bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Anti-Prostitution Advertising Campaigns Effective? An Experimental Study
Authors: Sáez Gemma , Muñiz-Velázquez José Antonio , Corradi Guido , Tapia Frade Alejandro J. , Aguilar Pilar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany governments invest public funds in communication interventions and campaigns against prostitution and sexual exploitation in an attempt to change attitudes toward prostitution and eventually decrease its consumption. Despite the considerable investment that public institutions have made in campaigns against prostitution and sexual slavery, no known empirical studies have evaluated the effectiveness of such campaigns on attitudes and behavioral change. The messages of these campaigns usually center on one of two thematic focuses: Prostituted women who suffer exploitation and male consumers of prostitution. The present study examines the impact of different anti-prostitution advertisements on attitudes among male participants (N= 155 male participants). Specifically, the experiment aims to test the differential effect of these two focuses, compared to a no-advertisement control condition, on social support for prostitution, negative and incorrect beliefs about prostitutes, and family values related to prostitution. The results show that compared with the no-advertisement control condition, advertisements focused on men who use prostitutes have a significant effect on social support toward prostitution and incorrect beliefs about prostitutes, whereas advertisements focused on female prostitutes have no effect. The results have practical implications for governments and councils regarding the efficacy of this kind of public communication campaign against prostitution consumption.
Twin Artists: Unique Sources of Inspiration and Talent/Twin Research Reviews: Ethnic and Racial Factors Affecting Type of Twin Delivery; Outcomes in Twins Conceived Naturally and With Reproductive Assistance; Delivery Time for Growth-Discordant Twins; 3D Study of Twins’ Facial Resemblance/In the Media: Baseball Players With Divergent Careers; Basketball Twins in the Elite 8; Twins’ Grave and Epitaph; Twins Conceived Three Times in 2 Years; Twins in the Hockey Hall of Fame; Superfetated Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe unique sources of artistic inspiration and talent of twin artists are examined. The professional literature is rich with twin studies of creativity, but lacking when it comes to specific artistic domains — for example, painting and sculpting. The section that follows provides reviews of current research on ethnic and racial factors affecting type of twin delivery, pregnancy outcomes when twins are conceived naturally or with reproductive assistance, the effects of intrauterine growth discordance on the timing of twin delivery, and three-dimensional (3D) assessment of twins’ facial resemblance. The final section summarizes information about twins in the media. The stories include twins distinguished for both baseball playing and physical injuries, twins who reached the National College Athletic Association’s Elite 8, a twin pair’s grave and epitaph, a mother who conceived twins three times in 2 years, twins in the Hockey Hall of Fame, and a set of superfetated twins.
Ecological and Environmental Stability in Offshore Southern California Marine Basins Through the Holocene
Authors: Palmer Hannah M. , Hill Tessa M. , Kennedy Esther G. , Roopnarine Peter D. , Langlois Sonali , Reyes Katherine R. , Stott Lowell D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the face of ongoing marine deoxygenation, understanding timescales and drivers of past oxygenation change is of critical importance. Marine sediment cores from tiered silled basins provide a natural laboratory to constrain timing and implications of oxygenation changes across multiple depths. Here, we reconstruct oxygenation and environmental change over time using benthic foraminiferal assemblages from sediment cores from three basins across the Southern California Borderlands: Tanner Basin (EW9504‐09PC, 1,194 m water depth), San Nicolas Basin (EW9504‐08PC, 1,442 m), and San Clemente Basin (EW9504‐05PC,1,818 m). We utilize indicator taxa, community ecology, and an oxygenation transfer function to reconstruct past oxygenation, and we directly compare reconstructed dissolved oxygen to modern measured dissolved oxygen. We generate new, higher resolution carbon and oxygen isotope records from planktic (Globigerina bulloides) and benthic foraminifera (Cibicides mckannai) from Tanner Basin. Geochemical and assemblage data indicate limited ecological and environmental change through time in each basin across the intervals studied. Early to mid‐Holocene (11.0–4.7 ka) oxygenation below 1,400 m (San Clemente and San Nicolas) was relatively stable and reduced relative to modern. San Nicolas Basin experienced a multi‐centennial oxygenation episode from 4.7 to 4.3 ka and oxygenation increased in Tanner Basin gradually from 1.7 to 0.8 ka. Yet across all three depths and time intervals studied, dissolved oxygen is consistently within a range of intermediate hypoxia (0.5–1.5 ml L−1 [O2]). Variance in reconstructed dissolved oxygen was similar to decadal variance in modern dissolved oxygen and reduced relative to Holocene‐scale changes in shallower basins.
