bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRATHECAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN COMBINATION WITH HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE FOR LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES AND ITS POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIC CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: Alam Syed Sajjad , Nighat Abbas  , Ali Asgher  , Muhammad Rafique  , Anees-ur-Rehman  , Khadijah Abid  
Published: November 2022

Background: Intra-thecal anaesthesia is the commonly preferred, block for surgeries of lower abdomen, perineal and lower limb. It is easy to administer and very economical but needs skills. Intrathecal use of local anaesthetics possesses a short duration of action and needs early use of rescue analgesia postoperatively. Objective was to assess the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in adjuvant with bupivacaine for neuraxial anesthesia and postoperative analgesic characteristics. It was a prospective comparative study, conducted at Anesthesia Department, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from January to July 2020. Methods: Overall 100 patients conveniently recruited who underwent lower abdominal procedures were allocated into two groups' by randomization, i.e., 50 in each group and were labeled as Group N and Group D10. Group N consist of 0.5% bupivacaine 10 mg (2 ml) + diluted with 0.5ml normal saline dilution and group D10 consist of 10Î¼g Dexmedetomidine + 0.5% bupivacaine 10 mg (2ml) with 0.5 ml normal saline dilution, total 2.5 ml dose in each group. The duration of block and regression was evaluated. Results: The study showed significant differences in sensory and motor block to reach T10 and Bromage 3 respectively. Patients who were assigned in Group D reported short onset of sensory to reach T10 (5.4±1.17) and motor to reach Bromage 3 (10.4±1.03) as compared to Group N (9.9±2.12 and 17±22) respectively. Participants of Group D required rescue analgesia in less amount throughout intervals as compare to group N. Conclusion: The usage of 10ug Dexmedetomidine adjuvant with 0.5% bupivacaine significantly reduced the onset on sensory T10 and motor Bromage 3 and also prolong duration of sensory and motor regression, moreover minimal adverse effects and less use of rescue analgesic drugs were observed.
RELIABILITY OF ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM IN COMPARISON TO LATERAL CEPHALOGRAM FOR LINEAR MANDIBULAR MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Asma Faryal  , Attiya Shaikh  
Published: November 2022

Background: Mandibular asymmetries are commonly seen as asymmetric traits among orthodontic and orthognathic patients which require bilateral mandibular assessment for diagnosis and treatment. An orthopantomogram can be used to measure and compare right and left sides of mandible. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of left and right sides of orthopantomogram for determining the linear mandibular measurements and to check whether these values are identical with the values of linear mandibular measurements determined from lateral cephalogram. Methods: Orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram were taken from 118 patients of age group 12-35 years from Orthodontic department, Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry and Darul Sehat Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Linear mandibular measurements were detected and compared between orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms. Right and the left sides of orthopantomograms were compared for all of the linear mandibular parameters by using paired t-test. Independent sample t-test was performed for the comparison between orthopantomogram and lateral cephalogram using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when orthopantomograms were compared with lateral cephalograms for mandibular body length (p=0.000) and total mandibular length (p=0.000). No statistically significant difference was found between orthopantomograms and lateral cephalograms for ramus height (p=0.226, p=0.177). Neither any significant difference was observed between right and left sides of an orthopantomogram. Conclusion: An orthopantomogram can be used to evaluate vertical mandibular measurements as reliably as a lateral cephalogram. However, it is required for clinicians to be vigilant when determining horizontal mandibular measurements from orthopantomograms as they are unpredictable.
RECURRENT HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN AN OLDER INDIVIDUAL WITH COVID-19
Authors: Usman Tayyabah , Shahnoor Ahmed  , Saniya Sabzwari  
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as a deadly pandemic overburdening healthcare system globally. While people of all ages were affected, the older population has faced disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality, likely due to altered immune responses and pre-existing comorbid conditions like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary and kidney disease. Clinical manifestations in older patients may also be atypical with absence of fever, increased chances of acute confusion and longer recovery times. While other parameters of disease severity have been found, poor glycaemic control is another indicator of severity in COVID 19 infection. Moreover, older patients with diabetes mellitus are also at risk of hypoglycaemia which increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, progression of dementia, falls, emergency department visits and hospitalization. Here we share a case of an older man with COVID-19 infection who presented primarily with recurrent hypoglycaemia and weakness. This case also highlights the social impact of an infection that has decimated support systems for vulnerable older adults.
RESPONSE TO IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY IN PATIENTS OF ACQUIRED APLASTIC ANAEMIA: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
Authors: Maryam Khan  , Raheel Iftikhar  , Qamar un Nisa Chaudhry  , Syed Kamran Mehmood  , Tehniat Faraz  , Tariq Ghafoor  , Nighat Shahbaz  , Mehreen Ali Khan  , Ghassan Umair Shamshad  , Tariq Azam Khattak  
Published: November 2022

