bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Belfast Boycott: consumerism and gender in revolutionary Ireland (1920–1922)
Authors: Omans Katie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Belfast Boycott was a protest designed to dislodge loyalism in Northern Ireland, punish its adherents for perceived intolerance toward Catholics and end Irish partition. The boycott was set off by the expulsion of several thousand Catholic workers from employment in Belfast in July 1920. A total boycott of all goods coming from Belfast was implemented by the Dáil in September 1920. Boycotting provided Irish nationalists with an alternative to violent retaliation that allowed for the participation of a wider segment of the Irish population and diaspora in the revolutionary movement. However, such mass mobilisation meant that nationalists had to entrust their plan for an independent Ireland to a segment of the population that they overwhelmingly viewed as politically and economically uninformed: Irish women. The boycott offers a new vantage point from which to view the actions of and attitudes towards women and the role of mass mobilisation during the revolution. This article explores nationalists’ conceptions of Irish identity, the intersection between consumerism and patriotism, and the role that women played as both political and economic actors throughout the Irish revolutionary period.
‘Her own and her children's share’: luck, misogyny and imaginative resistance in twentieth-century Irish folklore
Authors: Brophy Christina S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn twentieth-century Irish folklore, luck had much to do with women. While women were rarely seen as legitimate possessors of good fortune, luck was frequently perceived as being communicated through women's bodies and lost as a result of their actions. A caul, an intact amniotic membrane over a newborn's head and by-product of a pregnant woman's body, was believed to convey luck and health to either the mother or the child but not to both. The emphasis in this tradition on women's corporeality cast women and their maternal by-products as appropriable familial and communal resources. This and additional lore reveal that women were constructed as dangerous, ‘object-like others’ whose mere presence could threaten men's safety. Twentieth-century Ireland's folk and political cultures each operated within frameworks of supporting ideological systems. Despite being easily distinguishable in articulation, these cultures were frequently in concert with one another, especially relating to prescriptive gender roles. In numerous instances, lore about luck bolstered legislative, social and religious policies of the Irish Free State and the early Irish Republic regarding women. However, narrow divergences allowed women limited space to contest gender hierarchy in folk communities. Some women found opportunities for subversion in the very cultural fabric that restricted them, resorting to imaginative resistance to reject and counter misogynist discourse and assert female subjectivity.
Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Carolina Müller , Silva Marcus Tolentino , de Oliveira Julicristie Machado , Höfelmafnn Doroteia Aparecida , Alves Daniela Fernanda dos Santos , da Silva Wesley Willian Gomes , Galvão Tais Freire 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVitamin A is an essential micronutrient, especially during pregnancy. We aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Brazilian women of childbearing age. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that assessed vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age following the registered protocol (CRD42020171856). Independent peer researchers selected the studies retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and other sources. Data from the eligible studies were extracted in pairs and assessed for methodological quality. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (< 0·70 µmol/l or <0·20 µg/dl) and 95 % CI was combined by meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was estimated byI2. Out of 3610 screened records, thirty-two studies were included, which assessed 12 577 women from 1965 to 2017, mostly in maternity hospitals. Main limitations of the studies were in sample frame (30/32) and sampling method (29/32). Deficiency occurred in 13 % (95 % CI 9·4, 17·2 %;I²= 97 %) of all women and was higher in pregnant women (16·1 %; 95 % CI 5·6, 30·6 %;I²= 98 %) than non-pregnant women (12·3 %; 95 % CI 8·4, 16·8 %;I²= 96 %). The prevalence increased according to the decade, from 9·5 % (95 % CI 1·9–21·6 %;I²= 98 %) up to 1990, 10·8 % (95 % CI 7·9, 14·2 %;I²= 86 %) in the 2000s and 17·8 % (95 % CI 8·7, 29·0 %;I²= 98 %) in the 2010s. Over 10 % of Brazilian women in childbearing age were deficient in vitamin A. Higher prevalence was observed in pregnant women, and deficiency seemed to be increasing over the decades. Low representativeness of the studies, mainly based on convenience sampling that included pregnant, postpartum, lactating and non-pregnant women, as well as high heterogeneity, limits the findings.
