bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Spring, 1982
Authors: Leibee Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Goldcup’ sweet corn was planted 26 May in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Nemacur 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre was incorporated at planting time in a 15 in band for nematode control. A plot consisted of two 20-ft rows with 30 in-row spacing and 12 in-plant spacing. Plots were separated by 60 in (two row spacings). Treatments were replicated in four randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft. weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles (D3-45) were used per row; one overhead and one drop on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 50 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Baits were broadcasted over-the-top in premeasured amounts wiith a shaker-can. Lannate 1.8L at .45 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the entire experiment (including untreated check) on 11 June, due to a severe infestation of fall armyworm, Spodoptera fruqiperda (J. E. Smith), that threatened the existence of the experiment. Baits were applied 15 and 22 June. Sprays were applied 16 (except Pounce) and 22 June. The effectiveness of the treatments applied on 15 and 16 June is questionable, due to 0.85, 0.24, and 4.0 in of rain on 15, 16, and 17 June, respectively. Applications made on 22 June were not as severely affected by rain; 0.1 and 0.2 in on 23 and 24 June. Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 in tall; the stage considered most susceptible to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Twenty plants (10 in each row) per plot were rated for damage on 25 June as follows: 1, no damage; 2, etching only (evidence of foliar feeding by newly hatched larvae); 3, damage to bud; and 4, bud completely destroyed. Twenty plants (10 in each row) per plot were rated for damage on 28 June as follows: 0, no damage; 1, etching only; 2, light bud damage; 3, severe bud damage; and 4, bud completely destroyed.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms and European Corn Borers in No-Till Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in four-row plots 60 ft in length on 3 June. Overwintered rye 6 to 8 in tall was killed by treating with 1.0 pt Paraquat + 1.25 qt Lasso on 5 May. On 3 June Paraquat (1.5 pt) + Atrazine (1.4 qt) + Lasso (1.25 qt) was applied to the rye cover crop. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 in Treatment plots were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by four nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat four rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 lb/in2. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk (25 July) and 3 days later (28 July) except for Zectran plots which were treated only on 25 July. Plots were harvested 11 Aug. and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One-hundred ears per treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center two rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Onion Thrips Control, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. F. , Warner F. , Mitchel M. , Morrow E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onions were seeded in 18 in rows at the M.S.U. Muck Crops Exp. Farm, Bath, Mich. (Clinton Co.). Onions, cv. Downing Yellow Globe, for Experiment 1, were planted in 18-in rows on 13 May with tractor-mounted. Planet Junior seeders and soil insecticide treatments were applied with a Gandy granular applicator. Plots were 15 rows by 15 ft long and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with two replications of foliar treatments within each soil treatment. The soil treatments were not replicated, although samples were taken from randomly selected plants within each treatment. Foliar treatments were applied approximately weekly with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer (30 gal/acre) beginning when thrips populations began building up. Onions, cv. Spartan Banner, for Experiment 2 were planted on 15 May in 18-in rows with a vee-belt seeder. Plots were 1 row by 19 ft long and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment. Plots were part of a larger (13 treatment) experiment evaluating onion maggot control, reported separately. All of the onion maggot control plots, including the Dyfonate-treated and untreated plots reported here, were sprayed with Pydrin (0.1 lb(AI)/A) for thrips control beginning 2 Aug., and were not intensively sampled for thrips. Onion plants were sampled visually for thrips approximately weekly. Sixty plants per treatment (15 per plot) were sampled in Experiment 1 and 50 per treatment (10 per plot) in Experiment 2. Data was analyzed using standard ANOVA analysis with each plant (= subsample) being treated as a replication, since the variability between plants far exceeded the variability between plots.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on 25 Apr. at the Malheur, Oreg. experiment station in silt loam soil. Chemicals were hand mixed into the soil covering the tubers at the time of planting. Plots were a single row 20 ft long; treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Row spacing was 3 ft in a furrow-irrigated field. All tubers from each plot were harvested, weighed and examined for injuries.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134-1-2’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 45 ft in length, on 27 May. Plots consisted of a treatment row buffered on one side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 72 inches. When plants were 2 to 3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of three tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in2 . Treatments were applied 3 Jun. and 29 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae per 10 ft of row and the percentage of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken 12 Sep.
