bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of immune system in patients with transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassemia in Rasoul‐e‐Akram Hospital in 2021: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ehsanipour Fahime , Faranoush Pooya , Foroughi‐Gilvaee Mohammad Reza , Sadighnia Negin , Fallahpour Morteza , Motamedi Mona , Zandi Afsoon , Safaei Zahra , Zandi Ashkan , Faranoush Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsThalassemia syndromes are the most common hemoglobinopathy globally related to blood transfusion and iron overload in the body. Splenectomy, excessive iron overload, and repeated exposure to antigens in blood transfusions can cause severe damage to the patient's immune system making the patient prone to frequent infection. This study evaluates the immune system status and infection rate in beta‐thalassemia major patients receiving iron chelators.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was performed in Rasoul‐e‐Akram Hospital on patients with a beta‐thalassemia major who had iron overload due to frequent blood transfusions. The percentage of lymphocyte markers was determined by flow cytometry. Serum levels of immunoglobin were measured by nephelometric assay. Also, Nitro blue tetrazolium and dihydrorhodamine assays were used to evaluate the phagocytic function.ResultsOf the 106 patients participating in this study, 59 (55.7%) and 47 (44.3%) are male and female, respectively. The mean age ± SD of participants was 24.7 ± 12.1 years with 4 to 55 years. There was no significant correlation between sex, the C3 and C4 complements, the lymphocyte markers, and the immunoglobulin levels. Furthermore, all of these variables increased significantly over 30 (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between splenectomy and IgG immunoglobulin (p < 0.001) and CD16 (p = 0.005) lymphocyte marker.ConclusionIron chelator agents effectively improve patients' immune system with thalassemia major. The increase in IgG and IgM immunoglobulins levels is due to frequent blood transfusions, which stimulate the immune system.
Kidney stones among Iranian adults: Prevalence and socioeconomic inequality assessment in a cohort‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zahirian Moghadam Telma , Pourfarzi Farhad , Mohseni Rad Hamed , Zandian Hamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsKidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys. The worldwide prevalence of kidney stones could be affected by numerous differences in socioeconomic, and environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate kidney stones among Iranian adults aged between 35 and 70 years and the prevalence and evaluation of socioeconomic inequalities.MethodsIn this, a cohort‐based cross‐sectional study was carried out among 20,427 participants of ArNCDs aged 35 and 70 years old. Kidney stone was defined as a dependent (and binary) variable while demographic and socioeconomic factors were considered independent variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the key socioeconomic factors affecting kidney stone prevalence in Ardabil.ResultsThe overall prevalence of kidney stones was 17.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.1–19.2) out of which 21.53% and 14.36% pertained to men and women and 14.18% and 23.17% pertained to the poorest and richest groups, respectively. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of kidney stones between men and women in terms of age, marital status, education level, chronic disease, body mass index, and socioeconomic status (<0.001). The prevalence of kidney stones had a positive correlation with age (1.7, 95% [CI]: 1.42–2.04) and socioeconomic status (1.5, 95% [CI]: 1.34–1.69), where the odds of kidney stones increased significantly by increasing age and socioeconomic status. Moreover, the kidney stone concentration index showed a pro‐rich distribution wherein it was more common among wealthy people (higher socioeconomic status) 0.062 (95% [CI]: 0.051–0.072).ConclusionThe results of this study showed that there is significant inequality in the prevalence of kidney stones, where it was more common among the richest people. In addition, being men and old age are significantly related to kidney stones, so policymakers and physicians should consider these factors.
Vapor bubble dynamics and heat transfer characteristics over the spherical surface during saturated pool boiling
Authors: Kushwaha Naveen , Sasmito Agus P. , Kumar Vimal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe present study deals with numerical investigations of the boiling phenomena over a spherical surface at different degrees of superheat (ΔT), varying from 10 to 500 K. Various phenomena like vapor sliding, bubble formation, pinch‐off, induced vorticity have been illustrated for a deep understanding of the boiling process over a spherical surface. The effect of the degree of superheat on the bubble pinch‐off time and volume is also investigated. Further, reported the spatial observation of vapor sliding and retention over the surface with time scale, overall and average characteristics. The fast Fourier transform of a spaced average void fraction of liquid and Nusselt number showed the dominance of film boiling with respect to the degree of superheat. As the degree of superheat increases, the vapor generation rate also increases, which produces a more vapor–liquid interface. Further, with an increase in the degree of superheat, the vapor generation progression shifted from linear to nonlinear patterns. A sphere with ΔT = 500 K generated 32.59 times more vapor than a sphere with ΔT = 10 K. It is found that the vapor generation is dependent on the degree of superheating and exposed time for heating. Thus, a correlation and artificial neural network model have been developed to predict vapor generation during boiling over the spherical surface as a function of time and degree of superheat.
