bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Same Wavelength? Differing Geopolitical Positionalities and Voluntary Return and Reintegration in Ghana
Authors: Serra-Mingot Ester , Rudolf Markus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the range of experiences of “voluntary” return to Ghana, based on the different positionalities of migrants set against migration and return regimes and broader socio-economic inequalities. The cases illustrate how geopolitical relations shape migrants’ mobilities, highlighting the unequal relations between different actors in the countries of origin and destination; primarily these are the migrants, their relatives, and communities of origin. Conflicting interests and expectations of these actors, as much as differing return policies, create unequal options and expectations of mobility. Migrant journeys, regardless the age, gender, legal status or social class, are always geopolitical journeys. The diverging experiences of return, thus, depend not only on the individual situations, but also on the broader politicized relations and interests between stakeholders in the migration and return processes.
Technical layout and fabrication of a compact all-glass four-channel beam splitter based on a Kösters design
Authors: Rothhardt Carolin , Klose Sylvio , Satzer Britta , Schmidl Sebastian , Grabowski Kevin , Birckigt Pascal , Hilpert Enrico , Lippmann Uwe , Schlegel Ralph , Shestaeva Svetlana , Schwinde Stefan , Risse Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report on the design and fabrication of a novel all-glass four-channel beam splitter based on a Kösters prism for use in space. The Kösters prism, which consists of three pairs of individual prisms, is used to separate an incoming telescope beam into four spectral channels (λ = 800–1700 nm) with the goal to obtain a multi-band photometry of cosmic sources in the optical/near-infrared bands. We performed optical design studies to evaluate the influence of geometrical tolerances of the six individual prisms on the image quality. A stray light analysis revealed the impact of the composition on the overall optical performance. Mechanical design studies benchmarked possible mounting strategies. We considered optical adhesives, soldering and clamping. The influence of the mechanical loads during a rocket launch as well as thermal loads at 140 K (the operation temperature of the optical element) were studied. We optimized the coating properties of the prisms by considering the results from the optical design study as well as the technological requirements for the direct bonding of the prisms. Bonding strategies to realize the prism pairs were developed and successfully tested. A demonstrator Kösters prism was manufactured and is ready to validate its optical performance.
A greater yellowstone ecosystem grizzly bear case study: genetic reassessment for managers
Authors: Shafer Craig L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere are five grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) populations in the lower 48 states of the United States. My goal in this Commentary was to ascertain whether genetic diversity is being lost from the isolated GYE grizzly bear population and to better understand any viability implications. I reviewed the scientific literature, including two key genetic studies that the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) relied upon for their 2007 and current 2017 GYE grizzly bear genetics policy. I discovered that some studies reveal a loss of heterozygosity in the GYE bear population, both historically and in recent decades. Some had a statistically significant depletion rate. My review took place periodically between 2010 and 2021 and indicates that the genome of the GYE grizzly bear population is too small for long-term adaptation. The paper includes a discussion about evolutionary adaptation which invokes time frames rarely considered by nature conservation planners. I also examined genetic statements in the USFWS’s 2017 GYE grizzly bear delisting regulations and highlighted those that seem incongruent with current scientific thought. If this paper is read by some scientists, land managers, administrators, environmentalists, and others with some genetics background, they will better understand some USFWS decisions and policy statements. This case study illustrates that land management agencies can provide a one-sided treatment of some science when writing regulations about genetics.
A new macro-scale volume averaged transport model for diffusive dominated non-Darcian flow problem in multi-scaled naturally fractured reservoirs
Authors: Owusu Richard , Sakyi Adu , Dontwi Isaac Kwame , Amoako-Yirenkyi Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiffusive transport in porous media is a complex process in multi-scaled fractured media modeling. This paper presents a diffusive transport model for non-Dacian flow in a naturally fractured reservoir with triple porosity and permeability. To address the non-Darcian flow behavior associated with fluid transport in fractured porous media, the Darcy/Forcheimer equation was used. A point-diffusive equation was obtained from mass conservation and the Darcy–Forcheimer momentum equation; this is used together with interface conditions to incorporate the microscopic properties of the domain. Subsequently, the resulting equation was spatially smoothed to obtain an effective macroscopic average model. The macroscopic model obtained, unlike the existing models, has a cross-diffusive term for mass transport by induced fluxes and a mass transfer term accounting for mass transfer between the matrix and the surrounding fractures via the interface. The numerical simulation displayed a horizontal-linear flow behavior in the fractured network instead of a radial flow in the matrix. The results further suggest that despite the fractures aiding in fluid transport, they enhance fluid production in the reservoir compared to the matrix.
White paper peanut allergy
Authors: Blumchen K. , Fischl A. , Eiwegger T. , Hamelmann E. , Klimek L. , Lange L. , Szepfalusi Z. , Vogelberg C. , Beyer K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current management of a primary IgE-mediated peanut allergy consists of the two basic pillars “exposure prophylaxis” with avoidance of the allergen and “emergency therapy” with short-term treatment of an acute allergic reaction after accidental ingestion. Accidental reactions are common despite attempted avoidance. The severity of an allergic or even anaphylactic reaction after accidental ingestion is difficult to assess prior to reaction. In addition, reaction thresholds may vary depending on the accompanying augmentation factor. Therefore, every peanut allergic patient should receive individual dietary counseling as well as instructions for the use of the emergency kit and a structured patient education program (anaphylaxis group training), if necessary. For the first time, since fall 2021 a causal treatment option with a drug for oral immunotherapy will now be available for 4‑ to 17-year-old peanut-allergic children and adolescents. The oral immunotherapy with peanut protein as defatted powder of Arachis hypogaea L., semen (peanuts) leads to desensitization with a good efficacy record and an acceptable safety profile. Other treatment options with different therapeutic approaches are also under development and will probably expand the range for treatment in the coming years.
Microbial Dark Matter: From Discovery to Applications
Authors: Zha Yuguo , Chong Hui , Yang Pengshuo , Ning Kang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the rapid increase of the microbiome samples and sequencing data, more and more knowledge about microbial communities has been gained. However, there is still much more to learn about microbial communities, including billions of novel species and genes, as well as countless spatiotemporal dynamic patterns within the microbial communities, which together form the microbial dark matter. In this work, we summarized the dark matter in microbiome research and reviewed current data mining methods, especially artificial intelligence (AI) methods, for different types of knowledge discovery from microbial dark matter. We also provided case studies on using AI methods for microbiome data mining and knowledge discovery. In summary, we view microbial dark matter not as a problem to be solved but as an opportunity for AI methods to explore, with the goal of advancing our understanding of microbial communities, as well as developing better solutions to global concerns about human health and the environment.
7 Prevalence and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Men with Polycythemia on Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Salter C , Flores JMF , Schofield E , Tan M , Mulhall J 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Polycythemia is independently associated with both testosterone therapy (TTH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of OSA in men who experience polycythemia while on TTH.