Impact of Insecticides on Secondary Outbreak of Tomato Russet Mites, 1983
Authors: Perring Thomas M. , Trumble John T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Univ. of California South Coast Field St. in Orange County, Calif. Tomato seedlings were transplanted 13 Jul. on 5-ft centers and grown as bush tomatoes. Topically applied irrigation was utilized for 2 weeks following transplant, after which time plants were drip irrigated. Experimental plots consisted of four rows which were 40 ft long, each plot separated by a 5-ft buffer. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Insecticide applications were initiated at flowering (22 Aug.) and continued on a weekly basis for 7 weeks (3 Oct.), except for the SD compounds which were not applied the 5th week (19 Sep.). Materials were applied with a tractor mounted boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre at 100 lb/in2. All treatments included 0.04% spreader sticker (Leaf Act 40). Three days following the last treatment, plots were evaluated for russet mite damage. Four plants per plot were randomly selected and rated on a 1 to 10 scale based on the percentage of total tissue damaged.
Control of Insects on Fresh Market Tomato in West-Central Florida, Fall 1982
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 8 Sept., 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-inch-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated four times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied 7, 14, 21, 28 Oct., 9, 18, 23 Nov. , 3, 9, 17, and 22 Dec. with a 2.5 gal, handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 50 to 140 gal/acre (averaged 110 gal/acre; gallonage increased as the plants grew). On 8 Dec, the number of large leafmines (ca. 0.5 inches or longer) were counted on the terminal three leaflets of the fourth fully expanded leaf from the tops of 10 branches per plot and the foliage excised and placed in 1 qt Fonda ice cream cartons. The cartons were incubated at ca. 80°F for 1 week and the numbers of leafminers puparia were counted. The number of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm and a climbing armyworm), southern green stink bugs or both armyworm larvae and stink bugs were totaled over harvests taken on 15 and 29 Dec. Percentage data were transformed arcsine %/100 before analysis but data are presented in the original scale.
Mole Cricket Control in Tomato, 1983
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plastic buckets (0.7 ft) were filled with Myakka fine sand so that the surface area was 1.1 ft and volume was 0.4 ft. One tall tomato seedling (4 to 5 in. tall) was transplanted at each corner of 6-inch squares in the middles of each of 56 buckets. Ten adult, field-collected S. vicinus females were introduced into each bucket. Each of the six insecticide treatments was applied to the soil surfaces of eight buckets, whereas no insecticide was applied to the soil surfaces of eight buckets. The granule and bait formulations were applied by hand-sprinkling over the soil surface. Sprays were applied with a handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 55 gal/acre. One bucket for each treatment, including an untreated check, was randomly assigned a position in each of eight rows (replicates). Buckets were placed in a covered structure with no sides and were covered with polypropylene shade cloth to inhibit cricket escape. After 3 and 7 days, the number of severed plants and dead and surviving crickets in four replicates were determined. The percent mortality was calculated and transformed arcsine (%)/(0.01) before analysis of variance. Data are presented in the original scale.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri, 1983
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Kirfman G.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on 16 May at Spickard, Mo., on an 11-year-old stand. The alfalfa was 12 in. tall at treatment. Plots were 40 by 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were applied with a 20-ft spray boom 8002 flat fan nozzles, and 50 mesh screens. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2. Temperature at treatment was 70°F. Measurable precipitation fell on 11 of the 22 days following treatment. Evaluations were conducted at 24 h, 9 day and 15 day posttreatment by taking 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net. The data were transformed by X + O.5. The means in the table are of actual counts.
Alfalfa, Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri, 1983
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Seevers K.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was part of a spring seeded stand of “Buffalo” alfalfa. Compounds for evaluation were applied on 6 July 1983 to 40 by 40 ft plots in 16.5 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 using a tractor-mounted boom-type sprayer with 8002 flat fan nozzles and 50-mesh screens. Conditions at treatment were 85°F and no wind. Alfalfa was 12 in. tall. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in four replications. Samples consisting of 10 (180-degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net, were taken pretreatment, 24 h, 7 and 14 days posttreatment to evaluate potato leafhopper control.
