bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex, acoustic space and vowel centralization in Bogota Spanish
Authors: Correa Alejandro 
Published: November 2022

The present study analyses sex-specific differences in acoustic vowel space area (VSA), formant centralization ratio (FCR) and vowel dispersion in Bogota Spanish. In addition, we explore the relationship between speaking fundamental frequency (f0), an acoustic parameter that conveys speaker sex information, and VSA.
Results suggest that, in line with previous research, females have a larger VSA than males. However, some speakers produce vowels that show the opposite pattern to the gender stereotype. Formant centralization and vowel dispersion are related to individual phonetic differences and vowel type respectively. Finally, results show that speakers with a higher average f0 also have larger vowel spaces.
Rhus longipes (Engl.) infusions improve glucose metabolism and mitigate oxidative biomarkers in ferrous sulfate-induced renal injury
Authors: Beseni Brian K. , Olofinsan Kolawole A. , Salau Veronica F. , Erukainure Ochuko L. , Islam Md. Shahidul 
Published: November 2022

Objective:To explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities ofRhus longipes (R. longipes)leaf and stem bark aqueous infusions.Methods:R. longipesleaf and stem bark infusions were characterizedviagas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.In vitroantioxidant and carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzyme inhibitory activities ofR. longipesinfusions were determined. Additionally, the modulatory effects ofR. longipesinfusions on intestinal glucose absorption, muscle glucose uptake, and biomarkers of renal oxidative injury were evaluated. Molecular docking was performed to determine the binding affinities of the identified compounds from the leaf and stem bark infusions on carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes.Results:GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytocompounds, including palmitoleic acid, octadecanamide, 24,25-dihydroxyvitaminDandL-ascorbic acid. The bark infusion had significantly higher total phenolic contents compared with the leaf infusion, with better DPPH scavenging [IC50: (10.50±1.03) ±g/mL] and ferric reducing [IC50: (9.85±0.32) ±g/mL] activities (P<0.05). BothR. longipesinfusions at their highest concentrations significantly increased glucose uptake in yeast suspension and rat psoas muscle with marked suppression of glucose absorption in the rat jejunum (P<0.05). With no cytotoxicity on Vero cells, the infusions lowered lipid peroxidation, increased cellular reduced glutathione concentration, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in renal homogenate treated with FeSO4.Conclusions:R. longipesshows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for diabetes.
Inhibition mechanisms of secretome proteins from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 and Lactococcus lactis Gh1 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Authors: Zainal Baharin Nurul Hana , Khairil Mokhtar Nur Fadhilah , Mohd Desa Mohd Nasir , Dzaraly Nurul Diana , Muthanna Abdul Rahman , Al-Obaidi Mazen M. Jamil , Yuswan Mohd Hafis , Abbasiliasi Sahar , Rahmad Norasfaliza , Wan Nur Ismah Wan Ahmad Kamil , Hashim Amalia Mohd , Mustafa Shuhaimi 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 (Kp10) and Lactococcus lactis Gh1 (Gh1) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).

Methods:
The sensitivity and viability of MRSA and VRE treated with secretome proteins of Kp10 and Gh1 were determined using minimal inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and time-to-kill assays. The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of secretome protein of Kp10 and Gh1 against MRSA and VRE, 2D gel proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was run by comparing upregulated and downregulated proteins, and the proton motive force study including the efflux of ATP, pH gradient, and the membrane potential study were conducted.

Results:
MRSA and VRE were sensitive to Kp10 and Gh1 secretome protein extracts and displayed apparent morphological and internal composition changes. Several proteins associated with cellular component functions were either downregulated or upregulated in treated MRSA and VRE by changing the membrane potential gradient.

Conclusions:
Kp10 and Gh1 secretome proteins reduce the growth of VRE and MRSA by damaging the cell membrane. Cell division, cell wall biosynthesis, and protein synthesis are involved in the inhibition mechanism.
Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Tension-Type Headache and Migraine
Authors: Saloni Gupta , Deepak Goel , Preeti Mishra , Shobit Garg , Tushar Singhal 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Headache is one of the most common conditions troubling nearly 68% of the world's population. Tension-type headache (TTH) & migraine are the most common forms of classical headaches, which is nowadays mostly neglected, associated with frequent, severe pain and significant functional impairment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is a non-invasive, painless brain stimulation treatment that uses direct electrical currents to stimulate specific parts of the brain. Various studies demonstrated tDCS as a valued device to treat neuropsychiatric conditions such as chronic headache & associated anxiodepressive condition.

