bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Effectiveness of Bupivacaine Administration through Chest Tube and Intercostal Blockage in Patients with Rib Fractures
Authors: Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad , Kolahdouzan Mohsen , Pourazari Pezhman , Yazdani Emad 
Published: August 2022

Background:
There are several methods to control pain, especially in traumatic patients with rib fractures. Intrapleural analgesia (IPA) and intercostal block methods are recommended in patients with rib fractures to control pain. Here, we aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of IPA and intercostal block on patients’ clinical conditions.

Materials and Methods:
This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020–2021 on thirty traumatic patients with rib fractures. We collected the results of arterial blood gas in all patients before interventions including HCO3, pH, pO2, and pCO2 and also evaluated pain of patients. The first group underwent intercostal blockade with standard method with bupivacaine, and for the second group of patients, a chest tube was implanted. Patients were monitored for up to 12 h for pain intensity and need for analgesics.

Results:
The mean levels of HCO3 decreased in both groups after the interventions, and this decrease was more significant in patients in the intercostal blockade group (P < 0.05). The mean levels of pO2 increased in both groups after interventions, especially in patients in the intercostal blockade group (P < 0.05). The mean pCO2 levels also decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). The mean pain intensity in both groups decreased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.05) and also the mean pain intensity in the intercostal blocking group decreased significantly more than the group treated with chest tube (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Intercostal blockade through bupivacaine is more effective than chest tube administration of bupivacaine in patients with rib fractures.
Development of a quality assurance system in radiation oncology: A 12-year experience in a University Hospital
Authors: Nobnop Wannapha , Lorvidhaya Vicharn , Wanwilairat Somsak , Watcharawipha Anirut , Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Onchan Wimrak , Chakrabandhu Somvilai , Klunklin Pitchayaponne , Jia-Mahasap Bongkot , Muangwong Pooriwat , Chitapanarux Imjai 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
This study aimed to report 12 years of experience in the development of a quality assurance system in radiation oncology in a university hospital.

Material and Methods:
We developed the Quality Assurance Program in Radiation Oncology (QUAPRO) in 2008 to detect treatment deviation in the radiotherapy (RT) process with three steps of near-miss detection: simulation and prescription (primary check, PC), treatment planning (secondary check, SC), and treatment delivery process (tertiary check, TC). We transferred our paper-based medical records to electronic-based radiotherapy information systems (RTISs) in 2013. QUAPRO was completely integrated into RTIS in 2017. Since then, electronic-based incident reporting has been conducted. The program is called the Radiation Incident Learning System (RILS). The near-miss rates were compared during the three time periods: 2008–2012, 2013–2017, and 2017–2020.

Results:
Five years of paper-based QUAPRO for 2008–2012 demonstrated a fluctuation in the checking ratio, with a gradually increasing rate of near misses of 3.5–19.7%. After electronic-based medical records were developed in 2013, the results revealed a dramatic increase from a rate of 2.7 to 4.2 in the number of checks per patient and achieved an increased rate of near misses of 24.7% for PC, SC, and TC. The rate of near misses gradually decreased to 5.3% after 2017 because of RT workflow improvement.

Conclusion:
The analysis of 12 years in near-miss data reflected the effectiveness of our quality assurance program. The QUAPRO system can detect near-miss incidents in the whole RT workflow and illustrate the detection improvement when integrated into electronic-based medical records. Regular feedback and exploration of near-miss reporting are recommended for proper RT workflow improvement.
Self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life of women with periodontal disease – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shamim Rohina , Nayak Rashmita , Satpathy Anurag , Mohanty Rinkee , Pattnaik Naina 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of periodontal disease on self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in women.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 522 women (mean age − 38.92 ± 14.3 years). Oral hygiene status, plaque level, gingival inflammation, probing depth, and periodontal status were assessed. The self-esteem was assessed using a Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the OHRQoL was measured using a 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire.

