bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burrows-Wheeler Post-Transformation with Effective Clustering and Integer Coding Through Vectorization
Authors: Yadav Amit Kumar , Panday Sanjeeb Prasad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This research is mainly based on lossless integer Compression. In this research one of the most renowned method called Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) has been used. This method is used to sort data reversibly. After this transformation, most of the repeated characters come together. The result of BWT has been passed through Run Length Encoder (RLE) module to get the Run characters, Run Length and Run Character frequencies. The Run characters and Run Character Frequencies have been passed through Move-to-Front (MTF) module to get MTF number and final MTF list. Then the MTF number and Run length, which are non-negative integers, have been sorted using counting sort module. This module sorts the numbers according to the Run characters. The result is non-negative integers which have been coded using interpolative coding method. This method is also known as Non-statistical and Non-parametric Coding. The data has been decompressed using the same modules as compression but in reverse order. It results lossless output. To implement vectorization big files are broken into chunks and passed through each module, creating new processes. So, it works in parallel. This method results speed boost exponentially with file size while keeping compression factor intact if not better.
Ethylene and proline-dependent regulation of antioxidant enzymes to mitigate heat stress and boost photosynthetic efficacy in wheat plants
Authors: Sehar Zebus , Gautam Harsha , Masood Asim , Khan Nafees 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ethylene regulates photosynthetic efficiency of plants grown under challenged environment by interacting with antioxidant system and other biomolecules. The role of ethylene in modulation of proline biosynthesis and subsequent changes in antioxidant machinery to protect heat stress grown wheat was studied. The effects of exogenously-sourced ethylene (as 200 µL L− 1 ethephon: 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) and proline (50 mM) was studied in the protection of photosynthetic performance and heat stress tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. WH-711 by studying mechanisms of proline biosynthesis, activity and gene expression of antioxidants, ethylene evolution. The cultivars, Raj-3765, PBW-373, HD-2967, PBW-550, DBW-17, PBW-343 and UP-2338 were screened for their proline accumulation capacity and tolerance to heat stress. Plants of the cultivar WH-711 with higher proline accumulation and heat tolerance capacity were subjected to 40°C for 6 h per day over 15 days, then allowed to recover at 28°C showed increased levels of H2O2 and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), proline acumulation, ACS activity and ethylene evolution, activity of antioxidant enzymes together with reduced photosynthetic characteristics. Ethephon plus proline supplementation under heat stress upregulated antioxidant defense system, reduced oxidative stress and improved psbA and psbB expression and photosynthesis. The outcome of the study may be taken to improve photosynthetic performance and heat stress tolerance through ethylene-enhanced proline accumulation and antioxidant defense system.
Temperature, carbon dioxide and methane
Authors: Hambler Clive , Henderson Peter A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
1) Globally-representative monthly rates of change of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane are compared with global rates of change of sea ice and with Arctic and Antarctic air temperatures. 2) Carbon dioxide is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the carbon dioxide rate at Mauna Loa lagging sea ice extent rate by 7 months. 3) Methane is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the global (and Mauna Loa) methane rate lagging sea ice extent rate by 5 months. 4) Sea ice melt rate peaks in very tight synchrony with temperature in each Hemisphere. 5) The very high synchrony of the two gases is most parsimoniously explained by a common causality acting in both Hemispheres. 6) Time lags between variables indicate primary drivers of the gas dynamics are due to solar action on the polar regions, not mid-latitudes as is conventionally believed. 7) Results are consistent with a proposed role of a high-latitude temperature-dependent abiotic variable such as sea ice in the annual cycles of carbon dioxide and methane. 8) If sea ice does not drive the net flux of these gases, it is a highly precise proxy for whatever does. 9) Potential mechanisms should be investigated urgently.
Prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at District Hospital in Qarbagh District, Ghazani Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Ahmadi Ali Ahmad , Stanikzai Muhammad Haroon , Wyar Wali Mohammad , Sayam Hadia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The burden of anemia among pregnant women is high in developing countries, with an increased risk of maternal mortality and morbidity in these settings.Objectives: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at District Hospital in Qarabagh District, Ghazani province, Afghanistan.Methods: Pregnant women receiving antenatal care in this cross-sectional study completed a structured questionnaire and Hemoglobin (Hb) measurement from September to December 2020. The study questionnaire collected information on respondents’ socio-demographic, reproductive and dietary characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used to describe anemia prevalence and other baseline characteristics. We employed bivariate and multivariable analyses to identify determinants of anemia. We used SPSS version 21 for statistical analyses. Results: Overall, 45.6% (CI: 41.64%-49.60%) of the respondents were anemic, of which 54.4% cases were mild. Pregnant women who were from households with low income (vs the high income) had higher odds of anemia (AOR=2.24; 95%CI:1.06-4.71). Husbands’ employment was strongly associated with anemia (AOR=2.04; 95%CI:1.04-3.97), as well as women who had a history of complications in last pregnancy (AOR=1.53; 95%CI: 1.02-2.28) and those who had irregular menstruation before this pregnancy had higher odds of anemia (AOR=2.21;1.35-3.64).Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women reflects a severe public health problem in the study area. Pregnant women from a household with low income, whose husbands were self-employed, and those who had a history of complications and irregular menstruation before this pregnancy were at higher risk of anemia. Hence, policymakers and health providers in the study area should take note of the results of this study to reduce the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women.
