bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Thrips in Soybeans, 1987
Authors: Whalen J. , Breeding Ron 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted on 15 May near Bridgeville, Del. Four-row plots, 20 ft long on 30-inch centers were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a bicycle design, CO2-pressurized sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and one centered over the row, calibrated to deliver 57 gal/acre at 40 psi. All treatments were applied 16 Jun. On 29 Jun thrips population levels were determined by collecting 20 randomly selected leaves from each plot, brushing them in a mite-brushing machine, and counting the thrips recovered.
Suppression of Sunflower Moth on Sunflower with Selected Insecticides, 1987
Authors: DePew L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sunwheat' sunflower was planted 20 May at the Southwest Kansas Experiment Station, Garden City, in a furrow-irrigated field. Seven insecticidal treatments and 1 untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows (3 m) × 12 m with 1.52 m separating blocks. Plots were irrigated and cultivated as needed. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using 106.6 liters of finished material/ha at an operating pressure at 2.1 kg/cm2. All treatments were applied on 22 Jul (50% bloom) and again on 27 Jul (100% bloom). The initial treatment was scheduled for 20% bloom, but poor weather conditions prevented this. Only the 2 middle rows of each plot were sprayed to minimize plot-to-plot contamination from drift. Temperatures at the start of application (early morning) were 17.2°C and 18.3°C on 22 and 27 Jul, respectively. Larval densities were determined by dissecting and examining 5 heads randomly selected from each plot. Heads were sampled 2 wk after the first insecticide application. Total rainfall from 1st application to posttreatment evaluation was 3.35 cm. Plots were not harvested for seed yield because severe bird depredation and head rot negated any differences that might have occurred as a result of insecticidal treatments.
Corn Earworm Control in Soybeans, 1987
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybean was planted in 30 inch rows at the Wye Research and Education Center neai Queenstown, Md., on 28 Jun. Treatment plots were 10 × 25 ft, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. At the time ol treatment on 4 Sep the plants were in the pod fill stage. Sprays were applied by CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 40 psi. Earworms were sampled by counting the number of larvae from 2 6-ft row samples/plot taken at random. Posttreatment samples were taken on 9 Sep.
Combined Insecticide Efficacy, When Applied at Two Plant Stages, Against Banded Sunflower Moth Larvae, Trial 2, 1986
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Ford Harlan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two ranges were planted to sunflower on 21 May at Lamberton, Minn. Plots consisted of 4 30-inch rows, 30 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied at stage 4 and 5.1 (90) on 25 Jul and 1 Aug, respectively. Application was made using a hand-held C02 sprayer, broadcast at 40 psi. About 17 gal total material/acre was applied. Temperatures were 82°F and 96°F at application times. Heads were taken from 2 center rows (5 × 25 ft), dried, and threshed without air. An uncleaned sample was removed for banded sunflower moth (BSM) larval counts. The remainder were cleaned, and the cleaned material and the BSM sample were weighed for yield. BSM populations were sufficient to provide good comparisons. All insecticides performed better than the untreated check. Karate at 0.025-and 0.05 lb (AI)/acre, Pydrin at 0.2 lb (AI)/acre, and Asana at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre provided better BSM control than Furadan. The highest yields were provided by Karate at 0.05 lb (AI)/acre and Pydrin at 0.2 lb (AI)/acre. In terms of timing it appears that 5.1 (90 +) is too late for maximum efficacy; application at stage 4 is better. It would be desirable to obtain efficacy data from early bloom application in the same trial.
Furadan Soil Systemics and Sunflower Seed Yield, 1987
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Wiersma John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was planted at the Northwest Experiment Station on 1 Jun. The soil was very finely textured and contained less than average moisture. Plots were 4 30-inch rows replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized ; complete block. Planting-time Furadan treatments were made 4 Jun and lightly incorporated. Furadan 4F was applied in a 4-inch band in the press wheel tracks and covered on 4 Jun. Foliars were applied 20 and 29 Jun and 15 Jul to maintain defoliation as near zero as possible. Yields were taken from 20 rowft.
