bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity of two photon decay and its quantum coherence
Authors: Mackewicz Kris , Hogan Craig 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A linear analytical solution is derived for the gravitational shock wave produced by a particle of mass M that decays into a pair of null particles. The resulting space-time is shown to be unperturbed and isotropic, except for a discontinuous perturbation on a spherical null shell. Formulae are derived for the perturbation as a function of polar angle, as measured by an observer at the origin observing clocks on a sphere at distance R. The effect of the shock is interpreted physically as an instantaneous displacement in time and velocity when the shock passes the clocks. The time displacement is shown to be anisotropic, dominated by a quadrupole harmonic aligned with the particle-decay axis, with a magnitude δτ ∼ GM/c
3, independent of R. The velocity displacement is isotropic. The solution is used to derive the gravitational effect of a quantum state with a superposition of a large number of randomly oriented, statistically isotropic particle decays. This approach is shown to provide a well-controlled approximation to estimate the magnitude of gravitational fluctuations in systems composed of null point particles up to the Planck energy in a causal diamond of duration τ = 2R/c, as well as quantum-gravitational fluctuations of black holes and cosmological horizons. Coherent large-angle quantum distortions of macroscopic geometry from fluctuations up to the Planck scale are shown to grow linearly with the duration, with a variance ⟨δτ
2⟩ ∼ τt
P much larger than that produced in models without causal quantum coherence.
Delayed rebounds in the two-ball bounce problem
Authors: Bartz Sean P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the classroom demonstration of a tennis ball dropped on top of a basketball, the surprisingly high bounce of the tennis ball is typically explained using momentum conservation for elastic collisions, with the basketball-floor collision treated as independent from the collision between the two balls. This textbook explanation is extended to inelastic collisions by including a coefficient of restitution. This independent contact model (ICM), as reviewed in this paper, is accurate for a wide variety of cases, even when the collisions are not truly independent. However, it is easy to explore situations that are not explained by the ICM, such as swapping the tennis ball for a ping-pong ball. In this paper, we study the conditions that lead to a ‘delayed rebound effect,’ a small first bounce followed by a higher second bounce, using techniques accessible to an undergraduate student. The dynamical model is based on the familiar solution of the damped harmonic oscillator. We focus on making the equations of motion dimensionless for numerical simulation, and reducing the number of parameters and initial conditions to emphasize universal behavior. The delayed rebound effect is found for a range of parameters, most commonly in cases where the first bounce is lower than the ICM prediction.
Inverse obstacle scattering for elastic waves in the time domain
Authors: Zhao Lu , Dong Heping , Ma Fuming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns an inverse elastic scattering problem which is to determine a rigid obstacle from time domain scattered field data for a single incident plane wave. By using the Helmholtz decomposition, we reduce the initial-boundary value problem for the time domain Navier equation to a coupled initial-boundary value problem for wave equations, and prove the uniqueness of the solution for the coupled problem by employing the energy method. The retarded single layer potential is introduced to establish a set of coupled boundary integral equations, and uniqueness is discussed for the solution of these boundary integral equations. Based on the convolution quadrature method for time discretization, the coupled boundary integral equations are reformulated into a system of boundary integral equations in the s-domain, and then a convolution quadrature based nonlinear integral equation method is proposed for the inverse problem. Numerical experiments are presented to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Finite temperature mean-field theory with intrinsic non-Hermitian structures for Bose gases in optical lattices
Authors: He Liang , Yi Su 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We reveal a divergent issue associated with the mean-field theory for Bose gases in optical lattices constructed by the widely used straightforward mean-field decoupling of the hopping term, where the corresponding mean-field Hamiltonian generally assumes no lower energy bound once the spatial dependence of the mean-field superfluid (SF) order parameter is taken into account. Via a systematic functional integral approach, we solve this issue by establishing a general finite temperature mean-field theory that can treat any possible spatial dependence of the order parameter without causing the divergent issue. Interestingly, we find the theory generally assumes an intrinsic non-Hermitian structure that originates from the indefiniteness of the hopping matrix of the system. Within this theory, we develop an efficient approach for investigating the physics of the system at finite temperature, where properties of the system can be calculated via straightforward investigation on the saddle points of an effective potential function for the order parameter. We illustrate our approach by investigating the finite temperature SF transition of Bose gases in optical lattices. Since the underlying finite temperature mean-field theory is quite general, this approach can be straightforwardly applied to investigate the finite temperature properties of related systems with phases possessing complex spatial structures.
Tellurite glass based optical fiber for the investigation of supercontinuum generation and nonlinear properties
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Abdulrazak Lway Faisal , Tahhan Shaymaa R , Mohammadd Noor , Ahmed Kawsar , Bui Francis M , Ibrahim Sobhy M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This manuscript introduces a unique tellurite core-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with silica clad and circular air holes, which manifests highly birefringent and non-linear characteristics. Several optical features, such as birefringence (Br), nonlinear coefficients (NLC), dispersion (D), confinement loss (CL), material loss, etc are thoroughly analyzed and explored by applying the finite element method (FEM). The simulated outcomes validate that by optimizing the formation of the cladding region, a large NLC of

