bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic and oral health literacy in adults
Authors: McCarlie V. Wallace , Phillips Morgan E. , Price Barry D. , Taylor Peyton B. , Eckert George J. , Stewart Kelton T. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The primary aim of the study was to determine levels of literacy in both oral health and orthodontics in an adult population. The secondary study aim was to investigate differences in literacy between males and females.

Methods
Participants included individuals 18 years or older seeking dental treatment at the East Carolina University (ECU) School of Dental Medicine. To determine levels of oral health literacy (OHL) and orthodontic literacy (OrthoL), validated instruments were administered, including the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry, the Oral Health Literacy Instrument and its separate scales, and a questionnaire on orthodontic literacy. Summary statistics were computed, and statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results
One hundred seventy-two individuals participated in the study and had a mean age of 55.03 (range:18–88). Greater than 70% of the sampled population exhibited inadequate or marginal oral health knowledge. Additionally, greater than 70% of the sample possessed no more than an 8th grade reading level, with regard to basic medical and dental terms. Higher education was weakly associated with higher OrthoL and OHL. Higher age was also weakly associated with lower OrthoL and OHL. Males on average exhibited significantly higher OHL (p < .05) but there were no OrthoL differences between males and females. Dental visit frequency was not associated with OrthoL or OHL.

Conclusion
Low levels of OrthoL and OHL were observed in the study. While males demonstrated a higher level of OHL than females, neither age nor the occurrence of dental appointments significantly influenced levels of literacy.
Ad-hoc preoperative management and respiratory events in pediatric anesthesia during the first COVID-19 lockdown–an observational cohort study
Authors: Zadrazil Markus , Marhofer Peter , Schmid Werner , Marhofer Melanie , Opfermann Philipp 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEarly pre-anesthetic management for surgery is aimed at identifying risk factors, which notably in children are mostly airway related. The first COVID-19 lockdown opened a unique ‘window of opportunity’ to study what impact an ad-hoc management strategy would bring to bear on intraoperative respiratory events.MethodsIn this observational cohort study we included all patients with an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Status of I or II, aged 0 to ≤18 years, who underwent elective surgery at our center during the first national COVID-19 lockdown (March 15thto May 31st, 2020) and all analogue cases during the same calendar period of 2017−2019. The primary outcome parameter was a drop in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) below 90% during anesthesia management. The study is completed and registered with the German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00024128.ResultsGiven 125 of 796 evaluable cases during the early 2020 lockdown, significant differences over the years did not emerge for the primary outcome or event counts (p>0.05). Events were exceedingly rare even under general anesthesia (n = 3) and non-existent under regional anesthesia (apart from block failures: n = 4). Regression analysis for SpO2events <90% yielded no significant difference for ad-hocvsstandard preoperative management (p = 0.367) but more events based on younger patients (p = 0.007), endotracheal intubation (p = 0.007), and bronchopulmonary procedures (p = 0.001).ConclusionsEarly assessment may not add to the safety of pediatric anesthesia. As a potential caveat for other centers, the high rate of anesthesia without airway manipulation at our center may contribute to our low rate of respiratory events.
Popular Pleasures: An Introduction to the Aesthetics of Popular Visual Culture, Paul Duncum (2021)
Authors: Stokrocki Mary 
Published: August 2022

Review of: Popular Pleasures: An Introduction to the Aesthetics of Popular Visual Culture, Paul Duncum (2021)
London and New York: Bloomsbury, 229 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35019-339-0, p/bk, $28.84/£26.97
Linear regularized finite difference scheme for the quasilinear subdiffusion equation
Authors: Lapin Alexander , Laitinen Erkki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A homogeneous Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem for a quasilinear parabolic equation with a time-fractional derivative and coefficients at the elliptic part that depend on the gradient of the solution is considered. Conditions on the coefficients ensure the monotonicity and Lipschitz property of the elliptic operator on the set of functions whose gradients in space variables are uniformly bounded. For this problem, a linear regularized mesh scheme is constructed and investigated. A sufficient condition is derived for the regularization parameter that ensures the so-called local correctness of the mesh scheme. On the basis of correctness and approximation estimates for model problems with time-fractional Caputo or Caputo–Fabrizio derivatives, accuracy estimates are given in terms of mesh and regularization parameters under the assumption of the existence of a smooth solution to the differential problem. The presented results of the numerical experiments confirm the obtained asymptotic accuracy estimates.
Differences in Balance Confidence, Fear of Falling, and Fall Risk Factors Among White and Black Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Bay Allison A. , Ramachandran Smrithi , Ni Liang , Prusin Todd , Hackney Madeleine E. 
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose:
Falling among older adults is common and can cause chronic health complications. Fear of falling, a lasting concern about falling that can lead an individual to avoid activities he or she can perform, is strongly associated with falling and fall risk. Although White older adults fall more often, Black older adults have more fall risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that explain fear of falling and differences between White and Black community-dwelling older adults in fear of falling, balance confidence, and fall risk factors.

