bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecularly Engineered Covalent Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis
Authors: Kou Mingpu , Wang Yongye , Xu Yixue , Ye Liqun , Huang Yingping , Jia Baohua , Li Hui , Ren Jiaqi , Deng Yu , Chen Jiahao , Zhou Ying , Lei Kai , Wang Li , Liu Wei , Huang Hongwei , Ma Tianyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSynthesizing H2O2 from water and air via a photocatalytic approach is ideal for efficient production of this chemical at small‐scale. However, the poor activity and selectivity of the 2 e− water oxidation reaction (WOR) greatly restricts the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production. Herein we prepare a bipyridine‐based covalent organic framework photocatalyst (denoted as COF‐TfpBpy) for H2O2 production from water and air. The solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency at 298 K and 333 K is 0.57 % and 1.08 %, respectively, which are higher than the current reported highest value. The resulting H2O2 solution is capable of degrading pollutants. A mechanistic study revealed that the excellent photocatalytic activity of COF‐TfpBpy is due to the protonation of bipyridine monomer, which promotes the rate‐determining reaction (2 e− WOR) and then enhances Yeager‐type oxygen adsorption to accelerate 2 e− one‐step oxygen reduction. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the COF‐catalyzed photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and air; and paves the way for wastewater treatment using photocatalytic H2O2 solution.
Peptoid‐Directed Formation of Five‐Fold Twinned Au Nanostars through Particle Attachment and Facet Stabilization
Authors: Jin Biao , Yan Feng , Qi Xin , Cai Bin , Tao Jinhui , Fu Xiaofeng , Tan Susheng , Zhang Peijun , Pfaendtner Jim , Naser Nada Y. , Baneyx François , Zhang Xin , DeYoreo James J. , Chen Chun‐Long 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile bio‐inspired synthesis offers great potential for controlling nucleation and growth of inorganic particles, precisely tuning biomolecule–particle interactions is a long‐standing challenge. Herein, we used variations in peptoid sequence to manipulate peptoid–Au interactions, leading to the synthesis of concave five‐fold twinned, five‐pointed Au nanostars via a process of repeated particle attachment and facet stabilization. Ex situ and liquid‐phase TEM observations show that a balance between particle attachment biased to occur near the star points, preferential growth along the [100] direction, and stabilization of (111) facets is critical to forming star‐shaped particles. Molecular simulations predict that interaction strengths between peptoids and distinct Au facets differ significantly and thus can alter attachment kinetics and surface energies to form the stars. This work provides new insights into how sequence‐defined ligands affect particle growth to regulate crystal morphology.
Single Cell Imaging of Electrochemiluminescence‐Driven Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Ming‐Ming , Xu Cong‐Hui , Zhao Wei , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report a photodynamic therapy driven by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The luminescence generated by Ru(bpy)32+ and co‐reactant tripropylamine (TPA) pair acts as both optical readout for ECL imaging, and light source for the excitation of photosensitizer to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) system. The ECL‐driven PDT (ECL‐PDT) relies on the effective energy transfer from ECL emission to photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), which sensitizes the surrounding O2 into ROS. The dynamic process of gradual morphological changes, the variation of cell‐matrix adhesions, as well as the increase of cell membrane permeability in the process of ECL‐PDT were monitored under ECL microscopy (ECLM) with good spatiotemporal resolution. Combining real‐time imaging with ECL‐PDT, this new strategy provides not only new insights into dynamic cellular processes, but also promising potential of ECL in clinical applications.
