bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting women with diabetes to breastfeed: use of antenatal breastmilk expression
Authors: Glavey Meadhbh , Fallon Anne 
Published: June 2022

Background Antenatal breastmilk expression is recommended in many practice settings to overcome challenges to breastfeeding for women with diabetes. Aim This narrative literature review aimed to examine how antenatal breastmilk expression supports women with diabetes to breastfeed. Methods A search was undertaken of the CINAHL database, Scopus, Medline, Excerpta Medica DataBASE and the Cochrane Library to identify quantitative and qualitative primary research studies. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Results Findings were examined within a framework of informational, emotional and motivational and practical aspects of antenatal breastmilk expression. Information on infant wellbeing is important, as concerns about admission to neonatal care have emerged. However, for women at low risk of complications, their infants were not at greater risk of being admitted to neonatal care following antenatal expression in comparison to standard care, and there was no evidence of increased neonatal hypoglycaemia. Emotional support is important, as although the experience is rewarding it can also be challenging. Breastfeeding rates were higher following antenatal expression, although the differences were not always statistically significant. Practical aspects, including the optimum gestation at commencement, require further research. Conclusions Although the evidence is not conclusive on how antenatal breastmilk expression can support women with diabetes to breastfeed, the results are promising.
Ethical considerations during a pioneering surgical procedure: porcine cardiac xenotransplantation
Authors: Odonkor Patrick , Strauss Erik , Williams Brittney 
Published: June 2022

Preclinical advances in life-sustaining porcine cardiac xenotransplantation from donor pigs to baboons have paved the way for the performance of porcine cardiac xenotransplantation in a human. This procedure was performed with emergency use authorisation granted by the United States Food and Drug Administration under the umbrella of investigational new drug use on compassionate grounds. The patient was denied candidacy for durable mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation as a result of non-adherence to medical advice.Successful porcine cardiac xenotransplantation in humans will significantly increase the availability of potential donor organs for long-term management of end-stage heart failure. Human porcine cardiac xenotransplantation is associated with ethical conflicts encompassing multiple ethical principles which are not mutually exclusive and are sometimes conflicting. This article focuses on some of the ethical conflicts encountered in relation to the use of mechanical circulatory support, pretransplant evaluation, shared decision making during informed consent, infectious disease risk, preclinical and clinical testing, and the role of regulatory bodies during performance of the first human porcine cardiac xenotransplantation.An increase in human trials of xenotransplantation procedures is imminent. Potential ethical conflicts associated with xenotransplantation should be addressed appropriately.
Students' experience and perceived value of a clinical simulation centre
Authors: Mortimer Craig , Ooms Ann 
Published: June 2022

Background:The emergence of new technology and innovation has seen dedicated simulation centres being designed and built to assist with the development of a range of professionals within the ever-changing healthcare setting. Focusing on the university environment, this study examined the extent to which paramedic students perceive these simulation centres as efficient and effective learning spaces.Methods:Using evaluation research, data were collected from 33 students studying paramedic science at a London university. An online questionnaire was used to measure student engagement, perceived value, impact and sustainability of a simulation centre.Findings:Participants primarily perceived the simulation centre as having high value and a good impact on their learning and development, although some concerns were raised regarding its utilisation and general usability.Conclusion:While large-scale simulation centres seem beneficial to learning, they need to be fully integrated into the curriculum to maximise their impact on preparing students for their forthcoming role.
Compact 200  W level linearly polarized microsecond-pulse Nd:YAG oscillator with nearly diffraction-limited beam quality
Authors: Liu Hua-Yu , Bian Qi , Bo Yong , Zong Nan , Peng Qin-Jun 
Published: June 2022

