bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The merger fraction of post-starburst galaxies in UNIONS
Authors: Wilkinson Scott , Ellison Sara L , Bottrell Connor , Bickley Robert W , Gwyn Stephen , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Wild Vivienne 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Post-starburst galaxies (PSBs) are defined as having experienced a recent burst of star formation, followed by a prompt truncation in further activity. Identifying the mechanism(s) causing a galaxy to experience a post-starburst phase therefore provides integral insight into the causes of rapid quenching. Galaxy mergers have long been proposed as a possible post-starburst trigger. Effectively testing this hypothesis requires a large spectroscopic galaxy survey to identify the rare PSBs as well as high-quality imaging and robust morphology metrics to identify mergers. We bring together these critical elements by selecting PSBs from the overlap of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Canada–France Imaging Survey and applying a suite of classification methods: non-parametric morphology metrics such as asymmetry and Gini-M20, a convolutional neural network trained to identify post-merger galaxies, and visual classification. This work is therefore the largest and most comprehensive assessment of the merger fraction of PSBs to date. We find that the merger fraction of PSBs ranges from 19 per cent to 42 per cent depending on the merger identification method and details of the PSB sample selection. These merger fractions represent an excess of 3–46× relative to non-PSB control samples. Our results demonstrate that mergers play a significant role in generating PSBs, but that other mechanisms are also required. However, applying our merger identification metrics to known post-mergers in the IllustrisTNG simulation shows that 70 per cent of recent post-mergers (≲200 Myr) would not be detected. Thus, we cannot exclude the possibility that nearly all PSBs have undergone a merger in their recent past.
Magnetic fields on FIRE: Comparing B-fields in the multiphase ISM and CGM of simulated L* galaxies to observations
Authors: Ponnada Sam B , Panopoulou Georgia V , Butsky Iryna S , Hopkins Philip F , Loebman Sarah R , Hummels Cameron , Ji Suoqing , Wetzel Andrew , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hayward Christopher C 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The physics of magnetic fields (B) and cosmic rays (CRs) have recently been included in simulations of galaxy formation. However, significant uncertainties remain in how these components affect galaxy evolution. To understand their common observational tracers, we analyse the magnetic fields in a set of high-resolution, magnetohydrodynamic, cosmological simulations of Milky-Way-like galaxies from the FIRE-2 project. We compare mock observables of magnetic field tracers for simulations with and without CRs to observations of Zeeman splitting and rotation/dispersion measures. We find reasonable agreement between simulations and observations in both the neutral and the ionized interstellar medium (ISM). We find that the simulated galaxies with CRs show weaker ISM |B| fields on average compared to their magnetic-field-only counterparts. This is a manifestation of the effects of CRs in the diffuse, low density inner circumgalactic medium (CGM). We find that equipartition between magnetic and cosmic ray energy densities may be valid at large (&gt; 1 kpc) scales for typical ISM densities of Milky-Way-like galaxies, but not in their haloes. Within the ISM, the magnetic fields in our simulated galaxies follow a power-law scaling with gas density. The scaling extends down to neutral hydrogen number densities &lt; 300 cm−3, in contrast to observationally derived models, but consistent with the observational measurements. Finally, we generate synthetic rotation measure (RM) profiles for projections of the simulated galaxies and compare to observational constraints in the CGM. While consistent with upper limits, improved data are needed to detect the predicted CGM RMs at 10–200 kpc and better constrain theoretical predictions.
