bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KETENTUAN PEGADAIAN SYARIAH BERDASARKAN FATWA DEWAN SYARIAH NASIONAL MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA
Authors: Yuyun Juwita Lestari  
Published: December 2021

In this article, we will explain about sharia pawnshops and their provisions based on the Fatwa of the MUI National Sharia Council. Meanwhile, according to islam pawning is pawning an item as collateral for debt transactions carried out based on sharia principles. The existence of this pawn can be a solution for the communicaty in meeting their urgent financial needs. The practice of pawning in Indonesia is now growing very rapidly along with the increasing need of the community for fast funds to meet their basic needs. With this, it can inspire several Islamic bank and pawnshops to open pawn services. The method that the author uses in this article is a literature study that examines several previous scientific works and other literature that is in accordance with the theme of sharia pawnshops. With the result of the study obtained by the author, it is hoped that it can be used as a reference for readers.
Abstrak
Dalam artikel ini akan dijelaskan seputar tentang pegadaian syariah serta ketentuannya berdasarkan pada Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Yang dimaksud dengan gadai berdasarkan kaidah Islam itu ialah kegiatan menggadaikan barang sebagai jaminan atas transaksi hutang yang dilakukan sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. Adapun dengan adanya kegiatan gadai itu dapat menjadi solusi bagi masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keuangan yang sangat mendesak. Di Indonesia praktek gadai ini sudah tumbuh dengan sangat pesat yang beriringan dengan meningkatnya suatu kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap dana cepat/ mendesak untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Dengan adanya hal tersebut dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi bank-bank syariah dan lembaga pegadaian untuk menambah layanan jasa gadai. Pada artikel ini penulis menggunakan metode studi literatur yang menelaah beberapa karya ilmiah terdahulu dan literatur lain yang sesuai dengan tema artikel. Harapannya dengan hasil telaah yang diperoleh oleh penulis dapat menjadikan referensi bagi seorang pembaca.
Ocena strat przechowalniczych bulw nowych odmian ziemniaka w zależności od zróżnicowanych warunków pogodowych w okresie wegetacji
Authors: Trawczyński Cezary 
Published: December 2021

Badania przeprowadzono w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, Oddział w Jadwisinie w dwóch sezonach przechowalniczych 2017/2018 i 2018/2019. Celem doświadczenia była ocena wielkości strat przechowalniczych bulw ziemniaka kształtowanych pod wpływem zróżnicowanych warunków pogodowych w okresie wegetacji. Badania obejmowały 9 nowych odmian jadalnych (Bohun, Impresja, Lady Rosetta, Lawenda, Madeleine, Magnolia, Lech, Mazur, Otolia) i 3 skrobiowe (Mieszko, Szyper, Widawa). Odmiany uprawiano na glebie lekkiej w dwóch sezonach wegetacji: mokrym (2017 r.) i suchym (2018 r.). Ocenę strat spowodowanych ubytkami naturalnymi, rozwojem chorób oraz wzrostem kiełków przeprowadzono po 6 miesiącach przechowywania bulw w komorze w temperaturze 5°C i wilgotności 90–92%. Właściwości genetyczne odmian i zróżnicowane w latach warunki pogodowe, opady i temperatura powietrza, miały wysoce istotny wpływ na wszystkie rodzaje strat przechowalniczych. Po mokrym okresie wegetacji starty spowodowane ubytkami naturalnymi bulw po przechowywaniu stanowiły 6,42%, wywołane chorobami – 7,64% oraz kiełkowaniem bulw – 0,13%. Po suchym okresie wegetacji ubytki naturalne bulw po przechowywaniu wzrosły o 1,42%, straty spowodowane kiełkowaniem o 0,67%, natomiast porażenie chorobami zmniejszyło się o 5,31%. Po suchym okresie wegetacji najmniejsze straty przechowalnicze stwierdzono w przypadku bulw odmiany Madeleine, a największe – odmiany Widawa. Po wilgotnym okresie wegetacji najmniejszymi ubytkami przechowalniczymi charakteryzowała się odmiana Bohun, a największymi – odmiana Szyper. Najlepszy stopień trwałości przechowalniczej w badanych latach stwierdzono w przypadku odmian: Bohun, Magnolia i Mazur.
A Laboratory Method to Measure Skin Surface Staining by Cigarette Smoke, Tobacco Heating Products and E-Cigarettes
Authors: Dalrymple Annette , Bean Emma-Jayne , Thissen Jesse , Behrsing Holger , Coburn Steven , Murphy James 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Exhaled or side-stream cigarette smoke (CS) may visually stain a consumer's skin over time. Tobacco heating products (THPs) and e-cigarettes (ECs) have reduced staining potential because they do not produce side-stream aerosols and their exhaled aerosols have significantly reduced levels of toxicants, particles and odour. Here we assess discolouration of porcine skin in vitro after exposure to particulate matter (PM) or aerosols from CS (3R4F), two THPs (glo and glo sens) and an EC (iSwitch Maxx). PM was prepared by capturing aerosols on Cambridge filter pads and eluting with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Abattoir-obtained porcine skin samples were incubated with PM or DMSO control at 37 °C between 0 and 6.0 h. For aerosol assessment, porcine skin samples were exposed to between 50 and 400 puffs of the products, or air control, using a smoking machine. Colour profiles and staining levels of each skin sample were measured at different timepoints and puff thresholds using a spectrophotometer. Staining increased with time and dose, the greatest changes being observed following exposure to aerosols and PM from CS. THP, EC and control values were significantly different from CS after 0.5 h exposure to PM or 50 puffs of aerosols. The minimal staining induced by THPs and EC was comparable to controls. These data suggest that THPs and ECs could offer hygiene benefits to consumers who switch from smoking cigarettes. Further studies are required to assess the longer-term effects of THPs and ECs on skin discoloration. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 30 (2021) 158–166]
Fast Fractal Technique using Modified Moment Features on Domain Blocks
Authors: Hussein Alaa Ali , Oudah Atheer Yousif 
Published: December 2021

