bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2014 severe drought over northeast China and its comparison with droughts over the southern regions: A perspective from synergic effects of water vapour and cold air
Authors: Yuan Dian , Hao Jiawei , Lu Er , Dai Wei , Gao Rong , Zhao Chunyu , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Haiyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNortheast China (NEC) is an agricultural base of the country. It suffered a severe drought in 2014. During the drought, the western Pacific subtropical high is stronger than normal and stretches to the west. The warm and moist air in the southwest edge of the high transports northwestwards and thus cannot affect NEC. Over high latitudes, in the regions west and east to NEC, there are large anomalies in geopotential height, which favour meridional exchange and may lead to stronger‐than‐normal cold air intrusions. Because of the lack of warm and moist air supply from the south while the invasion of the cold and dry air from the north, the atmosphere over NEC is finally drier and colder than normal in saturation levels. Based on the physical relation between seasonal precipitation and relative humidity, along with the defined Cq and CT, indicators for measuring the changes in moisture and temperature, the effects of water vapour and air temperature on the drought can be linearly separated, and thus compared. Results reveal that, at middle and high levels, the dryness of the air, which plays a positive role in the drought, can offset the negative effect of the coldness, and the atmosphere over NEC then maintains a lower‐than‐normal relative humidity. In the near‐surface level, the air is drier and warmer than normal, which facilitates the drought.
Highly stretchable island‐structure metal oxide thin‐film transistor arrays using acrylic adhesive for deformable display applications
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Nakata Mitsuru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStretchable electronics are a promising technology for introducing new styles of display applications and for realizing displays that can be adapted to various free shapes, such as domes and spheres, to suit various viewing styles. To fabricate a stretchable display, it is necessary to form thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and light‐emitting devices on stretchable substrates. We demonstrate high‐performance stretchable metal oxide TFT islands on polyimide film using an acrylic adhesive structure. We developed mass transfer technology for metal oxide island TFTs on a polyimide film to be transferred on a stretchable substrate in a batch and a device structure with a passivation layer that stabilizes device characteristics when the substrate is stretched. The TFT showed stable switching characteristics with a mobility of 30 cm2/Vs without any fluctuation, even when the substrate was stretched from 0% to 50% and released to 0%.
S‐Allylcysteine Potently Protects against PhIP‐Induced DNA Damage via Nrf2/AhR Signaling Pathway Modulation in Normal Human Colonic Mucosal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lin Wei‐Sheng , Lai Ying‐Jang , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2022

ScopeThis study aims to investigate whether S‐allylcysteine (SAC) exerts chemoprophylactic effects on foodborne carcinogenicity caused by 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) in normal human colonic mucosal epithelial cells.Methods and resultsCellular thermal shift assays show that SAC has an affinity for the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein. Moreover, SAC may also dampen the binding of Keap1 and NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) by inhibiting p‐p38 and increasing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT), thereby inducing Nrf2/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signaling and upregulating the ratio of glutathione (GSH) to GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione), which inhibits PhIP‐induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. In addition, SAC significantly downregulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, suggesting that SAC may potentially impede the metabolic transformation of carcinogens.ConclusionCollectively, these findings suggest that SAC protects against PhIP‐induced reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage by modulating the Nrf2/AhR signaling pathway, which may have significant potential as a novel chemopreventive agent.
Mathematical modeling of the lower urinary tract: A review
Authors: Jaskowak Daniel , Nunez Roberto , Ramachandran Rahul , Alhajjar Elie , Yin John , Guidoboni Giovanna , Danziger Zachary C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsUnderstand what progress has been made toward a functionally predictive lower urinary tract (LUT) model, identify knowledge gaps, and develop from them a path forward.MethodsWe surveyed prominent mathematical models of the basic LUT components (bladder, urethra, and their neural control) and categorized the common modeling strategies and theoretical assumptions associated with each component. Given that LUT function emerges from the interaction of these components, we emphasized attempts to model their connections, and highlighted unmodeled aspects of LUT function.ResultsThere is currently no satisfactory model of the LUT in its entirety that can predict its function in response to disease, treatment, or other perturbations. In particular, there is a lack of physiologically based mathematical descriptions of the neural control of the LUT.ConclusionsBased on our survey of the work to date, a potential path to a predictive LUT model is a modular effort in which models are initially built of individual tissue‐level components using methods that are extensible and interoperable, allowing them to be connected and tested in a common framework. A modular approach will allow the larger goal of a comprehensive LUT model to be in sight while keeping individual efforts manageable, ensure new models can straightforwardly build on prior research, respect potential interactions between components, and incentivize efforts to model absent components. Using a modular framework and developing models based on physiological principles, to create a functionally predictive model is a challenge that the field is ready to undertake.
