bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using of geographic information systems (GIS) to determine the suitable site for collecting agricultural residues
Authors: Khater El-Sayed G. , Ali Samir A. , Afify Mohamed T. , Bayomy Magdy A. , Abbas Rasha S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to use the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to determine the optimum site to collect the residues in order to reduce cost and increase the benefits. To achieve these three scenarios were studied to reach the best collection sites for recycling rice straw in Sinbilawin center. The results indicate that the first scenario: The result was forty (40) collection sites in this status the cost of transfer will be very high because the collecting starts from inside village to the 40 sites and transfer to main sites to recycle operation. The second scenario: The total lengths of roads are not much then the cost of transfer is low and save time and efforts. The third scenario: The result was five collecting sites. It was shortest length and lowest cost. Transportation costs in the first scenario were difficult to calculate because of the difficulty to access a network of documented roads from satellite maps to use it with the GIS program. The total internal transport costs were 987,308.86 and 826,966.43 L.E (Egyptian pound, $ = 19.15 L.E) for second and third scenarios, respectively. The average transport costs per ton were 17 and 14 L.E/ton for the second and third scenarios, respectively. Also, the total lengths of roads were 817.62 and 615.65 km for the second and third scenarios, respectively.
Efficacy, safety and prognostic factors in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab in a real-world setting
Authors: Martínez-Lago Nieves , Chucla Teresa Calleja , De Castro Beatriz Alonso , Ponte Rafael Varela , Rendo Cristina Reboredo , Rodriguez Martin Igor Gomez-Randulfe , Diaz Sofia Silva , Suarez Begoña Graña , de la Cámara Gomez Juan , Fernández Fernando Busto , Salvador María Mateos , Lopez Margarita Reboredo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) plus bevacizumab in treating refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a retrospective, observational study. Patients refractory or intolerant to standard therapies received TAS-102 (30–35 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1–5 and days 8–12 every 28 days) plus bevacizumab 5 mg/kg on days 1 and 15. Clinical and pathological characteristics, overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) data were collected and analysed. Thirty-five patients were treated from July 2019 to October 2021 (median age 64 years). The majority of patients (68.6%) were receiving TAS-102 plus bevacizumab as third-line treatment. Patients received a median of 4 (range 2–15) cycles of treatment. Among 31 patients evaluable for response (88.6%), ORR and DCR were 3.2% and 51.6%, respectively. After a median 11.6 months’ follow-up, median PFS was 4.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4–5.1) months and median OS was 9.3 (95% CI 6.6–12.1) months. The most common grade 3–4 toxicities were neutropenia, asthenia and nausea/vomiting, and there were no treatment-related deaths. This real-world study confirms the efficacy and safety of TAS-102 plus bevacizumab in patients with refractory mCRC.
The benefit of anti-angiogenic therapy in EGFR exon 21 L858R mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective study
Authors: You Liangkun , Zheng Xinnan , Deng Danchen , Pan Hongming , Han Weidong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPatients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 21 L858R substitution benefit less from standard EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, and whether anti-angiogenic therapy was beneficial to the EGFR L858R subpopulation was inconclusive. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the survival benefit and the target characteristics of the anti-angiogenic agent in the EGFR L858R patients in our center, comparing those treated with or without anti-angiogenic therapy (cohort A and cohort B). At the median follow-up time of 31.0 months vs 32.7 months (cohort A vs. B) respectively, Cohort A (n = 58) had a significantly prolonged median OS compared to Cohort B (n = 101) (60.0 months vs.37.0 months, HR 0.51, p = 0.016). Anti-angiogenic therapy significantly prolonged the OS in patients with liver metastases (NA vs.26.0 months, HR 0.17, p = 0.023) comparing to patients without liver metastases (60.0 months vs.37.0 months, HR 0.63, p = 0.129). For brain metastatic patients, anti-angiogenic treatment tended to improve median OS with (65.0 months vs.35.0 months, HR 0.29, p = 0.068) or without brain radiotherapy (73.0 months vs.29.0 months, HR 0.24, p = 0.171). The grade 3 or more adverse events were manageable and consistent with previous studies. Patients with EGFR L858R mutation treated with anti-angiogenic therapy in their course of treatment had a significantly prolonged OS compared to those who had never received an anti-angiogenic agent. Patients with liver metastases might benefit more from anti-angiogenic therapy than those without.
