bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of tissue engineering strategies for periodontal and peri‐implant reconstruction
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Rasperini Giulio , Giannobile William V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScientific advancements in biomaterials, cellular therapies, and growth factors have brought new therapeutic options for periodontal and peri‐implant reconstructive procedures. These tissue engineering strategies involve the enrichment of scaffolds with living cells or signaling molecules and aim at mimicking the cascades of wound healing events and the clinical outcomes of conventional autogenous grafts, without the need for donor tissue. Several tissue engineering strategies have been explored over the years for a variety of clinical scenarios, including periodontal regeneration, treatment of gingival recessions/mucogingival conditions, alveolar ridge preservation, bone augmentation procedures, sinus floor elevation, and peri‐implant bone regeneration therapies. The goal of this article was to review the tissue engineering strategies that have been performed for periodontal and peri‐implant reconstruction and implant site development, and to evaluate their safety, invasiveness, efficacy, and patient‐reported outcomes. A detailed systematic search was conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials reporting the outcomes of tissue engineering strategies utilized for the aforementioned indications. A total of 128 trials were ultimately included in this review for a detailed qualitative analysis. Commonly performed tissue engineering strategies involved scaffolds enriched with mesenchymal or somatic cells (cell‐based tissue engineering strategies), or more often scaffolds loaded with signaling molecules/growth factors (signaling molecule‐based tissue engineering strategies). These approaches were found to be safe when utilized for periodontal and peri‐implant reconstruction therapies and implant site development. Tissue engineering strategies demonstrated either similar or superior clinical outcomes than conventional approaches for the treatment of infrabony and furcation defects, alveolar ridge preservation, and sinus floor augmentation. Tissue engineering strategies can promote higher root coverage, keratinized tissue width, and gingival thickness gain than scaffolds alone can, and they can often obtain similar mean root coverage compared with autogenous grafts. There is some evidence suggesting that tissue engineering strategies can have a positive effect on patient morbidity, their preference, esthetics, and quality of life when utilized for the treatment of mucogingival deformities. Similarly, tissue engineering strategies can reduce the invasiveness and complications of autogenous graft‐based staged bone augmentation. More studies incorporating patient‐reported outcomes are needed to understand the cost‐benefits of tissue engineering strategies compared with traditional treatments.
Does biochar contribute to close nutrient cycles of tree plantations on degraded Ultisols in the Ecuadorian Amazonia?
Authors: González Sarango Esthela Margarita , Valarezo Manosalvas Carlos , Wilcke Wolfgang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe use of biochar is expected to improve soil fertility and close nutrient cycles in degraded strongly weathered tropical soils. We, therefore, hypothesized that biochar amendment to tree plantations (a) increases nutrient fluxes with litterfall alone and with mineral fertilizer plus lime and (b) reduces N losses reflected by lower δ15N values of litterfall and soils than in unamended controls. We grew the native leguminous Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Ducke) Barneby and the exotic Gmelina arborea Roxb at two sites. We used a replicated full factorial split–split plot design of amendment of mineral fertilizer plus lime, 3 and 6 t ha−1 biochar, and a control. We collected litterfall biweekly (2012–2013) and topsoil samples (0–0.25 m) in 2009 before tree planting, in 2011 and 2013. Fertilizer plus lime increased the mean annual concentrations of P, Ca and Zn in litterfall but decreased that of Mn. At the same time, fertilizer plus lime increased the annual fluxes of nutrients, Na and Al with litterfall. During the dry season, biochar decreased the N concentration in litterfall and the K flux with litterfall. During the rainy season, biochar increased the concentrations of Ca and Zn in litterfall and their fluxes with litterfall. Biochar did not influence the δ15N values of soil and litterfall after 51 months of tree growth. Fertilizer plus lime decreased the δ15N values of soil, because of the lower δ15N value of the used urea (−0.30‰) than the soil (4.5‰–7.8‰). Moreover, fertilizer plus lime increased the δ15N values of litterfall, possibly because of enhanced 14N leaching from the N‐rich canopies. The amendment of up to 6 t ha−1 biochar did not contribute to close nutrient cycles.
The Journalist and His Powers in Cameroon: From Mediator to Game
Authors: Bolvine François Wakata 
Published: September 2022

