bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STTG-net: a Spatio-temporal network for human motion prediction based on transformer and graph convolution network
Authors: Chen Lujing , Liu Rui , Yang Xin , Zhou Dongsheng , Zhang Qiang , Wei Xiaopeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, human motion prediction has become an active research topic in computer vision. However, owing to the complexity and stochastic nature of human motion, it remains a challenging problem. In previous works, human motion prediction has always been treated as a typical inter-sequence problem, and most works have aimed to capture the temporal dependence between successive frames. However, although these approaches focused on the effects of the temporal dimension, they rarely considered the correlation between different joints in space. Thus, the spatio-temporal coupling of human joints is considered, to propose a novel spatio-temporal network based on a transformer and a gragh convolutional network (GCN) (STTG-Net). The temporal transformer is used to capture the global temporal dependencies, and the spatial GCN module is used to establish local spatial correlations between the joints for each frame. To overcome the problems of error accumulation and discontinuity in the motion prediction, a revision method based on fusion strategy is also proposed, in which the current prediction frame is fused with the previous frame. The experimental results show that the proposed prediction method has less prediction error and the prediction motion is smoother than previous prediction methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also demonstrated comparing it with the state-of-the-art method on the Human3.6 M dataset.
The association between black stain and lower risk of dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mousa Haneen Raafat Fathi , Radwan Mohamed Zayed , Wassif Ghada Ossama Mohamed , Wassel Mariem Osama 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous literature shows that children with dental black stain might be less susceptible to dental caries. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature to determine whether black stain presence could influence the prevalence or severity of dental caries in primary dentition.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and Egyptian Universities Libraries Consortium was conducted up to December 2020. Quality assessment was done using a modified version of Down’s and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the association between dental black stain and: (i) Likelihood of developing dental caries/being caries-free (ii) Number of teeth affected by dental caries (iii) Number of tooth surfaces affected.

Results
The database search yielded 2164 results, 14 of which matched the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis showed that the likelihood of developing caries (Fixed effect model: OR [95% CI]: 0.67 [0.54; 0.82]; I2=37%; τ2=0.05), number of teeth affected (Random effects model: MD [95% CI]: –0.98 [–1.54; -0.42]; I2=79%; τ2 =0.44), and number of surfaces affected (Random-effects model: MD [95% CI]: –2.34 [–4.23; -0.44]; I2=85%; τ2 =2.93), were all lower in children with black stain.

Conclusions
It is suggested that dental black stain is associated with lower dental caries experience in children with primary dentition. However, it is questionable whether black stain has a protective effect against dental caries, or whether children at low risk of dental caries are more likely to develop BS because their oral microbiome favors BS-forming organisms.
Dorsal arachnoid web: the ‘scalpel’ sign—a case report and differential diagnosis
Authors: Arora Vijinder , Verma Himanshu , Kamal Raj , Lone Nasir Ahmed 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Arachnoid web of the spine is a not so common lesion of the spinal cord. It is a band-like arachnoid tissue in the intradural extramedullary compartment that extends to the surface of the spinal cord, with a tendency to occur in the upper dorsal spine causing focal dorsal indentation of the cord that has been coined the ‘scalpel sign’. Patients usually present with progressive weakening and numbing of bilateral lower limb.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old man presented with difficulty in walking and weakness of right leg for 1 year, aggravated over the previous 2 months. There was no history of trauma or fever. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dorsal spine was done which revealed a small syrinx within the cord at D4 vertebral level on right side. There was sharp dorsal indentation of the spinal cord and widening of the arachnoid space below this level. This appearance was similar to a surgical scalpel. The anterior subarachnoid space was preserved. On post-contrast images, no parenchymal or meningeal enhancement was detected. The patient was taken up for surgery as the symptoms further progressed. Laminectomy was done from D3 to D7 under general anesthesia, with release of arachnoid web and adhesions. Histology of the resected specimen revealed epithelial cells and fibrous tissue. No inflammatory or neoplastic cells were observed.

