bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corroboration of the data obtained by virtual methods with the real ones in the study of road accidents
Authors: Mihai Clinciu , Stefanita Ciunel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Even though the frontal collisions occur in a much larger percentage than the lateral collisions, the lateral collisions consequences can be much more serious than the frontal collisions. This paper is meant to be a study on the importance of crush energy, which determines the mechanism that produces the severity of injuries. Using Newton laws of mechanics, we can discuss about the conservation of energy and linear momentum law which determine the impact force, speed and deformation. After, we compared the obtained data from the laboratory virtual crash tests with the determined values from the polygon experimental tests. Analytical techniques that determine the occupant and vehicle behaviour from this stage allow determining the mechanism that produces the damages and biomedical parameters, which are representative and correspond to the real applications from the practice investigation of the traffic events. The information is extremely useful to expert investigators who activates in the field of traffic events investigation and reconstruction.
A review of road traffic accidents reconstruction methods and their limitations with respect to the national legal frameworks
Authors: Duma Irina , Burnete Nicolae , Todorut Adrian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Road traffic accidents are the main issue in terms of public safety among Romania and Europe. Reconstructionists aim to ease their work and to offer results as exact as possible, by using a variety of reconstruction methods, from numerical modelling to software simulations of the collisions in which vehicles are involved. Depending on the conditions of a road traffic event, several methodologies can be used, with proper validation. However, the national legal frameworks may be considered as barriers in using a large variety of reconstruction methods. Therefore, this area of research should be further developed, in order to enlarge experts’ choice, especially in the context of rapid development of the automobile industry.
Air quality analysis on a frequently congested road section
Authors: Mustaţă D M , Popa R M , Ionel I , Balogh R M , Bisorca D , Streinu D R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper will focus on analysing the air quality on a frequently congested road section in the vicinity of Timisoara, Romania. The placement of the measurement equipment will be made next to a public transport station measuring the extent of different pollutants which affect the well-being of passengers waiting in these stations. The traffic congestion is present due to the unloading from the highway, reduced capacity of only a one lane road and because of the high amount of industrial area workplaces. The results presented will be part of the PhD thesis of the main author.
Nonlinear input transformations are ubiquitous in quantum reservoir computing
Authors: Govia L C G , Ribeill G J , Rowlands G E , Ohki T A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The nascent computational paradigm of quantum reservoir computing presents an attractive use of near-term, noisy-intermediate-scale quantum processors. To understand the potential power and use cases of quantum reservoir computing, it is necessary to define a conceptual framework to separate its constituent components and determine their impacts on performance. In this manuscript, we utilize such a framework to isolate the input encoding component of contemporary quantum reservoir computing schemes. We find that across the majority of schemes the input encoding implements a nonlinear transformation on the input data. As nonlinearity is known to be a key computational resource in reservoir computing, this calls into question the necessity and function of further, post-input, processing. Our findings will impact the design of future quantum reservoirs, as well as the interpretation of results and fair comparison between proposed designs.
metaboprep: an R package for preanalysis data description and processing
Authors: Hughes David A , Taylor Kurt , McBride Nancy , Lee Matthew A , Mason Dan , Lawlor Deborah A , Timpson Nicholas J , Corbin Laura J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Metabolomics is an increasingly common part of health research and there is need for preanalytical data processing. Researchers typically need to characterize the data and to exclude errors within the context of the intended analysis. Whilst some preprocessing steps are common, there is currently a lack of standardization and reporting transparency for these procedures.

Results
Here, we introduce metaboprep, a standardized data processing workflow to extract and characterize high quality metabolomics datasets. The package extracts data from preformed worksheets, provides summary statistics and enables the user to select samples and metabolites for their analysis based on a set of quality metrics. A report summarizing quality metrics and the influence of available batch variables on the data are generated for the purpose of open disclosure. Where possible, we provide users flexibility in defining their own selection thresholds.

