bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of urinary cytokines/chemokines as prognostic markers in patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Jeon Junseok , Park Jeeeun , Boo Hyo Jin , Yang Kyeong Eun , Lee Cheol-Jung , Lee Jung Eun , Kim Kyunga , Kwon Ghee Young , Huh Wooseong , Kim Dae Joong , Kim Yoon-Goo , Jang Hye Ryoun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCrescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) usually requires urgent immunosuppressive treatment. However, aggressive immunosuppressive treatment is often difficult because of the patients’ medical conditions or comorbidities. Prognostic markers including urinary cytokines/chemokines as noninvasive biomarkers were explored in CrGN patients. This prospective cohort study included 82 patients with biopsy-confirmed CrGN from 2002 to 2015 who were followed up for 5 years. Urine and serum cytokines/chemokines on the day of kidney biopsy were analyzed in 36 patients. The median age was 65 years and 47.6% were male. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) scores were identified as significant prognostic factors. Among patients with cytokines/chemokines measurement, increased IL-10 level was identified as an independent predictor of good prognosis, and increased levels of urinary MCP-1 and fractalkine tended to be associated with good prognosis after adjusting for baseline eGFR and IFTA score. However, semiquantitative analysis of intrarenal leukocytes did not show prognostic value predicting renal outcome or correlation with urinary cytokines/chemokines. This study supports the clinical importance of baseline eGFR and IFTA scores and suggests potential usefulness of urinary IL-10, MCP-1, and fractalkine as prognostic markers for predicting renal outcomes in patients with CrGN.
Three-dimensional numerical analysis of flow and heat transfer of bi-directional stretched nanofluid film exposed to an exponential heat generation using modified Buongiorno model
Authors: Owhaib Wahib , Al-Kouz Wael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe heat transfer characteristics of copper/water nanofluid flow over a bi-directional stretched film are theoretically studied. The used mathematical model accounts for nanofluid effective dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity. The model of the current study utilizes the modified Buongiorno model to scrutinize the effect of haphazard motion, nanoparticles' thermo-migration, and effective nanofluid properties. 3D flow is driven by having the nanofluid film elongation in two directions. The thermal analysis of the problem considers the nonlinear internal heat source and Newton heating conditions. In modeling the problem, the Prandtl boundary layer approximations are employed. Moreover, the nonlinear problem set of governing equations for investigating the transport of water conveying copper nanoparticles was non-dimensionalized before being treated numerically. The current parametric study investigates the impact of governing parameters on nanoparticles velocities, temperature, and concentration distributions. The presence of copper nanoparticles leads to a higher nanofluid temperature upon heating. The temperature enhances with the nanoparticles Brownian movement and thermo-migration aspects. Furthermore, involving a heat source phenomenon augments the magnitude of the heat transfer rate. Moreover, the velocity ratio factor exhibits decreasing behavior for x-component velocity and increasing behavior for y-component velocity. In conclusion, the study results proved that for larger values of Nb and Nt the temperature is higher. In addition, it is clear from the investigations that the Lewis number and Brownian motion factor decline the nanoparticle concentration field.
Moisture retention of glycerin solutions with various concentrations: a comparative study
