bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UAE Foundations in perspective: who is using them and for what purpose/s?
Authors: Mrazek Yann 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) successfully introduced three foundation regimes providing a local solution to wealth management and preservation, family succession planning, corporate structuring, and asset protection. Seventy per cent of the foundations incorporated were aimed at restructuring real estate assets. The purpose of this article is to study the recent statistics of UAE foundations and their target classes of assets; discuss the compatibility between UAE foundations and real estate located in the UAE and abroad; as well as comment on the registration process of Dubai real estate and the impact on the change of beneficiaries and controllers of foundations holding real estate.
The Emerging Role of PP2C Phosphatases in Tomato Immunity
Authors: Sobol Guy , Chakraborty Joydeep , Martin Gregory B. , Sessa Guido 
Published: June 2022

The antagonistic effect of plant immunity on growth likely drove evolution of molecular mechanisms that prevent accidental initiation and prolonged activation of plant immune responses. Signaling networks of pattern-triggered and effector-triggered immunity, the two main layers of plant immunity, are tightly regulated by the activity of protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate their protein substrates and reverse the action of protein kinases. Members of the PP2C class of protein phosphatases have emerged as key negative regulators of plant immunity, primarily from research in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing the potential to employ PP2C proteins to enhance plant disease resistance. As a first step towards focusing on the PP2C family for both basic and translational research, we analyzed the tomato genome sequence to ascertain the complement of the tomato PP2C family, identify conserved protein domains and signals in PP2C amino acid sequences, and examine domain combinations in individual proteins. We then identified tomato PP2Cs that are candidate regulators of single or multiple layers of the immune signaling network by in-depth analysis of publicly available RNA-seq datasets. These included expression profiles of plants treated with fungal or bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, with pathogenic, nonpathogenic, and disarmed bacteria, as well as pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Finally, we discuss the possible use of immunity-associated PP2Cs to better understand the signaling networks of plant immunity and to engineer durable and broad disease resistance in crop plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
2000-2019: Twenty Years of Highly Influential Publications in Molecular Plant Immunity
Authors: Petre Benjamin , Louet Clémentine , Lintz Julie , Duplessis Sébastien 
Published: June 2022

Molecular plant immunity is a dynamic research field that broadly addresses how plants interact with their associated organisms and defend themselves against pests and pathogens. Here, we aimed at providing readers with a snapshot of influential molecular plant immunity research by identifying and analyzing 170 highly influential publications in molecular plant immunity (hereafter called HIPPYs) published in this field between 2000 and 2019. Our analysis draws a broad analytical knowledge of influential scientific advances in the field as well as of the research community that made them. We notably show that HIPPYs are shared by a small, structured, and connected research community. The HIPPYs address coherent research questions using a handful of key model objects (i.e., organisms or molecules) and report findings and concepts that contribute to our integrated understanding of the molecular interactions between plants and their associated organisms. Our ‘HIP in’ (‘highly influential publication in’ ...) method is easily transposable to other large research areas and may help early career researchers to gain a broader knowledge of their field of interest. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
LncRNA 122049 suppresses apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in ischemic AKI by targeting the miR‐330‐5p/ELK1 axis
Authors: Xiao Ying , Li Xiaozhou , Qiu Shuangfa , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Dongshan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have reported that long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) were associated with the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the role and regulation mechanism of lncRNA122049 in ischemic AKI remains unknown. In the present study, we found that lncRNA 122049 protected against the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced apoptosis in BUMPT cells. Mechanistically, the lncRNA 122049 directly sponged miR‐330‐5p, then increased the expression of ELK1(ETS transcription factor ELK1) to decrease renal cell apoptosis. In addition, miR‐330‐5p inhibitor completely reversed the pro‐apoptotic effect of LncRNA 122049 siRNA on I/R‐induced BUMPT cells apoptosis. Finally, overexpression of lncRNA 122049 attenuated ischemic mice AKI via targeting of the miR‐330‐5p/ELK1 axis. Collectively, the data demonstrated that LncRNA 122049 prevented the I/R‐induced renal cell apoptosis via regulation of the miR‐330‐5p/ELK1 axis, which brings new insights into the pathogenesis and potential targeted treatment of ischemic AKI.
Venous Thromboembolic Events are Exceedingly Rare in Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Rudic Theodore N. , Moran Thomas E. , Kamalapathy Pramod N. , Werner Brian C. , Bachmann Keith R. 
Published: June 2022

Study Design:
Review of health care record database and determination of population statistics.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to quantify the incidence of clinically significant venous thromboembolic (VTE) events in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and to identify risk factors for VTE.

