bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Deficiency in Tree Fruits as Related to Leaf Concentration of Magnesium, Potassium and Calcium1
Authors: Ashby D. L. , Stewart J. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The interactions between Mg, K and Ca in leaves of ‘Spartan’ apple and ‘Bing’ cherry were studied in relation to the expression of Mg deficiency symptoms. Results of sand culture and field experiments indicate that Mg analyses alone may permit reliable assessment of the severity of Mg deficiency in tree fruits, and that this assessment is not significantly improved by the use of cation ratios. Regression equations were used to relate per cent leaf Mg to symptom expression (the index of the severity of deficiency). Little response to soil applied Mg was obtained on young ‘Spartan’ and ‘Bing’ trees. No mutual antagonism between leaf K and Mg was observed in ‘Spartan’ apple and only a one-sided effect of K on Mg in ‘Bing’ cherry. K applications increased the severity of Mg deficiency symptoms in all experiments, however.
Morphological and Histological Effects of Ethrel on the Apricot, Prunus armeniaca L., as Compared with Those of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid1
Authors: Bradley Muriel V. , Marei Nasr , Crane Julian C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Apricots on branches sprayed with Ethrel at the beginning of pit hardening abscised, whereas similar treatment with 2,4,5-T stimulated fruit growth and decreased drop. In the stem, gum ducts were formed in the xylem after treatment with Ethrel but not with 2,4,5-T, both at 100 ppm concentrations. Both Ethrel and 2,4,5-T stimulated cambial activity in petioles and midveins, thus increasing phloem and xylem tissues. Both growth regulators induced tylosis formation in petiole xylem. 2,4,5-T treatment caused increase in petiole diameter and leaf blade thickness, through increasing endopolyploidy and thus cell size in ground tissue of the petiole, and in mesophyll, epidermis and vascular bundle sheathes in the leaf blade. Ethrel caused little if any increase in cell size in those tissues, and therefore no obvious increase in petiole diameter and leaf blade thickness.
Pollen Effects on Chilling Requirements of Almond and Almond-Peach Hybrid Seeds1
Authors: Kester Dale E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effect of genotype on variation in chilling requirement among almond seed populations was studied. Pollen of different varieties used on the same seed tree changed embryo genotype and, subsequently, the chilling requirements of the populations of seeds produced. There was a direct correlation between time of bloom of seed and pollen parents and the length of chilling required by their offspring seeds. Chilling requirements were not significantly different in seed populations resulting from reciprocal crosses involving varieties of long and short chilling. Such seed populations had comparable genotypes but were exposed to different maternal effects. Embryo genotype was a controlling factor in determining seed chilling requirement in almond. A distinction between systems affecting inheritance of time of bloom in almond was shown in that ‘Tardy Nonpareil’, a late-blooming bud mutation of ‘Nonpareil’, transmits later bloom to its seedling offspring but did not transmit longer chilling to the seeds.
The Response of Pea Plants to Low Concentrations of Cycocel, Phosfon and B-Nine1
Authors: Adedipe N. O. , Ormrod D. P. , Maurer A. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 2 greenhouse experiments, 15-day old pea seedlings were sprayed with 1 or 100 ppm of Cycocel, Phosfon or B-Nine. The plants were grown to marketable maturity of peas.
Cycocel at 1 ppm increased plant height, internode length, pea yield and total dry matter, but decreased chlorophyll concentration as well as the ratio of chlorophyll a:b. Cycocel at 100 ppm decreased plant height, internode length and total dry matter, but had no significant effect on pea yield. Phosfon at 1 ppm had little effect on growth and yield, but 100 ppm markedly decreased plant height and pea yield while increasing chlorophyll concentration. B-Nine at both concentrations was relatively ineffective in altering the growth pattern of the pea plant.
Cycocel generally increased the concentrations of N, P and Mg in the pea vine. Phosfon generally increased P and Ca. B-Nine at 1 ppm decreased N and P while it increased both at 100 ppm. All 3 compounds generally decreased K.
