bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative solute transport processes and associated transient storage mechanisms: Comparing streams with contrasting channel morphologies, land use and land cover
Authors: Emanuelson Karin , Covino Tim , Ward Adam S. , Dorley Jancoba , Gooseff Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLand use within a watershed impacts stream channel morphology and hydrology and, therefore, in‐stream solute transport processes and associated transient storage mechanisms. This study evaluated transport processes in two contrasting stream sites where channel morphology was influenced by the surrounding land use, land cover, climate and geologic controls: Como Creek, CO, a relatively undisturbed, high gradient, forested stream with a gravel bed and complex channel morphology, and Clear Creek, IA, an incised, low‐gradient stream with low‐permeability substrate draining an agricultural landscape. We performed conservative stream tracer injections at these sites to address the following questions: (1) How does solute transport vary between streams with differing morphologies? and (2) How does solute transport at each stream site change as a function of discharge? We analysed in‐stream tracer time series data and compared results quantifying solute attenuation in surface and subsurface transient storage zones. Significant trends were observed in these metrics with varying discharge conditions at the forested site but not at the agricultural site. There was a broad range of transport mechanisms and evidence of substantial exchange with both surface and hyporheic transient storage in the relatively undisturbed, forested stream. Changing discharge conditions activated or deactivated different solute transport mechanisms in the forested site and greatly impacted advective travel time. Conversely in the simplified agricultural stream, there was a narrow range of solute transport behaviour across flows and predominantly surface transient storage at all measured discharge conditions. These results demonstrate how channel simplification inhibits available solute transport mechanisms across varying discharge conditions.
UK professional accounting bodies (PAB): Members’ unethical behaviors and exclusion
Authors: Adelopo Ismail , Meier Florian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough previous studies have explored the disciplinary procedures and sanctions by PABs, the focus of these studies has often been generalized to all forms of infringements. This has prevented specific attention on the most severe ethical breaches by PAB members, that is, offences leading to exclusion. Consequently, we do not know their prevalence, the features of these behaviors or the motivating factors for their perpetration by members of the UK's PABs. Clarity on these issues is in the public interest given the centrality of the role of the accounting profession to the efficient functioning of the financial system. We used the fraud triangle theory to shed light on these issues. Our analysis is based on the entire population of 141 serious cases that led to members’ exclusion. We developed an analytical framework that focused on the nature of the infringements, their prevalence amongst the PABs, and the variety of explanations provided by the culprits. Our analysis shows that criminal convictions and breach of ethical guidance are the two major causes of exclusion. Our findings have implications for the PABs in their attempts to ensure their members’ ethical behavior and the adequacy of their disciplinary process.
Case report: A novel cause of acute liver failure in children: A combination of human herpesvirus‐6 infection and homozygous mutation in NBAS gene
Authors: Cheng Ying , Xia Zhi , Huang Chengjiao , Xu Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEtiologies of acute liver failure in children can be multiple factors including virus infection, drug‐induced damage, and different pathogens. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging method for pan‐pathogen screening. Here we reported a case of acute liver failure in a 15‐month‐old male, using NGS and gene sequencing to determine the cause of acute liver failure may be caused by pathogens, drug‐induction and pathogenic variant gene.
TLR4 polymorphisms as potential predictors of atopic dermatitis in Chinese Han children
Authors: Shi Jianrong , He Lin , Tao Ran , Zheng Huiwen , Li Wei , Huang Shuangshuang , Li Yunling , Shang Shiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of atopic dermatitis (AD). In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility or severity of AD among Chinese Han children.MethodsA total of 132 AD patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (rs19277914, rs11536891, rs7869402, and rs11536889) of the TLR4 gene were genotyped by multiplex PCR combined with next‐generation sequencing.ResultsOur results showed that a significantly reduced risk for AD was associated with C allele [p = 0.008; odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, C vs. T], TC genotype (p = 0.022; OR = 0.41, TC vs. TT), and TC + CC genotype (p = 0.010; OR = 0.39, TC + CC vs. TT) of TLR4 rs11536891. The frequency of the haplotype GCCG (rs1927914–rs11536891–rs7869402–rs11536889) in AD patients was lower than that in the controls (p = 0.010; OR = 0.38). Moreover, the results indicated that a higher risk of severe AD was related to the T allele (p = 0.019; OR = 2.97, T vs. C) and the TC genotype (p = 0.021; OR = 3.34, TC vs. CC) of TLR4 rs7869402. A risk haplotype of TLR4 (GTTG) was found in severe AD patients (p = 0.010; OR = 5.26).ConclusionsOur data suggested that TLR4 rs11536891 polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility to AD in Chinese Han children. And TLR4 rs7869402 might confer the severity of pediatric AD patients.
