bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, Ethnicity, and Disparities in the Risk of End‐Organ Lupus Manifestations Following a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis in a Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Aguirre Alfredo , Izadi Zara , Trupin Laura , Barbour Kamil E. , Greenlund Kurt J. , Katz Patti , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey , Dall'Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveData on the onset of lupus manifestations across multiple organ domains and in diverse populations are limited. The objective was to analyze racial and ethnic differences in the risk of end‐organ lupus manifestations following systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis in a multiethnic cohort.MethodsThe California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES) is a longitudinal study of SLE. Data on major end‐organ lupus manifestations were collected and categorized by organ system: renal, hematologic, neurologic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary. Multiorgan disease was defined as manifestations in ≥2 of these distinct organ systems. Kaplan‐Meier curves assessed end‐organ disease‐free survival, and Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the rate of end‐organ disease following SLE diagnosis, adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, and self‐reported race and ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black, and Asian).ResultsOf 326 participants, 89% were female; the mean age was 45 years. Self‐reported race and ethnicity were 30% White, 23% Hispanic, 11% Black, and 36% Asian. Multiorgan disease occurred in 29%. Compared to White participants, Hispanic and Asian participants had higher rates, respectively, of renal (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.8–4.7], HR 2.9 [95% CI 1.9–4.6]); hematologic (HR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3–5.7], HR 2.1 [95% CI 1.0–4.2]); and multiorgan disease (HR 3.3 [95% CI 1.8–5.9], HR 2.5 [95% CI 1.4–4.4]) following SLE diagnosis.ConclusionWe found heightened risks of developing renal, hematologic, and multiorgan disease following SLE diagnosis among Hispanic and Asian patients with SLE, as well as a high burden of multiorgan disease among CLUES participants.
Dianion Induced Electron Delocalization of Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries and Self‐Powered Water Splitting
Authors: Ding Kuixing , Hu Jiugang , Jin Wei , Zhao Liming , Liu Yunpeng , Wu Zhonghua , Weng Baicheng , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of low‐cost multifunctional electrocatalysts with high activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for the advancement of sophisticated energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, a trifunctional Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2@NC catalyst is designed and fabricated using a dianionic regulation strategy. Synchrotron radiation X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that simultaneous sulfidation and selenization can induce the electronic delocalization of Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2 active sites to enhance the adsorption of *OOH/*OH intermediate for ORR/OER and H* intermediate for HER. The OER and HER mechanisms are revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2@NC exhibits trifunctional catalytic activity for the HER (111 mV at 10 mA cm−2), OER (320 mV at 10 mA cm−2), and ORR (half‐wave potential of 0.83 V). The rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) exhibit an open‐circuit voltage of 1.46 V, a specific capacity of 799.1 mAh g−1, and excellent stability for 1000 cycles. The water electrolytic cell using Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2@NC electrodes delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V, and it can be powered using the constructed ZABs. These findings contribute to developing low‐cost and efficient non‐noble metal multifunctional catalysts.
Sr‐Doped Superionic Hydrogen Glass: Synthesis and Properties of SrH22
Authors: Semenok Dmitrii V. , Chen Wuhao , Huang Xiaoli , Zhou Di , Kruglov Ivan A. , Mazitov Arslan B. , Galasso Michele , Tantardini Christian , Gonze Xavier , Kvashnin Alexander G. , Oganov Artem R. , Cui Tian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, several research groups announced reaching the point of metallization of hydrogen above 400 GPa. Despite notable progress, detecting superconductivity in compressed hydrogen remains an unsolved problem. Following the mainstream of extensive investigations of compressed metal polyhydrides, here small doping of molecular hydrogen by strontium is demonstrated to lead to a dramatic reduction in the metallization pressure to ≈200 GPa. Studying the high‐pressure chemistry of the Sr–H system, the formation of several new phases is observed: C2/m‐Sr3H13, pseudocubic SrH6, SrH9 with cubic ‐Sr sublattice, and pseudo tetragonal superionic P1‐SrH22, the metal hydride with the highest hydrogen content (96 at%) discovered so far. High diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in the latter phase DH = 0.2–2.1 × 10−9 m2 s−1 indicate an amorphous state of the H‐sublattice, whereas the strontium sublattice remains solid. Unlike Ca and Y, strontium forms molecular semiconducting polyhydrides, whereas calcium and yttrium polyhydrides are high‐TC superconductors with an atomic H sublattice. The discovered SrH22, a kind of hydrogen sponge, opens a new class of materials with ultrahigh content of hydrogen.
