bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological monitoring of a slope covered by stratified pyroclastic deposits and analysis of infiltration processes
Authors: Capparelli Giovanna , Spolverino Gennaro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn addition to the duration and intensity of rainfall, infiltration processes are strongly affected by the hydraulic properties of the soil. In the case of heterogeneous and stratified soil profiles, the analysis of the infiltration process becomes more complex, since conflicting hydraulic properties of adjacent layers can induce locally diverted flow. Soils of volcanic origin present these characteristics, because during the various eruptive phases, layers with very different textures are deposited. In this article, data are analysed which have been recorded by a monitoring station installed on a slope made up of volcanic deposits. The station consists of a rain gauge to measure rainfall and seven tensiometers and eight TDR probes installed at different depths to measure suction and volumetric water content, respectively. The slope is made up of alternating volcanic ash (silt‐sandy‐clay paleosoils) interspersed with pumice (sandy‐gravel), due to the different eruptive phases of the volcanic complexes in the area. The analysis of the data established that the layers of coarser material (pumices), depending on the initial moisture conditions, may hinder or even favour the infiltration of water into the deeper layers. In particular, when water content is low, the pumices presented a low unsaturated conductivity which hindered infiltration. By contrast, in wetter conditions, they favoured the flow of water. Therefore, the initial moisture conditions of the soil layers must be taken into account for a correct prediction of the infiltration phenomena. Dry conditions of the pumice layers can hinder drainage into the lower layers, thus favouring the rapid accumulation of soil water during rainfall events, which could eventually lead to slope failure.
Global and national trends in the age‐specific sex ratio of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer by subtype
Authors: Wang Shaoming , Zheng Rongshou , Arnold Melina , Abnet Christian , Zeng Hongmei , Zhang Siwei , Chen Ru , Sun Kexin , Li Li , An Lan , Bray Freddie , Wei Wenqiang , He Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA male predominance was observed in esophageal and gastric cancers, though present limited data has revealed variations by age. We aim to investigate the global age‐specific sex differences in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric noncardia cancer (GNCC). Data on esophageal and gastric cancers incidence by diagnosis year, sex, histology, subsite and age group were extracted from 171 registries in 54 countries included in the last two volumes (X and XI, 2003‐2012) of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, which contributing to over 80% of the global burdens of these cancers. Age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and male‐to‐female ASIRs ratios were estimated for esophageal and gastric cancers, by histological subtype and subsite, globally and by country. We consistently observed a male predominance in esophageal and gastric cancers across the world from 2003 to 2012, with male‐to‐female ASIRs ratios of 6.7:1 for EAC, 3.3:1 for ESCC, 4.0:1 for GCC and 2.1:1 for GNCC. The sex differences were consistent across time periods but varied significantly by age across the life span. Across the four cancer types, the male‐to‐female incidence rate ratios increased from young ages, approaching a peak at ages 60‐64, but sharply declined thereafter. Similar “low‐high‐low” trends of age‐specific sex ratio were observed in other digestive cancers including liver, pancreas, colon and rectum with peak ages ranging from 50 to 65. Age‐dependent risk factors warrant further investigation to aid our understanding of the underlying etiologies of esophageal and gastric cancers by histological subtype and subsite.
miRNAs are now starring in “No Time to Die: Overcoming the chemoresistance in cancer”
Authors: Bhatia Anmol , Upadhyay Atul Kumar , Sharma Siddharth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death globally, with about 19.3 million new cases reported each year. Current therapies for cancer management include—chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, they are loaded with side effects and tend to cause toxicity in the patient's body posttreatment, ultimately hindering the response towards the treatment building up resistance. This is where noncoding RNAs such as miRNAs help provide us with a helping hand for taming the chemoresistance and providing potential holistic cancer management. MicroRNAs are promising targets for anticancer therapy as they perform critical regulatory roles in various signaling cascades related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Combining miRNAs and anticancer drugs and devising a combination therapy has managed cancer well in various independent studies. This review aims to provide insights into how miRNAs play a mechanistic role in cancer development and progression and regulate drug resistance in various types of cancers. Furthermore, next‐generation novel therapies using miRNAs in combination with anticancer treatments in multiple cancers have been put forth and how they improve the efficacy of the treatments. Exemplary studies currently in the preclinical and clinical models have been summarized. Ultimately, we briefly talk through the challenges that come forward with it and minimize them.
