bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fertilization Based on Chicken Manures and Mycorrhiza on Vegetative Parameters and Phenological Stages of Sorghum bicolor in Yagoua, Far-North Cameroon
Authors: Wang-Bara Bertrand , Kaouvon Philémon , Housseini Jacques Djida , Alioum Sounou Paul , Danra Djackba Dieudonné 
Published: January 2022

Aims: Study aims to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and mycorrhiza levels as fertilizers on vegetative growth and on phenological stages of Sorghum in Far North Cameroon.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Valorization Station of Agricultural Research (PSAR) of Yagoua.
Methodology: For this study, variety S-35 of Sorghum have used. Three levels of fertilization were used to evaluate germination rates, vegetative growth and phenology of this variety. The levels of fertilizers applied were 20 g of mycorrhiza, 50 g of organic manure and 20+50g of effect combined mycorrhiza+organic manure in comparison to the check (0g). The experimental design was the randomized block design with 3 replications. After evaluation of germination rates in the farm, we had evaluated the height, diameters and precocity of plants.
Results: Uses of different levels of fertilization on germination rates were important for all the levels of fertilizers compared to the control (27. 5 %). It’s varying from 52.5 % for the chicken manure, followed by the effect of combined treatments (45 %) and bio-fertilizers with 67 %. Compared to the check, the use of chicken manure as fertilization was most significant (P<0.05) on the height of plants during the vegetative growth. The diameters of plants according to the different treatments were most significant (P<0.05) respectively by the supplies of chicken manure, the effect of both treatments (mycorrhiza+chicken manure) and mycorrhiza treatment. Theses different levels fertilization was influenced the phenological stages of plants especially first flowering of plants days after sowing. Flowering of plants at 50 % was most favorable for the treatments based on the uses chicken manure and the combined effect of treatments (mycorrhiza+chicken manure).
Conclusion: Uses of chicken manure and mycorrhiza as fertilizers on Sorghum were significant to the vegetative growth and flowering stages of plants. Levels of chicken manure had positive effect on plant height. Plants diameters were most positively affected by organic manure, mycorrhiza and the effect of both treatments during growing of plants.
Study on Standard of English in Primary School Pupils with Special Reference to Teachers Professionalism
Authors: Dorji Tshering 
Published: January 2022

First and foremost, the goal of this research is to determine the level of English proficiency among primary school students. Secondly, this study looked into the professionalism of the teacher. Thirdly, this study looks into the factors that may have a negative impact on the standard of English among primary school students. Fourthly, it examines the teacher's ability to teach English to primary school children in the pursuit of quality education.
To ensure efficient and effective data collection, this study relied solely on the non-experimental design-descriptive survey method with a quantitative approach. Pre-testing of survey questionnaires was carried out to ensure consistency and reliability.This study was based on researcher classroom experiences. The research was mostly carried out in Bhutan under the auspices of the Department of School Education. The research began on the 18th of December, 2020, and ended on the 18th of May, 2021.
The findings, recommendations, and limitations of the study were totally based on the 60 sample collections. The researcher used SPSS and the Microsoft Excel sheet for tabulations and interpretation of data. For the data analysis the researcher used the SAS software and Microsoft Excel.
A Systemic Review of Pathological Findings in COVID-19 and Its Mechanism of Disease
Authors: Chanda Aishik , Dehankar Shruti , Kumar Abhishek , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya 
Published: January 2022