Controllable Physical Synergized Triboelectricity, Shape Memory, Self‐Healing, and Optical Sensing with Rollable Form Factor by Zn cluster
Authors: Ahn Dahye , Sun Jingzhe , Han Seunghye , Lee Jiwoo , Jeong Songah , Cha Seokjun , Noh Seonmyeong , Choi Hyeongsub , Ren Bingqi , Yoon Hyeonseok , Kim Hyungwoo , Park Jong‐Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo build devices offering users comfortable experience, it is important to focus on form factor and multifunctionality. In this study, for the first time, multifunctional Zn clusters with shape memory, self‐healing, triboelectricity, and optical sensing synergized with rollable form factor are designed and fabricated by coordinating COO− and Zn2+. As pore forming agent, Zn clusters produce hierarchical porous structure depending on Zn amount. Zn clusters are applied as message transmitters and charge containers in optical sensing and corona charge injection, respectively. Moreover, Zn clusters in PVB‐COO‐Zn serve as positive tribomaterial due to Zn ion doping effect, increasing the output performance as the Zn amount reaches 20 wt%. In addition, injecting positive charge into PVB‐COO‐Zn 20 lead to more than 24 times increase in output performance compared to those of non‐porous structures. The reversibility of Zn clusters endows shape memory and self‐healing, synergized with the rollable form factor. The rollability is implemented using the long alkyl chain and the energy absorption of porous structure, providing damage resistance. The advancements in this work provide opportunities for multifunctional and unique applications (shape memory rotating‐triboelectric nanogenerator, rollable self‐healing touchpad, hidden tag) synergized with rollability that accomplishes working in broadened condition in near future.
Novel Functionality in Switchable Polar Materials
Authors: Rabe Karin M. , Walker Frederick J. , Shin Yeong Jae , Ahn Charles H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn research on functional materials, the focus of attention has increasingly shifted from ferroelectrics, with electric‐field‐driven switching between two or more symmetry‐related insulating polar states, to materials with functional behavior based on the competition of antipolar and polar states, or two or more symmetry inequivalent polar states, with switching driven by applied electric fields and/or stresses. When the competing states are not symmetry related, they can have quite distinct magnetic, optical, transport, and topological properties, with functionality derived from modulating these properties or even turning them on and off. In this perspective, the authors set out joint experimental–theoretical strategies for the discovery and development of new functional materials in this class.
Silver Triflate Catalyzed Domino Reactions of o‐Alkynylanilines: An Approach Toward Unsymmetrical Diarylacetates and Triarylmethanes
Authors: Jadhav Santosh D. , Singh Tavinder , Thakur Naveen , Singh Anand 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStraightforward and efficient Ag(I) catalyzed domino reactions for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylacetate and triarylmethane derivatives has been reported. These reactions proceed via an initial 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of o‐alkynylanilines to result in the indole motif which further reacts with various electrophiles resulting in a wide range of unsymmetrical diarylacetates, diaryl ketones, and triarylmethanes. The strategy is versatile, displays broad substrate scope, and provides excellent yields of the products.