The Japanese adaptation and validation of the COVID‐19 Phobia Scale (C19P‐S)
Authors: Özdemir Şevket , Baloğlu Mustafa , Şahin Rukiye 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere exists a significant need of screening, measuring, and assessing phobic reactions to the negative effects and consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) across the world. For this purpose, the C19P‐S has b	een developed and adapted to several languages and cultures including Turkish, Russian, Arabic, English, Korean, and soforth. This study aimed to adapt the scale into Japanese. Convenience sampling was used in the recruitment of the participants. The sample involved 310 Japanese‐speaking natives from different prefectures of the country (MeanAGE = 49.97; SD = 13.07). The scale is a self‐report instrument, which includes 20, 5‐point Likert‐type items. The scale assesses the levels of COVID‐19 phobia in four areas: Psychological, Somatic, Economic, and Social. The validity (content, construct, convergent, and discriminant) and reliability (internal consistency) analyses were conducted. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for group comparisons. MANOVA results show that women scored statistically higher in the psychological area. Furthermore, the participants with a lower educational level scored higher than those with a higher level in the somatic area. Among other scales measuring fear and anxiety, the C19P‐S Japanese (C19P‐SJ) is the first measurement tool specifically designed and adapted for evaluating coronaphobia. It is suggested that the individuals with psychiatric diagnoses be included to measure and support the construct validity of the scale.
Downregulation of STK25 promotes autophagy via the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Jiangbo , Gao Pin , Peng Lin , Liu Tianqi , Wu Fan , Xu Kai , Chen Lei , Tan Fei , Xing Pu , Wang Zaozao , Di Jiabo , Jiang Beihai , Su Xiangqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutophagy plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Our previous study suggested that serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) regulates aerobic glycolysis in CRC cells. Glycolysis modulates cellular autophagy during tumor growth; however, the role of STK25 in autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we found that STK25 expression was decreased in CRC tissues and CRC patients with high STK25 expression had a favorable prognosis. Functional assays suggested that STK25 inhibition promoted autophagy in CRC cells. Overexpression of STK25 exhibited the opposite effects. Moreover, the results of western blot demonstrated that silencing STK25 induced autophagy by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, STK25 could be a potential indicator for therapies targeting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in CRC.
General and bladder‐related quality of life: A focus on women living with spinal cord injury
Authors: Dekalo Ann , Myers Jeremy B. , Kennelly Michael , Welk Blayne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare bladder symptoms, and urinary and overall quality of life (QOL) among women and men after Spinal cord injury (SCI), and to describe specific aspects of QOL among women with SCI.MethodsWe used data from a prospective, multi‐center, and cross‐sectional study that was carried out from May 2019 to September 2020. Clinical and demographic details were obtained and participants completed two patient reported outcomes: the neurogenic bladder symptoms score‐short form (NBSS‐SF, which measures bladder symptoms and QOL) and the SF‐12 (which measures overall physical and mental health QOL).ResultsOur cohort included 135 women and 210 men with SCI. Among the women, the median age was 50, and 40% had a cervical SCI. For general QOL, women with SCI had physical functioning scores similar to men, but lower mental health scores on the SF‐12 (46.85 vs. 49.76, p = 0.01). Women had significantly worse overall NBSS (10.76 vs. 9.08, p < 0.001) and NBSS continence domain scores (4.71 vs. 3.66, p < 0.001) compared to men. There were significant differences between overall QOL measures, and bladder symptoms based on bladder management techniques among the women. NBSS‐SF symptom scores were better among women who used overactive bladder medications compared to women who did not (8.43 vs. 11.9, p = 0.02) and NBSS‐SF QOL domain scores were significantly better among women who underwent surgery and those that used overactive bladder medications.ConclusionsWomen have more bladder symptoms (specifically incontinence) compared to men. Symptom burden and overall QOL vary among women who use different bladder management techniques and treatments.
Newsprint microcrystalline fibers reinforced styrene butadiene rubber as a low thermal conducting material: Effect of electron beam irradiation and fiber content
Authors: El‐Nemr Khaled F. , Ali Magdy A. , Gad Yasser H. , Gabr Eman M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study focuses on utilizing polystyrene emulsion treated newsprint microcrystalline fibers (NPMCF). These treated fibers were then added to styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) at different concentrations, namely, 3, 6, 9, and 12 phr (part per hundred part of rubber). Mixing of ingredients was carried out on a rubber roll mill and afterward molded as a thin film on a hot press, then, exposed to electron beam irradiation doses up to 200 kGy so as to enhance the treatment of the composites. Mechanical properties of the composites, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, and cross‐link density were enhanced by adding the treated fiber to SBR and by irradiation, and this enhancement was obtained at 6 phr fiber at 100 kGy. Measurements of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved the adhesion of the treated fibers to SBR. The thermal conductivity was measured for the prepared composites as a function of electron beam irradiation and fiber content. It was found that the thermal conductivity decreases according to fiber loading (up to 6 phr fiber) and irradiation dose.
