bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding why consumers in China switch between wild, farmed, and synthetic bear bile products
Authors: Hinsley Amy , Wan Anita Kar Yan , Garshelis David , Hoffmann Michael , Hu Sifan , Lee Tien Ming , Meginnis Keila , Moyle Brendan , Qiu Yingjie , Ruan Xiangdong , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn important rationale for legally farmed and synthetic wildlife products is that they reduce illegal, wild‐sourced trade by supplying markets with sustainable alternatives. For this to work, more established illegal‐product consumers must switch to legal alternatives than new legal‐product consumers switch to illegal wild products. Despite the widespread debate on the magnitude and direction of switching, studies among actual consumers are lacking. We used an anonymous online survey of 1421 traditional Chinese medicine consumers in China to investigate switching among legal farmed, synthetic, and illegal wild bear bile. We examined the past consumption behavior, applied a discrete choice experiment framed within worsening hypothetical disease scenarios, and used latent class models to investigate groups with shared preferences. Bear bile consumers (86% respondents) were wealthier, more likely to have family who consumed bile, and less knowledgeable about bile treatments than nonconsumers. Consumer preferences were heterogenous, but most consumer preferences switched between bile types as disease worsened. We identified five distinct latent classes within our sample: law‐abiding consumers (34% respondents), who prefer legal products and were unlikely to switch; two all‐natural consumer groups (53%), who dislike synthetics but may switch between farmed and wild; and two nonconsumer groups (12%), who prefer not to buy bile. People with past experience of bile consumption had different preferences than those without. Willingness to switch to wild products was related to believing they were legal, although the likelihood of switching was mediated by preferences for cheaper products sold in legal, familiar places. We found that consumers of wild bile may switch to legal alternatives, given the availability of a range of products, whereas legal‐product consumers may switch to illegal products if the barriers to doing so are small. Understanding preferences that promote or impede switching should be a key consideration when attempting to predict consumer behavior in complex wildlife markets.
Baseline data of a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (STEP study)
Authors: Hartmann Jessica A. , Nelson Barnaby , Amminger Günther Paul , Spark Jessica , Yuen Hok Pan , Kerr Melissa J. , Polari Andrea , Wallis Nicky , Blasioli Julie , Dixon Lisa , Carter Cameron , Loewy Rachel , Niendam Tara A. , Shumway Martha , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimResearch has shown that preventative intervention in individuals at ultra‐high risk of psychosis (UHR) improves symptomatic and functional outcomes. The staged treatment in early psychosis (STEP) trial aims to determine the most effective type, timing and sequence of interventions in the UHR population by sequentially studying the effectiveness of (1) support and problem solving, (2) cognitive‐behavioural case management and (3) antidepressant medication with an embedded fast‐fail option of (4) omega‐3 fatty acids or low‐dose antipsychotic medication. This paper presents the recruitment flow and baseline clinical characteristics of the sample.MethodsSTEP is a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. We present the baseline demographics, clinical characteristics and acceptability and feasibility of this treatment approach as indicated by the flow of participants from first contact up until enrolment into the trial. Recruitment took place between April 2016 and January 2019.ResultsOf 1343, help‐seeking young people who were considered for participation, 402 participants were not eligible and 599 declined/disengaged, resulting in a total of 342 participants enrolled in the study. The most common reason for exclusion was an active prescription of antidepressant medication. Eighty‐five percent of the enrolled sample had a non‐psychotic DSM‐5 diagnosis and symptomatic/functional measures showed a moderate level of clinical severity and functional impairment.DiscussionThe present study demonstrates the acceptability and participant's general positive appraisal of sequential treatment. It also shows, in line with other trials in UHR individuals, a significant level of psychiatric morbidity and impairment, demonstrating the clear need for care in this group and that treatment is appropriate.
