bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Las estrategias de sostenibilidad de los medios nativos digitales en Uruguay. Los casos de Sudestada y Portal 180
Authors: Levin Olivera Alvaro 
Published: June 2022

En Uruguay son escasas las experiencias de medios informativos nacidos por y para la web y que se hayan podido sostener en el ecosistema mediático más allá de tres o cuatro años. Sudestada, en línea desde mayo del 2014, y Portal 180, en línea desde el año 2008, son dos ejemplos de medios que han logrado sobrevivir y permanecer en el ecosistema mediático.El presente trabajo busca responder el interrogante en torno a cuáles son las estrategias que explican la permanencia de estos dos medios en el sistema de medios. De forma específica, la investigación persigue: a) describir y explicar los modelos de negocio de los medios nativos digitales seleccionados; b) analizar la utilización y prácticas tecnológicas así como los formatos y estrategias de difusión; c) examinar y distinguir las interacciones de las comunidades de lectores con los contenidos publicados por los medios en redes sociales.
AIT foundations of structured experience
Authors: Ruffini Giulio , Lopez-Sola Edmundo 
Published: June 2022

We present a unifying framework to study consciousness based on algorithmic information theory (AIT). We take as a premise that ``there is experience'' and focus on the requirements for structured experience (S)--- the spatial, temporal, and conceptual organization of our first-person experience of the world and of ourselves as agents in it. Our starting point is the insight that access to good models---succinct and accurate generative programs of world data---is crucial for homeostasis and survival. We hypothesize that the successful comparison of such models with data provides the structure to experience. Building on the concept of Kolmogorov complexity, we can associate the qualitative aspects of S with the algorithmic features of the model, including its length, which reflects the structure discovered in the data. Moreover, a modeling system tracking structured data will display dimensionality reduction and criticality features that can be used empirically to quantify the structure of the program run by the agent. KT provides a consistent framework to define the concepts of life and agent and allows for the comparison between artificial agents and S-reporting humans to provide an educated guess about agent experience. A first challenge is to show that a human agent has S to the extent they run encompassing and compressive models tracking world data. For this, we propose to study the relation between the structure of neurophenomenological, physiological, and behavioral data. The second is to endow artificial agents with the means to discover good models and study their internal states and behavior. We relate the algorithmic framework to other theories of consciousness and discuss some of its epistemological, philosophical, and ethical aspects.
Fotosensibilidad inducida por fármacos
Authors: Pacheco Muñoz Mariana , Montero Valverde Dany , Abarca Brenes Ignacio 
Published: June 2022

La fotosensibilidad inducida por fármacos hace referencia a las erupciones cutáneas producto de una respuesta exagerada o anormal de la piel posterior a la exposición a radiación ultravioleta (UV), ya sea de la luz solar o de una fuente artificial en pacientes que se encuentran utilizando algún medicamento. Estas pueden subdividirse en reacciones fototóxicas y fotoalérgicas. La reacción de fototoxicidad es dada por una respuesta no inmunológica que resulta en lesión celular y daño tisular, mientras que la fotoalérgica corresponde a una reacción inmunológica de hipersensibilidad tipo IV tardía.
Los medicamentos más comúnmente asociados a estas reacciones incluyen la amiodarona, la clorpromazina, la doxiciclina, la hidroclorotiazida, el naproxeno, el piroxicam, las tetraciclinas, el voriconazol, la griseofulvina, las quinolonas, las sulfonamidas, los antinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) y los retinoides sistémicos. La presentación de la reacción dependerá de la dosis de los medicamentos, así como del tiempo de exposición a la radiación UV. El diagnóstico se basa principalmente en una historia clínica detallada y la exploración física, aunque varios métodos como el fototest o el fotoparche pueden ser útiles. La mayoría pueden tratarse con compresas frías, emolientes o calamina tópica, sin embargo, dependiendo del caso se pueden llegar a necesitar analgésicos orales y corticosteroides tópicos. Si la afectación es grave se pueden utilizar corticosteroides sistémicos.
Phonetic, orthoepic, pronunciational position: New approaches
Authors: Kalenchuk Maria 
Published: June 2022

