bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of experienced uncertainties in relation to risk communication during COVID19: a four-country study
Authors: Cristea Florin , Weishaar Heide , Geurts Brogan , Delamou Alexandre , Tan Melisa Mei Jin , Legido-Quigley Helena , Aminu Kafayat , Mari-Sáez Almudena , Rocha Carlos , Camara Bienvenu , Barry Lansana , Thea Paul , Boucsein Johannes , Bahr Thurid , Al-Awlaqi Sameh , Pozo-Martin Francisco , Boklage Evgeniya , Jegede Ayodele Samuel , Bcheraoui Charbel El 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
During outbreaks, uncertainties experienced by affected communities can influence their compliance to government guidance on public health. Communicators and authorities are, hence, encouraged to acknowledge and address such uncertainties. However, in the midst of public health crises, it can become difficult to define and identify uncertainties that are most relevant to address. We analyzed data on COVID-19-related uncertainties from four socio-economic contexts to explore how uncertainties can influence people’s perception of, and response to Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) strategies.

Results
This qualitative study, which adopts an interpretative approach, is based on data from a documentary review, key informant interviews (KII), and focus group discussions (FGD) with members of the general public and people with barriers to information from Germany, Guinea, Nigeria, and Singapore. Transcripts from the KII and FGD were coded and analyzed thematically. We interviewed a total of 155 KIs and conducted 73 FGD. Our analysis uncovered a divergence between uncertainties deemed relevant by stakeholders involved in policy making and uncertainties that people reportedly had to navigate in their everyday lives and which they considered relevant during the pandemic. We identified four types of uncertainties that seemed to have influenced people’s assessment of the disease risk and their trust in the pandemic control strategies including RCCE efforts: epidemiological uncertainties (related to the nature and severity of the virus), information uncertainties (related to access to reliable information), social uncertainties (related to social behavior in times of heightened risk), and economic uncertainties (related to financial insecurities).

Conclusion
We suggest that in future outbreaks, communicators and policy makers could improve the way in which affected communities assess their risk, and increase the trust of these communities in response efforts by addressing non-epidemiological uncertainties in RCCE strategies.
Vitamin D level in relation to depression symptoms during adolescence
Authors: Al-Sabah Reem , Al-Taiar Abdullah , Shaban Lemia , Albatineh Ahmed N. , Sharaf Alddin Reem , Durgampudi Praveen K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and depression symptoms among adolescents in Kuwait, a country with a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.MethodsA school based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 704 adolescents in middle schools. Data on depression symptoms were collected using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Data on covariates were collected from the parents by self-administered questionnaire and from adolescents by face-to-face interview. Blood samples were analyzed in an accredited laboratory; and 25(OH)D was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsOf 704 adolescents, 94 (13.35%; 95%CI:10.35–17.06%) had depression symptom (a score of 19 or more on the CDI). There was no significant difference in the median CDI score between different vitamin D status (p = 0.366). There was also no significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D concentration and CDI score (Spearman’s rank correlation = 0.01; p = 0.825).There was no significant association between 25(OH)D and depression symptoms whether 25(OH)D was fitted as a continuous variable (crude odds ratio (OR) 0 .99 [95%CI: 0.98, 1.01], p = 0.458 and adjusted OR 1.01 [95%CI: 0.99, 1.02], p = 0.233), categorical variable as per acceptable cut-of points (crude analysis p = 0.376 and adjusted analysis p = 0.736), or categorical variable as quartiles (crude analysis p = 0.760 and adjusted analysis p = 0.549).ConclusionVitamin D status does not seem to be associated with depression symptoms among adolescents in our setting. Nevertheless, it is important to have sufficient vitamin D levels during adolescence for several other health benefits.
The high-volume haemodiafiltration vs high-flux haemodialysis registry trial (H4RT): a multi-centre, unblinded, randomised, parallel-group, superiority study to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of high-volume haemodiafiltration and high-flux haemodialysis in people with kidney failure on maintenance dialysis using linkage to routine healthcare databases for outcomes
Authors: Caskey Fergus J. , Procter Sunita , MacNeill Stephanie J. , Wade Julia , Taylor Jodi , Rooshenas Leila , Liu Yumeng , Annaw Ammar , Alloway Karen , Davenport Andrew , Power Albert , Farrington Ken , Mitra Sandip , Wheeler David C. , Law Kristian , Lewis-White Helen , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Hollingworth Will , Donovan Jenny , Lane J. Athene 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
More than a third of the 65,000 people living with kidney failure in the UK attend a dialysis unit 2–5 times a week to have their blood cleaned for 3–5 h. In haemodialysis (HD), toxins are removed by diffusion, which can be enhanced using a high-flux dialyser. This can be augmented with convection, as occurs in haemodiafiltration (HDF), and improved outcomes have been reported in people who are able to achieve high volumes of convection. This study compares the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of high-volume HDF compared with high-flux HD in the treatment of kidney failure.

