bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptions de la recherche des universitaires de sciences de l’éducation et formes des travaux émergents
Authors: Bart Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Partant d’une approche théorique de l’activité scientifique qui insiste sur le processus d’évaluation et de construction par les pairs de la qualité de recherche émergente, cet article vise à cerner les cadres de référence à partir desquels les travaux émergents sont reconnus par les chercheurs de la communauté de recherche en éducation. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur les résultats d’une enquête par entretiens menée auprès d’enseignants-chercheurs en sciences de l’éducation. Les interviews portaient notamment sur leur conception de la recherche et de ses activités attenantes. L’analyse de contenu des discours recueillis nous permet d’élaborer quatre formes distinctes de « l’émergence » qui se différencient selon des dimensions épistémologiques, organisationnelles, axiologiques et selon les modes privilégiés de formalisation et de communication de ces travaux. En conclusion, nous discutons des enjeux actuels de l’innovation scientifique pour la recherche en éducation.
Nouveaux modèles de formation et enseignement supérieur : l’exemple du tutorat à l’université
Authors: Annoot Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2022

En 1998, le tutorat est officialisé dans l’ensemble des universités françaises par un arrêté du Ministère de l’Éducation nationale. Le tutorat d’accompagnement méthodologique et pédagogique s’effectue sur la base du volontariat pour les étudiants et revêt des formes variées. De nombreux travaux ont exposé les apports et les limites du tutorat. Il sera utile d’en exposer les principales conclusions. En 2007, un plan pluri-annuel pour la réussite en licence, intitulé « Plan licence » est lancé. La loi du 10 août 2007 sur les libertés et responsabilités des universités donne aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur une nouvelle mission en matière d’orientation et d’insertion professionnelle. Dans ce cadre institutionnel, la fonction « tutorat » n’est plus exclusivement réservée aux étudiants puisque les enseignants sont sollicités pour l’aide individualisée (notion d’enseignant référent). Cette aide se décline à plusieurs étapes du parcours de l’étudiant (aide à l’orientation, accueil en premier cycle, parcours progressif dans une licence rénovée, aide à l’insertion) par rapport à des finalités définies à partir du niveau de compétences à atteindre par l’étudiant dans la formation (compétences spécifiques aux disciplines et compétences génériques). On pourra tenter une définition actualisée du tutorat étudiant dans les nouvelles dispositions du plan licence. Cet article a donc pour but de montrer comment le plan licence, lancé en décembre 2007, redéfinit la place du tutorat dans les formations universitaires, ce dispositif devenant un élément d’une politique d’établissement visant à favoriser la réussite des étudiants dès la dernière année du lycée. L’auteure s’interrogera sur la place du discours scientifique dans la définition et l’analyse de ces politiques publiques. Elle s’appuiera sur la synthèse d’un ensemble de travaux de recherche élaborés sur le tutorat conduits avec l’Institut national de Recherche pédagogique (1997-2001) puis le C.N.C.R.E. (1998-2000) et sur un programme en cours intitulé « Formation, qualification, emploi » conduit au sein du Grand réseau de recherche « Culture et Société en Normandie ». Enfin, elle posera des questions sur l’analyse des effets de ces politiques au regard des objectifs affichés et précisera, en conclusion, en quoi ce thème fait émerger des thématiques de recherche centrales pour comprendre les mutations récentes de l’université française.
Les classes préparatoires scientifiques T.B. et A.T.S. : des « prépas » mal connues et reconnues
Authors: Fontanini Christine 
Published: April 2022

Cet article s’intéresse à deux classes préparatoires scientifiques peu connues et reconnues dans le monde de l’éducation, de la recherche et de la politique : la préparation Technologie et Biologie (T.B.) et A.T.S. Biologie (années préparatoires spéciales pour technicien supérieur). Pourtant, ces préparations existent depuis plus de vingt ans. Notre recherche par questionnaire, en 2008, auprès de 28 élèves de la classe T.B. (15 filles et 13 garçons) de première année et de 31 élèves de la préparation A.T.S. Biologie (16 filles et 15 garçons) de deux lycées toulousains a mis en évidence que ces deux préparations permettent à des élèves, pas suffisamment excellents pour une intégration en classes préparatoires traditionnelles post-baccalauréat, de tenter néanmoins une intégration dans une école d’ingénieurs agronome ou vétérinaire.
Un métier émergent en éducation : l’accompagnateur de jeunes professeurs recrutés dans le contexte d’un établissement formateur
Authors: Jamet Luc 
Published: April 2022

