bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis of the ro-vibrational states of screened hydrogen molecular ion

H2+

in the regime of Borromean binding
Authors: Mondal S , Sadhukhan A , Mukhopadhyay T K , Pawlak M , Saha J K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A detailed analysis on the structural properties of first three ro-vibrational (J = 0, ν = 0, 1, 2; J and ν being the rotational and vibrational quantum numbers, respectively) states of

H

2

+

ion bound via screened Coulomb interaction has been reported. Generalized Hylleraas type basis set has been considered to construct the trial wave function under the Ritz variational framework. In order to incorporate the localized relative motion of the protons (or nuclei), we have used high powers of the interprotonic (or internuclear) distance in the basis set. The Borromean binding regime or the Borromean window (BW) has been identified for the said three states of

H

2

+

ion. The energy components contributing to the total energy are estimated as a parametric function of the screening parameter. Different geometrical entities e.g. radial moments

〈

r

i

p

〉

(p = − 1, 1 and 2), angular moments

〈
cos

θ

i

〉

[(i) = (1) or (12)], expectation value of the delta function

δ
(

r

⃗

1

)

as well as the one-particle density are determined to get a clear view of the structural behaviour of

H

2

+

ion in its ground state as well as in the excited states, specially within the BW.
Magnetic potential based formulation for linear and non-linear 3D RF sheath simulation
Authors: Shiraiwa S. , Bertelli N. , Tierens W. , Bilato R. , Hillairet J. , Myra J. , Kohno H. , Poulos M. , Ono M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a new numerical scheme to simulate the radio-frequency (RF) induced RF sheath, which is suitable for a large 3D simulation. In the RF sheath boundary model, the tangential component of the electric field (

E

t

) is given by the gradient of a scalar electric field potential. We introduce two additional scalar potentials for the tangential components of the magnetic field, which effectively impose the normal electric displacement (D

n
) on the plasma sheath boundary condition via in-homogeneous Neumann boundary condition and constrain the tangential electric field on the surface as curl-free (

∇
×

E

t

=
0

). In our approach, the non-linear sheath impedance is formulated as a natural extension of the large thickness (or asymptotic) sheath limit (

D

n

=
0

), allowing for handling both asymptotic and non-linear regimes seamlessly. The new scheme is implemented using the Petra-M finite element method analysis framework and is verified with simulations in the literature. The significance of non-linearity is discussed in various plasma conditions. An application of this scheme to asymptotic RF sheath simulation on the WEST ICRF antenna side limiters is also discussed.
On the interaction between the island divertor heat fluxes, the scrape-off layer radial electric field and the edge turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X plasmas
Authors: Maragkoudakis E. , Carralero D. , Estrada T. , Windisch T. , Gao Y. , Killer C. , Jakubowski M. , Puig Sitjes A. , Pisano F. , Sándor H. , Vecsei M. , Zoletnik S. , Cappa A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The formation of the radial electric field,

E

r

in the scrape-off layer (SOL) has been experimentally studied for attached divertor conditions in stellarator W7-X. The main objective of this study is to test the validity in a complex three-dimensional (3D) island divertor of simple models, typically developed in tokamaks, relating

E

r

in the SOL to the sheath potential drop gradient at the target. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the edge

E

r

shear on the reduction of density fluctuation amplitude, a well-established phenomenon according to the existing bibliography. The main diagnostic for measurements in the SOL is a V-band Doppler reflectometer that can provide the measurement of the

E

r

and density fluctuations with good spatial resolution. 3D measurements of divertor parameters have been carried out using infrared cameras, with the exponential decay length of the divertor heat flux (

λ

q

) resulting in a suitable proxy for the model-relevant

λ

T

, the exponential decay length of the temperature at the divertor. In the investigated attached regimes, it is shown for the first time that the formation of the

E

r

in the SOL depends on parameters at the divertor, following a

E

r

∝

T

e

/

λ

q

qualitatively similar to that found in a tokamak. Then, from the analyzed plasmas, the observed

