bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Methodology for Quantitation of Dictamnine and Fraxinellone and its Application to Study Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability in Rats Via Oral and Intravenous Administration
Authors: Chen Mengchun , Shen Xiuwei , Yang Xuewei , Yin Qingqing , Tian Dongyan , Li Li , Lu Cuitao , Ye Cen Jie-Nuo , Chen Yijie , Yan Linzhi , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The pharmacological activities of dictamnine and fraxinellone have been well reported; however, only a few studies have focused on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of concomitant delivery of these drugs in vivo. To shed light on this neglected area, we developed a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method that quantified the levels of dictamnine and fraxinellone simultaneously in rat plasma. This method was initiated by a one-step protein precipitation strategy to purify plasma samples collected from rats treated with either oral or intravenous administration of dictamnine and fraxinellone. The mobile phase contained acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid at a steady flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. As a result, an excellent analyte peak resolution was achieved, and the entire process took only 3 min per sample. The results were indicative of the desired linearity (r2 ≥ 0.999), precision (RSD% was within 15%), accuracy (RE% was within 15%), recoveries (≥80.66 and 68.15% for dictamnine and fraxinellone, respectively) and matrix effects (≥94.66 and 91.37% for dictamnine and fraxinellone, respectively). Additionally, the detectable limits of these two compounds were both low even when they reached 5 ng/mL. Taken together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability properties of concomitant delivery of dictamnine and fraxinellone.
Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Technique to Quantify Cefdinir in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)
Authors: Alam Md Tauquir , Mujtaba Md Ali , Hussain Afzal , Ali Abuzer , Imran Mohd , Barkat Md Abul , Abdel-Gawad Sherif A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A biosensitive analysis method development and validation was performed for accurate and rapid quantification of cefdinir (CDR) in human plasma by a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique coupled with electrospray ionization. Analysis was carried out using a C18 column with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and operating temperature of 30.0 ± 1°C. The drug was eluted by optimizing the m/z ratios of 396.20 → 227.20 and 428.17 → 241.10, for cefdinir and IS (internal standard), respectively. The intraday precision (%CV) for Cefdinir ranged from 2.8% and 6.7% as lower limit of quantification of quality control (LLOQ QC) and higher level of quantification of quality control (HQC QC), respectively, whereas these value were found to be as 3.0% and 5.6% for LLOQ and HQC, respectively after interday precision. Moreover, accuracy ranged from 107.70% (HQC QC) to 95.5% (LLOQ QC). The extraction mean recovery was found to be 83.91 ± 6.0% for cefdinir and 76.7 ± 6.23% for IS. The drug was stable throughout the analysis period. It was possible to analyze several plasma samples every day since each sample took &lt;2.5 min to run. The method demonstrated successful quantification of CDR in human plasma, followed by pharmacokinetic profiles that were simple, accurate, sensitive and cost-effective.
What dietary interventions have been tested in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? A systematic scoping review
Authors: Forsyth Faye , Mulrennan Sandra , Burt Jenni , Hartley Peter , Kuhn Isla , Lin Helen , Mant Jonathan , Tan Sapphire , Zhang Roy , Deaton Christi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine what dietary interventions have been tested in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the modulation method, and outcomes employed and to summarize any evidence for benefit.Methods and resultsWe performed key word searches in five bibliographic databases from 2001 to 2021, to identify randomized or experimental dietary interventions tested in HFpEF or mixed heart failure (HF) samples. Study characteristics were summarized according to population, intervention, comparator, outcome categories and intervention complexity was assessed. Twenty-five clinical investigations were retrieved; only 10 (40%) were conducted exclusively in HFpEF; the remainder enrolled mixed HF samples. Most studies employed either highly tailored prescribed diets (n = 12, 48%) or dietary supplementation (n = 10, 40%) modalities. Dietary pattern interventions (n = 3, 12%) are less well represented in the literature.ConclusionHeterogeneity made pooling studies challenging. Better reporting of baseline characteristics and the use of standardized HF lexicon would ensure greater confidence in interpretation of studies involving mixed HF populations. The field would benefit greatly from explicit reporting of the biological mechanism of action (e.g. the causal pathway) that an intervention is designed to modulate so that studies can be synthesized via their underlying mechanism of action by which diet may affect HF. An extension of the current set of core outcomes proposed by the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association would ensure dietary clinical endpoints are more consistently defined and measured.RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42019145388.
