bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Nigerian youths
Authors: Olawade David B. , Wada Ojima Z. , Odetayo Aderonke , Akeju Oluwabusayomi O. , Asaolu Fiyinfoluwa T. , Owojori Grace O. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND AND AIM:
Vaccination has been appraised to be one of the most significant public health achievements in human history. However, in countries like Nigeria, vaccine hesitancy is a public health challenge that has consistently forestalled concerted efforts made by health authorities to curb the spread of communicable diseases such as COVID-19. To improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance via targeted interventions, it is imperative to examine the public's perception. Thus, this study aims to evaluate vaccine hesitancy among university students in Southwestern Nigeria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to a total of 366 respondents who were recruited using the convenience sampling technique and snowball approach. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS.

RESULTS:
The majority of the respondents were over 18 years (88%) and were between their first and third years (81%). Over a tenth of the respondents reported having at least a loved one that had tested positive for the virus, while only 88% believed the virus is real. Furthermore, only 17% of the students had a positive attitude toward the vaccine. Although 90% of the respondents were aware of the administration of COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria, only around a quarter were willing to take the vaccine, while 5.5% had been vaccinated. The major reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy highlighted by the respondents were concerns about vaccine side effects (21.3%), lack of trust in the authorities (26.5%), vaccine efficacy (13.1%), and diverse mystical possibilities (39.1%).

CONCLUSION:
The results indicate that a significant communication gap exists between the respondents and local health authorities. To enhance the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, extensive and targeted health promotion campaigns are required to allay specific concerns raised by the public.
Learning and quality of life in undergraduate nursing students
Authors: Almonacid-Fierro Alejandro , Valdebenito Karla 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has modified all social and, especially, learning instances. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of final-year nursing students at a university in southern Chile regarding the impact of the pandemic on their learning, and consequently on their quality of life, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a qualitative study. The research was conducted on 14 nursing students who were selected from a university located in the province of Talca, Maule Region, Chile. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews conducted during July and September 2021. The data were analyzed using the inductive logic of theoretical categorization; this process was assisted by the Nvivo 10 program.

RESULTS:
Two mega categories were generated that accounted for the nursing students' experience during the COVID-19 pandemic: objective factors category and subjective factors category. Six subcategories were derived from these two categories: free time, social relationships, learning from practice, physical exercise, eating habits, and emotional state.

CONCLUSION:
The research findings indicate that the students, in addition to feeling upset about not being able to do the internship, also feel that they have not been able to acquire all the knowledge necessary for their training and professional development, since the virtual classes fail to deliver adequate learning as they lack the practical component that is so important in their careers. This has repercussions in the physical, social, and psychological areas, affecting their quality of life.
Assessment of knee and ankle proprioception during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum period among primiparous women
Authors: Wakkar Aditya , Patil Shubhangi P. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Pregnant women experience falls, particularly in the third trimester. In this population, physiological changes, as well as ligament laxity, might influence joint proprioception and do not return to normal during the postpartum period. The prevalence of falls during pregnancy and postpartum periods imposes a need to study proprioception in pregnant women and the postpartum period.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
An observational longitudinal study was conducted in June 2018 in outpatient clinic Chinchwad Pune. A total of 36 primiparous women were included in the study by using purposive sampling. The mean and standard deviation of the age was 25.92 (2.59). Proprioception was assessed for the knee joint and the ankle joint during the third trimester of pregnancy and 6th and 12th week postpartum. Outcomes included were the Joint Reposition Test for both knee and ankle joints using UTHSCSA Image Tool Software 3.0. Repeated-measure ANOVA was performed for the normally distributed data, and nonparametric test Friedman's test was performed for data that were not distributed normally. The data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS software version 26. The level of significance was set at 0.05, confidence intervals of 95% were used.

RESULT:
The result revealed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in both knee and ankle proprioception during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum period 6th and 12th week.

CONCLUSION:
Knee proprioception and ankle proprioception were found to improve significantly during the postpartum period 6th and 12th weeks compared to the third trimester of pregnancy but do not return to the prepregnancy state.
Smartphone addiction and its associated behaviors among medical and dental students in Pakistan
Authors: Kamal Sufiyan , Kamal Shaheera , Mubeen Syed Muhammad , Shah Aresha Masood , Samar Syeda Sana , Zehra Rida , Khalid Haya , Naeem Ramsha 
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Addiction refers to the irresistible urge to engage in certain actions or dependence on a particular substance despite knowing negative consequences. The current study evaluated the severity of Smartphone addiction and the factors associated with cell phone-like activity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2019 among medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used among 400 students. The mobile phone addiction was assessed using a 20-item, Mobile Phone Addiction Scale. A two-stage cluster analysis was used to assess mobile phone addiction-like behaviours. Chi-square test was used to find associations between categorical variables. Kolmogorov–Smirnov to test normality of data were also used. A P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant for all tests.

