bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting student and staff perceptions of preclinical‐to‐clinical transition at a Chilean dental school
Authors: Tricio Jorge , Garcés Gonzalo , Vicuña Daniela , Orsini César 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDental education is a challenging and demanding field of study as students are expected to acquire various competencies to fulfil their professional requirements after graduation. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare dental students' and clinical staff instructors' perceptions of the preclinical‐to‐clinical transition training at a Dental School in Santiago, Chile.Material and MethodsTwo questionnaires containing 11 quantitative and one qualitative item were developed to assess our year three, four and five (n = 244) dental undergraduate students' challenges when they begin treating patients, and clinical staff (n = 78) perceptions of the preparedness to treat patients of the same students. Both questionnaires were voluntarily and anonymously implemented eight weeks after the beginning of the 2019 academic year. Responses were analysed using a Chi‐squared test for each quantitative question, while qualitative comments were studied to form themes and dimensions.RESULTSA total of 234 (96%) students and 60 (77%) instructors completed their respective questionnaire. There were considerable variations between students in the different years of the programme, as well as between students and staff members. Students and instructors felt the former had enough knowledge to treat patients though it was difficult for them to apply it in clinical practice. Again, both believed they could communicate with patients, but third year students asked for more training on this. Regarding practical skills, fourth‐ and fifth‐year students felt prepared but not third year students, who preferred to work in pairs with senior students, a preference that was shared by the instructors. All student groups asked clinical staff to provide more frequent, constructive and consistent feedback and felt that the difference between simulation and clinical environments and the amount of clinical work to fulfil clinical requirements made them feel stressed. Another mentioned stressor was students' low self‐confidence when working with patients. Among the requested improvements, students requested better training on how the dental clinic works to save time.ConclusionsPreclinical‐to‐clinical transition training presents several challenges. Some of the problems highlighted by both students and clinical staff members persisted with the transition after three, four and even five years of training, which needs to be addressed.
Preemptive cyclosporin A in immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Comparon Celine , Galicier Lionel , Rebibou Jean Michel , Coppo Paul , Benhamou Ygal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSurvivors of immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) are exposed to clinical relapses when a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13 (ADAMTS13) activity decreases during follow‐up. Although preemptive rituximab usually improves ADAMTS13 activity in this context, 15% of patients experience refractoriness or intolerance to rituximab and require alternative strategies. Here, we addressed whether cyclosporine A (CSA) could improve ADAMTS13 activity and prevent clinical relapses in this context. We treated preemptively with CSA 14 iTTP patients who were unresponsive (n = 11) or intolerant (n = 3) to rituximab. All patients had a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (activity <20%) and otherwise in clinical remission. ADAMTS13 activity normalized in almost all patients (n = 13, 93%), after a median time of 2.5 months [IQR 1–6] following initiation. Median duration of CSA treatment was 17.5 months [IQR 10–34]. ADAMTS13 activity further declined to undetectable values during follow‐up in five patients, but retreatment with rituximab or CSA allowed a recovery in ADAMTS13 activity in three cases. CSA could be stopped durably in two patients, while two others experienced an ADAMTS13 relapse. Severe but reversible side effects requiring cessation of the treatment occurred in two patients. CSA provides high and sustained response rates in patients who are refractory or intolerant to rituximab, with acceptable adverse events.
Aversive reactions of two invertebrate predators to European red–black insects
Authors: Segovia Julio M. G. , Pekár Stano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrey species gain protection by imitating signals of unpalatable models in defensive mimicry. Mimics have been traditionally classified as Batesian (palatable mimic resembling an unpalatable model) or Müllerian (unpalatable mimic resembling a similarly unpalatable model). However, recent studies suggest that rather than discrete categories, the phenomenon of mimicry can be better understood as a continuum. The level of unpalatability of defended prey is a key factor in determining the type of mimetic relationship. Herein, we used insects (ladybugs and true bugs) from a putative European “red–black” mimetic complex as experimental models of defended species and crickets as a control prey. We offered the prey to two species of sympatric invertebrate predators (praying mantis and spider) and video recorded the interactions. We tested three alternative hypotheses, namely (i) the three red–black species tested are similarly defended against both predators; (ii) some red–black species are better defended than others against both predator species, and (iii) the effectiveness of the red–black species defenses is predator dependent. Both predators attacked all prey types with a similar frequency. But while all three red–black species similarly elicited aversive behaviors in spiders, the mantises' aversive reactions varied depending on the prey species. Our results provide support to the third hypothesis, suggesting that the same prey species can fall into different parts of the spectrum of palatability–unpalatability depending on the type of predator.
