bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preference Differences of Egg Laying European Corn Borer Adults among Maize Genotypes1
Authors: Andrew R. H. , Carlson J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six homozygous lines each of sweet- and pop-corn (Zea mays L) were covered with cages when in the whorl stage of development and exposed to egg-laying European com borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn) adults. Differences among lines in regard to egg masses per plant were highly significant, with sweet, nonpubescent, and early lines showing fewer egg masses per plant.
Inheritance of Seven Characters in Raphanus sativus L.1
Authors: Humaydan H. S. , Williams P. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of 7 characters in Raphanus sativus L. was studied. Resistant reaction to Albugo Candida race 1, Ac1, pink pigmentation in plants, Pi, and purple colored pods in R. sativus var. caudatus. Pu, are controlled by single dominant genes, Ac1 and Pi are linked and 3.28 map units apart. Male sterility, ms1, yellow-green leaves, yg, and cream pollen, cp, are all controlled by separate, single recessive genes. Digenic recessives, gf1gf2, control green flecking on leaves. No linkage could be detected between Ac1 and ms1 or between ms1 and yg.
Quality Deterioration of Southernpeas in Commercial Operations1
Authors: Smittle D. A. , Kays S. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mechanically harvested southernpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp cv. Purple Hull Pink Eye lost substantial green color within 2 – 3 hours after harvest. Color loss was greater at higher temperature. Color changes were more closely related to O2, CO2, acetaldehyde and ethanol concentration in the load atmosphere than to endogenous ethylene concentrations. Solids and total sugar content decreased after harvest and were not affected by product temperature within the range studied. Flavor and off-flavor acceptability ratings were closely related to time from harvest, product temperature and load atmosphere O2 and CO2 concentrations, but were not closely associated with ethylene, acetaldehyde or ethanol concentrations.
Ethephon Aids Harvest of Red Kidney Beans1
Authors: Pisarczyk James M. , Splittstoesser Walter E. , Vandemark Joseph S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was applied to Red Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. California Light Red) at rates of 0.14 to 0.56 kg/ha to determine its effectiveness in defoliating the plants and conditioning them for harvest, without a reduction in yield. Ethephon (0.14 kg/ha) reduced yield of beans 25% when applied 18 days before the normal harvest date, but when applied 7 days before the normal harvest date no yield reduction occurred even at high rates; and low rates produced 90% defoliation. When temperatures were 10°C or below, poor defoliation occurred even at high rates of ethephon. Surfactants with ethephon did not affect defoliation or yield.
Growth of Chrysanthemums Fertilized with Liquid Sewage Sludge1
Authors: Kirkham M. B. , Emino E. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum plants (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Bright Golden Anne) were grown for 84 days in plastic pots containing 6 different media treated with inorganic fertilizers or liquid digested sewage sludge at 50, 100, and 200 ml/week. Plants grown in 1 soil: 1 sand: 1 peat, 1 soil: 1 sand, and 1 soil: 1 peat were similar to each other in size, and larger than plants grown in 1 sand:1 peat, all sand, or all peat. Peat-grown plants were smallest. Plant size and flower diameter decreased with increasing rates of sludge application. Plants fertilized with inorganic sources of fertilizer looked the same as those grown with 50 ml/week sludge (6 mm), except the sludge-treated plants were shorter and had a smaller dry weight. Plants treated with 50 ml/week sludge had flowers with a diameter and dry weight equal to those of flowers grown with liquid or pelletized inorganic fertilizer.
Economic Feasibility of Once-over Bud Harvest of Standard Chrysanthemums1
Authors: Robertson J. L. , Staby G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traditional methods of harvesting were compared to a once-over bud harvest of standard chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. May Shoesmith). Despite greater direct labor and material requirements, once-over bud harvesting resulted in net returns that were 11 to 17% greater than that for traditional flower harvesting. The economic feasibility of bud harvesting was more dependent on potential productivity increases rather than the additional labor and opening area requirements necessary for bud harvesting.
