bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening to children's voices in UK sports clubs: A Foucauldian analysis
Authors: Everley Suzanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganisations funded by Sport England or UK Sport must work towards achieving standards for safeguarding and protecting children in sport as set by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children's Child Protection in Sport Unit (CPSU) and encourage a culture of listening to children. The present research was commissioned by the NSPCC CPSU to understand the practices of UK sports clubs regarding this objective. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through the national governing bodies of sport working with the CPSU. Some 64 clubs/squads representing 6,000+ juniors (under 18 years) responded. Quantitative data were analysed using simple statistics and qualitative data were themed utilising Foucault's theory of power and following Braun and Clark's six‐phase guide. Discourse, hierarchical judgement and docility were considered with reference to formal management and cultural environments. Semantic and latent themes were explored. The themes identified were: expectation awareness, reframing voice and preserving discourse. Clubs recognise the value of listening to children. However, existing power relations valorise adult knowledge fields over the experiences of juniors. Technology could provide an effective solution as it is remote, potentially anonymous and culturally accessible. As power is a productive force, problematisation of organisational culture could centralise children's voices and limit/prevent abuse.
Electronic Effect or Underpotentially Deposited Hydrogen? Insights into the effect of Pb on formic acid electro‐oxidation on Pt
Authors: Roychowdhury Dwaipayan , Veenu  , Ranjan Chinmoy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFormic acid is a promising energy carrier. Electrochemical formic acid oxidation can serve as an important reaction within fuel cells. Although Pt remains the best‐known catalyst, surface adatoms like Pb have been known to promote formic acid electro‐oxidation significantly. We have carried out first principle‐based calculations, bonding analysis, and experiments to provide insights for this enhancement. Results show that upon adsorption of Pb on the Pt surface, an upshift of Pt energy levels above the Fermi energy is observed, which in general influences the binding energy of the adsorbates. Reaction free energy vs. electrochemical potential diagrams were constructed to understand the interaction of formic acid and water with Pt and Pb‐modified Pt surfaces. Electrochemical experiments indicating the underpotentially deposited hydrogen (Hupd) region and potential‐dependent apparent activation energies indicate that Hupd suppression has an important role to play in the formic acid oxidation reaction. The suppression of the Hupd region on Pb‐modified Pt surface results in free Pt sites that can carry out direct formic acid oxidation to CO2.
High‐Efficiency and Long‐life Synergetic Dual‐Oxide/Zeolite Catalyst for Direct Conversion of Syngas into Aromatics
Authors: Fang Yue , Sheng Haibing , Huang Zhen , Yue Yinghong , Hua Weiming , Shen Wei , Xu Hualong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDirect conversion of syngas to aromatics over metal oxide‐zeolite (OX‐ZEO) composite catalysts is a novel route for efficient utilization of carbon resources. To realize a high activity with considerable selectivity to aromatics and stability, the design of synergetic OX‐ZEO catalyst to meet complex kinetics still remains a great challenge. In this work, a synergetic dual‐oxide/zeolite catalyst was developed to tune the coupling between CO and H2 activation through active H species migration, by adopting ZnZrOx oxide with stable single‐layer Zn−O structure for H2 activation and CeZrOx oxide with abundant oxygen vacancies as the CO activation component. The ratio and the proximity of CeZrOx and ZnZrOx is essential for the catalyst activity and stability. The optimal catalyst 1CeZrOx‐2ZnZrOx/Z5@Si shows a superior catalytic performance with 75.6 % aromatics selectivity at a CO conversion as high as 57.5 %. After induction period, the catalyst exhibits excellent stability for 1100 h, keeping the high selectivity above 75 % with an average conversion of 43 %. This work will provide a new perspective to design a high performance and long‐life OX‐ZEO composite catalyst for direct conversion of syngas to high value chemicals.
