bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Well Construction with Mud Motor Applications
Authors: BA Samba , Zhang Joshua , Shen Yuelin , Chen Wei , Jeffryes Benjamin , Sahli Hussein 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It is often essential that the behavior of certain tools inside of the bottomhole assembly (BHA) be understood, prior to automating the well construction process. The mud motor is one of the most frequently used BHA components worldwide. This paper presents several digital well construction procedures in which a mud motor is located inside of the BHA. Mud motors can be directly used in a steering mode or can be combined with the most advanced rotary steerable system (RSS) tools in power only mode because their downhole power ability is unrivaled, and their usage reduces the power needed from surface, making the well construction more sustainable.
When considering the six primary surface measurements of well construction (hookload, block position, torque, rpm, pressure, and flow), the interpretation of four of the measurements is directly affected by the presence or not of a mud motor inside the BHA, whether the mud motor is in steering mode or in power only mode. To understand these measurements, a basic understanding of the mud motor physics is required. This paper will present some of the kinematics of the mud motor power section and how it relates to the monitoring, advising, or controlling of the drilling process.
In particular, some key equations will be shown that correlate surface measurements to the downhole drill-bit motion through the motor physics. It will be shown that when a mud motor is present, there is a torque discontinuity between the upper portion (above the motor) of the BHA and drillstring and the lower portion of the BHA (below the motor). In addition, equations to fit mud motor power curves are derived, which enables interpretation of the motor power section performance based on the chosen configuration. The acoustic impedance theory for the mud motor will also be shown, which enables understanding the transient effect of flow fluctuations when different torque demands from the drill-bit exist. All these derivations are included in a new mechanical specific energy (MSE) calculation which will be used to derive an autonomous well construction scheme.
A novel approach to understanding the monitoring, advising, and controlling of the drilling process when a mud motor is present within the BHA is presented. This approach, which is based on the careful understanding of the mud motor physics and enables automation of the well construction, would be a forerunner for most artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms used to optimize drilling operations when a hydromechanical power generator is present in the BHA.
Pilot Test of Deep Profile Controlling and Sweep Improvement Based on Plugging Agent Location Optimization in Offshore Oilfield
Authors: Shi Hongfu , Ma Kuiqian , Chen Cunliang , Shi Fei , Han Xiaodong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After the reservoir enters the medium-high water-cut period, due to the heterogeneity of the reservoir, the difference of fluid mobility, and the difference in injection and production, large water flow channels are gradually formed in the formation, which result in fixed streamline in the formation, and the inefficient or ineffective water circulation. Ineffective injection water circulation severely inhibits water flooding effect. Conventional tapping measures can’t change the problem of ineffective water circulation. However, the profile control technology changes the flow direction of subsequent injected water by plugging the high permeability layer or large pores, improving the water injection profile, and increasing the formation water retention rate, so as to expand the swept volume. Therefore, profile controlling technology has always been an important method water control and oil stabilization technologies for the reservoirs with thief zones.
The success or failure of profile control measures depends to a large extent on thief zones identification and its description, sensitivity analysis of plugging agent performance, scientific and reasonable profile control decision-making and optimization, in addition to selection of candidate wells, optimization of construction parameters, effect prediction and effect evaluation.
Comparative Review Study on Different Carbon Capture Methods and Applications in Steelmaking Plant from Economical Point of View
Authors: Arul Rajoo Thinesh Shakkti , Elraies Khaled Abdalla , Husna Ully Zakyatul , Muhamad Shuhili Juhairi Aris , Abu Bakar Mohd Afandi , Haron Hazliza , Mohd Saaid Ismail , Lee Jang Hyun , Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir , Gogoi Subrata Borgohain , Saeedi Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
One of the emerging areas in combatting environmental issue like global warming is carbon capture and storage (CCS) entices a solution by not limiting output of any operation. Carbon capture storage refers to the process of capturing or gathering carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere from various activities and injecting the captured gas underground (aquifer). CCS can be divided into 3 main stages namely capturing, transportation and storage. The carbon dioxide will be captured from a source, being transported and sequestrated underground. In this paper, the main area discussed is the capturing process and application in steelmaking industry from economical point of view. Carbon capture is an expensive process which creates an indecisiveness among different parties to actually put the process in practice. However, this expensive process is not properly quantified which is the main motivation of this study to contribute to the cost quantification of carbon capture. Carbon capture is mainly divided to several methods namely membrane separation, oxyfuel combustion, absorption, adsorption, chemical looping combustion, calcium looping and cryogenic method. Despite of having many capturing methods available, there was no vivid or clear application at a large commercial or industrial scale of several methods which rendered them mooted for comparison's sake. Technologies that have gone beyond technological readiness level (TRL) 4 shall be considered since the relevancy of the comparison can benefit parties planning to spearhead or undertake CCS.
