bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the concentration- and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient and activation energy via diffusion image analysis
Authors: Wei Li , Pu Xiaoyun , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian 
Published: October 2022

Problems associated with obtaining measurements of the concentration- and temperature-dependent liquid diffusion coefficient, D(C, T), and the concentration-dependent diffusion activation energy, Ea(C), include large experimental workload and time consumption. To account for these, this paper introduces an optical method for rapidly measuring D(C, T) and Ea(C), based on the imagery of a liquid-core cylindrical lens (LCL) and numerical calculation. This method requires only one diffusion image obtained from the diffusion experiment, and D(C) is measured at a particular temperature. First, we measured the D(C) coefficients of glycerin solution at 288.0, 293.0, 298.0, 303.0, 308.0, 313.0, and 318.0 K. Then, the ray tracing theory was used to study the ray propagation law in the LCL composed of an inhomogeneous solution, which simulated the diffusion images of the entire experimental process and provided a method to verify the measured values of D(C). Finally, the law of diffusion activation energy varying with concentration was discussed based on the Arrhenius theory and the acquired values of D(C, T). This study further improves the measurement technology for D(C, T) and Ea(C) and provides an efficient methodology to build extensive D(C, T) and Ea(C) databases in the biochemical, medical, semiconductor, and environmental protection industries.
Thermodiffusion of polymer solutions and colloidal dispersions in mixed solvents
Authors: Sommermann D. , Schraml M. , Köhler W. 
Published: October 2022

Two-color optical measurements of thermodiffusion in ternary mixtures frequently suffer from ill-conditioned contrast factor matrices, whose inversion leads to very large experimental errors. In this contribution, we show how the error amplification can be avoided in situations where a priori knowledge about the directions of the eigenvectors of the diffusion matrix is available. We present optical beam deflection experiments on solutions of the polymer polystyrene of Mw = 4880 g/mol in a mixed solvent of toluene and cyclohexane. In this system, the two diffusion eigenvalues differ by almost one order of magnitude. The large eigenvalue can be attributed to the interdiffusion of the two solvents and the small one to the polymer diffusion relative to the mixed solvent. The pre-selection of the eigenvectors renders the method stable against fluctuations of the experimental parameters. Both the diffusion and the Soret coefficients attributed to the two modes agree very well with the respective values of corresponding binary mixtures.
A comparison of lead-based and lead-free bullets for shooting sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Australia
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Bengsen Andrew J. , Flesch Jason S. , Toop Simon D. , Davies Christopher , Forsyth David M. , Kanstrup Niels , Stokke Sigbjørn , Arnemo Jon M. 
Published: October 2022

Context In response to the toxic health threats posed by lead (Pb), there is currently a focus on transitioning to lead-free bullets for shooting wild animals. Aim We aimed to quantify the killing efficiency and animal welfare outcomes of lead-based and lead-free (copper-based) bullets for ground-based shooting of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Methods We used shooter-collected data from recreational diurnal hunting and professional nocturnal culling during 2020–2021. Shooters recorded rifle calibre, cartridge type, bullet mass, bullet type, shooting outcomes (miss, wound or kill), shooting distance, flight distance (the distance between where the animal was shot and where it died) as an assumed positive correlate of time to incapacitation, anatomical zones struck by bullets, and frequency of bullet exit wounds. We used flight distance as our response variable, assuming that it is positively correlated with time to incapacitation. To examine the role of several predictor variables (including bullet type) potentially influencing flight distance, the dataset was reduced to those deer killed with a single thoracic shot. Key results Our data captured shooting events involving 276 deer, with 124 deer shot at with lead-based bullets and 152 with copper-based bullets. Most (87%) of the deer were killed with a single shot. The frequency of non-fatal wounding was <4% for both bullet types and there was no distinct difference in the probability of a single shot kill for deer shot with either bullet type. For those deer killed with a single thoracic shot (n = 198), there was no evidence that bullet energy or shooting distance influenced flight distance. After accounting for differences in terminal kinetic energy, the mean flight distance of deer shot with lead-free bullets (35 m) was 56% greater than that of deer shot with lead-based bullets (22 m). Conclusions Lead-based and lead-free bullets produced similar animal welfare outcomes for shooting sambar deer. Implications A transition to lead-free ammunition for shooting sambar deer would have minimal impact on efficiency or animal welfare outcomes.
