bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights Into Exhumation and Mantle Hydration Processes at the Deep Galicia Margin From a 3D High‐Resolution Seismic Velocity Model
Authors: Boddupalli Bhargav , Minshull Tim A. , Bayrakci Gaye , Lymer Gaёl , Klaeschen Dirk , Reston Tim J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution velocity models developed using full‐waveform inversion (FWI) can image fine details of the nature and structure of the subsurface. Using a 3D FWI velocity model of hyper‐thinned crust at the Deep Galicia Margin (DGM) west of Iberia, we constrain the nature of the crust at this margin by comparing its velocity structure with those in other similar tectonic settings. Velocities representative of both the upper and lower continental crust are present, but there is no clear evidence for distinct upper and lower crustal layers within the hyper‐thinned crust. Our velocity model supports exhumation of the lower crust under the footwalls of fault blocks to accommodate the extension. We used our model to generate a serpentinization map for the uppermost mantle at the DGM, at a depth of 100 ms (∼340 m) below the S‐reflector, a low‐angle detachment that marks the base of the crust at this margin. We find a good alignment between serpentinized areas and the overlying major block bounding faults on our map, suggesting that those faults played an important role in transporting water to the upper mantle. Further, we observe a weak correlation between fault heaves and serpentinization beneath the hanging‐wall blocks, indicating that serpentinization was controlled by complex faulting during rifting. A good match between topographic highs of the S and local highly serpentinized areas of the mantle suggests that the morphology of the S was affected by the volume‐increasing process of serpentinization and deformation of the overlying crust.
The Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Among Dominant Geomorphological Terrain Units in Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Ola A. , Fortier D. , Coulombe S. , Comte J. , Domine F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoils of circumpolar regions store large amounts of carbon (C) and are a crucial part of the global C cycle. Yet, little is known about the distribution of soil C stocks among geomorphological terrain units of glacial valleys in the Arctic. Soil C and nitrogen (N) content for the top 100 cm of the dominant vegetated geomorphological terrain units (i.e., alluvial fans, humid polygons, mesic polygons) at Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Canada have been analyzed. Soil C content was greatest in humid low‐center ice‐wedge polygons (82 kg m−2), followed by mesic flat‐center ice‐wedge polygons (40 kg m−2), and alluvial fan area (16 kg m−2), due to prevailing geomorphological processes, differences in vegetation and soil characteristics, as well as permafrost processes. Soil N content was greatest in humid polygons (4 kg m−2), followed by mesic polygons (2 kg m−2), and alluvial fan area (1 kg m−2). Vertically, C and N decreased with increasing depth except for a peak in C at depth in humid polygons, a likely result of past changes in vegetation cover. At Qarlikturvik Valley, which has a size of 121.7 km2, alluvial fans store 0.226 Tg organic C and humid and mesic polygons store 1.643 and 0.218 Tg organic C, respectively in the top 100 cm of soil. Findings like these are important to further constrain pan‐Arctic soil C and N stock estimates and thus climate models.
Thallium Pollution in Europe Over the Twentieth Century Recorded in Alpine Ice: Contributions From Coal Burning and Cement Production
Authors: Legrand Michel , McConnell Joseph R. , Preunkert Susanne , Bergametti Gilles , Chellman Nathan J. , Desboeufs Karine , Plach Andreas , Stohl Andreas , Eckhardt Sabine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmission inventories indicate that thallium, a highly toxic metal, is emitted during coal burning and cement production. These estimates have been established only for the 1980s and 1990s but up to now they have not been compared to long‐term observations. Here we used alpine ice cores to document thallium pollution over Europe since ∼1850. Ice‐core thallium concentrations increased from 1890 to 1910, and decreased after 1965 to concentrations that were half 1890 levels. Comparison of ice‐core trends, estimated past emissions, and state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric aerosol transport modeling suggest that coal burning was responsible for thallium pollution in Europe, particularly from 1920 to 1965 because of high coal consumption at that time. The subsequent decline resulted from decreased coal consumption and reduced emissions following technological improvements. The ice‐core data suggest that the rapid growth of cement production that took place in Europe after 1950 had a limited impact on thallium pollution.
