bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Deployment of Multiple Tactics to Address Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Uptake in Healthcare Employees With a Focus on Those Who Identify as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color
Authors: Chan Dominic K , Alegria Brittany D , Chadaga Smitha R , Goren Lisa J , Mikasa Traci J , Pearson Anna M , Podolsky Seth R , Won Regina S , LeTourneau Jennifer L 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the third quarter of 2021, government entities enacted vaccine requirements across multiple employment sectors, including healthcare. Experience from previous vaccination campaigns within healthcare emphasize the need to translate community modalities of vaccine outreach and education that partner with Black communities, Indigenous communities, and communities of Color stakeholders to increase vaccine confidence broadly.MethodsThis was an observational feasibility study conducted from August through October 2021 that deployed and measured the effect of a multimodal approach to increasing vaccine uptake in healthcare employees. Vaccine data were acquired through the Center for Disease Control Immunization Information Systems across Oregon and Washington. Rates of complete vaccination before the intervention were compared with rates after as a measure of feasibility of this intervention. These data were subdivided by race/ethnicity, age, gender, and job class. Complete vaccination was defined as completion of a 2-dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series or a 1-dose adenoviral vector SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.ResultsOverall preintervention and postintervention complete vaccination rates were 83.7% and 93.5%, respectively. Of those employees who identified as a certain race, black employees demonstrated the greatest percentage difference increase, 18.5% (preintervention, 72.1%; postintervention, 90.6%), followed by Hispanic employees, 14.1% (preintervention, 79.4%; postintervention, 93.5%), and employees who identify as 2 or more races, 13.9% (preintervention, 78.7%; postintervention, 92.6%)ConclusionsWe found that a multimodal approach to improving vaccination uptake in employees was feasible. For organizations addressing vaccine requirements for their workforce, we recommend a multimodal strategy to increase vaccine confidence and uptake.
Characteristics of Postvaccination Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations Prior to Booster Vaccines
Authors: Moffa Matthew A , Shively Nathan R , Walsh Thomas L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This analysis describes clinical characteristics and outcomes of 128 fully vaccinated patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prior to booster vaccines. We found that 27% were asymptomatic, 52% required intensive care, and 15% died from COVID-19. Most (89.2%) fully vaccinated patients hospitalized with symptomatic COVID-19 were ≥65 years old and/or severely immunosuppressed.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Canada During Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Mandell Lionel A , Zhanel George G , Rotstein Coleman , Muscedere John , Loeb Mark , Johnstone Jennie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dealing with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a monumental test of medical skills and resources worldwide. The management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can at times be difficult, but treating CAP in the setting of COVID-19 can be particularly trying and confusing and raises a number of challenging questions relating to etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. This article is based on the authors’ experiences and presents an overview of how CAP during COVID-19 is handled in Canada. We touch on the issues of microbial etiology in patients with CAP in the setting of COVID-19 as well as diagnostic, site of care, and treatment approaches. Published guidelines are the basis of management of CAP and are discussed in the context of Canadian data. We also outline the usual treatment approaches to COVID-19, particularly in patients who have been hospitalized.
An Outpatient Management Strategy Using a Coronataxi Digital Early Warning System Reduces Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality
Authors: Lim Adeline , Hippchen Theresa , Unger Inga , Heinze Oliver , Welker Andreas , Kräusslich Hans-Georg , Weigand Markus A , Merle Uta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused sudden, severe strain to healthcare systems. Better outpatient management is required to save lives, manage resources effectively, and prepare for future pandemics.

Methods
The Coronataxi digital early warning (CDEW) system deployed in Rhein-Neckar County and Heidelberg, Germany is an outpatient care system consisting of remote digital monitoring via a mobile application, a medical doctor dashboard, and medical care delivery to COVID-19 patients in home quarantine when indicated. Patients reported their symptoms, temperature, breathing rate, oxygen saturation, and pulse via the app. This single-center cohort study compared outcomes of the population with and without using the CDEW system. The primary outcome was mortality; the secondary outcomes were hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, intensive care therapy, and mechanical ventilation.

