bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term effects of therapeutic hypothermia following hypoxia–ischemia in neonatal male and female rats
Authors: Zang Janaína , Colucci Anna Clara Machado , Tassinari Isadora D'Ávila , Nunes Ricardo Ribeiro , Andrade Mirella Kielek Galvan , Spies Francielle Fernandes , de Oliveira Maikel Rosa , Durán‐Carabali Luz Elena , Rigon Paula , Netto Carlos Alexandre , Paz Ana Helena , de Fraga Luciano Stürmer 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNowadays, the only treatment for human babies suffering from hypoxia–ischemia (HI) is therapeutic hypothermia (TH). However, a better understanding of the specific effects of TH in males and females is important to improve its clinical application. The present study evaluated the short‐term effects of TH on the brain injury and behavioral outcomes in male and female neonatal rats submitted to neonatal HI. Seven‐day‐old Wistar rats underwent a surgery for unilateral occlusion of the right common carotid artery and were exposed to a hypoxic atmosphere (8% oxygen) for 75 min. Then, the animals in the TH group were submitted to TH (scalp temperature of 32°C) for 5 h. In the behavioral tests, no remarkable differences triggered by HI or TH were observed relative to SHAM animals. Only females of the HI group presented lower latency to complete the righting reflex test. TH reduced the volume of brain injury in males, but not in females. The animals of the HI group showed a reduction in the number of neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus and TH partially prevented neuronal death. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, animals from the HI group showed more degenerating cells relative to the SHAM, which was reversed by TH. In the DG, animals from the HI group showed an increase in the number of degenerating neurons, which was partially reversed by TH only in males. Our data show that HI leads to a brain injury, which was attenuated by TH in a sex‐dependent way and clarify the importance of the assessment of males and females in order to outline specific strategies for the treatment of each sex in newborns suffering from HI.
Meet changes with constancy: Defence, antagonism, recovery, and immunity roles of extracellular vesicles in confronting SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Chen Xiaohang , Li Huifei , Song Haoyue , Wang Jie , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Han Pengcheng , Wang Xing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has wrought havoc on the world economy and people's daily lives. The inability to comprehensively control COVID‐19 is due to the difficulty of early and timely diagnosis, the lack of effective therapeutic drugs, and the limited effectiveness of vaccines. The body contains billions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have shown remarkable potential in disease diagnosis, drug development, and vaccine carriers. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that EVs may participate or assist the body in defence, antagonism, recovery and acquired immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2. On the one hand, intercepting and decrypting the general intelligence carried in circulating EVs from COVID‐19 patients will provide an important hint for diagnosis and treatment; on the other hand, engineered EVs modified by gene editing in the laboratory will amplify the effectiveness of inhibiting infection, replication and destruction of ever‐mutating SARS‐CoV‐2, facilitating tissue repair and making a better vaccine. To comprehensively understand the interaction between EVs and SARS‐CoV‐2, providing new insights to overcome some difficulties in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of COVID‐19, we conducted a rounded review in this area. We also explain numerous critical challenges that these tactics face before they enter the clinic, and this work will provide previous ‘meet change with constancy’ lessons for responding to future similar public health disasters.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a ‘meet changes with constancy’ strategy to combat SARS‐CoV‐2 that spans defence, antagonism, recovery, and acquired immunity.
Targets for COVID‐19 diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of progression may be found by capture of the message decoding in circulating EVs.
Engineered and biomimetic EVs can boost effects of the natural EVs, especially anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2, targeted repair of damaged tissue, and improvement of vaccine efficacy.
