bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angeborene Fehlbildungen der ableitenden
Tränenwege
Authors: Heichel Jens , Heindl Ludwig M. , Struck Hans-Gert 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie konnatale Tränenwegstenose ist der häufigste Grund einer ophthalmologischen
Konsultation im Kindesalter. Sie ist mit Abstand am häufigsten bedingt durch
eine persistierende Hasner-Membran. Aber es können selten auch angeborene
Fehlbildungen der Tränenwege auftreten. Im Bereich der proximalen ableitenden
Tränenwege kann es zur Anlage überzähliger Tränenpünktchen und Tränenröhrchen
kommen, aber auch zu Divertikeln, Fisteln und Atresien. Die distalen ableitenden
Tränenwege können von Fisteln, Amniotozelen und Zysten betroffen sein. Eine
Assoziation von Tränenwegfehlbildungen mit angeborenen systemischen Erkrankungen
wird in ca. 10% der Fälle beschrieben. In Abhängigkeit vom Schweregrad der
Symptome kann eine chirurgische Sanierung erfolgen, wobei endoskopische
Verfahren mit den Möglichkeiten der modernen Tränenwegschienungen wichtige
Ergänzungen darstellen.
The Burden of Hypercoagulability in COVID-19
Authors: Kim Madeleine , George Andrew , Ganti Latha , Huang Derrick , Carman Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has widespread impact on multiple organ systems, including damage to endothelial cells. Various studies have found evidence for direct mechanisms by which interaction between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and endothelial cells lead to extensive damage to the latter, and indirect mechanisms, such as excessively elevated cytokines, can also result in the same outcome. Damage to the endothelium results in release of thrombotic factors and inhibition of fibrinolysis. This confers a significant hypercoagulability burden on patients infected or recovering from COVID-19 infection. In this case report, the authors report the case of a gentleman presenting with extensive deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, in the context of recent COVID-19 infection. The postulated mechanisms and management are discussed.
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Far Lateral Approach
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Leonel Luciano , Nguyen Bachtri T. , Morris Jonathan M. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J. , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Skull base neuroanatomy is classically taught using surgical atlases. Although these texts are critical and rich resources for learning three-dimensional (3D) relationships between key structures, we believe they could be optimized and complemented with step-by-step anatomical dissections to fully meet the learning needs of trainees.
Methods Six sides of three formalin-fixed latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification. A far lateral craniotomy was performed by each of three neurosurgery resident/fellow at varying stages of training. The study objective was the completion and photodocumentation of the craniotomy to accompany a stepwise description of the exposure to provide a comprehensive, intelligible, and anatomically oriented resource for trainees at any level. Illustrative case examples were prepared to supplement approach dissections.
Results The far lateral approach provides a wide and versatile corridor for posterior fossa operation, with access spanning the entire cerebellopontine angle (CPA), foramen magnum, and upper cervical region.
Key Steps Include The study includes the following steps: positioning and skin incision, myocutaneous flap, placement of burr holes and sigmoid trough, fashioning of the craniotomy bone flap, bilateral C1 laminectomy, occipital condyle/jugular tubercle drilling, and dural opening.
Conclusion Although more cumbersome than the retrosigmoid approach, a far lateral craniotomy offers unparalleled access to lesions centered lower or more medially in the CPA, as well as those with significant extension into the clival or foramen magnum regions. Dissection-based neuroanatomic guides to operative approaches provide a unique and rich resource for trainees to comprehend, prepare for, practice, and perform complex cranial operations, such as the far lateral craniotomy.
