bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Sri Lankan Versions of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale
Authors: Kanchana Tanika Gayani , Jayamanne Bernard Deepal , Griffiths Mark D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created unprecedented mental health issues among the worldwide general population. One of the most reported consequences is the fear of COVID-19. The present study translated and validated the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) into Sri Lankan local languages (Sinhalese and Tamil). A total of 286 Sri Lankan adults participated in the study. Both translations of the FCV-19S demonstrated a good fit for the two-factor structure (TLI: 0.90 Sinhalese & 0.89 Tamil) and showed very good internal consistency (α = 0.85 Sinhalese, α = 0.88 Tamil). Concurrent validity indicated positive significant correlations with Kessler’s Psychological Distress Scale (Sinhalese: r=.305, p<.01, Tamil: r=.306, p<.01). The Sinhalese and Tamil FCV-19S demonstrated reliable and valid psychometric properties for assessing fear of COVID-19 among Sri Lankans.
A Novel Defined Risk Signature Based on Lactate-Related Genes can Predicts Prognosis of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hu Ding , Jin Yanyang , Li Zizhi , Huang Weichao , Cao Qingfei , Tong Guangquan , Hong Peng , Shen Tong , Wu Weikang , Tong Ming , Ji Chundong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Lactate is an important carbon source for cell metabolism as well as a signaling molecule in normal, chronic inflammatory and cancer tissues. However, the relationship between lactate and bladder cancer (BLCA) has not been studied yet.
Methods
Expression profiles of the patients with bladder cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas were divided into different clusters using non-negative matrix factorization clustering to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Univariate Cox analysis, Lasso-Cox analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curves were used to developed and validated a prognostic signature for the survival rate of patients. "CIBERSORT" and "ESTIMATE" algorithms were used to quantify the immunocyte content and evaluate tumor purity for different clusters and subgroups. Online tool "Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion" was used to predict the immune escape ability of patients in different scoring subgroups after immunotherapy.
Results
The different clusters according to the expression pattern of lactate-associated genes (LAGs) had significant differences in the survival rate and the tumor microenvironment. Besides, a risk signature constructed by DEGs based on different clusters and verified by the GSE32894 dataset could not only significantly distinguish between the prognosis and clinical features of patients with different scores but was also found to be related to the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Finally, a high accuracy nomogram model was established.
Conclusions
Overall, this research has revealed the relationship between lactate and patient prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy, which may provide novel prognostic biomarkers for patients with BLCA.
Ruta Graveolens, Peganum Harmala and Citrullus Colocynthis Methanolic Extracts Have in Vitro Protoscolocidal Effects and Act Against Bacteria Isolated From Echinococcal Hydatid Cyst Fliud
Authors: Qaisi Yaseen T. Al , Khleifat Khaled , Oran Sawsan A. , Tarawneh Amjad A. Al , Qaralleh Haitham , Al-Qaisi Talal S. , Farah Husni S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Echinococcosis is a common and endemic disease that affects both humans and animals. In this study, the in vitro activities of methanolic extracts of Ruta graveolens, Peganum harmala aerial parts, and Citrullus colocynthis seeds against protoscolosis and isolated bacterial strains from hydatid cysts were assessed using disc diffusion methos and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The chemical composition of aerial sections of R. graveolensand P. harmala, as well as methanolic extracts of C. colocynthis seeds, was studied using LC-MS. These plants produced a total of 26, 31, and 23 chemicals, respectively. The bacteria listed below were isolated from hydatid cyst fluid collected from a variety of sick locations, including the lung and liver. Micrococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter amnigenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans are among the bacteria that have been identified. The most effective extract was R. graveolens, followed by P. harmala and C. colocynthis, according to the results of antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. R. graveolens extract had the lowest MIC values (less than 2 mg/mL) against all microorganisms tested. This shows that the R. graveolens extract has additional properties, such as the ability to be both scolocidal and bactericidal. Because these bacteria are among the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria that increase the risk of secondary infection during hydatid cysts, the results of inhibitory zones and MICs of the R. graveolens methanol extract are considered highly promising.
Inhibitory efficiency evaluation of the phenazopyridine tablet for mild steel corrosion in acidic media
Authors: Naghizade Razieh , Sajadi Ghazal Sadat , Golshani Zahra , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The inhibition performance of phenazopyridine tablet on mild steel in 0.5 M phosphoric acid and 1M hydrochloric acid solutions is investigated using different techniques (potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)). The gained results demonstrated that various concentrations of phenazopyridine inhibited the corrosion of the alloy in both of the acid solutions. The inhibition efficiency raised with a rise in the concentration of the drug and reduced with a rise in temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency is observed in the presence of 500 ppm of the compound. Polarization evaluations displayed that the phenazopyridine acts as a mixed inhibitor in the hydrochloric acid solution and acts as an anodic inhibitor in the phosphoric acid solution. The corrosion parameters derived from the techniques are agreeing with one another. The adsorption mechanism of the tablet on the alloy was investigated by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The entropy of adsorption increased in hydrochloric acid and decreased in phosphoric acid solution. SEM micrographs were taken from the surface of the mild steel after exposure.
