bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of three-dimensional-printed porous tantalum cones in total knee arthroplasty revision to reconstruct bone defects
Authors: Ao Yunong , Guo Lin , Chen Hao , He Rui , Yang Pengfei , Fu Dejie , Gu Lingchuan , Peng Yang , Xiong Ran , Yang Liu , Wang Fuyou 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has emerged as a new treatment method due to its precision and personalization. This study aims to explore the application of a 3D-printed personalized porous tantalum cone for reconstructing the bone defect in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision.Methods: Between November 2017 and October 2020, six patients underwent bone reconstruction using 3D-printed porous tantalum cones in TKA revision. The knee function was assessed using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score pre- and postoperatively. The pain was measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) pre- and postoperatively. The quality of life was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to pre- and postoperatively evaluate the relief of pain. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and complications were also recorded. At the last follow-up, all patients received X-ray and computed tomography (CT) to confirm the effect of bone reconstruction.Results: After an average follow-up duration of 26.3 months, no patients developed any operation-related complications. The average intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volumes were 250.1 ± 76.4 ml and 506.7 ± 300.8 ml, respectively. At the last follow-up, the HSS score was significantly higher than that before operation, indicating that the knee function was significantly improved (p &lt; 0.001). During the follow-up, the mean VAS score decreased and the mean SF-36 score increased, both of which were significantly improved compared with preoperative conditions (p &lt; 0.001). Radiological examination at the final follow-up showed that cones implanted into the joint were stable and bone defects were effectively reconstructed.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 3D-printed porous tantalum cones could effectively reconstruct bone defects and offer anatomical support in TKA revision. Further studies are still needed to confirm the long-term effect of 3D-printed tantalum cones for reconstructing bone defects.
From compute to care: Lessons learned from deploying an early warning system into clinical practice
Authors: Pou-Prom Chloé , Murray Joshua , Kuzulugil Sebnem , Mamdani Muhammad , Verma Amol A. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundDeploying safe and effective machine learning models is essential to realize the promise of artificial intelligence for improved healthcare. Yet, there remains a large gap between the number of high-performing ML models trained on healthcare data and the actual deployment of these models. Here, we describe the deployment of CHARTwatch, an artificial intelligence-based early warning system designed to predict patient risk of clinical deterioration.MethodsWe describe the end-to-end infrastructure that was developed to deploy CHARTwatch and outline the process from data extraction to communicating patient risk scores in real-time to physicians and nurses. We then describe the various challenges that were faced in deployment, including technical issues (e.g., unstable database connections), process-related challenges (e.g., changes in how a critical lab is measured), and challenges related to deploying a clinical system in the middle of a pandemic. We report various measures to quantify the success of the deployment: model performance, adherence to workflows, and infrastructure uptime/downtime. Ultimately, success is driven by end-user adoption and impact on relevant clinical outcomes. We assess our deployment process by evaluating how closely we followed existing guidance for good machine learning practice (GMLP) and identify gaps that are not addressed in this guidance.ResultsThe model demonstrated strong and consistent performance in real-time in the first 19 months after deployment (AUC 0.76) as in the silent deployment heldout test data (AUC 0.79). The infrastructure remained online for &gt;99% of time in the first year of deployment. Our deployment adhered to all 10 aspects of GMLP guiding principles. Several steps were crucial for deployment but are not mentioned or are missing details in the GMLP principles, including the need for a silent testing period, the creation of robust downtime protocols, and the importance of end-user engagement. Evaluation for impacts on clinical outcomes and adherence to clinical protocols is underway.ConclusionWe deployed an artificial intelligence-based early warning system to predict clinical deterioration in hospital. Careful attention to data infrastructure, identifying problems in a silent testing period, close monitoring during deployment, and strong engagement with end-users were critical for successful deployment.
