bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of micronized bamboo powder on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, cecal chyme microflora and metabolism of broilers aged 1–22 days
Authors: Dai Fawen , Lin Tao , Cheng Lumin , Wang Jian , Zuo Jianjun , Feng Dingyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdding insoluble fiber to diet of broilers has been reported to improve intestinal health and promote growth performance. Bamboo powder is a cheap raw material with rich insoluble fiber. This study aims to explore the effects of feeding micronized bamboo powder (MBP) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, intestinal microflora, and metabolism of broilers. A total of 1440 1-day-old slow-growing Ephedra chickens were randomly divided into three groups considering gender and body weight: (1) Group D: feeding with basal diet without antibiotics; (2) Group E: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 5% rice bran (RB); (3) Group F: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 1% MBP. Each group involved 8 replicates feeding for 22 days, with 60 chickens per replicate. Various indexes were detected. For the growth performance, the weight gain and feed consumption ratio (G: F) of Group F supplemented with MBP is 0.57 ± 0.04, which is significantly higher than that of E group supplemented with RB (0.52 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). For the serum biochemical indexes, the glutathione peroxidase activity in Group F is significantly higher than that of Group D, while the malondialdehyde content is significantly lower than that of Group D and Group E (P < 0.05 for all). The fresh cecal chyme is taken for determination. In Group F, the α diversity index Faith_pd is significantly lower in Group F than that of Group D. The microorganism species in cecal chyme of Group F and Group E are also different. The metabolic pathways of Group F, mainly in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and intestinal immune IgA production, were different from those of Group D and Group E. Adding 1% MBP to broiler diet can enhance the anti-oxidant capacity, improve chyme microflora, regulate the metabolism pathways responsible for intestinal fatty acids, amino acids, and immunity.
An efficient hybrid method for 3D to 2D medical image registration
Authors: Saadat Shabnam , Perriman Diana , Scarvell Jennie M. , Smith Paul N. , Galvin Catherine R. , Lynch Joseph , Pickering Mark R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a method for registration of 3D computed tomography to 2D single-plane fluoroscopy knee images to provide 3D motion information for knee joints. This 3D kinematic information has unique utility for examining joint kinematics in conditions such as ligament injury, osteoarthritis and after joint replacement.

Methods
We proposed a non-invasive rigid body image registration method which is based on two different multimodal similarity measures. This hybrid registration method helps to achieve a trade-off among different challenges including, time complexity and accuracy.

Results
We performed a number of experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method is as accurate as one of the most recent registration methods while it is several times faster than that method.

Conclusion
The proposed method is a non-invasive, fast and accurate registration method, which can provide 3D information for knee joint kinematic measurements. This information can be very helpful in improving the accuracy of diagnosis and providing targeted treatment.
Workforce planning in production with flexible or budgeted employee training and volatile demand
Authors: Heuser Patricia , Letmathe Peter , Schinner Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCompanies have to adapt their product portfolio to rapidly changing markets and high demand volatility. As a result, they need to invest in workforce learning and training measures to gain flexibility. Especially during ramp-up phases employees have to adjust their skill set to new production requirements. While traditional employee training models focus on a condensed period of training at the beginning of a production ramp-up, we aim to shed light on the effectiveness of more flexible concepts of training with a general availability of training measures during a product’s life cycle. We budget training in two dimensions, (1) training capacity per period and (2) periods that do not allow training. To analyze the impact of different training scenarios, a multi-period workforce scheduling problem with workers who learn through learning-by-doing and training is considered. The model further incorporates forgetting. We distinguish a flexible and a budgeted training environment. In the budgeted setting, training measures are only available in the first periods of a production ramp-up to a limited extent. Data from a computational study with 600 scenarios and near-optimal solutions are analyzed statistically to derive insights into an employee’s skill development. Overall, we investigate different training strategies under demand volatility and capacity scenarios and analyze the specific outcomes in order to provide managerial implications. Our results indicate that traditional budgeting of training measures has a negative effect on employee learning. The negative impact of budgeting is stronger when production capacity is scarce and demand cannot be fully satisfied.
Plant taxonomic species and their role in the workflow of integrative species delimitation
Authors: Mayo Simon Joseph 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe species of classical taxonomy are examined with a view to their future role in integrative taxonomy. Taxonomic species are presented as the products of a cyclic workflow between taxonomists and biologists in general, and as the essential means to express the results of evolutionary biological research in a cognitive form which can be widely understood outside the systematics research community. In the first part, the procedures underlying the formation and structure of classical species taxon concepts are analysed and discussed, and this involves some passing reference to mental concepts as understood by cognitive psychologists. The second part considers the need for methodological advances in classical taxonomy in the form of computational modelling. It is argued that in order to accomplish this, species taxon concepts will need to be expressed as computable matrices in parallel to their conventional form, expanding their role in integrative taxonomy, facilitating the feedback from evolutionary biological research and potentially accelerating the update and modification of their delimitation as knowledge increases. The third part treats another, more immediate methodological issue: some kinds of data already produced by taxonomic revisions could be provided as standard online outputs but are not yet part of the canonical published format. The final part consists of a discussion of the gradually emerging global online framework of taxonomic species and its importance as a general reference system. A glossary of terms is provided.
