bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La consommation de chocolat et ses topoï dans la fiction des Lumières
Authors: Ripoll Élodie 
Published: January 2022

This article investigates chocolate in Ancien Régime society through a selection of treatises, dictionaries, and novels from the Enlightenment. These texts provide valuable information on its benefits, preparation, and consumption – revealing new dietary as well as social rituals, closely linked to the libertine imagination. In addition, the novels inform the evolution of descriptive practices. The analysis of short excerpts enables us to propose a few topoi, such as “to take one’s chocolate,” “to invite to take chocolate,” “to feel pleasure with chocolate” or “(to attempt) to administer poison or narcotic in chocolate.”
Risk factors relate to the variability of health outcomes as well as the mean: A GAMLSS tutorial
Authors: Bann David , Wright Liam , Cole Tim J 
Published: January 2022

Background:Risk factors or interventions may affect the variability as well as the mean of health outcomes. Understanding this can aid aetiological understanding and public health translation, in that interventions which shift the outcome mean and reduce variability are typically preferable to those which affect only the mean. However, most commonly used statistical tools do not test for differences in variability. Tools that do have few epidemiological applications to date, and fewer applications still have attempted to explain their resulting findings. We thus provide a tutorial for investigating this using GAMLSS (Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape).Methods:The 1970 British birth cohort study was used, with body mass index (BMI; N = 6007) and mental wellbeing (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale; N = 7104) measured in midlife (42–46 years) as outcomes. We used GAMLSS to investigate how multiple risk factors (sex, childhood social class, and midlife physical inactivity) related to differences in health outcome mean and variability.Results:Risk factors were related to sizable differences in outcome variability—for example males had marginally higher mean BMI yet 28% lower variability; lower social class and physical inactivity were each associated with higher mean and higher variability (6.1% and 13.5% higher variability, respectively). For mental wellbeing, gender was not associated with the mean while males had lower variability (–3.9%); lower social class and physical inactivity were each associated with lower mean yet higher variability (7.2% and 10.9% higher variability, respectively).Conclusions:The results highlight how GAMLSS can be used to investigate how risk factors or interventions may influence the variability in health outcomes. This underutilised approach to the analysis of continuously distributed outcomes may have broader utility in epidemiologic, medical, and psychological sciences. A tutorial and replication syntax is provided online to facilitate this (https://osf.io/5tvz6/).Funding:DB is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/M001660/1), The Academy of Medical Sciences / Wellcome Trust (“Springboard Health of the Public in 2040” award: HOP001/1025); DB and LW are supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/V002147/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Model design and parameter optimization of CNN for side-channel cryptanalysis
Authors: Liu Yun Lin , Chen Yan Kai , Li Wei Xiong , Zhang Yang 
Published: January 2022

Background
The side-channel cryptanalysis method based on convolutional neural network (CNNSCA) can effectively carry out cryptographic attacks. The CNNSCA network models that achieve cryptanalysis mainly include CNNSCA based on the VGG variant (VGG-CNNSCA) and CNNSCA based on the Alexnet variant (Alex-CNNSCA). The learning ability and cryptanalysis performance of these CNNSCA models are not optimal, and the trained model has low accuracy, too long training time, and takes up more computing resources. In order to improve the overall performance of CNNSCA, the paper will improve CNNSCA model design and hyperparameter optimization.

Methods
The paper first studied the CNN architecture composition in the SCA application scenario, and derives the calculation process of the CNN core algorithm for side-channel leakage of one-dimensional data. Secondly, a new basic model of CNNSCA was designed by comprehensively using the advantages of VGG-CNNSCA model classification and fitting efficiency and Alex-CNNSCA model occupying less computing resources, in order to better reduce the gradient dispersion problem of error back propagation in deep networks, the SE (Squeeze-and-Excitation) module is newly embedded in this basic model, this module is used for the first time in the CNNSCA model, which forms a new idea for the design of the CNNSCA model. Then apply this basic model to a known first-order masked dataset from the side-channel leak public database (ASCAD). In this application scenario, according to the model design rules and actual experimental results, exclude non-essential experimental parameters. Optimize the various hyperparameters of the basic model in the most objective experimental parameter interval to improve its cryptanalysis performance, which results in a hyper-parameter optimization scheme and a final benchmark for the determination of hyper-parameters.

