bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of partial restorative treatment on stress distributions in non-carious cervical lesions: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Luo Xin , Rong Qiguo , Luan Qingxian , Yu Xiaoqian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPartial restoration combined with periodontal root coverage surgery can be applied to the treatment of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) accompanied with gingival recessions in clinical practice. However, the feasibility of NCCL partial restorative treatment from a biomechanical perspective remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of partial restorations on stress distributions in the NCCLs of mandibular first premolars via three-dimensional finite element analysis.MethodsThree-dimensional finite element models of buccal wedge-shaped NCCLs in various locations of a defected zenith (0 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm) were constructed and divided into three groups (A, B, and C). Three partially restored NCCL models with different locations of the lower restoration border (1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm), and one completely restored NCCL model were further constructed for each group. The following restorative materials were used in all restoration models: composite resin (CR), glass-ionomer cement (GIC), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The first principal stress distributions under buccal oblique loads of 100 N were analyzed. Restoration bond failures were also evaluated based on stress distributions at dentin-restoration interfaces.ResultsWhen the partial restoration fully covered the defected zenith, the first principal stress around the zenith decreased and the maximum tensile stress was concentrated at the lower restoration border. When the partial restoration did not cover the defected zenith, the first principal stress distribution patterns were similar to those in unrestored models, with the maximum tensile stress remaining concentrated at the zenith. As the elastic modulus of the restorative material was altered, the stress distributions at the interface were not obviously changed. Restoration bond failures were not observed in CR, but occurred in GIC and MTA in most models.ConclusionsPartial restorations that fully covered defected zeniths improved the stress distributions in NCCLs, while the stress distributions were unchanged or worsened under other circumstances. CR was the optimal material for partial restorations compared to GIC and MTA.
Health related quality of life, service utilization and costs for patients with Huntington’s disease in Norway
Authors: van Walsem Marleen R. , Frich Jan C. , Gómez Castañeda Monica , Howe Emilie Isager , Pihlstrøm Lasse , Andelic Nada , Aas Eline 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive genetic neurodegenerative disease accompanied by mental and neurocognitive disabilities, which requires long-term and comprehensive treatment and care. Information on the health and economic burden of HD is scarce, but essential for conducting health economic analyses, in light of the prospect of new therapies for HD. In this study, we aim to identify values for Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), describe service utilization and costs, and their associations with clinical and socio-demographic variables across all phases of HD.

Methods
A cross-sectional study including 86 patients across all phases of HD. Values of HRQoL were calculated based on EQ-5D-3L index scores. Additionally, health care and societal costs were estimated based on service utilization collected using the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) and data from the patients’ interviews. Total societal costs included costs of primary and secondary health care services, informal care and productivity loss of the patients. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate associations between socio-demographic and clinical variables on HRQoL and costs.

Results
HRQoL values declined, while total costs increased across disease severity. Total six-month healthcare costs and total societal costs were € 18,538 and € 66,789 respectively. Healthcare and societal costs doubled from early to middle phase, and tripled from middle to advanced disease phase. Main six-month cost components for the three disease phases were informal care costs (€ 30,605) accounting for approximately half the total societal costs, and costs due to production loss (€ 18,907) being slightly higher than the total healthcare costs. Disease severity and gender were found to have the strongest effect on both values of HRQoL and costs.

Conclusions
Reported values of HRQoL and costs including costs for production loss may be used in modelling the cost-effectiveness of treatment for HD. Our results highlight the crucial role the informal caregivers play in the care provided to HD patients in all disease phases. Future research should focus on the estimation of productivity loss among informal caregivers.
Association of shift work with incident dementia: a community-based cohort study
Authors: Liao Huanquan , Pan Dong , Deng Zhenhong , Jiang Jingru , Cai Jinhua , Liu Ying , He Baixuan , Lei Ming , Li Honghong , Li Yi , Xu Yongteng , Tang Yamei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Some observational studies had found that shift work would increase risks of metabolic disorders, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases, but there was no homogeneous evidence of such an association between shift work and incident dementia. This study aimed to investigate whether shift work would increase the risk of dementia in a general population.

Methods
One hundred seventy thousand seven hundred twenty-two employed participants without cognitive impairment or dementia at baseline recruited between 2006 and 2010 were selected from the UK Biobank cohort study. Follow-up occurred through June 2021. Shift work status at baseline was self-reported by participants and they were categorized as non-shift workers or shift workers. Among shift workers, participants were further categorized as night shift workers or shift but non-night shift workers. The primary outcome was all-cause dementia in a time-to-event analysis, and the secondary outcomes were subtypes of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other types of dementia.

