bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysophosphatidic acid signaling via LPA6: A negative modulator of developmental oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: Spencer Samantha A. , Suárez‐Pozos Edna , Soto‐Verdugo Jazmín , Wang Huiqun , Afshari Fatemah S. , Li Guo , Manam Susmita , Yasuda Daisuke , Ortega Arturo , Lister James A. , Ishii Satoshi , Zhang Yan , Fuss Babette 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe developmental process of central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheath formation is characterized by well‐coordinated cellular activities ultimately ensuring rapid and synchronized neural communication. During this process, myelinating CNS cells, namely oligodendrocytes (OLGs), undergo distinct steps of differentiation, whereby the progression of earlier maturation stages of OLGs represents a critical step toward the timely establishment of myelinated axonal circuits. Given the complexity of functional integration, it is not surprising that OLG maturation is controlled by a yet fully to be defined set of both negative and positive modulators. In this context, we provide here first evidence for a role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling via the G protein‐coupled receptor LPA6 as a negative modulatory regulator of myelination‐associated gene expression in OLGs. More specifically, the cell surface accessibility of LPA6 was found to be restricted to the earlier maturation stages of differentiating OLGs, and OLG maturation was found to occur precociously in Lpar6 knockout mice. To further substantiate these findings, a novel small molecule ligand with selectivity for preferentially LPA6 and LPA6 agonist characteristics was functionally characterized in vitro in primary cultures of rat OLGs and in vivo in the developing zebrafish. Utilizing this approach, a negative modulatory role of LPA6 signaling in OLG maturation could be corroborated. During development, such a functional role of LPA6 signaling likely serves to ensure timely coordination of circuit formation and myelination. Under pathological conditions as seen in the major human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS), however, persistent LPA6 expression and signaling in OLGs can be seen as an inhibitor of myelin repair. Thus, it is of interest that LPA6 protein levels appear elevated in MS brain samples, thereby suggesting that LPA6 signaling may represent a potential new druggable pathway suitable to promote myelin repair in MS.image
Current therapeutic insights regarding problematic fingernails and toenails in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundProblematic nails and toenails are infected by germs and increasingly have many causes.AimsTo investigate the types and treatment of problematic nails and toenails, we focused on bacteria that may appear in problematic nail toenail symptoms.MethodsWe have searched for PubMed and Google Scholar and correlated the words Onychomycosis, Tinea ungium, Melanonychia, and ingrown toenail related to symptoms.ResultsTo measure onychomycosis, KOH tests and fungal culture tests will be used. Treatment can be treated with full‐body treatment using anti‐fungal agents and local treatment (laser therapy) that can minimize the side effects. A biopsy should be performed when Melanonychia is diagnosed with brown or black pigments on the patient's fingernail plate. Moreover, ingrown toenail surgical treatment can be improved by acquired lifestyle.ConclusionsThere are many different types of treatments, but many studies show that problematic nail and toenail improvement periods are long and treatment success rates are low.
Anti‐bacterial effects of functional cosmetics containing silver ions (Ag+) on problematic toenails in Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundProblematic toenails caused by various diseases that are infected by various bacteria are discolored or deformed if left unattended for a long time are gradually increasing in modern society. Accordingly, the present study examines the anti‐bacterial effects of LCN products, focused on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubrum, which can appear in problematic toenail symptoms. After the treatment, a significant anti‐bacterial effect occurring on problematic toenails when a product containing silver ion (Ag+) will be analyzed.MethodsThe anti‐bacterial activity of LCN functional gel products in anti‐fungal and/or anti‐bacterial potency was confirmed by the paper disk method against two strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubum).ResultsFrom July 2019 to October 2019, 30 men and women in their 20s and 50s who needed to manage problematic toenails in Wonju city, Gangwon‐do, Republic of Korea, were asked to use LCN products once every two weeks. After 4 months, changes in the managed toenails were observed. Both products showed very good anti‐microbial activity against, Trichophyton rubum but a very weak one against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ConclusionAs a result of this study, although there was a difference between individuals, the feet treated with LCN products showed effective anti‐bacterial activity against topical anti‐bacterial effects.
