bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence system for automated landmark localization and analysis of cephalometry
Authors: Jiang Fulin , Guo Yutong , Yang Cai , Zhou Yimei , Lin Yucheng , Cheng Fangyuan , Quan Shuqi , Feng Qingchen , Li Juan 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Cephalometric analysis is essential for diagnosis, treatment planning and outcome assessment of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve automated landmark localization has proved feasible and convenient. However, current systems remain insufficient for clinical application, as patients exhibit various malocclusions in cephalograms produced by different manufacturers while limited cephalograms were applied to train AI in these systems. Methods: A robust and clinically applicable AI system was proposed for automatic cephalometric analysis. First, 9870 cephalograms taken by different radiography machines with various malocclusions of patients were collected from 20 medical institutions. Then 30 landmarks of all these cephalogram samples were manually annotated to train an AI system, composed of a two-stage convolutional neural network and a software-as-a-service system. Further, more than 100 orthodontists participated to refine the AI-output landmark localizations and retrain this system. Results: The average landmark prediction error of this system was as low as 0.94 ± 0.74 mm and the system achieved an average classification accuracy of 89.33%. Conclusions: An automatic cephalometric analysis system based on convolutional neural network was proposed, which can realize automatic landmark location and cephalometric measurements classification. This system showed promise in improving diagnostic efficiency in clinical circumstances.
Genetics and functional significance of the understudied methamphetamine sensitive circadian oscillator (MASCO)
Authors: Taufique S K Tahajjul , Ehichioya David E , Pendergast Julie S , Yamazaki Shin 
Published: October 2022

The last 50 years have witnessed extraordinary discoveries in the field of circadian rhythms. However, there are still several mysteries that remain. One of these chronobiological mysteries is the circadian rhythm that is revealed by administration of stimulant drugs to rodents. Herein we describe the discovery of this circadian rhythm and its underlying oscillator, which is frequently called the methamphetamine-sensitive circadian oscillator, or MASCO. This oscillator is distinct from canonical circadian oscillators because it controls robust activity rhythms independently of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and circadian genes are not essential for its timekeeping. We discuss these fundamental properties of MASCO and integrate studies of strain, sex, and circadian gene mutations on MASCO. The anatomical loci of MASCO are not known, so it has not been possible thus far to discover its novel molecular timekeeping mechanism or its functional significance. However, studies in mutant mice suggest that genetic approaches can be used to identify the neural network involved in the rhythm generation of MASCO. We also discuss parallels between human and rodent studies that support our working hypothesis that a function of MASCO may be to regulate sleep-wake cycles.
What influences a person’s willingness to share health information for both direct care and uses beyond direct care? Findings from a focus group study in Ireland
Authors: Flaherty Sarah Jane , Duggan Catherine , O'Connor Laura , Foley Barbara , Flynn Rachel 
Published: October 2022

Background: The sharing of health information is invaluable for direct care provision and reasons beyond direct care, such as for health services management. Previous studies have shown that willingness to share health information is influenced by an individual’s trust in a healthcare professional or organisation, privacy and security concerns, and fear of discrimination based on sensitive information. The importance of engaging the public in policy and practice development relating to the use and sharing of health information has been identified as an essential step for countries to take. This study’s aim was to examine the factors that influence the Irish public’s willingness to share their health information as part of a national public engagement on health information. Methods: A qualitative study using online focus groups was conducted as part of a wider national public engagement on health information. Participants were purposively recruited from a combination of public, patient, and service user groups in Ireland. Focus group interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive content analysis. Results: In total, 85 participants took part in 14 focus groups between January and March 2021. Two major themes were identified, trust and personal and public benefits of sharing health information. The ability to exercise control over personal information, perceived transparency of the process, and the extent to which the healthcare service was viewed as confidential, all influenced the level of trust a person held. Perceived benefits were influenced by the extent to which participants believed information sharing would support improved care or provide broader public benefit, and balanced against the potential for personal harm. Conclusions: The findings allow for new insights into the views of the public on the use and sharing of personal health information and can be used to inform the development of a consent model for health information.
PROFILES with the CanMEDS model as a guiding framework for conveying basics in clinical medicine and physician roles to health sciences students: a qualitative study
Authors: Odermatt Florence , Schirlo Christian , Babst Reto , Gysin Stefan 
Published: October 2022