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has spread worldwide at a rapidly alarming pace and has resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The virus has more intensive and prolonged standing effects in the host body post-infection than the other related groups of viruses. The disease has caused an unforeseen need for the availability of intensive support because of the resulting critical respiratory distress and consequent multi-organ failure. What starts as an elegant fever with cough and headache, with body pain, runny nose, sore throat, quickly develops into loss of perception of taste and smell, with nausea, diarrhea, troubled breathing, chills; and finally results into grievous damage to the vital organs of the body, such as heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, blood vessels, and even brain, necessitating the need of urgent and competent availability of critical care infrastructure. It is now the disease with the highest number of affected individuals recorded in the modern era. And, not only does the infection of Covid inflict highly significant morbidity and mortality rates amongst the population, but there have also been multiple and significant strains to the overburdened health care system and also, massively on the economy.
Here in this article, our focus will primarily be upon the systemic pathology in the various organ systems and how the coronavirus has been affected. We shall discuss the Respiratory System, the Cardio-Vascular System, the Renal System, Central Nervous System, and the pathophysiology involved herewith after covid infection.
Estimation of Cephalic Index of Population of Central India
Authors: Gupta Aditi R. , Patond Swapnil 
Published: January 2022

Cephalic record is otherwise called cranial list or broadness file. It's processed as the length separated by the width of the skull times by 100. Assessing varieties in cephalic records across guardians, children, and family members can uncover if hereditary qualities are passed down hereditarily. The exploration included 480 clinical understudies (296 male and 184 female understudies). Hardlika's methodology was utilized to decide the cranial record. Most of the people were Mesocephalic (cephalic record 7579.9). 43.58 percent of guys and 42.93 percent of young ladies had a mesocephalic head. Men’s had an average cephalic record of 81.24 3.66, while ladies had a regular cephalic file of 80.31 4.28.
Somatometric estimations, for example, the face and cephalic records, are used in human criminological sciences. These lists utilized a human's sex and racial populace to compute their singular character. This exploration aims to give benchmark data to cephalic records and face files in the Central Indian populace, contrasting these outcomes with past research. This material will be helpful to legal specialists, anatomists, and others in related disciplines.
The cephalic record (CI), in some cases called the cranial list, is the proportion of the head's maximal expansiveness to length. The motivation behind the review was to research the anthropometry of cranial qualities. The review's objective was to check out the anthropometry of cranial qualities utilizing google structures circled in the school gatherings. Experts in scientific science will see the data as advantageous, just as in clinical, medico-lawful, anthropological, and excavator settings.
A Case-Control Study on Risk Predictors Associated with Periodontitis in Systemically Healthy Patients; a Regression Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Hina , Naeem Sehar , Saeed Uzma , Usmani Ayesha , Zara Batool 
Published: January 2022

Aim: This case-control study was conducted to analyze the association of periodontitis with risk predictors i.e. age, gender, education status, brushing habits and past dental visits in systemically healthy patients.
Materials and Methods: The study included total of 1097 systemically healthy, non-tobacco using patients with age ≥ 18 years that reported to periodontology department from year 2018. The demographic details and dental care pattern of the patients were extracted from the records of periodontology department, and their frequencies were formulated. The association of five study variables i.e. age, gender, education status, brushing habits and past dental visits was assessed using forward step-wise logistic regression analysis.
Results: Total of 471(42.9%) patients were diagnosed with periodontitis. Higher frequency of periodontitis was observed in patients who were male and ≥ 50 years of age. Regression analysis showed that the subjects with < 50 years of age, ≥ 12 years of education, regular brushing habits and regular past dental visits had greater odds of being safe from periodontitis.
Conclusion: Since the population chosen for this research was systemically healthy, non-tobacco using individuals, a high prevalence (42.9%) of periodontitis was observed indicating the need to analyze the factors other than systemic conditions contributing in prevalence of periodontitis. Furthermore, a positive association between study variables and periodontitis was observed in this research, which will help the clinicians in prediction of periodontitis in systemically healthy, non-tobacco using individuals.
Efficacy of Aspergillus sp in the Production of Protease Enzyme with Different Substrates
Authors: Manimekalai D. , Senthilkumar G. , Ambikapathy V. , Panneerselvam A. 
Published: January 2022

