bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying trajectories of fatigue in patients with primary mitochondrial disease due to the m.3243A > G variant
Authors: Klein Inge‐Lot , Verhaak Christianne M. , Smeitink Jan A. M. , de Laat Paul , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Custers José A. E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSevere fatigue is a common complaint in patients with primary mitochondrial disease. However, less is known about the course of fatigue over time. This longitudinal observational cohort study of patients with the mitochondrial DNA 3243 A>G variant explored trajectories of fatigue over 2 years, and characteristics of patients within these fatigue trajectories. Fifty‐three adult patients treated at the Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen were included. The majority of the patients reported consistent, severe fatigue (41%), followed by patients with a mixed pattern of severe and mild fatigue (36%). Then, 23% of patients reported stable mild fatigue levels. Patients with a stable high fatigue trajectory were characterized by higher disease manifestations scores, more clinically relevant mental health symptoms, and lower psychosocial functioning and quality of life compared to patients reporting stable low fatigue levels. Fatigue at baseline and disease manifestation scores predicted fatigue severity at the 2‐year assessment (57% explained variance). This study demonstrates that severe fatigue is a common and stable complaint in the majority of patients. Clinicians should be aware of severe fatigue in patients with moderate to severe disease manifestation scores on the Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Scale, the high prevalence of clinically relevant mental health symptoms and overall impact on quality of life in these patients. Screening of fatigue and psychosocial variables will guide suitable individualized treatment to improve the quality of life.
Proportion of asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: A systematic review and analysis
Authors: Yu Weien , Guo Yifei , Zhang Shenyan , Kong Yide , Shen Zhongliang , Zhang Jiming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant seemed to cause milder disease compared to previous predominated variants. We aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis to assess the pooled proportion of nonsevere disease and asymptomatic infection among COVID‐19 patients infected with Omicron and Delta. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. We included studies of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection from November 1, 2021, to April 18, 2022, and studies of Delta infection from October 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022. Studies without corresponding data, with less than 50 patients, or obviously biased concerning main outcome were excluded. Meta‐analysis was performed in R 4.2.0 with the “meta” package. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study group and vaccination status. The pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease with Omicron were 25.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.0%–38.2%) and 97.9% (95% CI 97.1%–98.7%), significantly higher than those of Delta with 8.4% (95% CI 4.4%–16.2%) and 91.4% (95% CI 87.0%–96.0%). During Omicron wave, children and adolescents had higher proportion of asymptomatic infection, SOTR and the elderly had lower proportion of nonsevere disease, vaccination of a booster dose contributed to higher proportion of both asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease. This study estimates the pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection and nonsevere disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron compared to other predominant variants. The result has important implications for future policy making.
Faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) seed press cake flour: production, characterization and application for use in cookies
Authors: Ribeiro Penha Patrícia Cabral , Junior Francisco Humberto Xavier , do Nascimento Silva Camilla Gleyse , da Silva Thainar Michelle Bezerra , Corrêa Bianca Batista Mota , de Veras Bruno Oliveira , de Magalhães Cordeiro Angela Maria Tribuzy , de Andrade Vieira Érica , de Sousa Júnior Francisco Canindé , da Silva Chaves Damasceno Karla Suzanne Florentino , Stamford Thayza Christina Montenegro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood processing produces large volumes of waste that can be transformed into useful and relevant ingredients. The by‐product of oil extraction from faveleira seeds is a potentially low‐cost raw material that can be used for obtaining functional foods. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) seed press cake flour (FSPCF). Additionally, the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and physical, microbiological, and sensory aspects of cookies with 0, 25%, or 50% substitution of refined wheat flour (RWF) with FSPCF (0‐FSPCF, 25‐FSPCF, and 50‐FSPCF cookies, respectively) were evaluated.RESULTSFSPCF exhibited good physicochemical properties, high antioxidant activity (0.45 ± 0.00 and 42.83 ± 1.30 g TE g−1 for the DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively), and high polyphenol content (particularly gallic acid at 21015.85 ± 4981.76 g kg−1) and is also rich in minerals and fiber (359.40 ± 1.10 g kg−1). Replacement of RWF with FSPCF increased the activity of antioxidants and the levels of polyphenols, ash, lipids, proteins, and fibers. The 50‐FSPCF cookie possessed the highest linoleic acid content (97.50 ± 8.47 g kg−1). Flour replacement influenced the weight of the cookies without affecting the other physical characteristics. The cookies yielded good sensory acceptance and purchase intentions. Contamination was not detected.CONCLUSIONFaveleira flour possesses high nutritional and bioactive value and can be used as a functional ingredient in cookies and possibly in other bakery products such as bread, cakes, and pastas. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
TFT‐LCD mura defect visual inspection method in multiple backgrounds
Authors: Chen Mingfang , Chen Ping , Wang Sen , Cui Yu , Zhang Yongxia , Chen Songlin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe defect of mura of thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD) panel is small, and the gray change is unknown. In manual detection, mura is easily overlooked, which is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. These factors resulted in our inability to properly assess and distinguish multiple mura defects on a single image in field inspections. Aiming at the above problems, this article proposes a multibackground TFT‐LCD mura defect visual inspection method. To obtain the optimal algorithm under high‐precision and high‐speed detection and to overcome the problem of missed detection of the YOLOV4‐tiny algorithm, the spatial pyramid pooling module and squeeze‐and‐excitation module are added on the basis of the original framework. On the one hand, the advantage of the improved algorithm in this article is to focus on the key information, so that the information before feature fusion is more abundant. On the other hand, adding spatial pyramid pooling in BackBone enables the network to perform multiscale pooling and fusion on the input feature layer, which greatly enhances the receptive field of the network and enables the network to extract richer feature information. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOV4‐tiny algorithm has an accuracy of 99.72% in TFT‐LCD mura detection, which is 0.99% higher than YOLOV4‐tiny, and the real‐time detection speed reaches 63.84 frames per second (FPS). At the same time, we overcome the problem of missed detection of YOLOV4‐tiny algorithm and meet the detection accuracy and real‐time requirements of TFT‐LCD mura detection tasks in multibackground environment.
