bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of high-pressure processing-assisted extraction of pectic polysaccharides from three berries
Authors: Hu Xinxin , Yu Chengxiao , Ahmadi Shokouh , Wang Yuying , Ye Xingqian , Hou Zhiqiang , Chen Shiguo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background and objectives
High-pressure processing (HPP) is a promising assistive method to extract pectic polysaccharides with high rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domain and berries are sources of such pectic polysaccharides. This study extracts pectic polysaccharides from goji berry, raspberry, and cranberry, examines how HPP influences the pectic polysaccharide structure of three berries, and provides a basis for the extraction and modification of pectic polysaccharides with specific structure and bioactivity.

Materials and methods
An orthogonal test was performed to optimize the HPP-assisted alkali method to extract the high yield and high RG-I content pectic polysaccharides from three berries. Structural information of pectic polysaccharides extracted by the HPP method and conventional methods were compared from the perspectives of monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results
For raspberry, the optimal conditions consisted of a pressure of 500 MPa, a pH of 13, and a pressure-holding time of 12 min, while the optimal conditions for goji berry and cranberry were both 400 MPa, pH 13, and 15 min. Under the optimal conditions, the yields for goji berry, raspberry, and cranberry were 10.49%, 16.63%, and 17.52%, respectively, and RG-I contents were 81.85%, 83.30%, and 63.22%, respectively. HPP showed an effect to degrade homogalacturonan backbones and side chains and increase the RG-I content to some extent.

Conclusion
HPP-assisted alkali method was revealed to be an efficient method to extract high RG-I content pectic polysaccharides, especially for cranberry, and was a potential method to modify pectic polysaccharide structure in a certain way.
Hampshire’s Gypsy Rehabilitation Centres: Welfare and Assimilation in Mid-20th Century Britain
Authors: Hinks Jim , Taylor Becky 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Through examination of a ‘Gypsy rehabilitation’ scheme in 1960s Hampshire, this article explores the position of England’s hereditary nomads at the height of Britain’s interventionist welfare state. We show how, while the scheme’s focus on enforced settlement appeared specific to Gypsies, it formed part of a spectrum of assimilatory methods used against other non-conforming groups. Equally, in the scheme’s collapse in the 1970s, we see echoes of the larger shift towards ‘race relations’ and the seeds of multiculturalism. We thus argue for the integration of research into racialized groups, including Gypsies and Travellers, within wider historiographies of twentieth-century Britain.
Asthma inflammatory phenotypes on four continents: most asthma is non-eosinophilic
Authors: Pembrey Lucy , Brooks Collin , Mpairwe Harriet , Figueiredo Camila A , Oviedo Aida Y , Chico Martha , Ali Hajar , Nambuya Irene , Tumwesige Pius , Robertson Steven , Rutter Charlotte E , van Veldhoven Karin , Ring Susan , Barreto Mauricio L , Cooper Philip J , Henderson John , Cruz Alvaro A , Douwes Jeroen , Pearce Neil ,   the WASP Study Group, Pearce Neil , Pembrey Lucy , Robertson Steven , van Veldhoven Karin , Rutter Charlotte E , Langan Sinead , Thorne Sarah , Davoren Donna , Henderson John , Ring Susan , Brierley Elizabeth , Fitzgibbon Sophie , Scoltock Simon , Hill Amanda , Cruz Alvaro , Figueiredo Camila , Barreto Mauricio , Santana Cinthia Vila Nova , Pimentel Gabriela , Lima Gilvaneide , Lima Valmar Bião , Fernandes Jamille , Carneiro Tamires Cana Brasil , Andrade Candace , Queiroz Gerson , Pires Anaque , Silva Milca , Cerqueira Jéssica , Cooper Philip , Chico Martha , Ardura-Garcia Cristina , Falcones Araceli , Oviedo Aida Y , Zambrano Andrea , Douwes Jeroen , Brooks Collin , Ali Hajar , Burmanje Jeroen , Mpairwe Harriet , Nambuya Irene , Tumwesige Pius , Namutebi Milly , Nnaluwooza Marble , Mukasa Mike 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Most studies assessing pathophysiological heterogeneity in asthma have been conducted in high-income countries (HICs), with little known about the prevalence and characteristics of different asthma inflammatory phenotypes in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study assessed sputum inflammatory phenotypes in five centres, in Brazil, Ecuador, Uganda, New Zealand (NZ) and the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 998 asthmatics and 356 non-asthmatics in 2016–20. All centres studied children and adolescents (age range 8–20 years), except the UK centre which involved 26–27 year-olds. Information was collected using questionnaires, clinical characterization, blood and induced sputum.

