bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change
Authors: Allendorf Fred W. , Funk W. Chris , Aitken Sally N. , Byrne Margaret , Luikart Gordon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPopulations may respond to environmental changes through phenotypic plasticity, adaptation, or migration, or suffer demographic declines if they are unable to respond. Climate change is already causing shifts in species ranges, changes in phenotypes, and altered interspecific interactions. The capacity for a population to adapt to new conditions is a function of the amount of phenotypic variation for traits under selection, fecundity, and the rate of environmental change per generation. Several genomic approaches are available for predicting the extent of maladaptation of populations resulting from climate change based on the mismatch between genotypes and new climates. The conservation of populations that are threatened by rapid climate change may in some cases require management tools including assisted gene flow to facilitate adaptation, and greater connectivity of habitats to facilitate migration.
How fissors works: Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy as a probe of conformational change
Authors: Cina Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The theory and interpretation of femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS or fissors) are explored. This form of vibrational spectroscopy uses an ultrashort, electronically resonant launch pulse and concurrently arriving narrow-band Raman pump and broadband Raman probe pulses. FSRS provides information on relatively slow conformational motion though its anharmonic coupling to higher-frequency vibrations.
A selective kernel-based cycle-consistent generative adversarial network for unpaired low-dose CT denoising
Authors: Tan Chaoqun , Yang Mingming , You Zhisheng , Chen Hu , Zhang Yi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) denoising is an indispensable procedure in medical imaging field, which not only improve the image quality, but can mitigate the potential hazard to patients caused by routine-doses. Despite the improvement in performance of Cycle-consistent adversarial network (CycleGAN) due to the well-paired CT images shortage, there is still needs for further reducing image noise while retaining detailed features. Inspired by residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network (RED-CNN) and U-Net, we proposed a novel unsupervised model using CycleGAN for low-dose CT imaging, which injects two-sided network into Selective Kernel Networks (SK-NET) to adaptively select features, and uses patchGAN discriminator to generate CT images with more detailed maintenance, aided by added perceptual loss. Based on patch-based training, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed SKFCycleGAN outperforms competing methods in both clinical dataset and Mayo dataset. The main advantages of our method lie in noise suppression and edge preservation.
Building an extensible cell wall
Authors: Cosgrove Daniel J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article recounts, from my perspective of four decades in this field, evolving paradigms of primary cell wall structure and the mechanism of surface enlargement of growing cell walls. Updates of the structures, physical interactions, and roles of cellulose, xyloglucan, and pectins are presented. This leads to an example of how a conceptual depiction of wall structure can be translated into an explicit quantitative model based on molecular dynamics methods. Comparison of the model’s mechanical behavior with experimental results provides insights into the molecular basis of complex mechanical behaviors of primary cell wall and uncovers the dominant role of cellulose–cellulose interactions in forming a strong yet extensible network.
The Model of the Observation and Treatment Hospital, and the Debate on ‘Open’ Services in France at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: The Example of the Esquermes Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Derrien Marie 
Published: April 2022

