bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Morality of Friendship in Touristic Cuba
Authors: Simoni Valerio 
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on friendship and its controversial enactments in touristic Cuba, paying particular attention to its moral implications. It starts by considering how the issues of authenticity, transience and inequality played out and informed the possibilities for friendship between foreign tourists and members of the Cuban population, leading the protagonists involved to formulate their moral assumptions about friendship, outline its main challenges in the tourism context, and envisage possible solutions to those challenges. The second part of the article examines how notions and experiences of friendship were worked over in response to such difficulties, most notably the tension between ‘interest’ and ‘affection’, alternatively leading to the formation of ‘hybrid’ or ‘purified’ versions of friendship. By drawing attention to the moral, idealistic and aspirational qualities of friendship in touristic Cuba, the article contributes to the current anthropological literature on friendship, showing some of its limits as well as possible analytical pathways for the future research.
Keywords: anthropology of friendship, morality, interest, sentiment, aspirations,tourism, Cuba
Friendship as Moral Experience
Authors: Throop C. Jason 
Published: November 2022

Building upon some early observations regarding the place of friendship in fieldwork in the writings of George Devereux and Clifford Geertz, the limits and possibilities of a friendship-based approach to ethnography are critically investigated by means of a phenomenology of moral experience. Such an effort brings to light the various ways that friendship may potentiate an ethical orientation to the concrete complex existence of others that resists reductive forms of closure and typification.
Keywords: friendship, morality, experience, phenomenology
Pengolahan Inovasi Kulit Singkong Menjadi Produk Kreatif sebagai Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat Kampung Suka’asih Desa Parungkuda
Authors: Fajar Abdul Malik , Kurnia Tuti 
Published: November 2022

Sumber Daya Alam yang dihasilkan Desa Parungkuda sangat melimpah, akan tetapi sumber daya alam yang dimiliki Desa Parungkuda belum sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakatnya, sehingga perlu adanya bimbingan atau pendampingan kepada masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan potensi yang ada. Salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan produk olahan kulit singkong yang dibuat menjadi sebuah keripik dengan harga nilai jual tinggi. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan sosialisasi dan pembuatan inovasi produk inovasi singkong. Dalam pengolahan produk inovasi kulit singkong ini penulis membuat The Kingkong yang merupakan makanan cemilan enak dan sehat. Setelah dilaksanakan program ini hasil yang didapatkan adalah pengembangan produk olahan keripik kulit singkong lebih kreatif dan inovatif serta masyarakat sekitar lebih memahami cara memanfaatkan sebuah potensi yang ada di sekitar.
PERENCANAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN PANGAN DAERAH
Authors: Syaf Hasbullah , Ismawati Ismawati , Resman Resman , Leomo Siti , Corina Rakian Tresjia , Namriah Namriah , Tufaila M , Mahyudi Mahyudi 
Published: November 2022

Pertambahan penduduk sejatinya harus juga dibarengi dengan pertambahan jumlah produksi untuk menjaga agar kebutuhan pangan masyarakat tetap terjaga. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan maksud untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan serta menentukan alternatif perencanaan penggunaan lahan untuk pengembangan tanaman jagung, ubi kayu dan kacang tanah di Kecamatan Poleang Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei bebas didasarkan pada unit lahan. Prosedur pelaksanaan survei tanah dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahap meliputi tahap persiapan, tahap operasi lapangan dan tahap analisis sampel di laboratorium. Perencanaan penggunaan lahan dilakukan berdasarkan evaluasi kemampuan lahan dan besarnya bahaya erosi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan tanaman pangan di Kecamatan Poleang Timur Kabupaten Bombana sesuai untuk dikembangkan khususnya jagung seluas 5271,29 ha (78,04%), ubi kayu seluas 4872,34 ha (72,14%) dan kacang tanah seluas 5020,77 ha (74,33%). Alternatif arahan pengelolaan lahan untuk pengembangan tanaman pangan khususnya jagung, ubi kayu dan kacang tanah di Kecamatan Poleang Timur Kabupaten Bombana dilakukan pada tingkat sedang berupa pemupukan untuk faktor penghambat ketersediaan hara, penambahan bahan organik dan pengapuran untuk perbaikan faktor penghambat retensi hara, bahaya erosi diatasi dengan usaha konservasi tanah seperti penanaman sesuai kontur, pembuatan teras dan penanaman tanaman penutup tanah, pembuatan saluran irigasi/pengairan untuk penghambat ketersediaan air. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini mampu memberikan sumbangsih pemikiran dan sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk pemerintah daerah setempat dalam hal penyusunan kebijakan serta untuk masyarakat dalam usaha pengembangan tanaman pangan.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI PUPUK KOMPOS RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Masruroh Afifatul , Sofyan Misba Maulana , Eka Kusumawati Dian , Ari Sandi David , Istiqomah  
Published: November 2022

