bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of the South Asian High in May to the Early Spring North Pacific Victoria Mode
Authors: Yang Yu , Su Qin , Wang Lin , Yang Ruowen , Cao Jie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interannual variability of the South Asian high (SAH) in May plays an important role in the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon. In this study, reanalysis data and an atmospheric general circulation model are employed to investigate the response of the SAH in May to the early spring North Pacific Victoria mode (VM) on an interannual time scale. Observational results indicate a robust linkage between the early spring VM and the SAH position in May, even if the El Niño and Indian Ocean basin model (IOBM) signals are removed. When the early spring VM is in its positive phase, a zonally divergent circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere forms with tropospheric divergence over the tropical eastern Pacific and anomalous convergence over the South China Sea–Maritime Continent region. As a result, westerly anomalies associated with the zonally divergent circulation anomaly appear in the upper troposphere over the Indian Ocean–Indochina Peninsula that impede the northwestward movement of the SAH in May. When the early spring VM is in its negative phase, the opposite conditions occur. Three sets of numerical experiments were performed to verify the key physical process revealed in the observational results. The early spring VM is a reliable indicator of the interannual variability of the SAH position in May.
Mental Health and Handgrip Strength Among Older Adults: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Kwak Yeunhee , Kim Yoonjung 
Published: March 2022

Handgrip strength is used as an important indicator of health in older adults. We aimed to explore the association between stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and handgrip strength among older adults. We conducted this cross-sectional study involving 1254 individuals (aged ≥65 years), using data from the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI. We used logistic regression analysis to examine associations between handgrip strength and mental health. Among mental health factors, a significant difference was noted between stress and handgrip strength among the older adults. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odd ratio (OR) of stress among older adults with low handgrip strength was statistically significant in Models 1 (1.61 (95% CI: 1.01–2.57)) and 2 (1.59 (95% CI: 1.01–2.52)) but not in Model 3 (1.52 (95% CI: .96–2.43)). No significant association was found between depression or suicidal ideation and handgrip strength. The risk of stress was 1.59-1.61 times higher in older adults with low handgrip strength, compared to that in older adults with normal handgrip strength. It is necessary to develop strategies aimed at managing stress among older adults with low handgrip strength and educating them about the importance of handgrip strength and exercises that increase handgrip strength.
A data-driven workflow to improve energy efficient operation of commercial buildings: A review with real-world examples
Authors: Abuimara Tareq , Hobson Brodie W , Gunay Burak , O’Brien William 
Published: March 2022

