bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Seasonal Wind Regimes on the Evolution of Reversing Barchanoid Dunes
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Deguo , Yang Xiaoping , Lehmkuhl Frank , Jiang Wubin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeasonal changes in wind regime have driven the formation and emergence of reversing dunes and crest reversal in the inland arid and coastal areas of Asia, but due to the strong prevailing winds, the reversing dunes or reversing crest can be flipped. Therefore, the transient reversing dunes or crest reversal will be ignored and unobserved. To investigate dune morphology and sedimentology concerning seasonal alternation of the wind regime, we reconstructed dune topographies using aerial drone photos and analyzed the grain‐size parameters and internal sedimentary structures of dunes. Morphological results show that wind‐blown sands from the lee side are transported and deposited on the upper stoss side because of the reversing winds. Then, the dune crestal area is flattened, surface sand compositions were reorganized from fining to coarsening at the dune crest. Combining these field surveys with numerical simulation results, we found that the internal sedimentary structures are composed of high‐angle cross‐strata and low‐angle bounding surfaces. The dip angles of the bounding surfaces gradually decrease from the bottom to the top because of the reversing wind erosion on the lee side. The increase in sand flux on the lee side plays a critical role in shaping the dip angle of the bounding surfaces due to the speed‐up effect.
A Dynamic, Network Scale Sediment (Dis)Connectivity Model to Reconstruct Historical Sediment Transfer and River Reach Sediment Budgets
Authors: Tangi Marco , Bizzi Simone , Fryirs Kirstie , Castelletti Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractModeling network‐scale sediment (dis)connectivity and its response to anthropic pressures provides a baseline understanding of river processes and sediment dynamics that can be used to forecast future hydro‐morphological changes in river basins. However, this requires a solid understanding of how a system is currently operating, and how it operated in the past. We present the basin‐scale, dynamic sediment connectivity model D‐CASCADE, which combines concepts of network modeling with empirical sediment transport formulas to quantify spatiotemporal sediment (dis)connectivity in river networks. D‐CASCADE accounts for multiple factors affecting sediment transport, such as spatiotemporal variations in hydrological regime, different sediment grain sizes, sediment entrainment and deposition. Add‐ons are included in D‐CASCADE to model local changes in river geomorphology driven by sediment‐induced variations in features such as channel width. We apply D‐CASCADE to the well‐documented Bega River catchment, NSW, Australia, where significant geomorphic changes to rivers have occurred post European colonization (after 1850s), including widespread channel erosion and sediment mobilization. The Bega catchment provides a useful case study to test D‐CASCADE, as original source data on the historical sediment budget are available. By introducing historic drivers of change in the correct chronological sequence, the D‐CASCADE model successfully reproduced the timing and magnitude of major phases of sediment transport and associated channel adjustments over the last two centuries. With this confidence, we then ran the model to test how well it performs at estimating future trajectories of basin‐scale sediment transport and sediment budgets at the river reach scale.
Immunomodulatory functional foods and their molecular mechanisms
Authors: Kim Jae Hwan , Kim Da Hyun , Jo Seongin , Cho Min Je , Cho Ye Ryeong , Lee Yong Joon , Byun Sanguine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe immune system comprises a complex group of processes that provide defense against diverse pathogens. These defenses can be divided into innate and adaptive immunity, in which specific immune components converge to limit infections. In addition to genetic factors, aging, lifestyle, and environmental factors can influence immune function, potentially affecting the susceptibility of the host to disease-causing agents. Chemical compounds in certain foods have been shown to regulate signal transduction and cell phenotypes, ultimately impacting pathophysiology. Research has shown that the consumption of specific functional foods can stimulate the activity of immune cells, providing protection against cancer, viruses, and bacteria. Here, we review a number of functional foods reported to strengthen immunity, including ginseng, mushrooms, chlorella, and probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum). We also discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the activity of various types of immune cells. Identifying immune-enhancing functional foods and understanding their mechanisms of action will support new approaches to maintain proper health and combat immunological diseases.
