bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Catalyzed Transformations Involving Azolium Enolates
Authors: Mondal Santigopal , Ghosh Arghya , Biju Akkattu T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent advances in the N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐organocatalyzed generation of azolium enolate intermediates and their subsequent interception with electrophiles are highlighted. The NHC‐bound azolium intermediates are generated by the addition of NHCs to suitably substituted aldehydes, acid derivatives or ketenes. A broad range of coupling partners can intercept the azolium enolates to form [2+n] cycloadducts (n=2,3,4) and various α‐functionalized compounds. The enantioselective synthesis of the target compounds are achieved with the use of chiral NHCs. Herein, we summarized the development that occurred in this subclass of NHC catalysis.
New phase space formulations and quantum dynamics approaches
Authors: He Xin , Wu Baihua , Shang Youhao , Li Bingqi , Cheng Xiangsong , Liu Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report recent progress on the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics with coordinate‐momentum variables, focusing more on new theory of (weighted) constraint coordinate‐momentum phase space for discrete‐variable quantum systems. This leads to a general coordinate‐momentum phase space formulation of composite quantum systems, where conventional representations on infinite phase space are employed for continuous variables. It is convenient to utilize (weighted) constraint coordinate‐momentum phase space for representing the quantum state and describing nonclassical features. Various numerical tests demonstrate that new trajectory‐based quantum dynamics approaches derived from the (weighted) constraint phase space representation are useful and practical for describing dynamical processes of composite quantum systems in the gas phase as well as in the condensed phase.This article is categorized under:
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics
Recovery of nickel from electroless nickel plating wastewater based on the synergy of electrocatalytic oxidation and electrodeposition technology
Authors: Jiang Tao , Guan Wei , Fu Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNickel exists primarily as a stable complex in electroless nickel plating wastewater, and the Ni recovery from it cannot be achieved solely through electrodeposition. As the electrocatalytic oxidation has excellent oxidation potential to break down the complex, an efficient and stable electrochemical system using the synergy of electrocatalytic oxidation and electrochemical deposition technology was developed for the recovery of nickel from electroless nickel plating wastewater. In the present study, the effects of initial pH, current density, and initial nickel ion concentration on the treatment performance of the electrochemical system was investigated. The highest Ni recovery (94.84%) and total organic carbon removal (63.94%) were achieved at a current density of 83.3 mA/cm2, initial pH of 3.0, and initial Ni concentration of 0.01 M. At the same time, the recovered nickel product was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, X‐ray powder diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the electrochemical system displayed good stability and economic benefits, thereby suggesting its excellent application potential for the treatment of electroless nickel plating wastewater.Practitioner Points

