bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐year randomized controlled clinical study comparing cemented and screw‐retained zirconia‐based implant‐supported single crowns
Authors: Kraus Riccardo D. , Espuelas Catharina , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. , Sailer Irena , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare screw‐retained and cemented all‐ceramic implant‐supported single crowns regarding biological and technical outcomes over a 5‐year observation period.Materials and methodsIn 44 patients, 44 two‐piece dental implants were placed in single‐tooth gaps in the esthetic zone. Patients randomly received a screw‐retained (SR) or cemented (CR) all‐ceramic single crown and were then re‐examined annually up to 5 years. Outcome measures included: clinical, biological, technical, and radiographic parameters. Data were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsDuring the observation period, three patients (6.8%) were loss to follow‐up. Eight restorations (18.2%, CI (8.2%, 32.7%)) were lost due to technical (6 patients, 13.6% (CI (5.2%, 27.4%)), 2 CR and 4 SR group, intergroup p = .673; implants still present) or biological complications (2 patients, 4.5% (CI (0.6%, 16.5%)), only CR group, intergroup p = .201, both implants lost). This resulted in a survival rate of 81.2% (CI (65.9%, 90.1%)) on the restorative level (18 SR; 15 CR, 3 lost to follow‐up). At the 5‐year follow‐up, the median marginal bone levels were located slightly apical relative to the implant shoulder with 0.4 mm (0.5; 0.3) (SR) and 0.4 mm (0.8; 0.3) (CR) (intergroup p = .582). Cemented restorations demonstrated a significantly higher biological complication rate (36.8%, SR: 0.0%; intergroup p = .0022), as well as a significantly higher overall complication rate (68.4%, SR: 22.7%, intergroup p = .0049). All other outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > .05).ConclusionsAll‐ceramic single‐tooth restorations on two‐piece dental implants resulted in a relatively low survival rate. Cemented restorations were associated with a higher biological and overall complication rate than screw‐retained restorations.
Perioperative stroke: A perspective on challenges and opportunities for experimental treatment and diagnostic strategies
Authors: Jin Xia , Li Peiying , Michalski Dominik , Li Shen , Zhang Yueman , Jolkkonen Jukka , Cui Lili , Didwischus Nadine , Xuan Wei , Boltze Johannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPerioperative stroke is an ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebral event during or up to 30 days after surgery. It is a feared condition due to a relatively high incidence, difficulties in timely detection, and unfavorable outcome compared to spontaneously occurring stroke. Recent preclinical data suggest that specific pathophysiological mechanisms such as aggravated neuroinflammation contribute to the detrimental impact of perioperative stroke. Conventional treatment options are limited in the perioperative setting due to difficult diagnosis and medications affecting coagulation in may cases. On the contrary, the chance to anticipate cerebrovascular events at the time of surgery may pave the way for prevention strategies. This review provides an overview on perioperative stroke incidence, related problems, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we assess experimental stroke treatments including neuroprotective approaches, cell therapies, and conditioning medicine strategies regarding their potential use in perioperative stroke. Interestingly, the specific aspects of perioperative stroke might enable a more effective application of experimental treatment strategies such as classical neuroprotection whereas others including cell therapies may be of limited use. We also discuss experimental diagnostic options for perioperative stroke augmenting classical clinical and imaging stroke diagnosis. While some experimental stroke treatments may have specific advantages in perioperative stroke, the paucity of established guidelines or multicenter clinical research initiatives currently limits their thorough investigation.
