bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and commercial fishing practices codetermine survival of a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Riecke Thomas V. , Catlin Daniel H. , Hunt Kelsi L. , Weithman Chelsea E. , Koons David N. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Fraser James D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the environmental mechanisms that govern population change is a fundamental objective in ecology. Although the determination of how top‐down and bottom‐up drivers affect demography is important, it is often equally critical to understand the extent to which, environmental conditions that underpin these drivers fluctuate across time. For example, associations between climate and both food availability and predation risk may suggest the presence of trophic interactions that may influence inferences made from patterns in ecological data. Analytical tools have been developed to account for these correlations, while providing opportunities to ask novel questions regarding how populations change across space and time. Here, we combine two modeling disciplines—path analysis and mark‐recapture‐recovery models—to explore whether shifts in sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) influenced top‐down (entanglement in fishing equipment) or bottom‐up (forage fish production) population constraints over 60 years, and the extent to which these covarying processes shaped the survival of a long‐lived seabird, the Royal tern. We found that hemispheric trends in SST were associated with variation in the amount of fish harvested along the Atlantic coast of North America and in the Caribbean, whereas reductions in forage fish production were mostly driven by shifts in the amount of fish harvested by commercial fisheries throughout the North Atlantic the year prior. Although the indirect (i.e., stock depletion) and direct (i.e., entanglement) impacts of commercial fishing on Royal tern mortality has declined over the last 60 years, increased SSTs during this time period has resulted in a comparable increase in mortality risk, which disproportionately impacted the survival of the youngest age‐classes of Royal terns. Given climate projections for the North Atlantic, our results indicate that threats to Royal tern population persistence in the Mid‐Atlantic will most likely be driven by failures to recruit juveniles into the breeding population.
Spatial protection tools as indicators of the ‘health’ of the Antarctic Treaty system
Authors: Roura Ricardo M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat do ongoing discussions about Antarctic spatial protection tools tell us about the ‘health’ or overall condition of the Antarctic Treaty system 60 years after its entry into force? The Antarctic Treaty (1959, in force 1961) resulted from the alignment of common international interests (e.g., maintenance of peace, freedom of scientific investigation) with the national interests of original signatory states (e.g., ‘freezing’ of diverging positions on territorial claims). Later instruments adopted by Antarctic Treaty states replicated this scheme and allowed agreement on, among other issues, environmental protection, and marine ecosystem conservation. This paper draws on an examination of the series of spatial protection tools in force established by the main Antarctic Treaty system bodies, and observations conducted in annual decision‐making meetings. Issues of conflict emerge as the size, complexity, and conservation ambitions of spatial protection tools increase, resulting in a weakening of the proposals and lack of consensus. This paper argues that establishing spatial protection tools reflects an intent by Antarctic Treaty states to engage with the Antarctic Treaty system for the longer term; however, the establishment trajectory of spatial protection tools is sensitive to resource interests and broader Antarctic geopolitics. Ongoing difficulties of Antarctic Treaty fora to reach consensus on the spatial protection tools they agreed to establish – and on other important issues – bring into question the current effectiveness of the Antarctic Treaty system. The path to recovery requires Antarctic Treaty states to negotiate in good faith with a view to finding consensus, while upholding the environmental objectives of Antarctic Treaty system instruments.
Climate justice and loss and damage: Hurricane Dorian, Haitians and human rights
Authors: Thomas Adelle , Benjamin Lisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGeographical place, socioeconomic status and citizenship matter in the context of climate change. The most vulnerable members of society are frequently the ones hardest hit by climate‐induced extreme events. Vulnerable communities often live in climate‐exposed locations, and have access to fewer resources to prepare for and respond to disasters. This is the case for Haitian migrants in The Bahamas—vulnerable communities located within a climate‐vulnerable country. Haitian communities were the locus of the majority of deaths and missing people attributed to the 2019 Hurricane Dorian and faced a series of distributional, procedural and recognition injustices. We investigate the historical factors and contemporary conditions of Haitian communities in The Bahamas that resulted in significant inequities, disproportional impacts and infractions of human rights by the Bahamian government. We show how this experience complexifies discourse on loss and damage and climate‐induced migration in small island developing states and exemplifies the need for human rights approaches to loss and damage that incorporate multi‐scalar dimensions of climate justice.
