bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maxitrol Ophthalmic Ointment Versus Prednisolone Acetate and Gentamicin Eye Drops after Pars Plana Vitrectomy: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Thakur MS Shambhawi , Wagner  , Gallagher Shawna , Kapoor  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMaxitrol ophthalmic ointment is a combination anti-inflammatory and antibiotic agent commonly used to manage post-operative inflammation and infection. In July 2019, Altaire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced the recall of 99 eye-care products as a precautionary measure due to quality assurance concerns. Recalled products included the generic Maxitrol ophthalmic ointment which is covered by most insurance plans, including Medicare and costs around $20 in the United States. The recall led to its shortage, and consequently, patients who were prescribed the Maxitrol ophthalmic ointment for their post-operative regimen were obliged to purchase the branded version at its full out-of-pocket cost ($213) as it is not covered by many insurance plans, including Medicare. The Prednisolone Acetate and Gentamicin eye drops have a combined retail price of $56, but are covered by Medicare and most insurance plans. They have been shown to be safe and effective against post-surgical inflammation and infection after cataract surgeries. In this study, we aim to compare the safety and efficacy of Maxitrol ophthalmic ointment and combination Prednisolone Acetate/Gentamicin eye drops on post-operative ocular inflammation and prevention of infection after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).Main BodyThis was a retrospective study including all patients that underwent PPV for macular hole repair, epiretinal membrane, vitreous debris removal, vitreous hemorrhage, and severe floaters from February 2019 to 2021. Patients with retinal detachment surgeries and diabetes were excluded due to wider variation in inflammation. The medical records of all surgical patients were thoroughly reviewed for the six-month post-operative period and clinical data points regarding infection and inflammation were recorded. Fischer’s exact test was utilized to analyze the data. Of 337 PPV surgeries, 178 eyes fulfilled the inclusion criteria. During the six-month post-operative period, there was no statistical difference in post-operative rates of infection or inflammation (p = 1.0). ConclusionBoth treatments were equally as safe and effective after PPV. This data is critical in allowing clinicians to optimize post-operative regimens, allowing flexibility regarding back orders of medication, sensitivity to ease of application, and awareness of cost-effectiveness.
Feature Impact Assessment: A New Score to Identify Relevant Metabolomics Features in Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Danhui , Greenwood Peyton , Klein Matthias S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are increasingly used in metabolomics.

Objectives

Given the multitude of implementations of ANN, there is no straightforward way to identify important features (metabolites). We developed a simple numeric score, the FIA score, to identify features of high importance.

Methods

FIA analysis was implemented in R and tested on microbial and human datasets.

Results

FIA scores correlated significantly to p -values and can provide information on the stability of ANN models.

Conclusion

FIA scores are a novel, simple score to assess the impact of features that will help interpreting ANN outcomes in the metabolomics area.
Exploring how green roof features attract birds in the city of Madison and conducting a hypothetical intensive green roof design
Authors: liu chongxiao NMN 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the development of urban systems, living in urban areas has become a global trend. The growing population, and the accompanying need for increased development, which brings with its problems such as flooding, decreased green space, fragmented habitats, the urban heat island effect, and air pollution. To help mitigate these problems and improve the urban environment, green technology is used to create roof gardens. These gardens benefit people by bringing them close to nature, and many can also provide habitat for birds. The purpose of this two-part study is to design bird-friendly green roofs for two proposed high-rise buildings which are part of a new downtown redevelopment project in the city of Madison, WI. The first part of the project includes a precedent study, in which I summarize available literature concerning green roof designs created to attract birds, and conduct a survey of the birds found on a the green roof garden located at Union South on the UW-Wisconsin Campus. To conduct the survey, I used a combination of checklists, maps and measuring tools to observe the number, species, and activities of the birds at each of the site’s behavior settings. I observed 8 different bird species, the most numerous of which were house sparrows. The results show that 1) a of combination design elements including a water feature, plant species providing food and shelter for birds, and structures such as handrails and fences, 2) adjacent areas that provide habitat, and 3) adjacent areas that provide leftover human food –such as an adjacent picnic area-- positively impact the birds on site; whereas people who move around close to the birds on site or bring dogs, keep the birds away.
Predicting Acute Kidney Injury Following Open Partial Nephrectomy Treatment Using SAT-Pruned Explainable Machine Learning Model
Authors: Lazebnik Teddy , Bahouth Zaher , Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky Svetlana , Halachmi Sarel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: One of the most devastating complications of Partial Nephrectomy (PN) is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which could have a negative impact on subsequent renal function and occurs in up to 24.3\% of patients undergoing PN. The aim of this study was to predict the occurrence of AKI following PN using preoperative parameters by applying machine learning algorithms. Methods: We included all adult patients (n=723) who underwent open PN in our department since 1995 and on whom we have data on the pre-operative renal function. We developed a random forest (RF) model with Boolean satisfaction-based pruned decision trees for binary classification (AKI or non-AKI). Hyper-parameter grid search was performed to optimize the model's performance. Five-fold cross-validation was applied to evaluate the model. We implemented a RF model with greedy feature selection to binary classify AKI and non-AKI cases based on pre-operative data. Results: The best model obtained a 0.69 precision and 0.69 recall in classifying the AKI and non-AKI groups on average (k=5). In addition, the model's probability to correctly classify a new prediction is 0.75. The proposed model is available as an online calculator. Conclusions: Our model predicts the occurrence of AKI following open PN with (75%) accuracy. We plan to externally validate this model and modify it to minimally-invasive PN.
Metagenomic sequencing provides evidence of the nasal microbiota’s influence on idiopathic orbital myositis: a case control study
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Ma Ruiqi , Gan Lu , Peng Zhiyu , Qian Jiang , Zhang Rui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Nasal microbiota is a key factor in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Its influence on orbital autoimmune diseases remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the influence of CRS-related nasal dysbiosis on extraocular muscle (EOM) microbiota in patients with or without idiopathic orbital myositis (IOM).Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited, including 4 cases in each study group [IOM(+) CRS(+) group, IOM(–) CRS(+) group, IOM(+) CRS(–) group, IOM(–) CRS(–) group]. The EOM tissues and corresponding incision tissues were sampled and processed with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The nasal swaps from middle meatus were collected and analyzed with 16s rRNA sequencing. The sequencing data were calculated with Shannon index for microbial diversity, principal component analysis for microbial abundance and linear discriminant analysis effect size for dominant species.Results: A total of 42 species of bacteria, 3 species of fungi and no virus were detected. Both microbial diversity and microbial abundance differed between the EOM and incision samples in IOM(–) CRS(+) and IOM(–) CRS(–) subjects, with Staphylococcus predominant in the EOM samples and Micrococcus luteus predominant in the incision samples. The microbiota also differed between EOM and swap samples in the IOM(–)CRS(+) subjects, and the most distinguishable species in the swab samples was Cutibacterium acnes. Further analysis of the swab samples confirmed nasal dysbiosis in the CRS(+) subjects with Staphylococcus haemolyticus representating as the dominant species. The microbiota of EOM samples differed between the IOM(–)CRS(+) and IOM(–)CRS(–) subjects, resulting into preponderance of Cutibacterium acnes in the IOM(–)CRS(+) subjects. Small discrepancies of EOM microbiota were detected between the IOM(+)CRS(+) and IOM(+)CRS(–) subjects, but data analysis showed no statistical significance. The above findings demonstrate an alteration of EOM microbiota in CRS patients, providing evidence that nasal dysbiosis may play a role in regulating microbial communities in EOM.Conclusions: This study provided a reference spectrum of EOM microbiota in IOM patients and offered insights into the nasal microbiota’s influence on orbital autoimmune conditions.(Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100047731. Registered 24 June 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=127896)
Topological phase transition between the gap and the gapless superconductors
Authors: Yerin Yuriy , Petrillo Caterina , Varlamov A. A. 
Published: February 2022

It is demonstrated that the known for a long time transition between
the gap and the gapless states in the Abrikosov-Gor’kov theory of a
superconductor with paramagnetic impurities is of the Lifshitz type,
i.e. of the 2\frac12212
order phase transition. We reveal the emergence of a cuspidal edge at
the density of states surface N(\omega,\Delta_0)N(ω,Δ0)
(\Delta_0Δ0
is the value of the superconducting order parameter in the absence of
magnetic impurities) and the occurrence of the catastrophe phenomenon at
the transition point. We study the stability of such a transition with
respect to the spatial fluctuations of the magnetic impurities critical
concentration n_sns
and show that the requirement for validity of its mean field description
is unobtrusive: \nabla \left( {\ln{n_s}} \right) \ll \xi^{-1}∇(lnns)≪ξ−1 (here \xiξ
is the superconducting coherence length). Finally, we show that,
similarly to the Lifshitz transition, the transition between gap and
gapless states should be accompanied by the corresponding singularities.
For instance, the superconducting thermoelectric effect has a giant peak
exceeding the normal value of the Seebeck coefficient by the ratio of
the Fermi energy and the superconducting gap. The concept of the
experiment for the confirmation of 2\frac12212
order transition nature is proposed. The obtained theoretical results
can be applied for the explanation of recent experiments with
lightwave-driven gapless superconductivity, for the new interpretation
of the disorder induced transition s_{\pm}s±-s_{++}s++
states via gapless state in multi-band superconductors, for better
understanding of the gapless color superconductivity in quantum
chromodynamics, the string theory.
A One Health evaluation of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in Butaro Sector, Rwanda
Authors: Coughlin Laura L. , Schurer Janna M. , Umubyeyi Carene , Sijenyi Salome , Arif Khurram , Niyonkuru Vivianne Umuhire , Byiringiro Emmanuel , Lutz Naomi , Korukire Noel , Murcott Susan , Amuguni Hellen J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 2018, rural residents of northern Rwanda raised water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access and availability as a community concern; however, no baseline information was available to prioritize communities for intervention. This study aimed to assess WASH for people and animals in four cells in Butaro Sector and to identify the cell with the lowest WASH access. This cross-sectional, quantitative study utilized telephone surveys to collect data. Households were randomly selected, and 539 male and female heads-of-household agreed to participate. Overall, 56.8% of households reported access to safe drinking water, but this differed significantly by cell (p &lt; 0.001). Approximately half (54.2%) of respondents walked 30 min or longer to fetch water, travelling one or more times per day. Nearly all (98.5%) households reported the presence of sanitation infrastructure, most often a pit latrine. Across cells, animals experienced poorer access to clean water and sanitation than people. One cell, Gatsibo, reported the poorest overall access to WASH services. Multi-sector collaboration among public health, water authorities, and local leaders is needed to reduce travel times for fetching water and to ensure that all residents can access sufficient safe water to meet the health and hygiene needs of people and animals.
ACAT Inhibitors: Potential Anti-atherosclerotic Agents
Authors: Sliskovic Drago R. , Trivedi Bharat K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:

The evolution of ACAT inhibitors •from purely hypocholestero­ lemic agents to potential anti-atherosclerdtic agents has occurred only recently.A large number of structurally diverse ACAT inhibitors were initially developed as hypocholesterolemic agets whose prime mechanism of action was inhibition of dietary cholesterol absorption in the intestine, however, efficacy for such non-absorbable agents, in humans, has remained elusive.	Esterification of cholesterol within the hepatocyte has
been shown to be required for VLDL synthesis and secretion, and inhibition of ACAT within the artery wall may prove to be the "ultimate" anti-atherosclerotic mechanism by preventing the formation of cholesterol ester loaded macrophages (foam cells), the precursors of the fatty streak, an early lesion in the atherosclerotic process. Thus, more recently, there has been a concerted effort to design more bioavailable inhibitors capable of inhibiting the enzyme in the liver and artery wall.
Displaying direct efficacy at the artery wall for an ACAT inhibitor has been complicated by the fact that in pre-clinical animal models, it has been difficult to dissociate the effects of lipid lowering from a true direct effect at the artery wall. Recently, a novel ACAT inhibitor, Cl-976, has been disclosed which displays anti-atherosclerotic activity in an injured cholesterol fed rabbit model of atherosclerosis without exhibiting a cholesterol lowering effect.The SAR around Cl-976 and related series will be discussed and placed in context with other novel structural types of ACAT inhibitors appearing in the recent literature.
Strategies to Find Novel Angiogenesis Inhibitors as Potential
Therapeutic Agents for Cancer
Authors: Oikawa Tsutomu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The development of therapeutic agents with mechanisms of action different from those of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs is now required in the field of anti-cancer drug therapy, and different approaches to this problem have been made. Considerable attention has been paid to compounds able to interfere with tumor-related angiogenesis. This is due to (1) increasing evidence that both tumor growth and metastasis depend on angiogenesis, and (2) accumulated findings indicating that different types of
angiogenesis inhibitors can prevent these two phenomena. Now it is expected that treatment
involving angiogenesis inhibitors will become a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review concerns the approaches we have taken so far for finding novel angiogenesis inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for cancer.
Inositol Analogs as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Kozikowski A. P. , Fauq A. H. , Malaska M. J. , Tuckmantel W. , Ognyanov V. I. , Powis G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The myo-inositol pathway is an attractive target for the control of cellular proliferation. Compounds which interfere with this pathway are potential targets for anticancer drug development. Chemical derivatives of selected intermediates along this pathway were constructed, including analogs of inositol, phosphatidylinositol and inositol phosphates. These
compounds were tested for their ability to effect metabolic regulation, intracellular Ca2+ release, as well as cellular trafficking. A number of these compounds were found to inhibit cell growth. The myo-inositol pathway as well as the biological activity of these novel inositol analogs is reviewed.
Atypical Antipsychotics Based on the D2/S-HT2 Ratio Hypothesis
Authors: Lowe John A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Medicinal chemistry has played a major role in the improvement of antipsychotic therapy by helping to develop the 02/5-HT2 ratio hypothesis. Early pharmacological insights implicating a role for serotonin in schizophrenia by virtue of its control of the dopamine system have been tested by numerous combined 02/5-HT2 receptor antagonists. Recent work indicates that 5-HT2 receptor blockade can compensate for relatively weaker 02 receptor affinity, lessening the chance of side effects while maintaining antipsychotic efficacy. Many of the newer agents are poised to test the validity of the 02/5-HT2 ratio hypothesis in the clinic.
The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiovascular, and Imprinting Disorders
Authors: Nepali Kunal , Liou Jing Ping , Sharma Ram , Sharma Sachin , Thakur Amandeep , Singh Arshdeep , Singh Jagjeet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Epigenetic mutations like aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, or RNA silencing are found in a number of human diseases. This review article discusses the epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, auto-immune disorder, and genomic imprinting disorders. In addition, emerging epigenetic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of such disorders are presented. Medicinal chemistry campaigns highlighting the efforts of the chemists invested towards the rational design of small molecule inhibitors have also been included. Pleasingly, several classes of epigenetic inhibitors, DNMT, HDAC, BET, HAT, and HMT inhibitors along with RNA based therapies have exhibited the potential to emerge as therapeutics in the longer run. It is quite hopeful that epigenetic modulator-based therapies will advance to clinical stage investigations by leaps and bounds.
Syntheses and Applications of N-halamines Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Jia Zhiqian , Peng Wenjuan , Zhang Tianqi , Hao Shuang , Xu Xin , Chen Yili , Li Suoding , Wen Jianping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Harmful microorganisms are widely present in the surrounding environment, causing a
large number of infectious diseases in human society and serious negative effects on human life. In
order to resist the damage of harmful microorganisms, antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of
microorganisms came into being. This review aimed to encompass current syntheses and applications
of N-halamines antimicrobial agents in the past five years, highlighting recent significant breakthroughs.
This review included an introduction to the classification of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial
mechanisms, syntheses, and applications of small molecular N-halamines and N-halamines polymers.
And finally, the conclusion and outlooks of N-halamines antimicrobial agents were provided.
Indacaterol Acetate/Glycopyrronium Bromide/Mometasone Furoate: A Combination Therapy for Asthma
Authors: Papi Alberto , Kostikas Konstantinos , Nikolaev Ivan , Kottakis Ioannis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Despite the wide range of available therapies, asthma remains uncontrolled in 40-65% of patients for a number of different reasons. Treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is rec-ommended in the Global Initiative for Asthma 2021 report for patients across all asthma severities, with treatment options combining an ICS with a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) or a LABA and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), depending on disease severity. Based on this, the avail-ability of a single inhaler fixed-dose ICS/LABA/LAMA combination is a major need in asthma management. Indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone furoate has been developed as a once-daily inhaled asthma treatment that combines an ICS (mometasone furoate), a LABA (in-dacaterol acetate), and a LAMA (glycopyrronium bromide) in a formulation delivered using the dry powder inhaler Breezhaler®, for patients with uncontrolled asthma on medium- or high-dose ICS/LABA. This article provides an overview of the different and complementary mechanisms of action and the clinical effectiveness of the monocomponents of the indacaterol/glycopyrronium/ mometasone furoate fixed combination and highlights the benefits of using the three agents in com-bination in patients with moderate and severe asthma.
Recent Advancements in Techniques used to Solve the RSU Deployment
Problem in VANETs: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Sharma Ayushi , Pandey Kavita 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Vehicular ad hoc network makes use of Roadside Unit to boost the communication ability
and provide internet access to vehicles. Unfortunately, in big cities with dense road network topology,
wireless propagation is disrupted due to several obstacles. Hence, a crowded RSU deployment is required
for full coverage of the urban environment. However, the installation cost of RSU is immense;
researchers thought of solving this issue as an optimization problem whose objective is to cover all
parts of the roads with a minimum number of RSUs, in return reducing the cost of the entire VANET
deployment. In this article, a brief account has been given on VANET and its challenges, followed by
a survey of different methods introduced to solve the RSU deployment problem. It will help the reader
to get a quick glance at the progress made in the field over the years.