bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decline in whistling rat (Parotomys brantsii) density: Possible response to climate change in the Karoo, South Africa
Authors: Milton Suzanne J. , Short Stefan , Dean W. Richard J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe burrow systems (warrens) of whistling rat Parotomys brantsii are confined to patches of deep soil (biogenic mounds known as heuweltjies) on stony plains in the arid Succulent Karoo region of South Africa. Whistling rat warrens were recorded on heuweltjies at the Tierberg Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the southern Karoo, Western Cape Province, South Africa, on eight occasions between 1988 and 2001. Increasing temperatures over the study period combined with a severe drought from 2015 to 2021 caused a 36% dieback in perennial shrub cover on the research site. The percentage of heuweltjies occupied by whistling rats declined from 44% occupation to 20% occupation between 2005 and 2021 during unusually hot, dry conditions indicated by low values in the Standardised Evapotranspiration Index. Around their warrens, whistling rats had no influence on species richness of perennial plants but reduced vegetation cover.
Clinical impact of bile‐derived exosomal microRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for biliary tract cancers
Authors: Yoshida Michihiro , Yukawa Hiroshi , Hayashi Kazuki , Naitoh Itaru , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Hori Yasuki , Natsume Makoto , Jinno Naruomi , Kato Akihisa , Kachi Kenta , Asano Go , Sahashi Hidenori , Toyohara Tadashi , Kuno Kayoko , Kito Yusuke , Kondo Hiromu , Hirano Atsuyuki , Okumura Fumihiro , Anbe Kaiki , Baba Yoshinobu , Kataoka Hiromi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSampling of bile juice during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has potential benefit of being amenable to the identification of novel biomarkers in liquid biopsy. This study reports the results of a global investigation of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in bile to identify potential biomarkers for biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Eighty‐eight bile samples collected during ERCP (45 BTC and 43 noncancer control samples) were enrolled in this study. Eleven BTC samples and nine control samples were assigned as the discovery set. Exosomes in bile and serum samples were collected using a glass membrane column with size‐controlled macroporous glass (MPG), and exosomal miRNA expression profiles were evaluated using comprehensive miRNA microarray analysis (3D‐Gene). For validation, exosomal miRNA in the bile samples of 34 BTCs and 34 controls were comprehensively evaluated using 3D‐Gene. In the discovery set, eight exosomal miRNAs in bile were identified as significant aberrant expression markers, while no miRNA with aberrant expression in serum was identified. In a comparison of the discovery and validation sets, miR‐451a and miR‐3619‐3p were identified as reproducible upregulated markers, and the combination of the two bile miRNAs showed an excellent area under the curve (0.819) value for diagnosing BTCs. In addition, high miR‐3619‐3p expression in bile reflects poorer prognosis of BTCs (hazard ratio = 2.89). The MPG‐extracted exosomal miRNAs in bile aspirated during ERCP provide a convenient new approach for diagnosing biliary diseases. Bile‐derived miRNA analysis with miR‐451a and miR‐3619‐3p represents a potentially valuable diagnostic strategy for identifying BTCs as well as a predictive indicator of BTC prognosis.
Individual investors and social ownership structures in the UK before the 1930s: Joint holdings and trustee investment
Authors: Rutterford Janette , Sotiropoulos Dimitris P. , van Lieshout Carry 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAfter the introduction of limited liability, a growing number of individuals in Britain from a widening social spectrum, including the less affluent, began to own stocks and shares. Drawing upon a unique and large dataset of 35 848 investors between 1870 and 1935, this study analyses joint holdings which have been a neglected aspect of investor behaviour. Our findings reveal that joint holdings were quite common and that about one in five UK investors were involved in a joint investment. Men were more likely to be joint holders than women for reasons related to institutions of social ownership such as trusts and executorships.
