bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged use of newly prescribed gabapentin after surgery
Authors: Bongiovanni Tasce , Gan Siqi , Finlayson Emily , Ross Joseph , Harrison James D. , Boscardin John , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurgeons have made substantial efforts to decrease postoperative opioid prescribing, largely because it can lead to prolonged use. These efforts include adoption of non‐opioid pain medication including gabapentin. Like opioids, gabapentin use may be prolonged, increasing the risk of altered mental status and even overdose and death when taken concurrently with opioids. However, little is known about postoperative prolonged use of gabapentin in older adults.MethodsWe merged a 20% sample of Medicare Carrier, MedPAR and Outpatient Files with Part D for 2013–2018. We included patients >65 years old without prior gabapentinoid use who underwent common non‐cataract surgical procedures. We defined new postoperative gabapentin as fills for 7 days before surgery until 7 days after discharge. We excluded patients whose discharge disposition was hospice or death. The primary outcome was prolonged use of gabapentin, defined as a fill>90 days after discharge. To identify risk factors for prolonged use, we constructed logistic regression models, adjusted for procedure and patient characteristics, length of stay, disposition location, and care complexity.ResultsOverall, 17,970 patients (3% of all eligible patients) had a new prescription for gabapentin after surgery. Of these, the mean age was 73 years old and 62% were female. The most common procedures were total knee (45%) and total hip (21%) replacements. Prolonged use occurred in 22%. Those with prolonged use were more likely to be women (64% vs. 61%), be non‐White (14% vs. 12%), have concurrent prolonged opioid use (44% vs. 18%), and have undergone emergency surgery (8% vs. 4%). On multivariable analysis, being female, having a higher Charlson comorbidity score, having an opioid prescription at discharge and at >90 days and having a higher care complexity were associated with prolonged use of gabapentin.ConclusionsMore than one‐fifth of older adults prescribed gabapentin postoperatively filled a prescription >90 days after discharge, especially among patients with more comorbidities and concurrent prolonged opioid use, increasing the risk of adverse drug events and polypharmacy.
Changes of production and consumption structures in coastal regions lead to mercury emission control in China
Authors: Zhong Qiumeng , Li Hui , Liang Sai , Jetashree  , Wu Xiaohui , Qi Jianchuan , Wang Shuxiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChina is important in the global mercury (Hg) cycle and is experiencing substantial economic structure transitions. There are pronounced differences in economic development, industrial structure, and consumption patterns across regions in China. However, the impacts of regional economic structure transitions (i.e., production and final demand structures) on Hg emissions in China remain unknown. Here, we reveal the transboundary impacts of changes in regional economic structures on provincial Hg emissions in China. We found that the transitions of production and final demand structures in coastal regions led to Hg emission reductions in China during 2007–2017. In particular, production structure changes in East Coast contributed to 36 metric tons of national Hg emission reduction, where 28 metric tons occurred in other regions (especially Hebei). Its final demand structure transition contributed to 19 metric tons of national emission reduction, where 15 metric tons occurred in other regions (especially Henan). Unfortunately, production structure changes in Northwest and final demand structure changes in Southwest contributed to Hg emission increments in China during 2007–2017. For instance, changes in the final demand structure of Southwest caused 34 metric tons of emission increments, mainly from provinces within the region. Thus, spatially explicit measures for China's Hg emission control can focus on the optimizations of production structure in Northwest and final demand structure in Southwest, as well as the promotion of interregional joint actions between East Coast and North China (especially Hebei and Henan). The findings of this study can inform region‐specific policy decisions and interregional joint efforts to control Hg emissions around the world.
Law, ‘presentist’ agendas, and the making of ‘official’ memory after collective violence
Authors: HEARTY KEVIN 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article interrogates how law is used to make ‘official’ memory in transitional justice (TJ) contexts. It posits that law performs three key roles in the ‘making’ of memory after conflict and authoritarianism: visibility, definition, and judgement. Using insights from existing academic literature that has addressed TJ processes and mechanisms across geographical sites and time frames, it argues that law is central to memory making by rendering certain harms, victims, and victimizers either ‘seen’ or ‘unseen’, by categorizing certain actors and timeframes into binary groupings, and by judging particular actors and actions to be either morally good or morally bad. The decisions that law makes on each of these fronts, it is argued, are ultimately determined by how the prevailing post‐conflict state wishes to have the divisive past understood in the present.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on sleep quality in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Richter Samanta Andresa , Ferraz‐Rodrigues Clarissa , Schilling Luísa Basso , Camargo Nathália Fritsch , Nunes Magda Lahorgue 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWe synthesise the literature on the potential influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on sleep quality in children and adolescents. The search identified studies that examined the relationship between sleep quality and disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It began in May 2021 and has had two updates with the last in January 2022. The databases used were LILACS, PubMed, and EMBASE. Random effects models were performed to explore heterogeneity between studies. Data were presented as continuous variables (mean value and standard deviation) to perform a meta‐analysis. Twenty‐nine studies from 16 countries were identified: Nine had children and eight had adolescents. The overall quality of the studies ranged from high (27.6%) to medium (65.5%) and low (6.9%). Eight studies were eligible for meta‐analysis. There was an increase in sleep duration during the pandemic when compared with the previous period 0.33 (95%CI −0.07; 0.60) (p < 0.001) and late bedtime 0.78 (95%CI −0.33; 1.22) (p < 0.001). A trend toward reduced sleep efficiency was also detected 0.54 (95%CI −0.75; −0.33) p = 0.20. Parents’ reports of increased use of screen media/electronic devices were associated with worse sleep quality. The results suggest an influence of the pandemic on sleep characteristics such as increased sleep duration, late bedtimes, and poor sleep quality. These alterations were related to changes in family routines during this period.