Results
Of 623 asthmatics with sputum results, 39% (243) were classified as eosinophilic or mixed granulocytic, i.e. eosinophilic asthma (EA). Adjusted for age and sex, with NZ as baseline, the UK showed similar odds of EA (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.37–2.94) with lower odds in the LMICs: Brazil (0.73, 0.42–1.27), Ecuador (0.40, 0.24–0.66) and Uganda (0.62, 0.37–1.04). Despite the low prevalence of neutrophilic asthma in most centres, sputum neutrophilia was increased in asthmatics and non-asthmatics in Uganda.

Conclusions
This is the first time that sputum induction has been used to compare asthma inflammatory phenotypes in HICs and LMICs. Most cases were non-eosinophilic, including in settings where corticosteroid use was low. A lower prevalence of EA was observed in the LMICs than in the HICs. This has major implications for asthma prevention and management, and suggests that novel prevention strategies and therapies specifically targeting non-eosinophilic asthma are required globally.
Do Populists Really Reject Expert Judgment?: Expert Consensus and Support for Clean Water Act Protections
Authors: Bergan Daniel E , Lapinski Maria Knight , Turner Shawn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent work on voting behavior and political attitudes has established the relevance of anti-intellectual (Merkley, 2020; Motta, 2018), anti-science (Mede & Schafer, 2020; Rekker, 2021) and anti-expertise (Brewer, 2020; Oliver & Rahn, 2016) attitudes in politics. However, the increasing relevance of anti-expertise attitudes raises a paradox, as one of the most well-established claims of the persuasion literature concerns the influence of expert sources on attitudes (O’Keefe, 2016; Pornpitakpan, 2004). The current paper explores the influence of messages based on public and expert consensus, as well as the interaction of these messages with expressed mistrust of experts relative to the public. The issue we explore concerns environmental regulations relating to water, an issue on which partisan elites are divided, but one that has not played a highly salient role in recent political discourse. We find that mistrust of experts is negatively related to support for these regulations, as expected, but that, contrary to prior research, increases in mistrust of experts in fact enhanced the impact of the expert message. We discuss potential explanations for why this pattern of results differs from prior work.
A smart, practical, deep learning-based clinical decision support tool for patients in the prostate-specific antigen gray zone: model development and validation
Authors: Song Sang Hun , Kim Hwanik , Kim Jung Kwon , Lee Hakmin , Oh Jong Jin , Lee Sang-Chul , Jeong Seong Jin , Hong Sung Kyu , Lee Junghoon , Yoo Sangjun , Choo Min-Soo , Cho Min Chul , Son Hwancheol , Jeong Hyeon , Suh Jungyo , Byun Seok-Soo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Despite efforts to improve screening and early detection of prostate cancer (PC), no available biomarker has shown acceptable performance in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gray zones. We aimed to develop a deep learning-based prediction model with minimized parameters and missing value handling algorithms for PC and clinically significant PC (CSPC).

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 18 824 prostate biopsies collected between March 2003 and December 2020 from 2 databases, resulting in 12 739 cases in the PSA gray zone of 2.0–10.0 ng/mL. Dense neural network (DNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models for PC and CSPC were developed with 5-fold cross-validation. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was compared with that of serum PSA, PSA density, free PSA (fPSA) portion, and prostate health index (PHI).

Results
The AUROC values in the DNN model with the imputation of missing values were 0.739 and 0.708 (PC) and 0.769 and 0.742 (CSPC) in internal and external validation, whereas those of the non-imputed dataset were 0.740 and 0.771 (PC) and 0.807 and 0.771 (CSPC), respectively. The performance of the DNN model was like that of the XGBoost model, but better than all tested clinical biomarkers for both PC and CSPC. The developed DNN model outperformed PHI, serum PSA, and percent-fPSA with or without missing value imputation.

Discussion
DNN models for missing value imputation can be used to predict PC and CSPC. Further validation in real-life scenarios are need to recommend for actual implementation, but the results from our study support the increasing role of deep learning analytics in the clinical setting.