Transactional sex among adolescent girls and young women enrolled in a cash plus intervention in rural Tanzania: a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Ranganathan Meghna , Quinones Sarah , Palermo Tia , Gilbert Ulrike , Kajula Lusajo ,   Tanzania Cash Plus Evaluation Team
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionTransactional sex or material exchange for sex is associated with HIV infection among adolescent girls and young women in sub‐Saharan Africa. The motivations for engaging in transactional sex vary from the fulfilment of basic needs, to enhancing social status or for romantic reasons with the expectation that men should provide. Transactional sex is also associated with HIV risk behaviours, such as multiple sexual partners and other determinants of HIV risk, including partner violence and abuse, alcohol consumption and inconsistent condom use.MethodsWe use data from a mixed‐method, cluster randomised controlled trial of the Ujana Salama cash “plus” intervention in rural Tanzania. The data are from the first and third rounds of data collection (2017–2019). The impact evaluation consisted of a parallel mixed‐methods design where the quantitative and qualitative data collection occurred simultaneously, and integration of the findings was done during the discussion. We first examine contextual factors associated with transactional sex using multivariable logistic regression models and then estimate whether the “plus” intervention reduced transactional sex among adolescent girls and young women using analysis of covariance. We used thematic content analysis for analysing qualitative transcripts.ResultsThe prevalence of transactional sex among unmarried adolescent girls and young women at round 3 was 26%. Findings show that increasing age is a risk factor for transactional sex (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: [1.50, 2.17]), staying in school was negatively associated with engagement in transactional sex (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: [0.14, 0.40]). The cash plus intervention showed no impacts on reducing transactional sex (β = 0.003, p = 0.905).ConclusionsThe mechanisms of impact for a cash plus intervention on transactional sex are complex; economic insecurity is an important driver of transactional sex and HIV infection, but psychosocial factors and gendered social norms need consideration in intervention development. Our findings suggest that combination prevention interventions to address the structural drivers of HIV infection should focus on efforts to increase school enrolment and completion.
Critically analyzing the field of neuroscience and its therapeutic application with Black populations
Authors: Burt Isaac , Pankey Brianna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the recent proliferation of neuroscience‐backed literature in counseling, the lack of connection to multiculturalism is disquieting. The critique is that there is a dearth on the application of neuroscience with clients of color, specifically Black populations. This article provides a critique of neuroscience and its implications and applicability for Black populations. The rationale for the specificity was to give counselors a concrete method to apply with an underserved populace, coupled with specific clinical considerations/guidelines.
A comprehensive single cell data analysis of lymphoblastoid cells reveals the role of super‐enhancers in maintaining EBV latency
Authors: Yan Bingyu , Wang Chong , Chakravorty Srishti , Zhang Zonghao , Kadadi Simran D. , Zhuang Yuxin , Sirit Isabella , Hu Yonghua , Jung Minwoo , Sahoo Subhransu S. , Wang Luopin , Shao Kunming , Anderson Nicole L. , Trujillo‐Ochoa Jorge L. , Briggs Scott D. , Liu Xing , Olson Matthew R. , Afzali Behdad , Zhao Bo , Kazemian Majid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe probed the lifecycle of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) on a cell‐by‐cell basis using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data from nine publicly available lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). While the majority of LCLs comprised cells containing EBV in the latent phase, two other clusters of cells were clearly evident and were distinguished by distinct expression of host and viral genes. Notably, both were high expressors of EBV LMP1/BNLF2 and BZLF1 compared to another cluster that expressed neither gene. The two novel clusters differed from each other in their expression of EBV lytic genes, including glycoprotein gene GP350. The first cluster, comprising GP350–LMP1hi cells, expressed high levels of HIF1A and was transcriptionally regulated by HIF1‐α. Treatment of LCLs with Pevonedistat, a drug that enhances HIF1‐α signaling, markedly induced this cluster. The second cluster, containing GP350+LMP1hi cells, expressed EBV lytic genes. Host genes that are controlled by super‐enhancers (SEs), such as transcription factors MYC and IRF4, had the lowest expression in this cluster. Functionally, the expression of genes regulated by MYC and IRF4 in GP350+LMP1hi cells were lower compared to other cells. Indeed, induction of EBV lytic reactivation in EBV+ AKATA reduced the expression of these SE‐regulated genes. Furthermore, CRISPR‐mediated perturbation of the MYC or IRF4 SEs in LCLs induced the lytic EBV gene expression, suggesting that host SEs and/or SE target genes are required for maintenance of EBV latency. Collectively, our study revealed EBV‐associated heterogeneity among LCLs that may have functional consequence on host and viral biology.
