bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microenvironment Created by SnSe2 Vapor and Pre‐Selenization to Stabilize the Surface and Back Contact in Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Jiajia , Mao Yang , Ao Jianping , Han Yanchen , Cao Chun , Liu Fangfang , Bi Jinlian , Wang Shenghao , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ambient air‐processed preparation of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film is highly promising for the fabrication of low‐cost and eco‐friendly solar cells. However, the Sn volatilization loss and formation of a thick Mo(S,Se)2 interfacial layer during the traditional selenization process pose challenges for fabricating high‐efficiency CZTSSe solar cells. Here, CZTS precursors prepared by a sol‐gel process in ambient air are selenized and assisted with SnSe2 vapor via one‐ and two‐step selenization to prepare a CZTSSe absorber on a Mo film and, subsequently, solar cells. For one‐step selenization, the thickness of the fine grain and Mo(S,Se)2 layers near the back contact can be significantly reduced with increasing SnSe2 vapor partial pressure in the mixed selenization atmosphere, while the device efficiency is only 7.97% due to the severe interface recombination. For two‐step selenization, the desired morphology and stoichiometry of the absorber can be achieved through the assistance of Sn‐poor precursors selenized with high SnSe2 vapor partial pressure to regulate the Sn content in CZTSSe, yielding the highest efficiency of 10.85%. This study improves the understanding of the key role of the microenvironment during film growth towards the production of high‐efficiency thin film solar cells and other photoelectronic devices.
Vitality‐Enhanced Dual‐Modal Tracking System Reveals the Dynamic Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Stroke Therapy
Authors: Xu Jianpei , Zhang Yuwen , Liu Yipu , You Yang , Li Fengan , Chen Yu , Xie Laozhi , Tong Shiqiang , Zhou Songlei , Liang Kaifan , Huang Yukun , Jiang Gan , Song Qingxiang , Mei Ni , Ma Fenfen , Gao Xiaoling , Wang He , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy via intravenous transplantation exhibits great potential for brain tissue regeneration, but still faces thorny clinical translation challenges as the unknown dynamic fate leads to the contentious therapeutic mechanism and the poor MSC viability in harsh lesions limits therapeutic efficiency. Here, a vitality‐enhanced dual‐modal tracking system is designed to improve engraftment efficiency and is utilized to noninvasively explore the fate of intravenous transplanted human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs during long‐term treatment of ischemic stroke. Such a system is obtained by bioorthogonally conjugating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging nanoparticles to metabolic glycoengineered MSCs with a lipoic acid‐containing extracellular antioxidative protective layer. The dynamic fates of MSCs in multi‐dimensional space‐time evolution are digitally detailed for up to 28 days using MRI and NIRF imaging equipment, and the protective layer greatly shields MSCs from reactive oxygen spices (ROS) degradation, enhances MSC survival, and engraftment efficiency. Additionally, it is observed that the bioengineered MSCs exhibit dynamic intelligent responses corresponding to microenvironment remodeling and exert enhanced therapeutic effects. This dual‐modal tracking system enables long‐term tracking of MSCs while improving their viability at the lesion sites, which may serve as a valuable tool for expediting the clinical translation of MSC therapy.