In the present study, the soil samples were collected from marine environment of Arichalmunai, Dhanushkodi, Ramnad District, Tamilnadu ,India. Fungal species were isolated by plating method, in 50% sea water containing potato dextrose agar medium .Totally 16 fungal species were isolated and identified from the soil sample. The production of protease from Aspergillus niger , A.flavus and A. terreus by liquid state fermentation. The production of protease enzyme was optimized by using fermentation medium containing different substrates. The maximum protease production was observed on wheat bran, containing medium. The protease production was maximum in temperature 35ºC were recorded. Wheat bran produced the maximum level protease. The optimization work also carried out. This study revealed that coastal environment provides impressive density of fungi in the East Coast of India and are unexplored for microbial resources can be useful in industry.
A Review on Hyperglycemia: Symptoms and Risk Factors
Authors: Goyal Megha , Choudhary Divasha 
Published: January 2022

Background: The term "hyperglycemia" is derived from the Greek hyper (top) + glykys (sugar/sugar) + haima (blood). Extra sugar varies from one hundred and twenty-five mg / dL and is faster and more noticeable than one hundred and eighty mg / metric unit a couple of hours after meals. The patient has decreased resistance to aldohexose, or prediabetes, with rapid plasma aldohexose 100 mg / dL one hundred and twenty-five mg / dL. The patient is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, more noticeable than one hundred and twenty-five mg / metric dose units. As long as the symptom is not treated, it will create a variety of dangerous complications that include pain in the care, kidneys, nerves, heart, and vascular structure.
Objectives: To define the number of children in the past to assess whether symptoms have been given or not and whether this is often associated with a PIM pair difficulty index.
Methods: Recurrent analysis, patients between one month and fifteen years The World Health Organization recognizes care for septic shock, between the month of the Gregorian calendar 2008 and Oct 2010. -aldohexose> 126 mg / dl. Patients were diagnosed according to age, gender, illness, and glucose levels when treated, 24, forty-eight, and seventy-two hrs
Results: Out of 25 patients, 16 PF had symptoms, one patient had a glucose level> 200 mg /dl, and only one patient needed a hypoglycemic agent, usually between seventy-two hours and admission.
Conclusions: The World Health Organization's gift of septic shock occurs at a lower rate, and people have developed the World Health Organization, a self-administered gift of traditional blood sugar levels of 72 hours while not requiring hypoglycemic agent administration. Patients with symptoms had a higher mortality rate of PIM pairs, thus increasing mortality.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Pregnancy with Sickle Cell Disease in the Third Trimester in Central India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Prasad Rashmi , Jungari Mugdha , Shrivastava Deepti , Kumbhare J. M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is an uncommon cause of anemia and jaundice during pregnancy. However, SCD is expected in Maharashtra, especially the Vidarbha region. SCD in pregnancy can cause various maternal and fetal complications. This study was conducted to know maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy with sickle cell disease in the third trimester.
Methodology: This retrospective data were collected from hospital records of medical colleges located in central India for one and a half years, from November 2019 to January 2021. Forty-two women were admitted with pregnancy with sickle cell disease in the third trimester during the study period. The baseline characteristics, frequency of sickle hemoglobin variants, and maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes were collected.
Results: Compiled data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics and frequency tables. Majority were primigravida (59.52%). Type of sickle cell was determined based on HB electrophoresis; out of 42 patients, 36 had AS pattern, 5 had SS pattern SCD, and 1 had As+b thal minor. The most common medical complication was anemia [73.80%] and UTI 26.19%. The most common adverse obstetric outcomes observed were IUGR/Oligohydramnios 42.85% and pre-eclampsia 21.42%. Majority of patients delivered by LSCS 42.85%. An adverse outcome in the fetus was fetal distress 45.23% and meconium-stained amniotic fluid 42.86%.
Discussion: Due to hematological changes, extra demands, and sickle crisis, complications in both mother and fetus are more common in sickle cell anemia.
Conclusions: Early detection and management of sickle cell anemia during pregnancy can reduce the adverse outcome in both mother and baby.
Evaluation of the Effect of Cranioplasty Using Different Prosthetic Materials on Functional Improvement in Patients with Post-traumatic Brain Injury: A Protocol
Authors: Revankar Ramnath P. , Pisulkar Sweta Kale , Iratwar Sandeep W. , Pande Samidha S. , Wange Nitin 
Published: January 2022

