bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumor with duodenal infiltration: A challenging endo‐luminal tissue diagnosis
Authors: Qua Choon‐Seng , Peh Kaik‐Boo , Kannan Saravannan , Goh Khean‐Lee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 32‐year‐old Malay male was referred to our hospital for a second opinion. An abdominal and pelvic CT scan at the previous medical facility showed a large retroperitoneal tumor, which was subjected to ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with a provisional diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. However, after reviewing the existing results, a repeat biopsy was deemed necessary and this was performed endoluminally via gastroduodenoscopy in view of the close proximity of the tumor and the third part of the duodenum. The first biopsy failed to detect any abnormal cells, but a repeat biopsy with supporting evidence from other laboratory results led to a final diagnosis of extragonadal germ cell tumor (GCT) with duodenal infiltration.
An Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach for Dynamic‐Exponential Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI Modeling and Parameter Estimation in the Liver
Authors: Zhou Xin‐Xiang , Wang Xin‐Yu , Liu En‐Hui , Zhang Lan , Zhang Hong‐Xia , Zhang Xiu‐Shi , Zhu Yue‐Min , Kuai Zi‐Xiang 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundDynamic‐exponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging is a potential technique for prediction, monitoring, and differential diagnosis of hepatic diseases, especially liver tumors. However, the use of such technique at voxel level is still limited.PurposeTo develop an unsupervised deep learning approach for voxel‐wise dynamic‐exponential IVIM modeling and parameter estimation in the liver.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTen healthy subjects (4 males; age 28 ± 6 years).Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐shot spin‐echo echo planar imaging (SE‐EPI) sequence with monopolar diffusion‐encoding gradients (12 b‐values, 0–800 seconds/mm2) at 3.0 T.AssessmentThe proposed deep neural network (DNN) was separately trained on simulated and in vivo hepatic IVIM datasets. The trained networks were compared to the approach combining least squares with Akaike information criterion (LSQ‐AIC) in terms of dynamic‐exponential modeling accuracy, inter‐subject coefficients of variation (CVs), and fitting residuals on the simulated subsets and regions of interest (ROIs) in the left and right liver lobes. The ROIs were delineated by a radiologist (H.‐X.Z.) with 7 years of experience in MRI reading.Statistical TestsComparisons between approaches were performed with a paired t‐test (normality) or a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test (nonnormality). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn simulations, DNN gave significantly higher accuracy (91.6%–95.5%) for identification of bi‐exponential decays with respect to LSQ‐AIC (79.7%–86.8%). For tri‐exponential identification, DNN was also superior to LSQ‐AIC despite not reaching a significant level (P = 0.08). Additionally, DNN always yielded comparatively low root‐mean‐square error for estimated parameters. For the in vivo IVIM measurements, inter‐subject CVs (0.011–0.150) of DNN were significantly smaller than those (0.049–0.573) of LSQ‐AIC. Concerning fitting residuals, there was no significant difference between the two approaches (P = 0.56 and 0.76) in both the simulated and in vivo studies.Data ConclusionThe proposed DNN is recommended for accurate and robust dynamic‐exponential modeling and parameter estimation in hepatic IVIM imaging.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
In Situ Diagnostics and Role of Light‐Induced Forces in Metal Laser Nanoprinting
Authors: Yang Liang , Rahimzadegan Aso , Hahn Vincent , Blasco Eva , Rockstuhl Carsten , Wegener Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompared to 3D laser nanoprinting of polymers, the mechanisms in laser nanoprinting of metals are rather poorly understood. For the example of platinum investigated here, the printing process starts with the formation of metal nanoparticles by photo‐reduction of metal salts in aqueous solution in a diffraction‐limited laser focus. To investigate the printing process in situ, a weak continuous‐wave probe laser is co‐focused in addition to the focused femtosecond printing laser. The light of the probe laser is backscattered off the emerging metal structures, and recorded with a temporal resolution of 1 µs. It is found that the formed metal nanoparticles are quickly ejected from the focus on a timescale of some 10 µs. Once a nanoparticle randomly adheres to the substrate surface, it serves as a seed from which structures can be built‐up. The following nanoparticles are sintered onto that seed to form a metallic voxel on a timescale of some 10 ms. By polarization‐dependent experiments and full‐wave optical simulations, it is shown that light‐induced forces onto the nanoparticles play a significant role. The improved understanding of the microscopic processes in metal nanoprinting is a prerequisite for further process optimizations and applications, for example in terms of printed optoelectronics.
