bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polynomial Representation of Binary Trees of Entropy Binary Codes
Authors: Morozov Denys 
Published: September 2022

An important component of streaming large amounts of information are algorithms for compressing information flow. Which in turn are divided into lossless compression algorithms (entropic) - Shannon, Huffman, arithmetic coding, conditional compression - LZW, and otherinformation cone injections and lossy compression algorithms - such as mp3, jpeg and others.
It is important to follow a formal strategy when building a lossy compression algorithm. It can be formulated as follows. After describing the set of objects that are atomic elements of exchange in the information flow, it is necessary to build an abstract scheme of this description, which will determine the boundary for abstract sections of this scheme, which begins the allowable losses.
Approaches to the detection of an abstract scheme that generates compression algorithms with allowable losses can be obtained from the context of the subject area. For example, an audio stream compression algorithm can divide a signal into simple harmonics and leave among them those that are within a certain range of perception. Thus, the output signal is a certain abstraction of the input, which contains important information in accordance with the context of auditory perception of the audio stream and is represented by less information. A similar approach is used in the mp3 format, which is a compressed representation.
Unlike lossy compression algorithms, entropic compression algorithms do not require contextanalysis, but can be built according to the frequency picture. Among the known algorithms for constructing such codes are the Shannon-Fano algorithm, the Huffman algorithm and arithmetic coding.
Finding the information entropy for a given Shannon code is a trivial task. The inverse problem, namely finding the appropriate Shannon codes that have a predetermined entropy and with probabilities that are negative integer powers of two, is quite complex. It can be solved by direct search, but a significant disadvantage of this approach is its computational complexity. This article offers an alternative technique for finding such codes.
Risk Modelling Approaches for Student-like Models with Fractal Activity Time
Authors: Solomanchuk Georgiy , Shchestyuk Nataliya 
Published: September 2022

The paper focuses on value at risk (V@R) measuring for Student-like models of markets with fractal activity time (FAT). The fractal activity time models were introduced by Heyde to try to encompass the empirically found characteristics of real data and elaborated on for Variance Gamma, normal inverse Gaussian and skewed Student distributions. But problem of evaluating an value at risk for this model was not researched. It is worth to mention that if we use normal or symmetric Student`s models than V@R can be computed using standard statistical packages. For calculating V@R for Student-like models we need Monte Carlo method and the iterative scheme for simulating N scenarios of stock prices. We model stock prices as a diffusion processes with the fractal activity time and for modeling increments of fractal activity time we use another diffusion process, which has a given marginal inverse gamma distribution.
The aim of the paper is to perform and compare V@R Monte Carlo approach and Markowitz approach for Student-like models in terms of portfolio risk. For this purpose we propose procedure of calculating V@R for two types of investor portfolios. The first one is uniform portfolio, where d assets are equally distributed. The second is optimal Markowitz portfolio, for which variance of return is the smallest out of all other portfolios with the same mean return.
The programmed model which was built using R-statistics can be used as to the simulations for any asset and for construct optimal portfolios for any given amount of assets and then can be used for understanding how this optimal portfolio behaves compared to other portfolios for Student-like models of markets with fractal activity time.
Also we present numerical results for evaluating V@R for both types of investor portfolio. We show that optimal Markovitz portfolio demonstrates in the most of cases the smallest possible Value at Risk comparing with other portfolios. Thus, for making investor decisions under uncertainty we recommend to apply portfolio optimization and value at risk approach jointly.
Brief Presentation of the Types of Evidence, Means of Proof and the Evidence Procedures
Authors: Pană Silviu Nicolae 
Published: September 2022

In order to be able to fully understand what the evidence, means of proof and evidentiary procedures represent, we appreciate that it is necessary to first of all consider the representation of these elements in the criminal trial.
In the activity of finding out a factual situation, it must be researched, because it is not self-evident. So, with regard to the criminal process, the mechanism is paramount, because the judicial bodies are forced, according to the legal provisions, to carry out any necessary steps to establish, discover and prove, beyond any reasonable doubt, the guilt of a person suspected of committing a crime. Thus, in the doctrine, it is appreciated that this activity must be carried out by the judicial bodies only through collecting evidence.
Evidence is considered to be formed of the essential elements that lead to finding out the truth, that determine the existence or non-existence of a criminal act and the identification of person who committed it, the intended purpose being that of solving the case fairly.
These are aleso facts that are assimilated to factual circumstances, that are not part of the criminal process per se, but acquire a procedural character due to the fact that they refer to the object of the trial, and are also researched through the steps taken to administer evidence in the criminal process.
PENYULUHAN "HOW SAFE IS YOUR FOOD?" DI KOMUNITAS YAYASAN WORLD HARVEST, KARAWACI, TANGERANG [SEMINAR ON “HOW SAFE IS YOUR FOOD?” IN THE COMMUNITY OF WORLD HARVEST FOUNDATION, KARAWACI, TANGERANG]
Authors: Anugrahati Nuri Arum , Parhusip Adolf 
Published: September 2022