Summary of Background Data:
VTE is a serious complication that can cause disability and even death following surgery. Incidence of VTE following AIS surgery has not been well studied; the use of a national database allows the assessment of rare, yet important complications.

Materials and Methods:
The PearlDiver Database was used to identify AIS patients who underwent primary instrumented spinal fusion between 2010 and 2020. Patient records were cross-referenced for documented VTEs within 30 and 90 postoperative days. Patients with nonidiopathic scoliosis were excluded. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for correlation with VTE events.

Results:
Thirty-eight of 11,775 (0.323%) patients undergoing surgery for AIS developed a VTE complication within 90 postoperative days. Hypercoagulability [odds ratio (OR)=13.50, P<0.0001], spinal fusion involving 13+ vertebral levels (OR=2.61, P<0.0001), obesity (OR=1.30, P<0.005), and older (15–18 y) compared with younger adolescence (10–14 y) (OR=2.12, P<0.0001) were associated with VTE. Seven of 38 (18.4%) patients with a diagnosed thrombophilia experienced VTE.

Conclusions:
The incidence of clinically significant VTEs in pediatric patients following spinal fusion surgery for AIS is low with an incidence of 0.323%. Postoperative chemoprophylaxis in the general pediatric population is not indicated. Patients with obesity, those undergoing spinal fusion of 13 or more vertebrae, and adolescents 15–18 years old were found to have higher but still small risk of VTE following surgery. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the risk profile of patients with hypercoagulability and establish clinical guidelines for use of postoperative chemoprophylaxis in this cohort.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Safety, Efficiency, and Efficacy of Protocolized Contrast-Enhanced Imaging in Acute Stroke Evaluation
Authors: Lee Nathanael J. , Rincon Fred , Dharia Robin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Purpose:
Computed tomography angiography and perfusion studies have increasingly become a part of acute stroke evaluation. However, the volume, benefit, and scope of need for imaging is sometimes debated.

Purpose:
This study evaluated the safety, efficiency, and efficacy of changes to the acute stroke evaluation protocol at our academic institution. Previously, contrast-enhanced imaging was “opt-in” and ordered upon suspicion of large vessel occlusion. This was subsequently transitioned to one where contrast-enhanced imaging was automatically ordered for all patients with “opt-out” of imaging if felt appropriate.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective, case–control study that included patients evaluated for acute stroke management before and after the protocol change. Six hundred forty-seven patients met criteria for study involvement, of which 258 were in the preprotocol and 389 in the postprotocol group.

Results:
There was no significant difference in rate of acute kidney injury and no delay in door-to-needle time. There was significant improvement in door-to-groin puncture times (49.9 minutes) for typical cases and increase in monthly rate of endovascular therapy (EVT).

Conclusion:
Protocolization of contrast-enhanced imaging for acute stroke evaluation proved safe with respect to renal function, did not delay door-to-needle time, improved door-to-groin puncture time, and lead to higher rates of EVT.
Pediatric Liver Transplant Survival in Alagille Syndrome Is Comparable to Biliary Atresia—A Linked Database Analysis
Authors: Black Katherine , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Thurm Cary , Hall Matt , Hafberg Einar , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. , Godown Justin , Gillis Lynette A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
This study aims to report liver transplantation (LT) outcomes and cardiac disease manifestations in children with Alagille Syndrome (ALGS) in a contemporary cohort.

Methods:
This project used a novel linkage between the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and Pediatric Health Information System databases. All children ≤21 years undergoing a first LT were identified (2002–2018). The presence of ALGS was identified using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients diagnosis coding. Subjects with ALGS were age-matched 1:2 to LT recipients with biliary atresia (BA). The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare patient and graft survival between groups.

Results:
A total of 156 LT recipients with ALGS were identified and matched to a control group of 312 LT recipients with BA. Children with ALGS were more likely to have an associated diagnosis of congenital heart disease (80.7% vs 16.4%; P = 0.001) compared with children with BA with 40 (25.6%) children with AGS requiring cardiac intervention (catheter or surgical) either before or after LT. Those patients with ALGS had a higher creatinine, laboratory MELD, and PELD scores before LT. No difference was observed regarding patient or graft survival between children with ALGS and children with BA (P = 0.08 and P = 0.27, respectively).

Conclusions:
Despite increased rate of congenital heart defects and cardiac interventions, higher creatinine, and higher laboratory MELD/PELD scores at time of transplant, this study demonstrates that there is no difference in either patient or graft survival between patients with ALGS and BA.
Akathisia Among Patients Undergoing Antipsychotic Therapy: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Psychiatric Impact
Authors: Jouini Lamia , Ouali Uta , Ouanes Sami , Djebara Mouna Ben , Nacef Fethi , Gouider Riadh 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
The prevalence of akathisia is variably reported in the literature and its psychiatric impact is little studied. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence, the associated factors, and the psychiatric impact of akathisia among patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Department of Psychiatry A, at Razi Hospital, in Tunis. It included patients with psychosis, undergoing antipsychotic treatment, from June 2016 to February 2017. Akathisia was diagnosed according to the Barnes Akathisia Scale.

Results
The prevalence of akathisia was 19.5% (n = 24, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, n = 20; bipolar disorder, n = 4). The delay between the diagnosis of the disease and the onset of akathisia was 7.1 ± 8.8 years. Among the sample of patients with akathisia, 20/24 were on monotherapy of which 14 on conventional antipsychotics and six on atypical antipsychotics. Patients with akathisia were on atypical (8/24), low-potency conventional (4/24), or high-potency conventional (17/24) antipsychotics. The average dose of antipsychotics in chlorpromazine equivalent was 2294.5 ± 3037.7 mg. After adjusting for confounders, the only factor significantly positively associated with the diagnosis of akathisia was the dose of antipsychotics prescribed (P = 0.01). The following psychiatric manifestations were reported by patients with akathisia: dysphoria/irritability (16/23), anxiety (18/24), sadness (15/24), suicidal thoughts (11/24), heteroaggressivity (8/23), sleep disturbances (16/24), and suicidal attempts (9/24).

Conclusions
Despite the high psychiatric and social burden of akathisia, it remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated, because in part of its subjective component.
The Pharmacotherapeutic Landscape for Essential Tremor: Quantifying the Level of Unmet Need From a Patient and Epidemiologic Perspective
Authors: Louis Elan D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological diseases. Despite this high prevalence, treatment options remain limited. Recent advances in mechanistic research have led to renewed interest in developing newer pharmacotherapeutic agents. Although this is promising, there remains surprisingly little knowledge of the magnitude of the vast ET patient population who would benefit from and/or engage with such agents. This is because the vast bulk of ET patients in the population has milder tremor and does not seek medical care for their tremor. How many of these would be interested in taking a new agent? Hence, the level of unmet need, from the patient perspective and from a public health perspective, is totally unclear. In this article, the author systematically reviews peer-reviewed data on several pertinent questions that relate to this unmet need. The questions are as follows: (1) What proportion of the population of ET cases sees a health care provider for their tremor? (2) What proportion of the ET population has a tremor that is severe enough for them to want to take a medication for their tremor? (3) How do other factors such as age, sex, education, health literacy, and locale affect the receptivity to treatment in ET? (4) What is the patient use of the current ET medications? (5) Is the unmet need greater in some groups of ET cases than others? For each of these questions, available data are carefully reviewed and analyzed, and gaps in knowledge identified for further investigation.
scPrisma: inference, filtering and enhancement of periodic signals in single-cell data using spectral template matching
Authors: Karin Jonathan , Bornfeld Yonathan , Nitzan Mor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-sequencing has been instrumental in uncovering cellular spatiotemporal context. This task is however challenging due to technical and biological noise, and as the cells simultaneously encode multiple, potentially cross-interfering, biological signals. Here we propose scPrisma, a spectral computational framework that utilizes topological priors to decouple, enhance, and filter different classes of biological processes in single-cell data, such as periodic and linear signals. We demonstrate scPrisma’s use across diverse biological systems and tasks, including analysis and manipulation of the cell cycle in HeLa cells, circadian rhythm and spatial zonation in liver lobules, diurnal cycle in Chlamydomonas, and circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain. We further show how scPrisma can be used to distinguish mixed cellular populations by specific characteristics such as cell type, and uncover regulatory networks and cell-cell interactions specific to predefined biological signals, such as the circadian rhythm. We show scPrisma’s flexibility in utilizing diverse prior knowledge, and inference of topologically-informative genes. scPrisma can be used both as a stand-alone workflow for signal analysis, and, as it does not embed the data to lower dimensions, as a prior step for downstream single-cell analysis.
The Gossypium herbaceum L. Wagad genome as a resource for understanding cotton domestication
Authors: Ramaraj Thiruvarangan , Grover Corrinne E. , Mendoza Azalea C. , Arick Mark A. , Jareczek Josef J. , Leach Alexis G. , Peterson Daniel G. , Wendel Jonathan F. , Udall Joshua A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGossypium herbaceum is a species of cotton native to Africa and Asia that is one of the two domesticated diploids. Together with its sister-species G. arboreum, these A-genome taxa represent models of the extinct A-genome donor of modern polyploid cotton, which provide about 95% of cotton grown worldwide. As part of a larger effort to characterize variation and improve resources among diverse diploid and polyploid cotton genomes, we sequenced and assembled the genome of G. herbaceum cultivar (cv) Wagad, representing the first domesticated accession for this species. This chromosome-level genome was generated using a combination of PacBio long-read technology, HiC, and Bionano optical mapping and compared to existing genome sequences in cotton. We compare the genome of this cultivar to the existing genome of wild G. herbaceum subspecies africanum to elucidate changes in the G. herbaceum genome concomitant with domestication, and extend these analyses to gene expression using available RNA-seq. Our results demonstrate the utility of the G. herbaceum cv Wagad genome in understanding domestication in the diploid species, which could inform modern breeding programs.
