bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation of the GRACE risk score and the risk–treatment paradox in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: van der Sangen Niels M R , Azzahhafi Jaouad , Chan Pin Yin Dean R P P , Peper Joyce , Rayhi Senna , Walhout Ronald J , Tjon Joe Gin Melvyn , Nicastia Deborah M , Langerveld Jorina , Vlachojannis Georgios J , van Bommel Rutger J , Appelman Yolande , Henriques José P S , ten Berg Jurriën M , Kikkert Wouter J 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo validate the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score and examine the extent and impact of the risk–treatment paradox in contemporary patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsData from 5015 patients with ACS enrolled in the FORCE-ACS registry between January 2015 and December 2019 were used for model validation. The performance of the GRACE risk score for predicting in-hospital and 1-year mortality was evaluated based on indices of model discrimination and calibration. Differences in the delivery of guideline-recommended care among patients who survived hospitalisation (n=4911) per GRACE risk stratum were assessed and the association with postdischarge mortality was examined.ResultsDiscriminative power of the GRACE risk score was good for predicting in-hospital (c-statistic: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.90) and 1-year mortality (c-statistic: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.84). However, the GRACE risk score overestimated the absolute in-hospital and 1-year mortality risk (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p<0.01). Intermediate-risk and high-risk patients were 12% and 29% less likely to receive optimal guideline-recommended care compared with low-risk patients, respectively. Optimal guideline-recommended care was associated with lower mortality in intermediate- and high-risk patients.ConclusionsThe GRACE risk score identified patients at higher risk for in-hospital and 1-year mortality, but overestimated absolute risk levels in contemporary patients. Optimal guideline-recommended care was associated with lower mortality in intermediate-risk and high-risk patients, but was less likely to be delivered with increasing mortality risk.
Neutrino interactions with ultralight axion-like dark matter
Authors: Reynoso Matías M. , Sampayo Oscar A. , Carulli Agustín M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study the propagation of high energy neutrinos produced in extragalactic sources including the effect of a possible interaction with ultralight axion-like particles (UALP) with a mass$$m_a\sim 10^{-22} \,\mathrm{eV}$$ma∼10-22eVas the constituents of dark matter (DM) under the assumption that their coupling to neutrinos is dominant. We compute the cross section and describe the propagation of a diffuse neutrino flux using transport equations for each mass eigenstate. This allows us to obtain the neutrino fluxes of the different flavors to be observed at the Earth with neutrino telescopes under different assumptions for the flavor composition emitted at the sources and for a normal ordering (NO) or an inverted ordering (IO) of the neutrino masses. If the coupling of neutrinos with UALPs is the same for all flavors ($$g_{\nu a}$$gνa), we find that interactions change the flavor composition of neutrinos arriving on Earth for$$g_{\nu a} > rsim 0.5\,\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$$gνa≳0.5GeV-1, causing the electron(muon) flavor to dominate in the NO(IO) case for neutrino energies above$$\sim 10^5\,\,\mathrm{GeV}$$∼105GeV. Although current data on the flavor ratios suggest that interactions with UALP DM do not take place within the range of coupling studied (particularly in the NO case) more data is needed to improve the precision of the experimentally measured flavor composition.
Hogel-Free Holography
Authors: Chakravarthula Praneeth , Tseng Ethan , Fuchs Henry , Heide Felix 
Published: March 2022

Holography is a promising avenue for high-quality displays without requiring bulky, complex optical systems. While recent work has demonstrated accurate hologram generation of 2D scenes, high-quality holographic projections of 3D scenes has been out of reach until now. Existing multiplane 3D holography approaches fail to model wavefronts in the presence of partial occlusion while holographic stereogram methods have to make a fundamental tradeoff between spatial and angular resolution. In addition, existing 3D holographic display methods rely on heuristic encoding of complex amplitude into phase-only pixels which results in holograms with severe artifacts. Fundamental limitations of the input representation, wavefront modeling, and optimization methods prohibit artifact-free 3D holographic projections in today’s displays.
To lift these limitations, we introduce hogel-free holography which optimizes for true 3D holograms, supporting both depth- and view-dependent effects for the first time. Our approach overcomes the fundamental spatio-angular resolution tradeoff typical to stereogram approaches. Moreover, it avoids heuristic encoding schemes to achieve high image fidelity over a 3D volume. We validate that the proposed method achieves 10 dB PSNR improvement on simulated holographic reconstructions. We also validate our approach on an experimental prototype with accurate parallax and depth focus effects.
zTT
Authors: Kim Seyeon , Bin Kyungmin , Ha Sangtae , Lee Kyunghan , Chong Song 
Published: March 2022