COVID-19 vaccine and Menstrual conditions in female: data analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Zhang Bing , Yu Xiao , Liu Jinxing , Liu Pengfei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: In reports of adverse reactions following vaccination with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) vaccines, there have been fewer reports of concern for menstrual disorders in female. Objective: Our study used Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System(VAERS)to investigate and analyze the relationship between COVID-19 Vaccines and menstrual disorders in female. Methods: We collected reports of menstrual disorders in VAERS from July 2, 1990 to November 12, 2021, and performed a stratified analysis. The potential relationship between COVID-19 vaccine and reports of menstrual disorders was evaluated using the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) method. Results: A total of 14,431 reports of menstrual disorders were included in the study, and 13,118 were associated with COVID-19 vaccine. The ROR was 7.83 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]:7.39-8.28). The most commonly reported event was Menstruation irregular (4998 reports), and a higher percentage of female aged 30-49 years reported menstrual disorders (42.55%) after exposure to COVID-19 Vaccines. Both for all reports of menstrual disorders (ROR=5.82; 95%CI:4.93-6.95) and excluding reports of unknown age (ROR=13.02; 95%CI:10.89-15.56), suggest that female age may be associated with menstrual disorders after vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccines. Conclusion: Our study suggests a potential safety signal among female who received the COVID-19 vaccine, which may cause menstrual disorders in young adult female (30-49 years old). However, due to the well-known limitations of spontaneous reporting data, it is challenging to directly define menstrual disorders as an adverse event of the COVID-19 Vaccines, and reports of adverse reactions to COVID-19 Vaccines in this age group should continue to be tracked.
Experimental Determination of Effect of Bushfire on Erosion Development in Different Soil Types
Authors: Arinze Emmanuel Emeka , Ekwueme Benjamin , Obimba-Wogu Jesuborn , Okeke Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tropical forests are increasingly exposed to devastating bushfires leading to increased erosion. This work involve the study of effect of bushfire on erosion development. Four different soil samples from the study area were used for the study. In this study, the post-fire impacts of laboratory fire representing bushfire and subsequent rainfall simulation experiment representing postfire rainfall to evaluate short-term impact of fire on bare soil. The laboratory observations show that bushfire or wildfire affects the erodibility of different types of soil. When the soil under consideration contains meaningful amount of clay, initial exposure to heat tend to cement the soil sample, because clay minerals hardens on exposure to bush burning. However, it is generally observed that at 6 hours exposure to burning, the cementation is adversely affected leading to increased soil loss.
Can Preoperative MRI Predict Intra-operative Hamstring Graft Size in Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Samejima Yuji , Mochizuki Yuta , Ishii Katsuhisa , Ikegami Hiroyasu , Musha Yoshiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Hamstring tendon graft diameters < 8 mm are considered a risk factor for graft failure. There is a lack of data regarding the prediction of double-bundle (DB) hamstring graft diameter using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative MRI can be a predictor of DB hamstring graft diameter and to determine the minimum hamstring tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) on MRI required to produce a hamstring graft equivalent to 8 mm of a single-bundle (SB) graft, in the case of a DB graft.Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction between 2017 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were (1) patients aged 20 years or older and (2) operation with DB reconstruction. The exclusion criteria were (1) multiple ligament injuries, (2) previous hamstring injury, and (3) patients who underwent revision surgery. The correlation between preoperative MRI CSA and anthropometric data and graft size was calculated, and the factors most associated with graft size were calculated using multiple regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also used to calculate the threshold for creating a thicker DB graft.Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 69 patients for this study. There was a positive correlation between intra-operative graft size and height (r = 0.590, P < 0.001), weight (r = 0.485, P < 0.001) and preoperative MRI semitendinosus tendon + gracilis tendon CSA (r = 0.591, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that preoperative MRI CSA was the most influential factor on intra-operative graft size (β = 0.366, 95% CI 0.237-0.946, P = 0.001). Based on the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of MRI CSA for determining the CSA of DB graft corresponding to an SB diameter of 8 mm was 19.1 mm2 (sensitivity 96.3%, specificity 80.0%).Conclusions: MRI CSA was found to be the most relevant factor for graft size. The ability to predict graft diameter by preoperative MRI is beneficial for surgical planning and graft selection and may reduce the risk of failure.Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series