Molecular Inclusion of Small Aging Products into the Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) Lattice: Part II, Polymorph Dependence
Authors: Beste Ariana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Part I of this two‐part series, we conducted accelerated aging studies of β CL‐20 thin films deposited on glass surfaces in different environments (N2, air, air/water) and analyzed the samples with attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR‐IR) spectroscopy. We observed a polymorph transformation to α CL‐20, accompanied by lattice incorporation of water and other small guest molecules when samples were aged in air/water. Comparison to simulated IR spectra identified NO2 (possibly interacting with a carbon species), HNCO, N2O, and CO2 as potential molecular inclusions. For these molecules, we assessed the thermodynamic feasibility of lattice incorporation into α, β, and ϵ CL‐20 and the accompanying local stress due to lattice expansion in Part II, reported here. We found that the insertion of guest molecules (with the exception of water), into β and ϵ CL‐20 is thermodynamically and kinetically unfavorable, explaining the absence of ATR‐IR features corresponding to molecular inclusions in β CL‐20 prior to polymorph conversion. We hypothesize that water facilitates the transformation to α CL‐20, which allows the insertion of small degradation products into the CL‐20 lattice. We predict a larger stability of ϵ CL‐20 compared to β CL‐20 towards polymorph transformation to α CL‐20, including in the presence of water.
Identification of the metabolites of methylophiopogonanone A by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Xiaowen , Sun Shuai , Wu Xiaoyi , Sun Zengxian 
Published: March 2022

RationaleMethylophiopogonanone A (MOA) is a naturally occurring homoisoflavonoid from the Chinese herb Ophiopogon japonicus, which has been demonstrated to attenuate myocardial apoptosis. However, the metabolism of MOA remains unknown. The goal of the present work was to investigate the in vitro metabolism of MOA using liver microsomes and hepatocytes.MethodsThe metabolites were generated by incubating MOA with rat, monkey and human liver microsomes or hepatocytes. The resulting samples were analyzed by using a quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometer. The metabolites were identified through the measurements of the exact mass, elemental composition and product ions.ResultsA total of 15 metabolites were detected and identified. Among these metabolites, M7 (demethylenation) was the most abundant metabolite in liver microsomes, while M6 (hydroxylation) was the predominant metabolite in hepatocytes, and glucuronidation metabolites (M9 and M10) were also the main metabolites in hepatocytes. The metabolic pathways of MOA included hydroxylation, demethylenation, glucuronidation, methylation, sulfation and glutathione conjugation.ConclusionsThis study for the first time provides valuable data on the metabolites of MOA, which will be of great importance for a better understanding of its disposition and to predict human pharmacokinetics.
Learning methods for structural damage detection via entropy‐based sensors selection
Authors: Smarra Francesco , Tjen Jimmy , D'Innocenzo Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article the problem of data‐driven structural damage detection is considered exploiting historical data collected from a structure. First, a novel technique based on Kalman filtering and on a combination of regression trees theory from machine learning and auto‐regressive system identification from control theory is derived to build switching models that can be used to detect structural damages. A technique is also proposed leveraging principal component analysis together with the poly‐exponential approach to create nonlinear models to be used for structural damage detection. Finally, a novel sensors selection algorithm based on the notions of entropy and information gain from information theory is developed to reduce the number of sensors without affecting or even improving, as it happens in our experimental setup, the model accuracy. The presented techniques are validated on three independent experimental datasets, showing that the proposed algorithms outperform previous and classical approaches, improving the prediction accuracy and the damage detection sensitivity while reducing the number of sensors.
Deep learning for the dynamic prediction of multivariate longitudinal and survival data
Authors: Lin Jeffrey , Luo Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe joint model for longitudinal and survival data improves time‐to‐event predictions by including longitudinal outcome variables in addition to baseline covariates. However, in practice, joint models may be limited by parametric assumptions in both the longitudinal and survival submodels. In addition, computational difficulties arise when considering multiple longitudinal outcomes due to the large number of random effects to be integrated out in the full likelihood. In this article, we discuss several recent machine learning methods for incorporating multivariate longitudinal data for time‐to‐event prediction. The presented methods use functional data analysis or convolutional neural networks to model the longitudinal data, both of which scale well to multiple longitudinal outcomes. In addition, we propose a novel architecture based on the transformer neural network, named TransformerJM, which jointly models longitudinal and time‐to‐event data. The prognostic abilities of each model are assessed and compared through both simulation and real data analysis on Alzheimer's disease datasets. Specifically, the models were evaluated based on their ability to dynamically update predictions as new longitudinal data becomes available. We showed that TransformerJM improves upon the predictive performance of existing methods across different scenarios.
