bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Wrapper based feature extraction framework based on AlexNet deep convolutional neural network parameters optimized using gradient‐based optimizer for mammogram images
Authors: Sakthivel N. K. , Subasree S. , Malik Shaveta , Tyagi Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, a Wrapper based feature extraction framework based on AlexNet deep convolutional neural network (ADCNN) with gradient‐based optimizer (GBO) is proposed for early detection of breast cancer. In this input images are occupied as mini‐mammography image analysis society (MIAS) database. Then the images are pre‐processed to eliminate that noises using Markov random field (MRF) method. Image features are extracted by the process of Wrapper based feature extraction framework with ADCNN. Then, the weight parameters of ADCNN are optimizing through the aid of GBO. Then the mammogram images are characterized as normal or abnormal (malignant and benign) with SVM classifier. The simulation process is implemented on MATLAB platform. The proposed ADCNN‐SVM‐GBO attains higher accuracy 34.64%, 28.86%, 19.86%, 24.64%, 32.86%, higher Precision 28.07%, 18.96%, 16.86%, 25.86%, 26.86%, higher recall 27.86%, 32.54%, 27.86%, 23.95%, 19.97%, and the efficiency of the proposed method FE‐ADCNN‐GBO‐SVM is likened with the existing processes. Classification of mammograms depends features removal processes with support vector machine (FE‐LBP‐GLCM‐SVM), breast cancer classification with global discriminate features on mammographic images (FE‐GLCM‐ANN), enhancing breast cancer classification with (SMOTE) technique and pectoral muscle removal on mammographic images (FE‐SMOTE‐RF), application of artificial intelligence depends deep learning on breast cancer screening and imaging diagnosis (FE‐CNN‐CDCNN) respectively.
Tuning the Structure and Properties of N‐doped Positively Charged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Radenković Slavko , Tomović Željko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA detailed study of the geometry, aromatic character, electronic and magnetic properties for a series of positively charged N‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed. Magnetic properties of the examined molecules were analyzed by means of the magnetically induced current density calculated using the diamagnetic‐zero version of the continuous transformation of origin of current density (CTOCD‐DZ) method. The comparative study of the local aromaticity of the studied molecules was performed using several different indices: energy effect (ef), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index, six centre delocalization index (SCI) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). The presence of N‐atoms in the inner rings was found to cause a planarity distortion in the studied N‐doped systems. The geometric changes and charged nature of the studied N‐doped systems do not significantly influence the current density and the local aromaticity distribution in comparison with the corresponding parent benzenoid hydrocarbons. The present study demonstrates how quantum chemical calculations can be used for rational design of novel PAHs and for fine tuning of their properties.
Stakeholder management, CSR commitment, corporate social performance: The moderating role of uncertainty in CSR regulation
Authors: Adomako Samuel , Tran Mai Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn spite of the burgeoning literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR), little is known about the mechanism through which stakeholder integration affects corporate social performance (CSP). Our study fills this gap in the CSR literature by testing a model that explains this mechanism. Using data from 228 firms, we found that stakeholder integration positively influences a firm's CSR commitment and this linkage is attenuated when uncertainty in CSR regulation is greater. In addition, the results revealed that a firm's CSR commitment mediates the relationship between stakeholder integration and CSP. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
Amphiphilic Indoles as Efficient Phase‐Transfer Catalysts for Bromination in Water
Authors: Zhang Qingyu , Xu Yongyuan , Liang Xiaochen , Ke Zhihai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrominated compounds are important, but they are usually prepared in organic solvents. Here, efficient amphiphilic indole‐based phase‐transfer organocatalysts were developed for environmentally benign bromination reactions in water. As test reactions, hydroxybromination of olefins and aromatic bromination could be conducted in a greener and more sustainable manner compared with methods using organic solvents, producing the corresponding bromides in good yields. Some pure products could be obtained without column chromatography.