Results
In total, 716 dementia cases were observed among 170,722 participants over a median follow-up period of 12.4 years. Shift workers had an increased risk of all-cause dementia as compared with non-shift workers after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.58); however, among shift workers, night shift work was not associated with the risk of dementia (HR, 1.04, 95% CI, 0.73–1.47). We found no significant interaction between shift work and genetic predisposition to dementia on the primary outcome (P for interaction = 0.77).

Conclusions
Shift work at baseline was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. Among shift workers, there was no significant association between night shift work and the risk of dementia. The increased incidence of dementia in shift workers did not differ between participants in different genetic risk strata for dementia.
Bioassay-guided isolation and characterization of lead antimicrobial compounds from Acacia hydaspica plant extract
Authors: Afsar Tayyaba , Razak Suhail , Almajwal Ali , Shabbir Maria , Khan Khushbukhat , Trembley Janeen , Alruwaili Nawaf W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcacia hydaspica possesses varied pharmacological attributes. We aimed to examine the antimicrobial potential and isolate the active antimicrobial metabolites. The plant extract was fractionated and the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract, fractions and compounds was tested by agar well diffusion and agar tube dilution and broth dilution methods. Bacterial strains selected for bioactivity testing were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii while selected strains from kingdom fungi were Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus. The active compounds were isolated from Acacia hydaspica by bioassay-guided fractionation and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and spectroscopic techniques. S. aureus cell surface proteins, Autolysins (Atl), Clumping factor A (ClfA), and Fibronectin Binding Proteins (FnBP), were molecularly docked with Catechin 3-O-gallate (CG) and Methyl gallate (MG) and binding energy and molecular interactions between the proteins and compounds were analyzed. Ethyl acetate (AHE) and Butanol (AHB) fractions of A. hydaspica were the most active fractions against tested microbial strains. Therefore, both were subjected to bioassay-directed fractionation which led to the isolation of one pure active antimicrobial AHE and one active pure compound from AHB fraction besides active enriched isolates. Methyl-gallate (MG) and catechin-3-gallate (CG) are active compounds extracted from AHE and AHB fractions respectively. In antibacterial testing MG significantly inhibited the growth of E. coli (MIC50 = 21.5 µg/ml), B. subtilus (MIC50 = 23 µg/ml) and S. aureus (MIC50 = 39.1 µg/ml) while moderate to low activity was noticed against other tested bacterial strains. Antifungal testing reveals that MG showed potent antifungal activity against F. solani (MIC50 = 33.9 µg/ml) and A. niger (MIC50 = 41.5 µg/ml) while lower antifungal activity was seen in other tested strains. AHB fractions and pure compound (CG) showed specific antibacterial activity against S. aureus only (MIC50 = 10.1 µg/ml) while compound and enriched fractions showed moderate to no activity against other bacterial and fungal strains respectively. Molecular docking analysis revealed that CG interacted more strongly with the cell surface proteins than MG. Among these proteins, CG made a stronger complex with ClfA (binding affinity − 9.7) with nine hydrophobic interactions and five hydrogen bonds. Methyl gallate (MG) and catechin 3-O-gallate (CG) are the major antimicrobial compound from A. hydaspica that inhibit the growth of specific microbes. The occurrence of MG and CG endorse the traditional antimicrobial applicability of A. hydaspica, and it can be a legitimate alternative to control specific microbial infections.
Effectiveness of the chronic care model for adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Goh Lay Hoon , Siah Chiew Jiat Rosalind , Tam Wilson Wai San , Tai E Shyong , Young Doris Yee Ling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMixed evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) with patient outcomes. The aim of this review is to examine the effectiveness of CCM interventions on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), LDL cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) among primary care adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from January 1990 to June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CCM interventions against usual care among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care with HbA1c, SBP, DBP, LDL cholesterol and BMI as outcomes. An abbreviated search was performed from 2021 to April 2022. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for data extraction and Cochrane risk of bias assessment. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using χ2andI2test statistics. Overall effects were evaluated usingZstatistic.ResultsA total of 17 studies involving 16485 patients were identified. Most studies had low risks of bias. Meta-analysis of all 17 studies revealed that CCM interventions significantly decreased HbA1clevels compared to usual care, with a mean difference (MD) of −0.21%, 95% CI −0.30, −0.13;Z= 5.07,p<0.00001. Larger effects were experienced among adults with baseline HbA1c≥8% (MD −0.36%, 95% CI −0.51, −0.21;Z= 5.05,p<0.00001) and when four or more CCM elements were present in the interventions (MD −0.25%, 95% CI −0.35, −0.15;Z= 4.85,p<0.00001). Interventions with CCM decreased SBP (MD −2.93 mmHg, 95% CI −4.46, −1.40,Z= 3.75,p=0.0002) and DBP (MD −1.35 mmHg, 95% CI −2.05, −0.65,Z= 3.79,p=0.0002) compared to usual care but there was no impact on LDL cholesterol levels or BMI.ConclusionsCCM interventions, compared to usual care, improve glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care, with greater reductions when the mean baseline HbA1cis ≥8% and with interventions containing four or more CCM elements.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021273959
Federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture: key technologies, applications and challenges
