bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome expression shifts in Geobacter sulfurreducens to maximize energy conservation in response to changes in redox conditions
Authors: Howley Ethan , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa , Torres César I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have identified that Geobacter sulfurreducens has three different electron transfer pathways for respiration, and it switches between these pathways to adapt to the redox potential of its electron acceptor. However, only a small fraction of the electron carriers from each pathway have been identified. In this study, we combined electrochemical and gene expression data to identify electron carriers associated with each of the three pathways in the inner membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, and exterior of the cell. We demonstrate that it is not just the electron acceptor redox potential that controls pathway expression in G. sulfurreducens. Our method combining electrochemical modeling and transcriptomics could be adapted to better understand electron transport in other electroactive organisms with complex metabolisms.Graphical AbstractGraphical abstract was created with Biorender.com
Metformin improves glycemia independently of skeletal muscle AMPK via enhanced intestinal glucose clearance
Authors: Kjøbsted Rasmus , Kristensen Jonas M. , Birk Jesper B. , Eskesen Nicolas O. , Kido Kohei , Andersen Nicoline R. , Larsen Jeppe K. , Foretz Marc , Viollet Benoit , Nielsen Flemming , Brøsen Kim , Jessen Niels , Hellsten Ylva , Højlund Kurt , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F.P. 
Published: May 2022