Conclusions
Thoracic arachnoid web is a rare entity, which if not treated can have devastating effects on a patient’s neurological function. Careful evaluation of radiological findings is important to avoid delay in diagnosis. Surgery is the only curative treatment and is known to have a favorable outcome.
An intriguing journey of encapsulated apocrine papillary carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Issar Pratibha , Shah Urshita , Ravindranath M. , Gupta Parag 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Encapsulated Apocrine Papillary Carcinoma (EAPC) of the breast are very rare tumors. They usually present as a cystic mass with mural nodule in women aged 44–84 years. Affected patients may be asymptomatic or complain of breast swelling, or nipple discharge. Mammographic features are nonspecific. The tumor appears as a high-density round or oval mass with circumscribed or spiculated margins on mammography. On Ultrasonography (US) a classical lesion appears as predominantly cystic mass with intracystic solid papillary projections and area of vascularity within it. Contrast Enhanced Breast MRI helps to further characterize the lesion by showing intense contrast enhancement in early phase along with washout curve. Histological features of these tumors are similar to those of classical encapsulated papillary neoplasm, in that myoepithelial cells are absent within the papillary structures and at the periphery of the cyst. They show variable degree of cytological atypia and mitotic activity. Such tumors consist of abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli and are androgen receptor positive. However, a multidisciplinary approach is crucial for diagnosis and tissue histology is essential to suitably formulate treatment guidelines. Surgical excision is the preferred treating option for these tumors. Little consensus is available about local radiation and adjuvant therapy for the treatment of such tumors, yet they have been reported to have good prognosis.

Case presentation
This rare case report describes the intriguing journey towards the diagnosis of an encapsulated intracystic apocrine papillary carcinoma in a 52-year-old premenopausal female who presented with palpable breast swelling in left breast. The patient underwent mammography, breast ultrasound and breast MRI concluding it to be a BIRADS 4A lesion. Then the patient was subjected to trucut core biopsy and finally surgical excision was performed. On Histopathology this lesion was diagnosed as encapsulated apocrine papillary carcinoma with androgen receptor positivity and triple negative hormonal status. At present patient is on regular follow-up.

Conclusions
Encapsulated intracystic apocrine papillary carcinoma has a favorable prognosis with low recurrence rate and excellent long-term survival regardless of its invasive nature. Therefore, we present this rare entity to highlight the importance of radiological and histopathology findings in its diagnosis.
Assessment of nano-iron particles impact on the reproductive health of female Wistar rats
Authors: Magdy Menna-Tullah , EL-Ghareeb Abd EL-Wahab A , Attaby Fawzy A , Abd El-Rahman Heba A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIron oxide nanoparticles, especially nano-magnetite, are promising candidates for use in a variety of applications. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nano-magnetite on the reproductive health of female Wistar rats. Twenty-one adult female rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 served as the control group, Group 2 received a low dose of 5 mg/kg of nano-magnetite, and Group 3 received a high dose of 10 mg/kg of nano-magnetite. For 30 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected three times per week.The main findingsRevealed that nano-magnetite did not induce a change in body weight or absolute as well as relative reproductive organs weight. Nano-magnetite nanoparticles influenced the reproductive serum hormone levels as well as imbalanced the ovarian and uterine malondialdehyde and total antioxidant activity. After nano-magnetite nanoparticle injection, the histopathological examination revealed apoptosis of granulosa cells of various types of follicles, degenerated corpora lutea, congested blood vessels, and uterine epithelial cells of uterine tissue showed a high level of apoptosis and inflammation. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated a significant increase in activated caspase-3 following nano-magnetite injection, indicating an increase in cell apoptosis.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the negative effect of magnetite nanoparticle on reproductive health and increased the likelihood of infertility.
Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy in liver diseases
Authors: Han Heng-Tong , Jin Wei-Lin , Li Xun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultiple immune cells and their products in the liver together form a complex and unique immune microenvironment, and preclinical models have demonstrated the importance of imbalances in the hepatic immune microenvironment in liver inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases. Various immunotherapies have been attempted to modulate the hepatic immune microenvironment for the purpose of treating liver diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a comprehensive and plastic immunomodulatory capacity. On the one hand, they have been tried for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases because of their excellent immunosuppressive capacity; On the other hand, MSCs have immune-enhancing properties in immunocompromised settings and can be modified into cellular carriers for targeted transport of immune enhancers by genetic modification, physical and chemical loading, and thus they are also used in the treatment of immunocompromised liver diseases such as chronic viral infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the immunological basis and recent strategies of MSCs for the treatment of the aforementioned liver diseases. Specifically, we update the immune microenvironment of the liver and summarize the distinct mechanisms of immune microenvironment imbalance in inflammatory diseases and immunocompromised liver diseases, and how MSCs can fully exploit their immunotherapeutic role in liver diseases with both immune imbalance patterns.
Pappalysins and Stanniocalcins and Their Relationship With the Peripheral IGF Axis in Newborns and During Development
Authors: Martín-Rivada Álvaro , Guerra-Cantera Santiago , Campillo-Calatayud Ana , Andrés-Esteban Eva María , Sánchez Holgado María , Martos-Moreno Gabriel Á , Pozo Jesús , Güemes María , Soriano-Guillén Leandro , Pellicer Adelina , Oxvig Claus , Frystyk Jan , Chowen Julie A , Barrios Vicente , Argente Jesús 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Pappalysins (PAPP-A, PAPP-A2) modulate body growth by increasing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) bioavailability through cleavage of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and are inhibited by stanniocalcins (STC1, STC2). Normative data on these novel factors, as well as on free IGF-I and uncleaved fractions of IGFBPs, are not well established.