The concept of “position” is one of the basic concepts of the Moscow Linguistic School. “Phonetic position” is understood as the conditions of use and realization of phonemes in speech, and it is generally assumed that the realization of a phoneme is completely determined by the quality of its phonetic position. It follows from this that knowing the specifi c phoneme and its phonetic position is enough to determine the sound representing this phoneme. Linguists have repeatedly stressed an important limitation — phonetic position should be determined by purely phonetic conditions. But the analysis of linguistic data shows that the procedure for bringing a phoneme to sound is always multi-step, involving formulation of many restrictions and conditions of a very diff erent (and not necessarily phonetic) nature. This makes us reconsider the criteria for the allocation of phonetic positions and allows us to apply to phonetic positions the approach developed earlier for the allocation of orthoepic positions. At the same time, it is advisable to introduce the concept of “pronunciational position”, which can combine the concepts of phonetic and orthoepic position. As it was shown in the author’s earlier works, there is a common thing between phonetic and orthoepic patterns — both zones are arranged positionally. In the light of the proposed approach, we can add that the concepts of phonetic and orthoepic positions are also similar in that, when formulating these positions, we implicitly or explicitly take into account non-phonetic factors of various kinds, primarily grammatical and lexical ones. It can be concluded that phonetic sound is a function of two determinants: a given phoneme and a pronunciational position, which integrates the traditional concepts of phonetic and orthoepic position and takes into account any linguistic factors that can infl uence the phoneme realization.
GAMBARAN GIGI YANG BERJEJAL DAN GIGI TIDAK BERJEJALTERHADAP KARANG GIGI PADA SISWA KELAS IV DAN V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aritonang Netty Jojor , Siahaan Yenny Lisbeth , Restuning Sekar , Sirait Tiurmina , Supriyanto Irwan 
Published: June 2022

Gigi berjejal merupakan ideal bagi kuman untuk berkembang karena adanya bagian-bagian yang sulit dijangkau oleh sikat gigi. Sebagian masyarakat Indonesia kurang memperhatikan kondisi kesehatan gigi. Pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dianggap tidak penting, padahal fungsi gigi sangat penting dan merupakan satu kesatuan dengan anggota tubuh lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan gigi yang optimal, terutama pada kesehatan gigi anak perlu diselenggarakan upaya kesehatan mulai dari kesehatan gigi di rumah maupun di sekolah.
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis dan jumlah gigi yang berjejal dan untuk mengetahui perbandingan karang gigi antara gigi yang berjejal dan gigi yang tidak berjejal. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan metode pemeriksaan langsung pada siswa/i. sampel yang diambil terdiri dari siswa Kelas IV dan V, yang berjumlah 30 orang yang dibagi 2 kelompok yaitu yang memiliki gigi berjejal sebanyak 15 orang dan sebanyak 15 orang yang giginya tidak berjejal.
Hasil penelitian diperoleh jenis dan jumlah gigi yang berjejal dan persentase kriteria karang gigi. Jenis dan jumlah gigi yang berjejal diperoleh 27 gigi incisivus ke 1 dan ke 2 yang berjejal, 4 gigi caninus dan 1 gigi premolar. Persentase kriteria karang gigi pada gigi yang berjejal diperoleh kriteria baik sebanyak 0%, kriteria sedang sebesar 47%, dan kriteria buruk sebesar 53%. Sedangkan pada gigi yang tidak berjejal diperoleh kriteria baik sebanyak 20%, kriteria sedang sebanyak 54% dan kriteria buruk sebanyak 26%.
Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu dilihat dari hasil pemeriksaan bahwa gigi yang paling banyak berjejal adalah gigi incisivus dan gigi caninus, salah satu penyebabnya karna gigi susu incisivus tanggal sebelum waktunya maka gigi sebelahnya bergeser miring ke tempat yang kosong sehingga ruangan untuk tumbuh gigi penggantinya akan mengalami penyempitan sehingga akan tumbuh diluar lengkungan gigi. Gigi yang berjejal salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya karang gigi.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Paediatric Patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Single Center Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Hassan M Quamrul , Sultana Sabina , Hossain Mohammed Istiaque , Iqbal Abu Sayeed Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world and reports of children with COVID-19 are increasing. This study was conducted to assess clinical features and outcome of COVID-19 in children at Evercare hospital Dhaka.
Materials & Method: This observational study was conducted on RT-PCR positive COVID-19 admitted children up to 14 years of age from May 2020 to November 2020 at the Pediatric Department of Evercare hospital Dhaka. Data were analyzed after collection of demographic and clinical data of 14 enrolled children.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 2.8±3.8 years with male female ratio was 1:1. Two (14.3%) patients had H/O fever in family member & the mean duration between contact & appearance of symptom was 12.5±12.56 days. The major clinical symptom was fever (85.7%). Next most common presenting symptoms were loose stool, vomiting & abdominal pain (42.9%), and convulsion (28.6%). Cough and breathing difficulty were present in 21.4% & 14.3% of the patients respectively. Most of the cases diagnosed as AGE (42.8%) followed by febrile convulsion (28.5%) then pneumonia (21.4%).
Conclusion: The symptoms of COVID-19 in children are mild and most of the patients may present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as loose stool, abdominal pain and febrile convulsion. The findings from this study might help to make early appropriate diagnosis and thus control the epidemic.
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 15-18
Button Battery (BB) Ingestion in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Sarkar Probir Kumar , Akand Nabila , Alam Jahangir , Mollah Abid Hossain 
Published: June 2022

