bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype × environment interaction and stability analyses of grain yield in rainfed winter bread wheat
Authors: Roostaei Mozaffar , Jafarzadeh Jaffar , Roohi Ebrahim , Nazary Hossein , Rajabi Rahman , Mohammadi Reza , Khalilzadeh Gholam Reza , Seif Fereshteh , Mirfatah Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi , Amiri Saber Seif , Hatamzadeh Hoosein , Ahmadi Malek Masoud 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The genotype × environment (GE) interaction analysis is fundamental in crop breeding programs to guide selection and for recommendation of high performing and stable genotypes for breeding objectives. This study aimed at quantifying the GE interaction effects and determines grain yield stability among winter bread wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions of Iran. Twenty-four winter wheat genotypes were evaluated under nine test locations using a randomized complete blocks design with four replications during three cropping seasons (2019–21). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and several parametric and nonparametric stability statistics were applied for analysis of grain yield data collected from the experiments. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield revealed significant effects (p < 0.01) for genotype, environment, and GE interaction. The environment was the main source of variation and accounted for 83.5% of the total yield variation, followed by GE (6.5%) and genotype (1.0%) effects. The AMMI biplot analysis indicated the genotypes G3, G23, G22, G10, and G19 as high yielding with stability performance across environments. Genotypes G14, G13, G20, and G9 showed large positive interaction with the environments featuring the highest rainfall during growing season, while genotypes G7, G6, and G21 had a large positive interaction with environments with low rainfall. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the AMMI stability value, Shukla’s stability variance (σ2i), Wricke’s ecovalence (W2i), coefficient of determination (R2i), variance in regression deviations (S2di), and nonparametric statistic of S2(i) were not correlated with mean yield in tested genotypes, showing they are related to static/biological concept of stability. In contrast, the genotypic superiority index (Pi) and regression coefficient (bi) were significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with mean yield and corresponded to dynamic/agronomic concept of stability. These findings suggest that selection of genotypes should be considered based on selection objectives of using the various stability parameters described here. In conclusion, the selected genotypes in this study should be recommended as new cultivars or parental lines for grain yield and stability improvement under rainfed conditions of Iran or similar agro-ecologies.
Evolutionary consequences of vector-borne transmission: how using vectors shapes host, vector and pathogen evolution
Authors: de Angeli Dutra Daniela , Poulin Robert , Ferreira Francisco C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransmission mode is a key factor that influences host–parasite coevolution. Vector-borne pathogens are among the most important disease agents for humans and wildlife due to their broad distribution, high diversity, prevalence and lethality. They comprise some of the most important and widespread human pathogens, such as yellow fever, leishmania and malaria. Vector-borne parasites (in this review, those transmitted by blood-feeding Diptera) follow unique transmission routes towards their vertebrate hosts. Consequently, each part of this tri-partite (i.e. parasite, vector and host) interaction can influence co- and counter-evolutionary pressures among antagonists. This mode of transmission may favour the evolution of greater virulence to the vertebrate host; however, pathogen–vector interactions can also have a broad spectrum of fitness costs to the insect vector. To complete their life cycle, vector-borne pathogens must overcome immune responses from 2 unrelated organisms, since they can activate responses in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, possibly creating a trade-off between investments against both types of immunity. Here, we assess how dipteran vector-borne transmission shapes the evolution of hosts, vectors and the pathogens themselves. Hosts, vectors and pathogens co-evolve together in a constant antagonistic arms race with each participant's primary goal being to maximize its performance and fitness.
Using genetic designs to identify likely causal environmental contributions to psychopathology
Authors: Sellers Ruth , Riglin Lucy , Harold Gordon T. , Thapar Anita 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe multifactorial nature of psychopathology, whereby both genetic and environmental factors contribute risk, has long been established. In this paper, we provide an update on genetically informative designs that are utilized to disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to psychopathology. We provide a brief reminder of quantitative behavioral genetic research designs that have been used to identify potentially causal environmental processes, accounting for genetic contributions. We also provide an overview of recent molecular genetic approaches that utilize genome-wide association study data which are increasingly being applied to questions relevant to psychopathology research. While genetically informative designs typically have been applied to investigate the origins of psychopathology, we highlight how these approaches can also be used to elucidate potential causal environmental processes that contribute to developmental course and outcomes. We highlight the need to use genetically sensitive designs that align with intervention and prevention science efforts, by considering strengths-based environments to investigate how positive environments can mitigate risk and promote children’s strengths.
