bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where the Evidence Leads
Authors: Johansen Robert C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This book develops an “empirical realist” theory to enable the United States to respond effectively to rising security threats and to seize new opportunities for global governance more successfully than have past policies. A synthesis of peace research and security studies shows that a global grand strategy for human security, with US national security folded into it, is likely to produce more security for the United States than a grand strategy for national security pursued as an end in itself. More security advantages are likely to result from maximizing the “causes” or correlates of peace than from maximizing US military power. Peace reigns when these correlates are present: All nations’ security fears are addressed; people can meet basic needs; nations enjoy reciprocal rights and duties; nations are treated equitably; nations’ and people’s lives are predictable because the international system is governed by the rule of law; and they participate in the decisions that affect their lives through fair representation in democratic global governing processes. This approach revolutionizes thinking about national security policy by transforming it into human security policy. Evidence suggests that the anarchic, militarized balance-of-power system can be gradually changed with help from enhanced international lawmaking and enforcing capacities. To promote change, concerned policymakers and citizens could withdraw their support from US policies that do not serve the common good and work to implement a global grand strategy for human security that would simultaneously serve US security interests and uphold the value of human dignity for all.
Theory
Authors: Bulutgil H. Zeynep 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The theory presented in this book first focuses on the emergence of secular movements and then turns to how and when they succeed. It argues that the emergence of printing as a capitalist enterprise and the variation in the extent and targets of repression within Europe contributed to the wide dissemination of secular ideas despite censorship. It then outlines a model of how this dissemination influenced the emergence and spread of secular political movements. On success, the theory stands on analytical and historical arguments. Analytically, it proposes that the more time the secular movements have to organize before the appearance of religious political movements, the easier it is for them to overcome their competitive disadvantage. Historically, it suggests that the timing and sequence of events delayed the emergence of religious political rivals for the first wave of secular movements, but that this period of delay was not available to later movements, decreasing their chances of success.
A Divided World
Authors: Winter Tim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter takes up the Silk Road’s emergence as a vehicle for diplomacy and cultural internationalism. Here, then, the discussion returns to Japan, and by focusing on the decades following World War II we see Japanese scholars use premodern histories of cultural transmission and connectivity as a platform for engaging with a UNESCO initiative designed to promote tolerance and mutual understanding. Some years later, the term becomes part of the branding for the first Olympic Games held in Asia, the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. Focusing on such events and diplomatic projects with China and the Soviet Union, the chapter explains how the Silk Road emerges as a vehicle for repairing Japan’s postwar reputation. It also traces the rise of “Silk Road fever” in Japan through to the late 1980s, led by those committed to internationalizing the country’s sense of collective identity.
Aesthetic Life and Why It Matters
Authors: Lopes Dominic , Nanay Bence , Riggle Nick 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Following an introduction that sketches an inclusive conception of the domain of the aesthetic, that sets out the task of the book to explain how aesthetic engagement can contribute to well-being or living meaningfully, and that uses a variant on Nozick’s Experience Machine thought experiment to question whether the task can be performed by identifying the aesthetic value with hedonic value, three proposals are offered. Aesthetic engagement is a site for achievement. It cultivates individuality within a context of community. It satisfies a hunger for exploring benign value differences. A closing dialogue among the three authors makes explicit the implications of their proposals for our understanding of disagreement, subjectivism, ethnocentrism, fads and fashions, and the ideological function of aesthetic life.
Getting into It
Authors: Lopes Dominic McIver 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The network theory of aesthetic value predicts that aesthetic value practices are plural. Values in plural practices differ yet are equally valid, incommensurable, noncompeting, and often to some degree mutually comprehensible. As a result, aesthetic value practices accommodate outsiders’ respect as well as insiders’ engagement. They are therefore well suited to meet a human need to come to terms with differences in value that do not threaten conflict. They invite benign exploration of value diversity; they invite ventures in aesthetic life. Although inegalitarian social forces undercut some of the promise of ventures in aesthetic life, we have tools to resist these forces.
