bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical perspectives of Bakhar: an indigenous starter culture used to prepare traditionally fermented rice beverage in rural West Bengal, India
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Sen Sukanta K. , Mondal Subrata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHaria, a fermented rice beverage, is commonly consumed as a traditional drink by the tribal people of rural West Bengal. This beverage is prepared by fermenting steamed rice with the starter culture tablets, known as Bakhar. It is known that some plant parts are added during Bakhar preparation that confer certain ethnomedicinal properties to the beverage as well as to Bakhar itself. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted that allowed documenting the traditional knowledge regarding this ethnic beverage preparation and it reveals that 10 plant species and one lichen species are used by the Santal tribe to prepare the Bakhar. Among them, roots of Kedar, Chaoli, rhizome of Bach, and bark of Lodh plants are essential, while other plant parts are used due to their specific taste, flavor, and therapeutic properties. But nowadays little or no plant additives are used during commercial Haria preparation for cost-effectiveness. Homemade and commercially produced Haria were investigated for their nutritional quality which revealed that homemade beverage contains more bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid (15.40 mg/100 ml) and flavonoids (36.67 mg/100 ml), which contribute toward the antioxidant property of the beverage. This current study documents the important medicinal plants used in the starter culture, the detailed process of Bakhar and Haria preparation, and the nutritional quality of Haria highlighting its ethnomedicinal properties.
Effect of preoperative ultrasound mapping of the saphenous vein on leg wound complications after coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Media Ara Shwan , Rajendran Rathini , Kimose Hans Henrik , El-Akkawi Ali Imad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The long saphenous vein is one of the most used conduits for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the existing evidence regarding the effects of preoperative ultrasound mapping of the long saphenous vein with special attention to leg wound complications in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Main text
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Extraction of relevant data was performed including study characteristics, patient characteristics, and all reported outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. The primary outcome measure was leg wound infections.
Of 4514 papers screened in this systematic review, 36 papers underwent full-text assessment with final inclusion of 5 studies; 3 observational studies, and 2 randomized trials. The two randomized controlled trials showed no effects of preoperative ultrasound. Data from the three non-randomized studies was pooled in a meta-analysis, which suggested a significant reduction in the risk of harvest wound complications by ultrasound mapping prior to surgery (RR 0.32; 95%CI = [0.19–0.55]).

Conclusions
The main findings of this systematic review showed, that (1) the evidence in this field is limited and of low quality, i.e., low power or methodology and (2) despite limitations of the included studies, preoperative ultrasound mapping of the saphenous vein seems to be beneficial in terms of reducing the risk of postoperative leg wound complications.
Physiotherapists’ perception on first contact practice in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Stanley Maduagwu , Muftaudeen Maryam , Muonwe Chidile , Umeonwuka Chuka Ifeanyi , Nwanne Chiamaka Ann , Ishaku Cornelius Mahdi , Okonkwo Uchenna Prosper , Ihegihu Ebere Yvonne , Nwosu Ifeoma , Modu Ali Alhaji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Physiotherapy has evolved over the years in training and practice. Physiotherapists’ perception of first contact physiotherapy (FCP) and the patient self-referral (PSR) practice model in Nigeria may form a basis for the actualization of FCP practice in Nigeria. This study assessed physiotherapists’ perception of FCP practice and PSR in Nigeria.

Design and setting
This study was a cross-sectional survey of 72 physiotherapists from purposively selected academic and health institutions.

Methods
A previously validated questionnaire on the global view of FCP and PSR was used in this study. Data were analyzed descriptively.

Results
The majority of the physiotherapists were aware of national legislation regulating physiotherapy practice (97.2%) and defined the scope of practice (94%) in Nigeria. Respondents who expressed the view that the expected competency of entry-level physiotherapy is sufficient for first contact practitioners were in preponderance (75%). More than half (52.8%) of the respondents perceived medical and political views, as well as professional skills of the physiotherapists as strong barriers to first contact physiotherapy practice in Nigeria.