Soil Systemic Vs. Foliar Insecticide Combinations and Sunflower Seed Yield, Trial 1, 1986
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Wiersma John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sunflower seed was planted on 20 May at the Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, Minn. Plots were 4 rows × 30 ft, replicated 4 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Liquid and granular soil systemics were applied in a 4-to-6-inch band 48 h after seeding and were covered with soil. Soil moisture in these finely textured soils was excellent. Foliars were applied on 26 Jun and 10 and 27 Jul using a hand-held C02 sprayer with 40 psi pressure and 17 gal total material/acre. Larval counts were taken 15 Jul. Plant height, stem infestation (not reported), and percent lodging were measured the third week of August. Yields were collected from a 5- × 10-ft area in the center 2 plot rows.
Green Peach and Potato Aphid Control on Maryland Tobacco, 1986
Authors: Hellman J. L. , Patton T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco MD 609’ was transplanted on 15 Jul at the University of Maryland Tobacco Research Farm near Upper Marlboro. Plots were 4 rows × 25 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Temik 15G was applied with a mechanical drop spreader. Furadan 15G and Disyston 15G were applied with a hand held shaker can. All treatments were applied the day of planting. Posttreatment counts were made on 29 Sep by counting the number of aphids on 5 plants/plot. The percentage of green peach aphid ranged from a high of 60% to a low of 30% from plant to plant.
Insecticides for the Control of Green Peach Aphid on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1987
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, Va. Plots consisted of single 40-ft rows of tobacco on 4-ft centers separated by untreated border rows. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Flue-cured tobacco was transplated on 12 May. Insecticides were applied on 1 Jul with a C02-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 24 gal through 3 TX-10 tips at 60 psi. Triton AG-98 was applied at 8 oz/100 gal to all insecticide spray mixtures except Ivory Liquid, Safer Soap, and one Orthene treatment. Aphids were counted between the 4th and 6th veins on the underside of 4 upper leaves of 10 plants/plot. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened. It was then cured, weighed, and graded for determination of its returns. There was 1.95 inches of precipitation during the 1st 3 days after transplanting. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and significant means were separated using DMRT. Aphid counts were transformed to Log10 (X + 1) before analysis of variance, but data are presented in the table as untransformed means.
Control of Tobacco Insect Pests on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Insecticides Applied in the Transplant Water 1987
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in test plots on 18 May. Transplant water applications of RH-7988 alone and in combination with Orthene were compared to Orthene applied in the transplant water and Temik 15G applied in a band for the control of insect pests feeding on tobacco foliage. Two row plots, 8 × 40 ft, were established in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Temik 15G was applied in a 12-inch band using a Gandy applicator mounted on a pushcart and incorporated with a rotary tiller on 15 May. The transplant water treatments were applied on 18 May as the plants were being set with a hand transplanter that delivered 200 gal/acre. Rainfall totals were 0.34, 1.10, 1.95, and 1.15 inches for May, June, July, and August, respectively. The test plots were also irrigated on 24 June (1.3 inches), 15 Jul (1.3 inches), 23 Jul (1.5 inches), 28 Jul, (1.5 inches) and 7 Aug (1 inch). Tobacco flea beetles were counted on 10 plants/plot at various times after transplanting. Flea beetle feeding holes were counted on the most damaged leaf of 10 plants/ plot on the first 2 observation dates and on 1 upper leaf of 10 plants/plot on the next 2 dates. Green peach aphids were counted on the right underside between the 4th and 6th lateral vein of 4 upper leaves on 10 plants/plot. Tomato and tobacco hornworms were counted together on all 24 plants of 1 row/plot. Tobacco leaves were harvested, cured, weighed, and graded for determination of returns in $/acre. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and! significant means were separated using DMRT. Aphid counts were transformed to log10(X + 1) before analysis of variance, but data are presented in the tables as untransformed means.