RESULTS:
Out of the total 400 students, the majority 316 (79%) comprise female students. The mean age was 20.54 ± 1.59 years. In 184 (48%) students, there was evidence of mobile phone addiction-like behavior. The prevalence was higher in female than male students and among older compared to adolescent students; the differences were statistically nonsignificant. A higher median score ≥ of 4 is found in questions related to components reflected intense desire, impaired control, and tolerance and harmful mobile use.

CONCLUSION:
This study highlights that a large number of students are addicted to their smartphones. Smartphone addiction continues to be the most problematic addiction aided by the presence of intense desire, impaired control tolerance, and harmful mobile use. The phenomenon must be fully understood to draw deeper and richer inferences about the origins of this addictive behavior, which is becoming more prevalent in our Pakistani society on a daily basis.
Iranian nongovernmental organizations’ initiatives in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vameghi Meroe , Eftekhari Monir Baradaran , Falahat Katayoun , Forouzan Ameneh Setareh 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus crisis worldwide, including Iran, the need for corona prevention and treatment has become a national priority. With many businesses closed in the wake of COVID-19 and job losses and declining incomes, vulnerable individuals' and families' access to the minimum wage and healthcare facilities is falling, and their health is exposed to a great risk. In Iran, a significant number of vulnerable groups are supported by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This study is designed to understand the performance of NGOs after the onset of the COVID-19 crisis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was carried out based on qualitative research between June and September 2020 in Tehran. This study was conducted using individual interviews with 33 managers and experts of 24 active NGOs providing services to vulnerable groups and a member of an NGO network. Data were analyzed using content analysis.

RESULTS:
Two main themes of service initiatives were extracted: (a) service initiatives to protect the target population against COVID-19 infection and its aftermath and (b) management initiatives to retain staff, finance, and adapt the organization to crisis situations. Service initiatives included five categories of health service initiatives, livelihood, employment, education, and leisure initiatives, while organizational management initiatives include human resource management, financial management, and communication with organizations.

CONCLUSION:
The COVID-19 breadth and its special features have set it apart from other crises and have led NGOs to work hard on several fronts to care for the most vulnerable people against the epidemic and its consequences and maintain the performance of their organizations. The unique role of cyberspace has made it one of the definitive pillars of the activities of NGOs, not only during the epidemic but also after its end.
Impact of structured physical activity program on the level of functional ability of Persons with Mental Illness
Authors: Gorain Rinku Kumari , Ramu Rajalakshmi , Sinha Preeti , Govindan Radhakrishnan 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
A structured physical activity program has many health benefits. Physical activity improves the functional ability of a patient with mental illness as an adjunctive treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a physical activity program on the level of functional ability of patients with mental illness.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A pre-experimental research design and one group pre-post design were adopted. Thirty-one in-patients with mental illness who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study using convenient sampling. Baseline data were collected using sociodemographic and illness profiles developed by the researcher and validated by the experts. Functional ability and illness severity were assessed using the standardized World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) (36-item version) and the Clinical Global Improvement Scale. Pretest, i.e., intervention with structured physical activity, was administered for 40 consecutive days. A posttest was given 30 days after the intervention ended to assess the impact of the structured physical activity program on the level of functional ability among the study participants.

RESULTS:
The impact of structured physical activity on functional ability was measured using the WHODAS 2.0, a 36-item version. The paired Sample t-test and the Wilcoxon Rank test analyzed the data. There was a significant improvement in the overall functional ability of study participants at P = 0. 001.

CONCLUSION:
The study findings support that structured physical activity substantially impacts functional ability among patients with mental illnesses.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among medical students
Authors: Venkatesan Kirthika , Menon Sukrita , Haroon Nisha Nigil 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Vaccine hesitancy leads to an increase in morbidity, mortality, and health-care burden. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy include anti-vax group statements, misinformation about vaccine side effects, speed of vaccine development, and general disbelief in the existence of viruses like COVID-19. Medical students are future physicians and are key influencers in the uptake of vaccines. Hence, investigating vaccine hesitancy in this population can help to overcome any barrier in vaccine acceptance.

