bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of factors affecting uniformity of engine coolant flow rate
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Xu Honghai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aiming at the short service life of an engine cooling water sleeve caused by uneven heating, the CFD model is established using STAR-CCM+ software, and the flow field simulation in the cooling water sleeve is completed. Based on this premise, the orthogonal test design method is employed to investigate the effects of cross-section size and allocation of cylinder holes in various areas of the cooling water sleeve on the uniformity of coolant velocity. The results show that the cylinder holes near the thermostat outlet have the most significant impact on the coolant velocity uniformity, followed closely by the cylinder holes near the coolant inlet and, finally, the cylinder holes near the EGR cooler outlet. Furthermore, it is observed that the uniformity of the velocity increases with the decrease of the cross-section areas of the cylinder holes located near the thermostat as well as the EGR coolant, with the increase of the cross-section areas of the cylinder holes near the inlet, which decreases firstly and then increases later. The study results hold substantial reference value for optimizing this engine’s cooling water sleeve structure.
Research on 3D visual condition monitoring of marine bracket based on digital twin
Authors: Shen Yang , Zhou Jiacheng , Wang Shubao , Chen Yu , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is difficult to manage and control the marine brackets under the action of ship block load. Also, the maintenance is very labor-intensive and time-consuming. Aiming to resolve such problems, a three-dimensional (3D) visual condition monitoring method for marine brackets based on digital twins is proposed, and the overall architecture of the 3D visual monitoring system for marine brackets is designed. Therein, this paper focuses on the status data integration and management method of the bracket based on the intelligent node, the bracket 3D visual monitoring method based on digital twins and the bracket dynamic control method driven by real-time data. The marine bracket 3D visual monitoring system based on digital twins is developed based on Unity 3D. Through the bracket running status visual monitoring and point position control test, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
CFD analysis of a multi-layer continuous stirred tank based on an orthogonal experiment
Authors: Pei Xinwei , Xu Honghai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to study the solid-liquid mixing performance of a multi-layer continuous stirred tank, a finite element simulation model of the continuous stirred tank was constructed by using Solidworks software. The transient flow field analysis of the continuous stirred tank was completed by using STARCCM+ software. On this basis, the influence of stirred paddle blade speed, stirred paddle blade diameter, stirred paddle blade inclination angle, and lower paddle mounting height on the stirred tank solid-liquid mixing performance is studied. Using the orthogonal experiment method and selecting L9(34) orthogonal table to get 9 groups of programs, through the extreme variance analysis, the optimal combination of programs is determined. The experimental results show that considering the integrated slurry concentration distribution and equipment energy consumption, the optimal combination of parameters is a stirred paddle blade speed of 1400 rpm, a stirred paddle blade inclination angle of 45°, a stirred paddle blade diameter of 120 mm, and a lower paddle mounting height of 90 mm. The study’s results on improving the stirred tank paddle parameters serve as a valuable reference point for future research.
Study on the correlation between friction characteristics of microtextured surface and three-dimensional morphology characterization parameters in line contact state
Authors: Li Yang , Ren Cuifeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to study the correlation between frictional properties of line-contact high-secondary components and three-dimensional topography characterization parameters, micro-textures are processed on the metal circumferential surfaces by laser marking machine. Then, the Micro-modeling surfaces are quantitatively characterized by three-dimensional characterization parameters, and friction tests under a linear contact state are carried out on a friction testing machine. The results show that the decrease of Sku and Spc values and the increase of Ssk and Vmp values are beneficial to improving the surface frictional property. The values of Vvv, Vvc and connectivity coefficient Us are too large or too small to improve the surface frictional property.
Form finding of tensegrity-based cable dome based on monte carlo algorithm
Authors: Lin Min , Du Zhengyin , Ji Zhifei , Lin Xiaochuan , Yan Wenduan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tensegrity structures have been widely applied in the fields of cable domes, robotics, and sensors, due to their advantages of lightweight, accurate modeling, and deployable. This paper addresses the form-finding problem of tensegrity-based cable domes. An approach on the basis of the Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed to identify self-equilibrium configurations of cable domes. Afterward, the force density model and equilibrium equations are established, which lays the foundation for theoretical structural analysis. In addition, the rank deficiency conditions are obtained in order to guarantee structural stability and optimal pre-stress. Then, an optimization model of minimization error is developed to find the equilibrium configurations of cable domes. By treating force density as a variable in the Monte Carlo sampling process, the proposed approach can explore a vast solution space to pinpoint the optimal prestress distribution and structural configuration from numerous possibilities. Numerical experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the desired structure can be obtained swiftly by using the proposed algorithm with enhanced efficiency. The proposed method can present substantial practical value for the design and construction of tensegrity-based cable domes.
