bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case‐control and seven‐year longitudinal neurocognitive study of adults with sickle cell disease in Ghana
Authors: Ampomah Mary A. , Drake Jermon A. , Anum Adote , Amponsah Benjamin , Dei‐Adomakoh Yvonne , Anie Kofi , Mate‐Kole Christopher C. , Jonassaint Charles R. , Kirkham Fenella J. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAgeing in sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a myriad of end‐organ complications, including cerebrovascular damage and cognitive impairment (CI). Although CI is very common in SCD, little is known about cognitive functioning and how it changes with age. This study examines cognitive patterns of 63 adults with SCD and 60 non‐SCD, age‐ and education‐matched controls in Ghana. Of those adults with SCD, 34 completed the neuropsychological battery at baseline and again seven years later. In cross‐sectional data, adults with SCD performed worse than controls in all cognitive test domains (p < 0.01 for all). The seven‐year follow‐up data showed that the group exhibited a significant decline in visuospatial abilities (ranging from Cohen's d = 1.40 to 2.38), and to a lesser extent, in processing speed and executive functioning. Exploratory analyses showed a significant time‐by‐education interaction, indicating that education may be protective from decline in cognitive performance. These findings have implications for clinical practice. Early neuropsychological surveillance coupled with early assessment and remedial programmes will provide avenues for enhancing the quality of life of adults living with SCD in Ghana.
Permitting immoral behaviour: A generalized compensation belief hypothesis
Authors: Wang Xijing , Chen Zhansheng , Van Tongeren Daryl R. , DeWall C. Nathan , Yang Fan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen are we more likely to permit immoral behaviours? The current research examined a generalized compensation belief hypothesis that individuals, as observers, would morally tolerate and accept someone paying forward unfair treatment to an innocent person as a means to compensate for the perpetrator's previously experienced mistreatment. Across five experiments (N = 1107) based on economic games (Studies 1–4) and diverse real‐life scenarios (Study 5), we showed that participants, as observing third parties, were more likely to morally permit and engage in the same negative act once they knew about previous maltreatment of the perpetrator. This belief occurred even when the content of received and paid‐forward maltreatment was non‐identical (Study 2), when the negative treatment was received from a non‐human target (Study 3) and when the maltreatment was intangible (e.g. material loss) or relational (e.g. social exclusion; Study 5). Perceived required compensation mediated the effect of previous maltreatment on moral permission (Studies 4 and 5). The results consistently suggest that people's moral permission of immoral behaviours is influenced by perpetrator's previous mistreatment, contributing to a better understanding of the nature and nuances of our sense of fairness and contextualized moral judgement.
A nationwide skin protection program introduced in hairdressing vocational schools was followed by a decreased risk of occupational hand eczema
Authors: Havmose Martin , Uter Wolfgang , Gefeller Olaf , Friis Ulrik F. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCompliance with glove use and safe work practices are important factors in primary prevention of occupational hand eczema (OHE) in hairdressers.ObjectiveTo assess the risk OHE and compliance with skin protective measures in hairdressers trained before and after implementation of a nationwide skin protection program in Danish hairdressing vocational schools in 2011.MethodsA repeated cross‐sectional study was performed. A questionnaire was sent in 2009 and 2020. The Danish Labour Market Supplementary Pension Scheme provided information on yearly payments from the hairdressing profession.ResultsA response rate of 66.6% (305/460) was obtained in the 2009 survey and of 29.9% (363/1215) in the 2020 survey. The career time prevalence of OHE decreased from 42.8% to 29.0% (adjusted odds ratio 0.55 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40‐0.77) and the incidence rate of OHE decreased from 57.5 (95%CI 48.4‐68.4) to 42.0 (95%CI 34.6‐50.9) per 1000 person years (incidence rate ratio 0.73 [95%CI 0.56‐0.95] between the two surveys). A statistically significant (P < .05) increase in glove use when doing wet‐work and when handling hair dyes, permanent wave solutions and bleaching products was observed in the 2020 compared to the 2009 survey.ConclusionOur data suggest that skin protection training during apprenticeship reduces the risk of OHE in hairdressers. The lack of primary prevention of OHE in hairdressing vocational schools may be a missed opportunity in the prevention of the disease.