Data-driven building operation and maintenance research such as metadata inference, fault detection and diagnosis, occupant-centric controls (OCCs), and non-invasive load monitoring have emerged (NILM) as independent domains of study. However, there are strong dependencies between these domains; for example, quality of metadata affects the usability of fault detection and diagnostics techniques. Further, faults in controls hardware and programs limit the performance of OCCs. To this end, a literature review was conducted to identify the dependencies between these domains of research. Additionally, real-world examples using operational data from three institutional buildings in Ottawa, Canada, were provided and discussed to demonstrate these dependencies. Finally, a holistic tool-agnostic workflow was introduced which suggested the implementation of operational energy efficiency measures in the following order to ensure their full potential: (1) improve metadata, (2) address faults, (3) implement OCCs, and (4) monitor enhanced key performance indicators (KPIs). The proposed workflow is intended to be comprehensive, reproducible, nonintrusive, and inexpensive to implement. Practical applications: Optimization of building operations has been emerging among energy management professionals as a relatively low-cost means to achieve energy efficiency and minimize occupants’ discomfort. To this end, this study introduces a tool-agnostic data-driven workflow to building energy management practitioners that can assist them in achieving increased energy efficiency. The proposed workflow recognizes the interdependency of the various domains of research which have historically been treated independently.
Effect of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Trainee Surgical Case Numbers: A Multi‐institutional Review
Authors: Mann Scott , Duffy James , Muffly Tyler , Tilva Keval , Gray Stacey , Hetzler Laura , Kraft Shannon , Malekzadeh Sonya , Pletcher Steven , Cabrera-Muffly Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of the initiation of COVID‐19–related restrictions on the volume of surgical cases performed by otolaryngology trainees.Study DesignMulti‐institutional retrospective analysis of resident surgical case logs.SettingAccredited residency training programs in otolaryngology head and neck surgery.MethodsResident surgical case logs were combined from 6 residency training programs from different regions of the United States. Case volumes were compared between the calendar year before March 1, 2020, and the year afterward. Subgroup analyses were performed for the type of hospital (university, pediatric, veteran, county) and the key index cases by subspecialty.ResultsAll 6 participating residency programs had a decrease in resident operative case volume. Surgical volume decreased from a mean of 6014 to 4161 (P < .05). There were decreases observed in key index cases in every subspecialty (P < .01), without statistical differences seen among subspecialties. There were decreases observed in every hospital type (university, pediatric, veteran, county) without statistical differences among types. Postgraduate year 5 residents were the most affected by volume reductions (51.6%), and postgraduate year 3 residents were the least affected (1.4%).ConclusionIn the year following initiation of COVID‐19–related restrictions, there was a significant decrease in trainee surgical case volumes within residencies for otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. There were no statistical differences in the volume decreases seen at different institutions, among hospital types, or within various subspecialties.
Recalls of Moderate‐ and High‐Risk Otolaryngologic Devices Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 2003‐2019
Authors: Talati Ish A. , Parsa Keon M. , Gao William Z. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the marketing of medical devices based on the premarket approval (PMA) or 510(k) pathway. We investigated the relationship among the regulatory pathway of otolaryngologic devices, the number of recalls, and the recall characteristics.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis.SettingPublicly available FDA databases.MethodsThe FDA Ear, Nose, and Throat Devices Panel database was queried for 510(k) clearances and PMA approvals from 1976 to 2019. Device recalls from 2003 to 2019 were reviewed. Devices were then categorized by subspecialty, type, supporting evidence, and PMA supplement type. Logistic regression characterized the odds of recall for each device type and subspeciality.ResultsA total of 1061 (57.8%) 510(k) and 778 (42.3%) PMA device applications and modifications were approved. There were 120 (11.3%) recall events associated with 42 unique otolaryngologic devices cleared via the 510(k) pathway, as compared with 25 (3.2%) recall events for 5 unique PMA devices. 510(k) device approvals were more likely to be recalled than PMA device approvals (odds ratio, 3.67; 95% CI, 2.38‐5.88; P <. 0001). 510(k) surgical devices (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1‐4.4; P =. 03) were more likely to be recalled than diagnostic devices. Devices designated for laryngology (70.0%) and general otolaryngology (25.0%) composed the majority of recalls.ConclusionOtolaryngologic devices approved by the FDA via the 510(k) pathway exhibit a higher number of recalls than the PMA pathway. Given the balance between regulation and facilitating innovation, postmarket surveillance and ongoing regulatory improvements are critical to ensure optimal safety of medical devices.
The Effects of Optogenetic Activation of Astrocytes on Spike-and-Wave Discharges in Genetic Absence Epileptic Rats
Authors: Ozgur Merve , Özyurt Mustafa Görkem , Arkan Sertan , Cavdar Safiye 
Published: March 2022