SummaryMetformin is an inexpensive oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used worldwide as a first-choice drug for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although current view suggests that metformin exerts its anti-hyperglycemic effect by lowering hepatic glucose production, it has been proposed that metformin also reduce hyperglycemia by increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Herein, we demonstrate in lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) male and female mouse models that the anti-hyperglycemic effect of metformin occurs independently of muscle AMPK, and instead relies on elevated intestinal glucose clearance. Furthermore, we report that the AMPK activity is elevated in skeletal muscle from patients with T2DM following chronic metformin treatment, but this is not associated with enhanced peripheral insulin sensitivity. These results argue against existing paradigms and emphasize the non-essential role of muscle AMPK but important role of the intestine for the anti-hyperglycemic effect of metformin.
Assessing risk for butterflies in the context of climate change, demographic uncertainty, and heterogenous data sources
Authors: Forister Matthew L. , Grames Eliza M. , Halsch Christopher A. , Burls Kevin J. , Carroll Cas F. , Bell Katherine L. , Jahner Joshua P. , Bradford Taylor , Zhang Jing , Cong Qian , Grishin Nick V. , Glassberg Jeffrey , Shapiro Arthur M. , Riecke Thomas V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOngoing declines in insect populations have led to substantial concern and calls for conservation action. However, even for relatively well-studied groups, like butterflies, information relevant to species-specific status and risk is scattered across field guides, the scientific literature, and agency reports. Consequently, attention and resources have been spent on a miniscule fraction of insect diversity, including a few well-studied butterflies. Here we bring together heterogenous sources of information for 396 butterfly species to provide the first regional assessment of butterflies for the 11 western US states. For 184 species, we use monitoring data to characterize historical and projected trends in population abundance. For another 212 species (for which monitoring data are not available, but other types of information can be collected), we use exposure to climate change, development, geographic range, number of host plants, and other factors to rank species for conservation concern. A phylogenetic signal is apparent, with concentrations of declining and at-risk species in the families Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae. A geographic bias exists in that many species that lack monitoring data occur in more southern states where we expect that impacts of warming and drying trends will be most severe. Legal protection is rare among the taxa with the highest risk values: of the top 100 species, one is listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act and one is a candidate for listing. Among the many taxa not currently protected, we highlight a short list of species in decline, includingVanessa annabella,Thorybes mexicanus,Euchloe ausonides, andPholisora catullus. Notably, many of these species have broad geographic ranges, which perhaps highlights a new era of insect conservation in which small or fragmented ranges will not be the only red flags that attract conservation attention.
Diversity, abundance, and host specificity of the human skin associated circular and single stranded DNA virome
Authors: Graham Ema H. , Adamowicz Michael S. , Angeletti Peter C. , Clarke Jennifer L. , Fernando Samodha C. , Herr Joshua R. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe human skin is our point of contact with the microbial world, yet little is known about the diversity of the skin virome. Studies of the human skin virome have focused on bacteriophage and double-stranded DNA viral genomes, however, there have been few efforts to characterize circular single-stranded DNA viruses that populate human skin. Here, we evaluate the diversity of the circular single-stranded DNA virome collected across three anatomical skin locations from 60 human individuals with five time-point collections spanning six-months. Our analyses resulted in the identification of 272 novel and unique Rep-encoded single-stranded DNA viruses associated with human skin. Sequence similarity networks and maximum likelihood estimations of the Rep and Capsid protein amino acid sequences from our sequencing and public database references, reveal family level stability of the Cressdnaviricota across the study participants and a larger host-range than previously thought for these putative multi-host pathogens.
Site-specific validation and quantification of RNA 2′-O-methylation by qPCR with RNase H
Authors: Wu Yifan , Tang Yao , Li Yong , Gu Xiangwen , Wang Qiang , Chen Qihan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTRNA 2′-O-methylation, one of the most abundant modifications on RNAs, is crucial for diverse intracellular biological processes. In the past several years, several high-throughput screening methods have been developed, resulting in the identification of thousands of new 2′-O-methylation (Nm) sites. However, due to the high variability in these high-throughput methods, accurate and rapid low-throughput validation assays are needed to confirm and quantify the 2′-O-methylation status of screened candidate sites. Although several low-throughput Nm site detection methods have been reported, precise location and quantitative assays are still challenging to achieve. Based on the characteristic that RNase H would be inhibited by Nm modification, we developed Nm-VAQ (site-specific 2′-O-methylation (Nm) Validation and Absolute Quantification resolution). In this study, with multiple tests of reagents and conditions, Nm-VAQ was established with a chimera probe of RNA/DNA, RNase H site-specific cleavage, and qRT-PCR, which demonstrated precise absolute quantification of modification ratios and methylation copy numbers. With the help of Nm-VAQ, the 2′-O-methylation status of 5 sites in rRNA was evaluated.
Identification and Quantification of Within-Burst Dynamics in Singly-Labeled Single-Molecule Fluorescence Lifetime Experiments
Authors: Harris Paul David , Lerner Eitan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSingle-molecule spectroscopy has revolutionized molecular biophysics and provided means to probe how structural moieties within biomolecules spatially reorganize at different timescales. There are several single-molecule methodologies that probe local structural dynamics in the vicinity of a single dye-labeled residue, which rely on fluorescence lifetimes as readout. Nevertheless, an analytical framework to quantify dynamics in such single-molecule single-dye fluorescence bursts, at timescales of microseconds to milliseconds, has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we suggest an analytical framework for identifying and quantifying within-burst lifetime-based dynamics, such as conformational dynamics recorded in single-molecule photo-isomerization related fluorescence enhancement. After testing the capabilities of the analysis on simulations, we proceed to exhibit within-burst millisecond local structural dynamics in the unbound α-synuclein monomer. The analytical framework provided in this work paves the way for extracting a full picture of the energy landscape for the coordinate probed by fluorescence-lifetime based single-molecule measurements.
Effect of biomaterial stiffness on cardiac mechanics in a biventricular infarcted rat heart model with microstructural representation ofin situintramyocardial injectate