Augmentation of the RNA m6A reader signature is associated with poor survival by enhancing cell proliferation and EMT across cancer types
Authors: Oh Jaeik , Hwa Chanwoong , Jang Dongjun , Shin Seungjae , Lee Soo-Jin , Kim Jiwon , Lee Sang Eun , Jung Hae Rim , Oh Yumi , Jang Giyong , Kwon Obin , An Joon-Yong , Cho Sung-Yup 
Published: July 2022

AbstractN6-Methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays a critical role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Alterations in cellular m6A levels and m6A-related genes have been reported in many cancers, but whether they play oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles is inconsistent across cancer types. We investigated common features of alterations in m6A modification and m6A-related genes during carcinogenesis by analyzing transcriptome data of 11 solid tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and our in-house gastric cancer cohort. We calculated m6A writer (W), eraser (E), and reader (R) signatures based on corresponding gene expression. Alterations in the W and E signatures varied according to the cancer type, with a strong positive correlation between the W and E signatures in all types. When the patients were divided according to m6A levels estimated by the ratio of the W and E signatures, the prognostic effect of m6A was inconsistent according to the cancer type. The R and especially the R2 signatures (based on the expression of IGF2BPs) were upregulated in all cancers. Patients with a high R2 signature exhibited poor prognosis across types, which was attributed to enrichment of cell cycle- and epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related pathways. Our study demonstrates common features of m6A alterations across cancer types and suggests that targeting m6A R proteins is a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
Dispersion coding of ENZ media via multiple photonic dopants
Authors: Zhou Ziheng , Li Hao , Sun Wangyu , He Yijing , Liberal Iñigo , Engheta Nader , Feng Zhenghe , Li Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEpsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media are opening up exciting opportunities to observe exotic wave phenomena. In this work, we demonstrate that the ENZ medium comprising multiple dielectric photonic dopants would yield a comb-like dispersion of the effective permeability, with each magnetic resonance dominated by one specific dopant. Furthermore, at multiple frequencies of interest, the resonant supercouplings appearing or not can be controlled discretely via whether corresponding dopants are assigned or not. Importantly, the multiple dopants in the ENZ host at their magnetic resonances are demonstrated to be independent. Based on this platform, the concept of dispersion coding is proposed, where photonic dopants serve as “bits” to program the spectral response of the whole composite medium. As a proof of concept, a compact multi-doped ENZ cavity is fabricated and experimentally characterized, whose transmission spectrum is manifested as a multi-bit reconfigurable frequency comb. The dispersion coding is demonstrated to fuel a batch of innovative applications including dynamically tunable comb-like dispersion profiled filters, radio-frequency identification tags, etc.
FOXM1 regulates glycolysis and energy production in multiple myeloma
Authors: Cheng Yan , Sun Fumou , Thornton Krista , Jing Xuefang , Dong Jing , Yun Grant , Pisano Michael , Zhan Fenghuang , Kim Sung Hoon , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Katzenellenbogen Benita S. , Hari Parameswaran , Janz Siegfried 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe transcription factor, forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), has been implicated in the natural history and outcome of newly diagnosed high-risk myeloma (HRMM) and relapsed/refractory myeloma (RRMM), but the mechanism with which FOXM1 promotes the growth of neoplastic plasma cells is poorly understood. Here we show that FOXM1 is a positive regulator of myeloma metabolism that greatly impacts the bioenergetic pathways of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Using FOXM1-deficient myeloma cells as principal experimental model system, we find that FOXM1 increases glucose uptake, lactate output, and oxygen consumption in myeloma. We demonstrate that the novel 1,1-diarylethylene small-compound FOXM1 inhibitor, NB73, suppresses myeloma in cell culture and human-in-mouse xenografts using a mechanism that includes enhanced proteasomal FOXM1 degradation. Consistent with the FOXM1-stabilizing chaperone function of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), the HSP90 inhibitor, geldanamycin, collaborates with NB73 in slowing down myeloma. These findings define FOXM1 as a key driver of myeloma metabolism and underscore the feasibility of targeting FOXM1 for new approaches to myeloma therapy and prevention.
