bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Photoconductivity at Dislocations in SrTiO3
Authors: Kissel Maximilian , Porz Lukas , Frömling Till , Nakamura Atsutomo , Rödel Jürgen , Alexe Marin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDislocations are 1D crystallographic line defects and are usually seen as detrimental to the functional properties of classic semiconductors. It is shown here that this not necessarily accounts for oxide semiconductors in which dislocations are capable of boosting the photoconductivity. Strontium titanate single crystals are controllably deformed to generate a high density of ordered dislocations of two slip systems possessing different mesoscopic arrangements. For both slip systems, nanoscale conductive atomic force microscope investigations reveal a strong enhancement of the photoconductivity around the dislocation cores. Macroscopic in‐plane measurements indicate that the two dislocation systems result in different global photoconductivity behavior despite the similar local enhancement. Depending on the arrangement, the global photoresponse can be increased by orders of magnitude. Additionally, indications for a bulk photovoltaic effect enabled by dislocation‐surrounding strain fields are observed for the first time. This proves that dislocations in oxide semiconductors can be of large interest for tailoring photoelectric functionalities. Direct evidence that electronic transport is confined to the dislocation core points to a new emerging research field.
High‐Stretchability, Ultralow‐Hysteresis ConductingPolymer Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Soft Machines
Authors: Shen Zequn , Zhang Zhilin , Zhang Ningbin , Li Jinhao , Zhou Peiwei , Hu Faqi , Rong Yu , Lu Baoyang , Gu Guoying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHighly stretchable strain sensors based on conducting polymer hydrogel are rapidly emerging as a promising candidate toward diverse wearable skins and sensing devices for soft machines. However, due to the intrinsic limitations of low stretchability and large hysteresis, existing strain sensors cannot fully exploit their potential when used in wearable or robotic systems. Here, a conducting polymer hydrogel strain sensor exhibiting both ultimate strain (300%) and negligible hysteresis (<1.5%) is presented. This is achieved through a unique microphase semiseparated network design by compositing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) nanofibers with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and facile fabrication by combining 3D printing and successive freeze‐thawing. The overall superior performances of the strain sensor including stretchability, linearity, cyclic stability, and robustness against mechanical twisting and pressing are systematically characterized. The integration and application of such strain sensor with electronic skins are further demonstrated to measure various physiological signals, identify hand gestures, enable a soft gripper for objection recognition, and remote control of an industrial robot. This work may offer both promising conducting polymer hydrogels with enhanced sensing functionalities and technical platforms toward stretchable electronic skins and intelligent robotic systems.
Emerging Biomaterials Imaging Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Ma Xianbin , Zhang Meng‐Jie , Wang Jingting , Zhang Tian , Xue Peng , Kang Yuejun , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Xu Zhigang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy is one of the most promising clinical modalities for the treatment of malignant tumors and has shown excellent therapeutic outcomes in clinical settings. However, it continues to face several challenges, including long treatment cycles, high costs, immune‐related adverse events, and low response rates. Thus, it is critical to predict the response rate to immunotherapy by using imaging technology in the preoperative and intraoperative. Here, the latest advances in nanosystem‐based biomaterials used for predicting responses to immunotherapy via the imaging of immune cells and signaling molecules in the immune microenvironment are comprehensively summarized. Several imaging methods, such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography imaging, ultrasound imaging, and photoacoustic imaging, used in immune predictive imaging, are discussed to show the potential of nanosystems for distinguishing immunotherapy responders from nonresponders. Nanosystem‐based biomaterials aided by various imaging technologies are expected to enable the effective prediction and diagnosis in cases of tumors, inflammation, and other public diseases.
Near‐Infrared Phototransistor Based on Graphene/C60/PbPc Heterojunction with Tunable Bidirectional Photoresponse
Authors: Dai Qinyong , Hu Gang , Lv Wenli , Xu Sunan , Sun Lei , Schneider Grégory F. , Jiang Lin , Peng Yingquan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGraphene–organic heterojunction phototransistors have great potential to achieve sensitive photoresponse owing to the excellent absorption of organic layers and fast charge transport in graphene. However, the photoresponse of most graphene‐based phototransistors is limited within visible light region with narrow bandwidth and poor sensitivity in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. Herein, a graphene–organic NIR phototransistor is fabricated by integrating an organic heterojunction layer composing of phthalocyanine molecules and fullerene C60 onto the graphene channel. The phototransistor exhibits a high photoresponsivity of 2.2 × 103 A W−1 under 850 nm irradiation with the power density of 35.4 mW cm−2 (Vds = 1 V). Meanwhile, a bidirectional photoresponse (both positive and negative) is obtained at different wavelength regions. Further studies indicate that the gate voltage enables to effectively tune the photoresponse in the wavelength range where PbPc has a significant optical absorption. Such a tunability of photoresponse is especially beneficial for the exploration of new functionalities in logic function devices. This work presents a feasible strategy to prepare graphene–organic heterojunction phototransistor with broadband photoresponse as well as sensitive and tunable bidirectional signals at NIR region.
Structural Shrinking and Rotation Decrease Quasi Surface Tension for Polar CeO2(100)
Authors: Zhou Hui , Wu Xin‐Ping , Gong Xue‐Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurfaces determine many important physicochemical properties of the solid materials, and the polar surfaces are particularly appealing for their unusual characteristics as they are intrinsically unstable and always reconstruct to compensate for the surface polarity. In this work, by performing density functional theory calculations corrected by on‐site Coulomb interactions (DFT+U), it is determined that for polar CeO2(100), besides the classical O‐t, Ce‐t, and CeO4‐t types of reconstruction, a series of novel “pocket‐like” structures can give significantly better stabilities. It is proposed that the shrinking effect caused by the pocket formation can effectively reduce the surface tension, and specifically, promote the rotation of the CeO4 units at CeO4‐t‐p surface to further stabilize the edge Ce cations of the units. Such CeO4‐t‐p reconstructed CeO2(100) can also act as a promising support for the single metal atoms since the induced shrinking and rotation effects can further promote their adsorption and dispersion. This work provides new models to help understand surface reconstruction and adsorption.
Associations between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutants in Akwesasne Mohawk women: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyl exposure
Authors: Lee Florence , Gallo Mia V. , Schell Lawrence M. ,   Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPollutant exposures, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), have been found to disrupt normal immune function. Native American communities are disproportionately affected by autoimmune dysfunction and are more likely to be exposed to harmful pollutants than the general population.ObjectiveTo determine the association between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure levels, this study evaluates the statistical relationship between the presence of autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure.MethodsInformation was collected from Akwesasne Mohawk women (n = 182), 21–39 years of age, between 2009 and 2013. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, medical diagnoses of autoimmune disease and symptoms of autoimmune dysfunction in the medical record, and blood draws for measurement of pollutants. Multivariate analyses determined the association between toxicant exposure and autoimmune dysfunction.ResultsToxicant p,p′‐DDE was positively associated with an almost two‐fold risk of autoimmune dysfunction. p,p′‐DDE and PCB congeners 32, 136, and 138 were positively associated in a multivariate analysis with an autoimmune diagnosis.ConclusionsPollutant exposures, specifically to p,p′‐DDE and some PCB congeners, are common exposures that are associated with autoimmune dysfunction and autoimmune disease, although there are other factors and causes related to autoimmune dysfunction incidence.
A Facile Stereoselective Bis‐Trifluoromethylselenolation Reaction of Alkynes with AgSeCF3 and N‐Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Cao Chengyao Kimmy , Tretyakov Evgeny , Liu Wei , Chen Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA facile stereoselective bis‐trifluoromethylselenolation reaction of alkyne derivatives was realized for the first time. The reaction of alkyne derivatives and AgSeCF3 was found to proceed in the presence of N‐bromosuccinimide and water in tetrahydrofuran and afforded bis‐trifluoromethylselenolated products in moderate‐to‐excellent yields. The new methodology enables one‐pot synthesis with a broad substrate range.
Acute metaldehyde poisoning from ingestion: clinical features and implications for early treatment
Authors: Tan You‐Jiang , Khoo Shimona Qin‐Xin , Tan See‐Teng 
Published: June 2022

AimsTo describe and compare the clinical features of patients with acute metaldehyde toxicity from suicidal and accidental ingestion of metaldehyde, and to elucidate factors influencing early treatment and disposition.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review and retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute toxicity from ingesting metaldehyde.ResultsTwenty‐one cases identified between 1965 and 2021 were analyzed. The median age was 32 years (range, 3–68 years), and two‐thirds of patients experienced symptoms (14/21, 67%). In symptomatic patients, gastrointestinal symptoms were present in two‐thirds (9/14, 64%), and half experienced neurologic complications (8/14, 57%); of those with neurologic complications, half experienced seizures (8/14, 57%). There were near‐equal cases of accidental and suicidal poisoning. Those who attempted suicide were likelier to develop symptoms (90% versus 45%, P = 0.031), experience seizures (60% versus 18%, P = 0.049), require intensive care (50% versus 9%, P = 0.038), and suffer longer hospitalizations (13.3 days versus 2.9 days, P = 0.005), despite no statistically significant differences in the doses of metaldehyde consumed when compared against patients with accidental ingestion (9.04 g versus 2.03 g, P = 0.09).ConclusionThe circumstances in which metaldehyde is consumed heavily influence clinical symptoms and outcomes. Early and close observation for seizures and adopting a lowered threshold for escalation to the intensive care unit are recommended in patients attempting suicide even when the dose ingested cannot be determined at that time, which is common during the early phases of treatment.
Immobilization of nickel on Kryptofix 222 modified Fe3O4@PEG core‐shell nanosphere for the clean synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Taghizadeh Akram , Noroozi Pesyan Nader , Alamgholiloo Hassan , Sheykhaghaei Golaleh 
Published: June 2022

The development of green‐based nanostructures is extremely compelling for their implementation in the catalytic arena. In this study, a new type of magnetically core‐shell nanocomposite was successfully designed to be used as a green catalyst for the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones under ultrasonic irradiation. Initially, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle (NP) cores were fabricated via the co‐operation method and subsequently coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). After that, the macro‐bicyclic Kryptofix 222 (KP222) functionalized on the surface of Fe3O4@PEG for graft and stabilization of nickel metal. The obtained Ni@KP222/Fe3O4@PEG nanocomposite was characterized by FT‐IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), wide‐angle XRD (X‐ray Powder Difraction), FESEM (Field Emiossion Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), VSM (Vibrating‐Sample Magnetometer), TGA‐DTA (Thermogravimetrtic Analysis‐ Differential Thermal Analysis), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) spectroscopy and technique. The findings indicated that high‐affinity KP222 ligand in the stabilization of Ni2+ and ultrasound irradiation catalyzed synergistically the formation of the 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones. The benzaldehydes with electron‐withdrawing and electron donor groups could react well with the amino benzamide under ultrasound irradiation in 5 min, indicating that the reaction was not sensitive to the electronic effects. Furthermore, the reusability test for the Ni@KP222/Fe3O4@PEG catalyst revealed successful recyclability for six runs. The current study provided a rational design and synthesis of multifunctional catalysts for catalytic applications.
Formation of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐embedded bioactive nanoparticles/collagen hierarchical scaffolds with the designed and customized porous structures
Authors: Yao Qin , Liu Shuifeng , Zheng Weihan , Chen Manting , Zhou Shuzhen , Liao Minjian , Huang Wenhua , Hu Yang , Zhou Wuyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biodegradable and bioactive bioscaffolds with suitable hierarchical structure, customized shape, and mechanical performance have great potential for biomedical applications especially in tissue engineering field. However, controllable and facile preparation of the related porous scaffolds remains obvious challenge. In this study, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐embedded hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles/collagen hierarchical scaffolds are facilely prepared basing on 3D printing of the pre‐crosslinked oil in water type Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) hydrogel. To be specific, in the HAP nanoparticle stabilized Pickering HIPEs, the aqueous phase contains collagen and genipin, and the oil phase is dichloromethane solution of PCL. After the pre‐crosslinking of aqueous phase, the prepared Pickering HIPE turns into emulsion hydrogel with high viscosity and shear thinning characteristics, which can be individually printed and then freeze dried to produce hierarchical scaffolds with the designed structures. The related multiscale pore structures are composed of mm‐scale macropores and μm‐scale micropores, and the related porosity is higher than 84%. Increasing PCL content obviously enhances the compression stress of scaffolds, particularly the compressive stress of porous scaffold prepared with PCL content of 14 w/v% is about 9 times as large as that of porous scaffold without PCL. The results of in vitro mineralization and cell culture assay show that the porous scaffolds have favorable apatite formation ability and biocompatibility. Thus, the prepared hierarchical scaffolds with the designed structures, customized shape and adjustable performance are promising potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
The Relationship of Pain Reduction With Prevention of Knee Replacement Under Dynamic Intervention Strategies
Authors: Jafarzadeh S. Reza , Neogi Tuhina , White Daniel K. , Felson David T. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveKnee replacement (KR) rates are increasing exponentially in the US and straining insurance budgets. This study was undertaken to investigate how many KRs would be prevented at different levels of pain improvement, a major target of osteoarthritis (OA) trials.MethodsWe used data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) to emulate a trial of knee pain interventions on KR risk changes. We modeled hypothetical 1‐, 2‐ or 3‐unit reductions of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale whenever a person reported a pain score of ≥5 (of 20) in an affected knee at any clinic visit. We used causal inference–based targeted learning to estimate treatment effects for hypothesized pain intervention strategies adjusted for time‐dependent confounding. Sensitivity analyses assessed interventions at WOMAC pain scores of ≥4 and ≥7.ResultsOf the 9,592 knees studied (n = 4,796 participants; 58.5% female; baseline age 61.2 years), 40.7% experienced WOMAC pain scores of ≥5. The estimated knee‐level (reference) risk of a KR, adjusted for loss to follow‐up and death, was 6.3% (95% confidence interval 5.0, 7.7%) in the OAI. Reductions of WOMAC pain scores by 1, 2, or 3 units decreased the KR risk from 6.3% to 5.8%, 5.3%, and 4.9%, respectively. Larger reductions in KR risk were achieved when interventions were applied at a WOMAC pain score of ≥4.ConclusionModest pain reductions from OA interventions would substantially reduce the number of KRs, with greater reductions achieved when pain decreased more and when interventions were introduced at lower pain levels.
