bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefit Legal Entities in Italy: An Overview
Authors: Speranzin Marco 
Published: October 2022

Benefit legal entities combine the normal logic of profit-making with corporate sustainability. They pursue, in addition to the profit purpose, one or more aims of common benefit to be indicated in the articles of association relating to the corporate activity. An initial question is whether the pursuit of these joint objectives (i.e., profit and social responsibility) is reserved solely to benefit corporations and whether (and to which extent) non-benefit legal entities are excluded from pursuing these dual aims. As regards the notion of common benefit, its specification in the articles of association raises some significant legal issues. Firstly, it affects the assessment of the directors’ duty of care; they are required to balance the interests of the shareholders with those other interests provided for in the by-laws, and consequently such balance has potential implications on directors’ liability. Secondly, stakeholders adversely affected by the entity’s failure to achieve those common benefit aims must be protected, but it is difficult to assess how. Finally, setting out a corporation’s common benefit could trigger, under certain conditions, the exit right of dissenting shareholders following the acquisition or loss of the «benefit status».
benefit legal entities, directors’ duties, exit right, legal entities pursuing common benefit purposes
Cross-border Insolvency Protocols: Cooperation, Coordination, and Communication Duties under the European Insolvency Regulation Recast
Authors: Madaus Stephan , Casasola Oriana 
Published: October 2022

Cross-border insolvency protocols are a practical phenomenon developed at the international level in the last 30 years. These protocols are agreements entered by the insolvency practitioners to facilitate cooperation and communication between insolvency practitioners and courts involved in cross-border insolvency proceedings. Protocols have been mentioned but not regulated by the European Insolvency Regulation Recast.
This contribution seeks to analyse the aims, principles, and standard features of the protocols emerging in practice. Second, it aims to evaluate how this phenomenon fits with the duties of cooperation, coordination, and communication within the European Insolvency Regulation Recast to define the scope and role of protocols within the EU member states.
Cross-border insolvency, protocols, transnational, cooperation, coordination, communication, European Insolvency Regulation
The Choice of the Shari’a as Governing Law in Arbitration Proceedings
Authors: Vito Russo Tommaso , Donno Gianluca de 
Published: October 2022

The paper aims at offering an understanding of Shari’a as an evolving legal system and the challenges that are posed to scholars by the choice of Shari’a as governing law. In particular, after having provided a critical overview of the UK case law concerning the enforceability of the reference to Shari’a in cross-border Islamic financial transactions, the Authors problematize the argument of the refusal to apply Shari’a on the assumption that non-State laws cannot be incorporated into an agreement as lex contractus by highlighting how it seems flawed by the lack of reliance upon a hermeneutical method able to promote the interpreting activity as a unitary procedure of joint interpretation of facts and legal principles in both an axiological and a systematic perspective.
Islamic law, Islamic finance law, interpretation, standardization, enforceability, arbitration, Riba, Shari’a, public order, comparative law
Obsolescing Bargain and Economic Equilibrium in International Energy Investment Contracts
Authors: Reza Younesi Hamid 
Published: October 2022

This article examines the concepts of obsolescing bargain and economic equilibrium in international energy investment contracts. Equilibrium means the balance of interests that the parties’ contract embodies. Part of the idea of equilibrium is to entrench a way to keep their interests in harmony. Equilibrium is the point that host governments and foreign investors reach at the time when they strike the bargain. The equilibrium is stable if it is resilient to events which challenge it and have the potential of disrupting the balance. The point to the obsolescing bargain model is that the equilibrium is inherently unstable and therefore, there is a need for a proper framework surrounding the investment contract in order to reinforce the stability of the equilibrium. This is the key point the obsolescing bargain model makes in relation to the instability of the contractual equilibrium. If we look at it such relationship as a one-off set of rights and duties, then it is unstable. But, instead if we look at the equilibrium as a relationship that is dynamic and evolves, then it can be stable. This article underscores the significance of maintaining equilibrium in the relation of foreign investor and host state to avoid obsolescing bargain and international investment disputes.
Economic equilibrium, foreign investor, host state, international energy investment contracts, obsolescing bargain, risk of expropriation, international investment disputes, contractual flexibility, allocation of risk, contractual stability
Legislation Comment: The EU’s Attempt for a High-Quality Securitisation Market: A Success Story?
Authors: Byttebier Koen , Troyer Jolien De 
Published: October 2022

