bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization between closely related songbirds is related to human habitat disturbance
Authors: Grabenstein Kathryn C. , Otter Ken A. , Burg Theresa M. , Taylor Scott A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman habitat disturbances can promote hybridization between closely related, but typically reproductively isolated, species. We explored whether human habitat disturbances are related to hybridization between two closely related songbirds, black‐capped and mountain chickadees, using both genomic and citizen science data sets. First, we genotyped 409 individuals from across both species' ranges using reduced‐representation genome sequencing and compared measures of genetic admixture to a composite measure of human landscape disturbance. Then, using eBird observations, we compared human landscape disturbance values for sites where phenotypically diagnosed hybrids were observed to locations where either parental species was observed to determine whether hybrid chickadees are reported in more disturbed areas. We found that hybridization between black‐capped and mountain chickadees positively correlates with human habitat disturbances. From genomic data, we found that (1) hybrid index (HI) significantly increased with habitat disturbance, (2) more hybrids were sampled in disturbed habitats, (3) mean HIs were higher in disturbed habitats versus wild habitats, and (4) hybrids were detected in habitats with significantly higher disturbance values than parentals. Using eBird data, we found that both hybrid and black‐capped chickadees were significantly more disturbance‐associated than mountain chickadees. Surprisingly, we found that nearly every black‐capped chickadee we sampled contained some proportion of hybrid ancestry, while we detected very few mountain chickadee backcrosses. Our results highlight that hybridization between black‐capped and mountain chickadees is widespread, but initial hybridization is rare (few F1s were detected). We conclude that human habitat disturbances can erode pre‐zygotic reproductive barriers between chickadees and that post‐zygotic isolation is incomplete. Understanding what becomes of recently hybridizing species following large‐scale habitat disturbances is a new, but pressing, consideration for successfully preserving genetic biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.
Soils in warmer and less developed countries have less micronutrients globally
Authors: Moreno‐Jiménez Eduardo , Maestre Fernando T. , Flagmeier Maren , Guirado Emilio , Berdugo Miguel , Bastida Felipe , Dacal Marina , Díaz‐Martínez Paloma , Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Plaza César , Rillig Matthias C. , Crowther Thomas W. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoil micronutrients are capital for the delivery of ecosystem functioning and food provision worldwide. Yet, despite their importance, the global biogeography and ecological drivers of soil micronutrients remain virtually unknown, limiting our capacity to anticipate abrupt unexpected changes in soil micronutrients in the face of climate change. Here, we analyzed >1300 topsoil samples to examine the global distribution of six metallic micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co and Ni) across all continents, climates and vegetation types. We found that warmer arid and tropical ecosystems, present in the least developed countries, sustain the lowest contents of multiple soil micronutrients. We further provide evidence that temperature increases may potentially result in abrupt and simultaneous reductions in the content of multiple soil micronutrients when a temperature threshold of 12–14°C is crossed, which may be occurring on 3% of the planet over the next century. Altogether, our findings provide fundamental understanding of the global distribution of soil micronutrients, with direct implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functioning, rangeland management and food production in the warmest and poorest regions of the planet.
Professional ecologies in European sustainable finance
Authors: Seabrooke Leonard , Stenström Annika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFinding direction in new policy areas requires a combination of mandate, expertise, and stakeholder engagement. Here we investigate the formation of the EU's sustainable finance agenda through activity in and around its High Level Expert Group and Technical Expert Group. Actors from different professional ecologies struggle to determine the treatment of sustainable finance and establish policy practices. Those who shape issue treatments can be supported by a capacity to influence from either official mandate, scientific esteem, or claims to experience. These are contending conjectures to locate action among the professionals engaged in the process. We adjudicate between mandate, esteem, and experience with an assessment of the network ties and career histories of those involved in sustainable finance. Our findings suggest that those with many ties and mixed careers win. Professionals identified as offering access to a potential network of investors exhibit greater control over how issues are treated, to the detriment of civil society actors. We demonstrate likely influence over issue treatment through a discussion of environmental and social disclosures and debt financing mechanisms in European sustainable finance expert groups.
