bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of nontoxic BoNT/A levels in post-facial Botox injection breastmilk
Authors: Gu Helene , Xu Zhenyu , Koviazina Renata , Tan Pengcheng , Zheng Changcheng , Kappes Ferdinand , Kotsifaki Domna G. , Shen Fangrong , Tsigkou Anastasia 
Published: January 2025

The use of cosmetic Botox (BoNT/A) has become increasingly prevalent among women, even during the post-pregnancy breastfeeding period. However, there is currently a limited understanding of the extent Botox enters breastmilk and its potential effect on the breastfeeding infant. In this study, breastmilk samples were acquired from five women aged between 28 and 45. Three sample sets ranged from 1 h to 1 year after facial Botox treatments (64 U), whereas the remaining two were from women who never received Botox. BoNT/A concentrations in samples were detected using standard Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), unreduced and reduced Western Blotting, confocal micro-Raman Spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). From ELISA, the greatest breastmilk BoNT/A concentration was found from woman 1, 4 days after Botox injection (167 pg/mL). Levels were highest overall in the first week (82.45–167 pg/mL) and around 2 months (132.725 pg/mL) after injection. No clear indication of BoNT/A was detected in Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Western Blotting and confocal micro-Raman Spectroscopy, but Western blot and confocal micro-Raman Spectroscopy show promise of development into future means of detection. From our study, the amount of BoNT/A in breastmilk peaks around 4 days (167 pg/mL) and at 2 months (132.725 pg/mL) after facial injection. Even over a year after injection, BoNT/A can be detected. However, all quantities of BoNT/A detected (between 34.4 pg/mL and 167 pg/mL) are likely to be safe for infants.
Soil salinization prediction through feature selection and machine learning at the irrigation district scale
Authors: Xie Junbo , Shi Cong , Liu Yang , Wang Qi , Zhong Zhibo , He Shuai , Wang Xingpeng 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSoil salinization is a critical environmental issue affecting agricultural productivity worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study focuses on the Xinjiang region of China, specifically the Xiao Haizi and Sha Jingzi irrigation areas, to explore the use of remote sensing technology for surface soil salinity estimation.MethodsExhaustive and filter-based feature selection methods were employed by integrating soil salinity data measured on the ground with 32 spectral features derived from Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing images. A 5-fold cross-validation method was used to identify feature combinations that resulted in higher R2 values. Moreover, the inversion accuracy of soil salinization monitoring models built using different feature combinations was compared across five machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and AdaBoost.ResultsThe results revealed that: (1) The AdaBoost and DT algorithms demonstrated high efficacy and precision in the prediction of soil salinity, with AdaBoost outperforming other algorithms in the validation set (R2 value of 0.892, MAE of 1.558, RMSE of 2.043), and DT showing the best performance in the training set (R2 value of 0.917, MAE of 0.838, RMSE of 1.182). (2) Feature combination 3, consisting of Salinity Index 5, Salinity Index 1, and Salinity Index 8, not only effectively extracted soil salinity information but also significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of model estimations, effectively reflecting the actual situation of soil salinization in the irrigation area.DiscussionThis research provides robust methodological support for using remote sensing technology for soil salinity monitoring and management.
Antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Keels Jordan N. , McDonald Isabella R. , Lee Christopher S. , Dwyer Andrew A. 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe effect of antidiabetic agents on mortality outcomes is unclear for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are hospitalized for COVID-19.PurposeTo examine the relationship between antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in individuals with DM hospitalized for COVID-19.MethodsA systematic review of the literature (2020-2024) was performed across five databases. Included articles reported primary research (English) reporting clinical outcomes of adult patients (≥18 yrs.) with DM receiving antidiabetic agents who were hospitalized for COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines articles underwent independent dual review. Quality appraisal was completed for included studies. Independent reviewers used a structured data extraction form to retrieve relevant data. Aggregated data were synthesized by treatment regimen and reported descriptively. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to assess relative risk and prevalence of mortality.ResultsAfter removing duplicates, title and abstract screening of 4,898 articles identified 118 articles for full-text review and 35 articles were retained for analysis. Included articles were primarily from China (15/35, 43%) and retrospective in nature (31/35, 89%). Fourteen studies (40%) assessed multiple antidiabetic agents, fifteen studies (42%) focused on metformin, three studies (9%) assessed the use of DPP-4 inhibitors, and three single studies (9%) investigated the use of insulin, TZD, and SGLT2 inhibitors. Despite differences among studies, the overall relative risk of mortality among metformin and DPP-4 inhibitor users was 0.432 (95% CI = 0.268-0.695, z = 3.45, p &lt; 0.001) and the overall prevalence of mortality among all antidiabetic users was 16% (95% CI = 13%–19%, z = 10.70, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions and implicationsSynthesis of findings suggest that patients who remained on oral agents (with/without supplemental insulin therapy) exhibited decreased mortality and lower inflammatory markers. Results indicate that individuals with DM should continue oral antidiabetic agents with additional basal insulin as needed to improve glycemic control and reduce mortality. Further work is needed to uncover mechanism(s) and clarify medical management approaches.
