bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confirmation of plant-derived exosomes as bioactive substances for skin application through comparative analysis of keratinocyte transcriptome
Authors: Cho Jeong Hun , Hong Yong Deog , Kim Donghyun , Park Si Jun , Kim Jung Soo , Kim Hyun-Min , Yoon Eun Jeong , Cho Jin-Seong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlant exosomes are nanosized (30–150 nm) membrane vesicles that contain biomolecules and influence the development of a plant and protect the plant from pathogens. Recently, plant exosomes are in the spotlight as a new biologically active substance. However, whether plant exosomes have similar efficacy to conventional secondary metabolites of plants is unknown. In this study, the difference in efficacy between plant exosomes and conventional secondary metabolites was analyzed with three or four types of plant extracts, including ginseng (Panax ginseng) and green tea (Camellia sinensis). After 6 h of treatment, the analysis of gene expression pattern of each sample showed that the exosome treatment group and the extract treatment group were clearly distinguished. After selecting the genes that showed differential expression of > twofold change, the number of genes that were up- or downregulated appeared to be 398 or 438 for the extract and 861 or 648 for the exosome, on average. This suggests that the change in transcriptome is more expressed in the exosome treatment group than in the extract treatment group. In addition, in the comparative analysis of expression of genes that are known to affect aging, regeneration, skin barrier, and moisturization—MMP12, MMP13, NOTCH3, FGF12, HS3ST3A1, LOX, VIM, ELOVL3, and KRTI—the exosome treatment group was predicted to more effectively contribute to maintaining a healthy skin when compared to the extract treatment group. The number of genes that were identified to specifically react to the Panax ginseng or Camellia sinensis treatment group during the transcriptome change phase was 11 and 8, respectively. This suggests that exosomes bear its specific effect according to the plant it is derived from. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that plant exosomes, as natural biologically active substances, have different effects from conventional plant extracts, and have the potential to be commercialized as a cosmeceutical product.
Long-term cardiac assessment in a sample of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Flamarique I. , Vidal B. , Plana M. T. , Andrés-Perpiñá S. , Gárriz M. , Sánchez P. , Pajuelo C. , Mont L. , Castro-Fornieles J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
High mortality rates have been reported in patients with anorexia nervosa, mainly due to cardiovascular alterations. The purpose of the present study was to assess cardiac structural and functional abnormalities some 20 years after initial treatment in a sample of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa (A-AN) and to compare them with matched healthy controls (HC).

Methods
A sample of 29 women diagnosed and treated for AN during adolescence (A-AN) were assessed more than 20 years later. A complete cardiac evaluation was carried out including an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a standard 2D echocardiography. Thirty matched HC were also assessed.

Results
In the A-AN group, four subjects had a body mass index lower than 18.5 and met full DSM 5 criteria for AN at follow-up (Low-Weight group). They were compared with the rest of the sample (n = 25) who had normalized their weight (Normal-Weight group), though some still showed some eating disorder symptoms. Both groups were compared with the HC group. Subjects in the Low-Weight group presented statistically significant decreases in the left ventricular end-diastolic and left atrium dimensions and left ventricular mass in comparison with the Normal-Weight group and the HC. No other differences in cardiac parameters were found between groups.

Conclusions
Echocardiographic and ECG parameters of adults who had presented A-AN twenty years earlier and currently maintained normal weight were similar to those of HC who had never been treated or diagnosed with AN. Adult subjects with A-AN who still had low weight in the long term present certain cardiac abnormalities similar to those seen in short-lasting disease. More studies are needed to confirm these results in a larger sample.
Association between single moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and long-term tauopathy in humans and preclinical animal models: a systematic narrative review of the literature
Authors: Walker Ariel , Chapin Ben , Abisambra Jose , DeKosky Steven T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The initiation, anatomic pattern, and extent of tau spread in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the mechanism by which TBI leads to long-term tau pathology, remain controversial. Some studies suggest that moderate to severe TBI is sufficient to promote tau pathology; however, others suggest that it is simply a consequence of aging. We therefore conducted a systematic narrative review of the literature addressing whether a single moderate to severe head injury leads to long-term development of tauopathy in both humans and animal models.

Methods
Studies considered for inclusion in this review assessed a single moderate to severe TBI, assessed tau pathology at long-term timepoints post-injury, comprised experimental or observational studies, and were peer-reviewed and published in English. Databases searched included: PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, EMBASE, Web of Science, Academic Search Premiere, and APA Psychnet. Search results were uploaded to Covidence®, duplicates were removed, and articles underwent an abstract and full-text screening process. Data were then extracted and articles assessed for risk of bias.

