bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Plot Evaluation of Monitor for Control of Western Flower Thrips and Two Spotted Spider Mites, 1986
Authors: Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Micinski S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two large plot field tests were conducted on commercial farms near Shreveport, LA, to evaluate the effectiveness of Monitor (4EC) for control of western flower thrips and twospotted spider mites. Plots were ca. 20 acres in size except for the untreated plot on the Rich farm which measured about 5 acres. Treatments (rates of Monitor) were replicated once on each farm and data from each farm were analyzed separately using one-way ANOVA. Treatments were applied aerially in 3 gal of water/acre on the Connell farm and in 1 gal of water/acre on the Rich farm. Western flower thrips per bloom were estimated by visually examining 25 randomly selected white blooms per treatment on each sampling date. Numbers of thrips per leaf were estimated by visually examining the underside of the third fully expanded leaf below the terminal from 25 randomly selected plants per treatment. Spider mite populations were estimated by counting the number of mites (with the aid of a binocular microscope) within a 1 cm2 area at the base of the petiole of the third fully expanded leaf from the terminal of 10 randomly selected plants per treatment.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Insecticide Combinations Against Heliothis Spp. on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Micinski Stephen , Graves Jerry B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full-season field evaluation was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine the efficacy of various insecticides and combinations in controlling Heliothis spp. on cotton. Plots were 4 rows × 30.5 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Cotton was plated 16 Apr on 1.02-m centers. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a COa system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments were applied on 16, 29 Jul, 5, 12, 19 and 26 Aug. All plots were oversprayed on 17 May with Bidrin 8M (0.10 lb (AI)/acre) for thrips and on 13 and 25 Jun with Orthene 75S (0.1875 lb (AI)/acre) for plant bugs. Insect populations and plant damage were monitored 2-3 days following each insecticide application by examining 25 terminals and 25 squares/plot. Terminal counts (eggs and larvae) were not made following the last application date. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows from each plot on 11 Oct and 21 Nov. Insect data presented are seasonal means.
Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Aphids in Cotton, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin , Burns Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 112 cotton was planted 6 May at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Treatments were applied to plots that were 6 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with 2 X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Applications were made on 21 Jul. Insecticides were evaluated 3 and 7 days after treatment by randomly collecting 5 leaves from the upper third of plants in the center 2 rows of all plots. Leaves were placed in 1 qt mason jars and transferred to the lab for processing. A solution of water, soap, and bleach was added to the jars, and the samples in individual jars were washed through a series of mesh sieves (#100 and #40) in order to separate the aphids from leaf samples. The contents collected on the #100 mesh sieve were washed into a Buchner funnel and separated onto filter paper for observation under the microscope.
Insecticides for Suppression of Cotton Fleahoppers in the Texas Blacklands, 1986
Authors: Robinson John R. C. , Teetes George L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 4 Apr on 38 inch row spacings and was cultivated using standard management practices for the area. Four insecticide treatments and an untreated check were compared in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Plots were 12 rows wide and 95 ft long, but only the middle 8 rows were sprayed. Applications were made with a high-clearance, self-propelled ground sprayer using TX-4 hollow cone nozzles and calibrated to deliver 5 GPA at 40 psi and 4 mph. Insecticide treatments were applied 29 May and 6 Jun. Fleahopper density was sampled on 28 May and 4 Jun, prior to each application of insecticides. A final sample was delayed until 16 Jun due to rain. No additional insecticide applications were made because of the maturity of the crop and the low level of fleahopper infestation. Sampling consisted of examining 30 randomly selected plant terminals/plot for fleahopper adults and nymphs. Cotton fruiting rates were monitored over a 25-day period by counting white blooms on plants within a designated 20-foot section of row in each plot. White bloom counts were made Monday-Friday. Yield data were collected in a stratified harvest from two separate pickings of cotton from the same 20 ft row section used for counting white blooms. The harvested cotton was bur-extracted, ginned and weighed. Data were anlayzed by conventional analysis of variance and multiple comparison procedures.