Conclusions
A deep learning model for PC and CSPC in PSA gray zones using minimal, routinely used clinical parameter variables and data imputation of missing values was successfully developed and validated.
An integrated queueing-inventory-routing problem in a green dual-channel supply chain considering pricing and delivery period: a case study of construction material supplier
Authors: Abbaspour Solmaz , Aghsami Amir , Jolai Fariborz , Yazdani Maziar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The current paper presented a stochastic integrated queueing-inventory-routing problem into a green dual-channel supply chain considering an online retailer with a vehicle-routing problem (VRP) and a traditional retailing channel with an M/M/C queueing system. A mixed-integer non-linear programming model (MINLP) is presented to address the integrated VRP and M/M/C queueing system. The suggested model makes decisions about optimal routing, delivery time interval to customers, number of servers in traditional retailers, inventory replenishment policies, and retailers’ price. For the first time, this model considers two retailing channels simultaneously under different uncertainty, including demand, delivery lead time, service time, and delivery time interval to customers. The inventory model also follows a continuous-time Markov chain. The small-scale test problems are solved using GAMS software. Since the problem is NP-hard, this study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of the performance of 13 different metaheuristics. The ant lion optimiser, dragonfly algorithm, grasshopper optimisation algorithm, Harris-hawks optimisation, moth-flame optimisation algorithm, multi-verse optimizer, sine cosine algorithm, salp-swarm algorithm, the whale optimisation algorithm, grey-wolf optimiser, genetic algorithm, differential evolution, and particle swarm optimization are algorithms that were chosen for this study. Comprehensive statistical tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of these methods. Furthermore, the model is executed for construction material producers as a case study. Finally, sensitivity analyses were conducted on crucial model parameters; and managerial insights were recommended.
Misperception of Multiple Risks in Medical Decision-Making
Authors: Mourali Mehdi , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
How do consumers combine multiple risk items when forming overall risk judgments? Drawing on the fuzzy trace theory and categorical averaging, this research finds that adding a low-risk item to a high-risk item reduces the overall risk perception because people reason categorically about risk. They impose categorical distinctions on quantitative risk information, and when combining categorical information, they tend to average across categories instead of adding. Eight studies in the context of medical and health product decisions (N = 5,152) provide convergent evidence showing that when items in different risk tiers are considered together, they are consistently evaluated in a subtractive manner, leading to a higher likelihood of taking the objectively riskier medication (studies 1A, 1B, 1C, and 2). This effect is eliminated when the probability of one side effect is exceedingly high (study 3) or when the task requires reliance on verbatim representation of probabilities (study 4). The effect also disappears when risk information is presented graphically in a way that emphasizes the additive property of multiple risks (studies 5A and 5B). The findings have important implications for the fields of risk perception, risk communication, and consumer health and medical decision-making.
Nutrition Research Funding Trends and Focus Areas at the US National Cancer Institute
Authors: Trujillo Elaine B , Hays Cameron , Regan Karen , Ross Sharon , Seifried Harold 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence for diet and nutrition’s role in the cancer continuum is inconsistent and requires further study. Although more investigation is needed, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) funding for nutrition has decreased.

Methods
To examine nutrition research funding at the NCI, a portfolio analysis was undertaken for fiscal year (FY) 2018. Nutrition and other cancer-related terms were searched using the National Institutes of Health Query View and Report grants management dashboard. Grants were categorized by mechanism, funding status, applicant characteristics, funding opportunity announcement type, award type, and study characteristics.

Results
A total of 18 233 NCI grant applications were submitted in FY 2018; 12% were funded. Of the 653 nutrition-related grant applications received, 69 (11%) were funded. Funding status of nutrition grants did not differ statistically based on the type of funding opportunity announcement and were higher for applications classified as investigator initiated. Early stage investigators’ nutrition applications were funded less than other investigators. Only 4% and 6% of overall and funded nutrition grant applications were submitted by registered dietitian nutritionist primary investigators, respectively. Average FY 2018 award amounts for funded nutrition and overall grant applications were approximately US $399 000 and approximately US $703 000, respectively. Although the percentage of NCI nutrition grants funded was similar to other grant funding at NCI in FY 2018, between FY 2012 and FY 2018, NCI decreased overall nutrition funding by 44%.

