bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factores familiares que predisponen el embarazo adolescente en América Latina y El Caribe, 2009-2019.
Authors: Cuba Sancho Juana Matilde , Ochoa Camac Kimberly Ayyusa 
Published: February 2022

El embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, que requiere un abordaje integral y multidisciplinario de los factores que lo causan; sin embargo, el reconocimiento que se da a la familia frente a este problema aún es débil, a pesar del rol importante que cumple en esta etapa de vida. Objetivo: Analizar la información basada en evidencias acerca de los factores familiares que predisponen el embarazo adolescente en América Latina y el Caribe, que permitirá fortalecer el cuidado de enfermería al identificar oportunamente factores de riesgo y el diseño de estrategias que reduzcan el impacto. Método: Revisión sistemática realizada de Mayo a Octubre del 2020, utilizando los descriptores Decs y Mesh en la identificación de palabras clave, así como los operadores booleanos “AND” y “OR” para generar ecuaciones de búsqueda en las bases de datos SCIELO, LILLACS, PUBMED, ALICIA y el Repositorio Latinoamericano; siendo seleccionados 10 artículos y 5 tesis. Conclusiones: La importancia de considerar a la familia dentro del cuidado de la salud integral del adolescente, radica en fortalecer la identificación oportuna de riesgos para asegurar la continuidad de un desarrollo óptimo, al reconocer que existen factores familiares como la disfuncionalidad familiar, tener una familia desestructurada, el antecedente familiar y la falta o inadecuada educación sexual y reproductiva del adolescente, los cuales fueron identificados en el presente estudio y de mantenerse afectarán el futuro de estas adolescentes y de sus próximas generaciones.
Assessing the Secondary Stress in a Pipe System With Circumferential Surface Crack Using Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Uddin Mohammed , Kalyanam Sureshkumar , Wilkowski Gery , Brust Frederick , Martin John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In flaw evaluation criteria, the design limits for the secondary stresses are frequently different than the primary stresses. The evaluation procedure for primary stresses is load-controlled based which is independent of pipe deformation. The evaluation procedures for secondary stresses are displacement controlled which are dependent on pipe deformation. Certain stress components such as thermal expansion, thermal stripping, welding residual stress, misalignment/cold-springing, dynamic anchor motion are historically considered secondary stresses and their design limits are based on elastic stress analysis. In reality, there can be much more rotation/displacement of the pipe with nonlinear fracture behavior due to nonlinear material behavior and plasticity at the crack plane providing extra margins on the elastically calculated rotation values that come from uncracked-pipe design analyses. In assessing secondary stress margin, a secondary stress reduction factor is defined as the ratio of elastic-plastic moment to elastic moment. This is equivalent to another concept using a plastic reduction factor (PRF) as well as the inverse of structural (or safety) factor (SF) in ASME Section XI flaw evaluation criteria for various service levels. In this work, the secondary stress reduction factor was determined for a representative pipe system with multiple crack sizes, crack locations, and loading conditions. Nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses of a whole uncracked-pipe system were performed using abaqus® under various loading combinations to determine the critical locations for cracks in the pipe system. Next, FE analyses of the cracked-pipe system were carried out using cracked-pipe element—a methodology developed by the authors. Cracked-pipe system analyses were conducted for two loading conditions—one producing contained plasticity or single-hinge system and the other producing larger plasticity in the pipe system. Several analyses were conducted for each loading condition with a combination of two crack sizes at two key locations. Secondary stress reduction factors were then calculated for both loading conditions in the pipe system. Finally, the margin in secondary stress was assessed for the pipe system by comparing the secondary stress reduction factors with that for straight pipe sections (determined for experimental bend tests) as well as with the recommended equivalent PRF and the equivalent ASME secondary stress correction factors.
The Dose–Response of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength: A Randomized Interventional Trial
Authors: Behan Fearghal P. , Vermeulen Robin , Whiteley Rod , Timmins Ryan G. , Ruddy Joshua D. , Opar David A. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To examine the dose–response of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) on biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture and eccentric knee flexor strength. Design: Randomized interventional trial. Methods: Forty recreationally active males completed a 6-week NHE training program consisting of either intermittent low volumes (group 1; n = 10), low volumes (group 2; n = 10), initial high volumes followed by low volumes (group 3; n = 10), or progressively increasing volumes (group 4; n = 10). A 4-week detraining period followed each program. Muscle architecture was assessed weekly during training and after 2 and 4 weeks of detraining. Eccentric knee flexor strength was assessed preintervention and postintervention and after 2 and 4 weeks of detraining. Results: Following 6 weeks of training, BFlh fascicle length (FL) increased in group 3 (mean difference = 0.83 cm, d = 0.45, P = .027, +7%) and group 4 (mean difference = 1.48 cm, d = 0.94, P = .004, +14%). FL returned to baseline following detraining in groups 3 and 4. Strength increased in group 2 (mean difference = 53.6 N, d = 0.55, P = .002, +14%), group 3 (mean difference = 63.4 N, d = 0.72, P = .027, +17%), and group 4 (mean difference = 74.7, d = 0.83, P = .006, +19%) following training. Strength returned to baseline following detraining in groups 2 and 3 but not in group 4. Conclusions: Initial high volumes of the NHE followed by lower volumes, as well as progressively increasing volumes, can elicit increases in BFlh FL and eccentric knee flexor strength. Low volumes of the NHE were insufficient to increase FL, although as few as 48 repetitions in 6 weeks did increase strength.
Risk factors for the presence of important fractures in ED patients with shoulder dislocation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Delattre Sousa Salomé , Houze-Cerfon Charles Henri , Le Gourrierec Thibault , Charpentier Sandrine , Dubucs Xavier , Balen Frederic 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPrereduction shoulder X-rays are frequently done to rule out an important fracture that might preclude reduction of a shoulder dislocation in the ED. Our objective was to determine the risk factors for an important fracture in patients admitted to the ED with shoulder dislocation.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Toulouse University Hospital from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. All patients admitted to the ED with clinical presentation of shoulder dislocation were included. The primary end point was the presence of an important fracture (excluding Bankart and Hill-Sachs fractures). Logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for the presence of an important fracture.ResultsSix hundred and two patients were included in the study and 81 (13%) had an important fracture. Three risk factors were associated with important fracture: age over 40 years (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.7; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.8), first incident (aOR=4.3; 95% CI 1.7 to 10.8) and the circumstances in which the trauma occurred (fall from a height or direct impact, fall of over 1 m, road accident or epilepsy) (aOR=5.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 30). One hundred sixty-six patients (28%) had no risk factors in our cohort. In the absence of these risk factors, the risk of an important fracture was found to be 0.6% (95% CI 0 to 3.3).ConclusionWe describe 3 independent clinical risk factors associated with an important fracture in ED patients with shoulder dislocation: age >40 years, first incident and a traumatic circumstance. Prereduction radiography may be safely avoided when these factors are absent.
Comparative efficacy of anaesthetic methods for closed reduction of paediatric forearm fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Goh Amelia Xin Chun , Yeo Jun Wei , Gao Jocelyn Fangjiao , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Chong Shu-Ling , Siddiqui Fahad Javaid , Ho Andrew Fu Wah 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundForearm fractures in children often require closed reduction in the emergency setting. The choice of anaesthesia influences the degree of pain relief, which determines the success of reduction. Main methods of anaesthesia include procedural sedation and analgesia, haematoma block, intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) and regional nerve blocks. However, their comparative effectiveness is unclear. This study aims to synthesise peer-reviewed evidence and identify the most effective, in terms of pain reduction, and safest anaesthetic method.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 15 June 2021. Randomised controlled trials comparing anaesthetic methods for the closed reduction of paediatric forearm fractures in the emergency setting were included. Two reviewers independently screened, collected data and assessed the risk of bias for the selected outcomes. The primary outcome was pain during reduction. Secondary outcomes included pain after reduction, adverse effects, satisfaction, adequacy of sedation/anaesthesia, success of reduction and resource use.Results1288 records were screened and 9 trials, which studied 936 patients in total, were included. Four trials compared the main methods of anaesthesia. Within the same method of anaesthesia, one compared administrative routes, one compared procedural techniques, one compared different drugs, one compared the use of adjuncts and one compared different doses of the same drug. One study found better pain outcomes with infraclavicular blocks compared with procedural sedation and analgesia. Lidocaine was superior in analgesic effect to prilocaine in IVRA in one study. One study found lower pain scores with moderate-dose than low-dose lidocaine in IVRA.ConclusionFew randomised controlled trials compared anaesthetic methods in the closed reduction of paediatric forearm fractures. High heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Overall, current data are insufficient to guide the choice of anaesthetic method in emergency settings. More adequately powered trials, conducted using standardised methods, are required.
Volar Dislocation of Trapezoid with Coronal Fracture – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: DABAS Vineet , BHATIA Nishant , GUPTA Palash 
Published: February 2022

