bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Profile, Evaluation of Imaging Guidelines, and Management of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury at a Tertiary Care Center in India: A Review of 269 Patients
Authors: Roy Joanna M. , Balasubramaniam Srikant , Barve Pandurang S. , Nadkarni Trimurti D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Literature regarding management of TBI in children is scarce in the Indian setting. Our study aims to bridge the existing literary gap.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a retrospective analysis of 269 children below 12 years of age presenting to a tertiary care hospital in India with head injury between January 2018 and January 2021. Pearson’s χ2 test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The mean age of children admitted with head injury was 4.7 years. TBI was mild in 92.2% of children. A fall from height was the most common cause of injury (81.8%). The most common finding on computed tomography (CT) was skull fracture in 38%. Ten children (3.8%) required neurosurgical intervention. The median duration of hospital stay was 4 days. Statistically significant differences in median duration of hospital stay were obtained based on skull fracture and Glasgow Coma Scale on arrival. About 43.1% (n = 116) of children received a CT scan despite lack of indication as per NICE (National Institute of Health Care and Excellence) guidelines, and positive findings were obtained in 47.4% (n = 55). Prophylactic anticonvulsants were given to 39.8% of children (n = 107), of which 86.8% (n = 92) had positive findings. Fourteen children (13.2%) with a normal CT scan received anticonvulsants due to the presence of seizures following head injury.

Conclusion:
Strict implementation of guidelines issued by NICE would have led to non-detection of intracranial injury in many patients. A modification of this guideline to suit the Indian perspective may be necessary. The use of anticonvulsants in children following head injury needs further characterization.
Pulse methylprednisolone plus low-dose prednisolone versus low-dose prednisolone alone for treatment of children with West syndrome: A single-center, open-label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Nanda Sanjiv , Kaushik Jaya Shankar , Bala Kiran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
There are preliminary reports of the benefit of additional pulse methylprednisolone (MP) to oral prednisolone in the treatment of West syndrome.

Aim:
To compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous pulse MP followed by low-dose prednisolone versus low-dose prednisolone alone for children with West syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized, open-labeled, controlled clinical trial was conducted among children aged two months to 30 months with a diagnosis of West syndrome. They were randomized to either of pulse MP (30 mg/kg for 3 days) followed by low-dose prednisolone (2 mg/kg) [n = 26] or low-dose prednisolone (2 mg/kg) alone [n = 24] for four weeks.

Results:
The efficacy of pulse MP was comparable with oral prednisolone in terms of spasms cessation (11 [45.8%] vs. 7 [26.9%]; RRR [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74 [0.47–1.14]; P = 0.24), more than 50% spasms reduction (16 [66.6%] vs. 11 [42.3%]; RRR [95% CI]: 0.57 [0.31–1.12]; P = 0.09), more than 90% reduction (11 [42.8%] vs. 7 [26.9%]; RRR [95% CI]: 0.74 [0.47–1.14]; P = 0.24), and primary electroclinical remission (5 [20.8%] vs. 2 [7.6%]; RRR [95% CI]: 0.85 [0.68–1.08]; P = 0.21). The adverse effect profile was comparable in the two groups.

Conclusion:
Pulse MP therapy followed by oral prednisolone in low-dose (2 mg/kg) was as effective as low-dose prednisolone (2 mg/kg) therapy alone in West syndrome. Although pulse MP did not result in any adverse outcome, routine use of the same before initiation of oral prednisolone needs further studies with a larger sample size; longer follow-,up and comparative trial with high dose steroids (4 mg/kg).
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in children with acute encephalopathy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Thiruveedi Sruthi , Lingappa Lokesh , Konanki Ramesh , Mohanlal Smilu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in children is underrecognized.

Objectives:
Assessing the incidence of NCSE in children with acute encephalopathy (AE), clinical description, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and therapeutic response were the objectives.

Materials and Methods:
Children aged from 6 months to 16 years with AE, Glasgow Coma Scale < 12 were included. Clinical assessment, neurological evaluation, laboratory investigations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and neuroimaging studies were done. EEG was done for 1 h within 24 h of presentation, repeat EEG on day 3, and continuous EEG monitoring, where needed. Improvement in GCS and EEG determined therapeutic response.

