bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dante as Visual Artist
Authors: Webb Heather 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere has been much recent work studying how medieval programmes of visual arts were designed to inspire penitential action. Picking up from that work, this second chapter sets out a methodology for drawing parallels between such structured viewing and experience of visual art and the ways in which gestural episodes are presented in the Commedia within programmes or itineraries through the architectural space of the poem. The chapter considers Giotto’s Scrovegni Chapel, the mosaics of the Baptistery of San Giovanni of Florence, and other programmes of visual art alongside discussions of medieval devotional practices enabled by texts such as The Meditations on the Life of Christ and Dante’s Commedia. If we take the Commedia as a work also to be viewed, then new methodologies for reading texts as visual programmes can emerge from dialogue with visual culture studies.
Fixity and Flexibility
Authors: Webb Heather 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter proposes a gestural reading of Visitation imagery for Ante-purgatory. The gestures and poses depicted in Inferno are thrown into question by the ‘new’ ethical and spiritual systems of the second canticle. Farinata’s infernal unbending and unyielding posture in the face of his neighbour’s suffering is visually countered with models of inclination towards the suffering of others in Purgatorio and Paradiso. Ante-purgatory is a key site where two gestural practices that correspond to diverging ethical attitudes come into contrast. Focusing on Purgatorio 5 and 6, this chapter examines choreographies of appeal and response that model different ideals of human virtue poised between classical and Christian examples in visual and literary art.
Asymmetrical Affections
Authors: Webb Heather 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter considers what becomes of the purgatorial mode of inclination towards the other in Paradiso, focusing on the asymmetries of affect staged between Dante and the blessed souls he encounters, especially Beatrice and Cacciaguida. In Paradiso, where the luminosity of the souls renders them almost invisible in any detail to the narrating eye, the reader’s attention is sharply focused on the dynamism of souls reaching towards Dante with affection. This chapter reads these gestures of affection in Dante’s text with Botticelli’s drawings as commentary, a commentary that takes those gestures as the exclusive subject for the comprehension of the Paradiso and the work of vision that takes place there.
Introduction
Authors: Hultgård Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of the book is presented, which is to settle unresolved issues in the scholarship on ‘Ragnarök’, understood as the end and renewal of the world in Norse myth. These questions include the question of influence from Christianity or whether the Ragnarök myth is an expression of an older, native tradition; how such a native tradition arose and how old it is; and the spread and social context of the Ragnarök myth. The notion of ‘Ragnarök’ is analysed with emphasis on the meaning of the Old Norse røk. The medieval and modern reception of the term Ragnarök is briefly discussed. An outline of the research history structured thematically is given, introducing three main lines of thinking. The first sees the Ragnarök myth as a confluence of two or more myths that were separate from the beginning. The second interprets the Ragnarök myth against an Indo-European background. The third main line allots Christianity a decisive amount of influence. Finally, the importance of the comparative approach is underlined.
Vǫluspá
Authors: Hultgård Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter includes a detailed study of Vǫluspá, stanzas 39‒66, preceded by remarks on the poem’s origins, date, and extant textual versions. The question of Christian influence is addressed but the author considers it to be very slight. Previous interpretations and characteristic features of the poem are noted. Three independent strands of tradition are accepted, represented by Codex Regius, Hauksbók, and Snorri’s citations, respectively. These are translated and presented in parallel columns, followed by a philological commentary. The problem of stanza 66 is particularly discussed. The author concludes that the stanza belongs to the poem’s framework rather than the seeress’s vision.
Poetry and Mythographies
Authors: Hultgård Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Further sources of the Ragnarök myth are investigated. The eddic poem of Vafþrúðnismál provides a coherent description of what will happen at the end of the world. Allusions to the myth are also found in Grímnismál, Hyndluljóð, and Lokasenna. In addition, two 10th-century skaldic poems, Eiríksmál and Hákonarmál, present the earliest evidence for the Ragnarök tradition. The Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson compiled in the 1220s is the first to tell the story of Ragnarök as a coherent myth. All these texts are translated and commented upon. The shorter version of the Uppsala Edda is paralleled with that of the other medieval manuscripts. The Ragnarök myth appears to occupy a prominent place in Snorri’s mythography. The story of the battle at Bravellir as an eschatological myth is discarded.