Restrictive spirometry versus restrictive lung function using the GLI reference values
Authors: Myrberg Tomi , Lindberg Anne , Eriksson Berne , Hedman Linnea , Stridsman Caroline , Lundbäck Bo , Rönmark Eva , Backman Helena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRestrictive lung function may indicate various underlying diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of different restrictive spirometry patterns (RSPs) to identify restrictive lung function (total lung capacity [TLC] < lower limit of normal [LLN]) according to reference values by the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) in a wide age‐ranged, general population sample.MethodsA general population sample (n = 607, age 23–72 years, smokers 18.8%) with proper dynamic spirometry and TLC measurements, was included. Accuracy of two main categories of RSP to identify TLC < LLN were evaluated: traditional RSPs (definition 1: FVC < 80% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7 and definition 2: FVC < LLN and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN) and RSPs defined by Youden's method (definition 3: FVC < 85.5% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN and definition 4: FVC Z‐score < −1.0 and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN).ResultsThe prevalence of restrictive lung function (TLC < LLN) was 5.3%. The most accurate cut‐offs for FVC to identify TLC < LLN were 85.5% for FVC% of predicted, and −1.0 for FVC Z‐score. The traditional RSP definitions 1 and 2 had higher specificity (95.0% and 96.9%) but substantially lower sensitivity compared to RSP definitions 3 and 4.ConclusionBased on the GLI reference values, the RSP definition FVC < LLN and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN yielded the highest specificity and may appropriately be used to rule out restrictive lung function. The RSP definition with the most favourable trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity, FVC < 85.5% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN, may serve as an alternative with higher sensitivity for screening.
The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults—An updated guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Society for Inpatient Care
Authors: Dhatariya Ketan K. ,   The Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article summarises the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care guidelines on the management of ketoacidosis; available athttps://abcd.care/resource/management‐diabetic‐ketoacidosis‐dka‐adults. The document explicitly states that when a person aged 16–18 is under the care of the paediatric team, then the paediatric guideline should be used, and if they are cared for by an adult team, then this guideline should be used. The guideline takes into account new evidence on the use of the previous version of this document, particularly the high prevalence of hypoglycaemia and hypokalaemia, and recommends that when the glucose concentration drops below 14 mmol/L, that de‐escalating the insulin infusion rate from 0.1 to 0.05 units/kg/h should be considered. Furthermore, a section has been added to address the recognition that use of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of euglycaemic ketoacidosis. The management of ketoacidosis in people with end‐stage renal failure or on dialysis is also mentioned. Finally, the algorithms to illustrate the guideline have been updated.
Different levels of EGF, VEGF, IL‐6, MCP‐1, MCP‐3, IP‐10, Eotaxin and MIP‐1α in the adipose‐derived stem cell secretome in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Andjelkov Katarina , Eremin Ilya I. , Korac Aleksandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHair folliculogenesis and hair growth mediated by the secretory properties of white adipocytes may pave the way for the adipose‐derived (AD) regenerative therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Quantitative and qualitative secretome profiling of AD stem cells (ADSCs) from different zones of hair growth in patients with AGA were analysed. 1‐mm punch samples of adipose tissue associated with hair follicles, of three scalp areas (balding, non‐balding and transition zones) and one periumbilical sample, were used for ADCS isolation. The ADCS secretome was analysed in conditioned media using a 41plex assay. Among the thirty‐five signalling proteins analysed, the levels of VEGF, EGF, IL‐6, Eotaxin, MCP‐3, IFNγ‐inducible protein‐10 and MIP‐1α were higher in the balding zone compared with the non‐balding and periumbilical zones. In contrast, MCP‐1 was the lowest in the balding zone in comparison with the other zones. The observed differences in the secretome suggest crosstalk between angiogenic and inflammatory processes underlying AGA aetiology and may prove relevant in both the diagnosis of AGA and the application of ADSC secretome for AGA treatment.
