bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting Styles in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Shrivastava Apoorva , Manjula M , Vijaysagar K John , Thippeswamy Harish 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Personality disorders (PDs) are often influenced by early circumstances such as parenting. Parenting remains a subjective experience which has not been well studied in the context of PDs from the perspectives of parents and their children.

Aims:
This study examined the parenting styles in the form of perceived parenting in youth with borderline PD (BPD) and parenting experiences of their parents.

Settings and Design:
We employed a mixed-methods cross-sectional study design to assess youth aged between 16 and 24 years diagnosed with BPD and their parents, who sought treatment at a tertiary care psychiatric hospital.

Methods:
Youth (n = 5) and their parents (n = 8) were assessed on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM 5 for PD, MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview 7.0.2, and the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire – Short Form. Two youth and two parents from the primary sample were selected for a semi-structured interview on parenting.

Statistical Analysis:
Parenting style scores were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the interview data.

Results:
Youth with BPD perceived parenting as authoritarian and scored their parents lowest on the autonomy-granting dimension of authoritative parenting style. Verbal hostility was scored highest for parents. Parents of youth with BPD perceived their parenting style as authoritative, viewing themselves as warm and supportive. In the interviews, youth reported high criticality; they expressed dissatisfaction with parenting styles and need for support. The parents reported the negative influence of marital discord on parenting styles, and the need for open communication.

Conclusions:
Parenting styles are perceived differently by youth with BPD and their parents. Presence of psychopathology and individual personality traits of both youth and parents seem to play an important role in determining parenting, which needs further exploration.
The Art of Sim-Making
Authors: Lateef Fatimah , Peckler Brad , Saindon Eric , Chandra Shruti , Sardesai Indrani , Rahman Mohamed Alwi Abdul , Krishnan S Vimal , Wahid Ali Afrah Abdul , Goncalves Rose V , Galwankar Sagar 
Published: February 2022

The components of each stage have similarities as well as differences, which make each unique in its own right. As the film-making and the movie industry may have much we can learn from, some of these will be covered under the different sections of the paper, for example, “Writing Powerful Narratives,” depiction of emotional elements, specific industry-driven developments as well as the “cultural considerations” in both.
For medical simulation and simulation-based education, the corresponding stages are as follows:
The art of sim-making has many similarities to that of film-making. In fact, there is potentially much to be learnt from the film-making process in cinematography and storytelling. Both film-making and sim-making can be seen from the artistic perspective as starting with a large piece of blank, white sheet of paper, which will need to be colored by the “artists” and personnel involved; in the former, to come up with the film and for the latter, to engage learners and ensure learning takes place, which is then translated into action for patients in the actual clinical care areas. Both entities have to go through a series of systematic stages.
For film-making, the stages are as follows:
Correlation of serum apelin level with carotid intima–media thickness and insulin resistance in a sample of Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: El Wakeel Mervat El Shahat , Ahmad Inass Hassan , Mohammed Marwa Abdelmonim , Ali Sally Mohamed Osama , El Wahab Marwa Khairy Abd , Shipl Walaa Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing health problem in Egypt, with a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Measurement of the carotid Intima-media thickness (CIMT) allows early detection of atherosclerotic blood vessel diseases. Apelin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that may be associated with insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to assess the level of serum apelin in patients with T2DM and its relation to IR and CIMT.

Materials and Methods:
A case-control study was conducted on 60 patients with T2DM and 30 healthy controls. T2DM was diagnosed based on American Diabetes Association criteria. The study was carried out at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, through the period from June to December 2019. The laboratory investigations included serum apelin and blood glucose hemostasis markers. CIMT was assessed using B-mode ultrasonography.

Results:
Patients’ group had a statistically significant higher apelin level than healthy controls (407.96 ± 291.07 versus 83.32 ± 10.55 ng/dL, P < 0.001). The correlation analysis showed that the serum apelin level correlated positively with glycemic indices, body weight, and waist circumference (P < 0.05). At cutoff value of >96 ng/dL, the serum apelin exhibited a sensitivity of 98.3% and specificity of 96.7%, positive predictive value of 98.1%, and negative predictive value of 96.5%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 95.1%. Serum apelin correlated positively with CIMT (r = 0.296, P = 0.022). Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic and diastolic blood pressures, Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR, and CIMT were independent predictors of serum apelin.