Perceived health among percutaneous coronary intervention patients over a six‐year follow‐up period
Authors: Kähkönen Outi , Oikarinen Anne , Miettinen Heikki , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Kyngäs Helvi , Hartikainen Juha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe study was conducted to describe long‐term perceived health among patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention as well as clarify the associations between perceived health and various factors.BackgroundPerceived health is an important outcome for coronary heart disease patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. Poor perceived health predicts low adherence to treatment, morbidity and mortality.DesignAn explanatory and descriptive survey with a six‐year follow‐up (STROBE Statement: File ).MethodsBaseline data (n = 416) were collected in 2013, with follow‐up data collected from the same study group in 2019 (n = 154) at two university hospitals and three central hospitals in Finland. The employed self‐reported questionnaire was based on the EuroQoL visual analogue scale and EuroQol five‐dimensional scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate methods.ResultsPerceived health did not significantly differ four months or six years after percutaneous coronary intervention. The respondents most commonly reported pain and discomfort (62.1%), problems in mobility (50.3%), issues with usual activities (27.5%), and anxiety and depression (24.0%). Managing self‐care (8.5%) was least likely to be an issue for the respondents. A majority of the reported problems were of a mild nature. The consumption of an adequate amount of vegetables, lower systolic blood pressure, regular follow‐up treatment, lack of prior invasive procedures, and younger age predicted better scores for both perceived health and its separate dimensions.ConclusionRegular follow‐up is important to ensure after percutaneous coronary intervention to identify patients with pain and discomfort, mobility problems, depression and anxiety. Healthcare professionals should pay particular attention to elderly patients, who have undergone severe invasive procedures.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study confirms the importance of regular follow‐ups for post‐percutaneous coronary intervention patients.Patient or Public ContributionPatients have completed a self‐reported questionnaire based on informed consent.
Development and validation of a gene model predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on single‐cell and bulk RNA‐seq analysis
Authors: Han Pei‐Zhen , Tan Li‐Cheng , Ouyang Qing‐Si , Yu Peng‐Cheng , Shi Xiao , Hu Jia‐Qian , Wei Wen‐Jun , Lu Zhong‐Wu , Wang Yu , Ji Qing‐Hai , Qu Ning , Mai Hua‐Ming , Wang Yu‐Long 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis can independently predict oral squamous cell carcinoma patients' survival. This study would investigate the genetic and cellular differences between oral squamous cell carcinoma with positive and negative lymph node metastases.MethodsWe gathered single‐cell RNA sequencing and bulk gene expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Sixty lymph node‐metastasis‐related genes were discovered with refined single‐cell RNA sequencing data analysis, and consensus clustering provided three molecular subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were then utilized to establish a five‐gene risk model. CIBERSORT analysis revealed the immune infiltration profile of different risk subgroups.ResultsOral squamous cell carcinoma patients were classified into three subtypes based on the 60 lymph node‐metastasis‐related key genes identified by single‐cell RNA sequencing data. Patients in Subtype 3 showed a tendency for lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis. Moreover, five biomarkers were selected from the 60 genes to construct a five‐gene risk model evaluating the risk of lymph node metastasis. A lower probability of lymph node metastasis and a better prognosis was observed in the low‐risk group. The immune infiltration of three different risk groups was explored with CIBERSORT. Besides, further analysis implied different sensitivities of anticancer drugs, including immunotherapy drugs and targeted compounds, in the three risk groups.ConclusionIn view of intratumoral heterogeneity, we found 60 genes associated with lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequently, we constructed a five‐gene signature that could improve the prediction of lymph node metastasis, clinical outcome, and promote individualized treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Nurses' experiences of the phenomenon ‘isolation communication’
Authors: Holm Anna , Dreyer Pia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunication with patients and relatives can be a challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the acute and critical situation. However, when caring for patients with infectious diseases like COVID‐19, nurses' communication is challenged further due to the required use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and mandatory isolation regimes.AimTo explore nurses' experiences of communicating while wearing PPE during COVID‐19 isolation precautions in the ICU.Study DesignA qualitative study within the phenomenological‐hermeneutic tradition. Data were collected via 12 interviews with nurses working in a Danish ICU from September to November 2020. Data were analysed using a Ricoeur‐inspired text interpretation method.FindingsThree themes emerged during the analysis: (1) communication was limited and distanced and nurses had to compromise; (2) the nurses' senses were reduced, and verbal and nonverbal communication practises changed; and (3) patients' and relatives' communicative vulnerability were exposed in an extraordinary situation.ConclusionThe analysis revealed a phenomenon that can be described as ‘isolation communication’. The isolation precautions and use of PPE had a profound impact on the nurses' caring and communicative practices, which were limited in this situation. The nurses found themselves physically, emotionally and socially distanced from the patients, relatives and their colleagues. However, to prevent the spread of the virus, isolation communication is something that the nurses have to endure.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAs our findings show that the nurses' communicative practises had to change during isolation communication, it is important for clinical practise and education to focus on implementing communication methods that optimise message transmission between ICU clinicians, patients and relatives in conditions requiring PPE and isolation. We should also focus on how to optimise interdisciplinary health communication in this situation.