Toward an impact‐driven framework to operationalize social justice and implement ICT4D in the field of information
Authors: Mehra Bharat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInformation researchers can further social justice and social equity to meet the needs of minority and underserved populations experiencing intersecting modes of cultural marginalization. Scholars of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) can find overlooked intersections with social justice in “community networking” research since the 1980s to overcome the digital divides between the haves and have‐nots. To frame social justice initiatives within a consolidated vision of ICT4D in the field of information, this article proposes an impact‐driven framework, expounded through five interrelated elements: why (motivations), with who (engaged constituencies), how (at external and internal levels to change traditional practices), and toward what (goal). It is explicated through select historical instances of “community networking” and digital divides, ICT4D, and social justice intersections. Significance of the elements is also demonstrated via this author's select information‐related social justice research conducted in the United States. The urgency for critical and reflective conversations is important owing to historically abstracted human information behavior theory development within information research outdated in multiple contextualized needs of contemporary times. Historically situating impact‐driven social justice research is important to further the relevance, existence, and growth of the information field as it strengthens its ties with ICT4D.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Mutolide and Analogues
Authors: Thiraporn Aticha , Saikachain Nongluk , Khumjiang Rungtiwa , Muanprasat Chatchai , Tadpetch Kwanruthai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe convergent total syntheses of three 14‐membered macrolide natural products, mutolide, nigrosporolide and (4S,7S,13S)‐4,7‐dihydroxy‐13‐tetradeca‐2,5,8‐trienolide have been achieved. The key synthetic features include Shiina macrolactonization to assemble the 14‐membered macrocyclic core, Wittig or Still‐Gennari olefination and selective reduction of propargylic alcohol to construct the E‐ or Z‐olefins. Cross metathesis was also highlighted as an efficient tool to forge the formation of E‐olefin. The three synthetic macrolides were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines as well as for inhibitory effect on CFTR‐mediated chloride secretion in human intestinal epithelial (T84) cells. Mutolide displayed significant cytotoxic activity against HCT116 colon cancer cells with an IC50 of ∼12 μM as well as a potent CTFR inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of ∼1 μM.
Preparation of Highly Stable and Electrochemically Active Three‐dimensional Interconnected Graphene Frameworks from Jute Sticks
Authors: Shah Syed Shaheen , Yang Hsiharng , Ashraf Muhammad , Qasem Mohammed Ameen Ahmed , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past few years, the environmentally friendly synthesis of nanomaterials, including graphene using green chemistry, has attracted tremendous attention due to its easy handling, low cost, and biocompatibility. Here we demonstrate a facile and efficient green synthesis route for producing highly stable and electrochemically active three‐dimensional interconnected graphene frameworks (3DIGF) from jute sticks. Initially, jute sticks derived three‐dimensional amorphous activated carbon nanosheets (3DAACNs) were prepared at low temperatures (i. e., 850 °C) in an inert environment. The resultant 3DAACNs were then heat treated at a high temperature (i. e., 2700 °C) under an inert environment, resulting in 3DIGF. The prepared carbonaceous materials were fully characterized, and various experimental techniques confirmed the preparation of 3DIGF. The prepared 3DIGF shows a highly stable nature in thermal and chemical environments and demonstrates a highly dynamic nature for the electrooxidation of sulfide. This study could be considered a vital contribution towards the economic and simple approach for preparing 3DIGF from biomass.
Comparison of radium analytical methods for municipal drinking water well operation
Authors: Mathews Madeleine , Scott Sean R. , Hunt Randall J. , Ginder‐Vogel Matthew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRadium (Ra) is a geogenic contaminant that occurs at high levels in the Midwestern Cambrian‐Ordovician aquifer system (MCOAS), a regionally important sandstone and carbonate drinking water aquifer. Water utilities using the MCOAS often must adopt treatment methods or use alternative water sources to maintain high‐quality drinking water. Here, we show that Ra in water obtained from a municipal well in Wisconsin remains consistent despite variation in pumping conditions. However, widely used analytical methods (e.g., scintillation counting) for measuring Ra are less precise for quantifying Ra variability given the site conditions. Although not currently used for EPA compliance, mass spectrometry improves the precision of Ra measurements by an order of magnitude over the currently used counting method (e.g., 95 ± 3 mBq/L vs. 110 ± 30 mBq/L) at the concentrations observed in this study. The use of more precise analytical methods will increase understanding of trends in Ra levels important for operating public water systems.