In this research, a new technique is suggested to reduce the long time required by the encoding process by using modified moment features on domain blocks. The modified moment features were used in accelerating the matching step of the Iterated Function System (IFS). The main disadvantage facing the fractal image compression (FIC) method is the over-long encoding time needed for checking all domain blocks and choosing the least error to get the best matched domain for each block of ranges. In this paper, we develop a method that can reduce the encoding time of FIC by reducing the size of the domain pool based on the moment features of domain blocks, followed by a comparison with threshold (the selected threshold based on experience is 0.0001). The experiment was conducted on three images with size of 512x512 pixel, resolution of 8 bits/pixel, and different block size (4x4, 8x8 and, 16x16 pixels). The resulted encoding time (ET) values achieved by the proposed method were 41.53, 39.06, and 38.16 sec, respectively, for boat , butterfly, and house images of block size 4x4 pixel. These values were compared with those obtained by the traditional algorithm for the same images with the same block size, which were 1073.85, 1102.66, and 1084.92 sec, respectively. The results imply that the proposed algorithm could remarkably reduce the ET of the images in comparison with the traditional algorithm.
Biodeinking Kertas Koran Bekas menggunakan Ekstrak Kasar Lakase dari Marasmiellus palmivorus
Authors: Zunaidah Sitatun , Saputra Rendana , Risdianto Hendro , Suhardi Sri Harjati 
Published: December 2021

Biodeinking of Old Newspaper using Crude Laccase from Marasmiellus palmivorus Abstract Enzymatic deinking is receiving growing attention due to the negative environmental impact caused by chemical deinking. Old newspaper (ONP) is one of the materials that can be used in paper recycling. The use of the crude laccase from Marasmiellus palmivorus in biodeinking is due to its capability to remove the ink. The objective of this research was to determine the potential use of laccase in enzymatic deinking to increase the brightness value and reduce ERIC (Effective Residual Ink Concentration) value on old newspapers. Laccase was produced from M. palmivorus by using cultivation in a static Solid State Fermentation (SSF) reactor with lignocellulosic as substrate. The methodology involves the production of crude laccase extract, laccase optimization using variations of dosage, temperatures, and times. The highest laccase activity is 1,142.86 U/L (16 U/mg). Optimization of laccase crude extract enzyme in biodeinking can increase brightness values by 15.22% (54.27 %ISO) to 25.03% (58.89 %ISO) compared to controls (47.09% ISO) and reduce ERIC values by 46.12% (452.1 ppm) to 68.26% (266.4 ppm) compared to control (839.2 ppm). Keywords: biodeinking, Marasmiellus palmivorus, laccase, old newspaper Abstrak Deinking enzimatis semakin mendapat perhatian karena dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh deinking secara kimia. Kertas koran bekas merupakan salah satu bahan yang dapat didaur ulang. Pemanfaatan ekstrak kasar lakase dari Marasmiellus palmivorus digunakan dalam biodeinking karena memiliki kemampuan untuk menyisihkan tinta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak kasar lakase untuk meningkatkan nilai brightness (derajat cerah) dan menurunkan nilai Effective Residual Ink Concentration (ERIC) dalam proses biodeinking kertas koran bekas. Produksi ekstrak kasar lakase dilakukan dalam reaktor statis Solid State Fermentation (SSF) dengan substrat material lignoselulosik. Produksi ekstrak kasar lakase menghasilkan aktivitas tertinggi 1.142,86 U/L (8,33 U/mg). Perlakuan biodeinking dengan enzim ekstrak kasar lakase dapat meningkatkan nilai derajat cerah 15,22% (54,27 %ISO) sampai 25,03% (58,89 %ISO) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (47,10 %ISO) dan menurunkan nilai ERIC 46,12% (452,1 ppm) sampai 68,26% (266,4 ppm) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (839,2 ppm). Kata kunci: biodeinking, Marasmiellus palmivorus, lakase, kertas koran bekas
Optimasi Kadar Ultimate dan Tingkat Kebasaan Bio-arang Limbah Kayu Durian sebagai Pembenah Tanah
Authors: Soedarmanto Heri , Setiawaty Evy , Iskandar Taufik 
Published: December 2021

