bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial adaptations throughout the Trypanosoma brucei life cycle
Authors: Zíková Alena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei has a digenetic life cycle that alternates between a mammalian host and an insect vector. During programmed development, this extracellular parasite encounters strikingly different environments that determine its energy metabolism. Functioning as a bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling center, the single mitochondrion of T. brucei is drastically remodeled to support the dynamic cellular demands of the parasite. This manuscript will provide an up‐to‐date overview of how the distinct T. brucei developmental stages differ in their mitochondrial metabolic and bioenergetic pathways, with a focus on the electron transport chain, proline oxidation, TCA cycle, acetate production, and ATP generation. Although mitochondrial metabolic rewiring has always been simply viewed as a consequence of the differentiation process, the possibility that certain mitochondrial activities reinforce parasite differentiation will be explored.
Patient dignity and dignified care: A qualitative description of hospitalised older adults perspectives
Authors: Fuseini Abdul‐Ganiyu , Rawson Helen , Ley Lenore , Kerr Debra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore older adults’ perspectives about dignity and dignified nursing care during acute hospitalisation in Ghana.BackgroundMaintaining hospitalised older adults’ dignity is an essential component of nursing care and one of the most important determinants of wellbeing. To date, no study has been published on older adults’ perspectives of dignified nursing care in the African context.Study designA qualitative descriptive research design.MethodsTwenty hospitalised older adults were purposively selected from the medical and surgical wards of a teaching hospital in Ghana. Data were gathered through semi‐structured interviews between April and August, 2021, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis techniques. The SRQR checklist was used to document reporting of the study.ResultsThe following four themes were identified: Effective nurse–patient communication, Maintaining patients’ privacy, Respectful and compassionate care provision and Providing quality and safe care. Dignity was preserved when patients were treated with respect and compassion, provided privacy, and had close family members involved in physical care. Identified barriers to dignity included inadequate information about their health condition, poor communication by the nurses, lack of autonomy, poorly designed healthcare infrastructure and inadequate privacy.ConclusionsSeveral enablers and barriers to dignified nursing care have been identified that have been discussed in previous studies. The unique factors identified in the Ghanaian context were family members’ involvement in physical care influenced by cultural and religious beliefs, environmental barriers to privacy and dignity and inadequate involvement in decision making.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses must treat older patients with respect, educate them about the health condition, involve them in care decisions, and identify their preferences regarding provision of hygiene needs, particularly in consideration of religious and cultural beliefs, including involvement of family members. Future planning of healthcare infrastructure needs to consider the importance of private cubicles with disability‐accessible ensuite bathrooms for patients’ comfort and privacy.
Patient and family perceptions of interprofessional collaborative teamwork: An integrative review
Authors: Sigmon Lorie B. , Reis Pamela J. , Woodard Elizabeth K. , Hinkle Julie F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo understand the patient and family perceptions of teamwork by synthesising existing evidence using the Interprofessional Education Collaborative Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice as a guiding framework.BackgroundAdvances in healthcare have resulted in more people living longer with health conditions, and patients and families have become the primary caregivers. The role of the interprofessional collaborative team supports a paradigm shift to a care model with the patient and family at the centre of healthcare decisions. However, patient and family views of interprofessional collaborative team care have rarely been studied.MethodsThe authors applied Whittmore and Knafl's methodology to conduct an integrative review of the literature. Databases searched included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed and PsycINFO along with reference searches. The studies included were those related to patient and family perceptions of teamwork published from 2000 to 2020. The IPEC Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice served as the guiding framework for analysis. A PRISMA flow chart documented the search, inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review.ResultsSeventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings identified differing perspectives by patients of the impact of the interprofessional collaborative team in their care which suggests that interventions to increase knowledge about interprofessional collaborative team care from the patient and family perspective may be beneficial.ConclusionsThere is limited research on understanding IPC teams from the patient and family viewpoint. This review reveals incongruencies in patient and provider perspectives of IPC teams and suggests the need for additional research about patient and family perspectives of teamwork. To fully implement the IPC team vision, perceptions of teamwork must be fully understood.
