bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐trait multi‐locus stepwise approach for conducting GWAS on correlated traits
Authors: Fernandes Samuel B. , Casstevens Terry M. , Bradbury Peter J. , Lipka Alexander E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ability to accurately quantify the simultaneous effect of multiple genomic loci on multiple traits is now possible due to current and emerging high‐throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies. To date, most efforts to quantify these genotype‐to‐phenotype relationships have focused on either multi‐trait models that test a single marker at a time or multi‐locus models that quantify associations with a single trait. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a multi‐trait, multi‐locus stepwise (MSTEP) model selection procedure we developed to (a) a commonly used multi‐trait single‐locus model and (b) a univariate multi‐locus model. We used real marker data in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) to simulate multiple traits controlled by various combinations of pleiotropic and nonpleiotropic quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs). In general, we found that both multi‐trait models outperformed the univariate multi‐locus model, especially when analyzing a trait of low heritability. For traits controlled by either a combination of pleiotropic and nonpleiotropic QTNs or a large number of QTNs (i.e., 50), our MSTEP model often outperformed at least one of the two alternative models. When applied to the analysis of two tocochromanol‐related traits in maize grain, MSTEP identified the same peak‐associated marker that has been reported in a previous study. We therefore conclude that MSTEP is a useful addition to the suite of statistical models that are commonly used to gain insight into the genetic architecture of agronomically important traits.
Globalization and climate change: State of knowledge, emerging issues, and policy implications
Authors: Jakob Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn an integrated global economy, trade policy and climate policy are closely intertwined. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach to provide an overview of the key debates in economics, political science, and legal studies related to globalization and climate change. We identify a number of emerging issues that deserve increased attention in future research in this direction. These include international financial flows, migration, telecommunication, and digitization as well as changing lifestyles and consumption patterns across the globe. We also present potential research question regarding the diversification of import and export portfolios in the face of growing climate impacts and the decarbonization of industry, aviation, and shipping. Finally, we discuss how these recent developments could shape trade and climate policy formulation. We conclude that ambitious climate policies seem more likely to flourish in an open world trading system which provides sufficient flexibility for individual countries to adopt nationally appropriate climate policies.This article is categorized under:
Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change
Structural and Theoretical Investigations on the Unique Coloring Scheme of the γ‐Brass Type Phase: Cu5+δCd8‐δ(−1.0≤δ≤0.1)
Authors: Roy Nilanjan , Harshit  , Mondal Amit , Wang Fei , Jana Partha P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe crystal structure of the γ‐brass type Cu5+δCd8‐δ(‐1.0≤δ≤0.1) in the Cu−Cd binary system has been analyzed by powder and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. All the compounds crystallize in the cubic space group(217). Mixing of Cu with Cd leads to a significant phase width. At the limiting composition, a previously unreported ordered compound Cu4Cd9is formed. The structure of all compounds is described by a 26‐atom γ‐cluster. Electronic structure calculations on the model structure built according to the ordered “Cu4Cd9”, show the presence of a pseudo‐gap at the Fermi level in the electronic density of states, which is consistent with other γ‐brass type phases. However, the site preference of Cu and Cd atoms is different from the other reported γ‐brass type structures in the Zn‐ and Cd‐rich phases. To address the “coloring problem”, a series of model structures were constructed with the composition Cu4Cd9and their total energies were compared with first‐principle calculations using ABINIT code. LOBSTER package was implemented to extract the bonding information by crystal orbital Hamilton population calculations.
Equivalent Norms for Modulation Spaces from Positive Cohen’s Class Distributions
Authors: Skrettingland Eirik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe give a new class of equivalent norms for modulation spaces by replacing the window of the short-time Fourier transform by a Hilbert–Schmidt operator. The main result is applied to Cohen’s class of time-frequency distributions, Weyl operators and localization operators. In particular, any positive Cohen’s class distribution with Schwartz kernel can be used to give an equivalent norm for modulation spaces. We also obtain a description of modulation spaces as time-frequency Wiener amalgam spaces. The Hilbert–Schmidt operator must satisfy a nuclearity condition for these results to hold, and we investigate this condition in detail.
Langfristige körperliche und psychische Folgen chronischer Nierenerkrankungen
