bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An individualism without individuals. A sociological approach to the capitalist symbolism of Chicago and New York skyscrapers
Authors: Roche Cárcel Juan Antonio , Carretero Pasín Ángel Enrique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStarting from Comprehensive or Interpretive Sociology and the Sociology of skyscrapers, this article proposes as basic objectives to verify how the North American economic culture is showed in the symbolism of the skyscrapers of Chicago and New York and to verify the parallelism between the formal evolution of these buildings and the main economic transformations that have occurred in North American society in recent decades. In short, we will try to highlight the following symbolic questions: if the skyscrapers of Chicago and New York represent the defense of an American business culture marked by strong competitiveness and individualism; if they express the aesthetic transition from a capitalist rationalist architecture to another aesthetic where fiction, fantasy and spectacularity prevail; if this process is in tune with the transformation from an industrial capitalism to another of consumption and if it manifests itself through the decline of rationalist structural architectural elements towards others marked by glass, lightness, fluidity, liquidity and commodification; if the individualism that characterizes North American capitalism has also mutated in recent decades, that is, if from a primitive exaltation of autonomy as a core value of society, it drifts towards the cult of an individualized, privatized self disconnected from public space. Ultimately, it is about confirming the sociological utility of skyscrapers, understood as symbolic, economic, social and cultural objects.
Current advancements of modelling schizophrenia using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Dubonyte Ugne , Asenjo-Martinez Andrea , Werge Thomas , Lage Kasper , Kirkeby Agnete 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSchizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of 1–2% world-wide and substantial health- and social care costs. The pathology is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, however the underlying cause still remains elusive. SZ has symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, confused thoughts, diminished emotional responses, social withdrawal and anhedonia. The onset of psychosis is usually in late adolescence or early adulthood. Multiple genome-wide association and whole exome sequencing studies have provided extraordinary insights into the genetic variants underlying familial as well as polygenic forms of the disease. Nonetheless, a major limitation in schizophrenia research remains the lack of clinically relevant animal models, which in turn hampers the development of novel effective therapies for the patients. The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has allowed researchers to work with SZ patient-derived neuronal and glial cell types in vitro and to investigate the molecular basis of the disorder in a human neuronal context. In this review, we summarise findings from available studies using hiPSC-based neural models and discuss how these have provided new insights into molecular and cellular pathways of SZ. Further, we highlight different examples of how these models have shown alterations in neurogenesis, neuronal maturation, neuronal connectivity and synaptic impairment as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of miRNAs in SZ patient-derived cultures compared to controls. We discuss the pros and cons of these models and describe the potential of using such models for deciphering the contribution of specific human neural cell types to the development of the disease.
Prevalence and correlates of burnout among Lebanese health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abboud Edmond , Abou-Abbas Linda , Hassan Hamad , Youssef Janet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has harshly burdened the healthcare systems. Health care workers (HCWs) are at substantial risk of infection and confronted several stressors as well leading them to experience burnout. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout among Lebanese health HCWs and to identify its associated factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between the first of November and the end of December 2020 among Lebanese HCWs working in all active hospitals operating across the country. Data were collected using an Arabic, anonymous, self-reported questionnaire comprising four sections: (a) basic sociodemographic characteristics, (b) exposure to COVID-19 covariates, (c) occupational factors, and (d) the measurements including the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). CBI subscale cut-off score of 50 was used to assess the prevalence of burnout among HCWs. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with the different aspects of burnout.

Results
Out of the 1751 respondents, personal burnout (PB) was detected in its moderate and high-level aspects among 86.3% of Lebanese HCWs. Moderate and high levels of work-related burnout (WB), and client-related burnout (CB) hit 79.2% and 83.3% of HCWs, respectively. HCWs who were females, married, physicians, having a poor health status and specific living conditions (dependent child, elderly at home, family member with comorbidities, and a low income) were more likely to exhibit a high level of PB compared to no/low burnout level. Moreover, frontline HCWs, those infected by COVID-19 or those having a colleague infected by COVID-19, and those exhibiting a high perception of threat were more prone to experience a high-level PB rather than a low/no burnout. Working in a public hospital, extensive working hours, and insufficient sleeping hours were also found positively associated with high PB. However, older age and altruism were negatively associated with high PB compared to no/low PB among HCWs. As for WB, similar factors were found either positively or negatively associated with a high level of WB except health status and living conditions factors (dependent child or family member). As for CB, older age of HCWs (> 30 years) and altruism were negatively associated with high CB compared to no/low burnout level. However, working in the frontline, high threat perception, extensive working hours, insufficient sleeping hours, and low income were positively associated with high CB among HCWs compared to no/low burnout.

