bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition in biceps femoris during different contraction modes
Authors: Presland Joel D. , Tofari Paul J. , Timmins Ryan G. , Kidgell Dawson J. , Opar David A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the test–retest reliability of a range of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) outcomes in the biceps femoris during isometric, eccentric and concentric contractions. Corticospinal excitability (active motor threshold 120% [AMT120%] and area under recruitment curve [AURC]), short‐ and long‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were assessed from the biceps femoris in 10 participants (age 26.3 ± 6.0 years; height 180.2 ± 6.6 cm, body mass 77.2 ± 8.0 kg) in three sessions. Single‐ and paired‐pulse stimuli were delivered under low‐level muscle activity (5% ± 2% of maximal isometric root mean squared surface electromyography [rmsEMG]) during isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions. Participants were provided visual feedback on their levels of rmsEMG during all contractions. Single‐pulse outcomes measured during isometric contractions (AURC, AMT110%, AMT120%, AMT130%, AMT150%, AMT170%) demonstrated fair to excellent reliability (ICC range, .51 to .92; CV%, 21% to 37%), whereas SICI, LICI and ICF demonstrated good to excellent reliability (ICC range, .62 to .80; CV%, 19 to 42%). Single‐pulse outcomes measured during concentric contractions demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC range, .75 to .96; CV%, 15% to 34%), whereas SICI, LICI and ICF demonstrated good to excellent reliability (ICC range, .65 to .76; CV%, 16% to 71%). Single‐pulse outcomes during eccentric contractions demonstrated fair to excellent reliability (ICC range, .56 to .96; CV%, 16% to 41%), whereas SICI, LICI and ICF demonstrated good to excellent (ICC range, .67 to .86; CV%, 20% to 42%). This study found that both single‐ and paired‐pulse TMS outcomes can be measured from the biceps femoris muscle across all contraction modes with fair to excellent reliability. However, coefficient of variation values were typically greater than the smallest worthwhile change which may make tracking physiological changes in these variables difficult without moderate to large effect sizes.
Ban‐1 Zircon: A New Natural Zircon Reference Material for LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS Zr and Hf Isotopic Determinations
Authors: Xie Jin‐Cheng , Zhu Di‐Cheng , Wang Qing , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Cong Feng , Nie Fei , Lu Ying‐Huai , Liu Li 
Published: November 2022

New zircon reference materials for in situ zircon radiogenic Hf isotope and stable Zr isotopic determinations made by laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) are required due to high data productivity and consequently high reference material consumption rate. This study examines a new natural zircon for Zr isotope ratios by double spike thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS), and for Hf isotopes by bulk solution nebuliser (SN)‐MC‐ICP‐MS with both Zr and Hf determined by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. A total of five zirconium isotope measurements from drilled zircons, determined by TIMS, yield a mean δ94/90ZrIPGP‐Zr value of ‐0.09 ± 0.06‰ (2s). Five and eight hafnium isotope measurements for powders from the drilled zircons and Ban‐1‐4 by SN‐MC‐ICP‐MS, yield mean 176Hf/177Hf ratios of 0.282985 ± 0.000011 (2s) and 0.282982 ± 0.000007 (2s), respectively. The mean δ94/90ZrIPGP‐Zr value and 176Hf/177Hf ratio determined by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analyses are ‐0.06 ± 0.09‰ (2s, n = 504) and 0.282985 ± 0.000035 (2s, n = 327), respectively. The isotopic homogeneities suggest that the Ban‐1 zircon is a suitable reference material for microbeam Zr and Hf isotopic measurements.
The Factor H protein family: The switchers of the complement alternative pathway
Authors: Lucientes‐Continente Laura , Márquez‐Tirado Bárbara , Goicoechea de Jorge Elena 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe factor H (FH) protein family is emerging as a complex network of proteins controlling the fate of the complement alternative pathway (AP) and dictating susceptibility to a wide range of diseases including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and degenerative diseases and cancer. Composed, in man, of seven highly related proteins, FH, factor H‐like 1, and 5 factor H‐related proteins, some of the FH family proteins are devoted to down‐regulating the AP, while others exert an opposite function by promoting AP activation. Recent findings have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms defining their biological roles and their pathogenicity, illustrating the relevance that the balance between the regulators and the activators within this protein family has in defining the outcome of complement activation on cell surfaces. In this review we will discuss the emerging roles of the factor H protein family, their impact in the complement cascade, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of complement‐mediated diseases associated with the AP dysregulation.
What aspects of counting help infants attend to numerosity?
