bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do comprehensive labor measures reduce the severity of the pandemic? Evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Kujur Sandeep , Goswami Diti 
Published: May 2022

PurposeAs a developing country, India initiated several labor measures to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. This study analyzes the impact of the Covid-19-induced comprehensive labor measures by Indian states on the Case Fatality Ratios and Recovery Rates. Such an analysis will provide deeper insights into the importance of labor measures during a health emergency. It will also be a reality check to the existing National Health Policy.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines the four major aspects of labor measures on migration, social security, state-specific needs and health and human rights. The authors use these to formulate a composite labor measure index to comprehend the Covid-19-induced various labor measures. Additionally, the authors apply pooled ordinary least squares and panel random-effects models with the state-wise monthly data to examine the impact of Covid-19-induced labor measures on the severity of the pandemic.FindingsCovid-19-induced comprehensive labor measures reduce fatalities and increase recovery rates. In particular, the measures on labor migration, state-specific needs and health and human rights adopted by the Indian states successfully reduce the Covid-19 fatalities and improve the recovery rates. However, the measures taken to address social security have been ineffective in reducing the severity of the pandemic. The study results are robust to various other specifications.Research limitations/implicationsThe time period covered in this research is very brief and does not account for the qualitative impact of labor measures on the severity of the pandemic. This study specifically addresses the number of Covid-19-induced labor measures and not the resources allocated to their implementations or the number of people who benefited from the measures.Practical implicationsThis study emphasizes the need for subnational comprehensive labor measures to reduce the severity of the pandemic in developing countries. The study confirms the need for effective Covid-19-induced social security measures to cope with the pandemic in India. This study also ascertains the beneficial impact of the measures on migration, state-specific needs and health and human rights.Originality/valueThe authors make a composite labor measure index that captures state-level Covid-19-induced labor measures on diverse aspects, namely migration, social security, state-specific need and health and human rights, hitherto unexplored. In addition, the authors analyze the impact of these labor measures on the severity of the pandemic.
Applying reactance theory to study consumer responses to COVID restrictions: a note on model specification
Authors: Matarazzo Michela , Diamantopoulos Adamantios 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to highlight the relevance of reactance theory for modeling consumer responses to COVID restrictions. The study also aims to critically evaluate the appropriateness of the most established reactance model (the intertwined model) for studying reactance specifically in relation to freedom threats arising from measures aimed at combatting the spread of the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a conceptual analysis of the intertwined model of reactance, structural equation modeling is applied to Rain's (2013) meta-analytic data to compare the model to alternative model specifications.FindingsThe analysis reveals both conceptual and statistical shortcomings of the intertwined model of reactance in its current/traditional form. It also draws attention to other model specifications that provide just as good statistical fit and offer promising alternative ways of modeling reactance in a COVID context.Originality/valueThe study is the first attempt to explicitly discuss conceptual and statistical problems associated with the most widely accepted model of reactance, illustrate these issues with specific reference to consumer reactions to COVID restrictions, identify alternative promising model specifications and suggest a respecification of the intertwined model.
Dynamic subwindow matching: A new similarity measure for seismic facies analysis
Authors: Song Chengyun , Qiu Lianpeng , Chen Yunqing , Li Kunhong 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTSeismic facies analysis is usually implemented using pattern recognition methods to classify seismic waveforms extracted along a horizon with a fixed time window. The commonly used similarity measures in those technologies are sensitive to the accuracy of horizon interpretation and the window selection and may thus lead to an unsatisfactory facies map. In this paper, we propose a novel similarity measure called dynamic subwindow matching for seismic facies analysis. The proposed measure is the average similarity of a series of short waveforms containing optimal matching subwindows instead of using the whole signal as done in traditional measures. Because of the introduction of nonlinear alignments for seismic reflection events, the proposed measure has the ability to overcome the horizon inaccuracy problem in seismic facies analysis. Furthermore, it can be directly applied to measure the similarity of the waveforms with different time lengths from the targeted interval. Finally, a new method combining the proposed measure and the k‐nearest neighbours method is developed for supervised seismic facies analysis. The synthetic and field data application demonstrate that the proposed measure is robust to amplitude and horizon interpretation noise and provide an effective approach for seismic facies analysis of varying‐thickness reservoirs.
