bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the Area Under the Curve/Trough Level Ratio Be Used to Optimize Tacrolimus Individual Dose Adjustment?
Authors: Woillard Jean-Baptiste , Monchaud Caroline , Saint-Marcoux Franck , Labriffe Marc , Marquet Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Background.
The aim of this work was to evaluate, in a large data set of renal transplant recipients, the intraindividual variability of the area under the curve (AUC)/predose concentration (C0) ratio in comparison with that of AUC, C0, AUC/dose, and C0/dose.

Methods.
Patients with at least 2 tacrolimus AUC estimation requests were extracted from the Immunosuppressant Bayesian dose Adjustment website, and relative variations between 2 consecutive visits for the different metrics were calculated and compared.

Results.
Data from 1325 patients on tacrolimus (3827 measured C0 and estimated AUC) showed that the lowest mean relative variation between 2 consecutives visits was for the AUC/C0 ratio (95% confidence interval [CI] relative fold change = –43% to 44% for AUC/C0; 95% CI, –77% to 72% for AUC; 95% CI, –82% to 98% for AUC/dose; 95% CI, –81% to 80% for C0 and 95% CI, –94% to 117% for C0/dose. The correlation between 2 consecutive requests, whether close or far apart, was also best for the AUC/C0 ratio (r = 0.33 and r = 0.34, respectively) in comparison with C0 (r = 0.21 and r = 0.22, respectively) and AUC (r = 0.19 and 0.28, respectively). Regression analysis between AUC0-24 and C0 showed that for some patients, the usual C0 targets translated into some very unusual AUC values. As the AUC/C0 ratio is quite stable during large periods, individualized C0 targets can be derived from the AUC targets, and an algorithm that estimates the individualized C0 was developed for situations in which prior AUC estimates are available or not.