Authors: Wang Jinjing (Jenny) , Feigenson Lisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent work shows that 18‐month old infants understand that counting is numerically relevant—infants who see objects counted are more likely to represent the approximate number of objects in the array than infants who see the objects labeled but not counted. Which aspects of counting signal infants to attend to numerosity in this way? Here we asked whether infants rely on familiarity with the count words in their native language, or on procedures instantiated by the counting routine, independent of specific tokens. In three experiments (N = 48), we found that 18‐month old infants from English‐speaking households successfully distinguished four hidden objects from two when the objects were counted correctly, regardless of their familiarity with the count words (i.e., when objects were counted in familiar English and in unfamiliar German). However, when the objects were counted using familiar English count words in ways that violated basic counting principles, infants no longer represented the arrays, failing to distinguish four hidden objects from two. Together with previous findings, these results suggest that children may link the procedure of counting with numerosity years before they learn the meanings of the count words.
Investigating the causal effect of cognition on the self‐reported loss of functional dentition using marginal structural models: The Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly study
Authors: Peres Marco A. , Peres Karen G. , Chan Angelique , Wu Bei , Mittinty Murthy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of cognition on the loss of functional dentition.Materials and MethodsWe used data from the three waves of the Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly study (n = 4990 at baseline, 774 complete cases analysed) over 6 years (2009–2015). The outcome was the loss of functional dentition (<21 teeth). The exposure was cognitive impairment, while baseline confounders included age, sex, education, and ethnicity. Time‐varying confounders included income, living arrangements, smoking, diabetes, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and body mass index. We used marginal structural mean models with inverse probability treatment weighted.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 70.2 years at baseline. The proportion of participants with loss of functional dentition increased from 74.6% to 89.9% over 6 years. Women, ethnic Chinese, less educated, smokers, people with diabetes, and individuals with depression had a higher proportion of loss of functional dentition than their counterparts. Loss of functional dentition was 1.8 times higher (odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval 0.88–3.69) among those with cognitive impairment after taking well‐known confounders into account.ConclusionsAfter accounting for the time‐varying exposure and confounding evidence, the association between cognition and functional dentition among the elderly in Singapore remains uncertain.
Prevalence and implications of type D personality in patients with alopecia areata: A marker of quality‐of‐life impairment and mood status disturbances, a comparative study
Authors: Sánchez‐Díaz Manuel , Montero‐Vílchez Trinidad , Cuenca‐Barrales Carlos , Molina‐Leyva Alejandro , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionDistressed personality (or Type D personality, TDp) is a personality trait that has been associated with poor quality of life in patients suffering from a variety of skin diseases such as psoriasis or urticaria. To date the potential association between Alopecia areata (AA) and TDp has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of TDp between patients with AA and controls, and to analyse the impact of TDp on patients with AA regarding mood status disturbances, quality of life and sexuality.MethodsCross‐sectional study includes patients suffering from mild‐to‐severe AA and sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. Socio‐demographic and clinical variables, quality of life, sexual disfunction, anxiety, depression and TDp were collected using validated questionnaires.ResultsA total of 120 participants (60 patients and 60 controls) were included. Patients with AA showed higher prevalence of TDp than controls (35% vs. 15% p = 0.01), as well as higher rates of anxiety, depression and sexual dysfunction (p < 0.05). TDp was found to be linked to disease severity (p = 0.04), anxiety and depression scores (p < 0.001) and worse quality of life (p = 0.001). No relationship was found between TDp and sexual dysfunction.DiscussionType D personality prevalence is higher in patients with AA than in controls. It is associated with higher rates of anxiety, depression and worse quality of life. Screening for this type of personality could be useful to detect patients who could benefit from additional psychological support as a complement to their medical treatment.
