bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategische Irrtümer deutscher Außenpolitik im Rückblick – die Jahre von 1890 bis 1914
Authors: Krause Joachim 
Published: November 2022

KurzfassungDie Phase strategischer Irrtümer deutscher Außenpolitik der vergangenen 25 Jahre weist – trotz unterschiedlicher Ausgangsbedingungen – Ähnlichkeiten mit einer früheren Phase strategischen Irrens auf: den Jahren zwischen 1890 und 1914. Der Artikel analysiert diese Zeit, indem nach drei Perioden differenziert wird, in denen die verantwortlichen Politiker trotz des Bewusstseins für das Bestehen einer existenziellen Gefahr für das Deutsche Reich eine ideologisch angeleitete und realitätsfremde Politik betrieben hatten. Strategische Blindheit, die Abwesenheit eines strategischen Zentrums, ein sorgloser Umgang mit militärischen Machtmitteln und eine zutiefst von patriotischen Gefühlen getriebene Politik haben zu einer Selbstisolierung Deutschlands und zu Maßnahmen beigetragen, durch die die militärische Situation des Reiches immer aussichtsloser wurde und der Krieg als einziger Ausweg erschien. Die jüngste Phase strategischen Irrtums war zwar durch Post-Nationalismus und Pazifismus gekennzeichnet, sie hat dennoch auch dazu beigetragen, dass ein neuer Krieg in Europa ausbrach.
A Covid-19 világjárvány következményeként kis- és középvállalkozások számára hirdetett élelmiszeripari digitalizációt célzó pályázatok vizsgálata
Authors: Freund Anna 
Published: November 2022

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A 2020 elején kibontakozó Covid-19 vírus következményeként megmutatkozott, hogy mennyire fontos az élelmiszeripar hazánkban is. Előtérbe került az ország önellátó képességének fontossága, melynek fontos szereplői a kis- és középvállalkozások. Ennek eredményeként 2021-től kezdődően számos pályázati forrás áll a vállalkozók rendelkezésére, amit fejlesztésre fordíthatnak. A tanulmány célja megvizsgálni, hogy a Covid helyzet a következményeként megjelenő pályázati kiírások által felgyorsítja-e a digitalizációs eszközökbe történő beruházásokat, valamint, hogy a támogatási lehetőségek milyen irányba ösztönzik a Magyarországon, a helyi gazdasági környezetben és a régióra jellemző technológiai felkészültséggel működő cégeket.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A feltáró kutatás másodlagos források hibrid módon történő elemzésén alapszik, ami egyaránt magába foglalja a szakirodalom, valamint a pályázati adatok elemzését. A szakirodalom feldolgozása bibliometriai elemzés formájában valósul meg, míg a pályázatokat és a döntéshozói célkitűzéseket hagyományos manuális tartalomelemzéssel vizsgálja a tanulmány.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A kutatás eredményeiben látszik, hogy hazai élelmiszeripar támogatását a digitalizáció irányába tolják a pályázati lehetőségek is. A támogatható tevékenységek esetében megjelennek elsődlegesen a fejlesztési irányok automatizált termelési rendszerekre, gyártási technológiákra, szenzor-, és vezérlés technológiákra vonatkozóan. Ezen kívül a fókuszban található, akár robottechnológiához köthető, vagy intelligens gyártási megoldásokat célzó beruházások megvalósítása (GINOP-1.2.12-21 pályázati felhívás, 2021). Emellett a Covid-19 hullámra reagálva bővített lehetőségeket is kínálva, a további fejlesztést és fennmaradást támogató pályázatok is megjelentek a magyar gazdasági szereplők számára 2021-ben (GINOP-PLUSZ-1.2.1-21 pályázati felhívás, 2021). Kidomborodik emellett azonban az is, hogy a pályázóknak lehetőségük van elsődlegesen létesítményfejlesztésre, valamint kapacitásbővítésre használni a támogatásokat, amely csak belépő szintnek tekinthető a digitális fejlettség irányába.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
A tanulmány a gyakorló szakemberek számára áttekinthető képet nyújt a gazdaságpolitikai célkitűzések és a megvalósítási lehetőségek kapcsolatáról, felhívva ezáltal figyelmüket a digitális megoldások által támogatott működésben rejlő előnyökre.
Finanszírozás: A tanulmány az Innovációs és Technológiai Minisztérium ÚNKP-21-3 kódszámú Új Nemzeti Kiválóság Programjának a Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Alapból finanszírozott szakmai támogatásával készült.
Molecular, Circuit, and Stress Response Characterization of Ventral Pallidum Npas1-Neurons
Authors: Morais-Silva Gessynger , Campbell Rianne R. , Nam Hyungwoo , Basu Mahashweta , Pagliusi Marco , Fox Megan E. , Chan C. Savio , Iñiguez Sergio D. , Ament Seth , Cramer Nathan , Marin Marcelo Tadeu , Lobo Mary Kay 
Published: November 2022

