bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADAM9: A regulator between HCMV infection and function of smooth muscle cells
Authors: He Hanlin , Tan Yurong , Tang Zhongxiang , Wang Lili , Liu Shuiping , Wu Guojun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLots of epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Released by inflammatory cells and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs), metalloproteinases are observed in many pathological vessel conditions, including atherosclerosis and restenosis. This study was designed to investigate the effect of HCMV infection on the expression of metalloproteinases and their involvements in the HCMV‐induced functional changes of VSMCs. Differential metalloproteinase after HCMV infection was assayed using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) microarray. The most significant increased a disintegrin and metalloprotease 9 (ADAM9) was chosen to investigate the mechanism of its specific increase after infection using the treatment of UV‐irradiated replication‐deficient HCMV, HCMV‐infected cell lysate filters or Foscarnet. The function of proliferation, migration, production of inflammatoty factors and phenotypic transformation were determined by using cell counting kit‐8, transwell, Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, RT‐quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the effect of ADAM9 deficiency on HCMV replication was also determined using RT‐qPCR and immunofluorescence. The expression levels of 6 genes were upregulated and 14 genes were downregulated at different time points after HCMV infection. Among these, the expression level of ADAM9 increased most significantly at each time point and the abnormal expression of ADAM9 might be induced by the early gene products of HCMV. Further studies found that ADAM9 promoted the proliferation, the migration, the production of inflammatory factors and the transit from the contractile phenotype (decreased ACTA2 expression) to the synthetic phenotype (increased osteopontin [OPN] expression). Knockdown theADAM9 expression could rescue the decreased ACTA2 expression, but has no effect on OPN expression. ADAM‐9 deficiency didn't affect the replication of HCMV. The findings of our study suggest that HCMV infection changed VSMC function through ADAM9 expression, which may contribute to the understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms of HCMV‐induced atherosclerosis.
Quantitative determination of four mycotoxins in cereal by fluorescent microsphere based immunochromatographic assay
Authors: Sheng Wei , Guo Jing , Liu Chenchen , Ma Yueru , Liu Junli , Zhang Haoyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, which have serious effects on humans and animals. In this study, we selected the monodispersed polystyrene fluorescent microspheres with good luminescence performance and strong stability as markers to conjugate with four mycotoxins antibodies for preparing fluorescent probes. We have developed a fluorescent microsphere based immunochromatographic assay (FMICA) to detect sensitively and quickly zearalenone (ZEN), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereal.ResultsUnder optimal experimental conditions, the procedure of this method can be completed within 10 min. The limit of detection (LOD) of FMICA for ZEN, AFB1, FB1, and OTA is 0.072, 0.093, 0.32, and 0.19 μg L−1, respectively. And FMICA has good specificity and no cross‐reactivity with other mycotoxins. Four mycotoxins in naturally contaminated cereal samples (corn, rice, and oat) are detected by this method, and the results are highly consistent with that of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS).ConclusionThe developed FMICA has good accuracy, high sensitivity, simplicity, convenience, rapidity, and low cost, and it could be employed for sensitive and quantitative detecting of mycotoxins in cereal on‐site. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Second‐harmonic generation technique for in situ study of passive film formation on carbon steel surfaces in aqueous solutions
Authors: Martinelli‐Orlando Federico , Dénervaud Eric , Grange Rachel , Angst Ueli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work was to revisit second‐harmonic generation (SHG) as a technique for the in situ analysis of oxide film formation on steel samples immersed in aqueous solutions and during electrochemical experiments. The measurements were compared to active reflectance spectroscopy (ARS), which is a more established in situ spectroscopy technique. Carbon steel electrodes were subjected to polarization in pH neutral and mild‐alkaline electrolytes to provoke the formation of passive films. In situ SHG measurements allowed monitoring of compositional changes in the formed film, as the SHG intensity increased in the domain of stability of Fe3O4 and decreased in the domain of stability of Fe2O3 during potentiodynamic polarization. ARS, on the other hand, is suitable to monitor film thickness. ARS absorption increased along with film growth when moving in the anodic direction during potentiodynamic polarization. During 30 min cathodic polarization at −0.9 VAg/AgCl sat. KCl in initially pH neutral the combination of SHG and ARS revealed the presence of an oxide film that was primarily composed of Fe3O4 and with a thickness up to 0.7 nm.