Adsorption of formaldehyde on F@graphene layer
Authors: Arellano J S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work study the interaction of a toxic substance, formaldehyde, with a F@graphene layer. Using density functional theory, three cases of adsorption of formaldehyde, CH2O, on a finite sheet of graphene with 32 carbon atoms are shown. In the first two cases, the formaldehyde is adsorbed on the graphene sheet. The third case shows that under certain conditions it is possible to dissociate the formaldehyde molecule in the HF dimer and the formyl molecule, CHO. Although there are studies that report the toxicity of formaldehyde, it remains to be seen whether the toxicity of the CHO fragment in the reaction, F + CH2O → HF + CHO, may or may not be less than that of formaldehyde.
Study of the effect of dynamic viscosity on the performance of a portable microinjector for severe dry eye treatment using a glycerol-water mixture as a test fluid.
Authors: Babakidi Narcisse Meni , Gamboa Gonzalo Viramontes , Ibarra Bracamontes Laura Alicia , Reyes Israel Luna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article presents the experimental results of a series of performance tests performed on a microinjector designed to deliver different artificial tear solutions to patients with severe dry eye syndrome. The device is intended to aid in the treatment of this syndrome by providing a continuous injection of artificial tears as needed that overcomes many of the deficiencies inherent in dripping from the manual method. In this work, a set of experiments were carried out to quantify the temporal error that allow determining the dynamic behavior of the viscosity of the glycerol/water mixture as a suitable test solution for the device and then comparing it with the use of commercial artificial tears to define an acceptable viscosity range with a lower temporal error for the correct operation of the system. The experimental method of viscosity measurement was used by means of an Ostwald viscometer that allows determining the times that flow the volume of various percentages by volume of glycerol/water and drops. In addition, the gravimetric density method was used to determine the density and subsequently by the Poiseuille relationship with respect to the densities of percentages in volume of glycerol/water and drops, the different times that flow through a capillary tube, the dynamic viscosity. The results obtained during the operation of the tested microinjector suggest that the microinjector can function correctly without problem in a range of evaluated dynamic viscosity of 1 to 1500 mP a.s with a maximum temporal error of ∼ 5 %. The temporal error evaluated is a parameter that is necessary to know for the well-being of patients using this device and the viscosities of the products used do not significantly influence the performance of the microinjector.
Laser fragmentation of metal powders suspended in water for hydrogen generation
Authors: Escobar Alarcón L , Iturbe García J L , Solis Casados D A , Romero S , Haro Poniatowski E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The hydrogen production by laser induced fragmentation of metal powders suspended in water is investigated. Powders of metals such as Al, Mg and three Al-Mg alloys were suspended in distillated water and subjected to laser irradiation to promote a displacement chemical reaction of hydrogen from water. All the studied powders under laser irradiation produced H2 and the volume rise as a function of the laser fluence, amount of powder and irradiation time following linear behavior. This on-demand production of hydrogen could be an option to release the hydrogen contained in water (H2O) in situ. Using this configuration, a maximum hydrogen generation rate close to 1.7 mL/min is obtained.
Manufacture of porous carbon thin films for energy storage
Authors: Cabrera Rodríguez O , Trejo Valdez M D , Villar Masetto T I , Torres San Miguel C R 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present work, a technique to generate pores in Vulcan VCX-72 and VCX-72R commercial coal through the Hummers method and the elaboration of membranes is shown. The product obtained through the process was cleaned and dried, then SEM microscopy in which the generation of pores in the coal was observed. Membranes were elaborated using the material and were placed in an electrochemical cell in a set up of three electrodes immersed in an acid solution of H2SO4. Autolab® potentiostat and the Nova® software were used to carry out electrochemical tests that showed capacitive properties in the Hummers method’s coal.