Mesoproterozoic surface oxygenation accompanied major sedimentary manganese deposition at 1.4 and 1.1 Ga
Authors: Spinks Sam C. , Sperling Erik A. , Thorne Robert L. , LaFountain Felicity , White Alistair J. R. , Armstrong Joseph , Woltering Martijn , Tyler Ian M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractManganese (Mn) oxidation in marine environments requires oxygen (O2) or other reactive oxygen species in the water column, and widespread Mn oxide deposition in ancient sedimentary rocks has long been used as a proxy for oxidation. The oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere and oceans across the Archean‐Proterozoic boundary are associated with massive Mn deposits, whereas the interval from 1.8–1.0 Ga is generally believed to be a time of low atmospheric oxygen with an apparent hiatus in sedimentary Mn deposition. Here, we report geochemical and mineralogical analyses from 1.1 Ga manganiferous marine‐shelf siltstones from the Bangemall Supergroup, Western Australia, which underlie recently discovered economically significant manganese deposits. Layers bearing Mn carbonate microspheres, comparable with major global Mn deposits, reveal that intense periods of sedimentary Mn deposition occurred in the late Mesoproterozoic. Iron geochemical data suggest anoxic‐ferruginous seafloor conditions at the onset of Mn deposition, followed by oxic conditions in the water column as Mn deposition persisted and eventually ceased. These data imply there was spatially widespread surface oxygenation ~1.1 Ga with sufficiently oxic conditions in shelf environments to oxidize marine Mn(II). Comparable large stratiform Mn carbonate deposits also occur in ~1.4 Ga marine siltstones hosted in underlying sedimentary units. These deposits are greater or at least commensurate in scale (tonnage) to those that followed the major oxygenation transitions from the Neoproterozoic. Such a period of sedimentary manganogenesis is inconsistent with a model of persistently low O2 throughout the entirety of the Mesoproterozoic and provides robust evidence for dynamic redox changes in the mid to late Mesoproterozoic.
Tropical surface temperature response to vegetation cover changes and the role of drylands
Authors: Feldman Andrew F. , Short Gianotti Daniel J. , Dong Jianzhi , Trigo Isabel F. , Salvucci Guido D. , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVegetation cover creates competing effects on land surface temperature: it typically cools through enhancing energy dissipation and warms via decreasing surface albedo. Global vegetation has been previously found to overall net cool land surfaces with cooling contributions from temperate and tropical vegetation and warming contributions from boreal vegetation. Recent studies suggest that dryland vegetation across the tropics strongly contributes to this global net cooling feedback. However, observation‐based vegetation‐temperature interaction studies have been limited in the tropics, especially in their widespread drylands. Theoretical considerations also call into question the ability of dryland vegetation to strongly cool the surface under low water availability. Here, we use satellite observations to investigate how tropical vegetation cover influences the surface energy balance. We find that while increased vegetation cover would impart net cooling feedbacks across the tropics, net vegetal cooling effects are subdued in drylands. Using observations, we determine that dryland plants have less ability to cool the surface due to their cooling pathways being reduced by aridity, overall less efficient dissipation of turbulent energy, and their tendency to strongly increase solar radiation absorption. As a result, while proportional greening across the tropics would create an overall biophysical cooling feedback, dryland tropical vegetation reduces the overall tropical surface cooling magnitude by at least 14%, instead of enhancing cooling as suggested by previous global studies.
Efficacy of cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A single‐center study in Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Ishii Makoto , Yoshimura Akihiro , Hayashi Takuji , Kawamura Norihiko , Nagahara Akira , Nakai Yasutomo , Nakayama Masashi , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Nishimura Kazuo 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesCabazitaxel is a next‐generation taxane that can prolong overall survival after docetaxel treatment in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. However, the efficacy of cabazitaxel varies among these patients. The clinical indicators of the prognosis after cabazitaxel treatment were analyzed.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who received cabazitaxel between February 2015 and June 2021 was performed. All patients had metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Prognostic factors for prostate‐specific antigen progression‐free and overall survival were analyzed by Cox proportional‐hazards analysis and the log‐rank test.ResultsThe study comprised 57 patients who received cabazitaxel (median 4 cycles, range 1–27) at a starting dose of 15–25 mg/m2. The median age and follow‐up duration were 70 years and 9.2 months. The median prostate‐specific antigen progression‐free survival and overall survival were 2.6 and 10.5 months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that previous androgen receptor‐axis‐targeted therapy before cabazitaxel treatment was the only significant risk factor (hazard ratio 2.784, p = 0.022) for prostate‐specific antigen progression‐free survival. Multivariate analysis for overall survival revealed that poor performance status (≥1) (hazard ratio 2.107, p = 0.039), low hemoglobin (hazard ratio 0.142, p = 0.010), and high neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (hazard ratio 9.150, p = 0.032) at baseline were significantly associated with a poor prognosis.ConclusionsPrevious androgen receptor‐axis‐targeted therapy was the only risk factor for biochemical progression. Poor performance status, anemia, and high neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with cabazitaxel. These risk factors seem useful for identifying patients with survival benefit from cabazitaxel treatment.
