bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling microstructure evolution and phase transformation behavior in additive manufacturing of nitinol shape memory alloys by tuning hatch distance
Authors: Zhu Jia-Ning , Borisov Evgenii , Liang Xiaohui , Huizenga Richard , Popovich Anatoly , Bliznuk Vitaliy , Petrov Roumen , Hermans Marcel , Popovich Vera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), categorized as additive manufacturing technique, has a capability to fabricate NiTi (Nitinol) shape memory alloys with tailorable functional properties and complex geometries. An important processing parameter, hatch distance (h), is often related to macroscale structural defects; however, its role on controlling the microstructure and functional properties is usually underestimated in L-PBF of NiTi. In this work, equiatomic NiTi (50.0 at% Ni) parts were fabricated with various hatch distances to tailor the microstructure and their shape memory characteristics. Contrary to what is observed in Ni-rich NiTi alloys, in this work, we demonstrate that phase transformation temperatures of L-PBF equiatomic NiTi do not decrease proportionally with hatch distance but rather relate to a critical hatch distance value. This critical value (120 μm) is derived from the synergistic effect of thermal stress and in situ reheating. Below this value, epitaxial grain growth and in situ recrystallization are enhanced, while above, irregular grains are formed and dislocations induced by thermal stresses decrease. However, the critical value found herein is characterized by high dislocation density and fine grain size, resulting in a superior thermal cyclic stability. The proposed finite element model is proven to be an effective tool to understand and predict the effect of hatch distance on grain morphology and dislocation density evolutions in L-PBF NiTi SMAs. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive understanding for in situ controlling L-PBF NiTi microstructure and functional characteristics, which contributes to designing 4-dimensional shape memory alloys.
Effects of Iron and Vitamin A Levels on Pregnant Women and Birth Outcomes: Complex Relationships Untangled Using a Birth Cohort Study in Uganda
Authors: Mezzano Julieta , Namirembe Grace , Ausman Lynne M. , Marino-Costello Elizabeth , Shrestha Robin , Erhardt Juergen , Webb Patrick , Ghosh Shibani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Women and infants are among the most vulnerable groups for micronutrient deficiencies. Pregnancy micronutrient status can affect birth outcomes and subsequent infants’ growth.

Methods
We determined the relationship between maternal iron and vitamin A status at delivery using several biomarkers (ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor [sTFR], body iron stores [BIS], hemoglobin and retinol binding protein [RBP]) and birth outcomes (body weight, Z-scores, head circumference, small-for-gestational-age and preterm birth) in rural Uganda. We investigated women who had serum results at the point of delivery and paired them to their infants at birth (n = 1244). We employed multivariable linear and logistic regression, adjusting for clustering at the subcounty level to determine the relationship between maternal micronutrients and birth outcomes.

Results
After adjusting for relevant factors, we found that maternal iron status (ferritin and BIS) and anemia (hemoglobin) were not significantly associated with the assessed birth outcomes. However, there was a significant association between serum sTFR and preterm births (AOR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.48–0.94). For Vitamin A, we observed a significant positive association between RBP and length-for-age (LAZ) at birth (β = 0.12, p < 0.030).

