bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a needle‐free system versus traditional anesthesia on pain perception during palatal injections in children
Authors: Kaya Emine , Yıldırım Sinem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeedle‐free injection systems can contribute to the prevention of needle‐related pain during palatal infiltration anesthesia (PIA) in children. Research on this topic in children is required.AimThe purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness and patient preference of a needle‐free system versus traditional anesthesia (TA) on pain perception during PIA in children.DesignThe study was designed as a randomized, controlled crossover clinical study with 48 children aged 6–12 years requiring dental treatment with PIA in bilateral maxillary primary molars. TA was applied on one side and the Comfort‐in™ injection system (CIS) on the other side in two separate sessions. Then, patient preference was recorded. The pain perception during PIA was evaluated using the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (PRS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale. The data were analyzed for statistical significance (p < .05).ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the TA and the CIS according to the PRS and FLACC Scale scores. On both scales, significantly higher pain ratings were observed in the TA group during PIA (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of patient preference (p < .001). Although 77.1% (n = 37) of the children preferred the CIS, 22.9% (n = 11) preferred the TA. Moreover, patient preference for the CIS was significantly higher in older children (p < .01).ConclusionsThe application of a needle‐free system during PIA ensured a decrease in pain perception in children.
Labour migration policy post‐Brexit: The contested meaning of regulation by old and new actors
Authors: Alberti Gabriella , Cutter Jo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe end of free movement of labour from the European Union represents an unprecedented form of re‐regulation of the UK labour market. This study explores how old and new actors engage with the sphere of migration, arguing that not only their economic interests but also different political agendas and meanings of regulation shape dialogue on migration regulation post‐Brexit. Our findings suggest moving away from a unilateral, positive view of regulation in work and employment as well as to overcome any artificial distinction between the economic and the social implications of international migration.
Effect of LaB6 addition on compressive creep behavior with simultaneous oxide scale growth of spark plasma sintered ZrB2‐SiC composites
Authors: Kashyap Sunil Kumar , Mitra Rahul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA study has been carried out to examine the effect of LaB6 addition on the compressive creep behavior of ZrB2‐SiC composites at 1300–1400°C under stresses between 47 and 78 MPa in laboratory air. The ZrB2‐20 vol% SiC composites containing LaB6 (10% in ZSBCL‐10 and 14% in ZSBCL‐14) besides 5.6% B4C and 4.8% C as additives were prepared by spark plasma sintering at 1600°C. Due to cleaner interfaces and superior oxidation resistance, the ZSBCL‐14 composite has exhibited a lower steady‐state creep rate at 1300°C than the ZSBCL‐10. The obtained stress exponent (n ∼ 2 ± 0.1) along with cracking at ZrB2 grain boundaries and ZrB2‐SiC interfaces are considered evidence of grain boundary sliding during creep of the ZSBCL‐10 composite. However, the values of n ∼ 1 and apparent activation energy ∼700 kJ/mol obtained for the ZSBCL‐14 composite at 1300–1400°C suggest that ZrB2 grain boundary diffusion is the rate‐limiting mechanism of creep. The thickness of the damaged outer layer containing cracks scales with temperature and applied stress, indicating their role in facilitating the ingress of oxygen causing oxide scale growth. Decreasing oxidation‐induced defect density with depth to a limit of ∼280 μm, indicates the predominance of creep‐based deformation and damage at the inner core of samples.