<p><em>Lack of public understanding about the importance of selection of food and good food processing is the background of the community services of Food Technology Department in Even Semester 2017/2018. The counseling entitled "How Safe is Your Food?" will be conducted in the parent community of World Harvest Foundation, Karawaci, Tangerang as a form of awareness of the Department of Food Technology to provide information about the source of the causes of frequent food poisoning, how to choose good food materials, and how to process food that considers hygiene and sanitation rule. The result showed most participants stated the counseling was useful for them although they have been implemented hygiene and sanitation rules in daily activities.</em></p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya pemilihan bahan pangan dan cara pengolahan pangan yang baik melatarbelakangi pelaksanaan PkM Program Studi Teknologi Pangan di Semester Genap 2017/2018. Penyuluhan yang berjudul “How Safe is Your Food?” dilaksanakan pada komunitas di Yayasan World Harvest, Karawaci, Tangerang sebagai bentuk kepedulian Program Studi Teknologi Pangan untuk memberikan informasi tentang sumber penyebab keracunan pangan yang sering terjadi, cara memilih bahan pangan yang baik, dan cara mengolah pangan yang memperhatikan kaidah hygiene dan sanitasi. Walaupun sebagian besar peserta telah menerapkan kaidah hygiene dan sanitasi dalam mempersiapkan dan mengolah makanan sehari-hari namun hasil kuesioner menunjukkan 61% peserta yang hadir menyatakan penyuluhan berguna bagi peserta.</p>
PELATIHAN PENDAMPINGAN MEMBACA CERITA BERSAMA ORANG TUA DALAM MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BACA ANAK [TRAINING ASSISTANCE READING STORIES WITH PARENTS IN GROWING CHILDREN'S READING INTEREST]
Authors: Ani Yubali , Han Chandra , Wardhani Kusuma , Sari Ganda 
Published: September 2022

<p><em>In order to foster the capability of literacy in the community, Kindergarten Al-Amin, Ciputat has received books from Rebung Cendani Foundation These books have not been used maximally to increase students' literacy. Therefore, this Community Service will provide training and assistance to parents of the students on how to read story books to their children at home. Assistance was provided by Al-Amin teachers with the direction of community services facilitators for three months. Parents and teachers will practice the reading in accordance with the steps that have been explained. The mentoring training activities went smoothly. Through this mentoring training parents become anthusiastic in implementing reading activities at home with their children, reading activities also help parents keep children away from gadgets, and parents gain knowledge about reading fun stories. Suggestions from this mentoring training activity can foster a reading habit among Kindergarten Al-Amin.</em></p><p> </p><p><em><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong></em>Dalam rangka program menumbuhkan minat baca di masyarakat, TK Al-Amin, Ciputat mendapatkan bantuan buku-buku dari Yayasan Rebung Cendani. Buku-buku tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal untuk meningkatkan literasi para murid. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan PkM ini memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada orang tua murid mengenai bagaimana membaca buku cerita kepada anak-anaknya di rumah. Pendampingan diberikan oleh guru-guru TK Al-Amin dengan arahan fasilitator PkM selama tiga bulan. Dalam proses pendampingan orang tua dan guru melakukan latihan membaca sesuai dengan langkah-langkah yang sudah dijelaskan. Kegiatan pelatihan pendampingan berjalan dengan baik. Melalui pelatihan pendampingan ini orang tua menjadi antusias didalam menerapkan kegiatan membaca di rumah dengan anak masing-masing, kegiatan membaca juga membantu orang tua menjauhkan anak dari gadget, dan orang tua memperoleh pengetahuan mengenai membaca cerita yang menyenangkan. Saran dari kegiatan pelatihan pendampingan ini dapat menumbuhkan kebiasaan membaca dikalangan TK Al-Amin.</p>
The Carrying Capacity Analysis of Rice Plants Agriculture to Fulfill Food Needs in Pati Regency
Authors: Anggraini Mitha Fitria , Banowati Eva 
Published: September 2022

