bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of eight debridement techniques on three different titanium surfaces: A laboratory study
Authors: Tran Carol , Khan Ambereen , Meredith Neil , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesDebridement methods may damage implant surfaces. This in vitro study investigated eight debridement protocols across three implant surfaces to assess both biofilm removal and surface alterations.Material and MethodsOne hundred sixty commercially pure titanium discs were treated to simulate commercially available titanium implant surfaces—smooth, abraded and abraded and etched. Following inoculation with whole human saliva to create a mixed species biofilm, the surfaces were treated with eight debridement methods currently used for clinical peri‐implantitis (n = 10). This included air abrasion using powders of glycine, sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate; conventional mechanical methods—piezoelectric scaler, carbon and stainless steel scalers; and a chemical protocol using 40% citric acid. Following treatment, remaining biofilm was analysed using scanning electron microscopy and crystal violet assays. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was applied (p < 0.05).ResultsAll debridement techniques resulted in greater than 80% reduction in biofilm compared with baseline, irrespective of the surface type. Glycine powder delivered through an air polishing system eliminated the most biofilm. Mechanical instruments were the least effective at eliminating biofilm across all surfaces and caused the greatest surface alterations. Citric acid was comparable with mechanical debridement instruments in terms of biofilm removal efficacy. Titanium surfaces were least affected by air abrasion protocols and most affected by mechanical methods.ConclusionsMechanical protocols for non‐surgical debridement should be approached with caution. Glycine powder in an air polisher and 40% citric acid application both gave minimal alterations across all implant surfaces, with glycine the superior method in terms of biofilm removal.
Effects of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) to co‐sintering mechanism of ceramic aggregate
Authors: Ye Dongdong , Xu Zifang , Fu Yuhao , Zhao Yifan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe influences of co‐sintering temperature on the physical properties of EMR (electrolytic manganese residue) ceramic aggregate were investigated over the gradient of co‐sintering by EMR, CFA (coal fly ash), and P (perlite) that were used as raw materials. Seven EMR samples were prepared to sinter at different temperatures that were decided by the data of a thermal mass spectrometer, and four ceramic aggregate embryos were sintered at 1120, 1140, 1160, and 1180°C. The mechanisms of co‐sintering temperature action on performance were determined by means of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The optimal temperature of 1160°C and the temperature increment lead to an enhancement of cylinder compressive strength and a damping of 1‐h water absorption, softening coefficient, and grain shape coefficient was discovered. Gypsum of EMR dissolved and exhausted gas during co‐sintering resulted in CaO. The crystalline transformation of wollastonite and gehlenite produced anorthite, which boosts the strength of aggregate and the content of anorthite, was proportional to the co‐sintering temperature and the pressure strength of cylinder. The liquid phase of “overfiring”‐coated crystal contributed to the further improvement of strength, but the aggregate sphere deformation generated a reduction of comprehensive performance. The formation of bustamite calcian in co‐sintered ceramic aggregate realized the solidification of Mn, and the solidification rate of leaching toxicity test was 99.92%, and the absence of radioactivity was demonstrated.
High‐temperature near‐IR spectral properties and thermal radiation conductivity of (un)colored silicate glass melts
Authors: Faber Anne Jans , Rongen Mathi , De Sousa Meneses Domingos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing an emittance technique with a fast CO2 laser heating of glass samples, the high‐temperature absorption spectra in the near‐infrared region of ultrapure and colored (Co‐, Cu‐, Mn‐, and Ni‐doped) glasses are measured. The effects of higher glass temperatures on these absorption spectra are explained in the framework of the ligand field theory. Thus, the temperature‐dependent absorption bands of the previous transition metal ions are assigned to electronic transitions among the ligand field energy levels of these ions. In particular, spectral shifts, spectral broadening, and changes in absorption strength are ascribed to changes in the structural symmetry of the ionic sites in the glass matrix and to changes of the ligand field strength at increasing temperatures.Besides, the temperature‐dependent Rosseland mean absorptions of the sulfate fined soda lime silicate glass melts, colored with the previous transition metal ions, are derived from the absorption spectra. Combining all the data, semiempirical correlations are derived, which predict the Rosseland thermal radiation properties as a function of glass temperature and of glass redox chemistry. The latter property involves the temperature‐dependent concentration of the specific valency of the coloring ions, determined independently, e.g. by a Gibbs minimization redox calculation tool.
