bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Induction Team Member Training Course Fitted to the Scope and Background of the Participants: A Case Study of the African Setting
Authors: Martinez Lazaro , Baldé Thierno , Mbasha Jerry-Jonas , Oyugi Boniface 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:The Induction Team Member (ITM) course is compulsory training for teams setting up an EMT. It encapsulates elements around safety and security, protocols and procedures, and familiarization with equipment and should happen in countries that have undergone the awareness session.1 Tailoring the ITM course to fit different countries settings and professional backgrounds is imperative, particularly in Africa, because countries have heterogeneous characteristics.Objectives:To describe the changes to the ITM Course curriculum adapted to the different professional backgrounds and technical scopes of potential team members (TM) and African countries.Method/Description:This is an After-Action Review (AAR) of in-depth feedback (n = 10) received from participants in the five trainings that have been conducted at the WHO African Regional EMT Training Center (TC) since 2021 to date. All analyses were done thematically.Results/Outcomes:The training experiences in the region have shown the need for three imperative modifications to the ITM course based on the type of EMTs and the background of the participants. These include ITM courses focusing on health workers (Doctors and Nurses); team leads, security, and logistics officials; and support staff that can work during deployment and pre-deployment tasks. An interactive ten steps to building an operational national EMTs initiative developed to fit the context has been shown as significant.Conclusion:Conceptualizing ITM course training for EMTs based on teams’ backgrounds, cultural circumstances, and political will is imperative for enhancing the capacity of regional countries’ EMTs. A pragmatic modification to the training to fit the context that captures the countries’ needs is key.
Team Well-Being and Challenges of Deploying an EMT Halfway Around the World
Authors: Marmont Lizzi , Vadi Ramnath , Maddah Diana 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:UK-Med, as part of our UK EMT project, deployed a team to respond to the overwhelming surge in COVID-19 cases in Papua New Guinea in late 2021. Such deployment was associated with several risks, including natural hazards; earthquakes; societal crisis; tribal fighting and civil unrest; and health risks such as extreme temperatures and poor sanitation infrastructure presented further hazards to personnel safety.Objectives:To share lessons learned on enhancing the well-being of an EMT in a challenging context such as PNG.Method/Description:Satisfaction survey, bilateral meetings, in addition to weekly meetings with the headquarters held throughout the deployment.Results/Outcomes:All deployed team members felt exhausted early in the deployment, including an early lack of clarity on the deployment location which eventually ended up being Mount Hagen, a very risky area only accessible by plane. Utilizing emotional and social support, diversity acceptance within the team, and coherent coordination between team members the deployment delivered upon all agreed objectives. Local staff were integrated and a successful workplan was well-received and evaluated as making a real difference to the staff and patients, with a request for an extension of activities received from the Provincial Health Authority.Conclusion:Considerations for staff well-being need to counter-balance the need for strict security protocols. Solid feedback mechanisms should be designed and implemented at an early stage of deployments to avoid any adverse effect on the team’s well-being. Deployment of an assessment team should strengthen coordination, ensuring required needs are being responded to and operational planning is location/context specific.
A Policy Analysis of the Deployment of International EMT in the WHO African Region during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oyugi Boniface , Kamara Rashidatu Fouad , Tene Larissa , Martinez Lazaro , Mbasha Jerry-Jonas , Baldé Thierno 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:The COVID-19 pandemic, especially in Africa, has increased the need for EMTs for surge management, clinical care, and capacity-building support for establishing national EMTs.Objectives:To analyze the implementation of EMTs deployments in the AFRO Region during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method/Description:This is a retrospective policy analysis done from the perspective of the EMT policy implementor using Walt and Gilson’s policy triangle1 (capturing processes, the actors, the context, and the content). Data were collected through document reviews, key informant interviews, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and focus-group discussions. Analysis was done through a priori framework analysis.Results/Outcomes:Overall, 22 countries benefited from international EMT deployments since the onset of COVID-19, with deployment periods varying between six to 24 weeks. Development partners, governments, and local authorities supported deployments. Some deployments were hampered by inadequate knowledge of EMTs processes, bureaucratic and administrative barriers, and slow mobilization of resources. Other challenges were the lack of critical care equipment and teams facing resistance due to cultural differences. Some teams only worked in big cities rather than local regions with low capacity and high morbidities from COVID-19. Collaboration between international and national teams resulted in enhanced capacity building, optimistic volunteerism and resilience, and provision of clinical care in constraint settings to save lives.Conclusion:The deployments were critical in saving lives in under-resourced settings despite the challenges. COVID-19 has provided an impetus to strengthen national public health response by providing training opportunities, twinning or exchange programs, building health infrastructure, and prepositioning supplies and equipment to ensure national reliance and sustainability.