Results:
Twenty-five (25.51%) of 98 children had NCSE. Altered sensorium (100%), seizures (76.5%), and fever (64.2%) were the common presentation. CSF analysis (61/98) was abnormal in 30 children. There was a significant increase in background slowing (24 to 42, P = 0.001), decrease in sleep markers (42 to 22, P = 0.009), significant decrease in the number of patients with epileptiform discharges (28 to 14, P = 0.036). On day 1, 22 of 25 children had NCSE, 11 had persistence until day 3, three exhibited new appearance on day 3. Generalized discharges (64%) on EEG were common and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) (40%) the most common etiology. Signal changes in cortex (n = 7), deep gray matter changes (n = 8), and subcortical and deep white matter changes (n = 10) were the abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Absence of sleep waves, ictal rhythms on EEG, generalized seizures on day 1 and number of episodes, symmetry, focal seizures, and hyperglycemia on day 3 were significant risk factors for NCSE. Sepsis/systemic inflammatory response syndrome, metabolic causes, trauma, and autoimmune disorders had lower risk of developing NCSE

Conclusion:
A strong association between clinical seizures and NCSE is demonstrated. The most common etiology for NCSE was FIRES. EEG on day 3 helps in identifying new occurrence of NCSE.
Comparison of the Inflammatory Response to Periodontal Treatment in Pre and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Prasanna Jammula Surya , Sumadhura Chinta 
Published: July 2022

Context:
Menopause is an overall increase in body's response to inflammation. Periodontium is no such exception leads to periodontitis, tooth loss may occur if not treated timely. Pre and postmenopausal conditions are more or less critical for inflammatory changes. This study aimed to determine both conditions which one was oppressive? and which reciprocated more to scaling?

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional interventional study. Sixty female subjects aged between 40 and 50 years with periodontitis were recruited. Equated into two groups of 30 patients each, Group I being premenopausal and Group II postmenopausal women. Plaque Index, Periodontal Index (PDI), and Sulcular Bleeding Index were compared at baseline and 3 months after scaling. IBM SPSS version 21 software was used. An independent sample t-test was applied for percentage decrement and intergroup comparison with paired t-test.

Results:
Significant reduction in all the above parameters in both the groups was noted based on intragroup comparison from baseline to 3 months (P < 0.001). However, the intergroup showed no significance except PDI at baseline.

Conclusions:
There was a remarkable effect of scaling on inflammatory conditions such as menopause and periodontitis. If women undergo periodontal therapy in premenopause stage, it can prevent future aggressive inflammatory changes in the postmenopausal stage.
Patterns and Correlates of Mental Disability in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Karde Avinash D. , Panse Smita N. , Santre Manjit 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Substantial proportion of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) patients are symptomatic more than half of their lives despite receiving pharmacological treatment leading to functional impairment and disability.

Objectives:
To study the correlation of disability with socio-demographic and clinical variables in euthymic patients with BPAD.

Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 euthymic patients of BPAD using purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured proforma and diagnostic categorization of patients was done according to ICD-10 research criteria, Hamilton's Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Indian Disability Evaluation Assessment Scale (IDEAS) was administered for disability assessment. The variables were analyzed using appropriate tests, namely, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, two independent sample t test, Fisher's exact test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient.

Results:
81% patients of BPAD had a mild disability and 19% patients had a moderate disability. The total duration of illness score (mean 3.8) was the major determinant of disability on IDEAS. There was a statistically significant association of age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.027), subsyndromal manic features (P < 0.001), and number of previous episodes (P < 0.001) with disability, and there was no association of socioeconomic status, marital status, occupational status, duration of illness, age of onset, and number of previous hospitalizations with disability.

Conclusion:
Bipolar affective disorder is associated with mild-to-moderate disability on evaluation using IDEAS instrument. There is a need for further studies on the utility of IDEAS and its individual domains in the assessment of disability due to bipolar affective disorder.
Cyber Addiction and the Role of Social Anxiety Disorders among College-Going Students of the Central Kashmir: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Paul Fayaz Ahmad , Swain Mamata , Banerjee Indrajeet 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Social anxiety disorder is a common mental health disorder which effects the young generation of adolescents and it is often associated with comorbidities such as depression, suicide ideation, and substance abuse disorder. Cyber addiction is a significant mental health problem among college-going students. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of social anxiety in adolescents and to explore its correlation with Internet usage among college-going students of the central part of Kashmir.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 undergraduate college-going students of the central part of Kashmir to screen for social anxiety and social phobia using a Social Interaction Anxiety Scale a validated instrument, and Young’s Internet Addiction Scale was used for measuring Internet addiction. Participants of the study were categorized according to the severity of anxiety and social phobia obtained and later compared with their Internet addiction behaviors.

