bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygenation and body position in the preterm infant: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Maes Eva , Cools Filip , Dereymaeker Anneleen , Jansen Katrien , Naulaers Gunnar , Thewissen Liesbeth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimAfter preterm birth, supine head midline position is supported for stable cerebral blood flow (CBF) and prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), while prone position supports respiratory function and enables skin‐to‐skin care. The prone compared to supine position could lead to a change in near‐infrared derived cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rScO2), which is a surrogate for cerebral blood flow (CBF). By monitoring rScO2 neonatologists aim to stabilise CBF during intensive care and prevent brain injury. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we investigate the effect of the body position on rScO2.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed to identify all trials that included preterm infants in the first 2 weeks after birth and compared rScO2 in the prone versus supine head in midline position of the infant. A meta‐analysis, including two subgroup analyses based on postnatal age (PNA) and gestational age (GA), was performed.ResultsSix observational cohort studies were included. In the second, but not the first week after birth, a significant higher rScO2 in the prone position was found with a mean difference of 1.97% (95% CI 0.87–3.07). No rScO2 difference was observed between positions in the extremely preterm nor the preterm group.ConclusionNo consistent evidence was found that body position influences rScO2 in the first 2 weeks after preterm birth. Subgroup analysis suggests that in the second week after birth, the prone position might result in higher cerebral rScO2 than the supine position with head in midline. Multiple factors determine the best body position in preterms.
From ‘Muddy glee’ to muddy reflections on fieldwork and writing
Authors: Thornton Sara A. , Cook Sarah , Cole Lydia , Hapsari K. Anggi , Zawawi Norliyana Zin , Page Susan E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract‘Muddy glee’ by Bracken and Mawdsley made an important contribution to highlighting gender discrimination in fieldwork and the heterogeneity of fieldwork experiences. In the past couple of years, the ability of many researchers to engage in fieldwork has also changed dramatically due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Here, we reflect on Bracken and Mawdsley's paper and our own experiences and perspectives of fieldwork in recent years. We discuss a previous paper we co‐authored (entitled ‘Pushing the limits’: experiences of women in tropical peatland research), and the benefits that these papers (e.g., ‘Muddy glee’ and ‘Pushing the limits’) may provide. We highlight the value of sharing personal experiences in science (which is often seen as an ‘objective’ space), and how writing for ourselves can be an empowering and community‐building act.
Adverse drug reaction related to drug shortage: A retrospective study on the French National Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: Bourneau‐Martin Delphine , Babin Marina , Grandvuillemin Aurélie , Mullet Charlotte , Salvo Francesco , Singier Allison , Cellier Morgane , Fresse Audrey , de Canecaude Claire , Pietri Tessa , Drablier Guillaume , Geniaux Hélène , Lagarce Laurence , Laroche Marie‐Laure , Briet Marie ,   French Network of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centres
Published: September 2022

AimDrug shortages are a growing global health issue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consequences of drug shortages on patient safety based on data recorded in the French National Pharmacovigilance Database.MethodsAll cases involving drug shortages reported from 1985 to the end of 2019 were extracted from the database.ResultsFollowing the selection process, 462 cases were included. The number of cases increased significantly from 2004 to 2019. Cases mainly involved drugs from the nervous system (22.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.5–27.0%), the cardiovascular system (16.4%, 95% CI 11.9–21.4%) and anti‐infectives for systemic use (14.3%, 95% CI 9.7–19.2%) ATC classes. Most of the cases reported an adverse drug reaction (ADR) belonging to the SOC nervous system (21%, 95% CI 18–24%), skin and subcutaneous (14%, 95% CI 11–17%), general (13%, 95% CI 10–17%) and gastrointestinal (8%, 95% CI 5–11%) disorders. Disease worsening was observed in 15.9% of the cases, mostly related to a lack of efficacy of the replacement drug. Half of the cases were considered as serious. Evolution was favourable in 79.4% of the cases. Death and/or life‐threatening situations were reported in 5.8% of the cases. Medication errors (MEs) were identified in 51 cases (11%), mostly occurring at the administration step and involving a human factor.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the clinical impact of drug shortage in terms of ADRs, ME and inefficiency. These observations underline the importance of a global health policy programme to limit the occurrence of drug shortages and to reinforce the information provided to patients and health care professionals in this context to limit risk.
