bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merry Christmas and a “Healthy” New Year
Authors: Waterschoot Joachim , Morbée Sofie , Van den Bergh Omer , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Background: In November 2020, many European governments imposed severe limitations on social contacts and festive gatherings to avoid a further outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: At the moment when it was still unclear whether Christmas gatherings would be allowed, the present vignette study was conducted to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios varying in restrictiveness (i.e., 1, 2, 4, or an unlimited number of visitors). Method: In total, 5,756 Belgian participants (65.7% female; Mage = 45.6, range: 18–89) evaluated each scenario in terms of the perceived strictness, probability of adherence, and expected psychological advantages (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, pleasure) and disadvantages (i.e., concerns). Results: Evidence for a curvilinear pattern was found, such that the expected psychological benefits increased with an increasing number of allowed visitors till 4, with this effect being reversed in case of an unlimited gathering. Yet, these main effects were qualified: Older adults, those living together, and those scoring high on risk perception and autonomous motivation to adhere to the corona measures expected the more restrictive scenarios to be equally beneficial compared to the more relaxed scenarios. Limitations: Limitations are self-selection of the sample, no counterbalancing of the scenario’s and the vignette-based methodology. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that people’s risk perception and autonomous motivation are key to secure and stimulate the acceptance of life-restricting measures.
Modeling Gravity‐Driven Unstable Flow in Subcritical Water‐Repellent Soils With a Time‐Dependent Contact Angle
Authors: Wang Zhongfu , Wallach Rony 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnstable flow in homogeneous dry soils, including saturation overshoot, is associated with a nonzero soil‐water contact angle (CA); 1D and 2D models for such flow, based on the moving‐boundary concept, were recently developed, solved, and verified for a constant high CA. However, in many natural soils rendered water‐repellent by natural organic matter, the CA decreases with time to a value that enables water infiltration. Thus, a mathematical model that includes the effect of time‐dependent CA on water‐content distribution and flow in the soil profile is developed in this study. This model, which also uses the moving‐boundary approach, simulates the effect of time‐dependent CA on unstable infiltration patterns. Comparison with a constant CA sheds light on the time‐dependent CA's influence on the aforementioned parameters. The 1D simulations indicate that a higher rate of CA decrease induces a higher wetting‐front velocity and shorter saturation‐overshoot length than a constant CA. However, due to flux imbalance at the wetting front for specific decreasing CA rates, the wetting‐front velocity first increases, and then decreases to an equilibrium value. The 2D simulations show that a time‐dependent CA significantly reduces water‐content accumulation at the finger tip. Moreover, a faster rate of decreasing CA results in a broader and longer plume shape, the latter being more pronounced. Effects of incoming flux at the soil surface and initial time‐dependent CA are also detailed for 1D and 2D flow. This theoretical study demonstrates that a time‐dependent CA significantly influences the formation of saturation overshoot and further impacts unstable flow generation.
Ionospheric Density Oscillations Associated With Recurrent Prompt Penetration Electric Fields During the Space Weather Event of 4 November 2021 Over the East‐Asian Sector
Authors: Singh Ram , Lee Y. S. , Song S. M. , Kim Y. H. , Yun J. Y. , Sripathi S. , Rajesh B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe found the signatures of the multiple prompt penetration electric fields and the disturbance dynamo electric field having impacts on the East Asian sector ionosphere along the meridional chain thoroughly from the equator, low‐mid to high latitudes during the space weather event of 3–5 November 2021. The observation is made on global positioning system‐total electron content (GPS‐TEC), digisonde, and magnetometer stations. In the main phase of the storm, intense modulations of vertical total electron content (VTEC) and critical frequency (foF2) are observed as coherently fluctuating with interplanetary electric field (IEF) and IMF Bz reorientations. It is diagnosed that the oscillations in the disturbance polar current 2 (DP2) current system directly penetrate meridianally from high to equatorial latitudes, leading to the significant changes in ionospheric electrodynamics that governs the density fluctuations. The wavelet spectra of VTEC, foF2, h’F (virtual height), H‐components and IEF give a result of common and dominant periodicity occurring at ∼1 hr. This result suggests that the wavelike oscillations of VTEC and foF2 and H component are associated with prompt penetration electric fields.
