bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gyrokinetic theory of the screw pinch
Authors: Stéfant Robert J. 
Published: July 2002

The gyrokinetic differential equation for waves propagating in a hot collisionless current-carrying plasma is derived in cylindrical geometry. It is shown that the averaging of the wave electric field over the ion Larmor circle leads to a transcendental differential equation (d.e.) of infinite order in the radial derivative. This reduces to a d.e. of sixth order when the scale length of the plasma inhomogeneity Ln is greater than the ion gyroradius ρi by a factor (M/m)1/2, where M and m are, respectively, the ion and electron mass. This sixth-order d.e. describes the properties of the two (compressional and torsional) Alfvén modes and the ion acoustic mode. When Ln &lt;(M/m)1/2ρi, the plasma can only support modes of the magnetokinetic (short wavelength) type. In the absence of a finite Larmor radius (FLR) effect, shear, and equilibrium current, we find that the correct equation to start with is the Hain and Lust [Z. Naturforsch. A 13, 936 (1958)] d.e. of second order that is singular at the Alfvén resonance layer (ARL). The ARL behaves in that case like a Budden absorption layer that traps the global Alfvén eigenmodes (GAEM) inside the plasma cavity where they are damped by transit time magnetic pumping (TTMP). The logarithmic singularity does not disappear with the introduction of the FLR effect in the Hain and Lust d.e., but only with the TTMP damping term. There is no mode conversion between the fast magnetosonic mode and the shear or magnetokinetic mode at the ARL or anywhere in the plasma. In the presence of shear and equilibrium current, the correct equation to use is a d.e. of fourth (or greater) order whose solutions descibe the shear Alfvén mode in the long wavelength limit or the magnetokinetic mode at shorter wavelengths. In the true magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) limit, both modes become degenerate.
It is shown that the slow Alfvén eigenmodes are (almost) completely decoupled from the fast magnetosonic wave and therefore the growth rates show no dependence on the poloidal number m. The quicker the current density drops from the cylinder axis, the more unstable the modes are. This fourth-order d.e. is singular at the hybrid resonances, not at the ARL. It is therefore found that no normal mode solution can exist for linear shear Alfvén perturbations in the full FLR limit.
The inhibition of [3H] inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate binding by Ca2+ is modified after long‐term ethanol treatment and ethanol withdrawal
Authors: Rodríguez F. David 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe have analysed the influence of long‐term ethanol exposure on the effect exerted by Ca 2+ on the binding of tritiated inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate to its receptors in rat cerebellar membranes. After 21 days of ethanol treatment the binding of the agonist was reduced in the absence of Ca 2+. The decrease was due to reduction in B max without any alteration of K d. In membranes from control animals Ca 2+ inhibited the binding of InsP 3 in a dose‐dependent manner by altering the affinity of the protein for the ligand. However, the inhibitory effect of Ca 2+ was abolished following chronic ethanol exposure. Five days after withdrawing ethanol, the B max recovered to control values, but the inhibitory effect of Ca 2+ was recovered at only 10 days after withdrawal. The results indicate that long‐term ethanol exposure may have differential effects on the InsP 3 binding site and on the Ca 2+ binding site, or alternatively on a Ca 2+ ‐related regulatory cycle.
Hans Adolf Krebs (1900‐1981)…His Life and Times
Authors: Stubbs Marion , Gibbons Geoff 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA symposium to mark the centenary of the birth of Sir Hans Krebs was held in St. Catherine's College, University of Oxford, UK, during September 13‐15, 2000. It was organized by Marion Stubbs, a long‐time associate of Krebs, and Geoff Gibbons, the head of the Metabolic Research Laboratory that was established for Krebs after his retirement from the Chair of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford. The speakers, from all parts of the world, were Krebs' friends and associates, dating from all stages of his career in the UK, beginning with Reg Hems, who joined Krebs in the early 1940s. The three children of Hans and Margaret Krebs‐Helen, Paul, and John‐were present. Sir John Krebs, F.R.S., Royal Society Research Professor of Zoology at Oxford, gave the welcoming address. This article was adapted by Drs. Stubbs and Gibbons from one of the same title that appeared in the program book. We thank them for their kind cooperation. We also thank Mrs. Helen Lowell (née Krebs) for conveying the permission of the Krebs' children to reproduce the illustrations in this article. ‐ William Whelan, Editor‐in‐Chief
Differential Regulation of the Secretions of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases‐1 from Human Keratinocytes in Culture
Authors: Kobayashi Takashi , Hattori Shunji , Nagai Yutaka , Tajima Shingo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo investigate the pathophysiological roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)‐1 in the differentiation of keratinocytes, we used human keratinocytes in culture to examine the gelatinolytic activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 by zymographic analysis, MMP‐9 mRNA by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, and TIMP‐1 mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Adding of calcium (1 mM) to the culture medium increased the activity of MMP‐9 and MMP‐9 mRNA without affecting MMP‐2 activity or the expression of TIMP‐1 mRNA. These results suggest that keratinocytes regulate the expressions of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 differently during the process of differentiation.