Methods
This is a UK-based, multi-centre, non-blinded randomised controlled trial. Adult patients already receiving HD or HDF will be randomised 1:1 to high-volume HDF (aiming for 21+ L of substitution fluid adjusted for body surface area) or high-flux HD. Exclusion criteria include lack of capacity to consent, life expectancy less than 3 months, on HD/HDF for less than 4 weeks, planned living kidney donor transplant or home dialysis scheduled within 3 months, prior intolerance of HDF and not suitable for high-volume HDF for other clinical reasons. The primary outcome is a composite of non-cancer mortality or hospital admission with a cardiovascular event or infection during follow-up (minimum 32 months, maximum 91 months) determined from routine data. Secondary outcomes include all-cause mortality, cardiovascular- and infection-related morbidity and mortality, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Baseline data will be collected by research personnel on-site. Follow-up data will be collected by linkage to routine healthcare databases — Hospital Episode Statistics, Civil Registration, Public Health England and the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) in England, and equivalent databases in Scotland and Wales, as necessary — and centrally administered patient-completed questionnaires. In addition, research personnel on-site will monitor for adverse events and collect data on adherence to the protocol (monthly during recruitment and quarterly during follow-up).

Discussion
This study will provide evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HD as compared to HDF for adults with kidney failure in-centre HD or HDF. It will inform management for this patient group in the UK and internationally.

Trial registration
ISRCTN10997319. Registered on 10 October 2017
Balamuthia mandrillaris trophozoites ingest human neuronal cells via a trogocytosis-independent mechanism
Authors: Pengsart Worakamol , Tongkrajang Nongnat , Whangviboonkij Narisara , Sarasombath Patsharaporn Techasintana , Kulkeaw Kasem 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Environmental protozoa need an adaptation mechanism to survive drastic changes in niches in the human body. In the brain parenchyma, Balamuthia mandrillaris trophozoites, which are causative agents of fatal brain damage, must acquire nutrients through the ingestion of surrounding cells. However, the mechanism deployed by the trophozoites for cellular uptake remains unknown.

Methods
Amoebic ingestion of human neural cell components was investigated using a coculture system of clinically isolated B. mandrillaris trophozoites and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cell-to-cell interactions were visualized in a three-dimensional manner using confocal and holotomographic microscopes.

Results
The B. mandrillaris trophozoites first attached themselves to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and then twisted themselves around the cytoplasmic bridge. Based on fluorescence-based cell tracking, the B. mandrillaris trophozoites then inserted invadopodia into the cytoplasm of the human cells. Subsequently, the human protein-enriched components were internalized into the trophozoites in the form of nonmembranous granules, whereas the human lipids were dispersed in the cytoplasm. Intervention of trogocytosis, a process involving nibbling on parts of the target cells, failed to inhibit this cellular uptake.

Conclusions
Human cell ingestion by B. mandrillaris trophozoites likely differs from trogocytosis, suggesting that a pathogen-specific strategy can be used to ameliorate brain damage.

Graphical Abstract
Expression of fatty acid synthase genes and their role in development and arboviral infection of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Chotiwan Nunya , Brito-Sierra Carlos A. , Ramirez Gabriella , Lian Elena , Grabowski Jeffrey M. , Graham Babara , Hill Catherine A. , Perera Rushika 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Fatty acids are the building blocks of complex lipids essential for living organisms. In mosquitoes, fatty acids are involved in cell membrane production, energy conservation and expenditure, innate immunity, development and reproduction. Fatty acids are synthesized by a multifunctional enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase (FAS). Several paralogues of FAS were found in the Aedes aegypti mosquito. However, the molecular characteristics and expression of some of these paralogues have not been investigated.

Methods
Genome assemblies of Ae. aegypti were analyzed, and orthologues of human FAS was identified. Phylogenetic analysis and in silico molecular characterization were performed to identify the functional domains of the Ae. aegypti FAS (AaFAS). Quantitative analysis and loss-of-function experiments were performed to determine the significance of different AaFAS transcripts in various stages of development, expression following different diets and the impact of AaFAS on dengue virus, serotype 2 (DENV2) infection and transmission.