Properties of AKR‐Like Emissions Recorded by the Low Altitude Satellite DEMETER During 6.5 Years
Authors: Parrot M. , Němec F. , Santolík O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNormally, auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) which is emitted in the auroral zones escapes from the Earth. But since a few decades very similar radiations are observed by ground‐based receivers and by satellites at altitudes below the AKR generation area. They are called leaked AKR or AKR‐like emissions because it is expected that there are linked to AKR. This paper deals with observations of such AKR‐like emissions observed in the auroral zones (in the North and in the South) by the low‐altitude satellite DEMETER. In total, 2,526 events have been recorded during 6.5 years. These events are not very rare as they occur at least 2% of the time. Although this data set has a severe flaw due to a latitudinal constraint, it was possible to draw interesting properties of these emissions. In fact they are very similar to usual AKR observed at much higher altitudes during auroral activities (the same frequency range, magnetic local time (MLT) sector, and invariant latitude). The main difference concerns a strong asymmetry between the Northern and the Southern hemispheres: (a) the number of AKR‐like emissions in the Northern hemisphere is 32% larger than in the Southern hemisphere but this percentage decreases when the auroral activity increases, and (b) there is an important seasonal effect because the number of events decreases during the winter season both in the North and in the South.
Insolation and CO2 Impacts on the Spatial Differences of the MIS‐9 and MIS‐11 Climate Between Monsoonal China and Central Asia
Authors: Lu Hao , Yin Qiuzhen , Wu Zhipeng , Shi Feng , Hao Qingzhen , Xia Dunsheng , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn the Chinese Loess Plateau, the development of the paleosol S3 that was formed during the MIS‐9 interglacial is weaker than some other paleosol units such as the S4 soil that was formed during the MIS‐11 interglacial, suggesting relatively drier climate condition during MIS‐9. By contrast, in Tajikistan of southern central Asia, the S3 is the most developed soil over the past 800 ka, indicating relatively warm and humid climate conditions. The difference in the paleosol formation and the MIS‐9 climate between monsoonal China and central Asia is intriguing. In this study, we combine loess records from monsoonal China and central Asia as well as climate simulation results to understand the spatial difference of the MIS‐9 climate in particular in comparison with the climate of MIS‐11. Our results show that under the combined effects of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and insolation, the simulated effective moisture conditions between northern China and southern central Asia are consistent with the loess records. Insolation leads to much more annual mean precipitation than GHG during MIS‐9 in southern central Asia, explaining a much wetter MIS‐9 there. By contrast, both insolation and GHG lead to more annual mean precipitation and evaporation during MIS‐9 in northern China, leading only to a slight difference in the effective moisture between MIS‐9 and MIS‐11. In addition, compared to MIS‐11, the higher insolation and GHG concentration during MIS‐9 generate an anomalous atmospheric circulation pattern similar to negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation, favoring precipitation increase in southern central Asia.
Potential Impact of GNSS Positioning Errors on the Satellite‐Navigation‐Based Air Traffic Management
Authors: Xue Dabin , Yang Jian , Liu Zhizhao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe traditional air traffic management (ATM) is transforming to the Communication, Navigation, Surveillance/ATM, which relies on accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) navigation service, particularly during the final approach and landing phases. However, in the event of adverse space weather, there may be a significant increase in total electron contents (TECs) and irregularities in the ionosphere, which may cause considerable GNSS positioning errors. As a result, the aircraft navigation mode has to be switched from satellite navigation to ground navigation, which will reduce the airport acceptance rate and cause an imbalance between flight demands and airport capacity. The ATM authority will have to make tactical measures to remedy the problem, such as flight rescheduling and even cancellations. Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is one of the busiest airports in the world and Hong Kong, located in the equatorial ionosphere anomaly region, is prone to impacts of space weather. Thus, we have created a hypothesis scenario in this study by analyzing projected flight data from the HKIA during a simulated geomagnetic storm. Calculation results show that without an ionospheric delay forecast, the potential financial costs related to airlines due to flight delays, cancellations, and diversions could be over 2 million Euros. These costs decrease with an increased lead time of ionospheric delay forecast and the inaccurate ionospheric delay forecast can also result in significant extra costs. We also estimate the time cost of flight delays to passengers can be between 1.7 and 3.0 million Euros.
