bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin mediated activation of MAP kinase pathway may reduce DNA damage stress in plants: A review
Authors: Maity Sukhendu , Guchhait Rajkumar , Pramanick Kousik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMelatonin is an important biomolecule found in diverse groups of organisms. Under different abiotic stresses, the synthesis of melatonin is markedly increased suggesting pivotal roles of melatonin in plants enduring stresses. Being an endogenous signaling molecule with antioxidant activity, melatonin alters many physiological responses and is found to be involved in regulating DNA damage responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of melatonin in response to DNA damage have not yet been studied. The present review aims to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of melatonin in response to DNA damage in plants. We propose that the MAP kinase pathway is involved in regulating melatonin dependent response of plants under DNA damage stress. Where melatonin might activate MAPK via H2O2 or Ca2+ dependent pathways. The activated MAPK in turn might phosphorylate and activate SOG1 and repressor type MYBs to mitigate DNA damage under abiotic stress.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia
Authors: Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Ghanavati Elham , Glinski Benedikt , Hallajian Amir‐Homayun , Azarkolah Anita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveAmong the target groups in child and adolescent psychiatry, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been more applied in neurodevelopmental disorders specifically, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and dyslexia. This systematic review aims to provide the latest update on published randomized‐controlled trials applying tDCS in these disorders for evaluating its efficacy and safety.MethodsBased on a pre‐registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022321430) and using the PRISMA approach, a literature search identified 35 randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of tDCS on children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 17), ASD (n = 11), and dyslexia (n = 7).ResultsIn ADHD, prefrontal anodal tDCS is reported more effective compared to stimulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus. Similarly in ASD, prefrontal anodal tDCS was found effective for improving behavioral problems. In dyslexia, stimulating temporoparietal regions was the most common and effective protocol. In ASD and dyslexia, all tDCS studies found an improvement in at least one of the outcome variables while 64.7% of studies (11 of 17) in ADHD found a similar effect. About 88% of all tDCS studies with a multi‐session design in 3 disorders (16 of 18) reported a significant improvement in one or all outcome variables after the intervention. Randomized, double‐blind, controlled trials consisted of around 70.5%, 36.3%, and 57.1% of tDCS studies in ADHD, ASD, and dyslexia, respectively. tDCS was found safe with no reported serious side effects in 6587 sessions conducted on 745 children and adolescents across 35 studies.ConclusiontDCS was found safe and partially effective. For evaluation of clinical utility, larger randomized controlled trials with a double‐blind design and follow‐up measurements are required. Titration studies that systematically evaluate different stimulation intensities, duration, and electrode placement are lacking.
Case report: Primary empty Sella causing secondary adrenal insufficiency and severe yet asymptomatic hyponatremia
Authors: Lah Siehoon , Wahab Almas , Wakil Ammar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 61‐year‐old man presented with incidental hyponatraemia to 118 mmol/L, to which he was asymptomatic. Diagnostic workup revealed a partially empty sella turcica on magnetic resonance imaging. He had associated secondary adrenal insufficiency but other hormonal axes were relatively unaffected. Treatment with cortisol replacement promptly resolved the hyponatraemia.
Photo/Thermal Dual‐Activation Improves the Photocurrent of Bismuth Vanadate for PEC Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Cong , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Tao , Zhang Yazhou , Su Jinzhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaking full use of the whole sunlight spectrum and developing photoanode with high performance are the two crucial challenges to realizing the industrial application of PEC water splitting. Thermal‐activation is an ideal way to realize the full use of the whole sunlight spectrum as the thermal energy is easily generated by the long wavelength sunlight. Photo‐activation is an effect way to enhance the PEC performance of BiVO4 through the synergistic effects of its bulk charge transfer and surface properties. In this work, the combining of thermal‐activation and photo‐activation (dual‐activation) was conducted on the BiVO4 photoanode to improve its photocurrent performance. The results indicate that the dual‐activation dramatically improved the photocurrent density of BiVO4 photoanode from 0.62 mA cm−2 to 1.32 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, and the improvement could be ascribed to the synergistic effects of Ddonor enhancement and diminished Fermi level pinning effect. Besides, the charge transfer process in the BiVO4 photoanode was also effectively facilitated by the dual‐activation.
