bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current views of community and hospital pharmacists on pharmaceutical care services in the United Arab Emirates: A mixed methodological study
Authors: Kharaba Zelal , Farhat Joviana , Mahboub Bassam S. , Buabeid Manal Ali , Alfoteih Yassen , Al-Worafi Yaser , Jaber Ammar , AlAhmad Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

Background:The profession of pharmacy has evolved significantly in recent years in terms of professional service delivery. The aim of this study was to explore the current views of pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on pharmaceutical care services and the nature of barriers encountered in practice using qualitative and quantitative assessment methods.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospital and community pharmacists (n = 305) between March and May 2021, using qualitative and quantitative assessment methods. In the qualitative phase, 15 interviews were conducted to explore five main criteria: patient information, inadequate patient counseling, prescribing errors prevention and identifying drug-related problems, lack of participation in health awareness programs, and barriers to pharmaceutical care implementation. In the quantitative phase, 305 consenting pharmacists completed a questionnaire on seven criteria: demographic profile, pharmacist-physician interaction, patient counseling assessment, patient reports of adverse drug events, pharmacist participation in health awareness programs, perceptions of reducing prescribing errors and identifying drug-related problems, and barriers to appropriate pharmaceutical care implementation.Results:The results of both the qualitative and quantitative phases of the study revealed that pharmacists' influence on practice in the UAE is limited due to many factors, mainly lack of time and patients' ignorance of the pharmacist's role in the medical field. The mean responses regarding pharmacists' approach to patient counseling and patients' knowledge of pharmacists' role in managing adverse drug reactions were 77.1% and 59.7%, respectively. Active participation in health awareness programs was 64.8%. The mean positive response of participants in reducing prescribing errors and recognizing drug-related problems was 9.2%. Pharmacists' age and number of years in practice were the most important factors influencing the pharmaceutical care services implementation.Conclusion:The study has shown the need to shed light on the proper implementation of pharmaceutical care while maintaining a trusting relationship with physicians.
Outdoor air pollution impacts chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths in South Asia and China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shetty Bellipady Shyam Prasad , D’souza George , Padukudru Anand Mahesh , Prasad Meghna Rai 
Published: December 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive lung disease is among leading causes of death globally. Exposure to outdoor pollution is an important cause for increased mortality and morbidity. Objective: To present a systemic synthesis evidence regarding impact of outdoor pollution on COPD mortality in south asia and china. Methods: A systematic search on studies with statistical power has been conducted from 1990 - June 30th 2021, in English electronic databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from MEDLINE and PUBMED databases with terms: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease OR COPD OR Chronic Bronchitis OR Emphysema OR COPD Deaths OR Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease OR Airflow Obstruction OR Chronic Airflow Obstruction OR Airflow Obstruction, Chronic OR Bronchitis, Chronic AND Mortality OR Death OR Deceased AND Outdoor pollution, ambient pollution was conducted. Results: Out of 1899 papers screened only 16 found eligible to be included in the study. Subjects with COPD exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution had a 49 % higher risk of death as compared to COPD subjects exposed to lower levels of outdoor air pollution. When taken individual pollutants into consideration, common air pollutants like PM10 had an OR of 1.06 at CI 95%, where as SO2 had OR of 0.66 at 95% CI , and NO2 with 1.01 OR at 95% CI. These values suggest that there is an effect of outdoor pollution on COPD but not to a significant level. Conclusion: Despite heterogeneity across selected studies, exposure to outdoor pollutants found to have risk of COPD mortality. Though it appears to have risk, COPD mortality was not significantly associated with outdoor pollutants. Controlling air pollution can substantially decrease the risk of COPD in South Asia and China. Further research including more prospective and longitudinal studies are urgently needed in COPD sub-groups.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF RISK CONTROL ARISING FROM THE FUNCTIONING OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR CRITICAL PURPOSES IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE VALUES OF PARAMETERS AND THE PHASE STATE
Authors: Kalashnikov Pavel V. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The paper presents a description of the process of constructing a mathematical model for managing risks arising from the operation of complex technical unique systems for critical purposes under conditions of uncertainty of information about the parameters and phase state. The purpose of the study is to create an individual optimal strategy for managing risk events that occur during the operation of complex technical systems, which minimizes the cost of preventive work, as well as the amount of damage that may result from the occurrence of relevant events. The objectives of the study include the construction of a mathematical model for control risks arising from the operation of complex dynamic unique technical systems for critical purposes under conditions of interval uncertainty of information about the values of parameters and the phase state, since as well as an analysis of existing approaches to creating an individual forecast of changes in the state of the considered class of systems.
Materials and Methods. The article gives a comparative description of the effectiveness of the application of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of outliers of random processes and the method of individual forecasting in solving the problem of managing risks arising from the operation of complex unique technical systems for critical purposes under conditions of uncertainty. Based on the statistical methods of interval data, a mathematical model of risk management was created, taking into account possible errors in measuring the values of the parameters of the considered class of complex systems at all control windows during the operation period.
Results. The scientific novelty of the implemented approach lies in the use of interval data statistics, which allow the most correct consideration of possible errors associated with measuring the values of the characteristics of the studied technical systems at all stages of the control process.
Discussion and Conclusions. The mathematical model of risk control developed in the course of the study, arising from the operation of complex technical systems for critical purposes, makes it possible to make the optimal choice of risk management strategy when using objects of this class. Along with the above, an algorithm has been developed for predicting changes in the state of a technical system during the entire period of its operation based on the mathematical apparatus of statistics of interval data, which makes it possible to take into account in the calculations the errors that occur when measuring the values of the main parameters of the system under consideration at all stages of the control process.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOOL FOR MAKING EFFECTIVE DECISIONS IN THE FIELD OF INVESTMENT
Authors: Krapivin Roman R. , Gareeva Gulnara A. , Gumerova Guzel R. , Basyrov Ruslan R. 
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the issues of making effective decisions about investing in commercial accounts and currencies. In order to know how much these solutions will be beneficial in the long term, specialized information is needed: data on the dynamics of growth, decline in the value of accounts and currencies, analytical information. But there is no single source where this data will be accumulated, systematized and stored.
Purpose – create a tool for collecting and storing the parameters of investment accounts for their subsequent analysis in order to make an effective investment decision.
Method or methodology of work: the article discusses a method that can implement a tool for collecting specialized information of investment accounts, two tools can be used for this: Postgresql databases and Python programming language
Result: a tool has been developed that performs the function of collecting and storing information on investment accounts.
Scope of the results: the data obtained, which are stored in the database, should be used to identify high-yield accounts for subsequent investment.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OPTION FOR A COMPLEX SYSTEM UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTERVAL UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Kalashnikov Pavel V. 
Published: December 2022