Vanadium‐Binding Protein Excreted by Vanadate‐Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Antipov Alexey N. , Lyalikova Natalia N. , L'vov Nikolay P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA vanadium‐binding protein was isolated from the culture medium of the vanadium‐reducing bacterium Pseudomonas isachenkovii by utilizing vanadate as the terminal electron acceptor upon anaerobic respiration. The protein was associated with vanadium at a molar ratio of approximately 1:20. It was purified to homogeneity and separated into three components by treatment with 1 M HCl followed by gel filtration: a protein, a vanadium‐binding ligand, and inorganic vanadium. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis showed that vanadium was associated with the protein in the 4+ oxidation state. The distribution of vanadium within the cell was studied by electron microscopy and x‐ray microanalysis of P. isachenkovii cells. The results suggest that vanadium, accumulated in special swells on the surface of the cell membranes, is reduced and excreted to the medium.
Epitope‐Tagged Constructs of the Yeast Plasma‐Membrane H+‐ATPase
Authors: Santos Carlos F. Tourinho dos , Dewitt Natalie D. , Gupta Soma Sen , Allen Kenneth E. , Slayman Carolyn W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this study, two different epitope tags (HA, c‐myc) were introduced near the N terminus of the yeast PMA1 H+‐ATPase. The resulting proteins were indistinguishable from the wild‐type ATPase in their ability to travel through the secretory pathway, as judged by quantitative immunoblotting of isolated secretory vesicles. Furthermore, there were no significant abnormalities in ATPase activity (including Km for MgATP, Vmax, pH optimum, and IC50 for inhibition by vanadate) or in ATP‐dependent proton pumping. Finally, the epitope‐tagged ATPases could support normal growth and displayed the expected activation by glucose.
Effect of Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetes on Activities of Cholinesterases in the Rat Retina
Authors: Sánchez‐Chávez Gustavo , Salceda Rocío 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effect of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on cholinesterases activities was studied in the retina and, for comparison, in other nervous and nonnervous tissues. Streptozotocin diabetes did not affect acetylcholinesterase activity in the retina but increased its activity in the cerebral cortex (100%) and in serum (55%), and decreased it by 30‐40% in erythrocytes. The butyrylcholinesterase activity was decreased by 30‐50% in retina and hippocampus and to a lesser extent in retinal pigment epithelium from rats treated with streptozotocin for one week. Changes observed in cholinesterase activities were not correlated with the fasting blood glucose concentration. The results suggest that diabetes might influence a specific subset of cells and isoforms of cholinesterases. This, in turn, could lead to alterations associated with diabetes complications.
Studies on Insulin/IGF‐1 Hybrid and IGF‐1 Growth‐Promoting Functional Region
Authors: Wang Ping , Cai Ruo‐Rong , Feng You‐Min , Zhang You‐Shang 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSingle‐chain insulin/IGF‐1 hybrid‐[Ins/IGF‐1(C)], single‐chain porcine insulin precursor‐(PIP), and B10Asp PIP were prepared by protein engineering. Their growth‐promoting activities in mouse breast cancer cell line GR2H6 are 10, 0.2, and 2 times that of insulin, respectively, and 29%, 0.6%, and 6% of that of IGF‐1, indicating that the C domain and 9Glu of IGF‐1 are important for its growth‐promoting activity. Given these results and previous reports, we propose that the C domain, 9Glu, and 23Phe‐26Asn beta bend are involved in the growth‐promoting functional region of IGF‐1.
A strategy for finding regions of similarity in complete genome sequences.