Survival and failure rate of lower lingual bonded retainers: A retrospective cohort evaluation
Authors: Arqub Sarah Abu , Bashir Rehana , Obeng Kaimen , Godoy Lucas Da Cunha , Kuo Chia‐Ling , Upadhyay Madhur , Yadav Sumit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the survival rates for lower lingual retainers (LLRs) and to establish a correlation between patients' treatment‐related factors (age, sex, malocclusion, appliance used for treatment, teeth bonded, retention protocols) to the survival of LLRs.Materials and MethodsA total of 765 subjects [474 females and 291 males: mean age = 24.29 ± 10.67 years] between 2013 and 2022 were included. A customized data collection form was utilized to gather the data from the electronic health record (EHR) of subjects. Patient‐related factors, crowding or spacing, deep bite or open bite and duration of treatment were extracted from patients' files. Kaplan–Meier estimator was used for the survival function, whereas Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to associate risk factors with retainer survival.Results328 (42.9%) subjects had their LLRs failed, and the survival period was on average 17.37 ± 22.85 months. On the other hand, the follow‐up period for the retainers that did not fail was on average 47.19 ± 23.66 months. 192 (28.3%) subjects had segment failure (retainer detached from 3 teeth or less), while 51 (7.5%) subjects had failures in more than 3 teeth (complete). None of the evaluated clinical variables were significantly associated with LLRs failure except for the bite category (P = .013) and the appliance used for treatment (P < .001).ConclusionSuccess rate for LLRs was 57.1% over 47.19 months, failure rate was 42.9% over 17.37 months. The presence of deep bite and treatment with aligners were significantly associated with increased failure rate.
Management of Elderly Traumatic Ankle Arthritis with Ilizarov External Fixation
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Wenzhao , Yang Hai , Li Bohua , Liu Lei 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical curative effect of Ilizarov external fixation and ankle arthrodesis in the treatment of elderly traumatic ankle arthritis.MethodsFrom June 2013 to August 2019, 72 patients with elderly traumatic ankle arthritis were treated with arthrodesis through Ilizarov external fixation technique in our institution. Conventional double‐feet standing X‐ray films were taken before and after operation. The tibiotalar angle on X‐ray image was measured to evaluate the degree of talipes varus and valgus. The Foot and Ankle pain score of American Orthopaedics Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were compared by using paired t‐test to evaluate the functional recovery.ResultsAll of the patients acquired effective postoperative 18–49 months follow‐up, with an average of 31.5 months. All patients were included in the analysis, among which 38 cases were males and 34 cases were females, with an average of 65.4 years (ranging from 60 to 74). All ankles achieved bony fusion; the clinical healing time was 12.7 weeks on average (11–18 weeks). The AOFAS score was 45.36 ± 6.43 preoperatively and 80.25 ± 9.16 at 12 months post‐operation, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). The VAS score was 8.56 ± 1.85 on average preoperatively and 2.72 ± 0.83 at 12 months post‐operation, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). The tibiotalar angle was 101.93° ± 4.12° preoperatively and 94.45° ± 2.37° at 12 months post‐operation, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). The results of the functional evaluation indicated that 44 patients (61.1%) had excellent results, 18 (25%) had good results, and 10 (13.9%) had fair results.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that it is possible to obtain satisfactory outcome with Ilizarov external fixation and ankle arthrodesis in the treatment of elderly traumatic ankle arthritis.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis after first dose of Pfizer‐BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination with pharmacogenomic testing
Authors: Siripipattanamongkol Nunthana , Rattanasak Sirawich , Taiyaitieng Chanya , Inthajak Yanapha , Kuawatcharawong Nitchamon , Sukasem Chonlaphat , Tempark Therdpong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractToxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and acute life‐threatening condition and one of the severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are limited data on TEN from the COVID‐19 vaccine regarding its pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis, particularly in children. We report a case of COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced TEN and the patient's human leukocyte antigen pharmacogenomic profile.
