bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Visual Measures of Verbal Learning and Memory and their Relations to Speech Recognition After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Ray Christin , Pisoni David B. , Lu Emily , Kronenberger William G. , Moberly Aaron C. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
This study examined the performance of a group of adult cochlear implant (CI) candidates (CIC) on visual tasks of verbal learning and memory. Preoperative verbal learning and memory abilities of the CIC group were compared with a group of older normal-hearing (ONH) control participants. Relations between preoperative verbal learning and memory measures and speech recognition outcomes after 6 mo of CI use were also investigated for a subgroup of the CICs.

Design:
A group of 80 older adult participants completed a visually presented multitrial free recall task. Measures of word recall, repetition learning, and the use of self-generated organizational strategies were collected from a group of 49 CICs, before cochlear implantation, and a group of 31 ONH controls. Speech recognition outcomes were also collected from a subgroup of 32 of the CIC participants who returned for testing 6 mo after CI activation.

Results:
CICs demonstrated poorer verbal learning performance compared with the group of ONH control participants. Among the preoperative verbal learning and memory measures, repetition learning slope and measures of self-generated organizational clustering strategies were the strongest predictors of post-CI speech recognition outcomes.

Conclusions:
Older adult CI candidates present with verbal learning and memory deficits compared with older adults without hearing loss, even on visual tasks that are independent from the direct effects of audibility. Preoperative verbal learning and memory processes reflecting repetition learning and self-generated organizational strategies in free recall were associated with speech recognition outcomes 6 months after implantation. The pattern of results suggests that visual measures of verbal learning may be a useful predictor of outcomes in postlingual adult CICs.
Temporal Modulation Transfer Functions of Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Young Adults
Authors: Lawlor Kerri J. , Clinard Christopher G. , Piker Erin G. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are widely used to evaluate saccular function in clinical and research applications. Typically, transient tonebursts are used to elicit cVEMPs. In this study, we used bone-conducted amplitude-modulated (AM) tones to elicit AMcVEMPs. This new approach allows the examination of phase-locked vestibular responses across a range of modulation frequencies. Currently, cVEMP temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) are not well defined. The purposes of the present study were (1) to characterize the AMcVEMP TMTF in young, healthy individuals, (2) to compare AMcVEMP TMTFs across different analysis approaches, and (3) to determine the upper frequency limit of the AMcVEMP TMTF.

Design:
Young adults (ages 21 to 25) with no history of vestibular lesions or middle ear pathologies participated in this study. Stimuli were amplitude-modulated tones with a carrier frequency of 500 Hz and modulation frequencies ranging from 7 to 403 Hz. Stimuli were presented at 65 dB HL via a B81 bone-oscillator.

Results:
AMcVEMP waveforms consisted of transient onset responses, steady-state responses, and transient offset responses; the behavior of these different types of responses varied with modulation frequency. Differences in the TMTF shape were noted across different measures. The amplitude TMTF had a sharp peak, while signal-to-noise ratio and phase coherence TMTFs had broader shapes with plateaus across a range of modulation frequencies. Amplitude was maximal at modulation frequencies of 29 and 37 Hz. Signal-to-noise ratio maintained its peak value at modulation frequencies between 17 Hz and 127 Hz. Phase coherence and modulation gain maintained their peak values at modulation frequencies between 17 Hz and 143 Hz.

Conclusions:
AMcVEMPs reflect transient onset and offset responses, as well as a sustained response with the periodicity of an amplitude-modulation frequency. AMcVEMP TMTFs had variable shapes depending on the analysis being applied to the response; amplitude had a narrow shape while others were broader. Average upper frequency limits of the AMcVEMP TMTF were as high as approximately 300 Hz in young, healthy adults.
IDIOPATHIC MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS WITH SERPIGINOUS-LIKE PERIPAPILLARY CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY
Authors: Moussa Kareem , Alsberge Joseph B. , Munk Marion R. , Vora Robin A. , Emami-Naeini Parisa , Yiu Glenn , Cunningham Emmett T. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To report nine cases of multifocal choroiditis with serpiginous-like peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy.

Methods:
A retrospective observational case series of eyes with multifocal choroiditis with serpiginous-like peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy. Multimodal imaging findings were reviewed and presented.

Results:
Fifteen eyes of 9 patients (6 women and 3 men), with a mean age of 48.1 years (median, 46 years; range, 23–74 years), presented with multifocal choroiditis serpiginous-like peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy. All 15 eyes presented with serpiginoid peripapillary changes and had discrete patches of atrophy or punched-out scars in the posterior pole or periphery. Eleven eyes (73.3%) had cone-shaped retinal pigment epithelium elevations on optical coherence tomography, 10 eyes (66.7%) had mild vitritis, and 4 eyes (26.7%) had peripheral curvilinear streak lesions. Three eyes (20%) had choroidal neovascularization. All patients responded well to treatment with systemic immunosuppression, local corticosteroid injections, and/or intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections.

