bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two independent and consecutive Michael addition of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid to (2,6-diarylidene)cyclohexanone: Flying-bird-shaped 2D-polymeric structure
Authors: Pesyan Nader Noroozi , Mousavi Saman , Şahin Ertan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Two independent and consecutive intermolecular Michael addition of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid to 2,6-diarylidenecyclohexanone as an α,β-unsaturated ketone leads to synthesis of a new type of meso form 5,5′-((2-oxocyclohexane-1,3-diyl)bis(arylmethylene))bis(1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione) in good yield. These compounds showed a 2D-polymeric structure via intermolecular H-bonds. Structure elucidation is carried out by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction analyses. A plausible reaction mechanism is discussed.
Policy Space for Building Production Capabilities in the Pharmaceuticals Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mustafizur , Wirtz Veronika J. , Kaplan Warren A. , Thrasher Rachel Denae , Gallagher Kevin P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOver the past four decades Bangladesh has built enough domestic productive capacity in the pharmaceuticals and related industries to generate manufacturing capacity and employment to provide access to medicines in the country and to become a modest exporter of medicines as well. This paper traces the role played by government policy in fostering Bangladesh’s burgeoning pharmaceuticals sector and then examines the extent to which such policies would have been permissible under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and the rules of recent trade and investment treaties. Bangladesh has not had to adhere to such rules given its status as a Least Developed Country (LDC) but will face those rules as it may graduate from LDC status in the coming years. We find that a significant amount of Bangladesh’s policies would not have been permitted under the WTO, and even more policy space would be constrained under other regional and bilateral trade and investment treaties. These findings reveal that Bangladesh will face a series of challenges as it graduates from LDC status in its efforts to build its domestic pharmaceutical industry moving forward. Our findings also pinpoint challenges for current WTO and other trade and investment treaty members who now seek to build domestic productive capacity in this sector in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of forced convection heat transfer with CNTs and CuO water based nano-fluids
Authors: Abdel-Latif Salwa H. , Refaey Ahmed M. , Elnaggar Sayed A. , Abdelrihem Nehad A. , Wasfy Samaa A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Improving efficiency of the nuclear power plants has always been of interest for researchers. Recently, Nanofluid technology are developed to increase the heat extraction from a hot surface. Throughout this work, the thermal hydraulic behavior of Nanofluid was experimentally investigated and theoretically predicted. For this purpose, an experimental apparatus (setup) was designed and constructed to study the effect of the kind of Nanomaterial and the concentration of nanoparticles. Two kinds of Nanomaterial, Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) and Copper Oxide (CuO) were used. In an experimental investigation of CNTs, two nanoparticles concentration was used; 0.05 and 0.1% vol. CNTs/Water. CuO nanofluid was investigated experimentally with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% vol.CuO/Water. These concentrations of nanofluid were investigated at a constant mass flow rate and different heat fluxes, (1000, 3000 and 5000 W/m2). The test rig was modeled theoretically using ANSYS FLUENT 17.2 code and validated to predict the thermal hydraulic performance of the Nanofluid. The five concentrations of CNTs and CuO nanofluids were theoretically investigated. It was found that the measured wall surface temperatures of CNTs and CuO nanoparticles decreased remarkably as heat flux decreased and the nanoparticles concentrations increased. There was an increase in forced thermal efficiency of nanofluids as compared to base fluid. The experimental results showed a maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement of 26.55% for a nanofluid prepared with 0.1% vol. CNTs and 20.6% with 0.5% vol. CuO. A good agreement was detected after comparing experimental results with the investigated model.