Clinical validation of a smartphone application for automated wound measurement in patients with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Fong Khi Yung , Lai Tina Peiting , Chan Kai Siang , See Isabel Jia Le , Goh Cheng Cheng , Muthuveerappa Sivakami , Tan Audrey Huimin , Liang Shanying , Lo Zhiwen Joseph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic wounds are associated with significant clinical, economic and quality‐of‐life burden. Despite the variety of wound imaging systems available in the market for wound assessment and surveillance, few are clinically validated among patients of Asian ethnicity. We aimed to clinically validate the accuracy of a smartphone wound application (Tissue Analytics [TA], Net Health Systems Inc, Florida, USA), versus conventional wound measurements (visual approximation and paper rulers), in patients of Asian ethnicity with venous leg ulcers (VLU). A prospective cohort study of patients presenting with VLU to a specialist wound nurse clinic over a 5‐week duration was conducted. Each patient received seven wound measurements: one by a trained wound nurse clinician, and three separate wound measurements using TA on each of the iOS and Android operating systems. Inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability between clinical and TA‐based measurements were analysed using intra‐class correlation statistics, with values of <0.5, 0.5 to 0.75, 0.75 to 0.9, and >0.9 indicating poor, moderate, good and excellent reliability, respectively. 82 patients (51% males), with a mean age at 65.8 years, completed the 5‐week study duration. 25 (30%) had underlying diabetes mellitus. Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicity comprised 68%, 12% and 11%, respectively. The VLU healed in 26 (32%) of patients within the study period. In total, 358 wound episodes with 2334 wound images were analysed. Inter‐rater reliability for length, width and area between wound nurse measurements and TA application measurements was good (range 0.799‐0.919,P < 0.001). Separate measurements of intra‐rater reliability for length, width and area within the iOS or Android systems were excellent (range 0.967‐0.985 and range 0.977‐0.984 respectively,P < 0.001). Inter‐rater reliability between TA used on the iOS and Android systems was also excellent (0.987‐0.989,P < 0.001). Tissue Analytics, a smartphone wound application, is a useful adjunct for wound assessment and surveillance in VLU patients of Asian ethnicity.
Nurses as bridge builders: Advancing nursing through the diffusion of knowledge
Authors: Johnson Joyce E. , Stellwag Lorelei G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsIn 2001, the Institute of Medicine concluded that the American healthcare system failed in translating new knowledge into practice and applying for new technological advances. The Institute of Medicine suggested that knowledge dissemination in healthcare systems may never reach clinicians or patients because the available tools and incentives do not promote rapid dissemination efforts that improve clinical outcomes. This article describes a practical strategy that can bring the benefits of medical science and technology to all healthcare systems in the US and abroad. This involves building the capacity of thousands of new nurse doctors to use social network analysis and work as bridge builders in healthcare systems.BackgroundNurses have been working in research on evidence‐based practice since the time of Florence Nightingale. Since then, there have been many challenges that have limited progress in disseminating nursing knowledge from research to practice. One limitation has been the underutilization of social network analysis, an inter‐disciplinary approach used to leverage social structures and the linkages between “actors.”DesignThe article includes a literature review of social network analysis in healthcare and dissertation formats used in nursing programs.MethodsLiterature review and analysis.ResultsAlthough the use of social network analysis in healthcare dates back to 1957, research has found that reference to social network analysis was rare in the nursing literature and that there was poor knowledge diffusion about social network analysis in the nursing profession. This represents an untapped potential to improve the dissemination of new knowledge in nursing.ConclusionsThe use of social network analysis can help nurses advance care delivery, create more efficient healthcare facilities, and improve clinical outcomes. Nurse bridges represent ideal users of social network analysis because nurses enjoy a high level of interaction with patients, families, hospital personnel, and providers. To successfully build nursing's capacity as bridge builders, the nursing profession will need to change the traditional dissertation format to a publication format, build a new curriculum for nurses who will work as bridges in healthcare, and create a national academic‐practice campaign focused on the diffusion of new knowledge in nursing.
