bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Distinct Neural Subspaces in Motor Cortical Dynamics during Volitional Adjustments of Ongoing Locomotion
Authors: Xing David , Truccolo Wilson , Borton David A. 
Published: October 2022

The ability to modulate ongoing walking gait with precise, voluntary adjustments is what allows animals to navigate complex terrains. However, how the nervous system generates the signals to precisely control the limbs while simultaneously maintaining locomotion is poorly understood. One potential strategy is to distribute the neural activity related to these two functions into distinct cortical activity coactivation subspaces so that both may be conducted simultaneously without disruptive interference. To investigate this hypothesis, we recorded the activity of primary motor cortex in male nonhuman primates during obstacle avoidance on a treadmill. We found that the same neural population was active during both basic unobstructed locomotion and volitional obstacle avoidance movements. We identified the neural modes spanning the subspace of the low-dimensional dynamics in primary motor cortex and found a subspace that consistently maintains the same cyclic activity throughout obstacle stepping, despite large changes in the movement itself. All of the variance corresponding to this large change in movement during the obstacle avoidance was confined to its own distinct subspace. Furthermore, neural decoders built for ongoing locomotion did not generalize to decoding obstacle avoidance during locomotion. Our findings suggest that separate underlying subspaces emerge during complex locomotion that coordinates ongoing locomotor-related neural dynamics with volitional gait adjustments. These findings may have important implications for the development of brain–machine interfaces.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLocomotion and precise, goal-directed movements are two distinct movement modalities with known differing requirements of motor cortical input. Previous studies have characterized the cortical activity during obstacle avoidance while walking in rodents and felines, but, to date, no such studies have been completed in primates. Additionally, in any animal model, it is unknown how these two movements are represented in primary motor cortex (M1) low-dimensional dynamics when both activities are performed at the same time, such as during obstacle avoidance. We developed a novel obstacle avoidance paradigm in freely moving nonhuman primates and discovered that the rhythmic locomotion-related dynamics and the voluntary, gait-adjustment movement separate into distinct subspaces in M1 cortical activity. Our analysis of decoding generalization may also have important implications for the development of brain–machine interfaces.
Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Coexpression in GABAergic, Glutamatergic, and GABA/Glutamatergic Subpopulations in the Central Extended Amygdala and Ventral Pallidum of Young Male Primates
Authors: Fudge Julie L. , Kelly Emily A. , Hackett Troy A. 
Published: October 2022

The central extended amygdala (CEA) and ventral pallidum (VP) are involved in diverse motivated behaviors based on rodent models. These structures are conserved, but expanded, in higher primates, including human. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), a canonical “stress molecule” associated with the CEA and VP circuitry across species, is dynamically regulated by stress and drugs of abuse and misuse. CRF's effects on circuits critically depend on its colocation with primary “fast” transmitters, making this crucial for understanding circuit effects. We surveyed the distribution and colocalization of CRF-, VGluT2- (vesicular glutamate transporter 2), and VGAT- (vesicular GABA transporter) mRNA in specific subregions of the CEA and VP in young male monkeys. Although CRF-containing neurons were clustered in the lateral central bed nucleus (BSTLcn), the majority were broadly dispersed throughout other CEA subregions, and the VP. CRF/VGAT-only neurons were highest in the BSTLcn, lateral central amygdala nucleus (CeLcn), and medial central amygdala nucleus (CeM) (74%, 73%, and 85%, respectively). In contrast, lower percentages of CRF/VGAT only neurons populated the sublenticular extended amygdala (SLEAc), ventrolateral bed nucleus (BSTLP), and VP (53%, 54%, 17%, respectively), which had higher complements of CRF/VGAT/VGluT2-labeled neurons (33%, 29%, 67%, respectively). Thus, the majority of CRF-neurons at the “poles” (BSTLcn and CeLcn/CeM) of the CEA are inhibitory, while the “extended” BSTLP and SLEAc subregions, and neighboring VP, have a more complex profile with admixtures of “multiplexed” excitatory CRF neurons. CRF's colocalization with its various fast transmitters is likely circuit-specific, and relevant for understanding CRF actions on specific target sites.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe central extended amygdala (CEA) and ventral pallidum (VP) regulate multiple motivated behaviors through differential downstream projections. The stress neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is enriched in the CEA, and is thought to “set the gain” through modulatory effects on coexpressed primary transmitters. Using protein and transcript assays in monkey, we found that CRF neurons are broadly and diffusely distributed in CEA and VP. CRF mRNA+neurons colocalize with VGAT (GABA) and VGluT2 (glutamate) mRNAs in different proportions depending on subregion. CRF mRNA was also coexpressed in a subpopulation of VGAT/VGluT2 mRNA (“multiplexed”) cells, which were most prominent in the VP and “pallidal”-like parts of the CEA. Heterogeneous CRF and fast transmitter coexpression across CEA/VP subregions implies circuit-specific effects.
The RNA-Binding Protein HuR Is Integral to the Function of Nociceptors in Mice and Humans
Authors: Kunder Nikesh , de la Peña June Bryan , Lou Tzu-Fang , Chase Rebecca , Suresh Prarthana , Lawson Jennifer , Shukla Tarjani , Black Bryan , Campbell Zachary T. 
Published: October 2022

HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in RNA processing, stability, and translation. Previously, we examined protein synthesis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons treated with inflammatory mediators using ribosome profiling. We found that the HuR consensus binding element was enriched in transcripts with elevated translation. HuR is expressed in the soma of nociceptors and their axons. Pharmacologic inhibition of HuR with the small molecule CMLD-2 reduced the activity of mouse and human sensory neurons. Peripheral administration of CMLD-2 in the paw or genetic elimination of HuR from sensory neurons diminished behavioral responses associated with NGF- and IL-6-induced allodynia in male and female mice. Genetic disruption of HuR altered the proximity of mRNA decay factors near a key neurotrophic factor (TrkA). Collectively, the data suggest that HuR is required for local control of mRNA stability and reveals a new biological function for a broadly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory factor.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNociceptors undergo long-lived changes in excitability, which may contribute to chronic pain. Noxious cues that promote pain lead to rapid induction of protein synthesis. The underlying mechanisms that confer specificity to mRNA control in nociceptors are unclear. Here, we identify a conserved RNA-binding protein called HuR as a key regulatory factor in sensory neurons. Using a combination of genetics and pharmacology, we demonstrate that HuR is required for signaling in nociceptors. In doing so, we report an important mechanism of mRNA control in sensory neurons that ensures appropriate nociceptive responses to inflammatory mediators.
Unfolded protein response IRE1/XBP1 signaling is required for healthy mammalian brain aging
Authors: Cabral‐Miranda Felipe , Tamburini Giovanni , Martinez Gabriela , Ardiles Alvaro O , Medinas Danilo B , Gerakis Yannis , Hung Mei‐Li Diaz , Vidal René , Fuentealba Matias , Miedema Tim , Duran‐Aniotz Claudia , Diaz Javier , Ibaceta‐Gonzalez Cristobal , Sabusap Carleen M , Bermedo‐Garcia Francisca , Mujica Paula , Adamson Stuart , Vitangcol Kaitlyn , Huerta Hernan , Zhang Xu , Nakamura Tomohiro , Sardi Sergio Pablo , Lipton Stuart A , Kennedy Brian K , Henriquez Juan Pablo , Cárdenas J Cesar , Plate Lars , Palacios Adrian G , Hetz Claudio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAging is a major risk factor to develop neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with decreased buffering capacity of the proteostasis network. We investigated the significance of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a major signaling pathway activated to cope with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in the functional deterioration of the mammalian brain during aging. We report that genetic disruption of the ER stress sensor IRE1 accelerated age‐related cognitive decline. In mouse models, overexpressing an active form of the UPR transcription factor XBP1 restored synaptic and cognitive function, in addition to reducing cell senescence. Proteomic profiling of hippocampal tissue showed that XBP1 expression significantly restore changes associated with aging, including factors involved in synaptic function and pathways linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The genes modified by XBP1 in the aged hippocampus where also altered. Collectively, our results demonstrate that strategies to manipulate the UPR in mammals may help sustain healthy brain aging.
Actin filaments form a size‐dependent diffusion barrier around centrosomes
Authors: Cheng Hsuan , Kao Yu‐Lin , Chen Ting , Sharma Lohitaksh , Yang Wen‐Ting , Chuang Yi‐Chien , Huang Shih‐Han , Lin Hong‐Rui , Huang Yao‐Shen , Kao Chi‐Ling , Yang Lee‐Wei , Bearon Rachel , Cheng Hui‐Chun , Hsia Kuo‐Chiang , Lin Yu‐Chun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe centrosome, a non‐membranous organelle, constrains various soluble molecules locally to execute its functions. As the centrosome is surrounded by various dense components, we hypothesized that it may be bordered by a putative diffusion barrier. After quantitatively measuring the trapping kinetics of soluble proteins of varying size at centrosomes by a chemically inducible diffusion trapping assay, we find that centrosomes are highly accessible to soluble molecules with a Stokes radius of less than 5.8 nm, whereas larger molecules rarely reach centrosomes, indicating the existence of a size‐dependent diffusion barrier at centrosomes. The permeability of this barrier is tightly regulated by branched actin filaments outside of centrosomes and it decreases during anaphase when branched actin temporally increases. The actin‐based diffusion barrier gates microtubule nucleation by interfering with γ‐tubulin ring complex recruitment. We propose that actin filaments spatiotemporally constrain protein complexes at centrosomes in a size‐dependent manner.
Chylous effusions in advanced medullary thyroid cancer patients treated with selpercatinib
Authors: Prete Alessandro , Gambale Carla , Cappagli Virginia , Bottici Valeria , Rossi Piercarlo , Caciagli Marco , Papini Piermarco , Taddei Donatella , Ortori Simona , Gabbrielli Luciano , Celi Alessandro , Materazzi Gabriele , Elisei Rossella , Matrone Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Selpercatinib is a highly selective RET-inhibitor drug, approved for the treatment of RET-altered lung and thyroid cancers. So far, RET-altered medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients treated with selpercatinib showed a remarkable objective response rate and safety profile. However, new treatment emerging adverse events (TEAEs) have been recently reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, features, and clinical management of effusions that are one of these TEAEs.