Movements of three mormoopid bat species (Chiroptera, Mormoopidae) among three underground roosts in southeastern Mexico
Authors: Santos-Moreno Antonio , Hernández-Aguilar Itandehui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The movement of individuals between roosts allows gene flow and influences the spatial distribution, dynamics, and genetic structure of populations. The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of movement of the bats Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus fulvus, and Pteronotus mesoamericanus, between a mine (La Mina) and two caves (El Apanguito and Cerro Huatulco) and explore some drivers for the movements in Oaxaca, México using capture-recapture methods. From July 2016 to June 2017, we captured 5082 individuals (2369 P. fulvus, 1868 P. mesoamericanus, and 845 M. megalophylla). We obtained 292 recaptures, including 57 recaptures represented inter-roost movements (34 by P. fulvus, 18 by P. mesoamericanus, and 5 by M. megalophylla). Brownie’s Multistate model showed that the movements among roosts were species-specific and were determined only by the roost occupied before capture for P. mesoamericanus, by the roosts used before and after capture for P. fulvus, or only by seasonality for M. megalophylla. The results showed that the reproductive condition could have influenced the movements between roosts in the three mormoopids, mainly due to the formation of maternity colonies of P. mesoamericanus and P. fulvus in the El Apanguito cave and exclusive colonies of M. megalophylla males in Cerro Huatulco. Due to the importance of the reproductive events that occur in the roosts studied, we suggest that the three roosts should be considered as part of the group of Important Sites for the Conservation of Bats in the state of Oaxaca.
Nietzsche and Normativity
Authors: Constâncio João 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The article is divided in three main parts. The first part shows that the first three chapters of the second essay of On the Genealogy of Morality (1887) give a genealogical account of the emergence of reason in human history, and that this account involves the claim that reason is a development of human engagement with social rules: Nietzsche understands the emergence of reason as the emergence of a normative space of reasons. The second part interrogates Nietzsche’s conception of value, purpose, and meaning in order to show that he is not a proponent of any version of “bald naturalism”: he does not equate what is “really real” with a natural world of causation devoid of value, purpose, and meaning. The third part of the article shows that, although Nietzsche’s perspectivism does not assign to the space of reasons the status of a purely autonomous realm of justification, he does not dismiss rational normativity, or the space of reasons, as merely illusory. Nietzschean genealogy is shown to be a reflective questioning of our values that investigates the reasons behind our deeper normative commitments.
Peacekeeping and Economic Recovery from Conflict
Authors: Jensen Lars 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To better understand the large country-level heterogeneity found with respect to post-conflict economic recovery, this paper examines the potential role and impact of UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) using a dataset which includes key information on civil conflicts and UN PKOs spanning 124 developing economies from 1990 to 2018. Analytical results provide evidence in support of PKOs’ positive impact on post-conflict economic recovery. Recovery growth (defined as a real GDP growth above peacetime growth) is found to only occur when a PKO is deployed and the relationship is stronger for, and likely driven by, the so-called transformative PKOs. Across robustness tests results imply that PKOs are, on average, associated with recovery rates of growth between 2 to 4 percentage points, and thus that peacekeeping could be an important factor in reducing and eliminating conflict-attributable macroeconomic losses. Foreign direct investments (FDI) and official development assistance (ODA) are explored as two potential channels that could help explain the growth results. While results for FDI are inconclusive, ODA results imply that there is a strong association between periods of recovery and ODA (as a percentage of GDP) when recovery periods coincide with the presence of a PKO, and again much stronger for transformative PKOs.
