bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Twisted Magnetic Field of the Protobinary L483
Authors: Cox Erin G. , Novak Giles , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Looney Leslie W. , Lee Dennis , Berthoud Marc , Bourke Tyler L. , Coudé Simon , Encalada Frankie , Fissel Laura M. , Harrison Rachel , Houde Martin , Li Zhi-Yun , Myers Philip C. , Pattle Kate , Santos Fabio P. , Stephens Ian W. , Wang Hailin , Wolf Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present H-band (1.65 μm) and SOFIA HAWC+ 154 μm polarization observations of the low-mass core L483. Our H-band observations reveal a magnetic field that is overwhelmingly in the E–W direction, which is approximately parallel to the bipolar outflow that is observed in scattered IR light and in single-dish 12CO observations. From our 154 μm data, we infer a ∼45° twist in the magnetic field within the inner 5″ (1000 au) of L483. We compare these new observations with published single-dish 350 μm polarimetry and find that the 10,000 au scale H-band data match the smaller-scale 350 μm data, indicating that the collapse of L483 is magnetically regulated on these larger scales. We also present high-resolution 1.3 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of L483 that reveals it is a close binary star with a separation of 34 au. The plane of the binary of L483 is observed to be approximately parallel to the twisted field in the inner 1000 au. Comparing this result to the ∼1000 au protostellar envelope, we find that the envelope is roughly perpendicular to the 1000 au HAWC+ field. Using the data presented, we speculate that L483 initially formed as a wide binary and the companion star migrated to its current position, causing an extreme shift in angular momentum thereby producing the twisted magnetic field morphology observed. More observations are needed to further test this scenario.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Performance of the Tourism Sector in Sri Lanka: A Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Samarasekara U. , Deshika N. P. T. , Dissanayake D. H. S. W. 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of the tourism sector in Sri Lanka. There is a dearth of studies that have used a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry. The impact of COVID-19 on the performance is measured by developing a BSC including; financial, customer, learning and growth, and internal business indicators. This study collects primary data using a questionnaire from 110 tourist accommodation providers. Initially, the reliability and validity of the questionnaires are ensured and conducted the descriptive analysis to measure the impact on the performance. In addition, due to the lack of normality in the data set of this study, the Kruskal Wallis test was performed to analyze the difference in performance between the number of employees, star ratings, and the number of years in existence. The findings revealed that there is a high-level impact on all performance indicators. In addition, the impact of COVID-19 does not change according to the number of employees and the star rating but there is a difference in financial performance with the number of years in existence. The findings of this study create the BSC to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry which adds new knowledge to stakeholder theory. The methodology, findings, and recommendations of the study are academically and professionally significant for a variety of hotel sector firms, the tourist board, and policymakers.
Volterra-type operators on the minimal Möbius-invariant space
Authors: Xie Huayou , Liu Junming , Ponnusamy Saminathan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this note, we mainly study operator-theoretic properties on the Besov space
$B_{1}$
on the unit disk. This space is the minimal Möbius-invariant space. First, we consider the boundedness of Volterra-type operators. Second, we prove that Volterra-type operators belong to the Deddens algebra of a composition operator. Third, we obtain estimates for the essential norm of Volterra-type operators. Finally, we give a complete characterization of the spectrum of Volterra-type operators.
Sex Differences in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Outcomes in Mali, West Africa
Authors: Dabitao Djeneba , Somboro Amadou , Sanogo Ibrahim , Diarra Bassirou , Achenbach Chad J. , Holl Jane L. , Baya Bocar , Sanogo Moumine , Wague Mamadou , Coulibaly Nadie , Kone Mahamadou , Drame Hawa Baye , Tolofoudie Mohamed , Kone Bourahima , Diarra Ayouba , Coulibaly Mamadou D. , Saliba-Shaw Kathryn , Toloba Yacouba , Diakite Mahamadou , Doumbia Seydou , Klein Sabra L. , Bishai William R. , Diallo Souleymane , Murphy Robert L. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Men and women often respond differently to infectious diseases and their treatments. Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening communicable disease that affects more men than women globally. Whether male sex is an independent risk factor for unfavorable TB outcomes, however, has not been rigorously investigated in an African context, where individuals are likely exposed to different microbial and environmental factors. We analyzed data collected from a cohort study in Mali by focusing on newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB individuals who were treatment naive. We gathered baseline demographic, clinical, and microbiologic characteristics before treatment initiation and also at three time points during treatment. More males than females were affected with TB, as evidenced by a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. In addition, at baseline, males had a significantly higher bacterial count and shorter time to culture positivity as compared with females. Male sex was associated with lower smear negativity rate after 2 months of treatment also known as the intensive phase of treatment, but not at later time points. There was no relationship between patients’ sex and mortality from any cause during treatment. This study suggests that sex-based differences in TB outcomes exist, with sex-specific effects on disease outcomes being more pronounced before treatment initiation and during the intensive phase of treatment rather than at later phases of treatment.
Gut Resistome after Antibiotics among Children with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oldenburg Catherine E. , Hinterwirth Armin , Ourohiré Millogo , Dah Clarisse , Ouédraogo Moussa , Sié Ali , Boudo Valentin , Chen Cindi , Ruder Kevin , Zhong Lina , Lebas Elodie , Nyatigo Fanice , Arnold Benjamin F. , O’Brien Kieran S. , Doan Thuy 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
A broad-spectrum antibiotic, typically amoxicillin, is included in many country guidelines as part of the management of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children without overt clinical symptoms of infection. Alternative antibiotics may be beneficial for children with SAM without increasing selection for beta-lactam resistance. We conducted a 1:1 randomized controlled trial of single dose azithromycin versus a 7-day course of amoxicillin for SAM. Children 6–59 months of age with uncomplicated SAM (mid-upper arm circumference < 11.5 cm and/or weight-for-height Z-score < −3) were enrolled in Boromo District, Burkina Faso, from June through October 2020. Rectal swabs were collected at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment and processed using DNA-Seq. We compared the resistome at the class level in children randomized to azithromycin compared with amoxicillin. We found no evidence of a difference in the distribution of genetic antibiotic resistance determinants to any antibiotic class 8 weeks after treatment. There was no difference in genetic macrolide resistance determinants (65% azithromycin, 65% placebo, odds ratio, OR, 1.00, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.43–2.34) or beta-lactam resistance determinants (82% azithromycin, 83% amoxicillin, OR 0.94, 95% CI, 0.33–2.68) at 8 weeks. Although presence of genetic antibiotic resistance determinants to macrolides and beta-lactams was common, we found no evidence of a difference in the gut resistome 8 weeks after treatment. If there are earlier effects of antibiotics on selection for genetic antibiotic resistance determinants, the resistome may normalize by 8 weeks.
Getting on the Same Page: A Quality Improvement Project to Enhance Nurse-to-Resident Communications and Reduce Overnight Sleep Interruptions
Authors: Fisher Renae , Chaggar Rajbir , Zenger Anthony , Hamilton Susan , Carter William 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Many residency programs utilize “home call” residents who answer hospital communications and place orders from home. Often, residents are required to live nearby and arrive in-person if needed. Residents work normal daytime work hours while on home call, which can last several nights. This disrupts sleep and creates the potential for increased resident fatigue and patient safety issues.

