bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological changes of common respiratory viruses in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ye Qing , Wang Dongjie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA variety of non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented to control the transmission of COVID‐19 in China. The effect of NPIs on other common respiratory viruses in children of different age groups has not been examined thus far. Respiratory specimens of children were collected to detect common childhood respiratory viruses, including influenza A (FluA), influenza B (FluB), adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The epidemiological characteristics of the respiratory viruses in 2020 were compared with those in 2019. From January 2019 to December 2020, 165 622 specimens were collected. The proportion of infants aged 0−28 days (683, 2.24% vs. 1295, 0.96%, p = 0.000) and 1−12 months (8560, 28.12% vs. 20 875, 15.43%, p = 0.000) in 2020 increased significantly compared with that in 2019. There were two obvious increases in April and September in the number of specimens in children aged 4−6 years and >7 years. FluA, FluB, and RSV's age distribution patterns were surprisingly consistent with each other in 2020, and the positive rates of children aged 1−12 months were the highest in all age groups (FluA: 4.45%, FluB: 3.30%, RSV: 7.35%). Our study further confirms that the NPIs significantly decreased the transmission of common childhood respiratory viruses. The change in circulation characteristics of common respiratory viruses of children in different age groups varied. Therefore, we recommend that different protection strategies should be introduced for children of different age groups.
Is Shared Leadership Really as Perfect as We Thought? Positive and Negative Outcomes of Shared Leadership on Employee Creativity
Authors: Wang Hui , Peng Qian 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe link between shared leadership and employee creativity has been consistently labeled as positive in prior studies, discounting a possible negative relationship. A parallel mediation model was constructed to establish the favorable and unfavorable outcomes of shared leadership on employee creativity. The model is based on the job demands–resources model that originates from conservation of resource theory. Psychological safety and role stress play positive and negative mediating roles, respectively. The theoretical model was validated using data collected from 232 employees of 42 teams in China. Empirical results demonstrate (a) a positive association between shared leadership and employee creativity through psychological safety and (b) a negative one through role stress. These relationships have theoretical and practical implications.
Distribution of RET proto‐oncogene variants in children with appendicitis
Authors: Schultz Jurek , Freibothe Ines , Haase Michael , Glatte Patrick , Barreton Gustavo , Ziegler Andreas , Görgens Heike , Fitze Guido 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to patient‐related systemic factors directing the immune response, the pathomechanisms of appendicitis (AP) might also include insufficient drainage leading to inflammation caused by decreased peristalsis. Genetic predisposition accounts for 30%–50% of AP. M. Hirschsprung (HSCR), also characterized by disturbed peristalsis, is associated with variants in the RET proto‐oncogene. We thus hypothesized that RET variants contribute to the etiology of AP.MethodsDNA from paraffin‐embedded appendices and clinical data of 264 children were analyzed for the RET c.135A>G variant (rs1800858, NC_000010.11:g.43100520A>G). In 46 patients with gangrenous or perforated AP (GAP), peripheral blood DNA was used for RET sequencing.ResultsGermline mutations were found in 13% of GAP, whereas no RET mutations were found in controls besides the benign variant p.Tyr791Phe (NC_000010.11:g.43118460A>T). In GAP, the polymorphic G‐allele in rs2435352 (NC_000010.11:g.43105241A>G) in intron 4 was underrepresented (p = 0.0317).ConclusionOur results suggest an impact of the RET proto‐oncogene in the etiology of AP. Mutations were similar to patients with HSCR but no clinical features of HSCR were observed. The pathological phenotypes in both populations might thus represent a multigenic etiology including RET germline mutations with phenotypic heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance.
Differential Effects of Three Crab Trap Escape Ring Sizes on Retention of Male and Female Blue Crabs
Authors: Olsen Zachary , Topping Darin , Wagner Tom , Anderson Joel , Gelpi Carey , Sutton Glen , Carrillo Nicole 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus supports a valuable commercial fishery in Texas waters. Several regulatory tools are used to manage the catch of blue crabs, including the use of escape rings, which are designed to allow for the escapement of undersized individuals. In this study, we first examined the relationship between carapace width (CW) and carapace length (CL) for male and female blue crabs (with an eye toward the effectiveness of the escape rings). Second, we examined the retention rates for male and female blue crabs across a range of CWs for three different escape ring sizes: 60.3 (current Texas minimum escape ring size), 63.5, and 66.7 mm. Male crabs were found to have a greater CL at a given CW than did female crabs, and this discrepancy between the sexes increased at larger CWs. Assuming that CL is the primary determinant in crab trap retention, this would suggest that males are typically retained at a smaller CW than females and this discrepancy at size of retention increases for larger escape rings. This interpretation was validated in the retention analyses for the three escape ring sizes examined in this study. Overall, the carapace width at 50% retention (CW50) increased with increasing escape ring size for each sex and the discrepancy between CW50 for male and female crabs increased from 4.4 mm (60.3-mm ring) to 5.0 mm (63.5-mm ring) to 7.2 mm (66.7-mm ring). The probability of retention is given for a range of potential minimum CWs (127, 140, and 152 mm) for each escape ring size. Fishery managers should select appropriate escape ring sizes given the target legal minimum CW for the blue crab fishery and also consider the differential performance of these escape ring sizes between sexes when using crab trap escape rings as a management tool.