Design of a compliant mechanism for a sternum prosthesis using the pseudo-rigid-body model
Authors: Ramirez O , Hernández Cerero R , Prieto Vazquez A Y , Torres San Miguel C R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When a sternum prosthesis is implemented, it must allow the movement of the rib cage. The sternum prosthesis designs that have been developed are completely rigid, this aspect can present discomfort when breathing, as well as fixation problems between the prosthesis and the bone tissue. The aim of this work is to develop a flexible device that allows the movement of the rib cage during breathing. Compliant mechanism design was developed by using the pseudo-rigid body model (PRBM) starting from a 4-bar rigid mechanism. The flexible model was obtained by developing the methodology of replacement from rigid to flexible body. The results show the obtained parameters of the compliant mechanism and the three-dimensional model for subsequent numerical and experimental analysis.
Analysis of the stresses obtained in adobe walls without reinforcement against lateral loads obtained through modeling in SAP 2000
Authors: Ospina Henao P A , Oñate Ballesteros R D , Peñaranda Vega J S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When talking about the techniques of collection, elaboration and construction of adobe and in general of constructions with earth, there is always a great variety of construction techniques, and composition in the blocks that vary according to the region and culture [1], which generates a great uncertainty, and causes that, at present, although we have decree 2113 of 2019, we do not have clarity as to a method and characteristics universally valid and accepted in our country. It is for this reason that in this work we show the modelling of a series of type walls by means of the SAP 2000 program for which applying a static linear analysis for finite elements and an analysis of stresses the service limit states given for a series of walls of different composition are determined, which showed that the percentage of failure for adobe walls is 40% under the given methodology, under this threshold it was determined that the element can be in service and have functionality, exceeding this value it is denoted that the element will lose its functionality without entering into risk of collapse until reaching a percentage of 50%. Finally, the models are obtained with the appropriate effort analyses and design recommendations under the criteria of the results obtained, leaving the possibility of performing an experimental phase to develop the analogy with those raised in the models.
Pre-heating of an aluminum sample using a continuous laser diode in LIBS experiments
Authors: García Villarreal A , Robledo Martinez A , Sobral H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present here the study of the pre-heating of an aluminum sample in laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) experiments. The pre-heating of the sample was made using a continuous-wave (CW) laser diode having a wavelength of 450nm and 3.8 W power. The laser diode is focused on the aluminum sample by means of a plane-convex lens with a focal length of 10 cm. The ablation plasma is created by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with 7ns of pulse duration. The results of using different energy values per pulse of the ablation laser on the pre-heated sample are reported. The pre-heating of the aluminum sample, using this laser diode, shows an increment of 30-50% in the ionic line intensity.
Experimental assessment of cruciate ligaments performance on a Lower Limb Impactor (LLI)
Authors: López Álvarez I , Figueroa Flores G , Rivera Hernández M A , Torres SanMiguel C R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Lower Leg Impactor (LLI) has been used since 2005 without any modification. However, this model lacks similitude with the human knee. This work analyzes the operation of a four-bar mechanism applied in LLI, as a movable element of the knee. In addition, Runover experimental tests were carried out using the LLI made with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), to analyze the accuracy of movable knee implemented in the LLI under the European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee/Working Group 17 (EEVC/WG17) standard. The results show the possible injuries suffered in the double four-bar mechanism and the different injuries developed in pedestrians.