AstroSat view of ‘Clocked’ burster GS 1826-238: broad-band spectral nature of persistent and burst emission during soft state
Authors: Agrawal Vivek K , Nandi Anuj , Katoch Tilak 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we have carried out a detailed study of the ‘Clocked’ burster GS 1826 − 238 using ∼ 90 ks broad-band (0.7–60.0 keV) data obtained with AstroSat observatory. The source was observed during a soft spectral state and traced a ‘banana’ type track in the colour–colour diagram (CCD). We find that a combination of thermal component (multi-colour disc/bbodyrad) and Comptonized component is statistically good description for all the sections of the track in the CCD. The corona becomes optically thick (τ increases from ∼ 5 to 21) and cooler (kTe decreases from ∼ 4.8 to 2.2 keV) as the source moves up in the ‘banana’ branch. Probably cooling is caused by increase in the supply of soft-seed photons from the disc/boundary-layer. Reflection signature is observed at upper ‘banana’ branch of the source. Two type-I X-ray bursts are detected during the AstroSat observations. During the bursts, hard X-rays increased unlike previous observations where a reduction in hard X-rays is observed during the bursts. Decrease in the electron temperature and increase in the optical depth are observed during the bursts. The power spectral density of all the sections of the CCD can be represented by a pure power-law component. The strength of this component increases from ∼ 1 per cent to 4.5 per cent as the source moves up in the ‘banana’ track. Search for burst oscillations gave a null result. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of previous findings.
Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data with structural similarity
Authors: Cao Yingxin , Fu Laiyi , Wu Jie , Peng Qinke , Nie Qing , Zhang Jing , Xie Xiaohui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Multimodal single-cell sequencing technologies provide unprecedented information on cellular heterogeneity from multiple layers of genomic readouts. However, joint analysis of two modalities without properly handling the noise often leads to overfitting of one modality by the other and worse clustering results than vanilla single-modality analysis. How to efficiently utilize the extra information from single cell multi-omics to delineate cell states and identify meaningful signal remains as a significant computational challenge. In this work, we propose a deep learning framework, named SAILERX, for efficient, robust, and flexible analysis of multi-modal single-cell data. SAILERX consists of a variational autoencoder with invariant representation learning to correct technical noises from sequencing process, and a multimodal data alignment mechanism to integrate information from different modalities. Instead of performing hard alignment by projecting both modalities to a shared latent space, SAILERX encourages the local structures of two modalities measured by pairwise similarities to be similar. This strategy is more robust against overfitting of noises, which facilitates various downstream analysis such as clustering, imputation, and marker gene detection. Furthermore, the invariant representation learning part enables SAILERX to perform integrative analysis on both multi- and single-modal datasets, making it an applicable and scalable tool for more general scenarios.
HTCA: a database with an in-depth characterization of the single-cell human transcriptome
Authors: Pan Lu , Shan Shaobo , Tremmel Roman , Li Weiyuan , Liao Zehuan , Shi Hangyu , Chen Qishuang , Zhang Xiaolu , Li Xuexin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is one of the most used single-cell omics in recent decades. The exponential growth of single-cell data has immense potential for large-scale integration and in-depth explorations that are more representative of the study population. Efforts have been made to consolidate published data, yet extensive characterization is still lacking. Many focused on raw-data database constructions while others concentrate mainly on gene expression queries. Hereby, we present HTCA (www.htcatlas.org), an interactive database constructed based on ∼2.3 million high-quality cells from ∼3000 scRNA-seq samples and comprised in-depth phenotype profiles of 19 healthy adult and matching fetal tissues. HTCA provides a one-stop interactive query to gene signatures, transcription factor (TF) activities, TF motifs, receptor–ligand interactions, enriched gene ontology (GO) terms, etc. across cell types in adult and fetal tissues. At the same time, HTCA encompasses single-cell splicing variant profiles of 16 adult and fetal tissues, spatial transcriptomics profiles of 11 adult and fetal tissues, and single-cell ATAC-sequencing (scATAC-seq) profiles of 27 adult and fetal tissues. Besides, HTCA provides online analysis tools to perform major steps in a typical scRNA-seq analysis. Altogether, HTCA allows real-time explorations of multi-omics adult and fetal phenotypic profiles and provides tools for a flexible scRNA-seq analysis.
