bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyll Content of a Dark Green Mutant of ‘Manapal’ Tomato1
Authors: Sanders D. C. , Pharr D. M. , Konsler T. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomato leaf and fruit chlorophyll content of a dark green mutant (dg) of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Manapal was compared to +/+ and +/dg (within ‘Manapal’) and another high pigment line (hp/hp) from 111. 1252. The mutant dg/dg contained the highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in the exocarp and mesocarp and per unit leaf area. The exocarp and mesocarp of hp/hp contained intermediate chlorophyll concentrations. The mutant dg/dg and hp/hp contained a greater mesocarp chlorophyll b concentration than +/dg or +/+.
Wilting and Damage to Cucumber by Spotted and Striped Cucumber Beetles1
Authors: Haynes Robert L. , Jones C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spotted and striped cucumber beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber and Acalymma vittata Fab., respectively) caused significantly more damage to bitter cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) wilted by drought or infection by Erwinia tracheiphila E.F.S.-Holland than to bitter non-wilted or non-bitter wilted and non-wilted plants. Bitter wilted plants had significantly more cucurbitacin than did bitter non-wilted material.
Breeding Snap Beans for Resistance to Diseases Caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn1
Authors: Deakin J. R. , Dukes P. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance to diseases of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani was highly heritable and could be easily transferred to lines with high productivity and acceptable quality. Resistance was associated with colored seed. Attempts to obtain white-seeded lines with resistance were not successful because of epistatic effects. The only barrier to the use of cultivars resistant to diseases caused by R. solani is industry refusal of colored-seeded lines, as based on current quality standards. A selection method to obtain near-white-seeded lines is discussed.
A New Technique for Determining Resistance of Sweet Corn to Second-brood European Corn Borer1
Authors: Shehata M. A. , Hargraves J. C. , Davis D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A controlled environment technique using freshly silked, excised ears artificially infested with 1st instar larvae was developed for evaluating sweet com (Zea mays L.) for resistance to 2nd-brood European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner). At 14 days, infested ears of the moderately resistant dent inbred ‘B52’ held in plastic bags at 27°C (day) 21° (night), high humidity, and 16 hour photoperiod (8.6 klx) had fewer 4th and 5th instar larvae and possibly lower larval weight Use of this technique could improve the efficiency of screening via artificial infestation by reducing environmentally caused variability.
Aerial Strands Of Erwinia amylovora: Nature and Role In The Fire Blight Disease
Authors: Keil Harry L. , van der Zwet T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aerial strands of Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. the causal organism of fire blight of pear and apple, are a form of ooze produced by infected tissues. Strands contain large num bers of pathogenic bacteria embedded in a matrix. Strands are mainly of two types, smooth or beaded. Smooth strands (Fig. 1A) of about equal diameter throughout their length are formed by a uniform quantity of ooze extruded through natural openings of the epidermis. Upon exposure to air, the ooze solidifies to produce the strand. As more ooze is extruded basipetally, the strand increases in length. Beaded strands (Fig. 1A) areformed by extrusion of the ooze in spurts.
The Agricultural Research Dilemma
Authors: Wittwer S. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Agricultural research, technology, and development is at a crossroads in this nation. The chart ahead is not clear. If food is important, it’s not reflected by current investments in research. Food has been taken for granted. The present affluence of our nation in the adequacy, safety, and variety of its food supply exceeds that of any known people that have ever inhabited the earth.
Key Words
Authors: Brenner M. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The age of computer literature searches is upon us. On a time-share basis, a computer can be used to search for specific topics, titles, and authors. It is now possible to search Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, the CAIN Data base as well as other citation listing services. To be assured that articles published in our two horticultural journals have maximum exposure we should institute the use of identifying key words. Presently the main agricultural citation system compiled by the National Agricultural Library only uses titles and authors' names. It is too costly for the National Agricultural Library to scan articles for key words. Thus, we are forced to heavily rely upon the selected wording of titles to provide maximum recognition of our published work. By listing key words for each article the probability of our publications having maximum visibility would be increased. I urge such a policy to be instituted as soon as is practical.
