bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound reasons for unsound sleep: Comparative support for the sentinel hypothesis in industrial and nonindustrial groups
Authors: McKinnon Leela , Shattuck Eric C , Samson David R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesSleep is a vulnerable state in which individuals are more susceptible to threat, which may have led to evolved mechanisms for increasing safety. The sentinel hypothesis proposes that brief awakenings during sleep may be a strategy for detecting and responding to environmental threats. Observations of sleep segmentation and group sentinelization in hunter-gatherer and small-scale communities support this hypothesis, but to date it has not been tested in comparisons with industrial populations characterized by more secure sleep environments.MethodologyHere, we compare wake after sleep onset (WASO), a quantitative measure of nighttime awakenings, between two nonindustrial and two industrial populations: Hadza hunter-gatherers (n = 33), Malagasy small-scale agriculturalists (n = 38), and Hispanic (n = 1,531) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) (n = 347) Americans. We compared nighttime awakenings between these groups using actigraphically-measured sleep data. We fit linear models to assess whether WASO varies across groups, controlling for sex and age.ResultsWe found that WASO varies significantly by group membership and is highest in Hadza (2.44 h) and Malagasy (1.93 h) and lowest in non-Hispanic Whites (0.69 h). Hispanics demonstrate intermediate WASO (0.86 h), which is significantly more than NHW participants. After performing supplementary analysis within the Hispanic sample, we found that WASO is significantly and positively associated with increased perception of neighborhood violence.Conclusions and implicationsConsistent with principles central to evolutionary medicine, we propose that evolved mechanisms to increase vigilance during sleep may now be mismatched with relatively safer environments, and in part responsible for driving poor sleep health.
Skeletal Muscle Nuclei in Mice are not Post-mitotic
Authors: Borowik Agnieszka K , Davidyan Arik , Peelor Frederick F , Voloviceva Evelina , Doidge Stephen M , Bubak Matthew P , Mobley Christopher B , McCarthy John J , Dupont-Versteegden Esther E , Miller Benjamin F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The skeletal muscle research field generally accepts that nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers (ie, myonuclei) are post-mitotic and unable to proliferate. Because our deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling studies showed DNA synthesis in skeletal muscle tissue, we hypothesized that resident myonuclei can replicate in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse model that temporally labeled myonuclei with GFP followed by D2O labeling during normal cage activity, functional overload, and with satellite cell ablation. During normal cage activity, we observed deuterium enrichment into myonuclear DNA in 7 out of 7 plantaris (PLA), 6 out of 6 tibialis anterior (TA), 5 out of 7 gastrocnemius (GAST), and 7 out of 7 quadriceps (QUAD). The average fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of DNA in myonuclei were: 0.0202 ± 0.0093 in PLA, 0.0239 ± 0.0040 in TA, 0.0076 ± 0. 0058 in GAST, and 0.0138 ± 0.0039 in QUAD, while there was no replication in myonuclei from EDL. These FSR values were largely reproduced in the overload and satellite cell ablation conditions, although there were higher synthesis rates in the overloaded PLA muscle. We further provided evidence that myonuclear replication is through endoreplication, which results in polyploidy. These novel findings contradict the dogma that skeletal muscle nuclei are post-mitotic and open potential avenues to harness the intrinsic replicative ability of myonuclei for muscle maintenance and growth.
Does the division of the inferior pulmonary ligament in upper lobectomy result in improved short-term clinical outcomes and long-term survival?
Authors: Wang Yi-Feng , Deng Han-Yu , Huang Weijia , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: November 2022

Summary
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘Does the division of the inferior pulmonary ligament (IPL) in upper lobectomy result in improved short-term clinical outcomes and long-term survival?’. Altogether 43 papers were found using the reported search, of which 6 studies represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question, including a previous best evidence topic study, a meta-analysis and 4 retrospective cohort studies. The author, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type and relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Most of the enrolled studies reported that there is no significant difference between the division groups and the preservation groups in terms of drainage time, drainage volume, postoperative dead space and complications. While 3 cohort studies revealed unfavoured postoperative pulmonary function in the division groups, including lung volume, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s. The previous meta-analysis and a recent cohort study also found that the division of IPL might lead to increased bronchus angle change or torsion. Moreover, 2 cohort studies found that the division of IPL could not improve the long-term survival of patients undergoing upper lobectomy. Current evidence showed that dividing the IPL could not result in clinical benefits but might lead to decreased pulmonary function instead. Therefore, we recommended not dissecting the IPL routinely during upper lobectomy.
Impact of the physical therapy–managed spinal orthoses program on cost of care in the hospital setting: a retrospective interrupted time-series study
Authors: Willey Sue , Lenk James , Waters Linda , French Charles Joseph , Cayce Jonathan Mathew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
The physical therapy (PT) department at a level 1 trauma center identified vendor delivery delays of off-the-shelf (OTS) spinal orthoses that delayed patient mobilization.

