bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Evaluate Long COVID-19 Symptoms in Adults
Authors: Durstenfeld Matthew S. , Sun Kaiwen , Tahir Peggy , Peluso Michael J. , Deeks Steven G. , Aras Mandar A. , Grandis Donald J. , Long Carlin S. , Beatty Alexis , Hsue Priscilla Y. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceReduced exercise capacity is commonly reported among individuals with COVID-19 symptoms more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID-19 [LC]). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the criterion standard to measure exercise capacity and identify patterns of exertional intolerance.ObjectivesTo estimate the difference in exercise capacity among individuals with and without LC symptoms and characterize physiological patterns of limitations to elucidate possible mechanisms of LC.Data SourcesA search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, preprint servers, conference abstracts, and cited references was performed on December 20, 2021, and again on May 24, 2022. A preprint search of medrxiv.org, biorxiv.org, and researchsquare.com was performed on June 9, 2022.Study SelectionStudies of adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection more than 3 months earlier that included CPET-measured peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2) were screened independently by 2 blinded reviewers; 72 (2%) were selected for full-text review, and 35 (1%) met the inclusion criteria. An additional 3 studies were identified from preprint servers.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers according to the PRISMA reporting guideline. Data were pooled using random-effects models.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDifference in peak V̇o2 (in mL/kg/min) among individuals with and without persistent COVID-19 symptoms more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsA total of 38 studies were identified that performed CPET on 2160 individuals 3 to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 1228 with symptoms consistent with LC. Most studies were case series of individuals with LC or cross-sectional assessments within posthospitalization cohorts. Based on a meta-analysis of 9 studies including 464 individuals with LC symptoms and 359 without symptoms, the mean peak V̇o2 was −4.9 (95% CI, −6.4 to −3.4) mL/kg/min among those with symptoms with a low degree of certainty. Deconditioning and peripheral limitations (abnormal oxygen extraction) were common, but dysfunctional breathing and chronotropic incompetence were also described. The existing literature was limited by small sample sizes, selection bias, confounding, and varying symptom definitions and CPET interpretations, resulting in high risk of bias and heterogeneity.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis study suggest that exercise capacity was reduced more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals with symptoms consistent with LC compared with individuals without LC symptoms, with low confidence. Potential mechanisms for exertional intolerance other than deconditioning include altered autonomic function (eg, chronotropic incompetence, dysfunctional breathing), endothelial dysfunction, and muscular or mitochondrial pathology.
Heterogeneous RNA editing and influence of ADAR2 on mesothelioma chemoresistance and the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Hariharan Ananya , Qi Weihong , Rehrauer Hubert , Wu Licun , Ronner Manuel , Wipplinger Martin , Kresoja‐Rakic Jelena , Sun Suna , Oton‐Gonzalez Lucia , Sculco Marika , Serre‐Beinier Véronique , Meiller Clément , Blanquart Christophe , Fonteneau Jean‐François , Vrugt Bart , Rüschoff Jan Hendrik , Opitz Isabelle , Jean Didier , de Perrot Marc , Felley‐Bosco Emanuela 
Published: October 2022

We previously observed increased levels of adenosine‐deaminase‐acting‐on‐dsRNA (Adar)‐dependent RNA editing during mesothelioma development in mice exposed to asbestos. The aim of this study was to characterize and assess the role of ADAR‐dependent RNA editing in mesothelioma. We found that tumors and mesothelioma primary cultures have higher ADAR‐mediated RNA editing compared to mesothelial cells. Unsupervised clustering of editing in different genomic regions revealed heterogeneity between tumor samples as well as mesothelioma primary cultures. ADAR2 expression levels are higher in BRCA1‐associated protein 1 wild‐type tumors, with corresponding changes in RNA editing in transcripts and 3'UTR. ADAR2 knockdown and rescue models indicated a role in cell proliferation, altered cell cycle, increased sensitivity to antifolate treatment, and type‐1 interferon signaling upregulation, leading to changes in the microenvironment in vivo. Our data indicate that RNA editing contributes to mesothelioma heterogeneity and highlights an important role of ADAR2 not only in growth regulation in mesothelioma but also in chemotherapy response, in addition to regulating inflammatory response downstream of sensing nucleic acid structures.
