bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of avoidable mortality to life expectancy inequalities in Wales: a decomposition by age and by cause between 2002 and 2020
Authors: Currie Jonny , Schilling Hayden T , Evans Lloyd , Boyce Tammy , Lester Nathan , Greene Giles , Little Kirsty , Humphreys Ciarán , Huws Dyfed , Yeoman Andrew , Lewis Sally , Paranjothy Shantini 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the contribution of avoidable mortality to life expectancy inequalities in Wales during 2002–2020.

Design
Observational study.

Setting
Wales, 2002–20, including early data from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We used routine statistics for 2002–2020 on population and deaths in Wales stratified by age, sex, deprivation quintile and cause of death. We estimated the contribution of avoidable causes of death and specific age-categories using the Arriaga decomposition method to highlight priorities for action.

Results
Life expectancy inequalities rose 2002–20 amongst both sexes, driven by serial decreases in life expectancy amongst the most deprived quintiles. The contributions of amenable and preventable mortality to life expectancy inequalities changed relatively little between 2002 and 2020, with larger rises in non-avoidable causes. Key avoidable mortality conditions driving the life expectancy gap in the most recent period of 2018–2020 for females were circulatory disease, cancers, respiratory disease and alcohol- and drug-related deaths, and also injuries for males.

Conclusions
Life expectancy inequalities widened during 2002–20, driven by deteriorating life expectancy in the most deprived quintiles. Sustained investment in prevention post-COVID-19 is needed to address growing health inequity in Wales; there remains a role for the National Health Service in ensuring equitable healthcare access to alongside wider policies that promote equity.
Measuring the effects of the social rural university campus
Authors: Benneworth Paul , Maxwell Kate , Charles David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There has been demand in many countries for the establishment of small campuses in more rural locations to spread the benefits of higher education both through the provision of university courses and through the positive economic spill-overs for these communities. Evaluations of the impacts of these universities according to current models show limited effects due to their small scale and specialization. Yet whilst there are clearly spill-over benefits from rural campuses into local communities, these are not only of the traditional (knowledge and economic) variety. Rather, regional campuses create social infrastructure that supports these places’ quality of life. This article seeks to develop a proposal for how such social impacts of regional campuses could be evaluated by creating a conceptual framework that articulates how university-region learning communities contribute to socio-economic development trajectories of rural regions. Our overarching hypothesis is that social rural campuses are places where local learning communities work with globally sourced knowledge to make it useful and usable in particular local contexts. Over time, these activities form the basis of regular contact networks, and the benefits they bring become woven into the provision of place-specific welfare services. As a result, the university’s contributions play a more structural role, and the students are involved in creating more lasting benefits by providing the interaction underpinning these structural collaborations. Our model is exemplified through an exploration of the context of the status of rural university campuses in Norway, and a case study of the Academy of Music, an outpost of the multi-campus University of Tromsø (UiT The Arctic University of Norway).
Factors affecting variability in free oxylipins in mammalian tissues
Authors: Aukema Harold M. , Ravandi Amir 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of the review
Along with the growing interest in oxylipins is an increasing awareness of multiple sources of variability in oxylipin data. This review summarizes recent findings that highlight the experimental and biological sources of variation in free oxylipins.

Recent findings
Experimental factors that affect oxylipin variability include different methods of euthanasia, postmortem changes, cell culture reagents, tissue processing conditions and timing, storage losses, freeze-thaw cycles, sample preparation techniques, ion suppression, matrix effects, use and availability of oxylipin standards, and postanalysis procedures. Biological factors include dietary lipids, fasting, supplemental selenium, vitamin A deficiency, dietary antioxidants and the microbiome. Overt, but also more subtle differences in health affect oxylipin levels, including during resolution of inflammation and long-term recovery from disease. Sex, genetic variation, exposure to air pollution and chemicals found in food packaging and household and personal care products, as well as many pharmaceuticals used to treat health conditions also affect oxylipin levels.

