bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopy training in Australia during COVID‐19: Efficacy and knowledge assessment of gastroenterology and general surgery trainees
Authors: Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Cox Daniel R A , Be Kim H , Ng Jonathan , Yeaman Fiona , Gilhotra Rajit A , Efthymiou Marios , Vaughan Rhys , Nestel Debra , Perini Marcos V , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan , Chandran Sujievvan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimDuring COVID‐19, restrictions to elective endoscopy were introduced worldwide. A reduction in procedures may impact trainees' endoscopy learning. This study aims to assess Australian advanced gastroenterology and general surgery trainees' self‐perceived efficacy and knowledge in endoscopy during the pandemic.MethodsAll Australian gastroenterology and general surgery trainees in their last 2 years of accredited training were invited to participate through email (2020–2021 and 2021–2022 training cycles). The primary outcome was to assess trainees' self‐efficacy and knowledge regarding gastrointestinal endoscopy. Secondary outcomes included subgroup analysis between gastroenterology and general surgery trainees. Self‐perceived efficacy was assessed with Likert‐scale questions on 20 endoscopy procedures and knowledge was assessed through 21 endoscopy‐related multiple choice questions.ResultsEighty‐one trainees responded to a self‐efficacy questionnaire and 77 responded to the knowledge questionnaire. Over 90% of the trainees were confident or extremely confident in diagnostic endoscopy, but only half demonstrated similar efficacy for therapeutic endoscopy. The efficacy for basic endoscopy procedures was higher for gastroenterology trainees (64.0% vs 51.1%, P < 0.001). Last‐year trainee achievement of conjoint committee requirements for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was achieved in 95.8% of gastroenterology trainees versus 22.2% of surgical trainees (P < 0.001). The median score on the knowledge questionnaire was also higher for the gastroenterology subset (90.5% vs 71.4%, P < 0.001).ConclusionDuring COVID‐19, endoscopy trainees' self‐efficacy in endoscopic diagnostic procedures was achieved for most trainees. The differences in self‐perceived efficacy and knowledge between gastroenterology and surgical trainees may be reflective of the different opportunities for learning between the two groups.
Assessment of Antarctic sea ice area and concentration in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Phase 6 models
Authors: Casagrande Fernanda , Stachelski Letícia , de Souza Ronald Buss 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSea ice is an important and complex component of the Earth system and is considered a sensitive indicator of climate change. The seasonal sea ice cycle regulates the exchange of heat and salinity, altering the energy balance between high and low latitudes as well as the ocean and atmospheric circulation. The accurate representation of Antarctic sea ice has been considered a hot topic in the climate modelling community and lacks conclusive answers. In this paper, we evaluated the ability of 11 climate models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and Phase 6 (CMIP6) to simulate the sea ice seasonal cycle in Antarctica in terms of area (SIA) and concentration (SIC), as well as the improvements in the most recent models' version, submitted to CMIP6. The results indicated that all models are able to accurately capture the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic SIA, with the minimum (maximum) occurring in February (September). In the Weddell Sea, Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, and the Ross Sea, the simulated sea ice concentration revealed a large and systematic bias in February when compared to observations. In September, a large and systematic bias was found nearby the Southern Ocean's northern limit in the Polar Front. Several CMIP6 models exhibited slight improvements on the SIA and SIC estimate over the previous version (CMIP5). All models indicated a significant sea ice loss in the coming years as a response to CO2 forcing. Despite the advancements in the sea ice representation, our findings show that the models are still unable to accurately represent the regional sea ice changes
Using a machine learning algorithm to predict outcome of primary cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Piedimonte Sabrina , Erdman Lauren , So Delvin , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Ferguson Sarah E. , Laframboise Stephane , Bouchard Fortier Genevieve , Cybulska Paulina , May Taymaa , Hogen Liat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm to predict outcome of primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC)MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with AOC undergoing PCS between January 2017 and February 2021. Using radiologic criteria, patient factors (age, CA‐125, performance status, BRCA) and surgical complexity scores, we trained a random forest model to predict the dichotomous outcome of optimal cytoreduction (<1 cm) and no gross residual (RD = 0 mm) using JMP‐Pro 15 (SAS). This model is available at https://ipm-ml.ccm.sickkids.ca.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐one patients underwent PCS and randomly assigned to train (n = 92), validate (n = 30), or test (n = 29) the model. The median age was 58 (27–83). Patients with suboptimal cytoreduction were more likely to have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 3–4 (11% vs. 0.75%, p = 0.004), lower albumin (38 vs. 41, p = 0.02), and higher CA125 (1126 vs. 388, p = 0.012) than patients with optimal cytoreduction (n = 133). There were no significant differences in age, histology, stage, or BRCA status between groups. The bootstrap random forest model had AUCs of 99.8% (training), 89.6%(validation), and 89.0% (test). The top five contributors were CA125, albumin, diaphragmatic disease, age, and ascites. For RD = 0 mm, the AUCs were 94.4%, 52%, and 84%, respectively.ConclusionOur ML algorithm demonstrated high accuracy in predicting optimal cytoreduction in patients with AOC selected for PCS and may assist decision‐making.
