bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Lysis Syndrome and AKI: Beyond Crystal Mechanisms
Authors: Arnaud Marine , Loiselle Maud , Vaganay Camille , Pons Stéphanie , Letavernier Emmanuel , Demonchy Jordane , Fodil Sofiane , Nouacer Manal , Placier Sandrine , Frère Perrine , Arrii Eden , Lion Julien , Mooney Nuala , Itzykson Raphael , Djediat Chakib , Puissant Alexandre , Zafrani Lara 
Published: May 2022

Significance Statement
The pathophysiology of AKI during tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is not fully understood. We aimed to decipher crystal-dependent and crystal-independent mechanisms of TLS-induced AKI. Analyzing urine and blood from patients with TLS provided data on crystal-independent mechanisms of the pathogenesis of AKI during TLS. We also explored mechanisms of TLS-induced AKI in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of TLS (syngeneic mice with acute myeloid leukemia receiving chemotherapy). We found that extracellular histones released in huge amounts during TLS profoundly alter the endothelium. Nonanticoagulant heparin mitigated AKI in this model.

Background
The pathophysiology of AKI during tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is not well understood due to the paucity of data. We aimed to decipher crystal-dependent and crystal-independent mechanisms of TLS-induced AKI.

Methods
Crystalluria, plasma cytokine levels, and extracellular histones levels were measured in two cohorts of patients with TLS. We developed a model of TLS in syngeneic mice with acute myeloid leukemia, and analyzed ultrastructural changes in kidneys and endothelial permeability using intravital confocal microscopy. In parallel, we studied the endothelial toxicity of extracellular histones in vitro.

Results
The study provides the first evidence that previously described crystal-dependent mechanisms are insufficient to explain TLS-induced AKI. Extracellular histones that are released in huge amounts during TLS caused profound endothelial alterations in the mouse model. The mechanisms of histone-mediated damage implicates endothelial cell activation mediated by Toll-like receptor 4. Heparin inhibits extracellular histones and mitigates endothelial dysfunction during TLS.

Conclusion
This study sheds new light on the pathophysiology of TLS-induced AKI and suggests that extracellular histones may constitute a novel target for therapeutic intervention in TLS when endothelial dysfunction occurs.
Investigation on the Expression Ability of a Developed Constitutive Model for Rocks Based on Statistical Damage Theory
Authors: Gao Meiben , Cui Shenghua , Li Tianbin , Ma Chunchi , Wu Zhongteng , Zhang Yan , Gao Yang , Fu Zhe , Zhong Yuyi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The three-parameter Weibull distribution has a strong ability to fit many kinds of experimental data, which provides a solution for using a unified expression to characterize the elastic-brittle, strain softening, elastic-plasticity, and other constitutive behaviors of rocks. Therefore, a statistical damage constitutive model based on three-parameter Weibull distribution was constructed through theoretical analysis and derivation. Its expression ability was verified by combining with the conventional triaxial compression test data of marble. Meanwhile, the application effect of this statistical damage constitutive model on granite and sandstone was analyzed. The results show that the statistical damage constitutive model of rock based on three-parameter Weibull distribution can well express elastic-brittle, elastic-plastic, strain softening behaviors of rock by setting reasonable constitutive parameters, which lays a theoretical foundation for constructing a unified rock constitutive model. Conventional triaxial tests of marble show that with the increasing of confining pressure (σ3= 5, 15, 25, 35 MPa), the plastic deformation increases and the failure mode gradually changes from brittle tensile failure to shear failure, showing brittle-ductile and brittle-plastic transition characteristics. And its constitutive behaviors are characterized by elastic-brittleness, strain softening, and elastic-plasticity, which can be well expressed by the statistical damage constitutive model. When σ3 is 25 and 35 MPa, sandstone samples show elastic-brittle behavior. And for granite samples, they show strain softening behavior when σ3 is 5 MPa. The statistical damage constitutive model is also suitable for describing both sandstone elastic-brittle behavior and granite strain softening behavior. It is concluded that the three-parameter Weibull distribution provides a useful approach to characterize various constitutive behaviors of rock, and the model has a wide potential in numerical simulation for mining engineering, geoengineering, and other rock engineering.