Learning to predict cosmological parameters using Deep Learning
Authors: Dongre Pratik , Digalwar Mayuri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ever since its discovery back in 1964 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has been of great interest to cosmologists and played a crucial role in understanding and studying the early universe. One of the most interesting topic of current interest is dark matter and its existence is by now well established. By analyzing the CMB data we can estimate the baryon matter and dark matter density of the universe. With vast amount of astronomical data already present and a more vast amount which is to come in future, Machine Learning techniques can provide a variety of benefits in astrophysical and cosmological research. Here we explore the use of deep learning to estimate baryon and dark matter density. We have used a U-Net based neural networks in this paper. We have used simulated CMB temperature maps as a dataset to train the neural networks and correlate the baryon and dark matter density from the power spectrum of the corresponding simulated CMB temperature map.
Innovative technologies in the treatment of short bowel syndrome
Authors: Kostyuchenko L. N. , Leontiev A. V. , Kostyuchenko M. V. , Lychkova A. E. , Vasina T. A. , Puzin M. N. 
Published: May 2022

Introdiction. In recent years, many new technologies for the management of patients with short bowel syndrom (SBS), including SBS-IF (short bowel syndrom with intestinal failor), have appeared. The implemented surgical techniques are aimed at slowing down the progress of intestinal contents (antiperistaltic inserts, the creation of artificial valves in the small intestine, loops or pockets from the small intestine, etc.); surgical elongation of the small intestine (the most common STEP, Bianchy technique); intestinal transplantation. At the same time, when the intestine is shortened to 1.5–2,0 m, the adaptive rearrangements are still able to provide (albeit suppressed), but partially preserved absorption processes (in 80% of cases, the surface of the intestine is sufficient for slow transport of nutrients from the intestine to the blood). Therefore, it is important to increase the efficiency of adaptive rearrangements in any conservative way shown.Аim. Тo evaluate the role of hormonal stimulation of adaptive rearrangements in the residual bowel stump.Materials and methods. Рarameters of the well-known alimentary-volemic diagnosis, assessment of adaptive changes in the gastrointestinal tract (performed by determining citruline and GLP-2, as well as by morphological method). To stimulate the regulation of adaptive processes, a hormone preparation GLP-2 (teduglutide) was used in the nutritional support program.Results. It was shown that the length of the intestinal stump up to 1.5–2.0 m allows for digestive and transport processes due to adaptive rearrangements of the intestinal epithelium. With a super-short intestine, it is advisable to choose surgical methods of correction.Conclusion. For conservative correction of adaptive processes in the intestine, it is advisable to use a GLP-2 hormone preparation, in particular, teduglutide.
Clinical and sonographic parallels of gastroesophageal reflux disease and comorbid gastrointestinal pathology
Authors: Gorban V. V. , Matveeva E. V. , Gorban E. V. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The growth of gastrointestinal diseases associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) dictates the need to develop methodological approaches for early outpatient diagnosis of comorbid gastrointestinal conditions using generally available methods, including transabdominal ultrasound (USR).Aim. To determine significant sonographic parameters of colon lesions in patients with polymorbid GERD, associated with clinical and metabolic concomitant changes, in order to improve transsyndromic diagnosis at an outpatient appointment.Materials and methods. The study included 150 outpatients with GERD (60 men and 90 women) with an average age of 40.2 ± 3.1 years old. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory examination, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, ultrasound of the gastrointestinal tract with the calculation of the volume of gastroesophageal (GE) refluctate.Results and discussion. In patients with GERD, the criteria reflecting the pathological conditions of the colon according to the data of colonoscopy and ultrasound had a direct correlation. Statistically significant relationships between ultrasound signs of lesions of various segments of the colon with gender, age of patients, body mass index, erosive reflex disease and the volume of GE refluctate, as well as with lactase and vitamin D deficiency, the presence of yeast-like fungi and an increase in the level of fecal calprotectin are shown.Conclusions. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of diagnosing morphofunctional disorders of the colon in GERD patients with comorbid gastrointestinal pathology, associated not only with the main, but also with concomitant diseases by the ultrasound technique at the place of medical care. Tuning of gastrointestinal sonography, aimed at the immediate integration of ultrasound images into the patient management plan, involves the expansion of transsyndromic diagnostics and the substantiation of therapeutic tactic at an outpatient appointment.
