bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the brain's fear systems responding to snake threats
Authors: Melleu Fernando F. , de Oliveira Amanda R. , Grego Kathleen F. , Blanchard D. Caroline , Canteras Newton S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examined the behavioural responses and Fos expression pattern of rats that were exposed to snake threats from shed snakeskin and a live snake. We differentiated the behavioural responses and the pattern of Fos expression in response to the odour cues and mild threat from a live snake. Animals exposed to the snake odour alone or to the confined snake showed a great deal of risk assessment. Conversely, the intensification of odour during exposure to the live snake decreased the threat ambiguity, and the animals froze for a significantly longer period. Our Fos analysis showed that a pathway formed by the posteroventral part of the medial amygdalar nucleus to the central part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus appeared to be solely responsive to odour cues. In addition, we showed increased Fos expression in a parallel circuit comprising the lateral amygdalar nucleus, ventral subiculum, lateral septum, and juxtadorsomedial region of the lateral hypothalamic area that is responsive to both the odour and mild threat from a live snake. This path is likely to process the environmental boundaries of the threat to be avoided. Both paths merge into the dorsal premammillary nucleus and periaqueductal grey sites, which all increase Fos expression in response to the snake threats and are likely to organize the defensive responses. Moreover, we found that the snake threat mobilized the Edinger–Westphal and supraoculomotor nuclei, which are involved in stress adaptation and attentional mechanisms.
Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence in ambulatory settings in 2017–2019 in RUSSIA: The data of real‐world national multicenter trial
Authors: Bordin Dmitry , Morozov Sergey , Plavnik Roman , Bakulina Natalia , Voynovan Irina , Skibo Irina , Isakov Vasily , Bakulin Igor , Andreev Dmitrii , Maev Igor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe recent data on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Russia are limited. The aim of the study was to compare Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence in ambulatory settings in Russia in 2017 and 2019 years.Materials and MethodsSubjects visiting primary care centers were invited to take part in the study. H. pylori status was assessed by 13C‐urea breath test (UBT). Data on subjects' demography, previous treatment exposure, and place of residence were collected in all federal districts of Russia in 2017 and in 2019 calendar years and processed centrally.ResultsThe data of 19,875 subjects were available for analysis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection assessed by positive UBT in treatment‐naive subjects was highest in the Southern (54.9%) and the North Caucasian (45.1%) federal districts. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in H. pylori prevalence between two testing periods was found only in a half of federal districts: the Central (46.2% in 2017 vs. 36.2% in 2019), the Northwestern (38.6% vs. 35.5% accordingly), the Volga (40.6% vs. 33.0%, accordingly), and the Ural (40.4% vs. 32.7%, accordingly). The lowest prevalence of H. pylori infection was revealed in the age group <18 years old (20.2%), while the highest in the age group of 41–50 years old (43.9%). In 2017, the prevalence of H. pylori was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in 2019 in all age groups but younger than 18 and older than 70 y.o., where similar rates were found during both study periods.ConclusionsThe prevalence of H. pylori according to 13C‐UBT testing of primary care visitors in Russia is lower than expected (38.8%). The highest prevalence of H. pylori infection found in the Southern and the North Caucasian federal districts of Russia and in the age group of 41–50 years old.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04892238).
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment‐naïve (AMBER) and virologically suppressed (EMERALD) participants with neurological and/or psychiatric comorbidities: Week 96 subgroup analysis
Authors: Dunn Keith , Bushen Jennifer , Luo Donghan , Cai Jiyun , Simonson Richard Bruce , Anderson David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the prevalence of pre‐existing neurological and/or psychiatric comorbidities (NPCs) and efficacy/safety outcomes for participants with versus without baseline NPCs in AMBER and EMERALD.MethodsAMBER (treatment‐naïve population) and EMERALD (virologically suppressed population) were phase III randomized studies of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg. The primary objective of this post hoc analysis was to assess virological response (HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL) at week 48 by intent‐to‐treat US Food and Drug Administration snapshot analysis comparing participants with and without baseline NPCs.ResultsAmong participants in AMBER, 88/362 (24%) in the D/C/F/TAF arm and 99/363 (27%) in the control arm had baseline NPCs; in EMERALD, 294/763 (39%; D/C/F/TAF) and 166/378 (44%; control) participants had baseline NPCs. At baseline, psychiatric NPCs were more common than neurological NPCs in both studies; the most common of each type were depression and headache, respectively. High virological response rates were achieved with D/C/F/TAF across studies regardless of baseline NPCs at weeks 48 (range 86%–95%) and 96 (range 80%–91%). No participants in either study with a baseline NPC prematurely discontinued because of a study drug–related neurological or psychiatric adverse event.ConclusionD/C/F/TAF may be a suitable treatment option for individuals with HIV‐1 and NPCs.
