bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of brackish water irrigation on the movement of water and salt in salinized soil
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Shen Jianglong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In China, fresh water resources are scarce, while brackish water resources are abundant. Reasonable utilization of brackish water is one of the important measures to alleviate the contradiction of water shortage. In order to study the effect of brackish water irrigation on water and salt transport in saline-alkali soils, one-dimensional brackish water infiltration experiments of soil columns were conducted. The influence of brackish water with different salinities on water and salt transport in salinized soil was compared and analyzed. The results showed that under brackish water irrigation, the Kostiakov model could better simulate the change in soil infiltration rate with time, the soil infiltration capacity had a positive response to the salinity of irrigation water. There was a good linear relationship between cumulative infiltration and the wetting front distance. Under different salinity conditions, the depth of soil desalination, Na+, and Cl− removal is different, which are inversely proportional to the degree of salinity; with the increase in the salinity of irrigation water, the water salt content and the concentration of Na+ and Cl− increased gradually, but the difference in the desalination zone was not obvious. Therefore, brackish water irrigation has a certain effect on the distribution of water and salt in saline soil.
Stomach-affecting intestinal parasites as a precursor model of Pheretima posthuma treated with anthelmintic drug from Dodonaea viscosa Linn.
Authors: Pandiyan Rajesh , Samiappan Sumathi C. , Sugumaran Abimanyu , Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The preponderance of helminth contagions is constrained to tropical regions and can cause massive vulnerability to malnutrition, anemia, pneumonia, and eosinophilia. Many human parasitic diseases cause severe illness in endemic populations. The helminths transmitting through the gastro-intestinal tract may develop resistance to anthelmintic drugs. The phytotherapy, anthelmintic, and antimicrobial efficacy of Dodonaea viscosa leaf solvent extracts were examined. Phytochemical screening was carried out by ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anthelmintic activity was performed against a South Indian earth worm as a model by measuring the paralytic time. The antibacterial activity was performed against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus, which stimulate the stomach helminths. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical compounds from the UV spectrum, and alkenes and aromatic compounds were confirmed by FTIR. Higher concentrations of the D. viscosa extract showed a rapid paralytic effect with a rapid death rate and histopathology. The zone-of-inhibition study indicated the potent antibacterial activity of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of D. viscosa against different bacterial species. The current research revealed that D. viscosa has significant anthelmintic and antibacterial activities and it can be used for further elucidation and characterization.
Utilization of wild species for diversifying the cytoplasmic male sterility source of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids
Authors: Sharma Manish , Yediyur Gavisiddaiah Shadakshari , Rao Annabathula Mohan , Ramesh Sampangi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present investigation is directed at improving sunflower using hybrids having diverse cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sources from Helianthus annuus and H. argophyllus. The aim is to develop and identify promising lines and hybrids with a high combining ability and to obtain highly productive oilseed sunflower hybrids having diverse CMS sources. Five diversified CMS lines and 10 testers were crossed in a line × tester mating design to develop 50 F1 hybrids for genetic analysis. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among hybrids for the traits studied. The mean squares of lines and testers from crosses and GCA variance components revealed the prevalence of additive variances and additive gene action. The mean squares of lines × tester interactions were also significant for all the traits considered. The significance of lines × tester interactions and SCA variance components indicated that SCA is also important in the expression of traits and demonstrated the role of dominant and epistatic genes in controlling the various traits. Among the diverse CMS lines, ARG-6-3-1-4was identified as the best general combiner for stem diameter, volume weight, seed yield, hull content and oil content. While, the line ARG-2-1-2 was the best general combiner for days to 50 per cent flowering, head diameter, 100 seed weight and seed filling per cent. The tester M17-R was observed to be the best general combiner for earliness and volume weight, while RHA 93 was the best general combiner for plant height, seed yield and oil content. The crossMUT-2-8-3-2 × GKVK 3 was found to be a good specific combiner for stem diameter, 100 seed weight, seed yield, seed filling percentage and oil content while, ARG-6-3-1-4 × GKVK 3 was a good specific combiner for days to 50% flowering, plant height and 100 seed weight. The highest standard heterosis for seed yield was observed in the hybrid MUT-2-8-3-2 × GKVK 3 followed by ARG-2-1-2 × LTRR 822 while for oil content the highest was seen in the cross ARG-6-3-1-4 × RHA95-C-1 and thus these hybrids can be exploited for sunflower improvement and diversifying the cytoplasmic male sterile sources of this valuable oilseed crop.
