bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect Evaluation of Sahtak bi Sahnak, a Lebanese Secondary School-Based Nutrition Intervention: A Cluster Randomised Trial
Authors: Said Liliane , Gubbels Jessica S. , Kremers Stef P. J. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of Sahtak bi Sahnak on dietary knowledge and adherence to dietary guidelines in Lebanese adolescents.Design/settingA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in public and private secondary schools located in urban and rural regions in Lebanon.ParticipantsSixteen secondary schools including 1,572 adolescents were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 739) or control group (n = 833).InterventionSahtak bi Sahnak is an educational school-based intervention dedicated to improving dietary adherence to nutritional guidelines, increasing the level of dietary knowledge, and preventing the development of obesity during adolescence. It was systematically designed based on the Intervention Mapping framework. The total length of the intervention was around seven educational sessions, until all of the 11 lessons were covered. Each education session lasted 20–40 min.Main Outcome MeasuresDietary knowledge and adherence levels were measured at baseline and post-intervention using validated questionnaires.Statistical AnalysisMultivariate multilevel regression models were used to examine intervention effects on outcomes, controlled for background characteristics (i.e., age, gender, location, type of school, grade, BMI z-score).ResultsThe intervention group showed significant improvements in total dietary knowledge (B = 12.74, p &lt; 0.001) and intake of healthy items (B = 1.89, p &lt; 0.001), compared to the control group. Intake of unhealthy items decreased significantly (B = −1.43, p &lt; 0.001), compared to the control group. These results were adjusted for age, gender, type of school, location, BMI z-score, study group, and score at baseline.Conclusion and ImplicationsSahtak bi Sahnak is an effective and culturally appropriate school-based intervention for targeting diet among a variety of Lebanese adolescents.
Study on Identification Method of Pulmonary Nodules: Improved Random Walk Pulmonary Parenchyma Segmentation and Fusion Multi-Feature VGG16 Nodule Classification
Authors: Zhang Yanrong , Meng Lingyue 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to realize automatic segmentation of lung parenchyma based on random walk algorithm to ensure the accuracy of lung parenchyma segmentation. The explicable features of pulmonary nodules were added into VGG16 neural network to improve the classification accuracy of pulmonary nodules.Materials and MethodsLIDC-IDRI, a public dataset containing lung Computed Tomography images/pulmonary nodules, was used as experimental data. In lung parenchyma segmentation, the maximum Between-Class Variance method (OTSU), corrosion and expansion methods were used to automatically obtain the foreground and background seed points of random walk algorithm in lung parenchyma region. The shortest distance between point sets was added as one of the criteria of prospect probability in the calculation of random walk weight function to achieve accurate segmentation of pulmonary parenchyma. According to the location of the nodules marked by the doctor, the nodules were extracted. The texture features and grayscale features were extracted by Volume Local Direction Ternary Pattern (VLDTP) method and gray histogram. The explicable features were input into VGG16 network in series mode and fused with depth features to achieve accurate classification of nodules. Intersection of Union (IOU) and false positive rate (FPR) were used to measure the segmentation results. Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy and F1 score were used to evaluate the results of nodule classification.ResultsThe automatic random walk algorithm is effective in lung parenchyma segmentation, and its segmentation efficiency is improved obviously. In VGG16 network, the accuracy of nodular classification is 0.045 higher than that of single depth feature classification.ConclusionThe method proposed in this paper can effectively and accurately achieve automatic segmentation of lung parenchyma. In addition, the fusion of multi-feature VGG16 network is effective in the classification of pulmonary nodules, which can improve the accuracy of nodular classification.