Regularized 2D Savitzky–Golay derivative filter in estimating the second vertical derivative of potential field data
Authors: Roy Indrajit G. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTA robust method of estimating the second vertical derivative of two‐dimensional (2D) potential field data is proposed. The proposed method uses a 2D variant of Savitzky–Golay derivative filtering. The design of the 2D Savitzky–Golay derivative filter, unlike its one‐dimensional (1D) counterpart, is a non‐trivial exercise. This is due to the inherent complexity associated with 2D polynomial regression, which increases with the increase in the degree of the polynomial and the dimension of the filter window. The measure of complexity increases manifold, as the polynomial order increases from cubic to quintic. A larger polynomial order demands a larger dimension of the filter window patch as a minimum requirement. The large window patch which, in turn, poses computational challenges, becomes anill‐posedproblem and is computationally inefficient. To alleviate such a problem, an appropriate set of filter parameters is proposed, which ensures computational efficiency while maintaining sufficient robustness. The computational issue arising from theill‐posedcondition of the system matrix is addressed viashrinkage‐based regularization. A numerical experiment was conducted on a synthetically generated 2D dataset without and with a moderate amount of Gaussian random noise in order to check the applicability of the proposed method. The performance in terms of robustness was also compared with the other, usually considered as a benchmark, method. The proposed method is then successfully applied to determine the second vertical derivative of the high‐resolution Bouguer gravity anomaly data over an impact crater in Lake Wanapitaei, Canada. A qualitative interpretation of the second vertical derivative map over Lake Wanapitei is given.
Consistency of demographic trade‐offs across 13 (sub)tropical forests
Authors: Kambach Stephan , Condit Richard , Aguilar Salomón , Bruelheide Helge , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Chang‐Yang Chia‐Hao , Chen Yu‐Yun , Chuyong George , Davies Stuart J. , Ediriweera Sisira , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Fernando Edwino S. , Gunatilleke Nimal , Gunatilleke Savitri , Hubbell Stephen P. , Itoh Akira , Kenfack David , Kiratiprayoon Somboon , Lin Yi‐Ching , Makana Jean‐Remy , Mohamad Mohizah Bt. , Pongpattananurak Nantachai , Pérez Rolando , Rodriguez Lillian Jennifer V. , Sun I‐Fang , Tan Sylvester , Thomas Duncan , Thompson Jill , Uriarte Maria , Valencia Renato , Wirth Christian , Wright S. Joseph , Wu Shu‐Hui , Yamakura Takuo , Yao Tze Leong , Zimmerman Jess , Rüger Nadja 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Organisms of all species must balance their allocation to growth, survival and recruitment. Among tree species, evolution has resulted in different life‐history strategies for partitioning resources to these key demographic processes. Life‐history strategies in tropical forests have often been shown to align along a trade‐off between fast growth and high survival, that is, the well‐known fast–slow continuum. In addition, an orthogonal trade‐off has been proposed between tall stature—resulting from fast growth and high survival—and recruitment success, that is, a stature−recruitment trade‐off. However, it is not clear whether these two independent dimensions of life‐history variation structure tropical forests worldwide.

We used data from 13 large‐scale and long‐term tropical forest monitoring plots in three continents to explore the principal trade‐offs in annual growth, survival and recruitment as well as tree stature. These forests included relatively undisturbed forests as well as typhoon‐disturbed forests. Life‐history variation in 12 forests was structured by two orthogonal trade‐offs, the growth−survival trade‐off and the stature−recruitment trade‐off. Pairwise Procrustes analysis revealed a high similarity of demographic relationships among forests. The small deviations were related to differences between African and Asian plots.

Synthesis. The fast–slow continuum and tree stature are two independent dimensions structuring many, but not all tropical tree communities. Our discovery of the consistency of demographic trade‐offs and life‐history strategies across different forest types from three continents substantially improves our ability to predict tropical forest dynamics worldwide.
Parents' management of alcohol in the context of discourses of ‘competent’ parenting: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Cook Megan , Pennay Amy , MacLean Sarah , Dwyer Robyn , Mugavin Janette , Callinan Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHow parents manage potential tensions between normative discourses of ‘competent parenting’ and their desires to consume alcohol has received little attention. In this article, we explore the elements that encourage or constrain parents' drinking and investigate how parents consider and manage their alcohol use in the context of multiple social roles with sometimes conflicting demands and expectations around ‘competent parenting’. Our analysis draws on 30 semi‐structured interviews with Australian parents, conducted as part of a broader project which aimed to explore how home drinking is integrated into everyday life. While parents' accounts of drinking alcohol highlighted effects such as embodied experiences of relaxation and facilitating shared adult moments, many participants described drinking less than they otherwise would if their children were not present. Participants discussed various social roles and routines which constrained consumption, with drinking bounded by responsibility. As such, drinking emerged as something needing to be actively negotiated, particularly in light of discourses that frame expectations of what constitutes ‘competent parenting’. When considering parents' alcohol consumption in the future, we argue that it is important to destigmatise their consumption by acknowledging the importance of adults' pleasure and wellbeing, alongside children's needs for safety and modelling of safer alcohol consumption.
