bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical evaluation of date palm sheath fibre characteristics as a reinforcement for developing sustainable cementitious composites from waste materials
Authors: Awad Said , Ghaffar Seyed Hamidreza , Hamouda Tamer , Midani Mohamad , Katsou Evina , Fan Mizi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Decarbonizing the construction industry is an important step towards achieving the net-zero goals for many countries. New technologies and materials are extensively investigated and proposed to meet sustainability guidelines imposed by governments. This research develops a novel mix of sustainable pozzolanic cementitious composite ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)) reinforced with date palm fibre (DPF) to evaluate the effect of varying DPF loading contents (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) and lengths (10, 20, 30, and 40 mm) on the mechanical (compressive and flexural strength) and physical properties (water absorption) of the produced composite. The effect of curing conditions and DPF surface modification on the mechanical and physical properties was also explored. The results showed that the utilization of DPF as a reinforcement for GGBS/OPC improves the flexural and compressive strength of the composites, which represents a sustainable alternative to synthetic reinforcements for construction applications. Optimal results were demonstrated at the inclusion of 20-mm alkali-treated DPF at a loading content of 1 wt.% showing an enhancement in strength by 57.12% and 30.97% of flexural and compressive strength, respectively, at 28 days of ageing in a water bath.
Graphical abstract
Experimental investigation on the compressive behaviour of FRP-confined rectangular concrete columns
Authors: de Diego Ana , Martínez Sonia , Castro Viviana Jacqueline , Echevarría Luis , Barroso Francisco Javier , Gutiérrez José Pedro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive experimental study on the behaviour of FRP-confined concrete in square and rectangular columns and focuses on some issues that might be addressed with a view to improving the predictive models. For this purpose, 31 prismatic concrete specimens with a height of 600 mm and low- and medium-strength concrete (20–35 MPa) were tested under centred compression. The parameters studied were the aspect ratio between the sides of the section (1, 1.5 and 2), the radius of curvature of the corners (20, 25 and 30 mm) and the number of carbon FRP layers applied. The experimental results included stress–strain curves of specimens and detailed information about the confined concrete strength and the axial and lateral strain achieved on the FRP jacket during the tests. The stress–strain response and ultimate condition are analysed, showing that FRP jacketing is an efficient technique for increasing the strength and strain capacity, but that confinement efficiency decreases as the aspect ratio of the section increases. In spite of such decrease, significant strength improvement was achieved for low-strength concrete in rectangular sections with aspect ratios of 1.5 (strength gain up to 81%), and even 2 (up to 36%). The axial strength of the tests was compared with the design criteria of four international guidelines, resulting in predictions that did not properly fit for rectangular sections. A predictive equation is proposed to assess the axial compressive strength of the FRP-confined concrete, which includes a better adjustment for the strain efficiency factor and the shape factor for rectangular columns.
Investigation of the Main Energies of Picture Fuzzy Graph and its Applications
Authors: Shi Xiaolong , Kosari Saeed , Talebi Ali Asghar , Sadati Seyed Hossein , Rashmanlou Hossein 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPicture fuzzy graph, belonging to fuzzy graphs family, has good capabilities at times when we are faced with problems that cannot be expressed by fuzzy graphs and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs. When an element membership is not clear, neutrality is a good option that can be well-supported by a picture fuzzy graph. The previous definitions limitations in fuzzy graph energy have led us to offer new definitions in picture fuzzy graphs. In this article, we expanded the energy concept on the picture fuzzy graph and sought to use this concept in modeling issues related to this graph and solving some problems including the neutrality state. We were able to show that neutrality, as part of total energy, is effective in energy-based decisions. This is noticeable in some types of energy and is more pronounced. We were looking for a way to rank the available options using the picture fuzzy graph and its Laplacian energy/energy in decision making. We studied some types of energy including Laplacian and skew Laplacian in both picture fuzzy graphs and picture fuzzy digraphs, and discussed some of its properties. We discussed some energy boundaries in this graph, and finally, the applications of energy were presented.
Agricultural Policies and Technical Efficiency of Wheat Production in Kazakhstan and Russia: Evidence from a Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Tleubayev Alisher , Bobojonov Ihtiyor , Götz Linde 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe utilize a unique primary data set of farms in Russia and Kazakhstan to investigate the link between policy reforms and technical efficiency. These countries have heavily subsidized their domestic agricultural production over the last decade, with a total of around USD 76 billion USD and USD 11.5 billion USD in government funding directed towards the agricultural sectors in Russia and Kazakhstan, respectively. Results of a stochastic frontier analysis make evident that variable inputs, such as fertilizer, have a relatively large influence on wheat production compared to land. Nearly every fifth farm has a technical efficiency level lower than 60%, suggesting significant unrealized production potential. While our analysis shows a negative relation between subsidies and efficiency, other factors, such as farmer’s education, cooperative and agroholding membership, and participation in insurance programs, are positively related to farm efficiency. The results imply that the governments and policymakers could mobilize the unutilized wheat production potential by improving the farmer education system, fostering cooperation among farms, and developing functioning farm insurance schemes.