An efficient and stable electrochemical system was developed for the recovery of nickel from electroless nickel plating wastewater.
In an acidic medium, the nickel recovery rate and TOC removal ratio were 94.84% and 63.94%, respectively.
The system displayed good stability, thereby suggesting its excellent application potential for the treatment of nickel plating wastewater.
Low‐valent Mg(I) complexes by ball‐milling
Authors: Jędrzkiewicz Dawid , Langer Jens , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMechanochemistry has great potential in the syntheses of low‐valent Mg(I) complexes. Magnesium iodide precursors with three different β‐diketiminate (BDI) ligands of varying bulk have been reduced with K/KI (or Na/NaCl) using the ball‐mill. Depending on the steric bulk of the ligand, the raw products are intensely colored powders, indicating the presence of (BDI)Mg⋅ radicals. Extraction with pentane gave (BDI)Mg−Mg(BDI) in excellent yields. Reaction of the powder with H2 prior to extraction gave [(BDI)MgH]2. Extraction with benzene gave (BDI)Mg(C6H6)Mg(BDI) with a dearomatized puckered benzene dianion. Ball‐milling in the presence of triphenylbenzene gave a dinuclear Mg complex with a Ph3C6H3‐dianion which slowly decomposed to (BDI)Mg−Mg(BDI) and Ph3C6H3.
Autonomous Wireless Sensors via Graded Elastic Metamaterials
Authors: De Ponti Jacopo Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmongst the 17th Sustainable and Development Goals (SDGs), it’s crucial to ensure access to sustainable and modern energy, as emphasized by the Goal 7. This is not only relevant for large utilities, but also for tiny devices such as wireless sensors that can ubiquitously found in our information driven society. Recent advances in low-power consumption circuitry have enabled ultrasmall power integrated circuits, which can run with extremely low amount of power. For these reasons, energy harvesting can be used to self-power small electronic devices, using ambient waste energy from vibrations. Recent metamaterial technologies allow to dramatically increase the energy available for harvesting, and the operational bandwidth. A large-scale application of metamaterial-based energy harvesting could increase the sustainability in the global energy mix as well as provide improvement in energy efficiency.
Graphical Abstract
Displacement-Based Design of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pile-Supported Embankments to Increase Sustainability
Authors: Mangraviti Viviana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough the construction of concrete piles has a relevant environmental footprint, they are commonly used to reduce settlements of embankments on soft soil strata. A more sustainable choice to further reduce settlements (and, consequently, the number of piles) is to place geosynthetics below the embankment. However, existing design methods cannot calculate settlements at the embankment top and cannot be used to optimise the number of piles in a displacement-based design. In this note, an innovative model for assessing settlements at the top of Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported embankments induced by the embankment construction process is presented and validated against finite difference numerical analyses. The model is used to optimise the design of both piles and geosynthetic, and applied to a practical example, where the mass of CO2saved by designing geosynthetics to reduce the pile number.Graphical Abstract
Quantum thermodynamics of an M2-M5 brane system
Authors: Pourhassan Behnam , Aounallah Houcine , Faizal Mir , Upadhyay Sudhaker , Soroushfar Saheb , Aitenov Yermek O. , Wani Salman Sajad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We will investigate a system of M2-M5 branes as a black M2-M5 bound state. The behavior of this system will be investigated at short distances. At such scales, we will have to incorporate quantum gravitational corrections to the supergravity solutions. We will study the non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics of this black M2-M5 bound state. The quantum work for this solution will be obtained using the Jarzynski equality. We will also study the corrections to the thermodynamic stability of this system from quantum gravitational corrections. We will use the concept of a novel quantum mass to analyze the quantum gravitational corrections to the information geometry of this system. This will be done using effective quantum metrics for this system.
Exploring the orthosymplectic zoo
Authors: Akhond Mohammad , Carta Federico , Dwivedi Siddharth , Hayashi Hirotaka , Kim Sung-Soo , Yagi Futoshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the Higgs branch of the SCFT limit of 5d SO(6) and SO(8) gauge theory with hypermultiplets in the spinor and vector representations. In the case of SO(6) gauge theories, we contrast the magnetic quivers obtained with those of SU(4) gauge theory with hypermultiplets in the fundamental and second rank antisymmetric representations. Since SU(4) gauge theories admit several different values of the Chern-Simons level, we make some observations about how to distinguish those theories from the brane webs of the SO(6) theories. In the case of SO(8) gauge theories, we use SO(8) triality to propose (naively) inequivalent magnetic quivers, which will turn out to have the same moduli spaces of vacua, at least locally around their most singular loci. We encounter several interesting new phenomena occurring in the magnetic quivers, such as hypermultiplets between neighbouring symplectic gauge nodes and matter in two-index representations of unitary nodes. We also give a prescription for computing the local Coulomb branch Hilbert series for quivers involving bad USp(2) gauge nodes.
Matching next-to-leading-order and high-energy-resummed calculations of heavy-quarkonium-hadroproduction cross sections
Authors: Lansberg Jean-Philippe , Nefedov Maxim , Ozcelik Melih A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The energy dependence of the total hadroproduction cross section of pseudoscalar quarkonia is computed via matching Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) Collinear-Factorisation (CF) results with resummed higher-order corrections, proportional to $$ {\alpha}_s^n{\ln}^{n-1} $$