7650

W

−
1

Km

−
1

,

as well as an ultra-high Br of

11.2810

−
2

and zero-dispersion can be accomplished in the offered PCF design at 1.56 μm wavelength. Moreover, the evaluated findings indicate that the stated fiber structure is capable of generating a wide supercontinuum spectrum spanning from

943

to

8038

nm

when augmented with a

4.5

kW

input power and a pulse duration of

20

f
s
.

Calculations and analyses have been carried out on the effects of higher-order dispersion co-efficients, pulse length and input power on spectrum broadening. The advanced PCF design will be a suitable candidate for practical applications in numerous fields, including bio photonics, biomedical imaging, biosensing, spectroscopy and ultra-broadband signal amplification, etc.
Spatial curvature and large scale Lorentz violation *
Authors: Li Jing , Zhou Yongxiang , Xue Xun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The tension between the Hubble constant values obtained from local measurements and cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements has motivated us to consider the cosmological model beyond ΛCDM. We investigate the cosmology in the large scale Lorentz violation model with a non-vanishing spatial curvature. The degeneracy among spatial curvature, cosmological constant, and cosmological contortion distribution makes the model viable in describing the known observational data. We obtain some constraints on the spatial curvature by comparing the relationship between measured distance modulus and red-shift with the predicted one, the evolution of matter density over time, and the evolution of effective cosmological constant. The implications of the large scale Lorentz violation model with the non-vanishing spatial curvature under these constrains are discussed.
Effect of passive metallic layers on muon energy estimation by means of deflection angle for muon scattering tomography: a comparative study based on GEANT4 simulations
Authors: Topuz A.I. , Kiisk M. , Giammaco A. , Mägi M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the tomographic configurations based on the muon scattering, the angular variation with respect to the kinetic energy indirectly brings forth the ability to coarsely predict the kinetic energy by using the deflection angle owing to the detector layers. Nevertheless, the angular deviation due to the detector components is expected to be minuscule in addition to a relatively high uncertainty in the case of the plastic scintillators. In the present study, we contrast our current tomographic prototype, which consists of the detector layers manufactured from polyvinyl toluene besides a detector accuracy of 1 mrad, with an alternative hodoscope scheme containing stainless steel layers by aiming to investigate the three-group energy structure. Initially, we determine the average deflection angles together with the corresponding standard deviations for our present setup as well as for the alternative scheme by means of the GEANT4 simulations. In the second place, we express a brace of misclassification probabilities founded on the standard deviations where the first procedure assumes a linear finite approximation, whereas the latter approach rests on a positively defined modified Gaussian distribution. Upon our simulation results, we demonstrate that the introduced stainless steel layers in the proposed hodoscope setup do not only serve to augment the average deflection angles, but they also diminish the misclassification probabilities, therewith reducing the classification uncertainty apart from an improved detection performance.
Ultrashort Pulse Reflectometry (USPR) diagnostic for EAST
Authors: Domier C.W. , Zhu Y. , Pereira R.J. , Steer-Furderer J. , Li X. , Chen R. , Xu G. , Sun P. , Luhmann N.C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ultrashort Pulse Reflectometry (USPR) is a plasma diagnostic technique involving the propagation of ultrashort duration (∼few nsec) chirps which contain frequency components spanning large portions of the plasma density profile. Upon reflection, each frequency component reflects from a distinct density layer. The reflected wave packet is down-converted and passed through a multi-channel filter bank, with time-of-flight (TOF) measurements made on each of the filtered wave packets which are then used to reconstruct the electron density profile. Applied previously to the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment, UC