bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project ACORN: user reactions
Authors: Kingston Paula , Gadd Elizabeth , Poulter Alan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper outlines the electronic ‘short loan’ collection of high‐demand journal articles developed by Project ACORN (Access to Course Readings via Networks) (1).It summarises some preliminary findings on the volume and type of use made of the service, and users' reactions to it. Factors affecting non‐use are also presented. Issues and developments for the future are discussed in the light of experiences to date.
Evolving journal costs: implications for publishers, libraries, and readers
Authors: King Donald W. , Tenopir Carol 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTIn this article, we summarize the cost implications of print and electronic publishing for scientific scholarly journal publishers, libraries, and scientists. In each case, we developed detailed cost models to demonstrate the importance of factors that affect publishing and decisions made by libraries and scientists to determine whether to subscribe to a journal; if so, in print or electronic medium, and, if not, what alternative information sources to use. In all instances, estimates of unit cost are essential for understanding the dynamics of the economic and systemic interdependencies of publishers, libraries, and readers.
Entire solutions of semilinear elliptic equations in ℝ³ and a conjecture of De Giorgi
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Cabré Xavier 
Published: July 2002

In 1978 De Giorgi formulated the following conjecture. Let

u
u

be a solution of

Δ
u
=

u

3

−
u

\Delta u=u^{3}-u

in all of

R

n

\mathbb {R}^{n}

such that

|
u
|
≤
1

\vert u\vert \le 1

and

∂

n

u
>
0

\partial _{n} u >0

in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^{n}

. Is it true that all level sets

{
u
=
λ
}

\{ u=\lambda \}

of

u
u

are hyperplanes, at least if

n
≤
8

n\le 8\,

? Equivalently, does

u
u

depend only on one variable? When

n
=
2

n=2

, this conjecture was proved in 1997 by N. Ghoussoub and C. Gui. In the present paper we prove it for

n
=
3

n=3

. The question, however, remains open for

n
≥
4

n\ge 4

. The results for

n
=
2

n=2

and 3 apply also to the equation

Δ
u
=

F
′

(
u
)

\Delta u=F’(u)

