bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk scores for predicting HIV incidence among adult heterosexual populations in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Katherine M. , Eilerts Hallie , Edun Olanrewaju , Lam Kevin , Howes Adam , Thomas Matthew L. , Eaton Jeffrey W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionSeveral HIV risk scores have been developed to identify individuals for prioritized HIV prevention in sub‐Saharan Africa. We systematically reviewed HIV risk scores to: (1) identify factors that consistently predicted incident HIV infection, (2) review inclusion of community‐level HIV risk in predictive models and (3) examine predictive performance.MethodsWe searched nine databases from inception until 15 February 2021 for studies developing and/or validating HIV risk scores among the heterosexual adult population in sub‐Saharan Africa. Studies not prospectively observing seroconversion or recruiting only key populations were excluded. Record screening, data extraction and critical appraisal were conducted in duplicate. We used random‐effects meta‐analysis to summarize hazard ratios and the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC).ResultsFrom 1563 initial search records, we identified 14 risk scores in 13 studies. Seven studies were among sexually active women using contraceptives enrolled in randomized‐controlled trials, three among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and three among cohorts enrolling both men and women. Consistently identified HIV prognostic factors among women were younger age (pooled adjusted hazard ratio: 1.62 [95% confidence interval: 1.17, 2.23], compared to above 25), single/not cohabiting with primary partners (2.33 [1.73, 3.13]) and having sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at baseline (HSV‐2: 1.67 [1.34, 2.09]; curable STIs: 1.45 [1.17; 1.79]). Among AGYW, only STIs were consistently associated with higher incidence, but studies were limited (n = 3). Community‐level HIV prevalence or unsuppressed viral load strongly predicted incidence but was only considered in 3 of 11 multi‐site studies. The AUC‐ROC ranged from 0.56 to 0.79 on the model development sets. Only the VOICE score was externally validated by multiple studies, with pooled AUC‐ROC 0.626 [0.588, 0.663] (I2: 64.02%).ConclusionsYounger age, non‐cohabiting and recent STIs were consistently identified as predicting future HIV infection. Both community HIV burden and individual factors should be considered to quantify HIV risk. However, HIV risk scores had only low‐to‐moderate discriminatory ability and uncertain generalizability, limiting their programmatic utility. Further evidence on the relative value of specific risk factors, studies populations not restricted to “at‐risk” individuals and data outside South Africa will improve the evidence base for risk differentiation in HIV prevention programmes.PROSPERO NumberCRD42021236367
Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus is a tick‐borne encephalitis virus adapted to muskrat through host‐jumping
Authors: Kovalev Sergey Y. , Mazurina Elena A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOmsk hemorrhagic fever was first described in the early 1940s and is a natural focal infection, spread exclusively in four regions of Western Siberia, and associated with muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). The etiological agent of this disease is the Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) which is closely related to the tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and its range entirely lies within the TBEV area. OHFV belongs to the mammalian tick‐borne flaviviruses and the ecological group of arboviruses. The problem concerning the origin of OHFV remains unresolved to date. This study analyzed all nucleotide sequences of the OHFV genome obtained in the present study and available in GenBank, including the E gene fragment and the amino acid sequences of the surface glycoprotein encoded by it. The conclusions, based on the clusteron approach, suggest that OHFV originated directly from the TBEV of the Far Eastern subtype due to the host‐jump phenomenon, that is, through a rapid change from an arthropod host,Ixodes persulcatus, to a rodent,O. zibethicus. The muskrat was introduced to Western Siberia in the second half of the 1930s. The peculiarities of the biology and ecology of the muskrat in the new habitat became the reason for the TBEV cross‐species transmission. Calculations show that host‐jumping occurred between 1931 and 1947 and accompanied a cascade of adaptive amino acid substitutions in protein E. As a result, the virus changed its transmission to contact, alimentary, and airborne routes. Based on the data obtained, OHFV would be more correctly attributed to zoonotic viruses transmitted by rodents and, accordingly, to the ecological group of roboviruses.
