bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Perception of an OMM Virtual Practical Examination: In the Setting of Social Distancing
Authors: Berenbeim Gabriel , Metzler Isaac , Lewis Drew , Jie Chunfa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) practical examinations (PEs) are important for assessing osteopathic medical students’ cognitive knowledge and psychomotor skills required for osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). In the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, first-year medical students at Des Moines University (DMU) were no longer allowed to participate in a standard in-person PE (sPE) in December 2020. A novel virtual PE (vPE) over Zoom was developed to assess the students’ understanding of OMM learned in lab to replace the sPE.

Objective:
To determine if the vPE was perceived by the students as a successful and efficacious alternative to the sPE.

Method:
After the graduating class of 2024 completed their vPE, an administrative email from the DMU OMM department was sent to gather anonymous, voluntary student feedback evaluating their perception and experience of the vPE. The survey consisted of 5 Likert scale questions that asked students to determine the extent they agree to 5 distinct statements and the survey contained a free-text response question asking for suggestions to improve the vPE experience. A Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit was used to assess for equal distributions of responses. Simultaneous 95% confidence intervals (CI) for multinomial proportions were created. The free text was qualitatively analyzed based on themes.

Results:
Of the 224 first-year osteopathic students, 207 students responded to the Likert scale questions and 113 responded to the free text. Students strongly agree or somewhat agree that the vPE was a fair assessment of their knowledge of OMM lab material (90.82%) and optimally assessed their procedural OMM skills (86.96%). Students strongly agree that the vPE better assessed their OMM lab knowledge than a written multiple-choice examination (73.91%) and they received helpful feedback during the vPE (77.78%).

Conclusion:
Survey results support that the vPE was perceived by students to be an effective and fair alternative to the sPE. The creative use of a pair of pants and a prop sacrum was validated, as students confirmed that the vPE optimally assessed their procedural skills given the practical’s limitations.
Experiences of Former Markers of Undergraduate Assignments and Examinations at A University: A Case Study
Authors: Mokula Lebeloane Lazarus Donald , Mmusi-Phetoe Rose M , Masaba Brian Barasa 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe present study explored experiences of former markers of undergraduate assignments and examinations at the University of South Africa (Unisa). MethodologyQualitative method of research was used to gather data. Colaizzi’s method (1978) was used to analyze and interpret data. The article’s frame of reference was informed by Mezirow’s transformative learning theory which is aligned to critical theory (Mezirow 2009).FindingsFindings were based on the following: Demographic information, markers’ experiences in marking assignments and exam books, content knowledge, markers’ meetings, duration of marking assignments and examination books as well as students support, and suggestions are the themes that emerged from the data that was gathered.OriginalityIt is recommended that the university must develop a policy for external markers for marking assignments and examinations of undergraduate program. All E-tutors must be trained to support students after the official closure of registration and before examinations are set. All markers must be trained - through a markers’ guide - to mark assignments and examination books.
A Method of Assessing Public Space Attractiveness with use of Google Maps.
Authors: of Poznan MA Case 
Published: February 2022

The paper presents results of research on the quality of public space within Poznan Metropolitan Area. To identify this phenomenon an original method of analysis of World Wide Web was applied. The method is characterized by a high fidelity in diagnosing the character of relations. By means of applied research tools it was possible to analyse visual and functional interactions. The result is a map presenting the attractiveness of public spaces throughout Poznan Metropolitan Area based on a scope of specialised services and their distribution within the city in relation to visual quality of public space.
From ICT-Machine Determinism to a Socio-ICT Organic Design of Knowledge Sharing Systems
Authors: Reay Atkinson Simon , Carlsson Sven , Hossain Liaquat 
Published: February 2022

