bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of hydraulic performance and design methods of labyrinth weirs
Authors: Idrees Anees Kadhum , Al-Ameri Riyadh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Labyrinth weirs are complex hydraulic structures. They have been widely used as a water regulator and to increase discharge in channels and spillway dams. Labyrinth weirs are an economical and effective method to pass large floods. In addition, they are used to reduce the requirements of the structural footprint. These features make them an interesting and appropriate choice to increase the capacity of discharge. Several factors affect the discharge capacity and the hydraulic performance of labyrinth weirs, including water level to crest height ratio, angle of sidewalls, apex width, conveyance channel conditions, and vertical aspect ratio. The present paper aims to summarise the most relevant knowledge of the hydraulic characteristics of the labyrinth weirs reported in previous articles. The importance of the present study is to provide a better understanding of how these weirs operate, in addition to which future studies deserve further investigation. The results demonstrated that some parameters still need further investigation. Also, energy dissipation over the labyrinth weir needs further investigation with different weir geometry. Furthermore, the results showed that common design equations did not take into account all parameters affecting labyrinth weir performance, including geometries, flow conditions, site conditions, and scale effect. In addition, machine learning techniques need further study.
Exploring Cantharidin and its Analogues as Anticancer Agents: A
Review
Authors: Li Shaoting , Wu Xufeng , Fan Gang , Du Kui , Deng Liping 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Cantharidin (CTD) is a highly toxic substance which can be
used to treat a variety of cancers. However, the clinical application of CTD is restricted
due to the serious side effects. In recent years, screening its analogues, exploring the
mechanism of action and using combinatory therapy with certain substances are considered
to be feasible methods which can reduce side effects and improve the therapeutic activity
of CTD. This review aims to describe SAR (structure-activity relationship) of CTD
analogues, CTD induction mechanisms, and combinatory therapy exploration.

Methods:
We searched for research about CTD by entering the database. Important information
was screened and extracted purposefully, including SAR, mechanisms, methods,
etc. Finally, these contents were unified into a framework to form a review.

Results:
Some CTD analogues with imidazolium salt or double bonds at C-5 and C-6 positions
demonstrate good anticancer activity. Through introducing methyl and acetoxy
groups at the C-1 or C-4 position, the inhibitory effect of PP was weakened or even inactivated.
Removing the two methyl groups of C-2 and C-3 can reduce side effects and improve
efficacy. Replacing methyl with fluorine can also improve the activity and reduce
toxicity. Water solubility and bioavailability could be improved by opening the five fivemembered
anhydride ring to form carboxylic acid, salt, amide, and ester derivatives. The
anticancer mechanism can be divided into the following aspects, including inhibiting cell
invasion and metastasis, inducing apoptosis, regulating cell cycle and enhancing immunity.
The proper formulation of CTD and its analogues (liposomes, nanoparticles and micelles)
can improve the targeting of liver cancer and reduce toxic and side effects. CTD
combined with anti-angiogenic therapeutics (Ginsenoside Rg3, Bevacizumab, Apatinib
and Endostar) showed additive anti-pancreatic cancer effects.

Conclusion:
It was found that the potential mechanism was closely related to multi-channel
and multi-target interactions, which provided a guiding direction for the later exploration
of new clinical therapeutic applications. However, some detailed mechanisms are
still unclear, and more evidence is required to verify. In addition, the new methods to improve
the therapeutic potential of CTD and its analogues still need more clinical trials to
be tested in the future. This prospect is very broad and worthy of further study.
Entourage Effect and Analytical Chemistry: Chromatography as a Tool in the Analysis
of the Secondary Metabolism of Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Silva Sofrás Fresia Melina , Desimone Martin Federico 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Cannabis sativa L. has been used as medicine for thousands of years. Since the early identification of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in 1960, pharmacological activities were attributed to a group of unique structures named cannabinoids. For decades, research and development were applied to determine different cannabinoids and their medicinal properties. Nowadays there is evidence that the therapeutic benefits of the plant are based on the synergy of cannabinoids and other secondary metabolites such as terpenes and flavonoids. Differences between the medical performance of isolated compounds like cannabidiol (CBD) or THC and full-spectrum plant extracts are notable. Indeed, the superiority of the last one is provoked by the synergy between various different compounds. This improved medicinal effect is called the entourage effect. Chromatography has become the method of choice for the determination of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, so it represents an excellent tool for a proper characterization of the plant and plant derived products. The objective of characterization relies not only in analyzing the fingerprint of cannabis, but also to identify different chemotypes for medical purposes. To understand the contributions of each natural product to this “entourage effect”, this review presents an in-depth analysis of the utilization of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Gas chromatography (GC) and other methods for the analysis of phytocomponents of Cannabis sativa L. In this sense, a representative number of examples and advances made in the field together with limitations and future needs are provided. It can be concluded that standardized protocols and quality control policies and procedures are necessary for the comprehensive analysis of cannabis extracts and derivatives.
Research on the Material Basis and Mechanism of Kudzu Root in Preventing
and Treating Cerebral Ischemia based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Yao Wei , Qiu Xiaopeng , Li Bingtao , Yan Feixia , Wang Song , Zhu Xudong , Lu Longhui , Wang Jingjing , Zhu Na , Wang Shuaikang , Xie Yongyan , Xu Ziwei , Zhu Weifeng , Liu Ronghua , Huang Liping 
Published: November 2022

