bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototype early diagnostic model for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis based on deep learning and big data training
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Mujiao , Fan Peimin , Wang Hua , Cai Jing , Wang Kai , Zhang Tao , Xiao Zelin , Yan Jingdong , Chen Chaomin , Lv Qingwen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) mainly depends on the integration of clinical, radiological and microbiological data. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great advantages in dealing with data‐rich biological and medical challenges, but the literature on IPA diagnosis is rare.ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide a non‐invasive, objective and easy‐to‐use AI approach for the early diagnosis of IPA.MethodsWe generated a prototype diagnostic deep learning model (IPA‐NET) comprising three interrelated computation modules for the automatic diagnosis of IPA. First, IPA‐NET was subjected to transfer learning using 300,000 CT images of non‐fungal pneumonia from an online database. Second, training and internal test sets, including clinical features and chest CT images of patients with IPA and non‐fungal pneumonia in the early stage of the disease, were independently constructed for model training and internal verification. Third, the model was further validated using an external test set.ResultsIPA‐NET showed a marked diagnostic performance for IPA as verified by the internal test set, with an accuracy of 96.8%, a sensitivity of 0.98, a specificity of 0.96 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99. When further validated using the external test set, IPA‐NET showed an accuracy of 89.7%, a sensitivity of 0.88, a specificity of 0.91 and an AUC of 0.95.ConclusionThis novel deep learning model provides a non‐invasive, objective and reliable method for the early diagnosis of IPA.
Preferences for end‐of‐life care and decision‐making among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults: A comparative cross‐sectional study in Hong Kong and Wuhan in China
Authors: Cheng Hui‐Lin , Kwong Enid , Chan Kitty , Lai Claudia , Xi Xin‐Xue , Lee Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to describe and compare end‐of‐life care and decision‐making preferences among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults between Wuhan and Hong Kong in China. The study adopted a cross‐sectional correlation design and recruited a convenience sample of 259 older adults, aged ≥65 years old from five community centers in Wuhan and Hong Kong. Participants completed a validated structured questionnaire that measured their end‐of‐life care and decision‐making preferences. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results showed that Wuhan participants were significantly more likely to view “trying every means to extend the life span” as very important/important; and they perceived “support from religious personnel” as unimportant/very unimportant. Different from those older adults in Hong Kong, the Wuhan participants significantly chose their home as the preferred place for end‐of‐life care and death. They also tended to prefer family members to enact the decision‐maker role in end‐of‐life decision situations. The study suggests older adults in Hong Kong and Wuhan have some differences in preferences for end‐of‐life care and decision‐making, which provides the basis for future development of culturally relevant community‐based end‐of‐life care.
Do ectomycorrhizal exploration types reflect mycelial foraging strategies?
Authors: Jörgensen Karolina , Clemmensen Karina E. , Wallander Håkan , Lindahl Björn D. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Ectomycorrhizal exploration types are commonly assumed to denote spatial foraging patterns and resource‐related niches of extraradical mycelia. However, empirical evidence of the consistency of foraging strategies within exploration types is lacking.
Here, we analysed ectomycorrhizal foraging patterns by incubating root‐excluding ingrowth mesh bags filled with six different substrates in mature Picea abies forests. High‐throughput sequencing was used to characterise ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in the mesh bags and on adjacent fine roots after one growing season.
Contrary to expectations, many ectomycorrhizal genera of exploration types that are thought to produce little extraradical mycelium colonised ingrowth bags extensively, whereas genera commonly associated with ample mycelial production occurred sparsely in ingrowth bags relative to their abundance on roots.
Previous assumptions about soil foraging patterns of exploration types do not seem to hold. Instead, we propose that variation in the proliferation of extraradical mycelium is related to intergeneric differences in mycelial longevity and the mobility of targeted resources.
AabHLH113 integrates jasmonic acid and abscisic acid signaling to positively regulate artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua
Authors: Yuan Mingyuan , Shu Guoping , Zhou Jiaheng , He Ping , Xiang Lien , Yang Chunxian , Chen Ming , Liao Zhihua , Zhang Fangyuan 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Artemisia annua, is in huge market demand due to its efficient antimalarial action, especially after the COVID‐19 pandemic. Many researchers have elucidated that phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) positively regulate artemisinin biosynthesis via types of transcription factors (TFs). However, the crosstalk between JA and ABA in regulating artemisinin biosynthesis remains unclear.

Here, we identified a novel ABA‐ and JA‐induced bHLH TF, AabHLH113, which positively regulated artemisinin biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of artemisinin biosynthetic genes, DBR2 and ALDH1. The contents of artemisinin and dihydroartemisinic acid increased by 1.71‐ to 2.06‐fold and 1.47‐ to 2.23‐fold, respectively, in AabHLH1113 overexpressed A. annua, whereas they decreased by 14–36% and 26–53%, respectively, in RNAi‐AabHLH113 plants.

