bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative evaluation of the biochar’s influence on plant disease suppress: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yuheng , Chen Tongtong , Xiao Ran , Chen Xinping , Zhang Tong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that soil applications of biochar contribute to plant disease suppression and growth promotion. Here, we quantitatively evaluated the performance of biochars on plant disease suppression and production using meta-analysis of literature data. The results indicated that biochar amendment dramatically reduced disease severity (DS) by 47.46% while increasing plant biomass by 44.05%. The highest disease suppression was achieved with soil application of straw-derived biochar compared to biochar from other feedstocks, while no significant increase in yield was found with straw-derived biochar. Biochars pyrolyzed at medium temperatures (350–600 °C) facilitate both disease controlling and growth promotion. Soil application of biochars between 3 and 5% significantly decreased plant DS by 59.11%, and inverted U-shaped biochar dose/DS suppression curve and biochar dose/growth curve were observed. In cash crop fields, the DS of plants amended with biochar was reduced over 50%, which was significantly higher than that of grain crops and perennial trees. Furthermore, biochar performance on plant disease suppression was higher for airborne pathogens than for soilborne pathogens, possibly due to the systemic activation of plant defences by biochar amendment. Additionally, a reduction of DS by biochar was observed on plants grown in agricultural soils. Our work contributes to the standardization of biochar production and provides a reference for improving the function of biochar in disease control.
Graphical Abstract
A nanoscale observation to explain the discrepancy of electron exchange capacities between biochar containing comparable surface redox-active moieties
Authors: Li Shasha , Shao Liming , Zhang Hua , Lu Xuemin , Lü Fan , He Pinjing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiochar, possessing electron exchange capacities (EEC), is generally involved in environmental redox reactions due to the presence of redox-active moieties (RAMs). The phenomenon that chars containing comparable RAMs possess differential EEC revealed that the accessibility of RAMs is important to the redox properties. However, many studies have focused on the type of RAMs, whereas the distribution has been insufficiently investigated. Herein, we achieved nanoscale observation of electroactive moieties on the surface of six chars using a conductive atomic force microscope. For the two specific kinds of chars with submicron particles and opposite current distributions, the submicron particles took up only 1–4‰wt of biochar accounting for approximately 30–50% of electron-donating capacity (EDC), and electron-accepting capacity (EAC) became 87% and 1.40 times as before after removing submicron particles, respectively. Meanwhile, the combined impact of RAMs and surface topography (that uneven distribution of RAMs resulted in outstanding EEC by enhancing accessibility) was clarified. Furthermore, direct evidence of the link between char structure and EEC (that condensed aromatic structures were indispensable to EAC while both heteroatoms and amorphous aromatics contributed to EDC) was established. These findings can aid in understanding the functions of biochar in biotic and abiotic redox processes.
Graphical Abstract
Biochar amendment alters the partitioning of nitrate reduction by significantly enhancing DNRA in a paddy field
Authors: Wei Zhijun , Senbayram Mehmet , Zhao Xu , Li Chenglin , Jin Ke , Wu Min , Rahman M. Mizanur , Shan Jun , Yan Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing 15N tracer technique, we investigated the potential rates of denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and their partitioning among nitrate reduction, as well as the N2O emission rates in a paddy soil receiving various biochar (0%, 0.03%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%; w/w) and straw (0.1%) over six consecutive years. Results showed that except for the 1.0% amendment treatment, biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased denitrification rates by 10.19‒75.96% compared with non-biochar amended treatment, and that biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased DNRA rates by 1.63‒6.84 folds relative to non-biochar amended treatment. Consequently, biochar shifted more NO3– partitioning toward DNRA process, as suggested by the increased DNRA/(denitrification + DNRA) ratios from 1.60 to 13.18%. On the other hand, biochar significantly (P < 0.05) reduced N2O emission rates by 61.86–97.65% accompanied by a significant decrease in N2O/(N2O + N2) ratios (65.29–98.39%), indicating biochar amendment facilitated the reduction of N2O to N2. The promoting effects of biochar on DNRA rates and DNRA/(denitrification + DNRA) ratios were attributed to the increased carbon availability and the altered nitrate reducer communities. Collectively, our study suggests that biochar amendment in the paddy soil is helpful for N conservation by favoring nitrate partitioning toward DNRA process, which deepens our understanding of how biochar mediates N cycling in the paddy field.
