bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the intensive care unit
Authors: Mallart R , Rossignol C , Poppe J B , Prum G , Tamion F , Veber B , Verin E 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective was to assess the prevalence of dysphagia in the intensive care unit in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Methods. A cohort, observational, retrospective study was conducted of patients admitted to the intensive care unit for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia at the University Hospital of Rouen in France.ResultsOver 4 months, 58 patients were intubated and ventilated, 43 of whom were evaluated. Screening revealed post-extubation dysphagia in 62.7 per cent of patients. In univariate analysis, a significant association was found between the presence of dysphagia and: the severity of the initial pathology, the duration of intubation, the duration of curare use, the degree of muscle weakness and the severity indicated on the initial scan. At the end of intensive care unit treatment, 22 per cent of the dysphagic patients had a normal diet, 56 per cent had an adapted diet and 22 per cent still received exclusive tube feeding.ConclusionPost-extubation dysphagia is frequent and needs to be investigated.
The clinical course of vestibular neuritis from the point of view of the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential
Authors: Manzari L , Graziano D , Zambonini G , Faralli M , Morone G , Tramontano M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudying otolith functions after unilateral vestibular neuritis using ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and subjective visual vertical tests could give different results.MethodA total of 39 patients underwent a vestibular assessment that included the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and horizontal and vertical semicircular canal function testing with video head impulse testing, ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and subjective visual vertical testing.ResultsAll patients showed a significant alteration (asymmetry ratio more than 40 per cent) for ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials as well as for subjective visual vertical testing (more than −2° to more than +2°) during the acute phase, whereas after 72 hours from the acute vertigo attack normal values (asymmetry ratio less than 40 per cent) were found in 6 out of 39 patients for ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and 36 out of 39 for the subjective visual vertical (less than −2° to less than +2°).ConclusionOcular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials are the most suitable test to evaluate otolith functions in patients with unilateral vestibular neuritis in the acute and sub-acute phase.
Captain Scott rewrote his story: January–June 1911
Authors: Alp Bill 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article reveals that Captain Robert Falcon Scott rewrote his Terra Nova journals for the period 24 January to 18 June 1911, making extensive changes, in places. He made carbon copies of his journal from then until 31 October 1911. The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) holds the combined manuscript as Carbon copy of diary as leader of British Antarctic Expedition, Jan. to Oct. 1911 with reference number RFS/1. This little-known version of Scott’s journals has apparently been overlooked by many researchers and scholars. The main research question addressed by the article is: “What was the significance of Captain Scott rewriting his story?” The article reviews two versions of Scott’s story – the published narrative Scott’s Last Expedition, and RFS/1. It investigates the provenance of each version and then reviews differences between the two texts. Three key differences stand out, suggesting the underlying pressures that drove Scott to rewrite his story in mid-1911. The article touches upon editorial changes made by Leonard Huxley in compiling Scott’s Last Expedition and contrasts those changes with changes made by Scott when rewriting the same passages. It also investigates the provenance of a typescript version of RFS/1 held by Canterbury Museum.
Second or foreign language learning through watching audio-visual input and the role of on-screen text
Authors: Montero Perez Maribel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article discusses research into the role of audio-visual input for second language (L2) or foreign language learning. It also addresses questions related to the effectiveness of audio-visual input with different types of on-screen text such as subtitles (i.e., in learners’ first language) and captions (i.e., subtitles in the same language as the L2 audio) for L2 learning. The review discusses the following themes: (a) the characteristics of audio-visual input such as the multimodal nature of the input and vocabulary demands of video; (b) L2 learners’ comprehension of audio-visual input and the role of different types of on-screen text; (c) the effectiveness of audio-visual input and on-screen text for aspects of L2 learning including vocabulary, grammar, and listening; and (d) research into L2 learners’ use and perceptions of audio-visual input and on-screen text. The review ends with a consideration of implications for teaching practice and a conclusion that discusses the generalizability of current research in relation to suggestions for future research.
ABO blood group and risk of malaria during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ai Ling , Li Jingyuan , Wang Wenjun , Li Yuying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The association between the ABO blood group and the risk of malaria during pregnancy has not been clearly established. The present study summarised relevant knowledge and reassessed the association through meta-analysis. Articles in MEDICINE and PubMed published before 30 November 2021 were searched. Five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the meta-analysis. It was shown that primiparae with different ABO blood group, multiparae with blood group A and non-A, AB and non-AB had a comparable risk of malaria. However, multiparae with blood group B had a significantly higher risk than non-B group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.01 to 1.50, P = 0.04], while multiparae with blood group O had a significantly lower risk than non-O group (OR = 0.78, 95% CI was 0.63 to 0.97, P = 0.03). Therefore, the ABO blood group may not result in a different risk of malaria in primiparae. Blood group B is potentially a risk factor while blood group O is a protective factor for multiparae.
