bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colombia and OECD
Authors: Camilo Rojas Brayan , Vivares Ernesto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how institutional imperialism technically shapes and politically frames national development in the dynamic relations between the world order and regions. The investigation focuses on the political economy of Colombia’s incorporation into the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) between 2010 and 2018. Departing from a critical global political economy (GPE) approach, the investigation critically explores the role assumed by the OECD as neutral and purely technical, analyzing the dynamics of power in the intersections of domestic-international economics. It shows how the OECD technically shapes and politically frames national development in key areas that define the international insertion of the country into the world economy, with domestic laws based on the Washington Consensus and post-Consensus. Three major conclusions are reached. The first is that international organizations can determine domestic policies of development with the aim of inserting peripheral countries within an imperialist economy so as to facilitate the transfer of value, as is shown to be the case with Colombia. The second contribution is how multilateral recommendations become central conditionalities that define the relationship between the international organization and the state but are presented as neutral and technical standards. Finally, the chapter describes how this dynamic of imperialist economic integration took form in several domestic policies in Colombia, presenting them as ‘better policies for development’.
Land Grabbing in Southeastern Europe in Historical Context
Authors: Mandaci Nazif 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent studies on land grabbing in Southeast Europe suggest that parts of the region are re-experiencing in the post-socialist era what happened in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries due to the decline of the Ottoman land tenure system, under identical conditions involving fundamental sociopolitical transformations and integration with global capitalism. During these historical phases, the processes of enclosure developed in varying degrees in accord with the topographical and societal conditions of the societies as well as geographical proximity to the European capitalist centres. Today, despite growing connections with the European Union, the whole region has remained on the periphery of the capitalist Western European core, which is specialized in technology and knowledge, while retaining the position as agrarian societies and neat providers of raw materials and food to industrialized Western centres. This chapter suggests that although the regime types governing those nations change throughout historical phases, primitive accumulation practices that harm the small peasantry have been sustained so far under different banners. Land grab in those countries also invokes a public passivity, which symptomizes the prevalence of a historic bloc—as coined by Gramsci—regarding the unquestionability of the liberalization on the land system and intra-EU market dynamics and consequently the current practices of enclosure that turns land into a fictive financial asset favouring beneficiaries other than the local peasantry.
Eastern Europe’s Post-Transitional Integration into Western Economic Relations through Social Labour Recognition
Authors: Rubinić Ivan , Tajnikar Maks 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Hypothesizing that fostering trade facilitates synergic growth and that convergence can overwhelm initial development differences, eastern nation states abandoned their production modes to become part of the European economic area. Accordingly, this chapter furnishes an answer to the question of whether or not the transition rendered an asset or a liability, concerning newly integrated states. Consequently, the transition process is investigated as the principal engine behind the unequal labour exchange, whereas its success is weighted against the extent of cross-country differences regarding social labour recognition. The study reveals the transition countries have experienced a radical capital intensity increase and suffered from below-equilibrium prices obtained at the commodity markets. It appears that the transition countries are homogenizing and catching-up with Western countries. However, this process is far from over and is hindered by the persisting unequal relations, enabling the west to exploit international inequalities and exercise economic dominance over the east.
The Hegemony of the Global Exploitation of Humans and Nature
Authors: Brand Ulrich , Wissen Markus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of the ‘imperial mode of living’ as a contribution to current debates on imperialism. The term points towards the norms of production, distribution, and consumption built into the political, economic, and cultural structures of everyday life for the populations of the Global North. And it works, increasingly, in the countries with ‘emerging economies’ of the Global South, as well. After an introduction of the historical situation into which the chapter intervenes with the term, the meaning of the concept and its analytical use value are outlined. The chapter concludes with a brief remark on the relationship between class (structures) and the imperial mode of living.
Making Space in Canadian Sociology
Authors: Watts Vanessa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indigenous Peoples have been studied by governments and social scientists (largely anthropologists) for over two centuries. Indigenous Peoples in Canadian sociology have historically been imbedded into the discipline as an unsolved problem of modernity. Indigenous social lives are therefore largely constructed through markers of success and failure situated within a settler-colonial lens. Further, sociological notions of “society” and “culture” are largely defined by the interrelations between humans only, limiting considerations of other-than-human relations on societal formations and the dynamics therein. Through a discussion about epistemology, ontology, and other-than-human relations, this chapter examines the ways in which Indigenous worlds both conceive of societal formations and articulate social events.
