bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Synthesis and Characterisation of Mucuna Pruriens Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Ram V. Vamshi , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan , Rajeshkumar S. , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the investigation and utilization of minuscule things and can be used over the different science fields, for instance, biology, chemistry, physical science, material science, and designing. In spite of the fact that advanced innovation requests the improvement of nanotechnologies in multidisciplinary science, including the creation of nanoparticles (NPs), it goes back from the Before-Christ time. Nanoparticles can be combined utilizing numerous techniques like physical, substance or organic, otherwise called green synthesis. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) semiconductor nanoparticles are one sort of significant and promising photocatalysts in photocatalysis as a result of their extraordinary optical and electronic properties. Mucuna pruriens, broadly known as velvet bean or cowhage is a leguminous plant that has been utilized for quite a long time in Ayurvedic medication.
Aim: The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the green synthesis and characterisation of Mucuna pruriens mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles using transmission electron microscope.
Materials and Methods: The titanium dioxide was synthesised using the seed extract of Mucuna pruriens. Analytical tools like UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron microscope were used to understand the surface chemistry of the TiO₂ nanoparticles.
Results: UV-vis spectroscopic analysis of TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized using Mucuna pruriens showed the peak at 280 nm and confirms the TiO₂ nanoparticles formation. Under transmission electron microscopes, the nanoparticles were spherical and some were in undefined shapes. The average size of the nanoparticles was 25-76 nm.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that the TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesised showed spherical shape.
Abies webbiana Ethanolic Extract Based Mouthwash and Its Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effect
Authors: Timothy Chris Noel , Nandhini J. S. Thaslima , Varghese Sheeja S. , Rajeshkumar S. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of Abies webbiana ethanolic extract based preparation of mouthwash and to compare these effects between different concentrations.
Background: Abies webbiana leaves have been used in traditional siddha and ayurveda systems of medicine for common ailments such as cough, loss of appetite, indigestion, mental disorders, rheumatism, bronchitis, pulmonary infection, asthma, antiseptic and decongestant. Abies webbiana commonly known as talispatra belongs to family Pinaceae. The plant is distributed throughout India, mostly in the Himalayan region from Kashmir to Assam states.
Materials and Methods: The preparation of Abies webbiana extract was done and antimicrobial activity of Abies webbiana were tested with Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus through agar well diffusion method. Each bacterial culture was spread on the Luria-Bertani agar plates. Dried extract of Abies webbiana, dissolved in autoclave distilled water to make 25mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 100mg/mL. Incubated for 24 hours at 37o C and diameter of zone of inhibition were recorded in millimeter and compared with standard amoxicillin. Cytotoxic activity of Abies webbiana was assessed using brine shrimp lethality assay. A total of 10 nauplii were added into the three replicates of each concentration of the prepared extract. After the period of 24 hours the remaining brine shrimp were counted.
Results: The results of the study revealed that the the Abies webbiana formulation based mouthwash is having significantly higher antimicrobial activity than the antibiotic against S. aureus at all the tested concentrations whereas against E. faecalis the antimicrobial effect was significantly lower than the antibiotic. Against S. mutans, higher concentrations of the mouthwash had the antimicrobial effect comparable to that of the antibiotic. The antimicrobial effect against C. albicans was very less for all the tested concentrations of the mouthwash and the antibiotic. This mouthwash also possessed cytotoxic effects on nauplii which were within normal limits and it was found that the nauplii alive was directly proportional to the concentrations except in the concentration of 40μl.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the current study, ethanolic extract of Abies webbiana based preparation of mouthwash shows the antimicrobial activity almost comparable to amoxicillin. It was also revealed that it possesses less cytotoxic effect against brine shrimp which are within normal limits.
Prevalence of Caries Secondary to the Orthodontic Treatment in Patients Visiting a Private Dental Hospital-A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ashritha M. , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment involving fixed appliance is a long term process. This treatment has a maximum risk of development of caries as proper oral hygiene maintenance would not be noticed. This increases the number of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus which would form a biofilm. The armamentarium used in this treatment like molar band, brackets etc. are plaque stagnant areas, which over a period of time leads to caries, gingivitis etc. Thus, proper oral hygiene should be maintained by patients.
Aim: The main objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of caries secondary to the orthodontic treatment in patients visiting a private dental hospital.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive study which was performed under a university setting where all the patients reported to Private Dental college and hospital, Chennai. The data was collected by reviewing patients records and analysed the data of 140 patients who underwent orthodontic appliance treatment between May 2019- December 2020. The population size of the study was found to be n=80. Data was collected, tabulated, statistical analysis was done using SPSS- IBM.