Overseed timing of ryegrass and cereal rye in soybean affects rotational crops in upstate Missouri
Authors: Nelson Kelly A. , Belknap Renee A. , Brake Derek , Singh Gurbir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOverseeding may help farmers establish cover crops (CCs) in a relay intercropping system and avoid labor and time constraints during harvest while providing grazing opportunities for integrated crop–livestock systems. This research evaluated timings (overseeded at R6, R6.5, R7, R8, and post‐harvest) of cereal rye (CR; Secale cereale L.) and ryegrass (RG; Lolium multiflorum L.) CC plantings on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, CC heights and dry mass in the spring, and the subsequent impact on rotational crop (corn [Zea mays L.] or soybean) yield compared with the absence of a CC (nonseeded control) and drill‐seeded CC treatments following soybean harvest. Soybean light interception (LI) during the overseeding timings differed between years which along with precipitation and temperature affected fall and spring growth of grass CCs. Earlier‐seeded CCs were generally taller and had greater dry mass than post‐harvest seedings, depending on the year. Conventional‐tilled soybean yields and the subsequent no‐till soybean crop following CCs were not affected when CCs were seeded at R6.5 or later. No‐till soybean yields were not affected by overseeded CCs when seeded at R6 or later; however, all CC seedings except post‐harvest overseeded CCs reduced corn yields 16–33 bu acre–1 compared with the nonseeded control. Overseeding is an option for farmers wanting to establish a CC, but risk to the intercropped and rotational crop yield occurs if seeded too early and can depend on the rotational crop.
Synthesis of 3‐Borylated Pyrrolidines by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Alkenyl Boronates and Azomethine Ylide
Authors: Liashuk Oleksandr S. , Ryzhov Ihor A. , Hryshchuk Oleksandr V. , Vashchenko Bohdan V. , Melnychuk Pavlo V. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA scalable and efficient process for the preparation of 3‐borylated pyrrolidines by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of N‐benzyl azomethine ylide generated in situ has been developed. The optimized method included the use of LiF in DMSO at 110 °C and was suitable for α‐mono‐, α,β‐di‐, and α,β,β‐trialkyl‐, β,β‐(hetera)cycloalkylidene‐, CO2Et‐, as well as most β‐(het)aryl‐substituted alkenyl boropinacolates. The 1,3‐dipolar reaction proceeded on a multigram scale providing 3‐borylated pyrrolidines with diverse substitution patterns (including fused and spirocyclic ones) in a diastereoselective manner. The Pd(OH)2‐mediated N‐debenzylation of pyrrolidine hydrochlorides was successfully performed to give the corresponding bifunctional building blocks on an up to 130 g scale, thus providing a substantial expansion of the synthetic and medicinal chemist's toolbox. Other reactions included the preparation of trifluoroborates, Zweifel‐Aggarwal sp3‐sp2 coupling, and oxidative deborylation as an example of C‐heteroatom bond formation.
Application of rough set theory and machine learning algorithms in predicting accident outcomes in the Indian petroleum industry
Authors: Gangadhari Rajan Kumar , Khanzode Vivek , Murthy Shankar 
Published: August 2022

SummaryRecent advancements in machine learning techniques are helping researchers to develop predictive models that assist decision‐makers to get a quick, unbiased overview of the processes. But studies using machine learning approaches in analyzing and classifying the injury narratives of the petroleum industries are still in their early stages due to data unavailability and lack of trust in these models. Comparatively, other industries such as construction, manufacturing, aviation and so forth are using the findings from the predictive models but the use of machine learning techniques in analyzing petroleum industry accident data is not gaining much importance. This study aims to use available accident data from the Indian petroleum industry to develop a classification model for predicting possible outcomes of an accident. The data used in this study comprises 194 accident reports with 20 information attributes collected during the 2016–20 period. Six different machine learning algorithms are used to analyze and classify the possible outcome of the accident. It has been found that the Xgboost algorithm has achieved 95% accuracy following multilayer perceptron with 94% accuracy. The rough set theory is also used to extract the indiscernibility relationship between the given attributes causing accident occurrence. The results indicate that “skill‐based error, supervisory violation, no personal protective equipment usage, and lack of standard operating procedure compliance” have contributed to the majority of the accidents. The findings of this study can be used to assist safety professionals in decision‐making, mitigating the root causes of contributing factors.