Gender, Epistemic Violence, and Indigenous Resistance
Authors: Moodie Nikki M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to gendered differences in work, poverty, and violence experienced by Indigenous People and the limitations of sociology in explaining Indigenous Peoples continued dispossession and oppression. The chapter also provides an overview of the contribution of Indigenous feminisms and queer Indigenous studies to broader thinking on gender, coloniality, and First Nations sovereignty. Integral to this analysis is the colonial imposition of gender binaries and the gendered violence of settler-colonial societies, which is central to the formation of such states, their spatiotemporalities, and the ongoing oppression of Indigenous Peoples and our lifeworlds. Central to the focus of an Indigenous sociology of gender are myriad forms of resistance to epistemic violence, anchored in tradition and by normative systems, and essential for the maintenance and reinvention of Indigenous futures. This chapter provides an introduction to Indigenous scholarship on gender and sexuality, gendered structures of historic and contemporary violence toward Indigenous Peoples, and maps the resistance of gendered identities as fundamental to the resurgence of Indigenous lifeworlds.
Deep Consciousness and Reclaiming the Old Ways
Authors: Baltra-Ulloa Joselynn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the parallels of being a Mapuche woman in Chile and being an Aboriginal woman in Australia. Aboriginal women in Australia and Mapuche women in Chile are at the bottom of the racial hierarchy, and both are most fiercely ignored and subjugated. Indigeneity in the life context of these women is a triple burden: burdened with the gender disparity as a woman, burdened with Western feminism largely devoid of an Indigenist perspective, and burdened by the legacy of colonization and its daily reenactments. Against this sociocultural, political, and economic backdrop, Mapuche and Aboriginal women rise daily, and have done so for millennia, as storytellers, healers, and activists, sharing the Dreaming and the wisdom of ancestors. They activate, educate, and lead their communities, reclaiming culture and a oneness with nature. From the periphery of the current world order, the Indigenist female Other tells very different stories about the grand challenges that humanity faces in the 21st century. What, then, can we learn from these women? What can we unlearn from these women? In this chapter, these questions are explored by sharing what these women live by: a deep consciousness that reclaiming old ways can lead a global paradigm shift.
Indigenous Societies and Disasters
Authors: Lambert Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Colonization can be interpreted as a disaster with a fixed beginning but an indeterminate end, whose very purpose was to dispossess, disarm and, if necessary, destroy Indigenous Peoples. Disasters therefore continue to fall disproportionately on disempowered Indigenous communities, families, and individuals—and Indigenous vulnerability is the corollary to settler colonial, capitalist, and neoliberal resiliency. Although Indigenous Knowledges can and do contribute to better disaster risk reduction (DRR), it is not obvious that the ongoing deployment of Indigenous Knowledges will prevent or even mitigate disasters for Indigenous communities. Positioning Indigenous Peoples as inherently resilient risks reifying the status quo of vulnerability and diverts attention from a key sociological component of resilience to disasters, namely sovereignty.
European Peace Movements since 1914
Authors: Clinton Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses developments in European peace advocacy and protest since 1914. During this period, two wars of unprecedented destruction and brutality, shifting political circumstances, and a dizzying pace of technological innovation influenced how Europeans thought about peace and how to transform it from a utopian vision into the status quo. The ideological orientations, forms of organization, and modes of action of the peace movements that arose in Europe over the course of the turbulent past century were as new as the circumstances that shaped them but also reflected a long tradition of ideas, approaches, and institutions pertaining to peace.
The Search for Peace in Europe
Authors: Bricker Renee A. , Proulx Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the history of peace in Europe beginning with an early sixteenth-century call to religious freedom that culminated in the late nineteenth century with widespread peace movements. It investigates how traditional nation-state methods to resolve war through treaty and diplomacy conflicted with popular notions of peace, leading to protests of the marginalized in their efforts to transcend negative peace and counter militarism. Within each era, traditional centers of authority were challenged by historically ignored voices in social movements protesting for a new relationship within societal and political constituencies. This contribution highlights how peace worked at the intersections and fissures during the great upheavals of the Reformations, Age of Enlightenment, and the Age of Imperialism.
Word-meaning access
Authors: Rodd Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the process by which stored knowledge about a word’s form (orthographic or phonological) maps onto stored knowledge about its meaning in adult comprehenders. This mapping is made challenging by the ambiguity that is ubiquitous in natural language: most familiar words can refer to multiple different concepts. This one-to-many mapping from form to meaning within the lexicon is a core feature of word-meaning access. Fluent, accurate word-meaning access requires that comprehenders integrate multiple cues in order to determine which of a word’s possible semantic features are relevant in the current context. Specifically, word-meaning access is guided by (i) distributional information about the a priori relative likelihoods of different word meanings and (ii) a wide range of contextual cues that indicate which meanings are most likely in the current context.