Switching G-quadruplex to parallel duplex by molecular rotor clustering
Authors: Xu Qiuda , Yang Mujing , Chang Yun , Peng Shuzhen , Wang Dandan , Zhou Xiaoshun , Shao Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Switching of G-quadruplex (G4) structures between variant types of folding has been proved to be a versatile tool for regulation of genomic expression and development of nucleic acid-based constructs. Various specific ligands have been developed to target G4s in K+ solution with therapeutic prospects. Although G4 structures have been reported to be converted by sequence modification or a unimolecular ligand binding event in K+-deficient conditions, switching G4s towards non-G4 folding continues to be a great challenge due to the stability of G4 in physiological K+ conditions. Herein, we first observed the G4 switching towards parallel-stranded duplex (psDNA) by multimolecular ligand binding (namely ligand clustering) to overcome the switching barrier in K+. Purine-rich sequences (e.g. those from the KRAS promoter region) can be converted from G4 structures to dimeric psDNAs using molecular rotors (e.g. thioflavin T and thiazole orange) as initiators. The formed psDNAs provided multiple binding sites for molecular rotor clustering to favor subsequent structures with stability higher than the corresponding G4 folding. Our finding provides a clue to designing ligands with the competency of molecular rotor clustering to implement an efficient G4 switching.
Facebook Intervention to Connect Alaska Native People With Resources and Support to Quit Smoking: CAN Quit Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Patten Christi A , Koller Kathryn R , Sinicrope Pamela S , Prochaska Judith J , Young Colleen , Resnicow Kenneth , Decker Paul A , Hughes Christine A , Merritt Zoe T , McConnell Clara R , Huang Ming , Thomas Timothy K 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is some evidence that social media interventions can promote smoking cessation. This randomized controlled pilot study is the first to evaluate the feasibility and potential efficacy of a Facebook smoking cessation intervention among Alaska Native (AN) adults.Aims and MethodsRecruitment and data collection occurred from December 2019 to March 2021. Participants were recruited statewide in Alaska using Facebook advertisements with a targeted sample of 60 enrolled. Participants were stratified by gender, age, and rural or urban residence and randomly assigned to receive referral resources on evidence-based cessation treatments (EBCTs) (control, n = 30) or these resources plus a 3-month, closed (private), culturally tailored, Facebook group (intervention, n = 31) that connected participants to EBCT resources and was moderated by two Alaska Native Trained Tobacco Specialists. Assessments were conducted online post-randomization at 1, 3, and 6 months. Outcomes were feasibility (recruitment, retention, and intervention engagement), self-reported use of EBCTs, and biochemically confirmed seven-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence.ResultsOf intervention participants, 90% engaged (eg posted, commented) more than once. Study retention was 57% at 6 months (no group differences). The proportion utilizing EBCTs was about double for intervention compared with the control group participants at 3 and 6 months. Smoking abstinence was higher for intervention than control participants at 3 months (6.5% vs. 0%, p = .16) but comparable at 6 months (6.4% vs. 6.7%, p = .97).ConclusionsWhile additional research is needed to promote long-term cessation, this pilot trial supports recruitment feasibility during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, consumer uptake, and a signal for intervention efficacy on the uptake of cessation treatment and short-term smoking abstinence.ImplicationsThis study is the first evaluation of a social media intervention for smoking cessation among Indigenous people. We learned that statewide Facebook recruitment of AN adults who smoke was feasible and there was a signal for the efficacy of a Facebook intervention on the uptake of EBCT and short-term (3 months) biochemically verified smoking abstinence. Clinically, social media platforms may complement current care models by connecting AN individuals and others living in hard-to-reach communities to cessation treatment resources.
Pharmacokinetic Analysis and In Vitro Synergy Evaluation of Cefiderocol, Sulbactam, and Tigecycline in an Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia Patient Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Kobic Emir , Abouelhassan Yasmeen , Singaravelu Kumara , Nicolau David P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial treatments for extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-AB) infections have proven lackluster, while dosing challenges in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy continue. We describe a patient receiving cefiderocol, ampicillin/sulbactam, and tigecycline for XDR-AB while undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. The clinical course, cefiderocol and sulbactam pharmacokinetics, and synergy assessments are described.
