bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIVIL SOCIETY ASSISTANCE POLICY IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE US POLICE
Authors: Саетгараев В.Ф. 
Published: May 2022

Введение: в статье рассматриваются общественные отношения, складывающиеся в сфере взаимодействия полиции США и гражданского общества, укрепление и развитие сотрудничества полиции с институтами гражданского общества официально объявлено важным направлением деятельности полиции во многих странах. Институты полиции и гражданского общества становятся важными субъектами осуществления правоохраны современных государств, партнерами в практике обеспечения охраны общественного порядка и общественной безопасности.Материалы и методы: основу исследования образуют зарубежные и отечественные научные труды, публикации и нормативные правовые документы. Методологическую основу исследования составили общий диалектический метод научного познания, общенаучные: системный, структурный, функциональный и специальные: формально-юридический, историко-правовой, сравнительно-пра­вовой методы исследований.Результаты исследования позволили определить специфику формирования партнерских отношений полиции США и институтов гражданского общества, которая позволяет эффективно противодействовать преступности.Выводы и заключения: проанализированный опыт взаимодействия полиции США и гражданского общества при реализации правоохранительных задач дал возможность охарактеризовать партнёрскую модель взаимодействия.
Introduction: the article examines the social relations developing in the field of interaction between the US police and civil society; the strengthening and development of cooperation between the police and civil society institutions is officially declared an important area of police activity in many countries. Institutions of the police and civil society are becoming important actors in the implementation of law enforcement in modern states, partners in the practice of ensuring the protection of public order and public safety.Materials and methods: the basis of the research is formed by international, foreign and domestic normative legal documents, scientific works and publications. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge, general scientific: systemic, structural, functional and special: formal legal, historical legal, comparative legal research methods.The results of the study allowed to determine the specifics of the formation of partnerships between the US police and civil society institutions, which allows you to effectively combat crime.Findings and conclusions: the analyzed experience of interaction between the US police and civil society in the implementation of law enforcement tasks made it possible to characterize the partnership model of interaction.
Penatalaksanaan Senam Kaki Diabetik Terhadap Kadar Gula Pada Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Elyta Tuti , Sari Octarina Piko  
Published: May 2022

Diabetic foot exercise is one of the independent measures that must be taken to prevent the risk of gangrene in patients with diabetes mellitus.The purpose of this study is to gainreal experience and knowledge and be able to document the management of diabetes exercise on blood sugar levels in Diabetes Mellitus nursing care. This research method is a type of scientific paper that uses a descriptive method with a case study approach to explore the problem of Nursing Care in two patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nursing care was carried out on two patients which was carried out on 24-26 August 2020. The target sample is elderly adult patients. The results of the study of sugar levels before the diabetic foot exercise was carried out on Ny. A is 238 mg/dl while Mr. D is 135 mg/dl. sugar levels after diabetic foot exercise on Ny. A is 190 mg/dl at a TnD of 130 mg/dl. The comparison of sugar levels on the third day on Mrs. A was 48 mg/dl on Tn D of 5 mg/dl. Based on the conclusion, progress notes for the two patients who underwent diabetes exercise management on sugar levels in the nursing care of Diabetes Mellitus patients, the comparison of the results of the analysis found that Mrs A and Mr D had a good decrease in the value of their blood sugar levels.
Analisis Pengaruh Tingkat Pemahaman Dan Kendala Yang Di Hadapi Penumpang Terhadap Pemahaman Penggunaan Web Check-In Pada Maskapai Citilink
Authors: Afifa Agustus  , Fryda Fatmayati  
Published: May 2022

