bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention and platypuses
Authors: Shomstein Sarah , Zhang Xiaoli , Dubbelde Dick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis perspective piece discusses a set of attentional phenomena that are not easily accommodated within current theories of attentional selection. We call these phenomena attentional platypuses, as they allude to an observation that within biological taxonomies the platypus does not fit into either mammal or bird categories. Similarly, attentional phenomena that do not fit neatly within current attentional models suggest that current models are in need of a revision. We list a few instances of the “attentional platypuses” and then offer a new approach, that we term dynamically weighted prioritization, stipulating that multiple factors impinge onto the attentional priority map, each with a corresponding weight. The interaction between factors and their corresponding weights determines the current state of the priority map which subsequently constrains/guides attentional allocation. We propose that this new approach should be considered as a supplement to existing models of attention, especially those that emphasize categorical organizations.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Attention
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Neuroscience > Cognition
Considerations on Copper Smelting from Fahlores and the Metallurgy of Cu-As Bronzes
Authors: Haubner Roland , Strobl Susanne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe copper production in the Alps began three thousand years BC, usually near ore deposits in Austria and Switzerland. For copper smelting, sulphidic ores like chalcopyrite and fahlores were used. Copper produced from fahlores was widely used in the Alps resulting in As and Sb contents in the metallic copper. Such copper alloys were generally referred to as arsenical bronzes. However, in ancient bronze objects, a wide range of arsenic content was observed. One question relates to how much arsenic is transferred into the bronze alloy during smelting. By thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, the roasting and smelting processes are simulated and show that As reacts already to gaseous As compounds before Cu2S is attacked and metallic Cu is formed. In case of Sb liquid, Sb2O3 is formed quickly during roasting and is finally enriched in the slag.These results have been confirmed by the investigation of an ancient copper ingot containing 4 wt. % As and 2.5 wt. % S as well as smaller quantities of Sb, Ni, Fe, and Ag. The main phases apart from metallic copper are Cu3As, Cu2S, and Sb oxide. In a slag sample, an inclusion was characterized containing chalcopyrite, FeO, and Sb oxide This result is in accordance with the thermodynamic calculations where Sb2O3 was obtained.Another interesting point is the As loss of arsenical bronzes during remelting. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations reveal that Cu3As is very stable and during remelting no evaporation of As is observed. Moreover, during oxidation of metallic Cu-As, the formation of Cu2O is favoured from Cu and not from Cu3As. Consequently during melting of Cu-As for casting, at first Cu2O is formed resulting in an As enrichment in the melt and in the casted object, respectively. These effects are superimposed and, if recycled Cu alloys are used, the starting concentration of As is unknown.
Presupposition processing declines with age
Authors: Reinecke Robert , di Paola Simona , Domaneschi Filippo , Fossard Marion 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the processing of presuppositions across the life span and extends the findings of the only available study on presupposition processing and typical aging by Domaneschi and Di Paola (J Pragmat 140:70–87, 2019). In an online and offline task, we investigate the impact of cognitive load during the processing and recovery of two presupposition triggers—definite descriptions and change-of-state verbs—comparing a group of younger adults with a group of older adults. The collected experimental data show that (1) presupposition recovery declines during normal aging, (2) presupposition recovery of change-of-state verbs is more cognitively demanding for older adults than the recovery of definite descriptions, and lastly (3) presupposition recovery for the change-of-state verbbeginis more demanding than the change-of-state verbstop. As of today, few works have directly investigated presupposition processing across the life span. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work revealing that cognitive load directly impacts the recovery of presuppositions across the life span, which in turn suggests an involvement of verbal working memory.
