bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors that affect lip changes following incisor retraction in Vietnamese adults with a convex facial profile
Authors: Le Trang , Tran Phi , Tran Vy 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to evaluate the factors that influence lip change through the results of tooth anterior retraction by fixed orthodontic treatment in Vietnamese adult patients with a convex facial profile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective study included 32 Vietnamese adults who have convex facial profiles. Digital software measurements according to Arnett's analysis and the superimposition method were performed to evaluate the changes in dentoskeletal structures, and soft tissue variables included lip change. A multiple logistic regression model was applied with various explanatory variables to analyze the correlation.

RESULTS:
The study revealed a strong correlation of lip change at the site of the cervical point and incisal edge of the upper incisors, and the cervical position demonstrated a stronger correlation. The ratio between lip change and incisor retraction in patients is approximately 1:2.3 at the incisal edge and 1:1.3 at the cervical point.

CONCLUSION:
Lip change was associated with incisor retraction at the cervical and incisal edge, but it did not correlate with the rotation axis of the upper incisors.
Polymorphism analysis of myosin 1H (G/A) and P561T (C/A) genes on class I, class II, and class III malocclusion
Authors: Gullianne Bayu Rachma , Jazaldi Fadli , Soedarsono Nurtami , Soegiharto Benny M. 
Published: August 2022

CONTEXT:
Besides environmental factors, genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of malocclusion. Polymorphisms of the Myosin 1H gene in orofacial muscle fibers are thought to influence the growth and development of the mandible. Growth hormone receptors are present on the growth of cartilage, especially the condyle of the mandible. The polymorphisms of the growth hormone receptor have an effect on the growth and development of the mandible. The potential of the Myosin 1H and P561T genes as bioindicators in aiding diagnosis of malocclusion is quite good based on the available literature. However, until now there has been no research that has observed genetic analysis on polymorphism-based malocclusion of the Myosin 1H and P561T genes in the Indonesian population.

AIMS:
To determine the relationship between polymorphisms of Myosin 1H and P561T genes, towards the growth and development of the mandible in malocclusion cases.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
Subjects were patients aged 17--45 years old with skeletal malocclusions who were undergoing or were about to undergo orthodontic treatment at RSGM-FKG UI (Universitas Indonesia's Dental Hospital), with 50 people in each group.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:
Malocclusions were determined based on radiographic analysis of the initial cephalometry using the Stainer method. DNA samples were extracted from buccal swabs and blood cells in Class I and II malocclusion while nail clippings and hair follicles extracts were used in Class III malocclusion. DNA sequence amplification was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction, while Genetic Polymorphism Analysis of Myosin 1H and P561T genes was performed with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Pearson Chi-Square was used to analyze the Myosin 1H gene, while the Fisher Exact Test was used to analyze the P561T gene.

RESULTS:
A relationship between Myosin 1H gene polymorphism and Class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion was found. There was no correlation between P561T gene polymorphism and Class I, II, and III skeletal malocclusion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Myosin 1H gene polymorphism is one of the risk factors for Class I, II, and III malocclusion. Extraction of DNA from hair follicles gave good results in terms of DNA quality and was a relatively easier sampling method compared to blood cell purification and buccal swabs.
Novel cephalometric parameters for the assessment of vertical skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Gandhi Kaveri Kranti , Rai Anshu 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The accurate diagnosis of vertical skeletal abnormalities presents several challenges. Specific cephalometric parameters can be effectively used for this purpose; however, their diagnostic utility has not been fully ascertained. This study examined the effectiveness of two novel cephalometric parameters in diagnosing vertical dysplasia.

METHODS:
Orthodontic patients were divided into three study groups: average growth group (AGG), horizontal growth group (HGG), and vertical growth group (VGG). The efficacies of the sum of the angles (maxillary, mandibular, and ramal) and the height ratio (lower anterior facial height [LAFH]/upper anterior facial height [UAFH]) in identifying the different growth patterns were examined. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to quantitatively assess diagnostic precision.