Authors: Thaiss Friedrich 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der verbesserten Behandlungsoptionen können Patient:innen mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen heute deutlich länger überleben als noch vor 10 Jahren. Das Überleben ist für die Betroffenen jedoch immer mit einem Verlust an Lebensqualität verbunden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine kurze Übersicht über die körperlichen und psychischen Erkrankungsfolgen, Begleiterkrankungen und Therapienebenwirkungen bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen gegeben. Auf bisher bekannte Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie wird hingewiesen. Abschließend wird aufgezeigt, wie die Langzeitbehandlung weiterentwickelt werden sollte, um die Lebensqualität der Patient:innen zu erhöhen.Funktionseinschränkungen der Niere haben aufgrund der Kontamination des Blutes mit harnpflichtigen Substanzen (Urämie) schwere Auswirkungen auf den Gesamtorganismus. Zusätzlich sind die Patient:innen von Nebenwirkungen betroffen, die im Zusammenhang mit der medikamentösen Therapie, Dialyse oder Nierentransplantation auftreten können. Patient:innen und Angehörige sind einer großen psychischen Belastung ausgesetzt. Infektionen mit SARS-CoV‑2 können die Nierenfunktion beeinträchtigen und auch die Prognose einer bereits bestehenden Erkrankung verschlechtern.Die ganzheitliche Versorgung der Patient:innen mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen muss neben der medizinischen Versorgung auch die psychologischen und psychosozialen Aspekte berücksichtigen. Nephrologie und Psychonephrologie müssen Hand in Hand weiterentwickelt werden, um die medizinische Versorgung und Lebensqualität der betroffenen Patient:innen zu verbessern.
Pharmacoepigenetics in type 2 diabetes: is it clinically relevant?
Authors: Ling Charlotte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractData generated over nearly two decades clearly demonstrate the importance of epigenetic modifications and mechanisms in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, the role of pharmacoepigenetics in type 2 diabetes is less well established. The field of pharmacoepigenetics covers epigenetic biomarkers that predict response to therapy, therapy-induced epigenetic alterations as well as epigenetic therapies including inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes. Not all individuals with type 2 diabetes respond to glucose-lowering therapies in the same way, and there is therefore a need for clinically useful biomarkers that discriminate responders from non-responders. Blood-based epigenetic biomarkers may be useful for this purpose. There is also a need for a better understanding of whether existing glucose-lowering therapies exert their function partly through therapy-induced epigenetic alterations. Finally, epigenetic enzymes may be drug targets for type 2 diabetes. Here, I discuss whether pharmacoepigenetics is clinically relevant for type 2 diabetes based on studies addressing this topic.
A novel two-layer winding topology for sub-harmonic synchronous machines
Authors: Rafin S. M. Sajjad Hossain , Ali Qasim , Khan Sajid , Lipo Thomas A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith optimized design and modern brushless operation, wound rotor synchronous machines are resurrecting as a strong contender in many applications presently dominated by permanent magnet machines. Considering the notion, this paper introduces a novel brushless synchronous machine topology that utilizes sub-harmonic magnetomotive force (MMF) of its stator winding for desirable brushless operation. It is significant to state that the sub-harmonic MMF component that is used in this novel topology is one-fourth of the fundamental MMF component, whereas, in previous practices, it was half. Moreover, the stator of the machine uses a new winding arrangement of two sets of balanced three-phase windings wound in two layers to produce the fundamental and the sub-harmonic MMF. To achieve the brushless excitation, the rotor utilizes an additional winding that is used to induce the electromotive force (EMF) by the sub-harmonic MMF component of the stator. This novel two-layer stator winding topology permits the utilization of maximum allowable space in the stator to house conductors in all of its 48 slots, which was not the case in previous papers. To validate the performance, and feasibility, an 8-pole 48-slot brushless wound rotor synchronous motor is designed, and a 2-D finite element analysis simulation is conducted, where the topology shows immense potential in terms of better torque performance.
Micro-balloon-assisted embolization of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula via a trans-ophthalmic approach — a technical report and case series
Authors: Kular Saminderjit , Tse George , Pahwa Bhavya , Goddard Tony , Saleem Nayyar , Nagaraja Sanjoy , Dyde Richard , Patankar Tufail 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) account for approximately 10–15% of all intracranial arteriovenous abnormalities. dAVFs carry a significant risk of mortality, particularly in cases of acute hemorrhage, of up to 10%. A small proportion of these dAVFs are found in the anterior cranial fossa (ACF), of which the rate of hemorrhage can be as high as up to 91%. The Scepter Mini (SM) is the smallest dual-lumen micro-balloon (MB) available for neurointerventional practice. It consists of a 2.8 French outer diameter, with a 2.2 mm × 9 mm semi-compliant balloon providing a working length of 165 cm. The SM is navigated with a 0.008-inch wire making it a particularly attractive tool accessible to the pedicles normally reached with liquid embolization micro-catheters.