Leaf Analysis as a Guide for Potassium Nutrition of Potato12
Authors: Fong Kwok H. , Ulrich Albert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
“White Rose” potato plants were grown in modified Hoagland’s solution at concentrations of 0 to 16 meq/1 of K. After 32 days of growth, 16 plant parts were taken for analysis. The K status of the potato plant was reflected best by the second leaf below the flat top (Fig. 1). This leaf was the recently matured leaf of the plant, was relatively easy to sample, and did not differ greatly in K concentration from the first, third, and fourth leaves. The critical K value at a 10% reduction of growth was 2.3% for the petiole tissues and 1.1% for the blade tissues.
Effects of Potassium Nutrition on Growth and Cation Content of Potato Leaves and Tubers Relative to Plant Analysis1
Authors: Ulrich Albert , Fong Kwok H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Potato plants were grown outdoors in pots containing Alvolite, a low K material, under low and high K conditions. The blades of recently matured leaves were relatively constant in K concentration, whereas the petioles changed rapidly with growth and K supply. Sodium was largely excluded from the leaf tissue while Ca and Mg were higher with low K supply. Tubers under high and low K nutrition changed only from about 2.0 to 1.3% K, respectively, and the values of Na, Ca, and Mg were very low, ranging from only 0.06 to 0.30%. Therefore, an analysis of tubers is not useful in plant analysis.
The degree of K deficiency can be estimated by following the rate of K decline in reference to the K critical level of 2.3% for the petiole and 1.1% for the blade tissues as illustrated by present results and of a field experiment.
The Influence of Calcium on the Development of Lettuce Tipburn1
Authors: Thibodeau P. O. , Minotti P. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of Ca(NO3)2 or CaCl2 completely controlled lettuce tipburn in the variety ‘Meikoningen’ when directed to susceptible immature leaves. Analysis of treated and untreated plants showed that treatment markedly increased the Ca content of tipburn susceptible leaves and revealed a 5-fold increase in Ca content as one progressed from immature heart leaves to mature basal leaves in untreated plants. Foliar sprays of organic acid salts, particularly oxalate, accelerated the development of tipburn and increased its severity. When Ca and oxalate treatments were alternated, application of Ca at the beginning of the dark period and oxalate in the morning resulted in markedly less tipburn than application of these sprays in the reverse order.
Absorption of Phosphorus by Chrysanthemum morifolium Cuttings Propagated Under Nutrient Mist1
Authors: Wott J. A. , Tukey H. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium, Ram. cuttings were rooted in special containers so that the stems and foliage were exposed to intermittent nutrient mist at the same time that the basal ends of the stems and developing roots were irrigated with 32P-labeled nutrient solution. Analyses of the radioactive and non-radioactive P contents of the cuttings revealed that almost all of the P absorbed by the cuttings during propagation was absorbed by the stems and foliage from the nutrient mist and either utilized in new growth of the foliage or translocated into the developing roots. Absorption of P from the rooting medium was of importance only during the last 2 days of propagation when new roots were well developed, and even then, was less than foliar absorption. Applications of nutrients to herbaceous and softwood cuttings are made more efficiently through nutrient mist than to the rooting medium directly.
Fruit Size Inheritance in Highbush Blueberries, Vaccinium australe Small1
Authors: Draper A. D. , Scott D. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three blueberry progenies from crosses of large-fruited X large-fruited parents were significantly larger in fruit size than 3 progenies from crosses of large-fruited X small-fruited parents. Mean fruit sizes of the 3 large-fruited X small-fruited populations were equal to the fruit size of the smaller fruited parents in each cross, indicating that small fruit size is a dominant character. Large fruit size is not linked with low yield.
Influence of Growth Retardants on Development and Loss of Hardiness of Acer negundo1
Authors: Irving R. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold hardiness of Acer negundo was not increased by applications of CCC, B-Nine, and Amo if the plants were exposed to long day conditions and no subsequent hardening period was provided. Plants given short photoperiods during this time gained 8° in hardiness. Weekly applications of these compounds to plants given short days followed by a hardening period caused greater hardiness than those given short days alone.