Dual response of fibroblasts viability and Porphyromonas gingivalis adhesion on nanostructured zirconia abutment surfaces
Authors: Wen Cheng , Muhetaer Huo Jia , Gao Zhengyang , Wu Jincheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoft tissue integration surrounding dental implant is considered as a biological barrier against the oral microorganisms and external stimuli. At present, successful soft tissues integration around implants remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nanostructured zirconia abutment surfaces on fibroblasts viability and Porphyromonas gingivalis adhesion, which are the two main factors influencing the quality of peri‐implant soft‐tissue seal. Zirconia samples were made from three‐dimensional gel deposition approach and divided into three groups: zirconia surfaces, zirconia film coated surfaces (CZr) and polished surfaces (PZr). The Surface properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and water contact angle. The behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on samples, including of proliferation, morphology, gene expression and protein expression as well as collagen synthesis were assessed. Additionally, the adhesion of P. gingivalis on samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and live/dead staining. CZr and PZr group significantly enhanced fibroblasts viability such as cell proliferation, cell spreading and extracellular matrix secretion, and impaired P. gingivalis adhesion. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that CZr and PZr surfaces with nano‐grains or grinding grooves might be considered as the feasible zirconia abutments substrate for reinforcing HGFs response and minimizing P. gingivalis adhesion, and thereby enhance peri‐implant soft‐tissue integration.
Effect of a mixture of pyrethroids at doses similar to human exposure through food in the Indian context
Authors: Ravula Anandha R. , Yenugu Suresh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResidual amounts of pyrethroids were detected in rice and vegetables of the Indian market. Thus, consumers are exposed to a mixture of pyrethroids on a daily basis through food. Though a large number of studies reported the toxic effects of pyrethroids, there are no reports that used doses equivalent to human consumption. In this study, male Wistar rats were exposed daily to a mixture of pyrethroids for 1–15 months which is equivalent to the amount present in rice and vegetables consumed by an average Indian each day. The oxidant‐antioxidant status (lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide; activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S transferase, and superoxide dismutase) and anatomical changes in the general organs (liver, lung, and kidney) and male reproductive tract tissues (caput, cauda, testis, and prostate) were evaluated. Further, liver and kidney function tests, lipid profile, and complete blood picture were analyzed. Increased oxidative stress, perturbations in the antioxidant enzyme activities, and damage to the anatomical architecture were observed. Disturbances in the liver function and lipid profile were significant. Results of our study demonstrate that exposure to a mixture of pyrethroids at a dose that is equivalent to human consumption can cause systemic and reproductive toxicity, which may ultimately result in the development of lifestyle diseases. This first line of evidence will fuel further studies to determine the impact of food‐based pyrethroid exposure on the long‐term health of humans and to envisage policies to reduce pesticide content in food products.