Objective
This work aimed to determine serum concentrations of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, and STC2 in relationship with other growth hormone (GH)-IGF axis parameters during development.

Methods
Full-term newborns (150; gestational age: 39.30 ± 1.10 weeks), 40 preterm newborns (30.87 ± 3.35 weeks), and 1071 healthy individuals (aged 1-30 years) were included in the study and divided according to their Tanner stages (males and females): I:163 males, 154 females; II:100 males, 75 females; III:83 males, 96 females; IV: 77 males, 86 females; and V:109 males,128 females.

Results
Serum concentrations of PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, STC2, IGFBP-2, total IGFBP-4, and total IGFBP-5 were elevated at birth and declined throughout childhood. In postnatal life, PAPP-A2 concentrations decreased progressively in concomitance with the free/total IGF-I ratio; however, stanniocalcin concentrations remained stable. PAPP-A2 concentrations positively correlated with the free/total IGF-I ratio (r = +0.28; P &lt; .001) and negatively with the intact/total IGFBP-3 ratio (r = –0.23; P &lt; .001). PAPP-A concentrations inversely correlated with intact/total IGFBP-4 ratio (r = –0.21; P &lt; .001), with PAPP-A concentrations being lower in females at all ages. Association studies indicate the importance of stanniocalcins and pappalysins in the control of this axis in an age-specific manner.