Prognostic and diagnostic value of the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes of patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver
Authors: Sarkarova M. R. , Maevskaya M. V. 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the review is to analyze the data of the latest scientific studies assessing the diagnostic and predictive value of the indicator of the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) in patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have the increased ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes correlated with the severity of fibrosis and the activity of the disease, and also made it possible to differentiate patients with steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NLR of patients with liver cirrhosis has shown its prognostic significance in the development of death, comparable to the MELD and Child – Pugh scales, and in some studies even surpassed them. Contradictory data have been obtained regarding its predictive value at risk of infectious complications in this category of patients. In patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), an increased value of NLR was associated with the activity of the disease. NLR serves as a predictor of death and a more severe course of acute pancreatitis. In patients with acute appendicitis, NLR has shown its diagnostic significance in identifying its severe forms. NLR has also shown its prognostic value in the development of death among patients with gastrointestinal cancer. NLR serves as a marker of systemic inflammation, which can be calculated using the parameters of the simple clinical bloode test, which is available in everyday clinical practice. The value of NLR is due to its non-invasiveness and low cost. The analysis of the literature showed its predictive and diagnostic value in certain diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver. The higher the indicator under study, the worse the prognosis of the disease and/or life of the patient. However, there is no consensus on the gradation of NLR and cut-off levels fluctuate in various studies, and their results are often contradictory. Also, most studies are retrospective, so it is necessary to conduct major prospective studies in this direction.
Debating capabilities of biochemical markers of liver function in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Ikonnikova K. A. , Eroshchenko N. N. , Drozdov V. N. , Shikh E. V. , Serebrova S. Yu. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The diagnosis of alcohol-related liver disease is limited by the lack of a tool to reliably identify whether the present deterioration in the patient’s condition is due to alcohol consumption or other causes.Purpose. to conduct a comparative assessment of the clinical and diagnostic significance of liver function biochemical indicators (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP) and their calculated derivatives (AST/ALT, GGT/ALP, GGT/GGTn, ALP/ALPn) as markers of alcohol consumption in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.Material and methods. The observational study included 112 men over 18 years of age with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis. The patients were assessed the severity of liver cirrhosis according to the Child-Pugh scale, performed general and biochemical blood tests, coagulation test, assessment of the fact of alcohol consumption by the level of phosphatidylethanol. An analysis was made of the relationship between alcohol consumption and changes in laboratory parameters of liver function, with the determination of their sensitivity and specificity.Results. Patients with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis who consumed alcohol on phosphatidylethanol had higher levels of plasma albumin, GGT, and lower values of creatinine, direct and total bilirubin, urea, and aPTT compared with patients who did not drink alcohol (p < 0.05). Alcohol-drinking patients with class C cirrhosis have higher ALT levels compared with abstinent patients with the same severity of cirrhosis (p < 0.05). The relationship between the fact of alcohol consumption, determined by the level of phosphatidylethanol, and the ratio of GGT of patients to the normal GGT value, as well as between the ratio of GGT to alkaline phosphatase and the degree of increase in GGT, turned out to be statistically significant. To assess the fact of alcohol consumption, the level of serum GGT > 65 IU/ l (75.5%) has the highest sensitivity, the highest specificity is the ratio of the patient’s GGT to the normal value of GGT > 2 (82.9%).Conclusion. Compared with the known 100% sensitivity and > 92% specificity of Peth as a alcohol biomarker, among the biochemical indicators of liver function and their calculated derivatives, GGT > 65 IU/l have the greatest sensitivity or specificity (respectively, 75.5% and 65%) and GGTnorm. > 2 (37.7% and 82.9%, respectively), which makes it possible to use the totality of these parameters as an indicator of the continued impact on the patient of the main etiological factor of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis in the routine practice of most medical organizations of the Russian Federation.
Aspects of management of patients with cholelithiasis: clinical example
Authors: Pakhomova I. G. , Varlamova N. N. 