The transfer of knowledge between individuals, groups, practices, communities or systems is regarded as Knowledge Sharing (KS) in organizations. Research suggests that understanding social interaction between different interest groups within an organization is a critical component of effective KS. The relevance of social interaction approach has been debated in areas such as systems design, organizational process redesign, process improvement and artificial intelligence. Organizational science literature also highlights that information and communications technology (ICT) network structures provide insight about the communication patterns of individuals working in an organization. Therefore, an understanding of the ICT networks at play needs to be viewed as an essential element of the design of KS systems in organizations. We posit Mechorganics in terms of ‘the synergistic combination of civil mechanical systems engineering, social network dynamics, ICT and the management of interconnected knowledge, information (and data) infrastructures in the designing and composing of adaptive (resilient and sustainable) organizations’. It is further suggested that organization structures have both a formal and informal structure that may be considered to be a coalition of individuals, with implications for methods of communication and collective decision-making and taking, In this paper, we provide a background to organization as a network of people.
Creativity and Its Neural Correlates
Authors: Lewandowska Koryna 
Published: February 2022

Creativity, understood in terms of the ability to generate original, adequate, potentially useful and feasible solutions for ill-defined and complex problems, is being considered as a very important aspect of human functioning. The growing belief that we are entering the „Conceptual Age”, in which creativity will be valued even more, leads to the question of how it can be enhance. Resulting from seeing this ability in an egalitarian way, many training programs were formed, but the knowledge about biological basis and neural mechanisms underlying creative process is fragmentary and rarely taken into consideration. Among scientists there is a consensus that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is mainly responsible for the creativity. The results of studies conducted using functional magnetic resonance technique (fMRI) also indicate differences derived from training and stimulation with e.g. ideas of others in the pattern of brain activity during performance of tasks requiring creative thinking. Thus, the knowledge from neuroscientific area seems to be useful for developing methods that have a potential to enhance the level of creativity.
Social Media Monitoring as a Tool for the Development of Disruptive Innovations
Authors: Keinath Andreas , Vilimek Roman 
Published: February 2022

Understanding how electric vehicles (EVs) are driven in the real world has massively advanced with the implementation of the MINI E and BMW ActiveE field trials. The results of these studies served as a key learning project for the development of the BMW i3, the first purpose-designed EV produced by the BMW Group. Especially in the early phases of the fields trial in 2009, the design of user research and analysis methods posed a challenge as it was unclear how users would react to an EV. As with all disruptive innovations, the collection of immediate and unbiased feedback as well as long-term feedback was required to separate first-contact phenomena from permanent effects. Our research partners from academia therefore established a research schedule with repeated face-to-face interviews and diaries. In order to make sure that the questions asked also sufficiently reflect the customers’ everyday life with the EV, social media monitoring was established as a means to participate in usual driving and charging experiences and to support the development of the methods tool set. This approach proved to be very fruitful as early tendencies in customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction were identified and later on systematically reviewed with quantitative methods. Several examples of relevant findings in the MINI E field trial are presented and social media monitoring is discussed as a tool for customer feedback in the development chain. Presented as a case study for the development of electric vehicles, the data basis for this discussion are 2242 Facebook and relevant blog comments of US MINI E users between April 2009 and October 2011.
Examining User-Range Interaction in Battery Electric Vehicles – a Field Study Approach
Authors: Frankea Thomas , Günthera Madlen , Trantowa Maria , F. Kremsa Josef 
Published: February 2022

In order to provide users with an optimal range-related user experience, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of everyday user-range interaction. For this to happen, it is important to sample a high amount of situations where battery-electric vehicle (BEV) users must actively interact with the range resources of their BEV. The present contribution presents the methodology (i.e., a toolbox to study user-range interaction) and preliminary results of a field study that was designed to reach this objective: The BMW ActiveE long-distance commuter field trial in the area of Leipzig, Germany. Within this study, a sample of 75 customers was given the opportunity to drive a BEV for three months. Applicants were recruited via an online screening questionnaire. In order to be selected, participants had to drive at least 90 km per day. A comprehensive data set was generated based on qualitative interviews, questionnaires, diary methods, and data loggers. Relevant constructs were identified and translated into items/scales or specific score definitions. Initial results show that even users who have high daily mobility needs can cope with the limited range of a BEV. However, results also point to the potential of strategies aimed at supporting users in adapting to BEV range to reach an optimal user experience even under conditions of high range demand.
Water-based Public Transport Accessibility.A Case Study in theInternal Waters of Northern Italy
Authors: Ercoli Sebastiano , Ratti Andrea , Piardi Silvia 
Published: February 2022

