bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF MACROLINGUISTIC ERRORS IN INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS’ ESSAYS
Authors: Putri Fanisa Fitrianti , Utomo Dhafid Wahyu , Fargianti Yusti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This present study tries to investigate macrolinguistic errors and to know the possible causes of the errors committed by Indonesian EFL Learners in their essay writing. This study employed qualitative approach with content analysis method. The data were taken from 40 university students’ essay and interview in one public university located in Banten province. The result of the data analysis reveals that the students commit seven types of error at the discoursal level and two types of error at the pragmatic level. In the discoursal level, the students committed run-on sentences, unawareness of logical relation, poor paragraph development, cohesion problem as well as coherence problem, improper use of discourse markers, and absence of parallel structure. In the pragmatic level, the researchers found miss-selection of lexical item and violation of the cooperative principles. Moreover, the possible causes of the errors included students have lack interest in writing; inadequate grammatical mastery; arranging ideas in a meaningful and logical order; lack of vocabulary and formulating their idea of writing. It is hoped that the result of this study can be the consideration for both the teachers when they design the material, and students to recognize their weaknesses in doing the writing and find the best solution to cope with this problem.
Keywords: macrolinguistic error; students’ essay; Indonesia EFL Learners
EXPLORING TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVE IN USING WHATSAPP APPLICATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Yulianawati Ida , Anggrarini Natalia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This research aims to report the teachers’ perspectives in using WhatsApp application in English language Teaching. This qualitative research employed case study by distributing the questionnaire and interview to five participants who used the WhatsApp Application in online English teaching and learning. This study reported that the comfortable, the reasonable cost of internet data, and the ease of communicating with the students were the importance of use of WhatsApp. The strengths of this application covered on the easy and practical application to share the information (schedule and time flexibility), the practical medium to explain the material and set the instruction before, during and post activity of teaching and learning English. The limitation of the WhatsApp covered in term of incomplete features in the WhatsApp application that the students have in their phone, some language skills that are not maximally practiced by the students, the rules that cannot be covered by the teachers and students in learning assessment and incautious checking of the students when the rules is missing. Thus, this study implied the cautious attention from the teachers on the planning, implementing and evaluation for the online teaching and learning of English.
Keywords: WhatsApp Application, Online Learning, Teachers’ Perspectives
EFL SPEAKING PRACTICE ASSISTED BY ZOOM APPLICATION DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sari Angela Bayu Pertama , Iswahyuni Dwi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A few studies have investigated Zoom application for EFL speaking practice during this covid-19 outbreak. Still, there are minimal studies that compare speaking practice assisted by Zoom with face-to-face speaking practice. Thus, this study aimed to find out students’ preference of face-to-face speaking practice compared with Zoom-assisted speaking practice and the suggestions to meet the ideal speaking practice during the Covid-19 outbreak. The research method employed in this study was descriptive qualitative research in which it used open-ended questionnaires to gather data. The results showed that 61% of the students liked face-to-face speaking practice due to social interaction, the more comfortable atmosphere, practicality (no time constraint and no internet connection issue), and support for self-improvement (improving confidence, getting more knowledge, and easier to understand). Furthermore, some suggestions related to Zoom-assisted speaking practice were to make it shorter, be on time, and give more variation on discussion topics. In summary, face-to-face speaking practice is more preferred than Zoom-assisted speaking practice. Moreover, the suggestions to meet the ideal speaking practice during the covid-19 outbreak include Zoom with some class regulations that can save more internet data and make it more exciting.
Keywords: EFL; speaking; Zoom application; Covid-19; pandemic
EFFECTIVENESS OF MINDLY IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Larasaty Gina , Fitriyani Putri 
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus has forced schools to teach online, where learning uses a variety of applications, one of which is Mindly. Therefore, the writer is interested in conducting research to find out the effectiveness of Mindly in teaching reading comprehension. Grounded in quasi-experiment method with the design pre-test and post-test, this research is conducted on the 26 students from 2 class at SMPN 1 LOHBENER. The result of the pre-test students score in control class showed that the average was 42,77 and the pre-test students score in experiment class showed the average was 47,08. The post-test total scores in control class showed the average was 60,62. And the result of post-test the total scores in experiment class showed the average was 59,08. Then, the statistical analysis showed that the value tobs was 0,9999 while the value of ttable 0,6 which means that the value of tob higher than ttable 0,9999 > 0,6 (tobs > ttable). From the result of statistical analysis, it can be concluded that tobs was higher than ttable (tobs > ttable) it means that Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) was accepted while Null Hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It means that using Mindly does not give positive effect to students’ reading comprehension
Developing supplementary reading materials to promote critical thinking for the X grade students of vocational high school based on the 2013 Curriculum
Authors: Utami Cahyani Wuri 
Published: April 2022