The effect of care receivers' dysphagia severity on caregiver burden among family caregivers
Authors: Suzuki Mizue , Kimura Yosuke , Otobe Yuhei , Koyama Shingo , Terao Yusuke , Kojima Iwao , Masuda Hiroaki , Tanaka Shu , Yamada Minoru 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionDysphagia has received much attention as a factor that affects caregiver burden. However, few studies have examined how its severity can affect caregiver burden. This study aimed to examine the effect of dysphagia severity on caregiver burden.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was carried out among family caregivers. We assessed caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Interview. The dysphagia severity was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale, and the caregivers were divided into three groups based on care receivers' oral intake status (levels 1–3: tube‐feeding group; levels 4–6: texture‐modified food group; level 7: normal group). To investigate the relationship between caregiver burden and dysphagia severity, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to caregiver burden.ResultsThe Zarit Burden Interview was significantly higher in the texture‐modified food group, and the proportions of high caregiver burden reached 25.2%, 39.5% and 23.4% in the normal group, texture‐modified food group and tube‐feeding group, respectively. The multivariable analyses applied to caregiver burden (reference, normal group) showed that the texture‐modified food group was significantly associated with caregiver burden (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04–2.32), whereas the tube‐feeding group had no relationship with caregiver burden (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.31–1.49).ConclusionsOur study showed that the intake of texture‐modified food significantly affected caregiver burden even after adjusting for confounding factors, whereas the use of tube feeding did not increase caregiver burden. These results suggest that it is necessary to consider dysphagia severity to reduce dysphagia‐related caregiver burden. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 870–875.
Informal networks as investment: A qualitative analysis from Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Baez‐Camargo Claudia , Costa Jacopo , Koechlin Lucy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper interprets informal networks as investments made by citizens and business people to cope with the public sphere. Informal networks often orchestrate corruption, connecting public and private actors. The paper aims to understand their key characteristics, scopes, and functional roles. Ten mini case studies from Tanzania and Uganda are studied. The research applies narrative analysis to explore the experiences of citizens, entrepreneurs, and low‐level public officials, who built informal networks as a problem‐solving mechanism. It uses a grounded theory approach. The findings serve as working hypotheses about variables and patterns emerging from the bottom‐up analysis. The paper outlines: (a) whether there are distinct types of informal networks associated with particular types of corruption; (b) how, why and by whom these networks are built; (c) whether different individuals play specific roles; (d) the unwritten expectations and norms that govern such networks. The results highlight critical implications for anti‐corruption practice, showing, for example, how this can be strengthened by shifting the intervention unit from individuals to networks.
Physical activity pattern and migraine according to aura symptoms in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) cohort: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Oliveira Arão Belitardo , Peres Mario Fernando Prieto , Mercante Juliane Prieto Peres , Molina Maria del Carmen B. , Lotufo Paulo A. , Benseñor Isabela M. , Goulart Alessandra C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the associations of physical activity (PA) levels with migraine subtypes.BackgroundPhysical activity has been associated with reduced migraine prevalence, but less is known about its relationship with migraine subtypes and PA levels as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil), we estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO), compared to participants without headaches, according to PA levels in the leisure time (LTPA), commuting time (CPA), and combined PA domains.ResultsIn total, 2773 participants provided complete data, 1556/2773 (56.1%) were women, mean (SD) age of 52.3 (9.1) years. In this study's sample, 1370/2773 (49.4%) participants had overall migraine, 480/2773 (17.3%) had MA, and 890/2773 (32.0%) had MO. In the LTPA domain, there were reduced odds of MA (OR 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.96; p = 0.030) and MO (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.90; p = 0.005) in participants who met the WHO PA guidelines after adjustment for confounder variables. In the analyses stratified by intensity, moderate LTPA was associated with reduced odds of MA (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.320–0.99; p = 0.049), while vigorous LTPA was associated with reduced odds of MO (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.395–0.77; p = 0.001). There were no significant associations between migraine subtypes and CPA or combined PA domains. In the whole migraine sample, meeting the WHO PA guidelines in the LTPA (OR 0.275, 95% CI 0.083–0.90; p = 0.034), CPA (OR 0.194, 95% CI 0.064–0.58; p = 0.004), and combined domains (OR 0.115, 95% CI 0.032–0.41; p = 0.001) was associated with reduced odds of daily migraine attack frequency.ConclusionsMeeting the WHO PA guidelines for LTPA, but not CPA or combined PA domains, is associated with lower migraine occurrence. Moderate LTPA favors MA reduction, while vigorous LTPA favors MO reduction.
Cutaneous lymphomas in African American/Black patients: pitfalls and presentations
Authors: Flaum‐Dunoyer Pauline , Noor Sarah J. , Myskowski Patricia L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review describes and highlights differences in clinical presentations of cutaneous lymphomas (CLs), particularly in darker skin types, i.e., Skin of Color (SOC). We illustrate differences in clinical features on physical exam that can be a diagnostic challenge and suggest ways to recognize and identify these conditions at an early stage through a high level of suspicion. The review includes a summary of the epidemiology of various CLs, specifically highlighting the presentation and incidence in African American/Black patients, where the data are available. We also include a discussion of adult HTLV‐1‐associated T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) which, although a systemic T‐cell lymphoma, may present with skin manifestations and mimic MF, other CTCL subtypes, or other inflammatory dermatoses. Finally, this review highlights the possible use of imaging modalities, such as dermoscopy and reflectance‐confocal microscopy, in diagnosing and recognizing cutaneous lymphomas in patients with darker skin types.
