bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of expandable graphite on the thermal, flame retardant and mechanical characteristics of short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites
Authors: Has Musa , Erdem Aysegul , Savas Lemiye Atabek , Tayfun Umit , Dogan Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

The fire retardant performance of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA 6) composites plays an important role in their novel application fields. Thus, expandable graphite (EG) is integrated into CF containing PA 6 composite system to donate halogen-free flame retardant property based upon intumescence. The effect of EG amount on the thermal, flame retardant, and mechanical properties of CF reinforced PA 6 composites is examined. The properties of the composites are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94 V), mass loss calorimeter (MLC), tensile, and impact tests. According to the test results, thermal stability reduces as the added amount of EG increases. The addition of EG improves fire performance and reduces the flammability characteristics of CF containing PA6 composites. The highest LOI value (36.4%), UL-94 V rating (V0), and the lowest peak heat release rate (pHRR) (74 kW/m2), total heat evolved (THE) (23.9 MJ/m2) values are observed with the inclusion of 30 wt% EG. The impact strength increases at 10 wt% EG addition, whereas negligible change is observed at higher EG loadings with respect to the reference sample. The increase in tensile modulus and the reductions in tensile strength and percentage elongation are observed as the added amount of EG increases. In brief, CF reinforced PA6 composites gain multifunctional characteristic with the help of interaction between EG and CF based on condensed phase fire-proofing behavior.
Hook plate fixation with versus without coracoclavicular reconstruction for distal clavicular fractures
Authors: Wu Shuang , Chen Jialei , Zhang Jie , Shakya Sujan , Xing Fei , Sun Jiachen , Xiang Zhou 
Published: April 2022

Purpose Hook plate fixation is one of the most frequently used methods for unstable distal clavicular fractures, but it is still unknown if there is a need for coracoclavicular (CC) reconstruction. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of hook plate fixation with versus without CC reconstruction for distal clavicular fractures. Methods Eighty-one patients who underwent hook plate fixation (HP group, n = 45) or hook plate fixation plus suture anchor reconstruction (HPA group, n = 36) for Neer type II or V clavicular fractures were enrolled. Demographics, fracture characteristics, and surgical data were recorded. Union time, coracoclavicular distance (CCD), post-operative complications, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score were compared between HPA and HP groups. Results Constant score in the HPA group was higher than that in the HP group (91.8 ± 3.6 vs 88.8 ± 6.0, P = 0.007). However, there were no significant differences in union time, DASH score, CCD, and post-operative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Hook plate fixation combined with CC reconstruction costed more (3023.7 ± 202.6 vs 2416.2 ± 167.6 EUR, P < 0.001) and prolonged operative duration (78.2 ± 9.2 vs 73.7 ± 8.3 min, P = 0.023) compared with hook plate fixation alone. Conclusion Hook plate fixation with or without suture anchor reconstruction achieved satisfactory outcomes for Neer type II or V clavicular fractures. However, hook plate fixation plus CC reconstruction showed better functional outcomes compared with hook plate fixation alone.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with lateral extra-articular tenodesis reduces knee rotation laxity and graft failure rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Jing , Cao Yangbo , Tan Lingjie , Liang Jiehui , He Chunrong , He Jinshen , Wu Song 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To determine whether the addition of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) reduces rotational laxity of the knee, and to compare the clinical results of this treatment with those of ACLR alone. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched by two researchers for clinical studies comparing ACLR with and without LET. Studies with only evidence levels I and II and studies in which anterior lateral ligament reconstruction was performed with grafts were excluded. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias and modified Downs & Black tools. The outcomes included (1) functional outcomes; (2) knee laxity measures; (3) knee injury osteoarthritis and outcome score; and (4) complications. The outcomes of the two groups were extracted, summarized and compared. Results A total of 234 studies were retrieved and 223 were excluded. Eleven clinical studies with 1745 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Compared to the patients who underwent ACLR alone, the patients who underwent ACLR with LET had reduced pivot-shift (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31 to 0.74, p = 0.0009), and lower graft failure rate (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.55, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Compared with ACLR only, ACLR combined with LET can effectively reduce rotation laxity of the knee joint, and reduce the graft failure rate in high-risk patients. However, the effects on the function and activity level of patients cannot be confirmed.
The Establishment and Experimental Verification of an lncRNA-Derived CD8+ T Cell Infiltration ceRNA Network in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhang Zhiyuan , Ji Meiling , Yan Tao , Jiang Yudong , Chen Yijiao , Chang Jiang , Zhang Jicheng , Tang Dong , Zhu Dexiang , Wei Ye 
Published: April 2022

