bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the landslide susceptibility and its spatial difference in the whole Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region by five learning algorithms
Authors: Sajadi Payam , Sang Yan-Fang , Gholamnia Mehdi , Bonafoni Stefania , Mukherjee Saumitra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLandslides are considered as major natural hazards that cause enormous property damages and fatalities in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this article, we evaluated the landslide susceptibility, and its spatial differencing in the whole Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region using five state-of-the-art learning algorithms; deep neural network (DNN), logistic regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), differing from previous studies only in local areas of QTP. The 671 landslide events were considered, and thirteen landslide conditioning factors (LCFs) were derived for database generation, including annual rainfall, distance to drainage$${(\mathrm{Ds}}_{\mathrm{d}})$$(Dsd), distance to faults$${(\mathrm{Ds}}_{\mathrm{f}})$$(Dsf), drainage density ($${D}_{d})$$Dd), elevation (Elev), fault density$$({F}_{d})$$(Fd), lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), plan curvature$${(\mathrm{Pl}}_{\mathrm{c}})$$(Plc), profile curvature$${(\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathrm{c}})$$(Prc), slope$${(S}^{^\circ })$$(S∘), stream power index (SPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI). The multi-collinearity analysis and mean decrease Gini (MDG) were used to assess the suitability and predictability of these factors. Consequently, five landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) maps were generated and validated using accuracy, area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity. The MDG results demonstrated that the rainfall, elevation, and lithology were the most significant landslide conditioning factors ruling the occurrence of landslides in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The LSP maps depicted that the north-northwestern and south-southeastern regions (< 32% of total area) were at a higher risk to landslide compared to the center, west, and northwest of the area (> 45% of total area). Moreover, among the five models with a high goodness-of-fit, RF model was highlighted as the superior one, by which higher accuracy of landslide susceptibility assessment and better prone areas management in QTP can be achieved compared to previous results.Graphical Abstract
Coping behavior versus coping style: characterizing a measure of coping in undergraduate STEM contexts
Authors: Henry Meredith A. , Shorter Shayla , Charkoudian Louise K. , Heemstra Jennifer M. , Le Benjamin , Corwin Lisa A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs technology moves rapidly forward and our world becomes more interconnected, we are seeing increases in the complexity and challenge associated with scientific problems. More than ever before, scientists will need to be resilient and able to cope with challenges and failures en route to success. However, we still understand relatively little about how these skills manifest in STEM contexts broadly, and how they are developed by STEM undergraduate students. While recent studies have begun to explore this area, no measures exist that are specifically designed to assess coping behaviors in STEM undergraduate contexts at scale. Fortunately, multiple measures of coping do exist and have been previously used in more general contexts. Drawing strongly from items used in the COPE and Brief COPE, we gathered a pool of items anticipated to be good measures of undergraduate students’ coping behaviors in STEM. We tested the validity of these items for use with STEM students using exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, and cognitive interviews. In particular, our confirmatory factor analyses and cognitive interviews explored whether the items measured coping for persons excluded due to ethnicity or race (PEERs).ResultsOur analyses revealed two versions of what we call the STEM-COPE instrument that accurately measure several dimensions of coping for undergraduate STEM students. One version is more fine-grained. We call this the Coping Behaviors version, since it is more specific in its description of coping actions. The other contains some specific scales and two omnibus scales that describe what we call challenge-engaging and challenge-avoiding coping. This version is designated the Coping Styles version. We confirmed that both versions can be used reliably in PEER and non-PEER populations.ConclusionsThe final products of our work are two versions of the STEM-COPE. Each version measures several dimensions of coping that can be used in individual classrooms or across contexts to assess STEM undergraduate students’ coping with challenges or failures. Each version can be used as a whole, or individual scales can be adopted and used for more specific studies. This work also highlights the need to either develop or adapt other existing measures for use with undergraduate STEM students, and more specifically, for use with sub-populations within STEM who have been historically marginalized or minoritized.
Proposal of forceps force limiter design using leaf spring buckling
Authors: Noda Satsuya , Tokuoka Yasunori , Kuriu Satoru , Ishida Tadashi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo prevent accidents in minimally invasive surgeries, force limiters have been developed for forceps grippers. When a force limiter is in use, if the absolute value of its spring constant is reduced, the risk of damage to the organs decreases. This paper proposes the use of a leaf spring buckling mechanism as a force limiter for forceps. The results obtained indicate that the spring constant of a buckled leaf spring is lower than that of a normal coil spring. Furthermore, the use of a leaf spring allows the independent adjustment of its thickness and width, based on the stress and force values. This enables an easy calibration of the threshold value. In the experiments, the spring constant of the buckled leaf spring was$$1.5 \times 10^{-1}$$1.5×10-1 N/mm, which is half of that of a normal coil spring. After calibrating the gripping force, it was confirmed that the force limiter reduced the extent of damage to the dummy organs in the ex vivo experiments.
Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction enhances the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by inhibiting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: He Ying , Dong Xun-Hu , Zhu Qiong , Xu Ya-Li , Chen Ming-Liang , Liu Zheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a widely used noninvasive technology in both military and civilian medicine, which could enhance radiosensitivity of various tumors. However, little information is available regarding the effects of UTMD on radiotherapy for glioblastoma or the underlying mechanism. This study aimed to delineate the effect of UTMD on the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma and the potential involvement of autophagy.