Alkylgold(III) Complexes Undergo Unprecedented Photo‐Induced β‐Hydride Elimination and Reduction for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jiang Jia , Cao Bei , Chen Yuting , Luo Hejiang , Xue Jiaying , Xiong Xiaolin , Zou Taotao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporally controllable activation of prodrugs within tumors is highly desirable for cancer therapy to minimize toxic side effects. Herein we report that stable alkylgold(III) complexes can undergo unprecedented photo‐induced β‐hydride elimination, releasing alkyl ligands and forming gold(III)‐hydride intermediates that could be quickly converted into bioactive [AuIII−S] adducts; meanwhile, the remaining alkylgold(III) complexes can photo‐catalytically reduce [AuIII−S] into more bioactive AuIspecies. Such photo‐reactivities make it possible to functionalize gold complexes on the auxiliary alkyl ligands without attenuating the metal–biomacromolecule interactions. As a result, the gold(III) complexes containing glucose‐functionalized alkyl ligands displayed efficient and tumor‐selective uptake; notably, after one‐ or two‐photon activation, the complexes exhibited high thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, potent cytotoxicity, and strong antiangiogenesis and antitumor activities in vivo.
Effect of particle size on the pyrolysis process of low‐rank coal: Assessment of structural evolution by N2 adsorption, Raman, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared
Authors: Wu Hao , Zou Chong , Zhen Xue‐Le , Ren Meng‐Meng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is of great theoretical significance and application value to study the influence of particle size difference of low‐rank coal on the structure of char and establish a relationship to regulate the pyrolysis process and performance of char. The structure changes of char prepared from raw coal with different particle sizes were analyzed by N2 adsorption, Raman, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results show that with the increase of pyrolysis temperature (500°C–700°C), the specific surface area of char first increases and then decreases and reaches the maximum value at 650°C. When the particle size of raw coal increases gradually, the process of volatile matter removal is limited by mass transfer, and the diffusion pore expansion makes the specific surface area and pore volume of char increase rapidly, and the char degree of ordering increases. The central sample of char prepared from raw coal with the same particle size has a larger specific surface area than the edge sample, which may be due to the restriction of mass transfer resistance in the release process of volatiles, resulting in a larger specific surface area of the central sample and a lower ordering degree of the central sample. The sample with pyrolysis temperature of 550°C was selected for comparison, and its structural parameters were inconsistent, because the volatiles were not removed at this temperature, which had a great impact on the structural evolution.
κ‐carrageenan/polyvinyl alcohol‐graphene oxide biopolymer composite membrane for application of air‐breathing passive direct ethanol fuel cells
Authors: Zakaria Zulfirdaus , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Kudus Muhammad Helmi Abdul , Wahid Khairul Anuar Abd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, new biopolymer composite membranes based on κ‐carrageenan, polyvinyl alcohol and graphene oxide (designated as κ‐car/PVA‐GO) were synthesized by casting method for the application of passive direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFCs). FTIR, XRD, and FESEM analysis proved that the κ‐car/PVA‐GO biopolymer composite membrane has been successfully fabricated. The fabrication of the κ‐car/PVA‐GO biopolymer composite membrane effectively increases the proton conductivity and ethanol barrier. The high proton conductivity is achieved 2.67 × 10−3 S/cm and the reduced permeability of ethanol 1.95 × 10−7 cm2/s at 30°C. Besides, PVA blend modification and the introduction of GO improve the mechanical properties of the κ‐car biopolymer. The maximum power density of the passive DEFCs is 3.84 mW/cm2 using the κ‐car/PVA‐GO biopolymer composite membrane, which is higher than the Nafion membrane, which achieved only 2.02 mW/cm2 in a similar operating condition of passive DEFCs at 30°C. Furthermore, the κ‐car/PVA‐GO biopolymer composite membrane could be maintained in a fuel cell atmosphere for 1000 h. According to our review of the literature, there are no studies have used the carrageenan‐based membrane in the application of passive DEFCs. This is a promising biopolymer electrolyte membrane for use in passive DEFCs.
