bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Related to Sex Education Styles of Mothers to Educate Their Children In Iranian-Islamic Culture
Authors: Nesfchi Elnaz Faraji , Pouralizadeh Moluk , Khalesi Zahra Bostani , Maroufizadeh Saman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
IntroductionSex education supports the development of suitable sexual behaviors in children. This study aimed to investigate the sex education styles and the related factors in a community of Iranian mothers.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, from March to May 2021, 306 mothers with a 4-12-year-old child who were referred to all of the comprehensive health service centers in Rasht city were entered into the study. The tool was the questionnaire of parents' sex education styles with three dimensions strict, permissive and authoritative style. ResultsThe majority of the mothers had a mean age of 36.2±6.4 years. Score of authoritarian sex education style was significantly higher than the other styles (P <0.001). There was a significant relationship between the sex education styles with child's gender, type of school, parent's educational status, marital status, number of children, child's birth rank, parent's educational status, financial status, ethnicity, parent’s supervision on the child's technology use, parent’s participation in sex education training, and source of parent's information (p <0.05). ConclusionThe results showed the authoritative style was a dominant sex education style. Identifying the factors associated with types of child sex education styles has an important role in promoting the health of children and the community.
Anti-ENA Antibodies, ANA Patterns, Anti-ds DNA results, and Clinical Diagnosis: A Laboratory and Clinical Audit.
Authors: Anis Sabiha , Fatima Areej , Jabbar Sidra Abdul , Arain Tayyab 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background:The diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is challenging, due to overlapping features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) /anti-cellular antibodies are the sensitive screening tests but anti-double-stranded-deoxyribonucleic-acid-antibody (anti-ds-DNA), and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) are specific for AIDs. We aimed to look at anti-ENA in our patients and correlated them with ANA patterns, anti-ds-DNA and clinical diagnosis for proper interpretation and better patient management cost-effectively. Methods:A retrospective data analysis of 654 patients was done (1st-February-2019 to 31st –July-2021) who were tested for anti-ENA at the Immunology Department of Indus Hospital and Health Network. ANA and anti-ds-DNA results and clinical diagnosis were also analyzed for anti-ENA-positive patients. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 24.0, P < 0.05.was considered statistically significant.Results:Anti-ENA was positive for at least one autoantibody in 245 (38.2%). ANA was positive in 97% of these patients (P=0.000) with speckled and homogenous as most predominant ANA patterns (63% and 33% respectively). Anti-SSA was the most common anti-ENA (n=50%) followed by anti-histones (23%), anti-Sm/RNP (26%), anti-nucleosome (22%). Among ANA-negative patients, anti-SSA was most common (n=5). Anti-ds-DNA was found in 66% of SLE patients. 14% of patients did not have a confirmed diagnosis before anti-ENA testing.Conclusions: Anti-ENA, ANA, and anti-ds-DNA antibodies are essential for AID diagnosis. However, their testing repertoire should follow an algorithm comprising of clinical features, followed by ANA results with nuclear, mitotic, and cytoplasmic patterns, anti-ENA, and anti-ds-DNA for a more meaningful, and cost-effective diagnostic approach.
Characteristics of continuous attention to visual and auditory channels of children aged 12-14 years: An ERP study
Authors: Yu Bingbing , Wang Enguo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vision and auditory are the main channels for people to obtain information.Children's cognitive processing such as reading, calculation and thinking all depend on the participation of continuous attention, which is the guarantee for many cognitive processing processes to proceed smoothly. The characteristics and neural mechanism of continuous attention of children's visual and auditory channels are not clear. In this study, children aged 12 to 14 were tested using the method of Event-Related Potentials, CNV using an experimental paradigm, subjects were investigated visual and auditory channel of sustained attention in the process.The results showed that children aged 12 to 14 to keep the capacity is in rapid development period, from behavioral data, visual reaction channel relative to the auditory channel significantly delayed, visual channel P300 amplitude was significantly greater than the auditory channel.The results suggest that the visual channel needs to pay more cognitive resources. From the late CNV component, the average volatility of the auditory channel is significantly greater than the visual channel, auditory channel of sustained attention capacity significantly better than the visual channel.