Refinement of axonal conduction and myelination in the mouse optic nerve indicate an extended period of postnatal developmental plasticity
Authors: Balraj Annika , Clarkson‐Paredes Cheryl , Pajoohesh‐Ganji Ahdeah , Kay Matthew W. , Mendelowitz David , Miller Robert H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRetinal ganglion cells generate a pattern of action potentials to communicate visual information from the retina to cortical areas. Myelin, an insulating sheath, wraps axonal segments to facilitate signal propagation and when deficient, can impair visual function. Optic nerve development and initial myelination has largely been considered completed by the fifth postnatal week. However, the relationship between the extent of myelination and axonal signaling in the maturing optic nerve is not well characterized. Here, we examine the relationship between axon conduction and elements of myelination using extracellular nerve recordings, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and simulations of nerve responses. Comparing compound action potentials from mice aged 4–12 weeks revealed five functional distinct axonal populations, an increase in the number of functional axons, and shifts toward fast‐conducting axon populations at 5 and 8 weeks postnatal. At these ages, our analysis revealed increased myelin thickness, lower g‐ratios and changes in the 14 kDa MBP isoform, while the density of axons and nodes of Ranvier remained constant. At 5 postnatal weeks, axon diameter increased, while at 8 weeks, increased expression of a mature sodium ion channel subtype, Nav 1.6, was observed at nodes of Ranvier. A simulation model of nerve conduction suggests that ion channel subtype, axon diameter, and myelin thickness are more likely to be key regulators of nerve function than g‐ratio. Such refinement of axonal function and myelin rearrangement identified an extended period of maturation in the normal optic nerve that may facilitate the development of visual signaling patterns.
Lmx1b activation in axolotl limb regeneration
Authors: Yamamoto Sakiya , Kashimoto Rena , Furukawa Saya , Ohashi Ayaka , Satoh Akira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAxolotls can regenerate their limbs. In their limb regeneration process, developmental genes are re‐expressed and reorganize the developmental axes, in which the position‐specific genes are properly re‐expressed. However, how such position specificity is reorganized in the regeneration processes has not been clarified. To address this issue, we focused on the reactivation process of Lmx1b, which determines the limb dorsal identity in many animals.ResultsHere, we show that Lmx1b expression is maintained in the dorsal skin before amputation and is activated after amputation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that only cells located in the dorsal side prior to limb amputation could reactivate Lmx1b after limb amputation. We also found that Lmx1b activation was achieved by nerve presence. The nerve factors, BMP2+FGF2+FGF8 (B2FF), consistently reactivate Lmx1b when applied to the dorsal skin.ConclusionsThese results imply that the retained Lmx1b expression in the intact skin plays a role in positional memory, which instruct cells about the spatial positioning before amputation. This memory is reactivated by nerves or nerve factors that can trigger the entire limb regeneration process. Our findings highlight the role of nerves in amphibian limb regeneration, including both the initiation of limb regeneration and the reactivation of position‐specific gene expression.
Harvest and density‐dependent predation drive long‐term population decline in a northern ungulate
Authors: Marrotte Robby R. , Patterson Brent R. , Northrup Joseph M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe relative effect of top‐down versus bottom‐up forces in regulating and limiting wildlife populations is an important theme in ecology. Untangling these effects is critical for a basic understanding of trophic dynamics and effective management. We examined the drivers of moose (Alces alces) population growth by integrating two independent sources of observations within a hierarchical Bayesian population model. We used one of the largest existing spatiotemporal data sets on ungulate population dynamics globally. We documented a 20% population decline over the period examined. There was negative density‐dependent population growth of moose. Although we could not determine the mechanisms producing density‐dependent suppression of population growth, the relatively low densities at which we documented moose populations suggested it could be due to density‐dependent predation. Predation primarily limited population growth, except at low density, where it was regulating. After we simulated several harvest scenarios, it appeared that harvest was largely additive and likely contributed to population declines. Our results highlight how population dynamics are context dependent and vary strongly across gradients in climate, forest type, and predator abundance. These results help clarify long‐standing questions in population ecology and highlight the complex relationships between natural and human‐caused mortality in driving ungulate population dynamics.