Accessibility to public transport systems is a key factor for the social inclusion and quality of life of people with disabilities. This paper presents an analysis of the accessibility of the water public transport service run by Navigazione Laghi on lakes Maggiore, Como and Garda in Northern Italy. The study is focused on ‘water buses’, namely small ferries operating on short, scheduled routes, with one or two decks, that do not transport vehicles and that are not equipped with bed cabins. In particular, as a case study, this paper examines a ferry of the series Airone, 24 m passenger-only units built in 2008‒2011. These units are relevant because they represent about 10% of the whole fleet of Navigazione Laghi.
AN ANALYSIS STUDY ON THE NEED OF INVESTING IN THE CONTEMPORARY WAQF FIELDS ON THE KENYAN COAST
Authors: Awadh Ali Hemed 
Published: February 2022

The first Waqf to be established in this region was the Friday congregational mosque at Shanga â€“ a village in Pate Island in Lamu County, dating back to 870A.D. This research entails highlighting the bases of Waqf in Islamic Jurisprudence; it also gives a historical view on the establishment of Awqaf in the Kenyan Coast. The researcher shall also highlight the traditional usage of Waqf usufruct, and finally he shall propose various contemporary Waqf fields in the Coast of Kenya, which people should invest in them to improve their living standards.
Methodology used in this research is the induction method where ideas of scholars are analyzed and historical method. This method is used to narrate the advent of Muslims in the Kenyan Coast as well as the establishment of the Awqaf in the region.
The study revealed that there is need to invest in the contemporary Waqf fields to maximize the usage of regional waqf properties. The findings of this study would contribute to the understanding of challenges in utilization of Waqf property. It also contributes to the betterment of Waqf usage for the benefit of Ummah.
The study recommends that, there is a need of initiating a collective Waqf projects (Waqf-al-Jamai) through contributions from different donors to establish Waqf prjects, Ulamaas and preachers should create awareness on the importance of investing in the contemporary Waqf fields ,seminars and research should be conducted on Awqaf.
Association of Diabetes Mellitus Status and Hyperglycemia With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zheng Jiazhen , Huang Xihao , Huang Jinghan , Meng Bingyao , Li Furong , Liu Huamin , Chen Liren , Zhou Rui , Zou Mengchen , Wu Xianbo 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveEmerging evidence indicates that hyperglycemia has an adverse impact on the knee joint which, in turn, may increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but evidence from the real‐life settings of large‐scale cohort studies remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the association of glycemic control and the risk of symptomatic knee OA in a community‐based cohort of older adults.MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of 10,730 participants without knee OA. Comprehensive blood biomarker data were obtained. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined mainly using a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of ≥6.5%; poor glycemic control in individuals with DM was defined as an HbA1c level of ≥7%. We fit Cox regression models, stratified according to DM status. We evaluated the hazards associated with HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels using a spline model.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 5 years, knee OA developed in 1,089 participants (108 with DM and 971 without). Knee OA was related to DM (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02–1.78]), bad glycemic regulation in DM patients (HR 1.41 [95% CI 1.05–2.09]), and long‐term DM (≥5 versus <5 years; HR 1.49 [95% CI 1.02–2.17]). High levels of HbA1c (>7.7% and 61 mmoles/mole) and fasting blood glucose (>186 mg/dl) were significantly associated with higher risk of incident knee OA.ConclusionDM, bad glycemic management, and long‐term DM are potential risk factors of symptomatic knee OA independent of age and body mass index. Targeting blood glucose, in addition to bodyweight, may be an important avenue for prevention of knee OA.
Agreement Among Multiple Observers on Crystal Identification by Synovial Fluid Microscopy
