bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Rather Than Vegetation Changes Dominate Changes in Effective Vegetation Available Water Capacity
Authors: Liu Meixian , Zhang Baoqing , He Xiaogang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChina has experienced significant vegetation greening over recent decades. Vegetation greening may regulate the effective vegetation available water capacity (EVAWC), which determines the root zone water availability for evapotranspiration. EVAWC is one of the most important factors controlling vegetation growth and ecosystem resilience. Despite its importance, quantifying EVAWC at large scale is challenging due to limited observations of soil properties and insufficient understanding of underlying physical processes. Thus, to what extent changes in EVAWC are driven by vegetation and climate change is still unclear. Here, we establish a physics‐based, data‐driven stochastic approach to examine the spatiotemporal variability of the EVAWC and its potential drivers over China, with the consideration of vegetation and climate dynamics. The major strength of our approach is that it does not require observations related to soil properties as inputs, but only needs a few simple hydrometeorological and remotely sensed vegetation parameters that can be easily obtained. On average, we find that vegetation changes tend to increase EVAWC over 71.0 ± 3.9% of the total land area in China, while climate variabilities tend to reduce EVAWC over 73.7 ± 9.5% of the land area. More importantly, the potential increase in EVAWC resulting from vegetation changes is offset by climate variability. As a result, the changes in EVAWC over recent decades are generally dominated by climate variabilities (relative contribution of 82.7 ± 9.6%) rather than vegetation changes, especially in humid and semihumid areas. Our results suggest that vegetation greening in China has subordinate impacts on EVAWC, and ecosystem resilience is mainly dominated by the local climate.
Randomised phase II trial of weekly ixabepilone ± biweekly bevacizumab for platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer
Authors: Roque Dana M. , Siegel Eric R. , Buza Natalia , Bellone Stefania , Silasi Dan-Arin , Huang Gloria S. , Andikyan Vaagn , Clark Mitchell , Azodi Masoud , Schwartz Peter E. , Rao Gautam G. , Reader Jocelyn C. , Hui Pei , Tymon-Rosario Joan R. , Harold Justin , Mauricio Dennis , Zeybek Burak , Menderes Gulden , Altwerger Gary , Ratner Elena , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This multi-center RP2 study assessed activity/safety of ixabepilone + bevacizumab compared to ixabepilone in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer. Additional objectives were to examine the role of prior bevacizumab and taxanes, and explore class III-ß-tubulin (TUBB3) as a predictive biomarker.

Methods
Participants were randomised to receive ixabepilone 20 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 with (IXA + BEV) or without (IXA) bevacizumab 10 mg/kg days 1, 15 every 28 days. Patients were stratified by prior BEV. The primary endpoint was PFS. OS, safety, and ORR served as secondary endpoints.

Results
Among 76 evaluable patients who received IXA + BEV (n = 39) compared to IXA (n = 37), the ORR was 33% (n = 13) versus 8% (n = 3)(P = 0.004), durable at 6 months in 37% (n = 14) and 3% (n = 1) (P < 0.001). BEV significantly improved PFS (median:5.5 vs 2.2 months, HR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.19–0.55, P < 0.001) and OS (median:10.0 vs 6.0 months, HR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.31–0.87, P = 0.006). Both regimens were well-tolerated. TUBB3 expression did not predict response. Subgroup analyses revealed minimal effect of prior BEV or taxane resistant/refractory status on response to IXA + BEV.

Conclusions
IXA + BEV is a well-tolerated, effective combination for platinum/taxane-resistant ovarian cancer that extends PFS and likely OS relative to IXA monotherapy. Prior receipt of BEV should not preclude the use of IXA + BEV. TUBB3 is not a predictive biomarker.

Clinical trial registration
NCT3093155.
Autolysosomes and caspase-3 control the biogenesis and release of immunogenic apoptotic exosomes
Authors: Beillevaire Déborah , Migneault Francis , Turgeon Julie , Gingras Diane , Rimbaud Annie Karakeussian , Marcoux Geneviève , Spino Crysta , Thibodeau Nicolas , Bonneil Eric , Thibault Pierre , Boilard Éric , Dieudé Mélanie , Hébert Marie-Josée 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApoptotic exosome-like vesicles (ApoExos) are a novel type of extracellular vesicle that contribute to the propagation of inflammation at sites of vascular injury when released by dying cells. ApoExos are characterized by the presence of the C-terminal perlecan LG3 fragment and 20S proteasome, and they are produced downstream of caspase-3 activation. In the present study, we assessed the relative roles of autophagy and caspase-3-mediated pathways in controlling the biogenesis and secretion of immunogenic ApoExos. Using electron microscopy and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in serum-starved endothelial cells, we identified large autolysosomes resulting from the fusion of lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, and autophagosomes as a site of ApoExo biogenesis. Inhibition of autophagy with ATG7 siRNA or biochemical inhibitors (wortmannin and bafilomycin) coupled with proteomics analysis showed that autophagy regulated the processing of perlecan into LG3 and its loading onto ApoExos but was dispensable for ApoExo biogenesis. Caspase-3 activation was identified using caspase-3-deficient endothelial cells or caspase inhibitors as a pivotal regulator of fusion events between autolysosomes and the cell membrane, therefore regulating the release of immunogenic ApoExos. Collectively, these findings identified autolysosomes as a site of ApoExo biogenesis and caspase-3 as a crucial regulator of autolysosome cell membrane interactions involved in the secretion of immunogenic ApoExos.
Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D covalent organic frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst
Authors: Pan Qinying , Abdellah Mohamed , Cao Yuehan , Lin Weihua , Liu Yang , Meng Jie , Zhou Quan , Zhao Qian , Yan Xiaomei , Li Zonglong , Cui Hao , Cao Huili , Fang Wenting , Tanner David Ackland , Abdel-Hafiez Mahmoud , Zhou Ying , Pullerits Tonu , Canton Sophie E. , Xu Hong , Zheng Kaibo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRhenium(I)-carbonyl-diimine complexes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction with covalent organic frameworks recognized as perfect sensitizers and scaffold support. Such Re complexes/covalent organic frameworks hybrid catalysts have demonstrated high carbon dioxide reduction activities but with strong excitation energy-dependence. In this paper, we rationalize this behavior by the excitation energy-dependent pathways of internal photo-induced charge transfer studied via transient optical spectroscopies and time-dependent density-functional theory calculation. Under band-edge excitation, the excited electrons are quickly injected from covalent organic frameworks moiety into catalytic RheniumI center within picosecond but followed by fast backward geminate recombination. While under excitation with high-energy photon, the injected electrons are located at high-energy levels in RheniumI centers with longer lifetime. Besides those injected electrons to RheniumI center, there still remain some long-lived electrons in covalent organic frameworks moiety which is transferred back from RheniumI. This facilitates the two-electron reaction of carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide.
Genomic variants affecting homoeologous gene expression dosage contribute to agronomic trait variation in allopolyploid wheat
Authors: He Fei , Wang Wei , Rutter William B. , Jordan Katherine W. , Ren Jie , Taagen Ellie , DeWitt Noah , Sehgal Deepmala , Sukumaran Sivakumar , Dreisigacker Susanne , Reynolds Matthew , Halder Jyotirmoy , Sehgal Sunish Kumar , Liu Shuyu , Chen Jianli , Fritz Allan , Cook Jason , Brown-Guedira Gina , Pumphrey Mike , Carter Arron , Sorrells Mark , Dubcovsky Jorge , Hayden Matthew J. , Akhunova Alina , Morrell Peter L. , Szabo Les , Rouse Matthew , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAllopolyploidy greatly expands the range of possible regulatory interactions among functionally redundant homoeologous genes. However, connection between the emerging regulatory complexity and expression and phenotypic diversity in polyploid crops remains elusive. Here, we use diverse wheat accessions to map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and evaluate their effects on the population-scale variation in homoeolog expression dosage. The relative contribution of cis- and trans-eQTL to homoeolog expression variation is strongly affected by both selection and demographic events. Though trans-acting effects play major role in expression regulation, the expression dosage of homoeologs is largely influenced by cis-acting variants, which appear to be subjected to selection. The frequency and expression of homoeologous gene alleles showing strong expression dosage bias are predictive of variation in yield-related traits, and have likely been impacted by breeding for increased productivity. Our study highlights the importance of genomic variants affecting homoeolog expression dosage in shaping agronomic phenotypes and points at their potential utility for improving yield in polyploid crops.
A computed tomography based survey study investigating the agreement of the therapeutic strategy for fragility fractures of the pelvis
Authors: Pieroh Philipp , Hohmann Tim , Gras Florian , Märdian Sven , Pflug Alexander , Wittenberg Silvan , Ihle Christoph , Blankenburg Notker , Dallacker-Losensky Kevin , Schröder Tanja , Herath Steven C. , Palm Hans-Georg , Josten Christoph , Stuby Fabian M. , Wagner Daniel , Höch Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTreatment recommendations for fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) have been provided along with the good reliable FFP classification but they are not proven in large studies and recent reports challenge these recommendations. Thus, we aimed to determine the usefulness of the FFP classification determining the treatment strategy and favored procedures in six level 1 trauma centers. Sixty cases of FFP were evaluated by six experienced pelvic surgeons, six inexperienced surgeons in training, and one surgeon trained by the originator of the FFP classification during three repeating sessions using computed tomography scans with multiplanar reconstruction. The intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability for therapeutic decisions (non-operative treatment vs. operative treatment) were moderate, with Fleiss kappa coefficients of 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.62) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.34–0.49). We found a therapeutic disagreement predominantly for FFP II related to a preferred operative therapy for FFP II. Operative treated cases were generally treated with an anterior–posterior fixation. Despite the consensus on an anterior–posterior fixation, the chosen procedures are highly variable and most plausible based on the surgeon’s preference.
