bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics reveals sex‐specific pathways associated with changes in adiposity and muscle mass in a cohort of Mexican adolescents
Authors: Rodríguez‐Carmona Yanelli , Meijer Jennifer L. , Zhou Yiwang , Jansen Erica C. , Perng Wei , Banker Margaret , Song Peter X. K. , Téllez‐Rojo Martha María , Cantoral Alejandra , Peterson Karen E. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundAlterations in body composition (BC) during adolescence relates to future metabolic risk, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear.ObjectivesTo assess the association between the metabolome with changes in adiposity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], triceps skinfold [TS], fat percentage [BF%]) and muscle mass (MM).MethodsIn Mexican adolescents (n = 352), untargeted serum metabolomics was profiled at baseline. and data were reduced by pairing hierarchical clustering with confirmatory factor analysis, yielding 30 clusters with 51 singleton metabolites. At the baseline and follow‐up visits (1.6–3.5 years apart), anthropometry was collected to identify associations between baseline metabolite clusters and change in BC (∆) using seemingly unrelated and linear regression.ResultsBetween visits, MM increased in boys and adiposity increased in girls. Sex differences were observed between metabolite clusters and changes in BC. In boys, aromatic amino acids (AAA), branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and fatty acid oxidation metabolites were associated with increases in ∆BMI, and ∆BF%. Phospholipids were associated with decreases in ∆TS and ∆MM. Negative associations were observed for ∆MM in boys with a cluster including AAA and BCAA, whereas positive associations were found for a cluster containing tryptophan metabolites. Few associations were observed between metabolites and BC change in girls, with one cluster comprising methionine, proline and lipids associated with decreases in ∆BMI, ∆WC and ∆MM.ConclusionSex‐specific associations between the metabolome and change in BC were observed, highlighting metabolic pathways underlying adolescent physical growth.
Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and association with shift working in hospital staff
Authors: Alamdari Homeira , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Abolhasanpour Nasrin , Salehi‐Pourmehr Hanieh , Alamdari Golsa , Jahantabi Elham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhat is the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) among public hospitals staff and association with shift working? The aim of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence and bothersomeness of LUTS and the impact of shift working on its symptoms among the staff of public hospitals. Job condition is one of the main risk factors for LUTS, and almost about three‐quarters of nurses/nursing assistants do not have time to use the toilet during the shift work. Non‐standard shiftwork intensely is associated with various urological complications. Our study reveals new insights on the prevalence of LUTS with more frequency in women shift workers when compared with men. We conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional survey from October 2019 to January 2020. The data were collected from three public hospitals. A total of 228 individuals, 148 females (64.9%), and 80 males (35.1%) were enrolled in the study. After considering the inclusion criteria, for women, the validated version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire for Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ‐FLUTS) and for men, the validated version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ‐MLUTS) were used. LUTS was more prevalent in women (61.1% vs. 44.2%, p = 0.016). In both men and women, the most bothersome symptom was urgency and the most prevalent symptom was nocturia (58.9%, and 43.9%, respectively). A significant relationship was observed between LUTS and shift working in female staff (p = 0.037). Nocturia was found to be the most prevalent symptom in both genders. The highest bothersome issue in men was related to urgency, and in women in addition to urgency, nocturia was another common symptom. However, the bother scores of most symptoms relatively were low. Although the percentage of women with shift working was low the prevalence of LUTS was high in this gender.
Novel strong and tough Ta/TaHfC2 composites with multi‐scale laminated structure
Authors: Xiao Peng , Wang Song , Li Wei , Yu Yiping , Li Hao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTa‐Hf‐C ternary ceramics are good candidates for structural components used in extreme thermal environment. However, intrinsic brittleness greatly restricts their applications in reality. Here, we report a novel TaHfC2‐based composite with superior strength and toughness by employing Ta foil as interlayers to generate a multi‐scale laminated structure together with the in situ formed Ta2C MXene during sintering. Owing to the unique composition and microstructure, the tensile strength, shear strength, fracture toughness (KIC), and work of fracture of Ta/TaHfC2 have reached 233 ± 12 MPa, 64 ± 6 MPa, 13.16 ± 0.03 MPa·m1/2, and 1726 ± 448 J/m2 simultaneously, and all showed substantial increments when compared with TaHfC2 monolithic ceramic and related Ta‐Hf‐C materials as showed in literatures. This study significantly improved the toughness of TaHfC2, and it provides a new high‐performance thermal structural material for the aerospace industry as well as a new idea for toughening ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) of transition metal carbides.
