bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the spillover effects of manufacturer-initiated reward on observers’ compliance: a social learning perspective
Authors: Liu Cuijuan , Xiao Zhenxin , Gao Yu , Dong Maggie Chuoyan , Gao Shanxing 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Although manufacturer-initiated rewards are widely used to secure distributors’ compliance, the spillover effect on unrewarded distributors (i.e. observers) in the same distribution channel is under-researched. Using insights from social learning theory, this paper aims to investigate how manufacturer-initiated rewards affect observers’ expectation of reward and shape observers’ compliance toward the manufacturer. Furthermore, this paper explores how such effects are contingent upon distributor relationship features.

Design/methodology/approach
To test the hypotheses, hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrapping analyses were performed using survey data from 280 Chinese distributors.

Findings
The magnitude of a manufacturer-initiated reward to a distributor stimulates expectation of reward among observers, which enhances compliance; observers’ expectation of reward mediates the impact of reward magnitude on compliance. Moreover, network centrality (of the rewarded peer) negatively moderates the positive impact of reward magnitude on observers’ expectation of reward, whereas observers’ dependence (on the manufacturer) positively moderates this dynamic.

Practical implications
Manufacturers should pay attention to the spillover effects of rewards. Overall, they should use rewards of appropriate magnitude to show willingness to recognize outstanding distributors. This will inspire unrewarded distributors, which will then be more compliant. Furthermore, manufacturers should know that specific types of distributor relationship features may significantly vary the spillover effects.

Originality/value
This study illuminates the spillover effects of manufacturer-initiated reward by opening the “black box” of the link between reward magnitude and observers’ compliance and by specifying the effects’ boundary conditions.
The effect of YouTube comment interaction on video engagement: focusing on interactivity centralization and creators' interactivity
Authors: Byun Unji , Jang Moonkyoung , Baek Hyunmi 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study aims to reveal the effect of comment interactions on video engagement of users in video-sharing platforms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected 87,232 comments on 647 videos of Korean beauty creators on YouTube and conducted a social network analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis.FindingsThe results present that the more evenly interactive participants write and receive replies in the comments section, the more users' video engagement increases. The more creators reply to user comments and the more reactions they present, the more video engagement increases. Additionally, the influence of the creator's interaction on user engagement increased as the number of commenting participants decreased.Practical implicationsThis study has implications for platform operators regarding comment section design and proposes interaction strategies for content creators to induce users' video engagement.Originality/valueCompared to previous studies, this study empirically verifies the influence of interactions on video-sharing platforms in detail by confirming the influence of user interaction structures and creator's participation in the interaction on video engagement.
Teaching undergraduates to develop concise and compelling scholarly communication through storytelling
Authors: Ford–Baxter Tiffanie , Faulkner Kendall 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis article reviews current librarian instructional approaches for poster and oral presentation assignments and showcases a new approach using the Pixar Pitch outline.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adapted the Pixar Pitch framework to aid students in synthesizing complex information and improving their communication strategies.FindingsLibrarians are frequently involved in teaching strategic searching and topic development in instruction sessions for students preparing to communicate research through posters and presentations. Students need to understand how to communicate effectively and prepare information for various audiences, skills closely linked to several threshold concepts in the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy. However, this area remains less taught by librarians. This article presents one approach for librarians to become involved in this instruction.Originality/valueThere is currently minimal research on using the Pixar Pitch within higher education; most use appears in publications in the communications field.
Factors at multiple scales drive parasite community structure
Authors: Brian Joshua I. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Understanding how ecological communities are assembled remains a key goal of ecosystem ecology. Because communities are hierarchical, factors acting at multiple scales can contribute to patterns of community structure. Parasites provide a natural system to explore this idea, as they exist as discrete communities within host individuals, which are themselves part of a community and metacommunity.

We aimed to understand the relative contribution of multi‐scale drivers in parasite community assembly and assess how patterns at one level may mask those occurring at another. Specifically, we wanted to disentangle patterns caused by passive sampling from those determined by ecological drivers, and how these vary with scale.

We applied a Markov Random Fields model and assessed measures of β‐diversity and nestedness for 420 replicate parasite infracommunities (parasite assemblages in host individuals) across two freshwater mussel host species, three sites and two time periods, comparing our results to simulations from four different ecologically relevant null models.

