bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Grained Ranking Network for Event Extraction
Authors: Duan Rongcheng , Guo Peixin , Zhang Desheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Event Extraction is a complicated task in Information Extraction including three subtasks: Entity Mention Detection, Event Detection, and Argument Role Prediction. Previous work for Event Extraction is usually done in the form of pipelined approach. Recently, end-to-end models for Event Extraction are getting more attention, but two problems still exist. First, different subtasks focus on different granularities of context information, but in the existing methods, all three subtasks share a unified representation, thus the information interested by a specific task may be underestimated or even ignored. Second, the interrelationship among events and entities has a strong influence in figuring out the meaning of a specific trigger or entity, but the existing methods are suffering in issues like time-dependency that a decision made later can only affect the rest of the sentence but has no way to update the previous one. Such limitations lead to insufficient use of the correlation between event elements in the sentence. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Grained Ranking Network for Event Extraction, which performs the three subtasks simultaneously in a single model. To handle the first problem, we design a dynamic Span Generator to construct multi-grained span representations from three granularities: sentence, neighbors, and content. Task-specific BERT-Rescale Gate units are applied in the Generator to capture the features of interest for each subtask respectively. As for the second challenge, we implement two attention mechanisms to explore the association of event-event and event-entity. The Events-Aware Attention is assigned to capture the association between events. While the Arguments-Aware Co-Attention is designed to model the relationship among entities in a specific event. The experiments on ACE-2005 prove that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in all subtasks of end-to-end Event Extraction.
Study of efficiency and gain uniformity at different gas flow rates of a quad-GEM detector
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rupamoy , Adak Rama Prasad , Sahu Sanjib Kumar , Sahu Pradip Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A quad-GEM is particularly useful for its low ion back flow, excellent rate capability, good position resolution, high gain at relatively low operating voltage in the next generation high energy physics experiments. In this work, the efficiency and uniformity of gain of a prototype quad-GEM detector are studied. A simple method is used to estimate the efficiency with the help of an oscilloscope as a triggering and storage device. An efficiency of ≈ 95% is obtained at a voltage of ΔVGEM ≥ 340 V using cosmic muons as a source. A systematic study of the uniformity of gain over the active area of the detector is done with a Fe55 X-ray source.
The uniformity of gain has a spread of 11.1% over the active area of the quad-GEM detector for ΔVGEM = 360 V.
The effect of gas flow rate and direction of gas flow in determining the gain are investigated for the first time for a quad-GEM detector.
It is observed that different flow rates does not affect the gain uniformity significantly. However, the overall gain of the detector initially increases with the gas flow rate and starts to saturate at a higher flow rate.
Warmer winters are reducing potential ice roads and port accessibility in the Pan-Arctic
Authors: Dong Yuanbiao , Xiao Pengfeng , Zhang Xueliang , Wu Youlv , Wang Huadong , Luan Wenbo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transportation in the Pan-Arctic winter is highly dependent on ice roads, which are affected by surface air temperatures and snow cover. In the context of polar increased warming, there is an urgent need to quantify the uncertainties of ice roads and their contribution to terrestrial transport. We evaluated the spatiotemporal characteristics of potential ice road changes by calculating four indicators: potential ice road area (PIRA), potential ice road days (PIRDs), potential ice road onset date (PIROD), and potential ice road end date (PIRED) from October to May, 1979–2017. Taking port accessibility as an example, we constructed a port accessibility model to quantify the contribution of potential ice roads to terrestrial transport. All four indicators