The Use of Precision‐Cut Lung Slices for Studying Innate Immunity to Viral Infections
Authors: Michalaki Christina , Dean Charlotte , Johansson Cecilia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrecision‐cut lung slices (PCLS) are a novel tool to study cells of the lower airways. As PCLS retain the integrity and architecture of the lung, they constitute a robust model for studying the cells of the lower respiratory tract. Use of PCLS for imaging has been previously documented; however, other applications and techniques can also be applied to PCLS to increase their use and therefore decrease the number of animals needed for each experiment. We present a detailed protocol for generating PCLS from the murine lung. We show that cultured PCLS remain viable up to at least 8 days of culture, that RNA can be isolated from the tissue, and that flow cytometry can be carried out on the cells obtained from the PCLS. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cytokines and chemokines can be detected in the culture supernatants of PCLS exposed to viruses. Overall, these protocols expand the use of PCLS, especially for infection studies. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Precision‐cut lung slices (PCLS)Basic Protocol 2: PCLS culture and viabilityBasic Protocol 3: RNA isolation from PCLS, cDNA conversion, and RT‐qPCRBasic Protocol 4: Staining of cells from PCLS for flow cytometryBasic Protocol 5: In vivo RSV administration and ex vivo PCLS RSV exposure
Cervicovaginal cytology, HPV testing and vaginal flora in transmasculine persons receiving testosterone
Authors: Lin Lawrence Hsu , Zhou Fang , Elishaev Esther , Khader Samer , Hernandez Andrea , Marcus Alan , Adler Esther 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTestosterone is one of the strategies that transmasculine persons can elect in order to align physical traits to their gender identity. Previous studies have shown morphologic changes in the genital tract associated with testosterone. Here, we aim to evaluate cervicovaginal cytology specimens (Pap tests) and high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) testing from transmasculine individuals receiving testosterone.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort of 61 transmasculine individuals receiving testosterone from 2013 to 2021. Cytologic diagnoses from 65 Pap tests were correlated with HPV status and histologic follow‐up and compared with the institutional data and a cohort of cisgender women with atrophic changes.ResultsThe median age was 28 years and median time of testosterone use was 3 years. Transmasculine persons showed significantly higher rates of HSIL (2%) and unsatisfactory (16%) when compared with the institutional data and atrophic cohort of cisgender women. After reviewing slides of 46 cases, additional findings were noted: atrophy was present in 87%, glycogenated cells were seen in 30%, and Lactobacilli were substantially decreased in 89%. Among 32 available HPV tests, 19% were positive for HR‐HPV and 81% were negative. On histologic follow‐up, all HR‐HPV‐positive cases with abnormal cytology showed HSIL, while none of the HPV‐negative cases revealed HSIL.ConclusionOur study cohort demonstrated a high percentage of abnormal Pap tests in transmasculine persons receiving testosterone. Testosterone seems to induce changes in squamous cells and shifts in vaginal flora. HR‐HPV testing can be a useful adjunct in the workup of abnormal Pap tests from transmasculine individuals.
