bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High fidelity deep learning‐based MRI reconstruction with instance‐wise discriminative feature matching loss
Authors: Wang Ke , Tamir Jonathan I. , De Goyeneche Alfredo , Wollner Uri , Brada Rafi , Yu Stella X. , Lustig Michael 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo improve reconstruction fidelity of fine structures and textures in deep learning‐ (DL) based reconstructions.MethodsA novel patch‐based Unsupervised Feature Loss (UFLoss) is proposed and incorporated into the training of DL‐based reconstruction frameworks in order to preserve perceptual similarity and high‐order statistics. The UFLoss provides instance‐level discrimination by mapping similar instances to similar low‐dimensional feature vectors and is trained without any human annotation. By adding an additional loss function on the low‐dimensional feature space during training, the reconstruction frameworks from under‐sampled or corrupted data can reproduce more realistic images that are closer to the original with finer textures, sharper edges, and improved overall image quality. The performance of the proposed UFLoss is demonstrated on unrolled networks for accelerated two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) knee MRI reconstruction with retrospective under‐sampling. Quantitative metrics including normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), and our proposed UFLoss were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare it with others.ResultsIn vivo experiments indicate that adding the UFLoss encourages sharper edges and more faithful contrasts compared to traditional and learning‐based methods with pure loss. More detailed textures can be seen in both 2D and 3D knee MR images. Quantitative results indicate that reconstruction with UFLoss can provide comparable NRMSE and a higher SSIM while achieving a much lower UFLoss value.ConclusionWe present UFLoss, a patch‐based unsupervised learned feature loss, which allows the training of DL‐based reconstruction to obtain more detailed texture, finer features, and sharper edges with higher overall image quality under DL‐based reconstruction frameworks. (Code available at:
https://github.com/mikgroup/UFLoss)
Effects of Ethanol Preservation on Larval and Fingerling Walleye and Gizzard Shad Body Size
Authors: Cristan Erik T. , Hansen Adam G. , Lepak Jesse M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Characterizing larval fish dynamics helps identify factors contributing to poor or strong recruitment events and informs stocking practices. Growth is fundamental to fish ontogeny and survival, especially during critical early life stages, which can depend heavily on access to prey. However, obtaining accurate body size measurements of larval fish in the field can be challenging and often means samples must be preserved for later analysis. Importantly, this process can affect fish size. Here, we examined the effects of preservation in 95% ethanol on the total lengths (mm) and wet weights (mg) of larval and fingerling Walleye Sander vitreus and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum collected from the field using pushed ichthyoplankton nets. We also estimated the time required for preservation effects to stabilize. Responses to preservation were similar between species, with consistent decreases in wet weights of ~40–70% depending on fish size, which took ~2 months to stabilize. Conversely, the response of total length was variable in direction, with lengths increasing or decreasing up to 5–10%. As a result, the average effect of preservation on total length was minimal (&lt;2.5% decreases). Walleye and Gizzard Shad body size play an important role in understanding their dynamics early in life, and the effects of preservation should be considered to accurately and precisely characterize size metrics.
The efficacy and safety of mirabegron for adult and child patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuanzhuo Chen , Liao Peng , Chi Zhang , Boya Li , Deyi Luo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of mirabegron for adult and child patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD).MethodsA comprehensive search for articles about mirabegron treatment of NLUTD patients was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Medicine, and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Retrospective studies and randomized‐controlled studies were included if they met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated by different quality evaluation methods according to study types. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed‐effects models or random models depending on heterogeneity. Clinical and urodynamic parameters were pooled to evaluate the efficacy, and safety was measured by adverse events rate.ResultsA total of 10 studies with 314 participants were finally included. Four retrospective and six prospective studies containing two randomized‐control trials met the inclusion criteria with moderate and high evidence levels. Compared to the baseline date, the pooled results suggested that patients who underwent mirabegron treatment presented less urinary frequency (MD = −0.70; 95% CI: −1.08 to −0.32; p < 0.01) and less incontinence (MD = −1.62; 95% CI: −2.20 to −1.03; p < 0.01), showed conspicuous improvements in adult and child patients' urodynamic parameters, while the incidence of adverse events (10.0% on average, 0%–31.25%) also demonstrated the safety of mirabegron.ConclusionMirabegron can significantly improve urodynamic parameters and quality of life in adult and child patients with NLUTD, and increase patient compliance with a smaller complication rate.