Learning About Money Cooperatives
Authors: Román Belinda , Adam Samiré , Saravia Ana Paula 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Women in Lima, Peru, are involved in informal banking systems, known as rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs). In Peru, these systems are called Tandas or Juntas, and they are the traditional money systems, rooted in cooperative principles, that enable women to overcome obstacles in their local environment. In this chapter, the authors draw on J. K. Gibson-Graham’s ideas of community economies to understand surveys from the field and interviews with Junta participants in Lima, as well as to cite local scholarship to fill in the cultural gaps. The finding reveals that Juntas are a deliberately informal cooperative system based on reciprocal relations and trust between the members. And that members do not require any collateral to belong to a Juntas. Further analysis of the data shows that the personal relationships created and maintained in Juntas to finance women-owned small businesses are extremely important, especially at the start-up stage of a business, and this loyalty is remembered by Juntas members. These Juntas are also increasingly transnational and move with the Peruvian diaspora to other parts of the world, where they have merged with similar practices as immigrant communities meet and intermingle. This backdrop of globalization, coupled with emerging technologies, adds a new dimension to research into the general idea of informal credit and savings associations.
Conclusion
Authors: Hossein Caroline Shenaz , Kinyanjui Mary Njeri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Most people in the Global South have had only non-capitalist experiences of solidarity and reciprocity. The message is that they are among the originators of community economies, exceling in humanizing the economy even when risky to do so. It is around the issue of politics that contextualizing theory is crucial to explaining community economies. Having the lived experience of community economies helps to make credible the claims for why we should acknowledge such other economic systems. This legacy of economic cooperation is preserved by the people of the Global South, who are often wrongly viewed as being on the receiving end of aid and incapable of their own emancipation. These cases show the lived experience and knowledge making cooperators are doing the world over. Global South people are remaking the economy long before any capitalist-versus-communist binaries took hold–using their own indigenous systems. There is a need for scholarship concerned about inequities and remaking economies to draw on empirical work first, and then to ensure the theories are reflective on the community (not imposing Western ideas for Global Majority people). Rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) and other cooperatives show that informality can advance people’s livelihoods, and they are effective forms of business. The antidote to a marketplace that pressures people to conform to individualized capitalist projects is the collective, the ROSCA, and other cooperative systems. The cases on ROSCAs in this book are far from perfect, but they are witness to the worldliness of cooperatives of people in the Global South who are focused, in a conscious and politicized manner, on equity, social purpose, and preservation.
Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Skin Biopsies From 41 SARS-CoV-2 (+) Patients: Experience in a Mexican Concentration Institute: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Quintero-Bustos Gabriel , Aguilar-Leon Diana , Saeb-Lima Marcela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought countless clinical and pathophysiological questions. Although mucocutaneous infections are the most visible, they are among the least studied. This article provides relevant information to characterize morphologically and immunohistochemically the dermatoses from patients with COVID-19, during the first year of the pandemic. Immunohistochemistry reactions against the spike protein were performed in 48 skin biopsies, and the positive cases were classified according to their histomorphology; at the end, 41 biopsies led us to identify 12 morphological patterns that mimic other skin pathologies, among which pityriasiform patterns predominate. For the literature review, we selected cases of SARS-CoV-2 dermatoses that included complete histopathological information and that were published during the same interval of time; after careful evaluation, 205 biopsies were selected and then classified into 8 groups according to previously published proposals. Dermatoses associated with SARS-CoV-2 are as diverse in their clinical expression as in their histopathology, mimicking entities totally unrelated to COVID-19. Furthermore, some of these groups are characteristically associated with an aggressive course of the disease. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to delve into the possibility that these findings are translatable into prognostic and therapeutic factors.
Postcolonoscopy Complications
Authors: Rodriguez-Silva Jetsen A. , Maykel Justin A. 
Published: February 2022