Results:
The results of the study revealed that cyber addiction was seen among 93.18% of study participants. The prevalence of social anxiety and social phobia was estimated to be 25.0% and 35.90%. Cyber addiction was positively correlated with social anxiety score (Pearson correlation = 0.994, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
More than 93.18% of participants had cyber addiction; the majority had mild-to-moderate cyber addiction. Social anxiety was present in more than one-third of the students and social anxiety disorder was found to be associated with cyber addiction among college-going students.
Attitude toward Suicidal Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study among Health-Care Professionals in Northwest Malaysia
Authors: Nazli Aimi Izwani Mohd , Ooi Yit Tyse , Thyagarajan Dandaithapani , Jamaluddin Ruzita 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The attitude of clinicians will steer the direction of clinical care provided to patients with suicidal behavior. However, there is limited local data to suggest the attitude of health-care workers toward suicidal patients in the health-care settings.

Objective:
We aimed to assess the attitude of health-care professionals toward suicidal behavior and the factors influencing their attitude.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a single tertiary health-care facility in northwest Malaysia, using a validated modified Suicide Opinion Questionnaire, distributed to medical doctors, nurses, and assistant medical officers.

Results:
A total of 487 health-care workers from 13 clinical departments participated in the study. We found that health-care professionals generally held unfavorable attitudes toward suicidal behavior, with 70.0% of the respondents generated low attitude scores in overall section. Independent factors that were found to be significantly associated with unfavorable attitudes toward suicidal behavior include religion (P = 0.027), education level (P = 0.007), and occupation (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis with logistic regression showed that medical doctors were found to be 2.11 times more likely to hold unfavorable attitudes toward suicidal behavior as compared to nurses (95% confidence interval: 1.15–4.30, P = 0.009).

Conclusion:
Our findings highlighted the suicide stigma that is prevalent even among professional health-care workers in Malaysia. The unfavorable attitude toward suicidal behavior contrasted the elements of empathy and care that should be the core practice in health-care services. Therefore, we suggest for the implementation of training workshops incorporating interactive communication skills and reflective thinking to improve understanding and attitude toward suicidal behavior among health-care workers.
Internet Addiction in Preuniversity Students in East Malaysia: Prevalence and its Association with Stress and Depression
Authors: Cheah Whye Lian , Bo Myat Su , Yee Lai Hui , Idris Atiqah Safawati Binti , Bia Brianna Jaswinta Anak , Deser Kimberly Claire , Lim Han Yong 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
This study examined the differences between noninternet addiction, problematic Internet use, and pathological Internet use and their association with stress and depression among preuniversity students in a public university in East Malaysia.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study using the self-administered questionnaire that consists of sociodemographic information, the Internet addiction test (IAT), patient health questionnaire (symptoms of depression), and Perceived Stress Scale-10. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software version 23.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty-six respondents participated in the study (response rate of 95.7%). About 12% of the respondents reported having a high level of perceived stress and 69.9% with moderately severe and severe depression. For the Internet addiction profile, 21.4% reported being problematic Internet users and 21.4% were pathological Internet users. Multinomial logistics regression analysis showed no significant effect from gender, perceived stress, and depression on problematic Internet addiction. On the outcome of pathological Internet addiction compared to noninternet addiction (reference category), male has higher pathological Internet addiction as compared to female (odd ratio = 2.78); those who have moderately severe-to-severe depression are more likely to be pathological Internet addiction as compared to noninternet addiction (1/0.325 = 3.07).

Conclusion:
The study revealed that problematic and pathological Internet use is prevalent in our sample, and pathological Internet addiction was associated with the symptom of depression and gender. Early intervention and detection of problematic internet use may prevent the development of maladaptive coping responses that lead to Internet addictive use.
Mental Health Status Based on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, Brief Resilience Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale among Corporate Staff in International Medical University
Authors: Thuraisingham Chandramani , Ran Lim Tao , Pinto John , Anusara Raveennath Julanjith , Xin Puah Yi , Hisham Sharifah Fadhlina binti 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the mental well-being of the Malaysian workforce.

Aim:
To determine the prevalence of mental health issues among the corporate staff of a private health-care university.

Methodology:
A total of 179 corporate staff from the International Medical University who were recruited into the study completed an online questionnaire of their demographics, including the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS).

Results:
About 10% were found to be depressed, anxious or stressed, 18% were unsatisfied with their life, and 18.4% had low mental resilience. Depression was significantly associated with race (P = 0.034) and marital status (P < 0.001). Similarly, stress was also associated with race (P = 0.039) and marital status (P = 0.049). SWLS was highly related to marital status (P < 0.001) and BRS was significantly comparable with age (P = 0.035) and education level (P = 0.043).

