bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threatened abortion, threatened premature labor, and preterm birth during the first state of emergency for COVID‐19 in 2020 in Japan
Authors: Okawa Sumiyo , Hosokawa Yoshihiko , Nanishi Keiko , Zaitsu Masayoshi , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined the maternal experience of threatened abortion, threatened premature labor, or preterm birth before, during, and after the first state of emergency for COVID‐19 in 2020 in Japan.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, internet‐based questionnaire survey. We recruited 600 postpartum women and divided them into three groups by date of delivery: before (October 2019–March 2020), during (April–May 2020), and after (June–October 2020) the first state of emergency. The outcome was the presence of at least one of the following complications: threatened abortion, threatened premature labor, and/or preterm birth. The prevalence ratios (PRs) of the outcome were calculated and compared among the three groups using a multivariable Poisson regression model with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsOf the 553 women eligible for analysis, those who delivered during (PR 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.99) and after (PR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.90) the state of emergency were less likely to have experienced either threatened abortion, threatened premature labor, or preterm birth than those who delivered before the state of emergency. Among the adjustment variables, smoking at the time of survey (PR 1.68, 95% CI 1.01–2.80) and living in the prefectures with a population of >5 million (PR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51–0.97) were associated with the study outcome.ConclusionThreatened abortion, threatened premature labor, or preterm birth appeared to decrease during and after the first state of emergency in 2020. The longitudinal effects of coronavirus disease on maternal and newborn health should be monitored continuously.
The Aura of the Local in Chinese Anthropology: Grammars, Media and Institutions of Attention Management
Authors: Steinmüller Hans 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the late Qing dynasty, Chinese scholars have confronted the challenges of indigenisation: what are the limits of (Western) universalism, and how can social science, history, and anthropology become ‘Chinese’? This article deals with a series of Chinese ‘native anthropologies’, from Republican‐era outlines of ethnology and anthropology, to current anthropologies of history, urban experience, and immorality. Rather than an assessment of the merits and flaws of indigenisation in these debates, I analyse the social practices of attention management that decided which scholars and texts became influential, and which ones were ignored. These practices of attention management include the grammars, media, and institutions, within which interaction networks were established and scholarly communities formed. What held the attention of many fellow anthropologists was the aura of the local conveyed: a sense of incommensurability based on the unlikely identification of the anthropologist with the subject of study and with the intended reader. The aura of the local, I argue, appeared precisely when new grammars (such as empiricism and social theory), media (e.g. academic journals, books), and institutions (universities, government offices) made it increasingly difficult for anthropologists to construct shared understandings with the people they studied and the readers they wrote for.
Prevalence of tooth grinding in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kammer Pedro Vitali , Moro Juliana Silva , Soares Josiane Pezzini , Massignan Carla , Phadraig Caoimhin Mac Giolla , Bolan Michele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the prevalence of tooth grinding and/or clenching (TGC) in children and adolescents with a neurodevelopmental disorder or other developmental condition.MethodsA search was performed in seven databases, two sources of grey literature and reference lists of included studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. We used random‐effects models with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation for the meta‐analyses.ResultsAfter selection, 77 of the 2240 studies met inclusion criteria and were categorised by disability and type of TGC (reported, clinically observed and definitive). The pooled prevalence of reported TGC in individuals with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder was 57.6% (95% CI [confidence interval]: 49.5–65.6), 50.4% (95% CI: 35.5–65.4) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, 67% (95% CI: 59.2–74.8) in cerebral palsy and 68.2% (95% CI: 59.8–76.6) in Down syndrome. Pooled prevalence of clinically observed TGC was 57.5% (95% CI: 31.6–83.4) in autism spectrum disorder and 71.9% (95% CI: 52.4–91.4) in cerebral palsy. Individuals with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder presented 39.8% (95% CI: 24–55.6) of definitive TGC.ConclusionPrevalence of reported, clinically observed, and definitive TGC varies according to disabilities, although due to high heterogeneity the result should be interpreted with caution. Variations exist mainly due to sampling bias and the use of non‐validated methods to assess TGC. CRD42020212640.
