bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BoALG10, an α-1,2 glycosyltransferase, plays an essential role in maintaining leaf margin shape in ornamental kale
Authors: Feng Xin , Yang Xinru , Zhong Meiqin , Li Xin , Zhu Pengfang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe morphological diversity of leaf margin shapes is an identifying characteristic of many plant species. In our previous work, BoALG10 (α-1,2 glycosyltransferase) was predicted to be a key regulator of leaf margin shape in ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). An alanine and a leucine residue in the conserved domain of the smooth-margined S0835 were replaced by an aspartate and a phenylalanine, respectively, in the corresponding positions of the feathered-margined F0819. However, the expression pattern and function of this gene remain unclear. Here, we examined the expression patterns of BoALG10 using quantitative real-time PCR, and found that statistically significant differences in expression existed between F0819 and S0835 in nine developmental stages. The BoALG10 protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The function of BoALG10 was then examined using complementary mutant assays. The overexpression strains phenocopied the smooth leaf margin after introduction of BoALG10S0835 into the feathered-margined inbred line F0819. Simultaneously, irregular dissections appeared in the leaf margins of knockout mutants KO-1 and KO-2, which were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology from the smooth-margined inbred line S0835. Microscopic observation showed that the leaf margin cells of the smooth-margined plants S0835 and OE-3 were arranged regularly, while the cells of the feathered-margined plants F0819 and KO-1 were of inconsistent size and distributed in an irregular manner, particularly around the indentations of the leaf. This elucidation of BoALG10 function provides a novel insight into the morphological regulation of leaf margin shape.
Weak Approximation for del Pezzo Surfaces of Low Degree
Authors: Demeio Julian , Streeter Sam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe prove, via an “arithmetic surjectivity” approach inspired by work of Denef, that weak weak approximation holds for surfaces with two conic fibrations satisfying a general assumption. In particular, weak weak approximation holds for general del Pezzo surfaces of degrees $1$ or $2$ with a conic fibration.
Mosquito Diversity in an Experimental Township in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Visa Shalini P , Shriram A N , Elango A , Natarajan R , Vijayakumar B , Raju K H K , Dengel Lucas , Gunasekaran K , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo glean more information on mosquito diversity and distribution in Auroville, a cross-sectional study was carried out by mapping the distribution of water bodies and habitats supporting immature stages on the one hand and the distribution of water bodies/habitats supporting mosquito immature stages on the other. A satellite image covering an area of 8.08 km2 was overlaid with a grid of 500 × 500 m. Fifteen modules were selected and the area of each module served as the sampling site for the entomological survey. Adult and larval stages were sampled. Diversity indices were analyzed to compare mosquito diversity. Rarefaction estimations were used to compare abundance and richness of the mosquito species between different zones. In total, 750 mosquito larvae and 84 resting adults were sampled. Eighteen species of mosquitoes belonging to 11 subgenera and 7 genera were documented. Genera included Aedes (Johann Wilhelm Meigen 1818, Diptera, Culicidae), Anopheles (Johann Wilhelm Meigen 1818, Diptera, Culicidae), Armigeres (Theobald 1901, Diptera, Culicidae), Culex (Carl Linnaeus 1758, Diptera, Culicidae), Lutzia (Theobald 1903, Diptera, Culicidae), and Mimomyia (Theobald 1903, Diptera, Culicidae). Of the 18 mosquito species identified, 8 species are new records for Auroville. The Alpha (α) biodiversity indices show that the mosquito fauna is diverse (S = 18; DMg = 2.732 [95% CI: 2.732–2.732]). The Shannon-Weiner (Hʹ = 2.199 [95% CI: 2.133–2.276]) and Simpson indices (λ = 0.8619 [95% CI: 0.8496–0.8723]) measured species richness, evenness, and dominance. The values of these indices suggest high species richness, evenness, and dominance. Prevailing conditions can provide suitable environment for establishment of different mosquito species in this ecosystem. Given the sociodemographic characteristics of this area, research on mosquito diversity and risk of vector-borne diseases will be of great use.
