bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The warfare for plant highway: vascular plant–microbe interaction pinpoints lignin
Authors: Ai Gan , Yang Dong-Lei , Dou Daolong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant vascular pathogens are one kind of destructive pathogens in agricultural production. However, mechanisms behind the vascular pathogen-recognition and the subsequent defense responses of plants are not well known. A recent pioneering study on plant vascular immunity discovered a conserved MKP1-MPK-MYB signaling cascade that activates lignin biosynthesis in vascular tissues to confer vascular resistance in both monocot rice and the dicot Arabidopsis. The breakthrough provides a novel view on plant immunity to vascular pathogens and offers a potential strategy for the future breeding of disease-resistant crops.
Neural network-based velocity-controllable UAV flocking
Authors: He T. , Wang L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flocking among obstacles was transferred to a velocity-controllable UAV flocking problem, which means that multi-UAV gradually form and maintain the$\alpha$-lattice geometry as they track the desired flocking velocity, and can be applied to tasks such as obstacle avoidance and velocity tracking. Velocity-controllable UAV flocking problem is a multi-objective flocking controller parameters optimisation problem, for which we design flocking velocity and geometry objective function, and solve them using a multi-objective particle swarm optimisation algorithm (MOPSO). On this basis, to address the problem that MOPSO has random results and long computation time, we propose to use a neural network (NN) to approximate the mathematical relationship between the UAV flocking state and the flocking controller parameters. We simulate the flight process of 5 and 49 UAVs performing obstacle avoidance and velocity tracking tasks, respectively. The results show that the proposed UAV flocking controller has better convergence performance, obtains reproducible results, reduces computation time, and can be used for large-scale UAV flocking control.
Holocene climate background for lake evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert of northwestern China revealed by proxies from calcareous root tubes
Authors: Li Zhuolun , Li Xiang , Dong Shipei , Gao Youhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been unclear whether Holocene lake evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert of northwestern China, an area in which lakes are mainly recharged by groundwater, responded to climate change. In this study, we analyzed the Mg/Ca ratio and phytolith assemblages from 10 Holocene calcareous root tube samples from the desert to reconstruct changes in effective moisture and mean annual precipitation (MAP) at the millennial scale during the Holocene and to explore the factors affecting lake evolution. Our results revealed that the effective moisture at 7000–5000 cal yr BP was higher than that of 5000–2000 cal yr BP. Similarly, the MAP was higher at 7000–5000 cal yr BP (175 ± 37 to 205 ± 37 mm) than at 5000–2000 cal yr BP (145 ± 37 to 165 ± 39 mm). The expansion of the lakes during the Early Holocene would have resulted from the input of groundwater from the meltwater in the recharge area. High lake levels in the Middle Holocene corresponded to increased monsoonal precipitation and groundwater recharge. The gradual decline of lake levels in the Late Holocene indicated a relatively arid climate with decreased monsoonal precipitation and groundwater recharge.
From development to taxonomy: the case of Sciaenacotyle pancerii (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) in the Mediterranean meagre
Authors: Villar-Torres Mar , Montero Francisco Esteban , Merella Paolo , Garippa Giovanni , Cherchi Santino , Raga Juan Antonio , Repullés-Albelda Aigües 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe microcotylid Sciaenacotyle pancerii is a pathogenic monogenean infecting Argyrosomus regius, a candidate for species diversification in the Mediterranean aquaculture. Life-history stages of S. pancerii commonly co-occur in field infections, but to date, morphological data have only been provided for oncomiracidia and adults although identifying life-history stages can be useful in infection management. A total of 114 specimens of S. pancerii were analysed to characterize the developmental events and to assess morphological and morphometric variations before and after maturity. The post-larval development of S. pancerii is characterized by: expansion and bifurcation of the gut, loss of the larval haptor, protandrous development of the genitalia and vitellaria formation. The size variability of larval hooks, hamuli and germanium of S. pancerii is firstly reported and dimensional ranges of parasite body, haptor, testes, posteriormost clamps and eggs are widened. The size of most of the diagnostic features of S. pancerii significantly increases after parasite maturity and therefore, only those specimens with more than 116 clamps should be considered for minimising development-related variability in size. The high number of clamps, their fast development and the asymmetry in their size and arrangement suggest that S. pancerii may use a mixed attachment strategy between the closely related microcotylids and heteraxinids. This combination of features may be host related and linked to the gill structure of the sciaenid fish and the phylogenetic position of the genus Sciaenacotyle; distant from other microcotylids while close to heteraxinid species.
Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women in Southwest China: a retrospective study
Authors: Che Guanglu , Liu Fang , Yang Qiuxia , Lai Shuyu , Teng Jie , Tan Yuan , Duan Jiaxin , Chang Li 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are the most common sexually transmitted pathogens, which can cause cervicitis, pelvic inflammation and infertility in female. In the present study, we collected the basic information, clinical results of leucorrhoea and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of patients, who were involved in both MG and CT RNA detection in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2019 to April 2021, ranging from 18 to 50 years old. The results showed that the infection frequencies of MG and CT were 2.6% and 6.5%, respectively. The infection rate of CT in gynaecological patients was significantly higher than that of MG (P < 0.001). Moreover, patients with CT infection often had symptoms of gynaecological diseases, while patients with MG infection remain often asymptomatic. By exploring the connection between MG or CT infection and vaginal secretions, we found that the infection of MG or CT promoted to the increase of vaginal leukocytes, and CT infection exacerbated the decrease of the number of Lactobacillus in the vagina. Further analysis suggested that independent infection and co-infection of MG or CT resulted in abnormal vaginal secretion, affecting the stability of vaginal environment, which may induce vaginal diseases. Unexpectedly, our study found no association between MG or CT infection and high-risk HPV infection. In conclusion, our study explored the infection of MG and CT among women in Southwest China for the first time, and revealed that the infection of MG or CT would affect the homeostasis of vaginal environment, which laid a foundation for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MG and CT infection.
Living in a fringe environment: three Late Roman settlements in the Kharga Oasis (Egypt's Western Desert)
Authors: Rossi Corinna , De Troia Nicoletta , Pasqui Andrea , Migliozzi Antonello 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article presents a comparative analysis of three Late Roman sites located at the northern outskirts of the Kharga Oasis in Egypt's Western Desert: Umm al-Dabadib, Ayn al-Labakha, and the Gib/Sumayra Complex. These were part of the district of the Oasis Magna, which included the oases of Dakhla and Kharga. An analysis of their layout, including both shape and extent, is followed by an evaluation of their absolute and relative positions. These data are then compared to the administrative and historical contexts within which the three sites flourished. Both administrative and economic aspects are considered, as well as the presence of the army. The complex picture that emerges suggests that these three sites played several roles at the same time and were part of a large-scale strategic design that encompassed not only the Kharga Oasis but the entire Western Desert.
Media Neuroscience on a Shoestring
Authors: Jahn Nolan T. , Meshi Dar , Bente Gary , Schmälzle Ralf 
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Event-related potentials (ERPs) capture neural responses to media stimuli with a split-second resolution, opening the door to examining how attention modulates the reception process. However, the relatively high cost and difficulty of incorporating ERP methods have prevented broader adoption. This study tested the potential of a new mobile, relatively easy-to-mount, and highly affordable device for electroencephalography (EEG) measurement – the Muse EEG system – combined with a free, open-source platform for ERP recording and analysis. Specifically, we compared ERPs with affective visual stimuli – representative of the kind of engaging content that pervades modern social media. Our results confirm that the Muse system provides robust visual ERPs, highly reliable across two samples. Although there was no difference between ERPs to moderately positive and neutral stimuli in the expected time windows (200–300 ms, 400–600 ms), an exploratory analysis provided some evidence for differential processing of positive versus neutral images at the right temporal sensor site (TP10). Additionally, a compliance-gaining manipulation in participant instructions significantly improved data quality. These results support the use of the Muse EEG system in large-scale studies examining brain responses to screen media. They also suggest an easy social influence tactic that can enhance data quality as communication neuroscience is scaled up. The availability of a mobile EEG system for 250 USD makes it possible to incorporate neuroimaging into various communication paradigms beyond visual communication.
Implications of Local‐Scale Approximations on Describing Fluid Flow in Rock Fractures With Stress‐Induced Void Heterogeneity
