bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zwei Jahre Pilotphase Gemeindenotfallsanitäter in der Region Oldenburg (Niedersachsen)
Authors: Sommer Anja , Rehbock Cassandra , Seeger Insa , Klausen Andrea , Günther Ulf , Schröder Hanna , Neuerer Maresa , Beckers Stefan K. , Krafft Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Steigende Einsatzzahlen im Rettungsdienst, demografischer Wandel sowie Veränderungen bei der Morbidität und in den Strukturen der Akutversorgung erfordern eine Weiterentwicklung der Versorgungsoptionen an den Sektorengrenzen zwischen ambulanter und stationärer Versorgung. Zur Erprobung von Gemeindenotfallsanitätern (G-NFS) als eine unterstützende Ressource des Rettungsdienstes wird in der Region Oldenburg seit 2019 ein Modellprojekt mit wissenschaftlicher Begleitung durchgeführt.

Methodik
Im Rahmen einer Mixed-Methods-Studie wurden Fokusgruppeninterviews mit den vier regionalen G‑NFS-Gruppen (Stadt Oldenburg und die Kreise Vechta, Cloppenburg und Ammerland) durchgeführt. Die Interviews (Teilnahme ca. 56,7 % aller G‑NFS) wurden jeweils durch eine kurze anonyme Online-Umfrage (Teilnahme ca. 53,3 % aller G‑NFS) mit denselben Teilnehmern ergänzt. Interviews und Online-Befragung zielten auf die persönlichen Einsatzerfahrungen vor und während der Coronapandemie ab. Die Interviewergebnisse wurden anhand thematischen Codierens analysiert und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
An den Interviews und der anschließenden Umfrage nahmen 17 bzw. 16 G-NFS teil. Aus Sicht der G‑NFS ergänzt die Ressource das bisherige Reaktionsspektrum des Rettungsdienstes in Form von Rettungswagen (RTW) oder Krankentransportwagen (KTW) um eine sinnvolle und fachgerechte Komponente, die insbesondere zur erforderlichen Entlastung der Einsatzmittel der Notfallversorgung beiträgt. Die notwendige sektorenübergreifende Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Diensten verläuft in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen lokalen Gegebenheiten unterschiedlich, aber insgesamt zielgerichtet und effizient; Gleiches gilt für die Zusammenarbeit mit den zuständigen Rettungsleitstellen. G‑NFS wurden in den Hochphasen der Pandemie in die Triagierung von COVID-Verdachtsfällen einbezogen und haben zur dringend gebotenen Entlastung des Rettungssystems in der Region beigetragen.

Diskussion
Das G‑NFS-Konzept hat sich aus Sicht der Mitarbeiter in der bisherigen Projektlaufzeit bewährt. Die vorliegenden Erfahrungen bieten eine gute Grundlage für die konzeptionelle Weiterentwicklung des G‑NFS.
FreesoundVR: soundscape composition in virtual reality using online sound repositories
Authors: Turchet Luca , Carraro Marco , Tomasetti Matteo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe intersection between sound and music computing and Virtual Reality (VR) has grown significantly over the past decades, amounting to an established area of research today. However, still scarce research has been conducted on the development of specific tools for sound design and composition. In this paper, we investigate a new way of exploring online sound repositories to retrieve sounds to be used in soundscape composition, which leverages the VR medium. Specifically, we created a VR system that allows users to search, download, and explore Freesound content in an immersive manner, as well as to use it for soundscape composition practices via a virtual digital audio workstation (DAW). The tags associated to a sound in the repository were converted into virtual objects and environments, which the user could navigate while listening to the sound. We conducted a user study with 16 composers where the developed system was compared against a conventional counterpart comprising the Freesound web version and the Audacity DAW. Overall, quantitative and qualitative results did not indicate a clear and generalized preference for a system over the other. The usability of the two systems along with their offered creativity support, cognitive workload and emotional impact were deemed to be at a comparable level. Nevertheless, the full potential of VR in creating novel compositional experiences also clearly emerged. Our study shows that VR is an effective medium to support users’ creativity during the process of exploring and selecting sounds from an online repository as well as for composing a soundscape.
