bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an irrigation regime for winter wheat to save water resources by avoiding irrigation at anthesis stage
Authors: Wu Baojian , Lin Xiang , Ali Muhammad Fraz , Wang Dong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLatest published information is limited on agronomic responses of winter wheat to irrigation quantity and the necessity of irrigation at the anthesis stage. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate winter wheat yield, water use, assimilate redistribution and economic benefit with respect to water input and (2) quantify relationship between water input and yield to develop a standard for withholding irrigation at anthesis. A 4‐year long field experiment was conducted to evaluate winter wheat water use, yield formation pathway and farmers' income under three irrigation regimes: rainfed, irrigation at sowing and jointing (SJ‐W) and irrigation at sowing, jointing and anthesis (SJA‐W). The yield formation pathway was correlated with the water‐induced variation in assimilate redistribution and accumulation. Throughout the experimental period, wheat yield was 19–38% lower in rainfed than that under other irrigation treatments. Moreover, SJ‐W treatment substantially increased biomass accumulation at anthesis, accelerated assimilate redistribution in vegetative organs and eventually resulted in a similar wheat yield to that of SJA‐W. Simultaneously, the SJ‐W treatment had lower irrigation water, reduced additional irrigation cost, suppressed yield loss and obtained a similar farmer's net income to the SJA‐W treatment. Water‐induced variations in yield were determined by irrigation, rainfall and soil water storage. SJ‐W plots receiving 204–331 mm water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and holding 549–587 mm soil water during anthesis stage achieved higher irrigation water use efficiency and yield relative to the rainfed and SJA‐W plots. In contrast, water input under rainfed plots exceeded 200 mm before anthesis, limiting yield substantially even when seasonal soil water consumption exceeded 160 mm. Developing a standard for withholding irrigation at the anthesis stage should incorporate 204–331 mm of water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and 549–587 mm soil water storage at anthesis, which could achieve a high wheat yield and save water resources.
Sorghum bicolor prioritizes the recovery of its photosynthetic activity when re‐watered after severe drought stress, while manages to preserve it under elevated CO2 and drought
Authors: Martínez‐Goñi Xabier Simón , Robredo Anabel , Pérez‐López Usue , Muñoz‐Rueda Alberto , Mena‐Petite Amaia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding plant response and resilience to drought under a high CO2 environment will be crucial to ensure crop production in the future. Sorghum bicolor is a C4 plant that resists drought better than other crops, which could make it a good alternative to be grown under future climatic conditions. Here, we analyse the physiological response of sorghum under 350 ppm CO2 (aCO2) or 700 ppm CO2 (eCO2) with drought (D) or without drought (WW) for 9, 13 and 16 days; as well as its resilience under long (R1: 9D + 7R) or short (R2: 13D + 3R) recovery treatments. Sorghum showed elevated rates of gs under aCO2 and WW, which resulted in a significant decrease in Ψw, gs, E, ΦPSII, Fv’/Fm′ when exposed to drought. Consequently, A was greatly decreased. When re‐watered, both re‐watering treatments prioritized A recovery by restoring photosynthetic machinery under aCO2, whereas under eCO2 plants required little recovery since plant were hardly affected by drought. However, sorghum growth rate for aboveground organs did not reach control values, indicating a slower long‐term recovery. Overall, these results provide information about the resilience of sorghum and its utility as a suitable candidate for the drought episodes of the future.
LnUO4‐based glass–ceramic composites as waste forms for the immobilization of lanthanide‐bearing uranium wastes
Authors: Lu Kimbal T. , Zhang Yingjie , Wei Tao , Murphy Gabriel L. , Bhuiyan Aurpa , Scales Nicholas , Zheng Rongkun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report a comprehensive study on lanthanide monouranate–based glass–ceramic (GC) composites as potential waste forms for the immobilization of the lanthanide actinide fraction waste arising from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Although the crystalline LnUO4precursor prepared via a nitrate route can be well stabilized in a sodium aluminoborosilicate glass, the in situ crystallization of EuUO4in glass from oxide precursors (Eu2O3and U3O8) is rather robust with regards to various processing conditions such as waste loadings, ceramic‐to‐glass ratios, and cooling rates. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed the detailed microstructures, where ∼1–5‐μm spheres for NdUO4and EuUO4, and ∼1–5‐μm rectangular crystals for DyUO4and HoUO4were observed in residual glasses. As designed, the pentavalent uranium has been confirmed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Overall, LnUO4‐based GC composite waste forms are chemically durable, offering flexible processing options with wide operating windows for SNF and process waste stream management.
