bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal transformations of generalized negative flows in integrable hierarchies
Authors: Li Nianhua , Wu Lihua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We construct some reciprocal transformations for the first negative flows of the Korteweg–de Vries, the modified Korteweg–de Vries, the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur, the Fordy–Gibbons, the Boussinesq and the modified Boussinesq hierarchies or their reductions. With the help of these reciprocal transformations, the first negative flows of the above hierarchies are converted to the Camassa–Holm type and their short-wave limit, the generalized short pulse type as well as some new equations.
The Relation of Cultural Value Orientation to the Poverty of Communities Around Mangrove Forests and Peatlands in Kayan Sembakung Delta
Authors: Sutrisno A , Zulhafandi  , Wahyuni E , Sidik J , Usman S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKayan Sembakung delta is a strategic area located in North Kalimantan, Indonesia, which is used for various human activities, such as agricultural cultivation, fisheries and forestry activities, particularly by using mangrove forest areas and peatlands as a production area to generate income, which is then used for public consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to internalize cultural values that can encourage higher decent life for the community and the realization of the preservation of mangrove forests and peatlands. In this regard, this study was aimed to describe the profile of cultural value orientation, poverty and the relation between the two, using a descriptive correlative research approach. The results showed that the life issues consisting of the nature of life, the nature of work, the nature of the human relation with time and the nature of the human relation with nature had a significant relation to the poverty line (p-value < alpha), while the nature of the human relation with humans do not have a significant relation (p-value > alpha).
The Effect of Cooking Process on Nutritional Composition of Lais Fish (Cryptopterus sp.)
Authors: Bija Stephanie , Luthfiyana Novi , Rozi Anhar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Research has been carried out on the effect of the cooking process on the nutrient composition of Lais Fish (Cryptopterus sp.). The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of the cooking process, they are frying, boiling, steaming, and roasting on the nutritional content of Lais Fish (Cryptopterus sp.). The analysis carried out include analysis of water content, carbohydrate content, protein content, fat content, and ash content. The analyzed food ingredients were divided into 4 forms of treatment that is fried, boiled, steamed, and roasted. The method used are the analysis of water content using the oven method (Thermogravimetry), carbohydrate content using clegg anthrone method, protein content using the Kjeldahl method, fat content using the Soxhlet method, and ash content using the furnace method. The results showed that each cooking process had different levels of nutrients. The highest protein was found in steaming process at 20.05%; Fat (12.08%), carbohydrates (24.73%), and ash content (8.59%) were highest in frying process, while the highest water content was in boiling process (62,85%). The high or low of these nutrient levels due to the temperature and the longer of the cooking process. However, the most important thing in food processing is that food can have high nutritional value and be safe for consumption.
Convective Cloud Classification Model for Reconstruction of Heavy Rain That Triggers the Flood and Landslide in Parapat, North Sumatera
Authors: Rumapea Humuntal , Zarlis Muhammad , Sihombing Poltak , Efendi Syahril , Sinambela Marzuki , Saragih Immanuel Jhonson A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rainfall in Parapat as a part of Lake Toba, North Sumatera and a super-priority tourist destination in Indonesia on May, 13 2021 causes flood, it exceeds Meteorologi, Climatologi and Geophysics Agency’s threshold about intensity of extreme condition. It is related to dynamic of weather’s parameter, especially with convection process and clouds. The landslide material was very closed the road so that the SiantarParapat access was temporarily closed down. Heavy rains that have occurred since noon are said to be the cause of the floods and landslides that occurred at night. This study aims to describe the distribution of rain in Parapat and surrounding areas during floods and landslides. The data used are measured rainfall at the nearest AWS (Automatic Weather Station), and rainfall estimation data from GPM IMERG (Global Precipitation Measurement – The Integrated Multi-SatellitE Retrievals). The results of the study show that convective cloud classification model can be identify the reconstruction of heavy rain that trigger the flood and landslide in parapet. There has been rain with moderate to heavy intensity since 12 May 2021. Heavy rains that have occurred in the last few days have caused soil conditions to become saturated, resulting in landslides. Cloud classification shows the presence of Cumulonimbus cloud clusters that grow and develop around the Lake Toba area before and during heavy rains.
Analysis of Flow Overview Using Empirical Equations In The River Kampung Bugis Tarakan City
Authors: Asta  , Ramadhan M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During the rainy season, rivers in the Tarakan region experience overflows due to high rainfall, household waste and, river silting (sedimentation). On the Kampung Bugis and the Mahakam River in Kampung Empat, they overflow when it rains with intensity and a long duration of time. This study aims to determine the potential for overflow and the factors causing the overflow of the Kampung Bugis and the Mahakam Rivers in Kampung Empat by using the HEC-RAS software. Based on the analysis results of calculations and simulations with HEC-RAS software in the Kampung Bugis river at 10 stations (STA), the maximum discharge was obtained with values (QFlow + Q100th) = 51.44 m3/s and (QCanal) = 41.58 m3/s. From these results, the comparison is that (QFlow + Q100th) > (QCanal) which means that the Canal cannot accommodate the flowing discharge. The overflow factor is due to the sedimentation along the river Canal and the high rainfall.