Authors: Cui Pengfei , Xie Heping , Wang Zhihe , Hao Haichun , Li Cunbao , Gao Mingzhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudies on discrete fracture network models have recently shown progress by incorporating aperture heterogeneity to individual fracture elements for more accurate description of flow‐related processes in subsurface fractured rocks. Compared to a more realistic account of fracture‐scale void heterogeneity, the standard Reynolds equation (RE) is mostly adopted as the flow governing equation despite its inaccuracy described in many previous studies. To find effective models for flow in rock fractures under realistic subsurface stresses with proper knowledge of the associated uncertainties, we test four conceptual flow models with incorporation of five local‐scale approximations in rock fractures with varying stress‐induced void heterogeneity. From the analysis, we show that the parallel‐planar plate local‐scale approximation in the standard RE can lead to both overestimation and underestimation of the local flow due to the defect of the aperture‐averaging approach. In general, higher local deviations are observed for slow‐flow regions in the fracture void for all tested local‐scale approximations, whereas the faster‐flow regions are responsible for the overall deviation of the predicted fracture transmissivity. Among the tested local‐scale approximations, two of them are found to evidently improve the standard RE in terms of describing the local velocity field and estimating the overall fracture transmissivity, with absolute mean deviations of ∼11% and ∼7%, respectively. The results from this work further confirm improved flow estimation for subsurface stressed rock fractures by incorporating more accurate local‐scale approximations.
Type II collagen-positive progenitors are important stem cells in controlling skeletal development and vascular formation
Authors: Li Xinhua , Yang Shuting , Yuan Gongsheng , Jing Dian , Qin Ling , Zhao Hu , Yang Shuying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractType II collagen-positive (Col2+) cells have been reported as skeletal stem cells (SSCs), but the contribution of Col2+ progenitors to skeletal development both prenatally and postnatally during aging remains unclear. To address this question, we generated new mouse models with ablation of Col2+ cells at either the embryonic or postnatal stages. The embryonic ablation of Col2+ progenitors resulted in the death of newborn mice due to a decrease in skeletal blood vessels, loss of all vertebral bones and absence of most other bones except part of the craniofacial bone, the clavicle bone and a small piece of the long bone and ribs, which suggested that intramembranous ossification is involved in long bone development but does not participate in spine development. The postnatal ablation of Col2+ cells resulted in mouse growth retardation and a collagenopathy phenotype. Lineage tracing experiments with embryonic or postnatal mice revealed that Col2+ progenitors occurred predominantly in the growth plate (GP) and articular cartilage, but a limited number of Col2+ cells were detected in the bone marrow. Moreover, the number and differentiation ability of Col2+ progenitors in the long bone and knee joints decreased with increasing age. The fate-mapping study further revealed Col2+ lineage cells contributed to, in addition to osteoblasts and chondrocytes, CD31+ blood vessels in both the calvarial bone and long bone. Specifically, almost all blood vessels in calvarial bone and 25.4% of blood vessels in long bone were Col2+ lineage cells. However, during fracture healing, 95.5% of CD31+ blood vessels in long bone were Col2+ lineage cells. In vitro studies further confirmed that Col2+ progenitors from calvarial bone and GP could form CD31+ vascular lumens. Thus, this study provides the first demonstration that intramembranous ossification is involved in long bone and rib development but not spine development. Col2+ progenitors contribute to CD31+ skeletal blood vessel formation, but the percentage differs between long bone and skull bone. The number and differentiation ability of Col2+ progenitors decreases with increasing age.
High-throughput computation and structure prototype analysis for two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Shen Zhen-Xiong , Su Chuanxun , He Lixin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe perform high-throughput first-principles computations to search the high Curie temperature (TC) two-dimensional ferromagnetic (2DFM) materials. We identify 79 2DFM materials and calculate their TC, in which Co2F2 has the highest TC = 541 K, well above the room temperature. The 79 2DFM materials are classified into different structural prototypes according to their structural similarity. We perform sure independence screening and sparsifying operator (SISSO) analysis to explore the relation between TC and the material structures. The results suggest that the 2DFM materials with shorter distance between the magnetic atoms, larger local magnetic moments and more neighboring magnetic atoms are more likely to have higher TC.
Resonant tunneling in disordered borophene nanoribbons with line defects
Authors: Hu Pei-Jia , Wang Si-Xian , Chen Xiao-Feng , Liang Zeng-Ren , Fang Tie-Feng , Guo Ai-Min , Xu Hui , Sun Qing-Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, borophene has attracted extensive interest as the wonder material, showing that line defects (LDs) occur widely at the interface between $$\nu _{1/5}$$