Methods
GL261, U251 cells and orthotopic glioblastoma-bearing mice were treated with ionizing radiation (IR) or IR plus UTMD. Autophagy was observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), light chain 3 beta 2 (LC3B2) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) levels. Lentiviral vectors or siRNAs transfection, and fluorescent probes staining were used to explore the underlying mechanism.

Results
UTMD enhanced the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.01). UTMD inhibited autophagic flux by disrupting autophagosome-lysosome fusion without impairing lysosomal function or autophagosome synthesis in IR-treated glioblastoma cells. Suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1 or ATG5 siRNA had no significant effect on UTMD-induced radiosensitization in glioblastoma cells (P < 0.05). Similar results were found when autophagy was induced by rapamycin or ATG5 overexpression (P > 0.05). Furthermore, UTMD inhibited PGRMC1 expression and binding with LC3B2 in IR-exposed glioblastoma cells (P < 0.01). PGRMC1 inhibitor AG-205 or PGRMC1 siRNA pretreatment enhanced UTMD-induced LC3B2 and p62 accumulation in IR-exposed glioblastoma cells, thereby promoting UTMD-mediated radiosensitization (P < 0.05). Moreover, PGRMC1 overexpression abolished UTMD-caused blockade of autophagic degradation, subsequently inhibiting UTMD-induced radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells. Finally, compared with IR plus UTMD group, PGRMC1 overexpression significantly increased tumor size [(3.8 ± 1.1) mm2 vs. (8.0 ± 1.9) mm2, P < 0.05] and decreased survival time [(67.2 ± 2.6) d vs. (40.0 ± 1.2) d, P = 0.0026] in glioblastoma-bearing mice.

Conclusion
UTMD enhanced the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma partially by disrupting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy.
Mapping the prevalence of severe acute malnutrition in Papua, Indonesia by using geostatistical models
Authors: Jasper Paul , Jochem Warren C. , Lambert-Porter Emma , Naeem Umer , Utazi Chigozie Edson 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most life-threatening form of malnutrition, and in 2019, approximately 14.3 million children under the age of 5 were considered to have SAM. The prevalence of child malnutrition is recorded through large-scale household surveys run at multi-year intervals. However, these surveys are expensive, yield estimates with high levels of aggregation, are run over large time intervals, and may show gaps in area coverage. Geospatial modelling approaches could address some of these challenges by combining geo-located survey data with geospatial data to produce mapped estimates that predict malnutrition risk in both surveyed and non-surveyed areas.

Methods
A secondary analysis of cluster-level program evaluation data (n = 123 primary sampling units) was performed to map severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Papuan children under 2 years (0–23 months) of age with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km in Papua, Indonesia. The approach used Bayesian geostatistical modelling techniques and publicly available geospatial data layers.

Results
In Papua, Indonesia, SAM was predicted in geostatistical models by using six geospatial covariates related primarily to conditions of remoteness and inaccessibility. The predicted 1-km spatial resolution maps of SAM showed substantial spatial variation across the province. By combining the predicted rates of SAM with estimates of the population under 2 years of age, the prevalence of SAM in late 2018 was estimated to be around 15,000 children (95% CI 10,209–26,252). Further tests of the predicted levels suggested that in most areas of Papua, more than 5% of Papuan children under 2 years of age had SAM, while three districts likely had more than 15% of children with SAM.