Epidemiology of Extrapulmonary TB and its risk factors in Damascus, Syria.
Authors: Jbawi Ahmad al , Fadel Mohammad , Kahal Fares , Najjar Michel , Albuaini Sara , Mohammad Yser 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern worldwide and is the 13th leading cause of death, and the second deadliest infectious disease after COVID-19 worldwide1. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases accounted for 15% of the 7.2 million cases of TB worldwide in 2019. ² global statistics indicate that Tuberculosis causes 4,500 deaths every day¹. We aim to study the epidemiology of EPTB and its risk factors.
Methods:
A multicenter retrospective study was conducted at the National Center for Tuberculosis Control in Damascus in the year 2020 to analyze the patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Results:
205 patients were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Damascus and its countryside in the year 2020, and the most common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was Lymph Nodes (102) 49.75%, while ear and breast were the least common (1 case of each). Cervical nodes were the most affected with EPTB (80.40%), while Mediastinal nodes were the least affected (1.96%). The most incidence rate was in patients between 25 and 34 years old, while the least incidence rate was in patients older than 65 years old. The percentage of infected females was approximately 66%, while the percentage of infected males was approximately 34%. The majority of infected patients were residents in the city (78.68%) compared to infected patients from the countryside (21.31%). The most common comorbidity was Hypertension: 23.41% of cases, while kidney diseases were the least common. Smoking was the most common risk factor. The most common general symptom associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis was fever 55.60%, while night sweats were the least common symptom 14.63%.
Conclusion:
Tuberculosis is a major public health concern worldwide that can cause death or cause long-lasting complications but still can be prevented by vaccination and avoiding the possible risk factors that were studied in this study.
Long-chain fatty dihydropyridines with antihypertensive and cardioprotective potential for damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: SANTA-HELENA EDUARDA , Ribeiro Joaquim de Paula , Gioda Carolina Rosa , Cabrera Diego da Costa , De Falco Anna , D’Oca Marcelo G. Montes , Nery Luiz Eduardo Maia , Gonçalves Carla Amorim Neves 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, three fatty dihydropyridines were synthesized and tested for their antihypertensive and cardioprotective properties. Dihydropyridines 2c, 8c, and 9a contain the oleic chain and the nitro unit; the oleic chain and the chlorine unit; the palmitic chain and the chlorine unit, respectively.
Methods
For the experiments, animals were treated with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to induce hypertension and after treated with the new dihydropyridine (DHPs) compounds and the standard drug nifedipine. Then, the animals’ heart was removed and subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion. Analyses of cardiac parameters were performed to monitor cardiac functionality; lactate dehydrogenase values were quantified in perfusates. After ischemia and reperfusion were performed, analyses to check the oxidative status and lipid damage.
Results
The present study results suggest that the new fatty DHPs have antihypertensive effects offering protection against ischemia in the heart of rats.
Conclusion
The cardioprotection of new DHPs occurs by increasing antioxidants that defend and prevent the decline in cardiac function and the antihypertensive function of the new compounds.
Hindlimb unloading induces time-dependent disruption of testicular histology in mice
Authors: Ranade Anu V , Qaisar Rizwan , Karim Asima , Azeem Muhammad , Jose Josemin , Ramachandran Gopika , Ibrahim Zainab , Elmoselhi Adel , Ahmad Firdos , Abdel-Rahman Wael M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Mechanical unloading of the body in the hindlimb unloaded (HU) mice induces pathology in multiple organs, but the effects on testes are poorly characterized. We investigated the histology and Raman spectroscopy of the mouse testes following HU condition.
Methods
We divided male, c57BL/6j mice into ground-based controls or experimental groups for two and four weeks of HU. The testes tissues were dissected after euthanasia to investigate histological and Raman spectroscopic analysis.
