bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health system readiness for non-communicable diseases at the primary care level: a systematic review
Authors: Kabir Ashraful , Karim Md Nazmul , Islam Rakibul M , Romero Lorena , Billah Baki 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo synthesise evidence on the primary healthcare system’s readiness for preventing and managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched from 1 January 1984 to 30 July 2021, with hand-searching references and expert advice.Eligibility criteriaAny English-language health research with evidence of readiness/preparedness of the health system at the primary healthcare level in the context of four major NCDs: diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).Data extraction and synthesisTwo authors independently extracted data and assessed the bias. The full-text selected articles were then assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Health system readiness was descriptively and thematically synthesised in line with the health system dynamics framework.ResultsOut of 7843 records, 23 papers were included in this review (15 quantitative, 3 qualitative and 5 mixed-method studies). The findings showed that existing literature predominantly examined health system readiness from the supply-side perspective as embedded in the WHO’s health system framework. However, at the primary healthcare level, these components are insufficiently prepared for NCDs. Among NCDs, higher levels of readiness were reported for diabetes mellitus and hypertension in comparison to CRDs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), CVDs and cancer. There has been a dearth of research on the demand-side perspective, which is an essential component of a health system and must be addressed in the future research.ConclusionThe supply-side components at the primary healthcare level are inadequately ready to address the growing NCD burden. Improving supply-side factors, with a particular focus on CRDs, CVDs and cancer, and improving understanding of the demand-side components of the health system’s readiness, may help to prevent and manage NCDs at the primary healthcare level.
Nailfold capillary scleroderma pattern may be associated with disease damage in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: important lessons from longitudinal follow-up
Authors: Schonenberg-Meinema Dieneke , Bergkamp Sandy C , Nassar-Sheikh Rashid Amara , Gruppen Mariken P , Middelkamp-Hup Maritza A , Armbrust Wineke , Dolman Koert , Hak A Elisabeth , Hissink Muller Petra C E , van Onna Marieke , Swart Joost F , Kuijpers Taco W , Kamphuis Sylvia S M , Smith Vanessa , van den Berg J Merlijn 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo observe if capillary patterns in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) change over time and find associations between a capillary scleroderma pattern with disease activity, damage or scleroderma-like features.MethodsClinical and (yearly) capillaroscopy data from a longitudinal cohort of patients with cSLE (minimum of four Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria, onset <18 years) were analysed. Disease activity was measured by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index (SLEDAI) and disease damage by SLICC Damage Index. A scleroderma pattern was defined according to the ‘fast track algorithm’ from the European League Against Rheumatism Study Group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases. An abnormal capillary pattern, not matching a scleroderma pattern, was defined as ‘microangiopathy’.ResultsOur cohort consisted of 53 patients with cSLE with a median disease onset of 14 years (IQR 12.5–15.5 years), median SLEDAI score at diagnosis was 11 (IQR 8–16), median SLEDAI at follow-up was 2 (IQR 1–6). A scleroderma pattern (ever) was seen in 18.9%, while only 13.2% of patients had a normal capillary pattern. Thirty-three patients had follow-up capillaroscopy of which 21.2% showed changes in type of capillary pattern over time. Type of capillary pattern was not associated with disease activity. Raynaud’s phenomenon (ever) was equally distributed among patients with different capillaroscopy patterns (p=0.26). Anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies (ever) were significantly more detected (Χ2, p=0.016) in the scleroderma pattern subgroup (n=7 of 10, 70%). Already 5 years after disease onset, more than 50% of patients with a scleroderma pattern had SLE-related disease damage (HR 4.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 18.8, p=0.034), but they did not develop clinical features of systemic sclerosis at follow-up. Number of detected fingers with a scleroderma pattern was similar between cSLE, juvenile systemic sclerosis and juvenile undifferentiated connective tissue disease.ConclusionThis longitudinal study shows that the majority of capillary patterns in cSLE are abnormal and they can change over time. Irrespective of disease activity, a capillary scleroderma pattern in cSLE may be associated with higher risk of SLE-related disease damage.