Results
Finally, a new CNNSCA model optimized architecture for attacking unprotected encryption devices is obtained—CNNSCAnew. Through comparative experiments, CNNSCAnew’s guessing entropy evaluation results converged to 61. From model training to successful recovery of the key, the total time spent was shortened to about 30 min, and we obtained better performance than other CNNSCA models.
Improving bioinformatics software quality through incorporation of software engineering practices
Authors: Noor Adeeb 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundBioinformatics software is developed for collecting, analyzing, integrating, and interpreting life science datasets that are often enormous. Bioinformatics engineers often lack the software engineering skills necessary for developing robust, maintainable, reusable software. This study presents review and discussion of the findings and efforts made to improve the quality of bioinformatics software.MethodologyA systematic review was conducted of related literature that identifies core software engineering concepts for improving bioinformatics software development: requirements gathering, documentation, testing, and integration. The findings are presented with the aim of illuminating trends within the research that could lead to viable solutions to the struggles faced by bioinformatics engineers when developing scientific software.ResultsThe findings suggest that bioinformatics engineers could significantly benefit from the incorporation of software engineering principles into their development efforts. This leads to suggestion of both cultural changes within bioinformatics research communities as well as adoption of software engineering disciplines into the formal education of bioinformatics engineers. Open management of scientific bioinformatics development projects can result in improved software quality through collaboration amongst both bioinformatics engineers and software engineers.ConclusionsWhile strides have been made both in identification and solution of issues of particular import to bioinformatics software development, there is still room for improvement in terms of shifts in both the formal education of bioinformatics engineers as well as the culture and approaches of managing scientific bioinformatics research and development efforts.
Hyaluronic acid plasma levels during high versus low tidal volume ventilation in a porcine sepsis model
Authors: Thomas Rainer , Liu Tanghua , Schad Arno , Ruemmler Robert , Kamuf Jens , Rissel René , Ott Thomas , David Matthias , Hartmann Erik K. , Ziebart Alexander 
Published: January 2022

Background
Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx can be observed regularly during sepsis. Moreover, sepsis may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which requires lung protective ventilation with the two cornerstones of application of low tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure. This study investigated the effect of a lung protective ventilation on the integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx in comparison to a high tidal volume ventilation mode in a porcine model of sepsis-induced ARDS.

Methods
After approval by the State and Institutional Animal Care Committee, 20 male pigs were anesthetized and received a continuous infusion of lipopolysaccharide to induce septic shock. The animals were randomly assigned to either low tidal volume ventilation, high tidal volume ventilation, or no-LPS-group groups and observed for 6 h. In addition to the gas exchange parameters and hematologic analyses, the serum hyaluronic acid concentrations were determined from central venous blood and from pre- and postpulmonary and pre- and postcerebral circulation. Post-mortem analysis included histopathological evaluation and determination of the pulmonary and cerebral wet-to-dry ratios.

Results
Both sepsis groups developed ARDS within 6 h of the experiment and showed significantly increased serum levels of hyaluronic acid in comparison to the no-LPS-group. No significant differences in the hyaluronic acid concentrations were detected before and after pulmonary and cerebral circulation. There was also no significant difference in the serum hyaluronic acid concentrations between the two sepsis groups. Post-mortem analysis showed no significant difference between the two sepsis groups.

Conclusion
In a porcine model of septic shock and ARDS, the serum hyaluronic acid levels were significantly elevated in both sepsis groups in comparison to the no-LPS-group. Intergroup comparison between lung protective ventilated and high tidal ventilated animals revealed no significant differences in the serum hyaluronic acid levels.
Salivary miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study
Authors: Mariam Arshiya , Miller-Atkins Galen , Moro Amika , Rodarte Alejandro I. , Siddiqi Shirin , Acevedo-Moreno Lou-Anne , Brown J. Mark , Allende Daniela S. , Aucejo Federico , Rotroff Daniel M. 
Published: January 2022

Background
Improved detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed, as current detection methods, such as alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound, suffer from poor sensitivity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate many cellular functions and impact cancer development and progression. Notably, miRNAs are detectable in saliva and have shown potential as non-invasive biomarkers for a number of cancers including breast, oral, and lung cancers. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first report of salivary miRNAs in HCC and compare these findings to patients with cirrhosis, a high-risk cohort for HCC.

