bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral functional impairment may cause malnutrition following oral cancer treatment in a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Morioka Reon , Matsuda Yuhei , Kato Akira , Okui Tatsuo , Okuma Satoe , Tatsumi Hiroto , Kanno Takahiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOral dysfunction and dysphagia after oral cancer treatment are linked to altered nutritional status. We aimed to identify specific oral functions related to nutritional status. We conducted a cross-sectional study from September 2019 to December 2021, recruited 75 participants (median age: 72.0 years), including 52 males and 23 females, collected background data, and evaluated oral function. The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) scores were divided into three groups (normal nutritional status, at risk of malnutrition, and malnourished), and a multi-group comparison was conducted for each oral function measurement (microorganisms, oral dryness, occlusal force, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and Eating Assessment Tool [EAT-10]). The primary tumor site was the tongue in 31 patients (41.3%), gingiva in 30 (40.0%), and others in 14 (18.7%). Multiple comparisons revealed significant differences in occlusal force, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and EAT-10 levels, categorized as Type I (Transport type) and Type III (Occlusion type) postoperative oral dysfunctions, between each MNA-SF group. Multiple regression analysis showed a statistically significant association with MNA-SF in terms of masticatory function and EAT-10 levels, categorized as Type I. Type I and Type III are risk factors for malnutrition, confirming that different types of postoperative oral dysfunction require unique nutritional guidance.
Development of a novel method for measuring tissue oxygen pressure to improve the hypoxic condition in subcutaneous islet transplantation
Authors: Mitsugashira Hiroaki , Imura Takehiro , Inagaki Akiko , Endo Yukiko , Katano Takumi , Saito Ryusuke , Miyagi Shigehito , Watanabe Kimiko , Kamei Takashi , Unno Michiaki , Goto Masafumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSubcutaneous tissue is a promising site for islet transplantation, but poor engraftment, due to hypoxia and low vascularity, hinders its prevalence. However, oxygen partial pressure (pO2) of the subcutaneous space (SC) and other sites were reported to be equivalent in several previous reports. This contradiction may be based on accidental puncture to the indwelling micro-vessels in target tissues. We therefore developed a novel optical sensor system, instead of a conventional Clark-type needle probe, for measuring tissue pO2 and found that pO2 of the SC was extremely low in comparison to other sites. To verify the utility of this method, we transplanted syngeneic rat islets subcutaneously into diabetic recipients under several oxygenation conditions using an oxygen delivery device, then performed pO2 measurement, glucose tolerance, and immunohistochemistry. The optical sensor system was validated by correlating the pO2 values with the transplanted islet function. Interestingly, this novel technique revealed that islet viability estimated by ATP/DNA assay reduced to less than 75% by hypoxic condition at the SC, indicating that islet engraftment may substantially improve if the pO2 levels reach those of the renal subcapsular space. Further refinements for a hypoxic condition using the present technique may contribute to improving the efficiency of subcutaneous islet transplantation.
A novel empirical classification method for weak rock slope stability analysis
Authors: Azarafza Mohammad , Hajialilue Bonab Masoud , Derakhshani Reza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study presents a novel empirical classification system for stability analysis of rock slopes in weak rock based on their geotechnical and geological properties. For this purpose, consideration is given to the marly rock slopes, which include three main groups of weak rock (lime marlstone, marlstone, and marly limestone). The 40 different slopes located in the South Pars special zone (Assalouyeh), southwest of Iran, are targeted in classification. To prepare comprehensive graphical stability charts for weak rocks, extensive field surveys, sampling, geotechnical laboratory tests, and ground measurements are conducted in slope sites. Using the findings of the study, empirical stability charts for slopes composed of weak materials were developed. The charts are associated with geotechnical indexes, geo-units’ weathering impact, and in-situ stress conditions. Using these graphical charts assists in investigating the stability condition of rock slopes and estimating the geotechnical characteristics of clay-based weak rocks such as marlstones.