Efficacy of Cythion RTU, Orthene and Monitor Against Early-Season Insect Pests on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Schmidt K. M. , Anderson R. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi, TX, to evaluate selected insecticides for control of early season insect pests on dryland cotton. Four treatments and an untreated were compared in 4-row by 50-ft plots of cotton planted 22 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied beginning at pinhead-square stage on 24, 29 Apr, 6 and 13 May. Applications were made with a CO2 pressurized (36 psi) backpack sprayer equipped with size 3-X hollow-cone nozzles. The application made on 24 Apr was directed over the row bed (i.e., one nozzle/row) at 2.2 gal total spray/acre, whereas all other applications were broadcasted over the row bed and middles (i.e., three nozzles/row) at 6.4 gal total spray/acre. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated by inspecting: (1) the terminals of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of fleahopper nymphs and thrips, and (2) the terminal leaves (third leaf from apex) of 10 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of aphids. Seed cotton was hand-harvested twice from a 6.8-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Control of Black Vine Weevil on Hops with Granular Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Baird Craig R. , Nyberg Carolyn J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in a commericial hop yard near Greenleaf, Idaho. Each plot consisted of 18 hills. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Granular insecticides were manually distributed around hills on 25 Sep '85 (post-harvest) and worked into the top 2 inches of soil with a hoe. Total larval counts were determined b&gt; screening soil around base of plant on 21-22 Apr '86.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control in Peanuts in North Florida, 1985
Authors: Funderburk J. E. , Gilreath M. E. , Gorbet D. W. , Herzog D. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were planted 10 May in Jackson Co. in an RCB design with 6 replicates. Plot size was 4 rows by 35 ft with 36 inch row spacing. The site had been in pasture the previous 15 years. The soil was primarily Tifton loamy sand with a moderate to high amount of organic matter. No rootknot nematodes and low levels of lesion nematodes were detected in preplant soil assays. Standard peanut production practices were followed. Telone applications were made in furrow at a depth of 8-10 inches with a tractor mounted gravity flow soil fumigator equipped with a single chisel per row. Granular insecticides were applied in a 10-12 inch band over the row with a manually powered Gandy. Dimilin was applied in 25 gal/acre of spray at 36 psi with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 3 nozzles/row. Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) populations were monitored with 2.5-ft adult emergence traps placed over the peanut foliage in the two outer rows of each plot. Traps were moved periodically, based on estimated LCB developmental time. Yields were harvested from the 2 center rows of each plot (2 rows × 35 ft × 6 reps). Peanuts were harvested 23 Sep.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1986
Authors: Ratchford Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice was planted 22 May on loessial silt loam soil at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots were sampled for root feeding larvae by taking 3 soil cores (9 cm dia × 10 cm deep) from drills rows, once a week, for 4 weeks after establishing permanent flood. Cores were processed by washing through a #40 mesh sieve and floating the larvae out in a saline solution. Granular insecticides were applied by hand shaker to plots measuring 9 square meters. Preplant treatments were incorporated into the top 5 cm of soil with a rotary tiller. Preflood treatments were applied 1 day prior to permanent flood (18 Jun). Postflood treatments were applied 1 week after permanent flood (27 Jun). Plots were mechanically harvested and yields were converted to lb/acre at 12% moisture.
Greenrug Control in Grain Sorghum, 1986
Authors: Michels G. J. , Behle R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Etter, TX was the site of a study to determine the relative efficacy of several insecticides for greenbug (GB) control in grain sorghum. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 2 rows wide by 50 ft long and surrounded by an untreated border to prevent overlap of sprays. Sprays were applied 21 Jul with a 4-nozzle hand-held spray boom at 28 psi boom pressure and 26 gpa. Aphid densities were based on 5 plants sampled per plot per evaluation. Triton (AG 98) was tank mixed with the RH 7988 treatments at 1:8 volume to volume. Greenbug evaluations were taken 1, 3, 7, 17, 21, and 28 days post-treatment. Harvest data consisted of machine harvesting 50 ft of row per plot on 14 Oct. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the treatment means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 0.05 level. Evaluations which represent aphid population densities were transformed to natural log values prior to analysis. The means obtained from the analysis were converted back to the original units and reported in the table. Yields were not transformed.
Apple, Concentrate Airblast Insecticide Test, 1986
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to 3 tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of York Imperial and 2 replicates of Golden Delicious. Sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer at 25 gal/acre/alternate side at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts/acre/both sides spray. Spray dates for the alternate side treatments were, 9, 17 and 27 May; 4, 12, 19 and 26 Jun; 7, 16, 23 and 30 Jul; 8, 15 and 25 Aug; 6 Sep. Lorsban 50WP (1361 g/acre) was substituted for the first 2 Danitol treatments and the Spur treatment on 27 May, 4 Jun (first Danitol treatment only), 12 Jun (first Danitol treatment only), 7, 16, 23 and 30 Jul; 25 Aug (2 Danitol treatments only); 6 Sep (2 Danitol treatments only). Kelthane 4F (1.89 liters/acre) was applied as a complete spray to the Larvin, TD-2207, Lorsban and control treatments on 30 Jul. Effectiveness on AA was evaluated by counting aphid-infested leaves/20 terminals. The effect of sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs/ 25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after 1 Jul and a picked sample on 23 Sep. Apple samples averaged 170 fruits/replicate and 680/treatment. Pest pressure was heavy throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/ treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate) 90-120 (moderate to severe).