Preliminary Survey of Cold Hardiness Levels of Several Bulbous Ornamental Plant Species1
Authors: Lundquist Victoria , Pellett Harold 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cold hardiness levels determined for 23 species of plants with bulbs or other specialized underground structures showed great differences in hardiness; Ixia sp., Ranunculus sp., and Sparaxis tricolor were killed at −2°C, while Ixiolirion montanum was first injured at −18°C. In most species of bulbs, the basal plant and roots were the least hardy tissues. Results of this study do not agree with hardiness zone ratings found in the literature for many of the plants tested.
Development of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Hetzi’ as Influenced by Time and Concentration of EHPP1
Authors: Lewis A. J. , Haun J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethyl hydrogen 1-propylphosphonate (EHPP) foliar sprays increased branching and reduced height of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Hetzi’ but not plant dry weight Phytotoxicity was extensive above 8,000 ppm EHPP, but acceptable at lower concentrations. Plant quality as determined by branching and phytotoxicity was optimal at 6,000 ppm EHPP. Time of application had no effect on height or dry weight, but when applied near the time of a terminal growth flush, EHPP increased branching. Phyto toxicity was severe if EHPP application was delayed several weeks after the growth flush had begun.
Disturbance—Not Protection—May Benefit Culture of California-poppy (Eschscholzia californica var. peninsularis Greene)1
Authors: Ratliff Raymond D. , Westfall Stanley E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Amount of bare ground decreased in a stubble field near Madera, California between 1971 and 1973, but density of California-poppy was unchanged. Continuation of a harsh microclimate through a lack of mulch build up is offered as an explanation. More poppy plants flowered in 1971 and 1973 than in 1972. There were visible differences in size and appearance of poppy plants (related to weather and competition) over the 3-year period. Our results suggest that protecting California-poppy may be the wrong approach to saving the species.
Colorado Potato Beetle Populations and their Effect on Tomato Yield in Maryland1
Authors: Schalk James M. , Stoner Allan K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
First generation of larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) were primarily responsible for a 67% reduction in yield of tomato (Lycopersicon ‘esculentum Mill.) when their numbers increased from 5 to 10 per plant.
Effect of Large Applications of Gypsum and Fermentation Residues on the Growth of Tomato Plants1
Authors: De Roo H. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Raw mycelial sludge produced by the pharmaceutical industry, containing 34% gypsum on a dry weight basis injured and suppressed early growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rutgers) when incorporated into a loamy sand at the rate of 27 or 242 ton (wet weight)/ha. Equivalent amounts of gypsum, 3 or 27 ton/ha added to soil in a greenhouse experiment produced no ill-effects indicating that the gypsum per se, contained in these fermentation wastes, was not responsible for injury and suppressed growth of tomato.
Interaction of the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, and its Parasite, Encarsia formosa Gahan, on Tomato Cultivars1
Authors: Harbaugh Brent K. , Mattson Richard H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Distribution of the greenhouse whitefly and its wasp parasite, were measured on 12 cultivars of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., by counting populations of parasitized and nonparasitized whitefly nymphs per leaflet. Parasitism percentages· were similar on all cultivars despite large differences in whitefly populations. Second generation parasite populations correlated significantly with whitefly numbers (r=0.71**). “Pocketing” behavior significantly influenced whitefly distribution with minimal cultivar preference. However, distribution gradients showed that ‘Floradel’ was the center of 2 large pockets, indicating preference for it.
Use of Soybeans as Sprouts1
Authors: Adjei-Twum Daniel C. , Splittstoesser Walter E. , Vandemark Joseph S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During a 6 day sprouting period, carbohydrates and lipids decreased in soybean seeds (Glycine max L.). Stachyose and raffinose which are not digestible by humans, decreased about 80% in 3 days and disappeared in 6 days. Protein decreased slightly while amino acids increased rapidly. Taste acceptability of 3-day-old soybean sprouts and mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek var. radiata) sprouts were similar.