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNA) lead a vital role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The infiltrating CD8+ T cell is the main target of immunotherapy. Our study aimed to figure out the potential mechanism of lncRNAs regulating the function of CD8+ T cells in CRC. Methods: We collected bulk RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The cibersort algorithm and correlation analysis were used to estimate the abundance of CD8+ T cells and screened out the most relevant lncRNAs. We used scRNA-seq data to identify the main cell lncRNA expressed. Furthermore, one competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network focusing on the potential mechanism of lncRNA-derived CD8+ T cell infiltration was constructed. We established a co-culture system to assess the immunosuppressive function of the lncRNA. And we evaluated the effects of the lncRNA on CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity by flow cytometry, qPCR, and clone formation assay. Results: Three CD8+ T cell infiltration-related lncRNAs were identified, and LINC00657 was expressed mainly in tumor cells, negatively associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. Hsa-miRNA-1224-3p and hsa-miRNA-338-5p and SCD, ETS2, UBE2H, and YY1 were identified to construct the ceRNA network. Immunosuppression-related tumor marker CD155 was proved to be positively correlated with LINC00657 and mRNAs in the ceRNA network. In addition, we proved that LINC00657 could impair the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, and its expression was positively associated with CD155 in vitro. Conclusions: We successfully constructed an lncRNA-derived CD8+ T cell infiltration ceRNA network in CRC. LINC00657 may play a leading role in the CRC immune escape and could be a novel immunotherapy target.
Long-term immunological consequences of anti-CD20 therapies on humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines in multiple sclerosis: an observational study
Authors: Moser Tobias , O’Sullivan Ciara , Otto Ferdinand , Hitzl Wolfgang , Pilz Georg , Schwenker Kerstin , Mrazek Cornelia , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth , Trinka Eugen , Wipfler Peter , Harrer Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Background: Anti-CD20 therapies induce pronounced B-cell depletion and blunt humoral responses to vaccines. Recovery kinetics of anti-CD20 therapy-mediated cellular and humoral effects in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are poorly defined. Objective: To investigate the duration of the anti-CD20 treatment-induced effects on humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: This retrospective observational study included pwMS who had discontinued anti-CD20 therapy for ⩾12 months and remained without immunomodulation. We retrieved demographics and laboratory parameters including B-cell counts and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels prior to anti-CD20 commencement (baseline) and longitudinally after anti-CD20 treatment discontinuation from electronic medical records. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were compared with a population of 11 pwMS with ongoing anti-CD20 medication (control cohort). Results: A total of 24 pwMS had discontinued anti-CD20 therapy for a median of 34 months (range: 16–38 months). Antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccines were available in 17 (71%). Most individuals ( n = 15, 88%) elicited a measurable antibody response [mean: 774 BAU/ml (±SD 1283 BAU/ml)] to SARS-CoV-2 immunization on average 22 months (range: 10–30 months) from the last anti-CD20 infusion, which was higher compared with the population with ongoing anti-CD20 therapy ( n = 11, mean: 12.36 ± SD 11.94 BAU/ml; p < 0.00001). Significantly increased antibody levels compared with the control cohort were found among pwMS who were vaccinated >18 months after treatment discontinuation (19–24 months: n = 2, p = 0.013; 25–36 months: n = 9; p < 0.001). The interindividual kinetics for B-cell reconstitution were heterogeneous and mean B-cell counts approached normal ranges 18 months after treatment discontinuation. There was no correlation of B-cell repopulation and vaccine responses. Mean total IgG, IgM, and IgA levels remained within the reference range. Conclusion: Anti-CD20-induced inhibition of humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines is transient and antibody production was more pronounced >18 months after anti-CD20 treatment discontinuation. The immunological effect on B-cell counts appears to wane by the same time.
Incidence of dural metastases in castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Khondker Adree , Kwong Jethro CC , Tran Christopher , Evans Emily , Aditya Ishan , Raveendran Lucshman , Chen Yingming A , Ali Amna , Feifer Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The natural history and clinical manifestations of dural metastases (DM) in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) will change with advances in new hormonal therapy. Here, we characterised the incidence, clinical presentation, and outcomes of patients with DM in a contemporary patient cohort with CRPC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our CRPC database from 2012 to 2020. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of DM, defined as metastasis to the dura mater in the brain or spine. We describe the presenting symptoms, biochemistry, radiologic findings, and therapy sequence for all DM patients. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of DM. Results: Six of the 275 patients (2.2%) with CRPC developed DM. The average age of CRPC diagnosis for patients with DM was 65.6 years. Mean patient survival was 4.5 months after the diagnosis of DM. At the time of CRPC diagnosis, patients who developed DM were significantly younger, had lower baseline haemoglobin, higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to those without DM. On multivariable analysis, younger age of CRPC diagnosis was found to be a predictor for DM. Conclusion: The presence of neurological symptoms in the context of younger age, anaemia, and elevated baseline LDH and ALP are associated with DM in CRPC. Level of Evidence: 4
Procoagulant platelet sentinels prevent inflammatory bleeding through GPIIBIIIA and GPVI
Authors: Kaiser Rainer , Escaig Raphael , Kranich Jan , Hoffknecht Marie-Louise , Anjum Afra , Polewka Vivien , Mader Magdalena , Hu Wenbo , Belz Larissa , Gold Christoph , Titova Anna , Lorenz Michael , Pekayvaz Kami , Kääb Stefan , Gaertner Florian , Stark Konstantin , Brocker Thomas , Massberg Steffen , Nicolai Leo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Impairment of vascular integrity is a hallmark of inflammatory diseases. We recently reported that single immune-responsive platelets migrate and reposition themselves to sites of vascular injury to prevent bleeding. However, it remains unclear how single platelets preserve vascular integrity once encountering endothelial breaches. Here we demonstrate by intravital microscopy combined with genetic mouse models that procoagulant activation (PA) of single platelets and subsequent recruitment of the coagulation cascade are crucial for the prevention of inflammatory bleeding. Using a novel lactadherin-based compound, we detect phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive procoagulant platelets in the inflamed vasculature. We identify exposed collagen as the central trigger arresting platelets and initiating subsequent PA in a CypD- and TMEM16F-dependent manner both in vivo and in vitro. Platelet PA promotes binding of the prothrombinase complex to the platelet membrane, greatly enhancing thrombin activity and resulting in fibrin formation. PA of migrating platelets is initiated by costimulation via integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIBIIIA)/Gα13-mediated outside-in signaling and glycoprotein VI signaling, leading to an above-threshold intracellular calcium release. This effectively targets the coagulation cascade to breaches of vascular integrity identified by patrolling platelets. Platelet-specific genetic loss of either CypD or TMEM16F as well as combined blockade of platelet GPIIBIIIA and glycoprotein VI reduce platelet PA in vivo and aggravate pulmonary inflammatory hemorrhage. Our findings illustrate a novel role of procoagulant platelets in the prevention of inflammatory bleeding and provide evidence that PA of patrolling platelet sentinels effectively targets and confines activation of coagulation to breaches of vascular integrity.
The effects of mepiquat chloride (DPC) on the soluble protein content and the activities of protective enzymes in cotton in response to aphid feeding and on the activities of detoxifying enzymes in aphids
Authors: Zhang Quan-Cheng , Deng Xiao-Xia , Wang Jun-Gang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Mepiquat chloride (DPC) enhances the resistance of cotton plants, and it is widely used as a growth regulator. DPC can stimulate photosynthesis, stabilize the structure of cotton leaves, and affect population reproduction and energy substances in Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton aphids), but interactions between DPC and cotton aphids remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the physiological responses of cotton to DPC, and the toxicity of DPC toward cotton aphids, before and after feeding, to explore the DPC-induced defense mechanism against cotton aphids.

