bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Brand Image of a Hypermarket in Coimbatore City
Authors: Yogeshwaran G. , Hemalatha S. , Rohini A. , Anandhi V. 
Published: August 2022

This research project had the purpose to discuss the impact of the Brand Image of the hypermarket among the customers in Coimbatore city. Retailer’s brand image is the key factor that help them to engage with customers and influence their buying behaviors. The concept of the brand image draws vital attention from the practitioners as it plays a significant role in marketing activities. In this study, the concept of brand image of a hypermarket in second largest city of tamilnadu had been discussed. A convenient sampling with a sample size of 200 has been used in the hypermarket for the present study. Percentage analysis and Relative Importance Index are the tools that are used in the study for the analysis of samples. The purpose of this study is to find how the store’s brand image had reached the customers and the reason for its reach. Finding and discussion were about Impact of Brand Image on Consumer Purchase Behaviour in hypermarket, brand image factors and how it helps the company to influence customers purchasing behavior.
Application and Testing of a Laboratory Biotower Septic Tank System for Effluent Treatment - A Laboratory Study
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Lex Simon 
Published: August 2022

A laboratory biotower septic tank system was designed, installed, started up with unfiltered wastewater during a 9-day start-up phase, and operated at a hydraulic retention time of 5-, 15-, and 20 days with filtered waste water and 5-, 10-, and 15 days for liquid cow manure.
The system was operated at a laboratory room temperature of 23.0±0.5°C (73.4 ± 0.9°F). The system had an influent pH of 7.5 ±0.1 and a slightly higher pH of 8.0±0.1 for the effluent for filtered wastewater, and an influent pH of 7.3 ±0.1 and a slightly increased effluent pH of 7.5 ± 0.1 for the operation with liquid cow manure.
This research showed that the system is able to achieve an effluent chemical oxygen demand level between 17 ±1 mg/l, and 19 ±1 mg/l for a hydraulic retention time between 5-, and 20 days for filtered waste water, and between 23 ±1 mg/l and 32 ±3 mg/l for a hydraulic retention time between 5-, and 15 days for liquid cow manure at highly varying influent chemical oxygen demand levels between 25 ±1 mg/l and 74 ±15 mg/l and 293 ±46 mg/l to 335 ±14 mg/ for filtered wastewater and liquid cow manure respectively.
The Total solids content in the effluent of the system showed an increase for the filtered wastewater and liquid cow manure influent with increasing hydraulic retention rate from of 55 mg/l to 71 mg/l and from 25 mg/l to 53 mg/l respectively.
Total suspended solids for both, the filtered wastewater and the liquid cow manure was below the 4mg/l mark, except for the liquid cow manure 5-day hydraulic retention rate which had a value of 20 mg/l.
Mangrove Habitat Assessment in Lavezares Northern Samar
Authors: Ogoc Myrna Nicol 
Published: August 2022

Mangrove resources of the Municipality of Lavezares, Northern Samar were estimated with a total aggregate area of 1,038.4274 hectares, the 53.12% of which are distributed along the coastal margins in mainland and 46.88% along islands of the municipality. The mangal forests comprised of 13 true mangrove species belonging to seven families, which was predominantly of Rhizophoraceae combined with significant populations of Sonneratia and Avicennia species. The mangrove density varies at different sampled sites ranging from the least density of 2,100 to the densest of 24,900 stems per hectare. Six of the 12 mangrove sites have predominantly matured trees, an indicator of primary growth and six were of secondary growth with an average regenerative capacity of 72.60% of its populations.
Bakauan bankau (Rhizophora stylosa) has the highest density of 840 trees per hectare with a relative density of 35 percent followed by Api-api (Avicennia officinales) with density of 507 trees per hectare with relative density of 21 percent. Other densities include Pagatpat (Sonneratia alba) with 453 trees per hectare and 19 percent relative density. Bakauan lalake (Rhizophora apiculata has the least density of 267 with relative density of 12 percent.
For purposes of determining the number of saplings/wildlings in the study area, the mangrove assessment team established 3 regenerative plots (1m x 1m) per quadrat.
