bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of once‐weekly semaglutide in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes by baseline age and body mass index
Authors: Yabe Daisuke , Yamada Yuichiro , Kaku Kohei , Nishida Tomoyuki , Sato Toshihiro , Seino Yutaka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionMany East Asians with type 2 diabetes are elderly and have a low body mass index (BMI), especially in 'super‐aged' populations, such as Japan. This post‐hoc analysis assessed once‐weekly semaglutide efficacy and safety in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes across baseline age and BMI subgroups.Materials and MethodsData were derived from the Semaglutide Unabated Sustainability in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN) Japan monotherapy and SUSTAIN Japan oral antidiabetes drug (OAD) combination trials comparing once‐weekly semaglutide with sitagliptin or OADs, respectively. Participants were grouped by baseline age (<65 and ≥65 years) and/or BMI (<25 and ≥25 kg/m2). Reductions from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin and bodyweight (efficacy), and adverse events (safety) were assessed.ResultsIn this analysis, participants from the SUSTAIN Japan monotherapy trial (n = 308; n per subgroup; range, 8–73) and SUSTAIN Japan OAD combination trial (n = 601; n per subgroup; range, 20–168) were included. Reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin and bodyweight were numerically greater with semaglutide versus comparators across all age and BMI subgroups. Reductions from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin ranged from –1.7 to –2.1 with semaglutide 0.5 mg, –1.8 to –2.4 with semaglutide 1.0 mg and –0.6 to –1.0 with comparators. Corresponding ranges for bodyweight (kg) were –1.0 to –2.5, –2.4 to –4.3 and 1.0 to –1.0 kg, respectively. The safety profile of semaglutide was broadly similar across BMI and age subgroups.ConclusionsIn this post‐hoc analysis with modest subgroup numbers, once‐weekly semaglutide appeared consistently more efficacious versus comparators across age and BMI subgroups in Japanese patients, with a similar safety profile.
The use of lasers in vitiligo, an overview
Authors: Post N.F. , Ezekwe N. , Narayan V.S. , Bekkenk M.W. , Van Geel N. , Hamzavi I. , Passeron T. , Wolkerstorfer A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVarious types of lasers have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of vitiligo. The mode of action of these lasers is just as varied as the purpose of intervention. Many clinicians are not aware of the unique opportunity these lasers offer to improve the outcomes of vitiligo treatment. To date, no clear overview exists of the use of lasers in vitiligo treatment. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the various types of lasers and provide an overview of the evidence for their efficacy. We found good evidence from a systematic review that the excimer laser is effective, induces repigmentation rates comparable to NB‐UVB and has improved outcomes when combined with calcineurin inhibitors. Ablative lasers are commonly used for tissue graft or melanocyte–keratinocyte cell graft transplantation. They provide safe, fast and uniform denudation of the epidermis with propitious repigmentation outcomes. We found conflicting evidence from two systematic reviews regarding the efficacy of fractional ablative lasers for improving outcomes of NB‐UVB therapy, a systematic review including only fractional ablative lasers provided evidence for efficacy. Q‐switched nanosecond lasers have shown to be safe and effective for inducing depigmentation, although recurrence is common, and most studies were small and retrospective. Despite proven efficacy and safety, laser treatments are relatively expensive and suited for limited body surface areas and selected cases. Each type of laser has benefits and risks associated and should, therefore, be individually chosen based on location, extent, activity and type of vitiligo.
Quantitative detection of parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans in seawater with an optimized sample processing method
Authors: Tang Jia‐Jia , Zhong Zhi‐Hong , Li Zhi‐Cheng , Guo Qing‐Kai , Li Shi‐Yu , Guo Yi‐Xuan , Jiang Biao , Li An‐Xing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans is one of the most important ectoparasites of marine fish, causing ‘white spot disease’ and mass mortality in aquaculture. To accurately predict disease outbreaks and develop prevention strategies, improved detection methods are required that are sensitive, convenient and rapid. In this study, a pair of specific primers based on the C. irritans 18S rRNA gene was developed and used in a real‐time PCR (qPCR) assay. This assay was able to detect five theronts in 1 L of natural seawater. Furthermore, a linear model was established to analyse the log of Ct value and parasite abundance in seawater (y = –2.9623x + 24.2930), and the coefficient of determination (R2) value was 0.979. A lysis buffer was optimized for theront DNA extraction and used for storage sample. This method was superior to the commercial water DNA kit, and there was no significant degradation of DNA at room temperature for 24–96 hr. A dilution method was developed to manage qPCR inhibitors and used to investigate natural seawater samples in a net cage farm with diseased fish, and the findings were consistent with the actual situation. This study provides a valuable tool for assisting in the early monitoring and control of cryptocaryoniasis in aquaculture.
