bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Design for Purged Submerged Arc Welding on Strength of Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Sailender Mamunuri , Reddy G Chandra Mohan , Venkatesh S 
Published: February 2022

Low carbon steel is most widely used materials in the industry for moderate and service requirements. For strong and continuous weld, submerged arc welding (SAW) is widely used process in fabrication industry. It has inherent advantages like deep penetration, smooth bead, reliability and high quality. It is prominent with large number of process parameters, which act together in an intricate manner and subsequently influence the output performance. So, it is important to select process parameters for maintaining the required quality. In the present work, parametric optimization of main parameters, such as open circuit voltage (OCV), wire feed rate (WFR), welding speed (WS) and nozzle-to-plate distance (NPD) and thereby to study influences on the weldment strength. Experiments are conducted using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The study is made through conducting experiments in ‘purging with gas’ condition and compared with traditional ‘as weld’ experiments. The performance measure of control levels to select is made from S/N ratio. Through ANOVA, significance of the parameter and their contribution is calculated. The correlations between process parameters and performance outputs are established using Regression Analysis. Mathematical models are developed; checked for their adequacy using F-test and determined quantitatively, same presented graphically. These models are validated by confirmation tests and the predicted results are within the limits.
A Two-Stage Method to Optimize The Milk-Run System
Authors: Aksoy Aslı , Öztürk Nursel 
Published: February 2022

In this competitive manufacturing environment, material transportation is an important topic for researchers and practical applications. This study presents a real life example of an automotive equipment manufacturer problem. The manufacturer has several depots to serve 54 milk-run suppliers and complained about the fluctuations of milk-run vehicles between work days and depots. The aim of this study is to develop a systematic approach to make milk-run system more stable for manufacturer. Therefore the systematic approach which consists of, the milk-run route optimization with mixed integer linear programming model, container loading heuristic to increase the utilization of milk-run vehicles and time interval assignment heuristic to avoid coincidence of milk-run vehicles at the depots, is suggested to get over existing problems of a manufacturer.
Performance Analysis of Continuity Equation and Its Applications
Authors: Towhiduzzaman Md. 
Published: February 2022

This study has been focused on the Continuity Equation and its applications. A continuity equation illustrates the conveyances of some quantity. Principally, it is uncomplicated as well as powerful when applied to a conserved quantity. Contrarily, it can be generalized to apply to any extensive capacity. In this respect, firstly, it has been analyzed on the Basic Hydrodynamics and the Continuity Equations. It has also been demonstrated on the applications of Continuity Equation in which one can find out the different continuities for different areas of taps at different heights. Besides, there is a comparison also on the Theoretical Flow Rate and Experimental Flow Rate of fluid under the sluice gate by using Continuity Equation and Bernoulli Equation. So, it can be experimented here on the Theoretical Flow Rate and Experimental Flow Rate to make a good agreement on the subject matters.
Least Squares Dummy Variable in Determination of Dynamic Panel Model Parameters
Authors: Okeke Joseph Uchenna , Okeke Evelyn Nkiruka 
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the small sample performance of the Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimator of the dynamic panel data models for period, T, greater than the cross sections, N and its large sample performance in the direction of T as N remains finite, and compares it with the performance of the instrumental variable- generalize method of moments (IV-GMM) estimators using the properties of root mean squares error(RMSE) of the model , root mean squares error of the autoregressive term ? (RMSE?), the bias of ? (bias?) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) with the motive of ascertaining the usefulness of the LSDV estimator in determining the parameters of a dynamic panel model as T? and finite N, for which it is regarded as consistent.
Violence Resisting Transforming Robot with Ability of Obstacle Detection
Authors: Karmakar Bishal 
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the design; Mechanism and implementation of Automatic Law enforce Transforming Robot with the ability to resist violence automatically or manually as instructed by the operator. The robot also contains a specialty of detection of protesters by sonar technique before activating water thrower system. The robot consists of two hands and one of those is carrying water thrower system. Any kind of anti-violence devices can be added in these two hands. With this, any violence can be cool down or any internal attack can be turned down which eventually is hard and dangerous for law enforce officers. For its transforming structure, it can easily be transported, helpful to use in both mode and can be addressed as non-threatening design for public. Arduino Uno performs as the brain that controls the whole body structure.
Influence of Soil Properties and Composition, and Applied Hydraulic Pressures on Sample Quality of Pusan Clays
Authors: Konni Ganapathi Rao 
Published: February 2022