Characterizing beam errors for radio interferometric observations of reionization
Authors: Nasirudin Ainulnabilah , Prelogovic David , Murray Steven G , Mesinger Andrei , Bernardi Gianni 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
A limiting systematic effect in 21-cm interferometric experiments is the chromaticity due to the coupling between the sky and the instrument. This coupling is sourced by the instrument primary beam; therefore it is important to know the beam to extremely high precision. Here, we demonstrate how known beam uncertainties can be characterized using data bases of beam models. In this introductory work, we focus on beam errors arising from physically offset and/or broken antennas within a station. We use the public code oskar to generate an ‘ideal’ SKA beam formed from 256 antennas regularly spaced in a 35-m circle, as well as a large data base of ‘perturbed’ beams sampling distributions of broken/offset antennas. We decompose the beam errors (‘ideal’ minus ‘perturbed’) using principal component analysis (PCA) and Kernel PCA (KPCA). Using 20 components, we find that PCA/KPCA can reduce the residual of the beam in our data sets by $60\!-\!90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ compared with the assumption of an ideal beam. Using a simulated observation of the cosmic signal plus foregrounds, we find that assuming the ideal beam can result in $1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ error in the epoch of reionization (EoR) window and $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the wedge of the 2D power spectrum. When PCA/KPCA is used to characterize the beam uncertainties, the error in the power spectrum shrinks to below $0.01{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the EoR window and $\le 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the wedge. Our framework can be used to characterize and then marginalize over uncertainties in the beam for robust next-generation 21-cm parameter estimation.
The effect of returning radiation on relativistic reflection
Authors: Dauser T , García J A , Joyce A , Licklederer S , Connors R M T , Ingram A , Reynolds C S , Wilms J 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the effect of returning radiation on the shape of the X-ray reflection spectrum in the case of thin accretion discs. We show that the returning radiation mainly influences the observed reflection spectrum for a large black hole spin (a &gt; 0.9) and a compact primary source of radiation close to the black hole at height h &lt; 5rg, and that it dominates the reflected flux for extreme values of spin and compactness. The main effect of the returning radiation is to increase the irradiating flux on to the outer parts of the accretion disc, leading to stronger reflection and a flatter overall emissivity profile. By analysing simulated observations we show that neglecting returning radiation in existing studies of reflection-dominated sources has likely resulted in overestimating the height of the corona above the black hole. An updated version of the publicly available relxill suite of relativistic reflection models which includes returning radiation is also presented.
An MCMC approach to the three-dimensional structure of the Milky Way bulge using OGLE-IV δ Scuti stars
