bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effective delivery of digital CBT: a service evaluation exploring the outcomes of young people who completed video conferencing therapy in 2020
Authors: Porter Catherine M. , Galloghly Emily , Burbach Frank R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Despite its impressive evidence base, there is a widening access gap to receiving cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Video conferencing therapy (VCT) offers an effective solution for logistical barriers to treatment, which has been salient throughout the Coronavirus pandemic. However, research concerning the delivery of CBT via VCT for children and young people (CYP) is in its infancy, and clinical outcome data are limited. The aim of this service evaluation was to explore the effectiveness of a VCT CBT intervention for CYP referred from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the UK. A total of 989 records of CYP who had completed CBT via VCT in 2020 with Healios, a digital mental health company commissioned by the National Health Service (NHS), were examined to determine changes in anxiety, depression and progress towards personalised goals. Routine outcome measures (ROMs) were completed at baseline and endpoint, as well as session by session. Feedback was collected from CYP and their families at the end of treatment. There was a significant reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression and significant progress towards goals, with pre- to post-effect sizes (Cohen’s d) demonstrating medium to large effects (d=.45 to d=−1.39). Reliable improvement ranged from 31 to 80%, clinical improvement ranged from 33 to 50%, and 25% clinically and reliably improved on at least one measure; 92% reported that they would recommend Healios. This service evaluation demonstrates that Healios’ CBT delivered via VCT is effective for CYP receiving it as part of routine mental health care.

Key learning aims

(1)
To consider whether CBT can be effectively delivered in routine care via VCT.

(2)
To explore whether CBT delivered in routine care via VCT is acceptable to children, young people and their families.

(3)
To reflect on the benefits of VCT and the collection of a variety of ROMs via digital platforms.
Population dynamics of naturally occurring weed flora in response to crop rotation and HPPD-inhibiting herbicide-based treatments
Authors: Schwartz-Lazaro Lauren M. , Korres Nicholas E. , Bararpour Taghi , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Green Jeremy , Norsworthy Jason K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 3-yr field study was conducted in Keiser, AR, to investigate the response of the naturally occurring weed flora, dominated by Palmer amaranth, under various combinations of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide-based programs and crop rotation sequences. In the first year, corn plots were established with three corn HPPD-based herbicide programs designed to represent a range of efficacies and selection pressures for resistance. In the following two years, corn as monoculture or with soybean and/or cotton crops was included in the rotation sequence for selected herbicide programs. Weed emergence, weed biomass, and soil seedbank were assessed through the entire experimental period. The results show that crop rotation, especially a rotation sequence with corn followed by (fb) soybean fb cotton, and the lowest-risk herbicide program involving seven sites of action over the course of the entire crop rotation was effective in reducing the emergence of naturally occurring weeds, including Palmer amaranth, prickly sida, morningglory species, and grass weeds (broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, and johnsongrass) by 88.3%, 57.5%, 28.7%, and 76.3%, respectively. Treatments without crop rotation (corn as monoculture for 3 consecutive years) and poor herbicide programs, with one site of action, increased weed emergence, notably of Palmer amaranth and prickly sida, by 73.5% and 74.1%, respectively. The soil seedbank showed a similar trend to weed emergence. This study highlights the fact that reducing the weed seedbank cannot rely on one management practice but requires a multitactic approach with various control methods. HPPD-inhibiting herbicide programs seem to be effective on Palmer amaranth when coupled with crop rotation and should be used with other best management practices.
Neuroinflammation in HIV-associated depression: evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Mudra Rakshasa-Loots Arish , Whalley Heather C. , Vera Jaime H. , Cox Simon R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople living with HIV face a high risk of mental illness, especially depression. We do not yet know the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying HIV-associated depression. Depression severity in the general population has been linked to acute and chronic markers of systemic inflammation. Given the associations between depression and peripheral inflammation, and since HIV infection in the brain elicits a neuroinflammatory response, it is possible that neuroinflammation contributes to the high prevalence of depression amongst people living with HIV. The purpose of this review was to synthesise existing evidence for associations between inflammation, depression, and HIV. While there is strong evidence for independent associations between these three conditions, few preclinical or clinical studies have attempted to characterise their interrelationship, representing a major gap in the literature. This review identifies key areas of debate in the field and offers perspectives for future investigations of the pathophysiology of HIV-associated depression. Reproducing findings across diverse populations will be crucial in obtaining robust and generalisable results to elucidate the precise role of neuroinflammation in this pathophysiology.