Preparedness of recent dental graduates and final‐year undergraduate dental students for practice amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Pandarathodiyil Anitha Krishnan , Mani Shani Ann , Ghani Wan Maria Nabillah , Ramanathan Anand , Talib Rozaidah , Zamzuri Ahmad Termizi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental education involves performing clinical procedures on patients under expert supervision. The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted routine face‐to‐face teaching‐learning‐assessment dynamics world over. This study assessed the self‐perceived preparedness of dental undergraduate students for practice, whose clinical training was interrupted by the COVID‐19 pandemic from dental schools across Malaysia.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional web‐based questionnaire survey was done among new dental graduates of the academic year 2019‐2020 and the final year undergraduate students (academic year 2020‐2021) from dental schools in Malaysia, using the Dental Undergraduates Preparedness Assessment Scale (DU‐PAS), from 6th to 26th April 2021. The questionnaire addressed clinical skill competence, and cognitive and behavioral attributes. The number of respondents needed to achieve a confidence level of 95% with margin of error of 5% was 306.ResultsA total of 453 (243 final year students and 210 new graduates) responded from dental schools nationwide, with a response rate of 30.6%. The overall mean score for preparedness for dental practice was 76.3±14.7, for clinical skills 39.7±7.3, and behavioral and cognitive attributes 36.5±9.1. New graduates had significantly higher mean preparedness score (78.6±14.4) as compared to students in their final year (74.2±14.7). Performing endodontic treatment on multi‐rooted teeth had the lowest perceived competency (29.8%), followed by assessing treatment needs of patients requiring orthodontics (37.1%), prescribing drugs (46.6%) and providing crowns using principles of tooth preservation (48.1%).ConclusionsSatisfactory scores were obtained for most attributes. The final‐year cohort was significantly less prepared for dental practice compared to the newly graduated cohort.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with therapy‐related hematologic malignancies developing after multiple myeloma
Authors: Vasudevan Nampoothiri Ram , Pasic Ivan , Law Arjun Datt , Lam Wilson , Chen Carol , Michelis Fotios V. , Kim Dennis (Dong Hwan) , Gerbitz Armin , Lipton Jeffrey Howard , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Viswabandya Auro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has resulted in an increased recognition of therapy‐related hematological malignancies (t‐MDS/AML, t‐ALL, and t‐CMML). There are limited data on the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent HCT for t‐MDS/AML, t‐ALL, and t‐CMML developing after receiving treatment for MM at our center. Patients were analyzed for myeloma characteristics and therapy, time to diagnosis of therapy‐related hematological neoplasms, clinical, laboratory characteristics, transplant details, relapse‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsTwenty patients underwent HCT for therapy‐related hematological malignancies after MM (t‐MDS/AML = 13, t‐ALL = 6, t‐CMML = 1). Median(range) age at time of transplant was 62.5 (49–73) years and 70% (n = 14) were male. The most common cytogenetic abnormality was complex/monosomal karyotype in 30% (n = 6) followed by monosomy/deletion of chromosome 5 or 7 in 15% (n = 3) of patients each. Donors were human leukocyte antigen matched (10/10 or 6/6) siblings in 30% (n = 6), unrelated in 60% (n = 12) and haploidentical in 10% (n = 2) patients. Estimated 2‐year OS and RFS for the whole cohort were 53.1% and 47.2% respectively. There was a trend toward better survival in patients with t‐ALL when compared to t‐MDS/AML; however, the difference was not statistically significant. We did not find any pre‐transplant or post‐transplant factors that were predictive of survival outcomes after multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAllogeneic HCT provides substantial long‐term disease‐free survival in a proportion of patients with MM‐associated therapy‐related hematological malignancies. Multicenter studies with more patients and longer follow‐up may provide additional information about factors affecting outcomes.
EEG alpha and pupil diameter reflect endogenous auditory attention switching and listening effort
Authors: Haro Stephanie , Rao Hrishikesh M. , Quatieri Thomas F. , Smalt Christopher J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEveryday environments often contain distracting competing talkers and background noise, requiring listeners to focus their attention on one acoustic source and reject others. During this auditory attention task, listeners may naturally interrupt their sustained attention and switch attended sources. The effort required to perform this attention switch has not been well studied in the context of competing continuous speech. In this work, we developed two variants of endogenous attention switching and a sustained attention control. We characterized these three experimental conditions under the context of decoding auditory attention, while simultaneously evaluating listening effort and neural markers of spatial‐audio cues. A least‐squares, electroencephalography (EEG)‐based, attention decoding algorithm was implemented across all conditions. It achieved an accuracy of 69.4% and 64.0% when computed over nonoverlapping 10 and 5‐s correlation windows, respectively. Both decoders illustrated smooth transitions in the attended talker prediction through switches at approximately half of the analysis window size (e.g., the mean lag taken across the two switch conditions was 2.2 s when the 5‐s correlation window was used). Expended listening effort, as measured by simultaneous EEG and pupillometry, was also a strong indicator of whether the listeners sustained attention or performed an endogenous attention switch (peak pupil diameter measure [
] and minimum parietal alpha power measure [
]). We additionally found evidence of talker spatial cues in the form of centrotemporal alpha power lateralization (
). These results suggest that listener effort and spatial cues may be promising features to pursue in a decoding context, in addition to speech‐based features.
Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: Evidence from a reintroduction
Authors: Ranc Nathan , Cagnacci Francesca , Moorcroft Paul R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMost animals live in home ranges, and memory is thought to be an important process in their formation. However, a general memory‐based model for characterising and predicting home range emergence has been lacking. Here, we use a mechanistic movement model to: (1) quantify the role of memory in the movements of a large mammal reintroduced into a novel environment, and (2) predict observed patterns of home range emergence in this experimental setting. We show that an interplay between memory and resource preferences is the primary process influencing the movements of reintroduced roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Our memory‐based model fitted with empirical data successfully predicts the formation of home ranges, as well as emergent properties of movement and spatial revisitation observed in the reintroduced animals. These results provide a mechanistic framework for combining memory‐based movements, resource preferences, and the formation of home ranges in nature.
Skin amyloid deposits and nerve fiber loss as markers of neuropathy onset and progression in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Leonardi Luca , Adam Clovis , Beaudonnet Guillemette , Beauvais Diane , Cauquil Cécile , Not Adeline , Morassi Olivier , Benmalek Anouar , Trassard Olivier , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Adams David , Labeyrie Céline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to assess skin biopsy as a marker of disease onset and severity in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv‐PN), a treatable disease.MethodsIn this single center retrospective study, skin Congo red staining and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) were evaluated in symptomatic ATTRv‐PN patients and asymptomatic TTR gene mutation carriers between 2012 and 2019. Non‐ATTRv subjects with suspected small fiber neuropathy who underwent skin biopsy during the same timespan were used as controls.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐three symptomatic ATTRv‐PN patients, 36 asymptomatic carriers, and 537 non‐ATTRv patients were included. Skin biopsy demonstrated amyloid depositions in 80% of the 183 symptomatic cases. Skin amyloid deposits were found in 75% of early stage ATTRv‐PN patients, and in 14% of asymptomatic carriers. All 183 symptomatic and 34 of 36 asymptomatic patients displayed decreased ankle IENFD with a proximal–distal gradient distribution, and reduced IEFND correlated with disease severity and duration.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates skin amyloid deposits are a marker of ATTRv‐PN disease onset, and decreased IENFD a marker of disease progression. These results are of major importance for the early identification of ATTRv‐PN patients in need of disease‐modifying treatments.
RETRACTED: Data‐driven decision‐making model based on artificial intelligence in higher education system of colleges and universities
Authors: Teng Yusi , Zhang Jie , Sun Ting 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe quality of management decisions is one of the main issues facing higher education institutions today. Strategic decisions taken by the higher education institutions affect policies, schemes, and actions that the institutions are considering. Machine learning is an emergent artificial intelligence field that utilizes different algorithms, analyses data, and delivers a better understanding of the data contained in a specific context. Hence, in this paper, data‐driven decision‐making model has been proposed based on artificial intelligence in colleges and universities. Student data, graduation rate and curriculum design have been analysed for administrative decision‐making in college or university based on the machine learning method. With the availability of huge quantities and high‐quality input training data, machine‐learning progressions can attain precise outcomes and enable informed decision‐making. The experimental findings show that the suggested model improves the outcome ratio of 90.72%, the performance ratio of 97.62%, prediction ratio of 96.35%, decision‐making level of 95.51%, accuracy ratio of 95.61%, an efficiency ratio of 98.14%, graduation rate of 85.86%, data security rate (95.61%) and error rate 33.21% compared to other methods.
Stock splits and retail trading
Authors: Cox Justin , Van Ness Bonnie , Van Ness Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyze retail trading around both forward and reverse stock splits. While some suggest stock splits align prices in an optimal range, which results in disperse ownership with more persistent retail investor participation, Minnick and Raman suggest that the lack of retail trader participation mitigates the use of splits to align prices in an optimal range and contributes to decreased use of stock splits. We determine if stock splits still attract more retail trading as suggested by the optimal price range hypothesis. Our results suggest stock splits are not a “one size fits all” method for attracting retail traders. Whether retail trading is transitory or permanent for forward and reverse stock splits is dependent upon price.
Exploring the lived experiences of Singapore’s “opt‐out” mothers: Introducing “Professional Motherhood”
Authors: Kerrane Ben , Banister Emma , Wijaya Hadi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article explores the experiences of 10 educated middle‐class Singaporean women who act in contrast to the state's neoliberal focus on continuous employment, opting‐out of full‐time professional work to intensively parent their children. Using the theoretical lens of intensive motherhood and a qualitative longitudinal approach, we explore how these women legitimize their position, highlighting a culturally specific performance of motherhood (“Professional Motherhood”). Professional motherhood enrolls elements of former professional identities and skillsets into everyday motherhood, performed through three strategies: positioning, productive, and practicing motherhood. We contribute to existing literature by demonstrating that culturally informed variations of motherhood exist beyond the (largely Western) dominant lens of intensive motherhood ideology. Professional motherhood is experienced as a radical step by women, proving partially successful in legitimizing opt‐out decisions. However, by incorporating and further emphasizing deeply ingrained ideal worker expectations, women risk further upholding the state's competing logics and their obligations as mothers/workers.
