bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE OF PARALLEL SURGE ARRESTERS
Authors: A. Haddad  , H. Griffiths  , M. Osborne  
Published: August 2022

The operation of parallel surge arresters can improve energy absorption capability if the arresters are similar and are installed close to each other. However, it has been reported that any small difference in the individual V-I characteristics can lead to unbalance in current sharing. When the arresters are installed some distance away from each other, travelling wave effects can modify the effectiveness of parallel arresters for surge overvoltage protection and, in this case, detailed simulations are required to ascertain the level of protection. Such a situation occurs in practice with large substations or short underground cable connections. Various studies have shown that a requirement for two-arrester protection is closely dependent upon the type and length of cable used. In the case of overhead lines, the distances are much bigger and the main objective of line arresters is to reduce the flashover rates due to surge overvoltages. This is especially relevant to lines located in regions of high lightning activity, lines with compact/uprated design where the phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth air clearances are reduced. In this paper, we present a study of parallel arresters considering the separation distance and their application to overhead lines. Various scenarios of overhead line configurations were considered and the overvoltage levels were calculated for each case. Assessment of flashover performance is also conducted for a number of conditions. A number of calculation techniques were used and compared.
Evaluation of Multiple Pregnancies Who Delivered During The Last Four Years In Our Tertiary Hospital
Authors: ŞEHİRLİ KINCI Özge , KINCI Mehmet Ferdi , TAŞTAN Leyla , SARUHAN Ercan , SİVASLIOĞLU Ahmet Akın 
Published: August 2022

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of multiple pregnancies between January 2016 and December 2020 in our hospital, which is a tertiary center.
Materials and Methods: 107 multiple pregnancies were included in the study among 6567 pregnant women who were delivered between January 2016 and December 2020 in Muğla University Training and Research Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic. Of these retrospectively evaluated pregnant women, 106 were twins and 1 was triplet.
Results: It was determined that 87 (80.18%) twin pregnancies were diamniotic-dichorionic, 11 (10.37%) were dichorionic-monoamniotic, and 8 (7.54%) were monochorionic-monoamniotic, respectively. 76 (71.69%) of the deliveries were with preterm delivery and 30 (28.3%) of the pregnant women were delivered at term. Twelve (11.1%) twin pregnancies were delivered by vaginal delivery, and 96 (88.9%) by cesarean section (C/S). No statistical difference was observed in terms of blood loss when the C/S and vaginal delivery groups were compared. When compared in terms of hospitalization time, it was found that the hospitalization period was shorter in the vaginal delivery group.
Conclusion: The clinical results of our study are similar to the current literature. In our study, what we evaluated differently from the literature is blood loss and hospitalization time between C/S and vaginal delivery. There was no difference between C/S and vaginal delivery in terms of blood loss, and it was observed that the hospitalization period of patients who had vaginal delivery was shorter.
Reconstructing the Assembly of Massive Galaxies. I. The Importance of the Progenitor Effect in the Observed Properties of Quiescent Galaxies at z ≈ 2
Authors: Ji Zhiyuan , Giavalisco Mauro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the relationship between the morphology and star formation history (SFH) of 361 quiescent galaxies (QGs) at redshift 〈z
obs〉 ≈ 2, with stellar mass

log

M

*

≥
10.3

, selected with the UVJ technique. Taking advantage of panchromatic photometry covering the rest-frame UV-to-NIR spectral range ( ≈40 bands), we reconstruct the nonparametric SFH of the galaxies with the fully Bayesian SED fitting code Prospector. We find that the half-light radius R

e
, observed at z
obs, depends on the formation redshift of the galaxies, z
form, and that this relationship depends on M
*. At

log

M

*

<
11

, the relationship is consistent with

R

e

∝

1
+

z

form

−
1

, in line with the expectation that the galaxies’ central density depends on the cosmic density at the time of their formation, i.e., the “progenitor effect.” At