Posttraumatic stress response following the loss of significant close others in the Great East Japan Earthquake: Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Harigane Mayumi , Nakajima Satomi , Takebayashi Yui , Maeda Masaharu , Nakano Hironori , Yasumura Seiji , Yabe Hirooki , Ohira Tetsuya , Kamiya Kenji ,   Mental Health Group of the Fukushima Health Management Survey*
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring the Great East Japan Earthquake, many people experienced the loss of family and friends, among other traumatic events. This study sought to clarify the impact of the loss of significant close others on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as well as the factors associated with PTSS, among individuals who experienced the loss of significant close others (i.e., bereaved group). Self‐administered questionnaires were mailed to men and women (N = 180,604) aged 16 years and older living in municipalities that included evacuated areas surrounding the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which was significantly damaged following an earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, causing subsequent radiation leakage; this mailing yielded a 40.7% response rate, with 57,388 valid responses, in 2012. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Specific (PCL‐S) to measure PTSS as the outcome variable. Loss of significant close others in the disaster and respondents’ relationship with the deceased constituted the explanatory variables. Basic characteristics and disaster‐related factors were the confounding variables. Data were analyzed using chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses. The bereaved group showed more severe PTSS than the nonbereaved group, aOR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.50, 1.67]. The risk of developing PTSS increased if the deceased was a respondent's spouse, aOR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.22, 2.29]; child, 1.51 [1.01, 2.25]; or friend, 1.33 [1.16, 1.53]. Individuals who lose significant close others, including both family and friends, in disasters require close mental health care and, if necessary, should be referred for psychiatric treatment.
Laser therapy as a treatment for chronic radiation fibrosis
Authors: Wilson Britney , Shah Rohan , Menzer Christian , Aleisa Abdullah , Rossi Anthony 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic radiation fibrosis (CRF) is a long‐term sequala of radiation therapy that has a significant impact on patient quality of life. There is no standard of care or single therapeutic modality that has been found to be consistently effective.ObjectiveTo describe our experience using fractional 10,600 nm carbon dioxide (CO2) laser therapy and vascular laser therapy in a series of patients with CRF.MethodsPatients presenting to the dermatology service for CRF were evaluated for laser therapy eligibility. Patients were eligible if they had a clinical diagnosis of CRF confirmed by physical examination.ResultsWe identified five patients with CRF treated with fractional ablative CO2 laser and vascular laser. Patients were a median age of 57 years old, and the amount of time between the initiation of radiotherapy and laser treatment ranged between 3 months and 40 years. The satisfactory response was achieved in all cases.LimitationsLack of standardized laser protocol, small sample size, lack of a control group, different anatomical locationsConclusionFractional ablative and vascular laser therapy may serve as an additional treatment for CRF, leading to functional improvements.
The Interindividual Variability of Phytofluene Bioavailability is Associated with a Combination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
Authors: Zumaraga Mark Pretzel , Borel Patrick , Bott Romain , Nowicki Marion , Lairon Denis , Desmarchelier Charles 
Published: November 2022

ScopePhytofluene is a colorless carotenoid with potential health benefits that displays a higher bioavailability compared to carotenoids such as lutein, β‐carotene or lycopene. Several studies suggest its bioavailability displays an elevated interindividual variability. The aim of this work is to investigate whether a combination of SNPs is associated with this variability.Methods and ResultsThirty‐seven healthy adult males consume a test meal that provides phytofluene from a tomato puree. Phytofluene concentrations are measured at fast and in chylomicrons at regular time intervals after meal intake. Identification of the combination of SNPs that best explained the interindividual variability of the phytofluene response is assessed by partial least squares regression. There is a large interindividual variability in the phytofluene response, with CV = 88%. Phytofluene bioavailability is positively correlated with fasting plasma phytofluene concentration (r = 0.57; p = 2 × 10−4). A robust partial least squares regression model comprising 14 SNPs near or within 11 genes (ABCA1‐rs2487059, rs2515629, and rs4149316, APOC1‐rs445925, CD36‐rs3211881, ELOVL5‐rs6941533, FABP1‐rs10185660, FADS3‐rs1000778, ISX‐rs130461, and rs17748559, LIPC‐rs17240713, LPL‐rs7005359, LYPLAL1‐rs1351472, SETD7‐rs11936429) explains 51% (adjusted R2) of the interindividual variability in phytofluene bioavailability.ConclusionsThis study reports a
combination of SNPs that is associated with a significant part of the interindividual variability of phytofluene bioavailability in a healthy male adult population.