Comparing COVID-19 Incidences Longitudinally Per Economic Sector Against the Background of Preventive Measures and Vaccination
Authors: Stijven Florian , Verbeeck Johan , Molenberghs Geert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, workplace transmission plays an important role. For this type of transmission, the longitudinal 14-day incidence curve of SARS-CoV-2 infections per economic sector is a proxy. In Belgium, a census of confirmed 14-day incidences per NACE-BEL sector level three is available from September 2020 until June 2021, encompassing two waves of infections. However, these high-dimensional data, with a relatively small number of NACE-BEL sectors, are challenging to analyze. We propose a nonlinear Gaussian–Gaussian model that combines parametric and semi-parametric elements to describe the incidence curves with a small set of meaningful parameters. These parameters are further analyzed with conventional statistical methods, such as CCA and linear models, to provide insight into predictive characteristics of the first wave for the second wave. Those nonlinear models classify economic sectors into three groups: sectors with two regular waves of infections, sectors with only a first wave and sectors with a more irregular profile, which may indicate a clear effect of COVID-19 vaccination. The Gaussian–Gaussian model thus allows for analyzing and comparing incidence curves and to bring out key characteristics of such curves. Finally, we consider in which other settings the proposed approach could be applied, together with possible pitfalls.
Practical guide to coproduction in conservation science
Authors: Caro Tim , Andrews Jeffrey , Clark Matthew , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe considered a series of conservation‐related research projects on the island of Pemba, Tanzania, to reflect on the broad significance of Beier et al.’s recommendations for linking conservation science with practical conservation outcomes. The implementation of just some of their suggestions can advance a successful coproduction of actionable science by small research teams. Key elements include, first, scientists and managers working together in the field to ensure feedback in real time; second, questions jointly identified by managers and researchers to facilitate engaged collaboration; third, conducting research at multiple sites, thereby broadening managers’ abilities to reach multiple stakeholders; and fourth, establishing a multidisciplinary team because most of the concerns of local managers require input from multiple disciplines.
Remodelling landscape of tissue‐engineered bladder with porcine small intestine submucosa using single‐cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Peng Liao , Jin Xi , He Qing , Gao Xiao‐shuai , Wang Wei , Zeng Xiao , Shen Hong , Luo De‐yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveBioscaffolds are widely used for tissue engineering, but failed and inconsistent preclinical results have hampered the clinical use of bioscaffolds for tissue engineering. We aimed to construct a cellular remodelling landscape and to identify the key cell subpopulations and important genes driving bladder remodelling.MethodsTwenty‐four reconstructed mouse bladders using porcine small intestinal submucosa (PSIS) were harvested at 1, 3, and 6 weeks to perform single‐cell RNA sequencing. Cell types were identified and their differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at each stage were used for functional analysis. Immunofluorescence was used to validate the specific cell type.ResultsThe remodelling landscape included 13 cell types. Among them, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells, and macrophages had the most communications with other cells. In the process of regeneration, DEGs of fibroblasts at 1, 3, and 6 weeks were mainly involved in wound healing, extracellular matrix organization, and regulation of development growth, respectively. Among these cells, Saa3+ fibroblasts might mediate tissue remodelling. The DEGs of SMCs at 1, 3, and 6 weeks were mainly involved in the inflammatory response, muscle cell proliferation, and mesenchyme development, respectively. Moreover, we found that Notch3+ SMCs potentially modulated contractility. From 1 to 6 weeks, synchronous development of endothelial cells was observed by trajectory analysis.ConclusionsA remoulding landscape was successfully constructed and findings might help surficial modifications of PSIS and find a better alternative. However, more in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to further validate these results.
The combination of exposure to Tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid, Inosine 5′‐Monophosphate Dehydrogenase activity and inhibition in the first week define early histological outcomes in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Thanukrishnan Harisudhan , Venkataramanan Raman , Mehta Rajil B. , Jorgensen Dana , Sood Puneet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring is routine for Tacrolimus, while levels are not routinely monitored for mycophenolic acid (MPA). This study investigated the effect of early post‐transplant pharmacokinetics (PK) of MPA and Tacrolimus along with the pharmacodynamics (PD) of MPA on biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR) after renal transplantation. A prospective PK/PD study with limited sampling (three blood samples) was conducted in renal transplant recipients on week 1, around Day 6 (n = 42) and at the 3rd‐month biopsy on Day 90 (n = 23). The partial exposures (area under curve [AUC]0‐3.5 h) of both MPA and Tacrolimus obtained during the first week were more predictive of rejection (combined clinical and subclinical rejection) by Day 90 than their trough concentrations or Day 90 exposures. Patients with rejection had significantly worse renal function (eGFR) and a comparatively lower exposure to MPA during the first post‐transplant week. The lower MPA exposure was also associated with sub‐optimal inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibition in patients with rejection, and the probability of rejection was higher in the presence of an increased pre‐transplant IMPDH activity. A composite of parameters, including MPA exposure and IMPDH activity was found to predict acute rejection and may be beneficial along with tacrolimus monitoring early after renal transplantation.
