bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New perspectives of Microsentis wardae Martin & Multani, 1966 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper in California, with scanning electron microscopy images and energy dispersive X-ray analysis
Authors: Amin O. M. , Chaudhary A. , Singh H. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fully developed, sexually mature small male and female acanthocephalans, Microsentis wardae Martin & Multani, 1966 (Neoechinorhynchidae) reaching only 2.25 mm and 2.42 mm, respectively, were collected from the rectum of longjaw mudsuckers, Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper, in the salty marches of Anaheim Bay and San Diego Bay, California. Our specimens were half the size of those reported in the original description from the same host in Scammon's Lagoon over 700 km to the south. The ratio of proboscis and receptacle size to trunk size was markedly higher in our specimens compared to the larger specimens measured in the original description. The anatomy of all structures in our specimens from Anaheim Bay was comparable to that of the larger Scammon's Lagoon specimens that have apparently realized more growth in the Scammon's Lagoon. We have observed more structures that are not reported in the original description, especially evident from our scanning electron microscopy images, which are not possible to observe in the original line drawings. In our specimens, the micropores were unusually widely spaced and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed longitudinal hook sections with high levels of sulphur and phosphorus and moderate levels of calcium, but the whole hooks showed highest levels of sodium and magnesium – the biochemical hook signature of this species. Sequences of the small subunit (18S) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were generated and compared with acanthocephalan sequences available from GenBank. As M. wardae comprises a monotypic genus, therefore, phylogenetic analyses inferred from the 18S gene showed its relationship with other species of closely related genera of Eoacanthocephala. This is the first report of molecular data of M. wardae.
“Really this girl ought to be going to something better”: Rhoticity and social meaning in oral history data
Authors: Ryan Sadie Durkacz , Dann Holly , Drummond Rob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores the shift to non-rhoticity in Oldham (UK), using oral history interviews recorded in the 1980s, with speakers born between 1893 and 1929. We first account for the linguistic constraints on /r/ use and explore macro-level social patterns, where the women were more advanced in the change. We investigate this finding further using a modified version of the lectal focusing in interaction method (Sharma & Rampton 2015), tracking two speakers’ variation through the course of an interaction, and providing insight into the social meaning of rhoticity for these speakers. We suggest that, for them, rhoticity may be ideologically linked to tradition and older ways of life, and non-rhoticity may be ideologically linked to modernity and mobility, and the gender split may partly reflect the men and women's differing orientations to these concepts. We also evaluate the effectiveness of applying modern methods, such as LFI analysis, to archival data. (Rhoticity, social meaning, language variation and change, gender, sociophonetics)*
How the Media Uses the Phrase “Identity Politics”
Authors: Amira Karyn , Abraham Alexander 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe phrase “identity politics” has experienced a recent surge in political discourse. However, its meaning varies for highly informed political groups, leaving the term definitionally vague for the general public. Second-level agenda-setting theory can be used to explain how this phrase is communicated to the public by the mass media, a crucial disseminator of political information. We used a quantitative content analysis of major US publications to examine the frequency of this phrase’s use and how it is presented to audiences. We found a surge in mentions beginning in 2016. We also found that it is tied more to the political Left, but there also is a fair amount of linkage to the political Right. The phrase also is portrayed negatively. We advocate for using political communication theories to track emerging political terms in the future.
Navigating the Academic Book-Publishing Process
Authors: Saiya Nilay 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTMany younger scholars have experience writing research articles and grant proposals but know relatively little about academic book publishing. Graduate training often provides little guidance to students regarding how to navigate the academic book-publishing process. This is unfortunate given that book publishing differs dramatically from publishing research articles. Drawing on the author’s own experiences and conversations with editors, this article provides concrete advise for first-time authors who hope to publish a scholarly book with a university press. The specific topics discussed include crafting proposals, finding appropriate presses, reaching out to editors, the peer-review process, securing and negotiating contracts, and production.
Sequence of Multiple Slope Failures in the Headwall Area of the Giant Sahara Slide Complex at the NW African Continental Margin
Authors: Tang Q. , Geersen J. , Düring A. , Unverricht D. , Schneider von Deimling J. , Lenz K.‐F. , Li W. , Krastel S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSubmarine mega‐slides involving hundreds of cubic kilometers of slope material pose a major threat due to their potential to destroy offshore infrastructure and trigger devastating tsunamis. The Sahara Slide Complex affected about 50,000 km2 of the northwestern (NW) African continental margin. Previous studies focused either on its distal depositional zone or the uppermost headwall area, but failed in reconstructing the succession of individual slide events within the entire headwall area. New hydroacoustic data reveal a complex slide morphology including three main acoustic facies, large scale slide blocks, linear troughs, multiple glide planes and three major headwall scarps (the upper, southern and lower headwall). The evacuated slide scar hosts chaotic slide deposits that cover stratified sediments in the upper and southern headwall area, but are vertically stacked onto older slide deposits in the lower headwall area. Based on these observations, and dating of recently collected sediment samples, we reconstructed the history of slope failures that led to the formation of the structurally and morphologically complex headwall area of the Sahara Slide. Slope instability initiated when the lower headwall failed at ∼60 kyr, followed by the failure of the northeastern upper headwall at ∼14 kyr. Around 6 kyr, a major slide within the upper headwall area took place, followed by a series of smaller events within the southern and most‐proximal upper headwall area. The youngest of these slides occurred around 2 kyr. This scenario suggests a long‐lasting history of successive slope failures for the Sahara Slide Complex along the NW African continental slope.