Day–night cycle of seismic noise HVSR and comparison with body waves andTwaves
Authors: La Rocca Mario , Chiappetta Giuseppe Davide 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYWe analysed long (months) continuous recordings of ground motion at more than 30 sites in Calabria (Italy) in order to investigate the relationships among background signal amplitude, noise composition, day–night cycle and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR). We computed the root mean square (rms), polarization and HVSR of the seismic signal. For many sites, the HVSR contains at least one well-defined peak of amplitude greater than 2 that is representative of site effects produced by the shallow geological structure and/or topography. At six of the investigated sites, we observe an important variation of the HVSR peak amplitude that is well correlated with the day–night cycle, the peak amplitude being greater during day hours, when the background signal amplitude is higher. The rectilinearity of particle motion computed from the polarization analysis is higher during day hours, thus showing a positive correlation with both signal rms and HVSR peak amplitude. For these sites we analysed also body waves of local earthquakes and T waves produced by regional earthquakes in order to compute the HVSR of signals composed predominantly by body waves. Results of body waves and T waves are more similar to the HVSR of day hour seismic noise than the HVSR of night hour seismic noise, thus suggesting that the stronger seismic noise recorded during day hour may contain a greater amount of body waves with respect to the night hour noise.
Buy me: the effect of leaders’ perceived personality abroad on consumption of their national products
Authors: Balmas Meital , Atia Renana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA substantial body of research has investigated consumer perceptions of a product based on the country where it originated (CoO). Such judgments have been shown to fluctuate due to a number of factors, among them changes in political conditions. The current research shows that a key factor in CoO-based evaluations of products is the image of respective national leaders. In two experimental studies, conducted in the United States, we found that exposure to a news article that positively (vs. negatively) characterizes a foreign leader led to more positive perceptions of that leader’s country; more positive evaluations of products and brands manufactured there; and thereby also to greater willingness to purchase these products. The results amply demonstrate that the news coverage of modern leaders can significantly affect their national trade, and that therefore the responsibility they carry may extend beyond their official role as political figures.
A Nazi Rescuer? Fritz Schellhorn and the Contested Memory of the Holocaust in Romania
Authors: Fisher Gaëlle 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This study addresses the role of Fritz Schellhorn, the German consul in Cernăuţi (Czernowitz), Romania before and during World War II. Recently Schellhorn has been presented as a rescuer of Jews during the Holocaust. Based largely on Schellhorn’s papers in the German Foreign Office Archives, some have argued that it was not, as previously believed, the wartime mayor and Righteous Among the Nations Traian Popovici, but Schellhorn, who prevented the deportation of 20,000 of Cernăuţi’s Jews by the Romanians during World War II. The following suggests that Schellhorn occupied a more ambivalent position. First, it argues that his actions should be considered in light of power and interethnic relations in the region. Second, it shows that Schellhorn’s legacy includes a decades-long struggle to obstruct the compensation of many Romanian Holocaust survivors by West Germany. Emphasizing Romania’s sole responsibility for the crimes, Schellhorn engaged in a range of postwar interactions—sometimes public, sometimes hostile—with Jewish survivors he had helped and others he had not. The article thus examines Schellhorn’s wartime and postwar activities anew. For one thing, it places these against the backdrop of the Holocaust in Romania’s particular dynamics and contested aftermath. But beyond this, it contributes to the debate over the static labels used to categorize people’s behaviors during the Holocaust and thereby explores the wider and complex links between history, memory, and reckoning.