Le nouveau schéma de formation des enseignants en France (Décret 19/12/2006) s’articule autour de deux pôles principaux : « une formation qualification » concrétisée par le master et une « formation qualification » certifiée par le concours. Mais la « formation sensibilisation » qui promouvait une approche pédagogique initiale a disparu et est remplacée par une formation professionnalisante des jeunes recrutés, encadrés par des professeurs expérimentés, au sein d’un établissement formateur. C’est un nouvel espace culturel de formation qui ressemble à un laboratoire mental et intime où tout est à construire, à vérifier, d’un point de vue théorique de construction de l’objet, dans les interactions qui peuvent se nouer entre les recrutés et les expérimentés, dans les finalités de la formation.
Matériaux pour une sociologie du travail des agents de la formation
Authors: Frétigné Cédric 
Published: April 2022

Qu’apporte de nouveau ou de différent une perspective de sociologie du travail des agents de la formation ? En quoi cette pratique de recherche émergente contribue-t-elle à mieux rendre compte de ce que former veut dire ? Dans une première partie, l’article montre que la sociologie des groupes professionnels, perspective largement dominante, fait clairement l’impasse sur la question du travail proprement dit des professionnels de la formation. Montrant, dans une seconde partie, la valeur ajoutée des quelques travaux conduits dans une perspective de sociologie du travail des agents de la formation, l’article insiste sur l’importance d’interroger les pratiques et de les replacer dans les configurations sociales qui leur donnent sens. Le texte se poursuit par l’établissement d’un programme de recherche où il est notamment notifié la nécessité de poursuivre et d’intensifier les travaux empiriques pour réellement donner corps à cette perspective de sociologie du travail appliquée aux métiers de la formation. La conclusion propose, sous forme de trois brèves notations, de synthétiser les principaux apports de cette orientation.
Une recherche-action en pédagogie de l’alternance : une autre façon de se trans-former
Authors: Poplimont Christine 
Published: April 2022

La recherche dont il est question ici vise à tenter de comprendre dans quelle mesure des formateurs par alternance semblent ou non parvenir à intégrer les acquis d’une formation de formateurs axée sur les processus d’apprentissage mis en œuvre dans la pédagogie de l’alternance, à travers un dispositif qui les met eux-mêmes en situation d’apprentissage par alternance. Cette pédagogie vise à sortir du schéma classique de l’enseignement qui consiste à mettre l’apprenant en situation de consommation de savoirs. Apprendre consiste, dans ce cas à retenir, à enregistrer des savoirs. Nous nous trouvons là face à des personnes capables de réciter des cours mais pas du tout préparées à faire des liens entre les enseignements reçus et leur mise en application et leur questionnement. Au contraire, la pédagogie de l’alternance, balancement permanent entre récits d’expériences et apports théoriques permet à la fois d’interroger, mais aussi d’expérimenter de nouvelles pratiques. Cette distanciation provoquée entre posture et pratique est favorisée par une production écrite qui favoriserait selon le terme de G. Lerbet (1984) « une production de savoir », qui est à l’université la rédaction d’un mémoire de recherche ou d’une thèse. Les terrains d’observation sont deux groupes de master professionnel 2e année, de l’Université de Provence qui doivent rédiger un mémoire en fin d’année. En effet, il s’agit pour l’apprenant à travers cette production écrite de faire des liens, de relier des pôles, des idées apparemment opposées. De cette pédagogie de l’alternance peut naître une vision plus globale permettant d’appréhender un degré de complexité, d’entrelacement susceptible de favoriser une pensée critique.
Critical Care Nurses’ Experiences of Caring for Patients With COVID-19: Results of a Thematic Analysis
Authors: Gast Sarah , Barroso Julie , Blanchard Francesca A. , Campbell Amy A. , Carter Stacey J. , Clark Emma V. , Hilton Rachel , Branson Richard , Greenberg Steven , Kleinpell Ruth 
Published: April 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health care professionals, especially those working in intensive care units (ICUs).

Objectives
To explore critical care nurses’ experiences with and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic during the early phases of the pandemic.

Methods
Data were from national surveys conducted during March and April 2020 to assess ICU providers’ perceptions of the initial phases of the pandemic. A total of 831 responses from nurses to open-ended questions were examined by using thematic analysis. The questions assessed potentially limited resources in the ICU, adequacy of staffing, and measures used to reduce the possibility of spreading COVID-19 to family members.