Co-cropping Sweet Corn and Soybeans1
Authors: Beste C. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three years of studies with sweet com (Zea mays L. cv. NK-199) and soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. York) planted together in the same row with several plant population combinations have shown that acceptable sweet corn yields can be produced in the summer followed by soybean yields of approximately 1400 kg/ha in the fall after the sweet com harvest. This co-cropping system provides two harvestable crops in one season from a single planting operation.
The Inheritance of the Reclining Foliage Character in Beans and its Potential Value when Combined with Long Racemes1
Authors: Bassett M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Segregation in F2 populations of Phaseolus vulgaris L. indicates that the reclining foliage character (RF) is controlled by a single recessive gene, rf. The expression of rf appears to be modified by either a recessive or a dominant epistatic factor occuring in some other lines. The RF character contributes to lodging resistance and many reduce yield losses of pods from mechanical harvest when combined with long racemes.
Response of Four Okra Cultivars on Mulched Beds to Plant Density1
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Four cultivars of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) were grown with densities of 22, 65, and 130 plants/square meter on polyethylene mulched beds. Within cultivars, pod number and marketable yield per unit area were not affected by plant density, but pod number and marketable yield/plant decreased with increasing density. Average pod weight with 3 of 4 cultivars was inversely related to plant density. Stalk diameter decreased with increasing density, and plant stunting occurred at the highest density.
Vinyl Augerlike Picker Tips for Berry Detachment in a Strawberry Harvester1
Authors: Stang E. J. , Denisen E. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An experimental model strawberry harvester with a series of counter-rotating coneshaped vinyl tips for fruit pickup and removal showed potential for rapid harvesting with reduced injury. Flexible auger-like tips on steel shafts were fabricated by molding and heat curing liquid vinyl around the shafts. Tips were molded in pairs with oppositely twisted ribs to provide upward and backward lift to the fruit. Fruit detachment was achieved with a pinching and snapping action of the screw-like ribbed tips counter-rotating in an upward pattern. A soft nylon bristle brush mounted above the picker tips was found unsatisfactory for pushing detached fruit backward onto a transport belt
Observations on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in Blueberry1
Authors: Gough R. E. , Shutak V. G. , Windus N. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Earlier ripening cultivars of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) usually produced more vegetative growth flushes than later ripening cultivars. Multiple flower buds were found most frequently on thick wood regardless of cultivar. Most distal buds on any flush were flower buds, while proximal buds were usually vegetative.
Alnem 1, Alnem 88, Alnem 201 Almonds: Nematode-resistant Rootstock Seed Source1
Authors: Kochba J. , Spiegel-Roy P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alnem rootstocks constitute a series of cultivars of bitter almond (Prunus amygdalus Batch var. amara) resistant to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica Chitwood. Root-knot nematodes are a great hazard to almond trees in warm climates, especially on light and medium irrigated soils. To the best of our knowledge, no other source of resistance in almond has been reported.
Purple Nutsedge: Tropical Scourge1
Authors: William R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is the most serious weed in cultivated crops throughout the tropics and subtropics. Intensive cultural practices such as those used in modern vegetable production tend to encourage the growth and distribution of purple nutsedge and other similar weeds, because they resist both traditional and modern methods of weed control. Tremendous amounts of human energy are required to reduce the growth of these weeds so that a satisfactory crop yield can be harvested. This paper describes some of the noxious characteristics of purple nutsedge and control measures that are currently being tested or used in Brazil and other Latin American countries.
Transpiration of Snapdragon under Southern Summer Greenhouse Conditions1
Authors: McDaniel G. L. , Miller Mitzi G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus, L.) cultivars grown at various humidity, temperature, and light intensity levels during the summer differed in transpiration rates. Daily transpiration rates among the cultivars differed according to stomatal closure and leaf hydration on bright hot days. Cultivars having a low transpiration rate and a high relative leaf hydration produced higher quality cut flowers.