Davis is updating this technique with higher power (>10X) sources, enhanced channel counts, and high speed customized TOF electronics. A 32 channel USPR system is being developed for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) device with frequencies spanning 52 to 92 GHz, reflecting from the right-hand plasma cut-off layer. The system will employ three monostatic transmit/receive horns each covering a different waveguide band. Each of the two higher frequency bands will have 8 distinct frequency channels, with the lowest frequency band, spanning 52 to 65 GHz, to have 16 receiver channels to better resolve the EAST scrape-off layer. With a pulse repetition rate of 1 MHz and simultaneous acquisition of all 32 TOF signals, electron density profiles may be obtained with time resolutions of as short as 3–6 µsec.
Multi-channel front-end ASIC for a 3D position-sensitive detector
Authors: Pinaroli G. , Herrmann S. , Miryala S. , Manthena V. , Deptuch G.W. , Carini G.A. , Bolotnikov A.E. , Dellapenna A. , Raguzin E. , Fried J. , Deane C.R. , Brown C.A. , Christian J. , Cirignano L. , Kargar A. , Kim H. , Shah K.S. , Squillante M. , Squillante M.S. , Weststrate E. , Valente A.J. , Koslowsky M.R. , Miller A.L. , Smith M.B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Arrays of 3D position-sensitive detectors (3DPSD), operating at room temperature and using cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) and thallium bromide (TIBr) sensors, are suitable for gamma-ray spectrometry in many applications. One detector configuration, the 3D position-sensitive Virtual Frisch-Grid detector (VFG), is particularly advantageous for integrating into large area arrays. The signals generated inside each detector of the array are captured with the anode, cathode and four pads that enable the reconstruction of the position and energy of the ionizing interaction by measurements of amplitude and timing of the signals. For these applications, a low-noise front-end ASIC has been developed, capable of processing bipolar signals (needed because of AC-coupling of certain electrodes). The ASIC can be coupled to an ADC in order to form a compound “waveform digitizer” capable of post-processing the analog signals and determining amplitude and timing information. This paper describes a 32-channel front-end ASIC that is suitable for reading out a 3 × 3 or 4 × 4 element matrix in the VFG configuration. Each channel is composed of a low-noise charge amplifier with an adaptive continuous reset feedback circuit suitable for both positive and negative charge, a first order shaper and a single-to-differential converter output stage. Voltage and current references are all internally generated by 10-bit DACs and the chip is fully controllable with the I2C communication protocol. The readout channel response has been verified using the implemented injection circuit. Linear behavior up to ∼75 ke± with the gain of ∼80 mV/fC, and up to ∼200 ke± with the gain of ∼30 mV/fC was demonstrated. In conclusion, the first test result waveforms using a 137Cs radioactive source on a 5 × 5 × 12 mm3 TIBr crystal are reported.
A Neural-Network-defined Gaussian Mixture Model for particle identification applied to the LHCb fixed-target programme
Authors: Graziani G. , Anderlini L. , Mariani S. , Franzoso E. , Pappalardo L.L. , di Nezza P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Particle identification in large high-energy physics experiments typically relies on
classifiers obtained by combining many experimental observables. Predicting the probability density function (pdf) of such classifiers in the multivariate space covering the relevant experimental features is usually challenging.
The detailed simulation of the detector response from first principles
cannot provide the reliability needed for the most precise physics measurements.
Data-driven modelling is usually preferred, though sometimes limited by the available data size and different coverage of the feature space by the control channels.
In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to the modelling of particle