Obtaining good quality samples from soft marine clay deposits is a challenge and it is being seen that the sample disturbance is inevitable even though lot of research has suggested using more sophisticated samplers, sampling methods, and special care being taken while handling and transportation of the samples. Hence, author doubt that apart from the above, there could also be other parameters playing critical role on the sample quality. Therefore, in the current study, sampling tube geometry is maintained same, especially angle of cutting edge and area ratio which are found to be key influencing factors and hence its impact on the current study is ignored. In the current study in order to assess the other contributing factors behind the additional sample disturbance, a special attention is given to find out other possible parameters that could also influence the sample quality. As a result of this study, it is found that the soil properties such as; silt and sand content in the soil, clay fraction, hydraulic pressure applied to penetrate the sampler, rigidity index of the soil, initial void ratio, plasticity index, and unit weight of the soil also contribute to sample disturbance. Since these properties, except hydraulic pressure, are soil inherent properties, there is always a certain minimum degree of sample disturbance associated with these soil inherent properties depending on the magnitude of these parameters. Unfortunately, the soil properties cannot be changed and thus a minimum sample disturbance is inevitable.
Tide Height Calculation by Using the Nesting Surge Model
Authors: Towhiduzzaman Md. 
Published: February 2022

In this study, a doubly nested tide-surge model was established for the coastal region of Bangladesh. This model can be applied in coastal Belt Tide Height Calculation. A uniform grid model is being converted to the region between 210 N to 230 N and 890 E to 900 E in a grid resolution. The model equations were solved by semi-implicit finite difference technique. An appropriate tidal condition over the model domain could be generated in the sea level to be oscillatory. To the northeast corner, the Meghna River in Bangladesh discharge and rainfall distribution was taken into account. The results of Nesting Surge model are found to be a reasonable agreement with those observed data from Bangladesh inland water transport authority (BIWTA). So, the Tide Height Calculation is a significant matter here to be discussed.
Surface Electromyography Signal Collecting Strategy for Artificial Hand Controlling Purposes
Authors: Kadhim Abdul-Sahib N. , Abdul-Sattar Mohammed M. , Falah Hasan S. 
Published: February 2022

Surface electromyography technique is presented for muscle activation detection and intuitive control of prostheses or robot arm. This research aims to develop a strategy for collecting EMG signal in order to be used as input control for an artificial hand. Methodology of this research composed of, collecting EMG signal using clinical device to choose the best position. Collect the signal using myoware muscle sensor depending on these positions locating above with determining the threshold value for each position. The test was done on a healthy female person and an amputee person, a number of three position were used by the clinical myotrace 400 each positon composed of four channels i, four channel location were chosen from the three position that were used by the myoware sensor on the forearm in addition to two locations on the ulna, while the amputee included only two locations on the ulna. The locations obtained from the myotrace targeting muscles ( extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorium sublimis, brachioradialis, flexor carpi ulnaris). The threshold values obtained were on a range of 150-320 that consider a non-sensitive. For the amputee the threshold values were the from 150-220 for both the healthy arm and the amputee arm which consider a weaker values.
Inverse Square Law for Light and Radiation: A Unifying Educational Approach
Authors: Voudoukis Nikolaos , Oikonomidis Sarantos 
Published: February 2022

Many concepts in the physics curricula can be explained by the inverse square law. Point-like sources of gravitational forces, electric fields, light, sound and radiation obey the inverse square law. This geometrical law gives the ability of unifying educational approach of various cognitive subjects in all the educational levels. During the last years we have been using engaging hands-on activities to help our students in order to understand the cohesion in Nature and to export conclusions from experimental data. The development of critical thinking is also stimulated by student‘s experimental activities. Teaching students to think critically is perhaps the most important and difficult thing we do as science teachers. In this paper three activities are described, which were executed by students. These activities are concerning the electromagnetic radiation and the main goal is to confirm the inverse square law. We used three activities entitled as: “Inverse square law-Light”, “Photometer construction” and “Radioactive source”.The significant motive for this work constituted the following question: “Is it possible to find lab activities which bring out unification and a non-piecemeal description of physical phenomena, helping students to think critically?”.
Determination of Shear Strength Parameters of Rock Mass using Back Analysis Methods and Comparison of Results with Empirical Methods
Authors: Bakhtiyari Ehsan , Almasi Ali , Cheshomi Akbar , Hassanpour Jafar 
Published: February 2022

In this study, using the collected data from 4 slope failures in one of the central mines of Iran, the shear strength parameters of jointed and crushed rock masses using back analysis method are calculated and its results are compared with the values obtained from the empirical methods. In this regard, firstly, the identification of failures is investigated and then geometrical and geological engineering parameters of slopes are collected and recorded by field survey. At this stage, using the Hoek-Brown criterion, shear strength parameters of the rock mass are estimated. Then, using appropriate software for slope stability analysis (limit equilibrium method software: SLIDE and numerical method software: FLAC), and assuming that safety factor is one, the shear strength parameters for sliding surfaces are determined. Finally, the results obtained from this analysis are compared with the results of the empirical methods and then suggestions are made to modify the input data of empirical method
Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Some Selected Sandcrete Hollow Blocks in Kogi State
Authors: Quadri Ajibola Ibrahim , Ijesoh Lawrence Irobekhian 
Published: February 2022