The 7-point Shape and The 9-point Shape: An Innovative Nonsurgical Approach to Improve the Facial Shape
Authors: de Maio Maurício 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTreatment with injectable fillers is considered to be intrinsically associated with the understanding of facial anatomy and appropriate techniques. However, a more comprehensive understanding of facial structure is critical to improving facial shape. This article presents two Nonsurgical approaches developed from the MD Codes system denominated “The 7-point Shape” and “The 9-point Shape.” Both techniques were designed to help create a more feminine and masculine look, respectively. The aim is to provide foundation for the midface (cheek) and contour for the lower face (chin and jawline) and indirectly improve the facial signs that patients usually focus on when looking for aesthetic treatment (lines, folds, jowls, double chin, etc.). The MD Codes platform aims to deliver an alternative to surgery with injectables. The 7-point Shape and The 9-point Shape may provide visible results immediately after treatment.
Diagnosis of Knee Joint Osteoarthritis by Bioelectrical Impedance Plethysmography
Authors: Saxena Rajendra Kumar , Anand Sneh , Guha Sujoy Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiagnosis of knee joint osteoarthritis (KJO) at early stages can prolong the progression of disabling degenerative ailments. Mostly, diagnosis of KJO is based on patient complaints about difficulty with locomotion and is clinically diagnosed based on gait and features. Classical radiographic and MRI images further validated the presence of KJO. Due to the economic and limited accessibility of the above services in India and neighboring countries, a large number of patients with KJO continue to suffer without a diagnosis. There is a need to develop a cost-effective, quick, simple, non-invasive, and reliable diagnostic technique for the onset of KJO. The present study aims to monitor the conductivity changes and impedance fluctuations using an electrical impedance plethysmograph. Impedance fluctuations recorded in normal and osteoarthritis patients showed marked differences. The analysis of these records can identify early damage to the joint.
Risk Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Octogenarians Can Help Stratify the Need for Colonoscopy
Authors: Xiao Amy Y. , Anandabaskaran Sulakchanan , Ow Maggie M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective Colonoscopy is increasingly performed in octogenarians for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), but its benefits may be outweighed by its risks. The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors for CRC in octogenarians presenting for colonoscopy to help stratify the need for this procedure.
Methods A retrospective analysis of 434 patients aged ≥ 80 years referred for a colonoscopy between January 2018 and December 2019. Comparisons were made between those with and without CRC and advanced adenoma (AA). The primary endpoint was to identify the clinical variables predictive of CRC and AA, and the secondary endpoints were complications and death 30 days after the procedure.
Results Colonoscopy was performed in 434 octogenarians, predominantly for symptoms, with CRC in 65 (15.0%) patients. Iron deficiency was associated with a higher risk of having CRC identified on colonoscopy (odds ratio [OR]: 2.33; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] =  1.36–4.00), but not symptoms such as bleeding, weight loss, or diarrhea. A colonoscopy in the last 10 years was protective, with a lower risk of CRC (OR: 0.45; 95%CI = 0.22–0.93). Patients with both normal iron stores and a colonoscopy within 10 years had a 92.5% chance of not having CRC. No variables were predictive of AA. Patients with complications, including death, were older and more likely to have underlying cardiorespiratory disease.
Conclusion Iron status and colonoscopy within 10 years can be used to predict the risk of CRC in octogenarians. Those with low predicted risk, especially if older and with cardiorespiratory disease, should be considered for non-invasive tests, such as computed tomography (CT) colonography, over colonoscopy.
Effect of uranium deficiency on normal and superconducting properties in unconventional superconductor UTe2
Authors: Haga Y , Opletal P , Tokiwa Y , Yamamoto E , Tokunaga Y , Kambe S , Sakai H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Single crystals of the unconventional superconductor UTe2 have been grown in various conditions which result in different superconducting transition temperature as well as normal state properties. Stoichiometry of the samples has been characterized by the single-crystal x-ray crystallography and electron microprobe analyses. Superconducting samples are nearly stoichiometric within an experimental error of about 1%, while non-superconducting sample significantly deviates from the ideal composition. The superconducting UTe2 showed that the large density of states was partially gapped in the normal state, while the non-superconducting sample is characterized by the relatively large electronic specific heat as reported previously.