An Improved IASI Temperature and Humidity Retrieval Method Based on Double Channel Differences
Authors: Cui Xindong , Zhao Zengliang , Yao Zhigang , Wang Yang , Su Xingtao , Chen Jian , Zhang Yisheng , Tang Pengyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to surface emissivity, the retrieval accuracy of hyperspectral infrared temperature and humidity profiles is typically poor in the lower atmosphere. To solve this problem, we use the double channel differences method (DCDM) to retrieve the temperature and humidity profiles of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) with different surfaces, zenith angles, and data sources. Results show that DCDM can effectively improve IASI retrieval performance. The root mean square error (RMSE) reductions are large and exhibit no marked change with the zenithal angle. Compared with prior profiles, prior near‐surface temperatures can markedly improve the retrieval performance of temperature profiles. Humidity profile retrieval using both humidity and temperature channels can reduce the RMSE and the dependence on the precision of the prior inputs. The DCDM can markedly reduce errors in temperature and relative humidity retrievals, and the retrievals agree with ERA‐Interim better than IASI L2. With the DCDM, the lower temperature and relative humidity RMSE can be ∼3.5 K/14% (land), ∼3 K/13% (coast), ∼1.4 K/7% (sea). Compared with radiosonde observations and ERA‐Interim, the DCDM can reduce errors in temperature and humidity retrievals, and the improvement in performance is equivalent.
Inter‐Model Spread of the Simulated East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and the Associated Atmospheric Circulations From the CMIP6 Models
Authors: Huang Danqing , Liu Anqi , Zheng Yanxin , Zhu Jian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe model uncertainty, one of the major sources of projection uncertainty, is still a challenge in the climate change projection. In this study, the model uncertainty in simulating the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall and its physical link to the upper‐level jet streams and the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) are investigated from the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The results show that extracted by the inter‐model Empirical Orthogonal Function method, the leading inter‐model mode of the rainfall is characterized as a meridional pattern. The positive mode (a continent‐wet‐ocean‐dry pattern) is closely associated with a northward shift of the oceanic branch of the East Asian subtropical jet and a northward movement of the WNPSH, while the negative mode (a continent‐dry‐ocean‐wet pattern) is highly correlated with an enhanced East Asian polar‐front jet combined with a weakened land branch of the East Asian subtropical jet as well as a weakened and eastward recess of the WNPSH. This systematic link among the atmospheric circulations and the leading inter‐model mode is maintained by the negative phase of the Victoria Mode in the North Pacific and warming over the Atlantic Ocean in the positive mode, and the cooling over the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and the warming over the central Pacific in the negative mode. Our findings suggest that the physical linkage between the atmospheric circulations and monsoon rainfall is useful to understand the model uncertainty, which would be helpful in providing potential indicators of the East Asia summer monsoon change.
Effects of Sea‐Level Rise on Dredging and Dredged Estuary Morphology
Authors: Cox J. R. , Lingbeek J. , Weisscher S. A. H. , Kleinhans M. G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstuaries and deltas worldwide are facing land loss and drowning due to sea‐level rise (SLR). Commonly home to ports, their channels are dredged and deepened for navigation. However, little is known about how such sediment management will interact with changing sediment transport patterns due to SLR. Using scale experiments, empirical relations and real world examples from global estuaries and deltas, we identify that dredging and SLR combined enhance bend migration whereas SLR alone leads to decentralizing of channels and drowning of intertidal area. In estuaries where channels are fixed, excess energy due to increasing tidal prism will manifest as bed and bank erosion, placing flood safety measures like dikes at risk. SLR increases dredging volumes in upstream reaches due to the rapid collapse of shoals and river banks along the whole estuary. Channel deepenings are ineffective under SLR conditions due to sediment import induced by increasingly flood‐dominant tides. Non‐dredged systems which have more regular and level elevations will lose intertidal area more quickly than dredged systems that have disconnected higher intertidal flats and a single deep channel. Mid‐size dredged European systems are more likely to drown due to dredging in the present century than from SLR. Effects can be avoided by pursuing sediment management strategies that help restore the morphology disrupted by dredging.
