bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 50‐Year Tropical Cyclone Exposure Climatology in Southeast Asia
Authors: Tran Thao Linh , Ritchie Elizabeth A. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, the landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) exposure in Southeast Asia for a 50‐year period from 1970 to 2019 is investigated relative to the total western North Pacific (WNP) climatology taking disparities in historical records into account. Long‐term trends in landfalling TCs are analyzed and intercompared among the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center of Tokyo (TOKYO), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best track datasets. Interannual and intra‐seasonal variations are further examined by sub‐region and nation using JTWC records. Approximately half of the WNP TCs make landfall in Southeast Asia representing over 75% of the total WNP landfalls in all datasets. Over the study period, there is a slight upward trend in landfalling TC frequency in both the WNP and Southeast Asia in the JTWC dataset, while the number of landfall events has decreased in the CMA and TOKYO datasets. A consistent northward shift in landfalling locations over the 50‐year period is found in all datasets such that landfalls have decreased in the Philippines, Vietnam, but increased in some South China areas. The TOKYO dataset alone suggests that landfalling TCs in South China have slowed down over the study period, which would increase rainfall and wind risks in their path if substantiated. Less TC landfalls occur in El Niño years with landfalling locations shifting northwestward over the Asian mainland, while landfalls are higher and more distributed in La Niña, and highest in Neutral years.
Bdh1 overexpression ameliorates hepatic injury by activation of Nrf2 in a MAFLD mouse model
Authors: Xu Bu-tuo , Teng Fang-yuan , Wu Qi , Wan Sheng-rong , Li Xin-yue , Tan Xiao-zhen , Xu Yong , Jiang Zong-zhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn 2020, a group of experts officially suggested metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease “MAFLD” as a more appropriate overarching term than NAFLD, indicating the key role of metabolism in fatty liver disease. Bdh1, as the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone metabolism, acts as an important metabolic regulator in liver. However, the role of Bdh1 in MAFLD is unclear. In this study, we used the transgenic db/db mice as a MAFLD mouse model and observed the downregulated expression of Bdh1 in fatty liver. In addition, expression of Bdh1 was also reduced by palmitic acid (PA) treatment in LO2 cells. Bdh1 knockdown led to ROS overproduction and ROS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in LO2 cells, while Bdh1 overexpression protected LO2 cells from lipotoxicity by inhibiting ROS overproduction. Mechanistically, Bdh1-mediated βOHB metabolism inhibits ROS overproduction by activation of Nrf2 through enhancement of metabolic flux composed of βOHB-AcAc-succinate-fumarate. Notably, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Bdh1 overexpression successfully reversed the hepatic function indexes, fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis in fatty livers from db/db mice. In conclusion, our study revealed a Bdh1-mediated molecular mechanism in pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction related liver disease and identified Bdh1 as a novel potential therapeutic target for MAFLD.
GLOBathy, the global lakes bathymetry dataset
Authors: Khazaei Bahram , Read Laura K. , Casali Matthew , Sampson Kevin M. , Yates David N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWaterbodies (natural lakes and reservoirs) are a critical part of a watershed’s ecological and hydrological balance, and in many cases dictate the downstream river flows either through natural attenuation or through managed controls. Investigating waterbody dynamics relies primarily on understanding their morphology and geophysical characteristics that are primarily defined by bathymetry. Bathymetric conditions define stage-storage relationships and circulation/transport processes in waterbodies. Yet many studies oversimplify these mechanisms due to unavailability of the bathymetric data. We developed a novel GLObal Bathymetric (GLOBathy) dataset of 1.4+ million waterbodies to align with the well-established global dataset, HydroLAKES. GLOBathy uses a GIS-based framework to generate bathymetric maps based on the waterbody maximum depth estimates and HydroLAKES geometric/geophysical attributes of the waterbodies. The maximum depth estimates are validated at 1,503 waterbodies, making use of several observed data sources. We also provide estimations for head-Area-Volume (h-A-V) relationships of the HydroLAKES waterbodies, driven from the bathymetric maps of the GLOBathy dataset. The h-A-V relationships provide essential information for water balance and hydrological studies of global waterbody systems.
