bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in brain activation patterns in women with functional defecatory disorder: A novel fMRI rectal balloon expulsion study
Authors: Neshatian Leila , Karmonik Christof , Khavari Rose , Shi Zhaoyue , Elias Saba , Boone Timothy , Quigley Eamonn M. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunctional defecatory disorders (FDD) are common among women. Despite the extensive research on peripheral mechanisms involved in FDD, the central–neural contribution to its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We aimed to delineate specific supra‐spinal regions involved in defecation and examine whether their activity, as measured by blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signals, is different in FDD.MethodsWe performed functional MRI (fMRI) with concurrent rectal manometry in 15 controls and 18 females with ROME III diagnosis of FDD. A block design was used and brain activation maps based on BOLD effect employing the generalized linear model were calculated for each subject. Statistical significance between groups was assessed by a Student t‐test with cluster‐based multiple comparisons correction (corrected p < 0.01).Key ResultsSimulated defecation was associated with activation of regions of primary and supplementary motor (SMA) and somatosensory cortices, homeostatic afferent (thalamus, mid‐cingulate cortex, and insula), and emotional arousal networks (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), occipital and cerebellum along with deactivation of right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in controls. Women with FDD had fewer regions engaged in defecation and BOLD activation was much decreased is areas related to executive‐cognitive function (insula, parietal, and prefrontal cortices). Patients unlike controls showed activation in right ACC and otherwise had similar brain activation patterns during anal squeeze.Conclusions & InferencesOur results provide evidence that distinct differences exist in supra‐spinal control of defecation in key regions of motivational‐affective regulation and executive‐cognitive function, in patients with FDD as compared to controls.
Risk factors of young males with physically demanding occupations having accumulated damage of anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Yu Wang , Xianmin Liu , Liangbi Xiang , Chunbao Li 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo present the clinical characteristics of accumulated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) damage among young male patients undergoing routine exercise, and to evaluate the related risk factors.MethodsA retrospective study involving ACL‐accumulated damage from June 2015 to December 2019 was conducted. Baseline characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), training parameters, and clinical signs, were recorded. The results of the radiologic examinations and related standardized tests were obtained to evaluate the research outcomes. These results were compared using Student's t‐test or Chi‐square test, and the impact of risk factors on the patient's injury were analyzed.ResultsA total of 86 men with accumulated ACL damage were included in this study. Exercise pain (86 [100%]), synovitis (80 [93.0%]), and intra‐articular effusion (79 [91.9%]) were the most common clinical symptoms. Loosening of ligaments, decreased tension, mild hyperplasia, and intercondylar fossa effusion were observed using radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopy. Age, BMI, training intensity, length of training, and knee hyperextension were identified as risk factors for accumulated ACL damage.ConclusionThis study suggests that accumulated ACL damage has differentiated clinical symptoms, imaging features, and risk factors compared to common ACL injuries.
Phenology‐regulated defence mechanisms as drivers for Fusarium basal rot in onion (Allium cepa)
Authors: Le Dung , Ameye Maarten , Landschoot Sofie , Audenaert Kris , Haesaert Geert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR), caused by Fusarium spp., is a serious impediment for onion production. In the present study, the interaction of onion (Allium cepa) var. Takstar F1 with Allium‐derived isolates of the toxigenic species F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum was investigated at seedling and bulb stage. Using a set of isolates with distinct virulence profiles, we provide evidence that the outcome of FBR is driven by the phenology of onion. Reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR analysis revealed distinct expression of reliable marker genes for phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL1, PAL2), lipoxygenase (LOX2), chalcone synthase (CHS), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and pectin methylesterases (PME) during the infection of seedlings and bulbs. These defence‐related genes in seedlings were differentially expressed depending