bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review suggests marked differences in the prevalence of infant‐directed vocalization across groups of populations
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnthropological reports have long suggested that speaking to young children is very infrequent in certain populations (notably farming ones), which is in line with scattered quantitative studies. A systematic review was undertaken to use available literature in order to estimate the extent of population variation. Database searches, expert lists, and citation searches led to the discovery of 29 reports on the frequency of vocalizations directed to infants aged 24 months or younger, based on systematic observations of spontaneous activity in the infant's natural environment lasting at least 30 min in length. Together, these studies provide evidence on 1314 infants growing up in a range of communities (urban, foraging, farming). For populations located outside of North America, the frequency with which vocalization was directed to urban infants was much higher than that for rural infants (including both foraging and farming, medians = 12.6 vs. 3.6% of observations contained infant‐directed vocalization behaviors). We benchmarked this effect against socio‐economic status (SES) variation in the United States, which was much smaller. Infants in high SES American homes were spoken to only slightly more frequently than those in low SES homes (medians = 16.4 vs. 15.1% of observations contained infant‐directed vocalization behaviors). Although published research represents a biased sample of the world's populations, these results invite further cross‐population research to understand the causes and effects of such considerable population group differences.
Shoulder palsy following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: two cases of typical Parsonage–Turner syndrome
Authors: Fortanier Etienne , Le Corroller Thomas , Hocquart Marie , Delmont Emilien , Attarian Shahram 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is now known to cause neurological complications in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Two new cases of typical neuralgic amyotrophy or Parsonage–Turner (PT) syndrome following coronavirus 2 infection (SARS‐CoV‐2) are reported here with explicit electrophysiological and imaging pathological features, underlining the possible association between COVID‐19 and PT syndrome.Case reportsCase 1 was a 45‐year‐old schoolteacher presenting with acute pain in the right shoulder a few days after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with shoulder abduction and elbow flexion weakness. Needle electromyography showed a decrease in motor unit recruitment in the biceps brachii, and plexus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a hyperintense signal involving the right C6 root and the superior truncus of the brachial plexus. Case 2 was a 21‐year‐old man hospitalized for dyspnea secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Ten days after symptom onset, he presented right shoulder pain with difficulty in raising his right arm, revealing an isolated deficit of the serratus major muscle with a right scapula winging. Electrophysiological evaluation exhibited an isolated involvement of the long thoracic nerve with a neurogenic recruitment pattern in the serratus major muscle. Plexus MRI displayed a thickening and hyperintense signal involving the right long thoracic nerve.DiscussionParsonage–Turner syndrome triggered by SARS‐CoV‐2 seems to present clinical, electrophysiological and MRI characteristics similar to classic para‐infectious PT syndrome, including the time frame between viral infection and neurological symptom onset.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 might be a new infectious trigger of PT syndrome.
Cognitive phenotypes in frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Arrotta Kayela , Reyes Anny , Kaestner Erik , McDonald Carrie R. , Hermann Bruce P. , Barr William B. , Sarmey Nehaw , Sundar Swetha , Kondylis Efstathios , Najm Imad , Bingaman William , Busch Robyn M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveNeuropsychological profiles are heterogeneous both across and within epilepsy syndromes, but especially in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), which has complex semiology and epileptogenicity. This study aimed to characterize the cognitive heterogeneity within FLE by identifying cognitive phenotypes and determining their demographic and clinical characteristics.MethodOne hundred and six patients (age 16–66; 44% female) with FLE completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing, including measures within five cognitive domains: language, attention, executive function, processing speed, and verbal/visual learning. Patients were categorized into one of four phenotypes based on the number of impaired domains. Patterns of domain impairment and clinical and demographic characteristics were examined across phenotypes.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of patients met criteria for the Generalized Phenotype (impairment in at least four domains), 20% met criteria for the Tri‐Domain Phenotype (impairment in three domains), 36% met criteria for the Domain‐Specific Phenotype (impairment in one or two domains), and 19% met criteria for the Intact Phenotype (no impairment). Language was the most common domain‐specific impairment, followed by attention, executive function, and processing speed. In contrast, learning was the least impacted cognitive domain. The Generalized Phenotype had fewer years of education compared to the Intact Phenotype, but otherwise, there was no differentiation between phenotypes in demographic and clinical variables. However, qualitative analysis suggested that the Generalized and Tri‐Domain Phenotypes had a more widespread area of epileptogenicity, whereas the Intact Phenotype most frequently had seizures limited to the lateral frontal region.SignificanceThis study identified four cognitive phenotypes in FLE that were largely indistinguishable in clinical and demographic features, aside from education and extent of epileptogenic zone. These findings enhance our appreciation of the cognitive heterogeneity within FLE and provide additional support for the development and use of cognitive taxonomies in epilepsy.
