bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Delay Integration Imaging of the Nighttime Ionosphere from the ICON Observatory
Authors: Mende S. B. , Frey H. U. , England S. L. , Immel T. J. , Eastes R. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the objectives of the Far UltraViolet (FUV) imager on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) spacecraft is to make high resolution images of the nighttime near equatorial oxygen 135.6 nm airglow emission. This emission is largely the product of O+ ion re-combination and therefore the emission intensity is a proxy for remote measurement of ionospheric density. The ICON FUV instrument is capable of high resolution imaging of the night glow by viewing the Earth’s limb from above on the left side of the spacecraft and taking rapid exposures and co-adding the resultant images for 12 seconds. To improve the resolution and compress the resulting data a new type of Time Delay Integration (TDI) technique was developed, which involves transforming the images into a distorted frame so that the displacement due to orbital motion becomes a singular constant vector for all pixels. Operating in this transformed frame it is possible to co-add and shift the images to retain the resolution and minimize the required data bandwidth. The transformation needs modeling of the object distance for all pixels. Two models, the “limb” and “sub-limb” models, are used for transforming the upper and lower parts of the ICON FUV images, respectively. At the input of the instrument there is a rotatable mirror, which allows directing the optic axis near to the plane of the local magnetic field. The images are co-added for 12 sec and are down linked and re-assembled on the ground into maps of the O emission showing an entire night pass. This is the first report on the performance of this newly developed TDI system. ICON with its low inclination (27 degree) orbit provides an extensive longitudinal coverage on each orbit complementing the coverage of GOLD or TIMED. During 179 orbits in October 2021 ICON FUV saw significant nighttime ion densities on 76% of the orbits. At low latitudes the ionization was clearly associated with the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA). The maps showed significant structuring during 34% of the orbits when ICON was in the position to view the EIA. In coordinated observations GOLD and ICON FUV observed regular structuring in the form of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPB-s). Comparing to GOLD observations in 2018, ICON saw significantly fewer EPB-s in the month of October 2021. ICON TDI integrated sub-limb view was tested for resolution using star images and should have seen structures less than 10 km. From the 179 orbits taken in October 2021 the shortest repetition EPB-were 350 km from peak to peaks.
Fluorescence quenching, DFT, NBO, and TD-DFT calculations on 1, 4-bis [2-benzothiazolyl vinyl] benzene (BVB) and meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) in the presence of silver nanoparticles
Authors: AboAlhasan Ahmed A. , El-Daly Samy A. , Ebeid El-Zeiny M. , Sakr Mahmoud A. S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSteady-state fluorescence measurements were used to examine the fluorescence quenching of 1, 4-bis [-(2-benzothiazolyl) vinyl benzene (BVB) by sodium salt of meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) in the presence and absence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The energy transfer (ET) process’s emission intensities and Stern–Volmer constants (KSV) showed that Ag NP’s presence increased ET’s efficiency. The molecular structures of TPPS, TPPS, and BVB/TPPS were optimized using the DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d) technique to elucidate the mechanism. The discovered optimized molecular structure proved that whereas TPPS and BVB/TPPS MSs are not planar because the porphyrin group in TPPS is rotated out by phenyl sodium sulphate, the BVB MS is planer. All of the theoretical BVB results and the acquired experimental optical results were very similar.
Removal of pathogens from greywater using green roofs combined with chlorination
Authors: Petousi Ioanna , Thomaidi Vasiliki , Kalogerakis Nikolaos , Fountoulakis Michail S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Greywater is an important alternative water resource which could be treated and reused in buildings, reducing the freshwater demand in drought affected areas. For the successful implementation of this solution, it is important to ensure the microbial safety of treated greywater. This study examined the microbiological quality of treated greywater produced by an emergent nature-based technology (green roofs) and a chlorination process. Specifically, the effect of substrate, substrate depth, and vegetation on the removal of total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and enterococci in experimental green roofs treating greywater was examined for a period of about 12 months. In addition, the ability of chlorination to inactivate the abovementioned pathogen indicators was evaluated and their potential regrowth was examined. Results shown that green roofs filled with 10 cm of perlite reduce total coliform concentration by about 0.4 log units while green roofs filled with 20 cm of vermiculite reduce total coliform concentration by about 1.2 log units. In addition, the use of vegetation in green roofs improves the removal of pathogenic bacteria by about 0.5 log units in comparison with unvegetated systems. In all cases, the effluents of green roofs failed to satisfy the criteria for indoor reuse of treated greywater for non-potable uses such as toilet flushing without a disinfection process. The addition of 3 mg/L of chlorine in the effluent provided safe greywater microbiological quality for storage periods of less than 24 h, while longer periods resulted in the significant regrowth of pathogens. In contrast, a chlorination dose of 7 mg/L completely secured inactivation of pathogen indicators for periods of up to 3 days.
