bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolactin Action Is Necessary for Parental Behavior in Male Mice
Authors: Smiley Kristina O. , Brown Rosemary S.E. , Grattan David R. 
Published: September 2022

Parental care is critical for successful reproduction in mammals. Recent work has implicated the hormone prolactin in regulating male parental behavior, similar to its established role in females. Male laboratory mice show a mating-induced suppression of infanticide (normally observed in virgins) and onset of paternal behavior 2 weeks after mating. Using this model, we sought to investigate how prolactin acts in the forebrain to regulate paternal behavior. First, using c-fos immunoreactivity in prolactin receptor (Prlr)Prlr-IRES-Cre-tdtomato reporter mouse sires, we show that the circuitry activated during paternal interactions contains prolactin-responsive neurons in multiple sites, including the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdala. Next, we deletedPrlrfrom three prominent cell types found in these regions: glutamatergic, GABAergic, and CaMKIIα. Prlr deletion from CaMKIIα, but not glutamatergic or GABAergic cells, had a profound effect on paternal behavior as none of these KO males completed the pup-retrieval task. Prolactin was increased during mating, but not in response to pups, suggesting that the mating-induced secretion of prolactin is important for establishing the switch from infanticidal to paternal behavior. Pharmacological blockade of prolactin secretion at mating, however, had no effect on paternal behavior. In contrast, suppressing prolactin secretion at the time of pup exposure resulted in failure to retrieve pups, with exogenous prolactin administration rescuing this behavior. Together, our data show that paternal behavior in sires is dependent on basal levels of circulating prolactin acting at the time of interaction with pups, mediated through Prlr on CaMKIIα-expressing neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParental care is critical for offspring survival. Compared with maternal care, however, the neurobiology of paternal care is less well understood. Here we show that the hormone prolactin, which is most well known for its female-specific role in lactation, has a role in the male brain to promote paternal behavior. In the absence of prolactin signaling specifically during interactions with pups, father mice fail to show normal retrieval behavior of pups. These data demonstrate that prolactin has a similar action in both males and females to promote parental care.
PDE2A Inhibition Enhances Axonal Sprouting, Functional Connectivity, and Recovery after Stroke
Authors: Bechay Kirollos Raouf , Abduljawad Nora , Latifi Shahrzad , Suzuki Kazunori , Iwashita Hiroki , Carmichael S. Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have been safely and effectively used in the clinic and increase the concentration of intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/cGMP). These molecules activate downstream mediators, including the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which controls neuronal excitability and growth responses. CREB gain of function enhances learning and allocates neurons into memory engrams. CREB also controls recovery after stroke. PDE inhibitors are linked to recovery from neural damage and to stroke recovery in specific sites within the brain. PDE2A is enriched in cortex. In the present study, we use a mouse cortical stroke model in young adult and aged male mice to test the effect of PDE2A inhibition on functional recovery, and on downstream mechanisms of axonal sprouting, tissue repair, and the functional connectivity of neurons in recovering cortex. Stroke causes deficits in use of the contralateral forelimb, loss of axonal projections in cortex adjacent to the infarct, and functional disconnection of neuronal networks. PDE2A inhibition enhances functional recovery, increases axonal projections in peri-infarct cortex, and, through two-photonin vivoimaging, enhances the functional connectivity of motor system excitatory neurons. PDE2A inhibition after stroke does not have an effect on other aspects of tissue repair, such as angiogenesis, gliogenesis, neurogenesis, and inflammatory responses. These data suggest that PDE2A inhibition is an effective therapeutic approach for stroke recovery in the rodent and that it simultaneously enhances connectivity in peri-infarct neuronal populations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInhibition of PDE2A enhances motor recovery, axonal projections, and functional connectivity of neurons in peri-infarct tissue. This represents an avenue for a pharmacological therapy for stroke recovery.
