bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidance for Introducing the Tobacco‐Free Generation Policy
Authors: Berrick Jon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article serves as a guide to the Tobacco‐Free Generation policy (TFG) for policy‐makers, drawing on experiences of negotiations regarding TFG in a wide number of jurisdictions. It explains the underlying concept: the highly addictive nature of nicotine prompts policy focus on preventing initial use by forbidding sales to those born after a prescribed cut‐off birthdate, while resisting prohibition for those in older cohorts who may already be nicotine‐dependent. The policy signals that there is no safe age for tobacco products. We examine how to assess whether a jurisdiction is ready for TFG, and then, how to maximise its effectiveness. That involves considering preparatory steps. Implementation of TFG is discussed, including which tobacco or nicotine products should be covered, on which actions there should be focus, choice of a suitable cut‐off birthdate, and the most helpful companion measures. We also outline potential pushback from the tobacco industry and others, and indicate appropriate responses.
Somatic cell reprogramming for Parkinson's disease treatment
Authors: Li Xiaozhuo , Fang Kevin , Wang Fengping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The patient exhibits a series of motor symptoms, such as static tremors, which impair their capacity to take care for themselves in daily life. In the late stage, the patient is unable to walk independently and is bedridden for an extended period of time, reducing their quality of life significantly. So far, treatment methods for PD mainly include drug therapy and deep brain stimulation. Pharmacotherapy is aimed at increasing dopamine (DA) levels; however, the treatment effect is more pronounced in the short term, and there is no benefit in improvement in the overall progression of the disease. In recent years, novel therapeutic strategies have been developed, such as cell reprogramming, trying to generate more DA in PD treatment. This review mainly discusses the advantages, methodology, cell origin, transformation efficiency, and practical application shortcomings of cell reprogramming therapy in PD strategy.
Not on My Nickel: The Aptness of Blank Check Companies for Islamic Finance
Authors: Nawaz Tasawar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis work assiduously analyses the aptness of ‘blank check’ companies, also known as special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs), for Islamic finance. By so doing, I divulge that SPAC structure terms, that is, having no substantive assets, operations, or commercial substance underlying the investment stipulate covenants that involve Gharar (ambiguity) to the degree that adulterates blank check IPOs under the ambit of Islamic jurisprudence—vernacularly referred to as Shariah. The inaptness of the basal SPAC covenants and the devoid of Gharar in financial activities under Shariah can cause collusion in the manner in which this niche faith‐based financial segment operates. It is, thus, postulated that blank check IPOs are a hard pass under Shariah jurisprudence except if the SPAC structure terms are redux to comply with the rudimentary principles of the Islamic banking business model. Jusque‐là, the outlook for a Shariah‐compliant SPAC is bleak.
Interface engineering of inorganic solid‐state lithium batteries via atomic and molecular layer deposition
Authors: Sun Huaihu , Dai Hongliu , Zhang Gaixia , Sun Shuhui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrently, conventional organic liquid electrolytes (OLEs) are the main limiting factor for the next generation of high‐energy lithium batteries. There is growing interest in inorganic solid‐state electrolytes (ISEs). However, ISEs still face various challenges in practical applications, particularly at the interface between ISE and the electrode, which significantly affects the performance of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). In recent decades, atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD and MLD) techniques, widely used to manipulate interface properties and construct novel electrode structures, have emerged as promising strategies to address the interface challenges faced by ISEs. This review focuses on the latest developments and applications of ALD/MLD technology in SSBs, including interface modification of cathodes and lithium metal anodes. From the perspective of interface strategy mechanism, we present experimental progress and computational simulations related to interface chemistry and electrochemical stability in thermodynamic contents. In addition, this article explores the future direction and prospects for ALD/MLD in dynamic stability engineering of interfaces SSBs.image
Thermodynamic Stability in Transition Metal‐Hydrogen Dications: Potential Energy Curves, Spectroscopic Parameters, and Bonding for VH2+
Authors: Romeu João Gabriel Farias , Ornellas Fernando R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSeventeen electronic states of the dication VH2+ were characterized by the SA‐CASSCF/icMRCI methodology using very extended basis sets; 11 were described for the first time. Potential energy curves were constructed and the associated spectroscopic parameters evaluated. Triplet and quintet states correlating with the V2+ + H channel are thermodynamic stable. For states dissociating into the channel V+ + H+, avoided crossings at large distances give rise to thermodynamic metastability but do not affect the characterization of the bound region. Configuration state functions with the 3σ orbital /doubly occupied give rise to covalent contributions to the bonding; the major contribution, however, comes from the electrostatic charge‐induced dipole interaction. This explains the shape and proximity of the potential energy curves beyond their equilibrium distances. Dipole moment functions and vibrationally averaged dipole moments quantify the polarity of the molecule. Spin–orbit couplings give rise to complex and dense regions of very close‐lying Ω states.