Over the last few years, there is a rise in the use of button batteries(BB) in children’s toys and home appliances. Easy availability and small size of these batteries pose a significant risk of ingestion by small children which is exceedingly dangerous. After ingestion, the BB may lodge in the esophagus or enters easily into the stomach due to its variable sizes. If lodged in the esophagus, BB can cause injury due to their caustic and electric properties, as well as by direct pressure. In our case, the 16 months old boy had accidentally ingested a BB, removed approximately after 30 hours from the esophagus, had developed esophageal perforation followed by tracheaesophageal fistula, complications related to aspiration and finally expired due to bronchopneumonia with septicemia and respiratory failure. So, Prompt removal is mandatory to reduce devastating outcome if it is a button battery
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 41-44
Haematohidrosis: A Rare Case Report of A 12 year Old Girl with Unexplained & Puzzling Spontaneous Multiple Site Bleeding
Authors: Mutanabbi Mahbub , Ali Md Asif , Akhter Shohela , Mosleh Taskina , Morshed Jesmeen 
Published: June 2022

Hematohidrosis (bloody sweat) is a very rare clinical entity characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, self-limited episodes of blood oozing from intact skin or mucosa. A 12-year-old girl presented to our hospital with a history of repeated episodes of oozing of blood from different parts of the body like eyes, ear lobules, nose & navel. She also had history of episodes of hematemesis and haematuria. During examination, bleeding disappeared as soon as it was mopped leaving behind no sign of trauma. Most of these bleeding episodes occurred after stress. Her laboratory evaluation showed; bleeding time, clotting time and prothrombin time were normal. On the basis of clinical presentation and normal investigation, she was diagnosed as a case of hematohidrosis. We treated her with non-specific beta-blocker (propranolol). In spite of the rarity of hematohidrosis, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of bleeding episodes in patients with normal physical and laboratory investigations.
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 45-47
Recurrent Choking in a 40 days Old Infant: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Ghosh Uzzal Kumar , Sultana Azmeri , Ferdoucy Sultana Amena , Hossain Md Delwar , Hasan Md Samiul 
Published: June 2022