Microstructural study of concrete performance after exposure to elevated temperatures via considering C–S–H nanostructure changes
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Aryanpour Marzieh , Porhonar Fatemeh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of the concrete behavior in elevated temperatures is important in terms of first, structural construction safety under specified loadings, and second, measuring the loading capacity to continue operation. Furthermore, concrete behavior at high temperatures is strongly affected by microstructure. The calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), a nanostructure which is produced by hydration of cement paste, plays a significant role in enhancing the concrete strength under the impression of thermal fluctuations. Hence, this study investigates the microstructural performance of concrete exposed to high temperatures with a special focus on C–S–H nanostructure. Accordingly, 300 samples were cured for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days in a moist room and then exposed to temperature range of 25–900°C for 2 h to investigate changes in their weight, length, compressive strength, and cracking behavior. Besides evaluating the microstructural behavior of the specimens in different temperatures, several techniques such as SEM, EDX, and XRD have been employed. Based on the results, any changes in the samples’ length, weight, and compressive strength depend on the C–S–H nanostructure behavior. In fact, following water decomposition from the C–S–H nanostructure at 900°C, the structure is partially converted to porous ceramic. These structural changes have caused a decline of 79–100% of the compressive strength. The compressive strength has decreased from 27.6 MPa to about 6 MPa. Also, the weight loss percentage of 28-days-old sample at this temperature was 18.84%. Based on the SEM and XRD results, this decline under high temperature arises due to the collapse of C–S–H nanostructure and formation of calcium oxide in the cement structure.
Optimization of electrocoagulation process for treatment of rice grain-based biodigester distillery effluent using surface response methodology approach
Authors: Dubey Savita , Parmar Nitesh , Rekhate Chhaya , Prajapati Abhinesh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Distillery industries are the most water-consuming industries discharging a large amount of wastewater that contain a high organic load. Hence it is first treated in biodigester where significant organics reduces (50–60%) and the outcome of biodigester is commonly known as biodigester effluent (BDE). The present study is an attempt to treat BDE in terms of COD and color removal using a batch electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) where stainless steel (SS) is used as an electrode. To optimize the four independent parameters namely initial pH (pHi: 3.5–9.5), current density (j: 49.5–247 A/m2), electrode gap (g: 1.2–3.2 cm), and reaction time (t: 20–100 min) on the color and COD reduction efficiency, a central composite design (CCD) experiment is applied to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of these parameters. The high coefficients of determination for color (R
2 = 0.9989) and COD (R
2 = 0.9981) were obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA) between the experimental data and the predicted data using a second-order regression model. At the optimum condition color and COD removal of 81.4 and 91.9%, respectively, were observed. A material balance of SS has also been incorporated.
Optimization of baseline configuration in a GNSS network (Nile Delta network, Egypt) – A case study
Authors: Farhan Magda , Gomaa Mahmoud , Sedeek Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
When starting any GNSS measurements, there is a need to establish a survey plan with the required optimal baselines. The optimal GNSS baselines can be chosen by solving the geodetic second-order design (SOD). The particle swarm optimization PSO is used widely to solve geodetic design issues. This work employed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, a stochastic global optimization method, to select the optimal GNSS baselines. The optimal baselines satisfy the set criterion matrix at a reasonable cost. The fundamentals of the algorithm are presented. The effectiveness and usefulness of the technique are then demonstrated using a Nile Delta GNSS network as an example. In some cases, we have to observe many GNSS benchmarks with limited instrumentations. PSO represents a powerful tool for optimizing baseline to get the required accuracy with limited capabilities (like limited receivers). The PSO algorithm, a stochastic global optimization approach, was used in this paper to find the best observation weights to measure in the field that will match the predetermined criterion matrix with a fair degree of precision. The method’s fundamentals are presented with an actual geodetic network over the Nile delta in Egypt. In the current work, two survey strategies were applied. One represents a case with 9 GNSS receivers (high capability), and another one represents the tested survey plan with limited GNSS receivers (3 receivers, low capability) after applying PSO. By comparing two survey strategies, applying the PSO algorithm to a real Nile delta geodetic network shows its effectiveness on the obtained coordinate accuracy. This obtained accuracy ranged from 2 mm to 3 mm in X, Y, Z, and 3 mm in height. Also, the linear closure error between known and estimated coordinates improved to be 1.4 cm after applying PSO.
