bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Student-Based Investigation to Assess the Impacts of Chemical Deicers on the Water Quality of Spring Run Stream in Altoona, Pennsylvania
Authors: Emili Lisa A. , Morrison Daniel M. , Huss Celeste M. , Mahan Carolyn G. , Levri Edward P. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Students in an undergraduate independent study course at Penn State Altoona investigated the use and potential effects of chemical deicers on the water quality of the stream that runs through the campus. Spring Run supports a wild trout population and is a tributary of the Little Juniata River and a headwater stream for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Students collected pre- and post- chemical deicer application water samples from Spring Run stream over four sampling dates. Water samples were analyzed for potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), dissolved oxygen, pH, chloride (Cl−) and ammonia as nitrogen (NH3−). None of the parameters sampled exceeded the standard guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. However, this study found cause for future research, particularly as it relates to the concentration of chloride in stream water. Chloride exhibited significant increases in concentration between pre- and post-deicer application. With the exception of one sampling date, chloride concentrations (19.2–63.7 mg/L) fell within the range of concentrations found in streams in the northeast United States that have been contaminated by rock salt inputs. The learning outcomes and skill development objectives of this field-intensive experience were driven by the assumption that this type of field-based educational experience enhances student learning by contextualizing complex geographical processes better than a solely classroom-based experience. Through the research process students were exposed to working with field techniques, GPS, GIS, datasets and statistics.
Effects of Roads on Movement of Displaced White-Footed Deermice (Peromyscus leucopus)
Authors: Mech Stephen G. , Chesh Adrian 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Although roads are a major part of modern landscapes, the impacts of roads on small mammal behavior and population dynamics are still poorly understood. In a study over the summers of 2003 and 2004 in Nolde Forest near Reading, PA, we examined the impacts of roads on the behavior of white-footed deermice (Peromyscus leucopus). Mice were trapped near the center of the park using Sherman traps. Half of the mice were released near roads that they would have to cross in order to return home, and half were released in the park interior. Using a combination of powder tracking and radio tracking, we were able to investigate the impacts of roads on the movement of displaced individuals. Although our mice avoided roads immediately after release, longer tracking through radio-telemetry showed that they did cross roads. Our findings suggest that small roads (i.e., two-lane paved roads) do not impede movement of white-footed deermice.
Lithic Corporeality: Elemental Philosophy in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Short Stories
Authors: Blazan Sladja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile a focus on landscape and nature is typical of the Romantic period, the detailed attention that Hawthorne devotes to the corporal or material aspects of specific elements without engaging the perspective of his characters is rather unusual. Hawthorne's treatment of stones can be seen as corresponding to a certain degree with alchemical teachings of mystical natural philosophers. As such, it departs from the more common Romantic treatments of nature that imagine the human entanglement with their environment as a poetic mental capacity. Rather than a mental correspondence between characters and Nature, Hawthorne's tales repeatedly indicate a material transcorporeal relation, a point demonstrated by the careful situating of rocks in Hawthorne's short stories “Roger Malvin's Burial” (1831), “The Great Carbuncle” (1835), and “The Great Stone Face” (1850).
The Impact of 4-weeks Dominant Wrist-Forearm Strength Training Ipsilateral and Contralateral on the Strength
Authors: Taraf Osman , Özal Mehmet 
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study; To investigate whether 4-week dominant wrist-forearm strength exercises have an effect on contralateral and ipsilateral strength. To work; 27 of them were exercise group (EG) (age: 19.70 ± 1.41 years, height: 176.73 ± 7.22 cm, body weight: 69.22 ± 9.51 kg) and 27 of them were the control group (KG) (age: 20.15 ± 1.66 years, height: 179.374 ± 5.49, body weight: 70.39 ± 7.43 kg) a total of 54 male volunteers participated. EG performed 4 sets of dominant (D) wrist flexion and extension exercises with dumbbells at 70% intensity for 4 weeks, 3 days a week. No study has been done on the non-dominant (ND) side. The repetitions in the sets were continued until the participant could not lift the weight with the appropriate technique (Fatigue). The data were collected by General Information Form, height meter, scale and digital hand dynamometer. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the before-after measurements of the groups. Two-way mixed ANOVA results were given in the examination of the change between the measurements obtained at the beginning of the study and at the end of the 4-week period in the study and control groups.	As a result of the comparison of the pre and post tests’ means, statistically notional difference for the D clutch strength and ND clutch strength is respectively as (p<0.001). However, there is no notional difference in CG(p>0.05). A statistically significant time-dependent difference was found on D hand grip strength and ND hand grip strength measurement results (p<0.001). While TimeXGroup interaction was found to be statistically significant in the evaluation of D hand grip strength measurement results (p<0.001), TimeXGroup interaction was not statistically significant in the evaluation of ND hand grip strength measurement results (p>0.05). The main effect of the group variable (Regardless of the time variable) was not statistically significant in all data (p> 0.05).	It can be said that this study has a positive impact on D hand clutch strength and ND hand clutch strength. Keywords: Cross transfer, strength, strength training.
Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of surgical stabilization of traumatic rib and sternum fractures with off-label utilization of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery titanium implants: Case series
Authors: Fugazzola Paola , Casadei Chiara , Rosato Chiara , Favi Francesco , Tomasoni Matteo , Improta Mario , Zaghi Claudia , Russo Emanuele , Coccolini Federico , Santonastaso Domenico , Gamberini Emiliano , Agnoletti Vanni , Ansaloni Luca 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Recent evidence showed improved outcomes in surgical fixation, compared to conservative management, of flail chest and severe non-flail rib fractures patterns. The dedicated rib fixation systems are expensive and not available in most hospitals. This study aims to establish the feasibility of surgical stabilization of traumatic rib and sternum fractures with off-label utilization of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery titanium implants. Methods: Case series where data of patients, who underwent surgical stabilization of traumatic rib or sternum fractures with off-label utilization of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery titanium implants at Bufalini Hospital in Cesena, Italy, were retrospectively collected. Results: From August 2018 to June 2020, 13 patients were included. The mean operative time was 87.5 minutes (median ± SD: 85 ± 27.1). Post-operative complications were: pneumonia (46.2%), sepsis (7.7%) and superficial wound infection (15.4%). No patients underwent reintervention. No infection or displacement of plates occurred. The costs of the most utilized titanium plates and screws in our series (∅ 2.3–2.5 mm KLS Martin®) were 122–245 € for one plate and, 13 € for a pack of five screws. Conclusions: The present study showed the feasibility of the off-label use, for rib stabilization, of devices from cranio-maxillo-facial surgery, usually easily available in hospitals and, in particular, in trauma centers, also without elective thoracic surgery departments. These devices are cheaper than the most widely utilized rib fixation systems and, being easily available in hospitals, could be used in urgent settings and could avoid the delay of rib fixation if dedicated thoracic fixation systems are not available. They could have a role also in low-income countries.
Volumetric & Transport Behavior of Neutral Amino Acids in Different Concentrations of an Electrolyte at 250°C
Authors: Dhir Vaneet , Grewal R. P. Singh 
Published: February 2022