Allergen immunotherapy during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A survey of the German Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Hamelmann Eckard , Klimek Ludger , Taube Christian , Vogelberg Christian , Wagenmann Martin , Werfel Thomas , Worm Margitta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID‐19) emerged, concerns were also raised regarding the safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). The German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) conducted a survey to collect real‐world data on the daily routine of administering subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) and sublingual AIT (SLIT) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA web‐based retrospective survey using the online platform survio with 26 standardized questions was used to survey physicians treating allergic patients during the pandemic.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐five physicians who regularly offer and perform AIT in German‐speaking countries responded to the questions. 70.4% of the respondents stated that they regularly initiated and dosed up SCIT for inhalant allergies (41.4% venom‐SCIT, 73.6% SLIT), and 85.2% of the respondents stated that they continued SCIT for inhalant allergies during the maintenance phase in a regular way (59.1% venom‐SCIT, 90.4% SLIT) in healthy patients without current symptoms indicating an infection with COVID‐19. With regard to tolerability, there was no evidence for increased occurrence of adverse events in patients without current symptoms of COVID‐19 infection during the pandemic.ConclusionsThis retrospective study demonstrated adherence to national and international position papers of AIT during the COVID‐19 pandemic in German‐speaking countries. Besides, the survey has confirmed a good tolerability of AIT for both SCIT and SLIT.
Non‐Newtonian blood rheology impacts left atrial stasis in patient‐specific simulations
Authors: Gonzalo Alejandro , García‐Villalba Manuel , Rossini Lorenzo , Durán Eduardo , Vigneault Davis , Martínez‐Legazpi Pablo , Flores Oscar , Bermejo Javier , McVeigh Elliot , Kahn Andrew M. , del Alamo Juan C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe lack of mechanically effective contraction of the left atrium (LA) during atrial fibrillation (AF) disturbs blood flow, increasing the risk of thrombosis and ischemic stroke. Thrombosis is most likely in the left atrial appendage (LAA), a small narrow sac where blood is prone to stagnate. Slow flow promotes the formation of erythrocyte aggregates in the LAA, also known as rouleaux, causing viscosity gradients that are usually disregarded in patient‐specific simulations. To evaluate these non‐Newtonian effects, we built atrial models derived from 4D computed tomography scans of patients and carried out computational fluid dynamics simulations using the Carreau–Yasuda constitutive relation. We examined six patients, three of whom had AF and LAA thrombosis or a history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We modeled the effects of hematocrit and rouleaux formation kinetics by varying the parameterization of the Carreau–Yasuda relation and modulating non‐Newtonian viscosity changes based on residence time. Comparing non‐Newtonian and Newtonian simulations indicates that slow flow in the LAA increases blood viscosity, altering secondary swirling flows and intensifying blood stasis. While some of these effects are subtle when examined using instantaneous metrics like shear rate or kinetic energy, they are manifested in the blood residence time, which accumulates over multiple heartbeats. Our data also reveal that LAA blood stasis worsens when hematocrit increases, offering a potential new mechanism for the clinically reported correlation between hematocrit and stroke incidence. In summary, we submit that hematocrit‐dependent non‐Newtonian blood rheology should be considered when calculating patient‐specific blood stasis indices by computational fluid dynamics.
LUNG group 2 innate lymphoid cells as a new adjuvant target to enhance intranasal vaccine efficacy against influenza
Authors: Williams Clare M , Roy Sreeja , Sun Wei , Furuya Andrea M , Wijesundara Danushka K , Furuya Yoichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are a relatively new class of innate immune cells. Lung ILC2 are early responders that secrete type 2 cytokines in response to danger ‘alarmin’ signals such as interleukin (IL)‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Being an early source of type 2 cytokines, ILC2 are a critical regulator of type 2 immune cells of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune regulatory functions of ILC2 were mostly investigated in diseases where T helper 2 inflammation predominates. However, in recent years, it has been appreciated that the role of ILC2 extends to other pathological conditions such as cancer and viral infections. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of lung ILC2 in the induction of mucosal immunity against influenza virus infection and discuss the potential utility of ILC2 as a target for mucosal vaccination.
