bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-specific measurements show nitrogen fixation by particle-attached putative non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Harding Katie J. , Turk-Kubo Kendra A. , Mak Esther Wing Kwan , Weber Peter K. , Mayali Xavier , Zehr Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation is a major important source of nitrogen for low-nutrient surface oceanic waters. Nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) cyanobacteria are believed to be the primary contributors to this process, but the contribution of non-cyanobacterial diazotrophic organisms in oxygenated surface water, while hypothesized to be important, has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, we used simultaneous15N-dinitrogen and13C-bicarbonate incubations combined with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis to screen tens of thousands of mostly particle-associated, cell-like regions of interest collected from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. These dual isotope incubations allow us to distinguish between non-cyanobacterial and cyanobacterial nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and to measure putative cell-specific nitrogen fixation rates. With this approach, we detect nitrogen fixation by putative non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs in the oxygenated surface ocean, which are associated with organic-rich particles (<210 µm size fraction) at two out of seven locations sampled. When present, up to 4.1% of the analyzed particles contain at least one active putative non-cyanobacterial diazotroph. The putative non-cyanobacterial diazotroph nitrogen fixation rates (0.76 ± 1.60 fmol N cell−1d−1) suggest that these organisms are capable of fixing dinitrogen in oxygenated surface water, at least when attached to particles, and may contribute to oceanic nitrogen fixation.
Southern Indian Ocean Dipole as a trigger for Central Pacific El Niño since the 2000s
Authors: Jo Hyun-Su , Ham Yoo-Geun , Kug Jong-Seong , Li Tim , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Kim Ji-Gwang , Kim Hyerim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite decades of effort, predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) since the 2000s has become increasingly challenging. This is due to the weaker coupling between the ENSO and well-known precursors in tropical ocean basins, particularly in the Indian Ocean. Here we show that the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD), which is characterized by an east-west-oriented sea surface temperature dipole pattern over the southern Indian Ocean, has become a key precursor of Central Pacific El Niño since the 2000s with a 14-month lead. The role of the SIOD in the subsequent year’s ENSO is distinctive from the equatorial Indian Ocean Dipole mode in that it prolongs the ENSO period. The westward-shifted ENSO has sustained simultaneous SIOD events for longer periods since the 2000s, which leads to weak but persistent westerly anomalies over the western Pacific. This eventually results in the development of the Central Pacific El Niño in the subsequent year.
Validity and reliability of a novel iPhone method to rapidly measure cervical sagittal parameters
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Chunyang , Zhong Weiyang , Zhao Zenghui , Han Fei , Han Zhenghan , Zhang Hang , Huang Tianji , Luo Xiaoji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe introduced a novel method based on the iPhone’s intrinsic photo edit function to measure sagittal parameters of the cervical spine. This study aimed to assess the validity of this new method compared with the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) method (the gold standard) and to test the reliability of this novel technique. One hundred consecutive patients admitted to our hospital diagnosed with cervical spondylotic myelopathy or cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were retrospectively reviewed. Four angles, including the C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1S and neck tilt (NT), were assessed by iPhone and PACS. The validity and reliability were evaluated, and the time taken by both methods was compared. The ICCs of the validity of the C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1S and NT were 0.960, 0.976, 0.980 and 0.946, respectively. The ICCs of the intraobserver reliability of the C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1S and NT were 0.966, 0.983, 0.971 and 0.951, respectively. The ICCs of the interobserver reliability of the C0-2 Cobb angle, C2-7 Cobb angle, T1S and NT were 0.953, 0.972, 0.957 and 0.929, respectively. The Bland‒Altman plot of validity of the four angles revealed mean differences of 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.1 degrees with 95% CIs of 4.1, 4.1, 2.9, and 4.3 degrees, respectively. The iPhone measurement time (58.55 ± 4.17 s) was significantly less than that by the PACS (70.40 ± 2.92 s) when compared by the independent-samples T test (P < 0.001). This novel method using the iPhone’s intrinsic photo edit function is accurate, reliable, fast and convenient when measuring cervical sagittal parameters.