Sustainable closed-loop supply chain with energy efficiency: Lagrangian relaxation, reformulations and heuristics
Authors: Soleimani Hamed , Chhetri Prem , Fathollahi-Fard Amir M. , Mirzapour Al-e-Hashem S. M. J. , Shahparvari Shahrooz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch on the development of sustainable supply chain models is highly active nowadays. Merging the concept of supply chain management with sustainable development goals, leads to simultaneous consideration of all economic, environmental and social factors. This paper addresses the design of a sustainable closed-loop supply chain including suppliers, manufacturers, distribution centers, customer zones, and disposal centers considering the consumption of energy. In addition, the distribution centers play the roles of warehouse and collection centers. The problem involves three choices of remanufacturing, recycling, and disposing the returned items. The objectives are including the total profit, energy consumption and the number of created job opportunities. As far as we know, these objectives are rarely considered in a sustainable closed-loop supply chain model. The proposed model also responds to the customer demand and also addresses the real-life constraints for location, allocation and inventory decisions in a closed-loop supply chain framework. Another novelty of this research is to develop a set of efficient Lagrangian relaxation reformulations and fast heuristics for solving a real-world numerical example. The results have revealed that the obtained solution is feasible and the developed solution algorithm is highly efficient for solving supply chain models. Finally, a comprehensive discussion is provided to highlight our findings and managerial insights from our results.
Brain trauma impacts retinal processing: photoreceptor pathway interactions in traumatic light sensitivity
Authors: Tyler Christopher W. , Likova Lora T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Concussion-induced light sensitivity, or traumatic photalgia, is a lifelong debilitating problem for upwards of 50% of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cases, though of unknown etiology. We employed spectral analysis of electroretinographic (ERG) responses to assess retinal changes in mTBI as a function of the degree of photalgia.

Methods
The design was a case–control study of the changes in the ERG waveform as a function of level of light sensitivity in individuals who had suffered incidents of mild traumatic brain injury. The mTBI participants were categorized into non-, mild-, and severe-photalgic groups based on their spectral nociophysical settings. Light-adapted ERG responses were recorded from each eye for 200 ms on–off stimulation of three spectral colors (R:red, G:green, and B:blue) and their sum (W:white) at the highest pain-free intensity level for each participant. The requirement of controls for testing hypersensitive individuals at lower light levels was addressed by recording a full light intensity series in the control group.

Results
Both the b-wave and the photopic negative response (PhNR) were significantly reduced in the non-photalgic mTBI group relative to controls. In the photalgic groups, the main b-wave peak shifted to the timing of the rod b-wave, with reduced amplitude at the timing of the cone response.

Conclusion
These results suggest the interpretation that the primary etiology of the painful light sensitivity in mTBI is release of the rod pathway from cone-mediated inhibition at high light levels, causing overactivation of the rod pathway.
Ambiguity and enforcement
Authors: Calford Evan M. , DeAngelo Gregory 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLaw enforcement officials face numerous decisions regarding their enforcement choices. One important decision, that is often controversial, is the amount of knowledge that law enforcement distributes to the community regarding their policing strategies. Assuming the goal is to minimize criminal activity (alternatively, maximize citation rates), our theoretical analysis suggests that agencies should reveal (shroud) their resource allocation if criminals are uncertainty seeking, and shroud (reveal) their allocation if criminals are uncertainty averse. We run a laboratory experiment to test our theoretical framework, and find that enforcement behavior is approximately optimal given the observed non-expected utility uncertainty preferences of criminals.