I’M HERE: IMproving HEalth Communication in REfugee Camps
Authors: Bartolucci Andrea , Ahmed Bayes , Hossain Ahmed 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:Health care delivery in refugee camps is challenging; the setting of a refugee camp is a unique context that presents barriers and one of the main problems is the fragmentation and difficulty in communication and information sharing among HCWs deployed in a camp, especially in contexts where communication networks are not always available and accessible.Objectives:The overall objective of this project is to facilitate health communications among health care workers in a refugee camp where the communication network is not always available or accessible.Method/Description:A mesh network communication system will be deployed, tested, and evaluated to assess and evaluate the usage, feasibility, and reliability of the system, testing the capacity of the message to reach different parts of the camp.Results/Outcomes:During the project’s initial phase, local health care workers (HCWs) will support the project in identifying instances when communication is challenging and will create injects/mock scenarios to use in the following phase. In the second phase, the application of the new technology is evaluated; experimental research will compare the “as is” of the system and the “to be” solution using the new technology measuring key performance indicators (KPIs) (eg, time needed to send/receive information).Conclusion:The use of an available, affordable, and usable mobile and internet connectivity system in a context where communication networks are not always available or accessible will facilitate the communication among agencies, improve the coordination of health services, and improve the quality and timing of information sharing.
Integrating Management and Operations of Rapid Response Teams and Emergency Medical Teams Globally
Authors: Shamout Mays , Relan Pryanka , Fitzgerald Bridget , Greiner Ashley , Salio Flavio 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:Health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic strain health systems and emergency response mechanisms. Identifying critical points during the response cycle where emergency workforce and operational capacity can be improved can help break the protracted nature of responses. Global health emergency workforce, or health emergency and alert response teams such as multidisciplinary Public Health Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) and Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs), play critical roles in the response to public health emergencies.Objectives:The project aims to explore and understand how countries manage and operationalize their RRT and EMT programs. With anecdotal evidence of countries integrating the two historically disparate groups, we propose to examine how countries are jointly or separately addressing legal frameworks and policies; management practices; reporting processes and protocols; training; as well as program operations and standards.Method/Description:Through existing global partnerships and networks, a convenience sample of national focal points responsible for the management of their RRT and EMT program are sent an online survey followed by participating in a one-on-one interview. Quantitative and qualitative analyses will be conducted.Results/Outcomes:Twelve countries representing all six World Health Organization regions with both RRT and EMT programs have been selected for engagement.Conclusion:Factors contributing to or against countries integration of RRT and EMT programs will be identified. Areas of divergence or synergy of plans and standard operating procedures will be mapped. Recommendations for strengthening global health emergency alert and response teams will be generated.
The Impact of Moral Distress on Clinicians Treating Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Concurrent Armenian War in 2020: Implications for WHO – EMT Teams
Authors: Hartunyunyan Hakob , Hertelendy Attila J. , Hart Alexander , Benham Todd , Muekhaelyan Artak , Ciottone Greg 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:Moral distress is a well-described phenomenon in medical providers. It has been linked to mental health deterioration, decreased job satisfaction, and early retirement. No study has been done on the level of moral distress associated with treating patients in simultaneous disasters.Objectives:1.To learn what is known about the experience of moral distress in frontline health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the concurrent conflict in Armenia during 2020.2.To determine how WHO EMTs can support their frontline staff experiencing moral distress.Method/Description:A survey was designed to test the moral distress felt by Armenian EMS providers who had cared for both COVID-19 and war casualty patients. This was adapted from the Moral Distress Scale Revised (MDS-R).Results/Outcomes:Of the questions asked, respondents most often responded that they were disturbed by: “Continuing to participate in care for a hopelessly ill or injured person who is being sustained on a ventilator when no one will make a decision to withdraw support” (Mean 2.68/Median 3/Mode 4); and “Initiated extensive life-saving actions when I think they only prolong death” (2.47/3/3), which caused the next most distress to subjects.Conclusion:It is expected that some health care workers in Armenia are likely facing on-going consequences of the moral distress they faced during this unprecedented period of global pandemic and war. Clinics and teams who are more likely to encounter potentially morally distressing events, such as disaster medicine workers, need to address their moral distress mitigation plan by identifying strategies across the continuum of disaster management.
Contextual legal pedagogy: still radical?
Authors: Armstrong Kenneth A. , Del Mar Maksymilian , Sheldon Sally 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is an introduction to the Special Issue on ‘Contextual Legal Pedagogy’. It introduces the themes of the Special Issue and offers summaries of the papers in the collection. The introduction considers whether, and how, contextual legal pedagogy can still be radical, and how addressing pedagogical issues also necessarily involves addressing vital theoretical issues.
