bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of employee engagement and patient safety
Authors: Scott Grace , Hogden Anne , Taylor Robyn , Mauldon Emily 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealth service administrators are continually investigating new ways to improve the safety and quality of health services. A positive and powerful relationship between employee engagement and patient safety has been suggested in the research literature, and steps can be taken by employers to enhance engagement to improve the safety of health services, particularly considering the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to explore the current literature on the impact of employee engagement on patient safety.MethodsA review of peer-reviewed literature relating to the impact of employee engagement on patient safety within health services between January 2015 and May 2021 was conducted using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline Complete, Scopus, Health Business Elite and Business Source Ultimate databases. A search of grey literature using the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine database was also completed.ResultsOf relevant articles, 3693 were identified, of which 15 studies were included in this review. Ten articles measured employee engagement using existing, validated tools, whereas patient safety was most frequently assessed through surveys seeking staff member’s perceptions of safety or the quality of care they provide. Overall, there appeared to be a positive correlation between employee engagement and patient safety, but the strength of the relationship varied.ConclusionAnecdotal accounts of improving employee engagement and improving patient safety abound, and the evidence reviewed appears in agreement. However, research into the impact of employee engagement on patient safety is in its early stages. As health service managers consider the best use of funding to support safe and high-quality care, evidence to support the positive impact employee engagement has on patient safety may be useful in managing the fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic.
C282Y/H63D Compound Heterozygosity Is a Low Penetrance Genotype for Iron Overload-related Disease
Authors: Hasan S M Mahmudul , Farrell James , Borgaonkar Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHereditary hemochromatosis (HH) occurs due to mutations in the HFE gene. While the C282Y mutation is the most common genotype reported in HH, other genotypes are found less frequently, indicating variable degrees of penetrance. We studied the penetrance of the C282Y/H63D compound heterozygote genotype in developing clinically significant iron overload.MethodsWe have completed a retrospective analysis on every individual within Newfoundland & Labrador who were diagnosed as C282Y/H63D compound heterozygote between 1996 and 2009 through a molecular genetics study. We collected data for up to 10 years following the initial genotyping using electronic health records, including laboratory values, phlebotomy status, radiologic reports and clinic records. Iron overload status was classified based on the HealthIron study.ResultsBetween 1996 and 2009, 247 individuals with available health records tested positive for C282Y/H63D compound heterozygosity. Over the 10 years of our study, 5.3% of patients exhibited iron overload-related disease on the background of documented iron overload. Including these individuals, 10.1% of patients had documented iron overload, 23.1% of patients had a provisional iron overload and the remaining 66.8% of patients had no evidence of iron overload. Only 44 patients had documented phlebotomies, likely based on their severe phenotype at baseline. Despite phlebotomy, the prevalence of iron overload was higher among these patients. The penetrance of compound heterozygosity was also significantly higher among men (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionC282Y/H63D compound heterozygosity is a low penetrance genotype in HH. This is the largest reported cohort of C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes in North America with an extended follow-up.
Blood Feeding Sources of Nyssomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae): A Suspected Vector of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Pimentel Amanda Costa , Sánchez Uzcátegui Yetsenia del Valle , de Lima Ana Carolina Stocco , Silveira Fernando Tobias , Vasconcelos dos Santos Thiago , Ishikawa Edna Aoba Yassui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Present work aimed to identify blood feeding sources and attempt to detect Leishmania DNA in Nyssomyia antunesi, suspected vector of Leishmania sp., from a park in the urban center of Belém, the capital of Pará State, in the Brazilian Amazon. Entire bodies and gut contents of Ny. antunesi engorged females, previously captured in the urban park with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and aspiration on tree bases, were subjected to Leishmania and vertebrate DNA detection through amplification of the Leishmania mini-exon and vertebrate cytochrome b (cyt b) gene regions, respectively. The quality of DNA extraction from entire bodies was ensured through amplification of the dipteran cyt b region. The vertebrate cyt b amplicons were sequenced and compared with those available on GenBank. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed to assess the clustering patterns of these sequences. Leishmania DNA was not detected. The sequences of 13 vertebrate cyt b amplicons were considered informative, exhibiting similarity and clustering with the following six vertebrate species: Dasyprocta leporina (1), Cuniculus paca (1), Tamandua tetradactyla (4), Choloepus didactylus (4), Pteroglossus aracari aracari (2), Homo sapiens (1). The samples of D. leporina and C. paca were obtained from the CDC canopy, whereas the others were by aspiration from tree bases. The present results revealed the eclectic and opportunist blood-feeding behavior of Ny. antunesi, with birds and mammals, these last ones acting as potential reservoirs for Leishmania species, distributed throughout the vertical forest strata.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Adjuvant Therapy on Inflammatory Markers in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Bower Julienne E , Ganz Patricia A , Irwin Michael R , Cole Steve W , Carroll Judith , Kuhlman Kate R , Petersen Laura , Garet Deborah , Asher Arash , Hurvitz Sara A , Crespi Catherine M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Inflammation contributes to poor behavioral, functional, and clinical outcomes in cancer survivors. We examined whether standard cancer treatments—radiation and chemotherapy—led to acute and persistent changes in circulating markers of inflammation in breast cancer patients.

Methods
A total of 192 women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer provided blood samples before and after completion of radiation and/or chemotherapy and at 6-, 12-, and 18-month posttreatment follow-ups. Samples were assayed for circulating inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)–6, downstream markers of their activity (soluble TNF receptor type II [sTNF-RII], C reactive protein), and other inflammatory mediators (IL-8, interferon-γ [IFN-γ]). Analyses evaluated within-group changes in inflammatory markers in 4 treatment groups: no radiation or chemotherapy (n = 39), radiation only (n = 77), chemotherapy only (n = 18), and chemotherapy with radiation (n = 58).

Results
Patients treated with chemotherapy showed statistically significant increases in circulating concentrations of TNF-α, sTNF-RII, IL-6, and IFN-γ from pre- to posttreatment, with parameter estimates in standard deviation units ranging from 0.55 to 1.20. Those who received chemotherapy with radiation also showed statistically significant increases in IL-8 over this period. Statistically significant increases in TNF-α, sTNF-RII, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-8 persisted at 6, 12, and 18 months posttreatment among patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation (all P &lt; .05). Patients treated with radiation only showed a statistically significant increase in IL-8 at 18 months posttreatment; no increases in any markers were observed in patients treated with surgery only.

Conclusions
Chemotherapy is associated with acute increases in systemic inflammation that persist for months after treatment completion in patients who also receive radiation therapy. These increases may contribute to common behavioral symptoms and other comorbidities in cancer survivors.
HPV Vaccination Uptake, Hesitancy, and Refusal: Observations of Health-Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chido-Amajuoyi Onyema Greg , Pande Mala , Agbajogu Constance , Yu Robert K , Cunningham Sonia , Shete Sanjay 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
HPV vaccination is highly effective at preventing several types of cancer; however, vaccine uptake is suboptimal. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected participation in cancer prevention measures such as HPV vaccination. To assess changes and barriers to HPV vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a statewide cross-sectional survey of health-care professionals (HCPs) in Texas. Specifically, we evaluated changes observed by HCPs regarding HPV vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) hesitancy, 2) refusal, and 3) uptake. Decreased HPV vaccination uptake were reported by 19.3% of HCPs, whereas increased HPV vaccination hesitancy and refusal were reported by 17.1% and 14.8% of HCPs in Texas, respectively. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on HPV vaccination. Our study identified barriers to HPV vaccination that are unique to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Double flows anchored in a Kerr black hole horizon – I. Meridionally self-similar MHD models with loading terms
Authors: Chantry L , Cayatte V , Sauty C , Vlahakis N , Tsinganos K 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of supermassive black holes have brought us new information on their magnetospheres. In this study, we attempt a theoretical modelling of the coupling of black holes with their jets and discs, via three innovations. First, we propose a semi-analytical MHD description of a steady relativistic inflow–outflow structure characteristic to the extraction of the hole rotational energy. The mass-loading is ensured in a thin layer, the stagnation surface, by a two-photon pair production originating to a gamma-ray emission from the surrounding disc. The double flow is described near the polar axis by an axisymmetric meridionally self-similar MHD model. Secondly, the inflow and outflow solutions are crossing the MHD critical points and are matched at the stagnation surface. Knowledge of the MHD field on the horizon gives us the angular momentum and energy extracted from the black hole. Finally, we illustrate the model with three specific examples of double-flow solutions by varying the energetic interaction between the MHD field and the rotating black hole. When the isorotation frequency is half of the black hole one, the extracted Poynting flux is comparable to the one obtained using the force-free assumption. In two of the presented solutions, the Penrose process dominates at large colatitudes, while the third is Poynting flux dominated at mid-colatitudes. Mass injection rate estimations, from disc luminosity and inner radius, give an upper limit just above the values obtained for two solutions. This model is pertinent to describe the flows near the polar axis, where pair production is more efficient.
On improving the performance of glitch classification for gravitational wave detection by using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Yan Jianqi , Leung Alex P , Hui C Y 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Spectrogram classification plays an important role in analysing gravitational wave data. In this paper, we propose a framework to improve the classification performance by using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). As substantial efforts and expertise are required to annotate spectrograms, the number of training examples is very limited. However, it is well known that deep networks can perform well only when the sample size of the training set is sufficiently large. Furthermore, the imbalanced sample sizes in different classes can also hamper the performance. In order to tackle these problems, we propose a GAN-based data augmentation framework. While standard data augmentation methods for conventional images cannot be applied on spectrograms, we found that a variant of GANs, ProGAN, is capable of generating high-resolution spectrograms which are consistent with the quality of the high-resolution original images and provide a desirable diversity. We have validated our framework by classifying glitches in the Gravity Spy data set with the GAN-generated spectrograms for training. We show that the proposed method can provide an alternative to transfer learning for the classification of spectrograms using deep networks, i.e. using a high-resolution GAN for data augmentation instead. Furthermore, fluctuations in classification performance with small sample sizes for training and evaluation can be greatly reduced. Using the trained network in our framework, we have also examined the spectrograms with label anomalies in Gravity Spy.
The moving mirror model for fast radio bursts
Authors: Yalinewich Almog , Pen Ue-Li 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of coherent radiation from the Crab pulsar suggest the emission is driven by an ultrarelativistic (γ ∼ 104), cold plasma flow. A relativistically expanding plasma shell can compress the ambient magnetic field, like a moving mirror, and thus produce coherent radiation whose wavelength is shorter than that of the ambient medium by γ2. This mechanism has been previously studied in the context of radio loud supernova explosions. In this work, we propose that a similar mechanism drives the coherent emission in fast radio bursts. The high Lorenz factors dramatically lower the implied energy and magnetic field requirements, allowing the spin-down energy of regular (or even recycled), fast spinning pulsars, rather than slow spinning magnetars, to explain FRBs. We show that this model can explain the frequency and the time evolution of observed FRBs, as well as their duration, energetics, and absence of panchromatic counterparts. We also predict that the peak frequency of subpulses decline with observation time as $\omega _{\rm obs} \propto t_{\rm obs}^{-1/2}$. Unfortunately, with current capabilities it is not possible to constrain the shape of the curve ωobs(tobs). Finally, we find that a variation of this model can explain weaker radio transients, such as the one observed from a galactic magnetar. In this variant, the shock wave produces low-frequency photons that are then Compton scattered to the GHz range.
Care Navigation Increases Initiation of Hepatitis C Treatment After Release From Prison in a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial: The C-LINK Study
Authors: Papaluca Timothy , Craigie Anne , McDonald Lucy , Edwards Amy , Winter Rebecca , Hoang Annabelle , Pappas Alex , Waldron Aoife , McCoy Kelsey , Stoove Mark , Doyle Joseph , Hellard Margaret , Holmes Jacinta , MacIsaac Michael , Desmond Paul , Iser David , Thompson Alexander J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Prison-based hepatitis C treatment is safe and effective; however, many individuals are released untreated due to time or resource constraints. On community re-entry, individuals face a number of immediate competing priorities, and in this context, linkage to hepatitis C care is low. Interventions targeted at improving healthcare continuity after prison release have yielded positive outcomes for other health diagnoses; however, data regarding hepatitis C transitional care are limited.

