bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between body mass index and oesophageal cancer mortality: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies with &gt;800 000 individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Jang Jieun , Abe Sarah Krull , Rahman Shafiur , Saito Eiko , Islam Rashedul , Gupta Prakash C , Sawada Norie , Tamakoshi Akiko , Shu Xiao-Ou , Koh Woon-Puay , Sadakane Atsuko , Tsuji Ichiro , Kim Jeongseon , Oze Isao , Nagata Chisato , You San-Lin , Shin Myung-Hee , Pednekar Mangesh S , Tsugane Shoichiro , Cai Hui , Yuan Jian-Min , Wen Wanqing , Ozasa Kotaro , Matsuyama Sanae , Kanemura Seiki , Shin Aesun , Ito Hidemi , Wada Keiko , Sugawara Yumi , Chen Chien-Jen , Ahn Yoon-Ok , Chen Yu , Ahsan Habibul , Boffetta Paolo , Chia Kee Seng , Matsuo Keitaro , Qiao You-Lin , Rothman Nathaniel , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee , Park Sue K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The association between body mass index (BMI) and oesophageal cancer (OC) has been consistently negative among Asians, whereas different associations based on histological OC subtypes have been observed in Europeans and North Americans. We examined the association between BMI and OC mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Methods
We performed a pooled analysis to evaluate the association between BMI and OC mortality among 842 630 Asians from 18 cohort studies. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

Results
A wide J-shaped association between BMI and overall OC mortality was observed. The OC mortality risk was increased for underweight (BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2: HR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.80–2.70) and extreme obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2: HR = 4.38, 95% CI 2.25–8.52) relative to the reference BMI (23–25 kg/m2). This association pattern was confirmed by several alternative analyses based on OC incidence and meta-analysis. A similar wide J-shaped association was observed in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Smoking and alcohol synergistically increased the OC mortality risk in underweight participants (HR = 6.96, 95% CI 4.54–10.67) relative to that in reference BMI participants not exposed to smoking and alcohol.