Wearable Photo‐Thermo‐Electrochemical Cells (PTECs) Harvesting Solar Energy
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Zhang Shuai , Beirne Stephen , Kim Kyuman , Qin Chunyan , Du Yumeng , Zhou Yuetong , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wallace Gordon , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSolar induced thermal energy is a vital heat source supplementing body heat to realize thermo‐to‐electric energy supply for wearable electronics. Thermo‐electrochemical cells, compared to the widely investigated thermoelectric generators, show greater potential in wearable applications due to the higher voltage output from low‐grade heat and the increased option range of cheap and flexible electrode/electrolyte materials. A wearable photo‐thermo‐electrochemical cell (PTEC) is first fabricated here through the introduction of a polymer‐based flexible photothermal film as a solar‐absorber and hot electrode, followed by a systematic investigation of wearable device design. The as‐prepared PTEC single device shows outstanding output voltage and current density of 15.0 mV and 10.8 A m–2 and 7.1 mV and 8.57 A m–2, for the device employing p‐type and n‐type gel electrolytes, respectively. Benefiting from the equivalent performance in current density, a series connection containing 18 pairs of p–n PTEC devices is effectively made, which can harvest solar energy and charge supercapacitors to above 250 mV (1 sun solar illumination). Meanwhile, a watch‐strap shaped flexible PTEC (eight p–n pairs) that can be worn on a wrist is fabricated and the realized voltage above 150 mV under light shows the potential for use in wearable applications.
Direct costs of adhering to selected Duchenne muscular dystrophy Care Considerations: Estimates from a midwestern state
Authors: Conway Kristin M. , Grosse Scott D. , Ouyang Lijing , Street Natalie , Romitti Paul A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe multidisciplinary Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) Care Considerations were developed to standardize care and improve outcomes. We provide cumulative cost estimates for selected key preventive (ie, excluding new molecular therapies and acute care) elements of the care considerations in eight domains (neuromuscular, rehabilitation, respiratory, cardiac, orthopedic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, psychosocial management) independent of completeness of uptake or provision of nonpreventive care.MethodsWe used de‐identified insurance claims data from a large midwestern commercial health insurer during 2018. We used Current Procedural Terminology and national drug codes to extract unit costs for clinical encounters representing key preventive elements of the DMD Care Considerations. We projected per‐patient cumulative costs from ages 5 to 25 years for these elements by multiplying a schedule of recommended frequencies of preventive services by unit costs in 2018 US dollars.ResultsAssuming a diagnosis at age 5 years, independent ambulation until age 11, and survival until age 25, we estimated 670 billable clinical events. The 20‐year per‐patient cumulative cost was $174 701 with prednisone ($2.3 million with deflazacort) and an expected total of $12 643 ($29 194) for out‐of‐pocket expenses associated with those events and medications.DiscussionStandardized monitoring of disease progression and treatments may reduce overall costs of illness. Costs associated with these services would be needed to quantify potential savings. Our approach demonstrates a method to estimate costs associated with implementation of preventive care schedules.
High‐Skilled Immigration and the Labor Market: Evidence from the H‐1B Visa Program
Authors: Turner Patrick S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of high‐skilled immigration on the wages of U.S.‐born college graduates. Descriptive evidence suggests that workers with different college majors compete in separate labor markets. Because immigrants are more likely than natives to study Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), a standard labor market model predicts that the relative wages of native STEM majors should fall as skilled immigration increases. Using an IV strategy that leverages large changes in the cap of H‐1B visas and controls for major‐ and age‐specific unobservable characteristics, I find that workers most exposed to increased competition from immigration have lower wages than one would expect. A 10‐percentage point increase in a skill group's immigrant‐native ratio decreases their relative wages by 1 percent. Overall, I estimate that the STEM wage premium decreased 4 to 12 percentage points from 1990 to 2010 because of immigration.
