bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic analysis of bakanae disease resistant and susceptible rice genotypes in response to infection by Fusarium fujikuroi
Authors: Bashyal Bishnu Maya , Rawat Kirti , Parmar Pooja , Gupta Ashish Kumar , Gupta Sangeeta , Krishnanan S Gopala , Choudhary Ravish , Ercisli Sezai , Kovacevic Antonija , Aggarwal Rashmi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae is one of the most significant pathogen of rice and much responsible for yield losses thereby emerging as a major risk to food security.Methods In the present study transcriptomic analysis was conducted between two contrasting resistant (C101A51) and susceptible (Rasi) genotypes of rice with the combinations of C101A51 control (CC) vs C101A51 inoculated (CI); Rasi control (RC) vs Rasi inoculated (RI) and C101A51 inoculated (CI) vs Rasi inoculated (RI). Results In CC vs CI commonly expressed genes were 12,764. Out of them 567 (4%) were significantly upregulated and 1399 (9%) genes were down regulated. For the RC vs RI 14, 333 (79%) genes were commonly expressed. For CI vs RI 13,662 (72%) genes commonly expressed. Cysteine proteinase inhibitor 10, disease resistance protein TAO1-like, oleosin 16 kDa-like, pathogenesis-related protein (PR1), (PR4), BTB/POZ and MATH domain-containing protein 5-like, alpha-amylase isozyme 3D-like (LOC4345814), were upregulated in resistant genotype C101A51. Whereas, GDSL esterase/lipase At5g33370, serine glyoxylate aminotransferase, CASP-like protein 2C1, WAT1-related protein At4g08290, Cytoplasmic linker associated proteins, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein and β-D xylosidase 7 were upregulated in susceptible genotype Rasi. Gene ontology analysis showed functions related to defence response (GO:0006952), regulation of plant hypersensitive type response (GO:0010363), Potassium ion transmembrane activity (GO:0015079), chloroplast (GO:0009507), response to wounding (GO:0009611), xylan biosynthetic process (GO:0045492) were upregulated in resistant genotype C101A51 under inoculated conditions.Conclusions Real time PCR based validation of the selected DEGs showed that the qRT-PCR was consistent with the RNA-Seq results. This is the first transcriptomic study against bakanae disease of rice in Indian genotypes and will be helpful for the development of bakanae management strategies.
An algorithm based on quasi critical path strategy for exchanging adjacent parallel processes of the same device
Authors: xiaohuan Zhang , zhen Wang , dan Zhang , tao Xu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the defect that quasi critical path algorithm can't take into account both vertical scheduling and horizontal scheduling when scheduling products, this paper proposes an algorithm based on quasi critical path strategy for exchanging adjacent parallel processes of the same device. The algorithm takes the scheduling scheme formed by the quasi critical path strategy as the basic scheduling scheme, proposes and applies the adjacent parallel processes interchange strategy and the adjacent parallel processes adjustment strategy, generates several new product scheduling schemes, and adds them to the product scheduling scheme set. Finally, according to the optimal product scheduling scheme selection strategy, the product scheduling scheme with the minimum total processing time is selected as the final scheduling scheme. The proposed algorithm ensures the compactness of the serial processes, improves the parallel processing of the parallel processes, and optimizes the scheduling results.
Automatic Brain Cancer Classification in MRI Images Based On Ensemble Light Weight Deep Learning Network
Authors: A Jayachandran , Khan N. Zafar Ali , Perumal Sudarson Rama 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The brain tumor is one of the deadliest cancerous diseases and its severity has turned it to the leading cause of cancer related mortality. Automatic detection and classification of severity-level for a brain tumor using MRI is a complex process in multilevel classification and needs an improved learning method without computational complexity. In this research article, we propose a new encoder decoder model, which combines nested connection and efficient attention mechanism. The structure of the model consists of encoder, decoder and skip connection. By introducing the DropBlock regularization strategy, the local semantic information can be discarded more effectively to motivate the network to learn more robust and effective features. Efficient attention module uses appropriate cross channel interaction to capture richer global information. In the skip connection part, the nested connection strategy is adopted to effectively fuse the feature maps gathered from the intermediate decoder and the original feature maps from the encoder, which makes up for the semantic gap caused by direct simple connection. Finally, data augmentation is performed on the original image to improve the robustness and prevent the over-fitting problem caused by insufficient data. The proposed method is evaluated on different evaluation metrics such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The experimental results show that this method shows the most competitive performance.
Risk factors for nasal polyps, a case-control study
Authors: Shoaib Salwan , Yaghi Ameer , Kahal Fares , Kadri Saeed , Nahas Louei Darjazini 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background : Nasal polyposis is considered one of the most common diseases that cause obstruction of the respiratory tract and impede the patient's quality of life.Aims : The aim is to determine if smoking and body mass index are risk factors for hyperplastic nasal polyps in patients with chronic obstructive rhinitis and allergic rhinitis, and thus conducting early diagnostic investigations to detect the disease early and limit its development.Methods : A cross-sectional case control study was conducted that includes patients who came to Damascus Hospital with complaints of chronic obstruction of the nose and chronic allergies that doesn’t respond to conventional treatments and who met the entry criteria and patients from ENT Division without symptoms of obstructive respiratory tracts .Results : 120 patients were included in the study and were distributed as follows: 60 patients with nasal polyps and 60 patients without nasal polyps. The arithmetic mean of age in the group of cases was 31 ± 16.7 years, while in the controls 32.2 ± 18.3, the BMI value was expressed as the arithmetic mean and it was 30.5 ± 4.16 years, while in the controls 23.6 ± 4.30, and the sex ratio was equal between cases and controls with A statistically non-significant value p = 1.000, while the proportion of smokers in cases was 70%, while in controls 37%, with a statistically significant value p = 0.0003.Conclusion : Smoking and body mass index had a statistically significant relation with the development of nasal polyposis.
Blocking TIGIT/CD155 Signal Reverses CD8+T Cell Exhaustion and Enhances the Anti-Tumor Ability of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Liu Lu , wang aihong , Liu Xiaoli , Han Sai , Sun Yu , Zhang Junhua , Guo Lingyu , zhang youzhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective：TIGIT/CD155 has attracted widespread attention as a new immune checkpoint and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. In our study, we evaluated the role of TIGIT/CD155 checkpoints in the progression of cervical cancer.Methods. Detect the expression of CD155 and TIGIT in cervical cancer tissues by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling. In vivo and in vitro experiments have proved that blocking TIGIT/CD155 restores the ability of CD8+T cells to produce cytokines.Methods.：Detect the expression of CD155 and TIGIT in cervical cancer tissues by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression profiling. In vivo and in vitro experiments have proved that blocking TIGIT/CD155 restores the ability of CD8+T cells to produce cytokines.Changes in NF-κB and ERK pathways detected by western blot (WB) after blocking TIGIT/CD155 signalingResults：We found that the expression of TIGIT is elevated in patients with cervical cancer. The high expression of TIGIT in CD8+T lymphocytes of cervical cancer patients promotes the failure of CD8+T lymphocytes. In addition, CD155 is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and negatively correlated with the infiltration level of CD8+ T cells. We showed that phosphorylated TIGIT binds to CD155 to inhibit NF-κB and ERK activation by recruiting SHIP-1, leading to down-regulation of cytokine production. Inactivated CD8+T cells, after blocking TIGIT, the inhibitory effect of SHIP-1 on CD8+T cells is weakened, and the activation of NF-κB and ERK is enhanced. In vivo and in vitro experiments have proved that blocking TIGIT/CD155 restores the ability of CD8+T cells to produce cytokines. Injecting blocking antibody TIGIT in vivo could inhibit tumor growth and promote CD8+T lymphocyte function. Combining blocking TIGIT and PD-1 further increased the effect of the blocking antibody TIGIT. Conclusions：Our research shows that TIGIT/CD155 is a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
Risk factors for stroke recurrence in patients with hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Ong Cheung-Ter , Wong Yi-Sin , Tsai Ching-Fang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe risk factors for recurrence of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are inconclusive. This study was designed to investigate the risk factors for stroke recurrence in patients with ICH. MethodsThis population-based case-cohort study analyzed the data obtained from a randomized sample of 2 million subjects in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The survival of patients with hemorrhagic stroke from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2013 was included in the study. ResultsDuring the 5-year follow-up period, the recurrence rate of stroke was 12.2% (6.88% hemorrhagic stroke, 5.24% ischemic stroke). The recurrence rate of stroke was 14.2% in the without antiplatelet group and 7.9% in the antiplatelet group. The risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke were age (odds ratio [OR], 2.48), hypertension (OR: 2.24), atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.87), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.41), and ischemic stroke history (OR: 1.56). The risk factors for ischemic stroke were age (OR: 2.57), hypertension (OR: 2.23), atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.87), cardiovascular disease (OR: 1.42), and ischemic stroke history (OR: 1.6). ConclusionThe risk factors of stroke recurrence were age, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic stroke history. Antiplatelet therapy may help prevent the recurrence of stroke.
Raising The Curtain On The “Equality Theatre” In Recruitment To The Healthcare Workforce
Authors: Hammond John , Davies Nigel , Morrow Elizabeth M , Ross Fiona , Vandrevala Tushna , Harris Ruth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In the UK National Health Service (NHS) provider organisations are mandated to assure racial equality in job appointments and career opportunities. However, recruitment continues to discriminate against ethnically diverse candidates (British and overseas) and NHS providers are failing to attain the many benefits associated with an ethnically diverse workforce. Aim: To explore the extent to which an employer-led open market recruitment approach to first jobs in nursing and the allied health professions is perpetuating racial inequality.Methods: Survey data from newly qualifying students and qualitative interviews with 12 clinical recruiting managers in 2 NHS trusts. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews used a non-judgemental approach. A conceptual lens was developed, a healthcare workforce diversity lens, to explore racial equality issues by drawing on structured searches of the research and policy literature. Questions were devised to examine issues about organisational workforce diversity goals, workforce diversity data, recruitment diversity data, diversity-led recruitment practices, strategies for effective allyship, and transformative change.Results: While recruiting managers appreciated the benefits of an ethnically diverse workforce, they adhered to organisational policies for recruitment and selection that emphasise objectivity and standardization. Some recruiting managers sense there is “an uneven playing field” but lacked information about ethnic diversity in the workforce or recruitment to make informed judgements. In the context of a pressurised health system, recruiting managers prioritise candidate selection of those who can “fit in” and “hit the ground running” rather than taking the long view and building workforce diversity.Conclusion: A recruitment approach optimized for objectivity and standardization, masquerades as equality, while preserving racial inequality in first job success. Inadvertently, recruiting managers are unwittingly complicit in an ‘equality theatre’ that discriminates against candidates from diverse ethnic backgrounds. The lens could help get a grip on race equality and a shift towards asset-based and diversity-led recruitment approaches.
Medical Student Medium-Term Skill Retention Following Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training Based on the American Society of Echocardiography Curriculum Framework
Authors: Jujo Satoshi , Sakka Brandan I , Lee-Jayaram Jannet J , Kataoka Akihisa , Izumo Masaki , Kusunose Kenya , Nakahira Atsushi , Oikawa Sayaka , Kataoka Yuki , Berg Benjamin W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
No studies have demonstrated medium- or long-term skill retention of cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) curriculum for medical student. Based on the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) curriculum framework, we developed a blended-learning cardiac POCUS curriculum with competency evaluation. The objective of this study was to investigate the curriculum impact on image acquisition skill retention 8 weeks after initial training.
