bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable striped state in a rotating two-dimensional spin–orbit coupled spin-1/2 Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Xu Xuan , Gao Chao , Lin Ji , Li Hui-jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We consider an effective two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with some spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and a rotation term in an external harmonic potential. We find the striped state, and analyze the effects of SOC, the external potential, and the rotation frequency/direction on the profile and the stability of the striped state. Without the rotation term, the two spinor components exhibit striped pattern, and the numbers of stripes in the two components are always an odd–even or an even–odd. With the increase of the SOC strength, the number of stripes in both components increases, while the difference of the striped numbers is always one. After adding the rotation term, the profiles of the spinor components change qualitatively, and the change regulation of the striped numbers differs, while the difference of the striped numbers is still one. In addition, we find that the rotation direction only makes the striped state of the two spinor components exchange each other, though the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation directions are inequivalent with the presence of SOC. Such regulation is different from the previous study. And the rotation frequency gives rise to the transition from the striped state to a mixture of the striped state and vortex state. Furthermore, we prove the stability of these states by the evolution and linear stability analysis.
Tin disulfide as saturable absorber for the 1.3 μm nanosecond laser
Authors: Cai Enlin , Xu Jianyi , Zhang Shuaiyi , Wu Zhihong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A tin disulfide saturable absorber (SA) is prepared by a liquid phase exfoliation method, and it is employed as a 1.3 μm laser modulator for the first time. A stable passively Q-switched (PQS) Nd:Lu0.15Y0.85VO4 1.3 μm laser is successfully realized. Under an absorbed pump power of 6.68 W, the shortest pulse width of 34 ns is obtained, with a repetition rate of 1.18 MHz and a maximum average output power of 0.81 W. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest pulse width and the highest repetition rate for a PQS 1.3 μm laser with two-dimensional material SAs.
Operational Strategy of Heavy Goods Vehicles in Enhancing the 2030 Agenda of SDGs Implementation: Cost-Effectiveness
Authors: Tarudin Nur Farizan , Adlan Muhammad Akmal Asyraaf 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The logistics industry in Malaysia has faced numerous issues and challenges, one of the important concerns in this industry is to reduce operational costs. Government and agencies tend to give more attention to road passenger transports rather than road freight transport especially Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) in a matter of service quality and efficiency. Despite in Malaysia, certain road haulages have not yet implemented the right strategy in their operation to fully optimize their resources and operation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the green strategy for HGVs implementation in their operations to support Malaysia voluntary target to increase economies of scale. The conceptual framework was developed for this study’s and the evaluation is based on the HGVs operators’ perspective. The data had been analyzed by using a quantitative approach and simple calculation on the operational cost based on fuel cost. Based on the finding gathered, most of the respondents agreed that by using a suitable strategy, the operational cost can be reduced and sustain their businesses. Therefore, this study can be as one of the guidelines for the industry to be aligned with Malaysia 11th Plan and also the 2030 Agenda in developing sustainable development goals more aggressively.
Analyzing Windstorm Pattern in Malaysia based on Extracted Twitter Data
Authors: Isa N A , Salleh S A , Chan A , Zakaria N H , Suif Z , Abdul Halim M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wind-rain interactions often lead to severe windstorm events and consequently cause damages and fatal destructions. The increase in frequency of recent windstorm events overwhelmed the nation. Thus, efforts in obtaining and recording these events are intensified with the help of current technology. This study aims to analyze the pattern of recent windstorm events by utilizing big data and GIS. In this study, the reported windstorm events in Twitter application were extracted using R-programming. Prior to analyses, the extracted data were screened to remove any outliers found. The extracted data were selected based on the credibility of its sources to ensure the accuracy and quality. These selected data were extracted from trusted users such as Meteorological Department of Malaysia (MMD), Berita Harian, Bernama and others. This study has demonstrated the possibility of Twitter data as an alternative data source in windstorm studies based on its reasonable findings. It is exhibited that there is drastic increased of windstorm events frequency in years 2018-2020, especially in the northern and west-coast regions of Peninsular. The highest frequency was recorded in April (inter-monsoon season) while the lowest is in February and December (northeast monsoon). The increase of frequency in several locations in the Peninsular is very alarming especially in the Klang Valley since this region is highly populated and serves as Malaysia’s important economic zones. Hence, risk control should be considered in this region to reduce the negative impacts as suggested in SDG11 and SDG13.