Authors: Bernal José‐Antonio , Andrés Mariano , López‐Salguero Salvador , Jovaní Vega , Vela‐Casasempere Paloma , Pascual Eliseo 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveDespite the fact that polarized microscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing crystal arthritis, some uncertainties hamper full implementation in clinical practice. We undertook this study to analyze the agreement among multiple observers in crystal identification using compensated polarized microscopy, as well as to assess potential outcome modifiers.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, observational study with consecutive synovial fluid sampling. Samples were immediately analyzed when possible or kept refrigerated at 4°C. Five observers analyzed them separately, blinded to clinical data, using a compensated polarized optical microscope (400×), through 3 stages (ordinary, simple polarized, and compensated polarized light) to detect and identify crystals. They recorded the presence and type of crystal (no crystals, monosodium urate [MSU], and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate [CPP]). Interrater agreement was measured by Cohen's kappa. Subanalyses were performed on visualization delay and cumulative expertise. Discrepancies between each stage of the microscopy and the final decision were also examined.ResultsA total of 250 observations from 50 samples completed full assessment. Overall, κ = 0.74 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.64–0.84), indicating good agreement. Agreement for crystal detection was κ = 0.71 (95% CI 0.59–0.82), for MSU was κ = 0.88 (95% CI 0.75–1.0), and for CPP was κ = 0.69 (95% CI 0.56–0.82). Most of the crystal identifications were already made by ordinary light. No differences between observations made before or after 24 hours (P = 0.859) or in expertise on crystal analysis (P = 0.989) were found. Observations performed under ordinary light matched the final diagnosis in 96.8% of cases (242 of 250).ConclusionCompensated polarized microscopy remained consistent in detecting and identifying crystals in synovial fluid, even when examined among multiple observers, confirming its high utility for clinical practice.
Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes for Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Reber David , Borodin Oleg , Becker Maximilian , Rentsch Daniel , Thienenkamp Johannes Helmut , Grissa Rabeb , Zhao Wengao , Aribia Abdessalem , Brunklaus Gunther , Battaglia Corsin , Kühnel Ruben‐Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe water‐in‐salt concept has significantly improved the electrochemical stability of aqueous electrolytes, and the hybridization with organic solvents or ionic liquids has further enhanced their reductive stability, enabling cell chemistries with up to 150 Wh kg−1 of active material. Here, a large design space is opened by introducing succinonitrile as a cosolvent in water/ionic liquid/succinonitrile hybrid electrolytes (WISHEs). By means of succinonitrile addition, the solubility limits can be fully circumvented, and the properties of the electrolytes can be optimized for various metrics such as highest electrochemical stability, maximum conductivity, or lowest cost. While excessive nitrile fractions render the mixtures flammable, careful selection of component ratios yields highly performant, nonflammable electrolytes that enable stable cycling of Li4Ti5O12–LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 full cells over a wide temperature range with strong rate performance, facilitated by the fast conformational dynamics of succinonitrile. The WISHEs allow stable cycling with a maximum energy density of ≈140 Wh kg−1 of active material, Coulombic efficiencies of close to 99.5% at 1C, and a capacity retention of 53% at 10C relative to 1C.
Defect‐Engineered Graphene/Si3N4Multilayer Alternating Core‐Shell Nanowire Membrane: A Plainified Hybrid for Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Liang Jie , Ye Fang , Cao Yuchen , Mo Ran , Cheng Laifei , Song Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo tackle the increasing electromagnetic pollution, broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials are urgently needed. Toward this goal, traditional strategies resort to the construction of multicomponent dielectric/magnetic hybrid materials, including ternary, quaternary, or even more complicated systems. However, they always suffer from many intrinsic drawbacks in practical applications. Herein, a theory‐directed strategy