Consultations for Foreign Bodies in Aerodigestive Tract: Assessment of Diagnostic Modalities
Authors: Chen Yu Han , Shomorony Andre , Drusin Madeleine A. , Pearlman Aaron N. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate test characteristics of various diagnostic modalities in the workup of foreign body (FB) sensation in the aerodigestive tract.MethodsDatabase containing all inpatient otolaryngology consultations between 2008 and 2020 was used. Cases of FB sensation were identified by documented encounter diagnosis or hospital problem of FB or globus sensation. Variables including basic patient demographics, clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging modalities, procedures, and outpatient follow‐up were collected.ResultsOne hundred and six patients were included in the study. A FB was visualized in 55 patients (52%) and removed in 52 patients (49%); 3 patients had a FB that was visualized initially but not found in the operating room. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were found to be 41%, 50%, 58%, and 33%, respectively, for X‐ray (XR); 91%, 61%, 70%, and 87%, respectively, for computed tomography (CT). Sensitivity and NPV were 25% and 57%, respectively, for flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL). Seventy‐one of 106 patients (67%) underwent invasive interventions during their workup for FBs. Ten out of 11 (91%) chicken bones were found in the digestive tract compared to 7 out of 19 (37%) fishbones (p = 0.0046).ConclusionIn patients with history of FB ingestion, CT may be more beneficial than XR as a screening tool for locating foreign bodies and guiding further management. FFL alone is inadequate for ruling out a FB in the aerodigestive tract given FB's high likelihood of being in the esophagus or buried in soft tissue or mucosa.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1361–1366, 2023
Perioperative Blood Transfusion in Head and Neck Cancer Revisited
Authors: Runge Annette , Vales Anja , Pommer Gabriele , Raab Helmut , Prossliner Harald , Randhawa Avneet , Schennach Harald , Riechelmann Herbert 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo reevaluate the frequency of perioperative blood transfusion, transfusion triggers, and survival impact in patients with incident, surgically treated head and neck cancer (HNC) in restrictive transfusion regimens.MethodsRetrospective analysis of surgically treated patients with incident HNC with and without perioperative blood transfusion between 2008 and 2019 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, according to the department's clinical Head and Neck Tumor Registry.ResultsOf the 590 patients included, perioperative transfusions were administered in 6.3% (n = 37, transfusion group). Following multivariable logistic regression, likelihood of blood transfusions was increased in patients with poorer general health conditions (ASA score III/IV; OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.9–8.6; p = 0.002), hemoglobin <12.5 g/dL (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.1–6.4; p = 0.03), longer duration of surgery (OR 1.006 per minute of surgery time; 95% CI 1.003–1.008; p < 0.001), and negative p16 status (OR 5.3; 95% CI = 1.1–25; p = 0.03). Based on 14 matching variables related to survival and perioperative blood transfusion, a control group of 37 matching patients without perioperative transfusion was identified. Using univariate analysis, overall survival in transfusion and control groups did not differ significantly (p = 0.25). After adjusting for four parameters with limited matching accuracy (Chi square p < 0.2) in Cox regression analysis, a transfusion related hazard ratio close to 1 (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.34–2.51; p = 0.87) was observed.ConclusionConsidering current restrictive transfusion regimens and general transfusion risks, the administration of blood products in HNC patients during the perioperative period is not associated with additional oncologic hazard.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1638–1644, 2023
Fully On‐Chip Microwave Photonic Instantaneous Frequency Measurement System
Authors: Tao Yuansheng , Yang Fenghe , Tao Zihan , Chang Lin , Shu Haowen , Jin Ming , Zhou Yan , Ge Zhangfeng , Wang Xingjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrowave photonics (MWP) is an emerging field that studies the interaction between microwave and lightwave for myriad communication and information applications. Recently, new opportunity for MWP has emerged driven by the advances of integrated photonics. However, despite significant progress made in terms of integration level, a fully on‐chip MWP functional system comprising all the necessary photonic and electronic components, is yet to be demonstrated. Here, the status quo is broken and a complete on‐chip solution for MWP system is provided, by exploiting hybrid integration of