bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong genetic differentiation between fragmented alpine bush‐cricket populations demands preservation of evolutionary significant units
Authors: Martinez‐Sañudo Isabel , Basso Andrea , Ortis Giacomo , Marangoni Federico , Stancher Gionata , Mazzon Luca 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The eastern alpine bush cricket, Anonconotus italoaustriacus Nadig, 1987, is a grassland species historically present in a few disjunct ranges in north‐eastern Italy and High Tauern in Austria. The species has recently been included in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as an endangered species with a decreasing population trend.
Information regarding the genetic structure of endangered insect populations and the delineation of evolutionary significant units (ESUs) are nowadays a useful and integral component of many conservation plans. The genetic differentiation of A. italoaustriacus populations was studied through the analysis of four fragments of the mitochondrial DNA in five disjunct populations, covering the entire Italian geographical distribution known for this taxon and partially the Austrian distribution.
Results revealed a strong geographical structure among populations and complete absence of gene flow suggesting the need to protect these evolutionary distinct lineages. Divergence time estimation analyses suggested that an ancient separation of bush‐cricket populations occurred approximately 1–1.5 Mya.
Since the A. italoaustriacus populations represented genetically differentiated entities, conservation efforts should consider each population as a management unit. Conservation actions, preceded by detailed ecological studies and focused on monitoring, preserving and enlarging the existing habitat patches are thus proposed.
Preparation and properties of porous Al2O3‐based ceramics by gel casting using MgO as a gelling and consolidating agent
Authors: Piao Jiasi , Tang Yudong , Li Chengfeng , Bai Jiahai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow‐cost and environment‐friendly MgO was used as a new gelling and consolidating agent to fabricate porous Al2O3‐based ceramics via a gel casting routine. Effects of 800°C calcined additions of MgO (.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt%, respectively) on open porosity (OP), pore size distribution, gas flux, and microstructure of the porous ceramics were investigated deliberately. The experimental results showed that 800°C calcined MgO exhibits excellent gelling and consolidating performance at 80°C, mainly owing to the hydration reaction between MgO and H2O and thus results in high‐quality porous Al2O3‐based ceramics without deformation and cracking. The Al2O3–water suspensions with different MgO additions have good flowability at room temperature. Moreover, water absorption, open porosity, and gas flux of the as‐prepared porous ceramics increase remarkably with rising of MgO addition. Furthermore, MgO addition significantly suppresses the abnormal growth of Al2O3 grains, and thus the microstructure of the porous Al2O3‐based ceramics becomes more uniform. This technique of gel casting using MgO as a new gelling and consolidating agent offers an alternative routine for a large‐scale production of porous ceramics.
Effect of extrusion and enzyme modification on functional and structural properties of pea peel (Pisum sativum L.) insoluble dietary fibre and its effect on yogurt rheology
Authors: Kumari Tapasya , Das Amit Baran , Deka Sankar Chandra 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe enzyme and extrusion modifications of insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) of green pea peel were done to improve the functional and structural properties. The effect of the modified IDF on the yogurt rheology was also examined. The enzyme treatment was done with different concentrations of cellulase and xylanase, while the extrusion modification was done with different cooking temperatures. The typical honeycomb morphology of control IDF got changed after both modifications. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area ranged from 11.892 to 15.358 m2 g−1 for enzyme‐modified sample. Enzyme‐modified IDF (M2) sample showed higher water retention capacity (3.25 g g−1), swelling capacity (8.89 mL g−1), oil absorption capacity (3.25 g g−1), cation exchange capacity (0.86 mmol g−1) and glucose adsorption capacity (4.73 mM) as compared to the extrusion‐modified samples. The glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI) was significantly higher for enzyme‐modified samples (P < 0.05). The addition of modified IDF to yogurt changed oscillatory rheological and viscoelastic behaviour, which was linear and enhanced supramolecular interaction during gel formation. The results of the present investigation exhibited a method of customising IDF for food fortification.
