bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promising naphthol green B dye doped (PVOH-PEG) composite films as a multifunctional material with engineered optical band gap, tunable dielectric properties and nonlinear J–E characteristics
Authors: El-Metwally E G , Mohammed M I , Ismail A M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Polymer composite films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)—polyethylene glycol (PEG)/naphthol green B dye (NGB) were prepared using the solution cast technique with different concentrations of NGB (0–25 wt. (%)). XRD emphasized the semi-crystalline nature of the base polymer blend (PVOH-PEG) which increased by NGB addition. FTIR spectra of the investigated samples confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polymer blend hydroxyl groups and the NGB molecules. Optical properties are studied within wavelengths ranged from 245 nm to 1500 nm. Multi-optical energy band gaps (

E

g

) were observed in (PVOH-PEG) doped with NGB dye for the allowed indirect and direct transitions and showed a decrease with the addition of NGB dye. Analysis of the refractive index

n

offered a normal dispersion within the investigated wavelength region. The dependence of the dielectric constant

ε

′

,

loss ε″ and ac conductivity

σ

ac

on frequency (100 Hz–1 MHz) and NGB content were investigated at room temperature (RT). The addition of NGB tends to increase

σ

ac

of the (PVOH-PEG) blend, that serve in various semiconductor devices. The values of the frequency exponent

s

and the charge carriers binding energy

W

M

decrease in the presence of NGB dye and are interpreted by the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. Electric modulus formalism clarified the presence of a single relaxation peak with a relaxation time

τ

depends on the NGB wt. (%). The (current density

J

—electric field

E

) characteristics were studied at RT and showed a non-ohmic behavior. The current density