T1 relaxation time of ISMRM/NIST T1 phantom spheres at 7 T
Authors: Yen Yi‐Fen , Stupic Karl F. , Janicke Michael T. , Greve Douglas N. , Mareyam Azma , Stockmann Jason , Polimeni Jonathan R. , van der Kouwe Andre , Keenan Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2022

T1 relaxation times of the 14 T1 phantom spheres that make up the standard International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) system phantom are reported at 7 T. T1 values of six of the 14 T1 spheres at 7 T (with T1 > 270 ms) have been reported previously, but, to the best of our knowledge, not all of the T1s of the 14 T1 spheres at 7 T have been reported before. Given the increasing number of 7‐T MRI systems in clinical settings and the increasing need for T1 phantoms that cover a wide range of T1 relaxation times to evaluate rapid T1 mapping techniques at 7 T, it is of high interest to obtain accurate T1 values for all the ISMRM/NIST T1 spheres at 7 T. In this work, T1 relaxation time was measured on a 7‐T MRI scanner using an inversion‐recovery spin‐echo pulse sequence and derived by curve fitting to a signal equation that exhibits insensitivity to
inhomogeneity. Day‐to‐day reproducibility was within 0.4% and differences between two different RF coils within 1.5%. T1s of a subset of the 14 spheres were also measured by NMR at 7 T for comparison, and the T1 results were consistent between the MRI and NMR measurements. T1 measurements performed at 3 T on the same 14 spheres using the same sequence and fitting method yielded good agreement (mean percentage difference of −0.4%) with the reference T1 values available from the NIST, reflecting the accuracy of the reported technique despite being without the standard phantom housing. We found that the T1 values of all 14 NiCl2 spheres are consistently lower at 7 T than at 3 T. Although our results were well reproduced, this study represents initial work to quantify the 7‐T T1 values of all 14 NIST T1 spheres outside of the standard housing and does not warrant reproducibility of the ISMRM/NIST system phantom as a whole. A future study to assess the T1 values of a version of the ISMRM/NIST system phantom that fits inside typical commercial coils at 7 T will be very helpful. Nonetheless, the details on our acquisition and curve‐fitting methods reported here allow the T1 measurements to be reproduced elsewhere. The T1 values of all 14 spheres reported here will be valuable for the development of quantitative MR fingerprinting and rapid T1 mapping for a large variety of research projects, not only in neuroimaging but also in body MRI, musculoskeletal MRI, and gadolinium contrast‐enhanced MRI, each of which is concerned with much shortened T1.
A case report of an alcoholic with delirium tremens diagnosed with hypopharyngeal cancer: Psychiatrists played important roles in the smooth diagnosis and treatments
Authors: Ishida Tetsuro , Murayama Tomonori , Kobayashi Seiju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use increases the risk of developing several types of cancer. Of these, hypopharyngeal cancer has one of the worst prognoses. Moreover, treating an alcoholic patient with hypopharyngeal cancer is often difficult. There are various treatments for hypopharyngeal cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, depending on the state of the cancer and the patient's quality of life. Patients need physical, psychological, and social support in decision‐making and post‐treatment follow‐up. This is especially true for alcoholic patients.Case PresentationA 59‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fatigue, loss of appetite, and tremor of the upper limbs. He was single, alcoholic, and had no family. After treatment for delirium tremens, he complained of throat pain. After endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and examination with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, he was diagnosed with Stage 4 A (T2 N2c M0) hypopharyngeal cancer. The psychiatrist and otolaryngologist discussed the patient's decision‐making capacity and the various risks associated with treatment. Shared decision‐making with the patient was considered most important in determining the treatment strategy. As a result, the patient decided to receive endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery in combination with lymphadenectomy, a challenging surgical treatment. The operation was successful, and the patient is now ready for a new life after discharge.ConclusionPsychiatrists have a significant role to play in the oncological treatment of patients with alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders.
From eligibility assessment to intervention for students with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Goldstein Sam , Sellars Tiffany , Velez Alexandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mean age of identification for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs during the months before children enter kindergarten. The incidence and prevalence of “autistic behaviors” in the general population are not fully understood, however, census‐matched studies of these behaviors have yielded important new data. As children presenting with behaviors characteristic of ASD enter school, school psychologists are increasingly faced with the assessment and determination of individuals with disabilities improvement act (IDEIA) eligibility, often with students yet to be formally diagnosed with ASD. In many US states, a clinical diagnosis of ASD is not required for a child's eligibility to be served under the category of other health impaired as autism. Nor does a diagnosis of ASD automatically qualify a student as eligible under IDEIA. Eligibility hinges on educational impact. This article briefly reviews the current state of knowledge as it relates to understanding and evaluating children with suspected ASD in the schools, offers a framework for assessment, and discusses a set of proposed guidelines to assist in effectively utilizing assessment data in the development of individualized education plan goals.