This Comment discusses the new regulatory framework for securitisation operations in the European Union. In 2017, the EU adopted two Regulations to support the securitisation market: Regulation 2017/2402, also known as the ‘Securitisation Regulation’, and Regulation 2017/2401, also known as the ‘Securitisation Prudential Regulation’. These regulations introduced the so-called ‘STS-requirements’, being requirements for simple, transparent, and standardised securitisations that are considered of high quality in the securitisation market.
The aim of this article is to assess whether the EU’s attempt for establishing a high-quality securitisation market has been successful and to identify which problems remain after said attempts for installing a more flexible regulatory framework.
Securitisation, European Union, STS, Regulation 2017/2401, Regulation 2017/2402, simplicity, transparency, standardisation, high quality securitisations
Reliance on Non-tariff Measures for Self-Reliant India: An Analysis of India’s New Trade Policy Orientation
Authors: Singh Surendar , K. Mishra Utkarsh 
Published: October 2022

With the introduction of the Self-Reliant India initiative, the Government of India (GOI) has underlined the importance of trade policy instruments to augment the capabilities of the domestic manufacturing sector. It has used both tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs) but NTMs have emerged as an important instrument of India’s trade strategy under the Self-Reliant India initiative. This article analyses selected NTMs i.e., import monitoring mechanism, quality standards (QSs), and changes in Rules of Origin (RoO) to understand the broader orientation of India’s trade policy. Findings demonstrate that the introduction of these NTMs are aimed at fostering a strong ecosystem for NTMs to restrict imports thereby extending protection to the domestic industry from international competition. It also reflects that India’s broad trade policy orientation is gradually moving towards a protectionist regime under the ‘self-reliant’ agenda.
Trade policy, Non-Tariff measures, Non-Tariff Barriers, Import monitoring system, Quality standards, Rules of origin, Self-Reliant, etc.
Playing the Game: The EU’s Proposed Regulation on Foreign Subsidies
Authors: Tokas Marios 
Published: October 2022

The objective of ‘level playing field’ has become increasingly more present in international trade affairs. The European Union (EU) has recently embarked on a quest to promote and protect the level playing field within and outside the borders of the internal market. The most recent manifestation of this objective is the regulation of foreign subsidies, i.e., subsidies provided by non-EU countries to undertakings operating within the EU. The European Commission issued its proposal for a new Regulation with the goal of tackling distortions to the level playing field caused by foreign subsidies. The present article introduces the major concepts of the Proposal and provides a comparative analysis with EU State Aid law and the WTO Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) Agreement. Further, it pursues an economic analysis of the anticipated impact of the Proposal with a view of examining whether the Proposal is capable of addressing global distortions caused by foreign subsidies and ensure a level playing field. Lastly, the article examines the compatibility of the Proposal with Article 32.1 of the SCM Agreement.
Trade Remedies, WTO Law, Subsidies, Treaty Interpretation, EU Law, International Trade Law
PROBLEMATIKA UU CIPTA KERJA DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PERIZINAN USAHA BERBASIS RESIKO (RISK BASED LICENCING)
Authors: Susanto Irwan , Ikhwan M Nur , Nugara Nugara 
Published: October 2022

Investasi dalam bentuk kegiatan usaha merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Rumitnya proses perizinan usaha di Indonesia masih menjadi masalah terhambatnya pertumbuhan investasi. Pemerintah mengeluarkan Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja yang dikenal dengan “UU Cipta Kerja” dengan harapan dapat mewujudkan proses perizinan yang terintegrasi, mudah dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kondisi perizinan di Indonesa dan permasalahan apa saja yang sedang ataupun mengkin dihadapi dalam penerapan UU Cipta Kerja dengan metode yuridis normative. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa implementasi UU Cipta Kerja merubah paradigma perizinan yang mulanya berbasis izin (license-based) menjadi berbasis risiko (risk-based). Sehingga perizinan berfokus pada standarisasi pelaksanaan usaha serta memaksimalkan pemanfataan teknologi informasi melalui kewajiban penggunaan Online Single Submission (OSS). Permasalahan yang muncul yaitu terkait dengan disparitas tujuan UU Cipta Kerja serta standarisasi resiko yang belum dijelaskan secara terperinci untuk setiap kategori usaha sesuai dengan Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha Indonesia (KBLI)
PAKISTAN’S PANDEMIC RESPONSE: AN OVERVIEW OF THE FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19
Authors: Naseer Nayyar 
Published: October 2022