Efficient cell factories for the production of N‐methylated amino acids and for methanol‐based amino acid production
Authors: Irla Marta , Wendisch Volker F. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe growing world needs commodity amino acids such as L‐glutamate and L‐lysine for use as food and feed, and specialty amino acids for dedicated applications. To meet the supply a paradigm shift regarding their production is required. On the one hand, the use of sustainable and cheap raw materials is necessary to sustain low production cost and decrease detrimental effects of sugar‐based feedstock on soil health and food security caused by competing uses of crops in the feed and food industries. On the other hand, the biotechnological methods to produce functionalized amino acids need to be developed further, and titres enhanced to become competitive with chemical synthesis methods. In the current review, we present successful strain mutagenesis and rational metabolic engineering examples leading to the construction of recombinant bacterial strains for the production of amino acids such as L‐glutamate, L‐lysine, L‐threonine and their derivatives from methanol as sole carbon source. In addition, the fermentative routes for bioproduction of N‐methylated amino acids are highlighted, with focus on three strategies: partial transfer of methylamine catabolism, S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine dependent alkylation and reductive methylamination of 2‐oxoacids.
Quantitative pupillometry in comatose out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients: A post‐hoc analysis of the TTH48 trial
Authors: Paramanathan Sansuthan , Grejs Anders Morten , Søreide Eldar , Duez Christophe Henri Valdemar , Jeppesen Anni Nørgaard , Reinertsen Åse Johanne , Strand Kristian , Kirkegaard Hans 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative pupillometry is an objective method to examine pupil reaction and subsequently grade the response on a neurological pupil index (NPi) scale from 0 to 5. The aim of the present sub‐study was to explore the long‐term prognostic value of NPi in comatose out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM).MethodsThis planned sub‐study of the “Targeted temperature management for 48 versus 24 h and neurological outcome after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: A randomized clinical trial.” NPi was assessed from admission and throughout day 3 and linked to the Cerebral Performance Categories score at 6 months. We compared the prognostic performance of NPi in 65 patients randomized to a target temperature of 33 ± 1°C for 24 or 48 h.ResultsThe NPi values were not different between TTM groups (p > .05). When data were pooled, NPi was strongly associated with neurological outcome at day 1 with a mean NPi of 3.6 (95% CI 3.4–3.8) versus NPi 3.9 (3.6–4.1) in the poor versus good outcome group, respectively (p < .01). At day 2, NPi values were 3.6 (3.1–4.0) and 4.1 (3.9–4.2) (p = .01) and at day 3, the values were 3.3 (2.6–4.0) and 4.3 (4.1–4.6), respectively (p < .01). The prognostic ability of NPi, defined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was best at day three.ConclusionQuantitative pupillometry measured by NPi was not different in the two TTM groups, but overall, significantly associated with good and poor neurological outcomes at 6 months. NPI has a promising diagnostic accuracy, but larger studies are warranted.
Measurement invariance of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale in Project MATCH: An exploratory structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Richards Dylan K. , Schwebel Frank J. , Cowie Kiefer D. , Pearson Matthew R. , Witkiewitz Katie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProgression through the stages of change is a proposed mechanism underlying the effects of treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, examining stages of change as a mechanism of treatment effects requires that the measure be invariant across patient subgroups, treatment conditions, and time. In this study, we examined measurement invariance of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) in Project MATCH using an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) approach.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from Project MATCH (N = 1726; Mage = 40.2, SD = 10.9; 75.7% male; 80% non‐Hispanic white), a multisite randomized clinical trial that tested three AUD treatments: Motivational Enhancement Therapy, Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy, or Twelve‐Step Facilitation. Participants completed the 24‐item URICA for assessing the stages of change in relation to drinking at baseline and post‐treatment (3 months after baseline).ResultsA 4‐factor ESEM provided a good fit to the data and a better fit to the data than a conventional 4‐factor confirmatory factor analysis model. Further, the URICA demonstrated scalar invariance across each patient subgroup at baseline (sex, ethnicity, marital status, education, and parental history of AUD) and treatment condition at follow‐up. However, the URICA was not longitudinally invariant as the metric model resulted in a significant decrement in model fit.ConclusionsMeasurement invariance of the URICA over time was not supported. Longitudinally invariant measures of the stages of change are needed to test the proposal that progression through the stages explains treatment effects.
