bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on high-quality interpersonal care among people obtaining abortions in Argentina
Authors: Bercu Chiara , Filippa Sofía , Ramirez Ana Maria , Katz Anna , Grosso Belén , Zurbriggen Ruth , Vázquez Sandra , Baum Sarah E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Little is known about how people who have abortions describe high-quality interpersonal care in Argentina. This qualitative study aimed to understand preferences and priorities in their interactions with providers.

Study design
We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with people who obtained abortions at a comprehensive reproductive health clinic or with support from a feminist accompaniment group in Buenos Aires and Neuquén, Argentina. We iteratively coded transcripts using a thematic analysis approach based on interpersonal domains present in current quality of care frameworks.

Results
Participants described high-quality abortion care as feeling acompañamiento and contención from their providers – terms that imply receiving kind, caring, compassionate and emotionally supportive care throughout their abortion. They described four key elements of interpersonal interactions: attentive communication from providers and accompaniers, clear and understandable information provision, non-judgmental support, and individualized options for pain management.

Conclusions
People obtaining abortions in Argentina consistently identified receiving compassionate and supportive care throughout an abortion as a key aspect of care. The findings have implications for incorporating people’s perspectives in the development of care guidelines, training of providers, and monitoring and improving of services. This is particularly important as the government of Argentina prepares to expand legal access to abortion.
Enhancer transcription detected in the nascent transcriptomic landscape of bread wheat
Authors: Xie Yilin , Chen Yan , Li Zijuan , Zhu Jiafu , Liu Min , Zhang Yijing , Dong Zhicheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe precise spatiotemporal gene expression is orchestrated by enhancers that lack general sequence features and thus are difficult to be computationally identified. By nascent RNA sequencing combined with epigenome profiling, we detect active transcription of enhancers from the complex bread wheat genome. We find that genes associated with transcriptional enhancers are expressed at significantly higher levels, and enhancer RNA is more precise and robust in predicting enhancer activity compared to chromatin features. We demonstrate that sub-genome-biased enhancer transcription could drive sub-genome-biased gene expression. This study highlights enhancer transcription as a hallmark in regulating gene expression in wheat.
A high-throughput visual screening method for p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase to increase phenolic compounds biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Zhenya , Chen Tongtong , Yu Shengzhu , Huo Yi-Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Gallic acid (GA) and pyrogallol are phenolic hydroxyl compounds and have diverse biological activities. Microbial-based biosynthesis, as an ecofriendly method, has been used for GA and pyrogallol production. In GA and pyrogallol biosynthetic pathways, the low hydroxylation activity of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PobA) towards 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) limited the high-level biosynthesis of GA and pyrogallol.

Results
This work reported a high activity PobA mutant (Y385F/T294A/V349A PobA) towards 3,4-DHBA. This mutant was screened out from a PobA random mutagenesis library through a novel naked eye visual screening method. In vitro enzyme assay showed this mutant has a kcat/Km of 0.059 μM−1 s−1 towards 3,4-DHBA, which was 4.92-fold higher than the reported mutant (Y385F/T294A PobA). Molecular docking simulation provided the possible catalytic mechanism explanation of the high activity mutant. Expression of this mutant in E. coli BW25113 (Fʹ) can generate 840 ± 23 mg/L GA from 1000 mg/L 3,4-DHBA. After that, this mutant was assembled into a de novo GA biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, this pathway was introduced into a 3,4-DHBA-producing strain (E. coli BW25113 (Fʹ)ΔaroE) to achieve 301 ± 15 mg/L GA production from simple carbon sources. Similarly, assembling this mutant into a de novo pyrogallol biosynthetic pathway enabled 129 ± 15 mg/L pyrogallol production.