A Timely Administration of Antenatal Steroids Is Highly Protective Against Intraventricular Hemorrhage: An Observational Multicenter Cohort Study of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Fortmann Ingmar , Mertens Luisa , Boeckel Hannah , Grüttner Berthold , Humberg Alexander , Astiz Mariana , Roll Claudia , Rickleffs Isabell , Rody Achim , Härtel Christoph , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang , Bossung Verena 
Published: March 2022

AimThe aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of the timing of antenatal steroids (ANSs) on neonatal outcome of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) born before 30 weeks of gestation in the German Neonatal Network.MethodsThe German Neonatal Network is a large population-based cohort study enrolling VLBWIs since 2009. We included 672 neonates, who were born between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019 in our analysis in 10 selected centers. Infants were divided into four subgroups based on the interval between the first steroid administration and preterm birth: (I) two doses of betamethasone, ANS-birth interval: &gt;24 h to 7 days, n = 187, (II) only one dose of betamethasone, ANS-birth interval 0–24 h, n = 70, (III) two doses of betamethasone, ANS-birth interval &gt;7 days, n = 177, and (IV) no antenatal steroids, n = 238. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed for the main neonatal outcome parameters. Group IV (no ANS) was used as a reference.ResultsAn ANS-birth interval of 24 h to 7 days after the first dose was associated with a reduced risk for intraventricular hemorrhage (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.09–0.31, p &lt; 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.23–0.61, p &lt; 0.001), whereas the group of infants that only received a single dose of steroids reflected a subgroup at high risk for adverse neonatal outcomes; an ANS-birth interval of &gt;7 days was still associated with a lower risk for intraventricular hemorrhage (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.25–0.72, p = 0.002) and the need for mechanical ventilation (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27–0.71, p = 0.001).ConclusionOur observational data indicate that an ANS-birth interval of 24 h to 7 days is strongly associated with a reduced risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in VLBWIs. Further research is needed to improve the prediction of preterm birth in order to achieve a timely administration of antenatal steroids that may improve neonatal outcomes such as intraventricular hemorrhage.
Propofol Protects Myocardium From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through the AKT/p53 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Shengqiang , Lei Zhen , Yang Xiaomei , Zhao Meng , Hou Yonghao , Wang Di , Tang Shuhai , Li Jingxin , Yu Jingui 
Published: March 2022

The molecular mechanism underlying the protective role of propofol against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that ferroptosis is an imperative pathological process in myocardial I/R injury. We hypothesized that propofol prevents myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the AKT/p53 signaling pathway. The ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin (E) and AKT inhibitor MK2206 (MK) were used to investigate the role of propofol in myocardial I/R injury. H9C2 cells treated without any reagents, erastin for 24 h, propofol for 1 h before adding erastin were assigned as the control (C), E, and E + P group, respectively. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), cysteine/glutamate transporter (XCT), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in H9C2 cells. Rat hearts from the I/R + P or I/R groups were treated with or without propofol for 20 min before stopping perfusion for 30 min and reperfusion for 60 min. Rat hearts from the I/R + P + MK or I/R + MK groups were treated with or without propofol for 20 min, with a 10-min treatment of MK2206 before stopping perfusion. Myocardial histopathology, mitochondrial structure, iron levels, and antioxidant enzymes expression were assessed. Our results demonstrated that erastin increased H9C2 cell mortality and reduced the expression of antioxidant enzymes. I/R, which reduced the expression of antioxidant enzymes and increased iron or p53 (p &lt; 0.05), boosted myocardium pathological and mitochondrion damage. Propofol inhibited these changes; however, the effects of propofol on I/R injury were antagonized by MK (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, AKT siRNA inhibited the propofol-induced expression of antioxidant enzymes (p &lt; 0.05). Our findings confirm that propofol protects myocardium from I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the AKT/p53 signal pathway.