Furthermore, we demonstrated that AabZIP1 and AabHLH112, which, respectively, participate in ABA and JA signaling pathway to regulate artemisinin biosynthesis, directly bind to and activate the promoter of AabHLH113.

Collectively, we revealed a complex network in which AabHLH113 plays a key interrelational role to integrate ABA‐ and JA‐mediated regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis.
Persistently abnormal device‐detected thoracic impedance and OptiVol fluid index related to breast reconstruction surgery
Authors: Nagra Bipinpreet , Ibrahim Tanya , Shah Arti N. , Kantharia Bharat K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith significant correlation shown between intrathoracic impedance and intrathoracic fluid volume, the utility of OptiVol fluid index (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) in the management of patients with heart failure has been well‐described. Although intrathoracic impedance is mainly affected by the changes in the intrathoracic fluid volume, a “false‐positive” OptiVol fluid index can occur in the absence of overt congestive heart failure. We present a case of false positive Optivol fluid index elevation in a woman following breast reconstruction surgery.
Explaining public policy change in a developing country: A case study of Ghana's forest and wildlife policy
Authors: Asante William 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe quest for answers to global policy changes has engaged many a policy researcher's agenda. This has led to the adoption and application of various theoretical perspectives in a bid to explain the complex policy change process for better understanding. However, the highly contested reasons for policy change underpinned by context‐specific variables in the extant literature demand more empirically supported studies. This article responds by adopting the multiple streams framework (MSF) to explain and deepen understanding of why policies change in a developing African country, specifically Ghana, with the forest and wildlife policy (FWP) as a case study. Adopting a qualitative case study design, the study empirically supports the MSF assumption that the effective coupling of the three streams of problem, policy, and politics through a window of opportunity was crucial in Ghana's FWP change in 2012. This study attempts to balance practice and theory.Related ArticlesBrant, Hanna K., Nathan Myers, and Katherine L. Runge. 2017. “Promotion, Protection, and Entrepreneurship: Stakeholder Participation and Policy Change in the 21st Century Cures Initiative.” Politics & Policy 45(3): 372–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12201.Dunning, Kelly Heber. 2021. “Unlikely Conservation Policy Making in a Polarized Congress: A Multiple Streams Analysis of ‘America's Most Successful Conservation Program.’” Politics & Policy 50: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12448.Tanaka, Yugo, Andrew Chapman, Tetsuo Tezuka, and Shigeki Sakurai. 2020. “Multiple Streams and Power Sector Policy Change: Evidence from the Feed‐in Tariff Policy Process in Japan.” Politics & Policy 48(3): 464–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12357.
Path dependence and resistance to it in public policies: The case of charter school policies in the United States
Authors: Holyoke Thomas T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolicies are assumed to rarely change after enactment. Punctuated equilibrium theory argues this is because law makers shift attention away from policies after enactment, letting them run on autopilot. I argue that the periods between punctuations deserves study, and that what law makers do is design institutions to make policies path dependent so they can only change within limited parameters—if at all. It may also be that interest groups opposing new policies are still able to shape the way they evolve, pushing against intended paths. In this article I test the influence of path dependence versus group opposition in state charter school policies. I find some evidence of path dependence, but I also find that, to some extent, opposing interests can still change these laws after enactment. Furthermore, I find these policies became increasingly similar over time, partially because of path dependence, but also because of the influence of opposing interests.Related ArticlesErtas, Nevbahar. 2015. “Policy Narratives and Public Opinion concerning Charter Schools.” Politics & Policy 43(3): 426–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12120.Kwon, Sung‐Wook, and Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman. 2019. “Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 300–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12295.Patrick, Barbara. 2016. “Performance Policies and Workforce Development: Can the Market Model Be Successfully Implemented in the Public Arena?” Politics & Policy 44(6): 1116–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12185.
Race to the top and the diffusion of state education intervention policy in the American states
Authors: Mallinson Daniel J. , Lovell Darrell 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to explain the adoption and spread of school turnaround legislation in the American states. While turnaround policy started in New Jersey in 1989, it did not spread rapidly or widely until the eras of No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top (RTTT). We specifically address how RTTT leveraged a coercive federalism that helped propel policies like school turnarounds. Using data on turnaround adoptions from 1989 to 2019 and applying diffusion of innovations theory, we find evidence that ideological learning and RTTT competition relate to the policy's spread among the states, though there is stronger evidence for a horizontal diffusion than a vertical one. The findings build on a growing literature regarding the dynamics of federal oversight in policy diffusion and contribute to understanding how competitive incentives like RTTT can have ripple effects on nonwinning states.Related ArticlesButz, Adam M., Michael P. Fix, and Joshua L. Mitchell. 2015. “Policy Learning and the Diffusion of Stand‐Your‐Ground Laws.”Politics & Policy43(3): 347–77.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12116.Maranto, Robert, Julie Trivitt, Malachi Nichols, and Angela Watson. 2017. “No Contractual Obligation to Improve Education: School Boards and Their Superintendents.”Politics & Policy45(6): 1003–23.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12216.Satterthwaite, Shad. 2002. “State Charter School Adoptions: A Probit Regression Model.”Politics & Policy30(1): 32–9.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2002.tb00633.x.