This research is aimed at developing supplementary reading materials to promote critical thinking as a part of the 21st-centuryÂ competencies (Critical thinking, Creativity and Innovation, Communication and Collaboration) and to reveal the effectiveness of the developed product. The methodology was Research and Development by Borg and Gall (1983). The research steps consist of three main stages; (1) preliminary study covering document analysis, classroom observation, and need analysis, (2) development covering drafting, internal experts judgement, revision, a prototype of the product, (3) field testing covering try out, reflection and interview, external expert judgement, revision, and final product. In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research. It was adapted from Qualitative Data Analysis by Miles, Huberman & Saldana (1994) that are condensing data, displaying data, drawing, and verifying conclusion. The results of the preliminary study showed that supplementary reading materials to promote the 4â€™Cs were needed. The textbook evaluation revealed that there were four chapters (chapter 1, chapter 5, chapter 8 and chapter 12) which need to be developed. In need analysis, the researcher interviewed three English teachers and nine students who were in low, middle and high level from the same class. Based on the data, the teachers and the students required the developed product. The researcher then made abound of drafts which were then revised into the prototype of the product. The developed product was tried out in class X TKJ A SMKN 1 Saptosari by having collaboration with the fellow teachers. To catch the real situation, the researcher recorded the teaching and learning process, wrote the transcripts, noted the classroom observation, and did reflection. After the final revision, the supplementary reading materials came to the final product. The try out proved that the developed supplementary reading materials are effective in promoting critical thinking. Based on the analysis, the students are able to complete the tasks that were designed to promote critical thinking ( making predictions, differentiating relevant and irrelevant information, relating different concepts, thinking inductively, and comparing or analyzing the texts).
Developing listening materials for the second-grade multimedia department students of SMKN 2 Wonosari based on 2013 curriculum
Authors: Widiyati Galuh Sekar 
Published: April 2022

The aims of this study were (1) to develop listening materials for the second-grade students of Multimedia Department of SMKN 2 Wonosari Gunungkidul and (2) to describe the effectiveness of the listening materials for the second-grade students of Multimedia students of SMKN 2 Wonosari Gunungkidul. The study applied Educational Research and Development (R&D) using simplified three steps Borg and Gall. The steps were (1) research and information collecting that was conducted by performing document analysis, class observation, and interview, (2) product and development which included drafting, internal expert judgment and revision (3) field testing which conducts tryout, external expert judgment and revision. The findings showed that (1) the listening material using Borg and Gall's model considered as effective teaching material for the second-grade students of Multimedia Department of SMKN 2 Wonosari Gunungkidul (2) the effectiveness of the listening material helped the students in improving their listening skill.Â Â
A CORPUS ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL SOPHISTICATION IN LLT JOURNAL: A JOURNAL ON LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Kusumaningrum Monica Vinny , Ardi Priyatno 
Published: April 2022

This research focused on the description of lexical sophistication in LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching. To obtain the description of lexical sophistication in LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, the researcher used a corpus software called Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES). Sixty-six articles published in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were used as the data of this study. There were five descriptions of lexical sophistication in LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, namely word frequency, word range, n-gram, academic list and word information. The word frequency (87%) showed the good amount of percentage in the articles. Word range (87%) showed the use of words in the articles were delivered properly. N-gram (35%) showed the sign of low lexical sophistication scores. Academic list (15%) showed low lexical sophistication scores. Word information (60%) showed high lexical sophistication scores. The percentage of each description of lexical sophistication showed that the academic list gained the lowest percentage among the other descriptions of lexical sophistication. It can be inferred that the academic list aspect in LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching needs to be upgraded.
INVESTIGATING ENGLISH EDUCATION MASTER STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THEIR SELF-EFFICACY IN ACADEMIC READING
Authors: Wijaya Kristian 
Published: April 2022