Results
We found an HU-induced atrophy of testes irrespective of the time duration (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the HU induced epithelial thinning, luminal widening, and spermatozoa decline in the seminiferous tubules of the mouse testes. In addition, we found a thickening of the epididymal epithelia and tunica albuginea. These changes were accompanied by a generalized depression in the Raman spectra, indicating an altered concentration and/or orientation of several molecules. We also report reduced signal intensities of hydroxyproline and tryptophan, potentially contributing to testicular pathology during HU.
Conclusion
Taken together, our findings indicate that the two or four weeks of HU induce disruption of testicular architecture and molecular phenotypes. Our results may have implications for understanding and/or treating male infertility associated with prolonged bed rest and spaceflight.
iPSC-Neural Crest Derived Cells Embedded in 3D Printable Bio-Ink Promote Cranial Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Glaeser Juliane D , Bao Xianchao , Kaneda Giselle , Avalos Pablo , Behrens Phillip , Salehi Khosrowdad , Da Xiaoyu , Chen Angel , Jiang Wensen , Castaneda Chloe , Tawackoli Wafa , Sheyn Dmitriy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cranial bone loss presents a major clinical challenge and new regenerative approaches to address craniofacial reconstruction are in great demand. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation is a powerful tool to generate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Prior research demonstrated the potential of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and iPSC-dervied mesenchymal progenitor cells via the neural crest (NCC-MPCs) or mesodermal lineages (iMSCs) to be a promising cell source for bone regeneration. Overexpression of human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)6 efficiently stimulates bone formation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of iPSC-derived stem cells via neural crest or mesoderm overexpressing BMP6 and embedded in 3D printable bio-ink to generate viable bone graft alternatives for cranial reconstruction.
Methods
Cell viability and osteogenic potential of cells and bio-ink (Ink-Bone or GelXa) combinations were investigated in vitro using bioluminescent imaging. Osteogenic potential of bio-ink-cell constructs was evaluated in osteogenic media or nucleofected with BMP6 using qRT-PCR and in vitro µCT. For in vivo testing, two 2mm circular defects were created in the frontal and parietal bones of NOD/SCID mice and treated with Ink-Bone, Ink-Bone + BM-MSC-BMP6, Ink-Bone + iMSC-BMP6 or Ink-Bone + iNCC-MPC-BMP6 or left untreated. For follow up, µCT was performed at weeks 0, 4 and 8 weeks. At time of (week 8), histological and immunofluorescent analyses were performed.
Results
Both bio-inks supported cell survival and promoted osteogenic differentiation of iNCC-MPCs and BM-MSCs in vitro. At 4 weeks, cell viability of both BM-MSCs and iNCC-MPCs were increased in Ink-Bone compared to GelXA. Combination of Ink-Bone with iNCC-MPC-BMP6 resulted in an increased bone volume in the frontal bone compared to the other groups at 4 weeks post-surgery. At 8 weeks, both iNCC-MPC-BMP6 and iMSC-MSC-BMP6 resulted in an increased bone volume and partial bone bridging between implant and host bone compared to the other groups.
Conclusions
The results of this study show the potential of NCC-MPC-incorporated bio-ink to regenerate frontal cranial defects. Therefore, this bio-ink-cell combination should be further investigated for its therapeutic potential in large animal models with larger cranial defects, allowing for 3D printing of the cell-incorporated material.
