bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Software for Counting and Measuring Hyalella Genus Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pineda Ludy , Zuluaga Maycol , Ruíz Santiago , McCann David Fernandez , Vélez Fabio , Aguirre Nestor , Puerta Yarin , Cañón Julio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Amphipods of the Hyalella genus are aquatic macroinvertebrates of interest in areas such as limnology and ecotoxicology that use data on the number of Hyalella individuals and their allometric measurements to assess the environmental dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. We introduce the software HyACS, aimed at counting individuals and extracting morphological metrics of the Hyalella genus by means of artificial vision based on YOLOv3 and digital image processing techniques. The software detects body metrics of length, arc length, maximum width, eccentricity, perimeter, and area of Hyalella individuals, using basic imaging capture equipment. The method requires images for training and prediction stages. Results show high prediction levels with HyACS, reaching metrics above 90%, in the correct identification of individuals, performing up to five times faster than traditional visual counting, and offering precise morphological measurements of Hyalella individuals that may improve further studies of the species populations and boost their use as bioindicators of water quality.
Development of Vertical Garden Constructed Wetlands (VGCWs) for Treating Septic Tank Effluent
Authors: Koottatep Thammarat , Pussayanavin Tatchai , Prapasriket Pimchanok , Saetan Pitchaya , Suwannakeaw Mayulee , Polprasert Chongrak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vertical Garden Constructed Wetland (VGCW) system has been used as a post-treatment system to improve effluent quality of septic tanks and cesspools by enhancing nutrients, organic and solid removal according to the guidelines of effluent discharge. This study aimed to investigate the treatment performance of the VGCWs used as post-treatment for conventional or solar septic tanks. Laboratory-scale VGCWs, VGCWs with the media (mVGCW) and mVGCW with plants (mpVGCW) were fed with effluent collected from a septic tank and operated at various HRTs and plant types. Treatment performance of the VGCWs, mVGCWs and mpVGCWs treating effluent from the septic tank and operating at the 24h HRT or more was found to achieve the highest organic matters, nutrients and solids removal efficiencies (up to more than 90%). Moreover, the highest log reduction of E.coli of 2.8 was also observed at the 24h HRT. The Water Pennywort, Spider Ivy, Coleus, and Selaginella frosty can be planted in the VGCW system to enhance the overall treatment efficiencies. These results suggested the potential of the VGCWs as a post-treatment system for polishing septic tank effluent and improving environmental quality.
HPLC and ELISA Methods for Detection and Quantification of Fumonisins in Naturally Contaminated Maize
Authors: Sokolovic Marijana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fumonisins are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of pathogenic fungi that frequently contaminate maize and other cereals in the field and/or during storage. Although the mass spectrometry multi-mycotoxin detection methods are considered as the state-of-the-art in this area of research, the lack of necessary equipment and experience in many laboratories as well as difficulties to analyze fumonisins in multi-toxin methods are the main reasons for use of ELISA and/or HPLC methods for routine testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of HPLC method with post column derivatisation method for confirmation of the restults of competitive ELISA assay for detection and quantification of fumonisins (FB1, FB2 and FB3) in maize intended for use in feed industry. Calculated correlation parameters showed strong linear relationship of tested methods indicating that both methods are sensitive, reliable, reproducible, cost-effective and applicable for quantitative routine determination of fumonisins in maize.
Outcomes of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Infected with SARS-nCoV2 infection.
Authors: Kumar Krishna Mylavarapu , Joshi Aditya , MADABUSHI SHYAM , Dhawan Manish 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:Veno Venous Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-nCoV2.Patients & Methods:Adult patients with age more than 18 years on VV ECMO were evaluated on the duration of the onset of symptoms to hospital admissions (direct or referred), mechanical ventilation (MV), time to initiate ECMO, Murray score, PaCO2, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, associated organ injury, duration of ICU, Hospital stay and mortality.Results:From 01 June 20 to 30 May 2022, 8 patients were placed on Veno-Venous Extra Corporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). The mean age of cannulation was 46 years with 25% (2) being healthcare workers. The mean Murray score, PaCO2, and the PaO2 / FiO2 ratio were 3.375, 72.5 mmHg, and 65.98 respectively. The average time to initiate ECMO was 8.375 days from the time of admission, with an average duration of ECMO of 16.375 days. One (12.5%) survived the intervention and was discharged uneventfully.Conclusions:Early referral and initiation of VV-ECMO in severe SARS-nCoV2 ARDS may improve outcomes.