Methods
This study was a prospective, pre-post education intervention study for first- and second-year medical students, with blinded outcome assessment. The curriculum included a pre-training ASE online module and healthy volunteer hands-on training to obtain 5 views: parasternal long-axis (PLAX), parasternal short-axis (PSAX), apical 4-chamber (A4C), subcostal 4-chamber (S4C), and subcostal inferior vena cava (SIVC) views. Students took 5-view image acquisition skill tests at pre-, immediate post-, and 8-week post-training, using a healthy volunteer. Three blinded assessors rated the image quality using a validated 10-point maximum scoring system. Students used a hand-held ultrasound probe (Butterfly iQ).
Results
Fifty-four students completed hands-on training, and pre- and immediate post-training skill tests. Twenty-seven students completed 8-week post-training skill tests. Skill test score improvement between pre- and 8-week post-training was 2.11 points (95% CI, 1.22–3.00; effect size, 1.13).
Conclusion
The cardiac POCUS curriculum demonstrated medium-term skill retention. Instructional design modifications or re-training for PLAX, PSAX, and A4C are needed to make the curriculum more effective for clinically relevant skill retention.
Diverse But Unique Astrocytic Phenotypes During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation, Culturing and Development
Authors: Freitag Kiara , Eede Pascale , Ivanov Andranik , Schneeberger Shirin , Borodina Tatiana , Sauer Sascha , Beule Dieter , Heppner Frank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Astrocytes are resident glia cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that play complex and heterogeneous roles in brain development, homeostasis and disease. Since their vast involvement in health and disease is becoming increasingly recognized, suitable and reliable tools for studying these cells in vivo and in vitro are of utmost importance. One of the key challenges hereby is to adequately mimic their context-dependent in vivo phenotypes and functions in vitro. To better understand the spectrum of astrocytic variations in defined settings we performed a side-by-side-comparison of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived astrocytes as well as primary neonatal and adult astrocytes, revealing major differences on a functional and transcriptomic level, specifically on proliferation, migration, calcium signaling and cilium activity. Our results highlight the need to carefully consider the choice of astrocyte origin and phenotype with respect to age, isolation and culture protocols based on the respective biological question.
The Atypical Functional Connectivity of Broca Area at Multiple Frequency Bands in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zhan Linlin , Gao Yanyan , Huang Lina , Zhang Hongqiang , Sun Jiawei , Li Mengting , Huang Guofeng , Wang Yadan , Li Huayun , Jia Xize , Cheng Lulu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As a developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder has drawn much attention due to its severe impacts on language capacity. Broca area, an important brain region of language network, has largely involved in language-related functions. Using Autism Brain Image Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset, a total of 1454 participants (618 ASD and 836 HCs) were included in our research. In order to detect the pathophysiological mechanism of autism spectrum disorder from the perspective of language, we conducted a functional connectivity analysis with Broca as the seed in multiple frequency bands (conventional: 0.01–0.08 Hz; slow-4: 0.027–0.073 Hz; slow-5: 0.01–0.027 Hz). We found that compared with healthy controls, patients with autism spectrum disorder have demonstrated increased functional connectivity in left thalamus, left precuneus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus in conventional frequency band (0.01-0.08Hz). The results of slow-5 frequency band (0.01-0.027Hz) presented increased functional connectivity values of left precuneus, left medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus, right medial orbital of the superior frontal gyrus and right thalamus. No significant cluster was detected in the slow-4 frequency band (0.027-0.073Hz). In conclusion, the abnormal functional connectivity in patients with autism spectrum disorder has frequency-specific properties. Furthermore, the findings of conventional frequency bands (0.01-0.08Hz) were mainly contributed by slow-5 (0.01-0.027Hz). The current study might shed new light on the pathophysiological mechanism of language impairments in autism spectrum disorder.