Results and Discussion: From the statistical analysis, it is observed that the total number of caries that could be seen after the orthodontic appliance treatment was more in males (58.23% ) when compared to females and the most commonly affected age is between 18-25 years with 49.37%. Moreover, the common tooth that affected were molars with 49.37%.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the current study, it is found that molars are the most commonly affected teeth and the age group which is affected the most is between 18-25 years. Thus, it is the imperative for dentists to provide preventive resin restorations, fluoride varnish and also proper instructions for maintenance of oral hygiene during the orthodontic treatment.
Effect of Chlorhexidine, Ozonated Olive Oil and Olive Oil Mouthwash on Oral Health Status of Patients with Gingivitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Akash N. , Rajasekar Arvina 
Published: February 2022

Background: Effective plaque control is important to prevent gingival and periodontal diseases. In recent years, Olive oil and Ozonated olive oil are gaining paramount importance in dentistry because of its minimal side effects as compared to chemical agents.
Aim: To assess the effect of olive oil, ozonated olive oil, and chlorhexidine mouthwash on oral health status of patients with gingivitis.
Materials and Methods: The present double blinded, parallel designed, randomized clinical trial was carried out among 66 gingivitis patients in the Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, India. Participants were assigned to three groups: 22 participants in each group [Group A (CHX mouthwash), Group B (OOO - Ozonated olive oil) and Group C (OO - olive oil)]. Complete ultrasonic scaling was done and subjects were asked not to use any oral hygiene aids and recalled after three days and the gingival index and OHI(S) were noted (baseline). Then subjects were provided with respective mouthwash and instructed to use them for 15 days. Again, gingival index and OHI(S) were noted after 15 days. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Software, Version 23.0). One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean values of gingival index between the groups. Tukey’s HSD post hoc test was done to find means that are significantly different from each other.Also, student’s paired t-test was used to compare the mean values of gingival index within the groups.
Results: A statistically significant difference was obtained between group A and C (p=0.000) and between Group B and C (p=0.000). However, there was a non-significant difference between mouthwash A and B (p>0.05) showing that OOO and chlorhexidine mouthwashes were equally effective in reducing gingivitis.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that efficacy of OOO was equally effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis as compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Therefore, oil pulling using OOO can be a better alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash.
Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Lippia nodiflora Leaf Extract against the Skin Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Thariny E. , Elumalai P. , Raghunandhakumar S. , Lakshmi T. , Roy Anitha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Skin cancers are cancers that develop on the surface of the skin. They occur as a result of the formation of irregular cells with the potential to infiltrate or migrate to other areas of the body. Natural medicinal resources, such as the traditional herbal remedy Lippia nodiflora, have long been used to treat dermatological disorders including skin inflammation and melanogenesis. Apoptosis serves as a promising pathway in controlling cancer. However there are minimal amounts of studies exploring its proapoptotic activity of Lippia nodiflora in skin cancer cells.
Aim: The aim of this present study was to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract against the skin cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were used to determine the cytotoxic effect of Lippia nodiflora leaf extract against skin cancer cells (B16-F10). The skin cancer cells were treated with different concentration Lippia nodiflora leaf extract for 24h. We calculated the optimum (IC-50; 20µg/ml) using the MTT assay, which was then used for further analysis. A phase-contrast microscope is used to analyse changes in cell morphology. AO/EtBr dual staining under a fluorescence microscope was used to determine the effect of Lippia nodiflora on B16-F10 cell death.
Results: In our research, the cell viability of the B16-F10 skin cancer cell line was dramatically decreased after treatment with different concentrations (5-60 µg/ml) of Lippia nodiflora for 24 hours. 50% inhibition was detected at a concentration of 20 µg/ml, which was determined to be an inhibitory concentration (IC-50) value and used in subsequent studies. The viable cell will possess a uniform bright green nucleus. Early apoptotic cells will have bright orange areas of condensed or fragmented chromatin in the nucleus. Late apoptotic cells will have uniform bright red nucleus.
Conclusion: The findings of this analysis revealed that Lippia nodiflora leaf extract inhibits the cell viability and indces apoptosis of skin cancer cells. Thus, Lippia nodiflora exhibits anti-cancer effects against skin cancer cells, therefore it raises new hope for anti-cancer therapy.
