bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation Effects on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: A
Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies
Authors: Mylona Valina , Anagnostaki Eugenia , Chiniforush Nasim , Barikani Hamidreza , Lynch Edward , Grootveld Martin 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Stem cell therapy has been considered to play a paramount role in the treatment
modalities available for regenerative dentistry. The established beneficial effects of photobiomodulation
(PBM) at the cellular level have led to the combined use of these two factors (PBM and stem cells). The
main goal of this study was firstly to critically appraise the effects of PBM on periodontal ligament stem
cells (PDLSCs), and secondly to explore the most effective PBM protocols applied.

Methods:
Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar search engines were used to
identify experimental in vitro studies in which PBM was applied to cultured PDLSCs. After applying
specific keywords, additional filters, and inclusion/exclusion criteria, a preliminary number of 245 articles
were narrowed down to 11 in which lasers and LEDs were used within the 630 - 1064 nm wavelength
range. Selected articles were further assessed by three independent reviewers for strict compliance with
PRISMA guidelines, and a modified Cochrane risk of bias to determine eligibility.

Statistical Analysis:
The dataset analysed was extracted from the studies with sufficient and clearly presented
PBM protocols. Simple univariate regression analysis was performed to explore the significance of
contributions of potential quantitative predictor variables toward study outcomes, and a one-way ANOVA
model was employed for testing differences between the laser or LED sources of the treatments. The significance
level for testing was set at α = 0.05.

Results:
The proliferation rate, osteogenic differentiation, and expression of different indicative genes for
osteogenesis and inflammation suppression were found to be positively affected by the application of
various types of lasers and LEDs. With regard to the PBM protocol, only the wavelength variable appeared
to affect the treatment outcome; indeed, the 940 nm wavelength parameter was found not to exert
a favourable effect.

Conclusions:
Photobiomodulation can enhance the stemness and differentiation capacities of periodontal
ligament stem cells. Therefore, for PBM protocols, there remains no consensus amongst the scientific
community. Statistical analyses performed here indicated that the employment of a near-infrared (NIR)
wavelength of 940 nm may not yield a significant favourable outcome, although those within the 630 -
830 nm range did so. Concerning the fluence, it should not exceed 8 J/cm2 when therapy is applied by
LED devices, and 4 J/cm2 when applied by lasers, respectively.
Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) Isozymes as Potential Targets in Tobacco Condensate-
induced Colon Damage
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev K. , Khanduja Krishan L. , Yadav Subodh K. , Sharma Ujjawal , Avti Pramod , Rana Satyavati 
Published: May 2022

Aims:
To find out the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) isozymes as potential targets in tobacco
condensate-induced colon damage.

Background:
The effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation
of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its isozymes in colon cells, which are still unclear and emerging, are studied.

Objectives:
The study aimed to check the effect of CSC on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide.
Also, the effect of CSC on gene expression of different secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) was evaluated.
Moreover, the impact of inhibition of sPLA2 on various cell properties i.e. cell viability, cell proliferation, membrane
damage and free radicals’ generation is also studied.

Methods:
CSC-induced changes were evaluated in cell viability by MTT assay, followed by the evaluation of membrane
modulation by flow cytometry, free radical generation by fluorescent dyes, PLA2 isoforms gene expression patterns
and their suppression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) studied in HCT-15 male and HT-29 female colon cells

Result:
Our results demonstrate that HCT-15 and HT-29 cells treated with CSC significantly reduced the cell viability
by 50% within 48 h and significantly enhanced the total reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2 to 10-fold, and mitochondrial
ROS (mtROS) and superoxide radicals (SOR) by 2-fold each. Treatment with CSC significantly unregulated
secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) IID group and down-regulated IB and cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA2) IVA
groups in HCT-15 cells without affecting them in HT-29 cells. Silencing the sPLA2 IID group results in an increase in
cell viability and a decrease in ROS. Silencing the PLA2 IVA gene in the HCT-15 cells showed a reduced expression
which had no impact on the CSC-induced cell proliferation, membrane damage and free radicals (ROS, mtROS, and
SOR) generation.

