bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and experimental study of a shell and tube heat exchanger for different baffles
Authors: Kaleru Aparna , Venkatesh Sriram , Kumar Narasimha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the shell and tube heat exchanger (STHX) is designed based on The Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association standards with hot fluid (water) flowing on the shell side and cold fluid on the tube side. A comparison is made between the Nusselt number and friction factor obtained from numerical and experimental results of segmental baffles (SBs) and helical baffles (HB) with different baffle inclinations. The results show that SB provided a higher Colburn factor (js) when compared with HBs STHXs (20°, 30°, 40°, and 50°), but shell side pressure drop is lower for 40° HBs STHXs for the same shell side fluid flow rates.
Neuroscience of consciousness in the locked‐in syndrome: Prognostic and diagnostic review
Authors: Maciejewicz Berenika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe neurological illness known as a locked‐in syndrome is brought on by damage to the brainstem, usually as a consequence of a stroke. It is characterized by total paralysis with intact consciousness and cognitive capacity. The subjective experiences of people with locked‐in syndrome are poorly understood. Presently, there is no systematic evaluation developed to describe them. The most compelling resources come from individuals’ own words; however, only a small fraction of these accounts have been explored. When it comes to bioethics, locked‐in syndrome protocols are almost completely absent. Investigations on how people with this condition feel about their sense of continuity are of importance. Utilizing the locked‐in syndrome to pose questions on embodied cognition and levels of consciousness could serve as a lens through which to examine problems in the phenomenology of neuroparalysis and communication. Care and quality of patients’ lives might be improved by an effort to understand this condition better, and ontological questions like “what makes a person a person?,” “what makes a person appear in continuity?,” and “what are the dynamics of embodiment and intersubjectivity?” might be better explored through that lens. This article aims to explore some biomedical factors that contribute to locked‐in syndrome and offers some prognostic and diagnostic recommendations for this rare condition.
SPARC in cancer‐associated fibroblasts is an independent poor prognostic factor in non‐metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer and exhibits pro‐tumor activity
Authors: Alcaraz Lindsay B. , Mallavialle Aude , Mollevi Caroline , Boissière‐Michot Florence , Mansouri Hanane , Simony‐Lafontaine Joelle , Laurent‐Matha Valérie , Chardès Thierry , Jacot William , Turtoi Andrei , Roger Pascal , Guiu Séverine , Liaudet‐Coopman Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and lacks specific targeted therapeutic agents. The current mechanistic evidence from cell‐based studies suggests that the matricellular protein SPARC has a tumor‐promoting role in TNBC; however, data on the clinical relevance of SPARC expression/secretion by tumor and stromal cells in TNBC are limited. Here, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry the prognostic value of tumor and stromal cell SPARC expression in 148 patients with non‐metastatic TNBC and long follow‐up (median: 5.4 years). We also quantified PD‐L1 and PD‐1 expression. We detected SPARC expression in tumor cells (42.4%), cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs; 88.1%), tumor‐associated macrophages (77.1%), endothelial cells (75.2%) and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (9.8%). Recurrence‐free survival was significantly lower in patients with SPARC‐expressing CAFs. Multivariate analysis showed that SPARC expression in CAFs was an independent prognostic factor. We also detected tumor and stromal cell SPARC expression in TNBC cytosols, and in patient‐derived xenografts and cell lines. Furthermore, we analyzed publicly available single‐cell mRNA sequencing data and found that in TNBC, SPARC is expressed by different CAF subpopulations, including myofibroblasts and inflammatory fibroblasts that are involved in tumor‐related processes. We then showed that fibroblast‐secreted SPARC had a tumor‐promoting role by inhibiting TNBC cell adhesion and stimulating their motility and invasiveness. Overall, our study demonstrates that SPARC expression in CAFs is an independent prognostic marker of poor outcome in TNBC. Patients with SPARC‐expressing CAFs could be eligible for anti‐SPARC targeted therapy.
