bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of scholastic well-being: The effect of achievement emotions and instructional quality in the first year of secondary school (fifth grade)
Authors: Obermeier Ramona , Schlesier Juliane , Meyer Simon , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to their connections with positive educational outcomes, the maintenance of good health and scholastic well-being are highly relevant topics. However, to date, no studies have investigated developmental changes in scholastic well-being in the light of achievement emotions and instructional quality—although these predictors offer good approaches for intervention. A sample ofN = 667 (age:M = 10.16;SD = 0.46; 81.7% female) students was questioned three times over one year, from the beginning of their fifth grade into sixth grade, using reliable questionnaires. The results of multilevel linear growth curve modelling calculations show that a decrease in scholastic well-being during the fifth grade was induced by changes in the predictors (achievement emotions and instructional quality). Since the highest effects are evident regarding achievement emotions, support programs should focus on facilitating these aspects in secondary school children.
No computation without implementation? A potential problem for the single hierarchy view of physical computation
Authors: Kuokkanen Jesse 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe so-called integration problem concerning mechanistic and computational explanation asks how they are related to each other. One approach is that a computational explanation is a species of mechanistic explanation. According to this view, computational or mathematical descriptions are mechanism sketches or macroscopic descriptions that include computationally relevant and exclude computationally irrelevant physical properties. Some suggest that this results in a so-called single hierarchy view of physical computation, where computational or mathematical properties sit together in the same mechanistic hierarchy with the implementational properties. This view can be contrasted with a separate hierarchy view, according to which computational and physical descriptions have their own hierarchies which are related to each other via a bridging implementation relation. The single hierarchy view has been criticized for downplaying the explanatory value of computational explanations and not being hospitable to multiple realization of cognitive processes. In this paper, I argue that (1) the aforementioned criticisms fail, and (2) there might be a deeper problem with the single hierarchy view, which is that the single hierarchy view might collapse into a separate hierarchy view. The kind of abstraction used by the single hierarchy view does not seem to grant mathematical or computational descriptions but only more stripped physical or implementational descriptions.
Multiscale entropy of ADHD children during resting state condition
Authors: Angulo-Ruiz Brenda Y. , Muñoz Vanesa , Rodríguez-Martínez Elena I. , Cabello-Navarro Celia , Gómez Carlos M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis present study aims to investigate neural mechanisms underlying ADHD compared to healthy children through the analysis of the complexity and the variability of the EEG brain signal using multiscale entropy (MSE), EEG signal standard deviation (SDs), as well as the mean, standard deviation (SDp) and coefficient of variation (CV) of absolute spectral power (PSD). For this purpose, a sample of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between 6 and 17 years old were selected based on the number of trials and diagnostic agreement, 32 for the open-eyes (OE) experimental condition and 25 children for the close-eyes (CE) experimental condition. Healthy control subjects were age- and gender-matched with the ADHD group. The MSE and SDs of resting-state EEG activity were calculated on 34 time scales using a coarse-grained procedure. In addition, the PSD was averaged in delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, and its mean, SDp, and CV were calculated. The results show that the MSE changes with age during development, increases as the number of scales increases and has a higher amplitude in controls than in ADHD. The absolute PSD results show CV differences between subjects in low and beta frequency bands, with higher variability values in the ADHD group. All these results suggest an increased EEG variability and reduced complexity in ADHD compared to controls.
Schiff base as n-type semiconductor: synthesis, characterization, and diode features
Authors: Kagatikar Sneha , Sunil Dhanya , Kekuda Dhananjaya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA pyrene-based Schiff base, PyFA, with D-π-A structure was synthesized and the chemical structure was established using IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The photoluminescence studies revealed intramolecular charge transfer in PyFA with green fluorescence emission. PyFA with pyrene and fluorene as molecular units was thermally stable up to 300 °C and exhibited an electrochemical band gap of 3.5 eV. The thin films of PyFA exhibited higher carrier concentration, n-type semiconducting property, and a dielectric constant of 6.69. The thin films of PyFA displayed uniform and homogenous surface morphology, which is desirable for device application. A p-n type diode was constructed using PyFA and the diode parameters were extracted from the DC and AC measurements.
Graphical abstract
Startup Ethics: Ethically Responsible Conduct of Scientists and Engineers at Theranos
Authors: McGinn Robert E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies of ethical challenges that can confront practicing scientists and engineers in the entrepreneurial stage of the overarching research-and-innovation process are virtually non-existent. This paper explores ethical challenges that arose at a specific entrepreneurial startup: Theranos, the defunct blood-testing company. The fundamental ethical responsibilities of scientists and engineers (FERSEs) offer a framework useful for evaluating the conduct of practicing scientists and engineers from an ethical responsibility perspective. Questionable conduct by Theranos’s former top managers has been widely discussed. However, the fact that a number of Theranos scientists and engineers responded to ethical challenges in several phases of the innovation/entrepreneurial stage with ethically responsible conduct has gone largely unrecognized. Ten mini cases involving these practitioners are discussed. Their deeds reflect different harm-prevention strategies. The Theranos case suggests several ethics-related takeaways for scientists and engineers who work or may work in technical startups. Familiarity with the FERSEs and knowledge of the ethical challenges, ethically responsible conduct, and harm-prevention strategies exhibited in the Theranos case provide valuable intellectual resources for startup scientists and engineers who aspire to be ethically responsible professionals.
Plasma Exo-miRNAs Correlated with AD-Related Factors of Chinese Individuals Involved in Aβ Accumulation and Cognition Decline
Authors: Wang Lifang , Zhen Hefu , Sun Yuzhe , Rong Shuang , Li Benchao , Song Zhijie , Liu Zhili , Li Zhiming , Ding Jiahong , Yang Huanming , Zhang Xiuqing , Sun Haixi , Nie Chao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract Numerous studies have investigated the risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, AD-risk factors related miRNAs were rarely reported. In this study, AD-risk factor related miRNAs of 105 Chinese individuals (45 AD patients and 60 cognitively normal controls) were investigated. The results showed that Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-20a-5p, and Hsa-miR-497-5p were related to AD and education, Hsa-miR-185-5p, Hsa-miR-181c-5p, Hsa-miR-664a-3p, Hsa-miR-27a-3p, Hsa-miR-451a, and Hsa-miR-320a were related to AD and depression. Target prediction of above miRNAs showed that these miRNAs were involved in the generation and clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), important molecules related to cognition, and disease-activated microglia response to AD. It is worth noting that Hsa-miR-185-5p was related to both education and depression, whose decreased expression pattern in AD patients was alleviated by education and enhanced by depression, and participates in Aβ generation and accumulation. Our results indicated that certain education and depression factors can contribute to AD progression by modulating miRNA expression, implying that preventive interventions might alter AD progression in Chinese patients.
Clinical Utility of D-Dimer for Rule-Out or Rule-In of Venous Thromboembolism in Syncope
Authors: Badertscher Patrick , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Hammerer-Lercher Angelika , Mueller Christian ,   for the BASEL IX Investigators, Zimmermann Tobias , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Nestelberger Thomas , Gualandro Danielle M. , Miró Òscar , Keller Dagmar I. , Martin-Sanchez F. Javier , Bürgler Franz , Than Martin , Widmer Velina , Christ Michael , Cullen Louise , Di Somma Salvatore , Peacock W. Frank , Geigy Nicolas , Kühne Michael , Freese Michael , Salgado Emilio , Martinez-Nadal Gemma , Inostroza Carolina Isabel Fuenzalida , Costabel Juan Pablo , Mandrión José Bustamante , Poepping Imke , Rentsch Katharina , von Eckardstein Arnold , Buser Andreas , Greenslade Jaimi , Lohrmann Jens 
Published: August 2022

Graphical abstract
Fig. 1 Diagnostic performance of D-dimer using two different assays in patients presenting with syncope. A Left: Receiver-operating characteristic curves quantifying the diagnostic performance of Innovance® D-dimer (blue) and hs-Loci-Innovance® D-dimer (red) for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Right: Clinical application of D-dimer using the 2-level Wells-score with age-adjusted1 or fixed cutoffs versus the YEARS-algorithm with probability-adjusted cut offs2. B Left: Specificity for different cufoffs of Innovance® D-dimer (blue) and hs-Loci-Innovance® D-dimer (red) for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Right: Percentage of patients ruled-in and correctly identified VTE patients for different cutoffs of Innovance® D-dimer (blue) and hs-Loci-Innovance® D-dimer (red). 1In patients 50 years or younger, D-dimer concentration < 0.5 mg/l was considered negative. For patients older than 50 years, we used the formula: age in years divided by 100. 2YEARS-algorithm: assessment of only three items from the Wells-score (clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis, hemoptysis, pulmonary embolism the most likely diagnosis) and using a D-dimer test threshold of 0.5 mg/l in presence, and 1.0 mg/l in absence of one of the YEARS-items
Synergistic influence of tetraethyl orthosilicate crosslinker on mixed matrix hydrogels
Authors: Sagar Sadia , Alturki Abdulaziz , Farhan Muhammad , Bahadar Ali , Hossain Nazia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrogel is a 3D framework of hydrophilic polymeric material that quickly absorbs and retains a huge amount of water (or other fluid) and offers versatile functionality. A series of unique carboxymethyl cellulose/Xanthan gum/polyvinyl alcohol (CXP) blended hydrogels, containing both the natural and synthetic polymers, were prepared by following the blending and casting approach. The polymers were incorporated through chemical crosslinking by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The fabricated hydrogels showed all required features: non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and improved mechanical strength. The addition and variation in TEOS (crosslinker) significantly impacted the key characteristics of CXP hydrogel. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the porous structure and indicated that the pore's size and intensity were reduced with the surge in TEOS content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the successful incorporation of various polymeric strands through crosslinking by TEOS. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) highlighted the greater stability of all the hydrogels over high temperatures. The crosslinked hydrogel displayed higher thermal resilience than the uncross-linked one. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) also confirmed that the addition of TEOS content drastically enhanced the thermal endurance of crosslinked hydrogels in comparison with the neat hydrogel. All the specimens exhibited good swelling ability in distilled water during the swelling studies. This study also reflected that the addition of crosslinker in a limited amount (50 µL) has significantly enhanced the swelling but further increase in concentration hindered the water uptake. The swelling response of blends towards pH revealed low swelling of films in acidic and basic pH, but maximal swelling in neutral media. This unique pH response of hydrogels at neutral pH along with the biocompatibility made them suitable for injectable managed drug carrier.
Socially Disruptive Technologies, Contextual Integrity, and Conservatism About Moral Change
Authors: van de Poel Ibo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This commentary is a response to Contextual Integrity as a General Conceptual Tool for Evaluating Technological Change by Elizabeth O’Neill (Philosophy & Technology (2022)). It argues that while contextual integrity (CI) might be an useful addition to the toolkit of approaches for ethical technology assessment, a CI approach might not be able to uncover all morally relevant impacts of technological change. Moreover, the inherent conservatism of a CI approach might be problematic in cases in which we encounter new kinds of morally problematic situations, such as climate change, or when technology reinforces historically grown injustices.
“I miss seeing the kids!”: Australian teachers’ changing roles, preferences, and positive and negative experiences of remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Van Bergen Penny , Daniel Emily 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant upheaval in schools in Australia and internationally. The aim of this study was to map Australian teachers’ positive and negative experiences during remote and online learning. Our study took place during the first COVID-19 wave, in the early stages of lockdown. Using an online instrument, we asked 210 primary and secondary teachers about changes in their teaching roles due to COVID-19. Responses were coded for positive and negative themes using inductive thematic analysis. The majority of teachers reported negative themes (88.6%), while half also reported positive themes (44.8%). Participants reported missing their students and struggling with excessive workload demands. They also experienced difficulties tracking student progress and felt worried for student wellbeing. Interestingly, concerns about technology were less common. Indeed, 19.1% enjoyed learning new online skills and integrating IT in new ways. Implications for student–teacher relationships, mental health, and future teaching are discussed.
A taxonomy of clinical reasoning for pre-service teachers on professional experience
Authors: Loughland Tony , Bostwick Keiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClinical reflection with a focus on student impact is now a mandated attribute for graduate teachers across Australia via the capstone teacher performance assessment task. This policy move is forcing teacher educators to examine their programs to find space for activities that help pre-service teachers to develop the skills and dispositions required for the teacher performance assessment. Some of the best opportunities for clinical reflection occur after pre-service teachers teach lessons during their professional experience in schools. The data for this study were generated during the trial of a lesson feedback and reflection form for pre-service teachers in NSW, Australia. This study examined 13 pre-service teachers’ responses in 134 lesson feedback and reflection forms. A phenomenographic analysis was conducted on the responses to produce an inclusive and hierarchical four-level taxonomy of clinical reflection. These data showed that although all levels of the taxonomy were present in post lesson feedback and reflection forms, clinical reflection was less frequent than other categories of reflective practice such as causal. These findings have clear implications for the precision of the learning protocols deployed in professional experience experiences in teacher education for the purpose of fostering clinical reflection.
Improvement of osseointegration efficacy of titanium implant through plasma surface treatment
Authors: Lee Hyungyu , Jeon Hyun Jeong , Jung Ara , Kim Jinwoo , Kim Jun Young , Lee Seung Hun , Kim Hosu , Yeom Moon Seop , Choe Wonho , Gweon Bomi , Lim Youbong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel plasma treatment source for generating cylindrical plasma on the surface of titanium dental implants is developed herein. Using the titanium implant as an electrode and the packaging wall as a dielectric barrier, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was generated, allowing the implant to remain sterile. Numerical and experimental investigations were conducted to determine the optimal discharge conditions for eliminating hydrocarbon impurities, which are known to degrade the bioactivity of the implant. XPS measurement confirmed that plasma treatment reduced the amount of carbon impurities on the implant surface by approximately 60%. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the surface treatment significantly improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Collectively, we proposed a plasma treatment source for dental implants that successfully removes carbon impurities and facilitate the osseointegration of SLA implants.
Market women’s skills, constraints, and agency in supplying affordable, safe, and high-quality fish in Ghana
Authors: Overå Ragnhild , Atter Amy , Amponsah Samuel , Kjellevold Marian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In Ghana, the role of female informal traders (“market women”) in making low-cost smoked and dried fish available in urban and rural marketplaces is the key to explaining the high consumption of fish in the country. However, market women’s contribution to food security and nutrition (FSN), as well as to fish quality and safety is underrated and poorly understood. Fish marketing requires proficient distribution and preservation skills, economic and sociocultural competence, and a high degree of mobility. Fish traders face numerous constraints related to fish supplies, credit access, hygiene, storage facilities, transport, and market governance, all of which affect their incomes and may affect the quality and safety of fish. The article, which is based on semi-structured interviews with fish traders and fish consumers in coastal and inland markets in Ghana, documents how traders operate and exhibit agency to deal with constraints by activating a range of skills in their profit-making and their fish quality and safety enhancement strategies. The authors argue that policies grounded in knowledge about fish traders’ activities, skills, and working conditions, with budgets that prioritize investment in public infrastructure that caters for market women’s professional and personal needs, can further enhance their ability to supply affordable, safe, and high-quality fish to Ghana’s population.
An experimental study on the effects of friction modifiers on wheel–rail dynamic interactions with various angles of attack
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhang Pan , Moraal Jan , Li Zili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBy modifying friction to the desired level, the application of friction modifiers (FMs) has been considered as a promising emerging tool in the railway engineering for increasing braking/traction force in poor adhesion conditions and mitigating wheel/rail interface deterioration, energy consumption, vibration and noise. Understanding the effectiveness of FMs in wheel–rail dynamic interactions is crucial to their proper applications in practice, which has, however, not been well explained. This study experimentally investigates the effects of two types of top-of-rail FM, i.e. FM-A and FM-B, and their application dosages on wheel–rail dynamic interactions with a range of angles of attack (AoAs) using an innovative well-controlled V-track test rig. The tested FMs have been used to provide intermediate friction for wear and noise reduction. The effectiveness of the FMs is assessed in terms of the wheel–rail adhesion characteristics and friction rolling induced axle box acceleration (ABA). This study provides the following new insights into the study of FM: the applications of the tested FMs can both reduce the wheel–rail adhesion level and change the negative friction characteristic to positive; stick–slip can be generated in the V-Track and eliminated by FM-A but intensified by FM-B, depending on the dosage of the FMs applied; the negative friction characteristic is not a must for stick–slip; the increase in ABA with AoA is insignificant until stick–slip occurs and the ABA can thus be influenced by the applications of FM.
Follow the cloud! The impact of ICT on Italian provinces’ trade
Authors: Boccia Marinella , Ferragina Anna Maria , Iandolo Stefano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the role of digital capacities in the internationalisation processes of Italian provinces using a panel dataset built upon the territorial statistical database of ISTAT (Italian National Institute of Statistics) for the period 2014–2017. The purpose is to explore the link between three internationalisation indicators (export value, export intensity and export in most dynamics sectors) and two ICT drivers (use of e-business digital technologies, such as cloud computing, and use of social media) expected to enable firms to share information along the supply chain and to ease firms’ communication and fixed cost investment. To purge the analysis from unobserved determinants of export performance and ICT adoption reverse causation problems, the identification relies on an instrumental variables approach that addresses the endogeneity of our two variables of interest related to ICT. The results show a significant relationship between the ICT capacities related to cloud adoption and our export indicators confirming the role of e-business digital technologies in explaining the export performance of Italian provinces. The use of social media also appears weakly able to impact on the export performances indicators. These results are robust to our endogeneity checks.
Integral points on punctured abelian varieties
Authors: Siksek Samir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLet $$A/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

A
/
Q

be an abelian variety such that $$A({\mathbb {Q}}) =\{0_A\}$$

A

(
Q
)

=

{

0
A

}

. Let $$\ell $$
ℓ
and p be rational primes, such that A has good reduction at p, and satisfying $$\ell \equiv 1 \,(\mathrm{mod} \,p)$$

ℓ
≡
1

(
mod

p
)

and $$\ell \not \mid \# \,A({\mathbb {F}}_p)$$

ℓ
∤
#

A
(

F
p

)

. Let S be a finite set of rational primes. We show that $$(A \setminus \{0_A\})({\mathscr {O}}_{L,S}) =\varnothing $$

(
A
\

{

0
A

}

)

(

O

L
,
S

)

=
∅

for 100% of cyclic degree $$\ell $$
ℓ
fields $$L/{\mathbb {Q}}$$

L
/
Q

, when ordered by conductor, or by absolute discriminant.