Bioactivity analysis of calcium silicate‐based sealers and repair cements on the phenotype and cytokine secretion profile of CD14+ monocytes: An ex vivo study
Authors: Castro‐Jara Silvia , Antilef Bárbara , Osbén Carolina , Alcántara Raúl , Fraga Marco , Nova‐Lamperti Estefanía , Sánchez‐Sanhueza Gabriela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the immune bioactivity of testing media (TM) obtained from different calcium silicate‐based sealers and cements on monocyte morphology, activation, differentiation and cytokine secretion.MethodsBlood‐derived CD14+ monocytes were isolated and cultured for 5 days with 25% TM from the following calcium silicate‐based materials: TotalFill BC RRM Fast‐Set Putty, Biodentine, TotalFill BC Sealer and BioRoot‐Root‐Canal‐Sealer (RCS). A resin‐based endodontic cement was used as a control. The expression of surface markers such as CD86, HLA‐DR, CD16, CD309 and CD209, and cytokine secretion were analysed by flow cytometry. Data were analysed using the one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (anova) multiple comparison test and a Holm–Sidak multiple comparison post‐hoc test (p < .05).ResultsThis comparative analysis revealed that monocytes co‐cultured with calcium silicate‐based materials showed a spindle‐shaped morphology compared with the round shape observed in the control. Regarding activation markers, BioRoot‐RCS and Biodentine significantly increased CD86 expression compared with the control sample, whereas no significant differences (p > .05) were observed in HLA‐DR expression. In addition, no differences were observed among the differentiation markers. When the inflammatory cytokines were analysed, BioRoot‐RCS increased the secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α, whereas BioRoot‐RCS and Biodentine significantly decreased IL‐8 production (p < .05).ConclusionsThese data showed that the calcium silicate‐based materials tested changed the morphology of CD14+ monocytes; however, only BioRoot‐RCS and Biodentine significantly upregulated CD86. In addition, BioRoot‐RCS was the sealer with the highest immunomodulatory properties for cytokine production which means that it can contribute with the in vivo healing process and regeneration of periapical lesions.
Heterogeneous material joining of sapphire and TC4 alloy with a functionally graded interface
Authors: Li Wanjun , Ji Wei , Zhu Qiqi , Fan Bowen , Zou Ji , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe natural high brittleness of sapphire leads to its poor machinability, which limits its application shape and size. The connection between sapphire and metal provides a new method to prepare large‐size sapphire components and complex structural parts. In this study, sapphire and TC4 alloy were joined by spark plasma sintering (SPS) diffusion technology with Al2O3‐Ti as interlayer fillers. The effects of filler composition, sintering temperature, microstructure, and phase distribution on the strength of the joint were explored. The results showed that sapphire and TC4 could be well connected by SPS with Al2O3‐Ti fillers. The microstructure of the joint showed no obvious defect or element enrichment. The optimized shear strength of sapphire/interlayer(Al2O3‐Ti)/TC4 joint reached 121 MPa, and the fracture path mode was sapphire‐interlayer‐TC4, indicating the strong bonding between the heterogeneous materials. The sapphire/interlayer(Al2O3‐Ti)/TC4 structure could relieve the residual stress caused by the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient in direct connection between sapphire and TC4.