The organization of the movement depends mainly on the anticipation of its sensory and emotional consequences
Authors: Vernazza-Martin S. , Ferrel-Chapus C. , Fautrelle L. , Lachaud L. , Dru V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo sources of emotions influence directed actions, namely, those associated with the environment and those that are consequences of the action. The present study examines the impact of these emotions on movement preparation. It invokes theories from psychology, i.e., ideomotor theory and motor control's cognitive approach through movement analysis. In addition to their action readiness, emotions related to the environment can interfere with actions directed towards a goal. However, intentional action involves a goal that will cause satisfaction when achieved. While most studies consider each emotion's influence separately, few studies confront them to study their respective impact. In the current study, thirty-two right-handed young adults reach for a left target with a stylus that will reduce or enlarge an emotional picture that is initially present (nontarget stimulus). Kinematic analyses show that anticipating the pointing's emotional consequences impacts the final pointing position. All other results emphasize the impact of reducing or enlarging on the preparation and control of movement depending on the direction of movement. The emotional consequences of the action is a weighting factor that is relevant to the action goal and subject's intention, but it is less important than the action's visual consequences.
Gradient association between pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus among households with a tuberculosis case: a contact tracing-based study
Authors: Guo Shengqiong , Lei Shiguang , Li Jinlan , Li Ling , Chen Huijuan , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remain high morbidity and mortality, especially when they are comorbid with each other. Screening for diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis is essential as the incidence and mortality of DM in the population with PTB are higher than in the general people. We aimed to examine the gradient association of tuberculosis on developing DM, the additional yield and the number needed to screen (NNS) to find a new diabetes case. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 801 tuberculosis cases and 972 household contacts in Guizhou, China, from April 2019 to October 2020. After screening for PTB among contacts, all participants were screened for DM and interviewed. Kendall’s tau-b test and proportional odds logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the gradient associations. Among the 1773 subjects, the additional yield of screening was 21.8%. The NNSs of the non-PTB group, the sputum-culture negative and positive groups were 50, 60 and 113, respectively. The gradient incremental establishment of DM and PTB were positively correlated. The general trend on the gradient of DM significantly increased with the gradient increase of PTB. Age 35 years and over, excessive edible oil intake and DM family history were identified as significant predictors of diabetes. Integrated screening for DM targeted to different gradients of PTB combined with associated factors is necessitated to achieve a higher additional yield.
Impact of COVID-19 on food insecurity using multiple waves of high frequency household surveys
Authors: Dasgupta Shouro , Robinson Elizabeth J. Z. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn response to the rapid spread of COVID-19, governments across the globe have implemented local lockdowns that have led to increased unemployment and have disrupted local and international transport routes and supply chains. Whilst such efforts aim to slow or stop the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, they have also resulted in increased food insecurity, whether due to reduced incomes or increased food prices. This is the first paper to track food insecurity and its determinants during the pandemic using multi-country and multi-wave evidence. Using data from 11 countries and up to 6 waves of High-Frequency Phone Survey data (household-level surveys) on COVID-19 and its impacts, we use a fixed-effects linear probability model to investigate the socioeconomic determinants of food insecurity during the pandemic for each country using household-level data over multiple waves. We control for socioeconomic characteristics including gender and education of the household head; income and poverty status of the households during the pandemic; safety nets in the form of cash and food assistance; coping strategies adopted by households; and price effects of major food items. Our findings suggest that cash safety nets appear to have been more effective than food in terms of reducing food insecurity during the pandemic; and that those particularly hard hit are female headed-households (highest in Malawi: 0.541, 95% CI 0.516, 0.569; lowest in Cambodia: 0.023, 95% CI 0.022, 0.024), the less educated (highest in Djibouti: − 0.232, 95% CI − 0.221, − 0.244; lowest in Nigeria: 0.006, 95% CI − 0.005, − 0.007), and poorer households (highest in Mali: 0.382, 95% CI 0.364, 0.402; lowest in Chad: 0.135, 95% CI 0.129, 0.142). In line with the existing literature, our results show that, even controlling for income loss and poverty status, those households who had to borrow rather than rely on savings had a higher probability of suffering from food insecurity. Distinct differences in the efficacy of safety nets across the 11 countries, and the differential impact of the pandemic on different groups within societies, suggest in-depth country-specific studies are needed to understand why some countries have coped better than others. Our paper highlights the importance of improving household resilience to future systemic crises, and using evidence-based best practice in the design of relevant policy instruments.