Inhibition of mitochondrial translocase SLC25A5 and histone deacetylation is an effective combination therapy in neuroblastoma
Authors: Seneviratne Janith A. , Carter Daniel R. , Mittra Rituparna , Gifford Andrew , Kim Patrick Y. , Luo Jie‐Si , Mayoh Chelsea , Salib Alice , Rahmanto Aldwin S. , Murray Jayne , Cheng Ngan C. , Nagy Zsuzsanna , Wang Qian , Kleynhans Ane , Tan Owen , Sutton Selina K. , Xue Chengyuan , Chung Sylvia A. , Zhang Yizhuo , Sun Chengtao , Zhang Li , Haber Michelle , Norris Murray D. , Fletcher Jamie I. , Liu Tao , Dilda Pierre J. , Hogg Philip J. , Cheung Belamy B. , Marshall Glenn M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe mitochondrion is a gatekeeper of apoptotic processes, and mediates drug resistance to several chemotherapy agents used to treat cancer. Neuroblastoma is a common solid cancer in young children with poor clinical outcomes following conventional chemotherapy. We sought druggable mitochondrial protein targets in neuroblastoma cells. Among mitochondria‐associated gene targets, we found that high expression of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (SLC25A5/ANT2), was a strong predictor of poor neuroblastoma patient prognosis and contributed to a more malignant phenotype in pre‐clinical models. Inhibiting this transporter with PENAO reduced cell viability in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines in a TP53‐status‐dependant manner. We identified the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), as the most effective drug in clinical use against mutant TP53 neuroblastoma cells. SAHA and PENAO synergistically reduced cell viability, and induced apoptosis, in neuroblastoma cells independent of TP53‐status. The SAHA and PENAO drug combination significantly delayed tumour progression in pre‐clinical neuroblastoma mouse models, suggesting that these clinically advanced inhibitors may be effective in treating the disease.
Novel polyhedral@SiO2 core–shell catalysts designed for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Zhang Yulan , Lin Xizhu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) has attracted much attention for converting syngas to liquid fuels. Enhanced catalytic stability and excellent product selectivity can be achieved by rational design of catalysts. However, the traditional SiO2‐supported Fe‐based catalysts display higher interaction between active metal and SiO2 support, thus resulting in a lower catalytic activity. Rational design of catalysts with weaker Fe–Si interaction promises excellent catalytic performances.ResultsNovel polyhedral@SiO2 core–shell catalysts with adjustable shell thickness were prepared. The incorporation of SiO2 shell with suitable thickness can maintain the integrity of the active structure, and thus promising excellent C5+ productivity combined with higher catalytic activity. On the other hand, the SiO2 layer can prolong the residence time of CnHm intermediates on the active surface of Fe particles that enhance the C–C coupling reaction, favoring chain growth for production of C5+ yield. However, excessive addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate cannot increase the shell thickness in the absence of ammonium hydroxide and can be responsible for a poor CO conversion. Si‐66 with shell thickness of 66 nm achieves an optimum C5+ yield of 2.23 × 10−3 gHC gFe−1 s−1 and a higher iron time yield value of 31.5 μmolCO gFe−1 s−1. Obviously, this C5+ yield is comparable to that for the Mn‐promoted FeSiMn catalyst (2.22 × 10−3 gHC gFe−1 s−1) reported in our previous work.ConclusionsThe introduction of SiO2 as shell can improve structural stability during FTS. Moreover, the novel polyhedral@SiO2 core–shell catalyst exhibits excellent C5+ yield, and which is 1.8 times higher than that for a spindle@SiO2 core–shell catalyst reported in our previous work. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Cochlear promontory anatomy relevant to development of subendosteal and transpromontory electrodes using 192‐section ultra‐high resolution temporal bone CT imaging