Application of a balloon‐type pressure sensor in texture evaluation of tongue‐crushable foods
Authors: Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA relationship has recently been suggested to exist between tongue pressure measured using balloon‐type sensors and the tongue‐crushable food range of individuals. This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of a balloon‐type pressure sensor for texture evaluation of tongue‐crushable soft foods. Six gellan gum gels were used as a soft food model. The fracture force and strain of gels were controlled at two and three levels by changing the gum concentration and acyl‐group content, respectively. The pressure sensor was inserted between a food sample and texture analyzer probe, and pressure values during compression of gels were measured. During the compression test, both the food and tongue‐pressure sensor were deformed, eventually leading to fracture of food gels. Using the tongue‐pressure sensor, the food gels fractured at lower force because of the shape of the sensor but showed longer displacement as the sensor deformed compared to without the sensor. Gels with low‐fracture force in the conventional test without the sensor exhibited lower fracture force, work, gradient, and true stress than those with high‐fracture force in the sensor test. Displacement, clearance, or distance from the bottom plate, and true stress at fracture were appropriate parameters for expressing the fracture characteristics. Both the true fracture stress and fracture pressure in the sensor test decreased with the fracture strain of gels in a conventional test. These results suggest that by using a larger balloon and faster sampling, the sensor can be used to determine the fracture behavior of tongue‐crushable foods.
Association of pneumonia with concentrations of virulent Rhodococcus equi in fecal swabs of foals before and after intrabronchial infection with virulent R. equi
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Kahn Susanne K. , Bordin Angela I. , Gonzales Giana M. , da Silveira Bibiana Petri , Bray Jocelyne M. , Legere Rebecca M. , Ramirez‐Cortez Sophia C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntragastric administration of virulent Rhodococcus equi protects foals against subsequent experimental intrabronchial (IB) infection, but it is unknown whether R. equi naturally ingested by foals contributes to their susceptibility to pneumonia.HypothesisFecal concentration of virulent R. equi before IB infection with R. equi is positively associated with protection from pneumonia in foals.AnimalsTwenty‐one university‐owned foals.MethodsSamples were collected from experimental studies. Five foals were gavaged with live, virulent R. equi (LVRE) at age 2 and 4 days; the remaining 16 foals were not gavaged with LVRE (controls). Fecal swabs were collected from foals at ages 28 days, immediately before IB infection. Foals were monitored for clinical signs of pneumonia, and fecal swabs were collected approximately 2 weeks after IB infection. Swabs were tested by quantitative PCR for concentration of virulent R. equi (ie, copy numbers of the virulence‐associated protein A gene [vapA] per 100 ng fecal DNA).ResultsFecal concentrations of virulent R. equi (vapA) before IB infection were significantly (P < .05) lower in control foals (25 copies/100 ng DNA [95% CI, 5 to 118 copies/100 ng DNA) that developed pneumonia (n = 8) than in healthy control foals (n = 8; 280 copies/100 ng DNA; 95% CI, 30 to 2552 copies/100 ng DNA) or those gavaged with LVRE (707 copies/100 ng DNA, 95% CI, 54 to 9207 copies/100 ng DNA).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGreater natural ingestion of LVRE might contribute to protection against pneumonia among foals.
Reflecting on diachronic Dutch books
Authors: Rescorla Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConditionalization governs how to reallocate credence in light of new evidence. One prominent argument in favor of Conditionalization holds that an agent who violates it is vulnerable to a diachronic Dutch book: a series of acceptable bets offered at multiple times that inflict a sure loss. van Fraassen argues that an agent who violates the Principle of Reflection is likewise vulnerable to a diachronic Dutch book. He concludes that agents should conform to both Conditionalization and Reflection. Some authors reply that Reflection is implausible and hence that there must be something wrong with diachronic Dutch book arguments. Other authors try to isolate a principled difference between the Dutch book argument for Conditionalization and the Dutch book argument for Reflection, such that the former argument may succeed even though the latter fails. I pursue a version of this strategy. I contend that, once we properly elucidate the notion of sure loss, non‐reflectors are not vulnerable to a sure loss. An agent who violates Reflection is not thereby subject to a diachronic Dutch book. Appearances to the contrary result from an unmotivated focus upon an overly narrow set of gambling scenarios.