Results:
Younger, employed women with higher income had significantly better OHRQoL and self-esteem. Women with healthy periodontium had better OHRQoL. Probing depth and community periodontal index scores were found to have a significant positive correlation with most of the sub-scale items and total OHIP-14 score in women with low self-esteem. Women with good OHRQoL and normal self-esteem were seen to be maintaining significantly better oral hygiene. No such statistically significant difference was observed in women with low self-esteem. Multiple regression analysis for the prediction of OHIP-14 score indicated that the best model included probing depth as the only statistically significant predictor (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Periodontal disease has a significant negative impact on self-esteem and OHRQoL in women.
Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in umbilical cord blood of new-born and in subgingival plaque of pregnant participants with periodontal disease and its association with pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Savitha J. N. , Bhavya B. , Yadalam Umesh , Khan Safiya Fatima 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Preterm low birth weight (PLBW) is one of the causes of infant mortality and morbidity. Most of the studies have indicated the periodontal-systemic interlink. The association of periodontal pathogen on pregnancy outcome still stands inconclusive. The aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in umbilical cord blood of new-born infant and correlate the same pathogen in subgingival plaque of pregnant women and to determine the adverse pregnancy outcomes and also to determine the correlation between periodontitis and the association of P. gingivalis in preterm birth/low birth.

Materials and Methods:
The present study included 130 pregnant participants in their full-term and preterm delivery with periodontitis. Periodontal disease was diagnosed clinically using gingival index, pocket depth, plaque index, and clinical attachment level. Umbilical cord blood samples and plaque samples collected using Gracey curette were subjected to culture for the detection of P. gingivalis. The results were subjected to the statistical analysis using the SPSS software.

Results:
The comparison of P. gingivalis in umbilical cord blood and plaque between preterm and full-term group was found to be significantly increased in preterm group. A statistically significant difference was also seen for the clinical parameters between the two groups, with increased values seen in case of preterm labor. Odd's ratio on the comparison of prevalence of periodontitis among full term and preterm group was statistically significant in preterm birth as compared with full-term birth.

Conclusion:
The study results showed statistically significant association of P. gingivalis with PLBW. Periodontal disease significantly affects the adverse pregnancy outcome.
Comparative evaluation of nutmeg mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash on halitosis and plaque control
Authors: Padol Monika Vasantrao , Vishwakarma Prashanth , Dodamani Arun Suresh , Gore Anup Wamanrao , Chachlani Karina Shyamlal , Kharkar Shradha Pramod 
Published: August 2022

Background:

Myristica fragrans, commonly known as nutmeg, has been shown to have many medicinal properties including reduction of plaque and oral halitosis. In the present study, a mouthwash was prepared from nutmeg oil to compare its effectiveness with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate mouthwash on halitosis and plaque control.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 participants having plaque and plaque-induced oral halitosis were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups as Group A (30) and Group B (30). Nutmeg and 0.2% CHX gluconate mouthwash were administered in Group A and Group B, respectively, for 21 days twice daily. Plaque index and organoleptic score were recorded at baseline, 14th day, and 21st day. The data were collected, tabulated in Microsoft Excel Sheet, and subjected to statistical analysis using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
The percentage of change in plaque score between baseline and 14th day was 12.3% and 9.44% (P = 0.741), between baseline and 21st day 39.2% and 39.4% (P = 0.889), and between 14th and 21st day 27.7% and 29.9% (P = 0.805) for Group A and Group B, respectively, while the percentage of change in halitosis score between baseline and 14th day was 24.7% and 16.3% (P = 0.201), between baseline and 21st day 54.5% and 56.3% (P = 0.487), and between 14th and 21st day 34.9% and 40.0% (P = 0.393) for Group A and Group B, respectively.