indium phosphide, silicon photonics, and complementary metal‐oxide–semiconductor electronics platforms. Applying this hybrid integration methodology, a fully chip‐based MWP instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) system is demonstrated. The unprecedented integration level brings great promotion to the compactness, reliability and performances of the MWP IFM system, including a wide frequency measurement range (2–34 GHz), ultralow estimation errors (10.85 MHz), and a fast response speed (≈0.3 ns). Furthermore, the chip‐scale MWP IFM system is deployed into realistic tasks, where diverse microwave signals with rapid‐varying frequencies at X‐band (8–12 GHz) are accurately identified in real‐time. This demonstration marks a milestone for the integrated MWP, by providing the technology basis for the miniaturization and massive implementations of various MWP systems.
X‐linked mental retardation‐hypotonic facies syndrome: Exome sequencing identifies novel clinical characteristics associated with c.5182G>C mutation in the ATRX gene
Authors: Shakarami Fatemeh , Jahani Mehdi , Nouri Zahra , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundX‐linked mental retardation‐hypotonic facies syndrome‐1 (MRXFH1), caused by a mutation in the ATRX gene, is a rare syndromic form of X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR) that is mainly characterized by severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic facies, and skewed X‐inactivation pattern in carrier women.MethodIn this study, due to the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, we performed exome sequencing (ES) on a 15‐year‐old boy with primary microcephaly and intellectual disability. Also, Sanger sequencing, cosegregation analysis, and structural modeling were done to identify and verify the causative variant in the proband and other affected individuals in the family. In addition, we collected data from previously reported cases to compare with our patients' phenotypes.ResultsES revealed a previously reported missense variant in the ATRX gene (c.5182G > C, p.Ala1728Pro), segregating with the new clinical characteristic including primary microcephaly in the pedigree. This variant meets the criteria of being likely pathogenic based on the ACMG variant interpretation guideline.ConclusionsThe findings of this study extend the spectrum of phenotypes associated with the identified variant and provide further details on its clinical features.
MSFR‐Net: Multi‐modality and single‐modality feature recalibration network for brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Li Xiang , Jiang Yuchen , Li Minglei , Zhang Jiusi , Yin Shen , Luo Hao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate and automated brain tumor segmentation from multi‐modality MR images plays a significant role in tumor treatment. However, the existing approaches mainly focus on the fusion of multi‐modality while ignoring the correlation between single‐modality and tumor subcomponents. For example, T2‐weighted images show good visualization of edema, and T1‐contrast images have a good contrast between enhancing tumor core and necrosis. In the actual clinical process, professional physicians also label tumors according to these characteristics. We design a method for brain tumors segmentation that utilizes both multi‐modality fusion and single‐modality characteristics.MethodsA multi‐modality and single‐modality feature recalibration network (MSFR‐Net) is proposed for brain tumor segmentation from MR images. Specifically, multi‐modality information and single‐modality information are assigned to independent pathways. Multi‐modality network explicitly learns the relationship between all modalities and all tumor sub‐components. Single‐modality network learns the relationship between single‐modality and its highly correlated tumor subcomponents. Then, a dual recalibration module (DRM) is designed to connect the parallel single‐modality network and multi‐modality network at multiple stages. The function of the DRM is to unify the two types of features into the same feature space.ResultsExperiments on BraTS 2015 dataset and BraTS 2018 dataset show that the proposed method is competitive and superior to other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The proposed method achieved the segmentation results with Dice coefficients of 0.86 and Hausdorff distance of 4.82 on BraTS 2018 dataset, with dice coefficients of 0.80, positive predictive value of 0.76, and sensitivity of 0.78 on BraTS 2015 dataset.ConclusionsThis work combines the manual labeling process of doctors and introduces the correlation between single‐modality and the tumor subcomponents into the segmentation network. The method improves the segmentation performance of brain tumors and can be applied in the clinical practice. The code of the proposed method is available at: https://github.com/xiangQAQ/MSFR‐Net.
