bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood trauma in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and intensity of psychotic symptoms
Authors: Alvarez M.-J. , Foguet-Boreu Q. , García-Eslava J. , Roura-Poch P. , Tasa-Vinyals E. , González-Vázquez A. , Masramon H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe relationship between history of childhood trauma (CT) and current schizophrenic symptoms is complex and controversial. Most of the studies report more positive psychotic symptoms (PPS) in psychotic patients who had suffered CT. Findings for negative psychotic symptoms (NPS) are mixed: most authors do not find differences or even find less.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to evaluate and describe the types of CT suffered by patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), and to analyse the relationship between history of CT and the present-time intensity of PPS and NPS.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 45 adult patients with a SSD. Instruments: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, short form (CTQ-SF) for measuring CT and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to assess the PPS and NPS of psychosis.Results77.8% of the patients reported having suffered any kind of CT. By types of trauma: 48.9% reported emotional abuse, 28.9% physical abuse, 40.0% sexual abuse, 55.6% emotional neglect and 46.7% physical neglect. A lineal correlation between CTQ-SF and PANSS+/- scores was performed. Neither total PANSS+ nor any particular PANSS+ items correlate with CTQ scores. A significant inverse lineal association of moderate intensity exists between total PANSS− score and CT intensity (ρ = −0.300, p = 0.045)ConclusionsIn line with previous research, our study has found inverse correlation between NPS and CT. In contrast, no association was found between PPS and CT. Our sample was mostly composed by chronic patients, which might explain the differences with the previous literature.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Sleep in adults with autism spectrum disorder and adhd: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ramos-Quiroga J.A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSleep-related problems have been frequently reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, with special emphasis in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disor-der (ADHD).ObjectivesTo perform a meta-analysis (PROSPERO’s CRD42019132916) on sleep disturbances in adults with ASD and/or ADHD.MethodsA total of 1126 studies and 66 references were identified by electronic and manual searches, respectively. Of these, 42 studies were included in the meta-analysis.Resultsshowed that both disorders share a similar sleep-impaired profile with higher sleep onset latency, poorer sleep efficiency, greater number of awakenings during sleep, and a general lower self-perceived sleep quality compared with healthy controls. A higher proportion of N1 sleep was found in ASD participants, while a greater Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep is specific in ADHD adults.ConclusionsSleep is impaired by several sleep problems and disorders in both ASD and ADHD adults. More research is needed to develop more awareness in mental healthcare, and better treatment of this impairing comorbidity in ASD and ADHDDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Opium tincture for opioid substitution treatment
Authors: Nikoo M. , Kianpoor K. , Nikoo N. , Javidanbardan S. , Kazemi A. , Choi F. , Vogel M. , Gholami A. , Tavakoli S. , Wong J. , Moazen‐Zadeh E. , Givaki R. , Jazani M. , Mohammadian F. , Moghaddam N. Markazi , Schütz C. , Jang K. , Akhondzadeh S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOpium tincture (OT) is widely used for opioid substitution treatment (OST) in Iran.ObjectivesTo determine if OT is a safe and effective medication for OST.MethodsOpium Trial was a multicenter, double‐blind, noninferiority randomized controlled trial, with 204 participants with opioid dependence in Iran. Participants were then randomized to OT or methadone arms with an allocation ratio of 1:1 and were followed for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was retention in treatment, compared between the two groups using both intention-To-Treat (ITT) and Per-Protocol (PP) analyses.ResultsA total of 70 participants (IT: 68.6%, PP: 69.3%) in methadone arm and 61 participants (ITT: 59.8%, PP: 60.4%) in OT arm remained in the treatment. The relative retention rate was 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) in both analyses in favour of methadone. A total of 46 out of 152 (30.3%) participants in OT arm and 83 out of 168 (49.4%) participants in methadone arm reported opioid use outside the treatment. The difference in these two proportions (OT - methadone) was 19%: (10%, 28%) in favour of OT. The proportion of patients with adverse events were not different between the two arms (P = 0.06). There was no serious AE in OT arm.ConclusionsOpium tincture is a clinically effective and safe medication, but this study could not conclude if it was as equally effective as methadone in retaining participants in treatment, but it showed that OT was superior to methadone in reducing opioid use outside the treatment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effect of group psychotherapy on the annual incidence of self-harm and suicide attempts in borderline personality disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Figuereo I. , Labad J. , González-Rodríguez A. , Santamaria M. , Cebrià A.I. , Vidal D. Palao , Monreal J.A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionBorderline personality disorder (BPD) has been characterized by mood instability, impulsive behavior and eventual dissociative and psychotic symptoms. Around 70% of patients present repeated self-injury behavior which is associated with high risk of completed suicide.