The current wave of the collapse of building structure all over Nigeria necessitates the need to carry out research on the mechanical properties of sandcrete hollow blocks. This study looks into the quality of blocks produced by block industries in Kogi state, Nigeria to ascertain its water absorption ratio, compressive strength and sieve analysis. In order to clarify these problems, the study is directed towards testing the strength properties of commercially produced sandcrete blocks; to verify whether the sandcrete block can be improved to achieve good quality in the building industries. A Total of five block industries were visited and twenty samples were picked at random from each of the selected block industry and also, soil samples obtained for soil tests in the laboratory. The analysis of results obtained was compared with the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS). The average water absorption rate of the sandcrete blocks for block industry D was found to be 12.5% higher than the 12% maximum requirement of the [9]. The average compressive strength values of the sandcrete blocks range between 0.64N/mm2 and 0.87N/mm2 which when compared with standard, was found to be below the minimum requirement of the [9]. Inadequate mix ratio was observed to be one of the factors of poor quality sandcrete block production in this area. The study recommends compliance monitoring by the various regulatory body to ensure good quality of sandcrete block production.
Analysis of Wind Effect on High-Rise Building for Different Terrain Category
Authors: Okafor Chinedum Vincent , Okolie Kevin Chucks , Cyril Mbanusi Echefuna , Okafor Chinenye Pamela 
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzed the effect of wind loadings on high-rise building for different terrain categories. The wind speed and design wind pressure for the different terrain categories adopted for this study were calculated as per logarithmic wind profile equation and BS6399-2:1997 respectively. Also, the nodal displacement of a 3D high-rise building model with reference to the calculated design wind loads were performed using finite element analysis software(STADDPROV8I). From the result obtained, it was shown that Terrain category IV when compared to other terrain categories recorded lower wind speed and pressure from the ground to a height of about 10m. The writers also observed that at greater terrain category(TC4), the wind speed and pressure tends to be much higher at the top floors(10m-48m) of the high-rise building whereas, terrain categories (TC3, TC2, TC1) recorded lower wind speed and pressure at that same height(10m-48m). this disparity however was discovered to be due to a phenomenon known as gust effect. Also, the nodal displacement for the different terrain category (TC4, TC3, TC2 and TC1) on each floor of the high-rise building increased uniformly in respective pattern as the height of the 3D model increases. In conclusion, the authors therefore remark “the greater the terrain category, the lowest is the wind speed in the roughness sub layer and the longer height it takes to reach gradient wind speed”.
Optimization of Soda Ash/Lime Dosage for Underground Water Treatment in Makurdi
Authors: Utsev Terlumun Joseph , Okah Peter 
Published: February 2022

The research work is on determination of optimum dosage of soda ash and lime in treating underground water in Makurdi metropolis. In carrying out the work, samples of borehole and well water from five different locations of the study area were analyzed to ascertain the level of hardness and subsequently, determine the optimum values of soda ash (Na2CO3) and lime (Ca(OH)2) that will reduce the water hardness. The locations were, North Bank, Wurukum, Wadata, High Level and Kanshio. The raw water hardness level range from 80mg/l to 200mg/l averagely, which is above WHO (2005) drinking water standards of 75mg/l to 100mg/l. After treatment, the pH was found to range between 6.8 - 7.8, while the hardness obtained ranged from 76mg/l to 100mg/l and 20mg/l to 80mg/l for borehole and well water respectively, which is slightly within the WHO (2005) standard. The optimal dosage of Na2CO3 and Ca (OH)2 were determined to be 2.4 ml each with a positive correlation of 0.90. It is recommended that, soda ash be used for the treatment of underground water hardness for safe drinking, while lime be used for other domestic purposes for cost effectiveness.
The Necessity for a Sustainable Transport System in Beirut: The Case Study of Corniche El Mazraa Arterial
Authors: Gerges Najib Nicolas , Omran Mazen , Saad Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

Corniche El Mazraa Road, one of the major arterial of Beirut – the capital city of Lebanon – is characterized by severe traffic congestion spreading over extended peak periods during the day. This is jeopardizing the transport system risking of halting the functionality of the city in addition to economic and environmental losses. The authors examined a number of mitigation measures to improve the traffic condition along Corniche El Mazraa Road. The only solution that could result in tangible improvements in the traffic conditions, in such an urban dense environment, is the introduction of a reliable public transport system.
Bacillus Cereus Biodegradability of Phosphorus and other Heavy Metals in Nigeria’s Agbaja Iron Ore
Authors: Obot Obotowo W. , Anyakwo Charles N. 
Published: February 2022