Authors: Vincens P , Buffat L , Andr√© C , Chevrolat J P , Boisvieux J F , Hazout2 S 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Complete genomic sequences will become available in the future. New methods to deal with very large sequences (sizes beyond 100 kb) efficiently are required. One of the main aims of such work is to increase our understanding of genome organization and evolution. This requires studies of the locations of regions of similarity. RESULTS: We present here a new tool, ASSIRC ('Accelerated Search for SImilarity Regions in Chromosomes'), for finding regions of similarity in genomic sequences. The method involves three steps: (i) identification of short exact chains of fixed size, called 'seeds', common to both sequences, using hashing functions; (ii) extension of these seeds into putative regions of similarity by a 'random walk' procedure; (iii) final selection of regions of similarity by assessing alignments of the putative sequences. We used simulations to estimate the proportion of regions of similarity not detected for particular region sizes, base identity proportions and seed sizes. This approach can be tailored to the user's specifications. We looked for regions of similarity between two yeast chromosomes (V and IX). The efficiency of the approach was compared to those of conventional programs BLAST and FASTA, by assessing CPU time required and the regions of similarity found for the same data set. AVAILABILITY: Source programs are freely available at the following address: ftp://ftp.biologie.ens. fr/pub/molbio/assirc.tar.gz CONTACT: vincens@biologie.ens.fr, hazout@urbb.jussieu.fr
KIND-a non-redundant protein database.
Authors: Kallberg Y , Persson B 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
SUMMARY: KIND (Karolinska Institutet Nonredundant Database) is a protein database where identical sequences, both full length and partial, have been removed. The database contains nearly 274 900 sequences, half of which originate from the protein sequence databases Swissprot and PIR, while the other half come from translated open reading frames in GenPept and TrEMBL. AVAILABILITY: KIND is downloadable from ftp://ftp.mbb.ki.se/pub/KIND.
Comparative in-vitro activity of levofloxacin, other fluoroquinolones, doxycycline and erythromycin against Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis
Authors: Ullmann U. , Schubert S. , Krausse R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The susceptibility of 56 Ureaplasma urealyticum and 57 Mycoplasma hominis strains to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, doxycycline and erythromycin was determined by an agar dilution method. The reference strain used was M. hominis PG 21. Agar plates containing serial dilutions of antibiotics (range 0.03-16 mg/L), and control plates (without antibiotics) were inoculated with bacteria suspended in modified Shepard's broth using a multipoint inoculator. Levofloxacin showed greater activity against all U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains compared with all other antibiotics tested. The MIC 90 values for U. urealyticum were as follows: levofloxacin, 1 mg/L; ofloxacin, 2 mg/L; ciprofloxacin, 4 mg/L; fleroxacin, 4 mg/L; doxycycline, 1 mg/L; erythromycin, 8 mg/L. The MIC 90 s for M. hominis were: levofloxacin, 1 mg/L; ofloxacin, 2 mg/L; ciprofloxacin, 4 mg/L; fleroxacin, 4 mg/L; doxycycline, 4 mg/L; erythromycin, ≥16 mg/L. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that levofloxacin may be useful in the treatment of mycoplasma genital infections.
Sudden Conjunctivitis, Lymphopenia, and Rash Combined With Hemodynamic Changes (SCoRCH) After Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Use
Authors: O’Brian Madeleine , Rose Elysha K. , Mauskar Melissa M. , Dominguez Arturo R. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) hypersensitivity reaction, ranging from circulatory shock to aseptic meningitis and respiratory failure, is a potentially life-threatening condition with dermatologic relevance.ObjectiveTo describe the mucocutaneous findings and clinical features of TMP-SMX hypersensitivity reaction.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective case series study of 7 patients who developed a characteristic rash, hemodynamic changes, and end-organ dysfunction after treatment with TMP-SMX at a large university hospital system during January 2013 to March 2022.ExposuresTreatment with TMP-SMX within 2 weeks of the reaction.Main Outcome and MeasuresDescriptions of the condition, including the demographic information of the affected population, the reaction timeline, and mucocutaneous and clinical features.ResultsThe cohort comprised 7 patients (median [range] age, 20 [15-66] years; 4 female and 3 male). The most common mucocutaneous findings were generalized sunburn-like erythema without scale, conjunctivitis, and mild facial and acral edema. Three patients had previous exposure to TMP-SMX and developed symptoms in 1 day or less, while those without prior exposure presented from 4 to 11 days after drug initiation. Among the 7 patients, 6 had fever, 7 had hypotension, and 7 had tachycardia. All patients had lymphopenia and evidence of end-organ dysfunction with either kidney or liver involvement. Median (range) time to resolution was 72 (48-96) hours.Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective case series indicates that SCoRCH (sudden conjunctivitis, lymphopenia, and rash combined with hemodynamic changes) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute generalized sunburn-like erythema, conjunctivitis, systemic symptoms, and hemodynamic changes in the setting of recent TMP-SMX use.