Influence of inlet turbulent condition on the formation mechanism of local scalar concentrations
Authors: Yamasawa Haruna , Hirayama Teruaki , Kuga Kazuki , Muta Ryota , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Ito Kazuhide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the existing ventilation design, the ventilation rate is defined by the time‐averaged flow rate, and the fluctuating (turbulence) component is not typically considered. However, inlet turbulent conditions are also assumed to have some influence on the formation of contaminant distributions. Therefore, the influence of turbulent kinetic energy at the inlet boundary on scalar transportation in an indoor environment needs to be elucidated when discussing the ventilation rate setpoint via the supply inlet in terms of local contaminant concentration control. This study discusses the impact of turbulent kinetic energy in the ventilation design on scalar transfer and its distribution within an enclosed space. To understand the influence of various inlet turbulent boundary conditions on scalar transfer, a computational fluid dynamics analysis was conducted using two different room models: a simple room and a room with a ventilation system that creates a large velocity gradient. The results indicate that scalar transfer within the room is not solely dominated by the averaged velocity input at the inlet boundary but is also strongly affected by the turbulence conditions at the inlet boundary. The numerical results indicate the possibility of a new ventilation design strategy that simultaneously considers the transfer of turbulent components and contaminants.
A Water‐Soluble AIEgen for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Kidney Fibrosis via SWIR Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Yan Dingyuan , Li Tingting , Yang Yilin , Niu Niu , Wang Deliang , Ge Jinyin , Wang Lei , Zhang Ruiping , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarly diagnosis of renal fibrosis is crucially significant on account of its worldwide prevalent tendency. Optical imaging in the near‐infrared window has been recognized as an appealing technique for the timely detection of renal dysfunction. However, formulating a contrast agent that allows early monitoring of renal fibrosis and concurrently renally clearable in a normal group is still challenging. Herein, a nanosized fluorophore with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) features, namely AIE‐4PEG550 NPs, is well‐tailored and amenable to longitudinal visualization of the fibrosis progression specifically in the early‐stage via short‐wave infrared (SWIR, 900–1700 nm) fluorescence and photoacoustic bimodal imaging. The small size (≈26 nm), renally filtrable molecular weight (3.3 kDa), high renal clearance efficiency (93.1 ± 1.7% excretion through the kidneys within 24 h), outstanding imaging performance, and good biocompatibility, together make AIE‐4PEG550 NPs remarkably impressive and far superior to clinical diagnostic assays. The finding in this study would provide a blueprint for the next generation of diagnostic agents for the extent of renal fibrosis.
A Self‐Powered Dielectrophoretic Microparticle Manipulation Platform Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Zhou Jian , Tao Ye , Xue Rui , Ren Yukun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLab‐on‐a‐chip systems aim to integrate laboratory operations on a miniaturized device with broad application prospects in the field of point‐of‐care testing. However, bulky peripheral power resources, such as high‐voltage supplies, function generators, and amplifiers, hamper the commercialization of the system. In this work, a portable, self‐powered microparticle manipulation platform based on triboelectrically driven dielectrophoresis (DEP) is reported. A rotary freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (RF‐TENG) and rectifier/filter circuit supply a high‐voltage direct‐current signal to form a non‐uniform electric field within the microchannel, realizing controllable actuation of the microparticles through DEP. The operating mechanism of this platform and the control performance of the moving particles are systematically studied and analyzed. Randomly distributed particles converge in a row after passing through the serpentine channel and various particles are separated owing to the different DEP forces. Ultimately, the high‐efficiency separation of live and dead yeast cells is achieved using this platform. RF‐TENG as the power source for lab‐on‐a‐chip exhibits better safety and portability than traditional high‐voltage power sources. This study presents a promising solution for the commercialization of lab‐on‐a‐chip.