Malrotation of the gut is a surgical problem. Clinical presentation is asymptomatic to symptomatic likes vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation, or sub-acute or acute intestinal obstruction. Rotational anomalies occur due to the arrest of normal rotation of the embryonic gut. Intestinal malrotation occurs when the normal embryological process of bowel rotation happens incorrectly or incompletely. Malrotation of gut was diagnosed by clinical features plus contrast radiograph and/or laparotomy. Our patient 40 days old infant presented with recurrent choking attack after breastfeeding with fever, cough, and respiratory distress. Infant was treated a case of aspiration pneumonia with gastroesophageal reflux, with keeping in mind trachea esophageal fistula and achalasia cardia like rare entity after exclusion of common etiology of choking. Pneumonia improved by treatment but choking persisted. Finally it was diagnosed as a case of partial malrotation of upper gut per-operatively.
BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (1) : 51-54
Weaning food from indigenous sources in Bangladesh
Authors: Noman MAA , Ahmmed R , Mondal MHT , Khan MSI , Islam MN , Miah MAS , Islam MF 
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate nutritional quality of weaning food from indigenous sources. Three types of weaning food named as F-1 (wheat flour, soya flour, rice flour), F-2 (wheat flour, soya flour, malt extract) and F-3 (malted wheat flour, soya flour, peanuts, lentils, and carrots powder) were prepared for the study. Nutritional quality, functional and sensory characteristics of the developed food were investigated. Functional property as water absorption capacity, bulk density, water binding capacity, solubility, swelling power and viscosity varied from 136.24-145.83 (g/100g), 0.57-0.75 (g/cm3), 410.54-471.07 (g/100g), 35.05-48.81%, 6.16-11.79%, 33.48-39.41 (mp/s), respectively. Essential amino acids content of F-3 such as threonine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine and lysine were 0.77, 0.67, 0.45, 0.47, 0.51, 0.62, 0.41 and 1.73 (g/100g), respectively. Compositional analysis of fatty acid indicates that it contains 16.01% palmitic acid, 4.27% stearic acid, 45.90% linoleic acid and 25.55% oleic acid in F-3.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 29-38, 2021
Row orientation and weeding time effect on yield of Aman rice
Authors: Alam MJ , Mondal MMA 
Published: June 2022

The effect of row orientation and weeding time on growth, yield and yield attributes of transplanted Aman (T. Aman) rice cv. BRRI dhan41 were tested in the agronomy field laboratory of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment was carried out from July to December 2017. It comprised three row orientations viz. east-west, north-south and haphazard planting, and four weeding times viz. no weeding, weeding at 20 days after transplanting (DAT), weeding at 40 DAT and weeding at 60 DAT. Plant height, total tillers per hill, effective tillers per hill, grains per panicle, grain and straw yields were greater in east-west and north-south row orientation than in haphazard planting being the highest in east-west row orientation. But within east-west and north-south row orientation, there was no significant difference on plant characters. The highest performance in yield attributes and yield was observed in weeding at 40 DAT and the lowest one was recorded in no weeding. Among the treatment combinations, the highest yield was observed in east-west row orientation with weeding at 40 DAT for BRRI dhan41.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 47-52, 2021
Pattern and Outcome of Respiratory Disease in Dhaka Shishu Hospital: A One Year Analysis
Authors: Hossain Nazia , Sultana Akhand Tanzih , Kamrul Kamruzzama , Rahman Md Shakibur , Amin Md Ruhul 
Published: June 2022

Background: Respiratory diseases are one of the major causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. It is also a leading cause of hospital admission. The aim of this study is to analyze the pattern of respiratory disease admissions in a tertiary care hospital in a developing country.
Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on patients that presented with respiratory condition from January 2016 to December 2016.The medical records of patients admitted in the department of pediatric respiratory medicine unit (Pulmonology) over one-year period were reviewed. Information obtained included demography, diagnosis, mean duration of hospital stay and outcome of illness.
Results: Total 21 types of respiratory illness were categorized. The male to female patients ratio was 1.3:1. Among the patients 76.4% were less than five years old, 21.07% were between 5 and 9.9 years old, while 2.45% were 10 years and above. Pneumonia (54.41%) was the most common cases seen, followed by bronchiolitis (21.07%), PTB (2.94%), acute asthma (2.45%), pleural effusion (1.96%) and disseminated TB (1.96%). The median duration of admission was 12.9 days. Majority (93.6%) of admitted cases were discharged with advise, death was recorded in 2 (0.98%) children.Deaths occurred in children less than 5 years old, one with Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia and another with Tuberculosis.
Conclusion: Pneumonia, bronchiolitis and TB were the leading respiratory diseases among children admitted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.
DS (Child) H J 2018; 34(1) : 36-40
Oxygen Therapy in Children - An Update
Authors: Sarkar Probir Kumar , Rahman Md Shakibur 
Published: June 2022