Study on excitation parameters of high-speed MAG welding under longitudinal magnetization control
Authors: Li Mingfa , Yang Fu , Wei Chengyuan , Sun Junjie , Yang Yuhang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The high-speed welding process is prone to weld defects, and magnetron welding technology can effectively eliminate weld defects. It has been widely used in common welding processes. MAG welding has a wide range of applications due to its high efficiency and flexibility. In this paper, the Q235 ordinary carbon structural steel is welded by MAG welding under the action of the external longitudinal magnetic field with different excitation parameters. The arc morphology change during the welding process is recorded, the weld morphology after welding is observed, the mechanical properties of the weld are tested, and the metallographic structure is compared and analyzed. Through the experiment, it is found that high-speed MAG welding can be achieved under the longitudinal magnetron, and the excitation current and excitation frequency are selected as 4A50Hz, which improves the stability of the welding arc, improves the weld defects, can obtain the weld with good forming effect and comprehensive mechanical properties, and can achieve high-speed and high-quality welding.
Application and effect analysis of simulink in vehicle dynamics simulation
Authors: Gao Yujie , Tao Jun , Zhang Lin , Gong Naifa , Ma Jinzhu , Li Wenzhe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper studies the application of Simulink in vehicle dynamics simulation and its effect analysis. First, the basic parameters of the vehicle, gearbox characteristics and design goals are elaborated in detail, laying the foundation for the construction of subsequent simulation models. Then, the characteristics of the Simulink simulation platform and its wide application in the field of vehicle engineering are outlined, emphasizing its advantages in dynamics simulation. Subsequently, a vehicle dynamics simulation model was constructed based on the Simulink platform. By deriving key modeling formulas, the dynamic performance of the vehicle under different working conditions was simulated, and the simulation results were displayed. Finally, the simulation results were deeply analyzed to verify the accuracy and reliability of the model, and prospects for future research directions were given. The research in this paper provides strong support for vehicle dynamics optimization and control strategy development.
Numerical simulation study of nozzle flow field during cold spraying
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Yang Kai , Zhou Wenzheng , Xia Zhihao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cold spraying is a high-velocity solid-state coating technology. The supersonic jet flow field, accelerated within the cold spraying nozzle, directly affects the coating results, making the study of the nozzle’s internal flow field crucial. This thesis employs Fluent software to establish a finite element simulation model of the gas-solid flow field within the Laval nozzle in cold spraying. The dynamic simulation analyzes the changes in the flow field of nitrogen gas and 7075 aluminum alloy particles inside the nozzle. The simulation results reveal that the gas phase velocity continuously increases within the nozzle; the turbulent kinetic energy of the gas initially increases and then decreases within the nozzle; the relationship between the spraying velocities of the gas and particles of different sizes within the nozzle is also determined.
Change for surface performance and layer structure of amorphous carbon-based films containing chromium under pressure annealing
Authors: Pan Jianyi , Xie Yangzhong , Ni Xinhua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of pressure on the surface performance and layer structure of amorphous carbon-based films containing chromium through argon annealing and pressure argon annealing. The results indicate that significant changes to the layer structure of amorphous carbon-based films are observed after pressure annealing. After 500°C pressure annealing, although the total thickness of amorphous carbon-based films does not change, the boundary between the sublayers in the film moves down 400 nm. Pressure promotes the diffusion of elements within the sublayers, triggering boundary movement in amorphous carbon-based films during pressure annealing. At the same annealing temperature, the film surface is smoother after annealing in argon compared to annealing in pressure argon. The lower roughness after argon annealing corresponds to a lower content of sp3 bonds. The surface hardness of the film after annealing in pressure argon is higher than that after annealing in argon, suggesting that pressure slows down the reduction in film hardness by delaying the graphitization process of the film.
Design of drag reduction and water pressure resistant skin layer of underwater vehicle based on mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Zhong Chuxiang , Cai Li , Mao Yibin , Yang Kaiwen , Yang Xiaokang , Yu Dianlong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Developing high-speed and large working depth underwater vehicles has gradually become a hot topic. Various drag-reduction skins and water pressure-resistant structures have been proposed to reduce surface resistance interference and increase the working water depth. Mechanical metamaterials can exhibit extraordinary static mechanical and quasi-static mechanical properties. It provides possibilities for achieving excellent static water pressure resistance and drag reduction simultaneously. This paper proposed an underwater elastic skin based on metamaterials and drag-reducing grooves. A composite functional skin was obtained by combining the negative Poisson’s ratio design of metamaterials with the V-groove drag reduction design. Analysis based on the COMSOL finite element simulation shows that lower flow resistance during high-speed and low-speed navigation and stronger pressure resistance can be achieved simultaneously. By comparing different drag reduction models, the drag reduction characteristics of the composite skin are analyzed. The results provide new ideas for the design of thin-layer multifunctional integrated underwater skins for UUV.
Gemological characterisation of yellowish-green montebrasite
Authors: Zhang Shuling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Montebrasite is a rare gemstone whose gemmological characteristics and identification methods have rarely been reported. In this paper, ten montebrasite gemstones were selected for nondestructive testing, including conventional gemmological testing, microscopic observation, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), laser-exfoliation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy, etc., and the gemmological and spectroscopic characteristics of montebrasite were clarified, and a method was found that could The method of rapid and indirect semi-quantitative estimation of the F content of montebrasite faceted gemstones has been developed, and the chromogenic genesis of montebrasite has been postulated. The aim is to enrich the gemmological data related to montebrasite, to find a fast and accurate method to identify the different analogous and homogeneous end elements of montebrasite, and to improve the detection efficiency. The results of conventional gemmological tests show that the refractive indices of the montebrasite samples are in the range of 1.605-1.634. Substituting the data into the formula nγ = -0.0053 wt% + 1.6477 yields an F content of 2.59-3.34 wt%, which preliminarily confirms that all of the samples belong to the montebrasite end element.
Preparation and structural control of bamboo joint pore structure SBA-15 mesoporous silica
Authors: Liu Kaixuan , Long Haibo , Yu Chuanshun , Wu Zeqing , Fu Zhongchao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
SBA-15-type mesoporous silica with bamboo joint pore structure was prepared from a simple ternary system of TEOS/P123/HCl(aq.) using partitioned cooperative self-assembly method, and the effects of different TEOS additions, different partitioned times, different water hating temperatures, and different hydrothermal temperatures on the bamboo joint pore SBA-15 structure were investigated. It was shown that the bamboo joint pore structure was most obvious when the ratio of the two TEOS additions was 6/4; the partitioned time was 4 h; the water hating temperature was 26°C and the hydrothermal temperature was 100°C. The water hating temperature had the greatest influence on the bamboo joint pore structure, and the bamboo joint pore structure gradually disappeared with the increase in water hating temperature until it became a regular mesoporous channel.
Preparation of TiO2/bucky paper by hydrothermal method and its photocatalytic performance
Authors: Qin Yanli , Huang Yu , Yang Yan , Jiang Yanshuang , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
TiO2/bucky paper composites were prepared by loading TiO2 on a bucky paper substrate by a simple hydrothermal method using tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) as the titanium source and anhydrous ethanol as the solvent. MO served as the target degradation object. Various TiO2/bucky papers were successfully synthesized by adjusting the reaction temperature and precursor concentration. Then, they were characterized using SEM, XRD, XPS, and UV-vis techniques. The TiO2/bucky paper was prepared at a temperature of 160°C. A precursor addition of 1.0 ml had the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 95.36 % within 90 min, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was still greater than 86 % after four cycles.
Preparation and electrochemical properties of vanadium doped NiCo-LDH electrode materials
Authors: Wang Zhide , Zhao Haitao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
NiCo-LDH electrode materials with different vanadium doping ratios were prepared on foam nickel substrate using the hydrothermal method. The microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of NiCo-LDH materials were examined in relation to vanadium doping. Electrochemical workstation, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate their structure, morphology, and electrochemical capabilities. The results showed that as the vanadium doping content increased from 0% to 40%, the electrode material gradually transformed from a needle cluster morphology to a more three-dimensional sea urchin morphology. With an increase in scanning rate, the CV curve area of NiCo-LDH electrode material doped with vanadium element gradually increases, and the overall symmetry is better. NiCo-LDH doped with 30% vanadium element has relatively better symmetry and capacitance area, exhibiting better electrochemical performance compared to other doping ratios, indicating that vanadium-doped NiCo-LDH materials have higher application potential in supercapacitors.
Study on microstructure evolution and properties of Fe-3.1% Si steel for new energy vehicles by adjusting normalizing temperature
Authors: Gao Yijing , Gao Zhenyu , Chen Haoran , Yuan Bingyu , Zheng Bowen , Xu Yunbo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Non-oriented silicon steel, a kind of Fe-Si alloy with high magnetic induction, high strength (mainly referring to yield strength), and low iron loss, is needed for the motor rotor of new energy vehicles. In this study, Fe-3.1% Si steel, which was 0.27 mm thick, was manufactured at different normalizing temperatures. The microstructure and the texture evolution of each process were studied. As the normalizing temperature rises, fine equiaxed recrystallized grains of normalized sheets are coarsened while the area fraction of elongated grains drops off. The mean size of recrystallized grains and the microstructure uniformity of final annealed sheets both increase with normalizing temperature from 800°C to 980°C. The magnetic and mechanical properties are well balanced in the case of 900°C normalization. The annealed sheet exhibits excellent properties with core loss P

10/400
of 16.65 W/Kg, magnetic induction B

50
of 1.70T, and yield strength YS of 446 MPa.