The IL‐21‐TET2‐AIM2‐c‐MAF pathway drives the T follicular helper cell response in lupus‐like disease
Authors: Wu Haijing , Deng Yaxiong , Long Di , Yang Ming , Li Qianwen , Feng Yu , Chen Yongjian , Qiu Hong , Huang Xin , He Zhenghao , Hu Longyuan , Yin Heng , Li Guangdi , Guo Yunkai , Du Wenhan , Zhao Ming , Lu Liwei , Lu Qianjin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves T follicular helper (TFH) cell‐mediated humoral immune responses. Absent in melanoma 2 (human AIM2 and murine Aim2) is a well‐known component of the inflammasome in the innate immune system. Surprisingly, we observed that in SLE patients, upregulated levels of AIM2 expression were found in peripheral blood and skin lesions, with the highest levels detected in TFH‐like cells. In the CD4creAim2fl/fl conditional knockout mice, a markedly reduced TFH cell response was observed, with significantly lower levels of serum autoantibodies and proteinuria, as well as profoundly reduced renal IgG deposition in pristane‐induced lupus mice. Mechanistically, IL‐21 was found to recruit hydroxymethyltransferase ten‐eleven translocation 2 (TET2) to the AIM2 promoter, resulting in DNA demethylation and increased transcription of AIM2. In addition, AIM2 could regulate c‐MAF expression to enhance IL‐21 production, which consequently promoted TFH cell differentiation. Our results have identified a role of AIM2 in promoting the TFH cell response and further revealed that the IL‐21‐TET2‐AIM2‐c‐MAF signalling pathway is dysregulated in lupus pathogenesis, which provides a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
Functional diversity regulates the effects of habitat degradation on biocrust phylogenetic and taxonomic diversities
Authors: Concostrina‐Zubiri Laura , Prieto María , Hurtado Pilar , Escudero Adrián , Martínez Isabel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiocrusts are major contributors to dryland diversity, functioning, and services. However, little is known about how habitat degradation will impact multiple facets of biocrust diversity and measurable functional traits. We evaluated changes in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of biocrust‐forming lichens along a habitat degradation gradient related to the presence of linear infrastructure (i.e., a road) and a profound agricultural driven transformation. To do so, we selected 50 remnants of a Mediterranean shrubland. We considered several surrogates of habitat quality and causal disturbance on the various diversity facets of biocrusts by using structural equation modeling, hypothesizing that habitat degradation primarily affects functional diversity, which in turn regulates changes in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities, and also that taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities are coupled. Fragment connectivity, distance to linear infrastructure (i.e., a road) and, particularly, soil fertility (i.e., soil P concentration), had mostly negative effects on biocrust functional diversity, which in turn affected both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities. However, we found no direct effects of habitat degradation variables on the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities. We also found that increases in phylogenetic diversity had a positive effect on taxonomic diversity along the habitat degradation gradient. Our results indicate that functional diversity of biocrusts is strongly affected by habitat degradation, which may profoundly alter their contribution to ecosystem functioning and services. Furthermore, functional diversity regulates the response of biocrust taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity to habitat degradation. These findings indicate that habitat degradation alters and simplifies the diversity of functional traits of biocrust‐forming lichens, leading to biodiversity loss, with important consequences for the conservation of global drylands biodiversity.