Summary
The history of the French mental-hygiene movement has long been confined to the interwar period. It has focused on the role of Dr Édouard Toulouse, regarded as the founder of the country’s first open psychiatric unit. This article seeks to reposition this narrative in the long term by investigating the experiments conducted on the ground at the beginning of the twentieth century and, more particularly, the origin and operation of a little-known establishment, the psychiatric hospital at Esquermes in Lille, in the Nord department of France. Conceived in 1907, opened in 1912 and closed in 1944, this hospital remained on the margins of the mental-hygiene movement and has been largely forgotten by historians. Nevertheless, it marks an important stage in the French debate on so-called open services and, more generally, the reform of the legal regime governing the treatment of the mentally ill.
A U.S. Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Social Work’s Role in Racial Healing
Authors: Androff David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA U.S. truth and reconciliation commission (TRC) can advance racial justice by acknowledging the historical trauma tied to the United States’ legacy of slavery and subsequent racism. This truth telling can facilitate a national reckoning with the past and set the stage for social transformation. This article aims to present insights into how such a U.S. TRC might work. It begins by defining TRCs and exploring their theoretical foundation of restorative justice. It connects TRCs to aspects of social work practice, including human rights-based approaches, trauma-informed care, and community practice. Then each of a TRC's core functions is analyzed: truth seeking, reconciliation, education, and engagement. Related topics of healing, accountability, and reparations are also discussed. The article draws from a diverse range of global experiences to emphasize lessons learned. It also highlights where local precedents in the United States have started this work, which can be drawn upon and developed further. The article concludes by noting the limitations of TRCs and calling on social workers to advocate for such a TRC to further racial justice.
The Impact of Psychological Capital on Well-Being of Social Workers: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
Authors: Ho Henry C Y , Chan Ying Chuen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Social workers are often faced with long working hours, high job demands, and poor work–life balance, which can have detrimental effects on their well-being. It is therefore important to identify the protective factors that enable social workers to flourish and thrive. Psychological capital (PsyCap) is conceptualized as a higher-order core construct that encompasses hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism. This study aims to investigate the impact of PsyCap on social workers’ well-being and explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. It expands the literature by adopting a multifaceted model of well-being, accounting for the temporal order of variables, including a qualitative component, and examining the effects of PsyCap in an at-risk occupation. A two-wave prospective survey with a three-month interval was conducted with a sample of 400 full-time social workers in Hong Kong, followed by individual in-depth interviews. The quantitative results showed that PsyCap was positively associated with job satisfaction and positive affect, and negatively associated with negative affect and psychological and physical distress. The qualitative results showed that the components of PsyCap share problem-focused processes with cognitive, conative, and affective functions. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed in relation to the social services industry.
Speeding up spend distribution by charitable foundations in the pandemic context
Authors: Petraske Alana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article considers the international landscape for minimum distributions by charitable foundations. It will consider in particular that the pandemic has exacerbated existing pressures such as growing income inequality and will identify two distinct global approaches: the prescriptive distribution minimum favored by the USA, Canada and Australia, and the principles-based approach favored in the UK and elsewhere. It will look at the rise of language around ‘accelerating’ spend to avoid philanthropic ‘hoarding’ and will consider the role of foundation substitutes such as donor advised funds.
Guernsey foundations—how do they compare
Authors: Brehaut Donna , Kennedy-Smith Gilly 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wealthy families and individuals are increasingly in need of flexible and adaptable solutions for managing their wealth. Marking 10 years since the Foundations (Guernsey) Law, 2012 was introduced in Guernsey, Donna Brehaut from Saffery Champness and Gilly Kennedy-Smith from Mourant Law Firm examine the factors that make the Guernsey foundation an advantageous alternative, or complement, to other structuring solutions such as trusts. This article explores the distinctive characteristics of Guernsey foundations in comparison to other jurisdictions, including Jersey, the legal requirements and process for managing such a structure, along with how Guernsey foundations can assist in meeting the objectives of founders, ranging from holding non-standard assets, to succession planning.
Changes in the Lives of Individuals with a Stoma and Their Spouses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Baykara Zehra Göçmen , Eyikara Evrim , Hin Aysel Ören , Acarlar Hülya , Leventoğlu Sezai 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Individuals with a stoma and their spouses experience various changes with regard to their new life situation. The authors aimed to determine the changes caused by stoma creation in the lives of individuals with a stoma and their spouses.

METHODS
This study was carried out with individuals with a stoma (n = 15) and their spouses (n = 15) in a stoma therapy unit. Semistructured interviews were digitally audio recorded and transcribed. Inductive reasoning was used in the analysis of the qualitative data.