Results
We identified seven putative FAS genes in the Ae. aegypti genome assembly, based on nucleotide similarity to the FAS proteins (tBLASTn) of humans, other mosquitoes and invertebrates. Bioinformatics and molecular analyses suggested that only five of the AaFAS genes produce mRNA and therefore represent complete gene models. Expression levels of AaFAS varied among developmental stages and between male and female Ae. aegypti. Quantitative analyses revealed that expression of AaFAS1, the putative orthologue of the human FAS, was highest in adult females. Transient knockdown (KD) of AaFAS1 did not induce a complete compensation by other AaFAS genes but limited DENV2 infection of Aag2 cells in culture and the midgut of the mosquito.

Conclusion
AaFAS1 is the predominant AaFAS in adult mosquitoes. It has the highest amino acid similarity to human FAS and contains all enzymatic domains typical of human FAS. AaFAS1 also facilitated DENV2 replication in both cell culture and in mosquito midguts. Our data suggest that AaFAS1 may play a role in transmission of dengue viruses and could represent a target for intervention strategies.

Graphical Abstract
Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography-derived radiomics signature for detecting Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shiiba Takuro , Takano Kazuki , Takaki Akihiro , Suwazono Shugo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
We hypothesised that the radiomics signature, which includes texture information of dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) images for Parkinson’s disease (PD), may assist semi-quantitative indices. Herein, we constructed a radiomics signature using DAT-SPECT-derived radiomics features that effectively discriminated PD from healthy individuals and evaluated its classification performance.

Results
We analysed 413 cases of both normal control (NC, n = 101) and PD (n = 312) groups from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative database. Data were divided into the training and two test datasets with different SPECT manufacturers. DAT-SPECT images were spatially normalised to the Montreal Neurologic Institute space. We calculated 930 radiomics features, including intensity- and texture-based features in the caudate, putamen, and pallidum volumes of interest. The striatum uptake ratios (SURs) of the caudate, putamen, and pallidum were also calculated as conventional semi-quantification indices. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for feature selection and construction of the radiomics signature. The four classification models were constructed using a radiomics signature and/or semi-quantitative indicator. Furthermore, we compared the classification performance of the semi-quantitative indicator alone and the combination with the radiomics signature for the classification models. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the classification performance. The classification performance of SURputamen was higher than that of other semi-quantitative indicators. The radiomics signature resulted in a slightly increased area under the ROC curve (AUC) compared to SURputamen in each test dataset. When combined with SURputamen and radiomics signature, all classification models showed slightly higher AUCs than that of SURputamen alone.