Pakistan registered its first COVID-19 related deaths in last week of February 2020. South Asia as a region remained considerably affected by the deadly pandemic with countries like India, Iran and Bangladesh registering a high rate of fatalities and alarming rise in positive cases. Initial impact of the disease on Pakistan was quite severe and with a weak economy and broken public health system, it was anticipated that Pakistan might not be able to withstand the economic, social and psychological impact of the pandemic. However, the Pakistan government adopted the whole-of-the-nation approach by integrating its well-organized military institution along with other state and civilian institutions and tackled the pandemic proactively. The paper, using the Explanatory Case Study technique, analyses Pakistan’s dynamic response mechanism from February to October 2020, referred to as “First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic”. The conclusions show that Pakistan orchestrated a coherent response mechanism by creating an effective governance structure, integrating multiple institutions, resorting to smart lockdowns, taking pro-poor economic measures and converting the challenges into opportunities by making indigenous COVID-19 related medical innovations through research universities. Capacity building of testing facilities, protective equipment and specialized patient care coupled with awareness through effective media campaigns paid rich dividends. Implementation of coordinated and effective response measures not only restricted the disease spread but also helped in sustaining the fragile economy of the country.
Changing Representation: The Vote of Non-­citizen Immigrant Residents in Their New Homeland
Authors: Rashkova Ekaterina R. 
Published: October 2022

Changing Representation: The Vote of Non-citizen Immigrant Residents in Their New Homeland
Living in a globalized world, where millions of people no longer live in their countries of birth, we ought to be asking ourselves whether and to what extent the traditional model of representative democracy is changing or needs to change. In particular, to what extent do citizens who live abroad participate in the democratic processes of their home country, and, conversely, what is the relationship with the electoral options in their new homelands? This research note explores the latter aspect by focusing on the Dutch national election held in March 2021. Based on a small sample of survey data, this exploratory analysis shows that non-citizen residents largely support less-established parties that have positioned themselves as parties that want to innovate and bring about new politics. This finding suggests that allowing immigrants to vote at national elections could have a visible impact on election outcomes.
Exploring Mediating Motivations for Muslims’ Electoral Preferences
Authors: Azabar Samira , Thijssen Peter 
Published: October 2022

Exploring Mediating Motivations for Muslims’ Electoral Preferences
Research has revealed that a significant part of Muslims cast a vote for a left party, on the one hand, and/or a preferential vote(s), on the other, but the underlying explanatory factors remain unclear. Based on mediation analyses, we test whether the ‘left-wing tendency and personalization of the Muslim vote’ are motivated by specific considerations related to the Michigan model (issues, candidates, party evaluation) and/or minorities-specific factors (religion and political alienation) vis-à-vis non-Muslims. For this purpose, we focus on the electoral preferences of Muslims in Belgium based on mock ballot data connected to an exit poll for the Belgian local elections in 2018. Our structural equation analyses reveal that issues are particularly relevant for Muslims compared with non-Muslims when explaining the leftist vote. Furthermore, neither the Michigan model nor the minorities-specific variables seem to explain Muslims’ preferential voting vis-à-vis non-Muslims. Consequently, using in-depth interviews with Muslims, we further unravel these motivations and the decision-making process leading to their vote choices.
Peningkatan Motivasi Wirausaha pada Kelompok Ibu-ibu Aisyiyah PRA Tamantirto Selatan
Authors: Bintoro Muchamad Imam , Kusumawati Rita 
Published: October 2022

