bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampus shape characterization with 3D Zernike transformation in clinical Alzheimer's disease progression
Authors: Zhu David C. , Gwo Chih‐Ying , Deng An‐Wen , Scheel Norman , Dowling Mari A. , Zhang Rong ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia among older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a transitional phase between healthy cognitive aging and dementia. Progressive brain volume reduction/atrophy, particularly of the hippocampus, is associated with the transition from normal to MCI, and then to AD. We aimed to develop methods to characterize the shape of hippocampus and explore its potential as an imaging marker to monitor clinical AD progression. We implemented a 3D Zernike transformation to characterize the shape changes of hippocampus in 428 older subjects with high‐quality T1‐weighted volumetric brain scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set (151 normal, 258 MCI, and 19 AD). Over 2 years, 15 cognitively normal subjects converted to MCI, and 42 subjects with MCI converted to AD. We found a significant correlation between hippocampal volume changes and Zernike shape metrics. Before a clinical diagnosis of AD, the shapes of the left and right hippocampi changed slowly. After AD diagnosis, both volume and shape changed rapidly but were uncorrelated to each other. During the transition from a clinical diagnosis of MCI to AD, the shape of the left and right hippocampi changed in a correlated manner but became uncorrelated after AD diagnosis. Finally, the pace of hippocampus shape change was associated with its shape and the subject's age and disease condition. In conclusion, the hippocampus shape features characterized with 3D Zernike transformation, in complement to volume measures, may serve as a novel imaging marker to monitor clinical AD progression.
Depression and anxiety during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in two large, prospective, aging cohorts in rural and urban India
Authors: Sundarakumar Jonas S. , Menesgere Abhishek L. , Hameed Shafeeq K. S. ,   SANSCOG & TLSA Study Teams, Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a wide variety of adverse consequences, including disruption of long‐term, human research studies globally. Two long‐term, prospective, aging cohort studies, namely, Srinivaspura Aging, Neurosenescence and COGnition (SANSCOG) study and Tata Longitudinal Study of Aging (TLSA), conducted in rural and urban India, respectively, had to be suspended during first and second waves of COVID‐19.MethodsWe conducted telephonic assessments to screen for depression and anxiety in the above two cohorts comprising of adults ≥45 years, during the first wave (2020) and second wave (2021) lockdown periods in India. Further, we included depression assessments data from two additional time periods—pre‐COVID (2019) and the “inter‐wave” period (between the first and second waves) to compare proportions of depression in these cohorts, during four distinct time periods—(i) pre‐COVID, (ii) COVID first wave lockdown, (iii) inter‐wave period, and (iv) COVID second wave lockdown (rural: 684, 733, 458, 611 and urban: 317, 297, 204, 305 respectively).ResultsDuring COVID first wave, 28.8% and 5.5% had depression and anxiety, respectively in the rural cohort. Corresponding figures in the urban cohort were 6.5% and 1.7%. During second wave, 28.8% of rural subjects had depression and 3.9% had anxiety, whereas corresponding figures in urban subjects were 13.1% and 0.66%. During the above‐mentioned four time periods, proportions of depression were: rural—8.3%, 28.8%, 16.6%, 28.8%; urban—12%, 6.1%, 8.8%, 13.1%.ConclusionsMulti‐fold increase in depression among aging, rural Indians during first and second waves, with high depression among subjects ≥65 years and those with comorbidities during the first wave, is concerning. Urgent public health measures are needed to address this added mental health burden and thereby, prevent further potential adverse consequences.