Serum Metrnl levels are decreased in subjects with overweight or obesity and are independently associated with adverse lipid profile
Authors: Ding Xiaoyu , Chang Xiaona , Wang Jiaxuan , Bian Nannan , An Yu , Wang Guang , Liu Jia 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMeteorin-like (Metrnl), a novel adipokine, is highly expressed in adipose tissue and has a beneficial effect on energy metabolism. However, data on circulating Metrnl levels in obesity are scarce and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of Metrnl in adults with obesity and its association with glucose and lipid metabolism.Methods182 subjects were included in the cross-sectional study. The participants were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal (n = 95), overweight (n = 46), and obesity (n = 41). Serum Metrnl concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSerum Metrnl levels in overweight or obese subjects were significantly lower than in the normal group. Circulating Metrnl levels were negatively correlated with TG, TC, LDL-C, and sdLDL and positively correlated with HDL-C before and after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, HOMA-IR, and eGFR (all P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with the highest tertile, the lowest tertile of Metrnl levels were significantly associated with the presence of hyper-TG, hyper-TC, and Hyper-LDL after full adjustment (all P for trend &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsSerum Metrnl levels were reduced in individuals with overweight or obesity and were independently associated with adverse lipid profile, suggesting that modifying circulating Metrnl levels may serve as a potential therapeutic target for atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Periconceptional diet quality is associated with gestational diabetes risk and glucose concentrations among nulliparous gravidas
Authors: Lindsay Karen L. , Milone Gina F. , Grobman William A. , Haas David M. , Mercer Brian M. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Saade George R. , Silver Robert M. , Chung Judith H. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and elevated glucose concentrations below the threshold for GDM diagnosis have been associated with adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes. Dietary interventions initiated during pregnancy have demonstrated inconsistent beneficial effects. Limited data exist regarding the effects of periconceptional diet on gestational glycemia.ObjectiveTo evaluate independent associations between periconceptional diet quality with GDM frequency and glucose concentrations from GDM screening and diagnostic tests among nulliparous gravidas.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of N=7997 participants from the NuMoM2b multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study of first pregnancies. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 was computed from food frequency questionnaires completed in early pregnancy (6-13 weeks), reporting usual dietary intake over the preceding 3 months. GDM screening was performed either by non-fasting 1-hour 50g glucose load (N=6845), followed by 3-hour 100g glucose tolerance test (GTT) for those with raised glucose concentrations (N=1116; at risk for GDM), or by a single 2-hour 75g GTT (N=569; all GDM risk levels). Logistic and linear regression were used to estimate the associations between the AHEI-2010 score with odds of GDM, having raised blood glucose on the 1-hour screening test, and continuous glucose concentrations on screening and diagnostic tests. All models were adjusted for a priori covariates: maternal age, race/ethnicity, early-pregnancy body mass index, smoking habits, rate of gestational weight gain, energy intake, nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy, study site.ResultsPoorer periconceptional diet quality was observed among participants who were younger, with higher BMI, lower income levels, and of non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic ethnicity. The GDM rate was 4%. Each 1-point increase in AHEI-2010 score was associated with a 1% decrease in the odds of being diagnosed with GDM (beta=-0.015, p=0.022, OR=0.986, 95% CI 0.973 to 0.998). Diet quality was inversely associated with each post glucose load concentration on the non-fasting screening test and the 2-hour and 3-hour GTT.ConclusionPoor periconceptional diet quality is independently associated with an increased risk of GDM and with minor elevations in serum glucose concentrations on GDM screening and diagnostic tests, in a diverse cohort of nulliparas. Periconception intervention studies targeting diet quality are warranted.
Freeze-thaw cycles alter soil hydro-physical properties and dissolved organic carbon release from peat
Authors: Liu Haojie , Rezanezhad Fereidoun , Zak Dominik , Li Xiujun , Lennartz Bernd 
Published: September 2022

The ongoing climate warming is likely to increase the frequency of freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) in cold-temperate peatland regions. Despite the importance of soil hydro-physical properties in water and carbon cycling in peatlands, the impacts of FTCs on peat properties as well as carbon sequestration and release remain poorly understood. In this study, we collected undisturbed topsoil samples from two drained lowland fen peatlands to investigate the impact of FTCs on hydro-physical properties as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes from peat. The soil samples were subject to five freeze-thaw treatments, including a zero, one, three, five, ten cycles (FTC0, FTC1, FTC3, FTC5, and FTC10, respectively). Each FTC was composed of 24 h of freezing (−5°C) and 24 h of thawing (5°C) and the soil moisture content during the freeze-thaw experiment was adjusted to field capacity. The results showed that the FTCs substantially altered the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of peat. For peat samples with low initial Ks values (e.g., &lt; 0.2 × 10−5 m s−1), Ks increased after FTCs. In contrast, the Ks of peat decreased after freeze-thaw, if the initial Ks was comparably high (e.g., &gt; 0.8 × 10−5 m s−1). Overall, the average Ks values of peatlands decreased after FTCs. The reduction in Ks values can be explained by the changes in macroporosity. The DOC experiment results revealed that the FTCs could increase DOC concentrations in leachate, but the DOC fluxes decreased mainly because of a reduction in water flow rate as well as Ks. In conclusion, soil hydraulic properties of peat (e.g., Ks) are affected by freezing and thawing. The dynamics of soil hydraulic properties need to be explicitly addressed in the quantification and modelling of the water flux and DOC release from peatlands.
