bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care home managers' views on the media coverage of COVID‐19 outbreaks in care homes for older adults: A case study in Stockholm
Authors: Morath Lenke P. , Burström Bo , Liljas Ann E. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has particularly affected older adults and resulted in high rates of infections and deaths in care homes. We have conducted a case study in which three managers of care homes for older adults in central Stockholm have shared their thoughts on the media coverage of care homes for older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We analysed the data using conventional content analysis and identified three themes and five categories. The results show that the managers experienced the media coverage of care homes during the pandemic to be negative and incomplete, causing feelings of sadness and shame amongst themselves and their staff. The negative media coverage further generated added workload as they had to arrange for discussions to answer questions by staff and close relatives of the residents. Informants also thought that there is a lack of knowledge about the role of care homes and subsequently what to expect of them. Finally, informants reported that the pandemic might create an opportunity for system‐level policy changes. In light of this, we discuss possible victim blaming of staff and how greater public awareness of the care home sector could facilitate for a debate on policy changes and the low social status of caring for older adults.
Hypoallergenicity assessment of an extensively hydrolyzed whey‐protein formula in cow’s milk allergic infants
Authors: Dahdah Lamia , Roelofs Mieke , Knipping Karen , de Vries Esther , Rijnierse Anneke , Garssen Johan , Brand Paul L. P. , Fiocchi Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground Extensively hydrolyzed formulas are recommended for the dietary management of infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA).ObjectivesHypoallergenicity, growth, and gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of a new extensively hydrolyzed whey‐protein formula (eHWF) in CMA children were assessed.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, international, multi‐center study (Trial NL3889), 34 children with confirmed CMA (74% IgE‐mediated) underwent a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) with an eHWF developed with non‐porcine enzymes, supplemented with prebiotic short‐chain galacto‐ and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (0.8 g/L, ratio 9:1), arachidonic acid (0.35/100 g), and docosahexaenoic acid (0.35/100 g). If tolerant to the eHWF, children participated in a 7‐day open food challenge with this eHWF. Anthropometrics and GI tolerability were assessed in an optional 16‐weeks follow‐up.ResultsOf the 34 children who started the DBPCFC with the eHWF, 25 subjects (19 boys, mean age: 61 weeks, 18 with IgE‐mediated CMA) completed the DBPCFC and 7‐day open challenge without major protocol deviations and tested negative at both challenges. One child experienced a late moderate eczematous allergic reaction in the optional follow‐up period, indicating the need for close monitoring of subjects starting new formula. Weight and length gain followed the World Health Organization growth curves. Changes in frequency and consistency of stools upon test formula intake were transient.ConclusionsThe newly developed eHWF is a suitable option in CMA treatment as all subjects tolerated the product. This result is in line with the international criteria for hypoallergenicity (American Academy of Pediatrics) that state that more than 90% of CMA children must tolerate the formula. Use of the formula is also associated with normal growth curves and GI tolerability.Trial registrationTrial NL3889, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/3889.
Follow up of Kawasaki disease based on nationwide survey data in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Yosikazu , Matsubara Yuri , Kosami Koki , Ae Ryusuke , Sasahara Teppei , Aoyama Yasuko , Koike Soichi , Ishikawa Shizukiyo , Makino Nobuko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term prognosis of those with a history of Kawasaki disease (KD) is still unknown.MethodsUsing a permanent registry system in Japan (koseki), 6,576 persons with a history of KD were followed up. The average follow‐up period was 30 years. The endpoint was death.ResultsWith a 99.5% follow‐up rate, 68 deaths (48 males and 20 females) were observed. The overall standardized mortality ratio, of which reference was vital statistics in Japan, was not elevated. However, the observation according to the presence or absence of cardiac sequelae showed that the standardized mortality ratio for those with cardiac sequelae significantly elevated. Nine persons, all of whom were males, died of KD (including those cases where KD was suspected), but all deaths occurred in individuals who were under 30 years of age.ConclusionsThis study revealed the long‐term prognosis for KD, but almost all participants were younger than 40 years. Continuing follow up of this cohort is required to clarify whether a history of KD relates to the development of atherosclerosis when participants become middle aged or older.