Methods:
Using a cross-sectional, retrospective design, 84 community-dwelling older adults (mean age [SD] = 69.0 [5.2], range: 55-80; White, n = 37, 44%; Black, n = 47, 56%, M/F = 20/64) were assessed. Assessments were conducted in a laboratory for human studies. Fall history and risk factors, and subjective fear of falling, were collected. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) score, preferred, backward, and fast Gait Speed, Short Form-12 Physical and Mental Component Scores, fear of falling rating scale, and demographics questionnaires were administered. Analyses included a proportional odds logistic regression model to examine which factors predicted ABC score and which factors were associated with subjective fear of falling, 1-way analysis of variance for continuous variables, the Fisher exact test for categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for ordinal variables.

Results:
Black participants had significantly fewer years of education (P = .007), lower MoCA scores (P = .002), and slower fast gait speed (P = .032) than White participants. Black participants reported less subjective fear of falling (P = .043). In the final ABC model (Akaike information criterion 208.26), lower ABC scores were predicted by White race, slower preferred and fast gait speeds, and worse Short Form-12 Mental Composite Scores.

Discussion:
Despite Black participants demonstrating typical characteristics of higher fall risk including lower cognitive scores, slower gait speed, and lower ABC scores, Black participants reported fewer falls. Understanding racial differences is an important factor in fear of falling and balance confidence.

Conclusion:
Reasons for racial differences should be examined further in fear of falling and balance confidence to facilitate the development of patient-centered falls prevention physical therapy programs.
Dscam1 Has Diverse Neuron Type-Specific Functions in the DevelopingDrosophilaCNS
Authors: Wilhelm Nicole , Kumari Shikha , Krick Niklas , Rickert Christof , Duch Carsten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo key features endowDrosophilaDown syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1 (Dscam1) with the potential to provide a ubiquitous code for neuronal arbor self-avoidance. First, Dscam1 contains three large cassettes of alternative exons, so that stochastic alternative splicing yields 19,008 Dscam1 isoforms with different Ig ectodomains. Second, each neuron expresses a different subset of Dscam1 isoforms, and isoform-specific homophilic binding causes repulsion. This results in even spacing of self-arbors, while processes of other neurons can intermingle and share the same synaptic partners. In principle, this Dscam1 code could ensure arbor spacing of all neurons inDrosophila. This model is strongly supported by studies on dendrite spacing in the peripheral nervous system and studies on axonal branch segregation during brain development. However, the situation is less clear for central neuron dendrites, the major substrate for synaptic input in the CNS. We systematically tested the role of Dscam1 for dendrite growth and spacing in eight different types of identified central neurons. Knockdown of Dscam1 causes severe dendritic clumping and length reductions in efferent glutamatergic and aminergic neurons. The primary cause for these dendritic phenotypes could be impaired self-avoidance, a growth defect, or both. In peptidergic efferent neurons, many central arbors are not formed, arguing for a growth defect. By contrast, knockdown of Dscam1 does not affect dendrite growth or spacing in any of the five different types of interneurons tested. Axon arbor patterning is not affected in any neuron type tested. We conclude that Dscam1 mediates diverse, neuron type-specific functions during central neuron arbor differentiation.
UBXD8 mediates mitochondria‐associated degradation to restrain apoptosis and mitophagy
Authors: Zheng Jing , Cao Yu , Yang Jun , Jiang Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hexameric AAA‐ATPase valosin‐containing protein (VCP) is essential for mitochondrial protein quality control. How VCP is recruited to mammalian mitochondria remains obscure. Here we report that UBXD8, an ER‐ and lipid droplet‐localized VCP adaptor, also localizes to mitochondria and locally recruits VCP. UBXD8 associates with mitochondrial and ER ubiquitin E3 ligases and targets their substrates for degradation. Remarkably, both mitochondria‐ and ER‐localized UBXD8 can degrade mitochondrial and ER substrates in cis and in trans. UBXD8 also associates with the TOM complex but is dispensable for translocation‐associated degradation. UBXD8 knockout impairs the degradation of the pro‐survival protein Mcl1 but surprisingly sensitizes cells to apoptosis and mitochondrial stresses. UBXD8 knockout also hyperactivates mitophagy. We identify pro‐apoptotic BH3‐only proteins Noxa, Bik, and Bnip3 as novel UBXD8 substrates and determine that UBXD8 inhibits apoptosis via degrading Noxa and restrains mitophagy via degrading Bnip3. Collectively, our characterizations reveal UBXD8 as the major mitochondrial adaptor of VCP and unveil its role in apoptosis and mitophagy regulation.
Vanillic acid and vitamin C attenuated di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced testicular toxicity in adult male rats
Authors: Ogunlade B , Gbotolorun S C , Adedotun O A , Iteire K , Adejayi J 
Published: August 2022