To reduce crowds during a pandemics, the airlines convenience prospective passengers to check-in via web check-in, but due to lack of socialization from the airline, passengers are still confused and hesitant to use it due to lack of knowledge about web check-in Citilink airline at Adi Soemarmo Ineternational Airport, Solo. Many passengers still do manual check-in. The purpose of this study determine how much the analysis of the influence level of understanding and constraints on passengers on understanding of web check-in Citilink Airlines at Adi Soemarmo International Airport. This Research uses a quantitative method. The population is all Citilink passengers at the Adi Soemarmo Solo International Airport from September to October. The technique in this study is a purposive sampling, this data processing use a questionnaire, and the data processing use the SPSS 21 software program. The data analysis used validity test, reliability test, multiple linear regression, T test, F test, and coefficient of determination (R2). The results of the analysis on the F is F count > F table, there is an influence on the level of understanding and obstacles faced by passengers on understanding of web check-in on Citilink airlines at Adi Soemarmo Solo International Airport. And the result of the coefficient of determination (R2) of 51,1% means the variable understanding of web check-in can explained by the variable level of understanding and obstacles faced by passengers, while 48,9% is explained by other variables.
Fully Known Yet Wholly Unknowable
Authors: Cufurovic Mirela 
Published: May 2022

The Balkan region has left scholars perplexed over its origin and definition, to which they have provided different answers. This challenge stems from the region’s long history; a history where civilisations met, collided, and even merged leading to a dynamic, multilayered region. However, one civilisation stuck with the Balkans centuries after its demise – the Ottoman Empire. This Ottoman legacy marked the Balkans as “the ‘other’ within” Europe at the turn of the nineteenth century when scholars and travel writers began to attach political connotations to the name. Being referred to as ‘Turkey-inEurope,’ the identity of the Balkans became premised on the dichotomy of East versus West, in which the Balkans represented the East – the Orient – purely because of its Ottoman history. It is for this reason that the Balkans, more than any other geographical appellation, conjure up pejorative connotations. So much so, that many tend to either avoid the term altogether – including the Balkan nation-states – or use an ostensibly neutral term like ‘South-east Europe’ to refer to the region. And so, the question remains: who are the Balkans?
This paper examines the ground between historical reality and Western imagination regarding the Balkans by focusing on Balkan identity as conflicted between East and West, and explores the extent to which Balkan scholarship has ‘Orientalised’ the region, whereupon the Balkan nation-states began to disassociate themselves from the Balkan label to appear more ‘European.’ The paper will argue it is because of this complexity – the divide between East and West – that the Balkan region is, paradoxically, fully known yet wholly unknowable: known to Europe, yet distant from it due to its Oriental past and tendencies.
Muslim Memories in Victoria
Authors: Haveric Dzavid 
Published: May 2022

There is no history of Islam in Australia without a history of Muslim communities; there is no history of these Muslim communities without the memories of Australian Muslims. Within Australia’s religiously pluralistic mosaic there is no history of the Muslim faith without sharing universal values with other faiths.
This paper is primarily based on empirical research undertaken in Victoria. It is a pioneering exploration of the building of multiethnic Muslim communities and interfaith relations from the 1950s to the 1980s. It is part of much broader research on the history of Islam in Australia. It is kaleidoscopic in its gathering of individual and family migrant memories from Muslims in all walks of life. It includes an older Muslim generation as well as those who came later, in subsequent waves. Muslim interviewees in the research were migrants of various ethnicities from Albania, Bosnia, Cyprus, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Tanzania and Kenya. Muslim men and women are represented, and also those born in Australia. This research was enhanced by consulting Islamic and Christian archival sources.
Reading Rashid Al-Ghannushi’s Debate on Human Rights
Authors: Sofi Mohammad Dawood 
Published: May 2022

Human rights, a hotly debated issue in the 1970s Muslim world, engaged diverse groups like governments, political activists, civil society members, intellectuals, thinkers and even common people. Though not a novel development, the phenomenon represented renewed interest by individuals and groups regarding many issues, including democracy and secularism. Shaykh Rāshid al-Ghannūshi ̇̄ – the ‘most adroit and flexible’ Tunisian Islamic reformist leader and primary ideologue of Ḥizb al-Nahḍah – is a prominent voice who discussed widely the issue of human rights. In this regard, his famous book al-Ḥurri ̇̄yyāt al-‘Ᾱmah fi ̇̄ al-Dawlah al-Islāmiyyah represents a core strand of his thought.
In the contemporary era, Ghannūshi ̇̄, through his prolific writing and appealing intellectual discourse, especially on the issues of Islam–West relations, democracy, pluralism and human rights, engages the minds of intellectuals globally. Considering the global importance of this religio-political thinker, the current study, while exploring how the concept of human rights emerged in the West, will examine and explore objectively Ghannūshi ̇̄’s views on human rights. Moreover, this article will focus on understanding his vision about hotly debated issues such as apostasy, freedom in Islam and the West, and the rights of women.
The Role of the Qur’ānic Principle of Wasaṭiyyah in Guiding Islamic Movements
Authors: Mohamed Nabil Yasien 
Published: May 2022