Authors: Deka Mami , Deb Sukanta , Kurbah Kerdaris 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of high-latitude δ Scuti stars (|b| &gt; 1°) in the Galactic bulge region (−8${_{.}^{\circ}}$3 &lt; l &lt; 9${_{.}^{\circ}}$4) using a clean sample of the photometric data of 7440 stars recently released by the OGLE-IV project. The geometrical parameters of the bulge are determined based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis in five-dimensional parameter space. More refined values of these parameters as well as their uncertainties are obtained from a fully Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. Approximating the bulge as an ellipsoid, the distribution of the number density of stars as a function of Galacto-centric distance has been modelled using three distribution functions: two Exponential ($\rm E_{1},\rm E_{2}$) types and one Gaussian ($\rm G$) type. Based on the AIC and BIC values, the exponential model $\rm E_{1}$ is chosen as the best statistical model for the parameter values obtained from the MCMC analysis. The MCMC analysis yields the following results: the mean distance to the Galactic Centre (GC) is found to be R0 = 8.034 ± 0.012stat ± 0.586sys kpc; the bulge δ Scuti distribution has a triaxial shape with normalized (a ≡ 1) axes ratios (a: b: c) as 1.000 ± 0.005: 0.348 ± 0.002: 0.421 ± 0.002. Here a is the semi-major axis lying in the Galactic plane and pointing towards us; b and c are the two semi-minor axes, the former lying in the Galactic plane and the later perpendicular to it. Smaller values of b as compared to a obtained for Galacto-centric distances R ≥ 2.0 kpc indicate the presence of a bar-like structure of the bulge with a bar angle of 22${_{.}^{\circ}}$006 ± 2${_{.}^{\circ}}$078.
reXcor: a model of the X-ray spectrum of active galactic nuclei that combines ionized reflection and a warm corona
Authors: Xiang X , Ballantyne D R , Bianchi S , De Rosa A , Matt G , Middei R , Petrucci P-O , Różańska A , Ursini F 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) often exhibit an excess of emission above the primary power law at energies ≲2 keV. Two models for the origin of this ‘soft excess’ are ionized relativistic reflection from the inner accretion disc and Comptonization of thermal emission in a warm corona. Here, we introduce reXcor, a new AGN X-ray (0.3–100 keV) spectral fitting model that self-consistently combines the effects of both ionized relativistic reflection and the emission from a warm corona. In this model, the accretion energy liberated in the inner disc is distributed between a warm corona, a lamppost X-ray source, and the accretion disc. The emission and ionized reflection spectrum from the inner 400 rg of the disc is computed, incorporating the effects of relativistic light-bending and blurring. The resulting spectra predict a variety of soft excess shapes and sizes that depend on the fraction of energy dissipated in the warm corona and lamppost. We illustrate the use of reXcor by fitting to the joint XMM–Newton and NuSTAR observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxies HE 1143-1820 and NGC 4593, and find that both objects require a warm corona contribution to the soft excess. Eight reXcor table models, covering different values of accretion rate, lamppost height, and black hole spin, are publicly available through the xspec website. Systematic use of reXcor will provide insight into the distribution of energy in AGN accretion flows.
Predictors of Adherence Among Vulnerable Populations of Adults Assigned to Smoke Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes
Authors: Morgan Snell L , Reed G L , Tidey J , Bunn J Y , Harfmann R F , Heil S H , Sigmon S C , Gaalema D , Higgins S T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Regulators are considering reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes to a minimally addictive level. This could particularly benefit smokers from populations vulnerable to heavy smoking and difficulties quitting. We assessed predictors of adherence among adults from vulnerable populations assigned to use very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNCs) in randomized clinical trials, to identify characteristics of those who require additional assistance if a nicotine reduction policy were implemented.