madd-4 plays a critical role in light against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Zhou Lifeng , Sheng Bicheng , Zhang Tianyuan , Liu Wenyi , Guo Kai , Yu Hongshi , Bai Liqun , Hu Jiafu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBursaphelenchus xylophilus is a notorious invasive species, causing extensive losses to pine ecosystems globally. Previous studies had shown that the development of B. xylophilus was seriously suppressed by light. However, the mechanism involved in the inhibition is unknown. Here, it is the first report that Bxy-madd-4 is a light-regulated gene, plays a potential role in B. xylophilus in responding to the blue light. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the expression level of Bxy-madd-4 declined by 86.39% under blue light. The reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR results were in accord with the transcriptome sequencing, confirming the expression level of Bxy-madd-4 was suppressed by blue light. Bxy-madd-4 promoter::mCherry reporter constructed in Caenorhabditis elegans were utilized to mimic the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Bxy-madd-4. Bxy-madd-4A promoter activity had a strong continuity throughout all development stages in C. elegans. Further RNA interference indicated that only 36.8% of the Bxy-madd-4 dsRNA treated embryos were hatched. Moreover, 71.6% of the hatched nematodes were abnormal, such as particles on the body surface and concave tissues. Our findings contribute towards a better understanding of the mechanism of light against the destructive invasive nematode, providing a promising hint for control of the destructive invasive nematode.
Engineered endosymbionts that alter mammalian cell surface marker, cytokine and chemokine expression
Authors: Madsen Cody S. , Makela Ashley V. , Greeson Emily M. , Hardy Jonathan W. , Contag Christopher H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping modular tools that direct mammalian cell function and activity through controlled delivery of essential regulators would improve methods of guiding tissue regeneration, enhancing cellular-based therapeutics and modulating immune responses. To address this challenge,Bacillus subtiliswas developed as a chassis organism for engineered endosymbionts (EES) that escape phagosome destruction, reside in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells, and secrete proteins that are transported to the nucleus to impact host cell response and function. Two synthetic operons encoding either the mammalian transcription factorsStat-1andKlf6orKlf4andGata-3were recombined into the genome ofB. subtilisexpressing listeriolysin O (LLO) fromListeria monocytogenesand expressed from regulated promoters. Controlled expression of the mammalian proteins fromB. subtilisLLO in the cytoplasm of J774A.1 macrophage/monocyte cells altered surface marker, cytokine and chemokine expression. Modulation of host cell fates displayed some expected patterns towards anti- or pro-inflammatory phenotypes by each of the distinct transcription factor pairs with further demonstration of complex regulation caused by a combination of the EES interaction and transcription factors. Expressing mammalian transcription factors from engineered intracellularB. subtilisas engineered endosymbionts comprises a new tool for directing host cell gene expression for therapeutic and research purposes.
CD44a functions as a regulator of p53 signaling, apoptosis and autophagy in the antibacterial immune response
Authors: Cao Lu , Fang Hong , Yan Dong , Wu Xiao Man , Zhang Jie , Chang Ming Xian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cell adhesion molecule CD44 has been implicated in diverse biological functions including the pathological responses to infections and inflammatory diseases. The variable forms of CD44 contribute to functional variations, which are not yet defined in teleost. Here, we show that zebrafish CD44a plays a protective role in the host defense againstEdwardsiella piscicidainfection. Zebrafish CD44a deficiency inhibits cell growth and proliferation, impairs cell growth and death pathways, and regulates the expression levels of many genes involved in p53 signaling, apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, CD44a gene disruption in zebrafish leads to inhibition of apoptosis and induction of autophagy, with the increased susceptibility toE. piscicidainfection. Furthermore, we show that zebrafish CD44a variants including CD44a_tv1 and CD44a_tv2 promote the translocation of p53 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and interact with p53 in the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, zebrafish CD44a_tv1 mediates the beneficial effect for larvae survival infected withE. piscicidais depending on the CASP8-mediated apoptosis. However, the antibacterial effect of zebrafish CD44a_tv2 depends on the cytoplasmic p53-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Collectively, our results identify that different mechanisms regulate CD44a variants-mediated antibacterial responses.
