bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit Set of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Under Plastic Covers1
Authors: Rylski Irena , Kempler H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic film tunnels (perforated, whole and double layer) on fruit set and yield of winter peppers were tested alone and in combination with soil mulches of black bitumen and black PE film. Whereas double4ayer cover induced more vigorous plant development, good fruit set on lower nodes, resulting in higher early yields of large fruit, was obtained only from plants covered throughout flowering by perforated plastic film. The addition of bitumen mulch resulted in higher total and early yield, while black PE mulch reduced the early yield, Factors inducing flower abscission when double-layer plastic is in use during flowering, as well as the differences between black bitumen and black PE mulch, are discussed.
Chemical Inhibition of Plant Height1
Authors: Sachs Roy M. , Hackett Wesley P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemical control of plant height has been achieved for many herbaceous and woody species. Horticultural practices in the greenhouse, orchard, and landscape have been altered to include the use of numerous compounds, the main function of which is to eliminate overgrowth. The problems encountered in selecting and using even the registered materials cannot be readily generalized since each compound presents special difficulties. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this review, 7 challenges to effective use usually presented by all compounds will be discussed, namely: 1) identifying the primary cause of inhibition of stem elongation; 2) timing the application of compounds to the appropriate stage of plant development; 3) determining the best method of application; 4) determining the optimum dosage, formulation, and frequency of application; 5) testing for cumulative phytotoxicity; 6) noting species specificity; and 7) taking note of potential environmental effects. Many chemicals have been made available for testing, but relatively few of them are registered expressly for control of overgrowth (Fig. 1).
Growth and Flowering Response of Deciduous Azaleas to Growth Retardants1
Authors: Ryan G. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The no. of flower buds on ‘Gibraltar’ Exbury azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) was increased by single sprays of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) at 7,500 to 20,000 ppm, 1-propyl phosphonic acid (PPA) at 1000 ppm, 5-chloro, 2-thenyl, tri-n-butyl-phosphoniumchloride (CTBP) at 1000 and 3000 ppm, and α-cyclopropyl -α-(methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) at 250 and 500 ppm. Applications in July reduced plant ht. Early August applications of SADH had less effect on no. of flower buds than early July applications and did not reduce plant ht. Double sprays of (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (chlormequat) at 2000 and 4000 ppm did not affect ht or no. of flower buds. A soil drench of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-tributylphosphonium chloride (CBBP) at 0.5 or 1.0 g per plant increased the no. of flower buds on ‘Cecile’ and ‘Renne’ Exbury azaleas.
Propagation of Elms by Twig Grafting
Authors: Schreiber L. R. , Main H. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several desirable Ulmus species cannot be propagated by budding because their fine branching habit precludes obtaining buds with large enough bark shields. A twig grafting technique was used substituting 1-year-old dormant twigs 5-13 cm long, as scions in place of buds. In a greenhouse test in March-May, twig grafting was usually more successful than bud grafting. The success with twig grafts made in liner beds in June varied between 0-82.6% depending on the species and clone.
A Nutrient Solution-Sand Culture System for Studying the Influence of N Form on Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Hammett Larry K. , Ballinger Walter E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Wolcott) under a constant-flow gravity system in the greenhouse were able to utilize either NO3-N or NH4-N and maintained a healthy growth status for 2 growing seasons.
Antitranspirant Film: Curtailing Intake of External Water by Cherry Fruit to Reduce Cracking1
Authors: Davenport D. C. , Uriu K. , Hagan R. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An antitranspirant film was used as a research tool to determine which part of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is the principal path for absorption of external water (rain). Antitranspirant applied to the entire fruit surface reduced water intake to half that of control fruit or fruit treated only on the top and/or bottom. A preliminary field trial investigated the film’s “rain-coating” effect as a possible means for reducing cherry cracking.
Social Responsibility in Horticultural Research and Teaching1
Authors: Wittwer S. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dramatic increases have recently occurred in the productivity of the major food crops (rice, wheat, corn, grain sorghum, potatoes). These advancements have characterized a worldwide “green revolution” and received much publicity (2). An equally remarkable and parallel record of production efficiency, accompanied by an enhancement of quality, has also occurred with most fruits and vegetables (7). Many of these remarkable changes have transpired where as an increasingly greater percentage of the commodity is being utilized in the processed form.
Horticultural Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
Authors: Link Conrad B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Encyclopedias and dictionaries of Horticulture are important sources of information for the amateur and the professional. For the non-professional it is one of the first places to seek horticultural information in a condensed form. Several encyclopedias and dictionaries have been published specifically for the non-technical reader while others with more technical information are intended for both the professional and amateur horticulturist. However, one of the problems is that of being current and up to date. In horticulture we recognize that there are some things that are basic, not changing or only slowly but in others there is rapid change.
