bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realizing the Value Promise of Digital Engineering: Planning, Implementing, and Evolving the Ecosystem
Authors: Schindel William D. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTGaining the benefits of Digital Engineering is not only about implementing digital technologies. The Innovation Ecosystem is a system of systems in its own right, at least partly engineered, subject to the risks and challenges of evolving socio‐technical systems. This article summarizes an aid to analyzing and understanding, planning, implementation, and ongoing improvement of the Innovation Ecosystem or its components. It is based on a generic ecosystem analysis reference model with particular focal viewpoints. It is represented as a configurable model‐based formal pattern and the INCOSE MBSE Patterns Working Group initially applied it in a related INCOSE collaboration project led by the Agile Systems Engineering Working Group. Users of the resulting framework subsequently elaborated and applied aspects in the context of a wide variety of commercial and defense ecosystems across different domains. While connecting to several current and historical contexts, it is particularly revealing of Digital Engineering's special promise. By explicating the recurrent theme of Consistency Management that underlies all historical innovation, it enhances our understanding of historical as well as future engineering and life cycle management. This includes the ecosystem preparation of internal and supply chain human and technical resources to effectively consume and exploit digital information assets, not just create them. The ecosystem model carries its own representation of enhanced capability implementation by generation of agile release train increments, along with evolutionary steering based on feedback and group learning.
Keto‐enol tautomerism from the electron delocalization perspective
Authors: Levina Elena O. , Khrenova Maria G. , Astakhov Andrey A. , Tsirelson Vladimir G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe equilibrium between keto and enol forms in acetylacetone and its derivatives is studied using electron delocalization indices and delocalization tensor density. We demonstrate how electron delocalization governs the equilibrium between keto and enol forms. The less stable enols have more distinct double and single bond character in the CCC fragment, while electron delocalization in this fragment is more pronounced in more stable enols. Looking for the origin of such behavior, we considered the one‐electron potentials entering the Euler equation for the electron density. We found that electron delocalization is mainly governed by the static exchange potential, which depends on the three‐dimensional atomic structure. It, however, does not distinguish differences in electron delocalization in more and less stable enols, the effect arising from the kinetic exchange contribution, which reflects spin‐dependent effects in the electron motion. The local depletion of kinetic exchange in the conjugated fragment yields the enhanced electron delocalization along the CCC bonds in more stable enols. Thus, a combination of considered descriptors allowed us to reveal the influence of electron delocalization on the equilibrium between keto and enol forms and showed the significant features of this phenomenon.
Glucose increases the length and spacing of the lattice structure of the axon initial segment
Authors: Wang Yiming , Guan Meiling , Zhang Yan , Zhanghao Karl , Xi Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) plays an important role in maintaining neuronal polarity and initiating action potentials (APs). The AIS adapts to its environment by changing its length and distance from the cell body, resulting in modulation of neuronal excitability, which is referred to as AIS plasticity. Previous studies found an ~200 nm single periodic distribution of the key AIS components ankyrinG (AnkG), Nav1.2, and βIV‐spectrin, while it remains unclear how the lattice structure is altered by AIS plasticity. In this study, we found that the length of the AIS significantly increased, resulting in increased neuronal excitability, with high‐concentration glucose treatment. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images of the lattice structure showed a dual‐spacing periodic distribution (~200 nm and ~260 nm) of AnkG, Nav1.2, and βIV‐spectrin. Moreover, 480‐kDa AnkG was crucial for AIS plasticity and increased lattice structure spacing. The discovery of new regulators for modulating AIS plasticity will help us to understand and manipulate the structure and function of the AIS.
Glucose triggers axon initial segment (AIS) plasticity of cultured neurons.
AIS lattice structure under glucose treatment shows an increased spacing by structured illumination microscopy imaging.
480‐kDa AnkG contributes to AIS plasticity.