Outlining the features of nanoparticle diameter and solid–liquid interfacial layer and Hall current effect on a nanofluid flow configured by a slippery bent surface
Authors: Giri Shib Sankar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA study was executed to explore the flow characteristics of an electrically conducted, magnetized nanofluid across a curved stretching surface. This flow is accomplished in water‐based nanofluid escorting Aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The novelty of the work is primarily to capture the consequence of solid–liquid interfacial layer and diameter of Aluminum oxide nanoparticles on flow mechanism. Second, the significance of Hall‐current, nonlinear thermal radiation, and velocity slip of second order are engaged in flow and also assume that heat transmission of the flow is attained through convection. The foremost mathematical equations are reformed into dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations through similarity performance. Then, the subsequent equations are resolved by engaging RK‐4 based shooting procedure. Inspiration of stimulating flow elements is achieved accurately through various graphs and tables. Some streamline plots and surface plots are provided to enrich the results section. Temperature circulation enhances for curvature factor and thermal biot number whereas the opposite consequences are perceived when the diameter of the nano‐sized particles enhances. Here, numerical consequences confirm that the utmost rate of heat transport is enriched by 82.79% and 78.28%, respectively, in appearance and nonappearance of radiative heat flux in the flow.
Long‐term use and risk of major adverse cardiac events: Comparing enzalutamide and abiraterone in chemotherapy‐naïve patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Hung‐Kai , Su Po‐Jung , Wang Yan‐Lin , Chang Kai‐Cheng , Su Yu‐Li , Chang Pei‐Hung , Kuan Feng‐Che , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Kuo Yung‐Chia , Sheng Ting‐Wen , Chang Ching‐Fu , Yu Shao‐Ming , Huang Wen‐Kuan , Lin Yung‐Chang , Tsan Din‐Li , Yu Kai‐Jie , Lin Po‐Hung , Chen Hui‐Yu , Chang Ying‐Hsu , Pang See‐Tong , Chuang Cheng‐Keng , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is a retrospective cohort study by analyzing a multi‐institutional electronic medical records database in Taiwan to compare long‐term effectiveness and risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in chemotherapy‐naïve metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with enzalutamide (ENZ) or abiraterone (AA). Patients aged 20 years and older and newly receiving androgen receptor targeted therapies ENZ or AA from September 2016 to December 2019 were included. We followed patients from initiation of therapies to the occurrence of outcomes (prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response rate, PSA progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and MACE), death, the last clinical visit, or December 31, 2020. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to compare ENZ and AA groups for the measured outcomes. A total of 363 patients treated with either ENZ (n = 157) or AA (n = 206) were identified. The analysis found a significantly higher proportion of patients with a PSA response rate higher than 50% among those receiving ENZ than among those receiving AA (ENZ vs AA: 75.80% vs 63.59%, P = .01). However, there was no significant difference in PSA PFS (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.86; 95% CI 0.63‐1.17) and OS (0.68: 0.41‐1.14) between the use of ENZ and AA in chemotherapy‐naïve mCRPC patients. Regarding the cardiovascular (CV) safety outcome, there was a significantly lower risk of MACE in patients receiving ENZ, compared to patients receiving AA (0.20: 0.07‐0.55). The findings suggest that enzalutamide may be more efficacious for PSA response and suitable for chemotherapy‐naïve mCRPC patients with high CV risk profile.
Cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation is enhanced in primary sclerosing cholangitis: A role for IL‐17A
Authors: Lieshout Ruby , Kamp Eline J. C. A. , Verstegen Monique M. A. , Doukas Michail , Dinjens Winand N. M. , Köten Kübra , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Bruno Marco J. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , van der Laan Luc J. W. , de Vries Annemarie C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the biliary tree and a risk factor for development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The pathogenesis of PSC‐related CCA is largely unclear, although it is assumed that chronic inflammatory environment plays a pivotal role. We aimed to investigate the effect of inflammation‐related cytokines in PSC on the proliferation rate of cancer cells. For this, the proliferation index in PSC‐CCA and sporadic CCA was determined by Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry. The percentage of Ki‐67 positivity in cancer cells was significantly higher in PSC‐CCA than in sporadic CCA (41.3% ± 5.7% vs 25.8% ± 4.1%; P = .038). To assess which cytokines in the inflammatory environment have the potential to stimulate cancer cell proliferation, patient‐derived CCA organoids (CCAOs) were exposed to five cytokines related to PSC (Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17A, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha). Only IL‐17A showed a significant stimulatory effect on cell proliferation in CCAOs, increasing organoid size by 45.9% ± 16.4% (P < .01) and proliferation rate by 38% ± 16% (P < .05). IL‐17A immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PSC‐CCA might express more IL‐17A than sporadic CCA. Moreover, correlation analysis in sporadic CCA and PSC‐CCA found a significant correlation between IL‐17A expression and proliferation. In conclusion, tumor cell proliferation is increased in PSC‐CCA cells compared with sporadic CCA cells. IL‐17A increases CCA cell proliferation in vitro and may contribute to the high proliferation rate in PSC‐CCA in situ. Therefore, IL‐17A represents a new potential therapeutic target in (PSC‐)CCA, to be tested in future trials.