Primatology in zoos: Studying behavior, cognition, and welfare
Authors: Hopper Lydia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrimatological research in zoos is increasing globally. Such research allows scientists to study primate biology, behavior, and cognition while helping to advance the welfare of captive primates. Moreover, zoos welcome millions of visitors annually, which creates unique opportunities for public engagement with this research. Reflecting the importance of zoos in the field of primatology, the articles in this special issue showcase the range of primatological research currently being conducted in zoos around the world. With this special issue, I have chosen to focus on research examining primate behavior and cognition, addressing both basic and applied questions. The articles included in this special issue also highlight the array of technologies and methods being used to study zoo‐housed primates. While zoos house a variety of primate species, potentially enabling the testing of under‐studied species or widescale comparative research, great apes are disproportionately represented in current zoo‐based research. Thus, while an interest in conducting research with primates in zoos continues to grow, there are still opportunities to increase the breadth and diversity of this study.
Dementia risk predictions from German claims data using methods of machine learning
Authors: Reinke Constantin , Doblhammer Gabriele , Schmid Matthias , Welchowski Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe examined whether German claims data are suitable for dementia risk prediction, how machine learning (ML) compares to classical regression, and what the important predictors for dementia risk are.MethodsWe analyzed data from the largest German health insurance company, including 117,895 dementia‐free people age 65+. Follow‐up was 10 years. Predictors were: 23 age‐related diseases, 212 medical prescriptions, 87 surgery codes, as well as age and sex. Statistical methods included logistic regression (LR), gradient boosting (GBM), and random forests (RFs).ResultsDiscriminatory power was moderate for LR (C‐statistic = 0.714; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.708–0.720) and GBM (C‐statistic = 0.707; 95% CI = 0.700–0.713) and lower for RF (C‐statistic = 0.636; 95% CI = 0.628–0.643). GBM had the best model calibration. We identified antipsychotic medications and cerebrovascular disease but also a less‐established specific antibacterial medical prescription as important predictors.DiscussionOur models from German claims data have acceptable accuracy and may provide cost‐effective decision support for early dementia screening.
Saffron extract attenuates Sofosbuvir‐induced retinal neurodegeneration in albino rat
Authors: Elseady Walaa S. , Keshk Walaa A. , Negm Walaa A. , Elkhalawany Walaa , Elhanafy Hend , Ibrahim Marwa A.A. , Radwan Doaa A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSofosbuvir is a novel drug candidate for the treatment of hepatitis C viral infection; however, vision loss is one of its growing adverse effects. Saffron is a natural biomolecule with a high antioxidant potential that has been efficiently used in some diseases caused by oxidative stress. This study evaluated Sofosbuvir's neurodegenerative effect on the retina of albino rat and examined the potential protective role of saffron aqueous extract. Twenty‐one adult male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, Sofosbuvir‐treated (41.1 mg/kg /day for 6 weeks), and Sofosbuvir + Saffron co‐treated groups. Retinal specimens were biochemically analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels. In addition, light and transmission electron microscopic examination, as well as immunohistochemical staining for Caspase‐3, COX‐2, and GFAP were performed. Sofosbuvir treatment caused a significant increase in retinal MDA, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels coupling with a significant decrease in retinal total antioxidant capacity level. Histopathological findings revealed disturbed retinal architecture, detached pigment epithelium, vacuolated photoreceptors, in addition to a significant decrease in the thicknesses of both outer and inner nuclear layers, and the number of ganglionic cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed extensive degenerative changes in all retinal layers. Caspase‐3, COX‐2, and GFAP immunohistochemical expressions were significantly increased. Meanwhile, concomitant treatment with Saffron significantly improved retinal redox status, inflammation, histological, and ultrastructural parameters. Saffron may protect the retina from the hazardous effects of Sofosbuvir. Saffron could be used as an adjuvant therapy to protect patients receiving Sofosbuvir from retinal damage.