Aims and Methods
Data came from three populations of vulnerable adult smokers assigned to use VLNC cigarettes (0.4 mg/g nicotine) during 12-week randomized controlled trials (n = 286): Socioeconomically disadvantaged women of reproductive age, opioid-maintained adults, and adults with affective disorders. Logistic and linear regressions modeled predictors of adherence based on changes in cotinine at week-6 and week-12 assessments relative to baseline, and as a 90% reduction in cotinine relative to baseline (full adherence: yes/no). Predictors included satisfaction with study cigarettes, craving, nicotine dependence severity, withdrawal, population membership, baseline affective-disorder symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Dependence severity was negatively associated with both adherence measures at week 6 (p &lt; .01), whereas increased satisfaction with study cigarettes and age were positively associated with both measures at weeks 6 and 12 (p &lt; .01). Opioid-maintained adults exhibited reduced adherence and were less likely to reach full adherence at week 12 compared to disadvantaged women (p = .02).

Conclusions
Factors associated with VLNC adherence in vulnerable populations are similar to those in the general population of smokers. Furthermore, studies are indicated investigating nicotine supplements (e.g., e-cigarettes, NRT) to support highly dependent adults faced with using VLNCs.

Implications
This study identified factors predicting difficulty maintaining adherence to a regimen of very low nicotine content cigarettes (VLNC) among adults from vulnerable populations. Findings suggested that factors predicting difficulty maintaining adherence (greater nicotine dependence and low satisfaction with study-provided VLNC) were common across vulnerable smokers and the general population of adults who smoke. Furthermore, research should investigate alternatives to support highly dependent adults, such as pairing VLNC with supplemental, noncombusted nicotine. Some vulnerable populations (e.g., opioid-maintained adults) may be especially in need of supplemental, noncombusted nicotine.
Ubiquitinated DA1 negatively regulates vascular cambium activity through modulating the stability of WOX4 in Populus
Authors: Tang Xianfeng , Wang Congpeng , Chai Guohua , Wang Dian , Xu Hua , Liu Yu , He Guo , Liu Shuqing , Zhang Yiran , Kong Yingzhen , Li Shengjun , Lu Mengzhu , Sederoff Ronald R , Li Quanzi , Zhou Gongke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Activity of the vascular cambium gives rise to secondary xylem for wood formation in trees. The transcription factor WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4) is a central regulator downstream of the hormone and peptide signaling pathways that maintain cambial activity. However, the genetic regulatory network underlying WOX4-mediated wood formation at the post-transcriptional level remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identified the ubiquitin receptor PagDA1 in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa clone 84K) as a negative regulator of wood formation, which restricts cambial activity during secondary growth. Overexpression of PagDA1 in poplar resulted in a relatively reduced xylem due to decreased cambial cell division. By contrast, mutation of PagDA1 by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in an increased cambial cell activity and promoted xylem formation. Genetic analysis demonstrated that PagDA1 functions antagonistically in a common pathway as PagWOX4 to regulate cambial activity. We propose that PagDA1 physically associates with PagWOX4 and modulates the degradation of PagWOX4 by the 26S proteasome. Moreover, genetic analysis revealed that PagDA1 exerts its negative effect on cambial development by modulating the stability of PagWOX4 in a ubiquitin-dependent manner mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase PagDA2. In sum, we have identified a cambial regulatory protein complex, PagDA1–PagWOX4, as a potential target for wood biomass improvement.
Initiation of aboveground organ primordia depends on combined action of auxin,ERECTAfamily genes, and PINOID
Authors: DeGennaro Daniel , Urquidi Camacho Ricardo Andres , Zhang Liang , Shpak Elena D 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLeaves and flowers are produced by the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at a certain distance from its center, a process that requires the hormone auxin. The amount of auxin and the pattern of its distribution in the initiation zone determine the size and spatial arrangement of organ primordia. Auxin gradients in the SAM are formed by PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers whose polar localization in the plasma membrane depends on the protein kinase PINOID (PID). Previous work determined that ERECTA (ER) family genes (ERfs) control initiation of leaves. ERfs are plasma membrane receptors that enable cell-to-cell communication by sensing extracellular small proteins from the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR/EPF-LIKE (EPF/EPFL) family. Here, we investigated whether ERfs regulate initiation of organs by altering auxin distribution or signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genetic and pharmacological data suggested that ERfs do not regulate organogenesis through PINs while transcriptomics data showed that ERfs do not alter primary transcriptional responses to auxin. Our results indicated that in the absence of ERf signaling the peripheral zone cells inefficiently initiate leaves in response to auxin signals and that increased accumulation of auxin in the er erecta-like1 (erl1) erl2 SAM can partially rescue organ initiation defects. We propose that both auxin and ERfs are essential for leaf initiation and that they have common downstream targets. Genetic data also indicated that the role of PID in initiation of cotyledons and leaves cannot be attributed solely to regulation of PIN polarity and PID is likely to have other functions in addition to regulation of auxin distribution.
Endometrial Receptivity Testing and Adjustment to Window of Implantation Timing Improve Pregnancy Rates with Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) [A334]
Authors: Rose-Reneau Zak , Riggs Ryan N. , Anderson Derica K. 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
For decades, reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) research focused on solely on the creation of a viable embryo to increase pregnancy rates. Recently, research has identified the impact of endometrial adhesion molecule expression during the window of implantation (WOI) as playing a major role in embryo implantation.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective case-control study of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology and the effects of the IgenomixEndometrial Receptivity Assay (ERA) on pregnancy success rates following frozen embryo transfer.

RESULTS:
ERA results showed 29 of 60 patients were normal, 20 of 60 patients were Early Receptive (WOI existing 12 hours later than expected), and 11 of 60 patients were Pre-Receptive (WOI existing 24 hours later than expected). Ninety-one percent of patients with a corrected abnormal ERA had successful pregnancies, whereas only 72% achieved successful pregnancy without using ERA to assess for their WOI (P≤.01; odds ratio, 3.82).