Atom Absorption Energy Directed Symmetry‐Breaking Synthesis of Au–Ag Hierarchical Nanostructures and Their Efficient Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Zeng Pan , Hang Lifeng , Zhang Guofeng , Wang Yifan , Chen Zhiming , Yu Jie , Zhang Tao , Cai Weiping , Li Yue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAsymmetric plasmonic hierarchical nanostructures (HNs) are of great significance in optics, catalysis, and sensors, but the complex growth kinetics and lack of fine structure design limit their practical applications. Herein, a new atom absorption energy strategy is developed to achieve a series of Au–Ag HNs with the continuously tuned contact area in Janus and Ag island number/size on Au seeds. Different from the traditional passive growth mode, this strategy endows seed with a hand to capture the hetero atoms in a proactive manner, which is beyond the size, shape, and assembles of Au seed. Density functional theory reveals ththe adsorption of PDDA on Au surface leads to lower formation energy of Au–Ag bonds (−3.96 eV) than FSDNA modified Au surface (−2.44 eV). The competitive adsorption of two ligands on Au seed is the decisive factor for the formation of diverse Au–Ag HNs. In particular, the Au–Ag2 HNs exhibit outstanding photothermal conversion capability in the near‐infrared window, and in vivo experiments verify them as superior photothermal therapy agents. This work highlights the importance of the atom absorption energy strategy in unlocking the diversity of HNs and may push the synthesis and application of superstructures to a higher level.
Analyte Detection: A Decade of Progress in the Development of Optical/Fluorescent Sensing Probes
Authors: Kaur Paramjit , Singh Kamaljit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of selective and sensitive chemical sensors capable of detecting metal ions, anions, neutral species, explosives and hazardous substances, selectively and sensitively has attracted considerable interest of various research groups. The presence of such analytes within the permissible limits is often beneficial, but the excess amounts may lead to lethal effects to both the environment as well as the living organisms. Owing to the toxicity of the heavy metal ions, toxic anions and nitro‐aromatics which are main constituents of explosives, the timely detection of these materials is most desirable to ensure safety and security of the mankind. In this personal account, we present several classes of molecular sensors that were specifically designed in our lab during the past decade for detecting several species in solutions, solid state as well as biological media. Modulation of the optical properties in response to the presence of guest species, led to selective and sensitive detection protocols, and was supported by the theoretical studies wherever possible. We have also extended the application of some of these probes for theon‐sitedetection of analytes by developing the paper strips, glass slides and even the wool and cotton fabrics loaded with probes. One such development represents detection of palladium in human urine and blood samples collected from clinical samples. Additionally, the sensing events in some cases have successfully been reproduced in the live cancer cells. Based on the ease and cost‐effective synthesis of the molecular probes, we hope that this account shall provide significant information to researchers in understanding the structure dependent sensing capabilities of the molecular probes.
Japan’s ODA to Developing Countries in the Health Sector: Overall Trend and Future Prospects
Authors: Pires de Campos Rodrigo , Kawai Saori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter identifies the overall trends in Japan’s official development assistance (ODA) policies for the health sector in developing countries from 1990 to 2020 and its future post-COVID-19 prospects. Since the end of the Cold War, watershed events have repeatedly changed the landscape of international cooperation in the health sector. Like other international aid donors, Japan has devised priorities and strategies for ODA based on a set of international and domestic factors in a constantly changing world. Numerous studies on Japan’s ODA have examined international and domestic factors that impact the formulation of the country’s aid policy. This chapter aims to add to those studies by combining recent debates on international cooperation and foreign aid, the right to health, and world health system reforms to explore and analyze Japan’s ODA for health in developing countries. The guiding research questions were as follows: What were the major trends in Japan’s ODA policies in the health sector from 1990 to 2020? Which international health debates and international cooperation factors exerted influence on those trends? What are the prospects of Japan’s ODA given the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts? The research relied on primary sources, specifically Japan’s ODA official documents and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) ODA quantitative databases, as well as secondary sources, such as academic literature on international cooperation and foreign aid for health. Our preliminary findings revealed that Japan’s ODA in the health sector from 1990 to 2020 centered on two main axes: infectious diseases and maternal and child health, both of which are oriented toward strengthening the healthcare system. Given this goal, it seems relevant to consider that Japan’s health system is based on the assumption of the need to provide universal health coverage, a concept currently supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), in contrast to the universal health system, and that the implications of this choice on Japan’s ODA and developing countries’ health policies are yet to be fully understood. The COVID-19 pandemic has put substantial pressure on health systems globally and international cooperation for health; thus, it has the potential to affect and even change Japan’s ODA for the health sector in developing countries.
