bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Evaluation and Treatment of Prolactinomas: A Concise Review
Authors: Mahzari Moeber M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProlactinoma is the most common pituitary tumor. It arises from the lactotroph cells and leads to a hyperprolactinemia state. The clinical presentation of prolactinomas is either due to the high prolactin state or the adenoma mass effect. Diagnosis of prolactinomas starts with the confirmation of persistent pathologic hyperprolactinemia. Subsequently, pituitary MRI is required to characterize the prolactinoma size and extension within the sella turcica. Further investigation may include visual field assessment and laboratory investigations for hypopituitarism. Prolactinoma management is mainly medical with dopamine agonists as most of these tumors are responsive. Surgical intervention is rarely required with specific indications.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia in Severe Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Saritas Nakip Ozlem , Kesici Selman , Bozkurt Betul Seda , Ozsurekci Yasemin , Demirbilek Huseyin , Bayrakci Benan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) patients might be at risk for hyperglycemia and associated complications. Herein, we aimed to determine the incidence of hyperglycemia, understanding the underlying risk factors in MIS-C patients.
Methods All MIS-C patients were retrospectively evaluated and compared according to the presence of hyperglycemia and the need of insulin. Inflammatory markers and body mass index Z-scores were also compared.
Results The median age of the patients with hyperglycemia was higher than those without (p = 0.001). Disease severity scores of patients with hyperglycemia were higher. Procalcitonin levels of patients with hyperglycemia were higher, while ferritin, CRP, and interleukin-6 levels were not. BMIs of patients with hyperglycemia were higher (p = 0.01) but BMI Z-scores were similar (p = 0.055). There was a positive correlation between BMIs and CRP (r: 0.31, p = 0.015). There was a positive correlation between procalcitonin (r: 0.431, p = 0.001) and CRP (r: 0.279, p = 0.029) and maximum PG.
Conclusion Hyperglycemia is a common feature of MIS-C patients and is associated with the severity of the inflammation. As a novel finding, high CRP and procalcitonin should be considered as predictive markers for impaired glucose homeostasis in MIS-C patients.
Joubert Syndrome and Renal Implication
Authors: Conti Giovanni , Farello Giovanni , Ceravolo Maria Domenica , Fusco Monica , Cuppari Caterina , Mancuso Alessio , Ceravolo Ida , David Emanuele , Iapadre Giulia , Scorrano Giovanna , Fiorile Maria Francesca , Chimenz Roberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwenty-five to 30% of patients with Joubert syndrome (JS) have renal involvement. Two forms of renal disease (RD) have traditionally been described. The less common form is the Dekaban–Arima syndrome, a JS RD that includes congenital blindness and occasional encephalocele. The other, more common RD is juvenile nephronophthisis (NPHP), that presents a progressive interstitial fibrosis, associated with small cysts at the corticomedullary junction. NPHP is the most frequent genetic cause for end-stage RD in the first three decades of life. Symptoms start at approximately 6 years of age with urine concentrating defects, polydipsia, polyuria, and secondary enuresis.
The Gaussian nature of the band-edge of ZnO microcrystalline thin films
Authors: Canul Amrah , Lukman Isiaka , Bergman Leah 
Published: December 2022

A straightforward analytical approach based on the derivative of the absorption coefficient is presented, which enables probing the nature of the band edge (BE) of ZnO microcrystalline films. The study was conducted via transmission experiments at temperatures of 77–532 K and repeated for samples annealed up to 1073 K. It was found that the derivative of the natural log of the BE absorption coefficient resulted in a Gaussian function. The Gaussian linewidth is used in the electron–phonon (e–p) interaction model to characterize the defect-state of the films. The BE of the as-grown film was found to exhibit no thermal dependence and no e–p coupling, indicative of a disordered crystal. Upon annealing and improvement of the film quality, the thermal phonons became more activated, but only above room temperature with a phonon energy of ∼75 meV, while up to room temperature, the impact of phonons on the BE is insignificant. A disorder–order transition was determined to take place at an annealing temperature of ∼673 K. X-ray diffraction concurs with these results. The study indicates that the prevalent defects are of structural nature due to the inherent granular morphology of the films. This defect was found to dominate the behavior of the BE even at the elevated temperature regime rather than thermal phonons.
Near-infrared metalens for high-resolution and deep focus optical coherence tomography
Authors: Haerinia Mohammad , Zheng Bowen , Hutchins Aaron , Tang Hong , Li Hang , Dong Yunxi , Guo Wei , Zhang Hualiang 
Published: December 2022