Calcium-related Disorders of Fruits and Vegetables1
Authors: Shear C. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth’s crust, accounting for more than 3% of its composition. The exchangeable Ca content of a “normal” soil ranges from 65 to 85% of its total exchange capacity (12). Leaves of dicotyledonous plants generally contain from 0.5 to 5.5% Ca on a dry weight basis (44). The aboveground woody portions of trees in a 36-year-old apple orchard (35 trees per acre) contain about 200 lb. of Ca/acre as compared to about 175 lb. of all other nutrient elements combined (98). Recognizable foliar symptoms of Ca deficiency are seldom observed on field-grown fruit or vegetable crops. Despite these facts, serious economic losses occur annually from physiological disorders resulting from an inadequate level of Ca in the fruits, storage roots, or tubers of many plants or to the heart leaves of cabbage, lettuce, and other compact leafy vegetables.
Induction of Frost Hardiness in Red-osier Dogwood Stems by Water Stress1
Authors: Chen Paul , Li P. H. , Weiser C. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water stress and short day treatments increased the frost hardiness and the water saturation deficit (WSD) of stems of red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera L.) plants grown for 21 days at controlled temperatures, photoperiods, and water supply. Potted plants were watered either to the point of saturation (control) or with lesser amounts (98, 60, or 30 ml/pot per day). Hardiness and WSD were proportional to the level of water stress. The greatest increase in hardiness (from −3 to −11°C) occurred in die 38 ml treatment during the first 7 days. Prolonging water stress, for an additional 14 days, induced little additional hardiness. There was no increase in the hardiness (−3°C) or WSD of control plants grown under long days (14 hours). Control plants grown at short days (10 hours) increased in hardiness from −3 to −6.5°C and WSD increased from 7.5% to 18.2% in 21 days. Water stress or short days caused significant increases in hardiness and WSD, but a combination of the 2 treatments caused no further increase in hardiness or WSD.
Effect of Pollination Temperature on Seed Yield of Crosses in Daylily1
Authors: Arisumi Toru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The seed set in 7 out of 12 daylily crosses was temperature-sensitive when the seed parent was exposed for 6 hr to 23.9, 29.4, or 35.0°C. In 6 crosses at 35.0° and in 2 crosses at 29.4°, seed set was lower than that at 23.9°; and in 4 crosses, was lower at 35.0° than at 29.4°. The 6 cultivars studied were self-incompatible. Differences in seed set observed in reciprocal crosses were probably caused by differential fertility and temperature-sensitivity between pollen and seed parent of the same cultivar. ‘Frosted Pink’, ‘Blonde Princess’, and ‘Kanapaha’ were temperature-sensitive as seed parents; ‘Caballero’ and ‘Crimson Glory’ as pollen parents, and ‘Vulcan’ as both seed and pollen parent.
Fluoride-induced Necrosis of Dracaena deremensis Engler cv. Janet Craig1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Unrooted cuttings of ‘Janet Craig’ Dracaena were propagated in peat amended with various levels and combinations of dolomite, calcium carbonate and superphosphate. Plant damage expressed as leaf chlorosis and necrosis was increased by additions of F contained in the superphosphate. Damage was reduced by dolomite and calcium carbonate with calcium carbonate the most effective. Increased tissue F is related to increased leaf damage.
Aldicarb 10G on Greenhouse Chrysanthemums: Relationships Among Plant Age, Application Methods, and Residues in Foliage, Buds, and Flowers1
Authors: Krueger H. R. , Lindquist R. K. , Tayama H. K. , Kiplinger D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aldicarb 10G [2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde 0 (methyl-carbamoyl) oxime] was applied to 4, 8, and 12-week old potted chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) by applying granules directly to the soil, and by broadcasting granules over wet and dry foliage. Residues in upper and lower foliage, buds and flowers were measured at intervals following treatment. The results showed that residues in mature plants may not reach levels toxic to certain insect and mite pests regardless of application method; residues in upper leaves were highest, regardless of application method; and application to wet foliage resulted in highest residues initially, but which dissipated rapidly.