Agile contracting: Managing incentives under uncertain needs
Authors: Gupta Shivam , Agrawal Anupam , Ryan Jennifer K. 
Published: October 2022

We consider a novel principal–agent model that captures some salient features of an agile software development project. Specifically, the project is technically complex, can be modularized via a set of independent stories which are developed in sprints, and has requirements that can change over time due to exogenous changes in business needs, technologies, or market conditions. In addition, given the iterative nature of agile development, our model also captures and analyzes the interaction between two types of learning effects, namely, viability learning and cost learning, which until our paper have been examined only individually in the literature. Our paper makes the following contributions to the literature: (i) We characterize an optimal contract for the principal in closed‐form and generate managerial insights on how the agent's incentive to work changes, and consequently how the optimal contracting terms offered by the principal change, depending upon the business environment. We show that the interaction between the two learning effects and need‐risk plays an important and yet unexplored role in influencing the dynamics in the optimal contract. (ii) Using the optimal contract as the benchmark, we examine the performance of time‐and‐material contracts that are popularly used in agile projects. (iii) We obtain an optimal contract for precedence‐dependent stories in which one story must be completed before starting another story. Overall, our results provide both prescriptive and qualitative guidance to firms outsourcing agile software development projects.
Transcriptome analysis of perennial ryegrass reveals the regulatory role of Aspergillus aculeatus under salt stress
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Fan Shugao , Cui Xinyu , Shao An , Wang Wei , Xie Yan , Fu Jinmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an important turf grass and forage grass with moderately tolerant to salinity stress. Aspergillus aculeatus has been documented to involved in salt stress response of perennial ryegrass, while the A. aculeatus‐mediated molecular mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying A. aculeatus‐mediated salt tolerance, the comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the perennial ryegrass roots was performed. Twelve cDNA libraries from roots were constructed after 12 h of plant–fungus cocultivation under 300 mM salt stress concentrations. A total of 21,915 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through pairwise comparisons. Enrichment analysis revealed that potentially important A. aculeatus‐induced salt responsive genes belonging to specific categories, such as hormonal metabolism (auxin and salicylic acid metabolism related genes), secondary metabolism (flavonoid's metabolism related genes) and transcription factors (MYB, HSF and AP2/EREBP family). In addition, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that blue and black modules were significantly positively correlated with the peroxidase activity and proline content, then the hub genes within these two modules were further identified. Taken together, we found the categories of A. aculeatus‐induced salt responsive genes, revealing underlying fungus‐induced molecular mechanisms of salt stress response in perennial ryegrass roots. Besides, fungus‐induced salt‐tolerant hub genes represent a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanisms.
Endophytic bacteria perform better than endophytic fungi in improving plant growth under drought stress: A meta‐comparison spanning 12 years (2010–2021)
Authors: Tufail Muhammad Aammar , Ayyub Muhaimen , Irfan Muhammad , Shakoor Awais , Chibani Cynthia Maria , Schmitz Ruth A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDrought stress is a serious issue that affects agricultural productivity all around the world. Several researchers have reported using plant growth‐promoting endophytic bacteria to enhance the drought resistance of crops. However, how endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi are effectively stimulating plant growth under drought stress is still largely unknown. In this article, a global meta‐analysis was undertaken to compare the plant growth‐promoting effects of bacterial and fungal endophytes and to identify the processes by which both types of endophytes stimulate plant growth under drought stress. Moreover, this meta‐analysis enlightens how plant growth promotion varies across crop types (C3 vs. C4 and monocot vs. dicot), experiment types (in vitro vs. pots vs. field), and the inoculation methods (seed vs. seedling). Specifically, this research included 75 peer‐reviewed publications, 170 experiments, 20 distinct bacterial genera, and eight fungal classes. On average, both endophytic bacterial and fungal inoculation increased plant dry and fresh biomass under drought stress. The effect of endophytic bacterial inoculation on plant dry biomass, shoot dry biomass, root length, photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and gibberellins productions were at least two times greater than that of fungal inoculation. In addition, under drought stress, bacterial inoculation increased the proline content of C4 plants. Overall, the findings of this meta‐analysis indicate that both endophytic bacterial and fungal inoculation of plants is beneficial under drought conditions, but the extent of benefit is higher with endophytic bacteria inoculation but it varies across crop type, experiment type, and inoculation method.
