bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is International HIV Dementia Scale good enough to diagnose HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders?
Authors: Himanshu Dandu , Tandon Ruchika , Kumar Sachin , Sawlani Kamal K. , Verma Sudhir K. , Misra Ravi , Atam Virendra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) comprise impairment of multiple cognitive domains and cause significant morbidity. International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) is a quite sensitive and specific method for screening for HAND, and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), though nonspecific, contains more parameters for screening for neurocognition. Hence, we compared 3MS and IHDS as screening tools for HAND with an aim to find out which was a better screening tool for HAND.

Methods:
Using 3MS and IHDS, we assessed the cognitive status of 200 HIV-positive patients (65% males) and 84 controls, presenting to the Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India from September 2015 to September 2019.

Results:
According to 3MS, 42 (21%) HIV-positive patients were neurocognitively impaired (mean 76.24 ± 1.51), and 158 (79%) patients were not (mean 87.02 ± 4.16). As per IHDS, 185 (92.5%) HIV patients were neurocognitively impaired (mean 8.45 ± 0.88), and 15 (7.5%) patients were not (mean 11.13 ± 0.35). The mean 3MS score of controls was 87.56 ± 4.26, and the IHDS score was 9.73 ± 1.00. According to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), moderate depression occurred in only 3.5% of the patients, and the rest had only minimal or mild depression. In IHDS, psychomotor speed was the most affected parameter, whereas in 3MS, similarities were the most affected.

Conclusion:
IHDS may be over diagnosing neurocognitive impairment in HIV patients due to difficulty in understanding the test, especially psychomotor speed testing. 3MS may be more accurate for detecting neurocognitive impairment in HIV patients, and scale combining both these methods may be a still better choice.
A cross sectional study to assess the psychological impact of covid 19 on family medicine specialists and residents in Kerala
Authors: Vinod Anuna , Kaimal Resmi S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aim:
To study the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on family physicians and residents in Kerala.

Objectives:
1. To evaluate mental health outcomes among family physicians and residents in Kerala involved in the COVID-19 response. 2. To quantify the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. 3. To assess the potential risk factors associated with the symptoms of anxiety, depression, or stress.

Background:
Health care professionals dealing with COVID-19 are under increased work pressure and experience high rates of anxiety and depression. This is even more in family physicians as they are the frontline workers and may contract the disease themselves. So, it is imperative to assess and grade the psychological impact of COVID-19 on family physicians.

Methodology:
The study population included 80% of the family physicians and residents working in Kerala. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in the month of January 2021 with the help of a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Sample size: 120. Depression and anxiety were measured using a 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS: 0–21). Stress was computed using Perceived Stress Scale. The data were analyzed statistically by Chi-square and simple proportions.

Results:
A total of 80% were directly involved in treating/dealing COVID-19 patients. A total of 55.83% had an economic impact due to COVID-19. A total of 95% agreed to be anxious about spreading the disease to people at home. The increased stress was mostly attributed to change in social habits/lifestyles. Residents had a higher PSS score compared to temporary and permanent employees. Compared to other age groups, borderline or abnormal depression scale was seen in the age group of 31–40 years and 21–30 years. Compared to males, more proportion of females had anxiety and depression scores.

Conclusions:
It is imperative that we evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on family physicians in order to ensure their mental wellbeing and better productivity.
A study of road traffic injury victims at a tertiary care hospital in Goa, India
Authors: Bicholkar Abhishek , Cacodcar Jagadish A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
While road traffic accidents are declining in many developed countries, fatalities are still on the rise in many developing countries including India. More than half of the road traffic injury (RTI) victims are in the age group of 20-55 years, which constitutes the key wage-earning and child-raising age group.

Objective:
To study the socio-demographic profile of RTI victims and to study the pattern of injury among them.

Methods and Material:
The RTI victims brought to the casualty of Goa Medical College and Hospital were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire following transfer to in-patient wards after initial stabilisation in the casualty. Data are expressed as proportions and presented using graphs and charts.