Objective:
The aim of this the current review was to evaluate the effectiveness of tDCS in the management of TTH and Migraine. Results generated from various studies for the effectiveness of tDCS in TTH & Migraine.

Methods:
We programmed our search strategy, to identify studies pertaining to use of tDCS and pain management in TTH & migraine, within the Database of the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, & various author manuscripts in PMC, MEDLINE, EMBASE, NLM, PsycINFO, Other indexed citations from inception to December 2021 and potentially relevant studies.

Outcomes:
The outcomes of interest include: Effective pain management, in terms of headache intensity, frequency, its episodes, associated depression, anxiety, in target population prioritised by the individual reviews. The evidences were mapped and synthesised with appropriate health problem, patient subgroups, intervention type, context and outcome.

Conclusions:
We found a significant reduction of pain intensity in patients receiving tDCS treatment, also the pain intensity and duration were significantly improved from baseline after tDCS treatment and during a follow-up period. There was a significant reduction of pain intensity by both anodal and cathodal stimulation conditions, with noteworthy decrease in episodic headaches equally by both 1mA and 2mA current intensities. The aforementioned works support the utility of tDCS in the pain management of TTH and migraine offering a hope for patients with this debilitating disease. However, the review shows promising results in the pain management by tDCS, but the included studies must be analysed critically since most of them were pilot studies, with some having adapted an open-label design.
Comparison of Efficacy of Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block Using Ropivacaine Versus Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine Versus Ropivacaine with Dexamethasone for Acute Pain Relief in Patients with Femoral Fractures
Authors: Arora Kishore Kumar , Pauranik Ritu , Mittal Minanshu 
Published: November 2022

Context:
Landmark-guided fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) has been used in operation theater to facilitate patient position before administration of subarachnoid block, but its utilization is yet to be explored in the accident and emergency department for acute pain relief in patients with femoral fractures.

Aims:
The study aims to compare dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to ropivacaine for FICB for onset and duration of analgesia.

Settings and Designs:
This was a prospective randomized controlled study performed in Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore.

Subjects and Methods:
Ninety patients with femoral factures were allocated into three groups, and each group received 15 ml of study drug; (i) ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine (RD) group (0.2% ropivacaine with 50 μg dexmedetomidine), (ii) ropivacaine with dexamethasone (RM) group (0.2% ropivacaine with 4 mg dexamethasone), and (iii) ropivacaine alone (RP) group (0.2% ropivacaine). Patients were assessed for onset, duration of analgesia, and need for rescue analgesic. Severity of pain was assessed using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Comparison of means of three groups was done using One-Way ANOVA and pair-wise comparisons using post hoc Tukey's test.

Results:
The onset of analgesia was earlier in Group RD at 4.38 min followed by Group RM at 4.45 min and Group RP at 7.86 min, whereas the duration of analgesia was longer in Group RD at 725 min followed by Group RM at 594 min and Group RP at 275 min. NRS Score was comparable before application of FICB. After the block, the mean NRS score in Group RD was 3.83, in Group RM was 5.30, and in Group RP was 7.93.

Conclusions:
FICB is an effective alternative to intravenous opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute pain relief in patients with femoral fractures, and dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone can be used as adjuvants to ropivacaine as they both enhance quality of block.
Effect of Adjunctive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Headache Disability in Episodic Frequent or Chronic Tension-Type Headache
Authors: Gupta Saloni , Goel Deepak , Garg Shobit , Tikka Sai Krishna , Mishra Preeti , Tyagi Priya 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Literature suggests that non-pharmacological treatments like non-invasive brain stimulation and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may be used as augments in the management of Tension-Type Headache (TTH).

Aims and Objectives:
To assess the efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) on headache-related disability and the psychological impact of headache on life of patients suffering from TTH.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty right-handed TTH patients HDI (headache disability index) > 30 were randomly allocated to group A (tDCS + TAU), group B (CBT + TAU), and group C (TAU). While the primary outcome measure was headache related disability (Headache Disability Index(HDI)), somatic symptoms (Somatic Symptom Severity (SSS-8)), anxiety & depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Assessments were done at baseline, end of the third and sixth month.

Results:
We found a statistically significant reduction in HDI (F=12.419, p <0.001), SSS-8 (F=4.587, p=0.010), and HADS-anxiety (F=4.810, p=0.002). tDCS showed better efficacy than CBT, while these two were significantly better than TAU on HDI and SSS-8. On HADS-A also both tDCS and CBT were better than TAU, but showed no significant difference between them.