Applying the Inelastic Thermal Spike Model to the Investigation of Damage Induced by High‐Energy Ions in Polymers
Authors: da Rocha Maximiliano S. , May João Pedro M. , Thomaz Raquel S. , Papaléo Ricardo M. , Toulemonde Marcel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work reports on damage production in polymers by high‐energy ions within the framework of the inelastic thermal spike model (i‐TS). The model is used to describe the effective size of the damaged region around the ion path (the track size) in amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the semicrystalline poly(p‐phenylene sulphide) (PPS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF). Track size calculations are compared to experimental data deduced from measurements of crater size, bond‐breaking cross‐sections, changes in crystallinity and electron density, track etching, and electrical depolarization. The use of data obtained from distinct types of damage provides a broad platform to test the applicability of the model to polymers. This work shows that the i‐TS correctly describes the dependence of the track size on energy loss obtained from most experimental probes, when the activation energy of thermal decomposition of the polymers is used as the criterion of track formation, using an electron–phonon mean free path of ≈3 nm. As damage is not uniform across the ion track radial dimension, there are fine variations in the experimental damage radii that can only be accounted for by using multiple activation processes. Amorphization radii of the semicrystalline polymers are not directly correlated to melting induced by the ions.
Exosome‐based cancer stem cell communication: Implication for detecting and eliminating cancer stem cells
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Paul Swastika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExosomes are bilayered nano‐dimensional bio‐vesicles shed by all types of cells including transformed malignant cells. They are primarily involved in cell‐to‐cell communication and resemble the contents of their parental cells. They transport specific contents, like DNA, proteins, and lipids, which is selectively absorbed by proximate and distant cell from the site of their release, conditioning the recipient cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the root cause behind tumor development, immune evasion, and relapse also produce and secrete large quantities of exosomes that aid and abet CSCs. Interaction of CSCs and neighboring cells occurs through the exosomal exchange of biological materials. Exosomes promote immune evasion, metastasis, and self‐renewal within the tumor microenvironment. These properties of exosomes are exploited to detect the presence of malignant cells via noninvasive techniques. These exosomes can be modified to target CSCs. In this review, we highlight the unique role of exosomes in disease progression and how they can be exploited to detect CSCs or be used as a vehicle for medicinal drugs and genetic components to destroy CSCs. Exosome research is still in its inception, in‐depth analysis of the components and mechanistic details involved in exosome synthesis and precise bio‐engineering for cell‐targeting will help us discern it as a next‐generation cancer therapy option.
Hybrid active and passive local shimming (HAPLS) for two‐region MRI
Authors: Ren Zhi Hua , Stockmann Jason , Dewdney Andrew , Lee Ray F. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeAn MRI scanner is equipped with global shim systems for shimming one region of interest (ROI) only. However, it often fails to reach state‐of‐the‐art when shimming two isolated regions of interest simultaneously, even though the two‐area shimming can be essential in scan scenarios, such as bilateral breasts or dyadic brains. To address these challenges, a hybrid active and passive local shimming technique is proposed to simultaneously shim two isolated region‐of‐interest areas within the whole FOV.MethodsA local passive shimming system is constructed by optimized bilateral ferromagnetic chip arrays to compensate for the magnet's significant high‐order B0 inhomogeneities at the boundary of the manufacturer's specified homogeneous volume, thus locally improving the available FOV. The local active shimming consists of 40‐channel DC loops powered by 64‐channel current amplifiers. With the optimized current distribution, active shimming can correct the residual low‐order B0 inhomogeneities and subject‐specific field inhomogeneities. In addition, active shimming is used to homogenize the center frequencies of the two regions.ResultsWith the implementation of the hybrid active and passive local shimming, the 95% peak‐to‐peak was reduced from 1.92 to 1.12 ppm by 41.7%, and RMS decreased from 0.473 to 0.255 ppm by 46.1% in a two‐phantom experiment. The volume ratio containing MR voxels within a 0.5‐ppm frequency span increased from 64.3% to 81.3% by 26.3%.ConclusionThe proposed hybrid active and passive local shimming technique uses both passive and active local shimming, and it can efficiently shim two areas simultaneously, which is an unmet need for a commercial MRI scanner.
Performance of the new nutrition evaluation tool for hospitalized pediatric patients with cancer in Brazil (ANPEDCancer)
Authors: Saraiva Danúbia d. C. A. , Martucci Renata B. , Monteiro Gina T. R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of specific nutrition assessment tools for pediatric patients with cancer. The aim was to evaluate the performance of the ANPEDCancer assessment tool in a pediatric population with cancer, verifying its ability to detect nutrition inadequacy and predict the length of hospital stay (LOS).MethodsEvaluated 111 pediatric patients hospitalized in the National Cancer Institute (INCA) in 2019 to assess nutrition status. Patients were classified as malnourished and well nourished by the ANPEDCancer. Measures of weight, height, anthropometric indicators, body composition, laboratory parameters, LOS, and death were compared between groups. The ANPEDCancer classification was compared with the complete nutrition assessment, calculating sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, and with the LOS.ResultsThe prevalence of malnutrition was 12.6%, nutrition risk was 48.6%, risk of overweight/obesity was 6.3%, and well‐nourished status was 32.4%. According to ANPEDCancer, malnourished patients showed a higher frequency of inadequacy for all anthropometric indices, percentage of weight loss, serum albumin level, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and longer LOS when compared with well‐nourished patients. There was an association between the tool's diagnosis and measures of body composition, CRP, and LOS. ANPEDCancer validation with the complete nutrition assessment showed a sensitivity of 81.6%, specificity of 55%, positive predictive value of 53.4%, and negative of 82.5%. The LOS was almost twice as long among malnourished patients and was statistically significant (P = 0.002).ConclusionANPEDCancer is a feasible tool to assess nutrition status and identify the presence of nutrition risk, allowing for targeted assistance in hospitalized pediatric patients with cancer.
Registered nurses' perceptions of their roles in medical‐surgical units: A qualitative study
Authors: Nazon Evy , St‐Pierre Isabelle , Pangop Denise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to gain insight into the perception of nurses about their roles in medical‐surgical units.BackgroundAs a result of ever‐changing work environments, medical‐surgical nurses find it difficult to know and practice according to the full scope of their roles.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsSemi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with 21 nurses on three campuses of a large tertiary care hospital located in Quebec, Canada. Thematic analysis was used to construe meaning from the interviews. This research adheres to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines and checklist.ResultsThe data analysis resulted in three main themes: (i) confusion in nurses' roles and scope of practice; (ii) challenges in the continuity of care and (iii) factors affecting the roles of nurses in medical‐surgical units.ConclusionAttention must be paid to the care continuum as it represents a critical element for surgical patients' quality and safety of care.Relevance to clinical practiceMedical‐surgical nurses should understand their roles and the factors that limit their full scope of practice in order to provide and manage complex care situations. Additionally, an interdisciplinary approach is a strategy that may better respond to patients' clinical needs across the surgical journey.
Cell death induced by NLRP3–palmitate axis impairs pulmonary damage tolerance and aggravates immunopathology during obesity‐tuberculosis comorbidity
Authors: Palma Albornoz Sandra P , Fraga‐Silva Thais FC , de Carvalho Renan VH , Rodrigues Tamara S , Gembre Ana Flávia , de Oliveira Rômulo Silva , de Souza Fernanda Mesquita , Corrêa Giseli Furlan , Ramalho Leandra NZ , Carlos Daniela , de Almeida Danilo C , Câmara Niels OS , Zamboni Dario S , Takahashi Viviani Nardini , Sorgi Carlos A , Faccioli Lucia H , Medeiros Alexandra I , Costa Diego Luís , Bonato Vânia LD 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA low‐grade and persistent inflammation, which is the hallmark of obesity, requires the participation of NLRP3 and cell death. During Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, NLRP3 signaling is important for bacterial killing by macrophages in vitro but was shown to be dispensable for host protection in vivo. We hypothesized that during obesity‐tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity, NLRP3 signaling might play a detrimental role by inducing excessive inflammation. We employed a model of high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity, followed by M. tuberculosis infection in C57BL/6 mice. Obese mice presented increased susceptibility to infection and pulmonary immunopathology compared to lean mice. Using treatment with NLRP3 antagonist and Nlrp3−/− mice, we showed that NLRP3 signaling promoted cell death, with no effect in bacterial loads. The levels of palmitate were higher in the lungs of obese infected mice compared to lean counterparts, and we observed that this lipid increased M. tuberculosis‐induced macrophage death in vitro, which was dependent on NLRP3 and caspase‐1. At the chronic phase, although lungs of obese Nlrp3−/− mice showed an indication of granuloma formation compared to obese wild‐type mice, there was no difference in the bacterial load. Our findings indicate that NLRP3 may be a potential target for host‐directed therapy to reduce initial and severe inflammation‐mediated disease and to treat comorbidity‐associated TB. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Malignant ectomesenchymoma in children: The European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group experience
Authors: Milano Giuseppe Maria , Orbach Daniel , Casanova Michela , Berlanga Pablo , Schoot Reineke A. , Corradini Nadege , Brennan Bernadette , Ramirez‐Villar Gema L. , Lyngsie Hjalgrim Lisa , van Noesel Max M. , Alaggio Rita , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMalignant ectomesenchymoma (MEM) is an extremely rare soft tissue tumor typical of young children, currently included in the category of skeletal muscle malignancies and characterized by a neuroblastic component. This study describes a series of 10 patients prospectively registered in the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) database Of the 10 cases, seven had an initial local diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. All patients received chemotherapy according to rhabdomyosarcoma strategy, four had radiotherapy. Overall, six patients were alive in first remission, two in second remission and one after second tumor. Only the patient with initially metastatic tumor died of disease.
Northward propagation of convection over the Indian region in multiphysics multimodel ensemble
Authors: Karmakar Nirupam , Joseph Susmitha , Sahai Atul K. , Kaur Manpreet , Phani R. , Mandal Raju , Dey Avijit 
Published: November 2022

An assessment of a multiphysics multimodel ensemble (MPMME) strategy is provided to simulate the critical aspects of the Indian summer monsoon and its intraseasonal variability. Using various physics combinations of Climate Forecast System (CFS) and its atmospheric component Global Forecast System (GFS), a 15‐year hindcast for May–October is generated. Three different convective parametrizations, simplified Arakawa–Shubert (sas), revised deep‐convection sas (nsas), and revised sas with modified shallow‐convection (nsas_sc) are coupled with two microphysics schemes Zhao and Carr (zc) and Ferrier. Spatiotemporal characteristics of predicted Indian summer monsoon climatology and 20–70‐day periodic intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) are evaluated using observations. MPMME members reproduce the overall characteristics of the seasonal mean, but they have significant biases over different regions. Pattern correlations reveal that CFS_nsaszc performs best among MPMME in simulating the observed characteristics of rainfall ISOs and providing significant ISO forecast up to pentad 3 lead. A diagnostic based on the vorticity budget equation during strong convective events (SCEs) associated with ISOs is used to understand better the mechanism of northward‐propagating ISOs and the responsible factors that develop a vorticity tendency to the north of convection maxima. The tilting term in the vorticity equation shows northward propagation and leads precipitation maxima by about a week over the Bay of Bengal. Vertical shear of mean zonal winds and meridional gradients of vertical winds are found to be essential in developing vorticity tendency. SCEs are better represented in CFS than in GFS. Notably, along with CFS_nsaszc, two CFS_sas members capture the occurrence of SCEs reasonably well. However, errors in vertical shear of mean zonal winds are remarkably high after pentad 2 lead in CFS_sas and GFS, explaining their relative weakness in simulating ISOs during June–September. This study demonstrates that the MPMME strategy could utilize individual physical schemes' strengths to provide better subseasonal forecasts.
A study of two‐dimensional single atom‐supported MXenes as hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts using density functional theory and machine learning
Authors: Liang Hongxing , Liu Peng‐Fei , Xu Min , Li Haotong , Asselin Edouard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractScreening promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial for the industrial scalability of sustainable energy storage. As HER catalysts, two‐dimensional (2D) MXenes are promising substitution materials for platinum. Tuning the surface termination and loading a single atom can help to improve the electrocatalytic performance of 2D MXenes. We utilized density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the catalyst activity, thermal stability, and dynamic stability of 2D single atom‐loaded MXenes with surface terminations. We demonstrate that 21 uninvestigated 2D single‐atom MXene catalysts, among 264 promising candidates, show an electrocatalytic activity surpassing that of platinum. Among the 21 most promising HER catalysts, 7 (Ti3C2I2Ir, Ti3C2Br2Cu, Ti3C2Br2Pt, Ti3C2Cl2Cu, Ti3C2Cl2Pt, Ti3C2Se2Au, and Ti3C2Te2Nb) are dynamically and thermally stable. Furthermore, machine learning tools predicted the catalyst activity and thermal stability using elemental properties that are easily available in chemical data repositories.
Improved passivity‐based control for Markovian jump singular systems with aperiodic sampling and actuator failures
Authors: Liang Xingyue , Xia Jianwei , Shen Hao , Yan Chengyuan , Wang Xiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis aricle investigates the passivity‐based control problem for Markovian jump singular systems with aperiodic sampling and actuator failures. Firstly, in order to fully consider the system information, two novel mode‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions (LKFs) are constructed, which are composed of one‐sided and two‐sided looped‐functionals respectively. Based on these two LKFs and an improved integral inequality, two stochastic admissibility and robust passivity criteria with lesser conservatism are given by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, through these theorems, it is proved that the positive constraint of LKFs can be relaxed from all times to sampling times for Markovian jump singular systems with aperiodic sampling and actuator failures. Then, two aperiodic sampled‐data controller algorithms are proposed by LMIs to ensure the stability of the systems. Finally, A numerical example and a model of DC motor driving an inverted pendulum are provided to demonstrate the validity of the main results.
Highly Selective Pd Nanosheet Aerogel Catalyst with Hybrid Strain Induced by Laser Irradiation and P Doping Postprocess
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhao Yan , Guo Ziang , Liu Xuan , Zhu Liye , Jiang Yijian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStrain engineering of electrocatalysts provides an effective strategy to improve the intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, the defect‐rich crystalline/amorphous Pd nanosheet aerogel with hybrid microstrain and lattice strain is synthesized by combining laser irradiation and phosphorus doping methods. The surface strain exhibited by the microstrain and lattice strain shifts the d‐band center of the electrocatalyst, enhancing the adsorption of intermediates in the ethanol oxidation reaction and thus improving the catalytic performances. The measured mass activity, specific activity and C1‐path selectivity of the Pd nanosheet aerogel are 4.48, 3.06, and 5.06 times higher than those of commercial Pd/C, respectively. These findings afford a new strategy for the preparation of highl activity and C1 pathway selective catalysts and provide insight into the catalytic mechanism of strain‐rich heterojunction materials based on tunable surface strain values.