METHODS:
In this paper, we review five articles on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in medical students and consider potential future research. All published papers relevant to the topic were obtained through extensive search using major databases. Inclusion criteria included studies that specifically investigated COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in medical students published between 2020 and 2021. Exclusion criteria included studies that investigated vaccine hesitancy in health-care professionals, allied health, and viruses apart from COVID-19. A total of 10 studies were found from our search.

RESULTS:
Based on our exclusion criteria, only five studies were included in our review. The sample size ranged from 168 to 2133 medical students. The percentage of vaccine hesitancy in medical students ranged from 10.6 to 65.1%. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included concern about serious side effects, vaccine efficacy, misinformation and insufficient information, disbelief in public health experts, financial costs, and belief that they had acquired immunity.

CONCLUSION:
These results suggest that vaccine hesitancy is an important cause of the incidence and prevalence of COVID-19 cases. Identifying the barriers of vaccine hesitancy in prospective physicians can help increase vaccination uptake in the general public. Further research is necessary to identify the root cause of these barriers.
World health organization-package of essential noncommunicable disease intervention in iran's health system based on 5As healthy lifestyle counseling model
Authors: Amini Najmolmolook , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Ramezankhani Ali , Ghaffari Mohtasham 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
The Iran Package for Essential Noncommunicable Disease (Ira-PEN) program has been established since 2018 with the aim of controlling and caring of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as well as their underlying causes in Iran. In this study protocol, a healthy lifestyle module will be used for the first time in Iran, which was recommended in 2018 by the World Health Organization to train health workers. This module relies on the 5As model, a training intervention design, then, implement, evaluate, and present the results to the managers and decision makers of the Ira-PEN program.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study will be performed in 2 stages, including 2 steps per stage. The first stage involves designing the 2 steps and validation of the healthy lifestyle counseling skills tool. The tool will encompass a health counseling evaluation checklist and a counseling assessment questionnaire according to the counseling recipients. The second stage also entails 2 steps; designing a training program for health workers in the field of healthy lifestyle counseling based on the Oles-Cement model followed by implementation and evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The training program and the results obtained in this study will be presented to the managers and decision makers of both the Ira-PEN program and NCDs control in Iran, and it is suggested to enhance the training program, network, and educational curriculum of health workers in providing healthy lifestyle counseling to play a more effective role in changing the public behavior toward a healthy lifestyle and preventing the risk factors of NCDs.
The relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and coping styles of problem based and emotive based in nulliparous pregnant women
Authors: Heravan Mahsima Banaei , Rashki Sadaf 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Vaginal childbirth is the most stressful physical and mental event for most women, which necessitates the use of coping styles. Furthermore, childbirth self-efficacy will be one of the effective factors to cope with this stressful situation and doing compatible behaviors with childbirth pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and coping styles of problem based and emotive based in nulliparous pregnant women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study is a descriptive-correlational study that is done over 323 nulliparous pregnant women attending the health centers in the city of Zahedan in 2020–2021. Data were collected by participants' demographic questionnaire, childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire of Lowe, and coping styles questionnaire of Folkman and Lazarus. The data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient test, linear regressions model, and multiple regression in SPSS software version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Results of Spearman's correlation coefficient test showed a significant direct correlation between problem-based coping style and childbirth self-efficacy (P = 0/017, r = 0.13); but, there was no significant direct correlation with emotive-based coping style (P = 0/782, r = 0.01). According to the linear regressions model, just the problem-based coping style is predicted childbirth self-efficacy (P = 0/006).

CONCLUSIONS:
According to the findings, nulliparous pregnant women should be responsible, have a positive reassessment of vaginal childbirth, plan to solve their problems, and look for social support (all of these are part of a problem-based coping style) to increase and improve their childbirth self-efficacy. Furthermore, designing appropriate educational interventions based on problem-based coping style is necessary.
Correlation Between Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology, Cell Block Cytology, and Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Jambhulkar Mohit , Bhatia Jasvinder K. , Singh Samresh K. 
Published: July 2022

Context:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology is considered the gold standard screening test in the evaluation of a thyroid nodule. We studied whether cell block cytology can be used in addition to conventional smears for the evaluation of tissue from fine-needle aspirations or fluid aspirations and also compared it with histopathological diagnosis.