The Tumor Invasion Paradox in Cancer Stem Cell-Driven Solid Tumors
Authors: Shyntar Alexandra , Patel Ashna , Rhodes Meghan , Enderling Heiko , Hillen Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are key in understanding tumor growth and tumor progression. A counterintuitive effect of CSCs is the so-called tumor growth paradox: the effect where a tumor with a higher death rate may grow larger than a tumor with a lower death rate. Here we extend the modeling of the tumor growth paradox by including spatial structure and considering cancer invasion. Using agent-based modeling and a corresponding partial differential equation model, we demonstrate and prove mathematically a tumor invasion paradox: a larger cell death rate can lead to a faster invasion speed. We test this result on a generic hypothetical cancer with typical growth rates and typical treatment sensitivities. We find that the tumor invasion paradox may play a role for continuous and intermittent treatments, while it does not seem to be essential in fractionated treatments. It should be noted that no attempt was made to fit the model to a specific cancer, thus, our results are generic and theoretical.
What have we done?! The impact of economics on the beliefs and values of business students
Authors: Laméris Maite D. , Méon Pierre-Guillaume , van Prooijen Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe examine the effect of studying business on the beliefs and values of students and study the role of economics in influencing this effect. We observe significant differences between business students and students from other disciplines, among which economics, at the start of their first year. We also discover that some of these differences persist or are reinforced at the end of the year. Furthermore, we find changes in beliefs and values of business students that take only one year to manifest. Above all, while we observe that some values and beliefs of business students change over time, we observe no such changes for economics students. This suggests that the effect of studying business is not entirely driven by exposure to economics in business studies.
(p, q)-Equations with Negative Concave Terms
Authors: Crespo-Blanco Ángel , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Winkert Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian and with a reaction that has the combined effects of a negative concave term and of an asymmetric perturbation which is superlinear on the positive semiaxis and resonant in the negative one. We prove a multiplicity theorem for such problems obtaining three nontrivial solutions, all with sign information. Furthermore, under a local symmetry condition, we prove the existence of a whole sequence of sign-changing solutions converging to zero in $$C^1_0(\overline{\Omega })$$

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Learning the Hidden Signature of Fetal Arch Anatomy: a Three-Dimensional Shape Analysis in Suspected Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Hermida Uxio , van Poppel Milou P. M. , Lloyd David F. A. , Steinweg Johannes K. , Vigneswaran Trisha V. , Simpson John M. , Razavi Reza , De Vecchi Adelaide , Pushparajah Kuberan , Lamata Pablo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neonatal coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common congenital heart defect. Its antenatal diagnosis remains challenging, and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. We present a novel statistical shape modeling (SSM) pipeline to study the role and predictive value of arch shape in CoA in utero. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) data of 112 fetuses with suspected CoA was acquired and motion-corrected to three-dimensional volumes. Centerlines from fetal arches were extracted and used to build a statistical shape model capturing relevant anatomical variations. A linear discriminant analysis was used to find the optimal axis between CoA and false positive cases. The CoA shape risk score classified cases with an area under the curve of 0.907. We demonstrate the feasibility of applying a SSM pipeline to three-dimensional fetal CMR data while providing novel insights into the anatomical determinants of CoA and the relevance of in utero arch anatomy for antenatal diagnosis of CoA.
Graphical abstract
Pharmacological protection of the thyroid gland against radiation damage from radioactive iodine labeled compounds in children: a systematic review
Authors: de Lijster Bas , de Kanter Clara T. M. M. , de Keizer Bart , Tytgat Godelieve A. M. , Vulsma Thomas , Offringa Martin , van Santen Hanneke M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There is currently no consensus on which protective strategy is most effective to prevent I-131 uptake in the thyroid during medical interventions in children. We aimed to collect the best available evidence to determine which pharmacological intervention is most effective in protecting the thyroid gland from damage by radioactive iodine (RAI).

Methods
Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Embase, OLDMEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Only original studies were included (1950–2022). Studies comparing pharmacological prevention of the thyroid against RAI uptake or occurrence of hypothyroidism, thyroid nodule or thyroid cancer were included. Included studies were graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation considerations. Pharmacological interventions were compared for effectiveness on reduction of thyroidal intake or relevant clinical thyroidal outcomes.