Hepatocellular carcinoma requiring liver transplantation in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 despite nitisinone therapy and α1‐fetoprotein normalization
Authors: Bhushan Shreya , Noble Charlton , Balouch Fariha , Lewindon Peter , Lampe Guy , Hodgkinson Peter , McGill Jim , Ee Looi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHereditary tyrosinemia type 1 is a rare metabolic condition associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nitisinone (2‐[2‐nitro‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoyl]‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione, NTBC) treatment has reduced but not eliminated the risk. The delayed initiation of nitisinone treatment, and persistently abnormal α1‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels are recognized to be risk factors for late‐onset hepatocellular carcinoma. We report three children diagnosed and treated with nitisinone since infancy who developed hepatocellular carcinoma despite long‐term normalization of AFP.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients with tyrosinemia on nitisinone managed at our center was undertaken. Patient demographics, age at diagnosis, duration of therapy, timing of AFP normalization, and radiographic imaging findings were noted.ResultsThree patients at our center with tyrosinemia type 1 developed hepatocellular carcinoma 9–13 years after diagnosis despite long‐term nitisinone therapy and normalization of AFP. Two patients developed new nodules on imaging with an elevation of AFP leading to the diagnosis and subsequent liver transplant. The third patient proceeded with liver transplant because of a very nodular liver and increasing splenomegaly despite normal AFP and no change in surveillance gadoxetate magnetic resonance imaging. Early hepatocellular carcinoma was found in her liver explant. All three patients were cirrhotic at diagnosis.ConclusionsPatients with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1, especially those already cirrhotic at diagnosis, remain at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma despite long‐term nitisinone therapy and AFP normalization, and warrant close monitoring and surveillance.
The Gender Wealth Gap in Europe: Application of Machine Learning to Predict Individual‐level Wealth
Authors: Kukk Merike , Meriküll Jaanika , Rõõm Tairi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article provides comparative estimates of the gender wealth gaps for 22 European countries, employing data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey. The data on wealth are collected at the household level, while individual‐level data are needed for the estimates of gender wealth gaps. We propose a novel approach using machine learning and model averaging methods to predict individual‐level wealth data for multi‐person households. Our results suggest that random forest performs best as the predicting tool for this exercise, outperforming elastic net and Bayesian model averaging. The estimated gender wealth gaps tend to be in favor of men, especially at the top of the wealth distribution. Men have 24 percent more wealth than women on average. We also find that a high home ownership rate is associated with a smaller country‐level gender wealth gap. Our estimates suggest that the individual‐level wealth inequality is on average 3 pp higher than the household‐level wealth inequality in multi‐member households.
Approach to Automation of Line Heating by Combination of Reinforcement Learning and Finite Element Method Simulation
Authors: Shibahara Masakazu , Ikushima Kazuki , Maekawa Manami , Ashida Ryo , Kato Takuya , Notsu Akira 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years, ship hulls have very complicated shapes in order to reduce frictional resistance and wave resistance during navigation. In particular, in the bow and stern, curved skin plates with complex shapes are used. Line heating is used to produce such complex shapes. Line heating is a bending technique using plastic deformation due to heating. The relationship between the heat input and the deformation is nonlinear, which may lead to difficulty in making a heating plan for forming the target shape. Thus, skilled workers are necessary in line heating, and the work time and dimensional accuracy depend on their skills. Another problem is the transfer of this technique to future generations. In order to overcome these problems, automation of the line heating process has been investigated urgently. On the other hand, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been rapidly developed in recent years. An AI system can deal with nonlinear relationships and ambiguous feature quantities, which are difficult to express mathematically. By using AI, automation of the planning of the heating line can be expected. The purpose of the present study is to obtain the optimal heat input conditions for forming an arbitrary shape in line heating. In order to accomplish this, we constructed an AI system that integrated deep layer reinforcement learning and line heating simulation. The proposed system was applied to the formation of fundamental shapes of line heating, including the bowl shape, the saddle shape, and the twisted shape. As a result, the proposed system was found to be able to generate heating plans for these shapes with fewer heating lines.
Axial Compression and Buckling Analysis of Columnar Structures with Tetra-Anti-Chiral Configuration
Authors: Tabacu Stefan , Stanescu Doru Nicolae 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present work is focused on the investigation of tetra-anti-chiral structures by means of numerical and analytical methods. Specimens were evaluated under compressive load using analytical and numerical methods. The paper summarizes a theoretical solution for the estimate of Poisson’s ratio and the plateau force. The models can handle structures with various configurations, such as the radius of the connection node, lengths, and thickness of the ligaments. A section dedicated to the evaluation of the buckling load is included to extend the investigation of the behavior under compressive loads. The theoretical model is based on Euler’s formula, and a series of amendments are performed to adapt the formula to the analysis of chiral structures. Throughout the paper, theoretical results are compared with results from the simulations to validate the principles stated. Two sets of numerical models were developed: a fully 3D model using hexahedral finite elements and a 2.5D model using a beam finite element model. An overall comparison of results is presented, showing a good agreement between datasets. The present work might set the background for future activities, allowing for a selection of individual investigation methods.