E

r

shear at the edge is linked to a moderate local reduction of the amplitude of density fluctuations.
Fluctuating kinetic theory and fluctuating hydrodynamics of aligning active particles: the dilute limit
Authors: Feliachi Ouassim , Besse Marc , Nardini Cesare , Barré Julien 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Kinetic and hydrodynamic theories are widely employed for describing the collective behavior of active matter systems. At the fluctuating level, these have been obtained from explicit coarse-graining procedures in the limit where each particle interacts weakly with many others, so that the total forces and torques exerted on each of them is of order unity at all times. Such limit is however not relevant for dilute systems that mostly interact via alignment; there, collisions are rare and make the self-propulsion direction to change abruptly. We derive a fluctuating kinetic theory, and the corresponding fluctuating hydrodynamics, for aligning self-propelled particles in the limit of dilute systems. We discover that fluctuations at kinetic level are not Gaussian and depend on the interactions among particles, but that only their Gaussian part survives in the hydrodynamic limit. At variance with fluctuating hydrodynamics for weakly interacting particles, we find that the noise variance at hydrodynamic level depends on the interaction rules among particles and is proportional to the square of the density, reflecting the binary nature of the aligning process. The results of this paper, which are derived for polar self-propelled particles with polar alignment, could be straightforwardly extended to polar particles with nematic alignment or to fully nematic systems.
Unidirectional diphenylalanine nanotubes for dynamically guiding neurite outgrowth
Authors: Zu Lipeng , Shi Huiyao , Yang Jia , Zhang Chuang , Fu Yuanyuan , Xi Ning , Liu Lianqing , Wang Wenxue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Neural networks have been cultured in vitro to investigate brain functions and diseases, clinical treatments for brain damage, and device development. However, it remains challenging to form complex neural network structures with desired orientations and connections in vitro. Here, we introduce a dynamic strategy by using diphenylalanine (FF) nanotubes for controlling physical patterns on a substrate to regulate neurite-growth orientation in cultivating neural networks. Parallel FF nanotube patterns guide neurons to develop neurites through the unidirectional FF nanotubes while restricting their polarization direction. Subsequently, the FF nanotubes disassemble and the restriction of neurites disappear, and secondary neurite development of the neural network occurs in other direction. Experiments were conducted that use the hippocampal neurons, and the results demonstrated that the cultured neural networks by using the proposed dynamic approach can form a significant cross-connected structure with substantially more lateral neural connections than static substrates. The proposed dynamic approach for neurite outgrowing enables the construction of oriented innervation and cross-connected neural networks in vitro and may explore the way for the bio-fabrication of highly complex structures in tissue engineering.
Interactions between concerns for the environment and other sources of concern in 31 European countries
Authors: Marasco Addolorata , Romano Alessandro , Sotis Chiara 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding how different sources of concern interact in people’s mind is a question that has entertained generations of scholars. The finite-pool-of-worry (FPW) hypothesis states that humans have limited resources to worry, thus when they are worried about one issue they become less worried about other issues. Instead, the affect generalization theory (AGT) posits that an increased level of worry about one threat increases concerns about related threats. To this end, we adopt a Lotka–Volterra model to detect instances of AGT and FPW among worries for the environment, economy, safety, social issues and immigration in 31 European countries between 2012 and 2019 (Eurobarometer data). Consistently with AGT, we find that an increase in the concern for the environment often favors the growth of concerns for the economy. Meanwhile, consistently with FPW, an increase in the concerns for the economy and for other sources of worry, often pushes down concerns for the environment. Building on our results, we hypothesize the existence of a pyramid of worries. At the bottom of the pyramid lie worries like concerns for the economy, which generally predate other worries. Concerns for the environment lie at the very top of the pyramid as they are generally predated by other worries. Last, we find that AGT and FPW can coexist not only over time and across countries, but also as a result of an asymmetric interaction.
Process-based climate change assessment for European winds using EURO-CORDEX and global models
Authors: Wohland Jan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wind energy is an important pillar of decarbonization strategies and potentially vulnerable to climate change. Existing wind climate change assessments rely on climate models but a systematic investigation of the global-to-regional climate modeling chain is missing. In this study, I highlight key limitations, namely (a) the differing representation of land use change in global and regional climate models which compromises comparability, and (b) the consistency of large-scale features along the global-to-regional climate modeling chain. To this end, I analyze the large European Coordinated Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) ensemble (rcp85: N = 49; rcp45: N= 18; rcp26: N = 22) along with the driving global models (rcp85: N = 7; rcp45: N = 5; rcp26: N = 7), finding evidence that climate change reduces mean wind speeds by up to −0.8 m s−1 (offshore) and −0.3 m s−1 (onshore). I provide physical explanations for these changes by identifying two key drivers. First, onshore wind speeds drop in the driving global models in regions and scenarios with strong land use change but show no drop in EURO-CORDEX where land use is held constant. Second, offshore wind reductions follow decreases in the equator-to-pole temperature gradient remarkably well with correlations reaching around 0.9 in resource-rich European countries like Ireland, the United Kingdom and Norway, implying that arctic amplification is a severe risk for European offshore wind energy. My results suggest that earlier conclusions of negligible climate change impacts on wind energy might be premature if either land use changes strongly or polar amplification is at or above the range sampled in global climate models.
Computable lower bounds on the entanglement cost of quantum channels
Authors: Lami Ludovico , Regula Bartosz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A class of lower bounds for the entanglement cost of any quantum state was recently introduced in Lami and Regula (2023 Nature Physics) in the form of entanglement monotones known as the tempered robustness and tempered negativity. Here we extend their definitions to point-to-point quantum channels, establishing a lower bound for the asymptotic entanglement cost of any channel, whether finite or infinite dimensional. This leads, in particular, to a bound that is computable as a semidefinite program and that can outperform previously known lower bounds, including ones based on quantum relative entropy. In the course of our proof we establish a useful link between the robustness of entanglement of quantum states and quantum channels, which requires several technical developments such as showing the lower semicontinuity of the robustness of entanglement of a channel in the weak*-operator topology on bounded linear maps between spaces of trace class operators.
Excitation and power spectrum analysis of electromagnetic radiation for the plasma wake of reentry vehicles
Authors: TONG Jiachen , LI Haiying , XU Bin , WU Songyang , BAI Lu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The plasma wake of reentry vehicles has the advantages of extensive space range and long traceability, which provides new possibilities for the detection and monitoring of reentry vehicles. Based on the Zakharov model, this work investigates the excitation and power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation for the plasma wake of a typical reentry vehicle. With the aid of parametric decay instability, the excitation condition of electromagnetic radiation for a typical plasma wake is evaluated first. The power spectrum characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, including the effects of both the flight parameters and incident wave parameters are analyzed in detail. The results show that when the phenomenon of excited electromagnetic radiation occurs, plasma wakes closer to the bottom of the vehicle and with faster speeds require higher incident frequencies and thresholds of the electric field. As the frequency of the incident wave increases, peaks appear in the power spectra of plasma wakes, and their magnitudes increase gradually. The frequency shifts of the secondary peaks are equal, whereas, the peaks of the downshifted spectral lines are generally larger than those of the upshifted spectral lines. The work in this paper provides a new idea and method for the tracking of reentry vehicles, which has potential application value in the field of reentry vehicle detection.
Does renewable energy consumption reduce energy ecological footprint: evidence from China
Authors: Nan Yu , Sun Renjin , Mei He , Yue Sun , Yuliang Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The modern economic growth paradigm relies heavily on natural endowments. Renewable energy as a permanent energy source has the potential to reduce the ecological footprint (EF). We adopt the Vector Autoregressive model to examine the impact of renewable energy consumption on the energy EF and use the quantile regression method to test the heterogeneity and asymmetry between energy EF and photovoltaic, wind energy, and biomass energy. The results show that renewable energy has a long-term negative impact on the EF, and for every 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, the energy EF will decrease by 2.91%. The contribution of renewable energy consumption to reducing the EF is 1.34% on average. There is no two-way Granger causality between renewable energy consumption and energy EF. The reduction effect of wind energy consumption on the energy EF varies the most, followed by biomass energy and photovoltaic. In addition, under different energy EF distribution conditions, the impact of photovoltaic or wind energy or biomass energy consumption on the energy EF is different.
Morrey regularity theory of Rivière’s equation
Authors: Du Hou-Wei , Kang Yu-Ting , Wang Jixiu 
Published: November 2022

