bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis Using State of the Art Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Balci Salih , Demirci Gozde Merve , Demirhan Hilmi , Sarp Salih 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSentiment analysis is one of the essential and challenging tasks in the Artificial Intelligence field due to the complexity of the languages. Models that use rule-based and machine learning-based techniques have become popular. However, existing models have been under-performing in classifying irony, sarcasm, and subjectivity in the text. In this paper, we aim to deploy and evaluate the performances of the State-of-the-Art machine learning sentiment analysis techniques on a public IMDB dataset. The dataset includes many samples of irony and sarcasm. Long-short term memory (LSTM), bag of tricks (BoT), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and transformer-based models are developed and evaluated. In addition, we have examined the effect of hyper-parameters on the accuracy of the models.
Multi-annual comparisons of summer and under-ice phytoplankton communities of a mountain lake
Authors: Obertegger Ulrike , Flaim Giovanna , Corradini Stefano , Cerasino Leonardo , Zohary Tamar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLittle is known on the dynamics of under-ice phytoplankton communities. We investigated phytoplankton communities in the upper (0–20 m) and lower (30–35 m) layer of oligotrophic Lake Tovel, Brenta Dolomites (Italy) over 6 years during summer and under ice. Winter conditions were different from one year to another with respect to ice thickness and snow cover. Proxies for light transmission (Secchi disc transparency, light attenuation) were similar between seasons, even though the incident solar radiation was lower in winter. Algal richness and chlorophyll-a were not different between seasons while biomass was higher during summer. In four of the 6 years, Bacillariophyta dominated during summer and Miozoa (class Dinophyceae) under ice while in 2 years Bacillariophyta also dominated under ice. Generally, a shift to larger size classes from summer to under ice was observed for Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Ochrophyta (class Chrysophyceae) while Dinophyceae showed the opposite pattern. No strong links between phytoplankton community composition and abiotic factors (under-ice convective mixing, snow on ice, under-ice light) were found. We suggest that inter-species relationships and more precise indicators of under-ice light should be considered to better understand under-ice processes.
Type IV Radio Bursts and Associated Active Regions in Sunspot Cycle 24
Authors: Kumari Anshu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study the association of solar Type IV radio bursts with the location of active regions on the Sun during Solar Cycle 24. The active regions associated with moving and stationary Type IV bursts are categorized as close to disk center and far from disk center, based on their location on the solar surface (i.e. $\leq 45^{\circ}$
≤

45
∘

or $\geq 45^{\circ}$
≥

45
∘

, respectively). The location of active regions associated with Type IV bursts accompanied with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are also studied. We found that ≈ 30 – 40% of the active regions are located far from disk center for all the bursts. However, it is found that most of the active regions associated with stationary Type IV bursts are close to disk center (≈ 60 – 70%). The active regions associated with moving Type IV bursts are more evenly distributed across the surface, i.e. $\approx 56 \%$
≈
56
%
and $\approx 44 \%$
≈
44
%
, close to disk center and far from disk center, respectively. The fact that most of the bursts have active regions close to disk center indicates that these bursts can be used to obtain physical properties such as electron density and magnetic fields of the CMEs responsible for geomagnetic storms.
How Does an Authoritarian State Co-opt Its Social Scientists Studying Civil Society?
Authors: Ma Ji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhat channels can an authoritarian state employ to steer social science research towards topics preferred by the regime? I researched the Chinese coauthor network of civil society studies, examining 14,088 researchers and their peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1998 and 2018. Models with individual and time fixed-effects reveal that scholars at the center of the network closely follow the narratives of the state’s policy plans and could serve as effective state agents. However, those academics who connect different intellectual communities tend to pursue novel ideas deviating from the official narratives. Funding is an ineffective direct means for co-opting individual scholars, possibly because it is routed through institutions. Combining these findings, this study proposes a preliminary formation ofauthoritarian knowledge regimethat consists of (1) the state’s official narrative, (2) institutionalized state sponsorship, (3) co-opted intellectuals centrally embedded in scholarly networks, and (4) intellectual brokers as sources of novel ideas.
Congenital Splenic Cyst; Video Case Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Mutlu Sütcüoğlu Bengü , Karabacak Onur 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCongenital splenic cysts have been reported to usually regress spontaneously within a few months postnatally. A splenic cyst was detected in the ultrasonography of a 27-year-old pregnant woman at her 34th week of gestation. The size of the splenic cyst remained constant in the follow-up of the patient. In the ultrasonography performed in the postnatal 1st year, it was determined that the cyst persisted and remained the same size. There is no algorithm for the follow up of cysts in the literature, and information about congenital splenic cysts will be presented in this case report and review.
La pandemia diabete in Italia
Authors: Bonora Enzo 
Published: July 2022