Dietary supplements for aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities: A randomised controlled crossover trial
Authors: Gast David A. A. , Didden Robert , Westera Johanna J. , van de Rest Ondine , van Hemert Albert M. , Giltay Erik J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAggressive incidents are common in people with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether supplementation of multivitamins, minerals, and omega‐3 fatty acids (FA) reduces aggressive incidents.MethodsWe conducted a randomised, triple blind, placebo controlled, single crossover intervention trial. People with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning, between 12 and 40 years of age, and showing aggressive behaviour were included. Participants received either a daily dose of dietary supplements, or placebo. Primary outcome was the number of aggressive incidents, measured using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS).Resultsthere were 113 participants (placebo, n = 56), of whom 24 (placebo, n = 10) participated in the crossover phase of the trial. All 137 trajectories were included in the analyses. There was no significant difference in mean number of aggressive incidents per day between those assigned to supplements and those who received placebo (rate ratio = 0.93: 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.59–1.45).ConclusionIn this pragmatic trial, we did not find significant differences in the outcomes between the supplement and placebo arms. The COVID‐19 pandemic started midway through our trial, this may have affected the results.
Biogeographic ancestry information facilitates genetic racial essentialism: Consequences for race‐based judgments
Authors: James Drexler , Bonam Courtney M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDirect‐to‐consumer genetic ancestry tests measurebiogeographic ancestry(BGA), which refers to an individual's ancestral origin in relation to major population groups. There is growing concern that biogeographic information exaggerates both false beliefs about racial genetic differences and, ultimately, racial bias. Across three studies (N = 1317), we find that biogeographic information impacts racial categorization and beliefs about both genetic racial essentialism (i.e., the extent to which people believe that race is genetically derived) and biological race differences. Specifically, we find people are more likely to categorize Black/White biracial targets as Black and believe that a target is more biologically different from White people (e.g., has thicker skin) as the target's percentsub‐Saharan African biogeographic ancestry(ABGA) increases (Studies 1 and 2). We also find that people misrepresent BGA as “race genes,” such that they perceive Black/White biracial targets with more ABGA as sharing more genes with Black people, which then predicts greater Black racial categorization of the target and increased beliefs that the target is susceptible to certain physical and mental illnesses (Study 2). Notably, BGA remains a predictor of these outcomes even when people know the target's specificracial ancestry, that is, their exact number of Black grandparents (Study 2). Finally, we find that exposing people to the idea that race is genetically derived, compared to biologically derived, exaggerates beliefs that genes determine both human life (genetic essentialism) and racial categories (genetic racial essentialism; Study 3). We discuss implications for studying psychological essentialism, racial bias, and racial health disparities.
Madagascar's grassy biomes are ancient and there is much to learn about their ecology and evolution
Authors: Bond William J. , Silander John A. , Ratsirarson Joelisoa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor most of the 20th century, the hypothesis was accepted that Madagascar's extensive grass‐dominated ecosystems were of anthropogenic origin, carved out of pristine forests after a mere two millennia of human settlement. We tested an alternative hypothesis that these C4 grassy ecosystems were part of the general Late Miocene expansion of tropical grassy biomes, using diverse data from published sources (Bond et al. 2008). Joseph and Seymour (2021) criticised this paper, which they see as seminal to subsequent studies on the grasslands. Here we respond to their critique of our study. We also briefly note diverse studies since 2008 pointing to the ancient origin of Madagascar's C4 grasses and the ecosystems they dominate. We conclude with key research needs that will help promote open‐minded research on these long neglected grassy biomes. The answers would be of considerable scientific and public interest but may also contribute to enlightened management of forest/grassland mosaics.