Design
Around 10 of 11 patients with advanced MTC enrolled in the LIBRETTO-201 clinical trial at Endocrinology Unit of the Pisa University Hospital were evaluated for the presence and management of effusions.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated MTC patients treated with selpercatinib. The presence of pleural, pericardial, abdominal, and/or pelvic effusions was evaluated by reviewing the computerized tomography scan performed during the study protocol and up to 24 months of observation.

Results
All but one MTC patient experienced previous multikinase inhibitors treatment. Three patients already had effusions before starting selpercatinib treatment. New effusions appeared in eight of ten (80%) patients during the treatment. A chylous nature was documented in patients who underwent fluid aspiration. Whenever a dose reduction was performed, a significant positive effect was observed.

Conclusions
Chylous effusions are a new TEAE of selpercatinib treatment. They can appear or worsen at any time during the treatment. For cases with asymptomatic and mild effusions, active surveillance may be appropriate and safe. In symptomatic and/or moderate/severe cases, aspiration of the fluid and a dose reduction can improve this AE, strongly supporting a cause-effect correlation with selpercatinib.

Significance statement
Effusions, particularly of chylous nature, represent emergent and quite frequent adverse events in the management of patients affected by advanced MTC on treatment with the highly selective inhibitor selpercatinib. In this study, we evaluated, in a series of MTC patients treated with selpercatinib, the prevalence of pleural, pericardial, abdominal, and/or pelvic effusions. Insights into the diagnosis and treatment of the effusions are provided as well as suggestions for clinical management.
Fortalecimiento del vínculo entre la EBDI y los graduados de la carrera de bibliotecología y gestión de la información de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Montero Bustabad Pedro 
Published: October 2022

The objective of this research is to strengthen the link between the Escuela de Bibliotecología, Documentación e Información (EBDI) de la Universidad Nacional of Costa Rica and the graduates of the career using different resources and strategies. This study had a quantitative approach and was descriptive; the data collection was done through a digital questionnaire applied to 189 graduates, of which 105 answered the instrument.
As main results and conclusions of this research, it is possible to highlight the achievement and organization of the updated contact data of the graduates to facilitate the communication and linkage of both parties. Likewise the need for a continuous professional updating plan for these people that considers the topics of interest that were identified and the determination of a series of aspects that this School must take into account for the realization of strategic alliances in order to facilitate new initiatives that strengthen both academic training and the joint realization of projects according to the interests of both the graduates of the Career and the EBDI.
Estructura poblacional de dos especies de Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEINAE) en un paisaje cafetero de los andes occidentales de Colombia, Risaralda
Authors: Villada Bedoya Sebastián , Cultid Medina Carlos A. 
Published: October 2022