On the identity of the banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata with notes on the taxonomic status of Trichopodus bejeus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Osphronemidae)
Authors: Knight J. D. Marcus , Nallathambi Moulitharan , Vijayakrishnan Balaji , Jayasimhan Praveenraj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on its original description and putative topotypes, the identity of the banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata is resolved. Trichogaster lalia is a synonym of T. fasciata, and the name Trichogaster bejeus is applied to the species hitherto identified as T. fasciata. T. fasciata is distinguished from its congeners in the shape of caudal fin, colouration, lip morphology and meristic and mensural characters.
Innervation and structure of the adipose fin of a lanternfish
Authors: Buckland‐Nicks John , Reimchen Thomas E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdipose fins of teleost fishes have been shown to function as mechanosensory organs that respond to minute bending forces created by turbulence in fast‐flowing streams. Nonetheless, adipose fins also exist in some fishes that occupy still waters, including lanternfish (Myctophidae) in the deep sea. The authors examined adipose fin structure in northern lampfish, Stenobrachius leucopsarus, from coastal British Columbia. After fixation, embedding and sectioning of the adipose and supporting tissue, it was evident that lanternfish adipose fins are stiffened by compound actinotrichia, acting like fin rays, that would create a higher aspect ratio. The actinotrichia converge at the base of the fin in a hinge point complex that anteriorly interacts with a cartilaginous endoskeletal rod, controlled by skeletal muscles. Afferent nerves enter the fin at this point and form fine branches as they track deeper alongside actinotrichia. The authors propose that the vertical nightly migration to surface waters, as well as predator evasion within large schools, results in microturbulence. In these circumstances, the adipose fin acts as a mechanosensor providing feedback to the caudal fin, as it occurs in salmonids and catfish.
Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction and purification of xylo‐oligosaccharides from wheat bran
Authors: Wang Lidong , Li Zhenjiang , Liu Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study was to produce functional xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) from wheat bran via ultrasonic‐assisted extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and purification. Optimal extraction conditions were ultrasonic frequency of 72 kHz, sonication time of 20 min, solid/liquid ratio of 1:21(w/v), 100°C, and extraction time of 2.25 h. Under these conditions, XOS extraction rate of 60.27% was obtained. Optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were 10% for substrate concentration, 800 U/g for enzyme concentration, 55°C, and 4 h for hydrolysis time. Under these conditions, a hydrolysate with 25.52% of XOS content, DP = 2.68. In addition, the hydrolysate solution was decolorized using anion‐exchange resin D392 and the highest decolorization rate (89.26%) was obtained at elution volume of 1 ml/min and 50°C. Decolorized XOS hydrolysate was purified using cation‐exchange resin under optimized conditions of 1.5 ml/min elution volume, 11 ml injection volume, and 35% concentration at 75°C. The concentration of XOS increased from 64.41% to 75.63% after purification.
Phytochemical screening and in vitro radical scavenging activities of “Gola” guava fruit and leaf extracts
Authors: Shahid Arashi , Inam‐Ur‐Raheem Muhammad , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Israr Beenish 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the chemical and antioxidant characteristics of 50% and 70% hydroethanolic Gola guava fruit (GF) and guava leaf (GL) extracts by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), and ABTS+ (2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) in vitro assay. Fours hydroethanolic Gola GF and GL extracts (GF50%, GF70%, GL50%, and GL70%): 50% hydroethanolic leaves extract showed the highest TPC (299.06 ± 2.69 mg GAE/g dry extract) and TFC (31.05 ± 1.67 mg CE/g). GL50% (299.06 ± 2.69 mg GAE/g dry extract) showed high TPC than GL70%. While GL50% and GL70%’s antioxidant potential was higher than GF extracts. TPC showed a highly positive correlation with DPPH, H2O2, and a moderately positive correlation with ABTS·+. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of flavonoid compounds including quercetin and kaempferol as well as phenolic acids like gallic, syringic, m‐coumaric, p‐coumaric, vanillic, ferulic, benzoic, caffeic, chlorogenic, cinnamic, sinapic, and ascorbic acids. A high number of phenolic compounds was identified in GL50% followed by GF50% through HPLC. The extraction of bioactive compounds was more efficient with 50% hydroethanolic solvent. The FTIR spectrograms showed changes in the chemical groups and determined the extracts' functional groups. In conclusion, findings support the use of phenolic compounds extracted from GF and GL, not only for their antioxidant activity, but also provide an important basis for potential use of phenolic compounds as crosslinking agents of sulfated and non‐sulfated glycosaminoglycan.Novelty impact statementThis study manifests the best extraction solvent for optimized recovery of all antioxidant compounds of Gola GF and GL at maximum potential and provides an insight into the chemical profile of extracts. The chemical characterization by HPLC and FTIR pave the way for the possible natural antioxidant's formulation and development of functional food with a specific investigation to elucidate the action of mechanism at the cellular and organism level to evaluate the pharmacological potential of extracts.
Pastoral community's vulnerability under extreme floodings accelerated by rangeland degradation among Turkmen transhumant, Northern Iran
Authors: Azimi Mojgansadat , Sharifian Abolfazl , Riazinia Vahideh , Arzani Hossein , Abbaspour Karim C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlood disaster is considered a significant natural hazard due to their devastating effects. The 2019 flood in Northern Iran drastically affected the lives of Indigenous Turkmen pastoralists. This work assesses the vulnerability of the pastoral families living in flood regions. We used the Geographical Information System, Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis, and semi‐structured interviews to analyze the flood vulnerable areas. Initially, we interviewed 20 individuals and then formulated a questionnaire completed by 69 pastoralists in rangelands affected by floods in Golestan province. Result showed that 91% of the participants thought road networks and 76% thought livestock were the most affected components of the rangeland ecosystems in the 2019 flood. Moreover, we found supplementary feeding, watering costs, and forage quantity to be the most affected items in the economy of pastoral families. The main rangeland degrading factors were overgrazing, climate change, drought, and water shortages. The main reasons for overgrazing were the high prices of supplementary feeding, low forage productivity of the rangelands, and financial difficulties of pastoralists. We indicated that pastoral communities in the semi‐arid rangeland of Northern Golestan were highly vulnerable to flood. Hence, proper management of rangelands and building pastoral family resilience requires the attention of nature conservationists and management organizations at the national level.
Mediation effects of diabetes and inflammation on the relationship of obesity to cognitive impairment in African Americans
Authors: Abi Saleh Rola , Lirette Seth T. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Fornage Myriam , Turner Stephen T. , Hammond Pamela I. , Mosley Thomas H. , Griswold Michael E. , Windham B. Gwen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhether diabetes and adipokine‐driven inflammation explain the association of obesity to cognitive impairment is unknown.MethodsStructural equation models estimated the total effects of waist circumference on cognitive outcomes among African American participants cross‐sectionally (index exam) and longitudinally. Total effects were deconstructed into direct pathways of waist circumference to cognitive impairment and indirect mediation pathways through leptin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and diabetes. Waist circumference, leptin, and sTNFR2 were standardized. Cognitive impairment was defined as MMSE <21 or a z‐score < −1.5 standard deviation (SD). Incident cognitive impairment was defined among those without cognitive impairment at the index exam as follow‐up MMSE<21, z‐ score < −1.5, MMSE decline >1 point/year, or z‐score decline of >0.1 SD/year.ResultsAmong 1008 participants (70% women, mean age 62.9 years, 14.5% with obesity, 26% with diabetes), 132 (13%) had baseline cognitive impairment. Each SD higher waist circumference was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment, odds ratio (OR) = 1.63; (95% confidence interval: 1.17, 2.24), with mediating pathways explaining 65% of the total effect (58% from diabetes; 7% from inflammation). At follow‐up (mean 6.8 years), 106 of 535 (19.8%) had developed cognitive impairment. Each SD higher waist circumference was associated with higher odds of developing cognitive impairment (OR = 1.87; 95%CI: 1.18, 2.74); the direct effect of waist circumference explained 37% of the total effect and mediating pathways explained 63% (61% from diabetes; 2% from inflammation), although individual pathways were not statistically supported in the smaller sample.ConclusionDiabetes, and to a lesser degree, adiposity‐driven inflammation, appear to explain a substantial proportion of abdominal adiposity relationships with cognitive impairment. The impact of preventing and treating obesity on cognitive outcomes merits study.