Objective
To implement and evaluate a novel program to reduce non-urgent overnight pages from nurses to home call physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents between 11 pm and 6 am.

Methods
At an inpatient acute rehabilitation unit in a tertiary care university teaching hospital, we implemented a 2-step prospective quality improvement study with interventions derived from nurse-physician meetings implemented 9 months apart in 2018 and 2019. The first intervention was a centralized nightly handoff sheet. The second intervention was to display suggested PRN medication lists in resident workrooms. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of nights with non-urgent pages between 11 pm and 6 am. Tracking urgent pages and 7-10 am emergent pages were used as balancing measures.

Results
A total of 1835 text-based nursing pages (366 pre- and 1469 post-intervention) were received and categorized by content, urgency, and timing over a 17-month period. Post-intervention, there was a stable 25% decrease in nighttime non-urgent pages. The most common hour to be paged shifted from 11 pm to 8 pm. Pain, constipation, insomnia, and nausea were the most common complaints overnight.

Conclusions
By characterizing and studying nighttime pages, residents collaborated with nighttime nursing staff through structured meetings to reduce non-urgent nighttime pages for more than 1 year.
Trust Me, I Know Them: Assessing Interpersonal Bias in Surgery Residency Interviews
Authors: Towaij Chelsea , Gawad Nada , Alibhai Kameela , Doan Danielle , Raîche Isabelle 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Residency selection integrates objective and subjective data sources. Interviews help assess characteristics like insight and communication but have the potential for bias. Structured multiple mini-interviews may mitigate some elements of bias; however, a halo effect is described in assessments of medical trainees, and degree of familiarity with applicants may remain a source of bias in interviews.

Objective
To investigate the extent of interviewer bias that results from pre-interview knowledge of the applicant by comparing file review and interview scores for known versus unknown applicants.

Methods
File review and interview scores of applicants to the University of Ottawa General Surgery Residency Training Program from 2019 to 2021 were gathered retrospectively. Applicants were categorized as “home” if from the institution, “known” if they completed an elective at the institution, or “unknown.” The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare median interview scores between groups and Spearman's rank-order correlation (rs) to determine the correlation between file review and interview scores.

Results
Over a 3-year period, 169 applicants were interviewed; 62% were unknown, 31% were known, and 6% were home applicants. There was a statistically significant difference (P=.01) between the median interview scores of home, known, and unknown applicants. Comparison of groups demonstrated higher positive correlations between file review and interview scores (rs=0.15 vs 0.36 vs 0.55 in unknown, known, and home applicants) with increasing applicant familiarity.

Conclusions
There is an increased positive correlation between file review and interview scores with applicant familiarity. The interview process may carry inherent bias insufficiently mitigated by the current structure.
AuduBon-Bons: Bite-Sized Learning for Residents in the Ambulatory Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic
Authors: Will Elizabeth M. , Altchek Chloe L. , Shukla Hemangi P. , Ratan Rini B. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
While most medical education happens in the inpatient setting, the vast majority of medicine is practiced in the outpatient setting. Graduates from our obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) program consistently report lower confidence and comfort in the ambulatory, as opposed to inpatient, setting.

Objective
To describe and evaluate a novel curriculum, delivered in an ambulatory clinic covering ambulatory care topics, and to assess its feasibility in a single site OB/GYN residency program.

Methods
We created an ambulatory curriculum, comprising short modules delivered in the ambulatory clinic during the first 15 minutes of every half-day clinic session. Modules were delivered using a flipped classroom format with pre-session assignments during the 2019-2020 academic year. Outcomes were residents' pre- and post-session comfort and confidence and module developers' time to create the curriculum. Time tracking was performed.

Results
On average, 11 residents were present for the teaching session weekly. Twenty-four residents and 6 faculty were eligible to complete pre- and post-session surveys. For every weekly session, the average resident comfort level and the average resident confidence level with the module's topic increased from the pre-module survey to the post-module survey. Residents completed pre-module assignments 64.8% (236 of 364) of the time, and of residents who completed the pre-work, 89.4% (211 of 236) reported it was useful. Average survey completion rate was 70.5% (1398 of 1984).

Conclusions
We showed that it is feasible to create and implement an ambulatory curriculum for residents in OB/GYN, and this curriculum increased resident's comfort and confidence with ambulatory practice.
Overextending: A Qualitative Study of Trainees Learning at the Edge of Evolving Expertise
Authors: Kshetrapal Anisha , Teunissen Pim W. , Eppich Walter J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The challenge of graduate medical education is to prepare physicians for unsupervised practice while ensuring patient safety. Current approaches may inadequately prepare physicians due to limited opportunities for autonomy. Recent work on how trainees gain autonomy shows that they actively influence their supervisors' entrustment decisions. If program directors more clearly understand how trainees experience increasing independence, they may better sensitize trainees to the deliberations they will face during patient care.

Objective
The authors sought to explore how trainees experience lessening supervision as their clinical training advances.

Methods
Using constructivist grounded theory, the authors recruited trainees from various specialties and training levels via email and conducted 17 semi-structured interviews from 2019 to 2020 to solicit clinical experiences during which their perceived autonomy changed. Through constant comparison and iterative analysis, key themes and conceptual relationships were identified.

Results
Seventeen trainees from 4 specialties described novel clinical situations that required “overextending,” or going beyond their perceived edge of evolving expertise. This move represented a spectrum based on perceived locus of control, from deliberate overextending driven by trainees, to forced overextending driven by external factors. Trainee judgments about whether or not to overextend were distilled into key questions: (1) Can I do it? (2) Must I do it? (3) Do I want to do it? and (4) Is it safe to do it? More advanced trainees posed a fifth question: (5) Am I missing something?