SUNBURN: a protocol for delivering bad news in trauma and acute care surgery
Authors: Velez David , Gerberding Andrea , Ahmeti Mentor 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe delivery of bad news can be one of the most challenging tasks in surgery. There are numerous barriers specific to trauma and acute care surgery (TRACS) that make these conversations more difficult. Prior protocols have all been designed for oncology and primary care with poorer application to TRACS. The lack of guidance for leading these conversations in TRACS led us to develop the SUNBURN protocol. It draws elements from prior protocols and discards the irrelevant aspects and pays particular attention to the TRACS-specific concerns.SUNBURN protocolStep 1: S–Set Up; Step 2: U–Understand Perceptions; Step 3: N–Notify (‘Warning Shot’); Step 4: B–Brief Narrative and Break Bad News; Step 5: U–Understand Emotions; Step 6: R–Respond; Step 7: N–Next Steps.ConclusionThis protocol can provide a framework to help guide and ease the delivery of bad news in TRACS.
Consistent explanation for the cosmic-ray positron excess in p-wave Breit–Wigner enhanced dark matter annihilation
Authors: Ding Yu-Chen , Ku Yu-Lin , Wei Chun-Cheng , Zhou Yu-Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDark matter (DM) annihilation in the galactic halo can be enhanced relative to that in the early Universe due to the Breit–Wigner enhancement, if the DM particles annihilate through a narrow resonance. Although the s-wave Breit–Wigner enhancement can provide a consistent explanation for both the observed cosmic-ray (CR) positron excess and the DM thermal relic density, it is severely constrained by the observations of gamma rays from dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which have relatively lower allowed DM annihilation cross section and typical DM velocities than that in the galactic halo. Furthermore, in the s-wave Breit–Wigner enhancement, the case where the resonance mass is below a threshold (twice the DM mass) is ruled out due to the monotonically increasing annihilation cross section with decreasing DM velocity. In this work, we consider Breit–Wigner enhanced p-wave DM annihilation. We explore the parameter regions which can simultaneously account for the CR positron excess and DM thermal relic density without violating the constraints from dSphs gamma rays and CMB. We show that the velocity-dependent cross section in this scenario can peak around the typical DM velocity in the galactic halo for the resonance mass both above and below the threshold. Moreover, the highly suppressed annihilation cross section at extremely low DM velocity can evade the constraints from dSphs gamma rays and CMB easily, which results in larger allowed parameter regions than that in the s-wave case.
Anisotropic hyperbolic inflation for a model of two scalar and two vector fields
Authors: Do Tuan Q. , Kao W. F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we extend a recent proposed model of two scalar and two vector fields to a hyperbolic inflation scenario, in which the field space of two scalar fields is a hyperbolic space instead of a flat space. In this model, one of the scalar fields is assumed to be a radial field, while the other is set as an angular field. Furthermore, both scalar fields will be coupled to two different vector fields, respectively. As a result, we are able to obtain a set of exact Bianchi type I solutions to this model. Stability analysis is also performed to show that this set of anisotropic solutions is indeed stable and attractive during the inflationary phase. This result indicates that the cosmic no-hair conjecture is extensively violated in this anisotropic hyperbolic inflation model.
Cross sections and transport coefficients for electrons in C2H6O and its mixtures with Ar and Ne
Authors: Petrović Zoran Lj , Šašić Olivera , Dupljanin Snježana , Maguire Paul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we show and discuss a set of cross sections for electron collisions with dimethyl ether (DME, C2H6O) obtained by the standard swarm analysis of experimental data for drift velocities and ionization coefficients measured in pure DME and its mixtures with Ar and Ne by E. Oettinger and coworkers. While the existing cross section set gave relatively good predictions for drift velocities, it proved necessary to modify the inelastic cross sections in order to achieve a better agreement with drift velocities in gas mixtures and a good agreement for the ionization coefficient. Furthermore, the derived set of cross sections was used to calculate the electron transport and rate coefficients under the influence of a constant electric field and crossed electric and magnetic DC and RF orthogonal configuration fields. The effect of the magnitude and frequency of the fields on electron transport was studied separately. Our work has resulted in a database of collision and transport data which can be used in modeling of both DC and RF discharges and plasma applications containing pure DME and its mixtures.