Integrating Gender-Based Violence Screening and Support into the Research Clinic Setting: Experiences from an HIV Prevention Open-Label Extension Trial in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Garcia Morgan , Roberts Sarah T. , Mayo Ashley J. , Scheckter Rachel , Mansoor Leila E. , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Reddy Krishnaveni , Naidoo Yuthika , Akello Carolyne Agwau , Gaffoor Zakir , Siva Samantha , Rushwaya Chenai , Hlahla Kudzai , Jambaya Jane , Makoni Rujeko , Kachale Evans , Ndovie Margret , Zuma Jabulisile , Montgomery Elizabeth T. ,   the MTN-025/HOPE study team
Published: September 2022

AbstractHIV and gender-based violence (GBV) are syndemic in sub-Saharan Africa and provision of support for participants who disclose GBV constitutes part of comprehensive care. Consequently, a process was undertaken to develop, implement, and evaluate standard operating procedures (SOPs) in MTN-025/HOPE, a study of the dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV prevention. The SOP was developed using needs assessment surveys in addition to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and other literature. Sites tailored and implemented the SOP through HOPE implementation. At study end, staff reported increased training 32/35 (91.43%); improved confidence (18/26; 69.23%); and improved vicarious trauma prevention onsite (17/28; 60.71%). Leadership reported increased staff competence in GBV response. Obstacles included limited referral organizations and time for follow-up, continued training needs, and cultural norms. Development and implementation of an SOP is a feasible strategy to build a GBV response to improve health systems and support sustained effective use of HIV prevention products.
A data-driven system for cooperative-bus route planning based on generative adversarial network and metric learning
Authors: Wang Jiguang , Zhang Yilun , Xing Xinjie , Zhan Yuanzhu , Chan Wai Kin Victor , Tiwari Sunil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFaced with dynamic and increasingly diversified public transport requirements, bus operators are urged to propose operational innovations to sustain their competitiveness. In particular, ordinary bus operations are heavily constrained by well-established route options, and it is challenging to accommodate dynamic passenger flows effectively and with a good level of resource utilization performance. Inspired by the philosophy of sharing economy, many of the available transport resources on the road, such as minibuses and private vehicles, can offer opportunities for improvement if they can be effectively incorporated and exploited. In this regard, this paper proposes a metric learning-based prediction algorithm which can effectively capture the demand pattern and designs a route planning optimizer to help bus operators effectively deploy fixed routing and cooperative buses with traffic dynamics. Through extensive numerical studies, the performance of our proposed metric learning-based Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) prediction model outperforms existing ways. The effectiveness and robustness of the prediction-supported routing planner are well demonstrated for a real-time case. Further, managerial insights with regard to travel time, bus fleet size, and customer service levels are revealed by various sensitivity analysis.
Sensitivity to uncertainty and scalarization in robust multiobjective optimization: an overview with application to mean-variance portfolio optimization
Authors: Rocca Matteo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRobust optimization is proving to be a fruitful tool to study problems with uncertain data. In this paper we deal with the minmax aproach to robust multiobjective optimization. We survey the main features of this problem with particular reference to results concerning linear scalarization and sensitivity of optimal values with respect to changes in the uncertainty set. Furthermore we prove results concerning sensitivity of optimal solutions with respect to changes in the uncertainty set. Finally we apply the presented results to mean-variance portfolio optimization.
Evaluation of Neurofeedback Learning in Patients with ADHD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kuznetsova Elizaveta , Veilahti Antti Veikko Petteri , Akhundzadeh Ruhoollah , Radev Stefan , Konicar Lilian , Cowley Benjamin Ultan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNFB has a clear potential as a recognised treatment option for ADHD, but suffers from a lack of clarity about its efficacy, still unresolved after multiple controlled trials. Comparing learners and non-learners based on the evolution of patient-level indicators during the trial serves as a ‘natural’ control, and can help elucidate the mechanisms of NFB. We present a systematic review motivated by the need to establish the state of the art of patient learning during NFB treatment in current clinical literature. One particularly striking question we would like to answer here is whether existing NFB papers study learning variability, since only individual performance differences can give us information about mechanisms of learning. The results show that very few clinical trial reports have dealt with the heterogeneity of NFB learning, nor analysed whether NFB efficacy is dependent on NFB learning, even though NFB is believed to be a treatment based on learning to perform. In this systematic review we examine not only what has been reported, but also provide a critical analysis of possible flaws or gaps in existing studies, and discuss why no generalized conclusions about NFB efficacy have yet been made. Future research should focus on finding reliable ways of identifying the performers and studying participants’ individual learning trajectories as it might enhance prognosis and the allocation of clinical resources.
A review of molecular diagnoses of bacterial fish diseases
Authors: Abdelsalam Mohamed , Elgendy Mamdouh Y. , Elfadadny Medhat R. , Ali Sameh Samir , Sherif Ahmed H. , Abolghait Said Kamal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Egypt is the world’s ninth-largest fish producer with a total production of 1.5 billion tons per year, and farmed fishes comprise almost 79.6% of the total production. Massive mortalities in market-sized farmed fish (freshwater and marine species) were documented all over fish farms in Egypt leading to serious economic losses. The poor biosecurity practices and awareness among smallholder fish farmers accompanied with a long period of temperature fluctuation may predispose farmed fish to be simultaneously coinfected with multiple pathogens. Moribund fishes usually exhibited various septicemic clinical signs and post-mortem lesions indicating that one or more septicemic bacterial pathogens were involved in these outbreak reports. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogens in the asymptomatic fish population is important for preventing the occurrence of infectious diseases and protecting consumers from seafood-borne illnesses. Molecular techniques provide sensitive, quick, and accurate data for identifying specific pathogens without the need for time-consuming traditional techniques. In addition, the development of cost-effective molecular techniques facilitates their wide implementation in routine clinical diagnostic approaches. Molecular diagnostic methods are useful for simultaneously identifying multiple bacterial pathogens that were challenging to recognize by commercial biochemical techniques. Genetic testing procedures could determine the genetic diversity between closely related strains at the subspecies level. Consequently, these techniques are required for the development of detecting methods for specific strains and for epidemiological investigations in bacterial diseases. This review documented a variety of molecular techniques, including amplification of nucleic acids, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), DNA microarrays, and nucleotide sequencing assays, that are commonly used to identify fish pathogens.