High-Performance Birefringence of Periodic Nanostructures in FTO Thin Film Fabricated by IR-UV Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Zhang Fengzhuo , Chen Long , Zhang Yuchan , Jiang Qilin , Feng Donghai , Zhang Shian , Jia Tianqing , Sun Zhenrong , Xu Hongxing 
Published: March 2022

By using infrared to ultraviolet (IR-UV) femtosecond laser directing, periodic nanostructures were efficiently fabricated on an F-doped tin oxide (FTO) film with a thickness of 650 nm. The morphology of the nanostructures and duty cycle were studied in detail by changing the laser fluence and scanning speed, where three lasers with central wavelengths of 343, 515, and 1,030 nm were used in the experiments. Under the 515 nm laser irradiation with scanning speed of 0.01 mm/s and laser fluence of 23 mJ/cm2, the periods Λ is 172 nm, the ablated nanogroove with width w2 is 52 nm, the birefringence Δn reached a maximum of 0.21, and the phase retardance was up to 135 nm. The morphology of the nanostructures and the birefringence effects of the FTO film prepared by a femtosecond laser at wavelengths of 1,030 and 343 nm were also studied, where the phase retardance of the nanostructured FTO film was much lesser than for the 515 nm laser because the thickness of the nanoripples layer, and, thus, the duty cycle of periodic nanoripples was smaller. Finally, a large-area FTO film with periodic nanostructures was fabricated efficiently by direct laser writing using a 515 nm fs laser beam focused via a cylindrical lens, and demonstrated the characteristics of a quarter-wave plate for 532 nm light.
Specialization and Injury Risk in Different Youth Sports: A Bio-Emotional Social Approach
Authors: Iona Teresa , Raimo Simona , Coco Daniele , Tortella Patrizia , Masala Daniele , Ammendolia Antonio , Mannocci Alice , La Torre Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AimsSport specialization is an actual trend in youth athletes, but it can increase injury risk. The aim was to determine the eventual correlation between sports specialization and injury risk in various sports, using a biopsychosocial approach.Methods169 sport-specialized athletes completed [(38 female, 131 male); overall (11.2 ± 2.7 years), (56.28 ± 15.72 kg), (161.3 ± 15.52 cm)] a self-reported questionnaire regarding sociodemographic (age, gender, educational level), physical-attitudinal, injuries and psychological-attitudinal To analyze data univariate and correlate analyses were used.ResultsOf 169 athletes enrolled, 53% were single-sport specialized (reported participation in one sport and trained &gt; 8 months/year). In team sports (100%, OR = 0.75; p = 0.022) a high risk of having to remain at rest for up to 1 month because of overuse was observed. Males who suffered direct trauma (70%; OR = 1.03; p = 0.006) in the team group (95%, OR = 0.09; p = 0.008) were more exposed to that type of injury, and also the type of specialization figured significantly (p = 0.047). In addition, interoceptive awareness correlates with injury (95%, 1.04, p = 0.01). This study shows that, even though young athletes seem to be at a high risk of becoming injured, early team sport specialization and a high performance level cannot be considered to be the only risk factors.
The Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret (1972): Normative Data in Adults Aged 18–45
Authors: Collins Alana , Saling Michael M. , Wilson Sarah J. , Jackson Graeme D. , Tailby Chris 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe Spatial Learning Task of Lhermitte and Signoret is an object-location arbitrary associative learning task. The task was originally developed to evaluate adults with severe amnesia. It is currently used in populations where the memory system either is not yet fully developed or where it has been compromised (e.g. epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, electroconvulsive therapy, cerebrovascular disease and dementia). Normative data have been published for paediatric cohorts and for older adults, however no data exist for the intervening adult years.MethodHere, we address this gap, collecting normative data from 101 adults aged 18–45.ResultsOur data indicate that performance on the Spatial Learning Task is not influenced by age, gender, level of education or overall IQ. Less than 10% of the variance in learning scores is associated with variability in verbal memory. Ninety percent of participants achieved perfect scores on two successive trials (T2Cr) within five or fewer trials on the Spatial Learning Task. A T2Cr score of 6 is suggestive of impairment and a T2Cr score of 7 or more is statistically abnormal.ConclusionThese data expand the clinical utility of the Spatial Learning Task in the adult population. Future work should examine performance in lower IQ cohorts, including intellectual disability, and explore sensitivity to disease factors such as laterality of mesial temporal lobe damage.