Green Cloverworm and Green Stink Bug Control in Full Season Soybeans, 1986
Authors: Moss Teresa P. , McPherson Robert M. , Liu Bing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvin 3.2F and Pounce 3.2EC were evaluated for efficacy in controlling green stink bugs and green cloverworms in soybeans. Effects on the arthropod predators (spiders, nabids, and big-eyed bugs) also were examined in the conventionally planted soybeans being grown on the Z. L. Newsome Farm in Richmond County, VA. Soybeans were planted on a 36-inch row spacing on 26 May. Insecticides were foliar-applied on 22 Aug with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer at 30 psi that delivered 28.7 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual plots were 4 rows by 75 ft with 4 replications. Individual treatments were evaluated 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-days after application by comparing the number of pests and predators per 25 sweeps (using a 15-inch diameter net) in the treated plots to those in the untreated checks. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 25 feet of row from the center rows in all plots.
Pyrethroid Rate Study for Banded Sunflower Moth Control, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michel , Ford Harlan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was located at the Southwest Experiment Station at Lamberton, MN. Individual plot size was 4-30 inch rows by 35 ft in length. Plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block. The insecticides were applied at the 30% 5.1 stage of bloom. The application was broadcast with a CO2 sprayer using flat cone nozzles. Application pressure was 40 psi with approximately 20 gal of total material applied per acre. Heads were harvested by hand from the center 2 plot rows, dried, crushed and a pre-cleaning sample removed. BSM damage per 200 seeds was then counted. The crushed material from each plot was then cleaned and yield of clean seed recorded.
Aphid Control in Winter Wheat with Fall Applied Foliar Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Pike Keith S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were evaluated to determine their effect on grain aphids, barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and grain yield. Plots were planted on 30 Aug and 3 Sep ‘85 on the Washington State University, Headquarter (trial 1) and Roza (trial 2) Research Farms near Prosser, Washington, respectively, using a tractor-mounted 4-row belt-cone Almaco grain drill with double disc openers. Seeding rate was 40 lb/acre. Plots were 4 rows (12 inches between rows) by 17 ft in length, replicated 4 times in randomized complete block design. Applications were made at the 6-8 leaf seedling stage on 24 Sep ‘85 using a CO2 plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage. Sprayer output was 58 gal/acre at 40 psi. Plots were furrow-irrigated in the spring. Aphid control was determined on the basis of Berlese-TuUgren funnel aphid extractions (6 plants/plot/posttreatment sample). Plots were harvested 22-30 Jul ‘86 with a Hege Combine.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Mifflin County, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticide treatments were applied on 6 May for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 x 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a carbon dioxide sprayer 'vith four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 35 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. Granular formulations were mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay topdressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 78°F; soil temp, 62°F; % RH, 65; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, sandy loam; % soil moisture, 18; soil pH, 5.3; % organic matter, 4; water pH, slightly acidic; amount of rainfall occurring over posttreatment period, 2.8 inches, immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 28 DAT (3 Jun). Three ft2 sod amples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded. An average of 12 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded 6 May.
Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewiston, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen insecticide treatments and 1 entomogenous nematode were applied on 22 Aug for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 x 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, and mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay top dressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time, the following soil and enviornmental conditions existed: air temp, 75°F; soil temp, 74°F; % RH, 90; amount of thatch, 0.5-1 inch; soil type, loam; % soil moisture, 19.6; soil pH, 5.5; % organic matter, 4.1; water pH, 7.3; amount of rain occurring over posttreatment period, 1.7 inches. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made at 30 DAT (23 Sep). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded. An average of 18.5 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded 22 Aug.
Margosan-O Ovicidal and Larvicidal Efficacy Against Leafminer, 1986
Authors: Harris M. , Warkentin D. , Begley J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Jun, plants used in the larvicidal test were exposec to the leafminer colony, held until small mines could be counted and then sprayed to runoff with treatment solutions from a hand-held mist bottle. Following treatment, plants were maintained until larvae in the control group were well developed. Pupae were collected from each replicate, counted and held t&lt; determine adult emergence. In Jul the same procedure was followed for ovicidal testing with the following exceptions: plants were treated directly afte colony exposure, held 1-2 days at which time feeding punctures were counted. Small mine counts were made when control mines became evident. For eaci test 6 treatments and a control were evaluated with 4 replicates each.