Role of TNFSF15 variants in oral cancer development and clinicopathologic characteristics
Authors: Lu Hsueh‐Ju , Chuang Chun‐Yi , Su Chun‐Wen , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Yang Wei‐En , Yeh Chia‐Ming , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTumour necrosis family superfamily (TNFSF) member 15 (TNFSF15), encoded by TNFSF15, regulates immune responses and inflammation. However, the roles of TNFSF15 single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs; formerly SNPs) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) remain unclear. This case–control study included 2523 participants (1324 patients with OCSCC [52.5%] and 1199 healthy controls [47.5%]). The effects of TNFSF15 rs3810936, rs6478108 and rs6478109 on cancer development and prognosis were analysed by real‐time PCR genotype assay. The Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to validate our findings. The results demonstrated that the patients with altered TNFSF15 SNVs had poorer histological differentiation than did those with wild‐type alleles. TNFSF15 SNVs were significantly associated with moderate‐to‐poor histological differentiation in univariate logistic regression. In the GTEx database, the expression of altered TNFSF15 SNVs in whole blood was lower than that of wild‐type alleles. However, the expression of altered SNVs in the upper aerodigestive mucosa was higher than that of wild‐type alleles. In the TCGA database, the patients with higher TNFSF15 expression had shorter overall survival than did those with lower TNFSF15 expression, especially for human papillomavirus‐negative and advanced staging groups. In conclusion, although TNFSF15 SNVs did not affect OCSCC development, the patients with altered TNFSF15 SNVs exhibited poorer histological differentiation. The patients with higher TNFSF15 expression had poorer prognosis than did those with lower TNFSF15 expression.
Dual‐class share structure and innovation
Authors: Baran Lindsay , Forst Arno , Tony Via M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing a sample of dual‐class firms matched with single‐class firms possessing similar antitakeover protection, we find a positive association between disproportionate insider control and patent output, quality, creativity, research and development efficiency, and chief executive officer innovative risk taking. We also find, however, that the positive effects of disproportionate control on innovation are concentrated in financially constrained firms and firms in highly competitive industries, and that the positive effects dissipate within 10 years after the initial public offering. Most important, the positive effect of dual‐class structures for innovation is conditional on the presence of innovative insiders in the firm. These findings imply that entrenchment through concentrated control in the hands of uniquely innovative corporate insiders provides a positive environment for innovativeness beyond the entrenchment effects of alternative antitakeover measures.
Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets
Authors: Gao Feng , Wang Chuanqi , Zhang Wentao , Shi Baoming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOils provide a considerable amount of energy to the swine diet, but they are prone to lipid oxidation if not properly preserved. Consumption of oxidized oils can adversely affect the animal organism and even the offspring. This study investigated the impact of oxidized soybean oil in the diets of sows from 107 days gestation to 21 days of lactation on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets. Sixteen sows were randomly allocated into two groups: one group (n = 8) was fed with the fresh soybean oil (FSO) diet, and another group (n = 8) was treated with the oxidized soybean oil (OSO) diet. Dietary oxidized soybean oil does not affect sow performance. Antioxidant enzyme activity in the milk was reduced significantly in the OSO group, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), and catalase (CAT) activities (p < 0.05). On Day 21, oxidized soybean oil increased tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and interleukin 8 (IL‐8) levels in sow milk and the concentrations of TNF‐α and IL‐8 cytokines in plasma (p < 0.05). Suckling piglets from sows fed on OSO showed a trend towards increased IL‐6 and TNF‐α in plasma (p < 0.1). The mRNA expression of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) was augmented, whereas interleukin 10 (IL‐10) was decreased, and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) had a tendency to be down‐regulated in OSO treatment. This study revealed that the OSO of feed decreased the antioxidant capacity of milk, further contributing to the inflammatory response in the jejunum of suckling piglets.