The role of vitamin D in slipped capital femoral epiphysis in children and adolescents: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Ning Peng , Lin Shuting , Geng Huiyu , Liu Tianjing 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between vitamin D levels, related endocrine/metabolic factors, and the risk of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in children and adolescents, and to assess whether vitamin D levels are associated with SCFE severity.MethodsA retrospective case-control study was conducted from March 2014 to October 2023 in Shengjing hospital. Patients diagnosed with SCFE were categorized as the SCFE group. The control group consisted of healthy children matched by gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and date of blood tests at a 1:2 ratio from the pediatric developmental clinic. The analysis included relevant laboratory tests such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), hemoglobin (Hb), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg), etc. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with SCFE, with a particular focus on the correlation between 25(OH)D levels and the risk of SCFE. The study also explored whether these factors were correlated with SCFE severity, determined by measuring the slip angle and displacement on the anteroposterior pelvic or frog-leg lateral views.ResultsOne hundred and twenty subjects were finally included, with 40 SCFE patients (36 males, 4 females) and 80 controls (72 males, 8 females). There were no significant differences in gender, age, weight, height, BMI, Hb, albumin (ALB), creatinine (Cr), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Ca, and P (P&gt;0.05). Significant differences were found in 25(OH)D, ALP, free thyroxine (FT4), and Mg (P&lt;0.05). The SCFE group had lower 25(OH)D and ALP levels but higher FT4 and Mg. Univariate analysis showed that 25(OH)D, FT4, and ALP were associated with SCFE, but multivariate analysis indicated only 25(OH)D had a significant correlation (P&lt;0.05). 25(OH)D levels were not linked to SCFE severity (P&gt;0.05).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that a higher level of vitamin D is associated with a decreased risk of SCFE, suggesting potential benefits of vitamin D sufficiency. However, no correlation was observed between 25(OH)D levels and the severity of SCFE. Serum FT4 and ALP also seem to have some association with SCFE, but the clinical significance is unproven. Future multi-center studies in various regions are necessary to further validate the protective role of vitamin D against SCFE.
Transoral endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and ipsilateral central neck lymph node dissection vestibular approach: analysis of the learning curve and clinical outcomes evaluation
Authors: Deng Yuhang , Zhao Jiaojiao , Tao Mei , Zhao Haixin , Fan Ruoxin , Wang Xiaoming , Lu Xiubo 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThe transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is distinguished by its ability to leave no visible scars on the body’s surface. Currently, there is still a lack of single-center large sample size analysis on the learning curve of TOETVA, especially for the treatment of thyroid cancer. This study aims to fill this void by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the learning curve and assessing the procedure’s feasibility in managing thyroid cancer.MethodsBetween June 2020 and June 2023, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 195 patients who had undergone the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. We employed the cumulative sum method (CUSUM) to delineate the learning curve of TOETVA. Additionally, clinical parameters across different stages of the learning process were meticulously compared and analyzed.ResultsAll patients successfully completed endoscopic surgery without conversion to open surgery. Utilizing the CUSUM algorithm, two distinct learning phases were delineated: the exploration phase, comprising 58 cases, and the maturation phase, encompassing 137 cases. Analysis revealed that the maturation phase demonstrated significantly reduced operative times (189.7 ± 237.27 vs. 138.15 ± 26.62 minutes, p&lt;0.001), decreased blood loss (15.49 ± 15.05 vs. 9.67 ± 4.12 ml, p=0.005), and a lower incidence of complications (7 vs. 4, p=0.028) when compared to the exploration phase. Additionally, in the maturation phase, we achieved successful surgical outcomes in a subset of obese patients and those with nodular goiter.ConclusionTOETVA has been demonstrated to be safe and feasible, with the capability to effectively address complex cases once the learning curve has been surmounted.