Protective effect of grape seed extract against chronic physical stress‐induced zona fasciculata injury in male rats: Functional, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study
Authors: Khalifa Mohamed Mansour , Hassan Fatma E. , Abdallah Hanan , Bastawy Nermeen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against chronic immobilization stress‐induced zona fasciculata injury in Wistar male rats. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups: Non‐stress group: rats were not subjected to stress protocol and received distilled water orally for 30 days. Stress group: rats received distilled water orally for 15 consecutive days before the induction of chronic immobilization stress experiment (repeated stress for 15 consecutive days), distilled water was continued along with the constant stress experiment. GSE‐stress group: rats treated with oral GSE (300 mg/kg), administered orally for 15 consecutive days before the induction of chronic immobilization stress experiment (repeated stress for 15 consecutive days), GSE was continued along with the stress exposure. Chronic stress was induced by placing each animal in a restrainer for 2 h daily for 15 consecutive days in both Stress and GSE‐stress groups. The serum corticosterone and adrenal cortex malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured as indices of stress. Immunohistochemistry of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as a nitrosative stress marker beside the adrenal cortex's ultrastructure, particularly zona fasciculata, was assessed. Chronic restraint stress significantly elevated the serum corticosterone and adrenal cortex MDA levels, while oral administration of GSE reduced the serum corticosterone level, adrenal cortex MDA levels, and iNOS immunoreactivity in zona fasciculata. Besides, adrenocortical ultrastructure significantly improved. These results suggested that GSE enhanced the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under chronic stress conditions, protecting the adrenal cortex.Research HighlightsThis research highlighted the significant protective effects of grape seed extract administration on the histological findings, both in light and electron microscopic studies, as well as the biochemical and functional parameters in cases of stress‐induced adrenal cortex injury in rats.
In situ stabilization of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using iron‐rich water treatment residuals
Authors: Rathnayake Sewwandi , Schwab Arthur Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are common soil contaminants, environmentally hazardous, and threats to public health. Addition of soluble phosphate is known to be effective for in situ remediation of Pb‐contaminated soils, but phosphate additions displace As from the soil particles and increase As concentration in soil solution. This study examined the dual use of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) amendments to soil that was highly contaminated with As and Pb. The test soil originated from a former smelter site in Utah with As and Pb concentrations of 66,400 mg Pb kg–1 and 7,520 mg As kg–1. Goethite, ferrihydrite, and Fe‐rich water treatment residuals (Fe‐WTRs) were added to immobilize As, and soluble P was added to reduce Pb lability. The Fe amendments were added in Fe/As molar ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:10, and P was added in P/Pb molar ratios ranging from 0.2:1 to 5:1. Iron‐rich water treatment residuals were found to be the most effective Fe amendment. When Fe‐WTR and P were added simultaneously, the P concentrations required to immobilize Pb resulted in increased mobilization of As, even when Fe‐WTR were added at 10:1 Fe/As. However, when P was added first at 5:1 P/Pb, incubated for 1 wk, and then amended with Fe‐WTR at 10:1 Fe/As, both Pb and As were significantly immobilized. The proposed process is a practical remediation approach to soils co‐contaminated with Pb and As while encouraging re‐use of Fe‐WTR as a sustainable amendment.
