bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed Strategies to Improve Energy Efficiency at PT Badak NGL
Authors: Bahtiar M R , Yudoko G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As an energy company, PT Badak NGL continues to innovate to improve the energy efficiency in its plant operation. However, as the amount of feed gas continues to decline, the percentage of fuel gas increases gradually. The reduced amount of feed gas results in a low load factor of the operating equipment, causing inefficient plant operation. The 2018 benchmark results show that PT Badak NGL’s energy efficiency performance is below average. Although the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) targets related to energy efficiency are almost always achieved, there is a decreasing trend every year. Plant energy efficiency is an important issue. It relates to the amount of fuel losses, which can be converted into LNG as country income, and to the amount of carbon emissions as the result of fossil fuel burning. This study is performed to find what are the root causes of the plant inefficiencies and to propose strategies to improve them. Using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, energy reviews were conducted to determine each plant area’s Significant Energy Use (SEU). Furthermore, the root cause analysis can be made in a Current Reality Tree (CRT). The Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) method is used in formulating alternative solutions for each cause of energy inefficiency. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used as a decision-making tool from the alternative solutions. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to ensure the robustness of the decisions made. From the study, there are nineteen root causes that cause plant inefficiencies. Twelve controllable root causes have been solved by developing internal procedures or studies, while seven outstanding causes can be solved with five alternative solutions. AHP, which was carried out using the criteria of cost, impact on energy efficiency, completion time, and complexity, showed that there are top three priority solutions that must be implemented as soon as possible, namely the building energy management project, the LED replacement project, and flow and pressure indicators installation for pumps. The proposed strategy is set with a completion target of three years.
Persea Americana Mill Extraction as Antibacteria
Authors: Wulandari T , Wiyoko T , Hakiki M , Habibie Z R , Agrita T W 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Avocado leaves (P. americana ) are a part of plants that can be used as traditional medicines. Avocado leaves contain chemicals such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids which function as pathogenic antibacterial killer. This study aims to describe the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of avocado leaf extract (P. americana) on the growth of Escherichia coli. The extract concentrations were 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. This research employed experimental method with post-test group design. Antibacterial activity was measured by the diameter of the clear zone formed. The analysis results, using the Kruskal Walls test with an accuracy level of 0.05, conclude that there are significant differences in the antibacterial power of various concentrations of avocado leaf extract (P. americana ) against E. colibacteria. The most effective concentration to inhibit the growth of E. colibacteria is at concentration 100% with an (inhibition zone) of 6.9 mm including moderate inhibition.
Sentinel-2 Image Based Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation of Vegetation Quality in Majalengka Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sari N M , Rokhmatuloh  , Manessa M D M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The vegetation in an area plays an important role for the realization of a sustainable regional environment. The current condition of Majalengka Regency, which has a West Java International Airport (BIJB) and Cipali toll road, certainly has the potential to increase the region’s economic growth. The investment in this region will substantially increase in the coming years, as will accessibility. This will support the massive infrastructure development in Majalengka Regency. This physical development is certainly the cause of changes in the distribution of vegetation, which causes changes in environmental quality. This study examines the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation quality based on vegetation index extracted from Sentinel-2 images. Based on the analysis of the SR, NDVI and EVI vegetation index profiles for the period 2016 and 2020, the results show that in general there has been a decline in the vegetation index during that period. This decline generally occurs in areas with seasonal vegetation cover in the form of rice fields and non-seasonal vegetation in the form of shrubs, mixed gardens and forests. The downward trend in these three vegetation indices indicates that there has been a decline in the quality or health of the vegetation in the study area during the 2016-2020 period.
Mapping of Potential Hazard Areas for Forest and Land Fire based on GIS in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau
Authors: Riyadi M D P , Setiawan Y , Taufik M , Tanoto P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Forest and land fires that occur every year are crucial issues in Indonesia, especially in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau. This location is one of the relatively unique locations because almost the entire land area is a peatland. Information on the level of danger of forest and land fires in Meranti Regency is not yet available on a detailed scale. This research aims to map potential hazard areas for forest and land fires in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau. Spatial analysis using Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) with variables of land cover, soil type, distance from rivers, distance from roads, and distance from residentials. The results showed that the area of the potential hazard of forest and land fires in Kepulauan Meranti Regency was dominated by a high hazard level of 245,323.06 ha (68.08%).