Extended in vitro storage of eggs and milt increases maternal but not paternal variation in embryo viability of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago)
Authors: Janhunen Matti , Turkka Juha-Pekka , Kekäläinen Jukka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAppropriate fertilization practices play a crucial role in the maintenance of genetic diversity within captive fish broodstocks. We assessed the influence of in vitro storage of gametes (0-, 7- and 14-days post-stripping) at 1 °C on ovarian fluid pH, sperm motility, and embryo viability in the critically endangered Finnish landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago) population. A repeated full-factorial design used in both sperm-ovarian fluid activation analyses and fertilizations allowed us to separate the effects of female, male and their interaction on gamete quality and embryo survival across storage times. The ovarian fluid pH decreased most significantly during the first week of storage and showed considerable variation among females. The decrease of sperm motility varied across males, females and male–female (sperm-ovarian fluid) combinations. The mean proportion of viable embryos was initially 96.4%, but dropped to 45.5% after 7 days, and to 13.1% after 14 days of gamete storage. Embryo viability responses to gamete storage time predominantly increased among- and within-female variation but also showed major differences between female × male combinations (non-additive genetic effects). Interestingly, embryo viability showed virtually complete re-ranking (change of order) among full-sib families between the first two fertilization times (rs =  − 0.03) but consistency between the first and last times (rs = 0.59). Overall, our results indicate that even when the primary aim is to maximize the genetic diversity of endangered fish populations, it may be advisable to prioritize minimal egg storage time rather than maximizing the number of parental combinations in fertilizations.
ASAP: adaptive transmission scheme for online processing of event-based algorithms
Authors: Tapia R. , Martínez-de Dios J. R. , Gómez Eguíluz A. , Ollero A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Online event-based perception techniques on board robots navigating in complex, unstructured, and dynamic environments can suffer unpredictable changes in the incoming event rates and their processing times, which can cause computational overflow or loss of responsiveness. This paper presents ASAP: a novel event handling framework that dynamically adapts the transmission of events to the processing algorithm, keeping the system responsiveness and preventing overflows. ASAP is composed of two adaptive mechanisms. The first one prevents event processing overflows by discarding an adaptive percentage of the incoming events. The second mechanism dynamically adapts the size of the event packages to reduce the delay between event generation and processing. ASAP has guaranteed convergence and is flexible to the processing algorithm. It has been validated on board a quadrotor and an ornithopter robot in challenging conditions.

Graphic Abstract
Farmer adoption and intensity of use of extreme weather adaptation and mitigation strategies: evidence from a sample of Missouri farmers
Authors: Skevas Theodoros , Massey Ray , Grashuis Jasper 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change and its associated weather extremes pose a threat to agriculture. To slow down climate change and reduce its associated risks, governments around the world are currently developing policies to encourage farmers to engage in adaptation and mitigation efforts. The aim of this study is to assess the adoption and intensity of use of extreme weather adaptation and mitigation strategies among a sample of Missouri farmers and to identify the factors that influence adaptation and mitigation behavior. Of particular interest is the influence of the 2019 Missouri River flooding on adaptation and mitigation efforts. An econometric hurdle model that separates the decision on whether to adopt adaptation/mitigation strategies from the decision on how many strategies to employ was used to achieve the study’s purpose. Improving field drainage or soil water retention capacity for potential flooding was found to be by far the most used adaptation. The most used mitigations were increasing use of minimum tillage, managing fertilizer, and planting cover crops. Types of crops grown, farm income, and opinions on extreme weather events were the most important determinants of both adaptation and mitigation decision. Direct experience with the 2019 Missouri River floods is found to only influence adaptation decision. Adaptation and mitigation intensity were found to be strongly influenced by opinions on government support for adaptation and CRP involvement, respectively. Directions for policy and outreach that can promote adaptation and mitigation efforts among farmers are discussed.