Control of Tobacco Insect Pests with Foliar Insecticides and An Insect Growth Regulator, 1987
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Hunter P. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen foliarapplied insecticides, including 1 insect growth regulator (IGR), were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station in Greeneville, Tenn. Burley tobacco was transplanted on 1 Jun. Plots were 4 rows × 30 ft, and plants were spaced 18 inches apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. Soil type was Cumberland silt loam, pH 6.4. Chemical treatments were applied 4 times during the season (6 and 23 Jul, and 6 and 16 Aug). Sprays were applied with 2.5-gal compressed-C02 sprayers at 30 gal/acre and 30 psi. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the 5th leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from top of plant. Aphid rating ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Budworm and hornworm larvae were counted on 75 plants from each plot. Tobacco was harvested on 19 Sep.
Evaluation of Cyromazine for Hessian Fly Control in Winter Wheat, 1986-1987
Authors: David Buntin G. , Kinard Danny J. , Sisk Lee R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trials 1 and 3 were conducted at the Bledsoe Research Farm in northern Pike County, Ga., and Trial 2 was conducted at the Southwest Branch Experiment Station in Sumter County. Seed in Trials 1 and 2 was planted in 8-inch rows at 90 lb of seed/acre on 1 and 29 Oct, respectively. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting with a small-seed box attached to the Tye grain drill. Plots measured 7 ft (10 rows) × 23 ft. Seed in Trial 3 was planted in 7-inch rows at 90 lb of seed/acre on 29 Oct using a small-plot grain drill. Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting with Nobel granular applicator units mounted on the drill. Plots i:. Trial 3 measured 5 ft (7 rows) × 12 ft. Plots in all trials were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with 4 replications. Hessian fly infestations Where evaluated in each plot by determining the percentage of infested tillers from all plants in a 1-ft section of row. Samples were collected in Trials 1, 2, and 3 on 22 Nov, 5 Dec, and 5 Jan, respectively. Plots were harvested in Trials 1 and 2 on 2 and 20 Jun, respectively, by threshing all grain heads in 2 adjacent 1.1-yd sections of row using a small-bundle thresher. Grain yield was adjusted to 13.5% moisture content, and test weight was measured.
Cutworm Control in Creeping Bentgrass, 1987
Authors: Ali A. D. , Garcia J. M. , Van Dam J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on a golf course putting green in Apple Valley, Calif. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual plot size was 100 ft2. The granular formulation was shaken from a glass jar over the plots and watered in the 10 liters/100 sq ft of water. Liquid formulations were applied with a Solo knapsack sprayer using a hollow-cone nozzle at 32 psi and a spray rate of 4 gal/1,000 sq ft. Cutworm larval density was estimated by flooding two randomly selected areas of 1 sq yd/plot, each with 1 gal of a 1% household detergent solution. After 2-3 min the cutworms became irritated and emerged to the surface. Pretreatment larval counts were taken on 23 Jul, after which treatments were applied. There was an average of 0.16 larvae/sq yd pretreatment. Posttreatment counts were taken on 28 Jul. Soil texture was sandy loam. Water was pH 7.4. Thatch was negligible (Vm inch). The plots were irrigated once with 1.25 inches of water during the study.
