bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saudi Vision 2030: Applying a Sustainable Smart Techno-cultural Assessment method to Evaluate Museums’ performance post-COVID-19
Authors: Hind Khogali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
UNESCO has defined world cultural heritage as either tangible or intangible cultural heritage. Saudi Vision 2030 strategies is the Culture of Community and Dynamic Supportive Environment, which supports the national identity, maintains the museums, and encourages tourism. This research aimed to assess museums’ performance in four focus areas (sustainability, smart solutions, techno-cultural solutions, and health procedures) during the post-COVID-19 period in Riyadh city. The method consisted of a survey distributed during 04/2021 to stakeholders at the University in two sample case studies: Al Masmak Fort Museum and Riyadh National Museum. The main research aspects of the two samples were compared. The results are average results from survey records and respondents’ responses to survey questions between RNM and MFM to each category: sustainable access (31%) material (31%) water efficiency (29.5%) energy efficiency (32%) smart solutions (31%) and techno-cultural solutions (33%). The health procedures (50.5%) in Table 2. The improvement will be reflected in more advanced and innovative solutions for the museum buildings. could be applied to museum buildings locally and internationally.
Assessment of environmental and economic impacts of trickle irrigation system
Authors: Khalifa Walid M A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The systems of trickle irrigation offer the potential influential irrigation to increase crop yields and have been proven reasonable according to the engineering and agricultural opinion particularly in barren areas. Trickle irrigation systems that have been offered comparatively lately in Arab countries have demonstrated to save huge amounts of water and enhance crop yield. The computational program (Trickle Irrigation System Design, TISD) connected with the economic procedures were used to research the environmental and economic conditions of the agriculture system. The conditions of environment comprised the type of soil, the topography of land, the climate areas, the water quantum and quality, and the dimensions of land. The conditions of economic included the interest rates of nominal and real, the principal price of land, and the rates of labor and energy escalation. The research deemed the ratio of B/C indicating the effects of environmental and economic parameters applying the system of trickle irrigation. The research presented the crop rotation of tomato-sesame as a line-source, and the point-source was represented by citrus trees. The research results revealed a significant impact on the ratio of B/C for the parameters; soil type, land topography, and water quality. The other parameters evidenced a variety impacts among considerable, small, and negligible on the B/C ratio. The study represents a worthy perception for institutional considerations in agricultural economics.
Influence of Surface Discontinuity on Sound Absorption Coefficient of Vehicle Interior Material
Authors: Mohamed  , Sulaeman Erwin , Dianne Amelda , Abidin Adri Zainal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There has been considerable effort in the automotive industry to reduce and control the noise in the car cabin. Selecting or designing a better absorber will enhance the comfort of the passengers in the car. There are many techniques to reduce or control the noise in the car cabin. One of the techniques is to place specific material in order to reduce its acoustical noise. This paper presents a study on sound absorption of the felt, polyurethane foam and fabric which are commonly used as car interior material. Furthermore, the influence of surface discontinuity created between two joined material parts is also investigated. The sound absorption coefficient is measured using two-microphone impedance tube. This tube is used to provide noise source frequency ranging from 50 Hz to 10 kHz. Using the dBAlpha software that is connected to the microphone via Symphonie Analyzer, the sound absorption coefficient of the material for every frequency is presented in tabular as well as in graphical form. The test results show that material selection is significantly important for the absorption of noise. Besides, it is found that the surface discontinuity gives different effect depending on the material. For the felt material, the surface discontinuity has insignificant effect. However, the surface discontinuity may give a moderate effect for other materials such as polyurethane foam and fabric.