There is always a glimmer of hope for graduate university EFL students to transfigure into more proficient, confident, critical, and autonomous readers when they fully entrench robust self-efficacy construction at the onset of pain-staking L2 academic reading enterprises. self-efficacy can transform EFL students to be more persistent, resilient, and innovative L2 readers adaptable to fluctuating reading learning situations. This qualitative study was plied to investigate English Education Master Students’ perceptions of their self-efficacy in academic reading. Qualitative content analysis was harnessed to obtain more overarching depictions out of the specific phenomenon undergone by the participants. 31 English Education Master Students derived from batch 2019 and 2020, Sanata Dharma University also took part in this qualitative study to fill out the online Likert-scale questionnaire, and 3 out of these research participants were also invited to further participate in the open-ended interview activities. Two major findings were generated by this study namely: (1) Self-efficacy enables graduate university EFL students to be more proficient L2 readers, and (2) The lower inducement of self-efficacy may create pessimistic and struggling L2 readers.
Board Level Reliability of Automotive Grade WLCSP for Radar Applications
Authors: Lakhera Nishant , Carpenter Burton , Duong Trung , Benson Mollie , Mawer Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Wafer-Level Chip Scale Packages (WLCSPs) are becoming commonplace in the industry due to their small form factor. Applications include industrial and automotive which demand high reliability performance. Additionally, WLCSPs may be superior in some implementations to other package options for RF performance in the mmWave spectrum, which is desired for automotive radar application. But board level reliability can be a challenge for some WLCSP package due to CTE mismatch between Si and PCB. Variety of factors including PCB materials, sphere alloys, and board level underfills can influence the board level reliability of WLCSP packages. In this study the industry’s first auto grade 1 capable large WLCSP package. (~ 72 mm2 body size, 18x15 BGA array, 0.5 mm pitch) is presented. Board level underfill application was utilized to achieve automotive grade board level reliability. Underfills are typically selected based on thermomechanical properties of unaged materials. An understanding of the evolution of underfill material properties under thermal aging is important for selecting a stable material capable of meeting the reliability requirements.
This study evaluates board level underfills and edge bond materials in the form of stand-alone samples and applied to a large daisy-chain WLCSP. The underfilled daisy-chain WLCSPs and the stand-alone samples are placed in a ‑40/125C air cycling chamber (1 cycle/hour). Glass transition temperature (Tg), elastic modulus (E), and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are measured using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) on the stand-alone samples at various intervals to monitor the evolution of material properties. Simultaneously, the underfilled daisy chain WLCSPs are monitored electrically using an event detector. The combination of material property measurements and cycles to electrical failure can be used to correlate underfill material properties and WLCSP board-level reliability. The results of this study can provide material property guidance for underfill selection.
On the Effect of Stellar Activity on Low-resolution Transit Spectroscopy and the use of High Resolution as Mitigation
Authors: Genest Frédéric , Lafrenière David , Boucher Anne , Darveau-Bernier Antoine , Doyon René , Artigau Étienne , Cook Neil 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present models designed to quantify the effects of stellar activity on exoplanet transit spectroscopy and atmospheric characterization at low (R = 100) and high (R = 100,000) spectral resolution. We study three model classes mirroring planetary system archetypes: a hot Jupiter around an early-K star (HD 189733 b); a mini-Neptune around an early-M dwarf (K2-18 b); and terrestrial planets around a late-M dwarf (TRAPPIST-1). We map photospheres with temperatures and radial velocities (RV) and integrate specific intensity stellar models. We obtain transit spectra affected by stellar contamination, the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect (RME), and center-to-limb variations (CLV). We find that, at low resolution, for later-type stars, planetary water features become difficult to distinguish from contamination. Many distributions of unocculted active regions can induce planetary-like features of similar amplitudes in the case of a late-M dwarf. Atmospheric characterization of planets around late-type stars will likely continue to suffer from degeneracy with stellar activity unless active regions' parameters can be constrained using additional information. For the early-K star, stellar contamination mostly manifests itself through a slope at optical wavelengths similar to Rayleigh scattering. In all cases, contamination induces offsets in measured planet radii. At high resolution, we show that we can determine the origin of H2O and CO detection signals and lift the degeneracy observed at low resolution, provided sufficient planet RV variation during transit and adequate correction for the RME and CLV when required. High-resolution spectroscopy may therefore help resolve issues arising from stellar contamination for favorable systems.
An Infrared View of the Obscured AGN Environment in NGC 4945
Authors: Gaspar G. , Díaz R. J. , Mast D. , Agüero M. P. , Schirmer M. , Günthardt G. , Schmidt E. O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
NGC 4945 harbors one of the nearest active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which allows us to reach high spatial resolution with current observational facilities. The Seyfert 2 nucleus is deeply obscured by an edge-on disk with A

V
∼ 14, requiring infrared observations to study circumnuclear structures and the interstellar medium. In this work, we present an imaging and long-slit spectroscopic study of the nuclear region with a spatial resolution of 6.5 pc, based on Flamingos-2 (F2) and T-ReCS data taken at the Gemini South observatory. We report subarcsecond photometric measurements of the nucleus in J, H, and K
s filters, and at larger apertures. We do not detect nuclear variability. The nuclear spectra confirm that even in the K band the AGN emission-line features are completely obscured by dust. We detect a circumnuclear disk in the K band as well as in the mid-infrared N and Q
abands, with a radial scale length of ∼120 pc. The disk shows knots mostly in a ring-like arrangement that has been previously detected with Paα observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, indicating that these are deeply embedded, massive young star clusters. We present here the spectrum of one of the brightest unresolved objects (R < 5 pc), which we identify as a super star cluster candidate with