Prolonged contextual fear memory in AMPA receptor palmitoylation-deficient mice
Authors: Oota-Ishigaki Akiko , Takao Keizo , Yamada Daisuke , Sekiguchi Masayuki , Itoh Masayuki , Koshidata Yumie , Abe Manabu , Natsume Rie , Kaneko Masaki , Adachi Toma , Kaizuka Toshie , Suzuki Nami , Sakimura Kenji , Okuno Hiroyuki , Wada Keiji , Mishina Masayoshi , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Takashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong-lasting fear-related disorders depend on the excessive retention of traumatic fear memory. We previously showed that the palmitoylation-dependent removal of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors prevents hyperexcitation-based epileptic seizures and that AMPA receptor palmitoylation maintains neural network stability. In this study, AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 C-terminal palmitoylation-deficient (GluA1C811S) mice were subjected to comprehensive behavioral battery tests to further examine whether the mutation causes other neuropsychiatric disease-like symptoms. The behavioral analyses revealed that palmitoylation-deficiency in GluA1 is responsible for characteristic prolonged contextual fear memory formation, whereas GluA1C811S mice showed no impairment of anxiety-like behaviors at the basal state. In addition, fear generalization gradually increased in these mutant mice without affecting their cued fear. Furthermore, fear extinction training by repeated exposure of mice to conditioned stimuli had little effect on GluA1C811S mice, which is in line with augmentation of synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons in the basolateral amygdala. In contrast, locomotion, sociability, depression-related behaviors, and spatial learning and memory were unaffected by the GluA1 non-palmitoylation mutation. These results indicate that impairment of AMPA receptor palmitoylation specifically causes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms.
Changes of immune-related factors in the blood of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients receiving monotherapy
Authors: Duan Fangyuan , Zhao Shunan , Xia Cuihua , Ren Zongyao , Yuan Ning , Xie Li , Wang Le , Xiong Yifan , Yu Pei , Chen Yu , Tian Jianghua , Dai Jiacheng , Lu Jiaqi , Xia Yan , Liu Xuejun , Chen Chao , Liu Chunyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are associated with abnormal expression of immune-related factors (IRFs), which have been proposed as biomarkers of either disease diagnosis (trait markers) or treatment (state markers). However, the state markers have been found to be less reproducible than the trait markers in previous studies. In the current study, we focused on the changes of IRFs in blood of SCZ and BPD patients receiving monotherapy. SCZ (N = 49) and BPD (N = 49) Chinese patients were recruited at acute episode and followed for 9 to 51 days until remission. Blood samples were collected at two state-points, acute state before treatment and remission state after treatment. A total of 41 IRFs in plasma were quantified by the Luminex assay. After adjusting covariates, we found four cytokines or cytokine receptors were significantly increased at remission when compared to acute episode in all the patients, including CD30, BAFF, CCL20, and CXCL10 (Bonferroni correctedp < 0.05). CD30 and BAFF were consistently increased in both SCZ and BPD while the increase of CCL20 was only observed in BPD but not SCZ when analyzing the two disorders separately. CXCL10 change was not significant in either SCZ or BPD alone. The changes of these four factors were correlated with each other, but not with clinical features. CD30 concentration in the BPD acute state was correlated with sleep quality (Spearman’srs = 0.365, Bonferroni correctedp < 0.05). Overall, we found that four factors (CD30, BAFF, CCL20, and CXCL10) might be associated with treatment of psychosis.
