bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medizinisch-psychiatrische Rehabilitation in Österreich
– Ein Vergleich der Symptombelastung bei Reha-Beginn vor und
während der COVID-19-Pandemie, sowie des
Rehabilitationserfolgs
Authors: Senft Birgit , Krenn Michaela , Petz Doris , Hochfellner Sigurd 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziele In der internationalen Literatur werden Steigerungen der
Inzidenzraten psychischer Erkrankungen durch die COVID-19-Pandemie berichtet.
Junge Menschen und Menschen mit psychischen Vorerkrankungen sind besonders durch
die Pandemie belastet. Gegenstand dieser Studie sind das Ausmaß
psychischer Symptombelastung, die Funktionsfähigkeit und der
Behandlungserfolg bei Rehabilitanden der medizinisch-psychiatrischen
Rehabilitation im Jahr vor Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie und während der
COVID-19-Phase.
Methodik Die Daten von N=1715 Rehabilitanden mit Reha-Abschluss
vor dem ersten Lockdown und von N=707 Rehabilitanden mit Reha-Beginn
nach der Corona-bedingten Schließung der Klinik von März bis Mai
2020 aus den Jahren 2019 und 2020 werden hinsichtlich der
Stichprobencharakteristik sowie der Ergebnisse in den Patient-reported Outcomes
(Beginn und Ende der Rehabilitation) verglichen.
Ergebnisse Zwischen den beiden Beobachtungszeiträumen zeigen sich
keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede in der soziodemografischen Charakteristik der
Rehabilitanden. Bei Reha-Beginn zeigt sich in der Skala Somatisierung kein
signifikanter Unterschied, in den Skalen Ängstlichkeit und
Depressivität zeigt sich während der COVID-19-Phase ein
signifikant höherer Wert, allerdings im Ausmaß eines sehr
kleinen Effekts. In den Skalen zu Aktivitäten und Teilhabe (ICF
3 F AT) sowie bei der Funktionsfähigkeit (WHODAS 2.0)
unterscheiden sich die Werte der Vergleichszeiträume bei Reha-Beginn
nicht. Rehabilitanden mit niedrigerem sozioökonomischem Status
(Reha-Geld oder Invaliditäts-/Berufsunfähigkeitspension)
weisen hingegen in einigen Skalen kritischere Werte auf. Der Reha-Erfolg ist
vergleichbar mit dem Zeitraum vor der COVID-19-Pandemie und liegt im Bereich von
mittleren bis hohen Effektgrößen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie zeigt – unter Berücksichtigung
der Limitationen – geringe oder gar keine signifikanten Unterschiede in
den soziodemografischen Daten und in der Symptombelastung bei Reha-Beginn und
die Effektgrößen sind vergleichbar mit dem Zeitraum vor der
COVID-19-Pandemie. Die Ergebnisse internationaler Studien, dass es zu einem
deutlichen Anstieg psychischer Belastungen während der COVID-19-Pandemie
in der Bevölkerung gekommen ist, können nicht direkt auf die
österreichische Reha-Klientel übertragen werden.
Anterior Skull Base Meningioma: Surgical Approach and Complication Avoidance
Authors: Nangarwal Bhawan , Gosal Jaskaran Singh , Das Kuntal Kanti , Khatri Deepak , Bhaisora Kamlesh , Verma Pawan Kumar , Sardhara Jayesh , Mehrotra Anant , Srivastava Arun K. , Jaiswal Awadhesh K. , Behari Sanjay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction Endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and keyhole transcranial approaches (TCAs) are being increasingly used in anterior skull base meningioma (ASBM) surgery.
Objective We compare tumor resection rates and complication profiles of EEA and supraorbital keyhole approach (SOKHA) with conventional TCAs.
Methods Fifty-four patients with ASBM (olfactory groove meningioma [OGM], n = 19 and planum sphenoidale/tuberculum sellae meningioma [PSM/TSM], n = 35) operated at a single center over 7 years were retrospectively analyzed.
