bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index and esophageal mucosal integrity in patients with GERD symptoms
Authors: Ribolsi Mentore , Frazzoni Marzio , Cicala Michele , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundImpedance‐pH monitoring allows evaluation of esophageal chemical clearance, a response to reflux elicited by the esophago‐salivary reflex, by means of the post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index; mucosal integrity can be evaluated by means of mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) and is regarded as a GERD marker. Currently, the relationship between PSPW index and MNBI has not yet been fully investigated and represents the aim of the present study.MethodsImpedance‐pH tracings from consecutive patients were reviewed. ROC analysis and multivariate regression models were generated to evaluate the association between acid exposure time (AET), total refluxes (TRs), PSPW index, and MNBI. Patients were classified by means of AET thresholds and symptom‐reflux association indexes into conclusive and inconclusive GERD, reflux hypersensitivity (RH), and functional heartburn (FH). Pathologic MNBI <2292 Ω was defined according to published outcome studies.Key ResultsTwo hundred and thirty patients constituted the study cohort. Overall, a significant direct correlation was observed between PSPW index and MNBI (0.759, p < 0.001). At ROC analysis, a PSPW index cut‐off value of 53% was the best discriminator between normal from pathologic MNBI values (sensitivity 88%, specificity 86.4%). Considering AET cut‐off of 4% or 6%, a sensitivity of 80.7% and 46% and a specificity of 62.5% and 93.2% were found, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, AET >4% and PSPW index value <53% or <61% were significantly associated with pathologic MNBI values.Conclusions and InferencesEsophageal chemical clearance is a major defense mechanism against reflux and its impairment represents a major determinant of reflux‐associated mucosal damage.
2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases drive expansion of steroidal alkaloid structural diversity in the genus Solanum
Authors: Sonawane Prashant D. , Jozwiak Adam , Barbole Ranjit , Panda Sayantan , Abebie Bekele , Kazachkova Yana , Gharat Sachin A. , Ramot Ofir , Unger Tamar , Wizler Guy , Meir Sagit , Rogachev Ilana , Doron‐Faigenboim Adi , Petreikov Marina , Schaffer Arthur , Giri Ashok P. , Scherf Tali , Aharoni Asaph 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are renowned defence metabolites exhibiting spectacular structural diversity. Genes and enzymes generating the SGA precursor pathway, SGA scaffold and glycosylated forms have been largely identified. Yet, the majority of downstream metabolic steps creating the vast repertoire of SGAs remain untapped.

Here, we discovered that members of the 2‐OXOGLUTARATE‐DEPENDENT DIOXYGENASE (2‐ODD) family play a prominent role in SGA metabolism, carrying out three distinct backbone‐modifying oxidative steps in addition to the three formerly reported pathway reactions.

The GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM34 (GAME34) enzyme catalyses the conversion of core SGAs to habrochaitosides in wild tomato S. habrochaites. Cultivated tomato plants overexpressing GAME34 ectopically accumulate habrochaitosides. These habrochaitoside enriched plants extracts potently inhibit Puccinia spp. spore germination, a significant Solanaceae crops fungal pathogen. Another 2‐ODD enzyme, GAME33, acts as a desaturase (via hydroxylation and E/F ring rearrangement) forming unique, yet unreported SGAs. Conversion of bitter α‐tomatine to ripe fruit, nonbitter SGAs (e.g. esculeoside A) requires two hydroxylations; while the known GAME31 2‐ODD enzyme catalyses hydroxytomatine formation, we find that GAME40 catalyses the penultimate step in the pathway and generates acetoxy‐hydroxytomatine towards esculeosides accumulation.

Our results highlight the significant contribution of 2‐ODD enzymes to the remarkable structural diversity found in plant steroidal specialized metabolism.