Combining Dense Seismic Arrays and Broadband Data to Image the Subsurface Velocity Structure in Geothermally Active South‐Central Utah
Authors: Wells Daniel , Lin Fan‐Chi , Pankow Kristine , Baker Ben , Bartley John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSouth‐central Utah is characterized by Quaternary volcanism, current geothermal activity, and unusually high surface heat flux across the region. Additionally, there are three operating geothermal power plants in this region, known as the Sevier thermal area. This setting is very similar to that found in the Coso geothermal area. However, the source and lateral extent of subsurface heat in Utah is poorly understood. We use temporally separated geophone arrays combined with regional broadband data to perform ambient noise seismic tomography to study the subsurface shear velocity structure in the region. We find good recovery of ocean‐seism excited Rayleigh wave signals between the periods of 5 and 10 s. For each period, we measure the Rayleigh wave phase velocity and ellipticity across the region using the beamforming methodology and horizontal to vertical (H/V) amplitude ratio. Finally, we combine spline‐based 1D shear velocity models inverted using Rayleigh wave phase velocity and H/V measurements on a 2D, beamforming discretized grid to construct a final 3D model. The final 3D model has many similarities to imaged velocity models at the Coso geothermal area. We find a strong correlation between low velocity anomalies and high surface heat flux and geothermal activity. Additionally, we find a laterally continuous low‐velocity anomaly between 5 and 15 km depth, which may represent elevated temperature of hundreds of degrees Celsius, partial melt, and/or the presence of water, and a common heat source across the region which likely originates from the mantle.
Seasonal Cycle of Sea Surface Salinity in the Angola Upwelling System
Authors: Awo F. M. , Rouault M. , Ostrowski M. , Tomety F. S. , Da‐Allada C. Y. , Jouanno J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe seasonal cycle of sea surface salinity (SSS) along the Angolan coast is investigated using observations and a regional ocean model. The model reproduces the main characteristic of the seasonal cycle of SSS along the Angolan coast, such as the freshwater discharge signature off the Congo River plume and the low‐salinity observed in February/March and October/November along the Angolan coast. The model also reproduces the two maxima of salinity in June/July and December/January. The analysis of the model salt budget reveals that the semi‐annual cycle of SSS is controlled by the meridional advection of surface water, the vertical advection of subsurface water, and the mixing at the base of the mixed layer. The meridional advection is controlled by the Angola Current which brings low‐salinity water from offshore region of the Congolese coast toward the south Angolan coast in February/March and October/November. The vertical advection contribution is modulated by the vertical stratification of salinity and not by vertical velocities which peak during the main Angolan upwelling season. The vertical stratification is due to the low‐salinity intrusion at the Angolan coast that creates a strong vertical salinity gradient with low‐salinity at the surface and high salinity at the subsurface.
NANOG initiates epiblast fate through the coordination of pluripotency genes expression
Authors: Allègre Nicolas , Chauveau Sabine , Dennis Cynthia , Renaud Yoan , Meistermann Dimitri , Estrella Lorena Valverde , Pouchin Pierre , Cohen-Tannoudji Michel , David Laurent , Chazaud Claire 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe epiblast is the source of all mammalian embryonic tissues and of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. It differentiates alongside the primitive endoderm in a “salt and pepper” pattern from inner cell mass (ICM) progenitors during the preimplantation stages through the activity of NANOG, GATA6 and the FGF pathway. When and how epiblast lineage specification is initiated is still unclear. Here, we show that the coordinated expression of pluripotency markers defines epiblast identity. Conversely, ICM progenitor cells display random cell-to-cell variability in expression of various pluripotency markers, remarkably dissimilar from the epiblast signature and independently from NANOG, GATA6 and FGF activities. Coordination of pluripotency markers expression fails inNanogandGata6double KO (DKO) embryos. Collectively, our data suggest that NANOG triggers epiblast specification by ensuring the coordinated expression of pluripotency markers in a subset of cells, implying a stochastic mechanism. These features are likely conserved, as suggested by analysis of human embryos.
