bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and experiences of young Black South African women with obesity from a low socioeconomic community after following a 12-week structured exercise intervention
Authors: Phiri Lindokuhle P. , Micklesfield Lisa K. , Mendham Amy E. , Goedecke Julia H. , de Villiers Anniza 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPrevious research has shown that Black South African (SA) women perceive a bigger body size to be acceptable and desirable, but nonetheless have shown interest in participating in community-based exercise programmes. This study aimed to investigate perceptions and experiences of participating in a 12-week exercise intervention designed to study the mechanisms of insulin sensitivity and secretion in young Black SA women with obesity.MethodsQualitative data was collected from young (23 ± 2.9 years) Black SA women (n = 17) residing in a low-income setting in Cape Town, who took part in a 12-week structured exercise intervention. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted 1–4 months after the completion of the intervention. These were all audio recorded and took between 45 and 60 min. The recordings were transcribed, translated and qualitative content analysis, entailing a systematic process of coding and identification of salient themes, was conducted using the ATLAS.ti software.ResultsSix broad themes were identified from participants' experiences and perceptions: motivational factors, acceptability of the programme, barriers, sustainability and influencing others, benefits of being physically active, definitions and perceptions of exercise. Anticipated weight loss and financial remuneration were identified as motivational factors for enrolment and retention in the exercise programme. Aspects of the training environment and feelings of wellness appeared in the acceptability, sustainability and benefits themes, whereas time scheduling and travel constraints were regarded as barriers. Exercise was perceived as the maintenance of a healthy body, and in some cases, only relevant for specific groups.ConclusionFinancial considerations played an important role in participants enrolling and staying in the 12-week exercise intervention. Participants liked many aspects of the intervention and identified physical and mental benefits that seemingly outweighed the barriers and disliked aspects of the programme. Optimizing the acceptability of exercise programmes and maximizing the opportunity for participants to experience improved mental well-being may contribute to attracting and retaining young Black SA women in exercise programmes.
Case Report: A case of cervical spinal epidural abscess combined with cervical paravertebral soft tissue abscess
Authors: Cao Jun , Fang Jincheng , Shao Xuefei , Shen Jun , Jiang Xiaochun 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSpinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare purulent infection of the central nervous system. Abscesses confined to the spinal canal can compress the spinal cord, causing nerve damage and even death in severe cases (1). Prompt diagnosis and treatment can relieve symptoms and prevent complications. To increase awareness of this rare disease, we report a case of a 58-year-old man with a cervical spinal epidural abscess combined with a soft tissue abscess in the neck and describe its clinical course, imaging feature, pathology, treatment, and patient prognosis.Case descriptionA 58-year-old male Chinese patient was admitted to our hospital because of neck pain for 2 months, which worsened for 4 days. On the third day of admission, the muscle strength of the limbs decreased, and MRI of the spinal cord showed abnormal signal shadows in the spinal canal at the C1-C7 level and in the surrounding soft tissue on the right side of spine, suggesting the possibility of inflammatory lesions with local abscess formation. We immediately performed decompression of the spinal canal on the patient and performed incision and drainage of the cervical abscess. During the operation, we found a large amount of pus in the epidural space of the spinal canal, and there was a fistula between the cervical abscess and the epidural abscess of the spinal canal. The patient underwent continuous drainage and anti-infective treatment with sensitive antibiotics after operation. No recurrence of the abscess was observed and the patient recovered well.ConclusionEarly diagnosis is the key to the treatment of SEA, so radiologists and neurosurgeons need to strengthen their understanding of this rare disease to avoid misdiagnosis. For SEA with definite diagnosis, decompression surgery should be performed in a timely manner when symptoms of nerve compression occur, continuous drainage should be performed after surgery, and sensitive antibiotics should be used for anti-infective treatment.
Central Adiposity Indicators Maintain a Stronger Association With the Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Tao , Wang Yawen , Gao Ningxin , Zhou Jie , Wang Yiying , Fu Chaowei , Xu Kelin 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:Studies have linked obesity to an increased risk of hypertension, but the optimal adiposity indicators to predict hypertension remains controversial. We comprehensively explored the correlation between body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), long-term weight and WC change, and hypertension in an adult population in Southwest China.Methods:We studied 9,280 participants from 48 townships of 12 districts with a follow-up of 10 years in the Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficients combined with Dunn and Clark’s z test and Zou’s confidence interval test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, disease history, and lipid information of participants.Results:Baseline central adiposity indicators (WC and WHtR) had closer associations with hypertension than BMI, and long-term WC change was more predictive of hypertension compared with weight change in the studied population.Conclusion:Central adiposity indicators maintain a stronger association with the risk of hypertension, hinting at the importance of WC management in the precaution of hypertension.
Automated Kidney and Liver Segmentation in MR Images in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Woznicki Piotr , Siedek Florian , van Gastel Maatje D.A. , dos Santos Daniel Pinto , Arjune Sita , Karner Larina A. , Meyer Franziska , Caldeira Liliana Lourenco , Persigehl Thorsten , Gansevoort Ron T. , Grundmann Franziska , Baessler Bettina , Müller Roman-Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