Conclusion
The prevalence of burnout among Lebanese HCWs during the pandemic was significant and alarming. Enacting and implementing preventive policies and effective interventions are urgently needed to cultivate wellness among HCWs.
Simulated decadal variations of surface and subsurface phytoplankton in the upstream Kuroshio Extension region
Authors: Tozuka Tomoki , Sasai Yoshikazu , Yasunaka Sayaka , Sasaki Hideharu , Nonaka Masami 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing outputs from an ecosystem model embedded in an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model that can realistically simulate decadal modulations of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) between stable and unstable states, decadal variations of phytoplankton concentration in the upstream KE region are investigated. During stable states of the KE, surface phytoplankton concentrations are anomalously suppressed to the south of the KE front, while those to the north are anomalously enhanced. Although the surface phytoplankton concentration anomalies are prominent only during winter to spring, significant subsurface anomalies centered around 60 m depth persist even in summer and autumn. Anomalies persist throughout the year in phytoplankton biomass integrated over the upper 100 m despite the strong surface anomalies during the spring bloom season. An analysis of nitrogen concentration anomalies suggests that the vertical movement of the isopycnal surfaces, vertical mixing of nutrients, and meridional shifts in the KE jet contribute to the anomalous phytoplankton biomass.
Evaluation of the performance of a high-resolution time-of-flight PET system dedicated to the head and breast according to NEMA NU 2-2012 standard
Authors: Morimoto-Ishikawa Daisuke , Hanaoka Kohei , Watanabe Shota , Yamada Takahiro , Yamakawa Yoshiyuki , Minagawa Suzuka , Takenouchi Shiho , Ohtani Atsushi , Mizuta Tetsuro , Kaida Hayato , Ishii Kazunari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the physical performance of a positron emission tomography (PET) system dedicated to the head and breast according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2-2012 standard.

Methods
The spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, count rate characteristics, corrections for count losses and randoms, and image quality of the system were determined. All measurements were performed according to the NEMA NU2-2012 acquisition protocols, but image quality was assessed using a brain-sized phantom. Furthermore, scans of the three-dimensional (3D) Hoffmann brain phantom and mini-Derenzo phantom were acquired to allow visual evaluation of the imaging performance for small structures.

Results
The tangential, radial, and axial full width at half maximum (FWHM) at a 10-mm offset in half the axial field of view were measured as 2.3, 2.5, and 2.9 mm, respectively. The average system sensitivity at the center of the field of view and at a 10-cm radial offset was 7.18 and 8.65 cps/kBq, respectively. The peak noise-equivalent counting rate was 35.2 kcps at 4.8 kBq/ml. The corresponding scatter fraction at the peak noise-equivalent counting rate was 46.8%. The peak true rate and scatter fraction at 8.6 kBq/ml were 127.8 kcps and 54.3%, respectively. The percent contrast value for a 10-mm sphere was approximately 50%. On the 3D Hoffman brain phantom image, the structures of the thin layers composing the phantom were visualized on the sagittal and coronal images. On the mini-Derenzo phantom, each of the 1.6-mm rods was clearly visualized.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results indicate that the head- and breast-dedicated PET system has high resolution and is well suited for clinical PET imaging.
Patient-reported experiences with side effects of kidney cancer therapies and corresponding information flow
Authors: Kastrati Karin , Mathies Viktoria , Kipp Anna P. , Huebner Jutta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have improved over recent years. Various therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma are currently approved for first and successive lines. Having various treatment options makes it important to reflect how patients experience side effects in the real-world setting. So far, data on the side effects of these treatments have only been collected within clinical trials, and have been mostly assessed by the investigator and not as patient-reported outcomes. Our aim was to determine patient-reported experiences of side effects in the real-world setting and to evaluate the doctor-patient communication regarding side effects.
Data were collected via an anonymous, voluntary online survey given to members of a support group for RCC; the questionnaire was completed by 104 mRCC patients.

Results
89.1% of participants were suffering from side effects of any grade. These appeared to be higher for patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors compared to those treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (98.4% vs. 68.4%). However, information on side effects is scarce: 4.0% had never heard anything about them while only 18.8% of participants received detailed information on possible side effects. Although 85.6% of participants reported side effects to their physician, 34.6% did not encounter an improvement. Limitations of the study include the design as an online questionnaire and the small sample, consisting only of members of a support group.