Relative sea-level data preclude major late Holocene ice-mass change in Pine Island Bay
Authors: Braddock Scott , Hall Brenda L. , Johnson Joanne S. , Balco Greg , Spoth Meghan , Whitehouse Pippa L. , Campbell Seth , Goehring Brent M. , Rood Dylan H. , Woodward John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers together dominate present-day ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and are implicated in runaway deglaciation scenarios. Knowledge of whether these glaciers were substantially smaller in the mid-Holocene and subsequently recovered to their present extents is important for assessing whether current ice recession is irreversible. Here we reconstruct relative sea-level change from radiocarbon-dated raised beaches at sites immediately seawards of these glaciers, allowing us to examine the response of the earth to loading and unloading of ice in the Amundsen Sea region. We find that relative sea level fell steadily over the past 5.5 kyr without rate changes that would characterize large-scale ice re-expansion. Moreover, current bedrock uplift rates are an order of magnitude greater than the rate of long-term relative sea-level fall, suggesting a change in regional crustal unloading and implying that the present deglaciation may be unprecedented in the past ~5.5 kyr. While we cannot preclude minor grounding-line fluctuations, our data are explained most easily by early Holocene deglaciation followed by relatively stable ice positions until recent times and imply that Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers have not been substantially smaller than present during the past 5.5 kyr.
A single sensor controls large variations in zinc quotas in a marine cyanobacterium
Authors: Mikhaylina Alevtina , Ksibe Amira Z. , Wilkinson Rachael C. , Smith Darbi , Marks Eleanor , Coverdale James P. C. , Fülöp Vilmos , Scanlan David J. , Blindauer Claudia A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMarine cyanobacteria are critical players in global nutrient cycles that crucially depend on trace metals in metalloenzymes, including zinc for CO2 fixation and phosphorus acquisition. How strains proliferating in the vast oligotrophic ocean gyres thrive at ultra-low zinc concentrations is currently unknown. Using Synechococcus sp. WH8102 as a model we show that its zinc-sensor protein Zur differs from all other known bacterial Zur proteins in overall structure and the location of its sensory zinc site. Uniquely, Synechococcus Zur activates metallothionein gene expression, which supports cellular zinc quotas spanning two orders of magnitude. Thus, a single zinc sensor facilitates growth across pico- to micromolar zinc concentrations with the bonus of banking this precious resource. The resultant ability to grow well at both ultra-low and excess zinc, together with overall lower zinc requirements, likely contribute to the broad ecological distribution of Synechococcus across the global oceans.
Air humidity and annual oscillations in 90Sr/90Y and 60Co decay rate measurements
Authors: Pommé S. , Pelczar K. , Kajan I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkhomov published decay rate measurements of 90Sr/90Y and 60Co beta decay sources with Geiger–Müller counters which showed annual cyclic deviations with less than 0.2% amplitude from a purely exponential slope. He investigated instrument instability induced by environmental parameters, yet did not find a clear coincidence with local temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity. Parkhomov hypothesised that gravitationally-focussed ‘slow’ cosmic neutrinos influenced beta decay. In the current work, environmental conditions in the Moscow area at the time of the experiment are presented. There appears to be a resemblance of the shape of the annual 90Sr/90Y decay rate anomalies with the inverse of the absolute air humidity, albeit with an apparent time shift of 0.05–0.15 year. Humidity may have influenced the range of beta particles in air, as well as geometric and electronic properties of the detection set-up, however causality could not be unambiguously demonstrated. The instabilities in the 60Co data were more difficult to correlate with environmental data, except for some similarities with temperature and external dew point.