Sea Turtle Protection: A Case Study of Protected Sea Turtle Capture in Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Harjiyatni F R , Murdomo J S , Suwarni Sri , Hartanti  , Prikhatna Puji , Lantarsih Retno , Putri W H 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to discuss the legal process for capturing protected turtles in Gunungkidul Regency and the rescued green turtle’s background. This research uses a socio-legal approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and observation and analyzed qualitatively. The result shows: first, the process of catching turtles carried out by community members is strictly enforced. The Natural Resources Conservation Agency of Yogyakarta Special Region submitted the turtle arrest case to police investigators for further investigation. Whatever reasons people put forward, it doesn’t stop the police from strictly enforcing the turtle capture case. Second, the background of the capture of green turtles is due to the lack of public awareness and concern about the importance of turtles as endangered species that are protected and should not be caught. In this case, the regulations regarding the protection and prohibition of capturing turtles are complete, but the local communities often violate them. The results suggest a need to strengthen local communities to understand the importance of protecting turtles as endangered species and strict sanctions for turtle capture. It is not only to establish the education community but also to empower the community to provide the initial information to the investigators if it is found the violation of the Act on the turtles protection.
Application of The Corporate Viel Piercing Principle in the Company for Forest and Land Burning
Authors: Sudiyana  , Asri D P B 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Forest and land fires generally carried out by concession holders in recent years are very detrimental to the community, nation, and state. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and elaborate application of the principle of piercing the corporate veil for companies on forest and land burning and who should be responsible for the loss of society. Because it corresponds to the concept of the rule of law as a system of laws and regulations, the approach adopted is normative law. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are used in the research. The results of this study are that in the case of a forest and land burning company, based on Article 3 number 2 in particular letters b and c of Law 40/2007, the principle of limited liability for shareholders does not apply if the shareholder concerned either directly or indirectly in bad faith uses The Company for personal interest and or the shareholders concerned are involved in unlawful acts committedby the Company.
Distribution, abundance, and species composition of fish larvae and juveniles of Gobiidae in the Cimaja estuary, Palabuhanratu, Indonesia
Authors: Baihaqi F , Simanjuntak C P H , Sulistiono  , Prabowo T , Annida S B , Ervinia A , Budiman M S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cimaja estuary has been well known as a fishing ground for fish larvae and juveniles of amphidromous fishes. The local people call this group of fish impun and collect them frequently for consumption. However, no information about fish diversity and recruitment of amphidromous goby in the Cimaja estuary is known. Therefore, this study aims to reveal species composition, recruitment pattern, and estimation of the abundance of fish larval and juvenile amphidromous goby in the Cimaja estuary day and night. Sampling was performed monthly during the new moon period from December 2020 to February 2021. Fish specimens were identified to the lowest taxon level through a morphological approach. A total of 23,331 larvae and juveniles of Gobiidae were collected, and most of them were Sicyopterus spp. The juvenile stage (11.9-21.8 mm BL) comprised 95.6% of the catches, postflexion larvae (6.9-11.8 mm BL) contributed 3.5% to the total yield and 0.9% of the total capture consisting of flexion larvae (3.9-6.8 mm BL). Gobiid fishes are preferred to recruit and migrate into the Cimaja river during the day than at night time (p < 0.05), and their movement to the upstream are synchronized with the tidal cycle.
A diversity profile of total bacteria (culturable and unculturable) as aquaculture marine water source of in central marine bio industry (BBIL) Mataram, Indonesia
Authors: Hastuti Yuni Puji , Fatma Yuli Siti , Nirmala Kukuh , Supriyono Eddy , Dwiono Sigit A.P. , Munandar Aris , Hamzah Aris Sando , Tridesianti Siska , Sudarmo Agnes Puspitasari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The bacterial community plays a pivotal role in the quality of water sources for aquaculture activities, affecting the survival of cultured animals. In the present study, bacteria inhabiting seawater in Mataram were analyzed using culturable and unculturable analysis. Total bacteria cultured in SWC (seawater complete) medium had an abundance of 4.5 × 107 CFU mL-1. Nitrifying, denitrifying, and DNRA (dissimilative nitrate reduction to ammonium) bacteria were found in an abundance of 1.15 × 107 CFU mL-1, 7.7 × 106 CFU mL-1, and 5.6 × 106 CFU mL-1, respectively. Analysis of total bacteria performed by the Illumina MiSeq platform using the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene indicated that the majority of the bacterial sequences related to Proteobacteria (84.2%), followed by Firmicutes (10.2%), Acidobacteria (1.5%), Bacteroidetes (1.4%), and Chloroflexi (1%). Family Piscirickettsiaceae, belonging to the order Thriotrichales, was observed as the most prevalent group accounting for 20.9%. In this study, Proteobacteria, the most common phylum, was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. At the genus level, Alteromonas, Marinobacterium, and Methylophaga appeared as the top three prevalent groups inhabiting seawater in Mataram. Meanwhile, the top five bacterial species in seawater were Alteromonas bacterium, Methylophaga sp., Nautella italic, Ruegeria mobilis, and Pseudoalteromonas phenolica.