This note is devoted to developing Morrey regularity theory for the following system of Rivière

−
Δ
u
=
Ω
⋅
∇
u
+
f

in

B

2

,

\begin{equation*} -\Delta u=\Omega \cdot \nabla u+f \qquad \text {in }B^{2}, \end{equation*}

under the assumption that

f
f

belongs to some Morrey space. Our results extend the

L
p

L^p

regularity theory of Sharp and Topping [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 365 (2013), pp. 2317–2339], and also generalize a Hölder continuity result of Wang [Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 56 (2017), Paper No. 23, 24] on harmonic mappings. Potential applications of our results are also possible in second order conformally invariant geometrical problems as that of Wang [Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 56 (2017), Paper No. 23, 24].
A Latent Class Analysis of Perceived Barriers to Help-seeking Among People with Alcohol Use Problems Presenting for Telephone-delivered Treatment
Authors: Grigg Jasmin , Manning Victoria , Cheetham Ali , Youssef George , Hall Kate , Baker Amanda L , Staiger Petra K , Volpe Isabelle , Stragalinos Peta , Lubman Dan I 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims
Despite the magnitude of alcohol use problems globally, treatment uptake remains low. This study sought to determine the proportion of people presenting to telephone-delivered alcohol treatment who are first-time help-seekers, and explored perceived barriers to help-seeking to understand the barriers this format of treatment may help to address.

Methods
Secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a telephone-delivered intervention for alcohol use problems. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified participant profiles according to self-reported barriers to alcohol treatment.

Results
Participants’ (344) mean age was 39.86 years (SD = 11.36, 18–73 years); 51.45% were male. Despite high alcohol problem severity (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test: mean = 21.54, SD = 6.30; 63.37% probable dependence), multiple barriers to accessing treatment were endorsed (mean = 5.64, SD = 2.41), and fewer than one-third (29.36%) had previously accessed treatment. LCA revealed a two-class model: a ‘low problem recognition’ class (43.32%) endorsed readiness-for-change and attitudinal barriers; a ‘complex barriers’ class (56.68%) endorsed stigma, structural, attitudinal and readiness-to-change barriers, with complex barrier class membership predicted by female sex (adjusted OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.28, 0.72) and higher psychological distress (adjusted OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.08, 1.18).

