bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving the Brazilian ischaemic stroke pathway to a value-based care: introduction of a risk-adjusted cost estimate model for stroke treatment
Authors: Etges Ana Paula Beck da Silva , Marcolino Miriam Allein Zago , Ogliari Leonardo Alves , de Souza Ana Claudia , Zanotto Bruna Stella , Ruschel Renata , Safanelli Juliana , Magalhães Pedro , Diegoli Henrique , Weber Karina Tavares , Araki Ana Paula , Nunes Altacílio , Ponte Neto Octávio Marques , Nabi Junaid , Martins Sheila Ouriques , Polanczyk Carisi Anne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The unsustainable increases in healthcare expenses and waste have motivated the migration of reimbursement strategies from volume to value. Value-based healthcare requires detailed comprehension of cost information at the patient level. This study introduces a clinical risk- and outcome-adjusted cost estimate model for stroke care sustained on time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC). In a cohort and multicentre study, a TDABC tool was developed to evaluate the costs per stroke patient, allowing us to identify and describe differences in cost by clinical risk at hospital arrival, treatment strategies and modified Rankin Score (mRS) at discharge. The clinical risk was confirmed by multivariate analysis and considered patients’ National Institute for Health Stroke Scale and age. Descriptive cost analyses were conducted, followed by univariate and multivariate models to evaluate the risk levels, therapies and mRS stratification effect in costs. Then, the risk-adjusted cost estimate model for ischaemic stroke treatment was introduced. All the hospitals collected routine prospective data from consecutive patients admitted with ischaemic stroke diagnosis confirmed. A total of 822 patients were included. The median cost was I$2210 (interquartile range: I$1163–4504). Fifty percent of the patients registered a favourable outcome mRS (0–2), costing less at all risk levels, while patients with the worst mRS (5–6) registered higher costs. Those undergoing mechanical thrombectomy had an incremental cost for all three risk levels, but this difference was lower for high-risk patients. Estimated costs were compared to observed costs per risk group, and there were no significant differences in most groups, validating the risk and outcome-adjusted cost estimate model. By introducing a risk-adjusted cost estimate model, this study elucidates how healthcare delivery systems can generate local cost information to support value-based reimbursement strategies employing the data collection instruments and analysis developed in this study.
Control and optimization of workforce outsourcing decisions
Authors: Nilakantan Kannan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith outsourcing of work having become ubiquitous, and more importantly, given its potential to become controversial, the need for such outsourcing decisions to be drafted carefully, managed effectively and controlled accurately cannot be underscored. In this context, this paper has constructed a mathematical model of organizations with ‘outsource’ employees to study the problem of the monitoring and control of the extent of outsourcing, and the number and distribution of outsource manpower. Control policies for maintaining desired blends of internal and outsource manpower have been mathematically derived, thereby obviating the need for further statistical validation. The cost savings that could be expected to accrue due to outsourcing, as also the problem of optimal outsourcing have been investigated and illustrated with numerical examples. This paper thereby studies a problem of contemporary relevance and importance, and organizations could use the suggested models as a decision-making tool, to generate alternative trade-off scenarios between cost savings due to outsourcing on the one hand, and the need to restrict the extent of outsourcing on the other.
Pursuing Quantum Difference Equations II: 3D mirror symmetry
Authors: Kononov Yakov , Smirnov Andrey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Let $\textsf {X}$ and $\textsf {X}^{!}$ be a pair of symplectic varieties dual with respect to 3D mirror symmetry. The $K$-theoretic limit of the elliptic duality interface is an equivariant $K$-theory class $\mathfrak {m} \in K(\textsf {X}\times \textsf {X}^{!})$. We show that this class provides correspondences $$ \begin{align*} & \Phi_{\mathfrak{m}}: K(\textsf{X}) \leftrightarrows K(\textsf{X}^{!}) \end{align*}$$mapping the $K$-theoretic stable envelopes to the $K$-theoretic stable envelopes. This construction allows us to relate various representation theoretic objects of $K(\textsf {X})$, such as action of quantum groups, quantum dynamical Weyl groups, $R$-matrices, etc., to those for $K(\textsf {X}^{!})$. In particular, we relate the wall $R$-matrices of $\textsf {X}$ to the $R$-matrices of the dual variety $\textsf {X}^{!}$. As an example, we apply our results to $\textsf {X}=\textrm {Hilb}^{n}({{\mathbb {C}}}^2)$—the Hilbert scheme of $n$ points in the complex plane. In this case, we arrive at the conjectures of Gorsky and Negut from [10].
When AI moderates online content: effects of human collaboration and interactive transparency on user trust
Authors: Molina Maria D , Sundar S Shyam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Given the scale of user-generated content online, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to flag problematic posts is inevitable, but users do not trust such automated moderation of content. We explore if (a) involving human moderators in the curation process and (b) affording “interactive transparency,” wherein users participate in curation, can promote appropriate reliance on AI. We test this through a 3 (Source: AI, Human, Both) × 3 (Transparency: No Transparency, Transparency-Only, Interactive Transparency) × 2 (Classification Decision: Flagged, Not Flagged) between-subjects online experiment (N = 676) involving classification of hate speech and suicidal ideation. We discovered that users trust AI for the moderation of content just as much as humans, but it depends on the heuristic that is triggered when they are told AI is the source of moderation. We also found that allowing users to provide feedback to the algorithm enhances trust by increasing user agency.