A comparative study between cobblator and microdebrider assisted inferior turbinate reduction surgery
Authors: Jadhav Santosh Govindrao , Mane Balaji Shankarrao , Gavali Rushali Madhukar 
Published: September 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) management includes medical and surgical line which reduces the size of the turbinate. The surgical line of management includes old partial and total turbinectomy to newer technique as submucous inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) using cobblation, microdebrider, radiofrequency ablation, diathermy, cryotherapy, and laser therapy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Our study was duration based prospective observational study conducted between August 2021 to August 2022 in department of otorhinolaryngology at our institute with total of 160 patients who have undergone turbinate reduction surgery during 1 year duration. Half number of patients have undergone microdebrider assisted submucous inferior turbinate reduction surgery (group A) and remaining half number have undergone cobblator assisted submucous Inferior turbinate reduction surgery (group B). Comparison of pre-operative and postoperative data of each surgical technique was the aim of our study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> On comparing the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score using unpaired t test, between the two techniques on each follow up days respectively, it was found that cobblation provided better improvement than microdebrider on each day and the results were highly significant with p value &lt;0.01. On comparing the pre-operative and post-operative (day 60) inferior turbinate size using paired t test, the result of the test was statistically significant with p value &lt;0.01 in both nostrils using both the techniques.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Submucosal inferior turbinate reduction surgery for ITH using either microdebrider or cobblator technique shown better improvement in terms of NOSE score improvement, Inferior turbinate size reduction, mucocilliary transit time improvement.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Real-time Electrical Submersible Pump Smart Alarms Suite Enabled Through Data Analytics and Edge-based Virtual Flowmeter
Authors: Deng Lichi , Ambade Amey , Hernandez de la Bastida Miguel , Davalos Daniel , Carrera Zanafria Julia , Gupta Supriya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Continuous monitoring of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) ensures optimal working operating conditions and avoids deferred oil production. With the increased population of ESPs deployed worldwide, a comprehensive alarm triggering system is at the center of modern oilfield production surveillance systems. In this paper, a data-driven ESP smart alarm suite, integrated with a virtual flowmeter (VFM) deployed on the Edge, is presented with testing results and field applications for effectiveness demonstration. The overall Smart Alarm Suite consists of eight different alarms, each targeting a specific potential suboptimal pump working condition. For three alarms, a data-driven approach is adopted with the application of multiple classical machine learning models such as logistics regression, K-Means clustering, continuous linear regression, etc. The workflow also uses hybrid pipelines when manual labeling is not sufficient for model training. For the other five alarms, the workflow uses an Edge-enabled physics-based flowrate calculation to flag the status of different alarm categories.
The presented workflow innovatively combines machine-learning algorithms with rule-based criteria and a robust VFM to raise awareness of the ESP performance conditions. The injection of domain expertise and physical modeling into AI-based workflows improves the robustness of the algorithm and reduces false alarms with limited data exposure. The completeness of the alarms promotes more comprehensive monitoring of the assets and reduces the risk of lost production due to ESP failure or downtime.
First Industrial Flowlines Descaling Field Deployment Utilizing High Power Laser Technology
Authors: Batarseh Sameeh , Al Mutairi Saad , Alqahtani Muhammad , Assiri Wiam , SanRoman Alerigi Damian , Marshal Scott 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the first field descaling deployment in the industry and a successful case study utilizing high power laser technology. The innovative technology was able to descale blocked flowlines without affecting the substrate integrity. The technology is safe, efficient, and cost-effective, providing a long-term solution, and extending the life span of the flowlines, casing, tubing, and others.
High power laser technology has been tested and proven to effectively penetrate and remove materials in all types of rocks regardless of the strength and composition. This includes accumulations and deposits of iron sulfide, calcium carbonate, asphaltene, and others. The success of over two decades of intensive research has led to the development of the first high power laser field system. The design of the system is enclosed, providing safe and environmentally friendly operation; it consists of a laser energy-generator, nitrogen tank, vacuum truck and the tool. The function of the tool is to control the size and the shape of the beam that focuses on the targeted materials. The descaling process is done by utilizing the power of a laser to melt, spall or vaporize the materials. All the debris and materials removed are captured in a vacuum truck providing a clean operation.
The technology was deployed in two flowline sections with different scale deposits. The first sample had an ankylosed scale covering the pipe's transversal area. The second sample combined scale with fresh hydrocarbons. The key parameters used for the deployment are volume of the scale removed, time, cost, and reusability of the pipe. The successful field deployment demonstrated that the technology could fully remove scale from the carbon steel flowlines without damaging the substrate. The removal rate reached as high as 18 inch per minute (IPM). The main factor affecting speed is the scale's thickness and vacuum efficiency. The analysis of the inner surface of the flowline showed the walls were clear of scale and maintained their original integrity. The descaled flowline could potentially be reused immediately after completing the process
High power laser descaling technology is an innovative alternative to current descaling methods, which rely on chemical or mechanical means to remove the scale. The precise control of the beam allows targeting the scale without affecting the flowline's integrity. The technology is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, extends the lifespan of flowlines, dispenses with replacements, decreases downtime, reduces manpower, and eliminates waste. It is a key contributor to attaining net-zero and sustainable operations.
