bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starting-up and operating a full-scale activated sludge system for slaughterhouse wastewater
Authors: Pabón Sandra Liliana , Suárez Gélvez John Hermógenes 
Published: August 2022

This research was conducted at the Frigofrontera wastewater plant which has screening, de-sanding, a grease trap and sedimentation as its primary treatment system, an activated sludge recirculation reactor for secondary treatment and a descending bed filter for tertiary treatment. Average treated flow is 1.38 L/s; the activated sludge reactor has a 144 m3 volume and 2-day cell retention time. Reactor oxygen levels are guaranteed by injecting air using high-efficiency equipment. Basic wastewater concentration parameters are: 5,242.13 mg / L BOD5; 9,039.75 mg / L COD and 2,972.69 mg / L SS. The treatment plant was started up during February 2006 and has been in constant operation since then. It has achieved 89.73% five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), 89.03% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 94.09% soluble solid (SS) load removal efficiency. The sludge produced by the process is treated by screening where the solids are separated from wastewater. The liquid is returned to the sedimenters and solids are composted.
The streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin stabilising method for the numerical solution of highly advective problems
Authors: Galeano Urueña Carlos Humberto , Mantilla González Juan Miguel , Garzón Alvarado Diego Alexander 
Published: August 2022

This article describes the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) method as being a stabilisation technique for resolving the diffusion-advection-reaction equation by finite elements. The first part of this article has a short analysis of the importance of this type of differential equation in modelling physical phenomena in multiple fields. A one-dimensional description of the SUPG method is then given to extend this basis to two and three dimensions. The outcome of a strongly advective and a high numerical complexity experiment is presented. The results show how the version of the implemented SUPG technique allowed stabilised approaches in space, even for high Peclet numbers. Additional graphs of the numerical experiments presented here can be downloaded from www.gnum.unal.edu.co.
Crack length estimations for small-scale fracture experiments via image processing techniques
Authors: Schmuck K. , Alfreider M. , Kiener D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccurate knowledge of the current crack length is crucial to evaluate fracture mechanical tests. At the sub-micron to micron scale, the crack length is directly accessible via observation during in-situ experiments in electron microscopes, or indirectly via calculation from sample stiffness. In the current work, image processing techniques were used to introduce a semi-automatic technique to measure crack lengths at the micron scale from image sequences. The technique utilizes manually defined filters and searches for contours near the previous crack tip locating the new one according to the previous position. To demonstrate validity and capability, three micron-sized notched cantilevers were prepared for bending experiments and tested in-situ by partial unloading. Comparison of crack lengths determined by the proposed method, manual measurement and sample stiffness revealed a reasonable agreement, while occasional deviations allow further insights into the crack behaviour. Thus, our new approach enables more in-depth investigation of small-scale fracture processes.
Graphical abstract
HLA-DQ Mismatches Lead to More Unacceptable Antigens, Greater Sensitization, and Increased Disparities in Repeat Transplant Candidates
Authors: Isaacson Dylan , Schold Jesse D. , Gmeiner Michael W. , Copley Hannah C. , Kosmoliaptsis Vasilis , Tambur Anat R. 
Published: August 2022