Translating The Water Law Into Dynamic Modelling of The Mathematical Structural Equation : A Case of Medan North Sumatera
Authors: Hek Tan Kim , Wongsosudono Corinna , Ginting Ripka Seriidahnaita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To support the planning of water resources infrastructure systems for the people of Medan City, North Sumatra, it is necessary to have a model to determine the best selling price for water The distribution of water in the city of Medan is carried out by the Agency for the Development of Drinking Water Supply Systems, abbreviated as the PDAM. PDAM determines the selling price of water based on the Regulation of the Ministry of Home Affairs No. 23, 2006, which is a policy that contains guidelines and procedures for determining the selling price of water, so that it is mathematically inaccurate. Therefore, this research was conducted to translate the water law into an accurate Dynamic modelling mathematical structural equation so that it can determine the optimal selling price of water. The dynamic model is an effective, flexible, and realistic model that contains many economic variables that affect the selling price of water, so it is suitable to determine the optimal selling price of water and the development of water resources in the future. The optimal selling price of water is very relevant to educating water users to be more efficient in using and maintaining the sustainability of water resources.
A Quasi-Experimental Study of Young Coconut Water in Reducing Fatigue on Construction Workers
Authors: Siregar Santy Deasy , Samosir Frans Judea , Hulu Victor Trismanjaya , Kumakauw Baby Tio Ivana , Ikhtiari Refi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExcessive sweating will cause the sodium chloride salt content in the body to be excreted along with sweat, thereby inhibiting glucose transport and causing fatigue. The potassium and sugar content of coconut water is known to recover dehydration and reduce fatigue. A Quasi-Experimental method has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of young coconut water in reducing fatigue on construction workers. This experiment employed a hundred workers from two main construction projects in North Sumatra recently. Most of the respondents are a handyman (64%) of productive ages at 36-45 yrs (42%) with less than 5 years experience (72%) doing moderate workload (64%). A non-parametric test showed significant differences in work fatigue among the intervention group with a p-value 0.001, while the control group showed no significant difference with a p-value 0.056. Moreover, the N-Gain score of the intervention group was -13.37 or 13.3%, while in the control group was -0.62. This study was also supported by the quasi analysis on the ages category, years of works, types of work, and workload category, which showed significant differences between pre-test and post-test of the intervention groups. This study suggested the consumption of young coconut water to reduce fatigue due to its nutrient and mineral content.
Nephroprotective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Carica Papaya Seed on Rats Induced Rifampicin and Isoniazid
Authors: Chandra Etty Kartika , Nyoman Ehrich Lister I , Fachrial Edy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne, completely curable infection. The most common type is referred to as pulmonary TB. Rifampicin (RIF) is the first-line therapy for tuberculosis along with isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (ETB), and pyrazinamide (PZA). Papaya seeds are known to contain high concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, steroids, proteins, lipids, anthraquinones, and anthocyanosides. The RIF is the most commonly prescribed anti-TB drug and most studies associate it with acute kidney injury. In this study, papaya seed ethanol extract was treated with different doses. For the test, eight groups of rats were used: normal, negative 1, negative 2, negative 3, positive, treatment I (100 mg/kg BW), treatment II (100 mg/kg BW), 300 mg/kg BW), and treatment III (500 mg/kg BW). After dissection of the mice, serum whey protein concentrations were measured. The results showed that compared to the negative control group, papaya seed ethanol extract significantly reduced urea, creatinine, uric acid, and creatinine clearance (<P0.05).