Summary
Experimental sources of oxylipin variability can be minimized with proper analytical procedures and protocol standardization. Fully characterizing study parameters will help delineate biological factors of variability, which are rich sources of information that can be used to probe oxylipin mechanisms of action and to investigate their roles in health.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Bacteremia with Splenic Abscesses: A Case Report
Authors: Zewude Rahel Tefera , Alem Zersenay , Stefanovic Aleksandra 
Published: November 2022

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a gram-negative bacillus from the family of Yersiniacae. Similar to the other member of the family, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis most commonly presents with enteric illness [1].
The sources of infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis include contaminated food such as dairy and vegetables or contaminated water [2]. Direct contact with animals including dogs, rodents, rabbits, farm animals or birds has also been described as other modes of acquisition [1,2]. Community outbreaks secondary to contaminated lettuce, carrots, and water have been reported in Finland, Japan, Russia and Canada [3,4].
Although it often presents as mild gastroenteritis, several other clinical manifestations have been reported with Y. pseudotuberculosis [1]. Pseudoappendicitis with mesenteric lymphadenitis is a well described phenomenon and many patients in the 20th century underwent appendectomies due to erroneous diagnosis after presenting with right lower quadrant abdominal pain [5]. Bacteremia is rare and when it occurs it has been associated with abscesses in spleen, liver, kidneys, lung with granulomatous appearance that mimics tuberculosis [5,6]. Although it is commonly a self-limiting illness in immunocompetent patients without liver disease, septicemia with Y. pseudotuberculosis is thought to carry a fatality rate that exceeds 75% without antibiotics [2].
Here we present a case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacteremia with splenic abscesses in a patient with previously undiagnosed liver cirrhosis.
Self-Supervised Pretraining Enables High-Performance Chest X-Ray Interpretation Across Clinical Distributions
Authors: Iyer Niveditha S. , Gulati Aditya , Banerjee Oishi , Logé Cécile , Farhat Maha , Saenz Agustina D. , Rajpurkar Pranav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChest X-rays (CXRs) are a rich source of information for physicians – essential for disease diagnosis and treatment selection. Recent deep learning models aim to alleviate strain on medical resources and improve patient care by automating the detection of diseases from CXRs. However, shortages of labeled CXRs can pose a serious challenge when training models. Currently, models are generally pretrained on ImageNet, but they often need to then be finetuned on hundreds of thousands of labeled CXRs to achieve high performance. Therefore, the current approach to model development is not viable on tasks with only a small amount of labeled data. An emerging method for reducing reliance on large amounts of labeled data is self-supervised learning (SSL), which uses unlabeled CXR datasets to automatically learn features that can be leveraged for downstream interpretation tasks. In this work, we investigated whether self-supervised pretraining methods could outperform traditional ImageNet pretraining for chest X-ray interpretation. We found that SSL-pretrained models outperformed ImageNet-pretrained models on thirteen different datasets representing high diversity in geographies, clinical settings, and prediction tasks. We thus show that SSL on unlabeled CXR data is a promising pretraining approach for a wide variety of CXR interpretation tasks, enabling a shift away from costly labeled datasets.
Statistical Inference of Enhancer-Gene Networks Reveals Pivotal Role of T-bet Expression Intensity for T Helper Cell Fate
Authors: Kommer Christoph , Zhang Qin , Hegazy Ahmed N. , Löhning Max , Höfer Thomas 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYMammalian genomes harbor many more enhancers than genes, which greatly complicates the elucidation of cell-state-specific regulatory networks. Here, we developed a computational framework for learning enhancer-based gene networks from joint data on enhancer activity and transcript abundance. Dissecting the developmental plasticity of T helper (Th) cells with this approach, we uncovered a highly connected enhancer-gene network that supports graded Th-cell differentiation states, rather than mutual exclusivity of type-1 and type-2 immunity. Machine learning identifies a small number of regulatory enhancer types as network hubs. Hub enhancers in Th1 cells integrate as inputs the expression level of the master-regulator transcription factor, T-bet, and STAT signals governed by the cytokine environment. The quantitative balance between cell-intrinsic T-bet, driving phenotypic stability, and environmental cues enabling plasticity explains the heterogeneous reprogramming capacities of individual Th1 cells differentiating during natural infectionsin vivo. Moreover, we provide a framework for elucidating genome-scale regulatory networks based on enhancer activity.
MAGE: Strain Level Profiling of Metagenome Samples