Conclusion
Physiotherapists in Nigeria seem to intuitively recognize some form of first contact practice or direct access to patients, but unfortunately lack the legislative backing for such practices. There is a widespread assumption of professional autonomy among physiotherapists in Nigeria.
Molecular Mechanisms of the Medicines for COVID-19
Authors: Komiyama Makoto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For these three years, COVID-19 has globally spread and caused enormous damage all over the world. Although vaccines served to reduce its infection, their effects are still limited mainly due to rapid and vigorous mutations of SARS-CoV-2 virus. In order to bring this pandemic under control, we must develop novel medicines which are easily administered when needed and very effective without undesired side-effects. In this account, the developments of specific medicines for COVID-19 are surveyed with the emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of their therapeutic actions. Most of them are inhibitors of enzymes, which are indispensable for the virus, but unnecessary for human beings. These inhibitors selectively hamper the critical steps for viral proliferation (viral entry to human cells, replication of RNA genome, production of viral proteins, and others). There have been several successful examples, which are already approved as medicines for the treatment of COVID-19. Unfortunately, however, few of them sufficiently satisfy all the requirements to overcome this unprecedented pandemic completely, and thus further innovation is necessary.
Case Report: Incidental finding of didelphys uterus in a multigravida woman at Caesarean delivery
Authors: Awolude Olutosin , Olutoye Ademola , Obajimi Gbolahan 
Published: July 2022

Didelphys uterus is one of the rarest Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA) of the female genital tract. Many remain undiagnosed due to possibilities of successful pregnancies and vaginal deliveries in those without or with mild forms of associated cervical and/or vaginal anomalies. Due to this, data on didelphys uterus in pregnancy are rare, with most cases seen during routine ultrasound in pregnancies’ Caesarean section for other obstetric indications. This case was a 36-year-old G4P1+2 female who had successful vaginal delivery in her preceding pregnancy; in index pregnancy, she presented with fetal footling breech in labour and had an emergency caesarean section during which uterine didelphys was diagnosed. Many pregnant women with didelphys uterus will deliver vaginally and, as such, remain undiagnosed. Its presence is one of the possible reasons for persistent abnormal presentations like fetal breech presentation, especially in women with prior successful vaginal deliveries. Early recognition and availability of facilities for management of such incidentally found cases of uterine didelphys will prevent many of the complications associated with pregnancy with them.
Case Report: β-thalassemia major on the East African coast
Authors: Macharia Alexander W. , Mochamah George , Makale Johnstone , Howard Thad , Mturi Neema , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Färnert Anna , Ware Russell E. , Williams Thomas N. 
Published: July 2022

Background: β-thalassemia is rare in sub-Saharan Africa and to our knowledge there has been no case of homozygous β-thalassemia major reported from this region. In a recent cohort study, we identified four β-thalassemia mutations among 83 heterozygous carriers in Kilifi, Kenya. One of the mutations identified was a rare β-globin gene initiation codon mutation (ATG➝ACG) (rs33941849). Here we present a patient with β-thalassemia major resulting from this mutation, only the second homozygous patient to have been reported. Methods: The female patient presented to Kilifi County Hospital aged two years with a one week left sided abdominal swelling. Clinical, hematological and genetic information were collected at admission and follow-up. Results: Admission bloods revealed marked anemia, with a hemoglobin (Hb) value of 6.6 g/dL and a low mean corpuscular volume of 64 fL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the absence of HbA0 and elevated levels of HbF, suggesting a diagnosis of β-thalassemia major. Sequencing revealed that the child was homozygous for the rs33941849 initiation codon mutation. Conclusions: We hope that this study will create awareness regarding the presence of β-thalassemia as a potential public health problem in the East Africa region and will prompt the development of local guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management of this condition.
Characterising the index mothers in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) who are also UKBioBank participants
Authors: Mummé Mark , Boyd Andy , Teyhan Alison , Thomas Richard , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2022