Despite the controversy that surrounds their effectiveness, the powers of a journalist or of a media in general are no less real, though they are not expected to be where they originally ought to be, namely in their capacity to impart beliefs and behaviour on passive citizens. This study re-examines the paradigm of media impact, initiated in the 1950s and which aimed, specifically, at exploring the influence journalists have on the power dynamics that link the press to some major actors in the social space, namely citizens, government officials and the judicial system. Ultimately, it turns out that because of the 'power' conferred on it by its capacity to create positions in the field, to build or undermine reputations, the press has ended up, under the cover of mediation, becoming a dominant actor in the cooperation/conflict relationship or asymmetrical power that links it to other social spaces.
A Simple Model for Inflexed Multilayered Laminated Glass Beams Based on Refined Zig-Zag Theory
Authors: Haydar Ali , Royer-Carfagni Gianni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Laminated glass is a composite made of glass plies sandwiching polymeric interlayers, permanently bonded with a process at high pressure and temperature in autoclave. Within the quasi-elastic approximation, according to which the polymer is linear elastic material whose elastic modulus parametrically depends upon time and environmental temperature, we present a model for inflexed laminated-glass beams in the pre-glass-breakage phase. The approach relies on a modified version of the refined zig-zag theory for composites, in which the glass plies are treated as Euler–Bernoulli beams, whereas the interlayers can only provide a shear-stiffness contribution to the coupling of the glass plies. The kinematic description is greatly simplified and the governing equations can be solved analytically, for laminated packages of any type, when the beam is statically determined. A finite element implementation is proposed for the most general cases. The convergence analysis for the numerical approach and the comparison with the analytical solution in benchmark problems demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Pathway-Specific Polygenic Risk Scores Identify Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Related Pathways Differentially Moderating Genetic Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Goodman Matthew O. , Cade Brian E. , Shah Neomi A. , Huang Tianyi , Dashti Hassan S. , Saxena Richa , Rutter Martin K. , Libby Peter , Sofer Tamar , Redline Susan 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its features, such as chronic intermittent hypoxia, may differentially affect specific molecular pathways and processes in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and influence the subsequent risk and severity of CAD events. In particular, competing adverse (eg, inflammatory) and protective (eg, increased coronary collateral blood flow) mechanisms may operate, but remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that common genetic variation in selected molecular pathways influences the likelihood of CAD events differently in individuals with and without OSA, in a pathway-dependent manner.

Methods:
We selected a cross-sectional sample of 471 877 participants from the UK Biobank, with 4974 ascertained to have OSA, 25 988 to have CAD, and 711 to have both. We calculated pathway-specific polygenic risk scores for CAD, based on 6.6 million common variants evaluated in the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D genome-wide association study (Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome wide Replication and Meta-analysis [CARDIoGRAM] plus The Coronary Artery Disease [C4D] Genetics), annotated to specific genes and pathways using functional genomics databases. Based on prior evidence of involvement with intermittent hypoxia and CAD, we tested pathway-specific polygenic risk scores for the HIF1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and TNF (tumor necrosis factor) signaling pathways.

Results:

In a multivariable-adjusted logistic generalized additive model, elevated pathway-specific polygenic risk scores for the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes VEGF pathway (39 genes) associated with protection for CAD in OSA (interaction odds ratio 0.86,
P=
6×10
-4
). By contrast, the genome-wide CAD PRS did not show evidence of statistical interaction with OSA.