Conclusions.
In this study, we confirmed in a large data set that the AUC/C0 ratio yields low intraindividual variability, whereas C0 shows the largest, and we propose to calculate individualized C0 targets based on this ratio.
High-resolution app data reveal sustained increases in recreational fishing effort in Europe during and after COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Audzijonyte Asta , Mateos-González Fernando , Dainys Justas , Gundelund Casper , Skov Christian , DeWeber J. Tyrell , Venturelli Paul , Vienožinskis Vincentas , Smith Carl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is manifest that COVID-19 lockdowns extensively impacted human interactions with natural ecosystems. One example is recreational fishing, an activity which involves nearly 1 in 10 people in developed countries. Fishing licence sales and direct observations at popular angling locations suggest that recreational fishing effort increased substantially during lockdowns. However, the extent and duration of this increase remain largely unknown due to a lack of objective data. We used four years (2018 to 2021) of anonymous, high-resolution data from a personal fish-finder device to explore the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on recreational fishing effort in four European countries (Lithuania, the Czech Republic, Denmark, and Germany). We show that device use and, by extension, angling effort increased 1.2-3.8 fold during March-May 2020 and remained elevated even at the end of 2021 in all countries except Denmark. Fishing during the first lockdown also became more frequent during weekdays. Statistical models with the full set of fixed (weekdays, lockdown, population) and random (season, year, administrative unit) factors typically explained 50-70% of the variation, suggesting that device use and angling effort were relatively consistent and predictable through space and time. Our study demonstrates that recreational fishing behaviour can change substantially and rapidly in response to societal shifts, with profound ecological, human well-being and economic implications. We also show the potential of angler devices and smartphone applications to supply data for high-resolution fishing effort analysis and encourage more extensive science and industry collaborations to take advantage of this information.Significance statementRecreational fishing is a popular and widespread activity with ecological, social and economic impacts, though problematic to assess and manage due to a paucity of information regarding effort and catch. Here, we use high-resolution data from a personal angler sonar device to show how the COVID-19 pandemic changed angler behaviour and fishing effort across Europe. We demonstrate that angling effort doubled and remained higher at the end of 2021 than before the first lockdowns. Such rapid and profound changes could have significant consequences for aquatic ecosystems, possibly requiring new management approaches. We encourage the adoption of novel data from angler devices, citizen science, and more active science-industry collaborations to improve recreational fishing assessment and management.
ROTACs leverage signaling-incompetent R-spondin for targeted protein degradation
Authors: Sun Rui , Lee Hyeyoon , Niehrs Christof 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYProteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging technology for therapeutic intervention but options to target cell surface proteins and receptors remain limited. Here we introduce ROTACs, bispecific WNT- and BMP signaling-disabled R-spondin (RSPO) chimeras, which leverage the specificity of these stem cell growth factors for ZNRF3/RNF43 E3 transmembrane ligases, to target degradation of transmembrane proteins. As proof of concept, we targeted the immune checkpoint protein programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a prominent cancer therapeutic target, with a bispecific RSPO2 chimera, R2PD1. The R2PD1 chimeric protein bound PD-L1 and at picomolar concentration induced its lysosomal degradation. In three melanoma cell lines, R2PD1 induced between 50-90% PD-L1 protein degradation. PD-L1 degradation was strictly dependent on ZNRF3/RNF43. We conclude that signaling-disabled ROTACs represent a novel strategy to target cell surface proteins for degradation.
From whole genome to probiotic candidates: a study of potentialLactobacillusstrain selection for vaginitis treatment
Authors: Lyu Jinli , Gao Mengyu , Zhao Shaowei , Liu Xinyang , Zhao Xinlong , Zou Yuanqiang , Zhong Yiyi , Ge Lan , Zhang Haifeng , Xiao Liang , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVaginitis is a syndrome characterized by not only the invasion of pathogens, but also the lack ofLactobacillus.Lactobacillussupplementation emerged as an innovative therapy for vaginitis which targeted the vaginal microbiota in recent years. However, limited live biotherapeutic products were explicitly marketed for this. The aim of our study is to characterize the potentialLactobacilluscandidates for enhancing the treatment of vaginitis. Initially, 98Lactobacillusisolates with whole genome were selected into the candidate pool. The genomic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of probiotic metabolites, adhering ability and acid/bile resistance, as well as sequences of antibiotic resistance genes, plasmids, transposons, viruses, and prophages were annotated. A scoring model was then established based on genomic analysis for ranking the performance of the strains, and the top-performing ones were applied toin vitrotests for sub-screening. As a result, two candidates were selected, and their probiotic abilities were verified with three reference strains.L. crispatusLG55-27 andL. gasseriTM13-16 presented outstanding ability to produce D-lactate and adhere to human vaginal epithelial cells. They also showed higher antimicrobial activity againstGardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosathan control ones. Their acid/bile-resistant ability suggested the potential of oral supplementation. Strain LG55-27 and TM13-16 also display improved effects on pH changes, and the production of inflammation cytokines in BV model rats. This study provided a probiotic dosage recommendation for vaginitis treatment by demonstrating an effective probiotic screening pipeline based on genome sequences,in vitrotests andin vivoBV model experiment.
Clients’ digitalization, audit firms’ digital expertise, and audit quality: evidence from China
Authors: Rahman Md Jahidur , Ziru Ao 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether clients’ degree of digitalization and audit firms’ expertise in information technology (IT) influence audit quality (AQ).Design/methodology/approachData of Chinese A-share firms listed on the primary board of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2011 to 2019 are taken as the sample. All the data are obtained from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research. Clients’ digitalization is determined using the keywords “AI technology,” “blockchain,” “cloud computing,” “big data technology” and “digital technology.” Auditor firm’s digital expertise is determined by the proportion of higher IT expertise. As the proxy for AQ, this study uses audit fees, given that its quantum reflects the effort auditors expend that in turn affects the AQ.FindingsA fixed-effect regression model shows that clients with high digitalization attain AQ. This study also finds a significant and positive coefficient of audit fees, indicating that AQ is high in the same situation if an audit firm’s IT is mature and developed. Furthermore, results confirm the moderating effect of clients’ digitalization and auditors’ expertise and on AQ. Auditors’ expertise in IT mitigates the audit risk and increase AQ.Originality/valueFindings can enhance AQ and corporate governance literature by clarifying how external audits must evolve through digitalization and incorporating newly developed digital tools such as big data, analytics, artificial intelligence and robotic process automation. This study also provides important insights regarding how the development of new digital tools allow the audit profession to perform as a corporate governance mechanism.
Deal or No Deal: comparing individual and group choices in a risky context
Authors: Morone Andrea , Santorsola Marco , Tiranzoni Paola 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe authors believe that comparing individuals to groups' decision making is crucial provided that many important choices in society are made by groups, i.e. committees, governing bodies, juries, business partners and families. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned topic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze risky decision making in the context of the television game show Deal or No Deal – Italian edition. Specifically, the authors scrutinize and compare individual (standard “Deal or No Deal” edition) and group (special edition) choices in the risky choice context provided by programe.FindingsAfter analyzing contestant's behavior in the standard edition episodes plus a special edition the authors calculate a risk index observing that no statically significant difference is present between individuals' and groups' actions.Originality/valueIn the “Deal or No Deal” special edition contestant were groups of two strangers. It is not uncommon to have couples playing on TV, however the individuals usually know each other well and have relationships in real life. The special edition therefore provides a unique setting (absent to best of the authors’ knowledge in the literature) for investigation and could offer real-world insight. Indeed, in many instances the authors have to contract/make decisions with people the authors do not know/know very little (i.e. occasional business partners, representative at other companies/institutions, insurance/finance advisors, new work colleagues, etc.).
Moroccan family businesses professionalization: benefits and challenges
Authors: Habba Badr , Allioui Azzeddine , Farhane Farah 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to study the influence of professionalization on Moroccan family businesses and the challenges that hinder its success.Design/methodology/approachThe design is based on exploratory qualitative approach based on semi-directive interviews with 15 CEOs of unlisted Moroccan family businesses to gain a better understanding of CEOs' perceptions of management professionalization.FindingsThis research work gives rise to a result that professionalization helps family businesses cope with their competitive environment, improve the quality of strategic decisions and thus increase their performance. However, successful professionalization process requires certain cognitive, managerial, cultural and emotional skills that allow the overcoming of socio-emotional barriers and guarantee the efficacious implementation of change.Practical implicationsThis paper guarantees the identification of the mechanisms to be put in place to overcome the challenges that prevent the success of this professionalization by implementing a new professional culture inspired by family values and standards while respecting the conditions of economic profitability.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in the analysis of the influence of professionalization on the family businesses' in the Moroccan context and the proposal of professionalization tracks to align with market requirements and strengthen the competitiveness of the company. Thus, this paper guarantees the identification of the mechanisms to be put in place to overcome the challenges that prevent the success of this professionalization by implementing a new professional culture inspired by family values and standards while respecting the conditions of economic profitability.
The habitus of individuals in performance measurement practices in universities: a case study
Authors: Seneviratne Chaturika Priyadarshani , Hoque Zahirul 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to explore the role of individuals’ habitus in an organization’s performance measurement practices. Habitus refers to how individuals with a particular background perceive and react to the social world.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from the habitus philosophy developed by Bourdieu in his practice theory (Bourdieu, 1977), this study used a qualitative research methodology involving face-to-face interviews, observations of performance evaluation meetings and examination of documents within a Sri Lankan public university.

