bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDUKASI PENGGUNAAN MASKER DAN MANAJEMEN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH MASKER SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19 (EDUCATION ON THE USE OF MASK AND ITS WASTE TREATMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF COVID-19 TRANSMISSION)
Authors: Budiastuti Anggun , Sari Desri Maulina , Sunarsih Elvi , Windusari Yuanita 
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah kasus COVID-19, kesadaran masyarakat untuk menggunakan masker juga semakin tinggi. PeningkatanÂ pemakaian masker tentunya harus diikuti dengan pemahaman penggunaan masker dan manajemen pembuangan limbah masker bekas pakai yang tepat untuk memastikan efektivitas maksimal dalam menghindari penularan COVID-19. Peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat dilakukan dengan penyuluhan, pembagian masker dan leaflet penanganan limbah masker. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan nilai rerata scoring pre-test pengetahuan responden adalah 79,95 dan hasil post-test dengan nilai rerata 88,41. Berdasarkan analisis paired t-test didapatkan nilai p-value < 0.05, ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat setelah dilakukan penyuluhan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berjalan dengan lancar dan mendapat respon positif dari masyarakat setempat. Melalui peningkatan pengetahuan ini diharapkan akan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya penggunaan masker dan penge sebagai upaya pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19.Â ABSTRACTÂ COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Along with the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases, the use of masks by the community is also increased. However, It must be followed by the correct use of masks and proper understanding of the waste management to ensure maximum effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention.This community service was carried out through counseling, distribution of masks and leaflets. The results showed that the average score of the pre-test of respondents' knowledge was 79.95 and the post-test results was 88.41. Based on the paired t-test analysis, the p-value <0.05, this indicated that there was an increase in knowledge after counseling. Community service activities went smoothly and received a positive response from the local community. By increasing knowledge, it was hoped that it would increase public awareness of using masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Maryjny wzorzec teologii
Authors: Smentek Izabella 
Published: December 2022

Artykuł podejmuje kwestię, w jaki sposób pytania formułowane przez Matkę Najświętszą i to, co wiemy o Jej refleksji nad Objawieniem, mogą posłużyć jako wzorzec teologii, a jednocześnie wzorzec relacji tej refleksji wobec innych nauk. Brane są pod uwagę dokumenty Magisterium, wypowiedzi papieży, a także opinie wybitnych współczesnych filozofów i teologów. Przedmiot teologii determinuje jej specyfikę, punkt wyjścia i metody. Również kryteria przez nią stosowane uwzględniają uniwersalne zasady pracy rozumu, ale, w odróżnieniu od innych nauk, są zakorzenione w środowisku eklezjalnym, bez którego nie byłoby teologii. Również cel teologii wyróżnia ją i nadaje w jej przypadku szczególne znaczenie pragmatyzmowi i pożyteczności.
"Cathedral" of Catholic Theology
Authors: Rowland Tracey 
Published: December 2022

In the third decade of the twenty-first century the “cathedral” of Catholic theology has suffered some structural assaults and the way forward is a contemporary “hot topic”. This paper argues against the idea, common among Catholics of the millennial generation, that we simply need to “reboot” the system to 1959 and restore the framework of “Strict Observance Neo-Scholasticism”. Instead it suggests that attention needs to be given to the structure itself, to issues in fundamental theology, and the relationships or “joints” in the framework of Catholic theology, along the lines recommended by Joseph Ratzinger and others in his theological circle.
Teodoret z Cyru wobec kultu pogańskiego w świetle dzieła "Leczenie chorób hellenizmu"
Authors: Piechocka-Kłos Maria 
Published: December 2022