Association of visual display terminal time with prevalence of temporomandibular disorder among Japanese workers
Authors: Zaitsu Takashi , Inoue Yuko , Oshiro Akiko , Nishiyama Akira , Kawaguchi Yoko , Aida Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Visual display terminal (VDT) time has been reported to affect the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). However, no study has investigated the association between VDT time at and outside of work with TMDs Adjusting for known TMJ risk factors. This study aimed to investigate whether TMDs were associated with VDT time at and outside of work after adjusting for various working conditions in Japanese workers.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was based on an internet survey of 3930 workers (2057 men and 1873 women), The TMD Screening Questionnaire (SQ-TMD), occupational factors, VDT time at and outside of work, psychosocial factors, and habits were assessed. We applied logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of VDT time on SQ-TMD with adjustment for confounders.

Results
The mean age of the respondents was 43.3 ± 11.7 years, and 778 (19.8%) and 3152 (80.2%) subjects were at high and low TMD-related symptoms (TRS). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for all covariates (Model 2), the prevalence of high TRS was significantly higher among those with VDT time at work of 60–179 min (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.18–1.94), 180–359 min (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.00–1.62), and more than 360 min (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.10–1.88) compared to those with 0–59 min. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of high TRS for VDT time outside of work.

Conclusion
VDT time at work, but not VDT time outside of work, influences the prevalence of TRS. Since the association between VDT time at work and the prevalence of TRS was found even after adjusting for sociopsychological factors and habits generally associated with TMD, further investigation of other factors is needed.
Liquid Core Nanoparticle with High Deformability Enables Efficient Penetration across Biological Barriers
Authors: Wang Chun , Xiao Jian , Hu Xinyue , Liu Qi , Zheng Yadan , Kang Ziyao , Guo Dongsheng , Shi Linqi , Liu Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiological barriers significantly limit the delivery efficiency of drug delivery systems, resulting in undesired therapeutic effects. When designing a delivery system with optimized penetration behavior across the biological barriers, mechanical properties, such as deformability, are emerging as important parameters that need to be considered, although they are usually neglected in current research. Herein, a liquid core nanoparticle (LCN) composed of a polymer‐encapsulated edible oil droplet is demonstrated. Owing to the unique structure in which the liquid oil core is encapsulated by a layer of highly hydrophilic and cross‐linked polymer, the LCN exhibits high mechanical softness, making it deformable under external forces. With high deformability, LCNs can effectively penetrate through several important biological barriers including deep tumor tissue, blood–brain barriers, mucus layers, and bacterial biofilms. Moreover, the potential of the LCN as a drug delivery system is also demonstrated by the loading and release of several clinical drugs. With the capability of penetrating biological barriers and delivering drugs, LCN provides a potential platform for disease treatments, particularly for those suffering from inadequate drug penetration.