Altered activity of the ventral pallidum (VP) underlies disrupted motivation in stress and drug exposure. The VP is a very heterogeneous structure composed of many neuron types with distinct physiological properties and projections. Neuronal PAS 1-positive (Npas1+) VP neurons are thought to send projections to brain regions critical for motivational behavior. While Npas1+neurons have been characterized in the globus pallidus external, there is limited information on these neurons in the VP. To address this limitation, we evaluated the projection targets of the VP Npas1+neurons and performed RNA-sequencing on ribosome-associated mRNA from VP Npas1+neurons to determine their molecular identity. Finally, we used a chemogenetic approach to manipulate VP Npas1+neurons during social defeat stress (SDS) and behavioral tasks related to anxiety and motivation in Npas1-Cre mice. We used a similar approach in females using the chronic witness defeat stress (CWDS). We identified VP Npas1+projections to the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, medial and lateral habenula, lateral hypothalamus, thalamus, medial and lateral septum, and periaqueductal gray area. VP Npas1+neurons displayed distinct translatome representing distinct biological processes. Chemogenetic activation of hM3D(Gq) receptors in VP Npas1+neurons increased susceptibility to a subthreshold SDS and anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and open field while the activation of hM4D(Gi) receptors in VP Npas1+neurons enhanced resilience to chronic SDS and CWDS. Thus, the activity of VP Npas1+neurons modulates susceptibility to social stressors and anxiety-like behavior. Our studies provide new information on VP Npas1+neuron circuitry, molecular identity, and their role in stress response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ventral pallidum (VP) is a structure connected to both reward-related and aversive brain centers. It is a key brain area that signals the hedonic value of natural rewards. Disruption in the VP underlies altered motivation in stress and substance use disorder. However, VP is a very heterogeneous area with multiple neuron subtypes. This study characterized the projection pattern and molecular signatures of VP Neuronal PAS 1-positive (Npas1+) neurons. We further used tools to alter receptor signaling in VP Npas1+neurons in stress to demonstrate a role for these neurons in stress behavioral outcomes. Our studies have implications for understanding brain cell type identities and their role in brain disorders, such as depression, a serious disorder that is precipitated by stressful events.
About the Cover: The Breakfast and Beyond Program: A Trainee's Experience
Authors: Waugh Rachel 
Published: November 2022

About the author: Rachel is a Registered Dietitian (RD) and a student in the Master of Science in Applied Human Nutrition (MScAHN) program at Mount Saint Vincent University. Her graduate thesis is a mixed-form questionnaire exploring Canadian RDs’ experiences, perceptions, and knowledge of weight-related evidence in practice, framed by the Nutrition Care Process. Outside of her studies, Rachel loves to cook, try new foods, spend time with her dog, and visit her family in New Brunswick.
Sex, puberty, and the gut microbiome
Authors: Sisk-Hackworth Laura , Kelley Scott T , Thackray Varykina G 
Published: November 2022

In brief
Sex differences in the gut microbiome may impact multiple aspects of human health and disease. In this study, we review the evidence for microbial sex differences in puberty and adulthood and discuss potential mechanisms driving differentiation of the sex-specific gut microbiome.