Conclusions:
We find evidence that pathway-specific genetic risk of CAD differs between individuals with and without OSA in a qualitatively pathway-dependent manner. These results provide evidence that gene-by-environment interaction influences CAD risk in certain pathways among people with OSA, an effect that is not well-captured by the genome-wide PRS. This invites further study of how OSA interacts with genetic risk at the molecular level and suggests eventual personalization of OSA treatment to reduce CAD risk according to individual pathway-specific genetic risk profiles.
Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel Neuroactive Steroid Prodrug, NTS-104, and Its Neuroprotective Activity in Experimental Stroke Models
Authors: Zhang Li , Schwartz-Byrne Robin , Gertz Steven , McGuire Matthew , Woodhouse Colleen , Powell Brianna , Wei Min , Li Chao , Billing Clare B. , Verdoorn Todd A. , Lam Leslie , Parry Tom J. , Buller Benjamin , Zhang Zheng Gang , Poulsen David , Chopp Michael 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Ischemic stroke affects about 700 000 patients per year in the United States, and to date, there are no effective pharmacological agents that promote recovery. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of NTS-105, a novel neuroactive steroid, and NTS-104, a prodrug of NTS-105, in 2 models of ischemic stroke.

Methods:
The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of NTS-104/105 were investigated in naive and stroke rats, and models of embolic and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion were used to investigate the dose-related effects of NTS-104. All rats were randomly assigned into the experimental groups, and all outcome measurements were performed blindly.

Results:
Blood plasma and brain pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that NTS-104 rapidly converted to NTS-105, which reached peak concentration at ≈1 hour after dosing and distributed similarly to normal and ischemic brains. NTS-104 administration 4 hours after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion led to a dose-dependent improvement of neurological outcomes and a dose-dependent reduction of infarct volumes relative to vehicle-treated animals. A single dose level study confirmed that NTS-104 administered 4 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was also neuroprotective. Quantitative ELISA revealed that NTS-104 treatment resulted in time- and dose-dependent changes in AKT activation and cytokine levels within the ischemic brain, which included reductions of IL-6, VEGF, ICAM-1, IL-1β, MCP-1, RAGE, and GM-CSF. Time- and dose-dependent reductions in IL-6 and GM-CSF were also observed in the plasma along with an elevation of galectin-1.

Conclusions:
NTS-104 is a novel prodrug that converts to a novel neuroactive steroid, NTS-105, which improves functional outcomes in experimental ischemic stroke models.
FAIR data and metadata: GNSS precise positioning user perspective
Authors: Ivánová Ivana , Keenan Ryan , Marshall Christopher , Mancell Lori , Rubinov Eldar , Ruddick Ryan , Brown Nicholas , Kernich Graeme 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe FAIR principles of Wilkinson et al. [1] are finding their way from research into application domains, one of which is the precise positioning with global satellite navigation systems (GNSS). Current GNSS users demand that data and services are findable online, accessible via open protocols (by both, machines and humans), interoperable with their legacy systems and reusable in various settings. Comprehensive metadata are essential in seamless communication between GNSS data and service providers and their users, and, for decades, geodetic and geospatial standards are efficiently implemented to support this. However, GNSS user community is transforming from precise positioning by highly specialised use by geodetic professionals to every-day precise positioning by autonomous vehicles or wellness obsessed citizens. Moreover, rapid technological developments allow alternative ways of offering data and services to their users. These transforming circumstances warrant a review whether metadata defined in generic geospatial and geodetic standards in use still support FAIR use of modern GNSS data and services across its novel user spectrum. This paper reports the results of current GNSS users’ requirements in various application sectors on the way data, metadata and services are provided. We engaged with GNSS stakeholders to validate our findings and to gain understanding on their perception of the FAIR principles. Our results confirm that offering FAIR GNSS data and services is fundamental, but for a confident use of these, there is a need to review the way metadata are offered to the community. Defining standard compliant GNSS community metadata profile and providing relevant metadata with data on-demand, the approach outlined in this paper, is a way to manage current GNSS users’ expectations and the way to improve FAIR GNSS data and service delivery for both humans and the machines.
Dislodged Experience as an Overcoming of Reason: Towards a Phenomenology of Beyng
Authors: Kuravsky Erik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heidegger’s Contributions to Philosophy approaches human transformation as an overcoming of Western metaphysics. The nature of this transformation does not imply a mere change of a worldview, an ethical or spiritual fulfillment, or even self-transcendence. Instead, Heidegger speaks about a dislodgement of human essence. In the article I address the notion of dislodgement as central for understanding the nature of the shift required for the human selfhood to be grounded in Da-sein. I stress the relation between dislodgement and an overcoming of reason as the basis of overcoming metaphysics. I then focus on the way dislodgement transforms the nature of experience, freeing it from the metaphysical constriction of a priority of beingness and the psychological subjectivity that accompanies it. I point out that such a dislodged experience transgresses the ontological-ontic distinction and thus offers a phenomenological basis for experiencing the truth of Beyng. I also suggest that the way to become prepared for such a full-fledged dislodgement is to be attentive to the moments in which our experience betrays its belonginess to Beyng.
Hong Kong poison information centre: Annual report 2020
Authors: Chow Tin Yat Anthony , Chan Chi Keung , Ng Sze Hong , Tse Man Li 
Published: September 2022