An updated review about the possibility of surveillance strategy in non‐resected mucinous cystic neoplasms
Authors: Yun Won‐Gun , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAfter the World Health Organization established a precise definition of mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) in 2000, based on the presence of ovarian‐type stroma, its clinical features became more apparent. Surgery for MCN, which primarily affects middle‐aged women with long life expectancies, is likely to negatively impact the patient's quality of life. Although recent studies have reported a low proportion of advanced neoplasia among resected MCN (≤15%), many clinicians still recommend surgery for patients with presumed MCN without considering risk stratification for advanced neoplasia. Recent studies have demonstrated that, when appropriate patient groups are established based on high‐risk characteristics, there is no difference in long‐term prognosis between a surveillance strategy and surgery. Additionally, while most guidelines do not recommend post‐resection surveillance for MCN, research indicates that surveillance of non‐resected MCN is more cost‐effective than surgery when considering the expenses of post‐pancreatectomy diabetic care. It is time to carefully consider a surveillance strategy, despite the significant misdiagnosis rates associated with MCN diagnosis based solely on imaging without histology.
Middle Ear Mechanics in the Barn Owl
Authors: Peacock John , Benson Monica A. , Field Daniel J. , Spellman Garth M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe barn owl is a common research subject in auditory science due to its exceptional capacity for high frequency hearing and superb sound source localization capabilities. Despite longstanding interest in the auditory performance of barn owls, the function of its middle ear has attracted remarkably little attention. Here, we report the middle ear transfer function measured by laser Doppler vibrometry and direct measurements of inner ear pressures. Our results illustrate that the barn owl middle ear produces a pressure gain between the ear canal and the inner ear vestibule of up to 35 dB, which is comparable to that seen in mammals. The footplate velocity transfer function magnitudes overlap with those measured in other bird species, however the differences in phase between the footplate velocity and the sound pressure stimulus indicate a middle ear group delay that is notably shorter than other birds. This work brings us closer to a more complete understanding of the physiology of hearing in a model organism in auditory science.
Multiorgan proteomic analysis of infected animal models predict potential host factors for chikungunya virus
Authors: Lin Dongdong , Tang Cong , Wang Junbin , Yang Yun , Yang Hao , Zhou Yanan , Yu Wenhai , Li Bai , Huang Qing , Wang Haixuan , An Ran , Liang Xiaoming , Yan Yuhuan , Yuan Longhai , Du Xuena , Yuan Yuxia , Li Yanwen , Lu Shuaiyao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito‐borne alphavirus that is primarily known for causing severe joint and muscle symptoms, but its pathological effects have extended beyond these tissues. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis across various organs in rodent and nonhuman primate models to investigate CHIKV's impact on organs beyond joints and muscles and to identify key host factors involved in its pathogenesis. Our findings reveal significant species‐specific similarities and differences in immune responses and metabolic regulation, with proteins like Interferon‐Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) and Retinoic Acid‐Inducible Gene I (RIG‐I) playing crucial roles in the anti‐CHIKV defense. We observed upregulated and downregulated metabolic status in CHIKV‐infected rhesus monkeys and mice, respectively. Additionally, we identified host factors such as S100 Calcium‐Binding Protein A8/A9 (S100A8/A9), Voltage‐Dependent Anion Channel 1/2 (VDAC1/2), Complement Component 3 (C3), Apoptosis‐Inducing Factor Mitochondria‐Associated 1 (AIFM1), Endothelial Cell‐Specific Chemotaxis Regulator (ECSCR), and Kininogen 1 (KNG1) that may contribute to CHIKV‐induced inflammation and hemorrhage. These insights put emphases on the importance of understanding CHIKV's impact on organs beyond joints and muscles, providing potential therapeutic targets and enhancing our understanding of CHIKV pathogenesis. This research underscores the need for appropriate animal models in CHIKV studies and informs the development of targeted therapies to address its systemic effects.