Conclusion
We constructed a DAT-SPECT image-derived radiomics signature. Performance analysis showed that the current radiomics signature would be helpful for the diagnosis of PD and has the potential to provide robust diagnostic performance.
Uplink coverage enhancements for extremely large-cell sites
Authors: Reddy M. Pavan , Rao G. Koteswara , Kumar D. Harish , Subhash K. , Amuru SaiDhiraj , Kuchi Kiran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn urban areas, the network operators deploy small-cell sites and install a large number of base stations to support densely populated cellular users. A similar small-cell deployment in rural areas is not feasible for the operators, as it will significantly increase the capital expenditure, and the return on the investment will also be comparatively lower. Hence, the most feasible way to provide cellular connectivity to rural areas is the deployment of large-cell sites. However, the technology developed for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-Advanced standard (or 4G) was evaluated for an inter-site distance of 1.732 km, making the large-cell connectivity required for rural areas an afterthought. For cellular last-mile rural connectivity to be a reality through IMT-2020 (or 5G), the key is to have future technologies supporting large cells. In large-cell sites, the users experience comparatively more path loss, and thus, have poor signal coverage. Further, compared to downlink, the transmission power in uplink is limited, and therefore, uplink transmissions define the coverage of the communication system. Motivated by this, we propose several coverage solutions for uplink, considering an extremely large-cell site scenario. We initially analyze the received signal-to-noise ratio with 4G/5G systems at various distances based on the link budget evaluation. At larger inter-site distances, we show that it is infeasible to achieve cellular coverage with the current 4G/5G specifications. We then propose enhancements related to the waveform, modulation and coding schemes, resource allocation, and power control mechanisms. We evaluate the proposed enhancements through system- and link-level simulations, and show a significant improvement in the coverage for cell-edge users. We also show that our proposed enhancements achieve close to two times the improvement in the network capacity when compared to the currently available 5G specifications.
Setting life cycle assessment (LCA) in a future-oriented context: the combination of qualitative scenarios and LCA in the agri-food sector
Authors: Voglhuber-Slavinsky Ariane , Zicari Alberto , Smetana Sergiy , Moller Björn , Dönitz Ewa , Vranken Liesbet , Zdravkovic Milena , Aganovic Kemal , Bahrs Enno 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy combining qualitative scenarios and life cycle assessment (LCA), we place the latter in a larger context. This study outlines the importance of the integration of future perspectives into LCA, and also the significance of taking changes in the environment of technology into account, rather than just technological development itself. Accordingly, we focused on adapting the background system of an attributional LCA in the agri-food sector. The proposed technology was assumed not have evolved in the considered time horizon. In this context, the objectives of this paper were twofold: (i) to methodologically prove the applicability of integrating qualitative scenarios into LCA and (ii) to focus on changes in the background system, which is sometimes overlooked in the context of future-oriented LCA. This allowed to evaluate the future potential of different technologies, assessing their environmental impact under uncertain future developments. Methodologically, the qualitative information from scenarios was transformed into quantitative data, which was successively fed into the life cycle inventory (LCI) of the LCA approach. This point of integration into the second phase of LCA translates into future changes in the entire environment in which a technology is used. This means that qualitatively described scenario narratives need to be converted into value estimates in order to be incorporated into the LCA model. A key conclusion is that changes in the background of an LCA—the changing framework expressed through the inventory database—can be very important for the environmental impact of emerging technologies. This approach was applied to a food processing technology to produce apple juice. The proposed methodology enables technology developers to make their products future-proof and robust against socioeconomic development. In addition, the market perspective, if spelled out in the scenarios, can be integrated, leading to a more holistic picture of LCA with its environmental focus, while simultaneously empowering actors to make the right strategic decisions today, especially when considering the long investment cycles in the agri-food sector.
Role of positive mental health in reducing fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Qaisar Khalid , Sohail Malik Muhammad , Qureshi Waheed Ahmad , Zakar Rubeena , Wrona Kamil J. , Fischer Florian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed multiple challenges to healthcare systems. Evidence suggests that mental well-being is badly affected due to compliance with preventative measures in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the role of positive mental health (subjective sense of wellbeing) to cope with fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in the Pashtun community in Pakistan.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 501 respondents from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa participating in an online-based study. We performed correlational analysis, hierarchical linear regression and structural equational modeling (SEM) to analyze the role of mental health in reducing fears and general anxiety disorder.

Results
The results of the SEM show that positive mental health has direct effects in reducing the fear related to COVID-19 (β = − 0.244, p < 0.001) and general anxiety (β = − 0.210, p < 0.001). Fears of COVID-19 has a direct effect on increasing general anxiety (β = 0.480). In addition, positive mental health also has an indirect effect (β = − 0.117, p < 0.001) on general anxiety (R2 = 0.32, p < 0.001) through reducing fear of coronavirus.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, there is a need to develop community health policies emphasizing on promotive and preventive mental health strategies for people practicing social/physical distancing.
Resilience of females to acute blood–brain barrier damage and anxiety behavior following mild blast traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hubbard W. Brad , Velmurugan Gopal V. , Brown Emily P. , Sullivan Patrick G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLow-level blast exposure can result in neurological impairment for military personnel. Currently, there is a lack of experimental data using sex as a biological variable in neurovascular outcomes following blast exposure. To model mild blast traumatic brain injury (mbTBI), male and female rats were exposed to a single 11 psi static peak overpressure blast wave using the McMillan blast device and cohorts were then euthanized at 6 h, 24 h, 7 d and 14 d post-blast followed by isolation of the amygdala. After mbTBI, animals experience immediate bradycardia, although no changes in oxygen saturation levels or weight loss are observed. Male mbTBI animals displayed significantly higher levels of anxiety-like behavior (open field and elevated plus maze) compared to male sham groups; however, there was no anxiety phenotype in female mbTBI animals. Blast-induced neurovascular damage was explored by measuring expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and astrocyte end-feet coverage around the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Western blot analysis demonstrates that TJ protein levels were significantly decreased at 6 h and 24 h post-mbTBI in male rats, but not in female rats, compared to sham. Female animals have decreased GFAP at 6 h post-mbTBI while male animals display decreased GFAP expression at 24 h post-mbTBI. By 7 d post-mbTBI, there were no significant differences in TJ or GFAP levels between groups in either sex. At 24 h post-mbTBI, vascular integrity and astrocytic end-feet coverage around the BBB was significantly decreased in males following mbTBI. These results demonstrate that loss of GFAP expression may be due to astrocytic damage at the BBB. Our findings also demonstrate sex differences in acute vascular and behavioral outcomes after single mbTBI. Female animals display a lack of BBB pathology after mbTBI corresponding to improved acute neuropsychological outcomes as compared to male animals.