Control of Hawthorn Lace Bugs on Pyracantha, 1986
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Gladin Jodie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hawthorn lace bug control was evaluated on approximately 400 ft of hedge around a track field on the OSU campus on Jun 26. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments consisted of 4 ft high, 10 ft long sections of hedge and each treatment was separated by a 5 ft section of hedge. Applications were made with a FMC DM 010 sprayer at 350 psi. Temperatures and wind velocity was 86° and 10 mph, respectively. Infestations were determined by counting adults and nymphs on 6 inches of terminal branch at 6 locations in each replication at 4, 9, and 14 DAT.
Elm Leaf Beetle Control with Carbofuran, 1986
Authors: Jones Alan H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 15 Apr, 11 juvenile American elm trees were randomly selected and treated with Furdan 15G, (carbofuran) at the rate of lg per 2.54 cm. trunk diameter at ground level. A second group of 11 trees served as untreated experiment controls. All trees ranged from 4 to 6 m tall and 10 to 17 cm trunk diameter at ground level. Each tree was planted in 1.2 by 1.8 m tree spaces along Lincoln Road in northeastern Washington, D.C. Carbofuran granules were applied by driving a steel pipe into the ground around the periphery of each tree space, creating 12 to 14 cicular holes from 2:5 to 5 cm deep. The granules were distributed evenly into each hole and then covered with soil. All trees were watered by rainfall only. On 8 Sep, all trees were examined and results recorded. Each tree was sampled by cutting three 30 cm branches from the tree crown and recording the estimated percentage of leaf surface skeltonized.
Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Efficacy Of Pesticides for Elm Leaf Beetle Control, Delaware, Co., Oh., 1985
Authors: Hall Richard W. , Barger Jack H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One-year-old potted elm, Ulmus spp., cuttings were sprayed with insecticides and subjected to a combination of atmospheric pollutants and acid rain treatments to determine if insecticidal efficacies against elm leaf beetle adults were affected. The experiment was a factorial design. The factors were 3 insecticides (Dursban, Mavrik Aquaflow, Sevin XLR) applied at recommended rates; 2 simulated acid rain (SAR) treatments (4.0 pH, ambient); 2 elm cultivars ('Homestead,' 'Pioneer'); 3 atmospheric pollutant treatments (0.1 ppm 03, 0.2 ppm S02 plus 0.1 ppm 03, ambient); and 3 to 6 replicates each. Fumigations were in 4 open-top chambers ca. 3 m in diam and 2.5 m in height. SAR solutions were made by adjusting the pH of deionized water with 2 parts H2S04 and 1 part HN03. SAR was applied through beta fog nozzles at 69 kPa in chambers equipped with platforms, 1.2 m in diam, revolving at 4 rpm. Weekly SAR and fumigation treatments began 13 Jun. These treatments were 45 min (1.27 cm) SAR followed by fumigation for 5 days at 7 h/day. Elms that were ttt treated with insecticides, fumigants or SAR served as controls. Cuttings were sprayed to runoff on 8 Jul (32°C, 62% RH, winds calm) using a 11.4-liter c impressed C02 driven R&D Model TS backpack sprayer equipped with a no. 5500 adjustable cone tip nozzle opened Vi turn from full closed at 206.8 kPa pressure. At 10 days postspray (Trial l)and at 37 Days postspray (Trial 2), insecticide efficacy was assessed by placing 5 or 10 elm leaf beetle adults in petri dishes with foliage from the different treatments. In Trial 1, foliage from 4 to 6 trees was used per treatment combination. In Trial 2, foliage from 6 trees was used per treatment combination (3 'Homestead' plus 3 'Pioneer'). Percent beetle mortality was determined in each petri dish after 48 h. Data were 3 lbjected to an angular transformation and analyzed by a 3 factor ANOVA at the 5% level. Where significant differences occurred, ANOVA was followed by an SNK multiple comparison test at the 5% level.
Christmas Tree Pest Control with Carbofuran, 1985
Authors: Lanier Gerald N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alternate trees in rows of Scotch pine and Douglas-fir Christmas trees were designated for treatment with carbofiiran (Furdan 15G, FMC) at 28 g or 84 g per tree (4.2 and 12.6 gm AI, respectively) or as untreated controls. The trees were 1.5-2 m tall and 6-10 cm stump diameter located near Lysander, NY. On 4 May treatment and control trees were designated and granules wei? applied 0-20 cm from the stems of treated trees at the surface of the soil cleared of litter. After treatment, granules were covered by litter. All Scotch pin.. had light to moderate infestations of pine needle scale and all Douglas-fir trees had needles bearing Cooley spruce gall adelgids. Trees were watered on! y by rainfall. On 9 Nov all trees were examined for insects and insect damage.