AZIN1 RNA editing alters protein interactions, leading to nuclear translocation and worse outcomes in prostate cancer
Authors: Ghalali Aram , Wang Liangzhe , Stopsack Konrad H. , Rice James M. , Wu Shulin , Wu Chin-Lee , Zetter Bruce R. , Rogers Michael S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transcript encoding Antizyme Inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) is frequently edited in various cancers, and this editing is associated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness. After comparison of wild-type AZIN1 (wtAZIN1) and edited AZIN1 (edAZIN1, which contains a Ser367Gly substitution), we report differential binding of edAZIN1 to a small set of proteins; specifically, edAZIN1 binds to alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), gamma actin 1 (ACTG1), and myosin9, whereas wtAZIN1 does not. This binding enables nuclear translocation of edAZIN1. In contrast to overexpression of edAZIN1 and, to a lesser extent, (editable) wtAZIN1, overexpression of an uneditable AZIN1 allele does not promote a cellular phenotype associated with increased tumorigenicity. In patients, both editing and nuclear localization of AZIN1 are common and are associated with tumor aggressiveness, i.e., a higher Gleason score, higher genomic instability, and a shorter progression-free survival time. In conclusion, the data indicate that binding of edAZIN1 to the actin/myosin9 complex supports its nuclear translocation, leading to enhanced cellular aggressiveness, and is associated with worse prostate cancer outcomes.
Targeting epiregulin in the treatment-damaged tumor microenvironment restrains therapeutic resistance
Authors: Wang Changxu , Long Qilai , Fu Qiang , Xu Qixia , Fu Da , Li Yan , Gao Libin , Guo Jianming , Zhang Xiaoling , Lam Eric W.-F. , Campisi Judith , Sun Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a milieu enabling cancer cells to develop malignant properties, while concerted interactions between cancer and stromal cells frequently shape an “activated/reprogramed” niche to accelerate pathological progression. Here we report that a soluble factor epiregulin (EREG) is produced by senescent stromal cells, which non-cell-autonomously develop the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) upon DNA damage. Genotoxicity triggers EREG expression by engaging NF-κB and C/EBP, a process supported by elevated chromatin accessibility and increased histone acetylation. Stromal EREG reprograms the expression profile of recipient neoplastic cells in a paracrine manner, causing upregulation of MARCHF4, a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in malignant progression, specifically drug resistance. A combinational strategy that empowers EREG-specific targeting in treatment-damaged TME significantly promotes cancer therapeutic efficacy in preclinical trials, achieving response indices superior to those of solely targeting cancer cells. In clinical oncology, EREG is expressed in tumor stroma and handily measurable in circulating blood of cancer patients post-chemotherapy. This study establishes EREG as both a targetable SASP factor and a new noninvasive biomarker of treatment-damaged TME, thus disclosing its substantial value in translational medicine.