Introduction of non‐native fish for aquaculture in China: A systematic review
Authors: Kang Bin , Vitule Jean R. S. , Li Shan , Shuai Fangmin , Huang Liangliang , Huang Xiaoxia , Fang Jinghui , Shi Xiaotao , Zhu Yugui , Xu Dongpo , Yan Yunrong , Lou Fangrui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAquaculture, especially of non‐native species and translocated domestic species, is a greatly encouraged way of relieving the conflicts between food and economic demand and resource depletion. We herein summarized the introduction history of non‐native fish for aquacultural use in China, including 105 species introduced from abroad and 61 species translocated domestically across river basins, which has brought great economic benefits but high ecological risks. Of these, one‐fourth have successfully established wild populations in natural waters and 15% have successfully invaded. We presented specific examples of seven aquaculture species/taxa and three aquarium species/taxa to explain their outcomes. The notable economic benefits, complex species composition and strain selection of tilapias, carps and sturgeons may together facilitate their invasion, and result in fish diversity decline, genetic pollution, and loss of ecosystem service. We specifically reviewed invasion cases in lakes and reservoirs and found that lakes in western China and reservoirs made by major hydroprojects are hotspots for non‐native species, and this has led to the disappearance of endemic species and changes to the original faunal composition. The escaped non‐native fish introduced via aquaculture has changed the original fish biogeography, resulting in the loss of assemblage uniqueness and causing faunal homogeneity. China has achieved significant progress in completing the Aichi Targets by improving the legal system and strengthening conservational actions on controlling non‐native species. Further actions, especially on risk assessment and management of non‐native species are expected for a healthy outlook for the aquaculture industry of China.
Aristotle vs. Plato: The classical origins of capitalist & socialist political economies*
Authors: Grigoriadis Theocharis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCompeting definitions of justice in Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics indicate the existence of two distinct economic systems with different priorities. The three‐class society of the Platonic economy (guardians, auxiliaries, producers) gives rise to guardians who by virtue are expected to enforce output targets on producers directly or through auxiliaries. The three‐class society of the Aristotelian economy (rich, middle, poor) facilitates the emergence of different ruling coalitions and compensates the efficiency losses of central planning with political gains derived from representative governance. In the Aristotelian economy, the middle class is better off than in the Platonic economy (auxiliaries), because a just society (polity) is achieved under its coalition with the rich. I argue that the equilibrium solutions of the Platonic and Aristotelian economic systems provide analytical insights on the origins of capitalist and socialist political economies.
Biased managers with network externalities
Authors: Choi Kangsik , Lee DongJoon , Lee Ki‐Dong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn network industry under Cournot and Bertrand competition, we examine a model when owners of firms hire biased managers who have incorrect market demand. Contrast to previous studies, we show that (i) regardless of the strength of network externalities when consumers form the responsive and passive expectations, owners realize strategic advantage by hiring biased managers to be more aggressive under Cournot and Bertrand competition, (ii) firms prefer facing passive expectations for the weak network externalities and vice versa for the strong network exteranlities under Bertrand and Cournot competition, (iii) if the network size is sufficiently large, then the prisoner's dilemma that firms hire aggressive managers no longer exists under both competition modes. As with no delegation case, we obtain the different rankings of firms' profit depending on both network externalities and forming of expectations under Cournot and Bertrand competition.
Markets or unions? De‐unionisation and German firms' provision of flexible working‐time policies from 2002 to 2016
Authors: Jacobi Aljoscha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWorking‐time regimes structure time‐use and (gender) inequality, but processes shaping the availability of flexible working‐hours arrangements remain poorly understood. This study adopts a longitudinal perspective to investigate change in the provision of long‐ and short‐term working‐time accounts by firms in Germany between 2002 and 2016. In this period, flexibility policies became more common, but union coverage declined, motivating the question: Are unions losing their influence on working‐time arrangements? And if so, is availability increasingly determined by firms' agency? Dualization theory implies that while unions have a narrowing sphere of influence, their collective bargaining power remains intact. By contrast, the classical assumption is that reduced coverage leads to a reduced bargaining power. A third line of argument holds that where unions' influence declines, firms' agency driven by factors such as competition for skilled employees or the need to retain female employees becomes more important. Using the German IAB Establishment Panel this study decomposes the overall expansion of flexibility policies in parts accruing to changes in firms' behaviour and changes in industrial relations and labour market conditions. The study finds that increased competition for employees contributed to better working conditions. The penalty for firms employing a high share of women decreased slightly, but not for the most legally protected policies. Erosion of collective bargaining is found to have a small negative impact on working‐time arrangements. Overall, the findings confirm that despite a diminished sphere of influence, union's bargaining power remained relatively stable.