Do 2H and 18O in leaf water reflect environmental drivers differently?
Authors: Cernusak Lucas A. , Barbeta Adrià , Bush Rosemary T. , Eichstaedt (Bögelein) Rebekka , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Flanagan Lawrence B. , Gessler Arthur , Martín‐Gómez Paula , Hirl Regina T. , Kahmen Ansgar , Keitel Claudia , Lai Chun‐Ta , Munksgaard Niels C. , Nelson Daniel B. , Ogée Jérôme , Roden John S. , Schnyder Hans , Voelker Steven L. , Wang Lixin , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , Wingate Lisa , Yu Wusheng , Zhao Liangju , Cuntz Matthias 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWe compiled hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope compositions (δ2H and δ18O) of leaf water from multiple biomes to examine variations with environmental drivers. Leaf water δ2H was more closely correlated with δ2H of xylem water or atmospheric vapour, whereas leaf water δ18O was more closely correlated with air relative humidity. This resulted from the larger proportional range for δ2H of meteoric waters relative to the extent of leaf water evaporative enrichment compared with δ18O. We next expressed leaf water as isotopic enrichment above xylem water (Δ2H and Δ18O) to remove the impact of xylem water isotopic variation. For Δ2H, leaf water still correlated with atmospheric vapour, whereas Δ18O showed no such correlation. This was explained by covariance between air relative humidity and the Δ18O of atmospheric vapour. This is consistent with a previously observed diurnal correlation between air relative humidity and the deuterium excess of atmospheric vapour across a range of ecosystems. We conclude that 2H and 18O in leaf water do indeed reflect the balance of environmental drivers differently; our results have implications for understanding isotopic effects associated with water cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and for inferring environmental change from isotopic biomarkers that act as proxies for leaf water.
Inactivation of the entire Arabidopsis group II GH3s confers tolerance to salinity and water deficit
Authors: Casanova‐Sáez Rubén , Mateo‐Bonmatí Eduardo , Šimura Jan , Pěnčík Aleš , Novák Ondřej , Staswick Paul , Ljung Karin 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) controls a plethora of developmental processes. Thus, regulation of its concentration is of great relevance for plant performance. Cellular IAA concentration depends on its transport, biosynthesis and the various pathways for IAA inactivation, including oxidation and conjugation.

Group II members of the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) gene family code for acyl acid amido synthetases catalysing the conjugation of IAA to amino acids. However, the high degree of functional redundancy among them has hampered thorough analysis of their roles in plant development.

In this work, we generated an Arabidopsis gh3.1,2,3,4,5,6,9,17 (gh3oct) mutant to knock out the group II GH3 pathway. The gh3oct plants had an elaborated root architecture, showed an increased tolerance to different osmotic stresses, including an IAA‐dependent tolerance to salinity, and were more tolerant to water deficit. Indole‐3‐acetic acid metabolite quantification in gh3oct plants suggested the existence of additional GH3‐like enzymes in IAA metabolism. Moreover, our data suggested that 2‐oxindole‐3‐acetic acid production depends, at least in part, on the GH3 pathway. Targeted stress‐hormone analysis further suggested involvement of abscisic acid in the differential response to salinity of gh3oct plants.

Taken together, our data provide new insights into the roles of group II GH3s in IAA metabolism and hormone‐regulated plant development.
An F‐box protein ACOZ1 functions in crossover formation by ensuring proper chromosome compaction during maize meiosis
Authors: Jing Juli , Wu Nan , Xu Wanyue , Wang Yingxiang , Pawlowski Wojciech P. , He Yan 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Meiosis is an essential reproductive process to create new genetic variation. During early meiosis, higher order chromosome organization creates a platform for meiotic processes to ensure the accuracy of recombination and chromosome segregation. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms underlying dynamic chromosome organization in plant meiosis.

