bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angular momentum of zero-frequency gravitons
Authors: Di Vecchia Paolo , Heissenberg Carlo , Russo Rodolfo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
By following closely Weinberg’s soft theorem, which captures the 1/ω pole contribution to the amplitude for soft graviton emissions (ω < Λ) on top of an arbitrary background hard process, we calculate the expectation value of the graviton’s angular momentum operator for arbitrary collisions dressed with soft radiation. We find that the result becomes independent of the cutoff Λ on the graviton’s frequency, effectively localizing at ω = 0. In this way, our result captures the contribution to the angular momentum that comes from the zero-frequency modes. Like the soft theorem, our formula has an exact dependence on the kinematics of the hard particles and is only a function of their momenta. As an example, we discuss in some detail the case of the 2 → 2 scattering of spinless particles in General Relativity and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity.
Holographic CFT phase transitions and criticality for charged AdS black holes
Authors: Cong Wan , Kubizňák David , Mann Robert B. , Visser Manus R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the holographic dual of the extended thermodynamics of spherically symmetric, charged AdS black holes in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The gravitational thermodynamics of AdS black holes can be extended by allowing for variations of the cosmological constant and Newton’s constant. In the dual CFT this corresponds to including the central charge C and its chemical potential μ as a new pair of conjugate thermodynamic variables, in addition to the standard pairs: temperature vs. entropy (T, S), electric potential vs. charge ($$ \overset{\sim }{\Phi},\overset{\sim }{Q} $$

Φ
~

,

Q
~

) and field theory pressure vs. volume (p,$$ \mathcal{V} $$
V
). For the (grand) canonical ensembles at fixed ($$ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},C $$

Q
~

,
V
,
C
), ($$ \overset{\sim }{\Phi},\mathcal{V},C $$

Φ
~

,
V
,
C
) and ($$ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},\mu $$

Q
~

,
V
,
μ
), based on the holographic dictionary, we argue the CFT description of charged AdS black holes contains either critical phenomena or interesting phase behaviour. In the fixed ($$ \overset{\sim }{Q},\mathcal{V},\mu $$