Background: Absence seizures (petit mal seizures) are characterized by a brief loss of consciousness without loss of postural tone. The disease is diagnosed by an electroencephalogram (EEG) showing spike–wave discharges (SWD) caused by hypersynchronous thalamocortical (TC) oscillations. There has been an explosion of research highlighting the role of astrocytes in supporting and modulating neuronal activity. Despite established in vitro evidence, astrocytes’ influence on the TC network remains to be elucidated in vivo in the absence epilepsy (AE). Purpose: In this study, we investigated the role of astrocytes in the generation and modulation of SWDs. We hypothesize that disturbances in astrocytes’ function may affect the pathomechanism of AE. Methods: To direct the expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) rAAV8-GFAP-ChR2(H134R)-EYFP or to control the effect of surgical intervention, AAV-CaMKIIa-EYFP was injected into the ventrobasal nucleus (VB) of the thalamus of 18 animals. After four weeks following the injection, rats were stimulated using blue light (~473 nm) and, simultaneously, the electrophysiological activity of the frontal cortical neurons was recorded for three consecutive days. The animals were then perfused, and the brain tissue was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results: A significant increase in the duration of SWD without affecting the number of SWD in genetic absence epileptic rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) compared to control injections was observed. The duration of the SWD was increased from 12.50 ± 4.41 s to 17.44 ± 6.07 following optogenetic stimulation in GAERS. The excitation of the astrocytes in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk (WAG-Rij) did not change the duration of SWD; however, stimulation resulted in a significant increase in the number of SWD from 18.52 ± 11.46 bursts/30 min to 30.17 ± 18.43 bursts/30 min. Whereas in control injection, the duration and the number of SWDs were similar at pre- and poststimulus. Both the background and poststimulus average firing rates of the SWD in WAG-Rij were significantly higher than the firing recorded in GAERS. Conclusion: These findings suggest that VB astrocytes play a role in modulating the SWD generation in both rat models with distinct mechanisms and can present an essential target for the possible therapeutic approach for AE.
Comparing Disease-Specific and Generic Quality of Life in Korean Breast Cancer Survivors Using the FACT-B and QLI: The Importance of Instrument Selection
Authors: Jang Min Kyeong , Kim Sung Hae , Ko Yun Hee , Han Jeehee , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Sue 
Published: March 2022

Background: Quality of life (QOL) has become an important indicator for evaluating patients’ symptoms and their overall satisfaction with life. Thus, examining QOL is essential for fully understanding the life satisfaction of breast cancer survivors (BCS). However, selecting the appropriate instrument for QOL measurement is challenging, and few studies have compared disease-specific and generic QOL measures and how they reflect the impact of cancer-related symptoms on QOL in BCS. We examined QOL in BCS using both disease-specific and generic instruments and compared their representation of the QOL impacts of anxiety, depression, sleep, fatigability, and posttraumatic growth. Methods: This study involved analysis of follow-up data for an exercise intervention called the BLESS (Better Life after cancer, Energy, Strength, and Support) program, which included 40 BCS treated at 1 medical center in South Korea. Their QOL was assessed using both the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) and Quality of Life Index (QLI). Results: Both FACT-B and QLI total scores revealed that Korean BCS had low levels of QOL. Furthermore, both FACT-B and QLI total scores were significantly related to anxiety, depression, sleep, fatigability, and posttraumatic growth in the participants. Notably, multivariate regression analysis of FACT-B and QLI total scores showed different predictors for QOL: with the FACT-B, depression was the only significant predictor, while with the QLI, posttraumatic growth was the only significant predictor. Conclusion: The selection of a given QOL instrument may affect the overall findings and interpretation of the impacts of related symptoms. The FACT-B should be considered for studies of symptoms such as depression, while the QLI is more appropriate for examining overall QOL and posttraumatic growth.
SERPINB1 overexpression protects myocardial damage induced by acute myocardial infarction through AMPK/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Hua Jun , Chen Shiyuan , Chen Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSERPINB1 is involved in the development of a variety of diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of SERPINB1 on acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsSerum SERPINB1 level of AMI patients was measured for receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The AMI rat model was constructed to observe myocardial damage, and the H9C2 cell oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) model was constructed to detect cell viability. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess the cardiac function. TTC staining and HE staining were used to detect pathologic changes of myocardial tissues. The apoptosis of myocardial tissues and cells were measured by TUNLE staining and flow cytometry assay. CCK-8 assay to measure cell viability. SERPINB1 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was measured by western blot.ResultsThe serum SERPINB1 level was down-regulated in AMI patients. AMI modeling reduced the SERPINB1 expression level, induced inflammatory cells infiltrated, and myocardial apoptosis. OGD treatment inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis. The AMPK/mTOR pathway was inhibited in AMI rats and OGD-treated H9C2 cells. Overexpression of SERPINB1 reduced infarct size and myocardial apoptosis of AMI rats, inhibited apoptosis of H9C2 cells, and activated AMPK/mTOR pathway. However, AMPK inhibitor Dorsomorphin reversed the protective effect of SERPINB1 on myocardial cells.ConclusionSERPINB1 overexpression relieved myocardial damage induced by AMI via AMPK/mTOR pathway.
A case report of Sanfilippo syndrome – the long way to diagnosis
Authors: Lorenz Delia , Musacchio Thomas , Kunstmann Erdmute , Grauer Eva , Pluta Natalie , Stock Annika , Speer Christian P. , Hebestreit Helge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder, caused by a deficiency in the heparan-N-sulfatase enzyme involved in the catabolism of the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate. It is characterized by early nonspecific neuropsychiatric symptoms, followed by progressive neurocognitive impairment in combination with only mild somatic features. In this patient group with a broad clinical spectrum a significant genotype-phenotype correlation with some mutations leading to a slower progressive, attenuated course has been demonstrated.