Continuous Methane Measurement: Equivalency Evaluation of Regulator-Approved Alternative Leak Detection and Repair Program in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Benko Tim , MacGregor Alex , Wen Eric , Fox Thomas , Moorhouse Brendan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diverse methods have emerged for methane Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR), alongside a growing interest in continuous measurement (CM). Novel LDAR programs must demonstrate equivalent (or better) emissions reductions compared to conventional handheld methods to be approved by regulators and trusted by industry. We apply and test a widely accepted equivalency framework and report on a regulatory approved alternative LDAR pilot program to evaluate the performance of CM relative to conventional LDAR. The framework, which has not been formally tested to date, relies on a combination of controlled release testing, simulation modeling, and field piloting. First, controlled release testing at known emission rates is used to establish probability of detection functions and other performance metrics for the CM device. Performance metrics are then used to build a CM module in LDAR-Sim, an open-access modeling framework. Finally, CM devices are deployed as part of a field pilot.
Controlled release testing results and dispersion modeling suggest that the CM devices can reliably detect (i.e., 90% detection probability or greater) a rate of 1 kg/h (~54 scfh) from distances of 75 to 100 meters with no false positive detections. A set of work practices were established using the LDAR-Sim framework. The CM program requires close-range follow-up for any detection event and is estimated by LDAR-Sim to reduce aggregate annual fugitive methane emissions by 91.8% relative to the baseline, doubling the reductions anticipated from a conventional regulatory program. For the pilot, 52 devices are deployed across 16 facilities with Enhance Energy. All devices are positioned within 100 m of monitored assets. Each time devices record a detection event, which is defined as a sustained anomaly three standard deviations above a moving average background concentration for 24 hours, 7 days or 60 days, the operator performs a close-range follow-up inspection. Preliminary results show that the CM devices can detect leaks and that follow-up protocols are effective at immediately finding leaks and avoiding false positives. Confirmed detections include fugitive emissions such as a tank thief hatch leak and vented emissions including high bleed pneumatics. Both types of emissions were confirmed as repaired or improved by CM. These results indicate that repairing leaks more expeditiously through faster detection can reduce emissions by up to 90%.
Salvage of Tilted Wellhead Platform During Drilling Operation; Removal and Relocation of the Wellhead Platform's Topside for Field Re-Development
Authors: Zainal Abidin Suzaini , Ngadiman Helmi , Shahudin Faizal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the planning, offshore execution and technology involved in the intact salvage, removal, preservation and relocation of a Well Head Drilling Platform (WHP) which was tilted during drilling operation in the "X" field.
The field development consists of a WHP tied back to a Floating, Production, Storage & Offloading (FPSO), anchored at 700 m away from the WHP. The oil field is located 110 km from shore and at water depth of 57 m. The Project Management Team (PMT) had completed the installation of the WHP, unfortunately mishap was happened when the WHP experienced tilting during drilling operation. The platform tilted/leaned two (2) degrees towards the drilling rig.
The strategy adopted by the PMT was to rig down and move out the affected rig; immediately salvage the newly installed 1,300MT WHP's topside. The work was executed under the crisis management envelop with the aim to save the rig and platform from total loss i.e., to avoid the platform topples into the sea and subsequently hits the rig.
The salvage operation employed unique processes, procedures, and technology to safe hold the tilted platform by Anchor Handling Tugs (AHTs) and pipelay barge; rig down and move out the drilling rig, reinstatement of lifting lug/pad eyes which had previously removed after completion of topside installation and finally removal of topside from the tilted jacket. The topside then transported to the fabrication yard, where there the topside had been preserved on the transportation barge for a period of five (5) months while waiting for the new jacket to be fabricated and installed. The re-development of the affected offshore facilities from the incident involved installation of new jacket at hundred fifty (150) meters away from the tilted jacket location, re-installation of the topside to the new installed 4-legged jacket, re-routing the previous installed infield pipelines (8" Liquid, 16" Wet Gas and 12’ Export Gas pipeline from FPSO) and tied-in to the new platform. The planning, innovation and execution has resulted in a significant cost containment and managed to avoid major disaster; subsequently safeguard Company's reputation. The salvage of the topside and rejuvenation of the pipelines have managed to avoid the reconstruction of the topside module which potentially could lead to non-cost recovery of huge amount of additional cost (in USD millions) and managed to avoid any Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) by taken all the necessary precautions.
High-Resolution Resistivity Image Interpretation to Improve Stratigraphic Model of the ITT Field – Oriente Basin, Ecuador
Authors: Gaibor Janeth , Guerrero Santiago , Grefa Martina , Valdez Anne , Villavicencio Angel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Oriente Basin is an oil-rich province located in Ecuador, where the main reservoirs were deposited during the Late Cretaceous. The distribution and thickness of the sandy reservoirs vary from East to West of the basin. For that, most of the reservoirs are amalgamated to the East and the definition of the contacts between them are difficult. The ITT oil field is located in this area and the main reservoir correspond to M1 Sandstone Member of the Napo Formation. However, in certain areas, the contact between M1 Sandstone Member of Napo Formation and the Basal Tena Member of the Tena Formation is hard to discern. The primary objective of this study was determined if the sandstones beds present in the well TMB-081 of the ITT oil field in the Oriente Basin- Ecuador belong to the same formation or not, based on analysis of high-resolution, resistivity-based borehole images.