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of group psychotherapy on the annual incidence of self-harm behavior and suicide attempts in BPD.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective longitudinal study by selecting BPD patients who received group psychotherapy during 2016. Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) or Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) psychotherapies were applied. Patients without any self-harm/suicidal attempt before the intervention, those with comorbid diagnosis and those who did not engage at least half of total sessions were excluded for final analyses. Number of self-harm events, suicide attempts and other clinical events were recorded and compared one-year before and one-year post-intervention. SPSS software version 21.0 (IBM) was used for statistical analyses. Nonparametric tests and Survival tests were performed.ResultsEight women out of 35 fulfilled our inclusion criteria. After group psychotherapy, a significant reduction in the number of self-harm events and suicidal attempts was found (mean 1.9+/-1.4 vs 0.5+/-1.1; p=0.042). Survival tests revealed significant differences in the occurrence of suicidal attempts. We did not find significant differences in the other clinical events.ConclusionsOur results show a clear effectiveness of group psychotherapy in reducing self-harm events and/or suicidal attempts in BPD patients. If these findings are confirmed in future studies including larger samples, group psychotherapy could be indicated for diminishing suicide risks in BPD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Association between hair loss severity and risk for later mental health problems in women irradiated for tinea capitis in childhood
Authors: Segal-Engelchin D. , Shvarts S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHair loss resulting from childhood irradiation for tinea capitis has been linked to mental health effects in women. However, the association of hair loss severity with mental health in this population is unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the association between hair loss severity and mental health outcomes in women irradiated for tinea capitis in childhood and to identify contributing factors to these outcomes.MethodsMedical records, held at the archives of Israel National Center for Compensation of Scalp Ringworm Victims, were retrospectively reviewed for 2509 women who received compensation for full or partial alopecia resulting from irradiation in childhood for tinea capitis. Mental health outcomes were determined by the number of mental health conditions reported.ResultsAmong women with high hair loss levels, risk was increased for a range of mental health problems, including depression symptoms, emotional distress, social anxiety, low self-esteem, and suicidal ideation. Hair loss severity emerged as a significant predictor of mental health, adding to the effects of other predictors such as family, and social and physical health problems. Effects of hair loss severity on mental health outcomes were mediated by women’s negative social experiences.ConclusionsHair loss severity is a significant risk factor for mental health problems in women irradiated for tinea capitis in childhood. Further research is needed to assess mental health risks among women with severe hair loss associated with additional diseases.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of a regional training program on peripartum depression in territorial psychiatric services
Authors: Sceusa F. , Mauro A. , Pompili S. , Orsolini L. , Volpe U. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe Unit of Clinical Psychiatry of the University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti – Ancona”, in collaboration with the Marche Region Health System, is conducting a national observational project entitled “Measures related to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and assistance of postpartum depressive syndrome”, aiming at promoting women’s Mental Health, particularly in pregnancy and peripartum period.ObjectivesThe primary objective is implementing all measures/interventions needed to promptly screening, early diagnosising, and supporting/caring women with mental health disease during pregnancy and peripartum period. A dedicated training program was performed by our clinical team belonging to the Peripartum Psychiatry Outpatient Service of the Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, at the University Hospital “Ospedali Riuniti”, Ancona, Italy, to a selected audience of Gynecologists/Obstetricians/Nurses/Psychologists/Psychiatrists/GPs and Pediatricians.MethodsThe training program is a 2-days residential course, held on 21-22th September, 2020. After the training program, all participants (n= 70) were asked to provide an informed consent and complete an online questionnaire to evaluate knowledge/opinions/experiences and clinical practices in the field of depression in pregnancy and postpartum.ResultsA 40-items questionnaire investigated: a) general attitude in performing screening of depression/anxiety during pregnancy; b) overall knowledge about peripartum depression; c) overall knowledge about management/treatment; d) how physicians manage patients with peripartum depression/anxiety (i.e., how they perform screening/diagnosis/treatment during pregnancy, their levels of knowledge/confidence about psychopharmacology in pregnancy).ConclusionsThe findings of the residential course may allow clinicians to