Optimization of the layout of cultivated land combining territorial spatial planning with quality index spatial autocorrelation characteristics: taking Liuhe District of Nanjing as an example
Authors: Shu Han , Guancheng Guo , Junjie Liu , Chuan Zhang 
Published: January 2025

Integrating territorial spatial planning with the spatial autocorrelation of cultivated land quality indices can enhance the optimization of farmland preservation and food security. This study combines the “three lines” demarcation—basic farmland protection line, ecological protection line, and urban development boundary—with farmland spatial autocorrelation to propose an improved model for optimizing farmland layout. We employed a four-dimensional farmland quality evaluation system that includes the natural quality index, utilization management index, ecological environment index, and economic value index. Using Liuhe District as a case study, we applied the optimal combination weighting method for quality assessment and conducted spatial autocorrelation analysis to simulate the indices’ relationships at the plot scale. The results indicate that: (1) The natural quality index is high in the west and low in the east, while the other indices are high in the center and low at the margins. (2) Each quality index exhibits positive geographic autocorrelation, with Moran’s I values of 0.89, 0.67, 0.65, and 0.83, respectively. (3) The optimization scheme increased permanent basic farmland by 123.15 hm² and improved the quality grade by 1.45, classifying land into four primary categories focused on protection and development. The permanent basic farmland protection zone has the highest quality and non-agricultural construction should be prohibited on it. The urban development buffer zone, which has poor farmland quality and a locational advantage, is ideal for urban growth. The ecological environmental protection zone, despite its poor farmland quality, should be focused on conservation. The comprehensive adjustment zone should address land obstructions and facilitate a transition to permanent basic farmland.
Distribution and bioaccumulation of prometryn in simulated aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Peng Jiaqi , Fan Ruiqi , Ren Yuanyuan , Yang Yan , Zhang Xin , Wang Saisai , Mu Yingchun , Cheng Bo 
Published: January 2025

Prometryn is an herbicide widely used in agriculture. Its degradation-resistant properties have raised concerns about its environmental impact on aquatic systems, yet its environmental distribution and bioaccumulation remain to be explored. This research examined the environmental distribution of prometryn within lab-simulated aquatic ecosystems, incorporating water-sediment interactions and bioaccumulation in tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) and Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea). The research aims to explore the bioaccumulation dynamics of prometryn across both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, providing a comprehensive understanding of its environmental persistence and accumulation in aquatic organisms and sediments. The ecosystems were exposed to a prometryn concentration of 0.50 mg/L for 35 days. During the experiment, significant adsorption and retention of prometryn in the sediment were observed, suggesting that the sediment could be the primary repository. Additionally, tilapias and Asian clams not only served as accumulative pools for prometryn but also influenced its distribution dynamics within the ecosystems. In terms of bioconcentration, the highest bioconcentration factors were observed in the liver of tilapias and the visceral mass of Asian clams, suggesting a strong affinity of prometryn for these tissues. The persistently high levels of prometryn indicate potential risks to aquaculture product safety. The study concludes with a recommendation for ongoing ecological risk assessments, particularly regarding benthic organisms, given the propensity of prometryn to accumulate in sediment within aquaculture systems.
S-DCNN: prediction of ATP binding residues by deep convolutional neural network based on SMOTE
Authors: Hao Sixi , Li Cai-Yan , Hu Xiuzhen , Feng Zhenxing , Zhang Gaimei , Yang Caiyun , Hu Huimin 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe realization of many protein functions requires binding with ligands. As a significant protein-binding ligand, ATP plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Currently, the precise prediction of ATP binding residues remains challenging.MethodsBased on the sequence information, this paper introduces a method called S-DCNN for predicting ATP binding residues, utilizing a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) enhanced with the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE).ResultsThe incorporation of additional feature parameters such as dihedral angles, energy, and propensity factors into the standard parameter set resulted in a significant enhancement in prediction accuracy on the ATP-289 dataset. The S-DCNN achieved the highest Matthews correlation coefficient value of 0.5031 and an accuracy rate of 97.06% on an independent test set. Furthermore, when applied to the ATP-221 and ATP-388 datasets for validation, the S-DCNN outperformed existing methods on ATP-221 and performed comparably to other methods on ATP-388 during independent testing.ConclusionOur experimental results underscore the efficacy of the S-DCNN in accurately predicting ATP binding residues, establishing it as a potent tool in the prediction of ATP binding residues.
Distinct response patterns of endothelial markers to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccine are associated with the spike-specific IgG antibody production
Authors: Castro-Robles Beatriz , Cimas Francisco J. , Arias-Salazar Lourdes , Ontañón Jesús , Lozano Julia , López-López Susana , Andrés-Pretel Fernando , Requena-Calleja María Ángeles , Mas Antonio , Serrano-Heras Gemma , Segura Tomás , Solera Javier 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDespite the efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, inflammatory and/or thrombotic episodes have been reported. Since the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the endothelium remains uncertain, our objective was to assess endothelial activation status before and 90 days after the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted at University General Hospital of Albacete, involving 38 healthy health-care workers. Serum levels of endothelial markers (endocan and sVCAM-1) and spike S1-specific IgG antibodies were determined before and at 7, 15, 24 and 90days following vaccination. To analyze each participant´s individual response, we calculated relative increases/decreases (delta values) in endothelial markers and antibodies concentrations compared to their pre-vaccination levels.ResultsWe identified two significantly distinct profiles of endothelial markers response, characterized by either increased or decreased serum levels of endocan and sVCAM. Incremental and decremental response groups did not differ in terms of age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and influenza vaccine co-administration. However, these responses were significantly associated with the relative spike-specific antibody production. Specifically, the greatest relative increase in antibodies was found in the decremental responders. Additionally, the higher delta antibody production was observed in non-previously infected individualsConclusionAdministration of the BNT162b2 booster vaccine triggered a non-homogenous response of endothelial function markers among the study participants. Our findings improve the understanding of individual responses to the mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccine, which could be useful in assessing the need for booster doses, particularly in population at risk of vascular complications.