Root hemiparasitic plants are associated with more even communities across North America
Authors: Hodžić Jasna , Pearse Ian , Beaury Evelyn M. , Corbin Jeffrey D. , Bakker Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRoot hemiparasitic plants both compete with and extract resources from host plants. By reducing the abundance of dominant plants and releasing subordinates from competitive exclusion, they can have an outsized impact on plant communities. Most research on the ecological role of hemiparasites is manipulative and focuses on a small number of hemiparasitic taxa. Here, we ask whether patterns in natural plant communities match the expectation that hemiparasites affect the structure of plant communities. Our data were collected on 129 national park units spanning the continental United States. The most common hemiparasite genera were Pedicularis, Castilleja, Krameria, and Comandra. We used null models and linear mixed models to determine whether hemiparasites were associated with changes in community richness and evenness. Hemiparasite presence did not affect community metrics. Hemiparasite abundance was positively associated with increasing evenness of herbaceous species, but not with species richness. The associations that we observed on a continental scale are consistent with evidence that the impacts of root hemiparasitic plants on evenness can be substantial and abundance dependent but that effects on richness are less pronounced. Hemiparasites mediate competitive exclusion in communities to facilitate species coexistence and merit consideration of inclusion in ecological theories of coexistence.
Data‐driven probabilistic curvature capacity modeling of circular RC columns facilitating seismic fragility analyses of highway bridges
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Yuan Xinzhe , Feng Ruiwei , Dong You 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe availability of reliable probabilistic capacity models of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is a cornerstone for high‐confidence seismic fragility and risk analyses of highway bridges. Existing studies often perform physics‐based pushover or moment–curvature analyses for the capacity modeling of RC columns, which may encounter nonconvergent problems under high levels of nonlinearities in structural material constitutive models and elements, and become computationally inefficient especially when the analysis model contains plenty of cases involving multisource uncertainties. To mitigate the nonconvergent issues as well as release the computational burden of RC column capacity estimates, this study explores the potency of artificial neural network for data‐driven probabilistic curvature capacity modeling of circular RC columns, which can facilitate seismic fragility assessment of highway bridges. To this end, a large database is developed by fiber‐section‐based moment–curvature analyses covering major ranges of concrete and steel strengths, reinforcement ratios, vertical loads, and geometries of RC columns in engineering practices. To obtain an accurate data‐driven model, a fivefold cross‐validation training and test process is performed to optimize the neural network architecture. The optimized neural network leads to a reliable data‐driven model for estimating multilevel curvature capacity indices with percentage errors less than 15%. Finally, a typical highway bridge is taken as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the developed data‐driven capacity model for the expediency of seismic fragility analysis. For ease of implementation, the database and associated codes are available at https://bit.ly/3A1dh1V.
A seismic emergency performance optimization model for infrastructure systems under demand differences: A case study in China
Authors: Zhao Zeyu , Pan Shengjie , Li Nan , Li Zaishang , Zhao Chen , Xu Zhen , Fang Dongping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInfrastructure systems play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of cities and the well‐being of residents after earthquakes. Meanwhile, infrastructure systems are vulnerable to earthquakes and may fail to provide necessary services, highlighting the significant need to improve seismic emergency performance. Nevertheless, the seismic emergency performance of infrastructure systems still lacks effective enhancement strategies and optimization models, which makes it challenging to devise and benchmark appropriate emergency enhancement actions. This study proposes an emergency performance optimization model for infrastructure systems against earthquakes. The model aims at maximizing the effects of resistance actions and short‐term recovery actions on infrastructure systems with consideration of residents' expectations of infrastructure performance after earthquakes. The efficacy of the proposed model is tested by a case study in China. Experiments and results illustrate advantages of the seismic emergency performance optimization and prioritize resistance and short‐term recovery activities within constraints set by available resources.
Hybrid Quinoline Telluroether Ligand Derived Copper and Silver Complexes: Synthesis, Structural and Electronic Properties
Authors: Raju Saravanan , Singh Harkesh B. , Kumar Sangit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe tetradentate organotelluroether (C9H6NTe)2CH2 ligand has been synthesized and its coordination behaviour with a stoichiometric amount of copper(II) and silver(I) perchlorate and triflate salts has been experimentally investigated. The isolated ligand and metal complexes are characterized by multinuclear (1H, 13C, 125Te) NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and DFT calculations. The X‐ray analysis revealed the formation of self‐assembled bimetallic complexes with the molecular formula of 2[M(C9H6NTe)2CH2]+ X− [M+=Cu, Ag; X−=ClO4, CF3SO3]. Further, it has been noticed that the metal ions act as a bridging unit to form cationic 8‐membered metallamacrocycles in the chair conformation. The atoms in molecule (AIM) and non‐covalent interactions (NCI) analysis display a weak intramolecular Te⋅⋅⋅Te interaction. Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations suggest that the tellurium has a rich electron donating ability toward metal ions than the quinoline nitrogen in the complexes.
Coordination Chemistry of Main Group Metals with Organic Isocyanides
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sayantan , Patro A Ganesh , Vadavi Ramesh S. , Nembenna Sharanappa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review deals with advances in the chemistry of organic isocyanide complexes of the main group metals. Isocyanides acting as functional groups show a great dichotomy between nucleophilic and electrophilic characters, which diversifies the course of different multicomponent reactions. The carbon and nitrogen centers can serve as the donor atom in different metal isocyanide frameworks. Along with the variation in ligation properties and different coordination modes, the metalated isocyanides emerge as a well‐established organometallic system with an effective synergistic mechanism, making them chemically and synthetically significant to chemists. However, the linear arrangement of the M−C=N−R induces the formation of multinuclear isocyanide complexes of good thermal stability, which draws the metalated isocyanides into the focal point of advanced reactivity and catalytic studies. A thorough literature survey on molecular main group metal complexes with organic isocyanides has been provided.
Computational Comparison of the Stability of Iminium Ions and Salts from Enals and Pyrrolidine Derivatives (Aminocatalysts)
Authors: Costa Anna M. , Castro‐Alvarez Alejandro , Fillot Daniel , Vilarrasa Jaume 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe energies of CH2=CH−CH=N+R2+HNR*2→CH2=CH−CH=N+R*2+HNR2 reactions (exchange of propenal between two secondary amines) and of similar equilibria with cinnamaldehyde have been calculated and compared. Iminium ions from pyrrolidines with substituents that can help stabilize the positive charge are especially stable in the gas phase, as expected, whereas in very polar solvents the predicted order of stability (of their iminium ions) is: O‐tert‐butyldiphenylsilylprolinol>pyrrolidine>O‐methylprolinol>2‐tert‐butylpyrrolidine>Jørgensen‐Hayashi catalyst>2‐tritylpyrrolidine>N,N‐dimethylprolinamide>trimethylsilyl prolinate>3‐triflamidopyrrolidine>methyl prolinate≫MacMillan‐1 catalyst>MacMillan‐2 catalyst. When ion pairs such as iminium tetrafluoroborates, in CHCl3, are compared, the order is similar. These data can be used to predict which iminium salts may predominate when two or more secondary amines and appropriate acids are added to conjugated carbonyl compounds.
Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a novel gravity‐enhanced compressed air energy storage system
Authors: Zhang Xuelin , Xue Xiaodai , Zhang Tong , Xie Ningning , Wang Yazhou , Ma Linrui , Wang Guohua , Mei Shengwei , Wen Jun , Gong Linghui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel energy storage technology of a gravity‐enhanced compressed air energy storage system is proposed for the first time, aiming to support the rapid growth of solar and wind capacity. With air storage formed by the shaft well, gravity piston, and seal membrane, the proposed system could achieve constant operating pressure, high storage efficiency, and large storage capacity. Electricity charged into this system is simultaneously transformed and stored in the thermal, pressure potential, and gravitational potential forms. The operating properties of the proposed system are simulated and analyzed with the commercial software Thermoflex V29. Results show that both the storage pressure and the well radius have essential influences on the performance of the newly proposed system. The theoretical energy storage efficiency of the proposed system is in a scope of 63.58%–65.50% with a storage pressure range of 40–100 bar. Economic analysis based on the time‐of‐use price policy in China suggests that the optimum levelized cost of storage (LCOS) happens at the storage pressure of 70 bar and a well radius of 8 m. Besides, considering different plant cost factors that reflect the total investment of a power plant, the optimum LCOS is 1.09–1.26 CNY/kWh. Moreover, the specific exergy cost of the discharged electricity is assessed to be 0.51 CNY/kWh or so, which is significantly more profitable compared with the given electricity price of 1.15 CNY/kWh at off‐peak.