bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definitions of Urban Poverty by Lay Persons in Uganda and its Implications for Effective Anti‐poverty Interventions
Authors: Turyahabwa Joy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbstractA qualitative study was undertaken to explore the definitions of poverty among urban lay persons (employed and unemployed) accessing the Kampala City Council Authority public gardens and among Sheraton Uganda Hotel employees and trainees. For purposes of this paper responses to the semi‐structured question, ‘how would you define poverty ?’ were analysed using the thematic approach of Boyatsis (1998). Two distinct main categories of definitions were obtained from the respondents, that is the individual level and the community level definitions of poverty. The main sub‐themes under the individual level category were: a lack of basic needs; low income/ low purchasing power, social exclusion/failure to fulfill social roles and psychological/spiritual distress. Under the community level category main sub‐themes were: a state of few employment opportunities in the community and a general scarcity of goods and services. There were minimal gender differences. The results of this study affirm the multidimensional nature of urban poverty as seen from a lay person's perspective.It highlights the need for more research into the non‐economic factors in urban poverty such as social exclusion/ failure to fulfill social roles and psychological /spiritual distress, and the need for the development of situation specific interventions to address them.
Ethical Standards and Alleviation of Poverty in Africa
Authors: Sempiga Olivier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbstractToday, throughout Africa, many people are afflicted by acute misery and persistent hunger. Thousands of innocent children among them die each year from lack of food and medical attention. Others cannot afford to go to school. These lacks are a reflection of the many “unfreedoms” afflicting people in Africa. I argue that the key to ending these people's extreme poverty is to remove all sorts of “unfreedoms” due inter alia to nepotism, corruption, unfair international systems, greed and consumerism, all of which seem to be a consequence of selfishness. To achieve that, leaders and others involved in development need certain ethical standards. They need to transcend selfishness, a me‐centered‐ethics that encourages utility maximization, and bear in mind that the other person also needs to develop. Using the examples of Rwanda and Zimbabwe, I show how African leaders need a certain amount of ethical standards if they are to alleviate poverty. This ethics‐of‐duty‐towards‐other‐people as I call it may be achieved through education and putting up strong legal structures.
The Digital Health Divide: A New Threat to Health Care Quality and Cost?
Authors: Nicogossian Arnauld , Zimmerman Thomas , Kloiber Otmar , Doarn Charles R. , Stabile Bonnie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInformation technology (IT) and the digital revolution continue to transform the biomedical research and health care practice landscape worldwide. While contributing to the dissemination of knowledge and the promise of reducing health care costs, access to this capability is not universal. Many communities, patients and health professionals worldwide do not have access to digital data repositories or even have Internet access. A major roadblock for developing nations is the cost of access and rapidly evolving IT tools. Language and “Internet literacy” are the other two major impediments in achieving access.
In the News
Authors: Nicogossian Arnauld 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the Editors' opinion, the information summarized for this section can help with the development of health policies, standards, daily care practice and counseling of patients in preventative care. For additional information, readers might wish to visit Internet‐based medical news websites, some free of charge, such as PLoS Medicine, MedScape, Stone Heart, Cochrane Collaboration, American College of Physicians, and the World Medical Association.
Triviality of the Hecke action on ordinary Drinfeld cuspforms of level Γ1(tn)