RESULTS:
A total of 150 patients were included and divided equally among the 3 study groups. The ramal and mandibular angles varied across AGG, HGG, and VGG; however, the maxillary angle and the sum of these three angles did not vary significantly. There was a significant difference in LAFH, UAFH, and their ratios among the three groups. The height ratio had a sensitivity of 88% and 92% for the diagnosis of VGG and HGG, respectively, with cutoff values of 46 and 34, respectively (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The height ratio values varied considerably according to facial growth patterns, suggesting its utility as a diagnostic tool for skeletal dysplasia with greater reliability for positive treatment outcomes.
Evaluation of biofilm formation on different clear orthodontic retainer materials
Authors: Hamdoon Suhad M. , AlSamak Saeed , Ahmed Mahmood Kh. , Gasgoos Saad 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
To assess the chemical composition and oral biofilm formation on different types of commercially available clear orthodontic retainer materials (CORM).

Materials and Methods:
Four types of CORM commercially available were used (Clear advantage series I (CAS1), Clear advantage series II (CAS2), Endure (ES), and CENTRI FORM-clear rigid material (CFCRM)). Circular samples (12 mm diameter) of each CORM were prepared for (n = 40). Unstimulated saliva from twenty volunteers was collected. Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for the evaluation of the chemical composition of CORM. For the quantitative assessment of oral biofilm formation, samples of each CORM were incubated for twenty-four hours, and crystal violet assay (CVA) was utilized. The degree of absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer at 570 nm. For qualitative evaluation of oral formation, the samples of each CORM were incubated for 24 hours, and viable biofilm cells stained by acridine orange were examined under a fluorescent microscope.

Results:
FTIR findings showed that CAS2 was made of polypropylene and ES is made of polyvinyl chloride, while others were made of co-polyester. CVA results confirmed that CAS2 showed the lowest biofilm formation, which differs significantly compared to CAS1, CFCRM, and ES. No significant difference in biofilm formation was detected between CAS1, CFCRM, and ES. Viable biofilm cells staining by acridine orange showed that CAS2 demonstrated smaller microcolonies of viable biofilm cells compared with CAS1, CFCRM, and ES, which confirmed the result obtained by CVA.

Conclusions:
CAS2 showed anti-microbial activities with a decrease the in vitro biofilm formation, which may be related to its chemical composition.
The MH-WIRE, a novel coil-springe wire system
Authors: Elkolaly Mohamed A. , Hasan Hasan S. 
Published: August 2022

OBJACTIVE:
The authors introduced a novel wire system aiming to achieve optimal goals of tooth movement without multiple wire changes or sophisticated wire bending.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The system was composed of a single wire for all phases of treatment. The archwire was composed of NiTi coil springs connecting delta-shaped segments of 0.018˝ × 0.025˝ Titanium Molybdenum Alloy (TMA) segments to fit the 0.018˝ × 0.025˝ bracket slot, or 0.022˝ × 0.028˝ TMA segments to fit the 0.022˝ × 0.028˝ bracket slot. The coil spring was closed and packed in design. The coil-spring loops were constructed with 3 mm lumen. The wires were designed in three sagittal forms and the system provided nine forms of archwires.

RESULTS:
The wire systems have been an important component of treatment since the development of orthodontic science. Over time, the philosophy has evolved from endorsing wire bending to straight-wire treatment and then to custom-made archwires.