SommarioIn Italia vivono circa 4 milioni di persone con il diabete e ogni anno ci sono circa 350 mila nuove diagnosi. Le persone con diabete ricevono prescrizioni di farmaci, esami di laboratorio e strumentali e richiedono ricoveri ospedalieri più spesso delle persone senza il diabete. Il diabete è gravato da aumentata mortalità e accorcia la vita, soprattutto nelle persone di media età. La qualità della cura nelle persone con diabete è subottimale, soprattutto fra chi non è assistito nei centri diabetologici (che, peraltro, rappresentano dei luoghi “salvavita”). Il diabete contribuisce fortemente alla spesa sanitaria e comporta ingenti spese, non tutte specificamente sanitarie. Nonostante tutto questo e nonostante leggi nazionali e regionali, documenti di indirizzo nazionali e regionali, PDTA regionali e locali, promesse e proponimenti di varia provenienza, la pandemia diabete non riceve le attenzioni che merita.
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Southwestern Ontario: A Growing List of Mutations
Authors: McDonald Heather M. , Sadikovic Bekim , Sheldon Claire A. , Bursztyn Lulu L.C.D. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare but bilaterally blinding disease. Three characteristic disease-causing point mutations, and other less common mutations, are most often found on the mitochondrially encoded genes of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunits (MT-ND). The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of LHON mutations in Southwestern Ontario and to describe the associated demographic and clinical characteristics.Methods:A retrospective genetic and clinical chart review was performed from January 2015 to 2020. Patients were identified within a mitochondrial mutation database and included if a mutation was detected on the MT-ND1, -ND4, or -ND6 genes. A clinical chart review was done on all available patients.Results:Forty-five of 63 patients identified had classic disease-causing mutations (6.7% m.3460G>A, 44.4% m.11778G>A, and 48.9% m.14484T>C). Several of the remaining 18 patients had rare mutations previously documented in association with LHON. Of the 14 patients with clinical charts accessible for review, 12 had symptomatic disease, and all but one had bilateral optic neuropathies. Nine patients had classic LHON mutations and 3 had possible novel mutations; 7 were males; 9 had final visual acuity ≤ 20/200 in at least one eye; and 6 of those had ≤20/400 in both eyes.Conclusions:This study adds to the literature on LHON in Canada, and specifically Southwestern Ontario. The demographic and clinical data regarding LHON in this geographic location, as well as possible novel disease-causing mutations, provide important information to aid clinicians in recognizing cases of LHON that may otherwise be disregarded.
Freedom of Commercial Expression and Public Health Protection at the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Dzehtsiarou Kanstantsin , Garde Amandine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis contribution considers the case law of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and focuses on the extent to which the Contracting Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) can regulate the tobacco, alcohol, and food industries in a manner compatible with their ECHR obligations. After briefly presenting the two key cases dealing specifically with tobacco advertising, this contribution considers the main factors that the ECtHR takes into account when balancing competing concerns, and in particular freedom of commercial expression and public health protection. It concludes that none of these factors is absolute, as the Court considers the strength of each one of them on the facts of each case. Nevertheless, it is clear from its case law that States have a wide margin of appreciation to regulate marketing practices that are inimical to public health and the prevention of non-communicable diseases more specifically, to the extent that even extensive advertising restrictions can be compatible with Article 10 of the ECHR.
Optimizing Ethics Engagement in Research: Learning from the Ethical Complexities of Studying Opioid Use in Pregnancy
Authors: Shah Seema K. , Gross Marielle , Nebeker Camille 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch on opioid use in pregnancy is critically important to understand how the opioid epidemic has affected a generation of children, but also raises significant ethical and legal challenges. Embedded ethicists can help to fill the gaps in ethics oversight for such research, but further guidance is needed to help strike the balance between integration and independence.
COVID-19 Law Lab: Building Strong Legal Evidence
Authors: Aneja Kashish , Ginsbach Katherine , Gottschalk Katie , Halabi Sam , Nardi Francesca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 Law Lab platform enables quantitative representation of epidemic law and policies in a given country for multiple years, enabling governments and researchers to compare countries, and learn about the impacts and drivers of policy choices. The Law Lab initiative is designed to address the urgent need for quality legal information to support the study of how law and policy can be used to effectively manage this, and future, pandemic(s).
The role of CFD in aerodynamics, off-design
Authors: Spalart P. R. , Bogue D. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe discuss the status, trends and long-term ambitions of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) when applied away from the design point or concept, and therefore in the historically weak areas of CFD. This includes both undesirable flight conditions, such as stall, and undesirable products of the flow, such as noise. All pose the great challenge of turbulence, and accuracy is as dependent on the ideas behind the turbulence treatment as it is on computing power. A measured shift from Reynolds-averaged representations to large-eddy simulations will take place. Empiricism, both turbulence and engineering related, will recede only step by step over many years. Yet, CFD will make full use of every increase in computer power of this century. Increasingly, CFD will compete with flight tests, not just with wind tunnels, and will be validated by flight tests. Integration with other disciplines will allow us to predict crucial phenomena such as flutter, sonic fatigue, and pilot-induced oscillations. A gap will remain at any time between the phenomena amenable to a ‘grand challenge’ calculation and those amenable to a fully CFD-based design process, because certification involves thousands of conditions. The highest demand currently is in community and cabin noise for which industrial-accuracy methods are non-existent. On the other hand, gratifying progress has occurred in the area of stall and spin.
Vortices, sound and flames — a damaging combination
Authors: Dowling A. P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe interaction between vortices, sound and combustion can lead to self-excited oscillations of such large amplitudes that structural damage is done. These occur because any small unsteadiness in the rate of combustion is a source of sound, generating pressure and velocity fluctuations. However, the velocity fluctuations perturb the flame, thereby altering the instantaneous rate of heat release. Instability is then possible because while acoustic waves perturb the combustion, the unsteady combustion generates yet more sound! Combustion oscillations can occur in afterburners and at idle in conventional aeroengine combustors. Lean premixed, prevapourised technology has tremendous potential to reduce NOxemissions, but is proving highly susceptible to self-excited oscillations. An overview of the physics of the interaction between vortices, sound and flames is presented, and illustrated by examples of instability in generic premixed ducted flames and in aeroengine combustors. The potential for both passive and active control is discussed.
Future SST engines with particular reference to Olympus 593 evolution and Concorde experience
Authors: Calder P. H. , Gupta P. C. 
Published: July 2022