Effects of Diuron, Terbuthylazine and Isoproturon on Photochemical and Non-Photochemical Quenching of Ectocarpus siliculosus
Authors: Hashim Mohd Akmal , Kamaruddin Sharir Aizat , Yam Mun Fei , Khazali Ahmad Suhail , Kamil Khairunnisa Ahmad , Nasir Nor Atikah Husna Ahmad , Brown Murray T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The influence of anthropogenic discharges on the environment is an increasing concern among environmental toxicologists. This investigation set out to analyse the impacts of selected herbicides; diuron, terbuthylazine and isoproturon on two strains of Ectocarpus siliculosus with different pollution histories, LIA4 and Es524. Evaluation of their effects on photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (qN) indicators have demonstrated negative impacts of all herbicides on both strains. From the results, diuron shows to exert significant negative effect at concentration as low as 5 µg L−1 followed by terbuthylazine at 10 µg L−1 (qP) and 5 µg L−1 (qN), and isoproturon at 100 µg L−1 (qP) and 50 µg L−1 (qN). Non-photochemical quenching (qN) indicator was found to exhibit greater sensitivity to the herbicides compared to photochemical quenching (qP). In both strains of E. siliculosus, the three herbicides were ranked in order of toxicity: diuron > terbuthylazine > isoproturon. This investigation provides new information on ecotoxicology of herbicides towards brown algae.
Dominant Tree Species Classification using Remote Sensing Data and Object -Based Image Analysis
Authors: Jamal Juhaida , Zaki Nurul Ain Mohd , Talib Noorfatekah , Saad Nurhafiza Md , Mokhtar Ernieza Suhana , Omar Hamdan , Latif Zulkiflee Abd , Suratman Mohd Nazip 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Over the last few decades, forests have been the victims of over logging and deforestation. Uncontrolled of this activity gave an impact to the tree species to be endangered. A detailed inventory of tree species is needed to manage and plan the forest on a sustainable basis. Many techniques had been done to identify the tree species, but in the recent three decades, remote sensing technique was widely used to study the distribution of tree species. In this study, an object-based image analysis (OBIA) with a combination of high-resolution multispectral satellite imagery (WV-2) and airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data was tested for classification of individual tree crowns of tropical tree species at Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) forest, Selangor. LiDAR data was taken using fixed-wing aircraft with Gemini Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM) laser with 0.15m and 0.25 resolution for horizontal and vertical. WV-2 was captured with a 0.5m spatial resolution. In this study, hyperspectral data captured using Bayspec sensor mount at UAV with height 220m from the ground and have 0.3 resolution was used to extract the spectral reflectance of tree species. Segmentation of the image was performed using multi-resolution segmentation in eCognition software. Accuracy assessment for segmentation was done by measure the ‘goodness fit’ (D value) between training object and output segmentation. The overall accuracy of the segmentation was 86%. For species classification, the accuracy assessment was performed using the error matrix confusion technique to 7 classes of tree species. The result had shown the overall accuracy classification was 64%.
Status and Sustainability of Mangrove Forests: A Case Study from Merbok Mangrove Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Hashim Tengku Mohd Zarawie Tengku , Suratman Mohd Nazip , Singh Harinder Rai , Jaafar Jasmee , Bakar Ahmad Naqiyuddin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mangroves comprise of a complex combination of halophytic trees, shrubs and other plants that exist and grow in the coastal zone throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Mangrove ecosystems provide significant socioeconomic benefits to the local communities such as fish, timber and tourism opportunities. Understanding how they perceive on mangrove ecosystems and services is crucial for incorporating this information into decision making process and conservation, this study was conducted to study the awareness and knowledge of local community towards the trend and status of mangrove resources in Merbok Mangrove Reserve (MMR) and, to identify factors that influence the survival of mangroves in the study area. A survey was conducted in MMR using questionnaires as a main tool for data collection. A total of 300 respondents live near and around MMR were selected which involved a total of 10 villages. From the study, 95% of the respondents perceived that mangroves are very important resources to the local community. About 95.7% of respondents agree that the loss of mangroves will have negative impacts to the environment and the economics of the livelihood. Furthermore, the majority of respondents perceived that illegal clearing and aquaculture practices have significant impact to the degradation of mangroves in the area. They agree that replanting of mangroves could be the best management option to ensure the survival of this ecosystem. The information from this study may provide useful input for future research and can be crucial tools for the government and stakeholders to pave way for an effective decision making for the sustainability of mangrove resources.