Treating hardened, non-dormant plants with CCC, B-Nine, or Amo, either as a dip solution or soil drench, failed to retard the loss of hardiness after a dehardening treatment of 5 days at 70°F. Treatment with gibberellic acid by similar means distinctly accelerated the loss of hardiness under these conditions.
Photoperiod Responses of Phaseolus Plant Introductions in Hawaii1
Authors: Hartmann Richard W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tropical lines of Phaseolus spp. planted in Hawaii in spring or early summer included types which bloomed in the usual 30-45 days and types which did not bloom until days had begun to shorten in the fall. Short day types bloomed at daylengths between 113/4 and 131/4 hr, with the majority blooming between 121/2 and 13 hr. P. vulgaris, P. lunatus, and P. calcaratus included both short-day and day-neutral types. All lines of P. aconitifolius, P. acutifolius, and P. angularis were day-neutral. Single lines of P. erythroloma and P. cf. stenolobus were short-day, and single lines of P. pilosus, P. radiatus, and P. bracteatus were day-neutral.
Relationship of Seasonal Tissue Changes to Cold Acclimation of Juniperus chinensis ‘Hetzi’1
Authors: Pellett Norman E. , White Donald B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Changes in total sugars, reducing sugars, total N and protein N showed little relationship to changes in cold acclimation. Root and top moisture percentages decreased during the fall, the rates closely paralleling the increase in cold acclimation. It is postulated that a decrease in the cellular moisture, resulted in increased concentration of cellular solutes and closer spatial arrangement of water binding substances. Cold acclimation may have resulted from the higher bound water/free water ratio.
The Effect of Potassium Gibberellate on Flower Bud Development in the Redskin Peach1
Authors: Stembridge G. E. , LaRue J. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Applications of potassium gibberellate (KGA) were made to ‘Redskin’ peach trees at various times after bud differentiation. KGA applied before leaf fall caused flower bud mortality and retarded bud development, depending on timing and concentration. Response peaks for each of these effects occurred at different stages in the development of flower buds. The KGA-induced retardation of floral development reduced the damage caused by frost during the bloom period. In contrast to the delay in bloom obtained when KGA was applied before leaf fall, flower bud development was accelerated when KGA was applied after a substantial part of the chilling requirement had been satisfied. The cold hardiness of the dormant flower buds was not greatly affected by KGA.
Inheritance of Tomato Fruit Weight1
Authors: Ibarbia E. A. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The variability, mode of inheritance, and gene action for tomato fruit weight was studied in a cross of 2 divergent lines, Mo. Accession 223 (a selection of USD A P.I. 272689), and 1-417-1. The data indicated that more than 10 gene pairs, and possibly as many as 20, differentiated the parents for fruit weight in this cross. Partial dominance of small fruit weight genes was shown. No evidence of epistatic interaction was found. Gene action was largely geometrically cumulative. Heritability estimates in the broad sense was 29%. Little additive genetic variance was detected.
Carnation Production in Vermiculite Amended Media1
Authors: Boodley J. W. , Sheldrake R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Cardinal Sim’ carnations were grown for 2 years in 6 media combinations that were supplemented with 2 particle sizes of vermiculite. The addition of vermiculite resulted in significantly higher K levels in carnation foliage the first year than in control plants. The positive effect of vermiculite persisted through the second year but at a lower level. A combination of 1-1-1 by volume sphagnum peat moss, perlite and #4 vermiculite was as good a growing medium as the control soil when compared on a total production and quality index basis.
Components of Variation in Tomato Harvest Patterns1
Authors: Davis R. M. , Smith P. G. , Schweers V. H. , Scheuerman R. W. , Millett A. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For the tomato cultivar ‘Earlipak No. 7’, measurements were made on several components which contribute to variations in harvest patterns. Components which were observed at 4 locations were: per cent of ovaries retained; the per cent of these which grew and matured; the sizes of ovaries at selected periods of time; the variance in this component; the elapsed time between flower and maturity, and between interim stages; the variances in these components. Sizes and seed numbers of matured fruits were observed. Correlation coefficients among the variates are presented. It appears that measurements upon each of the components and at least one more (flower production rates) are essential to a fundamental understanding of variations in the harvest pattern on a genetic or environmental basis. The apparent influence of seed number on growth rates and mature weight is brought into question.