Clinical impact of subcutaneous treprostinil in trisomy 21 patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with CHD
Authors: Numata Ryusuke , Takigiku Kiyohiro , Takei Kouta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSubcutaneous treprostinil is commonly used to improve idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in children. However, its effectiveness has not been reported in trisomy 21. We report the case of 9-year-old boy in trisomy 21 with CHD-pulmonary artery hypertension after surgical correction of CHD. Haemodynamics and exercise capacity dramatically improved with a transition from oral selexipag to subcutaneous treprostinil.
Limited implementation of California’s Healthy Default Beverage law for children’s meals sold online
Authors: Thompson Hannah R , Martin Anna , Strochlic Ron , Singh Sonali , Woodward-Lopez Gail 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:To reduce children’s sugar-sweetened beverage intake, California’s Healthy-By-Default Beverage law (SB1192) mandates only unflavoured dairy/non-dairy milk or water be the default drinks with restaurant children’s meals. The objective of this study is to examine consistency with this law for meals sold through online platforms from restaurants in low-income California neighbourhoods.Design:This observational, cross-sectional study examines beverage availability, upcharges (additional cost) and presentation of beverage options consistent with SB1192 (using four increasingly restrictive criteria) within a random sample of quick-service restaurants (QSR) in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education eligible census tracts selling children’s meals online from November 2020 to April 2021.Setting:Low-income California neighbourhoods (n 226 census tracts).Participants:QSR that sold children’s meals online via a restaurant-specific platform, DoorDash, GrubHub and/or UberEats (n 631 observations from 254 QSR).Results:Seventy percent of observations offered water; 63 % offered unflavoured milk. Among all beverages, water was most likely to have an upcharge; among observations offering water (n 445), 41 % had an upcharge (average $0·51). Among observations offering unflavoured milk (n 396), 11 % had an upcharge (average $0·38). No observations upcharged for soda (regular or diet). Implementation consistency with SB1192 ranged from 40·5 % (using the least restrictive criteria) to 5·6 % (most restrictive) of observations.Conclusions:Based on observations from restaurant websites and three of the most popular online ordering platforms, most California QSR located in low-income neighbourhoods are not offering children’s meal beverages consistent with the state’s Healthy-By-Default Beverage law. As the popularity of online ordering increases, further work to ensure restaurants offering healthy default beverages with children’s meals sold online is necessary.
Social arrangements. Kinship, descent and affinity in the mortuary architecture of Early Neolithic Britain and Ireland
Authors: Fowler Chris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article reassesses the social significance of Early Neolithic chambered tombs. It critically evaluates inferences about social organization drawn from tomb architecture and interpretations of kinship based on aDNA analyses of human remains from tombs. Adopting the perspective that kinship is a multifaceted and ongoing field of practice, it argues that the arrangement of tomb chambers was related to the negotiation of Early Neolithic kinship. Drawing together inferences about biological relatedness from aDNA analyses with interpretations of chamber arrangements, it suggests that variation in the architectural arrangements and sequential modification of chambered tombs relates to different ways of negotiating aspects of kinship, particularly descent and affinity. It presents interpretations of how kinship was negotiated at Early Neolithic tombs in different regions of Britain and Ireland and concludes that it is increasingly possible to gauge pattern and diversity in Neolithic negotiations of kinship, descent and affinity by combining different strands of evidence, including architectural arrangement.
Direct Observation of Hillslope Scale StorAge Selection Functions in Experimental Hydrologic Systems: Geomorphologic Structure and Preferential Discharge of Old Water
Authors: Kim Minseok , Volkmann Till H. M. , Wang Yadi , Meira Neto Antonio A. , Matos Katarena , Harman Ciaran J. , Troch Peter A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpatially integrated water transport dynamics at the hillslope scale have rarely been observed directly, and underlying physical mechanisms of those dynamics are poorly understood. We present time‐variable transit time distributions and StorAge Selection (SAS) functions for a 28 days tracer experiment conducted at the Landscape Evolution Observatory, Biosphere 2, the University of Arizona, AZ, USA. The observed form of the SAS functions is concave, meaning that older water in the hillslope was preferentially discharged than younger water. The concavity is, in part, explained by the relative importance of advective and diffusive water dynamics and by the geomorphologic structure of the hillslopes. A simple numerical examination illustrates that, for straight plan‐shaped hillslopes, the saturated zone SAS function is concave when the hillslope Péclet (Pe) number is large (and thus when the advective water dynamics are more pronounced). We also investigated the effect of hillslope planform geometry on the saturated zone SAS function using a model and found that the more convergent the plan shape is, the more concave the SAS function is. A numerical examination indicates that the unsaturated zone SAS function is concave for straight and convergent hillslopes when the soil thickness is uniform. The concavity of those subcomponent SAS functions signifies that the hillslope scale SAS function is concave for straight or convergent plan shape hillslopes when the hillslope Pe number is high.