Retinal circulation time/arm-to-retina time ratio in the fluorescein angiography to evaluate retina-specific hemodynamics
Authors: Mushiga Yasuaki , Nagai Norihiro , Ozawa Yoko 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To evaluate dynamic circulatory flow in the retinal or choroidal circulatory disease, we retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 128 eyes of 128 patients who underwent video recorded fluorescein angiography (FA), at Department of Ophthalmology, St Luke’s International Hospital, between April and September 2020. Mean age was 64.2 ± 14.0 (range, 37–93) years, and 87 (67.9%) patients were men. Mean arm-to-retina (AR) time was 16.2 ± 4.1 s, and mean retinal circulation (RC) time was 10.9 ± 3.3 s. Mean RC time/AR time (RC/AR) ratio was 0.69 ± 0.22. AR time was correlated with age, whereas RC time was not. RC time was positively correlated with AR time (R = 0.360, P = 0.017). Moreover, mean RC time was significantly longer, and RC/AR ratio was greater, in the retinal-disease group after adjusting for age and sex. Patients who had an RC/AR ratio ≥ 0.8 more frequently presented with retinal diseases. Given that AR time reflects systemic hemodynamics, RC time, which reflects local circulatory fluency, was influenced by the systemic circulatory condition. Moreover, RC/AR ratio revealed that circulatory changes peculiar to the retina may also be involved in retinal-disease pathogenesis. This study may help elucidate the mechanisms of retinal diseases and assist in diagnosis, although further studies are required.
Association between dating app use and unhealthy weight control behaviors and muscle enhancing behaviors in sexual minority men: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Darboe Mabintou , Goyal Anirudh , Birk Nick , Tran Alvin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The present study assessed the association between dating app use and unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs) and muscle enhancing behaviors among a sample of adult sexual minority men (SMM) in the United States. Method: 549 SMM participated in an anonymous survey from Qualtrics Survey Panels. UWCBs and muscle enhancing behaviors were assessed through items adapted from national surveys. Body image dissatisfaction was assessed using the Male Body Attitudes Scales. Participants also reported their history of dating app use. We performed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and student’s t-tests. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the relationship between dating app use and UWCBs and muscle enhancing behaviors.Results: Dating app users had significantly higher body image dissatisfaction scores than non-users. Dating app users also demonstrated significantly elevated odds of engaging in four UWCBs and muscle enhancing behaviors: laxatives, diet pills, muscle-building supplements, and protein powders.Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to assess dating app use and its association with UWCBs and muscle enhancing behaviors among SMM. Increased surveillance and detection for such behaviors among SMM, particularly those using dating apps, are needed.
Investigation of Magneto Optic effect in scattered light from microcrystals
Authors: Olyaei Abbas , Tehranchi Mohammad Mehdi , Pourmahdian Saeed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We have investigated magneto-optics in scattered light from microcrystals of ethylene terephthalate oligomers. These crystals, which are mainly cyclic trimers, has different sinusoidal responses in the magneto-optic test for right and left circularly polarized light. These responses originate from the scattering of light from an organic microcrystal. Because of the local conductivity of these oligomers, their crystals act as quantum multi-wells, the most probable mechanism for magneto-optics effect. Here we present a proper setup for magneto -optic investigation and notice the phase difference in adjacent rays of scattered beam as an origin of different results that may confuse the researchers.
Prognostic Markers of Geriatric Patients in the Intensive Care Unit with Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure Secondary to COVID-19
Authors: Reano Katherine , Gaisinskaya Polina , Bhupatiraju Naren , Gebara Christopher , Lavin Arye , Sayeed Raihan , DeDonno Michael , Saxena Anshul , Ahmed Md Ashfaq , Zhang Zhenwei , Itty Kevin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has continued to be a public health emergency, affecting almost 450 million people worldwide, with a disproportionate significant disease burden in the elderly community. Our main purpose of this study was to provide population specific prognostic markers upon description of demographic factors, clinical characteristics, diagnostic variables, treatment characteristics and outcome variables in critically ill geriatric patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 infection. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 165 patients admitted to a single institution’s medical and cardiovascular intensive care unit between the dates of March 01, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Inclusion criteria was patients age greater than or equal to 65 years, documented positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test result and a diagnosis of acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Our primary end point evaluated the rate of mortality in relation to multiple variables during intensive care unit admission. Results: Of 165 patients, 45 patients were excluded. Of the remaining 120 patients, 41 were females and 79 were males. Four independent risk factors are significantly associated with higher odds of mortality for the concerned population: presence of solid tumor (AOR: 0.002, 95% CI: <0.001, 0.31), maximum value of PaCO2 (AOR: 1.094, 95% CI: 1.029, 1.163), Charlson comorbidity index (AOR: 2.962, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.52), and use of diuretics (AOR: 0.015, 95% CI: <0.001, 0.49). Conclusion: Certain factors were found to be poor prognostic markers during intensive care unit admission, which may predict a higher rate of mortality in those patient populations.
