bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Red Mite Control with Growth Regulators in Pears, 1989
Authors: Fouche F. , Van Steenwyk R. A. , Vogel G. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The trial was conducted on 20-yr-old 'Bartlett' pear trees in a commercial orchard near Walnut Grove, Calif. Fifteen treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with replications consisting of a single tree. Treatments were applied as a dilute spray in 400 gal of water with a handgun operating at 100 psi on 26 Jun and 300 psi on 29 Jul as ERM populations began to increase. There was one buffer tree between each experimental tree. The test trees and buffer trees were treated on 20 Jul with Sevin 80 S at 3.2 lb (AI)/ac for crop maintenance. Control was evaluated by brushing 25 leaves/tree and counting the active mite stages under magnification weekly from 19 Jun through 4 Sep.
Insect and Mite Control, 1989
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 33-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays by handgun and hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi at 370 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 2 Jun (petal fall [PF]), 11 Jun (first cover [IC]), 23 Jun (second cover [2C]), 9 Jul (third cover [3C]), 24 Jul (fourth cover [4C]), 7 Aug (fifth cover [5C]), and 20 Aug (sixth cover [6C]), as noted in the table. The standard pesticide program consisted of Manzate 200 80 W (0.8-1.5 lb/100 gal) on 6 dates, Nova 40 W (1.5-2.0 oz) on 5 dates, and Captan 80 W (1.2 lb) on 2 dates. There were no mixtures of insecticides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used with 2 'Red Delicious', 1 'McIntosh' and 1 'Cortland' cultivars. Except for test trees, the orchard was not sprayed with insecticides or acaricides. On 29 Aug, about 410 apples were picked from 4 trees of each treatment and examined on 9 Sep for external egg punctures (AM), egg-laying scars (PC), and typical feeding injuries (CM and LAW). ERM were counted on 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Early Jun was very wet, but late Jun and all of Jul were very dry. Summer temperatures were normal.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Aphids on Raspberry, 1989
Authors: Rajotte E. G. , Travis J. W. , Rytter J. , Rebarchak G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Rock Springs Research Farm. The study was laid out as a completely randomized design with 7 treatments each, replicated 4 times. Treatments consisted of 5 plants, spaced 3 feet apart. Data were obtained from samples taken from the center section of plots. The number of aphids were counted on each of 5 canes per crown, 3 crowns for each plot. On 16 Jun, sprays were applied using a CO2 Precision Boom Sprayer that delivered 72 gal/acre at 35 psi as a dilute spray. The spray boom was equipped with twin fan nozzles (T.J. 60-1104 vs). On 18 Jul, sprays were applied using a Meyers Boom Sprayer that was adjusted to deliver 72 gal/acre as a dilute spray. Treatments in parentheses were applied previously on 25 May.
Control of Green Scale in Coffee, 1988
Authors: Reimer Neil J. , Yasuda George 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of 4 insecticides was tested against GS at Kona, Hawaii. The sprays were applied on 20 Feb to individual trees until dripping with a hand-held bottle sprayer. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Scale densities were recorded from 4 young fully developed leaves near the terminal of each tree. The number of GS were counted for each sampled leaf. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.
Rust Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1988
Authors: Victor French J. , Villarreal J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nomolt and Diaract, alone and tank mixed with NR 440 oil, were compared to Agri-Mek + NR 440 oil and Vendex for efficacy against the citrus rust mite. Treatments were randomly assigned to 4-tree plots and replicated 3 times in a 15-yr-old grapefruit orchard on a 24 ft × 24 ft spacing. Each plot was buffered by an adjacent tree row on either side left unsprayed to minimize cross-contamination of treatments. Treatments were applied on 16 May and reapplied on 13 July using a Hardie Super 40 air blast sprayer with nozzeling, pressure (140 psi) and speed adjusted to apply 250 gal/acre. At each sample date 20 fruit/replicate (5 fruit/tree) were randomly selected and examined in situ for CRM with a 10X handlens. All live CRM were counted in 2, 1-cm2 lens fields on the shaded side of each fruit. CRM feeding damage (% russet) was assessed on fruit (rom test trees at harvest. Sixteen fruit were randomly selected from each tree (64/replicate) and rated for mite damage. Fruit with a 50% surface russet was downgraded and marketable as US #2 fresh or usable only for processing.