Land use and land cover change analysis using satellite images in Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Rahman Syafiqa Haidar Afif Abdul , Shukri Mohamad Amirul Hafiz Md , Latip Amir Sharifuddin Ab , Latif Zulkiflee Abd 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of multisensor remote sensing to characterise forest structure has significant promise for mapping and understanding forest biological processes, making remote sensing an effective technology in detecting deforestation for forest management and monitoring. The aim of this study is to detect land use and land cover (LULC) changes due to deforestation at Gua Musang, Kelantan using satellite images. The Landsat 8 OLI satellite images were obtained from United State Geological Survey (USGS) for year 2017 to 2019. The supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was applied for image classification to generate land use land cover categories. Then, LULC change detection between 2017, 2018 and 2019 were conducted to analyse the change and pattern. Based on the results, it shows the percentage of each land use changes within three (3) years from 2017 to 2019 for Landsat 8 OLI. Percentage of deforestation due to logging areas for year 2017 to 2019 is 5.95%. Percentage of forest area is 5.57%. For water bodies, the percentages just only cover 0.36% in 3 years. The highest land use change is no changes which is 88.12% happened towards the land from 2017 and 2019. This shows within three years there is no great changes at the area. The overall accuracy for each map is more than 80% which are acceptable. From the analysis, there were no significant changes of LULC during this period due to the increased of timber extraction, agricultural land expansion, urban growth, and poor governance structures.
Monitoring and Characterizing Urban Sprawl in Raipur Urban Agglomeration, India from 2005 to 2015 using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Chettry V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Urban sprawl is a significant challenge to sustainable urban development, particularly in developing nations. Based on remote sensing and geographic information system, this paper attempts to investigate land cover changes and urban sprawl characteristics of Raipur Urban Agglomeration (UA), India from 2005 and 2015. Landsat satellite images were extracted to conduct land cover change detection. Maximum Likelihood Classification tool in ArcGIS 10.3 was used to prepare land cover maps of Raipur UA. The accuracy of the land cover maps was assessed by determining overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. Transition matrix was prepared to identify the pattern of land cover conversion to built-up in Raipur UA. Major built-up growth direction was identified through the cardinal direction approach. Shannon’s entropy index and landscape metrics detect and characterize urban sprawl, respectively. The results indicated the prevalence of rapid urban sprawl with characteristics such as a reduction in agriculture and fallow land, outward expansion, monocentric development, and haphazard urban growth. The effect of urban development policies which has aggravated urban sprawl in Raipur UA has been discussed. The obtained results will be helpful to promote urban sustenance in the Raipur urban agglomeration.
Assessment of Coastal Landscape Along Kelantan Coast Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Mohd Fazly Amri , Azizi Mohammad Aiman , Narashid Rohayu Haron , Talib Noorfatekah , Adnan Nor Aizam , Rahim Haris Abdul , Maulud Khairul Nizam Abdul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The social and economic development from the coastal area benefits human life. However, growing human and environmental pressures at coastal areas also bring significant impacts on coastal erosion and coastline changes. Nowadays, geospatial technology which utilized remote sensing and GIS techniques has been widely used to detect coastal erosion for controlling the development and coastal region sustainability. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the coastal erosion and accretion for the potential risk zone based on the characteristics of the landscape and land use land cover (LULC) at the Kelantan Coast using land use classification and GIS spatial interpolation techniques. In this study, the vulnerability level of the coastal profile at the Kelantan coast was determined from the beach profile survey and the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method. Then, the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) along a 1 km buffer zone were classified by performing a supervised classification method on Sentinel 2 satellite images year 2020. The effect of these parameters on coastal erosion was determined from separated five management units (MU 1, MU 2, MU 3, MU 4, MU 5) along the Kelantan Coast based on the Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID). It is found that MU 3 (0.8%) and MU 5 (0.6%) were the area with the lowest average slope profile percentages which is located at Pantai Sabak and Pantai Kemayang respectively. Thus, the infrastructure, LULC and coastal communities in Pantai Sabak and Pantai Kemayang were potentially vulnerable to erosion. This finding supports the significant use of geospatial techniques of important decision-making to protect and mitigate steps toward sustainable coastal management along the coastline.
The impact of UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang Permatang Pauh campus on urban development in Central Seberang Perai District
Authors: Othman N A , Bakhari N A , Mahmood A , Mokhtar E S , Mohd Zaki N A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) is regarded as one of the largest higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. Significantly, HEIs are increasingly seen as catalysts for development, with substantial contribution not only as providers of education and research but also as an active role in developing their economic, social and cultural surroundings. Thus, it is thought the existence of HEIs particularly UiTM as key players in global development, alongside being significant contributors to local urban areas’ development. UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang (UiTMCPP) was first established in June 1996 at a temporary site in Permatang Pasir as the university’s eleventh campus. In August 2003, UiTMCPP relocates to a permanent campus in Jalan Permatang Pauh. The main purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the UiTMCPP Permatang Pauh campus on the local area’s urban expansion. In this study, multi-temporal satellite imageries, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) in three different years (1999, 2009, and 2019) was processed by Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to distinguish the spatial expansion of urbanisation in Central Seberang Perai District. Further analysis on data collection using the quantitative and qualitative approach were performed to determine the actual impact of urbanisation on the communities. Results show that the percentage of developed area increased from 51.2% (1999) to 68.6% (2019) within a 5 km radius, and from 29.0% (1999) to 45.6% (2019) within a 10 km radius, according to the urban development map. Although the establishment and existence of the UiTMCPP Permatang Pauh campus can be considered one of the area’s development catalysts, several adjacent educational institutions also contribute to the growth of the region near the UiTM campus.
