bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Changing Face of Drug-induced Adrenal Insufficiency in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Raschi Emanuel , Fusaroli Michele , Massari Francesco , Mollica Veronica , Repaci Andrea , Ardizzoni Andrea , Poluzzi Elisabetta , Pagotto Uberto , Di Dalmazi Guido 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition complicating heterogeneous disorders across various disciplines, with challenging diagnosis and a notable drug-induced component.

Objective
This work aimed to describe the spectrum of drug-induced AI through adverse drug event reports received by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Methods
A retrospective disproportionality analysis reporting trends of drug-induced AI was conducted on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (&gt; 15 000 000 reports since 2004). AE reports were extracted from FAERS over the past 2 decades. Interventions included cases containing any of the preferred terms in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities describing AI, and signals of disproportionate reporting for drugs recorded in 10 or more cases as primary suspect.

Results
We identified 8496 cases of AI: 97.5% serious, 41.1% requiring hospitalization. AI showed an exponential increase throughout the years, with 5282 (62.2%) cases in 2015 to 2020. We identified 56 compounds associated with substantial disproportionality: glucocorticoids (N = 1971), monoclonal antibodies (N = 1644, of which N = 1330 were associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors—ICIs), hormone therapy (N = 291), anti-infectives (N = 252), drugs for hypercortisolism or adrenocortical cancer diagnosis/treatment (N = 169), and protein kinase inhibitors (N = 138). Cases of AI by glucocorticoids were stable in each 5-year period (22%-27%), whereas those by monoclonal antibodies, largely ICIs, peaked from 13% in 2010 to 2015 to 33% in 2015 to 2020.

Conclusion
We provide a comprehensive insight into the evolution of drug-induced AI, highlighting the heterogeneous spectrum of culprit drug classes and the emerging increased reporting of ICIs. We claim for the urgent identification of predictive factors for drug-induced AI, and the establishment of screening and educational protocols for patients and caregivers.
A Biphasic Pattern of Reproductive Hormones in Healthy Female Infants: The COPENHAGEN Minipuberty Study
Authors: Ljubicic Marie L , Busch Alexander S , Upners Emmie N , Fischer Margit B , Petersen Jørgen H , Raket Lars L , Frederiksen Hanne , Johannsen Trine H , Juul Anders , Hagen Casper P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Minipuberty, a period of a transient activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in both sexes, enables evaluation of gonadal function in infants suspected of hypogonadism. However, female minipuberty remains poorly elucidated.

Objective
We aimed to establish continuous reference ranges for the most commonly used reproductive hormones and to evaluate the dynamics of the HPG axis in females aged 0 to 1 year.

Design
The COPENHAGEN Minipuberty Study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02784184), a longitudinal, prospective cohort study.

Setting
Healthy infants from Copenhagen.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 98 healthy, term female infants followed with 6 examinations including venipuncture during the first year of life.

Intervention(s)
None.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Serum concentrations of LH, FSH, inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and SHBG were quantified using highly sensitive methods in 266 serum samples.

Results
Reference ranges were established for LH, FSH, inhibin B, AMH, E1, E2, and SHBG. Two peaks were observed in normalized mean curves for all hormones. The first peaks were timed around postnatal days 15 to 27 followed by a general nadir for all hormones around days 58 to 92. The second peaks occurred around days 107 to 125 for inhibin B, AMH, E1, E2, and SHBG and days 164 to 165 for LH and FSH.

Conclusions
We present age-related, continuous reference ranges of the most commonly used reproductive hormones and present novel data revealing a biphasic and prolonged female minipuberty.

ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT02784184
Reductive Coupling of Benzofuran-2,3-diones with Ketones and Aldehydes by Low-Valent Titanium
Authors: Kise Naoki , Okada Kohei , Sakurai Toshihiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The reductive coupling of 4-unsubstituted benzofuran-2,3-diones with ketones by Zn-TiCl4 in THF at 0 °C gave 3-hydoxy-3-(1-hydroxyalkyl)benzofuran-2(3H)-ones. The same reaction at 30 °C produced 3-alkylidenebenzofuran-2(3H)-ones. On the contrary, the reductive coupling of 4-substituted benzofuran-2,3-diones with ketones by Zn-TiCl4 in THF at 0 °C yielded 2-hydoxy-2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)benzofuran-3(2H)-ones. On the other hand, the same reaction with aldehydes at 0 °C and at 30 °C resulted in 3-hydoxy-3-(1-hydroxyalkyl)- and 3-alkylidenebenzofuran-2(3H)-ones, respectively, irrespective to the substituent at the 4-position in benzofuran-2,3-diones.
Procedural Approach to Ultrasound-Guided Geniculate Nerve Blockade for Knee Pain in Patients with OA
Authors: Henry Stephen , Best Thomas M. , Jose Jean , Tiu Timothy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block can provide excellent pain control for patients with knee OA. This procedure has the advantage of providing sensory blockade with concomitant sparing of motor compromise, which is observed when the femoral and its lateral femoral cutaneous branches are blocked. Once the geniculate nerve of interest is identified, the operator can use ultrasound guidance to surround nerve fascicles with an injectate mixture of anesthetic and corticosteroid, yielding decreased pain sensation at the joint capsule. Given the role of the geniculate nerve in providing sensory innervation to the joint capsule and knee ligaments, blockade of this nerve can serve as a useful tool for managing patients with acute knee pain secondary to OA.
Accelerating Large-Scale-Structure data analyses by emulating Boltzmann solvers and Lagrangian Perturbation Theory
Authors: Arico' Giovanni , Angulo Raul , Zennaro Matteo 
Published: June 2022