on the aggressiveness of Fusarium isolates. Despite these differential kinetics, the activated plant defence did not seem to be effective in protecting the seedlings from Fusarium infection and proliferation. Meanwhile, gene expression in the bulb organs correlated positively with FBR severity, indicating an ineffective defence response. Among the major metabolites of these Fusarium species, beauvericin was not toxic to either the seedlings or the bulbs, while fumonisin B1 appeared to be a virulence factor specific for the seedling stage. This points to differential roles of fumonisin B1 during an infection of F. proliferatum depending on the infected organ and the phenological stage of the onion host. We hypothesize that this variation, along with the differences within and between Fusarium species in terms of virulence and metabolism, contributes to the determination of disease outcome.
Conditional stimulus choices affect fear learning: Comparing fear conditioning with neutral faces and shapes or angry faces
Authors: Ney Luke J. , Luck Camilla C. , Waters Allison M. , Lipp Ottmar V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPast fear conditioning studies have used different types of conditional stimuli (CSs). Whether this choice affects learning outcomes in particular when neutral stimuli (e.g., neutral faces vs. shapes) are used is unclear. Data were aggregated across nine studies using an electric shock unconditional stimulus to test for differences in acquisition and extinction of electrodermal responses and self‐reported CS pleasantness when CSs were neutral faces or shapes (Experiment 1, N = 594) and when CSs were angry or neutral faces (Experiment 2, N = 157). Reliable electrodermal conditioning was observed in all stimulus conditions. We found stronger differential conditioning in electrodermal second interval responses and CS pleasantness and more pronounced extinction in CS pleasantness for neutral shape than neutral face CSs, but no differences in electrodermal first interval responses, the most frequently reported index of fear conditioning. For angry and neutral face CSs, there were no differences during acquisition, but the extinction of first and second interval electrodermal conditioning to angry faces was retarded relative to neutral faces. Acquisition of differential CS pleasantness, which was reliably observed for neutral face CSs, was absent for angry face CSs. The current results suggest that fear conditioning with a neutral face and shape CSs yields broadly similar results with differences limited to second interval electrodermal responses and CS pleasantness ratings. Using angry face CSs resulted in impaired extinction of electrodermal indices and no differential CS pleasantness ratings and should only be considered in studies designed to address questions about these specific CS materials.
Reassessing the systematics of Leptodeira (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) with emphasis in the South American species
Authors: Costa João C. L. , Graboski Roberta , Grazziotin Felipe G. , Zaher Hussam , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Prudente Ana Lúcia da C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWithin the diverse subfamily Dipsadinae, Imantodini represents one of the few groups distributed in North, Central and South America. The tribe comprises the genera Leptodeira and Imantodes, from which Leptodeira is the most diverse, including 15 species and 11 subspecies, distributed from southern USA to central Argentina. Taxonomy and affinities among these taxa are poorly resolved, and the phylogenetic relationships among the South American diversity were never properly assessed before. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomic status of Leptodeira spp. based on a comprehensive multilocus dataset with emphasis in the South American radiation. Besides assessing the phylogenetic relationship and species cohesion, we also evaluate the morphological variation among the South American diversity of Leptodeira. Our results support the monophyly of Imatodini and Leptodeira, while indicating that several individuals classified as Leptodeira annulata and L. septentrionalis do not cluster together within their respective species. Moreover, specimens identified as belonging to the subspecies L. a. annulata, L. a. cussiliris, L. s. ornata and L. s. polysticta do not group together suggesting the current classification includes non‐natural groups. The analysis of morphological evidence also supports the phylogenetics results, indicating that several clades can be recognized as evolutionary units presenting distinct phenotypes. To equate the taxonomy to our results, we propose a new taxonomic arrangement for Leptodeira in which we are: (1) redefining the composition of L. annulata and L. septentrionalis; (2) elevating five subspecies to species level; (3) revalidating one species; (4) recognizing four species complexes; and (5) indicating the presence of hidden diversity (probably four undescribed species). Finally, we describe a new species (Leptodeira tarairiu sp. nov.) from the open formations of South America (Cerrado and Caatinga), and we provide detailed redescriptions for all South American species of Leptodeira.