Conclusion
This study provides reference values of pappalysins and stanniocalcins, which modulate IGF-I activity by changing the concentrations of cleaved and uncleaved IGFBPs.
The Lack of Bmal1, a Core Clock Gene, in the Intestine Decreases Glucose Absorption in Mice
Authors: Onuma Shinsuke , Kinoshita Saori , Shimba Shigeki , Ozono Keiichi , Michigami Toshimi , Kawai Masanobu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The circadian clock network is an evolutionarily conserved system that regulates systemic metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis. Intestinal tissue is a pivotal organ for the regulation of glucose metabolism, mainly via glucose absorption into the circulation; however, the significance of the intestinal circadian clock network for glucose metabolism remains largely unclear. We herein utilized a mouse model in which Bmal1, a core clock gene, was deleted in an intestine-specific manner (Bmal1Int–/– mice) and demonstrated a rhythmic expression of Sglt1 with its peak at zeitgeber time (ZT) 10.7 ± 2.8 in control mice, whereas this was lost in Bmal1Int–/– mice. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed rhythmic binding of CLOCK to the E-box elements in the Sglt1 gene in control mice; however, this was absent in Bmal1Int–/– mice. Accordingly, SGLT1 protein levels were decreased during the dark phase in Bmal1Int–/– mice and this was associated with impaired glucose absorption, leading to a decline in hepatic glycogen levels at ZT4, which was restored by ingestion of high-sucrose water. Additionally, when mice were starved from ZT0, greater expression of the lipolysis-related gene Pnpla2 was observed in adipose tissue of Bmal1Int–/– mice, and this was not noted when glycogen storage was restored by high-sucrose water prior to fasting, suggesting that higher Pnpla2 expression in Bmal1Int–/– mice was likely caused by lower glycogen storage. These results indicate that disruption of the intestinal circadian clock system impairs glucose absorption in the intestine and affects systemic glucose homeostasis.
GATA6 is a crucial factor for Myocd expression in the visceral smooth muscle cell differentiation program of the murine ureter
Authors: Kurz Jennifer , Weiss Anna-Carina , Lüdtke Timo H.-W. , Deuper Lena , Trowe Mark-Oliver , Thiesler Hauke , Hildebrandt Herbert , Heineke Joerg , Duncan Stephen A. , Kispert Andreas 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are a crucial component of the mesenchymal wall of the ureter, as they account for the efficient removal of the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder by means of their contractile activity. Here, we show that the zinc-finger transcription factor gene Gata6 is expressed in mesenchymal precursors of ureteric SMCs under the control of BMP4 signaling. Mice with a conditional loss of Gata6 in these precursors exhibit a delayed onset and reduced level of SMC differentiation and peristaltic activity, as well as dilatation of the ureter and renal pelvis (hydroureternephrosis) at birth and at postnatal stages. Molecular profiling revealed a delayed and reduced expression of the myogenic driver gene Myocd, but the activation of signaling pathways and transcription factors previously implicated in activation of the visceral SMC program in the ureter was unchanged. Additional gain-of-function experiments suggest that GATA6 cooperates with FOXF1 in Myocd activation and SMC differentiation, possibly as pioneer and lineage-determining factors, respectively.
Etv4 regulates nociception by controlling peptidergic sensory neuron development and peripheral tissue innervation
Authors: Ríos Antonella S. , Paula De Vincenti Ana , Casadei Mailin , Aquino Jorge B. , Brumovsky Pablo R. , Paratcha Gustavo , Ledda Fernanda 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The perception of noxious environmental stimuli by nociceptive sensory neurons is an essential mechanism for the prevention of tissue damage. Etv4 is a transcriptional factor expressed in most nociceptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during the embryonic development. However, its physiological role remains unclear. Here, we show that Etv4 ablation results in defects in the development of the peripheral peptidergic projections in vivo, and in deficits in axonal elongation and growth cone morphology in cultured sensory neurons in response to NGF. From a mechanistic point of view, our findings reveal that NGF regulates Etv4-dependent gene expression of molecules involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Etv4-null mice were less sensitive to noxious heat stimuli and chemical pain, and this behavioral phenotype correlates with a significant reduction in the expression of the pain-transducing ion channel TRPV1 in mutant mice. Together, our data demonstrate that Etv4 is required for the correct innervation and function of peptidergic sensory neurons, regulating a transcriptional program that involves molecules associated with axonal growth and pain transduction.
Bidirectional regulation between AP-1 and SUMOylation pathway genes modulates inflammatory signaling duringSalmonellainfection