The marital relationship and health‐related quality of life of prostate cancer patients and their spouses: A prospective, longitudinal study
Authors: Harju Eeva , Rantanen Anja , Helminen Mika , Kaunonen Marja , Isotalo Taina , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to measure any changes in the marital relationship during the first year after a diagnosis of prostate cancer, identify the demographic characteristics that influenced such changes, and measure changes related to health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).BackgroundKnowledge is limited on the impact of a diagnosis of prostate cancer on the marital relationship and HRQoL of patients and their spouses.DesignA 1‐year longitudinal study.MethodsData were collected from five Finnish hospitals between October 2013 and January 2017. Of the 350 recruited couples (N = 700), 179 patients and 166 spouses completed the Marital Questionnaire and the RAND 36‐Item Health Survey 1 year after diagnosis.ResultsNo major changes were found in the marital relationship during the follow‐up period. The spouses reported statistically significant changes in their marital relationships, but the patients did not. Furthermore, changes in the marital relationship were not associated with the patients' HRQoL. Among spouses, emotional well‐being was associated with changes in the marital relationship.ConclusionThe marital relationship was relevant in terms of the spouses' HRQoL during the first year after a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Nurses and other healthcare providers should assess counselling and support provided to spouses individually.
IKKα aggravates renal fibrogenesis by positively regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Hao , Pan Binbin , Huang Wenjuan , Ma Mengqing , Zhang Feng , Jiang Linglin , Qian Cheng , Wan Xin , Cao Changchun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAKI (acute kidney injury) with maladaptive repair plays exacerbated role in renal fibrosis characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Previously, we reported that IKKα contributed to kidney regeneration and inhibited inflammation. Here, we first identified the role and mechanism of IKKα on TGF‐β1‐induced fibrosis in human tubular epithelial cells and fibrotic kidneys. IKKα was up‐regulated in kidney tubular epithelium in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemic reperfusion injury (UIRI) mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed that IKKα was positively correlated with the extent of kidney fibrosis in tissue biopsies from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Compared with wild‐type controls, Ksp‐IKKα−/− mice exhibited inactivated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, decreased serum creatinine and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney after IRI. In TGF‐β1‐stimulated human tubular epithelial cells, IKKα overexpression enhanced β‐catenin nuclear translocation. Blocking IKKα by siRNA specifically suppressed β‐catenin activation and downstream profibrotic genes such as fibronectin and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA). Taken together, our study demonstrated that IKKα aggravated renal fibrogenesis by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, providing a new target for the treatment of kidney fibrosis.
Sperm competition in yellow dung flies: No consistent effect of sperm size
Authors: Laugen Ane T. , Hosken David J. , Reinhold Klaus , Schwarzenbach Gioia A. , Hoeck Paquita E. A. , Bussière Luc F. , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. , Lüpold Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe male competition for fertilization that results from female multiple mating promotes the evolution of increased sperm numbers and can impact sperm morphology, with theory predicting that longer sperm can at times be advantageous during sperm competition. If so, males with longer sperm should sire more offspring than competitors with shorter sperm. Few studies have directly tested this prediction, and findings are inconsistent. Here we assessed whether longer sperm provide a competitive advantage in the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria; Diptera: Scathophagidae). Initially, we let brothers with different temperature‐mediated mean sperm lengths compete – thus minimizing confounding effects of genetic background – and found no clear advantage of longer sperm. We then used flies from lines subjected to bidirectional selection on phenoloxidase activity that had shown correlated evolutionary responses in sperm and female spermathecal duct lengths. This experiment also yielded no main effect of sperm size on siring success. Instead, there was a trend for a shorter‐sperm advantage, but only when competing in females with longer spermathecal ducts. Our data corroborated many previously reported findings (last‐male precedence, effects of copula duration and body size), suggesting our failure to find sperm size effects is not inherently due to our experimental protocols. We conclude that longer sperm are not competitively superior in yellow dung flies under most circumstances, and that, consistent with previous work, in this species competitive fertilization success is primarily determined by the relative numbers of sperm competing.