New Insight on Carbon Dioxide‐Mediated Hydrogen Production**
Authors: Morawski Antoni W. , Kusiak‐Nejman Ewelina , Pełech Iwona , Ćmielewska Katarzyna , Sibera Daniel , Staciwa Piotr , Wanag Agnieszka , Gano Marcin , Ekiert Ewa , Kapica‐Kozar Joanna , Witkowski Kordian , Narkiewicz Urszula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new approach to hydrogen production from water is described. This simple method is based on carbon dioxide‐mediated water decomposition under UV radiation. The water contained dissolved sodium hydroxide, and the solution was saturated with gaseous carbon dioxide. During saturation, the pH decreased from about 11.5 to 7–8. The formed bicarbonate and carbonate ions acted as scavengers for hydroxyl radicals, preventing the recombination of hydroxyl and hydrogen radicals and prioritizing hydrogen gas formation. In the presented method, not yet reported in the literature, hydrogen production is combined with carbon dioxide. For the best system with alkaline water (0.2 m NaOH) saturated with CO2 under UV‐C, the hydrogen production amounted to 0.6 μmol h−1 during 24 h of radiation.
Local ecological knowledge and education drive farmers' contrasting perceptions of scavengers and their function in Nepal
Authors: Bhattacharjee Aishwarya , Sadadev Bipana Maiya , Karmacharya Dikpal Krishna , Baral Rishi , Pérez‐García Juan M. , Giménez Casalduero Andrés , Sánchez‐Zapata José A. , Anadón José D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

There is a long‐standing relationship between humans and vertebrate scavengers, as scavengers' contributions take on regulating (e.g. nutrient recycling and disease control), material (e.g. competition and livestock depredation) and non‐material (e.g. sky burials and ecotourism) roles in society. A social–ecological approach to studying biodiversity is increasingly needed, since the inclusion of local perceptions and knowledge has proven critical for effective conservation programs and ecosystem management.

We examine livestock farmers' perceptions and knowledge related to vertebrate scavengers in the highly diverse Chitwan‐Annapurna Landscape (Nepal) and assess the socio‐demographic traits that influence their perceived value of scavengers' ecosystem service provisioning (ESP) index, and function via scavenging services (SS).

Farmers' perceptions of functional importance (SS) showed species‐specific gradation, unlike ESP, where only avian scavengers were perceived as beneficial. Our results show that the perception of scavenging as a beneficial ecosystem service and its importance as a biological function are decoupled for facultative scavengers and coupled for obligate scavengers. Relatedly, we identify that affluence‐related traits drove positive perceptions of ESP, and local ecological knowledge‐based traits were linked to increased knowledge of function via SS.

Thus, this increased awareness of functional importance based on close contact with nature does not guarantee positive valuations of scavengers' contributions, whereas formal education did influence positive perceptions despite reduced awareness of function. Additionally, our findings suggest that existing environmental education measures are targeting the right groups, as these respondents coincide with lower favourability of scavengers' ecosystem services, but may be unable to overcome existing human–wildlife conflict.