Host in reserve: The role of common shrews (Sorex araneus) as a supplementary source of tick hosts in small mammal communities influenced by rodent population cycles
Authors: De Pelsmaeker Nicolas , Korslund Lars , Steifetten Øyvind 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRodents often act as important hosts for ticks and as pathogen reservoirs. At northern latitudes, rodents often undergo multi‐annual population cycles, and the periodic absence of certain hosts may inhibit the survival and recruitment of ticks. We investigated the potential role of common shrews (Sorex araneus) to serve as a supplementary host source to immature life stages (larvae and nymphs) of a generalist tick Ixodes ricinus and a small mammal specialist tick I. trianguliceps, during decreasing abundances of bank voles (Myodes glareolus). We used generalized mixed models to test whether ticks would have a propensity to parasitize a certain host species dependent on host population size and host population composition across two high‐latitude gradients in southern Norway, by comparing tick burdens on trapped animals. Host population size was defined as the total number of captured animals and host population composition as the proportion of voles to shrews. We found that a larger proportion of voles in the host population favored the parasitism of voles by I. ricinus larvae (estimate = −1.923, p = .039) but not by nymphs (estimate = −0.307, p = .772). I. trianguliceps larvae did not show a lower propensity to parasitize voles, regardless of host population composition (estimate = 0.875, p = .180), while nymphs parasitized shrews significantly more as vole abundance increased (estimate = 2.106, p = .002). These results indicate that common shrews may have the potential to act as a replacement host during periods of low rodent availability, but long‐term observations encompassing complete rodent cycles may determine whether shrews are able to maintain tick range expansion despite low rodent availability.
A real‐time data assimilative forecasting system for animal tracking
Authors: Randon Marine , Dowd Michael , Joy Ruth 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonitoring technologies now provide real‐time animal location information, which opens up the possibility of developing forecasting systems to fuse these data with movement models to predict future trajectories. State‐space modeling approaches are well established for retrospective location estimation and behavioral inference through state and parameter estimation. Here we use a state‐space model within a comprehensive data assimilative framework for probabilistic animal movement forecasting. Real‐time location information is combined with stochastic movement model predictions to provide forecasts of future animal locations and trajectories, as well as estimates of key behavioral parameters. Implementation uses ensemble‐based sequential Monte Carlo methods (a particle filter). We first apply the framework to an idealized case using a nondimensional animal movement model based on a continuous‐time random walk process. A set of numerical forecasting experiments demonstrates the workflow and key features, such as the online estimation of behavioral parameters using state augmentation, the use of potential functions for habitat preference, and the role of observation error and sampling frequency on forecast skill. For a realistic demonstration, we adapt the framework to short‐term forecasting of the endangered southern resident killer whale (SRKW) in the Salish Sea using visual sighting information wherein the potential function reflects historical habitat utilization of SRKW. We successfully estimate whale locations up to 2.5 h in advance with a moderate prediction error (<5 km), providing reasonable lead‐in time to mitigate vessel–whale interactions. It is argued that this forecasting framework can be used to synthesize diverse data types and improve animal movement models and behavioral understanding and has the potential to lead to important advances in movement ecology.
Unexpected One‐Pot Formation of Lactam Oximes from Amino‐Hydroxamic Esters
Authors: Lascano Santiago , van der Lee Arie , Lopez Marie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe unexpected one‐pot intramolecular formation of lactam oximes from the corresponding amino‐hydroxamic ester in the presence of amine is described. Several reaction parameters were studied, and the importance of the base and the size of the resulting cycle were shown. This reaction can thus be considered as a new synthetic approach to prepare lactam oximes in a one‐pot manner and in mild conditions.
A Photoredox Nozaki‐Hiyama Reaction Catalytic in Chromium
Authors: Calogero Francesco , Potenti Simone , Magagnano Giandomenico , Mosca Giampaolo , Gualandi Andrea , Marchini Marianna , Ceroni Paola , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOrganochromium(III) species are multipurpose nucleophiles used in the synthesis of complex organic molecules due to their high functional group tolerance and extraordinary chemoselectivity for aldehydes. The preparation of organochromium(III) species starting from organic halides requires the use of a stoichiometric amount of chromium(II) salts or a catalytic amount of chromium(III) salts in the presence of stoichiometric reductants (such as Mn(0)). Recently, radicals formation from readily available alkenes, followed by their trapping with stoichiometric or catalytic amount of chromium(II) salts were reported in photoredox conditions for the generation of Cr(III) organometallic species. In this paper we disclose a real Nozaki‐Hiyama reaction (NH) in which photoredox conditions enable the preparation of Cr(III) allyl reagents starting from available allyl halides and stable Cr(III) salts.
Quasi Solid‐state Electrolytes of Li2Sn2(bdc)3(H2O)x Metal‐organic Frameworks for Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Guo Ziwei , He Yuanqin , Zhang Daxu , Lin Yifan , Wen Zuxin , Zheng Zhicheng , Chen Long , Zhang Ning , Liu Xiaohe , Chen Gen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes hold great promise for lithium‐based batteries with high energy density and safety. Here, novel metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) based composite membranes were fabricated by a rolling process and subsequently employed as quasi solid‐state electrolytes, exhibiting improved ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number as well as stable electrochemical window. Furthermore, the MOF‐based membranes presented a significant effect in modulating the stripping/plating process of Li and resulted in a dendrite‐free Li deposition. The corresponding LiFePO4|Li batteries were assembled and presented improved rate capability and high Coulombic efficiency, offering a new option for MOF‐based electrolytes.
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of in‐situ and ex‐situ carbon‐ coated Na2Ti3O7, as a promising anode for sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Mukherjee Anwesa , Das Debasish , Banerjee Susanta , Majumder Subhashish Basu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInsertion‐type layered Na2Ti3O7 has attracted the attention of the researchers and is considered to be one of the promising low‐voltage anode materiasl for sodium‐ion batteries. In spite of its fascinating electrochemical properties, the low electronic conductivity and structural instability of Na2Ti3O7 are major drawbacks that restrict its practical application. Surface modification with pyrolytic carbon is one of the effective ways to reduce irreversible capacity loss caused by electrolytic degradation. In this work, attempts have been made to investigate the effects of different carbon coating approaches on the electrochemical properties of sol‐gel‐synthesized Na2Ti3O7 microrods. The as‐synthesized Na2Ti3O7 rods are coated with a uniform carbon layer both by in‐situ and ex‐situ methods using citric acid and polyvinyl alcohol as carbon source, respectively. Ex‐situ carbon‐coated Na2Ti3O7 (Na2Ti3O7@C), due to better coating uniformity and higher graphitized carbon percentage, shows enhanced cyclability and rate performance compared to bare material and in‐situ carbon composite (Na2Ti3O7/C). Following the ex‐situ carbonization method using PVA as carbon source, it is found that increase of carbon content from 5wt% to 10wt% significantly improves its electrochemical properties. However, further increase in PVA amount has adverse effect on the cycling as well as rate performance of Na2Ti3O7@C. Surface modified Na2Ti3O7@C with optimum carbon content (10wt% C) shows improved cycling capacity (capacity retention ∼74.75% after100 cycle) and rate performance (∼67 mAhg‐1 at 1.5 Ag‐1). Both excess and inadequate carbon content have detrimental effect on the electrochemical properties of Na2Ti3O7 anode.