Models for MAGDM with dual hesitant q‐rung orthopair fuzzy 2‐tuple linguistic MSM operators and their application to COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Naz Sumera , Akram Muhammad , Saeid Arsham Borumand , Saadat Aniqa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we introduce dual hesitant ‐rung orthopair fuzzy 2‐tuple linguistic set (DHq‐ROFTLS), a new strategy for dealing with uncertainty that incorporates a 2‐tuple linguistic term into dual hesitant ‐rung orthopair fuzzy set (DHq‐ROFS). DHq‐ROFTLS is a better way to deal with uncertain and imprecise information in the decision‐making environment. We elaborate the operational rules, based on which, the DHq‐ROFTL weighted averaging (DHq‐ROFTLWA) operator and the DHq‐ROFTL weighted geometric (DHq‐ROFTLWG) operator are presented to fuse the DHq‐ROFTL numbers (DHq‐ROFTLNs). As Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) aggregation operator is a useful tool to model the interrelationship between multi‐input arguments, we generalize the traditional MSM to aggregate DHq‐ROFTL information. Firstly, the DHq‐ROFTL Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLMSM) and the DHq‐ROFTL weighted Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLWMSM) operators are proposed along with some of their desirable properties and some special cases. Further, the DHq‐ROFTL dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLDMSM) and weighted dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (DHq‐ROFTLWDMSM) operators with some properties and cases are presented. Moreover, the assessment and prioritizing of the most important aspects in multiple attribute group decision‐making (MAGDM) problems is analysed by an extended novel approach based on the proposed aggregation operators under DHq‐ROFTL framework. At long last, a numerical model is provided for the selection of adequate medication to control COVID‐19 outbreaks to demonstrate the use of the generated technique and exhibit its adequacy. Finally, to analyse the advantages of the proposed method, a comparison analysis is conducted and the superiorities are illustrated.
Digital fisheries data in the Internet age: Emerging tools for research and monitoring using online data in recreational fisheries
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Sbragaglia Valerio , Vollset Knut Wiik , Sortland Lene K. , McClenachan Loren , Jarić Ivan , Guckian Meaghan L. , Ferter Keno , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. , Arlinghaus Robert , Twardek William M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecreational fisheries are diverse in scale, scope, and participation worldwide, constituting an important ecosystem service of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Management of these socio‐ecological systems is challenged by monitoring gaps, stemming from difficulties engaging with participants, biased sampling, and insufficient resources to conduct biological or social surveys of fish and human populations. In the Internet age, online data have great potential to make a meaningful contribution to recreational fisheries research, monitoring, and management. Recreational fishers in some countries increasingly use social and other digital media to share their experiences with followers, with most data freely available to web scrapers that compile databases of text (e.g. tweets, status updates, comments), photos, videos and other media that contain information about spatiotemporal activity, sentiments towards catches/experiences, targeted and bycatch species, effort levels, and more. Although the future of recreational fisheries research, monitoring and management will likely involve more digital scraping, uptake is only just beginning and there are several challenges including tool availability/accessibility, sampling biases, and making findings relevant and usable to practitioners. Despite these challenges, we envision fisheries managers will increasingly turn towards online sources of fisheries data to supplement conventional methods. We challenge scientists to work towards continued method development and validation of various digital fisheries data tools and emphasize how biases from the online behaviour of users may complicate interpretations of these data for fisheries management.
A new approach for fatigue damage detection in adhesive joints modified with nanoparticles under different temperatures
Authors: Khashaba Usama A. , Najjar Ismail M. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScarf adhesive joints (SAJs) in carbon fiber composites were fabricated with 5° taper angle and bondline thickness of 0.17 mm. The joints are modified with SiC‐nanoparticles and characterized through tensile and fatigue loading at room temperature (RT) and 50°C. The analysis of the hysteresis loop in terms of loss and storage moduli, potential and dissipated energies, and damping factor is a quite new topic and one of the important goals of this study. At RT, the fatigue limit of the SAJs was improved by 55% when the bondline thickness decreased from 0.25 to 0.17 mm and further enhanced by 22% with SiC incorporation. For the first time, the evolution of the potential energy versus fatigue cycles of the SAJs can be modeled for early predicting joint life and hence helps in preventing their sudden failure. At 50°C, the fatigue strength of the SiC‐SAJ is approximately equal to the unmodified joint at RT.