Background: PROFILES (Principal Relevant Objectives and Framework for Integrative Learning and Education in Switzerland), a competency-based framework for medical students in Switzerland, was used to structure a course aiming at conveying the roles of physicians and basics in clinical medicine to future health scientists. The goal of this study was to explore how this PROFILES-based approach was experienced and perceived by students, teachers and experts. Methods: For this exploratory qualitative study, semi-structured interviews with seven students, four teachers and two experts in medical education were held. Themes were identified by conducting a thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke. Results: We identified four themes: (1) PROFILES as a guiding framework, (2) strengths and weaknesses of the course, (3) general teaching aspects and (4) potential benefits for future interprofessional collaboration. Some students initially struggled to comprehend the novel approach, but overall, the structure of the course was positively perceived by most interviewees, especially teachers and experts. Conclusions: PROFILES, particularly the integrated CanMEDS model, may be suitable to convey the roles and tasks of physicians and basic medical knowledge to future health scientists. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects on potential interprofessional collaboration.
Effective half-wavelength pitch optical phased array design for aliasing-free 2D beam steering
Authors: Lei Yufang , Zhang Lingxuan , Xue Yulong , Ren Yangming , Zhang Qihao , Zhang Wenfu , Sun Xiaochen 
Published: October 2022

We present
a
method to design an optical
phased array (OPA) simultaneously realizing both narrow beam width and
aliasing-free 2D beam steering without the need to arrange the
antennas at actual half-wavelength pitch. The method realizes an
effective half-wavelength pitch in one direction formed by location
projection of the antennas. The distances between the antennas in the
other direction can be sufficiently large to form an effective large
aperture realizing narrow beam width without needing a long grating.
The presented method is proven by both theory and numerical
simulations to achieve an equivalent grating-lobe-free far field of an
ordinary half-wavelength pitch design. One design example exhibits
180° steering with a minimal beam width of
0.4° * 0.032° and a sidelobe suppression
ratio of

>

13

d
B

.
Tausche Gesundheitsdaten gegen Versicherungsrabatte – Empirische Untersuchung der Kundenakzeptanz von Pay-as-you-live-Tarifen in der Krankenversicherung
Authors: Kwasniok Sascha , Heyne Daniel 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren auf Kundenseite die Nutzungseinstellung von Pay-as-you-live (PAYL)-Tarifen beeinflussen. Bei solchen Versicherungsprodukten teilt die versicherte Person laufend Gesundheitsdaten mit dem Krankenversicherer, die über Smart Devices erhoben werden. Im Gegenzug erhält die versicherte Person Bonifikationen, wenn die übermittelten Daten auf ein gesundheitsbewusstes Verhalten schließen lassen. Für die Untersuchung werden Erkenntnisse der Technologieakzeptanzforschung (vor allem „Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)“) und der Forschung zur Nutzung mobiler Internettechnologien (vor allem „Mobile Users’ Information Privacy Concerns (MUIPC)“) verwendet. Das abgeleitete Erklärungsmodell wird auf Grundlage einer Online-Befragung (n = 333) für den deutschen Versicherungsmarkt empirisch überprüft. Die durchgeführte Regressionsanalyse identifiziert den wahrgenommenen Nutzen, die individuelle Innovationsbereitschaft, das wahrgenommene Anbietervertrauen sowie ein wahrgenommenes Eindringen in die Privatsphäre als relevante Faktoren für die Nutzungsbereitschaft von PAYL-Tarifen in der Krankenversicherung. Die Studienergebnisse bilden die Grundlage für die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für Krankenversicherer bezüglich der Gestaltung von PAYL-Tarifen.
Planning and commitment prompts to encourage reporting of HIV self-test results: A cluster randomized pragmatic trial in Tshwane District, South Africa
Authors: Buttenheim Alison M. , Schmucker Laura , Marcus Noora , Phatsoane Mothepane , Msolomba Vanessa , Rhagnath Naleni , Majam Mohammed , Venter François , Thirumurthy Harsha 
Published: October 2022