The use of acquiring data on the number of saplings in mangrove assessment is to provide information whether the area could regenerate naturally or it needs to have interventions like assisted natural regeneration or reforestation.
Based on the findings, there were only 41 saplings/seedlings encountered in all quadrats during the assessment. It implies that the area is not capable of regenerating itself naturally. Intervention like assisted natural regeneration through enrichment planting is necessary.
Assisted natural regeneration is the human protection and preservation of natural tree seedlings in forested areas like mangroves and improvement of the percentage of desirable species or genotypes and increasing biodiversity in a forest by interplanting.
Personal Factors and Mental Health of Public School Teachers in Lavezares I District, Division of Northern Samar
Authors: Alcera Rona L. , Donoga Danhill C. , Turla Margaret A. , Balag Cecil C. 
Published: August 2022

The study focused on the personal factors that influence the mental health of public-school teachers. This was conducted among elementary and secondary teachers in Lavezares I District, Division of Northern Samar. This study employed descriptive-correlational research design involving 30 participants chosen through purposive sampling. Data from survey questionnaire were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. This was conducted within the third quarter of the school year 2021-2022. Findings showed that more of them are between 31–38 years old. Majority of them are female, married, with net take home pay of 5,000 – 11,499, recipients of completed academic requirement (CAR) for their MA, hold teacher III position, have been in the service for 7 years and below, with not more than 2 trainings and seminars related to distance learning attended.
In terms of the mental health, results showed that teachers who are at the forefront of distance learning implementation manifest severe stress, moderate anxiety, and mild depression. The demographic profile in terms of age, gender, civil status, net take home pay, highest educational attainment, teaching position, length of service, and the number of attended trainings and seminars related to distance education found not significantly correlated teachers’ mental health. The findings of this study will provide input how school can address personal factors and mental health issues of teachers to become resilient in the face of adversities.
Effect of Different Moisture Conservation Methods and Nutrient Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Economics of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: Prathibha V. , Rani C. Sudha , Sudhakar C. , Ramprakash T. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To determine the effect of moisture conservation methods and nutrient management practices on growth, yield and economics of safflower.
Study Design: Split plot.
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Research Station, Tandur, between November 2021 and March 2022.
Methodology: A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Tandur, Vikarabad (District) during rabi 2021-22 to assess the effect of different moisture conservation methods and nutrient management practices on growth, yield and economics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under rainfed condition. The experiment was assigned in twenty treatments, laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included were 4 treatments of moisture conservation methods (i) M1 = Fallow in kharif fb safflower in rabi (ii) M2 = Greengram in kharif fb safflower in rabi (iii) M3 = Compartmental bunding in kharif fb safflower in rabi (iv) M4 = Barnyard millet in kharif fb safflower in rabi and 5 fertility levels (i) N1 = Control (No fertilizer) (ii) N2 = 50% RDF (iii) N3 = 75% RDF (iv) N4 = 100% RDF (v) N5 = 125% RDF randomly placed in sub plots of the main plot.
Results: Significantly higher grain yield (1402 kg ha-1), stover yield (3130 kg ha-1) was recorded under compartmental bunding in kharif fb safflower in rabi (M3). Similarly maximum grain yield (1565 kg ha-1), stover yield (3659 kg ha-1) was observed in 125% RDF (N5). The lower yield was recorded in M4 in moisture conservation practices whereas it was N1 (control) as in case of fertility levels. Exceptionally higher net returns was observed in M3 (Rs.53401) and N5 (Rs.61506).
Conclusion: Adoption of moisture conservation methods during kharif in semi arid regions impounds the rainwater effectively thereby providing more residual moisture for the upcoming rabi crop and enhances the crop yield.