Here, we describe abnormal chromosome organization in zygotene1 (ACOZ1), which encodes a canonical F‐box protein in maize.

In acoz1 mutant meiocytes, chromosomes maintain a leptotene‐like state and never compact to a zygotene‐like configuration. Telomere bouquet formation and homologous pairing are also distorted and installation of synaptonemal complex ZYP1 protein is slightly defective. Loading of early recombination proteins RAD51 and DMC1 is unaffected, indicating that ACOZ1 is not required for double strand break formation or repair. However, crossover formation is severely disturbed. The ACOZ1 protein localizes on the boundary of chromatin, rather directly to chromosomes. Furthermore, we identified that ACOZ1 interacts with SKP1 through its C‐terminus, revealing that it acts as a subunit of the SCF E3 ubiquitin/SUMO ligase complex.

Overall, our results suggest that ACOZ1 functions independently from the core meiotic recombination pathway to influence crossover formation by controlling chromosome compaction during maize meiosis.
Mathematics anxiety—where are we and where shall we go?
Authors: Cipora Krzysztof , Santos Flavia H. , Kucian Karin , Dowker Ann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss several largely undisputed claims about mathematics anxiety (MA) and propose where MA research should focus, including theoretical clarifications on what MA is and what constitutes its opposite pole; discussion of construct validity, specifically relations between self‐descriptive, neurophysiological, and cognitive measures; exploration of the discrepancy between state and trait MA and theoretical and practical consequences; discussion of the prevalence of MA and the need for establishing external criteria for estimating prevalence and a proposal for such criteria; exploration of the effects of MA in different groups, such as highly anxious and high math–performing individuals; classroom and policy applications of MA knowledge; the effects of MA outside educational settings; and the consequences of MA on mental health and well‐being.
Older adult’s longitudinal experiences of household isolation and social distancing during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Dunford Sandra , Clark Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to the global pandemic, governments have enforced household isolation and social distancing to reduce infection and mortality rate. However, the impact of prolonged enforced isolation for older people who are prone to social isolation and loneliness has yet to be understood.ObjectivesA longitudinal study to understand the lived experience of people aged 70 and older, living in England during COVID‐19 restrictions.MethodsAll participants completed five qualitative telephone interviews from 20 April to 7 July 2020. The majority completed individual interviews (n = 13), whilst two participants completed these interviews as a couple. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis completed from the perspective of hermeneutic phenomenology.ResultsThree themes included (1) engagement and confusion with government restrictions; (2) socialisation through virtual platforms and opportunistic physical social contact; and (3) accessing health care during COVID‐19 restrictions.ConclusionOlder people are committed to following government restrictions, and government campaigns need to consider the potential impact of placing an emphasis on avoiding healthcare services. Virtual platforms are supportive but not sufficient to reduce social isolation and loneliness of older people. Thus, nurses supporting older people living in the community need to understand these concepts to provide holistic care and support older people's mental and physical health.Implications for practiceNurses are ideally placed to support older people to understand the current government restrictions, when to attend acute healthcare services or to engage virtually with healthcare appointments, and to discuss the risks of physically socialising with others.
Rich and poor: How political governance crises have affected the relationship between diamond exports and economic growth in the Central African Republic
Authors: Yapatake Kossele Thales Pacific , Ndjakwa Tonga Manuella , Anning Lucy , Ngaba Mbai‐Akem Magalie Gabriella 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines the role played by political governance crises in the relationship between diamond exports and economic growth in the Central African Republic over the period 1978 to 2010. We used changes in constitution and government and politico‐military crises (including tensions, violence, and politically motivated protests) as proxies for a political governance crisis. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model and Bound Test for cointegration are employed to establish short‐run and long‐term relationships. The results show different impacts of the proxy of political governance crises in the relationship between diamond exports and economic growth. We argue that, in a bid to ensure that diamonds fuel economic growth, improving governance of the mining sector and the political governance environment must become a core priority of the country's development strategy.Related ArticlesAntwi‐Boateng, Osman, and Mamudu Abunga Akudugu. 2020. “Golden Migrants: The Rise and Impact of Illegal Chinese Small‐Scale Mining in Ghana.”Politics & Policy48(1): 135–67.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12342.Pelizzo, Riccardo. 2020. “Good Governance and Party System Change.”Politics & Policy48(2): 265–87.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12347.Tusalem, Rollin F. 2016. “The Effect of Historical Pact Making and Civic Associations on Democratic Outcomes.”Politics & Policy44(4): 712–50.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12166.