Conclusions
This work established an efficient screening method and generated a high activity PobA mutant. Assembling this mutant into de novo GA and pyrogallol biosynthetic pathways achieved the production of these two compounds from glucose. Besides, this mutant has great potential for the production of GA or pyrogallol derivatives. The screening method could be used for other GA biosynthesis-related enzymes.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveal a unique memory-like NK cell subset that accumulates with ageing and correlates with disease severity in COVID-19
Authors: Guo Chuang , Wu Mingming , Huang Beibei , Zhao Rui , Jin Linlin , Fu Binqing , Wang Ping , Wang Dongyao , Zheng Meijuan , Fang Jingwen , Wei Haiming , Qu Kun , Ni Fang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that mediate antitumour and antiviral responses. However, very little is known about how ageing influences human NK cells, especially at the single-cell level.

Methods
We applied single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) to human lymphocytes and NK cells from 4 young and 4 elderly individuals and then analysed the transcriptome data using Seurat. We detected the proportion and phenotype of NK cell subsets in peripheral blood samples from a total of 62 young and 52 elderly healthy donors by flow cytometry. We also used flow cytometry to examine the effector functions of NK cell subsets upon IFN-α/IL-12+IL-15/K562/IL-2 stimulation in vitro in peripheral blood samples from a total of 64 young and 63 elderly healthy donors. We finally studied and integrated single-cell transcriptomes of NK cells from 15 young and 41 elderly COVID-19 patients with those from 12 young and 6 elderly healthy control individuals to investigate the impacts of ageing on NK cell subsets in COVID-19 disease.

Results
We discovered a memory-like NK subpopulation (NK2) exhibiting the largest distribution change between elderly and young individuals among lymphocytes. Notably, we discovered a unique NK subset that was predominantly CD52+ NK2 cells (NK2.1). These memory-like NK2.1 cells accumulated with age, exhibited proinflammatory characteristics, and displayed a type I interferon response state. Integrative analyses of a large-cohort COVID-19 dataset and our datasets revealed that NK2.1 cells from elderly COVID-19 patients are enriched for type I interferon signalling, which is positively correlated with disease severity in COVID-19.

Conclusions
We identified a unique memory-like NK cell subset that accumulates with ageing and correlates with disease severity in COVID-19. Our results identify memory-like NK2.1 cells as a potential target for developing immunotherapies for infectious diseases and for addressing age-related dysfunctions of the immune system.
Effects of different kinds of anti-Alzheimer’s disease drugs on cognitive improvement: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase III clinical trials
Authors: Lyu Diyang , Gong Min , Zhang Yong , Lyu Xuanxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive decline and dysfunction of independent living ability, with huge economic and healthy burden worldwide. However, there is still a lack of effective long-term drugs to improve cognitive function and reduce or halt disease progression. Phase III clinical trials of anti-AD drugs based on different hypotheses were in the pipeline, and this protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine what is the most effective direction for the development of drugs on cognitive improvement.Methods/designWe will search the following literature databases for eligible studies from inception to December 2021: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, PubMed MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Google Scholar,ClinicalTrials.govregistration platform, and the AlzForum website will also be searched for additional studies. Studies will be included irrespective of publication status or language. Phase III clinical trials reporting on the effect of anti-AD drugs on participants with AD will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the hit articles and identify phase III clinical trials, extract data, and assess the quality of each study individually. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 (RoB 2) will be used to assess the risk of bias. For each kind of drugs based on the corresponding hypothesis, we will compare the study design and demographic features of the clinical trials and include appropriate studies in the network meta-analysis. The primary outcomes will be the indicators of cognitive improvement. The secondary outcomes will be activities of daily living, neuroimaging changes, biomarkers, and safety. Through network meta-analysis, we will suggest the hypothesis that most likely to improve cognitive function and provide the ranks of all kinds of drugs. We will give recommendation grade of each comparison using the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMa) tool.DiscussionThis study will provide helpful evidence for further drug development and clinical practice for treating Alzheimer’s disease.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42021251507
The trace of $u\in W^{1,1}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\Omega )\bigcap L^{\infty}(\Omega )$ and its applications
Authors: Zhan Huashui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the well-posedness problem of a doubly degenerate parabolic equation with variable exponents. By the parabolically regularized method, the existence of local solution is proved. Moreover, the trace of $u\in W^{1,1}_{0}(\Omega )$
u
∈

