bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemia is Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis; A Nationwide Study
Authors: Obeidat Adham , Mahfouz Ratib , Kozai Landon , Mansour Mahmoud , Darweesh Mohammad , Alqam Ahmad , Shah Parthav , Murakami Traci 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim
Cirrhosis may cause dysregulation of glucose homeostasis due to abnormalities in metabolism and responses to changes in the blood glucose level. Cirrhotic patients may be more prone to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in cirrhotic patients with sepsis and may indicate a greater severity of illness. This study aims to elucidate the effect of hypoglycemia on in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients.
Methods
This review was completed using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2019. Using ICD-10-CM codes, we identified patients carrying a diagnosis of cirrhosis and hypoglycemia and gathered baseline demographic and clinical data. Odds ratios (OR) for comorbidities were calculated. Diabetic patients were excluded from the study to rule out the possibility of iatrogenic hypoglycemia.
Results
Out of 1,778,829 inpatients with cirrhosis, 31,615 had a diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Total hospital charges were significantly higher in the cirrhosis and hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia group. The mean length of stay (LOS) in the hypoglycemia group was significantly higher. Mortality, vasopressor usage, mechanical ventilation, cardiac arrest, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were significantly higher in the hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia one.
Conclusion
In patients with cirrhosis, hypoglycemia was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and rate of critical illness as suggested by elevated rates of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor use. These patients also had longer hospital LOS and higher total hospital charges. Hypoglycemia may reflect advanced liver disease or indicate early sepsis and potentially forbodes a prolonged, complicated hospital course.
Experimental Study on Compression Mechanical Characteristics of Filled Rock Joints after Multiple Pre- impacts
Authors: Chai Shaobo , Jia Yongsheng , Du Yuxiang , Hu Bo , Li Xianpeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The prefabricated artificial filled jointed rock specimens are impacted by a self-made drop hammer impact device for many times, and the specimens with different degrees of cumulative damage characteristics are obtained. Then, the static and dynamic compression mechanical properties are studied by using universal testing machine and SHPB device. Through the static compression test, the strength and deformation characteristics of jointed rock specimens after multiple impacts are obtained, and the influence of the damage degree of jointed rock specimens characterized by wave velocity on the compressive strength of filled joints is analysed. Based on the results of SHPB impact test, the dynamic strength and deformation evolution, wave propagation law and energy dissipation law of filled joints after multiple impacts are analysed. During the SHPB test, the impact failure process of rock specimens is recorded by high-speed camera. The experimental results show that the damage degree of jointed rock samples increases nonlinearly after multiple impacts. The attenuation laws of static strength and dynamic strength of rock samples under the same damage evolution conditions are different. With the increase of impact times, the failure mode of jointed rock samples after damage is simpler and tends to compression failure.
An analytical model for optimizing the optical absorption of graphene based two-dimensional multilayer structure
Authors: Hasanirokh Kobra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material with honeycomb structure. Its unique and fantastic mechanical, physical electrical and optical properties make it to be an important industrially and economically material. In this work a simple analysis is performed for the Reflectance, transmittance, and absorption properties of multilayer thin film structure with graphene sandwiched in dielectric layers. Based on Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave theory and coupled Fresnel equations, we investigate how to get maximum absorption for a proper choice of media and graphene layers. Numerical results show this absorption is controlled with matching thicknesses of layers, number of graphene layers, wavelength and angle of incident electromagnetic wave.
Pain Inhibition - The Unintended Benefit of Electrically Elicited Muscle Strengthening Contractions
Authors: Rudolph Katherine S. , Cloutier Matthew , Stackhouse Scott 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is effective in muscle strengthening after orthopedic injury particularly when muscle activation failure is present, but the associated pain can be a barrier. Pain itself can produce a pain inhibitory response called Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM). CPM is often used in research studies to assess the state of the pain processing system. However, the inhibitory response of CPM could make NMES more tolerable to patients and could improve functional outcomes in people with pain, but this has not been studies previously. This study compares the pain-inhibitory effect of NMES compared to volitional contractions and noxious electrical stimulation (NxES).
Methods
Healthy participants, 18–30 years of age experienced 3 conditions: 10 NMES contractions, 10 bursts of NxES on the patella, and 10 volitional contractions on the right knee. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured before and after each condition in both knees and the middle finder. Pain was reported on an 11-point VAS. Repeated measures ANOVAs with 2 factors: site and time were performed for each condition followed by post-hoc paired t-tests, with Bonferroni correction.
Results
Pain ratings were higher in the NxES condition compared to NXES (p = .000). No differences in PPTs prior to each condition were observed but PPTs were significantly higher in the right and left knees after the NMES contractions (p = .000, p = .013, respectively) and after the NxES (p = .006, P-.006, respectively). Pain during NMES and NxES did not correlate with pain inhibition (p > .05). Self-reported pain sensitivity correlated with pain during NxES.