TTYH family members form tetrameric complexes at the cell membrane
Authors: Melvin Emelia , Kalaninová Zuzana , Shlush Elia , Man Petr , Giladi Moshe , Haitin Yoni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe conserved Tweety homolog (TTYH) family consists of three paralogs in vertebrates, displaying a ubiquitous expression pattern. Although considered as ion channels for almost two decades, recent structural and functional analyses refuted this role. Intriguingly, while all paralogs shared a dimeric stoichiometry following detergent solubilization, their structures revealed divergence in their relative subunit orientation. Here, we determined the stoichiometry of intact mouse TTYH (mTTYH) complexes in cells. Using cross-linking and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that mTTYH1 and mTTYH3 form tetramers at the plasma membrane, stabilized by interactions between their extracellular domains. Using blue-native PAGE, fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we reveal that detergent solubilization results in tetramers destabilization, leading to their dissolution into dimers. Moreover, HDX-MS demonstrates that the extracellular domains are stabilized in the context of the tetrameric mTTYH complex. Together, our results expose the innate tetrameric organization of TTYH complexes at the cell membrane. Future structural analyses of these assemblies in native membranes are required to illuminate their long-sought cellular function.
Why big data and compute are not necessarily the path to big materials science
Authors: Fujinuma Naohiro , DeCost Brian , Hattrick-Simpers Jason , Lofland Samuel E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractApplied machine learning has rapidly spread throughout the physical sciences. In fact, machine learning-based data analysis and experimental decision-making have become commonplace. Here, we reflect on the ongoing shift in the conversation from proving that machine learning can be used, to how to effectively implement it for advancing materials science. In particular, we advocate a shift from a big data and large-scale computations mentality to a model-oriented approach that prioritizes the use of machine learning to support the ecosystem of computational models and experimental measurements. We also recommend an open conversation about dataset bias to stabilize productive research through careful model interrogation and deliberate exploitation of known biases. Further, we encourage the community to develop machine learning methods that connect experiments with theoretical models to increase scientific understanding rather than incrementally optimizing materials. Moreover, we envision a future of radical materials innovations enabled by computational creativity tools combined with online visualization and analysis tools that support active outside-the-box thinking within the scientific knowledge feedback loop.
Spatially explicit life cycle assessments reveal hotspots of environmental impacts from renewable electricity generation
Authors: Schomberg Anna C. , Bringezu Stefan , Flörke Martina , Biederbick Hannes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRenewable energy generation has great potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, however, it may exacerbate other environmental impacts, such as water scarcity, elsewhere in the supply chain. Here, we reveal a wide range of global environmental impacts of concentrated solar power, run-of-river hydropower, and biomass burning compared to classical coal-fired power: Spatially explicit life cycle impact assessment is used to evaluate their supply chains with respect to demand for energy, land, material, and water, greenhouse gas emissions, and impacts on human health and ecosystem quality with a focus on mining. Hotspot analyses in terms of location and type of impact show that there is no clear preference for any of the technologies, mainly because water consumption is often critical on-site. The examined concentrated solar power plant is the least suitable for a sustainable energy transition: Its spatial hotspots are spreading the furthest globally and may exceed those of coal combustion in number and severity. The presented methodology is the basis to mitigate such environmental hotspots.
An efficient distributed algorithm for economic dispatch considering communication asynchrony and time delays
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Guo , Li Huaqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) to power grids has fostered the emergence of advanced control technologies for energy management. This study focuses on distributed solutions to economic dispatch considering asynchrony and non‐ideal communications. A distributed consensus‐based algorithm is developed for general directed networks, where heavy‐ball momentum is incorporated into the algorithm design to accelerate convergency. Subsequently, an asynchronous version is proposed based on a general asynchronous communication model with unpredictable, non‐uniform, and bounded time delays. Without a global clock in conventional synchronous distributed algorithms, distributed generators (DGs) are allowed to exchange information through local communications at any moment and use out‐sync information to execute new updates. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and verify its robustness against time delays.