Traditional and novel risk factors of premature coronary heart disease and correlation between Triglyceride-glucose index and multivessel disease
Authors: Wei Ao , Liu Jingjing , Wang Le , Zheng Senshuang , Cong Hongliang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: For a decade, the incidence and global burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) has increased in the young population. To identify the characteristics of premature CHD patients and to determine the risk factors of premature CHD and multivessel disease (MVD).Methods: A total of 2846 patients were enrolled in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Premature CHD is defined as men <45 years and women <55 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the database of patient medical records. Logistic regression models were applied to analyse the characteristics and risk factors of premature CHD and MVD.Results: Most characteristics between premature and mature CHD patients were not statistically significant. A significantly higher rate of dyslipidaemia was found in female premature CHD patients (OR=1.412, 95%CI:1.029-1.936). In the crude models, female patients with the highest TyG index level were more likely to have premature MVD (OR=2.065, 95%CI:1.426-2.991) or mature MVD (OR=1.837, 95%CI:1.104-3.056) than those with the lowest TyG index group instead of premature single-vessel disease. Among male patients, the same trend was observed in mature MVD of CHD (OR=2.272, 95%CI:1.312-3.937). The significance of the TyG index was not revealed in the multivariate analyses; however, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, OMI, and Lp(a) showed a positive association with MVD.Conclusions: Dyslipidaemia should be used as an effective factor for the prediction and prevention of premature CHD in women. The TyG index could be a simple auxiliary indicator to be applied in population-based cardiovascular disease screening for initial identification of vascular disease severity.
Effect of the Concentration of Dissolvent and Reductor Agent in the Synthesis of Tungsten-based Structures Using Microwave Approach and It Use as Catalysts in Dmf Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Flores Miriam Estrada , Guzmán-Barba Tonantzi , Reza-SanGermán Carmen M. , Manríquez-Ramírez María Elena , Rojas-Valencia Oscar G. , Encarnación-Gómez Cecilia , Hernández-Cruz María Guadalupe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tungsten-based structures by microwave approach were synthesized. Four different essays were used to analyze the effect of some synthesis variables; in two of them the effect of the concentration of the solvent was studied using pure ethylene glycol and a mix of ethylene glycol and water, while the other samples the effect of the presence of reductor agent using sodium borohydride was studied. All the samples were prepared using as precursor ammonium tetrathiotungstate and sulfur in excess to incentive the growth of structures enriched in this element, for each synthesis 1 minute of irradiation was used with microwave power level of 1200 watts and frequency of 2.64 GHz. The structural, morphological, and optical characterizations were carried out with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), infrared and uv-vis spectroscopies. By SEM, all the samples demonstrated differences in the size and morphology derivate of the modification of the experimental variables, the order of magnitude of the synthesized materials ranged from 0.01 µm until 6.5 µm, with morphologies of tetragonal prisms, flakes, irregular agglomerates or flower-like depends on the characteristics of the precursor solution. TEM lets to determine the composition of each sample, corroborated also by IR and Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopies. The four samples were used as catalysts in the study of dimethylformamide (DMF) hydrogen donor.
Correlation between UV index, temperature and humidity with respect to incidence and severity of COVID 19 in Spain
Authors: Perez-Gilaberte Juan Blas , Martín-Iranzo Natalia , Aguilera José , Almenara-Blasco Manuel , Galvez María Victoria , Gilaberte Yolanda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Different studies support the inverse correlation between solar exposure and Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. In Spain, the global incidence of COVID-19 is different depending on latitude from Canary Islands to North Spain which could be related with different meteorological conditions as temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet index (UVI). The objective of the present work was to analyze the association between UVI and other relevant environmental factor such as temperature or humidity with the incidence and severity/mortality of COVID19 in different latitudes in Spain.
Methods
An observational prospective study was used to analyzed number of new cases, hospitalizations, patients in critical units as well as mortality and annual variations related to UVI, temperature, and humidity in 5 different provinces of Spain from January 2020 to February 2021.
Results
Statistically significant inverse correlation (Spearman coefficients) was observed between UVI and temperature and the annual evolution and COVID-19 incidental cases in all and almost all latitudes respectively.
Conclusion
Higher ultraviolet radiation levels and mean temperature could contribute in reducing COVID-19 incidence, hospitalizations and mortality.
