bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant glaucoma following gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy: a case report
Authors: Bolletta Elena , Iannetta Danilo , Moramarco Antonio , Fontana Luigi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo report a case of malignant glaucoma that developed after gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT).Case presentationAn 85-year-old male pseudophakic patient affected by pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG), unresponsive to medical glaucoma treatment, underwent uneventful GATT surgery. On the first day after surgery, the eye showed a shallow central and peripheral anterior chamber (AC) with a raised intraocular pressure (IOP) measured at 55 mmHg. Optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant glaucoma.Laser iridotomy, posterior capsulotomy and hyaloidotomy were performed, and the patient was treated with atropine sulphate 1%, maximum topical and systemic ocular hypotensive drugs with no improvement in the IOP. Subsequently, the patient underwent pars plana anterior vitrectomy, resulting in deepening of the AC with opening of the iridocorneal angle and decrease of the IOP. No further postoperative complications were recorded, and the IOP remained controlled 12 months after surgery without antiglaucoma medications.ConclusionsDespite the minimally invasive profile of GATT, malignant glaucoma may develop after this procedure. Early recognition and prompt treatment are mandatory for preventing permanent visual loss.
Trends in hospitalization for paediatric flatfoot: an Italian nationwide study from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Papalia Rocco , De Salvatore Sergio , Ruzzini Laura , Candela Vincenzo , Piergentili Ilaria , Oggiano Leonardo , Costici Pier Francesco , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Flatfoot is a common condition in young patients, but usually resolves by adolescence. This study aimed to estimate annual trend hospitalizations for flatfoot in Italian paediatric population from 2001 to 2016.

Methods
Data of this study were collected from the National Hospital Discharge Reports (SDO) reported at the Italian Ministry of Health regarding the years of this paper (2001–2016). The yearly number of hospital admission for flatfoot, the percentage of males and females, the average age, the average days of hospitalization, primary diagnoses and primary procedures in the whole Italian population were calculated using descriptive statistical analyses.

Results
109,300 hospitalizations for flatfoot of young patients were performed during this period. 59.3% of patients were male and 40.7% female of the 10–14 years-old age class. The average days of hospitalization stay were 1.73 ± 1.27 days. The data highlights that the burden of flatfoot surgery is growing and affecting the healthcare system. The mean rate of hospital admissions in Italy for flatfoot in the young population was 82.14 for 100,000 inhabitants of the same age class.

Conclusions
The data highlights that the cases of flatfoot surgery increased from 2001 to 2016. The most common treatment was the “Internal Fixation Of Bone Without Fracture Reduction, Tarsals And Metatarsals followed by Subtalar Fusion and Arthroereisis. Further prospective studies on this topic may be conducted to improve the evidence of the results.
Prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases: lessons learned from a school-based intervention in Brazil (Zikamob)
Authors: Santos Silvana , Smania-Marques Roberta , Albino Victor Alves , Fernandes Izabelly Dutra , Mangueira Francisco Fernandes Abel , Altafim Ruy Alberto Pisani , Olinda Ricardo , Smith Matt , Traxler John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the 1980s, when dengue was reintroduced in Brazil, outbreaks and epidemics caused by different arbovirus strains transmitted by vector mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti have been an annual occurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioural change of high school students and teachers who participated in an educational intervention for the prevention and vector control of arboviral diseases.

Methods
In this school-based intervention, a self-reported questionnaire was used in a pre-post intervention methodology to assess environmental risk factors, sociodemographic variables and to measure attitudes and behaviours. In all, 883 high school students and teachers from the city of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, participated. The e-health intervention consisted of a competition between schools to comply with preventive actions via content production for social networks, and the monitoring was performed over a period of three months through the ZikaMob software developed by the researchers.

Results
Out of the 883 survey participants, 690 were students ranging in age from 14 to 41 years, with an average of 17 ± 2 years; and 193 were teachers from 22 to 64 years old, averaging 38 ± 9 years. The analysis of the data shows that significant differences in most of the target behaviours were apparent after the intervention, with an increase of about 10% in the performance of inspection actions; a 7% greater separation of recyclables and a 40% increase in the screening of windows among students. Students showed lower fear of, and a lower self-perception of the risk of, acquiring arboviruses than teachers on average.

Conclusions
ZikaMob is an innovative strategy with the potential to be replicated in any location that has an internet network and can involve an unlimited number of participants.
Opportunities to engage health system leaders in whole systems approaches to physical activity in England
Authors: Bird E. L. , Evans D. , Gray S. , Atherton E. , Blackshaw J. , Brannan M. , Corrigan N. , Weiner D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining good health and wellbeing, non-communicable disease prevention and can improve healthcare outcomes. Some progress is being made on incorporating physical activity into routine care, but less on engaging health system leaders in the ‘whole systems’ approaches which are increasingly recognised as important for addressing complex public health challenges such as physical inactivity. This commentary builds upon the findings of a recent study and aims to identify opportunities for engaging National Health Service (NHS) systems leaders in whole systems approaches to physical activity.