Apparent molar volumes, V2, ? of glycine, DL-?-alanine, DL-?-amino-n-butyric acid, L-valine and L-leucine in water and in (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) mol?kg-1 aqueous potassium nitrate solutions have been determined at T= 298.15 K from density measurements. The standard partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, V20 obtained from V2, ? , have been used to calculate the corresponding volumes of transfer, ?tV0 from water to aqueous potassium nitrate solutions. The hydration number, nH, side chain contributions and volumetric interaction coefficients of these amino acids have also been calculated. The ?tV0 values for the studied amino acids are positive, and these values increase with an increase in the concentration of NaNO3 .
Study of Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities of Waltheria indica
Authors: Y. Musa , M. Musah , H. Yerima , N.B. Erena 
Published: February 2022

Waltheria indica is used in Nigeria and other parts of the world as traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments such as skin disease, impotence, malaria, typhoid fever, epilepsy infertility, aches, pains, syphilis, pile, cough, sore throat, gonorrhea and leprosy among others. The extracts of this plant: Aqueous, chloroform and methanolic extract were subjected to both phytochemical and antimicrobial screening. The result of the phytochemical screening showed the occurrence of Flavonoids, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Tannins, Terpenes, Cardiac glycosides and Carbohydrate. But absence of free anthraquinone and phlobatanines.The Antimicrobial activity of the extracts using Agar plate-hole, Nutrient broth and Agar diffusion method. It was found that the plant extracts from both methanol and chloroform were notable to exhibit any reasonable activity while Aqueous extract showed reasonable activity with Escherielia coli andStaphyhococcusaureus. These finding, however, support the traditional use of the Waltheriaindica for the treatment of the above mentioned diseases. This is because Aqueous extract is the only extract that show inhibitory effect and similarly the traditional healers uses water for their extraction.
ChIP-Seq Peak Calling and Data Analysis in Woody Plants
Authors: Lina Wang 
Published: February 2022

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by highthroughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) provides an important tool to study genome-wide protein-DNA interactions to help understand gene regulation in the context of native chromatin. A complete ChIP-Seq workflow including peak calling, peak classification, transcription factor binding site overrepresentation and definition of new TFBS motifs. In this paper, ChIP-Seq peak calling and data analysis is described in detail.
MHD Flow of Nano-Fluid with Non-Uniform Heat Source or Sink in the Presence of Chemical Reaction and Activation Energy
Authors: Akindele Akintayo , Wale Ogunsola Amos , Obalalu Adebowale Martins , Peter Adegbite , Adebayo Ajala Olusegun , Alao Saheed 
Published: February 2022