Methods
Study population included men who had polycythemia [hematocrit (HCT) &gt;50%] while on TTH for TD, with total and free T levels within the normal range. Men completed screening questionnaires for OSA and daytime sleepiness, respectively: STOP-BANG (SB, range 0-8) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS, range 0-24). Men whose scores demonstrated intermediate to high risk of OSA proceeded to a diagnostic sleep study which recorded the following parameters: apnea hypoxia index (AHI, normal &lt;5 events/h), total duration SpO2 saturation &lt;88% and SpO2 nadir. Descriptive statistics are presented.

Results
73 men had a mean age of 60±11.5 years. Mean HCT pre-TTH and on TTH were 45±3% and 52±1.5%, respectively, for a mean increase of 6.6±3.6%. Mean on-treatment total T level 686±285 ng/dL. Median STOP-BANG score was 4 (IQR 3-5), median ESS score was 5 (IQR 3-9). 63% of patients screened positive for OSA on questionnaires. 81% of sleep studies confirmed OSA; mean AHI of the group was 15.4±13.2 events/hour (range 1.6-54.6 events/hour). 36% of men had AHI≥15 events/hour and 14% ≥30 AHI events/hour. Mean SpO2 nadir was 83±5% (range 69%-93%). 67% of men with OSA had an oxygen nadir in the 80s, 19% in the 70s and 3% in the 60s. Total duration of hypoxia (SpO2 ≤88%) was 32±50 minutes (range 0.1-202 minutes), 46% of men having hypoxia &lt;10 minutes, 8% 10-20 minutes, 19% 70-150 minutes.