Target enzymes in serine‐glycine‐one‐carbon metabolic pathway for cancer therapy
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhao Erhu , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer cells selectively take up exogenous serine or synthesize serine via the serine synthesis pathway for conversion into intracellular glycine and one‐carbon units for nucleotide biosynthesis. In this process, serine‐glycine metabolism and the one‐carbon cycle play vital roles, which is named serine‐glycine‐one‐carbon metabolism (SGOC). The SGOC pathway is a metabolic network crucial for tumorigenesis with unexpected complexity and clinical importance. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that metabolic enzymes in SGOC metabolism play key roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis and resistance to therapies. In this review, we focus on the involvement of serine and glycine in the folate‐mediated one‐carbon pathway during cancer progression and highlight the pathways through which cancer cells acquire and use one‐carbon units. In addition, we discuss the recently elucidated effects of SGOC (folate cycle) metabolic enzymes in the occurrence and development of tumors and their links to drug resistance. Inhibitors of target enzymes in the SGOC pathway display promise as investigational new drug candidates for the treatment of tumors.
Screening method and mechanism of ionic liquid as extractant in fuel extraction desulfurization process
Authors: Chen Yuhuan , Sang Weihe , Li Hongjuan , Yao Guangyuan , Li Hao , Fang Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the production of ultra‐low sulfur fuels, the use of extraction processes to remove sulfides from the fuel has various advantages. The selection of a suitable extractant is key to the extraction process. Ionic liquids (ILs) are known as green solvents and are designable, but there is a wide variety. In this study, an IL screening method was developed based on a conductor‐like screening model‐segment activity coefficient (COSMO‐SAC) model and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. In addition, the feasibility of the method was verified by fuel extraction desulfurization experiments. Finally, the separation mechanism was explored through intermolecular interactions.ResultsIn this study, suitable extractants were screened from 2400 ILs with 24 anions and 100 cation combinations. Based on the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, five ILs were selected; 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([HMIM][PF6]) was selected as the extractant and the single desulfurization rate could reach 72.74%. After four desulphurization experiments, the sulfur content in the model oil decreased from 1200 to 6.98 μg/g. The interaction energy difference between [HMIM][PF6] + BT and [HMIM][PF6] + OC (ΔE = ‐12.8662 kJ·mol−1) is higher than those of the other four extractants.ConclusionThe feasibility of the screened method was verified by the extraction desulfurization experiment. [HMIM][PF6] was selected as the most suitable extractant. Furthermore, by analyzing the weak interaction between ILs and benzothiophene (BT) and n‐octane (OC), it was found that weak hydrogen bonds (HBs) and π–π interactions between [HMIM][PF6] and BT play important roles in the extraction process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Daoism, Novelty, and Usefulness: A Philosophical Exploration of Creativity
Authors: Tan Charlene 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper elucidates a Daoist perspective of creativity by focusing on novelty and usefulness. Drawing on the thought of Zhuangzi, it is noted that he advocates original and unorthodox views by challenging social norms and traditional practices. He also questions the prevailing notions and assumptions concerning the usefulness and uselessness of things and people. To liberate humans from conventional commitment and judgment, Zhuangzi recommends two Daoist concepts. The first is “fasting of the heart‐mind” (xin zhai) where a person empties oneself of preconceived ideas and practices. The second Daoist notion is “wandering” (you) where one responds to people, things, and situations in an open‐minded, appreciative, playful, and spontaneous manner. There are three major implications arising from a Zhuangzian conception of creativity: it contributes to an existing literature gap on the philosophy of creativity, extends the research on Eastern formulations of creativity that hitherto have centered on Confucianism, and challenges and re‐constructs the prevalent understandings and presuppositions concerning creativity and related terms.