Phase-matching-induced near-chirp-free solitons in normal-dispersion fiber lasers
Authors: Mao Dong , He Zhiwen , Zhang Yusong , Du Yueqing , Zeng Chao , Yun Ling , Luo Zhichao , Li Tijian , Sun Zhipei , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDirect generation of chirp-free solitons without external compression in normal-dispersion fiber lasers is a long-term challenge in ultrafast optics. We demonstrate near-chirp-free solitons with distinct spectral sidebands in normal-dispersion hybrid-structure fiber lasers containing a few meters of polarization-maintaining fiber. The bandwidth and duration of the typical mode-locked pulse are 0.74 nm and 1.95 ps, respectively, giving the time-bandwidth product of 0.41 and confirming the near-chirp-free property. Numerical results and theoretical analyses fully reproduce and interpret the experimental observations, and show that the fiber birefringence, normal-dispersion, and nonlinear effect follow a phase-matching principle, enabling the formation of the near-chirp-free soliton. Specifically, the phase-matching effect confines the spectrum broadened by self-phase modulation and the saturable absorption effect slims the pulse stretched by normal dispersion. Such pulse is termed as birefringence-managed soliton because its two orthogonal-polarized components propagate in an unsymmetrical “X” manner inside the polarization-maintaining fiber, partially compensating the group delay difference induced by the chromatic dispersion and resulting in the self-consistent evolution. The property and formation mechanism of birefringence-managed soliton fundamentally differ from other types of pulses in mode-locked fiber lasers, which will open new research branches in laser physics, soliton mathematics, and their related applications.
Rapid metabolism fosters microbial survival in the deep, hot subseafloor biosphere
Authors: Beulig F. , Schubert F. , Adhikari R. R. , Glombitza C. , Heuer V. B. , Hinrichs K.-U. , Homola K. L. , Inagaki F. , Jørgensen B. B. , Kallmeyer J. , Krause S. J. E. , Morono Y. , Sauvage J. , Spivack A. J. , Treude T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA fourth of the global seabed sediment volume is buried at depths where temperatures exceed 80 °C, a previously proposed thermal barrier for life in the subsurface. Here, we demonstrate, utilizing an extensive suite of radiotracer experiments, the prevalence of active methanogenic and sulfate-reducing populations in deeply buried marine sediment from the Nankai Trough subduction zone, heated to extreme temperature (up to ~120 °C). The small microbial community subsisted with high potential cell-specific rates of energy metabolism, which approach the rates of active surface sediments and laboratory cultures. Our discovery is in stark contrast to the extremely low metabolic rates otherwise observed in the deep subseafloor. As cells appear to invest most of their energy to repair thermal cell damage in the hot sediment, they are forced to balance delicately between subsistence near the upper temperature limit for life and a rich supply of substrates and energy from thermally driven reactions of the sedimentary organic matter.
Structural insights into the BRAF monomer-to-dimer transition mediated by RAS binding
Authors: Martinez Fiesco Juliana A. , Durrant David E. , Morrison Deborah K. , Zhang Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRAF kinases are essential effectors of RAS, but how RAS binding initiates the conformational changes needed for autoinhibited RAF monomers to form active dimers has remained unclear. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of full-length BRAF complexes derived from mammalian cells: autoinhibited, monomeric BRAF:14-3-32:MEK and BRAF:14-3-32 complexes, and an inhibitor-bound, dimeric BRAF2:14-3-32 complex, at 3.7, 4.1, and 3.9 Å resolution, respectively. In both autoinhibited, monomeric structures, the RAS binding domain (RBD) of BRAF is resolved, revealing that the RBD forms an extensive contact interface with the 14-3-3 protomer bound to the BRAF C-terminal site and that key basic residues required for RBD-RAS binding are exposed. Moreover, through structure-guided mutational studies, our findings indicate that RAS-RAF binding is a dynamic process and that RBD residues at the center of the RBD:14-3-3 interface have a dual function, first contributing to RAF autoinhibition and then to the full spectrum of RAS-RBD interactions.
Selective translation of epigenetic modifiers affects the temporal pattern and differentiation of neural stem cells