Masyarakat Desa Pajangan, Kecamatan Sukodadi, Kabupaten Lamongan merupakan masyarakat dengan mata pencarian mayoritas petani dan wiraswasta. Pengabdian ini membahas mengenai pembuatan kompos dari limbah pertanian dan sampah rumah tangga. Pemanfaatan limbah ini menjadi salah satu kegiatan yang bermanfaat untuk petani dan ibu rumah tangga dalam memanfaatkan limbah yang ada. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini yaitu 1) Untuk mengurangi limbah yang ada di Desa Pajangan 2) Memberi pengetahuan kepada masyarakat mengenai pupuk kompos 3) Memperkenalkan pertanian organik kepada masyarakat. Metode pengabdian terdiri dari sosialisasi dengan petani dan ibu rumah tangga, penyuluhan mengenai pupuk kompos dan pembuatan pupuk kompos dari dapur dan limbah pertanian. Kegiatan ini melibatkan kelompok tani dan ibu rumah tangga Desa Pajangan Kecamatan Sukodadi dan mahasiswa KKN UNISDA.
Kata kunci : kompos, pertanian organik, limbah pertanian, sampah rumah tangga
In Silico Analysis of Antioxidant Phytochemicals with Potential NADPH Oxidase Inhibitory Effect
Authors: Mhya Daniel Hassan , Jakwa Abdullahi Garba , Agbo John 
Published: November 2022

Objective: NADPH oxidase (NOX) is known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) at physiological concentrations. However, it can be over-activated with some disease conditions and produces excess ROS. Several molecules have shown an ability to suppress the enzyme’s over-activity, although some weaknesses have been found. Hence, the attempt to screen phytochemicals, with the aim of finding the most specific and effective NOX inhibitor. Material and Methods: The study was carried-out via an in-silico approach. First, phytochemicals with antioxidant activity, according to the literature review, were selected and downloaded from the PubChem database in SDF files. NOX with PDB: 2CDU was downloaded from the protein databank. Drug-likeness properties and biological activities were predicted using ADMETMESH and the Predict Activity Spectra of Substances (PASS) software. Phytochemical-NOX interactions were performed via molecular docking, whereas, docked conformations and bond residue amino acids were analyzed using Protein-plus software. Results: The result of this study predicted 13 phytochemicals with drug-likeness properties, out of which 9 showed NOX-inhibitory activity. Docking results predicted all of the 9 phytochemicals were capable of interacting with NOX, by binding to at least one amino acid. The reference inhibitor (Apocynin, -8.3 kcal/mol) and some phytochemicals (caffeic, eriodictyol, hesperetin, and morin with ΔG -6.1 to -7.7 kcal/mol) were predicted to have bonded to Ser115, via hydrogen bonding. On the other hand, epicatechin gallate and quercetin with ΔG −8.7 and −8.1 kcal/mol did not bind to Ser115, but rather through other amino acids. Conclusion: This study has led to the prediction of phytochemicals with NOX-inhibitory effects, which could be considered for further study.
Characterization of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using natural language processing within an electronic healthcare record system
Authors: Funnell Jonathan P. , Noor Kawsar , Khan Danyal Z. , D’Antona Linda , Dobson Richard J. B. , Hanrahan John G. , Hepworth Christopher , Moncur Eleanor M. , Thomas Benjamin M. , Thorne Lewis , Watkins Laurence D. , Williams Simon C. , Wong Wai Keong , Toma Ahmed K. , Marcus Hani J. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is an underdiagnosed, progressive, and disabling condition. Early treatment is associated with better outcomes and improved quality of life. In this paper, the authors aimed to identify features associated with patients with iNPH using natural language processing (NLP) to characterize this cohort, with the intention to later target the development of artificial intelligence–driven tools for early detection.

METHODS
The electronic health records of patients with shunt-responsive iNPH were retrospectively reviewed using an NLP algorithm. Participants were selected from a prospectively maintained single-center database of patients undergoing CSF diversion for probable iNPH (March 2008–July 2020).
Analysis was conducted on preoperative health records including clinic letters, referrals, and radiology reports accessed through CogStack. Clinical features were extracted from these records as SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms) concepts using a named entity recognition machine learning model.
In the first phase, a base model was generated using unsupervised training on 1 million electronic health records and supervised training with 500 double-annotated documents. The model was fine-tuned to improve accuracy using 300 records from patients with iNPH double annotated by two blinded assessors. Thematic analysis of the concepts identified by the machine learning algorithm was performed, and the frequency and timing of terms were analyzed to describe this patient group.

RESULTS
In total, 293 eligible patients responsive to CSF diversion were identified. The median age at CSF diversion was 75 years, with a male predominance (69% male). The algorithm performed with a high degree of precision and recall (F1 score 0.92).
Thematic analysis revealed the most frequently documented symptoms related to mobility, cognitive impairment, and falls or balance. The most frequent comorbidities were related to cardiovascular and hematological problems.

CONCLUSIONS
This model demonstrates accurate, automated recognition of iNPH features from medical records. Opportunities for translation include detecting patients with undiagnosed iNPH from primary care records, with the aim to ultimately improve outcomes for these patients through artificial intelligence–driven early detection of iNPH and prompt treatment.
Middle meningeal artery embolization for treatment of chronic subdural hematomas: does selection of embolized branches affect outcomes?
Authors: Khorasanizadeh MirHojjat , Shutran Max , Garcia Alfonso , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Moore Justin , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Thomas Ajith J. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE
Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization (MMAE) is a new therapeutic modality for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). There is limited evidence comparing various MMAE procedural techniques, resulting in significant variations in technique and procedural planning. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of MMAE by the number and location of MMA branches that were embolized.

METHODS
A single-center retrospective study of patients with cSDH treated by MMAE was conducted. Clinical outcomes, need for re-intervention, and changes in hematoma size were compared between different MMAE techniques.

RESULTS
Ninety-four cSDHs in 78 patients were included. Embolization of the proximal trunk only, distal branches only, or proximal trunk plus distal branches resulted in similar rates of need for rescue surgery (7.4%, 13.0%, and 6.8%, respectively; p = 0.66) and rates of reducing the volume of the hematoma by at least 50% (74.1%, 80.0%, and 77.5%, respectively; p = 0.88). Embolization of only one branch had similar outcomes to embolization of more than one branch, as rescue surgery rates were 9.3% and 7.8% (p = 0.80), and rates ≥ 50% volume reduction were 75.6% and 78.3% (p = 0.76), respectively. Selective embolization of the dominant MMA branch was not associated with significantly different outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Outcomes of distal, proximal, or combined proximal and distal MMAE in cSDH are not significantly different. Embolization of more than one branch is not associated with improved treatment efficacy. Arguably, targeting any location in the MMA provides sufficient flow restriction to enable spontaneous hematoma resolution. Accordingly, a technical planning algorithm for cSDH MMAE is suggested.
Safety of brainstem safe entry zones: comparison of microsurgical outcomes associated with superficial, exophytic, and deep brainstem cavernous malformations
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Benner Dimitri , Rhodenhiser Emmajane G. , Rumalla Kavelin , Graffeo Christopher S. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Winkler Ethan A. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE
Safe entry zones (SEZs) enable safe tissue transgression to lesions beneath the brainstem surface. However, evidence for the safety of SEZs is scarce and is based on anatomical studies, case reports, and small series.

