bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the nesting materials used by House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) for Open and Inbox nests
Authors: Mahesh Veerá , Lanka Suseela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a bird species connected to humans, widely distributed in most of the human settlements. They build nests in the crevices of our homes. The recent changes in house design minimized the crevices to build the nests and lead to habitat loss. The nest boxes are the alternative ways to re-establish the decreased House Sparrow population. We investigated the usage of nesting materials by House Sparrow with reference to construction of Open nests and Inbox nests in our study area. Because of its flexible attitude, it utilizes all the available materials for nest construction. In our study area at Jangareddigudem, we have examined about 100 Inbox nests and 40 Open nests. There are around 29 varieties of nesting materials used by Sparrows in the examined Inbox nests and around 27 varieties in the Open nests. Dūrvā grass found to be the major component of all the analyzed nesting materials in both Open and Inbox nests that constituted 43% and 36.5% respectively. The other structural materials such as coconut fibre (3.5%) and broom fibre (6%) were found to be more in Inbox nests. Synthetic fibre was more in Open nests (3.7%). We found significant differences between the Open and Inbox nests with respect to quantum of each nesting material type used, weight of the nests and time taken for nest construction by House Sparrow.
Substrate influences foraging selection by Eurasian Green WoodpeckersPicus viridisin autumn and winter: observations in Hungary over a 20-year period
Authors: Gorman Gerard , Alder Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe foraging behaviour and habitat use of the Eurasian Green WoodpeckerPicus viridisat various sites in Hungary over a 20-year period was documented. Detailed observations were recorded on foraging behaviour at hard substrates; in quarries, cliffs and human made structures of brick and stone construction. Using Chi-square tests on the frequency of observations of birds at hard substrates foraging sites, we compared usage during periods of snow cover and those without. Birds were found to be more frequently observed at hard substrates during periods of snow cover because these remained largely free of snow. We supposed that this response was due to invertebrate prey becoming increasingly scarce generally across typical foraging sites, i.e. grasslands and meadows during harsh winter conditions. Accessibility to the alternative sites became important as a source of food because availability of prey was more reliable. Vertical surfaces of hard substrates such as those associated with quarries, cliffs and buildings may be important to sustain Eurasian Green Woodpeckers in periods of snow cover where these provide a valuable foraging resource.
Multi-species settlement by secondary hollow-nesting passerine birds in a European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster) colony
Authors: Shupova Tatiana V. , Koniakin Serhii M. , Grabovska Tetiana O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Simultaneous nesting of six species of secondary hollow-nesting passerine birds in abandoned European Bee-eater Merops apiaster nest-holes has been detected and described. The holes were occupied by Great Tit Parus major, Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata, European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros, Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus and White Wagtail Motacilla alba, which formed a multi-species settlement in a European Bee-eater colony.
Ratification of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA): Towards A New Structure of Political Conflict?
Authors: Maatsch Aleksandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Has the high-profile public opposition to recent EU trade agreements supplanted the traditional socio-economic pattern of competition in European trade policy with a value-driven one? This article draws on new data analysing the outcome of the ratification process of a mixed free trade agreement (CETA) in the European Parliament and in all national parliaments that have so far completed ratification. With help of a logistic regression model analysing the vote-outcome, this article demonstrates that despite high social salience, economic considerations remain prominent. Values (TAN-GAL cleavage) were relevant but played a different role than expected. Against the expectation, green parties associated with the GAL-spectrum voted against CETA demonstrating that party preferences on specific values do not necessarily coincide or generate the same policy preference.
Disentangling the Moral Rightness of Securitization: Data Mining of the Process of Framing and Shaping of Poland-United States Relations
Authors: Kwiatkowska Agnieszka , Chwedczuk-Szulc Karol , Bolechów Bartosz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the democratic transition, Poland-United States relations have been framed by the Polish authorities as a strategic threat-management tool in the securitization process of Poland’s geopolitical position, particularly concerning the Russian Federation. We analyse the process of securitization regarding Poland-US relations through latent topic modelling of Polish parliamentary speeches in the years 1991–2017. We demonstrate that the discourse on Polish-US relations is heavily dominated by security topics, narrowly understood as military security. Furthermore, even when economic issues are discussed, they are frequently linked to military operations. Based on Floyd’s (2011, 2019) model of the moral rightness of securitization, we argue that the close relationship between securitizing moves (debates on Poland-US relations) and security practices (security events) suggests the basic sincerity of the securitizing actor, while the historical context reflected in the Polish collective memory strongly influences the audience’s frame of reference and strengthens the power of the securitizing actor. However, although the case fulfils Floyd’s (2019) criteria of morally right securitization, we have shown a historical disparity between the scope of securitizing moves with security practices and the existing level of threat. This demonstrates that the securitizing agent has been abusing securitization by exceeding the ‘least harmful option’, particularly due to the large asymmetry of power of the participants in the relationship, the securitization process stretched over a long period and the threat severity varying over time.
Storm Surges Versus Shore Erosion: 21 Years (2000–2020) of Observations on the Świna Gate Sandbar (Southern Baltic Coast)
Authors: Łabuz Tomasz Arkadiusz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Based on observations spanning 21 years (2000–2020), the article studies the effects of storm surges on the shore of the Świna Gate Sandbar in the southern part of the Pomeranian Bay (southern Baltic Sea). Impacts of selected maximum storm surges in each year were assessed with respect to morphological data collected on the beach and the foredune. The data included parameters of beach-dune erosion as measured along a beach transect before and after each surge. Differences and trends in the shore erosion were related to the sea level (SL), duration of a storm surge [highest storm sea level (HSL) > 1 m], wind-wave sector and wave run-up. The relationships were explored using a simple correlation analysis. The most serious erosion was observed during the heaviest surges [HSL > 1.3 m above the mean sea level (AMSL)], with a wave run-up higher than 3.2 m AMSL. Such surges occurred at about 2-year intervals. The average SL during a surge was 1.2 m AMSL, with a run-up of 2.6 m AMSL. The beach and the lower part of the shore, below that level, were eroded each year. The heaviest surges resulted in an average 5.2 m and 7.0 m dune retreat on the high-beach-accumulative shore and on the low-beach-erosive shore, respectively. The dune was not eroded when the beach height exceeded the wave run-up. The heaviest surges eroded away 12–14 m3 of the beach sand volume. The shore erosion was found to be related to the storm surge duration, the maximum SL, the run-up and the beach height prior to the surge.
The Capital Structure of Libertarian Production
Authors: Wiśniewski Jakub Bożydar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the present article is to reflect on the intellectual origin of the close relationship between Austrian economics and libertarian philosophy. It suggests that the relationship in question is grounded in the fact that personal liberty and individual initiative, in addition to being significant moral values, are also crucial reservoirs of organizational efficiency and developmental drive. This implies that libertarian values can be disseminated, promoted, and implemented particularly effectively as a result of utilizing theoretical insights of the Austrian school, which is singularly committed to explaining the efficiency-enhancing features of the unhampered market process and entrepreneurial rivalry. In this connection, special attention is devoted to the liberty-promoting potential of Austrian contributions to the fields of capital, entrepreneurship, and the firm.
Some Prospects of Libertarian Punishment Theory: Rejoinder to Blasco and Marcos
Authors: Block Walter E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Libertarian punishment theory was initially articulated by Murray N. Rothbard and Walter E. Block. It was broken down into four separate stages. To a great degree, this theory was accepted by Eduardo Blasco and Davie Marcos. However, they maintain it is in need of some slight adjustments and improvements, mainly dealing with the interest rate. The present paper claims their suggestion while valid, is unnecessary, since this theory already incorporates that element, at least implicitly.
Predicting the Consequences of Perceived Data Privacy Risks on Consumer Behaviour: An Entropy-TOPSIS Approach
Authors: Adebiyi Sulaimon Olanrewaju , Olayemi Gloria Amaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Advancement in internet of things (IoT) and proliferation in the use of smart devices have raised concerns about the data privacy of online users. This study predicts the consequences of perceived data privacy risks on consumer behaviours in Lagos State, Nigeria using the integrated Entropy-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). We employed Entropy to assign weights to each criterion. Subsequently, responses were systematically ranked to arrive at an inference using TOPSIS. 84.8% agree that any perceived cyber security threat or a breach in their data privacy would stop them from proceeding with the transaction or activity online, or the use of a digital product. Similarly, (86.7%), agree it is critical that online businesses only ask for customer information that is relevant to the use of the product or service. Thus, the findings indicate that the privacy paradox of enlightened online consumers tends to diminish when they are faced with perceived data privacy and cybersecurity risks.
SAIFI untuk Evaluasi Keandalan Sistem Distribusi Tenaga Listrik pada Jaringan Transmisi Menengah 20 KV
Authors: Febrianingrum Annisa Larasati , Pramono Subuh 
Published: July 2022

