bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prebiotic Foam Environments to Oligomerize and Accumulate RNA
Authors: Tekin Emre , Salditt Annalena , Schwintek Philipp , Wunnava Sreekar , Langlais Juliette , Saenz James , Tang Dora , Schwille Petra , Mast Christof , Braun Dieter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen water interacts with porous rocks, its wetting and surface tension properties create air bubbles in large number. To probe their relevance as a setting for the emergence of life, we microfluidically created foams that were stabilized with lipids. A persistent non‐equilibrium setting was provided by a thermal gradient. The foam's large surface area triggers capillary flows and wet‐dry reactions that accumulate, aggregate and oligomerize RNA, offering a compelling habitat for RNA‐based early life as it offers both wet and dry conditions in direct neighborhood. Lipids were screened to stabilize the foams. The prebiotically more probable myristic acid stabilized foams over many hours. The capillary flow created by the evaporation at the water‐air interface provided an attractive force for molecule localization and selection for molecule size. For example, self‐binding oligonucleotide sequences accumulated and formed micrometer‐sized aggregates which were shuttled between gas bubbles. The wet‐dry cycles at the foam bubble interfaces triggered a non‐enzymatic RNA oligomerization from 2’,3’‐cyclic CMP and GMP which despite the small dry reaction volume was superior to the corresponding dry reaction. The found characteristics make heated foams an interesting, localized setting for early molecular evolution.
Mechanistic Insights into Near Ambient Pressure Activity of Intermetallic NiZn/TiO2 Catalyst for CO2 Conversion to Methanol
Authors: Dongapure Pavan , Tekawadia Jyoti , Thundiyil Shibin , Caha Ihsan , Deepak Francis Leonard , Devi R. Nandini 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNi−Zn pair is predicted through descriptor‐based studies to be conducive for CO2 hydrogenation. In this study, NiZn (1 : 1) intermetallics supported on TiO2 is identified as a potential candidate for near ambient pressure activity. The effect of reduction temperature on the catalyst textural properties as well as on CO2 to methanol reduction are explored. Structural and microscopic studies provide clear evidence of phase evolution of NiZn alloy with increasing reduction temperatures, along with phase variations of Zn based oxides. Interface between NiZn intermetallics and ZnO nanoparticles observed at reduction temperature of 550 °C, seems to play a crucial role in making this system most active and selective to methanol. In addition, in‐situ IR studies provide mechanistic insights and indicates the formation of methanolic species even at ambient pressure.
Three‐Component Perfluoroalkylvinylation of Alkenes Enabled by Dual DBU/Fe Catalysis**
Authors: Tang Lin , Lv Ge , Cheng Ruimin , Yang Fang , Zhou Qiuju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHerein, a simple and efficient strategy that involves dual 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU)/iron‐catalyzed alkene perfluoroalkylvinylation by using perfluoroalkyl iodides and 2‐aminonaphthalene‐1,4‐diones as coupling partners is demonstrated. In terms of the developed catalytic system, various styrenes and aliphatic alkenes are well‐tolerated, leading to the accurate preparation of perfluoroalkyl‐containing 2‐aminonaphthalene‐1,4‐diones in excellent regioselectivity. Moreover, the protocol can be readily applied in late‐stage modifications of natural products and pharmaceuticals. The title reactions are featured by easily accessible and inexpensive catalysts and substrates, broad substrate applicability, and mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal a tandem C−I cleavable alkylation and C−C vinylation enabled by cooperative DBU/iron catalysis.
Total Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Phytotoxic Activity of Foeniculoxin
Authors: Yamagishi Akane , Egoshi Yuki , Fujiwara Makoto T. , Suzuki Noriyuki , Taniguchi Tohru , Itoh Ryuuichi D. , Suzuki Yumiko , Masuyama Yoshiro , Monde Kenji , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFoeniculoxin is a major phytotoxin produced by Italian strains of Phomopsis foeniculi. The first total synthesis is described utilizing the ene reaction and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction as key steps. The absolute configuration of the C6’ was determined using chiral separation and an advanced Mosher's method. The phytotoxicity of the synthesized compound was demonstrated via syringe‐based infiltration into Chenopodium album and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Synthetic foeniculoxin induced various defects in A. thaliana leaf cells before lesion formation, including protein leakage into the cytoplasm from both chloroplasts and mitochondria and mitochondrial rounding and swelling. Furthermore, foeniculoxin and the antibiotic hygromycin B caused similar agglomeration of mitochondria around chloroplasts, highlighting this event as a common component in the early stages of plant cell death.