Availability and implementation
metaboprep is an open-source R package available at https://github.com/MRCIEU/metaboprep.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Chemometric Strategy in the Development of a RP-UPLC Method for the Quantitative Resolution of a Two-Component Syrup Formulation
Authors: Rouhani Ghazal , Ertekin Zehra Ceren , Dinç Erdal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A novel chemometric strategy was implemented in the development of a new ultraperformance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative estimation of guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in a two-component syrup formulation with minimal experimental effort, time and reagent. A full factorial design with three factors was investigated to find optimal working conditions of chromatographic factors (column temperature, flow rate, and 0.1 M H3PO4% in mobile phase) that affect the chromatographic separation. Then, optimum experimental conditions providing adequate separation of the analyzed drug substances within the short runtime were determined. Under optimal experimental conditions, the retention times for guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were obtained as 0.817 and 1.430 min, respectively. In the optimized RP-UPLC method, chromatographic response was reported as a linear function of concentration between 5.0 and 80.0 μg/mL for guaifenesin and 10.0–90.0 μg/mL for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. The proposed method was carefully validated and successfully applied to quality control and analysis of a cough syrup preparation containing guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Consequently, the proposed reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography method provided an opportunity to quantify relevant drugs with small amount of reagents and short runtime.
Decreased chronic kidney disease in rheumatoid arthritis in the era of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
Authors: Hanaoka Hironari , Kikuchi Jun , Hiramoto Kazuoto , Saito Shuntaro , Kondo Yasushi , Kaneko Yuko 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
We investigated the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and its factors relevant to patients with stable rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We enrolled consecutive patients with RA who had initiated treatment with a biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARD) at our institution and continued the same drug for &gt;5 years between 2001 and 2016. Patients with CKD at bDMARD initiation were excluded. C-reactive protein (CRP) level, Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured every 6 months.

Results
We included 423 patients, with 196 on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, 190 on tocilizumab and 37 on abatacept. Among these patients, 34 (8.0%) progressed to CKD within 5 years. The mean CRP level and CDAI score over 5 years were significantly lower in patients without CKD progression than in those with CKD progression (P &lt; .001 and P = .008, respectively). Multivariable analysis revealed that age at bDMARD initiation [odds ratio (OR) 1.05, P = .002], non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (OR 3.47, P = .004) and mean CRP &gt;0.14 mg/dL (OR 5.89, P = .015) were independently associated with CKD progression, while tocilizumab use was associated with a decreased risk of CKD progression (OR 0.31, P = .027).

Conclusions
Controlling inflammation contributes to the inhibition of CKD progression in RA patients.
A Transformer Based Encodings for Detection of Semantically Equivalent Questions in cQA
Authors: Kumar Shobhan , Chauhan Arun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The probability of redundancy in questions has significantly increased due to the increasing influx of users on different cQA forums such as Quora, Stack overflow, etc. Because of this redundancy, the responses are scattered through various variations of the same question that results in unsatisfactory search results to a specific question. To address this issue, this work proposes the model for discovering the semantic similarity among the cQA questions. We followed two approaches (i) Feature-based: the question embedding is created using four forms of word embeddings and an ensemble of all four. Then Siamese LSTM (sLSTM) is used to find the semantic similarity among the questions. (ii) Fine-tuning: we fine-tuned BERT model on STS and SNLI data, which employs Siamese network architectures to generate semantically meaningful sentence embeddings. Then sBERT is used to assess the similarity between the questions. Experiments were carried out on Quora (QQP) and Stack Exchange cQA dataset with training sets of different sizes and word vectors of different dimensionalities. The model shows significant improvement over the state-of-the-artwork on sentence similarity tasks.
Growth Response of Ponderosa Pine to Intensive Cultural Treatments Varies with Site Quality and Plantation Age
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Finley Kaelyn A , Young David H , Fiddler Gary O , Looney Christopher 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Long-term forest experiments provide valuable knowledge in managing forests for productivity and other ecosystem services. California’s “Garden of Eden” experiment was established to determine growth potential of Pinus ponderosa plantations in response to intensive cultural treatments. We examined the 20-year growth-response of tree volume to intensive cultural treatments consisting of combinations of herbicide on competing vegetation (H), fertilization (F), and insecticide (I). We found that both H and F treatments synergistically increased tree growth at intermediate and lower-quality sites. Growth increased by 1.5–2.1 times with F, 2.1–2.5 times with H, and 2.3–3.8 times with HF treatments versus control (range = 39.3–109.2 m3 ha−1). Across the highest productive site, H and F effects on volume seemed additive at younger ages, but largely dissipated by age 20, with volume increasing by 1.6, 1.2, and 1.6 times relative to control in F, H, and HF treatments, respectively. However, 20-year mean annual increment was 21.7 m3 ha−1 yr−1 for the F treatment, the highest volume reported for ponderosa pine in California. The results underscore how site-specific cultural treatments, especially H and F, may widely enhance plantation productivity and boost stand development.