Discussion
These findings indicate that the relationship between maternal iron status and birth outcomes needs to be further investigated, because depending on the biomarker used the associations were either in favor of an adverse birth outcome or not significant. Additionally, they confirm that higher maternal RBP levels could be beneficial for birth outcomes.
Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04233944.
Virtual conference design: features and obstacles
Authors: Hurst William , Withington Adam , Kolivand Hoshang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has forced a change in the way people work, and the location that they work from. The impact has caused significant disruption to education, the work environment and how social interactions take place. Online user habits have also changed due to lockdown restrictions and virtual conferencing software has become a vital cog in team communication. In result, a spate in software solutions have emerged in order to support the challenges of remote learning and working. The conferencing software landscape is now a core communication solution for company-wide interaction, team discussions, screen sharing and face-to-face contact. Yet the number of existing platforms is diverse. In this article, a systematic literature review investigation on virtual conferencing is presented. As output from the analysis, 67 key features and 74 obstacles users experience when interacting with virtual conferencing technologies are identified from 60 related open-source journal articles from 5 digital library repositories.
Exploring the role of ride-hailing in trip chains
Authors: Ahmed Tanjeeb , Hyland Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRide-hailing can potentially provide a variety of benefits to individuals who need to chain several activities together within a single trip chain, relative to other travel modes. Using household travel diary/survey data, the goal of this study is to assess the role ride-hailing currently plays within trip chains. Specifically, the study aims to determine, within trip chains, who uses ride-hailing services, for what trip/activity purposes, and to/from what types of areas, as well as the characteristics of trip chains that involve ride-hailing segments. To meet these objectives, the study estimates a binary logit model using 2017 National Household Travel Survey data, where the dependent variable denotes the inclusion of at least one ride-hailing trip within a trip chain. Similar to the non-trip-chaining ride-hailing literature, this study indicates that trip chains with ride-hailing legs are positively associated with travelers who are younger, live in high-income households, frequently use transit, and reside in high-density areas. However, this study includes novel findings indicating statistically significant relationships between ride-hailing and trip chains that end in healthcare and social/recreational activities. Moreover, trip chains with ride-hailing tend to have fewer stops and longer activity durations than trip chains without ride-hailing. This study also includes nested logit choice models, wherein the dependent variable denotes the primary mode (ride-hailing, transit, personal vehicle, or non-motorized transport) of a trip chain. These model results provide additional insights into the role of ride-hailing within trip chains, as they allow for cross-mode comparisons. The paper discusses the potential transportation planning and policy implications of the model results as well as future research directions.
Longitudinal Patterns of Material Hardship Among US Families
Authors: Thomas Margaret M. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMaterial hardship has emerged as a direct measure of deprivation in the United States and an important complement to income poverty, providing different evidence about the ways in which deprivation may affect wellbeing. This study addresses gaps in our knowledge about deprivation as the first to examine patterns of material hardship over time. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, this study examined five material hardship types (food, housing, medical, utility, and bill-paying) experienced at five timepoints over 15 years. Employing latent class analysis and latent transition analysis, this study identified six longitudinal patterns of material hardship experience, characterized by trajectories of stability or movement and relative severity of material hardship experience over time. These findings improve our conceptual understanding of deprivation and move us towards understanding the impacts of material hardship on wellbeing and identifying policy approaches to prevent deprivation or mitigate negative consequences.
Sensitivity Analysis and Quantification of the Role of Governing Transport Mechanisms and Parameters in a Gas Flow Model for Low-Permeability Porous Media
Authors: Sandoval Leonardo , Riva Monica , Colombo Ivo , Guadagnini Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent models represent gas (methane) migration in low-permeability media as a weighted sum of various contributions, each associated with a given flow regime. These models typically embed numerous chemical/physical parameters that cannot be easily and unambiguously evaluated via experimental investigations. In this context, modern sensitivity analysis techniques enable us to diagnose the behavior of a given model through the quantification of the importance and role of model input uncertainties with respect to a target model output. Here, we rely on two global sensitivity analysis approaches and metrics (i.e., variance-based Sobol’ indices and moment-based AMA indices) to assess the behavior of a recent interpretive model that conceptualizes gas migration as the sum of a surface diffusion mechanism and two weighted bulk flow components. We quantitatively investigate the impact of (i) each uncertain model parameter and (ii) the type of their associated probability distribution on the evaluation of methane flow. We then derive the structure of an effective diffusion coefficient embedding all complex mechanisms of the model considered and allowing quantification of the relative contribution of each flow mechanism to the overall gas flow.
COVID-19-bedingte Online- vs. Präsenzlehre: Differentielle Entwicklungsverläufe von Beanspruchung und Selbstwirksamkeit in der Lehrkräftebildung?
Authors: Hußner Isabell , Lazarides Rebecca , Westphal Andrea 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungBedingt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie haben Universitäten die Lehrkräftebildung in den vergangenen Monaten rasant auf Online-Formate umstellen müssen. Für eine evidenzbasierte Weiterentwicklung der Online-Lehre sind empirische Ergebnisse zur professionellen Entwicklung von Lehramtsstudierenden erforderlich. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es wichtig, Unterschiede zwischen Präsenz- und Onlineformaten in der Lehre zu untersuchen. In der vorliegenden Studie gehen wir daher der Frage nach, inwiefern sich Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und Beanspruchungserleben von Lehramtsstudierenden im Verlauf eines COVID-19 bedingten Online-Semesters sowie im Verlauf von schulpraxisbezogenen Präsenzsemestern differentiell entwickeln. An der längsschnittlichen Fragebogenstudie mit quasi-experimentellem Design nahmen N = 240 Lehramtsstudierende teil (n = 127 Online-Semester; n = 113 Präsenzsemester). Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf einen stärkeren Anstieg der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen in Präsenzformaten als im Onlineformat. In Bezug auf das Beanspruchungserleben zeigten sich keine Gruppenunterschiede. Implikationen dieser Befunde für die Weiterentwicklung der Lehrkräftebildung werden weiterführend diskutiert.
Mitral valve surgery for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: predicting recurrent mitral regurgitation and mid-term outcome
Authors: Kawamoto Naonori , Fukushima Satsuki , Kainuma Satoshi , Ikuta Ayumi , Tadokoro Naoki , Kakuta Takashi , Fujita Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to elucidate the mid-term outcomes and risk factors for recurrent mitral regurgitation after mitral valve (MV) surgery for atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR).