Efficacy of a 365 nm Ultraviolet A1 light Emitting Diode (UVA1‐LED) in in vitro Extracorporeal Photopheresis
Authors: Maeda Akira , Yamamoto Riho , Mizuno Shohei , Miki Shigeichiro , Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Kogata Shuhei , Toyama Chiyoshi , Sato Kazuki , Okamatsu Chizu , Ando Takanori , Iida Minako , Watsuji Toru , Sato Toshinobu , Miyagawa Shuji , Okuyama Hiroomi , Takami Akiyoshi , Kodera Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is one of the more effective cell therapies for graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). ECP is a widely recommended therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic GvHD, particularly steroid‐refractory GVHD. In recent years, the use of a light emitting diode (LED) in the clinic has attracted considerable interest. In this study, we examined the issue of whether an ultraviolet A1‐light emitting diode (UVA1‐LED) can be used as a light source in ECP. To compare the efficacy of ECP with conventional UVA lamp and a UVA1‐LED, we established an in vitro ECP model. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by measuring the % apoptosis and the inhibition of T‐cell proliferation. To investigate the effect of ECP on the innate immune reaction, THP‐1 cells with a luciferase reporter gene driven by a NF‐kB response element (THP‐1 luc NF‐kB) were treated with ECP. The LED‐ECP induced apoptosis and inhibition of T‐cell proliferation as efficiently as a conventional ECP. However, LED‐ECP induced less innate immunity in THP‐1. Since LED devices are more compact compared with conventional UVA irradiation devices, the use of a UVA1‐LED in the treatment of ECP may be a better alternative to conventional ECP therapy.
Hydrogen sulphide‐mediated alleviation and its interplay with other signalling molecules during temperature stress
Authors: Mishra S. , Chowdhary A. A. , Bhau B. S. , Srivastava V. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe sessile habit of plants does not provide choices to escape the environmental constraints, leading to negative impacts on their growth and development. This causes significant losses in the agriculture sector and raises serious issues on global food security. Extreme temperatures (high or low) influence several aspects of plant life and can cause reproduction malfunction. Therefore, a strategy for temperature amelioration is necessary for the management of agricultural productivity. Supplementation with various chemicals (e.g. phytohormones, gasotransmitters, osmolytes) is considered a good choice to manage plant stress. Gasotransmitters are well‐recognized for stress mitigation in plants, among which hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has proved promising to alleviate stress. Temperature (heat/cold) stress can stimulate the endogenous production of H2S in plants, and many studies have reported the significance of H2S for temperature stress amelioration. Here, H2S led to positive changes in plant physiological, biochemical and molecular responses, which are usually compromised during stress. Further, H2S also coordinate with other signalling components that act either upstream or downstream during stress mitigation. This review focuses on the significance of H2S for mitigation of temperature stress, with a comprehensive discussion on cross‐talk with other signalling components or supplements (e.g. NO, H2O2, salicylic acid, trehalose, proline). Finally, the review provides a rational assessment and holistic understanding of H2S‐mediated mitigation of extreme temperature stress and addresses the prospects for development of an effective strategy to manage temperature stress.
Supervised Multivariate Learning with Simultaneous Feature Auto-Grouping and Dimension Reduction
Authors: She Yiyuan , Shen Jiahui , Zhang Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModern high-dimensional methods often adopt the ‘bet on sparsity’ principle, while in supervised multivariate learning statisticians may face ‘dense’ problems with a large number of nonzero coefficients. This paper proposes a novel clustered reduced-rank learning (CRL) framework that imposes two joint matrix regularizations to automatically group the features in constructing predictive factors. CRL is more interpretable than low-rank modelling and relaxes the stringent sparsity assumption in variable selection. In this paper, new information-theoretical limits are presented to reveal the intrinsic cost of seeking for clusters, as well as the blessing from dimensionality in multivariate learning. Moreover, an efficient optimization algorithm is developed, which performs subspace learning and clustering with guaranteed convergence. The obtained fixed-point estimators, although not necessarily globally optimal, enjoy the desired statistical accuracy beyond the standard likelihood setup under some regularity conditions. Moreover, a new kind of information criterion, as well as its scale-free form, is proposed for cluster and rank selection, and has a rigorous theoretical support without assuming an infinite sample size. Extensive simulations and real-data experiments demonstrate the statistical accuracy and interpretability of the proposed method.