Results
Measurements of protective enzyme activity in cotton showed that the soluble protein contents, peroxidase (POD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in cotton treated with different concentrations of DPC were higher than in the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher than that of the control when the concentration of DPC was < 0.1 g/L. Under aphid feeding stress, POD activity in cotton treated with a low insect population density was significantly lower than in the controls, but the reverse was true for cotton treated with a high insect population density, and SOD activity was positively correlated with population density. The activities of detoxification enzymes in field and laboratory experiments showed that DPC promoted the specific activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in cotton aphids, while the specific activities of carboxylesterase (CarE) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were decreased.

Conclusions
DPC enhanced the aphid resistance in cotton by increasing the soluble protein content and the activity of protective enzymes. It also had a toxic effect on cotton aphids by increasing GST activity (the main DPC target). DPC increased the soluble protein content and protective enzymes activity in cotton under aphid stress, and thereby enhanced tolerance to cotton aphids. It conclude that DPC interferes with cotton aphids through indirect (DPC induced cotton defense responses) and direct (DPC toxicity to cotton aphids) ways, which plays a positive role in interfering with cotton aphids.
Postoperative pulmonary complications and outcomes in cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Xu Mengmeng , Zhang Wei , Gao Chen , Zhou Ying , Xie Yanhu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), the perioperative factors associated with PPCs, and the association of PPCs with postoperative outcomes in ovarian cancer patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery in our hospital, between September 2017 and January 2021, and patient medical records were reviewed to collect relevant clinical information. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify significant risk factors for PPCs. Analysis of the association of PPCs with postoperative outcomes, mortality and 30-day readmission, was undertaken utilizing propensity score-matched controls and multivariable logistic regression model.