Published: May 2022

Gallstone disease (GSD) is currently one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially among people of working age, and has a clear tendency to increase and expand the age range towards rejuvenation. To date, the possible links in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis have been well studied and described, risk factors and clinical manifestations have been studied and described, among which the asymptomatic course of cholelithiasis, which is often noted at the first latent stage of the disease, is important. It is at this stage that preventive conservative treatment allows most patients to avoid stone formation. However, after ascertaining biliary sludge, therapeutic correction is not carried out. Among the drugs used as oral litholytic therapy, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used, which is effective for predominantly cholesterol (X-ray negative) calculi up to 15–18 mm in size or biliary sludge in the form of putty bile. It is known that UDCA changes the ratio of cholesterol/bile acids in bile, which contributes to the mobilization of cholesterol from gallstones and cause their partial or complete dissolution, and prevent the formation of new calculi. At the same time, the use of oral litholytic therapy is also possible at stage 2 of cholelithiasis with asymptomatic or rare attacks of biliary colic, the absence of violations of the patency of the extrahepatic bile ducts, and also if the patient does not agree to cholecystectomy in order to stabilize the process of stone formation. This article presents a review of the literature on the etiopathogenetic, clinical features of cholelithiasis, as well as the treatment of cholelithiasis, primarily with an emphasis on the prevention of this disease. An analysis of a clinical case is given with a discussion of rational pharmacocorrection in cholelithiasis.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics and frequency of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C of the first and third genotypes
Authors: Cherepnin M. A. , Tsukanov V. V. , Savchenko A. A. , Vasyutin A. V. , Kasparov E. V. , Tonkikh J. L. , Borisov A. G. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction. There is a discussion about which genotype of viral hepatitis C (HCV) is the most aggressive. Some authors consider that the 1st genotype is the most aggressive, others define the 3rd HCV genotype as a factor that determines the high activity of the pathological process. The solution of this issue is important for optimizing the tactics of patient management.Aim. To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics and the incidence of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C of the first and third genotypes.Materials and methods. 297 patients with genotype 1 of HCV and 231 patients with genotype 3 of HCV were examined. The diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis C was established according to the recommendations of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (2016, 2018). Liver fibrosis was studied by shear wave transient elastometry with METAVIR score.Results and discussion. The frequency of elevated ALT in the blood prevailed in patients with HCV genotype 3 compared with persons with HCV genotype 1 (90.5% vs. 82.8%, p = 0.02). ALT levels above 3 norms were registered in 29.0% of patients with genotype 3 and in 16.8% patients with HCV genotype 1 (p = 0.001). The frequency of liver fibrosis F2 according to METAVIR was 11.8% in patients with genotype 1 and 21.2% in patients with genotype 3 of HCV (p = 0.005); the frequency of liver fibrosis F3–F4 according to METAVIR was 20.5% in patients with genotype 1 and 32.5% in patients with genotype 3 of HCV (p = 0.003). The combination of high viral load and high inflammatory activity, which was associated with liver fibrosis F3–F4 according to METAVIR in both compared groups, was determined in 16.9% of patients with genotype 3 and only in 10.4% of patients with genotype 1 of HCV (p = 0.04).Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to consider that in the surveyed population the course of chronic viral hepatitis C with genotype 3 is clearly more aggressive than in persons with genotype 1 of HCV.
Comparing the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of phosphate adsorption on various waste shells as adsorbent
Authors: Abdullah Noorul Hudai , Adnan Nur Amirah , Mohd Rashidi Nur Fatin Nadiah , Yaacob Mohamad Syahrul Syazwan , Abdul Salim Nur Atikah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Excess phosphate in water bodies causes algae bloom and this phenomenon can reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, resulting in the death of aquatic life. The major focus of this study is to prepare adsorbent from three waste shells for phosphate adsorption from aqueous solution and to compare their effectiveness. This study used adsorbents made from marsh clamshells, waste mussel shells, and eggshells. PO43– adsorption by these shells was analysed using several parameter values, with an initial PO43− concentration of 10 mg L−1, solution volume of 100 mL, adsorbent dosage of 2 g, and various contact times. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the batch experimental data better as evidenced by the R2 values for raw marsh clamshell (0.9991), calcined waste mussel shell (0.9999), and calcined eggshell (0.9997), indicating that the adsorption between the various adsorbents and PO43− is a chemisorption process. Calcined eggshell showed the best PO43− removal efficiency (99%), followed by calcined waste mussel shell (96%), and raw marsh clamshell (73%). The application of waste material to adsorb phosphate from aqueous solution shows the potential of a new adsorbents for use in real adsorption wastewater treatment technologies.