Abstract
In humans, the gut microbiome is strongly implicated in numerous sex-specific physiological processes and diseases. Given this, it is important to understand how sex differentiation of the gut microbiome occurs and how these differences contribute to host health and disease. While it is commonly believed that the gut microbiome stabilizes after 3 years of age, our review of the literature found considerable evidence that the gut microbiome continues to mature during and after puberty in a sex-dependent manner. We also review the intriguing, though sparse, literature on potential mechanisms by which host sex may influence the gut microbiome, and vice versa, via sex steroids, bile acids, and the immune system. We conclude that the evidence for the existence of a sex-specific gut microbiome is strong but that there is a dearth of research on how host–microbe interactions lead to this differentiation. Finally, we discuss the types of future studies needed to understand the processes driving the maturation of sex-specific microbial communities and the interplay between gut microbiota, host sex, and human health.
Exposing Exceptionalisms: B(e)aring Complicities and Framing Resistances
Authors: Lovrod Marie , Mason Corinne 
Published: November 2022

Exceptionalisms are reductive, short-sighted, and often convoluted rationalizations for refusing relational accountabilities. They systematically deliver narrowly conceived benefits to some at great expense to others who are habitually held from public view and voice. In neoliberal times, excuses for ignoring damage and justifying harms are legion. Our planet is choking on the standard business practice of externalizing costs while permitting pollution, social ills, and health consequences to pile up in the lives of marginalized peoples, species, and places, with complicit nation states increasingly ill-equipped to address the fallout. Some exceptionalisms, like the “doctrine of discovery,” are perpetrated for centuries with virtual impunity, masquerading as sacred edict until the mass graves of children surfacing from residential school grounds reveal assimilative evils that are more difficult to ignore for those who have benefitted most.
Extreme heat events, high ambient temperatures and human morbidity and mortality in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Manyuchi Albert E. , Chersich Matthew , Vogel Coleen , Wright Caradee Y. , Matsika Ruwadzano , Erasmus Barend 
Published: November 2022

Temperature extremes vary across Africa. A continent-wide examination of the impacts of heat on health in Africa, and a synthesis of Africa-informed evidence is, however, lacking. A systematic review of articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1992 and April 2019 was conducted. To be eligible, articles had to be Africa-specific, in English, and focused on how heatwaves and high ambient temperatures affect morbidity and mortality. A secondary systematic analysis on policies and interventions comprising 17 studies was also conducted, and the findings synthesised together with those of the 20 primary studies. Eleven studies showed that high ambient temperatures and heat waves are linked with increased mortality rates in Africa. These linkages are characterised by complex, linear and non-linear (J or U) relationships. Eight of the nine primary studies of morbidity outcome reported that an increase in temperature was accompanied by raised disease incidence. Children and the elderly were the population groups most vulnerable to extreme heat exposure. Location-specific interventions and policy suggestions include developing early warning systems, creating heat-health plans, changing housing conditions and implementing heat-health awareness campaigns. In summary, this review demonstrates that, while heat-health relationships in Africa are complex, extreme temperatures are associated with high mortality and morbidity, especially amongst vulnerable populations. As temperatures increase across Africa, there is an urgent need to develop heat-health plans and implement interventions. Future studies must document intervention effectiveness and quantify the costs of action and inaction on extreme heatrelated mortality and morbidity.
Significance:

Empirical evidence shows that the relationship between heat and human health is complex in the African This complexity has implications for the development of interventions and policies for heathealth on the continent.
This review is important for African policymakers, practitioners and others who support Africa’s adaptation to climate change. Through this review, a compendium of Africa-specific and relevant empirical information is aggregated and made readily available to various interested and affected parties.
A spectral analysis of the 21 May 1997, Jabalpur, India, earthquake (Mw= 5.8) and estimation of ground motion from future earthquakes in the Indian shield region
Authors: Singh S. K. , Ordaz M. , Dattatrayam R. S. , Gupta H. K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Jabalpur earthquake (23.08° N, 80.06° E, H = 36 km) is the first event in the Indian Peninsular shield region to be well recorded by a newly installed, 10-station, broadband seismographic network. Using these data, we estimate Q of Lg wave in the Indian shield region as Q = 508ƒ0.48 (1 ≦ ƒ ≦ 20 Hz). The corrected source spectrum, with M0 = 5.4 × 1024 dyne-cm (reported in the Harvard CMT catalog) and an ω2-source model, requires a stress parameter, Δσp, of ∼420 bar to explain high-frequency spectral level. The computed seismic energy from the records is 7.4 × 1020 erg, which yields an apparent stress and Brune stress drop of 62 and 270 bars, respectively.The analysis of the Jabalpur earthquake provides some elements for the estimation of ground motions during future earthquakes in the Indian shield region. Based on the results of the Jabalpur earthquake and on studies of tectonically similar region of eastern North America, we assume that (1) the sources follow an ω2 model; (2) S waves dominate at R &lt; 100 km, and Lg waves dominate at R ≧ 100 km; (3) Q(f) = 508ƒ0.48; (4) the ground motion is a bandlimited, finite-duration, Gaussian white noise; and (5) the effective duration of the ground motion equals ƒ−1c + 0.05R, where fc is the corner frequency. We apply random vibration theory (RVT) to compute various measures of ground motion, such as Amax and Vmax. At near-source distances, the source finiteness is approximately taken into account. The attenuation curves for 5.5 ≦ Mw ≦ 7 and for Δσp of 100-400 bar are presented. As expected, the predicted values (with Δσp ∼ 420 bar) agree reasonably well with the limited Jabalpur data. An Amax of ∼150 gal is predicted in the epicentral region of this earthquake. The predicted curves imply Δσp ≦ 100 bar for the Latur earthquake of 1993 (Mw = 6.1; H = 2.5 km) to explain Amax &lt; 1 g and the reported isoseismal intensities in the epicentral region. For Koyna earthquake of 1967 (Mw 6.3), the inferred Amax and Vmax from isoseismal intensities and the recorded strong motions at the Koyna dam site are in agreement with the prediction curves for Δσp ∼ 100 bar. The RVT predictions seem reasonable but need validation from more strong-motion data, which is presently lacking.
Depression, anxiety, stress and coping strategies in healthcare workers during the second wave of Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Baniya Girish Chandra , Kumar Surender , Verma Kamala , Masuria Bhanwar Lal 
Published: November 2022

Millions of individuals were mentally and physically harmed by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health-care workers are those who are most affected by the pandemic's psychological effects. This study examines the psychological effects of the second pandemic wave of Covid-19 on healthcare personnel in India and their coping strategies.During the month of May 2021, a semi-structured online survey of healthcare workers in India was conducted. A total of 1340 healthcare workers participated in the study. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.Most participants (37.61%) were between the ages of 18 and 29, with 856 married (63.88%). Three hundred thirty-seven participants (25.15%) were resident doctors, while 1008 (75.22%) worked in government settings. 561 of the 1340 participants reported anxiety symptoms (41.87%). 536 (40.00%) of the participants reported depressive symptoms. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were also present in 423 participants (31.57%). Our study found a statistically significant difference between male and female depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms (p-value &#60;0.05). Most participants relied on keeping expectations open and hopeful as a coping strategy (66.57%).It is important to develop strategies to address the growing number of mental health problems. It is anticipated that healthcare worker education about coping strategies, effective coping mechanisms, and avenues for practical assistance will be beneficial.
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients in Odisha
Authors: Sahoo Satyabrata , Dehury Suhasini , Mohapatra Sabita , Mohapatra Namita , Mohanty Prasanjit 
Published: November 2022

Geriatrics is a speciality that focuses on healthcare of elderly people. Geriatric population is defined as people above 60 years of age. Geriatric population constitute 8.14% of total population in India. They have diverse physiological and pathological profiles which have an impact on the pharmacokinetic & pharmacodynamic properties of the administered drug. Very often they are under polypharmacy due to multisystem involvement and thereby subjected to numerous drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. There are few studies conducted in India regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Geriatric Patients and none in Odisha. Hence this study aims to evaluate the cutaneous ADRs encountered in geriatric patients. This hospital based observational study was conducted in Dept of Pharmacology in collaboration with Medicine and Skin &VD of SCB Medical College & Hospital. All geriatric patients (aged ≥ 60 yrs) diagnosed with ADR, from August 2017 to July 2018, were included. The detailed information of type of ADR and its characteristics were filled up in Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Form. The prevalence and profile of Cutaneous ADRs were studied. Their causality, severity and preventability were assessed by WHO-UMC System, Hartwig’s Severity Scale and Schumock Thornton Preventability Scale respectively. A total of 102 geriatric ADRs were reported in 1 year, out of which 47% were Cutaneous ADRs. Out of the Cutaneous ADRs 73 % ADRs were probable, 62.5 % were Moderate in intensity and 58.3% of were definitely preventable. Rash (27%) was the most common cutaneous ADR detected. Most of the ADRs were probably caused due to the drug, were moderate in intensity and definitely preventable.
Foreign body in ear, nose and throat: Three year experience in a teaching hospital in Central India
Authors: Jain Megha , Jain Nitin Kumar , Jain Vipin Kumar , Dandotiya Dileep , Ojha Sushil 
Published: November 2022