Floating Offshore Wind Energy – Brief Review of Prospects, Project Development Life Cycle, Policy and Technology Challenges and Project Management Complexity
Authors: K Purayil Prasannakumar , Pratap Chandran Sujith 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE/SCOPE
Interest in Floating Offshore Wind Farm (FOWF) is regaining momentum as countries and energy producers vie for economic and innovative solutions to decarbonize products and operations with net zero targets in perspective. Typically tapping offshore wind is costlier in comparison to land based solutions, despite the flexibility it offers due to remote operations away from populated areas. Floating wind farms offer an attractive mix of flexibility and cost effectiveness by eliminating the need for large supporting structures and enabling further deep-sea installations and access to stronger winds. While floating wind turbine technology is promising, it needs further maturation along with favorable policy implementation on the part of regulators to make floating wind farms attractive to operators/investors. This paper investigates Technology, Project Management challenges and opportunities from a large, Joint Venture capital project context with net zero target perspectives.

METHODS, PROCEDURES, PROCESS
Conceptually, floating wind energy is generated by a cluster of floating wind turbines, as against conventional fixed-bottom turbines which account for the majority of wind installations today. Several recent technological advancements have led to innovative floating wind solutions and also driven the costs downward. However, technological challenges like mooring and anchoring systems suited for harsh environments and policy challenges still present barriers to increased investment decisions. In both cases, synergies could potentially be harnessed from existing Oil & Gas deep sea technology. This paper will attempt to address such technology and policy challenges, as well as project management perspectives in maturing floating wind technology. Further, the project development lifecycle will be analyzed from stakeholder and risk management, technology maturation, decision making, and complexity management perspectives.

RESULTS, OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONS
While alleviating cost and flexibility challenges related to stick-built fixed-base solutions, floating technologies may have strategic potential to unlock the full potential of offshore wind and to serve as a vehicle to achieve green transition goals. This paper summarizes the potential risks and opportunities from political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental (PESTLE) points of view. Potential stakeholder influences and a decision quality matrix will be identified and documented.
FOWF, PESTLE, Project Management, Complexity Management
Evaluation of Offshore Renewable Energy for Cluster Benefits
Authors: Rao Shivaprakash Chandrashekar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The urgency to mitigate climate change is increasing the rate of transformation in energy supply systems towards a low carbon future to ensure global temperature rise is limited to 1.5 Deg. Existing offshore energy technologies were examined through the lens of cluster benefits. Offshore renewable technologies considered were Offshore Wind, Floating Solar, Wave Energy, Tidal Energy and Offshore Thermal Energy (OTEC). The theory of underpinning of clusters, evolution, benefits, and challenges were reviewed. To corroborate the literature review, a pilot survey was sent to participants in industry which commented and highlighted their awareness of certain available technologies. The perceived benefits of clustering included the ability to achieve economies of scale whilst challenges remained around permitting and obtaining social licences. Based on the literature review and survey, a theoretical framework has been proposed to evaluate offshore energy cluster benefits. There is scope to further this research with a larger sample size and diversity of participants to strengthen the framework. It was noted that geospatial hard constraints and policies could be important framing factors for cluster formation in countries of interest. Country specific cluster examination would bring more specificity, depth and application and should be an area of future research.
Deciphering the Record of the Sun-Earth Dance in Well Logs: The Extra-Terrestrial Imprint and its Application to High-Resolution Stratigraphy and Well Correlation in South Furious Field, Offshore North Sabah
Authors: Gou Patrick , Raja Ismail Raja Azlan , Yuen Florence , Zulkifli Nadia , Hee Randy Peter , van der Vegt Paul , Ralphie Benard , Hassan Fazideen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
South Furious is an oilfield in the Inboard Belt offshore North Sabah with oil production since 1979. The field is heavily faulted and compartmentalized, making it structurally complex and challenging for development. It is believed that the field has a low recovery factor, despite having a relatively large oil in-place volume reported. Its highly-heterogenous Stage IVA reservoir with thin sand-shale intercalations, and poor seismic imaging quality make stratigraphic interpretation and well correlations highly uncertain. Recognizing the limitations of conventional methods for well correlation in South Furious, SEA Hibiscus decided to take a quantitative approach on the existing well logs itself, particularly the gamma ray (GR) curve. This data-driven approach is a shift from the unsuccessful model-based method.