Indebted Impunity and Violence in a Lesser State: Ethno-Racial Capitalism in Sri Lanka
Authors: Xavier Sujith , Bhatia Amar , Smith Adrian A 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
This article examines the relationship between colonialism, capitalism, and violence in Sri Lanka through the combined lenses of international economic law (IEL) and transitional justice. We argue that colonialism instantiates vicious cycles in the histories of violence of ethno-racial capitalism through the creation of states with debts that can never be repaid. This system of ‘indebted impunity’ persists even under ‘new’ Southern sovereigns. We illustrate how IEL and transitional justice are co-constitutive in maintaining international law’s racial hierarchies, while pursuing the construction of racial hierarchies that precipitate ethno-racial capitalist formations, and violence, in Sri Lanka. We first attend to the emergence of international law with racial capitalism as a story of sustained violence, where offshoots like IEL and transitional justice remain tied to the foundational violence in ways that cannot be reformed away. The final section examines the colonial transformation of Sri Lanka, focusing on the British Empire’s role in configuring ethno-racial communities, to consider how IEL and transitional justice work together to maintain this cycle. We observe that indebted impunity persists as a structural condition even when the ‘white’ colonial masters have formally departed, and ‘brown’ differentially racialized compatriots become the ones in charge.
Contributions of CO2-Baited Malaise-Type Traps to the Knowledge of Hematophagous and Oestrid Flies (Diptera: Oestridae) Parasitizing Cervid Hosts
Authors: Anderson John R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This review describes an innovative and efficient modification of a type of Malaise trap meme overlooked in a recent review of such insect traps. It further identifies the large variety of dipteran parasites of vertebrates caught in the traps when CO2 was added as an attractant that otherwise rarely were caught in unbaited traps. Baited trap catches of parasitic flies mimicked those caught attacking cervid hosts. This review particularly focuses on comprehensive studies of: 1) several hematophagous species of largely unknown snipe flies (Diptera: Rhagionidae: Symphoromyia [Artiodactyla: Cervidae]) found host specific for Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Richardson), and 2) the biology of oestrid fly (Diptera: Oestridae) parasites of black-tailed deer and caribou/reindeer [Rangifer tarandus (L.) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)], after it was discovered that the non-hematophagous females are guided to their vertebrate hosts by tracking a source of CO2, as done by many hematophagous flies.
Sociodemographic Survival Disparities for Lung Cancer in the United States, 2000-2016
Authors: Brouwer Andrew F , Engle Jason M , Jeon Jihyoun , Meza Rafael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the impact of patient and tumor characteristics on lung cancer survival can help build personalized prognostic models and identify health disparities.MethodsWe identified 557 555 patients aged 25 years and older diagnosed with lung or bronchus carcinoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 2000-2016. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for demographic (sex, age, race and ethnicity), tumor (stage, histology, year of diagnosis), and geographic characteristics (census tract–level urbanicity, socioeconomic status [SES]), as well as selected interactions, on the rate of lung cancer–specific death using multivariable proportional hazards models.ResultsWomen had a higher survival (lower hazard) of lung cancer–specific death than men (HR = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82 to 0.83). Hazards differed by race and ethnicity. Regional (HR = 2.41, 95% CI = 2.37 to 2.44) and distant (HR = 6.61, 95% CI = 6.53 to 6.69) tumors were associated with a lower survival (higher hazard) than localized tumors. Small cell tumors were associated with a lower survival (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.20) than non–small cell tumors. Patients diagnosed after 2009 had lower hazards (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 085 to 0.86) than those diagnosed 2000-2009. Lung cancer–specific survival did not depend on urbanicity after adjusting for census tract–level SES, but survival decreased with decreasing census tract–level SES. Differences in survival between non-Hispanic Black and White patients were greater for younger patients and localized tumors and increased with census tract–level SES. Differences by sex were greatest for young patients and localized tumors.ConclusionsDisparities in survival after lung cancer diagnosis remain, with intersectional patterns suggesting differential access to and quality of care. Efforts are needed to ensure that high-risk groups receive guideline-concordant treatment.
Eplerenone reduces renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury by modulating Klotho, NF-κB and SIRT1/SIRT3/PGC-1α signalling pathways
Authors: Barati Alireza , Rahbar Saadat Yalda , Meybodi Seyed Mohammadmahdi , Nouraei Sana , Moradi Kimia , Kamrani Moghaddam Farid , Malekinejad Zahra , Hosseiniyan Khatibi Seyed Mahdi , Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Bagheri Yasin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden impairment in kidney function that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment and energy depletion, along with organ dysfunction are hallmarks of AKI. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Eplerenone, an aldosterone receptor antagonist, on the kidney injury caused by ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Methods
Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly allocated into four groups: sham, IR, Eplerenone and Eplerenone+IR. Rats in the two last groups 1 h before I/R induction, were treated with Eplerenone (100 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. Protein levels of Klotho, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), SIRT3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) along with antioxidant, apoptotic (caspase 3, Bax and Bcl2) and inflammatory [nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] factors were evaluated in the kidney tissues of the experimental groups.