Authors: Walia Vidushi , Saipradeep V.G , Srinivasan Rajgopal , Sivadasan Naveen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetagenomic profiling from sequencing data aims to disentangle a microbial sample at lower ranks of taxonomy, such as species and strains. Deep taxonomic profiling involving accurate estimation of strain level abundances aids in precise quantification of the microbial composition, which plays a crucial role in various downstream analyses. Existing tools primarily focus on strain/subspecies identification and limit abundance estimation to the species level. Abundance quantification of the identified strains is challenging and remains largely unaddressed by the existing approaches. We propose a novel algorithm MAGE (Microbial Abundance GaugE), for accurately identifying constituent strains and quantifying strain level relative abundances. For accurate profiling, MAGE uses read mapping information and performs a novel local searchbased profiling guided by a constrained optimization based on maximum likelihood estimation. Unlike the existing approaches that often rely on strain-specific markers and homology information for deep profiling, MAGE works solely with read mapping information, which is the set of target strains from the reference collection for each mapped read. As part of MAGE, we provide an alignment-free and kmer-based read mapper that uses a compact and comprehensive index constructed using FM-index and R-index. We use a variety of evaluation metrics for validating abundances estimation quality. We performed several experiments using a variety of datasets, and MAGE exhibited superior performance compared to the existing tools on a wide range of performance metrics.
Digital audiovisual content in marketing and distributing cultural products during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece
Authors: Gryllakis Nikolaos , Matsiola Maria 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to reflect upon the use of digital audiovisual content for the marketing of cultural events in the relative organisations and foundations during the turbulent times of the COVID-19 pandemic by conveying experts' interviews. The main question that the study seeks to touch upon is whether the digital audiovisual techniques implemented by cultural foundations and festivals in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic were efficient in promoting artwork and stressing on social presence and whether their marketing and distributing processes of the artistic and cultural products manage to attract audience engagement and further enhance the foundations' brand. What the research seeks to examine is issues such as digital content creation, arts marketing, use of digital media and new technologies, brand identity and strategy building. Particular digital campaigns of foundations will be reviewed from a closer focus.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research is based on experts' interviews. The primary foundations that are in focus are the organisations of Thessaloniki International Film Festival (TIFF), Dimitria Festival in Thessaloniki, Greece and a major cultural foundation in Athens, Greece the Onassis Foundation.FindingsA proper combination of interesting audiovisual content and precise brand aspirations in terms of identity and vision are what will lead a foundation to the audience it desires. Adaptability is the element that defined the foundations in the turbulence of the times of a pandemic, and creativity is what made some foundations differentiate themselves from others. The digitization that the pandemic brought can be considered as a positive dimension as well, since foundations can combine digital and physical spectacles in the near future so that they can always be relevant.Research limitations/implicationsThis study identifies certain limitations that could be investigated by future research, the main one being the small number of the organisations and foundations under research and the limited number of interviewees. Furthermore, the fact that the research was performed in cultural institutions and that audiovisual features were integral in the artwork they serve could be considered as a limitation.Originality/valueThe originality of this research lies in the examination and registration of the implementation of innovative digital audiovisual techniques by cultural foundations in Greece to reach their audience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Business strategy, spiritual capital and environmental sustainability performance: mediating role of environmental management process
Authors: Tjahjadi Bambang , Soewarno Noorlailie , Karima Tsanya El , Sutarsa Annisa Ayu Putri 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of business strategy and spiritual capital on environmental sustainability performance. Furthermore, it investigates whether the influence is mediated by environmental management process.Design/methodology/approachThis study is designed as a quantitative research. A survey method is employed for collecting 454 data from the managers/owners of Indonesian manufacturing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to test the hypothesis. A mediation research approach is employed to describe the relationship between research variables.FindingsThe findings demonstrate the following important results. First, business strategy affects environmental sustainability performance. Second, spiritual capital affects environmental sustainability performance. Third, environmental management process fully mediates the effect of business strategy on environmental sustainability performance. Fourth, environmental management process partially mediates the effect of spiritual capital on environmental sustainability performance.Originality/valueThis study addresses the issue of previous research gaps. By employing a mediation research framework, this study argues that environmental management process has a mediating role in business strategy–environmental sustainability performance relationships. Furthermore, it addresses the lack of empirical studies regarding the effect of spiritual capital on environmental sustainability performance via environmental management process. Thus, this research emphasizes the role of management or business process in developing resource-based view (RBV), natural resource-based view (NRBV), sustainability theory and MSMEs' management practices.
Challenges, policy and politics in drug checking: reflections of the TEDItorial team
Authors: Van der Linden Nicolas , Koning Raoul Pieter Joost , van der Gouwe Daan , Ventura Mireia , Measham Fiona 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present some of the continued resistance and challenges faced by drug checking services (DCS) and review how the existing literature and the contributions to the special issue address them, with a view to making recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
The existing literature and the contributions to the special issue are reviewed.