Conclusions
Men on TTH who are eugonadal that experience polycythemia have high rates of OSA. 80% of the patients undergoing sleep study had OSA. These data suggest that men with polycythemia on TTH should be screened for OSA.

Disclosure
No
15 Safety of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Monotherapy for Men with Previous Exogenous Testosterone Use or Replacement Therapy
Authors: Rainer Q , Pai R , Masterson T 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is homologous to luteinizing hormone (LH) and stimulates endogenous testosterone (T) production and may be an option for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Currently, hCG is recommended for hypogonadal men with fertility concern as it prevents azoospermia seen with exogenous testosterone use. It is unknown if hCG is as efficacious as T in improving symptoms. We hypothesized that hCG is an effective and safe treatment in males with a history of exogenous T use or TRT.

Objective
Our objective was to evaluate for changes in symptoms and side effects to assess hCG monotherapy as a possible method of TRT in adult males with a history of previous exogenous T use or TRT.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 50 charts using exogenous T (including testosterone cypionate, clomid, anastrozole, methandienone, and testosterone gel) and were switched to hCG monotherapy for at least 1 month with follow-up labs. We evaluated changes in hormones [T, LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol], hematocrit (HCT), glycated hemoglobin (A1c), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Results presented as means standard deviation. Student t-test was used to compare pre- and post-treatment values, significance was set at p=0.05. We also evaluated for incidence of thromboembolic events, including stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and myocardial infarction.

Results
The average age was 43.3±10.2 years with a BMI of 29.4±3.9 kg/m2. Of the patient's reviewed, 46% had used clomid, 18% T cypionate, 15% anabolic steroids, 13% T gel, 4% T pellets, and 4% methandienone. Average follow-up after starting hCG therapy was 163 days, range 28 to 583 days. Average weekly hCG dosage was 2435 IU. Serum T experienced no significant change, from 402.54±281.34 ng/dL to 404.29 ±259.64 ng/dL (p=0.58, n=50). No change was seen in FSH (4.82±6.21 to 3.71±3.24 mIU/mL, n=25), LH (3.12±4.18 to 1.98±1.86 mIU/mL, n=25), PSA (0.79±0.39 to 0.64±0.25 ng/mL, n=6), estradiol (27.84±14.82 to 27.96±13.18 pg/mL, n=31), or A1c (5.51±0.41 to 5.41±0.0.43 %, n=8). There was a statistically significant decrease of HCT (45.05±4.87 to 43.91±4.48 %, n=15). When evaluated for improvement of erectile dysfunction (ED, n=30), low libido (n=30), and low energy (n=32), 57%, 63%, and 66% of patients reported improvement of each symptom, respectively. Only 41% of patients with ED were noted to be on another medication or therapy specifically for ED. No thromboembolic events were observed.

Conclusions
Weekly hCG dosing appears to have no significant effect on T levels in men with a history of exogenous T use or TRT. The majority of patients reported an improvement in their hypogonadal symptoms. No changes were noted in PSA and A1c. HCT was noted to have a small, but statistically significant decrease and no thromboembolic events were recorded.

Disclosure
No
18 Innovative Findings Characterizing the Location and Severity of Postoperative Pain Following Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Surgery Managed With Multimodal Analgesia
Authors: Braun A , Xiang A , Chen M , Gross M , Simhan J 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Adoption of multimodal analgesia (MMA) in inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery has changed the management landscape by decreasing reliance on opioid usage for postoperative pain. However, there remains a paucity of literature characterizing severity, location and duration of postoperative pain following inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement.

Objective
We rigorously characterized postoperative pain throughout the recovery period following IPP implantation in patients managed with multimodal analgesia (MMA). We aimed to provide an innovative and detailed analysis to better understand the pain profile experienced by implant recipients.