Background: This is an examination of the characteristics of the women who enrolled into both the ALSPAC cohort during the initial recruitment phase in 1991-1992 and subsequently into the UKBiobank (UKBB) cohort from 2007 to 2010. There is substantial overlap in recruitment across the two cohorts with the existing Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) sampling frame being included in that deployed latterly for UKBiobank. Methods: A process was developed using anonymisation and encryption to flag individuals participating in both studies without revealing the identity of those participants. A description of participant characteristics was undertaken to compare the demographic, socio-economic, locational, consent and participatory characteristics of the women in ALSPAC who were also eligible to participate in UKBiobank by their UKBB participation status. Results: The ALSPAC mothers enrolled in UKBB were more engaged in and contributed more data to ALSPAC than those who were eligible to join UKBB but did not enrol. The women in both studies were more likely to be married, have higher levels of education attainment and more financial stability than their counterparts who were only enrolled in ALSPAC. Conclusion: It is possible these characteristics are reflected more generally within UKBB compared to the wider population.
The Impact of Screen Time and Mobile Dependency on Cognition, Socialization and Behaviour Among Early Childhood Students During the Covid Pandemic- Perception of the Parents
Authors: Vadakkemulanjanal Joseph Genimon , Thomas M Agnes , Elizabeth Sneha , Vargheese Stephiya , Thomas Jebin 
Published: July 2022

Digital technology systems are adopted rapidly throughout the globe for the virtual learning process especially with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Digital screen-based gadgets are integrated to provide a seamless interactive medium of learning even before the initiation of formal education. Studies on the technology use of younger children are critical as uncontrolled gadget use affects their developmental stages yet these studies are still in the infancy stage. This study analyses the psychoeducational impact of extended use of digital gadgets and mobile dependency on early childhood manifested through their cognition, socialization and behaviour. This descriptive study is based on the random responses of 511 parents about their young children of 3-6 years distributed at five civil districts of Kerala State. From the analysis, it is found that the extended use of digital gadgets influenced young children’s mobile dependency, socialization process, cognition and behaviour patterns. The young children exhibited alienation tendencies and behavioural deviations which are correlated to their screen time. Both male and female reported similar results. Significant differences were observed with respect to the age of the children and their parental characteristics. Their mobile dependency mediated their extended digital Screen Time to the Behaviour. Significant relation was predicted by extended Screen Time on Behaviour of the students with a partial sequential path through mobile Dependency, Cognition and Socialization. The study shed light on the urgency of parental care and implementation of a balanced gadget usage system to reduce the detrimental impacts of psychoeducational factors.
Digital Media Literacy In the Age of Mis/Disinformation: The Case of Moroccan University Students
Authors: Mrah Isam 
Published: July 2022

This paper set out to explore online users' perceptions, attitudes, and practices towards mis/disinformation on social networking sites and investigate how they engage with, identify, and evaluate information disorder on social networking sites. The correlation study provides empirical insights into the complex relationship between digital media literacy and online information processing. To this end, a web-based survey was administered to gauge Moroccan undergraduate students' digital media literacy skills, particularly in what regards their ability to identify and evaluate the credibility of information online. The data obtained are consistent with the hypothesis guiding this research that there is a significant relationship between digital media literacy skills (DMLS) and students' ability to identify information disorder online (IDO). Based on the empirical findings, important implications and strategies for higher education institutions are addressed to help students become more digitally media literate consumers of information.
Una aproximación al concepto de evaluación para el aprendizaje y al feedback con función reguladora a partir de los diarios docentes
Authors: Nieves de la Vega Iolanda 
Published: July 2022