CD137L and CD4 T cells limit BCL6‐expressing pre‐germinal center B cell expansion and BCL6‐driven B cell malignancy
Authors: Ding Zhoujie , Quast Isaak , Yan Feng , Liao Yang , Pitt Catherine , O‐Donnell Kristy , Robinson Marcus J , Shi Wei , Kallies Axel , Zotos Dimitra , Tarlinton David M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAberrant expression of the proto‐oncogene BCL6 is a driver of tumorigenesis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Mice overexpressing BCL6 from the B cell‐specific immunoglobulin heavy chain μ intron promoter (Iμ‐Bcl6Tg/+) develop B cell lymphomas with features typical of human DLBCL. While the development of B cell lymphoma in these mice is tightly controlled by T cells, the mechanisms of this immune surveillance are poorly understood. Here we show that CD4 T cells contribute to the control of lymphoproliferative disease in lymphoma‐prone Iμ‐Bcl6Tg/+ mice. We reveal that this CD4 T cell immuno‐surveillance requires signaling by the co‐stimulatory molecule CD137 ligand (CD137L; also known as 4‐1BBL), which may promote the transition of pre‐malignant B cells with an activated phenotype into the germinal center stage via reverse signaling, preventing their hazardous accumulation. Thus, CD137L‐mediated CD4 T cell immuno‐surveillance adds another layer of protection against B cell malignancy to that provided by CD8 T cell cytotoxicity.
Bacterial invasion into the epidermis of rats with sodium lauryl sulphate‐irritated skin increases damage and induces incontinence‐associated dermatitis
Authors: Koudounas Sofoklis , Minematsu Takeo , Mugita Yuko , Nakai Ayano , Tobe Hiromi , Takizawa Chihiro , Kunimitsu Mao , Nakagami Gojiro , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) is caused by prolonged exposure to urine/liquid stool. It is a common and often painful skin condition in older incontinent adults because of poor prevention. Patients with urinary infections are at risk of developing IAD, and to guide the development of novel prevention strategies, we aimed to develop an animal model of IAD by urine and bacteria. First, contralateral sites on the dorsal skin of Sprague–Dawley rats were compromised by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), simulating frequent cleansing with soap/water. Filter discs were then placed inside ring‐shaped chambers on foam dressings, inoculated with or without Pseudomonas aeruginosa, covered with agarose gels immersed in cultured filtrated urine, and secured in place with an occlusive dressing for 3 days. Untreated and SLS‐compromised sites served as controls. The IAD was developed at bacteria‐inoculated sites, characterised by severe IAD‐like redness that persisted for up to 3 days post‐exposure and higher disruption of the skin barrier function compared with non‐inoculated sites. Pathological changes included epidermal thickening, partial skin loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, accumulation of red blood cells, and invasion of bacteria into the epidermis. This novel, clinically relevant IAD rat model can serve for future prevention developments.
Photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and their relationships with soybean pod development under heat, drought and combined stresses
Authors: Du Xiangbei , Zhang Xinyue , Wei Zhi , Lei Weixia , Hu Guoyu , Huang Zhiping , Kong Lingcong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoybean is usually grown under rain‐fed conditions, and long‐term drought stress often occurs with short‐term heat stress. This study aimed to investigate changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and their relationships with pod development under short‐term heat, long‐term drought and their combined stresses. Short‐term heat stress lasted for 5 days began at R5 stage, and long‐term drought stress lasted from R5 stage until maturity, respectively. No significant effect was observed on pod development under short‐term heat stress alone due to unaffected net photosynthetic rate after treatment and PSII recovery after the heat stress release. Except that the reduction of sucrose content had been brought forward from 12 to 5 days after treatment under combined stresses, application of combined stresses caused similar responses to long‐term drought stress alone on the photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and pod development, but more pronounced under combined stresses. Reduced pod weight and seed weight per pod under long‐term drought stress alone or combined stress due to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate and production of sucrose and starch, especially after 19 days of treatment. Findings from this study demonstrate that under combined stress, long‐term drought stress had a dominant effect on the photosynthetic performance of subtending leaves and pod development over short‐term heat stress; moreover, even short‐term heat stress also exacerbates the negative effects of long‐term drought stress.
