bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacrificial Limbs: Masculinity, Disability and Political Violence in Turkey
Authors: Yoltar Çağrı 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe honorific term gazi has a significant place in right‐wing politics in Turkey as a key symbol of Turkish nationalism and Islamism. Historically a title associated with Muslim warriors and Ottoman and Turkish sovereigns, it has gained a renewed visibility in everyday life and politics since the 1990s, when the Turkish state began to bestow this title on disabled veterans returning from the counterinsurgency war in Kurdistan. As the war's toll rose, thousands of young, lower‐class men who were badly wounded during their mandatory military service ended up joining the ranks of the gazis, and their injured lives and honored status would go on to become an important point of nationalist rhetoric and action. In Sacrificial Limbs, Salih Can Açıksöz takes his readers deep into the world of Turkey's contemporary gazis, chronicling diverse aspects of their lives – from their memories of war and traumatic experiences of injury, to their everyday struggles in the intimacy of their homes, at healthcare institutions, at work, and on the streets. Traversing disabled veterans’ social and political networks, Açıksöz lays bare a dangerously fragile masculinity and its constitutive interactions with state sovereignty, neoliberal governmentality, and ultranationalist politicization.
The Future of Fallout, and Other Episodes in Radioactive World‐Making
Authors: Calkins Sandra 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTWhile I was reading Joseph Masco's disturbing book The Future of Fallout, news media reported that China had successfully tested a hypersonic missile, a military technology so advanced it could bypass the US missile defense system. This, many nervous commentators noted, put China ahead of the US in the global arms race, justifying further urgent military investments to catch‐ up. Masco's book is a damning appraisal of such mobilizations of existential threat from the outside and the ways they conceptually underpin the US industrial‐military complex. After World War II fantasies of imminent threat have taken different forms—from the scenarios of nuclear war in the Cold War to those mobilized since 2001 in the so‐called War on Terror. The Future of Fallout examines how these forms of endangerment have seamlessly worked together to colonize American everyday life at the psycho‐social and affective level, while diverting attention from actual forms of planetary violence that the petrochemical industry and the military complex commit.
The effects of acute high‐intensity interval exercise on the temporal dynamics of working memory and contralateral delay activity
Authors: Drollette Eric S. , Meadows Caroline C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present investigation examined the acute effects of high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on temporal changes in behavioral and neuroelectrical indices of working memory. Young adults (n = 22) performed a visual working memory change detection task of equiprobable 2‐ to 5‐dot set sizes while contralateral delay activity (CDA) and N2pc ERP components were assessed at three consecutive time periods (40‐min, 54‐min, and 68‐min) following three separate counterbalanced 9‐min sessions of seated rest, HIIE‐aerobic (treadmill intervals of moderate‐ and high‐intensity run/walk periods) and HIIE‐aerobic/resistance (intervals of rest and body‐weight calisthenics). Behavior results revealed greater 4‐dot accuracy for HIIE‐aerobic/resistance compared to seated rest only at 40‐min, maintenance of 5‐dot accuracy across time for HIIE‐aerobic compared to HIIE‐aerobic/resistance and seated rest, and greater temporal stability in overall accuracy performance (i.e., inter‐class correlation between temporally adjacent assessments) for both HIIE conditions compared to seated rest. CDA and N2pc results revealed no change in amplitude across time and between HIIE‐aerobic, HIIE‐aerobic/resistance, and seated rest. However, greater temporal stability in CDA amplitude was observed for HIIE‐aerobic compared to seated rest. These findings suggest that short bouts of HIIE may serve as an effective modality for improvements and temporal stabilization in behavior with some evidence for stabilization of neuroelectrical indices of working memory capacity. Together, these data broadly suggest that short acute bouts of exercise may facilitate improvements in underlying mental operations responsible for temporal stability in cognitive and neurocognitive function.
Qualitative inquiry from multiple perspectives of barriers and facilitators of oral health care for adults with disabilities
Authors: Chavis Sydnee E. , Roth Erin , Dababnah Sarah , Tepper Vicki , Badawi Deborah G. , Mullins C. Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsAdults with special health care needs (ASHCN) face significant disparities in access to oral health care and subsequent health outcomes, resulting from several etiologies. This study investigated perspectives of patients, caregivers, and providers to better understand care barriers and facilitators for ASHCN.MethodsWe conducted 26 semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sample from an academic clinic specializing in oral health care for ASHCN with disabilities [patients (N = 4), caregivers (N = 8), and providers (N = 14)], and thematically analyzed transcripts for care barriers and facilitators.ResultsThree overarching themes that encompassed overlapping barriers and facilitators of oral health care for ASHCN emerged: relational aspects, provider training/experience, and infrastructure aspects. Themes include intersecting perceptions of factors that hinder or help oral health care and management of ASHCN.ConclusionsBuilding relationships with patients, inherent empathetic provider characteristics, and accommodating clinical infrastructure are imperative to facilitate oral health care for ASHCN. The primary themes revealed in this study are facilitators to care when they are present, and barriers to care when they are absent. No individual theme stands alone as a single contributor to quality care, and the provision of care for ASHCN relies on coordination of providers, patients, caregivers, and the overarching infrastructure.