Methods and results
We retrospectively analyzed data of 50 consecutive patients (median age 74 years; 29 men) who underwent mitral valve surgery for AFMR between January 2001 and January 2019. Mean atrial fibrillation duration was 12 years. During the follow-up period of 4.6 ± 4.4 years, 5 cardiac-related deaths were identified. Five- and 10-year freedom from cardiac-related death rate for all patients was 88.4% and 78.6%. In total, 42 patients underwent MV repair with mitral annuloplasty and 8 underwent MV replacement. Five- and 10-year freedom from cardiac-related death rate in patients who underwent MV repair was 93.1% and 82.7%, which was better than MV replacement (log rank p = 0.04). During the follow-up period, MR recurrence rate was 16.8% at 5 and 10 years for the patients who underwent MV repair. Univariate analysis showed that partial band annuloplasty and preoperative elevated left ventricular end-systolic volume index were risk factors for recurrent MR after MV repair. Multivariate analysis identified partial band annuloplasty as the independent predictor for recurrent MR during long-term follow-up after MV repair for AFMR.

Conclusion
Patients who underwent MV repair for AFMR could have an acceptable mid-term outcome. However, MVR might not improve the mid-term outcome in patients with AFMR. The use of partial bands for mitral annuloplasty would not be recommended in terms of recurrent MR mid-term.
Global Longitudinal Strain Monitoring to Guide Cardioprotective Medications During Anthracycline Treatment
Authors: Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Anthracycline chemotherapy carries a risk of myocardial dysfunction and heart failure even at relatively low doses, and the clinical prediction of cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is inexact. Careful imaging or biomarker surveillance during chemotherapy can identify CTRCD before the development of heart failure. Currently, this surveillance is performed using ejection fraction (EF). While this is a reliable and reproducible test with three-dimensional techniques, the most widely used imaging technique is two-dimensional echocardiography, for which EF measurements have broad confidence intervals.

