bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and Safety Regulations for COVID-19: A Policy Analysis
Authors: Brosseau Lisa M , Jones Rachael M , Gardner Kate , Williams Spencer C , Henry Kimberly P , Sanders Denali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic spurred some regulators in the USA to require occupational health and safety programs to prevent COVID-19 transmission in workplaces. The objective of this study was to describe such state and federal regulations enacted between January 2020 and January 2022. Regulations, including emergency temporary standards (ETS) and permanent standards, were identified through a search of Nexis Uni and Bloomberg Law and review of US OSHA websites and the Federal Register. Full texts were reviewed for regulatory scope, hazard and exposure definitions, determination of exposure or risk levels, and control strategies. Four state (California, Michigan, Virginia, and Oregon) and two federal regulations were identified. All regulations described respiratory aerosols as the primary source of SARS-CoV-2 and recognized person-to-person transmission by droplet, airborne, and contact routes. Only the US OSHA ETS for healthcare explicitly stated that inhalation of respiratory particles was the most likely method of COVID-19 transmission. The Virginia, Michigan, and Oregon regulations described different categories of risk defined by exposure frequency and duration or specific workplace activities. California described exposure as places and times when employees come into contact or congregate with other people. The US OSHA ETS for healthcare described exposure as involving close contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. While all of the state regulations required strategies from across the hierarchy, only the Virginia regulations specifically incorporated the hierarchy of controls. Only the California and Virginia regulations explicitly linked control strategies to the transmission route, while Virginia demarcated control strategies by risk level. Oregon linked risk level to occupancy levels and physical distancing requirements and referred to the use of a layered approach for transmission control. The US OSHA ETS for healthcare defined droplet and airborne precautions but made no mention of the hierarchy of controls or risk levels. Respirators were discussed in most of the regulations. The first Michigan regulation explicitly required respirators appropriate to exposure risk. The California regulations noted that respirators protect the wearer while face coverings protect people around the wearer. These regulations offer insights for a permanent US OSHA infectious disease regulation, such as the need to consider a range of transmission modes including near- and far-range aerosol inhalation, endemic and novel pathogens, workplaces beyond healthcare settings, factors that contribute to exposure and risk, the hierarchy of controls, the role of vaccination, and the importance of written exposure assessment and infection prevention plans.
Inference after latent variable estimation for single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Neufeld Anna , Gao Lucy L , Popp Joshua , Battle Alexis , Witten Daniela 
Published: December 2022

Summary
In the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data, researchers often characterize the variation between cells by estimating a latent variable, such as cell type or pseudotime, representing some aspect of the cell’s state. They then test each gene for association with the estimated latent variable. If the same data are used for both of these steps, then standard methods for computing p-values in the second step will fail to achieve statistical guarantees such as Type 1 error control. Furthermore, approaches such as sample splitting that can be applied to solve similar problems in other settings are not applicable in this context. In this article, we introduce count splitting, a flexible framework that allows us to carry out valid inference in this setting, for virtually any latent variable estimation technique and inference approach, under a Poisson assumption. We demonstrate the Type 1 error control and power of count splitting in a simulation study and apply count splitting to a data set of pluripotent stem cells differentiating to cardiomyocytes.
Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression Reflects Mucosal Inflammation and Subsequent Relapse in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Takagi Tomohisa , Mizushima Katsura , Hirai Yasuko , Asaeda Kohei , Sugaya Takeshi , Kajiwara-Kubota Mariko , Kashiwagi Saori , Minagawa, Yuki , Hotta Yuma , Tanaka Makoto , Inoue Ken , Katada Kazuhiro , Kamada Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Takeshi , Yasuda Hiroaki , Konishi Hideyuki , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 [MAdCAM-1] is upregulated in the vascular endothelium of the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis [UC]. Although the association between MAdCAM-1 expression and mucosal inflammation has been discussed, the association with the clinical course of UC patients has not been reported. In this study we investigated not only the association between mucosal MAdCAM-1 expression and mucosal inflammation, but also its association with subsequent relapse in UC patients with clinical remission.

Methods
Eighty UC patients in remission who visited Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine for follow-up for 2 years were included. Biopsy samples were collected during colonoscopy, and transcriptional expression levels of UC-related cytokines and MAdCAM-1 were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. MAdCAM-1 mRNA expression and protein expression by immunohistochemistry were compared in patients who subsequently relapsed and those who remained in remission and were examined in relation to endoscopic findings, histological activity and cytokine expression.

Results
MAdCAM-1 expression was correlated with endoscopic severity, and significantly elevated in histologically active mucosa than inactive mucosa. Furthermore, MAdCAM-1 expression levels were closely correlated with those of several cytokines. MAdCAM-1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in the relapse group than in the remission group, indicating that MAdCAM-1 expression in the mucosa is already elevated in UC patients in clinical remission who subsequently relapse.

