse of protected health information, such registries, if carefully designed and administered, can improve the health outcomes of 9-1-1 calls for service involving mental health-related crises.
Imperial Loyalties: Pluralism of Belonging, Territories, and Spaces in the 19th Century
Authors: Osterkamp Jana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Habsburg Monarchy has often been called a “Europe en miniature.” A diversity of political territories and spaces, nations and nationalities, languages, denominations, and churches was typical throughout the 19th century. This article addresses the complexity with a fresh approach. Drawing on the new history of emotion, it combines new perspectives of territories, spaces, and loyalties in order to shed fresh light on nation building processes within the empire.
The asymptotic structure of the turbulent attachment-line boundary layer
Authors: van Oudheusden B. W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe method of matched asymptotic expansions has been applied to analyse the asymptotic structure of the incompressible turbulent attachment-line boundary layer at large Reynolds numbers. Inner and outer solutions were obtained that give the ‘wall-unit’ and ‘velocity-defect’ represention of both the spanwise and chordwise velocity profiles. The predictions from the theory agree with experimental and DNS data in the range of fully developed turbulence.
The effects of apex flap on the leading-edge vortex breakdown of a cropped double delta wing
Authors: Wang J. J. , Liu J. Y. , Li Q. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe dye-injection flow visualisation technique was used to investigate the effect of the apex flap on the leading-edge vortex breakdown over a cropped 76°/40° double delta wing. The angle-of-attack of the experimental model varied from 20° to 40°, and the length of the apex flap was 25%c and 50%c respectively. By changing the angle of the apex flap, we found that the apex flap is an efficient method to control the leading-edge vortex breakdown, and that there exists an angle of the apex flap at which the value of the leading-edge vortex breakdown delay reaches maximum. Moreover, it is found that, for α < 28°, the small apex flap is a better choice for delaying the vortex breakdown; for α > 28°, the large apex flap is superior to the small one.
Time-linearised transonic computations including entropy, vorticity and shock wave motion effects
Authors: Ly E. , Nakamichi J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe effect of small perturbations on steady nonlinear transonic small disturbance flowfields, in the context of two-dimensional flows governed by the general-frequency transonic small disturbance equation with nonreflecting far-field boundary conditions, is investigated. This paper presents a time-linearised time-domain solution method that includes effects due to the shock-generated entropy and vorticity and shock wave motions. The solution procedure correctly accounts for the small-amplitude shock wave motion due to small unsteady changes in the aerofoil boundary conditions, and correctly models a flowfield with embedded strong shock waves. Steady and first harmonic pressure distributions for the NACA 0003 aerofoil with a harmonically oscillating flap, and NACA 0012 aerofoil undergoing a sinusoidal pitching oscillation, are predicted and compared with the Euler results.
The human–machine partnership in UCAV operations
Authors: White A. D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAt a time when a great deal of research on UCAVs is aimed at maximising their autonomy it should not be forgotten that human operators will, ultimately, remain ‘in control’ to some degree. The decision-sharing relationship between the operator and the UCAV depends on political constraints as well as the intelligence of the UCAV system. This in turn dictates the amount and type of information to be exchanged and the way in which it is communicated with the operator.Operational flexibility is a key military driver and in order to achieve it, a variable autonomy command interface, combined with information fusion and intelligent decision-support systems, will be required. To be effective the operator will need to work in concert with the UCAV system rather than act simply as a command source and an information sink. The implications of this ‘partnership’ for command and monitoring requirements and in particular for weapons release authorisation, are discussed in this paper.
Predicting impact damage of composite stiffened panels
Authors: Davies G. A. O. , Zhang X. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of the complex nature of low velocity impact damage in fabricated structures made of laminated carbon-epoxy composites. The structures chosen are stiffened compression panels since these are the most vulnerable to delamination and debonding. Four ‘top-hat’ stiffened panels were tested and predicted using a dynamic finite element code. The panels all had considerable postbuckling strength so the impact sites were carefully chosen to inflict maximum loss of strength. It was shown that the threshold energy for onset of delamination can be predicted using a dynamic finite element code. The amount of delamination or debonding is also predicted using a crude strength-based criterion, which seems to work only because the maximum impact force is a transient phenomenon of short duration.
Planning for super safety: the fail-safe dimension
Authors: Howard R. W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt has long been a requirement in air transport that no single failure can have a catastrophic effect. As nothing can ever be failure free, fail-safety in design and operation must be provided in all respects.This paper explores the design background, application and history of the concept of fail-safety in air transport and the vital role it plays in overall safety. It is suggested that fail-safety is the most important discipline of all those involved in safety in design and operations. Without it, the current air transport safety levels, even using the latest technologies, would not be possible.In the modern air transport system, all accidents are due either to fail-safety implementations breaking down, or not having been adequately provided, or due to extremely remote multiple coincident failures. It can be argued that inadequacies in fail-safety provisions at the very low target failure rates now demanded, is the main reason for the near constancy of the accident rate, and the consequent increase in numbers of accidents as the world fleet grows. In the forefront of fail-safety problems is the inadequacy of its use in the management operations of crew in the modern air transport cockpit.
Civil helicopter operations with British Airways
Authors: Cameron J. A. 
Published: July 2022

This paper is on the practical experience in British Airways on civil helicopters during the past 29 years, and my recommendation for the continued expansion and success in the vertical flight field of which the present day helicopter is the first example.I still believe that open rotors, because of their low noise and low speed control aspects, will certainly have a future as far as we can see on short stage lengths up to the end of the century; and by short stage lengths I mean up to 4/500 miles.
The principles and practice of airworthiness control
Authors: Langford P. S. 
Published: July 2022