The Comparative Contexts
Authors: Hultgård Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The various contexts which form the comparative background to the Ragnarök myth are presented. These are limited to the religions of ancient Europe and Western Asia on the basis of cultural and geographical grounds. The textual sources of these contexts are introduced in more detail. Since the myth was handed down in a Christian milieu, this context is first discussed. Old Norse and Old English homilies constitute important comparative material, as well as epic poetry in Old German and Old English language. Christian apocalyptic traditions from Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages contribute to the understanding of the Ragnarök myth. Early Islam, represented by the Qur’ān, is marked by the impending Judgement Day. Celtic and Graeco-Roman conceptions bearing on the end of the world are analysed. Finally, the cosmic eschatology of ancient Iran provides a most illuminating comparative tradition.
The Signs of the End and the Final Battle
Authors: Hultgård Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With this chapter the comparative analysis begins. Snorri’s account in Gylfaginning 51‒3 provides the thematic structure of the comparisons. The signs of the end and the cosmic upheavals announce the coming events. Monster animals and demonic beings that have been fettered are now let loose. In Jewish and Christian traditions we encounter Leviathan, Satan, and Antichrist. Iranian mythology features the ferocious dragon Azi Dahaka who will be killed by the hero Thraetaona (Middle Persian: Frēdōn). The Iranian myth shows striking similarities with the Scandinavian story about the wolf Fenrir. Scandinavian and Iranian ideas of heavenly warriors are compared to Christian conceptions where the martyrs are the warriors. The decisive moment comes with the great final battle. Its description once again unites Scandinavian myth with Iranian tradition.
Abouloff v Oppenheimer Revisited
Authors: Dickinson Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter tackles Lord Lawrence Collins' essay on the opinion of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) in AK Investment CJSC v Kyrgyz Mobil Tel Ltd. The case of AK Investment involved enforcing a Kyrgyz judgment in the Isle of Man High Court. The case riddled with personal jurisdiction questions affected the Court of Appeal decision regarding Abouloff v Oppenheimer & Co. While questioning the requirements for service beyond jurisdictions, the Board considered the Court's jurisdiction on cross-claims brought by the judgment debtor against some foreign parties. The interests of justice and demands of comity would be served better if Courts started taking Collins' suggestion of nuanced approaches.
Discovery, Arbitration, and 28 USC §1782
Authors: Silberman Linda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses whether 28 USC § 1782, which provides for US judicial assistance to obtain evidence for use in foreign or international proceedings, extends to investor-state and/or private commercial arbitral tribunals. The first (and only) Supreme Court interpretation of § 1782 came in 2004 in Intel Corp v Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Intel involved an application by AMD, a US company, seeking discovery from Intel, another US company, in connection with a complaint that AMD had filed against Intel in the European Commission, alleging a violation of European competition law. An initial question before the district court was whether the Directorate General for Competition that was undertaking the initial investigation was a ‘tribunal’ at all so as to fall within § 1782. A second question was whether a ‘foreign-discoverability or admissibility’ rule should be imposed as a prerequisite to issuing an order to obtain information. In the aftermath of the Supreme Court’s decision in Intel, numerous commentators read the Court’s opinion to suggest that private arbitral tribunals are indeed within the scope of § 1782. The chapter then draws some comparisons with practice in the United Kingdom, looking at § 7 of the Federal Arbitration Act and the 1996 English Arbitration Act.
National Obstinacy and International Conventions
Authors: McClean David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how the ingrained ideas of the common law can affect, and distort, the interpretation of a civil law text. The text is article 17 of the two international conventions that have, since 1929, governed the liability of carriers by air: the Warsaw Convention of 1929 and the Montreal Convention of 1999. The point of article 17 is that the claimants (the injured passenger or the dependants of a deceased passenger) do not have to prove fault on the part of the pilot or the owner or operator of the aircraft. So far as article 17 is concerned, the presence or absence of fault is quite immaterial. A part of that is that the claimants do not have to produce the highly technical evidence needed to prove, for example, that the aircraft was defective or that its operation was in some way negligent. However, the cases so often seem to require the claimant to prove just that, that there was some abnormality in the aircraft, its operation, or the behaviour of the crew; otherwise the claim fails.
Adverbial Phrases
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines one area of nominal syntax; that is adverbial phrases. Greek and Coptic clearly diverge in this area with Greek drawing on both prepositional phrases and plain cases, whereas Coptic can only utilize the former option. The chapter is divided into three parts: Section 6.1 applies the concept of constructions to adverbial phrases. Section 6.2 details deviations by type of error. Section 6.3 evaluates the distribution of the observed errors against the predictor variables set out in Chapter 2. Section 6.4 briefly reviews some avoidance patterns relevant to the syntax of adverbial phrases.