Building a planter system using waste materials using value engineering environmental assessment
Authors: Al-Anzi Fawaz S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnvironmental challenges are significant threats to the planet; most of them are human-made hazards. Researchers are studying various environmental threats and trying to flourish sustainable policy for protecting the environment from various challenges worldwide. In Kuwait, researchers are paying attention to these various challenges and trying to reduce these issues in the most effective, economically innovative, and localized ways. Desertification and lack of water are the major significant examples of natural challenges faced by the environment. The fundamental goal of this study was to propose and implement a more cost-effective and economical alternative to the commercial Waterboxx kits technology. In this proposed work, the research team rebuilt a new prototype based on Value Engineering, whose functionalities are homogeneous to the most popular Waterboxx kits technology. Unlike the Waterboxx kits method, the new proposed framework decreased operational and capital expenditures and reduced the complexity of development and implementation by regular farmers. Since recycled plastic sheets and used tires are employed in the new method as grist, this method helps us fight against desertification and provide a better way to handle the ever-growing massive dumpsters of tires in the region of Kuwait; hence it helps us in getting rid of hazards due to the tire fires and bring in a more safe and friendly environment. A better substitute has been identified concerning the value from various substitutes considered for developing the prototype using a thorough examination with the help of the Function Analysis System Technique (FAST). A prototype of the proposed method was constructed and tested in a controlled lab atmosphere followed by an actual environment. Analysis of both soil and water on the experiment site was performed before and after the proposed prototype testing for conducting a cross-comparison of soil. This evaluation was performed to ensure the method we fabricated and tested is an effective environment-safe model. The simulation and analysis of the proposed method are very effective as the already existing model reduced and saved the cost of implementation. The cost reduced by the new proposed VE method than the already available model was 43.84% without paying attention to the intangible costs related to another environmental challenge, recycling waste materials that may also build up the cost-saving. This study illustrates how the proposed Value Engineering-based model became the foremost baseline method for developing a new innovative model to reduce cost and patentable design.
Pre-emptive analgesia with methylprednisolone and gabapentin in total knee arthroplasty in the elderly
Authors: Liszka Henryk , Zając Małgorzata , Gądek Artur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess whether administration of gabapentin and methylprednisolone as “pre-emptive analgesia” in a group of patients above 65 years of age would be effective in complex pain management therapy following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One hundred seventy patients above 65 years were qualified for the study, with exclusion of 10 patients due to clinical circumstances. One hundred sixty patients were randomly double-blinded into two groups: the study group (80 patients) and the control group (80 patients). The study group received as “pre-emptive” analgesia a single dose of 300 mg oral (PO) gabapentin and 125 mg intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone, while the control received a placebo. All patients received opioid and non-opioid analgesic agents perioperatively calculated for 1 kg of total body weight. We measured (1) pain intensity level at rest (numerical rating scale, NRS), (2) life parameters, (3) levels of inflammatory markers (leukocytosis, C reactive protein CRP), and (4) all complications. Following administration of gabapentin and methylprednisolone as “pre-emptive” analgesia, the NRS score at rest was calculated at 6, 12 (p < 0.000001), 18 (p < 0.00004) and 24 (p = 0.005569) h postoperatively. Methylprednisolone with gabapentin significantly decreased the dose of parenteral opioid preparations (p = 0.000006). The duration time of analgesia was significantly longer in study group (p < 0.000001), with CRP values lower on all postoperative days (1, 2 days—p < 0.00001, 3 days—p = 0.00538), and leukocytosis on day 2 (p < 0.0086) and 3 (p < 0.00042). No infectious complications were observed in the first postoperative days; in the control group, one patient manifested transient ischemic attack (TIA). The use of gabapentin and methylprednisolone as a single dose decreased the level of postoperative pain on the day of surgery, the dose of opioid analgesic preparations, and the level of inflammatory parameters without infectious processes.
Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the pathogenic fungus Ilyonectria destructans
Authors: Androsiuk Piotr , Okorski Adam , Paukszto Łukasz , Jastrzębski Jan Paweł , Ciesielski Sławomir , Pszczółkowska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIlyonectria destructans is a pathogenic fungus causing root rot and other symptoms on trees and many crops. This paper analyses the mitochondrial genome of I. destructans and compares it with other published Nectriaceae mitogenomes. The I. destructans mitogenome appears as a circular DNA molecule of 42,895 bp and an overall GC content of 28.23%. It contains 28 protein-coding genes (15 core protein genes and 13 free-standing ORFs), two rRNAs and 27 tRNAs. The gene content and order were found to be conserved in the mitogenome of I. destructans and other Nectriaceae, although the genome size varies because of the variation in the number and length of intergenic regions and introns. For most core protein-coding genes in Nectriaceae species, Ka/Ks < 1 indicates purifying selection. Among some Nectriaceae representatives, only the rps3 gene was found under positive selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of 15 protein-coding genes divided 45 Hypocreales species into six major clades matching the families Bionectriaceae, Cordycipitaceae, Clavicipitaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae. I. destructans appeared as a sister species to unidentified Ilyonectia sp., closely related to C. ilicicola, N. cinnabarina and a clad of ten Fusarium species and G. moniliformis. The complete mitogenome of I. destructans reported in the current paper will facilitate the study of epidemiology, biology, genetic diversity of the species and the evolution of family Nectriace and the Hypocreales order.
Model-based learning retrospectively updates model-free values
Authors: Doody Max , Van Swieten Maaike M. H. , Manohar Sanjay G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL) is widely regarded as divisible into two distinct computational strategies. Model-free learning is a simple RL process in which a value is associated with actions, whereas model-based learning relies on the formation of internal models of the environment to maximise reward. Recently, theoretical and animal work has suggested that such models might be used to train model-free behaviour, reducing the burden of costly forward planning. Here we devised a way to probe this possibility in human behaviour. We adapted a two-stage decision task and found evidence that model-based processes at the time of learning can alter model-free valuation in healthy individuals. We asked people to rate subjective value of an irrelevant feature that was seen at the time a model-based decision would have been made. These irrelevant feature value ratings were updated by rewards, but in a way that accounted for whether the selected action retrospectively ought to have been taken. This model-based influence on model-free value ratings was best accounted for by a reward prediction error that was calculated relative to the decision path that would most likely have led to the reward. This effect occurred independently of attention and was not present when participants were not explicitly told about the structure of the environment. These findings suggest that current conceptions of model-based and model-free learning require updating in favour of a more integrated approach. Our task provides an empirical handle for further study of the dialogue between these two learning systems in the future.
Cell surface expression of GRP78 and CXCR4 is associated with childhood high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnostics
Authors: Angeles-Floriano Tania , Rivera-Torruco Guadalupe , García-Maldonado Paulina , Juárez Esmeralda , Gonzalez Yolanda , Parra-Ortega Israel , Vilchis-Ordoñez Armando , Lopez-Martinez Briceida , Arriaga-Pizano Lourdes , Orozco-Ruíz Dario , Torres-Nava José Refugio , Licona-Limón Paula , López-Sosa Francisco , Bremer Alhelí , Alvarez-Arellano Lourdes , Valle-Rios Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute lymphocytic leukemia is the most common type of cancer in pediatric individuals. Glucose regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that facilitates the folding and assembly of proteins and regulates the unfolded protein response pathway. GRP78 has a role in survival of cancer and metastasis and cell-surface associated GRP78 (sGRP78) is expressed on cancer cells but not in normal cells. Here, we explored the presence of sGRP78 in pediatric B-ALL at diagnosis and investigated the correlation with bona fide markers of leukemia. By using a combination of flow cytometry and high multidimensional analysis, we found a distinctive cluster containing high levels of sGRP78, CD10, CD19, and CXCR4 in bone marrow samples obtained from High-risk leukemia patients, which was absent in the compartment of Standard-risk leukemia. We confirmed that sGRP78+CXCR4+ blood-derived cells were more frequent in High-risk leukemia patients. Finally, we analyzed the dissemination capacity of sGRP78 leukemia cells in a model of xenotransplantation. sGRP78+ cells emigrated to the bone marrow and lymph nodes, maintaining the expression of CXCR4. Testing the presence of sGRP78 and CXCR4 together with conventional markers may help to achieve a better categorization of High and Standard-risk pediatric leukemia at diagnosis.
Ant Lasius niger joining one-way trails go against the flow
Authors: Sakamoto Yuta , Sakiyama Tomoko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSocial insects, such as ants, use various pheromones as their social signal. In addition, they use the presence of other ants for decision-making. In this study, we attempted to evaluate if individual decision-making is influenced by the complementary use of pheromones and presence of other ants. Ants were induced to form a one-way flow system. We found that when ants entered such a system at a right angle, they tended to move in the opposite direction of the one-way flow system. Interestingly, the target ants moved randomly in the experiments in which no ant and/or no pheromone trails were present. We also developed simulation algorithms and found that artificial ant foragers could reach a certain goal more often if they adopted the reverse run (similar mechanism found in ant experiments) over the forward run (moving in the same direction as their nestmates).