Effect of poly(isoprene‐random‐3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) random copolymer on the properties of kaolin‐reinforced styrene‐butadiene rubber
Authors: Hua Yu , Zhao Haibing , Xiang Yixin , Shen Xianrong , Fang Yong , Gao Jiangang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we report the effect of poly (isoprene‐random‐3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) random copolymer (PIPMSI) on the properties of kaolin‐reinforced styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR). First, PIPMSI was prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a modifier of kaolin. Then, the PIPMSI solution in dichloromethane was sprayed onto the surface of kaolin and dried to obtain kaolin grafted with polyisoprene (MSi‐Kaol). Fourier transform infrared spectral studies indicated that the MSi‐Kaol surface was covered with a layer of PIPMSI. The storage modulus (G′) of SBR/MSi‐Kaol compounds at low strains was significantly higher than that of SBR/kaolin blends, and the vulcanization rate of SBR/MSi‐Kaol compounds was significantly lower than that of SBR/kaolin. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that kaolin domains in SBR/MSi‐Kaol vulcanizates were much better dispersed and distributed than in SBR/kaolin composites. Compared with SBR/kaolin composites, tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of SBR/MSi‐Kaol composites were significantly improved.
Remendable conductive polyethylene composite with simultaneous restoration of electrical and mechanical behavior
Authors: Waldman Laura J. , Keller Michael W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConductive polymer composites can be customized through the addition of conductive fillers to the matrix. Fillers added to a conductive polymer composite modify the mechanical properties of the material as well as the electrical properties. Previous work with conductive polymer composites determined that conductive polymers with carbon‐based materials exhibit more brittle behavior when compared with unmodified polymers, reducing strains to failure of the material. A conductive polymer with self‐healing functionality could be healed to repair damage. This work demonstrates a conductive polyethylene composite, which can simultaneously restore electrical and mechanical performance when heated with induction. Because carbon‐based conductive composites cannot be sufficiently heated for healing, aluminum flake added to the composite served as the susceptor for induction heating. Conductive polyethylene specimens with 20% aluminum flake by volume demonstrated similar mechanical behavior both during the initial test and after healing.
Influence of surface activation on the microporosity of PE‐CVD and PE‐ALD SiOx thin films on PDMS
Authors: Hoppe Christian , Mitschker Felix , Mai Lukas , Liedke Maciej Oskar , de los Arcos Teresa , Awakowicz Peter , Devi Anjana , Attallah Ahmed Gamal , Butterling Maik , Wagner Andreas , Grundmeier Guido 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe microporosity, structure and permeability of SiOx thin films deposited by microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PE‐CVD) and plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE‐ALD) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates were investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy and complementary technique, such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, time of flight mass spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The SiOx films were deposited onto spin‐coated PDMS substrates, which were previously exposed to an oxygen plasma thus achieving the conversion of the top polymer layer into SiOx. The presence of this oxidised surface near the region led to an overall decrease in micropore density and to a shift towards smaller pore sizes within the deposited SiOx films. A correlation between the oxygen fluence during the oxygen plasma treatment and the microporosity of the PE‐CVD and PE‐ALD SiOx films could be established.
