bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Pulmonary Toxicity between Hypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated Radiation Therapy in Postmastectomy Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Manna Debojyoti , Sharma Shyam , Roy Chayan , Biswas Linkon , Dasgupta Asmita , Das Tapas Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Hypofractionated schedule has multiple advantages over conventional fractionation radiation therapy in terms of logistics and patient compliance. However, pulmonary toxicity is a major concern in breast cancer radiotherapy about which there are limited data comparing these two radiation regimens.

Objective:
This study aimed at comparing these two radiation schedules in terms of acute pulmonary toxicity and parameters of pulmonary function.

Materials and Methods:
Postmodified radical mastectomy patients with nonmetastatic carcinoma breast were randomized into two groups: study-arm patients received hypofractionated radiotherapy with 42.5 Gy in 16 fractions, over 3.5 weeks, whereas control-arm patients received conventionally fractionated radiotherapy with 50 Gy in 25 fractions, over 5 weeks. Patients underwent pulmonary function test (PFT) before radiotherapy (baseline), then at one and 3 months after completion of radiotherapy for changes in parameters of PFT and acute toxicities.

Results:
PFT changes were comparable in both the arms at day 30 and day 90 postradiation. Incidences of cough 1 month after radiotherapy and 3 months after radiotherapy were comparable (P = 0.3 and 0.07). Higher grade dyspnea at 3 months posttreatment, though numerically was higher in the study arm, was not significant (P = 0.44). In study arm at 90 days postradiation, Grade 2 and Grade 3 radiation pneumonitis were numerically more (15% vs. 3% and 3.5% vs. 0%), but not statistically significant (P = 0.08).

Conclusion:
Both conventional and hypofractionated arms showed almost similar results in terms of acute pulmonary toxicity and change in PFT parameters. Hence, considering the logistic advantages, the hypofractionated schedule can be considered an effective alternative to conventional radiotherapy for postmastectomy breast cancer patients.
Demographic comparison of the first, second and third waves of COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital at Jaipur, India
Authors: Singh Sheetu , Sharma Arvind , Gupta Arvind , Joshi Madhur , Aggarwal Anupriya , Soni Nitika , Sana  , Jain Devendra K. , Verma Pankaj , Khandelwal Deepchand , Singh Virendra 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in India demonstrated three peaks in India, with differences in presentation and outcome in all the three waves. The aim of the paper was to assess differences in the epidemiological, clinical features and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 presenting at a tertiary care hospital in the three waves at Jaipur, India.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital at Jaipur, India. Demographic, clinical features and outcomes were compared of confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted during the first wave (16-7-2020 to 31-1-2021), second wave (16-3-2021 to 6-5-2021) and third wave (1-1-22 to 20-2-22) of the outbreak.

Results:
There were 1006 cases, 639 cases and 125 cases admitted during the three waves, respectively. The cases presenting in the second wave were significantly younger, with significantly higher prevalence of symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, headache, muscle ache, loss of appetite and fatigue (P < 0.05). A significantly higher proportion of patients received Remdesivir in the second wave (P < 0.001). However, in the second wave, the use of low molecular weight heparin, plasma therapy, non-invasive and invasive ventilator were higher (P < 0.001). Co-morbid conditions were significantly higher in the admitted patients during the third wave (P < 0.05). Radiological scores were similar in second and third wave, significantly higher than the first wave. Lymphopenia and rise of inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were more evident in the second wave (P < 0.001). The mean mortality, hospital stay and air-leak complications were also significantly higher in the second wave (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The second wave was more vicious in terms of symptoms, inflammatory markers, radiology, complications, requirement of ventilation and mortality. Mutation in the virus, lack of immunity and vaccination at the time point of second wave could have been the possible causes. The ferocity of the second wave has important implications for the government to formulate task forces for effective management of such pandemics.
Efficacy of tocilizumab in treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Shastri Minal , Raval Darshankumar Manubhai , Bharmal Ummayhany Fakhruddin , Rathod Vaishnavi M , Desai Bhavi , Shah Priyansh V. , Jain Mohak 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, which has affected billions of people across the globe. The pathogenesis of respiratory inflammation involves elevated concentration of interleukin-6; hence, interventions targeting interleukin-6 receptor, such as tocilizumab (TCZ), have been investigated as potential treatment amidst the dilemma of COVID-19 management. The aim of the study is to analyse the efficacy and safety of TCZ and record the outcome in COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective case–control study of 80 patients in each group (N = 160) was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat. Non-pregnant COVID-19–positive patients above 12 years of age were included in the study and were divided into case (those given TCZ) and control (those given standard treatment) groups after collecting their history and related data. From each group, further data was collected in the form of general and systemic examination, investigations and calculation of inflammatory and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores.