The tobacco-free fallacy: What paediatricians should know about herbal smoking products
Authors: Khorasani Arianne , Chadi Nicholas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
While e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use remains more common among youth, herbal smoking products are gaining interest and popularity among children and adolescents. Herbal smoking products are often touted as a safer alternative to tobacco smoking or nicotine vaping; however, research suggests that they emit significant levels of toxicants and carcinogens posing risks to child and adolescent health. The low perceived risk coupled with youth-friendly flavours and easy access may entice youth to use herbal smoking products and increase the risk of subsequent tobacco and substance use. We discuss what is known about the use, health effects, and regulations of herbal smoking products and present strategies for policymakers and paediatric providers to reduce the risks associated with these products for Canadian youth.
Genetic variation underlying differential ammonium and nitrate responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Katz Ella , Knapp Anna , Lensink Mariele , Keller Caroline Kaley , Stefani Jordan , Li Jia-Jie , Shane Emily , Tuermer-Lee Kaelyn , Bloom Arnold J , Kliebenstein Daniel J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element required for plant growth and productivity. Understanding the mechanisms and natural genetic variation underlying nitrogen use in plants will facilitate the engineering of plant nitrogen use to maximize crop productivity while minimizing environmental costs. To understand the scope of natural variation that may influence nitrogen use, we grew 1,135 Arabidopsis thaliana natural genotypes on two nitrogen sources, nitrate and ammonium, and measured both developmental and defense metabolite traits. By using different environments and focusing on multiple traits, we identified a wide array of different nitrogen responses. These responses are associated with numerous genes, most of which were not previously associated with nitrogen responses. Only a small portion of these genes appear to be shared between environments or traits, while most are predominantly specific to a developmental or defense trait under a specific nitrogen source. Finally, by using a large population, we were able to identify unique nitrogen responses, such as preferring ammonium or nitrate, which appear to be generated by combinations of loci rather than a few large-effect loci. This suggests that it may be possible to obtain novel phenotypes in complex nitrogen responses by manipulating sets of genes with small effects rather than solely focusing on large-effect single gene manipulations.
Ethylene response factor ERF.D7 activates auxin response factor 2 paralogs to regulate tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Gambhir Priya , Singh Vijendra , Parida Adwaita , Raghuvanshi Utkarsh , Kumar Rahul , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Despite the obligatory role of ethylene in climacteric fruit ripening and the identification of 77 ethylene response factors (ERFs) in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome, the role of few ERFs has been validated in the ripening process. Here, using a comprehensive morpho-physiological, molecular, and biochemical approach, we demonstrate the regulatory role of ERF D7 (SlERF.D7) in tomato fruit ripening. SlERF.D7 expression positively responded to exogenous ethylene and auxin treatments, most likely in a ripening inhibitor-independent manner. SlERF.D7 overexpression (OE) promoted ripening, and its silencing had the opposite effect. Alterations in its expression modulated ethylene production, pigment accumulation, and fruit firmness. Consistently, genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, lycopene biosynthesis, and cell wall loosening were upregulated in the OE lines and downregulated in RNAi lines. These transgenic lines also accumulated altered levels of indole-3-acetic acid at late-breaker stages. A positive association between auxin response factor 2 (ARF2) paralog’s transcripts and SlERF.D7 mRNA levels and that SlARF2A and SlARF2B are direct targets of SlERF.D7 underpinned the perturbed auxin–ethylene crosstalk for the altered ripening program observed in the transgenic fruits. Overall, this study uncovers that SlERF.D7 positively regulates SlARF2A/B abundance to amalgamate auxin and ethylene signaling pathways for controlling tomato fruit ripening.
Brodalumab, an anti–interleukin-17 receptor A monoclonal antibody, in axial spondyloarthritis: 68-week results from a phase 3 study
Authors: Kim Tae-Hwan , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Jeong Haeyoun , Nozaki Akiyo , Kobayashi Shigeto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of brodalumab, a fully human anti–interleukin-17 receptor A monoclonal antibody, in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods
Patients receiving subcutaneous brodalumab 210 mg during the 16-week double-blind period of this multicentre, phase 3 study conducted across Japan, Korea and Taiwan continued the same during the 52-week open-label extension, whereas patients receiving placebo switched to brodalumab 210 mg at week 16. Efficacy [Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) 40 and ASAS 20 response rates; change from baseline in AS Disease Activity Score using CRP (ASDAS-CRP)] and safety were evaluated.