Morphological and Anatomical Aspects of Petaloidy in the Carrot (Daucus carota L.)1
Authors: Eisa Hamdy M. , Wallace Donald H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One type of male sterility in carrots is expressed as the change of anthers to petaloid structures. Different shapes of petaloids were observed. According to the degree of petaloidy, they were filamentous, spoon-shaped, incomplete and complete. In most cases the 5 transformed stamens of a single flower exhibited the same shape, although in others some variability existed. Serial sections of normal and petaloid stamens revealed anticlinal cell division of the epidermal cell layer early in stamen primordia development to be associated with petaloidy. In one of the lots the anthers were not completely transformed and in this case there was an inverse relationship between the degree of petaloidy and anther locule development. In anthers where pollen grains dehisced, some were viable and germinable.
The Effect of Mist-Fertilizer Propagation on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Euphorbia pulcherrima and Chrysanthemum morifolium1
Authors: Morton William M. , Boodley J. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two cultivars of poinsettias and 3 cultivars of chrysanthemums were propagated under low concentration mist-fertilizer solutions to offset the problem of nutrient losses by leaching that occur under mist. Greater terminal growth, fresh weight, dry weight and degree of rooting resulted. Effects of mist-fertilizer propagation were permanent, so plants flowerd earlier, and had greater fresh and dry weights with increased numbers and larger size flowers. Significantly higher levels of N, P and K occurred in leaf tissue of cuttings that received a complete fertilizer as opposed to tap-water misted cuttings. The N, P and K content of chrysanthemum leaves was higher when cuttings were removed from the propagation bench than when they were inserted.
There were differences due to cultivar but not to media when moisture conditions in the rhizosphere were adequate. Mist-fertilized chrysanthemum cuttings were not satisfactorily stored at 31-33°F.
The Effect of Captan on Strawberry Pollen Germination1
Authors: Eaton G. W. , Chen L. I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Captan has been shown to inhibit pollen germination of the strawberry when included in or sprayed on agar germination media, or when sprayed on anthers after dehiscence. Toxic effects did not disappear during prolonged germination. Pollen germination was slightly affected by captan sprayed on the undehisced anthers.
Rate of Ripening of Initiated Bananas as Influenced by Oxygen and Ethylene1,2
Authors: Hesselman C. W. , Freebairn H. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ability of initiated bananas to ripen at rates close to those considered normal was found to be ethylene dependent in low oxygen concentrations. Fruit denied ethylene by low oxygen treatments, which reduced the fruit's ability to produce ethylene, ripened far slower than similarly treated fruit receiving exogenous ethylene. A sequence of ripening changes was proposed to account for the present knowledge of ripening.
Ethylene Production by Citrus Leaves from Trees Grown in Artificially Salinized Plots1
Authors: Rasmussen G. K. , Furr J. R. , Cooper W. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We collected lemon leaves from 25 trees growing in control and artificially salinized plots at Indio, California, 4 and 6 weeks after beginning of irrigation with water carrying 5,000 ppm total salt. Chloride content of the leaves was directly correlated with their ethylene production. Leaves with visible injury from high Cl produced more ethylene than those with no visible injury from salinized plots; foliage from the latter treatment produced more ethylene than those from nonsaline control plots. The correlation coefficient was significant at odds of 19:1 at 4 weeks and 99:1 at 6 weeks.
Growth Substances and Fruit Shedding in the Pecan, Carya illinoensis1
Authors: Lipe John A. , Morgan Page W. , Storey J. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wheat coleoptile straight growth bioassay of pecan fruit extracts established the presence of growth promoting and inhibiting substances. Indoleacetic acid was tentatively identified as a promoting substance. The growth inhibiting substance(s), possibly abscisic acid, promoted abscission of cotton cotyledonary node explants. The absolute level of growth substances did not appear correlated with the seasonal shedding pattern.