Water and land efficiency in eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) rearing in development of urban aquaculture through vertical aquaculture system
Authors: Harianto Eko , Supriyono Eddy , Budiardi Tatag , Affandi Ridwan , Hadiroseyani Yani , Sabilu Kadir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUrbanization activities have increased population density in urban areas so that the need for fish is increasing, to provide fish needs it is necessary to expand the cultivation area. This study aims to evaluate the minimum demand for water and land in Vertical Aquaculture in RAS on eel through production performance studies and business analysis. This study was conducted on 4 treatments and 3 replications, covering water requirements of 325 mL/day (A), 340 mL/day (B), 370 mL/day (C), and 400 mL/day (D). Elver eels weighing 17.05 ± 0.88 g were reared for 60 days in VAR. The results showed that the difference in water requirements given to eel elver gave an equally good effect between treatments for production performance parameters. The highest water efficiency in this study was produced in treatment A with consumption of water volume requirement of 0.77 L/Kg eel/day and consumption of new water requirement of 10.66 L/Kg eel/year. Aquaculture business analysis shows that VAR technology is feasible to use as an alternative eel culture technology with an R/C ratio of 3.4, a net profit of Rp. 2,730,000/year and a payback period of 1.3 years.
Study of suitability location of eel (Anguilla sp) culture in Sukabumi region, West Java province
Authors: Supendi A , Supriyono E , Nirmala K , Hastuti Y P , Budiardi T , Sukenda  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The research objective is to evaluate the suitability status of the Sukabumi region to produce eel. The output is a spatial distribution map of suitable locations ecologically to develop Anguilla sp grow out. Spatial overlay and weighting methods were used to process the data of contour map, soil map, weather map, diurnal temperature map, season temperature map, and watershed map. Almost all of the Sukabumi region is 80% suitable relatively for developing Anguilla sp culture or 3.620 Km2. Very suitable location 873 Km2, suitable 1.926 Km2, marginal 821 Km2, and not suitable 541 Km2.
Combination effect of atonic growth regulator with PES (Provasoli Enrich Seawater) on Seaweed (Eucheuma Cottonnii) growth
Authors: Supriyono E , Lideman  , Hastuti Y P , Arifka A R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Eucheuma cottonii is a type of seaweed that has been cultivated. Factors that can inhibit seaweed cultivation are weather, and the solution is tissue culture. Seaweed tissue culture requires explants with adequate nutrition. The use of growth regulators and PES fertilizer is expected to meet the nutritional requirements. The research aimed to analyze the effect of the combination of atonic growth regulator and PES (Provasoli Enrich Seawater) media on the growth of Eucheuma cottonii. The research was designed in a method using the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with 4 treatments consisting of K (atonic growth regulator 0 ppm and PES 0%), A (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 1%), B (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 2%) and C (atonic growth regulator 15 ppm and PES 3%). The seaweed used in this experiment was Eucheuma cottonii with an initial weight of 0,093±0,008 grams and an initial length of 2,08±0,01 cm. The result of this research can increase the growth of Eucheuma cottonii. In conclusion, the combination of 15 ppm atonic growth regulator and 3% of PES in culture media could increase the survival rate, weight-specific growth rate and length specific growth rate of Eucheuma cottonii explant.
Utilization status and bioeconomic performance of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fishery in the south coast of Malang waters, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Bintoro Gatut , Yulianto Eko Sulkhani , Lelono Tri Djoko , Prasetyo Dimas Tri , Rahman Muhammad Arif , Sari Wahida Kartika 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is one of high economic valued pelagic fish on the south coast of Malang waters. This fish is usually caught by purse seine. This study was conducted at Sendang Biru Coastal Fishing Port Malang Regency from February to May 2021, aiming to find out the utilization rate and bioeconomic conditions of the skipjack tuna fishery. The study used descriptive methods. Statistical data on catches from 2011 to 2020 were used to apply bioeconomic analysis to calculate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY), total allowable catch (TAC), and free access equilibrium (FAE). Results showed that values of catch and effort at MSY level were 1,800 tons and 3,191 trips respectively with a value of TAC as much as 1,440 tons. While values of catch and effort at MEY reached 1,774 tons and 2,814 trips respectively with the highest profit obtained as much as IDR 34.12 billion. In addition, catch and effort at FAE level took place at 751 tons and 5,627 trips respectively. The utilization rate of skipjack tuna (K. pelamis) was 123%. In conclusion, the fish is in over-exploited condition hence the amount of effort must be decreased to maintain resources sustainability.