Paleomagnetic Study of the Late Miocene Volcanic Sequence in Sonora, Mexico: Clockwise Vertical Axis Rotation Related to the Oblique Rifting in the Pacific‐North American Plate Boundary
Authors: Velderrain‐Rojas L. A. , Vidal‐Solano J. R. , Alva‐Valdivia L. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe evolution of oblique divergence along the Pacific‐North American plate boundary during the late Miocene is well‐preserved along the eastern margin of the Gulf of California. The early phase of this deformation occurred between ∼12.5 and ∼6 Ma in Sonora, NW Mexico, related to oblique rifting of the Gulf of California. The magmatic sequence for this period is exposed in the Cerro El Vigía, Guaymas region. This sequence is characterized by intrusive rocks, lava flows, and pyroclastic flows ranging in age from 12 to 10 Ma. The Cerro El Vigia has a predominant semicircular geomorphology traditionally ascribed to a volcanic caldera structure, such as large ring faults. Rock magnetic analyses of these magmatic products identify the magnetic minerals and their reliability for tectonic interpretations. The mean paleomagnetic direction from 14 sites from the Cerro El Vigia reveals up to 90° clockwise rotation about an inclined axis (65–85° axis plunge) with respect to stable North America. When interpreted in the context of the semicircular structure, these observations suggest that the structure has a tectonic, not volcanic origin. Paleomagnetic results and tectonics during the late Miocene suggest that this crustal block rotation corresponds to the development of large tension gashes deformed within a dextral transtensional system associated with continental deformation of the proto‐Gulf of California rift. Based on the paleomagnetic data, reported ages, and magmatic stratigraphy, we conclude that the magmatism and associated deformation at Cerro El Vigia was synchronous with transtensional tectonics between ∼11 Ma to ∼8 Ma.
High‐Resolution Monitoring of Controlled Water Table Variations From Dense Seismic‐Noise Acquisitions
Authors: Gaubert‐Bastide T. , Garambois S. , Bordes C. , Voisin C. , Oxarango L. , Brito D. , Roux P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWater‐resource management has become a major global issue in a world threatened by climate change. High‐resolution geophysical methods may be of valuable help in monitoring the water masses, both in space and time. Passive seismic interferometry takes advantage of ambient seismic noise to recover the variations in seismic wave velocity induced by changes in groundwater. We present hereafter the time and space monitoring of an hydraulic dome artificially formed to prevent biological and chemical pollutants from entering the exploitation field of Crépieux‐Charmy (Lyon, France). We use a dense seismic network to passively monitor the water table changes induced by infilling of an infiltration basin at the water supply facility for the two million inhabitants of the Lyon Metropolis (France). We assess the hourly seismic velocity variations over 19 days, during which two filling and drainage cycles were performed. The use of a dense three‐component seismic network allows fine characterization of the seismic wavefield, and offers the possibility to include the analysis of 4,851 raypaths in a robust inversion algorithm based on ray theory. The velocity variations are mapped with high resolution. They are directly related to the water table variations and to residual water saturation changes within the unsaturated zone. This seismic experiment highlights the three‐dimensional (3D) implementation and evolution of a hydraulic dome under the infiltration basin. This dynamic information helps in the understanding and modeling of water flows between the water table and a river, which represents a fundamental issue for discussions on the effectiveness of the barrier.
Why do the Global Warming Responses of Land‐Surface Models and Climatic Dryness Metrics Disagree?