Lessons from Brazil's unsuccessful fiscal decentralization policy to fight COVID‐19
Authors: Cardoso Ricardo Lopes , Azevedo Ricardo Rocha de , Pigatto José Alexandre Magrini , Fajardo Bernardo de Abreu Guelber , Cunha Armando Santos Moreira da 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis manuscript investigates the unsuccessful case of the fiscal decentralization policy implemented by the Brazilian central government to help municipalities fight COVID‐19. Based on quantitative analyses of data available on governmental websites, we identified that the transfer policy had ignored municipalities' risk patterns and income changes. It benefited municipalities regardless of their vulnerability and population infection risks, and many municipalities reduced healthcare expenditures funded by their revenues during the pandemic. Hence, some municipalities made a “pandemic surplus” in 2020 – a municipal electoral year. Indeed, COVID‐19 killed 663,694 people in Brazil until 4 May 2022. Lessons from an unsuccessful case of response to COVID‐19 help develop resilience for other crises by emerging market economies and developing countries. The findings have implications for policymakers and literature since they represent inadequate vertical coordination that followed a path dependence on traditional decentralization policies and took place in a year of municipal elections without clear spending and accountability rules.
The Responsibility of Science: An Introduction
Authors: Mieg Harald A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis is the introduction to the book The Responsibility of Science, containing three parts. I explain both the concept of responsibility and science as an institution. I then present lines of argumentation that run through the essays of this volume and combine them. (i) Responsibility is a relational concept, derived from the verb “to respond.” Therefore, the concept of responsibility refers to a relation involving at least three elements: Someone is responsible for something to someone else. Moreover, responsibility is attributive, that is, resulting from a social attribution of guilt or duties to a person. (ii) Science is meant here to refer to historically developed, institutionalized research and to be thought of independently of the objects of that research. Therefore, by ‘science,’ I am referring to natural and social sciences as well as humanities, and make no distinction between pure and applied science. (iii) This volume lives through the many references that link the chapters and the lines of argumentation that develop in the work, such as Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) as a new approach within EU research policy; the ethical question of the moral person in science; and the effects of the institutionalization and professionalization of science.
Science as a Profession: And Its Responsibility
Authors: Mieg Harald A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScientific responsibility has changed with the successful professionalization of science. Today, science is a privileged profession, one with a (tacit) management mandate for systematic knowledge acquisition. Within this framework, science acts with responsibility. This chapter reflects the responsibility of science in the German context. After Wold War 2, the extraordinary responsibility of scientists, which C.F. von Weizsäcker emphasized, referred to a specific phase in the institutional development of science, termed scientism (“science justifies society,” science as religion), and corresponded to an elite responsibility. Today, one responsibility of science as a profession is to safeguard and develop scientific standards. This also concerns, on the one hand, the self-organization and control of science as a profession and, on the other hand, the communication of science to society. As a professional scientist, one has two responsibilities, the commitments to good science (professional ethics plus co-responsibility for the development of science as a profession) and civic responsibility. Due to their special knowledge, the civic responsibility of the scientist differs from that of other professionals. This chapter introduces science as a profession and presents an integrative notion of responsibility, also shedding light on the social responsibility of science.
Evolution of the Automatic Rhodopsin Modeling (ARM) Protocol
Authors: González Laura Pedraza , Barneschi Leonardo , Padula Daniele , Vico Luca De , Olivucci Massimo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, photoactive proteins such as rhodopsins have become a common target for cutting-edge research in the field of optogenetics. Alongside wet-lab research, computational methods are also developing rapidly to provide the necessary tools to analyze and rationalize experimental results and, most of all, drive the design of novel systems. The Automatic Rhodopsin Modeling (ARM) protocol is focused on providing exactly the necessary computational tools to study rhodopsins, those being either natural or resulting from mutations. The code has evolved along the years to finally provide results that are reproducible by any user, accurate and reliable so as to replicate experimental trends. Furthermore, the code is efficient in terms of necessary computing resources and time, and scalable in terms of both number of concurrent calculations as well as features. In this review, we will show how the code underlying ARM achieved each of these properties.