Seasonal co-pollution characteristics of parent-PAHs and alkylated-PAHs in karst mining area soil of Guizhou, Southwest China
Authors: An Xianjin , Li Wei , Lan Jiacheng , Di Xinyue , Adnan Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

The research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in karst soil mainly focuses on 16 kinds of parent-PAHs (p- PAHs), and little attention is given to alkylated-PAHs (a-PAHs) with higher concentration and greater toxicity. Five surface soils of coal mining area and their surrounding areas in karst area were sampled as subject investigated, and the spatiotemporal pollution characteristics of p-PAHs and a-PAHs were analyzed to discuss the impact of karst soil properties and environmental conditions on the migration of a-PAHs. The research results showed that the pollution concentration of a-PAHs in the soil of the southwestern karst area, especially the coal mining area, was significantly higher compared to the 16 kinds of p-PAHs, and the average concentration of the p-PAHs was 177.29 ± 37.36 ng/g; the concentration of a-PAHs was 346.87 ± 104.91 ng/g; the concentration of PAHs presented a seasonal pattern of that in winter &gt; spring &gt; autumn &gt; summer. At the same time, seasonal rainfall could affect and change the occurrence state of PAHs in karst soils, but the effect on p-PAHs was weaker than on a-PAHs. The concentration of PAHs in the coal mining area and forest soil were 651.68 ng/g and 755.38 ng/g, respectively, so they belonged to contaminated soil, while the concentrations of two cultivated soil and abandoned soil were 475.51 ng/g, 367.58 ng/g and 370.63 ng/g, respectively, belonging to weakly contaminated. Toxicity assessment showed that p-BaP with a maximum toxic equivalent of 62.35 ng/g, C1-BaP (42.09 ng/g), DaA (37.82 ng/g) and C1-3 BaA (25.91 ng/g) were toxic PAHs with higher risk. The results of the correlation study showed that soil organic carbon, soil clay and soil calcium content were the dominant factors affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of PAHs of soils in karst coal mining areas and their surrounding areas. The research can provide data guidance for the management, control and restoration of soil pollution in karst areas, and offer a reference for Guizhou province to implement the big-ecological strategy.
The role of ACE1 I/D and ACE2 polymorphism in the outcome of Iranian COVID-19 patients: A case-control study
Authors: Faridzadeh Arezoo , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Ghaffarpour Sara , Zamani Mohammad Saber , Hoseinzadeh Akram , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Ghazanfari Tooba 
Published: September 2022

Background: Since the beginning of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have experienced a considerable number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. The etiology of a broad spectrum of symptoms is still debated. Host genetic variants might also significantly influence the outcome of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE1) gene Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs1799752) and ACE2 gene rs1978124 single nucleotide polymorphism with the COVID-19 severity.Methods: This study was conducted on 470 COVID-19 patients and a control group of 56 healthy individuals across several major cities in Iran. The blood sample and clinical data were collected from the participants, and their ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs1978124 polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction and PCR-RFLP, respectively. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and ACE1 were measured in the blood samples.Results: We found that the ACE1 DD genotype frequency was inversely correlated with the risk of intubation (p = 0.017) and mortality in COVID-19 patients (p = 0.049). Even after adjustment, logistic regression demonstrated that this significant inverse association remained constant for the above variables at odds ratios of (OR) = 0.35 and Odds Ratio = 0.49, respectively. Also, in the expired (p = 0.042) and intubated (p = 0.048) groups with II + ID genotypes, the mean level of CRP was significantly higher than in the DD genotype group. Furthermore, in both intubated and expired groups, the mean serum level of ACE1 was higher compared with non-intubated and survived groups with II or II + ID genotypes. The results also indicated that ACE2 rs1978124 TT + CT genotypes in females have a significant positive role in susceptibility to COVID-19; however, in females, the TT + CT genotypes had a protective effect (OR = 0.098) against the severity of COVID-19.Conclusion: These findings suggest that ACE1 I/D and ACE2 rs1978124 polymorphism could potentially influence the outcome of COVID-19 in the Iranian population.