Results The overall rate of gross total resection (GTR) was higher in OGM (15/19, 78.9%) than PSM-TSM group (23/35, 65.7%, p = 0.37). GTR rate with OGM was 90% and 75% with TCA and EEA. Death (n = 1) following medical complication (TCA) and cerebrospinal fluid leak requiring re-exploration (n = 2, one each in TCA and EEA) accounted for the major complications in OGM. For the PSM/TSM group, the GTR rates were 73.3% (n = 11/15), 53.8% (n = 7/13), and 71.4% (n = 5/7) with TCA, EEA, and SOKHA, respectively. Seven patients (20%) of PSM-TSM developed major postoperative complications including four deaths (one each in TCA and SOKHA, and two in EEA groups) and three visual deteriorations. Direct and indirect vascular complications were common in lesser invasive approaches to PSM-TSM especially if the tumor has encased intracranial arteries.
Conclusion No single approach is applicable to all ASBMs. TCA is still the best approach to obtain GTR but has tissue trauma-related problems. SOKHA may be a good alternative to TCA in selected PSM-TSMs, while EEA may be an alternate option in some OGMs. A meticulous patient selection is needed to derive reported results of EEA for PSM-TSM.
Iodine-Promoted Formal [5+1] Annulation of 2-Vinylanilines and Thiurams: A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of 2-Aminoquinolines
Authors: Jiao Jing , Wang Pengyang , Zhang Zhipeng , Xiao Fangtao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuinolines, especially 2-aminoquinolines, are highly important heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. 2-Aminoquinolines can be synthesized by stepwise construction of the quinoline ring followed by additional amination; however, this protocol is cumbersome. Here, we describe a [5+1]-cyclization of 2-vinylanilines with tetraalkylthiuram disulfides in the presence of iodine and copper(II) triflate. This reaction directly employs readily available and low-cost thiuram as both a C1 synthon and a nitrogen source, providing a facile approach to one-step syntheses of a variety of 2-aminoquinolines in good to excellent yields.
Synthesis of Pyrethroids and Jasmonoids through Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Heguaburu Viviana , Parpal Florencia , Paullier Ana Paula , Pandolfi Enrique 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of jasmone and related jasmonoids and pyrethroids is described. These compounds play a defensive role in plants and share a common cyclopentenone core with variations in the side chains. Jasmone, cinerone, allylrethrone, and derivatives were synthesized through π-allyl palladium cross-coupling of stannane derivatives. With selective hydrogenation, dihydrojasmone, and dihydrocinerone were also synthesized.
Total Synthesis of Lamellarins U and A3 by Interrupting Halogen Dance
Authors: Okano Kentaro , Okui Yuya , Yasuda Yuto , Mori Atsunori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA total synthesis of lamellarins U and A3 is described. The synthesis features the interruption of a halogen dance reaction of a metalated α,β-dibromopyrrole. The pyrrolylmagnesium reagent, generated by deprotonative metalation by using (TMP)MgCl·LiCl (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) as the base, was transmetalated to the corresponding organozinc species without causing the halogen dance reaction, which underwent a Negishi coupling to incorporate an aryl group onto the pyrrole ring. The arylated α,β-dibromopyrrole was then converted into lamellarins U and A3 through an α-selective halogen–magnesium exchange followed by carboxylation and subsequent palladium-mediated cyclization. The late-stage introduction of another aryl group was performed using a Kosugi–Migita–Stille coupling to provide lamellarins U and A3.
Palladium-Catalyzed Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with EtOH: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of E- and Z-Alkenes
Authors: Wang Chengniu , Dong Jin , Xu Dawei , Li Tingting , Zhao Xi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA palladium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes to E- and Z-alkenes employing EtOH as the hydrogenating agent is reported. The selectivity of the reaction system was effectively controlled by ­ligand/additive and solvent regulation. The use of sodium acetate/­triethanolamine (NaOAc/TEOA), THF, and (1R,2R)-bis[(2-­methoxyphenyl)phenylphosphino]ethane [(R,R)-DIPAMP] in CH3CN was critical for the stereoselective semihydrogenation of alkynes. The general applicability of this procedure was highlighted by the synthesis of more than 36 alkenes, in good yields with high stereoselectivities.