As the result of over a decade of intensive Anglo-French effort on both the airframe and the powerplant, the Concorde supersonic transport has completed its development and has convincingly demonstrated its ability to cross the Atlantic non-stop at Mach 2·0 with a full payload.This represents a major milestone in the evolution of aviation where increases in speed and reduction of journey times have always attracted traffic. It also represents a major break-through in reducing passenger travel fatigue as has been demonstrated to a large number of people during the recent route-proving trials.
The farmers' point of view
Authors: Walgate J. R. 
Published: July 2022

When I first became interested in the field of agricultural aviation, I thought I had better find someone who had a thorough knowledge, backed up by a great amount of practical experience; so I sought the help of Ron Amsden, who, I am sure, most of you will have heard of. This was about four years ago.Sometime during last summer, I was asked by Ron Amsden if I would be interested in attending a get-together of interested people on the subject of agricultural aviation and its problems. I had little idea then, that I should be called upon to give my views to such a distinguished gathering of experts. However, in my short experience of agricultural flying, I have gained some useful experience as a pilot and also a good understanding of the problems that arise out of this work.
Aircraft tyres—an analysis of performance and development criteria for the 70s
Authors: Clifton R. G. , Leonard J. L. 
Published: July 2022

In this paper the many aspects of tyre performance criteria are discussed, as they have developed over the last decade. The corresponding tyre developments that have been effected to date are set out in considerable detail, together with the forward developments which are currently engaging the skills of modern tyre designers.For the most part the paper deals with the present standard aircraft tyre, of conventional or cross-ply construction (Fig. 1), but the future role of the radial ply tyre (Fig. 2) is treated in some detail.
Theoretical velocity distributions downstream of non-uniform single and multiple smoothing screens
Authors: Jackson N. A. 
Published: July 2022

Smoothing screens are frequently used in wind tunnels and other ducts to minimise irregularities in velocity profiles and reduce turbulence.There is an optimum value for the screen pressure drop coefficient which, for wire gauzes, corresponds to an open area ratio less than 0·5 if only one screen is used. However, screens with open area ratios of about 0·5 or lower, produce lateral non-uniformities in the downstream flow due to jet coalescence. To avoid coalescence, two or more relatively open screens may be used in succession, either so close as to behave more or less as a single screen or more spaced out with each screen operating independently. It is the latter situation which is considered in detail in this note.Because of inevitable manufacturing tolerances there will always be errors in the characteristic screen parameters, which will make the screen impose its own irregularities on the downstream flow.
An end to aircraft noise?
Authors: Dawson L. G. , Sills T. D. 
Published: July 2022