Conclusion:
Serum apelin may be correlated with the degree of carotid atherosclerosis and hence can be used as a prognostic biomarker.
Inguinal Herniotomy in Children: Retrospective Three Decades Experience
Authors: Agrawal Liladhar , Gupta Rahul , Sharma Shyam Bihari 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Inguinal herniotomy is the most frequently performed operation in the pediatric age group. The clinical outcome of inguinal hernias and hydroceles in pediatric patients should be assessed periodically.

Aims:
This study aims to analyze the clinical presentation and outcome of a large series of pediatric inguinal hernias and hydroceles from a tertiary care institute.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective study performed on cohort of pediatric patients with inguinal hernias and hydroceles from January 1983 to December 2014.

Subjects and Methods:
Pediatric patients, aged <16 years with inguinal hernias and hydroceles were studied.

Results:
There were 8000 pediatric patients with 7350 (91.875%) males and 650 (8.125%) females (M:F = 11.3:1). Only 60 (0.75%) were in neonatal age group and 1770 (22.125%) were infants. Out of 8000, 170 (2.125%) patients presented with incarcerated inguinal hernia. A total of 8260 herniotomies were performed which included 260 cases with bilateral disease. Inguinal hernia constituted 6195 (75%) patients and hydrocele in 2065 (25%) cases. Associated genital anomalies and abdominal wall defects were present in 252 (3.15%) cases. In 80 (1%) patients, additionally ipsilateral orchiopexy were performed for unilateral undescended testis in 76 (0.95%) patients and unilateral ectopic testis 4 (0.05%) patients. Postoperative complications were present in 48 (0.6%) cases.

Conclusions:
Complications associated with inguinal hernias including those presenting with incarceration and strangulation are rare if they are managed in time and under the supervision of an experienced pediatric surgeon. We recommend a yearly clinical audit (assessment of morbidity and mortality statistics) of pediatric inguinal hernias and hydroceles managed with inguinal herniotomy.
Role of p53 and Her2/Neu as a Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Anamika , Patil Bharat Umakant , Gangane Nitin M. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The purpose of this study is to determine if p53 and Her2/neu have prognostic value in recognizing more aggressive behavior and low prognostic breast cancer. p53 is involved in regulating cell proliferation-inducing apoptosis and enhancing chromosomal stability. In carcinogenesis, disturbance of these roles tends to play significant role. There is evidence that overexpression of Her2 and p53 is implicated in the development of breast cancer. Her2 (c-erbB2) encodes a membrane protein (p185) that, after interaction with its ligands, is phosphorylated by tyrosine. Overexpression of Her2 occurs by either gene amplification or by overexpression of mRNA.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty consecutive diagnosed cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma over a period of 2 years were reviewed from archived pathology records. Evaluation of p53 and Her2/neu staining was analyzed and staining was scored.

Results:
p53 and Her2/neu were both positive in 14% of cases, both were negative in 24% of cases. p53 positivity with Her2/neu negativity was seen in 52% of cases, whereas p53 negativity and Her2/neu positivity were seen in 10% of cases. Follow-up was available in 21 cases, and survival pattern of patients according to various clinicopathological parameters was done.

Conclusion:
A well-defined cutoff to label p53 overexpression will help in ascertaining the role of p53 as a prognostic marker. Her2/neu overexpression is associated with lymph node involvement.
Effectiveness of nutrition education intervention on maternal nutritional knowledge among women of childbearing age in Ikenne local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ngozi E. O. , John E.P. , Baderinwa T.J. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Nutrient inadequacy during childbearing age and pregnancy is a major cause of intrauterine growth retardation of the foetus leading to other long-term health problems such as non-communicable diseases in later years. More so, child malnutrition and mortality can be majorly attributed to improper infant and young child feeding practices.
Objective: This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of nutrition education intervention on maternal nutritional knowledge among women of childbearing age in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed for this study and 115 women of childbearing age were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire developed from the “Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices” nutrition education handbook by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) which was administered pre and post the nutrition education. Data were vetted, coded and subjected to analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Tests were statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: Below average (42.6%) of the respondents had good nutritional knowledge on breastfeeding, 42.6% had average on complementary feeding, while majority (61.8%) had good knowledge on health practices in the pre-test. The post-intervention test revealed significant improvement in their knowledge where 74.8%, 74.0% and 77.4% had good nutritional knowledge on breastfeeding, complementary feeding and health practices respectively. Testing the effectiveness of the nutrition education intervention, there was a significant difference between the pre and post nutritional knowledge test scores (p-0.00).
Conclusion: The study population had an average knowledge on breastfeeding and complementary feeding before the nutrition education intervention. The post-education tests result showed improvements on their knowledge from average to good on all the practices. This shows that the nutrition education was effective in improving their maternal nutritional knowledge.
Banco de sementes em sistemas de produção de agricultura com queima e sem queima no município de Marapanim, Pará
Authors: Leal Eliane Constantinov , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , Kato Maria do Socorro Andrade 
Published: February 2022