Crown Gall and Ethylene Content of Rose Plants1
Authors: Paterson D. R. , Lyle E. W. , Earhart D. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene (C2H4) was higher in the internal atmosphere of crown gall infected rose bushes than in healthy plants. C2H4 was higher in the crown and root tissues than in the top of normal as well as crown gall infected plants.
Chilling Injury and Decay of Grapefruit as Affected by Thiabendazole, Benomyl, and CO21
Authors: Wardowski W. F. , Albrigo L. G. , Grierson W. , Barmore C. R. , Wheaton T. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chilling injury (CI) of ‘Marsh Seedless’ grapefruit was reduced by a preharvest spray of benomyl (Benlate) but not of Vapor Gard (VG) pinolene antitranspirant Postharvest treatments with benomyl and thiabendazole (TBZ) also reduced CI. The effect of high CO2 atmospheres (up to 20%) induced under 0.0254 mm (1 mil) PVC film varied sharply with picking date. CI was almost eliminated in such atmospheres in early and midseason pickings but accentuated in the late (postbloom) picking. Modified atmospheres tended to increase decay regardless of picking date.
Dry-Ashing Temperature, Time, and Sample Size as Variables Influencing Nutrient Concentrations in Citrus Leaf Analysis1
Authors: Labanauskas C. K. , Handy M. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Zn and K loss was related to increasing temperature, and Cu, Fe, Mg, and P loss was related to the residual carbon in the ash of a standard routine check and reference sample of ‘Valencia’ orange leaves (Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck). Only Zn showed both loss due to volatilization and analytical loss related to increasing amounts of residual carbon. Mn and Na did not show a clear response to time, temperature, or sample size; B showed a response only at the highest temperature. The magnitude of differences was small, but the measured differences were very highly significant, indicating consistency due to treatment under given sets of conditions.
In a proven dry-ashing procedure widely accepted for citrus leaves in California, best results were obtained when citrus tissue materials were ashed at 550°C for 8 hr, and when sample size was not greater than 2.5 g.
Measuring the Force Required to Detach Strawberry Fruits1
Authors: Brown G. R. , Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A Chatillion Fruit and Vegetable Testor (Model 516-1000 MRPFER) was modified and used to measure capping (plugging) percentage, capping force and pedicel breaking force of strawberry fruits. The resulting instrument (“capometer”) proved to be fast, accurate, portable and well adapted to field use. The correlation (significant at 1% level) between capping percentage obtained with the capometer and capping percentage obtained by hand proved the validity of the use of the capometer to measure the fruit detachment forces. Capping percentage and the force required to cap the fruit and to break the pedicel differed significantly among the cultivars tested.
Evaluation of Strawberry Clones for Adaptability to Once-over Mechanical Harvest1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown G. R. , Bowden H. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weekly yields of hand-harvested strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were compared with weekly percent ripening concentration and total seasonal yields for 45 to 57 clones during 6 seasons at 2 locations in order to identify the production characteristics useful in selecting genotypes suitable for once-over mechanical harvest High weekly yields were positively correlated with high total seasonal yields in every yearly and location comparison. In contrast, high weekly yields were positively correlated with high weekly percent ripening concentration in only 1 of 9 comparisons. Thus, selection of clones with high total seasonal yields is an efficient method of developing high “once-over” yielding cultivars. High seasonal yields and high weekly percent ripening concentration are independent traits, and the combination of these factors will result in cultivars capable of producing very high single harvest yields.
The Effect of Ringing on Fruit Size, Yield, and Earliness of Determinate Tomato1
Authors: Veliath J. A. , Ferguson A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ringing plants of the determinate tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Summit) with copper wire when fruit had set on 3, 7 and 12 clusters increased early and total yield. Earlier ringing did not produce such increments. Ringing had no effect on fruit size and percent marketable yields.
Effect of Plant Spacing on Single-harvest Yields of Several Broccoli Cultivars1
Authors: Cutcliffe J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In general, single-harvest yields increased and spear weight decreased as the distance between broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group) decreased. Cultivars differed considerably in maturity and percentage spears marketable in response to spacing. The best of the 9 cultivars studied for single-harvesting were: ‘Green Duke’, ‘Blue Ocean’, ‘S & G No. 1’ and ‘Atlantic’. It is suggested that these cultivars should be spaced within the range of 30 × 30 cm and 40 × 40 cm for optimum utilization under Prince Edward Island conditions.