Recent Findings
The use of global myocardial strain (GLS) provides a more reliable and reproducible means of assessing global cardiac function and shows meaningful changes before a significant change of EF. Observational studies have shown that although absolute measurements of GLS, both at baseline and during therapy, are predictive of CTRCD risk, the most reliable approach is to assess the change of GLS with therapy — a meaningful relative change of 10–15% being significant. A clinical trial comparing GLS to EF surveillance did not show a significant change of EF in the overall study group, but did show that patients managed with a the GLS-guided approach were less likely to develop a meaningful change of cardiac function to an abnormal level. In at-risk patients, there is good evidence for the protective value of neurohormonal antagonists and statins: the use of GLS enables these benefits to be directed to those most likely to benefit, while minimizing their use in the majority of people, who do not need them.

Summary
Although GLS requires an element of training and efforts to ensure uniformity, it has proven to be a feasible, robust, and reproducible technique, ready for wide adoption.
Neo-liberal or not? Creeping enclosures and openings in the making of fisheries governance
Authors: Parlee Courtenay , Foley Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeo-liberalism can mean different things from different perspectives. Social scientists tend to use the concept to identify and critique trends of privatization, marketization, commodification and enclosures, and their associated slew of exclusionary, dispossessive, and regressive effects. Counterintuitively, governmentality analyses identify how practices of collaboration, inclusion, participation, and empowerment—practices sometimes cited as means to resist and generate alternatives to neo-liberalism—are not only consistent with neo-liberal governing but also central to its functioning. This paper engages a biopolitics and governmentality analytical perspective to examine different kinds of fisheries policies in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada, where the historic cod collapse created a laboratory for examining social-ecological effects of capitalist overexploitation, resource mismanagement, and knowledge system blind spots. The case is useful because it includes, on the one hand, practices traditionally seen as reinforcing neo-liberal governance, such as property making, resource management access rationalization, and global eco-labels, and, on the other hand, practices where linkages to neo-liberalism require more critical assessment, such as fisher-influenced professionalization policies, license collaboration/consolidation initiatives, and producer-oriented eco-labels. Drawing on a governmentality perspective, this paper examines how governance change in NL fisheries is driven not by a single regulatory logic but, rather, by diverse “technologies of government” and “technologies of agency.” Diverse technologies of agency, with varying degrees of links to neo-liberalism, facilitate “creeping” enclosures and openings for fish harvesters in NL fisheries. The paper finds that multi-faceted social protection and coastal community-oriented rationalities of fisher groups are key explanatory variables in shaping practices for and against neo-liberal governance, suggesting that the relationship of diverse neo-liberal, moral economy and hybrid governmentalities to lived experiences requires more empirical and theoretical attention.
Maltodextrin-Based Carbohydrate Oral Rinsing and Exercise Performance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hartley Claudia , Carr Amelia , Bowe Steven J. , Bredie Wender L. P. , Keast Russell S. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Carbohydrates are an important fuel for optimal exercise performance during moderate- and high-intensity exercise; however, carbohydrate ingestion during high-intensity exercise may cause gastrointestinal upset. A carbohydrate oral rinse is an alternative method to improve exercise performance in moderate- to high-intensity exercise with a duration of 30–75 min. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively examine the isolated effect of maltodextrin-based rinsing on exercise performance.

Objective
The objective of this review was to establish the effect of a maltodextrin-based carbohydrate oral rinse on exercise performance across various modes of exercise. Furthermore, a secondary objective was to determine the effects of moderators [(1) participant characteristics; (2) oral rinse protocols; (3) exercise protocol (i.e. cycling, running etc.) and (4) fasting] on exercise performance while using a maltodextrin-based, carbohydrate oral rinse.

Methods
Five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Global Health) were systematically searched for articles up to March 2021 and screened using Covidence (a systematic review management tool). A random effects robust meta-analysis and subgroup analyses were performed using Stata Statistical Software: Release 16.

