bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Ricci negative derivations
Authors: Gutiérrez María Valeria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Given a nilpotent Lie algebra, we study the space of all diagonalizable derivations such that the corresponding one-dimensional solvable extension admits a left-invariant metric with negative Ricci curvature. Lauret and Will have conjectured that such a space coincides with an open and convex subset of derivations defined in terms of the moment map for the variety of nilpotent Lie algebras. We prove the validity of the conjecture in dimensions ≤ 5, as well as for Heisenberg Lie algebras and standard filiform Lie algebras.
Crystallization kinetic and dielectric properties of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass/Al2O3 composites
Authors: Gong Weiping , Luo Zhihong , Liu Yanzhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sintering behavior and the dielectric properties of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CMAS) glass and CMAS glass/Al2O3 ceramic composites were studied by the combination of differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy as well as dielectric properties measurement. The results demonstrate that the CMAS glass with composition 25CaO-15MgO-12Al2O3-48SiO2 (wt.%) can significantly improve the sintering performance of Al2O3 ceramics, and does not lead to an obvious decrease in the dielectric properties. Low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss were obtained when sintering the CMAS/Al2O3 composites at 1273 K, which demonstrate that it satisfies the requirement of the integrated circuit substrate materials when working at high frequency.
Calculation of core neutronic parameters in electron accelerator driven subcritical TRIGA reactor
Authors: Yazdani Nafise , Firoozabadi Mohammad Mehdi , Zangian Mehdi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Investigating the dependence of reactor core neutronic parameters on the accelerator related parameters such as source multiplication coefficient (K

s
), beam profile and electron beam energy (E

e
), have a significant impact on the design of future ADS reactors and the cost of their construction. Using the MCNPX code, core neutronic parameters were calculated for three eigenvalues levels (k

s
) such as axial and radial distributions of neutron flux, effective multiplication coefficient (K
eff), photoneutron yield (Y

n/e
), net neutron multiplication (M), energy gain (G), energy constant gain (G
0), power peaking factor (P
max/P
ave), and importance of neutron source (φ*) for the tungsten target in the core of TRIGA reactor which was driven by an electron accelerator. According to the results, when K

s
increases safety margin and the required accelerator current (I

e
) decrease, but the parameters G and φ* increase. Also, using the parabolic spatial distribution for the electron source instead of the uniform spatial distribution, the parameters Y

n/e
, G and M increase. In addition, by increasing E

e
from 100 to 500 MeV, Y

n/e
and G are improved, and I

e
and accelerating power (p
acc) decrease. Therefore, these results suggest that the dependence of reactor core neutronic parameters on accelerator related parameters is necessary to optimize the design cost of an ADS reactor.
Training the pronunciation of L2 vowels under different conditions: the use of non-lexical materials and masking noise
Authors: Mora Joan C. , Ortega Mireia , Mora-Plaza Ingrid , Aliaga-García Cristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study extends traditional perceptual high-variability phonetic training (HVPT) in a foreign language learning context by implementing a comprehensive training paradigm that combines perception (discrimination and identification) and production (immediate repetition) training tasks and by exploring two potentially enhancing training conditions: the use of non-lexical training stimuli and the presence of masking noise during production training. We assessed training effects on L1-Spanish/Catalan bilingual EFL learners’ production of a difficult English vowel contrast (/æ/-/ʌ/). The participants (N = 62) were randomly assigned to either non-lexical (N = 24) or lexical (N = 24) training and were further subdivided into two groups, one trained in noise (N = 12) and one in silence (N = 12). An untrained control group (N = 14) was also tested. Training gains, measured through spectral distance scores (Euclidean distances) with respect to native speakers’ productions of /æ/ and /ʌ/, were assessed through delayed word and sentence repetition tasks. The results showed an advantage of non-lexical training over lexical training, detrimental effects of noise for participants trained with nonwords, but not for those trained with words, and less accurate production of vowels elicited in isolated words than in words embedded in sentences, where training gains were only observable for participants trained with nonwords.
KL1 Domain of Longevity Factor Klotho Mimics the Metabolome of Cognitive Stimulation and Enhances Cognition in Young and Aging Mice
Authors: Gupta Shweta , Moreno Arturo J. , Wang Dan , Leon Julio , Chen Chen , Hahn Oliver , Poon Yan , Greenberg Kenneth , David Nathaniel , Wyss-Coray Tony , Raftery Daniel , Promislow Daniel E.L. , Dubal Dena B. 
Published: April 2022