Identification of NS5B resistance against SOFOSBUVIR in hepatitis C virus genotype 3a, naive and treated patients
Authors: Younas Saima , Sumrin Aleena , Hussain Nazim , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of HCV with genotype 3a (GT-3a) being the most frequently circulating genotype. Currently, resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are a major challenge in HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Sofosbuvir (SOF) is an FDA-approved NS5B nucleotide inhibitor. The aim of this study was to identify these RASs in the NS5B gene in naive and treated Pakistani HCV 3a isolates against SOF.

Methods and Results
Blood samples were collected from anti-HCV-positive patients, followed by HCV RNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification. HCV-positive patients were processed for HCV RNA genotyping, patients with genotype 3a were processed for NS5B gene amplification and sequencing. GT-3a was the most prevalent genotype (62.2%). S282T was identified in 2 (8.7%) patients, C316Y/G/R in 3 (13%), V321A and L320P in 1 (4.3%) each in SOF/RBV-resistant patients. Variants of S282 were detected in 3 (13%) of SOF/RBV-treated patients. While INF/RBV-associated mutations were also analysed, D244N, A333R and A334E were identified in 2 (9.5%), 3 (14.2%) and 7 (33.3%) in treatment-naive and 15 (65.2%), 7 (30.4%) and 5 (21.7%) treated patients, respectively. Q309R was observed only in one treatment-experienced patients. Some substitutions were present at higher frequency in both groups like N307G, K304R, A272D and R345H, considered that they do not have any role in sofosbuvir resistance.

Conclusion
It was concluded that sofosbuvir RASs are present in Pakistani HCV GT-3a isolates, and they should be monitored carefully, especially in treatment-experienced patients, for further selection of treatment regimens.

Significance and Impact of Study
HCV RASs have been studied very well across the world but there is scarcity of data regarding this topic in Pakistani population, this study provides data regarding the prevalence of these RASs in Pakistani HCV isolates emphasizing the fact that these RASs must be carefully monitored before starting HCV treatment, especially in treatment failure patients.
One session treatment (OST) is equivalent to multi‐session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in children with specific phobias (ASPECT): results from a national non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wright Barry , Tindall Lucy , Scott Alexander J. , Lee Ellen , Cooper Cindy , Biggs Katie , Bee Penny , Wang Han‐I , Gega Lina , Hayward Emily , Solaiman Kiera , Teare M. Dawn , Davis Thompson , Wilson Jon , Lovell Karina , McMillan Dean , Barr Amy , Edwards Hannah , Lomas Jennifer , Turtle Chris , Parrott Steve , Teige Catarina , Chater Tim , Hargate Rebecca , Ali Shezhad , Parkinson Sarah , Gilbody Simon , Marshall David 
Published: August 2022

Background5%–10% children and young people (CYP) experience specific phobias that impact daily functioning. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is recommended but has limitations. One Session Treatment (OST), a briefer alternative incorporating CBT principles, has demonstrated efficacy. The Alleviating Specific Phobias Experienced by Children Trial (ASPECT) investigated the non‐inferiority of OST compared to multi‐session CBT for treating specific phobias in CYP.MethodsASPECT was a pragmatic, multi‐center, non‐inferiority randomized controlled trial in 26 CAMHS sites, three voluntary agency services, and one university‐based CYP well‐being service. CYP aged 7–16 years with specific phobia were randomized to receive OST or CBT. Clinical non‐inferiority and a nested cost‐effectiveness evaluation was assessed 6‐months post‐randomization using the Behavioural Avoidance Task (BAT). Secondary outcome measures included the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule, Child Anxiety Impact Scale, Revised Children's Anxiety Depression Scale, goal‐based outcome measure, and EQ‐5DY and CHU‐9D, collected blind at baseline and six‐months.Results268 CYPs were randomized to OST (n = 134) or CBT (n = 134). Mean BAT scores at 6 months were similar across groups in both intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) populations (CBT: 7.1 (ITT, n = 76), 7.4 (PP, n = 57), OST: 7.4 (ITT, n = 73), 7.6 (PP, n = 56), on the standardized scale‐adjusted mean difference for CBT compared to OST ‐0.123, 95% CI −0.449 to 0.202 (ITT), mean difference −0.204, 95% CI −0.579 to 0.171 (PP)). These findings were wholly below the standardized non‐inferiority limit of 0.4, suggesting that OST is non‐inferior to CBT. No between‐group differences were found on secondary outcomes. OST marginally decreased mean service use costs and maintained similar mean Quality Adjusted Life Years compared to CBT.ConclusionsOne Session Treatment has similar clinical effectiveness to CBT for specific phobias in CYP and may be a cost‐saving alternative.