High-resolution endoscopic optical imaging is a crucial technique in biological imaging to examine the inside organs. There is a trade-off between lateral resolution and depth of focus in such applications. Traditional Optical Coherence Tomography provides an increased depth range but falls short of desired resolution. The combination of both higher resolution and larger imaging depth of focus of metalens can improve the clinical utility of endoscopic optical imaging. In this work, we designed, analyzed, and fabricated a 500 µm diameter metalens operating at 1300 nm to achieve high resolution and large imaging depth of focus, therefore, addressing this need. The full width at half maximum and depth of focus for the proposed metalens are 3.10 and 286 µm, respectively.
Exact reaction coordinates for flap opening in HIV-1 protease
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Li Huiyu , Ma Ao 
Published: December 2022

The primary goal of protein science is to understand how proteins function, which requires understanding the functional dynamics responsible for transitions between different functional structures of a protein. A central concept is the exact reaction coordinates that can determine the value of committor for any protein configuration, which provide the optimal description of functional dynamics. Despite intensive efforts, identifying the exact reaction coordinates (RCs) in complex molecules remains a formidable challenge. Using the recently developed generalized work functional, we report the discovery of the exact RCs for an important functional process—the flap opening of HIV-1 protease. Our results show that this process has six RCs, each one is a linear combination of ~240 backbone dihedrals, providing the precise definition of collectivity and cooperativity in the functional dynamics of a protein. Applying bias potentials along each RC can accelerate flap opening by