Cognitive deficits are a major biomedical challenge—and engagement of the brain in stimulating tasks improves cognition in aged individuals (Wilson et al., 2002; Gates et al., 2011) and rodents (Aidil-Carvalho et al., 2017), through unknown mechanisms. Whether cognitive stimulation alters specific metabolic pathways in the brain is unknown. Understanding which metabolic processes are involved in cognitive stimulation is important because it could lead to pharmacologic intervention that promotes biological effects of a beneficial behavior, toward the goal of effective medical treatments for cognitive deficits. Here we show using male mice that cognitive stimulation induced metabolic remodeling of the mouse hippocampus, and that pharmacologic treatment with the longevity hormone α-klotho (KL), mediated by its KL1 domain, partially mimicked this alteration. The shared, metabolic signature shared between cognitive stimulation and treatment with KL or KL1 closely correlated with individual mouse cognitive performance, indicating a link between metabolite levels and learning and memory. Importantly, the treatment of mice with KL1, an endogenous circulating factor that more closely mimicked cognitive stimulation than KL, acutely increased synaptic plasticity, a substrate of cognition. KL1 also improved cognition, itself, in young mice and countered deficits in old mice. Our data show that treatments or interventions mimicking the hippocampal metabolome of cognitive stimulation can enhance brain functions. Further, we identify the specific domain by which klotho promotes brain functions, through KL1, a metabolic mimic of cognitive stimulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCognitive deficits are a major biomedical challenge without truly effective pharmacologic treatments. Engaging the brain through cognitive tasks benefits cognition. Mimicking the effects of such beneficial behaviors through pharmacological treatment represents a highly valuable medical approach to treating cognitive deficits. We demonstrate that brain engagement through cognitive stimulation induces metabolic remodeling of the hippocampus that was acutely recapitulated by the longevity factor klotho, mediated by its KL1 domain. Treatment with KL1, a close mimic of cognitive stimulation, enhanced cognition and countered cognitive aging. Our findings shed light on how cognition metabolically alters the brain and provide a plausible therapeutic intervention for mimicking these alterations that, in turn, improves cognition in the young and aging brain.
Unsur Eufemisme dalam Novel Ranggau
Authors: Arumugam Balakrishnan A/L , Abd. Mutalib Mashetoh , Md Yusoff Melor Fauzita 
Published: April 2022

Bahasa beretika adalah bahasa yang menjaga adab pertuturan seperti penggunaan unsur eufemisme. Unsur eufemisme merupakan medium penting dalam memastikan kesopanan berbahasa supaya dapat mengurangkan isu-isu yang boleh menyinggung, mengaibkan serta mengundang kemarahan masyarakat terutamanya melalui bahan cetak seperti novel. Namun begitu, unsur eufemisme masih kabur penggunaannya dalam penulisan sesebuah novel. Ia memerlukan kajian yang terperinci untuk memastikan jenis-jenis unsur eufemisme yang sesuai digunakan oleh penulis-penulis tempatan. Oleh itu makalah ini akan menjelaskan jenis-jenis eufemisme yang terkandung dalam sebuah novel. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dan pendekatan Allan dan Burridge (1991) untuk mendekripsi jenis-jenis eufemisme dalam novel Ranggau oleh Ramlee Awang Murshid. Kajian telah mengenal pasti jenis eufemisme dalam novel tersebut, iaitu konotasi negatif, penggantian dan bahasa kiasan. Dapatan juga menunjukkan eufemisme jenis konotasi negatif paling kerap digunakan. Makalah ini mampu menyumbang idea-idea eufemisme dalam berkarya dan boleh dijadikan sebagai panduan untuk lebih mendalaminya.
Politeness in language is needed to maintain speech manners such as through the use of euphemism elements. Euphemism elements are pertinent means of expression to ensure language politeness in printed media like novels in particular, so that offensive, disreputable and provocative issues can be minimised. However, there is inexplicit study to substantiate the use of euphemisms among Malaysian novel writers. This calls for a conscientious study to determine the types of euphemism that are appropriate for the local novel writers. Hence, this paper aims to explore the types of euphemism elements utilised in a novel, Ranggau by Ramlee Awang Murshid. This study used textual analysis method, as well as Allan and Burridge’s (1991) approach to decipher the types of euphemism elements in the novel. Findings identified certain types of euphemism elements namely substitutions, figurative language and negative connotation as the dominant types of euphemism found in the novel. This study contributes to ideas on utilising euphemism elements in literary works and as a guideline for a more in-depth exploration on the elements.
Opposing Native Interest in Shakespeare’s The Tempest and Tagore’s Tasher Desh and Achalayatan: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Safiur , Idrus Mohd Muzhafar 
Published: April 2022