Methods
We performed small RNA sequencing in 20 patients with HCC and 19 with cirrhosis. Eleven patients with HCC had chronic liver disease, and analyses were performed with these samples combined and stratified by the presence of chronic liver disease. P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate (FDR) approach and miRNA with FDR P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Differential expression of salivary miRNAs was compared to a previously published report of miRNAs in liver tissue of patients with HCC vs cirrhosis. Support vector machines and leave-one-out cross-validation were performed to determine if salivary miRNAs have predictive potential for detecting HCC.

Results
A total of 4,565 precursor and mature miRNAs were detected in saliva and 365 were significantly different between those with HCC compared to cirrhosis (FDR P < 0.05). Interestingly, 283 of these miRNAs were significantly downregulated in patients with HCC. Machine-learning identified a combination of 10 miRNAs and covariates that accurately classified patients with HCC (AUC = 0.87). In addition, we identified three miRNAs that were differentially expressed in HCC saliva samples and in a previously published study of miRNAs in HCC tissue compared to cirrhotic liver tissue.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates, for the first time, that miRNAs relevant to HCC are detectable in saliva, that salivary miRNA signatures show potential to be highly sensitive and specific non-invasive biomarkers of HCC, and that additional studies utilizing larger cohorts are needed.
Phytochemical & Pharmacological Investigation of Stems of Passiflora foetida
Authors: Antony N. Michael , Fernandes Jennifer , Mathew Jane 
Published: January 2022

Aims: To carry out extraction, preliminary phytochemical analysis and invivo analgesic screening of extract of the stem of Passiflora foetida L.
Methodology: Passiflora foetida L; Family: Passifloraceae, is an exotic fast-growing perennial and medicinal vine occurring in Germany, France and other European countries and USA and grown in different parts of India. Dried stems of Passiflora foetida L was coarsely powdered and maceration was done using Soxhlet apparatus. The ethanolic extract of stems of Passiflora foetida L was subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests. Then subjected to in vivo analgesic activity.
Results: Phytochemical investigation of the stem of Passiflora foetida L preliminary test showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids. Acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of stems of Passiflora foetida L was carried out and extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Pharmacological activities of stems of Passiflora foetida L was carried out from ethanolic extract.
Conclusion: Phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract of stems were carried out and Analgesic activity by tail flick method in rats and acetic acid induced writhing method in mice, showed statistically significant activity (P=.05) when compared to control. The ethanolic stem extract of Passiflora foetida L proved to have significant pain relieving action in a dose dependent manner.
Burns in a Suburban Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Record Review in Kanchipuram, India
Authors: Yoganathan Sai Aishwarya Thakku , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao Venkata , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Jayachandiran Anand Prasath , Rajendran Suresh 
Published: January 2022

Background: Burn injuries rank among the most severe type of injury with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn injuries not only affect patients physical health but also affects their social and psychological well being along with severe economic loss to the individual, their family and to the society. About 90% burn injuries are preventable, but poor adherence of safety measures and awareness leads to disability and disfigurement throughout their life. Hence, the need for various demographic variables to understand the cause and pattern in our region are required.
Objectives: To describe the demographic and socio-cultural aspects of burn patients and to learn the cause of burn victims in our region.
Materials and Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Kanchipuram district. The medical records of all patients over a period of 4 years (January 2017 to December 2020) were reviewed. Data were recorded on a pre-structured and pretested questionnaire. Chi-square test was done to study association between socio-demographic variables and burn injury and (p<0.05) was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 208 burn cases were involved in this study out of which 56.7% were females and 43.3% were males. Most of the burn patients were 31-45 years and lived in rural areas. The majority of burn injuries were accidental; thermal burns was the most common cause of deep burns.
Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors are important in raising educational programs and awareness in rural areas for improving quality of life.
Ayurvedic Perspectives towards Sleep and Its Significance
Authors: Ahefaz Mohammad , Chaple Jagruti 
Published: January 2022