Case presentation
Our patient had complications in the neonatal period and was diagnosed with Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIa only at the age of 28 years. He was compound heterozygous for the variants p.R245H and p.S298P, the latter having been shown to lead to a significantly milder phenotype.

Conclusions
The diagnostic delay is even more prolonged in this patient population with comorbidities and a slowly progressive course of the disease.
Group antenatal care for improving retention of adolescent and young pregnant women living with HIV in Kenya
Authors: Teasdale Chloe A. , Odondi Judith , Kidiga Catherine , Choy Michelle , Fayorsey Ruby , Ngeno Bernadette , Ochanda Boniface , Langat Agnes , Ngugi Catherine , Callahan Tegan , Modi Surbhi , Hawken Mark , Odera Doris , Abrams Elaine J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Pregnant and breastfeeding adolescents and young women living with HIV (AYWLH) have lower retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services compared to older women.

Methods
We evaluated a differentiated service model for pregnant and postnatal AYWLH at seven health facilities in western Kenya aimed at improving retention in antiretroviral treatment (ART) services. All pregnant AYWLH < 25 years presenting for antenatal care (ANC) were invited to participate in group ANC visits including self-care and peer-led support sessions conducted by health facility nurses per national guidelines. ART register data were used to assess loss to follow-up (LTFU) among newly-enrolled pregnant adolescent (< 20 years) and young women (20–24 years) living with HIV starting ART in the pre-period (January-December 2016) and post-period (during implementation; December 2017-January 2019). Poisson regression models compared LTFU incidence rate ratios (IRR) in the first six months after PMTCT enrollment and risk ratios compared uptake of six week testing for HIV-exposed infants (HEI) between the pre- and post-periods.