Single cell RNA sequencing reveals differentiation related genes with drawing implications in predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in gliomas
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Wei JinHong , Yang Zeruo , Bao Yue , Jiang Wenbo , Lu Bin , Wang Weimin , Li Luo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDifferentiation states of glioma cells correlated with prognosis and tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) in patients with gliomas. We aimed to identify differentiation related genes (DRGs) for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with gliomas. We identified three differentiation states and the corresponding DRGs in glioma cells through single-cell transcriptomics analysis. Based on the DRGs, we separated glioma patients into three clusters with distinct clinicopathological features in combination with bulk RNA-seq data. Weighted correlation network analysis, univariate cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis were involved in the construction of the prognostic model based on DRGs. Distinct clinicopathological characteristics, TIME, immunogenomic patterns and immunotherapy responses were identified across three clusters. A DRG signature composing of 12 genes were identified for predicting the survival of glioma patients and nomogram model integrating the risk score and multi-clinicopathological factors were constructed for clinical practice. Patients in high-risk group tended to get shorter overall survival and better response to immune checkpoint blockage therapy. We obtained 9 candidate drugs through comprehensive analysis of the differentially expressed genes between the low and high-risk groups in the model. Our findings indicated that the risk score may not only contribute to the determination of prognosis but also facilitate in the prediction of immunotherapy response in glioma patients.
Classification of subtypes including LCNEC in lung cancer biopsy slides using convolutional neural network from scratch
Authors: Yang Jung Wook , Song Dae Hyun , An Hyo Jung , Seo Sat Byul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentifying the lung carcinoma subtype in small biopsy specimens is an important part of determining a suitable treatment plan but is often challenging without the help of special and/or immunohistochemical stains. Pathology image analysis that tackles this issue would be helpful for diagnoses and subtyping of lung carcinoma. In this study, we developed AI models to classify multinomial patterns of lung carcinoma; ADC, LCNEC, SCC, SCLC, and non-neoplastic lung tissue based on convolutional neural networks (CNN or ConvNet). Four CNNs that were pre-trained using transfer learning and one CNN built from scratch were used to classify patch images from pathology whole-slide images (WSIs). We first evaluated the diagnostic performance of each model in the test sets. The Xception model and the CNN built from scratch both achieved the highest performance with a macro average AUC of 0.90. The CNN built from scratch model obtained a macro average AUC of 0.97 on the dataset of four classes excluding LCNEC, and 0.95 on the dataset of three subtypes of lung carcinomas; NSCLC, SCLC, and non-tumor, respectively. Of particular note is that the relatively simple CNN built from scratch may be an approach for pathological image analysis.