Monthly mowing frequency does not affect soil CO2 emissions of fertilized Bromus erectus‐dominated grasslands
Authors: D'Ottavio Paride , Francioni Matteo , Toderi Marco , Trozzo Laura 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSecondary origin grasslands are widespread habitats that provide a wide array of ecosystem services. Their conservation relies on management practices that can, in turn, alter their soil carbon cycle to result in higher soil respiration rates. In the perspective of social and climate change scenarios, there is the need to seek the best management practices for conservation of secondary origin grasslands, climate mitigation and economic sustainability for farmers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether increasing the customary practice of mowing twice a year to monthly mowing through the growing season (when herbage production was feasible; i.e., >0.5 t/ha dry matter) generates changes to the drivers and rates of soil respiration of fertilized Bromus erectus‐dominated grasslands. Soil CO2 efflux, temperature and moisture were recorded over 3 years (2016–2018) under these “customary” and “monthly” mowing frequencies (twice per year; 4–6 times per year, respectively). Soil CO2 efflux, temperature and moisture were not affected by the higher mowing frequency over the study period. Independent of mowing frequency, soil water content was the main driver of soil CO2 emissions during the growing season (April to October, inclusive), whereas soil temperature was the main driver during the nongrowing season (November to March, inclusive). Therefore, increasing the customary mowing of twice a year to the monthly mowing frequency through the growing season does not impact upon soil respiration of B. erectus‐dominated grasslands, at least over a 3‐year period.
Guiding, sustaining and growing the public involvement of young people in an adolescent health research community of practice
Authors: Swist Teresa , Collin Philippa , Nguyen Betty , Davies Cristyn , Cullen Patricia , Medlow Sharon , Skinner S. Rachel , Third Amanda , Steinbeck Katharine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPublic involvement in health research and its translation is well recognized to improve health interventions. However, this approach is insufficiently practised and evidenced in relation to young people. This paper presents an analysis of the process of co‐producing a framework, partnership model and a growing network of young people informing and guiding an adolescent health research community of practice.MethodsA Living Lab is a participatory research approach that brings together a broad range of stakeholders in iterative cycles of research, design, development, pilot‐testing, evaluation and delivery to implement effective responses to complex phenomena. The geographical setting for this study was Sydney, NSW, Australia, and involved both youth and adult stakeholders from this region. The study spanned three phases between July 2018 and January 2021, and data collection included a range of workshops, a roundtable discussion and an online survey.ResultsThe co‐production process resulted in three key outputs: first, an engagement framework to guide youth participation in health research; second, a partnership model to sustain youth and adult stakeholder collaboration; third, the growth of the public involvement of young people with a range of projects and partners.ConclusionsThis study investigated the process of co‐producing knowledge with young people in an adolescent health community of practice. A reflexive process supported youth and adult stakeholders to collaboratively investigate, design and pilot‐test approaches that embed young people's engagement in adolescent health research. Shared values and iterative methods for co‐production can assist in advancing mutual learning, commitment and trust in specific adolescent health research contexts.Public ContributionYoung people guiding and informing an adolescent health research community of practice were involved in this study, and one of the participants is a paper co‐author.
National indifference and dynastic loyalty in comparative perspective: The demise of the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires revisited
Authors: Maritan Mario 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe demise of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of the First World War marked the end of centuries of multi‐ethnic coexistence. To this day, outside the field of history, the perception of both empires is rooted in the idea of the inevitability of their demise, which, as the story goes, was due to the strength of nationalist movements and the intensity of inter‐ethnic strife. The ‘orientalising’ of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire has been translated into current understandings of Central Europe, the Balkans and the Middle East and their politics. While ethnic clashes have characterised the histories of these regions in the 20th century and nationalisms still play a central role in their politics, from Hungary to Turkey, national indifference, dynastic loyalty and multi‐ethnic coexistence had been central to the life of the multi‐ethnic and multi‐confessional Habsburg and Ottoman Empires.
Oral health status, oral health‐related quality of life and personality factors among users of three‐sided sonic‐powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush
Authors: AL‐Omiri Mahmoud K. , Abu‐Awwad Motasum , Bustani Mohammad , Alshahrani Abdulaziz M. , Al Nazeh Abdullah A. , Alsafadi Lana , Majdalawi Farah , Allawama Hala M. , Lynch Edward 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis longitudinal within subject controlled randomized observational investigation studied the impacts of three‐sided sonic‐powered toothbrush versus conventional manual toothbrush on oral health‐ and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and assessed the relationship between personality factors and OHRQoL.MethodsA total of 96 participants (48 females and 48 males; mean age = 22.61 years, SD = 1.21) were recruited into this investigation and were randomly allocated into two groups. The participants were instructed to control oral hygiene for 1 month using either a three‐sided sonic brush (Triple Bristle, Dayton, Tennessee, USA) (sonic group) or a conventional manual toothbrush (manual group). Dental plaque was assessed via Turesky‐Modified Quigley–Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded as 1 if present and zero if absent. The NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) were used to assess personality factors and OHRQoL, respectively. TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP were assessed at study baseline and 1 month later.ResultsThe TMQHPI, BOP and OHIP‐14 scores were reduced after 1 month in both groups (p < 0.05), and were more reduced among the three‐sided sonic brush users (p > 0.05). Higher neuroticism scores were associated with worse OHRQoL (p < 0.05) in both groups after 1 month.ConclusionsThe three‐sided sonic‐powered toothbrush was associated with superior oral health and OHRQoL in comparison with the conventional manual toothbrush. Utilizing three‐sided sonic toothbrush, less plaque deposits and lower neuroticism scores contributed towards and predicted better OHRQoL after 1 month of oral hygiene maintenance.