Objective
This study aimed to identify improvements in mobilization times, discharge times and reduction in the cost of care after centralizing the management of orthoses within the therapy department.

Method
The centralized management of OTS spinal orthoses included stocking three adjustable lumbosacral and thoraco-lumbosacral orthosis sizes and ensuring that all personnel received training to appropriately fit the orthoses to patients. This study evaluates the impact of the centralized program by using a retrospective interrupted time-series design to compare outcomes before and after program implementation. Outcome measurements included orthosis delivery delay, time to orthosis delivery, time to mobilization by physical therapist, length of stay (LOS) and cost of care. Segmented linear regression, Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher's exact tests compared outcome measures before and after implementing the centralized program.

Results
The PT-managed program eliminated orthosis delivery delays noted during the vendor program (42 vs. 0; P &lt; 0.001), resulting in an overall 13.97-h reduction in time to mobilization (P &lt; 0.001). Program cost savings equated to $2,023.40 per patient (P &lt; 0.001). Sub-group analysis of patients without complications and treated conservatively showed a significant reduction in LOS (15.36 h; P = 0.009) in addition to time to mobilization reductions.

Conclusion
The PT-managed program significantly improved the quality of care for patients who required a spinal orthosis by mobilizing patients as soon as possible, allowing timely discharge. The program also resulted in overall patient and hospital cost savings.
Evaluation of the intention to use the electronic medical record (EMR) by health professionals in healthcare facilities of Libreville and Owendo in Gabon
Authors: Moukoumbi Lipenguet Gaëtan , Ngoungou Edgard-Brice , Roberts Tamara , Ibinga Euloge , Amani Gnamien Prudence , Engohang-Ndong Jean , Wittwer Jérôme 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Health systems in several countries have integrated information and communication technologies into their operations. Electronic medical records (EMRs) are at the core of patient care. The working of these EMRs requires their acceptance and use by medical and paramedical personnel. The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate the intention of health professionals to use these EMRs.

Materials and Methods
A questionnaire on the intention of health professionals to use the EMR was developed following a Likert scale. The survey was done via in-person interviews of health professionals in major health facilities in the cities of Libreville and Owendo in Gabon. The technology acceptance model (TAM) was tested using a step-down logistic regression analysis to identify the main factors explaining the intention of health professionals to use the EMR.

Results
A total of 218 health professionals responded to the questionnaire. Thirty-eight percent (38%) of respondents were male. The average age was 41.33 years (±8.98 years) and the average length of service at work in the system was 12.02 years (±8.47 years). The integrated model showed that the intention to use the EMR was significantly associated with the perceived usefulness, the subjective standard, and experience. No socio-demographic variables explained the intention to use the EMR.

Conclusion
The perceived ease, familiarity with the computer, and motivation are not associated with the intention to use the EMR. Actions should be taken to raise awareness and train health professionals to motivate them to accept and use EMRs in their medical practices.
Validation of MICA Legionella for Enumeration of Legionella pneumophila in Sanitary Waters and Cooling Tower Waters: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 032201
Authors: Passot Fanny , Peslier Sabine , Benzinger M Joseph , Blackburn Jonathan , Thompson Wesley , Bastin Benjamin , Dumont Audrey , Dukan Sam 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Frequent testing for Legionella concentration in water is required by most health risk monitoring organizations worldwide. Domestic hot water and cooling tower water networks must be regularly controlled to prevent Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially deadly lung infection. MICA Legionella is the fastest culture-based detection method for all serogroups of Legionella pneumophila, with automatic enumeration in 48 h and no need for confirmation.

Objective
This study compares the performance and robustness of MICA Legionella with the reference method ISO 11731:2017 for the enumeration of culturable L. pneumophila.

Methods
MICA Legionella and ISO 11731:2017 results were compared for domestic hot water and cooling tower water. Inclusivity and exclusivity were tested on reference and environmental strains. Ruggedness, lot-to-lot consistency, and stability of the reagents kit were also studied.

Results
Enumeration of L. pneumophila by MICA Legionella was statistically equivalent to ISO 11731:2017 in both matrixes. In cooling tower waters, MICA Legionella showed better sensitivity than ISO 11731:2017. It presented a 94% sensitivity and a 97% specificity.

Conclusion
MICA Legionella is a highly sensitive and specific method for culturable L. pneumophila enumeration. It presents, in 48 hours, equivalent or better results than ISO 11731:2017. Its protocol is robust to variations. Its reagents kit is stable for up to 18 months.

