bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giving birth in the Murrumbidgee region: A quantitative and qualitative approach to general practice obstetrics in a rural region
Authors: Telford Megan , Harding Catherine , Stewart Ian , McGirr Joe , Seal Alexa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is public concern regarding rural workforce shortages and closure of smaller obstetric centres.AimTo identify whether safety is a concern for Murrumbidgee hospitals that fit primary medical care models and ascertain general practitioner (GP) obstetricians’ perspectives regarding the benefits and challenges to practising in the region.DesignMixed‐method retrospective analysis of selected outcomes in the NSW Mothers and Babies Reports 2012–2015 and semi‐structured interviews with GP obstetricians.SettingMurrumbidgee Local Health District.Main outcome measuresEvaluation of the safety of smaller hospitals (i.e. discharge status at birth, neonatal resuscitation and admission to intensive care); and iterative thematic analysis.ResultsThis study provides evidence that smaller hospitals are providing safe obstetric care. Fewer babies were transferred, with fewer stillbirths, at the smaller hospitals and no difference in newborn deaths. There were more normal vaginal births in the smaller hospitals (70.0%) than in Wagga Wagga Base Hospital (57.2%) or Griffith Base Hospital (58.6%). There were fewer neonatal resuscitations in the smaller hospitals than in Wagga Wagga Base Hospital or Griffith Base Hospital. More than one‐quarter of babies were admitted into the special care/neonatal intensive care for both Wagga Wagga and Griffith Base Hospitals; however, the rate was <3% in the smaller hospitals (p < 0.001). GPs were overwhelmingly positive about the professional rewards of GP obstetric practice and the importance of continuity of care, despite barriers such as workforce shortages, loss of facilities and other staff (midwives and anaesthetists). Possible solutions included fostering support systems, proactive succession planning and improving training support.ConclusionsGP obstetricians are providing a valuable, safe service in MLHD with both personal and community benefits.
Can double‐effect reasoning justify lethal organ donation?
Authors: Omelianchuk Adam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dead donor rule (DDR) prohibits retrieval protocols that would be lethal to the donor. Some argue that compliance with it can be maintained by satisfying the requirements of double‐effect reasoning (DER). If successful, one could support organ donation without reference to the definition of death while being faithful to an ethic that prohibits intentionally killing innocent human life. On the contrary, I argue that DER cannot make lethal organ donation compatible with the DDR, because there are plausible ways it fails DER's requirements. A key takeaway is that the theories of intention and proportionality assumed in DER matter for its plausibility as a constraint on practical reasoning.
Can “My Body, My Choice” anti‐vaxxers be pro‐life?
Authors: Rulli Tina , Campbell Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany “anti‐vaxxers” oppose COVID‐19 vaccination mandates on the grounds that they wrongfully infringe on bodily autonomy. Their view has been expressed with the slogan “My Body, My Choice,” co‐opted from the pro‐choice abortion rights movement. Yet, many of those same people are pro‐life and support abortion restrictions that are effectively a kind of gestation mandate. Both vaccine and gestation mandates impose restrictions on bodily autonomy in order to prevent serious harms. This article evaluates the defensibility of the anti‐vax pro‐life position. We argue that the case for opposing gestation mandates on grounds of bodily autonomy is much stronger than the case for opposing vaccine mandates—even if fetuses have full moral status. Thus, there is a deep tension in being a pro‐life, COVID anti‐vaxxer concerned with bodily autonomy.
Outcomes of daratumumab in the treatment of multiple myeloma: A retrospective cohort study from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database
Authors: LeBlanc Richard , Mian Hira , Reece Donna , Masih‐Khan Esther , Kardjadj Moustafa , Jimenez‐Zepeda Victor H. , McCurdy Arleigh , Song Kevin , Sebag Michael , Louzada Martha , White Darrell , Stakiw Julie , Kotb Rami , Reiman Anthony , Aslam Muhammad , Gul Engin , Venner Christopher P. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryDaratumumab (dara) has significantly altered the therapeutic landscape of multiple myeloma (MM), especially in the relapsed setting. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of dara‐containing regimens in the Canadian real‐world setting among relapsed and refractory MM available within the national Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database (CMRG‐DB). A total of 583 MM patients who received dara‐based therapy in second‐line or later treatment were included. After a median follow‐up of 17.5 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort were 13.1 and 32.9 months, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 23.5 and 49.1 months in second‐line treatment and decreased to 12.8 and 43.0 months in third‐line and 7.0 and 20.5 months in fourth‐line treatment respectively. Dara in monotherapy with or without corticosteroids after a median of four prior lines of therapy resulted in a median PFS of 3.9 months and a median OS of 17.1 months. The addition of bortezomib, lenalidomide or pomalidomide to dara resulted in an improved median PFS and OS of 8.3 and 26.2 months; 26.8 and 43.0 months; and 9.7 and 31.4 months respectively. These retrospective data from the CMRG‐DB suggest that outcomes are superior when dara is used in combination and in earlier lines of treatment.