The role of community‐level characteristics in comparing United States hospital performance by magnet designation: A propensity score matched study
Authors: Menser Terri , Hamadi Hanadi Y. , Boamah Sheila A. , Dorsey Katherine , Zhao Mei , Spaulding Aaron 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of community‐level characteristics on the role of magnet designation in relation to hospital value‐based purchasing quality scores, as health disparities associated with geographical location could confound hospitals' ability to meet outcome metrics.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was carried out between October 2021 and March 2022 using data from 2016 to 2021.MethodsPropensity score analysis was used to match hospital and community‐level characteristics, implementing nearest neighbour matching to adjust for pre‐treatment differences between magnet and non‐magnet hospitals to account for multi‐level differences. Secondary data were obtained from all operational acute‐care facilities in the United States that participated in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' hospital value‐based purchasing (HVBP) program. Dependent variables were the four value‐based purchasing domains that comprise the Total Performance Score (TPS; Clinical Care, Person and Community Engagement, Safety, and Efficiency and Cost Reduction).ResultsMagnet hospitals had increased odds for better scores in the HVBP domains of Clinical Care and Person and Community Engagement, and decreased odds for having better Safety. However, no statistically significant difference was found for the Efficiency domain or the TPS.ConclusionMeasuring performance equitably across organizations of various sizes serving diverse communities remains a key factor in ensuring distributive justice. Analysing the TPS components can identify complex influences of community‐level characteristics not evident at the composite level. More research is needed where community and nurse‐level factors may indirectly affect patient safety.ImpactThis study's findings on the role of community contexts can inform policymakers designing value‐based care programs and healthcare management administrators deliberating on magnet certification investments across diverse community settings.No patient or public contributionFor this study of US hospitals' organizational performance, we did not engage members of the patient population nor the general public. However, the multi‐disciplinary research team does include diverse perspectives.
Gaps in the management of diabetes in Asia: A need for improved awareness and strategies in men's sexual health
Authors: Kang Waye‐Hann , Mohamad Sithik Muhammad Navid , Khoo Jun‐Kit , Ooi Ying‐Guat , Lim Quan‐Hziung , Lim Lee‐Ling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSexual dysfunction, which is defined as ‘difficulty during any stage of the sexual encounter that prevents or impairs the individual or couple from enjoying sexual activity’, is globally prevalent in males with prediabetes and diabetes. It is an early harbinger of cardiovascular diseases and has a profound impact on one's physical, mental, and social health. Among patients with either prediabetes or diabetes, the most common male sexual dysfunctions are hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, and premature ejaculation. In Asia, although sexual health is an important factor of men's health, it is rarely discussed freely in real‐life practice. Addressing sexual health in Asian males has always been challenging with multiple barriers at the levels of patients and health care providers. Therefore, the assessment and management of sexual dysfunction in routine clinical practice should involve a holistic approach with effective patient–provider communication. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and the management of hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, and premature ejaculation among males with either prediabetes or diabetes (type 1 and type 2), as well as the evidence gaps across Asia.
Characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kawamori Dan , Kageyama Yoko , Tanaka Takayuki , Ishizaka Yuko , Hosoe Shigero , Katakami Naoto , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionIn addition to absolute insulin deficiency, dysregulated glucagon in type 1 diabetes is considered pathophysiologically important. Previously, we confirmed the presence of dysregulated glucagon in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, and found a significant correlation between plasma glucagon and blood urea nitrogen levels, suggesting an association between glucagon and amino acid metabolism. In this study, we evaluated plasma amino acid levels in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes in the context of their functional relationship with glucagon.Materials and MethodsWe assessed plasma free amino acid levels using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in 77 Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, and statistically analyzed their characteristics and relationships with clinical parameters, including glucagon.ResultsParticipants with type 1 diabetes showed a large decrease in glutamate levels together with a characteristic change in plasma free amino acid profiles. The network structural prediction analyses showed correlations between each amino acid and glucagon in type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsParticipants with type 1 diabetes showed characteristic changes in plasma glutamate levels and free amino acid profiles compared with controls and type 2 diabetes patients. Glucagon showed a closer correlation with amino acids than with parameters of glucose metabolism, suggesting that type 1 diabetes includes dysregulation in amino acids through dysregulated glucagon from remaining pancreatic α‐cells, together with that in glucose by insulin deficiency.