Conclusions
MAdCAM-1 expression in the colonic mucosa of UC patients is related to mucosal inflammation and subsequent relapse; it may serve as a marker for both relapse and therapeutic effectiveness in UC.
Influence of age at surgery on left ventricular strain in patients with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery
Authors: Kakarla Saikiran , Sasikumar Deepa , Varma Ravi Prasad , Kurup Harikrishnan K N , Gopalakrishnan Arun , Nair Krishna Kumar Mohanan , Dharan Baiju S , Krishnamoorthy Kavasseri M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Myocardial strain abnormalities are described after surgical repair of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) even after recovery of ventricular function. The factors that predispose to the presence of these strain abnormalities in the presence of normal ventricular function are unknown. The aim of this study was to find out whether the age at repair influences the presence of global and regional strain abnormalities on follow-up.

METHODS
Repaired ALCAPA patients from a single centre (n = 40) with good ventricular ejection fraction on follow-up were recruited. Baseline and follow-up data were collected from electronic records. Global and regional myocardial strain assessment was done by speckle tracking echocardiography prospectively. The association between age at repair and strain abnormalities on follow-up was analysed.

RESULTS
The patients who presented earlier had significantly worse ventricular function pre-operatively compared to older patients (P &lt; 0.0005). Global longitudinal strain was abnormal in 40% of patients with normal ventricular ejection fraction on follow-up. Presence of longitudinal strain abnormalities was more in patients who underwent repair at older age than in those who were repaired earlier (P &lt; 0.0005). The probability of having normal longitudinal strain on follow-up was 81.6% if surgery was done before 7.8 months of age. If operated before 6 months, the odds of having normal myocardial strain was 11 times higher. Regional strain abnormalities of varying severity were present in all patients in the left and in some patients in the right coronary artery territories.

CONCLUSIONS
Older age at ALCAPA repair is associated with increased incidence of myocardial strain abnormalities. Regional strain abnormalities were found in both left and right coronary artery territories.
Associations of multidimensional fatigue with the physical, psychological, and situational factors in outpatients with heart failure: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Higa Hiroko , Lennie Terry A , Chung Misook L , Tsuchihashi-Makaya Miyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Fatigue, a distressing symptom in patients with heart failure (HF), is associated with progress and health outcomes. Fatigue has been identified as having multidimensions, but a few studies have used a multidimensional fatigue scale. Many factors related to HF, including physical, psychological, and situational factors, may impact fatigue. However, there is limited knowledge about how these HF-related factors are associated with multidimensional fatigue in outpatients with HF in Japan. The aim of this study was to identify HF-related factors [physical; clinical characteristics, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and physical function, psychological; depressive symptoms and anxiety, situational; health literacy and perceived control] associated with the five dimensions of fatigue in outpatients with HF.