‘Prototype warfare’: Innovation, optimisation, and the experimental way of warfare
Authors: Hoijtink Marijn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the concept of ‘prototype warfare’ has been adopted by Western militaries to accelerate the experimental development, acquisition, and deployment of emerging technologies in warfare. Building on scholarship at the intersection of Science and Technology Studies and International Relations investigating the broader discursive and material infrastructures that underpin contemporary logics of war, and taking a specific interest in the relationship between science, technology, and war, this article points out how prototype warfare captures the emergence of a new regime of warfare, which I term theexperimental way of warfare. While warfare has always been defined by experimental activity, what is particular in the current context is how experimentation spans across an increasingly wide range of military practices, operating on the basis of a highly speculative understanding of experimentation that embraces failure as a productive force. Tracing the concept of prototype warfare across Western military discourse and practice, and zooming in on how prototype warfare takes experimentation directly into the battlefield, the article concludes by outlining how prototype warfare reconfigures and normalises military intervention as anopportunityfor experimentation, while outsourcing the failures that are a structural condition of the experimental way of warfare to others, ‘over there’.
Casting the atomic canon: (R)evolving nuclear strategy: A reply
Authors: Freedman Lawrence , Michaels Jeffrey H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe are grateful to Kjølv Egeland, Thomas Fraise, and Hebatalla Taha for their commentary on the four editions of The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy. In addition to their critique of the book, their review was intended to offer ‘a looking glass into the broader field of nuclear security studies’. Our reply to their review therefore touches both upon their critique, as well as the more general theme of writing about the history of nuclear strategy. Although we disagree with many of their criticisms, and in some instances believe our work was misrepresented, the reviewers have nevertheless made points that deserve serious consideration by ourselves as well as other scholars working in the field. In this reply, we not only defend our work, but also use this as an opportunity to discuss how to approach the past of nuclear strategy, which in turn can allow us to better appreciate the present and future. In the first half of our reply we discuss the reviewers’ more general criticisms of our approach. In the second half we deal with some specific criticisms.
Evolution of the paleo-Daesan Bay (Nakdong River, South Korea) as a result of Holocene sea level change
Authors: Lim Jaesoo , Yi Sangheon , Han Min , Park Sujeong , Kim Youngeun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo explore sea level transgression in low-lying inland areas and its possible influence on prehistoric cultures, we investigated the physical and geochemical features of 20-m-long sedimentary cores from the previously seawater-filled Daesan Basin located in the middle reach of the present Nakdong River in Korea as proxies for seawater transgression deep inland areas due to Holocene sea level rise. Based on the relationships among grain size, total sulfur content (TS%), and carbon/sulfur (C/S) ratio, the first transgressive event was detected at ca. 8500 cal yr BP, caused by seawater influx along the present Nakdong River. Higher TS% (0.8–1%) and interbedded fossil oysters at 8000–6000 cal yr BP indicate marine environments, supporting a paleo-Daesan Bay with water depth of ~10–8 m. The common peaks in TS%, in both inland paleo-Daesan Bay and a present coastal area (Suncheon Bay) in southern Korea (e.g., at 3200 and 4700 cal yr BP), may indicate intervals of higher salinity, which suggests simultaneous responses to changes in sea level or hydroclimate. The duration of marine environment (paleo-Daesan Bay) in the remote inland from ca. 8000–3200 cal yr BP provides an analog for inland paleo-bay studies in East Asia.
Multiple serum biomarkers for predicting suicidal behaviours in depressive patients receiving pharmacotherapy
Authors: Kim Jae-Min , Kang Hee-Ju , Kim Ju-Wan , Choi Wonsuk , Lee Ju-Yeon , Kim Sung-Wan , Shin Il-Seon , Kim Min-Gon , Chun Byung Jo , Stewart Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPredictive values of multiple serum biomarkers for suicidal behaviours (SBs) have rarely been tested. This study sought to evaluate and develop a panel of multiple serum biomarkers for predicting SBs in outpatients receiving a 12-month pharmacotherapy programme for depressive disorders.MethodsAt baseline, 14 serum biomarkers and socio-demographic/clinical characteristics including previous suicidal attempt and present suicidal severity were evaluated in 1094 patients with depressive disorders without a bipolar diagnosis. Of these, 884 were followed for increased suicidal severity and fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt outcomes over a 12-month treatment period. Individual and combined effects of serum biomarkers on these two prospective SBs were estimated using logistic regression analysis after adjustment for relevant covariates.ResultsIncreased suicidal severity and fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt during the 12-month pharmacotherapy were present in 155 (17.5%) and 38 (4.3%) participants, respectively. Combined cortisol, total cholesterol, and folate serum biomarkers predicted fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt, and these with interleukin-1 beta and homocysteine additionally predicted increased suicidal severity, with clear gradients robust to adjustment (p values < 0.001).ConclusionsApplication of multiple serum biomarkers could considerably improve the predictability of SBs during the outpatient treatment of depressive disorders, potentially highlighting the need for more frequent monitoring and risk appraisal.
