bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Intracranial Hemorrhage among Patients with Skull Fractures in Blunt Head Trauma
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Khan Sajid , Ul Haq Naeem , Ullah Zia , Ali Saad , Jamal Bakth , Ullah Imran , Shah Inayat 
Published: April 2022

Background: The global incidence of fatal head injuries is greater than the number of non-fatal cases. The presence or absence of a skull fracture, its type and site along with the type of intracranial hemorrhage has immense significance in the final outcome in cases of head injuries.
Objective: To determine the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and its different pattern in patients presented with skull fracture following blunt head injury in a tertiary care setting.
Material and Methods: The study employed cross sectional study design and was conducted in Neurosurgery Unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. The study duration was six months after approval of synopsis (29-06-2019 to 29-12-2019). A sample size of 196 patients was calculated using WHO calculator. Non probability consecutive sampling was used for patient’s selection. Ethical approval and consent forms were taken. Diagnosis of skull fracture and intracranial bleeding were made on the basis of CT brain and per op findings. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Post stratification chi-square test was applied. P value ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Total 196 patients were included in study. There were 129(65.8%) male and 67(34.2%) female. Mean age of patients was 35.7 years±9.9SD. Intracranial hemorrhage was present in 32(16.3%). Type of intracranial hemorrhage was subdural in 10(5.1%), intrcerebral 3(1.5%), subarchnoid 3(1.5%), intraventricular 4(2%), contusion 2(1%), combination 2(1%), and extradural 8(4.1%). Intracranial hemorrhage is significantly associated with GCS, Occupation, cause of injury, location of injury and type of intracranial injury (p<0.001).
Recommendation: According to the findings, frequency of intracranial hemorrhage was relatively high. This study recommend all patients with skull fractures due blunt head trauma be subjected to thorough brain damage check-up. The type and location of skull fracture is an indirect indicator of the severity of force of impact which leads to damage to the underlying brain and results in fatality.
Morphostructure of garnets from coastal-marine placers
as a key feature for determining their processing technology
Authors: Levchenko Elena , Solenikova Elena 
Published: April 2022

One of the most popular abrasive materials at the
moment is natural garnet sand. Interest in it increased
significantly after the collapse of the USSR, as many
industrially significant geological objects were preserved
within the borders of the former Soviet republics. Many
primary deposits of raw garnet materials have been
explored in Russia, but almost all of them are not of
industrial interest for economic reasons. Currently, the
coastal zone of the White Sea is considered prospective
for the discovery of industrially significant placers and
placer occurrences of garnet sand. The range of application
of garnet sand is very wide – it is waterjet cutting,
cleaning of various surfaces and removal of corrosion
defects, free grinding of glass and porcelain and
the production of grinding powders. In 2021, the volume
of government purchases of garnet sand in physical
terms increased by 16.3 %, and the volume of commercial
purchases increased by 64.2 % compared to the same
period of the previous year. Based on the study of the
composition of the garnet mineral group, we used a set
of research methods, including precision (X-ray spectral
and electron microscopy) in order to determine the
technology of obtaining industrial concentrates.
The development of new occurrences of coastal garnet-
containing sand in the Arkhangelsk region can provide
the country with highly liquid, strategic raw materials.
Panorama do secretariado no Brasil sob a ótica da intensificação e da flexibilização do trabalho
Authors: Maia Fernanda Landolfi , Müller Rodrigo 
Published: April 2022

A profissão de secretariado passou por transformações ao longo dos anos e englobou atividades que não eram, tradicionalmente, da sua base técnica, como atividades de cogestão, gestão de pessoas e equipes, liderança, entre outras. Estas atividades surgiram em função do processo de adaptação da profissão ao mercado e ao mundo do trabalho. No entanto, com as novas atribuições, se tornou perceptível um processo de intensificação do trabalho secretarial e de flexibilização, seja das atividades, das posturas ou das formas de trabalhar. Neste sentido, este artigo busca investigar os processos de intensificação e flexibilização do trabalho na área secretarial. As questões norteadoras da pesquisa são: Houve um processo de intensificação ou as atividades deste trabalhador são predominantemente intensas na sua essência? Como se configura o trabalho dos profissionais de secretariado nas corporações públicas e privadas no Brasil? Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo por meio de um survey com 444 (quatrocentos e quarenta e quatro) profissionais de secretariado. A pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, de cunho exploratório e descritivo e com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa para análise dos dados. Como resultados principais, percebe-se um aumento da exigência por mais trabalho, além da necessidade de polivalência e versatilidade dos profissionais de secretariado. Isso indica um processo de intensificação e flexibilização das atividades e do próprio perfil profissional no cenário brasileiro.