Guideline for the treatment of no light perception eyes induced by mechanical ocular trauma
Authors: Yan Hua , Yang Kehu , Ma Zhizhong , Kuhn Ferenc , Zhang Wenfang , Wang ZhiJun , Hu Yuntao , Lu Hai , Shigeo Yoshida , Sobaci Gungor , Ozdek Sengul , Forlini Matteo , Huang Bo , Hui Yannian , Zhang Ming , Xu Gezhi , Wei Wenbin , Jiang Yanrong , Park DongHo , Fernandes RodrigoAntonio Brant , He Yuguang , Rousselot Andres , Hoskin Annette , Sundar Gangadhara , Liu Yong , Wang Yusheng , Shen Lijun , Chen Haoyu , Chen Huijin , Han Gezhi , Jiang Rui , Jin Xuemin , Lin Jijian , Luo Jing , Wang Zhaoyang , Wei Yong , Wen Ying , Xie Zhenggao , Wang Yi , Yang Xun , Yu Wenzhen , Zheng Zhi , Sun Xiaodong , Liang Jianhong , Liu Qin , Yu Jinguo , Wei Shihui , Li Zhengxiang , Chen Lu , Wang Xiufen , Wei Lili , Zhang Haokun , Chen Siyue , Liu Yuming , Guo Xu , Liu Siyuan , Xu Xinhua , Tao Yibo , Chen Yixuan , Chen Yaolong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSevere mechanical ocular trauma with no light perception (NLP) predicts a poor prognosis of visual acuity and enucleation of the eyeball. Since the innovative treatment concept of exploratory vitreoretinal surgery has developed and treatment technology has advanced, the outcomes of severe ocular trauma treatment in NLP patients have greatly improved. However, there remains a lack of unified standards for the determination, surgical indication, and timing of vitrectomy in NLP eye treatment. To address these problems, we aimed to create evidence‐based medical guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mechanical ocular trauma with NLP. Sixteen relevant recommendations for mechanical ocular trauma with NLP were obtained, and a consensus was reached. Each recommendation was explained in detail to guide the treatment of mechanical ocular trauma associated with NLP.
New observations of the endangered giant freshwater whipray, Urogymnus polylepis, provide further evidence for its distribution and breeding in the north‐east coast of India
Authors: Sen Swatipriyanka , Thomas Sujitha , Joe Kizhakudan Shoba , Dash Gyanaranjan , Pradhan Rajesh Kumar , Ghosh Shubhadeep , Das Madhumita , Dash Biswajit , Zacharia Pariyappanal Ulahannan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study reports observations of 13 giant freshwater whipray (Urogymnus polylepis) from commercial fish landings along the north‐east coast of India and updates existing records based on field observations and local social media reports. The disc width of the landed specimens ranged from 120 to 223 cm and they weighed 95–300 kg. All 13 specimens observed were mature (nine females and four males) and three females were pregnant, with embryo numbers ranging between 4 and 15. Globally, U. polylepis is listed as ‘Endangered’, and greater protection measures are needed in India to assist in reversing current population declines.
Functional utilization of mango waste for improving the nutritional and sensorial properties of multigrain cookies
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Saleem Ayesha , Rakha Allah , Nadeem Muhammad , Ateeq Huda , Saeed Farhan , Asghar Aasma , Shah Yasir Abbas , Afzaal Muhammad , Javed Ahsan , Tufail Tabussam , Qamar Aiza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPresent study was conducted to investigate the functional properties of multigrain cookies with the addition of mango waste as a source of bioactive compounds. Purposely, fortified cookies were prepared using mango peel and kernel powder in 2%, 4%, and 6% ratio in simple wheat flour along with 10% oat and 10% barley flour. The prepared cookies were analyzed for proximate, antioxidant, physical, and sensory characteristics. The results revealed that mango peel powder had high content of antioxidant and crude fiber, whereas mango kernel powder had a high content of moisture (6.62 ± 0.15%), ash (2.17 ± 0.13%), protein (8.17 ± 0.05%), and fat (1.67 ± 0.02%) as compared with mango peel powder. However, 4% mango peel and 2% mango kernel powder did not impact the texture or color of the cookies while substituting up to 6% resulted in color differences that were disliked. In cookies, phenolic and flavonoid content increased due to addition of mango peel and mango kernel that boosted their antioxidant activity. The sensory evaluation revealed that substituting up to 4% mango peel and 2% mango kernel powder resulted in cookies with acceptable mango taste and flavor; however, cookies prepared with the addition of 2% peel powder and 2% kernel powder resulted in highest sensory score and showed better results for physicochemical as well as antioxidant analysis. It is concluded that 2% mango peel and kernel were found to play a vital impact in improving the nutritional characteristics of fortified cookies.Practical applicationsIt is observed that the waste from fruit and vegetables is a rich source of biologically active compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, having strong antioxidant potential. Current study is conducted to not only validate the nutritional characterization and sensory evaluation of multigrain mango peel and kernel cookies but also enhance significance of fruit waste by its utilizing in different food products especially in baked products.