Results:
Overall mortality was less in the case group compared to the control group. Patients with moderate to severe disease, age <55 years, patients having no comorbidity and patients with higher oxygen demand had lower deaths when given TCZ. Inflammatory score <3 and SOFA score <6 were associated with reduced mortality in the case group. Additionally, the study found significant results by simultaneously analysing two parameters in combination, which has not been done in any other study to the best of our knowledge.

Conclusions:
Adjuvant TCZ therapy had overall mortality benefit compared to standard treatment, with specific benefit observed in those with increasing disease severity, young to middle-age group, absence of comorbidity, higher oxygen requirements and lower inflammatory and SOFA scores.
Empyema Thoracis- the role of open thoracotomy with decortication in the era of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Sindgikar Vikram , Vallabha Tejaswini , Patil Mallikarjun , Kullolli Girish , Reddy Samhitha 
Published: November 2022

Background: Empyema Thoracis, a condition in which purulent fluid accumulates within the pleural cavity, is commonly caused by bacterial infection (both Gram- positive and Gram-negative), such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and rarely by fungal infection. Timely intervention significantly reduces morbidity and mortality. Surgical intervention is needed in advanced disease. This study aimed evaluate decortications performed through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy. Methods: This retrospective study included 47 patients who underwent decortications by either VATS or open thoracotomy for empyema Thoracis at the Department of Surgery of, BLDE DU Shri B M Patil Medical College from May 2015 to August 2020. Results: Tuberculosis was the most common etiological factor for empyema Thoracis. In 19 patients who underwent VATS decortications, VATS was converted to open thoracotomy in 11 patients. Only 8 patients achieved successful decortication with VATS. Thirty- nine patients (including 11 whose VATS was converted
to open thoracotomy) underwent successful open thoracotomy decortications. Thirty-two patients had postoperative bronchopleural fistula, and all cases were successfully managed conservatively. The timing of the surgical intervention is critical in reducing morbidity and mortality. The more advanced the disease, the higher the failure rate of VATS in attaining complete decortications. Conclusion: Open thoracotomy decortication remains the gold standard in attaining complete decortications in advanced empyema Thoracis.
PHÁT TRIỂN TÀI CHÍNH, TĂNG TRƯỞNG KINH TẾ VÀ CHẤT LƯỢNG THỂ CHẾ Ở CÁC NƯỚC KHU VỰC ĐÔNG NAM Á
Authors: Trâm Nguyễn Huỳnh Mai , Ngọc Bùi Hoàng 
Published: November 2022

TÓM TẮT
Trong thời gian gần đây, tăng trưởng kinh tế tại quốc gia ở khu vực Đông Nam Á rất ấn tượng, vượt trội hơn so với các khu vực khác trên thế giới. Tuy nhiên, sự khác biệt giữa các nền kinh tế trong khu vực thực sự là rất lớn, cả về kinh tế lẫn chất lượng thể chế quản trị. Bài nghiên cứu tiến hành tìm hiểu mối quan hệ giữa tăng trưởng kinh tế, phát triển tài chính, chất lượng thể chế và quản trị của 10 nước trong khu vực Đông Nam Á, trong giai đoạn 2000 – 2017. Các phương pháp hồi quy gộp, tác động cố định và tác động ngẫu nhiên được áp dụng để đưa ra các ước tính. Kết quả chung cho thấy (1) chất lượng thể chế và quản trị tốt hơn thúc đẩy sự phát triển của khu vực tài chính cũng như sự tăng trưởng kinh tế ở cả các nền kinh tế đang phát triển và nền kinh tế phát triển (Singapore); (2) có mối quan hệ nhân quả hai chiều giữa phát triển tài chính và tăng trưởng; và (3) chưa đủ bằng chứng để kết luận rằng độ mở cửa thương mại tác động đến tăng trưởng kinh tế, chất lượng thể chế và sự phát triển tài chính trong mẫu nghiên cứu này.
Từ khóa: tăng trưởng kinh tế, phát triển tài chính, chất lượng thể chế, quản trị, Đông Nam Á.
ABSTRACT
In recent times, the economic growth in Southeast Asia has been impressive, outperforming other regions of the world. However, the difference between economies in the region is really huge, both in terms of economy and quality of governance institutions. The study investigates the relationship between economic growth, financial development, institutional quality, and governance of 10 countries in Southeast Asia, from the period 2000 - 2017. Pooled ordinary least squares, fixed, and random effect methods are used to make the estimates. The overall results show that (1) better institutional quality and governance promote the development of the financial sector as well as economic growth in both developing and developed economies (Singapore); (2) there is a two-way causal relationship between financial development and growth; and (3) there is not enough evidence to conclude that trade openness affects economic growth, institutional quality, and financial development in this sample.
Keywords: economic growth, financial development, institutional quality, governance, ASEAN.
Cách Nâng Cao Tính Hợp Lệ Trong Các Bài Kiểm Tra Thành Tích
Authors: Tuyến Nguyễn Thị Kim 
Published: November 2022