Robotic Process Mining
Authors: Dumas Marlon , Rosa Marcello La , Leno Volodymyr , Polyvyanyy Artem , Maggi Fabrizio Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUser interaction logs allow us to analyze the execution of tasks in a business process at a finer level of granularity than event logs extracted from enterprise systems. The fine-grained nature of user interaction logs open up a number of use cases. For example, by analyzing such logs, we can identify best practices for executing a given task in a process, or we can elicit differences in performance between workers or between teams. Furthermore, user interaction logs allow us to discover repetitive and automatable routines that occur during the execution of one or more tasks in a process. Along this line, this chapter introduces a family of techniques, called Robotic Process Mining (RPM), which allow us to discover repetitive routines that can be automated using robotic process automation technology. The chapter presents a structured landscape of concepts and techniques for RPM, including techniques for user interaction log preprocessing, techniques for discovering frequent routines, notions of routine automatability, as well as techniques for synthesizing executable routine specifications for robotic process automation.
Declarative Process Specifications: Reasoning, Discovery, Monitoring
Authors: Di Ciccio Claudio , Montali Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe declarative specification of business processes is based upon the elicitation of behavioural rules that constrain the legal executions of the process. The carry-out of the process is up to the actors, who can vary the execution dynamics as long as they do not violate the constraints imposed by the declarative model. The constraints specify the conditions that require, permit or forbid the execution of activities, possibly depending on the occurrence (or absence) of other ones. In this chapter, we review the main techniques for process mining using declarative process specifications, which we call declarative process mining. In particular, we focus on three fundamental tasks of (1) reasoning on declarative process specifications, which is in turn instrumental to their (2) discovery from event logs and their (3) monitoring against running process executions to promptly detect violations. We ground our review on Declare, one of the most widely studied declarative process specification languages. Thanks to the fact that Declare can be formalized using temporal logics over finite traces, we exploit the automata-theoretic characterization of such logics as the core, unified algorithmic basis to tackle reasoning, discovery, and monitoring. We conclude the chapter with a discussion on recent advancements in declarative process mining, considering in particular multi-perspective extensions of the original approach.
Phase structure of self-dual lattice gauge theories in 4d
Authors: Anosova Mariia , Gattringer Christof , Iqbal Nabil , Sulejmanpasic Tin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We discuss U(1) lattice gauge theory models based on a modified Villain formulation of the gauge action, which allows coupling to bosonic electric and magnetic matter. The formulation enjoys a duality which maps electric and magnetic sectors into each other. We propose several generalizations of the model and discuss their ’t Hooft anomalies. A particularly interesting class of theories is the one where electric and magnetic matter fields are coupled with identical actions, such that for a particular value of the gauge coupling the theory has a self-dual symmetry. The self-dual symmetry turns out to be a generator of a group which is a central extension of ℤ4 by the lattice translation symmetry group. The simplest case amenable to numerical simulations is the case when there is exactly one electrically and one magnetically charged boson. We discuss the phase structure of this theory and the nature of the self-dual symmetry in detail. Using a suitable worldline representation of the system we present the results of numerical simulations that support the conjectured phase diagram.
Modelling human placental villous development: designing cultures that reflect anatomy
Authors: James Joanna L. , Lissaman Abbey , Nursalim Yohanes N. S. , Chamley Lawrence W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of in vitro tools to study trophoblast differentiation and function is essential to improve understanding of normal and abnormal placental development. The relative accessibility of human placentae enables the use of primary trophoblasts and placental explants in a range of in vitro systems. Recent advances in stem cell models, three-dimensional organoid cultures, and organ-on-a-chip systems have further shed light on the complex microenvironment and cell–cell crosstalk involved in placental development. However, understanding each model’s strengths and limitations, and which in vivo aspects of human placentation in vitro data acquired does, or does not, accurately reflect, is key to interpret findings appropriately. To help researchers use and design anatomically accurate culture models, this review both outlines our current understanding of placental development, and critically considers the range of established and emerging culture models used to study this, with a focus on those derived from primary tissue.
Adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function in adulthood: examining the roles of depressive symptoms and inflammation in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lowry Elaine , McInerney Amy , Schmitz Norbert , Deschênes Sonya S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with cognitive decline in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms implicated remain unclear. This study investigated depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation as potential mediators of the association between ACEs and later cognitive function.

Methods
Participants were adults aged 50 + from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 3029; 54.8% female). Measures included self-reported ACEs at wave 3 (2006–2007), C-reactive protein (CRP) and depressive symptoms at wave 4 (2008–2009), and cognitive function at waves 3 and 7 (2014–2015). Mediation analyses examined the direct associations between ACEs and cognitive function at wave 7 and the indirect associations via depressive symptoms and CRP at wave 4. In a first set of analyses, models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and baseline cognitive function. In a second set of analyses, models were additionally adjusted for BMI and health behaviours (n = 1915).

