bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kondo quasiparticle dynamics observed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
Authors: Rahn M. C. , Kummer K. , Hariki A. , Ahn K.-H. , Kuneš J. , Amorese A. , Denlinger J. D. , Lu D.-H. , Hashimoto M. , Rienks E. , Valvidares M. , Haslbeck F. , Byler D. D. , McClellan K. J. , Bauer E. D. , Zhu J. X. , Booth C. H. , Christianson A. D. , Lawrence J. M. , Ronning F. , Janoschek M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEffective models focused on pertinent low-energy degrees of freedom have substantially contributed to our qualitative understanding of quantum materials. An iconic example, the Kondo model, was key to demonstrating that the rich phase diagrams of correlated metals originate from the interplay of localized and itinerant electrons. Modern electronic structure calculations suggest that to achieve quantitative material-specific models, accurate consideration of the crystal field and spin-orbit interactions is imperative. This poses the question of how local high-energy degrees of freedom become incorporated into a collective electronic state. Here, we use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) on CePd3 to clarify the fate of all relevant energy scales. We find that even spin-orbit excited states acquire pronounced momentum-dependence at low temperature—the telltale sign of hybridization with the underlying metallic state. Our results demonstrate how localized electronic degrees of freedom endow correlated metals with new properties, which is critical for a microscopic understanding of superconducting, electronic nematic, and topological states.
ChAd155-RSV vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious against bovine RSV infection-induced disease in young calves
Authors: de Jong Rineke , Stockhofe-Zurwieden Norbert , Bonsing Judith , Wang Kai-Fen , Vandepaer Sarah , Bouzya Badiaa , Toussaint Jean-François , Dieussaert Ilse , Song Haifeng , Steff Ann-Muriel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes a substantial lower-respiratory-tract disease burden in infants, constituting a global priority for vaccine development. We evaluated immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of a chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd)-based vaccine candidate, ChAd155-RSV, in a bovine RSV (bRSV) challenge model. This model closely reproduces the pathogenesis/clinical manifestations of severe pediatric RSV disease. In seronegative calves, ChAd155-RSV elicits robust neutralizing antibody responses against human RSV. Two doses protect calves from clinical symptoms/lung pathological changes, and reduce nasal/lung virus loads after both a short (4-week) and a long (16-week) interval between last immunization and subsequent bRSV challenge. The one-dose regimen confers near-complete or significant protection after short-term or long-term intervals before challenge, respectively. The presence of pre-existing bRSV-antibodies does not affect short-term efficacy of the two-dose regimen. Immunized calves present no clinical signs of enhanced respiratory disease. Collectively, this supports the development of ChAd155-RSV as an RSV vaccine candidate for infants.
Polarized NHE1 and SWELL1 regulate migration direction, efficiency and metastasis
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Li Yizeng , Thompson Keyata N. , Stoletov Konstantin , Yuan Qinling , Bera Kaustav , Lee Se Jong , Zhao Runchen , Kiepas Alexander , Wang Yao , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Serra Selma A. , Lewis John D. , Valverde Miguel A. , Martin Stuart S. , Sun Sean X. , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCell migration regulates diverse (patho)physiological processes, including cancer metastasis. According to the Osmotic Engine Model, polarization of NHE1 at the leading edge of confined cells facilitates water uptake, cell protrusion and motility. The physiological relevance of the Osmotic Engine Model and the identity of molecules mediating cell rear shrinkage remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that NHE1 and SWELL1 preferentially polarize at the cell leading and trailing edges, respectively, mediate cell volume regulation, cell dissemination from spheroids and confined migration. SWELL1 polarization confers migration direction and efficiency, as predicted mathematically and determined experimentally via optogenetic spatiotemporal regulation. Optogenetic RhoA activation at the cell front triggers SWELL1 re-distribution and migration direction reversal in SWELL1-expressing, but not SWELL1-knockdown, cells. Efficient cell reversal also requires Cdc42, which controls NHE1 repolarization. Dual NHE1/SWELL1 knockdown inhibits breast cancer cell extravasation and metastasis in vivo, thereby illustrating the physiological significance of the Osmotic Engine Model.
Two-dimensional materials-based probabilistic synapses and reconfigurable neurons for measuring inference uncertainty using Bayesian neural networks
Authors: Sebastian Amritanand , Pendurthi Rahul , Kozhakhmetov Azimkhan , Trainor Nicholas , Robinson Joshua A. , Redwing Joan M. , Das Saptarshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial neural networks have demonstrated superiority over traditional computing architectures in tasks such as pattern classification and learning. However, they do not measure uncertainty in predictions, and hence they can make wrong predictions with high confidence, which can be detrimental for many mission-critical applications. In contrast, Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) naturally include such uncertainty in their model, as the weights are represented by probability distributions (e.g. Gaussian distribution). Here we introduce three-terminal memtransistors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials, which can emulate both probabilistic synapses as well as reconfigurable neurons. The cycle-to-cycle variation in the programming of the 2D memtransistor is exploited to achieve Gaussian random number generator-based synapses, whereas 2D memtransistor based integrated circuits are used to obtain neurons with hyperbolic tangent and sigmoid activation functions. Finally, memtransistor-based synapses and neurons are combined in a crossbar array architecture to realize a BNN accelerator for a data classification task.
Mammalian N1-adenosine PARylation is a reversible DNA modification
Authors: Musheev Michael U. , Schomacher Lars , Basu Amitava , Han Dandan , Krebs Laura , Scholz Carola , Niehrs Christof 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPoly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is regarded as a protein-specific modification. However, some PARPs were recently shown to modify DNA termini in vitro. Here, we use ultrasensitive mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), anti-PAR antibodies, and anti-PAR reagents to show that mammalian DNA is physiologically PARylated and to different levels in primary tissues. Inhibition of PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) increases DNA PARylation, supporting that the modification is reversible. DNA PARylation requires PARP1 and in vitro PARP1 PARylates single-stranded DNA, while PARG reverts the modification. DNA PARylation occurs at the N1-position of adenosine residues to form N1-Poly(ADP-ribosyl)-deoxyadenosine. Through partial hydrolysis of mammalian gDNA we identify PAR-DNA via the diagnostic deamination product N1-ribosyl-deoxyinosine to occur in vivo. The discovery of N1-adenosine PARylation as a DNA modification establishes the conceptual and methodological framework to elucidate its biological relevance and extends the role of PARP enzymes.
Remodeling nanodroplets into hierarchical mesoporous silica nanoreactors with multiple chambers
Authors: Ma Yuzhu , Zhang Hongjin , Lin Runfeng , Ai Yan , Lan Kun , Duan Linlin , Chen Wenyao , Duan Xuezhi , Ma Bing , Wang Changyao , Li Xiaomin , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMulti-chambered architectures have attracted much attention due to the ability to establish multifunctional partitions in different chambers, but manipulating the chamber numbers and coupling multi-functionality within the multi-chambered mesoporous nanoparticle remains a challenge. Herein, we propose a nanodroplet remodeling strategy for the synthesis of hierarchical multi-chambered mesoporous silica nanoparticles with tunable architectures. Typically, the dual-chambered nanoparticles with a high surface area of ~469 m2 g−1 present two interconnected cavities like a calabash. Furthermore, based on this nanodroplet remodeling strategy, multiple species (magnetic, catalytic, optic, etc.) can be separately anchored in different chamber without obvious mutual-crosstalk. We design a dual-chambered mesoporous nanoreactors with spatial isolation of Au and Pd active-sites for the cascade synthesis of 2-phenylindole from 1-nitro-2-(phenylethynyl)benzene. Due to the efficient mass transfer of reactants and intermediates in the dual-chambered structure, the selectivity of the target product reaches to ~76.5%, far exceeding that of single-chambered nanoreactors (~41.3%).
The human TRPA1 intrinsic cold and heat sensitivity involves separate channel structures beyond the N-ARD domain
Authors: Moparthi Lavanya , Sinica Viktor , Moparthi Vamsi K. , Kreir Mohamed , Vignane Thibaut , Filipovic Milos R. , Vlachova Viktorie , Zygmunt Peter M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTRP channels sense temperatures ranging from noxious cold to noxious heat. Whether specialized TRP thermosensor modules exist and how they control channel pore gating is unknown. We studied purified human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) truncated proteins to gain insight into the temperature gating of hTRPA1. In patch-clamp bilayer recordings, ∆1–688 hTRPA1, without the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (N-ARD), was more sensitive to cold and heat, whereas ∆1–854 hTRPA1, also lacking the S1–S4 voltage sensing-like domain (VSLD), gained sensitivity to cold but lost its heat sensitivity. In hTRPA1 intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence studies, cold and heat evoked rearrangement of VSLD and the C-terminus domain distal to the transmembrane pore domain S5–S6 (CTD). In whole-cell electrophysiology experiments, replacement of the CTD located cysteines 1021 and 1025 with alanine modulated hTRPA1 cold responses. It is proposed that hTRPA1 CTD harbors cold and heat sensitive domains allosterically coupled to the S5–S6 pore region and the VSLD, respectively.
Continuous entanglement distribution over a transnational 248 km fiber link
Authors: Neumann Sebastian Philipp , Buchner Alexander , Bulla Lukas , Bohmann Martin , Ursin Rupert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReliable long-distance distribution of entanglement is a key technique for many quantum applications, most notably quantum key distribution. Here, we present a continuously working, trusted-node free international link between Austria and Slovakia, directly distributing polarization-entangled photon pairs via 248 km of deployed telecommunication fiber. Despite 79 dB loss, we observe stable detected pair rates of 9 s−1over 110 h. We mitigate multi-pair detections with strict temporal filtering, enabled by nonlocal compensation of chromatic dispersion and superconducting nanowire detectors. Fully automatized active polarization stabilization keeps the entangled state’s visibility at 86% for altogether 82 h. In a quantum cryptography context, this corresponds to an asymptotic secure key rate of 1.4 bits/s and 258 kbit of total key, considering finite-key effects. Our work paves the way for low-maintenance, ultra-stable quantum communication over long distances, independent of weather conditions and time of day, thus constituting an important step towards the quantum internet.
Rational consideration of Akkermansia muciniphila targeting intestinal health: advantages and challenges
Authors: Luo Yuheng , Lan Cong , Li Hua , Ouyang Qingyuan , Kong Fanli , Wu Aimin , Ren Zhihua , Tian Gang , Cai Jingyi , Yu Bing , He Jun , Wright André-Denis G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs one of the promising next-generation probiotics (NGPs), Akkermansia muciniphila, a well-known mucin-degrading bacterium, has been proven to be closely related to the metabolic diseases of its human host. However, the role of A. muciniphila in the host’s intestinal health remains ambiguous. Here, we comprehensively summarize and discuss the characteristics, the distribution, and the colonization of A. muciniphila in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We propose that the application of A. muciniphila as a biomarker for longevity, for diagnostics and prognostics of intestinal diseases, or for intestinal health should be cautiously considered. Precise dietary regulation can mediate the treatment of intestinal diseases by altering the abundance of A. muciniphila. Although the beneficial role of A. muciniphila and its component in intestinal inflammation has been discovered, in gnotobiotic mice with specific gut microbiota, certain genotype, and colorectal cancer, or in animal models infected with a specific pathogen, A. muciniphila may be related to the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. Genomic analysis, emphasizing the strain-level phylogenetic differences of A. muciniphila, indicates that a clear description and discussion of each strain is critical before its practical application. Our review provides much needed insight for the precise application of A. muciniphila.
Structural basis of colibactin activation by the ClbP peptidase
Authors: Velilla José A. , Volpe Matthew R. , Kenney Grace E. , Walsh Richard M. , Balskus Emily P. , Gaudet Rachelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractColibactin, a DNA cross-linking agent produced by gut bacteria, is implicated in colorectal cancer. Its biosynthesis uses a prodrug resistance mechanism: a non-toxic precursor assembled in the cytoplasm is activated after export to the periplasm. This activation is mediated by ClbP, an inner-membrane peptidase with an N-terminal periplasmic catalytic domain and a C-terminal three-helix transmembrane domain. Although the transmembrane domain is required for colibactin activation, its role in catalysis is unclear. Our structure of full-length ClbP bound to a product analog reveals an interdomain interface important for substrate binding and enzyme stability and interactions that explain the selectivity of ClbP for the N-acyl-d-asparagine prodrug motif. Based on structural and biochemical evidence, we propose that ClbP dimerizes to form an extended substrate-binding site that can accommodate a pseudodimeric precolibactin with its two terminal prodrug motifs in the two ClbP active sites, thus enabling the coordinated activation of both electrophilic warheads.
Screening of the siGPCR library in combination with cisplatin against lung cancers