Phylogenetic signal and evolutionary relationships among traits of inland fishes along elevational and longitudinal gradients
Authors: Cano‐Barbacil Carlos , Radinger Johannes , Grenouillet Gaël , García‐Berthou Emili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the main drivers of species distributions is one of the main goals of ecology. However, the relationships between traits and elevational and longitudinal distributions in inland fishes, as well as their underlying evolutionary processes, have been less investigated. Thus, we aimed to quantify and assess the relationships among several types of traits resulting from species’ evolutionary histories by measuring their phylogenetic signal across inland fishes of the Iberian Peninsula. We also aimed to test for correlated evolution of these traits with elevation and stream size (i.e. stream order), to test whether a species’ suite of traits and their elevational and longitudinal niche tend to evolve together.We compiled data on 23 fish biological and ecological traits for 30 inland fish species present in the Iberian Peninsula. We quantified their phylogenetic signal using four complementary indices (Pagel’sλ, Blomberg’sK, and Abouheif’sCmeanfor continuous and −D + 1 for binary traits). We used both phylogenetic and non‐phylogenetic methods to evaluate the relationship among traits and their relationship with elevation and stream order.We found a significant phylogenetic signal for 65% of the studied traits. Phylogenetic signals were quite variable, but we did not detect clear differences between continuous and binary traits or among trait types (i.e. morphological, trophic, reproductive, and habitat use). Evolutionary models revealed that elevational and longitudinal distribution showed little evidence for directional trends of evolution. Hence, species elevational and longitudinal niches tend to resemble to those of the common ancestor.Many fish traits were inter‐correlated as revealed by phylogenetic methods, indicating correlated evolution of pairs of traits. For example, reproductive traits such as maximum longevity, fecundity and age at maturity tended to evolve together with fish maximum length. Consequently, certain orders of fish showed shared suites of traits.Comparative methods revealed a significant positive relationship of parental care with elevation and stream order. By contrast, non‐phylogenetic analyses and multivariate analyses indicated positive relationships between elevation and rheophily and lithophily, and a negative relationship between stream order and invertivory and rheophily.Overall, our results point to a notable phylogenetic signal in many traits of inland fishes and a strong phylogenetic structure in their functional traits along their elevational and longitudinal gradients. Thereby, our results contribute to an improved understanding of species’ adaptations to environmental changes with important conceptual and practical implications for minimising further species losses.
Chamberlin without differentiation: Soft capacity constrained price competition with free entry
Authors: Cabon‐Dhersin Marie‐Laure , Drouhin Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe show that the long‐term properties of price and cost in Chamberlin's monopolistic competition model can be reproduced with a soft capacity constrained price competition oligopoly model for a homogeneous good with free entry.
Survey Weighting after Imperfect Linkage to an Administrative File
Authors: Chipperfield James 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis paper proposes an instrumental variable regression estimator of population totals using a sample, a set of links between the sample units and records on an administrative file, and a set of calibration totals calculated from the administrative file. This paper proposes a survey‐weighted estimator of a population total that is valid when the survey non‐response mechanism is non‐ignorable and false negatives occur in the administrative‐survey linkage. False negatives lead to measurement error in the administrative variables that are available on the survey and will lead to biased estimates if not taken into account. We show the benefit of the proposed approach in a simulation and in a case study.
Occludin facilitates tumour angiogenesis in bladder cancer by regulating IL8/STAT3 through STAT4
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Xue‐Qi , He Jian‐Zhong , Xian Shi‐Ping , Yang Peng‐Fei , Mai Zhi‐Ying , Li Miao , Liu Ye , Zhang Xing‐Ding 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBladder cancer (BLCA) is a common genitourinary cancer in patients, and tumour angiogenesis is indispensable for its occurrence and development. However, the indepth mechanism of tumour angiogenesis in BLCA remains elusive. According to recent studies, the tight junction protein family member occludin (OCLN) is expressed at high levels in BLCA tissues and correlates with a poor prognosis. Downregulation of OCLN inhibits tumour angiogenesis in BLCA cells and murine xenografts, whereas OCLN overexpression exerts the opposite effect. Mechanistically, the RT‐qPCR analysis and Western blotting results showed that OCLN increased interleukin‐8 (IL8) and p‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) levels to promote BLCA angiogenesis. RNA sequencing analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays indicated that OCLN regulated IL8 transcriptional activity via the transcription factor STAT4. In summary, our results provide new perspectives on OCLN, as this protein participates in the development of BLCA angiogenesis by activating the IL8/STAT3 pathway via STAT4 and may serve as a novel and unique therapeutic target.
No genomic repercussions of assortative pairing in a colour polymorphic lizard
Authors: Aguilar Prem , Andrade Pedro , Afonso Sandra , Carretero Miguel Á. , Pérez i de Lanuza Guillem , Pinho Catarina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong‐term maintenance of colour polymorphisms often depends on the interplay of multiple selective forces. In the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), up to three pure and two mosaic ventral colour morphs co‐exist across most of its range. Available evidence suggests that colour morphs in this species are maintained through the interaction between sexual and environment‐dependent selection. In particular, colour‐assortative pairing has been recorded, suggesting some degree of assortative mating. Here, we combined reduced‐representation sequencing (ddRADseq) and fine‐scale distribution data to explore the effects of assortative pairing on the common wall lizard. Overall, our results do not support any population structure (FST = 0 and K = 1) nor a significant effect of colour morph or geographic location on genomic differentiation. Therefore, we argue that assortative pairing may not fully translate into assortative mating and genomic differentiation between colour morphs and discuss possible explanations. Nonetheless, we find potential support for an elevated population size and/or source‐sink dynamics and debate the potential contribution of other forms of selection to the maintenance of colour polymorphisms in lacertids.
Trophic niche of Australian cownose rays (Rhinoptera neglecta) and whitespotted eagle rays (Aetobatus ocellatus) along the east coast of Australia
Authors: Chan Alysha J. , Raoult Vincent , Jaine Fabrice R. A. , Peddemors Victor M. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Williamson Jane E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAustralian cownose rays (Rhinoptera neglecta) and whitespotted eagle rays (Aetobatus ocellatus) are large myliobatiform rays that co‐occur off temperate eastern Australia. Here, we performed stable‐isotope analyses (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S) on fin clips of both species to gain insights into their trophic interactions and isotopic niches, and assess the effect of preservation (ethanol‐stored versus frozen) on isotopic values of fin‐clip tissue of R. neglecta. Linear mixed models identified species as the main factor contributing to variation among δ15N and δ34S values, and disc width for δ13C. Bayesian ecological niche modelling indicated a 57.4% to 74.5% overlap of trophic niches, with the niche of R. neglecta being smaller and more constrained. Because values of δ13C were similar between species, variation in isotopic niches were due to differences in δ15N and δ34S values. Linear mixed models failed to detect differences in isotopic values of ethanol‐stored and frozen fin tissue of R. neglecta. This study provides the first examination of the trophic ecology of R. neglecta and the comparison of isotopic niche with A. ocellatus, which will facilitate future research into the trophic interactions of these species and aid better resource management.
Clear‐headed into old age: Resilience and resistance against brain aging—A PET imaging perspective
Authors: Hoenig Merle C. , Drzezga Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the advances in modern medicine and the adaptation towards healthier lifestyles, the average life expectancy has doubled since the 1930s, with individuals born in the millennium years now carrying an estimated life expectancy of around 100 years. And even though many individuals around the globe manage to age successfully, the prevalence of aging‐associated neurodegenerative diseases such as sporadic Alzheimer’s disease has never been as high as nowadays. The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease is anticipated to triple by 2050, increasing the societal and economic burden tremendously. Despite all efforts, there is still no available treatment defeating the accelerated aging process as seen in this disease. Yet, given the advances in neuroimaging techniques that are discussed in the current Review article, such as in positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pivotal insights into the heterogenous effects of aging‐associated processes and the contribution of distinct lifestyle and risk factors already have and are still being gathered. In particular, the concepts of resilience (i.e. coping with brain pathology) and resistance (i.e. avoiding brain pathology) have more recently been discussed as they relate to mechanisms that are associated with the prolongation and/or even stop of the progressive brain aging process. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resilience and resistance may one day, hopefully, support the identification of defeating mechanism against accelerating aging.image