Reduced Marine Molybdenum Inventory Related to Enhanced Organic Carbon Burial and an Expansion of Reducing Environments in the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Oceans
Authors: Them T. R. , Owens J. D. , Marroquín S. M. , Caruthers A. H. , Alexandre J. P. Trabucho , Gill B. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany metals present in trace concentrations in the oceans are sensitive to reduction and oxidation reactions (termed redox‐sensitive trace metals or RSTMs) and can therefore be affected during intervals of expanded oceanic anoxia and euxinia (anoxic and sulfidic waters). These RSTMs are important micronutrients; and their availability plays a significant role in controlling metabolic pathways and therefore ecosystem structure. Understanding the links to ecosystem restructuring and potential collapse is important since past deoxygenation events are associated with biological turnover. The Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T‐OAE) was one such event. We focus on the RSTM molybdenum (Mo), important in the nitrogen cycle, from a basin transect where local redox conditions permit the tracking of the marine reservoir of Mo. Mo enrichments start to decline in the Pliensbachian, continue to decline in the early Toarcian, drop precipitously during the T‐OAE interval, and remain low afterward before a protracted increase toward the initial values seen in the Pliensbachian. From a compilation of available data, we estimate that ∼41 Gt of Mo was buried during the T‐OAE using a range of possible flux estimates. Given the known correlations of Mo with total organic carbon, the estimated burial of organic carbon during the T‐OAE interval was ∼244,000 Gt. This requires a minimum of 3.25% of the ocean floor to be covered by euxinic waters. Finally, we suggest that the intervals traditionally classified as OAEs are associated with the greatest extent of euxinia.
Validation of Food Compass with a healthy diet, cardiometabolic health, and mortality among U.S. adults, 1999–2018
Authors: O’Hearn Meghan , Erndt-Marino Joshua , Gerber Suzannah , Lauren Brianna N. , Economos Christina , Wong John B. , Blumberg Jeffrey B. , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Food Compass is a nutrient profiling system (NPS) to characterize the healthfulness of diverse foods, beverages and meals. In a nationally representative cohort of 47,999 U.S. adults, we validated a person’s individual Food Compass Score (i.FCS), ranging from 1 (least healthful) to 100 (most healthful) based on cumulative scores of items consumed, against: (a) the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015; (b) clinical risk factors and health conditions; and (c) all-cause mortality. Nationally, the mean (SD) of i.FCS was 35.5 (10.9). i.FCS correlated highly with HEI-2015 (R = 0.81). After multivariable-adjustment, each one SD (10.9 point) higher i.FCS associated with more favorable BMI (−0.60 kg/m2 [−0.70,−0.51]), systolic blood pressure (−0.69 mmHg [−0.91,−0.48]), diastolic blood pressure (−0.49 mmHg [−0.66,−0.32]), LDL-C (−2.01 mg/dl [−2.63,−1.40]), HDL-C (1.65 mg/d [1.44,1.85]), HbA1c (−0.02% [−0.03,−0.01]), and fasting plasma glucose (−0.44 mg/dL [−0.74,−0.15]); lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.85 [0.82,0.88]), CVD (0.92 [0.88,0.96]), cancer (0.95 [0.91,0.99]), and lung disease (0.92 [0.88,0.96]); and higher prevalence of optimal cardiometabolic health (1.24 [1.16,1.32]). i.FCS also associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR = 0.93 [0.89,0.96]). Findings were similar by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and BMI. These findings support validity of Food Compass as a tool to guide public health and private sector strategies to identify and encourage healthier eating.
Renewal of planktonic foraminifera diversity after the Cretaceous Paleogene mass extinction by benthic colonizers
Authors: Morard Raphaël , Hassenrück Christiane , Greco Mattia , Fernandez-Guerra Antonio , Rigaud Sylvain , Douady Christophe J. , Kucera Michal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe biotic crisis following the end-Cretaceous asteroid impact resulted in a dramatic renewal of pelagic biodiversity. Considering the severe and immediate effect of the asteroid impact on the pelagic environment, it is remarkable that some of the most affected pelagic groups, like the planktonic foraminifera, survived at all. Here we queried a surface ocean metabarcoding dataset to show that calcareous benthic foraminifera of the clade Globothalamea are able to disperse actively in the plankton, and we show using molecular clock phylogeny that the modern planktonic clades originated from different benthic ancestors that colonized the plankton after the end-Cretaceous crisis. We conclude that the diversity of planktonic foraminifera has been the result of a constant leakage of benthic foraminifera diversity into the plankton, continuously refueling the planktonic niche, and challenge the classical interpretation of the fossil record that suggests that Mesozoic planktonic foraminifera gave rise to the modern communities.