Immunohistochemical analysis of pyroptosis‐related protein expression in IgG4‐related sialadenitis
Authors: Pu Jiao , Jia Mengying , Shi Wei , Hu Lulu , Wang Fang , Niu Yaqi , Tong Qiaoying , Gong Zhongcheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNLRP3 (NOD‐, LRR‐ and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3)‐induced pyroptosis is involved in the development of a variety of autoimmune diseases, but its role in IgG4‐related sialadenitis (IgG4‐RS) is unclear.MethodsSalivary gland tissues from 19 patients with IgG4‐RS were designated the experimental group, and peritumoral tissues from 20 patients with benign salivary gland tumours were designated the control group. The cell morphology and fibrosis in the IgG4‐RS samples were observed by haematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome (MT) staining. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to determine pyroptosis‐related proteins (NLRP3, ASC (apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD), Caspase‐1, GSDMD (gasdermin family members, including digestive dermatin D), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin 18 (IL‐18)) expression levels.ResultsIncreased lymphoid follicle proliferation, germinal centre plasma cell infiltration, and irregular fibrosis were observed in the experimental group compared with the control group. The NLRP3, ASC, Caspase‐1, GSDMD, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis study suggested that pyroptosis‐related proteins might be involved in IgG4‐RS pathogenesis. However, the specific cellular pathway involved and whether multiple cell death pathways contribute to the occurrence of IgG4‐RS still need to be further studied.
Centralised pathology service for sentinel node biopsy in oral cavity cancer: The Southeast England Consortium experience
Authors: Patel Helina N. , Bowe Conor , Garg Montey , Tighe David , Gulati Aakshay , Norris Paul , Kerawala Cyrus , McGurk Mark , Bisase Brian , Thavaraj Selvam , Schilling Clare 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy is an increasingly recognised option for accurate staging and subsequent management of the clinically negative neck in early stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. However, the technique is currently underused due to several logistic constraints including increased burden on pathology services. Here, we describe the feasibility of an outsourced centralised pathology processing and reporting service for sentinel lymph node biopsies in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Patients and methodsThe Southeast England Consortium comprises four surgical centres utilising a central pathology service. Consecutive cases between January 2016 and February 2020 were retrospectively evaluated for survival outcomes and laboratory turnaround times.ResultsTwenty‐eight per cent from a cohort of 139 patients had positive sentinel nodes. There was a trend towards greater overall, disease‐free and disease‐specific survival (OS, DFS and DSS, respectively) in sentinel node negative compared to sentinel node positive patients, but these differences were not statistically significant. The sensitivity, negative predictive value and false negative rate were 92.8%, 97.0% and 6.8%, respectively. The mean and mode laboratory TAT were 5 and 4 working days, respectively.ConclusionAn outsourced centralised pathology service is a feasible option to widen the availability of sentinel node biopsy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
Neurological complications in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Sharaf Mohammad A , Mohammed Maha Z 
Published: February 2022

AimThis study aimed at describing the incidence, risk factors and outcomes for neurological manifestations in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and determining correctable factors that could lower the risk for these complications.MethodsThe medical records of all children with NS who presented to Nephrology clinic, Ain Shams University Children hospital (a tertiary hospital) from April 2018 to April 2020 were reviewed retrospectively for the clinical progression of NS with special emphasis on neurological manifestations, contributory risk factors and outcomes.ResultsAmong 67 children with NS, 13 children had neurological events. Seven patients had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), four patients suffered from cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) and two patients presented with arterial strokes. Hypertension was significantly higher in patients with NS and neurological manifestations (NS/N+) when compared to patients with NS without neurological manifestations (NS/N−) (76.9% vs. 40.7%; P = 0.019). NS/N+ group had significantly higher levels of triglycerides and cholesterol (209.7 ± 41.4 and 323.6 ± 40.7 in NS/N+ vs. 181.96 ± 31.8 and 243.8 ± 38.8 in NS/N−). Prothrombotic tendency was significantly higher in NS/N+ group as compared to NS/N− group. All patients recovered totally except patients with arterial strokes who had residual hemiparesis.ConclusionNeurological complications in form of PRES, CSVT and arterial strokes were detected in children with NS. The outcome was favourable in most of the cases. Investment in parental education about the importance of follow up of blood pressure, dietary modification and good hydration could help in minimising the risk of patients with NS to develop neurological complications.
The impact of a multidisciplinary care package for vaccination in needle phobic children: An observational study
Authors: Doyle Rebecca , Donaldson Alex , Philips Leanne , Nelson Laurelle , Clark Julia E. , Wen Sophie Chien‐Hui 
Published: February 2022

AimsChildren with severe needle phobia find vaccination extremely distressing and can remain unvaccinated, which puts them at an increased risk of contracting and transmitting vaccine preventable disease. Referral to a specialist or hospital service may occur when they cannot be safely vaccinated in the community, but engagement of allied health services can be inconsistent. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary, consumer‐oriented model of care on vaccinations for needle phobic children.MethodsNeedle phobic children aged between 6 and 16 years attended multidisciplinary consultation, as part of a care package, to assess previous experiences and determine the level of intervention that was required to support vaccination. A multidisciplinary case meeting followed this appointment and an individualised plan formulated for each patient. The main outcome of the project was rate of successful vaccination.ResultsThe care package resulted in a successful vaccination rate of 83% (n = 20) with 69 vaccines administered across three clinics. Of those successful, 90% required multiple injections per visit. The majority of patients indicated moderate to high level of anxiety. Supportive care was escalated and de‐escalated as tolerated.ConclusionsResults demonstrate the diversity of patients presenting with needle phobia and indicate an individualised, collaborative approach is preferable to a ‘one size fits all’ model of care. The study highlights a need for the development of guidelines that streamline the assessment and individualisation of procedural anxiety plans to meet patient needs and embed these processes into standard care.
