bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flash evaporation of low volatility solid precursors by a scanning infrared laser
Authors: Geiss Jeremias , Schulte Jeldrik , Winterer Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe steady and stoichiometric delivery of metal-organic precursor mixtures is essential for the production of complex, functional nanomaterials in the gas phase. Chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) is a corresponding process which enables the production of complex oxide nanoparticles such as perovskites. While there exist a vast number of compositions that form perovskite structures, many technically relevant materials consist of transition metals and lanthanides. Their corresponding metal organic precursors often deviate significantly in their thermal behavior, resulting in a challenging delivery of precursors to the reactor. One suitable method for precursor delivery is flash evaporation by an infrared laser, where a mixture of solid precursors is instantly sublimed. Using flash evaporation, the stoichiometry of the generated vapor corresponds to the composition of precursors in the solid mixture. In this study, we present an alternative flash evaporation system based on a marking laser which rapidly scans a focused infrared beam across a precursor powder bed. By focusing the beam, higher energy densities are reached, compared to existing systems while a large area powder bed is repeatedly scanned and sublimed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements confirm the decomposition-free sublimation of precursor mixtures. Furthermore, we confirm the successful precursor delivery by the synthesis of LaFeO3 nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 5.3 nm. The structure of the ensemble of nanoparticles is examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction (SAED), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) at the Fe-K edge analyzed by reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) analysis.
Deterrence, settlement, and litigation under adversarial versus inquisitorial systems
Authors: Guerra Alice , Maraki Maria , Massenot Baptiste , Thöni Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we compare deterrence, settlement, and litigation spending under adversarial and inquisitorial systems. We present a basic litigation model with three sequential stages—care, settlement, litigation—and we test the predictions on experimental data. In line with our theoretical expectations, we find that, compared with the adversarial system, the inquisitorial system is associated with lower litigation spending, lower rates of cases settled, and tends to strengthen deterrence.
Quantifying the Permeability Enhancement from Blast-Induced Microfractures in Porphyry Rocks Using a Cumulant Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Mitchell T. R. , Roslin A. , Łaniewski-Wołłk Ł. , Onederra I. , Leonardi C. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe permeability of rocks is important in a range of geoscientific applications, including $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

sequestration, geothermal energy extraction, and in situ mineral recovery. This work presents an investigation of the change in permeability in porphyry rock samples due to blast-induced fracturing. Two samples were analysed before and after exposure to stress waves induced by the detonation of an explosive charge. Micro-computed tomography was used to image the interior of the samples at a pixel resolution of $$10.3\,\mu m$$