CASE SUMMARY:
A 62-year-old woman presents for her first screening colonoscopy as recommended by her primary care physician after an initial health maintenance examination to establish care. A 1-cm sessile polyp was found in the cecum during the colonoscopy, which was resected using hot snare polypectomy. After appropriate postprocedure recovery, the patient was sent home and presented 12 hours later to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain.
Intravenous to Oral Transition of Amiodarone (IOTA): Effect of Various Durations of Overlap on Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Lam Jade C. , Stevenson Byron , Lee Yong Gu , Maurer Jennifer , Patanwala Asad E. , Radosevich John J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The use of amiodarone for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is widespread; however, there is a paucity of data on the optimal duration of overlap when transitioning from intravenous (IV) to oral amiodarone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varying durations of overlap when amiodarone IV infusion is transitioned to oral administration in cardiothoracic surgery patients. This retrospective, observational, single-center study included cardiothoracic surgery patients who were initiated on IV amiodarone for supraventricular arrhythmia and subsequently transitioned to oral amiodarone. The primary outcome was AF recurrence within 24 hours after IV amiodarone discontinuation. Safety outcomes include occurrence of bradycardia or hypotension while on amiodarone. A total of 184 patients were included for analysis. AF recurrence occurred in 24.5% of patients (n = 45). No significant association was found between various overlap durations and AF recurrence (odds ratio (OR) 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.01, P = 0.9). In addition, no significant association was found between duration of overlap and rates of bradycardia (OR 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.00, P = 0.08) or hypotension (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, P = 0.21), which occurred in 35.9% and 47.3% of patients, respectively. Our study suggests following conversion to normal sinus rhythm; cardiothoracic surgery patients can effectively and safely be transitioned from IV to oral amiodarone without the need for specific overlap duration or transition strategy.
Repeatability of a Scheimpflug tonometer to measure biomechanical parameters before and after myopic refractive surgery
Authors: Lu Nan-Ji , Hafezi Farhad , Rozema Jos J. , Hillen Mark , Hafezi Nikki , Zhang Jia , Koppen Carina 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To assess the repeatability of several corneal biomechanical parameters with a Scheimpflug tonometer (Corvis ST) in myopic eyes and eyes that underwent transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK), small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), or femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) surgery.