Authors: Marinelli John P. , Patel Neil S. , Lohse Christine M. , Lane John I. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize normative adult ranges for cochlear promontory thickness relevant to the development of subendosteal and transpromontory electrodes to rehabilitate various neurotologic disorders.PatientsAdults (≥18 years).InterventionIn vivo radiologic assessment using a 192‐slice CT scanner (Force‐192; Siemens Healthcare) with ultrahigh‐resolution scan mode combined and iterative reconstruction.Main Outcome MeasureCochlear promontory thickness.ResultsAmong 48 included patients (96 ears), the mean (SD) age was 56 (18) years (range 25–94) and included 25 (52%) women. Of that 12 patients (25%) had osteopenia (n = 6) or osteoporosis (n = 6). The mean (SD) body mass index was 28 (5) kg/m2. The mean (SD) promontory thickness for the 96 temporal bones under study was 1.22 (0.24) mm (range 0.55–1.85). There was not a statistically significant association between age and promontory thickness (correlation coefficient .08; p = .44). Promontory thickness was significantly greater for men than women (mean 1.28 vs. 1.17 mm; p = .03) and increased with increasing body mass index (correlation coefficient .30; p = .004). Last, promontory thickness was significantly less for patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis compared with those without these conditions (mean 1.09 vs. 1.27 mm; p = .002).ConclusionsCochlear promontory thickness can vary by almost 1.5 mm across patients and is significantly associated with patient sex, body mass index, and comorbid osteopenia/osteoporosis. Subendosteal and transpromontory electrode placement techniques must account for this degree of variability.Level of EvidenceIV
2022 Peggi Guenter Excellence in Clinical Practice Lectureship: Expanding the clinical practice of nutrition—Challenging the known, exposing inconvenient truths, and engaging the young
Authors: McClave Stephen A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo expand the clinical practice of nutrition, the influence of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) must reach an audience outside the nutrition community, must be relevant and meaningful to clinicians, and must meet the needs of specific patient populations throughout medical and surgical specialties. Individual members of our society need to share their enthusiasm and expertise with youth through conscious, intentional mentorship. Efforts should be made to promote advanced practice, increasing the skill set of the individual nutritionist. Nutrition research should be of the highest quality, matching that of any current medical or surgical discipline. Members of a nutrition consult service should speak the same language as the physicians they work with, through discussions on rounds and in communication through their charting and consult notes. Our societal guidelines should define clinical practice. Relationships with other societies should be cultivated through these guidelines, position papers, and public health initiatives to increase the relevance and impact of our society. To position itself for future generations, the role of ASPEN should be expanded to be more comprehensive and involve all nutrition aspects of patient care.
Enhancing endothelial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by culture on a nanofibrous polycaprolactone/(poly‐glycerol sebacate)/gelatin scaffold
Authors: Majidansari Shima , Vahedi Negin , Rekabgardan Mahmood , Ganjoury Camellia , Najmoddin Najmeh , Tabatabaei Mohammad , Sigaroodi Faraz , Naraghi‐Bagherpour Paniz , Taheri Seyed Amir Ali , Khani Mohammad‐Mehdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases have always been one of the main causes of death worldwide and eventually one of the major medical concerns. Tissue engineering is promising strategies of treating cardiovascular, which can be an effective approach with the design of appropriate scaffold. In this study, to develop engineering basement membrane for endothelial differentiation with good cell attachment, we produced polycaprolactone (PCL)/poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS)/gelatin nanofibrous scaffold via electrospinning. Attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared and the proton nuclear magnetic resonance results confirmed the chemical structure of synthesized PGS. Scanning electron microscope images of the electrospun scaffold revealed that the nanofibers are smooth, continues and uniform. Moreover, due to the presence of hydrophilic functional groups in the scaffold, the contact angle is in the appropriate range for cell adhesion especially endothelial cells. The elastic modulus and ultimate tensile stress of electrospun scaffold were calculated 1.32 ± 0.27 MPa and 1.23 ± 0.18 MPa respectively. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for evaluation of endothelial differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on standard plate and fibrous scaffold under chemical stimulation with growth factor. Specific endothelial gene expression results postulated that our modified scaffold could support and significantly promote endothelial differentiation of MSCs.
Robust model reference tracking for uncertain second‐order nonlinear systems with application to robot manipulator
Authors: Tian Guangtai , Duan Guangren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, robust model reference control for uncertain second‐order nonlinear systems is investigated by applying fully actuated system approaches. A robust stabilizing control law is constructed for the uncertain systems based on the Lyapunov stability theory. With the obtained robust control results, a robust model reference tracking (RMRT) control scheme is proposed to ensure the tracking error finally converges globally into a bounded ellipsoid. The established RMRT controller is composed of three parts, the basic part cancels the known nonlinearities in the system and simultaneously assigns the linear dominant term in the closed‐loop system, the robustness part overcomes the effects of the nonlinear uncertainties in the system, the compensator part compensates the effect of the reference model state and reference control input to the tracking error. Furthermore, based on a general parametric solution to the type of Sylvester matrix equations, simple and complete parameterization of the RMRT control designs is provided. An application to robot manipulator indicates satisfactory control system performances with the proposed RMRT control scheme.
Glycolipid‐Type Amphiphiles with a Small Anilinochloromaleimide‐Based Luminogen Exhibiting Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoki , Ito Akitaka , Niko Yosuke , Bando Yui , Takahashi Kiyonori , Ikeda Masato , Yoneyama Kaori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Izumi Masayuki , Ochi Rika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe developed glycolipid‐type amphiphiles with a small anilinochloromaleimide‐based luminogen, H‐AAC‐C6‐Ph‐MS (monosaccharide, MS=α or β‐D‐glucose (Glc), α or β‐D‐galactose (Gal), or α‐D‐mannose (Man)) exhibiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) features. Interestingly, the AIE properties of the amphiphiles depend on the epimerism of MS moiety. For instance, H‐AAC‐C6‐Ph‐αMan did not show fluorescence in the aggregate state, whereas the other amphiphiles exhibited fluorescence in the aggregate state. The findings strongly suggest that the design of molecular packing is important to control the AIE features.
Design and Synthesis of Urazole Derivatives via Ring Closing Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Singh Deepshikha , Bandi Vijayalakshmi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn efficient and short synthetic sequence to highly functionalized urazole derivatives is reported. N‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (TAD) is a versatile synthetic reagent. Here, simple reactions such as allylation, ring‐closing metathesis and hydrogenation were used successfully to construct the oxygenated urazole derivatives which may have implications in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis.
A Novel “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Sensor for Screening Triplex DNA Binder Based upon Molecular Beacon
Authors: Fu Yuanxiang , Si Hengdan , Chen Juan , Zhang Wenjuan , Feng Shuang , Xiao Zhiyou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTriplex DNA plays an essential role in molecular recognition, gene regulation, diagnosis, and treatment of genetic diseases. However, triplex DNA has some shortcomings, such as poor internal Hoogsteen hydrogen bond stability and the difficult formation of parallel triplex DNA under physiological conditions, limiting its applications to a certain extent. Therefore, it is crucial to screen intercalators to enhance triplex DNA stability. Herein, we established a novel “turn‐on” fluorescence sensor for screening triplex DNA binders based upon molecular beacon. Eight different organic small molecules were screened. The fluorescence of the sensor was significantly enhanced in the presence of berberine, coralyne, palmatine, and neomycin. These four small molecules affect stabilizing triplex DNA as an intercalator; the other four small molecules, kanamycin, tetracycline, ethidium bromide, and 4 ′, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole did not show any noticeable intercalation effect. The results of circular dichroism and melting curve were consistent with those of the fluorescence spectrum.