METHODS
A cohort of 154 patients who underwent microsurgical brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM) treatment during a 23-year period and who had preoperative MR images and intraoperative photographs or videos was retrospectively examined. This study assessed the safety of SEZs for access to deep BSCMs, preoperative MRI to predict BSCM surface proximity, and the relationships between BSCM subtype, surgical approach, and SEZs. Lesions were characterized as exophytic, superficial, or deep on the basis of preoperative MRI and intraoperative inspection. Outcomes were scored as good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≤ 2) or poor (mRS score > 2) and relative outcomes as stable/improved or worse relative to baseline (± 1 point).

RESULTS
Resections included 34 (22%) in the midbrain, 102 (66%) in the pons, and 18 (12%) in the medulla. Of those, 23 (15%) were exophytic, 57 (37%) were superficial, and 74 (48%) were deep. Established SEZs were used for 97% (n = 72) of deep lesions; the preferred SEZ associated with its subtype was used for 91% (n = 67). MR images accurately depicted exophytic BSCMs that did not require SEZ approaches (sensitivity, 96%) but overestimated the proximity of lesions superficial to brainstem surfaces (specificity, 67%), resulting in unanticipated SEZ use. Final neurological outcomes were good in 80% of patients with follow-up data (119/149), and relative outcomes were stable/improved in 93% (139/149). Outcomes for patients with brainstem transgression through an SEZ did not differ from outcomes for patients with superficial or exophytic lesions that did not require SEZ use (final mRS score ≤ 2 in 72% of all patients with deep lesions vs 82% of all patients with superficial or exophytic lesions [p = 0.10]). Among patients with follow-up, the rates of permanent new cranial nerve deficits in patients with deep BSCMs and superficial or exophytic BSCMs were 21% and 20%, respectively (p = 0.81), with no significant change in overall cranial nerve deficit (0 and −1, p = 0.65).

CONCLUSIONS
Neurological outcomes for patients with deep BSCMs were equivalent to those for superficial or exophytic BSCMs, validating the safety of SEZs for deep BSCMs. Preoperative T1-weighted MR images overestimated the lesion’s surface proximity, necessitating detailed knowledge of SEZs and readiness to use them in cases of radiological-microsurgical discordance. Most patients achieved favorable outcomes despite the transgression of eloquent brainstem tissue in and around SEZs.
Rejected pottery in Gebel Barkal: Revisiting the localisation of ceramic workshops in the Kingdom of Meroe (Sudan)
Authors: Malykh Svetlana E. 
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the results of a study of the modern day surface of the ceramic accumulation (“pottery dump”) in Gebel Barkal, carried out by the author as a member of the Russian-Sudanese Archaeological Mission at Gebel Barkal (IOS RAS – National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (NCAM, Sudan)). During the survey of the territory north of the Great Temple of Amun, 239 samples of rejected pottery were found and a map of their location was compiled. The highest concentration of objects is confined to the north-western part of the “pottery dump”, while moving south and east, the number of samples noticeably decreases. All the samples belong to the small moulds for baking bread with plain rim, conical body and pointed bottom. Some of them had simple potmarks. Among the samples, all possible variants of kiln waste are presented – deformation, cracking, melting and sintering of vessels. According to the accompanying ceramic material – fragments of a Hellenized krater with geometric painting, rejected pottery can be dated to the 3rd–1st centuries B.C. The dominance of bread moulds indicates their connection with temple bakeries of the Great Temple of Amun that were nearby, but not yet discovered. The size of the “pottery dump” in Gebel Barkal, covering the area of more than 9500 square meters, indicates a significant amount of consumption of bread by temple staff and pilgrims. The presence of rejected pottery clearly indicates the connection of the “pottery dump” with ceramic workshops, presumably located in its northern part, between the Barkal Mountain and building B 2300.
PRC Economic Policy in Africa: “China, Inc.” vs. Active Private Sector Participation
Authors: Volynskii Andrei 
Published: November 2022