Setting:
Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Design:
Prospective randomized controlled study.

Methods:
315 eyes from 315 patients (135 myopes, 58 post-transPRK, 52 post-SMILE, and 70 post–FS-LASIK) were included. 3 consecutive scans were performed to evaluate the repeatability of the 40 parameters examined.

Results:
315 eyes were included. In all eyes, the coefficient of variation (CoV) for intraocular pressure (IOP) and biomechanical-corrected IOP (bIOP) ranged from 7.29% to 9.47% and 6.11% to 7.75%, respectively; the CoV of pachymetry was <0.8%. The intraclass correlation coefficient of Corvis Biomechanical Index-Laser Vision Correction (LVC) was 0.680 for post-transPRK, 0.978 for post-SMILE, and 0.911 for post–FS-LASIK. The CoV of Stress–Strain Index (SSI) was 204.93% for post-transPRK, 91.92% for post-SMILE, and 171.72% for post–FS-LASIK. The CoV of the 6 clinically important dynamic corneal response parameters ranged from 2.0% to 7.8% for myopia, 1.8% to 11.1% for post-transPRK, 2.1% to 8.7% for post-SMILE, and 1.8% to 8.8% for post–FS-LASIK.

Conclusions:
Excellent intrameasurement repeatability of IOP, bIOP, and pachymetry was observed in all groups; SSI measurement in post-LVC corneas displayed more variation. Caution is warranted when assessing SSI in post-LVC corneas for the purpose of diagnosing iatrogenic ectasia or evaluating biomechanical remodeling of postoperative refractive corneas.
Intraoperative adjustment of implantable collamer lens vault by lens rotation aided by intraoperative OCT
Authors: Zaldivar Roberto , Zaldivar Roger , Adamek Pablo , Cerviño Alejandro 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To assess the use of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect high vault during implantation surgery and guide intraoperative vault adjustment by implantable collamer lens (ICL) rotation.

Setting:
Instituto Zaldivar SA. Mendoza, Argentina.

Design:
Prospective single-arm observational study.

Methods:
25 eyes of 25 consecutive patients showing high intraoperative vault who had undergone ICL rotation from horizontal to vertical or oblique position were evaluated. Central ICL vault was measured both intraoperatively using the microscope-integrated iOCT mounted on a standard surgical microscope (HS Hi-R NEO 900A NIR) and postoperatively using the Casia 2 swept-source OCT at 4 hours, 1 day, and 1 month.

Results:
25 eyes of 25 consecutive patients showing high intraoperative vault who had undergone ICL rotation from horizontal to vertical or oblique position were evaluated. The mean vault value obtained intraoperatively was 1147.88 ± 188.36 μm and changed significantly to 739.76 ± 194.97 μm after lens rotation to either vertical (n = 19, 76% of cases) or oblique (n = 6, 24% of cases) positions (mean difference 408.12 ± 213.57 μm, P < .001). The amount of change due to lens rotation was significantly correlated with white-to-white distance (r = −0.480, P = .015) and vault before rotation (r = −0.564, P = .003). The mean vault values were 758.40 ± 187.10 μm, 729.73 ± 227.86 μm, and 661.88 ± 275.17 μm at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 1 month postsurgery, respectively.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative adjustment of ICL vault by lens rotation using intraoperative OCT was an effective procedure to obtain an optimal vault.
Antivertiginous Effect of Caloric Stimulation for Acute Peripheral Vertigo
Authors: Fukushima Munehisa , Makino Saho , Matsumoto Ken , Okamoto Hidehiko , Akahani Shiro , Imai Takao , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To clarify therapeutic effect of caloric stimulation for acute peripheral vertigo.

Patients:
Two patients with acute peripheral vertigo accompanied by spontaneous nystagmus.

Interventions:
Therapeutic.

Main Outcomes and Measures:
Changes in the maximum slow phase velocity of spontaneous nystagmus and subjective vertigo.

Results:
Reduction in the maximum slow phase velocity of spontaneous nystagmus and mitigation of subjective vertigo was observed in both patients.

Conclusion:
Caloric stimulation could be one potential option as a suppressant for acute peripheral vertigo.
The neurologic pain signature responds to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment vs placebo in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: López-Solà Marina , Pujol Jesus , Monfort Jordi , Deus Joan , Blanco-Hinojo Laura , Harrison Ben J. , Wager Tor D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Many drug trials for chronic pain fail because of high placebo response rates in primary endpoints. Neurophysiological measures can help identify pain-linked pathophysiology and treatment mechanisms. They can also help guide early stop/go decisions, particularly if they respond to verum treatment but not placebo. The neurologic pain signature (NPS), an fMRI-based measure that tracks evoked pain in 40 published samples and is insensitive to placebo in healthy adults, provides a potentially useful neurophysiological measure linked to nociceptive pain.

Objectives:
This study aims to validate the NPS in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and test the effects of naproxen on this signature.

Methods:
In 2 studies (50 patients, 64.6 years, 75% females), we (1) test the NPS and other control signatures related to negative emotion in knee OA pain patients; (2) test the effect of placebo treatments; and (3) test the effect of naproxen, a routinely prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in OA.

Results:
The NPS was activated during knee pain in OA (d = 1.51, P < 0.001) and did not respond to placebo (d = 0.12, P = 0.23). A single dose of naproxen reduced NPS responses (vs placebo, NPS d = 0.34, P = 0.03 and pronociceptive NPS component d = 0.38, P = 0.02). Naproxen effects were specific for the NPS and did not appear in other control signatures.