Graphical abstract

Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used plasticizer which has raised some concerns about its safety on human health. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of vanillic acid (VA) and vitamin C (VC) supplementation on DEHP-induced testicular toxicity. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (A–G) (n = 5) receiving distilled water; 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP only; 30 mg/kg bw of VA and 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP; 30 mg/kg bw of VC and 250 mg/kg bw of DEHP; 30 mg/kg bw of DEHP plus 30 mg/kg bw of VA and 30 mg/kg bw of VC; 30 mg/kg bw of VA only; and 30 mg/kg bw of VC only, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the heart via cardiac puncture and stored, semen was collected from the caudal epididymis for immediate sperm analysis, while the testes were excised and preserved for histological examination and biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in body weights, sperm motility, sperm volume, sperm viability and count, antioxidant levels, and reproductive hormonal levels, with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in sperm morphological defect and lipid peroxidation level in DEHP-only group compared with the control but was ameliorated after VA and VC administration compared to the DEHP-only treated animals. VA and VC supplementation attenuated the toxic effects of DEHP on the testicular functions, morphology, and semen characterization of the experimental adult male Wistar rats.

Lay summary
Male infertility is considered when identifiable female causes of infertility are excluded and semen quantity and quality fail to fulfil World Health Organization criteria. From conception through to adulthood, people are exposed to limitless environmental toxicants among which di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) commonly found in personal care products, cosmetics, and medical devices is prevalent. The present study elaborated on the importance of taking antioxidant-rich foods containing vitamin C and vanillic acid, such as those found in various fruits, olives, whole wheat, and cereal grains, in combating infertility caused by environmental toxicants. An experiment was carried out on rats to see the effect of vanillic acid and vitamin C supplementation on preventing DEHP-induced testicular toxicity. The testicles and semen were analyzed from five rats in each treated and control groups. The data led us to conclude that vanillic acid and vitamin C supplementation do have attenuating effects on DEHP-induced testicular toxicity, due to their high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Age-associated changes in miRNA profile of bovine follicular fluid
Authors: Nagata Shuta , Inoue Yuki , Sato Takuya , Tanaka Keisuke , Shinozawa Akihisa , Shirasuna Komei , Iwata Hisatala 
Published: August 2022

In brief
This study shows that ageing affects miRNA profiles in follicular fluid, and an miRNA that is highly abundant in the follicular fluid of young cows supports the growth of oocytes derived from early antral follicles.