Mild, General, and Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Aminopyridines from Pyridine N-Oxides via N-(2-Pyridyl)pyridinium Salts
Authors: Xiong Hui , Hoye Adam T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA synthesis of 2-aminopyridines from pyridine N-oxides via their corresponding N-(2-pyridyl)pyridinium salts has been demonstrated and investigated. The reaction sequence features a highly regioselective conversion of the N-oxide into its pyridinium salt followed by hydrolytic decomposition of the pyridinium moiety to furnish the 2-aminopyridine product. The method is compatible with a wide range of functional groups, is scalable, and features inexpensive reagents. 15N-labeling results gave products consistent with a Zincke reaction mechanism.
Administration of Systemic Antibiotics for Dental Treatment in Kosovo Major Dental Clinics: A National Survey
Authors: Mustafa Lirim , Islami Hilmi , Sutej Ivana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective Antibiotics misuse and a high level of antibiotics resistance is observed worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. Kosovo in the last decade is facing challenges regarding antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate patterns of antibiotics prescriptions of dentists in Kosovo's major dental clinics.
Materials and Methods For Kosovo's prescribing pattern, data collection was obtained from 10 Regional Dental Clinics and a Tertiary Health Center regarding patients who were prescribed antibiotics in the years 2015 to 2019. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics and was processed by using MS Excel.
Results Most prescribed antibiotic during the observed period from 2015 to 2019 in Kosovo was amoxicillin, although a drastic increase of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid—as a broad-spectrum antibiotic—is observed. The trend of antibiotics use in tertiary health institutions is in an overall decrease in Kosovo with an exception in the year 2017. Despite this overall decrease, inconsistency in prescribing is observed when the pattern is analyzed for each region separately. The highest number of patients in health care dental clinics received antibiotics for maxilla-related health conditions and the lowest number of them for oncologic ones.
Conclusion The patterns of antibiotics prescriptions by dental practitioners in Kosovo during the years 2015 to 2019 are fluctuating. Compared with the global health care standards, the irrational use of antibiotics in dental health care clinics in Kosovo still exist and this issue should be further addressed by respective actors.
Knowledge and Practice of Dentists Managing Patients on Antithrombotic Medications: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Gaballah Kamis , Hassan Mawada 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives In this article, we explored the level of knowledge and practice of licensed dentists in the United Arab Emirates regarding managing patients on antithrombotic medications. Moreover, to assess the need for educational intervention in this area is one of the objectives.
Materials and Methods A total of 502 dentists answered 22 close-ended questionnaires. The sample size was determined based on the registry of the Ministry of Health.
Results Only 5.6 and 5.9% showed satisfactory overall awareness about aspirin and plavix, respectively, as drugs may hamper hemostasis. A substantial proportion of dentists consider aspirin (63.1%) and clopidogrel (52.2%) discontinuation before treatment. More than one-third of the participants shall not consider extracting teeth before physician approval, and one-quarter to one-third of them refer patients on such medications to oral surgeons to perform tooth extraction. Most respondents did not adequately answer the questions about the additional hemostatic measures and postoperative analgesia. A significantly high number of participants (n = 440, 87.6%) want to attend updated courses on the dental management of such patients.
Conclusions The dentists demonstrate a contrasting diversity of knowledge and practice approaches to patient management on antiplatelet agents. There is an apparent demand to raise understanding of the evidence-based management of a patient on such medications. It is vital to keep formalized training sessions and provide the necessary expertise to students and dentists to prevent unwanted complications.
The Efficacy of High-Volume Evacuators and Extraoral Vacuum Aspirators in Reducing Aerosol and Droplet in Ultrasonic Scaling Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suwandi Trijani , Nursolihati Vidya , Sundjojo Mikha , Widyarman Armelia Sari 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective SARS-CoV-2 can be carried by aerosols and droplets produced during dental procedures, particularly by the use of high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers. High-volume evacuators (HVEs) and extraoral vacuum aspirators (EOVAs) reduce such particles. However, there is limited data on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosols and droplets during ultrasonic scaling procedures.