We showed that β‐diversity between sites (explaining 25% of variation in parasite distribution) and host species (41%) is greater than expected, and β‐diversity between individual hosts is smaller than expected, even after accounting for parasite prevalence and characteristics of host individuals. Furthermore, parasite communities were significantly less nested than expected once parasite prevalence and host characteristics were both accounted for, but more nested than expected otherwise, suggesting a degree of modularity at the within‐host level that is masked if underlying host and parasite characteristics are not taken into account. The Markov Random Fields model provided evidence for possible competitive within‐host parasite interactions, providing a mechanism for the observed infracommunity modularity.

An integrative approach that examines factors at multiple scales is necessary to understand the composition of ecological communities. Furthermore, patterns at one level can alter the interpretation of ecologically important drivers at another if variation at higher scales is not accounted for.
Prognostic value of inflammatory and nutritional indexes among advanced NSCLC patients receiving PD‐1 inhibitor therapy
Authors: Fang Qiyu , Yu Jia , Li Wei , Luo Jie , Deng Qinfang , Chen Bin , He Yayi , Zhang Jie , Zhou Caicun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThough immunotherapy has to some extent improved the prognosis of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), only a few patients benefit. Furthermore, immunotherapy efficacy is affected by inflammatory and nutritional status of patients. To investigate whether dynamics of inflammatory and nutritional indexes were associated with prognosis, 223 patients were analysed retrospectively. The inflammatory indexes of interest were neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) while prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and the haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet (HALP) score were considered as nutritional indexes. Patients were divided into high and low groups or into ‘increase’ and ‘decrease’ groups based on pre‐treatment cut‐off values and index dynamics after 6‐week follow‐up respectively. High pre‐treatment PLR (OR = 2.612) and increase in NLR during follow‐up (OR = 2.516) were significantly associated with lower objective response rates. Using multivariable analysis, high pre‐treatment PLR (HR, 2.319) and increase in SII (HR, 1.731) predicted shorter progression‐free survival, while high pre‐treatment NLR (HR, 1.635), increase in NLR (HR, 1.663) and PLR (HR, 1.691) and decrease in PNI (HR, 0.611) predicted worse overall survival. The nomogram's C‐index in inside validation was 0.718 (95% CI: 0.670–0.766). Our results indicated both nutritional and inflammatory indexes are associated with survival outcomes. Inflammatory indexes were additionally linked to treatment response. Index dynamics are better predictors than baseline values in predicting survival in advanced NSCLC patients receiving PD‐1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy as first‐line.
Empirical Evidence on the Incidence and Persistence of Energy Poverty in Australia
Authors: Vera‐Toscano Esperanza , Brown Heather 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnergy poverty is a temporary condition, yet a non‐negligible share of the Australian population suffers persistent energy disadvantage. Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, we observe that single individuals, single‐parent households and those with a disabled household member are at high risk of persistent energy poverty. This is also true for non‐working individuals and immigrants from non‐English‐speaking countries. Nevertheless, highly educated individuals, those living in metropolitan areas and homeowners are less likely to persistently experience energy poverty. Government investment in energy efficiency is crucial to reduce electricity bills and have healthier homes.
Board Diversity and Firm Performance: The Role of Contextual Variables
Authors: Pandey Nitesh , Baker H. Kent , Kumar Satish , Gupta Prashant , Ali Searat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examine the dynamic relationship between board diversity and firm performance in an Indian context using a systems generalized method of moments and control function approach. Our baseline analysis shows that board diversity positively influences accounting performance but negatively affects market performance. Additional analysis reveals that contextual variables, including board independence, firm size, firm age, promoter shareholdings, industry sector, women's participation in STEM education and the workforce and gross domestic product moderate this relationship significantly. We also find improved market performance after enacting the Companies Act 2013. Overall, these results highlight the critical role of performance measurement and contextual variables in the diversity–performance nexus.
Wireless emergency alerts: Public understanding, trust, and preferences following the 2021 US nationwide test