This paper discusses the Qur’ānic principle of wasaṭiyyah (moderation/middle-way) towards guiding the Islamic movement and building an applied Islamic ethics. It demonstrates the application of the principle of wasaṭiyyah in the spheres of politics, civic engagement, spirituality, jurisprudence and theology. Wasaṭiyyah is an expression of the universal Qur’ānic principle of justice (adl). In the primary Qur’ānic verse on wasaṭiyyah, it describes the Muslim community as a witness of moderation to other nations. Observing the principle of wasaṭiyyah may draw individuals, the community and Islamic movements towards a middle-way. The paper will focus on modernist and Islamist movements in the late nineteenth and twentieth century. To reverse extremist tendencies among fringe groups within these movements, a practical methodology on the foundations of a centrist-based approach is needed. Through embracing Islam’s teachings on moderation, truth and justice the consequences of extremism may be remedied. The Islamic movement as a collective endeavour to guide humanity to Islam and restore the message of tawḥīd in the hearts, minds and lives of Muslims will be studied through the prism of wasaṭiyyah. The paper attempts to develop an applied Islamic ethics on the theoretical framework of wasaṭiyyah and maqāsid al-Sharī’ah (Objectives of Islamic Law) towards guiding the Islamic movement to promote justice and moderation. Thus, through harmonising wasaṭiyyah and maqāsid al-Sharī‘ah we may develop a balanced legal model, synthesising the ethical and legal face of the Islamic tradition.
Mahomet Allum
Authors: Batchelor Daud Abdul-Fattah 
Published: May 2022

Mahomet Allum, an Afghan herbalist whose family practised medicine over centuries, arrived in 1891,and spent most of his life in Australia, eventually settling in Adelaide. He endeared himself especially to the poor and labour class, in treating their illnesses efficaciously without payment. He donated effusively to charities, and disseminated Islamic knowledge.
Allum criticised contemporary Australian medical practices – he pioneered campaigning in Australia against inhumane use of live animals for vivisection and pathological testing, and injecting animal serums into humans. He stood on his principles in the ensuing challenge between tradition and modernity, which ended in court with him being convicted for claiming to be a ‘physician’, which witnesses denied. The accounts reviewed suggest Mahomet Allum’s herbalist skill was likely superior to many Western medical outcomes in the 1930s, implying that healing capabilities of traditional Afghan cum Islamic medicine were only equalled in the past century. Allum was a rarity in challenging the prevailing view of European racial superiority. His reported shortcomings were that he lost no opportunity to promote himself, and his critique of ‘Western’ medicine, including vaccinations. Sadly, his wife died from smallpox for which effective vaccination had been discovered and used in Ottoman Turkey before 1700.
ANZAC Muslims
Authors: Haveric Dzavid 
Published: May 2022

When the Commonwealth of Australia became immersed in two World Wars, Australian Muslims accepted the national call – they shed their blood and gave their lives for Australia’s freedom and democracy. With their Australian brothers-in-arms and allies they fought courageously with honour against their common enemies in different battlefields – but this is an almost forgotten history.
Muslims in Australia were challenged by Britain’s imperial might and by their status as British subjects and ‘aliens’ to take part in ANZAC showing their commitment to their adopted country. The virtue of justice, sense of responsibility and loyalty are peculiar qualities that find their full justification in the organised welfare of Australian society.
This pioneering article, based on ongoing research on ANZAC Muslims, makes known their unique contribution. It reveals historic facts about ANZAC Muslims who were members of what has come to be known as the Heroic Generation. Although their names have not appeared in history books, they achieved the glory of victory for a better future for new generations to come. Their contribution is part of Australian National Heritage – Lest we forget.
Revulsion and Reflection
Authors: Nebhan Katy 
Published: May 2022