Background: Cranioplasty is considered an essential step for restoring defects in the skull, generally due to the esthetic appearance, safety of the brain, or handling the adverse effect of the Trephined Syndrome (TS) or sinking skin flap syndrome. Moreover, many studies saw the unexpected enhancement of cognitive and motor function after cranioplasty. These favorable progressive effects can be helpful in further therapy preparations in association with cranioplasty effects. Nevertheless, the proof is mainly restricted to case studies that do not target comparison between different materials in post-traumatic brain injury (P-TBI) people even though it is helpful but not enough.
Objectives: To comparatively evaluate the effect of cranioplasty using autologous bone graft, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), titanium, and bone cement on cognitive and functional improvement in patients with P-TBI.
Methodology: 40 subjects will be allocated into four groups. Group A (10 using Autologous bone graft) Group B (10 using PMMA), Group C (10 using Titanium), and Group D (10 using Bone cement). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) will be used for cognitive improvement. For functional improvement, Muscle power and Barthel index will be used. The data will be compared before and after cranioplasty.
Expected Results: Cognitive and functional improvement will be present after cranioplasty. But the effect of cranioplasty using autologous bone graft, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), titanium, and bone cement has to be evaluated & compared to assess the patient’s cognitive and functional improvement and provide desired intervention as required.
Conclusion: This study will comparatively evaluate the effect of cranioplasty using different prosthetic materials and determine which material is better for patients' cognitive and functional improvement.
Association of Total Ischemic Times and In-Hospital Outcomes of Acute STEMI Patients who Underwent Primary Angioplasty at a Tertiary Cardiac Care Facility
Authors: Shah Arshad Ali , Shah Syed Dilbahar Ali , Khan Muhammad Sami , Ahmed Faisal , Ahmed Iftikhar , Farooq Fawad , Kumar Dileep 
Published: January 2022

Aims: To determine the association between total ischemic time and in-hospital outcome of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent primary angioplasty.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place & Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Dow university of health sciences Karachi between October 2017 till March 2021.
Methodology: Data for total ischemic time analysis were collected from 366 STEMI patients who consecutively underwent primary angioplasty. Total ischemic time was measured from the onset of chest pain to o the first balloon inflation during primary angioplasty and in hospital outcome was measured.
Results: Total ischemic times were available in 366 STEMI patients which was ≥ 30 minutes and < 24 hours: ≤ 2 hours in 15.5%, >2-3 hours in 11.4%, >3-5 hours in 25.4%, and >5 hours in 47.5% of STEMI patients. In addition, STEMI patients with total ischemic times <5 hours demonstrated complete ST-segment resolution and reduced death rate than those with total ischemic times >5 hours.
Conclusion: This study showed that shorter ischemic times are significantly related to improved myocardial reperfusion and decreased mortality.
Mummified Dead Body in Hanging Position: A Case Report
Authors: Wankhade Toshal , Nagrale Ninad , Patond Swapnil , Giri Jayant 
Published: January 2022