Geochemical Records Reveal Protracted and Differential Marine Redox Change Associated With Late Ordovician Climate and Mass Extinctions
Authors: Kozik Nevin P. , Gill Benjamin C. , Owens Jeremy D. , Lyons Timothy W. , Young Seth A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Ordovician (Hirnantian; 445 Ma) hosts the second most severe mass extinction in Earth history, coinciding with Gondwanan glaciation and increased geochemical evidence for marine anoxia. It remains unclear whether cooling, expanded oxygen deficiency, or a combination drove the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME). Here, we present combined iodine and sulfur isotope geochemical data from three globally distributed carbonate successions to constrain changes in local and global marine redox conditions. Iodine records suggest locally anoxic conditions were potentially pervasive on shallow carbonate shelves, while sulfur isotopes suggest a reduction in global euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) conditions. Late Katian sulfate‐sulfur isotope data show a large negative excursion that initiated during elevated sea level and continued through peak Hirnantian glaciation. Geochemical box modeling suggests a combination of decreasing pyrite burial and increasing weathering are required to drive the observed negative excursion suggesting a ∼3% decrease of global seafloor euxinia during the Late Ordovician. The sulfur datasets provide further evidence that this trend was followed by increases in euxinia which coincided with eustatic sea‐level rise during subsequent deglaciation in the late Hirnantian. A persistence of shelf anoxia against a backdrop of waning then waxing global euxinia was linked to the two LOME pulses. These results place important constraints on local and global marine redox conditions throughout the Late Ordovician and suggest that non‐sulfidic shelfal anoxia—along with glacioeustatic sea level and climatic cooling—were important environmental stressors that worsened conditions for marine fauna, resulting in the second‐largest mass extinction in Earth history and the only example during an icehouse climate.
Visualizing the Distribution of Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals at the Atomic Scale: Insights From Atom Probe Tomography on Fayalite
Authors: Liu Jia , Taylor Sandra D. , Qafoku Odeta , Arey Bruce W. , Colby Robert , Eaton Arielle , Bartrand Jonah , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Manandhar Sandeep , Perea Daniel E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNominally anhydrous minerals (NAM) such as olivine are important reservoirs for water in the Earth’s upper mantle, although the association of water with crystallographic defects is poorly understood. Here, hydrated regions at the atomic scale in fayalite (Fe2SiO4) are directly resolved using atom probe tomography. Site‐specific analyses reveal regions that are either compositionally homogenous or contain nanometer‐long channels that are consistent with hydrated defects. Na as a minor element is also enriched within the interlayers, indicating the formation environment is associated with Na geochemically. The ability to directly visualize and characterize hydrated regions at the nanometer scale can provide critical insight into the material properties of NAM and their impact on planetary‐scale processes, such as the influence of water‐bearing minerals on mantle rheology and geodynamics.
Parsing the Kinetic Energy Budget of the Ocean Surface Mixed Layer
Authors: Zippel Seth F. , Farrar J. Thomas , Zappa Christopher J. , Plueddemann Albert J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe total rate of work done on the ocean by the wind is of considerable interest for understanding global energy balances, as the energy from the wind drives ocean currents, grows surface waves, and forces vertical mixing. A large but unknown fraction of this atmospheric energy is dissipated by turbulence in the upper ocean. The focus of this work is twofold. First, we describe a framework for evaluating the vertically integrated turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) equation using measurable quantities from a surface mooring, showing the connection to the atmospheric, mean oceanic, and wave energy. Second, we use this framework to evaluate turbulent energetics in the mixed layer using 10 months of mooring data. This evaluation is made possible by recent advances in estimating TKE dissipation rates from long‐enduring moorings. We find that surface fluxes are balanced by TKE dissipation rates in the mixed layer to within a factor of two.