Strain localization criteria for viscoplastic geomaterials
Authors: Xue Dawei , Shahin Ghassan , Lü Xilin , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work presents a viscoplastic localization criterion to detect quasi‐instantaneous (i.e., load‐induced) and delayed (creep‐induced) strain localization in rate‐dependent solids. The study is based on the theory of controllability and a viscoplastic description of the mechanical response. Analytical precursors of unstable states are defined through systems of ordinary differential equations (OEDs). The use of the proposed criteria is illustrated at the material point level through a set of strain localization analyses simulating active strain localization of a porous rock. In addition, full‐field finite element simulations of compression tests conducted under various pressures are reported to demonstrate the role of local unstable viscoplasticity in the spontaneous propagation of deformation bands under stationary boundary conditions. The study shows that the viscoplastic localization criterion maintains a negative sign as long as the behavior is unstable, that is, the rate of deformation is accelerating. The sign switch coincides with the transition to decelerating deformation. The analyses revealed that pulses of overstress always emerge in correspondence with the growth of unstable behavior, and the peak matches the transition to stable behavior. The local responses recovered from full‐field analyses were consistent with those observed in analyses at material point level and the predictions of the presented theory.
Bayesian calibration for large‐scale fluid structure interaction problems under embedded/immersed boundary framework
Authors: Cao Shunxiang , Zhengyu Huang Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBayesian calibration is widely used for inverse analysis and uncertainty analysis for complex systems in the presence of both computer models and observation data. In the present work, we focus on large‐scale fluid‐structure interaction systems characterized by large structural deformations. Numerical methods to solve these problems, including embedded/immersed boundary methods, are typically not differentiable and lack smoothness. We propose a framework that is built on unscented Kalman filter/inversion to efficiently calibrate and provide uncertainty estimations of such complicated models with noisy observation data. The approach is derivative‐free and non‐intrusive, and is of particular value for the forward model that is computationally expensive and provided as a black box which is impractical to differentiate. The framework is demonstrated and validated by successfully calibrating the model parameters of a piston problem and identifying the damage field of an aircraft wing under transonic buffeting.
Extended isogeometric analysis of a progressively fracturing fluid‐saturated porous medium
Authors: Fathi Farshid , Chen Lin , Hageman Tim , de Borst René 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn extended isogeometric analysis (XIGA) approach is proposed for modeling fracturing in a fluid‐saturated porous material. XIGA provides a definition of the discontinuity independent of the underlying mesh layout, which obviates the need of knowing the crack extension direction a priori. Unlike Lagrange shape functions used in the standard finite element approach, non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS) provide a higher‐order interelement continuity which leads to a continuous fluid flow also at element boundaries, thereby satisfying the local mass balance. It also leads to an improved estimate of the crack path due to a smoother stress distribution. The NURBS basis functions are cast in finite element data structure using Bézier extraction. To model the discontinuity, the Heaviside sign function is utilized within the displacement and the pressure fields, complemented by the shifting and the blending techniques to enforce compatibility perpendicular and parallel to the crack path, respectively. Different aspects of the approach are assessed through examples comprising straight and curved crack paths for stationary and propagating discontinuities.
Isotopic assessment of diet and infant feeding practices among Ottoman‐period Bedouin from Tell el‐Hesi
Authors: Gregoricka Lesley A. , Ullinger Jaime M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStable nitrogen and carbon isotopes from human bone collagen (n = 20) were used to examine adult diet and infant feeding practices among the Ottoman‐period Bedouin at Tell el‐Hesi (ca. 1500–1800 CE). Among adults, δ15N values point to a diet dependent on animal protein, fitting with ethnohistoric accounts detailing the reliance of these communities on secondary animal products. Nevertheless, differential access to animal protein was evident between males (δ15N:x̅ = 10.7 ± 0.4‰, 1σ) and females (x̅ = 9.2 ± 0.6‰, 1σ), who consumed proportionally more plant proteins that likely included cereals used to make bread. Carbon isotope values (x̅ = − 17.4 ± 0.4‰, 1σ) were similar between the sexes and suggest a mixed C3‐C4diet, indicating that domesticated cultivars likely contributed to food intake alongside animal products and were either obtained through trade with more sedentary groups or grown by Bedouin themselves as part of agropastoral ways of life. Nonadult δ15N values are suggestive of an extended period of supplemental breastfeeding alongside complementary feeding similar to those reported among more nomadic historic Bedouin groups. Higher δ13C values among nonadults (x̅ = − 15.7 ± 1.9‰, 1σ) throughout infancy and young childhood differed statistically from those of adults, possibly indicative of a specialized, prescribed diet for pregnant and nursing mothers as well as for young children that included resources possessing higher δ13C values, perhaps derived from C4cereals or camel's milk.