TGFβR-1/ALK5 inhibitor RepSox induces enteric glia-to-neuron transition and influences gastrointestinal mobility in adult mice
Authors: Shi Chang-jie , Lian Jun-jiang , Zhang Bo-wen , Cha Jia-xue , Hua Qiu-hong , Pi Xiao-ping , Hou Yu-jun , Xie Xin , Zhang Ru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPromoting adult neurogenesis in the enteric nervous system (ENS) may be a potential therapeutic approach to cure enteric neuropathies. Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are the most abundant glial cells in the ENS. Accumulating evidence suggests that EGCs can be a complementary source to supply new neurons during adult neurogenesis in the ENS. In the brain, astrocytes have been intensively studied for their neuronal conversion properties, and small molecules have been successfully used to induce the astrocyte-to-neuron transition. However, research on glia-to-neuron conversion in the ENS is still lacking. In this study, we used GFAP-Cre:Rosa-tdTomato mice to trace glia-to-neuron transdifferentiation in the ENS in vivo and in vitro. We showed that GFAP promoter-driven tdTomato exclusively labelled EGCs and was a suitable marker to trace EGCs and their progeny cells in the ENS of adult mice. Interestingly, we discovered that RepSox or other ALK5 inhibitors alone induced efficient transdifferentiation of EGCs into neurons in vitro. Knockdown of ALK5 further confirmed that the TGFβR-1/ALK5 signalling pathway played an essential role in the transition of EGCs to neurons. RepSox-induced neurons were Calbindin- and nNOS-positive and displayed typical neuronal electrophysiological properties. Finally, we showed that administration of RepSox (3, 10 mg· kg−1 ·d−1, i.g.) for 2 weeks significantly promoted the conversion of EGCs to neurons in the ENS and influenced gastrointestinal motility in adult mice. This study provides a method for efficiently converting adult mouse EGCs into neurons by small-molecule compounds, which might be a promising therapeutic strategy for gastrointestinal neuropathy.
Periarteriolar spaces modulate cerebrospinal fluid transport into brain and demonstrate altered morphology in aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mestre Humberto , Verma Natasha , Greene Thom D. , Lin LiJing A. , Ladron-de-Guevara Antonio , Sweeney Amanda M. , Liu Guojun , Thomas V. Kaye , Galloway Chad A. , de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , Nedergaard Maiken , Mehta Rupal I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerivascular spaces (PVS) drain brain waste metabolites, but their specific flow paths are debated. Meningeal pia mater reportedly forms the outermost boundary that confines flow around blood vessels. Yet, we show that pia is perforated and permissive to PVS fluid flow. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pia is comprised of vascular and cerebral layers that coalesce in variable patterns along leptomeningeal arteries, often merging around penetrating arterioles. Heterogeneous pial architectures form variable sieve-like structures that differentially influence cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport along PVS. The degree of pial coverage correlates with macrophage density and phagocytosis of CSF tracer. In vivo imaging confirms transpial influx of CSF tracer, suggesting a role of pia in CSF filtration, but not flow restriction. Additionally, pial layers atrophy with age. Old mice also exhibit areas of pial denudation that are not observed in young animals, but pia is unexpectedly hypertrophied in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, pial thickness correlates with improved CSF flow and reduced β-amyloid deposits in PVS of old mice. We show that PVS morphology in mice is variable and that the structure and function of pia suggests a previously unrecognized role in regulating CSF transport and amyloid clearance in aging and disease.