Conclusions
Decisions to move into the realm of uncertainty about capabilities carried weight for trainees. In making deliberative judgments about overextending, they attempted to balance training needs, capability, urgency, and patient safety.
Medical Students’ Perception on Learning Anatomy Online During COVID-19 Pandemic in an Integrated Modular System: Comparison of Online and Face to Face SGDs & Interactive Lectures
Authors: Sibgha Fatima  , Humaira Gulnaz  , Syed Hussain Raza Zaidi  , Saba Saleem  , Zahra Fatima  , Nabila Kaukab  
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced education system worldwide. This change was unusual for both students and anatomists. The present study is conducted to perceive online learning experience of 1st& 2nd year MBBS students in a modular system comparing online SGD & lectures with face to face.
Objectives: To assess how medical students of 1st and 2nd year MBBS perceive the experience of learning Anatomy online in an integrated modular system, their attitude towards online small group discussions (SGD) and online Interactive lectures by comparing with face-to-face learning anatomy.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at University College of Medicine, University of Lahore during academic year of 2021 over a period of six months from March 2021.
Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by using a Questionnaire validated by five medical educationists. The sampling was done by nonprobability convenience technique. For a confidence level of 97%, sample size was 197. A total of 202 students from 1st & 2nd year MBBS, were asked to fill in a Questionnaire with Likert scale of 5, anonymously after taking informed consent, regarding online learning Anatomy through Zoom by comparing online SGD and Interactive lectures with face-to-face learning during COVID-19 pandemic. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 28) software, p value ?0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 202 responses were received of which 197 responses were complete. Of which 56 were from 1styear while 141 were from 2nd Year MBBS. Some students did not answer some questions. Percentages were calculated against student responses, for missing data the percentages were calculated from total number of responses to each question answered. p values calculated were not significant but overall students did not prefer online learning over face to face learning.
Conclusion: Our present study concludes that learning anatomy online is challenging. Overall students did not value online learning more than face-to-face learning in terms of flexibility, freedom, interaction with teachers, lack of hands-on practice and concepts, although they enjoyed the leisure of self-study with whole study material available to them at any time.
Is Coriandrum sativum Hypolipidemic in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats?
Authors: Hafiza Hina Pasha  , Uzma Jabbar  , Ambreen Anjum  , Aasia Kanwal  , Chaman Nasrullah  , Aisha Bashir  , Hamid Javed Qureshi  
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a widely recognized metabolic condition. Due to various side effects of currently available medicines, studies have reported the use of many plants in various areas for the traditional management of diabetes.
Aims & Objectives: To determine the effects of Coriandum sativum seeds on lipid profile in diabetic rats.
Place and duration of study: This experimental research was conducted at Physiology Department, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Lahore from August 2013 to January, 2014.
Material & Methods: Ninety rats were randomly distributed into three groups of (n=30) each. Group A was healthy control, group B was disease control and group C was diabetic experimental which was treated with Coriandrum sativum with a single dosage of 250 mg/kg of body weight/day through a gavage tube for 28 days. On next day, 4-5ml blood was collected through heart from each rat. The markers evaluated were high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Data was analyzed by using SPSS version16 , p value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The experimental group showed highly significant (p=0.000) lower levels of serum LDL (25.47±3.90mg/dl), serum cholesterol (100.33±2.81 mg/dl), serum triglyceride (96.97±4.79 mg/dl) and serum VLDL (19.40±0.97 mg/dl) as compared to healthy control and disease control group. The level of serum high density lipoprotein revealed (55.27±3.69 mg/dl) highly significant rise (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Oral administration of Coriandrum sativum has revealed the lipid lowering impacts in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Methods for determining metal ion leaching from glass cullet using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Mathews Julia , Blitz Emily , Echevarria Kathryn , Mader Jordan , Testa Maurice , Murray Kayla 
Published: June 2022

Glass cullet (recycled or broken glass) has been proposed to replace dredged sediment in beach and river recovery processes after severe weather events. Dredging of the ocean floor to replace lost sediment on beaches has led to many negative environmental impacts, such as disturbance of marine ecosystems, notably the death of both animal and plant life near coastlines. The majority of cullet that has been proposed for replacement of dredged sediment is float glass, not bottle glass that could be obtained from a recycling center. This research project focused on developing an efficient method of quantitatively measuring leaching of metal ions from recycled bottle glass cullet, which is the main concern with long-term use of these materials. A standard concentration of brine was used to incubate the glass cullet, with sample aliquots removed at different exposure times. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to determine the concentration of metal ions leached out of green cullet from multiple samples. An average concentration of 23.43 ppm of chromium ions was detected after green glass cullet was exposed to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for five weeks.
The Response of 3D Printed Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy Drugs
Authors: Garg Saanvi , Hunt M. 
Published: June 2022

3D culture of breast cancer cells gives researchers a better understanding of how cells behave in the human body and a better representation of their response to cancer therapy compared to 2D. Breast cancer cells also interact with other cell types in the body, including endothelial cells in the blood vessels. While endothelial cells have been co-cultured with breast cells to study tissue growth/development, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis, 3D breast structures have not been used to study cancer metabolism- accomplished with this project. The purpose is to determine how cell metabolism changes in A) 2D vs. 3D culture; B) monoculture vs. co-culture; and C) no treatment vs. Paclitaxel treatment. I hypothesize that Paclitaxel will have a greater effect on cell metabolism when breast cells are co-cultured with endothelial cells. Data was collected with three varying techniques, 2D Monolayer Printing, Manual 3D Hydrogel, and 3D Printing. The 3D Printed data displayed increased efficiency between trials of the same cell type and could be used to develop new drugs in a low-cost and efficient manner. The most important finding is with both 3D techniques, the absorbance had a further decrease for the Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) co-culture with cancerous cells than the 2D data. The metabolism of cancer cells is approximately eight times greater than normal cells, so decreasing the absorbance in cancer cells over noncancerous cells has a greater impact. 3D cell structures are essential to create co-cultures to study and develop drugs with cell interactions using endothelial cells.