Diagnostic routes and time intervals for ovarian cancer in nine international jurisdictions; findings from the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP)
Authors: Menon Usha , Weller David , Falborg Alina Zalounina , Jensen Henry , Butler John , Barisic Andriana , Knudsen Anne Kari , Bergin Rebecca J. , Brewster David H. , Cairnduff Victoria , Fourkala Evangelia Ourania , Gavin Anna T. , Grunfeld Eva , Harland Elizabeth , Kalsi Jatinderpal , Law Rebecca-Jane , Lin Yulan , Turner Donna , Neal Richard D. , White Victoria , Harrison Samantha , Reguilon Irene , Lynch Charlotte , Vedsted Peter ,   ICBP Module 4 Working Group, Barisic Andriana , Gavin Anna , Hawryluk Breann , Anandan Chantelle , Donnelly Conan , Jensen Henry , Boylan Jackie , Kelly Jacqueline , Moore Kerry , Davis Maria Rejmyr , Malmberg Martin , Lambe Mats , Bucher Oliver , Vedsted Peter , Bergin Rebecca , Almberg Sigrun Saur , Kearney Therese , Kalsi Tindie , Hammersley Victoria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership Module 4 reports the first international comparison of ovarian cancer (OC) diagnosis routes and intervals (symptom onset to treatment start), which may inform previously reported variations in survival and stage.

Methods
Data were collated from 1110 newly diagnosed OC patients aged >40 surveyed between 2013 and 2015 across five countries (51–272 per jurisdiction), their primary-care physicians (PCPs) and cancer treatment specialists, supplement by treatment records or clinical databases. Diagnosis routes and time interval differences using quantile regression with reference to Denmark (largest survey response) were calculated.

Results
There were no significant jurisdictional differences in the proportion diagnosed with symptoms on the Goff Symptom Index (53%; P = 0.179) or National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NG12 guidelines (62%; P = 0.946). Though the main diagnosis route consistently involved primary-care presentation (63–86%; P = 0.068), onward urgent referral rates varied significantly (29–79%; P < 0.001). In most jurisdictions, diagnostic intervals were generally shorter and other intervals, in particular, treatment longer compared to Denmark.

Conclusion
This study highlights key intervals in the diagnostic pathway where improvements could be made. It provides the opportunity to consider the systems and approaches across different jurisdictions that might allow for more timely ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Ni-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes with unactivated β-C(sp2)−H bonds
Authors: Qi Shao-Long , Liu Yu-Peng , Li Yi , Luan Yu-Xin , Ye Mengchun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydroarylation of alkynes with unactivated C(sp2)−H bonds via chelated C−H metalation mainly occurs at γ-position to the coordinating atom of directing groups via stable 5-membered metallacycles, while β-C(sp2)−H bond-involved hydroarylation has been a formidable challenge. Herein, we used a phosphine oxide-ligated Ni−Al bimetallic catalyst to enable β-C−H bond-involved hydroarylations of alkynes via a rare 7-membered nickelacycle.
One-step removal of alkynes and propadiene from cracking gases using a multi-functional molecular separator
Authors: Wang Qingju , Hu Jianbo , Yang Lifeng , Zhang Zhaoqiang , Ke Tian , Cui Xili , Xing Huabin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRefineries generally employ multiple energy-intensive distillation/adsorption columns to separate and purify complicated chemical mixtures. Materials such as multi-functional molecular separators integrating various modules capable of separating molecules according to their shape and chemical properties simultaneously may represent an alternative. Herein, we address this challenge in the context of one-step removal of alkynes and propadiene from cracking gases (up to 10 components) using a multi-functional and responsive material ZU-33 through a guest/temperature dual-response regulation strategy. The responsive and guest-adaptive properties of ZU-33 provide the optimized binding energy for alkynes and propadiene, and avoid the competitive adsorption of olefins and paraffins, which is verified by breakthrough tests, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and simulation studies. The responsive properties to different stimuli endow materials with multiple regulation methods and broaden the boundaries of the applicability of porous materials to challenging separations.
