bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of nitrite‐oxidizing Nitrospira and ammonia‐oxidizing Nitrosomonas in marine recirculating trickling biofilter reactors
Authors: Oshiki Mamoru , Netsu Hirotoshi , Kuroda Kyohei , Narihiro Takashi , Fujii Naoki , Kindaichi Tomonori , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Watari Takahiro , Hatamoto Masashi , Yamaguchi Takashi , Araki Nobuo , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAerobic ammonia and nitrite oxidation reactions are fundamental biogeochemical reactions contributing to the global nitrogen cycle. Although aerobic nitrite oxidation yields 4.8‐folds less Gibbs free energy (∆Gr) than aerobic ammonia oxidation in the NH4+‐feeding marine recirculating trickling biofilter reactors operated in the present study, nitrite‐oxidizing and not ammonia‐oxidizing Nitrospira (sublineage IV) outnumbered ammonia‐oxidizing Nitrosomonas (relative abundance; 53.8% and 7.59% respectively). CO2 assimilation efficiencies during ammonia or nitrite oxidation were 0.077 μmol‐14CO2/μmol‐NH3 and 0.053–0.054 μmol‐14CO2/μmol‐NO2− respectively, and the difference between ammonia and nitrite oxidation was much smaller than the difference of ∆Gr. Free‐energy efficiency of nitrite oxidation was higher than ammonia oxidation (31%–32% and 13% respectively), and high CO2 assimilation and free‐energy efficiencies were a determinant for the dominance of Nitrospira over Nitrosomonas. Washout of Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas from the trickling biofilter reactors was also examined by quantitative PCR assay. Normalized copy numbers of Nitrosomonas amoA were 1.5‐ to 1.7‐folds greater than Nitrospira nxrB and 16S rRNA gene in the reactor effluents. Nitrosomonas was more susceptible for washout than Nitrospira in the trickling biofilter reactors, which was another determinant for the dominance of Nitrospira in the trickling biofilter reactors.
To telework or not to telework: Does the macro context matter? A signalling theory analysis of employee interpretations of telework in times of turbulence
Authors: Cañibano Almudena , Avgoustaki Argyro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow do workers make sense of telework and respond to it in turbulent times? This study of a consultancy firm in Spain, during the 2008 financial crisis, explores employee interpretations of telework in the context of major macro‐economic disruption. We draw on signalling theory to consider telework as a signal sent by the organisation and argue that the environment in which the signal occurs changes employees' interpretations. While telework is generally understood as an employee‐centred practice, we find that in an economic crisis it is also interpreted as a potential threat for employees. Therefore, the meaning of telework is not predetermined, but continually shaped socially considering events beyond the boundaries of the firm. We propose adopting a social constructivist view to consider human resource (HR) practices as objects experienced and interpreted within their wider social contexts. We shed new light on signalling theory and HR studies by offering insights on the relevance of the signalling environment for interpreting messages, and bring forth the concept of “external fit”.
Selenium‐enriched peptides isolated from Cardamine violifolia are potent in suppressing proliferation and enhancing apoptosis of HepG2 cells
Authors: Lin Yue , Li Yue , Cong Xin , Xia Yongmei , Huang Dejian , Chen Shangwei , Zhu Song 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSelenium (Se)‐enriched peptides were isolated from Cardamine violifolia by enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration. S3 (molecular weight [MW] distribution of 3–5 kDa) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells and was thus screened using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; it was found to have a high organic Se content. Its amino acid sequence was determined using HPLC‐MS/MS. We then examined its ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and found that it arrested tumor cells in the S phase; moreover, it could induce cancer cell apoptosis. Following S3 treatment, we observed a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in cell calcium content. Upon S3 treatment at 60 µg/ml, the relative activities of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 increased by 1.48 times and 2.17 times, and the contents of PI3K and AKT decreased from 2.05 ng/L and 1.95 ng/L to 0.71 ng/L and 0.50 ng/L, respectively, when compared with the control group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in the PI3K–AKT pathway following S3 treatment. This study thus established a foundation for additional development of Se‐enriched peptides from C. violifolia as a functional food.Practical ApplicationCardamine violifolia is a Se‐tolerant cruciferous plant that can metabolically transform inorganic Se into organic Se that exists in the form of a selenoprotein. Se‐enriched peptide obtained by extraction and enzymolysis of selenoprotein, as an organic combination of organic Se and peptide, possess valuable biological activities. In this paper, the effect of Se‐enriched peptides of C. violifolia on tumor cells was studied via cell experiments, and its mechanism was preliminarily discussed, which should provide a theoretical basis for developing functional foods containing C. violifolia.