RESULTS
As a result of the data obtained from in-depth interviews, the authors identified three contexts, nine themes, and many subthemes (49 subthemes for individuals with a stoma and 30 subthemes for spouses). Most subthemes were expressed by both the individual with a stoma and his/her partner, showing that the feelings, thoughts, and difficulties experienced were often shared between spouses.

CONCLUSIONS
Ostomies change the lives of individuals and their spouses. These changes have mostly negative biopsychosocial effects. However, after stoma surgery, spouses strengthen their commitment to each other and better understand the value of being healthy.
Reimagining Faculty Development Deployment: A Multipronged, Pragmatic Approach to Improve Engagement
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Bergene Angela L. , Leep Hunderfund Andrea N. , Billings Heather A. 
Published: April 2022

Problem
Faculty at academic health centers have many competing demands on their time, leading to high work stress, burnout, and limited capacity to meaningfully improve their teaching, evaluation, feedback, and other education-related skills. Faculty development provides a useful mechanism to assist faculty in enhancing their knowledge and skills in these areas, but engaging faculty can be a challenge.

Approach
To promote engagement, the authors developed a multipronged, pragmatic approach to faculty development. They created: (1) brief videos leveraging micro-learning strategies; (2) prepackaged workshops for use during existing faculty meetings; (3) a newsletter to raise awareness of faculty development opportunities; (4) a searchable, web-based catalog to facilitate rapid retrieval of faculty development content; and (5) an academy to acknowledge engagement of individual faculty members, provide certificates, and promote a culture that prioritizes our education mission.

Outcomes
Since they launched the new approach in 2017, they have developed 41 microlearning videos, 15 prepackaged workshops, and 24 issues of the newsletter. Between January 2017 and May 2021, the videos generated more than 150,055 views; the workshops were downloaded 2,850 times; and the issues of the newsletter, emailed bimonthly to 3,500 members of the faculty, had an open rate that increased from 30% in 2017 to 70% in 2021. The Academy of Educational Excellence, which was launched in 2018, grew to more than 490 members. Preliminary feedback suggests faculty and education leaders are highly satisfied with the faculty development resources and approaches to engagement.

Next Steps
Next steps include obtaining more user satisfaction data and evaluating whether education-related knowledge and skills have improved among faculty participants.
Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Magnesium After Same-day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty Improve Postoperative Pain Relief and Decrease Opioid Consumption
Authors: Choi Jae W. , Lahori Anna , Merlo John A. , Gill Opinderjit , Ghoddoussi Farhad , Patel Kinjal M. , Desai Ronak G. , Hakim Joffer , Zatkoff Jason , Krishnan Sandeep 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Adequate pain management is a critical component of facilitating same-day discharge for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Adductor canal blocks (ACB) have been shown to be an effective technique for managing pain after TKA. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of adding magnesium to local anesthetic in ACB on postoperative pain, opioid consumption, nausea, and overall patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 119 adults undergoing elective unilateral TKA were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive ACB with magnesium and bupivacaine (n=56) or with bupivacaine only (n=63). Primary outcomes were total opioid consumption in the first 48 hours after surgery and pain scores. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of nausea in the first 48 hours after surgery and total overall satisfaction.

Results:
Opioid consumption decreased significantly in the Mg group compared with the no-Mg group over the first 24 hours (33.2±3.0 vs. 21.3±2.4, P=0.003), the second 24 hours (35.4±2.7 vs. 27.3±2.3, P=0.026), and the first 48 hours total after surgery (68.6±5.1 vs. 48.6±4.3, P=0.004). Pain scores were reduced in the Mg group (24 h: 5.1±2.3 vs. 3.5±2.0, P=0.000; 48 h: 5.1±1.6 vs. 3.9±1.6, P=0.000). Secondary outcomes showed no difference in the incidence of nausea over the first 48 hours and overall satisfaction.