Conclusion:
Therefore, identifying cell-specific sPLA2 isozymes seems to play a key role in controlling the ROSinduced
damage by CSC and helps develop specific therapeutic strategies.
Revisiting Purine Nucleoside Cholinesterase Inhibitors - An Experimental
Glycon Structure/Activity Relationship Study
Authors: Rauter Amélia Pilar , Cachatra Vasco , Oliveira Maria Conceição , Lopez Oscar , Fernandez-Bolaños José G. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
A new family of purine nucleoside cholinesterase inhibitors was disclosed
by us, with potency and selectivity over acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase controlled by
tuning structural and stereochemical features of nucleosides with perbenzylated glycosyl moieties.

Objective:
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new purine nucleosides were used to investigate
glycon protecting group pattern required for anticholinesterase activity and selectivity.

Method:
Regioselective chemistry to introduce methyl/benzyl groups in glycon donors and Nglycosylation
was used to acquire the target nucleosides. Evaluation of their biological potential and
selectivity as cholinesterase inhibitors was performed.

Results:
Synthetic strategies chosen resulted in high glycon donor's overall yield and regio- and
stereoselectivity was found in N-glycosylation reaction. Some of the new nucleosides are cholinesterase
inhibitors and selectivity for butyrylcholinesterase was also achieved.

Conclusion:
N-glycosylation reaction was stereoselective for the β-anomers while regioselectivity
was achieved for the N9 isomers when glycon positions 2 and 3 were methylated. Cholinesterase
inhibition was found when the 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-O-methyl pattern is present in the sugar moiety.
Amongst the new compounds, the two most promising ones showed micromolar inhibition (mixed
inhibition), being one of them selective for butyrylcholinesterase inhibition.
Antimicrobial, Pesticidal and Food Preservative Applications of
Lemongrass Oil Nanoemulsion: A Mini-Review
Authors: Balasubramanian Deepika , Girigoswami Agnishwar , Girigoswami Koyeli 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Essential oils that are extracted from plants have shown beneficial effects
on humans and animals, evidenced by traditional medicine. They possess many essential
phytocomponents that act as antimicrobial agents, and most of them are safe for external usage.

Introduction:
Lemongrass essential oil is extracted from the grass, such as Cymbopogon flexuosus,
and is used for antimicrobial activity for a long time. The efficacy of this oil is limited due
to the poor solubility and microbial penetration, easy vaporization, and lower stability. Nanoformulations
and nanoencapsulations are nanotechnology fields that aim to improve the bioavailability
of many natural compounds and enhance their stability. Lemongrass oil has also been
nanoformulated as nanoemulsion, and various antimicrobial activities against various pathogens
have been demonstrated, which are superior to free lemongrass oil.

Methodology:
We have used the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar for the mentioned
keywords and selected the recent references related to this topic.

Conclusion:
In this review, we have discussed various antimicrobial properties of lemongrass
essential oil nanoemulsion and its application, such as antibacterial, antifungal, pesticidal, food
preservative, and antibiofilm activity.
Ant-Colony-Algorithm-Based Intelligent Transmission Network Planning
Authors: Shah Mohd Asif , Yuan Jingzhong , Guo Jia , Xie Jinghai , Lu Shihua , Su Dongyu , Sun Mi 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The efficiency of wireless sensor networks is limited by limitations in energy
supply. Efficient routing strategies should be designed to save and balance the energy consumption of
each node in a wireless sensor network.

Aim:
In this study, a transmission network based on an ant colony algorithm was proposed to meet the
power load demands of a city.

Objective:
Based on the chaos ant colony algorithm, using a combination of wireless sensor network
and node residual energy factors, a neighbor selection strategy was proposed.