Na agricultura de corte e queima, a capoeira tem como papel principal a fertilização da terra após a queima de sua biomassa vegetal. Geralmente as repetidas queimadas acabam destruindo todas as formas de regeneração, incluindo o banco de sementes. Pensando nessa problemática, o Projeto Studies of Human Impact on Forests and Floodplains in the Tropics (SHIFT), no qual esta pesquisa se insere, após uma série de estudos básicos sobre as capoeiras da região Bragantina, vem desenvolvendo uma alternativa de produção agrícola em que a capoeira é usada como fonte de nutrientes e matéria orgânica para o solo em sistemas de produção de ‘agricultura sem queima’. O trabalho desenvolvido no município de Marapanim foi um experimento participativo, uma nova abordagem do projeto, onde as áreas foram definidas pelos agricultores. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do banco de sementes de áreas submetidas a diferentes práticas agrícolas, caracterizando qualitativa e quantitativamente sua composição florística. Foram testadas as hipóteses de que o fogo diminui o potencial do banco de sementes e cria condições favoráveis à regeneração de espécies invasoras herbáceas. A cobertura triturada minimiza os impactos provocados pela queima sobre a diversidade vegetal e aumenta a regeneração de espécies acumuladoras de biomassa. O potencial de germinação do banco de sementes nos tratamentos foi monitorado durante 270 dias. Nos tratamentos queima e cobertura triturada, foram avaliadas a densidade, riqueza de espécies, famílias e formas de vida predominantes. No banco de sementes antes do manejo do solo, a densidade média na queima foi de 284 indivíduos/m2 e na cobertura triturada 328 indivíduos/m2. Depois do manejo do solo na queima, foram encontrados em média 23 indivíduos/m2 e na cobertura triturada 139 indivíduos/m2. As espécies mais freqüentes nos dois momentos e nos dois tratamentos foram Borreria latifolia, Fimbristylis meliacea e Cyperus diffusus. As famílias Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae e Poaceae apareceram em alta frequência em todas as áreas e nos dois tratamentos. Além dessas, destacaram-se as famílias Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae, Malvaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae e Asteraceae. As formas de vida mais comuns encontradas nos tratamentos foram as ervas. Os diferentes tratamentos afetaram a abundância e riqueza florística, diminuindo o número de sementes de espécies arbóreas e arbustivas, acumuladoras de biomassa.
Caracterização química e aspectos geoquímicos relevantes da matéria orgânica de sedimentos em suspensão na foz do rio Amazonas
Authors: Pereira Simone Baía , De Lima Waterloo Napoleão , El-Robrini Maamar 
Published: February 2022