Comparative Acceptability of Therapeutic Maintenance Regimens in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Nationwide ACCEPT2 Study
Authors: Buisson Anthony , Serrero Mélanie , Orsat Laurie , Nancey Stéphane , Rivière Pauline , Altwegg Romain , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Nachury Maria , Hébuterne Xavier , Gilletta Cyrielle , Flamant Mathurin , Viennot Stéphanie , Bouguen Guillaume , Amiot Aurélien , Mathieu Stéphane , Vuitton Lucine , Plastaras Laurianne , Bourreille Arnaud , Caillo Ludovic , Goutorbe Félix , Pineton De Chambrun Guillaume , Attar Alain , Roblin Xavier , Pereira Bruno , Fumery Mathurin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOwing to growing number of therapeutic options with similar efficacy and safety, we compared the acceptability of therapeutic maintenance regimens in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsFrom a nationwide study (24 public or private centers), IBD patients were consecutively included for 6 weeks. A dedicated questionnaire including acceptability numerical scales (ANS) ranging from 0 to 10 (highest acceptability) was administered to both patients and related physicians.ResultsAmong 1850 included patients (65.9% with Crohn’s disease), the ANS were 8.68 ± 2.52 for oral route (first choice in 65.8%), 7.67 ± 2.94 for subcutaneous injections (first choice in 21.4%), and 6.79 ± 3.31 for intravenous infusions (first choice in 12.8%; P &lt; .001 for each comparison). In biologic-naïve patients (n = 315), the most accepted maintenance regimens were oral intake once (ANS = 8.8 ± 2.2) or twice (ANS = 6.9 ± 3.4) daily and subcutaneous injections every 12 or 8 weeks (ANS = 7.9 ± 3.0 and ANS = 7.2 ± 3.2, respectively). Among 342 patients with prior exposure to subcutaneous biologics, the preferred regimens were subcutaneous injections (≥2 week-intervals; ANS between 9.1 ± 2.3 and 8.1 ± 2.7) and oral intake once daily (ANS = 7.7 ± 3.2); although it was subcutaneous injections every 12 or 8 weeks (ANS = 8.4 ± 3.0 and ANS = 8.1 ± 3.0, respectively) and oral intake once daily (ANS = 7.6 ± 3.1) in case of prior exposure to intravenous biologics (n = 1181). The impact of usual therapeutic escalation or de-escalation was mild (effect size &lt;0.5). From patients’ acceptability perspective, superiority and noninferiority cutoff values should be 15% and 5%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough oral intake is overall preferred, acceptability is highly impacted by the rhythm of administration and prior medication exposures. However, SC treatment with long intervals between 2 injections (≥8 weeks) and oral intake once daily seems to be the most accepted modalities.
Diagnostic Performance of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Ultrasensitive Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Screening Among Pregnant Women in Kenya
Authors: Samuels Aaron M , Towett Oliver , Seda Brian , Wiegand Ryan E , Otieno Kephas , Chomba Miriam , Lucchi Naomi , Ljolje Dragan , Schneider Kammerle , Walker Patrick G T , Kwambai Titus K , Slutsker Laurence , ter Kuile Feiko O , Kariuki Simon K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Screen-and-treat strategies with sensitive diagnostic tests may reduce malaria-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a diagnostic accuracy study to evaluate new point-of-care tests to screen pregnant women for malaria at their first antenatal visit in western Kenya.

Methods
Consecutively women were tested for Plasmodium infection by expert microscopy, conventional rapid diagnostic test (cRDT), ultra sensitive RDT (usRDT), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Photoinduced electron-transfer polymerase chain reaction (PET-PCR) served as the reference standard. Diagnostic performance was calculated and modelled at low parasite densities.

Results
Between May and September 2018, 172 of 482 screened participants (35.7%) were PET-PCR positive. Relative to PET-PCR, expert microscopy was least sensitive (40.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 32.7%–47.9%), followed by cRDT (49.4%; 95% CI, 41.7%–57.1), usRDT (54.7%; 95% CI, 46.9%–62.2%), and LAMP (68.6%; 95% CI, 61.1%–75.5%). Test sensitivities were comparable in febrile women (n = 90). Among afebrile women (n = 392), the geometric-mean parasite density was 29 parasites/µL and LAMP (sensitivity = 61.9%) and usRDT (43.2%) detected 1.74 (95% CI, 1.31–2.30) and 1.21 (95% CI, 88–2.21) more infections than cRDT (35.6%). Per our model, tests performed similarly at densities &gt;200 parasites/µL. At 50 parasites/µL, the sensitivities were 45%, 56%, 62%, and 74% with expert microscopy, cRDT, usRDT, and LAMP, respectively.

