bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic systems account of parental self‐regulation processes in the context of challenging child behavior
Authors: Zhang Xutong , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. , Cole Pamela M. , Ram Nilam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo advance the understanding of how parental self‐regulation contributes to their role in supporting children's development, this study proposes a model of the dynamic processes involved in parental self‐regulation. Based on time‐series data from 157 mothers and their 30‐ to 60‐month‐old children (49.7% female; 96% White; data collected June 2017–December 2019 in central Pennsylvania, U.S.) during a challenging wait task, the model was tested by examining the temporal relations among challenging child behavior, maternal physiology, and maternal responsiveness. Results were consistent with the hypothesized dynamic negative feedback processes and revealed their associations with the overall quality of parenting behaviors and experiences. Findings elucidate how parents adapt to competing external (attending to child) and internal (restoring parents' equilibrium) demands during parenting challenges.
On the definition of dermatological disease. Part 2: approaches for defining dermatological diseases
Authors: Williams Hywel C. , Burden-Teh Esther 
Published: May 2022

SummaryIn Part 1 of this two-part review, conceptual frameworks for defining skin diseases were articulated. In this review, the main approaches that can be used to develop diagnostic criteria for skin disease are summarized, using atopic dermatitis (AD) as an example. Different frameworks for defining skin disease for research purposes are articulated, including statistical, prognostic, operational, clinical and epidemiological approaches. All share the common aim of attempting to develop criteria that enable meaningful comparisons between groups of people. The desirable attributes of a good definition are described: diagnostic criteria should measure what they are meant to measure; the results should be the same for different assessors; the criteria should be coherent with what is known about that disease; they should reflect some degree of morbidity and not pick up subclinical disease; they should be easy to administer; and they should be applicable to a range of people of different ages, sexes/genders and ethnicities. Consensus-based criteria are contrasted with epidemiological derivation methods that assess the performance of diagnostic criteria in relation to a reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity of a disease definition is explained, along with how the trade-off between these two properties can vary, depending on the purpose of the study and the study setting. The review closes with some reflections on when it is appropriate to consider splitting a disease into more than one category and how diagnostic criteria can be interpreted in the clinical setting.
A portion cap rule with two products: An experimental evaluation
Authors: Nuño‐Ledesma José G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPortion cap rules have been proposed to regulate the consumption of foods and ingredients deemed unhealthy. Challenging common intuition, previous theoretical work posits that, when the seller leverages bundling to price‐discriminate, buyers are not necessarily affected and some may even benefit from a quantity restriction. I conduct an experiment designed to test this claim. In the laboratory, human subjects take the role of sellers and offer two products to automated buyers with private preferences. I manipulate the policy environment across treatments. The data largely corroborate the anticipated impacts on consumer surplus, speaking to their robustne ss. In particular, consumers with a low appreciation for the regulated good and a high valuation for the unrestricted item benefit from the cap rule.
Symptom‐based remote assessment in post‐treatment head and neck cancer surveillance: A prospective national study
Authors: Zhang Henry , Hardman John C. , Tikka Theofano , Nankivell Paul , Mehanna Hisham , Paleri Vinidh ,   ENT UK, BAHNO, INTEGRATE (The UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo report the incidence of locoregional recurrence in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients under surveillance following treatment undergoing symptom‐based remote assessment.DesignA 16‐week multicentre prospective cohort study.SettingUK ENT departments.ParticipantsHNC patients under surveillance following treatment undergoing symptom‐based telephone assessment.Main outcome measuresIncidence of locoregional recurrent HNC after minimum 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsData for 1078 cases were submitted by 16 centres, with follow‐up data completed in 98.9% (n = 1066). Following telephone consultation, 83.7% of referrals had their face‐to‐face appointments deferred (n = 897/1072). New symptoms were reported by 11.6% (n = 124/1072) at telephone assessment; 72.6% (n = 90/124) of this group were called for urgent assessments, of whom 48.9% (n = 44/90) came directly for imaging without preceding clinical review. The sensitivity and specificity for new symptoms as an indicator of cancer recurrence were 35.3% and 89.4%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 99.7% (p = .002). Locoregional cancer identification rates after a minimum of 6 months of further monitoring, when correlated with time since treatment, were 6.0% (n = 14/233) <1 year; 2.1% (n = 16/747) between 1 and 5 years; and 4.3% (n = 4/92) for those >5 years since treatment.ConclusionsTelephone assessment, using patient‐reported symptoms, to identify recurrent locoregional HNC was widely adopted during the initial peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The majority of patients had no face‐to‐face reviews or investigations. New symptoms were significantly associated with the identification of locoregional recurrent cancers with a high specificity, but a low sensitivity may limit symptom assessment being used as the sole surveillance method.