An Open‐Label Pilot Study to Examine the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Deutetrabenazine in Isolated Dystonia
Authors: Deik Andres , Aamodt Whitley , Cadet Christina , Lasker Aaron , Oliver Alexandria , Spindler Meredith , Tropea Thomas F. , Vaswani Pavan , Siderowf Andrew 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDystonia may respond to VMAT2 inhibition.ObjectivesProviding pilot data on the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of deutetrabenazine in non dopa‐responsive dystonia.MethodsDeutetrabenazine was titrated by adults with isolated dystonia. Primary study endpoints included the proportion who maintained the individual, maximum tolerated dose for 6 weeks, and how many titrated to 48 mg/day. Secondary endpoints included rates of QTc prolongation/arrhythmias, suicidality, excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive decline, and drug‐induced parkinsonism. Exploratory endpoints for clinical efficacy were assessed.ResultsAmong 15 participants, four (26.7%) withdrew early and six (40%) titrated to 48 mg/day. Common adverse events included fatigue and diarrhea. Secondary safety endpoints did not change significantly, but MDS‐UPDRS III scores worsened by ≥3 points in seven participants (46.7%). PGI‐C and the blinded CGI‐C and GDS improved in three women with blepharospasm.ConclusionsMost participants tolerated deutetrabenazine for 6 weeks, and those with blepharospasm may have benefitted from its use.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Pain Management in Musculoskeletal Disorders Across Anatomical Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zitti M. , Regazzetti M. , Federico S. , Cieslik B. , Cacciante L. , Maselli F. , Storari L. , Ricci A. , Pregnolato G. , Kiper P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe use of virtual reality (VR) in physiotherapy is expanding across various fields; however, while extensively researched in neurology, its application in musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders remains underexplored. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in pain management across different anatomical regions.Materials and MethodsThe research was conducted using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, including randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of VR interventions, encompassing immersive VR, specialised non‐immersive VR, and gaming platforms. The primary outcomes focused on pain reduction. Data were extracted from the included studies, and methodological quality was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2). A meta‐analysis was conducted using both fixed‐ and random‐effects models to synthesise the findings.ResultsFrom 1265 records, 27 articles met the eligibility criteria, comprising a total of 1191 participants. Of these, 20 studies contributed data to the meta‐analyses. Significant findings were observed for pain relief in the knee region (SMD = − 0.33; 95% CI: − 0.55 to − 0.10; I2 = 13%, p < 0.004), with particularly notable effects within the subgroup utilising specialised non‐immersive VR (SMD = − 0.32; 95% CI: − 0.62 to − 0.03; I2 = 10%, p < 0.003). For other anatomical regions, the heterogeneity was substantial, limiting the strength of recommendations for these areas.ConclusionsVR shows potential for managing pain in MSK disorders, particularly knee conditions, with significant effectiveness using specialised non‐immersive VR. However, high heterogeneity across other regions limits broader recommendations.