Authors: Chen H. J. , Lee P. Y. , Chen C. Y. , Huang S. L. , Huang B. W. , Dai F. J. , Chau C. F. , Chen C. S. , Lin Y. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVarious methods of evaluating a humectant’s moisture retention have unique mechanisms. Hence, for designing advanced or efficient ingredients of cosmetic products, a clear understanding of differences among methods is required. The aim of this study was to analyze the moisture-retention capacity of glycerin, a common ingredient in cosmetic products. Specifically, this study applied gravimetric analysis, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to examine the evaporation of glycerin solutions of different concentrations. The results revealed that the moisture-retention capacity of glycerin increased with the glycerin concentration from 0 to 60 wt%, and glycerin at concentration of 60–70 wt% did not exhibit weight change during the evaporation process. When the glycerin concentration exceeded 70 wt%, moisture sorption occurred in the glycerin solution. Furthermore, the results revealed a deviation between the evaporation rates measured using gravimetric analysis and those measured using TEWL analysis. However, normalizing the results of these analyses yielded the relative evaporation rates to water, which were consistent between these two analyses. DSC thermograms further confirmed the consistent results and identified two hydrated water microstructures (nonfreezable water and free water) in the glycerin solutions, which explained why the measured evaporation rate decreased with the glycerin concentration. These findings can be applied to prove the moisture-retention capacity of a humectant in cosmetic products by different measuring methods.
Distinct prognosis of biliary tract cancer according to tumor location, stage, and treatment: a population-based study
Authors: Kang Mee Joo , Lim Jiwon , Han Sung-Sik , Park Hyeong Min , Kim Sun-Whe , Lee Woo Jin , Woo Sang Myung , Kim Tae Hyun , Won Young-Joo , Park Sang-Jae 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiliary tract cancer (BTC) has been inconsistently identified according to its location in epidemiological and clinical studies. This study retrospectively reviewed the treatment pattern and prognosis of BTC according to tumor location using the Korea Central Cancer Registry data of 97,676 patients with BTC from 2006 to 2017. The proportion of localized and regional Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) stage was the highest in ampulla of Vater (AoV, 78.2%) cancer, followed by extrahepatic bile duct (BD, 68.3%), gallbladder (GB, 52.6%), and intrahepatic BD (49.5%) cancers. Overall, the “no active anti-cancer treatment” rate was the highest in intrahepatic BD (52.8%), followed by extrahepatic BD (49.5%), GB (39.6%), and AoV cancers (28.9%). The 5-year relative survival rate was the highest in AoV (48.5%), followed by GB (28.5%), extrahepatic BD (19.9%), and intrahepatic BD (10.8%) cancers, which significantly improved over time, except for intrahepatic BD cancer. In the localized and regional stage, older patients had a higher risk of receiving no active anti-cancer treatment in each tumor location after adjusting for period and sex. BTC statistics should be reported separately according to tumor location due to its distinct SEER stage distribution, treatment pattern, and prognosis. Care should be taken in elderly patients to reduce the rate of no active anti-cancer treatment.
CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the MYO7A gene in rhesus macaque embryos to generate a primate model of Usher syndrome type 1B
Authors: Ryu Junghyun , Statz John P. , Chan William , Burch Fernanda C. , Brigande John V. , Kempton Beth , Porsov Edward V. , Renner Lauren , McGill Trevor , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Hanna Carol B. , Neuringer Martha , Hennebold Jon D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMutations in the MYO7A gene lead to Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B), a disease characterized by congenital deafness, vision loss, and balance impairment. To create a nonhuman primate (NHP) USH1B model, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to disrupt MYO7A in rhesus macaque zygotes. The targeting efficiency of Cas9 mRNA and hybridized crRNA-tracrRNA (hyb-gRNA) was compared to Cas9 nuclease (Nuc) protein and synthetic single guide (sg)RNAs. Nuc/sgRNA injection led to higher editing efficiencies relative to mRNA/hyb-gRNAs. Mutations were assessed by preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and those with the desired mutations were transferred into surrogates. A pregnancy was established from an embryo where 92.1% of the PGT sequencing reads possessed a single G insertion that leads to a premature stop codon. Analysis of single peripheral blood leukocytes from the infant revealed that half the cells possessed the homozygous single base insertion and the remaining cells had the wild-type MYO7A sequence. The infant showed sensitive auditory thresholds beginning at 3 months. Although further optimization is needed, our studies demonstrate that it is feasible to use CRISPR technologies for creating NHP models of human diseases.
