bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Post-marketing Centralized Monitoring of clinical safety of Naoxintong Capsules in 7345 patients
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Ling Xiao , Chen Yuhuan , Li Xuelin , Tang Jinfa , Zhang Hui , Xu Tao , Jin Yantao , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Naoxintong Capsules (NXT), a type of preparation for long-term oral administration in the clinic, is mainly used for preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and stroke. However, currently, there are no reliable clinical data on NXT safety assessment.Aim: To evaluate the frequency and categories of the adverse drug reaction (ADR) of NXT in clinical application in China and analyze the factors related to ADR incidence.Methods: A total of 7345 inpatients and outpatients from 14 hospitals in China who were orally administrated with NXT between January 2018 and December 2018 were followed up at least once. The monitored items mainly included gender, age, nationality, BMI, personal drug and food allergy history and family allergy history, patients' disease types, NXT medication, and the occurrence, characteristics, and recovery of ADR. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of ADR.Results: The incidence of ADR was 3.44‰, and gastrointestinal system damage was the most common adverse reaction. All ADRs were mild or moderate. Most ADRs (86.36%) occurred within 4 weeks after administration, while in 81.82% of patients who continuously took NXT, ADRs improved or were fully resolved. There were no indicators related to the significant increase of ADR risk.Conclusion: NXT was well tolerated in the general population. The hospital centralized monitoring research method, which was established based on data from the Hospital Information System and Web-tracking follow-up system, is necessary to carry out the safety research study for post-marketing of traditional Chinese medicines.Trial registration: This protocol has international registration in the China Clinical Trials Registration Center through international registration (No. ChiCTR-OPC-17013912) on December 14, 2017.
TNFR2 antagonsitic antibody induces the death of tumor infiltrating CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: He Tianzhen , Chen Yibo , Yang De , Islam Md Sahidul , Chou Chon-Kit , Liu Jiarui , Oppenheim Joost J , Chen Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
TNFR2 expression is a characteristic of highly potent immunosuppressive tumor infiltrating CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs). There is now compelling evidence that TNF through TNFR2 preferentially stimulates the activation and expansion of Tregs. We and others, therefore, proposed that targeting of TNFR2 may provide a novel strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Several studies have showed the anti-tumor effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibody in different tumor model. However, the exact action of TNFR2 antibody on Tregs remained fully understood.
Method
TY101, an anti-murine TNFR2 antibody, was used for exmining the effect of TNFR2 blockade on Treg proliferation and viability in vitro. The role of TNFR2 on Treg viability were further validated by TNFR2 konckout mice and in TY101-treated mouse tumor model.
Results
In this study, we found that TY101, an anti-mouse TNFR2 antibody, could inhibit TNF-induced proliferative expansion of Treg, indicative of an antagonistic property. To examine the effect of TY101 on Treg viability, we treated purified Tregs with dexamethasone (Dex) which was known to induce T cell death. The result showed that TY101 treatment furhter promoted Treg death in the presence of Dex. This led us to found that TNFR2 expression was crucial for the survival of Tregs. In mouse EG7 lymphoma model, treatment with TY101 potently inhibited tumor growth, resulting in a complete regression of tumor in 60% mice. The treatment with TY101 elicited potent antitumor immune responses in this model, accompanied by enhanced death of Treg cells.
Conclusion
This study therefore provides clear experimental evidence that the anti-tumor effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibody can promote the death of Tregs, and this effect may be attributrable to the anti-tumor effect of TNFR2 antagonistic antibody.
Next-generation sequencing assisted diagnosis of a case of leprosy misdiagnosed as erythema multiforme
Authors: Zhang Yanfang , Lei Xuezhong , Lu Jiajie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Backgroud: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, mainly transmitted through the droplets from the nose and mouth of patients with untreated leprosy. Owing to no specific serological markers and clinical manifestations, leprosy can be easily confused with other skin lesion-related diseases and is difficult to distinguish. Case presentation: This study introduces and summarises the diagnosis and treatment process of leprosy, which was misdiagnosed in the present patient as erythema multiforme for a long time. A 43-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of "repeated fever with superficial lymphadenopathy and systemic rash in May." The diagnosis of the patient was based on the two main clinical characteristics of superficial lymphadenopathy and systemic pleomorphic erythema, using a combination of multiple samples of lymph nodes and skin, routine pathological examination, immunohistochemistry, acid-fast, silver hexamine, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and second-generation gene sequencing of fresh biopsy tissue. The patient was treated with dapsone, rifampicin, and chlorphenamine at the Institute of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases. After treatment for one year, her temperature returned to normal, the area of facial erythema decreased, and the volume of axillary lymph nodes gradually decreased. Conclusions: In conclusion, special pathological staining and second-generation gene sequencing showed promising advantages in distinguishing leprosy from other skin lesion-related diseases.