Authors: Scheff Jacob , Coats Sloan , Laguë Marysa M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarth System Models’ complex land components simulate a patchwork of increases and decreases in surface water availability when driven by projected future climate changes. Yet, commonly‐used simple theories for surface water availability, such as the Aridity Index (P/E0) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), obtain severe, globally dominant drying when driven by those same climate changes, leading to disagreement among published studies. In this work, we use a common modeling framework to show that Earth System Model (ESM) simulated runoff‐ratio and soil‐moisture responses become much more consistent with the P/E0 and PDSI responses when several previously known factors that the latter do not account for are cut out of the simulations. This reconciles the disagreement and makes the full ESM responses more understandable. For ESM runoff ratio, the most important factor causing the more positive global response compared to P/E0 is the concentration of precipitation in time with greenhouse warming. For ESM soil moisture, the most important factor causing the more positive global response compared to PDSI is the effect of increasing carbon dioxide on plant physiology, which also drives most of the spatial variation in the runoff ratio enhancement. The effect of increasing vapor‐pressure deficit on plant physiology is a key secondary factor for both. Future work will assess the utility of both the ESMs and the simple indices for understanding observed, historical trends.
Analysis of Electron Precipitation and Ionospheric Density Enhancements Due To Hiss Using Incoherent Scatter Radar and Arase Observations
Authors: Ma Q. , Xu W. , Sanchez E. R. , Marshall R. A. , Bortnik J. , Reyes P. M. , Varney R. H. , Kaeppler S. R. , Miyoshi Y. , Matsuoka A. , Kasahara Y. , Matsuda S. , Tsuchiya F. , Kumamoto A. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Keika K. , Hori T. , Mitani T. , Nakamura S. , Kazama Y. , Wang S.‐Y. , Jun C.‐W. , Shinohara I. , Tam S. W.‐Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlasmaspheric hiss can cause energetic electron precipitation from the magnetosphere to the Earth's upper atmosphere and affect the ionospheric electron density profiles. In this study, we use Arase satellite measurements in the dayside plasmasphere to model the electron precipitation and the resultant ionospheric response, and compare the results to the electron density measured by the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). We analyzed two close conjunction events between Arase and PFISR at L ∼ 6 in the afternoon sector, when Arase was in the outer plasmasphere and traveled into the plasmaspheric plumes. Modest or strong hiss waves were observed with amplitudes higher than 50 pT during both events. Quasilinear modeling suggests that the hiss waves could cause intense electron precipitation ranging from several keV to several hundred keV energies. The electron density profiles at 60–90 km modeled by the Boulder Electron Radiation to Ionization (BERI) model suggest significant electron density enhancements due to the precipitating electrons. PFISR simultaneously observed electron density enhancements during both events, and provided evidence for the electron precipitation at altitudes down to <70 km. The temporal modulation of hiss caused the modulated density profiles in BERI modeling, but was not evident in PFISR observations. The modeled altitude profiles of the perturbed electron density overall agree with PFISR observation. At altitudes below 75 km, the modeled electron densities are lower than the observation, suggesting additional high energy electron precipitation possibly due to low frequency (<50 Hz) waves or hiss wave powers ducted to high latitudes.
Effects of Gravity on Evaporation for Soil‐Limited Conditions
Authors: Novak Michael D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis manuscript systematically investigates the effects of gravity during soil‐limited (Stage 2) evaporation from bare soil. Analytical and numerical solutions to the one‐dimensional Richards soil moisture flow equation are developed based on simplified hydraulic functions that depend exponentially on soil water matric potential. Semi‐infinite domains with either freely draining or hydrostatic bottom boundary conditions and finite domains with no‐flow bottom boundary conditions are considered. Cases with gravity are directly compared to those without. The simplified solutions are verified by comparison to numerical solutions with fully realistic soil hydraulic functions for two soils at the extreme ends of the range of possible soil textures. Cumulative evaporation versus time and soil volumetric water content versus depth at selected times are determined for each case from the simplified solutions. These results are reported in terms of non‐dimensional variables that are universal, spanning all soil textures and other conditions. For the semi‐infinite domain cases cumulative evaporation with gravity is reduced by several orders of magnitude for very coarse soils at times of practical interest while gravity has a negligible effect for the finest textures at those times. For the finite domain cases gravity is less important because cumulative evaporation is ultimately limited by the fixed amount of water in the profile.