Background: Aplastic Anaemia (AA) is characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow. Immunosuppressive therapy (IST) SHOWS impressive haematological response; however, risk of relapse and clonal evolution persists. The objective of the study is to assess response to IST in patients with aplastic anaemia. Methods: A retrospective single centre study at AFBMTC / NIBMT for patients of acquired AA was conducted from January 2005 to December 2019.Inclusion criteria included diagnosed cases of acquired AA receiving IST for at least 12 weeks and age >2 years. IST included cyclosporine (CsA) alone, CsA + androgens, CsA + rabbit anti thymocyte globulin (rATG), CsA + horse anti thymocyte globulin (hATG). Primary outcome measure was response to IST; secondary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 513 patients received IST. Median age was 23 years (range 2-97 years). In study cohort, 155 (30.2%) patients responded to the IST, 63 (12.3%) achieved complete response (CR) while 92 (17.9%) achieved partial response (PR). The ORR of CsA in NSAA, SAA and VSAA was 52.6%, 28.10% and 10% respectively; whereas ORR of CsA + rATG in NSAA, SAA and VSAA was 50%, 35.1% and 22.5% respectively. OS was 38% at a median follow up of 36 months. There was a significant difference in the survival distributions of different treatment modalities (p=0.016). Median survival time 60 months (CsA), 9 months (CsA+ androgens) and 39 months (CsA+ rATG/hATG.) Conclusion: In resource constrained settings, single agent CsA remains a reasonable alternative with modest activity and acceptable side effect profile.
Een genealogie van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar complottheorieën
Authors: Simons Massimiliano 
Published: November 2022

A genealogy of scientific research on conspiracy theories
This article takes the scientific study of conspiracy theories itself as an object of inquiry. It looks at the three main frameworks to look at conspiracy theories: a psychological, epistemological and a sociological approach. These different approaches exist somewhat separately and often do not get along. The central claim that follows from a genealogy of these research programs is that the conflicts between these different approaches should be understood not merely as disagreements about how the world works, but as a fundamental disagreement about the underlying diagnosis of what is at stake in conspiracy theories. In other words, the conflicts stem in part from political differences, not merely empirical ones. The purpose of this article is to bring these different diagnoses back into dialogue with each other and to point out that despite their differences, they also have something in common: a concern about the state of contemporary democratic institutions. Depending on which project one subscribes to, conspiracy thinking will appear either as the cause or the solution of these democratic concerns.
Synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen using a compo-site cathode based on La0.6Ba0.4Fe0.8Cu0.2O3-δ-Ce0.8Gd0.18Ca0.02O2-δ
Authors: Amar Ibrahim 
Published: November 2022

Carbon-free electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a promising technology for CO2 emission reduction. This study aims to explore the electrocatalytic activity of A-site Ba-doped perovskite cathode catalyst (La0.6Ba0.4Fe0.8Cu0.2O3-δ, LBFCu) for ammonia synthesis from water and nitrogen. LBFCu was prepared via the sol-gel method using combined EDTA-citrate complexing agents and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ammonia was successfully synthesised from water and nitrogen under atmospheric pressure, and LBFCu mixed with Ce0.8Gd0.18Ca0.02O2-δ (CGDC) was used as a cathode. When a voltage was applied to the cell containing CGDC-carbonate composite solid electrolyte, ammonia formation was observed at 375, 400, 425 and 450 °C. At 400 °C and 1.4 V, the maximum rate of ammonia production was achieved at 4.0×10-11 mol s-1 cm-2, which corresponds to Faradaic efficiency of ~ 0.06 % at the current density of 19 mA cm-2. According to the findings, the synthesis of ammonia directly from water and nitrogen may be considered a promising green synthesis technology.
Libro tratado "El estómago"
Authors: Landazábal Bernal Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: November 2022