The structural analysis of the image show that the sandy interval to the top of the well is in the same structural zone, which suggest that they were deposited in the same sedimentological conditions. Additionally, the sedimentological analysis shows that textures of the image can be linked with lithofacies defined for deltaic environment in previous works. Finally, the paleocurrents direction suggest that the sediments source rock was located to the South and East of the ITT Field.
The contact between Napo and Tena formations is a regional discordance. Therefore, if all sandy interval is in a single structural zone meaning that they belong to the same formation. Additionally, the direction of the paleocurrent suggest that the origin of the sediments is the Amazonian Craton and not the Andes for these sandstones. In conclusion, the sandstones located to the top of the well TMB-081 correspond to the M1 Sandstone and not to the Basal Tena Sandstone. This definition only can be defined using high-resolution resistivity-based images because the conventional logs can provide this type of information.
A Robust Workflow for Optimizing Drilling/Completion/Frac Design Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Alhemdi Aymen , Gu Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in drilling/completion/hydraulic fracturing optimization is determining the optimal parameters in the infinite space of possible solutions. Applying a comprehensive parametric study with various geomechanical properties using both a frac simulator and a reservoir simulator is low efficient. This study proposes a workflow for optimizing unconventional reservoir development using machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in conjunction with advanced geomechanical modeling.
The workflow consists of four steps: in Step1, appropriate acoustic interpretation models are used for geomechanical and in-situ stress characterization. In Step2, unsupervised machine learning optimizes completion designs based on formation anisotropy and heterogeneity along a well. In step3, a training database is built by generating multiple cases based on various simulations guided by a smart sampling algorithm. Proxy models are trained and validated by feeding the training datasets to supervised machine learning algorithms. Lastly, the tested proxy models are run for a multi-parameter sensitivity study for design optimization.
The workflow was validated by a Marcellus field case. First, the newly proposed orthorhombic acoustic interpretation model yielded in-situ stress results more consistent with field measurements than the traditional acoustic models. Second, using the C-Means Fuzzy Clustering, the stage and cluster spacings were optimized to overcome the low cluster efficiency issue led by the current geometric completion design. Last, using the newly proposed smart sampling algorithm, a 200-critical-case database was built and fed into the Neural Network algorithm for training proxy models. After running the proxy models in a random-search algorithm, the optimal design parameter values were obtained statistically, leading to the Return-On-Frac-Investment (ROFI) improved by 22-40% from the current base case.
The study introduces a robust four-step workflow combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning to examine high-dimensional multivariable drilling/completion/frac designs efficiently. The new workflow enables the evaluation of the statistical significance of the influencing parameters and, most importantly, their interactions, which have often been neglected in the current simulation-based optimization workflow. Moreover, the trained proxy models can be applied to optimize the design of the current wellbore as well as any other future wells drilled in the same basin in a convenient and time-efficient manner.
Establishing Reasonable Certainty for Reserves Estimates by Utilizing a Combination of Reliable Technologies
Authors: Narayanan Keshav , Gale Peter , Blangy J. P , Young Elliott 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) (PRMS, 2018) and many regulatory agencies (e.g. US Securities and Exchange Commission – US SEC) require "Reasonable Certainty" for Proved Reserves estimates. The PRMS states that Reasonable Certainty can be demonstrated by use of "definitive geoscience, engineering, or performance data", while the SEC allows the application of reliable technology which they define as a "grouping of one or more technologies (including computational methods) that has been field tested to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability" (US Code of Federal Regulations § 210.4-10). The guidance provided by the PRMS or SEC for establishing reasonable certainty is general in nature due to the difficulty in explicitly describing all possible scenarios and also allows leeway to use new technologies in the future. In this context, we see the need for more discussion on how a reasonably certain case can be developed utilizing multiple technologies.
Reserves estimates are snapshots in time based on the integration of the best data, analysis and forecasts available. Proper application of reliable technologies with all available data can help to refine the uncertainty ranges of reserves. We demonstrate how an overall reasonably certain estimate can be established by utilizing multiple reliable technologies even when each technology individually may not be sufficient to establish reasonable certainty. This approach can also guide how future performance data can be integrated to refine uncertainty ranges.
This paper addresses the complex challenge of establishing reasonable certainty in reserves and resource assessments. The paper discusses how multiple reliable technologies may be used in concert to establish reasonable certainty for reserves estimates through the flexibility provided by the PRMS. We share our experiences with establishing reliability based on quality of data and reservoir complexity. The practical discussions in this paper will benefit subsurface teams and reserves estimators across the industry.