bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflective Thinking Skills and Attitude towards Problem-solving as Mediated by Mathematical Resilience of the Students
Authors: Simacon Psyche Donna P. , Veloria Elisa V. 
Published: November 2022

Aims: This paper explored the mediating effect of mathematical resilience on the relationship between reflective thinking skills and student’s attitude towards problem-solving. Study design: This study utilized a non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing the descriptive-correlational technique.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at public high schools in the Province of Bukidnon, Philippines in the school year 2021-2022.
Methodology: The respondents of the study were 469 Junior High School students. The respondents were chosen using stratified sampling to simple random sampling. There were three questionnaires utilized to collect the data. The items in each indicator revealed a good interpretation for both validity and reliability of the questionnaires.
Results: The result revealed that the respondents have a high level of both reflective thinking skills and mathematical resilience and has moderate level in their attitude towards problem-solving. The relationship between reflective thinking skills and attitude towards problem-solving; reflective thinking skills and mathematical resilience; and mathematical resilience and attitude towards problem-solving revealed an r-values of .521, .348, and .356 respectively, with a p- value of <.001 which is highly significant at 0.01 level of significance. Furthermore, the result also shows that mathematical resilience partially mediates the relationship between reflective thinking skills and attitude towards problem-solving.
Conclusion: The attitude towards problem-solving is directly impacted by one’s capacity for reflective thinking. On the other hand, the ability to engage in reflective thinking has an effect, albeit an indirect one, on students' mathematical resilience, which in turn influences the students' attitude toward problem solving.
Molecular Detection of blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV Genes in Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli from Clinical Samples
Authors: Chaudhary Mahesh Kumar , Jadhav Indrani , Banjara Megha Raj 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Extended spectrum β-lactamases are the group of β-lactamase enzymes which confer resistance to the oxyimino-cephalosporins and monobactams.
Study Design: Cross-sectional prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted over a period of 2 years (September 2018 to April 2020) at microbiology laboratory of Nepal Mediciti Hospital.
Methodology: Clinical samples were processed in microbiology laboratory and culture isolates were characterized by standard microbiological techniques following standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Extended spectrum βlactamases were phenotypically confirmed by combined disc method. ESBL producing genes i.e. blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV were confirmed by PCR.
Results: Of the 1449 total Escherichia coli isolates, 323/1449(22.29%) isolates were multidrug resistance. Among total MDR E. coli isolates, 215/323(66.56%) isolates were ESBL producers. The maximum number of ESBL E. coli was isolated from urine 194(90.23%), followed by sputum 12(5.58%), swab 5 (2.32%), pus 2 (0.93%) and blood 2 (0.93%). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of ESBL E. coli producers showed highest sensitivity towards tigecycline (100%) followed by polymyxin B, colistin and meropenem. Out of 215 phenotypically confirmed ESBL E. coli, only 186(86.51%) isolates were found to positive by PCR. The last 29(13.49%) were negative for any of the resistant genes. Among the ESBL genotypes, most common was blaTEM 118(63.4%) followed by blaCTX-M 68(36.6%).
Conclusion: The emergence of ESBL producing E. coli isolates with high antibiotic resistant rates to commonly used antibiotics and increased predominance of major gene types blaTEM is a serious concern to the clinicians as well as microbiologist. This study forwarded a real massage to all the clinicians for the emergence of XDR and PDR resistant bacteria and preservation of antibiotics for their proper use in near future, if past experience with MDR and ESBLs is any indicator.
Aims: This study was focused to find out the ESBL producing Escherichia coli and detection of TEM, SHV and CTXM genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Sialidase Activity in Culture Fluid of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells during Batch Culture and Its Effect on Recombinant Human Antithrombin III Integrity
Authors: Munzert Eberhard , Müthing Johannes , Büntemeyer Heino , Lehmann Jürgen 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSialidase activity in cell‐free supernatant of batch‐cultivated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells producing human recombinant antithrombin III (rhAT III) was monitored during cultivation using 4‐methylumbelliferyl substrate and HPLC for free sialic acid determination. Supernatant sialidase as well as lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly during batch growth. The enhanced number of dead cells correlated with increasing sialidase activity which seemed to be principally due to cell lysis, resulting in release of cytosolic sialidase. Loss of terminally α(2→3) bound sialic acids of the oligosaccharides of rhAT III was analyzed in lectin‐based Western blot and enzyme‐linked lectin assays, using Maackia amurensis and Daturastramoniumagglutinins for specific determination of Neu5Acα(2→3)Gal‐ and Galβ(1→4)GlcNAc‐terminated glycoproteins, respectively. Results show a remarkable loss of terminal sialic acids of rhAT III along with decrease in CHO cell viability and concomitant increase of dead cells throughout long‐term batch cultivation. To avoid this degradation effect, process parameters forcing high viability are essential and harvesting of culture at an early time even at suboptimal recombinant protein concentrations is highly recommended to avoid product desialylation.
Luciferase‐Dependent, Cytochrome P‐450‐Catalyzed Dehalogenation in Genetically Engineered Pseudomonas
Authors: Shanker Rishi , Atkins William M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo investigate the possibility of luciferase‐dependent photoreduction of cytochrome P‐450's in vivo, Vibrio harveyiluciferase was coexpressed with the bacterial cytochrome P‐450cam in Pseudomonas putida. Luciferase expression was under the control of the Pm promoter from the meta‐cleavage TOL operon, incorporated into the chromosome by a mini Tn5‐mediated transposition. Cytochrome P‐450cam expression was controlled by the Ptac‐lac promoter on the broad host range vector pMMB206. Both proteins were expressed in Pseudomonasputida strain MTCC 102 (PpW). This strain does not harbor the cam plasmid, which encodes the enzymes responsible for degradation of the terpene camphor. The metabolic activity of the resulting strain (PpW‐lux‐cam) toward model halogenated compounds was studied. In the absence of the natural cytochrome P‐450cam, electron transfer partners putidaredoxin (PR) and putidaredoxin reductase (Fp), and at low oxygen tension, the bacterial cells efficiently dehalogenate model chlorinated hydrocarbons in a light‐independent reaction. Hexachloroethane and pentachloroethane were metabolized to tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene, respectively, at rates comparable to that of strain PpG786, which carries the cam plasmid. Reductive dehalogenation required the expression of both luciferase and cytochrome P‐450 in the same cells. These results indicate that alternative electron transfer partners may be exploited for cytochrome P‐450‐dependent bioremediation strategies.
Plasma concentrations of disodium cromoglycate after various inhalation methods in healthy subjects
Authors: Kato Y. , Muraki K. , Fujitaka M. , Sakura N. , Ueda K. 
Published: July 2002