Privileged dependence, precarious autonomy: Parent/young adult relationships through the lens of COVID‐19
Authors: van Stee Elena G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article identifies how social class differences in undergraduates' relationships with their parents shaped their responses to educational disruptions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe mechanisms through which parents transmit class advantages to children are often hidden from view and therefore remain imperfectly understood. This study uses the case of the COVID‐19 pandemic to examine how young adults from different social class backgrounds expect, negotiate, and attach meaning to parental support.MethodsThis study draws from in‐depth interviews with 48 Black and White upper‐middle and working‐class undergraduates from a single elite university, along with 10 of their mothers.ResultsFacing pandemic‐related disruptions, upper‐middle‐class students typically sought substantial direction and material assistance from parents. In contrast, working‐class students typically assumed more responsibility for their own—and sometimes other family members'—well‐being. These classed patterns of “privileged dependence” and “precarious autonomy” were shaped by students' understandings of family members' authority, needs, and responsibilities.ConclusionUpper‐middle‐class students' greater dependence on parents functioned as a protective force, enabling them to benefit from parents' material and academic support during the transition to remote instruction. These short‐term protections may yield long‐term payoffs denied their working‐class peers. Beyond the immediate context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the concepts of “privileged dependence” and “precarious autonomy” offer scholars a set of theoretical tools for understanding class inequality in other young adult contexts.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells are associated with oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kouketsu Atsumu , Haruka Saito , Kuroda Kanako , Hitoshi Miyashita , Kensuke Yamauchi , Tsuyoshi Sugiura , Takahashi Tetsu , Hiroyuki Kumamoto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) help establish the tumor microenvironment by suppressing T‐cell response in tumor‐bearing hosts. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) activate antigen‐specific T cells, thereby, maximizing their antitumor effects. IDO1 is associated with both MDSCs and pDCs and plays a major role in the formation of the tumor‐mediated immunosuppressive environment. We utilized immunohistochemistry to examine the involvement of IDO1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs, precancerous lesions). We examined the expression of MDSC markers, CD11b and CD33, as well as pDC markers, CD303 and IDO1, in 60 OSCC and 45 precancerous lesion specimens and analyzed their association with clinicopathological parameters. Expression of these biomarkers identifying MDSCs and pDCs was high in precancerous lesions in patients with severe dysplasia and OSCC. While detecting pDCs, high CD303 and IDO1 expression levels were frequently observed in moderately or poorly differentiated OSCCs. CD11b, CD33, and CD303 levels were significantly correlated with the mode of invasion; CD33 was correlated with OSCC invasion depth while the other three markers tended to be highly expressed in superficial cancer cases showing microinvasion. Expression levels of all four biomarkers were significantly associated with the cancerization of OPMDs to OSCCs. We show, for the first time, that the infiltration of MDSCs and pDCs is significantly associated with progression of premalignant lesions to OSCC. This suggests that these cells may act as prognostic biomarkers for premalignant lesion progression and that immunotherapeutic approaches that control each of these immunosuppressive cells may protect against progression to malignancy.
UPLC‐MS‐based plasma metabolomics for identifying energy metabolism biomarkers of maintenance in growing pigs
Authors: Liu Hu , Liu Dewen , Wang Wenhui , Jiang Zhaoning , Ma Xi , Wang Fenglai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the potential plasma metabolism biomarkers reflecting the maintenance status of growing pigs. The repeated measurement design was used in this experiment, and six barrows (28.6 ± 0.5 kg BW) were selected and kept in metabolism crates. The feeding level in growing pigs close to ad libitum was 2400 kJ ME/kg BW0.6·day−1 during Day 1 to Day 7, while a feeding level of 782 kJ ME/kg BW0.6·day−1 was provided as energy requirement for maintenance during Day 8 to Day 14. Plasma samples of each pig were collected from the anterior vena cava on the morning of Day 8 and Day 15. The metabolites of plasma were determined by high‐resolution mass spectrometry using a metabolomics approach. Results showed that metabolomics analysis between ad libitum‐fed state and maintained status revealed differences in 16 compounds. Identified compounds were enriched in metabolic pathways related to linoleic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. In conclusion, linoleic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamic acid metabolism pathways played a major regulatory role in the maintenance status of growing pigs. The potential metabolism biomarkers of maintenance in growing pigs were linoleic acid, glutamine and tyrosine.
Antibodies as drugs—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Hayday Adrian C. , Wiltshire Timothy D. , Mousa Jarrod J. , Humphreys David P. , Breij Esther C. W. , Bruhns Pierre , Broketa Matteo , Furuya Genta , Hauser Blake M. , Mahévas Matthieu , Carfi Andrea , Cantaert Tineke , Kwong Peter D. , Tripathi Prabhanshu , Davis Jonathan H. , Brewis Neil , Keyt Bruce A. , Fennemann Felix L. , Dussupt Vincent , Sivasubramanian Arvind , Kim Philip M. , Rawi Reda , Richardson Eve , Leventhal Daniel , Wolters Rachael M. , Geuijen Cecile A. W. , Sleeman Matthew A. , Pengo Niccolo , Donnellan Francesca Rose 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTherapeutic antibodies have broad indications across diverse disease states, such as oncology, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. New research continues to identify antibodies with therapeutic potential as well as methods to improve upon endogenous antibodies and to design antibodies de novo. On April 27–30, 2022, experts in antibody research across academia and industry met for the Keystone symposium “Antibodies as Drugs” to present the state‐of‐the‐art in antibody therapeutics, repertoires and deep learning, bispecific antibodies, and engineering.
Supporting the spirituality of older people living with dementia in nursing care: A hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry into older people's and their family members' experiences
Authors: Toivonen Kristiina , Charalambous Andreas , Suhonen Riitta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSupporting spirituality is an essential aspect of the holistic nursing care of older people living with dementia. Spirituality is defined as a search for answers to questions about the meaning and purpose of life and the individual's relationship with the sacred or transcendent. This relationship may or may not involve an affiliation with a specific religion.ObjectiveTo understand how older people living with dementia and their family members experience spirituality and its support in nursing care.DesignA qualitative study informed by the principles of Ricoeurian hermeneutic phenomenology.SettingsWe conducted the study in home care and long‐term care settings in Southern Finland.ParticipantsWe collected data between 2017–2020 from a purposive sample of 10 older people living with dementia and their 9 family members (n = 19).MethodsWe used interviews to collect data and adapted and used Ricoeur's theory of interpretation as a method for analysis.ResultsThe findings of this study show that older people living with dementia need spiritual support in nursing care based on their personal understanding of spirituality. The four elements of this spirituality that emerged were: religion, meaningful relationships, nature, and art. The participants addressed some challenges to spiritual support in the nursing care of older people living with dementia including: the competence and abilities of nursing, time available, presence and experience.ConclusionsOlder people living with dementia and their family members consider spiritual support an important aspect of nursing care. To support the spirituality of these older people, the elements of spirituality need to be understood as these are central to each person's spiritual position. Additionally, spiritual support requires understanding knowledge, experience, time and presence, to manage all four elements with individuals.
RETRACTED: High consumption of whole grain foods decreases the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Framingham Offspring Cohort
Authors: Wang Kanran , Tang Weimin , Hao Xingchen , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2022

AimsTo examine the longitudinal associations between total and individual whole grain (WG) food intake and the risk of all‐cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia.MethodsThis study included 2958 subjects (mean age at baseline was 61 ± 9 years) from the Framingham Offspring Cohort. Standardized interviews, physician examinations, and laboratory tests were collected approximately every 4 years, and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted in cycle 5. Proportional hazards models and cubic spline regression examined associations between WG foods and all‐cause dementia and AD dementia.ResultsOver an average of 12.6 years of follow‐up, there were 322 dementia cases, of which 247 were AD dementia. After multivariate and dietary adjustments, individuals with the highest category for total WG food consumption had a lower risk of all‐cause dementia [HR 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.81] and AD dementia (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.78) than individuals with the lowest category. The results remained comparable in different subgroups stratifying for age, sex, education, body mass index, and smoking status without significant interaction. Moreover, these inverse associations were seen for most individual WG foods except popcorn. A nonlinear dose–response association was shown between total WG intake and all‐cause dementia and AD dementia, where the rate reduction slightly plateaued at more than one and two servings/day, respectively.ConclusionsHigher consumption of total and several common individual WG foods was strongly associated with a lower risk of all‐cause dementia and AD dementia.
Population Redistribution Trends in Nonmetropolitan America, 2010 to 2021☆
Authors: Johnson Kenneth M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGiven the turbulent conditions of the early 21st century and the release of data from the 2020 Census, it is an appropriate time to examine contemporary population redistribution trends in nonmetropolitan America. Analysis centers on the major demographic components of population change: migration; and natural increase. The analysis demonstrates that the turbulent economic, social, and now epidemiological conditions of recent years altered traditional demographic trends in nonmetropolitan America. For the first time in history, nonmetropolitan America lost population between 2010 and 2020 because of shifts in migration trends and diminishing natural increase. In contrast, post‐censal population estimates suggest that nonmetropolitan population gains exceeded those in metropolitan areas for the first time in 50 years between 2020 and 2021. The recent widespread nonmetropolitan population increases are the result of substantial net migration gains that offset the growing natural decrease fostered by COVID‐19. Sustained net migration gains in nonmetro areas provides a demographic lifeline to many counties that would otherwise face depopulation because of accelerating natural decrease. Whether these migration patterns can be sustained remains to be seen.
Real‐time wrinkle evaluation method using Visual Illusion‐based image feature enhancement System
Authors: Fujino Saori , Iwanaga Tetsuro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral advanced methods for evaluating wrinkles are currently available, however, with limitations in their application because wrinkle structures change in response to facial expressions and surrounding environments. A Visual Illusion‐based image feature enhancement System (VIS) was used to develop a real‐time evaluation method.ObjectivesThis study expands the VIS application into the wrinkle evaluation method by adjusting VIS to evaluate facial wrinkles, evaluating the age‐dependent wrinkles, and validating it for real‐time wrinkle evaluation.MethodsWrinkles in various Japanese men and women were evaluated using VIS and the current methods. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an eye cream containing niacinamide was evaluated before and after the 4‐week treatment.ResultsVIS qualitatively detects even fine wrinkles and numerically records them without any special instrument. Moreover, VIS can be applied to moving images, revealing the effectiveness of the antiwrinkle formulation qualitatively and quantitatively even when the subjects are smiling.ConclusionThis paper presents an epoch‐making wrinkle evaluation method that is qualitative and quantitative, with high sensitivity in real‐time and relies solely on digital images without any difficulties. Therefore, these results imply that this method enables the wrinkle evaluation under real‐life conditions.