A compact 200 W level diode-side-pumped microsecond (µs) pulse linearly polarized rod Nd:YAG laser oscillator was demonstrated with nearly diffraction-limited beam quality. The oscillator was based on a thermally near-unstable cavity design with two concave lenses in the cavity to enlarge the volume of the fundamental mode, leading to improvement of the laser efficiency and beam quality. Consequently, a record-high average power of 222 W was obtained at a repetition rate of 400 Hz with a 180 µs pulse width, corresponding to an optical-to-optical (o-o) conversion efficiency of 37%. The average beam quality factor was measured to be

M
2

=

1.32

, resulting in a brightness value as high as of

11.25

G
W

/

s
r

⋅

c
m

2

. To the best of our knowledge, this represented the highest average power, the highest o-o efficiency, and the highest brightness for a µs pulse 1064 nm rod Nd:YAG laser oscillator.
Alignment technology based on a central small aperture for the AIMS
telescope
Authors: Shen Yuliang , Kewei E. , Fu Xing , Wang Dongguang , Hou Junfeng , Liang Ming , Xu Songbo 
Published: June 2022

The accurate infrared solar magnetic field measurement system (AIMS) is a 1 m off-axis Gregorian alt-azimuth solar telescope and will be dedicated to measuring the solar magnetic field in mid-infrared. How to align the large-aperture off-axis system is a significant issue. Sub-aperture stitching with the small-aperture standard flat mirror can be applied to the alignment of the large-aperture off-axis system. However, this method is time-consuming and inefficient. We propose an alignment method based on the Zernike polynomials of the central small aperture to solve the low efficiency of sub-aperture stitching. Theoretical simulation shows that the RMS residual error of the system after using the central small-aperture alignment method will be less than

4.5

∗

1

0

−
6

λ

at 632.8 nm. Practical alignment suggests that our method can make the RMS value of full-aperture wave aberration quickly converge to

0.12

λ

at 632.8 nm. Compared with the sub-aperture stitching method, our method can significantly reduce the times of sub-aperture stitching and save the alignment time.
Regenerationist school practice: The model of traditional pedagogical renovation of teachers during Spain’s Second Republic
Authors: Menguiano Rodríguez Carlos , Del Pozo Andrés María del Mar 
Published: June 2022

This article attempts to establish the model of traditional pedagogical renovation that persisted among Spanish teachers in the 1930s: the regenerationist model. The origins of this model can be found in the social movement of nineteenth century regenerationism, which spurred a model of school practices based on the fin-de siècle concepts of encyclopedism and on the graded school. The fact that teachers active during the Second Republic continued to consider these ideas to be innovative attests to a pedagogical anachronism in school practices. In order to examine this anachronism, we have resorted to the files from the public examination of teachers competing for the position of school headteacher in 1932, and in particular, the part of the exam where teachers give an account of their professional work. Through our analysis of the narratives presented, we are able to conclude that regenerationist ideas, as well as their translation into practice, constituted an important part of the professional identity of schoolteachers during the Republic.
Educación y menores inmigrantes: una década de políticas educativas supranacionales en América Latina y Europa desde una perspectiva comparada
Authors: Neubauer Esteban Adrián , Nicolás Ruiz María Ángeles , Álvarez Pavón Sara 
Published: June 2022

Este artículo de investigación persigue dos objetivos: (i) explorar el impacto de las Estrategias de Trabajo 2020 y Horizonte 2020 de la UE y las Metas 2021 de la OEI con relación al derecho a la educación, y en particular, de la población inmigrante; (ii) y desarrollar propuestas de intervención socioeducativas para futuros programas en esta materia de ambos organismos supranacionales. Para alcanzar estos objetivos se ha empleado como metodología la Educación Comparada para abordar los fenómenos políticos, económicos y socioeducativos desde una perspectiva global. Esto permite contrastar las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos organismos. Para ello, se han empleado indicadores pertenecientes a las siguientes categorías: (i) bienestar sociocultural y económico; (ii) educación infantil; y (iii) educación primaria y secundaria u obligatoria. Los resultados muestran cómo las políticas educativas impulsadas tanto por la OEI como por la UE están teniendo un impacto positivo en la educación. Ambas políticas han consensuado respectivamente unos objetivos y metas comunes que están favoreciendo una mejora educativa en los territorios gestionados por ambas instituciones. Estos resultados ponen en valor la importancia que tienen en el mundo actual los organismos supranacionales para paliar las desigualdades sociales y favorecer la equidad entre todas las personas independientemente de su contexto.
Las motivaciones juveniles en la elección de la enseñanza técnico-profesional en tres contextos sociales e institucionales: Barcelona, La Plata y Santiago
Authors: Bidauri María de la Paz , Palou Fons Arnau , Valls Casas Ona , Merino Pareja Rafael 
Published: June 2022