For the first time in South Asia, we survey relevant community stakeholder's attitudes towards an entire scavenging guild and their associated benefits, detriments and functional importance. Our study illustrates the varied perceptions that exist for different scavenger species and closely examines a wide‐ranging set of socio‐demographic traits that show disparate influences on farmers' knowledge of ecological function and perceived ecosystem service benefits. Crucially, these findings can guide conservation and management priorities by considering the differences in public perception and awareness of scavenging, as well as the interpretation of nature's contribution to people.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Integrating computational pathology and proteomics to address tumor heterogeneity
Authors: Dent Anglin , Diamandis Phedias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite numerous advances in our molecular understanding of cancer biology, success in precision medicine trials has remained elusive for many malignancies. Emerging evidence now supports that these challenges are partly driven by proteogenomic discordances across molecular readouts and heterogeneous biology that is spatially distributed across tumors. Here we discuss these key limitations and how integrating the promise of mass‐spectrometry‐based global proteomics and computational imaging can help prioritize and direct regional sampling to help overcome these important challenges of biologic variation in cancer. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
To transplant, or not to transplant? That is the question. A patient advocate evaluation of autologous stem cell transplant in neuroblastoma
Authors: Bird Nicholas , Scobie Nicole , Palmer Antonia , Ludwinski Donna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has been a mainstay of high‐risk neuroblastoma treatment for several decades, demonstrating improvements in event‐free survival but with risks of serious or even life‐threatening acute toxicities, severe long‐term adverse health effects for survivors, and ongoing contention regarding overall survival benefit. The merits of ASCT in the modern era of immunotherapy are a source of debate among parents, advocates, and some physicians. Here we examine evidence for and against ASCT, explore parent attitudes and their turmoil over decision‐making, and strongly encourage international research consortia to develop a coordinated strategy to accelerate progress toward a future that avoids the routine use of ASCT in high‐risk neuroblastoma.
Healthcare utilization and the quality of life of children and adolescents with sickle cell disease
Authors: Moody Kendall L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/objectiveYouth diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of poor health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) due to the complexities associated with this disease. The literature notes that predictors such as pain and poor mental health are associated with increased healthcare access; however, the connection between healthcare use and their overall well‐being has been understudied. This study investigates whether healthcare utilization predicts the HRQOL in youth with SCD.Design/methodsPatients completed the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) 3.0 SCD module, whereas the researcher conducted a retrospective chart review to gather patient characteristics such as emergency room (ER) and hospitalization occurrences over the past 12 months.ResultsThe study consisted of 150 pediatric patients with SCD, ages 8‐17 years old, and their parents. Patients with ≥ 4 ER visits and hospitalizations reported worse HRQOL scores than their respective counterparts. Additionally, a higher frequency of ER visits (P = 0.05) and hospitalizations (P = 0.005) predicted lower HRQOL scores. Age (P = 0.04) also emerged as a significant predictor for both regression models, as increased healthcare access among older patients with SCD was associated with poorer HRQOL.ConclusionThis study found that as youth with SCD require ER treatment and/or hospital admission, they are at increased risk for lower HRQOL, specifically as they get older. Findings suggest that attention should be paid to patients who require more frequent healthcare intervention. Improvement in outpatient care of pediatric patients with SCD may help to mitigate ER and inpatient use.
Categorization of COVID‐19 severity to determine mortality risk
Authors: Garry Elizabeth M. , Weckstein Andrew R. , Quinto Kenneth , Bradley Marie C. , Lasky Tamar , Chakravarty Aloka , Leonard Sandy , Vititoe Sarah E. , Easthausen Imaani J. , Rassen Jeremy A. , Gatto Nicolle M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeAlgorithms for classification of inpatient COVID‐19 severity are necessary for confounding control in studies using real‐world data.MethodsUsing Healthverity chargemaster and claims data, we selected patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 between April 2020 and February 2021, and classified them by severity at admission using an algorithm we developed based on respiratory support requirements (supplemental oxygen or non‐invasive ventilation, O2/NIV, invasive mechanical ventilation, IMV, or NEITHER). To evaluate the utility of the algorithm, patients were followed from admission until death, discharge, or a 28‐day maximum to report mortality risks and rates overall and by stratified by severity. Trends for heterogeneity in mortality risk and rate across severity classifications were evaluated using Cochran‐Armitage and Logrank trend tests, respectively.ResultsAmong 118 117 patients, the algorithm categorized patients in increasing severity as NEITHER (36.7%), O2/NIV (54.3%), and IMV (9.0%). Associated mortality risk (and 95% CI) was 11.8% (11.6–12.0%) overall and increased with severity [3.4% (3.2–3.5%), 11.5% (11.3–11.8%), 47.3% (46.3–48.2%); p < 0.001]. Mortality rate per 1000 person‐days (and 95% CI) was 15.1 (14.9–15.4) overall and increased with severity [5.7 (5.4–6.0), 14.5 (14.2–14.9), 32.7 (31.8–33.6); p < 0.001].ConclusionAs expected, we observed a positive association between the algorithm‐defined severity on admission and 28‐day mortality risk and rate. Although performance remains to be validated, this provides some assurance that this algorithm may be used for confounding control or stratification in treatment effect studies.