Pair structure, diffusion and pressure in liquid CuZr alloys from ab initio simulations: assessing the sensitivity to the energy cutoff
Authors: Amokrane S , Ayadim A , Levrel L , Jakse N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An accurate determination of the liquid structure, dynamics and thermodynamics on the same footing from ab initio molecular dynamics requires particular attention in setting up the electronic structure calculation. Using two well established simulation codes implementing the density functional theory with modern projector augmented wave sets, extensive ab initio molecular dynamics runs have been performed on the CuZr liquid alloy, a prototype of glass-forming alloys. Simulation cells involving about 3000 electrons and energy cutoffs from 285 up to 640 eV, well above the values usually taken in simulations of liquid alloys have been used. The influence of the energy cutoff on structural and thermodynamic properties is examined, with a view to estimating the limiting values required for providing reliable reference data for the classical simulations with parametrized force fields. The impact on classical simulations is illustrated with optimized embedded atom model potentials using the force matching method. The various data collected confirm that the ionic pair structure and the diffusion are indeed well converged for energy cutoffs larger than about 285 eV. The greater sensitivity observed for the pressure underlines the necessity to pay more attention to the question of incomplete basis set and the structure independent electronic contributions.
Rapid estimation of π by weighing triangles, circles, and ellipses
Authors: Pili Unofre B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article presents a simple, fast, and equally accurate technique for measuring the area of a circle and of an ellipse without using geometric formulas. This therefore, together with the known radius of the circle and the semi-major and semi-minor axes of the ellipse, allows for the calculation of π. The experiment is easy, thrilling, and fun to replicate as a math or physics classroom activity, for high school freshmen or sophomore, in celebration of the famous constant and irrational number. In addition, the graphical data reveal an empirical derivation of the area of the circle and of the ellipse which is academically-enriching, for the students most specially.
Pendulum: the partial and global approach
Authors: Lopes Coelho Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The pendulum was an important scientific instrument in the 17th century. It became a typical textbook problem in the 18th century. After the introduction of vectors in physics in the 1890s, the pendulum problem started to be progressively solved in the manner we know nowadays from introductory mechanics courses. Starting from F = ma and using the tangential component of weight, we arrive at the equation of motion. The other part of F = ma, which concerns the weight radial component, tension and centripetal force, has in no way deserved the same attention from textbook writers, if any. Physics education research has, however, pointed out relevant aspects of the phenomenon related with the latter part of the equation. The present paper presents an experiment, which reflects those relevant aspects, and provides a mathematical insight into the phenomenon suitable for the high school student.
Measurements of fluctuating electron temperature and space potential in a magnetized plasma with a single magnetically insulated baffled probe (MIBP)
Authors: Li Shubo , Yuan Chengxun , Kurlyandskaya Iya P , Demidov V I , Koepke M E , Yao Jingfeng , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A single magnetically insulated baffled probe (MIBP) was used to study the potential and electron temperature oscillations in a magnetized plasma. It was shown, that, although the MIBP cluster allows a more detailed study of such oscillations, the single MIBP may provide useful information about the oscillation amplitudes and, in some cases, cross-coherency and cross-phase. These quantities can characterize oscillations and distinguish co-oscillating plasma parameters in cases where the placing of a MIBP cluster in a plasma is difficult or impossible. For the reported plasma case, in which there are two types of oscillations, it is shown how to determine the maximum and minimum possible values of the electron temperature fluctuations. Detailed analysis showed that, in the studied plasma, there are two types of oscillations, both incoherent with each other.