Mulattoes in colonial Maryland: The effects of colonial law on patterns of freedom and enslavement
Authors: Hunt Larry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study analyzes Maryland colonial law and empirically examines two sets of historical data to explore how legal codes affected the assignment of mulattoes (mixed‐descent persons) to the legal categories of freedom or enslavement. Maryland law was concerned with regulating the sexual relationships between people of European descent and people of African descent, especially when the relationship was between an enslaved African man and a free European woman who might produce a mulatto child having free legal standing.MethodsAnalysis of colonial census data and Prerogative Court Records are used to estimate both the size and the composition (enslaved vs. free) of the mulatto (mixed‐descent) population in the colony of Maryland in the 17th and 18th centuries.ResultsThe results of the analysis of historical data show that colonial law and its sanctions limited the size of the mulatto population; it was small as expected. However, there were no dramatic differences in the proportions of enslaved and free mulattoes, a pattern that ran contrary to the logic of colonial law. The lack of any dramatic difference between the two status groups may be explained by demographic patterns specific to the early stages of colonization.ConclusionsThe attempt of colonial lawmakers to limit the proportion of free mulattoes was not effective, at least in the initial periods of building a slave society. Some suggestions for future research combining the efforts of historians and geneticists should examine how the relationships between the European and African descent populations likely had distinctive patterns in the early formation of enslavement as an institution compared to a later period where enslavement became the fate of most persons of African descent.
Castells, Cities And The Network Society: Formidable Ambition, Great Intuitions, Selective Legacy
Authors: Le Galès Patrick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews the formidable but selective influence of Castells' analysis of the network society and the information revolution. First, the paper argues that the theorization and the style of writing this type of grand theory have both contributed to the success of those papers but also limited their long‐term influence. Second, it argues that Castells decisively contributed to identify the importance of global networks. However, his systematic use of this social form to explain the transformations proved in part misleading. Third, his analysis of spatial transformations is particularly interesting. As an urban sociologist, he has developed a sophisticated framework to articulate cities and urbanization processes in relation to global networks, neither reifying cities nor abandoning the concept contrasting European cities with metropolitan regions.
The management of urogynaecological problems in pregnancy and the postpartum period
Authors: Karim Faisal , Araklitis George , Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda 
Published: May 2022

Key content
Stress urinary incontinence is common in pregnancy and its severity can be reduced with pelvic floor muscle training.
Overactive bladder syndrome prevalence increases with gestation and treatment can be conservative or medical.
Pelvic organ prolapse is multifactorial. Pelvic floor exercises and pessaries are important treatments and previous surgical management can affect the mode of delivery.
Recurrent urinary tract infections can be treated with antibiotic prophylaxis or with non‐antibiotic prophylaxis such as methanamine hippurate, D‐Mannose and hygiene behaviour.
Urinary retention can occur at any point during pregnancy, causing bladder distension, voiding dysfunction and subsequent lifelong catheterisation.
Learning objectives
To be aware of the pathophysiology and management of different types of urinary tract dysfunction in pregnancy and the postpartum period.
To understand the potential causes and management of pelvic organ prolapse in pregnancy and the postpartum period.
To understand the different potential management options in recurrent lower urinary tract infections.
Moving ideas across borders: Foreign inventors, patents and FDI
Authors: Cuadros Ana , Navas Antonio , Paniagua Jordi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the link between innovation, migration and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) empirically within a theoretically consistent framework. It analyses how migrant inventors enhance multinational firms' adaptive innovation performance and ultimately foster FDI towards the migrant's country of origin. Foreign migrant inventors (migrants who filed a patent in their host country) possess a unique mix of technical knowledge and cultural background that contribute to adapting Research and Development (R&D) activities for foreign markets. Therefore, FDI increases in country‐pair‐sectors with specific endogenous investment in quality, which depends on the migrants in the R&D sector. We constructed a novel panel country‐sector data set including FDI, patents and migrant inventors and applied a two‐stage structural gravity estimation procedure using migrant inventors as a valid instrument for patents. The results show sizable effects on the extensive and intensive margins of greenfield FDI.