Hyaluronan nanoscale clustering and Hyaluronan synthase 2 expression are linked to the invasion of child fibroblasts and infantile fibrosarcoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Tonge Joseph J. , Notley Scott V. , Dunning Mark J. , López-Guajardo Ana , Medcalf Jessica D. , Heldin Paraskevi , Panoutsos George , Gad Annica K. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infantile fibrosarcoma is a rare childhood tumour that originates in the fibrous connective tissue of the long bones for which there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets. This study aims to clarify the role of the extracellular matrix component Hyaluronan in the invasion of child fibroblasts and Infantile fibrosarcoma into the surrounding environment. Using nanoscale super-resolution STED microscopy followed by computational image analysis, we observed, for the first time, that metastasising child fibroblasts showed increased nanoscale clustering of Hyaluronan at the cell periphery, as compared to control cells. Hyaluronan was not observed within focal adhesions. Bioinformatic analyses further revealed that the increased nanoscale Hyaluronan clustering was accompanied by increased gene expression of Hyaluronan synthase 2, reduced expression of Hyaluronidase 2 and CD44, and no change of Hyaluronan synthase 1 and Hyaluronidases 1, 3, 4, 5. We further observed that the expression of the Hyaluronan synthase 1, 2 and 3, and the Hyaluronidase 3 and 5 genes was linked to reduced life expectancy of fibrosarcoma patients. The invasive front of infantile fibrosarcoma tumours further showed increased levels of Hyaluronan, as compared to the tumour centre. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the possibility that while Hyaluronan 2 increases the levels, the Hyaluronidases 3 and 5 reduce the weight of Hyaluronan, resulting in the nanoscale clustering of Hyaluronan at the leading edge of cells, cell invasion and the spread of Infantile fibrosarcoma.
Designing a zero-order energy transition model: a guide for creating a Starter Data Kit
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Barron Karla Cervantes , Charbonnier Flora , Walker Miriam Zachau , Halloran Claire , Yeganyan Rudolf , Tan Naomi , Cullen Jonathan M , Harrison John , To Long Seng , Howells Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
192 Parties joined the Paris Agreement, which includes commitments to reduce emissions. However, developing national decarbonisation strategies requires significant analyses and investment. Analyses for such strategies are often delayed due to a lack of accurate and up-to-date data for creating energy transition models. Starter Data Kits address this issue by providing open-source, zero-level country datasets to accelerate the energy planning process. There is a strong demand for replicating the process of creating Starter Data Kits because they are currently only available for 69 countries in Africa, Asia, and South America. Using an African country as an example, this paper presents the methodology to create a Starter Data Kit from data collection to the creation of tool-agnostic data repositories. The paper illustrates the steps involved, provides additional information for conducting similar work in Asia and South America, and highlights the limitations of the current version of the Starter Data Kits. Future development is proposed to expand the datasets, including new and more accurate data and new energy sectors.
Assessing Acute Diarrhea Awareness among Syrian Private University Medical Students in Syria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Youzbahshi Lamaat , Ayash Ahmad , Daher Nizar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Dehydration caused by diarrhea is one of the top ten leading causes of death worldwide and is of particular concern in children under five years of age. Most cases of acute diarrhea in adults are caused by infections and are often self-limiting in adults. Although diarrheal disease is very common, there is still a lack of knowledge about its causes and treatment. Food poisoning is an urgent concern that may threaten life and affect health but still underestimated.This study aims to assess awareness and knowledge about acute diarrhea, its causes, and symptoms and how to manage it in students of the Syrian private university. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the Syrian private university using a self-managed statement. The questionnaire consists of six sections: socio-demographic characteristics, definition of diarrhea, its Types, Causes, Symptoms, measure.T test and one way anova test were used to study the relationship between the average degree of awareness and the socio-demographic information of participants.Results: This study included 415 students of medical specialties at the Syrian Private University, of which 244 students (85.8%) ranged in age from 17 to 28 years and the average age was 21. The largest percentage of participating students is from the Faculty of human medicine (190) followed by the Faculty of Dentistry (113) followed by the Faculty of Pharmacy (112). 298 respondents had previously received information on diarrhea. Students' awareness and management scores on acute diarrhea ranged from 0 to 32 with an average score of 20.6. We found a correlation between the average scores of consciousness and the ages of the students. A correlation was found between the average scores of consciousness among medicine students, then pharmacy students, and then dental students.Average awareness scores were higher in students who were married, then engaged, and then single. Average awareness scores are also higher in students who have previously received information about acute diarrhea and its management.Conclusion:More details have been identified regarding awareness and knowledge about acute diarrhea among students of the Syrian private university, including the implementation of large-scale awareness campaigns and emphasis on the importance of not indiscriminate use of antibiotics, and adequate fluid replacement in patients with acute diarrhea. Additional studies are needed to assess knowledge and awareness about acute diarrhea and its management.