ABSTRACT
The secretariat profession, the executive assistants, has undergone transformations over the years and encompassed activities that were not traditionally part of its technical base, such as co-management activities, human resources and teams management, leadership, among others. These activities arose because of the process of adapting the profession to the market and the world of labor. However, with the new attributions, a process of intensification of the secretarial work and flexibilization, whether in activities, postures, or ways of working, became noticeable. In this sense, this article aims to investigate the processes of intensification and flexibilization of labor in the secretarial area. The guiding questions of the research are: Was there an intensification process or are the activities of this worker predominantly intense in their essence? How it configures the work of secretarial professionals in public and private corporations in Brazil? Therefore, field research was carried out with 444 (four hundred and forty-four) working secretariat professionals. The research has an applied nature, exploratory and descritive approach and with a quantitative and qualitative approach to data analysis. As main results, there is an increase in the demand for more work, in addition to the need for versatility of executive assistants. This indicates a process of intensification and flexibilization of activities and the professional profile itself in the Brazilian scenario.
KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT CHẤN THƯƠNG CỘT SỐNG CỔ THẤP TRẬT CÀI DIỆN KHỚP KHÔNG LIỆT, LIỆT TỦY KHÔNG HOÀN TOÀN
Authors: Thế Hưng Đinh , Hoàng Long Nguyễn , Văn Cường Vũ , Ngọc Sơn Đinh 
Published: April 2022

Thiết kế nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả, tiến cứu, không đối chứng. Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị phẫu thuật trong chấn thương cột sống cổ thấp trật cài diện khớp không liệt, liệt tủy không hoàn toàn tại bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức. Tổng quan: Chấn thương cột sống cổ thấp trật cài diện khớp tuy không thường gặp nhưng lại để lại những hậu quả nặng nề. Hiện nay có rất nhiều chiến lược nắn trật cài diện khớp khác nhau, như phẫu thuật đường trước đơn thuần, đường sau đơn thuần, đường trước sau, đường sau trước hay đường trước sau trước. Tuy nhiên hiệu quả của các phương pháp vẫn chưa được đánh giá đầy đủ. Phương pháp: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị của 44 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán chấn thương cột sống cổ thấp trật cài diện khớp không liệt, liệt tủy không hoàn toàn tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức từ 03/2018 đến 03/2021. Kết quả: Trong nghiên cứu, phương pháp mổ 2 đường hay được sử dụng nhất (50% bệnh nhân). Sau mổ, hầu hết các bệnh nhân đều có tiến triển tốt: trước mổ chủ yếu AIS B chiếm 56,8% thì sau mổ AIS B chỉ chiếm 29,5%. Đánh giá trên X quang sau mổ thấy có 81,8% bệnh nhân hết trật và 18,2% bệnh nhân còn trật độ I theo phân độ Meyerding. Về biến chứng sau phẫu thuật, chủ yếu là loét tì đè (54,5%). Mức độ nắn trật của phương pháp mổ 2 đường tốt hơn so với 2 phương pháp trên có ý nghĩa thống kê. Kết luận: Nghiên cứu của chúng tôi thấy rằng phẫu thuật mổ nắn trật cài diện khớp là phẫu thuật an toàn và hiệu quả. Trong đó phương pháp mổ 2 đường có khả năng nắn trật về giải phẫu tốt hơn 2 phương pháp trên có ý nghĩa thống kê.
THỰC TRẠNG KIẾN THỨC GIẤC NGỦ CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH TĂNG HUYẾT ÁP TẠI XÃ NAM PHONG THÀNH PHỐ NAM ĐỊNH NĂM 2019
Authors: Thị Huế Nguyễn 
Published: April 2022