Results
Mortality rate was 3- to 4-fold lower and hospitalization rate was higher in the CDEW cohort (459 patients) compared with the cohort without CDEW in the same test area and other regions (Mannheim, Karlsruhe town, Karlsruhe district, and Germany), (mortality rate: 0.65% [95% confidence interval {CI}, .13%–1.90%] versus 2.16%, 2.32%, 2.48%, 2.82% and 2.76%, respectively, P &lt; .05 for all; hospitalization rate: 14.81% [95% CI, 11.69%–18.40%] versus 6.89%, 6.93%, 6.59%, 6.15%, and 7.22%, respectively, P &lt; .001 for all). The median duration of hospitalization in the CDEW cohort was significantly lower compared with a national sentinel cohort (6 days [interquartile range {IQR}, 4–9.75 days] versus 10 days [IQR, 5–19 days]; Z = −3.156; P = .002). A total of 1.96% patients needed intensive care and 1.09% were mechanically ventilated.

Conclusions
The CDEW system significantly reduced COVID-19 mortality and duration of hospitalization and can be applied to the management of future pandemics.
Regulation of Chloroplast Development and Function at Adverse Temperatures in Plants
Authors: Li Jin-Yu , Yang Chuang , Tian Ying-Ying , Liu Jian-Xiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chloroplast is essential for photosynthesis, plant growth and development. As semiautonomous organelles, the biogenesis and development of chloroplasts need to be well-regulated during plant growth and stress responses. Low or high ambient temperatures are adverse environmental stresses that affect crop growth and productivity. As sessile organisms, plants regulate the development and function of chloroplasts in a fluctuating temperature environment to maintain normal photosynthesis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and regulatory factors required for chloroplast biogenesis and development under cold or heat stress conditions and highlights the importance of chloroplast gene transcription, RNA metabolism, ribosome function and protein homeostasis essential for chloroplast development under adverse temperature conditions.
Phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4 promotes apple fruit peel degreening during light/dark transitions
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Ting , Li Qiqi , Xu Chen , Tian Ji , Wang Yi , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Wu Ting 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As apple fruits (Malus domestica) mature, they accumulate anthocyanins concomitantly with losing chlorophyll (Chl); however, the molecular pathways and events that coordinate Chl degradation and fruit coloration have not been elucidated. We showed previously that the transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR17 (MdERF17) modulates Chl degradation in apple fruit peels and that variation in the pattern of MdERF17 serine (Ser) residues is responsible for differences in its transcriptional regulatory activity. Here, we report that MdERF17 interacts with and is phosphorylated by MAP KINASE4 (MdMPK4-14G). Phosphorylation of MdERF17 at residue Thr67 by MdMPK4-14G is necessary for its transcriptional regulatory activity and its regulation of Chl degradation. We also show that MdERF17 mutants with different numbers of Ser repeat insertions exhibit altered phosphorylation profiles, with more repeats increasing its interaction with MdMPK4. MdMPK4-14G can be activated by exposure to darkness and is involved in the dark-induced degreening of fruit peels. We also demonstrate that greater phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4-14G is responsible for the regulation of Chl degradation during light/dark transitions. Overall, our findings reveal the mechanism by which MdMPK4 controls fruit peel coloration.
Expressing the sunflower transcription factor HaHB11 in maize improves waterlogging and defoliation tolerance
Authors: Raineri Jesica , Caraballo Luciano , Rigalli Nicolás , Portapila Margarita , Otegui María Elena , Chan Raquel Lía 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe sunflower (Helianthus annuus) transcription factor HaHB11 (H. annuus Homeobox 11) belongs to the homeodomain-leucine zipper family and confers improved yield to maize (Zea mays) hybrids (HiII × B73) and lines. Here we report that transgenic maize lines expressing HaHB11 exhibited better performance under waterlogging, both in greenhouse and field trials carried out during three growth cycles. Transgenic plants had increased chlorophyll content, wider stems, more nodal roots, greater total aerial biomass, a higher harvest index, and increased plant grain yield. Under severe defoliation caused by a windstorm during flowering, transgenic genotypes were able to set more grains than controls. This response was confirmed in controlled defoliation assays. Hybrids generated by crossing B73 HaHB11 lines with the contrasting Mo17 lines were also tested in the field and exhibited the same beneficial traits as the parental lines, compared with their respective controls. Moreover, they were less penalized by stress than commercial hybrids. Waterlogging tolerance increased via improvement of the root system, including more xylem vessels, reduced tissue damage, less superoxide accumulation, and altered carbohydrate metabolism. Multivariate analyses corroborated the robustness of the differential traits observed. Furthermore, canopy spectral reflectance data, computing 29 vegetation indices associated with biomass, chlorophyll, and abiotic stress, helped to distinguish genotypes as well as their growing conditions. Altogether the results reported here indicate that this sunflower gene constitutes a suitable tool to improve maize plants for environments prone to waterlogging and/or wind defoliation.
‘Bidding and forbidding’: Morality, Prosody, and The Wreck of the Deutschland
Authors: Rizq Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This essay considers the unsettling prosody of The Wreck of the Deutschland (composed 1875–6), Gerard Manley Hopkins’s long poem in sprung rhythm, through the lens of his implicit and explicit claims about the moral and theological operations of poetic form. Connecting Hopkins’s account of poetry’s forceful ‘bidding’ to his later assertions about God’s ‘bidding and forbidding’, the essay’s first section argues that the affective texture of Hopkins’s verse undertakes a kind of moral and theological self-examination, registering the implicit violence and volatility of The Wreck’s theodicy. Taking stock of Hopkins’s reading of William Wordsworth, moreover—and developing this, in its second section, through some of Hopkins’s philosophical writings as a young man—it goes on to explore how the sounds and rhythms of poetry might intimate the complexities of moral and religious belief. The essay is committed, indeed, to understanding the sensate qualities of verse form as a medium for serious thinking, implicated as they can be with the proper intensities and uncertainties of our spiritual lives. At stake in The Wreck’s prosody, it claims, is less a kind of sure-footed belief than what Hopkins described as the ‘shock’ or ‘tremble’ of reading Wordsworth’s ‘Ode: Intimations of Immortality’ (1807): the undecidable sense of ‘having seen something, whatever that really was’.
Predictors of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and mortality in patients with autoantibodies against melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 dermatomyositis
Authors: So Jacqueline , So Ho , Wong Victor Tak-Lung , Ho Roy , Wu Tsz Yuen , Wong Priscilla Ching-Han , Tam Lydia Ho-Pui , Ho Chi , Lam Tommy Tsz-On , Chung Yuen Kwan , Li Wai Ling , To Chi Hung , Lau Chak Sing , Mok Chi Chiu , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-positive DM is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and high mortality. This multicentre retrospective study aimed to identify predictors of mortality and RP-ILD.