Regulation of pDC Fate Determination by Histone Deacetylase 3
Authors: Zhang Yijun , He Zhimin , Lai Wenlong , Shen Xiangyi , Wu Tao , Lv Jiaoyan , Wu Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs), the key antigen-presenting cells, are primary regulators of immune responses. Transcriptional regulation of DC development had been one of the major research interests in DC biology, however, the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms during DC development remains unclear. Here, we report that Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3), an important epigenetic regulator, is highly expressed in pDCs, and its deficiency profoundly impaired the development of pDCs. Significant disturbance of homeostasis of hematopoietic progenitors was also observed in HDAC3-deficient mice, manifested by altered cell numbers of these progenitors and defective differentiation potentials for pDCs. Using the in vitro Flt3L supplemented DC culture system, we further demonstrated that HDAC3 was required for the differentiation of pDCs from progenitors at all developmental stages. Mechanistically, HDAC3 deficiency resulted in enhanced expression of cDC1-associated genes, owing to markedly elevated H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at these gene sites in BM pDCs. In contrast, the expression of pDC-associated genes was significantly downregulated, leading to defective pDC differentiation.SummaryThis work reveals for the first time that HDAC3 is required for the development of pDCs and maintenance of homeostasis of hematopoietic progenitors with DC differentiation potential. Mechanistically, HDAC3 promotes pDC development by repressing the expression of cDC1 associated genes in a deacetylase dependent manner.
Predicting environmental and ecological drivers of human population structure
Authors: Pless Evlyn , Eckburg Anders M. , Henn Brenna M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLandscape, climate, and culture can all structure human populations, but few methods are designed to disentangle the importance of these many variables. We developed a machine learning method for identifying the variables which best explain migration rates, as measured by the coalescent-based program MAPS that uses shared identical by descent tracts to infer and extrapolate spatial migration across a region of interest. We applied our method to 30 human populations in eastern Africa with high density SNP array data. The remarkable diversity of ethnicities, languages, and environments in this region offers a unique opportunity to explore the variables that shape migration and genetic structure in humans. We explored more than twenty spatial variables relating to landscape, climate, and presence of tsetse flies (an important regional disease vector). The full model explained ~40% of variance in migration rate over the past 56 generations. Precipitation, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and altitude were the most important variables. Among the three groups of tsetse flies, the most important was thefuscagroup which is a vector for livestock trypanosomiasis. We also performed a selection scan on a subgroup of the populations who live in Ethiopia at relatively high altitudes. We did not identify well-known high-altitude genes, but we did find signatures of positive selection related to metabolism and disease. We conclude that environment has notably shaped the migration and adaptation of human populations in eastern Africa; the remaining variance in structure is likely due to cultural factors not captured in our model.
Regulated extracellular matrix trafficking shapes cell growth during cartilage morphogenesis
Authors: Levic Daniel S. , Unlu Gokhan , Melville David B. , Knapik Ela W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCraniofacial malformations are present in more than one third of all congenital syndromes, but the pathogenesis of skeletal dysmorphology is poorly understood. Here, using an unbiased forward genetics approach in zebrafish, we identified a mutation inerc1bthat leads to craniofacial defects, including micrognathia and hypertelorism caused by impaired cartilage and bone growth. To date,ERC1has not been considered a candidate gene for craniofacial syndromes. Using livein vivoimaging, genetic depletion and replacement experiments, and transgenic approaches, we interrogatederc1bfunction. We found that Erc1b regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) trafficking required for the highly conserved “stack of coins” organization of chondrocytes in cartilage that is essential for skeletal growth and integrity. Erc1b functions cellautonomously at the chondrocyte cell cortex to regulate traffic of ECM and plasma membrane expansion in a microtubule dependent manner during isometric cell growth. Disruption of Erc1-Rab8-Kinesin-1 axis leads to failure of cartilage maturation, endochondral bone formation and ultimately chondrocyte cell death. Our study identifies Erc1b as a candidate genetic factor for craniofacial syndromes.