Intercooled Recuperative Aero Engine System Optimization
Authors: Decang Lou , Yong Kang , Wen Guo , Qiuyue Zhao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
By installing an intercooler and a recuperator, the intercooled recuperative aero engine (IRA) has the advantage of improving thermal efficiency as well as reducing fuel consumption and emissions. Both the aerodynamic and thermal performance of the intercooler and recuperator, as well as their configuration have decisive effects on the performance of the engine. This paper first describes the overall parameters and the structural scheme for the IRA engine. Then numerical simulation and modeling tests were conducted to investigate the performance of different types of matrices for the intercooler. Results show that the cross-corrugated matrix, compared to the tube matrix, had higher effectiveness and lower pressure loss. For the recuperative system, which includes the matrix module and the pipe system, a porous medium model was established for the U-tube recuperator matrix according to the experimental results. With this model, the optimized arrangement of the eight recuperator modules in the exhaust nozzle was achieved. After optimization, the gas almost equally flows through each matrix module, which can ensure the heat transfer effectiveness as design. A flow network was built up to optimize the pipe system of the recuperator. With this network, the diameter of the pipes inside the air supply/backflow ducting system was optimized to make the coolant flow through each matrix module matching the gas side.
A Novel Testing Method to Quantify Mechanical Properties of the Intact Annulus Fibrosus Ring From Rat-Tail Intervertebral Discs
Authors: Sinopoli Sabrina I. , Gregory Diane E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The annulus fibrosus is the ring-like exterior of the intervertebral disc, which is composed of concentrically organized layers of collagen fiber bundles. The mechanical properties of the annulus have been studied extensively; however, tests are typically performed on extracted fragments or multilayered samples of the annulus and not on the annulus as a whole. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to develop a novel testing technique to measure the mechanical properties of the intact, isolated annulus; and (2) to perform a preliminary analysis of the rate-dependency of these mechanical properties. Twenty-nine whole annulus ring samples were dissected from 11 skeletally mature Sprague Dawley rat tails and underwent a tensile failure test at either 2%/s (n = 16) or 20%/s (n = 13). Force and displacement were sampled at 100 Hz and were subsequently normalized to stress and strain. Various mechanical properties were derived from the stress–strain curves and statistically compared between the rates. All mechanical variables, with the exception of initial failure stress, were found to be unaffected by rate. Interestingly, initial failure stress was higher for samples tested at the slower rate compared to the higher rate which is atypical for viscoelastic tissues. Although in general rate did not appear to impact the annulus ring response to tensile loading, this novel, intact annular ring testing technique provides an alternative way to quantify mechanical properties of the annulus.
A Comparative Study of Thermoconvective Flows of a Newtonian Fluid Over Three Horizontal Undulated Surfaces in a Porous Medium
Authors: Siddheshwar P. G. , Narayana Mahesha , Saha Richa , Nagouda Smita S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a comparison between the results of three thermoconvective flows of a Newtonian fluid over uniformly heated, undulated horizontal surfaces in a porous medium against the background of the results of a flat plate. The undulations are assumed to have sinusoidal, sawtooth, and triangular waveforms. A system of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations arising in the study is solved using the Keller–Box method. Streamlines and isotherms have been plotted and analyzed to examine the effect of parameters on the fluid dynamics and heat transfer. At large surface amplitudes, secondary flow is observed in the cases of sinusoidal and triangular waveforms, but not in the cases of a sawtooth surface and a flat plate. The magnitude of the slip velocity at the horizontal surface is greatest for the sine waveform, while it is least in the case of triangular. The flat plate does not support slip in the velocity to the extent seen in the case of undulated surfaces. The variation of the mean Nusselt number and mean skin friction with surface amplitude and the Rayleigh number indicate that heat transfer and viscous friction at the boundary increase with individual and collective increases in the values of the amplitude and the Rayleigh number. Further, the mean Nusselt number and mean skin friction are found to be maximum for the sinusoidal surface and minimum for the triangular one. The heat transfer and skin friction by the flat surface are much less than that of all three undulated surfaces.
Importance of Nonequilibrium Modeling for Compressors
Authors: Spencer Robert , Przytarski Pawel , Adami Paolo , Grothe Patrick , Wheeler Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the importance of nonequilibrium boundary-layer modeling for three compressor blade geometries, using RANS and high-fidelity simulations. We find that capturing nonequilibrium effects in RANS is crucial to capturing the correct boundary-layer loss. This is because the production of turbulence within the nonequilibrium region affects both the loss generation in the nonequilibrium region, but also the final equilibrium state. We show that capturing the correct nonequilibrium behavior is possible by adapting industry standard models (in this case the k–ω SST model). We show that for the range of cases studied here, nonequilibrium effects can modify the trailing-edge momentum thickness by up to 40% and can change the trailing-edge shape factor from 1.8 to 2.1.