Vitamin B6 rescues insulin resistance and glucose‐induced DNA damage caused by reduced activity of Drosophila PI3K
Authors: Mascolo Elisa , Liguori Francesco , Merigliano Chiara , Schiano Ludovica , Gnocchini Eleonora , Pilesi Eleonora , Volonté Cinzia , Di Salvo Martino L. , Contestabile Roberto , Tramonti Angela , Vernì Fiammetta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe insulin signaling pathway controls cell growth and metabolism, thus its deregulation is associated with both cancer and diabetes. Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) contributes to the cascade of phosphorylation events occurring in the insulin pathway by activating the protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), which phosphorylates several substrates, including those involved in glucose uptake and storage. PI3K inactivating mutations are associated with insulin resistance while activating mutations are identified in human cancers. Here we show that RNAi‐induced depletion of the Drosophila PI3K catalytic subunit (Dp110) results in diabetic phenotypes such as hyperglycemia, body size reduction, and decreased glycogen content. Interestingly, we found that hyperglycemia produces chromosome aberrations (CABs) triggered by the accumulation of advanced glycation end‐products and reactive oxygen species. Rearing PI3KRNAi flies in a medium supplemented with pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP; the catalytically active form of vitamin B6) rescues DNA damage while, in contrast, treating PI3KRNAi larvae with the PLP inhibitor 4‐deoxypyridoxine strongly enhances CAB frequency. Interestingly, PLP supplementation rescues also diabetic phenotypes. Taken together, our results provide a strong link between impaired PI3K activity and genomic instability, a crucial relationship that needs to be monitored not only in diabetes due to impaired insulin signaling but also in cancer therapies based on PI3K inhibitors. In addition, our findings confirm the notion that vitamin B6 is a good natural remedy to counteract insulin resistance and its complications.
Advances in exopolysaccharide production from marine bacteria
Authors: García Andrés , Fernández‐Sandoval Marco T. , Morales‐Guzmán Daniel , Martínez‐Morales Fernando , Trejo‐Hernández María R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, a wealth of novel marine exopolysaccharides (EPS) from bacteria have been found to possess many potential applications in industrial, medical, and environmental applications due to their chemical structure, which determines their functional properties. Marine bacteria communities rely on EPS to endure the extremes of temperature, salinity, and nutrient availability found in this ecosystem. Bacterial EPS are biodegradable, generally not toxic, and renewable with potential applications in many fields. However, the major challenge faced by marine bacteria EPS for commercial application is the high production cost that limits downstream processes. Therefore, the optimization of the fermentation parameters has been researched to achieve large‐scale production. This review summarize the characteristics and properties of marine bacterial EPS and evaluate some of the most important findings in the development of fermentation strategies that have shown promising results in terms of productivity improvement. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Efficient adsorption of aflatoxin B1 from water with a reusable magnetic covalent organic framework
Authors: Wu Jinhai , Qiu Yu , Liu Mingzhu , Wu Jin , Zhao Zunquan , Zhao Jiamei , Li Hanle , Shen Huijing , Peng Yuan , Bai Jialei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic and harmful aflatoxin, and has good thermal stability. Research reveals that AFB1 also exists in water, which is potentially harmful to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to remove AFB1 from water. In this work, a novel magnetic covalent organic framework composite (Fe3O4@COFs) is synthesized.RESULTSThe specific surface area is as high as 1293.32 m2 g−1. The adsorption capacity for AFB1 is 420 μg mg−1, which is six times or more that of other adsorbents. Fe3O4@COFs is employed for the adsorption and elimination of AFB1 from water. The removal efficiency is above 90% and it can be reused at least eight times. In addition, Fe3O4@COFs has been successfully used to remove trace AFB1 in actual water samples.CONCLUSIONSThe synthesized Fe3O4@COFs has good thermal stability, fast adsorption and large adsorption capacity, and can be recycled many times. Fe3O4@COFs exhibits excellent performance for the removal of AFB1, and has exceptional promise for application in water purification.© 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Study on the morpho‐anatomy of Lepisorus species through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and its systematic implications
Authors: Mondal Sinjini , Moktan Saurav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe genus Lepisorus is often associated with complex lineages in Polypodiaceae, which leads to difficulty in understanding taxonomic relationships among the species. The taxa is mostly epiphytic with some distinct features like rhizomes covered with clathrate scales, simple fronds, sori in a single row, intermixed with peltate paraphyses. In this study, we precisely focus on the Lepisorus species and seek a broader understanding of the taxonomic relationships that prevail in this genus. The morpho‐anatomical traits of rhizomes, stipe, lamina, and sporangia were explored in nine species with the aid of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques for gathering the qualitative and quantitative data sets. These character traits were resolved into groups based on degree of similarity and principal component analysis to comprehend the covariance among the variables. The data were then employed to prepare an artificial dichotomous key and hierarchical cluster analysis was established that revealed five related clades with eight members whereas one member emerged as outgroup. The results correspond with other recent phylogenetic studies of the concerned genus hence confirming immense reliability and thrust of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and morphology‐based studies that are being less utilized in fern taxonomy.