Methods
This is a single-center prospective analysis of 64 patients who underwent penoscrotal approach, primary three-piece IPP surgery from 9/2019 to 8/2020. All revision cases, infrapubic and combination anti-incontinence cases were excluded along with chronic pain patients. Interval follow-up was conducted via telephone with a standardized, validated pain questionnaire, executed on a scheduled timeline. A flow chart of the timeline and survey components are illustrated in Figure 1. Patient pain scores were assessed with the Wong-Baker visual analog scale (VAS).

Results
Pain locations and trends are illustrated in Image 1. Average VAS improved over the entire recovery period from 5.16 on POD2, to 5.28 on POD7, 3.55 on POD14 and 2.31 on POD30 (p=0.039). Patients were most bothered by scrotal pain followed closely by incisional pain (p=0.381) throughout the thirty days at each time interval. 20/27 (74%) patients indicated adequate pain management with MMA while 7/27 (26%) reported poorly controlled pain. No patients required additional narcotics. 27/64 (42.2%) patients had a 100% phone response rate and another 8/64 (12.5%) responded to three of the four postoperative calls. Barriers included no response to voicemail (12/64, 18.7%), full voicemail box (5/64, 7.8%) and wrong/nonfunctioning number (3/64, 4.7%).

Conclusions
This is the first descriptive analysis of the pain profile experienced by IPP patients during the first postoperative month. Although most patients experienced incisional and scrotal pain following penile implantation, multimodal analgesia provides reasonable pain relief for most patients.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Coloplast
33 Persistent Testosterone Suppression After Cessation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Delgado J , Ory J , Bitran J , Blachman Braun R , Nackeeran S , Ramasamy R 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
ADT plays a fundamental role in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. However, there is limited data regarding testosterone recovery in men who have received ADT for prostate cancer. Identification of T recovery profiles associated with ADTs will facilitate personalization of ADT regimens and guide future treatment strategies to minimize the risk of T deficiency in patients with prostate cancer.

Objective
Temporary use of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. However, the ability for testosterone to recover after ADT is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate testosterone recovery in men with prostate cancer following varying ADT modalities and treatment durations.

Methods
A global federated health research network (TriNetX) was used to identify men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer who underwent temporary use of ADT. Three cohorts were identified: Men who received LHRH antagonists, LHRH agonists, and men who received combined ADT (LHRH agonist and antiandrogens). Further stratification was based on treatment duration of 6 or 18 months to compare T recovery profiles at follow up periods of 2 and 5 years.

Results
A total of 17,884 men received LHRH agonists alone, 12,767 men received combined ADT, and 628 men received LHRH antagonist therapy alone. Eugondal mean baseline T level (&gt;300 ng/dL) prior to starting ADT was an inclusion criterion for all men. Five years after ADT cessation, 36% of patients who received LHRH agonists recovered eugondal T levels, 26% recovered after LHRH antagonist therapy, and 36.8% recovered after combined ADT. Overall, more than half of men who received ADT failed to recover eugondal T levels even 5 years after treatment cessation.

Conclusions
Five years after ADT cessation, incomplete testosterone recovery persists in more than 50% of men. Testosterone deficiency will lead to metabolically adverse changes in body composition, increased insulin resistance, impaired bone health, and poor quality of life and needs to be evaluated even after cessation of ADT.

Disclosure
No
48 Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α) and Rho-Associated Kinase 2 (ROCK2) Inhibitors Improve Erectile Function in a Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury Rat Model
Authors: Liu J , Lombardo K , Singh A , Karakus S , Praharaj M , Burnett A , Bivalacqua T 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prior studies suggest Rho-kinase (ROCK) upregulation and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α as causative factors of axonal degeneration, neuropathy, and penile fibrosis following peripheral cavernous nerve (CN) injury. We hypothesize, the combination therapy using inhibitors/antagonists of ROCK and TNF-α may prevent end-organ damage and neuroinflammation in the penis. The current study was designed to investigate selective inhibition of ROCK2 (SAR407899) and TNF-α (Infliximab) in a pre-clinical model of post-radical prostatectomy ED to prevent penile neuroinflammation, fibrosis, and preserve penile hemodynamics.