Early hearing loss detection in gout using extended high frequency audiometry
Authors: Sahin Abdulkadir , Kilic Korhan , Sakat Muhammed Sedat , Melikoglu Meltem Alkan , Sarihan Koksal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to analyse the hearing levels of patients with gout using extended high frequencies (EHFs) audiometry. Thus, we aimed to reveal the early detectability of potential hearing losses.DesignComparative cross‐sectional study.SettingsA single centre patient was diagnosed with gout disease.ParticipantsTwo groups consisted of 32 patients with gout and 32 healthy volunteers.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was hearing thresholds in pure tone (PT) audiometry and EHFs audiometry. Also, the association between audiometric results and haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups in terms of mean hearing thresholds in PT audiometry. But, at all frequencies above 4000 Hz (4000–18 000 Hz), the hearing thresholds were significantly higher in patients with gout. Also, the hearing thresholds above 8000 Hz were positively correlated with serum uric acid levels. Hearing thresholds at higher frequencies were positively correlated with haemoglobin levels and negatively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein levels.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature demonstrating the high frequency of hearing loss in patients with gout using EHFs audiometry. We consider that using EHFs audiometry should have an important place in the early detection of potential hearing losses in gout patients.
What is it like to live with obesity in Peninsular Malaysia? A qualitative study
Authors: Yunus Nor Akma , Russell Grant , Muhamad Rosediani , Barton Chris , Sturgiss Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

SummaryUnderstanding the experience of people living with obesity is crucial for delivering holistic care relevant to the socio‐cultural context. Although half of the Malaysian adults have excessive weight, the lived experience of people with obesity in the Malaysian context is not well studied. Using the principles of hermeneutic phenomenology, this study explores the lived experience of adults with obesity in Malaysia and their perspective on the environmental influences on obesity. Participants were adults from Peninsular Malaysia living with obesity recruited from social media, clinics and snowball sampling. Twenty‐five teleconference interviews in Malay were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed inductively using a reflexive thematic analysis approach, and quotes were translated into English. We identified five themes: (1) Malaysian life is centred around food; (2) social norms shape people living with obesity's perceptions of themselves and obesity; (3) people living with obesity are physically restricted by their body; (4) people living with obesity have repeated thoughts about efforts to lose weight; and (5) stigmatization of people living with obesity leads to negative emotions. Socio‐cultural influences were highly impactful on participants' lifeworld, and these influences need to be considered in clinical practice and policy for obesity management in Malaysia. Clinical management should focus on assisting patients in navigating the unsupportive food and social environment instead of overfocusing on the individual's responsibility for weight reduction.
Inclusion of biotic variables improves predictions of environmental niche models
Authors: Stephenson Fabrice , Gladstone‐Gallagher Rebecca V. , Bulmer Richard H. , Thrush Simon F. , Hewitt Judi E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimSpecies Distribution Models (SDMs) are correlative models that predict the occurrence or abundance of species in relation to predictor variables. SDMs have become an important part of resource management and conservation biology yet they rarely incorporate species’ biology or demography into their predictions. To explore the possible influence of biotic relationships in explaining patterns of species’ distribution, abundance and explanatory power of SDMs, we chose two intertidal shellfish species with overlapping but different environmental preferences (Austrovenus stutchburyi and Macomona liliana) and modelled their distributions with and without biotic variables.LocationNew Zealand.MethodsThe relationship between environmental and biotic variables on the abundance of our two species was investigated using Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs) with increasing model complexity: (1) BRT models using environmental variables were fitted to each species; (2) BRT models using environmental variables and the co‐occurring abundance of the study taxa not being modelled were fitted; (3) BRT models using environmental variables, the co‐occurring abundance and the estimated abundance of the species’ patch of the study taxa not being modelled were fitted.ResultsA strong, non‐linear effect of the abundance of Austrovenus on Macomona was observed but only a weak effect of Macomona on Austrovenus. The inclusion of biotic variables improved the model fit metrics for both species, as assessed by withheld evaluation data, markedly so for Macomona. The overall deviance explained by the models increased, the correlation of predicted vs observed abundance data increased and the variability in these measures decreased.Main conclusionsThe combination of the improvement in model performance and changes in the influence of variables with the inclusion of biotic variables is of importance when predicting into unsampled space (e.g. when predicting impacts of climate change). Our approach improves classic SDMs by integrating ecological theories of how species interactions can alter species distributions across environmental gradients.