Trong thực tiễn giáo dục, đánh giá là một quá trình liên tục bao gồm một loạt các kỹ thuật phương pháp luận. Bất cứ khi nào học sinh trả lời một câu hỏi, đưa ra nhận xét, hoặc thử một từ hoặc cấu trúc mới, giáo viên sẽ đánh giá kết quả học tập của học sinh một cách tiềm thức. Một giáo viên giỏi không bao giờ ngừng đánh giá học sinh, cho dù những đánh giá đó là vô tình hay cố ý. Kiểm tra là một tập hợp con của đánh giá, một phạm trù của các kỹ thuật đánh giá. Bài kiểm tra là một phương pháp đo lường khả năng, kiến thức hoặc hiệu suất của một người trong một lĩnh vực nhất định. Bài kiểm tra thành tích được coi là hình thức phổ biến nhất để đánh giá dựa trên lớp học. Tuy nhiên, bài kiểm tra đó không thể đánh giá năng lực của học sinh nếu chúng không có giá trị, một yếu tố rất quan trọng để làm cho bài kiểm tra có giá trị. Trong bài báo này, người viết sẽ trình bày tầm quan trọng của tính hợp lệ và giới thiệu một vài cách để nâng cao tính hợp lệ của các bài kiểm tra thành tích.
In educational practice, assessment is an ongoing process that includes a range of methodological techniques. Whenever a student answers a question, makes a comment, or tries a new word or structure, the teacher subconsciously evaluates the student's performance. A good teacher never stops evaluating students, whether those assessments are accidental or intentional.
Testing is a subset of evaluation, a category of assessment techniques. A test is a method of measuring a person's ability, knowledge or performance in a certain field. Achievement tests (AT) are considered the most common kind for classroom-based assessment. AT are referred to as "standardized tests" designed to measure the general supply of knowledge a student has accumulated in a specific subject. However, they cannot evaluate the students’ ability if they do not have validity, a very important factor to make the test valid. In this paper, the writer will present the importance of validity and find some ways to enhance content validity in achievement tests.
Một nghiên cứu so sánh các không gian màu cho nhận dạng hình ảnh đám mây dựa trên đặc trưng LBP và đặc trưng LTP
Authors: Hong Ha Duong Thi , Tuan Dzi Lam Tran 
Published: November 2022

Tóm tắt
Bài toán phân loại sử dụng mô tả texture được áp dụng rộng rãi trong việc nhận dạng hình ảnh đám mây trên mặt đất do hiệu quả của nó. Phương pháp Local Binary Pattern (LBP) và các biến thể của LBP thường được sử dụng để nghiên cứu trong việc biểu diễn hình ảnh đám mây. Sự lựa chọn không gian màu thích hợp có thể nâng cao hiệu suất của hệ thống nhận dạng cho nhiều ứng dụng. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi đề xuất một nghiên cứu so sánh để chọn không gian ứng viên tốt nhất để mã hóa hình ảnh đám mây bằng cách hợp nhất nhiều phương pháp mô tả texture. Phương pháp đề xuất được đánh giá trên cơ sở dữ liệu SWIMCAT.
ABSTRACT
The texture classification problem is widely applied for groundbased cloud images recognition due to its efficiency. Local Binary Pattern and its variants are usually investigated to represent cloud images. The appropriate choice of color space might enhance performance of the recognition system for many applications. In this paper, we propose a comparative study to select the best candidate’s space for coding cloud images by fusing multiple texture description methods. The proposed approach is evaluated on the SWIMCAT database.
Notas de Jurisprudencia.- Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Escribano López Francisco 
Published: November 2022