Objective
This study investigates the effect of FDA approved TNF- α inhibitor (Infliximab) in combination with ROCK2 selective inhibitor (SAR407899) on erectile function restoration in the bilateral crush nerve injury (BCNI) rat model.

Methods
Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to undergo either sham (6) or BCNI (28). The BCNI rats were further randomly stratified to receive saline (6), Infliximab (5 mg/kg once weekly) (6), low dose of SAR407899 (1.5 mg/kg QD) (5), high dose of SAR407899 (3 mg/kg QD) (5), or combination treatment SAR407899 (1.5 mg/kg QD) + Infliximab (5 mg/kg once weekly) (6). At 14 days after injury rats underwent cavernous nerve stimulation to determine erectile function. Penes were collected and immune infiltrate analyses were performed using multicolor flow-cytometry.

Results
Erectile response studies demonstrated that rodents treated with combination of Infliximab and SAR407899 had significantly improved (p&lt;0.05) erectile function (ICP/MAP) at all voltages compared to BCNI alone (2V: 0.243 vs 0.051, 4V: 0.321 vs 0.0782, 6V: 0.456 vs 0.091, p &lt;0.05). Peak ICP and total ICP were also significantly (p&lt;0.05) improved compared to BCNI rats. Combination therapy, however, did not show a significant change compared to each treatment alone. Likewise, there was no significant difference between low and high dose SAR407899. Flow cytometry showed that Infliximab and SAR407899 significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased % of CD11b+ CD45+ monocytes in the penis. While combination therapy had no effect. The percent of CD11b+ MHCII+ CD45+ macrophages were increased (p&lt;0.05) in the penes of rats treated with Infliximab and SAR407899 while combination therapy decreased penile macrophage population. We found no change in TNF- α+ monocytes and macrophages compared in penes from all groups investigated.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that treatment with commercially available TNF-α and ROCK2 inhibitors result in mitigation of erectile dysfunction in a BCNI rat model when administered at the time of nerve injury. The mechanism of the beneficial effects may involve reduction in macrophage population in the penis.

Disclosure
No
51 Differences in the Gut Microbiome Composition Between Men with Erectile Dysfunction and A Matched Cohort: A Pilot Study
Authors: Osman MM , El-Khatib FM , Dianatnejad S , Nguyen J , Choi E , Towe M , Yafi FA 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The gut microbiome (GM) plays an important role in human health, ranging from supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vitamin K, to promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function. It has also been recently associated with a variety of chronic health conditions. To date, however, there have been no studies that have attempted to establish any association between the GM and erectile dysfunction (ED).

Objective
To analyze stool samples from patients with ED and compare them to matched controls for differences in their GM.

Methods
We collected stool samples from 37 patients with ED and matched them with 37 controls. All samples were processed by a third-party company, Viome Inc. The samples were analyzed by metatranscriptome sequencing which allows for data to show both the taxonomy of the microbiome and its KEGG orthology (KO). We compared richness, prevalence and expression of the taxa and KOs between the ED and control groups.

Results
There were 224 species (16.85%) with significantly differential prevalence and 135 species (10.31%) with significantly differential expression. There were 565 KOs (10.42%) with significantly differential prevalence and 653 KOs (12.05%) with significantly differential expression. Richness is the number of microbial species detected in a sample. Diversity assesses the abundance and evenness of a species to assess how diverse an individual sample is. The ED group demonstrated significantly lower taxonomic richness and diversity, p= 1.33 × 10^-5 (see figure below).

Conclusions
This is the first study to look at associations between the GM and ED. Patients with ED have significantly lower taxonomic richness and diversity. Further analyses are needed to better understand the implications of these findings and uncover potential targets for early targeted treatment or prevention of ED.

Disclosure
Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Viome Inc.

Clarification
Industry funding only - investigator initiated and executed study
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Antares. Clarus. Coloplast. Promescent.