Cutworm Control in Hybrid Bermudagrass, 1987
Authors: Garcia J. M. , Ali A. D. , Van Dam J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on a sod farm in Thermal, Calif. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Individual plot size was 100 sq ft. Liquid formulations were applied with a Solo knapsack sprayer using a hollow-cone nozzle at 32 psi, and a spray rate of 4 gal/1000 sq ft. Cutworm larval density was estimated by flooding 2 randomly selected 1 sq yd areas per plot. After 2-3 min the cutworms emerged to the surface and were counted. Pretreatment larval counts were taken on 28 Aug, after which treatments were applied. There was an average of 0.94 larvae/yd2 pretreatment. Posttreatment counts were taken on 1 Sep. Soil texture was sandy loam. Water was pH 7.2. Thatch was negligible (Vie inch). Average temperature during the study was 95°F. The plots were irrigated daily with 0.1 inch of water during the study. All treatments
White Grub Control in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1987
Authors: Ali A. D. , Garcia J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a golf course fairway in Apple Valley, Calif. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plot size was 5 × 20 sq ft. Granular formulations were shaken from a glass jar manually over the plots. Liquids were applied with a Solo knapsack sprayer using a hollow-cone nozzle at 32 psi, and a spray rate of 6 gal/1000 sq ft. Immediately after application, treatments were watered in with 0.5 inch of water. Pretreatment grub density was determined on 15 Sep by cutting 41 ft × 1 ft × 3 inch randomly selected sections in the sod in each plot and counting the number of grubs. Insecticide treatments were applied the same date. Posttreatment grub density was determined in the same manner on 14 Oct. Average thatch thickness was 0.5 inch. Water was pH 7.4. The course was irrigated daily with 0.25 inch as normal.
Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway, 1987
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated on a golf course fairway at the Grove Park Inn near Asheville, N.C. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass and annual bluegrass maintained at a height of 2 inches with 0.5 inch of thatch. Soil type was mineral (0.7% organic matter) at pH 6.6. Treatments were applied 28 Apr (except the second application in the 2- + 2-lb Diazinon split treatment, which was applied 5 May) to 10- × 10-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Air temperature was 67°F and soil temperature was 58°F. Soil was moist at time of insecticide application. Granular formulations were applied using a hand-held glass shaker jar with a perforated top. Sprays were applied with a COz-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat-fan nozzles. After application, all plots were irrigated with 0.5 inch of water. Plots were sampled on 21 May (23 DAT) by inspecting 1 sq ft of sod and all the underlying soil to a depth of 4 inches (most grubs were within 2 inches of the soil surface during both treatment and sampling). Two samples/plot were selected at random. All grubs (100% Japanese beetle grubs, 3rd instar) were counted and removed. Counts from the 2 samples were averaged and the data were transformed × + 0.5 prior to analysis.
Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Lewistown, Pa., 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi at a spray rate of 5 gal/1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, and mixed with a fine grade of sand top dressing to facilitate product distribution. Three Diazinon treatments were applied in a split application; 2 lb (AI)/acre was applied on 25 Aug and again 7 days later (1 Sep). At treatment time (25 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 68°F; soil temperature, 79°F; RH, 55% amount of thatch, 0.25-0.75 inches; soil type, loam; soil size separation, 40.2% sand, 43.6% silt, 16.2% clay; soil moisture, 26.3% soil moisture, soil pH 5.4; % organic matter, 3.0; water pH, slightly acidic; 4.85 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. The following conditions existed on 1 Sep for the second split application of Diazinon treatments: air temperature, 63°F; soil temperature, 61°F, RH, 85% % soil moisture, 20.3. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 25 days later (19 Sep). Three sq ft sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs/sq ft was recorded.
Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Southern Masked Chafer Grubs in Kentucky, 1987
Authors: Redmond C. , Potter D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in a bluegrass plot in Fayette County. The thatch layer was &lt;0.25 inch. On 5 Aug, 72 turf and soil cores (6 × 6 inches) were removed from the plot and set inside 6-inch-diam × 7-inch-long sections of PVC pipe; the bottoms of the soil cores were even with the bottom of the pipe. A piece of fiberglass window, screen was placed over each hole and the pipes were replaced in the plot. The plot was then irrigated. Third-instar southern masked chafer grubs were collected from an untreated golf course rough on 26 Aug. Ten grubs were placed in each cylinder. Grubs not burrowing into the soil within 30 min were replaced. Insecticide treatments were applied 31 Aug. The randomized complete block design consisted of 6 replications with 12 treatments, including a control. Granular insecticides were mixed with dry sand and hand shaken into the cylinders. The liquid formulations were sprayed with 10 ml of water into the cylinders. The nematode treatment was mixed with 3.8 ml of water and applied. The plot was then irrigated with 0.75 inches of water. On 17 Sep, the cylinders were removed from the plot, the soil cores were broken apart, and the surviving grubs were counted. Data were analyzed by Anova and Tukey's mean separation test.