Ligand-induced transmembrane conformational coupling in monomeric EGFR
Authors: Srinivasan Shwetha , Regmi Raju , Lin Xingcheng , Dreyer Courtney A. , Chen Xuyan , Quinn Steven D. , He Wei , Coleman Matthew A. , Carraway Kermit L. , Zhang Bin , Schlau-Cohen Gabriela S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle pass cell surface receptors regulate cellular processes by transmitting ligand-encoded signals across the plasma membrane via changes to their extracellular and intracellular conformations. This transmembrane signaling is generally initiated by ligand binding to the receptors in their monomeric form. While subsequent receptor-receptor interactions are established as key aspects of transmembrane signaling, the contribution of monomeric receptors has been challenging to isolate due to the complexity and ligand-dependence of these interactions. By combining membrane nanodiscs produced with cell-free expression, single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer measurements, and molecular dynamics simulations, we report that ligand binding induces intracellular conformational changes within monomeric, full-length epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Our observations establish the existence of extracellular/intracellular conformational coupling within a single receptor molecule. We implicate a series of electrostatic interactions in the conformational coupling and find the coupling is inhibited by targeted therapeutics and mutations that also inhibit phosphorylation in cells. Collectively, these results introduce a facile mechanism to link the extracellular and intracellular regions through the single transmembrane helix of monomeric EGFR, and raise the possibility that intramolecular transmembrane conformational changes upon ligand binding are common to single-pass membrane proteins.
Discovery of archaeal fusexins homologous to eukaryotic HAP2/GCS1 gamete fusion proteins
Authors: Moi David , Nishio Shunsuke , Li Xiaohui , Valansi Clari , Langleib Mauricio , Brukman Nicolas G. , Flyak Kateryna , Dessimoz Christophe , de Sanctis Daniele , Tunyasuvunakool Kathryn , Jumper John , Graña Martin , Romero Héctor , Aguilar Pablo S. , Jovine Luca , Podbilewicz Benjamin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSexual reproduction consists of genome reduction by meiosis and subsequent gamete fusion. The presence of genes homologous to eukaryotic meiotic genes in archaea and bacteria suggests that DNA repair mechanisms evolved towards meiotic recombination. However, fusogenic proteins resembling those found in gamete fusion in eukaryotes have so far not been found in prokaryotes. Here, we identify archaeal proteins that are homologs of fusexins, a superfamily of fusogens that mediate eukaryotic gamete and somatic cell fusion, as well as virus entry. The crystal structure of a trimeric archaeal fusexin (Fusexin1 or Fsx1) reveals an archetypical fusexin architecture with unique features such as a six-helix bundle and an additional globular domain. Ectopically expressed Fusexin1 can fuse mammalian cells, and this process involves the additional globular domain and a conserved fusion loop. Furthermore, archaeal fusexin genes are found within integrated mobile elements, suggesting potential roles in cell-cell fusion and gene exchange in archaea, as well as different scenarios for the evolutionary history of fusexins.
Decatungstate-catalyzed radical disulfuration through direct C-H functionalization for the preparation of unsymmetrical disulfides
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Studer Armido 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnsymmetrical disulfides are widely found in the areas of food chemistry, pharmaceutical industry, chemical biology and polymer science. Due the importance of such disulfides in various fields, general methods for the nondirected intermolecular disulfuration of C-H bonds are highly desirable. In this work, the conversion of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds and aldehydic C(sp2)-H bonds into the corresponding C-SS bonds with tetrasulfides (RSSSSR) as radical disulfuration reagents is reported. The decatungstate anion ([W10O32]4−) as photocatalyst is used for C-radical generation via intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer in combination with cheap sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) as oxidant. Herein a series of valuable acyl alkyl disulfides, important precursors for the generation of RSS-anions, and unsymmetrical dialkyl disulfides are synthesized using this direct approach. To demonstrate the potential of the method for late-stage functionalization, approved drugs and natural products were successfully C-H functionalized.
Ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3 power diodes
Authors: Zhang Jincheng , Dong Pengfei , Dang Kui , Zhang Yanni , Yan Qinglong , Xiang Hu , Su Jie , Liu Zhihong , Si Mengwei , Gao Jiacheng , Kong Moufu , Zhou Hong , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltra-wide bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3based electronic devices are expected to perform beyond wide bandgap counterparts GaN and SiC. However, the reported power figure-of-merit hardly can exceed, which is far below the projected Ga2O3material limit. Major obstacles are high breakdown voltage requires low doping material and PN junction termination, contradicting with low specific on-resistance and simultaneous achieving of n- and p-type doping, respectively. In this work, we demonstrate that Ga2O3heterojunction PN diodes can overcome above challenges. By implementing the holes injection in the Ga2O3, bipolar transport can induce conductivity modulation and low resistance in a low doping Ga2O3material. Therefore, breakdown voltage of 8.32 kV, specific on-resistance of 5.24 mΩ⋅cm2, power figure-of-merit of 13.2 GW/cm2, and turn-on voltage of 1.8 V are achieved. The power figure-of-merit value surpasses the 1-D unipolar limit of GaN and SiC. Those Ga2O3power diodes demonstrate their great potential for next-generation power electronics applications.