Achalasia: Current therapeutic options
Authors: Rolland Sebastien , Paterson William , Bechara Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAchalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent peristalsis in the smooth muscle esophageal body. As a result, patients typically experience dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. Over the past 10–15 years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the evaluation of therapies for achalasia. Unfortunately, little progress in the development of effective pharmacological treatments has been made. Botulinum toxin injection provides some relief of symptoms in many patients but requires periodic reinjection that may provide progressively less benefit over time. There are now three well‐established, safe, and effective therapies for the treatment of achalasia: pneumatic dilation (PD), laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) which can lead to marked symptom improvement in most patients. Each treatment has a specific constellation of risks, benefits, and recurrence rate. The first‐line treatment used will depend on patient preference, achalasia subtype, and local expertise. The recent impressive advances in both the art and science of achalasia therapy are explored with a comprehensive review of the various treatment modalities and comparative controlled clinical trials. In addition, key technical pearls of the procedural treatments are demonstrated.
Comparison of acid‐lowering drugs for endoscopy negative reflux disease: Systematic review and network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Barberio Brigida , Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Savarino Edoardo , de Bortoli Nicola , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe comparative efficacy and safety of medical therapies for gastro‐esophageal reflux symptoms in endoscopy‐negative reflux disease is unclear. We conducted a network meta‐analysis to evaluate efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine‐2‐receptor antagonists, potassium‐competitive acid blockers (PCABs), and alginates in patients with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Classic, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials from inception to February 1, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing efficacy of all drugs versus each other, or versus a placebo, in adults with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease. Results were reported as pooled relative risks with 95% confidence intervals to summarize effect of each comparison tested, with treatments ranked according to P‐score.Key ResultsWe identified 23 RCTs containing 10,735 subjects with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease. Based on failure to achieve complete relief of symptoms between ≥2 and <4 weeks, omeprazole 20 mg o.d. (P‐score 0.94) ranked first, with esomeprazole 20 mg o.d. or 40 mg o.d. ranked second and third. In achieving adequate relief, only rabeprazole 10 mg o.d. was significantly more efficacious than placebo. For failure to achieve complete relief at ≥4 weeks, dexlansoprazole 30 mg o.d. (P‐score 0.95) ranked first, with 30 ml alginate q.i.d. combined with omeprazole 20 mg o.d., and 30 ml alginate t.i.d. second and third. In terms of failure to achieve adequate relief at ≥4 weeks, dexlansoprazole 60 mg o.d. ranked first (P‐score 0.90), with dexlansoprazole 30 mg o.d. and rabeprazole 20 mg o.d. second and third. All drugs were safe and well‐tolerated.Conclusions & InferencesOur results confirm superiority of PPIs compared with most other drugs in treating endoscopy‐negative reflux disease. Future RCTs should aim to better classify patients with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease, and to establish the role of alginates and PCABs in achieving symptom relief in both the short‐ and long‐term.
The knowledge–management complex: From quality registries to national knowledge‐driven management in Swedish health care governance
Authors: Falkenström Erica , Svallfors Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the emergence of the Swedish “national system for knowledge‐driven management.” We argue that the system is best understood as a meta‐instrument that is underpinned by an “instrument constituency,” a coalition held together by a joint interest in a particular policy solution. Based on interviews and documentary analyses, we show the conflicting interests that are included in the constituency and how the functional effectiveness of the meta‐instrument is exposed to a number of risks that follow from its specific implementation and from the heterogeneity among its constituency. In particular, we point to the threats against professional learning, responsibility, and integrity.Related ArticlesSelling, Niels, and Stefan Svallfors. 2019. “The Lure of Power: Career Paths and Considerations among Policy Professionals in Sweden.” Politics & Policy 47(5): 984–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12325.Shen, Yongdong, Meng U. Ieong, and Zihang Zhu. 2022. “The Function of Expert Involvement in China's Local Policy Making.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12450.Svallfors, Stefan, Erica Falkenström, Corrie Hammar, and Anna T. Höglund. 2022. “Networked Reports: Commissioning and Production of Expert Reports on Swedish Health Care Governance.” Politics & Policy 50(3): 580–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12462.