Intra- and interband excitations induced residue decay of the Bose polaron in a one-dimensional double-well
Authors: Chen Jie , Mistakidis Simeon I , Schmelcher Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the polaronic properties of a single impurity immersed in a weakly interacting bosonic environment confined within a one-dimensional double-well potential using an exact diagonalization approach. We find that an increase of the impurity–bath coupling results in a vanishing residue, signifying the occurrence of the polaron orthogonality catastrophe. Asymptotic configurations of the systems’ ground state wave function in the strongly interacting regime are obtained by means of a Schmidt decomposition, which in turn accounts for the observed orthogonality catastrophe of the polaron. We exemplify that depending on the repulsion of the Bose gas, three distinct residue behaviors appear with respect to the impurity–bath coupling. These residue regimes are characterized by two critical values of the bosonic repulsion and originate from the interplay between the intra- and the interband excitations of the impurity. Moreover, they can be clearly distinguished in the corresponding species reduced density matrices with the latter revealing a phase separation on either the one- or the two-body level. The impact of the interspecies mass-imbalance on the impurity’s excitation processes is appreciated yielding an interaction shift of the residue regions. Our results explicate the interplay of intra- and interband excitation processes for the polaron generation in multiwell traps and for designing specific polaron entangled states motivating their exposure in current experiments.
The Influence of Alkaline Treatment on Tensile Properties of Short Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Biocomposites
Authors: Nhuapeng W , Chintonguyad T. , Thamjaree W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, the influence of alkaline treatment on tensile properties of short bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy resin biocomposites was investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as a treatment agent. To improve the ability of adhesion, bamboo fibers were treated in NaOH solution in different concentrations and soaking times. The treated fibers were then fabricated to composites via casting technique. Mechanical properties and microstructure of biocomposites were determined using tensile testing and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. From the results, it could be seen that the alkaline treatment can improve the fiber-matrix adhesion which have effect to better mechanical properties of biocomposites.
Study of Effect of Varying Clearances on the Springback of Advanced High Strength Steel Sheets
Authors: Julsri Weerapong , Uthaisangsuk Vitoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The springback of metal sheets shows a significant effect on the forming results of automotive structural parts. The components of new vehicles often have complex shapes, for which more precise forming procedures are required in order to achieve their desired geometries. Such springback occurrence is highly critical in the case of advanced high strength (AHS) steels. In this work, a V-shape stamping test was carried out for the AHS steel sheets grade 980 with an initial thickness of 1 mm. In parallel, the corresponding finite element (FE) simulations were conducted. Hereby, the Yoshida-Uemori (Y-U) kinematic hardening model was applied for describing the plastic deformation and elastic recovery of material. The parameters of the Y-U model were obtained from a tension-compression test and afterwards verified by using the 1-element model. The predicted bend angles of the formed samples fairly agreed with the experimentally measured results. Furthermore, the effect of defined die clearance at the corner of the formed sample on the magnitude of springback was numerically studied. It was found that the reduction of clearance of 10% led to obviously decreased shape deviations in the V-shape forming test.
Preparation of Activated Carbon from Various Biomasses by Single-Stage Pyrolysis
Authors: Thowphan Suwimon , Kaewtrakulchai Napat , Jaruvanawat Anuchit , Chutipaijit Sutee , Puengjinda Pramote , Chollacoop Nuwong , Fuji Masayoshi , Eiad-ua Apiluck 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, activated carbon were successfully synthesized from biomass, Activated nanoporous carbon have been widely for several applications such as solution to air pollution, solution to water pollution. In this work, study the effects of pyrolysis temperature of activated carbon synthesized from coconut shell, coconut leaves, coconut bracts, cattail flower, cattail leaves, mangosteen bracts, durian bracts, corn leaves, eucalyptus bracts, sugarcane leaves and toddy palm bracts. The pyrolysis of various biomass was studied at the temperature of 700-900 °C for 2 h under N2 flow of 100 ml/min. The results showed that biomass types and pyrolysis temperature affects the structural and physicochemical properties of activated carbon such as pore structures, surface functional groups and elemental compositions. activated carbon obtained at 800 °C for 2 h had the highest composed of amorphous phase, porosity and surface area.