Background:The Hong Kong Poison Information Centre has provided consultation service to healthcare professionals and collected epidemiological data on poisoning in Hong Kong since 2005.Objective:To analyse and report the poisoning data of Hong Kong Poison Information Centre in 2020 during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Methods:A retrospective review of all poisoning cases recorded in the Poison Information and Clinical Management System of Hong Kong Poison Information Centre in 2020.Results:A total of 3633 poisoning cases were analysed. Compared to 2019 (pre‐COVID era), there was a reduction of ~10% of total poisoning cases recorded (383 cases), with a majority (> 90%) of reduction from poisoning cases with no clinical effect (353 cases). A greater proportion of reduction was observed among the children (0–12 years), patients with general unintentional poisoning, poisoning due to therapeutic error and food poisoning. An increased number of cases was noted from abusive use, adverse herb/proprietary Chinese medicine reaction and poisoning related to household bleaches. Teenage (13–19 years) poisoning seemed to be unaffected by the COVID‐19 pandemic and the previously observed increasing trend continued (up to 11.8% of total poisoning cases this year). Despite a total reduction in poisoning cases recorded, the number of deaths increased by 37% from 35 in 2019 to 48 in 2020 (mortality rate 1.5%). A total of seven interesting cases were discussed.Conclusion:This 15th annual report provides updated epidemiological information on poisoning patterns in Hong Kong during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It also highlighted important changes and possible effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on poisoning in Hong Kong in comparison with our previous reports.
Rise in Percutaneous Vascular Procedures and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Is Associated With Increase in Emergent Vascular Operations
Authors: Silverberg Daniel , Hater Haitam , Halak Moshe 
Published: September 2022