Stabilization of CDK6 by ribosomal protein uS7, a target protein of the natural product fucoxanthinol
Authors: Iizumi Yosuke , Sowa Yoshihiro , Goi Wakana , Aono Yuichi , Watanabe Motoki , Kurumida Yoichi , Kameda Tomoshi , Akaji Kenichi , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Sakai Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the cell cycle, which is important for cell proliferation and development. Cyclins bind to and activate CDKs, which then drive the cell cycle. The expression of cyclins periodically changes throughout the cell cycle, while that of CDKs remains constant. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the constant expression of CDKs, we search for compounds that alter their expression and discover that the natural product fucoxanthinol downregulates CDK2, 4, and 6 expression. We then develop a method to immobilize a compound with a hydroxyl group onto FG beads®and identify human ribosomal protein uS7 (also known as ribosomal protein S5) as the major fucoxanthinol-binding protein using the beads and mass spectrometry. The knockdown of uS7 induces G1 cell cycle arrest with the downregulation of CDK6 in colon cancer cells. CDK6, but not CDK2 or CDK4, is degraded by the depletion of uS7, and we furthermore find that uS7 directly binds to CDK6. Fucoxanthinol decreases uS7 at the protein level in colon cancer cells. By identifying the binding proteins of a natural product, the present study reveals that ribosomal protein uS7 may contribute to the constant expression of CDK6 via a direct interaction.
Limited nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment renders pancreatic tumors sensitive to allosteric IDH1 inhibitors
Authors: Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Cassel Joel , Mohammed Farheen S. , Zarei Mehrdad , Hue Jonathan J. , Hajihassani Omid , Graor Hallie J. , Srikanth Yellamelli V. V. , Karim Saadia A. , Abbas Ata , Prendergast Erin , Chen Vanessa , Katayama Erryk S. , Dukleska Katerina , Khokhar Imran , Andren Anthony , Zhang Li , Wu Chunying , Erokwu Bernadette , Flask Chris A. , Zarei Mahsa , Wang Rui , Rothermel Luke D. , Romani Andrea M. P. , Bowers Jessica , Getts Robert , Tatsuoka Curtis , Morton Jennifer P. , Bederman Ilya , Brunengraber Henri , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Salvino Joseph M. , Brody Jonathan R. , Winter Jordan M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNutrient-deprived conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrain cancer cell viability due to increased free radicals and reduced energy production. In pancreatic cancer cells a cytosolic metabolic enzyme, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (wtIDH1), enables adaptation to these conditions. Under nutrient starvation, wtIDH1 oxidizes isocitrate to generate α-ketoglutarate (αKG) for anaplerosis and NADPH to support antioxidant defense. In this study, we show that allosteric inhibitors of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) are potent wtIDH1 inhibitors under conditions present in the TME. We demonstrate that low magnesium levels facilitate allosteric inhibition of wtIDH1, which is lethal to cancer cells when nutrients are limited. Furthermore, the Food & Drug Administration (FDA)-approved mIDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (AG-120) dramatically inhibited tumor growth in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, highlighting this approach as a potential therapeutic strategy against wild-type IDH1 cancers.
South African dust contribution to the high southern latitudes and East Antarctica during interglacial stages
Authors: Gili Stefania , Vanderstraeten Aubry , Chaput Amélie , King James , Gaiero Diego M. , Delmonte Barbara , Vallelonga Paul , Formenti Paola , Di Biagio Claudia , Cazanau Mathieu , Pangui Edouard , Doussin Jean-François , Mattielli Nadine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMineral dust is a natural tracer of atmospheric composition and climate variability. Yet, there is still much to be known about the Southern Hemisphere dust cycle. Major efforts have attempted to solve the puzzle of the origin of the potential source areas contributing dust to the Southern Ocean and East Antarctica. Here we present a comprehensive geochemical characterization of a source area, whose role as a dust supplier to high latitude environments has significantly been underestimated. Sediments collected within the major dust-producing areas along the Namibian coast in Southern Africa (Kuiseb, Omaruru and Huab river catchments and the Namib Sand Sea region), were analyzed for radiogenic isotope ratios and rare earth element concentrations. We find that during warm periods, the Southern African dust signature can be found in archives of the Southern Hemisphere, especially in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and peripheral areas of the East Antarctic plateau.