A designer mixture of six amino acids promotes the extracellular matrix gene expression in cultured human fibroblasts
Authors: Tedesco Laura , Rossi Fabio , Ruocco Chiara , Ragni Maurizio , Carruba Michele O , Valerio Alessandra , Nisoli Enzo 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The deterioration of the skin is caused by dermatological disorders, environmental conditions, and aging processes. One incisive strategy for supervising the skin aging process is implementing healthy nutrition, preserving a balanced diet, and a good supply of food supplements. Here, we compared H-Pro-Hyp-OH peptide, hydrolyzed collagen, and an original mixture of six amino acids (we named 6aa)—including glycine, l-alanine, l-proline, l-valine, l-leucine, and l-lysine—effects on the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly the elastin, fibronectin, collagen 1, and collagen 4. Treatment of BJ human skin fibroblasts with the 6aa mixture upregulated elastin, fibronectin, and collagen 1 gene expression, without affecting the expression of anti-reactive oxygen species enzymes. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway seems to be involved, at least in part. Collectively, these results suggest that the six amino acid mixture exerts beneficial effects in human skin fibroblasts.
Alternative processing of humanHTTmRNA with implications for Huntington’s disease therapeutics
Authors: Fienko Sandra , Landles Christian , Sathasivam Kirupa , McAteer Sean J , Milton Rebecca E , Osborne Georgina F , Smith Edward J , Jones Samuel T , Bondulich Marie K , Danby Emily C E , Phillips Jemima , Taxy Bridget A , Kordasiewicz Holly B , Bates Gillian P 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuntington disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (HTT) that is translated into a polyglutamine stretch in the huntingtin protein (HTT). We previously showed that HTT mRNA carrying an expanded CAG repeat was incompletely spliced to generate HTT1a, an exon 1 only transcript, which was translated to produce the highly aggregation-prone and pathogenic exon 1 HTT protein. This occurred in all knock-in mouse models of Huntington’s disease and could be detected in patient cell lines and post-mortem brains. To extend these findings to a model system expressing human HTT, we took advantage of YAC128 mice that are transgenic for a yeast artificial chromosome carrying human HTT with an expanded CAG repeat.We discovered that the HTT1a transcript could be detected throughout the brains of YAC128 mice. We implemented RNAscope to visualize HTT transcripts at the single molecule level and found that full-length HTT and HTT1a were retained together in large nuclear RNA clusters, as well as being present as single transcripts in the cytoplasm. Homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence analysis demonstrated that the HTT1a transcript had been translated to produce the exon 1 HTT protein. The levels of exon 1 HTT in YAC128 mice, correlated with HTT aggregation, supportive of the hypothesis that exon 1 HTT initiates the aggregation process.Huntingtin-lowering strategies are a major focus of therapeutic development for Huntington’s disease. These approaches often target full-length HTT alone and would not be expected to reduce pathogenic exon 1 HTT levels. We have established YAC128 mouse embryonic fibroblast lines and shown that, together with our QuantiGene multiplex assay, these provide an effective screening tool for agents that target HTT transcripts. The effects of current targeting strategies on nuclear RNA clusters are unknown, structures that may have a pathogenic role or alternatively could be protective by retaining HTT1a in the nucleus and preventing it from being translated. In light of recently halted antisense oligonucleotide trials, it is vital that agents targeting HTT1a are developed, and that the effects of HTT-lowering strategies on the subcellular levels of all HTT transcripts and their various HTT protein isoforms are understood.
HMGN4 plays a key role in STAT3-mediated oncogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Mou Jiahui , Xu Xiaoding , Wang Feifei , Kong Weiwen , Chen Jing , Ren Jin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
High-mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 4 (HMGN4) exerts biological functions by regulating gene transcription through binding with nucleosome. As a new epigenetic regulator discovered in 2001, its biological functions have not been clarified. HMGN4 belongs to HMGNs family, in which HMGN1, 2 and 5 have been reported to play roles in oncogenesis of various cancers. However, it is reported that HMGN4 was associated with thyroid and liver cancer. In this study, we discovered for the first time that HMGN4 was highly expressed in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), based on the analysis of the TCGA database. Moreover, we found that HMGN4 controlled the proliferation of human TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the positive correlation occurred between HMGN4 and STAT3 downstream genes while HMGN4 played an indispensable role in constitutively active STAT3 (STAT3C) induced colony formation. Interestingly, we reported that STAT3 regulated HMGN4 transcription as its transcriptional factor by chromatin immunoprecipitation and HMGN4 promoter-luc assays. That is to say, there is a feed-forward signaling circuit between HMGN4 and STAT3, which might control TNBC cell growth. Finally, we proved that the interference of HMGN4 by nanovehicle-packaged siRNA may be a potentially effective approach in TNBC treatment. In summary, our findings not only identified a novel regulator in TNBC cell proliferation but also revealed the mechanism by which HMGN4 acted as a downstream gene of STAT3 to participate in the STAT3 pathway, which indicated that HMGN4 was likely to be a potential novel target for anti-TNBC therapy.
Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Pregnancy in Ontario: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Murison Kiera R , Grima Alicia A , Simmons Alison E , Tuite Ashleigh R , Fisman David N 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy represents a physiological state associated with increased vulnerability to severe outcomes from infectious diseases, both for the pregnant person and developing infant. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic may have important health consequences for pregnant individuals, who may also be more reluctant than nonpregnant people to accept vaccination.MethodsWe sought to estimate the degree to which increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 outcomes can be attributed to pregnancy using a population-based SARS-CoV-2 case file from Ontario, Canada. Because of varying propensity to receive vaccination, and changes in dominant circulating viral strains over time, a time-matched cohort study was performed to evaluate the relative risk of severe illness in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 compared to other SARS-CoV-2 infected women of childbearing age (10–49 years old). Risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes was evaluated in pregnant women and time-matched nonpregnant controls using multivariable conditional logistic regression.ResultsCompared with the rest of the population, nonpregnant women of childbearing age had an elevated risk of infection (standardized morbidity ratio, 1.28), whereas risk of infection was reduced among pregnant women (standardized morbidity ratio, 0.43). After adjustment for confounding, pregnant women had a markedly elevated risk of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 4.96; 95% confidence interval, 3.86–6.37) and intensive care unit admission (adjusted odds ratio, 6.58; 95% confidence interval, 3.29–13.18). The relative increase in hospitalization risk associated with pregnancy was greater in women without comorbidities than in those with comorbidities (P for heterogeneity, .004).ConclusionsGiven the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pregnancy, risk-benefit calculus strongly favors SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnant women.
The comparative energetics of the ray-finned fish in an evolutionary context
Authors: Lika Konstadia , Augustine Starrlight , Kooijman Sebastiaan A L M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To address challenges in management and conservation of fishes and fisheries it is essential to understand their life histories and energetics. The Add-my-Pet (AmP) collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) parameters currently contains 1150 of the 40000 extant species of fish. It gives 250–280 traits per species, depending on the model type that was applied, such as maximum reserve capacity, lifespan, specific respiration and precociality index, based on which the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) was compared with the four other fish classes (Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Actinistia, Dipnoi) and the Tetrapoda. The Actinopterygii are the only vertebrate class that shows metabolic acceleration, and clearly so in only three sub-clades. Different from chondrichthyans, quite a few species follow the waste-to-hurry strategy, especially small bodied freshwater fish such as tropical annual killifish, but also in small minnows and darters in continental climates. We briefly discuss links between waste-to-hurry, which is associated with a large specific somatic maintenance, and sensitivity for pesticides. We discuss why this interferes with the physical co-variation between maximum reserve capacity and ultimate structural length or weight and explains why maximum reserve capacity increases with body length in chondrichthyans, but not in actinopterygians. Reserve capacity has relevance, e.g. mass-specific maintenance, starvation and the kinetics of lipophyllic compounds (such as pesticides), since reserve is relatively rich in lipids in fish. Also, unlike chondrichthyans, the size at birth is very small and not linked to ultimate size; we discuss the implications. Actinopterygians allocate more to soma, compared with chondrichthyans; the latter allocate more to maturity or reproduction. Actinopterygians, Actinistia and Dipnoi are near the supply-end of the supply–demand spectrum, while chondrichthyans clearly show demand properties.