Graphical abstract
A Randomised Control Trial Comparing Opioid and Paracetamol for Pain Control after Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: LEE Chang-Hun , JEONG Gu Min 
Published: February 2022

Background: Opioids are frequently used for pain control after carpal tunnel release (CTR). However, few studies have examined whether the use of opioids is necessary for pain control after CTR. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of codeine versus paracetamol for pain control after CTR. Methods: This is a prospective comparison of consecutive patients’ subjective perception of pain after outpatient CTR. Patients were randomised to receive either codeine or paracetamol for pain control after CTR. Visual analogue scale for pain of both groups was compared on the day of surgery and the first three post-operative days (POD) using non-inferiority test. Results: In the codeine group, the mean pain score was 5.2, 4.0, 2.6 and 1.6 on the day of surgery and the first, second and third days after surgery, respectively. In the paracetamol group, the mean VAS score in the same period was 4.3, 3.5, 2.8 and 2.3. There was no significant difference in the mean visual analogue pain scores between the two groups from the day of surgery to the third POD. Conclusions: Paracetamol was as effective as codeine for relieving the pain after outpatient CTR. Our results suggest that the clinicians might avoid unnecessary prescription of the opioid after outpatient CTR. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Colville Foreland Basin and Arctic Alaska Prograded Margin Tectono-Sedimentary Elements, northern Alaska and southwestern Canada Basin
Authors: Houseknecht David W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cretaceous (post-Neocomian)–Quaternary Brookian strata of Arctic Alaska include the Colville Foreland Basin (CFB) and Arctic Alaska Prograded Margin (AAPM) Tectono-Sedimentary Elements (TSEs). The CFB TSE lies beneath the Alaska North Slope and Chukchi Sea shelf, and the AAPM TSE lies beneath the Arctic Alaska continental terrace of the Beaufort Sea shelf and slope. The CFB TSE rests on rocks ranging from pre-Mississippian sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks (Franklinian sequence) to Lower Cretaceous strata, and is present at the land surface onshore and the seafloor offshore. The AAPM TSE generally rests on Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) sedimentary strata and is present at the seafloor.
The CFB and AAPM TSEs contain oil-prone source rocks in Cretaceous and Paleogene strata, and have been charged locally by hydrocarbon migration from pre-Brookian strata. Both TSEs contain proven reservoir rocks throughout the succession. The CFB TSE ranges from oil-window to gas-window maturity. The AAPM TSE is mainly in the gas window. Known hydrocarbon accumulations in the two TSEs total more than 3.4 Bbbl of oil equivalent and yet-to-find estimates suggest an even larger volume remains undiscovered. Current exploration is focused on shallow stratigraphic traps, in which giant oil accumulations have been discovered in recent years.
SyncNN: Evaluating and Accelerating Spiking Neural Networks on FPGAs
Authors: Panchapakesan Sathish , Fang Zhenman , Li Jian 
Published: February 2022

Compared to conventional artificial neural networks, spiking neural networks (SNNs) are more biologically plausible and require less computation due to their
event-driven
nature of spiking neurons. However, the default asynchronous execution of SNNs also poses great challenges to accelerate their performance on FPGAs.