Moving from consultation to co-creation with knowledge users in scoping reviews: guidance from the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Alexander Lyndsay , Munn Zachary , Peters Micah D.J. , Khalil Hanan , Godfrey Christina M. , McInerney Patricia , Synnot Anneliese , Tricco Andrea C. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Knowledge user consultation is often limited or omitted in the conduct of scoping reviews. Not including knowledge users within the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews could be due to a lack of guidance or understanding about what consultation requires and the subsequent benefits. Knowledge user engagement in evidence synthesis, including consultation approaches, has many associated benefits, including improved relevance of the research and better dissemination and implementation of research findings. Scoping reviews, however, have not been specifically focused on in terms of research into knowledge user consultation and evidence syntheses. In this paper, we will present JBI's guidance for knowledge user engagement in scoping reviews based on the expert opinion of the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group. We offer specific guidance on how this can occur and provide information regarding how to report and evaluate knowledge user engagement within scoping reviews. We believe that scoping review authors should embed knowledge user engagement into all scoping reviews and strive towards a co-creation model.
Recovery During a Congested Schedule and Injury in Professional Football
Authors: Delaval Benoit , Abaïdia Abd-Elbasset , Delecroix Barthélémy , Le Gall Franck , McCall Alan , Ahmaidi Said , Dupont Gregory 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To analyze the relationships between the recovery kinetics experienced by professional football players and noncontact injury. Methods: A cohort of 46 professional football players (age 24.2 [4.7] y) from the same team (French Ligue 1) was monitored each day between matches when the team played twice a week. The recovery monitoring procedure was implemented after 38 matches and included some questionnaires: duration of sleep, Hooper scale (quality of sleep, level of stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness), perceived recovery status scale, creatine kinase concentrations, a countermovement jump, and an isometric force test. Noncontact injuries were collected during these periods. Results: Noncontact injuries were associated with perceived fatigue and muscle soreness 2 days (relative risk [RR] = 1.89 and 1.48, respectively) and 3 days following the matches (RR = 2.08 and 2.08, respectively). An increase of sleep quantity during the 2 nights following a match was significantly associated with a lower RR (RR = 0.65), as well as a lower decrement score on the isometric force test on each of the 3 days after the matches (RR = 0.97, RR = 0.99, and RR = 0.97, respectively). No other association was reported for the variables sleep quality, stress, perceived recovery, creatine kinase concentrations, countermovement jump, and noncontact injuries. Conclusion: During a congested schedule, implementing a recovery monitoring protocol including questionnaires about fatigue, muscle soreness, quantity of sleep, and a physical test of isometric force could help practitioners prevent injuries.
Composition of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Chum Salmon O. keta (Salmonidae) during the Marine Life Period
Authors: Gordeev I. I. , Balabanova L. V. , Suvorova T. A. , Mikryakov D. V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In pink salmon Onchorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta lymphocytes predominate among leukocytes in the peripheral blood during the marine period of life. In both species eosinophils are absent, while in pink salmon basophils are also absent. The proportion of segmented neutrophils and the size of lymphocytes, monocytes, and stab neutrophils are lower in chum salmon than in pink salmon.
Physiological responses to cuddling babies with hypoxic–ischaemic
encephalopathy during therapeutic hypothermia: an observational
study
Authors: Odd David , Okano Satomi , Ingram Jenny , Blair Peter S , Billietop Amiel , Fleming Peter J , Thoresen Marianne , Chakkarapani Ela 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
To determine whether parents cuddling infants during therapeutic
hypothermia (TH) would affect cooling therapy, cardiorespiratory or
neurophysiological measures. The secondary aim was to explore
parent–infant bonding, maternal postnatal depression and
breastfeeding.

Design
Prospective observational study.

Setting
Two tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICU).

Participants
Parents and their term-born infants (n=27) receiving TH and
intensive care for neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy.

Interventions
Cuddling up to 2 hours during TH using a standard operating
procedure developed in the study (CoolCuddle).

Main outcome measures
Mean difference in temperature, cardiorespiratory and
neurophysiological variables before, during and after the cuddle.
Secondary outcomes were parental bonding, maternal postnatal depression
and breastfeeding.

Results
During 70 CoolCuddles (115 cumulative hours), there were measurable
increases in rectal temperature (0.07°C (0.03 to 0.10)) and upper margin
of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (1.80 µV (0.83 to 2.72))
and decreases in oxygen saturations (−0.57% (−1.08 to −0.05)) compared
with the precuddle period. After the cuddle, there was an increase in
end-tidal CO2 (0.25 kPa (95% CI 0.14 to 0.35)) and
mean blood pressure (4.09 mm Hg (95% CI 0.96 to 7.21)) compared with the
precuddle period. From discharge to 8 weeks postpartum, maternal
postnatal depression declined (13 (56.5%) vs 5 (23.8%), p=0.007);
breastfeeding rate differed (71% vs 50%, p=0.043), but was higher than
national average at discharge (70% vs 54.6%) and mother–infant bonding
(median (IQR): 3 (0–6) vs 3 (1–4)) remained stable.

Conclusion
In this small study, CoolCuddle was associated with clinically
non-significant, but measurable, changes in temperature,
cardiorespiration and neurophysiology. No infant met the criteria to
stop the cuddles or had any predefined adverse events. CoolCuddle may
improve breastfeeding and requires investigation in different NICU
settings.
Novel predictive role for mid-regional proadrenomedullin in moderate to severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Tan Eugene S J , Oon Yen Yee , Chan Siew Pang , Liew Oi Wah , Chong Jenny P C , Tay Edgar , Soo Wern Miin , Yip James W L , Gong Lingli , Lunaria Josephine B , Yong Quek Wei , Lee Evelyn Min , Yeo Daniel P S , Ding Zee Pin , Tang Hak Chiaw , Ewe See Hooi , Chin Calvin C W , Chai Siang Chew , Goh Ping Ping , Ling Lee Fong , Ong Hean Yee , Richards A Mark , Ling Lieng Hsi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveWe investigated the prognostic significance of selected known and novel circulating biomarkers in aortic stenosis (AS).MethodsN-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2), mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) were measured in patients with moderate to severe AS, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I-II and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, recruited consecutively across five centres from 2011 to 2018. Their ability to predict both primary (all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalisation or progression to NYHA class III-IV) and secondary (additionally incorporating syncope and acute coronary syndrome) outcomes was determined by competing risk analyses.ResultsAmong 173 patients with AS (age 69±11 years, 55% male, peak transaortic velocity (Vmax) 4.0±0.8 m/s), the primary and secondary outcomes occurred in 59 (34%) and 66 (38%), respectively. With aortic valve replacement as a competing risk, the primary outcome was determined consistently by the comorbidity index and each selected biomarker except ST2 (p<0.05), independent of NYHA class, Vmax, LV-global longitudinal strain and serum creatinine. MR-proADM had the highest discriminative value for both primary (subdistribution HR (SHR) 11.3, 95% CI 3.9 to 32.7) and secondary outcomes (SHR 12.6, 95% CI 4.7 to 33.5). Prognostic assessment of dual-biomarker combinations identified MR-proADM plus either hsTnT or NT-proBNP as the best predictive model for both clinical outcomes. Paired biomarker models were not superior to those including MR-proADM as the sole circulating biomarker.ConclusionMR-proADM most powerfully portended worse prognosis and should be further assessed as possibly the biomarker of choice for risk stratification in AS.
Comparison of the Properties of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel for Orthopedic Applications: A Review
Authors: Nabeel M. , Farooq A. , Miraj S. , Yahya U. , Hamad K. , Deen K. M. 
Published: April 2022