Aims
To compare the plasma concentrations of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) following various inhalation procedures in healthy volunteers.
Methods
Nine healthy subjects inhaled 2 mg of aerosol, 20 mg of nebuliser solution only, 20 mg of nebuliser solution mixed with isotonic saline, or 20 mg of nebuliser solution mixed with saline and procaterol, a β2‐adenoceptor agonist, on separate occasions 2–3 weeks apart. Plasma concentrations of DSCG were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.).
Results
The peak plasma concentrations of DSCG were 1.5±0.7 (range 0.4–2.4) ng ml−1 in the aerosol group, 8.8±6.2 (range 5.3–19.9) ng ml−1 in the nebuliser solution only group, 17.2±16.3 (range 5.0–38.6) ng ml−1 in the nebuliser solution plus isotonic saline group, and 24.5±11.9 (range 10.2–44.9) ng ml−1 in the nebuliser solution plus saline and procaterol group. Thus subjects who used the nebuliser had markedly higher plasma concentrations of DSCG than subjects who used the aerosol inhaler.
Conclusions
These findings may have important implications for the evaluation of inhalation treatment with DSCG for bronchial asthma.
Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): analysis of differences in light absorption and light‐use efficiency
Authors: Ruimy A. , Kergoat L. , Bondeau A. , Intercomparison ThE. Participants OF. ThE. Potsdam NpP. Model 
Published: July 2002