Background:
It has been shown that Kudzu root has significant pharmacological effects
such as improving microcirculation, dilating coronary arteries, and increasing cerebral and coronary
blood flow, but its material basis and mechanism of action are not clear.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of Kudzu root in the
prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia (CI) through network pharmacology combined with
animal experiments.

Methods:
The components of kudzu root were screened by using the Chemistry Database, Chinese
Academy of Science. Linpinski's five rules were used to perform pharmacophore-like analysis to
obtain the active ingredients of Kudzu root. The Swiss Target Prediction Service database was
used to predict the potential protein targets of kudzu root components associated with CI. An active
ingredient-target network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.6.0. A rat model of middle cerebral
artery occlusion (MCAO) was established, then the main targets and signaling pathways predicted
were verified by observing the area of cerebral infarction and Western blot experiments.

Results:
In total, 84 major active compounds and 34 targets included gerberoside, belonging to the
isoflavone class, gallic acid, amino acid class, 4-Methylphenol, phenolic class, and quercetin, and
flavonoid class (Flavonoids). The targets covered were proteins related to excitatory amino acids
and calcium overload, including Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (SLC1A2), Glutamate receptor
ionotropic, kainate 1 (GRIK1), Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 (GRIN1), Glutamate
receptor 2(GRIA2), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Neuronal nitric
oxide synthase(nNOS). Glutamatergic energy is prominent, and calcium transport across the membrane
is central to the network and occupies an important position.

Conclusion:
Kudzu root can significantly reduce neurological damage in rats with CI, and also
significantly reduce the rate of cerebral infarction. It is worth noting that kudzu root can prevent
and treat CI by reducing excitatory amino acid toxicity and improving calcium overload.
A New Bacteriocin from Latilactobacillus sakei: In vitro and In situ
Application
Authors: Contesa Camila Ramão , de Souza Nathieli Bastos , Gonçalo Guilherme Battú , Almeida Luciano , Manera Ziotti Ana Paula , Moraes Caroline Costa 
Published: November 2022

Aims and Background:
Natural preservatives are a viable alternative to replace chemical
preservatives that have potential toxicity and carcinogenic effects.

Objective:
To prove the effectiveness in increasing the microbiological stability of Minas Frescal
cheese with the addition of a bacteriocin obtained from Latilactobacillus sakei as a natural preservative.

Method:
A new broad-spectrum bacteriocin was evaluated for its functional activity in vitro and in
situ when applied in the formulation of Minas Frescal cheese. A commercial bacteriocin was used as a
positive control.

Results:
The inhibitory action of the bacteriocin studied was confirmed, with a reduction of 42.86% in
the count of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in relation to the negative control, at the end of the 30
days of study. For the group of thermotolerant coliforms, the bacteriocin studied showed greater efficiency
than the commercial preservative. In vitro analyzes showed the inhibitory action of bacteriocin,
above 87% inhibition against S. aureus, E. coli and Salmonela enteritidis, and approximately 90%
against Listeria monocytogenes.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that the bacteriocin produced by the Latilactobacillus sakei strain has
great potential for application in foods such as Minas Frescal cheese.
Structure based Drug Designing Approaches in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Inhibitor Design
Authors: Shanmugam Anusuya , Venkattappan Anbazhagan , Gromiha M. Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:The COVID-19 outbreak and the pandemic situation have hastened the research commu-nity to design a novel drug and vaccine against its causative organism, the SARS-CoV-2. The spike glycoprotein present on the surface of this pathogenic organism plays an immense role in viral entry and antigenicity. Hence, it is considered an important drug target in COVID-19 drug design. Several three-dimensional crystal structures of this SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have been identified and de-posited in the Protein DataBank during the pandemic period. This accelerated the research in com-puter-aided drug designing, especially in the field of structure-based drug designing. This review summarizes various structure-based drug design approaches applied to this SARS-CoV-2 spike pro-tein and its findings. Specifically, it is focused on different structure-based approaches such as mo-lecular docking, high-throughput virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, drug repurpos-ing, and target-based pharmacophore modelling and screening. These structural approaches have been applied to different ligands and datasets such as FDA-approved drugs, small molecular chemi-cal compounds, chemical libraries, chemical databases, structural analogs, and natural compounds, which resulted in the prediction of spike inhibitors, spike-ACE-2 interface inhibitors, and allosteric inhibitors.
Microfluidic Paper-based Device for Medicinal Diagnosis
Authors: Lomae Atchara , Preechakasedkit Pattarachaya , Teekayupak Kanyapat , Panraksa Yosita , Yukird Jutiporn , Chailapakul Orawon , Ruecha Nipapan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The demand for point-of-care testing (POCT) devices has rapidly grown
since they offer immediate test results with ease of use, makingthem suitable for home self-testing
patients and caretakers. However, the POCT development has faced the challenges of increased cost
and limited resources. Therefore, the paper substrate as a low-cost material has been employed to
develop a cost-effective POCT device, known as “Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
(μPADs)”. This device is gaining attention as a promising tool for medicinal diagnostic applications
owing to its unique features of simple fabrication, low cost, enabling manipulation flow (capillarydriven flow), the ability to store reagents, and accommodating multistep assay requirements.