A plague on higher education? COVID, Camus and Culture Wars in Australian universities
Authors: Welch Anthony 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWorldwide, COVID‐19 affected higher education, including finance, and international mobility. But some systems have been more affected than others; notably Anglophone systems that have been a preferred destination for a high proportion of international students. Australia presents a particularly interesting case. Particularly vulnerable to any significant downturn in international enrolments, given its high proportion of international students, and heavy dependence on their fees, the problem was exacerbated by growing US–China tensions, and resultant pressures on Australia and its universities. Culture Wars were also evident in the steadfast refusal of the national government to offer much financial support to the higher education sector, despite clear evidence of need arising from the COVID crisis. Using Culture War as analytic frame, the analysis explains and details these elements, as part of a case study of Australian higher education at a time of crisis. Beginning from an outline of international higher education before COVID, the article analyses key documents, data, and analysis regarding the pandemic, particularly the impact on universities in the face of declining international enrolments. Expected outcomes and impacts are summarised, and reflections are provided on the implications of the changes, for Australian higher education, and society, at least in the short‐term future.
Entrepreneurial higher education institutions: Development of the research and future directions
Authors: Syed Raihan Taqui , Singh Dharmendra , Spicer David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEntrepreneurial higher education institutions (HEIs) have gained significant traction, both in theory and practice. The concept has evolved from academic entrepreneurship, which gained prominence in the 1990s, into a more comprehensive notion at institutional level and has been an influencing factor for governmental decisions and the region's economic development. This study seeks to present an overview of the evolution of entrepreneurial HEI research and provide a description of the structures characterizing it. This paper presents an in‐depth examination and analysis of the current state of research and published literature related to entrepreneurial HEIs. A descriptive bibliometric analysis coupled with content analysis is presented, incorporating citations included in Scopus' multi‐disciplinary database over the last 25 years. Two software packages—VOS viewer and Bibliometrix R were employed to probe the research questions and create visualizations of the bibliometric networks. Thematic mapping of the multifaceted research field is illustrated and emerging trends of are identified. Findings suggest that the research on entrepreneurial HEI has been pioneered by USA followed by UK and other European countries. Moreover, the research seems to be fragmented and more focused on only entrepreneurial universities. Future research needs to consider colleges and smaller institutions alongside larger universities. Also, further steps need to be undertaken to encourage and enable cross‐border international collaboration, so as to draw learning together from different national and regional contexts.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of ternary mortars with brick powder, glass powder, slag, fly ash, and limestone
Authors: Tremiño Rosa María , Real‐Herraiz Teresa , Letelier Viviana , Ortega José Marcos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this research is to study the effects produced by ternary binders which combine the addition of waste brick powder with fly ash, limestone, ground granulated blast furnace slag or waste glass powder in the microstructure and mechanical properties of mortars. In these ternary binders, the ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced by 10% of waste brick powder and 10% of another of the abovementioned additions. Mortars prepared with ordinary Portland cement without additions were also prepared. The microstructure was characterized with mercury intrusion porosimetry, electrical resistivity, and thermogravimetric analyses. Ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive and flexural strengths were also determined. Mortars made using ternary binders with two active additions showed higher pore refinement and higher electrical resistivity at 250 days. Furthermore, their compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity were relatively similar or even higher than that noted for reference specimens.
Investigation of intestinal microbiome in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients
Authors: Yüksekal Gülcan , Sevimli Dikicier Bahar , Koku Aydın Büşra , Yılmaz Kerem , Altındiş Mustafa , Köroğlu Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic urticaria is a disorder characterized by itchy erythematous plaques with edema lasting 6 weeks or more. The prevalence is 1%, and two thirds of these cases are “chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).” Drugs, food, infections, and systemic diseases may be etiologic factors for CSU, although it may be idiopathic.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the diversity and distribution of the intestinal microbiome in CSU patients with that of healthy individuals. The hypothesis was to determine the probable association of intestinal microbiome with CSU.MethodsThis study was conducted in Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology. In this study, 20 CSU patients and 10 healthy volunteers were included. Stool samples were collected from all participants. 16S RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed after isolation of DNA isolation from all samples.ResultsDiversity in microorganisms, stool pH averages, Bristol scores, and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were the significant changes between the two groups.LimitationsDue to high cost involved in microbiota studies, only a limited number of patients and volunteers participated.ConclusionThe alteration in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) may be an essential factor for CSU development and may explain idiopathic cases.