Contextualising embodied cognition: Towards a critical neuro‐geography of ageing
Authors: Naughton Linda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWithin geography, situated, contextualised, and contingent embodiment is a central theme in non‐representational theory, mobility theories, and feminist, affective, and emotional geographies. Despite this focus on the body, engagement with the strong embodiment hypotheses emerging out of neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy has been limited to only selective theoretical borrowings with practically no attention given to the burgeoning empirical evidence of the relationship between body, mind, and environment. While the neural turn within the discipline has been acknowledged, the flow of influence is found to be largely unidirectional, where cognitive science, and the neurogovernance that stems from it, pays scant attention to the contingencies of spatial lives. At the same time, geographers have been critical of the universalising tendencies and narrow empiricism of neuroscience. This paper advocates a rapprochement between geography and neuroscience following Barad's agential realism approach. Using the geographies of ageing as a case that has relevance across the discipline, cognitive embodiments are understood as body–mind–environment assemblages that continuously co‐constitute material difference, constraint, and possibility for bodies as they age. A focus on recent studies of embodied ageing that show cognition to be both embodied and inherently spatial is used to inspire a critical neuro‐geography that rethinks ageing in place, age‐friendly cities, and age‐related public health interventions, such as those for the COVID‐19 crisis. The paper aims to inspire further critical neuro‐geographies that think through body–mind–environment assemblages and material–discursive intra‐actions without separating mind/body or nature/culture.
Lean Premixed Combustion of Raw Biogas Interchangeability in a Porous Radiant Burner Operated in the Submerged Mode
Authors: Dash Kishan , Samantaray Sikata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Raw biogas has the potential to be a valuable solution to the world’s insatiable energy demand as well as reduce waste and greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the raw biogas interchangeability potential of a circular porous radiant burner (PRB) made of Silicon Carbide (SiC) foam and ceramic. The experiment was carried out on PRB for three different raw biogas mixtures at the firing rate of 200–400 kW/m2 and stable combustion was observed for the equivalence ratio range of 0.75–0.96. The raw biogas mixtures of higher CO2 percentage reduce the surface temperature, radiation efficiency, NOx emission but increase the CO emission. The surface temperature, CO, and NOx emission increased due to the increase in firing rate and equivalence ratio, but the radiation efficiency increased due to the increase in equivalence ratio only. The PRB operates steadily with the radiation efficiency of 15.87–38.92%, NOx emission of 0.7–2.9 ppm, and CO emission of 30–93 ppm for all studied raw biogas mixtures within the range of firing rates of 200–400 kW/m2 and equivalence ratio of 0.75–0.96. A correlation for radiation efficiency in terms of percentage of CO2 in the raw biogas mixtures, firing rate, and equivalence ratio was developed and found that the predicted radiation efficiency agrees well with the experimental results. Overall, the newly developed PRB offers better radiation efficiency than that of other designs operated in the submerged mode for raw biogas.
One-Step Prototyping: Rapid Manufacturing
Authors: Kahlen Franz-Josef , Sankaranarayanan Srikanth , Guo Wen , Kar Aravinda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rapid Prototyping methods currently in use are based on solidifying polymers by UV laser irradiation. The availability of these methods has altered the environment for product development as cycle times for component revisions are reduced from several days down to several hours. However, a common feature of most Rapid Prototyping Processes is that these parts are suitable for space studies but face severe restrictions for functionality tests. E.g., an exhaust part, made out of plastics, cannot be exposed to high temperature fumes.