In 1774, Joseph Priestley of England discovered the colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that Antoine Lavoisier named oxygen.Oxygen is a lifesaving drug has safe dose ranges, adverse physiologic effects, and toxic manifestations that are associated with higher doses and prolonged use. So, the administration of oxygen should be done with as much care and attention as any other drugs. Oxygen is transported in the blood in two ways: dissolved in the serum and in combination with hemoglobin.Children with any of the following signs are likely to have hypoxemia: central cyanosis, nasal flaring, inability to drink or feed due to respiratory distress, grunting with every breath and depressed mental state, severe lower chest wall indrawing, tachypnea or head nodding. The sources of oxygen and its delivery depend on the facility and the availability of resources. Most commonly use devices for oxygen delivery are nasal cannula, nasal prongs, simple face mask. An FiO2 of >0.5 is considered toxic. After only a few hours of breathing 100% O2, mucociliary function is depressed and clearance of mucous is impaired followed by nonproductive cough, substernal pain and nasal stuffiness may develop. More prolonged exposure to high O2 tention may lead to changes in the lung that mimic adult respiratory distress syndrome. In premature neonates, lower SpO2 may be targeted to reduce the toxic effects of oxygen therapy, such as retinopathy of prematurity or bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
DS (Child) H J 2018; 34(1) : 48-54
Jejunal Duplication Cyst - a Rare Cause of Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: Biswas Rana Kumar , Biswas Subir Ananda , Md Benzamin - , Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Karim ASM Bazlul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract not available
DS (Child) H J 2018; 34(1) : 55-58
Predictors of Mortality of Asphyxiated Neonates Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shirin Mahfuza , Haque Gazi Mohammad Imranul , Hossain M Monir 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a severe condition with significant morbidity and mortality. It is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries including Bangladesh. To reduce asphyxia related mortality, it is necessary to find out the responsible factors to reduce the mortality.
Objectives: This study was an attempt to find out the risk factors associated with mortality due to birth asphyxia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, conducted in Department of Neonatal Medicine and NICU of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital during the period of March 2016 to November 2016. Term neonates of within 24 hours of age with diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in this study. Demographic, intrapartum, clinical and laboratory data were recorded. The immediate outcome in terms of expired or survived were also recorded. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 25 programme. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have been done to find out the associations of risk factors with mortality. P value, <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: A total of 224 asphyxiated term neonates with a mean age of 12.64±6.82 hours were studied. Mean admission weight was 2677.01±407.71gm with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Among them 51 (22.8%) were expired. In Bivariate analysis, home trial before hospital delivery, obstructed labour, respiratory distress, unconsciousness, abnormal muscle tone, hypothermia, prolonged CRT, SpO2 <90%, hypoglycemia, and metabolic acidosis at the time of admission were significantly associated with mortality (p<0.05). It was found, home trial before hospital delivery (p=0.009, OR 4.023, 95% CI 1.424-11.366), unconsciousness (p=0.002, OR 4.811, 95% CI 1.773-13.148), hypothermia (p=0.001, OR 4.942, 95% CI 1.858-13.148), prolonged CRT (p=0.009, OR 3.651, 95% CI 1.384-9.630) and metabolic acidosis (p=0.018, OR 3.551, 95% CI 1.243-10.141) at the time of admission were independently affecting the mortality of asphyxiated neonates.
Conclusion: This study found that the predictors of mortality of neonates with perinatal asphyxia were home trial before hospital delivery, unconsciousness, hypothermia, prolonged CRT and metabolic acidosis at the time of admission.
DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(1) : 14-21