Does weight loss lead to improvement of dermatological conditions: what is the evidence?
Authors: Rout Arpita , Das Anupam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObese and overweight individuals may have a wide spectrum of cutaneous features and can have more severe manifestations of multiple dermatological conditions. There have been multiple expert opinions on the role of weight loss, in the improvement of skin conditions. There have been few studies over the past decade evaluating the effects of exercise and other modes of weight reduction on various dermatoses such as psoriasis, acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa and acanthosis nigricans. In this review, we have attempted to provide a summary of the beneficial effects of weight loss on various dermatological conditions.
Lone parenthood in the COVID‐19 context: Israeli single gay fathers' perspective
Authors: Tsfati Maya , Segal‐Engelchin Dorit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on Israeli single gay fathers, using the Stress Process Model (SPM) as a framework to investigate their fathering experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Thematic analysis of 15 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with Israeli single gay fathers during the third national lockdown revealed that their parenting experiences during the pandemic were shaped by both COVID‐related stress exposure and interpersonal resources, which the fathers viewed as interactive. These fathers described three main pandemic‐specific stressors: financial insecurity and workplace transformation, feelings of loneliness and isolation and health‐related fears. Our findings highlight the cumulative effects of these stressors on the fathers' well‐being. The fathers also described the ways in which their interpersonal resources (i.e., social networks and strengthened relationship with their children during the pandemic) facilitated their coping with the pandemic‐related stressors. The study highlights the need for social workers to recognize the emerging family forms and to broaden their approach to parents during a time of ongoing community crisis, by addressing the differential effects on parents in diverse family structures.
Gaussian Process for Radiance Functions on the Sphere
Authors: Marques R. , Bouville C. , Bouatouch K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEfficient approximation of incident radiance functions from a set of samples is still an open problem in physically based rendering. Indeed, most of the computing power required to synthesize a photo‐realistic image is devoted to collecting samples of the incident radiance function, which are necessary to provide an estimate of the rendering equation solution. Due to the large number of samples required to reach a high‐quality estimate, this process is usually tedious and can take up to several days. In this paper, we focus on the problem of approximation of incident radiance functions on the sphere. To this end, we resort to a Gaussian Process (GP), a highly flexible function modelling tool, which has received little attention in rendering. We make an extensive analysis of the application of GPs to incident radiance functions, addressing crucial issues such as robust hyperparameter learning, or selecting the covariance function which better suits incident radiance functions. Our analysis is both theoretical and experimental. Furthermore, it provides a seamless connection between the original spherical domain and the spectral domain, on which we build to derive a method for fast computation and rotation of spherical harmonics coefficients.
Association of residual inflammatory risk with stroke recurrence in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Liu Huihui , Wang Mengxing , Xiang Xianglong , Pan Yuesong , Li Jiejie , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Li Zixiao , Jing Jing , Wang Yongjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to explore the association of residual inflammatory risk (RIR) with stroke recurrence after an index acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.MethodsThis study was based on the Third China National Stroke Registry. A total of 5840 patients with two high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) measurements at baseline and at 3 months were included in the analysis. High RIR was defined as an hsCRP ≥3 mg/l. Patients were divided into four groups: persistent high RIR (first high then high hsCRP), attenuated RIR (first high then low hsCRP), increased RIR (first low then high hsCRP) and persistent low RIR (first low then low hsCRP). The primary outcome was new stroke onset during the 1‐year follow‐up. Secondary outcomes included composite vascular events, all‐cause mortality and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 3–6).ResultsDuring the 1‐year follow‐up, 523 (9.0%) patients had stroke recurrence. Patients with persistent high RIR had an increased risk of stroke recurrence (hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval 1.39, 1.08–1.78), compared with those with persistent low RIR. Similar results were found for the outcome of composite vascular events, mortality and poor functional outcome. An increased risk of stroke recurrence was further found in patients with persistent high RIR and intracranial artery stenosis or large‐artery atherosclerosis stroke subtype.ConclusionsIn patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, persistent high RIR increased the risks of 1‐year stroke recurrence, especially in those with intracranial artery stenosis or large‐artery atherosclerosis subtype, composite vascular events, mortality and poor functional outcome.