Conclusions
Differences can be seen between patient-reported side effects within our survey and those based on clinical trials. A shift towards more patient-reported outcomes is needed. In addition, patients seeking the advice of their physician on side effects are in need of more—or better—information and support.
Benign fibrous histiocytoma in breast: a case report on uncommon etiology with common presentation
Authors: Shaikh Sana , Arain Kashaf Anwar , Shakil Shaheera , Rashid Rahma , Shirazi Bushra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Benign fibrous histiocytomas are among the most common soft tissue tumors and are made up of a mixture of fibroblasts, histiocytes, and chronic inflammatory cells. These are commonly found in skin and less commonly in deep soft tissues. There are reports of the presence of a malignant counterpart of fibrous histiocytoma in the breast; however, existence of benign fibrous histiocytoma in breast is a very rare occurrence.

Case presentation
We present here a case of benign fibrous histiocytoma at an uncommon location with a common presentation. This is a case of 45-year-old female patient, who complained of a painless focal area of hardness and itching in the left areolar region that developed gradually for 1 year, with recent onset of areolar skin thickening, erythema, and mastalgia on the left side. Physical examination revealed a focal area of nodular thickening in the areolar region on the left side with erythema and skin excoriation. No mass was palpable in either breast or axilla. A subsequent mammogram showed an area of focal thickening in the areolar region. Ultrasound also showed a similar finding of nodular skin thickening. Paget’s disease was suspected based on clinical and imaging findings. The contralateral breast was normal. Afterward, a core needle biopsy was done, but the histopathology report was inconclusive and showed only a spindle cell lesion. In due course, excisional biopsy was performed and on the basis of morphology and immune-histochemical markers, a diagnosis of benign fibrous histiocytoma was made.

Conclusions
Benign fibrous histiocytomas are varying soft tissue tumors that show wide variations in anatomic locations, biologic behavior, and pathologic features. Its diagnosis can be very challenging by imaging and even on histopathology. It must be based on the combination of morphological features and immunohistochemistry. Breast is an extremely uncommon location, and its presentation can mimic invasive carcinomas. A number of other benign and malignant skin lesions may be considered as probable differential diagnosis. It is worthwhile to keep these diverse entities in mind as differential diagnosis, with regards to this particular clinical presentation, which can be beneficial in dealing with challenging cases.
Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced mammography in the characterization of breast asymmetry
Authors: Dawoud Bassant Mahmoud , Darweesh Abdelmonem Nooman , Hefeda Mohamed Mohamed , Kamal Rasha Mohamed , Younis Rasha Lotfy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast asymmetry is a prevalent mammographic finding described in BI-RADS atlas as asymmetry, focal asymmetry, global asymmetry, and developing asymmetry. Mammography has a limited role in discrimination between benign and malignant asymmetry, and digital mammography can overlook up to 15–30% of breast tumors. The purpose of our study was to assess the role of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in distinction between benign and malignant asymmetries.

Results
Out of the studied 540 indeterminate and suspicious asymmetries, and according to final histopathological results, 97/540 (17.9%) asymmetries were benign, 395/540(73%) asymmetries were malignant, 48/540 (8.9%) asymmetries were normal with no underlying pathology. After comparing results of sonomammography and CEM, CEM showed higher sensitivity (96.5% vs. 85.8), specificity (77.1% vs. 64.4%), NPV (88.8% vs. 62.7%), PPV (92.04% vs. 86.7%) and accuracy (91.3% vs. 80%).