showed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in potential ice roads. PIRA experienced the largest share of losses in May (∼25%) and the sharpest reductions in April (2.77 × 104 km2 yr−1). PIRDs were shortened by an average of 0.41 d yr−1, and delayed PIROD (0.28 d yr−1 on average) was more severe than advanced PIRED (0.21 d yr−1 on average). A stability analysis showed that potential ice roads were changing from suitable to unsuitable during November to May. Between December and April, potential ice roads can increase port accessibility by more than 24 h in Canadian Arctic and Siberia and by more than 9 h in Alaska. However, the contribution of potential ice roads has reduced over the past decades, especially in Nunavut. The results provide insights into changes in potential ice roads in the Pan-Arctic and suggest that remote land accessibility has decreased significantly with warmer winters.
Soliton crystals in optical Kerr microresonators in the presence of thermo-optic effects
Authors: Azah Bei Cho B , Ndifon Ngek I , Dikandé Alain M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The influence of thermo-optic effects on shape profiles of soliton crystals in optical Kerr microresonators is investigated. The study rests on a model that consists of the Lugiato–Lefever equation, coupled to the one-dimensional heat diffusion equation with a source term proportional to the average power of the optical field. Using appropriate variable changes the model equations are transformed into a set of coupled first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved numerically with emphasis on the influence of thermo-optic effects on the amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the optical field, as well as on the temperature profile in the microresonator cavity. It is found that thermo-optic effects do not prevent soliton crystals from forming in optical Kerr microresonators, however, a strong thermal detuning will decrease the soliton-crystal amplitude. The model predicts a temperature profile in the microresonator cavity which is insensitive to the specific spatio-temporal profile of the soliton crystal propagating in the microresonator, a feature peculiar to the model.
Fluctuation-driven initialization for spiking neural network training
Authors: Rossbroich Julian , Gygax Julia , Zenke Friedemann 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) underlie low-power, fault-tolerant information processing in the brain and could constitute a power-efficient alternative to conventional deep neural networks when implemented on suitable neuromorphic hardware accelerators. However, instantiating SNNs that solve complex computational tasks in-silico remains a significant challenge. Surrogate gradient (SG) techniques have emerged as a standard solution for training SNNs end-to-end. Still, their success depends on synaptic weight initialization, similar to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs). Yet, unlike in the case of ANNs, it remains elusive what constitutes a good initial state for an SNN. Here, we develop a general initialization strategy for SNNs inspired by the fluctuation-driven regime commonly observed in the brain. Specifically, we derive practical solutions for data-dependent weight initialization that ensure fluctuation-driven firing in the widely used leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. We empirically show that SNNs initialized following our strategy exhibit superior learning performance when trained with SGs. These findings generalize across several datasets and SNN architectures, including fully connected, deep convolutional, recurrent, and more biologically plausible SNNs obeying Dale’s law. Thus fluctuation-driven initialization provides a practical, versatile, and easy-to-implement strategy for improving SNN training performance on diverse tasks in neuromorphic engineering and computational neuroscience.
Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Glycemic Control Among African American People with Type 2 diabetes: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Hu Jie , Kline David M , Tan Alai , Zhao Songzhu , Brock Guy , Mion Lorraine C , Efird Jimmy T , Wang Danxin , Sims Mario , Wu Bei , Mongraw-Chaffin Morgana , Joseph Joshua J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Social determinants of health have a significant impact on health outcomes. However, the complexity and interaction of multiple factors influencing glycemic control remain understudied.