Conclusion:
Supplementing non-pharmacological techniques like tDCS and CBT will be effective in reducing headache-related disability and associated psychological symptoms.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices of Chronic Pain Among Uttarakhand Patients
Authors: Saini Kirtika Yadav , Gupta Namrata , Kumar Ajit 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Chronic pain is a silent pandemic with a prevalence varying from 15% to 30% globally. Yet there is widespread ignorance among health professionals as well as society. We conducted this institution-based study among chronic pain patients with the aim to know their awareness and knowledge about chronic pain and pain physicians. The gist of this study can help us in future to bridge the gap and create mindfulness among the masses regarding chronic pain.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and seventy-three people with chronic pain were questioned about their knowledge and awareness of chronic pain through a questionnaire comprising eight questions.

Results:
Out of 273 participants, 84.62% took treatment for chronic pain. Yet only 2% consulted pain physicians. 62.64% and 73.63% had no idea about chronic pain being a disease in itself and pain physicians, respectively. All the illiterate participants were unaware of the presence of pain specialists and 89.47% of them were ignorant of the sound effects of physical activities in treating chronic pain conditions.

Conclusion:
The majority of the participants were not aware that chronic pain can be a disease in itself and that there are pain physicians who specialize in treating this condition. However, most of them had an idea about the beneficial effects of performing daily physical activities. Furthermore, the level of education had an impact with illiterates having the least insight about the participants. These lacunae can be improved by educating people, creating more awareness, and further encouraging pain services.
Impacts of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt on Hearing Threshold and Speech Discrimination Among Hydrocephalic Children
Authors: Abdelhafeez Marwa , Elbeltagy Reem 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) in children with hydrocephalus (HCP) and to assess the impact of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt on their hearing threshold and speech discrimination percentage.

Methodology:
This was a case–control study. A total of 20 children who experienced HCP and 20 healthy controls were recruited. All participants in the study were subjected to a systematic clinical examination including otomicroscopic, audiometric (Pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry), and tympanometric examination before and after VP shunt.

Results:
The mean age ± standard deviation for the HCP children and the control group was 5.4 ± 0.994 and 5.8 ± 1.196 years, respectively. The prevalence of HL in hydrocephalic children was 40%, and they had raising mild-to-moderate sensorineural HL. Children with HCP (preoperative) had a statistically significantly higher pure-tone threshold at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz than the control group. They also had a statistically significantly lower speech discrimination percentage than the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative groups in pure-tone thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. There is also a statistically significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative groups in speech discrimination percentage.

Conclusion:
Early diagnosis in children with HCP is important. The results of the current study add further evidence of hearing impairment in hydrocephalic children and improvement in hearing after shunt operation. Auditory assessment is highly recommended for all hydrocephalic children as a routine examination.
Ossiculoplasty Outcome Parameter Staging Index as a Prognostic Factor in Ossiculoplasty
Authors: Ahmed Aftab , Khan Danish Ahmad , Sharma Satish Chandra 
Published: November 2022

Aims:
To evaluate the prognostic value of Ossiculoplasty Outcome Parameter Staging (OOPS) index with reference to the audiological outcome in the patients undergoing ossiculoplasty.

Study Design:
A prospective study.

Setting:
A tertiary referral hospital.

Subjects:
The study comprised 118 patients suffering from chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma.

Materials and Methods:
Ossiculoplasty was done by autologous incus interposition, partial ossicular prosthesis, and total ossicular prosthesis. Temporalis fascia graft was used for myringoplasty in all the patients. When partial ossicular replacement prosthesis or total ossicular replacement prosthesis was used a thin slice of cartilage was interposed between graft and prosthesis. The mastoidectomy was performed when needed, and whenever possible, a canal wall-up procedure was performed.

Results:
The short-term (measured after 3 and 6 months of surgery) and long-term (measured at 1 and 2 years after surgery) outcome of ossiculoplasty measured as a relationship between mean audiological gain and OOPS index score had a statically significant difference.

Conclusion:
The OOPS index is an appropriate prognostication index to predict accurately both the short- and long-term outcome of ossiculoplasty.
The New Staging System for Computed Tomography Evaluation of Chronic Otitis Media And Mastoiditis
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen , Ta Quyen Le 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To predict risks for complications and determine the type of operation, several studies developed the grading system based on clinical assessment. However, there is no evidence regarding the score for tomographic opacification and bone erosion of temporal bone on computed tomography (CT) scan. Therefore, the aim of this study was primarily to design a new computerized tomography staging system for the evaluation of chronic otitis media (COM) and mastoiditis.