for a large class of nonlinearities

F
F

.
Spectrum: spectral analysis of phylogenetic data.
Authors: Charleston M A 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Spectrum is a new Macintosh and Microsoft Windows program designed to read in phylogenetic four-state or binary data in NEXUS format, and output the corresponding bipartition spectra. It can be used to find the tree whose expected spectrum is closest to the observed spectrum (the closest tree, Hendy, Discr, Math., 96, 51-58,. 1991).
Prediction of MHC class II-binding peptides using an evolutionary algorithm and artificial neural network.
Authors: Brusic V , Rudy G , Honeyman G , Hammer J , Harrison L 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Prediction methods for identifying binding peptides could minimize the number of peptides required to be synthesized and assayed, and thereby facilitate the identification of potential T-cell epitopes. We developed a bioinformatic method for the prediction of peptide binding to MHC class II molecules. RESULTS: Experimental binding data and expert knowledge of anchor positions and binding motifs were combined with an evolutionary algorithm (EA) and an artificial neural network (ANN): binding data extraction --&gt; peptide alignment --&gt; ANN training and classification . This method, termed PERUN, was implemented for the prediction of peptides that bind to HLA-DR4(B1*0401). The respective positive predictive values of PERUN predictions of high-, moderate-, low- and zero-affinity binders were assessed as 0.8, 0.7, 0.5 and 0.8 by cross-validation, and 1.0, 0.8, 0.3 and 0.7 by experimental binding. This illustrates the synergy between experimentation and computer modeling, and its application to the identification of potential immunotherapeutic peptides. AVAILABILITY: Software and data are available from the authors upon request. CONTACT: vladimir@wehi.edu. au
Bioinorganic motifs: towards functional classification of metalloproteins
Authors: Degtyarenko Kirill 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The habitat of bioinorganic motifs (BIMs) is at the interface of biological inorganic chemistry and bioinformatics. BIM is defined as a common structural feature shared by functionally related, but not necessarily homologous, proteins, and consisting of the metal atom(s) and first coordination shell ligands. BIMs appear to be suitable for classification of metal centres at any level, from groups of unrelated proteins with similar function to different functional states of the same protein, and for description of possible evolutionary relationships of metalloproteins. However, they have not attracted wide attention from the bioinformatics community. Although their presence is appreciated, they are difficult to predict—therefore the current ‘high-throughput’ initiatives are likely to miss or ignore them altogether. The protein sequence databases do not distinguish between proteins containing different prosthetic groups (unless they have different sequences) or between apo- and holoprotein. On the other hand, the protein structure databases include data on ‘hetero compounds’ of various origin but these data are often inconsistent. A number of specialized databases dealing with BIMs and attempts to classify them are reviewed. Supplementary information: The additional bibliography and list of Internet resources on bioinorganic chemistry are available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/~kirill/biometal/
Database of Structural Motifs in Proteins
Authors: Guruprasad Kunchur , Prasad Maheshuni S. , Kumar Gundu R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: The database of structural motifs in proteins (DSMP) contains data relevant to helices, β-turns, γ-turns, β-hairpins, ψ-loops, β-α-β motifs, β-sheets, β-strands and disulphide bridges extracted from all proteins in the Protein Data Bank primarily using the PROMOTIF program and implemented as a web-based network service using the SRS. The data corresponding to the structural motifs includes; sequence, position in polypeptide chain, geometry, type, unique code, keywords and resolution of crystal structure. This data is available for a representative data set of 1028 protein chains and also for all 10 213 proteins in the Protein Data Bank. The three-dimensional coordinates for all structural motifs (except sheet and disulphide bridge) are also available for the representative data set. Using features in SRS, DSMP can be queried to extract information from one or more structural motifs that may be useful for sequence-structure analysis, prediction, modelling or design.
Availability: http://www.cdfd.org.in/dsmp.html
Contact: guru@www.cdfd.org.in
Porcine Toxicology Studies of SCH 58500, an Adenoviral Vector for the p53 Gene
Authors: Morrissey Richard E. , Horvath Christopher , Snyder Eileen A. , Patrick James , Collins Nathaniel , Evans Ellen , MacDonald James S. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are being actively investigated for their potential utility in gene therapy. SCH 58500, a replication-deficient adenoviral vector, carries the normal p53 tumor suppressor gene, which is frequently mutated or absent in several human cancers. To assess the potential toxicity associated with adenoviral use, Yorkshire pigs were dosed by intravenous, intrahepatic, or local routes (subcutaneous and intradermal) to support a variety of potential clinical indications. Porcine cells were shown to support replication of wild-type human adenovirus. The nonlethal and asymptomatic dose in pigs following dosing via the intrahepatic route was greater than 3 × 108 plaque-forming units (pfu)/kg (2.2 × 1011 particles/kg), but less than 2.1 × 109 pfu/kg (1.5 × 1012 particles/kg). By the intravenous route it was 1 × 108 pfu/kg, and by the ip route it was greater than or equal to 3 × 108 pfu/kg. In a multicycle intraperitoneal study in pigs, the high dose of 3 × 108 pfu/kg caused an increased antibody and/or an inflammatory response. By the intravenous route, plaque-forming units were present in most pigs at 5 min postdose, but only in a few at 10 min postdose. No expression was found in gonadal tissue approximately 3 weeks after a single intravenous injection of 3 × 108 pfu/kg. At high intrahepatic doses (about 1.5 × 1012 particles/kg), acute cardiovascular and hemodynamic effects were found, which in subsequent studies were also present at high doses by intravenous administration. Based on these findings, careful evaluation of hemodynamic parameters in patients receiving systemic doses of SCH 58500 is warranted.
Induction of cancer cell apoptosis by α‐tocopheryl succinate: molecular pathways and structural requirements
Authors: NEUZIL JIRÍ , WEBER TOBIAS , SCHRÖDER ANDREAS , LU MIN , OSTERMANN GEORG , GELLERT NINA , MAYNE GEORGE C. , OLEJNICKA BEATA , NÈGRE‐SALVAYRE ANNE , STÍCHA MARTIN , COFFEY ROBERT J. , WEBER CHRISTIAN 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe vitamin E analog α‐tocopheryl succinate (α‐TOS) can induce apoptosis. We show that the proapoptotic activity of α‐TOS in hematopoietic and cancer cell lines involves inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), since phorbol myristyl acetate prevented α‐TOS‐triggered apoptosis. More selective effectors indicated that α‐TOS reduced PKCα isotype activity by increasing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. The role of PKCα inhibition in α‐TOS‐induced apoptosis was confirmed using antisense oligonucleotides or PKCα overexpression. Gain‐ or loss‐of‐function bcl‐2 mutants implied modulation of bcl‐2 activity by PKC/ PP2A as a mitochondrial target of α‐TOS‐induced proapoptotic signals. Structural analogs revealed that α‐tocopheryl and succinyl moieties are both required for maximizing these effects. In mice with colon cancer xenografts, α‐TOS suppressed tumor growth by 80%. This epitomizes cancer cell killing by a pharmacologically relevant compound without known side effects.—Neuzil, J., Weber, T., Schröder, A., Lu, M., Ostermann, G., Gellert, N., Mayne, G. C., Olejnicka, B., Nègre‐Salvayre, A., Stícha, M., Coffey, R. J., Weber, C. Induction of cancer cell apoptosis by α‐tocopheryl succinate: molecular pathways and structural requirements. FASEB J. 15, 403‐415 (2001)
Nonpharmacological Interventions to Lengthen Sleep Duration in Healthy Children
Authors: Magee Lucia , Goldsmith Lucy P. , Chaudhry Umar A. R. , Donin Angela S. , Wahlich Charlotte , Stovold Elizabeth , Nightingale Claire M. , Rudnicka Alicja R. , Owen Christopher G. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceAdequate sleep duration is necessary for many aspects of child health, development, and well-being, yet sleep durations for children are declining, and effective strategies to increase sleep in healthy children remain to be elucidated.ObjectiveTo determine whether nonpharmaceutical interventions to improve sleep duration in healthy children are effective and to identify the key components of these interventions.Data SourcesCENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO trials databases were searched from inception to November 15, 2021.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials of interventions to improve sleep duration in healthy children were independently screened by 2 researchers. A total of 28 478 studies were identified.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Random-effects meta-analytic models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDifference in sleep duration, measured in minutes.ResultsA total of 13 539 child participants from 45 randomized clinical trials were included. Of these, 6897 (50.9%) were in the intervention group and 6642 (49.1%) in the control group, and the mean age ranged from 18 months to 19 years. Pooled results indicate that sleep interventions were associated with 10.5 minutes (95% CI, 5.6-15.4) longer nocturnal sleep duration. There was substantial variation between trials. Sources of variation that were not associated with the study effect size included age group, whether the population was identified as having a sleep problem or being at a socioeconomic disadvantage (eg, coming from a low-income family or area), method of assessment of sleep duration (objective vs subjective), location of intervention delivery (home vs school), whether interventions were delivered in person or used parental involvement, whether behavioral theory was used, environmental change, or had greater or lower intensity. Interventions that included earlier bedtimes were associated with a 47-minute sleep extension (95% CI, 18.9-75.0; 3 trials) compared with remaining studies (7.4 minutes; 95% CI, 2.9-11.8; 42 trials) (P = .006 for group difference). Trials of shorter duration (6 months or less) had larger effects.Conclusions and RelevanceInterventions focused on earlier bedtimes may offer a simple, pragmatic, effective way to meaningfully increase sleep duration that could have important benefits for child health.
Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Census of Endothelial Changes Induced by Matrix Stiffness and the Association with Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zamani Maedeh , Cheng Yu‐Hao , Charbonier Frank , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Mayer Aaron T. , Trevino Alexandro E. , Quertermous Thomas , Chaudhuri Ovijit , Cahan Patrick , Huang Ngan F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVascular endothelial cell (EC) plasticity plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis by giving rise to mesenchymal phenotypes in the plaque lesion. Despite the evidence for arterial stiffening as a major contributor to atherosclerosis, the complex interplay among atherogenic stimuli in vivo has hindered attempts to determine the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT). To study the regulatory effects of ECM stiffness on EndMT, an in vitro model is developed in which human coronary artery ECs are cultured on physiological or pathological stiffness substrates. Leveraging single‐cell RNA sequencing, cell clusters with mesenchymal transcriptional features are identified to be more prevalent on pathological substrates than physiological substrates. Trajectory inference analyses reveal a novel mesenchymal‐to‐endothelial reverse transition, which is blocked by pathological stiffness substrates, in addition to the expected EndMT trajectory. ECs pushed to a mesenchymal character by pathological stiffness substrates are enriched in transcriptional signatures of atherosclerotic ECs from human and murine plaques. This study characterizes at single‐cell resolution the transcriptional programs that underpin EC plasticity in both physiological or pathological milieus, and thus serves as a valuable resource for more precisely defining EndMT and the transcriptional programs contributing to atherosclerosis.
Highly Conductive and Underwater Stable Ionic Skin for All‐Day Epidermal Biopotential Monitoring
Authors: Chen Tinglei , Ye Guo , Wu Haowei , Qi Shuyan , Ma Guorong , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yan , Zhu Jia , Gu Xiaodan , Liu Nan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpidermal biopotential monitoring is an essential part of wearable healthcare. For 24 × 7 h detection of electrophysiological signals, commercialized gel electrodes cannot satisfy the demands, in particular for monitoring in humidity or underwater. Epidermal electrodes that can be stable and operated underwater are required. Here, a highly conductive and optically camouflaged ionic skin for epidermal biopotential monitoring under aquatic circumstances is designed. There is a fluorine‐dipole interaction system consisting of fluorine‐rich segment in the polyurethane backbone and fluorine‐cation bonded 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl‐sulfonyl) imide ([EMIM]+ [TFSI]−) ion pairs distributed in the polymer matrix. Benefitting from the fluorine‐cation interaction, the ionic skin gains remarkable ionic conductivity (1.04 × 10−3 S cm−1), high optical transmittance (92%), and improved mechanical strength (3.1 MPa of Young's modulus). Via cations caught by fluorine‐rich segments, its ionic conductivity can keep stable even by rinsing or fierce washing in water. The epidermal electrode based on such ionic skin can accurately measure a variety of electrophysiological signals undboth atmospheric and aquatic environments, exhibiting robust and excellent signal quality. As the first demonstration of ionic skin‐based electrophysiological electrodes, the ionic skin paves a new way for all‐day wearable healthcare.
Developing Thermoregulatory Hydrogel Electrolyte to Overcome Thermal Runaway in Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Yuan , Zhang Lifang , Peng Mingji , Shen Danni , Zhu Changhao , Qian Siyi , Liu Jie , Cao Yufeng , Yan Chenglin , Zhou Jinqiu , Qian Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) that use water‐based electrolytes have attracted significant attention. However, under harsh conditions, extreme heat is accumulated inside ZIBs, which inevitably causes thermal runway risk. Therefore, the practical applications of rechargeable ZIBs are significantly limited because the internal heat accumulated by harsh conditions induces drastic bulges or even explosions. To overcome this limitation, a self‐adaptive thermoregulatory hydrogel electrolyte (TRHE) that integrates phase transition chains with