The Hardening Response of Three Clones of Dianthus and the Corresponding Complement of Peroxidase Isoenzymes1
Authors: McCown B. H. , Beck G. E. , Hall T. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The stems of 3 clones of Dianthus were studied at weekly intervals from August through November and the cold-hardiness as well as the peroxidase isoenzyme complement was determined. The hardening patterns showed indications of the typical plateau, this occurring at −10 to −14°G in November. The time of initiation of hardening correlated well with the winter-hardiness of the clones, the hardiest clone undergoing hardening 2 to 3 weeks before the tender clone. As determined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the stem extracts, the 2 winter hardy clones showed a gradual synthesis of 2 to 4 new peroxidase isoenzymes during the hardening period, whereas the tender clone showed only a relatively weak initiation of one isoenzyme. The formation of the new isoenzyme preceded the period of hardening by several weeks to more than a month, depending on the specific isoenzyme and the clone.
Differential Tolerance of Several Inbreds of Onion Allium cepa L. to Certain Herbicides1
Authors: Hiller L. K. , Weigle J. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Considerable differences exist in the tolerances of onion inbreds to CIPC. Inbreds derived from ‘Iowa Yellow Globe’ were the most tolerant among the inbreds evaluated. Seedlings grown in the laboratory on agar containing the herbicide responded similarly to treated plants in field plots. The laboratory technique provides a fast, efficient method of screening large numbers of inbreds under controlled conditions.
Influence of (2-Chloroethyl) Trimethylammonium Chloride (Cycocel) and Daylength on Gibberellin-like Activity in the Root Exudate of the Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima, Willd. cv. ‘Paul Mikkelsen’1
Authors: Criley Richard A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three substances with gibberellin-like activity in the dock and barley endosperm bioassay systems were detected in the root exudate of poinsettia cultivar ‘Paul Mikkelsen’. In the isopropyl ether:acetic acid (95:5, v/v) solvent system on 250 µ layers of silica gel G, these substances had Rf values of 0–0.1, 0.4–0.6, and 0.7–0.8. The extracted exudate material at Rf 0–0.1 generally showed greater activity in plants grown under long day conditions while the relative proportion of the other 2 fractions to the first increased under short day conditions. Following a drench with (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (Cycocel), the activity of all 3 fractions was reduced in comparison to the control. The Rf 0–0.1 material evidenced lower activity in relation to the other 2 fractions in exudate from Cycocel spray-treated plants.
Effects of Gibberellins and Naphthaleneacetic Acid on Fruit Development in Seedless Apple Clones1
Authors: Dennis F. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) has little effect on fruit set in seeded commercial varieties of apple unless pollination is prevented. To determine whether seedless apples might respond to GA, blossoms of several apetalous clones were treated with gibberellins. In addition, seeded and seedless fruits were sprayed several weeks after bloom with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), a fruit-thinning agent, to ascertain the role of seeds in auxin-induced fruit abscission.
GA3 was effective in increasing fruit set in 2 of the 6 clones tested, but had no effect on the remaining 4, only one of which crops heavily under orchard conditions. GA7 and GA4+7 were more active than GA3 in inducing fruit set in the 2 responsive clones. NAA thinned both seeded and seedless fruits of one clone. Fruit growth was inhibited in seedless fruits of 2 other clones, but abscission was not promoted. These results support the view that NAA-induced fruit abscission is not a result of seed abortion.
A Temperature Sensitive Male Sterile Gene in Broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica1
Authors: Dickson M. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A temperature sensitive gene in broccoli conditions complete male sterility at temperatures of 24° C day and 17° night. At 17° day and 12° night slight development of abnormal pollen occurs and at 10° the plant is highly male fertile. The gene, designated ms6, behaves as a recessive and can be distinguished from other stable genetic steriles by temperature manipulation. Under field conditions in New York plants remained sterile from June 15 to the end of September.