Therapeutic potentials of melatonin in the treatment of lymphoma: A review of current evidence
Authors: Moradian Farid , Pourhanifeh Mohammad Hossein , Mehrzadi Saeed , Karimi‐Behnagh Arman , Hosseinzadeh Azam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHematological malignancies including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma are known as leading causes of death around the world. Despite all developments in cancer management, current therapeutic methods are still relatively inefficient, leading to the heavy financial burdens for public health systems. Strategic attempts in clinical practice must be based on three serious goals including (1) increasing the efficacy of treatments and decreasing their side‐effects; (2) decreasing financial price of treatments and related morbidity and mortality rates; and (3) improving life quality and survival of affected patients. Melatonin, a multipotential neurohormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland, has recently been shown to play essential roles in the treatment of various human diseases. Moreover, it possesses anticancer impacts and acts through regulation of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this article, we review mechanistic roles and beneficial effects of melatonin against hematological cancers, especially lymphoma.
The micromechanics‐based rate‐dependent constitutive model of flawed rocks at intermediate strain rate
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Yang Haiqing , Berto Filippo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the previous works conducted by Zhou and Yang, the deformation induced by wing crack coalescence was not investigated. In this paper, a novel micromechanics‐based rate‐dependent constitutive model is proposed to investigate the effect of wing crack coalescence on the mechanical properties of rocks at intermediate strain rate. The rate‐dependent damage mechanism is revealed using the frictional sliding crack model. Wing crack interaction is defined using pseudo‐traction method as well as the dynamic stress intensity factors. Strain energy density factor approach is applied to determine the critical condition of wing crack initiation, propagation, and coalescence. The strain softening behaviors of flawed rocks is studied by using thermodynamic theory.
Resist‐accept‐direct (RAD) considerations for climate change adaptation in fisheries: The Wisconsin experience
Authors: Feiner Zachary S. , Shultz Aaron D. , Sass Greg G. , Trudeau Ashley , Mitro Matthew G. , Dassow Colin J. , Latzka Alexander W. , Isermann Daniel A. , Maitland Bryan M. , Homola Jared J. , Embke Holly S. , Preul Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDecision‐makers in inland fisheries management must balance ecologically and socially palatable objectives for ecosystem services within financial or physical constraints. Climate change has transformed the potential range of ecosystem services available. The Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) framework offers a foundation for responding to climate‐induced ecosystem modification; however, ecosystem trajectories and current practices must be understood to improve future decisions. Using Wisconsin's diverse inland fisheries as a case study, management strategies for recreational and subsistence fisheries in response to climate change were reviewed within the RAD framework. Current strategies largely focus on resist actions, while future strategies may need to shift toward accept or direct actions. A participatory adaptive management framework and co‐production of policies between state and tribal agencies could prioritise lakes for appropriate management action, with the goal of providing a landscape of diverse fishing opportunities. This knowledge co‐production represents a process of social learning requiring substantial investments of funding and time.
Gastric organoids: Advancing the study of H. pylori pathogenesis and inflammation
Authors: Idowu Sulaimon , Bertrand Paul P. , Walduck Anna K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor decades, traditional in vitro and in vivo models used for the study of Helicobacter pylori infection have relied heavily on the use of gastric cancer cell lines and rodents. Major challenges faced by these methods have been the inability to study cancer initiation in already cancerous cell lines, and the difficulty in translating results obtained in animal models due to genetic differences. These challenges have prevented a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and slowed the development of cancer therapies and a suitable vaccine against the pathogen. In recent years, the development of gastric organoids has provided great advantages over the traditional in vivo and in vitro models due to their similarities to the human stomach in vivo, their ease of use, and the capacity for long‐term culture. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of existing in vivo and in vitro models of H. pylori infection, and how gastric organoids have been applied to study H. pylori pathogenesis, with a focus on how the pathogen interacts with the gastric epithelium, inflammatory processes, epithelial repair, and cancer initiation. The potential applications of organoids to address more complex questions on the role of hormones, vaccine‐induced immunity are also discussed.
THE INTERGENERATIONAL MORTALITY TRADE‐OFF OF COVID‐19 LOCKDOWN POLICIES
Authors: Ma Lin , Shapira Gil , de Walque Damien , Do Quy‐Toan , Friedman Jed , Levchenko Andrei A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn lower‐income countries, the economic contractions that accompany lockdowns to contain COVID‐19 transmission can increase child mortality, counteracting the mortality reductions achieved by the lockdown. To formalize and quantify this effect, we build a macrosusceptible‐infected‐recovered model that features heterogeneous agents and a country‐group‐specific relationship between economic downturns and child mortality and calibrate it to data for 85 countries across all income levels. We find that in some low‐income countries, a lockdown can produce net increases in mortality. The optimal lockdown that maximizes the present value of aggregate social welfare is shorter and milder in poorer countries than in rich ones.