In this work, we present a novel synchronous approach for rate-encoding-based SNNs, which is more hardware friendly than conventional asynchronous approaches. We first quantitatively evaluate and mathematically prove that the proposed synchronous approach and asynchronous implementation alternatives of rate-encoding-based SNNs are similar in terms of inference accuracy, and we highlight the computational performance advantage of using SyncNN over an asynchronous approach. We also design and implement the SyncNN framework to accelerate SNNs on Xilinx ARM-FPGA SoCs in a synchronous fashion. To improve the computation and memory access efficiency, we first quantize the network weights to 16-bit, 8-bit, and 4-bit fixed-point values with the SNN-friendly quantization techniques. Moreover, we encode only the activated neurons by recording their positions and corresponding number of spikes to fully utilize the event-driven characteristics of SNNs, instead of using the common binary encoding (i.e., 1 for a spike and 0 for no spike).
For the encoded neurons that have dynamic and irregular access patterns, we design parameterized compute engines to accelerate their performance on the FPGA, where we explore various parallelization strategies and memory access optimizations. Our experimental results on multiple Xilinx ARM-FPGA SoC boards demonstrate that our SyncNN is scalable to run multiple networks, such as LeNet, Network in Network, and VGG, on various datasets such as MNIST, SVHN, and CIFAR-10. SyncNN not only achieves competitive accuracy (99.6%) but also achieves state-of-the-art performance (13,086 frames per second) for the MNIST dataset. Finally, we compare the performance of SyncNN with conventional CNNs using the Vitis AI and find that SyncNN can achieve similar accuracy and better performance compared to Vitis AI for image classification using small networks.
Role of Oxidative Stress in Obese and Nonobese PCOS Patients
Authors: Uçkan Kazım , Demir Halit , Turan Kasım , Sarıkaya Eren , Demir Canan 
Published: February 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the oxidant-antioxidant status, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods. Forty-five obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) woman diagnosed with PCOS in the study, forty-five nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) PCOS diagnosis working groups, and forty-nine healthy control groups were created with patients. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with antioxidant activities, such as SOD, GSH, GPx, and CAT activities, were measured by spectrophotometry. Results. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean serum MDA level in the obese PCOS group compared to the nonobese group and the control group (

p

< 0.001). When the antioxidant parameters, such as SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT, were compared with the healthy control group, nonobese, and obese PCOS groups, the difference between the groups was statistically significant (

p

< 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between MDA and BMI, triglyceride, LDL, SBP, DBP, and HOMA-IR in the PCOS patient group. Conclusion. Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant parameters in PCOS patients were correlated with hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia findings, and we think that this oxidative stress condition may contribute to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in PCOS patients.
Evaluation of Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block for Analgesic Effect in Elderly Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hua Hao , Xu Yan , Jiang MengLu , Dai Xu 
Published: February 2022

Background. For evaluating pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block’s analgesic effect on elderly patients suffering from femoral neck fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty to provide a basis for optimizing perioperative analgesia in hip arthroplasty. Methods. Forty-eight patients undergoing hip arthroplasty with spinal anesthesia for femoral neck fracture in our hospital were chosen in this study. Based on the random number table method, patients were categorized into the following two groups (n = 24 per group): the hip peripheral nerve group block group (PE group) and the iliac fascia block group (FI group). The fascia iliaca compartment block was used in the FI group, whereas the pericapsular nerve group block in the PE group. When placed in the position for spinal anesthesia (T4), we measured dynamic and static visual analog scale (VAS) scores as well as analgesic satisfaction before blockade (T0), along with at 10 min (T1), 20 min (T2), and 30 min postblockade (T3). Sufentanil dosage and effective analgesic pump press number at 6 h (T5), 12 h (T6), 24 h (T7), and 48 h (T8) postoperatively were recorded. In the meantime, the development of related complications was also recorded. Results. Compared with T0, patients in both groups achieved lower static VAS scores at T1–T4 (

P

< 0.05) and lower dynamic VAS scores at T2–T4 of the FI group (

P

< 0.05). Relative to the FI group, both static and dynamic VAS scores at T1–T4 were obviously lower in the PE group (

P

< 0.05), along with increased dynamic analgesic satisfaction (

P

< 0.05). Weakness of the quadriceps was observed in seven patients in the FI groups (