10.3

μ
m

. The images were segmented into void, matrix, and grain to help quantify the differences in the rock samples. Following this, they were binarised as void or solid and the cumulant lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was applied to simulate the flow of fluid through the connected void space. A correction required with the use of inlet and outlet reservoirs in computational permeability assessment was also proposed. Interrogation of the steady-state flow field allowed the pre- and post-loading permeability to be extracted. Conclusions were then drawn as to the effectiveness of blasting for enhancing fluid accessibility via the generation of microfractures in the rock matrix within the vicinity of a detonated charge. This paper makes contributions in three fundamental areas relating to the numerical assessment of permeability and the enhancement of fluid accessibility in low-porosity rocks. Firstly, a correction factor was proposed to account for the reservoirs commonly imposed on digitised rock samples when investigating sample permeability through numerical methods. Secondly, it validates the benefits of the LBM in handling complex geometries that would be intractable with conventional computational fluid dynamics methods that require body-fitted meshing. This is done with a novel implementation of the cumulant LBM in the open-source TCLB code. Finally, the improvement in fluid accessibility in low-permeability rock samples was shown through the assessment of multiple regions within two blasted samples. It was found that the blast-induced loading can generate extended microfractures that results in multiple orders of magnitude of permeability enhancement if the target rock possesses existing weaknesses and/or mineralisation.
PV-RCNN++: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction With Local Vector Representation for 3D Object Detection
Authors: Shi Shaoshuai , Jiang Li , Deng Jiajun , Wang Zhe , Guo Chaoxu , Shi Jianping , Wang Xiaogang , Li Hongsheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract3D object detection is receiving increasing attention from both industry and academia thanks to its wide applications in various fields. In this paper, we propose Point-Voxel Region-based Convolution Neural Networks (PV-RCNNs) for 3D object detection on point clouds. First, we propose a novel 3D detector, PV-RCNN, which boosts the 3D detection performance by deeply integrating the feature learning of both point-based set abstraction and voxel-based sparse convolution through two novel steps,i.e., the voxel-to-keypoint scene encoding and the keypoint-to-grid RoI feature abstraction. Second, we propose an advanced framework, PV-RCNN++, for more efficient and accurate 3D object detection. It consists of two major improvements: sectorized proposal-centric sampling for efficiently producing more representative keypoints, and VectorPool aggregation for better aggregating local point features with much less resource consumption. With these two strategies, our PV-RCNN++ is about$$3\times $$3×faster than PV-RCNN, while also achieving better performance. The experiments demonstrate that our proposed PV-RCNN++ framework achieves state-of-the-art 3D detection performance on the large-scale and highly-competitive Waymo Open Dataset with 10 FPS inference speed on the detection range of$$150m \times 150m$$150m×150m.
Teaching in a natural history museum: what can we learn from Estonian elementary school teachers?
Authors: Uppin Helene , Timoštšuk Inge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNatural history museums are great places for learning new concepts and enhancing social skills and motivation. However, it is often difficult for teachers to make full use of the museum as a learning environment. Some teachers seem to be more successful than others in crossing the boundaries—they enjoy and value field trips and advocate for them in the teaching community. Such teachers are a valuable source of information on how to overcome factors that hinder field trips and support meaning-making in the museum. This study explored the practices of eight Estonian elementary school teachers who create, conduct, and analyse learning activities at a natural history museum without the direct help of museum educators. All participants frequently and willingly teach across different learning environments. A qualitative multiple case study strategy was used. The teachers were interviewed and learning activities were observed. Field notes, interview transcripts, lesson plans, and thick descriptions of observations were analysed. The participating teachers valued learning across different learning environments and were skilful in overcoming most problems connected to field trips. Teachers demonstrated supportive relationships with their students, which seemed pivotal in facilitating engagement. Estonian elementary teachers seem to have more autonomy in their teaching practices compared with their colleagues from other countries. However, participants struggled to use hands-on and interactive exhibits. This study highlighted the need for more collaboration between museum educators and Estonian elementary school teachers, especially in order to create more individualized and problem-solving oriented learning tasks.
Aid and institutions: Local effects of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality in Africa
Authors: Isaksson Ann-Sofie , Durevall Dick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMotivated by the lack of sub-national empirical evidence on the relationship between aid and institutional development, this study explores the local effects of World Bank aid on perceived institutional quality in African aid receiving countries. We combine geo-referenced data on the subnational allocation of World Bank aid projects to Africa over the 1995–2014 period with geo-coded survey data for 73,640 respondents across 12 Sub-Saharan African countries. The empirical results, which are robust across a wide range of specifications as well as to using alternative identification strategies, suggest a positive impact of World Bank aid on citizens’ expressed willingness to abide by key formal institutions. This applies for overall World Bank aid, but as may be expected, the estimated effects are more pronounced when restricting our attention to projects focusing on institution building. Notably, the observed effects concern finalized projects, not projects still under implementation, highlighting that institutional change is a slow process.
Planar-Biaxial Thermo-mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Nickel-Base Superalloy Inconel 718 Under Proportional Loading
Authors: Böcker Marco , Babu Harish Ramesh , Henkel Sebastian , Raddatz Mario , Gampe Uwe , Biermann Horst 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe planar-biaxial thermo-mechanical fatigue behavior of nickel-base superalloy Inconel 718 was studied for selected proportional loading conditions, in particular biaxial strain ratios of 1.0, 0.6, and − 1.0. The cyclic temperature loading with minimum and maximum temperatures of 400 °C and 630 °C and a duration of 250 seconds was either In-Phase or Out-of-Phase to the mechanical axes. Besides the multiaxial tests, uniaxial thermo-mechanical fatigue tests were conducted In-Phase and Out-of-Phase with the same temperature cycle and cycle duration. The performed thermo-mechanical fatigue tests were analyzed regarding the deformation and lifetime behavior and compared with high-temperature isothermal low-cycle fatigue tests from a previous work of the authors. On the side of the lifetime description, a strain- and a stress-based approach were presented. For the planar-biaxial tests, the crack initiation mechanism and crack paths were shown.