Discussion:
High prevalence of mental health issues during the pandemic can be explained by multiple reasons such as restriction in daily life events, reduction of household income, change in the working environment, social distancing, etc.,

Conclusion:
Marital status and race are risk factors for mental health issues among corporate staff. Marriage tends to be more protective against many mental health issues.
Assessment of use of World Health Organization access, watch, reserve antibiotics and core prescribing indicators in pediatric outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Mandal Pragnadyuti , Asad Mustafa , Kayal Arijit , Biswas Mohuya 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to analyze antibiotic prescribing patterns in pediatric outpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India, to identify use of World Health Organization (WHO) access, watch and reserve (AWaRe) antibiotics and to identify rationality of prescribing on the basis of WHO core prescribing indicators.

Materials and Methods:
Scanned copies of prescriptions were collected from the pediatrics outpatients and antibiotic utilization pattern was analyzed in reference to WHO AWaRe groupings and core prescribing indicators.

Results:
Over the 3 months study period, 310 prescriptions were screened. The prevalence of antibiotic use 36.77%. The majority of the 114 children who received antibiotics were males (52.64%, 60) and belonged to 1–5 year age group (49.12%, 56). The highest number of antibiotic prescriptions was from the penicillin class (58, 46.60%) followed by cephalosporin (23.29%) and macrolide (16.54%). Most number of prescribed antibiotics belonged to Access group (63, 47.37%), followed by Watch group (51, 38.35%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 2.66, percentage of encounters with injections were 0.64%. Most of the prescriptions were prescribed using generic name (74.18%, 612), 58.30% (481) of drugs were from WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for children.

Conclusion:
If antibiotics are indicated, more number of antibiotics from the Access group may be used for ambulatory children who attend outpatient department of tertiary care hospitals. A simple combination of metrics based on AWaRe groups and core prescribing indicators may eliminate the problem of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing in children and may broaden the antibiotic stewardship opportunities.
The Invasive Mosquitoes of Canada: An Entomological, Medical, and Veterinary Review
Authors: Peach Daniel A. H. , Matthews Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Several invasive mosquitoes have become established in Canada, including important pathogen vectors such as Aedes albopictus, Ae. japonicus, and Culex pipiens. Some species have been present for decades, while others are recent arrivals. Several species present new health concerns and may result in autochthonous seasonal outbreaks of pathogens, particularly in southern Canada, that were previously restricted to imported cases. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of the biological, medical, and veterinary perspectives of these invasive species and highlights the need for increased monitoring efforts and information sharing.
Pfs47 as a Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Target
Authors: Molina-Cruz Alvaro , Barillas-Mury Carolina 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs), pioneered by Richard Carter and others, aim to prevent parasite development in the mosquito vector and are a promising new tool for malaria elimination. Pfs47, recently identified as a TBV target, is a three-domain 6-cysteine protein on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages. Pfs47 allows the parasite to evade mosquito immunity and is key for P. falciparum infection of the dominant malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles dirus, and Anopheles albimanus. Antibodies against Pfs47 domain 2 (D2) have significant transmission-blocking activity that prevents Plasmodium ookinete development and is independent of human complement. Strong transmission-blocking activity has been mapped to a region of 52 amino acids in Pfs47 D2. Efforts to optimize the immunogenicity of the Pfs47 D2 antigen with a viral-like particle have been successful, and the efficacy of a P47-based TBV was confirmed in vivo with Pbs47, the orthologue of Pfs47 in the mouse malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. The current evidence warrants further development and clinical testing of a Pfs47-based TBV.
COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in a Community Cohort in Ponce, Puerto Rico
Authors: Sánchez-González Liliana , Major Chelsea G. , Rodriguez Dania M. , Balajee Abirami , Ryff Kyle R. , Lorenzi Olga , Linares Mariely , Adams Laura E. , Rivera-Amill Vanessa , Rolfes Melissa , Paz-Bailey Gabriela 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT.
As of January 20, 2022, > 247,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 3,600 deaths were reported in Puerto Rico (PR). We interviewed participants aged ≥ 14 years in the Communities Organized to Prevent Arboviruses (COPA) study, a community-based cohort in PR, about COVID-19 vaccine intention from November 12, 2020, to June 25, 2021. We used univariate and adjusted analyses to identify participant characteristics associated with vaccine intention. Among 1,542 respondents, the median age was 37 years (interquartile range 23–45) and 914 (59%) were female. Most participants (83%) reported a willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy was concern about the safety or side effects (64%). Willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a later interview date, higher household income, previous COVID-19 diagnosis among household members, COVID-19 risk perception, influenza vaccine uptake, dengue vaccine intention, and general positive perceptions of vaccines. While parents with minors (< 21 years old) were less likely to report vaccine intention for themselves than participants without minor children, we observed similar characteristics associated with parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children. Overall, COVID-19 vaccine intention was high among COPA participants. It is important that public health messaging in PR addresses COVID-19 vaccine safety and possible side effects.