On the relationship between the error‐related negativity and anxiety in children and adolescents: From a neural marker to a novel target for intervention
Authors: Meyer Alexandria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current review focuses on our work on the relationship between the error‐related negativity (i.e., ERN) and anxiety in children and adolescents. The ERN is an event‐related potential (ERP) that appears as a negative deflection in the ERP waveform when individuals make errors and has been found to be increased in anxious individuals. We, and others, have extended this work into developmental populations, finding that the ERN can be measured reliably in children and that the ERN is increased among clinically anxious youth. Furthermore, we have found that the ERN predicts risk for increases in anxiety across development, among healthy and clinically anxious children. We have done work to elucidate what psychological phenomena the increased ERN among anxious children may reflect by creating a self‐report measure of error sensitivity (i.e., the Child Error Sensitivity Index) that relates to the ERN. Moreover, we review our work on parenting and the ERN, which suggests that harsh or critical parenting styles may potentiate the ERN in offspring. And, building on these findings, we discuss our recent work to develop novel, computerized intervention strategies to reduce the ERN and thereby risk for anxiety.
Cavity surface residues of PAD4 and SAG101 contribute to EDS1 dimer signaling specificity in plant immunity
Authors: Dongus Joram A. , Bhandari Deepak D. , Penner Eva , Lapin Dmitry , Stolze Sara C. , Harzen Anne , Patel Monika , Archer Lani , Dijkgraaf Lucas , Shah Jyoti , Nakagami Hirofumi , Parker Jane E. 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYArabidopsis pathogen effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) is controlled by a family of three lipase‐like proteins (EDS1, PAD4, and SAG101) and two subfamilies of HET‐S/LOB‐B (HeLo)‐domain “helper” nucleotide‐binding/leucine‐rich repeats (ADR1s and NRG1s). EDS1‐PAD4 dimers cooperate with ADR1s, and EDS1‐SAG101 dimers with NRG1s, in two separate defense‐promoting modules. EDS1‐PAD4‐ADR1 and EDS1‐SAG101‐NRG1 complexes were detected in immune‐activated leaf extracts but the molecular determinants for specific complex formation and function remain unknown. EDS1 signaling is mediated by a C‐terminal EP domain (EPD) surface surrounding a cavity formed by the heterodimer. Here we investigated whether the EPDs of PAD4 and SAG101 contribute to EDS1 dimer functions. Using a structure‐guided approach, we undertook a comprehensive mutational analysis of Arabidopsis PAD4. We identify two conserved residues (Arg314 and Lys380) lining the PAD4 EPD cavity that are essential for EDS1‐PAD4–mediated pathogen resistance, but are dispensable for the PAD4‐mediated restriction of green peach aphid infestation. Positionally equivalent Met304 and Arg373 at the SAG101 EPD cavity are required for EDS1‐SAG101 promotion of ETI‐related cell death. In a PAD4 and SAG101 interactome analysis of ETI‐activated tissues, PAD4R314A and SAG101M304R EPD variants maintain interaction with EDS1 but lose association, respectively, with helper nucleotide‐binding/leucine‐rich repeats ADR1‐L1 and NRG1.1, and other immune‐related proteins. Our data reveal a fundamental contribution of similar but non‐identical PAD4 and SAG101 EPD surfaces to specific EDS1 dimer protein interactions and pathogen immunity.