Results:
A majority of the RTI victims, i.e., 134 (30.45%) were in the age group of 30–40 years. The findings reveal that 33 (13.04%) RTI victims did not have a valid driving licence, while the use of alcohol within 6 h before accident was seen in 38 (12.75%) RTI victims; 234 (65.36%) victims were not using a seat belt or helmet and 350 (79.55%) victims had grievous injuries.

Conclusions:
A high number of drivers were driving without a valid driving licence while a good number of RTI victims consumed alcohol putting themselves as well as other commuters at risk. There is a need for increasing awareness among the road users and community regarding road safety. Government authorities should ensure consistent and strict implementation of traffic rules as well as accelerate the implementation of road-safety preventive measures.
Economic burden estimation associated with dengue and chikungunya in Gujarat, India
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Yadav Chander Prakash , Chauhan Naresh Muljibhai , Baharia Rajendra Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Dengue and chikungunya have been emerging as major vector-borne diseases. The global burden of the diseases is rising as a public health problem. The complexity of disease is governed by multiple constraints including only symptomatic treatment and inflicts heavy social and economic burden on society. The present study is designed to assess the economic burden of dengue and chikungunya infection by calculating cost per patient in Gujarat, India.

Methods:
A total of 210 patients were enrolled in the study from Ahmedabad and Kheda district of Gujarat from May 2018 to December 2019 of which 150 had dengue and 60 chikungunya infections, subject to the willingness of participation in the survey. Information on wage loss days, cost associated with medicines, diagnosis, special food and travel cost, etc., for the calculation of the direct and indirect costs associated with dengue and chikungunya were collected from these participants using a structured questionnaire. Informed consent was taken before including any participant in the study.

Results:
In the dengue sample, 86 were males (57.3%) and the rest were females, and in the chikungunya sample, 31 were males (51.7%) and the rest females. The median age of the participants with dengue and chikungunya was 18 (p25 to p75: 8 to 26) and 30 (p25 to p75: 21 to 45) years respectively. Median family income was recorded as Rs 15,000 (p25 to p75: 9000 to 25500) and Rs 12,000 (p25 to p75: 9000 to 18500) for the dengue and chikungunya cases, respectively. The average duration of the illness was observed to be higher in chikungunya (median days (P25 to p75): 15 (7–45)) than dengue (median days (P25 to p75): 10 (5–15)). The median indirect cost in the case of dengue was Rs 1,931 (p25 to p75: 300 to 4500) while Rs 2,550 (p25 to p75: 0 to 5250) was observed for chikungunya cases. Two types of direct cost, namely, direct cost related to medical expenses and direct cost related to other expenses were calculated. Direct cost related to medical expenses was observed to be higher in dengue (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 2,450 (400–5000)) than chikungunya (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 1,500 (150–5200)) while indirect cost related to other expenses were comparable between dengue (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 1,575 (1300–2600)) and chikungunya (Md (P25 to p75): Rs 1500 (850–2850)). The average total cost for one dengue episode was estimated to be Rs 6,860 (3700–12525) whereas it was Rs 7,000 (2550–14000) for one episode of Chikungunya.

Conclusions:
Overall, patients have to bear high costs while suffering from dengue and chikungunya infections. Furthermore, the duration of illness while suffering from viral diseases also contributes to the substantial economic burden. Improved knowledge about the impact of the cost and the economic burden associated with dengue and chikungunya will help policymakers allocate and appropriate resources accordingly.
Medical abortion in India – An imperative need for task sharing
Authors: Arora Nalini , Singh Nita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Over-the-counter (OTC) sale of medical abortion (MA) inducing drugs is a common practice. Exploring its impact on women’s health and the barriers to avail free MA services at hospital by these women is essential to improve upon policy decision.

Methods:
A prospective observational study included 112 women following ingestion of MA drugs from nonformal providers. Demography, clinical details, and reasons for not availing free abortion services at hospital were recorded.

Results:
Among 112 women, mean age was 28.63 (SD 4.7) years. Seventy one (63.39%) women were from rural region; 70.54% were educated below high school; 44 (39.28%) had prior induced abortion; 62.5% had never used any contraception. Majority (101; 90%) took two drugs (Mifepristone and Misoprostol), 28 (25%) used correct dosage. Drugs were consumed beyond 9 weeks of gestation by 25 (22.4%) women. Abnormal vaginal bleeding was commonest 105 (93.75%) presentation. Haemorrhagic shock was noted in 21 (18.75%) women, while 21 (18.7%) women required blood transfusion. “Easy and quick availability of these drugs OTC” was the commonest statement for not attending hospital.

Conclusion:
Easy and quick availability of OTC drugs, distance to hospital were major barriers. Incorrect dosage and lack of gestational age calculation were two most common errors in the risk assessment protocol. Expanding provider base, by training midlevel providers, can overcome these and unmask the full potential of MA to make abortion safer.
Features of resolving economic disputes in relation to digital technologies
Authors: Гуляева Н.С. 
Published: October 2022

В СТАТЬЕ РАССМАТРИВАЮТСЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СПОРОВ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И ИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ КАК НА ОСНОВАНИИ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ (НАПРИМЕР, ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ), ТАК И БЕЗ РЕГИСТРАЦИИ (НАПРИМЕР, НОУ-ХАУ), АНАЛИЗИРУЮТСЯ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАССМОТРЕНИЯ ДАННОЙ КАТЕГОРИИ СПОРОВ.
THE ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE PROBLEMS OF RESOLUTION OF ECONOMIC DISPUTES REGARDING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ELEMENTS PROTECTED BOTH ON THE BASIS OF REGISTRATION ( FOR EXAMPLE, INVENTION) AND WITHOUT REGISTRATION ( FOR EXAMPLE, KNOW-HOW),
MEMBANGUN IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN UNTUK MEMBENTUK BUDI PEKERTI PADA ANAK
Authors: Rahmadhani Defany Dwi , Dewi Dinie Anggraeni 
Published: October 2022

Abstrak: Pancasila adalah sebuah ideologi bangsa Indonesia sebagai pedoman dalam bermasyarakat. Nilai-nilai dalam Pancasila pun memiliki makna dapat membentuk generasi bangsa yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan implementasi nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk membentuk budi pekerti yang baik pada anak bangsa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan literatur, dengan mengumpulkan dari berbagai jurnal, tesis, yang berhubungan dengan pembahasan yang di angkat. Selanjutnya, dari sumber-sumber yang telah didapat mengenai pengimplementasian nilai-nilai Pancasila. Maka, dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membangun pengimplementasian kepada nilai-nilai Pancasila kepada bangsa Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Implementasi, makna Pancasila, nilai-nilai Pancasila
Kopf einer Statue der Aphrodite
Authors:   Sonderforschungsbereich 644 (Transformationen der Antike, Kansteiner Sascha ,   HU Berlin)
Published: October 2022

Ein 1987 in Tomis gefundener überlebensgroßer Marmorkopf der Aphrodite ist als Kopie eines gegen 360 v. Chr., sehr wahrscheinlich von Praxiteles, geschaffenen Werkes zu interpretieren. Der Kopf gehört damit zu einer kleinen Gruppe von Kopien, die man wohl in Athen angefertigt und von dort in den westlichen Schwarzmeerraum exportiert hat. Replik des Kopfes in Constanza ist u. a. ein im Theater von Arles entdecktes Statuenoberteil, das, anders als bislang angenommen, zu einer halbbekleideten oder zu einer nackten Statue gehört haben wird.
The level of youth involvement in church-initiated programmes in Methodist church in Kenya, Nyambene synod
Authors: Elizabeth Kathuure Maitai  , Dickson K. Nkonge  , David Bururia  
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to examine the youth involvement level in Church initiated programmes in the Methodist Church in Kenya, Nyambene Synod. Methodist Church in Kenya has come up with Church-initiated programmes to assist the youth struggling with different life issues. However, the problem continues to persist in Nyambene Synod, where the youth have kept migrating from MCK to other churches, despite the significant role church-initiated programmes play in church. The study employed a descriptive research design. Data were obtained from questionnaires, focus group discussions and interview schedules. Functionalism theory was used to establish the level of youth involvement in church-initiated programmes. The study found that not all youth participate in church-initiated programmes, and Circuit ministers and circuit leaders were not offering church-initiated programmes effectively. This study recommends that the church ought to embrace modern ways, including technology, to involve more youth in the programmes and give the youth more room to express themselves through different youth activities, which should be carried out more often to retain them in church.
KEANGGOTAAN INDONESIA PADA INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL
Authors: Liberthin Palullungan  
Published: October 2022

Indonesia's membership in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one step in realizing national development as the nation's ideals. This study aims to explain the scope of the IBRD related to its function and position for its member countries and to describe the status and role of Indonesia as a member of the IBRD in the context of realizing National Development. The research method used is normative or doctrinal research, which means this research is carried out using secondary data obtained indirectly but obtained through other parties, namely through library research in the form of related books, theses, journals, articles, works. writing and various information obtained through the internet with a conceptual approach and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the scope of the World Bank/IBRD is not only limited to its function in providing financial loan assistance but also technical assistance related to consulting services and strategies through national development programs. As a member of the IBRD, Indonesia has the status of a lower middle class country which was previously an upper middle class country based on Gross National Income (GNI) and has the status of a developed country in WHO which has an influence on Indonesia's national development.
Wind-wave characteristics and extremes along the Emilia-Romagna coast
Authors: Pranavam Ayyappan Pillai Umesh , Pinardi Nadia , Federico Ivan , Causio Salvatore , Trotta Francesco , Unguendoli Silvia , Valentini Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. This study examines the wind-wave characteristics along the Emilia-Romagna coasts (northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) with a 10-year wave simulation for the period 2010–2019 performed with the high-resolution unstructured-grid WAVEWATCH III (WW3) coastal wave model. The wave parameters (significant wave height, mean and peak wave period, and wave direction) were validated with the in situ measurements at a coastal station, Cesenatico. In the coastal belt, the annual mean wave heights varied from 0.2–0.4 m, and the seasonal mean was highest for the winter period (>0.4 m). The Emilia-Romagna coastal belt was characterized by wave and spectra seasonal signals with two dominant frequencies of the order of 10 and 5–6 s for autumn and winter and 7–9 and 4 s for spring and summer. The wavelet power spectra of significant wave height for 10 years show considerable variability, having monthly and seasonal periods. This validated and calibrated data set enabled us to study the probability distributions of the significant wave height along the coasts and define a hazard index based on a fitted Weibull probability distribution function.
Vigilancia epidemiológica de siniestros viales en un hospital privado de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Año 2018
Authors: Barrios Rocío N. , Pereira Andrés M. , Braguinsky Golde Nahuel , Díaz Morena , Aráoz Olivos Natalia S. , Ferloni Analía , Aliperti Valeria , Gómez Saldaño Ana M. , Figar Silvana B. 
Published: October 2022

Introducción: los siniestros viales representan un significativo problema de salud pública y una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad evitables en la Argentina. La vigilancia epidemiológica permite valorar el alcance del problema y orientar respuestas. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características demográficas, uso de la vía pública, mecanismo de producción, evaluación en Unidad de Emergencias y morbimortalidad de los casos ingresados en el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica de siniestros viales en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires durante el año 2018.
Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se analizaron las variables sexo, grupo etario, tiempo de internación, tipo de usuario, mecanismo de producción, gravedad del herido y del siniestro.
Resultados: se registraron 404 consultas por siniestros viales. El sexo masculino fue el predominante en el 62,13% (251). El rango etario más frecuente abarcó los 25 a 44 años (187). La forma de traslado mayoritaria fue el automóvil en el 42,57% (172), seguido de motovehículos 29,21% (118). La gran mayoría fueron secundarios a colisiones entre dos vehículos. El 80,20% (324) ingresó deambulando por sus propios medios y el 83% (336) no requirió internación. El 90,6% (366) consultó por heridas leves. De los heridos graves, el 71,05% (27) fue de sexo masculino y el 26,32% (10) mayor de 75 años. La mayoría eran usuarios de automóvil. Ocurrieron 3 óbitos de mujeres mayores de 75 años.
Conclusión: se observó una mayor cantidad de siniestros viales en adultos jóvenes, principalmente en varones. En general, usuarios de vehículos que consultaron tras una colisión con otro vehículo. Mayormente, ingresaron por sus propios medios, no requirieron internación de ningún tipo y presentaron heridas leves. Los casos graves correspondieron en su mayoría a varones con gran proporción de adultos mayores. Los casos fatales ocurrieron en mujeres adultas mayores. Contar con información del perfil epidemiológico de los siniestros viales permite la comprensión de esta compleja problemática en el ámbito local y el diseño de estrategias de intervención ajustadas a dicho perfil.
DIROFILARIASIS AND HEMOBARTONELLOSIS IN DOGS IN VYBORG OF LENINGRAD REGION
Authors: Slobodyanik R. V. , Mane U. V. , Zykova S. S. , Suhanov O. B. 
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to determining the spread of dirofilariasis in the Vyborgsky district of the Leningrad region. The objects of the study were 23 dogs of various breeds aged from 1 to 9 years. Of these, 21 dogs were in a shelter, and 2 dogs were kept at home. As part of routine research, diagnostics was carried out for 10 types of helminths. 4 dogs were identified, in the blood of which antibodies to dirofilariasis were detected by PCR. In 100% of cases, the causative agent is Dirofilaria repens. The average invasion intensity (EI) of D. repens (Railliet et Henry, 1911) was 17.4%. By PCR, hemobartonellosis was detected in 6 dogs (28.6%), and in 9.5% of the animals mixed invasion was observed - hemobartonellosis and dirofilariasis.Thus, on the territory of the Vyborgsky district of the Leningrad region, a local focus of dirofilariasis and hemobartonellosis of carnivores is actively functioning, in the spread of which stray and owner dogs are actively involved, which indicates the circulation of parasites in the study area and the possibility of infection of other animals and humans. For the implementation of effective prevention of dirofilariasis, we suggest using drugs based on macrocyclic lactones, and hemobartonellosis - doxycycline.
ANALYSIS OF IMMIGRATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIMKIM) VERSION 2.0 FOR THE ISSUANCE OF A RESIDENCE PERMIT WITH THE COBIT 5 METHOD AT THE CLASS I IMMIGRATION OFFICE TPI MAKASSAR
Authors: Alfarisi Akasy Andi Hammam 
Published: October 2022

Along with the advancement of information technology, the Directorate General of Immigration has integrated all immigration functions through SIMKIM since 2007. Immigration Management Information ‘System (SIMKIM) is a system used to collect, process and convey information to support operations, management, and policy making. Simkim implementation in the Immigration Technical Implementation Unit is one of them by ope rating the system in the process of issuing residence permits to Foreigners. The arrival of Foreigners through immigration checkpoints by remembering selective policy strategies, only foreigners who can benefit and do not interfere with the security or order of the public can enter and live in the Territory of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of simkim version 2.0 use at TPI Makassar Class I Immigration Office. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods with the COBIT 5 (Control Objective for Information and Related Technology) model, while the data source is used namely primary and secondary data obtained by interview, document study and observation. The theoretical
foundations used are information technology theory, management information systems, public service and information technology governance. Based on the analysis of data conducted, it was concluded that in terms of the process of issuing residence permits using SIMKIM Version 2.0 there are still various obstacles both from the system and in terms of facilities and implementation of information technology governance by measuring maturity level maturity level.