bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Battery Grade Li2CO3from Defective Product by the Carbonation‐Decomposition Method
Authors: Zhou Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBattery grade Li2CO3is successfully synthesized by the carbonation‐decomposition method using defective crude Li2CO3with the purity of 98.56 wt% containing 5873 ppm SO42−and other impurities such as Na, K, Ca, Fe, and Mg. Filter operation is found to be very important to improve quality of products. The purified Li2CO3precipitation acquired by filtering the LiHCO3solution possesses a higher purity of 99.65 wt% and greater whiteness with lower amounts of SO42−(222.0 ppm) and Fe (6.6 ppm). For further purification, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt is added into the LiHCO3solution then Ca and Fe contents in purified Li2CO3are reduced to 2.9 and 0.7 ppm, respectively. The removal efficiencies obtained for Ca, Fe, and SO42−are of 80.05%, 99.4%, and 97.5%, respectively. The research of reaction kinetics shows that the rate‐determining step of the carbonation process is diffusion control and the generated HCO3−ions can resist the further dissolution of CO2. The theoretical thermal decomposition temperature is 277.10 K by the thermodynamic calculation. SO42−impurity comes from absorbed Na2SO4and doped Li2SO4. This work is of great significance to economically and simply treat defective product with high impurity content in the actual Li2CO3production process.
Correcting Sulfur Shortages in Midwest Soils
Authors: Ehmke Tanner 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeclining sulfur depositions from the atmosphere have caused sulfur shortages in soils across the Midwest for more than a decade. Fortunately for growers in regions with noticeable declines in depositions, fixing the problem typically requires minimal amounts of sulfur fertilizer. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
“Katerina gets mad”: Infants’ physiological and behavioral responses to co‐viewing educational, self‐regulatory media
Authors: Porter Chris L. , Stockdale Laura A. , Reschke Peter , Booth McCall , Memmott‐Elison Madison K. , Coyne Sarah M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA growing body of research has focused on the physiological impact of media on older children and adolescents. Less research has been focused on the potential physiological impact of media on infants and younger children, especially media designed to be age appropriate and educational in content. In this study, we examined respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in infants (N = 269, Mage = 17.13 months) while they co‐viewed an educational video clip that modeled emotion regulation and contrasted their physiological response to an unoccupied baseline and a frustration paradigm (arm‐restraint). Given parent reports showing the calming effect of educational media viewing in young children, we anticipated that a similar pattern of calming would be observed physiologically in infants. Results showed that relative to baseline, most infants demonstrated an increase in RSA while co‐viewing, suggesting greater parasympathetic (regulatory) activation consistent with behavioral calming. However, infants who demonstrated vagal withdrawal during co‐viewing (decrease in RSA) were more likely to have parents who used a tablet to help infants go to sleep at night. Vagal withdrawal was also associated with increased levels of negative affect observed during the co‐viewing task. Findings are discussed in relation to the contextual effect of co‐viewing age‐appropriate, educational media on children's physiological responses.
A comparison of traditional and developmental measures of weight suppression in residential patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Wong Valerie Z. , Singh Simar , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveWeight suppression (WS) is associated with many eating disorder (ED)‐related symptoms. However, traditional calculations of WS do not consider the age or height at which one's highest past weight was reached. Lowe et al. (2022) found that developmental WS (DWS) was associated with a wider variety of ED‐related symptoms compared with traditional WS (TWS). This study replicated and extended these findings in a larger sample of individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) at a residential ED treatment center.MethodsParticipants were 1051 female patients with BN. We examined the relations between each WS measure and ED symptoms, emotional symptoms, and weight history variables.ResultsTWS and DWS showed a similar number of relations with ED‐related symptoms.DWS was positively related to behavioral symptoms (e.g., vomiting), and negatively related to cognitive symptoms (e.g., weight/eating concern). TWS was positively related to highest premorbid, highest postmorbid, and lowest postmorbid weights. DWS was also positively related to highest premorbid z‐scored body mass index (zBMI), but negatively related to lowest and highest postmorbid zBMI.ConclusionsDWS, relative to TWS, may better capture the psychobiological impact of the weight discrepancy that a measure of WS is meant to reflect.Public SignificanceWeight suppression, the difference between an individual's past highest weight and current weight, is significantly related to many ED‐related symptoms. This study found that a new weight suppression measure, based on expected weight‐for‐height during physical development, relates to ED characteristics in a different manner from the traditional measure of weight suppression, showing positive associations with behavioral symptoms and negative associations with cognitive symptoms.
Climate and forest loss interactively restructure trait composition across a human‐modified landscape
Authors: Krishnadas Meghna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTraits determine species response to climate conditions and the match between phenotypes and climate mediates spatial variation in species composition. These trait–climate linkages can be disrupted in human‐modified landscapes. Human land use creates forest fragments where dispersal limitation or edge effects exclude species that may otherwise suit a given macroclimate. Furthermore, stressful macroclimate can limit viable trait combinations such that only a subset of values of any given trait occurs with respect to another trait, resulting in stronger trait covariance. Because forest loss can compound climatic stress, trait covariance from benign to harsher climates is expected to be stronger in fragments compared to contiguous forests. In a wet tropical forest landscape in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of peninsular India, I compared fragments with adjacent contiguous forests for signatures of trait‐mediated assembly of tree communities. Using four key plant traits—seed size, specific leaf area (SLA), wood density, and maximum height—I evaluated trait–abundance associations and trait covariance across climate, soil, and elevation gradients. In the contiguous forest, smaller‐seeded, shorter, thinner‐leaved species became more abundant from low to high elevations. In fragments, species with higher SLA were more abundant at sites with more seasonal climates and lower precipitation, and larger seeded species were less abundant at warmer sites. However, traits only weakly predicted abundances in both habitats. Moreover, only contiguous forests exhibited significant compositional change via traits, driven by trait syndromes varying along a composite gradient defined by elevation, water deficit, and soil C:N ratio. Site‐level trait covariance revealed that warmer, wetter conditions in fragments favored taller species for given seed size, as compared to similar conditions in contiguous forests. Overall, trait syndromes and trait covariance, rather than single traits, determined the phenotypes best suited to macroclimate conditions and should inform management or restoration goals in fragments.
Body mass, temperature, and depth shape the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks and rays
Authors: Pardo Sebastián A. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn important challenge in ecology is to understand variation in species' maximum intrinsic rate of population increase, rmax, not least because rmax underpins our understanding of the limits of fishing, recovery potential, and ultimately extinction risk. Across many vertebrate species, terrestrial and aquatic, body mass and environmental temperature are important correlates of rmax. In sharks and rays, specifically, rmax is known to be lower in larger species, but also in deep sea ones. We use an information‐theoretic approach that accounts for phylogenetic relatedness to evaluate the relative importance of body mass, temperature, and depth on rmax. We show that both temperature and depth have separate effects on shark and ray rmax estimates, such that species living in deeper waters have lower rmax. Furthermore, temperature also correlates with changes in the mass scaling coefficient, suggesting that as body size increases, decreases in rmax are much steeper for species in warmer waters. These findings suggest that there are (as‐yet understood) depth‐related processes that limit the maximum rate at which populations can grow in deep‐sea sharks and rays. While the deep ocean is associated with colder temperatures, other factors that are independent of temperature, such as food availability and physiological constraints, may influence the low rmax observed in deep‐sea sharks and rays. Our study lays the foundation for predicting the intrinsic limit of fishing, recovery potential, and extinction risk species based on easily accessible environmental information such as temperature and depth, particularly for data‐poor species.
Green turtles shape the seascape through grazing patch formation around habitat features: Experimental evidence
Authors: Smulders F. O. H. , Bakker E. S. , O'Shea O. R. , Campbell J. E. , Rhoades O. K. , Christianen M. J. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how megaherbivores incorporate habitat features into their foraging behavior is key toward understanding how herbivores shape the surrounding landscape. While the role of habitat structure has been studied within the context of predator–prey dynamics and grazing behavior in terrestrial systems, there is a limited understanding of how structure influences megaherbivore grazing in marine ecosystems. To investigate the response of megaherbivores (green turtles) to habitat features, we experimentally introduced structure at two spatial scales in a shallow seagrass meadow in The Bahamas. Turtle density increased 50‐fold (to 311 turtles ha−1) in response to the structures, and turtles were mainly grazing and resting (low vigilance behavior). This resulted in a grazing patch exceeding the size of the experimental setup (242 m2), with reduced seagrass shoot density and aboveground biomass. After structure removal, turtle density decreased and vigilance increased (more browsing and shorter surfacing times), while seagrass within the patch partly recovered. Even at a small scale (9 m2), artificial structures altered turtle grazing behavior, resulting in grazing patches in 60% of the plots. Our results demonstrate that marine megaherbivores select habitat features as foraging sites, likely to be a predator refuge, resulting in heterogeneity in seagrass bed structure at the landscape scale.
Examining the between‐ and within‐person effects of relative deprivation: Results from a 7‐year longitudinal panel sample
Authors: Lilly Kieren J. , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the extensive literature on relative deprivation theory, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects of individual‐ and group‐based relative deprivation (IRD and GRD, respectively) on individual‐ and group‐based outcomes, nor has research investigated the between‐person and within‐person effects of these constructs. Using two random intercept cross‐lagged panel models, we address these oversights by estimating the between‐person and average annual within‐person associations IRD and GRD have with psychological distress and collective action support in a nation‐wide longitudinal panel sample (N = 64,607). As expected, IRD and GRD were more strongly associated with psychological distress and collective action support, respectively, at the between‐person level and contemporaneously at the within‐person level. However, contrary to expectations, temporary departures in IRD and GRD predicted within‐person increases in collective action support and psychological distress, respectively. These results raise questions about how and when people respond to inequality and provide the foundations for future longitudinal research.
Taylor dispersion analysis discloses the impairment of Aβ peptide aggregation by the presence of a fluorescent tag
Authors: Deleanu Mihai , Hernandez Jean‐François , Cottet Hervé , Chamieh Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of fluorescently tagged amyloid peptides, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, to study their aggregation at low concentrations is a common method; however, the fluorescent tag should not introduce a bias in the aggregation process. In this work, native amyloid peptides Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) and fluorescein‐5‐isothiocyanate (FITC), tagged ones, were studied using Taylor dispersion analysis coupled with a simultaneous UV and light‐emitting diode‐induced fluorescence detection, to unravel the effect of FITC on the aggregation process. For that, a total concentration of 100 µM of peptides consisting of a mixture of native and tagged ones (up to 10% in moles) was applied. Results demonstrated that FITC had a strong inhibition effect upon the aggregation behaviour of Aβ(1–42), whereas for Aβ(1–40), only a retardation in kinetics was observed. It was also shown that when mixed solutions of Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) are used, the Aβ(1–42) alloform was the leading peptide in the aggregation process, and when the latter was tagged, the aggregation kinetics decreased but the lifetime of potentially toxic oligomers was drastically increased. These results confirmed that the hydrophilicity of the N‐terminus part of the peptide plays a major role in the aggregation process.
Self‐powered virtual olfactory generation system based on bionic fibrous membrane and electrostatic field accelerated evaporation
Authors: Yang Peng , Shi Yuxiang , Tao Xinglin , Liu Zhaoqi , Li Shuyao , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOlfactory plays an important role in virtual reality technology. In this work, a bionic fibrous membrane (BFM) integrated with the function of electrostatic field accelerated evaporation (EFAE) is applied for realizing the virtual olfactory generation (VOG) system. The BFM is capable of self‐driven unidirectional liquid transmission and EFAE process is induced on BFM by using an ultrafast voltage‐elevation triboelectric nanogenerator (UVE‐TENG). The output voltage from UVE‐TENG can reach 8 kV within 40 ms, which is enough to maintain all of the functions of VOG system. Meanwhile, the output current from UVE‐TENG is smaller than 1 μA, leading to a safe and human compatible system. The flow rate of the volatile liquid spray from the system emitter can reach 0.1 μl/s, and the average evaporation rate of the BFM device with integrated EFAE function is 0.12 mg/s. Accordingly, the user of this VOG system can feel the generation of odor within 3 s, while the switching of different odor channels can be wirelessly controlled by a mobile phone. This VOG system enhances the user's immersive and interactive experience for virtual reality technology. The similar system composed of UVE‐TENG, reed switch, BFM and EFAE devices also has potential application value in assisted breathing treatment and nasal delivery.image
On the secrecy rate balancing problem of two‐way multiple‐input multiple‐output relaying networks using rank‐1 beamforming strategy
Authors: Fazeli Samad , Akhlaghi Soroush 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe physical layer security of a two‐way relay network (TWRN) in the presence of an eavesdropper is considered, where two multi‐antenna nodes try to exchange messages via a multi‐antenna two‐way relay node. It is assumed that the transmission occurs in two hops. Throughout the first hop, the messages are concurrently transmitted at the same time from two transmitting nodes to the relay, while an eavesdropper tries to overhear the signals. Throughout the second hop, to prevent eavesdropping, the relay broadcasts a combination of the received signals in the null‐space of the eavesdropper's channel gain vector. The objective is to explore the proper power allocation policy at transmitting ends as well as an effective beamforming strategy at the relay to address the secrecy rate balancing (SRB) problem. The radio frequency multiple‐input multiple‐output (RF‐MIMO) architecture design is proposed in which the relay can merely process one data stream; hence, the relay beamforming matrix is of rank‐one. The underlying problem is non‐convex. To tackle this issue, the original problem is divided into two sub‐problems, where using semi‐definite relaxation (SDR) and sequential parametric cone approximation (SPCA) techniques, are converted into convex forms, where suboptimal solutions are derived. Numerical results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method compared to the existing works addressed in the literature and also show that our proposed solution has better performance even for the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) metric.
Photovoltaic Materials and Their Path toward Cleaner Energy
Authors: Mitrašinović Aleksandar M. , Radosavljević Milinko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotovoltaic silicon converts sunlight in 95% of the operational commercial solar cells and has the potential to become a leading material in harvesting energy from renewable sources, but silicon can hardly convert clean energy due to technologies required for its reduction from sand and further purification. The implementation of the novel materials into photovoltaic systems depends on their conversion efficiency limited by the material's inherent properties, longevity dependent on internal stability, and ease of manufacturing process. A major challenge is discovering a multilayered set of different photovoltaic materials capable of converting clean energy from a wider spectra range since emerging materials and technologies such as dye‐sensitized and quantum dots suffer from low conversion efficiencies while perovskite and organic cells have short longevity in atmospheric conditions. Presently, improving technologies for commercialized materials and creating multijunction solar cells enhanced by new photovoltaic materials is a path toward cleaner energies. With the rapid development of the integrative technologies and challenges that photovoltaics for clean energy conversion are facing, the entire clean photovoltaic industry could arise by bottom‐up course as a part of integrative technologies rather than erecting large power plants.
The experimental study of energy features for solar air heaters with different turbulator configurations
Authors: Obaid Zain Alabdeen H. , Azzawi Itimad D. J. , Azeez Kafel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo assess the thermal performance in the climate conditions of western and central Iraq, the advantages of using a solar air collector with various turbulator absorber plates are experimentally explored. Four distinct kinds of absorber plates are provided flat plate (F), triangular (T), rectangular (R), and circular (C) turbulators at different air mass flow rates. The collector's economic properties and overall thermal performance are compared to the conventional flat plate turbulator heating systems. The main findings suggest that delta turbulators improve collector economics and overall thermal performance by generating vortex and dampening the formation of the thermal boundary layer in the direction of airflow. Furthermore, when the mass flow rate increases, the thermal performance improves, and the efficiency increases for all mass flow rates, resulting in good thermal performance for the rectangular plate collector when compared to other collectors. When compared to other types of configurations, the daily average efficiency of solar air collectors for flat plate (F), triangular (T), rectangular (R), and circular (C) turbulators are 28%, 67%, 39%, and 48%, respectively, at 50° tilt angle while at 90° tilt angle they are 44%, 76%, 54%, and 63%, respectively, as ṁ = 0.0377 kg/s. The maximum daily average efficiency fitted with rectangular turbulators have about 86% at the largest ṁ = 0.1 kg/s. This study will also give a unique direction to the work trend in the western and central parts of Iraq throughout the winter months.
Using check dam deposits to reconstruct changes in the sediment response of a small catchment on the Loess Plateau in China, during the period 1960–1990
Authors: Liu Ying , Walling Des E. , Yang Mingyi , Zhang Fengbao , Zhang Jiaqiong , Xie Yingge , Zhao Tianyin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformation on both the magnitude and relative contributions of inter‐gully and gully areas to the sediment yield from small catchments in the Loess Plateau of China represents an important requirement for understanding catchment sediment dynamics, assessing the sensitivity of catchment sediment budgets to environmental change and developing effective soil and water conservation strategies. Contemporary catchment monitoring programmes can provide such information, but there is also a need to consider past behaviour. Where long‐term records are lacking, attention has been directed to the potential for using the sediment deposits behind check dams to reconstruct the sediment response of the upstream catchment. This contribution reports a study of the 0.181 km2 Nianyangou catchment located in the hilly region of the Chinese Loess Plateau, in Shaanxi Province, China, which has extended a previous study aimed at using individual flood couplets preserved in the check dam deposits to reconstruct the record of annual sediment yield, to include the use of sediment source fingerprinting techniques to document changes in the annual sediment contribution from inter‐gully and gully areas for the period 1960–1990. The sediment response of the catchment provided evidence of two change points in 1964 (Period 1–Period 2) and 1983 (Period 2–Period 3), which reflect the introduction of soil and water conservation measures in the mid 1960s through to the 1970s and a change in the land tenure system in 1983. The annual sediment yields from inter‐gully and gully areas follow the trend P1 > P3 > P2, whereas the equivalent information on the relative contribution of inter‐gully and gully areas follow different trends P3 > P1 > P2 and P2 > P1 > P3, respectively.