UDP-glucose, cereblon-dependent proinsulin degrader
Authors: Cho Jaeyong , Miyagawa Atsushi , Yamaguchi Kazuki , Abe Wakana , Tsugawa Yoji , Yamamura Hatsuo , Imai Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInsulin secretion is regulated in multiple steps, and one of the main steps is in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that UDP-glucose induces proinsulin ubiquitination by cereblon, and uridine binds and competes for proinsulin degradation and behaves as sustainable insulin secretagogue. Using insulin mutagenesis of neonatal diabetes variant-C43G and maturity-onset diabetes of the young 10 (MODY10) variant-R46Q, UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGGT1) protects cereblon-dependent proinsulin ubiquitination in the ER. Cereblon is a ligand-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase, and we found that UDP-glucose is the first identified endogenous proinsulin protein degrader. Uridine-containing compounds, such as uridine, UMP, UTP, and UDP-galactose, inhibit cereblon-dependent proinsulin degradation and stimulate insulin secretion from 3 to 24 h after administration in β-cell lines as well as mice. This late and long-term insulin secretion stimulation is designated a day sustainable insulin secretion stimulation. Uridine-containing compounds are designated as proinsulin degradation regulators.
External validation of the hospital frailty risk score among older adults receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: Sy Eric , Kassir Sandy , Mailman Jonathan F. , Sy Sarah L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo externally validate the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) in critically ill patients. We selected older adult (≥ 75 years old) hospitalizations receiving mechanical ventilation, using the Nationwide Readmissions Database (January 1, 2016-November 30, 2018). Frailty risk was subcategorized into low-risk (HFRS score < 5), intermediate-risk (score 5–15), and high-risk (score > 15). We evaluated the HFRS to predict in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and 30-day readmissions, using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. Model performance was assessed using the c-statistic, Brier score, and calibration plots. Among 649,330 weighted hospitalizations, 9.5%, 68.3%, and 22.2% were subcategorized as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk for frailty, respectively. After adjustment, high-risk patient hospitalizations were associated with increased risks of prolonged hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.59 [95% confidence interval [CI] 5.24–5.97], c-statistic 0.694, Brier 0.216) and 30-day readmissions (aOR 1.20 [95% CI 1.13–1.27], c-statistic 0.595, Brier 0.162), compared to low-risk hospitalizations. Conversely, high-risk hospitalizations were inversely associated with in-hospital mortality (aOR 0.46 [95% CI 0.45–0.48], c-statistic 0.712, Brier 0.214). The HFRS was not successfully validated to predict in-hospital mortality in critically ill older adults. While it may predict other outcomes, its use should be avoided in the critically ill.
Calcium and phosphorus supplemented diet increases bone volume after thirty days of high speed treadmill exercise in adult mice
Authors: Friedman Michael A. , Kohn David H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWeight-bearing exercise increases bone mass and strength. Increasing bone loading frequency during exercise can strengthen bone. Combining exercise with a calcium- and phosphorus-supplemented diet increases cortical area more than exercise alone in mice. Thus, we hypothesized that combining high-speed treadmill exercise while feeding mice a mineral-supplemented diet would lead to greater cortical area than high-speed exercise on a standard diet and low-speed exercise on a supplemented diet. Fifteen-week old male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to seven groups—(1) baseline, (2) non-exercise fed a control diet, (3) non-exercise fed a supplemented diet, (4) low-speed exercise fed a control diet, (5) low-speed exercise fed a supplemented diet, (6) high-speed exercise fed a control diet, and (7) high-speed exercise fed a supplemented diet. Mice exercised thirty days for 20 min/day at 12 m/min or 20 m/min. Tibiae were assessed by micro-CT and 4-point bending. Cortical area fraction and trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were significantly increased by the supplemented diet. High-speed exercised mice had significantly lower body weight, with no detrimental effects to bone health. Increasing running speed can decrease body weight while maintaining the benefits of exercise and nutrition on bone health. Running can lower body weight without harming bone health.
The Effects of Training Variability and Pitch Aptitude on the Overnight Consolidation of Lexical Tones
Authors: Qin Zhen , Jin Rui , Zhang Caicai 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Although variability of training materials has the potential to benefit the learning of lexical tones, the benefit is contingent on an individual's pitch aptitude. Previous studies did not segregate immediate learning and consolidation after an overnight interval, and little is known about how pitch aptitude differences affect consolidation. This study examined whether pitch aptitude predicts overnight consolidation of Cantonese level tones through high-variability (HV) and low-variability (LV) training.

Method:
Two groups of Mandarin-speaking participants were first assessed in terms of pitch threshold and tone discrimination, which tapped into different aspects of pitch aptitude. They then received Cantonese level tone identification training in either an HV or an LV condition. The participants were trained in the evening, were tested after training, and returned after 24 hr for overnight consolidation assessment.