Optimizing the synthesis of interleukin‐12‐loaded PLGA nanospheres (rmIL‐12ns) via ultrasonication for treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma
Authors: Lacinski Ryan A. , Markel Justin E. , Pratt Hillary G. , Reinbeau Ryan M. , Stewart Amanda , Santiago Stell P. , Lindsey Brock A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClinical trials exploring bolus intravenous delivery of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) for treatment of solid tumors ultimately failed due to lack of clinical response and severe dose‐limiting toxicities. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether recombinant murine IL‐12 (rmIL‐12) could be successfully encapsulated within Poly (D, l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanospheres (rmIL‐12ns) for safe and effective systemic delivery at pharmacologic scale. Optimal fabrication of rmIL‐12ns occurs with dichloromethane as the organic solvent and emulsion formation via ultrasonication at 50% power (250 W sonicator) for 10 s (50W10s). We then determined whether utilization of synthesis modifiers including fetal bovine serum (FBS), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2], trehalose, or the surfactants polysorbate 80 and Span 60 alone or in combination could increase the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and/or modify the burst elution profile characteristic of the 50W10s rmIL‐12ns formulation. The greatest EEs compared to the unmodified formulation were measured with modifications containing the surfactants polysorbate 80 and Span 60 (surfactant: 28.3 ± 6.10%, p = 0.29 and Surf/FBS: 85.4 ± 2.19%, p = 0.039). The Surf/FBS formulation was further modified for in vivo murine injection by substituting FBS with mouse serum albumin (MSA). The resulting Surf/MSA rmIL‐12ns were then characterized before delivery at three doses (0.1, 1, and 10 mg rmIL‐12ns) in our established murine model of metastatic osteosarcoma to assess efficacy. Preliminary results suggested no evidence of disease with delivery of the 0.1 mg dose in 75% of mice (3 of 4) versus a nontreated historical control (2 of 34).
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of tamarind xyloglucan: an effective approach to reduce the viscosity and improve the α‐amylase inhibition of xyloglucan
Authors: Jiang Xiujuan , Yang Tian , Li Yingting , Liu Shuyang , Liu Yuanyuan , Chen Daiwen , Qin Wen , Zhang Qing , Lin Derong , Liu Yuntao , Fang Zhengfeng , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater extraction (WE) is the classical extraction method for tamarind xyloglucan (XyG), but its low yield, high viscosity and poor dispersion in aqueous solution are not conducive to the industrial applications. To promote the industrial application of tamarind XyG, an ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) method for extracting low‐viscosity XyG from tamarind kernel powder was proposed.RESULTSThe yield of UAE‐XyG was higher (502.33 ± 0.036 g kg−1) than that of WE‐XyG (163.43 ± 0.085 g kg−1). UAE reduced the molecular weight, monosaccharide content and apparent viscosity of XyG. The hypoglycemic experiment in vitro showed that UAE‐XyG had a stronger inhibitory effect on α‐amylase activity than WE‐XyG, but its glucose dialysis retardation index was lower.CONCLUSIONIn sum, UAE is a type of extraction method that could effectively improve the yield of XyG and reduce its viscosity to expand its application without reducing its physiological activity. UAE exhibits an excellent potential in the extraction of XyG. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mapping land degradation and sand and dust generation hotspots by spatiotemporal data fusion analysis: A case‐study in the southern Gobi (Mongolia)
Authors: Kim Jungrack , Dorjsuren Munkhzul , Zucca Claudio , Purevjav Gomboluudev 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ongoing desertification and aeolian erosion processes in the southern Gobi Desert are ranked as one of the most significant global environmental disasters. In this study, we analyzed the decadal progress of eolian erosion in the southern Gobi Desert and traced key factors controlling intensified land degradation (LD) and sand and dust (SD) generation employing satellite data and climatic variables. Columnar dust mass density from climatic data re‐analyses as a major SD tracer was combined with the Mann–Kendall (MK) method and the empirical orthogonal function processor. Validation was performed by using ground data sets and field evidence from reference locations. The results revealed that (1) LD/SD patterns and hotspots in the Gobi Desert are significantly controlled by the distribution and trend of precipitation; (2) climatic conditions in the Mongolian Gobi Desert have shifted towards an unfavourable direction with respect to the LD/SD occurrence; (3) surface conditions in southeastern Mongolia have somehow decoupled from the weather factors and the transition zone between the desert and the vegetated terrain has gradually expanded probably due to anthropogenic activities. The correlation analyses between all candidate driving factors of LD/SD indicated that a major control mechanism of spatiotemporal migration of LD/SD in the southern Gobi Desert is the change in precipitation, whereas anthropogenic activity holds a secondary control. The results obtained can be used to prioritize intervention zones in the frame of land use planning processes aimed at adapting to climate change and mitigating LD and SD generation in source areas.