Evaluation of the martensitic transformation in a rapidly solidified Co – Cr alloy subjected to thermomechanical processing by XRD technique
Authors: Luna-Manuel J C , Ramirez-Ledesma A L , Juarez-Islas J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The martensitic transformation in Co-Cr based alloys is complex and is intimately influenced by the processing, for this reason, is still investigated. X-ray diffraction technique was used to identified and quantified the phases present in a rapidly solidified Co – 20 wt. % Cr alloy in three different conditions: as-cast (AC), hot – rolled (HR), and hot – rolled plus annealing (HR + A). After HR, the diffraction pattern exhibits a peak partitioning located at a diffraction angle (2θ) of 44.7°, where the (111) plane of the face centered cubic phase (γ – CoFCC) and the (0002) plane of the hexagonal compact phase (ε – CoHCP) coexist. Additionally, for all conditions, the lattice parameters in the present phases, γ – CoFCC and ε – CoHCP, were determined using Bragg’s law. The lattice contraction in the S(111) plane was determined, and the density of the (111) plane was calculated. The stacking fault energy, (γSFE), for all conditions was calculated using the Olson-Cohen method. The hexagonal compact phase volume percentage was obtained with the Sage and Guillaud equation and for all conditions was above 90 %.
Calculation of the fuel consumption, fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions of a heavy-duty vehicle
Authors: Pantoja Gallegos J L , Dominguez Vergara N , Dominguez Perez D N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The calculation of the fuel consumption, fuel economy and carbon dioxide emissions (CO
2) of a heavy-duty vehicle is detailed. First the forces over a vehicle in motion are calculated and then the necessary torque and the revolutions per minute (rpm) of the engine to provide the tractive force are found. The fuel consumption in kilograms per second for a pair of rpm and torque is obtained from the engine fuel map. The CO
2 emissions are obtained from the fuel consumption. The maxima of the torque and power of a 455 horse power engine are presented as a function of the rpm as well as the specific fuel consumption of the vehicle at the maxima values of the torque. Finally, the fuel economy of the vehicle moving in part of one of the cycles used by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America to certify heavy-duty vehicles to fuel consumption and CO
2 emissions is calculated.
Surface Morphology and Structure in ZnO films doped with Ga and In impurities
Authors: El Filali Brahim , Torchynska Tetyana , Polupan Georgiy , Lozada Erick Velázquez , Ballardo Rodriguez Isis Chetzyl , Ramirez Garcia Jorge Luis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ZnO:Ga:In nanocrystal (NC) films co-doped with Ga and In donor type impurities have been investigated The films were produced by spray pyrolysis ultrasonic on Si substrates kept at 400°C. The group of samples was grown with permanent In content of 1at% in the films, and with various Ga contents of 0.5 at% up to 2.5 at% Ga. All samples for better crystallization have been further annealed in a nitrogen flow (5 L/min) at 400°C during 4h.
The non-monotonous varying the surface morphology has been detected in ZnO:Ga:In NC films. With a small Ga content (≤1.0 at%) and a high Ga content (≥2.0 at%), the grains have the form of small sheets distributed randomly on the surface. The sheet like shape changes to nanorod with hexagonal cross sections of the size 50-100 nm in films with 1.5 at% Ga. With all Ga concentrations the ZnO films studied demonstrated the crystal structures of wurtzite. However, the XRD peak positions and ZnO lattice parameters change non monotonically versus Ga contents. The factors that favor the non-monotonic change of the parameters of the ZnO crystal lattice have been analysed. The Ga/In doping concentrations necessary to obtain ZnO films with low roughness and flat surface morphology have been estimated.
Microwave absorption dynamics in Fe3O4nanopowders around Verwey transition
Authors: Alvarez G , Montiel H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In Fe3O4 nanopowders were carried out microwave absorption measurements at X-band (8.8-9.8 GHz), in the 89-300 K temperature range, by means of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), the magnetically modulated microwave absorption spectroscopy (MAMMAS) and the low-field microwave absorption (LFMA). The Verwey transition around Tv
∼ 137 K has been detected employed the FMR parameters: the resonant field (Hres
) and the linewidth (ΔHpp
), as temperature function. MAMMAS response shows features that can also be associated with Verwey transition. Finally, LFMA spectra are associated with a magnetic state in Fe3O4 nanopowders, where a lineal component with positive slope and a hysteresis loop around zero magnetic field are clearly observed, and behavior in temperature of the lineal component also suggests the presence of the Verwey transition.