Authors: Motchon YD , Sack KL , Sirry MS , Kruger M , Pauwels E , Van Loo D , De Muynck A , Van Hoorebeke L , Davies NH , Franz T 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntramyocardial delivery of biomaterials is a promising concept for treating myocardial infarction. The delivered biomaterial provides mechanical support and attenuates wall thinning and elevated wall stress in the infarct region. This study aimed at developing a biventricular finite element model of an infarcted rat heart with a microstructural representation of anin situbiomaterial injectate, and a parametric investigation of the effect of the injectate stiffness on the cardiac mechanics.A three-dimensional subject-specific biventricular finite element model of a rat heart with left ventricular infarct and microstructurally dispersed biomaterial delivered one week after infarct induction was developed fromex vivomicrocomputed tomography data. The volumetric mesh density varied between 303 mm-3in the myocardium and 3,852 mm-3in the injectate region due to the microstructural intramyocardial dispersion. Parametric simulations were conducted with the injectate’s elastic modulus varying from 4.1 to 405,900 kPa, and myocardial and injectate strains were recorded.With increasing injectate stiffness, the end-diastolic median myocardial fibre and cross-fibre strain decreased in magnitude from 3.6% to 1.1% and from −6.0% to −2.9%, respectively. At end-systole, the myocardial fibre and cross-fibre strain decreased in magnitude from −20.4% to −11.8% and from 6.5% to 4.6%, respectively. In the injectate, the maximum and minimum principal strains decreased in magnitude from 5.4% to 0.001% and from −5.4% to −0.001%, respectively, at end-diastole and from 38.5% to 0.06% and from −39.0% to −0.06%, respectively, at end-systole.With the microstructural injectate geometry, the developed subject-specific cardiac finite element model offers potential for extension to cellular injectates andin silicostudies of mechanotransduction and therapeutic signalling in the infarcted heart with an infarct animal model extensively used in preclinical research.
Anti-proliferative effect of potential LSD1/CoREST inhibitors based on molecular dynamics model for treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cancer cell line
Authors: Zalloum Hiba , Zalloum Waleed , Hameduh Tareq , ALSalamat Husam , Zihlif Malek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLysine-specific demethylase is a demethylase enzyme that can remove methyl groups from histones H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2. It is expressed in many cancers, where it impedes differentiation and contributes to cancer cell proliferation, cell metastasis and is associated with inferior prognosis. LSD1 is associated with its corepressor protein CoREST, and utilizes tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor to accept CH2 from the demethylation process. The fact that the cofactor is best bound to the active site inspired us to explore its interactions to LSD1/CoREST enzyme complex utilizing molecular dynamics simulation, which aids designing novel and potent inhibitors. We have implemented a previously derived model from the MD simulation study and the key contacts to the active site in a subsequent structure based drug design and in-silico screening. In silico mining on National Cancer Institute (NCI) database identified 55 promising and structurally diverse inhibitors toward LSD1/CoREST complex. The anti-proliferative activities of the identified compounds were tested against neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cancer cell line which known to highly express LSD1/CoREST complex. Applying the abovementioned molecular modeling procedure yielded Four compounds of LSD1/CoREST inhibiters with IC50 <2µM. The four lead compounds were tested against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line that known to express high level of LSD1 and illustrated a potent activity with an IC50 ranging from 0.195 to 1.52µM. To estimate the toxicity of the selective leads, they were tested against normal fibroblast cells and scored a relatively high IC50 ranging from 0.303 to ≥100µM. These compounds are excellent candidates treating cancers that overexpress the LSD1 enzyme.
Midfrontal theta is associated with errors, but no evidence for a link with error-related memory
Authors: Zheng Xiaochen Y. , Wynn Syanah C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMidfrontal theta is widely observed in situations with increased demand for cognitive control, such as monitoring response errors. It also plays an important role in the cognitive control involved in memory, supporting processes like the binding of single items into a memory representation or encoding contextual information. In the current study, we explored the link between midfrontal theta and error-related memory. To this end, we recorded EEG from 31 participants while they performed a modified Flanker task. Their memory for the errors made during the task was assessed after each experimental block, and its relationship with error-related midfrontal theta effects was investigated. We have replicated the error-related increase in midfrontal theta power, reported in previous literature. However, this error-related theta effect could not predict subsequent memory of the committed errors. Our findings add to a growing literature on the prefrontal cortex-guided control process in error monitoring and episodic memory.
Artificially stimulating retrotransposon activity increases mortality and accelerates a subset of aging phenotypes inDrosophila
Authors: Rigal Joyce , Anduaga Ane Martin , Bitman Elena , Rivellese Emma , Kadener Sebastian , Marr Michael T. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTTransposable elements (TE) are mobile sequences of DNA that can become transcriptionally active as an animal ages. Whether TE activity is simply a byproduct of heterochromatin breakdown or can contribute towards the aging process is not known. Here we place the TEgypsyunder the control of the UAS GAL4 system to model TE activation during aging. We find that increased TE activity shortens the lifespan of maleD. melanogaster.The effect is only apparent in middle aged animals. The increase in mortality is not seen in young animals. An intact reverse transcriptase is necessary for the decrease in lifespan implicating a DNA mediated process in the effect. The decline in lifespan in the activegypsyflies is accompanied by the acceleration of a subset of aging phenotypes. TE activity increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and promotes a decline in circadian rhythmicity. The overexpression of the Forkhead-box O family (FOXO) stress response transcription factor can partially rescue the detrimental effects of increased TE activity on lifespan. Our results provide evidence that active TEs can behave as effectors in the aging process and suggest a potential novel role for dFOXO in its promotion of longevity inD. melanogaster.
Optogenetic Protein Cleavage in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Brown Wes , Albright Savannah , Tsang Michael , Deiters Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA wide array of optogenetic tools is available that allow for precise spatiotemporal control over many cellular processes. These tools have been especially popular among zebrafish researchers who take advantage of the embryo’s transparency. However, photocleavable optogenetic proteins have not been utilized in zebrafish. We demonstrate successful optical control of protein cleavage in embryos using PhoCl, a photocleavable fluorescent protein. This optogenetic tool offers temporal and spatial control over protein cleavage events, which we demonstrate in light-triggered protein translocation and apoptosis.
Rice GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE5 promotes Callose deposition in Anthers to maintain proper Male Meiosis Initiation and Progression
Authors: Somashekar Harsha , Mimura Manaki , Tsuda Katsutoshi , Nonomura Ken-Ichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCallose is a plant cell-wall polysaccharide whose deposition is spatiotemporally regulated in various developmental processes and environmental stress responses. Appearance of callose in premeiotic anthers is a prominent histological hallmark for the onset of meiosis in flowering plants, whose biological role in meiosis is unknown till date. Here we show that rice GLUCAN SYNTHASE LIKE5 (OsGSL5), a callose synthase, localizes on the plasma membrane of pollen mother cells (PMCs), and is responsible for biogenesis of callose in anther locules through premeiotic and meiotic stages. In osgsl5 mutant anthers mostly lacking callose deposition, aberrant PMCs accompanied by aggregated, unpaired or multivalent chromosomes were frequently observed, and furthermore, a considerable number of mutant PMCs untimely progress into meiosis compared to wild type PMCs. Immunostaining of meiosis-specific protein PAIR2 in premeiotic PMCs revealed precocious meiosis entry in osgsl5 anthers. The findings of this study bestows new knowledge on function of callose in controlling timing of male meiosis initiation and progression, in addition to roles in microsporogenesis, in flowering plants.
The effect of carrier system materials used in an Olympic swimming pool on the perceptual evaluations of respondents
Authors: Yılmaz Hakan , Yıldırım Kemal , Hidayetoglu Mehmet Lutfi 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to determine the effects of three different carrier system materials (laminated wooden beams, post-tensioned concrete beams and steel beams) used widely in interior spaces on the perceptual evaluations of respondents.