At this point, an intermediate step must be taken, original parts must be manufactured and tested, what often means casting of soft tools for these original parts. This second step, essentially a “detour”, is a characteristic feature of many such processes.
Subject of this presentation is a one-step Rapid Manufacturing Process to create 3D prototyping parts, using the original sample material. The goal is to investigate the fundamental characteristics of the process in order to understand the effects of various process variables on different physical parameters. Parts created in such a manner could be readily used for real testing. Preparations of an experimental setup where metal powder is fed to the laser beam-material interaction region have been concluded. The powder is melted and forms planar, two-dimensional geometries as the substrate is moved under the laser beam in XY-direction. After completing the geometry in the plane, the substrate is displaced in Z-direction, and a new layer of material is placed on top of the just completed deposit. By continuous repetition of this process, 3D parts were created. From an end-user’s point of view, the step of using soft tools can be avoided.
A high power CO2 laser was used as energy source, the material powder under investigation was Stainless Steel SS304L (particle size 140 μm). Helium was used as shield gas at a flow rate of 15 1/min. The incident CO2 laser beam power was varied between 300 W and 400 W, with the laser beam intensity distributed in a donut mode. The laser beam was focused to a focal diameter of 600 μm.
Environmental Sensitivity Criteria for Mechanical Product Design Evaluation
Authors: Sfantsikopoulos Michael M. , Pantelis Dimitris I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Industrial mechanical products create environmental problems in three ways: Because of their function, because of their manufacturing and because of their disposal after the end of their service life, or the end of their life-cycle. Constantly increasing social and market needs press, on the other hand, for always new products with inevitably shorter life-cycles. Environmental pollution of the air, water and soil and overconsumption of natural material deposits and non-renewable energy resources are thus becoming very serious threats for the future of the world ecosystem. Although it is clear that all these threats to the environment start from the New Product Design (NPD), relevant engineering design efforts have been primarily focused on product functional issues that affect negatively the environment (emissions, energy consumption, wastes). Less attention has been paid until recently by the NPD methodologies to product manufacturing issues which cause undesirable environmental consequences and originate from its design.
In the paper an approach is attempted toward assemblying and classification of the motives, targets and design guidelines for an environmentally conscious mechanical product design. Design issues which have to do with product manufacturing and affect negatively the environment are only taken into account. Environmental sensitivity criteria for NPD evaluation are further established within various processing, re-use, re-conditioning, re-cycling, etc. modes. These evaluation criteria refer to minimum raw (not yet processed) material and energy consumption in product manufacturing, to minimum environmental pollution in product manufacturing and from product disposal.
Facility Modeling for Environmentally-Conscious Machining
Authors: Bennett D. , Sheng P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for considering environmental factors in machining facilities through Monte Carlo system simulation models. Although system simulation is widely used to plan resource allocation, scheduling, product mix, buffer sizes, and other operational issues, the focus of system-level planning is traditionally the primary part flow. One key aspect of this approach is the modeling of secondary (or catalytic) flows within the facility in the solid, liquid and vapor phases. The advantages of the approach presented are that (1) human health hazards can be estimated prior to actual exposure in the facility, (2) available inventories of cutting fluids, solid scrap and tools can be more effectively synchronized with primary part flows, (3) potential system constraints based on environmental factors (such as catalyst recycling or disposal) can be identified, and (4) energy use in a facility can be quantified based upon the product mix and resources being used. This approach uses analytical process models embedded as attributes of systems resources to determine energy use and mass flows based on process time and volume of material removed. To illustrate this approach, we present a model of an aerospace machining facility comprising of 20 resources and 28 product types is presented and case studies addressing cutting fluid management and product mix are developed.