Metabolic Homeostasis‐Regulated Nanoparticles for Antibody‐Independent Cancer Radio‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Shen Wenhao , Liu Teng , Pei Pei , Li Junmei , Yang Sai , Zhang Yanxiang , Zhou Hailin , Hu Lin , Yang Kai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe special metabolic traits of cancer cells and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are promising targets for developing novel cancer therapy strategies, especially the glycolysis and mitochondrial energy metabolism. However, therapies targeting a singular metabolic pathway are always counteracted by the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. Herein, this work employs poly(ethylene glycol)‐coated (PEGylated) liposomes as the drug delivery system for both mannose and levamisole hydrochloride to simultaneously inhibit glycolysis and restrain mitochondrial energy metabolism and thus inhibit tumor growth. In combination with radiotherapy, the liposomes can not only modulate the immunosuppressive TME by cellular metabolism regulation to achieve potent therapeutic effect for local tumors, but also suppress the M2 macrophage proliferation triggered by X‐ray irradiation and thus enhance the immune response to inhibit metastatic lesions. In brief, this work provides a new therapeutic strategy targeting the special metabolic traits of cancer cells and immunosuppressive TAMs to enhance the abscopal effect of radiotherapy for cancer.
CADASIL Affects Multiple Aspects of Cerebral Small Vessel Function on 7T‐MRI
Authors: van den Brink Hilde , Kopczak Anna , Arts Tine , Onkenhout Laurien , Siero Jeroen C.W. , Zwanenburg Jaco J.M. , Hein Sandra , Hübner Mathias , Gesierich Benno , Duering Marco , Stringer Michael S. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Joutel Anne , Dichgans Martin , Biessels Geert Jan ,   the SVDs@target group
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveCerebral small vessel diseases (cSVDs) are a major cause of stroke and dementia. We used cutting‐edge 7T‐MRI techniques in patients with Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), to establish which aspects of cerebral small vessel function are affected by this monogenic form of cSVD.MethodsWe recruited 23 CADASIL patients (age 51.1 ± 10.1 years, 52% women) and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (46.1 ± 12.6, 46% women). Small vessel function measures included: basal ganglia and centrum semiovale perforating artery blood flow velocity and pulsatility, vascular reactivity to a visual stimulus in the occipital cortex and reactivity to hypercapnia in the cortex, subcortical gray matter, white matter, and white matter hyperintensities.ResultsCompared with controls, CADASIL patients showed lower blood flow velocity and higher pulsatility index within perforating arteries of the centrum semiovale (mean difference − 0.09 cm/s, p = 0.03 and 0.20, p = 0.009) and basal ganglia (mean difference − 0.98 cm/s, p = 0.003 and 0.17, p = 0.06). Small vessel reactivity to a short visual stimulus was decreased (blood‐oxygen‐level dependent [BOLD] mean difference −0.21%, p = 0.04) in patients, while reactivity to hypercapnia was preserved in the cortex, subcortical gray matter, and normal appearing white matter. Among patients, reactivity to hypercapnia was decreased in white matter hyperintensities compared to normal appearing white matter (BOLD mean difference −0.29%, p = 0.02).InterpretationMultiple aspects of cerebral small vessel function on 7T‐MRI were abnormal in CADASIL patients, indicative of increased arteriolar stiffness and regional abnormalities in reactivity, locally also in relation to white matter injury. These observations provide novel markers of cSVD for mechanistic and intervention studies. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:29–39
Parameterized Two‐Qubit Gates for Enhanced Variational Quantum Eigensolver
Authors: Rasmussen Stig Elkjær , Zinner Nikolaj Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe variational quantum eigensolver is a prominent hybrid quantum‐classical algorithm expected to impact near‐term quantum devices. They are usually based on a circuit ansatz consisting of parameterized single‐qubit gates and fixed two‐qubit gates. The effect of parameterized two‐qubit gates in the variational quantum eigensolver is studied. A variational quantum eigensolver algorithm is simulated using fixed and parameterized two‐qubit gates in the circuit ansatz and it is shown that the parameterized versions outperform the fixed versions, both when it comes to best energy and reducing outliers, for a range of Hamiltonians with applications in quantum chemistry and materials science.