With the advent of mobile processors integrating CPU and GPU, high-performance tasks, such as deep learning, gaming, and image processing are running on mobile devices. To fully exploit CPU and GPU's capability on mobile devices, we need to utilize their processing capability as much as possible. However, it is challenging due to the nature of mobile devices whose users are sensitive to battery consumption and device temperature. Many researchers have studied techniques enabling energy-efficient operations in mobile processors, mostly at managing the temperature and power consumption below predefined thresholds.
DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) is a technique that reduces heat generation and power consumption from the circuit by adjusting CPU or GPU voltage-frequency levels at runtime. To best utilize its benefits, many DVFS techniques have been developed for mobile processors. Still, it is challenging to implement a DVFS that performs ideally for mobile devices, and there are several reasons behind this difficulty.
Synergistic Effect of Dietary Inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum and Berberine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Function of Juvenile Black Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)
Authors: Sagada Gladstone , Wang Lei , Xu Bingying , Tegomo Fabrice Arnaud , Chen Kai , Zheng Lu , Sun Yuxiao , Liu Yuechong , Yang Yifei , Ullah Sami , Shao Qingjun 
Published: March 2022

The interactive effect of dietary inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum and berberine on black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, was investigated with three diets designated as D1 (Con: basal diet), D2 (LP: basal diet + 400 mg/kg L. plantarum), and D3 (LPBB: basal diet + 400 mg/kg L. plantarum + 50 mg/kg berberine) and fed to juvenile black sea bream (

5.67
±
0.05

g) for 56 days. The growth performance and feed utilization parameters, as well as intestinal trypsin activity, were significantly improved in the LP and LPBB groups (

P
<
0.05

). Fish fed the LPBB diet showed better serum and hepatic antioxidant capacity, whilst the LP group had better hepatic antioxidant capacity, than the control fish (

P
<
0.05

). Intestinal IgM and C3 levels significantly increased in the LPBB fish than the rest of the groups (

P
<
0.05

). NF-κB was significantly upregulated in the LP group (

P
<
0.05

). Nrf2 and IL-10 were significantly upregulated, whilst Keap1b and NF-κB were significantly downregulated in the LPBB group (

P
<
0.05

). These findings show that a combination of inactivated L. plantarum and berberine in the diet of black sea bream can improve the immune response and antioxidant capacity than a diet with only the inactivated probiotic, whilst both diets can equally improve growth performance.
Left Atrial Appendage Depth and Tachycardia Bradycardia Syndrome as Important Predictors of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: He Yinge , Chen Panpan , Zhu Ziqiang , Sun Junhua , Zhao Yujie 
Published: March 2022

Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder that has been shown to be associated with a significant increase in stroke and systemic embolism risk. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a finger-like extension originating from the left atrium; the formation of thrombus in LAA is the main reason of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study is aimed at finding out the risk of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Method. We retrospectively examined the clinic and left atrial computer tomography angiography (CTA) features of patients assessed in Zhengzhou No. 7 People’s Hospital between January 2020 and January 2021 derivation. Student’s

t

-test, chi-square test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, and logistic regression analysis were used to identify predictors of LAAT. Result. Of 480 patients included in the analysis, LAAT was found in approximately 9.2% of all patients. Univariate demographic predictors of LAAT included left atrium top and bottom diameter (LTD), left atrial appendage depth (LAAD), CHA2DS2-VASc, tachycardia bradycardia syndrome (TBS), and nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of thrombus were

LAAD
>
23.45

mm (odds ratio: 4.216, 95% CI: 1.869-9.510,

P
=
0.001

), TBS (odds ratio: 4.076, 95% CI: 1.655-10.038,

P
=
0.002

), and non-PAF (odds ratio: 2.896, 95% CI: 1.183-7.094,

P
=
0.02

). Conclusion. In NVAF patients with LAAT, evidence suggested that larger LAAD, non-PAF, and TBS present a high risk of LAAT. This is the first report demonstrating that the LAAD and TBS are associated with LAAT in patients with NVAF.
Factors Associated With Medical Staff’s Engagement and Perception of a Quality Improvement Program for Acute Coronary Syndromes in Hospitals: A Nationally Representative Mixed‐Methods Study in China
Authors: Zhou Shuduo , Jin Yinzi , Ma Junxiong , Dong Xuejie , Li Na , Shi Hong , Zhang Yan , Guan Xiaoyu , LaBresh Kenneth A. , Smith Sidney C. , Huo Yong , Zheng Zhi‐Jie 
Published: March 2022

Background
Medical staff represent critical stakeholders in the process of implementing a quality improvement (QI) program. Few studies, however, have examined factors that influence medical staff engagement and perception regarding QI programs.