Results
Overarching themes concerned access to equipment and preventive measures taken to reduce exposure to the virus. These themes included “sheltering the patient when I don’t have enough” and “protecting those I love when I am a vector of transmission.” Subthemes for the first overarching theme included not having enough personal protective equipment, not enough staff and not enough properly trained staff, and not enough institutional support. Subthemes for the second overarching theme included “isolating myself from everyone I care about” and “isolating everything I touch from everyone I care about.”

Conclusions
This thematic analysis identified several concerns of ICU nurses related to caring for patients in the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ensuring adequate supplies, staffing, and administrative and emotional support are provided to frontline health care providers during the ongoing pandemic remains essential.
Multifaceted Activities of Seven Nanobodies against Complement C4b
Authors: De la O Becerra Karla I , Oosterheert Wout , van den Bos Ramon M , Xenaki Katerina T , Lorent Joseph H , Ruyken Maartje , Schouten Arie , Rooijakkers Suzan H M , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M P , Gros Piet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cleavage of the mammalian plasma protein C4 into C4b initiates opsonization, lysis, and clearance of microbes and damaged host cells by the classical and lectin pathways of the complement system. Dysregulated activation of C4 and other initial components of the classical pathway may cause or aggravate pathologies, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Alzheimer disease, and schizophrenia. Modulating the activity of C4b by small-molecule or protein-based inhibitors may represent a promising therapeutic approach for preventing excessive inflammation and damage to host cells and tissue. Here, we present seven nanobodies, derived from llama (Lama glama) immunization, that bind to human C4b (Homo sapiens) with high affinities ranging from 3.2 nM to 14 pM. The activity of the nanobodies varies from no to complete inhibition of the classical pathway. The inhibiting nanobodies affect different steps in complement activation, in line with blocking sites for proconvertase formation, C3 substrate binding to the convertase, and regulator-mediated inactivation of C4b. For four nanobodies, we determined single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structures in complex with C4b at 3.4–4 Å resolution. The structures rationalize the observed functional effects of the nanobodies and define their mode of action during complement activation. Thus, we characterized seven anti-C4b nanobodies with diverse effects on the classical pathway of complement activation that may be explored for imaging, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications.
Berberine Modulates Macrophage Activation by Inducing Glycolysis
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Haifeng , Zhang Yameng , Fan Jinting , Zhu Jinhao , Gu Xinyue , Li Zhonghui , Zhang Chengyang , Liu Zhen , Li Yuebai , Zang Mingxi , Jin Ge , Li Guoping , Mi Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Classical activation of macrophage and monocyte differentiation induced by β-glucan is accompanied with metabolic change in glucose. However, the role of the metabolic rewiring in monocyte/macrophage activation remains elusive. In this study, we show that berberine induces aerobic glycolysis by blocking the tricarboxylic acid cycle and modulates cytokine responses in bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) from mice and human PBMC. 13-Methyberberine had activities on glucose metabolism and BMDM activation similar to those of berberine, whereas other tested derivatives lost both activities. Glucose transporter (GLUT)1 expression and total cellular hexokinase activity increased gradually in BMDMs in the presence of berberine. In the contrast, LPS upregulated GLUT1 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) levels in 6 h. Extracellular glucose levels and replacing glucose with galactose in culture medium affected the cytokine secretion of BMDMs. Berberine alleviated enteritis of Salmonella typhimurium infection and protected mice against endotoxic shock. In mice i.p. injected with LPS, the increase of serum TNF-α and the drop of blood glucose were attenuated by berberine treatment. These data together demonstrated that macrophage activation was closely related with glucose metabolism.
A cross-sectional study of frequency, type, and lethality of deliberate self-harm in bipolar affective disorder patients presenting to tertiary care center
Authors: Ganiger Fakirappa Basavaraj , Bijjal Somashekhar , Safeekh A T , Sharma Manisha 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is one of the leading causes of death and a major public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, DSH has increased by 60% over the past 50 years, of which 90% of victims had a psychiatric disorder.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim is to analyze the frequency, type, and lethality of DSH in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) patients.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 150 patients diagnosed to have BPAD. Specially designed sociodemographic pro forma was used to record basic profile. DSH inventory was administered on BPAD patients who presented with DSH to analyze the type and lethality. Diagnosis of BPAD was made according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision. Data were recorded, compiled, and analyzed using frequency and percentage with the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0.