Lithium use during breastfeeding was safe in healthy full‐term infants under strict monitoring
Authors: Heinonen Essi , Tötterman Katarina , Bäck Karin , Sarman Ihsan , Svedenkrans Jenny , Forsberg Lisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies on breastfeeding during lithium therapy have shown conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety when practising thorough follow‐up of the infants.MethodThis retrospective study focused on women with lithium medication, and their breastfed infants born between 2006 and 2021 in Stockholm, Sweden. Information about infant serum lithium concentrations and clinical status was collected from medical records.ResultsIn total, 30 infants exposed to lithium through breastmilk, 21 girls and 9 boys, were included. The median age at follow‐up was 40 days (range 8–364 days). The median lithium serum concentration was 0.10 mmol/L in the second week of life (range <0.05–0.7 mmol/L), 0.08 in week 2–4 (range <0.05–1.2), 0.06 in the second month of life (range <0.05–0.2) and 0.07 after 2 months of age (range <0.05–0.2). Unexpectedly high lithium concentrations were found in two infants in the first month of life. Apart from poor weight gain, no adverse effects were found.ConclusionSerum lithium concentrations in breastfed infants were stabilised at barely measurable levels after the first weeks of life. Before that, concentrations higher than the mothers were found. Lithium treatment during breastfeeding can be considered safe under strict follow‐up.
Empagliflozin modulates CD4+ T‐cell differentiation via metabolic reprogramming in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Qin Jing , Liu Qiang , Liu Anli , Leng Shaoqiu , Wang Shuwen , Li Chaoyang , Ma Ji , Peng Jun , Xu Miao 
Published: June 2022

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease, in which the imbalance of CD4+ T cell subsets play a key role in the pathogenesis. Since T cells highly depend on metabolism for their function, we hypothesized that T cell dysfunction may be due to intracellular metabolic reprogramming. We found that in ITP, T cell metabolism shifts from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has shown regulatory metabolic effects on proximal tubular epithelial cells and cardiac cells beyond glucose lowering. However, the effects of empagliflozin on T cells remain unknown. To further investigate the metabolic dysfunction of CD4+ T cells in ITP, we explored the effect of empagliflozin on CD4+ T‐cell differentiation in ITP. Our results are the first to show that increased glycolysis in CD4+ T cells resulted in an unbalanced CD4+ T‐cell population. Furthermore, empagliflozin can affect the differentiation of CD4+ T‐cell subsets by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell populations while increasing Tregs. Empagliflozin appears to regulate CD4+ T cells through inhibiting the mTOR signal pathway. Considering these results, we propose that empagliflozin could be used as a potential therapeutic option for ITP by modulating metabolic reprogramming in CD4+ T cells.
Iterated expectations under rank‐dependent expected utility and implications for common valuation methods
Authors: Stomper Alex , Vierø Marie‐Louise 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the applicability of common valuation techniques in finance when the decision‐maker's preferences can be described by the rank‐dependent expected utility model. Under expected utility theory, compound lotteries can be valued by “iterating” expectations: the expected utility of a compound lottery is the expected value of a simple lottery over prizes that are certainty equivalents to follow‐up lotteries. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a similar valuation technique in the framework of rank‐dependent expected utility when a consequentialist decision‐maker has to choose between prospects that belong to a comonotonic class. The conditions coincide with those for dynamically consistent behaviour of such a decision‐maker. The decision‐maker must update her preferences based on a benchmark prospect that can be interpreted as a formalization of “black‐and‐white thinking.”