Exploring Solid‐State Supramolecular Architectures of Penta(carboxymethyl)diethylenetriamine: Experimental Observation and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Islam Samiul , Das Prantika , Tripathi Suparna , Mukhopadhyay Subrata , Kumar Seth Saikat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCrystals of penta(carboxymethyl)diethylenetriamine have been structurally characterized through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that various non‐covalent interactions combine to determine the crystal packing and final solid‐state supramolecular assembling behavior. The title compound exhibited various 2D supramolecular networks generated through O−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions. The C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions are pivotal in building a two‐dimensional framework, whose formation is readily analyzed with zero‐dimensional centrosymmetric dimeric rings as building blocks within the structure. All the intermolecular interactions are quantified through Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots. Energy frameworks are constructed to analyze the dominant interaction energy involved in molecular packing strength. Bader's quantum theory of “atoms‐in‐molecules” (QTAIM) has been used to analyze and characterize non‐covalent interactions. The QTAIM analysis validates the existence of hydrogen bonding contacts, and the topological properties of bond critical points (BCPs), such as the electron density ρ(r) and its Laplacian ∇2ρ(r), are presented to correlate with the interaction energy. The topological analysis revealed that all of the interactions are closed‐shell interactions. Finally, the “Non‐covalent Interaction” (NCI) plot index illustrates the solid‐state supramolecular networks.
Multilayered Alternating‐Cations‐Intercalation Chiral Hybrid Perovskites with High Circular Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Zhang Kun , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Xinyuan , Ye Huang , Zou Yuanchen , Luo Junhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultilayered chiral hybrid perovskites are highly desired for highly‐sensitive circularly polarized light (CPL) detection rooted in their efficient charge transport and strong chiroptical activity. However, designing multilayered chiral hybrid perovskites remains a huge challenge. Here, through pairing achiral ethylamine (EA)−chiral arylamine in the interlayer space, multilayered chiral alternating cations intercalation‐type (ACI) hybrid perovskites (R‐/S‐PPA) EA2Pb2Br7 (PPA = 1‐phenylpropylamine) are successfully obtained. Significantly, perovskitizer EA extends the thickness of the quantum well and alternating space cation EA greatly alleviates in‐plane tilting distortions of adjacent metal halide octahedra, providing fast channels for in‐plane carrier transport. Consequently, single‐crystal photodetectors of (R‐/S‐PPA) EA2Pb2Br7 exhibit high circular polarization sensitivity with a large anisotropy factor of 0.3, which falls around the highest value among the layered hybrid perovskites. In addition, a fast responding rate (τr )of 308 µs and a high CPL‐detectivity of 8 × 1012 Jones are also presented. This work opens up a new perspective to design multilayered chiral hybrid perovskites for high‐sensitive CPL detection.
Coupling W18O49/Ti3C2Tx MXene Pseudocapacitive Electrodes with Redox Electrolytes to Construct High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zeng Ting , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wan Qijin , Yang Nianjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA pseudocapacitive electrode with a large surface area is critical for the construction of a high‐performance supercapacitor. A 3D and interconnected network composed of W18O49 nanoflowers and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets is thus synthesized using an electrostatic attraction strategy. This composite effectively prevents the restacking of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets and meanwhile sufficiently exposes electrochemically active sites of W18O49 nanoflowers. Namely, this self‐assembled composite owns abundant oxygen vacancies from W18O49 nanoflowers and enough active sites from Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. As a pseudocapacitive electrode, it shows a big specific capacitance, superior rate capability and good cycle stability. A quasi‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is then fabricated using this pseudocapacitive anode and the cathode of activated carbon coupled with a redox electrolyte of FeBr3. This ASC displays a cell voltage of 1.8 V, a capacitance of 101 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, a maximum energy density of 45.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 900 W kg−1, and a maximum power density of 18 000 W kg−1 at an energy density of 10.8 Wh kg−1. The proposed strategies are promising to synthesize different pseudocapacitive electrodes as well as to fabricate high‐performance supercapacitor devices.