Results:
The optimal result was 1896, and additional lines were: N14-15= 2, N4-16= 1, N5-12= 2, N7-13=
L, N6-14= 1, N7-8. The coding method of solving transmission network planning based on multi-stage
and multi-dimensional control variables was employed to decompose each control variable into two
variables. The sum of total weight and non-zero bits was transformed into high-dimensional variables
in state transition probability.

Conclusion:
The key analysis showed that the ant colony algorithm, as a simulated evolutionary algorithm,
is an efficient internal heuristic method.
Assessment as Learning in Medical Education: Feasibility and Perceived Impact of Student-Generated Formative Assessments
Authors: Lakhtakia Ritu , Otaki Farah , Alsuwaidi Laila , Zary Nabil 
Published: May 2022

Background
Self-regulated learning (SRL) is gaining widespread recognition as a vital competency that is desirable to sustain lifelong learning, especially relevant to health professions education. Contemporary educational practices emphasize this aspect of undergraduate medical education through innovative designs of teaching and learning, such as the flipped classroom and team-based learning. Assessment practices are less commonly deployed to build capacity for SRL. Assessment as learning (AaL) can be a unique way of inculcating SRL by enabling active learning habits. It charges students to create formative assessments, reinforcing student-centered in-depth learning and critical thinking.

Objective
This study aimed to explore, from the learners’ perspectives, the feasibility and perceived learning impact of student-generated formative assessments.

Methods
This study relied on a convergent mixed methods approach. An educational intervention was deployed on a cohort of 54 students in the second year of a 6-year undergraduate medical program as part of a single-course curriculum. The AaL intervention engaged students in generating assessments using peer collaboration, tutor facilitation, and feedback. The outcomes of the intervention were measured through quantitative and qualitative data on student perceptions, which were collected through an anonymized web-based survey and in-person focus groups, respectively. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM), and qualitative inputs underwent thematic analysis.

Results
The students’ overall score of agreement with the AaL educational intervention was 84%, which was strongly correlated with scores for ease and impact on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis included prominent characteristics, immediate gains, and expected long-term benefits of engagement. The prominent characteristics included individuals’ engagement, effective interdependencies, novelty, and time requirements. The identified immediate gains highlighted increased motivation and acquisition of knowledge and skills. The expected long-term benefits included critical thinking, problem solving, and clinical reasoning.

Conclusions
As a form of AaL, student-generated assessments were perceived as viable, constructive, and stimulating educational exercises by the student authors. In the short term, the activity provided students with a fun and challenging opportunity to dive deeply into the content, be creative in designing questions, and improve exam-taking skills. In the long term, students expected an enhancement of critical thinking and the inculcation of student-centered attributes of self-regulated lifelong learning and peer collaboration, which are vital to the practice of medicine.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) en estudiantes universitarios argentinos
Authors: Eidman Leandro , Rodriguez de Behrends Marisa , Seif Gustavo 
Published: May 2022

La Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) es una escala que evalúa, de forma global, la capacidad en la disposición de una persona de estar atento y consciente de la experiencia del momento presente en la vida cotidiana. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de la MAAS en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Se diseñó un estudio no experimental, transversal, de tipo instrumental. La base epistemológica utilizada fue la psicometría clásica. La muestra no probabilística estuvo constituida por 895 adultos argentinos de población universitaria. La edad promedio fue de 26.32 (DE = 6.946, Mín = 18, Máx = 48). El 54 % (n = 483) eran mujeres y el 45.6 % (n = 408) eran varones. Los análisis psicométricos informaron que la escala posee una estructura unidimensional con validez y fiabilidad adecuada (α = .89). La escala cuenta con adecuada evidencia de validez de constructo y con excelentes puntuaciones de consistencia interna, lo que determina que es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar atención de conciencia plena en población de estudiantes universitarios argentinos.
Evaluando el amor compasivo en la pareja mexicana
Authors: Flórez Rodríguez Yanitza Nicole , Sánchez Aragón Rozzana 
Published: May 2022