SummaryTwelve global net primary productivity (NPP) models were compared: BIOME3, CASA, CARAIB, FBM, GLO‐PEM, HYBRID, KGBM, PLAI, SDBM, SIB2, SILVAN and TURC. These models all use solar radiation as an input, and compute either absorbed solar radiation directly, or the amount of leaves used to absorb solar radiation, represented by the leaf area index (LAI). For all models, we obtained or estimated photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy (APAR). We then computed the light use efficiency for NPP (LUE) on an annual basis as the ratio of NPP to APAR. We analysed the relative importance for NPP of APAR and LUE. The analyses consider the global values of these factors, their spatial patterns represented by latitudinal variations, and the overall grid cell by grid cell variability. Spatial variability in NPP within a model proved to be determined by APAR, and differences among models by LUE. There was a compensation between APAR and LUE, so that global NPP values fell within the range of ‘generally accepted values’. Overall, APAR was lower for satellite driven models than for the other models. Most computed values of LUE were within the range of published values, except for one model.
Incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children aged 0–14 in Japan, 1986–1990, including an analysis for seasonality of onset and month of birth: JDS study
Authors: Kida K. , Mimura G. , Ito T. , Murakami K. , Ashkenazi I. , Laron Z. , Of The Data Committee for Childhood Diabetes , (jds) The Japan Diabetes Society 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aims To detect the incidence of childhood Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (0–14 years) in Japan and to find out whether there is a seasonal pattern in the onset of disease and month of birth of children with diabetes. Methods Ascertained data for the period 1986–1990 could be collected in 35 out of 47 local government areas representing 69.4% of the childhood population (aged 0–14 years) of Japan. Results A total of 1260 children with Type 1 DM were identified (738 girls, 522 boys). With age there was a progressive increase in incidence from 0.7 to 2.1/105 in boys and from 0.6 to 3.5/105 in girls. With the exception of 1987, when a coxsackie B3 virus epidemic was registered, no seasonal variation in the month of onset was observed, nor was a seasonal pattern of the month of birth registered in this cohort. Conclusions Compared to European countries, the USA and Israel, the Japanese cohort of children with diabetes presents the following differences: the incidence is much lower, there is a preponderance of girls and there is (with one exception) no seasonal pattern.
Changes in Quality of Life in Epilepsy: How Large Must They Be to Be Real?
Authors: Wiebe Samuel , Eliasziw Michael , Matijevic Suzan 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: The study goal was to assess the magnitude of change in generic and epilepsy‐specific health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL) instruments needed to exclude chance or error at various levels of certainty in patients with medically refractory epilepsy.Methods: Forty patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and clearly defined criteria of clinical stability received HRQOL measurements twice, 3 months apart, using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory‐89 and ‐31 (QOLIE‐89 and QOLIE‐31), Liverpool Impact of Epilepsy, adverse drug events, seizure severity scales, and the Generic Health Utilities Index (HUI‐III). Standard error of measurement and test‐retest reliability were obtained for all scales and for QOLIE‐89 subscales. Using the Reliable Change Index described by Jacobson and Truax, we assessed the magnitude of change required by HRQOL instruments to be 90 and 95% certain that real change has occurred, as opposed to change due to chance or measurement error.Results: Clinical features, point estimates and distribution of HRQOL measures, and test‐retest reliability (all > 0.70) were similar to those previously reported. Score changes of ±13 points in QOLIE‐89, ±15 in QOLIE‐31, ±6.3 in Liverpool seizure severity–ictal, ±11 in Liverpool adverse drug events, ±0.25 in HUI‐III, and ±9.5 in impact of epilepsy exclude chance or measurement error with 90% certainty. These correspond, respectively, to 13, 15, 17, 18, 25, and 32% of the potential range of change of each instrument.Conclusions: Threshold values for real change varied considerably among HRQOL tools but were relatively small for QOLIE‐89, QOLIE‐31, Liverpool Seizure Severity, and adverse drug events. In some instruments, even relatively large changes cannot rule out chance or measurement error. The relation between the Reliable Change Index and other measures of change and its distinction from measures of minimum clinically important change are discussed.
Development and Validation of a Risk‐Adjustment Index for Older Patients: The High‐Risk Diagnoses for the Elderly Scale
Authors: Desai Mayur M. , Bogardus Sidney T. , Williams Christianna S. , Vitagliano Gail , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a risk‐adjustment index for 1‐year mortality specific to older people, based on administrative discharge diagnoses.DESIGN:Two prospective cohort studies, in tandem. The index developed in the initial cohort was subsequently validated in a separate cohort.SETTING:General medicine service of a university teaching hospital.PARTICIPANTS:For the development cohort, 524 hospitalized general medical patients aged 70 and older. For the validation cohort, 852 comparable patients.MEASUREMENTS:Administrative diagnosis data were used to construct the proposed index and several other widely used indices (Deyo‐adapted Charlson; Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation III conditions; total number of diagnoses; All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups; and Disease Staging). We used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling to compare our proposed index with the other indices with respect to predictive accuracy and strength of association with 1‐year mortality.RESULTS:The High‐Risk Diagnoses for the Elderly Scale was developed using 10 high‐risk medical diagnoses. Individual condition weights, based on the magnitude of 1‐year mortality risk, ranged from 1 (pneumonia, diabetes mellitus with end‐organ damage) to 6 (lymphoma/leukemia); possible index scores ranged from 0 to 27. Mortality rates for patients categorized into four risk groups based on the index were 9.5%, 31.8%, 46.4%, and 73.6% in the development cohort (C statistic = 0.76), and 9.9%, 24.3%, 33.6%, and 50.8% in the validation subjects (C statistic = 0.68). The new index was a stronger predictor of mortality than several widely used measures.CONCLUSION:The High‐Risk Diagnoses for the Elderly Scale, based on readily available administrative data, is a simple, accurate system for prediction of 1‐year mortality in older hospitalized patients that demonstrated generalizability to an independent sample. Future studies are needed to test this index in other settings and populations. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:474–481, 2002.
A new family of Langmuir–Blodgett films of tetracyanoquinodimethane charge transfer salts: Pristine and iodine doped conducting films
Authors: Vandevyer M. , Richard J. , Barraud A. , Ruaudel-Teixier A. , Lequan M. , Lequan R. M. 
Published: July 2002