Citrus Rust Mite Summer Control, 1989
Authors: Knapp J. L. , Anderson H. E. , Appelboom T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various petroleum oil sprays were applied to randomized 0.67 acre plots replicated 4 times. Trees were 30+ yr old and 20+ ft in height. Treatments were applied in various amounts of water (see table) with a Southwind pto airblast sprayer on 10-14 Jul. During the 3 d of application, temperatures ranged from a low of 80°F to a higher of 96°F. RH ranged from 54% to 79%. Winds during spraying were generally less than 5 mph. Rain fell during the night twice during this period. Twenty-five fruit were examined around the canopy of 4 trees in each replicate for a total of 16 trees/treatment. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides/fruit. The 2 fruit counts were combined, averaged, and recorded as one observation.
Citrus Rust Mite Summer Control, 1989
Authors: Knapp J. L. , Anderson H. E. , Appelboom T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to randomized 2 acre plots. One 0.5 acre plot was left untreated. The trees were mostly 10 to 15-yr-old in the 6 to 8 ft height range with a few older 15 ft trees scattered throughout. Treatments were applied with 2 Durand-Wayland airblast sprayers equipped with sonar “Tree-See” nozzle controls on 26 Jul in 250 gal water/acre. Spray water pH was 7.6, each Kelthane treatment included 1 pt Triton 44M buffer, lowering final tank mix to pH 7.0. The Vendex 4L and 1 Ethion treatment included 4 lb cupric hydroxide/acre for greasy spot control. All other treatments included 10 gal FC-435-66 citrus spray oil for greasy spot control. At the beginning of the application, the temperature was 82°F, the RH 83% and the winds calm. By the end of the application, the temperature was 92°F. The RH was 68% and the winds were 0-3 mph. About 1 hr after the application was completed, a light shower passed over. Twenty-five fruit were examined around the canopy of 2 randomly selected trees in each of 4 plots for a total of 8 trees/treatment. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides/fruit. The 2 fruit counts were combined, averaged, and recorded as one observation.
Citrus Rust Mite Summer Control, 1989
Authors: Knapp J. L. , Anderson H. E. , Appelboom T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to randomized 3 acre plots (air) and 2 acre plots (ground). The trees were 25+ yr-old and 12-15 ft tall. Aerial treatments were applied with AG CAT spray plane equipped with a micronair spray system boom and nozzles at 15 GPA. Flight path was above the tree row. Ground treatments were applied with an FMC airblast sprayer with sonar “Tree-See” sensors in 250 gal/acre. One half-acre plot was left unsprayed. During aerial applications, temperatures ranged from 74° to 81°F, RH was about 90%, and winds less than 2 mph. During ground applications, temperatures ranged from 75° to 89°F, RH went from 88% to 72%, and winds less than 4 mph. No rain occurred during or immediately after either application. Twenty-five fruit were examined around the canopy of 2 randomly selected trees in each of 4 subplots for a total of 8 trees/treatment. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides/fruit. The 2 fruit counts were combined, averaged, and recorded as one observation. All treatments including the untreated check received 2 lbs/A metallic copper for greasy spot control.
Citrus Rust Mite Summer Control, 1989
Authors: Knapp J. L. , Anderson H. E. , Appelboom T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to randomized 2 acre plots. One 0.5 acre plot was left untreated. The trees were top worked Valencia mostly in the 5 to 7 ft height range with some in the 12-15 ft range. The temperature during spraying was from 79° to 87°F and the RH was 87% to 74%. The winds were less than 4 mph and there was no rain during or immediately after application. Treatments were applied with an Air-O-Fan pto airblast sprayer on 1 Aug in 250 gal/acre. The spray water pH was 8.3. All treatments included 2 lbs/A metallic copper for greasy spot control. Twenty-five fruit were examined around the canopy of 2 randomly selected trees in each of 4 subplots for a total of 8 trees/treatment. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides/fruit. The 2 fruit counts were combined, averaged, and recorded as one observation.
Timing Lorsban Applications for California Red Scale Control, 1988
Authors: Walker G. P. , O’Connell N. V. , Aitken D. C. G. , Smith D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experiment with 10 single-tree replicates and 7 treatments was conducted in a field of mature “Old Line Washington” navel orange trees in Field 63 at the University of California Lindcove Field Station, Exeter, California. Each experimental tree was surrounded on all 4 sides by untreated border trees. Trees were assigned to 10 blocks of 7 trees each based on their pre-treatment infestation level of CRS, so that the 7 trees within each block had similar pre-treatment infestations of CRS. Each of the 7 trees in each block then was assigned randomly to a treatment so that each treatment was represented once in every block. Six treatments were different application dates for Lorsban 4E at a dilution of 3/4 pt/100 gal. It was our original intention to apply all treatments in an identical manner, but our spray rig broke down half way through the experiment, and we had to use an alternate spray rig which was probably less effective than the first rig for obtaining good spray coverage. For this reason, results were compared only among treatments that were applied with the same spray rig. Applications by spray rig #1 were made at 460°520 psi and ca. 17-18 gal/tree and were applied with hand-held spray guns from both ground and tower (ca. 15-20 ft up) positions. Applications by spray rig #2 were made at 470 psi at ca. 19 gal/tree and were applied by hand-held spray guns from the ground only. The seventh treatment was an untreated control. The level of infestation of red scale in the plots was assessed once pre-treatment (Mar-Apr) and twice post-treatment (Dec, Mar 1989). In all 3 evaluations, 75 twigs (ca. 1-2 yr old, ca. 9 inch long)/tree were examined in situ and scored for the presence/absence of live CRS (only adult females were counted in the post-treatment evaluations while any stage except first instar was counted in the pre-treatment evaluation). In both post-treatment evaluations, up to 100 fruit/tree (100 were not always available, averages were 75 and 87 fruit/tree in the first and second post-treatment counts, respectively), were scored in situ as being infested with 0, 1°10, or &gt;10 live or dead CRS (any stage). Infested fruit were categorized into those with more or less than 10 CRS/fruit because fruit generally are downgraded in the packinghouse when infested with approximately 10 or more scale. Also, both live and dead CRS are included in fruit evaluations because scaly fruit are downgraded in the packinghouse regardless of whether the scale are live or dead. Therefore, counts of live and dead CRS on fruit were used to assess how well a treatment protected the fruit from becoming infested and downgraded while counts of live CRS on twigs were used to assess how well a treatment suppressed population growth. During the 3.5 month period that encompassed all the application dates, red scale phenology was monitored weekly with pheromone traps and crawler traps.
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1989
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three miticides were evaluated for control of the PLSM on pecan. The study was conducted at the LSU Pecan Research-Extension Station, Robson, LA on 54 yr old ‘Stuart’ pecan trees. Plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design consisting of 3 blocks, with one tree/treatment/block. Pretreatment counts were made on 17 Aug. Applications of foliar applied materials were made on 18 Aug using an FMC 957 CPD speed sprayer calibrated to deliver 32 gal of finished spray/tree (288 gal/acre). Posttreatment counts were made 7, 14, and 21 d after treatments were applied. Sampling consisted of counting the number of mites (adults plus larvae) and mite eggs on 10 pair of leaflets on each tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Spring Cabbage, 1989
Authors: Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 15 Apr into plots consisting of 2 single-row beds spaced 36 inch apart with each treated plot separated by an unplanted bed. Transplants were spaced 12 inches between plants within each row and fertilized at recommended levels and irrigated as needed through a trickle system. Insecticides were applied on 28 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 2 HC-12 nozzles/row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 35 gal/acre at 2 mph using 57 psi. Insecticide efficacy was assessed by counting cabbage looper larvae and eggs, and diamondback moth larvae on 10 randomly chosen plants/plot. Counts were made 1 day before treatment and at 3, 7, 11 and 17 days after treatment (DAT).
Cabbage Pest Control in South Texas, Test 1, 1988
Authors: Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was direct seeded to plots (2 beds wide, 40 ft long) on 8 Sep. Experimental design was a RCB with 11 treatments and 4 replicates. Applications of insecticides were made with a tractor-mounted sprayer operated at 60 psi, and with 2 TX4 hollow cone nozzles/bed with an output of 30 gal/acre. Applications were made on 21 and 28 Oct and 15 Nov. Surveys of DBM, CL and BAW larvae were made 3 DAT from 3 plants/plot. Ten BAW larvae from a lab culture were caged on 2 plants/plot in plots with all treatments except 1 and 9 on 28 Oct and surveyed for mortality on 31 Oct. Visual ratings of damaged cabbage heads were made on 18 Nov based on 10 plants/plot.
Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1989
Authors: Jansson R. K. , Lecrone S. H. , Hernandez J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 1 Feb ‘89. Plants were spaced 1 ft apart within rows and 30 inches apart between rows on 72 inch center beds. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 40 ft long. A 10-ft long section of nontreated plants separated replicates; treatments within a replicate were separated by one nontreated bed and a 6 ft alleyway. Applications were made on 3, 10, 16, 23, and 31 Mar and 11, 20, and 28 Apr using a tractor-mounted single-bed boom sprayer that operated at 250 psi and delivered 100 gal/acre through 5 D-4, #24 disc type cone nozzles at 3 mph. All treatments were applied in water. The numbers of small, medium, and large larvae and pupae of diamondback moth (DBM), parasitized DBM pupae, small, medium, and large larvae of beet armyworm (BAW), and small and large larvae of cabbage budworm (CBW) were recorded on 8 plants/replicate, on 7 dates. Foliage injury was rated on 24 plants/replicate using a scale from 1°6 (1 = no apparent insect feeding, 6 = severe damage to head and wrapper leaves). Percentages of marketable heads were determined for each of 2 quality levels, ratings ⁤ 2 and ⁤ 3.
Reduction of Fruit Damage, 1989
Authors: Cartwright B. , Bolte John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diazinon 14 G was tested at the rate of 28 lb/acre for preventing damage to cantaloupe fruit by cucumber beetle larvae. A single application of diazinon using electrically driven Gandy boxes was made on 21 Jun at the time plots were direct seeded. Granules were distributed in a 3 ft band over row centers on the soil surface and lightly incorporated with a heavy chain. Plots consisted of 2 rows, 3 ft apart planted on 12 ft centers, each 300 ft long using 2 replications. Efficacy was evaluated by checking 50 fruit/plot 1 wk prior to 1st harvest for damage by cucumber beetle larvae or the presence of larvae. Damage was categorized on a 1-5 scale with 1 = no damage, 2 = slight (1-3 feeding holes), 3 = moderate (4-8 feeding holes), 4 = heavy (8-12 feeding holes) and 5 = extremely heavy (&gt;12 feeding holes). Because of postharvest rots associated with damaged melons, ratings of 2 or more are considered unmarketable. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with p = 0.05.
Wireworm Control, Currituck County, 1989
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pungo' potatoes were planted 4 Apr near Powells Point, N.C. Three row plots, 6.1 m long and 1.06 m apart were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were applied using shaker jars to broadcast the material or place it in the furrow before planting. DZN AG500 was applied over the row with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a flat fan nozzle (80 04 E) operating at 40 psi to deliver 61.3 liter/ha. Broadcast materials were incorporated to a depth of 5 cm with a hand rake. Potatoes from the middle row of the plots were harvested 25 Jul, yields recorded, and the amount of wireworm-damaged tubers was recorded by weight and number of tubers. If at least 25 tubers were not found, potatoes from one of the other rows of a plot were harvested and evaluated.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Biological and Synthetic Insecticides, Pasquotank County, 1989
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Su perior' potatoes were planted near Weeksville, N.C. Single row plots, 6 . 1 B long with rows 1.06 m apart were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied using a COa pressurized sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18 X) operating at 60 psi to apply 119.2 liter/ha. Treatments were applied 16 May (all) and 24 May (M-One, Trident and Trident II). Visual estimates of foliar damage and/or insect counts were made 23 May and 1 Jun. Larvae were counted on 3 hills/plot. Small larvae were assumed to be 1st and 2nd instars, and large 3rd and 4th.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1990
Authors: Zehnder G. W. , Speese J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 17 Apr at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, Va. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft row bordered on each side by an untreated row. Potatoes were planted with 10 inch plant and 36 inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 70 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made weekly beginning 11 May through 25 Jun. Ambush 2 EC [0.10 lb (AI) acre] was applied on treatments 1-6 and 19-23 on 11 May to control CPB adults.