Q
~

,
V
,
μ
) we find a new zeroth-order phase transition between a high- and low-entropy phase at some μ-dependent temperature. Finally, we point out there is no critical behaviour in the fixed p ensembles, i.e. there is no p − $$ \mathcal{V} $$
V
criticality, and hence the CFT state dual to a classical charged black hole cannot be a Van der Waals fluid. Whether or not this phase structure is supported by CFT computations remains an interesting open question.
Illustrations of integrand-basis building at two loops
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , Langer Cameron , Zhang Yaqi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We outline the concrete steps involved in building prescriptive master integrand bases for scattering amplitudes beyond the planar limit. We highlight the role of contour choices in such bases, and illustrate the full process by constructing a complete, triangle power-counting basis at two loops for six particles. We show how collinear contour choices can be used to divide integrand bases into separately finite and divergent subspaces, and how double-poles can be used to further subdivide these spaces according to (transcendental) weight. Complete details of the basis constructed for six particles is provided in the supplementary material.
Quarks and gluons in the Lund plane
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Soyez Gregory , Takacs Adam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Discriminating quark and gluon jets is a long-standing topic in collider phenomenology. In this paper, we address this question using the Lund jet plane substructure technique introduced in recent years. We present two complementary approaches: one where the quark/gluon likelihood ratio is computed analytically, to single-logarithmic accuracy, in perturbative QCD, and one where the Lund declusterings are used to train a neural network. For both approaches, we either consider only the primary Lund plane or the full clustering tree. The analytic and machine-learning discriminants are shown to be equivalent on a toy event sample resumming exactly leading collinear single logarithms, where the analytic calculation corresponds to the exact likelihood ratio. On a full Monte Carlo event sample, both approaches show a good discriminating power, with the machine-learning models usually being superior. We carry out a study in the asymptotic limit of large logarithm, allowing us to gain confidence that this superior performance comes from effects that are subleading in our analytic approach. We then compare our approach to other quark-gluon discriminants in the literature. Finally, we study the resilience of our quark-gluon discriminants against the details of the event sample and observe that the analytic and machine-learning approaches show similar behaviour.
Complexity via replica trick
Authors: Alishahiha Mohsen , Banerjee Souvik , Kames-King Joshua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider the complexity of a single-sided AdS black hole as modelled by an end-of-the-world brane. In addition we present multi-boundary partition functions and matter correlation functions for such a setting. We compute the complexity using a modified replica trick corresponding to the “quenched geodesic length” in JT gravity. The late time behaviour of complexity shows a saturation to a constant value of order eS0 following a period of linear growth. Furthermore, we show that our approach leads to an improved result for the variance of complexity, namely it being time-independent at late times. We conclude by commenting on the introduction of dynamical end-of-the-world branes.
6D anomaly-free matter spectrum in F-theory on singular spaces
Authors: Grassi Antonella , Halverson James , Long Cody , Shaneson Julius L. , Sung Benjamin , Tian Jiahua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper we study the 6d localized charged matter spectrum of F-theory directly on a singular elliptic Calabi-Yau 3-fold, i.e. without smoothing via resolution or deformation of the entire fibration. Given only the base surface, discriminant locus, and the SL(2, ℤ) local system, we propose a general prescription for determining the charged matter spectrum localized at intersections of seven-branes, using the technology of string junctions. More precisely, at each codimension-2 collision of seven-branes, we determine the local seven-brane content and compute the number of massless string junctions modulo the action of the SL(2, ℤ) monodromy. We find agreement with the predicted results from 6d anomaly cancellation in all cases considered. Examples include a generic Weierstrass model with arbitrary Kodaira fiber intersecting an I1, as well as cases with jointly charged matter localized at intersections of non-abelian seven-branes.
Atypisches Vorhofflattern
Authors: Kottmaier Marc , Bourier Felix , Busch Sonia , Sommer Philipp , Maurer Tilman , Althoff Till , Shin Dong-In , Duncker David , Johnson Victoria , Estner Heidi , Rillig Andreas , Iden Leon , Tilz Roland , Metzner Andreas , Chun K. R. Julian , Steven Daniel , Jansen Henning , Jadidi Amir , Ewertsen Christian , Reents Tilko 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Gegensatz zum typischen Vorhofflattern handelt es sich beim atypischen Vorhofflattern um eine heterogene Gruppe von rechts- und linksatrialen Makro- bzw. Localized-Reentry-Tachykardien, deren kritischer Bestandteil zur Aufrechterhaltung der Tachykardie nicht der cavotrikuspidale Isthmus ist. Atypisches Vorhofflattern tritt gehäuft nach vorangegangener Katheterablation sowie nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen auf. Die intraprozedurale Erfolgsrate während der Ablation ist hoch, wobei die Rezidivrate von strukturellen Veränderungen der Vorhöfe sowie des zugrundeliegenden Mechanismus abhängig ist. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Mechanismen sowie über Mapping- und Ablationsstrategien der häufigsten Formen von rechts- und linksatrialem atypischem Vorhofflattern. Dieser Beitrag ist Teil der Serie „EP-Basics“ zur gezielten Fortbildung im Bereich Invasive Elektrophysiologie. Grundlagen, Klinik und Therapie des atypischen Vorhofflatterns werden mit Fokus auf klinisch relevante Aspekte dargelegt. Vorgehensweise und Befunde der invasiven elektrophysiologischen Diagnostik und die Ablationsbehandlung bilden den Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels.