Mummification refers to all-natural and artificial processes that bring about the preservation of the body or its parts. Such processes include mainly the drying of the soft tissues instead of liquefying putrefaction. We are presenting here a case of a medicolegal autopsy performed at the mortuary of MGIMS, Sevagram. The body was found in the jungle in a hanging position to the branch of a tree. Body was completely mummified. Facial identification could be made out as facial features were well maintained. Investigation agency has query regarding condition of the body (mummification) and what is the time since death. After performing the autopsy, police were explained regarding the factors responsible for mummification to occur in the dead body and also given opinion regarding time since death. From the time since death police investigated the various missing complaints which were present at neighboring police stations during that period. So the relatives from one of the missing person identified the body and it was handed over to relative after completion of all legal formalities by the police officials. In this case report we have discussed; autopsy finding in mummified body and factors responsible for formation mummification of the body. Hot, dry and airy environment are well known factors contributing the mummification of body but apart from this hanging of the body along with other contributing factors mentioned earlier is responsible for mummification of the body in present case.
Optimization of Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Involutional Entropion of the Lower Eyelid
Authors: Anshu . , Sune Pradeep G. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Rolling inwards of the lid margin is called entropion, and is produced by a disparity in length and tone between the anterior skin muscle, and posterior tarso-conjunctival laminae of the eyelid. Involutional, cicatricial, spastic, or congenital are some of the classifications involutional entropion there is general instability of the lid structures with age .A weakness of the posterior retractors of the lid occurs, together with a laxity of the medial and lateral canthal ligaments, accompanied by a loss of posterior support ,as atrophy of the orbital fat leads to enophthalmos. The current treatment modalities for this condition are surgical in nature, although non-surgical temporary medical treatment are also used. It's a commonest types of eyelid asymmetry. Corneal and conjunctival damage may lead to abrasions, scarring, corneal thinning, or corneal neovascularization due to this misalignment. Unilateral or bilateral entropion is possible. Involutional entropion of lower eyelids are common, but cicatricial upper eyelids are common. Entropion of lower eyelid is a much more prevalent than entropion of the upper eyelid.
Objective: The purpose is to review the scientific literature on diagnosis and surgical management of involutional entropion of the lower eyelid.
Methodology: The data were collected from the various electronic data bases like google scholar, PubMed and various books.
Conclusion: After reviewing the articles, we come to the conclusion that the signs and symptoms of involutional entropion are easily manageable by given treatment.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Analysis among Rural Mothers of 6 to 24 Month Age Child Regarding Complementary Feeding
Authors: Katole N. T. , Kale J. S. , Kaple Meghali , Waghmare S. M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: According to WHO, exclusive breastfeeding is essential for first 6 moth of life, afterward by six months to meet raised energy and nutrient needs of growing infant complementary feeding is necessary [1]. Proper complementary feeding very essential for the proper physical, neurocognitive development of the child.
Objectives: To assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practice among rural Indian mothers of age 6 to 24 month child regarding complementary feeding.
Methods: This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching rural hospital in India between December 2020 and June 2021. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to mothers of 6 to 24 month age children attending pediatrics outpatient department at hospital. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts; first part consist of demographic variables, second and third part regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of mother towards complementary feeding practice. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.
Results: Out of the 250 participants, 220(88%) completed questionnaire completely and validly, 96% mothers initiated breastfeeding within first 48 hrs of birth, and about 62% mothers continue exclusive breastfeeding till six moth age. 72 % mother knew that complementary feeding should start at 6 month of age but only 66% mother able to start at that age, major reason for delayed start is mother perception that her feeding is sufficient for baby, other that family member’s advice. 64% mother believe in homemade complementary feeds and 26% mothers believe in commercial feeds, though major source of knowledge is family members (69%), electronic media(12%) also important source of knowledge while only 19% mothers get information from health professionals. Significant number of mother have knowledge about iron rich foods(63%), iodized salt (50%) etc. however only 36% mother knows about dietary diversity. During illness 52% mothers prefer to decrease in feeding while, 10% prefer to withhold it. 91% mother practice washing hands before cooking and 85% practice giving boil water to baby. However, still 70% mother practice bottle feeding for their children’s.
Conclusion: Though there is good knowledge among mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding in term of age of start, type of feeding, nutrient value of feeding, importance of consistency, however still there is lack of knowledge about dietary diversity, cultural and social food taboos, bottle feeding etc. Strategies need to employ like health education, awareness programs, training programs for mothers to improve their practice and attitude towards complementary feeding.