Application of environmental magnetism to estimate source contribution by lithology to Kruger National Park reservoirs
Authors: Miller Jordan K. , Rowntree Kate. M. , Foster Ian D. L. , Reinwarth Bastian , Baade Jussi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSediment source fingerprinting using environmental magnetism has successfully differentiated between sediment sources in several studies in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The method was applied in this study to the near‐natural landscape of southern Kruger National Park (Mpumalanga Province) to trace sediment and determine sediment yields by lithology in four reservoir catchments that were underlain by igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The Park area has no history of cultivation and is a conservation area, so catchment sources were dominated by underlying lithologies. One sediment core was collected in the assumed deepest area of the reservoir. Source discrimination and apportionment were estimated using a common statistical protocol that includes a Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis H test, mass conservation test, discriminant function analysis, and an (un)mixing model. A contribution from each lithology‐defined source was estimated. Sediment yield by lithology was estimated by using published catchment area‐specific sediment yields in combination with the (un)mixing model. Underlying lithology determined vegetation type and density, and vegetation appeared to play a crucial role in protecting soils and reducing erosion. Proximity to reservoir, that is, travel distance for eroded sediment, and connectivity were also important factors controlling the relative contribution from each potential source. The contributing area for sediment was found to be dynamic through time and was probably dependent on runoff and temporal variations in vegetation cover.
Knockout of NRF2 triggers prostate cancer cells death through ROS modulation and sensitizes to cisplatin
Authors: Mancini Mariana C. S. , Morelli Ana P. , Severino Matheus B. , Pavan Isadora C. B. , Zambalde Érika P. , Góis Mariana M. , Silva Luiz G. S. da , Quintero‐Ruiz Nathalia , Romeiro Caio F. , dos Santos Daniel F. G. , Bezerra Rosângela M. N. , Simabuco Fernando M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) represents the second most common cancer in men and affects millions worldwide. Chemotherapy is a common treatment for PCa but the development of resistance is often a problem during therapy. NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2) is one of the major transcription factors regulating antioxidant enzymes and is also involved with drug efflux and detoxification. Cancer cells submitted to chemotherapy often promote NRF2 activation to benefit themselves with the cytoprotective response. Here, we found that DU145 and PC3 PCa cell lines have different responses regarding NRF2 activation, when subjected to arsenite‐induced stress, even in the presence of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. We also observed that only in PC3 cells treated with arsenite, NRF2 was able to translocate to the nucleus. To better understand the role of NRF2 in promoting chemoresistance, we performed CRISPR knockout of NRF2 (NKO) in DU145 and PC3 cells. The effectiveness of the knockout was confirmed through the downregulation of NRF2 targets (p < 0.0001). PC3 NKO cells exhibited higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to wild‐type cells (p < 0.0001), while this alteration was not observed in DU145 NKO cells. Despite no modulation in ROS content, a lower IC50 value (p < 0.05) for cisplatin was observed in DU145 NKO cells, suggesting that the knockout sensitized the cells to the treatment. Besides, the treatment of DU145 NKO with cisplatin led cells to apoptosis as observed by the increased levels of PARP1 cleavage (p < 0.05), possibly triggered by increased DNA damage. Reduced levels of KU70 and phospho‐CHK2 (p < 0.05) were also detected. The data presented here support that NRF2 is a mediator of oncogenesis and could be a potential target to sensitize PCa cells to chemotherapy, reinforcing the importance of knowing the specific genetic and biochemical characteristics of the cancer cells for a more effective approach against cancer.
Solvent effects in four‐component relativistic electronic structure theory based on the reference interaction‐site model
Authors: Kanemaru Kodai , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Yoshida Norio , Nakano Haruyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA combined method of the Dirac–Hartree–Fock (DHF) method and the reference interaction‐site model (RISM) theory is reported; this is the initial implementation of the coupling of the four‐component relativistic electronic structure theory and an integral equation theory of molecular liquids. In the method, the DHF and RISM equations are solved self‐consistently, and therefore the electronic structure of the solute, including relativistic effects, and the solvation structure are determined simultaneously. The formulation is constructed based on the variational principle with respect to the Helmholtz energy, and analytic free energy gradients are also derived using the variational property. The method is applied to the iodine ion (I−), methyl iodide (CH3I), and hydrogen chalcogenide (H2X, where X = O–Po) in aqueous solutions, and the electronic structures of the solutes, as well as the solvation free energies and their component analysis, solvent distributions, and solute–solvent interactions, are discussed.