CONCLUSION:
This wire system was designed to be used as a “single-wire for the case” across all stages of treatment to achieve the ideal goals without any biological damage.
Chordoma
Authors: Mehta Maitrik , Patel Monik , Parikh Ankita , Suryanarayan U. , Singh Jayesh , Thimmarayappa Arun , Pandya Aakash 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Chordoma is a low-grade notochordal tumor of the skull base, mobile spine, and sacrum, which is locally invasive and tends to present late in the disease course and confers a poor prognosis. They usually recur locally and surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is often given postoperatively to reduce local recurrence. The purpose of this study is to assess RT treatment given at our center for chordoma patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective analysis, 25 patients with chordoma treated with RT between 2013 and 2020 at a single institution were reviewed. Eleven patients had sacrococcygeal tumors, three had clival tumors, two had lumbar, one had sphenoid tumors, one had nasal cavity tumors, two had cervical spine tumors, and two had sellar/suprasellar tumors. Out of 25 patients, 19 patients underwent surgical excision (partial/complete) and in 6 patients only a biopsy was done. Two patients underwent recurrent surgical excision. All patients received RT either postoperative or in recurrent settings or after biopsy only. The median RT dose was 30 Grey (Gy) (range, 16–60 Gy).

Results:
On analysis, seven patients were lost to follow-up. Three patients were on follow-up till 56, 53, and 41 months and were included in a 4-year survival analysis. Eighteen patients follow-up were available. Out of 18 patients, 8 patients had died and 10 patients were alive. With the median follow-up of 37.5 months, the 4-year overall survival rate was 61.9% in 21 patients. With the median follow-up of 39 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 55.6% in 18 patients.

Conclusions:
RT in the postoperative setup may improve the overall survival in chordoma patients. Further detailed analysis is necessary for RT dose and/or higher techniques need to be used for local control of the disease.
Dosimetric Comparative Study of Conformal Radiation Techniques in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Rather Sajad Ahmad , Khan Aijaz Ahmad , Mir Feroz Ahmad , Haq M. Muhibul 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of the current study is to determine whether patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who underwent radiotherapy (RT) using intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) technique were benefitting from this highly conformal treatment in terms of doses received by planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) in comparison to three-dimensional conventional RT (3DCRT).

Materials and Methods:
Twelve patients treated with IMRT for GBM were selected for dosimetric comparison with 3DCRT. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy in 30 fractions and seven non-coplanner beams were used in IMRT to cover 95% of target volume. The irradiated patients of GBM were retrieved and replanned with 3DCRT techniques. Dosimetric comparison was done by performing two plans for the same patient; prescription dose and normal tissue constraints were identical for both plans. The dose–volume histograms of target volumes and OAR, dose conformity, and dose homogeneity with 3DCRT and IMRT planning were compared. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the differences.

Results:
The mean conformity index was 0.99 ± 0.001 for IMRT and 0.97 ± 0.002 for 3DCRT, P = 0.001. The mean homogeneity index was 1.03 ± 0.02 for IMRT and 1.06 ± 0.009 for 3DCRT, P = 0.003, which is statistically significant. The IMRT technique enables dose reduction of normal tissues including brainstem (Dmean by 33.78 ± 5.34 and Dmax 51.84 ± 4.43), optic chiasm (Dmean by 36.92 ± 1.99 and Dmax 44.61 ± 3.72), left optic nerve (Dmean by 28.97 ± 6.51 and Dmax 46.08 ± 10.58), right optic nerve (Dmean by 31.93 ± 11.68 and Dmax 44.63 ± 13.54), left eye (Dmean by 18.66 ± 8.92 and Dmax 37.43 ± 13.47), right eye (Dmean by 14.40 ± 4.87 and Dmax 40.37 ± 11.37), left lens (by Dmax 5.45 ± 1.85), and right lens (Dmax 5.07 ± 0.63).

Conclusion:
The IMRT provides a real dosimetric advantage, especially for normal brain tissue, and in terms of target coverage. It allows treatment of tumors while respecting OARs' dose constraints. The IMRT technique shows significant advantage in PTV coverage, dose homogeneity, and conformity. In IMRT, the coverage is better where PTV was overlapping with critical OARs.
Comparison of 7th and 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Soman Princy S. , Hemalatha A. , Nadipanna Sreeramulu P. , Raju Kalyani 
Published: August 2022

Context:
The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is a very important prognostic factor for treating patients with carcinoma breast. There has been a recent change in the staging of breast cancer, from the 7th edition to 8th edition AJCC. Hence, the present study aimed to analyze the stage migration from 7th to 8th edition AJCC staging in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and comparison of each staging system with the Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) prognostic scoring system.