Effect of Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Light on the Color of ‘California Light Red Kidney’ Bean Seed during Storage1
Authors: Hughes P. A. , Sandsted R. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. California Light Red Kidney was stored at 1, 12, and 24°C and 30 and 80% relative humidity for 1 year. The higher temperatures accelerated darkening of seed coat color. High relative humidity at 24° resulted in the darkest colored beans, a complete loss of germination, a 4-fold increase in fat acidity and a nearly 2-fold increase in the time required to cook until tender when compared with beans stored at 1° and 30% relative humidity. Beans stored at 1° and 30% relative humidity very nearly retained their original color, germination percentage, and fat acidity in addition to retainment of their cooking time requirements. Ultraviolet and cool-white light also darkened beans in storage, but in contrast to the darkening caused by high humidity and temperature, light promoted darkening was not associated with loss in quality factors.
‘Haggith’ Apricot: Rootstock Seed Source1
Authors: Layne R. E. C. , Harrison T. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Haggith’ (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a new apricot cultivar introduced in 1974 as a seed source for apricot rootstocks. Trees of ‘Haggith’ are cold hardy, consistently productive, self-fertile and disease tolerant. The seeds of ‘Haggith’ germinate readily as fall planted pits or as spring planted stratified seeds. ‘Haggith’ seedlings are quite uniform in the nursery row, attain buddable size by August and are compatible with a broad range of scion cultivars. Scions on ‘Haggith’ seedlings appear to be comparable in vigor, precocity and disease response with those on seedlings of ‘Alfred’ or ‘Morden 604’. However, there is a tendency for scions on ‘Haggith’ seedlings to have wider crotch angles, a more spreading growth habit, and slightly higher yield than on ‘Alfred’ seedlings. The ‘Haggith’ seedling rootstock is being introduced to meet the need for a reliable, cold hardy rootstock for apricot. ‘Haggith’ is not recommended as a scion variety.
‘Erie’ Viburnum1
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., the linden viburnum, is the most widely cultivated red-fruited viburnum species. The plant is most frequently sold as a heterogeneous seedling population that often displays great variability in growth habit, flowering, fruiting, and autumn foliage coloration. By planting superior vegetatively propagated cultivars in close proximity to insure cross-pollination, the nurseryman and consumer are assured of superior landscape plants. The cultivars ‘Moraine’ (4), with compact growth and heavy berries, and ‘Improved’ (5), with abundant, large fruit have been introduced by nursermen. ‘Iroquois’, with abundant, large fruit in large inflorescences, and ‘Catskill’, with compact growth habit and abundant orange-red fruit, were introduced by the U.S. National Arboretum (1). V. dilatatum ‘Xanthocarpum’ Rehd., a form with yellow fruit, was described by A. Rehder (3). ‘Erie’ (National Arboretum No. 32226, Plant Introduction No. 347259), another noteworthy selection that extends the fruit color range to coral, is introduced by the U.S. National Arboretum, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (2).
New Vegetable Varieties List XX1, Compiled by the Garden Seed Research Committee American Seed Trade Association
Authors: Lower R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nineteen prior lists of new vegetable varieties introduced since 1936 were published in Vols. 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 75, 77, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90 and 92 of Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, and Vols. 4(1), 5(3), 6(2) and 8(6) of HortScience. A compilation of list I through XV entitled Descriptive List of Vegetable Varieties was published jointly by the American Seed Trade Association, Inc. and the American Society for Horticultural Science in September 1972 and can be obtained from either organization.
The following abbreviations are used: exp. desig.-experimental designation; orig.-originated at or by; intr.-introduced by; par.-parentage or parents; char.-outstanding characteristics; res.-resistant to; tol.-tolerant to; sim.-similar to or resembles; sel.-selection or selected; adapt.-adapted to or adaptation.
Effect of Temperature on Growth, Flowering, and Fruiting in ‘Blue Troll’ Browallia1
Authors: Semeniuk Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of 3 day/night temp regimes on vegetative growth, flower development, and fruit set of Browallia speciosa Hook. ‘Blue Troll’ (a semi-dwarf type) under growth chamber conditions.