The partner in this community service program is “PRA Aisyiyah Tamantirto Selatan”. In addition to routine activities, namely the Sunday morning recitation which took place at the Khoirul Ummi Kasihan Mosque, several activities were also organized by the management of PRA Tamantirto including encouraging its members to actively play a role in improving family welfare in the economic field, namely becoming an entrepreneur. The problem faced by partners is that some members do not yet have the motivation to become entrepreneurs. Members who already have a business, their business management capabilities are still limited/less. Another problem that appears is that members' financial literacy is still relatively low. To overcome these problems, several trainings were held, namely entrepreneurial motivation training, food processing training, business management training and the provision of production equipment grants. The result of this program is that all activities run smoothly, participants are actively involved, and participants' motivation to become entrepreneurs increases This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license.
Workshop “Urgensi Transformasi Pergruan Tinggi di Era Globalisasi” Pada Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Pagar Alam dan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Pagar Alam
Authors: Syahri Riduan 
Published: October 2022

Pengabdian / workshop ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada mahasiswa, dosen dan admin di sekolah tinggi ilmu Tarbiyah Pagar Alam dan Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi dan Bisnis Pagar Alam untuk dapat mampu mengoperasikan penggunaan sistem inforasi akademik / SIMAK kampus dengan baik dan berkesinambungan. SIMAK Sistem yang dibangun adalah jenis sistem informasi 2 in 1 ( dua kampus dalam satu sistem). Metode penyampaian materi dilaksanakan selama 1 hari dengan metode cerama, diskusi dan praktikum yang di lakukan secara angsung kepada mahasiswa, dosen dan admin. Berdasarkan pelaksanaanya dapat di simpulkan bahwa mahasiwa, dosen dan admin sudah memahami tentang alur atau tata-cara penggunaan atau pengoperasian sistem yang telah di bangun. Pengabdian yang sudah di laksanakan semoga menjadi inspirasi kepada kampus untuk memanfaatkan teknologi di seluruh bidang pendidikan khususnya di STIT dan STEBIS Pagar Alam
Financial Control Behaviours a Strategy For Small and Medium Sized Business To Survive During The Covid 19 Pandemic in Pondok Melati District,Bekasi City West Java
Authors: Andaningsih IGP Ratih , Setyowati Tantyo 
Published: October 2022

The Author in conducting this study wanted to find out how far the financial controlling behaviour have to increase quality financial in cash flow and understand the nature and scope of financial control and its important role both inside and outside organization of MSMEs in the creative economy in improving the MSMEs at Podok Melati area, Bekasi City,West Java During the Covid 19 Pandemic. The Purpose of this study isto better understand how far this qualitative descriptive research uses the content method with 25 informants on the results of long distanceinterviews from representative to financial control behaviour be able to evaluating financial performance of MSMEs actors in the Pondokmelati area sub district,Bekasi City,West Java to better understand financial controlling full empowerement properly and optimally.This research is very useful and helps MSME enterpreneurship who will increae their productivity financial performance in the creative economy,especially creative industry sector improvement of MSME business performance through a program to strenghthen MSMEs Financial control behaviour and management performance through a quality creative economic network in the creative industry sector of the small and medium business industry which is maximal and productive limitation of the the study.Research limitation in the importance of implementating,understanding and practical implementation in implementing financial and management controlling networks,especially for business unit services in the Pondok Melati area,Bekasi City,West Java.The contribution of this resarch is to improve MSMEs Financial controlling behaviour understand economic value added approaches to evaluating economic perormance and be able to compute profit quality and management quality through the creative economy of the creative industry sector a strong and profesional manner. The result of this study include financial check up and management control of MSMEs through MSME performance productivity and optimizing the growth of MSMEs business service networks and MSMEs financial and management controlling program in an integrated creative industry of economy.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efektifitas Pengelolaan Dana Desa pada Desa-Desa di Mayong, Jepara
Authors: Nugroho Prihasantyo Siswo 
Published: October 2022

The management of village funds is a responsibility that must be carried out by the village government as the administrative actor, and also as the manager of village funds to the community who benefit from the use of the village funds. Implementation of Transparency to the public is open about information to the public, and if the public needs this information, the public will immediately get it. With this openness, the managed village funds can be properly controlled and supervised by the authorities. While the implementation of accountability to the community must be carried out because it refers to the purpose of the existence of village funds, namely to improve community welfare, where these efforts can be carried out with community empowerment. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The results show that transparency has a positive and significant effect on the management of village funds. Likewise, accountability has a positive and significant effect on the management of village funds.
การวิเคราะห์ผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องในการพัฒนาเมือง กรณีศึกษาเมืองสวรรคโลก
Authors: Wijitporn Thanawin , Tansukanun Pranom 
Published: October 2022