Konversi biomassa melalui pirolisis menghasilkan bio-arang, bio-minyak dan gas. Pirolisis biomassa dipengaruhi oleh kondisi pirolisis seperti bahan baku dan suhu pirolisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kondisi optimum kadar ultimate (CHO) dan pH bio-arang berdasarkan ukuran partikel bahan baku limbah kayu durian dan suhu pirolisis sebagai pembenah tanah. Limbah kayu durian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berukuran diameter 0,17–0,42 mm; 0,42–1,00 mm; dan 1,00–2,83 mm, dengan variasi suhu pirolisis 350°C, 450°C, dan 550°C sebanyak tiga kali ulangan. Optimasi menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology. Berdasarkan model kuadratik, didapatkan kadar karbon optimum bio-arang sebesar 81,78% dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku pada 2,09 mm dan suhu pirolisis 530,5oC. Kadar hidrogen optimum bio-arang sebesar 3,35% dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku 2,89 mm dan suhu pirolisis 547,4oC. Kadar oksigen optimum bio-arang sebesar 12,22% dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku 1,89 mm dan suhu pirolisis 529,5oC. pH optimum bio-arang sebesar 8,35 dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku 0,6 mm dan suhu pirolisis 521,8oC. Kondisi proses terbaik untuk menghasilkan kadar ultimate dan pH yang paling optimal berada pada range ukuran diameter bahan baku 0,6 mm–2,89 mm dan suhu pirolisis sebesar 521,8oC–547,4oC. The Optimization of Ultimate Levels and Basicity of Durian Wood Waste Biochar as Soil AmendmentAbstractBiomass conversion through pyrolysis produces biochar, bio-oil and gas. Pyrolysis of biomass is influenced by pyrolysis conditions such as raw materials and pyrolysis temperature. The purpose of this study was to analyze the optimum conditions for ultimate levels (CHO) and pH of biochar based on the particle size of the durian wood waste and the pyrolysis temperature as soil amendment. Particle sizes of durian waste were 0.17–0.42 mm; 0.42–1.00 mm; and 1.00–2.83 mm in diameter where pyrolysis temperatures were 350°C; 450°C; and 550°C. Optimization was used by the Response Surface Methodology method. Based on the quadratic model, the optimum carbon content of biochar was 81.78% with the particle size at 2.09 mm and the pyrolysis temperature of 530.5oC. The optimum hydrogen content of biochar was 3.35% with a particle size of 2.89 mm and a pyrolysis temperature of 547.4oC. The optimum oxygen content of biochar was 12.22% with a particle size of 1.89 mm and a pyrolysis temperature of 529.5oC. The optimum pH of biochar was 8.35 with a particle size of 0.6 mm and a pyrolysis temperature of 521.8oC. The most optimal ultimate levels and pH were in the diameter size range of 0.6 mm-2.89 mm and pyrolysis temperature of 521.8oC-547.4oC.
Cognitive evoked potentials in the diagnosis of post-concussion syndrome due to blast mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zavaliy Yurii V. , Solonovych Oleksandr S. , Biloshitsky Vadym V. , Trеtiakova Albina I. , Chebotariova Lidia L. , Suliy Liudmyla M. 
Published: December 2021