Peptidic defective interfering gene nanoparticles against Omicron, Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza A virus in vivo
Authors: Zhao Hanjun , Zhang Chuyuan , Lam Hoiyan , Meng Xinjie , Peng Zheng , Yeung Man Lung , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Kai-Wang To Kelvin , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDefective interfering genes (DIGs) are short viral genomes and interfere with wild-type viral replication. Here, we demonstrate that the new designed SARS-CoV-2 DIG (CD3600) can significantly inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 including Alpha, Delta, Kappa and Omicron variants in human HK-2 cells and influenza DIG (PAD4) can significantly inhibit influenza virus replication in human A549 cells. One dose of influenza DIGs prophylactically protects 90% mice from lethal challenge of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and CD3600 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in hamster lungs when DIGs are administrated to lungs one day before viral challenge. To further investigate the gene delivery vector in the respiratory tract, a peptidic TAT2-P1&LAH4, which can package genes to form small spherical nanoparticles with high endosomal escape ability, is demonstrated to dramatically increase gene expression in the lung airway. TAT2-P1&LAH4, with the dual-functional TAT2-P1 (gene-delivery and antiviral), can deliver CD3600 to significantly inhibit the replication of Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 in hamster lungs. This peptide-based nanoparticle system can effectively transfect genes in lungs and deliver DIGs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza virus in vivo, which provides the new insight into the drug delivery system for gene therapy against respiratory viruses.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumours of the upper and lower cervical spine: two case reports
Authors: Zhu Ning , Campbell Robert , Sadasivan Ananthababu Pattavilakom 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Tenosynovial giant cell tumours (TSGCTs) usually arise from the synovial membranes of tendon sheaths, bursa, and joints. They are rarely found in the spine. Lesions of the upper cervical spine (C1/2) are extremely rare, with only 13 previous cases reported in the literature. Of these, all previous anterior upper cervical cases (C1/2) have been deemed unresectable and have been managed with immunotherapy or radiological surveillance.

Case presentation
We report two cases of TSGCST in the cervical spine: one with a lesion at C1/2 and another at C6/7.

Discussion
The location of our C1/2 lesion was unique, allowing for a new endoscopic endonasal tissue biopsy method and a new transoral surgical approach for successful gross total resection. Our C6/7 lesion had a more typical location and was removed via a C6/7 laminectomy.
Epigenetic signatures relating to disease-associated genotypic burden in familial risk of bipolar disorder
Authors: Hesam-Shariati Sonia , Overs Bronwyn J. , Roberts Gloria , Toma Claudio , Watkeys Oliver J. , Green Melissa J. , Pierce Kerrie D. , Edenberg Howard J. , Wilcox Holly C. , Stapp Emma K. , McInnis Melvin G. , Hulvershorn Leslie A. , Nurnberger John I. , Schofield Peter R. , Mitchell Philip B. , Fullerton Janice M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental factors contribute to risk of bipolar disorder (BD), but how environmental factors impact the development of psychopathology within the context of elevated genetic risk is unknown. We herein sought to identify epigenetic signatures operating in the context of polygenic risk for BD in young people at high familial risk (HR) of BD. Peripheral blood-derived DNA was assayed using Illumina PsychArray, and Methylation-450K or -EPIC BeadChips. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated using summary statistics from recent genome-wide association studies for BD, major depressive disorder (MDD) and cross-disorder (meta-analysis of eight psychiatric disorders). Unrelated HR participants of European ancestry (n = 103) were stratified based on their BD-PRS score within the HR-population distribution, and the top two quintiles (High-BD-PRS;n = 41) compared against the bottom two quintiles (Low-BD-PRS;n = 41). The High-BD-PRS stratum also had higher mean cross-disorder-PRS and MDD-PRS (ANCOVAp = 0.035 andp = 0.024, respectively). We evaluated DNA methylation differences between High-BD-PRS and Low-BD-PRS strata using linear models. One differentially methylated probe (DMP) (cg00933603;p = 3.54 × 10−7) inVARS2, a mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, remained significantly hypomethylated after multiple-testing correction. Overall, BD-PRS appeared to broadly impact epigenetic processes, with 1,183 genes mapped to nominal DMPs (p < 0.05); these displayed convergence with genes previously associated with BD, schizophrenia, chronotype, and risk taking. We tested poly-methylomic epigenetic profiles derived from nominal DMPs in two independent samples (n = 54 andn = 82, respectively), and conducted an exploratory evaluation of the effects of family environment, indexing cohesion and flexibility. This study highlights an important interplay between heritable risk and epigenetic factors, which warrant further exploration.