An automatic plant leaf stoma detection method based on YOLOv5
Authors: Li Xin , Guo Siyu , Gong Linrui , Lan Yuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe stomata on the leaf surface are mainly responsible for the material exchange between the internal and external environments of the plant, a large number of methods have been proposed to automatically measure the distribution position and number of stomatal, but few methods could achieve both stomatal count and open/closed‐state judgment. Therefore, this study proposes an automatic detection method for leaf stomatal morphology analysis based on an attention mechanism and deep learning. In order to obtain more stomatal feature information and send it to the network for learning, the proposed method adds a coordinate attention (CA) mechanism to the YOLOV5 backbone part. At the same time, in order to avoid the overfitting of the model during the training process, the authors added the training trick of label smoothing. Finally, the detection ability of the proposed method for stomata is verified on the broad bean leaves stomata dataset. The experimental results show that our method achieves a detection accuracy of 0.934 and an mAP of 0.968. By comparing with other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, the detection capability of our method has been significantly improved. The generalization of the model is verified on the wheat leaf stomatal dataset. The experimental results show that our method can achieve a detection accuracy of 0.894 and an mAP of 0.907.
Infrastructure camera calibration with GNSS for vehicle localisation
Authors: Ojala Risto , Vepsäläinen Jari , Pirhonen Jesse , Tammi Kari 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntelligent transportation and smart city applications are currently on the rise. In many applications, diverse and accurate sensor perception of vehicles is crucial. Relevant information could be conveniently acquired with traffic cameras, as there is an abundance of cameras in cities. However, cameras have to be calibrated in order to acquire position data of vehicles. This paper proposes a novel automated calibration approach for partially connected vehicle environments. The approach utilises Global Navigation Satellite System positioning information shared by connected vehicles. Corresponding vehicle Global Navigation Satellite System locations and image coordinates are utilised to fit a direct transformation between image and ground plane coordinates. The proposed approach was validated with a research vehicle equipped with a Real‐Time Kinematic‐corrected Global Navigation Satellite System receiver driving past three different cameras. On average, the camera estimates contained errors ranging from 1.5 to 2.0 m, when compared to the Global Navigation Satellite System positions of the vehicle. Considering the vast lengths of the overlooked road sections, up to 140 m, the accuracy of the camera‐based localisation should be adequate for a number of intelligent transportation applications. In future, the calibration approach should be evaluated with fusion of stand‐alone Global Navigation Satellite System positioning and inertial measurements, to validate the calibration methodology with more common vehicle sensor equipment.
Trapping (sub-)Neptunes similar to TOI-216b at the inner disk rim
Authors: Chrenko O. , Chametla R. O. , Nesvorný D. , Flock M. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The occurrence rate of observed sub-Neptunes has a break at 0.1 au, which is often attributed to a migration trap at the inner rim of protoplanetary disks where a positive co-rotation torque prevents inward migration.
Aims. We argue that conditions in inner disk regions are such that sub-Neptunes are likely to open gaps, lose the support of the co-rotation torque as their co-rotation regions become depleted, and the trapping efficiency then becomes uncertain. We study what it takes to trap such gap-opening planets at the inner disk rim.
Methods. We performed 2D locally isothermal and non-isothermal hydrodynamic simulations of planet migration. A viscosity transition was introduced in the disk to (i) create a density drop and (ii) mimic the viscosity increase as the planet migrated from a dead zone towards a region with active magneto-rotational instability (MRI). We chose TOI-216b as a Neptune-like upper-limit test case, but we also explored different planetary masses, both on fixed and evolving orbits.