Methods
Five consecutive patients over a 1-year period between 2020 and 2021 were evaluated and treated for ACF dAVF using a liquid embolization approach using the SM balloon. All patients were treated using ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), of which Squid 18 and/or Squid 12 were the chosen viscosities. Control angiograms were performed for all patients post-embolization.

Results
All patients demonstrated complete occlusion of the ACF dAVF on immediate post-treatment angiography. No immediate complications were encountered; particularly, there were no reports of visual field deficit in any of the patients.

Conclusion
The MB is a valuable adjunctive tool that can enhance the safety and efficacy of trans-ophthalmic embolization of ACF dAVFs, providing additional protection to the retinal and posterior ciliary arteries against unwanted reflux of liquid embolic agent.
Hyperosmolality in CHO cell culture: effects on the proteome
Authors: Romanova Nadiya , Schelletter Louise , Hoffrogge Raimund , Noll Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly used host cell lines for therapeutic protein production. Exposure of these cells to highly concentrated feed solution during fed-batch cultivation can lead to a non-physiological increase in osmolality (> 300 mOsm/kg) that affects cell physiology, morphology, and proteome. As addressed in previous studies (and indeed, as recently addressed in our research), hyperosmolalities of up to 545 mOsm/kg force cells to abort proliferation and gradually increase their volume—almost tripling it. At the same time, CHO cells also show a significant hyperosmolality-dependent increase in mitochondrial activity. To gain deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms that are involved in these processes, as detailed in this paper, we performed a comparative quantitative label-free proteome study of hyperosmolality-exposed CHO cells compared with control cells. Our analysis revealed differentially expressed key proteins that mediate mitochondrial activation, oxidative stress amelioration, and cell cycle progression. Our studies also demonstrate a previously unknown effect: the strong regulation of proteins can alter both cell membrane stiffness and permeability. For example, we observed that three types of septins (filamentous proteins that form diffusion barriers in the cell) became strongly up-regulated in response to hyperosmolality in the experimental setup. Overall, these new observations correlate well with recent CHO-based fluxome and transcriptome studies, and reveal additional unknown proteins involved in the response to hyperosmotic pressure by over-concentrated feed in mammalian cells.Key points• First-time comparative proteome analysis of CHO cells exposed to over-concentrated feed.• Discovery of membrane barrier-forming proteins up-regulation under hyperosmolality.• Description of mitochondrial and protein chaperones activation in treated cells.
Safety and Efficacy of Single‐Session Radiofrequency Ablation Treatment for Benign Non‐toxic Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Lang Brian Hung Hin , Fung Matrix Man Him 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for benign thyroid nodules. However, it remains unclear if ablating multiple nodules in single‐session offers comparable safety and efficacy to ablating single nodule. Our study compared early complication rate and 6‐month nodule shrinkage between multiple‐nodules ablation and single‐nodule ablation by RFA.MethodsAmong the 174 eligible patients undergoing RFA of one or more benign thyroid nodules, 85 (48.8%) had single‐nodule ablation (group I) while 89 (51.1%) had two or three nodules ablation (group II). The 6‐month nodule shrinkage of each nodule (by volume reduction ratio) (VRR) was calculated by (Baseline volume − volume at 6‐month)/(Baseline volume)*100 and compared between two groups. To determine independent predictors for VRR, a multivariate analysis was done by logistic regression analysis.ResultsPatients in group II reported significantly higher pain scores during and 2‐h after treatment than group I (42.31 vs. 29.66, p = 0.029 and 38.21 vs. 26.18, p = 0.037, respectively). Two vocal cord paresis occurred in each group. 3‐ and 6‐month VRR of the largest nodule were comparable between two groups (67.39% vs. 63.89%, p = 0.248 and 77.29% vs. 73.38%, p = 0.182). Similar 3‐ and 6‐month VRR were observed for 2 and 3 largest nodules in group II. In multivariate analysis, total energy given per nodule volume (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 1.001–1.012, p = 0.036) was the only independent predictor for 6‐month VRR.ConclusionIn the presence of multinodular goiter, ablating two or more nodules by RFA within one session appears to offer a comparable level of safety and efficacy to ablating single nodule.
Derivatives of feed-forward neural networks and their application in real-time market risk management
Authors: Ratku Antal , Neumann Dirk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMarket risk management of financial derivatives requires the efficient calculation of their price sensitivities with respect to changes in market factors. This paper shows how a deep feed-forward neural network which has been trained for pricing derivative instruments can be efficiently used to calculate these sensitivities as well. The proposed method is a fast and easily implementable alternative approach to automatic differentiation, and it simultaneously calculates all the first- and second-order derivatives of a multilayer feed-forward neural network with respect to its input features. The paper quantifies the performance improvement of the proposed method over a recent, publicly available implementation of automatic differentiation for a wide range of network sizes. The number of input parameters in these networks corresponds to those of commonly used financial models with stochastic volatility. The numerical accuracy of the proposed sensitivity calculations is demonstrated with a case study, calculating price sensitivities of European options under stochastic volatility. While the paper focuses on financial applications, the results presented herein are applicable to all deep feed-forward neural networks with sufficiently smooth activation functions.
A systematic review of the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions and post-contrast acute kidney injury after ioversol in more than 57,000 patients: part 1—intravenous administration
Authors: van der Molen Aart J. , Dekkers Ilona A. , Bedioune Ibrahim , Darmon-Kern Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) and post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI), after intravenous (IV) administration of ioversol.