Existence of solutions for singular double phase problems via the Nehari manifold method
Authors: Liu Wulong , Dai Guowei , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Winkert Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study quasilinear elliptic equations driven by the double phase operator and a right-hand side which has the combined effect of a singular and of a parametric term. Based on the fibering method by using the Nehari manifold we are going to prove the existence of at least two weak solutions for such problems when the parameter is sufficiently small.
Electroanalytical determination of Al(III) ion in petroleum water samples using symmetric 1,3-diamine-based Schiff base as a carrier
Authors: Ali Tamer Awad , El-Henawy Samy B. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe capacity of a synthetic (N1E,N3E)-N1,N3-bis(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)benzene-1,3-diamine Schiff base ligand to operate as a cation carrier in a poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) membrane (electrode I) and screen-printed ion-selective electrode (SPE) (electrode II) was investigated. The screen-printed and the fabricated poly(vinylchloride) membrane (PVC) electrodes displayed outstanding response properties for Al(III) ions. The electrodes had linear potential response with a slope of 17.95 ± 0.14 and 19.80 ± 0.46 mV decade−1in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−1and 1.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1for electrode I and electrode II, respectively. The detection limit of the proposed sensors is 2.1 × 10−6and 6.3 × 10−8 mol L−1, and it can be used over a period of 35 and 190 days for electrode I and electrode II, respectively. The suggested sensors showed strong selectivity against a wide range of other cations, including alkali, alkaline earth, heavy, and transition metals, and could be employed in pH ranges of 3.0–6.0 and 2.5–6.5 for electrode I and electrode II, respectively. The effect of several plasticizers has been studied. These electrodes had been successfully used to determine Al(III) in aqueous solution and various real water samples. They used as an indicator electrodes in aluminum ion potentiometric titration against standard EDTA solution. The devised approach was used to determine the concentration of Al(III) in several real water samples with high percentage recoveries and low standard and relative standard deviation values. The results were in good agreement with those obtained using atomic absorption spectrometry as indicated from the calculatedt- andF-test values.
Local finiteness and automorphism groups of low complexity subshifts
Authors: PAVLOV RONNIE , SCHMIEDING SCOTT 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove that for any transitive subshift X with word complexity function
$c_n(X)$
, if
$\liminf ({\log (c_n(X)/n)}/({\log \log \log n})) = 0$
, then the quotient group
${{\mathrm {Aut}(X,\sigma )}/{\langle \sigma \rangle }}$
of the automorphism group of X by the subgroup generated by the shift
$\sigma $
is locally finite. We prove that significantly weaker upper bounds on
$c_n(X)$
imply the same conclusion if the gap conjecture from geometric group theory is true. Our proofs rely on a general upper bound for the number of automorphisms of X of range n in terms of word complexity, which may be of independent interest. As an application, we are also able to prove that for any subshift X, if
${c_n(X)}/{n^2 (\log n)^{-1}} \rightarrow 0$
, then
$\mathrm {Aut}(X,\sigma )$
is amenable, improving a result of Cyr and Kra. In the opposite direction, we show that for any countable infinite locally finite group G and any unbounded increasing
$f: \mathbb {N} \rightarrow \mathbb {N}$
, there exists a minimal subshift X with
${{\mathrm {Aut}(X,\sigma )}/{\langle \sigma \rangle }}$
isomorphic to G and
${c_n(X)}/{nf(n)} \rightarrow 0$
.
Influence of breed and parasite challenge on the immune response to naturally acquired intestinal nematode infection in sheep
Authors: Albuquerque A.C.A. , Almeida F.A. , Bassetto C.C. , Lins J.G.G. , Amarante A.F.T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Natural infection by intestinal nematodes was assessed in Santa Ines and Ile de France sheep breeds, over a five-month grazing period, with emphasis on the development of the immune response in lambs under two anthelmintic treatment regimens. Nineteen Santa Ines and 19 Ile de France male lambs were allocated into two treatment groups: animals under suppressive treatment with anthelmintics; and animals under targeted selective treatment (TST). The nematodes Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Strongyloides papillosus showed the highest infection intensity in the TST animals in both breeds. Parasite-specific immunoglobulin G levels were significantly higher and more rapidly induced in Santa Ines lambs. Additionally, these lambs had higher levels of parasite-specific immunoglobulin A in intestinal mucus. Animals under TST had higher means of mast cells and globule leukocytes in the intestinal mucosa due to longer and greater parasite challenge in comparison with the suppressive group. A breed effect (P < 0.05) was recorded for mast cells, with Santa Ines lambs presenting the highest counts. Although Santa Ines lambs had lower intestinal nematode counts than Ile de France lambs, they had shown a large variation in T. colubriformis burden, with most of them presenting a marked worm burden, despite showing an earlier and more intense immune response to intestinal nematode infection.