Findings
Of 4,150 studies screened, 26 were eligible for inclusion, of which 17 were human studies, 8 were preclinical animal studies, and 1 included both human and preclinical animal studies. Most studies had low to moderate risk of bias. Most human and animal studies (n = 12 and 9, respectively) suggested that a single moderate to severe TBI resulted in greater development of long-term tauopathy compared to no history of head injury. This conclusion should be interpreted with caution, however, due to several limitations: small sample sizes; inconsistencies in controlling for confounding factors that may have affected tau pathology (e.g., family history of dementia or neurological illnesses, apolipoprotein E genotype, etc.), inclusion of mostly males, and variation in reporting injury parameters.

Interpretation
Results indicate that a single moderate to severe TBI leads to greater chronic development of tauopathy compared to no history of head injury. This implies that tau pathology induced may not be transient, but can progressively develop over time in both humans and animal models. Targeting these tau changes for therapeutic intervention should be further explored to elucidate if disease progression can be reversed or mitigated.
Low-frequency glow discharge (LFGD) plasma treatment enhances maize (Zea mays L.) seed germination, agronomic traits, enzymatic activities, and nutritional properties
Authors: Sohan Md. Sohanur Rahman , Hasan Mahedi , Hossain Md. Forhad , Sajib Salek Ahmed , Khalid-Bin-Ferdaus Khandaker Md. , Kabir Ahmad Humayun , Rashid Md. Mamunur , Talukder Mamunur Rashid , Elseehy Mona M. , El-Shehawi Ahmed M. , Reza Md Abu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Plasma technology is an emerging sector in agriculture. The effect of low-frequency glow discharge (LFGD) plasma at medium pressure (10 torr) on maize morpho-physiological and agronomical behavior was investigated in the current studies. The LFGD plasma act as a secondary messenger to improve maize production. This cutting-edge plasma technology can be used in agriculture to boost agronomic possibilities.

Materials and methods
Maize seeds were treated with LFGD Ar + Air gas plasma for 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, and 120 s. The gas ratio of Ar + Air was 1:99. Plasma was produced with a high voltage (1–6 kV) and low (3–5 kHz) frequency power supply across the electrodes. The internal pressure was maintained at ~ 10 torrs with a vacuum pump in the plasma chamber. Inside the plasma production chamber, the gas flow rate was maintained at 1 L/min.

Results
Effect of LFGD Ar + Air plasma on seed germination, and growth parameters including, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, and chlorophyll were measured and in comparison with the control the parameter scores increased by 4.89%, 3.18%, 1.77%, 5.53%, 1.90%, 5.16%, 1.90%, 1.98%, respectively. The SEM image of the seeds surface demonstrated remarkable changes caused by plasma treatment. In roots, APX and SOD activities improved by only 0.022% and 0.64%, whereas, in shoots their activities showed a 0.014% and 0.25% increment compared to control. Further, H2O2, soluble protein, and sugar content increased by 0.12%, 0.33%, 2.50% and 1.15%, 1.41%, 2.99%, 1.16% in shoots and roots, respectively, while NO showed no significant changes in plants. Interestingly, notable improvement were found in nutritional properties (protein 0.32%, fat 0.96%, fiber 0.22%, ash 0.31%, grain iron 1.77%, shoots iron 7.61%, and manganese 6.25%), while the moisture content was reduced by 0.93% which might be useful in prolonged seed storage and the long life viability of the seeds. However, zinc (Zn) content in maize seedlings from plasma-treated seeds showed no significant change.

Conclusion
The present study revealed that LFGD Ar + Air gas plasma is associated with the elevation of ROS in leaves and roots, which in turn improves the seed germination rate, agronomic traits, growth, enzymatic activity, and nutritional supplement in maize.