Theoriewissen als hilfreiche Fertigkeit in der Psychotherapie?
Authors: Storck Timo 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungPsychotherapeutische Verfahren beruhen auf Psychotherapie-Theorien. Eine offene Frage bleibt dabei, welche Rolle Theorie nicht nur für die, sondern spezifisch in der klinischen Praxis spielt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird entworfen, was unter einer Allgemeinen und einer Spezifischen Theoretischen Psychotherapie verstanden werden kann, und wie sich die damit im Zusammenhang stehende konzeptuelle Kompetenz in der Psychotherapie operationalisieren lässt. Dazu wird auf das Konzept der therapeutischen Arbeitsmodelle zurückgegriffen. Der Einsatz von Theorie in Behandlungen kann einerseits als eine Brücke zum Fallverstehen fungieren, andererseits als ein Graben, der die Arbeit in der therapeutischen Beziehung erschwert. Abschließend werden Ideen zur didaktischen Vermittlung konzeptueller Kompetenz skizziert.
Schätzung der Gewebeabsorption aus medizinischen Ultraschall-Bildern
Authors: Brandner Dinah Maria , Zagar Bernhard G. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungUltraschall ist eine sich im Gewebe ausbreitende mechanische Welle, die von den lokal vorherrschenden akusto-mechanischen Gegebenheiten in ihrem Ausbreitungsverhalten beeinflusst wird. Durch geeignete Verarbeitung der rückgestreuten und vom Ultraschallwandler empfangenen Signale kann daher auf Gewebeparameter, wie lokal wirkende Kompressionsmodule, Massendichte, Schallgeschwindigkeit, den isotropen Streukoeffizienten, aber auch auf die lokal wirkende Gewebeabsorption rückgeschlossen werden. Eine Disziplin, die in den letzten Jahren vermehrt Aufmerksamkeit in den wissenschaftlichen Publikationen zur medizinischen Ultraschallbildgebung gefunden hat, ist die Quantitative Ultraschall(QUS)-Analyse. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir verschiedene Algorithmen zur Schätzung der örtlich hochaufgelösten Gewebeabsorption. Denn es wurde gezeigt, dass die Bereitstellung von farbcodierten Overlays von Absorptionsparametern über die herkömmlichen B‑mode-Ultraschall-Bilder, die ausschließlich die Morphologie darstellen, die diagnostische Qualität wesentlich verbessern kann.
In-plane instability of shallow layered arches with interlayer slip
Authors: Adam Christoph , Ladurner Dominik , Furtmüller Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a beam theory for predicting limit point buckling and bifurcation buckling of shallow arches composed of two layers flexibly bonded is presented. The flexibility of layer bond results in interlayer slip, which significantly affects the critical transverse loads. The presented theory is based on a layerwise assumption of the Euler–Bernoulli theory and a linear behavior of the interlayer. After establishing the equilibrium equations and boundary conditions, a numerical method for efficient solution of these equations is provided. In a first example, the presented theory is validated by comparative computations with a much more elaborate finite element analysis assuming a plane stress state. In several other examples, the effect of interlayer stiffness, load distribution and boundary conditions on the stable and unstable equilibrium paths of shallow arches with interlayer slip is investigated.
Could Tailored Chirp Stimuli Benefit Measurement of the Supra-threshold Auditory Brainstem Wave-I Response?
Authors: de Boer Jessica , Hardy Alexander , Krumbholz Katrin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAuditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to broadband clicks are strongly affected by dyssynchrony, or “latency dispersion”, of their frequency-specific cochlear contributions. Optimized chirp stimuli, designed to compensate for cochlear dispersion, can afford substantial increase in broadband ABR amplitudes, particularly for the prominent wave-V deflection. Reports on the smaller wave I, however, which may be useful for measuring cochlear synaptopathy, have been mixed. This study aimed to test previous claims that ABR latency dispersion differs between waves I and V, and between males and females, and thus that using wave- and/or sex-tailored chirps may provide more reliable wave-I benefit. Using the derived-band technique, we measured responses from frequency-restricted (one-octave-wide) cochlear regions to energy-matched click and chirp stimuli. The derived-band responses’ latencies were used to assess any wave- and/or sex-related dispersion differences across bands, and their amplitudes, to evaluate any within-band dispersion differences. Our results suggest that sex-related dispersion difference within the lowest-frequency cochlear regions (< 1 kHz), where dispersion is generally greatest, may be a predominant driver of the often-reported sex difference in broadband ABR amplitude. At the same time, they showed no systematic dispersion difference between waves I and V. Instead, they suggest that reduced chirp benefit on wave I may arise as a result of chirp-induced desynchronization of on- and off-frequency responses generated at the same cochlear places, and resultant reduction in response contributions from higher-frequency cochlear regions, to which wave I is thought to be particularly sensitive.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Automated Directly Observed Therapy for Measurement and Support of PrEP Adherence Among Young Men Who have Sex with Men