Temperature effect on heart rate performance of eel (Anguila bicolor)
Authors: Riyanto M , Mawardi W , Khoerunnisa F I 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Temperature changes affect fish behavior, and it is one of the critical factors which influence fish survival. The optimum temperature of a species can be used to detect the presence of fish. The fish heart rate indicates the effect of temperature on fish physiology. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the fish heart rate and its recovery time. The study collected the heart rate data by observing 40 eels (Anguila bicolor ) measuring 36±0.30 cm and body weight <200 g at 21, 25, and 31°C. The heart rate was monitored by the electrocardiograph (ECG) technique. The results from video monitoring were calculated using frame-by-frame video analysis. The effect of the temperature on the heart rate and recovery time were processed using statistical analysis with a completely randomized design. The results showed that the eel heart rates at 21, 25, and 31°C were 40±1.61, 70±3.91, and 122±7.36 bpm, respectively. Temperature significantly affected (P<0.05) the eel heart rate with the lower Q10 values were 2.77 and 2.25. The eel heart rate recovery time at low temperature was more prolonged than at high temperature.
Population connectivity and genetic diversity population connectivity of Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) among Bangladesh, China and Indonesia
Authors: Putri S N N , Maharani G R , Farhan M , Lestari D F , Madduppa H , Subhan B , Arafat D , Setyaningsih W A , Cakasana N , Bintang D M C , Indrajana H B , Priambada A D , Febridelita A , Yonatika N O 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Population genetics studies genetic variation involving gene and allele frequencies in spatial and temporal space. Genetic information can be used in conservation management through identification of phylogenetic tree reconstructions, genetic distance, genetic structure, and haplotype connectivity to maintain population existence. The samples used were primary genetic data of Siganus canaliculatus taken from Indonesian waters and secondary data accessed from the BOLD SYSTEM database from several locations, namely Indonesia, China, and Bangladesh. This research was conducted to determine the kinship of Siganus canaliculatus in Indonesia, China, and Bangladesh through genetic analysis. The results of genetic distance analysis showed that the baronang fish samples from China and Bangladesh had a close relationship with a value of 0.0534 while samples from Indonesia and Bangladesh had the farthest relationship with a value of 0.8212. Reconstruction of the phylogeny tree at maximum likelihood can show convergence within the same clade. The results of the reconstruction of the phylogeny tree showed that the species from Ambon, Bali, and Lombok came from the same clade while samples from Bangladesh had different clades with the furthest distance. The results of structural analysis and genetic diversity showed that samples from Bangladesh, China, and Indonesia had different DNA characteristics. This is correlated with the form of network integration in haplotype connectivity analysis.
The effectiveness of Honje (Etlingera elatior) biomass to improve the physical quality of native chicken meat
Authors: Patriani P , Hafid H , Wahyuni T H , Sari TV , Apsari N L 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImproving physical quality of native chicken meat is important to increase consumer acceptance. Native chicken meat is known to have tough texture and dark colour hence it is less favoured by consumers. One method to improve physical quality is by using cheap and abundant spices. Honje (Etlingera elatior) is a gnarled fruit with slightly sour taste from kecombrang flowers that is usually used as a spice. The research design used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of P0: without marination using Honje Fruit, P2: Marinade 2 grams of Honje Fruit, P2: Marinade 4 grams of Honje Fruit and P3: Marinade 6 grams of Honje Fruit. The parameters in this study were physical quality of the meat which consisted of pH value, water content, tenderness, cooking loss, and meat colour. The results showed that marinade of 4 grams of Honje Fruit was effective in maintaining the pH value of meat, reducing the percentage of cooking loss, and increasing tenderness. Marinade using Honje Fruit was also effective in maintaining the moisture content of the meat, increasing the brightness, maintaining the freshness of meat by originating reddish and yellowish colours.
Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving Potential Analysis of Biomass Boiler at the PT Greenfields Indonesia Milk Processing Plant
Authors: Suntoro Dedi , Sinaga Paber , Yudanto Radityo Cahyo , Faridha  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Boilers are essential utility equipment in a milk processing plant because they produce steam primarily used in process heating applications, including pasteurization, cooking, and evaporation. Energy use in boilers is the most effective energy use in milk processing plants. Therefore it is crucial to keep the boiler efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency and energy-saving opportunities of the biomass boiler in the milk processing plant of PT Greenfield Indonesia, which is located in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The fuel used in the boiler is candlenut shell, which is widely available in the area. Boiler efficiency was evaluated by direct and indirect methods referring to ASME PTC 4-1. In the direct method, the energy gained by working fluid is compared with the energy content of the fuel. In contrast, various losses are compared to the energy input in the indirect method. The data used in this study were obtained from operation logbook data and field measurement data. Our result shows that the biomass boiler efficiency is 82.24% using the direct method and 79,64% using the indirect method. Flue gas is the most significant energy loss in the biomass boiler. Energy savings can be obtained by installing an air preheater, setting excess air, and adding insulation on some boiler walls.