Conclusion
NxES and NMES produced pain inhibition in both knees but not in the finger, suggesting inhibitory mechanisms located in the spinal cord and local tissues. Pain inhibition was elicited during the NxES and NMES conditions regardless of the self-reported pain ratings. When NMES is used for muscle strengthening significant pain inhibition can also occur which is an unintended benefit of the intervention that could benefit functional outcomes in patients.
Determination of Traffic Related Air Pollution Status Using Dispersion Modeling: The Case of Megenagna, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Fetene Bimrew Bizualem , Shibeshi Nurelegne Tefera , Wakuma Kenatu Angessa , Feyisa Gudina Legese 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traffic is now the leading cause of air pollution in growing megacities in the developing world. Because of unimproved old age of the car and poor road conditions in Ethiopia's capital city (Addis Ababa), vehicles are the main cause of air pollution. Megenagna (located between Bole and Yeka sub-cities of Addis Ababa) is one of the city's key hubs squares, with six major road intersections that cause overcrowding and traffic congestion. The objective of this study was to measure and predict air pollution levels in the Megenagna area using the dispersion model (AERMOD). A 43 sampling points were selected with a sample campaign for two months (January and February) was conducted. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and gaseous pollutants (SO2 and NO2) were monitored with hand-held Air-test Model-CW-HAT2005 and Aeroqual series 5000, respectively. The difference among sampling locations was statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating that there is significant spatial variation throughout the study site. The sensitivity change of wind speed 1 m/sec and wind direction 450 in the self-monitored sample site was best fitting for the prediction, calibration, and validation of pollutants in AERMOD. Particulate matter and gaseous pollutants were predicted to vary from sight to sight, with SO2 above the standard value. This study shows that traffic-related emissions in Addis Ababa should be investigated further in terms of spatiotemporal variation.
Comparative study on the Characterization and Antioxidant properties of Bael (Aegle Marmelos) Pulp, Shell and Seed Pectin
Authors: Surolia Ragini , Singh Anuradha , Bhatnagar Tripti 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study was focused on, extraction, characterization of pectin from different parts of Aegle Marmelos (Bael) fruit such as Pulp, Shell and Seed by using two different acids i.e. HCl and H2SO4 on dry and wet basis and the comparative analysis were also performed of various parameters. The percentage yield of the extracted pectin was found to be slightly higher by using HCl. Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and functional group analysis were carried out of the extracted pectin. In the present study the %yield of Bael seed pectin was found to be higher as compare to Bael pulp pectin and Bael shell pectin. The equivalent weight, methoxyl content, total AUA, degree of esterification (on dry basis) of Bael Pulp, shell and seed pectin was found to be 1119.52 ± 14.57, 1095 ± 13.94 and 1071.53 ± 13.35, 7.25 ± 0.10%, 6.77 ± 0.03% and 7.39 ± 0.07%, 56.9 ± 0.81%, 54.56 ± 0.35% and 58.43 ± 0.60%, 72.37 ± 0.03, 70.53 ± 0.22 and 71.88 ± 0.05 respectively. The moisture content and ash content of Bael Pulp, Shell and Seed pectin was found to be 10.23 ± 0.52%, 8.33 ± 2.08% and 9.9 ± 0.99% and 6.77 ± 0.5%, 7 ± 1.01% and 6.55 ± 0.83% respectively which was in the acceptance range of purity. The functional group of extracted pectin was determined by FTIR spectral analysis. Extracted Bael pulp pectin demonstrated higher antioxidant activity with IC50 10.6 µg/ml as compare to Bael seed pectin (33.47µg/ml) and Bael shell pectin (53.08µg/ml). Total phenolic content of bael pulp pectin also found to be maximum (43.5 mg GAE/g) in comparison with Bael seed pectin (33.5 mg GAE/g) and bael shell pectin (23.5 mg GAE/g). These results suggest that various parts of bael fruit is having good quality of pectin and can be utilize as functional ingredient in biomedical and nutraceutical compounds.