J

increased with the addition of NGB dye and the dc conduction is discussed in view of Schottky-Richardson and Poole–Frenkel theoretical models.
Higher-order smooth positons and breather positons of Sine-Gordon equation
Authors: Jiang Lin , Li Biao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
According to the N-soliton solution derived from Hirota’s bilinear method, higher-order smooth positons and breather positons are obtained efficiently through an ingenious limit approach. This paper takes the Sine-Gordon equation as an example to introduce how to utilize this technique to generate these higher-order smooth positons and breather positons in detail. The dynamical behaviors of smooth positons and breather positons are presented by some figures. During the procedure of deduction, the approach mentioned has the strengths of concision and celerity. In terms of feasibility and practicability, this approach can be exploited widely to study higher-order smooth positons and breather positons of other integrable systems.
Spectrum-locked high-power volume Bragg grating external-cavity diode laser
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Pan Huadong , Tan Shaoyang , Yu Hao , Liu Wuling , Xiao Yao , Wang Bangguo , Zhou Jun , Sun Shujuan , Zhao Wu , Gou Yudan , Wang Jun , Wang Sha , Zhou Shouhuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Spectrum-locked high-power diode lasers are extremely sought after in many fields. Here, we establish the volume Bragg grating external-cavity diode laser model and investigate the impact of facet reflectivity on the output spectrum. The simulation results emphasize that optimizing reflectivity can realize better spectrum-locking and side-mode suppression ratio. To prove the feasibility, we built a diode laser array with 20 single emitters. Three different facet reflectivity are prepared, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. As a result, the output spectrums of the array are improved obviously with the decrease in reflectivity. In the case of 0.1%, the side-mode is well suppressed under injection current up to 16 A, and the calculated current-spectrum shift is around 0.07 nm A−1. After beam combining and fiber coupling, an output power of 243.4 W and a brightness of about 11.2 MW cm−2-str is attained.
Insights on deepwater turbidite sedimentary features from outcrops in onshore Northwest Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mubin Mukhriz , Jirin Shamsudin , Harith Zuhar Zahir Tuan , Kadir Mohd Fauzi Abdul , Shamsuddin Annur Asma Sayyidah , Ghani Ahmad Fitri Abdul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses findings of sedimentary features observed from deepwater outcrops in Northwest Sabah. The observations were based on 7 outcrop localities of Lower Oligocene – Upper Oligocene sections around Klias and Kudat Peninsulas, and Kota Kinabalu, covering Temburong, Belait, West Crocker, and Kudat formations. Temburong Formation (Lower Oligocene-Lower Miocene) was observed at Menumbok (Stop 1) and Tanjung Aru (Stop 2). It comprises interbedded shale and sandstone turbidite sequence representing deposition in deepwater setting. At Batu Luang (Stop 3) the deepwater turbidite Temburong Formation is observed overlain unconformably by stacked fluvial channel deposits of Belait Formation (Middle to Upper Miocene). Here, the overlying fluvial deposits comprise predominantly conglomerates which are believed to represent basal Belait Formation lies over regional unconformable surface correlatatable to Deep Regional Unconformity (DRU). Deepwater West Crocker Formation (Lower Oligocene-Lower Miocene) was observed at King Fisher-Sulaman, Kota Kinabalu (Stop 4), composed of predominantly thick sandstone interbedded with shale. Meanwhile, Sikuati Member of the Kudat Formation (Lower Miocene) was observed at Pantai Sikuati (Stop 5) and Bukit ‘V’ (Stop 6) outcrops. It consists of interbedded sandstone and shale of turbidite successions. At Tanjung Simpang Mengayau (Stop 7) thick sandstone interbedded with thin shales of Kudat Formation was observed. In general, the Temburong Formation at Stops 1 and 2 show Bouma sequence of Ta-Tb-Te successions, but relatively thicker Te at Stop 1 suggesting a prolonged mud suspension deposit compared to Stop 2. At Stop 3, the deepwater Temburong Formation was subjected to a substantial tectonic uplift and massive erosion associated with DRU. Further northwards at Stop 4 West Crocker Formation exhibits thicker Ta successions which implies deposition within a slightly higher energy regime as compared to that of Temburong Formation at Stop 3. Meanwhile, at Stops 5 and 6 different depositional energy levels are shown in the lower and upper stratigraphic intervals. In the lower interval deposition took place within a higher energy condition as shown by thick Ta. It was followed by gradual decreasing depositional energy regime in the upper interval as shown by predominance Tc-Td-Te. Meanwhile, at Stop 7 a thick massive graded sandstone overlain by thin mudstone bed was observed which implies a prolonged Ta succession followed by short-term Te of mud suspension deposits.
3D penta-source marine seismic acquisition: an innovative approach to address the sampling challenge
Authors: Lim S.H. Sarah , Nabil M. , Yusoff M. , Hong Ho Koon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Penta-source acquisition is the latest addition to modern 3D Marine Seismic Acquisition Methods, a step ahead of the conventional dual and the more recent triple source acquisition methods. In the recent years, it has increasingly become popular due to its ability to deliver higher quality data enabled by finer cross-line sampling. This has been demonstrated through the Baxter Case Study (Hager et. all, 2016) where the 3D survey was successfully acquired and processed though the study area was relatively small. We present a case study from offshore Malaysia where penta-source acquisition method was adopted for the first time for a large 3D survey (~7000 sq.km) to enhance the data quality without compromising the acquisition efficiency. The survey was designed using a robust workflow to optimize acquisition parameters to meet the geophysical objectives, and executed safely and efficiently.
Determining subsurface geology with seismic refraction tomography survey
Authors: Tungka Marie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Seismic refraction tomography survey is one of the geophysical techniques that is the most popular and commonly used to determine subsurface geology in engineering application. It is fast, reliable, cheaper and cover bigger area in shorter time compared with borehole drilling and other geophysical techniques in providing continuous information on subsurface geology along the lengths of the seismic survey lines. However, the success of seismic refraction tomography survey depends on a few factors such as noise background, top soil features, geology of the site, limitation of the equipment, understanding of the theories and experiences in interpreting the seismic refraction tomography survey data. The method of seismic refraction tomography survey measures the first arrival time of the primary waves through the earth material after seismic signals were generated at several shot points with sledge hammer or explosives. In this paper, the applications of seismic refraction tomography survey in investigating the subsurface geology were discussed in two case studies. The first case study discussed the effect of geophone interval in the limit of depth penetration of seismic refraction tomography survey. Increasing the geophone interval would increase the limit of depth penetration, which helped in mapping the very deep bedrock profile. The second case study showed that the seismic refraction tomography survey results were able to indicate the highly irregular bedrock profiles and complexity of the subsurface geology such as shear zones. It was able to show the extent of the shear zones at the project area, which would have been missed by merely doing borehole drilling. Hydrothermally altered granite and quartz veins were encountered in the boreholes located along the shear zones. Both case studies showed good correlations between boreholes and seismic refraction tomography survey results.
Usability of the surface wave method in assessment for subsurface investigation
Authors: Jusoh Hisyam , Osman Syed Baharom Syed , Noh Khairul Arifin Mohd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil borehole drilling incorporating Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is frequently used for subsurface profiling and geotechnical calculations such as soil bearing capacity. Despite this conventional application, there are several limitations of soil boring and SPT involves. The primary objective is to propose an alternative method for geotechnical engineering application of soil profiling as supporting data by conducting Multichannel Analysis Surface Wave (MASW) for site investigation. In this study, the MASW was utilized to verify the reliability and capability of this method on conversion of shear wave velocity, Vs to SPT-N value. The calculated SPT-N value based on Vs using selected equation (Vs = 97N0.314) showed the reliability of the correlation between actual SPT-N value relationship was found strong (R2 = 0.8343). Results from the case study in general reveal the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile shows reading of 80 m/s to 160 m/s for the first 2-3 meter depth representing soft soil overlaying 2 meter layer of stiff soil with Vs between 130 m/s to 170 m/s followed by 4-10 meter hard material having Vs value between 190 m/s to 280 m/s before reaching harder stratum of 350 m/s and more. Therefore, the MASW can possibly be applied for SPT-N value determination as supporting data to the conventional SPT machine. The data of shear wave velocity also were correlated with actual SPT-N value so that the produced equation and can be applied based on the local region. Hence, produced empirical formulas from this study intend to provide the geotechnical engineer with a quick preliminary method of site investigation/assessment.
Research priorities for prehospital care of older patients with injuries: scoping review
Authors: Harthi Naif , Goodacre Steve , Sampson Fiona , Alharbi Rayan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and objective
There is increasing recognition of the importance of prehospital trauma care for older patients, but little systematic research to guide practice. We aimed to review the published evidence on prehospital trauma care for older patients, determine the scope of existing research and identify research gaps in the literature.