TrkC-mediated inhibition of DJ-1 degradation is essential for direct regulation of pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Lee Won Sung , Park Yeonmi , Jin Wook 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNone of the previous studies has systematically explored how upregulation of TrkC plays a central role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating the underlying mechanisms that promote invasion and metastasis. In this report, we demonstrated the possible association between upregulation of TrkC and acquisition of cancer stem cells traits or chemoresistance in HCC. We show that upregulation of TrkC is closely associated with the survival and progression of HCC in vivo and in vitro. Most strikingly, activation of STAT3 by TrkC-mediated inhibition of DJ-1 degradation significantly enhances the efficacy of invasion and metastasis during the progression of HCC cells. Acquiring the traits of cancer stem cells (CSCs) by TrkC/DJ-1/STAT3 signaling pathway leads to the induction of chemoresistance via upregulation of ABC transporters and anti-apoptotic genes. Also, activating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program by inducing EMT-transcription factor (TF)s by TrkC/DJ-1/STAT3 signaling pathway is the direct cause of multiple tumor malignancies of HCC. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which acquisition of anticancer drug resistance by TrkC-mediated inhibition of DJ-1 degradation can help enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
Consequences of telomere dysfunction in fibroblasts, club and basal cells for lung fibrosis development
Authors: Piñeiro-Hermida Sergio , Martínez Paula , Bosso Giuseppe , Flores Juana María , Saraswati Sarita , Connor Jane , Lemaire Raphael , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTRF1 is an essential component of the telomeric protective complex or shelterin. We previously showed that dysfunctional telomeres in alveolar type II (ATII) cells lead to interstitial lung fibrosis. Here, we study the lung pathologies upon telomere dysfunction in fibroblasts, club and basal cells. TRF1 deficiency in lung fibroblasts, club and basal cells induced telomeric damage, proliferative defects, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. While Trf1 deletion in fibroblasts does not spontaneously lead to lung pathologies, upon bleomycin challenge exacerbates lung fibrosis. Unlike in females, Trf1 deletion in club and basal cells from male mice resulted in lung inflammation and airway remodeling. Here, we show that depletion of TRF1 in fibroblasts, Club and basal cells does not lead to interstitial lung fibrosis, underscoring ATII cells as the relevant cell type for the origin of interstitial fibrosis. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of proper telomere protection in lung tissue homeostasis.
Solar reduction of carbon dioxide on copper-tin electrocatalysts with energy conversion efficiency near 20%
Authors: Gao Jing , Li Jun , Liu Yuhang , Xia Meng , Finfrock Y. Zou , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Ren Dan , Grätzel Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCopper catalysts modified with tin have been demonstrated to be selective for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. However, such catalysts require the precise control of tin loading amount. Here, we develop a copper/tin-oxide catalyst with dominant tin oxide surface being formed via a spontaneous exchange reaction between sputtered tin and copper oxide. Even though the surface of this catalyst is tin-rich, it achieves an excellent performance towards carbon monoxide production in a flow cell. This contrasts with copper/tin-oxide prepared via atomic layer deposition since it yields selectivity towards carbon monoxide only on a copper-rich surface. Mechanism studies reveal that the tin sites on the tin-rich copper/tin-oxide surface achieve a suitable binding with adsorbed carbon monoxide under the presence of copper. Powered by a triple-junction solar cell, the copper/tin-oxide based electrolyzer sets a new benchmark solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 19.9 percent with a Faradaic efficiency of 98.9 percent towards carbon monoxide under simulated standard air mass 1.5 global illumination.
Effectiveness of an inactivated Covid-19 vaccine with homologous and heterologous boosters against Omicron in Brazil
Authors: Ranzani Otavio T. , Hitchings Matt D. T. , de Melo Rosana Leite , de França Giovanny V. A. , Fernandes Cássia de Fátima R. , Lind Margaret L. , Torres Mario Sergio Scaramuzzini , Tsuha Daniel Henrique , David Leticia C. S. , Said Rodrigo F. C. , Almiron Maria , de Oliveira Roberto D. , Cummings Derek A. T. , Dean Natalie E. , Andrews Jason R. , Ko Albert I. , Croda Julio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effectiveness of inactivated vaccines (VE) against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 caused by omicron is unknown. We conducted a nationwide, test-negative, case-control study to estimate VE for homologous and heterologous (BNT162b2) booster doses in adults who received two doses of CoronaVac in Brazil in the Omicron context. Analyzing 1,386,544 matched-pairs, VE against symptomatic disease was 8.6% (95% CI, 5.6–11.5) and 56.8% (95% CI, 56.3–57.3) in the period 8–59 days after receiving a homologous and heterologous booster, respectively. During the same interval, VE against severe Covid-19 was 73.6% (95% CI, 63.9–80.7) and 86.0% (95% CI, 84.5–87.4) after receiving a homologous and heterologous booster, respectively. Waning against severe Covid-19 after 120 days was only observed after a homologous booster. Heterologous booster might be preferable to individuals with completed primary series inactivated vaccine.