Conclusion
Extreme obesity and being underweight were associated with an OC mortality risk among Asians. OC mortality and BMI formed a wide J-shaped association mirrored by OSCC mortality. Although the effect of BMI on OSCC and oesophageal adenocarcinoma mortality can be different in Asians, further research based on a large case–control study is recommended.
Association between smoking, e-cigarette use and severe COVID-19: a cohort study
Authors: Gao Min , Aveyard Paul , Lindson Nicola , Hartmann-Boyce Jamie , Watkinson Peter , Young Duncan , Coupland Carol , Clift Ashley K , Harrison David , Gould Doug , Pavord Ian D , Smith Margaret , Hippisley-Cox Julia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is a risk factor for most respiratory infections, but it may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective was to assess whether smoking and e-cigarette use were associated with severe COVID-19.MethodsThis cohort ran from 24 January 2020 until 30 April 2020 at the height of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England. It comprised 7 869 534 people representative of the population of England with smoking status, demographic factors and diseases recorded by general practitioners in the medical records, which were linked to hospital and death data. The outcomes were COVID-19-associated hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. The associations between smoking and the outcomes were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models, with sequential adjustment for confounding variables and indirect causal factors (body mass index and smoking-related disease).ResultsCompared with never smokers, people currently smoking were at lower risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.64 (95% confidence intervals 0.60 to 0.69) for &lt;10 cigarettes/day, 0.49 (0.41 to 0.59) for 10–19 cigarettes/day, and 0.61 (0.49 to 0.74) for ≥20 cigarettes/day. For ICU admission, the corresponding HRs were 0.31 (0.24 to 0.40), 0.15 (0.06 to 0.36), and 0.35 (0.17 to 0.74) and death were: 0.79 (0.70 to 0.89), 0.66 (0.48 to 0.90), and 0.77 (0.54 to 1.09) respectively. Former smokers were at higher risk of severe COVID-19: HRs: 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11) for hospitalization, 1.17 (1.04 to 1.31) for ICU admission, and 1.17 (1.10 to 1.24) for death. All-cause mortality was higher for current smoking than never smoking, HR 1.42 (1.36 to 1.48). Among e-cigarette users, the adjusted HR for e-cigarette use and hospitalization with COVID-19 was 1.06 (0.88 to 1.28), for ICU admission was 1.04 (0.57 to 1.89, and for death was 1.12 (0.81 to 1.55).ConclusionsCurrent smoking was associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 but the association with e-cigarette use was unclear. All-cause mortality remained higher despite this possible reduction in death from COVID-19 during an epidemic of SARS-CoV-2. Findings support investigating possible protective mechanisms of smoking for SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the ongoing trials of nicotine to treat COVID-19.
Associations Between Multiple Measures of HIV-1 Persistence in Persons on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Bosch Ronald J , Gandhi Rajesh T , Mar Hanna , Eron Joseph J , Cyktor Joshua C , McMahon Deborah K , Mellors John W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Clinical research to achieve antiretroviral therapy-free remission requires quantitative assays of the HIV-1 reservoir. Intact proviral DNA (IPD) measurement has greater throughput than the quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA). In 25 individuals with well-documented long-term viral suppression, IPD levels and infectious units per million CD4+ T cells by QVOA strongly correlated (r = 0.59, P = .002), and IPD correlated with total cell-associated HIV-1 DNA and cell-associated HIV-1 RNA (r = 0.62 and r = 0.59, P ≤ .002). IPD may provide an accessible marker of inducible replication-competent virus, total numbers of infected cells, and cellular expression of HIV-1 RNA.
A survey of computational methods for iconic image analysis
Authors: van Noord Nanne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Digitization and digitalization efforts have led to an explosive growth of the number of images that are published, shared, and made available in collections. In turn, this has resulted in increased awareness of, and interest in, computational methods for automatic image analysis. Despite the tremendous progress made in the development of computational methods, there remains a gap between how a person interprets an image and what can be automatically extracted. By considering iconic images as those images for which this gap is most salient, as their meaning goes well beyond what is represented in the visual data, this article gives an overview of the potential and limitations of computational methods for iconic image analysis. I structure this overview by discussing methods that can be used to analyse the production, distribution, and reception of iconic images. Although the majority of computational methods focus on analysing production aspects, there are promising methods for image distribution aspects, whereas methods for studying image reception have received little attention. By considering the limitations of available methods I argue that computational methods can be of use for studying iconic images, but that comprehensive analysis will require methods that incorporate the plurality of meanings an image can have, and temporal nature thereof.
X-ray response to disc evolution in two γ Cas stars
Authors: Nazé Yaël , Rauw Gregor , Bohlsen Terrence , Heathcote Bernard , Mc Gee Padric , Cacella Paulo , Motch Christian 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The Hα emission of a set of southern γ Cas stars was monitored since 2019, with the aim of detecting transition events and examining how their peculiar X-ray emission would react in such cases. Two stars, namely HD 119682 and V767 Cen, were found to display slowly decreasing disc emissions. These decreases were not perfectly monotonic and several temporary and limited rebuilding events were observed. For HD 119682, the emission component in Hα disappeared in 2020 mid-July. In X-rays, the X-ray flux was twice smaller than that recorded two decades ago but of a similar level as observed a decade ago. The X-ray flux decreased over the campaign by 30 per cent, but the hardness remained similar in data sets of all epochs. In particular, the γ Cas character remained as clear as before even when there was no trace of disc emission in the Hα line. For V767 Cen, the full disappearance of disc emission in Hα never occurred. We followed closely a disc rebuilding event, but no significant change in flux or hardness was detected. These behaviours are compared to those of other γ Cas stars and their consequences on the X-ray generation are discussed.