Dermatofibroma‐like dermal non‐neural granular cell tumor
Authors: Kim Na Young , Jang Ju Wang , Huh Yun Jung , Ro Young Suck , Paik Seung Sam , Ko Joo Yeon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNon‐neural granular cell tumor (NNGCT) is a rare tumor with uncertain lineage. It presents as an asymptomatic polypoid or plaque‐like lesion, especially on trunk. Because the granular cells are usually strongly reactive with S‐100 stain, conventional granular cell tumors (GCTs) are regarded as those of neural or Schwann cell origin. Unlike GCTs, NNGCT is not reactive for S‐100 protein and is thought to derive elsewhere, presumably from mesenchymal stem cells. A 20‐year‐old woman presented with a solitary, dermatofibroma‐like, brownish nodule on her right arm. The lesion developed 3 months before presentation without subjective symptoms. Histopathologic examination revealed a grenz zone overlying a poorly circumscribed tumor extending through the reticular dermis. The tumor cells were large and polygonal, and they had numerous eosinophilic small granules in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD68, vimentin, factor XIIIa, CD10, and cyclin D1. Stains for S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase, and CD34 were negative. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as dermal NNGCT.
Auer rods and faggot cells: A review of the history, significance and mimics of two morphological curiosities of enduring relevance
Authors: Sehgal Tushar , Sharma Prashant 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMyeloid differentiation in blasts is distinguished by the presence of one or more needle‐shaped crystalline structures called Auer rods. Auer rods manifest either alone or as faggot cells (containing bundles of Auer rods) in various types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). Their presence largely portends a better prognosis in AML (as markers of maturation/differentiation) and upstages cases of MDS and MDS/MPN. Observation of these rods in residual blasts in treated cases of AML indicates an absence of remission. This article traces their historical discovery and examines their pathogenetic intricacies, as well as our current understanding of their relevance in myeloid neoplasms. Studies evaluating their prognostic impact in AML and MDS are catalogued. We also discuss a variety of other hematological and non‐hematological neoplasms where structures potentially mistakable for Auer rods have been described. Even as the diagnostic approach to hematological malignancies has evolved from a morphology + cytochemistry + immunophenotyping‐dependent one in the last century to a predominantly molecular genetics‐based classification currently, and even as high‐throughput sequencing and structural variation detection techniques surpass morphology in detecting clinically‐relevant sub‐categories of similar‐appearing tumours, we review these curious microscopic structures that have withstood the test of time with respect to their diagnostic relevance.
Seizure outcome determinants in children after surgery for single unilateral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging: Role of preoperative ictal and interictal electroencephalography
Authors: Castro‐Villablanca Felipe , Moeller Friederike , Pujar Suresh , D'Arco Felice , Scott Rod C. , Tahir M. Zubair , Tisdall Martin , Cross J. Helen , Eltze Christin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether an ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recording as part of presurgical evaluation of children with a demarcated single unilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion is indispensable for surgical decision‐making, we investigated the relationship of interictal/ictal EEG and seizure semiology with seizure‐free outcome.MethodsData were obtained retrospectively from consecutive patients (≤18 years old) undergoing epilepsy surgery with a single unilateral MRI lesion at our institution over a 6‐year period. Video‐telemetry EEG (VT‐EEG) was classified as concordant or nonconcordant/noninformative in relation to the MRI lesion location. The odds of seizure‐free outcome associated with nonconcordant versus concordant for semiology, interictal EEG, and ictal EEG were compared separately. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to correct for confounding variables.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 26 months (interquartile range = 17–37.5), 73 (69%) of 117 children enrolled were seizure‐free. Histopathological diagnoses included low‐grade epilepsy‐associated tumors, n = 46 (39%); focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), n = 33 (28%); mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), n = 23 (20%); polymicrogyria, n = 3 (3%); and nondiagnostic findings/gliosis, n = 12 (10%). The odds of seizure freedom were lower with a nonconcordant interictal EEG (odds ratio [OR] = .227, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .079–.646, p = .006) and nonconcordant ictal EEG (OR = .359, 95% CI = .15–.878, p = .035). In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors predicting lower odds for seizure‐free outcome were developmental delay/intellectual disability and higher number of antiseizure medications tried, with a nonsignificant trend for “nonconcordant interictal EEG.” In the combined subgroup of patients with FCD and tumors (n = 79), there was no significant relationship of VT‐EEG factors and seizure outcomes, whereas in children with MTS and acquired lesions (n = 25), a nonconcordant EEG was associated with poorer seizure outcomes (p = .003).SignificanceAn ictal EEG may not be mandatory for presurgical evaluation, particularly when a well‐defined single unilateral MRI lesion has been identified and the interictal EEG is concordant.