Adidas × Parley: An Exploration of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Global Plastic Crisis
Authors: Murfree Jessica R. , Police Chelsea C. 
Published: June 2022

In 2021, Adidas celebrated the sixth anniversary of its partnership with Parley for the Oceans (Parley), an organization dedicated to reducing oceanic pollution by repurposing recovered plastic, like fishing nets and plastic bottles. The athletic retail titan has demonstrated a commitment to fighting the issue of plastic waste in the fashion and sport industries. This partnership led to Adidas’ adoption of Parley’s plastic mitigation strategy, AIR: avoid, intercept, and redesign, and serves as an example of how some sport organizations have incorporated environmental concerns into their overall corporate social responsibility initiatives. Serving in the role of Adidas’ Assistant Director of Global Partnerships, students are challenged to understand environmental concerns sport organizations face and propel this partnership forward in new, innovative, and creative ways. Because of their global influence and visibility, sport entities should be particularly invested in their perceived corporate social responsibility as it relates to the natural environment, while also understanding how their business contributes directly to environmental issues. Students will gain an understanding of environmental sustainability within corporate social responsibility, while (a) assessing Adidas’ efforts to strategically combat the world’s plastic pollution crisis and (b) identifying additional avenues for sport organizations to promote environmental sustainability.
Lifting Velocity as a Predictor of the Maximum Number of Repetitions That Can Be Performed to Failure During the Prone Bench Pull Exercise
Authors: Miras-Moreno Sergio , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To explore (1) the goodness of fit of generalized and individualized relationships between the maximum number of repetitions performed to failure (RTF) and the fastest mean velocity and peak velocity of the sets (RTF–velocity relationships), (2) the between-sessions reliability of mean velocity and peak velocity values associated with different RTFs, and (3) whether the errors in the prediction of the RTF under fatigued and nonfatigued conditions differ between generalized and individualized RTF–velocity relationships. Methods: Twenty-three sport-science students performed 4 testing sessions with the prone bench pull exercise in a Smith machine: a 1-repetition-maximum [1RM] session, 2 identical sessions consisting of singles sets of RTF against 4 randomized loads (60%–70%–80%–90%1RM), and 1 session consisting of 4 sets of RTF against the 75%1RM. Results: Individualized RTF–velocity relationships presented a higher goodness of fit (r2 = .96–.97 vs .67–.70) and accuracy (absolute errors = 2.1–2.9 repetitions vs 2.8–4.3 repetitions) in the prediction of the RTF than generalized RTF–velocity relationships. The reliability of the velocity values associated with different RTFs was generally high (average within-subject coefficient of variation = 4.01% for mean velocity and 3.98% for peak velocity). The error in the prediction of the RTF increased by ~1 repetition under fatigue (ie, set 1 vs sets 2–4). Conclusions: Individualized RTF–velocity relationships can be used with acceptable precision and reliability to prescribe the loads associated with a given RTF during the match a specific XRM during the prone bench pull exercise, but a lower accuracy is expected in a fatigued state.
A National Implementation Approach for Exercise as Usual Care in Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology: Network ActiveOncoKids
Authors: Götte Miriam , Söntgerath Regine , Gauß Gabriele , Wiskemann Joachim , Buždon Mirko , Kesting Sabine 
Published: June 2022

The diagnosis of cancer as well as accompanying acute and late effects of treatment are influencing physical activity behavior of patients with childhood cancer and survivors. Research has shown that a pediatric cancer diagnosis is associated with impairments of physical performance, and function, as well as reduced physical, and psychosocial, health conditions. From an ethical perspective, lack of knowledge of health care providers, lack of physical activity promotion, and environmental, and structural barriers to physical activity restrict children’s right to move and actively engage in physical activities. Network ActiveOncoKids is a German-wide initiative with the main goal of enabling children, adolescents, and young adults with exercise opportunities during and after cancer treatment. Since the network’s foundation in 2012, Network ActiveOncoKids focuses on: (1) physical activity support for patients and families, (2) policy change to establish structures and guidelines, and (3) generating evidence through scientific projects. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of Network ActiveOncoKids structure, aims, and projects. This topical review will highlight the network’s structural development, research work, and implementation progress of exercise programs for patients with pediatric cancer and survivors, link international collaborations, and discuss future directions.