Methods and results
Outpatients with HF (N = 165, mean age = 69.5 years, 78.8% male) completed the survey and physical assessment of gait speed. Fatigue was assessed using five dimensions of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted for each dimension of fatigue. General fatigue was predicted by age, NYHA, and perceived control. Physical fatigue was predicted by NYHA, depressive symptoms, and perceived control. Reduced activity was predicted by NYHA, gait speed, depressive symptoms, communicative health literacy, and critical health literacy. The reduced motivation was predicted by depressive symptoms and perceived control. Mental fatigue was predicted by depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Different factors were significantly associated with each fatigue dimension. Further research is needed to alleviate fatigue in patients with HF.
Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics reveal broadly distributed, active, novel methanotrophs in the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone and in the marine water column
Authors: Howe Kathryn L , Seitz Kiley W , Campbell Lauren G , Baker Brett J , Thrash J Cameron , Rabalais Nancy N , Rogener Mary-Kate , Joye Samantha B , Mason Olivia U 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) hypoxic zone is a shallow water environment where methane, a potent greenhouse gas, fluxes from sediments to bottom water and remains trapped due to summertime stratification. When the water column is destratified, an active planktonic methanotrophic community could mitigate the efflux of methane, which accumulates to high concentrations, to the atmosphere. To investigate the possibility of such a biofilter in the nGOM hypoxic zone we performed metagenome assembly, and metagenomic and metatranscriptomic read mapping. Methane monooxygenase (pmoA) was an abundant transcript, yet few canonical methanotrophs have been reported in this environment, suggesting a role for non-canonical methanotrophs. To determine the identity of these methanotrophs, we reconstructed six novel metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) in the Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota and one putative Latescibacterota, each with at least one pmoA gene copy. Based on ribosomal protein phylogeny, closely related microbes (mostly from Tara Oceans) and isolate genomes were selected and co-analyzed with the nGOM MAGs. Gene annotation and read mapping suggested that there is a large, diverse and unrecognized community of active aerobic methanotrophs in the nGOM hypoxic zone and in the global ocean that could mitigate methane flux to the atmosphere.
Genome assembly of Thaumatotibia leucotreta, a major polyphagous pest of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bierman Anandi , Karsten Minette , Terblanche John S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The false codling moth (FCM; Thaumatotibia leucotreta, Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a highly polyphagous, major agricultural pest indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. With growing international trade, there is an increasing concern about introducing this pest into other countries. In South Africa, FCM poses a risk to multiple crops, and is currently suppressed through a combination of chemical, microbial, cultural, augmentative biological control, and the sterile insect technique. Compared with other lepidopteran agricultural pests, such as codling moth Cydia pomonella, genetic and other -omic resources for FCM have not been as well developed and/or not made publicly available to date. The need to develop genomic resources to address questions around insecticide resistance, chemosensory capabilities, and ultimately, develop novel control methods (e.g. gene editing) of this pest is highlighted. In this study, an adult male was sequenced using long-read PacBio Sequel II reads and Illumina NextSeq short reads and assembled using a hybrid assembly pipeline and Pilon error correction. Using the chromosome-level genome assembly of Cy. pomonella, we performed comparative analysis, arranged FCM scaffolds to chromosomes, and investigated genetic variation related to insecticide resistance and chemosensory capabilities. This work provides a platform upon which to build future genomic research on this economically important agricultural pest.
Third Places for Older Adults’ Social Engagement: A Scoping Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Sugiyama Masaaki , Chau Hing-Wah , Abe Takumi , Kato Yusuke , Jamei Elmira , Veeroja Piret , Mori Kazuhiko , Sugiyama Takemi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Neighborhood places that facilitate older residents to meet and interact (third places) receive an increasing research interest as studies have consistently shown the benefits of social engagement for older adults’ health. This scoping review synthesized the findings of studies examining the role of third places in older adults’ social engagement.

Research Design and Methods
Searching 5 databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science) in October 2021, this study identified quantitative and qualitative studies that examined the relationships between third places and social engagement (interaction and network) among older adults.

Results
A total of 32 studies (12 quantitative and 20 qualitative studies) met the eligibility criteria. These studies examined 4 types of third place, namely, community facilities, local businesses, open/green spaces, and transition spaces. More than two thirds of the studies reviewed found that access to community facilities, local businesses, and open/green spaces were related to older adults’ social interaction. For the relationships between third places and social networks, the importance of accessible local businesses and the quality of open/green spaces was supported by fewer studies.

Discussion and Implications
The findings of quantitative and qualitative studies suggest that local places that are convenient to visit and comfortable to stay in for older adults are likely to enhance their social interaction and network. However, more specific evidence is needed to inform the planning and design of third places. The review discusses future research topics that address the gaps identified in the current literature.
Localized adaptive waveform inversion: theory and numerical verification
Authors: Yong Peng , Brossier Romain , Métivier Ludovic , Virieux Jean 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYCorrectly interpreting phase events thanks to data processing techniques based on correlation or deconvolution has been the focus of numerous studies in the field of high-resolution seismic imaging using full-waveform inversion. To mitigate the non-convexity of the misfit function and the risk to converge towards non-informative local minima, correlation and deconvolution techniques make it possible to focus on phase information instead of amplitude information and to design more convex misfit function, alleviating the dependency of the full-waveform inversion process on the accuracy of initial models. Such techniques however rely on the assumption that phase events can be compared one by one, or that all the phase events are shifted in time in a similar way. This assumption is not satisfied in practice, which limits the effectiveness of these correlation/deconvolution-based methods. To overcome this issue, we propose to account for the non-stationary relation between observed and predicted data through a local in-time deconvolution technique, based on time–frequency analysis of the signal using a Gabor transform. This makes it possible to estimate instantaneous time-shift between locally coherent phase events. This strategy generalizes the conventional normalized deconvolution technique, which has been popularized under the name of adaptive waveform inversion. To support the introduction of our novel method, we compare it with four misfit functions based respectively on classical cross-correlation, penalized cross-correlation, penalized deconvolution, and adaptive waveform inversion. We analyse the behaviour of these methods on specific scenarios, and then propose a comparison on 2-D synthetic benchmarks. We show how our ‘localized’ adaptive waveform inversion applies in these realistic tests and overcomes some of the limitations of the aforementioned techniques.
Estimating the burden of disease attributable to high ambient temperature across climate zones: methodological framework with a case study
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Hansen Alana , Varghese Blesson M , Dear Keith , Tong Michael , Prescott Vanessa , Dolar Vergil , Gourley Michelle , Driscoll Timothy , Zhang Ying , Morgan Geoffrey , Capon Anthony , Bi Peng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
With high temperature becoming an increasing health risk due to a changing climate, it is important to quantify the scale of the problem. However, estimating the burden of disease (BoD) attributable to high temperature can be challenging due to differences in risk patterns across geographical regions and data accessibility issues.