Surface faulting earthquake clustering controlled by fault and shear-zone interactions
Authors: Mildon Zoë K. , Roberts Gerald P. , Faure Walker Joanna P. , Beck Joakim , Papanikolaou Ioannis , Michetti Alessandro M. , Toda Shinji , Iezzi Francesco , Campbell Lucy , McCaffrey Kenneth J. W. , Shanks Richard , Sgambato Claudia , Robertson Jennifer , Meschis Marco , Vittori Eutizio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, strain-storage, and evolving dynamic topography, are poorly quantified, and hence not well understood. We present a quantified replication of observed earthquake clustering in central Italy. Six active normal faults are studied using36Cl cosmogenic dating, revealing out-of-phase periods of high or low surface slip-rate on neighboring structures that we interpret as earthquake clusters and anticlusters. Our calculations link stress transfer caused by slip averaged over clusters and anti-clusters on coupled fault/shear-zone structures to viscous flow laws. We show that (1) differential stress fluctuates during fault/shear-zone interactions, and (2) these fluctuations are of sufficient magnitude to produce changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that explain slip-rate changes on their overlying brittle faults. These results suggest that fault/shear-zone interactions are a plausible explanation for clustering, opening the path towards process-led seismic hazard assessments.
Biodegradation of highly crystallized poly(ethylene terephthalate) through cell surface codisplay of bacterial PETase and hydrophobin
Authors: Chen Zhuozhi , Duan Rongdi , Xiao Yunjie , Wei Yi , Zhang Hanxiao , Sun Xinzhao , Wang Shen , Cheng Yingying , Wang Xue , Tong Shanwei , Yao Yunxiao , Zhu Cheng , Yang Haitao , Wang Yanyan , Wang Zefang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe process of recycling poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) remains a major challenge due to the enzymatic degradation of high-crystallinity PET (hcPET). Recently, a bacterial PET-degrading enzyme, PETase, was found to have the ability to degrade the hcPET, but with low enzymatic activity. Here we present an engineered whole-cell biocatalyst to simulate both the adsorption and degradation steps in the enzymatic degradation process of PETase to achieve the efficient degradation of hcPET. Our data shows that the adhesive unit hydrophobin and degradation unit PETase are functionally displayed on the surface of yeast cells. The turnover rate of the whole-cell biocatalyst toward hcPET (crystallinity of 45%) dramatically increases approximately 328.8-fold compared with that of purified PETase at 30 °C. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations explain how the enhanced adhesion can promote the enzymatic degradation of PET. This study demonstrates engineering the whole-cell catalyst is an efficient strategy for biodegradation of PET.
Temporal and spatial impact of lockdown during COVID-19 on air quality index in Haryana, India
Authors: Manjeet  , Airon Anurag , Kumar Rahul , Saifi Ruksar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the evaluation of air quality in different districts of Haryana. Geo-spatial techniques were used to estimate gaseous and particulate pollutant's spatial and temporal variation during complete nationwide lockdown period and same month of previous year 2019 (March to May). Data of six fixed pollutants were collected from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). In this context, the data of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NOx, SO2, and CO) were analyzed for 2019 and 2020. The Spatio-temporal distribution of the Air Quality Index (AQI) clearly depicts difference in lockdown and unlock period. The result was showed that the air quality was very poor to satisfactory in 2019 and an improvement was observed from satisfactory to good in 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdown. On the basis of result, it will be concluded that automobile and industry are the major contributor in increase the pollutant concentration.
Assessing spermatozoal small ribonucleic acids and their relationship to blastocyst development in idiopathic infertile males
Authors: Hamilton Matthew , Russell Stewart , Menezes Karen , Moskovtsev Sergey I. , Librach Clifford 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClinical testing strategies for diagnosing male factor infertility are limited. A deeper analysis of spermatozoa-derived factors could potentially diagnose some cases of ‘unexplained infertility’. Spermatozoa carry a rich and dynamic profile of small RNAs, which have demonstrated potential developmental importance and association with fertility status. We used next-generation sequencing to correlate sperm small RNA profiles of normozoospermic males (n = 54) with differing blastocyst development rates, when using young donor oocytes. While ribosomal RNAs accounted for the highest number of sequencing reads, transfer RNA fragments of tRNAGly/GCCand tRNAVal-CACwere the most abundant sequences across all sperm samples. A total of 324 small RNAs were differentially expressed between samples with high (n = 18) and low (n = 14) blastocyst rates (p-adj < 0.05). Ninety three miRNAs were differentially expressed between these groups (p-adj < 0.05). Differentially expressed transfer RNA fragments included: 5'-tRF-Asp-GTC; 5'-tRF-Phe-GAA; and 3'-tRF-Ser-GCA. Differentially expressed miRNAs included: let-7f-2-5p; miR-4755-3p; and miR-92a-3p. This study provides the foundation on which to validate a clinical panel of fertility-related sperm small RNAs, as well as to pursue potential mechanisms through which they alter blastocyst development.