P

< 0.05). No delirium, hematoma, puncture site infection, or nerve injury occurred in either group. Conclusion. The pericapsular nerve group block can provide safe and effective analgesia for elderly patients during the perioperative period of hip arthroplasty, with rapid onset, good analgesic effect, high patient satisfaction, and low complication rate, and is worthy of widespread application. The trial is registered with ChiCTR2100046785.
Telaglenastat Plus Cabozantinib or Everolimus for Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Open-Label Phase I Trial
Authors: Meric-Bernstam Funda , Tannir Nizar M. , Iliopoulos Othon , Lee Richard J. , Telli Melinda L. , Fan Alice C. , DeMichele Angela , Haas Naomi B. , Patel Manish R. , Harding James J. , Voss Martin H. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Carthon Bradley , Srinivasan Ramaprasad , Bendell Johanna C. , Jenkins Yonchu , Whiting Sam H. , Orford Keith , Bennett Mark K. , Bauer Todd M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose:Dual inhibition of glucose and glutamine metabolism results in synergistic anticancer effects in solid tumor models. Telaglenastat, an investigational, small-molecule, glutaminase inhibitor, exhibits modest single-agent activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. This phase Ib trial evaluated telaglenastat plus cabozantinib or everolimus, agents known to impair glucose metabolism in patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC).Patients and Methods:mRCC patients received escalating doses of telaglenastat [400–800 mg per os (p.o.) twice daily] in a 3 + 3 design, plus either everolimus (10 mg daily p.o.; TelaE) or cabozantinib (60 mg daily p.o.; TelaC). Tumor response (RECISTv1.1) was assessed every 8 weeks. Endpoints included safety (primary) and antitumor activity.Results:Twenty-seven patients received TelaE, 13 received TelaC, with median 2 and 3 prior therapies, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were mostly grades 1 to 2, most common including decreased appetite, anemia, elevated transaminases, and diarrhea with TelaE, and diarrhea, decreased appetite, elevated transaminases, and fatigue with TelaC. One dose-limiting toxicity occurred per cohort: grade 3 pruritic rash with TelaE and thrombocytopenia with TelaC. No maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached for either combination, leading to a recommended phase II dose of 800-mg telaglenastat twice daily with standard doses of E or C. TelaE disease control rate (DCR; response rate + stable disease) was 95.2% [20/21, including 1 partial response (PR)] among 21 patients with clear cell histology and 66.7% (2/3) for papillary. TelaC DCR was 100% (12/12) for both histologies [5/10 PRs as best response (3 confirmed) in clear cell].Conclusions:TelaE and TelaC showed encouraging clinical activity and tolerability in heavily pretreated mRCC patients.
Plasticity within Aldehyde Dehydrogenase–Positive Cells Determines Prostate Cancer Radiosensitivity
Authors: Schwarz Franziska M. , Schniewind Iñaki , Besso Maria J. , Lange Steffen , Linge Annett , Patil Shivaprasad G. , Löck Steffen , Klusa Daria , Dietrich Antje , Voss-Böhme Anja , Nowrouzi Ali , Krause Mechthild , Dubrovska Anna , Kurth Ina , Peitzsch Claudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTumor heterogeneity and cellular plasticity are key determinants of tumor progression, metastatic spread, and therapy response driven by the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Within the current study, we analyzed irradiation-induced plasticity within the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive (ALDH+) population in prostate cancer. The radiosensitivity of xenograft tumors derived from ALDH+ and ALDH-negative (ALDH−) cells was determined with local tumor control analyses and demonstrated different dose–response profiles, time to relapse, and focal adhesion signaling. The transcriptional heterogeneity was analyzed in pools of 10 DU145 and PC3 cells with multiplex gene expression analyses and illustrated a higher degree of heterogeneity within the ALDH+ population that even increases upon irradiation in comparison with ALDH− cells. Phenotypic conversion and clonal competition were analyzed with fluorescence protein-labeled cells to distinguish cellular origins in competitive three-dimensional cultures and xenograft tumors. We found that the ALDH+ population outcompetes ALDH− cells and drives tumor growth, in particular upon irradiation. The observed dynamics of the cellular state compositions between ALDH+ and ALDH− cells in vivo before and after tumor irradiation was reproduced by a probabilistic Markov compartment model that incorporates cellular plasticity, clonal competition, and phenotype-specific radiosensitivities. Transcriptional analyses indicate that the cellular conversion from ALDH− into ALDH+ cells within xenograft tumors under therapeutic pressure was partially mediated through induction of the transcriptional repressor SNAI2. In summary, irradiation-induced cellular conversion events are present in xenograft tumors derived from prostate cancer cells and may be responsible for radiotherapy failure.Implications:The increase of ALDH+ cells with stem-like features in prostate xenograft tumors after local irradiation represents a putative cellular escape mechanism inducing tumor radioresistance.