Self‐healing and in situ real‐time damage detection of stress‐responsive core‐shell microcapsules polymer composites
Authors: Yang Le , Chang Yi , Gao Liang , Liu Lin , Zu Guoqing , Wu Guangfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSelf‐healing technology based on micro/nano‐encapsulated materials has shown great potential in extending material lifespan, preventing performance degradation, and reducing maintenance costs. In this study, a novel mechanically responsive microcapsule is successfully prepared by in‐situ polymerization, which can be used for self‐healing of polymer composites. The core‐shell microstructure is characterized, and its stability and potential self‐healing ability is verified. The microcapsule is introduced into polymer matrix, and the epoxy fingerprint region at the preseted defect location is monitored in real‐time under stress stimulus using infrared spectroscopy, revealing the process from microcapsules rupture to liquid core materials releasing and self‐healing mechanism. Tensile tests are conducted to explore the effect of microcapsule fillers on the mechanical properties of polymer composites. The optimal microcapsule content is determined based on the comprehensive evaluations of self‐healing performance. The core‐shell microcapsules provide excellent in‐situ real‐time self‐healing capability for composite matrix damage during load‐bearing. The self‐healing under stress stimulus can better guarantee the reliability of polymer composites in service.Highlights
A novel stress responsive microcapsule is prepared for polymer self‐healing.
Stability and self‐healing ability of core‐shell microcapsule is verified.
Preseted defect is in situ real‐time detected to reveal self‐healing mechanism.
Effect of microcapsule content on composite mechanical properties is explored.
Self‐healing better guarantee the reliability of polymer composites in service.
Exploring the charge transport mechanism, electrical conductivity, and dielectric properties of polyaniline/tin sulfide nanocomposites
Authors: Faniband Basheerabegum , Chandra S. Sarvesh , Pattar Jayadev , Rao H. N. Anil , Sreekanth R. , Mahendra K. , Murugendrappa M. V. , Nataraja Sanna Kotrappanavar , Nagaraja M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the electric, dielectric poperies, and the charge transport mechanism in Polyaniline/Tin disulfide (PANI/SnS2) nanocomposites. SnS2 nanoflowers were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and were utilized to synthesize PANI/SnS2 nanocomposites by in‐situ polymerization of the aniline. PANI/SnS2 nanocomposites were composed of hexagonal nanoflowers and amorphous PANI. The charge transport mechanism was investigated by using DC and AC conductivities. DC conductivity increased and reached a maximum value at 5 wt. % sample and then it decreased indicating the percolation effect. To understand the charge transfer mechanism in the PANI/SnS2 composites, AC conductivity, dielectric properties, and impedance characteristics were investigated in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 2 MHz. PANI/SnS2 nanocomposites follow Jonscher's Power Law of disordered materials with an exponent value ranging from 0.8 to 0.9. The Havriliak – Negami model confirmed that the samples display a non‐Debye relaxation mechanism. The dielectric constant value increases with an increase in the SnS2 content. These enhanced properties of PANI/SnS2 nanocomposites suggest that the proposed PANI/SnS2 nanocomposites are the potential materials for multifunctional applications, especially in nano‐electronic devices.Highlights
Hydrothermal synthesis of SnS2 Nano flowers.
SnS2/PANI composites were synthesized by the in situ polymerization method.
The DC conductivity of 5 wt. % sample shows Percolation threshold.
Jonscher's & Havriliak–Negami fittings suggest non‐Debye dielectric relaxation.
Charge transfer mechanisms in the composites were studied using Nyquist plots.
Influence of rivet structure on the bonding mechanism and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide‐AA7075 friction stir blind riveted joint
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Li Hao , Liu Yunpeng , Bao Zhengwei , Lv Wei , Li Shipeng , Qin Xuda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper reports an experimental investigation into joining mechanism and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS)‐AA7075 friction stir blind riveting (FSBR) joints made of different structure rivets. Four types of rivets were obtained by second machining of the commercial rivet, the corresponding FSBR test were conducted. Penetration forces and temperatures during friction penetration process were collected. The joint quality, tensile shear strength, and failure mode of the four types of joints were compared. The results demonstrated that the joint quality and mechanical behavior of the FSBR joint were highly related with the rivet tip structure. Compared with the original commercial rivet, machining rectangular or triangular slots at the rivet tip can increase the cutting proportion during FSBR process, which will reduce material damage, penetration force, flash and the gap between the two workpieces. The premature mandrel breakage caused joining failure can be effectively avoided by introducing slots at the rivet tip. Rivet with four triangular grooves was the most effective, can reduce penetration force by 14.9%, increase joint tensile shear strength by 10.9% and increasing fatigue life up to five times that of original commercial rivet.Highlights
FSBR technology is firstly applied to the joining of aluminum alloy with CFRTP.