Brazilian Workers in Japan and Public Policies for Promoting Their Social Integration with a Focus on Basic Education for Children
Authors: Yamazaki Keiichi , Bugarin Mauricio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this research is to find an efficient way to improve the educational environment for the children of Brazilian residents in Japan. The secondary objective is to identify a better way to improve the social and economic positions of these residents through further integration into Japanese society. We believe that the potential for them to become a vital bridge between the two countries in the near future is significant, but that potential is not yet being tapped sufficiently. Therefore, the goal of this analysis is more than simply improving working and living conditions, but of promoting career development in Japanese society. To that end, educational background is highly important, especially education and acquisition of the Japanese language beginning in primary school is of utmost importance. For this reason, our paper focuses on the basic education (especially Japanese language education) of Brazilian children in Japan. We conclude that the style of “afterschool” is most efficient as well as socially equitable. We propose a public policy to be adopted by the Japanese government to induce Brazilian families to adopt the hybrid afterschool education system.
Conclusion: Structuring Brazil–Japan Cooperation from Complementarity to Shared Value
Authors: Hamaguchi Nobuaki , Ramos Danielly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes findings and arguments of previous chapters. We conclude that Brazil–Japan cooperation has a strategic relevance in general, global, and bilateral context. The cooperation will be motivated by economic complementarity, human bonds, and mutual interests in exploiting shared value.
Entanglement entropy and modular Hamiltonian of free fermion with deformations on a torus
Authors: He Song , Liu Zhang-Cheng , Sun Yuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this work, we perturbatively calculate the modular Hamiltonian to obtain the entanglement entropy in a free fermion theory on a torus with three typical deformations, e.g., $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation, local bilinear operator deformation, and mass deformation. For $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation, we find that the leading order correction of entanglement entropy is proportional to the expectation value of the undeformed modular Hamiltonian. As a check, in the high/low-temperature limit, the entanglement entropy coincides with that obtained by the replica trick in the literature. Following the same perturbative strategy, we obtain the entanglement entropy of the free fermion vacuum state up to second-order by inserting a local bilinear operator deformation in a moving mirror setting. In the uniformly accelerated mirror, the first-order and second-order correction of entanglement entropy vanishes in the late time limit. For mass deformation, we derive the entanglement entropy up to first-order deformation and comment on the second-order correction.
p73 is required for vessel integrity controlling endothelial junctional dynamics through Angiomotin
Authors: Maeso-Alonso Laura , Alonso-Olivares Hugo , Martínez-García Nicole , López-Ferreras Lorena , Villoch-Fernández Javier , Puente-Santamaría Laura , Colas-Algora Natalia , Fernández-Corona Alfonso , Lorenzo-Marcos María Elena , Jiménez Benilde , Holmgren Lars , Wilhelm Margareta , Millan Jaime , del Peso Luis , Claesson-Welsh Lena , Marques Margarita M. , Marin Maria C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPreservation of blood vessel integrity, which is critical for normal physiology and organ function, is controlled at multiple levels, including endothelial junctions. However, the mechanism that controls the adequate assembly of endothelial cell junctions is not fully defined. Here, we uncover TAp73 transcription factor as a vascular architect that orchestrates transcriptional programs involved in cell junction establishment and developmental blood vessel morphogenesis and identify Angiomotin (AMOT) as a TAp73 direct transcriptional target. Knockdown of p73 in endothelial cells not only results in decreased Angiomotin expression and localization at intercellular junctions, but also affects its downstream function regarding Yes-associated protein (YAP) cytoplasmic sequestration upon cell–cell contact. Analysis of adherens junctional morphology after p73-knockdown in human endothelial cells revealed striking alterations, particularly a sharp increase in serrated junctions and actin bundles appearing as stress fibers, both features associated with enhanced barrier permeability. In turn, stabilization of Angiomotin levels rescued those junctional defects, confirming that TAp73 controls endothelial junction dynamics, at least in part, through the regulation of Angiomotin. The observed defects in monolayer integrity were linked to hyperpermeability and reduced transendothelial electric resistance. Moreover, p73-knockout retinas showed a defective sprout morphology coupled with hemorrhages, highlighting the physiological relevance of p73 regulation in the maintenance of vessel integrity in vivo. We propose a new model in which TAp73 acts as a vascular architect integrating transcriptional programs that will impinge with Angiomotin/YAP signaling to maintain junctional dynamics and integrity, while balancing endothelial cell rearrangements in angiogenic vessels.