Toughening Effect of Oxirane‐Tetrahydrofuran Polyether (PEOT) on Blended and Cross‐Linked Nitrocellulose
Authors: Ren Zhi , Li Xiao‐Jiang , Yan Qi‐Long , Song Zhen‐Wei , Wang Li‐Gang , Xie Lin‐Sheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of cross‐linked and physical blends of nitrocellulose (NC) with oxirane‐tetrahydrofuran copolyether (PEOT) in different proportions were prepared using toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) as a crosslinking agent. The critical mechanical properties were evaluated by a universal material tensile testing machine and the dynamic mechanical thermal analyses (DMA). The reaction mechanism of the crosslinking process as well as the interaction between NC and PEOT were studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). It was shown that as the mass fraction of PEOT increases, the Tg of the polymer blends gradually decreases, which can reach as low as −22.3 °C. It was further indicated that the low‐temperature mechanical properties of NC were significantly improved after blending. In comparison to the physical blending polymers, the miscibility between NC and PEOT was improved after cross‐linking reaction with TDI. When the mass fraction of NC was 50 %, the tensile strength of NC/PEOT physical blend and NC/PEOT/TDI cross‐linked blend reaches 20.82 MPa and 24.93 MPa, respectively. The corresponding elongation at break of these two systems was 96.58 % and 102.7 %, which means the toughening effect of PEOT on NC could be enhanced by crosslinking.
Combustion and Detonation Behaviour of Ammonium Perchlorate/Phosphorus(V) Nitride, P3N5
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian , Cudziło Stanisław , Trzciński Waldemar A. , Paszula Józef 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe combustion and detonation properties of formulations containing ammonium perchlorate (AP) and phosphorus(V) nitride, P3N5, CAS−No. [12136‐91‐3] were investigated. A stable ambient pressure combustion regime is found for compositions containing between 20–65 wt.‐% P3N5consolidated to 53–77 % theoretical density. A balanced formulation (AP/P3N5: 68.38/31.62 wt.‐%) is insensitive to friction, about as sensitive to impact as pure AP and does not detonate at 77 % TMD when subjected to the shock from a Comp A4 (RDX/wax) booster charge. Annular charges containing pure P3N5 or AP/P3N5: 68.38/31.62 wt.‐% placed around a cylindrical Comp A4 (RDX/Wax) core do not contribute to the blast pressure of the charge.
Polymetallic Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts for Epimerization of Glucose to Mannose
Authors: Peng Fubin , Sun Ying , Hua Chao , Bai Fang , Ma Hong , Hu Xiangping , Liu Xin , Zhang Meiyun , Wang Xinhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolybdenum‐based catalysts have been widely studied in the epimerization of glucose to mannose. In this paper, several polymetallic molybdenum‐based catalysts were prepared and the high activity and selectivity of catalysts containing different divalent metal ions were investigated. Unlike most previous studies, there is no need to add acid to adjust pH in this reaction. It was found that the yield of CuAlMoO4 and CuAgAlMoO4 catalysts could be kept above 28.9 % at the epimerization of glucose reaction. Compared with soluble Cu3Mo2O9 catalysts, the prepared catalysts showed better stability and catalytic activity during the reaction process. It was found that the catalysts without copper had no catalytic effect or poor catalytic effect, and the valence state of copper ion changed before and after the reaction, indicating that copper ion played a very important role in the reaction.