Authors: Bao Guanming , Guo Ping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, with the rapid growth of edge data, the novel cloud-edge collaborative architecture has been proposed to compensate for the lack of data processing power of traditional cloud computing. On the other hand, on account of the increasing demand of the public for data privacy, federated learning has been proposed to compensate for the lack of security of traditional centralized machine learning. Deploying federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture is widely considered to be a promising cyber infrastructure in the future. Although each cloud-edge collaboration and federated learning is hot research topic respectively at present, the discussion of deploying federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture is still in its infancy and little research has been conducted. This article aims to fill the gap by providing a detailed description of the critical technologies, challenges, and applications of deploying federated learning in cloud-edge collaborative architecture, and providing guidance on future research directions.
Salix subserrata Bark Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Neurotoxicity Induced by Sodium Arsenate in Rats in Relation with HPLC–PDA-ESI–MS/MS Profile
Authors: Hamdan Daila I. , Tawfeek Nora , El-Shiekh Riham A. , Khalil Heba M. A. , Mahmoud Mohamed Y. , Bakr Alaa F. , Zaafar Dalia , Farrag Nawaal , Wink Michael , El-Shazly Assem Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pollution is a worldwide environmental risk. Arsenic (As) is an environmental pollutant with a major health concern due to its toxic effects on multiple body organs, including the brain. Humans are exposed to As through eating contaminated food and water or via skin contact. Salix species (willow) are plants with medicinal efficacy. Salix subserrata Willd bark extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SBE.CNPs) was formulated, characterized, and evaluated against As-induced neurotoxicity. The stem bark was selected for nanoparticle formulation based on HPLC–PDA-ESI–MS/MS profiling and in vitro antioxidant assessment using free radical scavenging activity. SBE.CNPs demonstrated an average un-hydrated diameter of 193.4 ± 24.5 nm and zeta potential of + 39.6 ± 0.4 mV with an encapsulation efficiency of 83.7 ± 4.3%. Compared to As-intoxicated rats, SBE.CNP-treated rats exhibited anxiolytic activity and memory-boosting as evidenced in open field test, light–dark activity box, and Y-maze. Also, it increased the antioxidant biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase associated with reducing the malondialdehyde levels and apoptotic activity. Besides this, SBE.CNPs maintained the brain architecture and downregulated both nuclear factor-kappa B and heme oxygenase-1 expression. These results suggest that SBE.CNP administration showed promising potent neuroprotective and antioxidative efficiencies against arsenic-induced oxidative threats.
Effective medium theory with hybrid impacts of phase symmetry and asymmetry for analyzing phase transition behavior
Authors: Zhou X. C. , Lin W. Y. , Yang F. B. , Zhou X. D. , Shen J. , Huang J. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent research found a hysteresis phenomenon of electric conductance against metallic phase ratio during the thermally driven metal-insulator transition in the vanadium trioxide system. Profoundly exploring the hysteresis mechanism might help analyze the phase transition behavior. However, there is no complete analytical theory to give a quantitative description. In this work, we developed an effective medium theory to predict the relationships between the effective electric conductance and the metallic phase ratio during warming and cooling processes. It reveals that the above hysteresis is due to the hybrid impacts of phase symmetry and asymmetry in spatial distribution (termed space factor). Then, we applied this theory to deduce the nucleation and growth behavior of the minority phase in the majority phase during phase transition. The predicted relationship between metallic phase ratio and temperature is consistent with the experimental results obtained by scanning microwave impedance microscopy. It shows that the above dynamic behaviors during the warming and cooling processes are asymmetrical (termed dynamic factor). Combining the space and dynamic factors, we summarized the thermal hysteresis mechanism of the metal-insulator transition. Finally, we analyzed the influence of these two factors on the electric conductance difference during the warming and cooling processes. The result indicates that adjusting asymmetrical elements in space and dynamic factors is key to controlling thermal hysteresis magnitude. Since the electric conductance in our theory can be replaced by other physical properties, such as thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, and magnetic permeability, this work might help analyze many different phase transition behaviors.
An induced pluripotent stem cell-based model identifies molecular targets of vincristine neurotoxicity
Authors: Tsai Neng-Wei , Lin Cheng-Chen , Yeh Ti-Yen , Chiu Yu-An , Chiu Hsin-Hui , Huang Hsiang-Po , Hsieh Sung-Tsang 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
To model peripheral nerve degeneration and investigate molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we established a cell system of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons exposed to vincristine, a drug that frequently causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Sensory neurons differentiated from iPSCs exhibit distinct neurochemical patterns according to the immunocytochemical phenotypes, and gene expression of peripherin (PRPH, hereafter referred to as Peri) and neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH, hereafter referred to as NF). The majority of iPSC-derived sensory neurons were PRPH positive/NEFH negative, i.e. Peri(+)/NF(−) neurons, whose somata were smaller than those of Peri(+)/NF(+) neurons. On exposure to vincristine, projections from the cell body of a neuron, i.e. neurites, were degenerated quicker than somata, the lethal concentration to kill 50% (LC50) of neurites being below the LC50 for somata, consistent with the clinical pattern of length-dependent neuropathy. We then examined the molecular expression in the MAP kinase signaling pathways of, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (MAPK1/3, hereafter referred to as ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK11/12/13/14, hereafter referred to as p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (MAPK8/9/10, hereafter referred to as JNK). Regarding these three cascades, only phosphorylation of JNK was upregulated but not that of p38 or ERK1/2. Furthermore, vincristine-treatment resulted in impaired autophagy and reduced autophagic flux. Rapamycin-treatment reversed the effect of impaired autophagy and JNK activation. These results not only established a platform to study peripheral degeneration of human neurons but also provide molecular mechanisms for neurodegeneration with the potential for therapeutic targets.
Structural and functional changes in the kidneys of rats with toxic nephropathy after a course of drinking mineral water «DONAT Mg»
Authors: Pavliuk N. , Badiuk N. , Vasiuk V. 
Published: December 2022