A human blood–arachnoid barrier atlas of transporters, receptors, enzymes, and tight junction and marker proteins: Comparison with dog and pig in absolute abundance
Authors: Uchida Yasuo , Takeuchi Hina , Goto Ryohei , Braun Clemens , Fuchs Holger , Ishiguro Naoki , Takao Masaki , Tano Mitsutoshi , Terasaki Tetsuya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the absolute abundance of transporters, enzymes, receptors, and tight junction and marker proteins at human blood–arachnoid barrier (BAB) and compare with those of dogs and pigs. Protein expression levels in plasma membrane fractions of brain leptomeninges were determined by quantitative targeted absolute proteomics. To realistically compare the absolute abundance of target molecules at the BAB among humans, dogs, and pigs, the unit was converted from fmol/μg‐protein to pmol/cm2‐leptomeninges. Of a total of 70 proteins, 52 were detected. OAT1, OAT3, GLUT1, 4F2hc, EAAT1, EAAT2, MCT8, SMVT, CTL2, GFAP, Claudin‐5, Na+/K+‐ATPase, COMT, GSTP1, and CES1 were abundantly expressed at the human BAB (>1 pmol/cm2). The protein expression levels were within a 3‐fold difference for 16 out of 33 proteins between humans and dogs and for 13 out of 28 proteins between humans and pigs. Both human–dog and human–pig differences in protein expression levels were within 3‐fold for OAT1, OAT3, 4F2hc, xCT, OCT2, MDR1, BCRP, PEPT2, SYP, and MCT1. In contrast, OCT3, MCT4, and OATP1A2 were detected in humans but not in dogs or pigs. MRP3 was detected in dogs and pigs but not in humans. The absolute level of GLUT1 in humans was nearly the same as that in dogs but was 6.14‐fold greater in pigs. No significant differences in the levels were observed between male and female dogs for nearly all molecules. These results should be helpful in understanding the physiological roles of BAB and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics in humans and their differences from dogs and pigs.

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Long read sequencing overcomes challenges in the diagnosis of SORD neuropathy
Authors: Grosz Bianca R. , Stevanovski Igor , Negri Sara , Ellis Melina , Barnes Stephanie , Reddel Stephen , Vucic Steve , Nicholson Garth A. , Cortese Andrea , Kumar Kishore R. , Deveson Ira W. , Kennerson Marina L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiallelic mutations in sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) have been recently identified as a common cause of recessive axonal Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathy (CMT2). We aimed to assess a novel long‐read sequencing approach to overcome current limitations in SORD neuropathy diagnostics due to the SORD2P pseudogene and the phasing of biallelic mutations in recessive disease. We conducted a screen of our Australian whole exome sequencing (WES) CMT cohort to identify individuals with homozygous or compound heterozygous SORD variants. Individuals detected with SORD mutations then underwent long‐read sequencing, clinical assessment, and serum sorbitol analysis. An individual was detected with compound heterozygous truncating mutations in SORD exon 7, NM_003104.5:c.625C>T (p.Arg209Ter) and NM_003104.5:c.757del (p.Ala253GlnfsTer27). Subsequent Oxford Nanopore Tech (ONT) long‐read sequencing was used to successfully differentiate SORD from the highly homologous non‐functional SORD2P pseudogene and confirmed that the mutations were biallelic through haplotype‐resolved analysis. The patient presented with axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (CMT2) and ulnar neuropathy without compression at the elbow. Burning neuropathic pain in the forearms and feet was also reported and was exacerbated by alcohol consumption and improved with alcohol cessation. UPLC‐tandem mass spectrometry confirmed that the patient had elevated serum sorbitol levels (12.0 mg/L) consistent with levels previously observed in patients with biallelic SORD mutations. This represents a novel clinical presentation and expands the phenotype associated with biallelic SORD mutations causing CMT2. Our study is the first report of long‐read sequencing for an individual with CMT and demonstrates the utility of this approach for clinical genomics.