Conclusion:
Multifocal choroiditis may present with peripapillary chorioretinal changes resembling a serpiginous-like choroiditis in addition to the classic findings of patches of atrophy or punched-out scars in the posterior pole or periphery, cone-shaped retinal pigment epithelium elevated on optical coherence tomography and peripheral curvilinear streak lesions.
Contralateral Forced Eyelid Closure Increases Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Melachuri Samyuktha , Palazzolo Laura , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
The purpose of the study was to describe the influence of contralateral forced eyelid closure on intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods:
Twenty-one healthy volunteers with no ophthalmic history had their IOP measured in the supine position to simulate the intraoperative environment. Intraocular pressure was measured with a handheld tonometer over three scenarios: (1) both eyes in a relaxed state, (2) eyelid speculum in the right eye with both eyes open and relaxed, (3) eyelid speculum in the right eye with the fellow eye squeezing tightly.

Results:
Intraocular pressure significantly increased with forced contralateral eyelid squeezing compared with the relaxed state by a mean of 7.71±5.08 mm Hg (95% Confidence Interval of 5.40–7.37), P<0.001.

Conclusions:
Contralateral eyelid squeezing can significantly increase intraoperative IOP measurements.
Visual–Spatial Attentional Performance Identifies Lower Extremity Injury Risk in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Avedesian Jason M. , McPherson April L. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Barber Foss Kim D. , Hogg Jennifer A. , Zuleger Taylor M. , Dufek Janet S. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Strategies to identify lower extremity musculoskeletal (LEMSK) injury risk have been informed by prospectively identified biomechanical and neuromuscular risk factors. Emergent evidence suggests that cognitive and oculomotor performance may also contribute to LEMSK injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prospective cognitive and oculomotor measures identify adolescent athletes who sustain an in-season LEMSK injury.

Design:
Prospective longitudinal study.

Settings:
Controlled laboratory and athletic event settings.

Participants:
Four hundred eighty-eight adolescent male football and female soccer athletes aged 13 to 18 years.

Assessment of risk factors:
Preseason baseline cognitive and oculomotor performance: Attention Network Task (ANT), cued task switching, King–Devick test, and near point of convergence.

Main outcome measure:
Incidence of LEMSK sprains and strains during a single competitive season.

Results:
Attention Network Task–orienting network reaction time (RT) was the only cognitive or oculomotor measure significantly associated with LEMSK injury [B = 1.015, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.024, P < 0.01]. Every 10 milliseconds increase in orienting network RT was associated with a 15% increased risk for LEMSK injury. Athletes demonstrating an orienting network RT ≥ 32.8 milliseconds had a higher risk for LEMSK injury relative to athletes below the cut-point (relative risk, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.52-4.52; odds ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.63-5.52).

Conclusions:
Deficits in visual–spatial components of attention were associated with 2.62 times greater risk for LEMSK injury in adolescent athletes. The present results add evidence to suggest that visual–spatial attentional processing contributes to LEMSK injury and may supplement previously established LEMSK injury risk assessments.
Immediate effect of stair exercise on stiffness, tone, and pressure pain threshold of thoracolumbar fascia in individuals with lower limb amputation: a preliminary report
Authors: Kablan Nilüfer , Alaca Nuray , Atalay Emre Serdar , Tatar Yaşar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Adaptations to the use of prosthesis in individuals with a lower limb amputation may cause changes in lumbopelvic region structures during daily life activities.

Objective:
To investigate the effect of stair exercise on the stiffness, tone, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) in individuals with unilateral lower limb amputation.

Design:
This is a prospective preliminary study.

Methods:
The study was conducted in Prosthetic Orthotic Centers in Istanbul. Syrian individuals with unilateral transtibial (n = 17) and transfemoral (n = 15) amputation who received prosthesis and rehabilitation services at the centers between February 2020 and December 2020 were included in the study. The subjects were instructed to ascend and descend a nine-step stair one at a time at their maximum possible speed. Measurements were made before and immediately after the stair exercise. Tone and stiffness of TLF was measured using myometer. PPT was measured using algometer. Low back pain was evaluated using numerical pain rating scale.

Results:
In the transfemoral amputation group, PPT measurements taken immediately after stair exercise were significantly decreased in both the amputated (P = 0.001) and intact (P = 0.021) sides, whereas significant reduction in stiffness when compared with the prestair levels was observed only at the intact side (P = 0.019). The change in PPT values on the amputated side was significantly higher in individuals with transfemoral amputation than those in individuals with transtibial amputation (P = 0.011).