Significance StatementHLA-DQ donor-specific antibodies are associated with antibody-mediated rejection and renal graft loss in single-center studies. However, HLA-DQ remains largely unaccounted for in kidney allocation. US transplant registries do not include donor-specific antibody data, precluding direct analysis of HLA-DQ mismatches and transplant outcomes. The authors examined data from patients in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients who were relisted after graft failure with unacceptable antigens corresponding to the HLA typing of their previous donor as a proxy for donor-specific antibodies. Mismatched HLA-DQ antigens were the most likely to be designated as unacceptable, especially in African American and Hispanic patients. Unacceptable HLA-DQ antigens precipitated sensitization greater than or equal to any other HLA locus. These findings underscore the immunogenicity of HLA-DQ mismatches, which ultimately serves as a barrier to transplantation.BackgroundIn single-center studies, HLA-DQ mismatches stimulate the most pathogenic donor-specific antibodies. However, because of limitations of transplant registries, this cannot be directly confirmed with registry-based analyses.MethodsWe evaluated patients in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients who were relisted after renal graft failure with new, unacceptable antigens corresponding to the HLA typing of their previous donor (UA-PD) as a proxy for donor-specific antibodies. Linear regression was applied to estimate the effects of HLA mismatches on UA-PD and the effects of UA-PD on calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) values for 4867 kidney recipients from 2010 to 2021.ResultsEach additional HLA-DQ mismatch increased the probability of UA-PD by 25.2% among deceased donor transplant recipients and by 28.9% among living donor transplant recipients, significantly more than all other HLA loci (P<0.05). HLA-DQ UA-PD increased cPRA by 29.0% in living donor transplant recipients and by 23.5% in deceased donor transplant recipients, significantly more than all loci except for HLA-A in deceased donor transplant recipients (23.1%). African American deceased donor transplant recipients were significantly more likely than Hispanic and White recipients to develop HLA-DQ UA-PD; among living donor transplant recipients, African American or Hispanic recipients were significantly more likely to do so compared with White recipients. Models evaluating interactions between HLA-DR/DQ mismatches revealed largely independent effects of HLA-DQ mismatches on HLA-DQ UA-PD.ConclusionsHLA-DQ mismatches had the strongest associations with UA-PD, an effect that was greatest in African American and Hispanic recipients. cPRA increases with HLA-DQ UA-PD were equivalent or larger than any other HLA locus. This suggests a need to consider the effects of HLA-DQ in kidney allocation.
Efecto del Endeudamiento Estudiantil en Salud Mental y Bienestar Subjetivo de Estudiantes de Educación Superior de Chile
Authors: Sepulveda Maldonado Jose Andres , Denegri Coria Marianela Del Carmen , Echeverría Gatica Perla Andrea , Jurghen Reumay Elías Alejandro , Paillao Jiménez Hugo Rodrigo 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Identificar en qué medida la salud mental y bienestar subjetivo son predichas por el endeudamiento por motivos de estudio en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile.
Método: Una muestra no probabilística de 151 estudiantes universitarios de quinto año o superior de su respectiva carrera universitaria respondió a medidas de salud mental (DASS-21), de bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción con la vida y felicidad subjetiva), y del nivel de endeudamiento asumido para financiar sus estudios universitarios. Los análisis incluyeron regresiones lineales múltiples jerárquicas donde se incluyeron como variables independientes la variable género en un primer paso y el endeudamiento por créditos universitarios en el segundo paso. En cada regresión se incluyó un factor de salud mental y de bienestar subjetivo como variable dependiente.
Resultados: Resultados indican que el endeudamiento por motivos de estudio predice significativamente satisfacción con la vida (F(2, 148) = 5,95, p = 0,003, R2 Adjusted = 0,06; β = -0,16, p = 0,049), pero no predice felicidad subjetiva (p = n.s.) (factores de bienestar subjetivo), sintomatología depresiva (p = n.s.), ansiosa (p = n.s.), ni estrés (p = n.s.) (factores de salud mental).
Conclusión: Resultados del estudio sugieren que los estudiantes universitarios pudieran percibir el endeudamiento estudiantil como una inversión hacia el futuro lo que pudiera operar como un factor protector de su salud mental y bienestar subjetivo.
Tanalith E ve Celcure AC 500 ile emprenye edilerek hazırlanan kızılağaç kamelyalarının biyolojik dayanımı ve yıkanma mekanizması
Authors: KILINÇ Serkan , TEMİZ Ali , KÖSE DEMİREL Gaye 
Published: August 2022