W
0

1
,
1

(
Ω
)
is generalized to $u\in W^{1,1}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\Omega )\bigcap L^{\infty}(\Omega )$
u
∈

W
loc

1
,
1

(
Ω
)
⋂

L
∞

(
Ω
)
in a rational way. Then, a partial boundary value condition matching up with the stability theorem is found.
Socio-psychedelic imaginaries: envisioning and building legal psychedelic worlds in the United States
Authors: Schwarz-Plaschg Claudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAfter decades of criminalization, psychedelic substances such as psilocybin and LSD are experiencing their comeback in science and Western culture more broadly. While psychedelic plants and fungi have a long history of use in Indigenous cultures, the Western prohibitionist reality instantiated around 1970 has stigmatized psychedelics as medically useless and a threat to society. Yet studies are increasingly demonstrating their potential to treat widespread mental health conditions such as PTSD, depression, or anxiety in combination with psychotherapy. Most of this research is currently taking place in the US, where additionally decriminalization and legalization efforts and religious exemptions have paved the way to make psychedelics legally accessible. Based on 3 years of ethnographic research in the US (both in-person and virtual), this article explores contemporary US-American socio-psychedelic imaginaries, i.e., collective visions articulated and enacted to reintegrate psychedelics legally and responsibly into society. Four socio-psychedelic imaginaries are identified, described, and interpreted: the biomedicalization imaginary, decriminalization imaginary, legalization imaginary, and sacramental imaginary. These imaginaries diverge and converge around several politics: politics of access, politics of responsibility, politics of naming, politics of assimilation and social change, and politics of epistemic credibility. Contemporary socio-psychedelic imaginaries are co-evolving, mutually shaping, and amplifying each other. Together they function as societal corrective to the politically motivated prohibition of psychedelics. Although enacted by humans, the radical imagination expressed in socio-psychedelic imaginaries has its roots in human-psychedelics entanglements.
Acute axon damage and demyelination are mitigated by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) therapy after experimental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Radomski Kryslaine L. , Zi Xiaomei , Lischka Fritz W. , Noble Mark D. , Galdzicki Zygmunt , Armstrong Regina C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDamage to long axons in white matter tracts is a major pathology in closed head traumatic brain injury (TBI). Acute TBI treatments are needed that protect against axon damage and promote recovery of axon function to prevent long term symptoms and neurodegeneration. Our prior characterization of axon damage and demyelination after TBI led us to examine repurposing of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), an FDA-approved inhibitor of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels. 4-AP is currently indicated to provide symptomatic relief for patients with chronic stage multiple sclerosis, which involves axon damage and demyelination. We tested clinically relevant dosage of 4-AP as an acute treatment for experimental TBI and found multiple benefits in corpus callosum axons. This randomized, controlled pre-clinical study focused on the first week after TBI, when axons are particularly vulnerable. 4-AP treatment initiated one day post-injury dramatically reduced axon damage detected by intra-axonal fluorescence accumulations in Thy1-YFP mice of both sexes. Detailed electron microscopy in C57BL/6 mice showed that 4-AP reduced pathological features of mitochondrial swelling, cytoskeletal disruption, and demyelination at 7 days post-injury. Furthermore, 4-AP improved the molecular organization of axon nodal regions by restoring disrupted paranode domains and reducing Kv1.2 channel dispersion. 4-AP treatment did not resolve deficits in action potential conduction across the corpus callosum, based on ex vivo electrophysiological recordings at 7 days post-TBI. Thus, this first study of 4-AP effects on axon damage in the acute period demonstrates a significant decrease in multiple pathological hallmarks of axon damage after experimental TBI.
An important component to investigating STEM persistence: the development and validation of the science identity (SciID) scale
Authors: Lockhart Mary Elizabeth , Kwok Oi-Man , Yoon Myeongsun , Wong Raymond 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) influence almost every aspect of our daily lives. However, despite the high demand for STEM occupational talent, the STEM pipeline continues leaking, with less than one-sixth of high school students pursuing STEM majors and only 50% of entering STEM college majors matriculating into STEM fields. Science identity has been identified as the most powerful predictor of high school students pursuing an undergraduate STEM major as reported by Chang (Machine learning approach to predicting STEM college major choice, American Educational Research Association (AERA), San Francisco, 2020). Though the construct is gaining lots of attention, it remains largely ill-defined, not operationalized at the high school level, and not based upon traditional identity theory. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument that measures high school students’ science identity, the Science Identity (SciID) Scale.