The paper describes the process of choosing the optimal design option for a complex technical system under conditions of interval uncertainty and incomplete information about the parameters and the phase state. Problems of this kind are extremely relevant at the initial stage of designing complex systems, when from a variety of possible options it is necessary to select those that are more consistent with the heterogeneous quality criteria and do not always meet the ambiguous preferences of the decision maker.
The aim of the study is to develop effective methods for comparing various design options for complex systems at the initial design stage under conditions of interval uncertainty. The objectives of the study include the construction of a mathematical model for the functioning of a complex system under conditions of uncertainty, as well as the analysis of the main methods for comparing alternatives with heterogeneous quality criteria.
Materials and Methods. The article provides a description of the functioning model of a complex technical system under conditions of uncertainty, and also describes the main methods for comparing various options for the system design at the initial stages of design in conditions of incompleteness and uncertainty of information, as well as ambiguity of the preferences of the decision maker.
Results. The scientific novelty of the implemented approach lies in the use of interval data statistics, which allow the most correct consideration of possible errors associated with measuring the values of the characteristics of the studied technical systems at all stages of the control process.
The scientific novelty of the implemented approach lies in the use of the interval analysis apparatus, which makes it possible to most correctly take into account the possible errors associated with measuring the values of the characteristics of the studied technical systems at all stages of the design process.
Discussion and Conclusions. The mathematical model of the process of functioning of a complex technical system under conditions of interval uncertainty developed in the course of the study allows selection of system design options at the initial stages of design, taking into account possible errors and inaccuracies arising from the deviation of values from the calculated nominal values.
Partial Dominance in Branch-Price-and-Cut for the Basic Multicompartment Vehicle-Routing Problem
Authors: Heßler Katrin , Irnich Stefan 
Published: December 2022