A new family of semiamphiphilic tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) ionic salts of nonconjugated cations, namely octadecyl-dimethylsulfonium, octadecyl-methyl-ethyl-sulfonium, and octadecyl-trimethylphosphonium labeled a, b, and c, respectively, has been synthetized. Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films are built up from these three compounds, which are mixed with octadecylurea in a molar ratio 1/1, in order to improve the stability of the film at the water surface. The structural properties of the transferred films are thoroughly investigated by linear dichroism in the IR and UV–visible ranges, together with ESR spectroscopy. In the films of the three compounds, the polar sheets contain (TCNQ− • )2 dimers, which are the largely prevalent species. The molecular planes of these dimers are found to be roughly parallel to the substrate. Moreover, a strong in-plane orientation of the dimers is found in films of compound c. This phenomenon is thought to be related to an overall flow orientation of rod-shaped crystallites in the floating film, during the high speed downstroke of the substrate across the film. Advantage is taken from the high and well-controlled thinness of LB films to make iodine vapor diffuse into the films and convert the precursor films into conducting ones. The iodination process leads for the three salts to a stable ternary conducting compound located in the polar planes of the LB assembly. Correlatively, it induces a strong molecular reorganization in the films: the TCNQ molecules stand on edge with their long molecular axis perpendicular to the substrate. In spite of this considerable rearrangement arising from iodination, we notice that the strong in-plane anisotropy observed in pristine films of c is retained in conducting films of the iodinated c compound. Beside these structural results,
the IR spectra of conducting films are reminiscent of these of highly conducting, but not metallic-like, organic conductors. The conductivity of the films is estimated from their IR spectra and found to be 20–50 Ω−1 cm−1. However, dc conductivity measurements provide a value at least ten times lower than the one estimated from IR spectra. This behavior is likely related to the polycrystalline nature of the films whose macroscopic inhomogeneities are evidenced by scanning electron microscopy.
Quasiclassical trajectory studies of N+OH, O+NH, and H+NO collisions using global ab initio potential energy surfaces
Authors: Guadagnini Renee , Schatz George C. , Walch Stephen P. 
Published: July 2002