Results
Subject experts and a small group of high school students provided content validation for the proposed scale. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an optimal two-factor solution, reflecting the traditional two-dimensions of identity theory: Exploration and Commitment. Cronbach’s alpha revealed good internal consistency for both factors. Finally, structural equation modeling confirmed the convergent validity of the instrument with the external variables of science achievement and science career interest. Furthermore, the divergent validity between science identity and science self-concept was also confirmed.

Conclusions
Initial results indicate that the SciID Scale is a valid and reliable instrument that accurately measures a high school student’s standing on this construct. The soundness of this instrument will enable policy makers and practitioners to design more effective intervention programs aimed at cultivating high school students’ science identity.
An experiment of health services and additional microcredit in 128 villages of Bangladesh
Authors: Becker Stan , Amin Ruhul , Chakraborty Nirali , Zimmerman Linnea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies in the literature have found mixed results on the effect of microcredit on health outcomes. Of the five previous experimental studies that included microcredit and a health intervention, three reported no significant changes in health status or behaviors. The purpose of this study was to test for marginal and interactive effects of increased microcredit and provision of basic health services.

Methods
This study had a 4-celled experimental design in 128 villages in rural Bangladesh. For villages in one cell, an additional microcredit worker was assigned. For those in a second cell, a health assistant visited households each month, provided simple medicines and announced a satellite clinic held monthly in each village. For a third cell, both interventions were combined, and villages in a fourth cell served as control. A baseline survey was completed and a follow-up survey was done three years later. Outcome measures were food security, contraceptive use, having a trained birth attendant at last birth, and measles immunization.

Results
Comparison of follow-up with baseline levels of the four outcome measures (for 3787 households (96% completeness) and 3687 women (94% completeness)) showed significant improvement in food security in all study arms and a significant increase in trained birth attendant at last birth in the health services villages. Due to confusion within Grameen Bank about which workers would provide the additional microcredit work, that intervention was poorly implemented so in multivariate analyses, the data for that intervention arm were grouped with data from the control arm. Logistic regression with values of the outcomes at follow-up as dependent variable and study arm and women’s schooling as covariates showed no significant effects of either separate or grouped study arms.

Conclusion
Two of the three health behaviors showed no significant changes over time but having a trained birth attendant at last delivery did increase significantly in the health services arm. Therefore, community health education can sometimes be effective in promoting healthy behaviors.