The importance of seawater tolerance and native status in mediating the distribution of inland fishes
Authors: Cano‐Barbacil Carlos , Radinger Johannes , García‐Berthou Emili 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimUnravelling the ecological and historical factors that underlie species distributions has challenged ecologists for a long time. Thus, our objective is to understand the role of environmental variables explaining the distribution of three major eco‐evolutionary groups of inland fishes (Darlington's divisions: primary, i.e. strict freshwater; secondary, i.e. salt‐tolerant; and peripheral, i.e. diadromous and marine origin), and how these variables are related to fish traits.LocationIberian Peninsula.Taxon51 native and 17 alien inland fish species from the Iberian Peninsula.MethodsWe modelled distributions of the most common inland fish species across the Iberian Peninsula to compare the importance of different predictors among the three Darlington's divisions and between native and alien species. To explore the importance of specific environmental variables in determining the distribution of different traits of inland fish, variable importances obtained from species distribution models were subjected to a redundancy analysis.ResultsDarlington's divisions differ significantly in salinity tolerance, in distribution overlap, in the importance of distribution predictors and associated life‐history traits. Topographic and climatic variables were generally more important than land use and anthropogenic factors in explaining fish distributions. We found significant differences in the importance of variables explaining the distribution of native vs. alien species and especially among Darlington's divisions. River basin was most important for primary native and many alien species. Increasing mean temperature and damming were positively associated with the presence of tolerant, large‐bodied and warm‐water alien species from more hydrologically stable habitats.Main conclusionsDespite marked differences in the distribution patterns of native and alien species, evolutionary and introduction histories as well as seawater tolerance are central factors explaining the current distribution of inland fishes. Darlington's divisions proved useful for addressing ecological and biogeographical questions at broader spatial scales.
Effect of mHealth interventions on psychological issues experienced by women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akingbade Oluwadamilare , Nguyen Khanh Thi , Chow Ka Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundA range of psychological issues often accompany breast cancer chemotherapy. Due to their ubiquity, mobile phones have been used to deliver supportive interventions addressing these issues. However, we currently lack sufficient evidence to guide the design of such interventions.AimTo analyse and synthesise available evidence on the effectiveness of mobile‐phone‐based (mHealth) interventions in alleviating the psychological issues experienced by women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted from 14 relevant databases. Revman 5.4 was used to pool the quantitative results from comparable studies for statistical meta‐analysis. For clinically heterogeneous studies where statistical pooling of results was not possible, a narrative summary was used to present the findings.ResultsThe review included nine RCTs which covered 1457 patients. The meta‐analysis results indicated a significant improvement in the quality of life (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.07, 0.58], p = .01, I2 = 17%). No significant effects were found for anxiety (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI [−0.26, 0.25], p = .96, I2 = 53%) and depression (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI [−0.17, 0.20], p = .87, I2 = 0%). Individual studies suggest reduced symptom prevalence (p = .033, d = 0.27), symptom distress (p = .004, d = 0.34), symptom interference (p = .02, d = 0.51), supportive care needs (p < .05, d = 2.43); improved self‐efficacy (p = .03, d = 0.53), self‐esteem (p < .001, d = 0.87) and emotional functioning (p = .008, d = 0.30). The methodological quality ranged from low to moderate.ConclusionmHealth interventions might help address certain psychological issues experienced by this population, although the evidence is still being gathered and not yet conclusive. More rigorous trials are warranted to confirm the suitable duration while addressing the methodological flaws found in previous studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021224307.
Selecting Innovation Projects: Do Middle and Senior Managers Differ When It Comes to Radical Innovation?