High sensitivity Troponins In Patients with elevated prohormone of beta natriuretic peptide and acute heart failure (HIGH TRIP Trial)
Authors: Alhejily Wesam A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn patients presented to emergency rooms, Pro hormone of Natriuretic Peptide (Pro BNP) essay is overly sensitive test to rule out heart failure but less specific in predicting outcomes in follow-ups, in this study we ought to find the added value of High Sensitivity cardiac Troponin I (Hs-cTn I), in patients presented acutely with heart failure and its impact on mortality when Pro BNP is highly elevated. Prospective cohort study, inclusion criteria were age above 18 and clearly positive NT Pro BNP > 1000 pg/ml, with 12 months follow up period, primary end point was mortality from heart failure, secondary endpoint was need for rehospitalization. 95 patients were enrolled, divided into overt and non-overt pulmonary edema groups. Mean (Pro BNP) was 6184 and 5927 pg/ml and mean (Hs-cTn I) were 19.27 and 0.17 ng/ml respectively, Mean Ejection fraction was 48 ± 7 and 47 ± 7 for each group sequentially. Mortality rate was 4 (13%) in the higher Hs-c Tn I group, and 1 (1.6%) in the low troponin level group p = .03, odd ratio was 8.5, 95% CI (0.9–80). Need for re-hospitalization was present in 12 (38%) Vs 7 (8%) patients, p = .0081, odd ratio 4.8, 95% CI (1.7–14.2). In COX proportional hazard analysis, only Hs-cTn I was a significant predictor of poor outcome in this high-risk cohort with p = 0.0001. Adding (Hs-cTrop I) assay to the panel of laboratory testing, in patients presented to ER with acute heart failure and with high Pro-BNP > 1000, may further predicts mortality and rehospitalization rate.
Shared genomic architecture between COVID-19 severity and numerous clinical and physiologic parameters revealed by LD score regression analysis
Authors: Byun Jinyoung , Han Younghun , Walsh Kyle M. , Park Amy S. , Bondy Melissa L. , Amos Christopher I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has produced broad clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to hospitalization and death. Despite progress from genomic and clinical epidemiology research, risk factors for developing severe COVID-19 are incompletely understood and identification of modifiable risk factors is desperately needed. We conducted linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) analysis to estimate cross-trait genetic correlation between COVID-19 severity and various polygenic phenotypes. To attenuate the genetic contribution of smoking and BMI, we further conducted sensitivity analyses by pruning genomic regions associated with smoking/BMI and repeating LDSR analyses. We identified robust positive associations between the genetic architecture of severe COVID-19 and both BMI and smoking. We observed strong positive genetic correlation (rg) with diabetes (rg = 0.25) and shortness of breath walking on level ground (rg = 0.28) and novel protective associations with vitamin E (rg = − 0.53), calcium (rg = − 0.33), retinol (rg = − 0.59), Apolipoprotein A (rg = − 0.13), and HDL (rg = − 0.17), but no association with vitamin D (rg = − 0.02). Removing genomic regions associated with smoking and BMI generally attenuated the associations, but the associations with nutrient biomarkers persisted. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the shared genetic architecture of COVID-19 severity and numerous clinical/physiologic parameters. Associations with blood and plasma-derived traits identified biomarkers for Mendelian randomization studies to explore causality and nominates therapeutic targets for clinical evaluation.
Deep Q‐network application for optimal energy management in a grid‐tied solar PV‐Battery microgrid
Authors: Muriithi Grace , Chowdhury Sunetra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a deep Q‐network (DQN) technique to optimally manage energy resources in a microgrid in which the algorithm learns tasks in the same way as humans do. Every move the agent makes in the environment generates feedback which then motivate the agent to learn more about the environment and perform far more intelligent steps later in its learning stages. This paper proposes a DQN‐based energy management system that learns system uncertainties, including load demand, grid prices and volatile renewable power supply to ensure that energy is optimally dispatched in such a setting. The method uses experience replay and target network to increase learning speed and improve stability in previous research. The performance of the system is evaluated with slow, medium, and fast fluctuating load profiles and their combinations and also with different sets of actions. The system is designed to minimize both grid transactional costs and battery degradation costs. Results shows that the proposed system successfully learns from experience to raise the battery state of charge and optimally shift loads from a one‐time instance, reducing aggregate peak load and cost of energy purchased from the utility grid while maximizing revenue from energy exported to the grid.