Jaringan Tegangan Menengah (JTM) merupakan sistem tenaga listrik antar gardu induk dan gardu distribusi dengan lingkup dari terminal keluar (out-going) pemutus tenaga hingga peralatan pemisah/proteksi sisi masuk (in-coming) tranformator distribusi 20kV. JTM sebagai sistem distribusi yang menyalurkan listrik dan berhubungan dengan pelanggan harus memperhatikan tingkat keandalannya yaitu dapat menyuplai tenaga listrik ke konsumen secara continue. Tingkat keandalan sistem distribusi dapat ditentukan dengan menghitung SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) yaitu indeks keandalan dari banyaknya frekuensi pemadaman. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dan analisis indeks keandalan berbasis sistem diperoleh hasil 10,89 kali/pelanggan/tahun dengan total energy not served (ENS) sebesar 57772 kWh, nilai ini menunjukkan keandalan sistem distribusi masih dibawah standar indeks SPLN 68-2:1986. Selanjutnya, diperlukan adanya analisis, evaluasi penyebab trip serta kebijakan anggaran sebagai upaya untuk menekan nilai SAIFI. Kegiatan preventif meliputi : inspeksi rutin, pemasangan isolasi kawat, serta memanfaatkan teknologi IoT, database dan GPS untuk digitalisasi sistem untuk keandalan sistem distribusi.
Kata Kunci: Jaringan tegangan menengah, Feeder, Trip, Keandalan, SAIFI.
Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas dan Kebakaran Dini Menggunakan NodeMCU Berbasis Telegram
Authors: Raditya Cokorda Gde Indra , Dharma Putu Adhitya Santika , Putra I Kadek Ardian Ananda , Sugirianta Ida Bagus Ketut , Purnama Ida Bagus Irawan 
Published: July 2022