Conclusion:
This study provides preliminary evidence that fMRI-based measures, validated for nociceptive pain, respond to acute OA pain, do not appear sensitive to placebo, and are mild-to-moderately sensitive to naproxen.
An online mental health informed physical activity intervention for emergency service workers and their families: A stepped-wedge trial
Authors: McKeon Grace , Wells Ruth , Steel Zachary , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Teasdale Scott , Vancampfort Davy , Rosenbaum Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveEmergency service workers are at risk of experiencing poor mental health due to repeated exposure to potentially traumatic events. Promoting physical activity and diet may help to mitigate some the consequences of emergency work and so this study aimed to evaluate the impact a lifestyle intervention on levels of psychological distress among emergency service workers and their support partners.MethodsWe delivered a 10-week physical activity intervention via a private Facebook group facilitated by exercise physiologists, a dietitian and peer-facilitators. Weekly education modules and telehealth calls were delivered, and participants were provided with a physical activity tracking device. A stepped-wedge design was applied to compare levels of psychological distress (Kessler-6) during baseline, to intervention by comparing slopes of change. Secondary pre-post outcomes included mental health symptoms, physical activity, quality of life, social support to exercise, sleep quality and suicidal ideation.ResultsN=90 participants (n=47 emergency service workers and n=43 support partners) were recruited in 4 separate cohorts (mean age 42.3(SD=11.5) years, 51% male). Levels of psychological distress did not change significantly during the baseline (control) slope and reduced significantly during the first 6 weeks of intervention (intervention slope 1). The interaction between slopes were significant, b=-0.351, p = 0.003, (i.e., the trajectories of change were significantly different) and improvements plateaued until the 4-week follow-up. Retention was high (92%) and improvements in mental health symptoms, minutes of physical activity, sedentary time and quality of life were observed.ConclusionsA physical activity intervention delivered via social media is effective in improving psychological distress among emergency service workers and support partners.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): 12619000877189.
Supporting first FSH dosage for ovarian stimulation with Machine Learning
Authors: Correa N. , Cerquides J. , Arcos J.L. , Vassena R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch questionIs it possible to identify accurately the optimal first dose of FSH in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) by means of a machine learning (ML) model?DesignObservational study (2011 to 2021) including first In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles with own oocytes. 2713 patients from five private reproductive centers were included in the development phase of the model (2011 to 2019), and 774 in the validation phase (2020 to 2021). Predictor variables included: age, Body Mass Index (BMI), Antimullerian Hormone (AMH), Antral Follicle Count (AFC), and previous live births. Performance of the developed model was measured with a proposed score based on the number of MII retrieved and the dose received and/or recommended.ResultsThe cycles included were from women 37.2±4.9 years old [18-45], with a BMI of 23.7±4.2, AMH of 2.4±2.3, AFC of 11.8±7.7; and an average number of MII obtained 7.2±5.3. The model reached a mean performance score of 0.87 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.88) in the development phase; this value was significantly better than the one for the doses prescribed by the clinicians for the same patients (0.83 [0.82, 0.84]; p-value= 2.44 e-10). The mean performance score of the model recommendations was 0.89 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.90) in the validation phase, also significantly better than clinicians (0.84 [0.82, 0.86]; p-value = 3.81 e-05). With these results the model was shown to surpass the performance of the standard practice.Conclusion(s)The ML model developed could be deployed as a training and learning tool for new clinicians and serve as quality control for experienced ones; further, it could be used as second opinion, for instance by providing information in peer-to-peer case discussions.Key MessageA Machine Learning model was trained to recommend first FSH doses for ovarian stimulation. When compared to clinicians the model developed had consistently better performance scores. The model could be used as a second opinion and as learning tool for new clinicians; to avoid as many non-optimal outcomes as possible.