The linear matter power spectrum is an essential ingredient in all theoretical models for interpreting large-scale-structure observables. Although Boltzmann codes such as CLASS or CAMB are very efficient at computing the linear spectrum, the analysis of data usually requires 104-106 evaluations, which means this task can be the most computationally expensive aspect of data analysis. Here, we address this problem by building a neural network emulator that provides the linear theory (total and cold) matter power spectrum in about one millisecond with ≈0.2%(0.5%) accuracy over redshifts z ≤ 3 (z ≤ 9), and scales10-4 ≤ k [h Mpc-1] < 50. We train this emulator with more than 200,000 measurements, spanning a broad cosmological parameter space that includes massive neutrinos and dynamical dark energy. We show that the parameter range and accuracy of our emulator is enough to get unbiased cosmological constraints in the analysis of a Euclid-like weak lensing survey. Complementing this emulator, we train 15 other emulators for the cross-spectra of various linear fields in Eulerian space, as predicted by 2nd-order Lagrangian Perturbation theory, which can be used to accelerate perturbative bias descriptions of galaxy clustering. Our emulators are specially designed to be used in combination with emulators for the nonlinear matter power spectrum and for baryonic effects, all of which are publicly available at http://www.dipc.org/bacco.
Level of nurses’ knowledge concerning prevention of hospital-acquired infections in surgical wards
Authors: Sierpińska Lidia , Jaworski Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections in surgical wards is associated with a high level of nurses’ knowledge and skills in the area of the observance of procedures, standards of prevention of infections, use of personal protection means, and isolation of patients infected with the alert pathogen.
Objective. The aim of the study was recognition of the level of knowledge concerning prevention of hospital-acquired infections among nursing staff in surgical wards.
Materials and Method. The study was conducted in 2021, and included 115 nurses employed in hospital wards in two hospitals. The research method was a diagnostic survey, the technique – a questionnaire, and the research tool – an author-constructed questionnaire.
Results. The majority of the examined nurses (68.0%) presented a ‘mediocre’ level of knowledge concerning hospital-acquired infections, while 38.9% - a ‘low’ level. More than a half of the respondents (60.0%) knew the purpose for hygienic handwashing. Approximately ¾ of respondents knew that there is no necessity for using sterile gloves during procedures related with the risk of contact with blood or body fluids. The majority of nurses in the study (62.5%) had a deficit of knowledge about transient flora inhabiting the skin, and 1/3 of respondents had no established principles of observance of personal protection means. More than a half of nurses (65.2%) did not know the objective of isolation of patients infected with an alert pathogen. Nearly a half of respondents (47.8%) knew that standard isolation is applied in each patient, irrespective of the previous medical history taking. Almost 2/3 of respondents (64.3%) knew that isolations applied in infections transmitted through contact, by airborne-droplet and airborne-dust routes are the types of above-standard isolation.
Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the need for expanding the scope of knowledge about prevention of hospital-acquired infections, the time of hygienic and surgical handwashing, as well as the principles of using personal protection means. The nurses presented a deficit of knowledge concerning transient flora of pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting the surface of the hands, and the principles of using personal protection means. Nurses require the expansion of the scope of knowledge about the goal and principles of standard and above-standard isolation of patients infected with alert pathogen.
Genetic stability of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Meloni) based on inter-simple sequence repeat and phenotypic characteristics
Authors: YUSUF ADIB FAKHRUDDIN , WIBOWO WIKO ARIF , DARYONO BUDI SETIADI 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Yusuf AF, Wibowo WA, Daryono BS. 2022. Genetic stability of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Meloni) based on inter-simple sequence repeat and phenotypic characteristics. Biodiversitas 23: 3042-3049.A new cultivar must have a character that follows the official criteria of distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) as required for the grant of Plant Breeder Rights and official cultivar registration. Meloni is a new cultivar resulting from plant breeding by the Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of the Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Legality is needed in the form of plant variety protection (PVT)to protect the intellectual rights of researchers. Therefore, this study aims to identify morphological characters according to official criteria and validate molecular feelings by using molecular markers Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat. The results of morphological characterization showed that the distinctive character of the Meloni cultivar lies in the oval shape of the fruit, the skin of the fruit is creamy with a smooth texture without the net, and the flesh of the fruit is orange with a sweet taste. The differences in morphological characters of the Meloni cultivar cultivated at two locations differ in fruit weight, flesh thickness, fruit shelf life, and harvest age. Molecular identification resulted in a low similarity in the phenetic relationship, namely 35% against Sonya cultivars and 51% against Kirani and Kinanti cultivars. The Meloni cultivar's stability and uniformity analysis between the two locations (Bandung, West Java, and Sleman, Yogyakarta) yielded 76%. The difference in cultivation locations did not affect the level of stability and genetic uniformity of the Meloni cultivar.
Limitation of Water Footprint Sustainability Assessment: A Review
Authors: Ansorge Libor , Stejskalová Lada , Vološinová Dagmar , Dlabal Jiří 
Published: June 2022