The mental health and well‐being of adults with intellectual disability during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: A narrative review
Authors: Lunsky Yona , Jahoda Andrew , Navas Patricia , Campanella Sabrina , Havercamp Susan M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrior to the start of the pandemic, adults with intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to experience mental health difficulties and face barriers obtaining mental health care. COVID‐related public health restrictions, combined with heightened challenges to obtain timely mental health care, have served to worsen this situation internationally, with a combination of new onset conditions and worsening mental health for those already struggling. In this narrative review, we summarize literature on the mental health of adults with ID during the COVID‐19 pandemic to describe what is known based on clinician perceptions, existing administrative health data, family and staff perceptions, and self‐report. In addition to noting similarities and differences in findings based on the source of information, we also explored how experiences differed depending on where and when the research was conducted. Based primarily on research conducted during the first six months of the pandemic, there is a consistent finding across sources of increased anxiety, stress, and isolation. This review also explored the delivery of virtual mental health care and the impact of pandemic‐based mental health interventions. There have been very few research studies evaluating clinical care during this time but clinicians have managed to provide supports virtually, which has been evaluated positively by some individuals. This narrative review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggests key directions for future mental health research, policy, and practice efforts. Any mental health efforts now and during pandemic recovery need to have an understanding of how the mental health needs and services for adults with ID have evolved over the course of the pandemic. Further research is needed on the impact of both clinical interventions and other nonclinical efforts on the mental health of people with ID.
Ethics framework and recommendations to support capabilities of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during pandemics
Authors: Sullivan William F. , Björne Petra , Heng John , Northway Ruth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA growing body of knowledge highlights the negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the health and well‐being of many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) and their caregivers. The underlying reasons are not only due to biomedical factors but also ethical issues. They stem from longstanding and pervasive structural injustices and negative social attitudes that continue to devalue people with IDD and that underlie certain clinical decisions and frameworks for public‐health policies during this pandemic. Unless these fundamental ethical shortcomings are addressed, pandemic responses will continue to undermine the human rights and well‐being of people with IDD. This paper proposes an ethics framing for policy and practices regarding clinical care and public health based on Martha Nussbaum's approach to Capability Theory. Such a framework can reorient healthcare professionals and healthcare systems to support the capabilities of people with IDD to protect, recover, and promote health and well‐being. It could be applied during this pandemic and in planning for future pandemics. The paper presents some practical recommendations that follow from applying this framework.
Cross‐Cultural Investigation in Differential Perceptions of Externalizing Symptoms
Authors: Watabe Yuko , Lee Steve K. , Matsuhashi Yuka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current study examined cross‐cultural differences in perceptions of certain externalizing symptoms, such as those of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – hyperactivity impulsivity (ADHD‐HI) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5). For this study, 39 American and 34 Japanese college students rated the acceptability of externalizing symptoms. The results showed cross‐cultural patterns of perceptions for externalizing symptoms. In terms of ADHD‐HI symptoms, Americans were less accepting of “often interrupts or intrudes on others” and “often has difficulty awaiting his or her turn” while Japanese individuals were less accepting of “often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat” and “often on the go, acting as if driven by motor.” For ODD symptoms, Americans were less accepting of “often blames others,” “often actively defies or refuses to comply with request,” “is often angry and resentful,” “often loses temper,” and “often deliberately annoys others.” This study showed the possible perceptual differences of symptoms between Japanese and American populations, which may be the first step in testing the nonequivalence of DSM‐5 constructs of externalizing disorders.
Evaluation of the impact of UV radiation on rheological and textural properties of food
Authors: Pandiselvam Ravi , Barut Gök Sıla , Yüksel Ayşe Nur , Tekgül Yeliz , Çalişkan Koç Gülşah , Kothakota Anjineyulu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDemand for healthy, safe, and high‐quality foods and disadvantages of thermal processing methods such as quality losses supported the improvement of the novel, affordable, and quick nonthermal food preservation techniques such as UV light. UV‐C light (200–280 nm) radiation is an emerging technology for the disinfection of pathogen microorganisms, increasing the shelf life of foods, and used for pasteurization, surface sterilization, cleaning of equipment and water, and so on. Sensory perceptions of foods are effective on the consumer choice, acceptability, and consumption of foods. Rheology term, which also includes texture and mouthfeel, is primarily important for sensory perception, processing of foods, and shelf stability. Therefore, the determination of the effect of different processing methods on the textural and rheological properties of the food products is important. Rheological and textural changes generally occur in the surface of UV‐C‐irradiated samples due to the low penetration of UV‐C light. The UV light treatment may cause internal disruption of cell membranes, which in turn cause loss of turgidity, weaken the cell walls, and contraction of tissues, which are related to the changes in the textural and rheological properties of foods. The present review focuses on the effect of UV‐C radiation on the rheology and textural properties of food products.