Preclinical development of the quadrivalent meningococcal (ACYW) tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine, MenQuadfi®
Authors: Kensinger Richard , Arunachalam Arun B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines are generally poorly immunogenic in infants and older adults. The immunogenicity of capsular polysaccharide vaccines can be improved by conjugating them to immunogenic carrier proteins. One of the most recently licensed conjugate vaccines is the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine with serogroups A, C, Y, and W conjugated to a tetanus toxoid protein carrier (MenACYW-TT; MenQuadfi, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA). MenACYW-TT was developed to induce optimal immune responses against each of the meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y, and across all age groups, especially infants and older adults (those aged ≥ 50 years). Here, we detail the early iterative vaccine development approach taken, whereby many different ‘small-scale’ conjugate vaccine candidates were prepared and examined for immunogenicity in a mouse model to identify the most immunogenic vaccine. Additional insights from phase I clinical studies informed further optimization of the vaccine candidates by tailoring their conjugation parameter attributes for the optimal immune response in humans. The parameters studied included: different carrier proteins [PR]; polysaccharide [PS] sizes; conjugation chemistries [linker vs. no-linker; lattice vs. neoglycoprotein; activation/derivatization levels]; conjugate size; PS:PR loading ratio; percent free PS; percent free PR; andO-acetylation content. The lead quadrivalent conjugate vaccine (polysaccharides of > 50 kDa size conjugated to TT at a high PS:PR ratio via reductive amination for serogroups C, W and Y, and carbonyldiimidazole/adipic acid dihydrazide linker chemistry for serogroup A) empirically identified from the extensive preclinical studies, was ultimately confirmed by the robust antibody responses observed in all age groups in the various clinical studies, including in the most challenging infant and older adult age groups, and subsequently led to the licensed formulation.Graphical abstract
Student voice in higher education: the importance of distinguishing student representation and student partnership
Authors: Matthews K. E. , Dollinger M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStudent representation and student partnership differ and the difference matters. To further scholarly understanding of, and appreciation for, the important difference between the two, we examine these two commonly evoked conceptions for student voice in higher education. We draw on two points of difference—responsibility and access—to illuminate conceptualisations and discourses of each in the current literature. In doing so, we clarify the unique contributions of each, shaped by differing contexts of interaction, and articulate issues arising by confounding and conflating partnership and representation in the name of student voice. Advancing an argument for an ecosystem of student participation grounded in student voice, we warn of the harm in positioning student partners as speaking for other students and the risk of diminishing the importance of elected student representation systems in favour of staff selected student partner models of student representation.
COPD lung studies of Nrf2 expression and the effects of Nrf2 activators
Authors: Li Jian , Baker James , Higham Andrew , Shah Rajesh , Montero-Fernandez Angeles , Murray Clare , Cooper Nicky , Lucas Cathy , Fox Craig , Singh Dave , Lea Simon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Nrf2 regulates cellular antioxidant defence in lung cells, including epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages (AM). The Nrf2/Keap-1 pathway can be modulated by activators with different modes of action; electrophilic compounds and protein–protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors.
We assessed Nrf2 and Keap-1 protein and gene levels in COPD compared to controls and the effect of Nrf2 activators on COPD AM.

Methods
Lung resected tissue from non-smokers, smokers and COPD patients were analysed for epithelial and AM expression of Nrf2 and Keap-1 by imunoshistochemistry and by qPCR in isolated AM. AM were cultured with Nrf2 activators CDDO, C4X_6665, GSK7, MMF and Sulforaphane. Expression of Nrf2 target genes NQO1, HMOX1 SOD1 and TXNRD1 and NQO1 activity were assessed.

Results
Nrf2 and Keap-1 expression was not altered in the epithelium or AM of COPD patients compared to controls. NQO1 activity was downregulated, while NQO1, HMOX1, SOD1 and TXNRD1 gene expression increased in COPD patients. All Nrf2 activators increased NQO1 activity, and NQO1, HMOX1, SOD1 and TXNRD1 expression in AMs from both COPD and smokers. The potency of C4X_6665 on NQO1 activity and regulation of Nrf2 target gene expression was higher than other compounds.

Conclusion
There is evidence of dysregulation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway in AM from COPD patients. The higher potency of the novel PPI Nrf2 compound C4X_6665 for inducing antioxidant activity and gene expression compared to electrophilic and other PPI Nrf2 activators highlights the therapeutic potential of this compound to address Nrf2 pathway dysregulation in COPD AM.