Conclusions
Average grant award amounts for nutrition were less compared with overall NCI-funded grant applications and other topics. Our analysis highlights potential opportunities for greater investment in nutrition research at the NCI.
Post-polypectomy syndrome—a rare complication in colonoscopy procedures: a case report
Authors: Romo Julián A , Peña Jorge David , López Laura A , Figueroa Carlos , Garzon Horacio , Recamán Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Post-polypectomy syndrome (PPS) is a complication that may arise after some colonoscopy procedures that require electrocoagulation, due to a transmural burn, which irritates the serous membrane. Its clinical presentation is similar to the one of intestinal perforation, but it has a favorable prognosis, and does not require surgical treatment. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with a polyp in the ascending colon, who was admitted for an endoscopic resection. After the procedure, she complained of nausea, emesis and abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. She was transferred to the emergency department. An abdominal tomography showed cecal wall thickening without pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, the diagnosis of PPS was made and was managed with bowel rest, parenteral fluids and antibiotics, with full recovery. Despite of its low incidence, it is important to suspect this syndrome to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment and initiate medical management right away.
Of Bug Crushers and Barbaric Clerks: The Fabricated History of Jewish Family Names in Karl Emil Franzos’ ‘Namensstudien’ (1880)
Authors: Czakai Johannes 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article analyses the 1880 essay ‘Namensstudien’ by Austrian writer Karl Emil Franzos, which significantly shaped established knowledge of Jewish family names and their alleged origins. Although Franzos’ claims have been questioned since their publication, his essay—including two later versions from 1888 and 1897—is still widely referenced in studies on the history of Jewish family names. Based on a thorough historical examination, this article demonstrates that Franzos’ text is an example of literary, fabricated history and should thus not be mistaken for a historiographical reference work on the adoption of family names by Jews in the eighteenth century.
Lysine 27 dimethylation of Drosophila linker histone dH1 contributes to heterochromatin organization independently of H3K9 methylation
Authors: Bernués Jordi , Izquierdo-Boulstridge Andrea , Reina Oscar , Castejón Lucía , Fernández-Castañer Elena , Leal Núria , Guerrero-Pepinosa Nancy , Bonet-Costa Carles , Vujatovic Olivera , Climent-Cantó Paula , Azorín Fernando 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of core histones are important epigenetic determinants that correlate with functional chromatin states. However, despite multiple linker histone H1s PTMs have been identified, little is known about their genomic distribution and contribution to the epigenetic regulation of chromatin. Here, we address this question in Drosophila that encodes a single somatic linker histone, dH1. We previously reported that dH1 is dimethylated at K27 (dH1K27me2). Here, we show that dH1K27me2 is a major PTM of Drosophila heterochromatin. At mitosis, dH1K27me2 accumulates at pericentromeric heterochromatin, while, in interphase, it is also detected at intercalary heterochromatin. ChIPseq experiments show that &gt;98% of dH1K27me2 enriched regions map to heterochromatic repetitive DNA elements, including transposable elements, simple DNA repeats and satellite DNAs. Moreover, expression of a mutated dH1K27A form, which impairs dH1K27me2, alters heterochromatin organization, upregulates expression of heterochromatic transposable elements and results in the accumulation of RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) in heterochromatin, without affecting H3K9 methylation and HP1a binding. The pattern of dH1K27me2 is H3K9 methylation independent, as it is equally detected in flies carrying a H3K9R mutation, and is not affected by depletion of Su(var)3–9, HP1a or Su(var)4–20. Altogether these results suggest that dH1K27me2 contributes to heterochromatin organization independently of H3K9 methylation.
The BAF A12T mutation disrupts lamin A/C interaction, impairing robust repair of nuclear envelope ruptures in Nestor–Guillermo progeria syndrome cells
Authors: Janssen Anne , Marcelot Agathe , Breusegem Sophia , Legrand Pierre , Zinn-Justin Sophie , Larrieu Delphine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nestor–Guillermo progeria syndrome (NGPS) is caused by a homozygous alanine-to-threonine mutation at position 12 (A12T) in barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF). It is characterized by accelerated aging with severe skeletal abnormalities. BAF is an essential protein binding to DNA and nuclear envelope (NE) proteins, involved in NE rupture repair. Here, we assessed the impact of BAF A12T on NE integrity using NGPS-derived patient fibroblasts. We observed a strong defect in lamin A/C accumulation to NE ruptures in NGPS cells, restored upon homozygous reversion of the pathogenic BAF A12T mutation with CRISPR/Cas9. By combining in vitro and cellular assays, we demonstrated that while the A12T mutation does not affect BAF 3D structure and phosphorylation by VRK1, it specifically decreases the interaction between BAF and lamin A/C. Finally, we revealed that the disrupted interaction does not prevent repair of NE ruptures but instead generates weak points in the NE that lead to a higher frequency of NE re-rupturing in NGPS cells. We propose that this NE fragility could directly contribute to the premature aging phenotype in patients.
Structural insights into the dual activities of the two-barrel RNA polymerase QDE-1
Authors: Cui Ruixue , Li Hao , Zhao Jin , Li Xuhang , Gan Jianhua , Ma Jinbiao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Neurospora crassa protein QDE-1, a member of the two-barrel polymerase superfamily, possesses both DNA- and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP and RdRP) activities. The dual activities are essential for the production of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), the precursors of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in N. crassa. Here, we report five complex structures of N-terminal truncated QDE-1 (QDE-1ΔN), representing four different reaction states: DNA/RNA-templated elongation, the de novo initiation of RNA synthesis, the first step of nucleotide condensation during de novo initiation and initial NTP loading. The template strand is aligned by a bridge-helix and double-psi beta-barrels 2 (DPBB2), the RNA product is held by DPBB1 and the slab domain. The DNA template unpairs with the RNA product at position –7, but the RNA template remains paired. The NTP analog coordinates with cations and is precisely positioned at the addition site by a rigid trigger loop and a proline-containing loop in the active center. The unique C-terminal tail from the QDE-1 dimer partner inserts into the substrate-binding cleft and plays regulatory roles in RNA synthesis. Collectively, this work elucidates the conserved mechanisms for DNA/RNA-dependent dual activities by QDE-1 and other two-barrel polymerase superfamily members.