Conclusion:
The addition of magnesium to local anesthetic in ACB decreases pain scores and opioid consumption, without increasing nausea, when compared with ACB with local anesthetic alone.
ACVR1-activating mutation causes neuropathic pain and sensory neuron hyperexcitability in humans
Authors: Yu Xiaobing , Ton Amy N. , Niu Zejun , Morales Blanca M. , Chen Jiadong , Braz Joao , Lai Michael H. , Barruet Emilie , Liu Hongju , Cheung Kin , Ali Syed , Chan Tea , Bigay Katherine , Ho Jennifer , Nikolli Ina , Hansberry Steven , Wentworth Kelly , Kriegstein Arnold , Basbaum Allan , Hsiao Edward C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Altered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is associated with many musculoskeletal diseases. However, it remains unknown whether BMP dysfunction has direct contribution to debilitating pain reported in many of these disorders. Here, we identified a novel neuropathic pain phenotype in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare autosomal-dominant musculoskeletal disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification. Ninety-seven percent of these patients carry an R206H gain-of-function point mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 (ACVR1R206H), which causes neofunction to Activin A and constitutively activates signaling through phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Although patients with FOP can harbor pathological lesions in the peripheral and central nervous system, their etiology and clinical impact are unclear. Quantitative sensory testing of patients with FOP revealed significant heat and mechanical pain hypersensitivity. Although there was no major effect of ACVR1R206H on differentiation and maturation of nociceptive sensory neurons (iSNs) derived from FOP induced pluripotent stem cells, both intracellular and extracellular electrophysiology analyses of the ACVR1R206H iSNs displayed ACVR1-dependent hyperexcitability, a hallmark of neuropathic pain. Consistent with this phenotype, we recorded enhanced responses of ACVR1R206H iSNs to TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists. Thus, activated ACVR1 signaling can modulate pain processing in humans and may represent a potential target for pain management in FOP and related BMP pathway diseases.
Long‐Term Functional Outcomes of an Anorectal Malformation French National Cohort
Authors: Schmitt Françoise , Scalabre Aurélien , Mure Pierre Yves , Borrione Claude , Lemelle Jean Louis , Sharma Dyuti , De Napoli Stéphan , Irtan Sabine , Levard Guillaume , Becmeur François , Buisson Philippe , Fourcade Laurent , Arnaud Alexis , De Vries Philine , Branchereau Sophie , Garignon Cynthia , Sauvat Frédérique , Kalfa Nicolas , Lardy Hubert , Jochault‐Ritz Sandy , Sapin Emmanuel , Coridon Hélène , Margaryan Marc , Pouzac Myriam , Carfagna Luana , Polimerol Marie Laurence , Varlet François , Sarnacki Sabine , Cretolle Célia , Podevin Guillaume 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:The present study aimed to assess long‐term functional outcomes of children with anorectal malformations (ARMs) across a network of expert centers in France.Methods:Retrospective cross‐sectional study of patients ages 6–30 years that had been surgically treated for ARM. Patient and ARM characteristics (eg, level, surgical approach) and functional outcomes were assessed in the different age groups.Results:Among 367 patients, there were 155 females (42.2%) and 212 males (57.8%), 188 (51.2%) cases with, and 179 (48.8%) higher forms without, perineal fistula. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses with logistic regression showed correlation between the level of the rectal blind pouch and voluntary bowel movements (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84 [1.31–2.57], P < 0.001), or soiling (OR = 1.72 [1.31–2.25], P < 0.001), which was also associated with the inability to discriminate between stool and gas (OR = 2.45 [1.28–4.67], P = 0.007) and the presence of constipation (OR = 2.97 [1.74–5.08], P < 0.001). Risk factors for constipation were sacral abnormalities [OR = 2.26 [1.23–4.25], P = 0.01) and surgical procedures without an abdominal approach (OR = 2.98 [1.29–6.87], P = 0.01). Only the holding of voluntary bowel movements and soiling rates improved with age.Conclusion:This cross‐sectional study confirms a strong association between anatomical status and functional outcomes in patients surgically treated for ARM. It specifically highlights the need for long‐term follow‐up of all patients to help them with supportive care.
Long‐Term Sebelipase Alfa Treatment in Children and Adults With Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency
Authors: Burton Barbara K. , Sanchez Alejandra Consuelo , Kostyleva Maria , Martins Ana Maria , Marulkar Sachin , Abel Florian , Barić Ivo 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:Sebelipase alfa is approved for treatment of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL‐D). This single‐arm, open‐label study (NCT02112994) evaluated sebelipase alfa efficacy and safety in patients with LAL‐D.Methods:Patients >8 months of age diagnosed with LAL‐D received sebelipase alfa 1.0 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every other week (qow) for up to 144 weeks. Dose escalation to 3.0 mg/kg qow and subsequently to 3.0 mg/kg weekly was permitted, per protocol; dose reductions for tolerability were permitted to 0.35 mg/kg qow. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted.Results:Thirty‐one patients were enrolled and treated. Baseline median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were 63.5 and 65.5 U/L, respectively. Twenty‐eight patients completed 96 weeks of treatment, and 25 continued into the extended treatment period; 19 completed 144 weeks. From baseline to week 144, median ALT and AST levels changed by −42.0 and −22.0 U/L, respectively, median liver and spleen volumes changed from 1.4 to 1.3 and from 2.6 to 2.3 multiples of normal, respectively, median low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased by 52.6 mg/dL, and median high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 9.8 mg/dL. Liver biopsies showed mostly improved or stable histopathology at 48 and 96 weeks versus baseline. Infusion‐associated reactions were mild (n = 1) or moderate (n = 2). One patient (a candidate for liver transplant at baseline) discontinued treatment because of liver transplant (unrelated to treatment). Two patients tested positive for nonneutralizing, anti‐drug antibodies on 1 occasion each.Conclusion:Sebelipase alfa was well tolerated and resulted in sustained improvements in liver and lipid parameters.
Perfusate Metabolomics Content and Expression of Tubular Transporters During Human Kidney Graft Preservation by Hypothermic Machine Perfusion
Authors: Faucher Quentin , Alarcan Hugo , Sauvage François-Ludovic , Forestier Lionel , Miquelestorena-Standley Elodie , Nadal-Desbarats Lydie , Arnion Hélène , Venhard Jean-Christophe , Brichart Nicolas , Bruyère Franck , Marquet Pierre , Barin-Le Guellec Chantal 
Published: April 2022