Greasing (small) palms: Early rejection of bribery
Authors: Reyes‐Jaquez Bolivar , Koenig Melissa A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe tested when U.S. children reject bribery, and whether their rejections vary by public versus private setting. Six‐ to 10‐year‐olds (224 children, 118 boys, 106 girls, majority‐White) participated across four experiments, in which participants indicated whether a contest judge should accept a contestant's financial gift. Children conveyed their preferences while in public or in private (in the presence or absence of an adult experimenter). Children's rejections of bribes were found to increase with age. Notably, younger children's acceptance rate was higher when the experimenter was present than in their absence; in contrast, older children showed comparable rejection rates across settings. Limitations in children's early reasoning about bribery, including the reputational and moral implications of accepting bribes in public, are discussed.
PRAME immunohistochemistry for melanoma diagnosis: A STARD‐compliant diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: O'Connor Michaela K. , Dai Hongyan , Fraga Garth R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a tumor‐associated antigen that is frequently expressed in cutaneous melanoma and can be evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Earlier studies on PRAME utilized case‐control study designs that may misestimate diagnostic accuracy and lack generalizability.MethodsUsing retrospective cohort selection, a cross‐sectional study of diagnostic accuracy of PRAME was conducted according to standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies requirements.ResultsMean PRAME positive fraction was higher in 42 malignant melanocytic lesions than 101 benign melanocytic lesions (0.71 ± 0.30 vs. 0.13 ± 0.20, p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed the test was effective (area under the curve = 0.90). Global PRAME 4+ scores (>75%) were associated with sensitivity of 0.63, specificity of 0.97, accuracy of 0.87, and excellent interrater concordance (Kappa = 0.83). Lower cutoffs for PRAME of 2+ (>25%) and 3+ (>50%) produced higher joint sensitivity/specificity (Youden index) than PRAME 4+, but lower accuracy.ConclusionPRAME as it is used in clinical practice is an effective test for melanoma. PRAME is best used as an ordinal variable to calculate the posttest probability of melanoma. PRAME ≤25% (0/1+) favors nevus, PRAME 26%–75% (2/3+) is noncontributory, and PRAME >75% (4+) favors melanoma.
Risk factors for foot ulcer recurrence in patients with comorbid diabetic foot osteomyelitis and diabetic nephropathy: A 3‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Zhang Li , Fu Guifen , Deng Yongqing , Nong Yuechou , Huang Jianhao , Huang Xiulu , Wei Fenglian , Yu Yanqing , Huang Litian , Zhang Wenjiao , Tang Meizhu , Deng Licai , Han Jiaxia , Zhou Xing , Wang Qiu , Lu Wensheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the risk factors for foot ulcer recurrence in patients with comorbid diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). This is a prospective cohort study. Between May 2018 and May 2021, we selected 120 inpatients with comorbid severe diabetic foot infection (PEDIS Grade 3 or above) and DN for inclusion in our study. All cases were followed up for 36 months. The study outcomes were whether foot ulcer recurred and the time to recurrence. The risk factors of ulcer recurrence were analysed by comparing the data of the three groups. According to the recurrence of foot ulcer, the participants were divided into three groups: Group A (no foot ulcer recurrence, n = 89), Group B (foot ulcer recurrence within 12‐36 months, n = 19) and Group C (foot ulcer recurrence within 6‐12 months, n = 12). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that urine albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) (HR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.005‐1.011, P < .001) and vibration perception threshold (VPT) (HR: 1.064, 95% CI: 1.032‐1.096, P < .001) were identified as independent risk factors. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed a significant positive association between UACR or VPT and the risk of foot ulcer recurrence (log rank, all P < .05). Areas under the ROC curves for UACR, VPT and the combination of UACR and VPT were 0.802, 0.799 and 0.842, respectively. The best cut‐off values of UACR and VPT were 281.51 mg/g and 25.12 V, respectively. In summary, elevated UACR and VPT were independent risk factors. The best clinical cut‐off values of UACR and VPT for prediction of foot ulcer recurrence were 281.51 mg/g and 25.12 V, respectively. Besides, our results suggested that microcirculation disorders rather than macrovascular complications play a major role in the recurrence of foot ulcer in patients with comorbid DFO and DN.