Cyclostratigraphic analysis using CycloLog works on the principle that extra-terrestrial forces described by the Milankovitch Cycles have a huge influence on sedimentation processes, and its record are preserved in the well logs that we acquire while drilling, although not always obvious without the proper quantitative approach. This high-resolution stratigraphic method allows the detection of cyclic signals in facies-sensitive wireline logs (e.g., gamma ray), including subtle ones, and at resolutions that are equivalent to 4th to 6th Order stratigraphic cycles. Utilizing the Integrated Prediction Error Filter Analysis (INPEFA), geological breaks or events are quantitatively and objectively identified. Cyclostratigraphic and climate stratigraphy concepts as described by Perlmutter and Matthews (1990) and Nio (2005) form the basis of this analysis, which is an evolution of traditional sequence stratigraphic concepts.
Results from the 10 pilot wells in South Furious show dramatic improvements in the stratigraphic correlation resolution, particularly in the deeper/older sections, allowing correlations to be made across different fault block segments, previously nearly impossible. With the ongoing inclusion of more wells to the cyclostratigraphic study and future plans to integrate independent chemostratigraphic data, a more robust stratigraphic framework for the field would be established.
Results from the current study prove that the cyclostratigraphic method allows objective, quantitative and data-driven stratigraphic well correlations to be made from a systematic and quantitative review of existing well logs, without additional rock sampling or measurement, and in a cost-effective manner. Geoscientists should always be receptive to new ways of working, including utilizing data and techniques that have origins outside mainstream geoscience.
Overcoming High Flow Line Pressure by Successful Installation of First Surface Jet Pump
Authors: Ur Rehman Abid , Abdelbary Marwan , Azeez Kamaran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The year 2020 has been challenging for the whole world due to the COVID pandemic. The unprecedented impacts of the world's recent lockdown and volatility of oil and gas markets tested the leadership and resilience of business models and repositioned strategies that will shape the industry for the next decade. Business survival has become critical during these unprecedented times, especially in the energy industry which has taken a significant hit due to the oil price fall and supply gluts.
Existing plans are under observation, as it is vital to identify more efficient approaches and solutions for building future business resilience. Modern technologies can be used to support energy transition. The surface jet pump is one of the newest technologies that help lower the wellhead pressure of the well. It also reduces back pressure on the well. Thus, it enhances the flow rate. Additionally, the surface jet pump overcomes the flow line pressure into the existing pressurized flow lines without creating back pressure on the reservoirs. This technology can be utilized for many applications, including well-bore cleanup after completions, de-liquefying gas wells, producing heavy, viscous, or corrosive liquids, producing CO2 and natural gas wells.
This paper is about the successful installation of the first-ever surface jet pump in the country. The pump was deployed in the Northern Iraq region to reduce the backpressure on the wells caused by the central production facility. The pump parameters were designed on Jet Evaluation and Modeling Software (JEMS) and 13G was selected as the optimum nozzle and throat combination for this project. The pump worked successfully, and the wellhead increased from 310 to 355 psi. And gross production from a single well was increased to around 850 BPD from 550 BPD generating about 0.4 Million USD/Month additional revenue.
With the long-term impact of the recent pandemic on the energy market, it's clear that companies are more focused than ever on picking the best solutions to ensure the long-term viability and survival of their operations. The surface jet pump is one of the technological advancements for such solutions that have been successfully tested at this location. This paper goes on the technicalities of the technology and project.