Some Practical Studies on the Nature and Characteristic of Hydrogen Bonding, and the Future Perspectives: A Still Debated Fundamental Principle of Biology and Physical Sciences
Authors: Kaul Bansi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen bonding has proved to be significantly important in all fields of physical sciences, and particularly in biology as was predicted by Nobel Laureate Linus Pauling. The nature and characteristics of hydrogen bond are, however, still being debated after almost a century of its first recognition. The paper here, provides unequivocal differentiation between covalent character and electrostatic character of the hydrogen bond, on the basis of the 15N-H spin-spin coupling in covalent bonding, and absence of any such spin-spin coupling across in the electrostatic bonding in 15N labelled compounds. Hydrogen is, therefore, definitely covalently bonded to its residence site. This NMR study also provides a direction towards gadolinium(III)-free contrast materials for MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) diagnosis, due to concerns of safety. Moreover, the paper describes reactivity and selectivity in chemical reactions, aided and abated by intramolecular hydrogen bondings, and the characterization of cis-THI and Trans-THI, a novel synthetic chromophore related to naturally occurring trichosiderins, contained in human and animal keratinic materials. Trichosiderins, derived biochemically from sulphur containing amino acids, are now finding increased interest in medicinal research due to melanoma studies.
Ultra-protective ventilation combined with V-V ECMO has a preferable therapeutic effect on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An experimental study in aged Beagle dogs
Authors: Xi Wang , Wang Anli , Zhang Yufeng , Liu Kai , Wang Jing , Le Shiguan , Cheng Pengchao , Wang Junnan , Xue Xiaofei , Yu Yue , Wang Pei , Xiao Jian , Wang Zhinong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background To assess the optimal mechanical ventilation strategies during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) in aged dogs with severe respiratory distress syndrome.Methods Beagle dogs aged 10-12 years old were randomized assigned(n = 6 per group) to control or three different ventilation strategy groups: conventional ventilation strategy (CV) group, protective ventilation strategy (PV) group and ultra-protective ventilation strategy (UPV) group. ARDS model was established and V-V ECMO was used in all the dogs of CV, PV and UPV groups. Gas exchange data including blood partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI) data including airway plateau pressure (Pplat), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and lung compliance were continuously monitored. After continuous treatment for 24 hours, lung tissue were collected to assess the histological examination and the inflammatory factors expression.Results For VILI data, the 24-hour lung compliance of UPV group was significantly higher than CV and PV groups. Pplat and EVLWI were significantly lower in UPV group than those in the other two ventilation strategy groups. And the pathology study demonstrated that lower lung injury scores of the UPV group than the CV or the PV group. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were significantly lower in UPV group than PV and CV groups, which further confirmed the effectiveness of UPV strategy.Conclusions UPV strategy showed significant advantage on decreasing lung injury and the inflammatory responses in the aged dog of severe ARDS model supported with V-V ECMO.
Virtual reconstruction of the painting process and original colors of a color-changed Northern Wei Dynasty mural in Cave 254 of the Mogao Grottoes
Authors: Bolong Chai , Zongren Yu , Manli Sun , Zhongwei Shan , Jinli Zhao , Biwen Shui , Zhuo Wang , Yaopeng Yin , Bomin Su 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534 CE) murals of Cave 254 in the Mogao Grottoes, China, have been extensively affected by pigment color changes and fading. These issues severely hinder efforts to correctly understand the value and painting process of murals from this historic period. The virtual reconstruction of faded murals could help researchers gain an understanding of their pigment chemistry and painting processes in a virtual environment and provide a visual reference for conservation and art studies. However, simple virtual reconstructions may not be accurate owing to deficiencies in our understanding of the color-changed pigments and fading of image lines. In this study, a minimally invasive approach was used to elucidate the details and pigment distributions of a faded mural. Technical photography was performed to obtain infrared-reflected false color, ultraviolet-reflected false color, and ultraviolet luminescence images of the mural. Noninvasive and minimally invasive analyses were then performed on localized parts of each color-area to identify their pigments and paint stratigraphy and construct a hue–saturation–brightness color palette for these pigments. Finally, the pigment analysis results were combined with multispectral image features to determine the pigment distributions of the mural, which were then used to virtually reconstruct the original color and appearance of the faded mural under ideal conditions. This study is the first to use a virtual reconstruction based on objective analyses to simulate the original color, painting processes, and pigment stratigraphy of a mural from the Northern Wei Dynasty. A preliminary discussion of the relationship between the painting processes of the mural and color changes in its pigments was also performed. The findings of this study will provide new perspectives for the study of Northern Wei Dynasty murals.