log

M

*

>
11

, the relationship between R

e
and z
form flattens, suggesting that mergers become increasingly important for the size growth of more massive galaxies after they quenched. We also find that the relationship between z
form and galaxy compactness similarly depends on M
*. While no clear trend is observed for QGs with

log

M

*

>
11

, lower-mass QGs that formed earlier, i.e., with larger z
form, have larger central stellar-mass surface densities, both within the R

e
(Σ
e
) and central 1 kpc (Σ1 kpc), and also larger M
1 kpc/M
*, the fractional mass within the central 1 kpc. These trends between z
form and compactness, however, essentially disappear if the progenitor effect is removed by normalizing the stellar density with the cosmic density at z
form. Our findings highlight the importance of reconstructing the SFH of galaxies before attempting to infer their intrinsic structural evolution.
Misaligned Circumbinary Disks as Efficient Progenitors of Interstellar Asteroids
Authors: Childs Anna C. , Martin Rebecca G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gaseous circumbinary disks (CBDs) that are highly inclined to the binary orbit are commonly observed in nature. These disks harbor particles that can reach large mutual inclinations as a result of nodal precession once the gas disk has dissipated. With n-body simulations that include fragmentation we demonstrate that misaligned disks of particles can be efficient progenitors of interstellar asteroids (ISAs). Collisions that take place between particles with large mutual inclinations have large impact velocities, which can result in mass ejection, with a wide range of fragment sizes and ejection velocities. We explore the binary parameters for which the majority of the terrestrial planet-forming material is ejected rather than accreted into planets. The misalignment required to eject significant material decreases with binary eccentricity. If the distribution of binary eccentricity is uniform and the initial particle CBD orientation relative to the binary orbit is isotropic, about 59% of binaries are more likely to eject the majority of their CBD terrestrial planet disk mass through high-velocity body–body collisions than to retain this material and build terrestrial planets. However, binary–disk interactions during the gas disk phase with nonzero disk viscosity will reduce this fraction. The composition, small size, highly elongated shape, and tumbling motion of ‘Oumuamua are consistent with ISAs generated by misaligned CBDs.
Search for Extended Sources in the Images from Chandra X-Ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer
Authors: Volkov Igor , Kargaltsev Oleg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a convenient tool (ChaSES) which allows to search for extended structures in Chandra X-ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer images. The tool relies on DBSCAN clustering algorithm to detect regions with overdensity of photons compared to the background. Here we describe the design and functionality of the tool which we make publicly available on GitHub. We also provide online extensive examples of its applications to the real data.
Disease Flare of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Patients With Endstage Renal Disease on Dialysis
Authors: Kim Young-Eun , Choi Su Jin , Lim Doo-Ho , Kim Hyosang , Ahn Soo Min , Oh Ji Seon , Kim Yong-Gil , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Hong Seokchan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveAlthough systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity diminishes after starting dialysis, flares have been documented during dialysis. Hence, we studied the various clinical and therapeutic variables of patients with SLE who had a disease flare while on dialysis.MethodsThe medical records of patients with SLE who received dialysis at 2 tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea were reviewed. The disease activity was analyzed in terms of the nonrenal SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and the factors associated with SLE flares were evaluated.ResultsOf the total of 121 patients with SLE on dialysis, 96 (79.3%) were on hemodialysis (HD) and 25 (20.7%) were on peritoneal dialysis (PD). During a median follow-up of 45 months (IQR 23-120) after the initiation of dialysis, 32 (26.4%) patients experienced an SLE flare (HD, n = 25; PD, n = 7). The most common features of SLE flare were hematologic (40.6%; thrombocytopenia [31.2%] and leukopenia [21.8%]) and constitutional manifestations (40.6%). Fever was the most common (34.3%) feature among the constitutional symptoms. Treatments for disease flares were based on corticosteroids, and 11 (34.3%) patients required additional immunosuppressants, including cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil. Nonrenal SLEDAI score before dialysis initiation (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.36;P= 0.001) was a significant risk factor for disease flare during dialysis.ConclusionMore than a quarter of the patients with SLE experienced a disease flare during dialysis, which most commonly had hematologic manifestations, particularly thrombocytopenia. Continued follow-up and appropriate treatments, including immunosuppressants, should be considered for patients with SLE receiving dialysis.
Microbial profile of lacrimal system Dacryoliths in American Midwest patient population
Authors: Kally Peter M. , Omari Amro , Schlachter Dianne M. , Folberg Robert , Nesi-Eloff Francesca 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE:
Dacryoliths of the canalicular pathway are classically attributed to Actinomyces species as the most common organism. However, global shifts toward Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species have been reported. The objective of this article is to update the American Midwest epidemiology of lacrimal system dacryoliths for targeted clinical treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective chart review from January 2015 to 2021 of patients with a history of surgical procedure for lacrimal removal of dacryolith for canaliculitis, canalicular obstruction, dacryocystitis, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction was included. Specimens were sent for histopathological evaluation and microbial culture.