Osteosarcoma diagnosed in a dog using a formalin‐fixed fine‐needle aspirate biopsy
Authors: Etzioni Athema L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspirate (FNA) biopsy is considered a quick technique to access and identify the cell types present in a pathologic lesion or make a diagnosis. Often, clinicians want to know if they are dealing with an inflammatory lesion with or without infectious agents or a neoplastic lesion. At times, neoplastic lesions may be confounded by the presence of inflammatory cells.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the application of a formalin‐fixed FNA, designated the cytologic/histopathologic (CytoHisto) technique, to determine the diagnostic quality and ability to arrive at a definitive diagnosis without the use of concentrated cell block or invasive full tissue biopsy procedures during sample collection.MethodsA 10‐cc syringe with a 22‐gauge 1‐inch needle attached was used to obtain a sizable FNA biopsy sample from a thigh mass in a dog. The needle was removed from the syringe, and the material was expulsed from the syringe directly into 10% buffered formalin. After 24–48‐h fixation, a strainer was used to facilitate placement of the fixed granular material into a micromesh biopsy processing/embedding cassette, and the sample was processed as a routine histopathology sample. A microtome was used to make thin sections stained with H&E initially. Then, subsequent sections were stained with immunohistochemical (IHC) stains vimentin, MUM1, and CD18. Alkaline phosphatase staining was performed on a previously Wright's‐stained cytology following IHC results. All sections were coverslipped and viewed under a light microscope.ResultsWhen unable to perform incisional or excisional biopsies, this CytoHisto, FNA in formalin technique was useful for collection and subsequent processing as a histopathology sample, with sectioning and then staining with H&E and IHC stains. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunoreactive for vimentin but negative for MUM1 and CD18. Scattered leukocytes within the background stained positively with CD18.ConclusionsThe CytoHisto technique is minimally invasive and allows for sectioning similar to a full‐thickness excisional or incisional biopsy with subsequent H&E and IHC staining, and special stains allow for a definitive diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The CytoHisto technique is a practical diagnostic technique to pursue in clinical practice that minimizes patient invasiveness and maximizes sample collection time, similar to the routine FNA technique.
Prevalence of serum immunoglobulin E against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants in allergic and nonallergic horses, and its impact on polysensitisation in serum allergen tests
Authors: Hopke Kaitlin , Coleman Michelle , Kneese Eric , Dominguez Brandon , Diesel Alison , Patterson Adam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe existence of antibodies against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) has been studied extensively in humans, and more recently, in dogs and cats. These antibodies can reduce the specificity of in vitro serum allergen tests.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of anti‐CCD immunoglobulin (Ig)E in both allergic and nonallergic horses as well as evaluate its potential impact on serum allergen testing.AnimalsTwenty‐one allergic and 21 nonallergic horses.Methods and MaterialsSera were analysed for anti‐CCD IgE utilising a commercial CHO enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An allergen specific Fc‐ε receptor ELISA then was performed to evaluate polysensitisation, both with and without the addition of a proprietary anti‐CCD blocking solution.ResultsAntibodies against CCD were detected in 30 of 42 horses. There was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.18) between the allergic and healthy groups in regard to anti‐CCD prevalence. Horses with anti‐CCD IgE exhibited more polysensitisation on serum allergen tests than horses without anti‐CCD IgE in all allergen groups except mites. Polysensitisation was statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval for grasses (p <0.03), weeds (p = 0.02) and stinging insects (p = 0.0005). This was found to be true across both study groups. Inhibition with an anti‐CCD blocking solution resulted in a 43% average reduction in polysensitisation.Conclusion and clinical importanceThe prevalence of anti‐CCD IgE of horses in this study coincides with the prevalence detected in pollen‐sensitised people. Horses with anti‐CCD IgE exhibited more positive reactions on serum allergen tests. By minimising potential artifactual polysensitisation, inclusion of an anti‐CCD blocker may facilitate identification of allergen‐specific IgE.
Cases of dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton benhamiae var. luteum and T. europaeum, newly described dermatophytes within the T. benhamiae complex
Authors: Peano Andrea , Hubka Vit , Cavana Paola , Ottino Chiara , Blandolino Miriam , Molinar Min Anna Rita , Pasquetti Mario 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTrichophyton benhamiae var. luteum and T. europaeum – recently described dermatophytes within the T. benhamiae complex – were identified in nine cases of dermatophytosis involving guinea pigs, chinchillas and dogs. The diagnosis was obtained through direct hair/scale examination, culture and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA.
