bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wall Julia , Meehan William P , Trompeter Katharina , Gissane Conor , Mockler David , van Dyk Nicol , Wilson Fiona 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and morphological presentations of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies evaluating the incidence and/or prevalence of LBP in adolescent athletes across all sports.ResultsThere were 80 studies included. The pooled incidence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 11% (95% CI 8% to 13%, I2=0%) for 2 years, 36.0% (95% CI 4% to 68%, I2=99.3%) for 12 months and 14% (95% CI 7% to 22%, I2=76%) for 6 months incidence estimates. The pooled prevalence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 42% (95% CI 29% to 55%, I2=96.6%) for last 12 months, 46% (95% CI 41.0% to 52%, I2=56%) for last 3 months and 16% (95% CI 9% to 23%, I2=98.3%) for point prevalence. Potential risk factors were sport participation, sport volume/intensity, concurrent lower extremity pain, overweight/high body mass index, older adolescent age, female sex and family history of LBP. The most common morphology reported was spondylolysis. Methodological quality was deemed high in 73% of cross-sectional studies and in 30% of cohort studies. Common reasons for downgrading at quality assessment were use of non-validated survey instruments and imprecision or absence of LBP definition.Summary/conclusionLBP is common among adolescent athletes, although incidence and prevalence vary considerably due to differences in study methodology, definitions of LBP and data collection.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020157206.
Different words, same message
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: September 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
All good writers (and by extension public speakers) who stop to reflect on what makes them so good generally come to the same conclusions. However, the way they express these common conclusions can be quite different. One formulation of a key idea may strike a responsive chord with one reader but not with another. To improve one's writing and speaking skills, it is therefore useful, in fact imperative, to seek out and evaluate the advice of at least two or more professionals.
Novel Approach to Visualize Microglia Death and Proliferation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice
Authors: Ye Fenghui , Yang Jinting , Hua Ya , Keep Richard F. , Xi Guohua 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Microglia are important brain immune cells. However, it is difficult to differentiate microglia from monocyte-derived macrophages. To visualize microglia changes following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), we utilized a genetic knock-in mouse line, Tmem119 (transmembrane protein 119)-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein), which expresses EGFP specifically in microglia.

Methods:
There were 2 parts in this study. First, autologous blood was injected into the right basal ganglia to model ICH in Tmem119-EGFP mice. Mice were euthanized at 4 hours, days 1, 3, and 7 after ICH. Sham animals were used as controls. Second, Tmem119-EGFP mice were injected with iron or thrombin, factors involved in ICH-induced injury, and were euthanized at 4 hours. Naïve mice were controls. Brains were harvested for histology.

Results:
The number of perihematomal microglia significantly decreased 1 day after ICH, but markedly increased by days 3 and 7. Microglia death was also induced by intracerebral iron injection while microglia proliferation was found with intracerebral thrombin injection.

Conclusions:
Perihematomal microglia death and proliferation after ICH are visualized in vivo with a Tmem119-EGFP transgenic mouse line. Iron and thrombin may contribute to ICH-induced microglia death and proliferation, respectively.
It Takes Two Flints to Make a Fire: Multitask Learning of Neural Relation and Explanation Classifiers
Authors: Tang Zheng , Surdeanu Mihai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose an explainable approach for relation extraction that mitigates the tension between generalization and explainability by jointly training for the two goals. Our approach uses a multi-task learning architecture, which jointly trains a classifier for relation extraction, and a sequence model that labels words in the context of the relations that explain the decisions of the relation classifier. We also convert the model outputs to rules to bring global explanations to this approach. This sequence model is trained using a hybrid strategy: supervised, when supervision from pre-existing patterns is available, and semi-supervised otherwise. In the latter situation, we treat the sequence model’s labels as latent variables, and learn the best assignment that maximizes the performance of the relation classifier. We evaluate the proposed approach on the two datasets and show that the sequence model provides labels that serve as accurate explanations for the relation classifier’s decisions, and, importantly, that the joint training generally improves the performance of the relation classifier. We also evaluate the performance of the generated rules and show that the new rules are a great add-on to the manual rules and bring the rule-based system much closer to the neural models.
‘Activism is not a Crime’: Confronting Counterinsurgency in the Filipino Diaspora
Authors: Sales Joy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article historicizes the transnational counterinsurgency that the U.S.-Philippine governments have conducted against diasporic Filipino/a/x activists. In examining the period of the Cold War to the early 2020s, it makes a case for recognizing existing continuities of counterinsurgency tactics targeted at Filipinos in the United States, such as extradition, deportation, surveillance, and assassination. The Philippine state’s resort to red-baiting during the Cold War and contemporary “red-tagging” has aimed at the elimination of communism and terrorism at home and beyond its national borders, at the expense of human rights. This long history of counterinsurgency also highlights the acceleration and formalization of diasporic Filipino organizations dedicated to promoting democracy in the Philippines during the period of martial law under President Ferdinand E. Marcos, showing how diasporic Filipinos organized opposition not only to dictatorship, but also U.S. support for violent regimes. The transnational opposition against Marcos and then President Rodrigo R. Duterte has characterized diasporic Filipinos as a primary component of democratic movements in both the United States and the Philippines who have linked domestic racial oppression to U.S. imperialism and state fascism in the Philippines.
‘Charging’ a Confirmation Sermon with Suspense
Authors: Norheim Bård Eirik Hallesby 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The feeling of boredom during a speech is not a new phenomenon, but in a late modern information society this challenge is intensified. This article explores what sort of rhetorical opening strategy which may ‘charge’ a sermon with an appropriate suspense to help the congregation to remain attentive throughout the sermon. The article analyses a selective, digital sample of video recorded confirmation sermons from Church of Norway confirmation services in 2020. Drawing on theories on suspense, attention, and boredom, the article uses classical rhetorical theory on the different styles of speech to suggest three possible rhetorical opening strategies for a preacher who wants to ‘charge’ a (confirmation) sermon with a relevant suspense, that of the teacher, the poet, and the prophet.
The Managed Body and Heart: An Empirical Study on School Management and Teachers’ Emotional Labor in Chinese Counties
Authors: Hu Penghui , Du Shasha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
County school education has a profound impact on social class upgrading in China’s rural areas, where teachers are the core actors in this field yet have not been paid enough attention. This study, through ethnography, focuses on county teachers as subjective actors who are embedded in the background of Chinese educational bureaucratic management mode and educational marketization. Under a pressure of college enrolment rates and students’ quality degrading in county high schools, the teachers are facing the situation of being managed both mentally and physically. Teachers’ mind has been highly influenced by Daily Performance, College Entrance Examination Quality Assessment and Title Evaluation Systems. Meanwhile, they have to obey the systems of Punching-in and Homework Review Registration & Supervision to maintain physical presence. However, without hope, these lead to the loss of professional passion of teachers, and teachers show a state of negative emotional labor.
The Relationship between Authentic Leadership and Teacher Knowledge Sharing in China: The Mediating Role of Teachers’ Social-Emotional Competence
Authors: Zhang Wangying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Knowledge sharing among teachers is a core resource for building the competitiveness of school organizations. At present, school administrators pay more and more attention to building a knowledge-sharing platform for teachers and try to improve the level of knowledge sharing among teachers. However, in reality, the knowledge sharing among teachers in Chinese primary and secondary schools is still at a low level. In the school context, it is worth exploring how to effectively stimulate teachers’ knowledge-sharing. This study builds a research framework based on Bandura’s reciprocal determinism, and the results of an empirical study of 628 teachers in Beijing, China, found that (1) principal authentic leadership significantly positive predicted teacher knowledge sharing; (2) teachers’ social-emotional competence played a significant role in promoting teacher knowledge sharing; (3) teachers’ social-emotional competence played a partially mediating role between authentic leadership and teacher knowledge sharing, the mediating effect was 31.81%.
A Wavenumber–Frequency Spectrum Model for Sheared Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows
Authors: Ali Naseem , Mellado Juan Pedro , Wilczek Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parameterizing turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer as a function of space and time is essential for weather and climate models. Here, we explore a model for wavenumber–frequency spectra based on a linear random advection approach to characterize sheared convective atmospheric boundary layer flows. Building on previous works, we obtain the wavenumber–frequency spectrum as a product of the wavenumber spectrum and a Gaussian frequency distribution, whose mean and variance are given by the mean advection and random sweeping velocities, respectively. The applicability of the model is tested with direct numerical simulation data in the mixed layer and the entrainment zone for the streamwise and vertical velocity components and buoyancy. To obtain a fully analytical model, we propose using a von Kármán wavenumber spectrum parameterized by the characteristic variances and integral length scales. These parameters are height dependent and vary considerably with the relative balance of buoyancy and shear forces. The introduced analytical model relies on fitting parameters obtained from numerical data in the relevant range of scales. The comparison of the von Kármán–based spectra for velocity and buoyancy to simulation results shows that the main features of the measured spectra are captured by the model.
Organizing the bacterial annotation space with amino acid sequence embeddings
Authors: Grigson Susanna R. , McKerral Jody C. , Mitchell James G. , Edwards Robert A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to the ever-expanding gap between the number of proteins being discovered and their functional characterization, protein function inference remains a fundamental challenge in computational biology. Currently, known protein annotations are organized in human-curated ontologies, however, all possible protein functions may not be organized accurately. Meanwhile, recent advancements in natural language processing and machine learning have developed models which embed amino acid sequences as vectors in n-dimensional space. So far, these embeddings have primarily been used to classify protein sequences using manually constructed protein classification schemes.

Results
In this work, we describe the use of amino acid sequence embeddings as a systematic framework for studying protein ontologies. Using a sequence embedding, we show that the bacterial carbohydrate metabolism class within the SEED annotation system contains 48 clusters of embedded sequences despite this class containing 29 functional labels. Furthermore, by embedding Bacillus amino acid sequences with unknown functions, we show that these unknown sequences form clusters that are likely to have similar biological roles.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that amino acid sequence embeddings may be a powerful tool for developing more robust ontologies for annotating protein sequence data. In addition, embeddings may be beneficial for clustering protein sequences with unknown functions and selecting optimal candidate proteins to characterize experimentally.
Exposure to socio-political unrest and wellbeing of older people in Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Daniel W. L. , Liu Emma H. S. , Yan Elsie C. W. , Li Jessica J. , Lee Vincent W. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe social unrest in the second half of 2019 in Hong Kong came with conflicts, confrontations, and violence which affected almost everyone in the city. The destruction and disruption of the urban facilities have undoubtedly had a significant impact on the lives and mental well-being of the public, and the older people are even more vulnerable. This study examined the impacts of the social unrest on the wellbeing of older people, an area that was seldomly addressed in the public discourse and literature.MethodsNarrative interviews were conducted to capture older people’s lived experiences and ways of making sense of the unrest in Hong Kong. A total of 63 participants aged 60 and above was recruited through personal networks of the research team, and referrals by participants who took part in the interviews. Qualitative semi-structure interviews was conducted one on one via telephone.ResultsThirty-three male and 30 female participants took part in the interview. The number of participants from different risk zones affected by political unrest was comparable. Three themes were generated. Participants experienced challenges during the social unrest, including disturbance to family and social life, reduced incomes which affect quality of life, and difficulties in socializing with friends and accessing medical services. The social unrest caused emotional disturbance, giving rise to feelings of panic, fear, insomnia, depression, annoyance, and anger. Participants reported different coping strategies, ranging from moving to other places, to avoiding going to risky areas and watching news.ConclusionSocial unrest brings emotional distress to older people. In many cases, older people cope with challenges in different ways, whether active or passive. Social workers and other professionals should give more support to older people to encourage them to overcome their difficulties. The stakeholders’ awareness of the problem and mental health promotion is required to alleviate the multiple layers of negative impacts.
Growing old with antiretroviral therapy or elderly people in antiretroviral therapy: two different profiles of comorbidity?
Authors: Maggi Paolo , De Socio Giuseppe Vittorio , Menzaghi Barbara , Molteni Chiara , Squillace Nicola , Taramasso Lucia , Guastavigna Marta , Gamboni Giulia , Madeddu Giordano , Vichi Francesca , Cascio Antonio , Sarchi Eleonora , Pellicanò Giovanni , Martinelli Canio Vito , Celesia Benedetto Maurizio , Valsecchi Laura , Gulminetti Roberto , Cenderello Giovanni , Parisini Andrea , Calza Leonardo , Falasca Katia , Orofino Giancarlo , Ricci Elena , Di Biagio Antonio , Bonfanti Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
In persons living with HIV (PLWH), the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases increased over time, because of aging associated with chronic inflammation, systemic immune activation, and long-term exposure to the combination antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods
To explore the association of chronological age, age at first ART, and exposure to ART with non-communicable chronic diseases, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in patients enrolled in the SCOLTA Project, stratified by groups of chronological age (50–59 and 60–69 years) and by years of antiretroviral treatment (ART, ≤ 3 or > 3 years).