The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management
Authors: Kreibich Heidi , Van Loon Anne F. , Schröter Kai , Ward Philip J. , Mazzoleni Maurizio , Sairam Nivedita , Abeshu Guta Wakbulcho , Agafonova Svetlana , AghaKouchak Amir , Aksoy Hafzullah , Alvarez-Garreton Camila , Aznar Blanca , Balkhi Laila , Barendrecht Marlies H. , Biancamaria Sylvain , Bos-Burgering Liduin , Bradley Chris , Budiyono Yus , Buytaert Wouter , Capewell Lucinda , Carlson Hayley , Cavus Yonca , Couasnon Anaïs , Coxon Gemma , Daliakopoulos Ioannis , de Ruiter Marleen C. , Delus Claire , Erfurt Mathilde , Esposito Giuseppe , François Didier , Frappart Frédéric , Freer Jim , Frolova Natalia , Gain Animesh K. , Grillakis Manolis , Grima Jordi Oriol , Guzmán Diego A. , Huning Laurie S. , Ionita Monica , Kharlamov Maxim , Khoi Dao Nguyen , Kieboom Natalie , Kireeva Maria , Koutroulis Aristeidis , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo , Li Hong-Yi , LLasat María Carmen , Macdonald David , Mård Johanna , Mathew-Richards Hannah , McKenzie Andrew , Mejia Alfonso , Mendiondo Eduardo Mario , Mens Marjolein , Mobini Shifteh , Mohor Guilherme Samprogna , Nagavciuc Viorica , Ngo-Duc Thanh , Thao Nguyen Huynh Thi , Nhi Pham Thi Thao , Petrucci Olga , Nguyen Hong Quan , Quintana-Seguí Pere , Razavi Saman , Ridolfi Elena , Riegel Jannik , Sadik Md Shibly , Savelli Elisa , Sazonov Alexey , Sharma Sanjib , Sörensen Johanna , Arguello Souza Felipe Augusto , Stahl Kerstin , Steinhausen Max , Stoelzle Michael , Szalińska Wiwiana , Tang Qiuhong , Tian Fuqiang , Tokarczyk Tamara , Tovar Carolina , Tran Thi Van Thu , Van Huijgevoort Marjolein H. J. , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Wagener Thorsten , Wang Yueling , Wendt Doris E. , Wickham Elliot , Yang Long , Zambrano-Bigiarini Mauricio , Blöschl Günter , Di Baldassarre Giuliano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRisk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3.
Monitoring supply networks from mobile phone data for estimating the systemic risk of an economy
Authors: Reisch Tobias , Heiler Georg , Diem Christian , Klimek Peter , Thurner Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRemarkably little is known about the structure, formation, and dynamics of supply- and production networks that form one foundation of society. Neither the resilience of these networks is known, nor do we have ways to systematically monitor their ongoing change. Systemic risk contributions of individual companies were hitherto not quantifiable since data on supply networks on the firm-level do not exist with the exception of a very few countries. Here we use telecommunication meta data to reconstruct nationwide firm-level supply networks in almost real-time. We find the probability of observing a supply-link, given the existence of a strong communication-link between two companies, to be about 90%. The so reconstructed supply networks allow us to reliably quantify the systemic risk of individual companies and thus obtain an estimate for a country’s economic resilience. We identify about 65 companies, from a broad range of company sizes and from 22 different industry sectors, that could potentially cause massive damages. The method can be used for objectively monitoring change in production processes which might become essential during the green transition.