Analysis of ribonucleotide content in the genomic DNA of ribonuclease H2 A subunit (RH2A)-knockout NIH3T3 cells after transient expression of wild-type RH2A or RH2A variants with an Aicardi–Goutières syndrome-causing mutation
Authors: Kandabashi Mako , Yano Haruna , Hara Haruka , Ogawa Saori , Kamoda Kana , Ishibashi Shu , Himeda Kohei , Baba Misato , Takita Teisuke , Yasukawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ribonuclease (RNase) H2 is involved in the removal of ribonucleotides embedded in genomic DNA. Eukaryotic RNase H2 is a heterotrimer consisting of the catalytic A subunit (RH2A) and the accessory B and C subunits. This study aimed to compare the cellular activities of wild-type ribonuclease (RNase) H2 and its variants with a mutation causing neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease, Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS). We first analyzed cellular RNase H2 activity and ribonucleotide content in the genomic DNA of RH2A-knockout (KO) mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells after transfection with a transient expression plasmid encoding mouse wild-type RH2A. From 4 h after transfection, the RNase H2 activity increased and the amount of ribonucleotides decreased, as compared with the corresponding non-transfected RH2A-KO cells. This demonstrated the rapidness of ribonucleotide turnover in mammalian genomic DNA and the importance of continuous expression of RNase H2 to maintain the ribonucleotide amount low. Next, we expressed mouse RH2A variants with a mutation corresponding to a human AGS-causing mutation in RH2A-KO NIH3T3 cells. Neither increase in RNase H2 activity nor decrease in ribonucleotide amount was observed for G37S; however, both conditions were observed for N213I and R293H. This corresponded with our previous results on the activity of recombinant human RNase H2 variants.
The Social Construction of Age and ‘Best Interests’ Discourses: An Intersectional Analysis of Canadian Immigration and Refugee Policy for Children
Authors: Ghebrai Sam , Ballucci Dale 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCanada has received worldwide recognition for its implementation of the Canada Chairperson’s Guideline 3: Child Refugee Claimants. This informal immigration rights policy, statutorily authorized by the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, instructs immigration officials to provide special considerations to accompanied and unaccompanied child migrants. Our analysis examines the language of Guideline 3 to understand how the social construction of age influences the provision of protections. Our findings demonstrate that, although chronological age is prominently featured throughout Guideline 3, other factors known to impact the social construction of age, such as gender and cultural background, are only superficially discussed. The homogenized discourse of children within Guideline 3 illustrates the protection of an idealized conception of childhood, which does not accurately reflect the heterogeneity of migrant and asylum-seeking children. The implications of such an idealized notion of childhood in informal immigration rights policies delineates children worthy of protections, and children who are excluded.
Nitrate transporter MdNRT2.4 interacts with rhizosphere bacteria to enhance nitrate uptake in apple rootstocks
Authors: Chai Xiaofen , Wang Xiaona , Pi Ying , Wu Ting , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlants have developed complex mechanisms to adapt to changing nitrate (NO3-) concentrations and can recruit microbes to boost nitrogen absorption. However, little is known about the relationship between functional genes and the rhizosphere microbiome in NO3- uptake of apple rootstocks. Here, we found that variation in Malus domestica NO3- transporter (MdNRT2.4) expression contributes to nitrate uptake divergence between two apple rootstocks. Overexpression of MdNRT2.4 in apple seedlings significantly improved tolerance to low nitrogen via increasing net NO3- influx at the root surface. However, inhibiting the root plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity abolished NO3- uptake and led to NO3- release, suggesting that MdNRT2.4 encodes an H+-coupled nitrate transporter. Surprisingly, the nitrogen concentration of MdNRT2.4-overexpressing apple seedlings in unsterilized nitrogen-poor soil was higher than that in sterilized nitrogen-poor soil. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene profiling to characterize the rhizosphere microbiota, we found that MdNRT2.4-overexpressing apple seedlings recruited more bacterial taxa with nitrogen metabolic functions, especially Rhizobiaceae. We isolated a bacterial isolate ARR11 from the apple rhizosphere soil and identified it as Rhizobium. Inoculation with ARR11 improved apple seedling growth in nitrogen-poor soils, compared with uninoculated seedlings. Together, our results highlight the interaction of host plant genes with the rhizosphere microbiota for host plant nutrient uptake.