Results
In 1394 subjects (23.8% women), mean age at enrollment was 57.4 (SD 6.5) years, and at first ART 45.3 (SD 10.7). Men were older than women both at enrollment (57.6 vs 56.8, p = 0.06) and at first ART (45.8 vs 43.6, p = 0.0009). ART duration was longer in women (13.1 vs 11.7 years, p = 0.01). The age- and sex-adjusted rate ratios (aRRs, and 95% confidence interval, CI) showed that longer ART exposure was associated with dyslipidemia (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.20–1.52), hypertension (aRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22–1.89), liver disease (aRR 1.78, 95% CI 1.32–2.41), osteopenia/osteoporosis (aRR 2.88, 95% CI 1.65–5.03) and multimorbidity (aRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.21–1.54). These findings were confirmed in strata of age, adjusting for sex.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that longer ART exposure was associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and osteopenia/osteoporosis, hence the presence of multimorbidity, possibly due to the exposition to more toxic antiretrovirals. We observed different comorbidities, according to ART exposure and age.
Development and validation of algorithms to identify patients with chronic kidney disease and related chronic diseases across the Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Chen Winnie , Abeyaratne Asanga , Gorham Gillian , George Pratish , Karepalli Vijay , Tran Dan , Brock Christopher , Cass Alan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectronic health records can be used for population-wide identification and monitoring of disease. The Territory Kidney Care project developed algorithms to identify individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and several commonly comorbid chronic diseases. This study aims to describe the development and validation of our algorithms for CKD, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. A secondary aim of the study was to describe data completeness of the Territory Kidney Care database.MethodsThe Territory Kidney Care database consolidates electronic health records from multiple health services including public hospitals (n = 6) and primary care health services (> 60) across the Northern Territory, Australia. Using the database (n = 48,569) we selected a stratified random sample of patients (n = 288), which included individuals with mild to end-stage CKD. Diagnostic accuracy of the algorithms was tested against blinded manual chart reviews. Data completeness of the database was also described.ResultsFor CKD defined as CKD stage 1 or higher (eGFR of any level with albuminuria or persistent eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.732, including renal replacement therapy) overall algorithm sensitivity was 93% (95%CI 89 to 96%) and specificity was 73% (95%CI 64 to 82%). For CKD defined as CKD stage 3a or higher (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.732) algorithm sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 97% respectively. Among the CKD 1 to 5 staging algorithms, the CKD stage 5 algorithm was most accurate with > 99% sensitivity and specificity. For related comorbidities – algorithm sensitivity and specificity results were 75% and 97% for diabetes; 85% and 88% for hypertension; and 79% and 96% for cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsWe developed and validated algorithms to identify CKD and related chronic diseases within electronic health records. Validation results showed that CKD algorithms have a high degree of diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional administrative codes. Our highly accurate algorithms present new opportunities in early kidney disease detection, monitoring, and epidemiological research.
Factors associated with 5-min APGAR score, death and survival in neonatal intensive care: a case-control study
Authors: Tavares Victória Brioso , e Souza Josiel de Souza , Affonso Márcio Vinicius de Gouveia , Da Rocha Emerson Souza , Rodrigues Lucio Flavio Garcia , da Costa Moraes Luciana de Fátima , dos Santos Coelho Gabrielly Cristiny , Araújo Sabrina Souza , das Neves Pablo Fabiano Moura , Gomes Fabiana de Campos , de Melo-Neto João Simão 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The 5-minute APGAR score is clinically used as a screening tool to assess how the newborn has reacted to previous care, remaining relevant for predicting neonatal survival. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of the 5th minute APGAR score, and the factors associated with the death and survival of newborns with low APGAR scores hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a referral public hospital in North Brazil.

Methods
This was a hospital-based retrospective case-control study with 277 medical records. Newborns who presented with a 1-minute APGAR score < 7 followed by a 5-minute APGAR score < 7 were considered cases, while a score ≥ 7 was categorized as controls. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to establish the determinant factors of the low APGAR score and death outcome in this group. Survival curves were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and then univariate and multivariate Cox regression was performed.

Results
After adjusted analysis, the factor associated with low APGAR scores was vaginal delivery (OR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.60–6.62, p = 0.001). Birth injury (OR = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.19–0.83, p = 0.014) was associated with upper APGAR scores. No significant independent associations were observed between the variables analyzed and death in the low APGAR score group. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that individuals who presented Cesarean delivery had a shorter survival time in the ICU.

Conclusion
In this setting, a 5-minute Apgar score < 7 was associated with the occurrence of vaginal delivery and birth injury with a 5-minute Apgar score ≥ 7. Survival in ICU was lower in newborns that were delivered via cesarean section.