Aims:
The aim is to evaluate the stage migration between the 7th and 8th edition AJCC in IDC of the breast and compare both staging systems with the NPI prognostic scoring system.

Settings and Design:
In this retrospective study, we collected the clinical and pathological data from 56 IDC cases from January 2019 to June 2021 presenting at our institute. We restaged all the cases as per the prognostic staging system (8th AJCC) and calculated the survival status with NPI as long-term (5-year survival status) follow-up of the cases was not possible.

Statistics:
Categorical data were represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. Chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test (for 2 × 2 tables only) was used as a test of significance for qualitative data. Continuous data were represented as mean and standard deviation. P value was calculated.

Results:
In this study, majority of the cases were in grade 1 and in Stage II. Among 16 cases in Stage II A, 7 (43.8%) showed down staging and 3 (18.8%) showed up staging, while 12 (70.6%)/17 cases in Stage II B showed down staging. When compared with NPI both 6th and 7th AJCC showed statistical significance.

Conclusion:
Stage migration (upstaging and down staging) was seen in the 8th edition AJCC when compared to the 7th edition AJCC. Both the staging system correlated with the NPI prognostic index. However, long-term follow-up of these patients must be done to look into the efficacy of the 8th AJCC staging system before changing the treatment protocol.
Changes in Glucose Metabolism of the Brain after Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma on Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Bülbül Ogün , Göksel Sibel , Nak Demet 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Mild cognitive impairment seen after chemotherapy is called chemo brain. Neuropsychological tests mainly diagnose chemo brain, but morphological or functional imaging modalities may also contribute to the diagnosis. This study aimed to examine the change in brain fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake after immunochemotherapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Materials and Methods:
FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography images performed for both staging and treatment response evaluation of patients treated with R-CHOP for DLBCL were retrospectively analyzed. It was investigated whether the FDG uptake of the brain decreased after the treatment.

Results:
There was no significant decrease in FDG uptake in the brain regions of 40 patients treated with R-CHOP compared to pretreatment. There was no significant change in brain FDG uptake after treatment between Ann Arbor Stage 1 or Stage 2 patients and Ann Arbor Stage 3 or Stage 4 patients compared to pretreatment. There was no significant change in brain FDG uptake after treatment compared to pretreatment between patients with Deauville score (DS) 1–3 and patients with DS 4 or 5 according to treatment responses. Patients with the most hypermetabolic lesion SUVmax >30.5 had significantly decreased posttreatment SUVmean in the right basal ganglia, left and right central regions, left cingulate and paracingulate cortices, right striatum, left and right frontal cortices, left occipital cortex, left and right parietal cortices, left and right precunei, and right temporal cortex.

Conclusion:
FDG uptake decreased in many brain regions after R-CHOP in patients with DLBCL whose lesions showed high FDG uptake.
Doctors' Attitude and Satisfaction Toward Clinical Pharmacists' Role at Omdurman Military Hospital
Authors: Abudleek Mona F , Adam Mohamed E , Ahmed Kannan Omer , Yousef Bashir Alsiddig 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the attitude and satisfaction of doctors toward clinical pharmacists' role at Omdurman Military Hospital.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Omdurman Military Hospital in Khartoum state, Sudan. A self-administered questionnaire was delivered to 165 doctors who had previously worked with clinical pharmacists. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The Chi-square test was used for the data analysis.Results:A total of 165 filled questionnaires were returned, 84 (50.9%) of them were males, and over 50% were aged under 31 years. Around 94.6% of them agreed that the clinical pharmacist is an important and integral part of the medical team, while 89.1% believed that clinical pharmacists could improve overall patient outcomes/quality of patient care. Collectively, 85.6% of the participants had a positive attitude toward the clinical pharmacist's role. Moreover, the calculated overall satisfaction of doctors toward clinical pharmacy services showed that 83% had ahem with a high level of satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between doctors' attitude and satisfaction with the area of practice, years of experience, and the duration of work in settings where clinical pharmacy service is provided.Conclusions:The study identified a positive attitude and high level of doctor satisfaction with clinical pharmacist role and confidence in the abilities of the clinical pharmacists, also found that doctors overwhelmingly favor the presence of clinical pharmacists, frequently seek their advice, and feel they improve the quality of patient care.
A detailed look on actions on Hochschild complexes especially the degree 1 coproduct and actions on loop spaces
Authors: Kaufmann Ralph M. 
Published: August 2022