Los escarabajos coprófagos son un grupo de insectos ampliamente reconocido como indicador ecológico de perturbación antrópica, por lo cual cuentan con una gran cantidad de información a nivel de los ensamblajes. En contraste, aún son escasos los estudios a nivel poblacional y apenas se ha empezado a entender cómo la fragmentación y transformación de sus hábitats afecta la estructura y dinámica de las poblaciones de Scarabaeinae. En este trabajo se examinaron algunos aspectos sobre la estructura poblacional de dos especies de Scarabaeinae típicas del paisaje cafetero en los Andes occidentales de Colombia (Dichotomius cf. satanas y D. cf. alyattes). Entre agosto de 2010 y febrero de 2011, en dos localidades cafeteras de Risaralda, se instalaron seis transectos de ecotono cada uno compuesto por 15 trampas de caída no letales cebadas con una mezcla de excremento humano y cerdo. Cada mes las trampas estuvieron activas durante 48 horas, con revisión cada 24 horas. En cada revisión los especímenes de ambas especies se marcaron con el método de perforaciones en los élitros. Se marcaron 1723 individuos, de los cuales 73 fueron recapturados (43 de D. cf. alyattes y 30 de D. cf. satanas). El tamaño poblacional estimado fue diferente entre especies y localidades, así como la densidad promedio osciló entre 26,4 y 172,2 ind/km². Ambas especies presentaron una proporción de los sexos similar (∼1:1) y mostraron diferencias en sus preferencias de hábitat: D. cf. satanas tendió a mantenerse en el interior del bosque; mientras que D. cf. alyattes usa de forma extensiva el ecotono bosque – café de sol.
Una nueva especie de Altopedaliodes Forster, 1964 (LEPIDOPTERA: NYMPHALIDAE: SATYRINAE) de la cuenca alta del río Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Henao Bañol Efraín Reinel , Páez Andrés , Rodríguez M. José Vicente 
Published: October 2022

Provisionalmente se propone una nueva especie para el género Altopedaliodes Forster, 1964, con base en ejemplares colectados en el proyecto "Diversidad de mariposas de la cuenca alta del río Bogotá". La especie propuesta es simpátrica con Altopedaliodes cocytia cocytia (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) y Altopedaliodes nebris (Thieme, 1905), siendo propia de la región subpáramo y páramo en la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia.
Integración de enemigos naturales para el control de Diatraea busckella Dyar & Heinrich (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) en caña panelera
Authors: Rivera Escobar Víctor Héctor Manuel , Soto Giraldo Alberto 
Published: October 2022

Diatraea busckella es considerada la plaga más limitante del cultivo de caña panelera en el municipio de Supia (Colombia), causando grandes pérdidas en la producción. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de los parasitoides Trichogramma exiguum, lydella minense, Billaea claripalpis, Cotesia flavipes, del hongo B. bassiana y la bacteria B. thuringiensis var. Kurstaki para el control de esta plaga. En las parcelas donde se realizó la liberación y aplicación de los enemigos naturales se encontró una intensidad de infestación de la plaga de 0,57 %, mientras que en la parcela testigo fue de 4,17 %. Los biocontroladores utilizados se presentan como alternativa para el control de la plaga.
Sphaeropthalma pinedai sp. nov.: primer registro de un mutílido braquíptero para américa del sur (HYMENOPTERA: MUTILLIDAE)
Authors: Cambra Roberto A. , Quintero A. Diomedes 
Published: October 2022

Sphaeropthalma pinedai sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), especie endémica de Chile, se describe e ilustra de ambos sexos. S. pinedai representa el primer registro para América del Sur de una especie de Mutillidae con machos braquípteros. Se presenta un listado de especies de Mutillidae en América con machos braquípteros o ápteros.
Diversidad de escorpiones (CHELICERATA) en el departamento del Atlántico, Colombia
Authors: Sará C. Eider , Flórez D. Eduardo , Martínez H. Neis 
Published: October 2022