PCSK9 dysregulates cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride metabolism in olanzapine-induced hepatic steatosis via both receptor -dependent and -independent pathways
Authors: Zhu Wenqiang , Huang Piaopiao , Li Rong , Ran Juanli , Dai Wen , Tang Yaxin , Lian Pingan , Ding Chen , huang xiansheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Long-term olanzapine treatment reportedly induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) degrades low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis via unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of PCSK9 in olanzapine-induced NAFLD.METHODS The mice model of olanzapien drives NAFLD was developed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of PCSK9 in terms of hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride metabolism in vivo. In vitro, rhPCSK9 protein and transient transfection of plasmid (SREBP1c and PCSK9 overexpression) and siRNA (SREBP1c siRNA, PCSK9 siRNA) were used to probe the specific molecular mechanism of PCSK9 in olanzapine-induced hepatic steatosis. The mRNA and protein exprssion of lipid-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively, and protein expression in liver sections and cell lines was investigated using immunofluorescence.RESULTS Olanzapine increased PCSK9 expression by upregulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), which upregulated NCP1L1 promoting hepatocyte cholesterol intake. Olanzapine-mediated PCSK9 upregulation also increased the mRNA expression of factors involved in hepatic lipid synthesis (FAS, SCD1, and ACL), lipid uptake (FATP1), and cholesterol synthesis (HMGCR, HMGCS, and CYP51A1) but decreased that of factors involved in lipid oxidation (SCAD and PPARα), both of which contribute toward hepatic steatosis.CONCLUSION Our study, for the first, systematically analyzed the role of PCSK9 in olanzapine-induced NAFLD via both receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. We revealed that olanzapine enhances hepatic SREBP-1c expression, thereby increasing PCSK9 levels. This upregulates NPC1L1 and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, particularly those related to de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis. Thus, PCSK9 could serve as a target for the development of NAFLD therapies in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, our findings suggest that PCSK9 inhibitors may have additional clinical benefits beyond treating cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, our study has several limitations, such as the lack of PCSK9-knockout mice, which could be conducive to unraveling the exact mechanisms underlying PCSK9-mediated effects on NPC1L1 and genes related to lipid metabolism, which require further investigation.
Stereoselective C–O Silylation and Stannylation
Authors: Hu Ying , Peng Jiali , Hu Binjing , Wang Jixin , Jing Jing , Lin Jie , Liu Xingchen , Qi Xiaotian , Li Jie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
On the basis of umpolung strategy, a practical preparation of stereoselective tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenyl silanes and stannanes by performing cobalt-catalyzed cross-coupling between readily available alkenyl acetates and solid Me2PhSi‒ZnOPiv•Li2(Cl)(OPiv), as well as (nBu)3Sn‒ZnCl•LiCl under remarkably mild reaction conditions has been developed. In this reaction, direct C‒O bond silylation and stannylation character by their complete control of chemoselectivity, stereoselectivity, as well as excellent functional group compatibility, thus providing an expedient route to prepare tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenyl silanes and stannanes. The resulting polysubstituted alkenyl silanes and stannanes show high reactivity in arylation and alkenylation by Hiyama and Stille reactions. The synthetic utility of our protocol was further illustrated by the facile late-stage modifications of natural products and druglike molecules. Detailed mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves a chelation-assisted oxidative insertion of cobalt species to C‒O bond. We anticipate that our findings should prove instrumental for potential applications of this technology to organic syntheses and drug discoveries in medicinal chemistry.
High-Strength and High-Resilience PVA+AgNW/PDMS Co-Continuous Nanocomposite for Reusable Shock Absorbers
Authors: Kim Jongbeom , Al-Rub Rashid K. Abu , Han Seung Min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A 3D co-continuous polymer nanocomposite with high strength and high recoverability is demonstrated. This nanocomposite used hard-core-soft-matrix design which is suitable for obtaining the optimal strength. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was freeze-dried together with silver nanowires (AgNW) to fabricate a 3D porous structure as hard-core phase, which was then filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as soft-matrix phase via vacuum infiltration. The PVA + AgNW nanocomposite served as the hard core, with PDMS as the soft matrix, with this hard core-soft matrix design allowing for a combination of the excellent strength of the nanocomposite and the resilience of the PDMS. The addition of AgNWs strengthened the modulus of the freeze-dried structure over the 3 times and the comparison with the Halpin-Tsai model is indicated of AgNWs were well dispersed into the wall of the 3D structure. The vertical pore alignment of the freeze-dried structure resulted in an increased the strength. In addition, incorporation of hard core-soft matrix significantly increased the strength of the 3D nanocomposite up to 3.5 times that of the PDMS as a result of the co-continuous incorporation of hard and soft phases with well distributed 3D interfaces that also hindered crack propagation. Therefore, the PVA + AgNW 3D porous structure contributed by strengthening and toughening of the entire composite, resulting in increasing energy loss coefficients of nanocomposites, which showed good shock absorbance.
