bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development and roll-out of a new hydrocoele surgery facility assessment tool for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Martindale Sarah , Mableson Hayley , Bodimeade Christopher , Hume Hannah , Badia-Rius Xavier , Karim Jahirul , Mahmood A S M Sultan , Chiphwanya John , Rimal Pradip , Boko-Collins Pelagie , Bougma Roland , Agyemang David , Alomatu Bright , Cisse Abdourahim , Bathiri Salissou Adamou , Shu'aibu Joy , Betts Hannah , Kelly-Hope Louise A , Riches Nick 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A hydrocoele surgery facility assessment tool (HSFAT) was developed to assess the readiness of hydrocoele surgery services in health facilities prior to implementation of hydrocoele surgical campaigns for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF). A first version of the tool was piloted in Bangladesh, Malawi and Nepal in 2019, then, following feedback from country programme managers, a second version of the tool was rolled out across countries implementing hydrocoele surgery in the Accelerating the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases (Ascend) West and Central Africa Programme, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Niger and Nigeria. The HSFAT assessed facilities across 10 domains: background information, essential amenities, emergency patient transfer, laboratory capacity, surgical procedures and trained staff, infection prevention, non-disposable basic equipment, disposable basic equipment, essential medicines and current hydrocoele practices. The HSFAT results highlight key areas for improvement in different countries and can be used to develop a quality improvement plan, which may include actions with agreed deadlines to improve the readiness and quality of hydrocoele surgery services provided by the health facility, prior to implementation of surgical campaigns and assist country programmes to achieve the dossier requirements set out by the World Health Organization for the elimination of LF.
Can you Hear the Colour? Designing Virtual Worlds for Synaesthetic and Multimodal Experiences
Authors: Wright Victoria , Kefalidou Genovefa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Synaesthesia is a phenomenon where sensory ‘fusion’ occurs resulting in, for example, ‘seeing’ music or ‘hearing’ colours, making it of great interest in human–computer interaction for creating new or enhanced experiences and interactions in virtual worlds. In virtual reality, research has mainly focused on evaluating advanced graphics and capturing immersion levels and user experience within ‘typical’ and ‘expected’ interactions. This paper investigates how multimodal design characteristics can lay the foundations to a more ‘synaesthetic’ design approach in mixed reality to identify how ‘atypical’ interactions can also affect user experience. Twenty participants completed a maze activity, emotion and immersion surveys and interviews. Analysis on expressed sentiments and correlations suggest that space, timing and user location qualitatively interplay in determining these. Design approaches need to take into consideration a more holistic design model to enrich mixed reality with ‘fused’ user experience accounting for space, time, artefacts, location, physicality, virtuality, cognition and sentiments.
Exploring barriers to guideline implementation for prescription of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Nigeria
Authors: Wood Caroline E. , Luedtke Susanne , Musah Anwar , Bammeke Funmi , Mutiu Bamidele , Ojewola Rufus , Bankole Olufemi , Ademuyiwa Adesoji Oludotun , Ekumankama Chibuzo Barbara , Ogunsola Folasade , Okonji Patrick , Kpokiri Eneyi E. , Ayibanoah Theophilus , Aworabhi-Oki Neni , Shallcross Laura , Molnar Andreea , Wiseman Sue , Hayward Andrew , Soriano Delphine , Birjovanu Georgiana , Lefevre Carmen , Olufemi Olajumoke , Kostkova Patty 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
In Nigeria, the prescription of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infection tends to be driven by local policy rather than by published guidelines (e.g. WHO and Sanford).

Objectives
To triangulate three datasets and understand key barriers to implementation using a behavioural science framework.

Methods
Surgeons (N = 94) from three teaching hospitals in Nigeria participated in an online survey and in focus group discussions about barriers to implementation. The theoretical domains framework (TDF) was used to structure question items and interview schedules. A subgroup (N = 20) piloted a gamified decision support app over the course of 6 months and reported barriers at the point of care.

