bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species Richness, Density, Activity, and Composition of Ground-dwelling Ants in the Humid Forest Zone of Southern Cameroon: Role of Vegetation Cover and Abiotic Factors
Authors: Fotso Kuate A , Hanna R , Nanga S N , Tindo M , Doumtsop Fotio A R P , Nagel P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The destruction of natural habitats is among the major factors responsible for the decrease in species diversity and distribution. This study focused on the effect of vegetation and its interaction with the season on ant species richness, density, activity, and composition in the three dominant habitats – forest, fallow, and mixed crop field – prevailing in southern Cameroon. Ants were sampled using two sampling techniques –pitfall trap and quadrat – in fallows, forest, and mixed crop fields from May 2007 to April 2008. Average ant species richness did not differ between fallow and forest, but the number of species in both habitats was higher compared with mixed-crop field. Species richness was also higher during the short dry season compared with other seasons. Species density was higher in mixed-crop field and in the long dry season. Species activity was similar in the three habitats, but it was higher during the long-wet season. Species richness, activity, and density were lower at low altitude. Vegetation and season affected the composition of ant species, but not the interaction between the two factors. The highest dissimilarity index was observed between mixed crop-field and forest while between seasons, it was between the short-wet and the long dry season. These results suggest that vegetation cover and abiotic factors interact to determine the distribution, density, activity, and composition of ant species. Identifying key drivers among environmental factors could help to understand the response of species to the variation of those factors in the context of climate change.
Patient selection for long-term secondary prevention with ticagrelor: insights from PEGASUS-TIMI 54
Authors: Bonaca Marc P , Im KyungAh , Magnani Giulia , Bansilal Sameer , Dellborg Mikael , Storey Robert F , Bhatt Deepak L , Steg P Gabriel , Cohen Marc , Johanson Per , Braunwald Eugene , Sabatine Marc S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aim
In patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) on aspirin, the addition of ticagrelor reduces ischaemic risk but increases bleeding risk. The simultaneous assessment of baseline ischaemic and bleeding risk may assist clinicians in selecting patients who are most likely to have a favourable risk/benefit profile with long-term ticagrelor.

Methods and results
PEGASUS-TIMI 54 randomized 21 162 prior MI patients, 13 956 of which to the approved 60 mg dose or placebo and who had all necessary data. The primary efficacy endpoint was cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke, and the primary safety outcome was TIMI major bleeding; differences in Kaplan–Meier event rates at 3 years are presented. Post-hoc subgroups based on predictors of bleeding and ischaemic risk were merged into a selection algorithm. Patients were divided into four groups: those with a bleeding predictor (n = 2721, 19%) and then those without a bleeding predictor and either 0–1 ischaemic risk factor (IRF; n = 3004, 22%), 2 IRF (n = 4903, 35%), or ≥3 IRF (n = 3328, 24%). In patients at high bleeding risk, ticagrelor increased bleeding [absolute risk difference (ARD) +2.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6, 3.9] and did not reduce the primary efficacy endpoint (ARD +0.08%, 95% CI −2.4 to 2.5). In patients at low bleeding risk, the ARDs in the primary efficacy endpoint with ticagrelor were −0.5% (−2.2, 1.3), −1.5% (−3.1, 0.02), and −2.6% (−5.0, −0.24, P = 0.03) in those with ≤1, 2, and 3 risk factors, respectively (P = 0.076 for trend across groups). There were significant trends for greater absolute risk reductions for cardiovascular death (P-trend 0.018), all-cause mortality (P-trend 0.027), and net outcomes (P-trend 0.037) with ticagrelor across these risk groups.

Conclusion
In a post-hoc exploratory analysis of patients with prior MI, long-term ticagrelor therapy appears to be best suited for those with prior MI with multiple IRFs at low bleeding risk.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT01225562 ClinicalTrials.gov
Contemporary and future invasive coronary vasomotor function testing and treatment in patients with ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Damman Peter , Elias-Smale Suzette E , Jansen Tijn P J , Konst Regina E , Dimitriu-Leen Aukelien C , Hartzema Mariëlle , van Royen Niels , Maas Angela H E M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the current review, we emphasize the importance of diagnostics and therapy in patients with ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). The importance of the diagnostic coronary function test (CFT) procedure is described, including future components including angiography-derived physiology and invasive continuous thermodilution. Furthermore, the main components of treatment are discussed. Future directions include the national registration ensuring a high quality of INOCA care, besides a potential source to improve our understanding of pathophysiology in the various phenotypes of coronary vascular dysfunction, the diagnostic CFT procedure, and treatment.