Conclusions
This first-generation usRDT provided moderate improvement in detecting low-density infections in afebrile pregnant women compared to cRDTs.
Activity of mecillinam against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Emeraud Cécile , Godmer Alexandre , Girlich Delphine , Vanparis Océane , Mahamdi Fériel , Creton Elodie , Jousset Agnès B , Naas Thierry , Bonnin Rémy A , Dortet Laurent 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite the fact that carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) mostly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), only few studies have focused on the efficacity of mecillinam against these CRE.

Objectives
To evaluate the mecillinam susceptibility of a huge collection of CRE, including carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) and non-CPE (ESBL and AmpC producers with decreased permeability of the outer membrane).

Methods
A total of 8310 non-duplicate clinical CRE, including 4042 OXA-48-like producers, 1094 NDM producers, 411 VIM producers, 174 KPC producers, 42 IMI producers, 153 multiple-carbapenemase producers and 45 isolates producing other types of carbapenemases (such as IMP-like enzymes or GES-5), were included in the study. WGS was performed on all CPE using Illumina technology. Categorization of susceptibility to mecillinam was performed using disc diffusion (mecillinam discs at 10 μg; I2A, France) according to EUCAST recommendations. The results were interpreted according to EUCAST guidelines (S ≥15 mm).

Results
Significantly higher susceptibility rates were observed for carbapenem-resistant Proteus spp. (85%) and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (84%), which are the two most common species responsible for UTIs, than for Klebsiella pneumoniae (67%), Enterobacter cloacae complex (75%), Citrobacter spp. (65%), Serratia spp. (34%) and Morganella morganii (12%). Susceptibility rates were 84%, 71% and 91% for OXA-48-like, NDM and IMI producers and 70% for non-CPE CRE. Mecillinam was less active against VIM and KPC producers (14% and 0%, respectively).

Conclusions
Mecillinam might be an alternative for the treatment of infections due to CRE, particularly UTIs, except for VIM and KPC producers and for M. morganii and Serratia spp species.
A Phytophthora effector promotes homodimerization of host transcription factor StKNOX3 to enhance susceptibility
Authors: Zhou Jing , Qi Yetong , Nie Jiahui , Guo Lei , Luo Ming , McLellan Hazel , Boevink Petra C , Birch Paul R J , Tian Zhendong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Oomycete pathogens secrete hundreds of cytoplasmic RxLR effectors to modulate host immunity by targeting diverse plant proteins. Revealing how effectors manipulate host proteins is pivotal to understanding infection processes and to developing new strategies to control plant disease. Here we show that the Phytophthora infestans RxLR effector Pi22798 interacts in the nucleus with a potato class II knotted-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factor, StKNOX3. Silencing the ortholog NbKNOX3 in Nicotiana benthamiana reduces host colonization by P. infestans, whereas transient and stable overexpression of StKNOX3 enhances infection. StKNOX3 forms a homodimer which is dependent on its KNOX II domain. The KNOX II domain is also essential for Pi22798 interaction and for StKNOX3 to enhance P. infestans colonization, indicating that StKNOX3 homodimerization contributes to susceptibility. However, critically, the effector Pi22798 promotes StKNOX3 homodimerization, rather than heterodimerization to another KNOX transcription factor StKNOX7. These results demonstrate that the oomycete effector Pi22798 increases pathogenicity by promoting homodimerization specifically of StKNOX3 to enhance susceptibility.