El objetivo del presente artículo es comprender las motivaciones del alumnado para cursar Educación Técnico-Profesional (ETP), teniendo en cuenta las características institucionales y contextuales de los tres países. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa y a partir de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a jóvenes entre 18 y 22 años de las tres ciudades, se realiza un análisis socio-hermenéutico del discurso del alumnado. Los resultados muestran, por un lado, diferencias en las motivaciones para elegir este tipo de educación, atribuibles al diseño institucional, al prestigio de los estudios y al contexto de la ciudad, lo que llevaría a pensar en elementos de divergencia en la estructuración de la ETP en cada ámbito. Por otro lado, se observa cierta similitud en las motivaciones de los y las jóvenes de las distintas ciudades analizadas que van más allá de lo institucional.
The study of the role of insulin resistance as etiological factor in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a case control study
Authors: Tilak Jyoti R. , Jain Anju , Wadhwa Nishtha , Tilak H.R. , Ahirwar Ashok Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been consistently shown by several studies but what is the cause and what is the effect remained an unsolved issue. In recent years, IR has been suggested to be a key etiological factor which contributes to the severity of metabolic and reproductive features in PCOS. The aim of the present study is to determine the etiological role of IR in PCOS.

Methods
This is an analytical case control study where 30 newly diagnosed normoglycemic cases of PCOS (according to Rotterdam revised criteria 2003) between the age group of 15 and 35 years were enrolled. A total of 30 age matched, apparently healthy women were selected from volunteers as controls. Fasting glucose was analysed by spectrophotometry and fasting insulin by chemiluminescence immunoassay. HOMA-IR, Log HOMA-IR, QUICKI, G/I ratio and FIRI were calculated using standard formulae.

Results
The anthropometric parameters and markers of IR were high and QUICKI & G/I ratio were low in cases as compared to controls (p<0.05). Cases with BMI≥25 showed significantly higher IR markers and lower QUICKI & G/I ratio than BMI<25 cases and BMI matched controls. No significant difference was present in IR markers between high and low central obesity cases.

Conclusions
The findings of our study suggest that in normoglycemic PCOS women, raised IR markers in obese patients cannot be attributed to obesity or central obesity alone. Presence of IR in newly diagnosed cases at such an early stage i.e., even before development of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia suggest IR to be a causative factor in development of PCOS.
Evaluación de 18 indicadores de calidad del Programa de Garantía Externa de la Calidad de Preanalítica de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQCML)
Authors: Caballero Andrea , Gómez-Rioja Rubén , Ventura Montserrat , Antonia Llopis Ma , Miquel Bauça Josep , Gómez-Gómez Carolina , Marzana Itziar , Ibarz Mercedes 
Published: June 2022

Resumen

Objetivos
la mayor parte de los errores en medicina del laboratorio se producen durante la fase preanalítica y postanalítica del proceso analítico total (PAT). En 2014, la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio (SEQCML) lanzó el Programa de Garantía Externa de la Calidad (EQA) de Preanalítica, con el propósito de ofrecer una herramienta para mejorar la calidad de la fase preanalítica. El objeto del presente estudio es evaluar la evolución de los indicadores de calidad (IC) y la comparabilidad de las especificaciones de calidad de la fase preanalitica (EC) con otros programas EQA.