Highlights
MICA Legionella is a robust and reliable method for the enumeration of culturable L. pneumophila in domestic and cooling tower water. It reduces significantly the number of sample pretreatments required in ISO 11731:2017. Automatic identification and enumeration of L. pneumophila microcolonies eliminates the requirement to have skilled analysts and limits the results variability. It also greatly reduces the time to results to 48 h instead of 7–10 days with ISO 11731:2017 while providing statistically equivalent results.
Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Eltrombopag Olamine in the Presence of Impurities and Degradation Products. Robustness by Design of Expert Software
Authors: Dandabattina Rajeshwari , Subramanian Velusamy B , Merugu Karuna Sree , SharathBabu Haridasyam , Katari Naresh Kumar , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
A simple and reliable HPLC method for determining impurities in eltrombopag olamine (ELO) film-coated tablets is not available. At the same time, there is no official monograph reported. The proposed research is targeted at the development of a stability-indicating method for determining impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances.

Objective
To develop and validate a simple and effective HPLC method for determining impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances.

Methods
All the impurities were separated using a reverse phase (RP)-HPLC system equipped with a Zorbax SB-Phenyl 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm, column with UV detection at 230 nm and a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 45°C.

Results
The proposed method was validated as per current regulatory guidelines. The coefficient of correlation was found to be &gt;0.999 for all impurities. The LOD and LOQ for ELO and all specified impurities were determined. The precision and accuracy were obtained for ELO and its related impurities. Intra- and inter-day RSD values were between 1.22 and 2.04%, and impurity recovery varied between 93.80 and 103.69%. The stability of standard and sample solutions was established for 24 h.

Conclusions
As per recent guidelines, a stability-indicating method has been developed to determine the impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances. QbD-based robustness was performed and proved that the method was robust.

Highlights
The proposed article is the first RP-HPLC method for determining impurities in ELO film-coated tablets and drug substances. The quality by design (QbD) concept was utilized to verify the method performance.
Frequency, barriers, outcomes, and consequences of reporting sexual harassment in clinical oncology
Authors: Graff Stephanie L , Subbiah Ishwaria M , Markham Merry Jennifer , Matt-Amaral Laurie B , Close Julia L , Griffith Kent A , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sexual harassment is increasingly recognized as widely prevalent in medicine. Broad efforts at the organizational and society level are working to address this inequity, but many of these efforts rely on reporting to eradicate problematic behaviors and shift culture. We examined, among oncologists experiencing sexual harassment, the frequency of reporting, as well as barriers, outcomes, and consequences of reporting. Among 271 survey respondents, 217 reported sexual harassment from peers or superiors or from patients or families. Most harassed oncologists (n = 148, 68%) did not report the event to authority because of concerns about future negative consequences for themselves. Among the minority who reported harassment (n = 31, 14%), 52% felt their concerns were not taken seriously and 55% reported no action was taken as a result of their report. Furthermore, 52% experienced retaliatory behavior. Addressing these findings may help to inform the change necessary to create an antiharassment culture in oncology.
Well leg compartment syndrome due to the lithotomy position in orthopedic surgery: a report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Ntontis Zisis , Trygonis Nikolaos , Bitados Panagiotis , Tsatsoulas Chrysostomos , Pappa Eirini , Samartzidis Kosmas , Stavrakakis Ioannis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The well leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) is a complication that can occur because of the lithotomy surgical position. Although it is a very rare entity, it can lead to a permanent disability if not properly treated. Very few cases have been described in the literature as a result of orthopedic surgery. We present two cases of WLCS that developed because of the lithotomy position. The first case concerns a patient who sustained a left floating knee and developed a compartment syndrome of the right uninjured calf during surgery. A good outcome has been achieved after early fasciotomies. The second case is about a patient who developed a compartment syndrome of the right buttock after a left unicompartmental knee replacement. This patient was treated conservatively because of delayed diagnosis. A brief literature review regarding the WLCS in orthopedic surgery is also conducted.
Vitamin B12 levels in children and adolescents on plant-based diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jensen Christopher F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Context
The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years. The exclusion of animal products removes the most common sources of vitamin B12, which can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and result in irreversible damage, such as growth stunting.

Objective
This aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively evaluate all studies on this subject and to quantify the potential difference in vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years.

Data Sources
PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies investigating vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years on plant-based diets.

Data Extraction
Studies were assessed qualitatively with the AXIS tool and quantitatively with Stata 16.0 software.

Data Analysis
Overall, children and adolescents on plant-based diets had a significantly lower vitamin B12 level than omnivorous children and adolescents (−97 pmol/L; 95%CI, −187 to −7; I2 = 98.5%), a difference that remained statistically significant after adjusting for methodological confounders. After subgroup analyses, this effect was not statistically significant for children and adolescents on vegetarian diets but remained significant in children and adolescents on vegan or macrobiotic diets. Moreover, total vitamin B12 intake nullified the mean difference in vitamin B12 levels.