Violence in Hasmonean Judea: Skeletal evidence of a massacre from 2nd–1st century BCE Jerusalem
Authors: Dittmar Jenna M. , Nagar Yossi , Arbiv Kfir , Lieberman Tehillah , Mitchell Piers D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring a salvage excavation conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority, a mass grave containing the skeletal remains from 124 individuals, many with evidence of weapon injuries, was discovered in a water cistern outside the Old City of Jerusalem. Radiocarbon dates derived from human bone and the date of the material finds suggest the skeletal remains date to the end of the 2nd century or the beginning of the 1st century BCE. The aim of this research is to analyze the weapon injuries in order to reconstruct the nature and context of this violence. The human skeletal remains from 23 individuals recovered from the cistern were selectively retained and examined macroscopically in a laboratory setting. Silicone casts of selected weapon injuries (n = 5) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Numerous examples of peri‐mortem blunt‐ and sharp‐force trauma were observed including evidence that at least 16 individuals were decapitated. The extent and nature of the observed injuries as well as the evidence of their haphazard deposition into the cistern suggest that these individuals were the victims of a massacre. As a highly visible act of violence, massacres are often used as a mechanism for social control. When contextualized, this skeletal assemblage is most likely evidence of a massacre that occurred during the reign of the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus. This is the first archeological evidence for the use of socially sanctioned violence to legitimize the Hasmonean state and to maintain social control at the end of the 2nd century–early 1st century BCE.
The mediating role of self‐efficacy in the association between perceived stigma and psychosocial adjustment: a cross‐sectional study among nasopharyngeal cancer survivors
Authors: Yan Ming‐hui , Fan Yuying , Chen Minlin , Zhang June 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine the levels of and associations between perceived stigma, self‐efficacy, and psychosocial adjustment (PA) among nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors, and to identify the mediating role of self‐efficacy between stigma and PA and explore the influencing factors of PA.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted and 307 NPC survivors were recruited by convenience sampling method in Southern China from July 2019 to January 2020. Data analyses were performed with the SPSS WIN 25.0 program and PROCESS macro version 3.3.ResultsStigma and self‐efficacy were positively associated with PA among Chinese NPC survivors. Tumor‐free survival time, late toxicities (fatigue, dizziness and headache, and hearing loss), stigma, and self‐efficacy entered the final regression model and explained 55.9% of the variance of PA. The total and direct effects of stigma on PA and its subscales were significant (p < 0.05). Positive indirect effects were found for stigma on PA via self‐efficacy (point estimate = 0.159, SE = 0.032, 95% CI [0.102 to 0.229]).ConclusionsStigma and self‐efficacy are significantly associated with PA, and self‐efficacy is also a mediating variable between stigma and PA among NPC survivors. Medical staff could improve the PA of NPC survivors by alleviating their stigma, enhancing their self‐efficacy, and relieving their late toxicities (fatigue, dizziness and headache, and hearing loss).
Empowerment in cancer patients: Does peer support make a difference? A systematic review
Authors: Ziegler Elâ , Hill Josephine , Lieske Berit , Klein Jens , dem Olaf von , Kofahl Christopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveEmpowerment is critical for cancer patients to make informed choices, to manage medication, and to navigate through the oncological care system. Cancer peer support provides patients with information, emotional relief and may promote empowerment. This paper provides a systematic review of the literature examining the impact of cancer peer support interventions on psychological empowerment.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX databases were systematically searched from inception until December 2020. We included quantitative studies, published in English or German, which examined peer‐led cancer support interventions and their impact on the three components of psychological empowerment (intrapersonal, interactional and behavioural) among participating cancer patients.ResultsDatabase searches and screening of relevant reference lists identified 2336 potentially relevant articles. A total of 29 studies were included in the review. Active coping, self‐efficacy and knowledge were the most prominent dimensions of empowerment in these studies. The majority of studies revealed that peer support led to a small to medium, significant increase in psychological empowerment, and was associated with further patient‐reported benefits.ConclusionsThe existing evidence suggests a weak to moderate, positive association between cancer peer support and the three components of psychological empowerment among cancer patients. Peer support groups should be seen as an important element in cancer care and clinical practice and, thus, be more systematically involved in cancer care.