Background: The workload of vascular surgeons is widely affected by the procedural activity of other departments within the same medical center. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trend in emergent vascular surgery procedures over a 5 year period in a tertiary referral hospital and categorize these procedures based on the nature of the operative procedure required. Methods: A single center, retrospective review of all emergent surgical operations performed at our tertiary referral hospital between the years 2017-2021. Data collected included types of emergent vascular surgery performed, in addition to procedures performed by the departments of interventional cardiology (IC), interventional radiology (IR), neurointerventional radiology (NIR) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at our institution. Results: During the study period were performed a total of 1783 operative procedures (mean 356 ± 26/year). Of those, 485 (27%) were emergent cases. We observed a gradual increase in emergent operative procedures performed from 2017 to 2021 (22% to 34% of all cases, increase of 56%, P<.01). A striking increase was seen with vascular repairs performed for iatrogenic vascular injuries secondary to arterial access complications (47% to 65% of all iatrogenic vascular injuries, increase of 38%). The increase correlated with an increase in activity seen in the departments of IC, IR/NIR and ECMO (15%, 31% and 300%, respectively). Conclusions: An increasing number of emergent surgical procedures performed by our vascular surgery department correlates with the increasing number of endovascular procedures performed by non- vascular services. As these procedures are expected to increase, together with the number of stroke units and ECMO units being created, medical centers must be aware that these may result in a significant increase in the workload of the vascular surgery department in order to deal with complications associated with these procedures.
Conceptualising comorbidity and multimorbidity in dementia: A scoping review and syndemic framework
Authors: Dunn Rosie , Clayton Eleanor , Wolverson Emma , Hilton Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Background Older people and people with dementia experience a high prevalence of multiple health conditions. The terms ‘comorbidity’ and ‘multimorbidity’ are often used interchangeably to describe this, however there are key conceptual differences between these terms and their definitions. This has led to issues in the validity and comparability of research findings, potentially inappropriate intervention development and differences in quality of health care. Objective To review how the terms ‘comorbidity’ and ‘multimorbidity’ are defined within peer-reviewed dementia research and propose an operational framework. Design A scoping review of definitions within dementia research was carried out. Searches took place across five databases: Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. Results Content analysis revealed five key themes, showing significant overlap and inconsistencies from both within, and between, the comorbidity and multimorbidity definitions; 1. Number of conditions; 2. Type of health conditions; 3. The co-occurrence of conditions; 4. The inclusion of an index disease (or not); 5. Use of medical language. The analysis also revealed gaps in how the underlying concepts of the definitions relate to people with dementia living with multiple health conditions. Conclusion This scoping review found that current definitions of comorbidity and multimorbidity are heterogeneous, reductionist and disease-focussed. Recommendations are made on the design of research studies including transparency and consistency of any terms and definitions used. A syndemic framework could be a useful tool for researchers, clinicians and policy makers to consider a more holistic picture of a person with dementia’s health and wellbeing.
Burden of influenza hospitalization among high-risk groups in the United States
Authors: Near Aimee M. , Tse Jenny , Young-Xu Yinong , Hong David K. , Reyes Carolina M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Seasonal influenza poses a substantial clinical and economic burden in the United States and vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with comorbidities, are at elevated risk for influenza-related medical complications.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus claims database in two stages. In Stage 1, we identified patients with evidence of medically-attended influenza during influenza seasons from October 1, 2014 to May 31, 2018 (latest available data for Stage 1) and used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify patient characteristics that predicted 30-day influenza-related hospitalization. The findings from Stage 1 informed high-risk subgroups of interest for Stage 2, where we selected cohorts of influenza patients during influenza seasons from October 1, 2014 to March 1, 2019 and used 1:1 propensity score matching to patients without influenza with similar high-risk characteristics to compare influenza-attributable rates of all-cause hospital and emergency department (ED) visits during follow-up (30-day and in the index influenza season).

Results
In Stage 1, more than 1.6 million influenza cases were identified, of which 18,509 (1.2%) had a hospitalization. Elderly age was associated with 9 times the odds of hospitalization (≥65 years vs. 5–17 years; OR = 9.4, 95% CI 8.8–10.1) and select comorbidities were associated with 2–3 times the odds of hospitalization. In Stage 2, elderly influenza patients with comorbidities had 3 to 7 times higher 30-day hospitalization rates compared to matched patients without influenza, including patients with congestive heart failure (41.0% vs.7.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (34.6% vs. 6.1%), coronary artery disease (22.8% vs. 3.8%), and late-stage chronic kidney disease (44.1% vs. 13.1%; all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The risk of influenza-related complications is elevated in the elderly, especially those with certain underlying comorbidities, leading to excess healthcare resource utilization. Continued efforts, beyond currently available vaccines, are needed to reduce influenza burden in high-risk populations.