Synthesis and characterization of single‐walled carbon nanotube: Cyto‐genotoxicity in Allium cepa root tips and molecular docking studies
Authors: Ince Yardimci Atike , Istifli Erman Salih , Acikbas Yaser , Liman Recep , Yagmurcukardes Nesli , Yilmaz Selahattin , Ciğerci İbrahim Hakkı 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized by the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that obtained nanotubes were SWCNTs with high crystallinity and their average diameter was 10.15 ± 3 nm. Allium cepa ana–telophase and comet assays on the root meristem were employed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SWCNTs by examining mitotic phases, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage. A. cepa root tip cells were exposed to SWCNTs at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml for 4 h. Distilled water and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 10 μg/ml) were used as the negative and positive control groups, respectively. It was observed that MIs decreased statistically significantly for all applied doses. Besides, CAs such as chromosome laggards, disturbed anaphase–telophase, stickiness and bridges and also DNA damage increased in the presence of SWCNTs in a concentration‐dependent manner. In the molecular docking study, the SWCNT were found to be a strong DNA major groove binder showing an energetically very favorable binding free energy of −21.27 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the SWCNT interacted effectively with the nucleotides on both strands of DNA primarily via hydrophobic π and electrostatic interactions. As a result, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SWCNTs in A. cepa root meristematic cells which is a reliable system for assessment of nanoparticle toxicology were demonstrated in this study.Research Highlights
SWCNT synthesis with high crystallinity was achieved by the CVD method.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic influences of SWCNTs were investigated.
Allium and Comet tests were utilized.
For all of the applied concentrations of SWCNTs, the MIs significantly decreased.
SWCNTs were found genotoxic.
COVID‐19 and platelet traits: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cheung Ching‐Lung , Ho Shun‐Cheong , Krishnamoorthy Suhas , Li Gloria H.‐Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the host genetic liability of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid‐19) with platelet traits using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. We conducted a bidirectional two‐sample MR using summary statistics from the largest genome‐wide association study of three variables, covid‐19 severity (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2] infection, covid‐19 hospitalization, and severe covid‐19, N = ~1 059 456–1 557 411) and four platelet traits (mean platelet volume [MPV], plateletcrit, platelet distribution width, and platelet count; N = 408 112). Inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), median weighted, MR‐Egger, and contamination mixture methods were used to estimate the causal association. Null and inconsistent associations in the IVW and sensitivity analyses were observed for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and covid‐19 hospitalization with platelet traits. For severe covid‐19, significant associations with MPV and platelet count were observed in the IVW and sensitivity analyses, with the betaIVW of 0.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.005–0.016, p = 3.51 × 10−4) and −0.009 (95% CI: −0.015 to −0.002, p = 0.008) per doubling in odds of severe covid‐19, respectively. Conversely, null associations were observed for platelet traits with covid‐19 traits. In conclusion, host genetic liability to severe covid‐19 was causally associated with increased MPV and reduced platelet count, which may provide insights into evaluating hypercoagulability and thromboembolic events in covid‐19 patients.
The prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus in 4267 Turkish women with or without cervical lesions: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Altay‐Kocak Aylin , Kazanci Ferah , Dogu‐Tok Canan , Onan Anil , Erdem Ozlem , Ozkan Secil , Bozdayi Gulendam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the present study, it was aimed to screen the genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) retrospectively in women with gynecological symptoms who were admitted to a tertiary care university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. A total of 4267 cervical swab samples of women aged 18–79 years were sent to Medical Virology Laboratory from January 2017 to November 2020. Nucleic acid extraction and amplification of samples were done by an automated system. The test can detect 14 high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) types in a single analysis that performs a real‐time polymerase chain reaction, by providing individual results on the highest‐risk genotypes HPV 16 and HPV 18 and pooled results on other high‐risk genotypes (OHR‐HPV) (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68). HPV DNA positivity was detected in 14.2% (605/4267) of the samples. HPV type 16 and type 18 were detected in 2.4% and 0.7% of the samples, respectively. OHR‐HPV types were found in 8.8% of the samples. Of the 1.9% and 0.4% samples had mixed types with type 16+ OHR‐HPV and type 18+ OHR‐HPV, respectively. The results of this study presented the rates of HR‐HPV genotypes of a university hospital in Ankara, over a 4‐year period. It was observed that the positivity rate of type 18 is decreasing and some OHR‐HPV types are increasing. HPV vaccination is not in the national immunization program in Turkey yet, however, HPV vaccines are available and the vaccination rates for women are increasing.
Longitudinal mapping of hepatitis B vaccine‐induced B‐cell linear epitopes in healthy individuals
Authors: Zhong Shihong , Liu Zhipeng , Zhou Yang , Zhang Tianling , Fu Xin , Guo Ling , Gu Shuqin , Tang Libo , Hou Jinlin , Li Yongyin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is partially facilitated by the prophylactic HB vaccine. As the loss of seroprotection over time remains a conundrum for long‐lasting protection, a comprehensive dynamic analysis of immunogenic targets of the HB vaccine will provide novel insights into the improvement and design of potential targets. In this study, 36 healthy subjects without prior history of hepatitis B infection and negative for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs) were enrolled. Participants were given a series of three doses of HB vaccine on a 0‐, 1‐, and 6‐month schedule and longitudinally followed up. We systematically mapped 55 overlapping 15‐mer peptides covering the small S protein of hepatitis B virus (SHBs) of vaccinees' serum samples at seven time points by performing an ELISA assay. Additionally, the frequencies and function dynamics of adaptive immune response were assessed by flow cytometry. We found that the SHBs peptide coverage presented an overall upward trend along with the vaccination progress, and the individual subpartition recognition was strongly correlated with the anti‐HBs titers. Moreover, we identified one dominant epitope (S29) located on “a determinant region” associated with effective vaccine response. Besides, significant correlations between the proportion of plasmablasts and proliferating B cells and levels of anti‐HBs were ascertained. Taken together, our data characterized the dynamics of HB vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against B‐cell linear epitopes on SHBs and adaptive immune response, which will be constructive to develop the next‐generation vaccine.
Last Glacial Maximum active layer thickness in Western Europe, and the issue of ‘tundra gleys’ in loess sequences
Authors: Bertran Pascal , Stadelmaier Kim H. , Ludwig Patrick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLate Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and MIS 2 loess–palaeosol sequences in Western Europe comprise alternating loess layer and 3‐ to 30‐cm‐thick bleached soil horizons with Fe–Mn oxide precipitations, which are usually interpreted as waterlogged active layers and referred to as ‘tundra gleys’. Active layer thickness data derived from a regional climate model simulation and the fossils (shells, earthworm granules) found in ‘tundra gleys’ argue against such an assumption. Most of these horizons better correspond to Fe‐depleted, slightly humic topsoil horizons or subsurface eluvial horizons and should be referred to as (incipient) Ag or Eg horizons. They formed during climate ameliorations associated with vegetation (cryptogams, herbs) development, possibly limited by long‐lasting snow cover. Strong mixing usually occurred in these horizons due to the activity of anecic earthworms and frost activity.