Conclusion:
The decrease in PPT values of TLF in the transfemoral amputation group was considered as a precursor sign for low back pain development. Thus, exercises and preventive rehabilitation programs targeting TLF may be needed, especially in this group.
Biomechanical accommodation to walking with an ankle–foot prosthesis: An exploratory analysis of novice users with transtibial limb loss within the first year of ambulation
Authors: Mahon Caitlin E. , Hendershot Brad D. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The way in which a person with limb loss interacts with a prosthesis changes over time; however, there remains a lack of guidance for defining accommodation to walking with a prosthesis, limiting consistency and generalizability of research.

Objective:
To evaluate accommodations to walking with dynamic elastic response prosthetic ankle–foot devices among novice users with unilateral transtibial limb loss during the first year of ambulation.

Study design:
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Prosthetic and intact ankle–foot mechanical power profiles and mechanical work during step-to-step transitions were calculated using the Unified Deformable model for 22 male individuals with limb loss at five time points within the first year of independent ambulation (0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months). Subjects walked at a self-selected walking velocity and controlled walking velocity (CWV). Subjective measures included the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.

Results:
Self-selected walking velocity ranged from 1.24 ± 0.06 m/s at 0 month to 1.38 ± 0.04 m/s at 12 months, whereas CWV was 1.20 ± 0.02 m/s. At both velocities, positive work/peak power during prosthetic push-off trended upward until the 4-month time point. In addition, negative peak power during intact foot-strike seemed to qualitatively become less negative until 4 months. Positive work during intact push-off trended downward until 4 months at CWV, whereas positive peak power during intact push-off qualitatively became more positive at self-selected walking velocity.

Conclusions:
These trends may partially indicate (biomechanical) accommodation to walking by appearance of a “plateau” at 4 months after initial ambulation with a prosthesis.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of Gadopiclenol in Pediatric Patients Aged 2 to 17 Years
Authors: Jurkiewicz Elżbieta , Tsvetkova Silvia , Grinberg Anna , Pasquiers Blaise 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, safety, and efficacy of gadopiclenol, a new high-relaxivity gadolinium-based contrast agent, in children aged 2 to 17 years.

Materials and Methods
Children scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system (CNS cohort) or other organs (body cohort) were included sequentially into 3 age groups (12–17, 7–11, and 2–6 years). Gadopiclenol was administered at the dose of 0.05 mmol/kg. A sparse sampling approach was applied, with 4 blood samples per child collected up to 8 hours postinjection. Population PK modeling was used for the analysis, including the CNS cohort and adult subjects from a previous study. Adverse events were recorded, and efficacy was assessed for all children.

Results
Eighty children were included, 60 in the CNS cohort and 20 in the body cohort. The 2-compartment model with linear elimination from the central compartment developed in adults was also suitable for children. Pharmacokinetic parameters were very similar between adults and children. Terminal elimination half-life was 1.82 hours for adults and 1.77 to 1.29 hours for age groups 12–17 to 2–6 years. The median clearance ranged from 0.08 L/h/kg in adults and 12–17 years to 0.12 L/h/kg in 2–6 years. The median central and peripheral volumes of distribution were 0.11 to 0.12 L/kg and 0.06 L/kg, respectively, for both adults and children. Simulations of plasma concentrations showed minor differences, and median area under the curve was 590 mg·h/L for adults and 582 to 403 mg·h/L for children. Two patients (2.5%) experienced nonserious adverse events considered related to gadopiclenol: a mild QT interval prolongation and a moderate maculopapular rash. Despite the limited number of patients, this study showed that gadopiclenol improved lesion detection, visualization, and diagnostic confidence.

Conclusions
The PK profile of gadopiclenol in children aged 2 to 17 years was similar to that observed in adults. Thus, there is no indication for age-based dose adaptation, and comparable plasma gadopiclenol concentrations are predicted to be achieved with body weight–based dosing in this population. Gadopiclenol at 0.05 mmol/kg seems to have a good safety profile in these patients and could improve lesion detection and visualization, therefore providing better diagnostic confidence.
3-Dimensional Fluid and White Matter Suppression Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequence Accelerated With Compressed Sensing Improves Multiple Sclerosis Cervical Spinal Cord Lesion Detection Compared With Standard 2-Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Emorine Thibaut , Megdiche Imen , Brugières Pierre , Créange Alain , Kober Tobias , Massire Aurélien , Bapst Blanche 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Fluid and white matter suppression (FLAWS) is a recently proposed magnetic resonance sequence derived from magnetization-prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient-echo providing 2 coregistered datasets with white matter– and cerebrospinal fluid–suppressed signal, enabling synthetic imaging with amplified contrast. Although these features are high potential for brain multiple sclerosis (MS) imaging, spinal cord has never been evaluated with this sequence to date. The objective of this work was therefore to assess diagnostic performance and self-confidence provided by compressed-sensing (CS) 3-dimensional (3D) FLAWS for cervical MS lesion detection on a head scan that includes the cervical cord without changing standard procedures.