Abstract
We examined age-associated changes in miRNA profiles in the follicular fluid (FF) of cows. The role of miR-19b, which is abundant in the FF of young cows, in in vitro growth of early antral follicles (EAFs)-derived oocytes was assessed. FF was collected from the antral follicles of young (20–40 months) and aged (>120 months) cows. The miRNA profiles were similar between the FF of both age groups, whereas the abundance of some miRNAs differed between these samples. The miRNA profiles in granulosa cells (GCs) and the spent culture medium of oocyte–GC complexes (OGCs) derived from EAFs were distinct. Some miRNA groups overlapped among the GCs, culture media, and FFs. miR-19b was highly abundant in the FF of young cows, GCs, and culture medium. The supplementation of OGC culture medium with miR-19b increased the diameter, acetylation levels, and fertilisation ability of the oocytes. To assess whether miR-19b was functional in the GCs, a dual-luciferase assay, suppression of target protein, and RNA-sequencing of the GCs followed by functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were conducted. Functional annotation of the DEGs suggested that miR-19b influences genes associated with FoxO signalling, endocytosis, and NR3C1 in GCs. These results suggest that in FFs, ageing affects the abundance of miRNAs that have important roles in oocyte development.
Detecting changes in ecological stability from the I. military mapping to the present
Authors: Németová Zuzana , Kohnová Silvia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study is to determine the environmental conditions in the territory of the Myjava river basin (Slovakia) in order to analyze changes in the ecological stability from the first military mapping (1769–1784) until the present (2020). Except of the assessment of the ecological condition of the area, the stress factors of the territory were evaluated together with proposed measures according to the need to improve the current situation. The ecological prosperity of the landscape was evaluated based on the several methodologies used in Slovakia including coefficients of ecological stability. The results pointed to changes in ecological stability during the period evaluated, together with analyses of the stress factors that are currently affecting the territory researched.
Studi Eksplorasi Kegiatan Praktikum Sains Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sholikah Ta’imul , Mardhotillah Anisa Fitri , Indriyani Lisawati Achmadi , Wulandari Vela Ayu , Kuraesin Putriyana Permata Sari , Al-Khotim Nur Laily Sa'adatus Abadiyah , Irjiananto Muhammad Yuda , Fatmah Fatmah , Ma'arif Muhammad , Fadhillah Ninik , Rachmawati Yuanita 
Published: August 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 juga dirasakan di sektor pendidikan dimana kurang lebih selama 9 bulan pembelajaran dilakukan secara jarak jauh (daring). Hal ini tentunya menjadi sangat tidak mudah untuk dilakukan, khususnya para mahasiswa dituntut untuk tetap melakukan praktikum selama Pandemi Covid-19 demi terlaksananya tujuan pembelajaran. Praktikum menjadi hal yang sangat penting, mengingat praktikum dapat menunjang pemahaman para mahasiswa terhadap materi abstrak bidang sains yang perlu di kongkritkan. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi keterlaksanaan, bentuk, mata kuliah, kendala yang dihadapi, cara dosen menjelaskan prosedur praktikum, alasan praktikum tetap harus dilaksanakan saat pandemi Covid-19, hingga respons efektivitas pelaksanaan praktikum bidang sains (IPA, Fisika, Kimia, dan Biologi) yang dilaksanakan selama masa Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuesioner yang datanya dihimpun secara purposive sampling. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 200 responden yang berasal dari mahasiswa berbagai program studi Sains (IPA, Biologi, Kimia, Fisika) di 10 Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Studi eksplorasi ini memberikan hasil bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran berbentuk praktikum selama pandemi Covid-19 ini mayoritas tetap dilaksanakan dengan bentuk praktikum eksperimen menggunakan alat dan bahan yang sederhana paling biasa dilakukan dan menjadi yang paling diminati oleh mayoritas responden. Terdapat praktikum yang masih dilakukan secara Luring dengan mempertimbangkan protokol kesehatan ketat. Kendala utama yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa adalah pada ketersediaan alat dan bahan. Bentuk penjelasan dosen terkait prosedur praktikum paling dirasa maksimal adalah pemanfaatan bentuk buku modul/petunjuk praktikum disertai dengan penjelasan dosen. Mayoritas mahasiswa tetap ingin kegiatan praktikum terlaksana, namun mahasiswa menganggap bahwa praktikum terlaksana selama ini dengan tidak efektif dilakukan melalui daring.
EFFECT OF SIMILAR ATOM SUBSTITUTION ON THE GLASS FORMING ABILITY OF Al86Ni9(Y, Sm)5 METALLIC GLASSES
Authors: Li Zhuo , Su Xiaotian , Li Tingting , Lian Jingbao , Wang Rui , Wu Nianchu 
Published: August 2022

The effect of similar atom substitution on the glass forming ability (GFA) of Al86Ni9(Y, Sm)5 (x = (0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5)) metallic glasses (MGs) was explored on the basis of the theory of the Fermi sphere-Brillouin zone interaction. Similar atom substitution (Sm) mainly affects the static structure between Al atoms and Y (Sm) atoms, changing the diameter of the pseudo-Brillouin zone (KP). Its effect on the Fermi level and Brillouin zone size is characterized with spectroscopy experiments. The |δ|=|KP – 2KF| criterion is used to evaluate the effect of the Sm element substitution on the GFA. This criterion can help us obtain the optimal GFA composition (Al86Ni9Y3.5Sm1.5) of Al86Ni9(Y, Sm)5 amorphous alloys, confirmed also by the experimental results.
Blind Cinema: Reframing Visual Impairment in Shadow Girl (Chile 2016)
Authors: Ledesma Eduardo 
Published: August 2022

From an ableist perspective, few things may seem more unlikely than a blind filmmaker. Vision (a physical state) and the "gaze" (a theoretical construct) are central to and constitutive of film, so how could it be possible for a blind person to make a film? Yet, blind and visually impaired filmmakers such as Chilean director María Teresa Larraín, by virtue of their unique perspective, capture images in new ways, reframing blindness and altering society's expectations about the central role of the image and of how visuality operates in film. Recent films by visually impaired directors, as well as collaborations between blind and sighted filmmakers, show how the aesthetics and content of these works represent the experience of blindness. For example, Larraín's autobiographical documentary "Shadow Girl" (2016) mimics the filmmaker-protagonist's gradual vision loss by progressively darkening the screen, placing the spectator at the center of her traumatic experience. This self-reflexive documentary narrates the filmmakers' journey into blindness and, concurrently, her return to Chile after a lengthy exile. The loss of her vision is intricately linked to the loss of the Chile she recalls, binding the personal to the political. By asserting a new visual style that evokes vision loss even as she advocates for her rights as a blind artist, Larraín will reconstruct her status as a filmmaker and locate a renewed hope for Chile. Moreover, Shadow Girl disrupts our mistaken belief that vision is the primary way of processing the cinematic experience and the world at-large, making it a truly transgressive film in form and content alike.
Misfits and ecological saints: strategies for non-normative living in autistic life writing
Authors: Stenning Anna Catherine 
Published: August 2022

The historical construction of autism since the early 20th century has retained a focus on deficient 'interest in people, severe impairments in communication and bizarre responses to the environment' (DSM III). This means that he or she is represented as narcissistic and a-social rather than 'ecocentric', with an interest in the 'mechanical aspects of the environment'. Life writing by autistics including Chris Packham (2018) and Tito Rajarshi Mukhopadhyay (2008) demonstrates an awareness that human experiences of the non-human world are intra-active and constantly changing (Alaimo 2010).
Ironically, autistic writers who describe affinity with non-human nature are seen as having an innate (hence unreflective and naïve, in Schiller's sense) ecocentrism. This downplays the importance of experimental life writing by autistic authors which displays self-awareness and sensitivity to preconceptions about autism. Whether environmental discourse frames autistics as symbols of toxic practices such as vaccination (see Gibbons 2017) or as 'exemplary neurotypes' (Duan et al 2018) enabled by their autism to deliver us from collective environmental threat, this contributes to the silencing of autistic experience. This is particularly the case when we recognize that autistic lives are manifold and involve difficulties that are highly individual. These difficulties are often key to understanding their author's self-stories.
This article reads the autobiographical writings of Packham, Greta Thunberg and Mukhopadhyay in terms of intra-action between humans and their environments. It attends to the ways that autistic self-narratives are framed, and how they suggest the 'emergence of alternative strategies of nonnormative living" that include writing itself (Grossman 2019).