Targeting the liver X receptor with dendrogenin A differentiates tumour cells to secrete immunogenic exosome‐enriched vesicles
Authors: Record Michel , Attia Mehdi , Carayon Kevin , Pucheu Laly , Bunay Julio , Soulès Régis , Ayadi Silia , Payré Bruno , Perrin‐Cocon Laure , Bourgailh Florence , Lamazière Antonin , Lotteau Vincent , Poirot Marc , Silvente‐Poirot Sandrine , de Medina Philippe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTumour cells are characterized by having lost their differentiation state. They constitutively secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEV) called exosomes when they come from late endosomes. Dendrogenin A (DDA) is an endogenous tumour suppressor cholesterol‐derived metabolite. It is a new class of ligand of the nuclear Liver X receptors (LXR) which regulate cholesterol homeostasis and immunity. We hypothesized that DDA, which induces tumour cell differentiation, inhibition of tumour growth and immune cell infiltration into tumours, could functionally modify sEV secreted by tumour cells. Here, we have shown that DDA differentiates tumour cells by acting on the LXRβ. This results in an increased production of sEV (DDA‐sEV) which includes exosomes. The DDA‐sEV secreted from DDA‐treated cells were characterized for their content and activity in comparison to sEV secreted from control cells (C‐sEV). DDA‐sEV were enriched, relatively to C‐sEV, in several proteins and lipids such as differentiation antigens, “eat‐me” signals, lipidated LC3 and the endosomal phospholipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, which stimulates dendritic cell maturation and a Th1 T lymphocyte polarization. Moreover, DDA‐sEV inhibited the growth of tumours implanted into immunocompetent mice compared to control conditions. This study reveals a pharmacological control through a nuclear receptor of exosome‐enriched tumour sEV secretion, composition and immune function. Targeting the LXR may be a novel way to reprogram tumour cells and sEV to stimulate immunity against cancer.
On the path partition number of 6‐regular graphs
Authors: Feige Uriel , Fuchs Ella 
Published: April 2022

AbstractApath partition(also referred to as a linear forest) of a graph is a set of vertex‐disjoint paths which together contain all the vertices of . An isolated vertex is considered to be a path in this case. The path partition conjecture states that every ‐vertex ‐regular graph has a path partition with at most paths. The conjecture has been proved for all . We prove the conjecture for .
Erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles aggravate inflammation by promoting the proinflammatory macrophage phenotype through TLR4–MyD88–NF-κB–MAPK pathway
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Jin Haiqiang , Tan Hui , Cai Xiaodong , Sun Yongan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransfusion of stored erythrocytes is associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality in critical infections, but the mechanism is incompletely understood. Previous studies have suggested that RBC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be potential risk factors for the occurrence of transfusion-related immunomodulation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of RBC-derived EVs under inflammatory conditions and explore the underlying mechanisms. In vivo, the activity of EVs was evaluated in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Our results showed that EVs significantly aggravated the inflammatory response to sepsis in serum and lung tissue by promoting the production of the proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α）-interleukin-6(IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reduced the survival rate of septic mice in vivo. Importantly, adoptive transfer of EVs-pretreated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) obviously aggravated systemic proinflammatory factors in mice after CLP surgery. In vitro, the proinflammatory properties of EVs were shown to elevate TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMDMs. Moreover, EVs promoted LPS-induced macrophage polarization into a proinflammatory phenotype. The underlying mechanism might involve EV-mediated up-regulation of TLR4–MyD88–NF-κB–MAPK activity to favor macrophage cytokine production.
Remdesivir treatment in hospitalized patients affected by COVID‐19 pneumonia: A case‐control study
Authors: Boglione Lucio , Dodaro Valentina , Meli Giulia , Rostagno Roberto , Poletti Federica , Moglia Roberta , Bianchi Bianca , Esposito Maria , Borrè Silvio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo date the optimal antiviral treatment against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has not been proven; remdesivir is a promising drug with in vitro activity against several viruses, but in COVID‐19 the clinical results are currently not definitive. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes (survival analysis, efficacy, and safety) in a group of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 treated with remdesivir in comparison with a control group of patients treated with other antiviral or supportive therapies. We included 163 patients treated with remdesivir and 403 subjects in the control group; the baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups; the mortality rate was higher in the control group (24.8% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.001), the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission was higher in the control group (17.8% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.008); hospitalization time was significantly lower in patients treated with remdesivir (9.5 vs. 12.5 days, p < 0.001). The safety of remdesivir was good and no significant adverse events were reported. In multivariate analysis, the remdesivir treatment was independently associated with a 34% lower mortality rate (odds ratio = 0.669; p = 0.014). In this analysis, the treatment with remdesivir was associated with lower mortality, lower rate of ICU admission, and shorter time of hospitalization. No adverse events were observed. This promising antiviral treatment should also be confirmed by other studies.