Foreign body presentations in otolaryngology clinic are common and 11% of these were in emergency room of ENT hospitals. Paediatric populations were more commonly suffered from the ENT foreign bodies although adults were also suffered. Earlier studies have been done to found the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and complication related to ENT foreign bodies, however in recent past none of the studies were conducted in our hospital. Hence this study will plan to find out the prevalence among childrens and adults. To evaluate the prevalence of ENT foreign bodies in paediatric and adult population along with its types, lodgment in different sites and clinical findings.The present study was conducted in ENT department, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh. Total number of patients attending ENT OPD and casuality were 354 between May 2018 to May 2021 included in present study. In collected data, demographic evaluation, different types of foreign bodies, their lodgment site and clinical features were evaluated. In our study maximum incidence were noted for foreign bodies of Nose 48.3% followed by 40.3% and 11.3% of Ear and Throat respectively and more common in 0-10 years of age in children with higher percentage of Nasal foreign bodies 34.7%. The types of foreign bodies which were common in both the children and adults were related to foodstuffs. Presence of ENT foreign bodies are more common in children and type and site of lodgment of foreign bodies varied in different age band.
A cross sectional study of vitamin D status of 5-18 years children in a tertiary care of hospital
Authors: Mahore Ramniwas , Agarwal Anil K , Kushwah Arun , Singh Anand Pratap , Verma Pradeep 
Published: November 2022

High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in pediatric population from different parts of the country. However, this study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in children. To assess the serum Vitamin D level and also to find out the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents in Gwalior, a major northern city of Madhya Pradesh. Cross sectional descriptive study The serum 25(OH)D levels of 258 children from age five to below 18 years, attending the out-patient clinics of the hospital were analyzed from June 2021 to Dec 2021. Data being non-parametric was presented as median and interquartile range. The group differences were computed by Mann Whitney U test. A p value &#60; 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. 60% of the study population had insufficient levels of Vitamin D, with girls having significantly lower levels of serum vitamin D. Only 27% of adolescents had optimum level of serum Vitamin D. A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and Vitamin D deficiency was found among the children living in the urban and sub urban areas of Gwalior city in northern Madhya Pradesh India.
Dosimetric analysis of 3 dimensional conformal radiotherapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy in patients with carcinoma oesophagus – Prospective study
Authors: Madhuri M Satya Priya , Ramakrishna Malladi , Krishna Kadarla 
Published: November 2022

: To study the dosimetry and treatment plan of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and 3 Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in patients with carcinoma oesophagus. : A prospective study was taken up in Department of Radiotherapy, from October 2017 to June 2019. A total 20 patients who achieved eligibility criteria was taken into study and both 3D CRT (3D Conformal Radiation Therapy)and VMAT(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ) plans was done in all patients. Dosimetric comparison is done between these two techniques. Dose to spinal cord is significantly reduced with VMAT technique when compared to 3D CRT. VMAT plans in this study showed significantly reduced doses to heart, when compared to 3D CRT plans. VMAT plans decrease volume of lung receiving high dose(v20,dmean,v30,v40) compared to 3D CRT but at a cost of delivering low dose to more volume of lung (v5, v10, v15) resulting in serious complications like radiation pneumonitis. VMAT plans are advisable in carcinoma oesophagus patients to achieve reduced doses to OARs(Organs at Risk) like Spinal Cord, Heart & Lung and better target coverage particularly in cervical esophagus where higher doses are planned.