Reporting of HIV self-test results to encourage linkage to HIV care for those who receive a positive test result is a common challenge faced by HIV self-testing programs. The impact of self-testing programs is diminished if individuals who obtain a self-test do not use the test or seek confirmatory testing and initiate HIV treatment following a positive result. We conducted a cluster randomized trial of two interventions designed to increase reporting of HIV self-test results: a “plan and commit” intervention that leveraged insights from behavioral economics, and an enhanced usual care version of the standard HIV self-test community distribution protocol that promoted the importance of reporting results. The trial was conducted at community distribution sites for HIV self-tests in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The primary outcome was reporting of self-test results via a WhatsApp messaging system. We recruited 1,478 participants at 13 distribution sites over 24 days. In the plan and commit condition, 63/731 participants (8.7%) reported their test results via WhatsApp, compared to 59/747 participants (7.9%) in the enhanced usual care condition (n.s., p = 0.61). During the study period, 101/3,199 individuals (3.1%) who received a self-test under the standard protocol reported test results via WhatsApp, a significant difference across the three arms (p < .00001). Our results suggest that boosting the reporting of self-test results can be done solely through increasing the salience of the importance of reporting and a clear explanation of the procedure for reporting results.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03898557.
Grief reaction, depression, anxiety, and coping of relatives after palliative patients’ death in Thailand
Authors: Tantrarungroj Thanita , Ocharoen Pornpimon , Sachdev Veerachai 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionGrief is a normal psychological response in relatives after the loss of their loved ones, which has shown to be associated with psychological reactions like depression, anxiety, and significant stress that many relatives have to cope with. In Thailand, there are limited research studies on grief, especially in palliative settings. This study aims to examine grief reaction, depression, anxiety, and coping of relatives after palliative patients’ death.Materials and methodsA multi-method design was applied. The authors completed the demographic data questionnaire, and the participants finished other measures which included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), and the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief-COPE). The qualitative data from the focus group interview was analyzed with thematic analysis.ResultsFrom the quantitative study, the mean scores of HADS for anxiety and depression subscales were 5.05 and 6.34, respectively, which indicated no anxiety and depressive disorders. The mean score of ICG was 19.51 with highest score on acceptance coping subscale. In contrast, the lowest score was on dealing with the substance subscale. There were significant correlations between anxiety subscale from HADS and ICG (r = 0.73), depression subscale from HADS and ICG(r = 0.85), and anxiety and depression subscale from the HADS (r = 0.79). From the qualitative study, the factors associated with grief reaction could be thoroughly explained according to the perceived character of deceased, perceived character of relatives, relationship characteristics, disease, medical care, and support systems.ConclusionThe correlations among grief reaction, depression, and anxiety of relatives after palliative patients’ death were high. The grief reaction was associated with many factors, including communication from medical personnel. This finding emphasized the importance of assessing the reactions after loss and associated factors in the relatives after palliative patients’ death. Also, evaluating the ways that the relatives use to cope with their loss, expressing empathy, and supporting the relatives to cope with loss in an adaptive way were recommended.
Variant APOL1 protein in plasma associates with larger particles in humans and mouse models of kidney injury
Authors: Andrews Michael , Yoshida Teruhiko , Henderson Clark M. , Pflaum Hannah , McGregor Ayako , Lieberman Joshua A. , de Boer Ian H. , Vaisar Tomas , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Kestenbaum Bryan , Chung Joon-Yong , Hewitt Stephen M. , Santo Briana A. , Ginley Brandon , Sarder Pinaki , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Murakami Taichi , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Kuklenyik Zsuzsanna , Hoofnagle Andrew N. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Genetic variants in apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), a protein that protects humans from infection with African trypanosomes, explain a substantial proportion of the excess risk of chronic kidney disease affecting individuals with sub-Saharan ancestry. The mechanisms by which risk variants damage kidney cells remain incompletely understood. In preclinical models, APOL1 expressed in podocytes can lead to significant kidney injury. In humans, studies in kidney transplant suggest that the effects of APOL1 variants are predominantly driven by donor genotype. Less attention has been paid to a possible role for circulating APOL1 in kidney injury.