Enhancing the mechanical properties and providing bioactive potential for graphene oxide/montmorillonite hybrid dental resin composites
Authors: Velo Marilia Mattar de Amôedo Campos , Filho Francisco Gilmário Nunes , de Lima Nascimento Tatiana Rita , Obeid Alyssa Teixeira , Castellano Lúcio Cançado , Costa Reginaldo Mendonça , Brondino Nair Cristina Margarido , Fonseca Maria Gardennia , Silikas Nikolaos , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis in vitro study synthetized hybrid composite nanoparticles of graphene oxide (GO) and montmorillonite MMt (GO-MMt) by ultrasound treatments. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-Raman, FTIR, TEM and SEM. The effect of their incorporation (0.3% and 0.5%) on the mechanical properties in a resin-based composite (RBC) and their bioactivity potential were evaluated. The specimens were characterized by evaluating their 3-point flexural strength (n = 6), modulus of elasticity (n = 6), degree of conversion (n = 6), microhardness (n = 6), contact angle (n = 3) and SEM analysis (n = 3). In vitro test in SBF were conducted in the RBCs modified by the hybrid. Overall, the synthetized hybrid composite demonstrated that GO was intercalated with MMt, showing a more stable compound. ANOVA and Tukey test showed that RBC + 0.3% GO-MMt demonstrated superior values of flexural strength, followed by RBC + 0.5% GO-MMt (p < 0.05) and both materials showed higher values of microhardness. All groups presented a contact angle below 90°, characterizing hydrophilic materials. RBCs modified by the hybrid showed Ca and P deposition after 14 days in SBF. In conclusion, RBCs composed by the hybrid showed promising results in terms of mechanical properties and bioactive potential, extending the application of GO in dental materials.
Integration of feature vectors from raw laboratory, medication and procedure names improves the precision and recall of models to predict postoperative mortality and acute kidney injury
Authors: Hofer Ira S. , Kupina Marina , Laddaran Lori , Halperin Eran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManuscripts that have successfully used machine learning (ML) to predict a variety of perioperative outcomes often use only a limited number of features selected by a clinician. We hypothesized that techniques leveraging a broad set of features for patient laboratory results, medications, and the surgical procedure name would improve performance as compared to a more limited set of features chosen by clinicians. Feature vectors for laboratory results included 702 features total derived from 39 laboratory tests, medications consisted of a binary flag for 126 commonly used medications, procedure name used the Word2Vec package for create a vector of length 100. Nine models were trained: baseline features, one for each of the three types of data Baseline + Each data type, (all features, and then all features with feature reduction algorithm. Across both outcomes the models that contained all features (model 8) (Mortality ROC-AUC 94.32 ± 1.01, PR-AUC 36.80 ± 5.10 AKI ROC-AUC 92.45 ± 0.64, PR-AUC 76.22 ± 1.95) was superior to models with only subsets of features. Featurization techniques leveraging a broad away of clinical data can improve performance of perioperative prediction models.
All-proportional solid solution versus two-phase coexistence in the Ti–V alloy by first-principles phase field and SQS methods
Authors: Ohno Kaoru , Kuwahara Riichi , Pham Thi Nu , Bhattacharyya Swastibrata , Sahara Ryoji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe microstructures of the Ti–V alloy are studied by purely first-principles calculations without relying on any empirical or experimental parameter. The special quasirandom structure model is employed to treat the all-proportional solid solution $$\beta$$
β
phase, while the first-principles phase field method or its variant is employed to treat the coexistence phases. The linearity of the calculated local free energy against the integer Ti$$_n$$