Determining the interlayer shearing in twisted bilayer MoS2 by nanoindentation
Authors: Sun Yufei , Wang Yujia , Wang Enze , Wang Bolun , Zhao Hengyi , Zeng Yongpan , Zhang Qinghua , Wu Yonghuang , Gu Lin , Li Xiaoyan , Liu Kai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rise of twistronics has increased the attention of the community to the twist-angle-dependent properties of two-dimensional van der Waals integrated architectures. Clarification of the relationship between twist angles and interlayer mechanical interactions is important in benefiting the design of two-dimensional twisted structures. However, current mechanical methods have critical limitations in quantitatively probing the twist-angle dependence of two-dimensional interlayer interactions in monolayer limits. Here we report a nanoindentation-based technique and a shearing-boundary model to determine the interlayer mechanical interactions of twisted bilayer MoS2. Both in-plane elastic moduli and interlayer shear stress are found to be independent of the twist angle, which is attributed to the long-range interaction of intermolecular van der Waals forces that homogenously spread over the interfaces of MoS2. Our work provides a universal approach to determining the interlayer shear stress and deepens the understanding of twist-angle-dependent behaviours of two-dimensional layered materials.
Entangling single atoms over 33 km telecom fibre
Authors: van Leent Tim , Bock Matthias , Fertig Florian , Garthoff Robert , Eppelt Sebastian , Zhou Yiru , Malik Pooja , Seubert Matthias , Bauer Tobias , Rosenfeld Wenjamin , Zhang Wei , Becher Christoph , Weinfurter Harald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum networks promise to provide the infrastructure for many disruptive applications, such as efficient long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computing1,2. Central to these networks is the ability to distribute entanglement between distant nodes using photonic channels. Initially developed for quantum teleportation3,4 and loophole-free tests of Bell’s inequality5,6, recently, entanglement distribution has also been achieved over telecom fibres and analysed retrospectively7,8. Yet, to fully use entanglement over long-distance quantum network links it is mandatory to know it is available at the nodes before the entangled state decays. Here we demonstrate heralded entanglement between two independently trapped single rubidium atoms generated over fibre links with a length up to 33 km. For this, we generate atom–photon entanglement in two nodes located in buildings 400 m line-of-sight apart and to overcome high-attenuation losses in the fibres convert the photons to telecom wavelength using polarization-preserving quantum frequency conversion9. The long fibres guide the photons to a Bell-state measurement setup in which a successful photonic projection measurement heralds the entanglement of the atoms10. Our results show the feasibility of entanglement distribution over telecom fibre links useful, for example, for device-independent quantum key distribution11–13 and quantum repeater protocols. The presented work represents an important step towards the realization of large-scale quantum network links.
Accounting for the aircraft emissions of China’s domestic routes during 2014–2019
Authors: Cui Qiang , Chen Bin , Lei Yi-lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe “13th Five-Year Plan” of civil aviation energy conservation and emission reduction impacts China’s domestic aviation exchanges. However, few researchers pay attrition to the impact of the 13th Five-Year Plan on aviation emissions. This paper intends to calculate the emissions of six pollutants (CO2, CO, HC, NOx, PM2.5, and SO2) in China’s domestic airlines from 2014 to 2019 and explore the impact of the 13th Five-Year Plan on emissions changes. In this paper, the improved BFFM2-FOA-FPM method is used to unify the calculation of CO2 and other aviation emissions. The error rate between the estimate and the official data was about 6.45%. The results show that the 13th Five-Year Plan has impacted on aviation emissions, including the number of routes and airlines, aircraft configuration, air routes, and airline unit turnover emissions. Additionally, the 13th Five-Year Plan’s effect is not significant, and it does not promote the reduction of emissions on domestic routes.