Results:
The frequency of DSH was found to be 33%, out of which 38 (35%) patients had manic episode and 11 (30%) patients had depressive episode. The most common type of DSH was found to be cutting self with sharp or blunt objects and consumption of poison with frequency of 12 (24.5%) each. The second most common DSH was banging head, which was present in (11) 22.4% of patients.

Conclusion:
BPAD is associated with increased risk of DSH compared to the general population. The most common type of DSH was cutting self with sharp objects followed by consumption of poison. Patients who presented with DSH in depressive episode and severe mania had more lethal modes of DSH.
CÁC YẾU TỐ CÔNG BẰNG TỔ CHỨC VÀ SỰ XÂM PHẠM ĐẾN ĐỜI SỐNG CÁ NHÂN CỦA CÔNG VIỆC TÁC ĐỘNG LÊN Ý ĐỊNH NGHỈ VIỆC CỦA CÔNG NHÂN NGÀNH CÔNG NGHIỆP TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: NGUYỄN NGỌC LONG  , NGUYỄN NGỌC LÂM  
Published: April 2022

Mục đích của nghiên cứu này nhằm phân tích sự tác động của: Không khí làm việc tranh đua, Sự công bằng trong chính sách tiền lương, Sự công bằng trong phân phối thu nhập, Sự công bằng trong trao đổi thông tin, Sự công bằng trong quan hệ công việc, và Sự xâm phạm của công việc đến đời sống cá nhân lên Ý định nghỉ việc của công nhân ngành công nghiệp tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh một cách trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp. Đây là nghiên cứu đầu tiên ở Việt Nam xem xét các yếu tố quan hệ trong công việc và sự xâm phạm đến đời sống cá nhân của công việc tác động đến ý định rời bỏ công việc của công nhân của khu vực sản xuất công nghiệp. Nghiên cứu khảo sát 250 công nhân, với 226 phiếu trả lời câu hỏi hợp lệ, đã được dùng làm số liệu phân tích bằng mô hình SEM để kiểm định các giả thuyết. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra: Không khí làm việc ganh đua tác động tích cực đến Công bằng trong trao đổi thông tin; Công bằng trong chính sách tiền lương của tổ chức tác động cùng chiều lên sự Công bằng phân phối thu nhập; kế tiếp, cả Công bằng phân phối thu nhập và Công bằng trong trao đổi thông tin đều ảnh hưởng khá mạnh mẽ một cách tích cực đến sự Công bằng trong quan hệ công việc của lãnh đạo công ty đối với công nhân của mình; theo đó, Công bằng trong quan hệ công việc có quan hệ nghịch biến với Ý định của công nhân; ngược lại, Sự xâm phạm đến đời sống cá nhân của công việc có ảnh hưởng thuận chiều với Ý định nghỉ việc; một cách thú vị, Công bằng trao đổi thông tin (trong nghiên cứu này) lại tác động cùng chiều có ý nghĩa thống kê với Ý định nghỉ việc của công nhân. Nghiên cứu này đã đóng góp thêm về mặt lý thuyết vào việc đánh giá phối hợp các tác động của các sự công bằng trong tổ chức và sự can thiệp đến đời sống cá nhân của công việc lên Ý định nghỉ việc của công nhân khu vực sản xuất công nghiệp. Nó cũng giúp các nhà quản trị có các gợi ý chiến lược đúng đắn để cải thiện quan hệ làm việc trong việc hạn chế ý định nghỉ việc của người công nhân.
Ý ĐỊNH THĂM LẠI ĐIỂM ĐẾN: PHÁT TRIỂN THANG ĐO LƯỜNG VÀ KIỂM ĐỊNH VỀ DU LỊCH SINH THÁI CỘNG ĐỒNG VÙNG ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG
Authors: TRƯƠNG HOÀNG VŨ  
Published: April 2022

Ý định thăm lại điểm đến du lịch của du khách có ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến việc tăng doanh thu của các doanh nghiệp khai thác du lịch. Du lịch sinh thái cộng đồng (STCĐ) là một loại hình du lịch hấp dẫn luôn có sức hút riêng đối với du khách. Do đó, mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là phát triển một thang đo lường hợp lệ và đáng tin cậy sẽ hỗ trợ việc tìm hiểu các khái niệm và cải thiện việc quản lý hiệu quả về ý định hành vi của khách du lịch STCĐ tại các homestay vùng ĐBSCL. Dựa vào quy trình được đề xuất bởi [1] và [2], chúng tôi đã phát triển thang đo các yếu tố tác động đến ý định thăm lại điểm đến của khách du lịch STCĐ tại các homestay gồm 24 biến quan sát với 05 yếu tố, qua đó chúng tôi tin rằng có thể áp dụng cho hầu hết các khu vực điểm đến du lịch STCĐ. Bộ thang đo này gồm 05 yếu tố: hình ảnh điểm đến, chất lượng dịch vụ cảm nhận, sự hài lòng, niềm tin, và ý định thăm lại điểm đến. Ý nghĩa về mặt lý thuyết và thực tiễn của kết quả nghiên cứu cũng được thảo luận chi tiết.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik tentang Perhitungan Multidays Tour dengan Menggunakan Metode Tutor Sebaya
Authors: Suryana Dede 
Published: April 2022