Kidney disease of various etiologies affects 6-7% of the total population of the globe. Glomerulonephritis and nephropathy of various etiologies make up a significant part of these kidney lesions. Infectious and non-infectious glomerulonephritis and nephropathy are distinguished, the latter are associated with the influence of environmental factors, including toxic substances, heavy metals and even medications.
Magnesium is considered one of the components of the body's stress-limiting system, since all its effects are aimed at reducing the manifestations of stress and normalizing adaptation processes.
A comparative assessment of changes in the kidneys during the simulation of toxic nephropathy and the influence of magnesium-containing agents on the course of the pathology of the experimental model was carried out.
Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and its associated factors toward COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi older adults
Authors: Roy Deepa , Shuvo Suvasish Das , Hossain Md. Sakhawot , Riazuddin Md. , Mazumdar Sanaullah , Mondal Bappa Kumar , Zahid Md. Ashrafuzzaman 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe newly emerged COVID-19 has an unprecedented impact on all classes of people, particularly the elderly. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of older adults toward COVID-19 are currently unknown. This study aimed to investigate the KAP and its associated factors toward COVID-19 among older adults in Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to May 2021 among Bangladeshi older adults. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from five selected divisions in Bangladesh using simple random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, disease conditions, and KAP toward COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsOut of 900 respondents, the majority of older adults (82.9%) indicated that COVID-19 is a viral disease and the major clinical symptom of COVID-19 (86.5%). Only 22.1% of participants always washed their hands with soap or hand sanitizer, and 27.6% wore a mask to protect against the virus when going outside the home. Overall, 55.2% had adequate knowledge, 50.2% had positive attitudes toward COVID-19 and only 22.7% had good practices. Out of 30 scores, mean score values were 20.8±6.7 in the knowledge section, 21.2±4.3 in the attitude section, and 11.3±6.7 in the practice section out of 30. In binary logistic regression analysis, factors associated with poor knowledge, and practices were being male, aged >70 years, having a primary education, less income <5000BDT, and multimorbidity (p < 0.05). Participants having poor knowledge of COVID-19 had higher likelihood of negative attitudes (OR: 6.79, 95% CI = 4.87–9.47, p < 0.001) and poor practices (OR: 9.15, 95% CI = 6.94–13.16, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings highlight the need for immediate implementation of health education programs and adequate intervention programs for COVID-19 which integrates consideration of associated factors to improve the level of older adults’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices.