bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation on as-cast microstructure and homogenization of nickel base superalloy René 65
Authors: Shui Lang , Fu Jianhui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nickel base superalloy René 65 is a cast-wrought derivative of René 88DT. Lower cost and comparable physical properties allow René 65 to serve as a promising candidate material for turbine disks in next-generation aeroengines. The cast-wrought route leads to significant segregation of solute elements during solidification of René 65, which should be reduced by a proper homogenization scheme. We use René 65 samples from a Ø 450 mm electros-slag remelting ingot (sample Disk I) and a Ø 250 mm pilot vacuum arc remelting ingot (sample Disk II) to investigate as-cast microstructure and homogenization schemes of the alloy. It is discovered that γ–γ′ eutectic phase, borides–carbides, and TiN are the major precipitated phases in as-cast René 65 and Ti, Nb, Mo, and W are the critically segregated elements. The temperature too high to homogenize René 65 is found to be ≥1,190°C due to defect generation and straightening grain boundaries, whereas 1,140°C is too low due to undissolving γ–γ′ eutectic phase. The acceptable temperature among the selected temperatures is found to be 1,160°C. Thermal compression using homogenized samples reveals that in Disk II 1,160°C for 50 h provides the lowest flow stress. Estimation based on kinetics predicts that the equivalent deformation effect in Disk I is obtained at 1,160°C for 82 h.
Reaction engineering of continuous crystallization of β-ammonium tetramolybdate in concentric structure reactor and its application
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Li Zhichao , Zhao Zhongwei , Liu Xuheng , Chen Xingyu , He Lihua , Sun Fenglong , Chen Ailiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
β-ammonium tetramolybdate [β-(NH4)2Mo4O13] is an important product of molybdenum metallurgy because of its uniform crystal structure and excellent thermal stability. The yield of molybdenum strip produced with β-(NH4)2Mo4O13 as raw material and various processing properties have been significantly improved. However, the crystallization process of β-(NH4)2Mo4O13 is very complex, including neutralization, polymerization, nucleation, and crystal growth stages, resulting in a variety of polymerization morphology. In this work, a concentric structure reactor was used to segment these stages with directional regulation of each stage. Residence time distribution (RTD) was used to evaluate the simulation of flow field characteristics in the concentric structure reactor. Determination of the influence of inlet-outlet positions, size and position of paddle, and baffle setting on the fluid behavior in a single tank suggested measures to improve the abnormal flow condition and reduce the dead zone volume fraction. In the concentric structure reactor, the dead zone volume fraction was only 2.36% when the clapboards were arranged alternately in an up-down design, using an inlet flow rate of 100 mL/min. β-(NH4)2Mo4O13 was prepared continuously by adding aqueous ammonia and product slurry for crystallization in the concentric structure reactor.
Bad data identification and fault diagnosis of smart substation based on secondary system information redundancy
Authors: Meng Lingwen , Xi Yu , Zhang Ruifeng , Yu Li , Jiang Wenhui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSecondary system is an important link that affects the reliable operation of power system. However, the current improvement measures for accurate data acquisition and reliable operation in secondary systems are mainly concentrated at the equipment level. The solution at the equipment level not only increases the complexity of the system, but also can only optimize a single link or problem, which is difficult to improve the overall system level. In order to enhance the information accuracy, operation and maintenance precision and operation reliability of smart substation secondary system, this paper proposes bad data identification and fault diagnosis methods based on secondary system information redundancy. Firstly, according to the analysis of secondary information redundancy, this paper constructs the data information redundancy model of the smart substation secondary system. Then the data information state estimation method based on the least square method and the bad data identification method based on the information redundancy are proposed. Finally, case analysis is carried out to verify that the proposed method can effectively increase the information accuracy of smart substation, which also provides new research route and foundations for secondary system fault diagnosis.
Mechanical properties of quenched and tempered steel welds
Authors: Uzunali Umut Yaşar , Cuvalcı Hamdullah , Atmaca Barbaros , Demir Serhat , Özkaya Serdar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Welding is the most commonly used joining process in the industry. Generally, weld zone consists of three different regions such as base metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM). Microstructure of HAZ and WM changes due to the heat effects after the welding process. These effects cause changes in mechanical properties such as Young modulus, tensile strength and hardness in weld zone. The aim of this paper is to identify the mechanical properties of weld zone by uni-axial tensile test, nanoindentation test and hardness test. For this aim, quenched and tempered steel plates were chosen as a test material having high strength. These plates were welded together by flux-cored arc welding method. To determine the effect of weld pass number on the mechanical properties, the weld was completed in single and multi-pass (MP) butt welds separately. For experiments, tensile test specimens were cut by plasma cutting method according to related standard on welded plates. These specimens were subjected to three different post weld heat treatments (PWHT) such as 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C to evaluate the hardness change in HAZ. The effect of weld-pass number and PWHT on mechanical properties such as Young modulus, tensile strength and hardness were obtained from WM and HAZ by uni-axial tensile test and nanoindentation test and compared to each other. The yield and ultimate tensile strength of weld zone of welded tensile test specimens (WTTS)-2 is lower than WTTS-1 due to MP welding process. Furthermore, the strain behaviour of weld zone is not affected by PWHT significantly.
Transferability of ANN-generated parameter sets from welding tracks to 3D-geometries in Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Marko Angelina , Bähring Stefan , Raute Julius , Biegler Max , Rethmeier Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Directed energy deposition (DED) has been in industrial use as a coating process for many years. Modern applications include the repair of existing components and additive manufacturing. The main advantages of DED are high deposition rates and low energy input. However, the process is influenced by a variety of parameters affecting the component quality. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer the possibility of mapping complex processes such as DED. They can serve as a tool for predicting optimal process parameters and quality characteristics. Previous research only refers to weld beads: a transferability to additively manufactured three-dimensional components has not been investigated. In the context of this work, an ANN is generated based on 86 weld beads. Quality categories (poor, medium, and good) are chosen as target variables to combine several quality features. The applicability of this categorization compared to conventional characteristics is discussed in detail. The ANN predicts the quality category of weld beads with an average accuracy of 81.5%. Two randomly generated parameter sets predicted as “good” by the network are then used to build tracks, coatings, walls, and cubes. It is shown that ANN trained with weld beads are suitable for complex parameter predictions in a limited way.
Effect of heat treatment on the properties of plasma arc welded TRIP800 steel
Authors: Karaoğlu Büşra , Kaçar Ramazan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, the effect of heat treatment applied at various temperatures on the properties of plasma arc welded TRIP800 steel has been examined extensively. For this purpose, the low temperature heat treatment was carried out at −50, −20, and 0 °C for 2 h on a set of welded samples. Moreover, the heat treatment process was also applied for 2 h at various temperatures (i.e., 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, and 1000 °C) for another group of plasma arc welded TRIP800 steels. In addition, the properties of a set of samples without any heat treatment were determined in as-welded condition for a comparison. The mechanical properties of all samples were determined, and microstructures of samples were evaluated. As a result, the low temperature heat treatment applied at the specified temperatures did not have a significant effect on the ultimate tensile strength, and ductility of the joint but affected the yield strength positively. Besides, the ultimate tensile strength of heat treated samples also diminished with increasing processing temperature. It was found that the yield strength of the heat treatment applied samples showed an increase up to 500 °C, while the samples tested at 500 and 600 °C showed pronounced yielding behavior.
The interaction between predictability and pre-boundary lengthening on syllable duration in Taiwan Southern Min
Authors: Wang Sheng-Fu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigated how predictability and prosodic phrasing interact in accounting for the variability of syllable duration in Taiwan Southern Min. Speech data were extracted from 8 hours of spontaneous speech. Three predictability measurements were examined: bigram surprisal, bigram informativity, and lexical frequency. Results showed that higher informativity and surprisal led to longer syllables. As for the interaction with prosodic positions, there was a general weakening of predictability effects for syllables closer to the boundary, especially in the pre-boundary position, where pre-boundary lengthening was the strongest. However, the effect of word informativity appeared to be least modulated by this effect of boundary marking. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that prosodic structure modulates the predictability effects on phonetic variability. The robustness of informativity in predicting syllable duration also suggests a possibility of stored phonetic variants associated with a word's usual contextual predictability.
CARTOGRAFAR MAPAS
Authors: Camargo Marina , Beltrame dos Santos Taís 
Published: November 2022

Marina Camargo é natural de Maceió, mas estudou em Porto Alegre, onde concluiu bacharelado e mestrado em Artes Visuais no Instituto de Artes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Desde os anos iniciais, suas pesquisas estiveram marcadas por uma noção expandida de desenho, na qual imagem e pensamento se constituem mutuamente e, assim, estruturam o próprio processo de trabalho. Questões relacionadas a  cartografia começaram a interessá-la durante o período em que viveu em Barcelona (onde estudou Cultura Visual na Universitat de Barcelona, Espanha), a partir de quando o sentido de deslocamento físico passou a ser recorrente em seus trabalhos. Em 2010, Marina Camargo recebeu uma bolsa do DAAD para estudar com Peter Kogler na Akademie der Bildenden Künste em Munique (Alemanha), onde posteriormente concluiu sua formação. Durante esse período, seu trabalho voltou-se para questões relacionadas a lugares específicos, explorando dimensões diversas da paisagem e da representação dos lugares. Atualmente vive em Porto Alegre e Berlim.
Mammalian CDC14 phosphatases control exit from stemness in pluripotent cells
Authors: Villarroya‐Beltri Carolina , Martins Ana Filipa B , García Alejandro , Giménez Daniel , Zarzuela Eduardo , Novo Mónica , del Álamo Cristina , González‐Martínez José , Bonel‐Pérez Gloria C , Díaz Irene , Guillamot María , Chiesa Massimo , Losada Ana , Graña‐Castro Osvaldo , Rovira Meritxell , Muñoz Javier , Salazar‐Roa María , Malumbres Marcos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaintenance of stemness is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation through protein phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs). However, how this process is reversed during differentiation is unknown. We report here that exit from stemness and differentiation of pluripotent cells along the neural lineage are controlled by CDC14, a CDK‐counteracting phosphatase whose function in mammals remains obscure. Lack of the two CDC14 family members, CDC14A and CDC14B, results in deficient development of the neural system in the mouse and impairs neural differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mechanistically, CDC14 directly dephosphorylates specific proline‐directed Ser/Thr residues of undifferentiated embryonic transcription Factor 1 (UTF1) during the exit from stemness, triggering its proteasome‐dependent degradation. Multiomic single‐cell analysis of transcription and chromatin accessibility in differentiating ESCs suggests that increased UTF1 levels in the absence of CDC14 prevent the proper firing of bivalent promoters required for differentiation. CDC14 phosphatases are dispensable for mitotic exit, suggesting that CDC14 phosphatases have evolved to control stemness rather than cell cycle exit and establish the CDK‐CDC14 axis as a critical molecular switch for linking cell cycle regulation and self‐renewal.
Discrete RNA–DNA hybrid cleavage by the EXD2 exonuclease pinpoints two rate‐limiting steps
Authors: Jia Xinshuo , Li Yanan , Wang Teng , Bi Lulu , Guo Lijuan , Chen Ziting , Zhang Xia , Ye Shasha , Chen Jia , Yang Bei , Sun Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEXD2 is a recently identified exonuclease that cleaves RNA and DNA in double‐stranded (ds) forms. It thus serves as a model system for investigating the similarities and discrepancies between exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities and for understanding the nucleic acid (NA) unwinding‐degradation coordination of an exonuclease. Here, using a single‐molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) approach, we show that despite stable binding to both substrates, EXD2 barely cleaves dsDNA and yet displays both exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities toward RNA–DNA hybrids with a cleavage preference for RNA. Unexpectedly, EXD2‐mediated hybrid cleavage proceeds in a discrete stepwise pattern, wherein a sudden 4‐bp duplex unwinding increment and the subsequent dwell constitute a complete hydrolysis cycle. The relatively weak exodeoxyribonuclease activity of EXD2 partially originates from frequent hybrid rewinding. Importantly, kinetic analysis and comparison of the dwell times under varied conditions reveal two rate‐limiting steps of hybrid unwinding and nucleotide excision. Overall, our findings help better understand the cellular functions of EXD2, and the cyclic coupling between duplex unwinding and exonucleolytic degradation may be generalizable to other exonucleases.
El meme como ágora digital del lenguaje político contemporáneo. El caso del movimiento 21N y 11S en Colombia
Authors: Castiblanco Roldán Andrés Fernando , Wilches Tinjacá Jaime Andrés 
Published: November 2022

El 21 de noviembre de 2019 (21N), Colombia vivió una de las protestas sociales más impactantes de su historia. . La efervescencia de la movilización fue neutralizada por el aislamiento social generado por la Covid-19 y desafiada el 11 de septiembre de 2020 (11S), tras el asesinato de un ciudadano por excesos de la fuerza policial. No obstante, la sociedad civil resistió a las medidas coercitivas de la pandemia y la violencia estatal, con la viralización de memes como expresión sintética, hiperbólica e irónica de la realidad. En esta dirección, el objetivo del artículo, es analizar cómo los memes desde los planos icónico, semántico y humorístico, catalizan la comprensión de las protestas sociales y movilizan una tendencia global a reforzar las críticas al poder político y económico, desde el activismo digital. Se trabaja la metodología del análisis multimodal en con un corpus de 201 memes. Los resultados evidencian cómo el meme transforma un mensaje instantáneo, en prácticas discursivas que critican la acción o inercia de instituciones estatales y privadas. En conclusión, se propone que si bien los memes no son garantía de una transformación de la realidad, sí revitalizan movilizaciones sociales tradicionales que buscan empatía social desde la esfera pública.
Challenges of sustainable agricultural development with special regard to Internet of Things: Survey
Authors: Neményi Miklós , Kovács Attila J. , Oláh Judit , Popp József , Erdei Edina , Harsányi Endre , Ambrus Bálint , Teschner Gergely , Nyéki Anikó 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIf we want to increase the efficiency of precision technologies to create sustainable agriculture, we need to put developments and their application on a new footing; moreover, a general paradigm shift is needed. There is a need to rethink close-at-hand and far-off innovation concepts to further develop precision agriculture, from both an agricultural, landscape, and natural ecosystem sustainability perspective. With this, unnecessary or misdirected developments and innovation chains can be largely avoided. The efficiency of the agrotechnology and the accuracy of yield prediction can be ensured by continuously re-planning during the growing season according to changing conditions (e.g., meteorological) and growing dataset. The aim of the paper is to develop a comprehensive, thought-provoking picture of the potential application of new technologies that can be used in agriculture, primarily in precision technology-based arable field crop production, which emphasizes the importance of continuous analysis and optimisation between the production unit and its environment. It should also be noted that the new system contributes to reconciling agricultural productivity and environmental integrity. The study also presents research results that in many respects bring fundamental changes in technical and technological development in field production. The authors believe that treating the subsystems of agriculture, landscape, and natural ecosystem (ALNE) as an integrated unit will create a new academic interdisciplinarity. ICT, emphasizing WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), remote sensing, cloud computing, AI (Artificial Intelligence), economics, sociology, ethics, and the cooperation with young students in education can play a significant role in research. This study treats these disciplines according to sustainability criteria. The goal is to help management fulfil the most important expectation of reducing the vulnerability of the natural ecosystem. The authors believe that this article may be one of the starting points for a new interdisciplinarity, ALNE.
Structure–mechanics relationship of hybrid polyvinyl alcohol-collagen composite by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhou Junbo , Qin Zhao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that can be used to make hydrogels for biomedical applications as well as biodegradable bags and films; however, compared to other plastics currently used for containers, it lacks mechanical strength, thermal stability, and can easily absorb water from humid environments. Although mechanical improvement has been observed by blending PVA with collagen in a hybrid hydrogel, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanism, and it is not clear whether the improvement is limited to a hydrated state. Here, using classical molecular dynamics simulations based on fully atomistic models, we develop the equilibrated molecular structure of PVA with collagen and characterize its mechanics. We show that by interacting with a collagen molecule, PVA is equilibrated to a more ordered structure with each residue interacting with the near neighbors by forming more hydrogen bonds locally, making the structure stiffer than pure PVA. The structure shows higher thermal stability before melting, as well as higher rigidity in water. Our results provide the mechanism of the mechanical advantages of hybrid PVA-collagen polymer. The study demonstrates that the structure and mechanics of a synthetic polymer can be tuned by a tiny amount of a natural polymer at the molecular interface. Moreover, it may shed light on identifying a way to improve the mechanics of biodegradable polymer materials without adding much cost, which is crucial for environmental safety.

Impact statement
Blending natural and synthetic polymers (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] and collagen in a hybrid hydrogel) has shown advantages in polymer mechanics, but there is a lack of fundamental understanding. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on fully atomistic models, we develop the equilibrated structure of the PVA with collagen and characterize its mechanics. We show that by interacting with a collagen molecule, PVA is equilibrated to a more ordered structure with each residue interacting with the near neighbors by forming more H-bonds locally and the structure is stiffer than pure PVA. Moreover, the structure shows a higher thermal stability before the melting point of PVA, as well as higher rigidity in water. Our results demonstrate that the structure and mechanics of a synthetic polymer can be tuned by a tiny amount of a natural polymer at the molecular interface. It provides the mechanism of the mechanical advantages as experimentally observed. This study paves the way for the multiscale modeling and mechanical design of the hybrid polymer material. It sheds light on identifying a way to improve the mechanics of biodegradable materials without adding much cost for both material functionality and environmental safety.

Graphical abstract