Promotion of Flowering in Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Petunia by Gibberellin1
Authors: Izhar Shamay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A form of flower dormancy in petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) is associated with certain male-sterile plasmatypes. injection of gibberellic acid (GA3) into the lower part of the stalk promotes nearly normal flowering rate without any effect on male sterility.
Enhancement of In Vitro Pollen Germination of Lily with Increased Pre-inoculation Humidity1
Authors: Simons D. H. , Sfakiotakis E. , Dilley D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Germination of freshly dehisced or partially dried 1-day-old pollen of lily (Lilium longifolium Thumb cv. Ace) was greatly enhanced by exposure to high humidity prior to inoculation in germination medium. Half the maximum response was obtained with 40% humidity or with 5 min humidifying time at saturation.
Gibberellin-induced Parthenocarpy in ‘Winter Nelis’ Pear1
Authors: Gil Gonzalo F. , Griggs William H. , Martin George C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The gibberellins GA3 (200 ppm) and GA4+7 mixture (50 and 200 ppm) applied to blossoms of Pyrus communis L. cv. Winter Nelis previously bagged to prevent cross-pollination stimulated fruit set and growth for about a month, after which most of the fruits abscissed. Additional GA3 sprays were effective in retaining normal fruits until maturity. The addition of 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (fenoprop) further reduced “June drop,” and also advanced maturity and caused breakdown and early preharvest drop of fruits.
Fine Structure of the Apple Cuticle and Storage Scald1
Authors: Gough Robert E. , Shutak V. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Examination of the cuticle of ‘Cortland’, ‘Mcintosh’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed differences between cultivars in structure of the wax coating. A possible relationship was observed between wax structure and the occurrence and nature of surface breaks to scald susceptibility. Cuticle thickness had no apparent bearing on susceptibility to scald.
Boron Deficiency and Petal Necrosis of ‘Indianapolis White’ Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Boodley James W. , Sheldrake Raymond 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Indianapolis White No. 4 plants grown in Hoagland's solution from which B was deleted and withheld for various periods prior to flowering developed a necrotic halo in the floral parts. The B concentration of leaves of plants showing B deficiency symptoms in flowers at harvest, was well within the range considered adequate for chrysanthemums.
Diffusion of C02, O2, and Ethylene in Cranberry Fruit1
Authors: Forsyth F. R. , Hall I. V. , Lightfoot H. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Outward diffusion of CO2 from ‘Stevens’ and from native seedling cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) collected in 1971 and held 6 months at 3°C proceeded at the rate of 4.55 and 2.56 μl/cm2-hr, respectively. The rate of movement of O2 into ‘Stevens’ was 2.64 and for a native seedling was 3.28 μl/cm2-hr. For cranberries collected in 1972 and held 1 month at 3°C the respective values for CO2 were 1.48 and 1.53 and for O2 they were 3.09 and 3.65 μl/cm2-hr.
Bloom Delay and Frost Survival in Ethephon-treated Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied Sept. 8, 1971 at 250 and 500 ppm delayed sweet cherry (Primus avium L.) bloom 3 to 5 days, thereby reducing spring freeze injury and increasing yield. Preliminary data from a nonfrost year indicate no deleterious effect of treatment on maturity or quality.
Mycorrhizal Deficiency of Apple Trees in High Arsenic Soils1
Authors: Trappe James M. , Stahly Edward A. , Stahly Edward A. , Duff Darr M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rootlets of apple trees in low As soil and trees in arsenic-toxic soil in northcentral Washington were compared for mycorrhizal development. Healthy trees had abundant, vigorous rootlets that were mostly intensely mycorrhizal. Stunted trees, in contrast, had moderately abundant and badly stunted rootlets that were sparsely mycorrhizal. The symptoms expressed by apple trees in high As soils thus appear to prominently include a mycorrhizal deficiency.
Preharvest Application of Ethephon on Scald and Quality of Stored ‘Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Couey H. Melvin , Williams Max W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied 3 weeks before normal harvest hastened most of the changes commonly associated with maturation and ripening of ‘Delicious’ apples. Red color development, increase in soluble solids, water core development and decreased susceptibility to storage scald were all hastened by the ethephon treatment.
Identifying Cucurbitacin in Cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Black Zucchini1
Authors: Sharma Govind C. , Hall Charles V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Florisil column chromatography and silica-gel thin-layer chromatography were excellent preparatory steps for separation of cucurbitacins in cotyledons. It was difficult to identify closely related cucurbitacins by thin layer chromatography. Unstable cucurbitacin derivatives limited the use of gas-liquid chromatography for cucurbitacin identification; however, mass spectrometry was an effective method for cucurbitacin B.