Neurosurgical Management of Interspinous Device Complications: A Case Series
Authors: Florence T. J. , Say Irene , Patel Kunal S. , Unterberger Ansley , Laiwalla Azim , Vivas Andrew C. , Lu Daniel C. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBest practice guidelines for treating lumbar stenosis include a multidisciplinary approach, ranging from conservative management with physical therapy, medication, and epidural steroid injections to surgical decompression with or without instrumentation. Marketed as an outpatient alternative to a traditional lumbar decompression, interspinous process devices (IPDs) have gained popularity as a minimally invasive stabilization procedure. IPDs have been embraced by non-surgical providers, including physiatrists and anesthesia interventional pain specialists. In the interest of patient safety, it is imperative to formally profile its safety and identify its role in the treatment paradigm for lumbar stenosis.Case DescriptionWe carried out a retrospective review at our institution of neurosurgical consultations for patients with hardware complications following the interspinous device placement procedure. Eight cases within a 3-year period were identified, and patient characteristics and management are illustrated. The series describes the migration of hardware, spinous process fracture, and worsening post-procedural back pain.ConclusionsIPD placement carries procedural risk and requires a careful pre-operative evaluation of patient imaging and surgical candidacy. We recommend neurosurgical consultation and supervision for higher-risk IPD cases.
Applying High-Resolution Impedance Manometry for Detecting Swallowing Change in Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery Patients
Authors: Lai Chih-Jun , Cheng Ya-Jung , Lai Dar-Ming , Wu Chun-Yu , Chang Wen-Ting , Tsuang Fon-Yih 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundObjectively detecting perioperative swallowing changes is essential for differentiating the reporting of subjective trouble sensations in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). Swallowing indicates the transmission of fluid boluses from the pharynx (velopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx) through the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). Abnormal swallowing can reveal fluid accumulation at the pharynx, which increased the aspiration risk. However, objective evidence is limited. High-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) was applied for an objective swallowing evaluation for a more detailed analysis. We aimed to elucidate whether HRIM can be used to detect perioperative swallowing changes in patients undergoing ACSS.MethodsFourteen patients undergoing elective ACSS underwent HRIM with the Dysphagia Short Questionnaire (DSQ, score: 0–18) preoperatively (PreOP), on postoperative at day 1 (POD1), and postoperative at day seven (POD7). We calculated hypopharyngeal and UES variables, including hypopharyngeal mean peak pressure (PeakP) and UES peak pressure, representing their contractility (normal range of PeakP, 69–280 mmHg; peak pressure, 149–548 mmHg). The velopharynx-to-tongue base contractile (VTI) was also calculated (normal range, 300–700 mmHg.s.cm), indicating contractility. The swallowing risk index (SRI) from HRIM combined with four hypopharyngeal parameters, including PeakP, represents the global swallowing function (normal range, 0–11). A higher SRI value indicated higher aspiration.ResultsSRI was significantly higher on POD1 (10.88 ± 5.69) than PreOP (6.06 ± 3.71) and POD7 (8.99 ± 4.64). In all patients, PeakP was significantly lower on POD1 (61.8 ± 18.0 mmHg) than PreOP (84.9 ±34.7 mmHg) and on POD7 (75.3 ± 23.4 mmHg). The UES peak pressure was significantly lower on POD1 (80.4 ± 30.0 mmHg) than PreOP (112.9 ± 49.3 mmHg) and on POD7 (105.6 ± 59.1 mmHg). Other variables, including VTI, did not change significantly among the three time points. DSQ scores were 1.36, 3.43, and 2.36 at PreOP, POD1, and POD7 respectively.ConclusionsWith similar trends in DSQ and SRI, swallowing was significantly decreased on POD1 because of decreased hypopharyngeal and UES contractility but recovered to the preoperative state on POD7 after ACSS. Applying HRIM is superior to DSQ in detecting mechanisms and monitoring the recovery from swallowing dysfunction.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03891940).