Correlation operation in the Fresnel domain and truncation operations applied to the simultaneous encryption of two images
Authors: Vilardy Juan M , Alfaro Eder , Jimenez Carlos J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A new nonlinear encryption-decryption scheme for two images using: double random phase encoding (DRPE), random phase masks (RPMs), amplitude and phase encoding, correlation operation in Fresnel domain (FrD) and truncation operations (amplitude truncation, AT and phase truncation, PT), is proposed. AT and PT are operations that work on complex-valued functions (images) in a nonlinear way, with the purpose of selecting the information contained in a complex-valued image, respectively. The first step of the encryption scheme is encoding two original images in amplitude and phase. The encryption or decryption scheme utilizes the correlation operation in FrD, AT, PT and two RPMs in a specific way to obtain the encrypted or decrypted images. The use of the AT and PT operations allow a better security of the encryption and decryption schemes because the nonlinearities introduced by these operations and the generation of two new encryption keys. The encrypted image of this proposal is real valued and the correlation operation in FrD introduces two new keys improving the security of the encryption and decryption schemes. The keys of the proposed security schemes are six and the right values of these all keys have to be used in the decryption scheme to recover the two initial images used in the input of the encryption scheme.
Effect of quantum mechanics and relativistic frequency parameter on hot deformation behaviour of CoCrFeMnNiC0.5high entropy Alloy
Authors: Muñoz-Andrade J D 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present investigation, a comparative study is carried out between the effect of the frequency parameter suggested by Zener-Hollomon (Z) and the effect of quantum mechanics and relativistic frequency parameter formulated by Muñoz-Andrade (M) on hot deformation behavior of CoCrFeMnNiC0.5high entropy alloy (HEA), in the temperature range between 973 K and 1273 K and in the strain rate range between 0.001 and 1 s-1. The crucial findings denote that at strain of ε=0.8, the frequency parameter M increased when the temperature and the strain rate increased. Moreover, the nature wavelength (λ) associated with the frequency parameter M is reduced as the temperature and the strain rate are increased. This natural wavelength λ of CoCrFeMnNiC0.5HEA development during the thermomechanical conditions applied in the present study are in the range between 0.346μm and 0.509μm. Such values are in a closed agreement with the width of the microbands (MBs) produced inside of grains. These MBs are considered as the dominant mechanism inside of crystals during the microstructural evolution related with the phenomenology and mechanics of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization in this HEA. These findings associated with the Muñoz-Andrade frequency parameter M, fully coincide with the Big Bang theory. Nevertheless, the findings associated with the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z, do not obey the Big-Bang theory. For example, the frequency parameter Z at the same deformation (ε=0.8) and thermomechanical conditions decreased as the temperature and the strain rate are increased. Additionally, the wavelength λ associated with the frequency parameter Z is in the range between 162μm and 1630μm, where such values does not coincide with the width of the MBs produced inside of grains during hot deformation of this CoCrFeMnNiC0.5HEA.
Simplified mechanical system for knee rehabilitation
Authors: Mendoza Martínez J , Aguilar Pérez L A , Torres San Miguel C R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Muscle atrophy refers to the thinning of muscles losing their tone and strength. Knee rehabilitators are usually based on a 4-bar system due to its simplicity, and the passive movement sought the rehabilitation of joints, seeking comfort in the patient. This research determines the critical movements and the correct selection of the 4-bar mechanism, considering the restrictions according to the rules of the flat mechanisms. In addition, a kinematic analysis based on geometric models is carried out for validation through a computer program for its subsequent selection of the actuator to obtain the desired movement according to the initial conditions of the knee rehabilitator that considers the rehabilitation of the patient in a sedentary position. The result shows a mechanism with an isokinetic movement employed for knee rehabilitation.