On the asymptotic behaviour of cosmic density-fluctuation power spectra
Authors: Konrad Sara , Bartelmann Matthias 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the small-scale asymptotic behaviour of the cosmic density-fluctuation power spectrum in the Zel’dovich approximation. For doing so, we extend Laplace’s method in arbitrary dimensions and use it to prove that this power spectrum necessarily develops an asymptotic tail proportional to k−3, irrespective of the cosmological model and the power spectrum of the initial matter distribution. The exponent −3 is set only by the number of spatial dimensions. We derive the complete asymptotic series of the power spectrum and compare the leading and next-to-leading-order terms to derive characteristic scales for the onset of non-linear structure formation, independent of the cosmological model and the type of dark matter. Combined with earlier results on the mean-field approximation for including particle interactions, this asymptotic behaviour is likely to remain valid beyond the Zel’dovich approximation. Due to their insensitivity to cosmological assumptions, our results are generally applicable to particle distributions with positions and momenta drawn from a Gaussian random field. We discuss an analytically solvable toy model to further illustrate the formation of the k−3 asymptotic tail.
Why most molecular clouds are gravitationally dominated
Authors: Ramírez-Galeano Laura , Ballesteros-Paredes Javier , Smith Rowan J , Camacho Vianey , Zamora-Avilés Manuel 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Observational and theoretical evidence suggests that a substantial population of molecular clouds (MCs) appear to be unbound, dominated by turbulent motions. However, these estimations are made typically via the classical virial parameter $\alpha _{\rm vir}^{\rm class}$, which is an observational proxy to the virial ratio between the kinetic and the gravitational energy. This parameter intrinsically assumes that MCs are isolated, spherical, and with constant density. However, MCs are embedded in their parent galaxy and thus are subject to compressive and disruptive tidal forces from their galaxy, exhibit irregular shapes, and show substantial substructure. We, therefore, compare the typical estimations of $\alpha _{\rm vir}^{\rm class}$ to a more precise definition of the virial parameter, $\alpha _{\rm vir}^{\rm full}$, which accounts not only for the self-gravity (as $\alpha _{\rm vir}^{\rm class}$), but also for the tidal stresses, and thus, it can take negative (self-gravity) and positive (tides) values. While we recover the classical result that most of the clouds appear to be unbound, having $\alpha _{\rm vir}^{\rm class}\gt 2$, we show that, with the more detailed definition considering the full gravitational energy, (i) 50 per cent of the total population is gravitationally bound, however, (ii) another 20 per cent is gravitationally dominated, but with tides tearing them apart; (iii) the source of those tides does not come from the galactic structure (bulge, halo, spiral arms), but from the molecular cloud complexes in which clouds reside, and probably (iv) from massive young stellar complexes, if they were present. (v) Finally, our results also suggest that, interstellar turbulence can have, at least partially, a gravitational origin.
Intrinsic tension in the supernova sector of the local Hubble constant measurement and its implications
Authors: Wojtak Radosław , Hjorth Jens 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We reanalyse observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) and Cepheids used in the local determination of the Hubble constant and find strong evidence that SN standardization in the calibration sample (galaxies with observed Cepheids) requires a steeper slope of the colour correction than in the cosmological sample (galaxies in the Hubble flow). The colour correction in the calibration sample is consistent with being entirely due to an extinction correction due to dust with properties similar to those of the Milky Way (RB ≈ 4.6 ± 0.4) and there is no evidence for intrinsic scatter in the SN peak magnitudes. An immediate consequence of this finding is that the local measurement of the Hubble constant becomes dependent on the choice of SN reference colour, i.e. the colour of an unreddened SN. Specifically, the Hubble constant inferred from the same observations decreases gradually with the reference colour assumed in the SN standardization. We recover the Hubble constant measured by SH0ES for the standard choice of reference colour (SALT2 colour parameter c = 0), while for a reference colour that coincides with the blue end of the observed SN colour distribution (c ≈ −0.13), the Hubble constant from Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) [assuming a flat Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model] is recovered. These results are intriguing in that they may provide an avenue for resolving the Hubble tension. However, since there is no obvious physical basis for the differences in colour corrections in the two SN samples, the origin of these requires further investigation.