Findings
The authors revealed the power of university individuals as they possess practical knowledge in their field where they operate to make effects in the practice of a performance measurement system (PMS). In addition, the research findings show that mutually opposing strategies, self-interests and individuals’ varied power relations collectively play a dominant role in deciding the practical operation of the PMS at the university.

Research limitations/implications
While this study is constrained to a Sri Lankan public university, its findings offer insights into how individuals within an organization can emerge as influential players in PMS practice.

Originality/value
The findings enhance the understanding of how PMS practice may operate beyond traditional, calculative and abstract forms in an organizational setting. Instead, individuals, as micro-level forces in a specific social space, shape organizational practices, such as PMS, in universities.
There is no association of serum vitamin B levels with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Bing , Zhu Li , Ni Meng‐fan , Gan Liang‐ying , Wang Mei , Zuo Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of vitamin B metabolic disorders on hemodialysis (HD) patients' survival is unknown. This study is to investigate the association of serum vitamin B1, B3, B5, and B6 with all‐cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in HD patients.MethodsPatients' baseline serum vitamin B1, B3, B5, and B6 levels were collected, and they were followed up for the occurrence of all‐cause and CV death. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine the association of vitamin B with mortality.ResultsSeventy‐six HD patients were included. The median follow‐up time was 99 months. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that baseline vitamin B5 < 69.0 nmol/L and vitamin B6 < 8.1 ng/ml were associated with a higher risk of CV mortality, but these associations were nullified after adjustment.ConclusionsSerum vitamins B1, B3, B5, and B6 were not associated with all‐cause or CV mortality in HD patients.Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200057078 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,https://www.chictr.org.cn/).
TiPS: Rapidly simulating trajectories and phylogenies from compartmental models
Authors: Danesh Gonché , Saulnier Emma , Gascuel Olivier , Choisy Marc , Alizon Samuel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Stochastic population dynamics simulations are essential for many ecological and epidemiological studies to generate time series and genealogies that capture the relatedness between individuals. Many software packages allow one to simulate phylogenetic trees but these tend to suffer from one or two major limitations. First, the underlying population dynamics model is often simplistic (e.g. constant population size or exponential growth). Second, the software packages are not appropriate to simulate a large number of trees.

We introduce TiPS, an R package to generate trajectories and phylogenetic trees associated with a compartmental model. Trajectories are simulated using Gillespie's exact or approximate stochastic simulation algorithm, or a newly proposed mixed version of the two. Phylogenetic trees are simulated from a trajectory under a backwards‐in‐time approach (i.e. coalescent). TiPS is based on the Rcpp package, allowing to combine the flexibility of R for model definition and the speed of C++ for simulations execution. The model is defined in R with a set of reactions, which allow capturing heterogeneity in life cycles or any sort of population structure. TiPS converts the model into C++ code and compiles it into a simulator that is interfaced in R via a function.