α
s
n

ln

n
−
1

(1/z), to the CF hard-scattering coefficient, where z = M2/$$ \hat{s} $$

s
̂

with M and $$ \hat{s} $$

s
̂

being the quarkonium mass and the partonic center-of-mass energy squared. The resummation is performed using High-Energy Factorisation (HEF) in the Doubly-Logarithmic (DL) approximation, which is a subset of the leading logarithmic ln(1/z) approximation. Doing so, one remains strictly consistent with the NLO and NNLO DGLAP evolution of the PDFs. By improving the treatment of the small-z asymptotics of the CF coefficient function, the resummation cures the unphysical results of the NLO CF calculation. The matching is directly performed in the z-space and, for the first time, by using the Inverse-Error Weighting (InEW) matching procedure. As a by-product of the calculation, the NNLO term of the CF hard-scattering coefficient proportional to $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

ln(1/z) is predicted from HEF.
Tasting flavoured Majorana dark matter
Authors: Acaroğlu Harun , Blanke Monika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study a simplified model of flavoured Majorana dark matter in the Dark Minimal Flavour Violation framework. The model extends the Standard Model by a dark matter flavour triplet and a scalar mediator, through which the new dark fermions couple to right-handed up-type quarks. This interaction is governed by a new coupling matrix λ which is assumed to constitute the only new source of flavour and CP violation. We analyse the parameter space of this model by using constraints from collider searches, D0−$$ \overline{D} $$

D
¯

0 mixing, cosmology and direct dark matter searches. Throughout our study, we point out crucial differences between the Majorana and Dirac dark matter cases. After performing a combined analysis within the context of all the experimental constraints mentioned above, we analyse which flavour for the dark matter particle is preferred by experimental data. We further investigate if this model is capable of explaining the large measured value of the direct CP asymmetry $$ \Delta {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{dir}} $$
∆

A
CP
dir

in charm decays. We find that significant enhancements with respect to the Standard Model expectation are compatible with all constraints, and even the central value of the measurement can be reached. We also advertise the flavour-violating final state with two same-sign top quarks produced in association with missing transverse energy as a smoking-gun signature for flavoured Majorana dark matter at the LHC.
Scalar field couplings to quadratic curvature and decay into gravitons
Authors: Ema Yohei , Mukaida Kyohei , Nakayama Kazunori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Any field, even if it lives in a completely hidden sector, interacts with the visible sector at least via the gravitational interaction. In this paper, we show that a scalar field in such a hidden sector generically couples to the quadratic curvature via dimension five operators, i.e., ϕR2, ϕRμνRμν, ϕRμνρσRμνρσ, ϕRμνρσ$$ {\overset{\sim }{R}}^{\mu \nu \rho \sigma} $$