Purpose
This study examined associations of socioeconomic position (income, education, and occupation), environmental (physical activity facilities, neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood problem, and violence), behavioral (physical activity, nutrition, and smoking), and psychological factors (depressive symptoms, stress, and discrimination) with glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [A1c]) using the World Health Organization Social Determinants of Health framework in African American adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was conducted using a longitudinal cohort of 1,240 African American adults with type 2 diabetes who participated in the community-based Jackson Heart Study. Socioeconomic position, environmental, behavioral, and psychological factors were measured using validated instruments in the Jackson Heart Study. Longitudinal structural equation modeling was used with glycemic control (A1c) collected over time (Exams 1–3) as the study outcome.

Results
Our study presents the complex interplay of socioeconomic determinants of health and glycemic control over time. Higher socioeconomic position (higher income, higher level of education, and professional occupation) was directly associated with improvement in glycemic control over time. An association of socioeconomic position on glycemic control mediated through health behavior factors was also observed.

Conclusions
In this analysis, socioeconomic position components were determinants of glycemic control in African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Future studies aimed at reducing health disparities and achieving equality of outcomes in this population will benefit from embedding socioeconomic position components into their design.
A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Frozen Section Diagnosis Accuracy and Deferral Rate Across Organ Systems
Authors: Mohamed Anas , Hassan Muhammad Masood , Zhong Wen , Kousar Aisha , Takeda Kotaro , Donthi Deepak , Rizvi Areeba , Majeed Marwan , Younes Ahmed I , Ali Ahlam , Sutton Ann , Murray Gina , Thayyil Abdullah , Fallon John , Geisinger Kim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Monitoring of frozen section diagnostic performance provides an important quality improvement measure.

Methods
Surgical specimens involving a frozen section diagnosis over a 3-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Glass slides were reviewed on cases with discordance. Discordance and deferral rates were calculated.

Results
Of 3,675 frozen section diagnoses included, 96 (2.7%) were discordant with the final diagnosis. Additionally, 114 frozen section diagnoses (3.1%) were deferred. The organ-specific discordance rates were lowest in breast and genitourinary specimens and highest for pancreas, lymph node, and gynecologic specimens. Deferral rates were highest in musculoskeletal, breast, and hepatobiliary cases and lowest in thyroid, parathyroid, and neuropathology cases. Discordance was explained by block-sampling error (45%), specimen-sampling error (27%), or interpretation error (27%). Discordant frozen section diagnoses from gynecologic specimens were responsible for 81% of specimen-sampling errors; frozen section diagnoses of lymph nodes, head and neck, and pancreas were responsible for 54% of interpretation errors; 51% of block-sampling errors involved lymph node evaluation for metastatic carcinoma.

Conclusions
Careful gross evaluation and microscopic examination of multiple levels should minimize specimen-sampling error and block-sampling error, respectively. Periodic review of accuracy and deferral rates may help reduce errors and improve the overall performance of this essential procedure.
Changes in Coagulation Testing During a National Shortage of Blue-Top Tubes
Authors: Schuett Hannah G , Volod Oksana , Berg Anders H , Rhee Kyu , Torbati Sam S , Riggs Richard V , Frishberg David P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Manufacturer recalls and altered supply chains during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a nationwide shortage of blue-top tubes (BTTs). Most non–point-of-care coagulation tests use these tubes, leaving laboratories and health care facilities in short supply. The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center implemented interventions to conserve supply without sacrificing patient safety.

Methods
In a retrospective quality improvement analysis, we examined coagulation testing and BTT utilization over the 3-month interval during which our interventions were applied. Our study assessed the interventions’ effectiveness by evaluating changes in BTT utilization, coagulation testing volume, and patient impact.

Results
Average daily use (ADU) of BTT before and after the intervention were 476 and 403, respectively—a 15.2% reduction. Notably, the Emergency Department had a reduction in ADU of 43.3%. Average daily volumes of coagulation assays performed decreased from 949 to 783—a 17.5% reduction. No adverse events from the Pharmacy Department were identified during the study period.