Effects of oxide addition on structure and properties of WC–10Co cemented carbide obtained by in situ synthesized powder
Authors: Deng Xiao‐Chun , Wang Kai‐Fei , Zhang Guo‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombining spray drying and in situ synthesized technology, WC–10Co cemented carbide with uniform composition was prepared by vacuum sintering. The effects of Al2O3 and additions of different rare‐earth oxides (La2O3, Y2O3 and CeO2) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–10Co were investigated. As the Al2O3 content increased from .5 to 2 wt%, the hardness of the sintered sample increased, whereas the relative density and fracture toughness decreased. Compared with the addition of .5 wt% Al2O3, the WC–10Co alloy with .5 wt% rare‐earth oxides had higher hardness. In addition, compared with the alloy without an inhibitor (.80 μm), after adding .5 wt% Al2O3, La2O3, Y2O3 and CeO2, the WC grain sizes were reduced to .73, .65, .71 and .62 μm, respectively, which indicated that the addition of Al2O3 and rare‐earth oxides could refine WC grain during sintering. Among these additives, CeO2 had the best effect. With the addition of .5 wt% CeO2, the hardness and the fracture toughness increased from 1299 to 1710 HV30 and from 16.18 to 18.90 MPa m1/2, respectively.
The prevalence and influencing factors for compassion fatigue among nurses in Fangcang shelter hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhan Yuxin , Liu Yunfang , Chen Yi , Liu Huan , Zhang Wenya , Yan Rong , Yu Jiaohua , Li Suyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWe aim to investigate the prevalence and associated factors for compassion fatigue among nurses in Fangcang Shelter Hospitals in Wuhan. Studies have shown that compassion fatigue was more common among nurses than other health‐care providers, and its predictors were also different. In recent years, most studies have investigated compassion fatigue in emergency and oncology nurses, whereas there is little information on compassion fatigue among nurses from the frontline of Fangcang Shelter Hospitals during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional design was used in this study. An online survey was conducted among nurses (n = 972) of five Fangcang Shelter Hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, from 6 March to 10 March 2020. A self‐administered questionnaire including demographic information, work‐related information, General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and Compassion Fatigue Scale was used.ResultsThe prevalence of compassion fatigue among nurses in Fangcang Shelter Hospitals was moderate, and most cases were mild. There was a significant relationship between compassion fatigue and work‐related factors, mental health and perceived stress among nurses working in Fangcang Shelter Hospitals.ConclusionsVarious factors contribute to compassion fatigue, including lower job satisfaction and job adaptability, less praise from patients, more fear of infection and more perceived stress. A good working atmosphere, organizational support and psychological consultation are essential to alleviate nurses' compassion fatigue during the anti‐epidemic period.
The attitudes of young citizens in higher education towards universal basic income in the context of automation—A qualitative study
Authors: Herke Boglárka , Vicsek Lilla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the primary reasons for introducing the discussion about universal basic income (UBI) into political debate was to understand whether UBI could serve a good response to the negative consequences of technology‐driven job replacement. It is also a question whether citizens would accept UBI. Based on 30 interviews with Hungarian university students, we investigate the attitudes of young citizens to the introduction of UBI in a hypothetical scenario, situated in 2060, when technological unemployment is high. Interviewees expressed optimistic views about the future labour market and dismissed the scenario, preferring the option of job‐creation. Students claimed that people would become useless members of society by not working, which argument echoes the Hungarian government's discourse about the need for work‐based society. Students also stressed that work gives meaning to life. These narratives show a traditional understanding of work that might inhibit advocates from increasing social support for UBI.
Biotyping, virulotyping and biofilm formation ability of ESBL-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from nosocomial infections
Authors: Ahmed Heba A. , Ibrahim Eman H. S. , Abdelhaliem Ekram , Elariny Eman Y. T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, molecular characterization, virulence genes, resistance genes and antimicrobial profile of nosocomial extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Klebsiella species. A total of 22 (12.2%) K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 180 clinical samples collected from hospitalized patients in Egypt. K. pneumoniae biotypes were B1 (72.8%), B3 (13.6%) and B4 (13.6%). The isolates were classified for the capsular serotypes, 86.4% (20/22) were of K1 serotype, while only two isolates (13.64%) were of K2 serotype. Hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae isolates accounted for 68.2%. Biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae was determined by microtitre plate method. The majority of the isolates (40.9%) were moderate biofilm producers, while 27.3% were strong biofilm producers. All K. pneumoniae strains were positive for fimH and traT genes, while magA was identified in only 63.6% of the isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates (n = 22) was determined by the disc diffusion technique using 23 different antibiotics. Streptomycin and imipenem are the most effective antibiotics against 22 tested K. pneumoniae isolates with sensitivity rates of 63.64% and 54.54% respectively. All tested K. pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to amoxicillin∕clavulanate (100%), cefuroxime (100%) and ceftazidime (95.45%). Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) production and the presence of ESBL-related genes were tested in the isolates. All the isolates tested positive for blaVIM, NDM1 and blaTEM, while only 81.8 %tested positive for the blaSHV gene. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae causing nosocomial infections limits the use of antimicrobial agents for treatment. Furthermore, the spread of biofilm, multiple drug resistant and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates is a public threat for hospitalized patients.