The Prominent Role of Hematopoietic Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4 in Arthritis: Collagen‐ and Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor–Induced Arthritis Model in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Fukui Shoichi , Gutch Sarah , Fukui Saeko , Cherpokova Deya , Aymonnier Karen , Sheehy Casey E. , Chu Long , Wagner Denisa D. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveGenome‐wide association studies have connected PADI4, encoding peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PAD4 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. This study was undertaken to investigate the origin of PAD4 and the importance of NET formation in a C57BL/6 mouse model of arthritis.MethodsTo permit the effective use of C57BL/6 mice in the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model, we introduced the administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) for 4 consecutive days in conjunction with the booster immunization on day 21. Mice with global Padi4 deficiency (Padi4−/−) and mice with hematopoietic lineage–specific Padi4 deficiency (Padi4Vav1Cre/+) were evaluated in the model.ResultsG‐CSF significantly increased the incidence and severity of CIA. G‐CSF–treated mice showed elevated citrullinated histone H3 (Cit‐H3) levels in plasma, while vehicle‐treated mice did not. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed deposition of Cit‐H3 in synovial tissue in G‐CSF–treated mice. Padi4−/− mice developed less severe arthritis and had lower levels of serum interleukin‐6 and plasma Cit‐H3, lower levels of Cit‐H4 in synovial tissue, and less bone erosion on micro–computed tomography than Padi4+/+ mice in the G‐CSF–modified CIA model. Similarly, Padi4Vav1Cre/+ mice developed less severe arthritis, compared with Padi4fl/fl mice, and presented the same phenotype as Padi4−/− mice.ConclusionWe succeeded in developing an arthritis model suitable for use in C57BL/6 mice that is fully compliant with high animal welfare standards. We observed a >90% incidence of arthritis in male mice and detectable NET markers. This model, with some features consistent with human RA, demonstrates that hematopoietic PAD4 is an important contributor to arthritis development and may prove useful in future RA research.
An experimental and modelling analysis of cloud droplet growth from vehicular emissions with non‐ideal microphysics over an Asian mega‐city
Authors: Gumber Siddharth , Ghosh Satyajit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLarge cities in the developing world have unregulated traffic with dysfunctional diesel operated vehicles spewing out copious amounts of micron to sub‐micron sized soot and black carbon particles. These particles mix with other aerosol particles as they are lifted by buoyant eddies. It is shown that the particles are rendered partly soluble as they get coated with soluble sulphate to activate into cloud droplets. This multi‐component aerosol mixture thus comprises of fully soluble as well as partially soluble components so that mass accommodation and diffusional mass transfer considerations need to be carefully quantified over small non‐planar surfaces of aerosol particles sourced from such emissions. The emitted soot and black carbon particles have number concentrations comparable to the sulphate mode and are small enough that the assumption of an infinitely dilute solution droplet is untenable. An X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry indicates the presence of inorganic ions confirming the validity of non‐ideal solution effects warranting a closer look at the osmotic coefficients. Additionally, laboratory values of the binary diffusion coefficients of water vapour cannot be applied to processes operating over the cloud base located several kilometres above where the pressure and temperature are different. A full Lennard‐Jones diffusivity model is used with an accounting of the dipole moment of water vapour which most models ignore. This first study, combining these micro‐scale enhancements are included in a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) case study over an Asian city. Not only are significant differences obtained in the cloud morphology when compared to a baseline case, but modelled cloud optical depths agree better with observations.
Ultra‐centrifugation force in adaptive evolution changes the cell structure of oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum into a favorable space for lipid accumulation
Authors: Liu Qi , Lu Minping , Jin Ci , Hou Weiliang , Zhao Liao , Bao Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrobial lipid production from lignocellulose biomass provides an essential option for sustainable and carbon‐neutral supply of future aviation fuels, biodiesel, as well as various food and nutrition products. Oleaginous yeast is the major microbial cell factory but its lipid‐producing performance is far below the requirements of industrial application. Here we show an ultra‐centrifugation fractionation in adaptive evolution (UCF) of Trichosporon cutaneum based on the minor cell density difference. The lightest cells with the maximum intracellular lipid content were isolated by ultra‐centrifugation fractionation in the long‐term adaptive evolution. Significant changes occurred in the cell morphology with a fragile cell wall wrapping and enlarged intracellular space (two orders of magnitude increase in cell size). Complete and coordinate assimilations of all nonglucose sugars derived from lignocellulose were triggered and fluxed into lipid synthesis. Genome mutations and significant transcriptional regulations of the genes responsible for cell structure were identified and experimentally confirmed. The obtained T. cutaneum MP11 cells achieved a high lipid production of wheat straw, approximately five‐fold greater than that of the parental cells. The study provided an effective method for screening the high lipid‐containing oleaginous yeast cells as well as the intracellular products accumulating cells in general.