Conclusion:
Nutmeg mouthwash is organic, economical, and equally effective as compared to 0.2% CHX gluconate mouthwash (Clinical Trials Registry-India/2020/10/028540).
Transcutaneous Osseointegration for Oncologic Amputees with and Without Radiation Therapy
Authors: Hoellwarth Jason Shih , Tetsworth Kevin , Akhtar Muhammad Adeel , Oomatia Atiya , Al Muderis Munjed 
Published: August 2022

Context:
Transcutaneous osseointegration for amputees (TOFA) consistently confers significant improvement in mobility and quality of life (QOL) for amputees using a traditional socket prosthesis. Limb radiation therapy (XRT) Has traditionally been considered hard contraindication against TOFA but has never actually been examined.

Aims:
This study evaluated the changes in mobility and QOL, and also the complications, for oncologic amputees provided TOFA: 9 with XRT, and 23 with no radiation therapy (NRT).

Settings and Design:
A retrospective registry review of all oncologic amputees was performed.

Subjects and Methods:
The patients' mobility (daily prosthesis wear hours, K-level, Timed Up and Go, and 6-min walk test [6MWT]) and QOL survey data (Questionnaire for Persons with a Transfemoral Amputation) were compared before TOFA and at the latest follow-up.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Fisher's exact test for frequencies, and Student's t-test for means (significance, P < 0.05).

Results:
Regarding mobility, the cohorts were similar to one another before and after TOFA, and both cohorts improved following osseointegration (statistically significant: XRT wear hours [P = 0.029], NRT K-level [P < 0.001], and NRT 6MWT [P = 0.046]). Both cohorts' QOL was also similar before and after TOFA, and both cohorts again improved following osseointegration (significant differences: XRT problem score [P = 0.021], NRT problem score [P < 0.001], and NRT global score [P < 0.001]). Three XRT patients (33%) and one NRT patient (4%) required removal (P = 0.048).

Conclusions:
While radiation therapy may be associated with increased risk of postoperative implant loosening, it seems unjustifiable to flatly contraindicate osseointegration for oncologic amputees solely because of prior limb irradiation.
Weight Pruning-UNet
Authors: Rao Patike Kiran , Chatterjee Subarna , Sharma Sreedhar 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Accurate semantic segmentation of kidney tumors in computed tomography (CT) images is difficult because tumors feature varied forms and occasionally, look alike. The KiTs19 challenge sets the groundwork for future advances in kidney tumor segmentation.

Methods:
We present weight pruning (WP)-UNet, a deep network model that is lightweight with a small scale; it involves few parameters with a quick assumption time and a low floating-point computational complexity.

Results:
We trained and evaluated the model with CT images from 210 patients. The findings implied the dominance of our method on the training Dice score (0.98) for the kidney tumor region. The proposed model only uses 1,297,441 parameters and 7.2e floating-point operations, three times lower than those for other network models.

Conclusions:
The results confirm that the proposed architecture is smaller than that of UNet, involves less computational complexity, and yields good accuracy, indicating its potential applicability in kidney tumor imaging.
Accidental Pathological Findings in Asymptomatic Maxillary Sinuses in Patients Referred for Head and Neck Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Chandran Ajay , Patil Manisha B. , Nachiappan S. , Panwar Pratyaksha Singh , Nagarajappa Anil Kumar , Kolte Deepak R. , Babu J. Suresh , Swarnalatha C. , Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence of accidental pathological findings in asymptomatic maxillary sinuses in patients referred for head and neck cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination for varied reasons.

Methods:
The present cross-sectional study included a detailed analysis of CBCT scans of 150 patients aged between 18 and 70 years reporting for varied dental complaints for detecting accidental pathological findings in maxillary sinuses while the patients did not have any complaint pertaining to sinuses.

Results:
The findings of the present study revealed 58% patients to have pathological findings in maxillary sinuses while they were asymptomatic for sinuses. Furthermore, the prevalence of mucosal thickening was found in 29.3% of the patients while 36.7% patients presented with polypoidal mucosal thickening.