Authors: Wu Quan , Shichino Yuichi , Abe Takaya , Suetsugu Taeko , Omori Ayaka , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Iwasaki Shintaro , Matsuzaki Fumio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe cerebral cortex is formed by diverse neurons generated sequentially from neural stem cells (NSCs). A clock mechanism has been suggested to underlie the temporal progression of NSCs, which is mainly defined by the transcriptome and the epigenetic state. However, what drives such a developmental clock remains elusive. We show that translational control of histone H3 trimethylation in Lys27 (H3K27me3) modifiers is part of this clock. We find that depletion ofFbl, an rRNA methyltransferase, reduces translation of both Ezh2 methyltransferase and Kdm6b demethylase of H3K27me3 and delays the progression of the NSC state. These defects are partially phenocopied by simultaneous inhibition of H3K27me3 methyltransferase and demethylase, indicating the role of Fbl in the genome-wide H3K27me3 pattern. Therefore, we propose that Fbl drives the intrinsic clock through the translational enhancement of the H3K27me3 modifiers that predominantly define the NSC state.
Large scale coherent magnetohydrodynamic oscillations in a sunspot
Authors: Stangalini M. , Verth G. , Fedun V. , Aldhafeeri A. A. , Jess D. B. , Jafarzadeh S. , Keys P. H. , Fleck B. , Terradas J. , Murabito M. , Ermolli I. , Soler R. , Giorgi F. , MacBride C. D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough theoretically predicted, the simultaneous excitation of several resonant modes in sunspots has not been observed. Like any harmonic oscillator, a solar magnetic flux tube can support a variety of resonances, which constitute the natural response of the system to external forcing. Apart from a few single low order eigenmodes in small scale magnetic structures, several simultaneous resonant modes were not found in extremely large sunspots. Here we report the detection of the largest-scale coherent oscillations observed in a sunspot, with a spectrum significantly different from the Sun’s global acoustic oscillations, incorporating a superposition of many resonant wave modes. Magnetohydrodynamic numerical modeling agrees with the observations. Our findings not only demonstrate the possible excitation of coherent oscillations over spatial scales as large as 30–40 Mm in extreme magnetic flux regions in the solar atmosphere, but also paves the way for their diagnostic applications in other astrophysical contexts.
Ion currents through Kir potassium channels are gated by anionic lipids
Authors: Jin Ruitao , He Sitong , Black Katrina A. , Clarke Oliver B. , Wu Di , Bolla Jani R. , Johnson Paul , Periasamy Agalya , Wardak Ahmad , Czabotar Peter , Colman Peter M. , Robinson Carol V. , Laver Derek , Smith Brian J. , Gulbis Jacqueline M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIon currents through potassium channels are gated. Constriction of the ion conduction pathway at the inner helix bundle, the textbook gate of Kir potassium channels, has been shown to be an ineffective permeation control, creating a rift in our understanding of how these channels are gated. Here we present evidence that anionic lipids act as interactive response elements sufficient to gate potassium conduction. We demonstrate the limiting barrier to K+ permeation lies within the ion conduction pathway and show that this gate is operated by the fatty acyl tails of lipids that infiltrate the conduction pathway via fenestrations in the walls of the pore. Acyl tails occupying a surface groove extending from the cytosolic interface to the conduction pathway provide a potential means of relaying cellular signals, mediated by anionic lipid head groups bound at the canonical lipid binding site, to the internal gate.
Tracking photocarrier-enhanced electron-phonon coupling in nonequilibrium
Authors: Hu Shi-Qi , Zhao Hui , Lian Chao , Liu Xin-Bao , Guan Meng-Xue , Meng Sheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLight-modulated electron-phonon coupling (EPC) is significant in many intriguing phenomena including light-enhanced superconductivity, polaron formation, and hidden charge orders, which provides a powerful strategy to engineer materials’ functionalities on demand. Here we explore EPC in photoexcited graphene during the ultrafast photocarrier dynamics with a phonon bath. Via analysing energy transport between electrons and phonons, light-induced EPC enhancement by more than one order of magnitude is demonstrated, which originates from the dynamic distribution of photoexcited carriers out of equilibrium. Excellent agreements between theory and experiment have been achieved, justifying the validity of the present approach for extracting excited-state dynamic properties. Our result unravels a crucial impact of photoexcitation on EPC by modulating the density and distribution of photocarriers, and provides a useful strategy for tracking ultrafast EPC in real time.
A novel intelligent system based on adjustable classifier models for diagnosing heart sounds
Authors: Sun Shuping , Huang Tingting , Zhang Biqiang , He Peiguang , Yan Long , Fan Dongdong , Zhang Jiale , Chen Jinbo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel intelligent diagnostic system is proposed to diagnose heart sounds (HSs). The innovations of this system are primarily reflected in the automatic segmentation and extraction of the first complex sound $$({ CS }_{1})$$