Graphical Abstract
Weak-acid biochar catalyst prepared from mechanochemically-activated biomass and humic acid for production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Guo Haixin , Ogawa Sohei , Isoda Yukiya , Shen Feng , Smith Richard Lee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany types of sustainably-prepared functional biochar catalysts are needed to transform biomass substrates into platform chemicals. In this work, weak-acid biochar catalysts were prepared by mix ball-milled (10 min, isothermal, room temperature) cherry blossom tree leaf biomass (BM) with humic acid (H) prior to carbonization of samples for 1 h under nitrogen gas. Characterization of the as-prepared materials (HBM-carbonization temperature in °C) showed that humic acid activated the biochars and increased their number of oxygen-containing functional (–COOH, OH) groups. The weak-acid biochars were applied as heterogeneous catalysts for dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), where it was found that biochar catalyst, HBM-400, gave 100% fructose conversion and 77.5% 5-HMF yields in an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) reaction system (140 °C, 60 min reaction time). As-prepared HBM-400 biochars exhibited constant catalytic activity for fructose dehydration with repeated use without any type of reactivation treatment and were stable for 5 cycles. Humic acid is an effective additive for preparing weak-acid catalytic materials from waste biomass.
Graphical Abstract
Preparation and characterization of MgO hybrid biochar and its mechanism for high efficient recovery of phosphorus from aqueous media
Authors: Fang Yueru , Ali Amjad , Gao Yuxi , Zhao Peng , Li Ronghua , Li Xianxian , Liu Junxi , Luo Yuan , Peng Yaru , Wang Hailong , Liu Hongbin , Zhang Zengqiang , Pan Junting 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConversion of organic waste into engineered metal-biochar composite is an effective way of enhancing biochar’s efficiency for adsorptive capture of phosphorus (P) from aqueous media. Thus, various strategies have been created for the production of metal-biochar composites; however, the complex preparation steps, high-cost metal salt reagent application, or extreme process equipment requirements involved in those strategies limited the large-scale production of metal-biochar composites. In this study, a novel biochar composite rich in magnesium oxides (MFBC) was directly produced through co-pyrolysis of magnesite with food waste; the product, MFBC was used to adsorptively capture P from solution and bio-liquid wastewater. The results showed that compared to the pristine food waste biochar, MFBC was a uniformly hybrid MgO biochar composite with a P capture capacity of 523.91 mg/g. The capture of P by MFBC was fitted using the Langmuir and pseudo-first-order kinetic models. The P adsorptive capture was controlled by MgHPO4 formation and electrostatic attraction, which was affected by the coexisting F− and CO32− ions. MFBC could recover more than 98% of P from the solution and bio-liquid wastewater. Although the P-adsorbed MFBC showed very limited reusability but it can be substituted for phosphate fertiliser in agricultural practices. This study provided an innovative technology for preparing MgO-biochar composite against P recovery from aqueous media, and also highlighted high-value-added approaches for resource utilization of bio-liquid wastewater and food waste.
Graphical Abstract
Analysis of molecular photomechanical performance using a one-dimensional harmonic model
Authors: Berges Adam J. , Bardeen Christopher J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe photochemical reaction of a molecule leads to a change in the position of its nuclei that can be harnessed to perform mechanical work. Photomechanical materials use this effect to act as light-powered actuators. In this paper, a one-dimensional model based on coupled harmonic potential energy surfaces is developed to describe the photomechanical response of a molecule. This model generates predictions that are qualitatively consistent with standard mechanochemistry models for ground state rate reactions. To analyze the photomechanical process, excited state dynamics like photon absorption and relaxation are included. The model allows us to derive analytical expressions for the work output, blocking force, and absorbed photon-to-work efficiency. The effects of nonadiabatic electronic coupling, unequal frequency potentials, and the cycling efficiency are also analyzed. If the starting state is the stable (lower energy) isomer, it is possible to attain photon-to-work efficiencies up to 55.4%. If initial state is higher in energy, for example a metastable isomer, then one-way efficiencies > 100% are possible due to the release of stored potential energy. Photomechanical materials can be competitive with photovoltaic–piezoelectric combinations in terms of efficiency, but current materials will require substantial improvement before they can approach the theoretical limits.
Graphical abstract
Juger et faire juger les auteurs de violations graves du droit international humanitaire
Authors: Laucci Cyril 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe establishment of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda, and the recent adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, are important steps towards ensuring that justice prevails. However, existing and future international criminal courts alone will never be able to try all cases of serious violations of international humanitarian law. Domestic courts have to step in and they must keep their role as the main agents for rendering justice. The rule according to which the ICC's jurisdiction is a complementary one is wise and also indispensable for guaranteeing the new court's success. The international courts should actively seek to establish cooperation agreements with national jurisdictions and facilitate the transfer of cases, in particular those of minor importance. In the authors'view the future of criminal justice lies in an invigorated domestic justice system
Analytical solution for the motion of a pendulum with rolling wheel: stability analysis
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Amer T. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current work focuses on the motion of a simple pendulum connected to a wheel and a lightweight spring. The fundamental equation of motion is transformed into a complicated nonlinear ordinary differential equation under restricted surroundings. To achieve the approximate regular solution, the combination of the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Laplace transforms is adopted in combination with the nonlinear expanded frequency. In order to verify the achievable solution, the technique of Runge–Kutta of fourth-order (RK4) is employed. The existence of the obtained solutions over the time, as well as their related phase plane plots, are graphed to display the influence of the parameters on the motion behavior. Additionally, the linearized stability analysis is validated to understand the stability in the neighborhood of the fixed points. The phase portraits near the equilibrium points are sketched.