Preliminary study of the accuracy and safety of robot-assisted mandibular distraction osteogenesis with electromagnetic navigation in hemifacial microsomia using rabbit models
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Kim Byeong Seop , Han Wenqing , Sun Mengzhe , Chen Xiaojun , Yan Yingjie , Xu Haisong , Chai Gang , Lin Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the accuracy and safety of mandibular osteotomy and distraction device positioning in distraction osteogenesis assisted by an electromagnetic navigation surgical robot. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups after computed tomography. The control group underwent a procedure based on the preoperative three-dimensional design and clinical experience. Animals in experimental group underwent a procedure with robotic assistance after registration. The accuracies of osteotomy and distraction device positioning were analysed based on distance and angular errors. The change in ramus length after a 1 cm-extension of the distraction device was for assessing distraction effect. The preparation, operative and osteotomy times, intraoperative bleeding, and teeth injury were used for safety assessment. In the experimental group, the distance (t = 2.591, p = 0.011) and angular (t = 4.276, p = 0.002) errors of osteotomy plane, and the errors in distraction device position (t = 3.222, p = 0.009) and direction (t = 4.697, p = 0.001) were lower; the distraction effect was better (t = 4.096, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the osteotomy time and bleeding; however, the overall operative and preparation times were increased in the experimental group, with a reduced rate of teeth damage. Robot-assisted mandibular distraction osteogenesis with electromagnetic navigation in craniofacial microsomia is feasible, safe, significantly improves surgical precision.
Low net carbonate accretion characterizes Florida’s coral reef
Authors: Morris John T. , Enochs Ian C. , Besemer Nicole , Viehman T. Shay , Groves Sarah H. , Blondeau Jeremiah , Ames Cory , Towle Erica K. , Grove Laura Jay W. , Manzello Derek P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoral reef habitat is created when calcium carbonate production by calcifiers exceeds removal by physical and biological erosion. Carbonate budget surveys provide a means of quantifying the framework-altering actions of diverse assemblages of marine species to determine net carbonate production, a single metric that encapsulates reef habitat persistence. In this study, carbonate budgets were calculated for 723 sites across the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) using benthic cover and parrotfish demographic data from NOAA’s National Coral Reef Monitoring Program, as well as high-resolution LiDAR topobathymetry. Results highlight the erosional state of the majority of the study sites, with a trend towards more vulnerable habitat in the northern FRT, especially in the Southeast Florida region (− 0.51 kg CaCO3 m−2 year−1), which is in close proximity to urban centers. Detailed comparison of reef types reveals that mid-channel reefs in the Florida Keys have the highest net carbonate production (0.84 kg CaCO3 m−2 year−1) and indicates that these reefs may be hold-outs for reef development throughout the region. This study reports that Florida reefs, specifically their physical structure, are in a net erosional state. As these reefs lose structure, the ecosystem services they provide will be diminished, signifying the importance of increased protections and management efforts to offset these trends.
Use of synthetic images for training a deep learning model for weed detection and biomass estimation in cotton
Authors: Sapkota Bishwa B. , Popescu Sorin , Rajan Nithya , Leon Ramon G. , Reberg-Horton Chris , Mirsky Steven , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSite-specific treatment of weeds in agricultural landscapes has been gaining importance in recent years due to economic savings and minimal impact on the environment. Different detection methods have been developed and tested for precision weed management systems, but recent developments in neural networks have offered great prospects. However, a major limitation with the neural network models is the requirement of high volumes of data for training. The current study aims at exploring an alternative approach to the use of real images to address this issue. In this study, synthetic images were generated with various strategies using plant instances clipped from UAV-borne real images. In addition, the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) technique was used to generate fake plant instances which were used in generating synthetic images. These images were used to train a powerful convolutional neural network (CNN) known as "Mask R-CNN" for weed detection and segmentation in a transfer learning mode. The study was conducted on morningglories (MG) and grass weeds (Grass) infested in cotton. The biomass for individual weeds was also collected in the field for biomass modeling using detection and segmentation results derived from model inference. Results showed a comparable performance between the real plant-based synthetic image (mean average precision for mask-mAPm: 0.60; mean average precision for bounding box-mAPb: 0.64) and real image datasets (mAPm: 0.80; mAPb: 0.81). However, the mixed dataset (real image + real plant instance-based synthetic image dataset) resulted in no performance gain for segmentation mask whereas a very small performance gain for bounding box (mAPm: 0.80; mAPb: 0.83). Around 40–50 plant instances were sufficient for generating synthetic images that resulted in optimal performance. Row orientation of cotton in the synthetic images was beneficial compared to random-orientation. Synthetic images generated with automatically-clipped plant instances performed similarly to the ones generated with manually-clipped instances. Generative Adversarial Networks-derived fake plant instances-based synthetic images did not perform as effectively as real plant instance-based synthetic images. The canopy mask area predicted weed biomass better than bounding box area with R2values of 0.66 and 0.46 for MG and Grass, respectively. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for guiding future endeavors oriented towards using synthetic images for weed detection and segmentation, and biomass estimation in row crops.