Anterior default mode network and posterior insular connectivity is predictive of depressive symptom reduction following serial ketamine infusion
Authors: Wade Benjamin S. C. , Loureiro Joana , Sahib Ashish , Kubicki Antoni , Joshi Shantanu H. , Hellemann Gerhard , Espinoza Randall T. , Woods Roger P. , Congdon Eliza , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundKetamine is a rapidly-acting antidepressant treatment with robust response rates. Previous studies have reported that serial ketamine therapy modulates resting state functional connectivity in several large-scale networks, though it remains unknown whether variations in brain structure, function, and connectivity impact subsequent treatment success. We used a data-driven approach to determine whether pretreatment multimodal neuroimaging measures predict changes along symptom dimensions of depression following serial ketamine infusion.MethodsPatients with depression (n = 60) received structural, resting state functional, and diffusion MRI scans before treatment. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-C), and the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) before and 24 h after patients received four (0.5 mg/kg) infusions of racemic ketamine over 2 weeks. Nineteen unaffected controls were assessed at similar timepoints. Random forest regression models predicted symptom changes using pretreatment multimodal neuroimaging and demographic measures.ResultsTwo HDRS-17 subscales, the HDRS-6 and core mood and anhedonia (CMA) symptoms, and the RRS: reflection (RRSR) scale were predicted significantly with 19, 27, and 1% variance explained, respectively. Increased right medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate and posterior insula (PoI) and lower kurtosis of the superior longitudinal fasciculus predicted reduced HDRS-6 and CMA symptoms following treatment. RRSR change was predicted by global connectivity of the left posterior cingulate, left insula, and right superior parietal lobule.ConclusionsOur findings support that connectivity of the anterior default mode network and PoI may serve as potential biomarkers of antidepressant outcomes for core depressive symptoms.
Gute Führung in anspruchsvollen Pflegesettings
Authors: Blom Nicole , Noelle Rüdiger , Steffen Hermann-T. 
Published: May 2022

Was ist zu dem Thema bekannt? In den letzten Jahren wurde vermehrt über Ursachen der steigenden Fehlzeiten und der Berufsflucht von Pflegefachpersonen geforscht. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die Aufrechterhaltung der psychischen Gesundheit ist die Pflicht aller Arbeitgebenden, um einen längerfristigen Erhalt der quantitativen und qualitativ professionell Pflegenden zu gewährleisten. Dies kann mit einem Umdenken der Führungskultur gelingen. Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis? Eine mitarbeiterorientierte „gute“ Führungskultur kann einen Beitrag dazu leisten, berufsbedingtem emotionalen Ausbrennen präventiv zu begegnen, Pflegefachpersonen weniger zu demotivieren und somit langfristig im Beruf zu halten.
Quantitative Stress Test of Compound Coastal‐Fluvial Floods in China's Pearl River Delta
Authors: Qiu Jiangchao , Liu Bingjun , Yang Fang , Wang Xiaola , He Xiaogang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFloods in river deltas are driven by complex interactions between astronomical tides, sea levels, storm surges, wind waves, rainfall‐runoff, and river discharge. Given the anticipated increase in compound flood hazards in river deltas in a warming climate, climate‐informed regional to local extreme water levels (EWLs) is thus critical for decision‐makers to evaluate flood hazards and take adaptation measures. We develop a simple yet computationally efficient stress test framework, which combines historical and projected climatological information and a state‐of‐the‐art hydrodynamic model, to assess future compound coastal‐fluvial flood hazards in river deltas. Our framework is applied in the world's largest single urban area, China's Pearl River Delta (PRD), which is also characterized by densely crossed river network. We find that extreme sea level is the dominant driver causing the compound coastal‐fluvial flood in the PRD over the past 60 years. Meanwhile, there is large spatial heterogeneity of the individual and compound effects of the typhoon intensity, local sea‐level rise, and riverine inflow on coastal‐fluvial floods. In a plausible disruptive scenario (e.g., a 0.50 m sea‐level rise combined with a 9% increase in typhoon intensity in a 2°C warming), the EWL will increase by 0.76 m on average. An additional 1.54 and 0.56 m increase in EWL will occur in the river network and near the river mouth, respectively, if coastal floods coincide with the upstream mean annual flood. Findings from our modeling framework provide important insights to guide adaptation planning in river deltas to withstand future compound floods under climate change.
Improving the Understanding of Atmospheric River Water Vapor Transport Using a Three‐Dimensional Straightened Composite Analysis
Authors: Xu Guangzhi , Wang Lin , Chang Ping , Ma Xiaohui , Wang Shuyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIrregular shapes of atmospheric rivers (ARs) hamper easy AR composite analyses and understandings of AR's moisture transport mechanisms. We develop a method to composite AR‐related variables from a reanalysis data set. By averaging a large number of samples, the three‐dimensional structure and some evolutionary features of a typical North Pacific AR are revealed. An AR is typically located along and in advance of the surface cold front of an extratropical cyclone. A mesoscale secondary circulation is observed in the cross sections of the AR corridor, where both geostrophic and ageostrophic winds make indispensable contributions to the moisture fluxes. Geostrophic moisture advection across the cold front within the Equatorward half of the AR is created by baroclinicity of the system and serves as the primary moisture source for the AR. Moisture fluxes from the warm sector of the cyclone are primarily due to boundary layer ageostrophic winds and are more important within the poleward half of the AR, particularly during the genesis stage. Faster AR movement compared with low‐level winds enables the AR to collect downwind moisture. In an AR‐relative view, this is represented as an easterly flow, consistent with the “feeder‐airstream” concept, and emphasizes the role of local moisture recycling. Moisture transport within the Equatorward half is mostly due to geostrophic advection of the propagating AR‐cyclone couple in an Earth‐relative view. Driven by intensifying geostrophic winds, ARs tend to reach peak moisture transport intensity about 2 days after genesis. Then, reduced moisture level and influxes from lateral boundaries prevent further intensification.
Warming‐to‐Cooling Reversal of Overflow‐Derived Water Masses in the Irminger Sea During 2002–2021
Authors: Desbruyères Damien G. , Bravo Eva Prieto , Thierry Virginie , Mercier Herlé , Lherminier Pascale , Cabanes Cécile , Biló Tiago C. , Fried Nora , Femke De Jong M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShipboard hydrography along the A25‐Ovide section (2002–2018) is combined with a high‐resolution mooring array (2014–2020) and a regional fleet of Deep‐Argo floats (2016–2021) to describe temperature changes of overflow‐derived water masses in the Irminger Sea. Removing dynamical influences enables to identify a new statistically significant trend reversal in Iceland Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) and Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) core temperatures in the mid‐2010s. A basin‐wide cooling trend of −16 ± 6 m°C yr−1 during 2016–2021—but reaching as strong as −44 ± 13 m°C yr−1 for DSOW in recent years—is found to interrupt a warming phase that was prevailing since the late 1990s. The absence of an apparent reversal in the Nordic Seas and the faster changes detected in DSOW compared to ISOW point out the entrainment of subpolar signals within the overflows near the Greenland‐Iceland‐Scotland sills as a most likely driver.
Energization of Cold Ions in Magnetic Reconnection: Particle‐in‐Cell Simulation
Authors: Song Liangjin , Zhou Meng , Yi Yongyuan , Deng Xiaohua , Zhong Zhihong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCold ions in the ionosphere can reach the nightside magnetotail along the magnetic field lines, which may substantially affect the magnetotail reconnection and reconnection‐driven phenomena. Although reconnection has been intensively studied in the past decades, the dynamics of cold ions in reconnection are poorly known. We performed a 2.5‐D full kinetic simulation to study the energization of cold ions in a symmetric anti‐parallel reconnection. We find that the cold ions can be considerably energized during reconnection. The average energy gain per cold ion is smaller than that per hot ion but larger than that per electron. The cold ions with the highest energy are firstly accelerated around the X‐line, and further accelerated around the reconnection front in the outflow region. They perform the meandering motion at the X‐line, while simultaneously accelerated by the reconnection out‐of‐plane electric field. The velocity distribution of cold ions around the X‐line is characterized by the counter‐streaming inflow component and the accelerated component in the +y quadrant. The cold ions are picked up at the reconnection front and trapped by the secondary island, resulting in a bump in the energy spectrum. The energy of the bump is close to the energy of the propagating speed of the reconnection front and the secondary island. Furthermore, a crescent‐shaped velocity distribution is observed at the reconnection front, caused by the finite Larmor radius effect of the high‐energy cold ions in the flux pileup region. Our result presents an important building block toward a fully understanding of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.