Số liệu được thu thập qua phỏng vấn trực tiếp 148 người bệnh tăng huyết áp tại xã Nam Phong, thành phố Nam Định, tỉnh Nam Định với phương pháp điều tra cắt ngang nhằm mô tả thực trạng kiến thức giấc ngủ của người bệnh tăng huyết áp. Kết quả có 49,3% bệnh nhân là nam và 50,7% bệnh nhân là nữ; 68,2% đối tượng từ 60 tuổi trở lên, 75% trình độ học vấn từ trung học cơ sở trở xuống và 68,2% đối tượng là nông dân. Kiến thức về giấc ngủ của người bệnh còn nhiều hạn chế, trong đó: 4,1% kiến thức mức tốt; 29% kiến thức mức trung bình và 66,9% kiến thức mức kém. Nghiên cứu cho thấy sự cần thiết phải nâng cao kiến thức về giấc ngủ cho người bệnh tăng huyết áp thông qua các chương trình truyền thông giáo dục sức khỏe khác nhau, từ đó hướng tới mục đích tăng cường chất lượng cuộc sống cho nhóm đối tượng này.
Barbiche, Bernard, Le Roi et l’État (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), École des Chartes, 2021
Authors: Vaillancourt Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Compte-rendu de l’ouvrage de Bernard Barbiche. Cet ouvrage s’avèrera fort utile pour ceux qui travaillent sur le règne d’Henri IV et Sully ou qui s’intéresse à la matérialité des documents juridiques. Pour les chercheurs, cela permettra d’économiser beaucoup de temps dans la quête de textes plus difficiles d’accès. Mais ils y verront aussi un exemple probant de méthode, des compléments heureux aux correspondances d’ambassadeurs ou à la biographie de Sully qu’a co-écrit Bernard Barbiche. Les articles, anciens ou récents, offrent un angle qui est souvent délaissé.
Code-Switching in Teaching and Learning English at Higher Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Tehsil Faisalabad City
Authors: Raza Nasir , Raza Ali , Ramzan Amara 
Published: April 2022

Code switching (CS) is an inevitable natural phenomenon of bilingual classrooms of Pakistan. The study aims at analyzing the context, reasons and effects of code switching on teaching and learning, English at higher secondary schools of Faisalabad. This study was conducted at higher secondary schools (boys) of Tehsil Faisalabad City. There are total 24 higher secondary schools (boys) in District Faisalabad. Out of these 24 schools, 11 schools were in Tehsil Faisalabad City. Three higher secondary schools were selected through random sampling technique. The sampling frame was made by taking the list of teachers and students from the selected schools. There were 19 English teachers and 366 students in these schools. All the teachers were taken as respondents, whereas, the sample size for students was calculated 188 through online available software www.suveysystem.com with confidence level 95% and confidence interval 5%. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select the respondents. For collecting data, a well-structured questionnaire was developed. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). For interpretation and discussion of results, the collected data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, i-e, percentages, means and standard deviation. The results revealed that teaching and learning process is facilitated by the use of CS in classroom. It should be used to make teaching and learning easy. Moreover, it should be used to involve the students in classroom activities. Seminars and trainings should be arranged for the better use of CS.
Auditor Responses to Cost Controls
Authors: Pierce Bernard , Sweeney Breda 
Published: April 2022