Hostilities in the East of Ukraine are characterized by the use of new weapons, including rocket artillery, rocket-propelled grenades and landmines. This has led to an increase in the number of victims with blast mild traumatic brain injury (BMTBI) and the need to provide them with effective assistance and rehabilitation. An important task is to improve the BMTBI diagnosis by specifying the objective criteria for structural and functional disorders of the central nervous system. This will improve the prognosis of the course of BMTBI in the injured and the treatment program, including personalized, to prevent the development of persistent neurological deficit.
Objective: to investigate the possibilities of the cognitive evoked potentials (CEP) method for the objective diagnosis of cognitive disorders in post-concussion syndrome (PCS) BMTBI.
Materials and methods. The study involved 115 men with PCS (main group) and 30 healthy individuals (control group). The cognitive functions of the study participants were studied using the questionnaire "Cicerone". The neurophysiological method for assessing the functional state of the brain involved the registration of CEP, event-related (P300 CEP).
Results. The selection of a subgroup of patients with PCS, characterized by a predominance of cognitive impairments, allowed us to trace the relationship between the results of neurophysiological studies with the cognitive indicators of patients with BMTBI. P300 latency indices are inversely proportional to cognitive assessment the questionnaire "Cicerone" and statistically significantly depend on the severity of cognitive impairment.
Conclusions. The CEP P300 method can be an effective means of objectifying the degree of cognitive impairment in patients with PCS due to BMTBI.
Analysis of Policy, Infrastructure Facilities and Human Resources in Preparation for Re-Accreditation
Authors: Julianti Riri , Sutomo Sumengen , Abidin Aldiga Rienarti , Yunita Jasrida , Renaldi Reno 
Published: December 2021

Accreditation is an acknowledgment of the public health center agency, by an independent accreditation agency set by the Minister of Health after meeting the first level health facility service standards to improve the quality of services on an ongoing basis. Puskesmas Bagansiapapi is a middle-accredited puskesmas that will go through a re-accreditation process scheduled for 2020 and is planned to be a pilot health center in Rokan Hilir district. Based on the results of initial interview with Head and Staff of Public Health center, there are some recommendations from surveyors for 2020’s re-accreditation preparation such as policies, infrastructure and human resources. Downstream 2020.This type of research is qualitative descriptive exploratory research with in-depth interviews, observation and document review with the respondents of the quality head, an admin’s leader, an UKM’s Leader, the head of UKP, the Head of Public Health Center and the Internal Health Staff. The results showed that the preparatory policies for accreditation had been implemented well. The facilities and infrastructure in preparation for accreditation have not met Permenkes 43 of 2019 and have not met the needs of the community. Judging from the adequacy of human resources has not met the standard Permenkes No. 43 of 2019 in the form of environmental sanitation workers, health information system personnel, financial administration staff, administrative staff and those needed by medical record health centers and information technology workers.Preparation for Puskesmas Bagansiapiapi accreditation in policy has been well implemented, infrastructure and human resources do not meet standards.
FUNGSI ADJEKTIVA KOMPARATIF DALAM BAHASA MADURA DIALEK KANGEAN DAN DAMPAKNYA BAGI MASYARAKAT KANGEAN: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK [The Function of Comparative Adjectives in Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language and its Impact]
Authors: Hafidz Mutaallim , Alfani Fahmi Reza , Mahidin La , Agustin Yuana Dwi , Wicaksi Damon 
Published: December 2021

Comparative adjectives of Kangean Dialect of Madurese Language (KDML) are the basic adjectives that has A+D+(-an) stucture or lebbi. This study explored the function of comparative adjectives in KDML and its impact for the Kangean community. The theories used to explore and determine the comparative adjective function are descriptive and pragmatic theories. The research is a qualitative research. The method used in this research is the participatory observation method. The data were obtained from interviews with the dialect speakers by voice recording and field note-taking. Besides, researchers used the introspectiveve method (reflective-introspection method). The data that has been collected were transcribed into written form of orthographic transcription, then translated and classified according to its function. The method applied for analyzing the data are equivalent and distributional method. Meanwhile, the methods used for displaying the results of data analysis are informal and formal steps. The results showed that in KDML, there are several functions of comparative adjectives, namely to motivate, praise, admonish, command, insinuate, advise, criticize and accuse. Meanwhile, the impact of adjective utterances, people become more optimistic, comfortable, easy to appreciate, entertained, strong, cautious, deterred, and humble. Adjektiva komparatif bahasa Madura dialek Kangean (BMDK) merupakan adjektiva dasar yang memiliki struktur A+D+(-an) atau lebbi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fungsi adjektiva komparatif dalam BMDK dan dampaknya bagi komunitas Kangean. Teori yang digunakan untuk menggali dan menentukan fungsi adjektiva komparatif adalah teori deskriptif dan pragmatik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi partisipatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan penutur dialek Kangean melalui rekaman dan catatan lapangan. Selain itu, peneliti menggunakan metode introspektif (metode reflektif-introspekturis). Data yang sudah terkumpul ditranskrip ke dalam bentuk tulisan dengan transkripsi ortografis, kemudian diterjemahkan dan diklasifikasikan sesuai fungsinya. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah metode ekuivalen dan metode agih dan metode yang digunakan untuk menampilkan hasil analisis data adalah langkah-langkah formal dan nonformal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam BMDK terdapat beberapa fungsi adjektiva komparatif yakni untuk memotivasi, memuji, menegur, memerintah, menyindir, menasihati, mencela dan menuduh. Sedangkan dampaknya adalah masyarakat lebih optimis, peka, mudah menghargai, terhibur, kuat, berhati-hati, jera, dan rendah diri.
MEMAHAMI PUISI-PUISI HERBAL DALAM ANTOLOGI NAMAKU BUNGA KARYA L.K. ARA [Understanding Poetry with Herbal Theme in L.K. Ara’s Namaku Bunga Anthology]
Authors: Mahmud Amir 
Published: December 2021