Hla-A*32 Is Associated With Severity Of Covid-19 Patients
Authors: KANDEMİR Nefise , ANIL Belemir Nermin , ŞAKAR Cihad , SAAT Hanife , KAPUAĞASI Arif , ŞENCAN Irfan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: Recent advances have contributed to a better understanding of the shared and specific roles of HLA alleles in outcome of Covid-19 disease. We aimed to determine if a severe prognosis could be predicted. Methods: Covid-19 patients were divided into severe (n=30) and non-severe (n=29) patient groups. All patients’ demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Class I/II HLA loci (A, B, C and DRB1, DQB1, DQA1) alleles were studied in patients and healthy controls (n=30), and outcomes of data were compared. Results: From the demographic and clinical data, 28-day mortality, comorbidity, hypertension and coronary artery disease were found to be significantly higher in the severe group (SG) compared to the non-severe group (NSG). Of the parent-1 allele groups, A*26, A*32, B*41, C*14, C*16, DRB1*8, and DRB1*14 alleles were only present in the severe group and DQB1*4, B*27, B*52, and C*5 alleles were present in the severe and non-severe groups but not in controls. Also, while the presence of A*68, B*37, B*58, DRB1*16, DQB1*4, and C*14 alleles from parent-2 allele groups only in severe and non-severe groups may cause susceptibility to the disease, parent-2 allele groups A*1, DQB1*4, B*15 and B*54 were only present in healthy controls and may have a protective effect.Conclusion: Since only the A*32 allele was detected in both parents only in the severe group, this allele may be associated with Covid-19 disease. These data suggest that some HLA alleles may be associated with the occurrence of Covid-19.
Investigation on residents’ cognition of HFRS and related knowledge in Jining city of Shandong Province, Mainland China
Authors: Liu Miao-Miao , Wang Wen-Jun , Liu Wen , Guo Li-Yan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background：Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a serious public health problem caused by Hantavirus. China is the most severe endemic country in the world, accounting for about 90% cases. However, there are relatively few studies on residents’ cognition of HFRS in the epidemic areas.Methods: 960 residents were selected from four districts of Jining city, Shandong province in 2020. Information on cognition of HFRS and related knowledge was obtained using a questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of the cognition rate between demographic characteristics. The stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between personal variables and cognition.Results: The data from 892qualified questionnaires were analyzed. The result showed that the cognition rate of HFRS among residents in Jining is 50.00%. The cognition rate of the source of HFRS infection among residents is 42.60%. And the cognition rate of HFRS vaccine is only 17.71%.Further regression analysis result showed that the main factors affecting residents’ cognition of HFRS and related knowledge were age and education. Residents’ awareness of infectious source affected their behavior. The results showed that 18.95% of the residents who knew the infectious source took protective measures when sweeping the barns, while among the residents who did not know the infectious source, only 10.16% of them took protective measures. Conclusions: Residents’ cognition of HFRS and related knowledge were affected by education. Residents’ behavior would be affected by their cognition status.
Community Participatory Approach to Reverse Climate Change
Authors: Kumar Sampath , Kanwar Shweta Raj 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The geography and economy of Meghalaya have some serious paradoxes. For instance, despite having high rainfall, many areas in the state are confronted with serious water scarcity, largely due to deforestation and soil erosion. Despite having a wealth of natural resources, almost 50% of the population lives below the poverty line [1]. Meghalaya as a state has a strong knit community, and this paper attempts to study the community participatory approach adopted by local people, who, in several instances, have come together to tap the tremendous potential of water conservation, especially in the Mawsynram C&RD block, hailed as one of the wettest places on earth. Alternatively, the research also delves deeper into how the State, in its attempt to reverse climate change with the help of a unique initiative called Community Conservation Corps, plans to engage and train a massive pool of young volunteers by raising at least one person from every household, motivated towards protecting the environment. Given that Meghalaya is largely an agrarian state and dependent on natural resources for livelihood [2], the implications of this study could be valuable to assess the potential opportunities of the collective community approach driven towards climate change reversal. Moreover, it will also be interesting to note how, in the course of community participation to reverse climate change, the State is also living up to its matrilineal status wherein women are seen to exercise authority and decision making at the local level, which, otherwise, is not the case in higher authoritative realms of the State.