Experimental study and development of machine learning model using random forest classifier on shear strength prediction of RC beam with externally bonded GFRP composites
Authors: Mamari Amna Hamed Salim Al , Ghafri Rawan Said Humaid Hammad Al , Aravind N , Dhandapani Ragavesh , Hatali Eman Muhye Adeen Muhye Al , Pandian Rani 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Life span of RC structures is reduced mainly because of steel reinforcement corrosion and there is a need to use alternate material. In the present study, GFRP composites are used as externally bonding shear reinforcement of the RC beams. For experimental analysis, RC beams were cast with C30 grade concrete with steel/ GFRP shear reinforcements. For the external bonding work, Chopped Strand Mat (CSM), Woven Roving (WR) GFRP composites were attached on the two sides as ‘U’ wrap on the shear zone of the RC beams. Two point loads were applied at 150 mm spacing on all the beam specimens and the experimental results of the RC beams with GFRP composites are compared with control beams. The major outcome of the present study is that, the RC beam externally bonded with GFRP WR ‘U’ wrap on full shear area performs well and the failure load is 20.93%, 6.57% and 18.94% more than that of beams externally bonded with normal ‘U’ wrap strips on shear area, sides of full shear area and strips on sides respectively. Also, theoretical analysis was carried out to determine the shear resistance of RC beams and the results are compared with experimental results. In addition to that, Random forest classifier was used for the development of Machine Learning (ML) model to predict the failure load, mid span deflection and type of failure. The predicted ML results are validated and it proved that the experimental results are well line with the developed ML model in terms of performance and accuracy.
Spectral broadening in tight-focusing geometry of a random fiber laser
Authors: SARMANI A. R. , AL-ALIMI A. W. , YUSOFF N. MOHD , MAHDI M. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present a random Raman fiber laser pumped by a continuous-wave 1480nm source where neither a visible saturable absorber nor a fiber Bragg grating were incorporated. The backward pumping feedback loop allows a single direction of 1584nm wave propagation under tighter focusing of a dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). This geometry that implies a stronger Kerr-lensing effect supports two types of nonlinear broadening that were achieved in the stable output power generation. The first that agrees well to wave kinetics theory favors 1.76 to 3.53nm spectral progress. Against this flow, another type of wider broadening begun at 4.88nm before reducing gradually to 4.05nm with the increase in pump power. The former corresponds to a maximum of 6.3 times broadening ratio with respect to the pump linewidth. To date, this is the best achievement in the world at just below 1.7 W pump power level especially without utilizing pump-pulse synchronization or any external mode-locking modulations. In contrast without the tighter confinement geometry, the initiation of 4.25nm bandwidth was realized in the unstable power zone. These ascertain the double roles of dispersion compensating fiber as a stabilizing factor as well as for dispersion management.
Gene expression management in a stony coral, Acropora tenuis, depends upon identities of algal symbionts and developmental stages
Authors: Yoshioka Yuki , Yamashita Hiroshi , Suzuki Go , Shinzato Chuya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coral recruits of a reef-building coral, genus Acropora, acquire dinoflagellate symbionts, Durusdinium and Symbiodinium, which are necessary for survival. However, among coral transcriptomic responses that occur at the commencement of symbiosis, it is unknown which occur regardless of the taxonomic identity of the alga, which are specific to each algal genus, and which represent changes in larval developmental stage. We performed two comparative transcriptomic analyses using A. tenuis to examine responses to inoculation with Durusdinium or Symbiodinium species and inoculation with a symbiotic species, D. trenchii in different coral developmental stages (planula larvae and primary polyps). While obvious gene expression changes were observed in planula larvae inoculated with Symbiodinium, few gene expression changes were elicited in planula larvae exposed to Durusdinium, whereas primary polyps showed dynamic transcriptomic changes in response to Durusdinium. We identified transcriptomic responses of A. tenuis that were common to both D. trenchii and S. microadriaticum during early life stages, such as upregulation of solute carrier (SLC) transporters and downregulation of amino acid metabolic enzymes, allowing us to determine whether algae are symbiotic or parasitic. Such changes were not observed in planula larvae inoculated with Durusdinium, suggesting that Durusdinium may not be a symbiont of planula larvae, as it is for primary polyps. Interestingly, some upregulated SLC transporters are tandemly duplicated in the A. tenuis genome, and expression of those transporters depends upon the algal symbiont and coral developmental stage, suggesting a possible genomic adaptation of coral hosts driven by gene duplication to accommodate diverse symbiotic associations.