Identification and expression patterns of candidate carboxylesterases in Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), an important pest of fruit trees
Authors: Li Jia , Zhang Long 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) is an important pest of fruit trees in a large area of Asia. The adults mainly depend on olfaction to communicate with the environment, but the olfactory mechanism has not been well known. Odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs) are important olfactory proteins, which inactivate and degrade odorants to free odorant receptors for maintaining olfactory sensitivity. Carboxylesterases (CXEs) are considered to be a major group of moth ODEs. In this study, four candidate CXEs (CsasCXE1 ~ CsasCXE4) were identified by using head transcriptomic data from C. sasakii adult females and males. Sequence alignment showed conserved amino acid residues and their variations in C. sasakii CXEs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the CXEs with the variations cluster well, and each C. sasakii CXE clusters in a clade with some of the other lepidopteran CXEs, with a high enough bootstrap value. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsasCXE2 and CsasCXE3 have similar tissue and sex expression patterns in C. sasakii adults. The two CXEs have relatively high expression levels in the heads and are expressed more abundantly in the female heads than male heads. CsasCXE1 and CsasCXE4 are expressed at higher levels in the male heads than female heads, but not dominantly expressed in the heads among the different tissues. Whether these CXEs function as ODEs remains to be further researched. This study laid the foundation for exploring functions of C. sasakii CXEs.
Precarity's Pirate: The Fictive Afterlives of Idemitsu Sazō
Authors: Leheny David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen the famously nationalistic Japanese author Hyakuta Naoki published his best-selling novelA Man Called Pirate(Kaizoku to yobareta otoko) in 2012, which subsequently became both a manga and a major film, he renewed interest in the midcentury oil baron Idemitsu Sazō, using him as the model for the novel's lead character. Hyakuta claims to have aimed to inspire the country, reeling from decades of slow growth as well as the 2011 tsunami and nuclear disaster, by featuring a visionary Japanese leader motivated primarily by love for his employees and his country. This article traces the efforts across these media to render Idemitsu as a credible character, particularly in dealing with his real-life family as well as his “family” of employees. It argues that the partial disappearance of the “real” Idemitsu in these versions of Hyakuta's novel allowed the production of a more believable one—made believable in part because of the essential Japanese values that he ostensibly represents, even as the constraints on these representations hint at fissures and tensions in contemporary political use of biographical fiction and film.
A Permutation Entropy Analysis of Voyager Interplanetary Magnetic Field Observations
Authors: Raath J. L. , Olivier C. P. , Engelbrecht N. E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe permutation entropy analysis technique is here employed to study Voyager 2 observations of heliospheric field fluctuations from ∼6 AU to ∼34 AU for the first time. The properties of the technique, especially regarding the classification of a given process as either chaotic or stochastic, are illustrated in some detail and it is indicated how the technique is best applied and interpreted to the data set in question. Proceeding from this, conclusions are made regarding the stochasticity of the processes driving turbulence as a function of radial distance from the Sun, which is here found to increase with distance toward a value theoretically associated with Brownian motion, exceeding that value depending on the data bin size considered. At larger radial distances, however, it is argued that this trend may be influenced by a strongly declining signal‐to‐noise ratio. Intriguingly, this technique also serves to identify intervals of anomalously moderate to low stochasticity, which are briefly investigated here.
A Small CO2 Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer
Authors: Glubokovskikh Stanislav , Saygin Erdinc , Shapiro Serge , Gurevich Boris , Isaenkov Roman , Lumley David , Nakata Rie , Drew Julian , Pevzner Roman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite public concerns, only a few CO2 injections into saline aquifers have reported microseismicity. We analyze passive seismic monitoring of a small (15,000 tonnes and 0.15 MPa pressure) injection of supercritical CO2‐rich mixture for Stage 2C of the CO2CRC Otway Project (Victoria, Australia), which induced 19 detectable events with maximum moment magnitude MW‐0.5. The locations and dynamic parameters of the triggered events indicate a reactivation of a small fault patch where CO2 flowed through the fault. Time‐lapse seismic images of the plume and reservoir simulations show that the reactivation occurred when the CO2 plume reached this fault. This might be indicative of a fault weakening by the plume that enabled subsequent reactivation by pressure variations. Our observations suggest that a leakage from a commercial‐scale storage may trigger felt seismicity in the overburden without strong overpressure, thus, the de‐risking workflows should involve a detailed study of small faults.
New Occurrence of Seifertite and Stishovite in Chang’E‐5 Regolith
Authors: Pang Runlian , Yang Jing , Du Wei , Zhang Aicheng , Liu Shirong , Li Rui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh‐pressure minerals in impact ejecta quantify shock conditions and provide clues for provenance analysis. The sampling site of Chang’E‐5 may contain distal ejecta, which is critical for constraining the impact events and interpreting the constitution of the target geological units. Here, we report a silica fragment consisting of seifertite, stishovite, α‐cristobalite‐like phase, and silica glass in Chang’E‐5 regolith. Both seifertite and stishovite formed via solid‐state transformation mechanism, in which seifertite formed by transition from α‐cristobalite upon pressure loading whereas stishovite may form from seifertite when postshock temperature was significant during pressure release. The coexistence of seifertite and stishovite suggests that their host rock has experienced a peak shock pressure of 11–40 GPa and records different stages of the impact process. Crater size calculation revealed that the host rock of stishovite and seifertite could have been transported from distant craters, confirming the retention of distal ejecta in Chang’E‐5 landing site.