Advanced Probabilistic Design of Multi-Degree of Freedom Systems Subjected to a Number of Discreet Excitation Frequencies
Authors: Pigott Ronald 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
From the beginning, engineers have focused on the special case of determinism in the design process, and an enormous methodology has been developed to support this approach. Today, however, customers are demanding greater reliability and are imposing greater penalties for failure. In order to achieve higher reliability, and in order to assess the risk of failure, probabilistic approaches will almost certainly have to be employed. While designers have always used probability in their work, it has usually been done with risk represented in a single factor of safety. This paper focuses on the application of probability theory to the design of multi-degree of freedom systems that are subjected to a number of discreet excitation frequencies. Problems of this nature are often encountered in rotating machines where the excitation frequencies are multiples of the speed of rotation. In a previous paper (Pigott, 1996), only variability in the system natural frequencies was considered, and the probability of exceeding a certain vibratory stress was determined. It was shown that, at the reliability levels of interest, it is necessary to consider multiple mode contributions to the total vibratory stress. In this paper, the previous approach is extended to include variability in the magnitude of the excitation force, system damping, and system fatigue strength leading to the determination of a total probability of failure due to high cycle fatigue. The results of applying the deterministic analysis, the first level of probabilistic analysis (Pigott, 1996) and the full probabilistic analysis are presented for a sample system. The benefits from using the probabilistic approach for component design are also discussed.
Numerical Study of the Effects of the Transverse Cylinder Oscillation on the Laminar Wake
Authors: Anagnostopoulos P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this computational study is the investigation of the effects of the transverse oscillations of a cylinder on the flow pattern and on the hydrodynamic forces exerted on the body. The finite element technique was used for the solution, which comprised numerical flow visualization and evaluation of the hydrodynamic forces, at a constant Reynolds number equal to 106. The cylinder oscillation frequency was varying between 0.8 and 1.2 of the natural shedding frequency, and the oscillation amplitude was equal to 40% of the cylinder diameter. For values of the cylinder oscillation frequency lower or equal than the natural shedding frequency the vortex pattern is similar to that observed for a fixed cylinder, whereas for higher, a more complicated aperiodic pattern is obtained. The effects of the frequency of the cylinder oscillation on the lift force, the phase angle between the lift and the cylinder displacement and on the timing of vortex shedding are also discussed.
Application of Advanced Vortex Method to Simulation of Self-Excited Vibration of a Circular Cylinder in Two-Dimensional Uniform Flow
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Kamemoto Kyoji , Yokoi Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An advanced vortex method with moving boundary condition is applied to the simulation of freely oscillating circular cylinder in a uniform flow at high Reynolds number in order to investigate validity and applicability to the analysis of the flow induced vibration problems. The motion of a circular cylinder is calculated from the motion of equation consisting of the damper c, mass m par unit length, natural frequency fn and fluid force acting on the cylinder. The fluid force is evaluated by solving pressure-Poisson equation using the boundary element method. The calculation conditions are given as the Reynolds number Re (= U∞D/v) = 105, damper c/2πmfn = 1.53 × 10−2, natural frequency fn/fK = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, mass ratio m/ρD = 5.15, where D, U∞, ρ and fK are the diameter of circular cylinder, reference velocity, density of the flow and the frequency of Karman vortex shedding from a fixed cylinder, respectively. The computational results, such as the flow pattern and motion of a circular cylinder, are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. It is confirmed that the advanced vortex method is useful to predict complex phenomena related to the flow-induced vibration problems.
Computational Navier-Stokes Solutions of Unsteady Confined Flows Based on Time-Dependent Coordinate Transformations for Unsteady Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems
Authors: Mateescu D. , Païdoussis M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents recent computational solutions for unsteady confined viscous flows with oscillating boundaries, aimed at solving fluid-structure interaction and flow-induced vibration problems. A time-integration method based on a time-dependent coordinate transformation and using artificial compressibility is developed for these problems, in order to obtain accurate solutions applicable to the case of larger amplitude oscillations, of interest for the engineering applications.
Numerical solutions are presented for 2-D unsteady confined viscous flows over a backward-facing step with an oscillating floor, and for 2-D and 3-D unsteady annular viscous flows with oscillating walls.