n

V$$_m$$

m

composition in the cluster expansion method manifests a clear evidence of the solid solution behavior. From a detailed energy comparison, our results are consistent with the experimental fact that the Ti–V alloy is an all-proportional solid solution of the $$\beta$$
β
phase at high temperatures and exhibits an $$\alpha +\beta$$

α
+
β

coexistence at low temperatures. Moreover, it is found that mosaic-type microstructures may appear as a metastable phase, as observed by many experiments. The first-principles criterion for the all-proportional solid solution behavior presented in this paper is very general and can be applied to any other binary or multi-component alloys.
Southern hemisphere forced millennial scale Indian summer monsoon variability during the late Pleistocene
Authors: Band Shraddha T. , Yadava M. G. , Kaushal Nikita , Midhun M. , Thirumalai Kaustubh , Francis Timmy , Laskar Amzad , Ramesh R. , Henderson Gideon M. , Narayana A. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeninsular India hosts the initial rain-down of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) after which winds travel further east inwards into Asia. Stalagmite oxygen isotope composition from this region, such as those from Belum Cave, preserve the vital signals of the past ISM variability. These archives experience a single wet season with a single dominant moisture source annually. Here we present high-resolution δ18O, δ13C and trace element (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca) time series from a Belum Cave stalagmite spanning glacial MIS-6 (from ~ 183 to ~ 175 kyr) and interglacial substages MIS-5c-5a (~ 104 kyr to ~ 82 kyr). With most paleomonsoon reconstructions reporting coherent evolution of northern hemisphere summer insolation and ISM variability on orbital timescale, we focus on understanding the mechanisms behind millennial scale variability. Finding that the two are decoupled over millennial timescales, we address the role of the Southern Hemisphere processes in modulating monsoon strength as a part of the Hadley circulation. We identify several strong and weak episodes of ISM intensity during 104–82 kyr. Some of the weak episodes correspond to warming in the southern hemisphere associated with weak cross-equatorial winds. We show that during the MIS-5 substages, ISM strength gradually declined with millennial scale variability linked to Southern Hemisphere temperature changes which in turn modulate the strength of the Mascarene High.
Microliter-scale reaction arrays for economical high-throughput experimentation in radiochemistry
Authors: Rios Alejandra , Holloway Travis S. , Chao Philip H. , De Caro Christian , Okoro Chelsea C. , van Dam R. Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increasing number of positron-emission tomography (PET) tracers being developed to aid drug development and create new diagnostics has led to an increased need for radiosynthesis development and optimization. Current radiosynthesis instruments are designed to produce large-scale clinical batches and are often limited to performing a single synthesis before they must be decontaminated by waiting for radionuclide decay, followed by thorough cleaning or disposal of synthesizer components. Though with some radiosynthesizers it is possible to perform a few sequential radiosyntheses in a day, none allow for parallel radiosyntheses. Throughput of one or a few experiments per day is not well suited for rapid optimization experiments. To combat these limitations, we leverage the advantages of droplet-radiochemistry to create a new platform for high-throughput experimentation in radiochemistry. This system contains an array of 4 heaters, each used to heat a set of 16 reactions on a small chip, enabling 64 parallel reactions for the rapid optimization of conditions in any stage of a multi-step radiosynthesis process. As examples, we study the syntheses of several 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals ([18F]Flumazenil, [18F]PBR06, [18F]Fallypride, and [18F]FEPPA), performing > 800 experiments to explore the influence of parameters including base type, base amount, precursor amount, solvent, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The experiments were carried out within only 15 experiment days, and the small volume (~ 10 μL compared to the ~ 1 mL scale of conventional instruments) consumed ~ 100 × less precursor per datapoint. This new method paves the way for more comprehensive optimization studies in radiochemistry and substantially shortening PET tracer development timelines.
Measuring ethical behavior with AI and natural language processing to assess business success
Authors: Gloor Peter , Fronzetti Colladon Andrea , Grippa Francesca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEverybody claims to be ethical. However, there is a huge difference between declaring ethical behavior and living up to high ethical standards. In this paper, we demonstrate that “hidden honest signals” in the language and the use of “small words” can show true moral values and behavior of individuals and organizations and that this ethical behavior is correlated to real-world success; however not always in the direction we might expect. Leveraging the latest advances of AI in natural language processing (NLP), we construct three different “tribes” of ethical, moral, and non-ethical people, based on Twitter feeds of people of known high and low ethics and morals: fair and modest collaborators codified as ethical “bees”; hard-working competitive workers as moral “ants”; and selfish, arrogant people as non-ethical “leeches”. Results from three studies involving a total of 49 workgroups and 281 individuals within three different industries (healthcare, business consulting, and higher education) confirm the validity of our model. Associating membership in ethical or unethical tribes with performance, we find that being ethical correlates positively or negatively with success depending on the context.