Materials and Methods Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins: 1. saliva ejector (SE) was used alone (control); 2. SE was used in combination with HVE; and 3. SE was used in combination with HVE and EOVA. Paper filters were placed on the operator's and assistant's face shields and bodies, and the contamination of aerosols and droplets was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters.
Statistical Analysis All data were analyzed for normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The differences between each method were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by a posthoc test. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05.
Result Using HVE and EOVA reduced aerosols and droplets better than using SE alone or SE and HVE: the posthoc test for contamination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.01). The assistant was subjected to greater contamination than the operator during all three ultrasonic scaling procedures.
Conclusion The usage of HVE and EOVA significantly reduced aerosols and droplets compared with using SE solely. Using these techniques together could prevent the transmission of airborne disease during dental cleanings, especially COVID-19. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of dental workers and patients.
Quality-Based Evaluation of Patient-Facing Online Education Materials Regarding Facial Filler Procedures
Authors: Beer Adam J. , Eggerstedt Michael , Urban Matthew J. , Smith Ryan M. , Revenaugh Peter C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInjectable facial fillers have become tremendously more popular in recent years, and the Internet offers a proportional amount of consumer-facing educational material. This study sought to explore the quality of these online materials. The top 20 Web sites offering educational materials about facial filler were identified via Google search and sorted by source: Medical Professional Boards, Hospitals and Providers, Medical News and Reference, and Fashion. The materials were assessed for overall quality with the validated DISCERN instrument. The authors also assessed understandability and actionability (Patient Education Material Assessment Tool - PEMAT), accuracy, comprehensiveness, and readability (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Flesch Reading Ease). The mean DISCERN score was 46.9 ± 7.6, which is considered “fair” quality educational material; above “poor,” but below “good” and “excellent.” Understandability and actionability scores were low, particularly with respect to visual aids. The materials were generally accurate (76–99%), but scored poorly in comprehensiveness, as 15% failed to mention any risks/adverse effects and only 35% mentioned cost. On average, readability was at an 11th grade level, far more complex than ideal (< 6th grade level). Information disseminated from seemingly reputable sources such as professional boards and hospitals/providers were not of higher quality or superior in any of the above studied domains. In conclusion, online educational materials related to injectable facial fillers are of subpar quality, including those from academic and professional organizations. Visual aids were particularly weak. The facial rejuvenation community should make a concerted effort to set a higher standard for disseminating such information.
How do Clinicians View the Process of Shared Decision-Making with Parents Facing Extremely Early Deliveries? Results from an Online Survey
Authors: Kim Brennan Hodgson , Krick Jeanne , Schneider Simone , Montes Andres , Anani Uchenna E. , Murray Peter D. , Arnolds Marin , Feltman Dalia M. 
Published: January 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to better understand how neonatology (Neo) and maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) physicians approach the process of shared decision-making (SDM) with parents facing extremely premature (<25 weeks estimated gestational age) delivery during antenatal counseling.
Study Design Attending physicians at U.S. centers with both Neo and MFM fellowships were invited to answer an original online survey about antenatal counseling for extremely early newborns. Preferences for conveying information are reported elsewhere. Here, we report clinicians' self-assessments of their ability to engage in deliberations and decision-making and perceptions of what is important to parents in the SDM process. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed respondents' views with respect to individual characteristics, such as specialty, gender, and years of clinical experience.
Results In total, 74 MFMs and 167 Neos representing 94% of the 81 centers surveyed responded. Neos versus MFMs reported repeat visits with parents less often (<0.001) and agreed that parents were more likely to have made delivery room decisions before they counseled them less often (p < 0.001). Respondents reported regularly achieving most goals of SDM, with the exception of providing spiritual support. Most respondents reported that spiritual and religious views, risk to an infant's survival, and the infant's quality of life were important to parental decision-making, while a physician's own personal choice and family political views were reported as less important. While many barriers to SDM exist, respondents rated language barriers and family views that differ from those of a provider as the most difficult barriers to overcome.