Resource selection and species interactions between native and non‐native fishes in a simulated stream system
Authors: Branigan Philip R. , Quist Michael C. , Shepard Bradley B. , Ireland Susan C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEffective fishery management necessitates understanding of resource partitioning by fishes that inhabit complex systems composed of biotic and abiotic features. Evaluations of non‐native species introductions have continually demonstrated adverse effects associated with abundance and distribution of native fishes. Therefore, understanding resource selection and interactions between native and non‐native species is important for recovery efforts. Habitat use by two native fish species (largescale sucker Catostomus macrocheilus [Girard] and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni [Girard]) and one non‐native fish species (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus [Linnaeus]) of the Kootenai River, Idaho, were evaluated in a laboratory stream system. Trials were conducted in allopatry and in sympatry with and without the presence of wood to describe habitat selection in the context of on‐going habitat rehabilitation efforts. Interactions were evident between native largescale sucker and non‐native pumpkinseed concerning use of a woody structure and current velocity. Mountain whitefish used low‐velocity habitats and selected locations that were further from wood when in sympatry with pumpkinseed. Our research suggests that habitat use of native, large‐river fishes may be influenced by the presence of a non‐native species, and that considering such interactions is critical when designing and implementing habitat rehabilitation efforts in river ecosystems.
Short‐term exposure to heatwave‐like temperatures affects learning and memory in bumblebees
Authors: Gérard Maxence , Amiri Anahit , Cariou Bérénice , Baird Emily 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal warming has been identified as a key driver of bee declines around the world. While it is clear that elevated temperatures during the spring and summer months—the principal activity period of many bee species—is a factor in this decline, exactly how temperature affects bee survival is unknown. In vertebrates, there is clear evidence that elevated ambient temperatures impair cognition but whether and how heat affects the cognitive abilities of invertebrates remains unclear. Cognitive skills in bees are essential for their survival as, to supply the hive with nutrition, workers must be able to learn and remember the location of the most rewarding floral resources. Here, we investigate whether temperature‐related cognitive impairments could be a driver of bee declines by exploring the effect of short‐term increases in ambient temperature on learning and memory. We found that, in comparison to bees that were tested at 25°C (a temperature that they would typically experience in summer), bees that were exposed to 32°C (a temperature that they will becoming increasingly exposed to during heatwave events) were significantly worse at forming an association between a coloured light and a sucrose reward and that their capacity to remember this association after just 1 h was abolished. This study provides novel experimental evidence that even just a few hours of exposure to heatwave‐like temperatures can severely impair the cognitive performance of insects. Such temperature‐induced cognitive deficits could play an important role in explaining recent and future bee population declines.
Managing for the unexpected: Building resilient forest landscapes to cope with global change
Authors: Mina Marco , Messier Christian , Duveneck Matthew J. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Aquilué Núria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural disturbances exacerbated by novel climate regimes are increasing worldwide, threatening the ability of forest ecosystems to mitigate global warming through carbon sequestration and to provide other key ecosystem services. One way to cope with unknown disturbance events is to promote the ecological resilience of the forest by increasing both functional trait and structural diversity and by fostering functional connectivity of the landscape to ensure a rapid and efficient self‐reorganization of the system. We investigated how expected and unexpected variations in climate and biotic disturbances affect ecological resilience and carbon storage in a forested region in southeastern Canada. Using a process‐based forest landscape model (LANDIS‐II), we simulated ecosystem responses to climate change and insect outbreaks under different forest policy scenarios—including a novel approach based on functional diversification and network analysis—and tested how the potentially most damaging insect pests interact with changes in forest composition and structure due to changing climate and management. We found that climate warming, lengthening the vegetation season, will increase forest productivity and carbon storage, but unexpected impacts of drought and insect outbreaks will drastically reduce such variables. Generalist, non‐native insects feeding on hardwood are the most damaging biotic agents for our region, and their monitoring and early detection should be a priority for forest authorities. Higher forest diversity driven by climate‐smart management and fostered by climate change that promotes warm‐adapted species, might increase disturbance severity. However, alternative forest policy scenarios led to a higher functional and structural diversity as well as functional connectivity—and thus to higher ecological resilience—than conventional management. Our results demonstrate that adopting a landscape‐scale perspective by planning interventions strategically in space and adopting a functional trait approach to diversify forests is promising for enhancing ecological resilience under unexpected global change stressors.