Visual Analysis of Midwifery Research in China Based on Bibliometrics
Authors: He Jingjing , Wan Li , Yang Wenqian , Luo Biru 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThis study used bibliometrics to analyze the current trends, hotspots, and frontiers in Chinese midwifery research.MethodsA search was conducted among midwifery literature published from 2010 to 2020, and bibliometric and information visualization analyses were conducted using the acquired data. A bibliometric analysis was performed on the quantity and trends in midwifery research, distribution of and cooperation among research institutions, coauthorship, distribution of disciplines, high‐frequency keywords, and burst terms. Cooperation mode, research hotspots, and research frontiers were also analyzed.ResultsThe findings indicate that the number of midwifery research studies have been steadily increasing in China over the last decade. During the study period, Guangdong Province, which received the most research funding, produced the highest number of published articles, followed by Beijing and Shanghai. Research institutions related to midwifery are mainly universities with a strong focus on scientific research. Contemporary topics include core competencies and birth outcomes; research frontiers, including education; competence; and evidence‐based practice.DiscussionChina should accelerate in‐depth midwifery research; increase opportunities for regional, institutional, and team cooperation; promote the sublimation of midwifery work from practical experience to disciplinary theory; and provide higher‐quality professional services for maternal and child health. Bibliometric analyses may be used to examine midwifery research in other countries too.
Application of cryolipolysis in adipose tissue: A systematic review
Authors: Resende Leonor , Noites Andreia , Amorim Manuela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCryolipolysis is characterized by localized and controlled cooling of the subcutaneous adipose tissue, in a non‐invasive way, causing a localized panniculitis, followed by adipocyte death by apoptosis and, consequently, a decrease in adipose tissue in the treated area.Aim(s)To evaluate the scientific evidence and methodological qualities about effects, adverse reactions, and level of satisfaction of cryolipolysis for the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue.MethodsA systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA recommendation. Searches were conducted in different databases. We included studies that used a randomized control and self‐control design and were carried out in humans. Articles published in English and Portuguese were screened, with no time limit regarding the year of publication. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Rob2 scale.ResultsOf 381 articles, seven were considered eligible for inclusion. After applying the Cochrane Rob2 scale, five studies were included in the final sample. Most studies showed significant results for cryolipolysis in reducing localized fat. The incorporation of a dietary program into the treatment was shown to contribute to a significant improvement in the lipid profile and liver enzymes, which does not happen when cryolipolysis is applied in isolation. Rare adverse effects have been identified, but never persisting beyond a month.ConclusionsCryolipolysis is an effective technique for reducing localized fat, safe, and well tolerated, with most participants satisfied at the end of the treatment. However, more randomized controlled studies should be carried out, since there is a limited number of articles with good methodological quality.
Re‐Creation and Preservation: Augustine and Hobbes on Pride and Fallen Politics
Authors: Long Elly 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTMany scholars in religious ethics and political theory read Augustine's emphasis on pride as tied to a pessimism about politics and human nature as well as a neutralist vision of politics. Against these views, this essay argues that Augustine's vision of political humility is at once tied to a thick, non‐neutralist vision of the good and a limited view of politics' role in achieving this good on its own. To make this argument, I compare Augustine's largely neglected commentary on Genesis with that of Hobbes, a political pessimist with whom Augustine is often compared. While Hobbes's political combatting of pride adheres to a vision of mere “preservation,” Augustine's instead entails a vision of “re‐creation.” Political re‐creation is aspirational, participating in a re‐instantiation of creation's order, but it is also limited, since (re‐)creation is ultimately the work of God.
Who supports #MeToo and the Kavanaugh confirmation? Exploring tolerance for sexual harassment among young adults
Authors: Herrera Hernandez Erick , Oswald Debra L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractYoung adults have become increasingly involved in political and social movements around sexual harassment. This involvement likely reflects political identity as well ideological beliefs about sexual harassment. We examined how young adults’ ideological beliefs and political party identity are associated with their tolerance of sexual harassment, support for the #MeToo movement and the confirmation of Justice Kavanaugh. Tolerance for sexual harassment was positively associated with endorsement of rape myth acceptance, hostile and benevolent sexism, and was negatively associated with feminist identity, but not associated with gender or political party identity. In contrast, political party identity played an increasingly important role in predicting support for the #MeToo movement and the confirmation of Justice Kavanaugh, such that those who strongly identify as Republican were more likely to support Justice Kavanaugh and not support the #MeToo movement. These findings suggest the #MeToo movement, and the confirmation decision are not perceived as entirely about sexual harassment but increasingly as political issues. Therefore, sexual harassment workplace or university trainings should consider addressing ideological factors. Additionally, in order for anti‐sexual harassment laws to be supported by people of all political parties, it is important to frame the issue as nonpolitical.