Conclusions
Eradication of hunger and malnutrition remains a key development goal, and more spatially detailed data can guide efficient intervention strategies. The application of additional household survey datasets in geostatistical models is one way to improve the monitoring and timely estimation of populations at risk of malnutrition. Importantly, geospatial mapping can yield insights for both surveyed and non-surveyed areas and can be applied in low-income country contexts where data is scarce and data collection is expensive or regions are inaccessible.
Feasibility of a randomised trial of Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) with refugee youth: results from a pilot of the Swedish UnaccomPanied yOuth Refugee Trial (SUPpORT)
Authors: Rondung Elisabet , Leiler Anna , Sarkadi Anna , Bjärtå Anna , Lampa Elin , Löfving Sandra Gupta , Calam Rachel , Oppedal Brit , Keeshin Brooks , Warner Georgina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Although post-traumatic stress is prevalent among unaccompanied refugee minors (URM), there are few evidence-based psychological interventions for this group. Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) is a brief, manualised intervention for trauma-exposed youth, which has shown promising results in exploratory studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the use of TRT among URM by investigating key uncertainties relating to recruitment, randomisation, intervention delivery and data collection.

Methods
A 3-month long non-blinded internal randomised pilot trial with a parallel-group design assessed the feasibility of a planned nationwide multi-site RCT. URM with or without granted asylum were eligible if they were 14 to 20 years old, had arrived in Sweden within the last 5 years and had screened positive for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Quantitative data were collected pre- and post-intervention, and 18 weeks after randomisation. On-site individual randomisation (1:1) followed directly after pre-intervention assessment. Participants allocated to the intervention were offered seven weekly group-based TRT sessions. Quantitative pilot outcomes were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative information was gathered through on-site observations and follow-up dialogue with group facilitators. A process for Decision-making after Pilot and feasibility Trials (ADePT) was used to support systematic decision-making in moving forward with the trial.

Results
Fifteen URM (mean age 17.73 years) with PTSD symptoms were recruited at two sites. Three of the youths were successfully randomised to either TRT or waitlist control (TRT n = 2, waitlist n = 1). Fourteen participants were offered TRT for ethical reasons, despite not being randomised. Six (43%) attended ≥ 4 of the seven sessions. Seventy-three percent of the participants completed at least two assessments, with a response rate of 53% at both post-intervention and follow-up.

Conclusions
The findings demonstrated a need for amendments to the protocol, especially with regard to the procedures for recruitment and randomisation. Upon refinement of the study protocol and strategies, an adequately powered RCT was pursued, with data from this pilot study excluded.

Trial registration
ISRCTN47820795, prospectively registered on 20 December 2018
Role of intra-discal Vancomycin instillation in prevention post-operative discitis
Authors: Alawamry Ahmed , Makia Mansour AbdelMageed , Samir Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Post discectomy discitis is regarded as the most disabling cause of failed back surgery. Value of local intra-operative application of antibiotics in prevention of such complication has been a matter of debate. We evaluate the role of intraoperative intra-discal vancomycin powder instillation as a prophylaxis in prevention of postoperative discitis in patients undergoing microscopic discectomy. We allocated 100 patients undergoing discectomy equally into two groups. In the first group, a local Vancomycin powder was inserted into the disc space after finishing discectomy, and in the second group, nothing was inserted.

Results
The postoperative discitis was reported in 6 cases; of them, two patients were in the Vancomycin group (4%), while four patients were in the non-Vancomycin group (8%).

Conclusions
We concluded that the intra-operative prophylaxis, with intra-discal Vancomycin, decreased the incidence of postoperative discitis but without significant statistical difference. We advocate using local vancomycin especially in high risk patients for prevention of post discectomy discitis.
Chemical entropy generation and second-order slip condition on hydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow embedded in a porous medium: a fast convergent method
Authors: Obalalu Adebowale Martins 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chemical entropy generation analysis is an approach to optimize the performance of different thermal systems by investigating the related irreversibility of the system. The influences of second-order slip with the chemical reaction on the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a non-Newtonian nanofluid in a non-Darcian porous medium have been investigated numerically. Simultaneous solutions are presented for first and second-order velocity slips. The second-order boundary conditions serve as a closure of a system of the continuity, transport, and energy differential equations. The current work differs from the previous studies in the application of a new second-order slip velocity model. The Casson fluid model is applied to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The effect of the second slip parameter on the present physical parameters was discussed through graphs and it was found that this type of slip is a very important one to predict the investigated physical model. The present study provides two fast convergent methods on the semi-infinite interval, namely Chebyshev collocation method and optimal homotopy analysis method are used to analyze the fluid flow, heat, and mass transport. Compared with available analytical and numerical solutions, current methods are effective, quickly converging, and with great accuracy. It was shown that the account for the second-order terms in the boundary conditions noticeably affects the fluid flow characteristics and does not influence on the heat transfer characteristics.
New heritable ATRX mutation identified by whole exome sequencing and review
Authors: Shahbazi Zahra , Rostami Golaleh , Hamid Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The mutations in the ATRX gene have been shown to cause two types of disorders: inherited mutations lead to alpha thalassemia X-linked mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome and acquired somatic mutations cause alpha thalassemia myelodysplastic syndrome (ATMDS). Here we report a case of ATRX gene mutation without completely features of ATR-X or ATMDS syndromes. Moreover we review previous reports of ATRX gene mutations in both ATR-X syndrome and ATMDS.