Opportunities for action in England
Pockets of good practice exist from which lessons can be learned, but there are systemic issues that discourage and create barriers, and a need for meaningful engagement, leadership and action at national, regional and local levels. National and regional actors like Sport England, NHS England, health professional bodies, Active Partnerships, the Local Government Association and the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities can encourage and support government and the NHS to change policy drivers, culture and practices. Emerging opportunities include the 2021 White Paper Integration and Innovation, development of local integrated care systems, leadership from health charities and investment in non-clinical interventions (‘social prescribing’). At local level, public health and physical activity specialists and other organisations have a key role as champions and facilitators of local whole systems approaches and engagement of local NHS leaderships. Finally, although whole systems action is about collaborative leadership, individual champions of physical activity can make a difference in influencing NHS leaders at every level towards whole systems working.
Missed opportunities for family planning counselling among postpartum women in eleven counties in Kenya
Authors: Thiongo Mary N. , Gichangi Peter B. , Waithaka Michael , Tsui Amy , Zimmerman Linnea A. , Radloff Scott , Temmerman Marleen , Ahmed Saifuddin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Mothers may access medical facilities for their babies and miss opportunities to access family planning (FP) services. This study was undertaken to describe missed opportunities for FP among women within the extended (0–11 months) postpartum period from counties participating in Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) surveys.

Design and setting
This study analysed cross-sectional household survey data from 11 counties in Kenya between 2014 and 2018. PMA2020 uses questions extracted from the Demographic and Health survey (DHS) and DHS definitions were used. Multivariable logistic regression was used for inferential statistics with p-value of < 0.05 considered to be significant.

Participants
Women aged 15-49 years from the households visited.

Primary outcome measure
Missed opportunity for family planning/contraceptives (FP/C) counselling.

Results
Of the 34,832 women aged 15-49 years interviewed, 10.9% (3803) and 10.8% (3746) were in the period 0–11 months and 12–23 months postpartum respectively, of whom, 38.8 and 39.6% respectively had their previous pregnancy unintended. Overall, 50.4% of women 0-23 months postpartum had missed opportunities for FP/C counselling. Among women who had contact with health care at the facility, 39.2% of women 0-11 months and 44.7% of women 12-23 months had missed opportunities for FP/C counselling. Less than half of the women 0-11 months postpartum (46.5%) and 64.5% of women 12 – 23 months postpartum were using highly efficacious methods. About 27 and 18% of the women 0-11 months and 12 – 23 months postpartum respectively had unmet need for FP/C. Multivariable analysis showed that being low parity and being from the low wealth quintile significantly increased the odds of missed opportunities for FP/C counselling among women in the extended postpartum period, p < 0.05.

Conclusions
A large proportion of women have missed opportunities for FP/C counselling within 2 years postpartum. Programs should address these missed opportunities.
Cytopathological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with and without HIV infection
Authors: Chen Xiang-mei , Sun Lei , Yang Kun , Chen Jia-min , Zhang Liang , Han Xiao-yi , Zhou Xingang , Ma Zhi-yuan , Li Man , Zhao Hong-xin , Qi Li-ming , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection can lead to a broad spectrum of lung diseases, including infectious diseases and tumors. Recently, with the wide application of bronchoscopes and cytopathology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the diagnostic efficiency of lung diseases has improved. The present study focuses on analyzing the cytopathologic characteristics of BALF in the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS-related lung disease and comparing the lung disease spectrum between HIV and HIV-uninfected patients.

Methods
BALF specimens were collected from 2211 patients. Using ThinPrep liquid-based technology, the cytologic smears were prepared by staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Gomori's methenamine silver (GMS), and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), acid-fast and immunocytochemical (ICC) staining. Real-time PCR was used to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in the remaining BALF. PCR-reverse dot hybridization was used for mycobacterial species identification.