Delineating Effluent Exposure and Cumulative Ecotoxicological Risk of Metals Downstream of a Saskatchewan Uranium Mill Using Autonomous Sensors
Authors: Cupe-Flores Beatriz , Mendes Maira , Panigrahi Banamali , Liber Karsten 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There is increasing interest in using autonomous sensor technology to monitor aquatic ecosystems in real time and in employing such monitoring data to perform better ecological risk assessments. At seven locations in McClean Lake in northern Saskatchewan (Canada) that received diluted uranium milling effluent, we deployed sensor units to track effluent distribution and help predict potential biological effects on aquatic invertebrates. Water was also collected from each location on multiple occasions to measure major ions, dissolved metals, and routine water quality, and sediment was sampled to analyze total metals. The ecotoxicological risk to aquatic invertebrates was estimated using hazard quotients (HQs). The cumulative risk was estimated by summing the individual HQs, and the major ions risk was based on total osmolarity. The results indicated temporal and spatial variations in effluent exposure based on sensor electrical conductivity (EC) measurements in the McClean Lake East Basin. Individual HQs for water ranged from “moderate” (0.40–0.69) to “very high” (greater than 1) for silver, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, mercury, iron, and thallium. At all sites, major ions risk was less than 1. Individual HQs for sediment were “moderate” (0.40–0.69), “high” (0.7–0.99), and “very high” (greater than 1) for vanadium and cadmium. The cumulative risk in water and sediment for all metals combined was greater than 1 at some sites in Vulture Lake (which discharged into McClean Lake) and in McClean Lake itself. A more detailed estimation of the risks for aqueous selenium and arsenic (the only two metals that had good correlation with sensor EC data) indicated that their 90th percentile HQ values were less than 1 in McClean Lake, suggesting that these contaminants of concern do not represent a significant direct risk to aquatic invertebrate communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1765–1777. © 2022 SETAC
Electrodeposition: An efficient method to fabricate self‐supported electrodes for electrochemical energy conversion systems
Authors: Kim Junhyeong , Kim Hyunki , Han Gyeong Ho , Hong Seokjin , Park Juhae , Bang Junbeom , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Sang Hyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of electrocatalysts for energy conversion systems is essential for alleviating environmental problems and producing useful energy sources as alternatives to fossil fuels. Improving the catalytic performance and stability of electrocatalysts is a major challenge in the development of energy conversion systems. Moreover, understanding their electrode structure is important for enhancing the energy efficiency. Recently, binder‐free self‐supported electrodes have been investigated because the seamless contact between the electrocatalyst and substrate minimizes the contact resistance as well as facilitates fast charge transfer at the catalyst/substrate interface and high catalyst utilization. Electrodeposition is an effective and facile method for fabricating self‐supported electrodes in aqueous solutions under mild conditions. Facile fabrication without a polymer binder and controlability of the compositional and morphological properties of the electrocatalyst make electrodeposition methods suitable for enhancing the performance of energy conversion systems. Herein, we summarize recent research on self‐supported electrodes fabricated by electrodeposition for energy conversion reactions, particularly focusing on cathodic reactions of electrolyzer system such as hydrogen evolution, electrochemical CO2 reduction, and electrochemical N2 reduction reactions. The deposition conditions, morphological and compositional properties, and catalytic performance of the electrocatalyst are reviewed. Finally, the prospective directions of electrocatalyst development for energy conversion systems are discussed.
A preconditioned p‐multigrid solution approach for the high‐order flux reconstruction method
Authors: Jourdan Eduardo , Wang Z. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article addresses two acceleration techniques in the context of high‐order methods: p‐multigrid and local Mach number preconditioning. The flux reconstruction method is used as the spatial discretization scheme and the flow of interest is modeled by the two‐dimensional Euler and Navier–Stokes equations in both steady and unsteady settings. The Weiss and Smith low Mach number preconditioner is used together with dual time stepping in order to perform unsteady simulations. The p‐multigrid uses the third order explicit Runge–Kutta (RK3) scheme as the smoother and the non‐linear LU‐SGS implicit method as the coarse level solver. The algorithm performance is compared against both the explicit RK3 and the LU‐SGS approaches. The use of the Mach number preconditioning significantly increases the efficiency of the p‐multigrid method. For unsteady simulations, the preconditioner helps with the efficiency of the p‐multigrid with larger physical time steps. In most cases, the preconditioned p‐multigrid approach is comparable to or faster than the implicit LU‐SGS algorithm and requires less memory, specially for schemes.