The utilization of natural resources and energy is increasing day by day, one of which is the use of natural gas as fuel for both household and industrial needs. Safety aspects in the use of this gas must be considered because gas leaks can trigger fires. Therefore we need a tool that can detect and notify gas leaks as early as possible. This study proposes a gas leak detector based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller. This detection system uses the MQ-2 sensor as a detector of gas levels and a flame sensor as a detector of ultraviolet light as an indication of a fire. The resulting output is a notification message from the Telegram Bot sent via NodeMCU. In this case, the buzzer and LED will give a signal if the MQ-2 sensor detects gas levels above 500 ADC, then the NodeMCU will send a command to the Telegram Bot to send a notification message in real-time. In addition, the detected gas levels are also displayed on the 16x2 LCD screen. The experimental results show that the ideal distance to detect gas is under 6 cm and fire below 20 cm with a sensor response time of 2 seconds. The existence of this tool is expected to minimize the risk of fire due to gas leakage.
Keywords—fire, gas leak, NodeMCU, Telegram
Literature Review Metode Reduksi Harmonisa Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan pada Multilevel Inverter
Authors: Patrianaya Margayasa Wirsuyana Gede , Linawati Linawati , Bagus Gede Manuaba Ida , Sari Hartati Rukmi 
Published: July 2022