Association of demographic and clinical factors with risk of acute pancreatitis: An exposure‐wide Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tang Qiu‐Yi , Yang Qi , Yu Xian‐Qiang , Liu Yu‐Xiu , Tong Zhi‐Hui , Li Bai‐Qiang , Chen Ya‐Ting , Yu Evan Yi‐Wen , Li Wei‐Qin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasing over years, which brings enormous economy and health burden. However, the aetiologies of AP and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the associations between all reported possible risk factors and AP using publicly available genome‐wide association study summary statistics.MethodsA series of quality control steps were taken in our analysis to select eligible instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms which were strongly associated with exposures. To make the conclusions more robust and reliable, we utilized several analytical methods (inverse‐variance weighting, MR‐PRESSO method, weighted median, MR‐Egger regression) that are based on different assumptions of two‐sample MR analysis. The MR‐Egger intercept test, radial regression and leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneities, and stability of these genetic variants on each exposure. A two‐step MR method was applied to explore mediators in significant associations.ResultsGenetic predisposition to cholelithiasis (effect estimate: 17.30, 95% CI: 12.25–22.36, p = 1.95 E‐11), body mass index (0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.51, p < 0.001), body fat percentage (0.57, 95% CI: 0.31–0.83, p = 1.31 E‐05), trunk fat percentage (0.36, 95% CI: 0.14–0.59, p < 0.005), ever smoked (1.61, 95% CI: 0.45–2.77, p = 0.007), and limbs fat percentage (0.55, 95% CI: 0.41–0.69, p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of AP. In addition, whole‐body fat‐free mass (−0.32, 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.10, p = 0.004) was associated with a decrease risk of AP.ConclusionGenetic predisposition to cholelithiasis, obesity and smoking could be causally associated with an increased risk of AP, and whole body fat‐free mass could be associated with a decreased risk of AP.
VWI‐APP: Vessel wall imaging–dedicated automated processing pipeline for intracranial atherosclerotic plaque quantification
Authors: Zhou Hanyue , Xiao Jiayu , Ganesh Siddarth , Lerner Alexander , Ruan Dan , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative plaque assessment based on 3D magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging (VWI) has been shown to provide valuable numerical markers of the burden and risk of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). However, plaque quantification is currently time‐consuming and observer‐dependent due to the demand for heavy manual effort. A VWI‐dedicated automated processing pipeline (VWI‐APP) is desirable.PurposeTo develop and evaluate a VWI‐APP for end‐to‐end quantitative analysis of intracranial atherosclerotic plaque.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 91 subjects with ICAD (80 for pipeline development, 10 for an end‐to‐end pipeline evaluation, and 1 for demonstrating longitudinal plaque assessment) who had undergone VWI and MR angiography. In an end‐to‐end evaluation, diameter stenosis (DS), normalized wall index (NWI), remodeling ratio (RR), plaque wall contrast ratio (CR), and total plaque volume (TPV) were quantified at each culprit lesion using the developed VWI‐APP and a computer‐aided manual approach by a neuroradiologist, respectively. The time consumed in each quantification approach was recorded. Two‐sided paired t‐tests and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine the difference and agreement in each plaque metric between VWI‐APP and manual quantification approaches.ResultsThere was no significant difference between VWI‐APP and manual quantification in each plaque metric. The ICC was 0.890, 0.813, 0.827, 0.891, and 0.991 for DS, NWI, RR, CR, and TPV, respectively, suggesting good to excellent accuracy of the pipeline method in plaque quantification. Quantitative analysis of each culprit lesion on average took 675.7 s using the manual approach but shortened to 238.3 s with the aid of VWI‐APP.ConclusionsVWI‐APP is an accurate and efficient approach to intracranial atherosclerotic plaque quantification. Further clinical assessment of this automated tool is warranted to establish its utility in the risk assessment of ICAD lesions.