Since the 1980s, much has been made about the lives of Australia’s first Muslim settlers, the ‘Afghan cameleers’, their pioneering achievements and the suffering they endured through Australia’s discriminatory policies and immigration laws. However, little, if any, academic attention has been given to the converts to Islam during this same period, many of whom were striving to rid the Australian public of misconceptions surrounding their new faith to end this discrimination and ignorance.
This article briefly looks at the way Australia’s news media presented and perceived Australian Muslims from the arrival of the first cameleer settlers in the 1860s to the first few decades of the twentieth century when ‘White’ converts were increasing and unwittingly propelling Islam onto the public stage. While protectionist policies, particularly leading up to Federation, saw numerous unfavourable images of ‘coloured’ Muslims in the Australian print media, there was a subtle but significant change at the turn of the twentieth century. While the White Australia Policy stood in the face of Australia’s Asiatic Muslims, it was largely irrelevant to the growing number of European and Australian converts who sought to subvert it in order to lift the Australian Muslim community of which they were part.
Why an Interest-Free Economy was Instituted from Early Religious Zeal?
Authors: Setiawan Romi Adetio 
Published: May 2022

At the end of 19th century, the Muslim scholars realized that the current banking system and economy was interest-based (riba) in all forms of transactions whether commercial or non-commercial. After the 20th century, proponents of Islamic economics put forward the establishment of a modern banking system that adhered to sharia principles and banned all forms of riba. It is important to note that the restriction on interest (riba) was also prevailed even among the non-Muslims and the origins of interest prohibition can be traced back to the Jewish and Christian faiths. However, the issue of prohibiting interest in modern financial system is still a matter of debate among Islamic jurists and this often cause confusion and inconsistency as to which the case of riba can be applied. This article argues that, whereas riba is expressly prohibited in all aspects of religion in the classical religious context, the modern practice of the interest system in Islamic finance is still debated in the context of contemporary society.
PHÂN TÍCH VÀ DIỄN TẤU MỘT SỐ CA KHÚC MANG ÂM HƯỞNG DÂN CA ĐƯỢC CHUYỂN SOẠN CHO ĐÀN NGUYỆT
Authors: Phạm Ngọc Đỉnh 
Published: May 2022

Đàn nguyệt là một nhạc cụ có vị trí quan trọng trong dàn nhạc sân khấu truyền thống của các thể loại hát chèo, dân ca, cải lương, chầu văn... Đàn nguyệt có thể tạo ra những âm thanh mộc mạc với âm sắc đặc thù phản ánh được nhiều trạng thái tình cảm. Ngoài vai trò đệm hát, độc tấu, hòa tấu cùng dàn nhạc dân tộc, đàn nguyệt còn thể hiện tốt những tác phẩm đương đại. Để khai thác thêm nhiều tính năng của cây đàn, một số nhạc sĩ đã chuyển soạn những ca khúc mang âm hưởng dân ca dành riêng cho đàn nguyệt nhằm làm phong phú hơn chất liệu âm nhạc.
Studi Kualitatif Fasilitas Kesehatan Lansia Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung Jakarta Timur Tahun 2018
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Ohoitenan Nurlela 
Published: May 2022