Methods
After sample collection and DNA extraction, whole exome sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq PE150 apparatus. The results were confirmed using Sanger sequencing for the patients and his relatives. Literature review was performed based on the published data in Web of science, Science direct, Springer link and Pubmed databases.

Results
We identified a hemizygous missense ATRX gene mutation (ATRX, c.2388A > C, p. K796N) as a new disease-causing variant in the patient, heterozygous situation for his mother and his father was hemizygous for wild type allele. The literatures of patients were reviewed regarding the ATR-X syndrome.

Conclusions
According to previous findings, inherited ATRX mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Therefore a person with a mild α-thalassemia phenotype may also has mutation in ATRX gene. Accordingly, it is critical for geneticist and physicians to increase awareness in molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemia patients.
Improving the accuracy of tumor surgery by THz imaging and making the results of pathological anatomy faster by THz spectroscopy
Authors: Tarabichi Siham , Al-Raeei Marwan , Solieva Oliya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The terahertz radiation is a specific part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum and has multiple significant applications in multiple scientific researches such as the applications in the medicine. An important application of the terahertz is its use in tumor imaging which is very important in the tumor surgery; however, lots of physicians and workers in the medical field have little information or having no information at all, dealing with this significant part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Results
In this work, we interviewed a number of local surgeons in Syrian Arab Republic, who reported that they visually delineate the contour of tumors to be removed, and in order to reduce the number of future possible interventions, a large margin of healthy tissue is often excised. Furthermore, a number of pathologists who reported that preparing samples of excised tissues for examination takes a long period of time which may extend to several days, and that the results of histopathology indicate in some cases the integrity of removed tissues.

Conclusion
We have found that a significant number of participants in the survey demonstrated that the importance of dealing with terahertz imaging and terahertz spectroscopy, encouraging to implement the technique in the Syrian Arab Republic.
A hyper-resolving polynomial aperture and its application in microscopy
Authors: Hamed A. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
A hyper-resolving aperture composed of a polynomial distribution is suggested. The point spread function (PSF) is computed and compared with that corresponding to linear, quadratic, and circular apertures. In addition, the influence of the number of zones on the PSF is discussed. An application on confocal scanning laser microscope using Siemen’s star pattern as an object considering the polynomial apertures is given.

Results
We have made polynomial apertures using MATLAB code, and we tested the resolution from the computation of the cut-off spatial frequency obtained from the computation of the point spread function.

Conclusions
We get compromised resolution and contrast for the polynomial apertures as compared with uniform circular apertures.
Cystic lymphangiomas of the tongue: 3 rare cases and a literature review of classifications and therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Cherrabi Kaoutar , Ouattassi Naouar , Titou Anouar , Kamal Dounia , El Alami Mohamed Noureddine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cystic lymphangiomas of the tongue are rare. The treatment consists of complete resection and management is generally interdisciplinary due to vital, functional, and esthetic comorbidities.
This work is a report of three rare cases of cystic lymphangioma of the tongue, with curious mode of presentation and good outcome, as well as a literature review of clinical features, classifications, and therapeutic possibilities.

Case presentation
This work presents three patients. The first one presented with a lymphangioma in the junction between base and body of tongue; the clinical aspect was first similar to hemangioma, and then the diagnosis was re-established after slight enlargement of the mass. The patient was treated with sclerotherapy with great outcome.
The second patient presented with a large lymphangioma which presented a clinical resemblance with a tumor of the tongue, the diagnosis was established upon radiological aspect and confirmed upon histological findings.
The third patient presented with a macroglossia which appeared 3 years after excision of the cystic hygroma of the neck; the patient was surgically treated with excellent outcome.

Conclusion
Cystic lymphangiomas are rare hamartomatous lymphatic malformations, and they have a predilection for head and neck but the lingual localization is quite rare. Treatment is complete excision. Management is generally interdisciplinary. The main objective is to prevent alteration to function, to treat esthetic comorbidities, and prevent speech impediment especially in very young children.
This is the cases of three young children with a rare lingual cystic lymphangioma, with adapted treatment and satisfactory outcome, with a literature review of clinical presentation, classifications, and therapeutic approaches.