Materials and methods
A systematic literature search (1980–2021) of studies documenting IV use of ioversol and presence or absence of ADRs, HSRs, or PC-AKI was performed. Key information including patients’ characteristics, indication and dose of ioversol, safety outcome incidence, intensity and seriousness were extracted.

Results
Thirty-one studies (> 57,000 patients) were selected, including 4 pediatric studies. The incidence of ADRs in adults was reported in 12 studies from ioversol clinical development with a median (range) of 1.65% (0–33.3%), and 3 other studies with an incidence between 0.13 and 0.28%. The incidence of HSRs (reported in 2 studies) ranged from 0.20 to 0.66%, and acute events (4 studies) from 0.23 to 1.80%. Severe reactions were rare with a median (range) of 0 (0–4%), and none were reported among pediatric patients. The incidence of ADRs and HSRs with ioversol, especially those of severe intensity, was among the lowest in studies comparing different iodinated contrast media (ICM) of the same class. PC-AKI incidence was variable (1–42% in 5 studies); however, ioversol exposure per se did not increase the incidence.

Conclusions
When administered by the IV route, ioversol has a good safety profile comparable to that of other ICM within the same class, with a low incidence of severe/serious ADRs overall, and particularly HSRs. PC-AKI incidence does not seem to be increased compared to patients who did not receive ioversol. Further well-designed studies are warranted to confirm these results.

Key Points
• Ioversol has a good safety profile in adult and pediatric patients when IV administered.
• ADR and HSR incidence with ioversol, especially those of severe intensity, was among the lowest compared to other ICM.
• IV administration of ioversol per se did not increase PC-AKI incidence.
A systematic review of the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions and post-contrast acute kidney injury after ioversol: part 2—intra-arterial administration
Authors: van der Molen Aart J. , Dekkers Ilona A. , Bedioune Ibrahim , Darmon-Kern Elisabeth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) and post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI), after intra-arterial (IA) administration of ioversol.

Methods and materials
A systematic literature search was performed (1980–2021) and studies documenting IA use of ioversol, and reporting safety outcomes were selected. Key information on study design, patients’ characteristics, indication, dose, and type of safety outcome were extracted.

Results
Twenty-eight studies (including two pediatric studies) with 8373 patients exposed to IA ioversol were selected. Studies were highly heterogenous in terms of design, PC-AKI definition, and studied population. PC-AKI incidence after coronary angiography was 7.5–21.9% in a general population, 4.0-26.4% in diabetic patients, and 5.5–28.9% in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). PC-AKI requiring dialysis was rare and reported mainly in patients with severe CKD. No significant differences in PC-AKI rates were shown in studies comparing different iodinated contrast media (ICM). Based on seven studies of ioversol clinical development, the overall ADR incidence was 1.6%, comparable to that reported with other non-ionic ICM. Pediatric data were scarce with only one study reporting on PC-AKI incidence (12%), and one reporting on ADR incidence (0.09%), both after coronary angiography.

Conclusions
After ioversol IA administration, PC-AKI incidence was highly variable between studies, likely reflecting the heterogeneity of the included study populations, and appeared comparable to that reported with other ICM. The rate of other ADRs appears to be low. Well-designed studies are needed for a better comparison with other ICM.

Key Points
• PC-AKI incidence after IA administration of ioversol appears to be comparable to that of other ICM, despite the high variability between studies.
• The need for dialysis after IA administration of ioversol is rare.
• No obvious difference was found regarding the safety profile of ioversol between IA and IV administration.