Multilevel Inverter (MLI) merupakan salah satu jenis inverter yang memiliki gelombang tegangan keluaran bertingkat. Meskipun lebih baik dari inverter konvensional, MLI yang beroperasi pada frekuensi rendah masih mengandung harmonisa orde rendah pada tegangan dan arus keluaran yang berdampak negatif pada sistem kelistrikan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, banyak peneliti telah mengembangkan berbagai teknik kontrol dan pada modulasi inverter untuk mengurangi harmonisa dan meminimalkan kerugian penyaklaran dengan tujuan mengoptimalkan efisiensi inverter. Selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation (SHEPWM) adalah kontrol paling optimal dari semua metode yang telah dikembangkan untuk menghilangkan harmonisa orde rendah dari tegangan keluaran inverter. Namun, ada tantangan dalam proses analisis MLI menggunakan SHEPWM karena penyelesaian persamaan yang sulit. Bio-inspired intelligent algorithms (BIA) digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah ini. Paper ini menjelaskan secara lengkap review dari berbagai penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya terkait dengan prinsip operasi sembilan jenis BIA dan aplikasinya dalam mereduksi harmonisa. Kesimpulan dibuat berdasarkan informasi yang diambil dari literatur. Semua informasi penting dalam paper ini mengenai reduksi harmonisa pada MLI akan membantu penelitian di masa depan untuk merancang sistem konversi daya yang efisien.
Kata Kunci— Bio-inspired algorithm, harmonisa, multilevel inverter, optimalisasi, selective harmonic elimination.
Perbandingan Face Recognition dan QR Code Dalam Sistem Absensi Menggunakan Geolocation Berbasis Mobile
Authors: Suniantara I Gusti Ngurah Gede Agung , Linawati Linawati , Manuaba Ida Bagus Gede 
Published: July 2022

Abstract— The development of increasingly sophisticated technology makes mobile devices become main alternative in managing life's affairs. Mobile device that offers services and computing is a smartphone. The sophistication of smartphone technology can be used to process attendance. Attendance system is a system that can record presence of each user, attendance system can be processed using several types of attendance including conventional attendance using a signature and digital attendance using Face Recognition and QR code. Processing attendance system, the geolocation feature can be used to find location. This study aims to explain and determine the best digital attendance method between Face Recognition and QR code using geolocation. Based on the explanation of previous research and comparing the Face Recognition and QR code methods in processing the attendance system, the results obtained that the QR code method is the best method for digital attendance because it has high accuracy and is easier to implement.
Key Words— Attendance System, Mobile Device, Geolocation, Face Recognition, QR code
Pembacaan Jarak dan Kecepatan dengan ArUco Marker pada Sistem Koper Follow Me Beroda
Authors: Triwahyudin Agus , Safitri Hari Kurnia , Fauziyah Mila 
Published: July 2022

Koper Follow Me Beroda merupakan robot otomatis yang dapat mengikuti perjalanan manusia untuk membawa barang dalam memenuhi keperluanya. Koper ini memiliki 2 mode; mode manual dan otomatis. Mode manual koper akan digunakan layaknya koper pada pada umumnya. Sedangkan mode otomatis, koper akan selalu mengikuti pemiliknya yang sudah memiliki tanda khusus (markers). Komponen utama sistem adalah kamera raspberry pi, raspberry pi 4, push button, buzzer, driver motor dan motor dc. Dengan melakukan image processing pada tanda khusus (markers) sehingga menghasilkan variabel jarak. Hasil pengolahan pembacaan variabel jarak akan diproses mejadi variabel kecepatan, sehingga range data error akan didapatkan. Penggunaan marker tipe ArUco Marker, pembatasan jarak pembacaan tanda khusus dengan jarak maksimal sejauh 2 meter yang sebisa mungkin stabil pada jarak 1 meter. Untuk mengantisipasi kegagalan pembacaan digunakan buzzer sebagai tanda bahwa Koper Follow Me telah jauh dari penggunanya. Pada hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan marker tipe ArUco Markers dihasilkan jarak minimal 74 mm, maksimal 2170 mm. Dengan tingkat error pembacaan paling kecil pada jarak 400 mm dan 1100 mm sedangkan untuk error pembacaan paling besar pada jarak 2000 mm dan untuk rata-rata error hasil pembacaan jarak sebesar 0,55 %.
Monitoring System Kecepatan dan Arah Angin Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) Menggunakan Raspberry Pi 3
Authors: Fernando Makmur , Jasa Lie , Hartati Rukmi Sari 
Published: July 2022