Interactions in Source of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Liming Procedure in the Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato1
Authors: Woltz S. S , Jones John Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Symptoms of fusarium wilt of tomato were less severe in plants supplied with nitrate-N and greater in those supplied with ammonium-N. Liming with calcium hydroxide decreased disease severity but this effect was negated by high ammonium-low nitrate fertilization. The combination of high nitrate, low ammonium, and lime reduced disease development additively. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 was more virulent when grown in liquid culture with ammonium than with nitrate as the sole N source.
Rapid Vegetative Propagation of Asparagus through Lateral Bud Culture1
Authors: Yang Hsu-Jen , Clore W. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A modified procedure was developed for vegetatively increasing normal diploid Asparagus officinalis L. This is accomplished by culturing stock plants from unrooted lateral buds from spears, and by rooting buds from basal portions of shoots of stock plants. Murashige and Skoog's inorganic medium with added growth substances was used.
‘Brighton’ Peach1
Authors: Lamb Robert C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Brighton’, a yellow-fleshed, semi-clingstone peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was released in Sept. 1972 as an early-ripening, fresh market cultivar. It has been tested and received favorable reports not only from New York State growers, but also from such widely separated areas as the State of Georgia and France. It was named for a town in Monroe Countv, N. Y.
Internal Metabolic Changes in Cut Flowers1
Authors: Coorts Gerald D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study of the postharvest physiology of cut flowers is still in its infancy, but showing growth. In 1936, Laurie (20) made the following statement in his presidential address to the members of the American Society for Horticultural Science: “Although many attempts have been made to study the keeping quality of cut flowers, little definite and specific information is yet available. The workers at Illinois, Iowa, Cornell, Boyce-Thompson and Ohio are largely responsible for these studies. The use of various chemicals as well as carbon dioxide has been tried with some degree of success in specific cases … At present, studies in Ohio are being made with the correlations between refrigeration and humidity as well as the factors which reduce respiration rate and rapid maturity” Some 36 years later, we find an increasing interest in the postharvest physiology and biochemistry of cut flower senescence. However, much basic information and applied work is needed to aid the expanding flower industry of this country. This paper will attempt to review in detail the research literature to date on the internal metabolic changes in cut flowers.
Chemical Reversion of Sex Expression on Dioecious Cucumber with Ethephon and a Benzothiadiazole1
Authors: Augustine J. J. , Baker L. R. , Sell H. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of 5-methyl-7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazole (MCEB), a proposed inhibitor of ethylene action, and (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) on sex expression were observed in androecious and gynoecious phenotypes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under greenhouse conditions. MCEB had no effect on the androecious phenotype while ethephon (50 ppm) induced pistillate flowers. The effect of MCEB and ethephon treatment was a marked reduction in the number of ethylene-induced pistillate flowers except when there was a 48-hour period between applications of ethephon and MCEB. In the gynoecious phenotype, MCEB (75 ppm) induced staminate flowers, ethephon had no effect, and the effect of MCEB and ethephon treatment was to induce staminate flowers at relatively high concentrations of MCEB (150 ppm).
Costs and Returns from Alternate Harvesting Methods for Processing Tomatoes1
Authors: Wilcox G. E. , Sullivan G. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cost budgeting methods were used to determine harvesting costs and net returns under hand, combination, and mechanized harvest operations. Mechanized harvest methods generated the highest net return potentials for growers. Gross receipts per unit area, required to break even, were significantly lower under mechanized harvest operations. Net returns per unit of area for hand harvest and combination harvest were similar.
The Effect of Pronamide on Lettuce Growth and Weeds as Affected by Soil Type1
Authors: Mitidieri Agustin , Crabtree Garvin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a greenhouse experiment, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) showed considerable tolerance to N-(l,l-dimethylpropynyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzamide (pronamide) with a safety factor greater than 2 × compared to susceptible weeds. The crop and weed tolerance was greater in a silty clay loam and a muck soil than in a sandy soil. Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beau v.] was more susceptible to pronamide than redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and wild turnip (Brassica campestris L.).
Sweetpotato Periderm Failure in Response to Soil Moisture and Temperature1
Authors: Webster E. G. , Wright M. E. , Austin M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Results of tests to evaluate periderm peeling and failure forces of container-grown roots of sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas, Lam. cv. Nemagold), conditioned to various environments, were erratic. With field-grown roots, peeling and failure forces varied with soil temperature and soil moisture and were generally highest for warm dry conditions. Temperature and moisture had approximately equal effects on periderm peeling resistance within the ranges tested. Periderm thickness decreased and peeling resistance increased as soil temperature increased, but the number of cell layers remained fairly constant.
Proteas: Developmental Research for a New Cut Flower Crop1
Authors: Parvin Philip E. , Criley Richard A. , Bullock Richard M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In South Africa, proteas are a popular cut flower featured in garden shows and available at most flower shops. They are exported to Europe and the British Isles where their popularity is increasing. The National Botanic Gardens of South Africa at Kirstenbosch, and the King's Park and Botanic Garden in Western Australia, have been instrumental in bringing into cultivation the ornamental species of Proteaceae native to their regions of the world.