Authors: Bean Hamilton , Grevstad Nels 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn August 11, 2021, the US Federal Emergency Management Agency and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) conducted the second national test of the wireless emergency alerts (WEA) system. The first test was conducted in 2018. This study offers an analysis of a nationwide survey (N = 1056) administered in the days immediately following the 2021 national test. The analysis indicates that a substantial number of respondents do not well understand the uses of the WEA system, especially the “National Alert” message class. However, more respondents believe that the “National Alert” message class label would signal more trustworthy information than the “Presidential Alert” message class label, a finding that bolsters the FCC's 2021 decision to abandon the “Presidential Alert” message class label. Despite a lack of accurate understanding of message classes and opt‐out options, a substantial number of respondents trust the WEA system to work properly. A clear majority of respondents would appreciate device‐based public education materials about the WEA system. The implications of the survey findings for WEA system management and public education are discussed.
NADHdehydrogenases drive inward electron transfer inShewanella oneidensisMR‐1
Authors: Tefft Nicholas M. , Ford Kathryne , TerAvest Michaela A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractShewanella oneidensisMR‐1 is a promising chassis organism for microbial electrosynthesis because it has a well‐defined biochemical pathway (the Mtr pathway) that can connect extracellular electrodes to respiratory electron carriers inside the cell. We previously found that the Mtr pathway can be used to transfer electrons from a cathode to intracellular electron carriers and drive reduction reactions. In this work, we hypothesized that native NADH dehydrogenases form an essential link between the Mtr pathway and NADH in the cytoplasm. To test this hypothesis, we compared the ability of various mutant strains to accept electrons from a cathode and transfer them to an NADH‐dependent reaction in the cytoplasm, reduction of acetoin to 2,3‐butanediol. We found that deletion of genes encoding NADH dehydrogenases from the genome blocked electron transfer from a cathode to NADH in the cytoplasm, preventing the conversion of acetoin to 2,3‐butanediol. However, electron transfer to fumarate was not blocked by the gene deletions, indicating that NADH dehydrogenase deletion specifically impacted NADH generation and did not cause a general defect in extracellular electron transfer. Proton motive force (PMF) is linked to the function of the NADH dehydrogenases. We added a protonophore to collapse PMF and observed that it blocked inward electron transfer to acetoin but not fumarate. Together these results indicate a link between the Mtr pathway and intracellular NADH. Future work to optimize microbial electrosynthesis inS. oneidensisMR‐1 should focus on optimizing flux through NADH dehydrogenases.
GIRK channel activity in prelimbic pyramidal neurons regulates the extinction of cocaine conditioned place preference in male mice
Authors: Rose Timothy R. , Marron Fernandez de Velasco Ezequiel , Mitten Eric H. , Wickman Kevin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrug‐induced neuroadaptations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been implicated in drug‐associated memories that motivate continued drug use. Chronic cocaine exposure increases pyramidal neuron excitability in the prelimbic subregion of the PFC (PL), an adaptation that has been attributed in part to a suppression of inhibitory signalling mediated by the GABAB receptor (GABABR) and G protein‐gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels. Although reduced GIRK channel activity in PL pyramidal neurons enhances the motor‐stimulatory effect of cocaine in mice, the impact on cocaine reward and associated memories remains unclear. Here, we employed Cre‐ and CRISPR/Cas9‐based viral manipulation strategies to evaluate the impact of GIRK channel or GABABR ablation in PL pyramidal neurons on cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and extinction. Neither ablation of GIRK channels nor GABABR impacted the acquisition of cocaine CPP. GIRK channel ablation in PL pyramidal neurons, however, impaired extinction of cocaine CPP in male but not female mice. Since ablation of GIRK channels but not GABABR increased PL pyramidal neuron excitability, we used a chemogenetic approach to determine if acute excitation of PL pyramidal neurons impaired the expression of extinction in male mice. While acute chemogenetic excitation of PL pyramidal neurons induced locomotor hyperactivity, it did not impair the extinction of cocaine CPP. Lastly, we found that persistent enhancement of GIRK channel activity in PL pyramidal neurons accelerated the extinction of cocaine CPP. Collectively, our findings show that the strength of GIRK channel activity in PL pyramidal neurons bi‐directionally regulates cocaine CPP extinction in male mice.
Environmental drivers of harvestmen assemblages (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Neotropical rainforest landscapes
Authors: Andrade Alessandra Rodrigues Santos de , Lira André Felipe de Araujo , Salomão Renato Portela , Alvarado Fredy , DeSouza Adriano Medeiros , DaSilva Marcio B. , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of environmental conditions on biodiversity may provide cues regarding the resilience of ecological communities facing human activities in tropical forests. Under this scenario, harvestmen are among the most ideal models for understanding the ecological dynamics associated with shifts in environmental conditions. In this study, we evaluated how changes in attributes related to environmental conditions shape harvestmen assemblages in the Atlantic Forest. We assessed the effect of environmental transformation in four forest fragments with different proportions of native forest cover based on their environmental attributes (temperature, humidity, leaf litter depth and cover, and herbaceous vegetation cover) on harvestmen species richness, abundance, and composition. Overall, 865 harvestmen individuals belonging to six families and 41 species were