Melastoma malabraticum L as Potential Inducer in Spawning Process and Number of Daphnia sp. Offspring
Authors: Farizah Nuril , Zairin Muhammad , Darusman Latifah K , Boediono Arief , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aimed of the study was to evaluate the ethanol extract ofM. malabraticum Las an inducer in the spawning process and the number of juvenile daphnids from Parthenogenesis femaleof Daphnia sp. The experiment was divided into two stages. Firstly, the experiment consisted of the phytochemical screening of medicinal plants,M. malabraticum Lisolation and characterization of the bioactive compound through GC-MS. Secondly, the extraction ofM. malabraticum Lleaf, the production of Parthenogenesis female and in vivo assay on daphnia sp. The experiment composed of four treatment groups with four replicates. The concentration of immersion varied from 50, 100, 200 ppm of the examined ethanol extract ofM. malabraticum Land control. The results showed that the treatment of Melastoma extracts significantly affected (P <0,05) on spawning rate on Parthenogenesis femaleof Daphnia sp compared to control treatment while for the number of offspring produced was significantly different (P <0,05). The treatment of immersion extract with concentration 50 ppm showed the highest number of offspring (53.67 ± 2.52), while the other treatment was the concentration of 100 ppm (51.00 ± 1.00), the concentration of 200 ppm (33.33 ± 3.06) and control treatment (44.33 ± 1.53). Administration of ethanol extractMelastoma malabraticumL with different concentrations, by immersion significantly affected to spawning rate and the number of Daphnia sp offspring. The melastoma extract treatment with the concentration of 50 ppm showed 100% spatial, spread rate and the highest number of offspring.
The Relationship of P and N Nutrient Contents with Chlorophyll-a Concentration in Tarakan Island Waters
Authors: Maradhy Ermawaty , Nazriel Rizal Syarief , Sutjahjo Surjono Hadi , Rusli Meika Syahbana , Widiatmaka  , Fedi Alfiadi Sondita M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Water productivity is related to nutrient availability. One of the factors related to nutrient availability is a chlorophyll-a concentration in these waters. This study analyses the relationship between chlorophyll-a concentration and nutrient content in Tarakan Island waters. The water samples taking on 18 points of observation locations used a water sampler Horiba U51. The chlorophyll-a assay using a spectrophotometer method. The phosphate and nitrate levels are measured based on APHA phosphate concentration with the ascorbic acid method using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength (λ) = 880 nm. Nitrate samples were analysed using the Brucine method using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength (λ) = 410 nm. The analysis of the chlorophyll-a does with the acetone extraction method. Nutrient content and chlorophyll-a data were obtained and processed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and Sigmaplot. The results showed the highest nutrient content of phosphate (0.11-0.19 mg/l), while for nitrate (0.03-0.16 mg/l) and chlorophyll-a content ranged from 0.13-4, 56 mg/m3 and dissolved oxygen content (5, 48 – 8.39 mg/l). The results showed that the nitrate content had a significant relationship with the chlorophyll-a concentration, but not for phosphate nutrients.
The Influence of Facility Infrastructure and Personal Contact on Inpatient’s Trust
Authors: Sinuraya Budio Satya , Ramadhani Nasution Sri Lestari , Nasution Sri Wahyuni , Girsang Ermi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trust is one of the most important aspects of the relationship between patients and medical staff. Patients are free to choose hospitals based on their confidence, leading to competition among hospitals. This is a challenge for hospital management to improve impact trust and patient retention. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of facility infrastructure and personal contacts on the confidence of inpatients at Royal Prima Medan Hospital through an interpretive survey study. The study was conducted between July 2019 and August 2019 with a total of 98 participants using a proportional random sampling technique. The results showed that a facility’s infrastructure and personal contacts statistically influenced patient trust. The most important factor influencing patient confidence was facility infrastructure (p-value = 0.002 and odds ratio = 5.27). These results suggest that improving the quality of facilities and personal contact increases trust in patients.
A Validation Simulation using OpenFOAM: Nozzle Length and Angle Effect on the Ducted Propeller Performance
Authors: Bahatmaka Aldias , Kim Dong-Joon , Anis Samsudin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The use of numerical simulation is needed for predicting the performance of the ship. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is based on the improvement of Reynold-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) equation, in order to compute the simulation for solving the engineering problem. The simulation was begun by conducting several calculations to validate the numerical method applied in open water propeller test. A Kaplan type propeller is selected with 19A nozzle. The Moving Rotating Frame (MRF) method was selected to test the ducted propeller performance by modifying the nozzle length and angle. The model was designed in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) program and predicted the performance using the OpenFOAM. The OpenFOAM was used as open source CFD tool. The results are validated by comparing with experimental value of J from 0.2 to 0.8 and produced the thrust, torque and efficiency trends in good agreement with experimental data. Due to the results, can be conclude that by increasing the nozzle length to 10% and 20%, the thrust was decreased about 2.25% and 3.01% at low advance coefficient to 7.06% and 9.41% at high advance coefficient. By increasing the nozzle angle, both thrust and torque were increased while efficiency decreased especially at low coefficient.