Ventral organization of Jianfengia multisegmentalis Hou, and its implications for the head segmentation of megacheirans
Authors: Zhang Xilin , Liu Yu , O'Flynn Robert J. , Schmidt Michel , Melzer Roland R. , Hou Xianguang , Mai Huijuan , Guo Jin , Yu Mengxiao , Ortega‐Hernández Javier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMegacheirans, or great‐appendage euarthropods, have featured prominently in discussions regarding the early evolution of the head region in total‐group Euarthropoda. However, several aspects of the ventral morphology of most representatives remain incompletely known given the loss of data associated with fossil compression, coupled with the rarity of some of these taxa. Here, we describe the ventral aspect of head organization of the jianfengiid megacheiran Jianfengia multisegmentalis using micro computed‐tomography, and explore its evolutionary significance. The head consists of a pair of stalked eyes, a pair of great appendages, and four pairs of biramous appendages, all covered by a dorsal head shield. The rostral portion of the head bears a median projection, which we interpret as an anterior sclerite akin to that observed in several other Cambrian euarthropods. The anterior sclerite in J. multisegmentalis articulates with robust stalks with rounded projections in a more adaxial position, and bears the compound eyes. Critically, the ventral side of the head of J. multisegmentalis features a prominent lobe‐shaped hypostome/labrum complex located immediately behind the great appendages, and between the first pair of biramous appendages. This situation is consistent with that observed in Leanchoilia illecebrosa and suggests a conserved, and possibly ancestral, pattern of a six‐segmented head (eyes, great appendages and four biramous limb appendages) with a hypostome/labrum complex for Megacheira. The existence of the hypostome/labrum complex in J. multisegmentalis falsifies the hypothesis that the anterior projections on the head of jianfengiids might be homologues of the euarthropod labrum.
The genesis of Xindian gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula, NE China: Constraints from zircon U–Pb ages, S–Pb isotopes, and pyrite trace element chemistry
Authors: Yu Bing , Zeng Qingdong , Frimmel Hartwig E. , Yang Jinhui , Zhou Lingli , Drakou Foteini , Mcclenaghan Sean H. , Wang Yongbin , Wang Ruiliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Xindian deposit is a medium tonnage (>5 tonnes of Au) quartz vein‐type gold deposit located on the south‐central part of the Liaodong Peninsula, China. A total of 37 auriferous quartz veins are hosted within the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Gaixian Formation and Late Triassic porphyritic biotite granite. Mineral paragenesis indicates that gold mineralization took place in three stages: early milky quartz‐pyrite stage, main gray quartz‐polymetallic sulfide and gold stage, and late quartz‐calcite‐pyrite stage. Silicification and pyritization are spatially and temporally associated with the main mineralization stage. Zircon U–Pb dating from dikes that predate and postdate the mineralization constrain the timing of mineralization to the Early Cretaceous, between 127.2 and 120.9 Ma. High‐precision in‐situ S isotope analyses yielded δ34S values for pyrite, sphalerite and galena of 10.1–11.0‰, 10.3–10.5‰, and 8.6–8.8‰, respectively, indicating that S was derived from the multiple sources. In‐situ Pb isotope analyses resulted in 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of 38.207–38.634, 15.598–15.668, and 18.027–18.143, respectively, for pyrite and galena, suggesting Pb derivation from a mixture of Gaixian Formation metamorphic rocks and other potential sources. In‐situ LA‐ICP‐MS trace element mapping and spot analyses show that the inner core of the pyrite (Py‐ic) formed early and is generally enriched in Au, As, Co, Ni, Bi, and Te, the outer core of the pyrite (Py‐oc) contains less Co, Ni, As, and Au, but more Cu, Pb, and Zn, whereas the rim of the pyrite (Py‐r) is enriched in Ag, Sn, Sb, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Trace element signatures of pyrite reveal that the mineralizing fluid was initially of magmatic‐hydrothermal origin, and subsequently modified by intensive interaction with the wall rock (Gaixian Formation). Our results consistently demonstrate that the Xindian gold deposit is resulted from fluid–rock interaction between the Early Cretaceous magmatic‐hydrothermal fluids and Gaixian Formation metamorphic wall rocks that enriched the metal budget of the mineralizing fluid. Then the addition of meteoric water significantly changed the physical and chemical conditions of the mineralizing fluid, triggering gold precipitation in the Xindian deposit. The results of our study expand the Early Cretaceous gold metallogenic models in the Liaodong Peninsula, highlighting the importance of the Gaixian Formation for regional gold mineralization.