Discourse Markers
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 is concerned with the organization of discourse. Classical and post-classical subordinators, coordinators, and particles are considered. Discourse-organisational trends in post-classical Greek, Coptic a4nd colloquial discourse more generally coincide, such that positive transfer and/or reinforcement is more frequent than in other areas of the morphosyntax. The chapter is divided into four parts. Section 7.1 describes and contextualizes the differences between Greek and Coptic discourse organization. Section 7.2 details deviations by type of error. Section 7.3 evaluates the distribution of the observed errors against the predictor variables set out in Chapter 2. Section 7.4 presents avoidance patterns relevant to the syntax of clause-linkage.
Formulaic Language
Authors: Fendel Victoria Beatrix Maria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8 explores the 399 formulaic sections of our texts. The epistolary frame is a fixed set of formulae, the presence of which marks a text as a ‘letter’. The chapter is divided into five parts: Section 8.1 introduces the concept of a formula and highlights the differences between the Greek and Coptic epistolary frames. Section 8.2 describes the standard patterns and established variants and variations of each relevant formula. Section 8.3 contains the analysis of errors, both phraseological and grammatical. Section 8.4 evaluates the distribution of the observed errors against the predictor variables set out in Chapter 2. Section 8.5 presents errors regarding the syntax of personal names in formulaic contexts.
The Tinkering Mind
Authors: Vierkant Tillmann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Epistemic agency is a crucial concept in many different areas of philosophy and the cognitive sciences. It is crucial in dual process theories of cognition as well as theories of metacognition and mindreading, self-control, and moral agency. But what is epistemic agency? This book argues that epistemic agency has two distinct and incompatible definitions: it can either be understood as intentional mental action, or as a distinct non-voluntary form of evaluative agency. The core argument of the book demonstrates that both definitions lead to surprising and counterintuitive consequences. If epistemic agency is a form of intentional action, then this implies that the radical theory of extended cognition must be true. If, on the other hand, epistemic agency is not intentional action but evaluative agency, then intentional epistemic actions like deliberation are not truly cognitive but merely catalytic. Once established, the distinction between these two options sheds new light on various and diverse philosophical and psychological debates from dual process theories to debates on choice and self-control.
Response-Dependence and Aesthetic Theory
Authors: King Alex 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Response-dependence theories have historically been very popular in aesthetics, and aesthetic response-dependence has motivated response-dependence in ethics. This chapter closely examines the prospects for such theories. It breaks this category down into dispositional and fittingness strands of response-dependence, corresponding to descriptive and normative ideal observer theories. It argues that the latter have advantages over the former but are not themselves without issue. Special attention is paid to the relationship between hedonism and response-dependence. The chapter also introduces two aesthetic properties that lead to wrong kinds of reasons problems for aesthetic response-dependence: insightfulness and the capacity to change one’s perspective. These properties do not have obvious parallels in the ethical domain, and so present an obstacle for response-dependence even in aesthetics. The chapter ends by examining replies on behalf of the response-dependence theorist, ultimately suggesting that a restricted form of response-dependence is the most promising way forward for fans of such theories.
Unconditional Care in Context
Authors: Sprinson John S. , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Unconditional Care in Context examines the multiple, interacting social adversities that confront system-involved families and children and argues that intervention with these young people regularly fails to acknowledge the effects of these challenges. Assessment and treatment practices often focus only on relational and behavioral forces at work within individual children and their families. The book reviews the ways in which intervention in the child welfare, public behavioral health, education, and juvenile justice systems omits the daily realities of lives that are constrained and disrupted by the injuries of racism, the limitations imposed by poverty, the threat of eviction and homelessness, the danger of community violence and crime, and the compounding effects of social disconnection and isolation. These challenges never operate in isolation and are never brief or fleeting. Instead, for many system-involved families they are chronic and cumulative and amplify each other. They also can infiltrate internal life and undermine the developing child’s sense of personal agency and value. Unconditional Care in Context reviews the tangled effects of multiple social adversities and offers a roadmap to reclaiming these problems as appropriate, vital concerns of human service agencies and their workers. It offers concrete recommendations for “ecologically informed practice” at the level of the family, at the level of schools and communities, and at the level of state and national policy. Current examples of program innovations and policy initiatives that move in this direction are reviewed.