Atraumatic spontaneous splenic rupture in a female COVID-19 patient
Authors: Melamed Michele T. , Gigliotti Jake L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has severely ravaged the world since the end of 2019. Although most cases range from mild to severe with primarily respiratory symptoms, there have been some unusual clinical presentations, one of which is described in this case report. A 30 year-old woman with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) in October 2020 with sudden onset of severe left upper and lower abdominal pain. Her initial triaged blood pressure was 70 mmHg systolic, associated with mild tachycardia. Her beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) was negative, and her initial hemoglobin was 9.3 g/dL. A bedside ultrasound (US) was immediately performed, which showed moderate free fluid in the pelvis as well as in the right and left upper quadrants of the abdomen. She was stabilized with a fluid bolus and later underwent a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, which showed an apparent grade III splenic laceration without active extravasation. The patient underwent a successful embolization procedure by interventional radiology (IR) and was discharged from the hospital 2 days later. The initial medical workup included a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) COVID-19 test but included no other findings that could serve as a cause for her spleen to spontaneously rupture. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate and make other clinicians aware of unusual potential complications and clinical presentations of COVID-19. The condition of spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is an uncommon but an emergent differential diagnosis in an otherwise healthy person with potential drastic outcomes. A careful approach in the management and care of these patients is warranted. This is one of a handful of case reports on SSR secondary to COVID-19 to the best of our knowledge.
Effect of different joint angles on the mechanical strength of adhesive-bonded scarf and double butt–lap joints
Authors: Yanen Cenk , Solmaz Murat Yavuz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The effect of different joint angles and joint types in adhesively bonded joints was investigated. Two joint types were chosen to examine the effect of the joint type. A total of 12 samples were produced at six different angles (30°, 45°, 52°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) to examine the effect of joint angle on the scarf and double butt–lap joint types. St 37 steel was used as the adherend material. The adhesion distance, sample thickness, and adhesion area were kept constant in the samples. There were differences in the sample widths to make the angle change by keeping the adhesive bonding length constant. 3M Scotch-Weld DP810 epoxy adhesive was used as the adhesive. The adhesive thickness was chosen as 0.1 mm. An axial tensile load was applied to the samples, and the results were recorded and evaluated. When scarf and double butt–lap joint samples are compared with each other according to their angles, it was seen that double butt–lap joints were more successful in samples with 30, 45, and 52° joint angles, and scarf lap joints were more successful in samples with 60, 75, and 90° joint angles.
Microstructure analysis and mechanical properties of electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB)-manufactured γ-titanium aluminide (TiAl) at elevated temperatures
Authors: Kotzem Daniel , Teschke Mirko , Juechter Vera , Körner Carolin , Walther Frank 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Additively manufactured γ-titanium aluminide has a high specific strength and temperature resistance. This opens new possibilities for future lightweight constructions for aerospace applications. The objective of this work was to characterize additively manufactured Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy specimens, which were successfully manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion. For microstructural characterization, the as-built state was investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. In the electron backscatter diffraction analysis, the size and the orientation of the grains were observed. The pore size and distribution were examined in computer tomographic scans, which showed a near fully dense material with a relative density of >99.9%. Furthermore, the hardness curve over the building height was examined in hardness mappings. Thereby, a strong decrease in hardness could be observed with an increase in part height. To evaluate the reliability of the manufactured alloy, quasi-static compression tests were carried out at temperatures up to 650 °C. Within these tests, a high compression strength (σ

c,p,0.2,650 °C = 684 MPa) was determined, which implicated a potential substitution of nickel-based superalloy components in aerospace applications under compressive loads.
Failure investigation of a spline half-shaft in a loader rickshaw differential system
Authors: Hayat Umer , Shad Muhammad Rizwan , Ali Ahmad , Abbas Hassan , Hassnain Muhammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Large number of pre-mature failure cases of spline half-shafts of loader automobile rickshaws were encountered by an industry in Lahore, Pakistan. Unexpected fracture of the spline-region of half-shafts were reported shortly after the shafts were put to service. This paper presents the findings of a systematic investigation that was carried out to find the root cause of the failure. Visual inspection, mechanical characterization, microstructural analysis, and chemical composition analysis were used to study the failure. It was revealed that the failure was torsional fatigue fracture in nature, with crack initiating from one of the machining marks present near the spline-root. Main cause of failure was found to be stress concentration at machine marks present on the surface, especially the ones closer to spline-roots, resulting in crack initiation. Moreover, other factors like presence of manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions and improper material had also contributed towards crack propagation and final fracture.
Laser and TIG welding of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts
Authors: Sen Murat , Kurt Mustafa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electron beam melting (EBM) is a powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) technology for small and medium-sized Ti-6Al-4V components. In this study, EBM-built Ti-6Al-4V tensile specimens were joined using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding and laser beam welding (LBW) to form large-scale components. Weld morphology, defects, mechanical properties, and microstructure of joints made by LBW and TIG welding were compared. It was found that the pore sensitivity of EBMed Ti-6Al-4V is extremely high. In EBM, the most common defect is pores, but this has been ignored as parts are broken at welding zone. Large pores are distributed along the edge of the weld in TIG welding, whereas in laser welding they are distributed at top of the weld. LBW has a much smaller grain size in the weld center than TIG welding. The TIG welded sample has more heat at the weld boundary. Mechanical properties of TIG welded parts were superior to laser welded parts. The main reason for this is that the weld cross section is larger than the center. In addition, in the microstructure examination of TIG welding, it was observed that the weld had fewer defects than laser welding. Also, the elongation of all specimens is very low.