As características geoambientais do rio Amazonas têm sido descritas por diversos pesquisadores, enfatizando a apreciável extensão de sua bacia de drenagem, a influência da floresta, da erosão, da sazonalidade, do considerável índice pluviométrico, do transporte de material em suspensão e da notável descarga (vazão) lançada para o oceano Atlântico. Este estudo, realizado no âmbito do Programa Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva (REVIZEE), em amostras de sedimentos coletadas em águas costeiras do oceano Atlântico sob influência do rio Amazonas, durante o 2° cruzeiro científico da Operação Norte II, a bordo do navio oceanográfico Anatares, procede à caracterização química e discute aspectos geoquímicos relevantes da matéria orgânica de sedimentos de fundo e em suspensão na foz do grande rio. Observou-se que as concentrações mais elevadas de material em suspensão (máxima em 2300 mg/L) encontram-se em pontos de coleta próximos à costa e tendem a zero a offshore. A variação do teor da matéria orgânica associada a esse material em suspensão é relativamente restrita (mínimo em 1,91% e máximo em 3,53%). A identificação da natureza química da matéria orgânica indica a ocorrência de material húmico, associado muito provavelmente à drenagem de solos amazônicos característicos, como os podzóis e os latossolos, material esse transportado pelo rio Amazonas até as águas costeiras. Na caracterização química do material húmico, identificaram-se grupos metileno (que estão diretamente relacionados com hidrocarbonetos alifáticos), grupos C=O (de carboxilato e de cetonas) e de bandas devidas a argilominerais associados. O teor de matéria orgânica mostrouse sempre abaixo de 3,6%, exibindo valores de razão C/N variando de 9,64 (material em suspensão) a 68,3 (em sedimentos de fundo), de acordo com a maior ou menor influência de compostos orgânicos nitrogenados ou de maior ou menor período de maturação desse material orgânico. Nas amostras apresentando razão C/N mais elevadas, deve-se esperar uma origem em que dominem produtos da decomposição de celulose ou que estejam associadas a um período de maturação menos recente. O teor de fosfato presente no sedimento, variando de 0,06% a 0,78% (expressos em mg.L-1 de P), sugere influências do ambiente marinho (talvez envolvendo contribuições de P biogênico), através da ressuspensão de sedimentos, fato comum em ambientes estuarinos.
Osteologia e miologia cranianas de Eurypyga helias (Pallas, 1781) (Gruiformes: Eurypygidae) comparada com outros Gruiformes
Authors: Marceliano Maria Luiza Videira , Donatelli Reginaldo José , Posso Sérgio Roberto 
Published: February 2022

O estudo da osteologia e da miologia do pavãozinho-do-pará pode dar uma idéia da possível relação entre os Eurypygidae e os demais Gruiformes. A análise foi realizada com base em 66 espécimes de aves pertencentes às famílias Aramidae (Aramus guarauna), Psophiidae (Psophia crepitans, Psophia leucoptera, Psophia viridis, Psophia viridis obscura), Rallidae (Laterallus exilis, Gallinula martinica), Heliornithidae (Heliornis fulica) e Eurypygidae (Eurypyga helias). As descrições osteológicas e miológicas detalhadas da espécie Eurypyga helias foram utilizadas como referencial para as comparações das diversas estruturas anatômicas com as espécies acima mencionadas. Quanto às estruturas osteológicas cranianas, os resultados mostraram que foi possível relacionar Eurypygidae aos demais grupos de Gruiformes, por meio das seguintes características comuns: palato esquizognato, ausência da sutura frontonasal, ausência do septo nasal, e pars symphysialis mandibulae com cerca de 1/5 do comprimento total do crânio. As características da osteologia craniana exclusivas de E. helias são: porção rostral do rostro paraesfenóide reduzida; processo descendente do lacrimal trifurcado; osso ectetmóide vestigial; processo paraoccipital mais desenvolvido; ausência da fossa subcondilar; processo maxilopalatino bem desenvolvido e em forma de ampola; processo dorsal do pterigóide bem desenvolvido; e o capitulum oticum duas vezes mais desenvolvido que o capitulum squamosum. E. helias compartilha com A. guarauna (Aramidae) a forma semelhante da mandíbula e do processo maxilopalatino, processos maxilar e frontal do nasal não fundidos entre si e rostroparaesfernóide relativamente curto. Quanto à musculatura que movimenta as maxilas, constatou-se uma relativa similaridade entre E. helias e G. martinica (Rallidae). De uma forma geral, a complexidade da musculatura craniana de E. helias em termos estruturais é intermediária entre P. viridis (mais complexa) e G. martinica (menos complexa). Os dados apresentados tornaram possível aproximar Eurypygidae e Aramidae, com base nas semelhanças observadas, embora não se possa afirmar neste trabalho se tais semelhanças refletem parentesco (sinapomorfias) entre estes dois grupos. Em suma, torna-se necessário uma investigação morfológica mais acurada, bem como estudos sistemáticos complementares da ordem Gruiformes para que seja possível inferir com mais segurança qualquer relacionamento entre os grupos que a compõem.
Osteologia e miologia cranianas de Megaxenops parnaguae (Furnariidae: Philydorinae)
Authors: Donatelli Reginaldo José , Marceliano Maria Luiza Videira 
Published: February 2022