Non‐stationary effects of multiple drivers on the dynamics of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus, Clupeidae)
Authors: Ma Shuyang , Fu Caihong , Li Jianchao , Sun Peng , Liu Yang , Ye Zhenjiang , Watanabe Yoshiro , Tian Yongjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNon‐stationary driver‐response relationships are increasingly being recognized by scientists, underlining that a paradigm shift out of conventional stationary relationships is crucial. Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus, Clupeidae) is a typical small pelagic fish in the northwestern Pacific with considerable fluctuations in productivity, bringing about great economic and ecological concerns. Numerous studies suggest that the population dynamics of Japanese sardine is an integrated process affected by multiple density‐dependent, fishing and climatic drivers. However, little has hitherto been done to incorporate the non‐stationary effects of multiple drivers, impeding progresses in understanding the population dynamics and in developing management strategies. In this study, we adopted variable coefficients generalized additive models to reveal the non‐stationary effects of density dependence, fishing pressure and climatic conditions on the population dynamics of Japanese sardine. Results suggest that the dynamics of Japanese sardine from 1976 to 2018 could be divided into four periods: the 1980s when suitable climatic conditions from strong Siberian High pressure system sustained high abundance; the 1990s when negative density‐dependent effects and degrading climatic conditions due to temperature increase led to population collapse; the 2000s when negative triple effects, particularly high fishing pressure, restricted the population increase; and the 2010s when favourable climatic conditions with re‐strengthening Siberian High pressure system accompanied by low fishing pressure contributed to the population recovery. The study highlights that precise identifications of population status and climatic conditions are helpful to achieve good trade‐offs between resource exploitation and protection and to facilitate ecosystem‐based management for Japanese sardine fisheries.
Couple therapy in the 2020s: Current status and emerging developments
Authors: Lebow Jay , Snyder Douglas K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a critical analysis and synthesis of the current status and emerging developments in contemporary couple therapy. Its narrative centers on the evolution of couple therapy into a prominent intervention modality and coherent body of practice. The review begins with the consideration of the field's strong empirical underpinnings derived from research on couple therapy and basic relational science. Couple therapy comprises the widely accepted method for reducing relationship distress and enhancing relationship quality. Moreover, both as a stand‐alone intervention and in conjunction with other treatment formats, couple‐based interventions have garnered considerable empirical support for their effectiveness in addressing a broad spectrum of specific relational dysfunctions as well as individual emotional and physical health problems. We highlight the convergence of methods through common factors, shared strategies, and remarkably similar arrangements across approaches. Our review also points to key differences among approaches, the importance of recognizing respective strengths and limitations linked to these differences, and building on differences across models when selecting and tailoring interventions for a given couple. The discussion concludes with a consideration of recent trends in the field including the impact of telehealth and related digital technologies, the expansion of specific treatments for specific problems and diverse populations, the interface of couple therapy with relationship education, and enduring challenges as well as new opportunities addressing broader systemic and global dynamics.
Impact of climate change on parasite infection of an important pollinator depends on host genotypes
Authors: Manlik Oliver , Mundra Sunil , Schmid‐Hempel Regula , Schmid‐Hempel Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is predicted to affect host–parasite interactions, and for some hosts, parasite infection is expected to increase with rising temperatures. Global population declines of important pollinators already have been attributed to climate change and parasitism. However, the role of climate in driving parasite infection and the genetic basis for pollinator hosts to respond often remain obscure. Based on decade‐long field data, we investigated the association between climate and Nosema bombi (Microsporidia) infection of buffed‐tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), and whether host genotypes play a role. For this, we genotyped 876 wild bumblebee queens and screened for N. bombi infection of those queens between 2000 and 2010. We recorded seven climate parameters during those 11 years and tested for correlations between climate and infection prevalence. Here we show that climatic factors drive N. bombi infection and that the impact of climate depends on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) haplotypes of the host. Infection prevalence was correlated with climatic variables during the time when queens emerge from hibernation. Remarkably, COI haplotypes best predict this association between climatic factors and infection. In particular, two host haplotypes (“A” and “B”) displayed phenotypic plasticity in response to climatic variation: Temperature was positively correlated with infection of host haplotype B, but not haplotype A. The likelihood of infection of haplotype A was associated with moisture, conferring greater resistance to parasite infection during wetter years. In contrast, infection of haplotype B was unrelated to moisture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies specific host genotypes that confer differential parasite resistance under variable climatic conditions. Our results underscore the importance of mitochondrial haplotypes to ward off parasites in a changing climate. More broadly, this also suggests that COI may play a pertinent role in climate change adaptations of insect pollinators.