Analysis of the mechanism of saponin biotransformation in Dioscoreae nipponicae rhizoma by the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. C39 using whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Ding Changhong , Yu Dan , Chen Yiyang , Zhu Junyi , Wu Junkai , Du Xiaowei , Wang Xijun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFusarium sp. C39 is an endophytic fungus of Dioscorea nipponica Makino. Symbiosis of Fusarium sp. C39 with Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae (RDN) can significantly increase the content of saponin, which provides a new approach for saponin production and reduces the pressure on natural sources of saponins. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear, limiting its application. In this study, the genome of Fusarium sp. C39 was sequenced, the gene functions were predicted via gene annotation, and the genome was compared to the genomes of four related species. Fusarium sp. C39 is predicted to encode many key enzyme genes involved in saponin synthesis, which could transform the mevalonate, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and various intermediate compounds present in the RDN extract into saponins. The Fusarium sp. C39 genome contains specific genes that are conducive to its endophytic lifestyle and can provide abundant raw materials for saponin synthesis. Based on the genomic analysis, we proposed the mechanism by which Fusarium sp. C39 generates saponins and provides a theoretical basis for rapid, efficient, low‐cost production of saponins.
Effects of dietary supplementation of different levels of vitamin B12 on the liver metabolism of laying hens
Authors: Wang Rui , Bai Yan , Yang Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitamin B12 plays an important role in lipid, protein, carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolism. We investigated the effect of supplementing layers’ diets with different vitamin B12 levels on liver metabolism using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomic approach to observe and analyse wide‐target metabolomics in the liver.RESULTSWe assigned hens to three groups, namely blank control group without vitamin B12 diet (BCG), normal control group with 25 μg kg−1 vitamin B12 (NCG) and vitamin B12 supplement group I with 100 μg kg−1 vitamin (VBSG I). The VBSG I group layers had higher (P < 0.05) vitamin B12 concentration than those from other groups. The egg yolk vitamin B12 concentration increased (P < 0.01) with the increasing vitamin B12 dietary supplemental level. Between the NCG versus BCG, VBSG I versus BCG, and VBSG I versus NCG groups, 11, 20 and 11 metabolites were significantly changed, respectively. The KEGG pathway of vitamin B6 metabolism was significantly impacted in the NCG layers than those from BCG; seven and five pathways were significantly impacted in the VBSG I layers compared with those from BCG and NCG, including pyrimidine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, etc.CONCLUSIONWe concluded that 25 μg kg−1 vitamin B12 supplementation in corn–soybean meal‐based layer diet increased the egg yolk vitamin B12 concentration and impacted the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway, and 100 μg kg−1 of it increased the egg yolk and liver vitamin B12 concentrations and impacted vitamin B6, lipid, nucleic acid and amino acid metabolic pathways. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
COVID‐19 vaccination did not improve employee mental health: A prospective study in an early phase of vaccination in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Kuroda Reiko , Tsuno Kanami , Imamura Kotaro , Kawakami Norito 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of vaccination to improve mental health among employees in Japan based on a prospective study.MethodsThe data were retrieved from the Employee Cohort Study conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan (E‐ COCO‐J) at T1 (4–10 February 2021) and T2 (22–29 June 2021). Psychological distress was measured by using an 18‐item scale of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ). The analytic sample was limited to individuals employed at both T1 and T2 without missing covariates. Vaccination status was measured at T2. Statistical analysis was conducted to test the differential change in the psychological distress at T1 and T2 with the time × group interactions by using repeated ANOVA, adjusting for the covariates (gender, age, marital status, education, chronic disease, company size, industry, and occupation).ResultsOf the total sample (N = 948), 105 (11.1%) were vaccinated at least once at T2. The crude mean scores of psychological distress at T1 and T2 were 41.8 and 42.0 for vaccinated participants and 41.2 and 41.2 for nonvaccinated participants, respectively, with no significant effect of having been vaccinated (Cohen's d = 0.02, P = 0.833). After adjusting the covariates, there was no significance (P = 0.446).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 vaccination was supposed to have a limited effect on mental health among Japanese employees in an early phase of vaccination. To keep providing mental health care for employees is important even after starting the vaccination program.