The growing Chinese influence on the African geopolitical landscape is probably one of the most significant variables in the region development. The driving force behind China&apos;s influence is still the ongoing intensification of trade and economic ties. The endless flow of Chinese investments in the economy of the states, initiatives to develop transport infrastructure - these are the processes that are primarily in the focus of attention.
Among the studies of Chinese economic policy on the continent, the narrative of the Chinese government dominance in the processes of making decisions, coordinating investment flows and implementing major projects prevails. The image of &quot;China, Inc.&quot; - a single actor that makes and implements its decisions through multiple organizational mechanisms - is familiar to modern Sinology and by default extends to the study of strategy in the African continent. On the other hand, it is impossible not to mention studies, on the contrary, which emphasize the wide participation of the Chinese private sector in the largest projects. However, while recognizing the broad participation of the PRC private sector in the implementation of the economic strategy in Africa, we cannot remove the issue of the decisive coordinating role of the PRC government.
Using a number of examples, we show when analyzing the degree of participation and freedom in the implementation of their own initiatives by private companies from the PRC, the key issue is the problem of determining the ultimate beneficiaries of the companies and their connection with the state institutions of the PRC.
Majdud Sanae and “The Tanzih Chapter” from his poem “The Garden of the Truth…”
Authors: Lukashev Andrey A. 
Published: November 2022

The article contains common bio-bibliographic data about Majdud Sanai - the founder of the Persian Sufi didactic epos. It explains the mater of the poet’s birth and death dates, as well as the names, editions and commentaries to his masterpiece “The Garden of Mystery…”. A commented translation of “The Tanzih Chapter” is in appendix to the article. Hereby a part of the paper deals with the Divine incomparability concept in historical-religious context. The Sanai’s heritage introduces an early phase of the Persian Sufi thought, though tasawwuf during his lifetime was quite formed as a doctrine. The peculiarities of the Sanai’s teaching can be seen in comparison with the works by his predecessors (al-Hujviri) and later authors (Ibn al-Arabi and Mahmud Shabistari). While Ibn al-Arabi and Mahmud Shabistari try to combine methods of divine incomparability (tanzih) and comparing the God to His creatures (tashbih), Sanai, as well as an earlier Sufi shaikh, al-Hujviri, claims tashbih to be a false method of the God’s oneness (tawhid) interpretation and appeals just to tanzih as the only right method. Besides that, the comparison of the mentioned authors’ views shows, what a major step forward has made Ibn al-Arabi in his interpretation of the matters, related to the doctrine of the God’s oneness. While Sanai interprets theophany (tajalli) in the context of Divine incomparability so that it takes place just on the surface of a human heart, Ibn al-Arabi believes that every single thing is the place for theophany of the Divine names and attributes.
The Seleukids and Elam in the 2nd c. BC.
Authors: Berzon Katherine 
Published: November 2022

The history of the Elymais is one of the poorly illuminated pages in the history of the Hellenistic Iran. This land was inherited by Alexander the Great from the Achaemenids, c. 311 BC it came under the rule of Seleukos I and remained the part of the Seleukid state until the middle 2nd century BC when Kamnaskires I, “the King of Elam” according to Babylonian cuneiform texts, founded the independent Kingdom of Elymais. However, the prehistory of these events is not well known.
Our sources for the 3rd century BC do not provide any reliable data on separatist tendencies in the area. The events of 187 BC associated with the expedition of Antiochos III to Elam should be considered as the first known evidence of such hostilities. The death of Antiochos during the campaign is often presented as the result of his attempt to rob the local sanctuary, but it should not be interpreted simply as spontaneous reaction of angry natives. Rather it was a deliberate refusal to raise funds from the temple treasury according to royal request. The ensuing military campaign ended in defeat. In 184, Babylonian sources record the appearance of an “Elamite enemy” in the area of Susa. The next Seleukid military activity in Elymais, also associated with an unsuccessful attempt of Antiochos IV to rob the temple of Nanaya, falls on 164 BC. This evidence demonstrates the gradual strengthening of local autonomy, which led to the creation in ca. 147/145 BC an independent state of Elymais.
Fuzzy domination in fuzzy graphs
Authors: Lekha A. , Parvathy K.S. 
Published: November 2022

Let G = (V, μ, σ) be a fuzzy graph on a finite set V. A fuzzy subset μ′ of μ is called a fuzzy dominating set of G if, μ ′ ( v ) + ∑ x ∈ V ( σ ( x , v ) ∧ μ ′ ( x ) ) ≥ μ ( v ) for every v ∈ V . Fuzzy domination number γfz is defined accordingly. In this paper we initiate a study of this parameter. Some properties of fuzzy dominating sets are studied and fuzzy domination number γfz is determined for some graphs.