Sector‐Based Top‐Down Estimates of NOx, SO2, and CO Emissions in East Asia
Authors: Qu Zhen , Henze Daven K. , Worden Helen M. , Jiang Zhe , Gaubert Benjamin , Theys Nicolas , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTop‐down estimates using satellite data provide important information on the sources of air pollutants. We develop a sector‐based 4D‐Var framework based on the GEOS‐Chem adjoint model to address the impacts of co‐emissions and chemical interactions on top‐down emission estimates. We apply OMI NO2, OMI SO2, and MOPITT CO observations to estimate NOx, SO2, and CO emissions in East Asia during 2005–2012. Posterior evaluations with surface measurements show reduced normalized mean bias (NMB) by 7% (NO2)–15% (SO2) and normalized mean square error (NMSE) by 8% (SO2)–9% (NO2) compared to a species‐based inversion. This new inversion captures the peak years of Chinese SO2 (2007) and NOx (2011) emissions and attributes their drivers to industry and energy activities. The CO peak in 2007 in China is driven by residential and industry emissions. In India, the inversion attributes NOx and SO2 trends mostly to energy and CO trend to residential emissions.
Improved Simulation of ENSO Variability Through Feedback From the Equatorial Atlantic in a Pacemaker Experiment
Authors: Bi Daohua , Wang Guojian , Cai Wenju , Santoso Agus , Sullivan Arnold , Ng Benjamin , Jia Fan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tropical Pacific Ocean interacts with the tropical Atlantic Ocean on interannual time scales. However, most coupled climate models misrepresent and/or underestimate these teleconnections, which have important implications on the periodicity of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Imposing the observed sea surface temperature over the tropical Atlantic from 1970 onwards, a pacemaker experiment is constructed using the second version of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Coupled Model (ACCESS‐CM2). Compared with control runs which reasonably simulate the interaction between ENSO and the north tropical Atlantic variability, the pacemaker experiment significantly improves the impact of the Atlantic Niño/Niña on ENSO. This enhanced teleconnection contributes to a more realistic ENSO periodicity compared with the control runs, thus suggesting that capturing the influence from equatorial Atlantic variability is important for an improved ENSO simulation.
Transitions of Dissolution Patterns in Rough Fractures
Authors: Wang Ting , Hu Ran , Yang Zhibing , Zhou Chen‐Xing , Chen Yi‐Feng , Zhou Chuang‐Bing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRock fractures are ubiquitous in geological systems and usually provide dominant pathways for fluid flow in fractured reservoirs. When the flowing fluid is reactive, fracture dissolution expands the aperture and forms various dissolution patterns that amplify the pathways. Previous works focused on the dissolution processes in Hele‐Shaw cells (parallel‐plate) and porous media, but the transitions of dissolution patterns in radial rough fractures are not well understood. Here we combine flow‐visualization experiments with theoretical analysis to elucidate the transitions of dissolution patterns under various flow‐rate and reaction‐rate conditions. We observe and quantify three distinct dissolution morphologies as compact, wormhole, and uniform patterns. We show that the critical Péclet numbers, corresponding to the transitions from compact to wormhole and to uniform patterns, increase with the reaction rate. Based on the growth of dissolution channels in the ﬂow and transverse directions, we establish a theoretical model that describes the transitions of these three distinct dissolution patterns. The phase diagram predicted by the model exhibits good agreement with our experimental results and also well captures the pattern transitions reported in the previous studies. This work improves the understanding on how fracture aperture expands in the dissolution processes that lead to various dissolution channels. Our work is also critical for controlling the fluid flow behavior in dissolving natural rock fractures in subsurface flow systems.
Insights into the multifaceted role of circular RNAs: implications for Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis and diagnosis
Authors: Doxakis Epaminondas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, age-related, neurodegenerative disease whose etiology, pathology, and clinical manifestations remain incompletely understood. As a result, care focuses primarily on symptoms relief. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of mostly noncoding RNAs that accumulate with aging in the brain and are increasingly shown to regulate all aspects of neuronal and glial development and function. They are generated by the spliceosome through the backsplicing of linear RNA. Although their biological role remains largely unknown, they have been shown to regulate transcription and splicing, act as decoys for microRNAs and RNA binding proteins, used as templates for translation, and serve as scaffolding platforms for signaling components. Considering that they are stable, diverse, and detectable in easily accessible biofluids, they are deemed promising biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. CircRNAs are differentially expressed in the brain of patients with PD, and growing evidence suggests that they regulate PD pathogenetic processes. Here, the biogenesis, expression, degradation, and detection of circRNAs, as well as their proposed functions, are reviewed. Thereafter, research linking circRNAs to PD-related processes, including aging, alpha-synuclein dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress is highlighted, followed by recent evidence for their use as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for PD.