Results. For planet-to-star mass ratios q ≃ (4–8) × 10−5, the density drop at the disk rim becomes reshaped due to a gap opening and is often replaced with a small density bump centred on the planet's co-rotation. Trapping is possible only if the bump retains enough gas mass and if the co-rotation region becomes azimuthally asymmetric, with an island of librating streamlines that accumulate a gas overdensity ahead of the planet. The overdensity exerts a positive torque that can counteract the negative torque of spiral arms. Under suitable conditions, the overdensity turns into a Rossby vortex. In our model, efficient trapping depends on the a viscosity and its contrast across the viscosity transition. In order to trap TOI-216b, αDZ = 10−3 in the dead zone requires αMRI ≳ 5 × 10−2 in the MRI-active zone. If αDZ = 5 × 10−4, αMRI ≳ 7.5 × 10−2 is needed.
Conclusions. We describe a new regime of a migration trap relevant for massive (sub-)Neptunes that puts valuable constraints on the levels of turbulent stress in the inner part of their natal disks.
Supermicrosurgical Experience pertaining to Replantation of Tamai
Zone 1 Fingertip Amputations
Authors: Pamuk Çağdaş 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the advent of supermicrosurgery, the replantation of very distal finger
amputations has become possible. The choice between replantation or flap
surgeries in the treatment of Tamai Zone I finger amputations continues to be a
matter of debate. This study aims to evaluate replantation results in Tamai Zone
1 finger amputations. The demographic characteristics and clinical results of 39
patients undergoing replantation for a Tamai Zone 1 finger amputation between
2018 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The Cold Intolerance Severity Score
(CISS), two-point discrimination test (2-PD) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm,
Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) were calculated and recorded after a minimum
follow-up period of 6 months. The great majority of patients were males
(92.3%, n=36) who had suffered the injuries during work
accidents (89.7%, n=35). The socioeconomic status of the
patients showed a homogeneous distribution. Replant survival was achieved in
69.2% (n=27) of all fingers. The duration of the surgical
procedure in patients who underwent vein repair was significantly longer
(p<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between vein
repair and survival rate (p=0.348). This study shows that replantation
is a surgical intervention that should be given priority in patients with Tamai
Zone 1 amputations. In most cases of unsuccessful replantation, secondary
recovery results are also acceptable. Future studies with larger case series are
needed.
Evaluation of Anatomical Variations with Morphological Measurements and Their Relationship to Meniscal Injury and Ligament Damage
Authors: Oğuzdoğan Gülşen Yücel , Arslan Fatma Zeynep 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to reveal the anatomical risk factors for anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL and PCL) injuries and menisci injury. We aim to investigate whether there are significant relationships between tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, patella angle, trochlear sulcus angle (TSA), trochlear groove depth (TGD), medial and lateral trochlea length (MT and LT), MT/LT ratio, lateral patellar tilt angle (LPTA), patella-patellar tendon angle (P-PTA), quadriceps-patellar tendon angle (QPA), Insall-Salvati index (ISI), medial and lateral trochlear inclination (MTI and LTI) measurements and important common pathologies such as ACL, PCL, medial and lateral meniscal injuries (MM and LM), peripatellar fat pad edema, chondromalacia, and effusion. Thus, the mechanisms of injury will be better understood by revealing important anatomical variations for meniscus and ligament damage. Three hundred eighty patients with knee magnetic resonance imaging examination were included in this study. Our patients who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging were divided into groups according to the presence of MM tear, LM tear, ACL tear, PCL tear, peripatellar fat pad edema, chondromalacia and effusion. TT-TG distance, patella angle, TSA, TGD, MT, LT, MT/LT ratio, LPTA, P-PTA, QPA, ISI, MTI, and LTI were measured. In patients with ACL tear, age, LT, ML/LT ratio, and QPA measurements were found to be significantly higher. There was no significant difference between the participants' LPTA value and the presence of ACL tear, MM and LM injury. MT and ML/LT ratio were found to be significantly lower in the group with MM tear (p <0.001). The TT-TG distance was found to be significantly lower in the group with LM tear. Increased age, LT, ML/LT ratio, and QPA are predisposed risk for ACL tear. Decreased MT and ML/LT ratio are among the risk factors for MM tear. The anatomical variations are associated with ligament and meniscal injury.