The forecast trap
Authors: Boettiger Carl 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEncouraged by decision makers’ appetite for future information on topics ranging from elections to pandemics, and enabled by the explosion of data and computational methods, model‐based forecasts have garnered increasing influence on a breadth of decisions in modern society. Using several classic examples from fisheries management, I demonstrate that selecting the model or models that produce the most accurate and precise forecast (measured by statistical scores) can sometimes lead to worse outcomes (measured by real‐world objectives). This can create a forecast trap, in which the outcomes such as fish biomass or economic yield decline while the manager becomes increasingly convinced that these actions are consistent with the best models and data available. The forecast trap is not unique to this example, but a fundamental consequence of non‐uniqueness of models. Existing practices promoting a broader set of models are the best way to avoid the trap.
Grandmothers who raise working parents' children: Influences on grandchildren, behavior management styles, and educational needs
Authors: Durmuş Emine , Tunca Aslı 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to examine perspectives on helping raise grandchildren among Turkish grandmothers who care for working parents' children.BackgroundGrandparents helping raise their grandchildren has become increasingly common as a means to support women's employment. In Turkey, the Büyükanne Projesi (Grandma Project) was carried out in 2017 with the support of the government. This project encouraged grandmothers to help raise their grandchildren to encourage women's participation in the workforce. The importance of grandmothers in the family system and the role of raising grandchildren has gradually increased.MethodThis research is qualitative and phenomenological. Sixteen grandmothers living in Turkey participated in the research. Participants were selected by criterion sampling, a purposive sampling method.ResultsThe study's findings were categorized into three main themes: the effects of being raised by grandmothers on grandchildren, grandmothers' behavior management styles, and grandmothers' educational needs.ConclusionWhile raising the children of working parents, grandmothers strive to instill societal and familial values to the children. In so doing, grandmothers appear to prefer democratic and child‐centered behavior‐management methods over authoritarian and oppressive ones. It was noted that grandmothers have some educational needs, especially with regard to child development issues.ImplicationsGrandmothers' childrearing practices can be improved with training. Grandmothers can play an important role in raising children to increase women's participation in the workforce and to help support the family economically.
Community‐based language learning as a transformative practice: An exploration of the modes of communication
Authors: Reisinger Deborah S. , Clifford Joan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study explores transformative learning (TL) in community‐based language learning experiences. The fall 2019 study, conducted with 25 undergraduate students enrolled in two advanced language courses with a service‐learning component, was designed to identify if TL is occurring, which classroom and community‐based activities lead to TL, and specifically, which modes of communication are associated with changes in students' beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions. Faculty administered pre‐ and post‐semester surveys on changes in students' values, beliefs, and opinions, as adapted from King's (2009) Learning Activities Survey. Survey results indicate that a majority of students experienced a moment of TL during the course, which was triggered by a combination of community interactions and course content. Students cited interpersonal speaking, interpretive listening, and interpersonal writing in the target language as high‐impact practices; presentational writing and presentational speaking garnered few responses. Findings indicate that students perceive reflection activities involving interpersonal speaking and writing in the L2 as most supportive of TL.
Thermal treatment of ion‐exchanged glass
Authors: Macrelli Guglielmo , Varshneya Arun K. , Mauro John C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermal treatments of ion‐exchanged glasses are often needed for postprocessing steps, including deposition or curing of inorganic or organic coatings deposited on the glass surface. In this study, we investigate the effects of post–ion exchange thermal treatment on the concentration profile, residual stress, and final strength of the ion‐exchanged glass. A new general solution of the diffusion problem with variable boundary conditions is presented together with its integration in a recent residual stress model, including fast and slow relaxation terms. Strength is evaluated as a function of the surface flaw depth in both solely ion‐exchanged glass and ion‐exchanged glass subjected to subsequent thermal treatments. Results indicate that the thermal treatment may have significant detrimental consequences in terms of strength, which should be carefully considered in the design of glass components to avoid unexpected immediate or time‐delayed breakages.
Somatic mosaicism in patients with Fanconi anaemia: Proposal of alternative tissue for inconclusive diagnoses
Authors: Oliveira Pereira Camila , Pillonetto Daniela Vandresen , Borgonovo Tamara , Rebelatto Carmen Lúcia Kuniyoshi , Barbosa Miriam Lacerda , Finger Maria Cristina , Nichele Samantha , Trennepohl Joanna , Loth Gisele , Bonfim Carmem 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionFanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder marked by progressive bone marrow failure, chromosomal fragility, and increased cancer susceptibility. Laboratory diagnosis includes chromosomal instability test and mutation investigation. A total of 15%–25% of all patients may have somatic mosaicism, characterized by two distinct haematopoietic cell populations, one resistant and one sensitive to agents that induce chromosomal breakage, which complicates the diagnosis by a high incidence of reverted cells leading to inconclusive or false‐negative results. The study aimed to evaluate the use of bone marrow stromal mesenchymal cells (BM‐MSCs) as an alternative, non‐haematopoietic tissue for diagnosis.MethodsBone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells from 12 patients with positive diepoxybutane (DEB) tests were cultivated and analysed by cytogenetics and mutation investigation.ResultsThe DEB test was performed at 0.1 and 0.01 μg/ml concentrations, with an index ranging from 0.24 to 1.00. At higher concentration, the metaphases number was lower, probably due to toxicity. Regarding the molecular investigation, all the mutations previously found in peripheral blood were identified on BM‐MSC.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the possibility of using BM‐MSCs as an alternative tissue for cytogenetic and molecular investigation. Future tests using an intermediate DEB concentration may lead to an optimal protocol that could be non‐toxic to cells but provides conclusive results.