A novel approach for multi‐output structural system reliability problem with small failure probability
Authors: Qian Hua‐Ming , Huang Hong‐Zhong , Li Yan‐Feng , Wei Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe multi‐output structural system with implicit function widely exists in actual engineering, which refers that the multiple output responses of structural system can be obtained by one experiment or finite element simulation. Considering the correlation of multiple output responses and the small failure probability involved in multi‐output structural system, this article proposes a novel active learning Kriging (ALK) based reliability method for multi‐output structural system by combining multiple response Gaussian process (MRGP) and importance sampling (IS). First, due to the Kriging model can only construct the surrogate model under the single‐output variable, the MRGP model is introduced to substitute the Kriging model and thus the correlation in multiple output responses can be efficiently described by a correlation matrix in MRGP model. Second, for the case that the distance information of new iterated sample point is not considered by the commonly used learning functions (U‐function, EFF‐function and H‐function) in ALK, three improved learning functions are correspondingly proposed. Finally, aiming at the problem that the small failure probability leads to the increasing of candidate sample pool and further results in low computational efficiency, the IS method is combined with the MRGP model to efficiently accomplish the reliability analysis for multi‐output structural system. Several examples are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Data‐driven modeling for predicting tribo‐performance of graphene‐incorporated glass‐fabric reinforced epoxy composites using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Singh K. Sourabh K. , Singh K. K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present article aims to investigate a comparative effect of the mechanical properties and tribological operating variables (applied load and sliding distance) on the tribo‐performance of graphene incorporated woven glass fabric reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composites. Computational and data‐driven machine learning (ML) approach has been extensively applied to examine the advancement of the tribological systems. For the study, tribo‐mechanical data, gathered from previous investigations by the present authors, have been used as well. Accordingly, a predictive model, based on the ML algorithms for predicting specific wear rates (SWR), has been developed. Further, a co‐relation between the SWR and the mechanical properties of materials has been determined. For the investigation process, three ML approaches, have been applied, viz., artificial neural network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). Feature score analysis has been done as well revealing that variation of the sliding distance, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and product of tensile strength (s) and elongation (e) significantly influence the SWR prediction. The trained ML models can predict the tribo‐performance from mechanical properties variables and tribological test conditions, which is impossible with conventional two‐parameter correlations. During the present study, the coefficient of determination (R2 value) in different models was found to be 0.9883, 0.9884, and 0.9762 for the ANN, RF, and GBM, respectively. The best‐performing model was RF.
When a sex chromosome aneuploidy is diagnosed—views from a parent support organisation
Authors: Fisher Jane , McInnes‐Dean Hannah 
Published: August 2022

Key pointsWhat's already known about this topic?

Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) is increasing.
Counselling parents about SCAs can be a challenge for health care professionals because of the range of outcomes.

What does this study add?

Views from a parent‐support organisation on parents' experiences around diagnosis of an SCA.
Parents value up‐to‐date information and support to make the right decision for their individual circumstances.
Education on SCAs and support for all professionals involved in counselling parents (including private sector providers of NIPT) would help staff deliver high‐quality, individualised care.
A novel melting model for polymer extrusion: Mechanically induced transition layer removal
Authors: Estrada Omar , Janna Farid Chejne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA novel polymer melting mechanism and model named mechanically induced transition layer removal is introduced as the most probable hypothesis to explain the enhanced behavior in terms of melting capacity, output, and energy efficiency of single screw Grooved Plasticating Extruders (GPE). This model considers a domain conformed by three phases: solid, molten or plasticized, and transition layers; the latter has never been considered in the state of the art before. To validate this hypothesis as the first approach, we present a simplified thermodynamic polymer melting model in drag and pressure‐induced flow between parallel plates. The model is solved using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The results obtained show that the proposed model enables a considerable improvement in the plasticizing speed. In addition, this mechanism describes the phenomenology of the plasticization process in the GPE presented in the state of the art. In future works, the mechanically induced transition layer removal, extended to the geometry and operating conditions in GPE, has the potential to accurately describe how this type of technology operates and help the improvement and design of new plasticizing units.
A Modified Set of Constitutive Models for Polymer‐Bonded Explosives that Consider Heterogeneity of Initial Cracks and Failure of Damaged Granules
Authors: Ma Xiao , Ma Qingpeng , Li Tao , Fu Hua , Zheng Xianxu , Cao Zhurong , Li Kewu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNon‐shock ignition of explosions in solids by dynamic loading is a key topic in the field of explosives safety research. Cracks and other damage in polymer‐bonded explosives greatly affect non‐shock ignition. In this study, we developed a modified set of constitutive models that incorporate heterogeneity of initial cracks and failure of damaged granules, both of which can affect the thermodynamic response and non‐shock ignition of condensed explosives. Moreover, the models were used to predict the distribution of cracks and damage under dynamic compression. The calculated results were in good agreement with experiment, which confirmed the validity of the models.