Coastline matching via a graph-based approach
Authors: Panagiotakis Costas , Markaki Smaragda , Kokinou Eleni , Papadakis Harris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of unsupervised detection of geometrically similar fragments (segments) in curves, in the context of boundary matching. The goal is to determine all pairs of sub-curves that are geometrically similar, under local scale invariance. In particular, we aim to locate the existence of a similar section (independent of length and/or orientation) in the second curve, to a section of the first curve, as indicated by the user. The proposed approach is based on a suitable distance matrix of the two given curves. Additionally, a suitable objective function is proposed to capture the trade-off between the similarity of the common sub-sequences and their lengths. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize this objective function via an efficient graph-based approach that capitalizes on Dynamic Time Warping to compare the two subcurves. We apply the proposed technique in the context of geometric matching of coastline pairs. This application is crucial for investigating the forcing factors related to the coastline evolution. The proposed method was successfully applied to global coastline data, yielding a bipartite graph with analytical point-to-point correspondences.
Consumption Corridors and the Case of Meat
Authors: Kanerva M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConsumer policy must address the unsustainability of consumption which now threatens consumer safety in the form of the climate and ecological crises. Arguably, only strong sustainable consumption governance methods can bring about changes at the scale and speed required. This article discusses one emerging policy tool within strong governance, namely consumption corridors which could bring about absolute reductions in the negative impacts of consumption in a just manner and using deliberative democracy. Consumption corridors are applied in the context of the current meat system, a common driver for the twin crises, and an issue central to achieving the sustainable development, biodiversity, and Paris climate goals. The recently developed planetary health diet offers a useful plan for the transformation of global food systems, and could be combined with sustainable consumption corridors for meat. Systems thinking identifies change in societal paradigms as most effective. To support such change, this article suggests two metaphors as discourse tools, whereby individual and societal transformation in meat consumption occurs as a journey along a continuum of different meatways. The article also suggests specific actions for bringing about meat consumption corridors, and argues that this context could also serve as a bridge for increased societal acceptance of recomposed consumption.
Decision tree boosted varying coefficient models
Authors: Zhou Yichen , Hooker Giles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVarying coefficient models are a flexible extension of generic parametric models whose coefficients are functions of a set of effect-modifying covariates instead of fitted constants. They are capable of achieving higher model complexity while preserving the structure of the underlying parametric models, hence generating interpretable predictions. In this paper we study the use of gradient boosted decision trees as those coefficient-deciding functions in varying coefficient models with linearly structured outputs. In contrast to the traditional choices of splines or kernel smoothers, boosted trees are more flexible since they require no structural assumptions in the effect modifier space. We introduce our proposed method from the perspective of a localized version of gradient descent, prove its theoretical consistency under mild assumptions commonly adapted by decision tree research, and empirically demonstrate that the proposed tree boosted varying coefficient models achieve high performance qualified by their training speed, prediction accuracy and intelligibility as compared to several benchmark algorithms.
Biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluation of skin integration on titanium and PEEK implants with different surface treatments
Authors: Kjellin Per , Danielsson Karin , Håkansson Joakim , Agrenius Karin , Andersson Therese , Stenlund Patrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPercutaneous implants are frequently affected by bacterial growth at the skin-implant interface. Integration between implant and surrounding skin is important to prevent bacteria from spreading to the underlying tissue. The standard method to evaluate skin-implant integration is by histomorphometry on samples which have been placed in tissue grown in vivo or ex vivo. In this study, a biomechanical method was developed and evaluated. The integration of implants into porcine skin was studied in an ex vivo model, where pig skin samples were cultivated in a nutrient solution. Cylindrical shaped implants, consisting of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and titanium (Ti) with different surface treatments, were implanted in the skin tissue and the skin was grown in nutrient solution for 2 weeks. The implants were then extracted from the implantation site and the mechanical force during extraction was measured as a quantitative assessment of skin-implant integration. Implants from each group were also processed for histomorphometry and the degree of epidermal downgrowth (ED) and tissue to implant contact (TIC) was measured. A higher mean pullout force was observed for the PEEK implants compared to the Ti implants. Applying nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) on Ti and PEEK increased the pullout force compared to uncoated controls, 24% for machined and 70% for blasted Ti, and 51% for machined PEEK. Treatment of Ti and PEEK with nanosized zirconium phosphate (ZrP) did not increase the pullout force. The histomorphometry analysis showed correlation between ED and pullout force, where the pullout force was inversely proportional to ED. For TIC, no significant differences were observed between the groups of same material (i.e. Ti, Ti+HA, Ti+ZrP, and PEEK, PEEK + HA, PEEK + ZrP), but it was significantly higher for PEEK compared to Ti. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was done on samples before and after the pullout tests, showing that the ZrP coating was unaffected by the 2 week ex vivo implantation and pullout procedure, no dissolution or detachment of the coating was observed. For the HA coating, a loss of coating was seen on approximately 5% of the total surface area of the implant.