Conclusion:
Higher prevalence of pathologies in asymptomatic maxillary sinuses found in the present study emphasized significance of a thorough examination of routine dental patients by dento-maxillofacial radiologists with necessary investigations to be advised in the form of higher imaging modalities like CBCT, if necessary.
Diagnostic Value of Ultrasonographic Portal Venous Index in the Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Soyebi Kofo O. , Agboola Ajibola S. , Oyeleke Ganiyat K. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Delayed intervention in chronic viral hepatitis results in progression to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Determining the degree of liver fibrosis is invaluable in the initiation of clinical interventions, prevention of progression, and prognostication of end-stage liver disease. Considering the risks of liver biopsy (the standard for assessing fibrosis), safer methods are necessitated.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of ultrasonographic Portal Venous Index (PVI) in assessing liver fibrosis.

Subjects and Methods:
Doppler Ultrasonography-determined Aspartate-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) Score.

Results:
The mean age for the subjects was 35.79 ± 10.75 years and controls was 36.51 ± 11.31 years. They were sex matched. HBV was more common, with a 99:3 HBV: HCV ratio. HBV immunization compliance in both the groups was poor. The median PVI of the subjects and controls was 0.36 and 0.42, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.025). There was no significant difference in median PVI between subjects with and without significant fibrosis as determined by APRI score. There was an inverse but moderate correlation between PVI and APRI score (r = −0.57, P= 0.569). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.524 (95% confidence interval: 0.36–0.69). The cutoff for PVI was 0.34 with a sensitivity of 57.1% and a specificity of 57.4%.

Conclusion:
PVI is useful in distinguishing healthy individuals from virus-induced chronic liver diseases but could not adequately determine the degree of liver fibrosis.
The Role of Computed Tomography in the Management of Patients with Suspected COVID-19 – A Nigerian Study
Authors: Ajiboye Olubukola Khadija , Ayeni Ohiole , Katibi Oludolapo Sherifat , Umar Ummi Musa , Osuoji Chiedozie , Agboola Said Ajibola , Ogedegbe Evelyn , Ogedegbe Felix 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is a useful diagnostic adjunct in the management of COVID-19. It has proven useful in areas where ready access to real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not readily available.

Objectives:
This study sought to evaluate the chest CT findings of patients suspected with having COVID-19 on presenting at the emergency room.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study done in Cedarcrest Hospitals, Abuja, with patient information pooled from patients' electronic medical records from April to December 2020. Patients were selected based on suspicion of COVID-19 infection. Suspicion was stratified into high, moderate, and low using an in-house clinical suspicion score called the Cedarcrest Emergency COVID-19 Risk Assessment Tool. Patients with background pulmonary pathology or chest trauma were excluded. Plain chest CT scans were performed to evaluate for COVID-19 pneumonia.

Results:
CT imaging increased the clinical suspicion of COVID-19. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the positive CT findings and the PCR results.

Conclusion:
Chest CT should be correlated with clinical findings and laboratory results for patient evaluation.
Fetal Doppler Velocimetry of the Middle Cerebral Artery in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Dahiru Abdullahi , Adamu Yahuza Mansur , Isyaku Kabiru , Ismail Anas , Lawal Yusuf , Yusuf Murtala 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the major supplier of blood to the brain. Doppler velocimetry has made it possible to identify and insonate the fetal MCA and is used in fetal surveillance in high-risk pregnancies and has been efficacious in antenatal fetal monitoring.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-five patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 65 normotensive pregnant controls between 20 and 39 weeks of gestational age were recruited for this study. Obstetric ultrasound scan was done to determine the gestational age, estimated fetal weight, and amniotic fluid indices. Fetal MCA Doppler velocimetric indices (peak systolic velocity [PSV], end-diastolic velocity [EDV], (RI) Resistivity index RI-resistivity index, pulsatility index [PI], and systolic/diastolic ratio [S/D ratio]) were also measured and documented.