Global warming and urbanization
Authors: Helbling Marc , Meierrieks Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnalyzing 118 countries between 1960 and 2016, we find that higher temperatures correlate with higher urbanization rates in the long run, where this relationship is much more pronounced than any short-term linkage. The long-run relationship between global warming and urbanization is also conditional upon country-specific conditions. This long-run association is especially relevant in poorer and more agriculture-dependent countries with an urban bias as well as in initially non-urban countries in hotter climate zones. We also provide suggestive evidence that warming contributes to losses in agricultural productivity and to pro-urban shifts in public goods provision and that the global warming-urbanization nexus is partly mediated through these channels. Consequently, we argue that the estimated long-run relationship between temperature and urbanization partly captures the potential impact of increasing temperatures on urbanization via a rural push (by impairing agriculture) and an urban pull (via an increased demand for public goods primarily supplied in cities).
The influence of age and health status for outcomes after mid-urethral sling surgery—a nationwide register study
Authors: Gyhagen Julia , Åkervall Sigvard , Larsudd-Kåverud Jennie , Molin Mattias , Milsom Ian , Wagg Adrian , Gyhagen Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The efficacy of mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery in older women and women with a significant disease burden is limited. We aimed to determine the influence of chronological age and physical status (assessed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, ASA) classification on outcomes.

Methods
Cure rate, change in frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms, satisfaction, impact, and adverse events after MUS surgery were assessed in 5200 women aged 55–94 years with MUS surgery (2010–2017). Data were analysed by multivariate logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistics.

Results
The cure rate was 64.2% (95% CI, 60.0–68.4) in the ≥ 75-year cohort compared to 88.5% (95% CI, 87.1–89.8) in the 55–64-year cohort (trend p < 0.0001). The estimated probability of cure, improvement, and satisfaction with the procedure decreased by aOR10yr = 0.51 for cure to aOR10yr = 0.59 for satisfaction (all p < 0.0001). Women with a significant health burden (ASA class 3–4) had lower cure rates and satisfaction than those without (65.5% vs. 83.7%, p < 0.0001 and 65.7% vs. 80.6%, p < 0.0001). Older age was more likely to be associated with de novo urgency (p = 0.0022) and nocturia ≥ 2 (p < 0.0001). Adverse events, readmission, and 30-day mortality rates were low. Women, irrespective of age, were equally satisfied if they experienced a decrease of at least one step in leakage frequency.

Conclusions
Even if MUS surgery in older women and those with ASA class 3–4 was associated with a lower cure rate and less satisfactory outcome, a majority were satisfied provided they experienced a reduction of incontinence episodes.
Domain Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation Cascade Proteins
Authors: Coban Abdulbaki , Bornberg-Bauer Erich , Kemena Carsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVertebrate blood coagulation is controlled by a cascade containing more than 20 proteins. The cascade proteins are found in the blood in their zymogen forms and when the cascade is triggered by tissue damage, zymogens are activated and in turn activate their downstream proteins by serine protease activity. In this study, we examined proteomes of 21 chordates, of which 18 are vertebrates, to reveal the modular evolution of the blood coagulation cascade. Additionally, two Arthropoda species were used to compare domain arrangements of the proteins belonging to the hemolymph clotting and the blood coagulation cascades. Within the vertebrate coagulation protein set, almost half of the studied proteins are shared with jawless vertebrates. Domain similarity analyses revealed that there are multiple possible evolutionary trajectories for each coagulation protein. During the evolution of higher vertebrate clades, gene and genome duplications led to the formation of other coagulation cascade proteins.