scCAN: single-cell clustering using autoencoder and network fusion
Authors: Tran Bang , Tran Duc , Nguyen Hung , Ro Seungil , Nguyen Tin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnsupervised clustering of single-cell RNA sequencing data (scRNA-seq) is important because it allows us to identify putative cell types. However, the large number of cells (up to millions), the high-dimensionality of the data (tens of thousands of genes), and the high dropout rates all present substantial challenges in single-cell analysis. Here we introduce a new method, named single-cell Clustering using Autoencoder and Network fusion (scCAN), that can overcome these challenges to accurately segregate different cell types in large and sparse scRNA-seq data. In an extensive analysis using 28 real scRNA-seq datasets (more than three million cells) and 243 simulated datasets, we validate that scCAN: (1) correctly estimates the number of true cell types, (2) accurately segregates cells of different types, (3) is robust against dropouts, and (4) is fast and memory efficient. We also compare scCAN with CIDR, SEURAT3, Monocle3, SHARP, and SCANPY. scCAN outperforms these state-of-the-art methods in terms of both accuracy and scalability. The scCAN package is available at https://cran.r-project.org/package=scCAN. Data and R scripts are available at http://sccan.tinnguyen-lab.com/
Retrospective analysis of different therapeutic approaches for retroperitoneal duodenal perforations
Authors: Yurttas Can , Thiel Christian , Wichmann Dörte , Horvath Philipp , Strohäker Jens , Bongers Malte Niklas , Schenk Martin , Stüker Dietmar , Königsrainer Alfred , Thiel Karolin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurgical therapy of duodenal perforation into the retroperitoneum entails high morbidity. Conservative treatment and endoscopic negative pressure therapy have been suggested as promising therapeutic alternatives. We aimed to retrospectively assess outcomes of patients treated for duodenal perforation to the retroperitoneum at our department. A retrospective analysis of all patients that were treated for duodenal perforation to the retroperitoneum at our institution between 2010 and 2021 was conducted. Different therapeutic approaches with associated complications within 30 days, length of in-hospital stay, number of readmissions and necessity of parenteral nutrition were assessed. We included thirteen patients in our final analysis. Six patients underwent surgery, five patients were treated conservatively and two patients received interventional treatment by endoscopic negative pressure therapy. Length of stay was shorter in patients treated conservatively. One patient following conservative and surgical treatment each was readmitted to hospital within 30 days after initial therapy whereas no readmissions after interventional treatment occurred. There was no failure of therapy in patients treated without surgery whereas four (66.7%) of six patients required revision surgery following primary surgical therapy. Conservative and interventional treatment were associated with fewer complications than surgical therapy which involves high morbidity. Conservative and interventional treatment using endoscopic negative pressure therapy in selected patients might constitute appropriate therapeutic alternatives for duodenal perforations to the retroperitoneum.
High-speed nonlinear focus-induced photoresponse in amorphous silicon photodetectors for ultrasensitive 3D imaging applications
Authors: Bablich Andreas , Müller Maurice , Kienitz Paul , Bornemann Rainer , Ogolla Charles Otieno , Butz Benjamin , Choubey Bhaskar , Bolívar Peter Haring 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA large and growing number of applications benefit from simple, fast and highly sensitive 3D imaging sensors. The Focus-Induced Photoresponse (FIP) can achieve 3D sensing functionalities by simply evaluating the irradiance dependent nonlinear sensor response in defect-based materials. Since this advantage is intricately associated to a slow response, the electrical bandwidth of present FIP detectors is limited to a few $${\text{kHz}}$$
kHz
only. The devices presented in this work enable modulation frequencies of 700 kHz and beat frequency detection up to at least 3.8 MHz, surpassing the bandwidth of reported device architectures by more than two orders of magnitude. The sensors achieve a SNR of at least $$\sim 53\;{\text{dB}}$$

∼
53

dB

at $$115\;{\text{cm}}$$

115

cm

and a DC FIP detection limit of 0.6 µW/mm2. The mature and scalable low-temperature a-Si:H process technology allows operating the device under ambient air conditions waiving additional back-end passivation, geometrical fill factors of $$100\%$$

100
%

and tailoring the FIP towards adjustable 3D sensing applications.