This research departs from the phenomena that occur in the classroom that the students' understanding and learning outcomes are low in learning Multidays Tour Calculation in the Subjects of Travel Planning and Management. Therefore, an educator needs to consider learning strategies so that they can improve student learning outcomes. This study aims: (1) To find out that Peer Tutor learning methods can improve student learning outcomes about Multidays Tour Calculations in Travel Planning and Management Subjects in class XII UPW 2 Semester 1 SMK Negeri 1 Bogor Bogor City for the 2019/2020 academic year, (2) To describe the process of improving student learning outcomes before and after using Peer Tutor learning methods can improve student learning outcomes about Multidays Tour Calculations in the Subject of Travel Planning and Management in class XII UPW 2 Semester 1 SMK Negeri 1 Bogor Bogor City Academic Year 2019/2020, (3) To measure the increase in student learning outcomes regarding Multidays Tour Calculations in the Subject of Travel Planning and Management after using the Peer Tutor Learning Method in class XII UPW 2 Semester 1 SMK Negeri 1 Bogor Bogor City Academic Year 2019/2020. The results of this study indicate that applying the Peer Tutor Learning Method can be a fun variation of learning for students so that it is proven to improve student learning outcomes in Class XII UPW 2 SMK Negeri 1 Bogor, Bogor City. Before applying the Peer Tutor Learning Method, the students' learning outcomes only reached an average value of 69.97, then there was an increase after applying the Peer Tutor Learning Method to 75 in cycle 1 and 84 in cycle 2. From the description above, the researcher concludes that the application of the Peer Tutor Learning Method that is adapted to the learning material can create a pleasant learning situation so that there is an increase in student learning outcomes. Therefore, the researcher suggests that the application of the Peer Tutor Learning Method be socialized and used as an alternative in learning Travel Planning and Management in schools within the Bogor City Education Office.

Keywords: Peer tutor learning methods, student learning outcomes, Travel Planning and Management subjects
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika dan Upaya Mengatasinya di Kelas IV SD Negeri Gunung Bunder 05
Authors: Rizki Mahwiyah Siti , Humaira Ernawati , Sadiah Chaira 
Published: April 2022

Mathematics is one of the subjects taught at various levels of education from elementary school to high school level. Based on observations, it was found that students had difficulties in mathematics. The problem is related to the learning system so that students have difficulty working on questions and making mistakes is one factor. Another difficulty is the lack of learning media, learning variations and low learning outcomes so that they do not exceed the learning objectives taught by the teacher. This study aims to determine the analysis of students' difficulties in learning mathematics and efforts to overcome them in the fourth grade of SD Negeri Gunung Bunder 05. The type of research used is a field qualitative research method that collects data using interview and documentation techniques. The subjects of this study were class IV and class IV guardians at SD Negeri Gunung Bunder 05. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it was concluded that there were several teaching preparations prepared by the fourth grade homeroom teacher, namely preparing several learning administrations, one example of which was preparing the latest model lesson plans for elementary school teachers using lesson plans and thematic syllabus where each subject was themed. The implementation of the mathematics learning process in grade IV includes approaches, strategies and learning methods that are applied to student activities. This can be seen from the approach used by the teacher, namely the behavioral approach (behavior therapy), an approach to learning activities that emphasizes behavioral theory as an application of behaviorism theory. The strategy used by the teacher in learning mathematics is a learning strategy that is oriented to student activities. The method applied by the teacher is to combine several methods, namely the lecture method, question and answer, discussion, cooperative learning groups and exercises whose use emphasizes student activities by using different learning methods and strategies, so the learning process in class will have a different atmosphere with finally the material being taught. and learning objectives will be delivered properly.

Keywords: Students' Difficulty, Mathematics Subjects, Efforts to Overcome.