FRAGMENTO
La palabra estómago surge del vocablo latino stomăchus y este, a su vez, del griego στόμαχος (stómachos), que parece provenir de la raíz indoeuropea stomen, que significa ‘boca’. En español, dicho término define uno de los órganos más interesantes del cuerpo humano, fundamental en los procesos de digestión e, incluso, se le atribuyen algunos de absorción. Tiene una cualidad como la de brindar satisfacción, o sea, la sensación de bienestar cuando se sacia la necesidad de comer y se anula la percepción de hambre. Para todos los que tratamos las diferentes patologías digestivas, el estómago ocupa un espacio importante de nuestra actividad médica, y en nuestro medio es aún más importante, ya que actualmente es también la primera causa de mortalidad por cáncer en Colombia.
Estamos en una época de la vida en la que valoramos mucho la experiencia obtenida por cerca de 35 años de ejercicio profesional, durante los cuales aprendimos, disfrutamos y sufrimos junto con nuestros pacientes, profesores, colegas y alumnos, en la medida en que entendimos que lo último no siempre es lo mejor, que efectivamente las cosas evolucionan y que nos tenemos que adaptar a los cambios.
Académico honorario. Eduardo Gaitán Marulanda
Authors: Jácome Roca Alfredo 
Published: November 2022

FRAGMENTO.
El académico honorario Eduardo Gaitán Marulanda (1933 - 2021) se graduó Summa Cum Laude de médico en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en 1954 y se especializó en Medicina Interna y Endocrinología en la Universidad de Tulane en New Orleans. Durante este tiempo investigó sobre las hormonas de la neurohipófisis. En 1962 regresó a Cali, Colombia, para dirigir la sección de endocrinología en el Hospital Universitario Evaristo García, donde se formaron y trabajaron importantes endocrinólogos del país, en la mejor época de la Universidad del Valle, con apoyo de la Fundación Rockfeller, del programa Tulane Colombia y de otras fundaciones. Ocupó la Cátedra de Endocrinología en la Universidad del Valle entre 1960 y 1975, donde se distinguió por sus investigaciones sobre mecanismo de acción de las hormonas de la hipófisis posterior y, particularmente, por el descubrimiento de los bociógenos naturales en las aguas de consumo humano como causa coadyuvante de la endemia bociosa, trabajos inicialmente llevados a cabo en la localidad de Candelaria y extendidos después al Valle de Sibundoy y a numerosas poblaciones del occidente colombiano. Su interés investigativo cambió al campo de la glándula tiroides, interés que continuó por el resto de su vida. Su trabajo más importante en esta etapa fue Caracterización química, geoquímica y biológica de los bociógenos naturales del agua. Fue publicado en el exterior y presentado en diversos congresos interna1 Editor Emérito Revista MEDICINA. cionales. Posteriormente fue elegido presidente de la Sociedad Colombiana de Endocrinología, cargo en el que tuve el honor de sucederlo. Desde 1975 el doctor Gaitán residió en los Estados Unidos; allí fue Profesor Titular de su especialidad en las Universidades de Alabama y de Mississippi.
Trust Relationship of Patients with The Dentist and The Hospital
Authors: FAKİ Süleyman , FAKİ Süleyman 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
In this study, it was aimed to determine the level of trust in the physician of the patients who applied to the dental clinic and to reveal whether this level shows a statistically significant difference according to socio-demographic and other characteristics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research consists of patients who applied to the dentistry clinic in Antalya province between May 25 and June 10, 2022. No sampling selection was made in the study, and data were collected from 311 patients in this context.