Dünya nüfusunda meydana gelen artışa bağlı olarak orman ürünlerinin kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Ancak, artan orman ürünleri ihtiyacını ekosistemi tehlikeye sokmadan karşılamak dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli husus olmaktadır. Bu bakımdan ormanlardan elde edilen ağaç malzemelerin kullanım sürelerinin arttırılması araştırmacıların ilgi duyduğu konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile ülkemizde doğal olarak oldukça fazla yayılış alanı gösteren, Karadeniz bölgesinde bolca bulunmasına rağmen endüstriyel olarak bir değeri bulunmayan kızılağacın (Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata) kullanım ömrünün arttırılarak endüstriyel alanlara kazandırılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada referans ürün olarak endüstride sıklıkla kullanılan sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odunundan elde edilen emprenyeli kamelyalar kullanılmıştır. Tanalith E ve Celcure AC 500 ile emprenye edilmiş kızılağaç ve sarıçamdan hazırlanan kamelyalar dış ortam koşullarına maruz bırakılmıştır. Daha sonra örneklerin biyolojik dayanımı (Coniophora puteana ve Poria placenta) ve yıkanma mekanizması incelenmiştir. Çürüklük testi EN 113 standardına göre, yıkanma testi AWPA E11 standardına göre yapılmış, yıkanmış su örnekleri ICP-MS cihazı ile bakır analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre çürüklük testinde emprenyeli ağaç malzemenin ağırlık kaybı kontrol gruplarına göre çok daha düşük oranda tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, en düşük yıkanma ve bakır oranları ise sarıçam odunu esaslı kamelya örneklerinde belirlenmiştir.
A Dense Block Model Representing Western Continental United States Deformation for the 2023 Update to the National Seismic Hazard Model
Authors: Evans Eileen L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seismic hazard assessment, such as the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), relies on estimates of fault slip rate based on geology and/or geodetic observations such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), including the Global Positioning System. Geodetic fault slip rates may be estimated within a 3D spherical block model, in which the crust is divided into microplates bounded by mapped faults; fault slip rates are determined by the relative rotations of adjacent microplates. Uncertainty in selecting appropriate block-bounding faults and in forming closed microplates has limited the interpretability of block models for seismic hazard modeling. By introducing an automated block closure algorithm and regularizing the resulting densely spaced block model with total variation regularization, I develop the densest and most complete block model of the western continental United States to date. The model includes 853 blocks bounded by 1017 geologically identified fault sections from the USGS NSHM Fault Sections database. Microplate rotations and fault slip rates are constrained by 4979 GNSS velocities and 1243 geologic slip rates. I identify a regularized solution that fits the GNSS velocity field with a root mean square misfit of 1.9 mm/yr and reproduces 57% of geologic slip rates within reported geologic uncertainty and model sensitivity, consistent with other geodetic-based models in this Focus Section. This block model includes slip on faults that are not included in the USGS NSHM Fault sections database (but are required to form closed blocks) for an estimate of “off-fault” deformation of 3.62×1019  N·m/yr, 56% of the total calculated moment accumulation rate in the model.
Propuesta de una Metodología de Desarrollo Proyectual en el Ámbito de la Responsabilidad Social para la Enseñanza en Arquitectura
Authors: Ríos-Gutiérrez Diego Antonio , Sánchez-Macías Armando 
Published: August 2022

En las facultades de Arquitectura, es frecuente encontrar que se desarrollen proyectos desvinculados de la comunidad, generando una desconexión entre esta y las prácticas educativas. En este artículo se propone una Metodología de Desarrollo Proyectual en el marco de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria, orientada a ofrecer soluciones a las necesidades de la comunidad y generar un impacto positivo en ella. Utilizando un método descriptivo y transversal, se estudia la situación actual de las metodologías proyectuales y la responsabilidad social a través del análisis de antecedentes, teorías y enfoques de diversos autores. Adicionalmente, mediante un método mixto de encuestas y entrevistas, se evalúa el involucramiento de los actores del proceso educativo con la comunidad. Los hallazgos confirman el bajo grado de vinculación entre la población y las metodologías proyectuales, siendo que estas últimas cumplen su función pedagógica, pero sin producir aportes de valor social. Los resultados obtenidos fueron metodológicamente validados y considerados pertinentes para su aplicación en el ámbito de la investigación, responsabilidad social y desarrollo de proyectos.