Arrival of New Great Salinity Anomaly Weakens Convection in the Irminger Sea
Authors: Biló T. C. , Straneo F. , Holte J. , Le Bras I. A.‐A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Subpolar North Atlantic is prone to recurrent extreme freshening events called Great Salinity Anomalies (GSAs). Here, we combine hydrographic ocean analyses and moored observations to document the arrival, spreading, and impacts of the most recent GSA in the Irminger Sea. This GSA is associated with a rapid freshening of the upper Irminger Sea between 2015 and 2020, culminating in annually averaged salinities as low as the freshest years of the 1990s and possibly since 1960. Upon the GSA propagation into the Irminger Sea over the Reykjanes Ridge, the boundary currents rapidly advected its signal around the basin within months while fresher waters slowly spread and accumulated into the interior. The anomalies in the interior freshened waters produced by deep convection during the 2017–2018 winter and actively contributed to the suppression of deep convection in the following two winters.
MagNet: Automated Magnetic Mineral Grain Morphometry Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Pei Zhaowen , Chang Liao , Xue Pengfei , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMorphometry (i.e., the quantitative determination of grain size and shape information) is an essential component of all rock and environmental magnetic studies. Electron microscopy is often used to image magnetic mineral grains, but the current lack of systematic image processing tools makes it challenging to quantify key morphological features of magnetic minerals in natural samples. Here, we present an easy‐to‐use machine learning framework MagNet for automated morphological recognition of magnetic mineral grains in microscopic images. This framework, based on a convolutional neural network, performs well in the recognition and classification of magnetofossil nanoparticles in transmission electron microscopy images after training and testing. MagNet is open‐source and can easily be extended to process different types of mineral images. This tool has the potential, therefore, to extract key quantitative information of magnetic mineral populations within heterogeneous terrestrial and meteoritic samples for the interpretations of Earth and planetary processes.
Glucocorticoid-induced expansion of classical monocytes contributes to bone loss
Authors: Liu Pei , Gao Youshui , Luo Pengbo , Yu Hongping , Guo Shang , Liu Fuyun , Gao Junjie , Xu Jianzhong , Wang Shengdian , Zhang Changqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClassical monocytes are commonly involved in the innate inflammatory response and are the progenitors of osteoclasts. Excess endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) can increase the levels of classical monocytes in blood and bone marrow. The role of this cell population in high-dose exogenous GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains to be elucidated. In this study, GIOP was established in rats and mice by daily methylprednisolone injection, and monocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that classical monocytes accumulate in bone marrow during GIOP. Similarly, the monocyte proportion among bone marrow nucleated cells was also increased in patients with steroid treatment history. We sorted classical monocytes and analyzed their transcriptional profile in response to GCs by RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that classical monocytes isolated from GC-treated rats exhibited osteoclast differentiation potential. Deletion of classical monocytes by clodronate liposome treatment prevented GIOP via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and restoration of CD31HiendomucinHi vessels. Regarding the molecular mechanism, classical monocytes express high levels of glucocorticoid receptors. In vitro treatment with GCs increased both the percentage and absolute number of monocytes and promoted their proliferation. In summary, classical monocytes mediated GC-induced bone loss and are a potential target for therapeutic intervention in GIOP treatment.