Methods
Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the concentrations of APOL1 were measured in plasma and urine from participants in the Seattle Kidney Study. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation was used to evaluate the size of APOL1-containing lipoprotein particles in plasma. Transgenic mice that express wild-type or risk variant APOL1 from an albumin promoter were treated to cause kidney injury and evaluated for renal disease and pathology.

Results
In human participants, urine concentrations of APOL1 were correlated with plasma concentrations and reduced kidney function. Risk variant APOL1 was enriched in larger particles. In mice, circulating risk variant APOL1-G1 promoted kidney damage and reduced podocyte density without renal expression of APOL1.

Conclusions
These results suggest that plasma APOL1 is dynamic and contributes to the progression of kidney disease in humans, which may have implications for treatment of APOL1-associated kidney disease and for kidney transplantation.
Emergency Management in Academia
Authors: Shine Beau , Heath Sarah 
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic created countless challenges in higher education at every level. At the faculty level, one such challenge was how to convert applied internships into online academic capstone courses in the middle of the semester. For programs that require their majors to complete internships as part of a graduation requirement, full-semester conversions were necessary, both for the Summer semester and in preparation for the possibility of no internships being offered in the Fall. Such actions are in the best interest of all students, many of whom are taking the course during their senior year and run the risk of delaying their graduation absent these accommodations. While on its surface these conversions may seem daunting, both internships and capstone courses share similarities that facilitate the process, including professional development and the integration and application of knowledge students have acquired over their academic careers. This paper aims to serve as a resource for postsecondary educators in the conceptualization and implementation of these conversions. The authors examine several important considerations, including creating new assignments to replace uncompleted internship hours, ensuring that mid-semester adjustments continue to meet course outcomes, communicating with students and internship providers to facilitate a seamless transition, and working with colleagues and university administrators to quickly build and approve a new capstone course for the Summer.
Contributory Pension Scheme and Insurance Industry’s Equity Investments in Nigeria
Authors: Odo Cosmas Ogobuchi , Okeke Chinedu Crescent , Okoro Deborah Patience 
Published: October 2022

The paper explores the nexus between contributory pension and growth of the Nigerian insurance industry. Proxies for insurance industry growth were taken as direct premium generated and growth of its investments, especially equity investments. Given that equity investment was one of the prescribed investment outlets for insurance industry funds in Nigeria, authors hypothesized that the contributory pension Act of 2014 would spur rapid growth in equity investments of the industry for the period investigated. Ex-post facto research design was followed and data were drawn from the annual accounts and reports of National Insurance Commission, NAICOM, and publications of Pension Regulatory Commission, PENCOM, National Bureau of Statistics, NBC, and Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, for the period, 2005-2015. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was the estimation method, whereas techniques for data analysis included Multi-Regression model, t-test statistic, adjusted coefficient of determination and F-statistic. The result of the tests showed that contributory pension has positive and significant impact on the insurance industry’s equity investments (p<0.05). Clearly, reform of pension industry led to rapid increases in the equity investments of the insurance industry but limited only by statutory ceiling on equity investments and what sound prudence dictates.
Categorical crystals for quantum affine algebras
Authors: Kashiwara Masaki , Park Euiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a new categorical crystal structure for the quantum affine algebras is presented. We introduce the notion of extended crystalsB^𝔤⁢(∞){\widehat{B}_{{\mathfrak{g}}}(\infty)}for an arbitrary quantum groupUq⁢(𝔤){U_{q}({\mathfrak{g}})}, which is the product of infinite copies of the crystalB⁢(∞){B(\infty)}. For a complete duality datum𝒟{{\mathcal{D}}}in the Hernandez–Leclerc category𝒞𝔤0{{\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}^{0}}}of a quantum affine algebraUq′⁢(𝔤){U_{q}^{\prime}({\mathfrak{g}})}, we prove that the setℬ𝒟⁢(𝔤){\mathcal{B}_{{\mathcal{D}}}({\mathfrak{g}})}of the isomorphism classes of simple modules in𝒞𝔤0{{\mathscr{C}_{\mathfrak{g}}^{0}}}has an extended crystal structure isomorphic toB^𝔤fin⁢(∞){\widehat{B}_{{{\mathfrak{g}}_{\mathrm{fin}}}}(\infty)}. An explicit combinatorial description of the extended crystalℬ𝒟⁢(𝔤){\mathcal{B}_{{\mathcal{D}}}({\mathfrak{g}})}for affine typeAn(1){A_{n}^{(1)}}is given in terms of affine highest weights.
Components of symmetric wide-matrix varieties
Authors: Draisma Jan , Eggermont Rob , Farooq Azhar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We show that if