Methotrexate and low‐dose corticosteroid: An effective alternate against corticosteroid‐resistant granulomatous lobular mastitis
Authors: Tian Chunxiang , Han Xiaorong , Liu Zeyu , Lv Xinlin , Ning Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimGranulomatous lobular mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast disease with unknown etiology. Studies showed that some patients could achieve complete remission with corticosteroids and excisional surgery. However, some patients would suffer from corticosteroid resistance. We aim to report our single‐center experience with the highest number of corticosteroid‐resistant GM patients treated by methotrexate and low‐dose corticosteroid.MethodsThe medical record database in our center was searched retrospectively for GM patients between January 2015 and January 2022. Patients suffered corticosteroid resistance and received methotrexate‐containing regimen were included in this study. The clinical characteristics, management and outcomes were collected and analyzed.ResultsEighty‐one patients with the median follow‐up of 18 months (range 5–61 months) were included. The median age was 30 years old (range 21–48 years). The common initial complaints were breast mass, pain, and erythema. The initial treatment of 80 (98.8%) patients was methylprednisolone. Patients were switched to methotrexate and low‐dose corticosteroid due to corticosteroid resistance. Complete remission was achieved in 61 (75.3%) patients who received methotrexate and low‐dose corticosteroid with or without segmental dissection. Nineteen methotrexate‐resistant patients were referred for antimycobacterial treatment with the exception that one patient was lost during follow‐up. Thirteen of them achieved complete remission, and the other five gained partial remission and received segmental dissection. None of these methotrexate‐resistant patients recured.ConclusionAn approach with methotrexate and low‐dose corticosteroid should be considered as an alternative method to corticosteroid‐resistant GM patients.
Where are the numbers? Challenging the barriers to quantitative socio‐legal scholarship in the United Kingdom
Authors: CAHILL‐O'CALLAGHAN RACHEL , MULCAHY LINDA 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLegal scholars in the United Kingdom (UK) rarely adopt a quantitative approach to addressing socio‐legal questions. Reasons for this are typically grounded in the nature of general education, legal education, and research training. In this article, we argue that an intellectual debate on capacity building needs to consider the conditions that have limited the production of quantitative work both within and beyond our discipline. This article draws on an empirical analysis of published socio‐legal articles to understand the nature of quantitative scholarship and evidence an increasing body of work that reflects a flexible approach to data collection and analysis. Moving beyond the tribalism often associated with the qualitative/quantitative divide, we draw attention to the shift away from understandings of quantitative work as hypothesis testing towards those that are accepting of the importance of critical reflection and exploration of nuance. It is hoped that the article will prompt further discussion about capacity building to develop and sustain good‐quality quantitative socio‐legal scholarship in the UK.
The Global Orientation of Organizations: An Analysis of the Effects of Global Cultural Rationalization and National Institutional Traditions
Authors: Goldenstein Jan , Poschmann Philipp , Hunoldt Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost institutional studies have conceptualized institutions within the borders of national contexts as relevant to the global orientation of organizations. The world society approach in institutional theory, however, highlights the existence of a global institutional realm (i.e., driven by a process of cultural rationalization) and proposes that as a consequence of both global and national institutional demands, organizations are constructed as actors with global identities – the orientation of an organization towards the world or away from it. We argue that the global identity of organizations varies with the national institutional traditions within which organizations originate, the exposure of organizations to various instantiations of cultural rationalization within national contexts, and the extent to which organizations are governed by traditional forms of authority (i.e., family, nation state). We tested our hypotheses empirically, using data from 366 corporations listed in major stock indices in 22 countries around the globe. The empirical results support our argument.
On potential Pareto gains from free trade areas formation
Authors: Sempere Jaume 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper extends the results of Grinols and Silva to free trade areas with rules of origin requiring a minimum national content. In our model, producers of a member country may decide not to comply with rules of origin and to pay tariffs to export to other members. To ensure trade gains, firms in any member country must be allowed to export to other members paying tariffs not higher than before signing the agreement if they do not comply with rules of origin. The specific tariff revenue is rebated lump‐sum to consumers, ensuring they can afford their status quo consumption plans.
Biocontrol of wilt disease of rice seedlings incited by Fusarium oxysporum through soil application of Streptomyces chilikensis RC1830
Authors: Behera H.T. , Mojumdar A. , Behera S.S. , Das S. , Ray L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The genus Streptomyces includes many antifungal metabolite-producing novel strains. Fusarium oxysporum soil-inhabiting pathogenic fungi, that affects rice to cause wilt disease. This work demonstrates the efficacy of novel Streptomyces chilikensis strain RC1830, previously isolated from estuarine habitat Chilika Lake in preventing the F. oxysporum wilting/root rot disease and promoting the growth of rice (Var. Swarna) seedlings. A total of 25 different compounds were identified from crude extracts of S. chilikensis RC1830 by GC–MS. In pot trial experiments, Streptomyces-treated rice seedlings showed significantly reduced disease severity index by 80·51%. The seedlings growth parameters (root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight) were also increased by 53·91, 62·5 and 73·46%, respectively, in Streptomyces-treated groups of seedlings compared to Fusarium-infected seedlings. Similarly, the shoot length, shoot dry weight and shoot fresh weight were also increased by 26, 58 and 34·4%, respectively, in Streptomyces-treated groups of seedlings compared to Fusarium-infected seedlings. Formulations of the strain were prepared using seven organic and inorganic wastes as the carrier material and the shelf lives of the propagules were also monitored. Vermiculite and activated charcoal formulations stored at 4°C exhibited a higher viable cell count after 3 months of storage.