Physicochemical properties and mechanism of solubilised neohesperidin system based on inclusion complex of hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Wang Chunqing , Xia Na , Yu Ming , Zhu Siming 
Published: October 2022

SummaryA solvent method was used to prepare the inclusion compound of neohesperidin (NH) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) to improve the water solubility and thermal stability of NH. The physical and chemical properties and supramolecular structure of the inclusion complex were investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TG‐DTG, PXRD, NMR and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that the C‐ring of NH was embedded in the cavity of HP‐β‐CD to form an inclusion complex. The phase has changed significantly, NH is completely dispersed in HP‐β‐CD in an amorphous state, and the two are combined in the form of non‐covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces. Through inclusion of HP‐β‐CD, the solubility of NH in water at 37 °C increased from 161.81 μg ml−1 to 1927.12 μg ml−1, and its stability was also significantly improved.
Ownership in international vocational education and training transfer: The example of quality development in India
Authors: Regel Julia , Ramasamy Muthuveeran , Pilz Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article addresses policy transfer in international development activities in vocational education and training. Ownership has been identified and established as a key factor for sustainability of transfer activities in different fields of development cooperation. While the concept has been targeted from a macro‐level perspective of government‐to‐government transfer for a long time, meso‐ and micro‐level perspectives of multi‐stakeholder involvement are increasingly emerging. Thus, the focus is on the function of ownership in terms of the role of local stakeholder commitment for sustainable transfer at the level of vocational training institutions in India. Using the example of the transfer of an approach for quality measurement, factors, potentials and challenges for ownership development are explored. Findings are based on the first evaluation cycle of a quality measurement framework developed with specific regard to Polytechnic Colleges and Industrial Training Institutes. Results of the evaluation were analysed considering the model intentions and theoretically based assumptions taken in the research process. Ownership at the meso‐level can be established by high degrees of acceptability of measures, participation of stakeholders at the institutional level and internal and external moderation processes in implementation. This paper argues that increased participation and decision‐making authority will contribute to measures in line with stakeholders' needs and enable Polytechnic Colleges and ITIs to engage in institutional development more effectively when considering stakeholders' views. This is the case, particularly when focusing on quality assurance and development at the organisational level.
Maintenance biofeedback therapy for dysfunctional voiding: Does every child need it?
Authors: Dönmez Muhammet İrfan , Selvi Ismail , Dereli Elif , Özgür Kerime , Oktar Tayfun , Ziylan Orhan 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to analyze the long‐term clinical outcomes in children who were treated with biofeedback therapy (BF) for dysfunctional voiding (DV) and to determine the need for maintenance of BF due to clinical relapse.MethodsFiles of children with DV who underwent BF between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with neurological or anatomical problems were excluded. A total of 64 patients (52 girls, 12 boys) with a mean age of 8.89 ± 2.48 years who completed the initial BF sessions were included in the study. The demographic and clinical data, dysfunctional voiding symptom scores (DVSS), and uroflowmetry parameters were recorded before and after the initial BF sessions. Clinical success was regarded as the cessation of electromyography activity as well as concurrent resolution of lower urinary tract symptoms and improvement in uroflowmetry parameters. After the initial BF sessions, children who had initial success showed DV relapse at any time during follow‐up received the maintenance BF sessions. Therefore, the patients with successful initial BF were divided into two groups: the group that needed maintenance BF, and the group which required no maintenance BF.ResultsClinical success was achieved in 48 (75.0%) of 64 children following a median of 6 sessions (range 2–8). At the follow‐up, 10 (20.8%) out of 48 patients showed symptom relapse at a median of 8 months (range 2–24 months). After a median of 3.5 maintenance BF sessions (range 1–6), clinical success was observed in all patients. Both groups showed a significant DVSS decrease after initial BF, however, those who needed maintenance had significantly higher DVSS (6.80 ± 2.53 vs. 3.61 ± 1.12, p < 0.001). At admission, DVSS <17.5 (odds ratio [OR]: 4.31, p = 0.025) and post‐voiding residual volume as a percentage of estimated bladder capacity for age <28.9 (OR: 5.00, p = 0.009) were found as the predictive factors for initial BF success. The need for maintenance BF was 2.56‐fold higher with a DVSS above 5.5 after initial BF sessions.ConclusionsOur results show that despite a clinical success rate of 75% after the initial BF, relapse can be seen within 2 years in approximately 20% of the patients. Nevertheless, maintenance of BF may provide clinical success in all patients. Relatively higher DVSS after initial BF can be used as a predictor of the need for maintenance BF.
Safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy for urolithiasis in octogenarians
Authors: Koterazawa Shigeki , Kanno Toru , Takahashi Toshifumi , Somiya Shinya , Ito Katsuhiro , Haitani Takao , Arakaki Ryuichiro , Kawase Norio , Higashi Yoshihito , Yamada Hitoshi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy (URS) for urolithiasis in octogenarians, and identify preoperative risk factors for the incidence of postoperative complications.MethodsThe patients who underwent URS for urolithiasis were divided into octogenarians and younger patients (age: <80 years), and the groups were compared regarding their clinical characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and stone‐free rate. The predictors of postoperative complications were evaluated using logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 1207 patients were included, 166 in the octogenarian patient group and 1041 in the younger patient group. The proportion of female patients (p < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (p < 0.001), rate of preoperative pyelonephritis (p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.003) were higher in the octogenarian group. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding stone size, location, and intraoperative complications. Postoperative complications, which reached a significant difference, were observed in 34 (20.5%) octogenarians and 117 (11.2%) younger patients (p = 0.002). However, age itself was not significantly associated with postoperative fever, the most frequent postoperative complication, in multivariate analysis. Female sex, ASA score of ≥3, history of diabetes mellitus, and prolonged operative time (≥120 min) were the significant predictors of fever. The stone‐free rate in the octogenarian group was superior to that in the younger patient group (80.1% vs. 70.6%, respectively; p = 0.035).ConclusionOur results suggest that URS for urolithiasis can be safely and effectively applied to octogenarians in selected cases.
Stroma biglycan expression can be a prognostic factor in prostate cancers
Authors: Furumido Jun , Maishi Nako , Yanagawa‐Matsuda Aya , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Abe Takashige , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Shinohara Nobuo , Hida Yasuhiro , Hida Kyoko 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study analyzes the relationship between biglycan expression in prostate cancer and clinicopathological parameters to clarify the potential link between biglycan and prognosis and progression to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 60 cases of prostate cancer patients who underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in Hokkaido University Hospital.ResultsBiglycan was expressed in the tumor stroma but not in tumor cells. There was no significant relationship with biochemical recurrence (p = 0.5237), but the expression of biglycan was 36.1% in the group with progression to CRPC. This indicates a significant relationship with progression to CRPC (p = 0.0182). Furthermore, the expression of biglycan‐positive blood vessels was significantly higher (15.9%) in the group with biochemical recurrence than in the group without biochemical recurrence (8.5%) (p = 0.0169). The biglycan‐positive vessels were 28.6% in the group with progression to CRPC, which was significantly higher than that in the group without progression to CRPC (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis is the first study to show that stroma biglycan is a useful prognostic factor for prostate cancer.
The sufficient multidisciplinary specialists under a government‐led health care system associated with the downward mortality trend of Fournier's gangrene in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Tsung‐Yen , Su Chien‐Chou , Chang Yu‐Ching , Chen I‐Hung , Ou Chien‐Hui , Cheng Yu‐Sheng 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the trends in Fournier's gangrene (FG) incidence and mortality rate in Taiwan and to investigate the contributing factors to such changes.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2016, hospitalized FG patients who underwent subsequent surgical intervention were included in this retrospective study. Incidence, outcomes, age‐adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI), hospitalization cost, surgical timing, and the number of multidisciplinary specialists involved in the first‐line management of FG in each year were collected. Simple linear regression and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were used for the subsequent analysis.ResultsThe national cohort enrolled 2183 FG patients from 2002 to 2016 in Taiwan. The age‐standardized incidence rate of FG was between 0.4 and 0.8 per 100 000 population, and overall mortality was 7.8% in these 15 years. We illustrated the downward trendline of FG mortality with a 0.62 coefficient of determination. The mortality of FG patients who underwent surgery within 24 h and after 24 h were found to be 8.3 ± 3.9% and 14.6 ± 25.2%, respectively (p = 0.02). The numbers of urologists, anesthesiologists, emergency doctors, and physicians per 100 000 population had a strong negative linear correlation with FG mortality (r = 0.8, p < 0.001). ACCI score had a moderate linear relationship with FG mortality (r = 0.57, p = 0.027). The hospitalization cost showed a weak linear correlation with FG mortality (r = −0.03, p = 0.92).ConclusionsWe demonstrated the downward trend of the FG mortality rate in Taiwan from 2002 to 2016. Besides underlying comorbidities and surgical timing, sufficient multidisciplinary specialists are essential for the survival benefit of FG patients in Taiwan experience.