Se determinó la variación de la diversidad de escorpiones en siete fragmentos de Bosque Seco Tropical (BST) en el departamento del Atlántico. Los métodos de captura utilizados fueron cernido de hojarasca, agitación de follaje y captura manual nocturna con luz UV. En cada transecto se realizó un esfuerzo de dos noches y tres días. Se recolectaron 516 ejemplares representados en siete especies, seis géneros y tres familias (Buthidae, Chactidae y Hormuridae). Buthidae fue la más diversa y abundante con cuatro géneros, cinco especies y 486 individuos, destacándose la especie Tityus (Archaeotityus) tayrona cuya presencia fue constante en todos los fragmentos. El fragmento de bosque de la Reserva Campesina La Sierra (R.C.S) presentó la mayor diversidad con seis especies, seis géneros y tres familias, lo cual se debe posiblemente a la oferta de recursos y microhábitats. Con los resultados se logra ampliar el área de distribución de las especies T. (Atreus) aff. asthenes y Chactas brevicaudatus, además se encontró que en el departamento está representado el 60% de las familias y el 42,8% de los géneros registrados para Colombia, lo que indica que los relictos de BST en este departamento mantienen una fauna importante de los escorpiones registrados para Colombia.
Variación temporal y vertical de los escarabajos coprófagos (SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE) en dos fragmentos de bosque seco tropical en el departamento del Atlántico-Colombia
Authors: Rangel Acosta Jorge Luis , Solano Torres Jorge Andrés , Martínez Hernández Neis José 
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Analizar la variación vertical y temporal de la composición y estructura de la comunidad de escarabajos coprófagos en dos fragmentos de BST (Corales de San Luis y Reserva Campesina la Montaña) en el departamento del Atlántico. Alcance: Detectar las variaciones espaciales y temporales de las especies de escarabajos coprófagos y cuales son capaces de acceder a estratos superiores en el bosque. Metodología: Por fragmento, se realizaron cuatro muestreos, dos en la época seca y dos durante las lluvias. En cada localidad se seleccionaron cinco estaciones de muestreos distanciadas 150 m y en cada una se marcaron tres puntos distanciados 50 m. Por punto, se colocaron tres trampas de caída, una a ras de suelo (estrato bajo), otra entre 3 a 5 m de altura (estrato medio) y la última a una altura ≥ a 12 m (estrato alto). Principales resultados: Los mayores valores de riqueza fueron registrados durante las lluvias (16 especies) y los menores en la época seca (5-9 especies). Solo durante las lluvias en la Reserva Campesina la Montaña fueron capturadas cuatro especies de Scarabaeinae en los estratos medio y alto (Canthon aff. Morsei Trichillidium pilosum, U. boneti y U. deavilai) con abundancias inferiores a cuatro individuos por taxón. Conclusiones: Con este trabajo se demuestra que pocas especies de Scarabaeinae son capaces de acceder al dosel en búsqueda de recursos; lo que limita a estos a forrajear a nivel del suelo donde pueden encontrar mayor cantidad y variedad de recursos.
Ecological aspects of edaphic grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) in tropical forested and intervened ecosystems of the Northeast Colombian Andes
Authors: Villalobos Moreno Alfonso , Pardo Locarno Luis Carlos , Cabrero Sañudo Francisco José 
Published: October 2022

Objective. To establish the variation of the diversity, density and biomass of white grubs of the Melolonthidae family in soils affected by mining and in the soil of an oak forest in the upper basin of the Surata river (Santander, Colombia). Scope. To analyse the diversity, density and biomass of the immature stages of beetles (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) on two soil uses: recovered gold exploration platforms and an oak forest. Methodology. Monthly quadrantsof 1 m2 by 30 cm deep were made throughout 12 months of sampling. The area of study is located in the northeast Colombian Andes, between 2,300 and 2,950 meters above sea level. Correlations were established between the measured parameters (abundance, richness of species, biomass, density and numbers of Hill) and biophysical factors of the study area. Main results. The highest values were observed in the oak forest: 12 species, 6.16 gr/m2 and density 4.08 ind/m2. However, only the biomass values were statistically significant (Z= 2.903; p= 0.004). Significant correlations were observed between abundance, density and biomass with the lowest humidity in the platforms but not in the oak forest. The maximum values of abundance, density and biomass coincided with the rainy season, and the highest values of diversity occur at the end of the dry seasons. Conclusions. The data obtained in thishigh mountain ecosystem show interesting variations in abundance and richness, which can be explained by the presence of a wide and extensive matrix of oak forest that allows the permanence of species of white grubs and relatively well-preserved natural populations.