Objective:
This review comprehensively examines the fabrication methods and device designs
(2D/3D configuration) and their advantages and disadvantages, focusing on updated μPADs applications for motif identification.

Methods:
The evolution of paper-based devices, starting from the traditional devices of dipstick and
lateral flow assay (LFA) with μPADs, has been described. Patterned structure fabrication of each
technique has been compared among the equipment used, benefits, and drawbacks. Microfluidic device designs, including 2D and 3D configurations, have been introduced as well as their modifications. Various designs of μPADs have been integrated with many powerful detection methods such
as colorimetry, electrochemistry, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, and
SER-based sensors for medicinal diagnosis applications.

Conclusion:
The μPADs potential to deal with commercialization in terms of the state-of-the-art of
μPADs in medicinal diagnosis has been discussed. A great prototype, which is currently in a reallife application breakthrough, has been updated.
Green and Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of 1,3-Diaryl-2-Propenones Catalyzed
by Amberlyte IRA-410 and Amberlyte IRA-400 basic Resins
Authors: Masmoudi Nihel , Chtourou Manef 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
This research paper presents a green, safe and easy synthesis of trans-chalcones under ultrasound
irradiation in the presence of anionic resins. Several trans-Chalcones have been obtained following
an environmentally friendly methodology using Amberlyte IRA-410 and Amberlyte IRA-400
resins as heterogeneous and efficient catalysts. The products of the condensation reaction were generally
synthesized in good yields and the analysis confirmed their structures well.
Different Chemosensing Pathways: A Short Review
Authors: Sinha Puspita , Prajapati Sunita , Jana Subrata 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
This short review focused on the different sensing mechanisms of the chemo and biosensors,
which has been regularly exploited during the research in this field. This review focuses
on the basic understanding of the electronic changes of the sensors and their interaction with different
analytes.
Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and
its Treatment Strategies
Authors: Ramachandran Vadivelan , Mohanasundaram Tharani , Karunakaran Darshan , Gunasekaran Monika , Tiwari Ruchi 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Diabetes foot ulcers (DFU) are among the most common complications in
diabetic patients, leading to amputation and psychological distress. This mini-review covers the
general physiology of ulcer healing as well as the pathophysiology of DFU and its therapies. Only
a few treatments have been sanctioned and numerous compounds from various pharmacological
groups are now being tested at various stages for the prevention and treatment of DFUs.

Objective:
The main objective of this mini-review is to give concise information on how diabetes
mellitus impairs the healing of chronic ulcers by disrupting numerous biological systems of the normal
healing process, resulting in diabetic foot ulceration, and the current therapeutic approaches.

Method:
A review of accessible material from systemic searches in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus,
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, published review articles, and Clinical Trials databases
(US National Library of Medicine) with no period of limitation was conducted.

Result:
The treatment of DFUs comprises wound dressings, use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
in wound dressing, antibiotics, skin substitutes, pressure off-loading growth factors and
stem cells, gene therapy, topical oxygen therapy, etc.

Conclusion:
The majority of these treatments are aimed at treating diabetic foot ulcers and preventing
diabetic wounds from becoming infected. Yet, there is no single therapy that can be advised
for diabetic foot ulcer patients. Future treatment strategies should be considered an appropriate
treatment option for persistent wounds.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Anxiety, Physical Symptoms, Worry, and Attention Deficit in Women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Salartash Venus , Yekta Mehrnaz Azad , Zabihi Rozita 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) causes a person's life to be full of worries by involving cognitive processes and not tolerating uncertainty and increasing worry and affecting the quality of sleep and attention of these people, and disrupting life functions.