Castor1 overexpression regulates microglia M1/M2 polarization via inhibiting mTOR pathway
Authors: Hu Huiling , Lu Xiaoxia , Liu Xiuli , He Yuqing , Duan Chaohui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain and are closely associated with central nervous system inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that mTOR pathway plays an important role in the polarization of microglia. Castor1 has been identified as the cytosolic arginine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway, but the role of Castor1 in microglial polarization is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of Castor1 on microglial polarization and the underlying mechanism. The results demonstrated that Castor1 expression was significantly decreased in LPS and IFNγ treated microglia. Castor1 overexpression inhibited the microglia M1 polarization by reducing the expression of M1 related markers. However, microglia M2 polarization was promoted when Castor1 was overexpressed in IL-4 treated microglia. Mechanistically, Castor1 overexpression inhibited the activation of mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, after treatment with the mTOR activator MHY1485, the inhibitory effect of Castor1 overexpression on M1 polarization was attenuated, indicating that the regulation effects of Castor1 on M1 polarization was dependent on its inhibition of mTOR pathway. We propose that Castor1-mTOR signaling pathway could be considered as a potential target for treatment and intervention of central nervous system-related diseases by regulating microglia polarization.
Web security assessment and strategy optimization based on attack-defense game
Authors: Yu Wenfei , Chen Zigang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on game theory, we analyse the attack-defence process between penetration testers and system defenders related to web vulnerabilities, and we propose a web security assessment and strategy optimisation based on attack-defence games. First, according to the actual process of the network, we build a web attack-defence game model that considers the multiple influence parameters of web vulnerabilities on the profitability of attack and defence. These parameters include the difficulty of vulnerability exploitation and detection, the influence of vulnerability hazards, and the prevalence of vulnerabilities. In addition, we quantify the decision cost and the ability of both attack and defence subjects using the Nash equilibrium principle to obtain the best attack and defence strategies corresponding to the defender. Experiments verified the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper, focusing on the specific impact of the different capabilities of the two parties and the different decision costs of the benefits. This can not only enhance the penetration success rate of the penetration tester but also allow the system defender to make targeted defence enhancements to the system based on the defence payoff matrix.
Enhancing very long chain fatty acid production in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Gajdoš Peter , Urbaníková Veronika , Vicenová Mária , Čertík Milan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Very long chain fatty acids and their derivatives are industrially attractive compounds. The most important are behenic and erucic fatty acids which are used as lubricants, moisturizers and has potential in biofuel production. These fatty acids are conventionally obtained from plant oils. Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast with long history of gene manipulations resulting in production of industrially interesting compounds, such as organic acids, proteins, and various lipophilic molecules. It has been shown previously that it has potential for production of very long chain fatty acids enriched single cell oils.
Results
Metabolism of Y. lipolytica has been redesigned to achieve increased production of very long chain fatty acids. Effect of native diacylglycerol acyltransferases of this yeast LRO1, DGA1, and DGA2 on accumulation of very long chain fatty acids was examined. It was found that DGA1 is the only enzyme with beneficial effect. Further improvement of accumulation was achieved by increasing of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase expression and blockage fatty acid degradation pathway. The best producing strain YL53 (Δmfe, pTEF-DGA1, 8UAS-pTEF-FAE1) produced 120 µg of very long chain fatty acids per g of produced biomass, which accounted for 34% of total fatty acids in biomass.
Conclusions
Recombinant strains of Y. lipolytica has proved to be good producers of very long chain fatty acids. Redesign of lipid metabolism pathways had positive effect on accumulation of erucic and behenic acids which are technologically attractive compounds.
In vitro anti-hepatocellular carcinogenesis of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O- galloyl-β-D-glucose
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Bi Jing-hui , Wu Min-rui , Ye Shi-jie , Yi Yang , Wang Hong-xun , Wang Li-mei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The main aim of this study was to explore the antitumor effects and mechanism of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. A network pharmacology method was first used to predict the possible inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma growth by β-PGG through the p53 signaling pathway. Next, the CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate changes in the survival rate of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of the drug; flow cytometry was used to detect changes in cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration; and real-time fluorescence quantification and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate changes in the expression of P53, BAX, and BCL-2. Results showed that the expression of P53 genes and proteins associated with the p53 signaling pathway was significantly increased by β-PGG treatment. It was found that β-PGG significantly inhibited survival of HepG2 cells, promoted apoptosis, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ concentration, upregulated P53 gene and protein expression, increased CASP3 expression, and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, this study has shown that network pharmacology can accurately predict the target of β-PGG's anti-hepatocellular carcinoma action. Moreover, it was evident that β-PGG can induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells by activating the p53 signaling pathway to achieve its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect in vitro.