identification classifiers using machine-learning techniques. The marginal pdf of the classifiers is described with a Gaussian Mixture Model, whose parameters are predicted by Multi Layer Perceptrons trained on calibration data. As a proof of principle, the method is applied to the data acquired by the LHCb experiment in its fixed-target configuration. The model is trained on a data sample of proton-neon collisions and applied to smaller data samples of proton-helium and proton-argon collisions collected at different centre-of-mass energies. The method is shown to perform better than a detailed simulation-based approach, to be fast and suitable to be applied to a large variety of use cases.
Understanding the effect of aging treatment on the electrical properties of Al-4Cu (wt.%) alloy
Authors: Zhu Langjie , Wang Yu , Mao Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Binary Al–Cu alloy has always been used to illustrate the phenomenon of precipitation hardening. Meanwhile, Al–Cu alloy has good heat resistance and is a potential heat-resistant conductor material, but there is not much research work on its electrical properties. In this work, the residual resistivity variation of Al-4Cu alloy at different aging stages was investigated. At the aging temperature of 160 °C, the residual resistivity of the Al-4Cu alloy decreases with the longer aging time, and it decreases rapidly in the early stage and slowly in the later stage, mainly due to the precipitation of solid solution Cu atoms and the interface electron scattering effect of different precipitates. In the early stage, massive precipitation of Cu atoms from the matrix can effectively reduce the crystal lattice distortion of Al matrix and significantly decrease the residual resistivity. Specifically, the residual resistivity of Al-4Cu alloy that aged at 160 °C for 13 h is 3.353 μΩ·cm, which is only 82.6% of that in the supersaturated solid solution state. In later stage of aging, the main change is the evolution of the precipitated phase, i.e., the gradual disruption of the coherent relationship between the second phase and the Al matrix. And the coherency-strain fields decrease gradually, which is also beneficial in decreasing the residual resistivity. The results show that Al–Cu alloys can also be a potential heat-resistant conductor material for the power transmission industry.
Research on damping performance of elastomer/carbon fiber epoxy composite
Authors: Tengfei Qin , Jinsheng Liu , Xing Wei , Bin Fu , Shanyong Xuan , Zhiyuan Wang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The preparation method of the composite material with damping layer and the influence of the position of the single-layer damping layer in the composite material on the damping coefficient have not been studied in detail. In this paper, the most commonly used composite molding methods, the hot autoclave and hot patch method, to manufacture elastomer/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin (elastomer/CFER) composites. Then, the effects of the manufacturing method and the position of the elastomer on the short beam shear strength and damping performance of the co-cured composite were studied. The novel results show that the composite manufactured by the hot autoclave has high shear strength, but the damping factor of the composite is relatively weak. The addition of the damping layer has little effect on the shear strength of the composites of the hot patch instrument, and the damping factor of the composites with an elastic layer in the middle can reach 0.0683, which is 4.1 times that of the composites without the damping layer, and 2.5 times of the composites with an elastic layer in the middle of the hot autoclave manufacturing.
Modulating RhoA effectors induces transitions to oscillatory and more wavelike RhoA dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes
Authors: Yao Baixue , Donoughe Seth , Michaux Jonathan , Munro Edwin 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, Yao et al. use a combination of live imaging and quantitative image analysis to explore how modulating actin network dynamics and contractility can tune spatiotemporal patterns of RhoA activity in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.
Impact of a pharmacist-led telehealth oral chemotherapy clinic
Authors: Mathur Anupama D , Maiers Tristan A , Andrick Benjamin J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Oral oncolytics come with significant concerns of noncompliance due to complex regimens, adverse effects, and high overall costs. The Geisinger Oral Chemotherapy Clinic is a fully telephone-based medication therapy disease management (MTDM) program designed to integrate pharmacists as advanced practitioners in hematology/oncology clinics for comanagement of oral chemotherapy.