The fulfillment of food needs is one indicator of community welfare. The calculation of the carrying capacity of food crops is used to determine the extent to which an area meets its food needs. The aims of this study were: (1) to calculate the level of carrying capacity of rice plants in Pati Regency, (2) to plan land that has the opportunity to be used as a LP2B area, and (3) to find out the maximum population and year in Pati Regency to meet food needs. The technique of analyzing the carrying capacity of rice plants uses the calculation of the carrying capacity of natural resources and the analysis of determining land that has the potential to become sustainable food cropland using an overlay map analysis with ArcGIS. The results showed that the value of the rice plant commodity had a carrying capacity value of more than 1, which was 1,371. The results of the map-making, the land that has the opportunity to be used as permanent rice fields is 50.635 hectares. The maximum population that can be met by annual rice production is 1.622.356 people. The results of population projections using the geometric method, the maximum year Pati Regency can be self-sufficient in food is 2040. The fulfillment of sustainable food needs can be realized through monitoring the implementation of the LP2B program so that the conversion rate of agricultural land can be minimized.
Keywords : Carrying Capacity; Rice Plants; Food Needs

Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Multimodal communication in the human–cat relationship: a pilot study
Authors: de Mouzon Charlotte , Leboucher Gérard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Across all species, a dyadic interaction entails that an emitter sends signals to a receiver through one or more channels. The receiver decodes the signals and reacts accordingly, potentially turning into an emitter himself. Like dogs and horses, cats can integrate visual and auditory signals sent by humans and modulate their behaviour according to the valence of the emotion perceived. However, the specific patterns and channels governing cat-to-human communication are poorly understood. This study addresses whether, in an extraspecific interaction, cats adapt their communication channel to those used by their human interlocutor. We examined three types of interactions: vocal, visual and bimodal (visual plus vocal), through coding video clips of 12 cats living in cat cafés. There was a significant effect of the modality of communication on the latency for cats to approach the human experimenter. Cats interacted significantly faster in the visual and bimodal compared to the “no communication” pattern as well as to the vocal condition. There was a significant effect of communication modality on the tail wagging behaviour. Cats significantly displayed more tail wagging when the experimenter engaged no communication compared to the visual and bimodal conditions. Cats also displayed more tail wagging in the vocal compared to the bimodal condition. Taken together, these results suggest that cats display a marked preference for both visual and bimodal cues addressed by non-familiar humans, over vocal cues only. Our data bring further evidence for the emergence of human-compatible socio-cognitive skills in cats, that favour their adaptation to a human driven niche.
How does Manufacturing Haze Pollution Decrease in China: A Decomposition Study of Structural Model Based on General Equilibrium Framework
Authors: Yang Luxin , Liu Yucheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Based on the annual mean PM2.5 concentration data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2020, this paper constructs a structural model of manufacturing haze pollution, expounds the main mechanisms affecting haze pollution, then statistically decomposes the main factors affecting the change of pollution emissions, and examines the direct and indirect impact paths of the change of haze pollution emissions in China. The study found that: (1) The inhibitory effects of latent variables on manufacturing haze pollution is from strong to weak in order: industrial structure upgrading, environmental regulation, trade opening, productivity improvement and economic scale expansion, while the optimal path for the indirect effect of exogenous latent variables on haze pollution is to rely on environmental regulation and opening up to achieve the improvement of productivity, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing haze pollution. (2) The analysis based on the PVAR model found that industrial structure adjustment is the key factor of haze decline in both the short and long term. Environmental regulation has an obvious effect on haze control in the short term, but in the long run, it still needs to rely on industrial structure adjustment, production efficiency improvement and trade opening to achieve the goal of reducing haze. (3) There is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between output scale and environmental regulation. In addition, trade openness has a long-term effect on productivity. Technology spillovers from opening up can reduce haze pollution in the long run by improving productivity. (4) The environmental regulation policy in the central region is characterized by “race to the bottom”, while the eastern region shows the characteristic of “race to the top” in the policy game of improving productivity and optimizing the industrial structure. Therefore, haze control requires an appropriate intensity of environmental regulation to reduce the proportion of high pollution and high energy consumption industries. Make full use of the international cooperation platform of the “the Belt and Road” and the pilot free trade zone to promote substantive cooperation between Chinese enterprises and developed countries in the field of environmental protection technology, increase investment in research and development of clean equipment and cleaner production technology, improve productivity, help China's green manufacturing, and contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to global environmental governance and climate change.