Construction of dynamic protein interaction network based on gene expression data and quartile one principle
Authors: Noori Soheir , Al‐A'araji Nabeel , Al‐Shamery Eman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractReal protein interaction network (PIN) is dynamic. Researchers created dynamic PIN by combining static PIN with gene expression data to explain the dynamicity evolution of protein interactions. However, all available approaches failed to recognize low‐ or high‐expression proteins as active proteins. Therefore, determining an adequate threshold is one of the system's biological challenges. In this study, a quartile one (q‐one) method is proposed to determine the active time points for each protein according to its expression value's features and construct dynamic protein interaction networks (DPINs) in which a protein is added to the network if it is active in two successive time points. This leads to reduce the number of DPINs to half. The efficiency of the q‐one approach and three‐sigma (3‐sigma) method in detecting protein complexes is evaluated using Markov cluster method, clique percolation method, and ClusterONE algorithms. In most cases, q‐one outperforms the 3‐sigma method in recall, precision and F‐measure. This is in addition to its ability to reveal the dynamicity within the protein–protein interaction network and identify essential proteins.
Theoretical study of 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives as potential antennas in lanthanide complexes: Photophysical properties and elucidation of energy transfer pathways
Authors: Santoyo‐Flores Juan Julián , Páez‐Hernández Dayán 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives were theoretically characterized and tested as potential antennas in a set of designed lanthanide complexes. The molecular structure and ligand localized nature of the excited states were studied in the framework of the multiconfigurational methods CASSCF/NEVPT2 combined with TD‐DFT‐based approaches, which allow applying a fragmentation scheme in the analysis of the most probable sensitization pathway via antenna effect. The photophysical properties of all the complexes and antennas were carefully analyzed, predicting the most probable energy transfer pathways. Rate constants for photophysical processes involved in the mechanism showed a significant contribution of the vibronic coupling in all cases, and the predominant intersystem‐crossing between S1 and T1 states was demonstrated from the analysis of the nature of the wave function of those states. The energy transfer process described herein demonstrates the possibility of Eu(III) and Nd(III) sensitization by the studied ligands. The proposed methodology gives a complete picture of the antenna excited state dynamics.
Dependence of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Alignment on the Filter Membrane Interface in Slow Vacuum Filtration
Authors: Walker Joshua S. , Macdermid Zia J. , Fagan Jeffrey A. , Kolmakov Andrei , Biacchi Adam J. , Searles Thomas A. , Walker Angela R. Hight , Rice William D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe recent introduction of slow vacuum filtration (SVF) technology has shown great promise for reproducibly creating high‐quality, large‐area aligned films of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from solution‐based dispersions. Despite clear advantages over other SWCNT alignment techniques, SVF remains in the developmental stages due to a lack of an agreed‐upon alignment mechanism, a hurdle which hinders SVF optimization. In this work, the filter membrane surface is modified to show how the resulting SWCNT nematic order can be significantly enhanced. It is observed that directional mechanical grooving on filter membranes does not play a significant role in SWCNT alignment, despite the tendency for nanotubes to follow the groove direction. Chemical treatments to the filter membrane are shown to increase SWCNT alignment by nearly 1/3. These findings suggest that membrane surface structure acts to create a directional flow along the filter membrane surface that can produce global SWCNT alignment during SVF, rather serving as an alignment template.
Perspectives on Working Voltage of Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Tiezhu , Zhou Di , Pang Lixia , Sun Shikuan , Zhou Tao , Su Jinzhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAqueous supercapacitors have the superiorities of high safety, environmental friendliness, inexpensive, etc. High energy density supercapacitors are not conducive to manufacturing due to the limitation of water thermodynamic decomposition potential, resulting in a narrow working voltage window. To address such challenges, a great endeavor has started to investigate high voltage aqueous supercapacitors as well as making some progress. This review summarizes key strategies regarding the realization of wide working voltage of aqueous supercapacitors and analyzes the involved mechanism, including the optimization of electrodes, electrolytes, diaphragms, and supercapacitor structures. From the perspective of extending the theoretical voltage window, electrode functionalization, heteroatom doping, neutral electrolyte, water‐in‐salt electrolyte, introducing redox mediators into electrolyte, and designing asymmetric structure are effective strategies for achieving this goal. Further, the actual voltage window can be maximized by optimizing the electrode mass ratio, adjusting potential of zero voltage, and electrode functionalization. The challenge and future of expanding working voltage of aqueous supercapacitors are further discussed. Importantly, this review provides inspiration for the development of supercapacitors with high energy density.