Long‐term changes in dissolved inorganic carbon across boreal streams caused by altered hydrology
Authors: Rehn Lukas , Sponseller Ryan A. , Laudon Hjalmar , Wallin Marcus B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA major challenge for predicting future landscape carbon (C) balances is to understand how environmental changes affect the transfer of C from soils to surface waters. Here, we evaluated 14 yr (2006–2019) of stream dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and export data for 14 nested boreal catchments that are subject to climatic changes, and compared long‐term patterns in DIC with patterns in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Few streams displayed significant concentration or export trends in DIC at annual time scales. However, most streams showed decreasing DIC concentrations during spring flood over this 14‐yr period, and about half showed declines during summer. Although annual runoff has generally not changed during this period, an intra‐annual redistribution in runoff, with increases in spring flood discharge, explained much of the seasonal changes in DIC concentration. We observed negative DIC–discharge relationships in most streams, suggesting source limitation of DIC, whereas DOC mostly showed chemostatic behavior. The different trends and patterns observed for DIC vs. DOC underpin intra‐annual changes in the composition of the total C pool (i.e., the DIC/DOC ratio) and reflect fundamental differences in how these C forms are produced, stored in riparian soils, and mobilized by hydrological events. Collectively, our results highlight the sensitivity of riverine DIC to the intra‐annual distribution of runoff, but also important heterogeneity across the network that suggests local processes can also modify the mobilization of DIC in boreal landscapes.
Effect of copper nanoparticle concentration on tribological performances of cylinder liner piston ring
Authors: Yin Huabing , Zhang Xuecheng , Guo Zhiwei , Liu Zhongzhi , Rao Xiang , Yuan Chengqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe performance of cylinder liner piston ring (CLPR) that worked under harsh conditions significantly affected the reliability of diesel engines. Nano‐copper lubricant additives have recently been introduced due to their good anti‐wear properties. This study aims to gain insights into the interactions between concentrations of nano‐copper lubricant additives and the tribological performance of CLPR. Tests are performed on a reciprocating sliding test rig under different operating conditions, and the tribological performances are characterized by the friction coefficient, wear mass losses, and morphologies of worn surface. The experimental results indicated that the optimal concentration of nano‐copper additives is 2 wt%. Additionally, deposition of the Cu nanoparticles on the worn surface during the friction process facilitates the formation of the mending layer. These findings would aid to provide a technical reference for the application of nano‐copper additives in diesel engines.
Bearing capacity factors of cone‐shaped footing in meshfree
Authors: Phuor Ty , Ganz Avshalom , Trapper Pavel A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnlike the flat base foundations, the determination of the bearing resistance of the cone‐shaped footing in finite element analysis (FEA) might not be carried out without considering the interface model. In addition, the simulations of the FEA is hardly achieved with a large system due to the assembly technique. So, the alternative should be considered. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for computing the , and factors of the bearing capacity of the rough and smooth cone‐shaped foundations by combining the skew boundary condition as the interface model incorporated with the viscoplastic strain method‐based meshfree obeying the yield equation of the Mohr‐Coulomb (MC). Thus, the factors can be determined exclusively and reported to reach a close agreement with the published data; nevertheless, the discrepancies are also provided. The plastic flow of the soil mechanics is discussed thoroughly. In addition, the effects of soil friction angle (ϕ) and cone‐shaped angle (β) on the factors are inspected systematically. Accordingly, the conservation of the Terzaghi's superposition assumption is confirmed, and the bearing capacity factor charts can be established for various combinations of 5o – 45o and 30o – 180o. Therefore, it may conclude that the results produced by these techniques and the techniques themselves may be applied confidently for solving geotechnical problems, especially for computing the bearing resistance of the soil.