Methods
Anti-MDA5-positive DM patients were identified from the Hong Kong Myositis Registry and the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System. Clinical characteristics were reviewed. Risk factors for mortality and RP-ILD were identified.

Results
Among the 116 recruited patients, 100 (86.2%) had ILD, 47 (40.5%) had RP-ILD and 44 (37.9%) patients died. Cox regression analysis revealed RP-ILD [hazard ratio (HR) 9.735 (95% CI 3.905, 24.272)], age &gt;52 years [HR 4.750 (95% CI 1.692, 13.333)], ferritin level &gt;2800 pmol/l [HR 3.042 (95% CI 1.323, 6.997)] and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) &gt;400 IU/l [HR 2.290 (95% CI 1.009, 5.198)] were independent predictors of mortality. With regard to RP-ILD, analyses showed that potential predictors at baseline included age &gt;50 years [HR 2.640 (95% CI 1.277, 5.455)], LDH &gt;300 IU/l [HR 3.189 (95% CI 1.469, 6.918)], fever [HR 1.903 (95% CI 0.956, 3.790)] and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio &gt;7.0 [HR 1.967 (95% CI 0.942, 4.107)]. We proposed a prediction model based on fever, LDH, age and white cell count (FLAW) to stratify the risk of development of RP-ILD. The probability of RP-ILD in a patient with a score of 4 was 100%. A small internal validation cohort showed the odds of RP-ILD with FLAW scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3 were 0%, 0%, 42.9% and 75%, respectively.