Key findings
Eplerenone pre-treatment significantly could improve IR-induced pathological changes and kidney function and increase the renal antioxidant factors compared to the IR group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, in the Eplerenone + IR group, significant elevation of the Klotho, SIRT1, SIRT3 and PGC-1α at the protein level was identified compared to the IR group. Eplerenone pretreatment could not only downregulate NF-κB signalling and its downstream inflammatory factors (IL-6, COX-2 and TNF-α) but also could decrease apoptotic factors (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions
The results recommended that Eplerenone exerts a protective effect against kidney IR injury by up-regulating Klotho, HSP70, sirtuins and PGC-1α to preserve mitochondrial function and cell survival. Moreover, it hinders renal inflammation by suppressing NF-κB signalling. These results offer insight into the prevention or treatment of AKI in the future.
Topological magnetoelectric response in ferromagnetic axion insulators
Authors: Wan Yuhao , Li Jiayu , Liu Qihang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The topological magnetoelectric effect (TME) is a hallmark response of the topological field theory, which provides a paradigm shift in the study of emergent topological phenomena. However, its direct observation is yet to be realized due to the demanding magnetic configuration required to gap all surface states. Here, we theoretically propose that axion insulators with a simple ferromagnetic configuration, such as the MnBi2Te4/(Bi2Te3)n family, provide an ideal playground to realize the TME. In the designed triangular prism geometry, all the surface states are magnetically gapped. Under a vertical electric field, the surface Hall currents give rise to a nearly half-quantized orbital moment, accompanied by a gapless chiral hinge mode circulating in parallel. Thus, the orbital magnetization from the two topological origins can be easily distinguished by reversing the electric field. Our work paves the way for direct observation of the TME in realistic axion-insulator materials.
Non-contact real-time detection of trace nitro-explosives by MOF composites visible-light chemiresistor
Authors: Deng Wei-Hua , Yao Ming-Shui , Zhang Min-Yi , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Otake Kenichi , Wang Bo , Li Chun-Sen , Xu Gang , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To create an artificial structure to remarkably surpass the sensitivity, selectivity and speed of the olfaction system of animals is still a daunting challenge. Herein, we propose a core-sheath pillar (CSP) architecture with a perfect synergistic interface that effectively integrates the advantages of metal–organic frameworks and metal oxides to tackle the above-mentioned challenge. The sheath material, NH2-MIL-125, can concentrate target analyte, nitro-explosives, by 1012 times from its vapour. The perfect band-matched synergistic interface enables the TiO2 core to effectively harvest and utilize visible light. At room temperature and under visible light, CSP (TiO2, NH2-MIL-125) shows an unexpected self-promoting analyte-sensing behaviour. Its experimentally reached limit of detection (∼0.8 ppq, hexogeon) is 103 times lower than the lowest one achieved by a sniffer dog or all sensing techniques without analyte pre-concentration. Moreover, the sensor exhibits excellent selectivity against commonly existing interferences, with a short response time of 0.14 min.
Dinitrogen cleavage and hydrogenation to ammonia with a uranium complex
Authors: Xin Xiaoqing , Douair Iskander , Zhao Yue , Wang Shuao , Maron Laurent , Zhu Congqing 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The Haber–Bosch process produces ammonia (NH3) from dinitrogen (N2) and dihydrogen (H2), but requires high temperature and pressure. Before iron-based catalysts were exploited in the current industrial Haber–Bosch process, uranium-based materials served as effective catalysts for production of NH3 from N2. Although some molecular uranium complexes are known to be capable of combining with N2, further hydrogenation with H2 forming NH3 has not been reported to date. Here, we describe the first example of N2 cleavage and hydrogenation with H2 to NH3 with a molecular uranium complex. The N2 cleavage product contains three uranium centers that are bridged by three imido μ2-NH ligands and one nitrido μ3-N ligand. Labeling experiments with 15N demonstrate that the nitrido ligand in the product originates from N2. Reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with H2 or H+ forms NH3 under mild conditions. A synthetic cycle has been established by the reaction of the N2-cleaved complex with trimethylsilyl chloride. The isolation of this trinuclear imido-nitrido product implies that a multi-metallic uranium assembly plays an important role in the activation of N2.
Occupational recovery of Dutch workers with low back pain
Authors: Brus I , Speklé E , Kuijer P P , Hardenberg M , Coenen P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Low back pain (LBP) is a world leading cause of disability and has substantial impact on individuals and society as a whole. The largest part of the societal burden of LBP is caused by indirect costs, including sick leave.