Evaluating Children and Adolescents with Suspected Exercise Induced
Asthma: Real Life Data
Authors: Dreßler Melanie , Donath Helena , Quang Thao Uyen , Hutter Martin , Trischler Jordis , Zielen Stefan , Schulze Johannes , Blümchen Katharina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) occurs frequently in
children and adolescents and may be a sign of insufficient asthma control. EIB
is often evaluated by respiratory symptoms, spirometry, eNO measurement and
methacholine testing (MCT) instead of time consuming exercise test. Aim of this
study was to analyse the amount of patients for which an exercise challenge in a
cold chamber (ECC) was needed for a clear EIB diagnosis, to characterize EIB
phenotypes and the incidence of exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in
a large cohort of patients with EIB.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 595 children and
adolescents (mean age 12.1 years) with suspected EIB from January 2014 to
December 2018. Complete data sets of skin prick test, spirometry, eNO and MCT
were available from 336 patients.
Results An ECC to confirm the EIB diagnosis was performed in 125
(37.2%) of patients. Three EIB phenotypes were detected: group 1: EIB
without allergic sensitization (n=159); group 2: EIB with other than
house dust mite (HDM) sensitization (n=87) and group 3: EIB with HDM
sensitization (n=90). MCT and eNO showed significant differences between
the subgroups: An eNO>46 ppb and/or a MCT<0.1 mg
was found in 23.9% vs. 50.6% vs. 57.8% in group
1–3, respectively. Significantly more patients suffered from EILO in
group 1 compared to group 2 and 3 (n=13 vs. n=1).
Conclusion EIB without sensitization is as often as EIB with
sensitization. In patients without sensitization, EILO has to be considered as a
possible cause of symptoms during exercise.
Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Minimally Invasive CABG Management in COPD
Authors: Assmann Anna Kathrin , Lichtenberg Artur , Assmann Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Off-pump multi-arterial minimally invasive coronary surgery via anterolateral mini-thoracotomy has become a feasible and safe procedure.
Case Description We report on a 61-year-old patient with a coronary one-vessel disease with severely stenotic left anterior descending artery and diagonal branch, additionally suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with severely impaired lung function. Using a fan technique allowing for double lung ventilation, the patient was successfully operated grafting both internal thoracic arteries via a left anterolateral mini-thoracotomy.
Conclusion Anaortic, minimally invasive off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is an excellent technique to achieve myocardial revascularization with both internal thoracic arteries even in patients with impaired lung function.
SiAl composite feedhorn arrays for astrophysical applications: Cryogenic material properties
Authors: Ali Aamir M. , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Marriage Tobias , Appel John W. , Bennett Charles L. , Berkeley Matthew R. , Bulcha Berhanu , Chuss David T. , Dahal Sumit , Denis Kevin L. , Rostem Karwan , U-Yen Kongpop , Wollack Edward J. , Zeng Lingzhen 
Published: February 2022

A study investigating the physical properties and use of the SiAl composite Controlled Expansion 7 (CE7) for the packaging of silicon bolometric detectors for millimeter-wave astrophysical applications at cryogenic temperatures is presented. The existing interfaces to such detectors are typically made of either ductile metals or micro-machined silicon. As a composite of Si and Al, we find that CE7 exhibits properties of both in ways that may be advantageous for this application. This exploration of the physical properties of CE7 reveals: (a) superconductivity below a critical transition temperature, Tc ∼ 1.2 K; (b) a thermal contraction profile much closer to Si than metal substrates; (c) the relatively low thermal conductivity anticipated for a superconductor, which can be improved by Au-plating; and (d) the feasibility of machining mechanical features with tolerances of ∼25 µm. We further discuss the use of CE7 in the cosmology large angular scale surveyor telescope array, which deployed CE7 in several of its detector focal planes.
Noise-oriented quantum optical gyrometry
Authors: Krasionov I.I. , Il’ichev L.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
By the example of an optical gyroscope scheme, a new method for improving the accuracy of phase measurements is considered. In the rotation-recording Mach – Zehnder interferometer, a two-mode squeezed vacuum is used as an input state. This does not allow realising the traditional scheme, since the average value of the difference signal at the output is always zero. However, it is shown that information about the magnitude of the rotation angular velocity of the instrument reference frame is contained in the noise level of the difference signal. The possibility of reaching the Heisenberg limit of the measurement accuracy is demonstrated.