RESULTS:
A total of 48 specimens were included. The most common organism isolated for canalicular pathology was Actinomyces spp (23%), followed by Staphylococcus spp (21%) and Streptococcus spp (19%). Histopathological staining accounted for 45% of Actinomyces isolation when culture data inconclusive. In a subgroup analysis of lacrimal sac dacryoliths, the most common organism was Staphylococcus spp (29%). Actinomyces species were not isolated from the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct.

CONCLUSION:
Actinomyces maintains a microbial predominance in canalicular dacryoliths and requires careful culture and histopathological analysis for its fastidious nature. Lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct dacryolith found no isolates of Actinomyces, and the most common organism was Staphylococcus.
Evaluation of electrophysiological changes in migraine with visual aura
Authors: Hamurcu Mualla Sahin , Bilen Neslihan Bayraktar 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrical responses in the retina and cortex of migraine patients with electrophysiological tests and compare with healthy controls.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective study included 18 migraine patients with visual aura and 28 healthy controls. Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEP) and flash electroretinography (fERG) of migraine patients during the headache-free period were compared with healthy controls.

RESULTS:
There were statistically significant differences in VEP results: P100 and N75 amplitudes increased significantly (P = 0.025 and P = 0.007 respectively) and P100 latency decreased significantly in migraine patients (P = 0.022). Furthermore, fERG scotopic combined cone and rod amplitude increased significantly in migraine patients (P = 0.01).

CONCLUSION:
Migraine brain displays abnormal visual evoked responses in between migraine attacks. In migraine eye, scotopic cone and rod response increased. The results of this study support the hyperexcitability of the retina and cortex in patients with migraine.
Role of diaphragm ultrasound in weaning mechanically ventilated patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Saravanan Ravi , Nivedita Krishnamurthy , Karthik Krishnamoorthy , Venkatraman Rajagopalan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Weaning from mechanical ventilation based on clinical parameters and rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is associated with a higher weaning failure. Bedside ultrasound of the diaphragm is gaining popularity to assess the diaphragm function.The aim of our study was to determine the use of diaphragm ultrasound in weaning ventilated patients.

Methods:
This prospective study was done on 200 adult patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 h. After meeting the clinical weaning criteria, a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) was performed. RSBI was recorded and a bedside ultrasound of the diaphragm was performed to measure diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) before extubation. We assessed the predictability of weaning success of RSBI, DE and DTF by determining the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and Youden’s index. The requirement of non-invasive ventilation or re-intubation within 48 h was considered a weaning failure.

Results:
Out of the 200 patients studied, 171 were successfully weaned. The AUROC values for RSBI, DTF, DE, RSBI-DTF and RSBI-DE for successful weaning prediction were 0.422, 0.654, 0.809, 0.656 and 0.807, respectively. The predictability using cut-off values were DE >1.21 cm (sensitivity 94%, specificity 71%, Youden’s index 0.65), DTF >37% (sensitivity 80%, specificity 52%, Youden’s index 0.31) and RSBI <82 (sensitivity 94%, specificity 31%, Youden’s index 0.25).