Three Birds with One Stone: An Integrated Cathode–Electrolyte Structure for High‐Performance Solid‐State Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Li Chao‐Le , Huang Gang , Yu Yue , Xiong Qi , Yan Jun‐Min , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConstructing solid‐state lithium–oxygen batteries (SSLOBs) holds a great promise to solve the safety and stability bottlenecks faced by lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) with volatile and flammable organic liquid electrolytes. However, the realization of high‐performance SSLOBs is full of challenges due to the poor ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes, large interfacial resistance, and limited reaction sites of cathodes. Here, a flexible integrated cathode–electrolyte structure (ICES) is designed to enable the tight connection between the cathode and electrolyte through supporting them on a 3D SiO2 nanofibers (NFs) framework. The intimate cathode–electrolyte structure and the porous SiO2 NFs scaffold combination are favorable for decreasing interfacial resistance and increasing reaction sites. Moreover, the 3D SiO2 NFs framework can also behave as an efficient inorganic filler to enhance the ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte and its ability to inhibit lithium dendrite growth. As a result, the elaborately designed ICES can simultaneously tackle the issues that limit the performance liberation of SSLOBs, making the batteries deliver a high discharge capacity and a long lifetime of 145 cycles with a cycling capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 at 60 °C, much superior to coventional SSLOBs (50 cycles).
Lower Aeronian (Llandovery, Silurian) graptolites of the generaRastritesandStavrites: systematics, biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography
Authors: Sun Zongyuan , Štorch Petr , Fan Junxuan , Melchin Michael J. , Suyarkova Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe lower Aeronian graptolite speciesRastrites longispinus longispinusPerner,R. approximatusPerner,R. peregrinusBarrande,R.? norilskensisObut & Sobolevskaya, andStavrites rossicusObut & Sobolevskaya have been revised using material from China, the Czech Republic, Siberia, Canada and Spain, together with published data.Rastrites longispinus chenxuisubsp. nov. is recognized as a new biogeographical subspecies known only from China and Canada.Rastrites guizhouensisMuet al.,R. confertusChen & Lin andStavrites laticellatusObut & Sobolevskaya, are all considered to be junior synonyms ofS. rossicus.Rastrites geinitziiTörnquist is regarded as a junior synonym ofR. longispinus longispinus; andR. orbitusChurkin & Carter andR. hemigyratusChen & Lin are considered to be junior synonyms ofR.? norilskensis. We propose that a distinctR.? norilskensisBiozone can be recognized between a lowest AeronianDemirastrites triangulatusorD. triangulatus – D. pectinatusBiozone in Siberia and northern Canada (possibly in South China, with future work) and the overlyingLituigraptus convolutusBiozone. Cluster analysis of the palaeogeographical distribution of species ofRastritesandStavritessupports the hypothesis that two graptolite palaeobiographical provinces can be defined in the early Aeronian: a low‐latitude Circumequatorial Province including northern Laurentia, South China, Siberia and peri‐Siberian terranes; and a largely mid‐latitude Rheic – West Gondwana Province comprising Avalonian Britain, the Baltic area, central Europe, western and southern Europe, and cratonic North Africa. None of our studied taxa exhibits a cosmopolitan distribution. Our systematic revision has a significant impact on our palaeogeographical interpretations.
To scan or not to scan? Efficacy of transthoracic ultrasonography for ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma screening in a large commercial UK sheep flock
Authors: Davies Peers , Strugnell Ben , Waine Katie , Wessels Mark , Cousens Chris , Willison Isobel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransthoracic ultrasonography (TTUS) is currently the only widely used method to diagnose preclinical or subclinical ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in the live sheep. However, little is known about the test characteristics of TTUS.MethodsOne thousand and seventy‐four breeding ewes in a flock with evidence of low OPA prevalence underwent TTUS by an experienced operator. Fifty‐one sheep were diagnosed with OPA and underwent gross postmortem examination (PME).ResultsLesions consistent with OPA were found in only 24% (12/51) of the culled ewes. Thirty‐five percent (18/51) of culled ewes had gross lesions consistent with other pulmonary disease and 41% (21/51) had no detectable gross lesions on PME. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed OPA in only the 12 animals identified with OPA lesions from PME.ConclusionGreat caution should be exercised when deciding if TTUS is an appropriate screening test in groups of sheep where OPA prevalence may be anticipated to be low. TTUS is a subjective test and thus individual operator ability will influence the sensitivity and specificity of TTUS for OPA diagnosis while the underlying prevalence influences the eventual positive predictive value.