An optimization study for preventing silica gelation and improving filtration effectiveness during pH reduction of high concentration silica solutions
Authors: Rao Saheli , Murugan Sivanesh , Achari Gopal , Perdicakis Basil , Mehrotra Anil K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe steam generation processes at the steam‐assisted gravity drainage facilities result in huge quantities of wastewater streams, which are characterized by high pH and high silica levels. These concentrated streams need to be neutralized before their disposal via down‐hole injection. The neutralization of these high‐pH brines results in the formation of a gel‐like substance, which makes it difficult to filter the amorphous silica gel. The wastewater used in this study was synthetically prepared using sodium metasilicate to mimic high‐concentration silica solutions. Our experiments did not show any advantage of a two‐step pH‐neutralization process over the single‐step process for suppressing silica gelation. A systematic experimental campaign was undertaken to investigate the effects of SiO2 concentration, NaCl:SiO2 ratio, and pH on the residual silica concentration, percent silica removal, filtration rate, and filtration effectiveness. For NaCl:SiO2 ratios higher than 4.5, silica precipitation during pH reduction did not lead to the formation of gel or sol. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Doehlert design of experiments, was implemented to optimize the responses and provide high efficacy with fewer experiments. The results from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyses of the experimental data were used to evaluate the significance of each term in the quadratic model. 3D response surfaces and 2D contour plots were generated for determining the optimal ranges of independent factors for achieving the maximum silica removal, the highest filtration rate, the best filtration effectiveness, and the minimum residual silica concentration. An optimum operating region was established from the RSM analysis and overlay plot.
Prodrugs of the Archetypal Dynamin Inhibitor Bis‐T‐22
Authors: Odell Luke R. , Robertson Mark J , Young Kelly A , McGeachie Andrew B. , Quan Annie , Robinson Phillip J. , McCluskey Adam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Bis‐T series of compounds comprise some of the most potent inhibitors of dynamin GTPase activity yet reported, e. g., (2E,2′E)‐N,N′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(2‐cyano‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)acrylamide) (2), Bis‐T‐22. The catechol moieties are believed to limit cell permeability, rendering these compounds largely inactive in cells. To solve this problem, a prodrug strategy was envisaged and eight ester analogues were synthesised. The shortest and bulkiest esters (acetate and butyl/tert‐butyl) were found to be insoluble under physiological conditions, whilst the remaining five were soluble and stable under these conditions. These five were analysed for plasma stability and half‐lives ranged from ∼2.3 min (propionic ester 4), increasing with size and bulk, to greater than 24 hr (dimethyl carbamate 10). Similar profiles where observed with the rate of formation of Bis‐T‐22 with half‐lives ranging from ∼25 mins (propionic ester 4). Propionic ester 4 was chosen to undergo further testing and was found to inhibit endocytosis in a dose‐dependent manner with IC50 ∼8 μM, suggesting this compound is able to effectively cross the cell membrane where it is rapidly hydrolysed to the desired Bis‐T‐22 parent compound.
Human cortical amygdala dendrites and spines morphology under open‐source three‐dimensional reconstruction procedures
Authors: Guerra Kétlyn T. Knak , Renner Josué , Vásquez Carlos E. , Rasia‐Filho Alberto A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVisualizing nerve cells has been fundamental for the systematic description of brain structure and function in humans and other species. Different approaches aimed to unravel the morphological features of neuron types and diversity. The inherent complexity of the human nervous tissue and the need for proper histological processing have made studying human dendrites and spines challenging in postmortem samples. In this study, we used Golgi data and open‐source software for 3D image reconstruction of human neurons from the cortical amygdaloid nucleus to show different dendrites and pleomorphic spines at different angles. Procedures required minimal equipment and generated high‐quality images for differently shaped cells. We used the “single‐section” Golgi method adapted for the human brain to engender 3D reconstructed images of the neuronal cell body and the dendritic ramification by adopting a neuronal tracing procedure. In addition, we elaborated 3D reconstructions to visualize heterogeneous dendritic spines using a supervised machine learning‐based algorithm for image segmentation. These tools provided an additional upgrade and enhanced visual display of information related to the spatial orientation of dendritic branches and for dendritic spines of varied sizes and shapes in these human subcortical neurons. This same approach can be adapted for other techniques, areas of the central or peripheral nervous system, and comparative analysis between species.
On‐Surface‐Assembled Single‐Layer Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Extended Conjugation
Authors: Liu Jing , Lin Nian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle‐layer metal‐organic frameworks with extended conjugation (SL‐cMOFs) exhibit electronic bands that lead to high conductivity or non‐trivial quantum phases. Experimental realization of SL‐cMOFs has been demonstrated using on‐surface coordination self‐assembly. The tunability and adaptability of coordination assembly offers rich opportunities for designing and fabricating SL‐cMOFs with various geometric characteristics. In this Review, we discuss the recent experimental advances in on‐surface synthesis of SL‐cMOFs and characterization of their band structures. Special attention has been paid to the MOFs featuring Kagome lattices. Starting from the general principles of their structural design, the SL‐cMOFs recently achieved via on‐surface coordination self‐assembly are subsequently divided into three categories, that is, M3L2, M2L3, and M3L MOFs (M for metal and L for ligand), and the corresponding works are overviewed. The current challenges and prospective directions are also discussed.