X
n

{X_{n}}

is a variety of

c
×
n

{c\times n}

-matrices that
is stable under the group

Sym
⁡

(

[
n
]

)

{\operatorname{Sym}([n])}

of column permutations and
if forgetting the last column maps

X
n

{X_{n}}

into

X

n
-
1

{X_{n-1}}

, then the
number of

Sym
⁡

(

[
n
]

)

{\operatorname{Sym}([n])}

-orbits on irreducible components of

X
n

{X_{n}}

is
a quasipolynomial in n for all sufficiently large n. To this end,
we introduce the category of affine

𝐅𝐈
𝐨𝐩

{\mathbf{FI^{op}}}

-schemes of width one, review
existing literature on such schemes, and establish several new structural
results about them. In particular, we show that under a shift and a localisation,
any width-one

𝐅𝐈
𝐨𝐩

{\mathbf{FI^{op}}}

-scheme becomes of product form, where

X
n

=

Y
n

{X_{n}=Y^{n}}

for some scheme Y in affine c-space. Furthermore, to any

𝐅𝐈
𝐨𝐩

{\mathbf{FI^{op}}}

-scheme
of width one we associate a component functor from the category

𝐅𝐈

{\mathbf{FI}}

of finite sets with injections to the category

𝐏𝐅

{\mathbf{PF}}

of finite
sets with partially defined maps. We present a combinatorial model for
these functors and use this model to prove that

Sym
⁡

(

[
n
]

)

{\operatorname{Sym}([n])}

-orbits of
components of

X
n

{X_{n}}

, for all n, correspond bijectively to orbits of a
groupoid acting on the integral points in certain rational polyhedral
cones. Using the orbit-counting lemma for groupoids and theorems on
quasipolynomiality of lattice point counts, this yields our Main
Theorem. We present applications of our methods to counting
fixed-rank matrices with entries in a prescribed set and to counting
linear codes over finite fields up to isomorphism.
Túrkeve-Terehalom in the Eastern Carpathian Basin. Bronze Age multi-stratified site provides high-precision chronology with continental implications
Authors: Daróczi Tibor-Tamás , Csányi Marietta , Tárnoki Judit , Nagy Fanni , Olsen Jesper 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The multi-stratified site of Túrkeve-Terehalom presents an exceptional opportunity to establish the start and the end of the Middle Bronze Age in the Eastern Carpathian Basin and to refine its inner chronology. The chronological potential of the site rests on the meticulous excavation campaigns over a decade. This potential has been harvested by linking stratified finds, particularly pottery, to narrow, calibrated age-ranges. The result has implications for local chronology while also prompting questions about how to synchronise long-range connectivity with central and northern Europe and the Aegean, as well. The resulting chronological model for Túrkeve-Terehalom firstly challenges prevailing chronological views regarding the life-spans of Bronze Age structures with beaten clay floors, secondly the direction of the wave of destruction and/or abandonment of multi-stratified sites in the Carpathian Basin, and thirdly the continental networking during the Middle Bronze Age.