bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the initiation of jasmonate biosynthesis in wounded leaves
Authors: Kimberlin Athen N , Holtsclaw Rebekah E , Zhang Tong , Mulaudzi Takalani , Koo Abraham J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe basal level of the plant defense hormone jasmonate (JA) in unstressed leaves is low, but wounding causes its near instantaneous increase. How JA biosynthesis is initiated is uncertain, but the lipolysis step that generates fatty acid precursors is generally considered to be the first step. Here, we used a series of physiological, pharmacological, genetic, and kinetic analyses of gene expression and hormone profiling to demonstrate that the early spiking of JA upon wounding does not depend on the expression of JA biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using a transgenic system, we showed how decoupling the responses to wounding and JA prevents the perpetual synthesis of JA in wounded leaves. We then used DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 (DAD1) as a model wound-responsive lipase to demonstrate that although its transient expression in leaves can elicit JA biosynthesis to a low level, an additional level of activation is triggered by wounding, which causes massive accumulation of JA. This wound-triggered boosting effect of DAD1-mediated JA synthesis can happen directly in damaged leaves or indirectly in undamaged remote leaves by the systemically transmitted wound signal. Finally, protein stability of DAD1 was influenced by wounding, α-linolenic acid, and mutation in its catalytic site. Together, the data support mechanisms that are independent of gene transcription and translation to initiate the rapid JA burst in wounded leaves and demonstrate how transient expression of the lipase can be used to reveal changes occurring at the level of activity and stability of the key lipolytic step.
Responsiveness and Interrater Reliability of the Short Form of Fullerton Advance Balance Scale in Women With Breast Cancer Following Chemotherapy
Authors: Sinaei Ehsan , Ansari Mansour , Zakeri Zeinab , Mousavi Forouzan , Siyanat Maryam , Kordi Yoosefinejad Amin 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective:
Reduced balance performance is among the most common consequences of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in women with breast cancer who receive taxane-based chemotherapy (TBC). We aimed to assess the responsiveness and interrater reliability of the short form of the Fullerton Advanced Balance (SF-FAB) scale in monitoring the balance status of women with breast cancer following a cycle of TBC and the scale's potential to detect balance changes in these people.

Methods:
In this measurement-focused study, 33 women diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited. After baseline assessments of the SF-FAB and the Revised and Shortened Total Neuropathy Score (TNSr-SF) by 2 raters, participants received 6 to 10 sessions of TBC with a mean interval of 2.61 weeks. After cessation of the chemotherapy cycle, outcomes were reassessed. Twenty-eight participants with a mean age of 46.50 (10.46) years completed the trial.

Results:
After the interventions, the SF-FAB score decreased significantly (P = .02) and the neuropathy score increased significantly (P < .001), indicating lowered balance and aggravated neuropathy. This study showed excellent interrater reliability for the total score of the SF-FAB, before and after TBC (intraclass correlation coefficient(2,2) ≥ 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.96-0.99). The internal consistency of the scale was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.97) and a moderate negative correlation was observed between the SF-FAB and neuropathy scores (r = −0.63), which was statistically significant (P ˂ .001).

Conclusion:
Reliable functional tests that are feasible and easy to apply, such as the SF-FAB scale, contribute to a quick screen of women with cancer who undergo TBC as a preliminary to further comprehensive assessments if necessary.
The Feasibility of Implementing Targeted SEDation in Mechanically Ventilated Emergency Department Patients: The ED-SED Pilot Trial
Authors: Fuller Brian M. , Roberts Brian W. , Mohr Nicholas M. , Faine Brett , Drewry Anne M. , Wessman Brian T. , Ablordeppey Enyo , Pappal Ryan D. , Stephens Robert J. , Sewatsky Thomas , Cho Nicholas S. , Yan Yan , Kollef Marin H. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Avidan Michael S. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Deep sedation in the emergency department (ED) is common, increases deep sedation in the ICU, and is negatively associated with outcome. Limiting ED deep sedation may, therefore, be a high-yield intervention to improve outcome. However, the feasibility of conducting an adequately powered ED-based clinical sedation trial is unknown. Our objectives were to assess trial feasibility in terms of: 1) recruitment, 2) protocol implementation and practice change, and 3) safety. Patient-centered clinical outcomes were assessed to better plan for a future large-scale clinical trial.

Design:
Pragmatic, multicenter (n = 3), prospective before-after pilot and feasibility trial.

Setting:
The ED and ICUs at three medical centers.

Patients:
Consecutive, adult mechanically ventilation ED patients.

Interventions:
An educational initiative aimed at reliable ED sedation depth documentation and reducing the proportion of deeply sedated patients (primary outcome).