Methods
We undertook a systematic scoping review guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A systematic search was conducted of Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane library databases to identify articles published between 2001 and 2021. Study selection criteria were applied independently by two reviewers. Data were extracted, charted and summarised from eligible articles. A data-charting form was then developed to facilitate thematic analysis. Narrative synthesis then involved identifying major themes and subthemes from the data.

Results
We identified and reviewed 65 studies, and included 25. We identified five categories: ‘field triage’, ‘ageing impacts’, ‘decision-making’, ‘paramedic’ awareness’ and ‘paramedic’s behaviour’. Undertriage and overtriage (sensitivity and specificity) were commonly cited as poorly investigated field-triage subthemes. Ageing-related physiologic changes, comorbidities and polypharmacy were the most widely researched. Inaccurate decision-making and poor early identification of major injuries were identified as potentially influencing patient outcomes.

Conclusion
This is the first study reviewing the published evidence on prehospital trauma care for older patients and identifying research priorities for future research. Field-triage tools, paramedics’ knowledge about injuries in the older population, and understanding of paramedics’ negative behaviours towards older patients were identified as key research priorities.
Allowable room temperature excursions for refrigerated medications: A 20-year review
Authors: Orth Lucas E , Ellingson Amanda S , Azimi Sara F , Martinez Joseph T , Alhadad Amal A , Tran Brenda C , Allen Chase W , Nguyen Cecilia T , Duong Tony , Burkdoll Jordan S , Yoo Jenny , Blackmer Allison B , Jeffres Meghan N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this review was to build upon previous literature describing the maximum duration for which refrigerated medications can tolerate room temperature excursions while maintaining stability and potency.

Methods
During a 12-month period ending in June 2021, the prescribing information and published monographs from multiple pharmacy compendia were reviewed for all medications and biologic products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use since January 2000. Products that were subsequently withdrawn from the US market were excluded. When temperature excursion data was unavailable in published form, product manufacturers were surveyed via telephone and/or email. Acceptable storage information for all products for which storage is recommended at temperatures below room temperature (20-25 °C [68-77 °F]) was compiled and arranged in tabular format.

Results
Of the 705 products or formulations approved by FDA during the predefined time period, 246 were identified as requiring storage at temperatures below room temperature. After review of available prescribing information and manufacturer communications, if applicable, acceptable periods of excursion to temperatures at room temperature or higher were identified for 214 products (87%).

Conclusion
Information related to acceptable periods of room temperature excursion was compiled for a total of 214 products approved for US distribution since 2000. The included tables may increase patient safety and decrease medication loss or related expenditures.
Urdu Named Entity Recognition System Using Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Haq Rafiul , Zhang Xiaowang , Khan Wahab , Feng Zhiyong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental part of other natural language processing tasks such as information retrieval, question answering systems and machine translation. Progress and success have already been achieved in research on the English NER systems. However, the Urdu NER system is still in its infancy due to the complexity and morphological richness of the Urdu language. Existing Urdu NER systems are highly dependent on manual feature engineering and word embedding to capture similarity. Their performance lags if the words are previously unknown or infrequent. The feature-based models suffer from complicated feature engineering and are often highly reliant on external resources. To overcome these limitations in this study, we present several deep neural approaches that automatically learn features from the data and eliminate manual feature engineering. Our extension involved convolutional neural network to extract character-level features and combine them with word embedding to handle out-of-vocabulary words. The study also presents a tweets dataset in Urdu, annotated manually for five named entity classes. The effectiveness of the deep learning approaches is demonstrated on four benchmarks datasets. The proposed method demonstrates notable progress upon current state-of-the-art NER approaches in Urdu. The results show an improvement of 6.26% in the F1 score.
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia: an examination of existing definitions
Authors: Hou Cody R , Olshansky Brian , Cortez Daniel , Duval Sue , Benditt David G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a syndrome characterized by an elevated sinus rate unassociated with known physiological, pathological, or pharmacological causes. Despite published consensus documents, IST definitions appear to vary in the literature. In this study, we reviewed IST publications to evaluate IST definition variability and ascertain the degree to which consensus definitions are being adopted.