In the field of literature, the study of colonization and its aftermath is a significant phenomenon. Shakespeare’s The Tempest presents the story of colonial exploitation, and the tragic and inevitable disintegration of native culture as the result of European invasion and colonization. Instead of justifying the idea of colonization, The Tempest presents a criticism of it. On the other hand, in Tagore’s Tasher Desh (The Country of Cards) and Achalayatan (The Land of Immobility), we see the different attitudes towards European invasion and colonization. Instead of presenting the negative aspects of colonization, as expected from a writer who spent whole of his life under the British colonial rule, Tagore rather shows ambivalent attitudes towards colonization. In this paper we discuss different attitudes towards colonization as expressed in Shakespeare’s The Tempest in the one hand, and Tagore’s Tasher Desh and Achalayatan on the other hand. This paper draws on a close analysis of the texts using some postcolonial insights, theory of hybridity, and theory of ambivalence. Hybridity theory is credited to Homi K Bhabha. It claims that in creating a shared culture the colonizer and the colonized are mutually interdependent. Again, ambivalence theory, adopted by Bhabha into colonial discourse, examines the ambivalent feeling of repulsion and attraction that typifies the relationship between the colonized and the colonizer. The insights developed from the research will contribute to academic understanding of the shared culture constructed by the interactions between the colonized and the colonizer.
Integrating 21st Century Skills in an English Language Summer Camp for Upper Secondary School Students: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia’s Experience
Authors: Mohamed Zain Azni , Ab Wahab Nursyuhada’ , Abdullah Hazlina , Ismail Adnan Juliana Niza , Mohamad Nazri Nur Dalila 
Published: April 2022

Module development is one of the essential components in planning a course, especially in instilling specific learning objectives into the teaching and learning process. In language learning, the aspect of module development needs to incorporate interesting, creative, interactive and communicative elements, as it should serve as a guideline to navigate courses and programmes in specific contexts. 21st century learning is a new concept that has become widespread globally and aims to produce more flexible learners. This concept is equipped with a myriad of skills that can assist learners in the future job market and beyond. However, there are many perceptions that surround this new mode of learning, as most people seem to dismiss 21st century learning as merely focusing on technology, with a limited scope of variety in relating teaching and learning to incorporate other aspects. This paper aims to present the development of a module based on 21st century learning skills for a group of upper secondary school students, participating in a short duration Language Summer Camp, which entails the usage of ICT skills, creativity, critical thinking, collaboration and leadership skills. Examples of lessons and activities that support the learning of language together with the essential 21st century skills are presented. From garnering new technological skills, to becoming competent communicators and advanced problem solvers, students are hoped to benefit from this dynamic and engaging module, hence, enhancing the connection between traditional learning methods, while expanding teaching modes to become more collaborative for teachers and learners alike.
The Influence of Active Teaching-Learning Methods on Students’ Academic Performance in Mandarin Course: Undergraduates in Focus
Authors: Hui Ling Lee , Che Abas Atirah Izzah , Shaari Jamilah 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of using active teaching methods on students' academic performance. A sample of 35 undergraduate students who took Mandarin as third language has been chosen for this purpose. The students were exposed to nine teaching methods namely (1) compare and contrast, (2) word wall, (3) take note and summarizing, (4) recitation, (5) cues, question and activating prior knowledge, (6) role play, (7) non-linguistic representation, (8) homework and practice, and (9) analysis of students’ work and discussion. From the t-test analysis conducted, it was found that students scored higher t-value of 24.8 in post-test as oppose to pre-test value of 13.6 with the significant value of .00. Hence, it can be concluded that through the implementation of the nine active teaching methods, students have improved their academic performance significantly.