Conclusion:
Diaphragm ultrasound helps in predicting successful weaning in mechanically ventilated patients. Both DE and DTF showed a higher specificity than RSBI and a combination of RSBI-DE and RSBI-DTF was better than using RSBI alone.
Novel use of erector spinae plane block in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Baheti Sandip , Kaushik Cherukuri , Biswas Sumedha 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Thoracic epidural and paravertebral blocks are gold standard analgesic techniques but they are associated with complications. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is safer with comparable pain relief. ESP block is an established technique for postoperative pain relief. Its intraoperative use as an adjuvant to general anaesthesia (GA) is not yet known. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ESP as an adjuvant to GA during laparoscopic surgery.

Methods:
This was a randomised controlled trial. Using a computer generated random number table, 50 patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group G (n = 25) received GA and group GE (n = 25) received bilateral ESP (ultrasonography guided) block using 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine at the level of the transverse process of T6 before the induction of GA.

Results:
Group GE showed reduced requirement of fentanyl (P < 0.0001) and inhalational agents (P < 0.0001) with significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001) and mean heart rate as compared to group G.

Conclusion:
ESP block is an easy, safe, excellent adjuvant to GA which reduces the requirement of analgesics and inhalational agents.
Comparison of ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation versus supraclavicular approach to brachiocephalic vein cannulation– A prospective, single-blind, randomised study
Authors: Gowda Keerthi Y. , Desai Sameer N. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
The internal jugular vein (IJV) is the most common site for central venous cannulation. Ultrasonography (USG)-guided brachiocephalic vein (BCV) cannulation has been described recently. The objective of this study was to compare the first attempt success rate, overall success rate and procedural ease between two techniques.

Methods:
This was a prospective, single-blinded, randomised clinical study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups using computer generated random table. Group IJV included 55 patients of USG-guided out-of-plane approach to the right IJV cannulation and group BCV included 55 patients for USG-guided supraclavicular in-plane approach to right BCV cannulation. The success rate, number of redirections needed, vein and needle tip visualisation, cannulation time and complication rate were compared between the groups.

Results:
Demographic parameters were similar between the groups. Success rate of cannulation was 98.5% in IJV group and 100% in group BCV (P = 0.31). The first attempt success rate was 76.3% and 81.81% in IJV and BCV group, respectively (P = 0.42). IJV was collapsed in 14.5% cases and BCV was collapsed in 0.9% cases. The needle visualisation was better in BCV group (94.54%) compared to IJV (80%) (P = 0.02) group, which was statistically significant. The numbers of redirections of needle were more in IJV group. Thus the procedural ease was better with BCV than IJV.

Conclusion:
Supraclavicular USG-guided in-plane BCV cannulation is a good alternative to USG-guided out-of-plane IJV cannulation, because of good calibre of the vein and better needle visualisation in the BCV group.
A Single-Center 5-Year Experience of Iatrogenic Vascular Injuries and Their Outcomes
Authors: Dabas Ajay Kumar , Katiyar Anand , Srivastava Sachin , Chadha Amitoj Singh , Janardhanapillai Ratheesh Kumar , Bhat Keshavamurthy Ganapathy , Chadha Davinder Singh 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Diagnostic and therapeutic interventions can lead to iatrogenic vascular injuries (IVIs). The spectrum of IVIs, their management, and outcomes is presented.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study from January 2016 to December 2020, included all successive IVIs managed by the vascular surgery department. IVI was defined as vascular injury manifesting as hemorrhage/vessel occlusion/and/or retained foreign body in vasculature. Those due to trauma and/or <30 days follow-up were excluded. Reasons for IVI, presentation, vessels involved, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
Thirty-eight IVIs were analyzed. Age ranged from 3 days to 77 years. Sixteen were due to cardiology, seven due to orthopedics, four cases in end-stage kidney patients, 4 cases due to invasive arterial monitoring, and two following cardiac surgery. One case each was following laparoscopy, spine surgery, thrombectomy, endovascular aneurysm repair, and umbilical catheterization. Manifestations were limb ischemia (lower limb-13, upper limb-6), pseudoaneurysms-10, retained foreign body-4 (superior vena cava and/or right atrium-3; external iliac artery-1), hemorrhage-2, arterio-venous fistula-2, and compartment syndrome-1. Common femoral artery (with/without superficial femoral artery) was affected in 13, forearm arteries in 8, popliteal artery and crural arteries in three each, and one case, each of profunda femoris, carotid artery, external iliac artery branch, and thoracic aorta. IVIs were managed by thrombectomy in 13, arterial repair in 11, endovascular procedures in 5, bypass in 4, conservative in 3, and by laparotomy and open retrieval of a balloon in one case each. Four developed surgical site infections, three died, three suffered amputations, three had motor deficits, and two developed acute kidney injury.