Methods and results
English-language articles in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Google Scholar published from 1 January 1970 to 1 June 2021 with the title terms ‘inappropriate sinus tachycardia,’ ‘non-paroxysmal sinus tachycardia,’ or ‘permanent sinus tachycardia’ were searched. In each, the IST definition used, qualifying characteristics, and publications cited to support each definition were recorded. We identified 138 publications meeting the search criteria. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia definitions were provided in 114 of 138 articles (83%). A majority of definitions (92/114, 81%) used distinct heart rate (HR) thresholds. Among these, the most common threshold was ≥100 beats per minute (BPM) (75/92, 82%), mainly measured at rest (54/92, 59%). Most definitions (47/92, 51%) included a second criterion to qualify for IST; these were most often an HR threshold of 90 BPM measured over 24 h by ambulatory electrocardiogram (37/47, 79%). Diagnosis of exclusion was a common criterion (75/92, 82%) but symptom status was not (41/92, 45%). The 2015 Heart Rhythm Society IST consensus was commonly cited but adopted in only 37% of definitions published after 2015.

Conclusions
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia definitions in current literature are inconsistent, and professional society consensus IST definitions have, to date, had limited impact.
Roles of abscisic acid in regulating ripening and quality of strawberry, a model non-climacteric fruit
Authors: Li Bai-Jun , Grierson Donald , Shi Yanna , Chen Kun-Song 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a dominant regulator of ripening and quality in non-climacteric fruits. Strawberry is regarded as a model non-climacteric fruit due to its extensive genetic studies and proven suitability for transgenic approaches to understanding gene function. Strawberry research has contributed to studies on color, flavor development, and fruit softening, and in recent years ABA has been established as a core regulator of strawberry fruit ripening, whereas ethylene plays this role in climacteric fruits. Despite this major difference, several components of the interacting genetic regulatory network in strawberry, such as MADS-box and NAC transcription factors, are similar to those that operate in climacteric fruit. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of ABA biosynthesis and signaling and the regulatory network of transcription factors and other phytohormones in strawberry fruit ripening. In addition to providing an update on its ripening, we discuss how strawberry research has helped generate a broader and more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of non-climacteric fruit ripening and focus attention on the use of strawberry as a model platform for ripening studies.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Burden and Healthcare Utilization in United States Infants &lt;1 Year of Age: Study of Nationally Representative Databases, 2011–2019
Authors: Suh Mina , Movva Naimisha , Jiang Xiaohui , Reichert Heidi , Bylsma Lauren C , Fryzek Jon P , Nelson Christopher B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalizations in United States infants aged &lt;1 year, but research has focused on select populations.

Methods
National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample and National Emergency Department (ED) Sample data (2011–2019) were used to report RSV hospitalization (RSVH), bronchiolitis hospitalization (BH), and ED visit counts, percentage of total hospitalizations/visits, and rates per 1000 live births along with inpatient mortality, mechanical ventilation (MV), and total charges (2020 US dollars).

Results
Average annual RSVH and RSV ED visits were 56 927 (range, 43 845–66 155) and 131 999 (range, 89 809–177 680), respectively. RSVH rates remained constant over time (P = .5), whereas ED visit rates increased (P = .004). From 2011 through 2019, Medicaid infants had the highest average rates (RSVH: 22.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 21.5–23.1] per 1000; ED visits: 55.9 [95% CI, 52.4–59.4] per 1000) compared to infants with private or other/unknown insurance (RSVH: P &lt; .0001; ED visits: P &lt; .0001). From 2011 through 2019, for all races and ethnicities, Medicaid infants had higher average RSVH rates (up to 7 times) compared to infants with private or other/unknown insurance. RSVH mortality remained constant over time (P = .8), whereas MV use (2019: 13% of RSVH, P &lt; .0001) and mean charge during hospitalization (2019: $21 513, P &lt; .0001) increased. Bronchiolitis patterns were similar.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of ensuring access to RSV preventive measures for all infants.