We consider the exact solution of the basic version of the multiple-compartment vehicle-routing problem, which consists of clustering customers into groups, routing a vehicle for each group, and packing the demand of each visited customer into one of the vehicle’s compartments. Compartments have a fixed size, and there are no incompatibilities between the transported items or between items and compartments. The objective is to minimize the total length of all vehicle routes such that all customers are visited. We study the shortest-path subproblem that arises when solving the problem with a branch-price-and-cut algorithm exactly. For this subproblem, we compare a standard dynamic-programming labeling approach with a new one that uses a partial dominance. The algorithm with standard labeling already struggles with relatively small instances, whereas the one with partial dominance can cope with much larger instances. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant IR 122/10-1 of Project 418727865]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1255 .
Corporate Purpose in Public and Private Firms
Authors: Gartenberg Claudine , Serafeim George 
Published: December 2022

Analyzing data from approximately 1.5 million employees across 1,108 established public and private U.S. companies, we find that the strength of employee beliefs related to purpose is weaker in public companies. Among public companies, those beliefs are stronger for firms with more committed owners. These patterns are most pronounced within the salaried middle and hourly ranks rather than senior executives. Differences across firms can be attributed, in part, to differences in leadership and incentive characteristics. Our findings are consistent with higher owner commitment and the corresponding policies that arise alongside this higher commitment, enabling a stronger sense of purpose inside organizations.This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, organizations.Funding: C. Gartenberg recognizes financial support from the Wharton School at University of Pennsylvania. G. Serafeim recognizes financial support from the Division of Research and Faculty Development of the Harvard Business School.Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4618 .
THE ARCHITECTURE OF A STANDARDISED MATHEMATICAL CREATIVITY TEST FOR DEVELOPMENTAL EVALUATION
Authors: Havârneanu Geanina 
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to analyses the architecture of a longitudinal assessment tool used in a strategic project to develop mathematical creativity involving ex-ante, in itenere, and the ex-post assessment sessions.
This analysis envisages the curriculum vision of the creativity test, the teleological configuration, the types of competencies to achieve, and the operational objectives of the evaluation. The matrix explaining the operational objectives with the objectives of the creativity test, design, pretesting, and the statement of each item is discussed. The table explaining correspondence between items and the objectives of the scale are elaborated with the correction scheme and the grading scale. The difficulty and discrimination coefficient for each item are calculated, and the evaluation criteria of the overall qualities (objectivity, applicability, fidelity, and validity) is explained.
Evaluation of nurse- and anaesthetist-led sedation for selected transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures
Authors: Browne Suzy , Smith David , Adams Daniel , Thiruthalil Sumesh , Pottle Alison , Bowers Mark , McGovern Ian , Mattison Simon , Smith Robert , Panoulas Vasileios , Kabir Tito , Davies Simson , Shannon Joanne , Heng Ee Ling , Rahbi Hazim , Chandra Navin , Patel Niket , Banya Winston , Seehra Utam , Tindale Alexander , Lane Rebecca , Luescher Thomas , Dalby Miles 
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims Most transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures are now performed under conscious sedation, rather than general anaesthetic. This study evaluated nurse-led conscious sedation, compared with anaesthetist-led sedation, to determine the feasibility of the former. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation under either nurse-led or anaesthetist-led sedation between July 2018 and September 2021 were reviewed. Assessed outcomes were analysed and compared, including 30-day mortality rate, major vascular access site bleeding, moderate or severe aortic regurgitation, stroke, new pacemaker implantation, duration of procedure and length of stay. Results A total of 212 patients who underwent nurse-led sedation and 412 who underwent anaesthetist-led sedation were identified. There were no significant differences in risk scores between the two groups. In both groups, incidence of conversion to general anaesthetic was low, with nurse sedatitionists seeking anaesthetist support in 13 (6.2%) cases. Cases with nurse-led sedation had a significantly lower average duration of the procedure (90 minutes vs 111 minutes; P=0.001) and length of stay (2 days vs 3 days, P=0.0002). Conclusions Nurse-led sedation can be safely incorporated into transcatheter aortic valve implantation practice. Nurse-led sedation delivered similar outcomes to anaesthetist-led sedation, but with shorter procedural times and legnth of stay. This could allow more flexible scheduling, increased capacity and improved access for patients.
Near-zero beam drift laser tracking and measurement system with two-stage compression structures
Authors: Feng Tianci , Cui Chengjun , Li Jianli , Zhou Weihu , Wang Guoming , Dong Dengfeng , Zhang Zili , Qiu Qifan , Wang Shan 
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces a scheme of near-zero beam drift tracking technology with two-stage compression structures for the coordinate accuracy measurement of a laser tracker. The Galileo telescope system, with a magnification of 21.43, is designed to compress the beam drift in a dual-frequency interferometer. The azimuth and pitch of the beam drift are compressed to 2.41 in. and 2.92 in., and the compression rates are 95.0% and 91.9%, respectively. The improved four degrees of freedom position-sensitive detector system is used to further compress the beam drift. The peak-to-peak value of the beam drift is 0.9 in. in the azimuth direction and 2.1 in. in the pitch direction. The standard deviation of azimuth is within 0.15 in, and the pitch is within 0.43 in. The coordinate accuracy of the laser tracker can be improved 6.85 parts per million by simulation. The developed two-stage compression near-zero beam drift system can be used in the laser tracker to realize large-scale precision instrument geometric measurement.
Broadband infrared absorber based on a sputter deposited hydrogenated carbon multilayer enhancing MEMS-based CMOS thermopile performance
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Sam , Gibson Des , Fleming Lewis , Hutson David , Song Shigeng , James Allan , Wells Stephen , Forsyth Alan , Bruckshaw Suzanne 
Published: December 2022