Key Points

We developed a model for automated kidney and liver volumetry in ADPKD to provide assistance with time-consuming volumetry.The model works in both coronal and axial planes and was tested in the real-life setting using large multicentric cohorts.The trained model is published along with the code to allow for further joint development and integration into commercial software packages.

Background
Imaging-based total kidney volume (TKV) and total liver volume (TLV) are major prognostic factors in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and end points for clinical trials. However, volumetry is time consuming and reader dependent in clinical practice. Our aim was to develop a fully automated method for joint kidney and liver segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate its performance in a multisequence, multicenter setting.

Methods
The convolutional neural network was trained on a large multicenter dataset consisting of 992 MRI scans of 327 patients. Manual segmentation delivered ground-truth labels. The model’s performance was evaluated in a separate test dataset of 93 patients (350 MRI scans) as well as a heterogeneous external dataset of 831 MRI scans from 323 patients.

Results
The segmentation model yielded excellent performance, achieving a median per study Dice coefficient of 0.92–0.97 for the kidneys and 0.96 for the liver. Automatically computed TKV correlated highly with manual measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.996–0.999) with low bias and high precision (−0.2%±4% for axial images and 0.5%±4% for coronal images). TLV estimation showed an ICC of 0.999 and bias/precision of −0.5%±3%. For the external dataset, the automated TKV demonstrated bias and precision of −1%±7%.

Conclusions
Our deep learning model enabled accurate segmentation of kidneys and liver and objective assessment of TKV and TLV. Importantly, this approach was validated with axial and coronal MRI scans from 40 different scanners, making implementation in clinical routine care feasible.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: The German ADPKD Tolvaptan Treatment Registry (AD[H]PKD), NCT02497521
Richard Taruskin: “My Best Efforts were When I Would Get the Worst Reception
Authors: Манулкина Ольга 
Published: October 2022

Вниманию читателей предлагается последнее интервью, данное Ричардом Тарускиным в России. Беседа с Ольгой Манулкиной состоялась в марте 2019 года в Репино. Темами разговора стали: изучение русской музыки на Западе, новые тенденции в музыковедении и музыкальной журналистике, критический (или скептический) подход к объекту исследования и к сложившимся в науке представлениям.
Readers are invited to the latest interview given by Richard Taruskin in Russia. The conversation with O'lga Manulkina took place in March 2019 in Repino. The topics of conversation were the study of Russian music in the West, new trends in musicology and music Journalism, a critical (or sceptical) approach to the object of research and to the ideas that have developed in science.
Prevalence And Intensity Of Ascaris lumbricoides Infection In Children Of Oemasi Village, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Bria Meliance , Yudhaswara Novian Agni , Susilawati Ni Made 
Published: October 2022

Worm infection is one of the health problems in all tropical, countries including Indonesia. The most frequent helminthiasis is the infection caused by the Soil Transmitted Helminth. Primary school-age children are an age group that is susceptible to helminthiasis. Worm infections can cause a serious impact if left untreated with no clean and healthy lifesthyle. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides in children of Oemasi village, Nekamese Subdistrict, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, followed by the characterization of subjects. The descriptive design with the cross- sectional study applied to this research. Research subjects were 112 children age 6-12 years old. The infection was diagnosed microscopically by the Katokatz method. Ascaris lumbricoides were the only species found infecting a total of 7 children (6.25%). The distribution of ascariasis was higher in females (4 or 57.1%) than in males (3 or 42.9%) with the intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infection was categorized as mild.
¿Eres visual, auditivo o kinestésico? Estilos de aprendizaje desde el modelo de la Programación Neurolingüística (PNL)
Authors: Romo Aliste María Eugenia , López Real Delfina , López Bravo Ilse 
Published: October 2022

El modelo de estilos de aprendizaje PNL considera que la vía de ingreso de información al cerebro resulta fundamental en las preferencias de quien aprende o enseña. En este contexto, se planteó:

Identificar estilos de aprendizaje, desde el modelo PNL, de los estudiantes promoción 2000, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, en los dos últimos años de la misma (2003-2004).
Comparar los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, del 4° (teórico práctico) y 5° nivel (práctica profesional).
Relacionar las metodologías educativas utilizadas en 4° nivel y los estilos de aprendizajes del grupo observado.