ν

1
/
5

and $$\nu _{1/6}$$

ν

1
/
6

boron sheets. Here, we study theoretically the electron transport through two-terminal disordered borophene nanoribbons (BNRs) with random distribution of LDs. Our results indicate that LDs strongly affect the electron transport properties of BNRs. Both $$\nu _{1/5}$$

ν

1
/
5

and $$\nu _{1/6}$$

ν

1
/
6

BNRs exhibit metallic behavior without any LD, in agreement with experiments. While in the presence of LDs, the overall electron transport ability is dramatically decreased, but some resonant peaks of conductance quantum are found in the transmission spectrum of any disordered BNR with arbitrary arrangement of LDs. These disordered BNRs exhibit metal-insulator transition with tunable transmission gap in the insulating regime. Furthermore, two evolution phenomena of resonant peaks are revealed for disordered BNRs with different widths. These results may help for understanding structure-property relationships and designing LD-based nanodevices.
Humoral response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in breastfeeding mothers and mother-to-infant antibody transfer through breast milk
Authors: Pietrasanta Carlo , Darwich Abbass , Ronchi Andrea , Crippa Beatrice , Spada Elena , Mosca Fabio , Pugni Lorenza , Rescigno Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe magnitude of mother-to-infant transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through breast milk (BM) after maternal vaccination during breastfeeding, in the absence of transplacental transfer of IgG, remains unclear. Here, we quantified anti-S and anti-RBD IgG, IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 in maternal serum, maternal saliva, BM, infant buccal swabs, and infant feces up to 90 days after the second maternal vaccine dose. BNT162b2 vaccine induced long-lasting IgG in maternal serum, but weaker mucosal antibody production, with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA amounts in BM between 10- and 150-fold lower compared to serum. BM IgA were exclusively of the IgA1 isotype, with no production of the mucosal-specific and protease-resistant IgA2. Accordingly, only traces of antibodies were retrieved from the feces of breastfed infants, and no IgG nor IgA were retrieved from infants’ buccal swabs. Newly engineered anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may be needed to stimulate the antibody production at mucosal sites such as breast milk.
Flexible, self-powered sensors for estimating human head kinematics relevant to concussions
Authors: Dsouza Henry , Pastrana Juan , Figueroa José , Gonzalez-Afanador Ian , Davila-Montero Bianca M. , Sepúlveda Nelson 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the development of a flexible, self-powered sensor patch that can be used to estimate angular acceleration and angular velocity, which are two essential markers for predicting concussions. The device monitors the dynamic strain experienced by the neck through a thin, polypropylene-based ferroelectret nanogenerator that produces a voltage pulse with profile proportional to strain. The intrinsic property of this device to convert mechanical input to electrical output, along with its flexibility and $$\sim$$
∼
100 $$\mu$$
μ
m thickness makes it a viable and practical device to be used as a wearable patch for athletes in high-contact sports. After processing the dynamic behavior of the produced voltage, a correspondence between the electric signal profile and the measurements from accelerometers integrated inside a human head and neck substitute was found. This demonstrates the ability of obtaining an electronic signature that can be used to extract head kinematics during collision, and creates a marker that could be used to detect concussions. Unlike accelerometer-based current trends on concussion-detection systems, which rely on sensors integrated in the athlete’s helmet, the flexible patch attached to the neck would provide information on the dynamics of the head movement, thus eliminating the potential of false readings from helmet sliding or peak angular acceleration.
Predicting neural deficits in sensorineural hearing loss from word recognition scores