Materials and Methods
Prospective 3 T scans (MS first diagnosis or follow-up) acquired between 2019 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 3D CS-FLAWS (duration: 5 minutes 40 seconds), axial T2 turbo spin echo covering cervical spine from cervicomedullary junction to the same inferior level as FLAWS, and sagittal cervical T2/short tau inversion recovery imaging. Two readers performed a 2-stage double-blind reading, followed by consensus reading. Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the number of detected spinal cord lesions and the reader's diagnostic self-confidence when using FLAWS versus the reference 2D T2-weighted imaging.

Results
Fifty-eight patients were included (mean age, 40 ± 13 years, 46 women, 7 ± 6 years mean disease duration). The CS-FLAWS detected significantly more lesions than the reference T2-weighted imaging (197 vs 152 detected lesions, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 98% (T2-weighted imaging sensitivity: 90%) after consensual reading. Considering the subgroup of patients who underwent sagittal T2 + short tau inversion recovery imaging (Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis subgroup), +250% lesions were detected with FLAWS (63 vs 25 lesions detected, P < 0.001). Mean reading self-confidence was significantly better with CS-FLAWS (median, 5 [interquartile range, 1] [no doubt for diagnosis] vs 4 [interquartile range, 1] [high confidence]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Imaging with CS-FLAWS provides an improved cervical spinal cord exploration for MS with increased self-confidence compared with conventional T2-weighted imaging, in a clinically acceptable time.
A CNN model for predicting binding affinity changes between SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD variants and ACE2 homologues
Authors: Chen Chen , Boorla Veda Sheersh , Chowdhury Ratul , Nissly Ruth H. , Gontu Abhinay , Chothe Shubhada K. , LaBella Lindsey , Jakka Padmaja , Ramasamy Santhamani , Vandegrift Kurt J. , Nair Meera Surendran , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Maranas Costas D. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) involves the association of its receptor binding domain (RBD) with human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as the first crucial step. Efficient and reliable prediction of RBD-hACE2 binding affinity changes upon amino acid substitutions can be valuable for public health surveillance and monitoring potential spillover and adaptation into non-human species. Here, we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on protein sequence and structural features to predict experimental RBD-hACE2 binding affinities of 8,440 variants upon single and multiple amino acid substitutions in the RBD or ACE2. The model achieves a classification accuracy of 83.28% and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85 between predicted and experimentally calculated binding affinities in five-fold cross-validation tests and predicts improved binding affinity for most circulating variants. We pro-actively used the CNN model to exhaustively screen for novel RBD variants with combinations of up to four single amino acid substitutions and suggested candidates with the highest improvements in RBD-ACE2 binding affinity for human and animal ACE2 receptors. We found that the binding affinity of RBD variants against animal ACE2s follows similar trends as those against human ACE2. White-tailed deer ACE2 binds to RBD almost as tightly as human ACE2 while cattle, pig, and chicken ACE2s bind weakly. The model allows testing whether adaptation of the virus for increased binding with other animals would cause concomitant increases in binding with hACE2 or decreased fitness due to adaptation to other hosts.
Assessing and ranking international markets based on stringency of food safety measures: application of fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method
Authors: Yadav Dipali , Dutta Gautam , Saha Kuntal 
Published: March 2022

PurposeImplementing food safety measures (FSMs) have become a prerequisite for food firms looking to export internationally. Many exporters find it difficult to comply with multiple regulations, and their consignments are often rejected at borders due to food safety concerns. Hence, harmonization in food safety standards is arguably the most contentious topic regarding the export market since it affects international trade. Accordingly, the paper uses the case of Indian seafood exporters to identify key FSMs, investigate stringency associated with them and rank international markets based on degree of stringency for selected FSMs.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors identify the key FSMs by using the Delphi method. Then, the authors apply the Fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) method to calculate weights of the FSMs as criteria. Lastly, the authors apply the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach to rank markets. To compute fuzzy TOPSIS, weights are derived from fuzzy AHP.FindingsThis study’s findings suggest that product and process standards, traceability requirements and tolerance limits for residues are the most stringent FSMs, among others. Besides, the overall ranking of markets reveal that the European Union (EU), the USA and Japan ranked lowest and perceived to have the most stringent food safety requirements.Originality/valueThe paper offers guidance to firms and policymakers to manage their efforts and resources during food safety implementation by focussing on critical FSMs. Researchers will get insights about FSMs for further empirical investigation. To the authors’ knowledge, no study examined the stringency associated with various FSMs in the seafood industry.