Development of a spherical parallel manipulator for brain surgery applications: preliminary study on the dynamic analysis and verification
Authors: Güzin Didem , Gezgin Erkin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on development, task planning, and dynamic analysis of a previously proposed spherical parallel robot manipulator that is conceptually enhanced to adapt various brain surgery scenarios. Conceptual design of the proposed manipulator was briefly introduced and explained. In order to simulate one of the possible surgery scenarios, a case study of craniotomy was designed along with its trajectory planning. Dynamic analysis of proposed manipulator was performed by Lagrange method, and required actuator torque values were calculated for the desired trajectory. At the end of the study, hardware verification was carried out on the manufactured prototype of the system by comparing both calculated/acquired torque values and desired/actual trajectories. Promising verification results in terms of system dynamics and trajectory execution were introduced.
A Prefatory Study on the Effects of Alcohol on Ship Manoeuvring, Navigational and Decision-Making Abilities of Navigators
Authors: Gug Seung-Gi , Yun June-Ho , Harshapriya Dimantha , Han Jae-Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdverse effects of intoxicated driving have been well documented over the years, with clear conclusions. In addition, it is evident that the cognitive and neurological functions and reaction times deteriorate with the consumption of alcohol. Addressing the lack of literature on the subject, this paper focuses on studying the effects of alcohol on manoeuvring, navigational and decision-making ability in ship navigation. Ten participants – five cadets and five experienced navigation officers – volunteered and carried out a standard manoeuvre using a computer-controlled vessel simulator, under three different blood alcohol concentrations (0⋅00%, 0⋅05% and 0⋅08% BAC). Results from the simulations were used to assess the performance and the decision-making ability of participants under the influence of alcohol. In addition, the responses and behaviour of the simulated vessel when the navigators were intoxicated were analysed. Workload experienced by participants during the simulations were also assessed using the NASA Task Load Index. Findings of this preliminary study proved that the ability to make the correct decisions at the right time was drastically deteriorated when the blood alcohol concentration was increased.
Heterogeneity in longevity, redistribution, and pension reform
Authors: Díaz-Saavedra Julián 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe gap in the life expectancy of the elderly across educational groups is high, and this will probably increase over the coming decades. In this article, we use a computable overlapping generations model economy to show that the long-term link between heterogeneity in longevity and education could translate into an implicit tax/subsidy on the expected lifetime benefits to lifetime payroll taxes ratio, with rates around 10%, and that such rates pervert redistributive objectives of pension systems. We then analyze some parametric changes aimed at restoring the progressiveness of these systems in the long run, and find that a higher minimum pension or changes in the pension benefit formula go a long way as tools to restore the system's long-term progressivity.
Control of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with sequential applications of dimethenamid-Pin dry edible bean
Authors: Miranda Joshua W.A. , Jhala Amit J. , Bradshaw Jeffrey , Lawrence Nevin C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiotypes of Palmer amaranth that are resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor are becoming widespread in western Nebraska. There are limited effective postemergence (POST) herbicides labeled for ALS-inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth control in dry edible bean. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dimethenamid-Pin a sequential preemergence (PRE) fb followed by (fb) POST program at two POST application timings, the first and third trifoliate stages (V1 and V3, respectively), for controlling ALS-inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth in dry edible bean. A field study was conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021 in Scottsbluff, NE. PRE-alone applications of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pprovided inconsistent Palmer amaranth control. Dimethenamid-Papplied POST following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pprovided effective (>90%) Palmer amaranth control at 4 wk after V3 only at the V1 application timing in 2019. In 2020 and 2021 dimethenamid-Papplied POST at V1 and V3 following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pprovided 99% and 98% Palmer amaranth control at 4 wk after V3, and 98% and 94% Palmer amaranth control at harvest, respectively. Palmer amaranth biomass was reduced by 95% to 99% and by 96% to 98% compared with the -nontreated control when dimethenamid-Pwas applied POST at V1 and V3, respectively, following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Pin 2020 and 2021. Application of a mixture of dimethenamid-Pwith imazamox + bentazon POST provided similar results to those of the fomesafen-containing treatments and dimethenamid-Palone POST. Dimethenamid-Papplied POST following a PRE application of pendimethalin + dimethenamid-Presulted in similar yield as the fomesafen-containing treatments. If fomesafen is not an option due to the crop rotation interval restriction, using dimethenamid-Pin a sequential PRE fb POST program is the only effective alternative to control ALS-inhibitor–resistant Palmer amaranth in Nebraska. The use of dimethenamid-Pin a sequential PRE fb POST program, alone or mixed with foliar-active herbicides should be considered by dry edible bean growers who are dealing with ALS-inhibitor-resistant Palmer amaranth.