Tissue Perfusion Changes after Direct and Indirect Angiosome Revascularization in Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Baltrūnas Tomas , Račytė Austėja , Pikturnaitė Gabija , Ašakienė Ingrida , Labunskas Vaidas , Kalvaitis Evaldas , Ručinskas Kęstutis 
Published: April 2022

Background. Blood flow restore in critical limb ischemia according to angiosomes is becoming very popular. This method allows to restore blood flow precisely to the artery supplying the ischemic zone, based on the angiosome concept. However, angiosome revascularization is not a gold standard because of the lack of evidence supporting this approach. The aim of this study was to compare tissue oxygenation changes in ischemic zone during endovascular revascularization procedure either following angiosome concept or performing indirect revascularization. Methods. A prospective observational study was performed. Patients with critical limb ischemia and tissue loss due to chronic total occlusion of below the knee arteries were included. Endovascular revascularization was performed in all cases. Tissue oxygen saturation was observed intraoperatively using near-infrared spectroscopy. Tissue oxygenation changes near the ischemic wound were compared between direct and indirect revascularization groups. Results. This clinical trial included 30 patients with critical limb ischemia (Rutherford 5) and occluded below the knee arteries intended to treat. In 15 patients the procedure was performed according to angiosome, while the other half underwent indirect revascularization. Tissue oxygenation near the wound was monitored during the intervention. Greater oxygen saturation increase was observed in the group with direct revascularization (29% and 23% accordingly), however the difference between groups was not statistically significant (t-test for independent group, p = 0,544). Conclusions. The increase in tissue oxygen saturation differed very slightly in direct and indirect revascularization groups and the difference was statistically insignificant.
Step-wise Treatment of Bladder Pain Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Černiauskienė Aušra , Tubutytė Geistė , Zaveriuchaitė Augustina 
Published: April 2022

Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis is a condition characterized by chronic pelvic and bladder pain (lasting longer than 6 months) accompanied by urinary symptoms (urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia). It can have a highly negative effect on the quality of life. The treatment of this disease is impeded by lack of understanding of its etiology. Therefore, treatment recommendations and information about their efficacy are scarce. The American Urological Association recommends a step-wise therapeutic approach starting from mere patients’ lifestyle modification to pharmacological therapy or to even more complex methods, such as intravesical botulinum toxin-A injections. We present here a case of a 60-year old woman, who presented in 2020 with tiresome symptoms characteristic to bladder pain syndrome lasting for two years. Previous treatments with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticholinergic medications were unsuccessful; urine culture was negative. During the cystoscopy in our center small bladder capacity and minute glomerulations were observed. Urodynamic tests (cystometry) were performed showing hypersensitive bladder with small capacity. Bladder hydrodistention procedure was performed twice; however the positive effects only lasted up to one month each time. Therefore, it was decided to perform an intravesical botulinum toxin-A injection into bladder trigonal area after which the patient experienced a significant relief in bladder pain, reduced urinary frequency during the day and night and improved quality of life.
Gigantic Cutaneous Horn: a Clinical Case and a Literature Review
Authors: Suslavičius Kristupas , Mačys Žygimantas , Rauba Gediminas 
Published: April 2022

Keratoacanthoma is a benign skin tumour caused mainly by ultraviolet A radiation. It affects 150 out of every 100 000 people worldwide. The most common location is the face, neck, and hands. Keratoacanthoma usually affects middle-aged and older men with a fair skin phenotype. More importantly, this disease may be a complication of cutaneous cornification. Keratoacanthoma is described as a circumscribed conical prominent hyperkeratotic lesion in the literature, and the main factor provoking this complication is ultraviolet radiation. Fair skin phenotype, male sex, and older age may contribute to the development of cutaneous horn disease. Another possible complication of keratoacanthoma is squamous cell carcinoma, which is defined as a malignant composed of epidermal keratinocytes skin tumour. Squamous cell carcinoma is very similar to keratoacanthoma, but is prone to metastasis and has unclear tumour borders. Ultraviolet radiation and the treatment of keratoacanthoma by using chemotherapy are some of the main provocative factors. All three of these diseases are treated surgically. The purpose of this article is to discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, treatment of kerato­acanthoma, essential complications – skin horn, squamous cell carcinoma, and a clinical case related to these diseases.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cushing Syndrome in Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Januškevičiūtė Edvina , Kalakauskaitė Laura , Visockienė Žydrūnė 
Published: April 2022

Background. Bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia (ACH) is one of the rare causes of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing’s syndrome (CS), where lateralization of cortisol secretion and choice of treatment techniques are challenging. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for benign and malignant tumors, but it is not commonly used to treat CS in bilateral ACH. Case description. A 79-year-old patient developed ACTH-independent CS with bilateral ACH. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) showed right sided cortisol hypersecretion. Due to serious comorbidities it was decided to perform percutaneus RFA. The procedure was successful and without any complications. Hydrocortisone replacement therapy was given to ma­nage adrenal insufficiency after the procedure. Conclusions. Percutaneous RFA is an effective minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of cortisol producing adrenal tumors. Reduction of symptoms caused by the disease has been observed after the procedure. It is also expected that hormone deficiency developed after the procedure will be transient.