Results
Forty studies were included. Quality of included studies was low and many different outcome variables were used, making meta-analysis impossible. In 81% of studies, the pharmacological intervention could not prevent RAI uptake or thyroid damage. The administration of potassium iodide (KI) 1 h before exposure to RAI seemed most effective to reduce thyroidal uptake, however, hypothyroidism was reported in up to 64% as well as several cases of thyroid carcinoma. The combination of KI, thyroxine and thiamazole reduced RAI uptake and occurrence of hypothyroidism; yet, after follow-up of 9 years, still 50% of patients developed hypothyroidism. KI with potassium perchlorate showed hypothyroidism to occur in up to 12% of patients after short follow-up time.

Conclusions
The lack of well-designed studies impairs making strong recommendations on the optimal way to prevent thyroid damage when using radioactive coupled ligands for medical interventions. To improve the protection of the thyroid against radiation damage by I-131, well-designed randomized clinical trials with sufficient follow-up time, comparing new protective strategies’ effects on valid and well-defined thyroid outcomes are needed.
A robust performance evaluation approach for solution preservation in multiobjective optimization
Authors: Pan Anqi , Wang Chuang , Shen Bo , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany real-world optimization problems have complex features, such as bias, multimodel, etc. Existing evolutionary algorithms mainly utilize solutions’ current performance to decide their survivals, which are not comprehensive enough to describe the evolving trend, and may misguide the evolve decision. In this paper, a novel robust performance evaluation approach for evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm is proposed. Here, the robustness refers to the performance fluctuation degree among several generations, which can be expressed by interval values in respect to the decision and objective spaces. Based on the robust performance evaluation, solutions can be selected and preserved considering their historical performance, and thus, the exploration strength in convergence potential areas can be maintained. Meanwhile, to construct an evolutionary algorithm that embeds robustness evaluation, a robust elite managerial method and a learning-based updating strategy are also designed. Experiments on multiobjective benchmark problems and a real-world optimization in a robotic manipulation system have proved the superiority of the proposed approach.
Geodesic flows of c-projectively equivalent metrics are quantum integrable
Authors: Schumm Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGiven two c-projectively equivalent metrics on a Kähler manifold, we show that canoncially constructed Poisson-commuting integrals of motion of the geodesic flow, linear and quadratic in momenta, also commute as quantum operators. The methods employed here also provide a proof of a similar statement in the case of projective equivalence. We also investigate the addition of potentials, i.e. the generalization to natural Hamiltonian systems. We show that commuting operators lead to separation of variables for Schrödinger’s equation.
Integrating computational thinking into a longitudinal data analysis course for public health students
Authors: Zheng Qi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfter completing an introductory biostatistics course, public health students often need to take one or more follow-on courses focusing on specialized areas of biostatistics. While there exists decades’ worth of pedagogical research on teaching introductory statistics to non-statistics majors, few systematic attempts have been made to explore innovative ways to teaching follow-on courses to non-statistics majors such as public health students. Extending previous research on teaching categorical data analysis to public health students, this paper explores ways to harness the power of computational thinking in teaching conceptual knowledge in a follow-on course on longitudinal data analysis. The proposed approach aims to keep students in their zone of proximal development by using computational experiments as a tool for developing understanding of conceptual knowledge. Learning activities center on experiments that explore the likelihood function. Illustrative examples of actual student work are used to demonstrate a practical way of integrating computational thinking into biostatistics course content.
In Defense of Comparisons: Russia and the Transmutations of Imperialism in International Law
Authors: Kotova Anastasiya , Tzouvala Ntina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile Western imperialism played a crucial role in the creation of modern international law, it is ever more important to analyze the engagements of non-Western imperialist powers with the field so as to comprehend the changing global patterns of legalized violence and expansionism. In this Essay, we analyze Russia's international legal arguments in support of its use of force against Ukraine through the lens of inter-imperial rivalry. In so doing, we call for strict scrutiny of the deployments of jus ad bellum equally by all imperial powers.
Ukraine, Open-Source Investigations, and the Future of International Legal Discourse
Authors: Lahmann Henning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRussia's aggression against Ukraine has brought into focus the growing significance of open-source information for international legal processes. Enabled by novel digital technologies, civil society actors have seized the opportunity provided by the vast amount of publicly available evidence to counter-narrate Russia's pretexts to justify its invasion within the deliberative bodies of the United Nations. This Essay explains the potential of this emerging practice to influence international legal discourse by increasing the costs for actors who base their conduct on false factual claims.
Ukraine and the Emergency Powers of International Institutions
Authors: Chachko Elena , Linos Katerina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs global crises become more frequent, international organizations increasingly invoke emergency powers to address them. But the study of international organization emergency governance remains in its infancy. We consider the EU response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The EU built on the emergency to accelerate EU integration and introduce unprecedented reforms in defense and security, migration and asylum, and energy. We map the techniques the EU deployed to achieve this and argue that they are not as alarming as critics have suggested.