Berdasarkan data proyeksi penduduk, diperkirakan tahun 2017 terdapat 23,66 juta jiwa penduduk lansia di Indonesia. DKI Jakarta mencatat bahwa jumlah lansia terlantar berjumlah 5991 orang pada tahun 2014. Berdasarkan data BPS pada 2014, tidak diketahui berapa jumlah lansia dari total 20,24 juta lansia atau setara 8,03% penduduk Indonesia yang tinggal di panti jompo Keberadaan panti werdha untuk menampung para lansia di Indonesia merupakan salah satu bentuk perhatian pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan Analisis Fasilitas Kesehatan Lanjut Usia (Lansia) Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia1 Cipayung Kota Jakarta Timur Tahun 2018, khusus untuk mengetahui karakteristik lansia dan keadaan patient safety di panti tersebut.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenology. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni dan Juli 2018. Dalam penelitian ini teknik yang dipilih yaitu Sampling Purposive, karena pertimbangan keterbatasan waktu, tenaga dan dana dalam melakukan penelitian. Data yang diambil adalah wawancara mendalam, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan triangulasi.
Secara umum patient safety di kamar mandi panti cukup bagus. Situasi kamar mandi lansia ada yang menggunakan wc duduk dan wc jongkok, lantai kamar mandi bersih dan tidak licin tersedianya pegangan/handrail di setiap jalan untuk lansia. Tempat tidur yang digunakan para lansia masih belum memenuhi persyaratan standar yang diharuskan. Kondisi ini ditambah dengan prilaku penghuni yang tidak menjaga kebersihan tempat tidur. terdapat tanda-tanda peringatan di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha antara lain tanda hati-hati yang di jalan menuju ke kamar mandi dan lantai yang licin, terdapat juga tanda jalur evakuasi di sepanjang jalan. Tanda peringatan di panti digunakan sebagai fungsi untuk memberikan informasi tentang kondisi seperti larangan, peringatan, persyaratan lebih dari pertolongan.
Taxing Middle Class Trust(s)
Authors: Champine Pamela 
Published: May 2022

The Internal Revenue Code is, by all accounts, the Inequitable Revenue Code. The middle class bears a disproportionately high percentage of the overall tax burden, in part, because complex interactions of various provisions of the Code produce unintended results. Tax simplification addresses this aspect of inequity, and so it is a centerpiece of tax reform. Simplification itself, however, can produce unintended complexity and exacerbate inequity if the drafting and interpretation of the simplification provisions are removed from the realities to which they will apply.A prime example of unintended inequity brought about by tax simplification is section 67(e). Section 67 denies individuals a deduction for specified expenditures (labeled “miscellaneous itemized deductions”) except to the extent that they exceed 2% of that individual’s adjusted gross income. Section 67(e) extends this “deduction reduction” to trusts except for expenditures that “. . . would not have been incurred if the property were not held in [trust].” The purpose of section 67(e), as its language suggests, was to assure that section 67’s “deduction reduction” could not be circumvented by placing income producing assets in trust. Yet section 67(e), as it is presently interpreted, affords a tax advantage to trusts established by taxpayers wealthy enough to accumulate income for future generations and at the same time disadvantages those who establish smaller trusts for non-tax purposes as well as outright owners.
Hidden Foreign Aid
Authors: Pozen David E. 
Published: May 2022

Few issues in global politics are as contentious as foreign aid - how much rich countries should give, in what ways, to whom. For years, it has been a commonplace that U.S. policies are stingy. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) routinely ranks the United States far behind its industrialized peers in official development assistance (ODA), measured as a percentage of gross national income (GNI). An endless parade of critics has implored the government to do more; some suggest that the Bush Administration's support for the Monterrey Consensus, which sets a goal of increasing assistance to 0.7% of GNI, commits it to do more. Against these allegations of miserliness, executive officials and certain sympathetic scholars have begun to argue that the published statistics are misleading because they fail to account for individual and corporate philanthropy. What the OECD misses, this argument runs, is the exceptional extent of Americans' private generosity. What both sides of the debate have missed, this Article proposes, is not the role of the private sector in generating foreign aid but the role of tax expenditures in subsidizing it. Better known as tax breaks or loopholes, tax expenditures are deviations from the normal tax structure "designed to favor a particular industry, activity, or class of persons." They take the form of deductions, exemptions, exclusions, deferrals, credits, or preferential rates. Economically, these "expenditures" may be seen as equivalent to direct government outlays: if U.S. taxpayers saved $70 billion last year from, say, the mortgage interest deduction, the government therefore gave a $70 billion (implicit) subsidy to homeownership. Stanley Surrey pioneered the theory of tax expenditures in the late 1960s, and the concept is now widely, though not universally, credited. Since 1974, Congress has required the annual publication of a tax expenditure budget.