Interleukin-8 and depressive responses to an inflammatory challenge: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kruse Jennifer L. , Boyle Chloe C. , Olmstead Richard , Breen Elizabeth C. , Tye Susannah J. , Eisenberger Naomi I. , Irwin Michael R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that interleukin (IL)-8 has a protective role in the context of depression. Higher levels of IL-8 are associated with lower depressive symptom severity among depressed patients, and treatment-related increases in IL-8 correlate with a positive response in depressed patients. This study (a secondary analysis of a completed randomized controlled trial) aimed to examine whether higher levels of IL-8 mitigate increases in depressed mood in response to an experimental model of inflammation induced depression. Given epidemiologic relationships identified between IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, and subsequent depression, levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines were also explored as potential moderators of depressed mood response to endotoxin. Secondary analyses were completed on data from healthy adults (n = 114) who completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in which participants were randomly assigned to receive either a single infusion of low-dose endotoxin (derived from Escherichia coli; 0.8 ng/kg of body weight) or placebo (same volume of 0.9% saline). IL-8, as well as IL-6 and TNF- α, were measured at baseline prior to infusion, and depressed mood and feelings of social disconnection were assessed approximately hourly. Baseline levels of IL-8, but not IL-6 or TNF-α, moderated depressed mood (β = − 0.274,p = .03) and feelings of social disconnection (β = − 0.307,p = .01) responses, such that higher baseline IL-8 was associated with less increase in depressed mood and feelings of social disconnection in the endotoxin, but not placebo, condition. IL-8 had threshold effects, in which highest quartile IL-8 (≥ 2.7 pg/mL) attenuated increases in depressed mood in response to endotoxin as compared to lower IL-8 quartiles (p = .02). These findings suggest that IL-8 may be a biological factor that mitigates risk of inflammation-associated depression.Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01671150, registration date 23/08/2012.
Quantitative texture analysis based on dynamic contrast enhanced MRI for differential diagnosis between primary thymic lymphoma from thymic carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Jia-jia , Shen Jie , Zhang Wei , Wang Fen , Yuan Mei , Xu Hai , Yu Tong-fu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the value of texture analysis based on dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the differential diagnosis of thymic carcinoma and thymic lymphoma. Sixty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed (thymic carcinoma, n = 32; thymic lymphoma, n = 37) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Ktrans, Kep and Ve maps were automatically generated, and texture features were extracted, including mean, median, 5th/95th percentile, skewness, kurtosis, diff-variance, diff-entropy, contrast and entropy. The differences in parameters between the two groups were compared and the diagnostic efficacy was calculated. The Ktrans-related significant features yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 (sensitivity 90.6%, specificity 51.4%) for the differentiation between thymic carcinoma and thymic lymphoma. The Kep-related significant features yielded an AUC of 0.780 (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 62.2%). The Ve-related significant features yielded an AUC of 0.807 (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 78.4%). The combination of DCE-MRI textural features yielded an AUC of 0.962 (sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 89.2%). Five parameters were screened out, including age, Ktrans-entropy, Kep-entropy, Ve-entropy, and Ve-P95. The combination of these five parameters yielded the best discrimination efficiency (AUC of 0.943, 93.7% sensitivity, 81.1% specificity). Texture analysis of DCE-MRI may be helpful to distinguish thymic carcinoma from thymic lymphoma.
Using the articularis genu to test peri-articular muscle health during knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Cruz Ayala José A. , Crawford Mallory , Gatterer Mary C. , Tovar Maria , Rivera Jessica C. , Dasa Vinod , Marrero Luis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (OA) involves peri-articular sarcopenia. The infrapatellar articularis genu (AG) links to the quadriceps femoris (QF) and can be sampled from discarded tissue during arthroplasty. We predict disuse-mediated changes in AG myofiber type ratio and atrophy similar to reports on the QF during OA. OA AGs (n = 40) were preserved and grouped by poor (≤ 85°; n = 11), fair (90°–110°; n = 19), and good (≥ 115°; n = 10) range of motion (ROM). Immunolabeling of slow and fast myosin heavy chains in AG sections allowed comparing distribution and cross-sectional area (CSA) of type-I (T1) and type-II (T2) myofibers between groups and associating to ROM. T1/T2 ratios in fair and poor ROM groups was consistent with those published in OA QF. Increasing mean ± SD T2 percentages from good (43.31 ± 11.76), to fair (50.96 ± 5.85), and poor (60.02 ± 8.29) ROM groups was significant between poor versus fair (p = 0.018) and good (p < 0.0001) in association with ROM deficits (r = − 0.729; p < 0.0001). T1 and T2 CSA decreased with worsening ROM, which associates with lower symptom scores (r = 0.3198; p = 0.0472). In-depth evaluation of the OA AG as a surrogate for the OA QF relative to serum and/or synovial fluid biomarkers of sarcopenia could refine diagnostics of peri-articular muscle health to guide individualized strength rehabilitation after surgery.