Sumario:
- 1. Sentencia 186/2021 de 28 de octubre de 2021 (BOE de 25 de noviembre). Ponente: Don Pedro José González-Trevijano Sánchez.
- BOE(s) de 20 de septiembre a 17 de diciembre de 2021 se han publicado las SSTC 149 a 192.
Las políticas de buen gobierno en Andalucía
Authors: Armas Castilla Noel 
Published: November 2022

Este libro recoge una serie de trabajos, con una interesante variedad temática, suscritos por distintos especialistas, prácticamente todos vinculados al Derecho Administrativo, en torno a los distintos elementos que componen el buen gobierno en Andalucía.
La obra se presenta en dos tomos. El primero está consagrado a la digitalización y a la transparencia. El segundo trata el concepto de smart regulation así como la simplificación administrativa, la participación ciudadana y la integridad.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI GENERAL LEDGER MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER PADA PT. FAJAR PANGAN LESTARI
Authors: Sutanto Sutanto , Fatoni Ahmad 
Published: November 2022

PT. Fajar Pangan Lestari is a company engaged in the Unilever distributor that has a financial activity, at this time the recording of financial activities is still done manually or handwritten which is less effective and less efficient in the recording process, this will complicate the process of creating an account automatically. details, looks for daily cash statement transactions and allows errors in recording debit or credit. Therefore, an application is made that can manage accounts in detail, process transaction searches efficiently and group debit credits in a balanced way for a transaction. This application is made using Codeigniter Framework and MySQLI as database processing software. This application is also designed using UML (Unified Modeling Language) and waterfall as a system development method with the stages of needs analysis, system design, program code writing, application testing. The conclusion from this research is that this system makes it easier for companies to make more effective daily reports, grouping debit credit transactions more effectively and the accounts needed for more detailed transactions
DESIGNING MADING ONLINE AT AMIK WAHANA MANDIRI, SOUTH TANGERANG
Authors: Effendi Rustam , Efendi Yasin 
Published: November 2022

Mading in general contains positive and informative things so that it can be an up to date, cheap, and creative communication medium. In terms of campus information, Mading can be conveyed news about the progress of the campus, both in the academic side of students and teaching lecturers as well as campus facilities and infrastructure. Inseparable from that, Mading Kampus can function as a campus promotion medium. However, with the development of the technological age that is increasingly practical in sharing information, Mading's role on campus is less interested by students because it is less interesting and less practical. In terms of work and achievements, Mading will accommodate the creativity of students who are very diverse in the form of ideas, ideas, thoughts, imagination, art, existing creative power. There needs to be a place to channel this creativity, therefore it is necessary to form an Online Mading at the dynamic AMIK Wahana Mandiri South Tangerang Campus by utilizing advanced PHP-based web technology.
Keywords : Mading, Online, Web, PHP, MySQL, Technology, Information
Penggerak Komunikasi dalam Perbualan dan Teknologi Komunikasi: Satu Sorotan Literatur Bersistematik
Authors: Mohd Nasir Sarah Nur Najwa Binti , Yusof Maslida 
Published: November 2022

Berbasa-basi yang juga dikenali sebagai penggerak komunikasi adalah salah satu fungsi bahasa yang diujarkan untuk mengekalkan hubungan sosial dalam situasi berkomunikasi. Ujaran penggerak komunikasi dapat ditemui dalam pelbagai situasi komunikasi dan disampaikan dalam pelbagai bentuk dan fungsi. Dengan kewujudan teknologi komunikasi seperti platform pemesejan dan perhubungan, dan penggunaan media tertentu untuk berkomunikasi, unsur penggerak komunikasi juga ditemui dalam teknologi komunikasi. Kajian penggerak komunikasi bukan sahaja dijalankan dalam bidang komunikasi dan bidang bahasa, tetapi juga bidang lain seperti perubatan dan pendidikan. Justeru, sorotan literatur bersistematik mengenai kajian penggerak komunikasi adalah penting untuk memperlihatkan himpunan kajian lepas dari pelbagai bidang yang lebih sistematik dan telus. Proses sorotan literatur bersistematik ini mengetengahkan beberapa panduan seperti protokol ROSES (Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses), pembentukan persoalan kajian, strategi pencarian bersistematik yang mengandungi proses pengenalpastian, saringan dan kesahan artikel melalui pangkalan data Google Scholar dan Scopus. Langkah seterusnya diikuti dengan penilaian kualiti, sintesis dan analisis data. Sebagai hasil kajian, sorotan ini mengeluarkan fokus kajian-kajian lepas, mengkategorikan artikel ke dalam kategori kajian penggerak komunikasi dalam perbualan dan kajian penggerak komunikasi yang berkait dengan teknologi komunikasi. Sorotan literatur bersistematik ini membantu pembaca dan pengkaji seterusnya untuk melihat kajian-kajian lepas yang relevan dengan lebih mudah dan teratur.
Kebahagiaan dalam kalangan Pensyarah di Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Aziz Abdul Rashid 
Published: November 2022