Aims
We aimed to describe occupational recovery and associated costs for workers consulting an occupational physician (OP) with LBP, and to determine to what extent this differs by diagnoses: non-specific favourable LBP, non-specific unfavourable LBP, lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS) and specific LBP.

Methods
We analysed longitudinal dynamic cohort data from an occupational health service, representing ~1.2 million workers from various companies and sectors throughout the Netherlands. The OP registered data on sick leave and LBP diagnoses. A survival analysis was performed on sick leave duration to determine recovery and a linear regression analysis on cost per episode, adjusting for sex, age and working hours.

Results
We analysed 5951 LBP episodes from 5472 workers who consulted an OP, with a median and mean duration sick leave of 95 and 151 days, respectively. The probability of not recovering was 82% at 30 days and 10% at 1 year. The mean cost per episode was €15 350. Specific LBP (€22 999; beta (95% confidence interval [CI]): 16 278 (13 325–19 165)) and LRS (€20 111; beta (95% CI): 13 589 (12 527–14 659)) had the longest and most costly episodes, compared to non-specific favourable LBP (€6745; reference group).

Conclusions
With LRS and non-specific unfavourable LBP accounting for over 83% of LBP-associated sick leave costs, the work-directed care of workers with these two diagnoses deserves increased attention.
Missed Opportunity: The Unseen Driver for Low Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Rates in Underserved Patients
Authors: Campagnoli Tania , Mohan Geetika , Taddese Nigist , Santhiraj Yaveen , Margeta Natasa , Alvi Saad , Jabbar Umair , Bobba Aniesh , Alharash Jihad , Hoffman Michael J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus have been available since December 2020. Vaccination rates among hospitalized patients at our institution remained low at approximately 40%, thus we sought to understand the drivers of vaccine hesitancy in our patient population.

Methods
All unvaccinated adult patients admitted to our hospital were asked to participate in a survey to assess coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy. Updated vaccination status was collected at the end of the study.

Results
Ninety-seven patients agreed to participate, 34% of which were SARS-CoV-2 positive based on results from polymerase chain reaction tests. Of the 64 participants eligible to receive the vaccine, 57.8% were agreeable but only 27% received the vaccine before discharge.

Conclusion
Many patients are willing to receive the vaccine, and hospitalization provides a unique opportunity to interact with patients who have been otherwise unaware, unable, or unwilling to pursue vaccination outside of the hospital.
Impact of Implementing the Cerebrospinal Fluid FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel on Duration of Intravenous Acyclovir Treatment
Authors: Clague Madison , Kim Carla , Zucker Jason , Green Daniel A , Sun Yifei , Whittier Susan , Thakur Kiran T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Herpes simplex virus–1 is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis worldwide and requires prompt antiviral treatment. Traditionally, herpes simplex virus–1 (HSV-1) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing is conducted using standalone polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The BioFire CSF FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel (BioFire ME Panel) was introduced in 2015 at our institution, providing an alternative method of HSV-1 CSF testing. This study assesses the impact of the BioFire ME Panel on duration of intravenous acyclovir treatment.

Methods
A retrospective review of electronic medical records between 2010 and 2019 was performed. Information on intravenous acyclovir treatment and HSV-1 CSF testing was collected and analyzed. Our descriptive analysis included Mann-Whitney tests, 2 proportion Z-tests, and logistic regression.

Results
Our CSF HSV-1-negative cohort included 524 BioFire patients (125 pediatric, 399 adult) and 287 standalone PCR patients (115 pediatric, 172 adult). Across both pediatric and adult groups, patients who were tested for HSV-1 with the BioFire ME Panel had shorter average (SD) durations of intravenous acyclovir treatment (pediatric: 2.00 [5.71] days; adult: 3.26 [6.59] days) compared with patients tested with standalone PCR (pediatric: 4.83 [8.62] days; adult: 4.93 [8.46] days; P &lt; .001). Time from lumbar puncture collection to HSV-1 results was additionally faster on average for the BioFire ME Panel than the standalone PCR (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The implementation of the BioFire ME Panel shortened CSF HSV-1 PCR result time and intravenous acyclovir duration. The shortened treatment and testing times from the BioFire ME Panel implementation may reduce hospital treatment costs and unnecessary use of antiviral treatments.