Willingness to get vaccinated with the first‐generation vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Corbalán‐Fernández Ana María , Justich‐Zabala Pablo , Pellicer‐Jordá MaríaTeresa , Mikulasova Eva , Gascón‐Cánovas Juan José 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore people's decision‐making regarding whether or not to get vaccinated against COVID‐19.MethodsA purposive sample of people over the age of 18 who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID‐19 was studied. Data were gathered using semi‐structured interviews in focus groups and personal in‐depth interviews. All interviews were conducted on the Zoom® platform and were recorded for subsequent verbatim transcription. Using a grounded theory approach, both open and axial coding of the narrative data were performed.ResultsInformation saturation was reached after eight focus group meetings and 14 in‐depth interviews (n = 55). Six principal themes emerged, with the fear of possible adverse side‐effects and the worries generated by the speed of the development and commercialization of the vaccine amongst the main expressed anxieties. Social pressure to get vaccinated was a recurrent subject, as was the desire for clear and understandable information from reliable sources.ConclusionsThe willingness to get vaccinated against COVID‐19 is determined by a complex series of interconnected factors that define an explanatory model, which has evolved concurrently with the development of the vaccines and the progress of the vaccination campaigns. This model will be useful for deciding social scenarios aimed at tackling this or future pandemics and for designing formulas that will increase the initial acceptance of these vaccines.
Ambiguity and uncertainty tolerance and psychological needs of medical students: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Babenko Oksana , Lee Ann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the ubiquitous presence of ambiguity and uncertainty in medical practice is widely acknowledged, a greater understanding of contextual factors for educators to consider in helping students learn to respond to ambiguity and uncertainty adaptively is needed. Drawing on self‐determination theory, the purpose of this study was to explore the unique roles of basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence and relatedness—in medical students' tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study of third‐year medical students (n = 70) at a large Canadian university. In regression analysis, the three basic psychological needs were entered as predictors of medical students' tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty while controlling for students' age and gender.ResultsOf the three needs, the need for competence was determined to be statistically significant in relation to students' tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty (β = 0.326; p = 0.038). The needs for autonomy and relatedness were determined to be not statistically significant (β = −0.170; p = 0.274 and β = 0.154; p = 0.218, respectively).DiscussionWe observed that medical students, who experienced satisfaction of the need for competence in the learning environment, reported greater tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty. Potential implications for medical education are discussed, based on self‐determination theory.
Prevalence of hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression with alternate day use of azathioprine and glucocorticoids for treatment of dermatological conditions in dogs
Authors: Eberhardy Aurrielle C. , Heinrich Nicole A. , McFadden Rendina A. , Reiter Lisa V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of azathioprine (AZA) in dogs is limited by the potential for hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of AZA‐associated hepatotoxicity in dogs with dermatological conditions receiving alternate‐day AZA. The hypothesis was that dogs receiving AZA every other day (EOD) would have a lower prevalence of hepatotoxicity compared to published data for dogs receiving daily AZA. A secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of AZA‐associated myelosuppression over the same time period and population.AnimalsForty‐one client‐owned dogs with dermatological conditions treated with AZA EOD and glucocorticoids with clinical and haematological follow‐up available for a minimum of two months of AZA therapy.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data from April 1994 to July 2020. Hepatotoxicity was defined as elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at least twofold above the reference range.ResultsAzathioprine‐associated hepatotoxicity was observed in two of 41 dogs (4.9%), with onset at 18 and 40 days, respectively. One dog receiving AZA at 1.9 mg/kg EOD had a fourfold increase in ALT. The other dog (AZA dose 2.3 mg/kg EOD) had a 30‐fold increase in ALT. Azathioprine was not associated with thrombocytopenia, anaemia or neutropenia in any dogs. Lymphopenia developed in one dog (2.4%) with onset at 105 days.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAlternate‐day AZA administration with tapering glucocorticoids was well‐tolerated in dogs with dermatological conditions.
Dissimilar Welding of Inconel Alloys With Austenitic Stainless-Steel: A Review
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Pandey Chandan , Kumar Prakash 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this review paper, dissimilar welding between Inconel and austenitic stainless steel along with its application has been outlined for high-temperature applications. The mechanical and microstructural behavior of this dissimilar joint has been summarized thoroughly in this article. Dissimilar welding of Inconel alloys and stainless steel (SS) has massive demand in high temperature and high corrosive applications industries. Austenitic stainless steel contains 16–26% of Cr and 6–12% of Ni elements showing FCC structures have good weldability and high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steel such as 304, 316 L, 304H, etc., containing austenite microstructure used in high-temperature applications like power plants, heat exchangers, heating elements, aircraft, and others. In addition, Ni-based Inconel alloys show high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance and are frequently used in high-temperature applications. Ni-based Inconel 718 alloy possesses excellent strength, corrosion resistance and creep resistance at high temperatures are frequently used in combustion chambers, power plants, and turbine blades applications. Inconel alloyed by elements Ti, Al and Nb attain strength by forming phases such as ɣ/-Ni3(-Ti, Al), ɣ//-Ni3Nb, and carbides such as MC and M23C6, nitrides, laves phase. The GTA dissimilar welding between expensive Inconel and cheaper stainless steel is successfully used in nuclear power plants. The dissimilarity in melting point, chemical composition, thermal, mechanical, and other properties between these materials make welding challengeable. This review paper focused on problems related to dissimilar welding like forming unmixed zone, elemental segregation, formation of laves phase, sensitization, microfissuring, and solidification cracking.