The neural basis of word production
Authors: Nozari Nazbanou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraditionally, psycholinguistic models and models of speech motor control have approached the word production process from different angles and have remained, to a large extent, separate from one another. Ultimately, however, the process entails the entire pathway from semantic processing to articulation: producing a word from meaning requires activating a concept, retrieving the word, selecting its segments, ordering those segments into the right sequence, and finally articulating them with the correct timing. This chapter reviews the neural basis of word production from the complementary perspectives of the psycholinguistic literature and the speech motor control literature.
Learning and Using Written Word Forms
Authors: Treiman Rebecca , Kessler Brett 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver most of human history, knowing a word has involved knowing its phonological form. Nowadays, for people who are literate, knowing a word means knowing its written form as well. The goal of this chapter is to discuss how people learn and use these forms. The chapter begins by considering how writing systems represent language in a visual form. The next section of the chapter takes up the processes that are involved in skilled reading, considering how experienced readers perform the secondary linguistic task of reading as well and quickly as they do. How children learn to read and spell is also considered. The final section of the chapter discusses how the learning of orthographic representations can affect the mental lexicon.
On The Dynamics of Lexical Access In Two or More Languages
Authors: Kroll Judith F. , Bice Kinsey , Botezatu Mona Roxana , Zirnstein Megan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe most provocative finding about bilingualism in the last two decades is that both languages are active even when bilinguals intend to use one language alone. When bilinguals hear, read, or speak words in one language, form, or translation, relatives of those words in the other language become momentarily available. The way bilingual speakers negotiate the competition produced by cross-language interactions has profound consequences for language processing and for the cognitive and neural mechanisms that it engages. In this chapter, we review the most exciting of these new discoveries. We consider how the context of language immersion induces dynamic changes in lexical access, how the native language may change, how new learning is influenced by language experience, and how brain activity reflects these consequences. These findings expose the way that bilingualism reveals the relations between language and cognition in a manner that is impenetrable in speakers of one language alone.
The Ethics of Predictive Policing
Authors: Hadjimatheou Katerina , Nathan Christopher 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Predictive policing using complex algorithms is on the rise. It involves the use of data-analysis tools and empirical research to formulate and validate predictions. In this chapter, the authors focus on two kinds of ethical issue this raises. The first is the way that such algorithms can absorb and then amplify existing biases and prejudices. The second is the way that predictive policing can lead to improper restrictions of liberty, overriding our norms concerning the need for individualized suspicion and respect for autonomy. Neither is a necessary consequence of predictive policing. Nonetheless, there are good reasons to institute ways to counteract these effects in a proactive way.
Automation and the Future of Work
Authors: Danaher John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Advances in automation threaten to radically alter the workplace of the future. What implications does this have for the ethics of work? For better or worse, work plays a central role in distributing goods to people in the modern world. This includes the good of income, of course, but it also includes meaning-related goods such as a sense of purpose, mastery over some skill set, social contribution, and social status. Will automation rob large numbers of people of these goods too? What can be done to compensate them for these losses? Reviewing the possibilities, this chapter ultimately argues that the best way to mitigate these losses might be to transition to a post-work society.
Mainland Southeast Asia’s Earliest Kingdoms and the Case of “Funan”
Authors: Manguin Pierre-Yves , Stark Miriam T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Archaeological research across mainland Southeast Asia on the transition to history has fundamentally altered scholarly reconstructions of the region’s first millennium AD states. One of these, Funan, has been the subject of historical and archaeological analysis for more than a century. This chapter reviews colonial scholarship on Funan and on the Mekong Delta, and contextualizes postcolonial archaeology within a regional and temporal framework of increasing connectivities (both coastal and riverine). Archaeological research on the period from circa 500 BC to AD 500 offers new perspectives on the origins, structure, and demise of Funan as an historical polity and as one of Southeast Asia’s best documented early states. Funan as a complex polity and its new urban forms emerged before “Indianization”; the new state was neither strictly maritime-oriented nor externally created: its inhabitants also practiced deep-seated traditions that looked inland and along the Mekong and its tributaries, and the agricultural development of the delta was clearly a major (possibly short-lived) achievement.