Existe predominancia del sistema de representación visual, en actividades teórico-prácticas, y durante la práctica profesional.Se requiere incentivar la práctica de metodologías educativas que tiendan a la utilización de los tres sistemas de representación, para potenciar los sub-utilizados y en consecuencia el aprendizaje sea claro, con mejores rendimientos, habilidades, conocimientos y nuevas actitudes frente al proceso de formación profesional, entre otras estrategias.
Profesión docente y estrés laboral: una aproximación a los conceptos de Estrés Laboral y Burnout
Authors: Ayuso Marente José Antonio 
Published: October 2022

l presente artículo es un intento de clarificación conceptual de los términos Estrés Laboral y Síndrome de Burnout (desgaste profesional o síndrome del “profesional quemado”). Este síndrome es un claro exponente de las fases avanzadas del estrés profesional.Las personas que se dedican a trabajar dentro de lo que se ha denominado “profesiones asistenciales”, es decir, de servicio público, como los profesionales de la “enseñanza” (profesorado de todos los niveles, monitores, animadores socioculturales, etc.), pueden encontrarse fuertemente afectadas por este síndrome y verse sometidas a un gran desgaste profesional.A nadie se le escapa que estas profesiones exigen entrega, implicación, ciertos niveles de idealismo y un indudable servicio a los demás y si todo esto se asienta sobre una personalidad “perfeccionista” con un alto grado de autoexigencia y con una gran tendencia a implicarse en el trabajo, podemos finalmente obtener un desequilibrio entre las expectativas individuales del profesional y la realidad del trabajo diario.Desde este trabajo pretendemos hacer una breve pero rigurosa revisión conceptual de ambos términos, no sólo desde las distintas definiciones aportadas por los autores y autoras más relevantes en este campo, sino también desde los enfoques psicosocial y clínico. Por último, nos centraremos en el síndrome de Burnout, deteniéndonos en las variables psicológicas que determinan dicho trastorno: cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal.
Etiquetamiento y exclusión. Paradigmas actuales dentro del campo de gestión del conocimiento
Authors: Szarazgat Diana 
Published: October 2022

Como reproductoras de lo social, las instituciones se configuran como campos de lucha, y cada uno dará cuenta de ello en sus propias prácticas, de manera funcional al conjunto de ideas que lo cohesiona.
Se sustenta así la concepción que afirma que el sujeto social intenta transformar su entorno (y en él se incluyen las instituciones) en función de sus necesidades y, en una relación dialéctica, es el contexto quien lo modifica y dota de identidad, condicionando su forma de percibir e interpretar la realidad.
De esta manera, la dinámica de los vínculos consolidados entre las instituciones y los sujetos institucionales, lleva implícita el sentido de pertenencia como factor condicionante y modelador de las identidades.
O direito à educação como direito público: implicações para o livro e a leitura
Authors: Werthein Jorge 
Published: October 2022

A educação básica obrigatória e gratuita constitui-se em direito universal, econômico e social reiterado pela Constituição brasileira e por diversos documentos internacionais, tais como a Declaração do Milênio da ONU e o Marco Ação de Dacar. Ela é também a base para a realização de outros direitos: saúde, liberdade, segurança, bem-estar econômico, participação social e política.
Se a educação é a base necessária à realização de outros direitos, o livro é condição imprescindível para que se efetive a educação. Contudo, se não existe educação sem livro, tampouco há livro sem educação. Em outras palavras, sem formar leitores em escala planetária, por meio da educação de qualidade para todos, a distância entre os que têm e os que não têm acesso a informações tende a aumentar.
Por isso, não é exagerado afirmar que a leitura é imprescindível no processo de produção do conhecimento e de formação de cidadãos capazes de compreender e atuar no mundo contemporâneo. Finalmente, a leitura - associada à escrita - é ferramenta indispensável para a efetiva participação social e econômica, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento humano e a redução da pobreza. Afinal, o acesso à informação depende da capacidade de decodificar e interpretar. Sem essas habilidades, o indivíduo não se insere plenamente no mundo do trabalho, nem na sociedade.
Single Carrier Modulation Resource Allocation for Massive MIMO with Virtual Antennas
Authors: Kenney Brent , Majid Arslan , Moradi Hussein , Farhang-Boroujeny Behrouz 
Published: October 2022