W niniejszej publikacji przedstawiono szczegółową analizę dzieła Teodoreta z Cyru, teologa i egzegety greckiego z V w. pt. Leczenie chorób hellemnizmu w odniesieniu do fragmentów przedstawiających kwestię kultu pogańskiego, a konkretnie jego stanowiska względem niego. Antiocheńczyk doskonale rozumie, że literatura, kultura i filozofia są miejscem spotkania chrześcijaństwa z hellenizmem, dlatego wprost nie odrzuca całego dorobku kultury greckiej, ponieważ wierzy, że próba pojednania chrześcijaństwa z hellenizmem jest możliwa, jednak bez udziału kultu pogańskiego. Wyższość nad hellenizmem należy przyznać bez wątpienia chrześcijaństwu. Autor apologii proponuje poganom lekarstwo, aby wyleczyli się z choroby zarozumiałości. Teodoret z Cyru potępił m.in. sekretne praktyki i kłanianie się rzeźbom (III, 84; III 85), odrzucił krwawe i bezbożne ofiary (VII, 3; VII, 10; VII 22; VII, 24), przestrzegł, aby nie mylić kultu męczenników z ofiarami błagalnymi dla zmarłych za pomyślność żyjących (VIII, 33; VIII 34) oraz krytycznie odniósł się do wyroczni greckich (X, 2-3; X, 9). W celu pełniejszego ukazania przywołanego w temacie zagadnienia, omówiono również kontekst historyczno-społeczny analizowanej apologii oraz okoliczności kształtowania się rozumu i duchowości samego autora.
Chapter XIV: The Organization of Attention
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

We have considered the interplay and some of the units of interaction which may occur within it once accredited participation has been established. Let us now return to consider some of the structural characteristics of interplay as such.
It has been suggested that an interplay characteristically involves a focussing of the attention of the listeners upon the speaker. The initiation and maintenance of this organized attention, the transfer of it from one speaker to another, and its final dissolution all involve problems in attention management.
Chapter IV: Expressive Behavior
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

Whenever an individual acts in any way, we can assume that something about him is conveyed, even if it is only the fact that he did not act in a given way. In the style of the act, in the manner in which the act is performed, in the relation of the act to the context in which it occurs—in all these ways something about the actor is presented in the character of his act. The tendency for the character of the actor to overflow into the character of his acts is usually called the expressive aspect of behavior.
Behavior which is not expressive may be called instrumental. Instrumental behavior consists of activity which is officially of no value in itself but only of value in so far as it serves as a means to another end. Linguistic communication is a type of instrumental behavior and is officially valued only because it can serve as a means of conveying information. It must be clearly understood that expressive behavior is not a form of instrumental behavior; it is not intended as an admitted means to the end of transmitting information, or, in fact, as a means to any other end. Expressive behavior is not, primarily, rational behavior that can find a place in a voluntaristic means-ends scheme; rather, it is part of the behavioral impulse associated with any act.
Chapter VIII: Introduction
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

At this point it seems proper to provide a more systematic statement of some of the assumptions and definitions which underlie some of the terms and usages appearing in the first three parts. At the same time it is also necessary to provide some very elementary definitions as a background for what is to follow.
A body of information that is transferred from one place to another is commonly called a message. A message involves a configuration of signs and the transmission of physical carriers, or what have come to be called vehicles, of these signs. We usually think of vehicles as issuing from a sign-source, and we think of vehicles as being impelled form a source with a sign-impulse of given force or intensity, and as being impelled in a particular direction. The process of impulsion is usually called transmission, and arrangement of vehicles for the purpose of transmission is usually called encoding. A physical field in which vehicles of a given kind can be transmitted may be called a medium. We usually think of a medium in reference to the particular type of equipment—human and non-human—which must be employed if the signs transmitted in the medium are to be received. The source of sign-impulse may be called a transmitter and the agency which receives the signs a receiver. It is to be noted that the terms so far defined pertain to the physical aspects of communication, not to the social setting in which communication occurs.
Chapter XXII: On Projected Selves
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

Throughout this study it has been suggested that when islanders participate together in an interplay, countless events become available for aptly expressing the attitudes of the participants, especially the attitudes they have towards themselves and towards fellow-participants. With every word and gesture, a participant can convey his conception of himself and his conception of the others present, and every one of his words and gestures may be taken by others as an expression of these conceptions. The individual may, of course, attempt to conceal this expression or actually may not (even unconsciously) make use of opportunities for it, but in any case the others will assume that his behavior expresses his valuation of himself and them. It will therefore be advisable for the individual to take account of the possible interpretations that might be placed upon his behavior, regardless of which, if any, interpretation he thinks is correct.
When persons come together for purposes of interplay, each brings expectations as to the rights and obligations he will enjoy, and, by implication, a conception of himself which he expects the interplay will sustain. He also brings a familiarity with the treatment that ought to be accorded certain categories of persons and sufficient familiarity with symbols of status to hurriedly place those he meets into such social categories. And if the participants happen to know, or know of, one another, then, as Bales suggests, each participant may become, for the others, someone whose “… past actions and identity are remembered, including what he ‘has done’ prior to his entrance into the group and what he ’is’ outside the present in-group, and are attributed to him in the present as a part of his total significance.” In other words, each participant brings to the interplay a preliminary state of social information.
Chapter I: Dixon
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

More than a hundred miles off the coast of Britain there is a cluster of islands containing about twenty thousand inhabitants. These persons are supported by a poor economy of small-scale sheep farming and fishing. Less than ten per cent of the five hundred square miles of land on the islands is under cultivation, and, except for home-knitting for a luxury market, almost nothing is manufactured. Until recently, the population had been declining very rapidly. The policy of the national government, for various reasons, has been a protective one, helping to maintain British standards of living by means of agricultural subsidies, statutes governing the rental price of small holdings, and an extremely high per capita payment to the islands for upkeep of required social services.
The persons who live on the islands are drawn together by a distinctive dialect, a rich cultural heritage, and what amounts to a thousand years of shared historical identity and development. The name for the cluster of islands—let us call it Bergand—is the name that an inhabitant of any one of the particular islands in the cluster is likely to identity himself by. Bergand has been under British rule for only three centuries. Until the last war, respectable Englishmen thought of Bergand as a source of seamen and servants, and the islands enjoyed—along with many other clusters of people in Britain—the status of a subordinate minority group. These factors making for distinctiveness are, of course, reinforced by the natural barrier of water between the mainland of Britain and the islands. In many ways, then, Berganders form a society unto themselves.
Chapter X: Accredited Participation and Interplay
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

When two or more persons are engaged in linguistic communication with one another, in Dixon and apparently elsewhere in Western society, there is a tendency for each participant to extend to himself and to all other participants the like privilege of “accredited” attendance. Briefly, each person not only participates in the interaction but does so, and is allowed to do so, with legitimacy; his manner conveys that he is openly and admittedly involved in the conversation and that his presence in the conversation is a proper and justifiable thing.
Accredited or legitimated attendance may be thought of as a kind of status. It is perhaps one of the broadest of statuses; persons of extremely discrepant social position can find themselves in a situation where it is fitting to impute it to one another. The status carries the right and the obligation to receive the message at hand, and the status implies the judgment that the participant is worthy and capable of receiving the message. It should be noted that incumbents of the status are obliged to be engaged at that very moment in exercising their status and that the status does not carry over from one period when it is being exercised to another period, as, for example, in the case of occupational statuses. There is no interspersing of times during which the status is exercised with times during which it is latent.
Introduction
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

This is a report on a study of conversational interaction. It is based on twelve months of field work carried on between December, 1949, and May, 1951, in a small community in Great Britain. The community is located on a small island, one in an isolated group of islands that supports a subsistence rural economy.
The aim of the research was to isolate and record recurrent practices of what is usually called face-to-face interaction. The research was not designed to determine thoroughly or precisely the history of any interaction practice, the frequency and place of its occurrence, the social function which it performed, or even the range of persons among whom it occurred. The project was concerned with a more elementary question, namely, the kinds of types of practices which occurred.
Chapter XXIII: The Management of Projected Selves
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

During interplay, events may occur which make it difficult for participants to accept in an unthinking way the self projected by someone among them, or to continue to accept a projected self which they had initially accepted in this way. On such occasions dysphoria is likely to occur. The conscious realization that a projected self has not been or is no longer spontaneously accepted—whether this realization comes to the person whose projected self is not accepted or to the others—is likely to heighten the dysphoria.
During interplay in Dixon, individuals exercise tact or social strategies in order to maintain interactional euphoria. Some of these strategies are preventive, serving to avoid threats to the interplay; some are corrective, serving to compensate for dangers that have not been successfully avoided. These strategies may be employed by the individual causing the disturbance (if, in fact, it is felt that some one person in particular is at fault) or by individuals for whom such a disturbance is caused. When these strategies are successfully employed, social harmony in the interactional order is maintained or restored. Of course, a person who acts in such a way as to contribute to the euphoria in an interplay may act from many different motives and intentions. Some typical strategies are reviewed here, illustrations being provided for a few of them.
Chapter XV: Safe Supplies
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

