bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin HCl, Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Patel Darshak , Shah Ujashkumar , Patel Jayvadan , Patel Darshana , Patel Pavan 
Published: January 2022

Aims: Metformin HCl, Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin is a new drug combination for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus which is one of the oldest and lethal diseases of mankind. Aim of the research work was to develop and validate novel, rapid, sensitive, specific, robust stability indicating analytical method for simultaneous estimation of: Metformin HCl, Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in pharmaceutical dosage form as fixed dose formulation.
Study Design: Method development and validation was performed as recommended in ICH guideline “Validation of analytical procedures: Test and Methodology Q2 (R1)”.
Methodology: Method develop with chromatographic parameters as C18 column (250mm×4.6 mm, 5mm particle size), HPLC system with PDA detector and mobile phase contained a mixture of Phosphate Buffer pH 3.5 and Acetonitrile (80:20 v/v) + 1 ml triethylamine per 100 ml mobile phase. The flow rate was set to 1 ml/min with responses measured at 265 nm, injection volume was 20 µl, and run time of 15 mins.
Results: The retention time of Metformin HCl, Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin was 5.8 min, 6.8 mins and 8.4 min respectively with resolution of 3.5 between Metformin HCl and Dapagliflozin and 4.5 between Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin. Linearity was established in the range of 250-1500 µg/ml for Metformin HCl, 1.25-7.5 µg/ml for Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin with correlation coefficients more than 0.999. The percentage recoveries were between 98.39-101.66 for Metformin HCl, 99.01-101.77 for Dapagliflozin and 98.88-101.87 for Saxagliptin Validation parameters were evaluated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 R1 guidelines. The forced degradation studies were performed by using HCl, NaOH, H2O2, thermal and UV Radiation. The developed method was successfully applied for the quantification and hyphenated instrumental analysis.
Conclusion: Significance of developed method is that it can be utilize for routine or unknown sample analysis of assay of Metformin HCl, Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in pharmaceutical dosage form developed by various Pharmaceutical Industry.
Positive Outcomes of Goal Directed Cardiac Rehabilitation for a Patient Undergone Rheumatic Heart Disease Undergone Mitral Valve Replacement: A Case Study
Authors: Ratnani Grisha , Walke Rashmi , Jain Moli Jai , Vardhan Vishnu , Yadav Vaishnavi , Bhakaney Pallavi R. , Kumbhare Ruhi 
Published: January 2022

Rheumatic heart disease is one of the principal contributors that has a negative influence on a patient's quality of life and makes it challenging for them to perform their daily activities. The disorder predominantly impairs the function of heart valves, specifically the mitral valve, resulting in stenosis that can be managed by repair or replacement of the valve. The purpose of treatment is to improve the patient's quality of life. As an adjunct to that, cardiac rehabilitation and exercise therapy are used. This case study discusses a patient with mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation, who underwent mitral valve replacement. She was given with physiotherapy for a week of phase I cardiac rehabilitation and was prescribed home exercise.
The geographic scale of population‐level variation in growth and nodulation differs for two species of prairie clover
Authors: Pozzi Adrien C. M. , Shaw Ruth G. , May Georgiana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPremisePrairies are among the most threatened biomes due to changing patterns of climate and land use, yet information on genetic variation in key species that would inform conservation is often limited. We assessed evidence for the geographic scale of population‐level variation in growth of two species of prairie clover and of their symbiotic associations with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria.MethodsSeed representing two species, Dalea candida and D. purpurea, from the same five source populations were planted into an experimental site in Minnesota. We assessed variation within and among source populations in plant growth and in numbers of nodules and evaluated the relationship of growth and nodulation levels.ResultsPlant growth varied among source populations, with greater differences among populations of D. purpurea than of D. candida. We did not detect a relationship between plant growth and distance of source populations from the experimental site. Populations of both species were equally likely to develop nodules at the experimental site, but the numbers of nodules were lowest for the most distantly sourced populations. Plant growth was positively correlated with the number of nodules, and this relationship varied considerably within and among populations.ConclusionsEnvironmental heterogeneity at local and regional scales maintains substantial levels of genetic variation in plant populations within remnant prairie preserves. Further, association with rhizobia at a restoration site can improve growth of widely sourced plant populations. The in situ maintenance of plant genetic variation and species diversity provides resources for conservation and maintenance of prairie biomes.
Intratracheal instillation for the testing of pulmonary toxicity in mice—Effects of instillation devices and feed type on inflammation
Authors: Hadrup Niels , Guldbrandsen Michael , Terrida Eva , Bendtsen Katja M. S. , Hougaard Karin S. , Jacobsen Nicklas R. , Vogel Ulla 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundInhalation exposure is the gold standard when assessing pulmonary toxicity. However, it typically requires substantial amounts of test material. Intratracheal instillation is an alternative administration technique, where the test substance is suspended in a liquid vehicle and deposited into the lung via the trachea. Instillation requires minimal test material, delivers an exact dose deep into the lung, and is less labor‐intensive than inhalation exposures. However, one shortcoming is that the procedure may induce short‐term inflammation. To minimize this, we tested different modifications of the technique to identify the potential for refinement.MethodsFirst, we tested whether previous findings of increased inflammation could be confirmed. Next, we tested whether instillation with a disposable 1 mL syringe with ball‐tipped steel‐needle (Disposable‐syringe/steel‐needle) induced less inflammation than the use of our standard set‐up, a 250 μL reusable glass syringe with a disposable plastic catheter (Glass‐syringe/plastic‐catheter). Finally, we tested if access to pelleted and liquid feed prior to instillation affected inflammation. We evaluated inflammation by neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid 24 h post‐exposure.ResultsVehicle‐instilled mice showed a small increase in neutrophil numbers compared to untreated mice. Neutrophil numbers were slightly elevated in the groups instilled with Disposable‐syringe/steel‐needle; an interaction with feed type indicated that the increase in neutrophils was more pronounced in combination with feed pellets compared to liquid feed. We found no difference between the feed types when using the Glass‐syringe/plastic‐catheter combination.ConclusionThe Glass‐syringe/plastic‐catheter combination induced the least exposure‐related inflammation, confirming this as a preferred instillation procedure.
Hypothermia‐associated acute pancreatitis: A multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Takahashi Masaki , Takauji Shuhei , Hayakawa Mineji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimHypothermia‐associated pancreatitis lacks comprehensive understanding owing to limited studies exploring its mechanism, epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes. We aimed to investigate the frequency, characteristics, and predictive factors associated with the development of acute pancreatitis in patients with accidental hypothermia.MethodsThis study comprised a post hoc analysis of data from a multicenter prospective observational study (ICE‐CRASH study) conducted in 36 tertiary emergency hospitals in Japan. Patients aged ≥18 years with core body temperatures ≤32°C admitted to emergency departments between 2019 and 2022 were enrolled. We identified patients who developed acute pancreatitis within 1 week of admission and described their characteristics. Age, vital signs, and blood gas analysis data were analyzed as potential predictors of acute pancreatitis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsOf 421 eligible patients with accidental hypothermia, 16 (3.8%) developed acute pancreatitis within 1 week. The age distribution of patients with acute pancreatitis showed bimodal peaks around 50–80 years. Patients with acute pancreatitis had a higher proportion of alcohol consumption than those without acute pancreatitis. ROC curve analysis showed age and pH as significant factors; however, their predictive power was not high.ConclusionThe incidence of acute pancreatitis was 3.8% in patients with accidental hypothermia with core body temperatures ≤32°C. An association was found between the development of acute pancreatitis and alcohol consumption. No strong predictors of acute pancreatitis were identified.
Carbon‐Centered Reactivity in Carbodiphosphorane‐Based Ligands Allowing for Redox‐Non‐Innocent Ligand/Ligand Dual Bond‐Activation
Authors: Schatz Philipp , Xu Weiqin , Rynek Sebastian , Maser Leon , Heise Niels , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter , Haeri Haleh Hashemi , Hinderberger Dariush , Vogt Matthias , Langer Robert 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA pronounced nucleophilicity in combination with a distinct redox non‐innocence is a unique feature of a coordinated ligand, which in the current case, leads to unprecedented carbon‐centered reactivity patterns: A carbodiphosphorane‐based (CDP) pincer‐type rhodium complex allows to cleave two C−Cl‐bonds of geminal dichlorides via two consecutive S
Measuring health sciences students' attitudes toward persons with disabilities: Is one scale better than another?
Authors: Hartner Isabel , Brooks William S. , Sinha Tanvee , Parish Ashley , Lein Donald H. , Wylie Elizabeth , Carver Cathy , Goretzko David , Wilson Adam B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNegative attitudes toward persons with disabilities (PWDs) can lead to stigmatization and exclusion, underscoring the need for effective tools to measure and address such attitudes in educational settings. This study compares the psychometric properties of two scales used to assess attitudes toward PWDs among health science learners: the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons with Disabilities (MAS) and the Attitudes and Perspectives Toward Persons with Disabilities Scale (APPD). This research examines the internal consistency, factor stability, factor replicability, and convergent validity of these scales across different measurement occasions using data from second‐year Medical (n = 102) and Doctor of Physical Therapy (n = 39) students. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with bootstrapping revealed that both scales yielded three‐factor solutions with varying degrees of factor stability and replicability. The MAS's three‐factor structure—Affect, Cognitive, and Behavioral—demonstrated stronger internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.838) and better factor replicability (Tucker congruence coefficients ≥0.88) than the APPD across pre‐ and post‐intervention datasets. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted as a second test of replicability and revealed that neither scale demonstrated ideal model fit when applying post‐intervention data to the pre‐intervention measurement model. Convergent validity analysis indicated a medium positive correlation between MAS and APPD scores (r = 0.368, p < 0.001), suggesting only moderate overlap in the constructs they measure. When used with health sciences students, the MAS demonstrated superior psychometric properties compared to the APPD. However, both scales showed limitations and inconsistencies across measurement occasions, highlighting the need for further refinement and validation.
Metal Organic Framework Based on Photoactivated Aggregation‐Induced Emission Molecule for Achieving Photoexcitation Regulation
Authors: Ye Danfeng , Zhang Ruyi , Xu Bing , Zhu Liangliang , Yue Bingbing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLn‐MOFs, composed of lanthanide ions and functional organic ligands, are porous materials with tunable structures and unique luminescent properties. However, the interplay between ligand AIE properties and the framework's “antenna effect” on MOF morphology is understudied. Here, Tb−D‐Cam‐TPTB was synthesized via solvothermal method using TPTB (persulfurated arene) as the primary ligand, D‐Cam as the auxiliary ligand, and Tb3+ as the metal ion. Photoexcitation of TPTB, a typical AIE molecule, promotes conformational changes, enhancing molecular aggregation and luminescence. Comprehensive photophysical investigations of TPTB in solution and crystal states, Tb3+‐TPTB coordination, and Tb−D‐Cam‐TPTB MOF were conducted using various spectroscopic and imaging techniques. This study explores the interaction between ligand AIE and the “antenna effect” on Ln‐MOF luminescence and crystal structure. The results indicate that, when the ligand is a photoexcitation‐induced AIE molecule, UV irradiation of the precursor solution prior to crystal growth can alter the crystal structure, luminescence intensity, and color, holding great promise for applications in anti‐counterfeiting, sensing, and other related fields.
A prospective, phase II, neoadjuvant study based on chemotherapy sensitivity in HR+/HER2‐ breast cancer‐FINEST study
Authors: Chen Li , Wu Wen‐Ya , Liang Fei , Liu Guang‐Yu , Yu Ke‐Da , Wu Jiong , Di Gen‐Hong , Fan Lei , Wang Zhong‐Hua , Li Jun‐Jie , Shao Zhi‐Ming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHormone receptor‐positive (HR+)/humaal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2‐) breast cancer, the most common breast cancer type, has variable prognosis and high recurrence risk. Neoadjuvant therapy is recommended for median‐high risk HR+/HER2‐ patients. This phase II, single‐arm, prospective study aimed to explore appropriate neoadjuvant treatment strategies for HR+/HER2‐ breast cancer patients.MethodsEligible female patients with newly diagnosed, untreated HR+/HER2‐ breast cancer received 2 cycles of nab‐paclitaxel and carboplatin (nabPCb). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess tumor responses, and 40% regression of the maximal tumor diameter was deemed chemo‐sensitive. Chemo‐sensitive patients continued nabPCb for 4 more cycles (group A). Chemo‐insensitive patients were randomized to groups B, C, and D at a ratio of 1:3:1 to receive a new chemotherapy for 4 cycles or endocrine‐immune‐based therapy (dalpiciclib, letrozole and adebrelimab, with goserelin if patients were premenopausal) for 4 cycles or to undergo surgery. Peripheral blood and core‐needle biopsy (CNB) samples were collected before treatment, followed by a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel detection and similarity network fusion (SNF) typing through digital pathology data. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate, and the secondary endpoint was the clinical objective response rate (ORR).ResultsA total of 121 patients were enrolled (67.8% with stage III disease), with 76, 9, 27, and 9 patients in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The total pCR rate was 4.1%, and all patients who received pCR were in group A. Group C had a better ORR than Group B (81.5% vs. 66.7%). Exploratory analysis revealed that patients with the SNF4 subtype were the most sensitive to nabPCb (pCR rate of 21.1% vs. 1.8% in group A), whereas patients in group C with the SNF2 subtype were more sensitive to endocrine‐immune‐based therapy (Miller‐Payne grade 4‐5, 45.5% vs. 6.3%).ConclusionsConverting to endocrine‐immune‐based therapy improved the ORR, but not the pCR rate in chemo‐insensitive patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy are not mutually exclusive. The SNF4 subtype of HR+/HER2‐ breast cancer was more chemo‐sensitive, whereas the SNF2 subtype might be more sensitive to immunotherapy.
Adaptive Sampling Point and Q‐Learning–Based Sensing Threshold for Spectrum Energy Detection in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Boddukuri Naveen Kumar , Pal Debashish , Bandyopadhyay Ayan Kumar , Koley Chaitali 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSpectrum sensing (SS) is a significant processing of cognitive radio networks (CRNs) that enables cognitive users to detect the underutilized or unutilized primary users (PUs) and licensed users spectrum for effectual usage. The threshold value selection is a vital step in determining the state (appearance/non‐appearance) of PU in the spectrum sensing, and it has a significant impact on the detection and false‐alarm probability. When a targeted sensing parameter is achieved at low SNR, other sensing parameter considerably degrades. In this manuscript, adaptive sampling point with Q‐learning–dependent sensing threshold for spectrum energy detection in cognitive radio networks (ASSTQL‐STSED‐CRNF) is proposed. Adaptive sampling point and Q‐learning (ASSTQL) employs an adaptive threshold mechanism that adjusts the detection threshold based on the current noise conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of signal detection. The proposed approach utilizes a Q‐learning approach to optimize the sampling points and sensing thresholds. The ASSTQL‐STSED‐CRNF technique significantly enhances spectral detection performance, especially in scenarios with unpredictable noise levels. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB. The simulation outcomes demonstrate an increased probability of identification as the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) rises. The proposed model attains lower power spectral density and high throughput when compared with existing models.