El amor compasivo es un sentimiento desinteresado que se centra en favor del bien del prójimo. Sin embargo, a pesar de la popularidad del término, aun no existe un instrumento para su medición en la población mexicana dentro del contexto romántico. Por dicha razón, el propósito de esta investigación fue diseñar y validar un instrumento que integre adecuadamente el constructo del amor compasivo dentro de las relaciones de pareja en una muestra de 900 participantes de la ciudad de México. Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio con el fin de examinar la conformación factorial del instrumento. La escala se conformó por 33 reactivos agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 61.96 % de la varianza, un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de .973, una confiabilidad Omega de .976. Los hallazgos coinciden con fundamentos de las perspectivas teóricas del constructo y en su conjunto representa una contribución conceptual, metodológica y cultural al estudio de la variable en el contexto romántico.
Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kota Sungai Penuh Nomor 2 Tahun 2019 tentang Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah
Authors: Hasimi Sriningsih , Budhiartie Arrie , Fauzani Raharja Ivan 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah Kota Sungai Penuh Nomor 2 Tahun 2019 tentang Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah Kota Sungai Penuh; untuk mengetahui bagaimana kewenangan Pemerintah Kota Sungai Penuh dalam upaya pemberdayaan usaha Mikro, Kecil dan menengah dan bagaimana mekanisme perizinan terhadap Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dan adapun tata cara penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan Purposive Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui studi lapangan, data yang diperoleh langsung dari lapangan melalui responden. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Penulis merumuskan rumusan permasalahan bagaimana kewenangan Pemerintah Kota Sungai Penuh dalam upaya Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah dan bagaimana Mekanisme Perizinan terhardap Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Kota Sungai Penuh. Hasil penelitian yang penulis dapatkan Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Kota Sungai Penuh dalam Pelaksanaan Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah dilihat dari kriteria dan pelaksanaan pemberdayaan tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kriteria usaha yang tertera pada Peraturan Daerah menyebutkan bahwa kriteria yang masuk kedalam Usaha Kecil adalah yang mempunyai penghasilan bersih senyak lima puluh juta rupiah. Pada kenyataannya, pelaku Usaha Kecil yang terdaftar di Kota Sungai Penuh memiliki penghasilan bersih sebesar dua puluh juta rupiah. Mekanisme perizinan juga belum berjalan secara maksimal dikarenakan masih banyak pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah yang tidak mendaftarkan izin usaha.
Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah, Kewenangan, Perizinan.
Un análisis desde el marco de coaliciones promotoras para el caso de la acreditación de la calidad académica de programas de ingeniería en Costa Rica
Authors: Gallardo-Allen Eugenia , Jiménez-Picado María Marta 
Published: May 2022

El propósito de este artículo es examinar las relaciones entre el CFIA-AAPIA y el SINAES con respecto a la acreditación de la calidad de programas de ingeniería en Costa Rica. El estudio se realizó con los elementos presentes en el marco de coaliciones promotoras desarrollado por Jenkins y Sabatier (1988) para el análisis de políticas públicas, con el propósito de determinar cómo las creencias de los distintos actores y las coaliciones que se forman pueden afectar el contenido o cambio de una política. El principal resultado trata sobre cómo los recursos y las creencias de las coaliciones, que se configuran en la implementación de la política de calidad en la educación superior, puede influir en el cambio y convertirse en una limitante en los resultados de esta.
ante en los resultados de esta.
1000-P: The Effects of Neighborhood Characteristics on Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: NI JENNIFER , ADDALA ANANTA , WILSON DARRELL M. , PRAHALAD PRIYA 
Published: May 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in youth has become an increasingly pressing issue over the last two decades. Emerging data from adult studies show associations between T2D and neighborhood characteristics; less is known about these effects on the pediatric population. We performed a retrospective study on youth ages 7 to 21 years with T2D seen at our health care system from 1/1/20to 4/1/2021. Utilizing United States government databases, we categorized zip codes of the primary residences based on neighborhood risk factors: food deserts (paucity of healthy food) , food swamps (abundance of unhealthy food) , rural, medically underserved (shortage of primary health care services) , or low-risk. This study included 396 youth; 51% live in an area with at least one neighborhood risk factors. Compared to those living in low-risk neighborhoods (age 14.6 ± 2.6 years, A1c 9.2 ± 2.6 %) , youth living in rural areas tended to be younger at initial diagnosis (14.1 ± 2.9 years) with higher initial A1c (9.4 ± 2.6%) , though the effect size was smaller than what this study was powered to detect. Youth living in food deserts or medically underserved areas also tended to be younger at initial diagnosis (14.2 ± 2.6 years and 14.2 ± 2.9 years, respectively) compared to youth in low-risk neighborhoods. A better understanding of neighborhood risk factors may help to inform public health policies with the goal of mitigating the rise and severity of pediatric T2D.