Implications for galaxy formation models from observations of globular clusters around ultradiffuse galaxies
Authors: Saifollahi Teymoor , Zaritsky Dennis , Trujillo Ignacio , Peletier Reynier F , Knapen Johan H , Amorisco Nicola , Beasley Michael A , Donnerstein Richard 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of Hubble Space Telescope observations of globular clusters (GCs) in six ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Coma cluster, a sample that represents UDGs with large effective radii (Re), and use the results to evaluate competing formation models. We eliminate two significant sources of systematic uncertainty in the determination of the number of GCs, NGC by using sufficiently deep observations that (i) reach the turnover of the globular cluster luminosity function (GCLF) and (ii) provide a sufficient number of GCs with which to measure the GC number radial distribution. We find that NGC for these galaxies is on average ∼ 20, which implies an average total mass, Mtotal, ∼ 1011 M⊙ when applying the relation between NGC and Mtotal. This value of NGC lies at the upper end of the range observed for dwarf galaxies of the same stellar mass and is roughly a factor of two larger than the mean. The GCLF, radial profile, and average colour are more consistent with those observed for dwarf galaxies than with those observed for the more massive (L*) galaxies, while both the radial and azimuthal GC distributions closely follow those of the stars in the host galaxy. Finally, we discuss why our observations, specifically the GC number and GC distribution around these six UDGs, pose challenges for several of the currently favoured UDG formation models.
Crustal Contamination and Hybridization of an Embryonic Oceanic Crust during the Red Sea Rifting (Tihama Asir Igneous Complex, Saudi Arabia)
Authors: Basch V , Sanfilippo A , Vigliotti L , Langone A , Rasul N , Khorsheed M , Al Nomani S , Al Qutub A , Ligi M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Red Sea rift system represents a key case study of the transition from a continental to an oceanic rift. The Red Sea rifting initiated in Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (24–23 Ma) and was accompanied by extensive magmatism throughout the rifted basin, from Afar and Yemen to northern Egypt. Here, we present a petrological and geochemical study of two gabbro bodies and associated basalts from the Tihama Asir igneous complex, which formed at 24–20 Ma within the rifted Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS). The Tihama Asir is therefore an ideal location to study the initial phase of syn-rift magmatism and its influence on the geodynamic evolution of the Red Sea rift system. The most primitive olivine gabbros present modal, bulk and mineral compositions consistent with formation from Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB)-type parental melts, whereas the evolved olivine-free gabbros and oxide-bearing gabbros show saturation of phlogopite and a crystal line of descent diverging from fractional crystallization trends. In detail, whole-rock and mineral compositions in the most evolved lithologies show high Light over Middle Rare Earth Elements (LREE/MREE) ratios (LaN/SmN = 0.89–1.31) and selective enrichments in Sr, K and highly incompatible elements (Rb, Ba, U, Th). We relate these geochemical characteristics to a process of progressive assimilation of host continental crust during the emplacement of the gabbroic plutons. Interestingly, high LREE/MREE ratios (LaN/SmN = 1.45–4.58) and high Rb, Ba, Th and U contents also characterize the basaltic dike swarms associated to the gabbros. Incompatible trace element compositions of these basalts approach those of the melts that formed the most hybridized gabbros. Therefore, we propose that the dike swarms represent melts partially contaminated by assimilation of continental crust material, extracted from the underlying gabbroic crystal mush. Our results suggest that early syn-rift magmatism led to the partial replacement of the thinned continental crust by MORB-type gabbroic bodies, in turn suggesting that oceanic magmatism started prior to continental break-up. Extensive syn-rift magmatism is consistent with the interpretation of the southern Red Sea rift system as a volcanic rifted margin. One possible implication of this study is that extensive but diffuse syn-rift magmatism possibly hampered continental break-up, leading to a protracted rifting stage.
Brassinosteroids regulate rice seed germination through the BZR1-RAmy3D transcriptional module
Authors: Xiong Min , Yu Jiawen , Wang Jindong , Gao Qiang , Huang Lichun , Chen Chen , Zhang Changquan , Fan Xiaolei , Zhao Dongsheng , Liu Qiao-Quan , Li Qian-Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination, two physiological processes unique to seed-bearing plants, are critical for plant growth and crop production. The phytohormone brassinosteroid (BR) regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, including seed germination. The molecular mechanisms underlying BR control of rice (Oryza sativa) seed germination are mostly unknown. We investigated the molecular regulatory cascade of BR in promoting rice seed germination and post-germination growth. Physiological assays indicated that blocking BR signaling, including introducing defects into the BR-insensitive 1 (BRI1) receptor or overexpressing the glycogen synthase kinase 2 (GSK2) kinase delayed seed germination and suppressed embryo growth. Our results also indicated that brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) is the key downstream transcription factor that mediates BR regulation of seed germination by binding to the alpha-Amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter, which affects α-amylase expression and activity and the degradation of starch in the endosperm. The BZR1-RAmy3D module functions independently from the established Gibberellin MYB-alpha-amylase 1A (RAmy1A) module of the gibberellin (GA) pathway. We demonstrate that the BZR1-RAmy3D module also functions in embryo-related tissues. Moreover, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified more potential BZR1-responsive genes, including those involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. Our study successfully identified the role of the BZR1-RAmy3D transcriptional module in regulating rice seed germination.
Effects of transplantation-related immunosuppression on co-existent neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Shah H A , Faulkes R , Coldham C , Shetty S , Shah T 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Background
Here we detail our experience of managing patients found to have a neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) whilst on immunosuppression for a transplanted organ.