Non-canonical DNA structures: Diversity and disease association
Authors: Bansal Aparna , Kaushik Shikha , Kukreti Shrikant 
Published: September 2022

A complete understanding of DNA double-helical structure discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, unveil the importance and significance of DNA. For the last seven decades, this has been a leading light in the course of the development of modern biology and biomedical science. Apart from the predominant B-form, experimental shreds of evidence have revealed the existence of a sequence-dependent structural diversity, unusual non-canonical structures like hairpin, cruciform, Z-DNA, multistranded structures such as DNA triplex, G-quadruplex, i-motif forms, etc. The diversity in the DNA structure depends on various factors such as base sequence, ions, superhelical stress, and ligands. In response to these various factors, the polymorphism of DNA regulates various genes via different processes like replication, transcription, translation, and recombination. However, altered levels of gene expression are associated with many human genetic diseases including neurological disorders and cancer. These non-B-DNA structures are expected to play a key role in determining genetic stability, DNA damage and repair etc. The present review is a modest attempt to summarize the available literature, illustrating the occurrence of non-canonical structures at the molecular level in response to the environment and interaction with ligands and proteins. This would provide an insight to understand the biological functions of these unusual DNA structures and their recognition as potential therapeutic targets for diverse genetic diseases.
Case report: Rare among ultrarare—Clinical odyssey of a new patient with Ogden syndrome
Authors: Hofman Jagoda , Hutny Michal , Chwialkowska Karolina , Korotko Urszula , Loranc Karolina , Kruk Anna , Lechowicz Urszula , Rozy Adriana , Gajdanowicz Pawel , Kwasniewski Miroslaw , Krajewska-Walasek Malgorzata , Paprocka Justyna , Jezela-Stanek Aleksandra 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The definition of ultra-rare disease in terms of its prevalence varies between the sources, usually amounting to ca. 1 in 1.000.000 births. Nonetheless, there are even less frequent disorders, such as Ogden syndrome, which up to this day was diagnosed in less than 10 patients worldwide. They present typically with a variety of developmental defects, including postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor delay and hypotonia. This disorder is caused by the heterozygous mutations in NAA10 gene, which encodes N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, involved in protein biosynthesis. Therefore, Ogden syndrome belongs to the broader group of genetic disorders, collectively described as NAA10-related syndrome.Case report: We present a case of a Polish male infant, born in 39. GW with c-section due to the pathological cardiotocography signal. Hypotrophy (2400 g) and facial dysmorphism were noted in the physical examination. From the first minute, the child required mechanical ventilation - a nasal continuous positive airway pressure. For the first 27 days, the patient was treated in a neonatal intensive care unit, where a series of examinations were conducted. On their basis, the presence of the following defects was determined: muscular ventricular septal defects, patent foramen ovale, pectus excavatum, clubfoot and axial hypotonia. Child was then consequently referred to the genetic clinic for counselling. Results of the tests allowed the diagnosis of Ogden syndrome. In the following months the patient’s condition worsened due to the numerous pulmonary infections. Despite the advanced treatment including the variety of medications, the patient eventually died at the age of 10 months.Conclusion: This case report presents a tenth patient diagnosed with Ogden syndrome reported worldwide. It expands the morphologic and clinical phenotype, emphasizing the possible severity of pneumonological disorders in these patients, which may pose a greater threat to a child’s life than more frequently described cardiovascular dysfunctions associated with this syndrome.
Safety monitoring in inactivated COVID-19 vaccines by clinical pharmacists from a single center in China
Authors: Hu Min , Guo Wei , Liu Li , Yang Yu , Xu Qiling , Cheng Fang , Zeng Fang , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2022

Given that vaccine-induced adverse effects were mostly based on previous laboratory research and clinical trials, real-world data on the safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination were lacking. This study reported the adverse events (AEs) among inactivated COVID-19 vaccine recipients. Data were collected from a total of 2,808 hospital employees and their family members in Wuhan, China, with all of them receiving the first dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines from two pharmaceutical companies. The first dose was given between 29th April and 13th May 2021. A total of 2,732 vaccinees received the second dose between 27th May and 8th July 2021. The whole process of receiving the vaccine was monitored by clinical pharmacists, and the information on AEs including demographics, occurrence, types, and severity was recorded through an online questionnaire and telephone follow-up. Most of the common AEs were mild and tolerable, and the overall incidence of AEs was lower than the data from the safety profile in clinical trials. Moreover, the incidence of AEs in the first dose (21.30%, 598) was higher than that in the second dose (16.07%, 439). Furthermore, the first injection had more severe AEs (4, 0.14%) than the second injection (2, 0.07%). The AEs involved the skin, muscle, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, and other tissues and systems. The most common AE was pain at the injection site (first dose: 10.19%, second dose: 12.55%). All the vaccinees with AEs for both doses recovered fully in the end. It was noted that some AEs might cause blood coagulation disorder and bleeding risk. Therefore, ongoing monitoring of AEs after COVID-19 vaccination is essential in evaluating the benefits and risks of each vaccine.