Age‐dependency of EHRA improvement based on quality of life at diagnosis of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Theunissen Luc J. H. J. , Cremers Henricus‐Paul , van Veghel Dennis , van der Voort Pepijn H. , Polak Peter E. , de Jong Sylvie F. A. M. S. , Smits Geert , Dijkmans Jos , Kemps Hareld M. C. , Dekker Lukas R. C. , van de Pol Jeroen A. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, the relationship between AF‐related quality of life (AFEQT) at baseline in AF‐patients and the improvement on perceived symptoms and general state of health (EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association score) at 12 months was assessed across predefined age categories.MethodsBetween November 2014 and October 2019 patients diagnosed with AF de novo in four hospitals embedded within the Netherlands Heart Network were prospectively followed for 12 months. These AF‐patients were categorized into quartiles based on their AFEQT score at diagnosis and EHRA score was measured at diagnosis and 12 months of follow‐up. Stratified analyses were performed using age categories (<65 vs. ≥65 years; <75 vs. ≥75 years).ResultsIn total, 203/483 (42.0%) AF‐patients improved in EHRA score after 12 months of follow‐up. AF‐patients in the lowest AFEQT quartile were more likely to improve, compared to patients in the highest AFEQT quartile (OR [95%CI]:4.73 [2.63–8.50]). Furthermore, patients ≥65 years and patients <75 years at diagnosis with lower AFEQT scores at baseline were most likely to improve in EHRA score after 12 months, compared to similarly aged patients with higher AFEQT scores at baseline.ConclusionThe present study indicates that AF‐patients with a lower quality of life at diagnosis were most likely to improve their EHRA score after 12 months. This effect was most prominent in patients ≥65 years of age and patients <75 years of age, compared to patients >65 and ≥75 years, respectively. Future research should focus on further defining characteristics of these age groups to enable the implementation of age‐tailored treatment.
Do sick coworkers make us help others?: Investigating the critical roles of citizenship pressure and psychological detachment
Authors: Boekhorst Janet A. , Halinski Michael 
Published: January 2022

SummaryAlthough researchers have started to uncover the positive effects of presenteeism, research has yet to unearth the positive implications of coworker presenteeism. We draw from social information processing theory to hypothesize that coworker presenteeism has a positive indirect effect on organizational citizenship behaviors directed towards the organization (OCBOs) and other individuals (OCBIs) via citizenship pressure. Building on these hypotheses, we further theorize that the indirect effect of coworker presenteeism on OCBOs and OCBIs differ when employees are psychologically detached from their organization. Based on data collected using a time‐separated research design (n = 277 employees), the results reveal that coworker presenteeism has a positive indirect effect on both forms of OCBs via citizenship pressure. The results further demonstrate that the indirect effect of coworker presenteeism on OCBIs via citizenship pressure strengthens for employees who are psychologically detached from their organization. Importantly, this research shows that there are positive behavioral implications associated with coworker presenteeism.
Towards better characterization of global warming impacts in the environment through climate classifications with improved global models
Authors: Navarro Andrés , Merino Andrés , Sánchez José Luis , García‐Ortega Eduardo , Martín Raúl , Tapiador Francisco J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate classifications are useful to synthesize the physical state of the climate with a proxy that can be directly related to biota. However, they present a potential drawback, namely a strong sensitivity because of the use of hard thresholds (step functions). Thus, minor discrepancies in the base data produce large differences in the type of climate. However, such an a priori limitation is also a strength because such sensitivity can be used to better gauge model performance. Although previous attempts of classifying climates of the world using global climate model outputs were encouraging, the applicability of their classifications to impact studies has been limited by past model issues. Notwithstanding the persistence of certain imperfections and limitations in current models, the high‐quality physical simulations from phase six of the Coupled Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) has opened new possibilities in the field, thanks to their improved representation of atmospheric and oceanic physics. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to show that climate classifications from CMIP6 are sufficiently robust for use in impact studies, and to use those classifications for identifying error sources and potential issues that deserve further attention in models. Thus, 52 CMIP6 climate models were evaluated by using three climate classifications schemes, classical Köppen, extended‐Köppen, and modified Thornthwaite. We first assessed model ability to reproduce present climate types by comparing their outputs with observational data. Models performed best for the Köppen and extended‐Köppen classification methods (Cohen's kappa κ = 0.7), and had moderate scores for the Thornthwaite climate classification (κ = 0.4). By tracing back the observed biases, we were able to pinpoint the misrepresentation of dry climates as a major source of error. Another finding was that most models still had some difficulties in representing the seasonal variability of precipitation over several monsoonal regions, thereby yielding the wrong climate type there. Models were also evaluated for future climate. Substantial changes in climate types are projected in the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. These changes include a shrinkage of polar/frigid climates (22%) and an increase of dry climates (7%).