Conclusion
Despite high heterogeneity across studies, these results indicate that children and adolescents on plant-based diets, especially those on vegan and macrobiotic diets, may be at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency.
DNA fluctuations reveal the size and dynamics of topological domains
Authors: Vanderlinden Willem , Skoruppa Enrico , Kolbeck Pauline J , Carlon Enrico , Lipfert Jan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
DNA supercoiling is a key regulatory mechanism that orchestrates DNA readout, recombination, and genome maintenance. DNA-binding proteins often mediate these processes by bringing two distant DNA sites together, thereby inducing (transient) topological domains. In order to understand the dynamics and molecular architecture of protein-induced topological domains in DNA, quantitative and time-resolved approaches are required. Here, we present a methodology to determine the size and dynamics of topological domains in supercoiled DNA in real time and at the single-molecule level. Our approach is based on quantifying the extension fluctuations—in addition to the mean extension—of supercoiled DNA in magnetic tweezers (MT). Using a combination of high-speed MT experiments, Monte Carlo simulations, and analytical theory, we map out the dependence of DNA extension fluctuations as a function of supercoiling density and external force. We find that in the plectonemic regime, the extension variance increases linearly with increasing supercoiling density and show how this enables us to determine the formation and size of topological domains. In addition, we demonstrate how the transient (partial) dissociation of DNA-bridging proteins results in the dynamic sampling of different topological states, which allows us to deduce the torsional stiffness of the plectonemic state and the kinetics of protein-plectoneme interactions. We expect our results to further the understanding and optimization of magnetic tweezer measurements and to enable quantification of the dynamics and reaction pathways of DNA processing enzymes in the context of physiologically relevant forces and supercoiling densities.
A new system to measure the gradient vector of the magnetic field on unmanned aerial vehicles – data processing and field experiment
Authors: Kulüke Christian , Virgil Christopher , Stoll Johannes , Hördt Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a novel airborne magnetometer system deployed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is capable of measuring the horizontal gradient of the three components of the magnetic field. The system consists of two three-component fluxgate magnetometers (FGM) that are mounted on a transverse horizontal boom. The sensor attitude is determined with a low-cost inertial measurement unit. The estimation of the magnetic field components as well as its gradient is extremely sensitive to sensor movement and sensor rotation and requires sophisticated data processing and corrections. Here, we present four specific calibration and correction procedures we consider essential to achieve sufficient accuracy. First, we present a new in-flight calibration method for an FGM gradiometer. Second, we introduce a procedure that corrects for rotation-induced noise in the FGMs that has not been described previously in the literature. In a third step, we correct for mechanical vibrations, which induce high-frequency noise in the data. Finally, the gradient of each component is mathematically rotated into the geographical coordinate system. The performance of the system is evaluated on a test site where several metal objects of known magnetization were placed on the ground surface. For the first time, we show the gradients of magnetic field components measured on a UAV. The gradients agree with the results of a forward simulation within a few nT m−1. The accuracy will be sufficient for many practical applications, such as geological mapping, ore exploration, and the search for metallic bodies.
Delaying drought-driven leaf cell damage may be the key trait of invasive trees ensuring their success in the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Azzarà Maria , Abate Elisa , Chiofalo Maria T , Crisafulli Alessandro , Trifilò Patrizia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInvasive alien species (IAS) threaten the biodiversity richness of the Mediterranean basin, a drought-prone region. However, our knowledge on the adaptive strategies of IAS for facing Mediterranean drought summers is still incomplete. The aim of the present study is to compare the water relations and the critical relative water content (RWC) values leading to loss of cell rehydration capacity of two Mediterranean basin IAS (i.e., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle and Robinia pseudoacacia L.) versus two co-occurring native species (i.e., Fraxinus ornus L. and Quercus pubescens Willd.). Study IAS showed higher values of water potential at turgor loss point and osmotic potential at full turgor, lower values of modulus of elasticity and leaf mass area but higher photosynthesis rate, even during the summer, with respect to the Mediterranean native species. These findings supported the hypothesis that IAS are characterized by a resource acquisitive strategy coupled with a safety-efficiency trade-off, compared with Mediterranean native species. However, similar leaf RWC thresholds leading to loss of cell rehydration capacity were recorded in the two groups of species. Moreover, IAS showed higher saturated water content and capacitance values compared with the co-occurring species. Overall, our results suggest that the success of Mediterranean IAS is driven by their ability to delay dehydration damage of mesophyll cells during Mediterranean summer drought, thereby supporting their distinctive high carbon assimilation rate.