Wave‐ and Tide‐Induced Infragravity Dynamics at an Intermediate‐To‐Dissipative Microtidal Beach
Authors: Melito Lorenzo , Parlagreco Luca , Devoti Saverio , Brocchini Maurizio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerical simulations of a range of wave climates and tide conditions made with the model XBeach are exploited to study propagation, evolution, dissipation, and reflection patterns of infragravity waves (IGW) at the intermediate‐to‐dissipative beach of Sabaudia (Tyrrhenian sea, Italy). On the basis of a novel calibration process performed using field swash properties collected by a nearby monitoring station, the model reproduces average run‐up characteristics with good skill (Willmott index of agreement of 0.61 for R2%). IGW at Sabaudia beach evolves exclusively as bound long waves growing across the shoaling region for both mild and intense wave climates. Furthermore, values of the dimensionless bed slope βH at which transition from steep‐to mild‐slope behavior occurs are higher than the threshold commonly assumed in the literature. Finally, although the small tide (0.4 m between mean high water spring and mean high water spring; tide range/breaking wave amplitude ratios between 0.14 and 1.1) does not alter bulk IGW reflection significantly, low tide is effective in reducing onshore IGW fluxes and, ultimately, reflection coefficients R2 selectively for intermediate IG frequencies. Our study, for the first time, gives clear evidence that the tide has a role in determining frequency‐dependent IGW dynamics and altering the dissipative state of a mild sloping beach also in a microtidal environment.
Global Ocean Response to the 5‐Day Rossby‐Haurwitz Atmospheric Mode Seen by GRACE
Authors: Ponte Rui M. , Schindelegger Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA dynamic response of the ocean to surface pressure loading by the well‐known 5‐day Rossby‐Haurwitz mode in the atmosphere has been inferred from limited in situ data, but a global characterization of such response, including details at mid and high latitudes, has been lacking. Here, we explore two products based on inversions of daily Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations to obtain a first quasi‐global look at the associated ocean bottom pressure (pb) signals at 5‐day period. The previously reported in‐phase behavior over the Atlantic basin, seesaw between the Atlantic and Pacific, and westward propagation in the Pacific are all seen in the GRACE‐based pb fields. Correlation analysis points to the Rossby‐Haurwitz surface pressure wave as the main forcing for the observed large‐scale pb anomalies. Other previously unknown features include relatively strong responses in the Southern Ocean and also some shallow coastal regions (e.g., North Sea, East Siberian shelf, and Patagonian shelf), with model experiments indicating they are mainly forced by winds. Inferences on energetics based on GRACE solutions and model results point to decay time scales shorter than the oscillation period, with substantial kinetic energy and dissipation located over a few topographic features in the Southern Ocean. Comparisons with in situ pb and Earth rotation data suggest that the satellite‐based pb estimates at 5‐day period are somewhat more realistic than those of the GRACE de‐aliasing products and comparable to another independent ocean model. Results illustrate the potential of space gravity measurements for examining large‐scale oceanic variability at subweekly periods.
Identification of Artificial Levees in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Knox R. L. , Morrison R. R. , Wohl E. E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArtificial levees are anthropogenic structures designed to hydrologically disconnect rivers from floodplains. The extent of artificial levees in the contiguous United States (CONUS) is unknown. To better estimate the distribution of artificial levees, we tested several different geomorphic, land cover, and spatial variables developed from the National Elevation Dataset, the National Land Cover database, and the National Hydrology Dataset HR Plus. We used known levee locations from the National Levee Database as training data. We tested machine learning and general logistic models’ ability to detect artificial levees in a 100‐year hydrogeomorphic floodplain of seven geographically diverse 8‐digit HUC basins. Random forest models outperformed other models in predicting the location of levees using variables representing geomorphic attributes, land cover, and distance from streams ranging in size between stream order one through six. To demonstrate the ability of our approach to detect unknown levees, we conducted a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation in the lower Mississippi Basin using approximately 1,100 artificial levees. This approach detected known levees constituting 94% of the total levee length in the basin. Scaling up to the CONUS, we applied a high performing (overall accuracy of 97%) random forest model using land cover and stream order variables. We detected 182,213 km of potential levees, mostly along streams of order 2–6 in the Mississippi and Missouri River Basins, indicating that the national levee database contains 20.4% of levee length. Potential levees and those documented in the national levee database modify 2% of the total length of streams in the contiguous United States.