Decent work in nursing: Relationship between nursing work environment, job satisfaction, and physical and mental health
Authors: Sönmez Betül , Yıldız Keskin Ayşe , İspir Demir Öznur , Emiralioğlu Ramazan , Güngör Serkan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between nursing work environment, nurses' perception of decent work, job satisfaction, and physical and mental health.BackgroundAccording to the psychology of working theory, work‐related and overall well‐being levels of employees with decent work increase as their basic needs are met.MethodsThis study was conducted as a cross‐sectional, correlational study. The study sample consisted of 311 nurses working in two hospitals in a province of Turkey. The participants were selected using convenience sampling method. The model of the research was analyzed using structural equation modeling. This study was reported using the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsThe four dimensions of the nursing work environment were found to have a significant relationship with decent work. Decent work was found to have a direct relationship with physical and mental health. It had an indirect relationship between three subscales of work environment and physical and mental health, however, decent work had no significant relationship with job satisfaction.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicated the role of decent work environment and its relationship with nurses’ physical and mental health.Implications for nursing and health policyNurse managers, policy makers, and decision‐makers at all levels should improve nursing work environment and working conditions.
1,25(OH)2D3 blocks IFNβ production through regulating STING in epithelial layer of oral lichen planus
Authors: Ge Xuejun , Wang Yaxian , Xie Hanting , Li Ran , Zhang Fang , Zhao Bin , Du Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) is reported to exert vital functions in inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the status and roles of STING in oral lichen planus (OLP) remain elusive. Here, we state that STING and its downstream cytokine interferon‐β (IFNβ) expression is boosted in the oral keratinocytes from patients suffering OLP in comparison with those from healthy participants. Mechanistically, transcription factor GATA‐binding protein 1 (GATA1) which is highly increased in diseased samples specifically interacts with its element in the promoter of STING to enhance STING transcripts. 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, is capable of restricting STING and IFNβ increases in oral keratinocyte models resembling OLP in vitro. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and STING or IFNβ in human samples. Using plasmids and small interfering RNA transfection technologies, we find 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates STING and IFNβ through a mechanism controlled by the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)‐GATA1 axis. Collectively, our findings unveil that 1,25(OH)2D3 lowers STING and IFNβ overexpression in the context of OLP.
Axin2‐expressing cells in the periodontal ligament are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein signalling and play a pivotal role in periodontium development
Authors: Xie Xudong , Xu Chunmei , Zhao Lei , Wu Yafei , Feng Jian Q. , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo date, controversies still exist regarding the exact cellular origin and regulatory mechanisms of periodontium development, which hinders efforts to achieve ideal periodontal tissue regeneration. Axin2‐expressing cells in the periodontal ligament (PDL) have been shown to be a novel progenitor cell population that is essential for periodontal homeostasis. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A (BMPR1A)‐mediated BMP signalling in Axin2‐expressing cells during periodontium development.Materials and MethodsTwo strains of Axin2 gene reporter mice, Axin2lacZ/+ and Axin2CreERT2/+; R26RtdTomato/+ mice, were used. We next generated Axin2CreERT2/+; R26RDTA/+; R26RtdTomato/+ mice to genetically ablate of Axin2‐lineage cells. Axin2CreERT2/+; Bmpr1afl/fl; R26RtdTomato/+ mice were established to conditionally knock out Bmpr1a in Axin2‐lineage cells. Multiple approaches, including micro‐computed tomography, calcein green, and alizarin red double‐labelling, scanning electron microscopy, and histological and immunostaining assays, were used to analyse periodontal phenotypes and molecular mechanisms.ResultsX‐gal staining revealed that Axin2‐expressing cells in the PDL were mainly distributed along the alveolar bone and cementum surface. Cell lineage tracing and cell ablation assays further demonstrated the indispensable role of Axin2‐expressing cells in periodontium development. Next, we found that conditional knockout of Bmpr1a in Axin2‐lineage cells led to periodontal defects, which were characterized by alveolar bone loss, impaired cementogenesis, and abnormal Sharpey's fibres.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that Axin2‐expressing cells in the PDL are essential for periodontium development, which is regulated by BMP signalling.