The emerging roles of deubiquitinases in plant proteostasis
Authors: Skelly Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Proper regulation of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for all organisms to survive. A diverse range of post-translational modifications (PTMs) allow precise control of protein abundance, function and cellular localisation. In eukaryotic cells, ubiquitination is a widespread, essential PTM that regulates most, if not all cellular processes. Ubiquitin is added to target proteins via a well-defined enzymatic cascade involving a range of conjugating enzymes and ligases, while its removal is catalysed by a class of enzymes known as deubiquitinases (DUBs). Many human diseases have now been linked to DUB dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of these enzymes in maintaining cellular function. These findings have led to a recent explosion in studying the structure, molecular mechanisms and physiology of DUBs in mammalian systems. Plant DUBs have however remained relatively understudied, with many DUBs identified but their substrates, binding partners and the cellular pathways they regulate only now beginning to emerge. This review focuses on the most recent findings in plant DUB biology, particularly on newly identified DUB substrates and how these offer clues to the wide-ranging roles that DUBs play in the cell. Furthermore, the future outlook on how new technologies in mammalian systems can accelerate the plant DUB field forward is discussed.
A giant planet shaping the disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1
Authors: Curone P. , Izquierdo A. F. , Testi L. , Lodato G. , Facchini S. , Natta A. , Pinilla P. , Kurtovic N. T. , Toci C. , Benisty M. , Tazzari M. , Borsa F. , Lombardi M. , Manara C. F. , Sanchis E. , Ricci L. 
Published: June 2022

Context. Exoplanetary research has provided us with exciting discoveries of planets around very low-mass (VLM) stars (0.08 M⊙ ≲ M* ≲ 0.3 M⊙; e.g., TRAPPIST-1 and Proxima Centauri). However, current theoretical models still strive to explain planet formation in these conditions and do not predict the development of giant planets. Recent high-resolution observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of the disk around CIDA 1, a VLM star in Taurus, show substructures that hint at the presence of a massive planet.
Aims. We aim to reproduce the dust ring of CIDA 1, observed in the dust continuum emission in ALMA Band 7 (0.9 mm) and Band 4 (2.1 mm), along with its 12CO (J = 3−2) and 13CO (J = 3−2) channel maps, assuming the structures are shaped by the interaction of the disk with a massive planet. We seek to retrieve the mass and position of the putative planet, through a global simulation that assesses planet-disk interactions to quantitatively reproduce protoplanetary disk observations of both dust and gas emission in a self-consistent way.
Methods. Using a set of hydrodynamical simulations, we model a protoplanetary disk that hosts an embedded planet with a starting mass of between 0.1 and 4.0 MJup and initially located at a distance of between 9 and 11 au from the central star. We compute the dust and gas emission using radiative transfer simulations, and, finally, we obtain the synthetic observations, treating the images as the actual ALMA observations.
Results. Our models indicate that a planet with a minimum mass of ~1.4 MJup orbiting at a distance of ~9−10 au can explain the morphology and location of the observed dust ring in Band 7 and Band 4. We match the flux of the dust emission observation with a dust-to-gas mass ratio in the disk of ~10−2. We are able to reproduce the low spectral index (~2) observed where the dust ring is detected, with a ~40−50% fraction of optically thick emission. Assuming a 12CO abundance of 5 × 10−5 and a 13CO abundance 70 times lower, our synthetic images reproduce the morphology of the 12CO (J = 3−2) and 13CO (J = 3−2) observed channel maps where the cloud absorption allowed a detection. From our simulations, we estimate that a stellar mass M* = 0.2 M⊙ and a systemic velocity vsys = 6.25 km s−1 are needed to reproduce the gas rotation as retrieved from molecular line observations. Applying an empirical relation between planet mass and gap width in the dust, we predict a maximum planet mass of ~4−8 MJup.
Conclusions. Our results suggest the presence of a massive planet orbiting CIDA 1, thus challenging our understanding of planet formation around VLM stars.