Using nitrification inhibitors and deep placement to tackle the trade‐offs between NH3 and N2O emissions in global croplands
Authors: Zhang Chong , Song Xiaotong , Zhang Yaqian , Wang Dan , Rees Robert M. , Ju Xiaotang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two important air pollutants that have major impacts on climate change and biodiversity losses. Agriculture represents their largest source and effective mitigation measures of individual gases have been well studied. However, the interactions and trade‐offs between NH3 and N2O emissions remain uncertain. Here, we report the results of a two‐year field experiment in a wheat‐maize rotation in the North China Plain (NCP), a global hotspot of reactive N emissions. Our analysis is supported by a literature synthesis of global croplands, to understand the interactions between NH3 and N2O emissions and to develop the most effective approaches to jointly mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions. Field results indicated that deep placement of urea with nitrification inhibitors (NIs) reduced both emissions of NH3 by 67% to 90% and N2O by 73% to 100%, respectively, in comparison with surface broadcast urea which is the common farmers’ practice. But, deep placement of urea, surface broadcast urea with NIs, and application of urea with urease inhibitors probably led to trade‐offs between the two gases, with a mitigation potential of −201% to 101% for NH3 and −112% to 89% for N2O. The literature synthesis showed that deep placement of urea with NIs had an emission factor of 1.53%‐4.02% for NH3 and 0.22%‐0.36% for N2O, which were much lower than other fertilization regimes and the default values recommended by IPCC guidelines. This would translate to a reduction of 3.86–5.47 Tg N yr−1 of NH3 and 0.41–0.50 Tg N yr−1 of N2O emissions, respectively, when adopting deep placement of urea with NIs (relative to current practice) in global croplands. We conclude that the combination of NIs and deep placement of urea can successfully tackle the trade‐offs between NH3 and N2O emissions, therefore avoiding N pollution swapping in global croplands.
Ecology of medical care for 90+ individuals: An exhaustive cross‐sectional survey in an ageing city
Authors: Kaneko Makoto , Shimizu Sayuri , Kuroki Makoto , Nakagami Sachiko , Chiba Taiga , Goto Atsushi 
Published: April 2022

AimUrbanization and ageing are worldwide issues for healthcare providers. In particular, older adults aged 90 years and older have increased cognitive impairment and lower daily functioning than younger adults. However, the healthcare use of the oldest old remains unclear. This study aimed to describe the healthcare use of the oldest old compared with younger older adults in a city using the ecology of medical care model.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study. This study targeted all residents aged 75 years and older registered in a city in Japan for one year. We described healthcare use per 1000 inhabitants over a 1‐month period and included: outpatient visits, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, home visits, home care services, and facility services. We also compared healthcare use among older adults aged 75–89 years and 90 years and older.ResultsWe described the healthcare use of 454 366 (male/female: 186 177/268 189) older adults. The numbers of persons per 1000 residents who used healthcare resources at least once in 1 month (75–89 years/90 years and older) were: outpatient clinic visits, 622/570; hospital outpatient visits, 300/263; advanced treatment hospital outpatient visits, 16/6; emergency department visits, 10/27; hospitalizations, 45/96; advanced treatment hospital hospitalizations, 2/1; planned home visits, 36/228; urgent home visits, 6/38; home care services, 173/533; and facility services, 32/178.ConclusionsThe results revealed that older adults over 90 years had more hospitalizations, emergency department visits and home visits, and used facility/home care services more compared with older adults aged 75–89 years. The results provide a useful benchmark for healthcare use estimation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 483–489.
The California GeoTracker Database: A Unique Public Resource for Understanding Contaminated Sites
Authors: Beckley Lila , McMasters Steven , Cohen Matthew , Cordano Dayna , Rauch Sharon , McHugh Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractData mining as a research tool requires access to high quality datasets. Investigation and cleanup of contaminated sites yield large amounts of monitoring data; however, historically, these data have not been available in large, consolidated datasets. The California GeoTracker web site and database is a public repository for a wide variety of information related to investigation and remediation of cleanup sites in California. Under California regulations, responsible parties must submit laboratory analytical results for environmental samples in electronic form along with reports and other information. The GeoTracker website also supports public access to the entire database of laboratory analytical results, which, for some sites, date back to 2001. This database includes approximately 285,000,000 analytical records for more than 50,000 contaminated and formerly contaminated sites in California. Because of the large volume of publicly‐available data, GeoTracker has been used as the primary data source for a number of data mining studies in the last 10 years. This article describes the GeoTracker origin story and how it has evolved to account for changes in regulatory priorities such as understanding vapor intrusion mechanisms and distribution of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, while maintaining database continuity. Finally, we review data mining projects that have utilized GeoTracker to better understand various aspects of contaminated site management. This review illustrates how long‐term commitment to collection and sharing of environmental data can support the general public and the regulatory and research communities.