We present a quasiclassical trajectory study of the collisions which occur on the 1A′, 3A″, and 1A″ potential surfaces of HNO using recently developed global potential surfaces that were derived from ab initio calculations. Each of these surfaces was assumed to be uncoupled from the other surfaces for the purposes of the calculations, and the appropriate statistical average of electronic states for each process was calculated. For N+OH and O+NH, we specifically studied reactive collisions which give H+NO as products, and we also studied the production of N+OH from O+NH. Overall rate constants calculated for either N+OH or O+NH are in good agreement with most experiments, and in addition, the product NO vibrational distribution from the N+OH reaction is in good correspondence with recent measurements, revealing modest excitation that is close to what would be expected from a statistical distribution. For O+NH, the calculated NO vibrational distributions are much hotter than statistical, in apparent disagreement with recent measurements. However, a careful analysis of limitations on the measurements due to spectral interference and to collisional relaxation indicates that it is not possible to say if theory and experiment are at odds for this reaction. We find a significant cross section for O+NH→N+OH on the 3A″ surface (roughly 5% of the total reactive cross section, independent of energy), and this leads to rate constants at low temperatures that are orders of magnitude higher at low temperature than estimates made earlier based on H atom abstraction on the 5Π surface.
The mechanism of this reaction is found to involve three steps: addition to form HNO, isomerization to HON, and dissociation to produce N+OH. We have also studied nonreactive vibrational and rotational excitation in H+NO collisions, and we obtain distributions that are somewhat closer to experiment than obtained in previous theoretical studies, although there are still points of disagreement. We find that reactive H+NO→N+OH collisions have absolute cross sections and average NO rotational excitation that are in excellent agreement with recent fast H atom measurements.
Linear algebraic groups and countable Borel equivalence relations
Authors: Adams Scot , Kechris Alexander 
Published: July 2002

If

R
i

R_i

is an equivalence relation on a standard Borel space

B
i

(
i
=
1
,
2
)

B_i\ (i=1,2)

, then we say that

R
1

R_1

is Borel reducible to

R
2

R_2

if there is a Borel function

f
:

B
1

→

B
2

f: B_1\to B_2

such that

(
x
,
y
)
∈

R
1

⇔
(
f
(
x
)
,
f
(
y
)
)
∈

R
2

(x,y)\in R_1 \Leftrightarrow (f(x),f(y))\in R_2

. An equivalence relation

R
R

on a standard Borel space

B
B

is Borel if its graph is a Borel subset of

B
×
B

B\times B

. It is countable if each of its equivalence classes is countable. We investigate the complexity of Borel reducibility of countable Borel equivalence relations on standard Borel spaces. We show that it is at least as complex as the relation of inclusion on the collection of Borel subsets of the real line. We also show that Borel reducibility is

Σ

2

1

{\boldsymbol \Sigma }^{\boldsymbol 1}_{\boldsymbol 2}

-complete. The proofs make use of the ergodic theory of linear algebraic groups, and more particularly the superrigidity theory of R. Zimmer.
The PSIPRED protein structure prediction server
Authors: McGuffin Liam J. , Bryson Kevin , Jones David T. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: The PSIPRED protein structure prediction server allows users to submit a protein sequence, perform a prediction of their choice and receive the results of the prediction both textually via e-mail and graphically via the web. The user may select one of three prediction methods to apply to their sequence: PSIPRED, a highly accurate secondary structure prediction method; MEMSAT 2, a new version of a widely used transmembrane topology prediction method; or GenTHREADER, a sequence profile based fold recognition method.
Availability: Freely available to non-commercial users at http://globin.bio.warwick.ac.uk/psipred/
Contact: david.jones@brunel.ac.uk