Métodos
en el programa de la SEQCML, los participantes registraron el número de rechazos por cada tipo de muestra y por causa de rechazo. El cálculo de los percentiles se realizó a partir de los datos obtenidos en el periodo 2014–2017. Posteriormente, se revisaron dichos percentiles con los datos obtenidos en los años 2018 y 2019. Se calcularon los percentiles 25, 50, 75 y 90 de cada serie, estableciendo las medias como especificaciones. Estas especificaciones se compararon con los resultados de otros programas.

Resultados
en general las especificaciones con respecto a los IC se mantuvieron estables o mejoraron en el periodo 2018–2019, por ejemplo, se produjo un descenso significativo en el número de muestras de suero con un índice hemolítico ≥0,5 g/L. Sin embargo, este descenso no se observó en el manejo de muestras de EDTA y citrato, posiblemente debido a una mejor capacidad de detección de la hemólisis. Las especificaciones para los IC del grupo de trabajo Laboratory Errors and Patient Safety de la IFCC y del programa Key Incident Management and Monitoring System (KIMMS) de la RCPA mostraron resultados comparables, lo que confirma la validez de las especificaciones establecidas.

Conclusiones
las especificaciones obtenidas son una herramienta útil para la intercomparación, así como para identificar aquellos procesos de la fase preanalítica que son prioritarios mejorar.
Mid-infrared laser ellipsometry: a new era beyond FTIR
Authors: Furchner Andreas , Hinrichs Karsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This view highlights a revolutionary change in IR ellipsometry, namely, the incorporation and application of tunable lasers. The presented instrumental developments beyond classical FTIR-based approaches are coming precisely at the right time for today’s demands for in situ, operando and hyperspectral characterization methods required in bioanalytics, catalysis and surface science.
A Dynamic Graph Model of Strategy Learning for Predicting Human Behavior in Repeated Games
Authors: Vazifedan Afrooz , Izadi Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present a model that explains the process of strategy learning by the players in repeated normal-form games. The proposed model is based on a directed weighted graph, which we define and call as the game’s dynamic graph. This graph is used as a framework by a learning algorithm that predicts which actions will be chosen by the players during the game and how the players are acting based on their gained experiences and behavioral characteristics. We evaluate the model’s performance by applying it to some human-subject datasets and measure the rate of correctly predicted actions. The results show that our model obtains a better average hit-rate compared to that of respective models. We also measure the model’s descriptive power (its ability to describe human behavior in the self-play mode) to show that our model, in contrast to the other behavioral models, is able to describe the alternation strategy in the Battle of the sexes game and the cooperating strategy in the Prisoners’ dilemma game.
Learning languages through virtual exchange: an international university network
Authors: Silvagni Federico , Moruno Lpez Esther , Hubčkov Ema 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article presents an international telecollaboration programme called UniLingua, which was carried out between eight universities and university language centres during the 2020/2021 academic year. By promoting language exchanges, UniLingua aims to satisfy one of the most immediate academic needs of university students, which is to improve their plurilingual and pluricultural profile. This report describes, firstly, the origin and development of the project, andsecondly, based on the data collected from the questionnaires filled out by theparticipants, this report shows the most relevant results of the first edition ofthe project.
The longitudinal development of self-assessment and academic writing: an advanced writing programme
Authors: Wind Attila M. , Zólyomi Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough several studies have investigated the self-assessment (SA) of writing skills, most research has adopted a cross-sectional research design. Consequently, our knowledge about the longitudinal development of SA is limited. This study investigated whether SA instruction leads to improvement in SA accuracy and in second language (L2) writing. A total of 33 English as a foreign language (EFL) students composed and self-assessed two argumentative essays, one at the beginning (Time 1) and one at the end (Time 2) of a semester-long advanced writing (AW) programme at a Hungarian university. About half of the participants received SA instruction (experimental group), while the other half did not (control group). The essays were scored by two teachers and analysed for linguistic complexity. The results showed improvements in SA accuracy in both groups. However, the SA-teacher assessment (TA) correlation for the total score was statistically significant only in the experimental group at Time 2 (post-instructional phase). Furthermore, the TA total scores and a few linguistic complexity indices showed improvements in L2 writing in both groups. The pedagogical implications of these findings emphasising the importance of SA in EFL writing courses are also discussed.
