bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative assessment of flood susceptibility modelling of GIS-based TOPSIS, VIKOR and EDAS techniques in the Sub-Himalayan foothills region of Eastern India
Authors: Mitra Rajib , Das Jayanta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the Sub-Himalayan foothills region of eastern India, floods are considered the most powerful annually occurring natural disaster, which causes severe losses to the socio-economic life of the inhabitants. The present study tested three comprehensive and systematic MCDM techniques such as Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacijaik Ompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), and Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) in Koch Bihar district for comparative assessment of the flood susceptible zones. The 21 indicators, i.e., elevation, slope, drainage density, geomorphology, rainfall deviation, aspect, curvature, lineament density, lithology, long-term annual rainfall, land use land cover, modified fournier index, modified normalized difference water index, normalized difference vegetation index, roughness, soil, sediment transport index, stream power index, topographic positioning index, terrain ruggedness index, and topographic wetness index were considered as the essential flood conditioning parameters. The multicollinearity statistics were employed to erase the issues regarding highly correlated parameters (i.e., MFI and long-term annual rainfall). The Spearman's rank (rₛ) tests among the three models revealed that TOPSIS-EDAS persisted in a high correlation (rₛ = 0.714) in contrast to the relationships between VIKOR-EDAS (rₛ = 0.651) and TOPSIS-VIKOR (rₛ= 0.639). The model's efficiency was statistically judged by applying the Receiver Operating Characteristic-Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) techniques to recognize the better-suited models for mapping the flood susceptibility. The performance of all techniques is found good enough (ROC-AUC = > 0.700 and MAE, MSE and RMSE = < 0.300). However, TOPSIS and VIKOR have manifested an excellent outcome and are highly recommended for identifying flood susceptibility in such active flood-prone areas.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Hyaluronidase and Phospholipase a 2 Enzymes of Echis Ocellatus and Naja Nigricollis Snake Venoms
Authors: E. Egbe N. , Y. Dan V. M. , U. Hassan A. , Ozojiofor U. O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Issues related to snakebite has for long been of high economic and medical importance. Management and treatment of snake envenomation has always been an issue, especially in remote areas, where anti-snake venom and facilities for its storage are not available, coupled with the high specificity and instability of anti-venom. Venom enzymes are usually responsible for almost all the activity of snake venom after bite. This research was aimed at evaluation and characterization of Hyaluronidase and Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) Enzymes of Echis ocellatus and Naja nigricollis snake venoms. Isolation and purification of these enzymes were done using a two-step process which included gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, active fractions were applied to ion–exchange chromatography on DEAE (Diethylaminoethyl) cellulose. Individual active fractions of each venom, were then subjected to SDS–PAGE for molecular weight extrapolation. Enzyme characterization was done on the two isolated enzymes for the two snake venom used. N. nigricollis enzymes were revealed to have an optimum temperature of 35 oC and 55oC, while that of E. ocellatus had 37 oC and 40oC, with a pH of 3.5 and 8.0 for both the venom enzymes. Velocity kinetics carried out shows that N. nigricollis PLA2 has the highest Vmax value of 30.567mg/min, while E. ocellatus PLA2 however has the highest Km value of 4.5378mg/ml. Purification and characterization done in this research has revealed/confirmed that these venoms contains Hyaluronidase and PLA2 enzymes, giving a better perception on this enzymes which will aids in the management and treatment of snake envenomation from these snakes.
Neovascularization in the outer membrane of chronic subdural hematomas from the dural border cell layer of the dura mater
Authors: Kim Hyun , Choi Yoori , Lee Youngsun , Won Jae-Kyung , Lee Sung Ho , Suh Minseok , Lee Dong Soo , Kang Hyun-Seung , Cho Won-Sang , Cheon Gi Jeong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) are generally known to result from traumatic tears of bridging veins. However, the causes of repeat spontaneous cSDHs are still unclear. We investigated the changes in vasculature in the human dura mater and outer membrane (OM) of cSDHs to elucidate the cause of their spontaneous repetition. The dura mater was obtained from a normal control participant and a patient with repeat spontaneous cSDHs. The pathological samples from the patient included the dura mater and OM tightly adhered to the inner dura. The samples were analyzed with a particular focus on blood and lymphatic vessels by immunohistochemistry, 3-dimensional imaging using a transparent tissue clearing technique, and electron microscopy. The dural border cell (DBC) layer of the dura mater and OM were histologically indistinguishable. There were 5.9 times more blood vessels per unit volume of tissue in the DBC layer and OM in the patient than in the normal control. The DBC layer and OM contained pathological sinusoidal capillaries not observed in the normal tissue; these capillaries were connected to the middle meningeal arteries via penetrating arteries. In addition, marked lymphangiogenesis in the periosteal and meningeal layers was observed in the patient with cSDHs. Neovascularization in the OM seemed to originate from the DBC layer; this is a potential cause of repeat spontaneous cSDHs. Embolization of the meningeal arteries to interrupt the blood supply to pathological capillaries via penetrating arteries may be an effective treatment option.
Development and validation of the nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy
Authors: Wu Baorui , Wang Changming , Shen Deyun , Zhou Jing , Xiao Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate survival prediction in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is critical for clinical decision-making. The study aimed to build and validate a practical nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and assist to formulate clinical-decision for patients with MIBC.
Methods
The data of 5,474 MIBC patients who underwent radical cystectomy were included from the SEER database between 2004 and 2014. These patients were randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort with a 7:3 ratio. The nomogram for predicting the CSS was constructed on the basis of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare the survival patterns in the different subgroups. Finally, the model was assessed by the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), area under the curve (AUC) and calibration plot.
Results
A total of 5,474 patients diagnosed with MIBC were identified and randomized into training (n = 3,832) and validation (n = 1,642) cohort. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, race, T stage, N stage, tumor size, regional nodes positive and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors of CSS and were integrated to develop a nomogram for predicting prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curves showed all these variables could influence the prognosis of MIBC patients. The C-indexes of the nomogram were 0.698 (0.685–0.709) in training cohort and 0.685 (0.665–0.705) in validation cohort, respectively. The AUCs of the nomogram were 0.747 for 3-year survival, 0.75 for 5-year survival in the training cohort and 0.742 for 3-year survival, 0.739 for 5-year survival in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration plots also showed good performance. All the patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group based on our model, significant survival difference was also observed between high and low risk groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
We have created a nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival for MIBC patients underwent radical cystectomy, which may provide a reference for clinical decision-making of postoperative treatment and improve prognosis for individual patients.
Formation, Chemical Evolution, and Solidification of the Calcium Carbonate Dense Liquid Phase
Authors: De Yoreo James , Jin Biao , Chen Ying , Pyles Harley , Baer Marcel , Legg Ben , Wang Zheming , Washton Nancy , Mueller Karl , Baker David , Schenter Gregory , Mundy Chris 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nucleation is the seminal event in crystallization and predicting its progression is a key challenge across diverse scientific fields. Although classical nucleation theory successfully describes some systems, it fails to do so in a growing list of materials due to free energetic and kinetic complexities1. In particular, when systems are driven far from equilibrium, the high chemical potential opens pathways that pass through metastable polymorphs, amorphous states, and even dense liquid phases that can form absent the energy barrier normally opposing nucleation1-5. CaCO3 provides a canonical example6-8; following discovery of the CaCO3 “polymer-induced liquid precursor”9,10, which forms upon introduction of poly-ionic polymers10-12 like polyacrylic acid13,14, numerous studies have concluded that even pure CaCO3 possesses a dense liquid phase. This phase — likely stabilized by poly-ionic proteins15-19 — is proposed to serve as a precursor to biomineral formation15, transforming first to the amorphous phase and then to crystalline products3,20-22. Yet little is known about the mechanisms of CaCO3 dense liquid formation and solidification, its composition is unknown, and its relationship to the polymer-induced liquid-precursor remains unclear. Using in situ methods, we show that this phase forms by spinodal decomposition, is a bicarbonate comprised of 1Ca2+:2HCO3-:7±2H2O, and transforms to hollow particles of hydrated amorphous CaCO3 with the release of CO2 and H2O. Acidic proteins and polymers extend liquid phase lifetimes but leave this chemical pathway unchanged. Molecular simulations suggest the liquid phase forms via direct condensation of solvated Ca2+•(HCO3-)2 complexes that react due to proximity effects in the confinement of the liquid droplets. The findings provide an in-depth picture of CaCO3 nucleation via liquid-liquid phase separation, elucidating an often-proposed pathway by which nature orchestrates the complex process of biomineralization.
Nanoscale mapping of point defects with 4D-STEM
Authors: Minor Andrew , Mills Sean , Zeltmann Steven , Ercius Peter , Kohnert Aaron , Uberuaga Blas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Vacancies are missing atoms in a crystalline material, and occur both at equilibrium (varying with temperature) and out of equilibrium such as when crystalline materials are damaged with radiation or corrosion. While we know of their importance, particularly regarding diffusive mechanisms, it is not straightforward to experimentally measure their concentration or to visualize them directly. Traditionally, measurements such as positron annihilation spectroscopy and to some degree X-ray diffraction can measure average concentrations, but generally lack the ability to visualize or quantify a heterogenous concentration of vacancies that can occur at the level of individual defects and microstructural features. Here, we present a method to map vacancy concentrations and their distribution with 1 nm resolution. Our method utilizes a Au thin film as a model to demonstrate the method via four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) by correlating the differences between changes in lattice parameter and the volumetric thermal expansion during in situ heating experiments. The vacancy mapping methodology is also applied to non-equilibrium defects accumulated in pure Al via knock-on electron beam irradiation. Our method demonstrates the ability to map point defect concentrations in heterogeneous systems in situ with nanometer spatial resolution. The result is a technique that can provide direct measurements of vacancy concentrations at the level of individual defects in studies of materials in and out of equilibrium.
Accuracy of Different Electronic Apex Locators in Determination of Minimum Root Perforation Diameter
Authors: Koc Simay , Kuştarcı Alper , Er Kürşat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the ability of Raypex 6 (VDW, Munich, Germany), Propex Pixi (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) Dentaport ZX (J. Morita, Irvine, California, USA), Apex ID (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA), Propex II (PRO; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Dr.’s Finder NEO (Good Doctors, Incheon, Korea) to detect minimum root canal perforation diameter.Materials and Methods: One hundred single-rooted, extracted human teeth were artificially perforated by 5 burs in different diameters (1.25mm, 1.0mm, 0.75mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm) in 5mm above the apex. Twenty teeth were assigned to each group. The actual canal lengths (AL) were measured up to the perforation site, and then alginate mold was used to embed the teeth. A size 40 K-file was used to electronically measure the perforations by each electronic apex locator (EAL). The obtained AL measurements for each tooth were then subtracted from the electronic canal length (EL). A two-way ANOVA test was performed for the statistical analyses at a significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference was found among the EALs at 1.25 and 1.00 mm perforation diameters (p>.05). At the perforation diameter of 0.75 mm, a significant difference was found between Propex Pixi and Dentaport ZX (p <.05). None of the EALs were able to detect the perforation at diameters of 0.50 and 0.25 mm.Conclusion: Although all EALs used in our study were unable to detect perforations at diameters of 0.5mm and 0.25mm, they were highly successful in determination of simulated root perforations at diameters of 1.25mm, 1mm, 0.75mm. Clinical Relevance: Perforation detection is of utmost importance affecting long-term prognosis of endodontic treatment. This study investigated the accuracy of EALs in the detection of root perforations of different diameters.
Osteoporotic bone loss from excess iron accumulation is driven by NOX4-triggered ferroptosis in osteoblasts
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Aifei , Li Guangfei , Zhai Qiaocheng , Huang Zhengyun , Wang Xiao , Cao Zihou , Liu Lulin , Liu Gongwen , Chen Bin , Zhu Keyu , Xu Ying , Xu Youjia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Excess iron accumulation is a risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis, and ferroptosis is becoming well understood as iron-dependent form of cell death resulting from lipid peroxide accumulation. However, any pathological impacts of ferroptosis on osteoporosis remain unknown. Here, we show that ferroptosis is involved in excess-iron-induced bone loss and demonstrate that osteoporotic mice and humans have elevated skeletal accumulation of the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) enzyme. Mechanistically, we found that the NOX4 locus contains iron-response element-like (IRE-like) sequences that are normally bound (and repressed) by the iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) protein. Binding with iron induces dissociation of IRP1 from the IRE-like sequences and thereby activates NOX4 transcription. Elevated NOX4 increases lipid peroxide accumulation and causes obvious dysregulation of mitochondrial morphology and function in osteoblasts. Excitingly, the osteoporotic bone loss which we initially observed in an excessive-iron accumulating mouse line (Hepc1−/−) was blocked upon treatment with the ferroptosis-inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Ferr-1) and with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO), suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing osteoporotic bone loss based on disruption of ferroptosis.
Elemental, fatty acid, and protein composition of appendicoliths: Clues for understanding the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Prieto James M. , Wang Andrew W. , Halbach Jonathan , Cauvi David M. , M.D James , Gembicky Milan , Ghassemian Majid , Quehenberger Oswald , Kling Karen , Ignacio Romeo , DeMaio Antonio , Bickler Stephen W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Appendicoliths are commonly found obstructing the lumen of the appendix at the time of appendectomy. To identify factors that might contribute to their formation we investigated the composition of appendicoliths using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography, polarized light microscopy, X-ray crystallography, and protein mass spectroscopy. Forty-eight elements, 32 fatty acids, and 109 human proteins were identified within the appendicoliths. The most common elements found in appendicoliths are calcium and phosphorus, 11.0 + 6.0 and 8.2 + 4.2 % weight, respectively. Palmitic acid (29.7%) and stearate (21.3%) are the most common fatty acids. Some stearate is found in crystalline form—identifiable by polarized light microscopy and confirmable by X-ray crystallography. Appendicoliths have an increased ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids (ratio 22:1). Analysis of 16 proteins common to the appendicoliths analyzed showed antioxidant activity and neutrophil functions (e.g., activation and degranulation) to be the most highly enriched pathways. Considered together, these preliminary findings suggest oxidative stress may have a role in appendicolith formation. Further research is needed to determine how dietary factors such as omega-6 fatty acids and food additives, redox-active metals, and the intestinal microbiome interact with genetic factors to predispose to appendicolith formation.
Related factors and characteristics of malocclusion in preschool children aged 3–6 years
Authors: Otsugu Masatoshi , Sasaki Yumi , Mikasa Yusuke , Kadono Maika , Sasaki Hidekazu , Kato Takafumi , Nakano Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occlusal traits, oral habits, and nose and throat conditions by age and to assess the association between malocclusion and its environmental factors in preschool children.Materials and Methods: A total of 503 healthy children (258 boys and 245 girls aged 3–6 years) were recruited. Occlusal traits were assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Lip seal was recorded by an examiner, and oral habits (finger sucking, lip sucking or lip biting, nail biting, chin resting on a hand) and nose and throat conditions (tendency for nasal obstruction, allergic rhinitis, palatine tonsil hypertrophy) were assessed by a questionnaire completed by the parents. The prevalence of each item was calculated, and binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to malocclusion.Results: 62.0% of preschool children in the present study exhibited malocclusion, and 27.8% exhibited incompetent lip seal. Nail biting was the most frequent oral habit with a prevalence of 18.9%. Nasal obstruction was recorded in 30.4% of children. The results of binary logistic regression showed that incompetent lip seal was significantly related to malocclusion, and that nail biting was significantly negatively related.Conclusions: Incompetent lip seal is significantly associated with malocclusion, but nail biting may not necessarily be a deleterious habit for the occlusion in preschool children.Clinical Relevance: Malocclusion in early childhood is strongly affected by environmental factors.
Dynamic Distribution Strategy of Distributed Tasks Based on Limited Synchronous Parallel
Authors: Zhu Weibo , Xue Meiting , Xu Peiran , Zhang Jilin , Sun Chao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a distributed deep learning system based on mobile service computing, there may be differences in performance between computing nodes, which may be affected by the external environment, resulting in training interruption or low convergence speed. Therefore, in this study, we propose a strategy to dynamically adjust the number of tasks between computing nodes for a scenario in which node performance changes lead to the slow training of distributed deep learning systems. Based on this, we designed a distributed parallel computing strategy called weight-based load balancing (WLBS). The WLBS divides and adjusts the task volume of computing nodes through initial division and partial adjustment; thus, computing nodes with lagging performance can exert their maximum computing power under the premise of reducing the lag impact on the entire system training. Experiments show that in distributed deep learning model training, the WLBS can effectively reduce the model training time while ensuring the accuracy of the model.
Modified Emden type Oscillator Equations with Exact Harmonic Solutions
Authors: YESSOUFOU Akim Boukola , ADJAÏ Kolawolé Kêgnidé Damien , AKANDE Jean , MONSIA Marc Delphin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper is devoted to investigating the existence of exact harmonic solutions and limit cycles of certain modified Emden type equations. The exact and general solutions obtained are in opposition to the predictions of classical existence theorems.