Early stages of sympatric homoploid hybrid speciation in crater lake cichlid fishes
Authors: Olave Melisa , Nater Alexander , Kautt Andreas F. , Meyer Axel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHomoploid hybrid speciation (i.e., hybrid speciation without a change in ploidy) has traditionally been considered to be rare in animals. Only few accepted empirical examples of homoploid hybrid speciation in nature exist, and in only one previous case (insects) was it convincingly shown that this process occurred in complete sympatry. Here, we report an instance of sympatric homoploid hybrid speciation in Midas cichlid fishes in Crater Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua. The hybrid lineage, albeit at an early stage of speciation, has genomically and phenotypically diverged from both of its two parental species. Together with a distinct stable isotope signature this suggests that this hybrid lineages occupies a different trophic niche compared to the other sympatric Midas cichlid species in Crater Lake Xiloá.
Endothelial cell cycle state determines propensity for arterial-venous fate
Authors: Chavkin Nicholas W. , Genet Gael , Poulet Mathilde , Jeffery Erin D. , Marziano Corina , Genet Nafiisha , Vasavada Hema , Nelson Elizabeth A. , Acharya Bipul R. , Kour Anupreet , Aragon Jordon , McDonnell Stephanie P. , Huba Mahalia , Sheynkman Gloria M. , Walsh Kenneth , Hirschi Karen K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring blood vessel development, endothelial cells become specified toward arterial or venous fates to generate a circulatory network that provides nutrients and oxygen to, and removes metabolic waste from, all tissues. Arterial-venous specification occurs in conjunction with suppression of endothelial cell cycle progression; however, the mechanistic role of cell cycle state is unknown. Herein, using Cdh5-CreERT2;R26FUCCI2aR reporter mice, we find that venous endothelial cells are enriched for the FUCCI-Negative state (early G1) and BMP signaling, while arterial endothelial cells are enriched for the FUCCI-Red state (late G1) and TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, early G1 state is essential for BMP4-induced venous gene expression, whereas late G1 state is essential for TGF-β1-induced arterial gene expression. Pharmacologically induced cell cycle arrest prevents arterial-venous specification defects in mice with endothelial hyperproliferation. Collectively, our results show that distinct endothelial cell cycle states provide distinct windows of opportunity for the molecular induction of arterial vs. venous fate.
Neutralizing and interfering human antibodies define the structural and mechanistic basis for antigenic diversion
Authors: Patel Palak N. , Dickey Thayne H. , Hopp Christine S. , Diouf Ababacar , Tang Wai Kwan , Long Carole A. , Miura Kazutoyo , Crompton Peter D. , Tolia Niraj H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDefining mechanisms of pathogen immune evasion and neutralization are critical to develop potent vaccines and therapies. Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP-1) is a malaria vaccine antigen and antibodies to MSP-1 are associated with protection from disease. However, MSP-1-based vaccines performed poorly in clinical trials in part due to a limited understanding of the protective antibody response to MSP-1 and of immune evasion by antigenic diversion. Antigenic diversion was identified as a mechanism wherein parasite neutralization by a MSP-1-specific rodent antibody was disrupted by MSP-1-specific non-inhibitory blocking/interfering antibodies. Here, we investigated a panel of MSP-1-specific naturally acquired human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs). Structures of multiple hmAbs with diverse neutralizing potential in complex with MSP-1 revealed the epitope of a potent strain-transcending hmAb. This neutralizing epitope overlaps with the epitopes of high-affinity non-neutralizing hmAbs. Strikingly, the non-neutralizing hmAbs outcompete the neutralizing hmAb enabling parasite survival. These findings demonstrate the structural and mechanistic basis for a generalizable pathogen immune evasion mechanism through neutralizing and interfering human antibodies elicited by antigenic diversion, and provides insights required to develop potent and durable malaria interventions.