Early States in Myanmar
Authors: Hudson Bob 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Following centuries of settlement intensification in Upper Myanmar (Burma) during the Iron Age, urban centers, many enclosed by brick walls, began to appear in the early centuries of the first millennium AD. Settlement characteristics include monumental architecture, management by a power elite, water control systems, coinage, literacy, and a calendar. From around the tenth century AD a power group based at Bagan began to expand militarily and administratively until by the thirteenth century, inscriptions and religious artifacts found over much of the area encompassed by modern Myanmar show that a kingdom had incorporated the culturally related but politically independent city-states that had preceded it.
Community Engagement and Cultural Heritage in Southeast Asian Archaeology
Authors: Acabado Stephen , Lauer Adam , Martin Marlon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The diverse archaeology and colonial history of Southeast Asia have influenced ideas of cultural heritage. From policy to general perception to academic discourse, discussions of cultural heritage are as diverse as the population of Southeast Asia. Archaeology, however, is in the best position to contribute to these discussions, as the discipline is primarily concerned with tangible heritage, and archaeologists frequently work with descendant communities. This aspect of archaeology, commonly referred to as public or community archaeology, is a significant shift in the practice of the discipline. With the active involvement of stakeholders in our work, communities are able to relate the long forgotten past to their cultural identities, empower them to own their past, and provide a better appreciation of the work of archaeologists. This chapter calls for an engaged Southeast Asian archaeology to develop a more nuanced discussion on cultural heritage. It focuses on work with the Ifugao (Philippines) as a case study to highlight the importance of community involvement.
Coastal Settlement in Thailand
Authors: Higham Charles F. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the last Ice Age, the sea level was over 100 meters lower than at present, and a vast low-lying continent, known as Sundaland, stretched from the Gulf of Siam to northern Borneo and eastern Java. This allowed transit to Australia, and presumably settlement, by the Anatomically Modern Humans who expanded out of Africa at least 60,000 years ago. With global warming, the sea rose higher than its present level, and by 5,000 years ago, it was forming raised beaches. Being a particularly rich environment, these attracted settlement. Excavations of two sites, Nong Nor and Khok Phanom Di, have illuminated hunter-gatherer adaptations to a marine environment that contrasts radically with that of the small groups of foragers identified in inland rock shelters. The hunter gatherers of Khok Phanom Di, however, were overtaken when Neolithic rice farmers occupied the site.
Cereals of Southeast Asia
Authors: Fuller Dorian Q. , Castillo Cristina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Rice is the most important cereal in Southeast Asia today. Archaeobotanical evidence in mainland Southeast Asia suggests that this has been the case over the past three and a half millennia. Archaeologists have tended to emphasize the central role of rice in the origins and dispersal of agriculture, as well as how irrigated rice formed the foundation of states throughout mainland Southeast Asia. However, there are many other cereals that are traditionally cultivated in Southeast Asia or adjacent parts of China and India. This chapter provides an overview of the early history and past distribution of cereals of Southeastern Asia, highlighting how little is known about many of them, and a summary of the current evidence for origins and spread of rice and foxtail millet, the best known cereals from archaeobotanical evidence in Southeast Asia.
The Neolithic of Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Higham Charles F. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture took place over millennia in northern China, where millet was the mainstay, and the Yangtze River Valley, where rice dominated. Plant and animal domestication, known as the Neolithic Revolution, stimulated population growth and the expansion into territories occupied still by hunter-gatherers. By 2000 BC, early Neolithic groups were reaching Southeast Asia, and their settlements contrast sharply with those of their hunter-gatherer contemporaries. In some sites, there is growing evidence for integration between the two populations, while plant cultivation and the raising of domestic pigs, dogs, and cattle were combined with fishing, collecting, and hunting. The Neolithic was a seminal period in Southeast Asia, laying the foundations for profound social changes made possible through the wealth generated by agricultural surpluses.
Social Change with the Initial Bronze Age
Authors: Higham Charles F. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The history of inquiry into the Bronze Age of Southeast Asia began with the discovery of copper-base tools and ornaments at Samrong Sen in Cambodia during the 1860s. After a series of analytical papers were published, the subject became dormant until in 1964, burials with a few bronzes were excavated at Non Nok Tha in northeast Thailand. Initial results of radiocarbon dating suggested a remarkable early adoption of metallurgy, reinforced by equally early contexts in the fourth millennium BC claimed at the nearby site of Ban Chiang. This situation provided a conundrum: whereas elsewhere in the Old World copper-base technology stimulated rapid social change, in Southeast Asia there was none. New dating initiatives, linked with the excavation of the Thai site of Ban Non Wat have provided evidence for a transition into the Bronze Age in the eleventh century BC and a rapid rise of wealthy, social elites.