M

K

s

−
16.6
±
0.4

. For the circumnuclear region, a detailed rotation curve allows us to measure a nuclear mass of M = (4.4 ± 3) × 106
M
⊙ within a radius of ∼6.5 pc. We also report the detection of hot dust (∼1000 K) out to a nuclear distance of 80 pc measured along the semimajor axis.
A Coronal Mass Ejection and Magnetic Ejecta Observed In Situ by STEREO-A and Wind at 55° Angular Separation
Authors: Lugaz Noé , Salman Tarik M. , Zhuang Bin , Al-Haddad Nada , Scolini Camilla , Farrugia Charles J. , Yu Wenyuan , Winslow Réka M. , Möstl Christian , Davies Emma E. , Galvin Antoinette B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present an analysis of in situ and remote-sensing measurements of a coronal mass ejection (CME) that erupted on 2021 February 20 and impacted both the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)-A and the Wind spacecraft, which were separated longitudinally by 55°. Measurements on 2021 February 24 at both spacecraft are consistent with the passage of a magnetic ejecta (ME), making this one of the widest reported multispacecraft ME detections. The CME is associated with a low-inclined and wide filament eruption from the Sun’s southern hemisphere, which propagates between STEREO-A and Wind around E34. At STEREO-A, the measurements indicate the passage of a moderately fast (∼425 km s−1) shock-driving ME, occurring 2–3 days after the end of a high speed stream (HSS). At Wind, the measurements show a faster (∼490 km s−1) and much shorter ME, not preceded by a shock nor a sheath, and occurring inside the back portion of the HSS. The ME orientation measured at both spacecraft is consistent with a passage close to the legs of a curved flux rope. The short duration of the ME observed at Wind and the difference in the suprathermal electron pitch-angle data between the two spacecraft are the only results that do not satisfy common expectations. We discuss the consequence of these measurements on our understanding of the CME shape and extent and the lack of clear signatures of the interaction between the CME and the HSS.
The Behavior of HgMn Stars in the Far UV -1: χ Lupi
Authors: Monier Richard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The analysis of nine high resolution SWP spectra of the HgMn star χ Lupi obtained through the large aperture recorded by the International Ultraviolet Explorer reveals that the far-ultraviolet flux of χ Lupi remained probably constant over a timescale of about 24 hr, i.e., about 25% of the recently determined rotational period. Whereas eight spectra have levels consistent with the average spectrum, one spectrum shows a lower flux by about 15%. This probably reflects an instrumental effect, possibly a loss of the flux (the star may have slipped outside the aperture for a fraction of the exposure). The available IUE data do not rule out variations in the FUV flux.
«Wa kāna l-insānu akṯara šayʾin ǧadalan». Discusión y regateo con la divinidad en la tradición islámica
Authors: Buendía Pedro 
Published: April 2022

En la literatura árabe islámica pueden rastrearse diversos textos en torno a personajes de la Historia de Salvación que pleitean o discuten con la divinidad, como Adán y Eva, Moisés, ʿUzayr / Ezra y hasta el mismo profeta Muhammad. Dichos textos, dispersos en diversas fuentes árabes medievales, representan la recepción fragmentaria y discontinua que la rica literatura de debate medioriental tuvo en el imaginario religioso islámico, desde los textos sumerios y acadios hasta el género literario hebreo de la disputa o rīb, así como la apocalíptica apócrifa judeocristiana.
Annular Integrity Management Using PipeACOM System in Flexible Pipes
Authors: Rigon Henrique Chiaradia , Ludwig Daniel Evandro , Bertoni Fabiano , Clevelario Judimar de Assis , Ribeiro Mario Luis , Campello George Carneiro , Mineiro Fábio Pompeo da Silva 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Flexible pipe systems are extensively used in the oil and gas offshore production segment due to its ease of transport and installation, design versatility and performance, especially in deep and ultra-deepwater fields. The criticality of the system and the difficulty of having an accurate lifetime prediction using current inspection tools require the flexible pipe design to have a very high safety factor, which may lead to overdesign and/or uncertainty on the actual damage state of a pipe in operation.
The annular environment condition of flexible pipes has a big impact on the consumption of its operational life due to seawater ingress or bore fluid gas permeation. In order to better understand and mitigate the associated failure mechanisms we developed, built, and commissioned PipeACOM, the Flexible Pipe Annular Control Manifold, with the objective of connecting the annular regions of adjacent flexible pipes, control its flow and monitor the annular environment throughout the life of the flexible pipe system.
In this paper we describe the main features of the PipeACOM system, present the setup and experimental results of the validation tests performed in a prototype system installed in a production flowline at the Brazilian pre-salt fields at over 2300 meters of water depth, reaching the Technology Readiness Level of 6 based on API RP 17N criteria and earning the 2020 National Technology Innovation award by the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP).