bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Mass Measurements Using Cryogenic Detectors
Authors: Gastaldo L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe determination of the absolute mass scale of neutrinos is one of the most important challenges in Particle Physics. The shape of the endpoint region of$$\beta ^-$$β--decay and electron capture (EC) spectra depends on the phase space factor, which, in turn, is function of the masses of the neutrino mass eigenstates. High energy resolution and high statistics measurements of$$\beta ^-$$β-and EC spectra are therefore considered a model-independent way for the determination of the neutrino mass scale. Since almost four decades, low temperature microcalorimeters are used for the measurement of low energy$$\beta ^-$$β-and EC spectra. The first efforts were focused on the development of large arrays for the measurement of the$$^{187}$$187Re$$\beta ^-$$β--spectrum. In the last ten years, the attention moved to EC of$$^{163}$$163Ho. This choice was mainly motivated by the very good performance which could be achieved with low temperature microcalorimeters enclosing$$^{163}$$163Ho with respect to microcalorimeters with absorber containing$$^{187}$$187Re. The development of low temperature microcalorimeters for the measurement of the finite neutrino mass is discussed and, in particular, the reasons for moving from$$^{187}$$187Re to$$^{163}$$163Ho. The possibility to reach sub-eV sensitivity on the effective electron neutrino mass with$$^{163}$$163Ho, thanks to the multiplexing of large microcalorimeter arrays is demonstrated. In conclusion, an overview on other nuclides which have been proposed as good candidates, motivated by the excellent performance of low temperature microcalorimeters is presented.
Bioactive Properties of Bread Formulated with Plant-based Functional Ingredients Before Consumption and Possible Links with Health Outcomes After Consumption- A Review
Authors: Amoah Isaac , Cairncross Carolyn , Osei Emmanuel Ofori , Yeboah Jacqueline Afua , Cobbinah Jesse Charles , Rush Elaine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBread is a commonly consumed staple and could be a viable medium to deliver plant-based ingredients that demonstrate health effects. This review brings together published evidence on the bioactive properties of bread formulated with plant-based ingredients. Health effects associated with the consumption of bread formulated with plant-based functional ingredients was also reviewed. Bioactive properties demonstrated by the functional ingredients fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts and tea incorporated into bread include increased phenolic and polyphenolic content, increased antioxidant activity, and extension of bread shelf-life by impairment of lipid and protein oxidation. Acute health effects reported included appetite suppression, reduced diastolic blood pressure, improvements in glycaemia, insulinaemia and satiety effect. These metabolic effects are mainly short lived and not enough for a health claim. Longer term studies or comparison of those who consume and those who do not are needed. The incorporation of plant-based functional ingredients in bread could enhance the health-promoting effects of bread.
On the Electric Contact Resistance
Authors: Persson B. N. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen an electric current flow across an interface between two contacting solids a change in the electric potential occur over the interface. One part of the electric contact resistance is due to the constrictions at asperity contact regions. Barber has shown that the constriction resistance can be related to the interfacial contact stiffness. I discuss the relation between the classical (approximate) Holm theory for the constriction resistance and the (exact) theory involving the contact stiffness.
Graphical Abstract
Anticancer Drugs Gemcitabine, Letrozole, and Tamoxifen in Municipal Wastewater and Their Photodegradation in Laboratory-Scale UV Experiments
Authors: Alitalo Olga-Sofia , Rantalainen Anna-Lea , Pellinen Jukka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of three anticancer drugs (gemcitabine, letrozole, tamoxifen) was studied in wastewater samples from two local wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Finland. Studied pharmaceuticals were selected, as anticancer drugs are potential to cause adverse effects on organisms even at low concentrations, but they are seldom included in the analysis of emerging contaminants. The concentration of anticancer drugs was determined by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS). Tamoxifen and letrozole were detected from influent samples ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 ng/L, respectively. Letrozole was detected from effluent samples at a concentration up to 2.4 ng/L. Letrozole has been detected in wastewater effluent only once before, at a lower concentration of 0.28 ng/L. Gemcitabine was not detected in any of the samples. UV irradiation is used in many wastewater treatment plants to disinfect the effluent. Such tertiary treatment might degrade also these potentially harmful drugs and, therefore, photodegradation of the chosen pharmaceuticals was studied in laboratory-scale experiments. Tamoxifen showed high degradation rates, 94% in spiked wastewater with UV fluence 4830 mJ/cm2 and 98% in pure water with UV fluence 2520 mJ/cm2, respectively. Letrozole showed the lowest degradation rates of 24% in wastewater and 34% in pure water, respectively. The degradation rate at the fluence level typical for UV disinfection stage of wastewater treatment plants was 37% for tamoxifen but only 5% for letrozole. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report to show the effectiveness of UV irradiation to degrade letrozole.
The Cerebellar Gene Database: a Collective Database of Genes Critical for Cerebellar Development
Authors: Ramirez Miguel , Wu Joshua , Liu Matthew , Wu Derek , Weeden Dave , Goldowitz Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This report presents the first comprehensive database that specifically compiles genes critical for cerebellar development and function. The Cerebellar Gene Database details genes that, when perturbed in mouse models, result in a cerebellar phenotype according to available data from both Mouse Genome Informatics and PubMed, as well as references to the corresponding studies for further examination. This database also offers a compilation of human genetic disorders with a cerebellar phenotype and their associated gene information from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. By comparing and contrasting the mouse and human datasets, we observe that only a small proportion of human mutant genes with a cerebellar phenotype have been studied in mouse knockout models. Given the highly conserved nature between mouse and human genomes, this surprising finding highlights how mouse genetic models can be more frequently employed to elucidate human disease etiology. On the other hand, many mouse genes identified in the present study that are known to lead to a cerebellar phenotype when perturbed have not yet been found to be pathogenic in the cerebellum of humans. This database furthers our understanding of human cerebellar disorders with yet-to-be-identified genetic causes. It is our hope that this gene database will serve as an invaluable tool for gathering background information, generating hypotheses, and facilitating translational research endeavors. Moreover, we encourage continual inputs from the research community in making this compilation a living database, one that remains up-to-date with the advances in cerebellar research.
Spatial–temporal prediction model for land cover of the rural–urban continuum axis between Ar-Riyadh and Al-Kharj cities in KSA in the year of 2030 using the integration of CA–Markov model, GIS-MCA, and AHP
Authors: Abdelkarim Ashraf , Alogayell Haya M. , Alkadi Ibtesam I. , Youssef Ismail 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The spatiotemporal analysis of land use/land cover change and monitoring, modeling, and forecasting the future of land uses are considered challenges facing planners and decision-makers in developing countries. These challenges are increased in neighborhood areas surrounding large cities, which are known as the “rural–urban continuum”. These areas have become the preferred areas for resettlement for most urban residents. The objectives of the present study were to (1) monitor the land cover change in the rural–urban continuum axis between the Ar-Riyadh and Al-Kharj cities during the period 1988–2020, (2) simulate the future growth of land cover up to the year 2030 using the Cellular Automated Markov Model (CA-Markov), and (3) improve the ability of CA-Markov to predict the future by integrating multi-criteria analysis based on geographic information systems (GIS-MCA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The results of the study revealed large changes in the land cover in the rural–urban continuum axis between the Ar-Riyadh and Al-Kharj cities. About 60 km2 of agricultural land has been lost, with an average annual decrease of 2 km2. The industrial and urban areas were increased with growth rate of 4%. There were five categories of spatial suitability, ranging between 32 and 86%, and 70% or higher is the recommended percentage for future land uses. The industrial use was the most likely land use in 2030, as it recorded an increase of 27.1 km2 over the year 2020.
Occurrence of Second Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder following Excision of Primary Lesion: A Prospective Study of Cases from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Kudva Adarsh , Kumar Mathangi , John Evit Rajan , Dhara Vasantha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Early diagnosis and timely management of potentially malignant oral disorders may prevent malignant transformation and prompt diagnosis of frank malignancies favours better prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical management of oral potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and observe the prevalence of recurrence at the primary site and occurrence of another potentially malignant lesion in these patients.

Methods
The study participants included patients who had undergone clinical oral examination, surgical excision of biopsy-proven cases of dysplastic oral potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, non-healing ulcerative and erosive areas, etc.) who were on routine follow-up as per the standard guidelines. These patients were followed up closely during each monthly follow-up visit for the first year. The patients were then prospectively analysed for any recurrence of lesion. On follow-up visits, detailed clinical oral examination was done to note the prevalence of a new lesion in any oral cavity sub site other than the previous site. If a new lesion was detected, then biopsy followed by surgical excision was followed as per standard guidelines. The follow-up period after the second surgical intervention was 12 months.

Results
Fifty patients with potentially malignant oral disorders underwent surgical excision. The majority of the study subjects were males (39/50) and 41 of them were below 65 years of age. Of 50 patients, 13 (26%) had second oral potentially malignant lesion other than the primary site. The rate of recurrence of the lesions at the primary site was 4% (2/50). Of these patients with recurrence, all had malignant transformation (2/2). Also, patients who were initially diagnosed with moderate dysplasia had a higher chance of recurrence. A second lesion at a site different from the primary lesion was seen in 26% of the cases.

Conclusion
Surgical management of such lesions with one-centimetre oncological margins in all dimensions contrary to the routine five millimetre surgical margins reduces the chance of recurrence.
Schulbezogene Programme zum Umgang mit Hatespeech – Eine kriteriengeleitete Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Seemann-Herz Lisanne , Kansok-Dusche Julia , Dix Alexandra , Wachs Sebastian , Krause Norman , Ballaschk Cindy , Schulze-Reichelt Friederike , Bilz Ludwig 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag informiert über 14 deutschsprachige Programme zur Prävention und Intervention bei Hatespeech unter Kindern und Jugendlichen (Jahrgangsstufen 5–12). Inhalte und Durchführungsmodalitäten der Programme sowie Ergebnisse einer kriteriengeleiteten Qualitätseinschätzung anhand von fünf Kriterien werden im Hinblick auf deren Anwendung in der schulischen Praxis beschrieben und erörtert. Der Überblick über Schwerpunkte, Stärken und Entwicklungspotentiale schulbezogener Hatespeech-Programme ermöglicht Leser*innen eine informierte Entscheidung über den Einsatz der Programme in der Schule sowie in der offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit.
Ultrafast Laser Texturing of Stainless Steel in Water and Air Environment
Authors: Piccolo Leonardo , Wang Zibo , Lucchetta Giovanni , Shen Mengyan , Masato Davide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltrafast laser texturing allows the generation of micro- and nanostructures on steel substrates. Laser-ablated textures show a wide range of structure geometries, from the micro to the nanoscale, which can enable plastic product functionalization. Polymer processing technologies are used to replicate mold textures on a large manufacturing scale. To enable new product functionalities, developing novel texture geometries is critical. The laser-ablated texture dimensions are primarily linked to the laser light properties, such as the laser wavelength, thus limiting the achievable structure shapes. This work uses ultrafast laser to manufacture textures in air and water environments. The effect of the different mediums on structures formation is characterized. The irradiation is performed over a wide range of fluence values. The texture geometry and characteristics are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. For decreasing fluence values, the structures transitioned from micro bumps, to LIPSS, to nanostructures, regardless of the irradiation environment. Conversely, structure morphology is affected by the irradiation environment. The LIPSS pitch is lower for the underwater environment due to the change in the laser angle of incidence, which changes with the refraction index ratio of the air and water. A novel nano-lamellae texture was generated when irradiating the steel surface underwater at relatively low fluence. The dynamics of different LIPSS generations are discussed, considering the irradiation medium’s optical, thermal, and physical properties.
Combined experimental and simulative approach for friction loss optimization of DLC coated piston rings
Authors: Götze Andreas , Jaitner Dirk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPiston rings cause significant friction losses within internal combustion engines. Especially the first compression ring, which is pressed onto the liner by high cylinder pressure, contributes significantly to the total friction loss of the piston assembly. The tribological behavior of the oil scraper ring is mainly related to the pretensioning force and can lead to high losses even at low and idle speed. Due to this, there is always a markable risk of wear for the contact surfaces of the piston rings and the cylinder. “Diamond-like carbon” coatings on the surface of the piston rings can prevent wear and are able to reduce friction in the ring-liner-contact. The purpose of this work was to investigate the tribological benefit of this coating-system on the compression and oil scraper ring. Experimental studies were carried out on a fired single-cylinder engine using the Indicated Instantaneous Mean Effective Pressure-method (IIMEP) for the crank angle-resolved detection of the piston assembly’s friction force. To be able to determine the component-related fractions of the friction loss and to quantify the hydrodynamic and asperity related parts locally and time dependent, an EHD/MBS model of the engine was created in AVL EXCITE and a simulative investigation was performed. This simulation was validated by the experimental work and provided detailed information about the individual contact conditions and gap height of each tribological contact of the piston group. The combined approach of measurement and simulation enabled the prediction of tribological aspects and performance in parameter studies on a virtual engine test bed.
Influence of ZnO Particle Size and Soil Characteristics on the Estimation of Long-Term Zn Bioavailability by Chemical Extraction Methods and Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films (DGT)
Authors: Almendros Patricia , González Demetrio , Ibañez Miguel A. , Smolders Erik , Fernández María Dolores , García-Gomez Concepción , Obrador Ana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore whether the long-term bioavailability of Zn in different soils can be predicted using operational extraction procedures. Green peas and beetroot were grown in two soils with contrasting physicochemical characteristics. Two Zn sources of different sizes (ZnO-nano or ZnO-bulk) were applied 1 year earlier, at different Zn application rates. The amounts of available Zn were assessed using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique and different chemical extraction procedures: water-soluble (WS), CaCl2, rhizosphere-based low-molecular-weight organic acid (LMWOAs), DTPA-TEA, and NH4Ac. The different correlation and regression studies showed that the estimation of availability is dependent on the soil categorical variable, especially in the beetroot crop. Zn-DGT could be used to estimate the Zn concentration of the aerial part of the green pea using a general model for both soil and ZnO sizes. The estimation of long-term Zn bioavailability was successful using either medium-strength extractive solutions or the DGT technique. The extraction methods involving complexing agents or buffered salt solution overestimated the amount of bioavailable Zn in calcareous soil. Further studies will be necessary to know the amounts of Zn associated with the different soil fractions.
Graphical abstract
The rhythm of the night: patterns of activity of the European wildcat in the Italian peninsula
Authors: Lazzeri Lorenzo , Fazzi Paola , Lucchesi Marco , Mori Emiliano , Velli Edoardo , Cappai Nadia , Ciuti Francesca , Ferretti Francesco , Fonda Federica , Paniccia Chiara , Pavanello Marco , Pecorella Stefano , Sangiuliano Alberto , Sforzi Andrea , Siclari Antonino , Spada Arianna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe European wildcat is a threatened carnivore, whose ecology is still scarcely studied, especially in Mediterranean areas. In this study, we estimated activity rhythm patterns of this felid, by means of camera-trapping at three spatial scales: (i) whole country (Italy); (ii) biogeographical areas; (iii) latitudinal zones. The activity rhythms patterns were also calculated according to temporal scales: (1) warm semester; (2) cold semester and (3) seasonal scales. Lastly, we also tested whether the effect of moon phases affected the wildcat activity. We conducted the analysis on a total of 975 independent events collected in 2009–2021, from 285 locations, in ~ 65,800 camera days. We showed that the wildcat in Italy exhibits a > 70% nocturnal behaviour, with 20% of diurnal activity, at all spatial scales, and throughout the whole year, with peaks at 10.00 p.m. and 04.00 a.m. We observed a high overlap of wildcat activity rhythms between different biogeographical and latitudinal zones. The wildcat was mainly active on the darkest nights, reducing its activity in bright moonlight nights. Diurnal activity was greater in the warm months and decreased with the distance from shrubs and woodlands, most likely according to activity rhythms of its main prey, water presence in summer, the care of offspring and the availability of shelter sites. Conversely, the distance to paved roads seems to have no significant effects on diurnal activity, suggesting that, in presence of natural shelters, the wildcat probably may tolerate these infrastructures. We suggested limited plasticity in activity rhythm patterns of the wildcat, emphasizing the importance of dark hours for this species.
Atlas VPM: two decades informing on unwarranted variations in health care in Spain
Authors: Angulo-Pueyo Ester , Comendeiro-Maaløe Micaela , Estupiñán-Romero Francisco , Martínez-Lizaga Natalia , Ridao-López Manuel , González-Galindo Javier , Launa-Garcés Ramón , Seral-Rodríguez Miriam , Bernal-Delgado Enrique ,   on behalf of Atlas VPM group, Goicoechea Salazar J. A. , Cantó Casasola V. D. , Falcón Alloza I. , Muñoyerro Muñiz M. D. , Margolles Martins M. J. , Sánchez Janáriz H. , Trujillo Alemán S. , Tristancho Ajamil R. , Suarez Rodríguez G. , Estupiñán Ramirez M. , Romero Ruiz G. , Navarro Córdoba M. M. , Muñoz Ortiz L. , Espallargues M. , Oliva G. , Monsalve Torrón R. , Pacheco Martínez M. C. , Pastrana Ara F. , Pérez Boillos M. J. , García Colmenero C. , Verde López C. , Vázquez Mourelle R. , Sanguino R. , Castelao M. C. , Vacas P. , Castaño Riera E. J. , Muñoz Alonso Y. , Zaforteza Dezcallar M. , Carandell Jäger E. , Pujol Buades A. , Medina iBombardó D. , Sáenz Ortiz P. , Cestafé A. , Riera Sanz F. , Oliva Pérez J. C. , Celada R. , Sánchez Prieto F. L. , Palomar Rodríguez J. , García R. , Gorricho J. , Iragui M. , Ibáñez-Beroiz B. , Librero-López J. , Millán Ortuondo E. , Garmendia Navarro I. , Goretty Escobar T. , Jiménez C. , Calabuig J. , Sotoca R. , Peiró Moreno S. , Hurtado I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the early 2000’s, the Atlas of Variations in Medical Practice in the Spanish National Health System (namely, Atlas VPM) has been analysing and informing unwarranted variations in health care provision and outcomes in the Spanish Health System.Atlas VPM covers a two-fold perspective: a geographic one, where unwarranted variations would reflect the uneven exposure of the population to health care as a consequence of the place of residence; and, a provider-specific approach, where unwarranted variations would reflect differences in utilisation and outcomes that are at provider-level.Building on routine data (hospital and primary care electronic records, administrative data, geographic information, etc.) Atlas VPM has adapted the classical small area methods and has included a large panoply of techniques, such as Bayesian methods, hierarchical modelling or time-series forecasting.Led by the Data Science for Health Services and Policy Research group at the Institute for Health Sciences in Aragon, Atlas VPM implies a linkage and exchange process with the 17 Departments of Health of the Spanish regions where the research agenda is shared and research outcomes are translated into profiling and benchmarking interactive tools meant to facilitate clinical and policy decision-making.