bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of delirium on the outcome of stroke: a prospective, observational, cohort study
Authors: Rollo Eleonora , Brunetti Valerio , Scala Irene , Callea Antonio , Marotta Jessica , Vollono Catello , Frisullo Giovanni , Broccolini Aldobrando , Calabresi Paolo , Della Marca Giacomo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Delirium is an acute fluctuating disorder of attention and awareness, which often complicates the clinical course of several conditions, including acute stroke. The aim of the present study was to determine whether delirium occurrence impacts the outcome of patients with acute stroke.

Methods
The study design is single center, prospective, observational. We consecutively enrolled patients admitted to the stroke unit from April to October 2020. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years and diagnosis of acute stroke. Exclusion criteria were stroke mimics, coma, and terminal conditions. All patients were screened for delirium upon admission, within 72 h, and whenever symptoms suggesting delirium occurred by means of the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale. Outcomes were evaluated with the 90-days modified Rankin Scale (mRS) by telephone interview.

Results
The final study cohort consisted of 103 patients (62 men; median age 75 years, interquartile range 63–81). Thirty-one patients (30%) developed delirium. In the multivariate ordinal logistic regression, patients with delirium had higher mRS scores at 3 months (DLR + : mRS = 4 (3–6); DLR–: mRS = 1 (1–3); adjusted odds ratio = 4.83; CI = 1.88–12.35; p = 0.006). Delirium was a risk factor for death (mRS = 6) in the univariate logistic regression (OR 4.5, CI = 1.44–14.07; p = 0.010), but not in the adjusted analysis (OR 3.45; CI = 0.66–17.95; p = 0.142). Survival time during 90-days follow-up was shorter in the delirium group (Log Rank χ2 3.89; p = 0.048).

Conclusion
Delirium negatively impacts the prognosis of patients with acute stroke. Patients with post-stroke delirium have a worse functional outcome and a shorter survival.
A systematic review of digital technology to evaluate motor function and disease progression in motor neuron disease
Authors: Beswick Emily , Fawcett Thomas , Hassan Zack , Forbes Deborah , Dakin Rachel , Newton Judith , Abrahams Sharon , Carson Alan , Chandran Siddharthan , Perry David , Pal Suvankar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common subtype of motor neuron disease (MND). The current gold-standard measure of progression is the ALS Functional Rating Scale—Revised (ALS-FRS(R)), a clinician-administered questionnaire providing a composite score on physical functioning. Technology offers a potential alternative for assessing motor progression in both a clinical and research capacity that is more sensitive to detecting smaller changes in function. We reviewed studies evaluating the utility and suitability of these devices to evaluate motor function and disease progression in people with MND (pwMND). We systematically searched Google Scholar, PubMed and EMBASE applying no language or date restrictions. We extracted information on devices used and additional assessments undertaken. Twenty studies, involving 1275 (median 28 and ranging 6–584) pwMND, were included. Sensor type included accelerometers (n = 9), activity monitors (n = 4), smartphone apps (n = 4), gait (n = 3), kinetic sensors (n = 3), electrical impedance myography (n = 1) and dynamometers (n = 2). Seventeen (85%) of studies used the ALS-FRS(R) to evaluate concurrent validity. Participant feedback on device utility was generally positive, where evaluated in 25% of studies. All studies showed initial feasibility, warranting larger longitudinal studies to compare device sensitivity and validity beyond ALS-FRS(R). Risk of bias in the included studies was high, with a large amount of information to determine study quality unclear. Measurement of motor pathology and progression using technology is an emerging, and promising, area of MND research. Further well-powered longitudinal validation studies are needed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in the management of neovascular glaucoma: absence of consensus and variability in practice
Authors: Ramji Saajan , Nagi Gurnoor , Ansari Abdus Samad , Kailani Obeda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is characterised by neovascularisation of the angle and therefore elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This results in progressive optic neuropathy and loss of visual acuity. Treatment aims to reduce IOP in order to prevent optic nerve damage. A systematic review was completed synthesising results from randomised control trials (RCTs) comparing interventions for the management of NVG and their efficacy and safety.

Methods
Data was sourced from Web of Science, Embase and Medline after 1st January 2000. The primary outcome measures were mean IOP at follow-up and success rate. The secondary outcomes included mean IOP lowering medications and total complications. A meta-analysis was completed on comparative studies using Revman (version 5.4).

Results
For the two studies comparing Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) + pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) vs AGV + PRP + intra-vitreal bevacizumab (IVB), there was no difference in mean IOP or odds of success from the meta-analysis. From the 4 studies examining the utilisation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), one study showed lower mean IOP at 1 (p = 0.002) and 3 months (p = 0.033) for IVB vs sham injection. In the 2 studies studying transcleral diode laser (TDL), there were no significant findings. From the 4 studies looking at trabeculectomy (trab), lower mean IOP at 6 (p = 0.001), 9 (p = 0.01), 12 (p = 0.02) and 18 months (p = 0.004) was shown for intra-vitreal ranibizumab (IVR) + PRP + visco-trabeculectomy vs IVR + PRP + trab, and a significantly lower mean IOP was present in the Baerveldt group vs trab at 6 months (p = 0.03). In the 2 studies investigating the AGV, there was a lower mean IOP at 1 month (p = 0.01) in the AGV + triamcinolone (TCA) group. The risk of bias was low for 4 studies, high for 4 studies and 6 studies had some concerns.

Conclusion
This is the first meta-analysis of RCTs in the management of neovascular glaucoma. The lack of high-quality evidence contributes to the lack of consensus in managing NVG. Our results highlight modern treatment strategies and the need for better powered RCTs with long-term follow-up in order to establish optimal treatment modalities and true patient outcomes.
SOX2 expression in the pathogenesis of premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix: its histo-topographical distribution distinguishes between low- and high-grade CIN
Authors: Moshi Jobran M. , Ummelen Monique , Broers Jos L. V. , Smedts Frank , Van de Vijver Koen K. , Cleutjens Jack P. M. , Litjens Rogier J. N. T. M. , Ramaekers Frans C. S. , Hopman Anton H. N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSOX2 expression in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma is increased compared to that in the normal cervical epithelium. However, data on the expression and histological distribution of SOX2 in squamous epithelium during progression of CIN are largely lacking. We studied SOX2 expression throughout the epithelium in 53 cases of CIN1, 2, and 3. In general, SOX2 expression increased and expanded from basal/parabasal to the intermediate/superficial compartment during early stages of progression of CIN. An unexpected, specific expression pattern was found in areas classified as CIN2 and CIN3. This pattern was characterized by the absence or low expression of SOX2 in the basal/parabasal compartment and variable levels in the intermediate and superficial compartments. It was significantly associated with CIN3 (p = 0.009), not found in CIN1 and only seen in part of the CIN2 lesions. When the different patterns were correlated with the genetic make-up and presence of HPV, the CIN3-related pattern contained HPV-positive cells in the basal/parabasal cell compartment that were disomic. This is in contrast to the areas exhibiting the CIN1 and CIN2 related patterns, which frequently exhibited aneusomic cells. Based on their SOX2 localisation pattern, CIN1 and CIN2 could be delineated from CIN3. These data shed new light on the pathogenesis and dynamics of progression in premalignant cervical lesions, as well as on the target cells in the epithelium for HPV infection.
Experimental Investigation of Thermal Strengthening in Sichuan Marble
Authors: Wong Louis Ngai Yuen , Cui Xin , Zhang Yahui , Wu Zhijun , Guo Tianyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well documented that temperatures higher than 400 ℃ can significantly lower rock strength due to thermally induced decomposition and microcracks. However, rock strength increase under temperatures 25–400 ℃ has also been reported. It remains elusive whether thermal strengthening does exist or it is just an illusion caused by rock heterogeneity. To uncover such a mystery, we carried out triaxial compression tests on Sichuan marble under 25–200 ℃. Rock heterogeneity was at a low level and data dispersion was limited in our experiment. We managed to observe a clear trend of strength increase with temperature, justifying the existence of thermal strengthening in Sichuan marble. To unveil the mechanism of thermal strengthening, five factors, as predominant and comprehensive as we could concern, were investigated. After careful examination and analysis, thermal expansion was inferred to be the main reason leading to the thermal strengthening in Sichuan marble. The mechanism may lie in tighter compaction between mineral grains due to thermal expansion. Since thermal expansion is a physical process that can occur in all crystalline rocks upon heating, thermal strengthening holds a high potential to be a general property of crystalline rocks in the moderate temperature range. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to explicitly confirm the existence of thermal strengthening and comprehensively investigate the underlying mechanisms. The findings provide a new understanding of the thermal effect on rock strength, which may aid rock engineering design under a thermo-mechanical coupling working condition.
Epilepsy surgery without lipoma removal for temporal lobe epilepsy associated with lipoma in the Sylvian fissure
Authors: Nomura Kazuki , Suzuki Hiroharu , Iimura Yasushi , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Tamrakar Samantha , Ueda Tetsuya , Nishioka Kazuki , Fusegi Keiko , Tada Mari , Nakajima Madoka , Kakita Akiyoshi , Sugano Hidenori 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEpileptic seizure is the common symptom associated with lipomas in the Sylvian fissure (Sylvian lipomas). Removal of these lipomas carries risks of hemorrhage and brain damage. We report a surgical strategy of not removing the lipoma in a case of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy associated with Sylvian lipoma. We performed anterior temporal lobectomy with preservation of the pia mater of the Sylvian fissure and achieved seizure freedom. Focal cortical dysplasia type 1 of the epileptic neocortex adjacent to the Sylvian lipoma was pathologically diagnosed. We recommend our surgical procedure in similar cases to avoid complications and achieve adequate seizure control.
High molecular diversity of full-length genome sequences of zucchini yellow fleck virus from Europe
Authors: Sareli Kyriaki , Winter Stephan , Chatzivassiliou Elisavet Κ. , Knierim Dennis , Margaria Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractZucchini yellow fleck virus (ZYFV), genus Potyvirus, is the causal agent of a disease of cucurbits. The genome sequences of seven ZYFV isolates of different origin were determined, two of which were reconstructed from a squash (Cucurbita sp.) collected in 2017 in Greece, while the others, accessions from the DSMZ Plant Virus Collection, were from samples collected in Italy, Greece, and France in the 1980s and 1990s. A high level of molecular diversity, well dispersed along the genome, was observed, but this was within the limits for assignment of the virus isolates to the same species. P1 was the most diverse gene, and isolates from squash contained an insertion in this gene.
Exploring groundwater drought responsiveness in lowland post-glacial environments
Authors: Nygren Michelle , Barthel Roland , Allen Diana M. , Giese Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGroundwater drought response to meteorological forcing depends on initial hydrological conditions. This makes it difficult to characterise groundwater droughts and identify the drought vulnerability of aquifers. The objective is to increase the understanding of groundwater memory and response to meteorological forcing in lowland post-glacial environments. Eighty-one groundwater hydrographs are analysed, using the standardised groundwater level index (SGI) and the precipitation index. Memory and response times are assessed using auto- and cross-correlation functions. Response time is estimated by comparing two approaches: (1) the traditional use of the maximum cross-correlation, and (2) the alternative use of the cross-correlation slope. Results are interpreted for different hydrogeological settings. The analysis showed that sand aquifers have the longest memory and response times, particularly in confined settings where the memory could be over 4 years. Silts and tills have relatively short memories and response times, at less than 1 year, though median values for silt are higher than for unconfined sand aquifers. In this study, estimating response time using the correlation slope is superior at capturing the initial response time of groundwater to precipitation. However, the results showed that groundwater anomalies in lowland post-glacial environments are sometimes more influenced by climate teleconnections than concurrent forcing. This emphasises the need for a holistic approach for the characterisation and projection of groundwater drought, as it develops in simultaneous response to meteorological forcing at different timescales.
Proteomics analysis of lysine crotonylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation reveals significant features of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Xie Ting , Dong Jingjing , Zhou Xianqing , Tang Donge , Li Dandan , Chen Jiejing , Chen Yumei , Xu Huixuan , Xue Wen , Liu Dongzhou , Hong Xiaoping , Tang Fang , Yin Lianghong , Dai Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction/objectivesTo seek significant features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by utilizing bioinformatics analysis.MethodLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to quantify lysine crotonylation (Kcr) and lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and normal controls.ResultsSeventy-six differentially modified proteins (DMPs) dually modified by Kcr and Khib were identified between SLE patients and healthy people. GO enrichment analysis prompted significant enrichment of seventy-six DMPs in MHC class II protein complex binding and leukocyte migration. KEGG pathways were enriched in antigen processing and presentation pathway and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway. Six DMPs (CLTC, HSPA1B, HSPA8, HSP90AB1, HSPD1, and PDIA3) were identified in antigen processing and presentation pathway, of which HSPA8 was the core protein. Significant changes of Kcr and Khib in HSPA8 may increase ATP hydrolysis and promote antigen binding to MHC II molecule. In leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway, 7 DMPs (ACTN1, ACTN4, EZR, MSN, RAC1, RHOA, and VCL) were identified. MSN was the protein with the most modification sites in this pathway. In amino terminal ferm region of MSN, Kcr and Khib expression change may lead to the adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells, which was an important step of leukocyte migration.ConclusionKcr and Khib may promote the antigen presentation and jointly regulate the tissue damage mediated by leukocyte migration in SLE patients, which may play key roles in the pathogenesis of SLE probably.Key Points• Antigen processing and presentation and leukocyte transendothelial migration may play key roles in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Thiourea leaching of gold from processed municipal solid waste incineration residues
Authors: Abramov Sergey M. , He Jing , Wimmer Dominik , Muehe E. Marie , Helle Thomas , Thorwarth Harald , Kappler Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncineration is one of the key technologies in disposal of municipal waste, which produces municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues with high valuable metal contents. The recycling strategy for the MSWI residues is typically focused on the recovery of scrap metals yielding processed municipal solid waste incineration residues (PIR) as the main byproduct. However, the PIR still contains valuable metals, particularly gold, which cannot be extracted by conventional methods. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of using the 0.5–2.0 mm grain size fraction of PIR containing 28.82 ± 1.62 mg/kg of gold as raw material for a two-stage extraction process. In the first stage the alkalic fine-grained PIR was acidified with a solution of 20% (v/v) of HCl-containing flue gas cleaning liquid that is obtained by the municipal waste incineration plant itself as a waste product. In the second stage we leached the acidified fine-grained PIR by thiourea with Fe3+ as an oxidant. Application of the thiourea-Fe3+ leaching system resulted in recovery of 16.4 ± 1.56 mg/kg of gold from the fine-grained PIR within 6 h of incubation. Due to high gold market prices, upscaling of the suggested technology can represent a suitable strategy for gold recovery from PIR and other MSWI residues.
Testing for the presence of treatment effect under selection on observables
Authors: Conti Pier Luigi , De Giovanni Livia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe evaluation of the possible effects of a treatment on an outcome plays a central role in both theoretical and applied statistical and econometrical literature. This paper focuses on nonparametric tests for possible difference in the distribution of potential outcomes due to receiving or not receiving a treatment. The approach is based on weighting observed data on the basis on the estimated propensity score. Kolmogorov–Smirnov type and Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney type tests are constructed, and their limiting distributions are studied. Rejection regions are obtained by inverting confidence intervals. This involves the study of appropriate estimators of the limiting variance of test statistics. Approximations of quantiles via subsampling are also considered. The merits of the different tests are studied by Monte Carlo simulation. An application to the construction of tests for stochastic dominance is provided.
Orbit determination of Sentinel-6A using the Galileo high accuracy service test signal
Authors: Hauschild André , Montenbruck Oliver , Steigenberger Peter , Martini Ilaria , Fernandez-Hernandez Ignacio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe High Accuracy Service (HAS) is an upcoming addition to the Galileo service portfolio that offers free correction data for precise point positioning in real-time. Beyond terrestrial and aeronautical applications, precise orbit determination (POD) of satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO) has been proposed as a potential use case for HAS corrections in view of their global availability. Based on HAS data collected during a test campaign in September 2021, the benefit of HAS corrections is assessed for real-time, onboard navigation as well as near real-time POD on the ground using GNSS observations of the Sentinel-6A LEO satellite. Compared to real-time POD using only broadcast ephemerides, performance improvements of about 40%, 10%, and 5% in terms of 3D position error can already be achieved for GPS-only, GPS + Galileo, and Galileo-only navigation. While Galileo processing benefits only moderately from the HAS correction data during the early tests in view of an already excellent Open Service performance, their use is highly advantageous for GPS processing and enables dual-constellation navigation with balanced contributions of both GNSSs for improved robustness. For near real-time offline POD, HAS corrections offer reduced latency or accuracy compared to established ultra-rapid GNSS orbit and clock products as well as independence from external sources.
Umbilical venous catheter- and peripherally inserted central catheter-associated complications in preterm infants with birth weight < 1250 g
Authors: Hess Steffi , Poryo Martin , Böttger Ralf , Franz Axel , Klotz Daniel , Linnemann Knud , Ott Torsten , Pöschl Johannes , Schroth Michael , Stein Anja , Ralser Elisabeth , Reutter Heiko , Thome Ulrich H. , Wieg Christian , Ehrlich Anne , Ruckes Christian , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Zemlin Michael , Papan Cihan , Simon Arne , Bay Johannes , Meyer Sascha 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackground and objectiveUmbilical venous catheters (UVC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are commonly used in preterm infants but have been associated with a number of serious complications. We performed a survey in Austria and Germany to assess the use of UVCs and PICCs in preterm infants with a birth weight < 1250 g and associated rates of catheter-related adverse events.MethodsElectronic survey of participating centers of the NeoVitaA trial. Main outcome parameter was the reported rates of UVC- and PICC-associated complications (infection, thrombosis, emboli, organ injury, arrhythmia, dislocation, miscellaneous).ResultsIn total, 20 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) providing maximal intensive care in Austria and Germany (level I) were contacted, with a senior neonatologist response rate of 12/20 (60%). The reported rates for UVC with a dwell time of 1–10 days were bacterial infection: 4.2 ± 3.4% (range 0–10%); thrombosis: 7.3 ± 7.1% (0–20%); emboli: 0.9 ± 2.0% (0–5%); organ injury: 1.1 ± 1.9% (0–5%); cardiac arrhythmia: 2.2 ± 2.5% (0–5%); and dislocation: 5.4 ± 8.7% (0–30%); and for PICCs with a dwell time of 1–14 days bacterial infection: 15.0 ± 3.4% (range 2.5–30%); thrombosis; 4.3 ± 3.5% (0–10%); emboli: 0.8 ± 1.6% (0–5%); organ injury: 1.5 ± 2.3% (0–5%); cardiac arrhythmia: 1.5 ± 2.3% (0–5%), and dislocation: 8.5 ± 4.6% (0–30%).ConclusionThe catheter-related complication rates reported in this survey differed between UVCs and PICCs and were higher than those reported in the literature. To generate more reliable data on this clinically important issue, we plan to perform a large prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial investigating the non-inferiority of a prolonged UVC dwell time (up to 10 days) against the early change (up to 5 days) to a PICC.
Clinical research review: usefulness of bovine lactoferrin in child health
Authors: Miyakawa Momoko , Oda Hirotsugu , Tanaka Miyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLactoferrin (LF) is abundant in human milk and plays an important role in the health of children. Bovine LF (bLF) has high homology with human LF and has been reported to have multiple biological functions. Several clinical studies have been conducted considering these properties, which reported the usefulness of bLF. This review was aimed to provide an overview of the clinical evidence in children. We searched clinical reports investigating the effects of bLF in children and identified 36 studies on the role of bLF in infections, iron metabolism, body growth, cerebral development, and fecal microbiome. Considering the accumulated evidence, bLF may contribute to the child health, particularly by suppressing or alleviating gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and improving the iron status of children with anemia or those at high risk of anemia. The dose of bLF varies depending on the expected effect and target age, but may not necessarily have to be as high as human LF in human milk. Some of the beneficial effects of bLF have not been fully validated due to limited clinical evidence or being observed in the secondary analysis of some studies. Further clinical evidence would add significant value to the use of bLF in child health.