Misleading Translation of What is Philosophy? by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari
Authors: Žukauskaitė Audronė 
Published: April 2022

Deleuze, G., Guattari, F., 2019. Kas yra filosofija? Vertė Daina Habdankaitė, Nijolė Keršytė. Vilnius: Jonas ir Jokūbas, 242 p. ISBN 978-609-8236-06-4
The Ecstasy of Acceleration: the Problem of Capital in the Philosophy of Nick Land
Authors: Tuomas Linartas 
Published: April 2022

In this article, the anti-anthropocentric philosophy of Nick Land is discussed from the perspective of the concept of capital – capital becomes a philosophical problem. The origin of Land’s conception of capital as artificial intelligence alien to humanity is traced from the theory of libidinal materialism, the transcendental philosophy of Kant, and also from the historical and cultural background. The ideas of Deleuze and Guattari let Land think of capital as machinically and cybernetically accelerating techno-capital – Land’s intense relation to the process of acceleration is defined here as ecstasy. Also, the problematic interpretation of Deleuze and Guattari is noted, the processes of automatisation and autonomisation are considered, and Land’s teleological vision of technological singularity is criticised, especially from the point of the threats of the climate crisis. Here is shown that the philosophy of Land affectively follows the relevant and important tendencies of capitalism, but suffers from some inner contradictions and paradoxes, according to which we can reasonably doubt the philosopher’s ecstatic celebration of the abyss between capital and human subjectivity.
Anxiety and Fear as Moods of Everydayness in Heidegger’s Being and Time
Authors: Grigas Justinas 
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the phenomenological analyses of anxiety (Angst) and fear (Furcht) found in Heidegger’s Being and Time. In his work Heidegger considers these moods as the conditions of possibility of everydayness. He claims that anxiety is a mood which, in a latent manner, constantly determines everydayness; however, he does not explicitly clarify the meaning of mood having a “latent” form. The paper argues for the thesis that Heidegger considered “being latent” in terms of the structure of forgetting, which is characteristic to everydayness; the paper investigates the means of everyday forgetting described in Being and Time. The first part of the paper briefly discusses Heidegger’s conception of everydayness. The second part interprets the mood of fear as a primary mode of everyday forgetting and explicates the structure of fear as a self-forgetting participation in everyday concerns. In the third part, three main characteristics of everydayness – idle talk, curiosity and ambiguity – are presented as a means of everyday forgetting. In the course of the analysis, everydayness is revealed as a twofold structure of forgetting.