The Influence of Negative Affect on Working Memory Updating of Food Stimuli Among Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Gil Meital , Latzer Yael , Tziperman Noa , Farbstein Dan , Sher Helene , Weinbach Noam 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveDifficulty updating information in working memory has been proposed to underlie ruminative thinking in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, evidence regarding updating difficulties in AN remains inconclusive, particularly among adolescents. It has been proposed that exposure to negative emotion and disorder‐salient stimuli may uniquely influence updating in AN. This study examined the influence of exposure to negative emotion on updating of food and non‐food stimuli among adolescents with AN.MethodThe study included 41 female adolescents with restrictive AN (Mage = 15.2) and 43 female controls (Mage = 16.9) who performed a modified version of the N‐back task requiring updating of food and non‐food content after supraliminal exposure to emotionally neutral and negative images.ResultsMedium‐to‐large effects revealed significantly higher updating errors among adolescents with AN compared to controls for food targets and after exposure to negative stimuli. In contrast, during exposure to both negative images and food targets, the groups performed similarly, as this condition also increased updating errors among controls. Additionally, a higher proportion of updating errors was associated with greater eating disorder symptoms severity.DiscussionThe findings indicate that exposure to negative emotion and food stimuli separately compromise working memory updating in adolescents with AN. These results underscore the role of environmental triggering cues in compromising working memory updating in AN and highlight the importance of considering ecological cues when evaluating cognitive functioning in eating disorders.
Adding to the Woes: Heterogeneous Effects of Air Pollution on Pandemic Patients
Authors: Liu Mengdi , Zhao Xin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhile the direct health impacts of air pollution are widely discussed, its indirect effects, particularly during pandemics, are less explored. Utilizing detailed individual‐level data from all designated hospitals in Wuhan during the initial COVID‐19 outbreak, we examine the impact of air pollution exposure on treatment costs and health outcomes for COVID‐19 patients. Our findings reveal that patients exposed more intensively to air pollution, identified by their residence in downwind areas of high‐polluting enterprises, not only had worsened health outcomes but also consumed more medical resources. This increased demand is primarily due to their heightened vulnerability to cardiopulmonary conditions. Using a causal machine learning method called Causal Forests to estimate individual treatment effects, we uncover significant heterogeneity across demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, with older and economically disadvantaged patients showing particular vulnerability. These findings highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in pandemic preparedness and suggest the value of targeted interventions that account for demographic and socioeconomic variations in vulnerability.
Absenteeism of Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Klootwijk Larissa , Zeyrek Eva , Njuguna Festus , Ket Johannes C. F. , Mostert Saskia , Kaspers Gertjan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSub‐Saharan Africa is facing a severe crisis in human resources for health. Primary healthcare is the most affected. This problem is aggravated by absenteeism, implying that healthcare workers are absent on duty during scheduled working hours. This scoping review maps existing literature on absenteeism among primary healthcare workers in Sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsThis scoping review complies with the Population Concept Context guidelines of Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA 2020 checklist. A literature search (Medline, Embase, Scopus, Africa Index Medicus) was performed from inception until December 2023 in collaboration with a medical information specialist. Peer‐reviewed English‐published literature was considered. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full‐texts.ResultsTwenty‐four studies were included from 7 of 46 Sub‐Saharan countries (15%). Prevalence of absenteeism varied from 14% to 49%. Causes at individual and health‐system levels were explored in 16 studies (67%) and included physician dual practices (75%), low wages (69%), and insufficient supervision (56%). Consequences at the healthcare worker and patient level were described in 14 studies (58%) and included hindered/delayed access to care (64%), high workload (29%), and increased treatment costs when patients are forced to attend private facilities (22%). Recommendations to address absenteeism were provided in 18 studies (75%) and included regular supervision (33%), performance‐based rewards/punishments (33%), and augmented salaries (33%).ConclusionAbsenteeism is highly prevalent among primary healthcare workers in Sub‐Sahara Africa. Its adverse impact on both healthcare workers and patients is profound. The complexity of different individual and health system causal factors shows that a multifactorial approach to address absenteeism is warranted.