Risk factors for decline in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in patients with acute transient ischemic attack and minor stroke
Authors: Zuo Lijun , Dong YanHong , Liao Xiaoling , Pan Yuesong , Xiang Xianglong , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Shi Jiong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment after stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) has a high prevalence. The authors aimed to explore the risk factors for declined cognitive function with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)‐Beijing in patients with stroke/TIA at acute phase. Total 2283 patients with acute stroke/TIA without a history of dementia were assessed at 2 weeks of onset. Patients were assessed by MoCA‐Beijing on day 14 and at 3 months follow‐ups. Cognitive impairment was defined as MoCA‐Beijing ≤22. Patients’ cognitive status was considered as declined if there were a reduction of ≥2 points in MoCA‐Beijing score and patients were considered to have improved if there were an increase of ≥2 points. The score of MoCA‐Beijing was considered to be stable if there were an increase or decrease of 1 point. Most patients were in 60 s (60.96 ± 10.75 years old) with a median (interquartile range) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score of 3.00 (4.00) and greater than primary school level of education, and 1657 participants (72.58%) were male. Cognitive evaluation was conducted in 2283 of 2625 patients (82.70%) with MoCA‐Beijing at baseline. Total 292 (12.79%) patients have a cognitive decline at 3 months, 786 (34.42%) patients were stable and 1205 (52.78%) patients were improved. In the logistic regression, a history of hypertension was associated with cognitive deterioration from baseline to 3‐month. Patients with a history of hypertension have a higher risk for cognitive deterioration from baseline to 3‐month after stroke/TIA.
Development and test of a smart multisensory device for preserved eggs
Authors: Ren Yi , Huang Xingyi , Aheto Joshua H. , Jiang Lihua , Qian Chunhua , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiaorui , Yu Shanshan , Wang Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPreserved eggs have exceptional sensory quality traits such as pine‐needle‐like flowers on the surface, reddish‐brown and elastic albumen, dark green umami and runny yolk, ammonia smell, and so forth. In this work, a smart multisensory device equipped with a raspberry Pi, a camera, and visual sensor arrays for odor and taste perception was developed to assist in the evaluation of preserved eggs sensory quality. The feasibility of the device to nondestructively detect the maturation stages of preserved eggs during curing was conducted on preserved eggs with five different maturation stages, yielding an accuracy of 95.00%. To further increase the accuracy of identifying preserved egg brands, this study incorporated three types of intelligent sensory data. The three parts of data were combined into a two‐dimensional matrix, normalization and principal component analysis were carried out, and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was finally established, achieving 91.67% accuracy for brand recognition. The results demonstrated that the device could be employed to provide rapid and accurate characterization of the sensory qualities of preserved eggs, as well as provide useful reference for smart sensory characterization of other food products.Practical ApplicationsProcessors prioritize food safety and quality, which is why producers of preserved eggs frequently face complex and time‐consuming workflows, such as the appointment of sensory evaluators to assess the quality of preserved eggs. The sensory panel, on the other hand, is prone to fatigue.This study presents a smart multi‐sensory device that can collect and analyze sensory data trends from preserved eggs at a speed and interconnectedness that human sensory panels cannot match. The device has an easy‐to‐use interface that allows for the real‐time collection of critical information about consumer acceptance of preserved eggs.The results showed that the device could be used by preserved egg producers to provide rapid and accurate sensory characterization of preserved eggs, as well as a useful reference for smart sensory characterization of other food products.
At‐line monitoring of industrial corn seed classification quality by digital images analysis using smartphone
Authors: Gonzatti Camila Angela , de Souza Alexandro Ricardo Rodrigues , Faqui Demis Pessato , Molz Rolf Fredi , Santos Roberta Oliveira , Tischer Bruna , da Costa Adilson Ben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the PhotoMetrix PRO® application to perform the selection of good quality corn seeds from defective ones, through digital images and the multivariate analysis of color elements. An optimization of the experimental conditions was carried out. Eighteen experiments were performed varying the size of the analysis recipient, the distance of the sample from the smartphone and the size of the region of interest (ROI). A calibration model was built using a partial least squares (PLS) regression model in the determined experimental conditions, and the prediction of external samples was then performed. The conditions that provided the smallest cross‐validation error consisted of using the smaller chamber, the largest ROI, and the longest distance from the smartphone to the sample. The coefficient of determination obtained by the model was .976. In addition, the root‐mean‐square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root‐mean‐square error of cross‐validation (RMSECV) obtained were 1.2% and 4.8%, respectively. In the prediction, two outliers were observed, and the RMSEP dropped to 2.2% when they were removed. The proposed methodology shows great potential to contribute to the industrial process of corn seed production. It is fast, accurate, and low cost, allowing the analysis to be performed 15 times faster than the current process.Practical ApplicationsCorn is one of the most important commodities in Brazil's economy. During the processing of corn seeds in the industry, those of good quality are selected among the others through parameters, such as color and density, for example. The gravity table and the Color Sorter machine are equipment used for this purpose. However, even if the machine's separation is effective, an important percentage of good seeds are wasted. To reduce the waste of good seeds remaining in the tailings of these machines, the operators carry out a manual inspection of tailings samples, determining the quantity of quality seeds present there for later adjustment of the machines. This visual and manual analysis becomes time‐consuming, subjective, and imprecise. Thus, as an alternative, this study proposes the use of digital image and partial least square model built by a mobile app to determine the quantity of quality corn seeds in the machines' wastes.
Dermoscopic classification of melasma: Concordance study and correlation with the melanophages count
Authors: de Abreu Luciana , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia , Quintella Leonardo Pereira , Buçard Alice Mota , Bravo Bruna Souza Félix , de Almeida Andréia Munck , Moreira Ana Carolina Martins Serra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a common hypermelanosis characterized by symmetrical brownish macules, especially on the face. Histologic analysis demonstrates increased epidermal and dermal melanin. Dermoscopy is useful to estimate the depth of the melanin and may help in the diagnosis and classification of melasma, with therapeutic importance.ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic concordance of dermoscopic classification of epidermal or mixed subtypes of melasma and the correlation between dermoscopic and histopathological findings.MethodsTwenty‐eight women with facial melasma, phototypes III to V, ages between 30 and 61 years were selected. Based on the evaluation of clinical and dermoscopic images, two independent observers classified melasma into epidermal or mixed subtypes. The intra and interobserver concordances were calculated. Histopathological analysis of epidermal melanin extension and maximum number of melanophages per high‐power field (400×; HPF) have been assessed. Association between the melanophages count and the dermoscopic classification was evaluated.ResultsIntraobserver agreement was 82.1%, and between observers, from 78.6% to 89.3%, according to the Kappa index. Histopathology revealed increased intraepidermal melanin and the presence of dermal melanophages in all the samples. Ten or more melanophages/HPF was significantly associated with mixed melasma.ConclusionsModerate to substantial concordance in the dermoscopic classification of melasma was found, and the correlation between this classification and the dermal melanophages count have been suggested. Intradermal component of every case of melasma should be considered for therapeutic and prognostic purposes.