TiPS is flexible, easy‐to‐use and available on the CRAN at https://cran.r‐project.org/package=TiPS. Plus, benchmarking analyses show that TiPS is faster than existing packages.

This package is particularly well suited for population genetics and phylodynamics studies that need to generate a large number of phylogenies used for population dynamics studies.
Characterisation of eight cattle with Swyer syndrome by whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Berry Donagh P. , Herman Emily K. , Carthy Tara R. , Jennings Rebecca , Bandi‐Kenari Nahid , O'Connor Rebecca E. , Mee John F. , O'Donovan Jim , Matthews Daragh , Stothard Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSwyer syndrome is where an individual has the karyotype of a typical male yet is phenotypically a female. The lack of a (functional) SRY gene located on the Y‐chromosome is implicated in some cases of the Swyer syndrome, although many Swyer individuals with an apparently fully functional SRY gene have also been documented. The present study undertook whole genome sequence analyses of eight cattle with suspected Swyer syndrome and compared their genome to that of both a control male and female. Sequence analyses coupled with female phenotypes confirmed that all eight individuals had the 60,XY sex reversal Swyer syndrome. Seven of the eight Swyer syndrome individuals had a deletion on the Y chromosome encompassing the SRY gene (i.e., SRY−). The eighth individual had no obvious mutation in the SRY gene (SRY+) or indeed in any reported gene associated with sex reversal in mammals; a necropsy was performed on this individual. No testicles were detected during the necropsy. Histological examination of the reproductive tract revealed an immature uterine body and horns with inactive glandular tissue of normal histological appearance; both gonads were elongated, a characteristic of most reported cases of Swyer in mammals. The flanking sequence of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 10 kb of the SRY gene are provided to help diagnose some cases of Swyer syndrome. These single nucleotide polymorphisms will not, however, detect all cases of Swyer syndrome since, as evidenced from the present study (and other studies), some individuals with the Swyer condition still contain the SRY gene (i.e., SRY+).
A poetics of living rebellion: Sociocultural anthropology in 2021
Authors: Ihmoud Sarah , Cordis Shanya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this experimental year‐in‐review article, we center the everyday, ongoing, and emergent rebellions of livingness against imbricated structures of antiblackness and Indigenous erasure that shape carceral global landscapes to think with the premise that “liberation is an already existing and unfinished and unmet possibility” (McKittrick 2021, 13). We do so through engaging what Orisanmi Burton (2021, 2) theorizes as the “ethnographic and political modality” of letter writing as an intimate practice of radical kinship and rebellious method. Our focus is on rebellious methods of living and loving that call on anthropologists to think with the fugitive acts of everyday people struggling to survive the shifting terrains of white supremacy, settler‐colonial and capitalist power, and ecological devastation while also tending to the forms of expansion, imagination, and rearticulation that always already exist in and beyond this frame. Sharing practices of rebellion and rebellious method across geographies allows us to hone anthropological insights from terrains of struggle through which alternative futures can be imagined, including constellations of a new humanism and anticipatory vocabularies of otherwise worlds.
Plasma methionine appearance and residual potential of supplemented N‐acetyl‐L‐methionine through ruminal or abomasal infusion in dairy cows
Authors: Fagundes Mark A. , Hall Jeffery O. , Eun Jong‐Su 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the plasma methionine (Met) and residual potential of N‐acetyl‐L‐Met (NALM) in lactating dairy cows. Six cows (75 ± 20.1 days‐in‐milk) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Within each square, cows were randomly assigned to a sequence of three dietary treatments during each of the three 13‐day periods (10 days of treatment adaptation and 3 days of data collection and sampling). The three dietary treatments are as follows: basal diet without NALM (control); control diet with 30 g/day of NALM by rumen placement (30NALM), and control diet with 60 g/day of NALM by rumen placement (60NALM). Rumen NALM dosing led to a linear increase in plasma Met concentration. Abomasal infusion with NALM resulted in both linear and quadratic increases in plasma Met concentration. No NALM was detected in milk, liver, plasma, and muscle samples after rumen placement or abomasal infusion. Supplementation of NALM did not affect dry matter intake and milk yield. The absence of plasma NALM and increases in plasma Met concentration for both ruminal and abomasal NALM dosing suggest that NALM supplemented by either rumen placement or abomasal infusion to lactating dairy cows is deacetylated before entering the central circulation.