Insights into methionine S-methylation in diverse organisms
Authors: Peng Ming , Li Chun-Yang , Chen Xiu-Lan , Williams Beth T. , Li Kang , Gao Ya-Nan , Wang Peng , Wang Ning , Gao Chao , Zhang Shan , Schoelmerich Marie C. , Banfield Jillian F. , Miller J. Benjamin , Le Brun Nick E. , Todd Jonathan D. , Zhang Yu-Zhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an important marine anti-stress compound, with key roles in global nutrient cycling, chemotaxis and, potentially, climate regulation. Recently, diverse marine Actinobacteria, α- and γ-proteobacteria were shown to initiate DMSP synthesis via the methionine (Met) S-methyltransferase enzyme (MmtN), generating S-methyl-Met (SMM). Here we characterize a roseobacterial MmtN, providing structural and mechanistic insights into this DMSP synthesis enzyme. We propose that MmtN uses the proximity and desolvation mechanism for Met S-methylation with two adjacent MmtN monomers comprising the Met binding site. We also identify diverse functional MmtN enzymes in potentially symbiotic archaeal Candidatus Woesearchaeota and Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria, and the animalcule Adineta steineri, not anticipated to produce SMM and/or DMSP. These diverse MmtN enzymes, alongside the larger plant MMT enzyme with an N-terminus homologous to MmtN, likely utilize the same proximity and desolvation mechanism. This study provides important insights into the catalytic mechanism of SMM and/or DMSP production, and proposes roles for these compounds in secondary metabolite production, and SMM cycling in diverse organisms and environments.
Direct observations of anomalous resistivity and diffusion in collisionless plasma
Authors: Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , André M. , Vaivads A. , Divin A. , Drake J. F. , Norgren C. , Le Contel O. , Lindqvist P.-A. , Rager A. C. , Gershman D. J. , Russell C. T. , Burch J. L. , Hwang K.-J. , Dokgo K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoulomb collisions provide plasma resistivity and diffusion but in many low-density astrophysical plasmas such collisions between particles are extremely rare. Scattering of particles by electromagnetic waves can lower the plasma conductivity. Such anomalous resistivity due to wave-particle interactions could be crucial to many processes, including magnetic reconnection. It has been suggested that waves provide both diffusion and resistivity, which can support the reconnection electric field, but this requires direct observation to confirm. Here, we directly quantify anomalous resistivity, viscosity, and cross-field electron diffusion associated with lower hybrid waves using measurements from the four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. We show that anomalous resistivity is approximately balanced by anomalous viscosity, and thus the waves do not contribute to the reconnection electric field. However, the waves do produce an anomalous electron drift and diffusion across the current layer associated with magnetic reconnection. This leads to relaxation of density gradients at timescales of order the ion cyclotron period, and hence modifies the reconnection process.
Transgenic Anopheles mosquitoes expressing human PAI-1 impair malaria transmission
Authors: Pascini Tales V. , Jeong Yeong Je , Huang Wei , Pala Zarna R. , Sá Juliana M. , Wells Michael B. , Kizito Christopher , Sweeney Brendan , Alves e Silva Thiago L. , Andrew Deborah J. , Jacobs-­Lorena Marcelo , Vega-Rodríguez Joel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn mammals, the serine protease plasmin degrades extracellular proteins during blood clot removal, tissue remodeling, and cell migration. The zymogen plasminogen is activated into plasmin by two serine proteases: tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a process regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor that specifically inhibits tPA and uPA. Plasmodium gametes and sporozoites use tPA and uPA to activate plasminogen and parasite-bound plasmin degrades extracellular matrices, facilitating parasite motility in the mosquito and the mammalian host. Furthermore, inhibition of plasminogen activation by PAI-1 strongly blocks infection in both hosts. To block parasite utilization of plasmin, we engineered Anopheles stephensi transgenic mosquitoes constitutively secreting human PAI-1 (huPAI-1) in the midgut lumen, in the saliva, or both. Mosquitoes expressing huPAI-1 strongly reduced rodent and human Plasmodium parasite transmission to mosquitoes, showing that co-opting plasmin for mosquito infection is a conserved mechanism among Plasmodium species. huPAI-1 expression in saliva induced salivary gland deformation which affects sporozoite invasion and P. berghei transmission to mice, resulting in significant levels of protection from malaria. Targeting the interaction of malaria parasites with the fibrinolytic system using genetically engineered mosquitoes could be developed as an intervention to control malaria transmission.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a potently inhibits the antiviral effect of the host factor SERINC5
Authors: Timilsina Uddhav , Umthong Supawadee , Ivey Emily B. , Waxman Brandon , Stavrou Spyridon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSerine Incorporator 5 (SERINC5), a cellular multipass transmembrane protein that is involved in sphingolipid and phosphatydilserine biogenesis, potently restricts a number of retroviruses, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). SERINC5 is incorporated in the budding virions leading to the inhibition of virus infectivity. In turn, retroviruses, including HIV, encode factors that counteract the antiviral effect of SERINC5. While SERINC5 has been well studied in retroviruses, little is known about its role in other viral families. Due to the paucity of information regarding host factors targeting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we evaluated the effect of SERINC proteins on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we show SERINC5 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry by blocking virus-cell fusion, and SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a counteracts the antiviral effect of SERINC5 by blocking the incorporation of over expressed SERINC5 in budding virions.