Effect of Continuous and Intermittent Blood Flow Restriction Deep-squat Training on Thigh Muscle Activation and Fatigue Levels in Male Handball Players
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Zhiyuan , Che Tongtong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate acute changes before and after low-intensity continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction deep-squat exercises on the thigh muscle activation characteristics and fatigue level under suitable individual arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for athletes undergoing blood flow restriction training. Methods: Twelve elite male handball players were recruited. Continuous (Program 1) and intermittent (Program 2) blood flow restriction deep-squat exercises were performed with 30% one-repetition maximum intensity. Program 1 does not include decompression during the intervals, while Program 2 contains decompression during each interval. Electromyography (EMG) was performed before and after two blood flow restriction training programs in each period. EMG signals of the quadriceps femoris, posterior femoral muscles, and gluteus maximus, including the root mean square (RMS) and normalized RMS and median frequency (MF) values of each muscle under maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) before and after exercise were calculated. Results: The RMS value under MVC (RMSMVC) of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, gluteus maximus decreased after continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction training programs, and those of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus increased; rectus femoris changed significantly after continuous exercise (P<0.01). RMSMVC values of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus changed significantly after intermittent exercise (P<0.01). The RMS values of the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus were significantly increased after continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction training (P<0.05). The gluteus maximus RMS value significantly decreased after cuff binding (P<0.05); The MF values of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus decreased significantly after continuous blood flow restriction training (P<0.05). Conclusion: Continuous blood flow restriction deep-squat training under 50%AOP is more effective than the intermittent training in removing pressure on the thigh muscle group. In the third and fourth sets of exercise, all muscle groups showed a significant increase except the medial femoral muscle. However, this may also cause fatigue that may be harder to eliminate than that after intermittent training.
Sustainable, high-performance, and biodegradable plastic made from chitin
Authors: Zhou Youquan , He Yunqing , Lin Xiaoying , Yue Feng , Liu Mingxian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A high-performance biodegradable plastic was made from chitin KOH/urea solution. The solution was transferred into hydrogel by crosslinking using epichlorohydrin and ethanol immersing, and chitin bioplastic was finally prepared by hot-pressing method. The solution concentration has a positive impact on viscosity, crystallinity, and smoothness. 4% chitin bioplastic exhibits the high barrier properties, flame retardancy, high-temperature resistance, mechanical properties (tensile strength up to 107.1 MPa) and soil degradation properties. Chitin bioplastic can be completely degraded by microorganisms in 7 weeks. In addition, biosafety tests suggest that chitin is safe to cells and crops (wheat and mung beans). The chitin bioplastic was further applied to container, straw, and photo protection, and it was found that the water resistance and transparence are comparable to that of commercial polypropylene plastic. The excellent performance and safety as well as sustainability of chitin bioplastic are expected to become a good substitute for conventional fossil fuel-based plastic.
CT Features in Differentiating Chromophobe Cell Renal Carcinoma from Renal Oncocytoma and CK7 Expression Evaluation: A Radiomics Analysis
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Ding Jie , Pang Huize , Fang Hongkun , He Furong , Xu Chenxi , Li Xuedan , Ren Ke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the value of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics model analysis in differentiating chromophobe cell renal carcinoma (chRCC) from renal oncocytoma (RO) and predicting the expression of Cytokeratin 7 (CK7).Methods: In this retrospective study, radiomics was applied for patients with chRCC and RO who underwent surgery between January 2013 and December 2019 comprised the training cohort, and the validation cohort was collected between January and October 2020. The corticomedullary (CMP) and nephrographic phases (NP) were manually segmented, and radiomics texture parameters were extracted. Support vector machine was generated from CMP and NP after feature selection. Shapley additive explanations were applied to interpret the radiomics features. A radiomics signature was built using the selected features from the two phases, and the radiomics nomogram was constructed by incorporating the radiomics features and clinical factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to evaluate the above models in the two sets. Furthermore, Rad-score was used for correlation analysis with CK7.Results: A total of 80 patients with chRCC and RO were analyzed in the training cohort and 36 patients with chRCC and RO in the validation cohort. Subsequently, 396 radiomics features were selected from each phase. The radiomics features combining two phases yielded the highest area under the curve values of 0.951 and 0.890 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was statistically significant between Rad-score and CK7.Conclusion: We proposed a non-invasive and individualized CT-based radiomics nomogram to differentiation between chRCC and RO preoperatively and predict the immunohistochemical protein expression for accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment decision.