Free and forced vibration analysis of 3D printed bioinspired sandwich beam using HSDT: Numerical and experimental study
Authors: Gunasegeran Muthukumaran , Edwin Sudhagar P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSandwich structures are used in aircraft, automobiles, and naval industries. The sandwich cores have a substantial impact on their structural behavior. The core design is a significant influencing factor in sandwich structures, and the core selection is even more critical. This study investigates the free and forced vibration analysis of bioinspired sandwich beams. The bioinspired PLA core is 3D printed by fused deposition modeling, and GFRP skin is fabricated using hand layup techniques. The complex shear modulus of the bioinspired core and the elastic modulus of the skin is evaluated using the alternative dynamic method and ASTM E1876, respectively. Among various bioinspired composite sandwich beam configurations, BIM02 produces the highest stiffness, followed by BIM01, BIM04, and BIM03 because of the strain energy distribution. Pattern arrangement of the core in the bioinspired sandwich beam has a significant difference in the natural frequencies. Further, a parametric study of the sandwich beam for four different 3D printed bioinspired PLA cores and ply configuration of the GFRP skin using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT).
School nurse and COVID‐19 response
Authors: McIntosh Constance E. , Brelage Pamela K. , Thomas Cynthia M. , Wendel Janelle M. , Phelps Barbara E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of the school nurse should not be understated when addressing the Covid‐19 pandemic and its effects on children and families. Knowledge surrounding this virus is rapidly changing and quick adaptation within the school system is required. In addition to the provision of direct care and education to students, school nurse responsibilities include the development and implementation of new policies; consideration of social and emotional well‐being; and effective communication with students, families, teachers, administrators, and community stakeholders. This article addresses current evidence related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and the evolving role of the school nurse. A case study incorporates tips and suggestions for school nurses who will deliver professional care during this COVID‐19 crisis.
Registration of ‘CA 4014’ and ‘CA 4015’ cotton cultivars
Authors: Maeda Andrea B. , Kelly Carol , Wyatt Zane Cole , Hague Steve , Morgan Valerie , Dever Jane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the United States is steadily growing because of increased consumer demand, market premium prices, and regulatory shifts. As organic production expands in the United States, adventitious presence of genetically engineered (GE) traits caused by either pollen‐ or seed‐mediated gene flow from nonorganically grown sources of cotton raises concerns about maintenance of purity requirements, either when marketing cotton or producing planting seed. Adapted cultivars with simply inherited, codominant leaf shape (okra‐leaf) distinct from commercial GE cotton cultivars represent an alternative strategy for maintaining purity through visual roguing, instead of expensive molecular testing. The Texas A&M AgriLife Research cotton breeding program in Lubbock, TX, developed two okra‐leaf cultivars adapted to organic production in the Texas High Plains. Cotton accession (CA) is the designation used for material developed in the Lubbock program. Cultivars ‘CA 4014’ (Reg. no. CV‐147, PI 699625) and ‘CA 4015’ (Reg. no. CV‐146, PI 699626) derived from 2014 crosses, individual plant selection followed by modified bulk selection, and 3 yr of replicated performance testing. CA 4014 and CA 4015 have similar yield and fiber quality to the cultivars currently used in Texas organic cotton production, with the advantage of a distinct and uniform morphological marker (okra‐leaf) that enables the identification and elimination, in the field, of off‐types.