Removal of Nitrate Loads Pollution from Drinking Water by Using Different Aromatic Grasses: Green Technology
Authors: Kesherwani Bhagyashree , Ravichandran S. , Mazeed Abdul 
Published: August 2022

The rapid increase in population needs a vast amount of food and energy to survive. This review paper reveals the potential of aromatic grasses to remove nitrate loads from different sources of contaminated water. A sustainable development approach for growing food needed pure water for irrigation and drinking purposes. These days, farmers are using chemical fertilisers to increase the quantity of food energy without knowing its harmful effect: our challenge is to be aware of them with green technology and teach them how to use it sustainably. Currently, many countries are experimenting with the green approach with the help of plants; they are trying to eliminate harmful elements from contaminated water. This method of removing pollutants by plants use is known as phytoremediation. So, many countries are using it to accumulate and extract toxic substances like heavy metals and higher nutrients load from water with the help of this approach. These aromatic grasses have been identified most photo-stabiliser, hyper-accumulator, and hyper-extractor of the toxic substance and nutrient loads at contaminated sites without harming or negatively impacting these toxics to other parts of the plant. Aromatic grasses cost-effectively have higher economic value. Many studies observe that toxicity enhances the essential oil quality of these grasses and increases the value and quantity of oil. Thus, grasses are very suitable for removing nitrate from different contaminated water sites and may be they are option for ideal sustainable development approaches.
Triangulating Indigenous Place Names and Meteorological Data for a Better Understanding of Climate Change in Same District, Tanzania
Authors: Lusiru Sifuni Nikombolwe , Malekela Asnath Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Aims: The study sought to triangulate climate-related place names and quantitative evidence of climate change from meteorological data from 1960 to 2021 so as to establish the extent of climate change in Same District. Triangulating the two was important in ascertaining the strategies developed to adapt to climate change.
Study Design: The study deployed a mixed research design which allows for the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods to gain a better understanding of the studied topic. This was important, as the study needed both qualitative and quantitative data.
Methodology: Four villages with climate-related names were purposefully selected. In-depth interviews, structured interviews and direct observations were used in collecting primary data from 152 respondents. Meteorological data were collected from the Tanzania Meteorological Authority (TMA).
Results: Seven place names associated with wet conditions were found in the villages. The climatic conditions that led to the invention of the names have changed such that if the villages were to be named today, their names would reflect the dry condition found in the villages. These findings were supported by meteorological data, which indicated a significant decrease in rainfall (b = -1.1 and R = 0.1) and increase in maximum and minimum temperature (b = 0.02) and R = 0.4 and 0.5, respectively). Besides, the intensity and frequency of drought has been increasing over time such that currently (1991 to 2021) the area experiences intensive drought every three years, but did so every ten years, from 1960 to 1990. Farmers’ adaptation strategies included growing early maturing crops (EMCs), changing planting dates, growing drought-tolerant crops (DTCs), reducing the number of meals, and migration. However, most of the strategies are ineffective due to rapid climate change.
Conclusion: Farmers’ adoption of strategies which can be effective in adapting to the current rapid climate change is important in having sustainable livelihoods. The strategies may include beekeeping and the cultivation of drought-tolerant crops.
Prevalence, Patterns and Predictors of Status Disclosure amongst HIV Clients Accessing Care in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria
Authors: Almond Elessa Ebot Mary , Chikee Aniwada Elias 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Mankind has been battling the AIDS pandemic since its advent in the eighties. So far, diverse measures have been taken and strategies formulated to combat the disease one of which is geared towards establishing barriers to its spread. HIV status disclosure as a preventive tool amidst other strategies is key to achieving the end AIDS goal by 2030. The study aims to determine the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with HIV disclosure among HIV clients accessing care in the ART clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu.
Methods: A cross sectional analytical survey was conducted among 260 HIV seropositive clients using interviewer administered questionnaires. Simple random sampling was carried out. Ethical issues were considered. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS and summarized using proportion, percentages and mean. Pearson Chi-square test was used for associations at significant level of p ≤ 0.05.
Results: All participants chosen for the study responded (100%). The survey revealed that; 96.5% of the respondents had disclosed their status to someone, 82.7% to their relative/friend. For clients who had spouse/partner, 91.4% have informed them. Majority had disclosed to more than one person (74.6%). There was a relationship between gender (p = 0.031), length of on treatment (p = 0.009), parity status (p = 0.049), think it is important to disclose (p = 0.000) and years of diagnosis (p = 0.003) with disclosure status.