Effect of doctor allocation policies on the equitable distribution of doctors in Thailand
Authors: Noree Thinakorn , Pagaiya Nonglak , Nimnual Intira 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background: Equitable geographic distribution of doctors is crucial for the provision of an accessible and efficient health service system. This study aimed to assess the effects of doctor allocation by the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) in relation to equity distribution.Methods: This descriptive study compared secondary data on the number of doctors, gross provincial products (GPP), and populations of 76 Thai provinces for the years 2017 and 2021. The ratio of doctors to 1,000 population was used to measure the spatial distribution of doctors by province. Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficient were used to determine the equity of doctor distribution.Results: The results showed that the Gini coefficient decreased from 0.191 in 2017 to -0.03 in 2021 indicating that the equitable distribution of doctors improved after the MoPH commenced allocating newly graduated doctors according to health utilization in 2017. Compared to 2017, the percentage changes in the number of doctors were higher in provinces with lower doctor densities and in provinces with higher GPPs.Conclusion: The equitable distribution of doctors in Thailand was affected by two main causes: the allocation of newly graduated doctors by the MoPH and the turnover rate of existing doctors.
Utilizing Electronic Medical Records Identifies Similarities and Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease Comorbidities Between Racialized Populations
Authors: Woldemariam Sarah , Tang Alice , Oskotsky Tomiko , Yaffe Kristine , Sirota Marina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disease that is disproportionately prevalent in racially marginalized populations. However, due to underrepresentation in AD research, the full spectrum of AD-associated comorbidities that increase AD risk or suggest potential AD treatment disparities in these populations is not completely understood. Here, we perform low-dimensional embedding, enrichment analysis, and disease network-based analyses of 5,664 patients with AD and demographically matched controls across two electronic medical record (EMR) systems and five medical centers, with equal representation of Asian-, Non-Hispanic Black-, Latine-, and Non-Hispanic White-identified individuals. Our results suggest that while AD-associated comorbidities may be generally similar across racialized populations, some comorbidities may be enriched in subsets of racialized populations. Our approach could be a starting point for hypothesis-driven studies that can further explore the relationship between these comorbidities and AD in racialized populations, potentially identifying interventions that can reduce AD health disparities.
Predicting the Eyebrow from the Orbit Using Three-dimensional CT Imaging: An Application in Forensic Facial Reconstruction and Identification
Authors: Kim Yi-Suk , Lee Won-Joon , Yun Ji-Su , Kim Dong-Ho , Lozanoff Scott , Lee U-Young 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eyebrows are the most important facial feature in facial recognition with its shape rated to be more helpful than color or density for facial reconstruction or approximation. However, little extant research has estimated the position and morphological territory of the eyebrow from the orbit. Three-dimensional craniofacial models, produced from CT scans of 180 Koreans autopsied at the National Forensic Service Seoul Institute, were used to conduct metric analyses of subjects (125 males and 55 females) between 19 and 49 (mean 35.1) years. We employed 18 craniofacial landmarks to examine the morphometry of the eyebrow and orbit with 35 pairs of distances per subject measured between landmark and reference planes. Additionally, we used linear regression analyses to predict eyebrow shape from the orbit for every possible combination of variables. The morphology of the orbit has more influence on the position of the superior margin of the eyebrow. In addition, the middle part of the eyebrow was more predictable. The highest point of the eyebrow in female was located more medially than the male. Based on our findings, the equations for estimating the position of the eyebrow from the shape of the orbit is useful information for face reconstruction or approximation. The rest of this paper is structured as follows. We explain the method employed in the next section, after which we explain our findings and results. We then discuss these findings and conclude with the impact of our findings.
High-risk factors for metabolic bone disease in very low birth weight infants: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Chen Yuyun , Yang Jian , Wang Yi , Liu Wei , Guo Zhenhua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The occurrence of metabolic bone disease in preterm newborns is not uncommon in follow-up, although there is no consistent data on the precise incidence and potential high-risk variables contributing to its occurrence.This study aims to identify the independent risk factors of metabolic bone disease in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Between January 2017 and June 2020, clinical data from 662 newborns with VLBW were retrospectively summarized in 3 pediatric academic centers. Based on the serum alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus levels, infants were split into the MBD and control groups. General health factors, mother birth status, mechanical breathing, enteral nutrition (EN), parenteral nutrition (PN), time on EN, drug use, complications, and biochemical MBD indexes were gathered and compared between the two groups.Results: The prevalence of MBD among the 662 cases was 17.37% in the VLBW infants. The mean birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) in the MBD group, were 1083.92±126.25g and 28.07±2.09wk, respectively. Between the two groups, there were significant variations in GA and BW (P < 0.05). When compared to the control group, the MBD group's incidence of IUGR was considerably greater (P < 0.05). Starting EN, PN duration, and mechanical ventilation were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). In infants with VLBW, GA and BW each functioned as a protective factor against MBD. In VLBW newborns, MBD was attributable to three separate risk factors: PN time, commencing EN time, and IUGR.Conclusions: There are numerous contributing variables to MBD. In infants with VLBW, GA and BW each functioned as a protective factor against MBD.