Results
From the 2211 BALF specimens, 1768 (79.96%) were specimens from HIV-infected patients, and 443 (20.04%) were speciments from HIV-uninfected patients. The HIV-infected patients with a median age of 38.5 ± 11.3 years were markedly younger than the HIV-uninfected patients (52.9 ± 14.9 years) (p < 0.01). We found that 1635 (92.5%) HIV-infected patients were males, showing a prominently higher proportion than those without HIV infection (71.1%) (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, 1045 specific lesions were found in 1768 HIV-infected patients (59.1%), including 1034 cases of infectious diseases and 11 neoplastic lesions, also exhibiting a distinctly higher proportion compared to the HIV-uninfected patients (12.2%) (p < 0.001). For the HIV-infected group, a distinctly higher proportion of single infection lesions (724/1768, 41%) was noted than the HIV-uninfected group (14/443, 3.2%) (p < 0.001). Among single infection lesions, the most common was Cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection (20.9%) for the HIV-infected group, followed by Pneumocystis jiroveci(PJ) (13.0%), Fungal (3.5%), and Mycobacterial infections (3.4%), of which M. tuberculosis infection accounted for 3.1%. Double infections (300/1768, 17.0%) and Triple infections (10/1768, 0.6%) were found only among the patients with HIV. The malignancies among HIV-infected patients included adenocarcinomas (0.22%), small cell carcinomas (0.2%), squamous cell carcinomas (0.1%), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (0.1%). HIV-infected patients exhibited a significantly lower incidence of neoplastic lesions (0.6% vs. 9.0%) than the HIV-uninfected patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
There was a significant difference in the spectrum of lung diseases between HIV-infected and non-infected patients diagnosed by BALF cytopathology.
Evaluation of lateral pterygoid muscle in patients with temporomandibular joint anterior disk displacement using T1-weighted Dixon sequence: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Shuo , Chen Yu , She Dejun , Xing Zhen , Guo Wei , Wang Feng , Huang Hongjie , Huang Nan , Cao Dairong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Pathological alterations of lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) are implicated in temporomandibular joint anterior disk displacement (ADD). However, quantification of the fatty infiltration of LPM and its correlation with ADD have rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty infiltration, morphological features and texture features of LPM in patients with ADD using T1-weighted Dixon sequence.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent temporomandibular joint MRI with T1-weighted Dixon sequence between December 2018 and August 2020. The temporomandibular joints of the included patients were divided into three groups according to the position of disk: Normal position disk (NP) group, Anterior disk displacement with reduction (ADDWR) group and Anterior disk displacement without reduction (ADDWOR) group. Fat fraction, morphological features (Length; Width; Thickness), and texture features (Angular second moment; Contrast; Correlation; Inverse different moment; Entropy) extracted from in-phase image of LPM were evaluated. One-way ANOVA, Welch’s ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. Intra-class correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the reproducibility.

Results
A total of 53 patients with 106 temporomandibular joints were evaluated. Anterior disk displacement without reduction group showed higher fat fraction than normal position disk group (P = 0.024). Length of LPM was negatively correlated with fat fraction (r = -0.22, P = 0.026). Angular second moment (ρ = -0.32, P < 0.001), correlation (ρ = -0.28, P = 0.003) and inverse different moment (ρ = -0.27, P = 0.005) were negatively correlated with fat fraction, while positive correlation was found between entropy and fat fraction (ρ = 0.31, P = 0.001). The intra-class correlation coefficients for all values were ranged from 0.80 to 0.97.

Conclusions
Patients with ADDWOR present more fatty infiltration in the LPM compared to NP or ADDWR patients. Fatty infiltration of LPM was associated with more atrophic and higher intramuscular heterogeneity in patients with ADD. Fat fraction of LPM quantitatively and noninvasively evaluated by Dixon sequence may has utility as an imaging-based marker of the structural severity of ADD disease process, which could be clinical helpful for the early diagnose of ADD and predication of disease progression.
Preoperative management and postoperative complications associated with transoral decompression for the upper cervical spine
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Wang Bingjin , Feng Xiaobo , Hua Wenbin , Yang Cao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This review aimed to describe the preoperative management and postoperative complications associated with transoral decompression of the upper cervical spine, and to clarify the risk factors, related issues and complication management.

Methods
Studies on transoral decompression for the upper cervical spine were reviewed systematically. The preoperative management and postoperative complications associated with transoral decompression for upper cervical deformities were analyzed.

Results
Evidence suggests that preoperative management in patients undergoing transoral decompression for the upper cervical spine is closely related to the occurrence of postoperative complications. Hence, preoperative surgical planning, preoperative preparation, and oral nursing care should be seriously considered in these patients. Moreover, while being established as an effective and safe method, transoral decompression is associated with several postoperative complications, which could be prevented by elaborate preoperative management, improved surgical skills, and appropriate precautionary measures.

Conclusions
The effectiveness and safety of transoral decompression has been improved by the constant development of operative techniques and advanced auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic methods, with the understanding of the anatomical structure of the craniocervical joint. Therefore, the incidence rates of postoperative complications have decreased. The application of individualized anterior implants and less-invasive endoscopic endonasal approach has improved the effectiveness of transoral decompression and reduced the associated complications.
Evaluation of Doc’EDS: a French semantic search tool to query health documents from a clinical data warehouse
Authors: Pressat-Laffouilhère Thibaut , Balayé Pierre , Dahamna Badisse , Lelong Romain , Billey Kévin , Darmoni Stéfan J. , Grosjean Julien 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Unstructured data from electronic health records represent a wealth of information. Doc’EDS is a pre-screening tool based on textual and semantic analysis. The Doc’EDS system provides a graphic user interface to search documents in French. The aim of this study was to present the Doc’EDS tool and to provide a formal evaluation of its semantic features.