Authors: Buchbinder Susan P. , Siegler Aaron J. , Coleman Kenneth , Vittinghoff Eric , Wilde Gretchen , Lockard Annie , Scott Hyman , Anderson Peter L. , Laborde Nicole , van der Straten Ariane , Christie Richard H. , Marlborough Michelle , Liu Albert Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMeasurement of adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in real-time has been challenging. We developed DOT Diary, a smartphone application that combines automated directly observed therapy with a PrEP adherence visualization toolkit, and tested its ability to measure PrEP adherence and to increase adherence among a diverse cohort of young men who have sex with men (MSM). We enrolled 100 MSM in San Francisco and Atlanta and randomly assigned them 2:1 to DOT Diary versus standard of care. Concordance between DOT Diary measurement and drug levels in dried blood spots was substantial, with 91.0% and 85.3% concordance between DOT Diary and emtricitabine-triphosphate and tenofovir-diphosphate, respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants with detectable PrEP drug levels at 24 weeks between study arms. These results suggest DOT Diary is substantially better than self-reported measures of adherence, but additional interventions are needed to improve PrEP adherence over time.
Obesity, cancer risk, and time-restricted eating
Authors: Das Manasi , Webster Nicholas J. G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity and the associated metabolic syndrome is considered a pandemic whose prevalence is steadily increasing in many countries worldwide. It is a complex, dynamic, and multifactorial disorder that presages the development of several metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, and increases the risk of cancer. In patients with newly diagnosed cancer, obesity worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of recurrence and decreasing survival. The multiple negative effects of obesity on cancer outcomes are substantial, and of great clinical importance. Strategies for weight control have potential utility for both prevention efforts and enhancing cancer outcomes. Presently, time-restricted eating (TRE) is a popular dietary intervention that involves limiting the consumption of calories to a specific window of time without any proscribed caloric restriction or alteration in dietary composition. As such, TRE is a sustainable long-term behavioral modification, when compared to other dietary interventions, and has shown many health benefits in animals and humans. The preliminary data regarding the effects of time-restricted feeding on cancer development and growth in animal models are promising but studies in humans are lacking. Interestingly, several short-term randomized clinical trials of TRE have shown favorable effects to reduce cancer risk factors; however, long-term trials of TRE have yet to investigate reductions in cancer incidence or outcomes in the general population. Few studies have been conducted in cancer populations, but a number are underway to examine the effect of TRE on cancer biology and recurrence. Given the simplicity, feasibility, and favorable metabolic improvements elicited by TRE in obese men and women, TRE may be useful in obese cancer patients and cancer survivors; however, the clinical implementation of TRE in the cancer setting will require greater in-depth investigation.
Optimizing production levels in maritime inventory routing with load-dependent speed optimization
Authors: Algendi Abdalrahman , Urrutia Sebastián , Hvattum Lars Magnus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaritime inventory routing problems with load-dependent speed optimization involves determining optimal routes, as well as vessel speeds and loads at these routes, so that inventory limits are satisfied at both production and consumption ports. This paper considers a variant where production rates can be selected from several available alternative production levels, as opposed to the normal situation where production rates are chosen a priori. In both cases, production rates remain constant for the duration of the planning horizon. The effect on transportation costs when considering production levels as decision variables is evaluated. The resulting solutions are compared with solutions obtained when production rates are considered as fixed parameters. Computational experiments on a set of benchmark instances from the literature confirm that the process of determining the optimal production levels plays a crucial role in improving the solutions to maritime inventory routing problems with load-dependent speed optimization. Optimizing the production levels can reduce transportation costs by up to 35%.
The best choice for low and moderate myopia patients incapable for corneal refractive surgery: implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens
Authors: Wang Qin , Fan Lina , Zhou Qizhi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the early clinical outcomes of central hole phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICLV4c) implantation for low and moderate myopia correction.