Predictive value of peak strain dispersion on left ventricular remolding in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: wang li , Xu Fang , Ren Cheng , Kuang Long , Song Jiaxian , XU Junjie , Qian Xuesong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Left ventricular (LV) remolding is associated with a higher rate of heart failure hospitalization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI). The aim of the current study was to demonstrate the predictive value of peak strain dispersion (PSD) for LV remodeling.Methods and results: 76 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were prospectively included from June 2019 and August 2020. Patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography within 48h of admission and 6 months after STEMI. LV remodeling was defined as an increase in the LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) ≥ 20% at 6 months after STEMI. According to the echocardiographic criteria used, 13 patients (17.1%) presented with left ventricular remolding after the index event. GLS and myocardial work parameters were similar in patients with left ventricular remolding and those without LV remolding, while patients with left ventricular remolding had a higher PSD than those without remolding (p<0.01).Conclusion: PSD demonstrated incremental value in predicting left ventricular remodeling in STMEI patients undergoing primary PCI.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 agonist mobilizes endogenous reparative Muse cells that facilitate damaged myocardial tissue repair in rabbit
Authors: Minatoguchi Shingo , Yamada Yoshihisa , Endo Noriko , Kushida Yoshihiro , Wakao Shohei , Kanamori Hiromitsu , Mikami Atsushi , Okura Hiroyuki , Dezawa Mari , Minatoguchi Shinya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Muse cells, SSEA-3(+) non-tumorigenic pluripotent stem cells, reside in the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood and organ connective tissue as cells. Circulating Muse cells, either endogenous or exogenously administered, selectively accumulate to damaged tissue by sensing sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) produced by the damaged tissue, differentiate into tissue-constituent cells including vascular cells, replace apoptotic/damaged cells and repair the tissue. They are expandable to clinical scale and are applied to clinical trials. Acute myocardial infarction model (AMI) model rabbits were subcutaneously injected either with vehicle, S1PR2-agonist, or S1PR2-agonist + S1PR2-antagonist. The S1PR2-agonist group showed the statistically meaningful increase of the endogenous peripheral blood-Muse cell number at 12 h (both p < 0.05), reduction of the infarct size (p < 0.05) and improvement of the left ventricular function (p < 0.05) at 2 weeks compared with the other 2 groups. The increase in peripheral blood-Muse cells positively correlated with LV ejection fraction, and inversely correlated with infarct size in statistical analysis. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-autologous BM-Muse cells were transplanted back into the BM of the same animal, AMI model was made 48 hrs after, and then vehicle or S1PR2 agonist was administered subcutaneously. At 2 weeks, the number of GFP-Muse cells positive for cardiac markers, troponin-I, α-actinin and connexin-43, and those positive for vascular marker CD31, was higher in the border areas in the S1PR2-agonist group compared with that in the vehicle group. Along with administration of exogenous stem cells, the efficient mobilization of endogenous stem cells such as S1PR2-agonist for Muse cells, might be an alternative promising therapeutic approach.
Network analysis of potential targets of miR-449a-5p in axonal reconstruction after spinal cord injury
Authors: Wu Chunyan , Li Na , Sun Jie , Li Jintao , Su Qianqian , Wang Tinghua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the role of miR-449a-5p overexpressed in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI), and to predict the potential targets of miR-449a-5p by bioinformatic analysis and explore the underlying mechanism of the onset and development of axonal reconstruction in SCI.
Methods
Forty-eight SD female rats were randomly divided into Sham group, SCI group, agonist group (SCI + miR-449a-5p agomir), and agonist control group (SCI + agomir negative control).Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores were performed after the successful establishment of SCI rat model. The targets of miR-449a-5p was searched in TargetSccan, miRDB, and miRWalk databases, and relevant literatures were retrieved in PubMed and CNKI using ‘miR-449a’ and ‘axonal regeneration’ as keywords, and genes not reported previously were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the hub genes were screened by Cytoscape.
Results
The BBB score results showed that the rats in SCI + miR-449a-5p agomir group exhibited gradual recovery after SCI surgery, with significant improvement compared to the SCI group. A total of 76 target genes of miR-449a-5p were obtained, and the hub genes were CNTN2, ANK3 and CNTNAP1.
Conclusions
The present study suggested that miR-449a-5p may participate in a variety of BP through target genes, and hub genes CNTN2, ANK3, and CNTNAP1 may provide help for the exploration of the mechanism of axonal reconstruction in SCI.
Chronic and episodic loneliness and social isolation: prevalence and sociodemographic analyses from a longitudinal Australian survey
Authors: Lim Michelle H. , Manera Karine E , Owen Katherine B , Phongsavan Philayrath , Smith Ben J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Loneliness and social isolation, experienced more long-term, has been shown to increase mortality and lead to poorer health outcomes in specific cohorts. However, it is unclear what the prevalence of chronic loneliness and social isolation is, and which demographic groups are most at risk of reporting more chronic forms. Methods: A psychometrically validated classification system was used to identify people who met criteria for episodic and chronic loneliness and social isolation using the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey waves 14-18. Results: The cumulative prevalence over five years of loneliness (overall 34%; 21% episodic, 13% chronic) far exceeded that of social isolation (overall 17%; 13% episodic, 4% chronic). There was consistency in the demographic characteristics (from age, sex, household type, income) of those who experienced loneliness and social isolation. However, people with a long-term health condition had an elevated risk of episodic loneliness (AOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.11-1.39) and a markedly higher risk of chronic loneliness (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.76-2.29), compared with those without a long-term health condition. Conclusions: Loneliness, both episodic and chronic subtypes, is more prevalent than social isolation, yet remains neglected and poorly targeted within current practice and policy.