Pengelolaan Zakat Produktif Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Umat
Authors: Hawari Muhammad Dzaki , Zen Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Productive Zakat management to improve the welfare of the people is carried out by the management and staff of the Indonesian Zakat House amil zakat institution, to maintain its existence as an NGO-based social institution (Non-Government Organization), the quality of management is an important essence in serving donors in general and in particular. the mustahik in the village are empowered so that the collection and distribution process is in accordance with the wishes of the donors and mustahik who are worthy of welfare. This research was conducted to carefully study the implementation of productive zakat management carried out by Rumah Zakat Indonesia with the aim of improving the welfare of the people. Management of services in terms of collection, data collection of donors, data collection of mustahik, improving the quality of amil to the stage of distributing zakat funds according to the institution's program. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods, namely using the method of observation and interviews as the author's research instruments. Based on the results of the author's research, it was found that the management of zakat funds in Rumah Zakat institutions is quite good which can improve the welfare of the people. Starting from raising funds to the stage of distribution, God willing, it is right on target according to the alquran and hadith. Pengelolaan Zakat Produktif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan umat dilakukan oleh para pengurus dan staff amil zakat lembaga Rumah Zakat Indonesia, untuk tetap mempertahankan eksistensinya sebagai lembaga sosial yang berbasis NGO (Non Government Organization), kualitas pengelolaan merupakan suatu esensi yang penting dalam melayani donatur pada umumnya dan khususnya para mustahik yang ada di desa berdaya agar proses penghimpunan dan penyaluran sesuai dengan keinginian donatur dan mustahik yang layak untuk disejahterakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari secara seksama implementasi pengelolaan zakat produktif yang dilakukan oleh Rumah Zakat Indonesia dengan tujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan umat. Pengelolaan pelayanan dari segi penghimpunan, pendataan donatur, pendataan mustahik, meningkatkan kualitas para amil sampai pada tahap penyaluran dana zakat sesuai dengan program lembaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yakni menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara sebagai instrument penelitian penulis.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis, ditemukan pengelolaan dana zakat di lembaga Rumah Zakat yang cukup baik yang mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan umat. Mulai dari penghimpunan dana sampai pada tahap penyaluran yang insya Allah tepat sasaran sesuai dengan alqur’an dan hadits.
Адсорбция метана на графеновом аэрогеле
Authors: Меметова Анастасия Евгеньевна , Нескоромная Елена Анатольевна , Зеленин Андрей Дмитриевич , Бабкин Александр Викторович , Меметов Нариман Рустемович , Герасимова Алена Владимировна 
Published: April 2022

Статья посвящена изучению адсорбции метана на графеновом аэрогеле в широком интервале давлений при температурах выше критической. В работе синтезирован углеродный наноструктурный материал, представляющий собой аэрогель на основе восстановленного оксида графена с применением сверхкритических методов обработки гидрогеля в среде изопропилового спирта. Полученный адсорбент обладает хорошо развитой пористой структурой (S(БЭТ)=657 м2/г; V(DFT)=0.766 см3/г), что создает хорошие перспективы его использования для адсорбции энергетически важных газов, в частности, метана. Благоприятным фактором для увеличения скорости адсорбции-десорбции в таких системах является большой объем мезопор с диаметрами ~5.0 нм.
Изучена адсорбция метана на полученном графеновом аэрогеле при температурах 298.15, 303.15, 313.15 К и давлении до 100 бар. Максимальная величина адсорбции составила 7.31 ммоль/г при 100 бар и 298.15 К. Представлены результаты расчетов адсорбции метана на графеновом аэрогеле в области сверхкритических температур по теории объемного заполнения микропор М. М. Дубинина. Экспериментальные данные адсорбции метана на графеновом аэрогеле были проанализированы с использованием типовой модели адсорбции Дубинина-Радушкевича в интервале температур 298.15-313.13 К. Характеристическая энергия адсорбции исследуемого газа (метана) на графеновом аэрогеле находятся в диапазоне 5.47-5.64 кДж/моль, что говорит о том, что процесс адсорбции метана на графеновом аэрогеле относится к физической адсорбции. На основе полученных данных рассчитаны зависимости дифференциальных мольных теплот адсорбции метана на графеновом аэрогеле от величины адсорбции при температурах 298.15-313.15 К. Теплота адсорбции составила 24 кДж/моль при всех температурах, а затем падала до ~9 кДж/моль при ~6 ммоль/г (298.15 К) и при ~4 ммоль/г (303.15-313.15 К). Такой ход кривых теплоты адсорбции, вероятно, является следствием особенностей пористой структуры адсорбента – мультимодальностью структуры. С молекулярной точки зрения само падение теплоты адсорбции при высоких заполнениях, по-видимому, связано с нарастанием энергии отталкивания между молекулами в адсорбате на малых расстояниях.