Methods
We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing a hepatitis C care navigator intervention with standard of care for individuals released from prison with untreated hepatitis C infection. The primary outcome was prescription of hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (DAA) within 6 months of release.

Results
Forty-six participants were randomized. The median age was 36 years and 59% were male. Ninety percent (n = 36 of 40) had injected drugs within 6 months before incarceration. Twenty-two were randomized to care navigation and 24 were randomized to standard of care. Individuals randomized to the intervention were more likely to commence hepatitis C DAAs within 6 months of release (73%, n = 16 of 22 vs 33% n = 8 of 24, P &lt; .01), and the median time between re-entry and DAA prescription was significantly shorter (21 days [interquartile range {IQR}, 11–42] vs 82 days [IQR, 44–99], P = .049).

Conclusions
Care navigation increased hepatitis C treatment uptake among untreated individuals released from prison. Public policy should support similar models of care to promote treatment in this high-risk population. Such an approach will help achieve hepatitis C elimination as a public health threat.
P–T–t Path of Unusual Garnet–Kyanite–Staurolite– Amphibole Schists, Ellesmere Island, Canada—Quartz Inclusion in Garnet Barometry and Monazite Petrochronology
Authors: Kośmińska Karolina , Gilotti Jane A , McClelland William C , Coble Matthew A , Thomas Jay B 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGarnet–kyanite–staurolite assemblages with large, late porphyroblasts of amphibole form garbenschists in Ordovician volcaniclastic rocks lying immediately south of the Pearya terrane on northernmost Ellesmere Island, Canada. The schist, which together with carbonate olistoliths makes up the Petersen Bay Assemblage (PBA), displays a series of parallel isograds that mark an increase in metamorphic grade over a distance of 10 km towards the contact with Pearya; however, a steep, brittle Cenozoic strike-slip fault with an unknown amount displacement disturbs the earlier accretionary relationship. The late amphibole growth, probably due to fluid ingress, is clear evidence of disequilibrium conditions in the garbenschist. In order to recover the P–T history of the schists, we construct isochemical phase equilibrium models for a nearby garnet–mica schist that escaped the fluid event and compare the results to quartz inclusion in garnet (QuiG) barometry for a garbenschist and the metapelitic garnet schist. Quartz inclusions are confined to garnet cores and the QuiG results, combined with Ti-in-biotite and garnet–biotite thermometry, delineate a prograde path from 480 to 600°C and 0.7 to 0.9 GPa. This path agrees with growth zoning in garnet deduced from X-ray maps of the spessartine component in garnet. The peak conditions obtained from pseudosection modelling using effective bulk composition and the intersection of garnet rim with matrix biotite and white mica isopleths in the metapelite are 665°C at ≤0.85 GPa. Three generations of monazite (I, II and III) were identified by textural characterization, geochemical composition (REE and Y concentrations) and U–Pb ages measured by ion microprobe. Monazite I occurs in the matrix and as inclusions in garnet rims and grew at peak P–T conditions at 397 ± 2 Ma (2σ) from the breakdown of allanite. Monazite II forms overgrowths on matrix Monazite I grains that are oriented parallel to the main schistosity and yield ages of 385 ± 2 Ma. Monazite III, found only in the garbenschist, is 374 ± 6 Ma, which is interpreted as the time of amphibole growth during fluid infiltration at lower temperature and pressure on a clockwise P–T path that remained in the kyanite stability field. These results point to a relatively short (≈12 Myr) Barrovian metamorphic event that affected the schists of the PBA. An obvious heat source is lacking in the adjacent Pearya terrane, but we speculate it was large Devonian plutons—similar to the 390 ± 10 Ma Cape Woods granite located 40 km across strike from the fault—that have been excised by strike-slip. Arc fragments that are correlative to the PBA are low grade; they never saw the heat and were not directly involved in Pearya accretion.
An Updated View of the Roles of p53 in Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Ayaz Gamze , Yan Hualong , Malik Navdeep , Huang Jing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The TP53 gene is unarguably one of the most studied human genes. Its encoded protein, p53, is a tumor suppressor and is often called the “guardian of the genome” due to its pivotal role in maintaining genome stability. Historically, most studies of p53 have focused on its roles in somatic cells and tissues, but in the last 2 decades, its functions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells have attracted increasing attention. Recent studies have identified p53 as a critical regulator of pluripotency, self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and genome stability in mouse and human embryonic stem cells. In this article, we systematically review the studies on the functions of p53 in ESCs, provide an updated overview, attempt to reconcile controversial results described in the literature, and discuss the relevance of these cellular functions of p53 to its roles in tumor suppression.
The Paraguayan experience in modernizing its secured transactions legal framework
Authors: Moreno Rodríguez José A , Cazal Zaldivar Lucía E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the past decades, numerous countries of the five continents have been substantively modernizing their private law legal framework in topics related to commercial law, including secured transactions. Paraguay has not been an alien to this phenomenon and has adopted numerous harmonizing instruments developed by international organizations such as UNCITRAL, Unidroit, and the Hague Conference on Private International Law in commercial arbitration, international contracts, and the sale of goods, among others. This brief contribution describes the Paraguayan situation of access to secured credit with particular emphasis on small- and medium-sized enterprises and the legal shortcomings that obstruct financing backed by movable assets. Further, the article also discusses the road travelled to modernize the Paraguayan legal framework on secured transactions and makes recommendations for the future based on the lessons learned from the process.
Formal Caregiver Experiences of Caring for Individuals at Risk for or with a Pressure Injury: A Metasynthesis
Authors: Heerschap Corey , Woo Kevin Y. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To explore formal caregiver experiences caring for patients with a pressure injury (PI) or who are at risk of developing a PI.

DATA SOURCES
In November 2019, the researchers searched CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and MEDLINE databases for articles related to caregivers and their experiences with PI prevention and care.

STUDY SELECTION
Twenty-eight qualitative studies were included in this review.

DATA EXTRACTION
Literature was graded and critiqued with regard to design and research quality and then synthesized utilizing a narrative approach.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Four themes were found within the literature: knowledge and education, environment and resources, collaboration and role clarity, and risk assessment.

CONCLUSIONS
Across healthcare settings, formal caregivers noted the importance of effective PI knowledge and education. Recognizing both barriers and facilitators to PI prevention and management within the healthcare environment can help decision-makers make informed choices to improve PI management within their settings. In addition, developing interprofessional team skills and relationships, rather than practicing in silos, may have an impact on PI management. Although there are many interventions that reduce PI risk and assist in the management of PIs, not every intervention is appropriate for every healthcare setting. Clinician education on PIs, along with new interventions, could significantly impact the effectiveness of patient care.