Prenatal hypoxia alters the early ontogeny of dopamine neurons
Authors: Brandon Anastasia , Cui Xiaoying , Luan Wei , Ali Asad Amanat , Pertile Renata Aparecida Nedel , Alexander Suzanne Adele , Eyles Darryl Walter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDopaminergic (DA) dysfunction is a significant feature in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Established developmental risk factors for schizophrenia such as maternal immune activation (MIA) or developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency, when modelled in animals, reveal the differentiation of early DA neurons in foetal brains is delayed suggesting this may be a convergent aetiological pathway. Here we have assessed the effects of prenatal hypoxia, another well-known developmental risk factor for schizophrenia, on developing DA systems. Pregnant mice were exposed to a hypoxic environment of 10% oxygen for 48 h from embryonic day 10 (E10) to E12. Embryonic brains were collected and the positioning of mesencephalic cells, expression of DA specification and maturation factors were examined along with the expression of factors that may govern the migration of these neurons. We show that prenatal hypoxia results in a decrease in dopaminergic progenitors retards early DA neuron lateral migration and reduces expression of the receptors known to govern this process. A second time-point, postnatal day 10 (P10) was also examined in order to assess whether prenatal hypoxia alters early presynaptic architecture in the developing striatum. We show reduced expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the postnatal striatum along with increases in the density of high-probability DA release sites within TH varicosities. These findings add to the emerging literature showing that multiple epidemiologically validated environmental risk factors for schizophrenia may induce early alterations to develop DA systems. This may represent a possible convergent mechanism in the onset of presynaptic DA dysfunction in patients.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing miR-181d protect rats against renal fibrosis by inhibiting KLF6 and the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Shi-Jun , Qiu Zhen-Zhen , Chen Fu-Wei , Mao An-Li , Bai Jun-Chao , Hong Ye-Jing , Zhang Zhong-Pan , Zhu Wu-An , Zhang Zhi-Wei , Zhou Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent studies have investigated the ability of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in regulating neighboring cells by transferring signaling molecules, such as microRNAs (miRs) in renal fibrosis. EVs released by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) contain miR-181d, which may represent a potential therapy for renal fibrosis. miR-181d has been speculated to regulate Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), which activates the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Luciferase assays were performed to confirm the relationship between miR-181d and KLF6. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in vivo and in vitro were performed to assess the effect of BMSC-derived EVs (BMSC-EVs), which contained miR-181d, on KLF6, NF-κB, and renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells were treated with EVs derived from BMSCs followed by evaluation of collagen type IV α1 (Col4α1), Collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as indicators of the extent of renal fibrosis. Renal fibrosis was induced in rats by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) followed by the subsequent analysis of fibrotic markers. BMSC-EVs had higher miR-181d expression. Overexpression of miR-181d correlated with a decrease in KLF6 expression as well as the levels of IκBα phosphorylation, α-SMA, Col4α1, TGF-βR1 and collagen I in HK-2 cells. In vivo, treatment with miR-181d-containing BMSC-derived EVs was able to restrict the progression of fibrosis in UUO-induced rats. Together, BMSC-EVs suppress fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by delivering miR-181d to neighboring cells, where it targets KLF6 and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Estrogen and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor accelerate the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inducing prostatic fibrosis
Authors: Yang Yang , Sheng Jindong , Hu Shuai , Cui Yun , Xiao Jing , Yu Wei , Peng Jing , Han Wenke , He Qun , Fan Yu , Niu Yuanjie , Lin Jun , Tian Ye , Chang Chawnshang , Yeh Shuyuan , Jin Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common and progressive urological disease in elderly men worldwide. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the speed of disease progression varies among individuals, while the pathophysiological mechanisms of accelerated clinical progression in some BPH patients remain to be elucidated. In this study, we defined patients with BPH as belonging to the accelerated progressive group (transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] surgery at ≤50 years old), normal-speed progressive group (TURP surgery at ≥70 years old), or non-progressive group (age ≤50 years old without BPH-related surgery). We enrolled prostate specimens from the three groups of patients and compared these tissues to determine the histopathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying BPH patients with accelerated progression. We found that the main histopathological characteristics of accelerated progressive BPH tissues were increased stromal components and prostatic fibrosis, which were accompanied by higher myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition. Mechanism dissection demonstrated that these accelerated progressive BPH tissues have higher expression of the CYP19 and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with higher estrogen biosynthesis. Estrogen functions via GPER/Gαi signaling to modulate the EGFR/ERK and HIF-1α/TGF-β1 signaling to increase prostatic stromal cell proliferation and prostatic stromal fibrosis. The increased stromal components and prostatic fibrosis may accelerate the clinical progression of BPH. Targeting this newly identified CYP19/estrogen/GPER/Gαi signaling axis may facilitate the development of novel personalized therapeutics to better suppress the progression of BPH.
CCAR2 controls mitotic progression through spatiotemporal regulation of Aurora B
Authors: Ryu Jaewook , Kim Ja-Eun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCCAR2 (cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2) is a multifaceted protein involved in cell survival and death following cytotoxic stress. However, little is known about the physiological functions of CCAR2 in regulating cell proliferation in the absence of external stimuli. The present study shows that CCAR2-deficient cells possess multilobulated nuclei, suggesting a defect in cell division. In particular, the duration of mitotic phase was perturbed. This disturbance of mitotic progression resulted from premature loss of cohesion with the centromere, and inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint during prometaphase and metaphase. It resulted in the formation of lagging chromosomes during anaphase, leading ultimately to the activation of the abscission checkpoint to halt cytokinesis. The CCAR2-dependent mitotic progression was related to spatiotemporal regulation of active Aurora B. In conclusion, the results suggest that CCAR2 governs mitotic events, including proper chromosome segregation and cytokinetic division, to maintain chromosomal stability.