A osteologia do crânio e a musculatura que movimenta as maxilas de Megaxenops parnaguae foram estudadas e comparadas com a maioria dos gêneros e espécies de Furnariidae. Foram analisados 137 espécimens de Furnariidae, 13 de Dendrocolaptidae e 4 de Formicariidae. A osteologia craniana foi estudada em 144 espécimens, enquanto a musculatura que movimenta as maxilas em 10 espécimens. Megaxenops parnaguae apresentou o processo pósorbital menos desenvolvido e o mais curto rostroesfenóide; Megaxenops apresentou similaridades osteológicas cranianas principalmente com Philydor, Hyloctites e Automolus. Os Synallaxinae e os Philydorinae compartilharam uma característica: a sutura nasofrontal é limitada à porção mediana da maxila superior. Não foi observada qualquer característica compartilhada entre Philydorinae e Furnariinae. Em relação à musculatura que movimenta as maxilas, M. parnaguae mostrou similaridades com as duas espécies do gênero Philydor analisadas. Todavia, M. Parnaguae difere das demais espécies estudadas, pois apresenta três feixes no M. adductor mandibulae externus rostralis medialis e uma aponeurose de inserção (XIII) a mais no M. pterygoideus ventralis lateralis. Além disso, M. Parnaguae mostrou muitas diferenças nessa musculatura em relação às demais espécies analisadas.
Osteologia craniana de Geotrygon montana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Columbiformes: Columbidae) comparada com os Columbiformes do Novo Mundo
Authors: Marceliano Maria Luiza Videira , Donatelli Reginaldo José , Posso Sérgio Roberto 
Published: February 2022

Estudos sobre a osteologia craniana dos Columbiformes são escassos na literatura. No que se refere a G. montana, não foram encontrados trabalhos desta natureza, sendo esta, provavelmente, a primeira descrição detalhada da anatomia craniana da espécie. Procurou-se, neste estudo, descrever a osteologia e a musculatura que movimenta as maxilas em G. montana e, com base nesta descrição, comparar com outras espécies de Columbiformes do Novo Mundo e ampliar o conhecimento anatômico nesta ordem, bem como identificar caracteres anatômicos para uma futura análise cladística.Estudou-se a osteologia craniana em 35 espécimes pertencentes a seis gêneros de Columbidae, abrangendo cerca de 70% dos gêneros de Columbiformes do Novo Mundo. Os resultados mostraram inúmeras diferenças relacionadas ao grau de desenvolvimento das estruturas entre as espécies analisadas, bem como algumas características peculiares a alguns táxons. Isso indica que a osteologia craniana dos Columbidae pode ser uma ferramenta das mais importantes para um estudo sistemático a posteriori.
Microhabitat utilization and population density of the lizard Gonatodes humeralis (Guichenot, 1855) (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) in forest areas in Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Oda Welton Yudi 
Published: February 2022

Gonatodes humeralis is a small lizard widely distributed in Amazonia and found on tree trunks. An increase in its abundance in deforested areas has been observed in several studies, although the factors causing this increase remain unknown. In this study, population density was estimated in forests in different stages of regeneration. Population densities and habitat characteristics were analyzed by multiple regression. This analysis showed that population density was positively related to the number of available trunks and negatively related to forest regeneration stage. Analysis of microhabitats used by G. humeralis was made to evaluate whether the species selects the tree trunks it uses. This selection has been reported for arboreal lizards, although only diameter was quantified. Comparison between the frequency distributions of used and available trunks showed that G. humeralis did not select trunks either by circumference or by canopy density. However, amount of leaf litter and trunk rugosity were used in different proportions relative to the available, suggesting that this species prefers trunks with intermediate rugosity and less leaf litter around it. This selection may be related to ease of movement between trees, while the selection of trunks with intermediate surface rugosity may be related both to lizard mobility and predator avoidance. Additional studies would show whether these patterns are also found in other populations