Free‐breathing 2D radial cine MRI with respiratory auto‐calibrated motion correction (RAMCO)
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Guruprasad , Tourais Joao , Smink Jouke , Breeuwer Marcel , Kouwenhoven Marc 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo develop a free‐breathing (FB) 2D radial balanced steady‐state free precession cine cardiac MRI method with 100% respiratory gating efficiency using respiratory auto‐calibrated motion correction (RAMCO) based on a motion‐sensing camera.MethodsThe signal from a respiratory motion‐sensing camera was recorded during a FB retrospectively electrocardiogram triggered 2D radial balanced steady‐state free precession acquisition using pseudo–tiny‐golden‐angle ordering. With RAMCO, for each acquisition the respiratory signal was retrospectively auto‐calibrated by applying different linear translations, using the resulting in‐plane image sharpness as a criterium. The auto‐calibration determines the optimal magnitude of the linear translations for each of the in‐plane directions to minimize motion blurring caused by bulk respiratory motion. Additionally, motion‐weighted density compensation was applied during radial gridding to minimize through‐plane and non‐bulk motion blurring. Left ventricular functional parameters and sharpness scores of FB radial cine were compared with and without RAMCO, and additionally with conventional breath‐hold Cartesian cine on 9 volunteers.ResultsFB radial cine with RAMCO had similar sharpness scores as conventional breath‐hold Cartesian cine and the left ventricular functional parameters agreed. For FB radial cine, RAMCO reduced respiratory motion artifacts with a statistically significant difference in sharpness scores (P < 0.05) compared to reconstructions without motion correction.Conclusion2D radial cine imaging with RAMCO allows evaluation of left ventricular functional parameters in FB with 100% respiratory efficiency. It eliminates the need for breath‐holds, which is especially valuable for patients with no or impaired breath‐holding capacity. Validation of the proposed method on patients is warranted.
Effectiveness research in oncology with electronic health record data: A retrospective cohort study emulating the PALOMA‐2 trial
Authors: Merola David , Young Jessica , Schrag Deborah , Lin Kueiyu Joshua , Alwardt Sarah , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeOncology electronic health record (EHR) databases have increased in quality and availability over the past decade, yet it remains unclear whether these clinical practice data can be used to conduct reliable comparative effectiveness studies. We sought to emulate a clinical trial with EHR data in the advanced breast cancer population and compare our results against the trial.MethodsThis cohort study used EHR data from US oncology practices. All elements of the study were defined to mimic the PALOMA‐2 trial as closely as possible. Patients with hormone‐positive, HER‐2 negative metastatic breast cancer with no prior treatment for metastatic disease were included. Patients initiating palbociclib and letrozole on the same day following the earliest record of metastasis were compared to those initiating letrozole only. The primary associational measure was the conditional hazard ratio for time‐to‐next treatment (TTNT). TTNT is well‐measured in our data source and amenable for calibration against the randomized study results of the PALOMA‐2 trial. We used multiple imputation for several patient characteristics with missing values.ResultsThere were 3836 study‐eligible women with advanced breast cancer. The hazard ratio for TTNT in the observational study (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.56–0.68) was closely aligned with that of the randomized trial (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.52–0.78).ConclusionsUnder our assumptions on missing data and comparability of the two study populations, results from our non‐randomized study closely matched that of the randomized trial. Further studies are needed to determine whether EHR data can yield reliable conclusions on treatment effects in oncology.