The study of squeezing flow cannot be over emphasized due to its numerous applications in manufacturing industries, food processing, lubricating system, power transmission and medical equipment are few of such processes. This calls for more studies in the area of squeezing flow. MHD flow of nano-fluid with non-uniform heat source or sink in the presence of chemical reaction and activation energy were considered. The governing partial differential equations were transformed to ordinary differential equations in terms of suitable similarity variables together with the initial and boundary conditions. The resulting equations were then solved using Newton’s finite difference technique with the aid of MAPLE 18.0 software. The effect of radiation, magnetic parameter, temperature dependent heat source parameter, surface dependent heat source parameter and other associated physical parameters on the flow system were reported.
Value Relevance and Users Confidence in Post International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption Era of Nigerian Banks
Authors: M.O. Oladejo , R.A. Adedokun 
Published: February 2022

Conclusions from the existing studies on IFRS adoption and value relevance were characterized by conflicting results and mixed findings. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the value relevance of financial information of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks. A mixed research approach was adopted for this study. To analyze the secondary data correlational research design was employed using Edward, Bells and Olhson (EBO) model. Primary data through structured questionnaire administered on a sample of 200 randomly selected preparers and users of banks financial statements was also used to provide alternative evidence. Data were analyzed using descriptive and econometric approaches. General least square (GLS) multiple regression analyses were employed to analyze the panel data based on random effect model using SPSS 17 statistical tool.The results from data analysis showed r calculated of 0.69 indicating a significant relationship between adoption of IFRS variables and value relevance indexes in the NDMBs, from the analysis of questionnaire responses. The relationship, using EBO model, between the variables used for post IFRS adoption analysis shows that share price (SP) is positively correlated with earning per share (EPS), change in earnings per share (CEPS) and book value per share (BVPS) at 0.368, 0.096 and 0.103 respectively meaning that SP and EPS have higher positive relationship but lower with CEPS and BVPS. Invariably, higher earnings attract higher SP which automatically enhances the confidence of investors in the financial statements after the adoption. The pre-IFRS R-squared is 0.35 while post-IFRS R-squared is 0.16 showing that post IFRS financial information has a weak value relevance. However, the elements that made up financial information are not value relevant in post IFRS adoption thereby giving a low cumulative relationship to share price. The study suggests concerted efforts by banks to strengthen the value relevance and improve users’ confidence of their financial reports since IFRS adoption has been made mandatory.
Expanding Graduate Accounting with Online Tools
Authors: James Kyle Page  
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the author examines the technology needs of graduate accounting students and discuss research on the interaction between technology and the graduate level accounting course. Using the features of online tools and specialized teaching methods can be offered to graduate accounting students. An important component is the use of online tools and digital literacy skills to fill the gaps of graduate students who may not be proficient in the use of technology. The purpose of this study was to examine the traditional approach to teaching graduate accounting with textbook only in comparison to teaching with the use of online tools. The aim was to introduce students to the use of online tools and how it could be used to enhance their twenty-first-century skills. The primary goal of the study was to determine whether the treatment group learned more than the control group taught in the previous semester the non-traditional approach. In conclusion, the use of online tools alone is not enough to result in enhancing twenty-first-century skills. The study indicated that teaching graduate accounting should include every effective resource at the disposal of the instructor.
Economic Analysis of Traditional and Sri Method of Paddy Cultivation
Authors: N. V. Shende  , P. V. Shende  , R. S. Thorat  
Published: February 2022

The conventional paddy growing tracts are in worst crisis due to social, biological and technical setbacks. Well acclaimed rice bowls in several part of the nation is facing a decline in area, production and productivity. In India, there is a growing demand for rice due to ever escalating population. Rice is consumed both in urban and rural area and its consumption is growing due to high-income elasticity of demand. To meet the growing demand, a rapid income in paddy production is needed. But there is little scope to increase the area; hence increase in production and productivity with an improvement in efficiency of production to act as a technological breakthrough to meet the growing demand.
The Question of Accountability: New Forms or a Democratic Deficit
Authors: Peter Idoko 
Published: February 2022