Control of Insects on Alfalfa, 1983
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Stoltz Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight compounds applied as foliar treaments were evaluated for efficacy against alfalfa weevil and pea aphids on 15 June. Plots were 24 by 24 ft with four replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Treatments were applied 13 June with a hand-operated CO2 sprayer operating at 40 lb/in2. Sprays were applied to alfalfa in early bud stage at the rate of 50 gal/acre. Counts were made with a standard 15-in. sweep net using 5, 180 sweeps per plot.
Alfalfa, Potato Leafhopper Control, 1983
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied 5 Aug., using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a boom length of 20 ft at 32.5 gal of water per acre and 40 lb/in2 ; plant height averaged 7 in. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design on plots measuring 38 by 42 ft. Sampling consisted of one 10-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-in. diam. sweep-net swung in a 180° arc. Samples were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment. Total accumulative precipitation was 0, 0.27, 0.67, and 1.70 in. for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days posttreatment, respectively.
Miticide Efficacy Test, 1983
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on a furrow irrigated corn field at the Garden City Exp. St. in Finney County, Kans. Eighteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Each plot was 3 m wide (four rows) and 15 m long surrounded by a 3 m-wide border of untreated corn. Chemical treatments were applied on 6 Aug. with a high clearance sprayer using a 3 m boom with three nozzles directed at each row (one nozzle directly over the row and two suspended on 46 cm drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gal of water/acre with 30 lb/in2 of CO2 pressure. About a week before treating the plots, four plants were selected from the center two rows of each plot and flagged. Two of these plants were innoculated with Banks grass mites and two of the plants were innoculated with twospotted spider mites in an effort to augment the natural population of Banks grass mites and establish twospotted mites in the plots. Counts were made by visually searching the leaves on one side of each of these marked plants for adult female mites. Percent twospotted spider mites was established by randomly collecting approximately five mites, using an aspirator from every other leaf of the two plants innoculated with twospotted mites and then mounting 20 adult mites per plot for microscopic examination.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Pless C.D. , Shamiyeh N.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve foliar insecticide treatments were evaluated for first brood European corn borer control. Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on 2 May. Plots were 30 ft by 4 rows (38-in. spacing) with four replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. Plant population was 50 plants per 30 row ft. Insecticides were applied on 28 June when 34% of the plants were infested with an average of 1.7 larvae per plant. Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed using 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Only infested plants were used to evaluate larval survival on 29 Jun. and 1 Jul. Damaged whorls were counted on 7 and 19 Jul. Stalk feeding counts (average number of tunnels/stalk) were made on 20 Jul. Yields were determined on 18 Oct. Soil type was Nolichucky loam with a pH of 6.3.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Witkowski J.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and nonregistered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to irrigated corn plots in Madison County, Neb. on 5 July. Granular insecticides were applied with a specially modified Hahn Hi-boy. Liquid insecticides were applied in 16 gal of water/acre at 2 mph at 20 lb/in2 with a specially modified back pack sprayer. Each single row plot was 100 ft. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. In mid-Aug., 10 plants in each plot were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Witkowski J. F. , Barber D. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied through two electric center-pivot irrigation systems for control of first generation European corn borer larvae in field corn. Insecticides were injected into the irrigation water by a PULSA feeder MICROFLO 680 diaphram metering pump. Water volume was ca 0.30 in. The oil tank mixed with three of the treatments was SUNOCO UN. Experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications and plot size was ca 10 acres. In early Aug., 10 plants at 5 different locations within each replicate were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded. Yields were determined by hand harvesting 0.001/acre strips at six different locations within each replicate.