Interhemispheric functional connectivity asymmetry is distinctly affected in left and right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Zhao Xu , Kang Huicong , Zhou Zhiqiang , Hu Ying , Li Juan , Li Shihui , Li Jia , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe differences of functional connectivity (FC) and functional asymmetry between left and right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (LMTLE and RMTLE) have not been completely clarified yet. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the FC changes and the FC asymmetric patterns of MTLE, and to compare the differences in FC and functional asymmetry between LMTLE and RMTLE.MethodsIn total, 12 LMTLE, 11 RMTLE patients, and 23 healthy controls (HC) were included. Region of interest (ROI)‐based analysis was used to evaluate FC. The right functional connectivity (rFC) and left functional connectivity (lFC) of each ROI were calculated. Asymmetry index (AI) was calculated based on the following formula: . Paired t‐test and univariate analysis of variance were used to analyze FC asymmetry. Linear correlation analysis was performed between significant FC changes and lateralized ROIs and epilepsy onset age and duration.ResultsLMTLE and RMTLE patients showed different patterns of alteration in FC and functional asymmetry when compared with controls. RMTLE presented more extensive FC abnormalities than LMTLE. Regions in ipsilateral temporal lobe presented as central regions of abnormalities in both patient groups. In addition, the asymmetric characteristics of FC were reduced in MTLE compared with HC, with even more pronounced reduction for RMTLE group. Meanwhile, ROIs presented FC AI differences among the three groups were mostly involving left temporal lobe (L_hippo, L_amyg, L_TP, L_aMTG, and L_pTFusC). No correlation was found between significant FC changes and lateralized ROIs and epilepsy onset age and duration.ConclusionThe FC and asymmetric features of MTLE are altered and involve both the temporal lobe and extra‐temporal lobe. Furthermore, the altered FC and asymmetric features were distinctly affected in LMTLE and RMTLE compared to controls.
Treatment decision‐making during outpatient clinic visit of patients with esophagogastric cancer. The perspectives of clinicians and patients, a mixed method, multiple case study
Authors: Luijten Josianne C. H. B. M. , Brom Linda , Vissers Pauline A. J. , van de Wouw Yes. A. J. , Warmerdam Fabienne A. R. M. , Heisterkamp Joos , Mook Stella , Oulad Hadj Jamal , van Det Marc J. , Timmermans Liesbeth , Hulshof Maarten C. C. M. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Rosman Camiel , Siersema Peter D. , Westerman Marjan J. , Verhoeven Rob H. A. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe probability of undergoing treatment with curative intent according to the hospital of diagnosis varies for esophagogastric cancer in the Netherlands. Little is known about the factors contributing to this variation. This study aimed to improve the understanding of the differences between the multidisciplinary team meeting treatment proposal and the treatment that was actually carried out and to qualitatively investigate the differences in treatment decision‐making after the multidisciplinary team meeting treatment proposal between hospitals.MethodsTo gain an in‐depth understanding of treatment decision‐making, quantitative data (i.e., multidisciplinary team meeting proposal and treatment that was carried out) were collected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Changes in the multidisciplinary team meeting proposal and applied treatment comprised changes in the type of treatment option (i.e., curative or palliative, or no change) and were calculated according to the multivariable multilevel probability of undergoing treatment with curative intent (low, middle, and high). Qualitative data were collected from eight hospitals, including observations of 26 outpatient clinic consultations, 30 in‐depth interviews with clinicians, seven focus groups with clinicians, and three focus groups with patients. Clinicians and patients' perspectives were assessed using thematic content analysis.ResultsThe multidisciplinary team meeting proposal and applied treatment were concordant in 97% of the cases. Clinicians' implementation of treatment decision‐making in clinical practice varied, which was mentioned by the clinicians to be due to the clinician's personality and values. Differences between clinicians consisted of discussing all treatment options versus only the best fitting treatment option and the extent of discussing the benefits and harms. Most patients aimed to undergo curative treatment regardless of the consequences, since they believed this could prolong their life.ConclusionSince changes in the multidisciplinary team meeting‐proposed treatment and actual treatment were rarely observed, this study emphasizes the importance of an adequately formulated multidisciplinary team meeting proposal.