Tahap kesihatan mental rakyat Malaysia kini dilihat berada dalam keadaan yang membimbangkan apabila statistik menunjukkan peratus individu yang mengalami penyakit mental dan kes bunuh diri kian meningkat saban tahun. Tahap kesihatan mental pula berkait rapat dengan tahap kebahagiaan individu dalam kehidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor termasuk faktor pekerjaan. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti tahap semasa kebahagiaan bagi komponen afektif dan kognitif dalam kalangan pensyarah. Kajian ini merupakan kajian deskriptif melibatkan 645 orang pensyarah dari universiti penyelidikan di Malaysia yang dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan rawak. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap keseluruhan bagi kebahagiaan pensyarah berada pada aras tinggi iaitu sebanyak 95.5 peratus (n=616). Seterusnya, hasil dapatan turut menunjukkan tahap emosi (afektif) bahagia yang dialami oleh pensyarah adalah tinggi iaitu sebanyak 95.2 peratus (n=614) dan bagi komponen pemikiran (kognitif) bahagia adalah juga pada aras tinggi iaitu sebanyak 94.1 peratus (n=607). Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat sejumlah kecil dalam kalangan pensyarah yang masih mempunyai tahap kebahagiaan yang rendah dari aspek emosi, kognitif dan keseluruhan. Kajian ini dapat menjadi panduan kepada pihak universiti dan Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi dalam menjalankan apa jua polisi agar ia dapat melahirkan pensyarah yang bahagia dan berkualiti yang seterusnya menjamin kualiti para graduan yang dilahirkan oleh setiap universiti.
Prevalence of HIV Infection among Health Care Workers in Major Health Care Settings in Eastern Part of Libya
Authors: Eljamay Salwa Muftah , Boras Emhamed , ALsheek Aziza. M.AGWIDA , Elhsadi Rabie A Ali 
Published: November 2022

Health care workers (HCWs) who have occupational exposure to blood are at increased risk for acquiring blood-borne infections. Aims of the study: To determine the prevalence of HIV among HCWs in five major hospitals in the eastern part of Libya. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample; this study was done on 601 of HCWs healthcare workers in five major healthcare settings in the eastern part of Libya, during the period between July 2008 to June 2009 rapid methods for HIV, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A structured and anonymous questionnaire sheet was filled by each of the HCWs through direct personal interviews. After verbal consent 5-10 ml, a blood sample was extracted from each HCW. Results: The majority of HCWs (89.0%) were able to identify that HIV is caused by viruses and not by other microorganisms like bacteria or parasites. Although the majority of HCWs know that contamination with blood or blood products, unsterilized needles or surgical instruments, unsafe sex, folk behaviour like tattooing and piercing, and sharing personal items (e.g. toothbrush, razor, and nail scissors) are essential modes of transmission of these viruses, however many of them were falsely reported that sharing clothes, usage of same toilet and skin contact are also an important mode of transmission of these viruses. Moreover, most HCWs did not believe that the infected persons with these viruses may remain asymptomatic for a long time and always persist for one‘s whole life. More than one-third of HCWs were unaware of any available policy or procedure for reporting sharp injuries in their place of work. Moreover, the majority of HCWs (88.7%) do not use needle removers or needle cutters before disposing of injection pieces of equipment. Furthermore, half of the HCWs do not have sufficient quantities of sharps boxes to dispose of sharps safely in their workplaces. More surprisingly, more than half of the studied HCWs never attend any education or training programs on infection control and prevention during their previous work careers. As for HIV infection, it is almost non-existent (0.0%), Conclusion: The present study showed that no infection by HIV and the lack of educational programs and the lack of post-exposure documentation are concerns. A clear, thoughtful, well-planned and carefully structured risk reduction approach to hospital infection control is needed for this high-risk population.