Tunable, Homoepitaxial Hyperbolic Metamaterials Enabled by High Mobility CdO
Authors: Cleri Angela J. , Nolen J. Ryan , Wirth Konstantin G. , He Mingze , Runnerstrom Evan L. , Kelley Kyle P. , Nordlander Joshua , Taubner Thomas , Folland Thomas G. , Maria Jon‐Paul , Caldwell Joshua D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPropagating light exhibits hyperbolicity in strongly anisotropic materials where the principal components of the dielectric tensor are opposite in sign. While hyperbolicity occurs naturally in anisotropic polar dielectrics, wherein optical phonons along orthogonal crystal axes are nondegenerate, such optical anisotropy can also be engineered in hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs): thin film superlattices of alternating dielectric and metallic layers. Contrasted with the severely limited tunability of natural hyperbolic materials, the hyperbolic behavior of HMMs can be tailored significantly both through superlattice design and material selection. However, so far HMMs have suffered from high optical losses, hindering their performance. In this report, broadly tunable (λ = 2–5 µm) Type I and II hyperbolic modes with low losses (quality (Q)‐factors up to 19.7) are observed through attenuated total reflectance measurements of monolithic, homoepitaxial superlattices of high‐ and low‐doped cadmium oxide (CdO). Further, the low losses offered by CdO enable the first demonstration of real‐space imaging of hyperbolic plasmon polaritons in nanoresonators by scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy—previously only possible for hyperbolic phonon polariton materials. Tunable, low‐loss CdO HMMs promise designability for applications such as on‐chip photonics, super‐resolution imaging (hyperlensing), enhanced emission, novel emitter designs, and possibly quantum nanophotonic and time variant metasurfaces.
Synthesis of Ethyl 3‐(1‐Acetyl‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐2,2‐difluoropropanoate from N‐Allyl‐N′‐benzylideneacetohydrazide and Ethyl 2‐Bromo‐2,2‐difluoroacetate
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhu Wenjing , Yu Xiao , Liu Hongyan , Zhang Zenghui , Zhang Mei , Zhao Jinbo , Wang Yacong , Xia Chengcai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA route for cyclization reaction of N‐allyl‐N′‐benzylideneacetohydrazide and ethyl 2‐bromo‐2,2‐difluoroacetate to synthesize 3‐(1‐acetyl‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐2,2‐difluoropropanoate has been developed. This methodology features mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance, providing a direct approach for the preparation of dihydropyrazoles.magnified image
Oncogenic RAS Networks Suppression: Reversibly Ionic Oligonucleotide‐Based Nanoparticles Caged microRNA‐143 Inhibit KRAS‐Mutated Colon Cancer Growth in Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Miyamoto Noriko , Kawasaki Riku , Sakuragi Mina , Yamana Keita , Isozaki Hinata , Kawamura Shogo , Akiba Isamu , Kitade Yukio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOncogenic RAS has been a particular focus of attention as a pharmacological target over the last four decades. Tumor‐suppressor microRNA‐143 (miR‐143) silences oncogenic KRAS networks, but it requires a nucleic acid delivery vehicle for clinical application. DNA‐ or RNA‐based nucleic acid structures (NASs) are attractive as vehicles that can form unique sequence‐based structures. However, for the biological application of NASs, it is still challenging to create a nanostructure that is stable under physiological conditions by reducing intramolecular repulsion due to negative charges. Here, a novel NAS (named RIONmiR‐143: reversibly ionic oligonucleotide‐based nanoparticles caged miR‐143) is created by self‐assembly involving hybridization and electrostatic interaction via chemically modified oppositely charged ion oligonucleotides. RIONmiR‐143 are nanoparticles of about 70 nm in diameter with improved nuclease resistance under physiological conditions. Moreover, RIONmiR‐143 inhibit the expression of proteins in KRAS networks and cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner in KRAS‐mutated DLD‐1 cells. The anti‐tumor activity of RIONmiR‐143 is demonstrated in a DLD‐1 cell‐bearing mouse model, with a fourfold decrease in tumor volume compared with NakedmiR‐143. This report presents RIONmiR‐143 as a new option for oncogenic KRAS‐targeting medicine, which can be used as a potent nucleic acid delivery platform.
Internally Structured Conductive Composite for Reliable Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Park Jeonghwan , Myung Jin Suk , Cho Duho , Kim Taesu , Lee Su Yeon , Kim Yunseok , Choi Youngmin , Jung Sungmook 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDesigning reliable stretchable electronic devices is challenging as the stress caused by stretching deformation hinders material performances. Furthermore, electrode resistance considerably increases upon stretching, thereby distorting electrical signals and causing errors. Herein, a hydrophilic solution process for fabricating a stretchable conductive composite is reported. This process forms an internal structure that improves conductivity by concentrating conductive fillers to create a conductive path. It also minimizes changes in the electrical properties during stretching, which maximizes the elastic durability. The rate of change in resistance and decrease in conductivity of the composite are significantly low, and performance remains consistent and reliable. The conductive composite paste can be applied to direct writing, simplifying patterning processes.