Owing to the low cost, ease of fabricability, good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the 316L stainless steel (SS), this material is considered a suitable choice for orthopedic applications. Based on its properties and large utilization in orthopedics, this review focuses on the importance of additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel. Owing to the large flexibility of the additive manufacturing process, the microstructure of the 316L SS can be easily tuned to modify the mechanical, corrosion and biological properties. To elucidate the benefits of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel, the properties of the selective laser melted (SLM) 316L stainless steel and wrought 316L stainless steel are compared. Particularly, the unique features of the SLM 316L stainless steel have been discussed in detail. The existing challenges associated with the additive manufacturing processes and implications of their widespread application are also highlighted. A brief overview of the biological properties and reactions sequence of the host immune system, i.e. tissue response, the activation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes and immunological reactions, is also provided to understand the reasons for implant failure or rejection by the body.
Postoperative Effect Observation and Clinical Study of Dahuang Zhechong Pills from Jingui Yaolue in Treating Patients with Early-to-Mid Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Resection
Authors: Hou Shizhao , Bin Chengguo 
Published: April 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of applying Dahuang Zhechong pills (DHZCP) from Jingui Yaolue to patients with early-to-mid prostate cancer undergoing radical resection and carry out a theoretical clinical study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to verify the effect of DHZCP formula under the guidance of TCM theory. Methods. The clinical data of 98 patients with early-to-mid prostate cancer undergoing radical resection treated in our hospital (July 2014 to July 2016) were selected for the retrospective analysis, and the patients were divided into group A (n = 49, routine hormonal therapy) and group B (n = 49, routine hormonal therapy plus DHZCP) according to the double blind method, so as to compare the trauma symptoms, cancer recurrence rate, etc., after treatment between the two groups. Results. Compared with group A, group B obtained significantly higher total effective rate of complication treatment at different time points (

P

< 0.05), significantly lower mean HAMA score after treatment (

P

< 0.05), and significantly lower total recurrence rate (

P

< 0.05). The “congestion” theory in Chapter VI On Pulse, Symptom Complex and Treatment of Arthralgia Due to Stagnation of Blood and Consumptive Diseases of Jingui Yaolue was the theoretical basis for postoperative effect observation of DHZCP in treating prostate cancer. Combining with the onset theory of congestion, personally, the author believed that cancer is caused by congestion disease formed by the extravasated blood in the human body, and with the passing of time, the intermingled deficiency, blood stasis, and toxicity lead to the qualitative change of endogenous cancer toxicity and develop into consumptive congestion disease, making it the core pathogenesis of cancer. And DHZCP had good preventive and treatment effect. Conclusion. DHZCP is an effective drug for improving postoperative complications of early-to-mid prostate cancer, reducing the biological recurrence rate and clinical recurrence rate, and improving mental status. The formula treats both deficiency and excess, combines tonification with purgation, and dispels exogenous pathogen without damaging body resistance, which is a profound formula based on TCM theory to treat “congestion,” “congestion disease,” and “consumptive congestion disease.” Using this theory to guide clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment and modifying the dosage and usage can play an important role in TCM preventive treatment of cancers, early, middle, and late treatment, and clinical prevention of other chronic diseases.
Biomarker Development: Bedside to Bench
Authors: Mishkin Grace E. , Kohn Elise C. 
Published: April 2022

Summary
This commentary complements the report from Nixon and colleagues by addressing the critical definitions, assay and analytical quality control and interpretation, and resources available to advance similar fit-for-purpose biomarker development.
See related articles by Nixon et al., p. 2771 and 2779
On the Clubiona reclusa species-group in China, with the description of Clubiona qianlei sp. nov. (Araneae, Clubionidae)
Authors: ZHANG JIANSHUANG , CHEN LULU , DING YANMEI , ZHANG FENG , YU HAO 
Published: April 2022

The representation of the Clubiona reclusa species-group in China is here established in two species: Clubiona qianlei sp. nov. from Central China and C. interjecta L. Koch, 1879, which is mainly distributed in northern China. Detailed description, diagnosis, photographs of the new species are given. DNA barcodes (a partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, COI) of the new species were obtained to confirm matching of the sexes and for future use in molecular studies. Supplementary micrographs of C. interjecta are provided for the first time, alongside an emended diagnosis, to demonstrate the validity of C. qianlei sp. nov.. A distribution map of the reclusa group species in China is given.