Results
Overall, 145 patients (brodalumab, n = 77; placebo, n = 68) received brodalumab during the open-label extension. ASAS 40 response rates (95% CI) of 56.3% (44.7%, 67.3%) and 57.4% (44.1%, 70.0%) were achieved in the brodalumab and placebo groups, respectively, at week 68. ASAS 20 response rates (95% CI) achieved at week 68 in both treatment groups were similar [brodalumab, 71.3% (60.0%, 80.8%); placebo, 78.7% (66.3%, 88.1%)]. The least squares mean change (95% CI) in ASDAS-CRP at week 68 suggested a clinically important improvement (change, ≥1.1) in both treatment groups [brodalumab, –1.528 (–1.737, –1.319); placebo, –1.586 (–1.815, –1.357)]. The exposure-adjusted event rates (per 100 patient-years) for treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and drug-related TEAEs were 255.9 and 147.9, respectively; nasopharyngitis (35.6) and upper respiratory tract infection (14.7) were the most common TEAEs.

Conclusions
Brodalumab demonstrated sustained efficacy and a consistent safety profile in patients with axSpA over 68 weeks.

Study registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02985983
Nursing Government Affairs Advocacy Fellow
Authors: Muetzel Lori , Dye Mallory , O'brien Colleen , Milburn Stephanie , Rosselet Robin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The Nursing Government Affairs Advocacy (NGAA) Fellowship is an interdisciplinary collaboration between the Department of Nursing and the Office of Government Affairs at a university in the Midwestern region of the US. This article discusses the history of the NGAA Fellowship, the Fellow accomplishments, and the future of the Fellowship.
Readmission and Resource Utilization in Patients From Socioeconomically Distressed Communities Following Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Siegel Nicholas , Lambrechts Mark J. , Karamian Brian A. , Carter Michael , Magnuson Justin A. , Toci Gregory R. , Krueger Chad A. , Canseco Jose A. , Woods Barrett I. , Kaye David , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: September 2022

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To determine whether: (1) patients from communities of socioeconomic distress have higher readmission rates or postoperative healthcare resource utilization and (2) there are differences in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) based on socioeconomic distress.

Summary of Background Data:
Socioeconomic disparities affect health outcomes, but little evidence exists demonstrating the impact of socioeconomic distress on postoperative resource utilization or PROMs.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent lumbar fusion at a single tertiary academic center from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2021. Patients were classified according to the distressed communities index. Hospital readmission, postoperative prescriptions, patient telephone calls, follow-up office visits, and PROMs were recorded. Multivariate analysis with logistic, negative binomial regression or Poisson regression were used to investigate the effects of distressed communities index on postoperative resource utilization. Alpha was set at P<0.05.

Results:
A total of 4472 patients were included for analysis. Readmission risk was higher in distressed communities (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–2.87; P=0.028). Patients from distressed communities (odds ratio, 3.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.60–9.72; P=0.003) were also more likely to be readmitted for medical, but not surgical causes (P=0.514), and distressed patients had worse preoperative (visual analog-scale Back, P<0.001) and postoperative (Oswestry disability index, P=0.048; visual analog-scale Leg, P=0.013) PROMs, while maintaining similar magnitudes of clinical improvement. Patients from distressed communities were more likely to be discharged to a nursing facility and inpatient rehabilitation unit (25.5%, P=0.032). The race was not independently associated with readmissions (P=0.228).

Conclusion:
Socioeconomic distress is associated with increased postoperative health resource utilization. Patients from distressed communities have worse preoperative PROMs, but the overall magnitude of improvement is similar across all classes.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.