Results
Thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review; 34 of these articles were included in the meta-analysis. When using a conventional meta-analytic approach, overall, a carbohydrate oral rinse improved exercise performance in comparison with a placebo (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI 0.04, 0.27; p = 0.01). Furthermore, when implementing an adjusted, conservative, random effects meta-regression model using robust variance estimation, overall, compared with placebo, a carbohydrate oral rinse demonstrated evidence of improving exercise performance with a small effect size (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI − 0.01, 0.34; p = 0.051).

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that a maltodextrin-based carbohydrate oral rinse can improve exercise performance. When comparing the two meta-analytic approaches, although non-significant, the more robust, adjusted, random effects meta-regression model demonstrated some evidence of a maltodextrin-based carbohydrate oral rinse improving exercise performance overall.
Trait Anxiety in Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: a Systematic Review
Authors: Jolliffe Rebecca , Adams Dawn , Simpson Kate 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough anxiety is commonly researched in autism, the focus has predominantly been on anxiety disorders and not upon general levels of anxiousness or trait anxiety. This review summarises research investigating trait anxiety in autism. Systematic searches yielded 1099 records, with 23 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Study participants were mainly males from Western countries, with no representation of older adults or individuals with intellectual disability. All articles used self-report questionnaire trait anxiety measures. Anxiety measure psychometric details were absent in most studies, with 21 using subjective measures that are not validated for use in autism. Results showed higher trait anxiety scores in autism versus control groups, and correlations between trait anxiety scores and other study outcomes.
L’irisina: un ormone con benefici multiorgano
Authors: Le Grazie Giulia , Marrano Nicola , Natalicchio Annalisa , Giorgino Francesco 
Published: March 2022

SommarioL’irisina è una miochina secreta dal muscolo scheletrico in seguito ad attività fisica, in grado di regolare l’omeostasi glucidica ed energetica, agendo su numerosi tessuti e intervenendo su diversi pathways metabolici. Un’alterazione dei livelli sierici di irisina potrebbe promuovere l’insorgenza di patologie metaboliche, tra cui il diabete mellito di tipo 2. Numerosi studi su modelli animali di diabete e/o obesità hanno dimostrato che la somministrazione di irisina esogena è in grado di esercitare effetti antidiabetici e antiobesità.
Life Cycle Gap Analysis for Product Circularity and Sustainability—a Case Study with Three Different Products
Authors: Dieterle Michael , Viere Tobias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to demonstrate the applicability and benefits of life cycle gap analyses for systematically integrating circular economy considerations into life cycle assessment. It presents life cycle gap analyses for three entirely different products (rechargeable batteries, T-shirts, plastic bottles), compares the applications and results, and draws conclusions on the usefulness of the method.The case studies reveal life cycle gaps of 54% (plastic bottles), 61% (rechargeable batteries), and 98% (T-shirts), indicating high potential for further circularity improvements in the current life cycle systems of different industries and product groups. At the same time, a potential weakness of the method is underlined. Even considering options to increase circularity, life cycle gaps of at least 45% still exist, raising the question of what measures are really needed in order to achieve product circularity and sustainability. The analysis demonstrates the general applicability of life cycle gap analyses and their contribution to the integration of circular decision-making and life cycle thinking.
Plant phosphate nutrition: sensing the stress
Authors: Satheesh Viswanathan , Tahir Ayesha , Li Jinkai , Lei Mingguang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is obtained by plants as phosphate (Pi) from the soil and low Pi levels affects plant growth and development. Adaptation to low Pi condition entails sensing internal and external Pi levels and translating those signals to molecular and morphophysiological changes in the plant. In this review, we present findings related to local and systemin Pi sensing with focus the molecular mechanisms behind root system architectural changes and the impact of hormones and epigenetic mechanisms affecting those changes. We also present some of the recent advances in the Pi sensing and signaling mechanisms focusing on inositol pyrophosphate InsP8 and its interaction with SPX domain proteins to regulate the activity of the central regulator of the Pi starvation response, PHR.