Authors: Hattori Shin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLetk≥2{k\geq 2}andn≥1{n\geq 1}be any integers. In this paper, we prove that all Hecke operators act trivially on the space of ordinary Drinfeld cuspforms of levelΓ1⁢(tn){\hskip-0.569055pt\Gamma_{1}(t^{n})\hskip-0.284528pt}and weightk{\hskip-0.284528ptk\hskip-0.569055pt}.
No One Left Behind? Assessing the Global Financial Safety Net Performance During COVID-19
Authors: Mühlich Laurissa , Fritz Barbara , Kring William N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The global financial safety net (GFSN) has become increasingly voluminous and complex. The ever-increasing capacity for crisis prevention and liquidity support of emergency financing institutions and arrangements at the bilateral, regional, and global level sums up to a total lending capacity of at least US$ 3.5 trillion (Mühlich, L., B. Fritz, W. N. Kring, and K. P. Gallagher. 2020. The Global Financial Safety Net Tracker: Lessons for the COVID-19 Crisis from a New Interactive Dataset. GEGI Policy Brief 10. Boston: Global Development Policy Center. Also available at:www.bu.edu/gdp/files/2020/04/GEGI-GDP_PolicyBrief_FInal.pdf). This represents a more than tenfold increase to available short-term liquidity compared to before the global financial crisis of 2008/09. Yet despite this tremendous increase in resources, the GFSN remains scarcely utilized throughout the COVID-19 crisis. This article develops a framework, that builds upon concepts in economics and international political economy, to analyze GFSN inefficiencies and to evaluate the utilization of the GFSN. Combining balance of payments models with the concept of regime complexity, we analyze and compare patterns of GFSN utilization in response to COVID-19 with past usage. We ask if the current GFSN is adequately built to efficiently respond to such a crisis. We are especially interested in examining the role that the six existing RFAs between EMDEs play in the GFSN.
Vulnerabilities in Kantian Constructivism: Why they Matter for Objective Normativity
Authors: Cadilha Susana , Lisboa Francisco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn section 1 we present moral constructivism as a metaphysical project which grounds moral norms in the attitude of valuing by rational agents. In section 2 we establish that Kantian Constructivism – opposed to Humean Constructivism – seeks objective and universal moral norms through a process of rational construction and ratification of norms that does not draw on any kind of subjective attitude of valuing. In section 3 we explore whether Kant is a moral constructivist or moral realist, arguing that he might be read as a proto-moral constructivist whose formulas impose standards of correctness upon our moral judgments, from which we formulate moral norms as necessary facts of reason. In section 4 we argue that: 1) vulnerabilities have moral relevance which adds merit to the project of finding objective moral norms, and 2) the inclusion of vulnerabilities as empirical contingencies is compatible with Kantian Constructivism. We do so by considering vulnerabilities a constitutive aspect of finite rational agents which must, therefore, be implied and considered in the process of moral construction.
Three Rival Versions of Kantian Constructivism
Authors: Garcia Ernesto V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to make headway on the debate about whether Kant was a constructivist, nonconstructivist, or instead defends a hybrid view that somehow entirely sidesteps these categories, I attempt to clarify the terms of the debate more carefully than is usually done. First, I discuss the overall relationship between realism and constructivism. Second, I identify four main features of Kantian constructivism in general. Third, I examine three rival versions of metanormative Kantian constructivism, what I’ll call axiological, constitutivist, and rationalist constructivist. I argue that Kant is best seen as a rationalist constructivist. I conclude by arguing that although it’s a constructivist view, this reading avoids the main pitfalls of traditional Kantian constructivism. In doing so, it helps us to achieve a satisfying rapprochement between constructivist and non-constructivist (that is, so-called ‘realist’) readings of Kant.
Réflexion théorique et expérientielle sur le développement des compétences du 21e siècle des élèves en classe flexible au primaire
Authors: Parent Séverine , Caron Josianne , Adams Gabrielle 
Published: September 2022