Authors: Grant Kelsie J. , Parthasarathy Aravindakshan , Vasilkov Viacheslav , Caswell-Midwinter Benjamin , Freitas Maria E. , de Gruttola Victor , Polley Daniel B. , Liberman M. Charles , Maison Stéphane F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current gold standard of clinical hearing assessment includes a pure-tone audiogram combined with a word recognition task. This retrospective study tests the hypothesis that deficits in word recognition that cannot be explained by loss in audibility or cognition may reflect underlying cochlear nerve degeneration (CND). We collected the audiological data of nearly 96,000 ears from patients with normal hearing, conductive hearing loss (CHL) and a variety of sensorineural etiologies including (1) age-related hearing loss (ARHL); (2) neuropathy related to vestibular schwannoma or neurofibromatosis of type 2; (3) Ménière’s disease; (4) sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), (5) exposure to ototoxic drugs (carboplatin and/or cisplatin, vancomycin or gentamicin) or (6) noise damage including those with a 4-kHz “noise notch” or reporting occupational or recreational noise exposure. Word recognition was scored using CID W-22 monosyllabic word lists. The Articulation Index was used to predict the speech intelligibility curve using a transfer function for CID W-22. The level at which maximal intelligibility was predicted was used as presentation level (70 dB HL minimum). Word scores decreased dramatically with age and thresholds in all groups with SNHL etiologies, but relatively little in the conductive hearing loss group. Discrepancies between measured and predicted word scores were largest in patients with neuropathy, Ménière’s disease and SSNHL, intermediate in the noise-damage and ototoxic drug groups, and smallest in the ARHL group. In the CHL group, the measured and predicted word scores were very similar. Since word-score predictions assume that audiometric losses can be compensated by increasing stimulus level, their accuracy in predicting word score for CHL patients is unsurprising. The lack of a strong age effect on word scores in CHL shows that cognitive decline is not a major factor in this test. Amongst the possible contributions to word score discrepancies, CND is a prime candidate: it should worsen intelligibility without affecting thresholds and has been documented in human temporal bones with SNHL. Comparing the audiological trends observed here with the existing histopathological literature supports the notion that word score discrepancies may be a useful CND metric.
Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Lopez-Leon Sandra , Wegman-Ostrosky Talia , Ayuzo del Valle Norma Cipatli , Perelman Carol , Sepulveda Rosalinda , Rebolledo Paulina A. , Cuapio Angelica , Villapol Sonia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to estimate the prevalence of long-COVID in children and adolescents and to present the full spectrum of symptoms present after acute COVID-19. We have used PubMed and Embase to identify observational studies published before February 10th, 2022 that included a minimum of 30 patients with ages ranging from 0 to 18 years that met the National Institute for Healthcare Excellence (NICE) definition of long-COVID, which consists of both ongoing (4 to 12 weeks) and post-COVID-19 (≥ 12 weeks) symptoms. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewers and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed (registration PROSPERO CRD42021275408). The literature search yielded 8373 publications, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, and a total of 80,071 children and adolescents were included. The prevalence of long-COVID was 25.24%, and the most prevalent clinical manifestations were mood symptoms (16.50%), fatigue (9.66%), and sleep disorders (8.42%). Children infected by SARS-CoV-2 had a higher risk of persistent dyspnea, anosmia/ageusia, and/or fever compared to controls. Limitations of the studies analyzed include lack of standardized definitions, recall, selection, misclassification, nonresponse and/or loss of follow-up, and a high level of heterogeneity.