Photo‐Controlled [4+4] Cycloaddition of Anthryl‐Polymer Systems: A Versatile Approach to Fabricate Functional Materials
Authors: Paderes Monissa C. , Jeffrey Diaz Mark , Pagtalunan Cris Angelo , Bruzon Dwight Angelo , Tapang Giovanni A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe reversible photo‐induced [4+4] cycloaddition reaction of anthracene enables multiple cycles of dimerization and scission, allowing phototunable linkage of molecular fragments for the synthesis of polymer scaffolds. New functional materials ranging from hydrogels to shape‐memory polymers were designed from anthryl‐polymer systems because of their diverse photochemical reactivity and responsiveness. Light as an external stimulus allows for the remote and precise spatiotemporal control of materials without the need for additional reagents. Depending on how the photoreactive anthracene moieties were introduced, the interaction of anthryl‐polymer systems with light results in various processes such as polymerization, cyclization, and cross‐linking. Structural modifications of anthracene derivatives could shift their absorption from the ultraviolet to the visible light region, widening their range of applications including biologically relevant studies. These applications are further diversified and enhanced by the reversibility of the dimerization reaction using light and heat as stimuli. In this review, current developments in the synthesis and photodimerization of anthracene‐containing polymers and their emerging applications in the fabrication of new materials are discussed.
A homogeneous domination control method based on sampled‐data output feedback for lateral stability of an intelligent electric vehicle
Authors: Meng Qinghua , Sun Zong‐Yao , Chen Chih‐Chiang 
Published: April 2022

SummaryFor easy analysis, most vehicle lateral stability control methods are usually based on a linear 2 degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) dynamic model in the published literature. Generally speaking, the linear 2DOF model cannot fully reflect the physical nonlinearity of the tire characteristics. The intelligent electric vehicle driven by four in‐wheel motors (IEV‐DFIM) requires a more accurate nonlinear tire model. Therefore, this paper presents a nonlinear 2DOF dynamic model for the IEV‐DFIM based on the well‐known magic formula. But the nonlinear model might cause the system to be uncontrollable around the origin. To address this issue, a novel homogeneous domination control method based on sampled‐data output feedback is proposed, which is capable of guaranteeing the lateral stability of the IEV‐DFIM under different operation conditions. A Lyapunov‐based analysis is performed to ensure the validity of the proposed method in theory. The simulation and test are also carried out to verify the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Can aggressive cancers be identified by the “aggressiveness” of their chromatin?
Authors: Gurova Katerina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is a crucial feature of aggressive cancer, providing the means for cancer progression. Stochastic changes in tumor cell transcriptional programs increase the chances of survival under any condition. I hypothesize that unstable chromatin permits stochastic transitions between transcriptional programs in aggressive cancers and supports non‐genetic heterogeneity of tumor cells as a basis for their adaptability. I present a mechanistic model for unstable chromatin which includes destabilized nucleosomes, mobile chromatin fibers and random enhancer‐promoter contacts, resulting in stochastic transcription. I suggest potential markers for “unsettled” chromatin in tumors associated with poor prognosis. Although many of the characteristics of unstable chromatin have been described, they were mostly used to explain changes in the transcription of individual genes. I discuss approaches to evaluate the role of unstable chromatin in non‐genetic tumor cell heterogeneity and suggest using the degree of chromatin instability and transcriptional noise in tumor cells to predict cancer aggressiveness.
The understanding of Parkinson's disease through genetics and new therapies
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Onyeaka Helen , Badri Rawa , Yücel Ayşe Nazlı , Korkusuz Ahmet Kayhan , Ajagbe Abayomi Oyeyemi , Abuleil Amro , Chaaya Céline , Alhendawi Baraa H. M. , Chalhoub Elie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionParkinson's disease is one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases from which people suffer for years. The mechanism of this disease is associated with a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) while Lewy bodies are still present. As a result, both motor—ridity, tremor, and bradykinesia—and non‐motor symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Nowadays, it is well known that the cause behind Parkinson's disease is mainly environmental changes, genetic susceptibility, and toxins. Unfortunately, there is no cure for the disease but treatments. The replacement of lost neurons, α‐synuclein and apomorphine, is currently being studied for new therapies. This article focuses on history, mechanism, factors causing Parkinson's disease as well as future therapies for the cure of the diseases.MethodologyData were collected from medical journals published on PubMed, The Lancet, Cells, and Nature Reviews Neurology databases with a predefined search strategy. All articles considering new therapies for Parkinson's disease were considered.ResultsThe pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is currently reasonably understood. However, there is no definitive cure so all the treatments focus mainly on reducing or limiting the symptoms. Current treatment studies focus on genetics, replacing lost neurons, α‐synuclein and apomorphine.ConclusionParkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder worldwide because of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Its symptoms include motor dysfunctions such as rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia and non‐motor dysfunctions such as anxiety and depression. Through genetics, environmental changes and toxins analysis, it is now known that future new therapies are working on replacing lost neurons, α‐synuclein and apomorphine.