The role of peak serum estradiol level in the prevention of multiple pregnancies in gonadotropin stimulated intrauterine insemination cycles
Authors: Bouet Pierre-Emmanuel , Bruand Mariette , Bellaïche Kevin , Vielle Bruno , Legendre Guillaume , Descamps Philippe , Corroenne Romain , May-Panloup Pascale , El Hachem Hady 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective was to assess whether the measurement of serum estradiol (E2) level on trigger day in controlled ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination (COS-IUI) cycles helps lower the multiple pregnancy (MP) rate. We performed a unicentric observational study. We included all patients who underwent COS-IUI and had a subsequent clinical pregnancy (CP) between 2011 and 2019. Our main outcome measure was the area under Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. We included 455 clinical pregnancies (CP) obtained from 3387 COS-IUI cycles: 418 singletons, 35 twins, and 2 triplets. The CP, MP, and live birth rates were respectively 13.4%, 8.1% and 10.8%. The area under ROC curve for peak serum E2 was 0.60 (0.52–0.69). The mean E2 level was comparable between singletons and MP (260.1 ± 156.1 pg/mL vs. 293.0 ± 133.4 pg/mL, p = 0.21, respectively). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that E2 level was not predictive of MP rate (aOR: 1.13 (0.93–1.37) and 1.06 (0.85–1.32), respectively). Our study shows that, when strict cancelation criteria based on the woman’s age and follicular response on ultrasound are applied, the measurement of peak serum E2 levels does not help reduce the risk of MP in COS-IUI cycles.
Adverse events following administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh , Jokhdar Hani , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. , Al-Otaibi Salah , Assiri Abdullah , Almudarra Sami , Alabdulkareem Khaled , Haji Alhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious studies investigated the frequency of different adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines. However, this study compares these adverse events between the two main COVID-19 vaccines used in Saudi Arabia (Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca) using telemedicine technology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 958 individuals, 7 days after receiving either Pfizer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines during June 2021. Immediate adverse events were reported by 1.04% and 2.09% for Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines, respectively, with no serious events. Recipients of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had a higher percentage of local adverse events (24.8% versus 9.8% in AstraZeneca vaccine). The most common reported systemic adverse events in both vaccines respectively were general fatigue (23.1% and 25.1%), fever (18.5% and 27.2%), myalgia (20.6% and 20.3%), and headache (15.2% and 17.2%). No significant difference was recorded between both vaccines regarding overall systemic adverse events; however, they were more frequent following the first dose of AstraZeneca vaccine compared to Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while the reverse was observed for the second dose. Adverse events were more frequent in females and younger age groups for both vaccines. Most of systemic and local adverse events were mild in nature. Further cohort studies are recommended to investigate the long-term adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines.
Comparative analysis of proximate compositions, mineral and functional chemical groups of 15 different seaweed species
Authors: Premarathna Amal D. , Tuvikene Rando , Fernando P. H. P. , Adhikari Ranjith , Perera M. C. N. , Ranahewa T. H. , Howlader Md Musa , Wangchuk Phurpa , Jayasooriya Anura P. , Rajapakse R. P. V. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeaweed is a popular edible source and is associated with many foods and pharmaceutical industries around the world. The current research aims to provide information on the chemical composition of 15 seaweed species, consisted of Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta/Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyta macroalgae, collected from coastal areas of Sri Lanka. Seaweed samples were subjected to the analysis of lipids, proteins, ash and macro, micro, trace and ultra-trace elements. The highest protein content was recorded in the brown algae. Maximum dietary fiber and ash contents were recorded from green algae. The highest predominant fatty acids were observed from green seaweeds (Caulerparacemosa); however, linoleic acid (C18:2n6) is the dominant fatty acid of all macroalgae. Mineral contents were highest in the red macroalga; however, copper, zinc and magnesium were also comparatively higher in green algaUlvalactuca. In conclusion, 15 seaweed species belonging to the three different classes of seaweeds are investigated in details to obtain their biochemical, mineral and fatty acid compositions for the synthesis of novel therapeutic agents. In order to explore biorefinery processes for these seaweeds, as well as how they can potentially be cultivated, more extensive studies are required. Studying and determining the nutritional values of seaweeds will be beneficial with the potentials for future industrial uses and research.