Effectiveness of mobile applications for patients with severe mental illness: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kim Sun Kyung , Lee Mihyun , Jeong Hyun , Jang Young Mi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile applications used by patients diagnosed with mental disorders.MethodsAn electronic literature search in five databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsychInfo was conducted. The keywords used were “mental disorder,” “mental illness,” “mobile phone,” “smartphone,” “mHealth,” “application,” and “app”. The search was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) written in English and Korean.ResultsFourteen RCTs, involving 1307 patients diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder were included in the analysis. The included studies were published between 2012 and 2020 and used mobile applications. The risk of bias tool was used to assess methodological quality and the overall risk of bias of the included studies was moderate. The pooled data favored mobile application interventions in reducing the disease‐related symptoms of depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.255, 95% CI: −0.370 to −0.141), mania symptoms (SMD = −0.279, 95% CI: −0.456 to −0.102), and positive (SMD = −0.205, 95% CI: −0.388 to −0.022) and negative psychotic symptoms (SMD = −0.406, 95% CI: −0.791 to −0.020). In subgroup analysis, the incorporation of feedback, notification, and data tracking features in the mobile application intervention produced better outcomes.ConclusionThis review provided evidence that mobile applications could well‐assist patients diagnosed with mental disorders. Greater benefits could be achieved by well‐designed interventions incorporating strategies with thoughtful consideration of the disease characteristics. Mobile applications present the potential to be effective supplements to clinical treatment.
Depressive symptoms and stress among nurses in the COVID unit: A 7‐month cohort study
Authors: Tsubono Kenjiro , Ikeda Chikako 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies have reported high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among frontline nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients. Yet, only a limited number of prospective studies examining nurses' mental health problems have been performed. The present study aimed to examine depressive symptoms and COVID‐19‐related stresses among nurses working specifically in a hospital COVID unit over a 7‐month period.MethodsIn this study, depressive symptoms and COVID‐19‐related stresses of a total of 28 nurses who worked in the COVID unit were assessed using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptom (QIDS) and the Tokyo Metropolitan Distress Scale for Pandemic (TMDP) over the 7‐month period from December 2020 to June 2021.ResultsThe mean QIDS scores in all participants fluctuated during the study period, showing a high correlation with the reported number of new COVID‐19 cases in the region. The mean TMDP scores showed a gradual decline over the period. Scores on the social stress factor of the TMDP demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with the QIDS scores.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the number of new COVID‐19 patients in the region is associated with depressive symptoms among nurses in the hospital COVID unit. Scores on the social stress factor in the TMDP are also correlated with depressive symptoms among nurses.
Aesthetic implications of depressor supercilii muscle block with botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Domínguez‐Duarte Angélica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhen applying botulinum toxin in the upper third of the face, it is important to consider the balance between the elevator and depressor muscles of the eyebrows. Depressor supercilii muscle block leads to elevation of the medial portion of the eyebrow and correction of the oblique lines in the frown.ObjectivesThe intention is to highlight the importance of the depressor supercilii muscle block as a useful tool to reposition the medial portion of the eyebrow.Patients and methodsThree cases are presented, in whom botulinum toxin is applied conventionally and subsequently on the depressor supercilii muscle after the subjective sensation of flattening of the glabella and increasing distance between the eyebrows referred by the patients.ResultsThe application of botulinum toxin type A on the depressor supercilii muscle is an effective measure to facilitate the elevation of the medial portion of the eyebrow, after the conventional application in between the eyebrows treating the orbicularis, corrugator, and procerus muscles.ConclusionsDepressor supercilii muscle block can be considered when applying botulinum toxin type A in the upper third of the face, in cases where there is loss of facial aesthetic harmony. This is given by the subjective perspective of the patient due to a change in the natural expression of their face with a sensation of flattening of the glabella and distancing of the medial portion of the eyebrows, occurring after the use of a conventional technique at that anatomical level, where patients may report a “feline” or “avatar” appearance.
How do people living with chronic conditions and their informal caregivers experience primary care? A phenomenological‐hermeneutical study