This research examined the question of accountability; new forms or a democratic deficit. The study examined specially examines the relationship between transparency and accountability, relationship between technocratic decision making and accountability and finally the relationship between proper coordination and accountability. The study is an exploratory study that used mainly secondary sources of information obtained from journals, text books and from the internet. The findings from the review shows that public accountability is important because it provides a democratic means to monitor and control government conduct, prevent the development of concentrations of power, and enhance the learning capacity and effectiveness of public administration. This is because rulers can be investigated and held to account for actions that transgress the law or result in personal enrichment or violate common mores. These tenets are lacking in our public institutions and in broader perspective the government. The study concludes that large changes in politics, especially for the citizens of the European Union, with the latest enlargement in which brought the union to 27 member states and a half a billion people has been recorded, raising questions on issues such as democracy and the peoples options of accountability. It was recommended among others that it will be fair for all the operators to play the game of leadership according to the established rules and regulations to promote transparency. Also, the experts are to be given free hand to exercise their expertise to usher in accountability for the growth of the system. It was also recommended that it is advisable for all the operators to exhibit probity to eliminate fraudulent behavior.
Neurocognitive Mechanism of Remote and Close Associations: An fMRI Study
Authors: Wu Ching-Lin , Chan Yu-Chen , Chen Hsueh-Chih 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Remote association is the ability to combine seemingly unrelated components into new concepts and is evaluated via the Remote Associates Test (RAT). The RAT has generally been used to examine brain activation during insight problem solving but not remote association. Moreover, little is known about the neural correlates of remote association and close association. To address this issue, we used the associative distance in the development of the RAT and designed remote associated items and close associated items. We collected brain images during observation of remote and close associated items from 30 adult participants and analyzed the activation of brain regions involved in remote and close associations. The results showed that processing of remote and close association occurred in the posterior cingulate cortex. After controlling for the influence of other associations, we found that the rostromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus were involved exclusively in remote association. These results showed that remote association has conjunctive and disjunctive neurocognitive mechanisms. Our results contribute to the understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms of different associations and provide empirical support for the associative theory of creativity.
Exile: Mapping the Migration Patterns of Japanese Canadians Exiled to Japan in 1946
Authors: Kobayashi Audrey , Rose-Redwood Reuben , Aagesen Sonja ,   The Landscapes of Injustice Research Collective
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 1946, after a period of internment that began in 1942, approximately four thousand Japanese Canadians were exiled to Japan and stripped of their citizenship. More than half were Canadian-born, and the majority of those who had been born in Japan were Canadian citizens. The exiles were given a choice of impossible options: to relocate outside of British Columbia or be sent to Japan. Drawing upon extensive archival research, this study examines the spatial patterns of migration between Japan and Canada with a particular focus on the exile of Japanese Canadians to Japan in 1946. Our findings indicate that the majority of the exiles were from Wakayama, Shiga, and Hiroshima prefectures, where rates of return prior to the 1940s were already high. Although more definitive explanations require further research, our exploratory analysis suggests that regional patterns of exile were likely influenced by the prefectural origin of the original migrants, obligations to re-establish the traditional Japanese agrarian household, and religious practices.
Exhaustion as Affective Alignment: Social Justice Work in Denise Giardina’s Storming Heaven
Authors: Fennell Jill 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article uses Denise Giardina’s 1987 novel, Storming Heaven, as a case study to look at how labor is represented aesthetically in fiction for political ends. The narrative depicts the theft of an Appalachian pastoral scene, which quickly devolves into mine work, abuse, and death. Mine labor is described vividly, and it is performed under the steady eye of mine guards who use threats, intimidation, and weapons to quash strikes, kill strikers, and keep miners working and living in fear. Giardina’s novel is a political novel that challenges unfair working conditions and neoliberal exploitation. She uses her work to create a sense of exhaustion through aesthetic and narrative choices. Exhaustion, with its resonances of hard work and honest labor, helps Giardina shift the Southern Appalachian structures of feeling from past political and social loss toward an alignment of political activism and futurity. Excerpts from reviews of the novel show how readers process their sense of exhaustion and the novel’s political aims. Giardina’s style is effective for getting readers to sympathize with her labor politics by using a familiar, anti-cathartic staying-power, although this style seems to lack a sense of sustainability and risks making readers feel manipulated or politically fatigued.
“What’s Our Olympic Legacy?”: A Case Study of One Community’s Efforts to Optimize Youth Sport Programming Following a Mega-Sporting Event
Authors: Dorsch Travis E. , Vierimaa Matthew , Terwillegar Matthew , Coffman Julian , Shaw Tate 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present research was designed to identify stakeholders’ perceptions of the ways Park City, Utah, has leveraged its role as a host community during the 2002 Winter Olympics to optimize youth sport programming over the subsequent two decades. Through focus groups with athletes, parents, coaches, and administrators, the present study highlights multiple factors that have impacted the experiences and outcomes associated with organized youth sport participation in Park City. Findings shed light on the role of mega-sporting events as a catalyst to shape youth sport participation.