An in vitro model of glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome at the blood–brain barrier using induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Pervaiz Iqra , Zahra Fatema Tuz , Mikelis Constantinos Marios , Al‐Ahmad Abraham Jacob 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlucose is an important source of energy for the central nervous system. Its uptake at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is mostly mediated via glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), a facilitated transporter encoded by theSLC2A1gene. GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a haploinsufficiency characterized by mutations in theSLC2A1gene, resulting in impaired glucose uptake at the BBB and clinically characterized by epileptic seizures and movement disorder. A major limitation is an absence of in vitro models of the BBB reproducing the disease. This study aimed to characterize an in vitro model of GLUT1DS using human pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Two GLUT1DS clones were generated (GLUT1‐iPSC) from their original parental clone iPS(IMR90)‐c4 by CRISPR/Cas9 and differentiated into brain microvascular endothelial cells (iBMECs). Cells were characterized in terms ofSLC2A1expression, changes in the barrier function, glucose uptake and metabolism, and angiogenesis. GLUT1DS iPSCs and iBMECs showed comparable phenotype to their parental control, with exception of reduced GLUT1 expression at the protein level. Although no major disruption in the barrier function was reported in the two clones, a significant reduction in glucose uptake accompanied by an increase in glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration was reported in both GLUT1DS‐iBMECs. Finally, impaired angiogenic features were reported in such clones compared to the parental clone. Our study provides the first documented characterization of GLUT1DS‐iBMECs generated by CRISPR‐Cas9, suggesting that GLUT1 truncation appears detrimental to brain angiogenesis and brain endothelial bioenergetics, but maybe not be detrimental to iBMECs differentiation and barriergenesis. Our future direction is to further characterize the functional outcome of such truncated product, as well as its impact on other cells of the neurovascular unit.image
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor modulators in stroke treatment
Authors: Zhang Wanzhou , Li Yudi , Li Fangming , Ling Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that can influence a broad range of biological processes through its binding to five distinct G‐protein‐coupled receptors. S1P receptor modulators are a new group of immunosuppressive agents currently used in the immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis. Inflammation following stroke can exacerbate neuronal injury. Given that S1P signaling is linked to multiple immune processes, therapies targeting the S1P axis may be suitable for treating stroke. In this review, we outline S1P metabolism and S1P receptors, discuss the mechanisms of action of S1P receptor modulators in lymphocyte migration and their direct action on cells of the central nervous system, and provide a concise summary of the efficacy of S1P receptor modulators in animal studies and clinical trials on treatments for stroke.image
A Theory of Equivalent Expectation Measures for Contingent Claim Returns
Authors: NAWALKHA SANJAY K. , ZHUO XIAOYANG 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a dynamic change of measure approach for computing analytical solutions of expected future prices (and therefore, expected returns) of contingent claims over a finite horizon. The new approach constructs hybrid probability measures called equivalent expectation measures (EEMs) that provide the physical expectation of the claim's future price before the horizon date, and serve as pricing measures on or after the horizon date. The EEM theory can be used for empirical investigations of both the cross‐section and the term structure of returns of contingent claims, such as Treasury bonds, corporate bonds, and financial derivatives.