Findings
Drug checking cannot be equated with quality control. With the appropriate equipment and chemistry staff, DCS can provide quantitative analysis and reliable results. When the product does not match expectations, service users discard the tested substance of concern. To more easily compare the results of different studies and better evaluate drug checking, standardisation of measures is desirable. Uptake of drug checking, notably in festivals, is low and depends in part on the capacity of DCS. Drug checking has added value in monitoring drug markets and is complementary with chemical (forensic) analysis.

Originality/value
This paper interrogates in a relatively comprehensive way the continued resistance to drug checking in light of theoretical and empirical research to derive recommendations that are specific to drug checking and that are addressed to health professionals, researchers and also to policymakers.
Bridging the gap between reflective learning and reflective practice through anticipatory reflection
Authors: Glaister Catherine , Gold Jeff 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse student perspectives on the contribution that teaching anticipatory reflection can make to the development of their reflective practice. The project explores lived student experiences of anticipatory reflection and the value students attribute to these in helping them bridge the transfer gap between reflective learning and reflective practice.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretivist approach is taken whereby student reflections on the students' experiences of practicing anticipatory reflection in a workshop setting were analysed using template analysis to understand the value attributed to these. Students were guided through a series of exercises including visualisation of future events and the nature of future practice as well as reflective writing.FindingsStudents identified multiple benefits of being taught and practising anticipatory reflection. Specifically, high levels of realism, personal relevance and engagement were reported, as well as increased confidence, self-efficacy and self-belief. In addition, the development of empathy and increases in self-awareness were common benefits of working through the process of anticipatory reflection.Originality/valueIn contrast to existing retrospective approaches, here the authors focus on the future, using anticipatory reflection to inform pedagogical approaches enabling students to experience anticipatory reflection in a classroom setting. The positive value attributed to experiencing anticipatory reflection suggests that the temporal focus in teaching reflection should evolve to incorporate prospective approaches which have a valuable role to play in bridging existing transfer gaps between reflective learning and practice.
Decision support system for the selection of students for Erasmus+ short-term mobility
Authors: Teixeira José , Alves Sandro , Mariz Pedro , Almeida Fernando 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe current student selection process for short-term mobility actions under the Erasmus + program (i.e. intensive programs and blended intensive programs) is based exclusively on the students' order of enrolment and their grades. This study offers an alternative approach using the analytic hierarchy process based on a four-layer model that collects information about the specificities of each project and the profile of the students and also promotes greater inclusion and homogenization of the project teams.Design/methodology/approachA decision support system was built by decomposing it into three stages: the predesign stage, in which the problem is characterized, and the user requirements are identified; the design stage, in which the models, the database and the interfaces are formulated; and the field stage, in which six test scenarios were built to validate the proposed solution.FindingsThe results show that this model can be applied with various selection criteria among students and consider both their hard and soft skills. It can also be applied to help build teams in which the students' knowledge is aligned with the technical skills required by the projects.Originality/valueThe proposed approach is innovative in that it responds to the emerging challenge of short-term European mobility programs that aim to involve students with multidisciplinary competencies. The solution considers both hard and soft skills in the selection of students, which allows changing the student selection paradigm and obtaining potentially more homogeneous multicultural teams with greater learning potential.
Examining technology improvement, procedural application and governance on the effectiveness zakat distribution
Authors: Syed Yusuf Sharifah Norzehan , Sanawi Nur Hanida , Ghani Erlane K. , Muhammad Rifqi , Daud Dalila , Kasim Eley Suzana 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the factors influencing the effectiveness of zakat distribution to university students. Specifically, it examines technology improvement, procedural application and governance on Sarawak university students’ zakat distribution effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used the questionnaire as a research instrument and divided it into five parts. Part A gathers demographic information of respondents. Part B measures the respondent’s opinion on current technology improvement. Part C measures university students’ opinion on zakat application procedures. Part D measures the governance concept of the zakat institution. Part E measures the effectiveness of zakat distribution.

Findings
This study found technology improvement and governance significantly influence the effectiveness of zakat distribution to university students. This study provides no significant influence of the procedural application on zakat distribution’s efficacy to university students.

Research limitations/implications
This study suggested that technology plays an essential role in zakat distribution effectiveness by providing faster data processing, easier retrieval of information and time reduction to complete a task. The enforcement of good governance by zakat institutions allows them to be competitive, meets the stakeholders’ demand and serves them better.

Practical implications
This study provides understanding to the zakat institutions in developing appropriate zakat distribution strategies and strengthening their management and governance system.

Originality/value
This paper integrates technology improvement, procedural application and governance in zakat distribution.