Potential effects of nano-cellulose and nano-silica/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites in the strengthening of dyed paper manuscripts with madder: an experimental study
Authors: Abdel-Hamied Mostafa , Hassan Rushdya Rabee Ali , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , Ashraf Toka , Mohammed Merihan , Mahmoud Nariman , El-din Yasmin Saad , Ismail Sameh H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the composite cross-linked were used to consolidate the dyed paper manuscripts. Nanocomposites of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MPSNP)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/PVA, which have never been used before, have been evaluated for the consolidation process of the dyed paper manuscripts with madder extract. Three concentrations 1%, 3%, and 5% have been prepared. Analysis and investigation methods like scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), X-Ray diffraction Analysis (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and total color difference (ΔE) by spectrophotometer have been used in order to characterize the prepared nano-sized composites and evaluate the treated dyed paper samples before and after the aging process. The results of surface morphology by SEM revealed the effectiveness of MPSNP/PVA core–shell nanocomposite at 5% in the consolidation process, where the improvement of properties of the aged dyed paper samples. The fibers of the treated paper became strong and appeared clearly. The result of ΔE measurements showed that the treated sample with MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 5% gave the lowest ΔE (5.22), while, the treated sample with CNF/PVA nanocomposite at 5% gave the highest ΔE value (11.66). Mechanical measurements (tensile strength and elongation) revealed the efficiency of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 5% in the treatment of the aged dyed paper samples. The treated sample with the mentioned material gave tensile strength and elongation values of 84.8 N/nm2and 1.736%, respectively. In contrast, the treated sample with CNF/PVA nanocomposite at 1% gave the lowest tensile strength and elongation values 38.2 N/nm2, and 1.166%, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed an increase was noticed in the CH2stretching band (refers to the crystallinity of cellulose), where the intensity of the treated sample with MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite was at a 5% increase compared to the control sample. The FTIR results supported the results of mechanical measurements. The intensity of the CH2stretching band, which refers to the crystallinity index of cellulose, was increased with the use of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 3% and 5%, which explains the improvement in mechanical properties. This may be due to the nano-mineral particles, which improve the mechanical properties. Additionally, they reduce the effect of accelerated thermal aging on the cellulosic fibers and give them stability. The detailed analysis of analytical methods used for evaluation revealed the novelty of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite, especially at 5%. It has a potential role in strengthening and improving different properties of the dyed paper manuscripts with madder extract.
Closed-form continuous-time neural networks
Authors: Hasani Ramin , Lechner Mathias , Amini Alexander , Liebenwein Lucas , Ray Aaron , Tschaikowski Max , Teschl Gerald , Rus Daniela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContinuous-time neural networks are a class of machine learning systems that can tackle representation learning on spatiotemporal decision-making tasks. These models are typically represented by continuous differential equations. However, their expressive power when they are deployed on computers is bottlenecked by numerical differential equation solvers. This limitation has notably slowed down the scaling and understanding of numerous natural physical phenomena such as the dynamics of nervous systems. Ideally, we would circumvent this bottleneck by solving the given dynamical system in closed form. This is known to be intractable in general. Here, we show that it is possible to closely approximate the interaction between neurons and synapses—the building blocks of natural and artificial neural networks—constructed by liquid time-constant networks efficiently in closed form. To this end, we compute a tightly bounded approximation of the solution of an integral appearing in liquid time-constant dynamics that has had no known closed-form solution so far. This closed-form solution impacts the design of continuous-time and continuous-depth neural models. For instance, since time appears explicitly in closed form, the formulation relaxes the need for complex numerical solvers. Consequently, we obtain models that are between one and five orders of magnitude faster in training and inference compared with differential equation-based counterparts. More importantly, in contrast to ordinary differential equation-based continuous networks, closed-form networks can scale remarkably well compared with other deep learning instances. Lastly, as these models are derived from liquid networks, they show good performance in time-series modelling compared with advanced recurrent neural network models.
A ~700 years perspective on the 21st century drying in the eastern part of Europe based on δ18O in tree ring cellulose
Authors: Nagavciuc Viorica , Ionita Monica , Kern Zoltán , McCarroll Danny , Popa Ionel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerical simulations indicate that extreme climate events (e.g., droughts, floods, heat waves) will increase in a warming world, putting enormous pressure on society and political decision-makers. To provide a long-term perspective on the variability of these extreme events, here we use a ~700 years tree-ring oxygen isotope chronology from Eastern Europe, in combination with paleo-reanalysis data, to show that the summer drying over Eastern Europe observed over the last ~150 years is to the best of our knowledge unprecedented over the last 700 years. This drying is driven by a change in the pressure patterns over Europe, characterized by a shift from zonal to a wavier flow around 1850CE, leading to extreme summer droughts and aridification. To our knowledge, this is the first and longest reconstruction of drought variability, based on stable oxygen isotopes in the tree-ring cellulose, for Eastern Europe, helping to fill a gap in the spatial coverage of paleoclimate reconstructions.