Anticancer effect of Digera muricata Leaf Extract against Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Vidyashri S. , Elumalai P. , Raghunandhakumar S. , Lakshmi T. , Roy Anitha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Prostate cancer has become a major health problem globally during the last few decades. It is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide and the fifth most common cancer overall. Chemotherapy or other cancer treatments including androgen depletion therapy, show high toxicity and cause serious side effects in cancer patients. Thus, there have been many studies conducted to find various natural products as potential anticancer drug candidates with low toxicity and fewer side effects for the treatment and prevention of prostate cancer. The Digera muricata of the genus Digera Forssk and family Amaranthaceae Juss. is a wild edible plant. The presence of phenol, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, sterols, tannins, glycosides and lignins is seen in Digera muricata leaf extract, which are reported to have cytotoxic activities.
Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to assess the cytotoxic effects of Digera muricata leaf extract on prostate cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic potency of Digera muricata leaf extract was carried out by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay against the prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. PC-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of Digera muricata leaf extract (25-150μg/ml) for 24h. Furthermore, the morphological changes were analysed using phase contrast microscopy and nuclear morphological changes examined using DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining under the fluorescence microscopy
Results: The MTT assay showed decreased cell vitality with increased concentration of Digera muricata leaf extract. The morphological study showed that the number of cells decreased after treatment and the cells exhibited cell shrinkage and cytoplasmic membrane blebbing. The treated cells also showed condensed chromatin and nuclear fragmentation
Conclusion: Within the limits of this study it can be demonstrated that the leaf extract of Digera muricata were cytotoxic and induced apoptosis to the cancer cells.
Automated Blood Analysers and Their Testing Principles: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ragav N. V. Hemanth , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R. 
Published: February 2022

Computerized hematology analyzers are the absolute most significant instruments in the present clinical laboratory. Hematology analyzers are the principal supplies in clinical labs. A very good quality, high-volume analyzers convey dependable red platelet checks, platelet tallies, and 5-section differentials of white platelets, recognizing lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. CELL-DYN SapphireTM is a very good quality hematology analyzer made by Abbott Technologies. The UniCel® DxH 800 Analyzer is a quantitative, automated hematology analyzer developed for use in clinical laboratories for in vitro diagnostic screening of patient populations. XE-5000 is an automated hematology analyzer used in clinical laboratories for in vitro diagnostic. XE-5000 can examine and can give output for 67 parameters. The XN-2000 platform combines two investigative components that can be customized to suit a specific clinical application. Without the need for large track-based structures, costly stains, or reflexive testing, the ADVIA® 2120i Hematology Machine will fully simplify your hematology lab. Photometry is the method used in hemoglobin measurement. The traditional method for counting cells is electrical impulse, otherwise called as Coulter Principle. It is used in most hematology analyzers. In optical light scatter measurement, through a diluted blood spectrum a beam of laser light is passed and that is projected into the flow cell by hydrodynamic focusing. This review aimed to overview the working principle of various Hematological analyzers in common use.
Production of Protease Enzyme and Antimicrobial Activities from Marine Actinobacterium of Streptomyces SP
Authors: Ananya R. , Sivaperumal P. , Roy Anitha , Lakshmi T. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria that have traits of both bacteria and fungus. They are found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats and aid in the breakdown of deceased species' organic matter. Marine actinobacteria are unusual in that they have antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, insecticidal, and enzyme inhibitory activities. The biggest genus of Actinobacteria is Streptomyces. They create more than two-thirds of all-natural antibiotics that are therapeutically relevant (e.g. Neomycin, Cypemycin, Grisemycin, Bottromycins, and Chloramphenicol). Alkaline proteases are generated by a variety of microorganisms, including yeast, bacteria, and plants. The process of destroying or suppressing disease-causing bacteria is referred to as antimicrobial activity. This is accomplished using a variety of antimicrobial potential as well as antiviral properties.
Aim: To find out the antimicrobial activity of protease enzymes produced by the Streptomyces sp of marine actinobacterium.
Materials and Methods: A sediment sample was collected and marine Actinobacteria were isolated in Kuster’s Agar Medium (KUA) and were identified based on their chemotaxonomical characteristics.
Results: Screening for protease was carried out to assess enzyme production and enzyme assay was carried out to assess the enzymatic activity. The effect and pH on enzyme production were observed. Then the antimicrobial potential of protease enzymes was tested against a few bacterial strains at optimum temperature and pH.
Conclusion: From the above study, we conclude that the protease enzyme obtained from Streptomyces shows a potential antimicrobial (antibacterial) effect.
Preparation of Methanolic Crude Extract of Padina Gymnospora Seaweed and their Anticancer Activities against Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Suresh Charanya , Roy Anitha , Sivaperumal P. , Thangavelu Lakshmi 
Published: February 2022

Background: Cancer is a major health problem worldwide and still lacks fully effective treatments. As a result, natural-products-based alternative medicines have been developed. Marine algae are a vital part of the marine environment, with high biodiversity and contain a diverse range of useful chemicals.