Teacher support and learning engagement of EFL learners: The mediating role of self-efficacy and achievement goal orientation
Authors: Liu Qiong , Du Xiujun , Lu Haoyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGiven the extremely preeminent role of students’ learning engagement (LE) in their academic success, investigating the predictors of LE for EFL learners seems critical. Prior research has demonstrated that the external environmental factors (e.g., teacher support) and the internal motivational factors (e.g., self-efficacy, achievement goal orientation) were related to LE, yet the internal mechanism is still under-explored. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the associations between teacher support and LE and the possible underlying mechanism through which teacher support influences LE with individual motivational variables of self-efficacy and achievement goal orientation the mediators for EFL learners in China. A sample of 466 Chinese college EFL learners participated in the study. Results indicated that (1) both academic support and emotional support significantly predicted LE; (2) academic support predicted LE through the separate mediation of self-efficacy, mastery goals and performance-approach goals; whereas emotional support only predicted LE through mastery goals; (3) academic support, but not emotional support, predicted LE through the chain mediation of self-efficacy and mastery goals, self-efficacy and performance-approach goals. These results elucidated the mechanism of different teacher support on LE and provided some implications for promoting EFL learners’ engagement.
A new method of evaluating well-controlled reserves of tight gas sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Guo Xiangdong , Lv Min , Cui Hongjun , Lei Kaiyu , Lei Yanyun , Zhu Yushuang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on static geology and dynamic production of typical wells in Yan'an gas field, a convenient method of the wells controlled reserves was established combining with material balance method (MB). The method was applied to 88 wells in Yan'an tight gas field. The results show that: ①Controlled by pore structure, wells are divided into three types based on the morphology of the capillary pressure curve and the analysis of the parameter characteristics, and their productivity is evaluated, respectively. ②The flow material balance method (FMB) ignores the change of natural gas compressibility, viscosity and Z in the calculation. After the theoretical calculation of 30 gas samples, the slope of the curve of the relationship between bottom hole pressure and cumulative production and the slope of the curve of the relationship between average formation pressure and cumulative production are not equal. ③Compared with the results of the MB, the result of the FMB is smaller, and the maximum error is 34.66%. The consequence of the modified FMB is more accurate, and the average error is 2.45%, which has good applicability. The established method is simple, only requiring production data with high precision, providing a new method to evaluate well-controlled reserves of tight gas sandstone. This method with significant application value can also offer reference values for other evaluating methods of well-controlled reserves.
An explanatory approach to modeling the fleet assignment in the global air transportation system
Authors: Kühlen Markus , Lütjens Klaus , Linke Florian , Gollnick Volker 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAirlines’ fleet assignment heavily affects the economic and ecological performance of the global air transportation system (ATS). Consequently, it is inevitable to include potential changes of the fleet assignment when modeling and assessing future global ATS scenarios. Therefore, this article presents a novel explanatory approach to modeling the fleet assignment in the global ATS. The presented approach is based on formulating and solving an optimization problem, which describes the fleet assignment in the ATS through a suitable combination of objective function and constraints. While the objective function combines both the airline and the passenger perspective on the fleet assignment, the constraints include additional operational and technological aspects. In comparison to the available global fleet assignment models in the literature, which rely on statistical approaches, the advantages of the presented approach via an optimization problem lie in the overall scenario capability and the consideration of explicit aircraft types instead of simplifying seat categories. To calibrate and validate our model, we use 10 years of historic flight schedule data. The results underline the strengths and weaknesses of the presented approach and indicate potential for future improvement.
Modelling mortality: A bayesian factor-augmented var (favar) approach
Authors: Lu Yang , Zhu Dan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLongevity risk is putting more and more financial pressure on governments and pension plans worldwide due to pensioners’ increasing trend of life expectancy and the growing numbers of people reaching retirement age. Lee and Carter (1992,Journal of the American Statistical Association,87(419), 659–671.) applied a one-factor dynamic factor model to forecast the trend of mortality improvement, and the model has since become the field’s workhorse. It is, however, well known that their model is subject to the limitation of overlooking cross-dependence between different age groups. We introduce Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) models to the mortality modelling literature. The model, obtained by adding an unobserved factor process to a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) process, nests VAR and Lee–Carter models as special cases and inherits both frameworks’ advantages. A Bayesian estimation approach, adapted from the Minnesota prior, is proposed. The empirical application to the US and French mortality data demonstrates our proposed method’s efficacy in both in-sample and out-of-sample performance.
Empirical stability boundary for hierarchical triples
Authors: Tory Max , Grishin Evgeni , Mandel Ilya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The three-body problem is famously chaotic, with no closed-form analytical solutions. However, hierarchical systems of three or more bodies can be stable over indefinite timescales. A system is considered hierarchical if the bodies can be divided into separate two-body orbits with distinct time and length scales, such that one orbit is only mildly affected by the gravitation of the other bodies. Previous work has mapped the stability of such systems at varying resolutions over a limited range of parameters, and attempts have been made to derive analytic and semi-analytic stability boundary fits to explain the observed phenomena. Certain regimes are understood relatively well. However, there are large regions of the parameter space which remain unmapped, and for which the stability boundary is poorly understood. We present a comprehensive numerical study of the stability boundary of hierarchical triples over a range of initial parameters. Specifically, we consider the mass ratio of the inner binary to the outer third body (