Los apartados que forman este trabajo se han tejido a partir palabra aprender. Aprender deriva del latín apprehendere, compuesta por el prefijo ad- (hacia), el prefijo prae- (antes) y el verbo hendere (coger, asir, agarrar). Henedere asimismo viene de hedera (hiedra), que significa enredar atrapar.
En la primera parte, aprender descubriendo, se realiza un recorrido por el significado del desarrollo profesional docente, la autorregulación y la metacognición en el ejercicio profesional y el concepto de funciones ejecutivas así como su relación con los procesos de autorregulación.
En la segunda parte, aprender haciendo, se pone de relieve el valor de los diarios reflexivos como herramienta de desarrollo profesional.
En la tercera parte, aprender pensando, se muestra la investigación, los objetivos, el diseño metodológico, la categorización del corpus textual, los resultados y se lleva a cabo una discusión que entrelaza los resultados obtenidos con las evidencias y estudios teóricos.
En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo una investigación cualitativa interpretativa basada en el análisis y la conceptualización de las reflexiones pedagógicas alrededor de los conceptos evaluación, autorregulación y feedback de un grupo de docentes en activo y a lo largo de una formación.
Para ello se ha analizado el corpus textual de diarios reflexivos docentes con el objetivo de establecer unas categorías emergentes en relación con la evaluación, la autorregulación y la conceptualización del feedback a partir de las reflexiones realizadas desde la práctica pedagógica y su relación con aportaciones derivadas de las evidencias científicas y de las investigaciones.
Effects of working pressure on the material and defect properties of Sb2S3 thin-film solar cells achieved by the VTD method
Authors: Qin Deyang , Wang Rui , Wang Youyang , Pan Yanlin , Weng Guoen , Hu Xiaobo , Tao Jiahua , Chen Shaoqiang , Zhu Ziqiang , Chu Junhao 
Published: July 2022

Antimony sulfide (

S
b

2

S

3

), an emerging material for photovoltaic devices, has drawn growing research interest due to its inexpensive and high-throughput device production. In this study, the material and defect properties of

S
b

2

S

3

thin films prepared by the vapor transport deposition (VTD) method at different working pressures were studied. Solar cells based on a structure of

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a
s
s

/

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/

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d
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/

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b

2

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were fabricated. The working pressure showed a significant effect on the device’s performance. The current density versus voltage measurement and scanning electron microscopy analysis outcome were utilized to investigate the photovoltaic and microstructural properties in the samples. The compositional analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement confirmed the Sb/S ratio as 2:2.8 for the thin films. The identification and characterization of the defects present in

S
b

2

S

3

thin films were performed via admittance measurements. Compared to the defect density, the defect energy level was found to inherit a more important role in the device’s performance. The best solar cell performance with better crystal quality, lower defect density, and longer capture lifetime was achieved under the substrate working pressure of 2 Pa. The highest efficiency was found to be 0.86% with

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=

0.55

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=

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.
Microwave frequency measurement using a silicon integrated microring resonator
Authors: Cao Ruidong , He Yuting , Zheng Ruiqi , He Ziwen , Zhi Yanyan , Wang Xudong , Zhang Jiejun , Yao Jianping 
Published: July 2022

Photonics-assisted instantaneous frequency measurement of a microwave signal using a silicon integrated microring resonator (MRR) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The frequency of a microwave signal has a unique relationship with the power ratio between the two microwave signals at the outputs of two microwave photonic filters (MPF) with complementary frequency responses. The key device to implement the MPFs is a silicon integrated MMR, which is employed to convert a phase-modulated optical signal to an intensity-modulated optical signal by placing two optical carriers at the complementary slopes of the MRR. For a given frequency measurement range and resolution, an MRR is designed and fabricated, and its use for instantaneous microwave frequency (IMF) measurement is implemented. For the fabricated MRR, an IMF measurement range of 14–25 GHz with a measurement accuracy of

±

0.2

G
H
z

is achieved.
ReSAW: a reconfigurable and picosecond-synchronized optical data center network based on an AWGR and the WR protocol
Authors: Zhao Zuoqing , Xue Xuwei , Guo Bingli , Zhao Yisong , Zhang Xinwei , Guo Yuanzhi , Ji Wei , Yin Rui , Chen Bin , Huang Shanguo 
Published: July 2022