Methods
We present a methodological framework that uses Köppen–Geiger climate zones to refine exposure levels and quantifies the difference between the burden observed due to high temperatures and what would have been observed if the population had been exposed to the theoretical minimum risk exposure distribution (TMRED). Our proposed method aligned with the Australian Burden of Disease Study and included two parts: (i) estimation of the population attributable fractions (PAF); and then (ii) estimation of the BoD attributable to high temperature. We use suicide and self-inflicted injuries in Australia as an example, with most frequent temperatures (MFTs) as the minimum risk exposure threshold (TMRED).

Results
Our proposed framework to estimate the attributable BoD accounts for the importance of geographical variations of risk estimates between climate zones, and can be modified and adapted to other diseases and contexts that may be affected by high temperatures.

Conclusions
As the heat-related BoD may continue to increase in the future, this method is useful in estimating burdens across climate zones. This work may have important implications for preventive health measures, by enhancing the reproducibility and transparency of BoD research.
Affinity of cefotiam for the alternative penicillin binding protein PBP3SAL used by Salmonella inside host eukaryotic cells
Authors: Cestero Juan J , Castanheira Sónia , González Henar , Zaragoza Óscar , García-del Portillo Francisco 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Following the invasion of eukaryotic cells, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium replaces PBP2/PBP3, main targets of β-lactam antibiotics, with PBP2SAL/PBP3SAL, two homologue peptidoglycan synthases absent in Escherichia coli. PBP3SAL promotes pathogen cell division in acidic environments independently of PBP3 and shows low affinity for β-lactams that bind to PBP3 such as aztreonam, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and cefalotin.

Objectives
To find compounds with high affinity for PBP3SAL to control Salmonella intracellular infections.

Methods
An S. Typhimurium ΔPBP3 mutant that divides using PBP3SAL and its parental wild-type strain, were exposed to a library of 1520 approved drugs in acidified (pH 4.6) nutrient-rich LB medium. Changes in optical density associated with cell filamentation, a read-out of blockage in cell division, were monitored. Compounds causing filamentation in the ΔPBP3 mutant but not in wild-type strain—the latter strain expressing both PBP3 and PBP3SAL in LB pH 4.6—were selected for further study. The bactericidal effect due to PBP3SAL inhibition was evaluated in vitro using a bacterial infection model of cultured fibroblasts.

Results
The cephalosporin cefotiam exhibited higher affinity for PBP3SAL than for PBP3 in bacteria growing in acidified LB pH 4.6 medium. Cefotiam also proved to be effective against intracellular Salmonella in a PBP3SAL-dependent manner. Conversely, cefuroxime, which has higher affinity for PBP3, showed decreased effectiveness in killing intracellular Salmonella.

Conclusions
Antibiotics with affinity for PBP3SAL, like the cephalosporin cefotiam, have therapeutic value for treating Salmonella intracellular infections.
Wind turbine maximum power point tracking control based on unsupervised neural networks
Authors: Muñoz-Palomeque Eduardo , Sierra-García J Enrique , Santos Matilde 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The main control goal of a wind turbine (WT) is to produce the maximum energy in any operating region. When the wind speed is under its rated value, the control must aim at tracking the maximum power point of the best power curve for a specific WT. This is challenging due to the non-linear characteristics of the system and the environmental disturbances it is subjected to. Direct speed control (DSC) is one of the main techniques applied to address this problem. In this strategy, it is necessary to design a speed controller to adjust the generator torque so to follow the optimum generator speed. In this work, we improve the DSC by implementing this speed controller with a radial basis function neural network (NN). An unsupervised learning algorithm is designed to tune the weights of the NN so it learns the control law that minimizes the generator speed error. With this proposed unsupervised neural control methodology, the electromagnetic torque that allows the optimal power extraction is obtained, and thus the best power coefficient (${C}_\mathrm{p}$) values. The proposal is tested on the OpenFAST non-linear model of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1.5 MW WT. Simulation results prove the good performance of this neuro-control approach as it maintains the WT variables into the appropriate range and tracks the rated operation values. It has been compared with the controller included in OpenFAST giving up to 7.87% more power.