Conclusions
Interventions resulting in significant reductions were in divisions with effective management and supervision. Success in navigating the BTT shortage stemmed from timely announcements, action, and effective communication. Our recommendations established more effective coagulation assay utilization, decreased overall BTT use, and prevented patients with coagulopathic disorders from experiencing adverse consequences.
ncRNAInter: a novel strategy based on graph neural network to discover interactions between lncRNA and miRNA
Authors: Zhang Hanyu , Wang Yunxia , Pan Ziqi , Sun Xiuna , Mou Minjie , Zhang Bing , Li Zhaorong , Li Honglin , Zhu Feng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, many studies have illustrated the significant role that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) plays in biological activities, in which lncRNA, miRNA and especially their interactions have been proved to affect many biological processes. Some in silico methods have been proposed and applied to identify novel lncRNA–miRNA interactions (LMIs), but there are still imperfections in their RNA representation and information extraction approaches, which imply there is still room for further improving their performances. Meanwhile, only a few of them are accessible at present, which limits their practical applications. The construction of a new tool for LMI prediction is thus imperative for the better understanding of their relevant biological mechanisms. This study proposed a novel method, ncRNAInter, for LMI prediction. A comprehensive strategy for RNA representation and an optimized deep learning algorithm of graph neural network were utilized in this study. ncRNAInter was robust and showed better performance of 26.7% higher Matthews correlation coefficient than existing reputable methods for human LMI prediction. In addition, ncRNAInter proved its universal applicability in dealing with LMIs from various species and successfully identified novel LMIs associated with various diseases, which further verified its effectiveness and usability. All source code and datasets are freely available at https://github.com/idrblab/ncRNAInter.
Caffeine for intestinal transit after laparoscopic colectomy: randomized clinical trial (CaCo trial)
Authors: Abbassi Fariba , Müller Sascha A , Steffen Thomas , Schmied Bruno M , Warschkow René , Beutner Ulrich , Tarantino Ignazio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoffee has been suggested to help postoperative gastrointestinal motility but the mechanism is not known. This trial assessed whether caffeine shortened time to bowel activity after laparoscopic colectomy.MethodsThis was a single-centre, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled superiority trial (October 2015 to August 2020). Patients aged at least 18 years undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy were assigned randomly to receive 100 mg or 200 mg caffeine, or a placebo (250 mg corn starch) three times a day orally. The primary endpoint was the time to first bowel movement. Secondary endpoints included colonic transit time, time to tolerance of solid food, duration of hospital stay, and perioperative morbidity.ResultsSixty patients were assigned randomly to either the 200-mg caffeine group (20 patients), the 100-mg caffeine group (20) or the placebo group (20). In the intention-to-treat analysis, the mean(s.d.) time to first bowel movement was 67.9(19.2) h in the 200-mg caffeine group, 68.2(32.2) h in the 100-mg caffeine group, and 67.3(22.7) h in the placebo group (P = 0.887). The per-protocol analysis and measurement of colonic transit time confirmed no measurable difference with caffeine.ConclusionCaffeine was not associated with reduced time to first bowel movement.Registration numberNCT02510911 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Impact of classical and basal-like molecular subtypes on overall survival in resected pancreatic cancer in the SPACIOUS-2 multicentre study
Authors: Suurmeijer J Annelie , Soer Eline C , Dings Mark P G , Kim Yongsoo , Strijker Marin , Bonsing Bert A , Brosens Lodewijk A A , Busch Olivier R , Groen Jesse V , Halfwerk Johannes B , Slooff Robbert A E , van Laarhoven Hanneke W M , Molenaar I Quintus , Offerhaus G Johan A , Morreau Hans , van de Vijver Marc J , Fariña Sarasqueta Arantza , Verheij Joanne , Besselink Marc G , Bijlsma Maarten F , Dijk Frederike ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group, de Guerre Livia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The recently identified classical and basal-like molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer impact on overall survival (OS). However, the added value of routine subtyping in both clinical practice and randomized trials is still unclear, as most studies do not consider clinicopathological parameters. This study examined the clinical prognostic value of molecular subtyping in patients with resected pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Subtypes were determined on fresh-frozen resected pancreatic cancer samples from three Dutch centres using the Purity Independent Subtyping of Tumours classification. Patient, treatment, and histopathological variables were compared between subtypes. The prognostic value of subtyping in (simulated) pre- and postoperative settings was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results
Of 199 patients with resected pancreatic cancer, 164 (82.4 per cent) were classified as the classical and 35 (17.6 per cent) as the basal-like subtype. Patients with a basal-like subtype had worse OS (11 versus 16 months (HR 1.49, 95 per cent c.i. 1.03 to 2.15; P = 0.035)) than patients with a classical subtype. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, including only clinical variables, the basal-like subtype was a statistically significant predictor for poor OS (HR 1.61, 95 per cent c.i. 1.11 to 2.34; P = 0.013). When histopathological variables were added to this model, the prognostic value of subtyping decreased (HR 1.49, 95 per cent c.i. 1.01 to 2.19; P = 0.045).