Surface Active Agent to Increase Effectiveness of Surface Penetration of Ancymidol on Hydrangea and Easter Lily1
Authors: Tjia B. , Stoltz L. , Sandhu M. S. , Buxton J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ancymidol (α-cyclopropyl-α(pmethoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine-methanol) combined with surface active agents was tested to determine any increase of surface penetration for height control of hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Thunb.) and Easter Lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) The nonionic surfactants polyoxpropylene polyethoxyethanol dihydroxypropane (Hydrowet), polyoxyethylene polypropoxypropanol dihydroxypropane (Regulaid), and alkarylpolyoxyethylene glycols (X-77) were used. Ancymidol with the surfactant was applied on hydrangea as a foliar spray at 25, 50 or 100 ppm concentration or as a soil drench containing 1, 2 or 3 mg ai per plant. Hydrowet and Regulaid were effective when applied as a foliar spray. Only Hydrowet was effective when applied as a soil drench. Greater height control occurred with the combination of the surfactant and ancymidol as a foliar spray. Easter lilies were sprayed with ancymidol and surfactant as a foliar spray at 50 or 100 ppm concentration as a soil drench at 0.25 or 0.50 mg ai per plant. Hydrowet, Regulaid, and X-77 all increased surface penetration of ancymidol but did not increase the effectiveness of soil drenches of ancymidol.
Comparison of Soil Applied Growth Regulators on Height Control of Poinsettia1
Authors: Tjia B. , Ohpanayikool S. , Buxton J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effectiveness of α-cyclopropyl α-(p-m ethoxyphenyl)-5 pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) drench, (2-chloroethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (chlormequat), drench or encapsulated, and (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon), drench or granular, were compared on Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. cvs. White Hegg and Dark Red Hegg. The most effective chemicals in terms of height control, improved foliage quality, size of bracts were 0.5 mg ancymidol (drench), 3000 ppm chlormequat (drench), 1250 ppm ethephon (drench) and 2.0 to 7.0 g ethephon (granulated).
Slow-release Ancymidol for Poinsettia by Impregnation of Clay Pots1
Authors: Einert A. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
New clay pots were soaked in solutions of ancymidol [α-cyclopropyl-α-(p-methox-phenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol] of 5-100 ppm prior to filling with soil and the planting of cuttings of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.). Ancymidol was released from the impregnated pot by irrigation during the growing period. Pot soak concentration of 40 ppm appeared optimum for height control of the ‘C-l Red’ and ‘C-l New Pink’ poinsettias while less than 20 ppm was necessary to control height and avoid phototoxidity to ‘C-l White’. Ancymidol residue from used impregnated pots was above 50 ppm and a detergent pot wash was effective in reducing residue.
Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments and Temperatures on Seed Germination of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl.1
Authors: Shaybany Bijan , Rouhani Iraj 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. were treated by: 1) placing in boiling water and cooling to room temperature; 2) boiling in water for 5 or 10 min and cooling to room temperature; 3) soaking in concentrated H2SO4 at room temperature or at 50°C for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Seeds from all treatments were germinated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C in the dark. All pre-sowing treatments increased the germination percentage and rate over controls. Seeds treated with concentrated H2SO4 for 90 minutes and germinated at 15° had 98.5% germination in 6 days.
Influence of Spray Adjuvants and Multiple Applications of Benomyl and Oil on Photosynthesis of Apple Leaves1
Authors: Ferree D. C. , Hall F. R. , Spotts R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spray adjuvants alone and combined with benomyl in single and multiple applications were tested for their influence on net photosynthesis (Pn) and development of apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. on trees of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in the greenhouse. Triton CS-7 increased and ×-100 and 70 second oil deceeased Pn. Nu Film 17, Triton B-1956, Regulaid and ×-77 when combined with benomyl had no influence on Pn. Addition of Biofilm, Nu Film 17 or 70 second oil to benomyl did not improve apple scab control. Three sprays of benomyl plus oil decreased Pn of fully expanded leaves, and 5 sprays decreased Pn of both expanded and newly expanding leaves with the latter showing the greatest reduction.
Apple Slice Impregnation with Fruit Juices1
Authors: Gallander J. F. , Kretchman D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A definite flavor preference resulted from slices of ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) impregnated with cherry and black raspberry juices. Color ratings of these slices were also acceptable and were nearly identical to the control, impregnation with 40% sucrose syrup. In general color and texture scores were higher from slices processed from non-stored apples than those stored for 6 and 12 weeks. Texture was not influenced by impregnation treatments.