Lateralized tactile stimulation during NREM sleep globally increases both slow and fast frequency activities
Authors: Simor Péter , Bogdány Tamás , Sifuentes‐Ortega Rebeca , Rovai Antonin , Peigneux Philippe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSlow frequency activity during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep emerges from synchronized activity of widely distributed thalamo‐cortical and cortico‐cortical networks, reflecting homeostatic and restorative properties of sleep. Slow frequency activity exhibits a reactive nature, and can be increased by acoustic stimulation. Although non‐invasive brain stimulation is a promising technique in basic and clinical sleep research, sensory stimulation studies focusing on modalities other than the acoustic are scarce. We explored here the potential of lateralized vibro‐tactile stimulation (VTS) of the finger to locally modify electroencephalographic activity during nocturnal NREM sleep. Eight seconds‐long sequences of vibro‐tactile pulses were delivered at a rate of 1 Hz either to the left or to the right index finger, in addition to a sham condition, in fourteen healthy participants. VTS markedly increased slow frequency activity that peaked between 1–4 Hz but extended to higher (~13 Hz) frequencies, with fronto‐central dominance. Enhanced slow frequency activity was accompanied by increased (14–22 Hz) fast frequency power peaking over central and posterior locations. VTS increased the amplitude of slow waves, especially during the first 3–4 s of stimulation. Noticeably, we did not observe local‐hemispheric effects, that is, VTS resulted in a global cortical response regardless of stimulation laterality. VTS moderately increased slow and fast frequency activities in resting wakefulness, to a much lower extent compared to NREM sleep. The concomitant increase in slow and fast frequency activities in response to VTS indicates an instant homeostatic response coupled with wake‐like, high‐frequency activity potentially reflecting transient periods of increased environmental processing.
Development and application of a dose–response model for Elizabethkingia spp
Authors: Dean Kara , Coaster Natalie , Young Kyana , Mitchell Jade 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElizabethkingia spp. are common environmental pathogens responsible for infections in more vulnerable populations. Although the exposure routes of concern are not well understood, some hospital‐associated outbreaks have indicated possible waterborne transmission. In order to facilitate quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for Elizabethkingia spp., this study fit dose–response models to frog and mice datasets that evaluated intramuscular and intraperitoneal exposure to Elizabethkingia spp. The frog datasets could be pooled, and the exact beta‐Poisson model was the best fitting model with optimized parameters α = 0.52 and β = 86,351. Using the exact beta‐Poisson model, the dose of Elizabethkingia miricola resulting in a 50% morbidity response (LD50) was estimated to be approximately 237,000 CFU. The model developed herein was used to estimate the probability of infection for a hospital patient under a modeled exposure scenario involving a contaminated medical device and reported Elizabethkingia spp. concentrations isolated from hospital sinks after an outbreak. The median exposure dose was approximately 3 CFU/insertion event, and the corresponding median risk of infection was 3.4E‐05. The median risk estimated in this case study was lower than the 3% attack rate observed in a previous outbreak, however, there are noted gaps pertaining to the possible concentrations of Elizabethkingia spp. in tap water and the most likely exposure routes. This is the first dose–response model developed for Elizabethkingia spp. thus enabling future risk assessments to help determine levels of risk and potential effective risk management strategies.
Do actions reduce perceived risk? A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between risk perception and actions in response to forest disturbance in Colorado
Authors: Qin Hua , Vickery Jamie , Brenkert‐Smith Hannah , Bekee Barituka , Prasetyo Yanu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs residents living in hazard‐prone areas face on‐going environmental threats, the actions they take to mitigate such risks are likely motivated by various factors. Whereas risk perception has been considered a key determinant of related behavioral responses, little is known about how risk mitigation actions influence subsequent perceived risk. In other words, do actions to prevent or mitigate risk reduce risk perception? This longitudinal study considers the dynamic relationships between risk perception and risk‐mitigating behavior in the context of forest disturbance in north‐central Colorado. Based on panel survey data collected in 2007 and 2018, the results provide a first look at changes in perceived forest risks as they relate to individual and community actions in response to an extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak. Analysis revealed that the perception of direct forest risks (forest fire and falling trees) increased, whereas indirect forest risk perception (concern on broader threats to local community) decreased across the two study phases. Higher individual or community activeness (level of actions) was associated with subsequent reductions in perceived forest fire risk, smaller increases in direct risk perception, and larger decreases in indirect risk perception. These findings contribute insights into the complex risk reappraisal process in forest hazard contexts, with direct implications for risk communication and management strategies.
A Bayesian‐loss function‐based method in assessing loss caused by ship‐source oil spills in the arctic area
Authors: Afenyo Mawuli , Jiang Changmin , Ng Adolf K. Y. , Lee Paul Tae‐Woo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is difficult to assess the risk of ship‐source oil spills in Arctic waters for insurance purposes due to many unknowns and the lack of reliable data. However, maritime activities in the Arctic area continue to grow, indicating the urgent needs for the development of innovative methods to estimate loss from potential ship‐source oil spills in the Arctic area. To fill this gap, we develop a hybrid Bayesian‐loss function‐based method to assess ship‐source oil spill‐related loss and implement an illustrative test on Baffin Island, Nunavut in Canada. The results confirm that our method can accurately assess loss and, subsequently, develop reliable insurance premiums for shipping activities in the Arctic area. This enables governmental and nongovernmental organizations alike to use the method as a reliable loss estimation mechanism for ship‐source oil spills. Also, it is a valuable tool in designing measures for safer and more resilient Arctic shipping.