Supercritical Methane Adsorption in Shale: Isothermal Adsorption and Desorption of Eagle Ford Shale Gas
Authors: Mohd Aji Aminah Qayyimah , Maulianda Belladonna , Mohshim Dzeti Farhah , Elraeis Khaled Abdalla , Ku Ishak Ku Esyra Hani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gas adsorption-desorption highly affect gas storage and production behaviour in shale nanopores. The study of methane adsorption isotherm in shale has been extensively conducted experimentally. The shale compositions and reservoir conditions prominently control the adsorption capacity of methane. However, to date, there is a lack of discussion on the effect of heterogeneous TOC towards the adsorption isotherm and comparison with adsorption isotherm modelling. This study used the gravimetric method for supercritical methane adsorptions - desorption isotherms measurements. Isotherms measurements were conducted with three shale samples with various TOC values (9.67, 13.9, and 15.4 wt.%) from the Eagle Ford formation at pressure up to 10 MPa and temperature at 120 °C. The isotherms gathered were fitted with standard adsorption-desorption isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich and extended Sips to test the applicability of these models depicted the adsorption of supercritical methane. The results show that EF C with the highest TOC content (15.4 wt.%) has the highest adsorption-desorption methane capacity, more than 0.7 mmol/g, compared to other samples. The composition differences between these samples indicate that the organic contents were likely a major controlling factor of the adsorption capacities obtained. The TOC provides a higher surface area for adsorption to occur. Thus, a higher adsorption-desorption capacity was observed through this study. On the other hand, the adsorption and desorption curves did not intercept due to the hysteresis caused by the capillary condensation. The significant binding capacity of the shale surface for methane gas molecules leads to the hysteresis observed during methane desorption. It was observed that the Freundlich model was the most accurate adsorption model in describing the adsorption-desorption behaviour with tested shales with average R2 more than 0.90 and ARE (%) less than 10 % compared to other models with 15.8 % (Langmuir) and 18.9 % (Sips). This study also proved the influence of organic matter on predicting the adsorption-desorption capacity with adsorption isotherms highlighting the importance of modelling the TOC of shale with adsorption isotherm to determine the adsorption-desorption properties.
Asset Life Extension Management of Aging Offshore Fields
Authors: Altmann Joshua , Sherif Amr , Nicolson Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With many of the offshore platforms around the globe well past their design life, developing targeted and cost-effective approaches to reassess and manage the life extension of these facilities is critical for operators. Although standards such as API RP 2SIM and ISO 19901-9 provide an excellent framework for management of the structural integrity of individual platforms, operators that manage a significant number of facilities need to develop strategies for overseeing the life extension of a fleet of aging multidiscipline assets, with the objective of maximizing return while maintaining an acceptable level of risk.
The paper presents a systematic risk matrix based approach to provide a predictive assessment of the residual lives of the offshore facilities using the available design and condition data, re-assessment results based on asset specific or grouped approaches, and existing inspection results and strategies. Weighting of the influence of each parameter, adapted for different asset classes to capture state-of-the-art approaches within each discipline or system, is used to predicted residual life. This method has the ability to handle sparse data and incorporate recent or planned modifications. The increased likelihood of failure with time due to damage or degradation, as well as other threats such as obsolesce, is captured through time dependent factors to provide an estimate of the residual life.
The method used provides a flexible assessment of the health and residual life estimates for assets from a sub-system through to a full field perspective based on the existing risk tolerance and management strategies of the operator. This provides operators with a valuable tool to assist in optimizing the life cycle costs for the field. If the overall risk profile is not acceptable, then high level what-if analyses can be performed and incorporated into the risk model to review likelihood or consequence reducing measures as the facilities age. This may include additional assessments (e.g. platform specific ultimate strength or fitness-for-service assessments of major equipment), changes to fabric maintenance or risk based inspection plans, load reductions, upgrading of instrumentation and control systems, implementation of strengthening, modification or repair programs, or decommissioning. Advisian has successfully applied this approach for both offshore and onshore assets.
Unlike most life extension programs which are typically limited to a single discipline, this method provides a flexible multidisciplinary approach with the ability to incorporate findings covering topside structures, pipelines, piping, rotating and static equipment, electrical and instrumentation for a whole of field assessment.
DroneBox: A Fully Automated Drone System for Surveillance Application
Authors: Manapongpun Pattawut , Karoonkornsakul Chanon , Peechaphand Krittin , Kriengkomol Pakpoom , Rajawana Amin , Ritmetee Pawarit , Lounsrimongkol Narongsak , Chenchai Napat 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has recently improved in terms of robustness and reliability to be utilized industrially such as site patronage, monitoring and surveillance missions. On the contrary, the delayed development of competent UAV pilots and operators is slowing down operational expansion, resulting in everyday UAV usage costly and unfeasible. The fully automated and completely independent "DroneBox" will act as the drone storage and self-maintenance base for a surveillance operation with no direct human involvement. The drone will be capable of taking- off, performing missions, landing precisely, and recharging automatically while utilizing collected real-time data to perform with the safest configuration through DroneBox. When compared to the industry’s conventional method, the risk, cost, and time of surveillance operation will be reduced with the application of the DroneBox system offshore. According to realistic estimates, deploying the DroneBox system on 20 unmanned wellhead platform platforms can cut operator visits up to one-third of the trips, resulting in saving 22% fuel of crew boat vessels or up to 1.82 million USD operating cost in Artit (ART) and Great Bongkot North (GBN) wellhead platforms.