At Architecture Schools, it is commonly observed that they develop projects which are rather unengaged with the community, thus generating disconnection between this and educational practices. In this article, a Project Development Methodology is proposed framed within University Social Responsibility, oriented to offering solutions to the needs of the community and thus generate a positive impact over it. Using descriptive and transversal methodology, the current situation of project methodologies and social responsibility are studied through the analysis of background information, theories, and approaches of a number of authors. Additionally, by means of a mixed method including surveys and interviews, engagement between relevant parties of the educational process and the community is assessed. The findings confirm there is a low level of engagement between the population and project methodologies, as these latter fulfill their pedagogical function, but producing no contribution of social value. The results obtained have been methodologically validated and considered relevant for their application in the field of research, social responsibility, and project development.
Contribution des Poissonneries à L’amélioration des Conditions de vies des Populations de la Ville de Bouaké
Authors: Yaya Dosso , Bazoumana Diarrassouba , El Hadji Inza Ouattara 
Published: August 2022

Bouaké, ville à population ichtyophage et deuxième pôle urbain après celui d’Abidjan, abrite des poissonneries qui mobilisent nombre de personnes. L’implantation de ces moyens de conservation, les activités qui en découlent ainsi que les acteurs qu’ils mobilisent suscitent un regard scientifique. Ainsi, cette réflexion vise à analyser la contribution des poissonneries à l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations de la ville de Bouaké. L’étude a consisté à recueillir des données à partir de la recherche documentaire et de l’enquête de terrain circonscrite à l’observation, à l’entretien et à l’enquête par questionnaire. Il en ressort que les poissonneries sont inégalement réparties à l’échelle de la ville de Bouaké. Elles sont plus concentrées à Dougouba (17 poissonneries), Broukro (11 poissonneries), Zone industrielle 10 poissonneries et Air-France (09 poissonneries). Ce déséquilibre spatial est dû à une différentiation du point de vue socio-démographique et économique entre les quartiers de la ville. Par ailleurs, ces poissonneries sont approvisionnées en diverses espèces par la ville d’Abidjan et le circuit d’animation du commerce est composite. En outre, elles (les poissonneries) contribuent à l’amélioration des conditions de vie des populations de la ville de Bouaké à travers la création d’emplois et de revenus dont la plupart surclasse le SMIC ivoirien. Aussi, ces moyens de conservation contribuent à l’alimentation en permettant la satisfaction des besoins en protéines halieutiques de la population.

Bouaké, a city with a fish-eating population and the second largest urban center after Abidjan, is home to fishmongers' shops that mobilize a large number of people. The establishment of these means of conservation, the activities which emerge from them, as well as the actors they mobilize call for scientific scrutiny. This paper focuses on analyzing the contribution of fishmongers towards the improvement of the living conditions of the populations in the city of Bouaké. The result of the study shows that fishmongers are unevenly distributed throughout the city of Bouake. They are more concentrated in Dougouba (17 fishmongers), Broukro (11 fishmongers), Industrial Zone (10 fishmongers), and Aire-France (09 fishmongers). This spatial imbalance is due to a socio-demographic and economic differentiation between the city's districts. The city of Abidjan also supplied the fish shops with various species and the circuit of the trade is composite. They (the fish shops) further contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of the populations in the city of Bouake through the creation of jobs and incomes, most of which exceed the Ivorian minimum wage. The means of conservation contribute to food by offering fish to the population to satisfy its needs in animal resources.
Identication and Classification of Menoreh Durians Based on Molecular - RAPD Markers
Authors: Nandariyah Nandariyah - , Yuniastuti Endang - 
Published: August 2022