Integrating multimodality magnetic resonance imaging to the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework
Authors: Wang Nian , Maharjan Surendra , Tsai Andy P. , Lin Peter B. , Qi Yi , Wallace Abigail , Jewett Megan , Liu Fang , Landreth Gary E. , Oblak Adrian L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affords unique image contrasts to nondestructively probe the tissue microstructure; validation of MRI findings with conventional histology is essential to better understand the MRI contrasts. However, the dramatic difference in the spatial resolution and image contrast of these two techniques impedes accurate comparison between MRI metrics and traditional histology. To better validate various MRI metrics, we acquired whole mouse brain multigradient recalled‐echo and multishell diffusion MRI datasets at 25‐μm isotropic resolution. The recently developed Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework (CCFv3) provides opportunities to integrate multimodal and multiscale datasets of the whole mouse brain in a common three‐dimensional (3D) space. The T2*, quantitative susceptibility mapping, diffusion tensor imaging, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging parameters were compared with both serial two‐photon tomography images and 3D Nissl staining images in the CCFv3 at the same spatial resolution. The correlation between MRI and Nissl staining strongly depends on different metrics and different regions of the brain. Integrating different imaging modalities to the same space may substantially improve our understanding of the complexity of the brain at different scales.
Patients', relatives' and nurses' experiences of palliative care on an advanced care ward in a nursing home setting in Norway
Authors: Mæhre Kjersti Sunde , Bergdahl Elisabeth , Hemberg Jessica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatient or Public ContributionPatients, relatives and nurses were involved in this study.AimThe aim was to explore patients', relatives' and nurses' experiences of palliative care on an advanced care ward in a nursing home setting after implementation of the Coordination Reform in Norway.DesignSecondary analysis of qualitative interviews.MethodsData from interviews with 19 participants in a nursing home setting: severely ill older patients in palliative care, relatives and nurses. Data triangulation influenced by Miles and Huberman was used.ResultsThe overall theme was “Being in an unfamiliar and uncaring culture leaves end‐of‐life patients in desperate need of holistic, person‐centred and co‐creative care”. The main themes were: “Desire for engaging palliative care in a hopeless and lonely situation”, “Patients seeking understanding of end‐of‐life care in an unfamiliar setting” and “Absence of sufficient palliative care and competence creates insecurity”. The patients and relatives included in this study experienced an uncaring culture, limited resources and a lack of palliative care competence, which is in direct contrast to that which is delineated in directives, guidelines and recommendations. Our findings reveal the need for policymakers to be more aware of the challenges that may arise when healthcare reforms are implemented. Future research on palliative care should include patients', relatives' and nurses' perspectives.
Triangulation study of needs assessment of people with severe mental illness in “follow‐up” day hospital settings
Authors: Torkar Tanja , Homar Vesna , Švab Vesna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of research was to assess the needs of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) attending follow‐up day hospital (DH) programmes from the patients', relatives' and experts' perspective.DesignThis triangulation research relies on three sources of information and two techniques of data collection.MethodsQualitative research was conducted comprising semi‐structured interviews (n = 15) and focus groups (n = 4) in three sequential rounds, triangulating patients', relatives' and experts' views. A content analysis was carried out.ResultsStudy reveals a diverse spectrum of needs of SMI patients in follow‐up DH programmes. The analysis yielded six themes: optimal daily functioning, work and educational activities, social network inclusion, continuous treatment, support and guidance, long‐term care. DH programmes should assess the needs of patients with SMI and be adapted according to the findings. In addition to clinical treatment, requirements for continuous treatment, psychological and social needs, therapeutic relationship in less‐restrictive settings should be considered.