Machine learning algorithms for predicting days of high incidence with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Shimada-Sammori Kaoru , Shimada Tadanaga , Miura Rie E. , Kawaguchi Rui , Yamao Yasuo , Oshima Taku , Oami Takehiko , Tomita Keisuke , Shinozaki Koichiro , Nakada Taka-aki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Predicting out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) events might contribute to the improvement of OHCA patients’ outcomes. We hypothesized that machine learning algorithms using meteorological and chronological information would predict high OHCA incidence.Methods: We used the large Japanese population-based repository database of OHCA and weather information. The data of Tokyo (2005-2012) were used as the training (derivation) cohort and the data of the top six most populated prefectures of Japan (2013-2015) as the testing (validation) cohorts. Eight machine learning, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were used. The primary outcome was high-incidence days, defined as the daily events exceeding 75% tile of our dataset in Tokyo between 2005-2015. In addition, we used the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to evaluate the contribution of each feature to the model. Secondly, we compared the daily OHCA incidence between the elderly and non-elderly patients to determine the impact of meteorological and chronological information. Results: The training cohort included 96,597 OHCA patients. In the primary analysis of the training cohort, eight machine learning models achieved an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) above 0.89. Among these, XGBoost had the highest AUROC of 0.906 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.868–0.944). In the test cohorts, the XGBoost prediction algorithms had the similarily high AUROC values (Tokyo 0.923, Kanagawa 0.882, Osaka 0.888, Aichi 0.889, Saitama 0.879, Chiba 0.862). The SHapley Additive exPlanations values indicated that the “mean temperature on the previous day” had the highest impact on the model. In the secondary analysis, the lower mean temperature of the previous day was associated with the higher daily incidence in the elderly population. OHCA incidence was highest on Sundays and Mondays in the elderly group, whereas on Mondays in the non-elderly group.Conclusions: Algorithms using machine learning with meteorological and chronological information could accurately predict OHCA events.
Association between furosemide administration and outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Li Jinghang , Wang Xufeng , Cai Zhonglin , Shen Xian , Zhou Chunlei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Furosemide is widely used during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery. But the influence of furosemide on outcomes after cardiac surgery remains uncertain. We aim to investigate the relationship between furosemide usage and clinical outcomes among cardiac surgery patients.Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery were identified from MIMIC‑III database. In order to fully and comprehensively assess the influence of furosemide, we transform the total dosage of furosemide into four new variables (total dose of furosemide≥200mg, total dose of furosemide/weight, average daily dose of furosemide, and average daily dose of furosemide≥20mg/d) for further analysis. Cox and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the associations between five furosemide related variables and clinical outcomes of cardiac surgery accordingly. Results: A total of 6,752 cardiac surgery patients were included in this analysis. 84.0% patients have used furosemide after cardiac surgery. In the cox regression after adjusted all confounding factors, average daily dose of furosemide (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.003-1.011; P=0.001), average daily dose of furosemide≥20mg/d (HR 2.099; 95% CI 1.221-3.606; P=0.007) and total dose of furosemide≥200mg (HR1.975; 95% CI 1.095-3.562; P=0.024) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Total dose of furosemide (HR 1.00; 95% CI 1.000-1.001; P=0.023) and average daily dose of furosemide (HR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001-1.006; P=0.016) were associated with increased risk of one-year mortality. In the logistic regression after adjusted all confounding factors, all five variables of furosemide usage were significantly increased the risk of length of ICU stay≥3d and mechanical ventilation≥48h; total dosage of furosemide, total dose of furosemide ≥200mg, total dose of furosemide/weight were associated with a higher risk of length of hospital stay≥14d.Conclusions: We demonstrated that high dose of furosemide was associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes among cardiac surgery patients. It suggests that high-dose furosemide should be cautiously used in cardiac surgery patients.
Glioma prognosis evaluation using multiparametric MR and radiomics models focusing on the peritumoral region
Authors: Hou Qiuyang , Ye Chengkun , Liu Chang , 邢 Jiang hao , Ge Yaqiong , Deng Kexue 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background To observe the clinical values of glioma prognosis using the radiomics model established based on the axial T1WI, T2WI plain scan and T1WI enhanced images of the glioma peritumoral area. Methods 138 glioma patients were retrospectively analyzed. MITK software was used to obtain the peritumoral area 5mm, 10mm, and 20mm from the tumor edge and extract texture features. The texture features were screened and the radiomics model was established, the radiomic score was calculated. A clinical prediction model and a combined prediction model along with Rad-score and clinical risk factors were established. The combined prediction model was displayed as a nomogram, and the predictive performance of the model for survival in glioma patients were evaluated. Results In the validation set, the C-index value of the radiomics model based on the peritumoral region 10mm away from the tumor edge based on T2WI images was 0.663 (95%CI=0.72-0.78), resulting in the best prediction performance. On the training set and validation set, the C-index of the nomogram was 0.770 and 0.730, respectively, indicating that the prediction performance of nomogram was better than those of the radiomics model and clinical pathological model. The model had the best prediction effect on the 3-year survival rate of glioma patients. Conclusion The combined prediction model based on the preoperative T2WI images in the peritumoral region 10mm from the tumor edge and the clinicopathological risk factors can accurately predict the prognosis of glioma, providing the best effect of prediction on the 3-year survival rate of glioma.