This study is designed to investigate empirically the range and frequency of functional and dysfunctional auditor behaviours in Big Five (now Big Four) audit firms in Ireland in response to formal cost control systems, and to identify trends in response behaviours since previous studies. A survey questionnaire was sent to all auditors in second year (audit juniors) and third year (audit seniors) in four of the Big Five firms in Ireland in 1999. The findings suggest that the levels of underreporting of time (URT) and quality threatening behaviours (QTB) in response to tight time budgets have decreased since the previous study in Ireland. The overall level of URT has also decreased, while overall QTB frequency has increased. This suggests that factors other than tight time budgets are driving levels of QTB in the current audit environment but having no effect all URT. The behavioural patterns of juniors and seniors were not found to be significantly different, but male auditors were found to report significantly higher levels of certain dysfunctional behaviours than female auditors. Contrary to prior literature, the level of documentation between audit areas was not found to be a significant indicator of the most serious form of QTB - premature sign-off (PSO); however, the level of documentation within each of two audit areas was a significant indicator of the level of PSO within those areas.
The Information Content of the Preliminary Announcement, Interim Report and AGM: Evidence From the Irish Stock Exchange
Authors: Ryan Paul 
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the price impact of the preliminary announcemnt, interim report and AGM for companies quoted on the Irish Stock Exchange. We find that such events communicate valuable information to the market. In contrast to extant US- and UK-based research, we find that the market reacts instantaneously to a firm’s formal accounting releases and that there are no information interpretation and assimilation delays. Our results have implications for information processing and market efficiency in a small stock market.
Illustrating “Winter Dreams” in Context
Authors: Nolan Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Almost universally, scholarly considerations of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “Winter Dreams” treat the fact that the story was initially published in an illustrated magazine as incidental. By focusing on the three almost simultaneous publications of “Winter Dreams” in illustrated magazines—the American Metropolitan (December 1922), the overlooked first publication in the Canadian MacLean’s (15 November 1922), and the British Royal Magazine (February 1923)—and Arthur William Brown, who provided all six of the North American illustrations, this article begins to offer a corrective to this oversight and argues for reading Fitzgerald’s story not simply as an evolving text but as an evolving cultural artifact framed by the means of cultural production within a specific place and time—that is, the popular magazine world during the golden age of illustration. Far from being dismissive of this context, Fitzgerald was sensitive to the ways that illustrations worked in tandem with his stories to create, in the words of Jerome McGann, “works of composite art,” and early in his career he appreciated and valued illustrators’ contributions, including Brown’s. Using correspondence from authors to illustrators, Brown’s unpublished memoirs, contemporary accounts of illustrators’ processes, and textual and visual details from the three illustrated magazines where “Winter Dreams” appeared, this article argues that our understanding of the story and of Fitzgerald’s career more broadly require consideration of the visual, cultural, and material contexts that surrounded his work.
Joseph Conrad’s Major Fiction and Tender Is the Night
Authors: Messenger Chris 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article charts how Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness may have allowed F. Scott Fitzgerald a partial way forward to key narrative and stylistic decisions in Tender Is the Night. Tender appears to think richly past its creator to embrace influences and echoes from Conrad’s classic early modernist text in the realm of constituting character, determining scene, and fixing narrative construction. Conrad and Fitzgerald each expressed a resentful caretaking of the feminine in canonical texts while expressing their frustration at the power of sentiment to influence their heroes’ sensibilities. Fitzgerald in reading Heart of Darkness appears to have been significantly influenced by Kurtz’s self-hatred and vaulting ambition and also by Marlow’s instinctive suppression of Kurtz’s actions, with his concomitant manipulation and resentment of women. The strongest similarities to Fitzgerald’s Dick Diver are in the disgust both he and Marlow feel for “women as power” and how they pattern out their emotions. Furthermore, Heart of Darkness yields two avatars of Conrad’s Kurtz for Fitzgerald as well as perhaps another source for a suppressed ending to Tender. At different points, Fitzgerald also provides the women of Tender with powerful and satiric interrogations of Dick’s sentimental regimen, its weaknesses, and blind spots. Both Nicole Diver’s keening in discovering the dead body of Jules Peterson in Rosemary Hoyt’s bed and Dick’s final interview with bland survivor Mary North Minghetti above the beach on the Riviera suggest surprising parallels to Marlow’s final conversation with Kurtz’s Intended in Brussels.
“Mr. Fitzgerald—I believe that is how he spells his name—seems to think that plagiarism begins at home”: A Reading of Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald’s “Friend Husband’s Latest”
Authors: Ullrich David W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald’s “Friend Husband’s Latest,” her 2 April 1922 New York Tribune review of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and Damned. The article focuses on three aspects of the review: (1) an apparent textual inconsistency with regard to Gloria Gilbert Patch’s birthday; (2) the literary acumen of the review itself, as it marks Zelda’s first mature publication and no critic has analyzed the review in the detail it deserves; and (3) Zelda’s now-famous quip, “Mr. Fitzgerald—I believe that is how he spells his name—seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.” These three issues—a textual discrepancy, an authorial debut, and an alleged plagiarism—compel further investigation into this underappreciated and provocative text.
Nick Carraway as Telemachus: Homeric Influences and Narrative Bias in The Great Gatsby
Authors: Ascher Allen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In May 1924, when the Fitzgeralds moved to the Riviera to complete The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald wrote to Thomas Boyd, “I’m going to read nothing but Homer + Homeric literature—and history 540–1200 A.D. until I finish my novel, + I hope to God I don’t see a soul for six months.” Reading Gatsby in the context of the Iliad and the Odyssey reveals a number of thematically significant parallels and contrasts between Fitzgerald’s characters and the major figures in the Homeric epics. Jay Gatsby, as Fitzgerald traces his life from beginning to end, is a type of both Achilles, a mythic culture hero in a long quest to realize his destiny, and Odysseus, who works to “repeat the past” after a twenty-year absence. Daisy is the Penelope who determines the end of Gatsby’s/Odysseus’s quest; Tom is Antinous, the suitor who disrupts the hero’s house, and, in a major inversion in the novel, destroys the hero’s return. Most conspicuous is the parallel between Nick Carraway, a lost figure who finds a renewal of the promise of life in Gatsby, and Telemachus, the son in search of his father. Taken together, these parallels and contrasts reveal the dramatic functions of Fitzgerald’s characters, their relationships, their sometimes stark actions and responses to one another, and Fitzgerald’s epic theme of American aspiration in the 1920s.
Prevalence of COVID-19 virus infection in asymptomatic volunteers in Baghdad city / Iraq during 2021
Authors: Al-Jindeel Tareq Jafaar , Al-Karawi Abdullah Salim , Kready Hussein. O. , Mohammed Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