An investigation of a mixture of coconut husk and rice husk as activated carbon for treatment of wastewater
Authors: Kasmuri N , Dzulkifli N F M , Ismail N A , Zaini N , Yaacob Z 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Malaysia’s population has rapidly developed every year, with considerable waste were produced. It caused a severe effect on the surroundings and reduced the quality of water on surface water bodies. Thus, significant improvement has been implemented to increase the quality of wastewater effluent and combat environmental issues. This research evaluates the activated carbon performance from rice husk and coconut husk to reduce the pollutants in wastewater effluent. The effluent was collected at a wastewater treatment plant in UiTM Dengkil. In this study, the characteristics of wastewater effluent were analysed. Later, the activated carbon (AC) was produced using the chemical agent of ZnCl2 divided into six batches of experiments. The experiment has been observed in two weeks, and the results have been examined for the percentage of nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, phosphorus, and E. Coli. For the batch experiment of AC in mixed coconut husk and rice husk, the percentage removal is 87%, 79%, 54%, 95%, and 100%, respectively. It has been found that the mixture of rice husk and coconut husk AC was significantly effective in removing all the pollutants. It can be deduced that the treatment using activated carbon has improved the water quality and fulfilled the limitation set in the Standard of Environmental Quality (Sewage), 2009.
Experimental investigation of hot-wire laser deposition for the additive manufacturing of titanium parts
Authors: Naksuk Nirut , Poolperm Pattarawadee , Nakngoenthong Jiradech , Printrakoon Waravut , Yuttawiriya Rattanapon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hot-wire laser welding is additive manufacturing (AM) technique that allows for the direct creation of complicated objects by melting layers of wire. This process is characterized by the use of hot-wire process, unification with the laser welding (LW) process in AM process. The empirical investigation of AM employing a hot-wire laser welding on a titanium alloy (grade 2) workpiece is presented in this research. There are three parameters in the hot-wire laser process namely wire current, welding speed, and wire feeding speed; this research examined porosities, microhardness, tensile stress, and residual stress. The filler metal used titanium AMS (American welding society) 4951F welding wire of grade 2 and measures 1.6 mm in diameter. Finally, the suitable hot wire laser welding parameters should be 0.183 cm s−1 for the welding speed, the wire current of 40 A, and the wire feeding speed of 1.00 m min−1 are 0.183 cm s−1 for welding speed, 40 A for wire current, and 1.00 m min−1 for wire feeding speed, which will give the average Vicker microhardness of 321.00–345.80 HV, the average tensile strength of 432.02 MPa (substrate); 670.30 MPa (horizontal direction), 497.39 MPa (vertical direction).
Light extraction from organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)
Authors: Shinar Ruth , Shinar Joseph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology continues to make strides, particularly in display technology, with costs decreasing and consumer demand growing. Advances are also seen in OLED solid state lighting (SSL) though broad utilization of this technology is lagging. This situation has prompted extensive R&D to achieve high-efficiency SSL devices at cost-effective fabrication. Here we review the advances and challenges in enhancing forward light outcoupling from OLEDs. Light outcoupling from conventional bottom-emitting OLEDs (through a transparent anode) is typically ∼20%, largely due to external losses, i.e., substrate waveguide modes, internal waveguide modes between the metal cathode and the anode/substrate interface, and surface plasmon-polariton modes at the metal cathode/organic interface. We address these major photon loss paths, presenting various extraction approaches. Some approaches are devoid of light extraction structures; they include replacing the commonly used ITO anode, manipulating the refractive index of the substrate and/or organic layers, and evaluating emitters with preferential horizontal transition dipoles. Other approaches include the use of enhancing structures such as microlens arrays, scattering layers and patterned substrates, as well as substrates with various buried structures that are planarized by high index layers. A maximal external quantum efficiency as high as 78% was reported for white planarized OLEDs with a hemispherical lens to extract the substrate mode. Light outcoupling from OLEDs on flexible substrates is also addressed, as the latter become of increasing interest in foldable displays and decorative lighting, with plastic substrates also being evaluated for biomedical, wearable, and automotive applications.