Engineering Responsive Ultrasound Contrast Agents Through Crosslinked Networks on Lipid‐Shelled Microbubbles
Authors: Dubey Dragana , Christiansen Michael G. , Vizovisek Matej , Gebhardt Samuel , Feike Jasmin , Schuerle Simone 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUltrasound imaging with contrast agents, especially with lipid‐shelled microbubbles, has become a vital tool in clinical diagnostics. Efforts to adapt these agents for molecular imaging have typically focused on targeted binding. More recently, crosslinking the lipid shell to alter its mechanical properties, followed by decrosslinking upon exposure to a stimulus, has been shown as a promising approach for imaging soluble molecular targets. Nevertheless, a systematic study of the influence of crosslinker concentration and structure on the mechanical properties of microbubbles has not been undertaken. An improved understanding of the role of these parameters is necessary to more effectively design contrast agents that detect proteases, an informative class of soluble disease markers. Here, the influence of crosslinker parameters on the acoustic properties of microbubbles, developing a model of crosslinker network formation on microbubble shells that explains the experimental observations, are studied. By incorporating cleavable elements that respond to UV light or proteolysis, kinetically resolved acoustic detection of these stimuli and the relevance of crosslinker design are demonstrated. The framework established in this study can be readily adapted to other protease‐cleavable units and provides a basis for the future development of responsive ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging of proteolytic activity.
A review of literature that uses the lens of the next generation science crosscutting concepts: 2012–2019
Authors: Fick Sarah J. , Arias Anna Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNew reforms in science education call for three‐dimensional learning by integrating disciplinary core ideas, science and engineering practices, and crosscutting concepts (CCCs). These reforms defined the new term, crosscutting concept (CCC), as a lens that has explanatory power across disciplines. To describe how researchers are examining and using the CCCs related to science teaching and learning, a literature review was conducted to identify articles that included the term “crosscutting concept” since its introduction in 2012. The articles were narrowed to those that use the term CCC as a component of the framing, analysis, findings, or discussion of their empirical or nonempirical article. A subset of the identified papers elaborated on the CCCs beyond existing policy documents and references. These papers were open‐coded to identify themes in how the CCCs were used. The identified themes suggest that the CCCs are useful for science teaching, learning, and research in terms of creating opportunities to learn, connecting to the big idea, linking to practice, drawing on funds of knowledge, and connecting across topics and disciplines. These themes were analyzed to identify areas of existing focus and those in need of additional research. This synthesis of the literature has implications for using and studying the CCCs within three‐dimensional teaching and learning.
Antioxidant potential and mineral content of medicinal plants grown in urban area of India
Authors: Sahu Pravin Kumar , Chakradhari Suryakant , Sharma Prasanna Kumar , Patel Khageshwar Singh , Yurdakul Sema , Martín‐Ramos Pablo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMedicinal plants accumulate minerals and synthesize phytochemicals valuable for treating human diseases. The objective of this work has been to characterize the polyphenol and mineral contents of 25 medicinal plant leaves grown in the urban environment of India to know their antioxidant, nutritional potentiality, and ease of contamination with toxic elements. Total polyphenol (TPh) and flavonoid (Fla), and mineral concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically and by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The leaves under study were found to be rich in polyphenols, nutrients (P, S, Cl, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mo), and other metals (Rb, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Co, As, Se, and Pb), with concentrations ranging from 1.28 to 3.96 g 100 g−1, from 219.8 to 7159.9 mg 100 g−1, and from 4.3 to 334.0 mg 100 g−1, respectively. Maximum polyphenol and mineral (nutrient and other elements) concentrations were detected in Melia azadirachta L. and Solanum lycopersicum L. leaves. Enrichment factors, correlations among elements, sources, health hazards associated with heavy metals, and potential applications of plant leaves are also discussed.