Conclusion
The basal-like subtype was associated with worse OS in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Adding molecular classification to inform on tumor biology may be used in patient stratification.
Cost-effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid in preventing new-onset symptomatic gallstone disease after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Haal Sylke , Guman Maimoena S S , de Brauw L Maurits , Schouten Ruben , van Veen Ruben N , Fockens Paul , Gerdes Victor E A , Voermans Rogier P , Dijkgraaf Marcel G W 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost–utility of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) prophylaxis for the prevention of symptomatic gallstone disease after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in patients without gallstones before surgery.

Methods
Data from a multicentre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled superiority trial were used. Patients scheduled for laparoscopic RYGB or sleeve gastrectomy were randomized to receive 900 mg UDCA or placebo for 6 months. Indicated by the clinical report, prophylactic prescription of UDCA was evaluated economically against placebo from a healthcare and societal perspective for the subgroup of patients without gallstones before surgery who underwent RYGB. Volumes and costs of in-hospital care, out-of-hospital care, out-of-pocket expenses, and productivity loss were assessed. Main outcomes were the costs per patient free from symptomatic gallstone disease and the costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).

Results
Patients receiving UDCA prophylaxis were more likely to remain free from symptomatic gallstone disease (relative risk 1.06, 95 per cent c.i. 1.02 to 1.11; P = 0.002) compared with patients in the placebo group. The gain in QALYs, corrected for a baseline difference in health utility, was 0.047 (95 per cent bias-corrected and accelerated (Bca) c.i. 0.007 to 0.088) higher (P = 0.022). Differences in costs were –€356 (95 per cent Bca c.i. €–1573 to 761) from a healthcare perspective and –€1392 (–3807 to 917) from a societal perspective including out-of-pocket expenses and productivity loss, both statistically non-significant, in favour of UDCA prophylaxis. The probability of UDCA prophylaxis being cost-effective was at least 0.872.

Conclusion
UDCA prophylaxis after RYGB in patients without gallstones before surgery was cost-effective.
Unexpected deaths after endocrine surgery: learning from rare events using a national audit of surgical mortality
Authors: Chui Juanita N , Papachristos Alexander J , Mechera Robert , Sidhu Stan B , Sywak Mark S , Lee James C , Gundara Justin , Lai Christine , Glover Anthony R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The mortality rate is low in endocrine surgery, making it a difficult outcome to use for quality improvement in individual units. Lessons from population data sets are of value in improving outcomes. Data from the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (ANZASM) were used here to understand and elucidate potential systems issues that may contribute to preventable deaths.

Methods
ANZASM data relating to 30-day mortality after thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and adrenalectomy from 2009 to 2020 were reviewed. Mortality rates were calculated using billing data. Thematic analysis of independent assessor reports was conducted to produce a coding framework.

Results
A total of 67 deaths were reported, with an estimated mortality rate of 0.03–0.07 per cent (38 for thyroidectomy (0.03–0.06 per cent), 16 for parathyroidectomy (0.03–0.06 per cent), 13 for adrenalectomy (0.15–0.33 per cent)). Twenty-seven deaths (40 per cent) were precipitated by clinically significant adverse events, and 18 (27 per cent) were judged to be preventable by independent ANZASM assessors. Recurrent themes included inadequate preoperative assessment, lack of anticipation of intraoperative pitfalls, and failure to recognize and effectively address postoperative complications. Several novel themes were reiterated, such as occult ischaemic heart disease associated with death after parathyroid surgery, unexpected intraoperative difficulties from adrenal metastasis, and complications due to anticoagulation therapy after thyroid surgery.

Conclusion
This study represents a large-scale national report of deaths after endocrine surgery and provides insights into these rare events. Although the overall mortality rate is low, 27 per cent of deaths involved systems issues that were preventable following independent peer review.