Health literacy, financial insecurity and health outcomes among people living with HIV in Australia
Authors: Power Jennifer , Lea Toby , Melendez-Torres G J , Lyons Anthony , Norman Thomas , Hill Adam O , Bourne Adam 
Published: November 2022

Summary
It is well documented that lower socio-economic status is associated with poorer health outcomes, while health literacy is considered important for improving health. What is less clear, is the extent to which greater health literacy can improve health outcomes among people for whom poverty or financial insecurity are important barriers to health. The paper presents findings from an Australian survey of people living with HIV (PLHIV) (N = 835) in which we explored the relationship between financial insecurity and health outcomes, looking at the extent to which health literacy mediates this relationship. The study drew on a comprehensive definition of health literacy, measuring participant’s confidence to communicate with healthcare providers, navigate the health system and take an active stance in relation to their health. Findings showed that financial insecurity was associated with lower health literacy and poorer self-reported physical and mental health. Health literacy mediated 16.2% of the effect of financial insecurity on physical health scores and 16.6% of the effect of financial insecurity on mental health scores. This suggests that programmes which seek to build health literacy among PLHIV may improve health outcomes among PLHIV who are struggling financially. Health literacy programmes are likely to be effective if they build confidence and resourcefulness among people to engage with health information, decision-making and care.
Promoting food literacy in primary school classrooms through the HealthLit4Kids Program in Australia
Authors: Kelly Rebecca K , Peralta Louisa , Nash Rosie 
Published: November 2022

Lay Summary
Food literacy (FL) refers to the knowledge, skills, and behaviours associated with healthy eating. Schools are recognised as an important setting for FL promotion during childhood. HealthLit4Kids is an Australian primary school intervention that engages students, families, and educators to promote health literacy. This study aimed to assess the promotion of FL, a subtype of health literacy, in primary school classrooms across five schools. Teachers planned and implemented classroom activities over a 12-month period. Researchers examined lesson plans created by teachers and ‘artefacts’ (e.g. drawings, models) created by students during activities. Most classroom activities considered the nutritional knowledge and interpersonal communication skills associated with healthy eating, whereas fewer activities addressed students’ ability to critically analyse and apply information relating to food. The FL themes considered most frequently in classroom activities were ‘food and health choices’, ‘knowledge’, and ‘skills and behaviour’. Whereas the FL themes considered less frequently were ‘food systems’, ‘emotion’, and ‘culture’. The delivery of classroom activities was supported by the integration of other curriculum areas (e.g. The Arts and English). Future studies are required to understand how school-based interventions can promote the areas of FL that were less frequently addressed in this intervention in the classroom and beyond.
Acoustic telemetry and accelerometers: a field comparison of different proxies for activity in the marine environment
Authors: Pereñíguez J M , Venerus L A , Gutiérrez-Cánovas C , Abecasis D , Ciancio J E , Jiménez-Montalbán P , García-Charton J A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Different proxies for activity are used in the field of acoustic telemetry, a leading technology for the study of behaviour in the aquatic environment. Acoustic telemetry poses some shortcomings that may condition data interpretation. Here, we assessed some approaches commonly used to infer activity from acoustic telemetry data using acceleration biologgers as a benchmark. Specifically, we assessed (1) the performance of internal acceleration transmitters, (2) the consequences of averaging acceleration data into increasing time bins, (3) the occurrence of sampling bias in telemetry data acquisition, and (4) the performance of the number of detections and the depth range as proxies for activity. Despite some constraints of acoustic telemetry, acceleration transmitters had a good performance. Conversely, the number of detections and the depth range did not match well the activity estimates provided by acceleration biologgers. Besides, our results pointed to some issues in models concerning the predictive power of acceleration transmitters (linear predictor) over acceleration biologgers, warned about potential sampling bias associated with data acquisition with acoustic telemetry, and highlighted the relevance of considering inter-individual differences in behavioural studies. Finally, we provided some methodological perspectives that should be considered to plan fieldwork, analyse data, and interpret results on animal activity obtained with acoustic telemetry.
Drawing boundaries of police powers doctrine: a balanced framework for investors and states
Authors: Bulut Omer Erkut 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The expropriation of alien property should be subject to compensation as a customary international law rule. Known as the host state’s ‘right to regulate’ or ‘police powers’, there is an ongoing debate on whether there can be non-compensable regulatory takings to uphold ‘essential’ public interests, such as public health. The existence or extent of this doctrine is still unclear, especially when the applicable investment treaty does not specifically address this principle. This article seeks to present a possible legal framework in this regard and defend the general legitimacy of the police powers doctrine even when the applicable treaty does not provide an express provision, though when applied in limited conditions. Therefore, the article defends a mitigated police powers doctrine which seeks to offer a balanced framework upholding the essential public interests and conforming to the core principles of international investment law.