Authors: Wilden Ralf , Lin Nidthida , Hohberger Jan , Randhawa Krithika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDrawing on the attention‐based view, we theorize about the differences in middle and senior managers' choices to pursue innovation projects. We test our hypotheses in an experimental study examining the decision‐making processes of 180 senior and middle managers in selecting, or not, 2880 innovation projects. We find that managers differ in how they select innovation projects in general, and this difference becomes even more salient when such selections involve radical innovation. Specifically, when considering a radical innovation project, middle managers place more value on innovation characteristics required to complete the project, such as social capital and internal knowledge resources. In comparison, senior managers are concerned only with external knowledge resources, which can benefit radical innovation. Our study highlights the need to understand the role of middle managers, who frequently lead the implementation of innovation projects, and provides a theoretical underpinning for the differences in middle and senior managers' decision‐making.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of fibrosis in Italian primary care services
Authors: Miele Luca , Grattagliano Ignazio , Lapi Francesco , Dajko Marianxhela , De Magistris Antonio , Liguori Antonio , De Matthaeis Nicoletta , Rossi Alessandro , Gasbarrini Antonio , Cricelli Claudio , Grieco Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsThe prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD and the probability of liver fibrosis in Italian primary care services.MethodsWe carried out a population‐based and nested case–control study including all individuals aged 18 years and above registered at Italian primary care services. Data were collected from the general practitioners' network from 2010 to 2017. NAFLD cases were identified via the ICD‐9‐CM and Hepatic Steatosis Index score > 36 and were matched each up to 10 controls. Other causes of liver diseases were excluded. The risk of fibrosis was assessed using the FIB‐4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores (NFS).ResultsNAFLD was present in 9% of the primary care population with high regional variability. Among NAFLD subjects: 25% had diabetes, 10% had chronic kidney disease, 11% had cardiovascular disease and 28% were obese. Furthermore, 30% had at least two comorbidities and 13% had cirrhosis. Once cirrhosis was excluded, the risk of any degree of fibrosis was 13.8% with NFS and 20.5% with FIB‐4 in subjects <65 years.ConclusionsEven if there is an identification gap in primary care, recorded cases with NAFLD have a high frequency of associated comorbidities. Despite regional variability, a close relation between cirrhosis and NAFLD exists (OR: 3.48, 95% CI: 3.23–3.76). Therefore, the use of non‐invasive tests should be promoted in primary care as a useful tool for the early identification of fibrosis risk, independently of evidence of steatosis.
Searching for green elephants and other mythical creatures during the Trump years: Partisanship and congressional voting on environmental legislation
Authors: Fowler Luke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAre there any environmentalists left in the Republican Party? Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and data from the League of Conservation Voters (LCV) for the 115th (2017–2018) and 116th (2019–2020) Congresses, the author finds that around 25% of Republicans in the House of Representatives and 40% of those in the Senate are more supportive of environmental legislation than the average Democrat in their respective chambers, when separating partisanship from environmentalism. However, findings also suggest that environmentalism for Republicans tends to focus far more on conserving existing programs and resources than it does on advocating for progressive new policies to address emerging problems, like climate change, so it manifests differently than environmentally focused initiatives that are synonymous with the policy doctrine of Democrats.Related ArticlesDunning, Kelly Heber. 2021. “Unlikely Conservation Policy Making in a Polarized Congress: A Multiple Streams Analysis of ‘America's Most Successful Conservation Program’.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 93–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12448.Gershtenson, Joseph, Brian W. Smith, and William R. Mangun. 2006. “Friends of the Earth? Partisanship, Party Control of Congress, and Environmental Legislation in Congress.” Politics & Policy 34(1): 66–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00004.x.Wink, Kenneth A., and Andrew Bargen. 2008. “The Consolidation of the White Southern Congressional Vote: The Roles of Ideology and Party Identification.” Politics & Policy 36(3): 376–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00113.x.
Evidence that miR168a contributes to salinity tolerance of Brassica rapa L. via mediating melatonin biosynthesis
Authors: Shamloo‐Dashtpagerdi Roohollah , Lindlöf Angelica , Tahmasebi Sirous 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMelatonin is a master regulator of diverse biological processes, including plant's abiotic stress responses and tolerance. Despite the extensive information on the role of melatonin in response to abiotic stress, how plants regulate endogenous melatonin content under stressful conditions remains largely unknown. In this study, we computationally mined Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) libraries of salinity‐exposed Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) to identify the most reliable differentially expressed miRNA and its target gene(s). In light of these analyses, we found that miR168a potentially targets a key melatonin biosynthesis gene, namely O‐METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (OMT1). Accordingly, molecular and physiochemical evaluations were performed in a separate salinity experiment using contrasting B. rapa genotypes. Then, the association between B. rapa salinity tolerance and changes in measured molecular and physiochemical characteristics was determined. Results indicated that the expression profiles of miR168a and OMT1 significantly differed between B. rapa genotypes. Moreover, the expression profiles of miR168a and OMT1 significantly correlated with more melatonin content, robust antioxidant activities, and better ion homeostasis during salinity stress. Our results suggest that miR168a plausibly mediates melatonin biosynthesis, mainly through the OMT1 gene, under salinity conditions and thereby contributes to the salinity tolerance of B. rapa. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the role of miR168a and OMT1 in B. rapa salinity response.