Chemistry-driven changes strongly influence climate forcing from vegetation emissions
Authors: Weber James , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Abraham Luke , Shin Youngsub Matthew , Griffiths Paul , Grosvenor Daniel , Scott Catherine , Archibald Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) affect climate via formation of organic aerosols and their influence on cloud properties, and via atmospheric oxidation changes influencing the greenhouse gases ozone and methane. BVOCs also exhibit dependence on climate (leading to a feedback), and land use change (including afforestation/reforestation as a CO2 removal strategy). Despite recent scientific advances, there remains considerable uncertainty between model simulations in the net impact BVOCs have on climate.One contributor to this uncertainty is the description of BVOC chemistry, hitherto minimally assessed in a climate context. Using the Earth system model UKESM1 we quantify the influence of chemistry by comparing the climate response to a doubling of BVOC emissions in a pre-industrial atmosphere with standard and state-of-science chemistry mechanisms, with both using interactive oxidant fields. The net feedback from BVOCs is positive in UKESM1, regardless of the mechanism used. The negative feedback from enhanced aerosol scattering is outweighed by positive feedbacks from increases in ozone and methane, and changes to aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI). Contrary to prior studies, we show the ACI response is driven by reductions in cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) via oxidant-driven suppression of gas phase SO2 oxidation. However, with the state-of-science scheme the feedback is 43% smaller due to lower oxidant depletion yielding smaller methane increases and smaller CDNC decreases. This illustrates the significant influence of chemistry and oxidants on gas and aerosol responses to BVOC emission changes and the more complex pathways by which BVOCs influence climate than are currently recognised.
Comparative genomic analysis of Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of microbial immobilization of heavy metals
Authors: Shan Shiping , Cheng Wei , Li Yilu , Zhang Min , Liu Zhudong , Wang Yushuang , Wei Xiaowu , Fu Zujiao , Wu Shandong , Du Dongxia , Guo Zhaohui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: In our previous study, Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 was isolated from high cadmium-contaminated soils, and demonstrated an excellent ability to decrease the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil and inhibit cadmium uptake in rice. In addition, the strain XT1-2-2 could significantly promote rice growth and increase rice biomass. Therefore, the strain XT1-2-2 shows great potential for remediation of cadmium -contaminated soils. However, the genome sequence of this organism has not been reported so far.Results: Here the basic characteristics and genetic diversity of the strain XT1-2-2 were described, together with the draft genome and comparative genomic results. The strain XT1-2-2 is 5040459 bp long with an average G + C content of 52.09%, and contains 3787 protein-coding genes and 129 RNA genes. All genes of a complete set of sulfate reduction pathway and various putative heavy metal resistance genes in the genome were identified and analyzed.Conclusions: These analytical results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of microbial immobilization of heavy metals.
Uterine fibroid characteristics and complications in early pregnancy ultrasound scan; a retrospective analytical study at RAAJ Specialist Scan in Southern Ghana
Authors: Jimah Bashiru Babatunde , Sarkodie Benjamin Dabo , Offei Asare Kwaku , Agbeno Evans Kofi , Idun Ewurama Andam , Anim Dorothea , Brakohiapa Edmund Kwakye 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study assessed the correlation between uterine fibroid characteristics and the complications of early pregnancy using ultrasound scan. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 women within 10weeks of gestation from November 2020 to October 2021 at a single specialist facility in Cape Coast metropolis. Patients’ age, indications, gestational age, fetal heart rate, presence of fibroids, presence of placenta, characteristics of the fibroids (size, number, location and echopattern), and early pregnancy complications. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics, Fisher exact was used to compare proportions and Pearson correlation tests to assess associations at p < 0.05. The prevalence of fibroid in early pregnancy was 31.61%. The majority of the fibroids (63.64%, 35) were intramural, located in the upper segment and often multiple but the mean size of the largest fibroids was 5.63 (SD 3.16) cm. The incidence of fetal death was higher among women without fibroids (3.36%) compared to those with fibroid (1.82%). Threatened miscarriages (2.30%), and missed abortion (2.30%) were commonest ultrasound abnormalities. There was no significant correlation between fibroid characteristics and early pregnancy complications. Ultrasound investigation of uterine fibroid is essential in early pregnancy to target treatment intervention for better fetal and maternal health outcomes.