Volar dislocation of the trapezoid is a rare injury and is easily missed. It is more common to have a dorsal dislocation of trapezoid or multiple carpometacarpal joint dislocations. The rare nature of the injury also means that there is little guidance in literature regarding optimal treatment. We are reporting the presentation, management and a 3-year follow-up of this rare injury in a 19-year-old male. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Interaction between volcanic and non-volcanic systems and its implication for prospectivity in the Faroe–Shetland Basin, NE Atlantic continental margin
Authors: Ziska Heri , Árting Uni , Riishuus Morten S. 
Published: February 2022

Exploration in the Faroe–Shetland Basin on the Faroese Continental Shelf has revealed thick and complex volcanic successions and discovery of inter-volcanic oil-bearing siliciclastic sandstone fan deposits in the central parts of the basin. The possibility for such play types at the fringe of the North Atlantic Igneous Province requires a better understanding of the interaction between competing sedimentary and volcanic depositional transport systems. We have re-examined volcanic units in cuttings from exploration wells in the greater Judd Sub-basin area for evaluation of facies and geochemical affinity. This allows for chemostratigraphical correlation of wells to the absolute radiometrically age-constrained Faroe Islands Basalt Group. The collective well data were subsequently tied to a regional interpretation of 2D seismic data which facilitated a detailed interpretation of temporal development of the volcanic successions in the Judd Sub-basin area in terms of geometry, volcanic facies, depositional environment, and interdigitation with non-volcanic sedimentary units.
The Judd Sub-basin was influenced by major volcanic phases during pre-breakup and syn-breakup. The influence was both direct, in the form of volcanic deposits, and indirect, in the form of obstructing established sedimentary transport systems and creating new provenance areas. The volcanic transport systems reached different areas of the Judd Sub-basin at different times during pre-breakup volcanism. The earliest incursion in the west was during late Mid Paleocene (T-sequence T31/T32). With at least three stratigraphically discrete incursions of volcanic material into the Judd Sub-basin, possibilities arise for sub- and inter-volcanic stratigraphic and structural traps for each incursion.
Risk Factors and Nursing Countermeasures of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Children in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Chen Rong , Liu Yu , Zhang Xiaohong , Yang Qin , Wang Xiao 
Published: February 2022

Objective. This study discussed and analyzed the risk factors and nursing countermeasures of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the children intensive care unit (ICU). Methods. In this study, 155 children with mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit from Oct. 2018 to Oct. 2020 were chosen as research objects. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of children and divided them into VAP groups and non-VAP groups according to the occurrence of VAP. Subsequently, we adopted a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model to analyze and clarify the risk factors of VAP and formulated the corresponding nursing countermeasures. Results. 49 cases of total research objects had occurred VAP, with an infection rate of 31.62%. The primary pathogenic bacteria were Gram-negative bacteria (43/70, 61.43%). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, the duration of mechanical ventilation, invasive procedures, and application of hormones and antacids are all independent risk factors for VAP in pediatric ICU. The VPA group had longer hospital stay than the non-VAP group, and the difference was statistically significant ((20.92 ± 4.16)d, (15.24 ± 3.77)d, t = 8.4383,

P

≤ 0.001). The hospitalization cost of the VPA group was substantially higher than that of the non-VAP Group ((45.8 ± 10.4) thousand Yuan, (33.2 ± 4.3) thousand Yuan, t = 10.6822,

P

≤ 0.001). Conclusion. Children admitted to the pediatric ICU have a high VAP incidence. The primary pathogenic bacteria are Gram-negative bacteria. As the occurrence of VAP is closely related to a variety of factors, we should take targeted nursing countermeasures to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and the frequency of invasive operations and use the hormone and antacids rationally to reduce the risk of VAP and improve the prognosis.
Dietary Inflammatory Index in relation to Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Motamedi Amir , Askari Mohammadreza , Mozaffari Hadis , Homayounfrar Reza , Nikparast Ali , Ghazi Maryam Lafzi , Nejad Maryam Mofidi , Alizadeh Shahab 
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims. Epidemiologic studies show a strong association between chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diet may also affect the risk of T2D by modulating inflammation. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relation of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of T2D. Methods. PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception to September 2020 to identify relevant studies. Relative risks, hazard ratios, or odds ratios (OR), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Results. A total of 48 different studies, with a total sample size of 1,687,424 participants, were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, no significant association was observed between DII and risk of T2D (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.15), with significant evidence for heterogeneity (I2 = 96.5%,

P

< 0.001); however, higher DII was identified as being significantly related to increased risk of T2D in high quality studies (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.17). In the stratified analysis by the dietary assessment tool, background disease, and sex of participants, DII showed no significant association with T2D. Conclusions. Higher DII might be associated with an increased risk of T2D. Additional well-designed studies are required to confirm this finding.
O Amante da China do Norte de Marguerite Duras: a música e sua significância
Authors: Kuntz Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2022