Authors: Kumar Pharvendra , Soory Amarendranath , Mustfa Salman Ahmad , Sarmah Dipanka Tanu , Devvanshi Himadri , Chatterjee Samrat , Bossis Guillaume , Ratnaparkhi Girish S. , Srikanth Chittur V. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTPost-translational modifications (PTMs), such as SUMOylation, are known to modulate fundamental processes of a cell. Infectious agents such as Salmonella Typhimurium (STm), which causes gastroenteritis, utilize the PTM mechanism SUMOylation to hijack the host cell. STm suppresses host SUMO pathway genes UBC9 (also known as UBE2I) and PIAS1 to perturb SUMOylation for an efficient infection. In the present study, the regulation of SUMO pathway genes during STm infection was investigated. A direct binding of c-Fos (encoded by FOS), a component of activator protein-1 (AP-1), to promoters of both UBC9 and PIAS1 was observed. Experimental perturbation of c-Fos led to changes in the expression of both UBC9 and PIAS1. STm infection of fibroblasts with SUMOylation-deficient c-Fos (c-FOS-KOSUMO-def-FOS) resulted in uncontrolled activation of target genes, leading to massive immune activation. Infection of c-FOS-KOSUMO-def-FOS cells favored STm replication, indicating misdirected immune mechanisms. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed a context-dependent differential binding and release of AP-1 to and from target genes due to its phosphorylation and SUMOylation, respectively. Overall, our data point towards the existence of a bidirectional cross-talk between c-Fos and the SUMO pathway and highlight their importance in AP-1 function in STm infection and beyond.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Access to the sky near the horizon and stars does not play a crucial role in compass calibration of European songbird migrants
Authors: Pakhomov Alexander , Prokshina Anisia , Cellarius Fedor , Mouritsen Henrik , Chernetsov Nikita 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Migratory birds use different global cues including celestial and magnetic information to determine and maintain their seasonally appropriate migratory direction. A hierarchy among different compass systems in songbird migrants is still a matter for discussion owing to highly variable and apparently contradictory results obtained in various experimental studies. How birds decide whether and how they should calibrate their compasses before departure remains unclear. A recent ‘extended unified theory’ suggested that access to both a view of the sky near the horizon and stars during the cue-conflict exposure might be crucial for the results of cue-conflict experiments. In this study, we performed cue-conflict experiments in three European songbird species with different migratory strategies (garden warbler, Sylvia borin; pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca; and European robin, Erithacus rubecula; juveniles and adults; spring and autumn migrations) using a uniform experimental protocol. We exposed birds to the natural celestial cues in a shifted (120 deg clockwise/counterclockwise) magnetic field from sunset to the end of the nautical twilight and tested them in orientation cages immediately after cue-conflict treatments. None of the species (apart from adult robins) showed any sign of calibration even if they had access to a view of the sky and local surroundings near the horizon and stars during cue-conflict treatments. Based on results of our experiments and data from previous contradictory studies, we suggest that no uniform theory can explain why birds calibrate or do not calibrate their compass systems. Each species (and possibly even different populations) may choose its calibration strategy differently.
DPC-Net: Distributed Point Convolution Network for large-scale point clouds semantic segmentation
Authors: Shao Yuyuan , Tong Guofeng , Peng Hao , Ma Mingwei , Zhang Jindong 
Published: July 2022

Background: Applying convolution neural networks for large-scale 3D point clouds semantic segmentation is quiet challenging, due to the unordered characteristics of 3D data and the computation burden of large-scale point clouds. Methods: To solve these problems, we designed DPC-Net (Distributed Point Convolution Network). The input point clouds of DPC-Net are partitioned by the K-nearest neighbor strategy and reordered based on Euclidean distance. For reducing computation and memory consumption while retaining critical features, the random sampling strategy is used and a distributed point convolution operation is designed. Our novel convolution method extracts parallel local geometric information including space distance and angle features, respectively. Furthermore, our proposed method could be easily and efficiently embedded into many networks for point clouds semantic segmentation. Results: Extensive experimental results on the Semantic3D and CSPC (Complex Scene Point Cloud) datasets indicate that the proposed DPC-Net not only obtains state-of-the-art performances but also reduces semantic segmentation time. Conclusions: In general, we present an efficient and lightweight deep convolutional network, DPC-Net, which captures local geometric features and local contextual information to predict point labels.