Higher mortality rates associated with Clostridioides difficile infection in hospitalized children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Santhanam Prathipa , Egberg Matthew , Kappelman Michael D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective(s)To determine the association of Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) with in‐hospital mortality, Length of Stay (LOS), and hospital charges among pediatric Cystic Fibrosis (CF) hospitalizations using a large nationally representative pediatric hospital database.Study designWe identified Cystic Fibrosis‐related hospitalizations during the years 1997 to 2016 in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) and compared in‐hospital mortality, LOS, and hospital charges among hospitalizations with and without a coexisting diagnosis of C. difficile using logistic regression models for mortality and general linear models with gamma distribution and logarithmic transformation for LOS and hospital charges. We also evaluated temporal trends in the proportion of CF hospitalizations with concomitant CDI using data published trienniallyResultsWe analyzed 21,616 pediatric CF hospitalizations between the years 1997 to 2016 and found a total of 240 (1.1%) hospitalizations with concurrent CDI diagnosis. Adjusted analyses demonstrated an association of CDI with increased mortality (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.5–10.7), longer LOS (46.5% increment, 95% CI 36.0–57.1), and higher charges (65.8% increment, 95% CI 53.5–78.1) for all comparisons. The proportion of CF hospitalizations with CDI increased over time from 0.64% in 1997 to 1.73% in 2016 (p < 0.001).Conclusion(s)As CDI is associated with excess mortality, LOS, and cost in children hospitalized for CF, a healthy level of suspicion for CDI may be needed in patients with CF in the appropriate clinical context. Efforts to prevent, diagnose, and treat CDI may improve hospital outcomes among children with CF.
The usefulness of modified distress thermometer in screening adolescents with COVID‐19 for psychological distress: A prospective study
Authors: Gamal Yasser , Mohamed Sherif , Raheem Yaser F. Abdel , Abo Elela Mohamed G. M. , Badawy Ahlam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents are more vulnerable than other age groups to the psychosocial effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The modified distress thermometer (m‐DT) was recently utilized for measuring the prevalence of psychological distress among adult COVID‐19 patients. In the current study, we aimed to test the utilization of this m‐DT in screening adolescent patients with COVID‐19 for psychological distress.MethodsEgyptian adolescent subjects with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID‐19 at a University Hospital were enrolled. Binary logistic regression tests were conducted to explore the association between the m‐DT cutoff scores of 4 and the clinical variables.ResultsA total of 48% (87/182) of the study subjects experienced significant (m‐DT score ≥4) COVID‐19‐related distress. There were substantial differences between those with and without considerable distress regarding the length of quarantine, underlying medical disorders, and the presence of chronic respiratory conditions. Length of quarantine time, chronic respiratory disease, worry, and fever were independent factors associated with significant distress in COVID‐19 adolescent patients.ConclusionsAlmost half of the enrolled Egyptian adolescents with COVID‐19 experienced significant psychological distress. The m‐DT was helpful, as the current study had identified length of quarantine time, presence of chronic respiratory disease, worry, and fever as independent factors associated with significant distress in COVID‐19 adolescents. Further studies are needed.
Alveolar dead space fraction is not associated with early RV systolic dysfunction in pediatric ARDS
Authors: Chilcote Daniel , Mercer‐Rosa Laura , Wang Yan , Kawut Steven M. , Berg Robert A. , Yehya Nadir , Himebauch Adam S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrimary HypothesisWe hypothesized that higher alveolar dead space fraction (AVDSf) at pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) onset would be associated with right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction within the first 24 h of PARDS.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study of PARDS patients with clinically obtained echocardiograms within 24 h. Primary exposure was AVDSf at PARDS onset. Primary outcome was RV systolic dysfunction as defined by RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) (>−18%). Secondary outcomes included pulmonary hypertension (PH) and RV systolic dysfunction as defined by other echocardiogram parameters, and measures of oxygenation. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic and linear regression were used to investigate AVDSf associations with outcomes.ResultsNinety‐one patients were included: median age 6.2 years, 46% female, and 65% with moderate or severe PARDS. Median AVDSf was 0.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.0‐0.3), 33% had RV dysfunction, and 21% had PH. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression showed no association between AVDSf and RV systolic dysfunction or PH by any echocardiographic measure, but unadjusted and adjusted linear regression did show an association between AVDSf and PaO2/FiO2.ConclusionAVDSf at PARDS onset was not associated with RV systolic dysfunction or PH within 24 h but was associated with PaO2/FiO2 ratio and may be more reflective of pulmonary causes of ventilation‐perfusion mismatch. Future investigations should focus on clarifying the clinical utility of AVDSf in relation to existing metrics throughout the course of PARDS.