Cadence as Gesture in the Writings and Music of Arnold Schoenberg
Authors: Eason Andrew 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the writings and music of Arnold Schoenberg to establish concrete techniques for form‐functional analysis, particularly cadential function. In bothFundamentals of Musical Compositionand ‘Problems of Tonality’, Schoenberg discusses how form can be communicated to an audience in music with and without tonal functions. I use the already established field of energetics and Robert Hatten's theory of gesture (2004) to describe the musical effect of a number of compositional techniques employed in the service of cadence. This leads me to define rhetorical and syntactical markers for cadential function in Schoenberg's music. I demonstrate this with tonal excerpts fromVerklärte Nacht, Op. 4, where harmonic function supports and coincides with these rhetorical and syntactical functions. This same technique is then examined in the Musette and Minuet from Schoenberg's Suite for Piano, Op. 25, where the twelve‐note structure is less useful for hearing formal boundaries. Although this study focuses on Schoenberg's music, it also suggests that there is more in common between what might be termed ‘Romantic’ formal functions and early non‐tonal formal functions.
Nationalist identities, preferences and voting for sub‐state nationalist parties in the Flemish region of Belgium
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Stiers Dieter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is an ongoing academic debate about the question whether sub‐state nationalist parties should be considered as niche parties, focusing almost exclusively on their core issue of centre‐periphery relations, or whether their electoral appeal can be considered as multidimensional. In that case, these other dimensions can vary with regard to the specific ideological position, historical circumstances and strategic considerations. In this article, we address this theoretical question by relying on the case study of the sub‐state nationalist parties in the Flemish region of Belgium, where they jointly obtained 44% of the vote in the most recent elections. Comparing election surveys from 2009, 2014 and 2019 suggests that the electoral appeal of these parties rests on a mixture of nationalist issues, right‐wing economic policies and a restrictive attitude towards immigration. These results suggest that sub‐state nationalist parties are not purely niche parties, but should be seen as multiple issue parties, and this broader electoral appeal can explain the discrepancy between electoral results and public opinion on the core issues of these parties.
An integrative literature review and critical reflection on nurses' agency
Authors: López‐Deflory Camelia , Perron Amélie , Miró‐Bonet Margalida 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe idea of agency has long been used in the nursing literature in the study of nurses' roles regarding the patients they take care of, but it has not often been used to study its relationship with nurses themselves and their status in the healthcare system. The purpose of this article is to analyze how the idea of agency is used in nursing research to better understand how we might advance our thinking around nurses' agency to shape nursing and healthcare with an emancipatory intent. Based on the results of a literature review focused on the study of conceptions, treatments, and applications of the concept of agency in nursing, we present a critical discussion to reflect on the need to consistently define the idea of nurses' agency, to guide research concerned with this topic in theoretical frameworks with emancipatory and social change tenets, and to make a call to develop the idea of agency as a central one to rework nurses' relationship with themselves. The idea of agency provides a valuable analytical framework for the study of a wide range of issues around nurses' status in healthcare organizations and in the healthcare system while offering a means for nurses' emancipation.
Deep learning for visual recognition and detection of aquatic animals: A review
Authors: Li Juan , Xu Wenkai , Deng Limiao , Xiao Ying , Han Zhongzhi , Zheng Haiyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ocean is an important ecosystem, and aquatic animals play an important role in the biological world, especially in aquaculture. How to accurately and intelligently recognise and detect aquatic animals is one of the urgent problems in the field of underwater biological detection. The wide applications of artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning (DL), provide new opportunities and challenges for the efficient and intelligent exploration of aquatic animals. DL has been widely used in the visual recognition and detection of terrestrial animals, but it is in the early stages of use for aquatic animals due to the complexity of underwater environment and the difficulty of data acquisition. Here, this article reviews the current application status of DL for aquatic animals, potential challenges and future directions. The key advances of DL algorithms applied to the visual recognition and detection of aquatic animals are generalised, including datasets, algorithms and performance. The applications of DL are summarised in aquatic animals, including image detection, video detection, species classification, biomass estimation, behaviour analysis and food safety. Furthermore, the challenges are summed up and classified in the object recognition and detection domain for aquatic animals. Finally, further research direction is discussed and the conclusions are drawn. The key advances of DL in the recognition and detection of aquatic animals will help to further excavate and extend the application of DL in the field of marine biological exploration.