Effects of elevated serum urate on cardiometabolic and kidney function markers in a randomised clinical trial of inosine supplementation
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Mihov Borislav , Stewart Angela , Gamble Gregory D. , Merriman Tony R. , Mount David , Reid Ian R. , Stamp Lisa K. , Horne Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn observational studies, serum urate positively associates with cardiometabolic and kidney diseases. We analyzed data from a randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine whether moderate hyperuricemia induced by inosine affects cardiometabolic and kidney function markers. One hundred and twenty post-menopausal women were recruited into a 6-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of inosine for bone health. Change from baseline in the following pre-specified endpoints was analyzed: body mass index; blood pressure; lipid profile; C-reactive protein; fasting glucose; insulin; HbA1c; serum creatinine; and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Despite increases in serum urate levels (+ 0.17 mmol/L at week 6, P < 0.0001), no significant between-group differences were observed in cardiometabolic markers, with the exception of lower fasting glucose concentrations with inosine at week 19. In the inosine group, change in serum urate correlated with change in serum creatinine (r = 0.41, P = 0.0012). However, there was no between-group difference in serum creatinine values. Over the entire study period, there was no significant difference in eGFR (ANCOVA P = 0.13). Reduction in eGFR was greater in the inosine group at Week 13 (mean difference − 4.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, false detection rate P = 0.025), with no between-group difference in eGFR at other time points. These data indicate that increased serum urate does not negatively influence body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, or glycaemic control. Serum urate changes associated with inosine intake correlate with changes in serum creatinine, but this does not lead to clinically important reduction in kidney function over 6 months.Clinical trial registration number: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000940370), registered 30/06/2017.
Steady‐state hybrid extended Kalman filter based sensorless voltage controller for a phase‐shifted full‐bridge converter
Authors: Candan Muhammed Yusuf , Ankarali Mustafa Mert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a steady‐state hybrid extended Kalman filter‐based control method for sensorless output voltage regulation of a phase‐shifted full‐bridge DC/DC converter. Unlike the conventional applications, there are some specific cases where the voltage feedback needs to be received indirectly. For example, in wireless power transmission applications, obtaining a “continuous” and real‐time feedback without relying only on wireless communication could significantly advance the systems' performance and robustness. Specifically, in this paper, a method that can estimate the output voltage feedback as well as load resistance in real‐time for sensorless voltage control is proposed. The approach in this study relies on estimating the output voltage using processed primary current measurement. Although the exemplary converter system is modelled in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the method can also estimate the load resistance and provide a stable operation in continuous conduction mode (CCM). However, for very low load resistances which cause limit states such as current control limit or duty cycle limit, method cannot estimate the load resistance properly. Throughout the paper, the modelling framework is first introduced and then the design of the proposed sensorless voltage control scheme is presented. Finally, the algorithm's performance is verified through experimental studies.
Master‐slave design for frequency regulation in hybrid power system under complex environment
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Gulzar Muhammad Majid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe advancement in technology has proceeded exceptionally that the stability of the power system becomes a major challenge. The mismatch of generation and demand creates frequency perturbation that need to be curbed under the limits to avoid power breakdown. Owing to this, the paper focuses to counter the ever‐increasing challenges to the power system much like load and fault disruption that causes frequency deterioration and breakdown. A novel master‐slave (MS) control design is formulated for a hybrid interconnected power system in which fractional‐order‐proportional‐integral‐derivative (FOPID) controller act as a master and model predictive controller (MPC) act as a slave controller. The gain parameters of the master controller are tuned by salp swarm algorithm (SSA) which act as a secondary loop controller, while slave act as a primary loop controller. The MS formation has resultantly removed the steady‐state error associated with MPC and help to mitigate the LFC problem. Furthermore, the superiority of the controller is tested under load and fault disruption in a multi‐area power system. The designed controller is tested under four states (1) abrupt load variation, (2) sinusoidal load deviation, (3) sensitivity analysis and (4) IEEE 39‐bus test system analysis. The disclosed simulation results depicts that the proposed control scheme has a dynamic performance as compared to other controllers.