Exploring the factors that hinder Lean improvement initiatives in a job shop environment: A qualitative case study of a Malaysian company
Authors: Abd Samad Mohd Surhardi Effandy , Othman Rosly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJob shop production faces various challenges regarding the use of lean manufacturing (Lean) initiatives to sustain a competitive advantage; losing the ability to maintain continual improvement of longstanding initiatives is one of the most significant. This study explores how Lean improvement initiatives can be affected by years of indifferent treatment. Consisting of a single qualitative case study conducted in a Malaysian company that has implemented Lean initiatives for more than 20 years, our findings reveal that Lean implementations in job shop environments can deteriorate over time. Our analysis identifies three overarching themes. First, even though the company has many years' experience of lean implementation, a lack of organizational engagement hindered further improvements. Second, the resource capabilities provided, became outdated, and in poor condition. Third, the company saw a rapidly diminishing level of commitment among its workers. Thus, although the company had previously enjoyed some success in implementing Lean, its ability to keep the momentum behind its initiatives began to fade. The study will help guide practitioner's actions when implementing Lean initiatives, and will enhance the knowledge of issues related to long term Lean implementations in job shop production.
Identification and characterization of the inhibitory effect of ART on colorectal cancer cells using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chai Senmao , Sun Xiaodong , Fu Chuhua , Xu Qianqian , Ren Zijing , Xie Lixia , Ge Jingjing , Sang Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy (RS) has been used in clinical diagnostics, tissue engineering, and toxicology experiments owing to its label‐free, low‐destructive, high sensitivity, and strong specificity. Nonetheless, their application has been limited because of the integrated analysis of biological experimental methods and RS. In this study, it was challenged that applied RS in combination with biological experiments to distinguish colorectal cancer (CC) cells from which treated with artesunate (ART), which has obvious antitumor effects. Heavy water (D2O) was used to detect changes in colorectal cancer cell metabolism. The Raman spectral intensity of the C–D band at 2100–2300 cm−1 was significantly weakened in CC (SW480, SW620, and HCT116) treated with ART. According to the CCK‐8, wound healing, and Transwell assays, the activity of SW480 and SW620 cells was significantly inhibited by ART. Through literature tracking and transcriptome sequencing, multiple signal pathways of SW480 and SW620 cells have changed significantly after treatment with ART, such as “apoptotic signaling pathway,” “cell cycle phase transition,” “mitochondrial part,” and “mRNA metabolic process.” The Raman peak area significantly decreased at 490 cm−1, 746 cm−1, 1126 cm−1, 1311 cm−1, 1337 cm−1, and 1582 cm−1 in SW480 and SW620 cells treated with ART. It showed that these Raman bands are associated with ART‐induced apoptosis‐related signaling pathways. In addition, we found that application of the RS in cell type identification will be prosperous. By integrating RS with biological mechanisms, its application in the biomedical field is increasing, and its significance in biological sample detection has become more prominent.
Doppler Imaging Assessment of Changes of Blood Flow in Adenomyosis After Higher‐Dose Oxytocin: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li JunShu , Chen JinYun , Wang Yong , Hu Liang , Zhang Rong , Chen WenZhi 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the changes of blood flow in adenomyosis (AM) after higher‐dose oxytocin (OT) in different doses, and to evaluate the safety for patients.MethodsA total of 124 patients with AM were randomly divided into 4 groups with continuous intravenous infusion of OT as 0.06, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36 U/min, respectively. The changes of arteries of AM before and after intravenous infusion of OT were observed by color Doppler ultrasound. The changes of blood flow volume of the artery of AM before and after intravenous infusion of OT were compared among the 4 groups, and the vital signs and adverse drug reactions were monitored during intravenous drip.ResultsDuring the trial, no severe adverse reactions occurred and the vital signs of all the patients were stable. Among the 4 groups, it was found that there was a significant difference in the change of blood flow volume of blood artery in AM lesions between 0.06 U/min OT group and the other three groups after intravenous drip of OT (P < .05), but there was no significant difference in blood flow volume among the three groups (P > .05), and the difference of adverse drug reactions was statistically significant with the increase of OT dose (P < .05).ConclusionOT can effectively reduce the blood flow volume of AM lesions, and continuous intravenous infusion of 0.12 U/min OT is an appropriate dose that can not only minimize the blood flow volume but also reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions.
Shear Wave Elastography of the Coracohumeral Ligament With Frozen Shoulder in Different Stages
Authors: Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Lei , Guo Fanglan , Zhang Tian 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo study the shear wave elastography (SWE) of the coracohumeral ligament (CHL) in different stages of frozen shoulder and to analyze its correlation with the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and shoulder range of motion (ROM).MethodsSixty‐four patients with frozen shoulder were divided into three stages: stage I (freezing phase), stage II (frozen phase), and stage III (thawing phase). The SWE of the CHL of the affected and healthy sides was measured and compared in the different stages. The VAS score and ROM of the affected side were evaluated, and their correlation with the SWE of the CHL was analyzed in the different stages.ResultsIn stage I frozen shoulder, the SWE of the CHL on the affected side was lower than that on the healthy side, while in stages II and III, the SWE on the affected side was higher (P = .001 for all). The SWE of the CHL of the affected side was different across the three stages; the SWE in stages II and III higher than that in stage I (P < .01), while the difference between stages II and III was not significant (P > .05). The SWE of the CHL of the affected side was negatively correlated with the VAS score but not with forward flexion (Ff), external rotation (Er) or internal rotation (Ir) in stage I; in stages II and III, it was positively correlated with the VAS score and negatively correlated with Ff, Er, and Ir.ConclusionsThe CHL stiffness of the affected side and its correlation with the shoulder VAS score and ROM are different for different stages of frozen shoulder.
Revised equation of enzymatic kinetics and thermodynamic mechanisms for directed evolution of enzymes
Authors: Zhao Qinyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe equation of enzymatic kinetics is revised, and thermodynamic mechanisms of directed evolution of enzymes are proposed based on both that and the thermodynamic model of enzyme action. In theory, there are two mechanisms of enzymes to improve its catalysis efficiency in directed evolution. The first refers to the change of activation energy of enzymatic reactions. The modulation of structural compatibility between enzyme and substrate serves as the second mechanism and the major motivation for enzymes to enhance their catalysis in situations of directed evolution.