An investigation into the capacity of Bacillus cereus to degrade some of the heavy metals found in Nigeria’s Agbaja iron ore was carried out in the laboratory for 10 weeks. As obtained iron ore from Agbaja community in Kogi State of Nigeria was crushed and sieved to select 0.50/0.25mm particle size. Bacillus cereus was one of the microorganisms identified after culturing a portion of the crushed iron ore in suitable media overtime. Some control samples were also set up that did not contain either the microbes and/or ore samples. At weekly interval, samples were removed and analyzed to obtain ammonium phospho-molybdate precipitate which was titrated with 0.1 N-HCl to determine the amount of phosphorus (P). Liquid samples were analyzed for heavy metals concentration using UniCam Solaar 969 AA spectrophotometer. Findings reveal that the microbes degraded 58.18% P and in the process accumulated some of the heavy metals: 82.17% Cu, 100% Cd and Fe, 8.12% Zn and 68.42% Pb. The pH of the media remained entirely basic attaining 9.63 at the end of the investigation. The log of microbial density which maximized in the 3rd week at 7.498 cfu/ml (colony forming unit/milliliter) showed serious decline by the 10th week to 4.763 cfu/ml. It is possible the microorganisms may have had a low degradation capacity as a result of heavy metals over-accumulation, especially that of Pb, known to be highly poisonous above certain concentrations. Recommendations include a further study of the broth media mixture with samples and microorganisms as findings may enhance an efficient metabolic wastes management and a sustainable microbial degradation of iron ore samples.
Study of Superficial Layers Obtained by Selective Transfer in the Friction Couples
Authors: Ilie Filip 
Published: February 2022

In the friction process of two materials and in the presence of some proper lubricants, the wear process manifest itself as a material transfer from an element of the friction couple on the other, process specific to the selective transfer mechanism. The selective transfer can be sure achieved in a friction couple if there is a favorable energy, the relative movement and if in the friction area is a material made by copper and the lubricant is adequate (glycerin).The selective transfer mechanism is characterized by the physicochemical processes, which take place in the contact zones of the friction couples, and which to allow the selective transfer of some elements of the materials from a surface to the other, forming a thin superficial layer with the superior properties at wear and friction. This is a condition for any friction couple of high efficiently and a normal self-adjusting phenomena. The forming of this layer on the contact surfaces makes as fiction force to be reduced. It is in closely related to the structure formed by the selective transfer, between the metallic friction surfaces and with the properties these surface layers metallic. The most important parameters concerning the physical state of the superficial layers are micro-tensions, the structure and its modification on friction surfaces, the structure defects as well as the way of distribution of the additions and of the alloying elements from alloy. The purpose of the present paper is research these parameters by the structural analysis with X-rays, as the research method of the thin superficial layers.
A Knowledge-Based Demand Side Management: Interruptible Direct Load Approach
Authors: Apena Waliu Olalekan 
Published: February 2022

The study focussed on managing electrical energy supplied to consumers from distribution end through initial knowledge on data acquisition and embedded system. It was achieved by controlling the inductive loads at the consumer premise. The study re-shaped the load and energy demand curve by cycling customers’ inductive loads which are prone to drawing high currents such as air conditioner and water heaters. Data from power utilities were gathered and analysed using tools to generate waveform pattern for energy consumption. Mathematical models for air conditioners and water heaters were derived in order to remotely control the appliances with the aids of embedded system implemented on the consumer premise.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Feedback and Load Compensation Techniques in Controlling the Disturbed State of Nominal-T Configuration
Authors: Ale Thomas Olabode 
Published: February 2022

Stability of Power system is the ability of a system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact. This research work stated clearly the effectiveness of the feedback and load compensation techniques in stabilizing a disturbed state of a medium transmission line using a Nominal-T configuration network. In order to achieve the set objectives, Osogbo - Akure transmission line data was obtained from Akure 132kV transmission substation. This configuration was modeled into transfer function and state space models, the compensator circuit which happens to be the phase lag circuit was also modeled. The transfer function model contained the line parameters extracted from this transmission substation logbook. A state space model was obtained from the transfer function model with a code written in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness of these compensation techniques were compared. The result revealed that load compensation technique offered a perfect compensation to unit step disturbance and unit impulse disturbance. While feedback compensation technique provides perfect compensation to unit impulse disturbance only.