RETRACTED: Effect of Morphologic Changes in the Posterior Glenoid Rim on Rotator Cuff Impingement in Baseball Players
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Mutsuzaki Hirotaka , Iwamoto Koji , Monma Masahiko , Mizukami Masafumi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Exploring the pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary edema focusing on the role of macrophages and their interaction with the glycocalyx: Using an immunological model of pulmonary edema induced by cognate anti-MHC antibody
Authors: Nishida Rie , Suzuki Dai , Akimoto Yoshihiro , Matsubara Sachie , Hayakawa Junri , Ushiyama Akira , Sasa Kiyohito , Miyamoto Yoichi , Iijima Takehiko , Kamijo Ryutaro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tissue is protected from fluid leakage by an endothelial structural barrier, the glycocalyx (GCX). Once this barrier is disrupted, pulmonary edema rapidly develops. The depletion of the GCX is associated with leukocyte accumulation in the pulmonary vasculature, possibly causing the endothelial cells to become hyperpermeable. Whether neutrophils or macrophages are responsible for the development of pulmonary edema remains controversial. We used a mouse model of pulmonary edema induced by cognate anti-MHC antibody to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary edema by examining the role of responsive neutrophils and macrophages and their interactions with the GCX.Methods: Anti-MHC class I antibody was administered intravenously to male BALB/c mice to induce pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema was evaluated by measuring the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the lungs. Changes in the GCX were evaluated by electron microscopy and measurements of the serum level of soluble syndecan-1, a major GCX component. Heparin sulphate was administered to examine its protective effect on the GCX. Macrophages were depleted using clodronate to examine their role in the development of pulmonary edema. Results: The GCX of the pulmonary vascular endothelium degraded after the administration of an anti-MHC class I antibody, accompanied by an increase in the serum syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate levels. Macrophage depletion inhibited the development of pulmonary edema, and the administration of supplemental heparin, an inhibitor of heparan sulfate-degrading enzymes, suppressed the pulmonary edema. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the GCX is degraded in a mouse model of pulmonary edema induced by anti-MHC class I antibody. Macrophage depletion suppressed the development of the pulmonary edema. These results suggest that macrophages (and/or monocytes) may play a key role in pulmonary edema. Heparin inhibited both the degradation of the GCX in the pulmonary vascular endothelium and pulmonary edema. Our study may suggest an interventional mechanism for inhibiting pulmonary edema.
Fungicidal activity of human antimicrobial peptides and their synergistic interaction with common antifungals against multidrug resistant Candida auris
Authors: Shaban Siham , Patel Mrudula , Ahmad Aijaz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Emergence of Candida auris, a multidrug resistant yeast, demonstrates the urgent need for novel antifungal agents. Human antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are naturally occurring molecules with wide spectrum antimicrobial activity, particularly against a variety of fungi. Therefore, this study examined the antifungal activity of seven different human AMPs against C. auris following the CLSI guidelines. The antifungal activity was further assessed using time kill curve and cell viability assays. For combination interaction, effectiveness of these peptides with three antifungals, fluconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin, was done following standard protocols. To elucidate the antifungal mechanism, the effects of peptides on membrane permeability was investigated using propidium iodide staining method and confocal imaging. Antifungal susceptibility results showed that all the examined peptides possessed fungicidal effect against C. auris at different levels, with human β-Defensin-3 being the most potent antifungal with MIC values ranging from 3.125–12.5 µg/ml. Time kill curves further confirmed the killing effect of all the tested peptides. Viability assay showed a significant decrease in the percentage of viable cells exposed to different inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of each peptide (p < 0.01). Furthermore, peptides showed mostly synergistic interaction when combined with conventional antifungal drugs, with caspofungin showing 100% synergy when combined with different AMPs. As antifungal mechanism, peptides disrupted the membrane permeability at concentrations that correlated with the inhibition of growth. Overall, the findings of this study point towards the application of the tested peptides as a monotherapy or as a combination therapy with antifungal drugs to treat multidrug resistant C. auris infections.
Surface Plasmon Resonance in Metal Nano-spheres Explained with LCR Circuits
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Dubey Shivangi , Palakandy Arun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The manuscript details various simple LCR circuits to explain the experimentally observed Surface Plasmon Resonance behavior of spherical metal nano-particles. The results of the circuit’s performance simulated using standard software like “QUCS” show
similarity with SPR results in literature., thus successfully explaining the size-effect, influence of surrounding dielectric medium and the proximity effect of dense packed metal nano-particles. The study also explains these material dependent observations in terms of circuital parameters. This opening an avenue to detail the exact role of the material parameters in influence of surrounding dielectric medium and the proximity effect.