Single and combined use of isomalt, polydextrose, and inulin as sugar substitutes in production of pectin jelly
Authors: Ünal Meltem H. , Arslan Derya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, 60% of the total sugar (sucrose and corn syrup) in pectin jellies was substituted by using single or various combinations of the bulking agents: isomalt, polydextrose, and inulin. Substitution with isomalt resulted in lower hardness and flexibility and lower moisture content; it ended up with an opaque and rough appearance on the outer surface, thus causing lower sensory acceptability and shorter storage stability than conventional product. Substitution of sugars with inulin was found to be successful in terms of lowering water activity, improving sensory characteristics, and supporting the prebiotic activity (B. clausii). Polydextrose was also successful, while bringing with the handicap of a softness perception in the jelly due to high hygroscopicity. Besides, it was the most effective bulking agent for growth of both the beneficial probiotic bacteria tested (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus clausii). The highest colony counts of L. acidophilus was found in Inulin+Polydextrose jelly (220 × 104 CFU/g); however, this synergistic effect of inulin and polydextrose was not observed for B. clausii. Substitution of sugars with only inulin gave the best results for taste, at the same time scored high for color and appearance. In relation to this, 90% of panelists preferred the inulin jelly as “I would definitely buy.” The lowest energy values were achieved in jellies developed by the addition of polydextrose, inulin+polydextrose, and isomalt+polydextrose with 43.1% 39.9%, and 38.8% reductions in calorie, respectively, compared with the conventional product. The results demonstrated many aspects of the successful use of polydextrose and inulin alone or in combination as sugar substitutes in the production of pectin jelly.Practical applicationsThe awareness for the consumption of functional foods, which contain ingredients that provide additional health benefits beyond the basic nutritional requirements, is in increasing demand. In order to meet this demand of consumers, nutritious, functional, and alternative foods have started to take their place in the market. Confectionery products have an important place among these food groups. As a market that has consumers from all age groups apart from basic nutritional needs, the confectionery sector has a diverse product group and large consumer base in the world. Prebiotics are included in confectionery products in order to give mouthfeel, texture, functional attributes, and some act as bulking agent. We investigated the combined use of prebiotics such as polydextrose, inulin, and isomalt as bulking agents in soft pectin jellies, and significant improvement was achieved in terms of low‐energy product development. The low‐energy soft‐type pectin jellies were characterized, and the samples using prebiotics showed various advantages in terms of physical properties.
Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from Nile tilapia scale in Lake Chamo, Arba Minch and their application in clarification of apple juice
Authors: Lare Tadewos , Hirpaye Belete Yilma , Eeranna Ballekallu Chinna , Srinivasan Babuskin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFish and seafood processing industries generate large quantities of waste, which are at the origin of several environmental, economic and social problems. However, fish waste contains high value‐added substances such as collagen, gelatin, chitin and chitosan. In Ethiopia, Arba Minch is one of the leading areas of fish production zone, and hence, everyday lot of fish waste has been generated due to this. This work has focused on the extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from fish wastes (Nile tilapia). The chitin and chitosan extracted were characterized by analyzing parameters such as percentage yield, moisture and ash content, solubility, degree of deacetylation, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity, intrinsic viscosity and Molecular weight (Mw). The results obtained from this study show that the yield of chitin and chitosan was 29.88 ± 0.01% and 15.87 ± 0.14%, respectively. The moisture and ash content, DD, solubility, FBC, WBC, intrinsic viscosity and Mw of the extracted chitosan were found to be 6.79 ± 0.40%, 1.22 ± 0.16%, 85.25 ± 0.28%, 94.3 ± 0.99%, 391.17 ± 0.13%, 461.34 ± 0.42%, 6.832 ± 0.0101 and 3514.730 ± 1.1 g/mol, respectively. The chitosan was then employed for apple juice clarification and the reduction in total soluble solids value from (12.67 to 9.20), titratable acidity (2.38 to 1.61) and turbidity (320.2 to 86.6) after treatments have confirmed their effectiveness on apple juice clarification. The reduction in titratable acidity has been supported by increase in pH value (3.19 to 4.29). The sensory evaluation of control juice and chitosan‐added juice samples was performed, and it has been observed that chitosan concentration of up to 0.25 g/L was well accepted by the consumers.Novelty impact statement

The current study is the first kind of attempt to analyze the different physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan obtained from Nile tilapia fish scale wastes, from Lake Chamo, Arba Minch.

It also throws light on how fish scale wastes can be converted into useful products like chitin and chitosan.

The application of extracted chitosan in apple juice clarification has been successfully demonstrated in the study.
Impact of germination on the proximate composition, functional properties, and structural characteristics of black soybean (Glycine max L. Merr)
Authors: Mitharwal Swati , Chauhan Komal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of germination on the quality of black soybean flour (BSF). The black soybeans were germinated for different time period (24, 48, and 72 h), and the impact on proximate composition, functional, structural, and antioxidant properties of the obtained flour was evaluated. Germination process resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in protein (39.46 ± 0.08–43.30 ± 0.05 g/100 g), crude fiber (7.55 ± 0.15–10.31 ± 0.16 g/100 g), and ash (5.95 ± 0.04–6.28 ± 0.01 g/100 g) content as compared with raw black soybean flour (RBSF). Further, significant variation in color attributes, functional properties, and pasting characteristics of raw and germinated black soybean flour (GBSF) was observed. Significant increase in total phenolic content (6.76 ± 0.05 to 9.30 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (2.45 ± 0.04 to 4.32 ± 0.02 mg QE/g), and DPPH radical scavenging activity (41.31%–60.20%) was observed post germination (24–72 h). Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) showed that germination resulted in microstructural changes in starch and protein matrix owing to activation of hydrolytic enzymes. Further, X‐ray diffraction patterns elucidate significant reduction in crystallinity of GBSF (42.54%–44.48% for 24–72 h) in comparison to RBSF (45.75%).
A comparative study on the emulsifying and foaming aspects of Gleditsia caspica galactomannan (as a new source of hydrocolloid), fenugreek galactomannan, and xanthan gum mixtures
Authors: Niknam Rasoul , Mousavi Mohammad , Kiani Hossein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmulsifying and foaming aspects of samples containing three hydrocolloids (Gleditsia caspica (GG) galactomannan, xanthan gum (XG), and fenugreek galactomannan (FG)) were comprehensively investigated. By elevating the concentration of biopolymers, the values of emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability, zeta potential, and foaming stability were significantly raised. Contrarily, the values of foaming capacity, z‐average, and PDI were reduced. Among the utilized hydrocolloids, the samples containing FG especially when blended with XG had higher emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability values in comparison with other samples. Also, samples containing XG had higher foaming capacity and those containing FG had higher foaming stability values compared with other samples. The samples containing FG had higher zeta potential and lower z‐average and PDI values compared with other samples. Due to the obtained results, Gleditsia galactomannan could be considered as stabilizing agent in food formulations.Novelty impact statementIntroducing new sources of hydrocolloids (in current research, galactomannan obtained from Gleditsia caspica seed) with appropriate emulsifying and foaming properties is known as vital issue for researchers in food industry. Also, using mixture of hydrocolloids especially when G. caspica galactomannan was used in formulation of emulsions resulted in improved emulsifying and foaming aspects particularly emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability, and foaming stability.