Design/methodology/approach
The large opening Olympic swimming pool space was chosen as the research environment. A total of 376 university graduates participated. After experiencing the 360-degree virtual images of the experimental spaces, a “spatial perception” questionnaire was applied to these respondents.

Findings
The spaces using the laminated wood beams in the carrier system were perceived as warmer, lighter, more attractive, more spacious, more informal, closer, more well-planned, freer, simpler, more peaceful, more exciting, and uncrowded compared to the spaces that used post-tensioned concrete beams and steel beams. The architect respondents made more negative perceptual evaluations for all the adjective pairs compared to the respondents in the other professional groups. Respondents who were males, and in the 26–35 years of age group, perceived more positively the physical environmental factors of the virtual swimming pools compared to females, and the 36 years of age or above age group.

Originality/value
The results set forth that the structural elements of buildings, such as ceilings, walls and furnishings, were not only systematic elements used in the formation of the structure, they were also important environmental factors in the perceptual evaluation of the space.
In-game advertising and brand purchase intentions: an SOR perspective
Authors: Anubha  , Jain Ajay 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effects of in-game advertisement congruity, interactivity and intrusiveness on gamers’ attitude towards advertising and purchase intention towards advertised brands based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a structured online questionnaire to collect the data from 311 gamers aged between 18 and 35 years. This study examines mediation using bootstrapping.

Findings
This study authenticates the appropriateness of the SOR model in predicting the advertised brand purchase intentions. The results of this study indicated that attitude has a significant mediating role in the relationship of advertisement congruity, interactivity and intrusiveness with advertised brand purchase intentions. The results further revealed that this mediation was partial for all three relationships.

Practical implications
The outcomes of the study are expected to benefit researchers and scholars to identify future research directions and thereby extend current know-how on gamification in general and in-game advertising in particular. The study findings will hold significance for marketers, advertisers and media planners too. By bringing out specific allied issues connected with in-game advertising, this study will help these stakeholders to plan their marketing campaigns in an efficient manner leading to higher traction and return on investment.

Originality/value
This study provides a new perspective to comprehend the purchase intention of gamers for brands advertised in online games through mediation by applying the underpinnings of the SOR model.
Happy at home, successful in competition: the beneficial role of happiness and entrepreneurial orientation for women entrepreneurs
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Kaciak Eugene , Thongpapanl Narongsak 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between women entrepreneurs' experience of family-induced work happiness and the competitive performance of their companies, as well as the invigorating role of their perceptions of environmental hostility in this process.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected among a nationwide sample of women entrepreneurs in Denmark.FindingsThe spillover of positive emotions from family to work can spur competitive performance if women entrepreneurs adopt an entrepreneurial strategic posture. This intermediate role of entrepreneurial orientation is particularly prominent among women entrepreneurs who experience their market environments as highly threatening to their success.Practical implicationsFor practitioners, this study identifies a key mechanism, an entrepreneurial strategic direction, by which positive work energy stemming from family involvement can enhance women entrepreneurs' business success. The study also shows how this mechanism is triggered by resource-draining competitive markets that appear hostile instead of benign.Originality/valueThe adoption of an entrepreneurial posture is an unexplored but critical factor through which women entrepreneurs' sense of happiness at work, caused by their family involvement, can be leveraged into enhanced success at the organizational level. This study also explicates how this beneficial role is invigorated by beliefs about environmental hostility, as a critical external source of resource depletion.