Trial registration

This was a field trial rather than a clinical trial, so trial registration was unnecessary.
Generic, efficient and isochronous Gaussian sampling over the integers
Authors: Sun Shuo , Zhou Yongbin , Ji Yunfeng , Zhang Rui , Tao Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGaussian sampling over the integers is one of the fundamental building blocks of lattice-based cryptography. Among the extensively used trapdoor sampling algorithms, it is ineluctable until now. Under the influence of numerous side-channel attacks, it is still challenging to construct a Gaussian sampler that is generic, efficient, and resistant to timing attacks. In this paper, our contribution is three-fold. First, we propose a secure, efficient exponential Bernoulli sampling algorithm. It can be applied to Gaussian samplers based on rejection samplings. We apply it to FALCON, a candidate of round 3 of the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization project, and reduce its signature generation time by 13–14%. Second, we develop an isochronous Gaussian sampler based on rejection sampling. Our Algorithm can securely sample from Gaussian distributions with different standard deviations and arbitrary centers. We apply it to PALISADE (S&P 2018), an open-source lattice-based cryptography library. During the online phase of trapdoor sampling, the running time of the G-lattice sampling algorithm is reduced by 44.12% while resisting timing attacks. Third, we improve the efficiency of the COSAC sampler (PQC 2020). The new COSAC sampler is 1.46x–1.63x faster than the original and has the lowest expected number of trials among all Gaussian samplers based on rejection samplings. But it needs a more efficient algorithm sampling from the normal distribution to improve its performance.
Artificial intelligence in knee arthroplasty: current concept of the available clinical applications
Authors: Batailler Cécile , Shatrov Jobe , Sappey-Marinier Elliot , Servien Elvire , Parratte Sébastien , Lustig Sébastien 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the study of algorithms that allow machines to reason and perform cognitive functions such as problem-solving, objects, images, word recognition, and decision-making. This study aimed to review the published articles and the comprehensive clinical relevance of AI-based tools used before, during, and after knee arthroplasty.

Methods
The search was conducted through PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases from 2000 to 2021 using the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA).

Results
A total of 731 potential articles were reviewed, and 132 were included based on the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Some steps of the knee arthroplasty procedure were assisted and improved by using AI-based tools. Before surgery, machine learning was used to aid surgeons in optimizing decision-making. During surgery, the robotic-assisted systems improved the accuracy of knee alignment, implant positioning, and ligamentous balance. After surgery, remote patient monitoring platforms helped to capture patients’ functional data.

Conclusion
In knee arthroplasty, the AI-based tools improve the decision-making process, surgical planning, accuracy, and repeatability of surgical procedures.
Potential DNA methylation biomarkers for the detection of clear cell renal cell carcinoma identified by a whole blood-based epigenome-wide association study
Authors: Ohmomo Hideki , Komaki Shohei , Sutoh Yoichi , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Ono Kanako , Arai Eri , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Yoshida Teruhiko , Kanai Yae , Asahi Koichi , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the fourteenth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 4% of all cancers. More than 70% of RCC are clear cell RCC (ccRCC). To date, no reliable biomarkers for the detection of ccRCC have been identified. The aim of this study was to identify blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) markers for the early detection and treatment of ccRCC.

Results
To identify ccRCC-associated DNAm markers, we performed targeted bisulfite sequencing (TB-seq) and an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) using whole blood-derived DNA from 50 ccRCC patients and 50 healthy controls in the discovery phase. EWAS was performed using a linear regression model. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, and the estimated cell-type composition. In the replication phase, the accuracy of the identified ccRCC-associated CpGs was verified in 48 independent ccRCC patients and 48 healthy controls. We identified six ccRCC-associated hypomethylated CpGs in PCBD2/MTND4P12 in the discovery phase (p < 1.75 × 10−8); four were reproducible in the replication phase (p < 2.96 × 10−8). The sum of the DNAm levels at the six CpGs was a valid indicator of ccRCC both in the discovery phase (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC-ROC] = 0.922) and in the replication phase (AUC-ROC = 0.871). Moreover, the results of cis-expression quantitative methylation analysis suggested that the DNAm levels of the ccRCC-associated CpGs affect the gene expression of transcription factor 7 (TCF7) and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1), which are involved in cancer progression.

Conclusions
In this study, we identified six ccRCC-associated CpGs in PCBD2/MTND4P12 by EWAS using blood-based DNA. We found that the DNAm levels of the six CpGs in PCBD2/MTND4P12 may be a potential biomarker for early ccRCC detection, but the value as a biomarker needs to be investigated in future studies.