Conceptualisations of incumbent firms in sustainability transitions: Insights from organisation theory and a systematic literature review
Authors: Magnusson Thomas , Werner Viktor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFollowing the tradition of using opposing concepts as a basis for organisational analysis, this article advances a theory‐based understanding of incumbent firms in sustainability transitions. Building on seminal transition studies, we propose innovating/defending and collaborating/competing as two useful spectra to describe organisational behaviours in transitions. Presenting the automotive industry as an explanatory case, we show results from a systematic literature review that reveal motives for diverging behaviours. Combining the spectra into a 2 × 2 matrix, we then introduce four conceptualisations to explain the observed motives and behaviours. The conceptualisations are associated with different streams of organisation theory: dynamic capabilities and the resource‐based view, resource‐dependence theory, neo‐institutional theory and theories on organisational learning and path dependence. Referring to organisational ambidexterity, value configurations and political arenas, we conclude that transitions research can reach a more multifaceted understanding by challenging the prevailing notion of the firm as a coherent actor.
Development and assessment of an integrated anatomy mobile app
Authors: Harmon Derek J. , Burgoon Jennifer M. , Kalmar Eileen L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurricular hours for anatomical sub‐disciplines (gross anatomy, embryology, histology, and neuroanatomy) continue to decline, while medical schools are simultaneously transitioning to systems‐based, vertically integrated curricula. This requires students to learn and integrate all basic science content for a learning block prior to the summative assessment. Currently, no educational technology resource exists that integrates the four anatomical sub‐disciplines into a single resource to supplement integrated curricula. The objective of this study was to assess a novel integrated anatomical sciences mobile app for medical students. The 4natomy mobile app was developed to integrate the four sub‐disciplines for a single topic, the spinal cord. The app was distributed to first‐year medical students during the neurological disorders learning. Following the learning block, assessment of the student acceptance and experience with the app was conducted through a technology acceptance model (TAM) framework survey. The results indicated that students found the app to be useful (p < 0.001) and easy to use (p < 0.05), predicting continued future usage of the app. Students requested expanded anatomy content for the entire learning block, as well as more clinical correlations, videos, and animations. The integrated anatomy mobile app developed in this study was useful and easy to use, indicating continued use within an integrated medical curriculum. This was the first study to utilize the TAM as a conceptual framework for technology assessment in medical education, suggesting that future studies that develop new technologies should adapt the TAM for user testing.
Analysis of the Applications of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms on Reaction Kinetics: A Prospective Study for Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Acosta‐Angulo Bryan , Diaz‐Angulo Jennyfer , Lara‐Ramos Jose , Torres‐Palma Ricardo , Martínez‐Pachón Diana , Moncayo‐Lasso Alejandro , Machuca‐Martínez Fiderman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was implemented to assess the spread of two types of evolutionary algorithms (EAs), genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), on the study of reaction kinetics. Particular attention was given to applications for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The collaborations between countries and authors, as well as the keywords co‐occurrences, were investigated. Finally, the Gompertz and Logistic Substitution models (LSM) were employed to forecast future scenarios. It was observed that GA methods were the preferred algorithms for reaction kinetic studies, and the USA was the most influential country in terms of collaboration, followed by China. On the other hand, there was still poor collaboration for most countries; this was also observed for authors’ collaboration. In addition, literature concerning AOPs was still scarce. The forecasting suggested growth for implementing evolutionary algorithms, especially for the PSO, increasing its popularity regarding GA methods.