Multitask bidirectional digital coding metasurface for independent controls of multiband and full-space electromagnetic waves
Authors: Wu Liang Wei , Ma Hui Feng , Gou Yue , Wu Rui Yuan , Wang Zheng Xing , Xiao Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Full-space metasurfaces demonstrate powerful abilities in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves, but most of them are usually single band. Here, a multiband bidirectional digital coding metasurface is proposed for multiple tasks, which can achieve completely different functions in up to six frequency bands when the EM waves are incident from the front and back of the metasurface. As a proof-of-concept, we design and fabricate a dual-band full-space metasurface with integrated functions of reflection, transmission, holographic imaging, and vortex-beam forming, and a six-band full-space metasurface with completely independent holographic imaging functions at different frequency bands. Simulated and measured results are in good agreements with the theoretical predictions, verifying the good performance of the proposed multitask bidirectional digital coding metasurface.
Solution for a rotational pendulum system by the Rach–Adomian–Meyers decomposition method
Authors: González-Gaxiola O. , Rach Randolph , Ruiz de Chávez Juan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, we report for the first time the application of a novel and extremely valuable methodology called the Rach–Adomian–Meyers decomposition method (MDM) to obtain numerical solutions to the rotational pendulum equation. MDM is a tool for solving nonlinear differential equations that combines both series solution and the Adomian decomposition method efficiently. We present a simple and highly accurate MDM-based algorithm and its numerical implementation via a one-step recurrence approach for obtaining periodic solutions to the rotational pendulum equation. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique for both large and small amplitudes of oscillation.
On Two Sub-projections of the Nominal Extended Projection: Some Romance Evidence
Authors: Cinque Guglielmo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIf cross-linguistic word order variation is a function of the movement of the head of each (sub)projection of an extended projection (in one of the possible ways movement can take place: with or without pied piping) there will be novel evidence for the correct constituencies of the clause and its major phrases. Here I will try to illustrate this by looking at two specific sub-projections of the nominal extended projection in a number of Romance languages: the sub-projection of locative adverbs and elevation and exteriority/interiority particles, and the sub-projection containing ‘other’, and ordinal and cardinal numerals.
Contribution of Lean Mass Distribution on Aerobic Fitness and Performance in NCAA Division I Female Rowers
Authors: Haraldsdottir Kristin , Sanfilippo Jennifer , Dawes Samantha , Watson Andrew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Haraldsdottir, K, Sanfilippo, J, Dawes, S, and Watson, A. Contribution of lean mass distribution on aerobic fitness and performance in NCAA division I female rowers. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The purpose of this study was to determine the relative influence of total lean body mass (LBM), body fat percentage (BF%), upper extremity lean mass (ULM), lower extremity lean mass (LLM), and trunk lean mass (TLM) on maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o
2max) and time to exhaustion (Tmax) in female collegiate rowers. One hundred seven female collegiate rowers (aged 18–22 years) performed maximal progressive rowing ergometer testing to determine V̇o
2max and Tmax. Body mass, LBM, BF%, ULM, LLM, and TLM were determined by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Separate multivariable linear regression models were performed to predict V̇o
2max and Tmax by using LBM and BF% as predictors. In addition, separate linear regression models were used to predict V̇o
2max and Tmax with ULM, LLM, and TLM as covariates. Subjects were aged 20 ± 3 years. V̇o
2max was significantly predicted by LBM (r
2 = 0.29, p < 0.001), but not BF% (r
2 = 0.002, p = 0.79). Similarly, Tmax was significantly predicted by LBM (r
2 = 0.25, p < 0.001), but not BF% (r
2 = 0.003, p = 0.19). V̇o
2max was significantly predicted by LLM (r
2 = 0.12, p < 0.01), but not ULM (r
2 = 0.08, p = 0.68) or TLM (r
2 = 0.09, p = 0.17), and Tmax was significantly predicted by TLM (r
2 = 0.09, p = 0.02), but not ULM (r
2 = 0.07, p = 0.89) or LLM (r
2 = 0.08, p = 32). Among female collegiate rowers, whole body LBM is a significant predictor of both V̇o
2max and Tmax. However, LLM is a stronger predictor of V̇o
2max while TLM is a stronger predictor Tmax, although each of these relationships has a low coefficient of determination. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness and performance may be influenced by regions of lean mass differently.