is presented to design plainified EMW absorption materials (binary hybrids) via amplified interface effects, which are based on well‐designed multilayer alternating core‐shell nanostructures by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A defect‐engineered CVD graphene (DG) core composed of graphitic open edges and in‐plane defects is used as a lossy phase. Correspondingly, a CVD Si3N4layer with nanometer thickness is used as an impedance matching shell. By optimizing the alternating numbers of DG/Si3N4units, enhanced interface polarization and strong frequency dispersion behavior of permittivity (especially the real part, ε′) are obtained, which helps the plainified binary hybrids to reach an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.0 GHz at a thickness of 2.7 mm. Moreover, these plainified hybrids show excellent thermal and pH stability. Even after 1000 °C oxidation, for example, an EAB of 7.44 GHz coupling with a minimum reflection coefficient of −77.3 dB is still achieved.
Rational Design of Electrolyte Solvation Structures for Modulating 2e−/4e− Transfer in Sodium–Air Batteries
Authors: Yang Xiecheng , Peng Chao , Hou Minjie , Zhang Da , Yang Bin , Xue Dongfeng , Lei Yong , Liang Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn sodium–air batteries (SABs), achieving the regulation of the electron transfer number during oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in the same electrolyte system remains a significant challenge. In this work, a promising strategy is proposed to dynamically modulate 2e−/4e− transfer in ORRs by regulating the electrolyte structures to realize the different performances of SABs. The 4e− ORR can be realized by decreasing the electrolyte concentration. The solvation sheath of Na+ at dilute concentrations consists mainly of water molecules that hinder the access of Na+ to the cathode surface due to the high solvation energies indicated by theoretical calculations, thereby impeding the 2e− reaction. In contrast, excess free water can easily access the cathode surface and trigger the 4e− ORR. The solvation energies of Na+ can be remarkably reduced by increasing the electrolyte concentration, forming a water‐in‐salt unit, in which the Na+ mainly coordinates with the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion and can be easily released from the solvation sheath. Hence, the 2e− ORR is significantly promoted and becomes the dominant reaction. The SAB based on the 2e− reaction exhibits excellent energy density (15980 Wh kg−1) and good cycle performance (300 times), and the 4e− reaction exhibits excellent power density (12.09 mW cm−2).
Ultrahigh Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Efficiency and Selectivity Manipulation by Single‐Tungsten‐Atom Oxide at the Atomic Step of TiO2
Authors: Feng Yibo , Wang Cong , Cui Peixin , Li Chong , Zhang Bin , Gan Liyong , Zhang Shengbai , Zhang Xiaoxian , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Sun Zhiming , Wang Kaiwen , Duan Youyu , Li Hui , Zhou Kai , Huang Hongwei , Li Ang , Zhuang Chunqiang , Wang Lihua , Zhang Ze , Han Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction is a sustainable route to the direct conversion of greenhouse gases into chemicals without additional energy consumption. Given the vast amount of greenhouse gas, numerous efforts have been devoted to developing inorganic photocatalysts, e.g., titanium dioxide (TiO2), due to their stability, low cost, and environmentally friendly properties. However, a more efficient TiO2 photocatalyst without noble metals is highly desirable for CO2 reduction, and it is both difficult and urgent to produce selectively valuable compounds. Here, a novel “single‐atom site at the atomic step” strategy is developed by anchoring a single tungsten (W) atom site with oxygen‐coordination at the intrinsic steps of classic TiO2 nanoparticles. The composition of active sites for CO2 reduction can be controlled by tuning the additional W5+ to form W5+–O–Ti3+ sites, resulting in both significant CO2 reduction efficiency with 60.6 μmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity for methane (CH4) over carbon monoxide (CO), which exceeds those of pristine TiO2 by more than one order of magnitude. The mechanism relies on the accurate control of the single‐atom sites at step with 22.8% coverage of surface sites and the subsequent excellent electron–hole separation along with the favorable adsorption–desorption of intermediates at the sites.