Divergence and relationships of Cymbidium tortisepalum cultivars by EST-SSR markers
Authors: Li Meiyu , Luo Qing , Zhao Xueying , Ding Changchun , Chi Zhaojin , Lu Zuzheng , Bo Wenhao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cymbidium tortisepalum has a variety of excellent ornamental properties and value, but no further work has been done on population genetics and evaluating genetic variation to establish molecular marker-assisted breeding and molecular identification. In this study, the HiSeq platform and the Illumina sequencing platform were used for transcriptome sequencing of 'Lianbansu' and library construction respectively. A total of 9485 putative EST-SSRs were identified from 28,235 unigenes. Of the 192 primer pairs randomly selected from the 9485 primer pairs designed, 90 pairs of primers gave accurate amplification products, and 86 pairs of primers showed polymorphism in the 8 orchid cultivars detected. 38 pairs of highly polymorphic primers with good repeatability and stability were screened from 90 pairs of primers with amplification capability to study the genetic diversity, population structure and evolution history of 51 orchid cultivars were studied. The number of alleles ranging from 3 to 12, with an average of 6. The effective allele is 1.2436–5.8188, with an average of 2.8189. The observed and expected heterozygosity with the average of 0.4662 and 0.5973 ranged from 0.1569 to 0.8431 and 0.1978 to 0.8363. The first two principal coordinates detected 39.66% of the total variation. It was found the ΔK-value had one peak (When K = 2). It can be seen that many orchid cultivars have multiple sources, rich genetic diversity and diversified strains, which are caused by long-term natural evolution and artificial hybridization. Taken together, the primers developed in this study have the transferability of many cultivars and hybrids in Chinese orchids.
Increasing brain glucose metabolism by ligustrazine piperazine ameliorates cognitive deficits through PPARγ-dependent enhancement of mitophagy in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Li Zongyang , Meng Xiangbao , Ma Guoxu , Liu Wenlan , Li Weiping , Cai Qian , Wang Sicen , Huang Guodong , Zhang Yuan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have previously proven beneficial effects of PPARγ agonists on Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we identified ligustrazine piperazine derivative (LPD) as a novel PPARγ agonist, which was detected by a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. LPD treatment significantly decreased Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in PC12 cells stably transfected with APP695swe and PS1dE9. Intragastric administration of LPD for 3 months dose-dependently reversed cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. LPD treatment substantially increased brain 18F-FDG uptake and reduced hippocampal Aβ plaques in APP/PS1 mice. LPD treatment decreased the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 and induced mitophagy in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, LPD treatment significantly increased OCR, ATP production, maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and basal respiration in APP/PS1 cells. LPD treatment upregulated PPARγ and PINK1, increased the phosphorylation of Parkin (Ser65), and increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio but decreased SQSTM1/p62 in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, all these protective effects mediated by LPD were abolished by cotreatment with the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662. In summary, LPD ameliorated cognitive deficits through PPARγ-dependent enhancement of mitophagy in APP/PS1 mice.
Evaluating Pancreatic Factors using Preoperative Computed Tomography to Predict Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Hu YuHai , Chen YiPing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background A postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common and clinically relevant complication following distal pancreatectomy (DP). This study aimed to assess whether pancreatic factors, obtained with preoperative computed tomography (CT), may predict a clinical POPF after DP.MethodsOne hundred and ten patients were retrospectively assessed to determine the association between clinical POPF and clinicopathological data and imaging data from preoperative CT. Evaluations included the thickness of the pancreatic cut-line (TPC), main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilation, and pancreatic index (PI), which was calculated with the pancreas/spleen CT density ratio.ResultsClinical POPF occurred in 22 (20%) patients. Univariate analysis showed that TPC and extrapancreatic malignancy were significantly associated with clinical POPF after DP; PI and MPD dilation were not. A 15.35-mm cutoff value for TPC was determined according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. TPC ≥ 15.4 mm was identified as a significant independent risk factor of clinical POPF in multivariate analyses (odds ratio 28.41; P<0.001). In the subgroup of thick pancreatic cut-line, all four patients with dilated MPD developed clinical POPF; there was no statically significant difference compared with non-dilated MPD.ConclusionsPI cannot predict the occurrence of clinical POPF after DP, for which TPC is a significant risk factor. When a thick pancreatic cut-line coexists with a dilated MPD, the clinical POPF rate may further increase.