10

3

to

10

4

folds. The success in identifying the RCs of a protein with 198 residues represents a significant progress beyond that of the alanine dipeptide, currently the only other complex molecule for which the exact RCs for its conformational changes are known. Our results suggest that the generalized work functional (GWF) might be the fundamental operator of mechanics that controls protein dynamics.
“This is China’s Wailing Wall”
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E. , Hu Tony 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDr. Li Wenliang, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, was accused of spreading rumors when he sent a WeChat message containing the diagnostic report of a suspicious pneumonia case to a group of friends. When he later died from COVID-19, his Weibo page quickly become known as “China’s Wailing Wall,” where hundreds of thousands of netizen shared replies to his final post in a mega-thread that continues into the present. Drawing upon a selection of posts from an archive of messages posted to Li’s Weibo in the year following his death, this article examines how participants used chronotopes (Bhaktin 1981) to situate Li vis-à-vis various culturally salient “figures of personhood” (Agha 2005;Park 2021), including “moral hero,” “kin figure,” and/or “deity.” Our analysis further suggests how such positioning, as a response to grief and uncertainty, “moved” authors into a position of distance from hegemonic national chronotopes situating people in a symbiotic relationship of mutual care with the Chinese state. Our analysis thus offers insight into the ways in which collective crises have the capacity to (but do not necessarily) motivate a complex discursive and relational process through which interlocutors enactscalar intimacy(Pritzker and Perrino 2020) as they grapple with shifts in their felt experience of nationhood and/or “culture.”
L1 use and patterns of interaction of young EFL learners in a collaborative writing task
Authors: Azkarai Agurtzane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research on L1 use among young EFL learners is scarce and has been mainly conducted with oral tasks, while
collaborative writing (CW) tasks have been underexplored. CW provides learners with many opportunities for L2 development,
especially when they work in collaborative patterns of interaction. In research with young EFL learners, the relationship between
L1 use, CW and patterns of interaction has not been studied yet, and it is important to assess the extent to which the patterns of
interaction formed in CW tasks play a role in L1 use by these learners, because these three factors have been claimed to impact L2
development. Thus, this study examines whether the patterns of interaction formed played a role in the L1 use and functions of 56
young EFL learners while they worked on a CW task at two different times. The findings indicated that these EFL learners showed
mainly parallel/passive or collaborative patterns of interaction at both testing times, that the L1 was used mainly for
metacognitive issues, although differences existed from pattern to pattern, and that a collaborative pattern of interaction
resulted in more L1 use. The results are discussed following the pedagogical implications of these findings for the EFL
classroom.
4D printed chiral metamaterials with negative swelling behavior
Authors: Ma Lian-hua , Wei Tianyong , Rao Wei , Zhang Kun , Gao Hong , Chen Xuejin , Zhang Xin-chun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soft adaptable materials and structures that change their shapes, volumes and properties in response to surrounding environment are important and ideal for scientific and engineering applications. Existing soft gels exhibit a dramatic volumetric swelling deformation when immersed in solution. Developing an innovative material system that can undergo large and actively negative swelling deformation driven by solution is an interesting challenge. In this work, a water-driven mechanical metamaterial with negative swelling is designed and fabricated based on the coupled responses of the swelling of hydrogels and deformation characteristics of chiral metamaterials. The constructed metamaterial utilizes deformation characteristics of 4D printed composite structure to convert the swelling deformation of the hydrogel into a bending deformation of flexible ligaments, resulting in a volume reduction of the entire metamaterial. Activated by surrounding solution, the metamaterial can achieve large and adjustable effective negative swelling behaviors with the desired isotropic characteristics. Based on experimental data and finite element simulation results, the customized metamaterials can be implemented to produce the desired negative swelling deformation by adjusting the lattice geometry and microstructural parameters. These design concepts exploit the capabilities of existing soft materials and have great potential in a variety of applications.
D
∗ jet fragmentation function paradox and combination mechanism
Authors: Jiang Chuanhui , Li Honglei , Li Shi-Yuan , Liu Shufen , Yin Xinyue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the framework of the perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics factorization, the production of a hadron includes contributions from fragmentation as well as combination, with the latter being of higher twist. In particular, the heavy meson production can be via the combination of a heavy quark with a light one, and the cross section can be factorized to be the convolution of the combination matrix element, the light quark distribution function, and the hard partonic sub-cross section of the heavy quark production. The partonic distribution and the combination matrix element are functions of a scaling variable, respectively, which is the momentum fraction of the corresponding quark with respect to the heavy meson. We studied the D
*± production in jet via combination in pp collision at the LHC. The total result is comparable with the experimental data. The combination matrix elements can be further studied in various hadron production processes.
Some special exact solutions in nonlocal Alice-Bob sine-Gordon systems
∗
Authors: Zhang Zong-Ao , Lou Sen-Yue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three nonlocal Alice-Bob sine-Gordon (ABSG) systems with the parity and time reversal nonlocality and/or space-time exchange nonlocality are investigated. For the common local SG equation, two types of N-soliton solutions and three types of periodic solutions are presented. The multiple solutions, breather solution, double kink solution, and periodic solutions of the ABSG systems are obtained from the symmetry reductions of a coupled local sine-Gordon system.
MINFLUX imaging of a bacterial molecular machine at nanometer resolution
Authors: Carsten Alexander , Rudolph Maren , Weihs Tobias , Schmidt Roman , Jansen Isabelle , Wurm Christian A , Diepold Andreas , Failla Antonio Virgilio , Wolters Manuel , Aepfelbacher Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The resolution achievable with the established super-resolution fluorescence nanoscopy methods, such as STORM or STED, is in general not sufficient to resolve protein complexes or even individual proteins. Recently, minimal photon flux (MINFLUX) nanoscopy has been introduced that combines the strengths of STED and STORM nanoscopy and can achieve a localization precision of less than 5 nm. We established a generally applicable workflow for MINFLUX imaging and applied it for the first time to a bacterial molecular machine in situ, i.e., the injectisome of the enteropathogen Y. enterocolitica. We demonstrate with a pore protein of the injectisome that MINFLUX can achieve a resolution down to the single molecule level in situ. By imaging a sorting platform protein using 3D-MINFLUX, insights into the precise localization and distribution of an injectisome component in a bacterial cell could be accomplished. MINFLUX nanoscopy has the potential to revolutionize super-resolution imaging of dynamic molecular processes in bacteria and eukaryotes.