Ahara (food), Nidra (sleep), and Bramhacharya (celibacy) are three pillars of life. Sleep is equally important as food, hence we must know concept of sleep described in Ayurveda. It is also enumerated as the natural urge which should not be suppressed and if suppressed would lead to various diseases. Health of a person means healthy physical body and mind together. Ayurveda helps in keeping balance, harmony and equilibrium in all physiological activities of body and mind. Ayurveda is an eternal science.
Conclusion: Causes of the rapid increase in non-communicable diseases are mostly related to Lifestyle such as physical inactivity etc. Increasing a sedentary lifestyle due to the growing use of technologies in daily life causes higher levels of physical inactivity. In modern era of civilization, due to growing use of technologies like Laptop, Tablet, Mobile phone and increasing competition, changing lifestyle especially sleeping pattern has become a leading cause for manifestation of many diseases like Hypertension, Migraine, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity etc. Hence, Nidra(sleep) being an integral part of our life plays an important role in promotion of health and prevention of diseases. It has been observed that all the living beings enjoy sleep to keep their body and mind active.
A Study on the Identification and Comparison of Functional Components in Different Species of Passion Fruit Vine Leaves
Authors: Jeyasekaran Poornima , Deepa M. 
Published: January 2022

Functional components are found abundantly in plants which are non-nutritive and bio active compounds that prevents the onset of degenerative diseases and protects the body by maintaining the health. The objective of this study is to identify the chemical components of different varieties of passion fruit leaves (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa,Passifloraedulisf. edulis and Passiflora quadrangularis) available wildly in the hills of Tamil Nadu, India. Young tender passion fruit leaves can be used as a raw leafy green as they contain vitamin A and niacin. The dried leaves are used for calming teas and herbal remedies. The functional components were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR(ATR) spectrophotometer. The leaves contain polyphenols, triterpenes, carotenoids, polysaccharides, amino acids and flavonoids which have a lot of beneficial effect on human health especially in preventing degenerative diseases. This paves way to use these amazing abundant greens in clinical studies as ayurvedic preparations and treat illness naturally.
Effect of Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Field (PEMF) Therapy and Conventional Physiotherapy on Lipid Profile- A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Deshmukh Mitushi , Chitale Neha 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The varying levels of lipids in the blood is defined as lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides are most commonly reported. Pulsed Electromagnetic field therapy, is a therapy involves powerful pulsed energy waves passing through injured and damaged area of body of patients. Waves of pulsed electromagnetic field are painless and quick to pass through the damaged cells in the damaged region, increasing the oxygen pressure activating and regenerating cells.
Methodology: A Total of 40 subjects will be included in the study. Divided in two groups 20 in group 1 and 20 in group 2.Group 1 will receive Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) with aerobic and resistance exercises while Group 2 will receive aerobic and resistance training exercises as conventional physiotherapy technique.
Discussion: 13 meta-analyses were categorized by Pedersen and Saltin, they have reported lipid profile involvement following exercise. They have described that exercise have a positive effect on the pathogenesis, physical fitness of individuals with dyslipidaemia. Effect of exercise profile on lipid have been stated in few studies. This study will focus on studying the impact of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on lipid profile.
Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn based on the outcome measures of the study and the statistical analysis.
An Evaluation of Stress Levels in Professionals Performing Work from Home in it Industry during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kiran K. Dhruv , Sridevi G. , Preetha S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Stress is a feeling that comes from emotional and physical tension. Stress can come from any thought that makes you feel sad, angry or nervous. It is a natural feeling of not being able to cope with specific demands and events. Stress is your body’s reaction to a challenge or demand. Negative responses to challenges can have an adverse effect on the health and happiness of the person who is undergoing stress. IT industry is a filed that poses lot of stress on the workers due to the peer pressures, working hours and work stress.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the stress among IT professionals who are working from home.
Materials and Methods: The study design involves a cross-sectional study was done among IT professionals to evaluate the stress among IT professionals who are undergoing work from home admist the COVID- 19 Pandemic situation (6 months duration). A study involved a self-developed questionnaire consisting of 27 questions to assess the stress level of IT people working in IT industry for more than 2 years. This questionnaire was circulated in Google forms and 137 people responded for the survey, out of which 123 participants were undergoing work from home.
Results: Out of 137 study participants, 18.25% of them were female and 81.75% of them were male. 25.55% participants were of age group 18 - 35 and 74.45% participants were of age group 35 -50. 90.51% participants are IT professionals and out of those 86.86% of participants are doing work from home. 72.26% of the participants feel that they are stressed too much due to work from home, and 27.47% of the participants feel that they are not that much stressed due to work from home. 45.99% of participants are more stressed, 28.47% of them are moderately stressed, 13.14% of them are lightly stressed and 12.41% of them are not stressed.
Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded an innovative finding that IT professionals experienced severe stress due to high peer pressures, home environments and were more prone to psychosomatic disorders.