Effects of Gas Embolism on Pulsatile Flow Characteristics Within a Human Carotid Artery
Authors: Nalla Sai Kiran Kumar , Uppapalli Sebastian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Atherosclerosis in carotid arteries depends mostly on hemodynamic parameters, and any disturbances in pulsatile flows may alter the hemodynamic parameters extensively. Gas emboli are one such source that can hinder and disturb standard blood flow patterns and potentially lead to occlusions and ischemia. To understand how gas embolism affects carotid artery hemodynamics, numerical simulation of coupled Newtonian two-phase laminar flow with interface tracking are performed in an anatomical image-based geometry with flow conditions closely approximating physiological flows. Bubble behavior and Pulsatile flow field changes are quantified. Significant deviation from flow without gas embolism is observed leading to nonstandard flow distributions. Results show that gas embolism promotes complex spatio-temporal variations in the carotid artery hemodynamics leading to higher time averaged shear stress values and greater regions of high oscillatory shear index, implying higher probability of atherosclerosis incidence. Depending on contact angle, gas emboli were found to be lodged in carotid sinus or exiting the carotid artery, which can potentially cause abnormalities in blood pressures, heart rates, and ischemia in downstream vasculature, respectively.
Simplified Improvement of Higher Order Extended Bulk Flow Analysis Specialized for Derivation of Rotordynamic Coefficients of the Annular Plain Seal With Large Static Eccentricity
Authors: Inoue T. , Yamada K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rotordynamic (RD) fluid force of turbomachinery is known as one of the causes of the shaft vibration problem. Bulk flow analysis is the analytical method of RD fluid force, and it is widely used in design stage. Conventional bulk flow analysis has been basically carried out under the assumption of concentric circular whirl orbit. While, the actual turbomachinery is often operated with static eccentricity due to the effect of static load and so on. However, there are not many studies that have investigated the case with large static eccentricity, in particular, the case more than half the seal clearance. In this paper, the linear RD coefficient for the plain annular seal is focused on and examined for the range that static eccentricity is up to 65% of seal clearance. In this range of static eccentricity, it requires the nonlinear analysis extended to the fifth order and largely increases the number of equations to be solved. This paper proposed simplification of higher order extended bulk flow (SHEBF) analysis, and as a result, the number of analytical equations to be solved is significantly reduced. The validity of this method is confirmed both numerically and experimentally.
Preclinical Evaluation of a Task-Shifting Contraceptive Implant Insertion Device for Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Mohedas Ibrahim , Bell Carrie , Bekele Delayehu , Jiang Kevin , Soyars Caroline , Walsh Madeleine , Sienko Kathleen H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Worldwide, 225 million women have unmet contraceptive needs which, every year, leads to 52 million unintended pregnancies. A challenge to providing universal access to contraception is the large proportion of the population living in rural, difficult-to-access settings in low- and middle-income countries. Further, the availability and delivery of effective contraception in rural areas are limited by the lack of trained healthcare providers required to administer long-acting reversible contraceptives. In this study, we describe the design and testing of the SubQ Assist, a task-shifting contraceptive implant insertion device that aims to ensure appropriate and consistent subdermal administration. Cadaver testing and ultrasound depth measurements were used to evaluate the performance of the SubQ Assist. Implant insertion outcomes between the SubQ Assist operated by a trained clinician and the conventional freehand insertion method by a trained clinician were compared. Cadaver testing and ultrasound depth measurements demonstrated that the SubQ Assist resulted in implant insertions that were statistically equivalent to implants inserted using the freehand insertion method. Additionally, the results showed that the lateral positioning of these implants would facilitate uncomplicated removal at a later date. These findings demonstrated that the SubQ Assist can consistently insert implants at an appropriate depth. Pending clinical testing, the SubQ Assist may be an effective method of task-shifting the insertion of contraceptive implants from providers with advanced skills to minimally trained providers in order to expand access in rural areas.
Machine Health Management System Using Moving Average Feature With Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory
Authors: Mubarak Akram , Asmelash Mebrahitom , Azhari Azmir , Haggos Ftwi Yohannes , Mulubrhan Freselam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In today's highly competitive industrial environment, machine health management systems become a crucial factor for sustainability and success. The traditional feature extraction methods to reveal the health condition of the machine are labor-extensive. They usually depend on engineered design features, which require an expert knowledge level. Inspired by the successful results of deep-learning approaches that redefine representation learning from raw data, we propose moving-averaged features-based on Long-Short Term Memory (MaF-LSTM) networks. It is a hybrid approach that combines engineered features design with self-feature learning for the purpose of machine condition monitoring. First, features from overlapped sliding windows of the input time-series signals are extracted. Then, a moving-average filter is applied on the top of the generated features to enhance the feature’s condition indicter’s content. Next, a bidirectional LSTM is applied to learn the feature representation from the moving-averaged features. Two experiments, namely, bearing fault diagnosis and hydraulic accumulator fault detection, are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MaF-LSTM. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms all traditional condition monitoring methods in both use cases.