<p>Today's Massive MIMO cellular operation is dominated by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. One of the advantages of OFDM is the flexibility to carve up the available spectrum into resource blocks (RBs) that can operate adjacent to one another. Massive MIMO adds spatial multiplexing layers on top of the RBs, enabling the simultaneous operation of dozens of UEs. Cyclic prefixed single carrier modulation (CP-SCM) is an alternative to OFDM that also benefits from massive MIMO and is useful as an OFDM alternative in specific scenarios. However, until recently, no resource allocation method has been proposed for CP-SCM. In this paper, we present a CP-SCM resource allocation scheme using virtual antennas in a massive MIMO time domain duplexed scenario. By creating several virtual antennas for each physical antenna, the benefits of massive MIMO are achieved with a smaller physical antenna count. Resources are quantized into data streams, and each user can be assigned a variable number of simultaneous streams. This paper presents a detailed development and analysis of multi-stream processing (MSP) for both uplink detection and downlink precoding. We also introduce heterogeneous MSP, where CP-SCM and OFDM signals can be processed in the same MSP framework.</p>
Cybernetics Interfaces and Networks: intuitions as a toolbox
Authors: Moriondo Lorenzo 
Published: October 2022

<p> Human activities are progressively defined by interactions with products that embed increasingly higher levels of immaterial component (software, patents, design principles and patterns). After presenting the continuity between seminal concepts in Cybernetics, Information Theory, Network Analysis, AI practices on one side and cognitive behaviour, by leveraging a minimalist approach to cybernetic systems based on the concept of capacity of network, the text tries to establish the concept of interface to define logical rule-based automata that can be considered shareable instances of a self-modeling approach to consciousness. In first instance a rule-based descriptive construct for an 'economy of information exchange' between systems (or an 'economy of time'); and in second instance a rule-based construct for approaching the hard problem of consciousness in humans.<br>
These are critical waypoints in navigating fast-growing knowledge-intensive landscapes. This review into patterns of growing complexity is concluded with an hypothesis that aims to extend Ashby's definition of machine to include interfaces to enable self-modeling for possibly intelligent digital machines. From this collection of intuition, conclusion tries to define a clearer pathway to tackle the difficult problems of positioning biological and digital machines in the sentience-intelligence-consciousness spectrum. The final conjecture is that human-level (general) intelligence will be achievable only by machines with capabilities to adjust or control the growth-development of their programmatic interfaces. </p>
Using Deep Learning Models to Predict Prosthetic Ankle Torque
Authors: Prasanna Christopher , Realmuto Jonathan , Anderson Anthony , Rombokas Eric , Klute Glenn K. 
Published: October 2022

<p>Inverse dynamics from motion capture is the most common technique for acquiring biomechanical kinetic data. However, this method is time-intensive, limited to a gait laboratory setting, and requires a large array of reflective markers to be attached to the body. A practical alternative must be developed to provide biomechanical information to high-bandwidth prosthesis control systems to enable predictive controllers. In this study, we applied deep learning to build dynamical system models capable of accurately estimating and predicting prosthetic ankle torque from inverse dynamics using only six input signals. We performed a hyperparameter optimization protocol that automatically selected the model architectures and learning parameters that resulted in the most accurate predictions. We show that the trained deep neural networks predict ankle torques one sample into the future with an average RMSE of 0.04±0.02 Nm/kg, corresponding to 2.9±1.6% of the ankle torque’s dynamic range. Comparatively, a manually-derived analytical regression model predicted ankle torques with a RMSE of 0.35±0.53 Nm/kg, corresponding to 26.6±40.9% of the ankle torque’s dynamic range. In addition, the deep neural networks predicted ankle torque values half a gait cycle into the future with an average drop in performance of 1.7% of the ankle torque’s dynamic range. This application of deep learning provides an avenue towards the development of predictive control systems for powered limbs aimed at optimizing prosthetic ankle torque. </p>
Reliability Theory Reformulated Conditional Probability of Failure: A Corollary of the VRPD Theorem
Authors: Aristizabal Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

<p>The Conditional Probability of Failure (CPF) has been used in reliability theory for reparable units as for non-reparable units in the same way. However, they respond to different stochastic processes. This is why the Reliability Function is replaced by other distribution functions that better fit the events rate curve to obtain a better approximation of the desired estimation.</p>
<p>The Probability of Failure for non-reparable units is derived here through a proof based on a mental experiment for non-reparable units, avoiding assumptions on the distribution of the random variable, letting the experiment reveals the nature of the phenomenon under test. The proof leads to a Conditional Probability of Failure, presented after a detailed discussion where it is also proved that the hazard rate in the traditional CPF can’t be a constant. </p>