Graphical Abstract
Application of agro-waste-mediated silica nanoparticles to sustainable agriculture
Authors: Goswami Pooja , Mathur Jyoti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUse of green agronomic techniques for plant development and crop protection is essential for environmental sustainability. The current research investigates a more efficient and long-term technique of manufacturing silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) from agricultural waste (sugarcane bagasse and corn cob). SiO2 NPs were synthesized by calcinations of waste residues in muffle furnace with varying temperatures (400–1000 °C)/2 h in the present of static air. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize SiO2 NPs and assessed for their antifungal activity simultaneously investigated the effects of various concentrations of produced SiO2 NPs on Eruca sativa (E. sativa) physiological and biochemical. With SiO2 NPs treatment at 1000 µg L−1 concentration, the seed germination rate was found to be up to 95.5%, and growth characteristics were enhanced compared to control. Accordingly, the ones treated with SiO2 NPs grew better than the control ones. The treatment of plant with SiO2 NPs (500 μg L−1) increased the protein content by 14.8 mg g−1, and chlorophyll level was also increased by 4.08 mg g−1 in leaves compared to untreated plant. Disc diffusion experiment was conducted to test the efficiency of SiO2 NPs against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger for antifungal activities. Highest mycelia growth inhibition was obtained with 73.42% and 58.92% for F. oxysporum and A. niger, respectively. The result shows that the SiO2 NPs have a favorable effect on E. sativa growth and germination, enhancing plant production which helps to improve the sustainable agriculture farming and acting as a possible antifungal agent against plant pathogenic fungi.
Graphical Abstract
Development of ROS2-TMS: new software platform for informationally structured environment
Authors: Itsuka Tomoya , Song Minsoo , Kawamura Akihiro , Kurazume Ryo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a new software platform, called ROS2-TMS, for an informationally structured environment. An informationally structured environment is vital for developing intelligent service robots by embedding various sensors in the environment to enhance the sensing capability and intelligence of robots. Thus far, we have been developing a software platform, named ROS-TMS, for an informationally structured environment, which connects various sensors and robots using ROS architecture. In recent years, ROS2, a next-generation version of ROS, has been released. ROS2 has many advantages, such as enhanced security, QoS control, and support for various platforms. ROS2-TMS, a new version of ROS-TMS, is developed not only by porting existing modules in ROS-TMS, such as the control system for a communication robot, but also by adding useful functions utilizing new features in ROS2. For instance, we added a voice user interface to control robots and various devices in the environment, such as lights or a bed. In addition, we implemented a new task scheduler that provides a cancelation function to stop running tasks and improve the security of the platform.
Effect of Different Types of Strength Training on Swimming Performance in Competitive Swimmers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fone Line , van den Tillaar Roland 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStrength training is widely used in swimming for improvement in performance. There are several ways to embark on strength training, which to different degrees follows the principle of specificity. There are disagreements in the literature on which training methods lead to the greatest performance improvements and to what degree resistance training must be specific to swimming to transfer to swimming performance.ObjectiveThe study was undertaken to examine (1) how different approaches to strength training for competitive swimmers can improve swimming performance and (2) which form of strength training resulted in the largest improvement in swimming performance.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was undertaken using the following databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Scopus. Studies were eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) a training intervention lasting longer than 3 weeks that investigates the effects strength training has on swimming performance, (2) involves youth or older experienced swimmers, (3) involves in-water specific resistance training, dry-land swim-like resistance training or non-specific dry-land strength training and (4) interventions with clear pre- and posttest results stated. Non-English language articles were excluded. Percent change and between-group effect size (ES) were calculated to compare the effects of different training interventions.ResultsA range of studies investigating different strength training methods were examined. The percent change in performance and between-group ES were calculated; 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review revealed no clear consensus on which method of strength training was the most beneficial to swimming performance. All methods had intervention groups that increased their swimming performance.ConclusionsThis review shows that swimming differs from other sports as it is performed in water, and this demands a specific way of training. The results show that a combined swimming and strength training regimen seemed to have a better effect on swimming performance than a swim-only approach to training. Based on the principle of specificity and gains in swimming performance, there is not a clear conclusion, as the three main methods of strength training revealed similar gains in swimming performance of 2–2.5%.
β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and functional outcomes in multi-trauma patients: a study protocol for a pilot randomised clinical trial (BOOST trial)
Authors: Wittholz Kym , Fetterplace Kate , Ali Abdelhamid Yasmine , Presneill Jeffrey J. , Beach Lisa , Thomson Benjamin , Read David , Koopman René , Deane Adam M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There are no therapies proven to diminish the muscle wasting that occurs in patients after major trauma who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a nutrition intervention that may attenuate muscle loss and, thereby, improve recovery. The primary aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of a blinded randomised clinical trial of HMB supplementation to patients after major trauma who are admitted to the ICU. Secondary aims are to establish estimates for the impact of HMB when compared to placebo on muscle mass and nutrition-related patient outcomes.

Methods
This prospective, single-centre, blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, feasibility trial with allocation concealment will recruit 50 participants over 18 months. After informed consent, participants will be randomised [1:1] to receive either the intervention (three grams of HMB dissolved in either 150 ml of orange juice for those allowed oral intake or 150 ml of water for those being enterally fed) or placebo (150 ml of orange juice for those allowed oral intake or 150 ml of water for those being enterally fed). The intervention will be commenced in ICU, continued after ICU discharge and ceased at hospital discharge or day 28 post randomisation, whichever occurs first. The primary outcome is the feasibility of administering the intervention. Secondary outcomes include change in muscle thickness using ultrasound and other nutritional and patient-centred outcomes.

Discussion
This study aims to determine the feasibility of administering HMB to critically ill multi-trauma patients throughout ICU admission until hospital discharge. Results will inform design of a larger randomised clinical trial.