A bioinspired sequential energy transfer system constructed via supramolecular copolymerization
Authors: Han Yifei , Zhang Xiaolong , Ge Zhiqing , Gao Zhao , Liao Rui , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSequential energy transfer is ubiquitous in natural light harvesting systems to make full use of solar energy. Although various artificial systems have been developed with the biomimetic sequential energy transfer character, most of them exhibit the overall energy transfer efficiency lower than 70% due to the disordered organization of donor/acceptor chromophores. Herein a sequential energy transfer system is constructed via supramolecular copolymerization of σ-platinated (hetero)acenes, by taking inspiration from the natural light harvesting of green photosynthetic bacteria. The absorption and emission transitions of the three designed σ-platinated (hetero)acenes range from visible to NIR region through structural variation. Structural similarity of these monomers faciliates supramolecular copolymerization in apolar media via the nucleation-elongation mechanism. The resulting supramolecular copolymers display long diffusion length of excitation energy (> 200 donor units) and high exciton migration rates (~1014 L mol−1 s−1), leading to an overall sequential energy transfer efficiency of 87.4% for the ternary copolymers. The superior properties originate from the dense packing of σ-platinated (hetero)acene monomers in supramolecular copolymers, mimicking the aggregation mode of bacteriochlorophyll pigments in green photosynthetic bacteria. Overall, directional supramolecular copolymerization of donor/acceptor chromophores with high energy transfer efficiency would provide new avenues toward artificial photosynthesis applications.
Kir2.1-mediated membrane potential promotes nutrient acquisition and inflammation through regulation of nutrient transporters
Authors: Yu Weiwei , Wang Zhen , Yu Xiafei , Zhao Yonghui , Xie Zili , Zhang Kailian , Chi Zhexu , Chen Sheng , Xu Ting , Jiang Danlu , Guo Xingchen , Li Mobai , Zhang Jian , Fang Hui , Yang Dehang , Guo Yuxian , Yang Xuyan , Zhang Xue , Wu Yingliang , Yang Wei , Wang Di 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImmunometabolism contributes to inflammation, but how activated macrophages acquire extracellular nutrients to fuel inflammation is largely unknown. Here, we show that the plasma membrane potential (Vm) of macrophages mediated by Kir2.1, an inwardly-rectifying K+ channel, is an important determinant of nutrient acquisition and subsequent metabolic reprogramming promoting inflammation. In the absence of Kir2.1 activity, depolarized macrophage Vm lead to a caloric restriction state by limiting nutrient uptake and concomitant adaptations in nutrient conservation inducing autophagy, AMPK (Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase), and GCN2 (General control nonderepressible 2), which subsequently depletes epigenetic substrates feeding histone methylation at loci of a cluster of metabolism-responsive inflammatory genes, thereby suppressing their transcription. Kir2.1-mediated Vm supports nutrient uptake by facilitating cell-surface retention of nutrient transporters such as 4F2hc and GLUT1 by its modulation of plasma membrane phospholipid dynamics. Pharmacological targeting of Kir2.1 alleviated inflammation triggered by LPS or bacterial infection in a sepsis model and sterile inflammation in human samples. These findings identify an ionic control of macrophage activation and advance our understanding of the immunomodulatory properties of Vm that links nutrient inputs to inflammatory diseases.
Innate immune responses against the fungal pathogen Candida auris
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Zou Yun , Chen Xiaoqing , Li Hao , Yin Zhe , Zhang Baocai , Xu Yongbin , Zhang Yiquan , Zhang Rulin , Huang Xinhua , Yang Wenhui , Xu Chaoyue , Jiang Tong , Tang Qinyu , Zhou Zili , Ji Ying , Liu Yingqi , Hu Lingfei , Zhou Jia , Zhou Yao , Zhao Jingjun , Liu Ningning , Huang Guanghua , Chang Haishuang , Fang Wenxia , Chen Changbin , Zhou Dongsheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCandida auris is a multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogen responsible for nosocomial outbreaks worldwide. Although considerable progress has increased our understanding of the biological and clinical aspects of C. auris, its interaction with the host immune system is only now beginning to be investigated in-depth. Here, we compare the innate immune responses induced by C. auris BJCA001 and Candida albicans SC5314 in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that C. auris BJCA001 appears to be less immunoinflammatory than C. albicans SC5314, and this differential response correlates with structural features of the cell wall.