An Evaluation of Plastic and Fibrous Materials as Mulches for Total Vegetation Control1
Authors: Creager R. A. , Katchur D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Twenty-three plastic and fibrous materials were tested in the greenhouse to determine their growth suppression capacity on herbaceous and woody plants. Promising treatments were then applied under field conditions. Materials which controlled vegetation most effectively were rigid urethane foam (a new mulch material), fiberglass mat, fiberglass mat over black polyethylene film, and burlap impregnated with either tert-butylcarbamic acid ester with 3-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (karbutilate), or 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil (bromacil).
Photoperiodism of Mung Bean and Four Related Species1
Authors: MacKenzie D. R. , Ho L. , Liu T. D. , Henry B. F. Wu , Oyer E. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of 12 and 16 hours of light on flowering was studied in field plot experiments with 1602 accessions of mung bean (Vigna radiata var. radiata) and 4 related species. Mung bean, adzuki bean, (V angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi var. angularis) and moth bean (V. aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal) appear to have a high incidence of day-neutral types when compared with the black gram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper) and rice bean (V. umbellata (Thumb.) Ohwi & Ohaski) germplasm collections of mung bean and related species show an increase of day-neutral types of latitudes distant from the equator.
Impact of Intergenotypic Competition in Selecting among Bush Tomato Phenotypes1
Authors: Peirce L. C. , Lee J. W. , McHale N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The fruit size of randomly mixed plantings of 10 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes, both inbred and hybrid, were compared with pure plantings in a standard spacing. Some intergenotypic competition was encountered as shown by reduced fruit size within the mixed stand, but it was not at a level that would affect selection. Comparing mixtures of hybrids and inbreds separately with respective pure stands showed the levels of intergenotypic competition to be quite similar.
Continued Differential Resistance among Citrus Genotypes to California Red Scale1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Carman G. E. , Soost R. K. , Pappas J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance of a series of Citrus genotypes to natural infestation by California red scale [Aonidielia aurantii (Mask.)] was correlated in 1969 with their ancestry as follows: principally mandarin, greatest; mandarin-orange and mandarin-grapefruit, second; pummelo-orange and pummelo-grapefruit, third; and pure lemon, least (2). Patterns of resistance were in general agreement with limited earlier reports of Citrus host preferences (1, 3). Data were obtained in a replicated field planting which is still being maintained without artificial scale control. Persistence of differential resistance among the hybrid groups is the subject of this article.
Germination of Lowbush Blueberry Seeds Stored Dry and in Fruit at Different Temperatures1
Authors: Aalders Lewis E. , Hall Ivan V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of the lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium augustifolium Ait) germinated well following storage in the berry at −23°C or when cleaned and stored dry in paper envelopes at −23°, −2° or 1°. When stored in the berry at —2° or at 1°, the berries became moldy with a species of Botrytis and germination was reduced considerably.
Inheritance of Fruit Anthocyanin Pigments in Red Raspberry1
Authors: Barritt Bruce H. , Torre Louis C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In red raspberry a major gene, R, is proposed which controls the formation of rhamnose-containing fruit pigments, cyanidin, 3-rutinoside (Cy 3-Ru) and cyanidin 3-glucosylrutinoside (Cy 3-GIRu). Genotypically ‘Willamette’, ‘Washington’ and ‘Matsqui’ are rr, ‘Canby’, ‘SHRI 6626/41’ and ‘SHRI 6531/42’ are Rr and ‘SHRI 6531/84’ is RR.
Chlorflurenol-induced Crown Division of Everbearing Strawberries1
Authors: Andrew L. A. , Ormrod D. P. , Evans W. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two everbearing strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) selections were sprayed with the morphactin chlorflurenol (methyl-2-chlor-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate) at concentrations of 5 to 80 ppm. From 1.8 to 2.8 times more crowns developed in treated plants of clone 25P29 than in controls and 1.9 to 4.3 times more in clone 12R70. Growth was temporarily retarded at all concentrations. Flower numbers were reduced by high chlorflurenol rates.