Solvated Structure of Hybrid Tetraglyme‐Aqueous Electrolyte Dissolving High‐Concentration LiTFSI‐LiFSI for Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Dengyao , Li Huan , Shen Xiaofeng , Watanabe Motonori , Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe solvated structure of a highly concentrated hybrid tetraglyme (G4)‐water electrolyte was studied for an increasing cycle stability and performance of a KS6 used dual‐ion battery. Hybrid solvent of G4 and water with a weight ratio of 2 to 8 was able to dissolve 9LiFSI‐1LiTFSI supporting salts up to 37 mol kg−1 (37 mol kg−1 G2W8). In spite of such high concentration of supporting salts, reasonable charge and discharge performance of dual‐ion battery (discharge capacity of ≈40 mAh g−1 and coulombic efficiency of 90 %) were exhibited over 300 cycles. This was attributed to the decreased hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) potential to −1.05 V vs. Ag/AgCl by addition of G4. From Fourier‐transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Raman spectroscopies, G4 molecules were more strongly coordinated to Li+ to form ion pairs of [Li(G4)x(H2O)y]+ complex in hybrid G4‐water electrolyte. Co‐intercalation of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−) into graphitic carbon KS6 cathode was confirmed in hybrid aqueous electrolyte.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics analysis of human globus pallidus from progressive supranuclear palsy patients discovers multiple disease pathways
Authors: Jang Yura , Thuraisamy Thujitha , Redding‐Ochoa Javier , Pletnikova Olga , Troncoso Juan C. , Zhang Zhen , Rosenthal Liana S. , Dawson Ted M. , Pantelyat Alexander Y. , Na Chan Hyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by progressive postural instability, supranuclear gaze palsy, parkinsonism, and cognitive decline caused by degeneration in specific areas of the brain including globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. However, the pathogenetic mechanism of PSP remains unclear to date.Unbiased global proteome analysis of patients' brain samples is an important step toward understanding PSP pathogenesis, as proteins serve as workhorses and building blocks of the cell.MethodsIn this study, we conducted unbiased mass spectrometry‐based global proteome analysis of GP samples from 15 PSP patients, 15 Parkinson disease (PD) patients, and 15 healthy control (HC) individuals. To analyze 45 samples, we conducted 5 batches of 11‐plex isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based multiplexing experiments. The identified proteins were subjected to statistical analysis, such as a permutation‐based statistical analysis in the significance analysis of microarray (SAM) method and bootstrap receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)‐based statistical analysis. Subsequently, we conducted bioinformatics analyses using gene set enrichment analysis, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA).ResultsWe have identified 10,231 proteins with ∼1,000 differentially expressed proteins. The gene set enrichment analysis results showed that the PD pathway was the most highly enriched, followed by pathways for oxidative phosphorylation, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) when PSP was compared to HC or PD. Most of the proteins enriched in the gene set enrichment analysis were mitochondrial proteins such as cytochrome c oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase, acyl carrier protein, succinate dehydrogenase, ADP/ATP translocase, cytochrome b‐c1 complex, and/or ATP synthase. Strikingly, all of the enriched mitochondrial proteins in the PD pathway were downregulated in PSP compared to both HC and PD. The subsequent STRING PPI analysis and the WGCNA further supported that the mitochondrial proteins were the most highly enriched in PSP.ConclusionOur study showed that the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complex was the key proteins that were dysregulated in GP of PSP, suggesting that the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complex could potentially be involved in the pathogenesis of PSP. This is the first global proteome analysis of human GP from PSP patients, and this study paves the way to understanding the mechanistic pathogenesis of PSP.