Methods and Results
We conducted a nationally representative survey of a QI program in 6 cities in China. Quantitative data were analyzed using multilevel mixed‐effects linear regression models, and qualitative data were analyzed using the framework method. The engagement of medical staff was significantly related to knowledge scores regarding the specific content of chest pain center accreditation (β=0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.57). Higher scores for inner motivation (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18–2.72) and resource support (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.02–2.24) and lower scores for implementation barriers (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67–0.98) were associated with improved treatment behaviors among medical staff. Resource support (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.99–6.84) and lower complexity (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65–1.00) had positive effects on medical staff satisfaction, and respondents with improved treatment behaviors were more satisfied with the QI program. Similar findings were found for factors that influenced medical staff’s assessment of QI program sustainability. The qualitative analysis further confirmed and supplemented the findings of quantitative analysis.

Conclusions
Clarifying and addressing factors associated with medical staff’s engagement and perception of QI programs will allow further improvements in quality of care for patients with acute coronary syndrome. These findings may also be applicable to other QI programs in China and other low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn/
; Unique identifier: Chi‐CTR2100043319.
A Virtual Reality and Questionnaire Approach to Gathering Real-World Data for Agent-Based Crowd Simulation Models
Authors: Sinclair Jacob , Suwanwiwat Hemmaphan , Lee Ickjai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGathering real-world data is a crucial process in developing realistic, agent-based crowd simulation models. In order to gather real-world data, three types of data need to be considered: physical, mental, and visual. Existing data gathering methods do not collect all three data types, but they provide a limited amount of data for agent-based simulations. This article proposes using a combination of Virtual Reality and Questionnaires as a means to gathering real-world data. This hybrid method collects all three data types and is validated by comparing it to data collected from the real world. Two data gathering experiments (real world and our proposed method) were conducted to collect all three types of data for comparison. Experimental results show that the proposed method can collect similar data to the real-world experiment, in particular for mental and visual data. The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test proves that there is no significant difference between the real world and our proposed method for mental and visual data, whilst the test shows there is significant difference in physical data, in particular, completed time. We propose an adjustment factor for the completed time data that mitigates the gap between virtual space and real space, and allows the results collected to be input into agent-based simulations as real-world data. Overall, the proposed method is cost effective, time efficient, reproducible, ecologically valid, and able to collect three types of data for agent-based crowd simulation models.
Comparison between Observed and Simulated AgI Seeding Impacts in a Well-Observed Case from the SNOWIE Field Program
Authors: Xue Lulin , Weeks Courtney , Chen Sisi , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Rasmussen Roy M. , Ikeda Kyoko , Kosovic Branko , Behringer Dalton , French Jeffery R. , Friedrich Katja , Zaremba Troy J. , Rauber Robert M. , Lackner Christian P. , Geerts Bart , Blestrud Derek , Kunkel Melvin , Dawson Nick , Parkinson Shaun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA dry-air intrusion induced by the tropopause folding split the deep cloud into two layers resulting in a shallow orographic cloud with a supercooled liquid cloud top at around −15°C and an ice cloud above it on 19 January 2017 during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE). The airborne AgI seeding of this case was simulated by the WRF Weather Modification (WRF-WxMod) Model with different configurations. Simulations at different grid spacing, driven by different reanalysis data, using different model physics were conducted to explore the ability of WRF-WxMod to capture the properties of natural and seeded clouds. The detailed model–observation comparisons show that the simulation driven by ERA5 data, using Thompson–Eidhammer microphysics with 30% of the CCN climatology, best captured the observed cloud structure and supercooled liquid water properties. The ability of the model to correctly capture the wind field was critical for successful simulation of the seeding plume locations. The seeding plume features and ice number concentrations within them from the large-eddy simulations (LES) are in better agreement with observations than non-LES runs mostly due to weaker AgI dispersion associated with the finer grid spacing. Seeding effects on precipitation amount and impacted areas from LES seeding simulations agreed well with radar-derived values. This study shows that WRF-WxMod is able to simulate and quantify observed features of natural and seeded clouds given that critical observations are available to validate the model. Observation-constrained seeding ensemble simulations are proposed to quantify the AgI seeding impacts on wintertime orographic clouds.Significance StatementRecent observational work has demonstrated that the impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of orographic supercooled liquid clouds is detectable and can be quantified in terms of the extra ground precipitation. This study aims, for the first time, to simulate this seeding impact for one well-observed case. The stakes are high: if the model performs well in this case, then seasonal simulations can be conducted with appropriate configurations after validations against observations, to determine the impact of a seeding program on the seasonal mountain snowpack and runoff, with more fidelity than ever. High–resolution weather simulations inherently carry uncertainty. Within the envelope of this uncertainty, the model compares very well to the field observations.
Process-Based Analysis of El Niño–Southern Oscillation Decadal Modulation
Authors: Kim Geon-Il , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on two long-term simulations using state-of-the-art coupled global climate models, we examined the physical processes that control the decadal modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude. To identify the contributions of various feedback processes to the ENSO amplitude, we used the Bjerknes stability (BJ) index, which aims to quantify the main ENSO feedbacks from a linear perspective. To start, we demonstrated that the time-varying BJ index is highly correlated with the decadal changes in the standard deviation of the ENSO index, suggesting that it provides a good representation of the decadal modulation of the ENSO amplitude. We further revealed that this phenomenon can be attributed mainly to thermocline feedback changes, particularly changes in the oceanic response to zonal wind stress. In addition, two critical features of the background state were found to contribute significantly to changes in the equatorial thermocline feedback: 1) the subtropical–tropical cells and 2) ocean stratification. It was suggested that weak (strong) background subtropical meridional overturning circulation partly contributes to regulating the narrower (wider) meridional scales of the sea surface temperature and the associated zonal wind stress anomalies. The more stratified the ocean, the stronger ocean responses to a given wind stress forcing, which affects the ENSO amplitude.
Open-Ocean Polynyas in the Cooperation Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Qin Qing , Wang Zhaomin , Liu Chengyan , Cheng Chen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extensive studies have addressed the characteristics and mechanisms of open-ocean polynyas in the Weddell and Cosmonaut Seas. Here, we show that more persistent open-ocean polynyas occur in the Cooperation Sea (CS) (60°–90°E), a sector of the Southern Ocean off the Prydz Bay continental shelf, between 2002 and 2019. Polynyas are formed annually mainly within the 62°–65°S band, as identified by sea ice concentrations less than 0.7. The polynyas usually began to emerge in April and expanded to large sizes during July–October, with sizes often larger than those of the Maud Rise polynya in 2017. The annual maximum size of polynyas ranged from 115.3 × 103 km2 in 2013 to 312.4 × 103 km2 in 2010, with an average value of 188.9 × 103 km2. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) travels closer to the continental shelf and brings the upper circumpolar deep water to much higher latitudes in the CS than in most other sectors; cyclonic ocean circulations often develop between the ACC and the Antarctic Slope Current, with many of them being associated with local topographic features and dense water cascading. These oceanic preconditions, along with cyclonic wind forcing in the Antarctic Divergence zone, generated polynyas in the CS. These findings offer a more complete circumpolar view of open-ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean and have implications for physical, biological, and biogeochemical studies of the Southern Ocean. Future efforts should be particularly devoted to more extensively observing the ocean circulation to understand the variability of open-ocean polynyas in the CS.