Effect of laser hardening on surface properties of high-speed steel
Authors: Deng Wenhao , Gong Xun , Du Chunyan , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To improve the service life of high-speed steel tools, this paper studies the influence of laser treatment on the wear resistance, hardening layer depth, and hardness of high-speed steel tools. The results show that the influence of laser power, lap rate, and scanning speed on the hardness of high-speed steel tools is from large to small. Laser surface hardening can improve the hardness of high-speed steel tools, the hardness of high-speed steel tools after laser surface hardening is about 922 HV, the hardness of non-laser surface hardening is about 418 HV, and the hardness of laser surface hardening is about 0.5 times higher than that of non-laser surface hardening. After laser surface quenching, the wear resistance of high-speed steel tools has also been improved, the wear rate of laser quenching after 0.0023% is about 0.001% lower than that of non-laser quenching after 0.0033%, and the wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear. After laser quenching, there are three areas on the surface of the high-speed steel tool: hardened layer, incomplete quenching zone, and matrix, and the carbon content of microstructure after laser quenching is increased.
Research on the coating parameters and properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coating sprayed by HVOF
Authors: Liu Caiyan , Mao Zhengping , Xu Xiaojie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The influence of certain coating parameters of HVOF (High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel) spraying on the microstructure and properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coating and the mechanism of microstructure formation of the coating is investigated. The results indicate that the characteristics of the high-temperature and high-velocity flame jet enable the acquisition of coatings with high hardness (>910 HV0.3), low porosity (<0.8%), high density (>99.2%) and uniform microstructure distribution. The neutral salt spray test demonstrates that the coating has good corrosion resistance properties.
Study on the properties of silicone-modified basalt fiber composites under damp heat aging
Authors: Lu Wenhao , Wei Xiaoxing , Xiao Xiang , Zhang Jinyin , Huang Zhixiong , Wu Peng , Liu Hecheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The humid and hot environment is a key factor that threatens the reliability of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP). In this work, a sizing agent with silicone-modified epoxy resin emulsion was used to study the capability of silicone-modified basalt fiber composites under damp heat aging. The test results show that the modified composite BFRP-SER has good resistance to damp heat aging, and its flexural strength and breakdown field strength decrease by 30.1% and 35.2%, respectively. This is because chemical bonds such as Si-O bonds and C-O bonds have high bond energy, and more energy is required to break these chemical bonds at high temperatures, resulting in a lower degree of hydrolysis of BFRP-SER and hindering the penetration of the medium, thus maintaining performance for a longer period of time.
Easily prepared and high-performance AgNPs as SERS substrates for trace thiram detection
Authors: Wei Yongquan , Qin Mimi , Liu Yansheng , Jia Xiaobo , Zhou Jin , Wang Guofu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, known for its ultra-high sensitivity and molecular specificity, is widely used for material detection. In this study, a high-performance SERS substrate was successfully fabricated by depositing a 10 nm silver film on a silicon wafer under low-vacuum conditions, systematically optimizing the annealing temperature. At the optimal annealing temperature, the silver film underwent particle formation, creating a high-density “hotspot” distribution, which significantly enhanced the SERS sensitivity. With rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a beta-molecule, the SERS performance of the nanostructure was evaluated, with the optimized substrate demonstrating the detection LOD achieved 10−8 M. A linear relationship was established between the intensity of the Characteristic Raman peak of thiram at 1384 cm−1 and the logarithm of its concentration, achieving a Correlation value is 0.986 and the LOD achieved 10−9 M.
Study of polyamine species modulating the properties of polyurea microencapsulated wall materials
Authors: He Yongjun , Feng Jingyun , Yi Xin , Kang Furu , Deng Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explored the impact of various polyamines on polyurea shell performance and identified optimal candidates for high-performance microcapsules. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) was combined with six polyamines (EDA, DAB, HMD, PPD, DETA, and TETA) to synthesize crosslinked polyurea shells via solvent-assisted precipitation polymerization. The polyurea coatings were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, SEM, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis to assess polymerization, microstructure, composition, and crystallinity. Results showed that polyamine type significantly influenced polyurea properties. Diamine-based polyureas had higher initial thermal stability, while triamine (DETA) and tetraamine (TETA) coatings exhibited better thermal degradation resistance. Tri-and tetraamine-based coatings also had uniform spherical morphologies and lower crystallinity, with TETA-derived polyurea demonstrating excellent thermal stability and low crystallinity, making it ideal for high-performance microcapsules. These findings guide the selection of suitable polyurea coatings for microcapsule applications, advancing phase change material technology.