R
~

μνρσ

, because they can emerge if there exist particles heavier than it. We derive these scalar couplings to the quadratic curvature by integrating out heavy particles in a systematic manner. Such couplings are of phenomenological interest since some of them induce the scalar decay into the graviton pair. We point out that the decay of a scalar field can produce a substantial amount of the stochastic cosmic graviton background at high frequency since the suppression scale of these operators is given by the mass of heavy particles not by the Planck scale. The resultant graviton spectrum is computed in some concrete models.
Solar active-sterile neutrino conversion with atomic effects at dark matter direct detection experiments
Authors: Ge Shao-Feng , Pasquini Pedro , Sheng Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The recent XENON1T excess can be explained by the solar active-sterile neutrino conversion with bound electrons via light mediator. Nevertheless, the atomic effects are usually omitted in the solar neutrino explanations. We systematically establish a second quantization formalism for both bound and ionized electrons to account for the atomic effects. This formalism is of great generality to incorporate various interactions for both neutrino and dark matter scatterings. Our calculation shows that the change in the cross section due to atomic effects can have important impact on the differential cross section. It is necessary to include atomic effects in the low-energy electron recoil signal at dark matter direct detection experiments even for energetic solar neutrinos. With the best-fit values to the XENON1T data, we also project the event rate at PandaX-4T, XENONnT, and LZ experiments.
Periostin in lymph node pre-metastatic niches governs lymphatic endothelial cell functions and metastatic colonization
Authors: Gillot Lionel , Lebeau Alizée , Baudin Louis , Pottier Charles , Louis Thomas , Durré Tania , Longuespée Rémi , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , Nizet Christophe , Blacher Silvia , Kridelka Frédéric , Noël Agnès 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important prognostic parameter in cervical cancer, the tissue remodeling at a pre-metastatic state is poorly documented in LNs. We here identified periostin (POSTN) as a component of non-metastatic LNs by applying proteomic analyses and computerized image quantifications on LNs of patients with cervical cancer. We provide evidence for remarkable modifications of POSTN and lymphatic vessel distributions and densities in non-metastatic sentinel and metastatic human LNs, when compared to distant non-metastatic LNs. POSTN deposition at a pre-metastatic stage was demonstrated in a pre-clinical murine model (the ear sponge assay). Its expression by fibroblastic LN cells was assessed by in situ hybridization and in vitro cultures. In vitro, POSTN promoted lymphatic endothelial cell functions and tumor cell proliferation. Accordingly, the in vivo injection of recombinant POSTN together with VEGF-C boosted the lymphangiogenic response, while the metastatic potential of tumor cells was drastically reduced using a POSTN blocking antibody. This translational study also supports the existence of an unprecedented dialog “in cascade”, between the primary tumor and the first pelvic nodal relay in early cervical cancer, and subsequently from pelvic LN to para-aortic LNs in locally advanced cervical cancers. Collectively, this work highlights the association of POSTN deposition with lymphangiogenesis in LNs, and provides evidence for a key contribution of POSTN in promoting VEGF-C driven lymphangiogenesis and the seeding of metastatic cells.
Cell wall channels of Rhodococcus species: identification and characterization of the cell wall channels of Rhodococcus corynebacteroides and Rhodococcus ruber
Authors: Piselli Claudio , Benier Lorraine , Koy Cornelia , Glocker Michael O. , Benz Roland 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe cell wall of Rhodococcus corynebacteroides formerly known as Nocardia corynebacteroides contains cell wall channels that are responsible for the cell wall permeability of this bacterium. Based on partial sequencing of the polypeptide subunits and a BLAST search, we identified one polypeptide of R. corynebacteroides (PorARc) and two polypeptides (PorARr and PorBRr) from the closely related bacterium Rhodococcus ruber. The corresponding genes, porARc (606 bp), porARr (702 bp), and porBRr (540 bp) are constituents of the known genome of R. corynebacteroides DSM-20151 and R. ruber DSM-43338, respectively. porARr and porBRr of R. ruber are possibly forming a common operon coding for the polypeptide subunits of the cell wall channel. The genes coding for PorARc and for PorARr and PorBRr without signal peptide were separately expressed in the porin-deficient Escherichia coli BL21DE3Omp8 strain and the proteins were purified to homogeneity. All proteins were checked for channel formation in lipid bilayers. PorARc formed channels with characteristics that were very similar to those of a previous study. The proteins PorARr and PorBRr expressed in E. coli could alone create channels in lipid bilayer membranes, despite the possibility that the two corresponding genes form a porin operon and that both subunits possibly form the cell wall channels in vivo. Based on amino acid sequence comparison of a variety of proteins forming cell wall channels in bacteria of the suborder Corynebacterineae, it seems very likely that PorARc, PorARr, and PorBRr are members of a huge family of proteins (PF09203) that form MspA-like cell wall channels.
Observed Frequent Occurrences of Marine Heatwaves in Most Ocean Regions during the Last Two Decades