Study Implications
In Mediterranean climates, competing vegetation control is essential for ponderosa pine planation establishment and early growth, especially at intermediate and poor-quality sites. At higher-productivity sites, fertilization enhances stand growth and development, although fertilization’s beneficial effects on growth do not appear until canopy closure. Precommercial thinning in herbicide and fertilization treatments will not reduce overall stand growth 10 years postthinning. Intensively managed plantations appear to have a higher maximum stand density index compared to natural stands or unmanaged plantations. Therefore, these cultural treatments can be used to rapidly reforest areas after disturbances and subsequently promote larger trees on reforested landscapes.
Stability analysis of a standby system with an unreliable server and switching failure
Authors: Gao Chao , Chen Xing-Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to analysing stability of a standby system with an unreliable server and switching failure, where both the time-to-repair of units and the time-to-repair of server follow general distributions. By employing $C_0$ semigroup theory, we show that time-dependent solution of the system converges to steady-state solution under a rather mild condition. Further, if component’ repair rate and server’s repair rate satisfy a reasonable assumption, then the system is exponentially stable. Based on the above theoretical foundation, some steady-state reliability indices are obtained and total expected profit function per unit time is developed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis with numerical illustrations is also provided.
Variation of the Dyadic Maximal Function
Authors: Weigt Julian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe prove that for the dyadic maximal operator $\textrm {M}$ and every locally integrable function $f\in L^1_{{\textrm {loc}}}(\mathbb R^d)$ with bounded variation, also $\textrm {M} f$ is locally integrable and $\mathop {\textrm {var}}\textrm {M} f\leq C_d\mathop {\textrm {var}} f$ for any dimension $d\geq 1$. It means that if $f\in L^1_{{\textrm {loc}}}(\mathbb R^d)$ is a function whose gradient is a finite measure then so is $\nabla \textrm {M} f$ and $\|\nabla \textrm {M} f\|_{L^1(\mathbb R^d)}\leq C_d\|\nabla f\|_{L^1(\mathbb R^d)}$. We also prove this for the local dyadic maximal operator.
Evolution of cefiderocol resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia using in vitro serial passage techniques
Authors: Werth Brian J. , Ashford Nathaniel K. , Penewit Kelsi , Waalkes Adam , Holmes Elizabeth A. , Bryan Andrew , Salipante Stephen J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin active against MDR Gram-negatives including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Cefiderocol resistance remains uncommon and incompletely understood. We selected for cefiderocol-resistant S. maltophilia in vitro and characterized the genetic mechanisms and potential for cross-resistance to other antimicrobials.

Methods
We selected cefiderocol resistance in three clinical strains of S. maltophilia by serial passage in escalating concentrations of cefiderocol. Emergent cefiderocol-resistant isolates were subjected to repeat susceptibility testing against a panel of relevant antimicrobials. Isolates with confirmed MIC changes were whole genome sequenced.

Results
Each parent strain was initially susceptible to cefiderocol (MICs of 0.03125, 0.03125 and 0.125 mg/L), and one initially tested susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam (MIC 4 mg/L). We recovered evolved isolates achieving cefiderocol resistance at MICs of 8–32 mg/L from each parental strain. Some cefiderocol resistant isolates reverted following one to four drug-free passages. Ceftazidime/avibactam MICs of passaged isolates repeatedly increased to ≥256 mg/L, and while other MICs were largely unchanged, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole MICs declined 4-fold in two strains. WGS revealed one evolved isolate carrying six coding mutations, while four were isogenic mutants of tonB, tolQ, smf-1 and the smeT promoter. Mutation of the smeT promoter downregulated the smeDEF efflux pump and reduced susceptibility to penicillins but increased susceptibility to several other classes including sulphonamides. Other mutations occurred in genes putatively involved in iron metabolism including smlt1148 and cirA.

Conclusions
S. maltophilia strains evolved cefiderocol resistance through different genetic pathways, but often involved iron transport. Future work is required to fully understand the role(s) of other genes in cefiderocol resistance.
Associations of Glycated Albumin and HbA1c with Chronic Kidney Disease in US Adults
Authors: Kim Hyunju , Tang Olive , Rebholz Casey M , Grams Morgan E , Coresh Josef , Christenson Robert H , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Glycated albumin may provide complementary information to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). We compared cross-sectional associations of HbA1c and glycated albumin with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in US adults.

Methods
We included 10 923 adults (9955 without diagnosed diabetes, 968 with a diabetes diagnosis) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. We examined continuous associations and clinical cut points for HbA1c among those without diabetes (&lt;5.0%, 5.0%–5.6% (reference), 5.7%–6.4%, ≥6.5%) and among those with diagnosed diabetes (&lt;7.0%, 7.0%–8.9%, ≥9.0%) and percentile equivalents for glycated albumin. We used logistic regression to compare associations with prevalent CKD, adjusting for traditional risk factors. We used likelihood ratio tests to assess whether adding glycated albumin improved the model with HbA1c.