Disclosure
J.Ni: None. A.Addala: None. D.M.Wilson: Advisory Panel; Tolerion, Inc., Other Relationship; Intrexom T1D Partners, Research Support; National Institutes of Health. P.Prahalad: None.
1001-P: BMI Changes in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes during COVID-Shelter-in-Place: The Role of Neighborhood Risk Factors
Authors: NI JENNIFER , PRAHALAD PRIYA , ADDALA ANANTA 
Published: May 2022

The California government imposed a shelter-in-place (SIP) order on 3/15/2020 to slow the spread of COVID-19. For many children and adolescents, particularly youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) , school closures led to major changes in daily routines, affecting physical activity levels and dietary choices. We performed a retrospective descriptive study on youth ages 7 to 21 years with T2D who were seen at our health care system at least one time in the year preceding SIP and again in the year after, allowing us to calculate change in BMI over time during SIP. Utilizing databases from the United States government, we examined the effects of living in an area with at least one risk factor (“food deserts” with a paucity of healthy food, “food swamps” with an abundance of unhealthy food, or rural regions) on BMI change compared to low-risk neighborhoods. We included 78 youth with T2D and 46% lived in at-risk areas. Overall, youth had a slight increase in BMI during SIP (0.± 0.2 kg/m2/month) . Youth living in at-risk areas had a rise in BMI during this time period (0.02 ± 0.2 kg/m2/month) , whereas youth in low-risk areas had a small drop in BMI (-0.± 0.2 kg/m2/month) . As this study was not powered to detect group differences, further investigation of neighborhood risk factors is needed to aid in tailoring community-level interventions to combat obesity in youth with T2D.

Disclosure
J.Ni: None. P.Prahalad: None. A.Addala: None.
1003-P: Incidence of Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Prior to and During COVID-Pandemic: A Meta-analysis
Authors: ALFAYEZ OSAMAH , ALFALLAJ JAWAHER , ALMUTAIRI ABDULAALI R. 
Published: May 2022

Aim: The COVID-pandemic has affected access to healthcare services worldwide, including the pediatric population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the risk of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) during the COVID-pandemic compared pre-pandemic era.
Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Elsevier Coronavirus Research Repository Hub were searched for relevant observational studies. Studies published as an abstract or in non-English language were excluded. The primary outcome is the risk of severe DKA among children with T1DM during the COVID-pandemic compared to the prior-to-COVID-group. The second outcome is the risk of severe DKA among children with newly diagnosed T1DM. A random meta-analysis model was performed using R version 4.0.4 to estimate the relative risk of severe DKA.
Results: A total of 18 studies were included in this metanalysis. Severe DKA risk was 76% (RR 1.76, 95%CI 1.33-2.33, I2=44%) higher during the COVID-pandemic than the pre-COVID-period. Among patients with newly diagnosed T1DM, the risk of severe DKA was 44% higher for the during-COVID-group (RR 1.44, 95%CI 1.26-1.65; I2=64%) . The bias assessment of the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) showed that all studies had quality indicators (&gt;7 points) . In addition, the results of Eager’s test did not show potential for publication bias.
Conclusions: This study showed that severe DKA risk had increased significantly during the COVID-pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Disclosure
O.Alfayez: None. J.Alfallaj: None. A.R.Almutairi: None.