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Zheng Fei , Zhu Jiang , Chen Xingrong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged high-temperature extreme events in the ocean that can be devastating to marine life and seriously impact climate systems and economies. This paper describes the accessibility, content, characteristics, and potential applications of an MHW dataset to facilitate its use in scientific research. Daily intensities of global MHWs from 1982 to 2020 were analyzed using gridded SST data sourced from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Optimum Interpolation (OI) SST V2 high-resolution (0.25°) dataset. The analysis shows a linear increase in the frequency of MHWs in most ocean regions of the world as well as significant interdecadal changes. This data product can be used as a basic dataset to study the seasonal to decadal changes in extreme ocean events and explore the effects of global warming on the surface layers of oceans during the last 40 years.
Alarmingly large unemployment gap despite of above-average education in adults with ASD without intellectual disability in Germany: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Espelöer Julia , Proft Julia , Falter-Wagner Christine M. , Vogeley Kai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), both getting access to as well as staying in the labor market are very challenging. However, the detailed educational, vocational, and employment characteristics of persons with ASD without intellectual disabilities are not yet studied. We conducted a retrospective study on a sample of 232 clinically late-diagnosed adults with ASD without intellectual disabilities. Data were compared to the general German population obtained from the public database of the German Federal Employment Agency. Results showed that the majority of persons with ASD graduated from high school and obtained a university entrance qualification (ASD: 50.4%; general population: 32.5%). Also, lower rates of basic secondary education were found in the ASD sample (ASD: 16.5%, general population: 29.6%). Significantly less individuals with ASD completed vocational training (40.1%) in comparison to the German population (56.3%). Despite the above-average level of education, the unemployment rate of the sample substantially exceeds that of the general population by the factor 5 (ASD: 25.2%; general population: 5.2%). Periods of unwanted unemployment of persons with ASD lasted on average 23 months with interpersonal problems being the main reason for contract termination. A higher level of educational qualification does not protect against a higher risk of unemployment for individuals with ASD presumably due to autism-specific interpersonal difficulties. Data emphasize the necessity to develop and spread both specific employment support activities for individuals with ASD as well as adequate awareness raising strategies. Funded by a public grant of the “Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR)”.
Metabolic mechanisms of acute proximal tubular injury
Authors: Hall Andrew M. , de Seigneux Sophie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDamage to the proximal tubule (PT) is the most frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. Diagnostic and treatment options for AKI are currently limited, and a deeper understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at a cellular level is required to rectify this situation. Metabolism in the PT is complex and closely coupled to solute transport function. Recent studies have shown that major changes in PT metabolism occur during AKI and have highlighted some potential targets for intervention. However, translating these insights into effective new therapies still represents a substantial challenge. In this article, in addition to providing a brief overview of the current state of the field, we will highlight three emerging areas that we feel are worthy of greater attention. First, we will discuss the role of axial heterogeneity in cellular function along the PT in determining baseline susceptibility to different metabolic hits. Second, we will emphasize that elucidating insult specific pathogenic mechanisms will likely be critical in devising more personalized treatments for AKI. Finally, we will argue that uncovering links between tubular metabolism and whole-body homeostasis will identify new strategies to try to reduce the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with AKI. These concepts will be illustrated by examples of recent studies emanating from the authors’ laboratories and performed under the auspices of the Swiss National Competence Center for Kidney Research (NCCR Kidney.ch).
Occipito-transtentorial approach for falcotentorial meningiomas: how I do it
Authors: Papadimitriou Kyriakos , Cossu Giulia , Rocca Alda , Daniel Roy Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare tumors that arise at the junction of the dural folds of the tentorium and falx cerebri, at the junction of the vein of Galen with the straight sinus with possible extensions along the course of the straight sinus. Surgery of falcotentorial meningiomas remains challenging due to the intimate neurovascular relationships in the posterior incisural space.

Methods
We describe the key steps of the occipito-transtentorial approach for falcotentorial meningiomas with a video illustration. The surgical anatomy is described along with the advantages and limitations of this approach.

Conclusion
The occipito-transtentorial approach offers good surgical exposure and outcomes in carefully selected patients harboring falcotentorial meningiomas. Precise understanding of the relationship between the tumor and the internal cerebral veins, basal veins, and vein of Galen should be thoroughly analyzed as these structures may be infiltrated or displaced.