Reducing antibiotic use in asymptomatic term infants exposed to maternal chorioamnionitis: Predictive role of sepsis risk calculator
Authors: Dsouza Vanessa , Kothari Nakul , Mishra Umesh , Jani Pranav , Maheshwari Rajesh , Shah Dharmesh , D'Cruz Daphne , Baird Jane , Luig Melissa 
Published: July 2022

AimThe sepsis risk calculator (SRC) has been shown to reduce empirical antibiotic usage in neonates at risk of early‐onset sepsis without increasing adverse clinical outcomes. However, its use for categorising and improving identification of at‐risk neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis in the local population has not been reported. This study compares the management guided by the SRC to our unit's clinical practice of administering empirical antibiotics to all term neonates (born ≥37 weeks gestation), symptomatic and asymptomatic, who were exposed to chorioamnionitis, and evaluates the performance of the SRC in managing asymptomatic term neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis.MethodsThis single‐centre retrospective study identified 178 eligible term neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis over a 17‐month study period. Relevant demographic and clinical information on the mother–infant dyad was collected. The SRC was executed retrospectively in the study cohort. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting the findings.ResultsThe mean gestational age was 39 (standard deviation, SD 1) weeks, and the mean birth weight was 3472 (SD 482) g. Of the 178 neonates, 136 (76%) were asymptomatic and received empirical antibiotic therapy for 2 days (mean). Based on management recommendations from the SRC, empirical antibiotic therapy could have been avoided in 98% of asymptomatic neonates; 88% could have been managed by observation alone, avoiding mother–infant separation. No neonate died or had a positive blood culture result.ConclusionsThe SRC could reduce antibiotic exposure in asymptomatic neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis. It could assist clinicians to categorise risk in neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis.
Dental providers' perceptions of the feasibility and acceptability of implementing vaccine administration programs in dental settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Gruß Inga , Papajorgji‐Taylor Dea , Tommasi Natalia P. , Pihlstrom Daniel J. , Hendrickson Brian P. , Ikeda Jana , Manning Walter , Madden Theresa , Fellows Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesInvolving dental offices in routine vaccinations could have a positive impact on public health. In this study, we assessed dental providers' attitudes and perceptions regarding implementing vaccination in dental settings.MethodsWe performed semi‐structured interviews with 31 dental providers (25 dentists and 6 dental hygienists) enrolled in the Western region of the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network as of June 28, 2021. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. We analyzed transcripts using deductive and inductive coding approaches.ResultsWe identified three main themes that captured the perceptions of dental practitioners regarding the feasibility of implementing vaccine administration in a dental setting: (1) dental practitioners perceive contributing to the public health mission of disease prevention as having high value, (2) dental practitioners face considerable complexity when deciding whether to implement vaccine administration, and (3) dental practitioners do not understand current laws and associated reimbursement models related to vaccine administration.ConclusionsTo make vaccination commonplace in dental practices, legal changes to allow dental practitioners to administer vaccines should be followed by concrete guidance and relevant trainings to help interested dental practitioners successfully implement vaccination programs in their clinical settings.
Word‐Combination‐Based Measures of Phraseological Diversity, Sophistication, and Complexity and Their Relationship to Second Language Chinese Proficiency and Writing Quality
Authors: Hu Renfen , Wu Jifeng , Lu Xiaofei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship of a set of word‐combination‐based measures of phraseological diversity, sophistication, and complexity to second language (L2) Chinese proficiency and writing quality in comparison to that of a set of large‐grained topic‐comment‐unit‐based measures. Our dataset consisted of 101 assessed narratives produced by Korean learners of Chinese as a L2 at 3 proficiency levels. Multiple phraseological measures exhibited stronger correlations with quality ratings and/or larger effect sizes for proficiency than did the large‐grained topic‐comment‐unit‐based measures. Measures pertaining to language‐specific features, including topic‐comment‐unit‐based measures and phraseological measures based on language‐specific word combination types, exhibited stronger discriminative power for intermediate and advanced levels than for beginning and intermediate levels. Our results also revealed the importance of predicate‐related combinations in assessing L2 Chinese phraseological diversity and complexity. We discuss the implications of our findings for L2 Chinese writing research and L2 Chinese pedagogy.