Nitrogen and Oxygen Co‐doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon by One‐Step Pyrolysis of PEG/Melamine/MgO Bulks for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Hu Renjie , Tan Shengnan , Song Rongjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSimple and convenient protocols for fabricating heteroatom‐doped hierarchical porous carbon are highly imperative owing to their superior electrochemical performance. Here, nitrogen and oxygen co‐doped hierarchical porous carbon materials (NOPCs) are facilely prepared by the one‐step carbonization of PEG‐200/melamine/MgO bulks within ten minutes. The solid bulks enable the synthesis more conveniently, and make the NOPCs have a uniform structure and high electrochemical performance. The optimized products, NOPC‐900, has the largest specific surface area (the SBET of 1248 m2 g−1), abundant mesopore structures (average pore diameter of 9.40 nm), with thin carbon walls (3–10 graphene layers), and the effective heteroatom doping (the content of N atom is 2.67 at.%, and O atom is 12.49 at.%). As a result, The NOPC‐900 displays the specific capacitance of 324 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a low IR drop of 0.018 V at 50 A g−1. When assembling NOPC‐900 into a symmetric two‐electrode supercapacitor, it presents the cell capacitance of 54.18 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and perseveres 84.6 % of initial capacitance at 10 A g−1. Meanwhile, the energy density of 19.12 Wh kg−1 is achieved at the power density of 425 W kg−1. The convenient preparation approach and excellent electrochemical performance render the NOPCs to be promising candidates for supercapacitor application.
Regulating Sodium Deposition through Gradiently‐Graphitized Framework for Dendrite‐Free Na Metal Anode
Authors: Sun Zhaowei , Ye Yadong , Zhu Jiawen , Zhou En , Xu Junjie , Liu Minghui , Kong Xianghua , Jin Song , Ji Hengxing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNa metal anode (NMA) is one of the most promising candidate materials for next‐generation low‐cost sodium metal batteries. However, the preferred deposition of Na metal at the anode/separator interface increases the risk of dendrite penetration of the separator, consequently, reduces safety and life of batteries with NMA. In this study, a Na deposition‐regulating strategy is shown by designing a gradiently graphitized 3D carbon fiber (CF) framework as host (grad‐CF), whereby Na is guided to deposit preferentially at the bottom of the anode, safely away from the separator. The obtained Na anode significantly reduces the probability of dendrite‐induced short circuits. The grad‐CF host enables NMA stable cycling at a high current density of 6 mA cm−2. When the Na@grad‐CF is applied as anode in full cells pared with Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode, it exhibits a reversible capacity of 73 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.13%.
Non‐Layered Te/In2S3 Tunneling Heterojunctions with Ultrahigh Photoresponsivity and Fast Photoresponse
Authors: Cao Xuanhao , Lei Zehong , Huang Baoquan , Wei Aixiang , Tao Lili , Yang Yibin , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Feng Xing , Li Jingbo , Zhao Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA photodetector based on 2D non‐layered materials can easily utilize the photogating effect to achieve considerable photogain, but at the cost of response speed. Here, a rationally designed tunneling heterojunction fabricated by vertical stacking of non‐layered In2S3 and Te flakes is studied systematically. The Te/In2S3 heterojunctions possess type‐II band alignment and can transfer to type‐I or type‐III depending on the electric field applied, allowing for tunable tunneling of the photoinduced carriers. The Te/In2S3 tunneling heterojunction exhibits a reverse rectification ratio exceeding 104, an ultralow forward current of 10−12 A, and a current on/off ratio over 105. A photodetector based on the heterojunctions shows an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 146 A W−1 in the visible range. Furthermore, the devices exhibit a response time of 5 ms, which is two and four orders of magnitude faster than that of its constituent In2S3 and Te. The simultaneously improved photocurrent and response speed are attributed to the direct tunneling of the photoinduced carriers, as well as a combined mechanism of photoconductive and photogating effects. In addition, the photodetector exhibits a clear photovoltaic effect, which can work in a self‐powered mode.