(

CS

1

)

and second complex sound $$({ CS }_{2})$$

(

CS

2

)

; the automatic extraction of the secondary envelope-based diagnostic features $$\gamma _{_1}$$

γ

1

, $$\gamma _{_2}$$

γ

2

, and $$\gamma _{_3}$$

γ

3

from $${ CS }_{1}$$

CS

1

and $${ CS }_{2}$$

CS

2

; and the adjustable classifier models that correspond to the confidence bounds of the Chi-square ($$\chi ^{2}$$

χ
2

) distribution and are adjusted by the given confidence levels (denoted as $$\beta$$
β
). The three stages of the proposed system are summarized as follows. In stage 1, the short time modified Hilbert transform (STMHT)-based curve is used to segment and extract $${ CS }_{1}$$

CS

1

and $${ CS }_{2}$$

CS

2

. In stage 2, the envelopes $${ CS _{1}}_{\mathrm{F_{E}}}$$

C

S
1

F
E

and $${ CS _{2}}_{\mathrm{F_{E}}}$$

C

S
2

F
E

for periods $${ CS }_{1}$$

CS

1

and $${ CS }_{2}$$

CS

2

are obtained via a novel method, and the frequency features are automatically extracted from $${ CS _{1}}_{\mathrm{F_{E}}}$$

C

S
1

F
E

and $${ CS _{2}}_{\mathrm{F_{E}}}$$

C

S
2

F
E

by setting different threshold value ($$Thv$$

Thv

) lines. Finally, the first three principal components determined based on principal component analysis (PCA) are used as the diagnostic features. In stage 3, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based component objective function $$f_{ et }(\mathbf{x })$$

f

et

(
x
)

is generated. Then, the $$\chi ^{2}$$

χ
2

distribution for component k is determined by calculating the Mahalanobis distance from $${\mathbf{x }}$$
x
to the class mean $$\mu _{_k}$$

μ

k

for component k, and the confidence region of component k is determined by adjusting the optimal confidence level $$\beta _{k}$$

β
k

and used as the criterion to diagnose HSs. The performance evaluation was validated by sounds from online HS databases and clinical heart databases. The accuracy of the proposed method was compared to the accuracies of other state-of-the-art methods, and the highest classification accuracies of $$99.43\%$$

99.43
%

, $$98.93\%$$

98.93
%

, $$99.13\%$$

99.13
%

, $$99.85\%$$

99.85
%

, $$98.62\%$$

98.62
%

, 99.67$$\%$$
%
and 99.91$$\%$$
%
in the detection of MR, MS, ASD, NM, AS, AR and VSD sounds were achieved by setting $$\beta _{k}(k=1, 2, \ldots , 7)$$

β
k

(
k
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
7
)