Bioenrichment of Papaya Leaf Meal (Carica papaya) with Different Feed Formulation to Increase Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Growth
Authors: Simanjuntak Ricky F , Husni Supardi , Cahyadi Jimmy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe level of absorption of fish nutrients is highly dependent on the source and components of the feed. Feeds with high protein have not been able to be absorbed optimally by fish. The use of synthetic enzymes as proteolytic agents to convert proteins into amino acids that are easily absorbed by fish has been widely used. However, synthetic enzymes has side effects and is quite expensive. The application of papain enzymes derived from papaya leaf as a substitute for synthetic enzymes is very necessary. This purpose of this study to examine the effect of commercial feed with the addition of papaya leaf meal (C. papaya) on the growth out of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The feed treatment was given with a mixture of papaya leaf with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations. The result of this study showed tha absolute growth ranged from 1.04 – 1.36 grams, specific weight growth ranged from 3.47 – 4.53%, absolute length growth ranged from 2.52 – 2.87 cm, survival rate ranged from 63 – 80%, and FCR ranged from 0.93 – 0.99. However, after the analysis of variance showed that the results were not significantly different (P>0.05) on all observed parameters. Based on the results of the study, the use of papaya leaf meal (C. papaya) as a commercial feed mixture with the best composition was 2%.
Detection of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and its damage symptoms to maize in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Widhayasa B , Darma E S , Gendroyono H , Prasetyani E D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest found on maize in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the presence of FAW on maize in East Kalimantan. Observations were made in Bangun Rejo Village, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia; in August 2021. The observation plots are determined using purposive sampling techniques. The data acquired were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Morphological characters stated that FAW larvae had inverted Y-shaped markings on the front of the head and black spots forming a square and trapezoidal pattern on the abdomen. During our observations, we only found FAW larvae and pupa. The FAW larvae found were divided into six instar groups, which varied in size. The length of FAW larvae instar 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 5.50, 7.83, 13.10, 18.67, 24.80, and 30.33 mm, respectively. While the head diameters are 0.70, 0.93, 1.32, 1.83, 2.68, and 3.03 mm, respectively. Damage symptoms by FAW larvae show numerous ragged holes in leaves, whorls, and frass around feeding areas.
First results of estimating possible habitat-forming role of forest reindeer in forest-wetland complexes of central Russian Plain (on example of adaptation enclosure of Kerzhensky Stare Nature Reserve)
Authors: Bakka S V , Kadetov N G , Kiseleva N Y , Shestakova A A , Shukov P M , Surov S G 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe relevance of the study is determined by a high conservation value of activities on the reintroduction of forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) listed in the Red Data Book of Russia, in the territory of the Kerzhensky State Nature Reserve (Nizhny Novgorod Region). The paper aims to estimate the first results of studying the environmental-forming role of the forest reindeer in the forest bog complexes of the reserve (using the example of an adaptation enclosure). Our purpose is to assess the location character of reindeer trails in forest and bog habitats, the extent of grazing pressure on the vegetation in summer; to assess changes in the number of plants consumed by reindeer mainly in summer; to assess the foraging activity of reindeer in winter under condition of snow cover; to analyze possible consequences of reindeer impact on ecosystems. To solve these problems, vegetation mapping was carried out in the territory of an adaptation enclosure before the animals were placed there, reindeer trails were mapped to identify the features of their distribution throughout the enclosure, and the reindeer impact on ecosystems was estimated. It is shown that due to the environment-forming activity of the reindeer, the biological diversity of bog ecosystems increases, possible stagnation in forest succession are eliminated, and the fire hazard in lichen pine forests decreases.
Lake-swamp transition in the West-Siberian forest-steppe: pollen and plant microremains indicators of wetland ecosystem
Authors: Yuzhanina E D , Ryabogina N E , Afonin A S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a case study of a swamp, which succeeded a lake in the south of Western Siberia. Our investigated sediment core from the Oskino-09 peatbog site demonstrates local wetland development during the Middle-Late Holocene. A succession of the vegetal changes obtained by the plant microremains and palynological methods infers that the gradually shallowed lake entered a transitional phase of about 3.3. ka BP; both methods indicate a sharp decrease in macrophytic water plants. The lacustrine plants assemblage became completely replaced by the mire after 2.9 ka BP.
Modelling of the wetland methane budget to estimate its transport to groundwater
Authors: Glagolev M V , Sabrekov A F , Kotsyurbenko O R , Terentieva I E , Litti Y V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We are considering the methane budget for a taiga raised bog Mukhrino in order to estimate how much methane can potentially be transported from wetlands with the flow of groundwater. The production and oxidation of methane in the wetland, methane emission from the surface, accumulation in the gas phase in peat and migration with groundwater are distinguished as components of the wetland methane budget. The methane production is calculated using results of laboratory incubation experiments with peat, the oxidation is estimated using data on the vertical δ13C profile in the bog and the emission is measured using chamber method. The calculated difference between production on the one hand and emissions as well as oxidation on the other was 25.4 mg of methane per square meter of a wetland per hour or about 70% of the methane produced. This value is considered as a total methane flux that enters both gas phase of the wetland and groundwater.