Results
In the pre-period, 223 (63.2%) of 353 pregnant AYWLH newly enrolled in ANC had ART data, while 320 (71.1%) of 450 in the post-period had ART data (p = 0.02). A higher proportion of women in the post-period (62.8%) had known HIV-positive status at first ANC visit compared to 49.3% in the pre-period (p < 0.001). Among pregnant AYWLH < 20 years, the incidence rate of LTFU in the first six months after enrollment in ANC services declined from 2.36 per 100 person months (95%CI 1.06–5.25) in the pre-period to 1.41 per 100 person months (95%CI 0.53–3.77) in the post-period. In both univariable and multivariable analysis, AYWLH < 20 years in the post-period were almost 40% less likely to be LTFU compared to the pre-period, although this finding did not meet the threshold for statistical significance (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.62, 95%CI 0.38–1.01, p = 0.057). Testing for HEI was 10% higher overall in the post-period (adjusted risk ratio 1.10, 95%CI 1.01–1.21, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Interventions are urgently needed to improve outcomes among pregnant and postnatal AYWLH. We observed a trend towards increased retention among pregnant adolescents during our intervention and a statistically significant increase in uptake of six week HEI testing.
Patient-reported outcome (PRO) results from the AGITG DOCTOR trial: a randomised phase 2 trial of tailored neoadjuvant therapy for resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mercieca-Bebber R. , Barnes E. H. , Wilson K. , Samoon Z. , Walpole E. , Mai T. , Ackland S. , Burge M. , Dickie G. , Watson D. , Leung J. , Wang T. , Bohmer R. , Cameron D. , Simes J. , Gebski V. , Smithers M. , Thomas J. , Zalcberg J. , Barbour A. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
AGITG DOCTOR was a randomised phase 2 trial of pre-operative cisplatin, 5 fluorouracil (CF) followed by docetaxel (D) with or without radiotherapy (RT) based on poor early response to CF, detected via PET, for resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This study describes PROs over 2 years.

Methods
Participants (N = 116) completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and oesophageal module (QLQ-OES18) before chemotherapy (baseline), before surgery, six and 12 weeks post-surgery and three-monthly until 2 years. We plotted PROs over time and calculated the percentage of participants per treatment group whose post-surgery score was within 10 points (threshold for clinically relevant change) of their baseline score, for each PRO scale. We examined the relationship between Grade 3+ adverse events (AEs) and PROs. This analysis included four groups: CF responders, non-responders randomised to DCF, non-responders randomised to DCF + RT, and “others” who were not randomised.

Results
Global QOL was clinically similar between groups from 6 weeks post-surgery. All groups had poorer functional and higher symptom scores during active treatment and shortly after surgery, particularly the DCF and DCF + RT groups. DCF + RT reported a clinically significant difference (−13points) in mean overall health/QOL between baseline and pre-surgery. Similar proportions of patients across groups scored +/− 10 points of baseline scores within 2 years for most PRO domains. Instance of grade 3+ AEs were not related to PROs at baseline or 2 years.

Conclusions
By 2 years, similar proportions of patients scored within 10 points of baseline for most PRO domains, with the exception of pain and insomnia for the DCF + RT group. Non-responders randomised to DCF or DCF + RT experienced additional short-term burden compared to CF responders, reflecting the longer duration of neoadjuvant treatment and additional toxicity. This should be weighed against clinical benefits reported in AGITG DOCTOR. This data will inform communication of the trajectory of treatment options for early CF non-responders.

Trial registration
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12609000665235. Registered 31 July 2009.
Serum exosomal proteomics analysis of lung adenocarcinoma to discover new tumor markers
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Tian Wenjuan , Ma Yuefeng , Li Jiaji , Yang Jun , Li Burong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Among the most aggressive and rapidly lethal types of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type. Exosomes, as a hot area, play an influential role in cancer. By using proteomics analysis, we aimed to identify potential markers of lung adenocarcinoma in serum.

Methods
In our study, we used the ultracentrifugation method to isolate serum exosomes. The Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to identify potential serum exosomal proteins with altered expression among patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, early lung adenocarcinoma, and healthy controls. A western blot (WB) was performed to confirm the above differential expression levels in a separate serum sample-isolated exosome, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was conducted to detect expression levels of the above differential proteins of serum exosomes in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues. Furthermore, we compared different expression models of the above differential proteins in serum and exosomes.

Result
According to the ITGAM (Integrin alpha M chain) and CLU (Clusterin) were differentially expressed in serum exosomes among different groups as well as tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. ITGAM was significantly and specifically enriched in exosomes. As compared to serum, CLU did not appear to be significantly enriched in exosomes. ITGAM and CLU were identified as serum exosomal protein markers of lung adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions
This study can provide novel ideas and a research basis for targeting lung adenocarcinoma treatment as a preliminary study.