Conclusions
Anti-MDA5-associated RP-ILD is significantly associated with poor survival rates. The FLAW model maybe useful to predict the development of RP-ILD.
Whither the Refugees? International Organisations and “Solutions” to Displacement, 1921–1960
Authors: Bradley Megan , Madokoro Laura , Erdilmen Merve , Chanco Christopher 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Achieving “durable solutions” is a central goal of the contemporary refugee regime. Durable solutions are often equated with three routes to resolving displacement—voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement—and the concept is closely tied to ideas about permanency, protection, and the rectification of refugees’ legal limbo. Despite its contemporary prominence, the genealogy of the concept of durable solutions has not been fully considered. Accordingly, this article traces the origins of the concept of durable solutions for refugees from 1921 to 1960, examining how such solutions have been framed in international law and through the work of a key set of international organisations: the League of Nations, the UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, the International Refugee Organization, the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine, the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. By historicising durable solutions discourse as it evolved in the inter-war, immediate post-Second World War and early Cold War eras, and analysing how different international organisations have understood the “refugee problem” and solutions to it, this article promotes critical (re)engagement with the very notion of durable solutions, and demonstrates how the contemporary trinity of voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement emerged from earlier approaches shaped by geo-political and legal considerations tied to particular groups of refugees.
Alignment Between Resident Medical Condition Regard Scale Scores and Desire to Treat Patients With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Wu Jocelyn , Aufderheide Rory , Campbell Travis , Myers Orrin , Stromberg David , Komesu Yuko M. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives
To (1) evaluate attitudes of resident physicians towards patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and (2) identify characteristics associated with residents’ desire to treat patients with OUD.

Methods
We administered the validated medical condition regard scale (MCRS), a question regarding desire to treat patients with OUD, and a demographic questionnaire to residents in multiple specialties at the University of New Mexico (family medicine, psychiatry, emergency medicine, internal medicine, anesthesiology, general surgery, obstetrics/gynecology).

Results
One hundred sixty-three of 307 residents (53%) responded to the survey; 146 provided complete responses to the “desire” and MCRS questions. Response rates, MCRS, and desire to care for patients with OUD varied between specialties (P < 0.001); family medicine had highest MCRS and desire to care scores; surgery, anesthesiology had low scores. MCRS and resident “desire” scores were highly correlated on univariate analysis (r = 0.73, P < 0.001); resident demographics were not. On logistic regression, resident desire to care for OUD increased with MCRS scores (P < 0.001). The predicated probability of desire to care for OUD was ≥80% with MCRS >57; MCRS classification skill on receiver operator curve analysis was excellent (area under curve = 0.81 [95% confidence interval 0.74, 0.88], and specialty-adjusted MCRS area under curve = 0.85 [95% confidence interval 0.79, 0.91]).

Conclusions
High resident regard for patients with OUD on MCRS was directly related to resident’s desire to provide OUD care. MCRS may offer a tool to alter or individualize OUD education, potentially influencing the OUD workforce of the future.
Tracking Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Keteyian Steven J. , Jackson Sandra L. , Chang Anping , Brawner Clinton A. , Wall Hilary K. , Forman Daniel E. , Sukul Devraj , Ritchey Matthew D. , Sperling Laurence S. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
This study updates cardiac rehabilitation (CR) utilization data in a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for CR-eligible events in 2017, including stratification by select patient demographics and state of residence.

Methods:
We identified Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who experienced a CR-eligible event and assessed their CR participation (≥1 CR sessions in 365 d), engagement, and completion (≥36 sessions) rates through September 7, 2019. Measures were assessed overall, by beneficiary characteristics and state of residence, and by primary (myocardial infarction; coronary artery bypass surgery; heart valve repair/replacement; percutaneous coronary intervention; or heart/heart-lung transplant) and secondary (angina; heart failure) qualifying event type.