$q_\mathrm{out}$

), mutual inclination (i), initial mean anomaly and eccentricity of both the inner and outer binaries (

$e_\mathrm{in}$

and

$e_\mathrm{out}$

respectively). We fit the dependence of the stability boundary on

$q_\mathrm{ out}$

as a threshold on the ratio of the inner binary’s semi-major axis to the outer binary’s pericentre separation

$a_\mathrm{in}/R_\mathrm{p, out} \leq 10^{-0.6 + 0.04q_\mathrm{out}}q_\mathrm{out}^{0.32+0.1q_\mathrm{out}}$

for coplanar prograde systems. We develop an additional factor to account for mutual inclination. The resulting fit predicts the stability of

$10^4$

orbits randomly initialised close to the stability boundary with

$87.7\%$

accuracy.
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on pain: an analysis of data from the D-Health randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rahman Aninda , Waterhouse Mary , Baxter Catherine , Romero Briony Duarte , McLeod Donald S. A. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Ebeling Peter R. , English Dallas R. , Hartel Gunter , Kimlin Michael G. , O’Connell Rachel , van der Pols Jolieke C. , Venn Alison J. , Webb Penelope M. , Whiteman David C. , Neale Rachel E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObservational studies suggest that 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is inversely associated with pain. However, findings from intervention trials are inconsistent. We assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation on pain using data from a large, double-blind, population-based, placebo-controlled trial (the D-Health Trial). 21 315 participants (aged 60–84 years) were randomly assigned to a monthly dose of 60 000 IU vitamin D3 or matching placebo. Pain was measured using the six-item Pain Impact Questionnaire (PIQ-6), administered 1, 2 and 5 years after enrolment. We used regression models (linear for continuous PIQ-6 score and log-binomial for binary categorisations of the score, namely ‘some or more pain impact’ and ‘presence of any bodily pain’) to estimate the effect of vitamin D on pain. We included 20 423 participants who completed ≥1 PIQ-6. In blood samples collected from 3943 randomly selected participants (∼800 per year), the mean (sd) 25(OH)D concentrations were 77 (sd 25) and 115 (sd 30) nmol/l in the placebo and vitamin D groups, respectively. Most (76 %) participants were predicted to have 25(OH)D concentration >50 nmol/l at baseline. The mean PIQ-6 was similar in all surveys (∼50·4). The adjusted mean difference in PIQ-6 score (vitamin D cf placebo) was 0·02 (95 % CI (−0·20, 0·25)). The proportion of participants with some or more pain impact and with the presence of bodily pain was also similar between groups (both prevalence ratios 1·01, 95 % CI (0·99, 1·03)). In conclusion, supplementation with 60 000 IU of vitamin D3/month had negligible effect on bodily pain.
Diet quality indices and their associations with all-cause mortality, CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review
Authors: Brlek Aljaž , Gregorič Matej 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous observational studies have investigated associations between diet indices and health outcomes. Our aim was to systematically synthesise data that was previously summarised separately for each diet index in one umbrella review of all diet indices with sufficient evidence gained in systematic reviews and to assess the quality and strength of evidence for selected health outcomes. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were systematically searched following the PRISMA guidelines through October 2021 for systematic reviews of observational studies investigating associations between adherence to diet indices and selected health outcomes (all-cause mortality, CVD incidence or mortality, type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence or mortality). Methodological quality and quality of evidence were assessed using the AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade tools. The inclusion criteria were met by seven systematic reviews, entirely based on prospective cohort studies and reviewing five different diet indices – alternate healthy eating index (AHEI), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), dietary inflammatory index (DII), healthy eating index (HEI) and Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). All seven included systematic reviews showed that greater adherence to these diet indices reduces the risks of all-cause mortality, CVD incidence and mortality and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence. Moderate meta-evidence was presented for AHEI and DASH for all outcomes, also for DII for all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and incidence, MedDiet for all-cause mortality and for HEI for CVD incidence and mortality. Our umbrella review provides further evidence for AHEI, DASH, DII and HEI diet indices to be used as predictors of selected health outcomes.
The Economic Crisis of the 1690s in England
Authors: Waddell Brodie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBeginning in 1689, England was struck by not one but three economic shocks. First, the war against France – Europe's greatest military power – attracted swarms of hostile warships and privateers that heavily damaged English maritime trade, while military expenses also led to a doubling of the tax burden. Second, wartime conditions and government mismanagement sparked a currency crisis in 1695–7 that halted much domestic commerce and caused a run on the recently founded Bank of England. Third, William III's reign brought rapid inflation in the cost of the necessities of life, especially food and fuel, which resulted in prolonged widespread hunger from 1693 onwards. Yet, these hardships have rarely received more than a passing mention in political histories of the Glorious Revolution and do not fit easily into the narratives of economic expansion in the later Stuart period. Close analysis of these ‘hard times’ demonstrates the limits of histories that emphasize long-term developments over short-term crises. Using evidence from a wide range of local and national archives, this article shows the impact of these shocks on the lives of ordinary people.