endothermic effects into agarose backbones via hydrogen bonding interactions is reported. Under extreme conditions, TRHE can tolerate sudden thermal shock; thus, ZIBs can function properly for a period in environments (100 °C) owing to their thermally self‐regulating feature, which alleviates the thermal issues associated with batteries. The hydrogel network with uniform ion migration channels can accelerate ion transport and homogenize ion distribution to realize dendrite inhibition; in addition, other pressing concerns can be effectively resolved, including hydrogen evolution and Zn corrosion, which significantly contribute to the outstanding electrochemical performance. It is believed that the proposed TRHE will help in overcoming thermal runaway in ZIBs and in other aqueous batteries.
Confinement‐Driven Inverse Domain Scaling in Polycrystalline ErMnO3
Authors: Schultheiß Jan , Xue Fei , Roede Erik , Ånes Håkon W. , Danmo Frida H. , Selbach Sverre M. , Chen Long‐Qing , Meier Dennis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe research on topological phenomena in ferroelectric materials has revolutionized the way people understand polar order. Intriguing examples are polar skyrmions, vortex/anti‐vortex structures, and ferroelectric incommensurabilties, which promote emergent physical properties ranging from electric‐field‐controllable chirality to negative capacitance effects. Here, the impact of topologically protected vortices on the domain formation in improper ferroelectric ErMnO3 polycrystals is studied, demonstrating inverted domain scaling behavior compared to classical ferroelectrics. It is observed that as the grain size increases, smaller domains are formed. Phase field simulations reveal that elastic strain fields drive the annihilation of vortex/anti‐vortex pairs within the grains and individual vortices at the grain boundaries. The inversion of the domain scaling behavior has far‐reaching implications, providing fundamentally new opportunities for topology‐based domain engineering and the tuning of the electromechanical and dielectric performance of ferroelectrics in general.
Resistive Switching Crossbar Arrays Based on Layered Materials
Authors: Lanza Mario , Hui Fei , Wen Chao , Ferrari Andrea C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResistive switching (RS) devices are metal/insulator/metal cells that can change their electrical resistance when electrical stimuli are applied between the electrodes, and they can be used to store and compute data. Planar crossbar arrays of RS devices can offer a high integration density (>108 devices mm−2) and this can be further enhanced by stacking them three‐dimensionally. The advantage of using layered materials (LMs) in RS devices compared to traditional phase‐change materials and metal oxides is that their electrical properties can be adjusted with a higher precision. Here, the key figures‐of‐merit and procedures to implement LM‐based RS devices are defined. LM‐based RS devices fabricated using methods compatible with industry are identified and discussed. The focus is on small devices (size < 9 µm2) arranged in crossbar structures, since larger devices may be affected by artifacts, such as grain boundaries and flake junctions. How to enhance device performance, so to accelerate the development of this technology, is also discussed.
A Smart Photothermal Nanosystem with an Intrinsic Temperature‐Control Mechanism for Thermostatic Treatment of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Hao Boyi , Xue Ke , Fu Hao , Xiao Minghui , Zhang Yongxin , Shi Linqi , Zhu Chunlei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted extensive attention in disease treatments. However, conventional photothermal systems do not possess a temperature‐control mechanism, which poses a serious risk to healthy tissues and/or organs due to inevitable thermal damage. Herein, a smart photothermal nanosystem with an intrinsic temperature‐control mechanism for thermostatic treatment of bacterial infections is reported. The smart photothermal nanosystem is constructed by loading a thermochromic material into a hollow‐structured silica nanocarrier, in which the thermochromic material is composed of naturally occurring phase‐change materials (PCMs), a proton‐responsive spirolactone, and a proton source. The resulting nanosystem shows strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and efficient photothermal conversion in solid PCMs but becomes NIR‐transparent when PCMs are melted upon NIR irradiation. Such an attractive feature can precisely regulate the photothermal equilibrium temperature to the melting point of PCMs, regardless of the variation in external experimental parameters. In contrast to conventional PTT with severe thermal damage, the reported smart photothermal nanosystem provides an internal protection mechanism on healthy tissues and/or organs, which remarkably accelerates the recovery of bacteria‐infected wounds. The smart photothermal nanosystem is a versatile PTT platform, holding great promise in the safe and efficient treatment of bacterial infections and multimodality synergistic therapy.