Heterogeneous Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structures with Amorphous‐Crystalline Outer‐Shells for Sequential Photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Wei Yanze , You Feifei , Zhao Decai , Wan Jiawei , Gu Lin , Wang Dan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConstructing delicate nano‐/microreactors with tandem active sites in hierarchical architectures is a promising strategy for designing photocatalysts to realize the challenging but attractive CO2 reduction. Herein, hollow multi‐shelled structure (HoMS) based microreactors with spatial ordered hetero‐shells are fabricated, which achieve two‐step CO2‐to‐CH4 photoreduction. The multiple inner CeO2 shells increase the number of active catalytic sites to ensure efficient first‐step reaction for generating CO, along with enriching the local CO concentration. The second‐step CO‐to‐CH4 reaction is consequently induced by amorphous TiO2 (A‐TiO2) composites on the adjacent outer‐most shell, thus realizing the CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion capability using one CeO2@CeO2/A‐TiO2 HoMS. In‐depth explorations in the microreactors provide compositional, structural, and interfacial guidance for engineering HoMS‐based microreactors with temporally–spatially ordered shells toward efficient tandem catalysis.
4D printing of bilayer tubular structure with dual‐stimuli responsive based on self‐rolling behavior
Authors: Cao Pengrui , Yang Jing , Gong Junhui , Tao Liming , Wang Tingmei , Ju Junping , Zhou Yanyi , Wang Qihua , Zhang Yaoming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSelf‐rolling allows the bilayer to transform into a 3D structure in response to specific external stimulation, such as heat, humidity, ions, etc. Herein, we report a 4D printing bilayer with a top sodium alginate layer and bottom polycaprolactone layer that could be rolled up to a tubular structure upon exposure to heat and Ca2+ solution stimulation. The discrepancy in the swelling and thermal‐responsiveness between alginate and polycaprolactone induced the self‐rolling under different stimuli. The self‐rolling behavior of the bilayer depends on the aspect ratio, thickness ratio of the bilayer film, the pattern, and external stimuli. Thus, a tailorable surface of the self‐rolled tube was obtained by tuning the bilayer parameter and the stimuli medium to meet varied demands. This controllable shape changing provides a strategy for the preparation of well‐defined tubular structures. Besides, the biocompatibility of bilayer film suggests the potential application in the field of biomedical device such as vascular stent.
Hyperostotic bones observed in the first record specimen of spotted sicklefish,Drepane punctata(Linnaeus, 1788), from the Gulf of Oman
Authors: Al Abri Nadir M. , Jawad Laith A. , Al‐Nahdi Abdullah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis is the first confirmed record of a 430 mm TL spotted sicklefish,Drepane punctata(Linnaeus, 1758), in the Gulf of Oman collected in August 2021. Here, we describe a hyperostotic deformity in the head, maxilla and premaxilla, dorsal fin, caudal fin rays, and neural and haemal spines of some vertebrae. In the head, the occipital and supraoccipital crests were swollen. Also, we compare morphometric and meristic data with other specimens from other geographic regions. Novel hyperostosis characteristics found forD. punctataare compared to previously documented instances.
Indoor environment in office buildings – Perception of personal control and use of adaptive opportunities at workplaces
Authors: Al‐Atrash Farah Z. , Hellwig Runa T. , Wagner Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPersonal control has a considerable impact on individual perception of the indoor climate. This paper's objective is to shed more light on the perception of personal control at office workplaces by analysing: 1) the impact of perceived control on perception of indoor climate, 2) the effect of office type and season on level of control perceived, 3) objectively available adaptive opportunities; 4) subjective perception of their availability; 5) occupants' desire for certain adaptive opportunities; 6) how often and which controls were exercised; and 7) reasons for not exercising available adaptive opportunities. New variables were introduced: i) consistency of perception of controls and ii) conformity to expectation of controls, and their correlation with the level of personal control perceived hypothesised. A longitudinal survey was carried out in three office buildings (two mixed‐mode, one free‐running) in the hot‐summer Mediterranean climate of Amman, Jordan during four seasons. Indoor climate perception correlates positively with perceived control. Office type affects level of perceived control but not season. Most frequent stated reason for not exercising available adaptive opportunities was ‘no need to change’. In this study, perceived control is not correlated with consistency of perception of controls but correlated with conformity to expectation of controls.