Results:
The results indicate that pitch aptitude, measured through pitch threshold, may have predicted overnight consolidation and training progress of the HV group but not those of the LV group. In the HV group, compared with high-aptitude learners, low-aptitude learners benefited temporarily from training variability but did not consolidate the tonal knowledge as much as their high-aptitude counterparts did after 24 hr.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest that individual learners had difficulty learning nonnative tones by virtue of memory consolidation. Higher pitch aptitude ability (pitch threshold) may provide protection against the decay of learned tones and facilitate tone consolidation. The findings imply that the early emergence of tonal representation is a dynamic process among individuals of nonnative speakers who are exposed to training variability.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20539998
A combined‐constraints‐based optimization methodology aimed at temperature balancing for radial layered encapsulation structure of bridge arm reactor
Authors: Hou Qixin , Li Qingmin , Zou Liang , Sun Yuxin , Liu Qingsong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBridge arm reactor is widely used in voltage sourced converter based HVDC transmission projects, whose temperature distribution is the critical factor determining its operating life. However, the prevailing methods cannot effectively address the pending problem of excessive hot‐spot temperature. In this paper, a radial layered structure is proposed, and each encapsulation is layered according to the ‘Huke curve’, reducing the overall temperature rise and metal consumption of the reactor significantly. Further, a combined‐constraints‐based optimization (CCBO) methodology is proposed with combined advantages of the isothermal rise method and the equal resistance voltage method. A joint solution model for the electrothermal parameters of multiple encapsulations is established. The optimal parameters combination is obtained through iterations, and the temperature rise distribution tends to be balanced. The calculation example for an 800‐kV bridge arm reactor with the radial layered structure shows that the hot spot temperature rise is 33.9% lower than that of the traditional structure, and the metal consumption decreases by 61.5%. Through the CCBO methodology, the temperature difference among encapsulations reduces by 12.5% in comparison with the isothermal rise method. From this work, encapsulations’ temperature rise distribution and their metal consumption become balanced and less, which will improve the reactors’ operation reliability.
Vulnerability assessment of electrical and thermal cyber physical system considering dual coupling characteristics
Authors: Dong Shen , Zhou Buxiang , Zang Tianlei , Xiao Xianyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the continuous improvement of the informatization and intelligence of the Electrical and Thermal Cyber Physical System (ETCPS), the coupling between the various subsystems is getting closer and closer. When the system fails, due to the coupling characteristics, the system security risk is intensified. On this basis, the dual coupling characteristics of ETCPS have been analyzed according to the cyber physical model established first. Secondly, a two‐state optimal scheduling model and comprehensive vulnerability (CV) index, which consider various characteristics of ETCPS, are established, and interactions between the subsystems are analyzed quantitatively. Then, the source load loss rate is defined, which quantifies system security risk. Finally, five vulnerability assessment methods as well as the proposed method are compared. The feasibility and rationality of the proposed method are proved by two test systems.
Multi‐scale group‐fusion convolutional neural network for high‐resolution range profile target recognition
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wang Xiaodan , Lai Jie , Song Yafei , Li Rui , Lei Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConvolution neural networks (CNNs) represent one of the workhorses of artificial intelligence applications. As a typical artificial intelligence application, a high‐resolution range profile (HRRP) target recognition method based on CNNs has aroused a lot of research interest. Most CNNs use a relatively small and single‐scale convolution kernel size to control the number of parameters and computational complexity, but recent studies indicate that CNNs with a small kernel size cannot extract enough spatial information, which hurts the recognition performance. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a multi‐scale group‐fusion one‐dimensional convolution neural network (MSGF‐1D‐CNN) for HRRP target recognition. MSGF‐1D‐CNN utilises multi‐scale group one‐dimensional convolution (MSG 1D‐Conv) and point‐wise convolution (PW‐Conv) to replace the standard convolution. Multi‐scale group one‐dimensional convolution can significantly reduce complexity and capture the information of targets within HRRP in different levels of detail to enhance feature extraction, while PW‐Conv can realise the fusion of multi‐scale features to help boosting recognition performance. Experiments on five mid‐course ballistic targets in the HRRP dataset show that MSGF‐1D‐CNN has superior recognition performance, and the parameter number of the model is reduced by more than 2.4 times than standard 1D‐CNN. Furthermore, MSGF‐1D‐CNN shows better performance on fine‐grained HRRP target recognition and anti‐noise robustness in most cases.
Existence of tidal tails for the globular cluster NGC 5824
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhao Jing-Kun , Ishigaki Miho N. , Chiba Masashi , Yang Cheng-Qun , Xue Xiang-Xiang , Ye Xian-Hao , Zhao Gang 
Published: August 2022

Context. Several dynamically cold streams have been associated with certain globular clusters (GCs) based on orbital energies and angular momenta. Some of these streams are surprisingly far apart from their progenitors and one such pair is Triangulum and NGC 5824. Triangulum can be considered as a piece of the leading tail of NGC 5824 since the cluster’s future orbit matches well with the stream’s track. The existence of the leading tail of NGC 5824 is the motivation behind the search for its trailing tail.
Aims. Our goal is to confirm the connection between Triangulum and NGC 5824. We also search for the trailing tail of the cluster.
Methods. The selection of member stars of Triangulum is made through various cuts in metallicity, proper motions (PMs), radial velocity and a color–magnitude diagram (CMD). The selected members are compared in phase space to a mock stream that models the disruption of NGC 5824. We then try to detect the trailing tail of the cluster based on a modified matched-filter technique. Stars are assigned weights using their color differences from the cluster’s locus in the CMD. These weights are further scaled, based on the stars’ departures from expected PMs of the model stream.
Results. A total of 26 member stars for Triangulum are obtained, 16 of which are newly identified. These members are consistent with the mock stream in the phase space, and their metalicity and position on the CMD are in good agreement with NGC 5824. By applying the matched filter, a tenuous trailing tail of the cluster is detected, spanning ∼50° long on sky. The signature matches well with the mock stream’s trajectory.
Conclusions. Our results support that the Triangulum stream acts as a part of the leading tail for NGC 5824. On the trailing side, we detected a 50° tail extending from the cluster. The existence of both leading and trailing tails for the GC NGC 5824 is verified.
Broadband spectroscopy of astrophysical ice analogues
Authors: Gavdush A. A. , Kruczkiewicz F. , Giuliano B. M. , Müller B. , Komandin G. A. , Grassi T. , Theulé P. , Zaytsev K. I. , Ivlev A. V. , Caselli P. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Broadband optical constants of astrophysical ice analogues in the infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) ranges are required for modeling the dust continuum emission and radiative transfer in dense and cold regions, where thick icy mantles are formed on the surface of dust grains. Such data are still missing from the literature, which can be attributed to the lack of appropriate spectroscopic systems and methods for laboratory studies.
Aims. In this paper, the THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) and the Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) are combined to study optical constants of CO and CO2 ices in the broad THz-IR spectral range.
Methods. The measured ices were grown at cryogenic temperatures by gas deposition on a cold silicon window. We developed a method to quantify the broadband THz-IR optical constants of ices, based on the direct reconstruction of the complex refractive index of ices in the THz range from the TDS data and the use of the Kramers-Kronig relation in the IR range for the reconstruction from the FTIR data. Uncertainties introduced by the Kramers-Kronig relations were eliminated by merging the THz and IR spectra. Finally, the reconstructed THz-IR response was analyzed using classical models of complex dielectric permittivity.
Results. The complex refractive index of CO and CO2 ices deposited at the temperature of 28 K was obtained in the range of 0.312.0 THz and fitted using the analytical Lorentz model. Based on the measured dielectric constants, opacities of the astrophysical dust with CO and CO2 icy mantles were computed.
Conclusions. The method developed in this work can be used for a model-independent reconstructions of optical constants of various astrophysical ice analogs in a broad THz-IR range. Such data can provide important benchmarks for interpreting broadband observations from existing and future ground-based facilities and space telescopes. The reported results will be useful in modeling sources that exhibit a drastic molecular freeze-out, such as the central regions of prestellar cores and mid-planes of protoplanetary disks, as well as CO and CO2 snow lines in disks.
Impact of Population III homogeneous stellar evolution on early cosmic reionisation
Authors: Sibony Y. , Liu B. , Simmonds C. , Meynet G. , Bromm V. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Population III (Pop III) stars may be fast rotating. An expected consequence of fast rotation is strong internal mixing that deeply affects their evolutionary tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and hence their ionising power.
Aims. We investigate the impact on the ionising power of Pop III stars in an extreme case of internal mixing, the one leading to chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE). In that situation, during the main sequence phase, the star keeps the same chemical composition from its centre to its surface. Homogeneous stars have larger effective temperatures and luminosities than stars evolving non-homogeneously and thus are stronger ionising sources.
Methods. The stellar evolution models are based on n = 3 polytropes with a time-varying mass fraction of hydrogen. The ionisation model employs the self-similar champagne flow solution from Shu et al. (2002, ApJ, 580, 969) and numerical simulations for the stochastic treatment of star clusters over a grid of redshifts and halo masses.
Results. We find that haloes containing chemically homogeneous stars have an escape fraction of ionising photons up to twice that of haloes containing classical Pop III stars. By extrapolating the high-z ionisation history powered by Pop III stars (at z ≳ 15) to the post-reionisation epoch, we derived the Thomson scattering optical depth τ, which is compared with the value measured by Planck. We find that τ is overproduced by ∼1.5 − 5σ when all Pop III stars evolve homogeneously. This indicates that CHE is unlikely to be realised in the majority of Pop III stars, although the present study cannot exclude that a fraction of them undergo CHE.
Conclusions. Fast rotation might have a significant impact on the ionising budget of Pop III stars and thus on early cosmic reionisation. The impact is stronger for less top-heavy initial mass functions of Pop III stars.