RESULTS
According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the trust level of the patients to the physician was high (3.78 / 5.00). The level of trust in the physician and the ownership status of the health board were statistically significant but there was no statistically significant difference according to other characteristics (age, gender, income and employment status) except income status (p
UTILIZING ROOTS AND PATTERNS TO IDENTIFY ARABIC NAMED ENTITIES
Authors: AHMED ABDULMONEM , HANÇRLİOĞULLARI AYBABA , TOSUN ALİ RIZA 
Published: November 2022

Named Entity Recognition NER is a subset of information extraction that seeks to recognize and categorize named things in text data into specified categories, such as people's names, organizations' names, geographic locations, and so on. This task has recently attracted a lot of attention due to the discovery it has the potential to boost the performance of a variety of NLP applications. In the domains of Question Answering and Summarization Systems, Information Retrieval and Extraction, Machine Translation, Video Annotation, Semantic Web Search, and Bioinformatics, the majority of difficulties require named entity recognition. Arabic is an inflectional language, which allows for non-concatenative morphological operations on the root. The purpose of this study is to extract and recognize entity names from Arabic articles. We proposed an algorithm for determining names from roots using patterns. We developed it in Python and leveraged the "pyqt5" visual package to see the results immediately, as well as modify and add patterns easily. To replicate the names, we used a random sample of 400 names and 45 different patterns. The algorithm correctly identified 370 names easily and quickly, yielding a success rate of 93%. All names with the same recognized names will be known in the same way by the method and do not need any manipulation in code or design. The names that are not recognized by our algorithm have no roots in the list of known Arabic roots. Our research shows that the approach can recognize names with roots with high speed and accuracy, but it is not possible to identify nouns that are not in the Arabic language using this method. As a result, we recommend using a hybrid method that incorporates multiple concepts.
STATUS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN MAJOR RIVERS OF KERALA, SOUTH INDIA – A REVIEW
Authors: MATHEW SOJOMON , RADHIKA R. 
Published: November 2022

In the past few years, rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to an enormous increase in the amount of industrial waste generated, including heavy metals. Metal contaminants are usually found in a variety of sources, including soils, sediments and water. Rivers are the major source of fresh water for drinking, domestic needs, irrigation, industries etc. Kerala is home to 44 rivers, most of which are now polluted to a great extent due to anthropogenic activities. This manuscript reviews the research work on the heavy metal status of 10 rivers in Kerala. The levels of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) etc. are increasing substantially in rivers of Kerala. Heavy metals cause irrevocable damage to the biota, when they are transferred from water bodies to the food chain via assimilation, bioaccumulation and biomethylation processes.
Kadın, Aşk ve Sihir. Heinrich von Veldeke’nin Eneas Romanında Bakışma Metaforu
Authors: TEKİN Habib 
Published: November 2022

Heinrich von Veldeke (doğum 1150 öncesi, vefat 1180-1200 arası) 12. yüzyılda yaşamış önemli Hollandalı-Alman yazarlardan biridir. Servatius efsanesi ve Eneas romanı, yazarın temel eserleri arasında yer almaktadır ve söz konusu yapıtlar günümüze kadar gelmeyi başarmıştır. İncelenecek eserlerden biri olan Eneas romanının en güçlü özelliklerinden biri Alman edebiyatında önemli bir yere sahip olan “erkeklerin, kale içerisinde yaşayan kadına yönelik duydukları aşktan” (höfische Minne) bahsediyor olmasıdır.
Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızın amacı, Eneas romanındaki Lavinia ve Dido ismindeki kadın karakterlerin, eserdeki Eneas isimli ana karaktere karşı olan aşklarını çözümlemek ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırmak olacaktır. Araştırmamızın metodolojik çerçevesini roman karakterleri arasında gelişen aşkın ilerleme bicimi, kadın figürlerinde baş gösteren aşk belirtileri ve birbirlerine yönelttikleri bakış metaforu oluşturacaktır. Bir diğer amacımız ise, orta çağda yaşanan bu aşkların, bahsi gecen bu iki kadın karakterin yaşamlarını ne yönde etkilediğini okura sunmak olacaktır. Orta çağ romanındaki aşkların betimlenmesi, biçimlenme süreci ve gelişimi, eser içinde yer alan birçok kesitte çözümlenerek açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Ek olarak Eneas romanında çözümlenen kısımlar, bugüne kadar ele alınmış araştırmalar ışığında irdelenecektir.
Inmunoterapia en cáncer de pulmón metastásico
Authors: Storino Jésica , Cerini Matías , Lupinacci Lorena , Specterman Sergio , Cayol Federico 
Published: November 2022