CONCLUSION:
Endometrial Receptivity Assay testing has a significant impact on successful pregnancy rates among patients undergoing ART. Women should be encouraged to undergo ERA testing to ensure accurate timing of their WOI for embryo transfer. Although numerous medication changes can be made by the physician to improve implantation success rates, if the WOI timing is not accounted for, those changes are for naught because the endometrium is not prepared to receive the embryo and subsequent embryo implantation into the endometrium will not occur. The use of ERA could save the patient tens of thousands of dollars and shave years off their time to achieving successful pregnancies.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Prolonged Persistent Postpartum Urinary Retention [A346]
Authors: Ayyash Mariam , Briskin Rebeccah , Calimente H. Stefan , Kallabat Hana , Estanol Maria Victoria 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Prolonged persistent postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) lasting longer than 3 days postpartum is a rare condition, with limited literature available on the topic. This study assesses prevalence and risk factors for PPUR.

METHODS:
This is an institutional review board–approved retrospective cross-sectional study of 60,352 deliveries from 2013 to 2020, at an academic tertiary care center in Detroit, Michigan. Women with non-iatrogenic, PPUR were identified. Demographic and delivery data was analyzed with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS:
There were 14 (0.023%) patients with PPUR, with a mean age of 30.1 ± 6.1, and mean BMI of 27.3 ± 9.5 kg/m2. There were 11 of 14 (79%) vaginal deliveries, all of which were full term (mean gestational age was 39 weeks), and mean birth weight of 3,401 ± 433 g. There were 7 of 14 (50%) primiparous patients, and 12 of 14 (85.7%) received neuraxial anesthesia. The mean length of the second stage of labor was 2.65 ± 2.1 hours. The median onset of urinary retention was 10 hours postpartum. Median duration of resolution was 6.5 days. The mean duration from birth to first void was 5.7 ± 3.7 hours. The mean post-void residual (PVR) was 851 ± 353 mL. There were 6 of 14 (42.8%) patients requiring prolonged Foley catheter insertion, and the remaining 8 of 14 (57.2%) required intermittent catheterization.

CONCLUSION:
PPUR is a rare but relevant condition with a prevalence of 0.023%. Similar to other limited literature, neuraxial anesthesia, vaginal delivery, and prolonged second stage suggest possible risk factors. More research is needed to understand PPUR risk factors. Standard guidelines can be implemented to help with evaluation and to expedite diagnosis and management.
Prolonged Duration of Oxytocin Exposure Increases Obstetric Hemorrhage Risk [A135]
Authors: Alexander Megan , Wang Michelle , Srivastava Akanksha , Tummala Swetha P. , Abbas Diana S. , Comfort Ashley 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The relationship between duration of intrapartum oxytocin exposure and obstetric hemorrhage (OBH) is incompletely understood. Prior research is limited by use of estimated, not quantitative, blood loss data. Our objective is to assess whether prolonged duration of intrapartum Pitocin exposure is associated with 1) increased quantitative blood loss (QBL), 2) OBH (QBL greater than or equal to 1,000 mL), or 3) hemorrhage-related maternal morbidity.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all who were exposed to intrapartum exogenous oxytocin for induction or augmentation from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. Women were categorized by hours of intrapartum oxytocin exposure: <12 hours or ≥12 hours of exposure. Groups were compared using t test and chi-square test. Institutional review board approval was obtained from Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine.

RESULTS:
Of 5,332 patients, 2,232 (41.9%) had intrapartum oxytocin exposure. Compared to patients with intrapartum oxytocin exposure <12 hours, those with ≥12 hours had higher mean QBL (P<.001) and higher probability of OBH (P<.001). Oxytocin exposure of ≥12 hours was not associated with increased hemorrhage-related morbidity.

CONCLUSION:
Prolonged intrapartum exogenous oxytocin exposure, in particular >12 hours, was associated with increased QBL and increased probability of OBH. Future studies should additionally explore the impact of rate and dose of oxytocin on risk of obstetric hemorrhage.