When an individual enters the perceptual range of others, a kind of responsibility is placed upon him. Normally he must assume that his behavior will be observed and that it will be interpreted as an expression of the attitude he has toward those who observe him. In the realm of undirected communication, this implies that he will be expected to behave in a decorous manner, giving appropriate consideration to the presence of others. The requirements of decorous behavior, in our society and in others, will not be considered here. In the realm of directed communication—for example, conversation—the individual must assume that both his messages and his behavior as a recipient will be expected to contribute to the maintenance of the working acceptance.
Once individuals have extended accredited participant status to one another and have plunged into conversation, then it is necessary to sustain a continuous flow of messages until an inoffensive occasion presents itself for terminating the interplay. It appears that some persons can be so distantly related to one another that very little pretext may be needed to break off conversation and relapse into silence, and that some persons can be so intimately related to one another that on many occasions they can assume that no offense will be given when conversation lapses. It also seems that a wide range of social distance and of situations exists between these two extremes where a fairly good excuse is needed before conversation can safely lapse.
Chapter VII: Sign Situations
Authors: Goffman Erving 
Published: December 2022

When persons are in each other’s immediate presence, and especially when they are engaged together in conversational interaction, important informational conditions obtain. Each participant is in a position to convey information about himself both linguistically and expressively, especially information having to do with his conception of himself and his conception of the others present. An embarrassingly rich context of events is available to serve as vehicles for signs of this kind; some of these events are simultaneously part of the task organization in which the persons find themselves, while some of these events serve no explicitly recognized task.
When persons are in each other’s presence in a given situation, a definition usually prevails as to how each is to be treated. This definition of the situation is made possible by the fact that each participant possesses known determinants or qualifications which select out for others which of the different possible categories of treatment is to be accorded him. A corollary of this definitional process is that all qualifications which a person possesses which act as selective determinants of treatment in other situations but which are officially denied as irrelevant in the current situation must be ignored. The information which these irrelevant determinants or social characteristics carry may be received, but there is an obligation on the part of the recipient to act as if the information is in no way a determinant or a selector of behavior. This involves, on the part of recipients, suppression of response to information. Further, persons must not bring forth such irrelevant determinants as are not already apparent.
Dynamics of waqf in the city of Langsa (Case Study of Understanding Religious Figures)
Authors: Fatah Fatahillah , Anwar Puteh  
Published: December 2022

Purpose – to reveal and explain the dynamics of waqf in Langsa City starting from waqf regulation, public understanding, and understanding of Langsa City religious leaders.
Method – This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with primary and secondary data. Data collection methods used by observation, interviews, and documentation. This study can find that the community and religious leaders in Langsa City use the Syafi'i school of jurisprudence in the legal basis, including waqf.
Research Results - The results of this study related to the polemic of understanding religious leaders in Langsa City is because Aceh has its own fatwa institution not under the central MUI institution and Aceh's MPU so far has not issued a fatwa related to whether or not the practice of cash waqf is allowed. In this case, the researcher sees that if the Aceh MPU issues a regulation or fatwa regarding the permissible practice of cash waqf, then the harmony of understanding of religious leaders in Aceh, especially Langsa City will be reconciled over time.
Practical Implications – As a practical implication, the results of this study can be used as a reference by the government, especially waqf organizations.
The Impact of minimum wage, gross religional domestic product, inflation and education level on labor absorption in East Java province 2011-2020
Authors: Maksum Maksum , Khovifa Khovifa Lindarsi Farawangsa 
Published: December 2022

The population growth in Indonesia is getting faster and faster as well as the population growth in East Java Province. The total population of East Java Province is the second largest in Indonesia after West Java Province. Data on the population growth rate of East Java Province in percentage from 2010 to 2020 reached 0.79%. However, the large rate of population growth in East Java Province has not been matched by a large number of labor absorbed in various economic sectors. This research is aimed to analyze the factors influencing minimum wage, gross regional domestic product, inflation, and education level on labor absorption in East Java from 2011-2020 in the period of 10 years.
This research is used quantitative research with a descriptive method. The decision-making sample in this research used purposive sampling, it got 7 regencies/cities for this research sample. The source of data is taken generally from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). This study used the panel data regression analytical method of secondary data and the data selected for the fixed effect model, the software used in this research is Eviews 9.
The result showed as a simultaneous test, it is found that minimum wage, gross regional domestic product, inflation, and education level have a significant effect on labor absorption. As a partial test minimum wage and inflation have no significant effect on labor absorption, but gross regional domestic product and the education level variable has a significant effect on labor absorption. The value of coefficient determination (R2) in this research in the amount of 99,86% can be concluded on the dependent variable labor absorption. Meanwhile, 0,14% can be concluded by another variable.