El cáncer de pulmón es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer en el mundo1. Más del 80% de los casos corresponden al subgrupo de carcinomas de pulmón de células no pequeñas (CPCNP)2. A pesar de que en los últimos años han aumentado las opciones terapéuticas para los subgrupos molecularmente seleccionados (ej.: mutación del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR), re arreglos de la quinasa del linfoma anaplásico (ALK), mutación ROS1, entre otros), estos tratamientos son inefectivos en aquellos sin estas alteraciones moleculares. Por lo que en estos pacientes la única opción posible era la quimioterapia, con una supervivencia global mediana menor de 18 meses en los ensayos clínicos3-5.
Recientemente, la inmunoterapia ha aparecido como una opción estándar de tratamiento, generando mejoría en la supervivencia global y calidad de vida6-12.
Los inhibidores de los puntos de control inmunitarios aprobados por la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT) para el tratamiento del CPCNP son contra el PD-1 (pembrolizumab y nivolumab) y el PD-L1 (atezolizumab y durvalumab).
Habitualmente, los factores que se utilizan para la elección del tratamiento en estos pacientes son la ausencia de mutaciones drivers, los tratamientos previos recibidos, los niveles de expresión de PD-L1, la extensión de enfermedad, la histología y el performance status, entre otros2.
A propósito de esto se revisó una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón metastásico tratados con inmunoterapia en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires durante el período 2013-2019.
Social security as a panacea to kidnapping in South-West Nigeria: A theoretical review
Authors: Oluwajenyo Fasoranti Olayiwola , Akporaro Abrifor Chiedu , Abdullahi Haruna Ishola 
Published: November 2022

There are various security challenges facing societies around the world. Kidnapping is one challenge that undermines peace and stability in the globe. Kidnapping leads to death of victims, bodily harm, loss of properties and worsening economic conditions. To tackle kidnapping, social security is one valuable measure put in place. However, social security is bedeviled with challenges like corruption, mismanagement, lack of political will, ethnicity, bad policy and programmes. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenges of social security and kidnapping in South-West, Nigeria. The study intends to fill the gap created by shortage of scholarly materials to explore challenges of social security and kidnapping in South-West Nigeria. The data were obtained secondarily through the content analysis of peer reviewed journals, edited textbooks, and credible online resources. It anchors on social control theory by Travis Hirsch. Findings revealed that corruption, lack of political will, ethnicity, religiosity and other challenges are working against social security drives to combat kidnapping in Nigeria. The paper recommends effective youth empowerment schemes to bring to the shore the potentials among the youths. This paper will be useful by improving knowledge on the social security and kidnapping, improve the extant literature on social security and kidnapping, the policy-makers, employment of labour, organized private sectors and researchers in the field of social and management sciences will find it beneficial.
Lifestyle factors associated with poor sleep quality among undergraduate dental students at a Malaysian private university
Authors: Hashim Hasnah , Ng Jiong Sen , Ngo Jin Xuan , Ng Yong Zhi , Aravindkumar Balaraman 
Published: November 2022

Objective The purpose of this study was to look into the associations between lifestyle factors, gender, clinical level, and sleep quality among undergraduate dental students at a private university in Malaysia.
Material and Methods A self-administered Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) scale and the lifestyle and habits questionnaire-brief (LHQ-B) were used in this cross-sectional study. A global PSQI score of greater than 5 indicates poor sleep quality. All university dental students were invited to take part. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.
Results A total of 338 students took part in the study, with a response rate of 90.4%. The proportion of females was higher (68.3 %) and more than half of the respondents (56.7 %) were in their clinical years. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 36.7%. At multivariable level, poor sleep quality was associated with being male (OR=1.72 [95% confidence interval (1.05, 2.83)] and engaging in an unhealthy lifestyle for psychological health (OR=2.64 [95% confidence interval (1.34, 5.21)] and nutrition (OR=2.48 [95% confidence interval (1.028, 4.82)].
Conclusion The prevalence of poor sleep quality among undergraduate dental students in our study was comparable to that found in other studies. Male students were more likely to have poor sleep quality than female students. Our findings indicate that poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5) may be linked to unhealthy lifestyle habits related to psychological health and nutrition. Health education that emphasizes these domains is essential for improving their lifestyle habits and sleep quality.