Summary
To date, Geisinger has 11 oncology clinics and 3 full-time pharmacists designated to the management of oral chemotherapy. Pharmacists receive referrals for comanagement of patients starting oral oncolytics. Under a collaborative practice agreement, they can order laboratory tests as well as supportive care medications and refills. Pharmacists review planned therapies, perform medication reconciliations, and provide medication counseling. Once treatment has been initiated, pharmacists contact patients for laboratory and toxicity assessments. The clinic incorporates the use of customized smart data elements within the electronic medical record to collect data regarding pharmacist interventions and time allocations in the clinic. As of March 31, 2021, the clinic was actively following approximately 1,100 patients, resulting in an average of 80 to 90 encounters per day for new referrals, chemotherapy education, and laboratory and toxicity assessments. Approximately 2,113 patients were followed from December 1, 2019, to March 31, 2021, with 46,929 interventions documented.

Conclusion
By obtaining provider buy-in for pharmacy services, acquiring enough personnel resources to meet the needs of the growing patient population and respective therapies, and proper utilization of technology, the program has thrived, allowing for increased provider and patient satisfaction. Future goals include expanding collection of pharmacist intervention metrics and analysis of patient perceptions of services provided by the clinic.
Leaf photosynthesis is positively correlated with xylem and phloem areas in leaf veins in rice (Oryza sativa) plants
Authors: Huang Guanjun , Shu Yu , Peng Shaobing , Li Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Leaf structure is an important determinant of leaf photosynthesis; however, the impacts of leaf structural traits on gas exchange parameters are still not fully understood. In the present study, 11 rice genotypes were grown in pots to investigate the influence of leaf structural traits on leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance (Kleaf).

Methods
In this study, leaf photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance and Kleaf were measured. In addition, leaf structural traits including leaf thickness (LT), leaf mass per area and leaf xylem and phloem sizes were also measured to investigate their impacts on rice photosynthesis.

Key Results
We found that the total area of xylem conduits per major vein (Xmajor), leaf phloem area per minor vein (Pminor) and LT were positively correlated with Kleaf, gs and A. The path analysis suggested that, however, only Pminor had a direct impact on A; Xmajor had an indirect impact on A via gs and Pminor, while LT did not show any direct or indirect impact on A.

Conclusion
This study highlighted the importance of manipulations in Xmajor and Pminor, two previously overlooked leaf traits, to improve leaf photosynthesis in rice plants.
Improve consensus partitioning via a hierarchical procedure
Authors: Gu Zuguang , Hübschmann Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Consensus partitioning is an unsupervised method widely used in high-throughput data analysis for revealing subgroups and assigning stability for the classification. However, standard consensus partitioning procedures are weak for identifying large numbers of stable subgroups. There are two major issues. First, subgroups with small differences are difficult to be separated if they are simultaneously detected with subgroups with large differences. Second, stability of classification generally decreases as the number of subgroups increases. In this work, we proposed a new strategy to solve these two issues by applying consensus partitioning in a hierarchical procedure. We demonstrated hierarchical consensus partitioning can be efficient to reveal more meaningful subgroups. We also tested the performance of hierarchical consensus partitioning on revealing a great number of subgroups with a large deoxyribonucleic acid methylation dataset. The hierarchical consensus partitioning is implemented in the R package cola with comprehensive functionalities for analysis and visualization. It can also automate the analysis only with a minimum of two lines of code, which generates a detailed HTML report containing the complete analysis. The cola package is available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/cola/.