Sugar is not always sweet: exploring the relationship between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 in a predominantly African American population
Authors: Skwiersky Samara , Rosengarten Sabrina , Meisel Talia , Macaluso Francesca , Chang Megan , Thomson Alastair , Da Silva Brandon , Oommen Alvin , Salvani Jerome , Banerji Mary Ann 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of admission glucose in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with and without diabetes mellitus in a largely African American cohort.Design and methodsThis study included 708 adults (89% non-Hispanic Black) admitted with COVID-19 to an urban hospital between 1 March and 15 May 2020. Patients with diabetes were compared with those without and were stratified based on admission glucose of 140 and 180 mg/dL. Adjusted ORs were calculated for outcomes of mortality, intubation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute kidney injury (AKI), and length of stay based on admission glucose levels.ResultsPatients with diabetes with admission glucose >140 mg/dL (vs <140 g/dL) had 2.4-fold increased odds of intubation (95% CI 1.2 to 4.6) and 2.1-fold increased odds of ICU admission (95% CI 1.0 to 4.3). Patients with diabetes with admission glucose >180 mg/dL (vs <180 g/dL) had a 1.9-fold increased mortality (95% CI 1.2 to 3.1). Patients without diabetes with admission glucose >140 mg/dL had a 2.3-fold increased mortality (95% CI 1.3 to 4.3), 2.7-fold increased odds of ICU admission (95% CI 1.3 to 5.4), 1.9-fold increased odds of intubation (95% CI 1.0 to 3.7) and 2.2-fold odds of AKI (95% CI 1.1 to 3.8). Patients without diabetes with glucose >180 mg/dL had 4.4-fold increased odds of mortality (95% CI 1.9 to 10.4), 2.7-fold increased odds of intubation (95% CI 1.2 to 5.8) and 3-fold increased odds of ICU admission (95% CI 1.3 to 6.6).ConclusionOur results show hyperglycemia portends worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes. While our study was limited by its retrospective design, our findings suggest that patients presenting with hyperglycemia require closer observation and more aggressive therapies.
Real-life impact of uncontrolled severe asthma on mortality and healthcare use in adolescents and adults: findings from the retrospective, observational RESONANCE study in France
Authors: Roche Nicolas , Garcia Gilles , de Larrard Alexandre , Cancalon Charlotte , Bénard Stève , Perez Vincent , Mahieu Aymeric , Vieu Laurine , Demoly Pascal 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo characterise uncontrolled severe asthma and compare the disease burden with the general and asthmatic populations.DesignRetrospective observational study using a national sample of a French healthcare database (Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires (EGB)).SettingThe EGB, an anonymised permanent sample of health insurance databases, representing 1/97th of the French population.ParticipantsPatients (≥12 years) were selected in year 2014 and followed 2 years. A cohort of patients with uncontrolled severe asthma was defined using an algorithm based on peer-reviewed literature and Global Initiative for Asthma recommendations. Index date was the occurrence of the first marker of uncontrolled asthma. This cohort was matched with two control cohorts, general population and asthmatic controls, on baseline characteristics.Main outcomes measuresMortality, healthcare use and associated costs were studied in the 2 years of follow-up.ResultsAmong 467 716 individuals in the EGB, 16 588 patients with asthma were identified, including 739 (4.5%) with uncontrolled severe disease. The survival probability at 2 years for patients with uncontrolled severe asthma (92.0%) was lower than in the general population cohort (96.6%; relative risk of death: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.70 to 3.29; p<0.0001) and tended to be lower than in the control asthmatic cohort (94.3%; p=0.07). Emergency department visits and hospitalisations were higher in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma than in the general population (64.7% vs 34.9%; p<0.0001) and asthmatic controls (64.7% vs 55.2%; p=0.0002). Other components of healthcare use (medical and paramedical visits, medications) were increased in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma compared with control populations. These increases translated into higher costs (p<0.0001 for both comparisons).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the huge burden of uncontrolled severe asthma in terms of mortality, morbidity and healthcare resource consumption compared with other patients with asthma and with the general population and emphasises the importance of appropriate management in this high-risk population.