Results:
The mean PSV of the study group (32.1 ± 10.1 cm/s) was lower than that of the control group (38.6 ± 9.3 cm/s). This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.416). However, the mean EDV of the study group (9.09 ± 2.9 cm/s) was higher than that of the control group (8.6 ± 2.0 cm/s) which was also not statistically significant (P = 0.074). There was a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.001) between the mean RI of the study group (0.70 ± 0.10) and that of the control group (0.77 ± 0.05). The mean PI of the study group (1.35 ± 0.5) was also lower than that of the control group (1.49 ± 0.3), which was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference (P = 0.003) between the mean S/D ratio of the study group (3.64 ± 1.4) and that of the control group (4.5 ± 1.1).

Conclusion:
There was a significant statistical difference in the fetal MCA Doppler velocimetric indices between hypertensive and normotensive groups indicating that fetal MCA Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool in monitoring the hemodynamic changes in the cerebral circulation of fetuses of mothers with hypertension in pregnancy.
Estimating Renal Insufficiency in Breast Cancer Patients Using Ultrasound Determined Resistive Index
Authors: Ayoola Oluwagbemiga Oluwole , Alatise Olusegun A. , Olasehinde Olalekan , Adedeji Tewogbade A. , Adisa Adewale O. , Olagbaju Bukola B. , Komolafe Olurotimi O. , Arogundade Fatiu A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate if the renal arterial resistive index (RRI) is impaired in women with breast cancer and correlate these values with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as determined by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational study of fifty chemotherapy-naïve women with histologically confirmed breast carcinoma recruited consecutively over a 1-year period. All women had a Doppler ultrasonography done to determine their RRI and eGFR.

Results:
Fifty women with breast cancer were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 28 to 85 years, with a mean age of 48.6 ± 13.8 years. The mean RRI in the study was 0.7 ± 0.07. There were thirty subjects (60%) with abnormal resistive index (RI) (>0.7), whereas twenty subjects (40%) had normal RRI. The mean eGFR in the study cohort was 62.6 ± 17. eGFR was abnormal in 96% of the women. About half (n = 24, 48%) had severe renal insufficiency (stages 3 and 4). The majority had advanced breast disease (stages 3 and 4), with 23 patients (46%) presenting with stage 3 disease and 17 (34%) stage 4 disease. Pearson's correlation done between RRI and eGFR showed a mild but statistically significant correlation between RI and eGFR (r = −0.28, P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Renal artery RI is raised in most subjects with breast cancer and correlates significantly with the eGFR as determined by cystatin C alone.
Computed Tomographic Pattern of Stroke Among Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Mansur Yahuza , Abdullahi Naimatu AT , Isyaku Kabiru , Idris S K , Lawal Yusuf 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Stroke accounts for a significant proportion of neurological disorders and carries a high morbidity and mortality. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors for stroke in Nigeria.

Aims and Objectives:
The need to determine the pattern of radiologic changes of stroke in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus on computed tomography scan (CT) of the brain.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study using CT of the brain of 104 adult patients with stoke per group was carried out. Results were analyzed using (SPSS) version 16.0 software. Proportion of pattern of stroke in each group was analyzed and possible association between the socio-demographic factors was determined.

Results:
104 diabetic patients (67 males and 37 females) and 104 hypertensive patients (68 males and 36 females) were studied. Their ages ranged from 30-90 years. Most of the patients had thrombotic stroke with the diabetic having a higher proportion (92.3%) than their hypertensive counterparts (66.3%). The parietal lobe is most affected part with (58.7%) in hypertensive's and 44.2% of the diabetics. The left side of the brain was most affected in more than 50% of both the hypertensive and diabetic stroke patients.

Conclusion:
Ischaemic stroke was equally prevalent in both diabetic and hypertensive patients while haemorrhagic stroke was more common among hypertensive patients. The parietal lobe and the left side of the brain were the more frequent area of predilection in both groups.