Results
Cumulative ACEs exposure positively predicted depressive symptoms (b = 0.184, s.e. = 0.034, p < .001), which in turn predicted poorer cognitive function at wave 7 (b =  − 0.035, s.e. = 0.008, p < .001). ACEs also positively predicted systemic inflammation as measured by CRP (b = 0.031, s.e. = 0.01, p = 0.0016). However, CRP did not mediate the association between ACEs and later cognitive function (b =  − 0.0002, 95% CI: − 0.002, 0.002).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that ACEs may be related to cognitive decline partly via depressive symptoms and corroborate prior research linking ACEs with systemic inflammation in adulthood.
An enhanced variable-fidelity optimization approach for constrained optimization problems and its parallelization
Authors: Cheng Ji , Lin Qiao , Yi Jiaxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a variable-fidelity constrained lower confidence bound (VF-CLCB) criterion is presented for computationally expensive constrained optimization problems (COPs) with two levels of fidelity. In VF-CLCB, the hierarchical Kriging model is adopted to model the objective and inequality constraints. Two infill sampling functions are developed based on the objective and the constraints, respectively, and an adaptive selection strategy is set to select the elite sample points. Moreover, based on the VF-CLCB criterion, a parallel optimization method noted as PVF-CLCB is subsequently developed to accelerate the optimization process. In PVF-CLCB, a VF influence function is defined to approximately evaluate the estimation error of the hierarchical Kriging models, based on which multiple promising points can be determined at each iteration. In addition, an allocation strategy is proposed to distribute the computation resources between the objective- and constraint-oriented functions properly. Lastly, the proposed VF-CLCB and PVF-CLCB approaches are compared with the alternative methods on 12 benchmark numerical cases, and their significant superiority in solving computationally expensive COPs is verified. Furthermore, the proposed methods are employed to optimize the global stability of the stiffened cylindrical shell, and the optimum structure is yielded.
Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in a cohort of Australian servicewomen and female veterans
Authors: O’Shea Simone D. , Pope Rod , Freire Katharine , Orr Robin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in the general female population. It was hypothesised that Australian female military personnel and veterans would experience similar types and prevalence of LUTS as the broader Australian female population.

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was utilised to explore the pelvic health of active servicewomen and veterans in the Australian Defence Force (ADF). For the purposes of this report, only the demographic and LUTS data (excluding urinary tract infections) were extracted and descriptively analysed.

Results
A total of 491 complete survey responses were received and analysed. Respondent characteristics were comparable to those documented in a departmental report regarding ADF servicewomen. No LUTS were reported by 38% of respondents. Regular symptoms of urinary incontinence were experienced by 27% of respondents (stress urinary incontinence = 23%, urge urinary incontinence = 16%, mixed urinary incontinence = 13%), bladder storage issues by 20–27%, and various voiding impairments by 9–27%. In addition, 41% reported regularly experiencing two or more LUTS, and for over two thirds of respondents, LUTS were an ongoing issue. Relationships between age, parity, and symptoms of urinary incontinence were also seen.

Conclusions
Consistent with wider research in Australian female populations, LUTS were commonly experienced during service by ADF female military personnel and veterans. Given the high likelihood of female military personnel experiencing LUTS during their service, and a proportion experiencing ongoing symptoms, tailored monitoring and support for urinary health should be available to enhance occupational health, safety, and performance.
Observations of coral and cryptobenthic sponge fluorescence and recruitment on autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS)
Authors: Steyaert Margaux , Mogg Andrew , Dunn Nicholas , Dowell Rosalie , Head Catherine E. I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFluorescence imaging of benthic communities is a widely used tool for determining the rate of hard coral recruitment in tropical reefs. Whilst fluorescent proteins are well-studied in scleractinian corals, less is understood about their distribution and function in other sessile reef invertebrates. This short study examines fluorescence images of benthic communities on Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) from a remote and protected Indian Ocean reef system. We compare the abundance of adult and juvenile hard corals across three sites and between the topside and underside of ARMS recruitment plates. We also discuss observations of skeletal fluorescence in sponges, as well as uneven green fluorescent protein (GFP) concentrations across adult coral colonies. Our findings provide an insight into the recovery of shallow reefs previously hit by severe bleaching events and highlight the potential of ARMS fluorescence imaging for the analysis of cryptobenthic communities.