Aim
We aimed to quantify the behaviour of NENs under solid-organ transplant-related immunosuppression.

Design
This was an observational, retrospective case series.

Methods
Ten patients were identified from a prospectively kept database. Three were excluded.

Results
Four patients received a liver, two a kidney, and one a heart transplant. All but one received calcineurin-based immunosuppression. NENs were found in five patients post-transplant: one had surgery for transverse colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma NEC (pT4N1M0, Ki67 60%), was cancer-free after four years; one had cold biopsy of duodenal NEN (pT1N0M0, Ki67 2%), cancer-free at four months; one 7 mm pancreatic NEN (pT1N0M0), untreated and stable for seven years; one small-bowel NEN with mesenteric metastasis (pTxNxM1), alive four years after diagnosis; and one untreated small-bowel NEN with mesenteric metastasis, stable at 1 year after liver transplantation. Two NENs were discovered pre-transplant, one pancreatic NEN (pT1N0M0, Ki67 5%), remains untreated and stable at three years. One gastric NEN (type 3, pT1bN0M0, Ki67 2%) remains stable without treatment for two years.

Conclusions
NENs demonstrate indolent behaviour in the presence of transplant-related immunosuppression.
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) among undergraduate and graduate students in the medical field
Authors: Ikeyama Moeka , Imamura Kotaro , Kawakami Norito 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveMental health literacy (MHL) is a fundamental basis of reducing stigma towards mental disorders and promoting early help-seeking. However, there is no internationally standardized scale covering all the attributes of MHL available in Japan. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) developed by O’Connor et al. (2015).MethodsThe MHLS was translated in accordance with international guidelines. Japanese students in the medical field were invited to complete an online questionnaire twice at baseline and two-week follow-up. Using the data, Cronbach’s alphas, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and measurement errors were calculated for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Correlations with mental health-related behavior (RIBS), accurate knowledge about mental disorders (MIDUS), intentions to seek help (GHSQ), and psychological distress (K6) were used to examine the convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed to test structural validity.ResultsA total of 183 and 150 students responded at baseline and follow-up. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.76 and the ICC was 0.77 for the total score. The MHLS had a strong positive correlation with RIBS and moderate positive correlations with MIDUS and GHSQ. The CFA did not show a good fit either for one-or six-factor models, and the EFA yielded a four-factor structure.ConclusionsThe Japanese version of the MHLS demonstrated adequate reliability and validity, while the factor structure did not fit previously proposed models. This scale may be useful for assessing the degree of MHL among medical field students in Japan.
A transnational comparative study of preservice teachers’ critical thinking skills and metaliteracy self-efficacy
Authors: Michelot Florent , Béland Sébastien , Poellhuber Bruno 
Published: February 2022

PurposeWhile training students to new literacy and critical thinking has been recognized for several decades, it seems even more crucial today as education is presented as a lever to fight against fake news. Preservice teachers, both so-called digital natives at the cutting edge of the social web and tomorrow’s educators, represent a useful object of study. The purpose of this paper is to describe preservice teachers’ critical thinking skills scores notably regarding environmental factors (training type, country of study and employment) and personal determinants (metaliteracy self-efficacy and belief in the likelihood to become a teacher) in three French-speaking nations (Wallonia, France and Quebec).Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative methodology, this article is part of sequential mixed design research aiming to describe the level of preservice teachers’ (n = 245) critical thinking in three French-speaking nations: Wallonia, France and Quebec. This study aimed to see to what extent critical thinking skills (measured with a translated version of the Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment; Halpern, 2016) can notably be influenced by metaliteracy self-efficacy (MASE). Metaliteracy is a concept that aims to join information, digital and media literacy providing a comprehensive framework “for engaging with individuals and ideas in digital environments” (Mackey and Jacobson, 2011, p. 70).FindingsThis study establishes the influence of individual determinants such as the feelings of self-efficacy in metaliteracy as well as the belief in the likelihood of becoming a teacher. This study proposes a model predicting the critical thinking skills based on self-efficacy in critical thinking and metaliteracy, the type of training and the interaction between employment and the country of study.Originality/valueConsidering contemporary information issues and infodemic phenomena, critical thinking skills should be developed among preservice teachers. There is a significant positive correlation between MASE and critical thinking skills. Pre-service teachers’ country of study, as well as their training trajectory, seems to influence their critical thinking skills. Involvement in professional life also appears to promote critical thinking skills.
A qualitative analysis and a conceptual model for organizational stupidity
Authors: Karimi-Ghartemani Samaneh , Khani Naser , Nasr Isfahani Ali 
Published: February 2022

PurposeIn this study, the concept of organizational stupidity (OS) and different aspects of the OS is analyzed, and a conceptual model for the OS is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe data for the OS study were collected by interviewing the employees of the Iran Revenue Agency (IRA), Isfahan Province Branch. The snowball method was used for sampling and data collection. The data collected from interviews are analyzed using MAXQDA (a software for qualitative data analysis).FindingsAfter analyzing the data, a conceptual model for the OS is proposed using the grounded theory (GT). The proposed model contains all factors influencing the OS and the relationship among them. The accuracy of the proposed OS model is confirmed using structural validity, external validity, descriptive validity and interpretive validity. The reliability of the proposed OS model is approved using the Holstie, Miles and Huberman reliability equation. The proposed model shows the casual conditions, interfering factors, contextual factors and main phenomena leading to OS and predicts the strategies and consequences of the OS.Originality/valueThis model can be used to plan strategies for managing and reducing OS in organizations.