Cold Acclimation of Florida Peach and Nectarine Cultivars1
Authors: Buchanan D. W. , Biggs R. H. , Bartholic J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Early Amber’ peach and ‘Sungold’ nectarine (Prunus pérsica (L.) Batsch) growing in north central Florida acclimated sufficiently to cold to withstand −14° to −15°C although day temperatures were above 20° and night temperatures were above 7°. Rest and acclimation to cold in short chilling cultivars occur at higher temperatures than in long chilling ones. However, Florida cultivars also become acclimated to a lesser degree. Wood chips taken from the trunks of ‘Early Amber’ trees in January survived −10°C but were killed at −13°. Young trees were killed at −11° but survived −10° in January. Subsequent death of tissue occurs as a result of low temperature stress.
The Effect of Iron on Growth and Bacterial Canker Susceptibility of Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Daniell Jeff W. , Chandler W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peach seedlings [Prunus persica (L) Batsch] were grown in liquid culture with 0,1,4, 7 and 10 Mg/ml Fe++. After 6 months, the plants were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, the causal agent for bacterial canker, or water, and cankers were measured over a 5 month period. Plants not receiving iron were chlorotic and smaller than those grown in 1,4, 7 μg/ml of iron. Ten μg/ml of Fe++ reduced plant weight when compared to the 1 μg/ml rate. Plants receiving no Fe++ developed the longest bacterial cankers. No significant differences in canker length occurred between treatments containing Fe. In the 0 and 1 μg/ml rate, P. syringae was recovered farther from the inoculation site and after a longer time following inoculation than in other rates of Fe++. P. syringae was not recovered from water inoculated seedlings. The possible relationship of these findings to peach tree short-life is discussed.
Differentiation of Self-fertility and Self-sterility in Prunus by Stamen Number/Pistil Length Ratio1
Authors: Suranyi D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ratio of stamen number/pistil length (SN/PL) correlated with self-fertility in stone fruits; SN/PL is lower in self-fertile than in self-sterile cultivars. The SN/PL ratio is most reliable as a measure for fertility in Prunus domestica L. (plum), P. persica L. Batsch. (peach), P. armeniaca L. (apricot), and least reliable in P. avium L. (sweet cherry) and P. cerasus L. (sour cherry). The SN/PL ratio was relatively constant from year to year, with the greatest variation in sweet and sour cherry cultivars.
The Influence of Abscisic Acid in Cranberry Seed Dormancy1
Authors: Devlin Robert M. , Karczmarczyk Stanislaw J. , Deubert Karl H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The germination of non-dormant (light treated) seeds of cranberry, (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. Early Black) is inhibited by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Mechanical scarification enhances this inhibitory influence, almost complete inhibition occurring at 100 ppm ABA. Extracts of dormant seeds also inhibited germination whereas extracts of nondormant seeds did not. Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses indicate the presence of much higher amounts of ABA in the extracts of dormant seeds compared to non-dormant seeds. These observations suggest that ABA may be a controlling factor in cranberry seed dormancy.
Frost Tolerance in Strawberry Cultivars1
Authors: Ourecky Donald K. , Reich Jack E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A range of 3°C was observed in flower frost tolerance in 21 cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa. Duch.). Fruits were more susceptible to damage than flowers or buds. ‘Gala’ and ‘Robinson’ were among the least tolerant cultivars while ‘Earlidawn’ and ‘Catskill’ were the most tolerant to flower injury. Origin of cultivar had no relationship to flower frost tolerance.
Mineral Nutrients as Thinning Agents in ‘Wilking’ Mandarin Trees1
Authors: Lavon Ruth , Bar-Akiva A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar spray of ammonium phosphate in combination with potassium nitrate during the June drop season, on trees of ‘Wilking’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) was effective in thinning and brought about an increase of fruit diameter, reduced fruit acidity, and improved total soluble solids to total acid ratio.