Effect of yttrium content on microstructure and tensile properties of as-cast and as-solutionized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys
Authors: Li Mojia , Zhang Yingbo , Hu Yunfeng , Li Jiaheng , Zeng Qi , Zhang Pu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Four kinds of 7xxx series aluminum alloys with different Y elementcontents were obtained by ordinary gravity casting. The effect of Y content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and as-solutionized Al-7.9Zn-3Mg-2.4Cu-0.13Zr (wt%) alloys were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and room-temperature tensile tests. The results shows that, in as-cast condition, Y element can refine the grain and reduce the content of Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)2 lamellar phases at the interdendritic. (Al, Zn)8Cu4Y block-shaped phases form in interdendritic regions. After solution treatment, the undissolved Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)2 phases evolved from lamellar to bulk-like which distribution in interdendritic, but no obvious change in (Al, Zn)8Cu4Y phase. The tensile testing results shows that the optimal yttrium content is 0.45 wt%. At 0.45 wt% Y, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation are 267 MPa and 2.4% in as-cast condition and 420 MPa and 3.6% in as-solutionized condition.
Enhanced performance of ultrathin n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells via light trapping: a simulation study employing Lambertian back reflector
Authors: Tumuluri Anil , Ansari Samiulla , Sasihithlu Karthik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of a Lambertian back reflector for trapping light in a MAPbI3 perovskite solar cellhas been investigated. The propagation of collimated and diffuse light in the cell has been modelled using the transfer-matrix method and the radiative transfer equation respectively. We show that in the presence of such a reflector, the population of tail states at wavelengths beyond the band-edge of a conventional cell can be substantially increased. As a result of this enhanced light absorption, the power conversion efficiency of a 600 nm thick active layer in a conventional n-i-p (p-i-n) cell is shown to be attainable with a reduced thickness of 300 nm (200 nm) in the presence of light trapping. The effect of photon recycling to increase the open circuit voltage in these structures has also been studied for different thicknesses of the active layer. An increased open circuit voltage in the range 125–145 mV is observed for a Lambertian back reflector as compared to 155–170 mV increase seen in a conventional cell with metallic back reflector.
AC conductivity, dielectric and thermal properties of three-phase hybrid composite: PVA/Bi2O3/cotton microfiber composite
Authors: Alnaim Nisrin , Ibrahim S S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The impact of bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3) on the characteristics of the cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend was reported for a high weight ratio of the oxide (15wt%). Composite samples were made with 15wt% oxide and 2:1 weight ratio of PVA to cellulose using a hot hydraulic press technique (5 MPa and 175 °C), which led to samples in the form of a disk. The thermal stability of the composite was illustrated using the thermal gravitational analysis (TGS) at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 in N2 environment. The results show that the thermal stability of the composite sample was greater than that of the blended sample in the high-temperature region. The blend and composite samples exhibited two weight-loss stages throughout the thermal decomposition process. These two stages correspond to the slow decomposition (200 to 400 °C) and fast decomposition stages (400 to 450 °C for blend and from 430 to 460 °C for composite). Only 5% mass loss for both samples was detected due to heating from 50 °C to 200 °C. Dielectric spectroscopy (from 100 Hz to 1 MHz) was used to investigate the effects of Bi2O3 on the relaxation and conduction mechanisms of the composite samples at different temperatures. Dielectric permittivity, AC conductivity, electrical modulus, and complex impedance were investigated. Jonscher’s equation was applied to the blend and composite samples. The modified Jonscher’s equation fit well at low temperatures. As the temperature increases, the deviation from the normal Jonscher equation decreases. The activation energies of the blend and composite were calculated by determining the bulk resistance (RB) from the Nyquist plots. The activation energy of the blend was increased by adding the filler (Bi2O3).
Too much consumption or too high emissions intensities? Explaining the high consumption-based carbon footprints in the Nordic countries
Authors: Heinonen Jukka , Olson Sarah , Czepkiewicz Michal , Árnadóttir Áróra , Ottelin Juudit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Consumption-based carbon footprints have been widely used to examine how different demand-side solutions can reduce the emissions from personal consumption. This study not only utilized consumption-based carbon footprints to examine how people living in affluent nations like the Nordic countries can live 1.5 degree warming compatible lifestyles, but it also expanded on this analysis by focusing on which level of GHG intensity per monetary unit of expenditure it is possible to remain below a 1.5-degree compatible target level at different levels of consumption expenditure. To analyze the GHG intensity per monetary unit of consumption, first, the consumption-based carbon footprints from around 8,000 survey responses from the Nordic countries were calculated. Then the average carbon intensity per unit of monetary spending was calculated across the income deciles in each country and compared to target levels that align with the 1.5-degree compatible reduction pathways by 2030. Finally, the intensities for selected low-carbon consumption choices (vegan/vegetarian diet, driving an EV, renewable electricity for the home, not owning a car, and no air travel) were calculated and compared to the same baseline targets. Our results showed that all of the average carbon footprints and GHG intensities were above the target levels in all of the countries. However, when comparing respondents having adopted two or more low-carbon consumption choices, there were examples of average intensities that met the target levels. The adoption rates of these low-carbon consumption choices were low though, which illustrates the necessity for high adoption rates of multiple low-carbon consumption choices in order to materialize the potential of demand-side climate change mitigation options. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the GHG intensity of per monetary unit expenditure to inform future policies on demand-side solutions and to improve the climate-literacy of consumers, so they can make more informed decisions on consumption choices.
The free energy principle induces neuromorphic development
Authors: Fields Chris , Friston Karl , Glazebrook James F , Levin Michael , Marcianò Antonino 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We show how any finite physical system with morphological, i.e. three-dimensional embedding or shape, degrees of freedom and locally limited free energy will, under the constraints of the free energy principle, evolve over time towards a neuromorphic morphology that supports hierarchical computations in which each ‘level’ of the hierarchy enacts a coarse-graining of its inputs, and dually, a fine-graining of its outputs. Such hierarchies occur throughout biology, from the architectures of intracellular signal transduction pathways to the large-scale organization of perception and action cycles in the mammalian brain. The close formal connections between cone-cocone diagrams (CCCD) as models of quantum reference frames on the one hand, and between CCCDs and topological quantum field theories on the other, allow the representation of such computations in the fully-general quantum-computational framework of topological quantum neural networks.