Stability and change in the interpretation of facial emotions in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Lindinger Nadine M. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Dodge Neil C. , Malcolm‐Smith Susan , Molteno Christopher D. , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Jacobson Sandra W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to identify and interpret facial emotions plays a critical role in effective social functioning, which may be impaired in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We previously reported deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) on the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” (RME) test, which assesses the interpretation of facial emotion. This follow‐up study in adolescents was designed to determine whether this impairment persists or represents a developmental delay; to classify the RME stimuli by valence (positive, negative, or neutral) and determine whether RME deficits differ by affective valence; and to explore how components of executive function mediate these associations.MethodsThe RME stimuli were rated and grouped according to valence. Sixty‐two participants who had been administered the RME in late childhood (mean ± SD = 11.0 ± 0.4 years) were re‐administered this test during adolescence (17.2 ± 0.6 years). Overall and valence‐specific RME accuracy was examined in relation to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and FASD diagnosis.ResultsChildren with FAS (n = 8) and PFAS (n = 15) performed more poorly on the RME than non‐syndromal heavily exposed (HE; n = 19) and control individuals (n = 20). By adolescence, the PFAS group performed similarly to HE and controls, whereas the FAS group continued to perform more poorly. No deficits were seen for positively valenced items in any of the groups. For negative and neutral items, in late childhood individuals with FAS and PFAS performed more poorly than HE and controls, but by adolescence only the FAS group continued to perform more poorly. Test–retest reliability was moderate across the two ages. At both timepoints, the effects in the FAS group were partially mediated by Verbal Fluency but not by other aspects of executive function.ConclusionsIndividuals with full FAS have greater difficulty interpreting facial emotions than those with non‐syndromal HE and healthy controls in both childhood and adolescence. By contrast, RME deficits in individuals with PFAS in childhood represent developmental delay.
Electrochemical methods to discriminate technology and provenance of Apulian red‐figured pottery. I. VIMP and SECM
Authors: Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Giannuzzi Michele , Mangone Annarosa , Giannossa Lorena Carla 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVoltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) and scanning electrochemical microscopy techniques are combined to study nanosamples from 60 Apulian red‐figured pottery objects from six Apulian archaeological sites (Altamura, Arpi, Conversano, Egnazia, Monte Sannace, Taranto) and three Attic samples from Pella. The VIMP signatures corresponding to the electrocatalytic effect of microparticulate deposits of the clay body and the black gloss on the oxygen evolution reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction are obtained. These signatures provide information on the reducing/oxidizing conditions of firing. The combination of the above voltammetric data permits us to distinguish between Apulian production and Attic importations as well as to discriminate the productions from different archaeological sites or even within different technologies in samples from the same site.
Environmental justice and climate change policies
Authors: Resnik David B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change is an environmental justice issue because it is likely to cause disproportionate harm to low‐income countries and low‐income populations in higher‐income countries. While climate change mitigation and adaptation policies may be able to minimize these harms, they could make them worse unless they are developed and implemented with an eye toward promoting justice and fairness. Those who view climate change as an environmental justice issue should be wary of endorsing policies that sound like they promote the cause of social and economic justice, but in fact do not. While climate change policies may help to mitigate the effects of climate change on poor people, there is no guarantee that they will be just at the local, national, or global level. Those who care about global climate justice must remain actively engaged in policy formation and implementation to ensure that justice does not get shortchanged in the response to global warming.
Do we need repeat transurethral resection after en bloc resection for pathological T1 bladder cancer?
Authors: Yanagisawa Takafumi , Sato Shun , Hayashida Yasushi , Okada Yohei , Iwatani Kosuke , Matsukawa Akihiro , Kimura Takahiro , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Egawa Shin , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Miki Jun 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical significance of repeat transurethral resection (reTUR) and surgical margin status after en bloc resection of bladder tumour (ERBT) for pathological T1 (pT1) bladder cancer.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the record of 106 patients with pT1 high‐grade bladder cancer who underwent ERBT between April 2013 and February 2021 at multiple institutions. All specimens were reviewed by a genitourinary pathologist. The primary outcome measures were recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) between patients with and those without reTUR. We also analysed the predictive value of surgical margin on the likelihood of residual tumour on reTUR.ResultsA reTUR was performed in 50 of the 106 patients. The 2‐year RFS and 3‐year PFS were comparable between patients who underwent reTUR and those who did not (55.1% vs 59.9%, P = 0.6, 80.6% vs 82.6%, P = 0.6, respectively). No patient was upstaged to pT2 on reTUR. Regarding the surgical margin status, there were no recurrences at the original site in 51 patients with negative horizontal margins. Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that a positive vertical margin was an independent prognostic factor of worse PFS. On reTUR, six pTa/is residues were detected in patients with a positive horizontal margin, and three pT1 residues were detected in one patient with a positive vertical margin or other adverse pathological features.ConclusionsA reTUR after ERBT for pT1 bladder cancer appears not to improve either recurrence or progression. Surgical margin status affects prognosis and reTUR outcomes. A reTUR can be omitted after ERBT in patients with pT1 bladder cancer and negative margins; for those with positive horizontal or vertical margins, reTUR should remain the standard until proven otherwise.