bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Disruption of the Gut Microbiota Enhances the Murine Hepatic Dysfunction Associated With a High-Salt Diet
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Li Mengjie , Cui Bo , Chen Xiao 
Published: February 2022

Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that antibiotic exposure is related to metabolic malfunctions, such as obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Liver impairment and hypertrophy of adipose cells are related to high salt consumption. This research aims to investigated the physiological mechanism of a high salt diet (HSD) enhanced antibiotic-induced hepatic injury and mitochondrial abnormalities in mice. The mice were fed a HSD with or without penicillin G (PEN) for 8 weeks and the gut metabolome, untargeted faecal metabolomics, and intestinal function were evaluated. The results revealed that HSD, PEN and their combination (HSPEN) significantly changed the gut microbial community. HSPEN mice exhibited more opportunistic pathogens (such as Klebsiella and Morganella) and reduced probiotic species (including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). The main variations in the faecal metabolites of the HSPEN group were identified, including those connected with entero-hepatic circulation (including bile acids), tryptophan metabolism (i.e., indole derivatives) and lipid metabolism (e.g., erucic acid). Furthermore, increased intestinal permeability and immunologic response caused greater hepatic damage in the HSPEN group compared to the other groups. These findings may have important implications for public health.
Luteinizing Hormone Suppression by Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation Is Associated With Higher Implantation Rate for Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Who Underwent in vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: Comparing With Short Protocol
Authors: Chen Chen , Yu Sha , Yu Weina , Yan Zhiguang , Jin Wei , Si Jiqiang , Li Menghui , Cai Renfei , Li Dongying , Wang Li , Chen Qiuju , Kuang Yanping , Lyu Qifeng , Long Hui 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMany studies have demonstrated the positive clinical value of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who underwent assisted reproductive technology. However, the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon remain unclear. We conducted a retrospective observational study to compare the clinical outcomes of women with PCOS who underwent PPOS or the short protocol to identify possible factors that influence the outcome.MethodsThis study included 304 patients who underwent PPOS and 152 patients who underwent short protocol from April 2014 to July 2019 after propensity-score matching. Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) dose, hormone profile, embryo development, and clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles were compared. The primary outcome measure was the implantation rate. Logistic regression was performed to identify contributing factors, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the cutoff of luteinizing hormone (LH) difference ratio in clinical outcomes.ResultsCompared with the short protocol, PPOS resulted in a higher implantation rate (43.4% vs. 31.9%, P &lt; 0.05), clinical pregnancy rate (61.8% vs. 47.4%, P &lt; 0.05), and live birth rate (48.4% vs. 36.8%, P &lt; 0.05). Similar fertilization, cleavage, and valid embryo rate per oocyte retrieved between groups were observed. The LH difference ratio was positively associated with implantation rate [P = 0.027, odds ratio (OR) = 1.861, 95% CI: 1.074–3.226]. The relationship between the LH difference ratio with clinical outcomes was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and comparisons among patients grouped by the LH difference ratio.ConclusionThe implantation rate was associated with the LH difference ratio during ovary stimulation in patients with PCOS. Our results provide the explanation why PPOS shows the positive clinical outcomes for patients with PCOS.
The Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in Urban and Rural China, 2013–2018
Authors: Wu Jinjing , KC Samir , Luy Marc 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundGender differences in mortality are embedded within mortality transitions. Rural residents generally lag behind their urban counterparts in the transitions. The study objective is to identify major causes of death that drive gender differences in mortality in urban and rural China.MethodsWe use age-, gender-, urban-rural- and cause-specific mortality data (2013–2018) derived from the national mortality surveillance system that covered about 24% of the Chinese population. We apply Arriaga's method to decompose age- and cause-specific contributions to the gender gap in life expectancy at birth. Analyses are stratified by urban-rural residence.ResultsWomen had a higher life expectancy at birth than men in both urban and rural areas. Cancers, cardiovascular disease, external causes, and respiratory disease accounted for more than 90% of the gender gap in both areas during 2013–2018. In urban areas, the gender gap decreased from 5.17 years in 2013–2015 to 4.98 years in 2016–2018. In rural areas, the gender gap stayed rather constant (2013–2015: 5.68 years; 2016–2018: 5.65 years). Traffic accidents, among external causes, contributed the most to decreasing the gender gap (urban: −0.07 years; rural: −0.10 years), especially in the 0–44 age group. However, the decrease in the gender gap was counteracted by an increase in the gender gap attributable to ischemic heart disease (urban: +0.05 years; rural: +0.08 years) and lung cancer (urban: +0.02 years; rural: +0.05 years) in older age groups. The gender gap attributable either to cerebrovascular disease or to chronic lower respiratory disease decreased in urban areas but increased in rural areas.ConclusionsThe urban-rural variations in the cause-specific contributions to the gender gap in China suggest the necessity of implementing urban-rural-specific interventions to improve population health and health equity.
HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infection Among Warao Indigenous Refugees in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for Public Health in Times of Increasing Migration
Authors: Abreu Isabella Nogueira , Lopes Felipe Teixeira , Lima Carlos Neandro Cordeiro , Barbosa Alexandre do Nascimento , Oliveira Lehi Rodrigues de , Fujishima Mayumi Aragão , Freitas Felipe Bonfim , Santos Mike Barbosa dos , Lima Vitor Nina de , Cayres-Vallinoto Izaura M. V. , Castelo-Branco Socorro , Silva Hilton P. da , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHuman T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection is endemic in indigenous populations of the Americas. We describe herein the prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection among Warao indigenous refugees from Venezuela living in Belém, Pará, Brazil.MethodsIn total, 101 individuals of both sexes (43 men and 58 women) between 18 and 77 years of age were investigated. Blood samples were collected and separated into plasma and leukocytes. Serological screening was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Murex HTLV-I+II, DiaSorin, Dartford, UK), and seropositive samples were submitted to proviral DNA extraction followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A nested PCR of the env region (630 bp) followed by enzymatic digestion with XhoI was performed to identify the molecular subtype of HTLV-2, in addition to sequencing analysis of the 5'LTR-I and 5′-LTR-II regions.ResultsOf the 101 individuals analyzed, 3 (3.0%) were seropositive. Molecular analysis of the pol and tax genes confirmed the HTLV-1 infection in a 55-year-old woman and HTLV-2 infection in a man (68 years old) and a woman (23 years old). HTLV-2 strains were defined by enzymatic digestion as belonging to the HTLV-2b subtype. The sequencing of the 5′LTR regions confirmed the presence of subtype 2b and identified HTLV-1 as belonging to subtype 1A (Cosmopolitan) and the Transcontinental subgroup. Among the infected patients, it was possible to conduct medical interviews with two individuals after delivery of the result. One patient with HTLV-2 reported symptoms such as joint pain, foot swelling, frequent headache, dizziness and lower back pain. The HTLV-1-positive woman was diagnosed with a tumor, dementia, urinary incontinence, felt body pain, and had spots on her body. The presence of the HTLV-2b subtype highlights the prevalence of this molecular variant among indigenous South Americans, as well as the presence of HTLV-1 Transcontinental, which has a worldwide distribution.ConclusionThese results reveal a high prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among Warao immigrants, suggesting migratory flow as a virus spread mechanism among human populations and alert public authorities to the need to create epidemiological surveillance programs, public social and health policies aimed at welcoming immigrants in the Brazilian territory.
Non-intubated Thoracoscopic Surgery-Tips and Tricks From Anesthesiological Aspects: A Mini Review
Authors: Fabo Csongor , Oszlanyi Adam , Lantos Judit , Rarosi Ferenc , Horvath Theodor , Barta Zsanett , Nemeth Tibor , Szabo Zsolt 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIn the last few decades, surgical techniques have been developed in thoracic surgery, and minimally invasive strategies such as multi-and uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) have become more favorable even for major pulmonary resections. With this surgical evolution, the aesthetic approach has also changed, and a paradigm shift has occurred. The traditional conception of general anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and intubation has been re-evaluated, and spontaneous breathing plays a central role in our practice by performing non-intubated thoracoscopic surgeries (NITS-VATS).MethodsWe performed a computerized search of the medical literature (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus) to identify relevant articles in non-intubated thoracoscopic surgery using the following terms [(non-intubated) OR (non-intubated) OR (awake) OR (tubeless) OR (regional anesthesia)] AND [(VATS) OR (NIVATS)], as well as their Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms.ResultsBased on the outcomes of the reviewed literature and our practice, it seems that pathophysiological concerns can be overcome by proper surgical and anesthetic management. All risks are compensated by the advantageous physiological changes that result in better patient outcomes. With the maintenance of spontaneous breathing, the incidence of potential adverse effects of mechanical ventilation, such as ventilator-induced lung injury and consequent postoperative pulmonary complications, can be reduced. The avoidance of muscle relaxants also results in the maintenance of contraction of the dependent hemidiaphragm and lower airway pressure levels, which may lead to better ventilation-perfusion matching. These techniques can be challenging for surgeons as well as for anesthetists; hence, a good knowledge of physiological and pathophysiological changes, clear inclusion and exclusion and intraoperative conversion criteria, and good communication between team members are essential.ConclusionNITS-VATS seems to be a feasible and safe method in selected patients with evolving importance as a part of the minimally invasive surgical and anesthetic conception and has a role in reducing perioperative complications, which is crucial in the thoracic surgical patient population.
Characterization of Residual Stresses and Grain Structure in Hot Forging of GH4169
Authors: Wang Zibiao , Hou Guangsha , Zhao Yang , Sun Jianfei , Guo Jiangzhen , Chen Wuyi 
Published: February 2022

Residual stresses (RS) in hot forging severely degrade the machining accuracy and stability of super alloy parts. This is the main reason for deformation during subsequent mechanical machining. RS need recognition, as well as the microstructure and properties achieved by forging. In this study, a simulation and experimental research on the single-pass compression of GH4169 are presented. RS variations with forging temperature, loading speed, and cooling speed are established by finite element (FE) simulation. Based on the FE results, an experiment is conducted at a temperature of 1020 ℃, loading speed of 25 mm/s, and press amount of 16 mm, immediately followed by water cooling. A new layer-stripping method is put forward for the high-efficiency measurement and correction of interior RS. Compared with the traditional strain gauge layer-stripping method, the measurement efficiency of the new layer-stripping method is increased by 10 times. Meanwhile, grain photographs are collected and grain size evolution is summarized; thus, the RS is characterized and evaluated from the angle of grains. It is demonstrated that the RS level rises with the increase in forging temperature, loading speed, and cooling speed, while the cooling method influences both the stress value and distribution. Compressive RS changes to tensile, while the average grain size reduces from the surfaces to the center. In the compressive regions, stress values share the same rules as grain size, while, in the tensile regions, they are contrary. The RS levels are divided according to the grain degree standard. According to the residual stress and grain distribution law of the blank, the optimal position of the part in the blank can be determined. Compared with the center position of the part in the blank, the residual stress of the part is reduced by 70%. The results provide useful strategies for the better design of forging technology, qualification examinations, and subsequent mechanical machining.
NRF2-Dependent Placental Effects Vary by Sex and Dose following Gestational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles
Authors: Behlen Jonathan C. , Lau Carmen H. , Pendleton Drew , Li Yixin , Hoffmann Aline Rodrigues , Golding Michael C. , Zhang Renyi , Johnson Natalie M. 
Published: February 2022

Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs, PM0.1) during pregnancy triggers placental oxidative stress and inflammation, similar to fine PM (PM2.5). The Nrf2 gene encodes a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is a major regulator of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Disruption of NRF2 is known to substantially enhance PM2.5-driven oxidant and inflammatory responses; however, specific responses to UFP exposure, especially during critical windows of susceptibility such as pregnancy, are not fully characterized; To investigate the role of NRF2 in regulating maternal antioxidant defenses and placental responses to UFP exposure, wildtype (WT) and Nrf2−/− pregnant mice were exposed to either low dose (LD, 100 µg/m3) or high dose (HD, 500 µg/m3) UFP mixture or filtered air (FA, control) throughout gestation; Nrf2−/− HD-exposed female offspring exhibited significantly reduced fetal and placental weights. Placental morphology changes appeared most pronounced in Nrf2−/− LD-exposed offspring of both sexes. Glutathione (GSH) redox analysis revealed significant increases in the GSH/GSSG ratio (reduced/oxidized) in WT female placental tissue exposed to HD in comparison with Nrf2−/− HD-exposed mice. The expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (Il1β, Tnfα) was significantly increased in Nrf2−/− placentas from male and female offspring across all exposure groups. Genes related to bile acid metabolism and transport were differentially altered in Nrf2−/− mice across sex and exposure groups. Notably, the group with the most marked phenotypic effects (Nrf2−/− HD-exposed females) corresponded to significantly higher placental Apoa1 and Apob expression suggesting a link between placental lipid transport and NRF2 in response to high dose UFP exposure; Disruption of NRF2 exacerbates adverse developmental outcomes in response to high dose UFP exposure in female offspring. Morphological effects in placenta from male and female offspring exposed to low dose UFPs also signify the importance of NRF2 in maternal–fetal response to UFPs.
Phytosociology and Vegetation of Plants of Beit Jibrin in Palestine
Authors: Ighbareyeh Jehad Mahmoud Hussein , Cano-Ortiz Ana , Cano Eusebio 
Published: February 2022

This paper describes a study on the vegetation and floristics of the territory of Beit Jibrin in Palestine, in areas such as Forest the Snabreh (Qasa), Khallet Mahmoud and Khallet AL-Taweel, among others. In view of the lack of studies on the phytosociology and communities of plants in the south-west of Palestine, as this region represents a unique diversity of plants, and the addition of these plants to Mediterranean Basin region plants, we conducted this study to identify and describe the plants of this region. Beit Jibrin is an ancient Canaanite Palestinian city that belongs to inframediterranean and thermomediterranean thermotypes, as well as arid, semi-arid and dry ombrotypes. This area is very important floristically, with a high rate of endemism: of the 290 species documented, 37 of them (12.75%) were endemic to the region. Vegetation was sampled on twelve representative plots (releves) and analyzed using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological analysis method. Two communities of forest maquis, macchie and steppe vegetation were found. Forest vegetation were represented by the Cupresso sempervirentis–Pinetum halepensis ass. nova. association, in the class of Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex. A. and O. Bolòs 1950, the order of Pinetalia halepensis, Biondi et al. (2014), and a new alliance: Cupresso sempervirentis–Pinus halepensis; forests maquis vegetation as the association of Pistacio lentisci—Quercetum calliprini ass. nova., with the suggested new class of Quercetea calliprini or palaestini in addition to Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex. A. and O. Bolòs 1950 and the order of Quercetalia calliprini (Zohary 1960), with an alliance of Quercion calliprini (Zohary 1960). These were adapted in arid, semi-arid, dry and sub-humid ombrotypes, as well as infra- and thermotropical to mesomediterranean thermotypes, with many different types of soils, such as limestone, brown ruinsenas, terra rossa and others.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN APPLYING SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN RECOUNT TEXT AT SMP N 1 PANGARIBUAN
Authors: Pakpahan Herawati 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Recount text is a kind of text in english that tell about a story, actions or event which use simple past tense. Meanwhile, simple past tense is an event that happen in past, the characteristic of simple past tense is using verb 2. Students’ability are a condition to determine students skill in applying simple past tense in recount tense. The aim of this research were to analyzed the students’ ability in applying simple past tense in recount text. This research performed at eight grade in Smp N 1 Pangaribuan. Researcher used qualitative research designs. The data was collected by test, and questionnaire. Based on students test result, the average score of 20 students at eight grade in Smp N 1 Pangaribuan was 55,4. The data from questionnaire showed that 11 from 20 students couldn’t remember the pattern of simple past tense. 12 from 20 students didn’t know about simple past tense or couldn’t make sentence in simple past form. 15 from 20 students couldn’t remember verb in simple past, 12 from 20 students thought that recount text was difficult. And 17 from 20 students couldn’t write recount text correctly.
Keywords : Students’ Ability, Simple Past Tense, Recount Text
MORAL VALUE AND CHARACTER BUILDING EDUCATION IN BATAK TOBA’S BATU GANTUNG
Authors: Tampubolon Mentary indrayana , Simbolon Rointan friska , Br Sitepu Dessy natalia , purba Febrianti atalia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This research was Conducted by using Library Research Method. Based on the problem of the study above, the objective of the study are to find out the moral values found in the Batak Toba’s Batu gantung folklore and to find out the moral values found in Batak Toba’s Batu Gantung applied in Students’ character building. In this research, the writer used qualitative method because this study focuses on the evaluation or interpretation of the written fabric in context.
Materials can encompass textbooks, newspapers, magazines, papers, films, manuscripts, articles, and many others. To achieve easiness of this study and to reply the research problem, after the data have been collected, then the creator analyzed them systematically. After analyzing the folklore, the researcher found some moral lessons and character building education such as; kindness,compassion, courage, enthusiasm, justice, responsibility, and caring.
Keywords: moral value, batu gantung folklore, character building
Figurative languages in novel: A comparative study between Layla Majnun and Romeo and Juliet Novels
Authors: Samosir Rebekka Basa Natalia , Simanjuntak Theresia Marini , Lumban Batu Katri Helen , Zai Kristiani Dewi , S.S., M.Hum., Fachri Yunanda, 
Published: February 2022

Abstract :
Layla Majnun is one of the works of Nizami and Romeo and Juliet is one of the works of William Shakespeare. both novels are romance tradegy novels. Romance tragedy novels usually use a lot of figurative language to beautify the language. This study aims to describe some of the types of figurative language in the novel Layla Majnun, to describe some of the types of figurative language in the novel Romeo and Juliet, to describe the comparison of the types of figurative languages found in novel Layla Majnun and novel Romeo and Juliet. The data obtained for this study are qualitative data. This means, the data are not in the forms of numeric. The data were discourse, such as dialogues, descriptions, ideas or perspectives. The main data of the study are taken from the tragedy novels. The collected data are mostly in the forms of discourse and dialogues taken from the novels as the writers of the novels often apply figurative languages to express their ideas. There are several figurative languages in the discourse and dialogues obtained from the novels which could be interpreted by using Pragmatics theory to identify the meaning behind them. The results of this study indicate that there are similarities and differences in figurative languages in the two novels. The similarities between the two novels are Personification, Metaphore, Hyperbole, and Simile. The differences between the two novels are: Parable, Embodiment, Cynicism, Repetitive, and Irony.
Keywords : Figurative Language, Comparative Study, Layla Majnun Novel, Romeo and Juliet Novel.
Analysis of Open-Source Solution for Point of Sales Inventory Management System
Authors: Marico Joxel , Purnama James , Galinium Maulahikmah 
Published: February 2022

Package other popular food distributor businesses. To gain advantage, they used newest Point of Sales (POS) for their business. POS allows user mood to do transaction between buyer and cashier, manage stock, etc. Unfortunately after several months, their business closed down, because the newest POS is not designed for their food distributor. ,The purpose of this research is to understand how POS would affect the business and why POS is valuable and important for business. The goal of this research is to find out which POS is suitable for both small and large business. There are four open-source POS to be analyzed, which are Odoo, E-hopper, Loyverse and Aronium. fOr Comparing Open Source software Evaluation Methods (FOCOSEM) is used to compare their features. In conclusion, only one shop. If the business owner wants to open another shop at different location but he/ she wants to keep track another shop, E-hopper or Loyverse is recommended. If the business owner wants to use mobile devices for easy setup, Loyverse is recommended. If the business owner prefers using PC, then E-hopper is recommended. For business owner who is conducting export and import then Odoo is recommended.