Acetylation of PPARγ in macrophages promotes visceral fat degeneration in obesity
Authors: Aaron Nicole , Zahr Tarik , He Ying , Yu Lexiang , Mayfield Brent , Pajvani Utpal B , Qiang Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is driven by macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue. PPARγ is well established to have an anti-inflammatory function in macrophages, but the mechanism that regulates its function in these cells remains to be fully elucidated. PPARγ undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, to mediate ligand responses, including on metabolic functions. Here, we report that PPARγ acetylation in macrophages promotes their infiltration into adipose tissue, exacerbating metabolic dysregulation. We generated a mouse line that expresses a macrophage-specific, constitutive acetylation-mimetic form of PPARγ (K293Qflox/flox:LysM-cre, mK293Q) to dissect the role of PPARγ acetylation in macrophages. Upon high-fat diet feeding to stimulate macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, we assessed the overall metabolic profile and tissue-specific phenotype of the mutant mice, including responses to the PPARγ agonist Rosiglitazone. Macrophage-specific PPARγ K293Q expression promotes proinflammatory macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in epididymal white adipose tissue, but not in subcutaneous or brown adipose tissue, leading to decreased energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue function. Furthermore, mK293Q mice are resistant to Rosiglitazone-induced improvements in adipose tissue remodeling. Our study reveals that acetylation is a new layer of PPARγ regulation in macrophage activation, and highlights the importance and potential therapeutic implications of such PTMs in regulating metabolism.
What powers the wind from the black hole accretion disc in GRO J1655−40?
Authors: Tomaru Ryota , Done Chris , Mao Junjie 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Black hole accretion discs can produce powerful outflowing plasma (disc winds), seen as blue-shifted absorption lines in stellar and supermassive systems. These winds in quasars have an essential role in controlling galaxy formation across cosmic time, but there is no consensus on how these are physically launched. A single unique observation of a stellar-mass black hole GRO J1655−40 was used to argue that magnetic driving was the only viable mechanism and motivated unified models of magnetic winds in both binaries and quasars. The alternative, X-ray heating (thermal-radiative wind), was ruled out for the low observed luminosity by the high wind density estimated from an absorption line of a metastable level of Fe xxii. Here, we reanalyse these data using a photoionization code that includes cascades from radiative excitation as well as collisions in populating the metastable level. The cascade reduces the inferred wind density by more than an order of magnitude. The derived column is also optically thick, so the source is intrinsically more luminous than observed. We show that a thermal-radiative wind model calculated from a radiation hydrodynamic simulation matches well with the data. We revisit the previous magnetic wind solution and show that this is also optically thick, leading to a larger source luminosity. However, unlike the thermal-radiative wind, it struggles to reproduce the overall ion population at the required density. These results remove the requirement for a magnetic wind in these data and remove the basis of the self-similar unified magnetic wind models extrapolated to quasar outflows.
Testing the evolutionary pathways of galaxies and their supermassive black holes and the impact of feedback from active galactic nuclei via large multiwavelength data sets
Authors: Mountrichas George , Shankar Francesco 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
It is still a matter of intense debate how supermassive black holes (SMBHs) grow and the role played by feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the coevolution of SMBHs and galaxies. To test the coevolution proposed by theoretical models, we compile a large AGN sample of 5639 X-ray detected AGN, over a wide redshift range, spanning nearly three orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity. The AGN have been detected in the COSMOS-Legacy, the Boötes, the XMM-XXL, and the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS) fields. Using the specific star formation rate estimates, we split the AGN host galaxies into star forming (SF), starburst (SB), and quiescent (Q). Our results show that the AGN accretion is increased in SB systems compared to SF and Q. Our analysis reveals a mild increase of LX with M*. The LX/star formation rate (SFR) ratio has a weak dependence on M* and at fixed M* it is highest in Q systems. The latter trend is mostly driven by the significant drop in SFR in the Q state. The measured strong variations in SFR from the SB/SF to Q mirror those predicted in merger models with AGN feedback. However, the observed mild variations in LX are at variance with the same models. We also study the evolution of SFR for a galaxy control sample and found that it is very similar to that of X-ray AGN. This suggests that either AGN play a minor role in the star formation quenching, or the relative timescales of the two processes are different.