Conclusion:
IVIs have heterogeneous presentation. Both open and endovascular skill sets are required for management. IVIs carry high morbidity and mortality.
Review of two cutaneous closure methods for Tessier 7 repair
Authors: Mehra Anhad , Sarma Hiteswar 
Published: August 2022

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the surgical outcomes of patients who were treated for Tessier 7 cleft deformity, over a period of 10 years and compare the two cutaneous closure methods used for the treatment of the same in our cleft center.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective audit of all the patients who had undergone Tessier 7 cleft repair from 2010 to 2020 in our center. Relevant details from recorded case histories were extracted and the surgical technique (Straight-line closure or Z-plasty technique) used for the closure of each case was analyzed. The benefits and drawbacks of linear closure and geometric closure methods were also studied. The preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up records and photographs were assessed for the results.

Results:
Of the 40 patients, 23 patients had skin closure done using Z-plasty technique while 17 patients had the closure done using the straight-line method. The average age at repair was 10.6 months and the follow-up period was unto 1.5 years. Visual Analog Scale and Scar assessment scales revealed Z-plasty skin closure scars were more conspicuous than straight-line closure ones. Lateral migration of the commissure was not an evident finding.

Conclusion:
Z-plasty or W-plasty can be avoided in repair of transverse facial clefts. Closure of the orbicularis oris muscle is the critical step to provide a counterforce to the contraction of the cutaneous scar and no lateral migration or hypertrophic scarring is present after straight-line cutaneous closure.
Patterns of orofacial clefts and associated risk factors in Pakistan
Authors: Sadiq Hamza , Ijaz Rafia , Ayub Ayisha 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are one of the most common congenital anomalies worldwide. The purpose of the present study is to identify the incidence of different types of OFCs and the presence of known risk factors among cleft cases in the Pakistani population.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted at a comprehensive cleft care center, and data were collected from patient files from December 2018 to July 2021. Only cases of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) that presented to center were included. SPSS was used for data analysis, and risk factors associated with OFCs were identified.

Results:
The study included 1269 patients with CL/P. Of the total, 677 (53.3%) patients had cleft lip with cleft palate, 211 (16.6%) had cleft lip only, and 365 (28.7%) had cleft palate only. Bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (n = 276) was most common among the participants followed by midline incomplete cleft palate (n = 215). One hundred and six (8.3%) of the cases were syndromic, and among the remaining nonsyndromic cases, 240 (18.9%) had other associated anomalies. Chi-square tests revealed the following risk factors for CL/P: consanguinity among the parents (P < 0.001), a complication during pregnancy (P < 0.001), medication use during pregnancy (P < 0.001), maternal smoking or exposure to smoking (P = 0.002), history of miscarriage (P = 0.02), and positive family history (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis for these factors showed maternal smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 1.99), consanguineous marriage (OR: 1.89), complication during pregnancy (OR: 1.98), and positive history of cleft (OR: 1.9) to be increasing the odds of cleft development.

Conclusion:
While previous studies have shown many environmental factors to be associated with development of OFCs in the child, the present study provides a quantitative estimate of the risk posed by each individual factor in the Pakistani population.