Trial registration
The protocol is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ANZCTR: 12620001305910. UTN: U1111-1259-5534.
In silico prediction and structure-based multitargeted molecular docking analysis of selected bioactive compounds against mucormycosis
Authors: Madanagopal Premnath , Ramprabhu Nagarjun , Jagadeesan Rahul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unusual increase in cases of mucormycosis was observed in India, owing to immunological dysregulation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly in patients with poorly controlled diabetes with ketoacidosis to have contributed to the rise, and it has been declared an epidemic in several states of India. Because of the black colouring of dead and dying tissue caused by the fungus, it was dubbed "black fungus" by several Indian media outlets. In this study, attempts were taken to unmask novel therapeutic options to treat mucormycosis disease. Rhizopus species is the primary fungi responsible for 70% of mucormycosis cases.

Results
We chose three important proteins from the Rhizopus delemar such as CotH3, Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase and Mucoricin which plays a crucial role in the virulence of Mucorales. Initially, we explored the physiochemical, structural and functional insights of proteins and later using AutoDock Vina, we applied computational protein–ligand binding modelling to perform a virtual screening around 300 selected compounds against these three proteins, including FDA-approved drugs, FDA-unapproved drugs, investigational-only drugs and natural bioactive compounds. ADME parameters, toxicity risk and biological activity of those compounds were approximated via in silico methods. Our computational studies identified six ligands as potential inhibitors against Rhizopus delemar, including 12,28-Oxamanzamine A, vialinin B and deoxytopsentin for CotH3; pramiconazole and saperconazole for Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase; and Hesperidin for Mucoricin. Interestingly, 12,28-Oxamanzamine A showed a maximum binding affinity with all three proteins (CotH3: − 10.2 kcal/mol Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase: − 10.9 kcal/mol Mucoricin: − 8.6 kcal/mol).

Conclusions
In summary, our investigation identified 12,28-Oxamanzamine A, vialinin B, deoxytopsentin, pramiconazole, saperconazole and hesperidin as potent bioactive compounds for treating mucormycosis that may be considered for further optimisation techniques and in vitro and in vivo studies.
Metallic mineral exploration by using ambient noise tomography in Ashele copper mine, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Liu Qian , Feng Xuan , Liu Cai , Zhang Minghe , Tian You , Hou Hesheng 
Published: January 2022

Rapid advances in the seismic exploration method have allowed its application in metallic mineral exploration. However, 2D seismic profiles are often insufficient to describe the shape and areal extent of ore-bearing rock masses away from survey lines. Although more complete, collecting 3D seismic data is expensive, time consuming, and may require considerable investment in surface access. The combination of ambient noise tomography and 2D seismic reflection exploration methods can produce acceptable results relatively quickly and at a low cost. The enormous Ashele copper deposit in northwest China is a typical deposit formed by volcanic eruption. It is rich in resources and possesses good prospecting potential in its deeper and peripheral areas. We performed ambient noise tomography to investigate a near-surface 3D S-wave velocity ([Formula: see text]) structure above a depth of 0.7 km in the Ashele mining area (approximately 8 × 12 km) using 25 days of continuous ambient noise data. From the combined interpretation of the 3D [Formula: see text] structure and the existing 2D seismic reflection profile, we infer that there may be ore-bearing rock masses in the western and northern sides of the research area. We report the discovery of an ancient volcano at a depth of 500 m on the western side of this region. The banded velocity anomalies and the existence of the ancient volcano signify the formation process of a bimodal volcanic rock association. It has been proven that the combination of ambient noise tomography and 2D seismic reflection exploration methods can produce important results in metallic mineral exploration. Therefore, ambient noise tomography can be used as an economical, convenient, and efficient method for future explorations, complementing the 2D seismic reflection exploration method.
Structure-oriented prestack waveform inversion
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Xiaoyan , Li Jingye , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: January 2022

The prediction of elastic parameters (i.e., P-, S-wave velocity, and density) is one of the key tasks of seismic reservoir characterization. The amplitude-variation-with-offset/angle seismic inversion based on the exact Zoeppritz equation (EZE) or its approximations presupposes a single interface and ignores wave-propagation effects, resulting in low accuracy inversion results. The analytical solution of the 1D wave equation (i.e., the reflectivity method [RM]) can simulate more of the totality of wave-propagation effects, including transmission losses and internal multiples, thus improving the accuracy of the inversion results. However, the RM-based inversion method is sensitive to noise and is usually performed trace-by-trace. When trace-by-trace-based inversion results are combined into a 2D profile, the lateral continuity of the final results is poor, which affects the subsequent interpretation and evaluation. To address these issues, the RM-based structure-oriented prestack waveform inversion (SORM) method is proposed to suppress the effects of data noise and improve the geologic reliability of the inversion results. This method adds an additional structure-oriented constraint term to the objective function, which facilitates the integration of the structural orientation into the inversion algorithm in the form of dips. We carry out the method on a synthetic model as well as on a field data set. A series of numerical tests indicate that the SORM gives significantly more accurate and geologically reliable results compared with inversion based on EZE or trace-by-trace RM.