to 0.87,0.65,0.67,0.65,0.67,0.79 and 0.87, respectively.
Association and interaction between dietary patterns and gene polymorphisms in Liangshan residents with hyperuricemia
Authors: Li Tingting , Li Shuangjing , Tian Tian , Nie Zhichao , Xu Wangdong , Liu Longjian , Jia Hong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHyperuricemia (HUA) is associated with dietary and genetic factors. However, studies on dietary patterns and their interaction effect with genes on the risk of HUA are limited. We aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns and HUA, and dietary patterns—gene interactions on the risk of HUA. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 18 and older in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of China. Dietary consumption was collected using a standard Food Frequency Questionnaire. Vein blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, and DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component and factor analysis. Of the 2646 participants, the prevalence of HUA was 26.8%. Three dietary patterns were classified. Of them, a dietary pattern with higher meat consumption (defined as meat-based) had the strongest association with HUA than a dietary pattern with plant-based or local special diet-based. A higher frequency of T allele at ABCG2 rs2231142 and SLC2A9 rs11722228 loci was observed in participants with HUA than those without HUA. An additive interaction of meat-based dietary pattern with rs2231142 locus was significantly associated with an increased risk of HUA. The relative excess risks of interaction, attributable proportion of interaction, and synergy index (S) were 0.482 (95% CI: 0.012–0.976), 0.203 (95% CI: 0.033–0.374), and 1.544 (95% CI: 1.012–2.355), respectively. In conclusion, a dietary pattern with meat-based was significantly associated with an increased risk of HUA. There was an additive interaction between a meat-based dietary pattern and the ABCG2 rs2231142 locus. Individuals with rs2231142 T allele were at higher risk of HUA than those with rs2231142 GG allele.
Factors associated with the surgical outcomes of Baerveldt glaucoma implant for open-angle glaucoma, an age-related eye disease
Authors: Iraha Satoshi , Takihara Yuji , Urahashi Yui , Watanabe Takahiro , Nakamura Kenichi , Urahashi Mai , Watanabe-Kitamura Fumika , Nakashima Kei-Ichi , Takahashi Eri , Kojima Sachi , Tanihara Hidenobu , Inoue Toshihiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo identify the factors associated with the surgical outcomes of Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) for open-angle glaucoma (OAG), the medical records of 51 consecutive OAG patients (age, 43–91 years) who underwent BGI were retrospectively reviewed (median follow-up, 21.7 months). Surgical success was defined as the following postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs, mmHg): (A) 6 ≤ IOP ≤ 21; (B) 6 ≤ IOP ≤ 18; and (C) 6 ≤ IOP ≤ 15 without loss of light perception or additional glaucoma surgery. Univariate analysis showed that age (all criteria), glaucoma type (criterion C), and preoperative IOP (criteria A and B) were the candidate factors (P < 0.20). When the patients were divided into two groups according to median age (72 years), the success probability was higher in the older group for criteria B (P = 0.047) and C (P = 0.02), and the postoperative IOP was lower in the older group 1-year post-surgery (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that older age was independently associated with surgical success for criteria B (relative risk [RR], 0.94; P = 0.02) and C (RR, 0.94; P = 0.01). In conclusion, older age is a factor associated with the surgical success of BGI for OAG.
Analysis of force and displacement of anchor systems under the non-limit active state
Authors: Fang Guang-Wen , Zhu Yan-Peng , Ye Shuai-Hua , Huang An-Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a concept of soil shear strength exertion around an anchorage section to analyze and calculate the anchor’s force and displacement. First, based on the Mohr stress circle, the numerical relationship between the value of the internal friction angle exertion, the value of the cohesion exertion, and the displacement are established under the non-limit active state. According to the interaction mechanism between the anchorage section and the surrounding soil, this paper obtains the corresponding relationship between the value of the soil’s shear strength exertion and displacement under the non-limit active state. Then, according to the load transfer principle of the anchorage section, the basic differential equation is established. The differential equation of the relative displacement distribution along the length of the anchorage section under the non-limit active state is further derived. And the calculation and analysis formula of the shear stress and relative displacement in the anchorage section considering the process of the soil shear strength exertion is also obtained. Finally, this paper compares the calculation method with the hyperbolic model calculation method for the same example. The results verify the accuracy of the calculation method.
Longitudinal axial flow rice thresher feeding rate monitoring based on force sensing resistors
Authors: Abdeen Mohamed Anwer , Xie Gan , Salem Abouelnadar Elsayed , Fu Jianwei , Zhang Guozhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe threshing unit is the main working unit of the combine harvester and plays an essential role in rice threshing efficiency, seed loss, and damage. Every thresher has its limitation for feeding, and when the feeding quantity exceeds the maximum rated amount, the thresher gets blocked, resulting in higher losses, low threshing efficiency, more power consumption, and combine overloading shutting down. This study constructed a longitudinal axial flow rice threshing platform, and a stress monitoring system for the threshing drum top cover was designed using force sensing resistors. The sensors were installed on the thresher top cover inner surface to detect the impact and extrusion forces caused by the threshing process and detect the feeding rate when it exceeds the suitable feeding. Three feeding rates (0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 kg/s) and three thresher speeds (1100, 1300, and 1500 rpm) were tested. The time of the testing process was calculated using high-speed photography. The obtained results revealed that the force signals collected by thin-film sensors significantly correlated with thresher rotating speed and feeding rate. The thresher top cover’s average stress, average strain, and average total deformation were simulated using ANSYS finite element analysis. This study provides a new method for threshing drum real-time feeding quantity monitoring and early warning of thresher blockage.