Conclusion This study provides insights into how consultants from different specialties and demographic groups facilitate SDM, thereby informing future efforts for improving counseling and engaging in SDM with parents facing extremely early deliveries and supporting evidence-based training for these complex communication skills.
Key Points
Probing chirality across the electromagnetic spectrum with the full semi-classical light–matter interaction
Authors: van Horn Martin , Saue Trond , List Nanna Holmgaard 
Published: January 2022

We present a formulation and implementation of anisotropic and isotropic electronic circular dichroism (ECD) using the full semi-classical light–matter interaction operator within a four-component relativistic framework. Our treatment uniquely accounts for both beyond-first-order light–matter interactions and relativistic effects, enabling us to investigate the ECD response across the electromagnetic spectrum from optical to x-ray wavelengths where relativistic selection rules and spatial field variations gain increasing importance. We consider the isotropic and oriented ECD across the valence transition and sulfur L- and K-edge transitions in the simplest disulfides, H2S2 and (CH3S)2, and evaluate the influence of the full interaction by comparing to a traditional truncated formulation in the Coulomb gauge (velocity representation). Additionally, we demonstrate that in the relativistic formalism, it is possible to work in the velocity representation, hence keeping order-by-order gauge-origin invariance, contrary to the multipolar gauge, yet being able to distinguish electric and magnetic multipole contributions. Going beyond a first-order treatment in the wave vector is mandatory in the higher-energy end of the soft x-ray region and beyond where the consequent intensity redistribution becomes significant. While the sulfur K-edge absorption spectrum is essentially unaffected by this redistribution, the signed differential counterpart is not: At least third-order contributions are required to describe the differential absorption profile that is otherwise overestimated by a factor of about two. The first-order description deteriorates at higher transition energies (beyond ∼1000 eV) where it may even fail to predict the sign of individual differential oscillator strengths.
Bimolecular reactions on sticky and slippery clusters: Electron-induced
reactions of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Poštulka Jan , Slavíček Petr , Pysanenko Andriy , Poterya Viktoriya , Fárník Michal 
Published: January 2022

Nanoparticles can serve as an efficient reaction environment for bimolecular reactions as the reactants concentrate either inside the nanoparticle or on the surface of the nanoparticle. The reaction rate is then controlled by the rate of formation of the reaction pairs. We demonstrate this concept on the example of electron-induced reactions in hydrogen peroxide. We consider two types of nanoparticle environments: solid argon particles, only weakly interacting with the hydrogen peroxide reactant, and ice particles with a much stronger interaction. The formation of hydrogen peroxide dimers is investigated via classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a microsecond timescale. With a modified force field for hydrogen peroxide, we found out a fast formation and stabilization of the hydrogen peroxide dimer for argon nanoparticles, while the reaction pair was formed reversibly at a much slower rate on the water nanoparticles. We have further investigated the electron-induced reactions using non-adiabatic ab initio MD simulations, identifying the possible reaction products upon the ionization or electron attachment. The major reaction path in all cases corresponded to a proton transfer. The computational findings are supported by mass spectrometry experiments, where large ArM and (H2O)M nanoparticles are generated, and several hydrogen peroxide molecules are embedded on these nanoparticles in a pickup process. Subsequently, the nanoparticles are ionized either positively by 70 eV electrons or negatively by electron attachment at electron energies below 5 eV. The recorded mass spectra demonstrate the efficient coagulation of H2O2 on ArM, while it is quite limited on (H2O)M.
Microestimates of wealth for all low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Chi Guanghua , Fang Han , Chatterjee Sourav , Blumenstock Joshua E. 
Published: January 2022

SignificanceMany critical policy decisions rely on data about the geographic distribution of wealth and poverty, yet only half of all countries have access to adequate data on poverty. This paper creates a complete and publicly available set of microestimates of the distribution of relative poverty and wealth across all 135 low- and middle-income countries. We provide extensive evidence of the accuracy and validity of the estimates and also provide confidence intervals for each microestimate to facilitate responsible downstream use. These methods and maps provide a set of tools to study economic development and growth, guide interventions, monitor and evaluate policies, and track the elimination of poverty worldwide.