Authors: Kim Youngju , Lee Jieun , Jeong Sumin , Kim Woo-Young , Jeong Euna , Yoon Sukjoon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe screening of siRNAs targeting 390 human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) was multiplexed in combination with cisplatin against lung cancer cells. While the cell viability measure hardly captured the anticancer effect of siGPCRs, the direct cell count revealed the anticancer potential of diverse GPCRs (46 hits with > twofold growth inhibition, p-value < 0.01). In combined treatment with cisplatin, siRNAs against five genes (ADRA2A, F2RL3, NPSR1, NPY and TACR3) enhanced the anti-proliferation efficacy on cancer cells and reduced the self-recovery ability of surviving cells after the removal of the combined treatment. Further on-target validation confirmed that the knockdown of TACR3 expression exhibited anticancer efficacy under both single and combined treatment with cisplatin. Q-omics (http://qomics.io) analysis showed that high expression of TACR3 was unfavorable for patient survival, particularly with mutations in GPCR signaling pathways. The present screening data provide a useful resource for GPCR targets and biomarkers for improving the efficacy of cisplatin treatment.
A wearable soft robot that can alleviate the pain and fear of the wearer
Authors: Yim Youchan , Noguchi Yohei , Tanaka Fumihide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial soft robotics may provide a new solution for alleviating human pain and fear. Here, we introduce a hand-held soft robot that can be clenched by the wearer. The robot comprises small airbags that can be inflated to provide the wearer with a feeling of being clenched. We then conducted an in-depth study of 66 adults who participated in a pain research protocol using thermal stimulation to investigate the effect of wearing the robot on pain perception and fear of injections. Pain assessment scale scores for perceived pain decreased significantly$$(p < 0.05)$$(p<0.05)when participants wore the robot compared with the baseline condition in which the robot was not worn. In addition, the saliva test results showed a downward trend in oxytocin level when the robot provided the wearer with haptic feedback via the inflation of the internal airbags in response to the wearer’s clench. Furthermore, the negative psychological state of participants, as measured using the positive and negative affect scale, improved significantly when wearing the robot. We also revealed that the salivary cortisol level, an indicator of stress, decreased significantly across all participants at the end of the experiment. In addition, participants’ fear of injections was significantly improved after participation in the experiment. These results suggest that the wearable soft robot may alleviate the human perception of pain and fear in during medical treatments, such as vaccinations.
Interconnected marine habitats form a single continental-scale reef system in South America
Authors: Carneiro Pedro B. M. , Ximenes Neto Antônio R. , Jucá-Queiroz Bruno , Teixeira Carlos E. P. , Feitosa Caroline V. , Barroso Cristiane X. , Matthews-Cascon Helena , de Morais Jader O. , Freitas João E. P. , Santander-Neto Jones , de Araújo Jorge T. , Monteiro Leonardo H. U. , Pinheiro Lidriana S. , Braga Marcus D. A. , Cordeiro Ralf T. S. , Rossi Sergio , Bejarano Sonia , Salani Sula , Garcia Tatiane M. , Lotufo Tito M. C. , Smith Tyler B. , Faria Vicente V. , Soares Marcelo O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLarge gaps in reef distribution may hinder the dispersal of marine organisms, interrupting processes vital to the maintenance of biodiversity. Here we show the presence and location of extensive reef habitats on the continental shelf between the Amazon Reef System (ARS) and the Eastern Brazilian Reef System (ERS), two reef complexes off eastern South America. Formations located 20–50 m deep include both biogenic and geogenic structures. The presence of diverse reef assemblages suggests the widespread occurrence of rocky substrates below 50 m. These habitats represent an expansion of both the ARS and ERS and the closure of the only remaining large-scale gap (~ 1000 km) among West Atlantic reef environments. This indicates that the SW Atlantic harbors a single, yet heterogeneous, reef system that stretches for about 4000 km, and thus, represents one of the largest semi-continuous tropical marine ecosystems in the world.
Mathematical modelling reveals potential acceleration of the supercontinent cycle
Authors: Broussolle Arnaud 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe supercontinent cycle has been the focus of researchers for many years, but the parameters of its cyclicity remain a central debate; thus, prediction of the occurrence of the next supercontinent remains elusive. In this research, a mathematical point of view is adopted, based on the assumption that the supercontinent Columbia assembled at – 2000 Myr $$\left( {X\left( { - 2} \right)} \right)$$

X

-
2

and the supercontinent Rodinia assembled at – 1000 Myr $$\left( {X\left( { - 1} \right)} \right)$$

X

-
1

. The younger supercontinents are calculated following this mathematical equation: $$X\left( n \right) = 2*X\left( {n - 1} \right) - X\left( {n - 2} \right) - \left( {\frac{540}{{3^{n} }}} \right)$$

X

n

=
2

∗
X

n
-
1

-
X

n
-
2

-

540

3
n

, where $$X\left( n \right)$$

X

n

represents the assembly and n is the position of the supercontinent in the sequence. Therefore, Gondwana $$\left( {X\left( 0 \right)} \right)$$

X

0

amalgamated at -540 Myr, Pangea $$\left( {X\left( 1 \right)} \right)$$

X

1

at – 260 Myr, Eurasia $$\left( {X\left( 2 \right)} \right)$$

X

2

at – 40 Myr and Pangea Proxima $$\left( {X\left( 3 \right)} \right)$$

X

3

might form at + 160 Myr. Moreover, two logarithmic regressions give fairly similar results, confirming that a constant acceleration of the supercontinent cycle is probable. The detrital zircon, metamorphic and hafnium isotope records support the assemblies’ hypotheses that produce the mathematical equation. However, a recent supercontinent or “megacontinent” called Eurasia lacks strong geological evidence in the three datasets. These findings might reconcile the paradox brought about by the closer ages in time for the Earth’s more recent supercontinental assemblies and the assumed constant cyclicity of the cycle.
Subcutaneously implantable electromagnetic biosensor system for continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Kim Seongmun , Malik Jagannath , Seo Jong Mo , Cho Young Min , Bien Franklin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContinuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) are becoming increasingly popular in diabetes management compared to conventional methods of self-blood glucose monitoring systems. They help understanding physiological responses towards nutrition intake, physical activities in everyday life and glucose control. CGMS available in market are of two types based on their working principle. Needle type systems with few weeks lifespan (e.g., enzyme-based Freestyle Libre) and implant type system (e.g., fluorescence-based Senseonics) with few months of lifespan are commercially available. An alternate to both working methods, herein, we propose electromagnetic-based sensor that can be subcutaneously implanted and capable of tracking minute changes in dielectric permittivity owing to changes in blood glucose level (BGL). Proof-of-concept of proposed electromagnetic-based implant sensor has been validated in intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) conducted on swine and beagle in a controlled environment. Sensor interface modules, mobile applications, and glucose mapping algorithms are also developed for continuous measurement in a freely moving beagle during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The results of the short-term (1 h, IVGTT) and long-term (52 h, OGTT) test are summarized in this work. A close trend is observed between sensor frequency and BGL during GTT experiments on both animal species.