Rectangular or triangular slots are machined at the tips of commercial rivets.
Forming quality, tensile strength, and failure mode of joints were evaluated.
Probability of joining failure is effectively reduced.
Joint tensile strength has increased by 10.9% and fatigue life up to five times.
Assessing the effectiveness of the linear Drucker–Prager material model in predicting the mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) under multiaxial loading conditions
Authors: Dundar Mehmet Akif 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the linear Drucker–Prager material model in accurately predicting the impact behavior of amorphous polymers, with a specific focus on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS), a material known for its versatility and wide industrial use. The relevant material model parameters were determined by incorporating test data from uniaxial tension and compression tests conducted at the same strain rate, along with insights from the Mohr–Coulomb model. The approach employed to determine the material model parameters was validated by comparing the results of three‐point bending simulations at varying speeds, incorporating the Cowper–Symonds model to capture the strain rate‐dependent post‐yield behavior of ABS against experimental data, before being applied in the impact simulations. The comparative analysis of the three‐point bending and impact simulation results revealed that the linear Drucker–Prager model provides a more accurate estimation of the three‐point bending response of ABS than its impact behavior, suggesting that the model is better suited for predicting responses under more uniform stress states that align closely with its assumptions. The results further indicated that the material model effectively predicts the impact behavior of ABS under various energy levels, despite its limitations in fully accounting for the complexities of dynamic effects and stress states in impact scenarios. The methodology developed in this study for determining the associated material model parameters of ABS can also be applied to other amorphous polymers and can be employed in impact simulations to effectively predict their impact behavior.
Exploring the Effect of Hydrocarbon Cross‐Linkers on the Structure and Binding of Stapled p53 Peptides
Authors: Choudhury Asha Rani , Gaikwad Vikram , Maity Atanu , Chakrabarti Rajarshi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTShort‐length peptides are used as therapeutics due to their high target specificity and low toxicity; for example, peptides are designed for targeting the interaction between oncogenic protein p53 and E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. These peptide therapeutics form a class of successful inhibitors. To design such peptide‐based inhibitors, stapling is one of the methods in which amino acid side chains are stitched together to get conformationally rigid peptides, ensuring effective binding to their partners. In the current work, we use computer simulations to investigate p53 peptides stapled with hydrocarbon chains of different lengths and positions of attachment to the peptide. We subsequently analyze their binding efficiency with MDM2. The introduction of stapling agents restricts the conformational dynamics of peptides, resulting in higher persistence of helicity. The efficiency of the stapling agents has also been verified imposing these stapled peptides to adverse conditions viz. thermal and chemical denaturation. In addition, the conformational exploration of peptides has been investigated using temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics (T‐REMD) simulations. From both the unbiased and T‐REMD simulations, p53 with a long hydrocarbon cross‐linker shows a more conformationally rigid structure having high helicity compared to other stapled peptides. The rigidity gained due to cross‐linking reduces the entropy of the peptide in the free state and thereby facilitates the complexation process. From the binding studies, we have shown that the peptide having multiple short staples has a larger enthalpy change during binding, resulting from its orientation and interactions with residues in the binding interface. On the other hand, a peptide with a single long stapling agent shows less entropic penalty than other systems. Our study suggests a plausible rationale for the relation between the length and the position of attachment of cross‐linkers to peptides and their binding affinity for target partners.