Control of Carmine Spider Mite on Cotton, 1983
Authors: Tuttle D.M. , Mullis C.H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Varous newer chemical compounds were evaluatd for the control of the carmine spider mite on cotton at the Yuma Experiment Station in 1983. Plots consisted of 25 ft of row replicated four times. Treatments made on 23 Aug. were applied with a 2-liter CO2 pressurized sprayer unit using 20 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 . Evaluations were made from 80 leaf samples per treatment (20 per plot) taken at random and examined in the laboratory with a SteroZoom microscope 3, 6, and 14 days following treatment. In all cases treatments appeared to be more efficient after 3 and 6 days with an increase at 14 days. this reflects limited residual action, partial ovicidal effectiveness, and the resurgence fo mites not killed. The most effective treatment was MK-936 at the higher rate (0.02 lb (AI)/acre). FMC54800 and UC81341 treatments provided satisfactory control. The standard. Comite, and FMC Spray Oil were not as effective as other treatments after 14 days but both of these were at a low rate. At this time of year Comite should be used at 2 pt/acre and the Spray Oil at 1% or higher. Coverage is another problem in controlling mites in that they inhabit the undersides of leaves. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1983
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice was planted in Cowley silt loam at the Rice Res. and Ext. Cent., Stuttgart, AR. Plots for the CN 11-3877 10G preflood test were 5 by 15 ft. All other plots were 5 ft dia cm and enclosed by aluminum flashing to prevent water movement. Each test was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications and flooded 16 June. All the nongranular treatments were applied with an air powered single nozzle sprayer at rate of 58 gal/acre. Those applied with oil were mixed in Agridex with 0.2% Ortho X-77. Granular insecticides were applied by hand shaker. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae 7 and 8 July by taking five soil cores (9 cm dia by 7 cm deep) from the drill rows of each plot; they were processed by washing through a#40 US Standard testing sieve and floating the larvae out in brine.
Sugarcane Borer Control in Sweet Sorghum, Small Plot Insecticide Screening Test, 1983
Authors: Flynn J. L. , Ali A. D. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A portion of a field of sweet sorghum (VAR. WRAY) located on Ladd and Melancon Farms in Henderson, La., was divided into plots each containing three rows spaced 6 ft apart by 24.2 ft (0.01 acre). Insecticide treatments for control of SCB was assigned to plots according to a completely randomized design with four replicates. Each spray concentrate was applied to the sorghum plant canopy in water at 30 lb/in2 with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 30 gal finished formulation per acre. A single application of insecticide was made on 29 Aug. at which time plant seed heads were mature. Immediately before application, infestation data were collected within the test plots by careful dissection of randomly selected plants. These counts revealed an average of 2.42 SCB larvae per plant, of which only ca. 20% had bored into stalks. One week postapplication, 12 plants selected at random from the center row of each plot were examined for the presence of live and dead SCB larvae.
Control of Small, Medium, and Large Soybean Loopers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Deighan J. , Backman C. B. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on soybeans planted in Cahaba sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn Univ., Tallassee, Ala. Five treatments and an untreated check were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.012 acre plot was four rows wide (40-in. row spacing) and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied on 8 Sep. with a high clearance boom sprayer equipped with three TX6 hollow-cone nozzles per row operating at 50 lb/in2 and delivering 9 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Larvae were identified and assigned a classification of small (instars 1 to 2), medium (instars 3 to 4), or large (instars 5 +); they were then counted and recorded. Three samples from each plot were taken 1, 4, and 7 days postspray 9, 12, and 15 Sep. At 1 day postspray, both Lorsban (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) and a tank mixture of Lorsban (0.5 lb) and Ambush (0.05 lb) effectively reduced numbers of small and medium soybean loopers. On the second sampling date (4 days postspray), the Lorsban-Ambush mixture plots and the plots treated with Orthene (0.75 lb) had fewer large soybean loopers than the untreated check. By 7 days postspray, the only treatment effective in reducing numbers of small soybean loopers was the Lorsban-Ambush mixture. The Lorsban-Ambush mixture. Scout (0.015 lb), and Lorsban (1.0 lb) all effectively reduced numbers of medium loopers, but no significant differences were detected among treatments on large loopers. Overall, the Lorsban (0.5 lb) and Ambush (0.05 lb) mixture was the most effective treatment against soybean loopers.
Foliar-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybean, 1983
Authors: Yanes Jaime , Boethel David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on ‘Davis’ soybean near St. Gabriel, Iberville Parish, La. plots, each measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (36-in. row spacing) were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Two rows were used as a buffer zone between blocks. The plots were treated on 27 Sep. when the plants were at the R6 growth stage. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with Teejet 8002 nozzles. At 30 lb/in , the sprayer delivered 15.5 gal of finished formulation/acre. Treatments were evaluated at 2, 5, 7, and 15 days posttreatment by comparing the number of threecornered alfalfa hoppers (TCAH), velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), southern green stinkbug (SGS), and banded cucumber beetles (BCB) caught in a 38 cm diameter sweep net utilizing 50 sweeps per plot. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.