Measurements and Main Results:
Sedation-related data in the ED and the first 48 ICU hours were recorded. Deep sedation was defined as a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale of –3 to –5 or a Sedation-Agitation Scale of 1–3. One thousand three hundred fifty-six patients were screened; 415 comprised the final population. Lighter ED sedation was achieved in the intervention group, and the proportion of deeply sedated patients was reduced from 60.2% to 38.8% (p < 0.01). There were no concerning trends in adverse events (i.e., inadvertent extubation, device removal, and awareness with paralysis). Mortality was 10.0% in the intervention group and 20.4% in the preintervention group (p < 0.01). Compared with preintervention, the intervention group experienced more ventilator-free days [22.0 (9.0) vs 19.9 (10.6)] and ICU-free days [20.8 (8.7) vs 18.1 (10.4)], p < 0.05 for both.

Conclusions:
This pilot trial confirmed the feasibility of targeting the ED in order to improve sedation practices and reduce deep sedation. These findings justify an appropriately powered clinical trial regarding ED-based sedation to improve clinical outcomes.
Fulminant Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infection in a Patient Discovered to Have Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Butterfield Joseph H. , Elliott Michelle A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) are at increased risk for anaphylaxis from vespid and honeybee stings. The response of mastocytosis patients to tick-borne infections has not been reported. A 77-year-old woman hospitalized for progressive symptoms of fever, chills, night sweats, and abdominal pain became obtunded and required intubation, support with pressors, treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation, and resuscitation from 3 episodes of asystole. During her evaluation, bone marrow biopsy revealed heretofore undiagnosed SM. A history of a tick bite 3 weeks previously was elicited when Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection was diagnosed. Institution of treatment with doxycycline led to gradual recovery. Ehrlichia chaffeensis–induced mast cell degranulation was felt to be responsible for many of her symptoms. This case is a cautionary report of the potential danger of tick-borne infection in patients with SM. How widespread this problem occurs is unknown and will depend on future surveillance in endemic areas.
Beliefs Associated With Sunscreen Use Among Non-Hispanic White Older Adults
Authors: Holman Dawn M. , Glanz Karen , Jordan Amy , Bleakley Amy , Dasari Sabitha 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
This study examines beliefs about sunscreen use among non-Hispanic white adults aged 50 years or older using online survey data (n = 237). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine beliefs associated with sunscreen use, adjusted by age, gender, education, geographic location, and skin cancer risk score. Those who believed sunscreen use would prevent them from getting sunburned (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84) and those who believed that their romantic partners thought they should use sunscreen (OR = 1.72) were more likely to report sunscreen use. Those who believed sunscreen use would “take too much time” were less likely to report sunscreen use (OR = 0.65). These findings can inform future research and messaging efforts, including the evaluation of intervention approaches that highlight the immediate benefits of sunscreen use, address concerns about sunscreen use taking too much time, and tap into the potential influence that older adults may have on the sunscreen use of their romantic partners.
Evaluating the Rate and Timing of Reactions Among Patients With Hansen’s Disease
Authors: Pino-y-Torres Bobbi L. , Flynn Amy L. , Dudley Mary P. , Lea Jacqueline W. , Luu Lori M. , Thornlow Deirdre K. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Immunologic reactions are a major complication of Hansen’s disease, also known as leprosy. To minimize reactions, clofazimine is added to multidrug therapy for its anti-inflammatory effect. Minocycline is an alternative antileprosy medication that has evidence to suggest it also has anti-inflammatory properties.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a difference in the frequency of reactional episodes and time of onset while receiving minocycline for Hansen's disease compared with multidrug therapy.

Methods
This study used an observational design comparing two independent groups.

Results
No differences were found between reaction occurrence and time to onset in patients who received either alternative therapy with minocycline or standard multidrug therapy treatment with clofazimine. Logistic regression indicated a significant association between borderline tuberculoid and reactions (χ2[1] = 3.898, p = .048). Patients with borderline tuberculoid were 68% less likely to develop reactions (Type 1 or 2) than other types of Hansen's disease while accounting for treatment, age, and race (OR = 0.320, 95% CI [0.103, 0.992]).

Conclusion
Although there was no significant difference in reaction rate between treatment groups, these findings indicate the clinical form borderline tuberculoid is a significant negative predictor for reactions. However, sample size limited the ability to determine significance based on reaction type.
Sensitivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 rapid antigen point-of-care tests in vaccinated patients
Authors: Bollinger Matthias , Saile Petra , Shapeton Alexander D. , Kohl Matthias , Kumle Bernhard 
Published: April 2022

Background and importance
Rapid antigen point-of-care tests (antigen POC tests) are frequently used to detect COVID-19 infections. Based on clinical impressions, we suspected that the sensitivity of antigen POC tests might be lower in vaccinated patients.

Objective
To evaluate the sensitivity of antigen POC tests in vaccinated patients.