Conclusion
The majority of people accessing this telephone-delivered intervention were new to treatment, yet had high alcohol problem severity. Two distinct profiles emerged, for which telephone interventions may overcome barriers to care and tailored approaches should be explored (e.g. increasing problem awareness, reducing psychological distress). Public health strategies to address stigma, and raise awareness about the low levels of drinking that constitute problem alcohol use, are needed to increase help-seeking.
Place-Based Bias in Environmental Scholarship Derived from Social–Ecological Landscapes of Fear
Authors: Gadsden Gabriel I , Golden Nigel , Harris Nyeema C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Historical perspectives (e.g., moments of social, political, and economic significance) are increasingly relevant for developing insights into landscape change and ecosystem degradation. However, the question of how to incorporate historical events into ecological inquiry is still under development, owing to the evolving paradigm of transdisciplinary thinking between natural science and the humanities. In the present article, we call for the inclusion of negative human histories (e.g., evictions of communities and environmental injustices) as important factors that drive landscape change and shape research questions relevant to environmental conservation. We outline the detrimental effects of conservationists not addressing negative human histories by likening this social phenomenon to the ecological concept of landscapes of fear, which describes how not acknowledging these histories produces a landscape that constrains where and how research is conducted by scientists. Finally, we provide three positive recommendations for scholars or practitioners to address the manifestation of historic place-based bias in ecological research. What we call the social–ecological landscapes of fear provides a conceptual framework for more inclusive practices in ecology to increase the success of environmental and conservation goals.
A Half Century of Student Data Reveals the Professional Impacts of a Biology Field Course
Authors: Arcila Hernández Lina M , Mittan-Moreau Cinnamon S , Lamb Todd , Holmes Katherine D , McDonald Coby A , Zamudio Kelly R , Ballen Cissy J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractField courses provide learning experiences that diversify curricula and inspire students. Despite these benefits, we still have much to learn about field course impacts on student outcomes and career trajectories. We used a 50-year longitudinal data set to compare career outcomes for graduate students who participated in a biology field course with those of students who did not. More broadly, we surveyed students to identify graduate experiences most useful to advancing their careers. We found that field course attendees coauthored more scientific publications than did nonattendees. Although the students in both groups graduated and continued on to scientific careers at similar rates, the students attending the field course became faculty at a higher rate. Survey data showed that field courses provide valuable opportunities to graduate students, including student-led environments and mentor feedback. Our findings underscore the importance of field courses as effective tools to train the next generation of scientists.
IBCOx-15 Bariatric surgery in patients with BMI greater than 70: analysis of the ACSNSQIP database
Authors: Romero-Velez G , Garcia Cabrera A T , Pechman D M , Flores F M , Moran-Atkin E , Choi J , Camacho D R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Bariatric surgery offers patients short- and long-term benefits to their health and quality of life. Currently, we see more patients with superior body mass index (BMI) looking for these benefits. Evidence-based medicine is integral in the evaluation of risks versus benefit; however, data are lacking in this high-risk population.

Objectives
To assess the morbidity and mortality of patients with BMI 70 undergoing bariatric surgery.

Setting
University Hospital, Bronx, New York, USA using national database.

Methods
Using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database for years 2005 to 2016, we identified patients who underwent primary laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Patients with BMI ≥70 were assigned to the BMI ≥ 70 (BMI70+) cohort and less obese patients were assigned to the BMI &lt; 70 (U70) cohort. Length of stay and 30-day morbidity and mortality were compared.

Results
A total of 163,413 patients underwent non-revisional bariatric surgery. Of those, 2322 had a BMI ≥ 70. BMI70+ was associated with increased mortality (0.4% versus 0.1%, P 5.0001), deep vein thrombosis (0.6% versus 0.3%, P 5.007), pulmonary (1.9% versus 0.5%, P 5.0001), renal (0.9% versus 0.2%, P 5.0001), and infectious complications (1.1% versus .4%, P 5 .0001). BMI 70+ patients had longer mean length of stay (2.6 versus 2.1 d, P 5.0001) and operative time (126.1 versus 114.5 min, P 5.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of myocardial infarctions (0.1% versus 0.1%, P 5.319), pulmonary embolisms (0.3% versus 0.2%, P 5.596), and transfusion requirements (0.1% versus 0.1%, P 5.105) between groups.

Conclusions
Evaluation of risk and benefit is performed on a case-by-case basis, but evidence-based medicine is critical in empowering surgeons and patients to make informed decisions. The overall rate of morbidity and mortality for BMI 701+ patients undergoing bariatric surgery was increased over U70 patients but was still relatively low. Our study will allow surgeons to incorporate objective data into their assessment of risk for super-obese patients pursuing bariatric surgery.