Systematic review of neighborhood socioeconomic indices studied across the cancer control continuum
Authors: Sorice Kristen A. , Fang Carolyn Y. , Wiese Daniel , Ortiz Angel , Chen Yuku , Henry Kevin A. , Lynch Shannon M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is extensive interest in understanding how neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) may affect cancer incidence or survival. However, variability regarding items included and approaches used to form a composite nSES index presents challenges in summarizing overall associations with cancer. Given recent calls for standardized measures of neighborhood sociodemographic effects in cancer disparity research, the objective of this systematic review was to identify and compare existing nSES indices studied across the cancer continuum (incidence, screening, diagnosis, treatment, survival/mortality) and summarize associations by race/ethnicity and cancer site to inform future cancer disparity studies.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, peer‐reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2019 containing keywords related to nSES and cancer were identified in PubMed.ResultsTwenty‐four nSES indices were identified from 75 studies. In general, findings indicated a significant association between nSES and cancer outcomes (n = 64/75 studies; 85.33%), with 42/64 (65.63%) adjusting for highly‐correlated individual SES factors (e.g., education). However, the direction of association differed by cancer site, race/ethnicity, and nSES index.ConclusionsThis review highlights several methodologic and conceptual issues surrounding nSES measurement and potential associations with cancer disparities. Recommendations pertaining to the selection of nSES measures are provided, which may help inform disparity‐related disease processes and improve the identification of vulnerable populations in need of intervention.
Rapid and High‐Throughput SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA Detection without RNA Extraction and Amplification by Using a Microfluidic Biochip
Authors: Chu Yujin , Qiu Jiaoyan , Wang Yihe , Wang Min , Zhang Yu , Han Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ongoing outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread globally and poses a threat to public health and National economic development. Rapid and high‐throughput SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection without the need of RNA extraction and amplification remain a key challenge. In this study, a new SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection strategy using a microfluidic biochip for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 without RNA extraction and amplification was developed. This new strategy takes advantage of the specific SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and probe DNA reaction in the microfluidic channel, fluorescence signal regulation by nanomaterials, and accurate sample control by the microfluidic chip. It presents an ultralow limit of detection of 600 copies mL−1 in a large linear detection regime from 1 aM to 100 fM. Fifteen samples were simultaneously detected in 40 min without the need for RNA purification and amplification. The detection accuracy of the strategy was validated through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), with a recovery of 99–113 %. Therefore, the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection strategy proposed in this study can potentially be used for the quantitative diagnosis of viral infectious diseases.
Fast and Cysteine‐Specific Modification of Peptides, Proteins and Bacteriophage Using Chlorooximes
Authors: Chen Fa‐Jie , Zheng Mengmeng , Nobile Vincent , Gao Jianmin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work reports a novel chlorooxime mediated modification of native peptides and proteins under physiologic conditions. This method features fast reaction kinetics (apparent k2=306±4 M−1s−1 for GSH) and exquisite selectivity for cysteine residues. This cysteine conjugation reaction can be carried out with just single‐digit micromolar concentrations of the labeling reagent. The conjugates show high stability towards acid, base, and external thiol nucleophiles. A nitrile oxide species generated in situ is likely involved as the key intermediate. Furthermore, a bis‐chlorooxime reagent is synthesized to enable facile Cys‐Cys stapling in native peptides and proteins. This highly efficient cysteine conjugation and stapling was further implemented on bacteriophage to construct chemically modified phage libraries.