Significance Statement
An open-ocean polynya is an offshore area of open water or low sea ice cover surrounded by pack ice. Open-ocean polynyas are important for driving the physical, biogeochemical, and biological processes in the Southern Ocean. Extensive studies have addressed the characteristics and mechanisms of open-ocean polynyas in the Weddell and Cosmonaut Seas. The purpose of this study is to document the existence of more persistent open-ocean polynyas in the Cooperation Sea (60°–90°E) and explore the atmospheric and oceanic forcing mechanisms responsible for the formation of the open-ocean polynyas. Our results would offer a more complete circumpolar view of open-ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean and have implications for physical, biological, and biogeochemical studies of the Southern Ocean.
Microstructure and tensile properties of in-situ synthesized and hot-extruded aluminum-matrix composites reinforced with hybrid submicron-sized ceramic particles
Authors: Odhiambo John Otieno , Yoshida Motoshi , Otsu Akira , Yi Li-Fu , Onda Tetsuhiko , Chen Zhong-Chun 
Published: March 2022

Aluminum-matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with submicron-sized ceramic particles of Al2O3, TiB2 and TiC were in-situ synthesized by reactive sintering of Al, TiO2, and B4C powder mixtures and further densified by hot-extrusion process. The reaction mechanisms for formation of the reinforcing particles, extrusion behavior, microstructure, and tensile properties of the AMCs have been investigated. The reactions of TiO2 and B4C with molten Al were a stepwise process, and there were many intermediate phases including oxygen deficient titanium oxides (Ti3O5, Ti2O3, and TiO), Al4C3, AlB2, and Al3Ti, before the expected reinforcing particles of Al2O3, TiB2, and TiC were formed. The results showed that hot-extrusion process was an effective means to densify reactive-sintered porous composites, and dense AMCs can be obtained through hot-extrusion in a temperature range of 480–550°C. The microstructure of the resulting AMCs was characterized by fine reinforcing ceramic phases with an average particle size of 0.24 μm, which were homogeneously distributed in Al matrix. Furthermore, no significant change in particle sizes could be found after extrusion, and ceramic particle content and extrusion temperature have small influences on the average particle sizes of the reinforcing phases. The presence of these sub-micron hybrid ceramic particles resulted in significant enhancements in yield and tensile strength of the AMCs. The yield strength improvement is mostly due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the ceramic particles and Al matrix, followed by Orowan strengthening, while the relative contributions of grain refinement and load-bearing effects are much smaller.