An Empirical Investigation on Business Analytics in Software and Systems Development Projects
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Ovais , Ahmad Iftikhar , Rana Nripendra P. , Khan Iqra Sadaf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo create competitive advantages, companies are leaning towards business analytics (BA) to make data-driven decisions. Nevertheless, users acceptance and effective usage of BA is a key element for its success. Around the globe, organizations are increasingly adopting BA, however, a paucity of research on examining the drivers of BA adoption and its continuance is noticeable in the literature. This is evident in developing countries where a higher number of systems and software development projects are outsourced. This is the first study to examine BA continuance in the context of software and systems development projects from the perspective of Pakistani software professionals. The data was collected from 186 Pakistani software professionals working in software and systems development projects. The data were analyzed using partial least squares - structural equation modelling techniques. Our structural model explains 45% variance on BA continuance intention, 69% variance on technological compatibility, and 59% variance on perceived usefulness. Our results show that confirmation has a direct impact on BA continuance intention in software and systems projects. The study has both theoretical and practical implications for professionals in the field of business analytics.
Design and Evaluation of a Conversational Agent for Facilitating Idea Generation in Organizational Innovation Processes
Authors: Poser Mathis , Küstermann Gerrit C. , Tavanapour Navid , Bittner Eva A. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarge numbers of incomplete, unclear, and unspecific submissions on idea platforms hinder organizations to exploit the full potential of open innovation initiatives as idea selection is cumbersome. In a design science research project, we develop a design for a conversational agent (CA) based on artificial intelligence to facilitate contributors in generating elaborate ideas on idea platforms where human facilitation is not scalable. We derive prescriptive design knowledge in the form of design principles, instantiate, and evaluate the CA in two successive evaluation episodes. The design principles contribute to the current research stream on automated facilitation and can guide providers of idea platforms to enhance idea generation and subsequent idea selection processes. Results indicate that CA-based facilitation is engaging for contributors and yields well-structured and elaborated ideas.
Trends and Trajectories in the Software Industry: implications for the future of work
Authors: Laato Samuli , Mäntymäki Matti , Islam A. K.M. Najmul , Hyrynsalmi Sami , Birkstedt Teemu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we explore prominent contemporary technology trajectories in the software industry and how they are expected to influence the work in the software industry. Consequently, we build on cultural lag theory to analyze how technological changes affect work in software development. We present the results from a series of expert interviews that were analyzed using the Gioia method. Moreover, we identify a set of technology trends pertinent to software development from which we derive four main changes affecting the future of work in software development: (1) a shift toward scalable solutions, (2) increased emphasis on data, (3) convergence of IT and non-IT industries, and (4) the cloud as the dominant computing paradigm. Accordingly, this study contains insights into how technology (as an element of material culture) influences non-material culture, as exemplified by the work involved in software development.
Autistic People’s Perinatal Experiences II: A Survey of Childbirth and Postnatal Experiences
Authors: Hampton S. , Allison C. , Baron-Cohen S. , Holt R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQualitative accounts indicate there are sensory and communication related barriers to adequate childbirth and postnatal healthcare for autistic people. However, little quantitative work has explored the topic. This online survey study explored childbirth and postnatal experiences among 384 autistic and 492 non-autistic people. Compared with non-autistic people, autistic people were more likely to find the sensory aspects of birth overwhelming, and experienced lower satisfaction with birth-related and postnatal healthcare. Autistic people were more likely to experience postnatal depression and anxiety. The findings highlight that sensory and communication adjustments should be made to birth and postnatal healthcare for autistic people. The findings indicate the need for greater autism understanding among professionals and greater postnatal mental health support for autistic people.