Everyone agrees that the noise from aircraft has become an unreasonable nuisance to people living around airports. Because of it aviation is now extremely unpopular in some quarters and there is energetic public resistance both to the extension of existing airports and to the creation of new ones. The restriction on night take-off of jet aircraft from London airport is another illustration of the problem. This public attitude is understandable and it is tending to obscure the fact that transport aviation has made a great contribution to improving the quality of life. Taking one small example, without aviation the package tour holiday, which represents good value for money, would hardly be possible.The purpose of this paper is to take the advantages of aviation for granted and to explain that it is technically feasible to build a subsonic aircraft and engine combination quiet enough not to annoy the public.
Pilcher and the multiplane—A neglected aspect of a pioneer's work
Authors: Jarrett Philip 
Published: July 2022

“A little onward lend thy guiding handTo these dark steps, a little further on;”Milton - Samson Agonistes, 1671It is suggested that those wishing to familiarise themselves with the general history of Pitcher's work consult “Aviation” by C. H. Gibbs-Smith, HMSO, 1970, pages 85-90, and items 1 and 2 in the references at the end of this paper, although it should be remembered that this paper amends some of the information contained in these sources.When dealing with famous men in history, perhaps one of the most persistent and difficult questions is that of their relative importance. It is very easy, in a bout of enthusiasm or contempt, to over- or underestimate the influence that a person may have had upon his contemporaries. This applies no less in aeronautics than elsewhere. The example of Percy Sinclair Pilcher (Fig. 1), the British gliding pioneer, is a case in point.
“Supersonic” flow in the animal world
Authors: Black Joseph 
Published: July 2022

The analogy between the formation of large amplitude waves (hydraulic jumps) on the surface of shallow flowing water, and shock waves in supersonic air flow is well-known. In addition to the correspondence between the wave patterns the variation in water depth can be related to the pressure distribution.This “hydraulic analogy” is usually demonstrated in the laboratory in a tank which produces a shallow flow of water over a horizontal surface, on which the appropriately shaped body is mounted. The resulting stationary wave patterns may then be examined. Fig. 1 shows a typical bow-wave on a double-wedge.
Air Transport Group
Authors: Brewer George F. 
Published: July 2022

A favourite device of lecturers is to take a key word in the title of their speech and quote its definition from the pages of Webster's dictionary. Even though this may be mildly insulting to the audience—especially if the word being defined is something simple like “aviation”—it immediately gets the listeners onto the same track with the speaker. If nothing else, it proves the speaker at least knows how to spellthe key word in his speech and establishes his credentials as an expert in the field being discussed.I would like to show you how informed I am by starting with a Webster's dictionary definition of “general aviation”, the key element in my speech title. Unfortunately, I cannot find it in my dictionary, and I doubt if you can find it in your Oxford dictionary. In the eyes of the lexicographers, “general aviation” simply does not exist. But you and I know it doesexist, and I would still like to start with a definition of it.
Historical Group
Authors: Beamont R. P. 
Published: July 2022

Much has been said and written about the last-minute preparation of the Royal Air Force for war after Munich, and of how disaster was so narrowly averted by inspired activity to produce fighters and train fighter pilots. Albeit there was more than a little luck on our side in the inability of the enemy to exploit a unique opportunity to attack this country immediately upon the outbreak of war in September 1939. We really were too weak to have stopped them at that time.We were not only unprepared in numbers, but also to some extent in terms of tactical thinking and training. One of my earliest recollections of the Service was finding with something of a shock that as a newcomer, and at 18 scarcely more than a schoolboy, I had different ideas about the tactical use of fighters to those being taught at the time.
Wind tunnel interference in dynamic measurements
Authors: Molyneux W. Q. 
Published: July 2022

The main object of tests on models in wind tunnels is to obtain results of direct application to aircraft in flight. Unfortunately, the flow about a model in a wind tunnel is subject to constraints that are absent in flight, and so allowance must be made for these wind tunnel interference effects for the results to be meaningful.There is a considerable body of information on the sources of wind tunnel interference and, so far as effects in steady flow are concerned, methods of estimating the corrections to be applied are generally available. They enable results of wind tunnel tests to be reduced to equivalent flight results with some measure of confidence. The situation is far less satisfactory for oscillating models. The additional interference effects due to frequency of the motion may be of too complex a nature or require too tedious a computation (particularly for a deforming model) for a reliable reduction of the results to flight conditions to be practicable.
Energy flow diagrams
Authors: Le Claire R. 
Published: July 2022

Although the concepts of “efficiency” or “coefficient of performance” are useful in relating the output to input energies of a system, they do not give any indication of the manner in which this input energy varies within the system.This shortcoming may be overcome by using “energy flow diagrams” which have the great advantage of providing a pictorial, yet mathematically accurate, representation of the energy balance of the system, from which an overall appreciation of the energy variations can be obtained at a glance.