Locating the GeV emission region in the jets of blazars from months time-scale multiwavelength outbursts
Authors: Barat Saugata , Chatterjee Ritaban , Mitra Kaustav 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
It is well known that the γ-ray emission in blazars originates in the relativistic jet pointed at the observers. However, it is not clear whether the exact location of the GeV emission is less than a parsec (pc) from the central engine, such that it may receive sufficient amount of photons from the broad-line region (BLR) or farther out at 1–100 pc range. The former assumption has been successfully used to model the spectral energy distribution of many blazars. However, simultaneous detection of TeV γ-rays along with GeV outbursts in some cases indicate that the emission region must be outside the BLR. In addition, GeV outbursts have sometimes been observed to be simultaneous with the passing of a disturbance through the so-called ‘very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) core’, which is located tens of pc away from the central engine. Hence, the exact location of γ-ray emission remains ambiguous. Here we present a method that we have developed to constrain the location of the emission region. We identify simultaneous months time-scale GeV and optical outbursts in the light curves spanning over 8 yr of a sample of 11 blazars. Using theoretical jet emission models we show that the energy ratio of simultaneous optical and GeV outbursts is strongly dependent on the location of the emission region. Comparing the energy dissipation of the observed multiwavelength outbursts and that of the simulated flares in our theoretical model, we find that most of the above outbursts originate beyond the BLR at approximately a few pc from the central engine.
Forming iron-rich planets with giant impacts
Authors: Reinhardt Christian , Meier Thomas , Stadel Joachim G , Otegi Jon F , Helled Ravit 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate mantle stripping giant impacts (GI) between super-Earths with masses between 1 and $20\, {\rm M}_{\oplus }$. We infer new scaling laws for the mass of the largest fragment and its iron mass fraction, as well as updated fitting coefficients for the critical specific impact energy for catastrophic disruption, $Q_{{\rm RD}}^{*}$. With these scaling laws, we derive equations that relate the impact conditions, i.e. target mass, impact velocity, and impactor-to-target mass ratio, to the mass and iron mass fraction of the largest fragment. This allows one to predict collision outcomes without performing a large suite of simulations. Using these equations we present the maximum and minimum planetary iron mass fraction as a result of collisional stripping of its mantle for a given range of impact conditions. We also infer the radius for a given mass and composition using interior structure models and compare our results to observations of metal-rich exoplanets. We find good agreement between the data and the simulated planets suggesting that GI could have played a key role in their formation. Furthermore, using our scaling laws we can further constrain the impact conditions that favour their masses and compositions. Finally, we present a flexible and easy-to-use tool that allows one to predict mass and composition of a planet after a GI for an arbitrary range of impact conditions, which, in turn, allows to assess the role of GI in observed planetary systems.
The halo model with beyond-linear halo bias: unbiasing cosmological constraints from galaxy–galaxy lensing and clustering
Authors: Mahony Constance , Dvornik Andrej , Mead Alexander , Heymans Catherine , Asgari Marika , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Miyatake Hironao , Nishimichi Takahiro , Reischke Robert 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We determine the error introduced in a joint halo model analysis of galaxy–galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering observables when adopting the standard approximation of linear halo bias. Considering the Kilo-Degree Survey, we forecast that ignoring the non-linear halo bias would result in up to 5σ offsets in the recovered cosmological parameters describing structure growth, S8, and the matter density parameter, Ωm. We include the scales $10^{-1.3}\lt r_{\rm {p}} \ / h^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}\lt 10$ in the data vector, and the direction of these offsets are shown to depend on the freedom afforded to the halo model through other nuisance parameters. We conclude that a beyond-linear halo bias correction must therefore be included in future cosmological halo model analyses of large-scale structure observables on non-linear scales.