Conflicting Declarations Under the Hague Service Convention Amid the Russo-Ukrainian War: Dilemmas and Preliminary Solutions
Authors: Huang Jie (Jeanne) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe 1965 Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters has increasingly been used by its member states to demonstrate their territorial claims, including in the Falklands dispute and the Israel-Palestine conflict. This has now arisen in the Russo-Ukrainian war, as conflicting declarations have been formulated by eight states under the Convention. This Essay analyzes the legal dilemmas brought by these declarations and proposes preliminary solutions.
Cinema and the Idea of Fieldwork in Sol Plaatje’s Journeys
Authors: Pinto de Almeida Fernanda , Erasmus Aidan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the mid-1920s, Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje toured the South African countryside showing films he brought from the Tuskegee Institute in the United States. Plaatje’s cinema tours complemented his educational talks on the status of Africans in the Union of South Africa alongside the material he collected for books, speeches and political tours. Focusing on the itinerant cinema as an element of fieldwork, our article asks what can be learned from approaching Plaatje’s research practices. We consider Plaatje’s methods of research in relation to conventional notions of social scientific fieldwork, which also relied on modern media but were often entangled in colonial projects that projected an image of African rural life. Drawing on letters, novels, and accounts of his film screenings, our essay argues for an interdisciplinary engagement with cinema practices in African history that is attentive to the uses of mass media in research and the pedagogical valences of itinerant film screenings. Considering Plaatje’s cinema alongside the value he attached to travelling and mobility, we argue that his cinema puts the field to work and inspires new practices of research in African Studies.
Prediction and validation of total and regional skeletal muscle volume by using anthropometric measurements in prepubertal Japanese children
Authors: Midorikawa Taishi , Ohta Megumi , Hikihara Yuki , Torii Suguru , Sakamoto Shizuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to easily estimate skeletal muscle (SM) volume in children. We aimed to develop regression-based prediction equations to estimate the total body and regional SM volume using calliper measurements of skinfold thickness and limb circumference and to investigate the validity of these equations. In total, 142 healthy, prepubertal, Japanese children, aged 6–12 years, were divided into two groups: the model development group (sixty boys, thirty-eight girls) and the validation group (twenty-six boys, eighteen girls). Contiguous magnetic resonance images were obtained from the first cervical vertebra to the ankle joints as reference data. SM volume was calculated from the summation of the digitised cross-sectional areas. Limb and waist circumferences were measured at mid-upper arm, mid-thigh, maximal calf and at the level of umbilicus. Each girth was corrected for subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness, as estimated by skinfold thickness measurements. Skinfold thickness was measured at the posterior upper arm, anterior thigh, medial calf and lateral to the umbilicus, using callipers. Significant correlations were observed between the site-matched SM volume, measured by MRI, and each corrected girth × standing height value in the model development group. When these SM volume prediction equations were applied to the validation group, the measured total body and regional SM volume were similar to the predicted values. These results suggest that the anthropometric prediction equations developed in this study provide reliable information about the total and regional SM volume in prepubertal Japanese children, with varying degrees of estimation accuracy for each region.
Evaluating the breeding phenology of the endangered ‘a‘o (Newell’s Shearwater Puffinus newelli) on Kaua‘i to better focus conservation actions and management decisions
Authors: Raine André F. , Driskill Scott , Rothe Jennnifer , Travers Marc S. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
The ‘a‘o, or Newell’s Shearwater Puffinus newelli, is an endangered shearwater species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, with 90% of the world population found on Kaua‘i. Understanding the breeding phenology of the species is vital for identifying key periods for colony management actions and the timing and exposure frequency to infrastructure threats such as powerline collisions and light attraction. We used a combination of direct burrow monitoring and remote cameras at multiple colonies between 2012 and 2019 for a detailed assessment of the breeding phenology for this species. Breeding adults started arriving at the burrow in mid-April, some (but not all) underwent a two-week exodus in May and returned at the end of May to commence incubation. Incubation continued until mid-July. The chick-rearing period ran until the end of September. Fledging peaked in October with the last birds fledging towards the middle of November. Breeding was not synchronised, with a 59-day gap between the first and last fledging birds. The importance of this information to management actions is discussed, particularly in terms of directing management actions to key periods of vulnerability to introduced predators (such as peak incubation, chick emergence, and exercising prior to fledging), the precise timing of fledgling fallout related to light attraction, and directing colony-monitoring actions and translocation projects. We also consider the utility of the data in assessing species composition of powerline collisions and collision risk. Future work using acoustic monitoring is recommended for assessing the phenology of non-breeders and prospectors at colonies.