Angin merupakan udara yang bergerak akibat adanya perbedaan tekanan udara disuatu tempat. Potensi energi angin dapat diketahui berdasarkan kecepatan angin. Untuk mengetahui kecepatan dan arah angin dapat menggunakan alat ukur anemometer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem monitoring kecepatan dan arah angin, dimana pengukuran kecepatan angin terdiri dari satu sensor optocoupler FC-03, dan penentu arah angin terdiri dari delapan buah sensor medan magnet KY-003. Kedua sensor tersebut terhubung dengan Raspberry pi 3 sebagai pengolah data. Prototipe ini menggunakan tiang kayu sebagai penyangga sensor kecepatan dan arah angin dengan ukuran 40 x 15 cm serta alas untuk penempatan Raspberry pi dan display 16 x 2 dengan ukuran 15 x 30 cm. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menempatkan prototipe alat di lingkungan terbuka. Dari hasil pengujian kecepatan angin ini diperoleh kecepatan angin tercepat 368 rpm dan terendah 89 rpm. Pengujian arah angin dengan menggunakan magnet batang yang mampu mendeteksi 16 arah angin pada saat magnet batang mendeteksi duah buah sensor medan magnet. Data kecepatan dan arah angin yang tersimpan di database, dapat diakses pada web dan aplikasi Telegram secara real time serta pengiriman data nilai kecepatan dan arah angin berlangsung setiap satu menit.
Kata Kunci— Monitoring, Web, Raspberry pi, Real time
Desain dan Implementasi Kendali Digital Proportional-Integral pada Cuk Converter
Authors: Wibisono Arifin , Riyadi Slamet , Martanio Alvin 
Published: July 2022

Konverter DC-DC diperlukan dalam aplikasi industri untuk mengubah tegangan DC tetap menjadi tegangan DC variabel. Artikel ini berfokus tentang topologi cuk converter yang dapat beroperasi dalam mode penurun dan penaik tegangan (buck-boost) yang diatur melalui pengaturan modulasi lebar pulsa duty cycle dan dikontrol oleh mikrokontroler dsPIC33EP512MU810 dengan menerapkan metode kendali arus loop tertutup Proportional-Integral (PI) digital. Penggunaan metode kendali PI dianggap mampu meningkatkan respon waktu yang terjadi sehingga menghasilkan performa yang lebih optimal. Frekuensi yang diberikan oleh generator sinyal dimanfaatkan sebagai sinyal referensi untuk menginjeksi arus pada induktor (L1). Modul sensor arus HX-10P/SP2 berperan sebagai perangkat pengukur dan pembaca nilai arus aktual yang muncul melalui induktor. Selisih nilai arus referensi dan nilai aktual akan menghasilkan nilai sinyal error yang selanjutnya akan dijadikan sebagai acuan nilai perbandingan hasil sensor arus dengan metode kendali PI. Hasil simulasi pada PSIM, analisis pemodelan, implementasi perangkat dan grafik pengujian perangkat keras pada laboratorium telah dilakukan sebagai pembuktian parameter desain dan metode yang diusulkan dapat bekerja sesuai tujuan.
REKONSTRUKCIJA RASKRSNICE ULICA MAKSIMA GORKOG I MATIJE GUPCA U SUBOTICI
Authors: Staletović Nina , Šešlija Miloš Milan 
Published: July 2022

U radu su prikazane postojeće debiljine kolovozne konstrukcije i njen sastav posteljice utvrđene istražnom jamom, dimenzionisanje kolovozne konstrukcije gde je korišćena naponska deformacijska analiza, proces rekonstrukcije raskrsnice i izvršen je predmer i predračun radova.
Estimation of Missing Left Turning Movement For Intersections Traffic Volume Count
Authors: Hummody Mohammad Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

Intersection traffic volume count must be in of the accurate data, because it is a crucial in the calibration and validation of traffic demand models. It is process in a continuous manner done by the analyst, planner or designer. Many procedures were recently produced to estimate the intersection turning movement matrix. Sometimes, these procedures of traffic volume count may have unusual, unavailable or missing values especially for the left turn movement, which is more effective in capacity analysis. Typical four mathematical and statistical methods of estimating the missing left turn movement volume were developed for about twenty signalized intersections. The most significant one is the typical curve estimation method. It is a power curve and in a simple formula compared with several other imputation techniques. This method can be superior to substitute the other methods in estimating the intersection traffic volume matrices.