Oscillatory rheotaxis of artificial swimmers in microchannels
Authors: Dey Ranabir , Buness Carola M. , Hokmabad Babak Vajdi , Jin Chenyu , Maass Corinna C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiological microswimmers navigate upstream of an external flow with trajectories ranging from linear to spiralling and oscillatory. Such a rheotactic response primarily stems from the hydrodynamic interactions triggered by the complex shapes of the microswimmers, such as flagellar chirality. We show here that a self-propelling droplet exhibits oscillatory rheotaxis in a microchannel, despite its simple spherical geometry. Such behaviour has been previously unobserved in artificial swimmers. Comparing our experiments to a purely hydrodynamic theory model, we demonstrate that the oscillatory rheotaxis of the droplet is primarily governed by both the shear flow characteristics and the interaction of the finite-sized microswimmer with all four microchannel walls. The dynamics can be controlled by varying the external flow strength, even leading to the rheotactic trapping of the oscillating droplet. Our results provide a realistic understanding of the behaviour of active particles navigating in confined microflows relevant in many biotechnology applications.
The interplay between vapour, liquid, and solid phases in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Bitharas I. , Parab N. , Zhao C. , Sun T. , Rollett A. D. , Moore A. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe capability of producing complex, high performance metal parts on demand has established laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) as a promising additive manufacturing technology, yet deeper understanding of the laser-material interaction is crucial to exploit the potential of the process. By simultaneous in-situ synchrotron x-ray and schlieren imaging, we probe directly the interconnected fluid dynamics of the vapour jet formed by the laser and the depression it produces in the melt pool. The combined imaging shows the formation of a stable plume over stable surface depressions, which becomes chaotic following transition to a full keyhole. We quantify process instability across several parameter sets by analysing keyhole and plume morphologies, and identify a previously unreported threshold of the energy input required for stable line scans. The effect of the powder layer and its impact on process stability is explored. These high-speed visualisations of the fluid mechanics governing LPBF enable us to identify unfavourable process dynamics associated with unwanted porosity, aiding the design of process windows at higher power and speed, and providing the potential for in-process monitoring of process stability.
Iron atom–cluster interactions increase activity and improve durability in Fe–N–C fuel cells
Authors: Wan Xin , Liu Qingtao , Liu Jieyuan , Liu Shiyuan , Liu Xiaofang , Zheng Lirong , Shang Jiaxiang , Yu Ronghai , Shui Jianglan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSimultaneously increasing the activity and stability of the single-atom active sites of M–N–C catalysts is critical but remains a great challenge. Here, we report an Fe–N–C catalyst with nitrogen-coordinated iron clusters and closely surrounding Fe–N4 active sites for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic fuel cells. A strong electronic interaction is built between iron clusters and satellite Fe–N4 due to unblocked electron transfer pathways and very short interacting distances. The iron clusters optimize the adsorption strength of oxygen reduction intermediates on Fe–N4 and also shorten the bond amplitude of Fe–N4 with incoherent vibrations. As a result, both the activity and stability of Fe–N4 sites are increased by about 60% in terms of turnover frequency and demetalation resistance. This work shows the great potential of strong electronic interactions between multiphase metal species for improvements of single-atom catalysts.