Background: From February April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept through more than 200 countries and infected more than 100 million individuals globally, posing an unprecedented threat to human health. There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for COVID-19 and vaccination programs, whilst promising, remain in their infancy. A key to restricting the pandemic is the ability to minimize human-human transmission and predict the infection status of the population in the face of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Success in this area is dependent on the rapid detection of COVID-19 positive individuals with current/previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status. The 3 categories of tests used to detect current or past viral infection are molecular, serologic, and antigen-detection assays. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the fluorescence LFIA Finecare TM 2019-nCoV S-RBD test along with its reader (Model No.: FS-113) in Iraqi setting. Giving a look on the prevalence of Covid19 infection in Baghdad city is our second aim. Study design A retrospective study on 75 randomly selected serum samples collected between 10 and 15 April 2020 was performed. They were checked for Covid-19 specific IgG and IgM responses by FinCare™ rapid semi-automated kit. Two aims were put in examinations.
Use of a simulated group visit to introduce advance care planning in the primary care setting
Authors: Campbell Julie C. , Kroger-Jarvis Melanie , Selman Sandra 
Published: April 2022

Background and objective: When serious illness prevails or when faced with an end-of-life event, nurses should recognize symptoms and support patients with decision-making. By encouraging advance care planning (ACP) in the outpatient setting, patient involvement is enhanced. Objective: A performance improvement plan was used to increase nurse care manager confidence levels with hosting ACP conversations.Methods: Design: Care managers attended a two-hour simulated session to observe how to educate and prepare patients to complete advance directives. The session included a video introduction with two different group activities that encouraged sharing experiences from the peer perspective. Options for care were explored, focusing on selecting a health care power of attorney and promoting an end-of-life values conversation. Setting/Participants: The group visit occurs in the outpatient setting in a small group with five nurse care managers in the first visit and nine nurses in the second visit. Measures: Using a Likert scale, a pre/post-visit survey was given with eight questions to measure confidence levels with ACP in the group visit setting. Follow-up interviews were voluntarily conducted to measure confidence in completing an ACP conversation with a friend or family member.Results: Eight of the fourteen care managers participated in the post-visit interviews. 63% expressed themes of increased comfort in understanding and sharing ACP steps. The overall mean for pre/post survey confidence level increased from 3.77 to 4.33 (S.D. 0.25), with the most significant increase centered around confidence to lead a values conversation to select preferences for care.Conclusions: This performance improvement plan to promote ACP in the outpatient setting aligns with past studies promoting a group visit to educate and prepare patients to complete advance directives. Although findings may have limited generalizability, due to their small sample size, future group visits should be considered as a possible solution to meet busy time constraints in the primary care office.