Materials and Methods:
Between August 1, 2020, and December 30, 2021, 40 patients with the clinical diagnosis of COM (males and females) have received temporal bone CT scans at medical institutions. The patients were retrospectively evaluated and verified the correlation of the score of CT imaging in preoperative evaluation with the clinical picture and surgical planning. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA analysis, and Spearman's correlation test were employed to evaluate the accumulated data. The P values were calculated for all tests and its outcome <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
There are significant correlations between the total score and the size of perforation, the type of surgical intervention, and low-frequency air-bone gap (ABG) (P < 0.05) while no correlation between the total score and high-frequency ABG was revealed.

Conclusion:
The abnormal landmarks of the temporal bone are presented, and scored systematically and there is an excellent way to analyze and make a decision not only in diagnosis but also in the choice of surgical intervention.
Status of the Mastoid Antrum and the Eustachian Tube Function in Cases of Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Khan Farhat , Deshmukh Prasad T , Gaurkar Sagar 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Chronic otitis media (COM) is now synonymous with chronic suppurative otitis media, which is not actively used since COM is seldom associated with “the collection of pus.” Acute suppuration of the ear which transcends 6 weeks is considered to be COM which suggests an abnormality of the ear drum. With a prevalence incidence of 1%, Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction is among the most important factors in the development of COM. Recently, mastoid air cells have been acknowledged as an essential compounding factor for the pathogenesis of middle ear disease. Since ET, mastoid air cell system, and nasopharyngeal mass like adenoids can play a pivotal role in the causation and persistence of COM, the current study will be taken to observe the status of ET, mastoid air cells system, nasopharynx in general, and adenoids in particular in patients of COM.

Aim:
This study aims to study the status of the mastoid antrum on surgical exploration, the status of ET, and nasopharynx for adenoids in patients of large, subtotal perforation, and posterosuperior retraction pockets (PSRPs).

Study Design:
This study was an observational, cross-sectional study.

Study Setting:
All the patients with large, subtotal perforation, and PSRPs visiting the Outpatient Department and Inpatient Department of ENT in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) between 2022 and 2023 will be studied.

Methods:
All the selected patients of large, subtotal perforation, and posterosuperior retraction pocket (PSRP) in the age bracket of 15–65 years and satisfying the inclusion criteria will be considered and accrued in this study. We plan to look at a sample size of 50 patients (50 ears). Diagnostic nasal video endoscopy to get insight into ET function, size, and grade of adenoids by grading system given by Cassano et al. and pure-tone audiometry by ALPS AD2000 to know the type and amount of hearing loss will be carried out. Status of the mastoid antrum, the extent of the disease, status of ossicles, and associated abnormalities of temporal bone along with any other incidental findings will be noted intraoperatively.

Expected Results:
The data will be tabulated, analyzed statistically, and will be discussed in the context of existing research.

Conclusion:
The purpose of the present study is to help the surgeon have a better insight into the status of the mastoid antrum, ET in cases of large and subtotal perforation, and PSRP and nasopharynx in general with significance to adenoids in patients of COM in rural area.
Relationship between Blood Pressure Variables (Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Pulse Pressure, and Mean Arterial Pressure) and Left Atrial Measurements Among Hypertensive Subjects in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Henry Aiwuyo Osarume , Umuerri Ejiroghene Martha , Ogbomo Aisosa , Osarenkhoe John Osaretin , Obasohan Austine Osemwegie 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Hypertension is known to impact significant changes on the heart causing left ventricle diastolic dysfunction which precedes a sequel of anatomical and functional changes in the left atrium. Since hypertension remains the leading cause of diastolic dysfunction in the heart, it is expedient to determine how changes in the blood pressure of patients relate to measures of left atrial (LA) indices.

Aims and Objectives:
to determine how changes in blood pressure parameters relate to measures in LA indices.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional appraisal of 200 hypertensive patients and 100 normotensive controls (matched for age and sex in a 2:1 ratio) using electrocardiography and echocardiography. Participants were recruited from the cardiology clinics in Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Oghara.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 58.7 ± 13.96 (58.42 ± 13.29 for hypertensives and 59.26 ± 15.27 for controls) years, while the median age was 59 years. The female-to-male ratio was 1.06 among cases and 1.27 among the controls. The LA size (volumes and linear diameter) was significantly larger in the hypertensive group compared to the control arm. LA maximum volume correlated significantly with average systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. LA pre A wave volume and LA minimum volume correlated significantly with average systolic blood pressure and pulse pressures.

Conclusion:
Hypertensive patients have larger LA volumes than normotensive controls. The size of the left atrium relates positively with blood pressure variables.