Methods
Doc’EDS is a search tool built on top of the clinical data warehouse developed at Rouen University Hospital. This tool is a multilevel search engine combining structured and unstructured data. It also provides basic analytical features and semantic utilities. A formal evaluation was conducted to measure the impact of Natural Language Processing algorithms.

Results
Approximately 18.1 million narrative documents are stored in Doc’EDS. The formal evaluation was conducted in 5000 clinical concepts that were manually collected. The F-measures of negative concepts and hypothetical concepts were respectively 0.89 and 0.57.

Conclusion
In this formal evaluation, we have shown that Doc’EDS is able to deal with language subtleties to enhance an advanced full text search in French health documents. The Doc’EDS tool is currently used on a daily basis to help researchers to identify patient cohorts thanks to unstructured data.
Telescreening satisfaction: disparities between individuals with diabetic retinopathy and community health center staff
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , Zou Haidong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The success of telescreening and the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in communities depends on stakeholder satisfaction, including both individuals with diabetes and community health center (CHC) staff. In this study, we investigated the satisfaction of both individuals with vision-threatening DR (VTDR) and CHC staff within the Shanghai Eye Disease Study (SEDS) comprehensive system for managing diabetic eye diseases at the primary care level.

Methods
The cross-sectional survey of patients receiving the service included 3,817 respondents with VTDR and focused on their satisfaction with the SEDS system, including the telescreening process, speed of feedback, interpretation of results, increased awareness of related diseases, and eye care services. The survey of the providers included 234 CHC staff respondents and focused on their satisfaction and the main barriers encountered during the implementation of the system. Sociodemographic characteristics and perceived barriers related to satisfaction were identified by conducting univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
The overall satisfaction of service recipients was 96.0%, and 75.8% of them were willing to undergo future telescreening for DR. The convenience of telescreening, organization of telescreening, and improvement in related disease awareness significantly correlated with satisfaction. Only 48.3% of the providers were satisfied with the SEDS system. The most frequently mentioned barriers to the development of the system were the inadequate levels of staffing (particularly technical staff), insufficient funding, and incomplete information transmission systems.

Conclusions
Disparities between high patient satisfaction and low provider satisfaction with the SEDS system were mainly related to the current weak level of ophthalmic expertise in the CHCs and the low awareness of screening for diabetic eye diseases among both patients and providers.
Protective action of natural and induced immunization against the occurrence of delta or alpha variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a test-negative case-control study
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Franchi Matteo , Rea Federico , Cereda Danilo , Barone Antonio , Borriello Catia Rosanna , Della Valle Petra Giulia , Ercolanoni Michele , Fortino Ida , Jara Jose , Leoni Olivia , Mazziotta Francesco , Pierini Elisabetta , Preziosi Giuseppe , Tirani Marcello , Galli Massimo , Bertolaso Guido , Pavesi Giovanni , Bortolan Francesco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of several new variants, and few data are available on the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 variants. We aimed to assess the association between natural (previous infection) and induced (partial or complete vaccination) exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the onset of new infection supported by the delta variant, and of comparing it with that supported by alpha.

Methods
We performed a test-negative case-control study, by linking population-based registries of confirmed diagnoses of infection with SARS-CoV-2, vaccinations against Covid-19 and healthcare utilization databases of the Italian Lombardy Region. Four hundred ninety-six persons who between 27 December 2020 and 16 July 2021 had an infection by the delta variant were 1:1 matched with citizens affected by alphavariant and 1:10 matched with persons who had a negative molecular test, according to gender, age and date of molecular ascertainment. We used a conditional logistic regression for estimating relative risk reduction of either variants associated with natural and/or induced immunization and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Previous infection was associated with 91% (95% CI 85% to 95%) reduced relative risk of reinfection, without evidence of significant differences between delta and alpha cases (p=0.547). Significant lower vaccinal protection against delta than alpha variant infection was observed with reduced relative risk associated with partial vaccination respectively of 29% (7% to 45%), and 62% (48% to 71%) (p=0.001), and with complete vaccination respectively of 75% (66% to 82%) and 90% (85% to 94%) (p=0.003).

Conclusions
Lower protection towards infections caused by the delta variant with respect to alpha variant was noticed, even after the completion of the vaccination cycle. This finding would support efforts to maximize both vaccine uptake with two doses and fulfilment with individual protection measures, especially as the delta variant is rampant worldwide presently.