Analysis of school students' misconceptions about basic programming concepts
Authors: Žanko Žana , Mladenović Monika , Krpan Divna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ContextMost studies about programming misconceptions are conducted at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Since the age level for starting learning programming is getting lower, there is a need for determining programming misconceptions for younger learners.ObjectiveOur goal is to determine programming misconceptions and their time‐resistance for programming novices at the K‐12 level using Python as a text‐based programming language.MethodWe conducted research in the school settings during informatics classes among 98 fifth‐grade students in three elementary schools. We analysed the data collected from two Python tests students took immediately after programming lectures and 5 months later.Results and ConclusionsWe detected seven misconceptions: (a) Assigning the expression instead of the calculated value, (b) When reassigning the variable value, assigning the sum value to the variable, (c) Using the symbolic name of the variable instead of its value, (d) Using the first (or previously) assigned variable value, (e) Datatype misconception, (f) Sequencing misconception, and (g) Swapping variable values. By shifting focus on variables and spending more time introducing variables and sequencing during teaching, the appearance of known misconceptions is minimized compared to previous findings.
Variation law and prediction model to determine the moisture content in tea during hot air drying
Authors: Duan Dongyao , Ma Fangyan , Zhao Liqing , Yin Yuanyuan , Zheng Yinghui , Xu Xin , Sun Ying , Xue Yiwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo study the changes in the moisture content of tea leaves during the hot air drying process of tea production, this study designed an experiment to monitor the dynamic change of moisture content of rolled green tea during the hot air drying process under different feeding amounts (800–1,200 g), drying temperature (90–120°C), and drum speed (20–30 rpm/min). We established a dynamic prediction model to determine the moisture content using the BP, Elman, and Particle swarm optimization Elman neural network (PSO Elman) algorithms. The prediction calculation was conducted by considering the drying temperature, drum speed, drying initial water, and prediction time as input and the water content prediction result during the tea drying process as the output. Additionally, we analyzed the significant factors to explore the dynamic changes in the water content of tea leaves under different drying conditions. Experimental results showed that the temperature, rotational speed, and feeding rate significantly affected the drying effect. Furthermore, we established a traditional multiple linear regression fitting model was established to compare and analyze with the above three neural network models. The verification and error analysis results of the four water prediction models showed that the PSO–Elman model could better predict the changes in the water content during the drying process.Practical ApplicationsThe change of moisture content in the process of tea hot air drying research can provide a theoretical basis for the hot air drying technology and process of tea, and have important significance for guiding tea processing and production, improving processing efficiency and tea quality.
Research on the temperature field of grain piles in underground grain silos lined with plastic
Authors: Zhang Xiangxiang , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhenqing , Chen Xi , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo investigate the temperature change in grain piles during underground grain storage, this study considers high‐moisture grain, and uses a combination of experiments and numerical simulation to study the change in the temperature field in the underground bin during the static storage and mechanical ventilation phases. The results show that during the static storage stage, grain respiration is strong. The grain pile first begins to heat up at the bottom and gradually forms a high‐temperature heat core; in the mechanical ventilation stage, the grain pile first cools down from the air outlet, and then gradually spreads to the entire silo. Inside, the study found that the diffusion path is related to the air duct setting. After being ventilated for 10 hr, the grain pile temperature in the test silo fell below 10°C from the middle to the bottom of the silo, and only reached 15°C above the return air outlet near the grain‐loading line. An increase in air supply accelerates the temperature decrease in the grain pile; the difference in the initial state of the grain pile has little effect on the cooling effect of mechanical ventilation. In the experiment and simulation, the mechanical ventilation adopts a uniform air supply method, which has a significant effect on reducing the grain pile temperature in the silo.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, a test platform is established for an underground silo lined with plastic. By monitoring the temperature in the test silo, the dynamic temperature changes in the grain pile can be analyzed, and the results are compared with the numerical simulation results to verify the model reliability. The temperature field simulation of grain piles under different conditions lays the foundation, and at the same time provides a basis for formulating relevant measures to achieve safe grain storage.
Combined effects of pectin–plant essential oil coating with vacuum packaging on the quality of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) during iced storage
Authors: Lan Wei‐qing , Lang Ai , Chen Meng‐ling , Xie Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe study investigated the effects of pectin–plant essential oil coating combined with vacuum packaging on Pseudosciaena crocea during iced storage. Samples were immersed in sterile water (CK), 25% ethanol (E), pectin + 0.4% oregano essential oil (PO), and pectin + 0.4% ginger essential oil (PG), respectively. The results showed that compared with the CK group, PO and PG coatings could effectively inhibit the increase of total viable counts (TVC) and H2S‐producing bacteria counts by 1.25–1.64 log CFU/g and 1.18–1.37 log CFU/g, respectively. Meanwhile, PO and PG treatments could delay the increase of pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) value, which also inhibited the degradation rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in fish. When samples treated with PO and PG, the shelf‐life of Pseudosciaena crocea could increase from 20 to 27 days and 24 days, respectively, which indicated that the combination of pectin–plant essential oil coating with vacuum packaging is a promising method for the preservation of Pseudosciaena crocea.
Fewer potentially avoidable health care events in rural veterans with self‐directed care versus other personal care services
Authors: Yuan Yingzhe , Thomas Kali S. , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Price Megan E. , Pizer Steven D. , Frakt Austin B. , Garrido Melissa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRural residents face more barriers to healthcare access, including challenges in receiving home‐ and community‐based long‐term services, compared to urban residents. Self‐directed services provide flexibility and choice in care options and may be particularly well suited to help older adults with multiple chronic conditions and functional limitations who reside in rural areas remain independent and live in the community.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study to understand whether differences in health outcomes between Veteran‐Directed Care (VDC), a self‐directed Veterans Health Administration (VHA)‐paid care program, and other VHA‐paid home‐ and community‐based personal care services vary in rural/urban location. The sample included 37,395 veterans receiving VHA‐paid home‐ and community‐based long‐term care services in FY17. Our primary outcomes were changes in monthly incidence of VHA or VHA‐paid community acute care admissions, nursing home admissions, and emergency department (ED) visits. We used fixed effects logistic regression models on unmatched and coarsened exact matched cohorts, stratified by rural/urban location.ResultsBoth urban and rural VDC recipients were significantly less likely to be admitted to VHA‐paid nursing homes, compared to those receiving other VHA‐paid personal care services (rural: incremental effect = −0.22, [−0.30, −0.14]; urban: incremental effect = −0.14, [−0.20, −0.07]). Rural, but not urban, VDC enrollees had significantly fewer VHA‐paid acute care admissions and ED visits, relative to recipients of other VHA‐paid personal care services (acute care, rural: incremental effect = −0.07, 95% CI = [−0.14, −0.01], urban: incremental effect = −0.01, [−0.06, 0.03]; ED, rural: incremental effect = −0.08, [−0.14, −0.02], urban: incremental effect = 0.01, [−0.03, 0.05]).ConclusionsVDC recipients had fewer incidents of potentially avoidable VHA‐paid health care use, compared to similar veterans receiving other VHA‐paid personal care services. These differences were more pronounced among rural VDC recipients than urban VDC recipients.
Accumulation by agricultural extension: Freedom and financial extractivism among Brazil's Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST)
Authors: DeVore Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince 1995, family farming in Brazil has been heavily financialized through the federal PRONAF program, which has simultaneously created new opportunities for third parties to capture and control financial resources for themselves. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic research with land rights movements on the southern coast of Bahia, Brazil, this contribution analyses a case of accumulation by agricultural extension, as a predatory form of financial extractivism based on asymmetrical bureaucratic and communicative power, which was carried out by a local agricultural extension firm and export company. Associated with the Odebrecht Foundation, this extension firm promoted a development project to diversify the livelihoods of rural families living in land reform communities affiliated with Brazil's famous Landless Rural Workers' Movement, or the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). The firm owner actively recruited families to cultivate palmito, or heart of palm, effectively converting them into a captive productive force responsible for almost all factors of production—land, labour, and capital—but in the service of the extension firm's business interests. The firm was thus able to decouple itself from all hazards involved in production, while the MST community members bore almost all of the risks. In the process, the project gave rise to an exploitative form of production that is barely even recognizable as capitalism.
Researching the visual culture of law and legal institutions: some reflections on methodology
Authors: MORAN LESLIE J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe role played by pictures in the formation of our legal imaginations is one that has attracted the attention of socio‐legal scholars. Research in this field is on the rise and diversifying. However, to date there has been little engagement with, or reflection on, the methods and methodology that researchers have deployed in their turn to pictures as data. The goal of this article is to explore a range of methodological issues by way of several different types of pictures: paintings, photographs, and moving pictures with sound generated by way of lens‐based digital technologies.
Critical care nurses' perceptions and practices towards clinical alarms
Authors: Jeong Yu Jin , Kim Hyunjung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMuted or controlled alarms resulting from alarm fatigue have become a threat to patient safety and several institutions are aware of this risk.AimsThis study aimed to investigate critical care nurses' perceptions of medical device alarms, alarm fatigue, and alarm management practices.MethodsThis descriptive study investigated 48 nurses working at two intensive care units (ICUs) within a single university hospital, in South Korea. They were asked to complete a self‐administered questionnaire about their perception of the ICU medical device alarm, alarm fatigue, and related management practices. The response rate was 100%.ResultsCritical care nurses experienced a moderate or higher level of alarm fatigue, scoring 29.1 out of 40. Participants identified the items “Frequent false alarms, which lead to reduced attention or response to alarm when they occur,” and “Inadequate staff” as the most important issues for alarm management. The most frequently involved item in alarm management practice was “I only use infusion pumps for drugs that require precise dose.” Alarm management practices among the nurses differed significantly according to ICU clinical career and experience of patient safety accidents.ConclusionsThis study highlights the need to develop a standardized medical device alarm management protocol that can help identify different alarms correctly and respond to them rapidly and appropriately.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is necessary to reduce alarm fatigue and promote safe and effective alarm management practices among critical care nurses through sufficient education and steady training. Alarm fatigue should also be mitigated by employment of sufficient nursing personnel in ICUs.
Tree architecture, light interception and water‐use related traits are controlled by different genomic regions in an apple tree core collection
Authors: Coupel‐Ledru Aude , Pallas Benoît , Delalande Magalie , Segura Vincent , Guitton Baptiste , Muranty Hélène , Durel Charles‐Eric , Regnard Jean‐Luc , Costes Evelyne 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Tree architecture shows large genotypic variability, but how this affects water‐deficit responses is poorly understood. To assess the possibility of reaching ideotypes with adequate combinations of architectural and functional traits in the face of climate change, we combined high‐throughput field phenotyping and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on an apple tree (Malus domestica) core‐collection.

We used terrestrial light detection and ranging (T‐LiDAR) scanning and airborne multispectral and thermal imagery to monitor tree architecture, canopy shape, light interception, vegetation indices and transpiration on 241 apple cultivars submitted to progressive field soil drying. GWAS was performed with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐by‐SNP and multi‐SNP methods.

Large phenotypic and genetic variability was observed for all traits examined within the collection, especially canopy surface temperature in both well‐watered and water deficit conditions, suggesting control of water loss was largely genotype‐dependent. Robust genomic associations revealed independent genetic control for the architectural and functional traits. Screening associated genomic regions revealed candidate genes involved in relevant pathways for each trait.

We show that multiple allelic combinations exist for all studied traits within this collection. This opens promising avenues to jointly optimize tree architecture, light interception and water use in breeding strategies. Genotypes carrying favourable alleles depending on environmental scenarios and production objectives could thus be targeted.
Bringing the right to water into the spotlight: A civil right before the European Court of Human Rights?
Authors: Keller Helen , Hefti Angela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article evaluates the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) approach to the right to water, drawing on three key aspects characterizing a minimum core right to water: quality, availability and accessibility. The article argues that the right to water should be seen as a civil right, which can be directly enforced by the ECtHR, rather than being adjudicated as a programmatic right subject to a wide margin of appreciation. Currently, the Court pursues two tracks in water‐related cases. On the one hand, it considers the right to water as a right that should be realized progressively and is subject to a wide margin of appreciation. On the other hand, in relation to prisoner and asylum seekers' rights, the Court has recognized that limited access to water can constitute ill treatment contrary to Article 3. Finally, the right to water faces obstacles to its adequate enforcement before the Court as litigants must show that they are victims of water‐related damage and they suffer individually.