This study aims to describe L.K. Ara’s poetries about the benefits of herbs in traditional medicines (jamu). For centuries, it is a cultural fact that traditional medicines had been used to maintain health in Indonesian (Nusantara) society. The research problem is to describe L.K. Ara’s poetries that mention beneficial herbs to maintain health and that it has become a cultural fact in Nusantara. The method used in this research was descriptive-qualitative. This method was used to solve problems by describing findings of the research. The results showed that literature works apparently play a significant role in maintaining and preserving the natural environment, especially when it deals with herbal plants. The use of herbs in traditional medicine (jamu) for healing the sick is a part of our life so literature ia also also used to represent the used of herbal plants for human health. Herbal remedies such as juice of spices and herbs, remedies for women, herbal remedies in the form of powder, betel chewing, traditional massage with herbal concoctions, and going to traditional healers are cultural facts in Nusantara society. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan puisi-puisi karya L.K. Ara tentang manfaat herbal untuk kesehatan telah menjadi fakta budaya dalam masyarakat Nusantara sudah berabad-abad. Masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana gambaran puisi-puisi karya L.K. Ara yang menyajikan herbal bermanfaat untuk kesehatan telah menjadi fakta budaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini digunakan untuk kebutuhan memecahkan masalah dengan cara memaparkan objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karya sastra berperan dalam pemeliharaan dan pelestarian alam lingkungan terutama pada tanaman jenis herbal. Pemanfaatan herbal untuk pengobatan guna penyembuhan orang sakit merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dengan kehidupan sehingga sastra ikut berperan mempresentasikan fungsi tanaman untuk kesehatan manusia. Pengobatan secara herbal seperti cekok, uyup uyup, tapel, menginang, pijat dengan ramuan herbal, dan peyembuhan melalui dukun dengan herbal tertentu merupakan fakta budaya dalam masyarakat Nusantara.
Transmisión de la tecnología constructiva de la arquitectura tradicional en México - patrimonio en peligro
Authors: Torres Garibay Luis Alberto , Azevedo Salomao Eugenia Maria 
Published: December 2021

Se expone el tema de arquitectura tradicional, desde el punto de vista de la transmisión de la tradición de las técnicas para construir y la relación existente entre patrimonio material e inmaterial, potencialidades y su vulnerabilidad. La preocupación está en las acciones inadecuadas que se realizan y no consideran las potencialidades sociales, culturales y del medio natural que tienen los poblados históricos de México. El trabajo se sustenta en actividades que han consistido en observaciones directas, levantamientos, entrevistas, análisis y participaciones con comunidades estudiadas. Se considera que las prácticas que se han aplicado son homogenizantes y omiten valores inmateriales del patrimonio, descuidan los valores sociales ancestrales y aplican políticas ajenas a la idiosincrasia de los pobladores que detentan ese patrimonio. Se concluye que no hay futuro para la arquitectura tradicional Â sin atender los valores inmateriales de su proceso.
Se concluye que no hay futuro para la arquitectura tradicional sin atender los valores inmateriales de su proceso.
Palabras clave: Transmisión de la Tecnología; arquitectura tradicional; México; Herencia
A gênese do mercado nacional e a Cia. Industrial Sanjoanense (c.1890-c.1913)
Authors: Graça Filho Afonso Alencastro 
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir o conceito de mercado nacional por meio de informações de e Â mpresas fabris e comerciais publicadas pela Companhia Lloyd’s, em 1913. Essas informações nos possibilitam considerar que a integração dos mercados regionais já havia se estabelecido durante o final do século XIX, convivendo com a escravidão e o crescimento dos núcleos urbanos. A Companhia Industrial São Joanense vai se caracterizar pelas condições regionais assimétricas que a construção do mercado nacional criou, concentrando o mercado de capitais no Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo.
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