sampled. The effects of environmental conditions on harvestmen assemblages were context‐dependent. In the most conserved fragment, there was an increase in harvestmen richness and abundance with increasing temperature. Furthermore, herbaceous vegetation cover negatively affected harvestmen richness and abundance. Species turnover was the main driver of harvestmen beta diversity in all forest fragments. With the results presented herein, we demonstrate that harvestmen species richness and abundance are modulated by landscape modifications and subsequent alterations in the environment resulting from human‐induced disturbance. Our results highlight the importance of considering environmental transformations at a large spatial scale (i.e., landscape) and local scale (i.e., environmental attributes) to design appropriate conservation strategies for Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Role of small RNAs harbored by sperm in embryonic development and offspring phenotype
Authors: Yang Chen , Zeng Qun‐Xiong , Liu Jin‐Chuan , Yeung William Shu‐Biu , Zhang Jian V. , Duan Yong‐Gang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRNA harbored by mammalian sperm is increasingly considered to be an additional source of paternal hereditary information, beyond DNA. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of sperm small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in modulating early embryonic development and offspring phenotype. The biogenesis of the sperm sRNA payload of mammalian sperm has been explored in many studies.AimsTo summarize the possible mechanisms underpinning sperm sncRNAs regulating embryonic development and offspring phenotypes.Materials and MethodsPubMed database (papers published from 2002 to 2022) was searched for studies reporting the impact of sperm sncRNAs on early embryonic development and offspring phenotype.ResultsThe sncRNAs categories and source (such as tRNA‐derived small RNAs, ribosomal RNA‐derived small RNAs, microRNAs, and PIWI‐interacting RNAs), and RNA modification upon different types of environmental exposure or by paternally‐acquired factors were summarized. The potential mechanisms whereby the modifications of sperm sncRNAs modulate embryonic development and offspring phenotype under normal and pathological conditions (such as obesity, altered glucose metabolism, and psychological stress) were discussed.Discussion and conclusionSperm sncRNAs modulate embryo development and offspring phenotype, and the resulting modifications may be transgenerationally inherited.
Current status and future directions in the development and optimization of thoracic and abdominal artificial organs
Authors: Tatum Robert , Wong Daniella , Martins Paulo N. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionArtificial organs are engineered devices with the capacity to be implanted or integrated into a living body to replace a failing organ, or to duplicate or augment one or multiple functions of the diseased organ.Areas CoveredWe evaluate the present landscape and future possibilities of artificial organ engineering by exploring the spectrum of four distinguishable device features: mobility, compatibility, functionality, and material composition. These mechanical and functional differences provide the framework through which we examine the current status and future possibilities of the abdominal and thoracic artificial organs.Expert OpinionTransforming the artificial organs landscape in ways that expand the scope of existing device capabilities and improve the clinical utility of artificial organs will require making improvements upon existing technologies and multidisciplinary cooperation to create and discover new capacities.
The roles of sub‐micron and microscale roughness on shear‐driven thrombosis on titanium alloy surfaces
Authors: Jayaraman Anjana , Kang Junhyuk , Antaki James F. , Kirby Brian J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinuous‐flow ventricular assist devices (cfVADs) are implanted in patients with end‐stage heart failure to assist with blood circulation. However, VAD implantation is associated with dangerous thrombotic complications. Our goal was to determine the impact of micron and sub‐micron scale Ti6Al4V surface roughness on adherent platelet aggregate properties under clinically relevant shear rates.MethodsWe used fluorescence microscopy to visualize platelets in real time as they adhered to Ti6Al4V coupons of varying degrees of roughness, including a smooth control, in microfluidic channels and quantified deposition using an image processing algorithm. We systematically characterized roughness using spatial frequencies to generalize results for more blood‐biomaterial contact applications.ResultsWe observed that on the control and sub‐micron rough surfaces, at 1000 s−1, platelets adhered uniformly on the surface. At 2000 s−1, we observed small and stably adherent platelet aggregates. At 5500 s−1, platelet aggregates were large, unstable and interconnected via fibrillar structures. On a surface with micron‐scale roughness features, at all three shear rates, platelets deposited in the troughs of the roughened surface, and formed aggregates. Thrombus height at 2000 s−1 and 5500 s−1 was greatest on the roughest surface and lowest on the mirror‐finished surface, as indicated by the mean fluorescence intensity.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that at high shear rates, thrombi form regardless of surface topography at the scales applied. At lower shear rates, micron‐scale surface features cause thrombus formation, whereas submicron features result in innocuous platelet adhesion. These findings have implications for manufacturing costs and other considerations.