Wound healing efficacy of rhamnolipid‐coated zinc oxide nanoparticle along with its in vivo antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Malakar Chandana , Kashyap Bhaswati , Kalita Mohan Chandra , Deka Suresh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRhamnolipids are microbial metabolites with antibacterial efficacies, which can be further boosted through the application of nanobiotechnology. In this study, the efficacy of rhamnolipid‐coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnRL) has been studied for their wound healing efficacy as well as in vivo antibacterial efficacy. Thus, this study evaluates the efficacy of ZnRL to heal an excised infected wound, which was compared with the healing efficacy of rhamnolipid and clindamycin. The study revealed that rhamnolipid‐coated zinc oxide nanoparticles possess promising wound healing efficacy with prominent antibacterial activity in the rat model. Prominent wound healing in a Staphylococcus aureus infected excised wound was observed on the 5th day of the treatment when the wound site was treated with 100 μl of 0.5 mg/ml of ZnRL. This concentration of ZnRL was found to exhibit efficient antibacterial activity against the pathogen, thereby decreasing the amount of pathogen in the wound site. ZnRL exhibited efficient wound contraction, thereby decreasing the size of the wound prominently in 5 days. Histological study revealed efficient tissue remodelling in ZnRL‐treated skin which resulted in rapid formation of the epidermis and recruitment of various dermal cells within the 5th day of treatment. The study also revealed the non‐cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles in fibroblast cell line L929 and the non‐haemolytic effect against blood cells, indicating its potential in pharmaceuticals.
Statistical learning from Brazilian fake news
Authors: Lima Gabriel B. , Chaves Thiago de M. , Freitas Wanessa W. L. , de Souza Renata M. C. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFake news is information that does not represent reality but is commonly shared on the internet as if it were true, mainly because of its dramatic, appealing, and controversial content. Therefore, a relevant issue is to find characteristics that can assist in identifying Fake News, mainly nowadays, where an increasing number of fake news is spread all over the internet every day. This work aims to extract knowledge from Brazilian fake news data based on statistical learning. Initially, an exploratory data analysis is performed for the available variables to extract insights from the differences between fake and true news. Then, the prediction and modelling are carried out. The learning phase aims to build a model and measure the features that best explain the behaviour of misleading texts, which leads to a parsimonious model. Finally, the test phase estimates the fitted model accuracy based on 10‐fold cross‐validation in the Monte Carlo framework. The results show that four variables are significant to explain fake news. Moreover, our model achieved comparable results with state‐of‐the‐art, 0.941 F‐measure, for a single classifier while having the advantage of being a parsimonious model. This work's details and code can be found at https://github.com/limagbz/fake-news-ptBR.
Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta‐analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants
Authors: Sun Yuming , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant‐environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta‐analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN) and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO2 but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations of C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the trade‐off supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO2. Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C‐N metabolism and growth‐defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation.
Perceptions and imaginaries about the fourth industrial revolution between geographies of opportunity and discontent: Some reflections on the Italian case
Authors: Lazzeroni Michela , Albanese Valentina Erminia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe pervasiveness of advanced technologies and their disruptive impact on society have spurred the debate on the emergence of a new industrial revolution and on its positive and negative effects, both at an individual and spatial level. This paper aims to contribute to this debate, focusing attention on the perception of changes related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and exploring new methods of analysis of the manifestations of both techno‐enthusiasm and opposition to it. Starting from the extensive literature in this field, the work adopts two research perspectives: the study of imaginaries and narratives developed around the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which convey different messages from social groups and places; the geographies of opportunity and discontent, which address the resentment expressed by some localities towards advanced technological models and growing inequalities. In this work the Fourth Industrial Revolution is not interpreted through data about the technological variables or interviews to protagonists of the phenomenon; rather, emphasis is on the points of view of non‐institutional subjects and, in particular, the opinions expressed by people on the Web. For this reason, the sentiment analysis has been adopted to identify both positive and negative polarities and the relevance of specific feelings through the selection of key words related to the notion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The empirical analysis based on this methodology focuses on the Italian case in a specific period (first and second phase of the pandemic, from January 2020 to September 2021) and, at a local level, on the comparison between four medium‐sized cities (Pisa, Lecce, Taranto and Terni). This paper also tries to extend recent contributions through the provision of new perspectives for the definition of policies designed with the involvement of the population and places regarding both the processes of technological change and the definition of new socio‐spatial models.