Study on climate change effect on forest growth rate and forest carbon sink capacity
Authors: zhang Yuxing , wang xuejun , Fu Xiao , wang guosheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study of climate change effect on forest carbon sequestration is necessary to address climate change, but this does not reach research results, due to lack of the support of data in the long term. Based on data set of feild survey results in 415,000 plots of forest inventory from1973-2018,this paper estimated forest stand stock volume growth rate in each province in each 5 years, established the regression models between forest stock volume growth rate and annual mean temperature, corresponding to monthly mean temperature dataset in each province from 1973 to 2018.The regression models are used to assess the effect of annual mean temperature and annual precipitation on forest growth rate and estimates forest carbon sink change. The results show that forest growth rate is closely related to annual mean temperature and annual precipitation and more closely related to annual mean temperature. In the past 70 years, annual mean temperature increased 1.55℃ in China ,and annual mean temperature rise rate was 0.22℃/10a.Climate warming accelerated increase of forest growth rate and forest carbon sink, this phenomenon was more obvious in the high latitude areas than in the low latitude areas. Forest growth rate increased 0.69%, with increase 0.1℃ of annual mean temperature. Based on the predication of forest-climate growth rate model, by 2030,forest stock volume will be 205.75×108m3, forest biomass carbon storage will be 92.59×108t,annual forest Co2 sequestration capacity will be 4.41×108t/a; by 2060, forest stock volume will be 289.89×108m3, forest biomass carbon stocks will be 130.45×108t,annual forest Co2 sequestration is 6.78×108t/a. Comparable with 2020, forest carbon stocks in 2030 increase 19.61% and 68.52% in 2060, forest carbon density increase from 42.11 t/hm2 between 2014 and 2018 to 47.24 t/hm2 in 2030 and 63.97 t/hm2 in 2060.
Residue levels and dietary risk assessment of fluopimomide, pyraclostrobin and its metabolite BF-500-3 in garlic ecosystems under field conditions
Authors: Yu Xiaoxu , Hu Jiye 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the residue levels of fluopimomide, pyraclostrobin and its metabolite BF-500-3 in garlic ecosystems, supervised garlic field trials with a commercial formulation (pyraclostrobin·fluopimomide 30% suspension concentrate (SC)) were conducted in six regions of China according to the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). The residues of fluopimomide, pyraclostrobin and BF-500-3 in field samples were determined using a QuEChERS method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of all target compounds were 76–94% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0-14.5% and limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 0.002 mg/kg. At the recommended pre-harvest interval (PHI, 10 d), the residues of fluopimomide, pyraclostrobin and BF-500-3 were below 0.16, 0.77 and 0.12 mg/kg in garlic chive; below 0.027, 0.22 and 0.002 mg/kg in garlic scape; and below 0.002, 0.002 and 0.002 mg/kg in garlic, respectively. Dietary intake risks were calculated using risk quotients (RQs) based on field residual data, toxicological data and dietary patterns. The chronic dietary risk quotients (RQc) of pyraclostrobin and fluopimomide were 48.42% and 0.36%, respectively. The acute dietary risk quotients (RQa) of pyraclostrobin in garlic were 0.06–0.15%. These results indicated a low dietary risk for consumers. This study could provide scientific guidance for the application of pyraclostrobin and fluopimomide in garlic.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through paracrine TGFβ1 signalling
Authors: Yin Wei , Zhang Hongfang , Fang Min , Yue Jing , Jiang Zhenzhen , Zhou Rongjing , Xie Ruifei , Wu Shixiu , Ying Shenpeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BackgroundConcurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment regimen for unresectable advanced patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CAFs (cancer-associated fibroblasts), one major component of tumor microenvironment were involved in tumor initiation and progression. However, the mechanisms by which CAFs enhanced the malignance of ESCC have remained most unknown. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) is a process which promoted the mobility, resistance to chemoradiotherapy, cancer stemness and ability of immune evasion of cancer cells.MethodsCAFs and NFs (normal fibroblasts) were isolated from tumor tissues and matched normal esophageal epithelial tissues, respectively. The EMT characteristics induced by CAFs were analyzed by detection of related genes and protein expressions in esophageal cancer cells. The CAFs-induced drug resistance was evaluated by MTT assay. The influences of CAFs on the migration and invasion were investigated by wound healing and transwell assay. The mechanisms by which CAFs promoted EMT of esophageal cancer cells was investigated by Western blotting.ResultsIn our study, we had successfully isolated CAFs and NFs from tumor tissues and matched normal esophageal epithelial tissues, respectively. We found paracrine TGFβ1 signaling from CAFs induced esophageal cancer cells to display EMT characteristics with the epithelial markers down-regulated and the mesenchymal markers up-regulated. CAFs-induced EMT enhanced the migration and invasion, drug resistance and cancer stemness traits of esophageal cancer cells. Mechanism studies revealed that paracrine TGFβ1 signaling promoted EMT of esophageal cancer cells in a phos-smad2/3-slug-dependent manner. Furthermore, paracrine TGFβ1 signaling induced the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, which was reported to be significantly associated with aggressive clinical biology and poor treatment outcome after chemoradiotherapy in ESCC patients. ConclusionsTogether, our study highlighted CAFs’ tumor-promoting role in esophageal cancer and and provide potential anti-cancer targets by reversing EMT.