Introduction
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The introduction outlines the book’s goal of more fully elaborating the concept of “the ecological stream.” The introduction details several foundational issues critical to working with families in a way that attends to the real circumstances of their lives. These include a value base for working with social context, the importance of attending to workers’ and clients’ social locations, problems of collaborating with public child-serving systems, the multiple potential levels of ecological intervention, and the importance of an enlarged perspective that attends to place and history. Finally, the domains of ecological risk covered in the book are presented. These include poverty, racism, housing, place or community, food and sleep, health and health care, social connectedness, the internalization of adversity, and systems themselves as sources of risk and harm.
Place
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the role of place or neighborhood in the lives of children and families who become involved with child-serving systems. Like housing, place has both a concrete, physical expression as well as psychological and emotional meanings. The chapter argues that many system-involved families reside in neighborhoods in which multiple ecological challenges are concentrated. This clustering of adversity illustrates how the effects of social context are multidimensional and play out over time. Local communities are described as places in which poverty, racism, deterioration of housing stock, underfunded schools, and environmental risk all interact. Effects on school readiness, academic achievement, exposure to loss and violence, access to supportive social networks and employment are reviewed. This complex machinery of adversity is found to be associated with maltreatment and entry into the child welfare system.
Systems as Ecological Adversities
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ways in which the public agencies tasked with supporting children and families can, despite having important missions and committed employees, add to the ecological burden confronting the families they serve. These agencies have complex functions that are sometimes internally contradictory or conflict with the roles of other public agencies. The chapter reviews a series of problems with how services are conceived, funded, and delivered that result in added stress and problematic outcomes for children and families. These problems include siloed and duplicative services, interventions that are purely reactive and require children and families to fail in some way before receiving support, services that are aimed only at individuals and families and not at problems of social context, and funding streams that push providers to define problems in purely diagnostic terms. Finally, these systems are not apart from the rest of society, so inevitably they reproduce injuries of race and class.
The Internalization of Adversity
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with how events and forces in the external world—the various ecological adversities that have been discussed in prior chapters—can become internalized in the form of shame, erosion of a sense of personal agency, and loss of self-esteem. This internalization is seen as compounding the multiple direct effects of problems of social context. The chapter discusses the various negative social representations of racial groups, low-income people, and sexual minorities that circulate in American society and are regularly transmitted in media accounts, policy debates, and political discourse. Workers and policymakers in child-serving systems are not immune to these narratives, and they can affect how clients are viewed and treated and can inform policymaking. The internalization of such narratives may create additional barriers for clients that go well beyond the concrete constraints and injuries that already disrupt their relationships, their communities, and their family lives.
Some General Principles of Ecological Intervention
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the history of shifting efforts to address contextual variables in the various mental health disciplines and takes the position that attention to ecological challenges must always be present in work with system-involved families. It proposes that this work can progress on the micro level (engaging directly with clients around ecological challenges present in their lives), the meso level (working to make changes in settings such as schools and local child-serving systems and agencies to develop prevention programs), and the macro (engaging with broader issues of policy, the design of child-serving systems, program innovation, and problems in the delivery and configuration of services).
Ecological Intervention at the Micro Level
Authors: Sprinson John , Berrick Ken 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of ecologically informed care, an approach to practice with individuals and families that calls attention to the multiple pathways by which ecological adversities contribute to the symptoms and behaviors of system-involved children. The chapter outlines general principles of this work and then offers a social-ecological approach to assessment that notes both process challenges and content areas that can be pursued (e.g., experiences of racism and discrimination, experiences with law enforcement, housing issues, problems paying bills, level of social connectedness). The importance of including ecological challenges in clinical formulations is stressed. Intervention is discussed in terms of working with internalized adversity, providing concrete supports, acting as a co-advocate, and listening for and amplifying narratives of agency and resilience.
Shapers of Islam in Southeast Asia
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the largest Muslim populations in the world today resides in Southeast Asia. The region has also produced its own pedigree of reformers who have critiqued the limits of Islamic thought and propounded new lines of thinking on the road to constructing a better ummah. Shapers of Islam in Southeast Asia captures the progressive and pluralistic nature of Islamic reformism in Southeast Asia from the mid-twentieth century onward, a period that can now be regarded as the age of networked Islam. Offering a fresh conceptualization that could be well applied in other parts of the Islamic world, the book shows how several influential Muslim intellectuals have given rise to an “Islamic reformist mosaic” in Southeast Asia. Representing different strands of reformist thinking, these shapers of Islam form a unified and coherent frame of thought that distinguishes itself from the ultra-traditionalist and ultra-secularist leanings. This fascinating study is indispensable to anyone interested in understanding the challenges facing Islam and other religions in the modern world.