Results
Final analysis was performed with 268 ovarian cancer patients after cytoreductive surgery, among whom the incidence of PPCs was 26.9%, and the most frequent pulmonary complication was pleural effusion. According to the multivariate analysis, the intraoperative fluid infusion volume (L) (odds ratio (OR) 1.34; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01–1.77; P = 0.040), diameter size of diaphragmatic resection (cm) (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.06–1.28; P = 0.002), and surgical complexity scores (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.13–1.42; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the development of PPCs. The multivariable logistic regression analyses with propensity-matched controls demonstrated that the occurrence of PPCs significantly increased the risk of 30-day readmission (OR 6.01; 95% CI 1.12–32.40; P = 0.037) and did not significantly affect inpatient mortality.

Conclusion
Ovarian cancer patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery, especially those with diaphragmatic resection or higher surgical complexity scores, represent a high-risk population for PPCs. In addition, goal-directed fluid therapy is vital to reducing the occurrence of PPCs in patients at risk. PPCs were not associated with in-hospital mortality but were significantly associated with an increased risk of 30-day readmission after cytoreductive surgery.
Comparison of the Jcerity Endoscoper Airway with the LMA supreme for airway management in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm embolization: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Zhou Junfei , Li Lu , Wang Fang , Lv Yunqi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Jcerity Endoscoper Airway is a new back-open endoscopic laryngeal mask airway device with a unique design. Our study sought to compare the implantation, ventilation quality and complications of JEA (Jcerity Endoscoper airway) versus LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway) Supreme in the procedure of cerebral aneurysm embolization.

Methods
In this prospective, randomised clinical trial, 182 adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists class Ι-II scheduled for interventional embolization of cerebral aneurysms were randomly allocated into the Jcerity Endoscoper airway group and the LMA Supreme group. We compared success rate of LMA implantation, ventilation quality, airway sealing pressure, peak airway pressure, degree of blood staining, postoperative oral hemorrhage, sore throat and other complications between the groups.

Results
There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of one-time success rate of LMA implantation, ventilation quality, airway sealing pressure or airway peak pressure. However, LMA Supreme group showed a higher degree of blood staining than the JEA group when the laryngeal mask airway was removed (P = 0.04), and there were also more oral hemorrhages and pharyngeal pain than JEA group (P = 0.03, P = 0.02). No differences were observed between groups in terms of other airway complications related to the LMA.

Conclusions
The JEA could not only achieve comparable one-time success rate of implantation and quality of ventilation as the LMA Supreme, but also have lower blood staining degree of mask and less sore throat in patients undergoing perioperative anticoagulation for cerebral aneurysm interventional embolization.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100044133; Registered 11/03/2021.
Statement: This study adheres to CONSORT guidelines.
High rates of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension upon a screening campaign in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ntaganda Evariste , Mugeni Regine , Harerimana Emmanuel , Ngoga Gedeon , Dusabeyezu Symaque , Uwinkindi Francois , Utumatwishima Jean N. , Mutimura Eugene , Davila-Roman Victor G. , Schechtman Kenneth , Nishimwe Aurore , Twizeyimana Laurence , Brown Angela L. , Cade W. Todd , Bushaku Marcus , de Las Fuentes Lisa , Reeds Dominic , Twagirumukiza Marc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypertension remains the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide with a prevalence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) among the highest. The early detection of hypertension risk factors is a crucial pillar for CVD prevention.

Design and method
This cross-sectional study included 4284 subjects, mean age 46 ± 16SD, 56.4% females and mean BMI 26.6 ± 3.7 SD. Data were collected through a screening campaign in rural area of Kirehe District, Eastern of Rwanda, with the objective to characterize and examine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and other CVD risk factors. An adapted tool from the World Health Organization STEPwise Approach was used for data collection. Elevated BP was defined as ≥ 140/90 mm/Hg and elevated blood glucose as blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL after a 6-h fast.

Results
Of the sampled population, 21.2% (n = 910) had an elevated BP at screening; BP was elevated among individuals not previously known to have HTN in 18.7% (n = 752). Among individuals with a prior diagnosis of HTN, 62.2% (n = 158 of 254) BP was uncontrolled. Age, weight, smoking, alcohol history and waist circumference were associated with BP in both univariate analyses and multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
High rates of elevated BP identified through a health screening campaign in this Rwandan district were surprising given the rural characteristics of the district and relatively low population age. These data highlight the need to implement an adequate strategy for the prevention, diagnosis, and control of HTN that includes rural areas of Rwanda as part of a multicomponent strategy for CVD prevention.