Results
There were J-shaped associations for both glycated albumin and HbA1c with CKD. Persons without a history of diabetes and very low glycated albumin or HbA1c were more likely to have CKD compared to those without diabetes and normoglycemia. The odds ratios (ORs) for CKD were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.12–1.55) for HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.28–3.25) for HbA1c ≥6.5%. The ORs for glycated albumin were 1.27 (95% CI, 1.06–1.51) and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.50–4.08) for glycated albumin 14.4% to 17.8% and ≥17.9%, respectively. The inclusion of glycated albumin in the model with HbA1c and traditional risk factors modestly but significantly improved the model fit (P value = 0.006).

Conclusions
Glycated albumin and HbA1c were similarly associated with prevalent CKD. Glycated albumin provides complementary information to HbA1c for prevalent CKD.
Insider attack detection in database with deep metric neural network with Monte Carlo sampling
Authors: Go Gwang-Myong , Bu Seok-Jun , Cho Sung-Bae 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Role-based database management systems are most widely used for information storage and analysis but are known as vulnerable to insider attacks. The core of intrusion detection lies in an adaptive system, where an insider attack can be judged if it is different from the predicted role by performing classification on the user’s queries accessing the database and comparing it with the authorized role. In order to handle the high similarity of user queries for misclassified roles, this paper proposes a deep metric neural network with strategic sampling algorithm that properly extracts salient features and directly learns a quantitative measure of similarity. A strategic sampling method of heuristically generating and learning training pairs through Monte Carlo search is proposed to select a training pair that can represent the entire dataset. With the TPC-E–based benchmark data trained with 11,000 queries for 11 roles, the proposed model produces the classification accuracy of 95.41%, which is the highest compared with the previous models. The results are verified through comparison of quantitative and qualitative evaluations, and the feature space modelled in the neural network is analysed by t-SNE algorithm.
Using habitat suitability information from across a species range to inform understudied ecosystems
Authors: Hurtado Cindy M , Burton A Cole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKnowledge of habitat suitability (HS) is required for effective conservation planning, yet it can be difficult to obtain. In the absence of local HS information, managers often use studies from other areas to guide their decisions, typically without local validation. We tested the hypothesis that HS is consistent across a species range, and thus reliably extrapolated to understudied sites. We focused on the puma, Puma concolor, a widely distributed large carnivore of conservation and management importance. We conducted a meta-analysis of 41 studies to calculate a mean effect size for six of the most common predictor variables used in mammal HS research. Using the estimated effect sizes in a regression model which included all six variables, we created a new HS model for pumas in an understudied site, the Tumbesian Region (TR). We contrasted predictions from this range-wide model with those from three more regionally specific HS models: a model developed in the Caatinga, Brazil (Caatinga model), a model considering only tropical studies (tropical model), and a model using only studies from the United States and Canada (temperate model). We used puma detection rates from camera trap surveys across the TR to validate model predictions. Although mean effect sizes of habitat predictor variables varied across puma range, all models provided useful predictions of HS for pumas in the TR (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] &gt; 0.64). Unexpectedly, the temperate model was best at predicting puma HS in the TR (AUC: 0.77; rs = 0.3), followed by the range-wide model (AUC = 0.73; rs = 0.29). The tropical and Caatinga models had lower predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.68; rs = 0.28 and AUC = 0.64; rs = 0.23, respectively). The accuracy of the tropical model improved when the area of potential recent puma extirpation was excluded from the validation data set. These results highlight that although HS for P. concolor varies across the species range, information collected across a wide range of sites may be better than only locally or regionally specific information for informing HS in understudied sites (e.g., for habitat protection, restoration areas). Given the pressing need for actions to address widespread biodiversity declines, existing knowledge can be used to predict HS to data-poor regions and inform conservation planning while also motivating model validations and targeted data collection.
Gauging Historical Forest Surveys: Recalibrating the Legacy of the Brandis Hypsometer
Authors: Karns Jameson , Wohlers David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, the European field of forestry was transmitted through expanding colonial empires and networks that sought to inventory and monetize overseas woodlands. Encountering new environments and terrain, the nineteenth century British Empire discovered that existing surveying and enumeration methods were poorly suited for colonized territories. This was particularly true of British India, which spanned from modern-day Pakistan to Myanmar. Designed for European forests, forestry instruments in the nineteenth century performed poorly abroad. With the assistance of Syed Mir Mohsin Hussain, Dietrich Brandis—a German scientist and one of the first Inspectors General of Forests in British India—reconstituted a European hypsometer to address some of these challenges. The collaboration between the two men resulted in the Brandis hypsometer. For the subsequent half century, the hypsometer became a principal forestry device throughout the British Empire and the United States. Despite the widespread adoption of the device, critics challenged the operability and accuracy of the Brandis hypsometer. Using computer-aided design and modern fabrication techniques has allowed for a reexamination of this historic device. The authors’ investigation supports critics’ claims and suggests a degree of nuance for researchers relying on data produced by the device.