การวิเคราะห์ผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องในการพัฒนาเมืองกรณีศึกษาเมืองสวรรคโลกมีจุดประสงค์เพื่อทำความเข้าใจผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกลุ่มต่าง ๆ ในการพัฒนาเมืองสวรรคโลก โดยการดำเนินการวิจัยเชิงปฏิบัติภายใต้โครงการพัฒนาเมืองทุกมิติอย่างมีส่วนร่วม ในการวิเคราะห์ผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย (Stakeholder Analysis) เพื่อทำความเข้าใจระดับอำนาจ ความสนใจ บทบาท และความสัมพันธ์ของผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องในการพัฒนาเมือง พบว่าผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องสามารถแบ่งได้สามกลุ่มคือ หน่วยงานรัฐ ภาคเอกชน และ ภาคประชาชน โดยในปัจจุบันหน่วยงานรัฐ (เทศบาลเมืองสวรรคโลก) เป็นผู้มี อำนาจ ความสนใจ และบทบาทสูงสุด และภาคประชาชนมีบทบาทน้อยที่สุดในการกำหนดทิศทางและขับเคลื่อนการพัฒนาเมือง ซึ่งขัดแย้งกับลักษณะความสัมพันธ์ด้าน อิทธิพล และความสนใจของผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้อง ที่พบว่าภาคประชาชนเป็นผู้ได้รับความสนใจจากภาครัฐและภาคเอกชนสูงสุด นำไปสู่ข้อเสนอแนะด้านการส่งเสริมความสนใจ และการเสริมอำนาจให้กับภาคประชาชนให้มีบทบาทในการพัฒนาเมืองที่มากขึ้นเพื่อให้สอดคล้องกับเป้าหมายการพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน โดยแบ่งเป็นแนวทางระยะสั้น คือการเปลี่ยนแปลงบทบาทของหน่วยงานรัฐจากเดิมที่มีบทบาทเป็นผู้ดำเนินการทั้งหมด เป็นผู้สนับสนุนและส่งเสริมการมีส่วนร่วมของ ภาคเอกชน และประชาชนในการพัฒนาผ่านการดำเนินการโครงการระยะสั้น เมื่อภาคเอกชน และประชาชนมีความสนใจที่เพิ่มขึ้น มีการรวมกลุ่มดำเนินการอย่างเป็นรูปธรรมประกอบกับวัฒนธรรมการทำงานร่วมกันในเมืองเกิดขึ้นอย่างเป็นธรรมชาติแล้วจึงนำไปสู่ข้อเสนอในระยะยาว คือการให้ทั้งภาครัฐ เอกชน และประชาชนมีอำนาจและความสนใจในระดับทัดเทียมกันและดำเนินการร่วมสร้าง(Co Create)การพัฒนาเมืองร่วมกันเพื่อส่งเสริมการพัฒนาอย่างมีส่วนร่วมสู่ความเป็นเมืองน่าอยู่อย่างยั่งยืนต่อไป
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK SMARTPHONE IPHONE TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN PADA PT. DATA CITRA MANDIRI (IBOX) CABANG MENTENG CENTRAL
Authors: Teddy Teddy  , Shilvya Shara Lisa  
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan sejauh mana pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap loyalitas konsumen di PT Data Citra Mandiri (iBox) Cabang Menteng Central. Kualitas produk sangatlah menentukan loyalitas konsumen demi menarik konsumen agar terus menggunakan produk dari smartphone iphone. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian kuantitatif pencarian data dengan menggunakan buku-buku referensi yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang sesuai dengan judul jurnal ini, dengan melakukan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan data melalui penyebaran kuisioner kepada customer pengguna smartphone iphone yang membeli di PT Data Citra Mandiri (iBox) Cabang Menteng Central. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah customer di PT Data Citra Mandiri (iBox) Cabang menteng Central. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah kualitas produk berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Hal ini berarti bahwa variabel kualitas produk smartphone iphone mempunyai pengaruh terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Sedangkan dari uji koefisien determinasi menunjukan kualitas produk smartphone iphone memberikan kontribusi terhadap variabel loyalitas konsumen sebesar 75%.