Water is nature resource that is essential for all life, for the functioning of ecosystems, and also for the human society. Sustainable use of water resource is important for sustainable development of human society. Water scarcity can lead to conflicts between different water users. Therefore, several sustainability assessment tools were developed in recent years. Water Footprint Sustainability Assessment, which is a part of Water Footprint Assessment methodology, is one of them. Each sustainability assessment tool has its own limitations. It is important to know these limitations because incorrect application of sustainability assessment can lead to erroneous or improper decisions. In this article, risks connected to the Water Footprint Sustainability Assessment are reviewed and discussed in several examples. Individual parts are focused on blue, green, and grey water sustainability assessment. The article contributes to the scientific debate on limits of Water Footprint Sustainability Assessment as the key element of everyday applications, identification of needs of future research and subsequent development of new or improved procedures of sustainability assessment in the framework of Water Footprint Assessment.
Keywords: volumetric water footprint; sustainability assessment; sustainable development; limitation of methodology
An Assessment of Orientation on Effective Natural Ventilation for Thermal Comfort in Primary School Classrooms in Enugu City, Nigeria
Authors: Mba Emeka J. , Sam-amobi Chinwe G. , Okeke Francis O. 
Published: June 2022

The current harsh climatic and high thermal conditions observed across the globe due to climate change is a challenge for indoor thermal comfort in buildings. In most developing nation, educational buildings where formal teaching and learning is conducted are designed to function without mechanical ventilation in an attempt to save energy costs hence relying solely on Natural ventilation. However, the effects of orientation on effective natural ventilation in educational buildings in the hot-humid tropical environments have not been adequately explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of orientation of the classroom buildings with respect to cardinal and wind directions on effective natural ventilation desired for thermal comfort in buildings of public primary schools in the city of Enugu, Nigeria. It adopted a combination of experimental and descriptive survey research design. Instruments for data collection were two thermo-anemometer data logging device (AZ 9871) for determining both indoor and outdoor temperatures, wind velocities and relative humidity of classrooms of selected 60 public primary school building in the metropolis based on stratified sampling technique. Data analysis was done using linear regression analysis, the global coefficient of ventilation and building orientation standards. The research results showed that there was a correlation between classroom building orientations and effective natural ventilation coefficient and that the mean natural ventilation efficiency of 80% above the 60% global ventilation efficiency standard was achieved. In addition, orientation of classroom buildings in terms of inlet window planes to the dominant wind direction had positive significant effect on natural ventilation efficiency, invariably influencing the thermal comfort conditions of the investigated classrooms. The research concludes that adequate attention should be given to the orientation in classroom buildings especially in the hot humid tropical environments by architects and building designers to ensure thermal comfort is achieved for effective teaching and learning.
Keywords: Building orientation, Natural ventilation, Tropical environment, Classroom buildings, Thermal comfort
A Country of Bricks – How to Transform Waste into Viable Products for Construction
Authors: Tănașcu Constantin-Iulian , Costache Robert-Andrei , Vintilă Lorian Ovidiu 
Published: June 2022