Marguerite Duras (1914-1996) é considerada, hoje, uma das mais importantes escritoras francesas da segunda metade do século XX. Descontente com a filmagem de O Amante por Jean-Jacques Annaud (1990), Duras retoma a história de sua adolescência e escreve O Amante da China do Norte (1991). Trata-se de um texto singular que pretende ser um roteiro de filmagem, mas definido pela própria autora como “romance”. Barthes (1982) reflete sobre a “escuta”, que define como algo que pode determinar, despertar no homem sentimentos prazerosos ou ameaçadores. Sabe-se que a música é sobretudo ambivalente e se assemelha a uma linguagem, podendo transmitir uma intenção (ADORNO). Considerando com Kristeva (1969) que a palavra literária é resultado de um “croisement de surfaces textuelles”, no presente trabalho será examinado o cruzamento entre a “escuta” das músicas mencionadas na obra por parte das personagens e do narrador e a palavra escrita, bem como seu significado, não só como pano de fundo do texto, mas como sua parte integrante e até como fio condutor da intriga do “texto-filme”.
Art and Class Struggle
Authors: Lezra Jacques , Durán José María , Baumbach Nico , Marsh Steven , Toscano Alberto , Vishmidt Marina , Yue Genevieve 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
What do we need to know about “art” or “class struggle” before considering their relation to one another? Could you describe a specific work or text that might serve as an illustration of class struggle or as an exploration of the problem of representing it? Let us say that visual art, broadly speaking, does express the worldview of the dominant class. What kind of art then expresses the worldview of, say, hedge fund managers? Does the dialectic of the visible and invisible still hold for conceptual and post-conceptual art? What alternative critical apparatus would you propose, since neither Lenin nor John William Cooke seemed to care much for art. Why should we?
Art under Neoliberalism
Authors: Appadurai Arjun , Bockman Johanna , Heinich Nathalie , Konings Martijn , La Berge Leigh Claire , Lovink Geert , Prado Ignacio M. Sánchez , Thayer Willy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Apart from the longstanding and much-debated problem of art's commodification, how does neoliberalism transform and determine the conditions of artistic practice? Further, if neoliberalism is a substantially distinct stage in the history of capitalism, and not merely its intensification, what are the implications of this new condition for the practice and criticism of contemporary art? What does it mean to practice and theorize art, to be an artist or critic, under neoliberalism? Drawing on the central topic of this issue, is aesthetic, artistic, or political radicality in art still possible under the neoliberal condition? Can, or should, artistic practice constitute a significant site of resistance? Conversely, is the contemporary art world a paradigmatic case of, and even a model for, neoliberal capitalism?
Contextualization and the ‘Death and Resurrection’ Pattern
Authors: Kramer E.J. David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Grasping contextualization through the New Testament pattern of ‘death and resurrection’, invigorates the conversation between missiology and systematic theology and affords numerous conceptual benefits. By employing N.T. Wright’s rendition of the Apostle Paul’s life-transformation as ‘dying and rising with Christ’, a pattern suggests itself that accounts for both continuity and discontinuity between Paul’s former life and his life ‘in Christ’. When this pattern informs theological reflection on contextualization, its shape and significance can be better appreciated and named. This is demonstrated with reference to three systematic loci. First, Christology: the widespread incarnational model for understanding contextualization is expanded to include Christ’s death and resurrection. Second, soteriology: the death and resurrection pattern llumines conversion as both a point and a process. Third, eschatology: this same pattern sheds light on contextualization’s final significance for humanity’s life in the new creation.
Constitutional Courts in the Arab World and Freedom of Expression: A Defender or Suppressor
Authors: AlZumai Fahad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the role of constitutional courts in the Arab world in relation to freedom of expression. The role of constitutional courts as gatekeepers of constitutional rights in the Arab world has neither been fully assessed nor analyzed. This paper will analyze and review the decisions issued by constitutional courts in the Arab world with an emphasis on constitutional courts in Egypt, Kuwait, Tunisia, and Morocco. Some of these courts have been active in their roles as gatekeepers and have issued relatively progressive decisions in the area of freedom of expression. However, these successes in protecting this constitutional right have been the exception rather than the rule, and hence, this paper will try to examine the reasons behind the failure of these courts in safeguarding this right. The paper will also explore the jurisprudence as to the understanding of the legal boundaries of freedom of expression, as all of the countries in the Arab world follow civil legal systems, and hence, jurisprudence plays a major role in how the courts interpret these rights.