Design, setting and participants
We retrospectively evaluated all patients over 18 years of age that tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in November 2021 at our institution, whose antigen POC test result had been recorded. We considered patients who were either fully vaccinated or unvaccinated, as well as whether they were symptomatic.

Outcome measure and analysis
We calculated the sensitivity of antigen POC tests in vaccinated and unvaccinated as well as in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and compared the results.

Results
A total of 4080 reverse transcription PCR tests were performed in our institution in November 2021, of which 360 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of those, 234 patients met inclusion criteria and were further evaluated. The sensitivity of the antigen POC test was only 39.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 31.3–48.1%] in vaccinated patients and differed significantly from the sensitivity of 53.3% (95% CI, 43.9–62.4%) in unvaccinated patients (difference of sensitivities, 13.9%; 95% CI, 1.1–26.1%). In symptomatic patients, the sensitivity increased by only 11.8% from 45.7% in all patients (95% CI, 39.5–52.1%) to 57.5% in symptomatic patients (95% CI, 49.9–64.7%). In asymptomatic patients, the antigen POC test was only able to detect SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in 16.4% of the cases (95% CI, 9.4–27.1%).

Conclusion
Point-of-care antigen tests are likely not useful for ruling out SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in vaccinated and asymptomatic patients, potentially due to lower viral load. Moreover, the use of these tests might lead to a false sense of security, especially when used by the public as part of a public health testing strategy.
Volumetric Analysis of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Predicting the Response to Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jiang Jianqin , Leng Yue , Liu Jia , Yin Jianbing , Xiao Yong , Gu Xiaowen , Zhang Liang , Fu Yigang , Xu Gaofeng , Cui Lei 
Published: April 2022

Objective
We aimed to prospectively investigate intravoxel incoherent motion parameters to predict the response to chemotherapy in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods
From July 2016 to March 2018, 30 advanced NSCLC patients were enrolled and underwent chest intravoxel incoherent motion–diffusion-weighted imaging at Siemens 3T magnetic resonance imaging before and at the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy. Regions of interest were drawn including the whole tumor volume to derive the apparent diffusion coefficient value, D, D*, and f, respectively. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the cutoff values of continuous variables. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the independent predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were generated.

Results
Among the 30 patients, 28 cases (93.3%) died and 2 cases (6.7%) survived till the closeout date. Univariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the significant predictors of PFS and OS were the tumor size reduction rate, the change rates of D and apparent diffusion coefficient values, and the D value before therapy (PFS: P = 0.015, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.841; P < 0.001, HR = 5.840; P = 0.044, HR = 2.457; and P = 0.027, HR = 2.715; OS: P = 0.008, HR = 2.987; P < 0.001, HR = 4.357; P = 0.006, HR = 3.313; and P = 0.013, HR = 2.941, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that △D% was identified as independent predictors of both PFS and OS (P = 0.003, HR = 9.200 and P = 0.016, HR = 4.617). In addition, the cutoff value of △D% was 21.06% calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the PFS and OS were significantly greater in the group of patients with △D% larger than 21.06% (log-rank test, χ2 = 16.453, P < 0.001; χ2 = 13.952, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Intravoxel incoherent motion–diffusion-weighted imaging was preferred for predicting the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. A D increase more than 21.06% at 1 month was associated with a lower rate of disease progression and death.
Reduced Chest Computed Tomography Scan Length for Patients Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Dose Reduction and Impact on Diagnostic Utility
Authors: Principi Sara , O'Connor Stacy , Frank Luba , Schmidt Taly Gilat 
Published: April 2022

Objective
This work aimed to retrospectively evaluate the potential of dose reduction on chest computed tomography (CT) examinations by reducing the longitudinal scan length for patients positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
This study used the Personalized Rapid Estimation of Dose in CT (PREDICT) tool to estimate patient-specific organ doses from CT image data. The PREDICT is a research tool that combines a linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for radiation dose map generation with deep learning algorithms for organ contouring. Computed tomography images from 74 subjects in the Medical Imaging Data Resource Center–RSNA International COVID-19 Open Radiology Database data set (chest CT of adult patients positive for COVID-19), which included expert annotations including “infectious opacities,” were analyzed. First, the full z-scan length of the CT image data set was evaluated. Next, the z-scan length was reduced from the left hemidiaphragm to the top of the aortic arch. Generic dose reduction based on dose length product (DLP) and patient-specific organ dose reductions were calculated. The percentage of infectious opacities excluded from the reduced z-scan length was used to quantify the effect on diagnostic utility.

Results
Generic dose reduction, based on DLP, was 69%. The organ dose reduction ranged from approximately equal to 18% (breasts) to approximately equal to 64% (bone surface and bone marrow). On average, 12.4% of the infectious opacities were not included in the reduced z-coverage, per patient, of which 5.1% were above the top of the arch and 7.5% below the left hemidiaphragm.