Suspicion, screening, and diagnosis of wild‐type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bay Katrine , Gustafsson Finn , Maiborg Michael , Bagger‐Bahnsen Anne , Strand Anne Mette , Pilgaard Trine , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWild‐type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTRwt CM) is a more common disease than previously thought. Awareness of ATTRwt CM and its diagnosis has been challenged by its unspecific and widely distributed clinical manifestations and traditionally invasive diagnostic tools. Recent advances in echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), non‐invasive diagnosis by bone scintigraphy, and the development of disease‐modifying treatments have resulted in an increased interest, reflected in multiple publications especially during the last decade. To get an overview of the scientific knowledge and gaps related to patient entry, suspicion, diagnosis, and systematic screening of ATTRwt CM, we developed a framework to systematically map the available evidence of (i) when to suspect ATTRwt CM in a patient, (ii) how to diagnose the disease, and (iii) which at‐risk populations to screen for ATTRwt CM. Articles published between 2010 and August 2021 containing part of or a full diagnostic pathway for ATTRwt CM were included. From these articles, data for patient entry, suspicion, diagnosis, and screening were extracted, as were key study design and results from the original studies referred to. A total of 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, five were position statements from academic societies, while one was a clinical guideline. Three articles discussed the importance of primary care providers in terms of patient entry, while the remaining articles had the cardiovascular setting as point of departure. The most frequently mentioned suspicion criteria were ventricular wall thickening (44/50), carpal tunnel syndrome (42/50), and late gadolinium enhancement on CMR (43/50). Diagnostic pathways varied slightly, but most included bone scintigraphy, exclusion of light‐chain amyloidosis, and the possibility of doing a biopsy. Systematic screening was mentioned in 16 articles, 10 of which suggested specific at‐risk populations for screening. The European Society of Cardiology recommends to screen patients with a wall thickness ≥12 mm and heart failure, aortic stenosis, or red flag symptoms, especially if they are >65 years. The underlying evidence was generally good for diagnosis, while significant gaps were identified for the relevance and mutual ranking of the different suspicion criteria and for systematic screening. Conclusively, patient entry was neglected in the reviewed literature. While multiple red flags were described, high‐quality prospective studies designed to evaluate their suitability as suspicion criteria were lacking. An upcoming task lies in defining and evaluating at‐risk populations for screening. All are steps needed to promote early detection and diagnosis of ATTRwt CM, a prerequisite for timely treatment.
Detecting spontaneous deception in the brain
Authors: Feng Yen‐Ju , Hung Shao‐Min , Hsieh Po‐Jang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeception detection can be of great value during the juristic investigation. Although the neural signatures of deception have been widely documented, most prior studies were biased by difficulty levels. That is, deceptive behavior typically required more effort, making deception detection possibly effort detection. Furthermore, no study has examined the generalizability across instructed and spontaneous responses and across participants. To explore these issues, we used a dual‐task paradigm, where the difficulty level was balanced between truth‐telling and lying, and the instructed and spontaneous truth‐telling and lying were collected independently. Using Multivoxel pattern analysis, we were able to decode truth‐telling versus lying with a balanced difficulty level. Results showed that the angular gyrus (AG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and postcentral gyrus could differentiate lying from truth‐telling. Critically, linear classifiers trained to distinguish instructed truthful and deceptive responses could correctly differentiate spontaneous truthful and deceptive responses in AG and IFG with above‐chance accuracy. In addition, with a leave‐one‐participant‐out analysis, multivoxel neural patterns from AG could classify if the left‐out participant was lying or not in a trial. These results indicate the commonality of neural responses subserved instructed and spontaneous deceptive behavior as well as the feasibility of cross‐participant deception validation.
Testing a digitally distributed method to recruit a network of community organizations to fight the consequences of the drug epidemic: A study in 13 American states
Authors: Jung Haesung , Sunderrajan Aashna , Durantini Marta , Sanchez Edgardo , Windsor Liliane , Chan Man‐Pui Sally , O'Brien Thomas , Fayaz Farkhad Bita , Karan Alex , Lee Carol A. , Kwon Soonhyung , Albarracín Dolores 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo mitigate the opioid epidemic, a concerted effort to educate, prevent, diagnose, treat, and engage residents is required. In this study, a digitally distributed method to form a large network of organizations was tested with 99 counties in regions with high vulnerability to hepatitis C virus (HCV). The method involved a cascade of contacts going from email to phone calls, to videoconferencing and measuring the number of contacts required, amount of time taken, and the proportion of success at recruiting at least one community organization per county. A recruitment period of 5 months and 2118 contact attempts led to the recruitment of organizations from 73 out of our 99 target counties. Organizations belonging to health departments required more attempts and time to recruit but ultimately enrolled at higher rates than did other organizations such as coalitions and agencies. Organizations from counties more (vs. less) vulnerable to HCV outbreaks required more attempts to recruit and, using multiple recruitment methods (e.g., emails, phone calls, and Zoom meetings), improved enrollment success. Overall, this method proved to be successful at remotely engaging a large‐scale network of communities with different levels of risk within a large geographic region.