Cognitive impairment in adolescent and young adult cancer patients: Pre‐treatment findings of a longitudinal study
Authors: Chan Alexandre , Cheng Ivy , Wang Claire , Tan Chia Jie , Toh Yi Long , Ng Ding Quan , Koh Yong Qin , Zhou Hanzhang , Foo Koon Mian , Chan Raymond Javan , Ho Han Kiat , Chew Lita , Farid Mohamad , Tannock Ian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is little information about cancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in adolescent and young adults (AYA, 15–39 years old) due to its rare incidence. Here, we present the pre‐treatment (before chemotherapy or radiotherapy) evaluation of cognitive function and ability of AYA with cancer (AYAC) in a multicentered cohort study.MethodsNewly diagnosed AYAC and age‐matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited between 2018 and 2021. The primary outcome was the comparison of pre‐treatment cognitive impairment defined as 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the HC on ≥1 cognitive test, or >1.5 SDs below on ≥2 tests using CANTAB® between AYAC and HC. Secondary outcomes included self‐perceived cognitive ability assessed by FACT‐Cog v3 and biomarkers (inflammatory cytokines and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]).ResultsWe recruited 74 AYAC (median age = 34) and 118 HC (median age = 32). On objective cognitive testing, we observed three times more AYAC patients performed poorly on at least 2 cognitive tests compared to HC (40.5% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001). AYAC self‐perceived less degree of cognitive impairment than HC (p < 0.001). However, AYAC perceived a greater impact of cognitive changes on their quality of life compared to HC (p = 0.039). Elevated baseline inflammatory markers (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ) were observed among AYAC compared to HC, and baseline BDNF was lower in AYAC compared to HC. Interaction effects between cancer diagnosis and biomarkers were observed in predicting cognitive function.ConclusionWith the pre‐existence of CRCI and risk factors of neuroinflammation even prior to systemic therapy, AYAC should receive early rehabilitation to prevent further deterioration of cognitive function after initiation of systemic therapies. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03476070).
Synthesis of an Antimicrobial Enterobactin‐Muraymycin Conjugate for Improved Activity Against Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Rohrbacher Christian , Zscherp Robert , Weck Stefanie C. , Klahn Philipp , Ducho Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOvercoming increasing antibiotic resistance requires the development of novel antibacterial agents that address new targets in bacterial cells. Naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics (such as muraymycins) inhibit the bacterial membrane protein MraY, a clinically unexploited essential enzyme in peptidoglycan (cell wall) biosynthesis. Even though a range of synthetic muraymycin analogues has already been reported, they generally suffer from limited cellular uptake and a lack of activity against Gram‐negative bacteria. We herein report an approach to overcome these hurdles: a synthetic muraymycin analogue has been conjugated to a siderophore, i. e. the enterobactin derivative EntKL, to increase the cellular uptake into Gram‐negative bacteria. The resultant conjugate showed significantly improved antibacterial activity against an efflux‐deficient E. coli strain, thus providing a proof‐of‐concept of this novel approach and a starting point for the future optimisation of such conjugates towards potent agents against Gram‐negative pathogens.
Photoredox‐Mediated Deoxygenative Radical Additions of Aromatic Acids to Vinyl Boronic Esters and gem‐Diborylalkenes**
Authors: Nagaraju Anugula , Saiaede Tamer , Eghbarieh Nadim , Masarwa Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA new method to access β‐keto‐gem‐diborylalkanes, by direct deoxygenative radical addition of aromatic carboxylic acids to gem‐dibortlalkenes, is described. The reaction proceeds under mild photoredox catalysis and involves the photochemical C−O bond activation of aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of PPh3. It generates an acyl radical, which further undergoes an additional reaction with gem‐diborylalkenes to form an α‐gem‐diboryl alkyl radical intermediate, which then reduces to the corresponding anion, which after protonation, affords the β‐keto‐gem‐diborylalkane product. Moreover, the same scenario has been extended to the vinyl boronic esters, for example, gem‐(Ar, Bpin)‐alkenes, and gem‐(Alkyl, Bpin)‐alkenes. Importantly, this protocol provides a general platform for the late‐stage functionalization of bio‐active and drug molecules containing a carboxylic acid group.