Conclusions
Limiting z-scan length of chest CTs reduced radiation dose without significantly compromising diagnostic utility in COVID-19 patients. The PREDICT demonstrated that patient-specific organ dose reductions varied from generic dose reduction based on DLP.
Differentiation of Prostate Cancer and Stromal Hyperplasia in the Transition Zone With Monoexponential, Stretched-Exponential Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in a Reduced Number of b Values: Correlation With Whole-Mount Pathology
Authors: Zhou Bingni , Liu Xiaohang , Gan Hualei , Gao Hongbo , Zhang Yong , Zhou Liangping , Gu Yajia 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
The aims of the study were to explore the feasibility of generating a monoexponential model (MEM), stretched-exponential model (SEM) based diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) by applying the same set of reduced b values and to compare their effectiveness in distinguishing prostate cancer from stromal hyperplasia (SH) in the transition zone (TZ) area.

Methods
An analysis of 75 patients who underwent preoperative DWI (b values of 0, 700, 1400, 2000 s/mm2) was performed. All lesions were localized on magnetic resonance images according to whole-mount histopathological correlations. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), water molecular diffusion heterogeneity index (α), distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC), mean diffusivity (MD), and mean kurtosis (MK) values were calculated and compared between the TZ cancer and SH groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were carried out for all parameters.

Results
Compared with the SH group, the ADC, DDC, α, and MD values of the TZ cancer group were significantly reduced, while the MK value was significantly increased (all P < 0.05). The AUCs of the ADC, DDC, α, MD, and MK were 0.828, 0.801, 0.813, 0.822, and 0.882, respectively. The AUC of MK was significantly higher than that of the other parameters (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
When using the reduced b-value set, all parameters from MEM, SEM, based DWI, and DKI can effectively distinguish TZ cancer from SH. Among them, DKI demonstrated potential clinical superiority over the others in TZ cancer diagnosis.
Opportunistic Detection of Coronary Calcium on Dual-Energy Lateral Chest Radiograph
Authors: Boswell Gilbert E. , Fong Raynard K. , Nayak Keshav R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death among men and women in the world. The majority of cardiac morbidity worldwide is secondary to atherosclerotic coronary disease. In this article, we discuss our experience using dual exposure, dual-energy lateral chest x-ray (CXR) technique to detect coronary calcium. Similar to other reports demonstrating opportunistic detection on imaging studies, here we demonstrate the added value of detection of coronary calcium on the lateral CXR. This technique reinforces the importance of “knowing where to look” and to recognize the appearance of coronary calcium wherein subtle cardiac motion can be a useful artifact in the accurate detection of coronary calcium. In addition, we discuss correlating coronary calcium burden with age, elaborate on the physics behind coronary calcium detection, and how best to optimize imaging technique. Lastly, we show other uses of dual-energy lateral CXR technique to illustrate where using material decomposition and subtle motion can better define contours in the mediastinum and lung.
Spreading of fake news, competence and learning: kinetic modelling and numerical approximation
Authors: Franceschi Jonathan , Pareschi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2022

The rise of social networks as the primary means of communication in almost every country in the world has simultaneously triggered an increase in the amount of fake news circulating online. The urgent need for models that can describe the growing infodemic of fake news has been highlighted by the current pandemic. The resulting slowdown in vaccination campaigns due to misinformation and generally the inability of individuals to discern the reliability of information is posing enormous risks to the governments of many countries. In this research using the tools of kinetic theory, we describe the interaction between fake news spreading and competence of individuals through multi-population models in which fake news spreads analogously to an infectious disease with different impact depending on the level of competence of individuals. The level of competence, in particular, is subject to evolutionary dynamics due to both social interactions between agents and external learning dynamics. The results show how the model is able to correctly describe the dynamics of diffusion of fake news and the important role of competence in their containment.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.
Optimal control of epidemic spreading in the presence of social heterogeneity
Authors: Dimarco G. , Toscani G. , Zanella M. 
Published: April 2022

The spread of COVID-19 has been thwarted in most countries through non-pharmaceutical interventions. In particular, the most effective measures in this direction have been the stay-at-home and closure strategies of businesses and schools. However, population-wide lockdowns are far from being optimal, carrying heavy economic consequences. Therefore, there is nowadays a strong interest in designing more efficient restrictions. In this work, starting from a recent kinetic-type model which takes into account the heterogeneity described by the social contact of individuals, we analyse the effects of introducing an optimal control strategy into the system, to limit selectively the mean number of contacts and reduce consequently the number of infected cases. Thanks to a data-driven approach, we show that this new mathematical model permits us to assess the effects of the social limitations. Finally, using the model introduced here and starting from the available data, we show the effectiveness of the proposed selective measures to dampen the epidemic trends.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Kinetic exchange models of societies and economies’.