Authors: Boeykens Dagje , Sirimsi Muhammed Mustafa , Timmermans Lotte , Hartmann Maja Lopez , Anthierens Sibyl , De Loof Hans , De Vliegher Kristel , Foulon Veerle , Huybrechts Ine , Lahousse Lies , Pype Peter , Schoenmakers Birgitte , Van Bogaert Peter , Van den Broeck Kris , Van Hecke Ann , Verhaeghe Nick , Vermandere Mieke , Verté Emily , Van de Velde Dominique , De Vriendt Patricia ,   the Primary Care Academy
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesGaining insight in how people living with chronic conditions experience primary healthcare within their informal network.BackgroundThe primary healthcare system is challenged by the increasing number of people living with chronic conditions. To strengthen chronic care management, literature and policy plans point to a person‐centred approach of care (PCC). A first step to identify an appropriate strategy to implement PCC is to gain more insight into the care experiences of these people and their informal caregivers.DesignA phenomenological‐hermeneutical philosophy is used. The study is in line with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Guidelines (COREQ).MethodIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with people living with chronic conditions and informal caregiver dyads (PCDs) (n = 16; 32 individuals) were conducted. An open‐ended interview guide was used to elaborate on the PCDs' experiences regarding primary care. A purposive, maximal variation sampling was applied to recruit the participants.ResultsBased on sixteen PCDs' reflections, ten themes were identified presenting their experiences with primary care and described quality care as listening and giving attention to what people with chronic conditions want, to what they strive for, and above all to promote their autonomy in a context wherein they are supported by a team of formal caregivers, family and friends.ConclusionTo meet the PCDs' needs, self‐management should be addressed in an interprofessional environment in which the PCD is an important partner. The findings may facilitate a shift to encourage PCDs in their strengths by enabling them to share their personal goals and by working towards meaningful activities in team collaboration.Relevance to clinical practiceThree strategies—self‐management support, goal‐oriented care, and interprofessional collaboration—have been suggested to improve the PCDs' primary care experiences. These strategies could guide nursing practice in using more and improve high‐quality nursing care.
A case of two ovarian tissue transplantations that led to a biochemical pregnancy in Japan
Authors: Sako Yusuke , Akitani Fumi , Shiota Kyoko , Momoeda Mikio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOvarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) are fertility preservation options for prepubertal girls or those in whom cancer treatment cannot be delayed. They are important to increasing number of cancer survivors, but there are very few reports on this topic in Japan. This is the first report of a biochemical pregnancy after OTT in Japan. An 18‐year‐old woman, diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma of the seventh thoracic vertebra, underwent tumor resection. OTC was performed before postoperative chemotherapy. After 7 years, she decided to undergo OTT following the diagnosis of chemotherapy‐induced premature ovarian insufficiency. On postoperative day 104, ovarian stimulation was started, yielding one embryo after 3 days. Embryo transfer was performed during a hormone replacement cycle. At 6 weeks and 1 day, the human chorionic gonadotropin level was 81.5 mIU/mL; however, no gestational sac was observed on ultrasonography, indicating a biochemical pregnancy. Our data will be useful for the further development of fertility preservation options in Japan in the future.
Reverse Knowledge Flows: How and When Do Preparation and Reintegration Facilitate Repatriate Knowledge Transfer?
Authors: Peltokorpi Vesa , Froese Fabian Jintae , Reiche B. Sebastian , Klar Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper applies a generalized exchange perspective to examine how and when reintegration in headquarters (HQ) facilitates repatriate knowledge transfer (RKT). Specifically, we theorize how the preparatory stage for repatriation – when expatriates are still abroad – enhances reintegration in HQ upon repatriation and subsequently RKT via interpersonal and career‐related pathways. For the former, we hypothesize that communication frequency with HQ actors before re‐entry enhances RKT via reintegration. We also hypothesize that communication frequency with HQ actors before re‐entry improves trust in HQ actors, which, in turn, strengthens the positive effect of reintegration on RKT. For the second pathway, we hypothesize that career and repatriate support before re‐entry increases RKT via reintegration. We also hypothesize that career and repatriate support before re‐entry enhances career satisfaction upon re‐entry, which, in turn, strengthens the positive effect of reintegration on RKT. Time‐lagged data from 129 assignees and their HQ supervisors support most of our hypotheses.
Seed microbiota revealed by a large‐scale meta‐analysis including 50 plant species
Authors: Simonin Marie , Briand Martial , Chesneau Guillaume , Rochefort Aude , Marais Coralie , Sarniguet Alain , Barret Matthieu 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Seed microbiota constitutes a primary inoculum for plants that is gaining attention owing to its role for plant health and productivity.

Here, we performed a meta‐analysis on 63 seed microbiota studies covering 50 plant species to synthesize knowledge on the diversity of this habitat.

Seed microbiota are diverse and extremely variable, with taxa richness varying from one to thousands of taxa. Hence, seed microbiota presents a variable (i.e. flexible) microbial fraction but we also identified a stable (i.e. core) fraction across samples.

Around 30 bacterial and fungal taxa are present in most plant species and in samples from all over the world. Core taxa, such as Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas viridiflava, P. fluorescens, Cladosporium perangustum and Alternaria sp., are dominant seed taxa.

The characterization of the core and flexible seed microbiota provided here will help uncover seed microbiota roles for plant health and design effective microbiome engineering.
Intracellular reactive oxygen species trafficking participates in seed dormancy alleviation in Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: Jurdak Rana , Rodrigues Guilherme de Almeida Garcia , Chaumont Nicole , Schivre Geoffrey , Bourbousse Clara , Barneche Fredy , Bou Dagher Kharrat Magda , Bailly Christophe 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) release seed dormancy through an unknown mechanism. We used different seed dormancy‐breaking treatments to decipher the dynamics and localization of ROS production during seed germination.

We studied the involvement of ROS in the breaking of Arabidopsis seed dormancy by cold stratification, gibberellic acid (GA3) and light. We characterized the effects of these treatments on abscisic acid and gibberellins biosynthesis and signalling pathways. ROS, mitochondrial redox status and peroxisomes were visualized and/or quantified during seed imbibition. Finally, we performed a cytogenetic characterization of the nuclei from the embryonic axes during seed germination.

We show that mitochondria participate in the early ROS production during seed imbibition and that a possible involvement of peroxisomes in later stages should still be analysed. At the time of radicle protrusion, ROS accumulated within the nucleus, which correlated with nuclear expansion and chromatin decompaction.

Taken together, our results provide evidence of the role of ROS trafficking between organelles and of the nuclear redox status in the regulation of seed germination by dormancy.
UNUSUAL DEPOSITION ON BRONZE AGE AND IRON AGE SETTLEMENTS AND HILLFORTS IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE THAMES VALLEY
Authors: Davies Alex 
Published: February 2022