Tough and Fatigue Resistant Cellulose Nanocrystal Stitched Ti3C2Tx MXene Films
Authors: Usman Ken Aldren S. , Bacal Christine Jurene O. , Zhang Jizhen , Qin Si , Lynch Peter A. , Mota‐Santiago Pablo , Naebe Minoo , Henderson Luke C. , Hegh Dylan Y. , Razal Joselito M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTi3C2Tx MXene (or “MXene” for simplicity) has gained noteworthy attention for its metal‐like electrical conductivity and high electrochemical capacitance—a unique blend of properties attractive toward a wide range of applications such as energy storage, healthcare monitoring, and electromagnetic interference shielding. However, processing MXene architectures using conventional methods often deals with the presence of defects, voids, and isotropic flake arrangements, resulting in a trade‐off in properties. Here, a sequential bridging (SB) strategy is reported to fabricate dense, freestanding MXene films of interconnected flakes with minimal defects, significantly enhancing its mechanical properties, specifically tensile strength (≈285 MPa) and breaking energy (≈16.1 MJ m–3), while retaining substantial values of electrical conductivity (≈3050 S cm–1) and electrochemical capacitance (≈920 F cm–3). This SB method first involves forming a cellulose nanocrystal‐stitched MXene framework, followed by infiltration with structure‐densifying calcium cations (Ca2+), resulting in tough and fatigue resistant films with anisotropic, evenly spaced, and strongly interconnected flakes — properties essential for developing high‐performance energy‐storage devices. It is anticipated that the knowledge gained in this work will be extended toward improving the robustness and retaining the electronic properties of 2D nanomaterial‐based macroarchitectures.
Mining and Competing Sovereignties in New Caledonia
Authors: Le Meur Pierre‐Yves , Levacher Claire 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTMining, especially nickel mining, has a long history in New Caledonia and cannot be separated from the trajectory of this territory as a settler colony. However, the construction of mining as a political stake and resource in the New Caledonian public arenas has come surprisingly late, only emerging explicitly in the 1990s as pro‐independence parties pushed the issue to the fore in their negotiations with the French state and anti‐independence parties. Nickel mining and processing became part of the claim for sovereignty in the form of a ‘resource nationalism’ discourse. This paper discusses the multi‐layered nature of sovereignty through the theoretical propositions of Richard Joyce on ‘competing sovereignties’ (2013) to illustrate both the complexities of a decolonization situation that has lasted for 20 years and the challenges posed to sovereignty by mining.
Social adaptation can reduce the strength of social–ecological feedbacks from ecosystem degradation
Authors: Bartelet Henry A. , Barnes Michele L. , Zoeller Kim C. , Cumming Graeme S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Feedbacks between people and ecosystems are central to the study of social–ecological systems (SES) but remain poorly understood. It is commonly assumed that changes in ecosystems leading to a reduction in ecosystem services will trigger human responses that seek to restore service provision. Other responses are possible, however, but remain less studied.

We evaluated the effect of environmental change, specifically the degradation of coral reefs, on the supply of and demand for a cultural ecosystem service (CES); that is, recreation. We found that declines in coral cover reduced demand for recreational ecosystem services but had no apparent effect on the benefits received from recreation.

While this finding seems counter‐intuitive given previous experimental data that suggest ecosystem quality affects people's satisfaction, our analysis suggests that social adaptation could have mediated the anticipated negative impact of environmental change on CES benefits. We propose four mechanisms that may explain this effect and that require further research: spatial diversification; (service) substitution; shifting baselines; and time‐delayed effects.

Our findings emphasize the importance of human culture and perception as influences on human responses to environmental change, and the relevance of the more subjective elements of social systems for understanding social–ecological feedbacks.

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