adequately inform and help in drafting a preventive, screening and management program able to assist regional stakeholders in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and assistance of perinatal depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy on maternal perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Dachew B. , Alati R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionExisting evidence regarding the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and the risk of maternal mental illness is inconclusive.ObjectivesThis study aimed (i) to investigate the relationship between HDP (pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension) and the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and in the postpartum period and (ii) to test whether parity moderates the association between HDP and antenatal and postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of more than 8500 mothers who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK. Maternal antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI), respectively. Univariable and multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations.ResultsMothers with pre-eclampsia had a 53% (aOR= 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06-2.23) increased risk of antenatal depressive symptoms compared with those without pre-eclampsia. Having pre-eclampsia and being a nulliparous woman resulted in a 2.75 fold increased risk of antenatal depressive symptoms (p-value for interaction = 0.03). Gestational hypertension was associated with antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms. We found no associations between pre-eclampsia and/or gestational hypertension and postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsOur study showed that mothers with HDP were at higher risk of antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms. Nulliparous women with pre-eclampsia are a higher risk group for depression during pregnancy.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Conversion disorder in children and adolescents : Clinical features of pseudoneurological symptoms
Authors: Gadhoum R. , Daoud M. , Rhouma H. Ben , Salem S. Ben , Klaa H. , Kraoua I. , Turki I. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPseudoneurological symptoms are frequent among children consulting in neuropediatrics. Psychogenic origin is often unrecognized, which may cause a major disruption and an increase of medical care expenses.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify clinical features of pseudoneurological symptoms through patients admitted in neuropediatrics.MethodsA descriptive retrospective study of a population of 19 children and adolescents hospitalized in the neuropediatrics department at the National Institute of Neurology in Tunis, between January 2015 and April 2019, having recieved the diagnosis of psychogenic symptoms.ResultsTwelve girls and seven boys were included in this study.The averge age were 11.5 years. All patients had normal cogntive and motor development. In most cases (84%), patients had a history of somatic illness. Only three patients had a history of psychiatric disorders. Family history of somatic disorders was found in 42 % of the sample and psychiatric disorders in three patients. Negative pseudoneurological symptoms such as loss of function, were detected in 60 % of patients, paraparesis and paraplegia were the most recurrent. Only one patient had pseudo-epileptic symptoms. Further investigations were performed in all patients, averaging 4 tests per patient. The average term between the beginning of the symptoms and the established diagnosis of psychogenic symptoms was 72 days with an average stay at hospital of 4 to 7 days. All patients had conversion disorder according to DSM V.ConclusionsIt is recognized that somatization could be a warning sign of psychological distress mainly among children. Conversion disorder, rarely seen in children, presents frequently as pseudo neurological symptoms.
Depersonalization and a severe form of agoraphobia: A case report and review
Authors: Fernandes C. Pedro , Jorge B. , Freitas D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDepersonalization during panic attacks may be a feature of a subgroup of Panic disorder. Several studies suggest that such subgroup corresponds to a more clinically severe form of Panic Disorder, with earlier onset and a higher rate of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. It is also hypothesized that depersonalization during panic attacks may lead Panic disorder to evolve into Agoraphobia.ObjectivesTo present the case report of a patient with severe Agoraphobia, whose only symptom of Panic disorder was depersonalization.MethodsDescription of a case report.ResultsWe describe the case of a 20-year-old woman who developed Agoraphobia after a single panic attack, during a physical education class, at the age of 13, with depersonalization symptoms only. After the attack, the patient stopped playing sports and engaging in any kind of activity in the absence of a trusted person. At the age of 20, the patient will only travel alone in the immediacies of her home, sometimes missing classes, because she cannot get a ride from trusted acquaintances. She justifies such avoidances with her fear of feeling depersonalized again. Over the course of her illness, she denied having experienced any other symptoms of a panic attack. She was treated with Paroxetine 40mg daily and cognitive behavioral therapy, having improved.ConclusionsWe believe this case provides good insight into depersonalization in panic attacks, supporting the view that Panic disorder with depersonalization may be a distinct and more severe subgroup of Panic Disorder.
Prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 related anxiety among university students
Authors: Nikolaev E. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 is a disease with insufficiently studied diagnosis, therapy, and prevention that causes anxiety disorders in population.ObjectivesTo evaluate prevalence and correlates of COVID-19-related anxiety in university students during the period of their distant learning due to COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe on-line survey of May 2020 covered 327 Russian university students aged 17-40. The questions concerned evaluation of threats, risks and acute problems faced by the students and their closest people in the situation of COVID-19 spread. We determined the anxiety level of the students by the degree of their concern about high risk of COVID-19 infection.ResultsWe established that 17.1% of the students had maximal level of COVID-19-related anxiety that correlated with older age (r=.13), better academic performance (r=.12), expectation of higher COVID-19-related threat to their life (r=.57), to the closest people’s health (r=.44), to the aged people’s lives (r=.16). It correlated with a more serious approach to evaluating the COVID-19-related situation and dangers in the world (r=.19), in the country (r=.24), and in the region of their residence (r=.37). Students with a high anxiety level often saw in pandemic a threat to their way of life (r=.12), material wellbeing (r=.12), and plans for the future (r=.11). They more strictly obeyed the restrictions (r=.13) and they did not exclude a recurrence of COVID-19 type pandemics in the future (r=.17).ConclusionsCOVID-19 related anxiety is present in every sixth student and it correlates with older age and better academic performance. These students may have a high risk for depressive disorders.
Preoperative anxiety in patients admitted for brain surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Martinelli A. , Oteri V. , Crivellaro E. , Gigli F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionUp to 80% of patients scheduled for surgery experience preoperative anxiety, which may implicate perioperative psychological and physical discomforts. Several studies focused on this phenomenon in neurosurgical setting, still controversial evidence exists.ObjectivesOur aim is to synthesize this evidence, investigating prevalence, implications and therapy of preoperative anxiety in brain surgery patients.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of literature by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Data were extracted using the PICO framework. PRISMA guidelines were applied, and the risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 and ROBINS tools, as was the methodological quality of the included studies, following GRADE criteria; we excluded articles with serious risk of bias and/or low quality.ResultsWe included 27 articles, accounting for 2558 patients of twelve different countries. Prevalence of anxiety before brain surgery was up to 89%, reaching higher levels in women. Anxiety concerned mostly anesthesia and surgical outcome. No correlation emerged between level of anxiety and laterality, histological type of tumor or survival rate. Before surgery, anxious patients performed worse in cognitive tasks and had worse subjective evaluation of their cognitive abilities. After surgery, preoperative anxiety was associated with depression, longer hospitalization, increase of physical disability and lower quality of life. Effective approaches to reduce anxiety were acupuncture, music therapy, virtual reality and pharmacological support.ConclusionsPreoperative anxiety in brain surgery patients is a common experience that should not be underestimated to achieve a better perioperative care through early detection and adequate pharmacological or non-pharmacological management.
Are anxiety disorders a prelude to delusional disorder? A systematic review
Authors: Pedrero A. Alvarez , González-Rodríguez A. , Guàrdia A. , Delgado L. , Fucho G.F. , Acebillo S. , Monreal J.A. , Labad J. , Vidal D. Palao 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPrevalence rates of panic attacks have been reported to be around 24-63% in psychotic patients. Common underlying biological substrates for panic and paranoia have been proposed, suggesting that delusional disorder (DD) may be preceded by the development of anxiety disorders.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to investigate anxiety comorbidity in DD. As a second objective, we set ourselves to know prescription rates for the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders in the context of DD.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed (1980- September 2020) according to the PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used: (delusional disorder) AND (anxiety OR anxiety disorder OR anxi*). Research studies and case reports were included if they met the following criteria: DD diagnosis (DSM, ICD), publication in peer-review journal and investigations containing information on anxiety comorbidity in DD.ResultsFour studies fulfilled our criteria, including 155 patients: 65 (42%) women, mean age 42.7 years (SD:14.96). Thirty-three of the 155 patients (21.29%) presented at least one comorbid anxiety disorder: 14 specific phobias, 9 panic attacks, 5 social phobias and 2 agoraphobias. Treatment was not reported for many patients (n= 28). Four patients received fluoxetine and 1 patient benzodiazepines. All of them showed partial improvement of symptoms.ConclusionsLess than a third of DD patients showed an anxiety disorder. The effectiveness of antidepressant and benzodiazepine treatment has been poorly described. Future studies may be focused on the investigation of preceding comorbid anxiety disorders in patients with DD.