Constraints on neutron star superfluidity from the cooling neutron star in Cassiopeia A using all Chandra ACIS-S observations
Authors: Shternin Peter S , Ofengeim Dmitry D , Heinke Craig O , Ho Wynn C G 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Analysis of Chandra observations of the neutron star (NS) in the centre of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant taken in the subarray (FAINT) mode of the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) detector performed by Posselt and collaborators revealed, after inclusion of the most recent (2020 May) observations, a significant decrease of the source surface temperature from 2006 to 2020. The obtained cooling rate is consistent with those obtained from analysis of the 2000–2019 data taken in the GRADED mode of the ACIS detector, which is potentially more strongly affected by instrumental effects. We performed a joint spectral analysis using all ACIS data to constrain the NS parameters and cooling rate. We constrain the mass of the Cassiopeia A NS at $M=1.55\pm 0.25\, {\rm M}_\odot$, and its radius at R = 13.5 ± 1.5 km. The surface temperature cooling rate is found to be 2.2 ± 0.3 per cent in 10 yr if the absorbing hydrogen column density is allowed to vary and 1.6 ± 0.2 per cent in 10 yr if it is fixed. The observed cooling can be explained by enhanced neutrino emission from the superfluid NS interior due to Cooper pair formation (CPF) process. Based on analysis of all ACIS data, we constrain the maximal critical temperature of triplet neutron pairing within the NS core at (4–9.5) × 108 K. In accordance with previous studies, the required effective strength of the CPF neutrino emission is at least a factor of 2 higher than existing microscopic calculations suggest.
Lessons learned from the two largest Galaxy morphological classification catalogues built by convolutional neural networks
Authors: Cheng T-Y , Domínguez Sánchez H , Vega-Ferrero J , Conselice C J , Siudek M , Aragón-Salamanca A , Bernardi M , Cooke R , Ferreira L , Huertas-Company M , Krywult J , Palmese A , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Carnero Rosell A , Gruen D , Thomas D , Bacon D , Brooks D , James D J , Hollowood D L , Friedel D , Suchyta E , Sanchez E , Menanteau F , Paz-Chinchón F , Gutierrez G , Tarle G , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Ferrero I , Annis J , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Mena-Fernández J , Honscheid K , Kuehn K , da Costa L N , Gatti M , Raveri M , Pereira M E S , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Smith M , Carrasco Kind M , Aguena M , Swanson M E C , Weaverdyck N , Doel P , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Gruendl R A , Allam S , Hinton S R , Dodelson S , Bocquet S , Desai S , Everett S , Scarpine V 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We compare the two largest galaxy morphology catalogues, which separate early- and late-type galaxies at intermediate redshift. The two catalogues were built by applying supervised deep learning (convolutional neural networks, CNNs) to the Dark Energy Survey data down to a magnitude limit of ∼21 mag. The methodologies used for the construction of the catalogues include differences such as the cutout sizes, the labels used for training, and the input to the CNN – monochromatic images versus gri-band normalized images. In addition, one catalogue is trained using bright galaxies observed with DES (i &lt; 18), while the other is trained with bright galaxies (r &lt; 17.5) and ‘emulated’ galaxies up to r-band magnitude 22.5. Despite the different approaches, the agreement between the two catalogues is excellent up to i &lt; 19, demonstrating that CNN predictions are reliable for samples at least one magnitude fainter than the training sample limit. It also shows that morphological classifications based on monochromatic images are comparable to those based on gri-band images, at least in the bright regime. At fainter magnitudes, i &gt; 19, the overall agreement is good (∼95 per cent), but is mostly driven by the large spiral fraction in the two catalogues. In contrast, the agreement within the elliptical population is not as good, especially at faint magnitudes. By studying the mismatched cases, we are able to identify lenticular galaxies (at least up to i &lt; 19), which are difficult to distinguish using standard classification approaches. The synergy of both catalogues provides an unique opportunity to select a population of unusual galaxies.
ERGO-ML I: inferring the assembly histories of IllustrisTNG galaxies from integral observable properties via invertible neural networks
Authors: Eisert Lukas , Pillepich Annalisa , Nelson Dylan , Klessen Ralf S , Huertas-Company Marc , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
A fundamental prediction of the ΛCDM cosmology is the hierarchical build-up of structure and therefore the successive merging of galaxies into more massive ones. As one can only observe galaxies at one specific time in the cosmic history, this merger history remains, in principle, unobservable. By using the TNG100 simulation of the IllustrisTNG project, we show that it is possible to infer the unobservable stellar assembly and merger history of central galaxies from their observable properties by using machine learning techniques. In particular, in this first paper of ERGO-ML (Extracting Reality from Galaxy Observables with Machine Learning), we choose a set of seven observable integral properties of galaxies to infer the stellar ex-situ fraction, the average merger lookback times and mass ratios, and the lookback time and stellar mass of the last major merger. To infer the posterior distribution for these parameters and hence estimate the uncertainties in the predictions, we use a conditional Invertible Neural Network (cINN). We find that the stellar ex-situ fraction and the time of the last major merger are well-determined by the selected set of observables, that the mass-weighted merger mass ratio is unconstrained, and that, beyond stellar mass, stellar morphology and stellar age are the most informative properties. Finally, we show that the cINN recovers the remaining unexplained scatter and secondary cross-correlations. Overall, this is a first step towards a tool that can be applied to large galaxy surveys in order to infer unobservable properties of the galaxies’ past, enabling empirical studies of galaxy evolution enriched by cosmological simulations.