We explain our previous results about Hochschild actions (2007/2008) pertaining, in particular, to the coproduct, which appeared in a different form in a work by Goresky and Hingston (2009), and provide a fresh look at the results. We recall the general action, specialize to the aforementioned coproduct and prove that the assumption of commutativity, made for convenience in a previous article (2008), is not needed. We give detailed background material on loop spaces, Hochschild complexes and dualizations, and discuss details and extensions of these techniques which work for all operations given in two previous articles (2007/2008).
With respect to loop spaces, we show that the coproduct is well defined modulo constant loops and going one step further that in the case of a graded Gorenstein Frobenius algebra, the coproduct is well defined on the reduced normalized Hochschild complex. We discuss several other aspects such as “time reversal” duality and several homotopies of operations induced by it. This provides a cohomology operation which is a homotopy of the anti-symmetrization of the coproduct. The obstruction again vanishes on the reduced normalized Hochschild complex if the Frobenius algebra is graded Gorenstein. Further structures such as “animation”, the BV structure, a coloring for operations on chains and cochains, and a Gerstenhaber double bracket are briefly treated.
Agro-pastoralist Resilience: Emerging Challenges towards Innovated Pathways of Climate Change Effects in Semi-arid areas of Kiteto and Kilindi Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Mung’ong’o Henry George 
Published: August 2022

Climate change and its variability threaten food security globally, making life uncertain, especially among agro-pastoral communities living in fragile semi-arid areas. This trend has necessitated the exploration of the potential designed and developed pathways and the emerging challenges which reduce the adaptive capacity of agro-pastoralists. This study investigates innovative pathways and challenges facing agro-pastoral communities in adapting to climate change and variability effects on crops and livestock production in semiarid areas of Kiteto and Kilindi Districts. A mixed-method research approach under a correlation case study design was employed. Primary data were collected using a household survey which sampled 362 households, Focus Group Discussion (n=6), In-depth interviews (key informants) and field visits. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used in analysing and presenting the findings. The study results indicate that agro-pastoral communities have observed a decrease in rainfall and an increase in temperature trends that were linked to reduced livestock, cereals and pulses crop production thus affecting the agro- pastoral community’s food security status. The study identified innovative pathways as a response to reduced livestock, cereal and pulse crops production which includes growing drought-tolerant crops, practising intercropping, livestock seasonal mobility, traditional grazing management system through by-laws, pastures rotational uses and traditional water reservoirs (Mboutu). Furthermore, the study identified several challenges to overcoming declining livestock production and crop yields, which include inadequate financial capital (91%), droughts (85.4%), unpredicted weather patterns, (74.7%), emergency of new AJASSS Volume 4, Issue No. 1, 2022 page 20 livestock diseases (50.3%), a lack of reliable weather information (44.2%), low livestock prices(40%), insufficient and delayed delivery of agricultural equipment (37%). All these challenges reduced the resilience capacity of agropastoralists. To ensure the sustainability of fragile dryland communities, this study recommends purposeful institutional intervention plans and increased income diversification as well as more capacity-building activities for increased awareness of climate change adaptation practices in semiarid areas of Tanzania which will increase agro-pastoralists resilience.