Based on pulsed DC sputter deposition of hydrogenated carbon, an absorber optical coating with maximized broadband infrared absorptance is reported. Enhanced broadband (2.5–20 µm) infrared absorptance (

>

90

%

) with reduced infrared reflection is achieved by combining a low-absorptance antireflective (hydrogenated carbon) overcoat with a broadband-absorptance carbon underlayer (nonhydrogenated). The infrared optical absorptance of sputter deposited carbon with incorporated hydrogen is reduced. As such, hydrogen flow optimization to minimize reflection loss, maximize broadband absorptance, and achieve stress balance is described. Application to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) produced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) thermopile device wafers is described. A 220% increase in thermopile output voltage is demonstrated, in agreement with modeled prediction.
Controlled generation of picosecond-pulsed higher-order Poincaré sphere beams from an ytterbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier
Authors: Ji Kunhao , Lin Di , Davidson Ian A. , Wang Siyi , Carpenter Joel , Amma Yoshimichi , Jung Yongmin , Guasoni Massimiliano , Richardson David J. 
Published: December 2022

Higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) beams with spatially variable polarization and phase distributions are opening up a host of unique applications in areas ranging from optical communication to microscopy. However, the flexible generation of these beams with high peak power from compact laser systems remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the controlled generation of HOPS beams based on coherent beam combination from an Yb-doped multicore fiber (MCF) amplifier. Using a spatial light modulator to adaptively adjust the wavefront and polarization of the signals seeded into the individual cores of the MCF various structured beams (including cylindrical vector beams and first- and second-order vortex beams) were generated with peak powers up to 14 kW for

∼
92

ps

pulses.
E-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in residents of the United States: A BRFSS report
Authors: Varella Marcia H. , Andrade Olyn A. , Shaffer Sydney M. , Castro Grettel , Rodriguez Pura , Barengo Noël C. , Acuna Juan M. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
E-cigarettes are the most common type of electronic nicotine delivery system in the United States. E-cigarettes contain numerous toxic compounds that has been shown to induce severe structural damage to the airways. The objective of this study is to assess if there is an association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in adults in the US as reported in the BRFSS.

Methods
We analyzed data from 18,079 adults, 18–44 years, who participated at the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the year 2017. E-cigarette smoking status was categorized as current everyday user, current some days user, former smoker, and never smoker. The frequency of any respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, or shortness of breath) was compared. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
The BRFSS reported prevalence of smoking e-cigarettes was 6%. About 28% of the participants reported any of the respiratory symptoms assessed. The frequency of reported respiratory symptoms was highest among current some days e-cigarette users (45%). After adjusting for selected participant’s demographic, socio-economic, and behavioral characteristics, and asthma and COPD status, the odds of reporting respiratory symptoms increased by 49% among those who use e-cigarettes some days (OR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.06–2.11), and by 29% among those who were former users (OR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07–1.55) compared with those who never used e-cigarettes. No statistically significant association was found for those who used e-cigarettes every day (OR 1.41; 95% CI 0.96–2.08).

Conclusion
E-cigarettes cannot be considered as a safe alternative to aid quitting use of combustible traditional cigarettes. Cohort studies may shed more evidence on the association between e-cigarette use and respiratory diseases.