Aims:
The primary aim of this study was to know the utility of cell blocks in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective observational study conducted from June 2018 to September 2020 at a tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the institution. Patients above 18 years who presented with goiter were included in the study. Thirty patients were enrolled in the study after informed consent.

Methods and Material:
Smears prepared from the aspirates were stained with Leishman-Giemsa (LG) and Pap stain. The remnant from the needle hub was transferred to a sterile container. Cell blocks were prepared from the remnants. Smears were scored based on cell obscuration by blood, cellularity, cell degeneration, and cell architecture. The results were compared with histopathology.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were recorded using Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics, frequency, and proportion were used to describe demographic variables.

Results:
The majority of the patients (23.3%) were in their third decade of life, followed by 16.7% of the patients in their fourth and fifth decades. The patient age ranged from 25 to 80 years, with a mean age of 50.83 years and a standard deviation of 16.72. The largest number of patients were females accounting for 80% (24/30) of the total participants. The majority of the patients (36.7%) (11/30) had thyroid gland enlargement for a period of 15 days to three months. 14% of the participants were not able to recall its duration. The majority (60%) (18/30) had left lobe lesions, followed by 33.3% (10/30) who had right lobe lesions, and 6.7% (2/30) who had bilateral lobe swelling. The mean size of the lesion was 2.84 cm. 50% were found to be Bethesda II lesions, while 13.3% were Bethesda IV, and 36.7% were found to be Bethesda VI lesions. The cell block score (7) was found to be better compared to Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) (4.7). Tissue Coagulum Clot and Clot Scrape methods were found to yield better results compared to the Cytocentrifuge method. The P value was found to be significant (<0.001).

Conclusions:
Cell blocks were found to improve the cell morphology compared to FNAC alone and can be used as an adjunct to FNAC in the diagnosis of various thyroid lesions.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of Violence Risk Screening-10 Instrument (V-Risk-10) in admitted patients to the psychiatric ward
Authors: Mostafavian Zahra , Hosseini Golkoo , Masoudi Elham 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Violence Risk Screening Tool-10 (V-Risk-10) is one of the few instruments available for violence risk assessment in patients with a psychiatric diagnosis. The present study aimed to validate the Persian version of this instrument in patients admitted to the psychiatric ward.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty patients referred to a psychiatric hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional methodological study. In the initial phase, seven senior psychiatry residents rated 20 cases independently at the time of their admission and total scale and subscale reliability were examined. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the inter-rater reliability. After initial confirmation of V-RISK-10 reliability, a senior psychiatry resident assessed 80 patients with V-RISK-10 in the emergency room. The incident of violent behaviors was recorded during the patients' admission period. The receiver operator characteristics curve (ROC-curve) analysis was used to measure the predictive accuracy of the instrument. The convergent validity was assessed by comparing V-RISK-10 scores between the three risk categories and the three outcome recommendations according to clinicians' overall clinical judgment.

Results:
A Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.99 for the total scale. During the research period, 47.5% of patients demonstrated various degrees of aggression and violent behavior. The ROC area under the curve was 0.89 (P < 0.001) with 87% sensitivity, 69% specificity, 72% positive predictive value, and 85% negative predictive value at the cutoff point of 8.5.

Conclusion:
Results indicate that the Persian version of V-Risk-10 is a reliable and valid screening tool for violence risk in patients who are admitted into psychiatric wards.
Comparison of proteinase activity, hemolysin production, and adherence ability of Candida albicans isolates obtained from gastroesophageal lesions and urinary tract infections
Authors: Rezvani Forough , Maheronnaghsh Mehrnoush , Mohammadi Rasoul 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Adhesion of Candida to host cell receptors, hemolysin production, and proteinase activity are assumed as principal virulence factors and infection establishment. These virulence factors are essential for colonization, biofilm formation, and attack on the host cells.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 97 Candida albicans isolates obtained from gastroesophageal lesions and urinary tract infections were included in the study. Adhesion assay, proteinase activity, and hemolysin production were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent t-test and Chi-square test to compare quantitative and qualitative data between the two groups.

Results:
The adherence ability to the buccal epithelial cells was the same in the two groups. Proteinase activity was seen in all clinical isolates. Hemolytic activities were not statistically significant in the two groups.

Conclusion:
Our results recommend that the pathogenicity of C. albicans in the mucous membranes cannot be connected to the infected site.