Discrimination meets interculturalism in theory, policy and practice
Authors: Hellgren Zenia , Zapata‐Barrero Ricard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiscrimination of immigrants and racialized minorities as the Roma is increasing in Europe and elsewhere in the world. Different policy approaches to diversity management tackle this issue differently, both in terms of recognizing ethnic discrimination as a key obstacle to integration and in terms of defining the ideal forms of conviviality in superdiverse societies. In this special issue, we focus on interculturalism as a policy approach to diversity management that is applied mainly at the city level in numerous countries. It is expected to foster social cohesion and counteract racism and discrimination of immigrants and ethnic minorities, which makes anti‐discrimination a central part of its DNA. However, policies and measures to efficiently address ethnic/racial discrimination and the inequalities it produces have not been salient within the intercultural framework. This article, which defines the conceptual framework of the special issue, focuses on the ways in which discrimination and interculturalism are closely linked. We argue that discrimination is a central factor hindering the egalitarian forms of contact between people of diverse origins that are fundamental for the intercultural ideals of positive interethnic conviviality.
News reporting of suicide in nurses: A content analysis study
Authors: Groves Samantha , Hawley Monica , Lascelles Karen Moya , Hawton Keith 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMedia impact on suicide is well‐established. Groups at heightened risk of suicide, such as nurses, may be particularly influenced by poor news reporting. This study aimed to examine UK newspaper reporting of suicide of nurses and student nurses, including during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Print and online newspaper reports about suicide in nurses (including students) published in the UK between January 2018 and August 2021 were obtained and data extracted for analysis in collaboration with Samaritans' media advisory team. Content and quality of newspaper reports were examined using a content analysis approach. The study was compliant with the STROBE checklist. Nurse or student nurse suicides were reported in 134 articles, including 50 individual suicides. Most articles were acceptable against Samaritans' media guidelines. However, common problems included absence of signposting to support organizations and lack of suicide prevention messages. A minority of articles included methods of suicide within article headlines (18, 13.4%) and sensationalist or romanticizing language (14, 10.7%). Most contained occupation‐related content. Many named the individual's specific hospital or university and a substantial proportion included occupation‐related images. Working on the frontline was the most reported link between COVID‐19 and nurse suicide. While reporting on suicide among nurses and students was largely acceptable, quality of reporting was variable. Occupation was often discussed, and most articles published during COVID‐19 linked suicide to the pandemic. The research findings can help shape guidance on reporting of suicide in specific professions and occupations, including nursing, to encourage responsible reporting and reduce inadvertent promotion of suicide.
Lessons learned from clinical course design in the pandemic: Pedagogical implications from a qualitative analysis
Authors: Thirsk Lorraine M. , Stahlke Sarah , Bryan Venise , Dewart Georgia , Corcoran Lynn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to examine clinical pedagogy based on experiences of changes and adaptations to clinical courses that occurred in nursing education during the pandemic. Beyond learning how to manage nursing education during a pandemic or other crisis, we uncover the lessons to be learned for overall improvement of nursing education.DesignQualitative descriptive analysis using semi‐structured interview data with baccalaureate nursing students.MethodsData were collected in the spring of 2021 using semi‐structured interview with 15 participants. Transcribed text was analysed using thematic content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to guide our reporting.ResultsThree themes were identified related to course design in clinical courses for nursing students: the role and limitations of simulation, competency evaluations and career implications. Students expressed some concern over not ‘finishing hours’, loss of in‐person clinical experiences and their reduced exposure to different clinical settings.ConclusionTo prepare work‐ready nurses, educators need to keep in mind the trends, issues and demands of future healthcare systems. Simulation may have been a temporary measure to achieve clinical competence during the pandemic but needs to be of high‐quality and cannot meet all the expected learning outcomes of clinical courses. Exposure to different patients, families and communities will ensure that the future nursing workforce has experience, socialization, competence, and desire to work in various clinical settings. Competency evaluation similarly needs to be robust and objective and consider the role and perception of hours completed.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution. Participants were nursing students.