Altered ethanol metabolism and increased oxidative stress enhance alcohol‐associated liver injury in farnesoid X receptor‐deficient mice
Authors: Morel Caroline , Chowdhary Vivek , Thevkar Nagesh Prashanth , Ribeiro Marcelle , Hawryluk Danielle , Catalano Donna , Adorini Luciano , Szabo Gyongyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsPharmacological activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) ameliorates liver injury, steatosis and inflammation in mouse models of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of FXR against ALD remain unclear.MethodsTo investigate the role of FXR in ALD, we used the NIAAA model of chronic plus binge ethanol feeding in FXR‐deficient knockout (FXR KO) mice.ResultsEthanol‐mediated liver injury and steatosis were increased in FXR KO mice, while both WT and FXR KO mice consumed the same amount of alcohol. Ethanol feeding induced liver inflammation and neutrophil infiltration that were further increased in FXR KO mice. In addition, collagen accumulation and expression of profibrotic genes were markedly elevated in the liver of alcohol‐fed FXR KO compared to wild‐type mice, suggesting that ethanol‐induced liver fibrosis is enhanced in the absence of FXR. Surprisingly, FXR KO mice showed reduced blood alcohol levels post‐binge, while CYP2E1 and ALDH1A1 were upregulated compared to WT mice, suggesting that alcohol metabolism is altered in FXR KO mice. Notably, exacerbated liver injury in FXR KO mice was associated with increased oxidative stress. ALDH1A1 activity was upregulated in FXR‐deficient mouse primary hepatocytes, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, in vitro. Finally, using an ALDH1A1 inhibitor, we showed that ALDH1A1 activity is a key contributor to alcohol‐induced ROS generation in FXR‐deficient hepatocytes, in vitro.ConclusionALD pathogenesis in FXR KO mice correlates with altered ethanol metabolism and increased oxidative stress, providing new insights into the protective function of FXR in ALD.
Supervising the senior medical resident: Entrusting the role, supporting the tasks
Authors: Hatala Rose , Ginsburg Shiphra , Gauthier Stephen , Melvin Lindsay , Taylor David , Gingerich Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPostgraduate competency‐based medical education has been implemented with programmatic assessment that relies on entrustment‐based ratings. Yet, in less procedurally oriented specialties such as internal medicine, the relationship between entrustment and supervision remains unclear. We undertook the current study to address how internal medicine supervisors conceptualise entrusting senior medical residents while supervising them on the acute care wards.MethodsGuided by constructivist grounded theory, we interviewed 19 physicians who regularly supervised senior internal medicine residents on inpatient wards at three Canadian universities. We developed a theoretical model through iterative cycles of data collection and analysis using a constant comparative process.ResultsOn the internal medicine ward, the senior resident role is viewed as a fundamentally managerial and rudimentary version of the supervisor's role. Supervisors come to trust their residents in the senior role through an early ‘hands‐on’ period of assessment followed by a gradual withdrawal of support to promote independence. When considering entrustment, supervisors focused on entrusting a particular scope of the senior resident role as opposed to entrustment of individual tasks. Irrespective of the scope of the role that was entrusted, supervisors at times stepped in and stepped back to support specific tasks.ConclusionSupervisors' stepping in and stepping back to support individual tasks on the acute care ward has an inconsistent relationship to their entrustment of the resident with a particular scope of the senior resident role. In this context, entrustment‐based assessment would need to capture more of the holistic perspective of the supervisor's entrustment of the senior resident role. Understanding the dance of supervision, from relatively static overall support of the resident in their role, to fluidly stepping in and out for specific patient care tasks, allows us insight into the affordances of the supervisory relationship and how it may be leveraged for assessment.
The master role of siRNAs in plant immunity
Authors: Kong Xiuzhen , Yang Meng , Le Brandon H. , He Wenrong , Hou Yingnan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGene silencing mediated by small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) is a fundamental gene regulation mechanism in eukaryotes that broadly governs cellular processes. It has been established that sRNAs are critical regulators of plant growth, development, and antiviral defence, while accumulating studies support positive roles of sRNAs in plant defence against bacteria and eukaryotic pathogens such as fungi and oomycetes. Emerging evidence suggests that plant sRNAs move between species and function as antimicrobial agents against nonviral parasites. Multiple plant pathosystems have been shown to involve a similar exchange of small RNAs between species. Recent analysis about extracellular sRNAs shed light on the understanding of the selection and transportation of sRNAs moving from plant to parasites. In this review, we summarize current advances regarding the function and regulatory mechanism of plant endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in mediating plant defence against pathogen intruders including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and parasitic plants. Beyond that, we propose potential mechanisms behind the sorting of sRNAs moving between species and the idea that engineering siRNA‐producing loci could be a useful strategy to improve disease resistance of crops.
Updating without evidence
Authors: Isaacs Yoaav , Russell Jeffrey Sanford 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSometimes you are unreliable at fulfilling your doxastic plans: for example, if you plan to be fully confident in all truths, probably you will end up being fully confident in some falsehoods by mistake. In some cases, there is information that plays the classical role of evidence—your beliefs are perfectly discriminating with respect to some possible facts about the world—and there is a standard expected‐accuracy‐based justification for planning to conditionalize on this evidence. This planning‐oriented justification extends to some cases where you do not have transparent evidence, in the sense that your beliefs are not perfectly discriminating with respect to any non‐trivial facts. In other cases, accuracy considerations do not tell you to plan to conditionalize on any information at all, but rather to plan to follow a different updating rule. Even in the absence of evidence, accuracy considerations can guide your doxastic plan.