Conclusion: Prevalence of disclosure was high. Characteristics of participants were associated with status disclosure. HIV disclosure though good but need to be sustained or improved as it is key to HIV control.
Alterations in Blood Thyroid Hormone Levels on Palpation of Thyroid Gland
Authors: Atin Mukherjee Ankita , Pal Indranil , Kumar Saumitra , Halder Mrityunjoy , Singh Ritesh 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Manipulation of the thyroid gland leads to alteration of thyroid hormones levels. As palpation is the commonest form of manipulation during clinical examination of thyroid gland, its effect has been studied here.
Objective: As various factors influence the serum thyroid hormone levels, our aim was to find out whether palpation of thyroid gland during clinical examination altered its levels or not.
Methods: The blood samples of 89 (85 females ;4 males) patients were collected twice after a gap of 120 minutes following palpation of the gland in the test group and without palpation in the comparison group by the same examiner and at fixed hours to estimate Free Thyroxine (FT4), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels.
Results: Serum FT4 level decreased significantly (p<0.05) 2 hours after palpation only in euthyroid patients but hypothyroid or hyperthyroid patients had no significant (p>0.05) change in the serum thyroid hormone levels.
Conclusion: There is statistically significant fall in serum FT4 levels 2 hours after palpation of thyroid gland among euthyroid subjects which is very small to alter the clinical picture.
Prevalence and Determinants of Punctal Occlusion at Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic at Tanta University Hospital
Authors: Mohamed Eman Mostafa Ahmed , Awara Amr Mahmoud , Eldsouky Mohamed Ashraf , Shalaby Osama Elsaid 
Published: August 2022

Background: Along with canalicular or nasolacrimal duct blockage, punctum stenosis is one of the most common causes of epiphora. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of punctal occlusion outlining their presentation varieties and etiological factors.
Methods: This cross-section observational study conducted on 50 patient suffering from epiphora. Patients were divided into two groups: single cause(N=19) and combination of causes (N=31). Every patient underwent: taking of the history, examination (examination of the eyelids, lid closure and lagophthalmos), evaluation of the punctum (by usage slit light for visibility, appearance and the occurrence of inflammation or oedema). Schirmer, I test used for ocular surface examination.
Results: Occlusion was significantly higher in single cause than combination of causes while stenosis was significantly lower in single cause than combination of causes groups. Grades of stenosis were significantly different between the two groups. Schirmer test, lower tear meniscus height, and side of lesion were insignificantly different between study groups.
Conclusions: Punctal stenosis was an extremely frequent finding in individuals suffering from epiphora. Age tended to augment the prevalence of punctal stenosis, and many patients accompanied by post-cataract surgery combined with blepharitis then topical anti-glaucoma eye drops with recurrent conjunctivitis were most common association with punctal stenosis patients who had combination of causes.
Assessment of in vitro Quality Tests of Paracetamol Brands 500mg in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Hira , Ali Muhammad , Ahmad Salman Ashfaq , Humayoon Rabia , Ahmed Khwaja Zafar , Hassan Hafiz Sohaib 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to perform the quality assessment of three different brands of Paracetamol tablets (500 mg) available in local market of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: Several pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial tests were applied on selected brands coded as P1, P2 and P3, respectively. A sample of (n = 20) tablets from each coded brand were subjected to pharmacopeial tests such as weight variation, friability, disintegration, assay and dissolution and non- pharmacopeial tests such as hardness, diameter and thickness. Dissolution data were subjected to model dependent and model independent kinetic approaches using Dissolution Data solver.
Results: The Average weight in mg, hardness in kg , thickness and diameter in mm of (n=20) tablets of brands P1, P2, and P3 were noted and their standard deviation were calculated which were found to be 520.625mg (± 0.49 mg), 519.53 mg (± 0.472 mg) and 521.20 mg (±0.494mg),7.25(±0.45kg), 7.48(±0.29kg) and 6.64(±0.11kg), 4.3(±0.15mm), 3.2(±0.15mm), 3.2(±0.11mm) and 12.2(±0.13mm), 12.4(±0.14mm) and 12.6(±0.15mm). Friability of selected brands were found to be 0.37%, 0.41% and 0.26%. Disintegration time were found to be 2minutes26seconds, 2minutes56seconds and 1minute 54 seconds. Percentage Assay of (n=20) tablets of selected brands were found to be as P1= 98.97(± 0.02%), P2= 99.96(± 0.03%) and P3= 99.91(±0.02%). Dissolution were performed at multiple point intervals such as 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 45 min. At 45 minutes the percentage of drug release for P1, P2 and P3 were found to be 98.7%, 99.8% and 98.9%. For the determination of model independent approaches brand P2 were selected as reference formulation. Similarity factor (f2), dissimilarity factor (f1) for brand P1, and P3 were found to be 73.5, 5 and 79.5, 3. All selected brands were subjected to model dependent approaches. In this study all tablets of selected brands P1, P2 and P3 followed First order and weibull model as the r2 values for first order were (0.9897), (0.9893) and (0.9837) and for weibull model r2 values were found to be (0.9937), (0.9953) and (0.9915).
Conclusion: In this study successful application of Pharmacopeial and non Pharmacopeial tests on three different selected brands in Karachi, Pakistan were carried out however further work is recommended on large sample. Results were found to be in limit in accordance to the United States Pharmacopeia. Invitro multiple points interval dissolution studies were conducted at phosphate buffer pH 5.8 the data were subjected to several kinetic models by the application of Dissolution Data (DD solver) an add in program in Excel to determine release kinetics. Study demonstrated that all selected brands of Paracetamol 500 mg tablets followed first order kinetics and weibull model.
Analysis of 74 Open Globe Injuries Requiring Vitreo-Retinal Intervention and Its Correlation with Ocular Trauma Score
Authors: A. Gadre Girish , Bulchandani Prashant 
Published: August 2022

Aim: Retrospective study of 74 eyes with open globe injuries requiring V-R Intervention & its correlation with ocular trauma score.
Results: Commonest cause of injury: Hammer-chisel/stone in 32.43% (24) & Thorn/wooden stick 27% (20). Average age-30.5yrs. Average interval between trauma & intervention was -10.04days (4hrs – 52days).
Discussion: Delay of presentation to ophthalmologist has lot of significance,high incidence of endophthalmitis & retinal detachment compared to other studies. Surgical outcome shows lower incidence of NO Light Perception & Significant reduction in number of cases with </=HM. Patients had better prognosis & visual outcome, higher incidence of 1/200- 20/50; 35.14% cases with >20/200. 60% of our cases had traumatic cataract, visual acuity may be underestimated in traumatic cataract. Faulty Projection of rays probably would be better criteria than RAPD. Extension of wound beyond pars plana, and aniridia (6.7%) are important risk factor.
Conclusion: Modification of raw points is recommended in OTS criteria in Indian scenario.
Remote Detection and Monitoring of Plant Traits: Theory and Practice
Authors: Angel Yoseline , Shiklomanov Alexey N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A means for tracking global plant biodiversity and understanding ecological processes is to identify general functioning principles and quantify underpinning common traits across species. Cumulative knowledge from applied spectroscopy in plant functioning has demonstrated the use of hyperspectral remote sensing in quantifying leaf and canopy biochemical and physiological traits. This article aims to provide an overview of the existing theory, research, and applications of remote sensing of plant functioning traits and wraps up future directions and challenges for ecologists and remote sensing users in assessing global biodiversity and ecological functions. It covers the physics, chemistry, and physiological ecology underlying the relationships between leaf and canopy optical properties with functional traits. Within the scope of the article, descriptions and commonly used physical and empirical trait retrieval approaches are included for both leaf and canopy scales. The last section considers the advancing of retrieving frameworks through emerging hyperspectral remote sensing technology and data‐driven analytics. The article concludes by calling for a greater infusion of biological and ecological principles into remote trait retrieval techniques to ultimately improve understanding of ecosystem function and dynamics across different spatial and temporal scenarios.