A novel transcriptional activation mechanism of inulinase gene in Kluyveromyces marxianus involving a glycolysis regulator KmGcr1p with unique and functional Q‐rich repeats
Authors: Li Fengyi , Wang Mengqi , Chi Zhe , Zhang Zhaoxuan , Wang Xiaoxiang , Xing Mengdan , Chi Zhenming , Liu Guanglei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKluyveromyces marxianus is the most suitable fungus for inulinase industrial production. However, the underlying transcriptional activation mechanism of the inulinase gene (INU1) is hitherto unclear. Here, we undertook genetic and biochemical analyses to elucidate that a glycolysis regulator KmGcr1p with unique Q‐rich repeats is the key transcriptional activator of INU1. We determined that INU1 and glycolytic genes share similar transcriptional activation patterns and that inulinase activity is induced by fermentable carbon sources including the hydrolysis products of inulin (fructose and glucose), which suggests a novel model of product feedback activation. Furthermore, all four CT‐boxes in the INU1 promoter are important for KmGcr1p DNA‐binding in vitro, but the most downstream CT‐box 1 primarily confers upstream activating sequence activity in vivo. More intriguingly, the use of artificial and natural GCR1 mutants suggests that the Q‐rich repeats act as a functional module to maintain KmGcr1p transcriptional activity by contributing to its solubility and DNA‐binding affinity. Altogether, this study uncovers a novel transcriptional activation mechanism for the inulinase gene, that is different from the previous understanding for filamentous fungi, but might have universal significance among inulinase‐producing yeasts, thereby leading to a better understanding of the regulation mechanism of yeast inulinase genes.
A crucial role for a node‐localized transporter, HvSPDT, in loading phosphorus into barley grains
Authors: Gu Mian , Huang Hengliang , Hisano Hiroshi , Ding Guangda , Huang Sheng , Mitani‐Ueno Namiki , Yokosho Kengo , Sato Kazuhiro , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Grains are the major sink of phosphorus (P) in cereal crops, accounting for 60–85% of total plant P, but the mechanisms underlying P loading into the grains are poorly understood.

We functionally characterized a transporter gene required for the distribution of P to the grains in barley (Hordeum vulgare), HvSPDT (SULTR‐like phosphorus distribution transporter).

HvSPDT encoded a plasma membrane‐localized Pi/H+ cotransporter. It was mainly expressed in the nodes at both the vegetative and reproductive stages. Furthermore, its expression was induced by inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency. In the nodes, HvSPDT was expressed in both the xylem and phloem region of enlarged and diffuse vascular bundles. Knockout of HvSPDT decreased the distribution of P to new leaves, but increased the distribution to old leaves at the vegetative growth stage under low P supply. However, knockout of HvSPDT did not alter the redistribution of P from old to young organs. At the reproductive stage, knockout of HvSPDT significantly decreased P allocation to the grains, resulting in a considerable reduction in grain yield, especially under P‐limited conditions.

Our results indicate that node‐based HvSPDT plays a crucial role in loading P into barley grains through preferentially distributing P from the xylem and further to the phloem.
Simulating environmentally‐sensitive tree recruitment in vegetation demographic models
Authors: Hanbury‐Brown Adam R. , Powell Thomas L. , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Wright S. Joseph , Kueppers Lara M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryVegetation demographic models (VDMs) endeavor to predict how global forests will respond to climate change. This requires simulating which trees, if any, are able to recruit under changing environmental conditions. We present a new recruitment scheme for VDMs in which functional‐type‐specific recruitment rates are sensitive to light, soil moisture and the productivity of reproductive trees.We evaluate the scheme by predicting tree recruitment for four tropical tree functional types under varying meteorology and canopy structure at Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We compare predictions to those of a current VDM, quantitative observations and ecological expectations.We find that the scheme improves the magnitude and rank order of recruitment rates among functional types and captures recruitment limitations in response to variable understory light, soil moisture and precipitation regimes.Our results indicate that adopting this framework will improve VDM capacity to predict functional‐type‐specific tree recruitment in response to climate change, thereby improving predictions of future forest distribution, composition and function.