Construction of surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Yang Ye , You Qinglong , Jin Zheng , Zuo Zhiyan , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn situ measurements are the most important basis of obtaining precise meteorological datasets. However, it is difficult to accurately extrapolate the plausible meteorological field in certain regions based on in situ measurements alone, especially in areas with complex topography like the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Gridded products, remote sensing, and data assimilation technique overcome this problem but they have their own weaknesses, such as low resolution, huge computation, and time‐consuming. Here we applied the state‐of‐the‐art generative adversarial networks (GAN) in image inpainting to construct the surface temperature over the TP combined with high‐resolution China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) air temperature product and in situ observations. In this study, the surface air temperature at 2 m dataset with grids of 0.1° over the TP from 1979 to 2020 based on GAN‐based model have been generated, which can capture the spatial patterns and trends of surface air temperature over the TP. Moreover, the GAN‐based daily temperature has higher correlation coefficients (0.99) and lower root‐mean‐square errors (1.06°C) than CMFD (0.98, 1.43°C) and reanalysis products when compared with in situ observations. Finally, the temperature fields over the TP from 2019 to 2020 is constructed, whereas CMFD is only available from 1979 to 2018. The results reflect the advantages of GAN on big‐data computation and fully utilizing effective information over the TP, and GAN‐based temperature dataset can be used to detect climate change over the region. This study demonstrated the potential and applicability of artificial intelligence for developing and extending practicable high‐resolution meteorological dataset over regions with sparse stations and rugged topography.
Effect of heat and pulsed electric field treatment on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of carrots
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Zonghao , Liu Dan , Fan Jianhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarrots are widely used in home cooking and vegetable processing industries because of their high nutritional value. However, different processing methods may produce a negative impact on carrot texture and nutrition quality. Therefore, the development of better processing methods to preserve the texture and nutrition quality of carrots will be beneficial to the carrot industry.RESULTSThe effects of heat and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatments with different heat temperatures (T) and holding time (th) on comprehensive changes in thermal efficiency profiles, and physicochemical (color, hardness, cell structural damage) and nutritional (releasable β‐carotene contents) properties of carrots were studied. In addition, electrical conductivity (σ) and soluble matter contents (°Brix) were determined for the heat‐treated extracts. The value of total color difference (∆E) and cell structural damage index (Z) of carrots, σ and °Brix of extracts all increased with increasing T and th under different heat experimental conditions, whereas the value of cutting force (F) presented an opposite tendency and content of releasable β‐carotene decreased after th > 2 min at T = 100 °C.CONCLUSIONThe results show that PEF heating is beneficial in preventing changes in physicochemical and nutritional properties of carrots compared to traditional heat treatment. PEF has potential as a heating technology in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Modulate the Hepatic Molecular Clock via MicroRNAs
Authors: Manocchio Francesca , Soliz‐Rueda Jorge R. , Ribas‐Latre Aleix , Bravo Francisca Isabel , Arola‐Arnal Anna , Suarez Manuel , Muguerza Begoña 
Published: October 2022

ScopeCircadian rhythm is an endogenous and self‐sustained timing system, responsible for the coordination of daily processes in 24‐h timescale. It is regulated by an endogenous molecular clock, which is sensitive to external cues as light and food. This study has previously shown that grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) regulates the hepatic molecular clock. Moreover, GSPE is known to interact with some microRNAs (miRNAs). Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate if the activity of GSPE as modulator of hepatic clock genes can be mediated by miRNAs.Methods and results250 mg kg−1 of GSPE is administered to Wistar rats before a 6‐h jet lag and sacrificed at different time points. GSPE modulated both expression of Bmal1 and miR‐27b‐3p in the liver. Cosinor‐based analysis reveals that both Bmal1 and miR‐27b‐3p expression follow a circadian rhythm, a negative interaction between them, and the role of GSPE adjusting the hepatic peripheral clock via miRNA. Additionally, in vitro studies show that Bmal1 is sensitive to GSPE (25 mg L−1). However, this effect is independent of miR‐27b‐3p.ConclusionmiRNA regulation of peripheral clocks via GSPE may be part of a complex mechanism that involves the crosstalk with the central system rather than a direct effect.
Wideband Class‐F power amplifier design based on harmonic control analysis and bandwidth expansion structure
Authors: Zhao Hongyi , Zhang Dan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel Class‐F broadband power amplifier design method. A Class‐F power amplifier for 1.3–2.5 GHz is fabricated by step‐matching, combining a harmonic control structure and a parasitic compensation circuit. A bandwidth expansion structure is established based on microstrip lines and capacitor. The proposed structure resolves the low efficiency caused by the coincidence of the fundamental frequency band and second harmonic frequency band, which allows the power amplifier to function properly from 1.1 to 2.5 GHz. A high‐efficiency broadband power amplifier is tested to find that the saturated output power with the proposed device is between 40.1 and 41.7 dBm, the gain is from 9.3 to 14.4 dB, and the drain efficiency is 60.8%–84.2% at 1.1–2.5 GHz frequency.
The reverse design of a tunable terahertz metasurface antenna based on a deep neural network
Authors: Dao Ri‐Na , Qi Li‐Mei , Hu Kai‐Xiang , Yang Jun‐Li , Liu Zi‐Yu , Wu Li‐Qin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe reverse design of a tunable terahertz metasurface antenna is proposed based on the deep neural network (DNN). To obtain the tunable properties of the terahertz antenna, the phase‐changed material vanadium dioxide (VO2) is introduced by controlling the voltage without changing the structures of the metasurface antenna. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the terahertz antenna, the DNN is used to establish the relationship of amplitude and phase for the antenna unit. The prediction errors are below 10%. The radiation direction of the antenna can be changed from 0° to 52° by the VO2 with different states. The prediction error of angle is only 1° difference from the theoretical calculation. This reverse design method can be extended to other metasurface devices with improved efficiency and accuracy.
A four‐element 132–140 GHz PA array with 29.7 dBm EIRP in 0.13‐µm SiGe technology
Authors: Meng Fanyi , Li Jinxin , Liu Hao , Li Yihu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a 132–140 GHz power amplifier (PA) array in 0.13‐µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The four dielectric‐loaded end‐fire antennas are integrated with the PA array on chip. With the absence of the lossy power combining networks at the output, the presented PA array achieves a measured maximal effective isotropic radiated power of 29.7 dBm. The array size is only 6.14 × 2.49 mm2 and consumes 5.16 W from a single 4 V DC supply.
Slipping through the cracks: The critical role of school principals in addressing and responding to nonsuicidal self‐injury among adolescents
Authors: Perkins Natalie , De Riggi Melissa , Hasking Penelope , Heath Nancy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe responsibility of implementing nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) policy falls largely on school principals, yet few have received training regarding adolescent NSSI. Understanding principals' perceptions and roles in responding to NSSI among their students is essential to determining how best to address and reduce NSSI within school settings.MethodPrincipals and deputy principals (n = 63) completed self‐report questionnaires. Interviews were also conducted with 24 respondents.ResultsMost principals were involved in the response to student reports of NSSI; however, few had received any training on appropriate responses to NSSI. Barriers to responding effectively were a lack of training as well as resources in the community and school.ConclusionSchools may benefit from more extensive and direct training about appropriately addressing and responding to NSSI within the school setting and an NSSI‐specific policy with clearly outlined roles for principals and other school staff.
Rapid recovery of fat embolism syndrome with acute respiratory failure due to liposuction
Authors: Ding Yong Jie , Zhang Liu , Sun Xian Wen , Lin Ying Ni , Li Qing Yun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLiposuction is not a risk‐free procedure and potentially fatal complications may occur, especially liposuction‐induced fat embolism syndrome (FES). Here we report the case of a 29‐year‐old woman who developed FES suddenly during a liposuction operation in a cosmetic medical clinic. She was transferred to the hospital and achieved complete recovery within 11 days by comprehensive therapeutic strategies, including noninvasive ventilation (NIV), corticosteroids, albumin, diuretics and anticoagulation. Liposuction‐induced FES is a life‐threatening condition, which can be treated with complate recovery by comprehensive therapeutic strategies according to its pathophysiologic mechanism.
Mapping phosphorus sorption and availability in California vineyard soils using an ensemble of machine learning models
Authors: Wilson Stewart , Steenwerth Kerri , O'Geen Anthony 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpatial variability of soil P is tied to pedogenic state factors and management practices in cultivated soils. The distribution of P availability and sorption was predictively mapped in the Napa and Lodi American Viticulture Areas in California. We tested three machine learning algorithms, Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Cubist, as well as two super learner ensembles of base models, model stacking and model averaging. Pedons (n = 141) were analyzed for Olsen P and phosphorus‐sorption index (PSI), aggregated by depth weighted average (0–30 cm and 30–100 cm) and intersected with rasters of environmental predictors to model Olsen P and PSI. Base models (RF, XGB, and Cubist) performed well for PSI prediction (R2 = .68–.73), but less well for Olsen P (R2 = .46–.56). For ensembles, model averaging was selected for PSI at 0–30 cm (R2 = .77) and model stacking was selected for PSI at 30–100 cm (R2 = .74). For Olsen P, model averaging was selected for 0–30 cm (R2 = .42), and model stacking for 30–100 cm (R2 = .52). Predictions (30‐m) highlight regional trends in P‐sorption capacity and Olsen P reflective of differences in pedogenic controls on P dynamics. Predictions were strong for PSI, and less robust for Olsen P. Fe/Al‐(hydr)oxides control P sorption in weathered soils, whereas management influences Olsen P. Because the spatial variability of Fe/Al‐(hydr)oxides is tied to pedogenic state factors, P‐sorption capacity lends itself to environmental correlation mapping owing to the pedological underpinnings of digital soil mapping.