Effect of Type and Content of Blowing Agent on Properties of NR/EPDM/EVA Foam
Authors: Kim B , Nun-anan P , Hancharoen K , Seiichi K , Boonkerd K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research aimed to study the influence of type and content of blowing agents on the properties of rubber foam NR/EPDM/EVA. Supercell DP, supercell RC 720, and EW5 were used here as a blowing agent. The content of the blowing agent was varied from 3 phr to 4 and 5 phr. The results showed that supercell RC 720 and OBSH were not suitable for this trinary rubber foam due to the absence of even porous structure, while the supercell DP gave the even porous structure throughout the sample and the lowest density. It was found that increasing supercell DP loading led to the increase in pore size, thermal conductivity but the decrease in the density, tensile strength, and elastic recovery of rubber foam. Owing to the lowest thermal conductivity, it can be inferred here that supercell DP at 5 phr was suitable to produce rubber foam from NR blended with EPDM and EVA for a ceiling board application.
Development of Lab-on-a-Disc Integrated with Resazurin-based Assay for Total Bacterial Counting in Raw Milk
Authors: Chamnan Pornthip , Yingkajorn Mingkwan , Saengdee Pawasuth , Ranron Norabadee , Sripumkhai Witsaroot , Pattamang Pattaraluck , Jeamsaksiri Wutthinan , Atthi Nithi , Vongkamjan Kitiya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The quality of milk and dairy products depends largely on micro-organisms contamination which can pose serious health risks. Therefore, the total viable count (TVC) in raw milk needs to be daily checked to guarantee high quality. A resazurin is used as a dye indicator for the TVC quality in raw milk. However, this method is relatively complicated and inconvenient for on-site measurement. During the wait time, changes in physical and chemical properties of the raw milk were observed and they might affect the accuracy of the test results. Therefore, lab-on-a-disc (LOAD), a low-cost, user-friendly, and fast detection centrifugal microfluidic platform for the TVC test, was proposed in this study. The LOAD device (ϕ: 9.0 cm) was fabricated by laser machining of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic) and assembled with pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) films. The 10 %(v/v) of resazurin-based assay that incubated at 25 °C was used to detect three different bacterial concentration levels of 4.0 log CFU/mL (low), 6.0 log CFU/mL (medium) and 8.0 log CFU/mL (high) in raw milk. The reduction process changed the color from purple (resazurin) to pink (resorufin) and to white (dihydroresorufin) subsequently. The resazurin and resorufin showed the maximum absorbance at the wavelength of 600 and 570 nm, respectively. After the LOAD was rotated at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes at 25 °C, the color of resazurin in the raw milk with medium and high levels of bacterial concentration started to change from purple to pink at 60 and 15 min, respectively. However, the color of resazurin in raw milk with low level of bacterial concentration remained dark mauve after 120 min. Overall, the LOAD integrated with resazurin-based assay is an alternative method to determine TVC in raw milk and various food stuffs.
Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles Water-based Dispersion
Authors: Thonglerth P , Sujaridworakun P , Boondamnoen O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, an attempt was made to stabilize ZnO NPs as water-based dispersion. The dispersing agents used are 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and oleic acid (OA). These dispersing agents were combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to facilitate better dispersion stability. Different wt% content of modified ZnO NPs such as 0.2, 0.4, 1 and 3% w/v was used at a fixed ratio of ZnO NPs:SDS:dispersing agent. The highest dispersion stability was achieved at 1% w/v content of modified ZnO NP, whereas some precipitate was observed at 3% w/v. The result reveals that sonication at 30 minutes produced the highest dispersion stability whereas extended sonication led to re-agglomeration of ZnO NPs. The optimum ratio of ZnO NPs:SDS:dispersing agent which produced about 98% dispersion stability was at 1:0.25:0.2. The zeta potential (ZP) values of ZnO NPs/GPTMS, ZnO NPs/PVA, and ZnO NPs/OA dispersions are -51, -29 and -15 mV, respectively. The ZP values was influenced by the electrical charge surrounding the particles which was also caused by the functional group of the dispersing agents. However, the stabilization mechanisms of modified ZnO NPs in water was complicated. It did not only depend on the electrostatic value but also on electrosteric stabilization caused by the steric effects hindering the dispersing agents. Interactions between the dispersing agents and ZnO NPs was confirmed through FTIR analysis.