Keywords: active teaching method, Mandarin, undergraduate, academic performance.
EFL Instructors’ Perceptions on the Integration and Implementation of MALL in EFL Classes
Authors: Khan Raja  Muhammad Ishtiaq , Mohd  Radzuan Noor  Raha , Shahbaz Muhammad , Ibrahim Ainol  Haryati 
Published: April 2022

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has opened new opportunities for language instructors to develop their use of technology and implement new teaching practices focused on learners. The increased use of technology in language learning means instructors can play a key role in motivating learners by integrating readily available technologies for language learning development into their teaching practices. The focus of this present investigation is to explore the attitudes of Saudi instructors teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) regarding the implementation of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). The target population for this study was Saudi EFL instructors who are currently teaching English in Saudi Arabia. The research methods for the study included a questionnaire, as well as in-depth interviews that were conducted to explore the attitudes of EFL instructors. The results of the survey questionnaire and interviews revealed moderately positive attitudes among participants regarding the use of mobile phones for language learning and teaching activities. The findings also indicate the existence of some challenges that could prove to be a significant hurdle for mobile phone integration in EFL learning and teaching in Saudi Arabia. Most of the instructors reported that they do not use mobile phones or MALL activities in their EFL classes. The results also showed that EFL teachers do not have the required skills to use/develop MALL activities. This study concludes by offering recommendations and suggestions for how to implement MALL and remove potential barriers to MALL implementation in EFL instruction.
Keywords: EFL, MALL, EFL Instructors’ attitudes towards MALL, Challenges for MALL
An Intervention in Congruence for End-of-Life Treatment Preference: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Baker Justin N. , Friebert Sarah , Needle Jennifer , Jiang JiJi , Wang Jichuan , Lyon Maureen E. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
There is a gap in family knowledge of their adolescents’ end-of-life (EOL) treatment preferences. We tested the efficacy of Family Centered Advance Care Planning for Teens with Cancer (FACE-TC) pediatric advance care planning (to increase congruence in EOL treatment preferences.

METHODS
Adolescents with cancer/family dyads were randomized into a clinical trial from July 2016 to April 2019 at a 2:1 ratio: intervention (n = 83); control (n = 43) to either 3 weekly sessions of FACE-TC (Lyon Advance Care Planning Survey; Next Steps: Respecting Choices Interview; Five Wishes, advance directive) or treatment as usual (TAU). Statement of Treatment Preferences measured congruence.

RESULTS
Adolescents’ (n = 126) mean age was 16.9 years; 57% were female and 79% were White. FACE-TC dyads had greater overall agreement than TAU: high 34% vs 2%, moderate 52% vs 45%, low 14% vs 52%, and P &lt; .0001. Significantly greater odds of congruence were found for FACE-TC dyads than TAU for 3 of 4 disease-specific scenarios: for example, “a long hospitalization with low chance of survival,” 78% (57 of 73) vs 45% (19 of 42); odds ratio, 4.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.89–9.82). FACE-TC families were more likely to agree to stop some treatments. Intervention adolescents, 67% (48 of 73), wanted their families to do what is best at the time, whereas fewer TAU adolescents, 43% (18 of 42), gave families this leeway (P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS
High-quality pediatric advance care planning enabled families to know their adolescents’ EOL treatment preferences.
The Catholic Church’s Responsibility in Creating a Safeguarding Culture
Authors: Zollner Hans 
Published: April 2022

The safeguarding of minors and of vulnerable adult persons is an intrinsic aspect of the mission that the Lord has entrusted the Church and it is the responsibility of all the faithful to fulfil it, whatever capacity they hold in the Church. Unfortunately, it is not possible to eradicate child abuse entirely as it is a human reality, but much can be done by creating a culture of safe space and safe relationships within the Church and beyond. The Catholic Church, as the oldest and biggest institution in the world and with its religious and moral values, has a special responsibility in preventing any kind of abuse, in protecting the most vulnerable, and furthermore, in Safeguarding; in creating safe spaces and safe relationships. Listening to victims and survivors of abuse who have been harmed in the Church or outside, is key for being and acting in a responsible, accountable, and transparent way. This is the cornerstone for credibility and for promoting the faith.
Reflections on the Report on the Holy See’s Institutional Knowledge and Decision-Making Related to Former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick. Credits and Doubts
Authors: Bortkiewicz Paweł 
Published: April 2022

“Woe! It is so shameful to even speak about it. The cancer of sodomite unchastity spreads throughout the clergy,” cries Peter Damiani at the beginning of his letter-treatise written circa 1051 A.D. The author of “Liber Gomorrhianus” points out that he knows the problem well as it concerns the milieus he is familiar with, or with which he corresponds. Without a doubt, Damiani observed such sinful behavior in his own monastery and hermitage. Therefore, he could define and characterize such pathologies among the clergy. He also rebuked Church authorities for considering the removal of a sinner from the priesthood only in the case of anal intercourse, while tolerating other sodomite behavior. Damiani enumerates types of conduct that breach the natural law as only man’s attraction to a woman is natural. He also criticizes certain provisions of the canon law as, according to him, they meant excusing the sins of sodomy.
Counteracting Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church: the System in Poland
Authors: Przeciszewski Marcin 
Published: April 2022

The Catholic Church in Poland, as happened before in other countries, faces the disclosure of scandals connected with the sexual abuse of minors by certain clergymen. This is a grave problem in the pastoral field and with the public image. According to the report of March 2019 by Instytut Statystyki Kościoła Katolickiego [Institute of the Statistics of the Catholic Church] 382 cases of sexual abuse were reported in 1990–2018, whereas the percentage of clergymen accused of abusing minors (up to 18 years of age) was 0,4%. The system of protecting children and youth against sexual abuse within the Church in Poland has been established since 2009. It was then that the Polish Bishops Conference adopted the first Wytyczne określające sposób postępowania w przypadkach wykorzystywania seksualnego małoletnich przez niektórych duchownych [Guidelines Specifying the Procedure in Cases of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Clergymen]. The system focuses on taking care of victims, developing clear norms and structures to bring to justice those clergymen who have committed the crimes and developing prevention programs for the protection of minors (which have already been implemented in all dioceses and in the majority of male religious congregations). It also runs Fundacja Świętego Józefa [St. Joseph Foundation] which provides various forms of help, mainly therapeutic, to the victims. In Kraków, Centrum Ochrony Dziecka [Center for the Protection of Children] established in 2013 runs and coordinates training activities. In dioceses and religious congregations there are delegates dedicated to the protection of children and youth, as well as ministers for those that have been sexually abused by clergymen. The chief Delegate for the Protection of Children and Youth, the Archbishop Wojciech Polak, Primate of Poland, has also been appointed.The results of preliminary investigations are passed along to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under whose auspices a process of further investigation is run. The latest element of the system is the application of the norms introduced by Pope Francis under the motu proprio “Vos estis lux mundi”. They involve disciplining higher Church superiors who have concealed or covered up crimes of sexual abuse of minors.The Roman Catholic Church is the only public institution in Poland which has developed such meticulous internal standards as regards the punishment of the perpetrators, prevention programs and assistance to the victims. The purpose of the article is, therefore, to show the actions which the Church has taken in order to counteract the abuse of minors within the Church, both from the formal point of view as well as from the practical perspective: to substitute the mentality of “one must protect one’s men” with the one permeated with the spirit of the Gospel.