Live attenuated VZV vaccination induces antitumor immunity in ATLL patients
Authors: Jo Tatsuro , Kubota-Koketsu Ritsuko , Kaneko Yohei , Sakai Takahiro , Noguchi Kazuhiro , Irie Sadaharu , Matsuo Masatoshi , Taguchi Jun , Abe Kuniko , Shigematsu Kazuto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a CD4-positive peripheral T cell lymphoma caused by human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Although ATLL is quite difficult to be cured, up-regulation of cellular immunity such as HTLV-1 Tax-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has been proved to be important to obtain long-term survival. At present, no efficacious method to activate ATLL-specific cellular immunity is available. This study aimed to investigate whether live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccination to ATLL can activate HTLV-1 Tax-specific cellular immune response. A total of 3 indolent- and 3 aggressive-type ATLL patients were enrolled. All aggressive-type patients had the VZV vaccination after completing anti-ATLL treatment including mogamulizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody for C–C chemokine receptor 4 antigen, plus combination chemotherapy, whereas all indolent-type patients had the VZV vaccination without any antitumor treatment. Cellular immune responses including Tax-specific CTLs were analyzed at several time points of pre- and post-VZV vaccination. After the VZV vaccination, a moderate increase in 1 of 3 indolent-type patients and obvious increase in all 3 aggressive-type patients in Tax-specific CTLs percentage were observed. The increase in the cell-mediated immunity against VZV was observed in all indolent- and aggressive-type patients after VZV vaccination. To conclude, VZV vaccination to aggressive-type ATLL patients after mogamulizumab plus chemotherapy led to the up-regulation of HTLV-1 Tax-specific CTLs without any adverse event. Suppression of regulatory T lymphocytes by mogamulizumab may have contributed to increase tumor immunity in aggressive-type ATLL patients. Japan Registry of Clinical Trials number, jRCTs051180107.
Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone, Age, and Tumor Size are Risk Factors for Progression During Active Surveillance of Low‐Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Adults
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira , Fujishima Makoto , Noda Takuya , Sano Tsutomu , Sasaki Takahiro , Kishi Taketoshi , Nakamura Tomohiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundActive surveillance (AS) of low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) was initiated at Kuma Hospital in 1993 and is gradually spreading worldwide. We assessed the effect of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels on PTMC enlargement in patients on AS.MethodsWe enrolled 2705 patients with cytologically diagnosed PTMC who had undergone AS between January 2005 and July 2019. Patients with Graves disease were excluded. The median AS period was 5.5 years (range 1.0–15.7 years). Tumor enlargement was defined as a size increase ≥3 mm. Chi‐square test, Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test, Cox proportional hazard, and logistic regression were used to compare variables.ResultsNinety‐two patients (3.4%) experienced tumor enlargement; the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year enlargement rates were 3.0%, 5.5%, and 6.2%, respectively. Young age (<40 years, p < 0.001), large tumor size (≥9 mm, p = 0.017), and high detailed TSH score (≥3, higher than the lower normal limit, p = 0.011) were significant factors relating to tumor enlargement in the multivariate analysis. In a subset of patients aged <40 years, a low detailed TSH score (<3) was an independent factor against tumor enlargement (p = 0.039). Only 22 patients (0.8%) experienced novel lymph node metastasis; the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year node metastasis rates were very low, at 0.9%, 1.1%, and 1.1%, respectively.ConclusionsYoung patients with PTMC are more likely to experience tumor growth. Mild TSH suppression to achieve a low normal range may prevent carcinoma enlargement; however, prospective studies are needed to draw more reliable conclusions.