B3 thymoma mimicking poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Diagnostic pitfalls of anterior mediastinal mass fine needle aspiration
Authors: Bartels Anne , Bykowski Julie , Brumund Kevin , Pezhouh Maryam , Vavinskaya Vera , Lin Grace , Hasteh Farnaz , Hu Jingjing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractB3 thymoma is a rare malignant type of thymic epithelial neoplasm found in the anterior mediastinum. Diagnosis of thymoma from fine needle aspiration (FNA) can be challenging due to the infrequency of sampling and its morphologic overlap with other entities such as squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma or thyroid carcinoma. We report a case of B3 thymoma mimicking poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We present its diagnostic pitfalls on cytology specimens, especially where it concerns identifying the correct location of the lesion, discuss the differential diagnosis, and correlation with the corresponding surgical resection specimen. A neck computed tomography angiogram (CTA) revealed a partially calcified 2.1 cm mass inferior to the left thyroid lobe in a 51 yr old woman being evaluated for stroke/TIA symptoms. She was referred for evaluation of the lesion. On the initial FNA and core needle biopsy, the lesion showed high‐grade epithelioid cells with abundant lymphocytic infiltration and occasional necrosis, and was diagnosed as a high‐grade carcinoma, favored to represent a poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma considering the location on imaging. The patient subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection, and thymectomy. Final surgical pathologic diagnosis indicated a type B3 thymoma. Due to the infrequency of sampling, thymoma poses a diagnostic challenge on preoperative FNA or core needle biopsy. Herein, we present a case of B3 thymoma with a preoperative cytologic specimen that consisted of hyperchromatic sheets of epithelioid tumor cells with a background of lymphocytes without definitive follicular cells or colloid. The core needle biopsy and cell block material showed abundant necrosis, intermixed lymphocytes and neoplastic epithelial cells with strong positive staining for pan‐keratin and p40. The cytology and core needle biopsy material were interpreted as representing a probable thyroid neoplasm and raised a broad differential including anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma with squamous features, metastatic squamous carcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma to a lymph node. The final surgical resection specimen showed a B3 type‐thymoma.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on eating disorders diagnoses among adolescents and young adults in Catalonia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Raventós Berta , Abellan Alicia , Pistillo Andrea , Reyes Carlen , Burn Edward , Duarte‐Salles Talita 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on trends in incidence rates (IR) of diagnoses of eating disorders (ED) among adolescents and young adults.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study using primary care records of people aged 10–24 years between January, 2016 and December, 2021 in Catalonia, Spain. IRs were calculated monthly and grouped by the different stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Catalonia: (1) the pre‐lockdown (January, 2016–February, 2020), (2) lockdown (March–June, 2020) and, (3) post‐lockdown (July, 2020–December, 2021) periods. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) relative to the corresponding periods in 2018–2019 were calculated.ResultsA total of 1,179,009 individuals were included. The IR was 9.2 per 100,000 person‐months (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 8.9–9.5) during the pre‐lockdown period. It decreased during the lockdown period (6.3 per 100,000 person‐months [5.5–7.3]), but substantially increased during the following period (19.4. per 100,000 person‐months [18.7–20.1]). While large reductions in IRs were observed for both sexes during the lockdown period (IRR 95% CI: 0.65 [0.54–0.78] in females and 0.46 [0.29–0.71] in males), substantial increases during the post‐lockdown period were limited to females, and were particularly pronounced among those aged 10–14 and 15–19 years (2.50 [2.23–2.80] and 2.29 [2.07–2.54], respectively).DiscussionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a substantial increase in ED diagnoses, primarily driven by higher rates among adolescent females.Public SignificanceThis population‐based cohort study demonstrated a substantial increase in incidence rates of eating disorders in primary care following the end of lockdown in Catalonia, Spain, with adolescent girls seen to be most affected.
Electrochemical Determination of Tartrazine in Foods by Voltammetry with a Screen‐printed Carbon/Chitosan‐MnO2 Microcomposite Electrode
Authors: Nagles Edgar , Hurtado John J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new application for a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with chitosan (Cs) and manganese oxide (II). This new electrode (Cs‐MnOX/SPCE) was applied in the detection of tartrazine (TZ) by linear scan voltammetry (LSV). The anodic peak current for TZ increased by nearly 500 % compared with Cs/SPCE and unmodified SPCE. The surface of the electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The detection limit was 0.06 μmol/L. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 1.0 and 6.0 % (n=15). The accuracy of the new method was evaluated with real samples spiked with known quantities of TZ.
Size distribution analysis of residual host cell DNA fragments in lentivirus by CGE‐LIF
Authors: Wang Wentao , Gao Tie , Luo Ji , Guo Lihai , Li Xiang , Li Yan , Chen Hongxu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring the production of cell and gene therapy products, residual host cell DNA (HCD) could cause safety risks of the biological products, and the longer the residual HCD fragment, the greater the risk to the human body. For this reason, it was necessary to develop an effective method for the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments with high accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, capillary gel electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detector (CGE‐LIF) was used to analyze the size distribution of residual HCD fragments in lentivirus products. The results confirmed that lentiviral RNA genome could interfere with the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments. By optimizing the amount of RNase I and digestion time in sample pretreatment process, the interfere of RNA genome could be avoided. The specificity, precision, accuracy, linear range, the detection of limit (LOD), and the quantification of limit (LOQ) of CGE‐LIF method were also validated. The results showed that the CGE‐LIF method had a good performance both in terms of specificity and reproducibility. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations of migration time and corrected peak area were all less than 1% and 2%, respectively. The 200 bp DNA marker had a good linearity between 50 and 1000 pg/ml. The LOD and LOQ of 200 bp DNA marker were 2.59 and 8.64 pg/ml, respectively. In addition, this method was successfully used to analyze the size distribution analysis of residual HCD fragments in lentivirus products with different production processes.