Objective:
This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety, physical symptoms, worry, and attention deficits in people with GAD.

Methods:
It was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test study with an experimental group and a control group. In this study, 30 women with GAD were selected using a voluntary sampling method. After matching, participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received CBT for 10 sessions, but the control group did not receive any treatment. The research instruments included the attention skills Questionnaire by Savari and Oraki and the Pennsylvania State Worry Scale.

Results:
There was a significant difference in physical symptoms in the experimental group compared to the control group (P< 0.01, F = 65.28), while in the experimental group, there was a significant difference in worry compared to the control group. Moreover, there was a significant difference in attention deficit in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
The results showed that CBT improved attention deficit and worry in women with GAD.
A Comprehensive Review of Nanoemulsion Applications and their Recent
Advancements
Authors: Das Prativa , Panda Jnyana Ranjan , Patro Ch Niranjan , Sahu Baby , Patnaik Soumya Stuti 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Nanoemulsions are submicron-sized suspensions that are being studied extensively as pharmacological vehicles for enhancing the outcomes of drug delivery. Nanoemulsions are isotropic thermodynamic systems in which two immiscible liquids [water and oil] are combined to form a single phase using pertinent surfactants. Nano-emulsions are resilient to sedimentation or creaming due to their nano-droplet size. Ostwald ripening represents the principal process accountable for the disintegration of nanoemulsion. Droplet diameters in nanoemulsions typically range from 20 to 500 nanometers. The diameter and surface parameters of nanoemulsion droplets play are of paramount significance in determining the bioactivity of the formulation. Nanoemulsion offers a promising future in various industries like cosmetology, diagnosis, pharmacological regimens, and biomedicine in the future.

Methods:
Pharmaceutical surfactants are utilized to synthesize nanoemulsions, which are generally regarded as safe [GRAS]. The stability of the NEs against coalescence mainly depends on the type and concentration of the surfactant employed. Nanoemulsions are formulated from a variety of oils, notably natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic oils.

Results:
Over the past decade, various patents and clinical research have exemplified the applications of the NE system. Their application as a drug delivery entity in the ophthalmic, topical, transdermal, intranasal, intravenous, and oral routes is widely appreciated. Also, they have gained remarkable importance in the cosmetic industry.

Conclusion:
This review presents the importance of various components of NE and their importance in droplet formation and provides a brief insight into various drug administration routes of NE.
Technology-Based Obesity Prevention Interventions Among Hispanic Adolescents in the United States: Scoping Review
Authors: Soltero Erica G , Lopez Callie , Hernandez Edith , O'Connor Teresia M , Thompson Debbe 
Published: November 2022

Background
Given that today’s adolescents are digital front-runners, technology-based obesity prevention strategies are age-appropriate for this population. The use of remote and wireless technologies may be suitable for extending the reach and engagement of obesity prevention efforts among high-risk Hispanic youths, as this subgroup is disproportionately affected by barriers that limit participation in traditional, in-person interventions.

Objective
The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the intervention and sample characteristics of technology-based obesity prevention interventions among Hispanic adolescents. We also examined feasibility criteria to assess the acceptability and appropriateness of technology-based strategies among Hispanic youths.

Methods
A comprehensive search of Embase and PubMed identified 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers.

Results
Of the 7 included studies, half (n=4, 57%) used a randomized control trial design, with equal implementation in school (n=3, 43%) and clinic (n=4, 57%) settings. Studies commonly targeted improvements in diet (n=4, 57%) and physical activity (n=7, 100%), with only 1 (14%) study focused on sedentary behaviors. Just 2 (29%) studies reported the use of behavioral theories or models. Studies focused primarily on youths in early (n=5, 71%) or middle (n=6, 86%) adolescence, and there was limited information reported on socioeconomic status. Only 3 (43%) study conducted formative work, and few (n=3, 43%) reported on acceptability. Only 1 (14%) study reported that materials were available in Spanish and English, and only 1 (14%) study used culturally tailored content. Additionally, 3 (43%) studies used strategies that considered social determinants of health.

Conclusions
To increase our understanding of the feasibility and effectiveness of technology-based obesity prevention strategies among Hispanic adolescents, there is a need for more feasibility studies that are theoretically grounded and comprehensively report on feasibility-related outcomes. Future studies should also leverage technology to simultaneously address multiple health behaviors beyond diet and physical activity. The result of this review can be used to guide the development of future technology-based obesity prevention strategies among Hispanic adolescents.

Trial Registration
CliniclaTrials.gov NCT04953442; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04953442