Results
Knowledge of guidelines and intention to implement them in practice was high. Key barriers to implementation were related to environmental context and resources and concern over potential consequences of implementing recommendations within the Nigerian context applicable for similar settings in low-to-middle-income countries.

Conclusions
The environmental context and limited resource setting of Nigerian hospitals currently presents a significant barrier to implementation of WHO and Sanford guidelines. Research and data collected from the local context must directly inform the writing of future international guidelines to increase rates of implementation.
The economic case against licensing negotiation groups in the Internet of Things
Authors: Barnett Jonathan M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Competition policy generally prohibits coordination among buyers or sellers, especially coordination on price, price-related inputs, and output. In licensing markets for standard-essential patents (SEPs), it has been periodically proposed that this rule should be relaxed to permit licensing negotiation groups (LNGs), which is expected to reduce transaction costs and the purportedly ‘excessive’ royalties paid to licensors. Based on the economic structure and historical performance of wireless technology markets, this policy intervention is likely to degrade, rather than enhance, competitive conditions in the wireless, automotive, and other markets encompassed by the ‘Internet of Things’. In the short term, LNGs would most likely result in a redistributive (not an efficiency) effect that shifts value from innovators to implementers in the technology supply chain without necessarily passing on cost-savings to consumers. In the medium to longer term, LNGs are liable to impose efficiency losses by endangering the viability of licensing-based monetization models that have funded research and development, promoted dissemination of technology inputs, facilitated entry in device production, and enabled business models across multiple industries. While LNGs may reduce the transaction costs of SEP licensing, the historical record shows that pooling structures can achieve the same objective at a substantially lower risk of competitive harm.
Correlation between Thrombin Generation, Standard Coagulation Assays, and Viscoelastic Assays for Hemostatic Assessment in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Thomas Kimberly A , Shea Susan M , Saini Arun , Muszynski Jennifer A , Spinella Philip C 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate assessment of hemostatic function is essential to guide care in critically ill children with acute and acquired coagulopathies. Thrombin generation (TG) provides a global assessment of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors and is commonly used in hemostasis research laboratories. Our objective was to determine the correlation of clinically available hemostasis assays with TG in critically ill children.MethodsChildren (&lt;18 years old, &gt;3 kg in weight) in the intensive care unit were enrolled from March 2016 to December 2019 in a prospective 2-center study. Coagulation tests were prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin time, anti-Xa assay, viscoelastic assays (thromboelastography [TEG], rotational thromboelastometry [ROTEM]), and TG (induced by 20 pM tissue factor in platelet poor plasma and reported as endogenous thrombin potential [ETP; nM*min]). Data are reported as median (interquartile range) or Spearman coefficient (ρ).ResultsPatients (n = 106, age 10.2 years [3.8–15.3]) were divided into 3 groups: (a) no anticoagulation (n = 46), (b) anticoagulation (unfractionated heparin) without extracorporeal life support (n = 34), or (c) with extracorporeal life support (n = 26). ETP was decreased in anticoagulated compared to non-anticoagulated patients (group 1: 902.4 [560.8–1234], group 2: 315.6 [0.0–962.2], group 3: 258.5 [0.0–716.6]; P &lt; 0.0001). Across all patients, ETP correlated best with TEG kinetic time (TEG-K), in min (ρ = −0.639), followed by TEG reaction time, in min (ρ = −0.596). By group, ETP correlated best with international normalized ratio for group 1 (ρ = −0.469), TEG-K time for group 2 (ρ = −0.640), and anti-Xa for group 3 (ρ = −0.793).ConclusionsStandard and viscoelastic assays have varying correlation with TG in critically ill children. TEG-K time had the most consistent moderate correlation with ETP across all groups.
Harmonizing units and values of quantitative data elements in a very large nationally pooled electronic health record (EHR) dataset
Authors: Bradwell Katie R , Wooldridge Jacob T , Amor Benjamin , Bennett Tellen D , Anand Adit , Bremer Carolyn , Yoo Yun Jae , Qian Zhenglong , Johnson Steven G , Pfaff Emily R , Girvin Andrew T , Manna Amin , Niehaus Emily A , Hong Stephanie S , Zhang Xiaohan Tanner , Zhu Richard L , Bissell Mark , Qureshi Nabeel , Saltz Joel , Haendel Melissa A , Chute Christopher G , Lehmann Harold P , Moffitt Richard A ,   the N3C Consortium
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
The goals of this study were to harmonize data from electronic health records (EHRs) into common units, and impute units that were missing.

Materials and Methods
The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) table of laboratory measurement data—over 3.1 billion patient records and over 19 000 unique measurement concepts in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common-data-model format from 55 data partners. We grouped ontologically similar OMOP concepts together for 52 variables relevant to COVID-19 research, and developed a unit-harmonization pipeline comprised of (1) selecting a canonical unit for each measurement variable, (2) arriving at a formula for conversion, (3) obtaining clinical review of each formula, (4) applying the formula to convert data values in each unit into the target canonical unit, and (5) removing any harmonized value that fell outside of accepted value ranges for the variable. For data with missing units for all the results within a lab test for a data partner, we compared values with pooled values of all data partners, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

Results
Of the concepts without missing values, we harmonized 88.1% of the values, and imputed units for 78.2% of records where units were absent (41% of contributors’ records lacked units).

Discussion
The harmonization and inference methods developed herein can serve as a resource for initiatives aiming to extract insight from heterogeneous EHR collections. Unique properties of centralized data are harnessed to enable unit inference.

Conclusion
The pipeline we developed for the pooled N3C data enables use of measurements that would otherwise be unavailable for analysis.
Comparing the dynamics of agonistic interactions between the native crayfish Faxonius erichsonianus Faxon, 1898 and the invasive F. virilis Hagen, 1870 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: Rocco Alex J , Wofford-Mares Sarah J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alabama is a hotspot for aquatic biodiversity in North America, but that biodiversity is currently jeopardized by anthropogenic influence and invasive species. Alabama holds nearly a quarter of North America’s crayfish species, but recent introduction of invasive crayfishes poses a threat to crayfish biodiversity in the region. Previous studies suggest higher basal aggression in invasive species allows them to outcompete native species by more efficiently seizing and holding resources. Faxonius virilis (Hagen, 1870) is an invasive crayfish currently spreading throughout Alabama. Our aim was to determine if differences in basal aggression exist between an Alabama native, Faxonius erichsonianus (Faxon, 1898), and the invasive F. virilis. Individuals were used in size-matched dyadic fight trials housed in a specialized arena. Three treatment groups were used to compare basal aggression differences: native versus native, invasive versus invasive, and interspecific. Videos of fight trials were reviewed, and duration and intensity of fights were recorded using a previously established ethogram. Contest duration between individuals was compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests with a Wilcoxon post-hoc. Analyses showed the invasive control treatment was significantly (P = 0.041) shorter than both the native control and interspecific treatments; however, interspecific trials had higher intensity contests than either control treatment. These results did not show that the invasive F. virilis are more aggressive than F. erichsonianus, suggesting that a closer look is necessary to determine the factors affecting the invasion success of F. virilis. The F. virilis invasion may be attributed to other factors like fecundity or growth.
Doctrines of the Self-Defence on the High Seas under Law of the Sea
Authors: Ishii Yurika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article assesses the current legal status of the doctrine of self-defence on the high seas in light of its theoretical and historical development. It examines the parameters of the self-defence doctrine when the intervention against a foreign vessel does not violate the Charter of the United Nations (the UN Charter) Article 2(4), and the situation does not trigger Article 51 because there is no armed attack. It traces the development of the doctrines from the mid-19th century to the UN Charter and the First Conference on the United Nations on the Law of the Sea of 1958. It points out that the normative significance of the flag state principle and the grounds of the shipping interception on the high seas were inconsistent. It explores the various basis of maritime interdiction and the scholarly arguments that denied such measures in light of the freedom of the high seas. Then, it examines the codification process of the Convention on the High Seas and Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. The research shows that the Caroline Test is consistent with the principle of the freedom of the high seas. The development after the UN Charter did not alter this standard both in the context of the measures against vessels supporting domestic insurgents and the anti-terrorism maritime interdiction.
Efficiency of a Novel Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Trap for Trapping Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Paddy Rice Storehouses
Authors: Yao Me-Chi , Lee Chi-Yang , Chiu Hsiang-Wen , Feng Wen-Bin , Yang En-Cheng , Lu Kuang-Hui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica is the major pest of stored paddy rice globally, including in Taiwan. It has strong phototaxis and is good at flying, suitable for developing a light-trapping method to monitor and control it. In the present study, a wavelength of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), i.e., 373 nm, was determined to be the most efficient to trap R. dominica using a dodecagon maze. Accordingly, an LED trap, named the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute-LED (TARI-LED) trap, was invented, which comprised LEDs of two distinct wavelengths (373 and 408 nm), a wavelength switch, a suction fan, and an insect collector. The trapping efficiency was assessed in a 4-m3 laboratory arena and two paddy rice storehouses. An initial assessment was performed in the laboratory arena and showed that the TARI-LED trap with 373-nm wavelength for R. dominica rapidly increased in the first 30 min, reaching the highest trapping rate (68.5%) after 3 h. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the suction fan turned on or off. The field tests showed that the 373-nm wavelength had the highest effectiveness for trapping R. dominica in the two paddy rice storehouses, and no significant difference was observed in the number of R. dominica trapped by the 373-nm TARI-LED trap or the CDC-UV light trap. In conclusion, our TARI-LED trap 373 nm exhibited high efficiency in trapping R. dominica in paddy rice storehouses. Moreover, a suction fan-free design should benefit long-term and safe use in paddy rice storehouses trapping R. dominica.
What Defines a Host? Oviposition Behavior and Larval Performance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Five Putative Host Plants
Authors: Volp Trevor M , Zalucki Myron P , Furlong Michael J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
When an invasive species first breaches quarantine and establishes in yet another country, it invariably causes consternation for growers, in part because of incomplete understanding of the plants that are at risk. The Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is the most recent example in Australia. The number of plants that this polyphagous noctuid is reported to attack is vast, including many crop species. Consequently, initial reactions from grower industry groups that perceived themselves at risk were to demand emergency use of insecticides. Yet the field evidence suggests that many crops might not be at risk and since S. frugiperda arrived in Australia, maize crops have suffered most damage, followed by sorghum. We question the accuracy of some of the claims of reported host plants of S. frugiperda and report experiments that compared oviposition behavior, neonate silking behavior, and larval performance on five crops: the known hosts maize and sorghum, and the putative hosts cotton, peanut, and pigeon pea. Maize ranked highest in all preference and performance measures, followed by sorghum and peanut, with pigeon pea and cotton ranking lowest. Although S. frugiperda can survive, develop, and pupate on the crop species we examined, cotton and pigeon pea are not preferred by the pest in either the larval or adult stages. We suggest that before a plant is listed as a host for a given insect that the evidence should be fully reported and carefully evaluated. Collecting an immature insect from a plant does not make that plant a host!
Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Feeding Behavior is Largely Unchanged by Soybean Mosaic Virus but Significantly Altered by the Beetle-Transmitted Bean Pod Mottle Virus
Authors: Todd Jane C , Stewart Lucy R , Redinbaugh Margaret G , Wilson Jennifer R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is an economically important invasive pest of soybean. In addition to damage caused by soybean aphid feeding on the phloem sap, this insect also transmits many plant viruses, including soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Previous work has shown that plant viruses can change plant host phenotypes to alter the behavior of their insect vectors to promote virus spread, known as the vector manipulation hypothesis. In this study, we used electropenetography (EPG) to examine the effects of two plant viruses on soybean aphid feeding behavior: SMV, which is transmitted by many aphid species including the soybean aphid, and bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), which is transmitted by chrysomelid and some coccinellid beetles but not aphids. These two viruses often co-occur in soybean production and can act synergistically. Surprisingly, our results showed little to no effect of SMV on soybean aphid feeding behaviors measured by EPG, but profound differences were observed in aphids feeding on BPMV-infected plants. Aphids took longer to find the vascular bundle of BPMV-infected plants, and once found, spent more time entering and conditioning the phloem than ingesting phloem sap. Interestingly, these observed alterations are similar to those of aphids feeding on insect-resistant soybean plants. The cause of these changes in feeding behavior is not known, and how they impact virus transmission and soybean aphid populations in the field will require further study.
Measuring Plant Attractiveness to Pollinators: Methods and Considerations
Authors: Erickson E , Grozinger C M , Patch H M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Global pollinator declines have fostered increased public interest in creating pollinator-friendly gardens in human-managed landscapes. Indeed, studies on urban pollinator communities suggest that flower-rich greenspaces can serve as promising sites for conservation. Ornamental flowers, which are readily available at most commercial garden centers, are ubiquitous in these landscapes. These varieties are often non-native and highly bred, and their utility to pollinators is complex. In this study, we used observational data and citizen science to develop a methods framework that will assist stakeholders in the floriculture industry to incorporate metrics of pollinator health into existing breeding and evaluation protocols. The results of this study support how plant attractiveness to pollinators is often dependent on variables such as climate and plant phenology, which should be considered when developing an assessment tool. Furthermore, we found that some cultivars were consistently attractive across all observations while for other cultivars, pollinator visitation was apparently conditional. We determine using multiple statistical tests that 10 min is a sufficient length of time for observation of most plant types to broadly estimate three measures of plant attractiveness: visitor abundance, primary visitors attracted, and cultivar rank attractiveness, without sacrificing efficiency or accuracy. Additionally, we demonstrate that properly trained non-expert observers can collect accurate observational data, and our results suggest that protocols may be designed to maximize consistency across diverse data collectors.
Performance of Pyrethroid-Neonicotinoid Mixture Formulations Against Field-Collected Strains of the Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) on Different Substrates
Authors: Dang Kai , Doggett Stephen L , Lee Chow-Yang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe residual performance of two pyrethroid-neonicotinoid mixture formulations: Temprid SC (10.5% beta-cyfluthrin and 21% imidacloprid) and Tandem (3.5% lambda-cyhalothrin and 11.6% thiamethoxam) on two substrates (glass and filter paper) against eight pyrethroid-resistant strains (BM-MY, BP-MY, CH-MY, GL-MY, KL-MY, SAJ-MY, TT-MY, and QLD-AU) of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) collected from Malaysia, and Australia were evaluated. The aging effect of treatment residues on glass was also investigated. A susceptible C. lectularius L. strain (Monheim) was used for comparison. Temprid SC showed varying levels of performance against all C. hemipterus strains: TT-MY (PR50 = 6.5-fold, high performance), BM-MY, GL-MY, SAJ-MY, and QLD-AU (12.8–21.6-fold, moderate performance), BP-MY, and KL-MY (48.2–49-fold, poor performance), CH-MY (128.2-fold, very poor performance). On the other hand, Tandem displayed high performance against all C. hemipterus strains (1.8–8.3-fold). Tandem caused faster mortality than Temprid SC for all strains. Temprid SC and Tandem residues killed C. hemipterus significantly faster on glass than filter paper. Compared with fresh residues, the efficacy of Temprid SC residues significantly declined after one week of aging, while the effectiveness of Tandem residues declined after two weeks of aging. Further investigations using the topical assay method with a diagnostic dose of imidacloprid found two strains (CH-MY and GL-MY) resistant to imidacloprid. The six other strains (BM-MY, BP-MY, KL-MY, SAJ-MY, TT-MY, and QLD-AU) were susceptible.