When one is asked to present a paper in a series honouring a particular person from the past, it is always fascinating to review what is available in the way of background of his life and work. As have other Lawrence Hargrave lecturers before me, I have followed this course.Hargrave's aeronautical work and the papers describing it show clearly the patience and logical thinking which motivated him in all he did. He was a prodigious recorder of data and kept all of this until the untimely death of his son during the first world war. Although of course the concept of airworthiness was unheard of when he was carrying out his experiments at Stanmore, airworthiness control today, some three quarters of a century later, depends almost entirely on the same processes—the proper and logical use of vast amounts of recorded data gathered from all parts of the world.
Agricultural and special purpose aircraft—a manufacturer's viewpoint
Authors: Norman N. D. 
Published: July 2022

Britten-Norman started out as converters of Tiger Moths for export to New Zealand as top-dressers. As new aircraft came into that particular scene (Cessna 180s) we turned our attention to spray equipment. As luck would have it during our researches into available ground spraying techniques, I ran into Edward Bals who had perfected some very simple rotating gauze atomisers to make possible ultra low volume spraying applications upon, for example, orchards.Thanks to the efficiency of his rotary atomiser he was able to dispense with almost all the carrier liquid of which hundreds of gallons were used on each acre to secure proper coverage by substituting a mist of small uniform sized droplets carried in a dratt (not a blast) of air.
An easy graphical method of obtaining generalised first order yacht performance
Authors: Dawson L. G. 
Published: July 2022

For many years, a first order understanding of aircraft performance has been possible from lift drag curves or forward speed/sinking speed curves for gliders. These presentations of performance are not sufficiently accurate for detailed aircraft performance analysis, but their understanding has enabled generations of aircraft engineers to grasp the importance of various aerodynamic parameters.A new method of presenting the sailing vector triangles is described. When the locus of the possible vector triangles is drawn in the new presentation, a large portion approximates to a straight line parallel to or making a small angle with the Xaxis in the neighbourhood of the best speed to windward. A geometrical construction is given, which defines the best speed to windward point. It becomes self-evident that, as is well known, most yachts sail at nearly 45 degrees to the true wind when sailing at their best windward condition.
The response of a pitot tube in the presence of a weak shock wave
Authors: Kalghatgi G. T. , Hunt B. L. 
Published: July 2022

This note is concerned with the response of a pitot tube in the region of its interaction with a weak shock wave. It will be helpful if we distinguish immediately between our usage of the terms ‘pitot pressure’ and ‘normal shock recovery pressure’. We use the former to mean the experimental reading obtained from a pitot tube and the latter to mean the theoretical stagnation pressure downstream of a normal shock at the Mach number of a point in the flow.Across an oblique shock, the normal shock recovery pressure changes discontinuously. However, in the course of a recent study of the impingement of supersonic jets on flat plates, the authors noticed that, as a pitot probe was traversed across a weak shock wave, not only was the discontinuity smoothed out by the finite size of the probe but also values of pitot pressure were obtained which were larger than the higher of the two values of normal shock recovery pressure.
Seventy years of flight instruments and displays
Authors: Chorley R. A. 
Published: July 2022

It may be asked why I have chosen the subject of instrumentation for this Folland Memorial Lecture, rather than one more closely allied to that of aircraft design— the craft of which we remember Henry Folland as a master. In part I believe the two subjects are closely related, and that a study of the way in which instrumentation has developed indicates many respects in which this development has paralleled, or depended upon, the various developments which have occurred in airframe design.There is no indication in the admirable biographical lecture on H. P. Folland presented to this Society by his son, as to any special views he may have held on the subject of flight instrumentation. One thing is sure, however : his working life spanned the era in which there was a fundamental change in the views held by aviators about instruments.
Future trends in aero gas turbine design—Unconventional engines
Authors: Denning R. M. , Miller S. C. , Wright G. H. 
Published: July 2022

The first part of this paper was concerned with the evaluation of the now classic form of low noise, single stage front fan engine as used on all contemporary designs of large subsonic civil aircraft.This second part deals with other forms of the aircraft gas turbine which we have categorised as unconventional in the sense that they seek to achieve one or more of the following objectives:
(a)a superior performance by moving towards more extreme constant pressure gas turbine cycles;(b)a superior performance by use of a different thermo-dynamic/propulsive system;(c)a performance which requires an ability to modify the thermodynamic cycle at different flight conditions;(d)uses for the engine which are additional to the normal propulsive role.In the main, these engines are, as their title suggests, not generally adopted as powerplants for production aircraft and their often specialist role must detract from their wide use in a range of aircraft. However, it could be argued that the classic design of engine will soon be approaching a plateau of achievement and therefore some degree of unconventional form will be required in future to advance aircraft performance.
Engine noise—a look ahead
Authors: Cox M. , Higton D. R. 
Published: July 2022

At the Symposium in April last year the Society met to consider how design and operation of quiet aircraft related to the often conflicting economic and environmental pressures. The prospects for quieter aircraft and engines were discussed from many technical points of view. The message emerging from the discussion was that, compared to the improvements made in the past 10 years, and which would be available now at the cost of replacing existing noisy, older generation installations, further reductions in noise at source would be very much harder to win. Moreover, they would be made against a steeply-rising trend of overall detriment to performance and direct operating cost.So far as the possibilities are concerned for further reductions in the noise of subsonic propulsion engines, if we are to have more than modest, evolutionary improvements in levels, there will need to be radical changes affecting engine design, such as a definite move towards lower jet velocities.