Methods
This retrospective clinical study included 27 patients(47 eyes)who underwent ICLV4c implantation to correct myopia with spherical equivalent (SE) between − 1.75D and −6.0D. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), vault, and endothelial cell density (ECD) were evaluated after surgery.

Results
At one year follow-up, the postoperative UCVA of patients was higher than the preoperative CDVA and showed a stable trend. There was no significant difference in ECD (p > 0.05) one month after the surgery, the vault was 0.77 ± 0.32 mm, which decreased to 0.63 ± 0.26 mm after one year of surgery. Similarly, ACD was 3.24 ± 0.25 mm in the preoperative, which decreased significantly to 2.05 ± 0.39 mm at one month, while rose to 2.2 ± 0.39 mm at one year after surgery. There was no significant correlation between IOP and ACD and vault at one month and one year after surgery. The correlation coefficient between ACD and vault was found to be − 0.72 at one month after surgery, while the same −0.71 after one year. One patient developed visual fatigue, one with glare, and while no other complications were observed with the rest of the patients.

Conclusion
The ICL implantation is a safe, effective and stable method to correct low and moderate myopia, and may be a good alternative for patients with low and moderate myopia who cannot undergo corneal refractive surgery.
Programming in school technology education: the shaping of a new subject content
Authors: Vinnervik Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Sweden, as in many other countries, programming has been added to the curriculum in recent years. This paper explores how and under what conditions programming is transformed into teaching in technology education. Teachers in grade 7–9 were interviewed about what and how they teach about programming in the context of technology education, and what influenced the choices they made. Data was analysed using content analysis. The results suggest that teachers mainly see programming as a medium to explore and understand technological systems and construction work. The results further implies that teachers are uncertain of what programming means in terms of practices and concepts, and how programming knowledge can be assessed. The process of transformation presents teachers with several challenges, related to their own knowledge of programming, quality of teaching materials, and knowing pupils’ prior knowledge about programming. In addition, the results indicate that technology teachers work in isolation. In consequence, the intended interdisciplinary collaboration between technology and mathematics teachers on programming is largely absent.
Drone as a Target of Terrorist Attack and a Weapon Against Terrorism – Analysis in the Light of International Law
Authors: Osiecki Mateusz , Fortońska Agnieszka , Berus Matylda , Włodarczyk Marta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnmanned aircraft vehicles (or “UAVs”) have became a symbol of modernity and development of aviation, both in its civil and military sector. Stronger connection of UAVs with air industry means not only many advantages for air travellers and military forces, but also potential involvement in terrorism. Unmanned aircraft serving civil air transport can become target of terrorist attack. On the other hand, such a device can also be used as a handful weapon in fight against terrorism. The aim of hereby article is to study both such aspects of usage of UAVs from legal perspective in order to answer a question whether provisions of international law currently being in force accurately reflect the reality of fight against terrorism. For that purpose, applied is research based on a method of analysis of relevant legal acts (conventions forming Tokyo-Hague-Montreal-Beijing system and documents related to international humanitarian law) and critical commentary thereto, enriched with practical review of real and current cases involving unmanned aircraft vehicles.
Mindfulness and Relaxation-Based Interventions to Reduce Parental Stress, Anxiety and/or Depressive Symptoms in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ginsberg Kristin Harrison , Alsweiler Jane , Alyami Mohsen , Serlachius Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParents with infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Mindfulness and relaxation-based interventions are effective in reducing distress in the general postpartum population. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate whether mindfulness and/or relaxation-based interventions reduce stress, anxiety, and depression in NICU parents. A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality using the Downs & Black Checklist. The most consistent results in this review suggest that mindfulness and/or relaxation-based interventions may be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms in NICU parents, with moderate to large effect sizes, and show promise in reducing depressive symptoms. The findings show limited potential benefits on parental stress. Methodological weaknesses, heterogeneous intervention factors (including format and length), and varying participant adherence hinder the ability to make strong conclusions. Directions for future research are discussed.