We live in complex times, in a world where the difference between rich and poor people is enormous. The distance between the two social categories increases from year to year, especially when in a certain year, events appear that can be included in the category of natural disasters and that have a very big impact on the security and well-being of the population. The study we propose considers two elements: an analysis of poor people, who do not have a stable shelter and who suffer greatly from it, but also a product we are working on and which could have a positive impact, both on them, as well as on the environment. The study we propose is based on data provided by EUROSTAT and the National Institute of Statistics (NSI), in order to determine the number and distribution of people who do not have a house or have a disused building in which they live. Based on the values ​​obtained in the period 2000-2019 we can determine, equally, the dynamics of declining population security (lack of housing or improper housing), as well as the positive impact on the environment, if this product will be implemented nationally. Attention must be focused on how to make the future product, brick. This attention is necessary because we use, in the construction of future bricks, raw material that may contain various bacteria that can, in turn, endanger the lives of the population, if the construction process is not checked at any time and if certain are not used. substances intended to destroy bacteria before the actual composition of the product and its assembly. On the one hand, the realization of this product will offer an extra chance in the fight against poverty by ensuring an optimal living environment. Building a house for people in the social category of poor people is a chance for them to start a new life. Every individual needs the security of a place to consider at home. On the other hand, the realization of this product has certain benefits for the environment. Based on the principle of the circular economy, the waste that currently pollutes most surfaces in Romania can be transformed into bricks and used to build houses or sell them to our neighbors. In this way, the quantities of waste stored in landfills can be reduced by up to 60-70%. At the end of the analysis and description of the product, we formulated certain courses of action in order to streamline the selective collection and increase the number of bricks, as well as certain courses of action that may be the basis of a future regional development strategy.
Keywords: Social Security, Circular economy, Ecology, Regional development
Innovative Methods of Assessing the Efficiency of Internet Communications of Enterprises
Authors: Tanasiichuk Alona , Kovalchuk Svitlana , Sokoliuk Kateryna , Sokoliuk Serhii , Liubokhynets Larysa , Sirenko Svitlana 
Published: June 2022

There are a large number of marketing communication tools that can increase the competitiveness of the enterprise by representing the advantages of the enterprise or its product over competitors on the Internet market. The main forms of enterprise promotion on the Internet are the website of the enterprise, search engine marketing, external company`s activity on the Internet, brand promotion on the Internet, Rich-media. The Internet, as a platform for advertising, is ahead of other media in terms of growth. Therefore, assessing the efficiency of advertising, in particular Internet advertising, as a tool for enhancing the product competitiveness, is an important task for business specialists. In analysing the advertising activities of domestic enterprises, we see that tools such as print, television and radio advertising are less in demand among advertisers, while the volumes of Internet advertising are growing many times over. It is obvious that the pandemic crisis phenomenon caused by the covid-19 virus affected the working innovative methods of enterprises of all spheres and industries, many of them switched to remote work, separate from the consumer, and consumers physically distanced themselves for security purposes and began spending more time on the Internet and on social networks. The study improved the innovative methods of assessing the efficiency of the implementation of Internet communications using indicators "Objectives and key result - OKR", "Key performance indicators - KPI", "Key success indicators - KSI", "Balanced score cards - BSC", "Search distribution coefficient ","Net Promoter Score", "Number of subscribers/channels", "Share of valuable outputs" as criteria. The importance of assessing business process and effective functioning of key indicators is substantiated, its measurement requirements are determined. All indicators are considered over time in order to be able to justify their value, to track the change of indicators in the dynamics, as all indicators should stimulate the implementation of important actions for the enterprise.
Keywords: Internet marketing, Internet communications, methods of assessing the efficiency of Internet communication tools
The Impact of The Tax Revenue Structure on The Economic Growth of The Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Shabani Halit , Misiri Valdrin , Kilaj Duresa , Morina Fisnik 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This scientific paper aims to analyze the impact of the structure of tax revenues on economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo. Based on the fact that taxes are unavoidable obligations for natural and legal persons, then the purpose of this paper was to see how they affect the case of the Republic of Kosovo.
Methodology: The empirical data that have been analyzed in this study are mainly secondary data which have been collected from the data of annual reports published by the Tax Administration of Kosovo, the Central Bank and the Kosovo Agency of Statistics, while the part of the literature review is referring to studies by other authors who have studied and analyzed similar tax-related issues.
Findings: Based on this scientific research and empirical findings, we can conclude that the structure of tax revenues and tax policy reform at the end of 2015 has positively affected economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo for the analyzed period (2010-2020).
Practical implications: This scientific research will serve as a good scientific reference basis for the Government of the Republic of Kosovo that the proper reform of fiscal policies for the benefit of businesses and households will have a substantial impact on savings and investments. On the other hand, the impact of the revenue structure from raising taxes has a positive impact on economic growth. As an important scientific result, regular payment of taxes by taxpayers will contribute to filling the consolidated state budget. Their proper channeling will suffice to improve infrastructure and facilitate the lives of citizens through adequate provision of public goods.
Originality: This study presents real and consistent results regarding the conclusions for the analyzed period (2010-2020).
Keywords: tax structure, tax policy, economic growth, VAT