Results:
In 2017, 412 080 Medicare beneficiaries had a primary CR-eligible event and 28.6% completed ≥1 session of CR within 365 d after discharge from a qualifying event. Among beneficiaries who completed ≥1 CR session, the mean total number of sessions was 25 ± 12 and 27.6% completed ≥36 sessions. Nebraska had the highest enrollment rate (56.1%), with four other states also achieving an enrollment rate >50% and 23 states falling below the overall rate for the United States.

Conclusions:
The absolute enrollment, engagement, and program completion rates remain low among Medicare beneficiaries, indicating that many patients did not benefit or fully benefit from a class I guideline-recommended therapy. Additional research and continued widespread adoption of successful enrollment and engagement initiatives are needed, especially among identified populations.
Safety and effectiveness of a new ophthalmic viscosurgical device: randomized, controlled study
Authors: Packer Mark , Berdahl John P. , Goldberg Damien F. , Hosten Lester , Lau George 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) (ClearVisc) compared with an approved dispersive OVD (Viscoat) when used in cataract surgery.

Setting:
16 clinics in the United States.

Design:
Prospective multicenter controlled randomized 1:1 (ClearVisc:Viscoat; stratified by site, age group, and cataract severity). Patients and examiners masked.

Methods:
Patients aged 45 years or older with age-related noncomplicated cataract considered amenable to treatment with standard phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included. Patients were randomized to receive either ClearVisc or Viscoat using standard techniques. 5 postoperative visits occurred at 6 hours, 24 hours, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months. The primary effectiveness outcome was the change in endothelial cell density (ECD) from baseline to 3 months. The primary safety end point was the proportion of patients who experienced at least 1 intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement ≥30 mm Hg at any follow-up visit. Noninferiority was tested. Inflammation and adverse events were evaluated.

Results:
372 patients were randomized: 184 patients in the ClearVisc group and 188 patients in the Viscoat group. ClearVisc was noninferior to Viscoat in mean percentage of ECD loss from baseline to 3 months (8.4% and 6.8%, respectively). ClearVisc was significantly noninferior to Viscoat in the proportion of patients with postoperative IOP ≥30 mm Hg at any follow-up visit (17.4% and 20.3%, respectively, P = .0002).

Conclusions:
ClearVisc dispersive OVD provides surgeons with a new option in the continuum of approved dispersive OVDs with beneficial properties as a surgical aid in cataract extraction and IOL implantation.
Is Detection of Relapse by Surveillance Imaging Associated With Longer Survival in Patients With Rhabdomyosarcoma?
Authors: Fetzko Stephanie , Fonseca Adriana , Frances Wedekind Mary , Gupta Abha A. , Setty Bhuvana A. , Schraw Jeremy , Lupo Philip J. , Guillerman Robert P. , Butala Anish A. , Russell Heidi , Nicholls Lauren , Walterhouse David , Hawkins Douglas S. , Okcu Mehmet F. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
We investigated whether surveillance imaging had an impact on post-relapse survival in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We hypothesized that relapse detected by imaging (group IM) would be associated with longer survival compared with relapse detected with a clinical sign or symptom (group SS).

Materials and Methods:
We performed an observational multi-institutional study in 127 patients with relapsed RMS comparing overall survival (OS) after relapse using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses.

Results:
Relapse was detected in 60 (47%) group IM and 67 (53%) SS patients. Median follow-up in survivors was 4 years (range 1.0 to 16.7 y). Four-year OS rates were similar between group IM (28%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14%-40%) and SS (21%, 95% CI: 11%-31%) (P=0.14). In multivariable analyses accounting for institution, age at diagnosis, time to relapse, risk group at diagnosis, and primary site, not receiving chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.8, 95% CI: 2.8-16.6), radiation (HR: 3, 95% CI: 1.7-5.3), or surgery (HR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.8) after relapse were independently associated with poor OS.

Conclusion:
These results on whether surveillance imaging provides survival benefit in patients with relapsed RMS are inconclusive. Larger studies are needed to justify current surveillance recommendations. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery to treat recurrence prolong OS.