Factors associated with regular dental attendance by aged adults: A systematic review
Authors: Tu Raychel Yap , Liang Phoebe , Tan Alan Jia‐Ming , Tran Daniel Hien Gia , He Antonio Menglong , Je Heidi , Kroon Jeroen 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo determine factors influencing regular dental attendance in aged adults 65 and over according to Andersen's Behavioural Model.BackgroundRegular attendance for dental visits is vital to improve and maintain oral health, quality of life and general well‐being. Aged adults 65 years and older experience barriers to regular dental attendance, which in turn leads to an increased risk for oral diseases.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken in April 2021 in Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Cinahl, Dentistry & Oral Science Source via EBSCOhost and Embase for papers on factors influencing the frequency of attendance by older people. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for cohort and case–control studies, and with modified version of this tool for cross‐sectional studies. Frequency effect size was calculated for factors described in Andersen's Behavioural Model (predisposing, enabling and needs‐related).ResultsTwenty‐one studies were eligible for inclusion. Factors frequently investigated affecting regular dental attendance included: age, gender, education (predisposing); income, and social support (enabling); and remaining teeth, pain, perceived health (needs‐related). Income was the only factors with a 100% positive association with regular dental attendance.ConclusionsThis systematic review confirms the complex interconnectedness of several factors and dental attendance in older adults. A number of factors were identified which warrant further investigation to improve access to dental care to socio‐economically vulnerable older populations.
Multifunctionality and diversity of livestock grazing systems for sustainable food systems throughout the world: Are there learning opportunities for Europe?
Authors: Ickowicz Alexandre , Hubert Bernard , Blanchard Mélanie , Blanfort Vincent , Cesaro Jean‐Daniel , Diaw Arona , Lasseur Jacques , Thi Thanh Huyen Le , Li Li , Mauricio Rogerio Martins , Cangussu Mauroni , Müller Jean‐Pierre , Quiroga Mendiola Mariana , Quiroga Roger Juan , Vera Tomas Anibal , Ulambayar Tungalag , Wedderburn Liz 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThroughout the world, livestock grazing systems (LGS) include, and provide livelihoods for, many rural populations. These LGS are represented in a wide variety of agroecological contexts and offer a huge variety of system organization. They contribute to sustainable food systems by providing multiple products including low‐cost edible proteins and energy, draft power, outputs (carbon and soil nutrient regulation, landscape and biodiversity maintenance), roles (local development support in harsh environments, contribution to the circular economy) and benefits to populations (revenue, employment, and cultural assets). These multiple functions can be described through a multifunctional conceptual model specified for LGS. Applied to cases in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe, the framework enables the assessment of these systems in a holistic manner that includes four dimensions: production, social, environmental and local development. These dimensions and associated local indicators demonstrate the potential important contribution that LGS may deliver to sustainable food systems. Management of interactions and trade‐offs between these functions may be improved using such a model in a multi‐stakeholder approach. Some of the functions and balance between them might have been overlooked in the consideration of European food systems.