MicroRNA‐214‐3p facilitates M2 macrophage polarization by targeting GSK3B
Authors: Peng Ling‐Yan , Li Bi‐Bao , Deng Ke‐Bin , Wang Wen‐Guang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. M2 macrophage polarization can reduce inflammation and repair tissue injury during AR development. Studies have substantiated the involvement of miRNAs in AR pathogenesis. Herein, the molecular mechanism of miR‐214‐3p in AR development was explored. To mimic the AR environment, ovalbumin (OVA) was used to treat macrophages. MiR‐214‐3p and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) expression in nasal mucus tissues and macrophages was assessed by RT‐qPCR. The M2 phenotypic signature of CD206 in macrophages was assessed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of GSK3B and M2 macrophage markers (ARG‐1 and IL‐10) was evaluated by western blotting. The correlation between miR‐214‐3p and GSK3B was validated by a luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR‐214‐3p was overexpressed in macrophages and nasal mucus tissues from AR patients. MiR‐214‐3p facilitated M2 polarization of macrophages upon OVA stimulation. Mechanistically, miR‐214‐3p targeted the GSK3B 3′ untranslated region in macrophages. In addition, GSK3B was downregulated in macrophages and nasal mucus tissues from AR patients. In rescue assays, GSK3B downregulation reversed the inhibitory effects of miR‐214‐3p silencing on M2 polarization of macrophages treated with OVA. Overall, miR‐214‐3p facilitates M2 macrophage polarization by targeting GSK3B.
Deep‐sea wooden shipwrecks influence sediment microbiome diversity
Authors: Hampel Justyna J. , Moseley Rachel D. , Mugge Rachel L. , Ray Anirban , Damour Melanie , Jones Douglas , Hamdan Leila J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHistoric shipwrecks function as habitats for benthic organisms by providing food, refuge, and structure. They also form islands of biodiversity on the seabed, shaping microbial ecology and ecosystem processes. This study examined two wooden deep‐sea shipwrecks at 525 and 1800 m water depth and probed their influence on sediment microbiomes and geochemistry. Microbiomes were investigated with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing along 60 m transects extending in four directions from the hulls of the shipwrecks. Distance from shipwrecks and sediment depth both shaped microbiome structure. Archaeal alpha diversity was significantly and positively correlated with proximity to the deeper shipwreck while bacterial diversity was not to either. Archaeal community structure differed at both sites; the deeper site had a higher proportion of Bathyarchaeia and Lokiarchaeia proximate to shipwreck compared to the shallow location. Major bacterial communities were consistent at both sites, however, at the deeper site had higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Desulfofarculales, and Desulfobacteriales. Core microbiome and differential abundance analyses revealed unique taxa nearest the shipwrecks compared to the surrounding seabed including organoheterotrophs, and cellulolytic and sulfur cycling taxa. Sediment carbon content influenced microbiome structure near the shipwrecks (5–10 m). We show that shipwrecks have a distinct sediment microbiome and form unique habitat patches on seabed, resembling those surrounding organic falls. The shipwreck influence was more pronounced at the deeper site, further from terrestrial influences signaling shipwrecks may be a significant source of organic matter in far‐shore oligotrophic settings.
Fibrous Scaffolds for Muscle Tissue Engineering Based on Touch‐Spun Poly(Ester‐Urethane) Elastomer
Authors: Uribe‐Gomez Juan , Schönfeld Dennis , Posada‐Murcia Andrés , Roland Michel‐Manuel , Caspari Anja , Synytska Alla , Salehi Sahar , Pretsch Thorsten , Ionov Leonid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDevelopment of fiber‐spinning technologies and materials with proper mechanical properties is highly important for the manufacturing of aligned fibrous scaffolds mimicking structure of the muscle tissues. Here, the authors report touch spinning of a thermoplastic poly(1,4‐butylene adipate)‐based polyurethane elastomer, obtained via solvent‐free polymerization. This polymer possesses a combination of important advantages such as 1) low elastic modulus in the range of a few MPa, 2) good recovery ratio and 3) resilience, 4) processability, 5) nontoxicity, 6) biocompatibility, and 7) biodegradability that makes it suitable for fabrication of structures mimicking extracellular matrix of muscle tissue. Touch spinning allows fast and precise deposition of highly aligned micro‐ and nano‐fibers without use of high voltage. C2C12 myoblasts readily align along soft polymer fibers and demonstrate high viability as well as proliferation that make proposed combination of polymer and fabrication method highly suitable for engineering skeletal muscles.