In vitro versus in planta: Comparing the compatibility of Akanthomyces lecanii with pesticides against Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Authors: Mejía Cindy , Espinel Carlos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLecabiol® is a registered biopesticide based on the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces lecanii (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) for the control of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato crops. This product is commonly applied with several pesticides and fungicides in integrated pest management programs, and a reduction in efficacy is expected. The present work aimed to evaluate the compatibility of A. lecanii with pesticides used in tomato. Three insecticides (bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr and spinetoram) and six fungicides (dimethomorph, kasugamycin, metalaxyl:mancozeb, difenoconazole, pyrimethanil and propineb: cymoxanil) were tested in vitro and in planta. The compatibility was determined by using the biological index (BI). For in vitro test, germination, mycelial growth and conidial production were evaluated, and for in planta, the mixture of pesticide + fungus and alternating applications was carried out to assess the efficacy to control the pest. The insecticide chlorfenapyr was compatible in vitro (BI = 78) but moderately toxic (BI = 52) when the product was applied as a mixture with the fungus to control T. vaporariorum in planta; in contrast, bifenthrin was initially classified as moderately toxic (BI = 57) but was compatible in planta (BI = 71). The fungicides dimethomorph and kasugamycin were compatible (BI = 81–97); propineb: cymoxanil was moderately toxic (BI = 51), and metalaxyl:mancozeb and difenoconazole were toxic (BI = 0–37) in vitro, whereas most fungicides were moderately toxic or toxic when evaluated in planta. The pesticides spinetoram and pyrimethanil remained compatible in both assays (BI = 85–90). For the alternating application, the fungicides dimethomorph and pyrimethanil significantly diminished the efficacy of the fungi below 40% to control T. vaporariorum. The findings demonstrate that compatibility of the fungus with insecticides and fungicides varied among in vitro and in planta assessments (combined or via alternation).
Survival, growth and tag retention of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) with implanted 12 mm passive integrated transponder tags and acoustic tags
Authors: Jepsen Niels , Richter Luise , Pedersen Michael Ingemann , Deng Zhiqun (Daniel) 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the efficiency of tagging juvenile European eels with implanted 12 mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags or Eel/Lamprey acoustic transmitters (ELATs), the authors studied tag retention, survival and growth of eels (7–25 g). Experimental eels were obtained from an eel farm, tagged and then released in a series of shallow dug‐out ponds with a surface area of c. 200 m2. Tagged and control eels were distributed evenly, with 50 tagged and 50 control eels in each of four ponds, giving a total of 200 tagged and 200 control eels mixed. After 76 days, the ponds were drained, and eels were sampled and measured. A total of 344 eels (86%) were recaptured, indicating high survival. Tag retention was 99% as only one of the recaptured PIT‐tagged eels had lost the tag and none of the ELAT tagged. The results demonstrated that tagging juvenile eels >16 cm with these small tags is indeed feasible. The growth of tagged and control fish was differentiated but generally low in length and negative in mass but did not differ between the three groups.
Thickness profiling of electron transparent aluminium alloy foil using convergent beam electron diffraction
Authors: Bendo Artenis , Moshtaghi Masoud , Smith Matthew , Jin Zelong , Xiong Yida , Matsuda Kenji , Zhou Xiaorong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConvergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) was used to profile the thickness of aluminium alloys foils prepared by using the twinjet electropolishing method. The two‐beam CBED condition was obtained by exciting the and aluminium diffracted g‐vector. The aluminium alloy foil thicknesses were calculated at different distances from the sample hole edge. In areas where only one Kossel–Möllenstedt (K–M) minima fringe was obtained, the thickness was determined by matching the experimental with simulated convergent beam diffraction patterns. In areas far away from the sample edge, the thickness of foils was high enough to generate at least two (K–M) minima fringes, required for linear regression fitting.