Role of computed tomography‐based evaluation of skeletal muscle area in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Harada Taisuke , Kondo Hidekazu , Yufu Kunio , Uno Akihiro , Takahashi Masaki , Wada Masato , Yamasaki Hirochika , Ogawa Naoko , Takano Masayuki , Hirota Kei , Ishii Yumi , Yonezu Keisuke , Saito Shotaro , Fukui Akira , Akioka Hidefumi , Shinohara Tetsuji , Teshima Yasushi , Nakagawa Mikiko , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: October 2022

AimThis study aimed to determine possible associations between sarcopenia and poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization therapy.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 120 patients who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy between March 2004 and June 2018. In total, 58 patients who underwent computed tomography within 30 days of cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation were eligible for inclusion, and their data were analyzed (25 women; 33 men; mean age 71.6 ± 8.7 years). Skeletal muscle area was measured at the third lumbar vertebra, and skeletal muscle index was calculated. Major adverse cardiovascular events included cardiovascular death, hospitalization due to heart failure, cerebral infarction, acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period (mean 868 ± 617 days), major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 22 of 58 patients (38%). The patients were allocated to two groups according to sex‐based tertiles of skeletal muscle index. The lowest tertile was defined as the low skeletal muscle index group. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the low skeletal muscle index group had a higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (log‐rank 4.38; P = 0.036). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis also showed that low skeletal muscle index values were significantly associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 3.08; 95% confidence interval 1.26–7.66, P = 0.014).ConclusionsDecreases in skeletal mass index on computed tomography might predict the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 1013–1018.
Emicizumab dose up‐titration in case of suboptimal bleeding control in people with haemophilia A
Authors: Schmitt Christophe , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Chang Tiffany , Podolak‐Dawidziak Maria , Petry Claire , Sidonio Jr Robert , Yoneyama Koichiro , Key Nigel S. , Niggli Markus , Lehle Michaela , Peyvandi Flora , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab promotes effective haemostasis in people with haemophilia A (PwHA). It is indicated for routine prophylaxis of bleeding episodes in PwHA with or without factor (F)VIII inhibitors.AimTo investigate the effect of emicizumab dose up‐titration in PwHA with suboptimal bleeding control.MethodsData from seven completed or ongoing phase III studies were pooled. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and bleeding events were evaluated before and after dose up‐titration. Adverse events (AEs) were compared between PwHA with and without dose up‐titration.ResultsOf 675 PwHA evaluable for the analysis, 24 (3.6%) had their maintenance dose up‐titrated to 3 mg/kg once weekly (QW). Two participants had neutralising antibodies (nAbs) associated with decreased emicizumab exposure, and dose increase did not compensate for the effect of nAbs. In the other 22 participants, mean emicizumab steady‐state trough concentrations increased from 44.0 to 86.2 μg/mL after up‐titration. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) efficacy period prior to up‐titration was 24.6 (24.0–32.0) weeks. The model‐based annualised bleed rate for ‘treated bleeds’ and ‘all bleeds’ decreased by 70.2% and 72.9%, respectively, after a median (IQR) follow‐up of 97.1 (48.4–123.3) weeks in the up‐titration period. Incidences of injection‐site reactions and serious AEs were higher in PwHA with up‐titration; however, this was already observed in these participants before the dose up‐titration. Overall, the safety profile appeared similar between PwHA with and without up‐titration.ConclusionThe dose up‐titration to 3 mg/kg QW was well tolerated. Bleed control improved in most participants whose bleeding tendency was inadequately controlled during clinical trials.
Diffusion bonding of SiC ceramics with interlayers of metallic titanium foils and PVD titanium coatings
Authors: Halbig Michael C. , Singh Mrityunjay , Tsuda Hisoshi , Asthana Rajiv 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is a candidate material for high‐temperature structural aerospace applications due to its thermal and mechanical properties. Joining technologies enable the fabrication of complex shaped components needed for such applications. Various interlayers and processing conditions were used to form diffusion bonds between SiC substrates. Interlayers of titanium (Ti) foils and physically vapor deposited Ti coatings were used in the thicknesses of 10 and 20 μm with processing hold times of 1, 2, and 4 h. Polished cross sections of resulting diffusion bonds were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the TEM analysis, selected‐area diffraction patterns for Ti3SiC2, Ti5Si3Cx, and TiSi2 were observed. Moreover, TiC and an unknown phase were present in diffusion bonds formed with metallic titanium foil. From the SEM/EDS analyses, intermediate phases of Ti5Si3Cx and TiC were found to be present in microcracked diffusion bonds. With the thinner Ti interlayers and/or longer processing time, microcracking was alleviated or eliminated due to the presence of the more stable and lower thermal expansive phases of Ti3SiC2 and TiSi2. Detailed analysis of microstructures and the probable phases that formed in the bonded regions is presented.