Fall Control of Oriental Beetle Grubs with Insecticides and Entomogenous Nematodes on a Golf Course J 1987
Authors: Villani M. G. , Wright R. J. , Consolie F. , Preston-Wilsey L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides and 1 species of entomogenous nematode were applied to a rough at Lido Beach Country Club, Long Island, N.Y., on 12 Aug fori control of Oriental beetle grubs. The rough consisted of annual bluegrass (75%) and broadleaf weeds (25%). The experimental design was a randomized! complete block with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 × 10 ft. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Gandy 2.5 spreader. Liquid,- materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied in 2 directions within each plot with 11.4 liters (3 gal) of water through a watering can. At treatment time-(12 Aug) the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 81°F; soil temperature, 86°F (1 inch), 82°F (3 inches); soil pH 6.1; water pH 5.84; soil moisture, 21.4%; soil texture, 7.9% coarse sand, 45.5% medium sand, 36.4% fine sand, 5.9% very fine sand, and 4.3% silt and clay; thatch, 0.25 inches. Following treatment, the plots recieved 0.5 inches of irrigation by sprinkler. The nematodes, Heterorhabditis sp. (strain HP 88), were applied on 20 Aug at a rate of 5 billion/acre in 5 liters of water through a sprinkling can to the center 4 sq ft of each plot. The nematode application site was immediately watered in by hand with additional water for a total of 11.4 liters. At this time the following environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 84°F; soil temp, 79°F (1 inch). Posttreatment counts were taken on 22 Sep by cutting a 1- × 3-ft strip lengthwise through the middle of each plot by hand and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. A 3-sq-ft sample of sod was examined in each plot, and the surviving grubs were counted. Grub species identifications were made in the field. At this time oriental beetle grubs were 80% third instars and 20% second instars.
White Grub Control on a Golf Course Fairway, West Virginia, 1987
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diazinon at standard rates and in a split application was compared with four other insecticides for control of white grubs on a fairway. The only species present during the test was Japanese beetle. Treatments were applied 25 Aug in a completely random design and replicated 4 times. Plot size was 10 × 10 ft. Liquid formulations were applied in 1 gal of water with a hand-held sprinkling can; granules were applied with a hand shaker. All plots were irrigated with fairway sprinklers about 2 h after treatments were applied; about 2 gal of water was used/plot. The second application of Diazinon was applied 1 wk after the initial application. Environmental and soil conditions at treatment time were as follows: air temperature, 68°F, soil moist; soil temperature 70°F (4 inches), soil pH 6.2; organic matter, 5.5%; thatch layer Vs to l4 inches. Four locations on each plot were sampled using a cup changer (4.25 inches diam).
Phytotoxicity on Chrysanthemums, Hawaii, 1987
Authors: Hata T. Y. , Hara A. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted from 23 Jun to 18 Aug on 'Eclipse,' 'Envy,' Tridon,' 'Yellow Mandalay,' and 'Splendor' chrysanthemums. Cuttings were planted in 5-inch-diam pots containing 3 parts peat, 1 part vermiculite, 1 part perlite. Chrysanthemums were fertilized and maintained by commercial growers' standard practice. Pots were arranged in a randomized complete block with 9 pots/treatment and 3 blocks/cultivar. Insecticides were applied at twice the recommended rate 7 days after planting on 23 Jun and continued at weekly intervals until full bloom on 18 Aug. A total of 9 applications of selected insecticides were made at the following rates: Danitol 2.4EC, 0.6 lb (AI)/100 gal, Tempo 2EC, 0.125 lb (AI)/100 gal; Talstar 10WP, 0.2 lb (AI)/100 gal; and Carzol 92SP, 0.92 lb (AI)/100 gal. Treatments were applied using a compressedair sprayer with a 2503 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. Plants were observed weekly for any abnormalities as compared to control plants.