Substrate curvature influences cytoskeletal rearrangement and modulates macrophage phenotype
Authors: Sovar Austin , Patrick Matthew D. , Annamalai Ramkumar T. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionInflammation is a vital immune response, tightly orchestrated through both biochemical and biophysical cues. Dysregulated inflammation contributes to chronic diseases, highlighting the need for novel therapies that modulate immune responses with minimal side effects. While several biochemical pathways of inflammation are well understood, the influence of physical properties such as substrate curvature on immune cell behavior remains underexplored. This study investigates how substrate curvature impacts macrophage cytoskeletal dynamics, gene expression, and immunophenotype through mechanosensitive pathways.MethodsGelatin-based microgels with tunable surface curvatures were fabricated via water-in-oil emulsification and crosslinked with genipin. Microgels were sorted into three size ranges, yielding high (40-50 µm), intermediate (150-250 µm), and low (350-400 µm) curvature profiles. Macrophages were seeded onto these microgels, and cytoskeletal dynamics were examined using confocal microscopy, SEM, and actin-specific staining. Gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers was quantified using qPCR. The role of actin polymerization was assessed using Latrunculin-A (Lat-A) treatment.ResultsMacrophages adhered effectively to both high- and low-curvature microgels, displaying curvature-dependent morphological changes. Confocal imaging revealed that macrophages on low-curvature microgels exhibited significantly higher F-actin density than those on high-curvature microgels. Correspondingly, qPCR analysis showed upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g., Tnf, Nos2) in high-curvature conditions, while anti-inflammatory markers (e.g., Arg1) were elevated in low-curvature conditions. Lat-A treatment reduced F-actin density and modulated gene expression patterns, confirming the cytoskeletal regulation of macrophage phenotype.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that substrate curvature influences macrophage behavior by modulating cytoskeletal dynamics and associated immunophenotypic markers through actin-mediated transcriptional pathways. By controlling curvature, therapeutic biomaterials may direct immune responses, offering a new avenue for treating inflammatory diseases. This mechanobiological approach presents a promising strategy for precision immunomodulation in regenerative medicine.
Deciphering the role of substrate carbon to nitrogen ratio in preventing orange mold contamination caused by Neurospora sitophila in mushroom cultivation
Authors: Niloy Md Asif Hasan Muzumder , Islam Sharita , Ferdous Tasnimul , Rahman Soyabur , Yesmin Sabina , Bin Rasul Shahriar , Khandakar Jebunnahar 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionMold contamination, particularly from green and orange molds, poses a serious threat during the growing stage in mushroom cultivation, exacerbated throughout the hot and humid summer months. Despite extensive studies on green mold, orange mold remains underexplored. Consequently, this study comprehensively investigated orange mold contamination, focusing on identifying the causal agent, assessing its pathogenicity, and exploring potential countermeasures.MethodsInternal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing was used to confirm the causative entity, while the dual confrontation plate method was employed to assess pathogenicity. Furthermore, control strategies, including plant extract, in vitro media performance, and substrate characteristics, were explored. For estimated substrate qualities, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, along with analysis of physicochemical properties including the C:N ratio, carbon, protein, and mineral content were assessed.ResultsThe result confirmed Neurospora sitophila as the causal entity. The pathogenicity assessments indicated that this mold impedes the colonization of mushroom mycelium by competing for nutrients and space. The in-vitro studies of media performance demonstrated that Neurospora sitophila growth was inhibited at varying rates in nitrogen supplemented media in the presence of available carbon. Notably, SEM analysis revealed Neurospora sitophila heavily colonized sawdust but not rice straw, attributed to a higher C:N ratio in sawdust.DiscussionThese findings suggest that lower C:N ratio negatively affects orange mold growth, highlighting nitrogen supplementation in sawdust or using rice straw as effective strategies to manage orange mold contamination in mushroom cultivation. This strategy could also be applied to other food industries where Neurospora is used.