Defining the substrate envelope of SARS-CoV-2 main protease to predict and avoid drug resistance
Authors: Shaqra Ala M. , Zvornicanin Sarah N. , Huang Qiu Yu J. , Lockbaum Gordon J. , Knapp Mark , Tandeske Laura , Bakan David T. , Flynn Julia , Bolon Daniel N. A. , Moquin Stephanie , Dovala Dustin , Kurt Yilmaz Nese , Schiffer Celia A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoronaviruses can evolve and spread rapidly to cause severe disease morbidity and mortality, as exemplified by SARS-CoV-2 variants of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although currently available vaccines remain mostly effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants, additional treatment strategies are needed. Inhibitors that target essential viral enzymes, such as proteases and polymerases, represent key classes of antivirals. However, clinical use of antiviral therapies inevitably leads to emergence of drug resistance. In this study we implemented a strategy to pre-emptively address drug resistance to protease inhibitors targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, an essential enzyme that promotes viral maturation. We solved nine high-resolution cocrystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro bound to substrate peptides and six structures with cleavage products. These structures enabled us to define the substrate envelope of Mpro, map the critical recognition elements, and identify evolutionarily vulnerable sites that may be susceptible to resistance mutations that would compromise binding of the newly developed Mpro inhibitors. Our results suggest strategies for developing robust inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 that will retain longer-lasting efficacy against this evolving viral pathogen.
Cyclic microchip assay for measurement of hundreds of functional proteins in single neurons
Authors: Yang Liwei , Ball Avery , Liu Jesse , Jain Tanya , Li Yue-Ming , Akhter Firoz , Zhu Donghui , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that proteins carry out nearly all cellular functions and mark the differences of cells, the existing single-cell tools can only analyze dozens of proteins, a scale far from full characterization of cells and tissue yet. Herein, we present a single-cell cyclic multiplex in situ tagging (CycMIST) technology that affords the comprehensive functional proteome profiling of single cells. We demonstrate the technology by detecting 182 proteins that include surface markers, neuron function proteins, neurodegeneration markers, signaling pathway proteins, and transcription factors. Further studies on cells derived from the 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) model, validate the utility of our technology and reveal the deep heterogeneity of brain cells. Through comparison with control mouse cells, we have identified differentially expressed proteins in AD pathology. Our technology could offer new insights into cell machinery and thus may advance many fields including drug discovery, molecular diagnostics, and clinical studies.
Distribution equality as an optimal epidemic mitigation strategy
Authors: Hacohen Adar , Cohen Reuven , Efroni Sol , Bachelet Ido , Barzel Baruch 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUpon the development of a therapeutic, a successful response to a global pandemic relies on efficient worldwide distribution, a process constrained by our global shipping network. Most existing strategies seek to maximize the outflow of the therapeutics, hence optimizing for rapid dissemination. Here we find that this intuitive approach is, in fact, counterproductive. The reason is that by focusing strictly on the quantity of disseminated therapeutics, these strategies disregard the way in which this quantity distributes across destinations. Most crucially—they overlook the interplay of the therapeutic spreading patterns with those of the pathogens. This results in a discrepancy between supply and demand, that prohibits efficient mitigation even under optimal conditions of superfluous flow. To solve this, we design a dissemination strategy that naturally follows the predicted spreading patterns of the pathogens, optimizing not just for supply volume, but also for its congruency with the anticipated demand. Specifically, we show that epidemics spread relatively uniformly across all destinations, prompting us to introduce an equality constraint into our dissemination that prioritizes supply homogeneity. This strategy may, at times, slow down the supply rate in certain locations, however, thanks to its egalitarian nature, which mimics the flow of the pathogens, it provides a dramatic leap in overall mitigation efficiency, potentially saving more lives with orders of magnitude less resources.
Uplink OFDM detection with random multiple access
Authors: Salomon Amir J. , Salomon Benjamin G. , Amrani Ofer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing with Random multiple access (OFDRMA) is discussed for uplink communications, whereby several active users send information towards a single base-station (BS), while all other users are dormant. Originally, uplink communication methods included sharing the frequency resources among the active users in an orthogonal fashion, i.e., a central unit is required to dynamically allocate the resources. More recently, non-orthogonal methods have arisen, meaning that several active users share the same frequency bins, but they still do require a central unit to dynamically allocate the resources in a uniform (as possible) manner over the available bandwidth. The task and overhead required for managing the frequency allocations among the users can be quite cumbersome. In OFDRMA, the frequency allocations for any user are independent of the frequency allocations for the other users, and independent of which of the other users are currently active. Rather, OFDRMA relies on random, yet predetermined, allocation of frequency bins for each user, known only to that user and the BS. A multi-user detection approach is presented based on a graphical representation of the system. It is shown to provide robustness against the forced randomness of the scheme. Capacity of OFDRMA and its optimization are analyzed and provided in detail. Simulation results are provided for demonstrating the performance attainable with OFDRMA and the proposed detection scheme. Both the capacity and the simulations are compared with modern multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) schemes.