Aim: Aim of the study was to assess the anticancer activity of Padina gymnospora crude extract against lung cancer cell line
Materials and Methods: The Seaweed P. gymnospora was evaluated for its anti-cancer activity via MTT assay, further, morphological study of the cells was done to check its efficacy. Finally, the results were analyzed by Student's-t-test using MS-Excel, represented as mean ± SD for triplicates. The results were computed statistically (SPSS/10 Software Package; SPSS Inc., Chicago) using one-way ANOVA. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that P. gymnospora has significant anticancer activity. At the highest concentration, 500μl, methanolic crude extracts of P. gymnospora showed the maximum anticancer activity, where the cell viability was only 16.41+7.15. The morphological study also revealed that maximum cell death had occurred in the maximum concentration of the methanolic crude extract of P. gymnospora.
Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of algae-derived compounds and extracts in the food industry, there are still limited anticancer drugs available in the industry. Thus, it is imperative that new drug discovery programs using seaweeds with a much more mechanistic approach are needed.
Antiproliferative Efficacy of Centella asiatica Aqueoues Leaf Extract on Human Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Varshini Amirtha , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess the anti proliferative efficacy of Centella asiatica queoues leaf extract on human lung cancer cell line
Introduction: Centella asiatica (family Apiaceae), commonly known as Indian Pennywort, is an ethnomedical plant that is widely used in India for treating skin problems and for revitalizing the brain and nervous system. It has been reported to have various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, skin protective, radioprotective, immunomodulatory, memory-enhancing, and wound-healing properties. Asiatic acid and its derivatives possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic ,hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities. The aim of the study is to assess the antiproliferative efficacy of Centella asiatica queoues leaf extract on human lung cancer cell line.
Materials AND Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma-A549 cell line was procured from National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS, Pune), India.
The effect of Centella asiatica on cell viability was measured by MTT assay following the method by Mosmann Briefly, the cells (1 × 105 cells per ml) were seeded in a 96 well micro titre plate (100 μl per well) with replications. Treatment was conducted for 24 with different concentrations (50,100,150,200,250 and 300 μM) of Centella asiatica .After incubation, 20 μl of 5 mg/ml MTT stock solution was added to each well and incubated for 4 h at 37 °C. The obtained formazan crystals were solubilized with DMSO and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader (SpectraMax M5, Molecular Devices, USA). Cell viability (%) has been shown as a ratio of absorbance (A570) in treated cells to absorbance in control cells (0.1 % DMSO) (A570). The IC50 was calculated as the concentration of sample needed to reduce 50 % of the absorbance in comparison to the DMSO-treated control. Percent cell viability was calculated following the equation: Cell viability (%) = {A570od of ( sample)/A570 od of (control)} x 100
Results and Discussion: Results show that centella asiatica has an antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cell line. The characterisation of morphological changes in human lung cancer cells treated with Centella asiatica leaf extract compared to their respective controls were observed under phase contrast microscope.Visible destruction of the cancer cells were observed at the initial concentration of 25 microgram/ml. Further concentrations however showed increased antiproliferative activity proving it to be a potent anticancer drug.
Conclusion: This research concludes that centella asiatica leaf extract has a potent antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cell lines.However further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of the plants.
Preparation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Mint and Green Tea Formulation
Authors: Akshaya R. , Arivarasu Lakshminarayanan 
Published: February 2022

Background: Antioxidants are an essential defence mechanism to protect our body against free radical damage. They balance the production of free radicals and detoxify them when in excess. Green tea manufactured from dried leaves of camellia sinensis. Mint belongs to the genus mentha which is pungent in taste with post ingestive effects. A number of health benefits have been attributed to green tea, including prevention or control of atherosclerosis, hypertension, CHD, DM and Obesity.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the preparation and free radical scavenging activity of mint and green tea formulation.
Materials and Methods: To 100ml of distilled water, 1g of green tea leaves and 1g powdered mint is added. This Mixture was heated for about 15-20 minutes and then filtered using filter paper. The mixture was again heated and concentrated from 70ml to 20ml. And then free radical scavenging activity was done and % of inhibition value was calculated.
Results: This shows that 50μl concentration of DPPH activity shows 86% of inhibition. Higher concentration of DPPH activity shows higher percentage of inhibition.
Conclusion: From the study, it has been concluded that high concentration(in μl) exhibits a higher percentage of inhibition. The highest percentage of inhibition of antioxidant property in mint and green tea formulation is about 86%. It shows that green tea and mint formulation shows better antioxidant activity.