Postpartum degeneration of adenomyosis with diffuse cyst‐like changes and localized hemorrhage detected by sequential magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ichinose Mari , Iriyama Takayuki , Sayama Seisuke , Toshimitsu Masatake , Seyama Takahiro , Sone Kenbun , Kumasawa Keiichi , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Hanaoka Shouhei , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImaging and histological changes occurring in adenomyosis due to pregnancy are unclear. A 38‐year‐old nulliparous woman presented with dysmenorrhea and infertility. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse‐type adenomyosis. Following pregnancy by in vitro fertilization, she was hospitalized at 23 weeks of gestation due to fetal growth restriction and subsequently diagnosed with preeclampsia. A second MRI performed due to an elevated inflammatory response at 31 weeks of gestation detected no obvious degenerative findings. An emergency cesarean section was performed at 33 weeks of gestation because of nonreassuring fetal status. On postpartum day 2, she showed uterine tenderness with a dramatically elevated inflammatory response. A third MRI showed cyst‐like degenerations with hemorrhagic changes without abscess. By postpartum day 7, she was quickly relieved and discharged from the hospital. A fourth MRI at postpartum month 4 confirmed the disappearance of degenerations. This is the first report of imaging findings of early postpartum degeneration of adenomyosis.
An analysis of factors associated with neonatal, post‐neonatal and child mortality in Haiti, including breastfeeding as a time‐dependent variable
Authors: Forde Ian , Tripathi Vrijesh 
Published: August 2022

AimThe main objective of the study was to identify factors associated with neonatal, post‐neonatal and child mortality. The study also investigated breastfeeding status as a time‐dependent variable.MethodsThe 2016–2017 Haitian Demographic and Health Survey was analysed. The analysis was done on 6530 live births. Time‐constant and time‐dependent multivariable Royston–Parmar spline models were used to identify associated factors for all three age groups. Restricted mean survival times were calculated for the different levels of the breastfeeding variable for each age group.ResultsNeonates and post‐neonates who were not breastfed were associated with increased mortality, hazard ratio (HR) 22.13 (95% confidence interval (CI), 16.40–29.87) and HR 4.99 (95% CI, 3.29–7.56), respectively. Males in the child age group were associated with increased mortality, HR 2.04 (95% CI, 1.29–3.23) and HR 2.03 (95% CI, 1.28–3.21) under the time‐constant and time‐dependent models, respectively.ConclusionsEarly initiation of breastfeeding and breastfeeding throughout the post‐neonatal period is recommended. Outreach programmes that provide support and education for vulnerable families are also recommended.
Assessment of technical, economic, and allocative efficiencies of shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Duy Duong The , Nga Nguyen Hong , Berg Håkan , Da Chau Thi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study applied a stochastic frontier production model to analyze the technical (TE), allocative (AE), and economic (EE) efficiencies of intensive shrimp farming households, and to identify socioeconomic and shrimp farm‐specific factors (farm size, labor, feed, seed, chemicals/medicine) that influence the TE, AE, and EE of shrimp production in the Ca Mau, Ben Tre, Bac Lieu, and Tra Vinh provinces of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The AE was calculated based on TE and EE. The stochastic frontier production and cost function model were used to evaluate the EE and TE at the shrimp farming household level. The results showed that the mean TE, AE, and EE of shrimp farming systems were 75%, 68.5%, and 61.4%, respectively. Age, gender, education, experience, cooperatives, and technical training significantly impacted the efficiency of shrimp production. The results suggest that shrimp farmers can improve shrimp productivity and EE by decreasing feed cost (FEE) and medicine/chemical cost (MED) of farm inputs. The study showed that shrimp farmers who participated in training activities, cooperatives, or management boards of aquaculture associations were more technically efficient than other farmers. The findings of this study provide essential information about the TE, AE, and EE of shrimp production, which can help local policy makers and shrimp farmers in the region to make better decisions on how to improve the EE and sustainability of shrimp production in the future. There is a need for recommendations on how to improve policies, technical guidance, and training courses on feed management and feeding practices, water quality, and disease management, to help shrimp farmers in the coastal provinces of the Mekong Delta to improve their shrimp production efficiencies in the future.