Fourier analysis of a time-simultaneous two-grid algorithm using a damped Jacobi waveform relaxation smoother for the one-dimensional heat equation
Authors: Lohmann Christoph , Dünnebacke Jonas , Turek Stefan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, the convergence behavior of a time-simultaneous two-grid algorithm for the one-dimensional heat equation is studied using Fourier arguments in space. The underlying linear system of equations is obtained by a finite element or finite difference approximation in space while the semi-discrete problem is discretized in time using the ϑ-scheme. The simultaneous treatment of all time instances leads to a global system of linear equations which provides the potential for a higher degree of parallelization of multigrid solvers due to the increased number of degrees of freedom per spatial unknown.
It is shown that the all-at-once system based on an equidistant discretization in space and time stays well conditioned even if the number of blocked time-steps grows arbitrarily. Furthermore, mesh-independent convergence rates of the considered two-grid algorithm are proved by adopting classical Fourier arguments in space without assuming periodic boundary conditions. The rate of convergence with respect to the Euclidean norm does not deteriorate arbitrarily if the number of blocked time steps increases and, hence, underlines the potential of the solution algorithm under investigation. Numerical studies demonstrate why minimizing the spectral norm of the iteration matrix may be practically more relevant than improving the asymptotic rate of convergence.
Saving Torwali Music and Dance: Community Led Performance and ‘Public’ Archiving
Authors: Torwali Mujahid , Troy Jakelin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere we explore ways in which the Indigenous Torwali community of Swat, north Pakistan, is working to renew and preserve its musical and dance traditions, and how Torwalis are using social media and online archives to share and popularise their performances, worldwide. Social activism is a motivator, but people also relish the fun created through instant online engagement. The methodology for the paper is to weave a narrative, using Indigenous storytelling by both Indigenous authors, one Torwali and one Ngarigu, Australian Indigenous, about their experiences with and knowledge of performance in the community.
Semantic maps of causation: New hybrid approaches based on corpora and grammar descriptions
Authors: Levshina Natalia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present paper discusses connectivity and proximity maps of causative constructions and combines them with different types of typological data. In the first case study, I show how one can create a connectivity map based on a parallel corpus. This allows us to solve many problems, such as incomplete descriptions, inconsistent terminology and the problem of determining the semantic nodes. The second part focuses on proximity maps based on Multidimensional Scaling and compares the most important semantic distinctions, which are inferred from a parallel corpus of film subtitles and from grammar descriptions. The results suggest that corpus-based maps of tokens are more sensitive to cultural and genre-related differences in the prominence of specific causation scenarios than maps based on constructional types, which are described in reference grammars. The grammar-based maps also reveal a less clear structure, which can be due to incomplete semantic descriptions in grammars. Therefore, each approach has its shortcomings, which researchers need to be aware of.
Lexical typology and semantic maps: Perspectives and challenges
Authors: Rakhilina Ekaterina , Ryzhova Daria , Badryzlova Yulia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper outlines the basics of data collection, analysis and visualization under the frame-based approach to lexical typology and illustrates its methodology using the data of cross-linguistic research on verbs of falling. The framework reveals several challenges to semantic map modelling that usually escape researchers’ attention. These are: (1) principles of establishing lexical comparative concepts; (2) the effective ways of visualization for the opposition between direct and figurative meanings of lexical items; (3) the problem of the borderlines between semantic fields, which seem to be very subtle. These problems are discussed in detail in the paper, as well as possible theoretical decisions and semantic modelling techniques that could overcome these bottlenecks.