The explosive growth of data center (DC) traffic imposes unprecedented challenges on the current electrical switch-based data center networks (DCNs) with the bottleneck of limited bandwidth and high latency. Benefitting from transparency to the data rate and format, optical switching with theoretically infinite bandwidth could overcome the bandwidth bottleneck of electrical switching DCNs. However, DCNs normally deploy multitenant applications with a variety of DC traffic. It is hard to reconfigure the optical interconnections in real-time to provide adaptable bandwidth to the traffic with heterogeneous characteristics. Moreover, to improve the bandwidth utilization, statistical multiplexing is generally deployed in optical DCNs to forward the traffic flow in a time slot, which requires the network time to be precisely synchronized to all network nodes. For fast optical switches with a nanosecond switching configuration time, overall end node times must be synchronized at subnanosecond magnitude. In this paper, we propose and experimentally investigate a reconfigurable and picosecond-synchronized optical DCN (ReSAW) based on an arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) and the White Rabbit (WR) protocol. A scheduler based on a distributed field-programmable gate array is implemented in the proposed ReSAW to realize flexible wavelength configuration by controlling the fast laser array based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) according to time slot and traffic priority. Moreover, the WR protocol is implemented in optical DCNs for what we believe is the first time to synchronize the time of the distributed top of racks (ToRs). The experimental demonstration validates that ReSAW achieves an average end-to-end latency of 317.44 ns and a precise synchronized time with an average 386 ps skew. When the load is 0.4, the packet loss after ReSAW reconfiguration is less than

1.83

×

10

−
6

, and the network latency is less than 1.73 µs. Based on the experimental parameters and results, the OMNeT++ simulation model is built to further verify the reconfigurability and scalability of the ReSAW network. Results show that the packet loss rate and latency performance increase 8.24% and 12.47%, respectively, at a load of 0.6 as the ReSAW network scales from 2560 to 40,960 servers compared to before the reconfiguration.
CHA2DS2-VASc score as an independent outcome predictor in patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Su Chun-Hung , Lo Chien-Hsien , Chen Hsin-Hung , Tsai Chin-Feng , Yip Hei-Tung , Hsu Kai-Cheng , Hsu Chung Y. , Kao Chia-Hung ,   Taiwan Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant independent risk factor for 1-year mortality in patients with first acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The CHA2DS2-VASc score was initially developed to assess the risk of stroke in patients with AF. Recently, this scoring system has been demonstrated to have clinical value for predicting long-term clinical outcomes in AIS but the evidence is insufficient. This large-scale prospective cohort study investigated the independent predictive value of the score in such patients.

Methods
We included patients with AIS from the Taiwan Stroke Registry (TSR) during 2006–2016 as the present study population. Patients were divided into those with high (≥2) and low (<2) CHA2DS2-VASc scores. We further analyzed and classified patients according to the presence of AF. The clinical endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) at 1 year after the index AIS.

Results
A total of 62,227 patients with AIS were enrolled. The median age was 70.3 years, and 59% of the patients were women. After confounding factors were controlled, patients with high CHA2DS2-VASc scores had significantly higher incidence of 1-year MACCEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52, 1.76), re-stroke (adjusted HR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.42), and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.83, 2.24) than those with low CHA2DS2-VASc scores did. In the comparison between AF and non-AF groups, the AF group had increased MACCEs (adjusted HR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.60, 1.89), myocardial infarction (adjusted HR = 4.86; 95% CI = 2.07, 11.4), re-stroke (adjusted HR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.71), and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.72, 2.10). The Kaplan–Meier curve revealed that both CHA2DS2-VASc scores and AF were independent risk predictors for 1-year MACCEs and mortality.

Conclusions
The CHA2DS2-VASc score and AF appeared to consistently predict 1-year MACCEs of AIS patients and provide more accurate risk stratification. Therefore, increased use of the CHA2DS2-VASc score may help improve the holistic clinical assessment of AIS patients with or without AF.