Background.
Ischemia-related injury during the preimplantation period impacts kidney graft outcome. Evaluating these lesions by a noninvasive approach before transplantation could help us to understand graft injury mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers predictive of graft outcomes. This study aims to determine the metabolomic content of graft perfusion fluids and its dependence on preservation time and to explore whether tubular transporters are possibly involved in metabolomics variations.

Methods.
Kidneys were stored on hypothermic perfusion machines. We evaluated the metabolomic profiles of perfusion fluids (n = 35) using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and studied the transcriptional expression of tubular transporters on preimplantation biopsies (n = 26), both collected at the end of graft perfusion. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to assess the impact of perfusion time on these parameters and their relationship with graft outcome.

Results.
Seventy-two metabolites were found in preservation fluids at the end of perfusion, of which 40% were already present in the native conservation solution. We observed an increase of 23 metabolites with a longer perfusion time and a decrease of 8. The predictive model for time-dependent variation of metabolomics content showed good performance (R2 = 76%, Q2 = 54%, accuracy = 41%, and permutation test significant). Perfusion time did not affect the mRNA expression of transporters. We found no correlation between metabolomics and transporters expression. Neither the metabolomics content nor transporter expression was predictive of graft outcome.

Conclusions.
Our results call for further studies, focusing on both intra- and extratissue metabolome, to investigate whether transporter alterations can explain the variations observed in the preimplantation period.