Conclusions
CEM has proven to be a valuable and beneficial imaging technicality for patients and radiologists, with breast cancer detection sensitivities superior to that of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) with ultrasonography (US).
Survival in Young Adults With Cancer Is Associated With Medicaid Expansion Through the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Ji Xu , Shi Kewei Sylvia , Mertens Ann C. , Zhao Jingxuan , Yabroff K. Robin , Castellino Sharon M. , Han Xuesong 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE Medicaid expansion through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been shown to improve insurance coverage and early diagnosis of cancer in young adults (YAs); whether these improvements translate to survival benefits remains unknown. We examined the association between Medicaid expansion under the ACA and 2-year overall survival among YAs with cancer. METHODS Using the National Cancer Database, we identified 345,413 YAs (age 18-39 years) diagnosed with cancer in 2010-2017. We applied the difference-in-differences (DD) method to estimate changes in 2-year overall survival after versus before Medicaid expansion in expansion versus nonexpansion states. RESULTS Among all YAs, 2-year overall survival increased more in expansion states (90.39% pre-expansion to 91.85% postexpansion) than in nonexpansion states (88.98% pre-expansion to 90.07% postexpansion), resulting in a net increase of 0.55 percentage points (ppt; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.96). The expansion-associated survival benefit was concentrated in patients with female breast cancer (DD, 1.20 ppt; 95%CI, 0.27 to 2.12) when stratifying by cancer type and in patients with stage IV disease (DD, 2.56; 95%CI, 0.36 to 4.77) when stratifying by stage. In addition, greater survival benefit associated with Medicaid expansion was observed among racial and ethnic minoritized groups (DD, 1.01 ppt; 95% CI, 0.14 to 1.87) as compared with non-Hispanic White peers (DD, 0.41 ppt; 95% CI, –0.06 to 0.87) and among patients with a Charlson comorbidity score of ≥ 2 (DD, 6.48 ppt; 95% CI, 0.81 to 12.16) than those with a comorbidity score of 0 (DD, 0.44 ppt; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.87). CONCLUSION Medicaid expansion under the ACA was associated with an improvement in overall survival among YAs with cancer, with survival benefits most pronounced among patients of under-represented race and ethnicity and patients with high-risk diseases.
Effect of Conventional Treatment on Dental Complications and Ectopic Ossifications Among 30 Adults With XLH
Authors: Kato Hajime , Okawa Rena , Ogasawara Toru , Hoshino Yoshitomo , Hidaka Naoko , Koga Minae , Kinoshita Yuka , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Taniguchi Yuki , Fukumoto Seiji , Nangaku Masaomi , Makita Noriko , Hoshi Kazuto , Nakano Kazuhiko , Ito Nobuaki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
Conventional treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) was reported to prevent dental complications, but whether the preventive effect was different among different types of teeth, including anterior teeth and molar teeth, is uncertain. Evidence of the preventive effect of conventional treatment on ectopic ossifications is also limited.

Objective
To compare dental complications and ectopic ossifications among adults with XLH with early (&lt;5 years old) or late (≥5 years old) conventional treatment.

Methods
This retrospective observational study included a total of 30 adults with XLH; orthopantomograms, spinal computed tomography scans, and X-rays of hip/knee joints were studied. Dental complications, including the decayed, missing, filled (DMF) index and devitalized teeth, apical periodontitis, and periodontitis, were evaluated. The ossification of the anterior/posterior longitudinal ligament and yellow ligament indexes (OA/OP/OY indexes) and the sum of the OA/OP/OY indexes (OS index) were utilized to evaluate the severity of spinal ligament ossification. The severity of the hip/knee osteophytes was evaluated using the Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) classification.

Results
The number of sound teeth was significantly lower and the DMF index was significantly higher in patients with late treatment. The severity of dental complications in the anterior tooth and molar tooth, OA/OP/OY/OS index, and KL grade were not significantly different among patients with early treatment and those with late treatment.

Conclusion
Early treatment could prevent dental complications but did not prevent ectopic ossification in adult patients with XLH. The difference in the preventive effect was not observed among different types of teeth.
Decreased Expression of EZH2 in Granulosa Cells Contributes to Endometriosis-Associated Infertility by Targeting IL-1R2
Authors: Lin Xiang , Tong Xiaomei , Zhang Yinli , Gu Weijia , Huang Qianmeng , Zhang Yi , Zhuo Feng , Zhao Fanxuan , Jin Xiaoying , Li Chao , Huang Dong , Zhang Songying , Dai Yongdong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanism by which endometriosis, a common gynecological disease characterized by chronic pelvic pain and infertility, causes infertility remains elusive. Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, the most common type of ovulatory dysfunction, is a cause of endometriosis-associated infertility involving reduced numbers of retrieved and mature oocytes. Ovulation is controlled by luteinizing hormone and paracrine signals produced within the follicle microenvironment. Generally, interleukin (IL)-1β is elevated in endometriosis follicular fluid, whereby it amplifies ovulation signals by activating extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β pathways. However, this amplification of ovulation by IL-1β does not occur in patients with endometriosis. To illuminate the mechanism of ovulatory dysfunction in endometriosis, we analyzed the effect of oxidative stress and IL-1β expression on endometriosis follicles. We found that oxidative stress decreased EZH2 expression and reduced H3K27Me3 levels in endometriosis ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). Selective Ezh2 depletion in mice ovarian GCs reduced fertility by disturbing cumulus-oocyte complex expansion and reducing epidermal growth factor-like factor expression. Gene expression and H3K27Me3 ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) of GCs revealed IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2), a high-affinity IL-1β-receptor that suppresses IL-1β-mediated inflammatory cascades during ovulation, as a crucial target gene of the EZH2-H3K27Me3 axis. Moreover, IL-1β addition did not restore ovulation upon Ezh2 knockdown, indicating a vital function of IL-1R2 in endometriosis. Thus, our findings show that reducing EZH2 and H3K27Me3 in GCs suppressed ovulatory signals by increasing IL-1R2 expression, which may ultimately contribute to endometriosis-associated infertility.