Semi‐Markov models of epidemics over networks with time delays
Authors: Ghousein Mohammad , Moulay Emmanuel , Coirault Patrick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we extend the Markov models describing the susceptible‐infected‐susceptible (SIS) epidemics over undirected networks to take into account the virus minimum incubation period and the minimum recovery period of an infected individual. We represent both periods as time delays in the states of the extended model. However, due to the addition of time delays, the process loses its Markovain property. We use the generalized semi‐Markov theory to introduce both the incubation and recovery delays to the probabilistic dynamical models. Hence, in this paper, we propose a time‐delay version of the two principal models of the SIS epidemics over undirected networks: the exactstate model and the approximatedintertwined model. Finally, using Lyapunov analysis, we give sufficient conditions that guarantee the global exponential stability of the time‐delayintertwined model.
Aliphatic Polyurethane Films Based on Hexamethylene Diisocyanate and Saccharides for Biocompatible Transparent Coating on Optic Medical Devices
Authors: Gürses Canbolat , Karaaslan‐Tunç Merve Gökşin , Keleştemur Ünzile , Balcıoğlu Sevgi , Gülgen Selam , Köytepe Süleyman , Ateş Burhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolyurethanes are widely used in daily life, from the textile industry to medical applications. In this study, a biocompatible and transparent coating from polyethylene glycol‐based polyurethanes including different type of saccharide (xylose as monosaccharide, sucrose as disaccharide, or starch as polysaccharide) is prepared. Prepared optically transparent polyurethanes are characterized with different instrumental analysis techniques and contact‐angle measurements. Thermogravimetric analysis data allow understanding that the synthesized saccharide based polyurethanes are resistant to high temperatures, which means that medical devices can be easily coated with one of the saccharide‐based polymers during the manufacturing process. The study results also show that synthesized polyurethane samples having a different kind of saccharides present high biocompatibility and transparency properties via In vitro cytotoxicity analysis and optic transparency tests. For xylose, sucrose, or starch containing polyurethanes, the tranmittance values are 97.72%, 85.20%, and 89.23%, respectively. In addition, scanning electron microscope images show that the samples also have smooth surfaces which can be used for proper coating of medical devices. Consequently, this manuscript addresses synthesis and characterization of the optically transparent polyurethanes based on specific saccharides for biocompatible and transparent surfaces especially in optic medical devices such as colonoscopy applications and laparoscopic detection probes.
Experimental and analytical study on shear behavior of strain‐hardening cementitious composite beams reinforced with fiber‐reinforced polymer bars
Authors: Gu Dawei , Pan Jinlong , Luković Mladena , He Jixuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractApplication of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement in concrete beams may cause large deflection and crack width, as well as low shear capacity and ductility due to relatively small stiffness of FRP materials. To avoid these unfavorable factors and evaluate the shear behavior of FRP‐reinforced structural members, a high‐performance strain‐hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) is introduced to substitute conventional concrete in reinforced beams, and four‐point bending test is conducted in this study. Six FRP‐reinforced SHCC beams with different transverse reinforcement ratios and shear spans, as well as one concrete reference beam, were tested. According to the test results, the FRP‐reinforced SHCC beam showed enhanced shear carrying capacity and superior ductility compared with the concrete beams. The shear span to effective depth ratio as well as the stirrup ratio has a great influence on the shear behavior of FRP‐reinforced SHCC beams, including the failure mode, load‐carrying capacity, crack propagation, and ductility. Finally, a simplified truss‐strut model for predicting shear carrying capacity of steel or FRP‐reinforced SHCC beams is proposed, and a good agreement is achieved with the experimental results.
Global talent management by multinational enterprises post‐COVID‐19: The role of enterprise social networking and senior leadership
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri , Chaudhuri Ranjan , Vrontis Demetris , Mahto Raj V. , Kraus Sascha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultinational enterprises' (MNEs') workforce is made up of people from diverse backgrounds and different locations around the globe. The cross‐border transfer of knowledge, skills, and best practices among MNE employees is important to maintain global standards and competitiveness. In the post‐COVID‐19 period, there is a greater need to exchange knowledge in the changing business environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the issues related to MNEs' global talent management, post‐COVID‐19. The study investigates the use of enterprise social networking applications for better knowledge exchange and tries to understand the moderating role of senior leadership team support in facilitating the usage of enterprise social networks for cross‐border collaboration and talent management. After reviewing the literature and relevant theories, we developed a conceptual model, which is then validated using the SEM technique with 347 respondents from 12 MNEs. The study reveals the importance of using enterprise social networks for cross‐border knowledge exchange in the post‐COVID‐19 period.