An Efficient Computation of Discrete Orthogonal Moments for Bio-Signals Reconstruction
Authors: Fathi Islam S. , Ahmed Mohamed , Makhlouf Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bio-signals are extensively used in diagnosing many diseases in wearable devices. In signal processing, signal reconstruction is one of the essential applications. Discrete Orthogonal Moments (DOMs) are effective analysis tools for signals that can extract digital information without redundancy. The propagation of numerical errors is a significant challenge for the computation of DOMs at high orders. This problem damages the orthogonality property of these moments, which restricts the ability to recover the signal's distinct and unique components with no redundant information. This paper proposes a stable computation of DOMs based on QR decomposition methods: the Gram-Schmidt, Householder, and Given Rotations methods. It also presents a comparative study on the performance of the types of moments: Tchebichef, Krawtchouk, Charlier, Hahn, and Meixner moments. The proposed algorithm's evaluation is done using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset in terms of mean square error (MSE ) and peak signal to noise ratio ( PSNR). The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in computing DOMs, especially at high moment orders. Moreover, the results indicate that the Householder method outperforms Gram-Schmidt and Given Rotations methods in execution time and reconstruction quality. The comparative results show that Tchebichef, Krawtchouk, and Charlier moments have superior reconstruction quality than Hahn and Meixner moments, and Tchebichef generally has the highest performance in signal reconstruction.
Oral health-related quality of life and its association with oral health literacy and dental caries experience among a group of pregnant women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shahpari Mojdeh , Shekarchizadeh Hajar , Mousavi Mahsa Sadat 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Oral health plays an important role in general health of the pregnant women and their newborns. The aim of this study was to assess oral health-related quality of life and its association with oral health literacy and dental caries experience among a group of Iranian pregnant women.Methods: Applying a convenient sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 pregnant women attending a governmental hospital in Isfahan, Iran, in 2019. Self-administrated questionnaires requested information about women’s demographics, their oral health-related quality of life utilizing Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and their oral health literacy utilizing Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire. A senior dental student conducted clinical examination under the artificial light of a headlamp based on the WHO (World Health Organization) criteria to record dental caries experience with Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Mann-whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, spearman correlation coefficient, and a linear regression model served for statistical analysis (p<0.05). Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 28.8 ± 5.5. About half of the women (49.5%) had a high school diploma, and 84% were homemaker. The mean score of OHIP-14 was 13.2 ± 9.0 (range 0-38). The mean score of oral health literacy was 9.7 ± 3.2 (range 1-16). The mean DMFT was 9.8 ± 5.2. In multivariate analysis, higher score of OHIP-14 was associated with higher caries experience (p<0.05).Conclusions: Higher caries experience was associated with more effects of oral problems on pregnant women’s quality of life. Thus, it is recommended to increase their oral health-related quality of life via preventive measures to control the dental caries experience.
A tin-based tandem electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to ethanol with 80% selectivity
Authors: Ding Jie , Yang Hongbin , Ma Xuelu , Liu Song , Liu Wei , Mao Qing , Huang Yanqiang , Li Jun , Zhang Tao , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To date, only Cu-based catalysts have been used to generate appreciable C2 chemicals via the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Here we report a Cu-free, Sn-based tandem electrocatalyst consisting of SnS2 nanosheets and single Sn atoms coordinated with three oxygen atoms on three-dimensional (3D) carbon, which exhibits significant catalytic performance for selective reduction of CO2 to ethanol with a maximum selectivity of approximately 82.5% at 0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and more than 70% over a wide electrode potential window from − 0.6 to -1.1 V versus RHE. This new catalyst maintains 97% of its initial activity (with a geometric current density of 17.8 mA·cm− 2 at 0.9 V versus RHE) after 100 hours of reaction. First principles modeling shows that the dual active centers comprising Sn and O atoms that can respectively adsorb *CHO and *CO(OH) intermediates, therefore promoting C-C bond formation through an unprecedented formyl-bicarbonate coupling pathway.