SummaryContexts producing unusual deposits have long been recognized on later prehistoric settlements. These can include complete or shattered pots; complete animal and/or human skeletons, skulls or articulating segments; or unusually large quantities of material culture. Interpretation has tended to follow theoretical fashions, but the intentions and meanings behind these strange deposits are still poorly understood. This paper approaches the subject through a macro‐scale analysis, looking at 230 sites in one region over c.1550 years, from the Middle Bronze to the Middle Iron Ages. This regional, diachronic study has found patterns in settlement deposition that are specific to certain periods. Sometimes, these recurring patterns appear to be immediately functional practices, although in most instances recurrent depositional themes have been argued to have specific ritual intent and to be relatable to wider aspects of social organization and the archaeological record. This study also suggests that hillforts witnessed increased levels of deposition of a range of different material. The analysis provides new perspectives on this important aspect of later prehistoric archaeology.
Protective effect of γ‐glutamylcysteine against UVB radiation in NIH‐3T3 cells
Authors: Lu Shuai , Liu Jie , Zhang Xiaoxue , Zhou Jinyi , Liu Huimin , Liang Juanjuan , Jiang Longwei , Hu Jianhua , Zhang Yan , Ma Lihua , Luo Lan , Jia Shaochang , Yin Zhimin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet (UV) radiation‐induced oxidative stress is the main cause of photodamage to the skin. Glutathione (GSH) serves important physiological functions, including scavenging oxygen‐free radicals and maintaining intracellular redox balance. γ‐glutamylcysteine (γ‐GC), as an immediate precursor of GSH and harboring antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, represents an unexplored option for skin photodamage treatment.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether γ‐GC can reduce UVB‐induced NIH‐3T3 cell damage.MethodsThe experimental groups were as follows: control, UVB radiation, UVB radiation after pretreatment with γ‐GC. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays were used to measure cell proliferation, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting to detect the apoptosis rate and apoptosis‐associated proteins. The levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and GSH/GSSG (oxidized GSH) were measured to assess oxidative stress. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect DNA damage. The members of the MAPK signaling pathways were detected by immunoblotting.ResultsUVB irradiation significantly reduced cell viability and destroyed the oxidative defense system. Pretreatment with γ‐GC reduced UVB‐induced cytotoxicity, restored the oxidation defense system, and inhibited activation of the MAPK pathway. It also reduced the apoptosis rate, downregulated the levels of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP. Furthermore, pretreatment with γ‐GC reduced the accumulation of γH2AX after UVB radiation exposure, indicating that γ‐GC could protect cells from DNA damage.Conclusionγ‐GC protected NIH‐3T3 from damage caused by UVB irradiation. The photoprotective effect of γ‐GC is mediated via strengthening the endogenous antioxidant defense system, which prevents DNA damage and inhibits the activation of the MAPK pathway.
Strongly unbalanced gender attractiveness in a dioecious mass flowering tropical tree pollinated by stingless bees
Authors: Calaça P. , de Freitas L. D. , Schlindwein C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

In dioecious, bee‐pollinated tree species, male and female flowers offer different resources. It is unclear how this unbalanced quantity and quality of floral resources affects flower visits and pollen transfer to female flowers. We asked, what characteristics of flowering and dynamics of resource production by trees favour flights of bees between male and female trees.

We quantified the floral resources produced by individual flowers and entire trees of Myracrodruon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae), measured pollen flow to female flowers, fruit set of naturally pollinated flowers and determined the effective pollinators.

Crown volume of male trees was four‐fold, flower number 15‐fold and nectar volume 60 times higher than in female trees. While ~70% of male flowers opened in the morning, ~70% of female flowers opened in the afternoon. Fruit set was 27%. Stingless bee species were the main pollinators, while honeybees were common only on male flowers.

Strongly unbalanced production of floral resources, high potential lifespan of female flowers and anticipated opening of male flowers favour pollinator movement and pollen deposition on female flowers, albeit low (0.003% of pollen that reached stigmas), but sufficient to produce thousands of fruits per tree. Besides being an astonishing pollen and nectar source for numerous social bee species, only a few of them were effective pollinators. Our quantitative approach to floral resource production of each gender provides new insights, such as the proportion of resources allocated to each gender and the corresponding behaviour of flower visitors, for understanding the reproductive strategy of dioecious tropical mass‐flowering trees.