The Relationship of Detachment Characteristics of Highbush Blueberry Fruit to Mechanical Vibration Harvesting1
Authors: Mainland Charles M. , Galletta Gene J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fourteen highbush blueberry cultivars and selections differed greatly in percentage blue and green fruit removed during a 3 second vibration of individual fruiting shoots with a hand-held vibrator. With cultivars ‘Croatan’, ‘Wolcott’, ‘Morrow’, ‘Murphy’, and ‘Collins’ more than 90% of the blue fruit and less than 15% green fruit were removed. These cultivars have desirable detachment characteristics and required a force of less than 85 g to remove individual blue fruit.
Temperature, Photoperiod and Light Intensity Effects on Growth of Pisum sativum L.1
Authors: Dolan Desmond D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In controlled environment chambers with 3 temperatures (12.8, 17.5 and 22.2°C), 2 photoperiods (16 hours and continuous light) and 2 light intensities (21,500 and 43,000 lux) the greatest growth in peas was obtained with the combination of high temperature, continuous light and high intensity. Of 12 cultivars tested, the dry weight of the lowest yielding, ‘Lincoln’, was less than half that of the highest yielding, ‘Laxton's Progress’.
Three Mutants Appearing in ‘Manapal’ Tomato1
Authors: Konsler T. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three mutants that have appeared in trellised plantings of ‘Manapal’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in western North Carolina are described. Waxy fruit produced fruit that had a waxy or sticky epidermis, corresponding to the description of the sticky peel (pe), gene. Light green foliage was completely associated with the waxy character. Red vascular had dark red vascular tissue in stems, roots, and petioles. This character was monogenic recessive, and may be the same as red vascular tissue (rvt). Dark green had darker green immature fruit and foliage and deeper red mature fruit than normal ‘Manapal’. It was phenotypically similar to other high pigment (hp) stocks observed, but had darker green fruit and increased beta-carotene content.
Chemical Weed Control in Container-grown Nursery Stock1
Authors: Carpenter Philip L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Broad-spectrum herbicides severly injured container-grown (Cotoneaster divaricata, Rehd. & Wils. and Euonymus fortunei, (Turcz.) Hand-Mazz. cv. Coloratus, because of rapid leaching into the root zone as a result of the porous peat-perlite medium. Injury was eliminated when activated carbon at 0.75 kg/m3 was mixed into the medium. Weed control was achieved by applying a 2.5 cm layer of the medium containing herbicide (but not activated carbon). The most effective herbicides were dichlobenil (0.44 g/m2), dichlobenil (0.44 g/m2) plus trifluralin (0.22 g/m2), or simazine (0.44 g/m2).
Resistance of Cucurbita Plant Introductions to Powdery Mildew1
Authors: Sowell Grover , Corley W. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht) Poll, was not found in 292 plant introductions of Cucurbita pepo L. Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir, PI 179925 and PI 201254, were resistant Most plant introductions of Cucurbita maxima were resistant
Cytokinin-like Activity of Benomyl as a Senescence Inhibitor of Broccoli Heads1
Authors: Pressman E. , Palevitch D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postharvest dip of methyl 1 -(bu tyl carbamoyl)2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl) prolonged the storage life of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group), similar to the effect of 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Both compounds were effective in maintaining the green color of broccoli heads stored under high temperature conditions.
Decay and Dark Reversion of Phy tochrom in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phytochrome decay and reversion were measured in excised inner scales of Lilium longiflorum. Total phytochrome decreased by 25% in 4 hours after the initial 10 minute red light treatment. There was dark reversion of the phytochrome pigment from the far-red absorbing form to the red absorbing form.
Red and Far-red Treatments Accelerate Shoot Emergence from Bulbs of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White1
Authors: Roh Seung Moon , Wilkins Harold F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Treatment of inner daughter scales of lily bulbs with red or far-red light significantly accelerated shoot emergence. A red or far-red treatment from 2200-0200 accelerated emergence after a red or dark treatment from 0800-1600. A red or far-red treatment from 2200-0200 after a far-red treatment from 0800-1600 delayed emergence when compared to a far-red, dark treatment sequence.
A Producer’s View of Horticultural Research Funding
Authors: Heringer Lester 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heringer Farms produces 6,500 acres of row, field and deciduous tree crops. Because of our proximity to University of California, Davis, and the diversity of our crops, we have been associated with much of the research conducted by the University as well as that carried on under the marketing order System that covers many of our California crops. Although marketing orders are not my subject today, I would like to make the comment that research funding under market orders forces each grower to contribute his fair share to the research being conducted on specific problems in a specific crop. Last year, market order assessments in the amount of $30,000 were paid by Heringer Farms.