Sweetpotato Whitefly Management on Fresh Market Tomatoes in Southwest Florida, Fall 1988
Authors: Schuster David J. , Pitts Don J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 12 Sep, 15 inches apart on raised beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 3-20 ft long rows on 6-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete blocks design and were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer on 30 Sep, 9, 18, 25 Oct, 10, 16, 25 Nov, 3, 7, 9, 15, 20 and 23 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 150 psi and treated all 3 rows simultaneously. The gallonage was increased as the plants grew by increasing the no. of nozzles/row. Thus, the sprayer delivered 50 gal/acre the first 3 sprays (2 nozzles/row), 65 gal/acre the fourth spray (4 nozzles) and 100 gal/acre for the remaining sprays (8 nozzles). Each nozzle was fitted with D-3 disks and #25 cores. On 4 Nov, the treatments were applied with a hand held sprayer operated at 65-75 psi and 50 gal/acre. The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of ten stems from the middle row of each plot on 23 Nov, 16 and 27 Dec. The numbers of crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae were counted. A sample of about 25 lb of mature green fruit were harvested on 19 Dec. Fruit were exposed to about 100 ppm of ethylene at 70°F and 90% RH for 4-5 d. After about another week, fruit were rated 1-4 for increasing severity of external symptoms of irregular ripening (Irr). This disorder is associated with high populations of the sweetpotato whitefly and is characterized by inhibited or incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of the fruit.
Evaluation of the Insect Growth Regulator, Teflubenzuron, for Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall 1989
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 8 Sep, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 3-20 ft long rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer on 2, 11, 16, 23, 30 Oct, 6, 14, 20, 27 Nov and 4 Dec. The gallonage was increased as the plants grew by increasing the no. of nozzles/row and application pressure and by changing disks and cores. Thus, the sprayer delivered 50 gal/acre the first 3 sprays (4 nozzles/row, 130 psi, D-4 disks, #25 cores), 85 gal/acre the next 3 sprays (6 nozzles, 200 psi, D-3 disks, #25 cores), and 100 gpa for the remaining sprays (8 nozzles, 200 psi, D-3 disks, #23 cores). The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of 10 stems from the middle row of each plot on 8 Nov and 7 Dec. The numbers of sessile nymphs and pupae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 8 Dec and the fruit counted and weighed. Samples of 50 fruit from each plot were held at room temperature in paper bags and the number of fruit exhibiting external symptoms of irregular ripening (IRR) determined as the fruit ripened. This disorder is associated with high populations of the sweetpotato whitefly and is characterized by inhibited or incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of fruit.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri (Southern), 1989
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Arne C. N. , Becker S. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on a 3-yr-old alfalfa stand at the University of Missouri Wurdack Farm located near Cook Station in Crawford county. Treatments were applied 20 Apr using tractor mounted spray equipment calibrated to deliver 16.5 gal/acre at 20 psi using 8002 Teejet flat-fan nozzles. Plots measuring 20 × 20 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insect collections were taken at pretreatment and 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT with 10 pendulum sweeps with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The alfalfa was 11 inches tall at time of treatment. Rain fell on 3 d during the study and totaled 2.0 inches. Data were transformed by X + 0.5 for analysis, but means of actual counts are used in the table.