Dans les milieux scolaires, les apprenant·e·s ont à développer les compétences du 21e siècle (C21) (gouvernement du Québec, 2019). La classe flexible, qui propose aux élèves différentes positions de travail afin qu’ils développent leurs compétences avec un maximum de confort et de concentration (Uline et al., 2010), pourrait être un environnement pédagogique propice au développement des C21 (GPAEA, 2014). Toutefois, on ignore les liens entre les C21 et la classe flexible en tant que réponse adaptative (Adams, sous presse). Le texte combine une réflexion théorique et un regard expérientiel sur la classe flexible afin d’illustrer en quoi elle permet de développer les C21.
Thermodynamic properties of selected compounds of the Ag–In–Se system determined by the electromotive force method
Authors: Moroz M.V. , Demchenko P.Yu. , Tesfaye F. , Prokhorenko M.V. , Mysina O.I. , Soliak L.V. , Yarema N.P. , Prokhorenko S.V. , Reshetnyak O.V. 
Published: September 2022

The equilibrium phase space of the Ag–In–Se system in the part AgInSe2–InSe–Se below 500 K consists seven three-phase regions In2Se3–AgIn11Se17–Se (I), AgIn11Se17–AgIn5Se8–Se (II), AgIn5Se8–AgInSe2–Se (IІІ), In2Se3–In6Se7–AgIn11Se17 (ІV), In6Se7–AgIn11Se17–AgIn5Se8 (V), InSe–In6Se7–AgIn5Se8, and InSe–AgIn5Se8–AgInSe2 (VI). Division of the AgInSe2–InSe–Se into separate phase regions was performed based on electromotive force vs temperature dependences of six electrochemical cells (ECCs) of the type: (−) С | Ag | SЕ | R(Ag+) | PЕ | С (+), where C is the graphite (inert electrode), Ag is the left (negative) electrode, SE is the solid-state electrolyte (Ag3GeS3Br glass), PE is the right (positive) electrode, R(Ag+) is the buffer region of PE that contacts with SE. The process of forming of the thermodynamically stable set of phases from phase non-equilibrium mixture of compounds specified in (I)–(VI) is carried out in the R(Ag+) region. The Ag+ ions act as the small nucleation centers for stable phases. Based on the temperature dependences of the electromotive force of ECCs with PE of the (I)–(VI) phase regions, the standard thermodynamic functions of the binary In6Se7 and three ternary compounds in the adjacent phase regions were calculated for the first time. The agreement of the calculated values of the standard Gibbs energies of the AgIn5Se8 compound in two different phase regions (II) and (V): -(819,6±8,9) kJ·mol −1 and -(820,0±8,9) kJ·mol −1 characterizes the phase composition of the regions (I), (II), (IV), and (V) below 500 K as a combination of compounds of formulaic composition.
A Methodology to Create Mother-Baby Dyads Using Data From the Pediatric Health Information System
Authors: Hahn Phillip D. , Melvin Patrice , Graham Dionne A. , Milliren Carly E. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Linking newborn birth records with maternal delivery data is invaluable in perinatal research, though linkage is often challenging or impossible in the context of administrative data. Using data from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS), we describe a novel methodology to link maternal delivery data with newborn birth hospitalization records to form mother-baby dyads.

METHODS
We extracted singleton birth discharges and maternal delivery discharges between 2016 and 2020 from hospitals submitting large volumes of maternal delivery discharges and newborn deliveries into PHIS. Birth discharges at these PHIS hospitals included routine births and those requiring specialty care. Newborn discharges were matched to maternal discharges within hospital by date of birth, mode of delivery, and ZIP code.

RESULTS
We identified a matching maternal discharge for 92.1% of newborn discharges (n = 84 593/91 809). Within-hospital match rates ranged from 87.4% to 93.9%. Within the matched cohort, most newborns were normal birth weight (91.2%) and term (61.2%) or early term (27.4%). A total of 88.8% of newborns had birth stays less than 5 days and 14.2% were admitted to the NICU.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate the feasibility of deterministically linking maternal deliveries to newborn discharges forming mother-baby dyads with a high degree of success using data from PHIS. The matched cohort may be used to study a variety of neonatal conditions that are likely to be affected by maternal demographic or clinical factors at delivery. Validation of this methodology is an important next step and area of future work.
The Holy Exclusion: Religious Belief or Gender Bias? Strategies for the Embodiment of Gender Equality among Different Religions in Contemporary India
Authors: Gupta Juhi 
Published: September 2022

Aim Religion in India continues to remain a male-bastion with men occupying positions of leadership in religious institutions and wielding inordinate control. Against this backdrop, this research analyses the recent emergence of women claiming their space in religion, with specific focus on decision making powers, accessibility to religious careers, and rights and entitlements to religious finances and accruements.
Methods The review made use of extensive and in-depth analysis off secondary sources of research and informative materials available, specifically on the subject matters of religion, women and modern feminist campaigns. Major sources utilized were newspapers articles, journal articles, scholarly research on related topics and court hearings and judgments of relevant cases.
Results The analysis reveals that there is clear progress by feminist movements in challenging inequality in religion, by demanding equal access to places of worship and questioning religious practices that exclude them. Women are calling out male leadership where they have abused their power under the guise of faith. Feminist movements are also demanding women’s participation in the financial endowments that accrues to religion. Women are also making determined entry into careers related to religion. The growing number of institutions that provide religious training to women are not only enabling women to take up priestly and other religious roles, but also equipping them to question patriarchal interpretation of scriptures.
Conclusion While the rising feminist movement towards obtaining equality within religion becomes quite apparent, one of the contributing factors could be the consistency of the judiciary in upholding the constitutional rights granted to women. Specifically, the Supreme Court, with its judgements and progressive interpretations of religious laws, has aided the women in their struggle. Since the questioning of patriarchal control of religious structures is happening almost parallelly across all major religions in India, it can also be theorised that there is a rising feministic consciousness that underpins the quest for religious equality and equal treatment.
An Investigation on Namings Around Bolu and Duzce Tombs
Authors: Kaplan Haktan , Peker Selçuk 
Published: September 2022

Aim. The purpose of conducting a self-contained study on the naming of visiting places was the main motivation for this study. It is aimed to examine the historical background, visiting times, pre- and post-visit practices of mausoleum and grave visits seen in Turkish culture based on the regions of Bolu and Duzce, and to create a classification related to the ways in which the visiting places are named.
Methods. This study covers the places of visit in Bolu and Duzce provinces in general, and visits to mausoleums in particular. Research: traditions, customs, rites, ceremonies have been revealed based on folk beliefs by using the discipline and methods of folklore. The data were collected through interview, participatory observation, and unattended observation methods.
Results. As a result of this study, in Bolu 50, in Duzce 17 the tomb and the grave were examined and it was determined how and according to what these sacred places received their names.
Conclusion. In almost every study conducted on sacred places of visit, various researches have been carried out by different disciplines on the naming of sacred places, and a new naming study was being conducted each time according to the characteristics of the region. This has led to the emergence of independent classifications. In this regard, there has been a need to conduct a comprehensive study of the naming and including the characteristics of the person buried in the grave. Based on this need, it was both the first in this field of study and a classification was put forward.
CROP COEFFICIENT OF MARANDU PALISADE GRASS: AN APPROACH INVOLVING LEAF AREA INDEX AND CANOPY HEIGHT
Authors: Souza Débora Pantojo de , Sanches Arthur Carniato , Mendonça Fernando Campos , Pilau Felipe Gustavo , Jesus Fernanda Lamede Ferreira de 
Published: September 2022

Determining the evapotranspiration rate enhances our understanding of plant water needs, potentially improving irrigation management. This study aimed to investigate the water consumption of the Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) cultivar ‘Marandu’, single cropped and intercropped with black oat and ryegrass, by determining the crop coefficient (Kc) and their correlation with canopy height (CH) and leaf area index (LAI). The experiment was carried out at ESALQ/USP from April 2016 to January 2017. Two weighing lysimeters were used for calculated the Crop evapotranspiration (ETc): one with single-cropped Marandu palisade grass throughout the year and the other intercropped with black oat and ryegrass during autumn and winter (from April to September 2016). Estimated Kc, CH, and LAI were measured every 4-day. Regression equations were generated to determine the correlation between Kc and CH and Kc and LAI in each season. Minimum and maximum Kc values for single cultivation in each season were: 0.61 and 0.97 for spring, 0.45 and 1.10 for summer, 0.47 and 0.74 for autumn, and 0.52 and 0.94 for winter. In the intercropped cultivation, Kc values ranged from 0.62 to 1.04.
Dynamic Controllability of Temporally-flexible Reactive Programs
Authors: Effinger Robert , Williams Brian , Kelly Gerard , Sheehy Michael 
Published: September 2022

In this paper we extend dynamic controllability of temporally-flexible plans to temporally-flexible reactive programs. We consider three reactive programming language constructs whose behavior depends on runtime observations; conditional execution, iteration, and exception handling. Temporally-flexible reactive programs are distinguished from temporally-flexible plans in that program execution is conditioned on the runtime state of the world. In addition, exceptions are thrown and caught at runtime in response to violated timing constraints, and handled exceptions are considered successful program executions. Dynamic controllability corresponds to a guarantee that a program will execute to completion, despite runtime constraint violations and uncertainty in runtime state. An algorithm is developed which frames the dynamic controllability problem as an AND/OR search tree over possible program executions. A key advantage of this approach is the ability to enumerate only a subset of possible program executions that guarantees dynamic controllability, framed as an AND/OR solution subtree.
Searching for Good Solutions in Goal-Dense Search Spaces
Authors: Coles Amanda , Coles Andrew 
Published: September 2022

In this paper we explore the challenges surrounding searching effectively in problems with preferences. These problems are characterized by a relative abundance of goal states: at one extreme, if every goal is soft, every state is a goal state. We present techniques for planning in such search spaces, managing the sometimes-conflicting aims of intensifying search around states on the open list that are heuristically close to new, better goal states; and ensuring search is sufficiently diverse to find new low-cost areas of the search space, avoiding local minima. Our approach uses a novel cost-bound-sensitive heuristic, based on finding several heuristic distance-to-go estimates in each state, each satisfying a different subset of preferences. We present results comparing our new techniques to the current state-of-the-art and demonstrating their effectiveness on a wide range of problems from recent International Planning Competitions.
La fotografía en el diseño de los títulos de crédito de las películas de Pedro Almodóvar
Authors: Parejo Nekane 
Published: September 2022

La preocupación del director Pedro Almodóvar por los elementos estéticos de sus películas es uno de los rasgos que definen su trayectoria y alcanza al diseño de los títulos de crédito como carta de presentación de sus producciones. Desde esta premisa, la investigación se ha centrado en la fotografía como un elemento que contribuye a su diseño gráfico. Para abordar esta cuestión, nos hemos propuesto tres objetivos específicos: determinar las fórmulas que emplea este cineasta para acoger imágenes fotográficas en el diseño gráfico de los títulos de crédito, comparar las aperturas y los créditos de cierre y establecer sus rasgos característicos en función de los contenidos visuales que emplean y su relación con los personajes y narración cinematográfica en Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios (1988), Tacones lejanos (1991) y La mala educación (2004). Metodológicamente nos hemos servido de la versión cualitativa del análisis de contenido, donde a partir de la filmografía completa de Pedro Almodóvar hemos seleccionado una muestra delimitada en función de los títulos de crédito que cuentan con imágenes fotográficas. Para fijar las categorías se ha elaborado una clasificación propia que parte de Inceer y Vanoye para el estudio de los motivos visuales, de Laibag para la relación entre los títulos de crédito y la narración fílmica y deDubois y Parejo para las formas de inserción de los créditos. Los resultados muestran cuatro fórmulas que delatan la presencia de la fotografía en los títulos de crédito: el Time-lapse, lo profílmico, el congelado de imagen y la inserción de fotografías. Este último hace referencia a objetos reales, cuyos motivos visuales más recurrentes se corresponden con el collage, la fragmentación, el cromatismo artificioso, la repetición de contenidos, la simetría yla metáfora visual (que marca la relación de los créditos con los personajes y la narración fílmica).