Density and excess volume of the liquid Ti–V system measured in electromagnetic levitation
Authors: Reiplinger Benedikt , Brillo Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe density of the liquid Ti–V system was systematically measured using the optical dilatometry method in electromagnetic levitation. Possible error sources have been discussed and minimized. A linear temperature dependency with negative slope of the density was found for all investigated alloys. Pure vanadium shows the highest density with$${\rho }_{V}\left(T\right)=5.55\pm 0.03{\mathrm{gcm}}^{-3}-6.01\pm 0.52 {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{gcm}}^{-3}{\mathrm{K}}^{-1}$$ρVT=5.55±0.03gcm-3-6.01±0.5210-4gcm-3K-1, pure titanium the lowest at$${\rho }_{Ti}\left(T\right)=4.21\pm 0.02{\mathrm{gcm}}^{-3}-3.46\pm 0.30 {10}^{-4}{\mathrm{gcm}}^{-3}{\mathrm{K}}^{-1}$$ρTiT=4.21±0.02gcm-3-3.46±0.3010-4gcm-3K-1with every measured alloy ranging between these two extrema. The molar volume was utilized in order to interpret the compositional density dependency. No significant excess volume was evident. It was therefore shown that the Ti–V system acts like an ideal solution regarding density, molar volume and temperature coefficient. This result allows to reliably calculate the density for the complete Ti–V system at any given temperature.
Solar collector tilt angle optimization for solar power plant setup-able sites at Western Himalaya and correlation formulation
Authors: Awasthi Anchal , Kallioğlu Mehmet Ali , Sharma Ashutosh , Mohan Anand , Chauhan Ranchan , Singh Tej 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTilt angle optimization of the solar collector is essential to achieve maximum power output. In this study, the performance analysis of monthly and yearly optimum tilt angles has been carried out for solar power plant setup-able sites in the Western Himalayan region of India. A mathematic model has been used for optimum tilt angle assessment. Annual average performance enhancement for monthly optimum tilt angles is 10–11%, 5–7% and 4–6% from horizontal, tilted at the latitude and tilted at an optimum tilt angle, respectively. Validation of the results has been carried out by mounting a polycrystalline PV panel at one of the suggested plant setup-able sites (ϕ30° 51′ 1.656′′, L 77° 3′ 41.508′′). The percentage variations found in experimental results are 8.85, 9.13 and 14.09 from horizontal, tilted at the latitude and tilted at yearly optimum tilt angle PV panel, respectively. To generalize the obtained result, correlations in terms of latitude and declination angle have also been formulated for yearly and monthly optimum tilt angles, respectively. The preciseness of the developed correlations has been validated by statistical tools. The results from this study have also been compared with the results of some previous studies, and good agreement has been obtained.
Risk-taking and others
Authors: Lindskog Annika , Martinsson Peter , Medhin Haileselassie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReal-life risk decisions are taken in a social context. However, we still know little about how that affects risk decisions. We have experimentally investigated the effect of social comparison on risk taking. We designed an experiment that allows us to isolate social comparison from other channels whereby the social context can affect risk decisions. The design also allows us to find impacts of the social reference point both if the individual cares about the distance to the social reference point and if she cares about her rank. Thus, we compare risk-taking in isolation to risk-taking with various exogenously imposed social reference points. We find that risk-taking is affected by the desire to get ahead of others, both when the social reference point is within reach (rank can be affected) and when it is out of reach (rank cannot be affected). Our results suggest that people do not only care about rank but also care about the distance to the social reference point.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic-related policies on new firm creation: an analysis of the Italian case
Authors: Piva Evila , Guerini Massimiliano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work contributes to disaster research by exploring the impact on new firm creation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the pandemic-related policies. We develop hypotheses on the individual and combined effects of pandemic severity and public policies aimed at controlling the spread of the disease (shutdown policies) or protecting the economy from its negative consequences (demand stimulus and firm support policies). Then, we test these hypotheses using data on Italy in the first and second 2020 pandemic waves. Results show that pandemic severity negatively affected new firm creation during the first wave. Shutdown policies had negative effects too, especially in the regions where the pandemic was less severe. The effects of demand stimulus policies were positive and stronger the less severe the pandemic was while the impact of firm support policies was negative in the regions where the pandemic was more severe. All these effects vanished in the second wave.