0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Masawa Salma Maneno , Li Jihong , Zhao Chenxu , Liu Xiaolong , Yao Jianxi 
Published: March 2022

Bismuth-based perovskites are potentially a promising alternative for lead-free perovskites. During bond formation, however, trivalent ions on Cs3Bi2I9 with CsI/BiI3 ratio of 1.5/1 form 0D-neutral charged compounds with higher bandgap (>2.0 eV) and poor absorption capacity. Mixed 0/2-dimensional structures are potentially suitable substitutes due to their low bandgap. So far, the reported CsI/BiI3 ratios for 0D/2D structures are 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Herein, a new ratio of 1/1.5 is reported. Caesium bismuth iodide at a ratio of CsI/BiI3 of 1/1.5 was synthesised using a one-step processing method with/without solvent vapour annealing. During solvent annealing, a 1/4 (v/v) mixture of DMF/methanol was used as a solvent. The crystal structure formed at a ratio of 1/1.5 is more similar to 1.5/1 than to 1/3. The XRD pattern revealed additional characteristics peaks at 009, 012, 209 and 300, indicating the growth of another phase. The formed heterogeneous mixed 0D/2D structure has an extended light absorption capacity greater than 720 nm. Solvent vapour annealing improved film morphology by enhancing grain size and packing density. When cells with and without solvent vapour annealing are compared, the power conversion efficiency of caesium bismuth iodide increases from 0.26% without solvent annealing to 0.98% with solvent vapour annealing. This study establishes a new route for future research on crystal configuration, nomenclature, film and morphology, quality tailoring and applications toward the goal of lead-free perovskite solar cells.
MANUAL METODOLÓGICO DE PRUEBAS FÍSICAS PARA ESTUDIANTES DE 11-12 AÑOS DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA MARÍA DE LA MERCED DE PORTOVIEJO, ECUADOR
Authors: Alfonzo Marín Arnoldo Eliezer 
Published: March 2022

Las capacidades físicas juegan un papel fundamental dentro de la planificación de los contenidos de la educación física. El desarrollo equilibrado de estas capacidades es determinante en la formación integral del ser humano, además, garantiza la incorporación de futuros talentos a los equipos nacionales, es por ello, que resulta imprescindible cumplir con la etapa de detección del talento en las escuelas, específicamente en las edades entre 11 y 12 años que es la etapa donde muchos expertos recomiendan comenzar con el proceso específico deportivo. Mediante el método de revisión bibliográfica se logró hallar un baremo que estableció FEDENADOR en el año 2015 para la detección de talento en el Ecuador, no obstante, no se obtuvo evidencia científica que avale la aplicación de estas pruebas a nivel escolar en Portoviejo. Es a partir de ahí, que despierta el interés por elaborar un manual metodológico de Pruebas Física para ser aplicada en estudiantes juveniles 11-12 años de la Unidad Educativa María de la Merced Portoviejo, Manabí-Ecuador la cual sea referencia para todas las Unidades Educativas Religiosas Mercedarias y otras a nivel Nacional la cual permita detectar talentos, y además, permita a los docentes evaluar, controlar y reajustar las cargas físicas planificadas.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Pruebas físicas; capacidades físicas; evaluación; detección.
METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL OF PHYSICAL TESTS FOR STUDENTS FROM 11 TO 12 YEARS IN THE MARIA DE LA MERCED HIGH SCHOOL OF PORTOVIEJO, ECUADOR
ABSTRACT
Physical abilities have a fundamental role in the contents planning of physical education. The balanced development of these capacities is a determining factor in the integral formation of the human being, in addition, guarantees the incorporation of future talents to the national teams, that is why, it is essential to comply with the stage of talent detection in schools, specifically in the ages between 11 and 12 years is the stage where many experts recommend starting with the specific sports process. Using the bibliographic review method, a scale was found that was established by FEDENADOR in 2015 for the detection of talent in Ecuador, however, no scientific evidence was obtained to support the application of these tests at the school level in Portoviejo. It is from there, that awakens interest in developing a methodological manual of physical tests to be applied to youth students from 11 to 12 years of the Maria de la Merced High School in Portoviejo, Manabí-Ecuador which is a reference for all educational-religious Mercedarias schools and others at the National level which allows to detect talents, and in addition, allows teachers to evaluate, control and readjust the physical burdens that has been planned.
KEYWORDS: Physical tests; physical abilities; evaluation; detection.