<p>Menoreh durian is an accessions durian fruit originally from Kulonprogo district, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In the context of proposing Menoreh durian to be a new superior variety, it is necessary to have an identity and position in the molecular genetic group. The aim of the study was to obtain the identity and position of the of Menoreh Durian in the molecular genetic classification. The wet laboratory experiment was using PCR-based RAPD method. Eleven accessions of durian were identified and characterized then grouped based on molecular analysis which were pink Menoreh and 3 Yellow Menoreh accsessions, Petruk, Sunan, Sukun, Sitokong, Montong, Kani and Aspar. The RAPD method was carried out in stages: DNA extraction, DNA quantity and quality test, amplification, electroforesis, visualization and analysis of results. The RAPD classification of 11 durian accessions , resulted in three groups; namely group I which consisted of Menoreh Kuning, Petruk, Aspar Sunan and Menoreh Jambon; Group II consisted of Montong, Sitokong, and Kani from Thailand; and group III consisted of only Sukun accession. Based on this grouping, Menoreh Kuning dan Menoreh Jambon which were separated from other groups at a genetic distance of more than 0.25 indicated that the accession of Menoreh Kuning and Menoreh Jambon only as variety.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Monkeypox in Pregnancy: Susceptibility, Maternal and Fetal Outcomes, and One Health Concept
Authors: Najimudeen Mohamed , Chen Hana W. Jun , Jamaluddin Nurul Akmal , Myint Myo Hla , Marzo Roy Rillera 
Published: August 2022

An overlooked endemic zoonosis in Africa, monkeypox infection, which has spread to multiple non-endemic countries since early May 2022, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization on July 23, 2022. As of August 8, 2022, over 28,000 confirmed and probable monkeypox cases were reported globally, including 6 deaths from the African continent and 4 deaths from the non-endemic regions. Although the current outbreak mostly belongs to the West African clade, which has a lower-case fatality ratio of <1%, there is limited data among immune-weakened individuals infected with monkeypox. It is still unknown if pregnant people are more susceptible to monkeypox. In addition, it is unclear whether having monkeypox increases the risk of birth defects. This commentary addresses reported cases of monkeypox infection in pregnancy and the possible maternal and fetal outcomes, including congenital monkeypox, miscarriage, or stillbirth. Factors behind the escalating global monkeypox outbreak, as well as the prevention and control of monkeypox via the One Health approach, are discussed to shed light on curbing the continuous emergence of monkeypox.

Copyright © 2022 Najimudeen et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Shallow Water: The Next Frontier for Deepwater Rigs, or Just a Passing Fad?
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: August 2022

Petrobras, one of the world’s top offshore operators, has shared new information about how it used an ultradeepwater rig in a place where it was never intended to work—in shallow water.
What makes its recent subsea campaign novel is that the Brazilian national oil company avoided mooring the rig and instead relied on dynamic positioning (DP).
Two key pieces of technology made this possible. The first is called a blowout preventer (BOP)-tethering system which sits on the seabed and absorbs much of the load being placed onto the wellhead structure. The second is a digital twin software that determines the safety of the rig’s position during drilling.
Petrobras is not the first to accomplish such a feat in depths less than 2,000 ft. But it is among the few to recount its learnings in multiple technical papers as it did at the recent Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) in Houston.
The fresh insights surrounding the Petrobras projects stem from an initial well drilled and completed 2 years ago with a sixth-generation drillship, the Norbe VIII, owned by Brazilian contractor Ocyan.
The new well is in the Albacora field within the Campos Basin and was the first of several planned to be drilled or plugged and abandoned by Petrobras in DP-only mode.
Over a 16-day period in May 2020, the Norbe VIII worked in water depths of about 1,475 ft where it successfully tapped into a pre-salt oil reservoir with a total depth of more than 16,000 ft.
For both firms, the project in the Campos Basin marked a first.
Never before had they used a rig in DP-only mode at such shallow depths, which amounted to about 15% of the rig’s maximum depth rating. Following the first well, Petrobras drilled at least one more in June 2021 in DP-only mode.
Notably, Petrobras was in the midst of selling off the Albacora field during its experimentation with DP-only shallow-water drilling. The mature asset was discovered by the state-run operator in 1984 about 75 miles from the coast and has been producing from post-salt reservoirs for the past 35 years.
But earlier this year, the company said it was hoping to fetch a higher price based on better-than-expected reservoir tests from the deeper pre-salt target it drilled in May 2020.