Adolescent sleep quality and quantity and educational attainment: a test of multiple mechanisms using sibling difference models
Authors: Kim Jinho , Park Gum‐Ryeong , Sutin Angelina R. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine whether and how sleep quality and quantity during adolescence are related to educational attainment in adulthood. This study also investigates whether this relationship varies by gender.MethodsUsing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the present study employed a sibling fixed effect approach that takes into account unobserved family background factors such as genetics and social environments. Gender‐stratified analyses were conducted to consider the potential gendered relationship between adolescent sleep and educational attainment.ResultsControlling for unobserved family‐level heterogeneity attenuated the associations between adolescent sleep characteristics and educational attainment, albeit in different ways for boys and girls. Gender‐stratified models suggest that, for boys, only the association between short sleep duration and educational attainment was robust to adjustment for sibling fixed effects. In contrast, for girls, among three sleep quality measures, only trouble falling or staying asleep remained significantly associated with educational attainment even after controlling for unobserved family heterogeneity. Sibling fixed effects estimates suggest that short sleep duration (6 or fewer hours per night) was negatively associated with years of schooling only among boys (b = −0.443), whereas trouble falling or staying asleep was associated with a reduction in years of schooling only among girls (b = −0.556). The mechanisms underlying the observed associations also differed by gender. For boys, the association between short sleep duration and educational attainment was partially explained by a combination of educational, social, and psychological factors. Only intermediate educational factors explained part of the association between trouble falling or staying asleep and educational attachment among girls.ConclusionsThe study's finding that the relationship between adolescent sleep characteristics and educational attainment and the mechanisms underlying this relationship differ by gender calls attention to the need for gender‐specific interventions.
Mapping exercise and status update of eight established registries within the TREatment of ATopic eczema Registry Taskforce
Authors: Bosma Angela L. , Musters Annelie H. , Bloem Manja , Gerbens Louise A. A. , Middelkamp‐Hup Maritza A. , Haufe Eva , Schmitt Jochen , Barbarot Sebastien , Seneschal Julien , Staumont‐Sallé Delphine , Johansson Emma K. , Bradley Maria , von Kobyletzki Laura B. , Vittrup Ida , Frier Ruge Iben , Thyssen Jacob P. , Vestergaard Christian , de Vega Marina , García‐Doval Ignacio , Chiricozzi Andrea , Stingeni Luca , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , Ardern‐Jones Michael R. , Reynolds Nick J. , Flohr Carsten , Spuls Phyllis I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe TREatment of ATopic eczema (TREAT) Registry Taskforce is a collaborative international network of registries collecting data of atopic eczema (AE) patients receiving systemic and phototherapy with the common goal to provide long‐term real‐world data on the effectiveness, safety and cost‐effectiveness of therapies. A core dataset, consisting of domains and domain items with corresponding measurement instruments, has been developed to harmonize data collection.ObjectivesWe aimed to give an overview of the status and characteristics of the eight established TREAT registries, and to perform a mapping exercise to examine the degree of overlap and pooling ability between the national registry datasets. This will allow us to determine which research questions can be answered in the future by pooling data.MethodsAll eight registries were asked to share their dataset and information on the current status and characteristics. The overlap between the core dataset and each registry dataset was identified (according to the domains, domain items and measurement instruments of the TREAT core dataset).Results and conclusionsA total of 4702 participants have been recruited in the eight registries as of 1st of May 2022. Of the 69 core dataset domain items, data pooling was possible for 69 domain item outcomes in TREAT NL (the Netherlands), 61 items in A‐STAR (UK and Ireland), 38 items in TREATgermany (Germany), 36 items in FIRST (France), 33 items in AtopyReg (Italy), 29 items in Biobadatop (Spain), 28 items in SCRATCH (Denmark) and 20 items in SwedAD (Sweden). Pooled analyses across all registries can be performed on multiple important domain items, covering the main aims of analysing data on the (cost‐)effectiveness and safety of AE therapies. These results will facilitate future comparative or joint analyses.
Breast cancer genetic mutation: Synthesis of women's experience
Authors: McNamara Nichola , Feeney Meghan , Giltenane Martina , Dowling Maura 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo systematically identify and synthesise the experiences reported by women with a breast cancer mutation who do not have cancer as reported in qualitative research published between 2013 and 2020.BackgroundWomen carrying a BReast CAncer (BRC) genetic mutation have an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. They must engage in emotional decision‐making regarding risk management strategies to prevent cancer, including risk‐reducing bilateral mastectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy.Design and MethodsThe ENTREQ statement guided this review. Eight databases were systematically searched (CINAHL, Pubmed, Embase, Psychinfo [Ovid], Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest and Lenus). Synthesis was guided by “best fit” framework. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme guided assessment of methodological limitations and confidence in the review findings was informed by GRADE‐CERQual.ResultsTwenty studies met the inclusion criteria for synthesis. Six themes were synthesised from the included studies (anxiety; family planning; it's a family affair; empowerment; actions; pragmatic adjustments).ConclusionsThe multidimensional experiences of women living with a BRCA1/2 mutation require an individualised response based on women's needs at their life stages. A decision coaching model adopted during consultations could support women to guide decision‐making regarding cancer risk‐reducing strategies.