bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Influence of Tree Size Distribution on the CTL Harvesting Productivity of Two Different Size Harvesting Machines
Authors: Ackerman Simon , Bekker James , Astrup Rasmus , Talbot Bruce 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Tree size determines harvester productivity. Stand management determines tree size distributions. Understanding the effect of tree size distribution on harvesting productivity is central for optimizing management of operations. To investigate tree size distribution on harvester productivity, productivity functions for a medium and larger-sized harvesters were applied to harvester derived tree size distributions from 35 clearfelled pine stands. These functions were applied to a normal distribution of trees covering the same tree size ranges. Productivity differences were analysed on a stand-by-stand basis. Results showed that for the large harvester, productivity rates remained constant (67.1 vs 67.6 m3 PMH− 1) indicating relatively little sensitivity to variations in tree size distributions. Although the standard deviation (SD) halved from 11.6 to 5.6 in the case of the uniform tree distribution. The smaller harvesters, productivity decreased by 15% from 47.3 to 40.1 m3 PMH− 1 and the coefficient of variation (CV) by 6% in the same transition to a uniform distribution. Further investigation was done on more skewed tree size distributions, a family of nine Weibull distributions was generated, representing combinations of three mean DBH classes (25cm, 30 cm, and 35cm) and three levels of CV (15%, 20%, 25%), for each DBH class. Results clearly indicate that different distribution shapes have different effects on different machine sizes, and that a low CV correlates to a higher productivity in larger tree sizes. A more uniform tree size distribution also provides more predictable results (lower CV), which would promote machine scheduling and result in fewer discrepancies on production rates.
PDDS: A Software for the Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease from MRI and DatScan Images using Detection and Segmentation Algorithms
Authors: TASSEW TEWODROS , Xuan Nie , Bosong Chai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most prevalent neurological disease, affecting millions of people globally. It is a condition that affects different regions of the brain in the basal ganglia, which is characterized by motor symptoms and postural instability. Currently, there is no cure available in order to completely eradicate the disease from the body. As a result, early diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is critical in combating the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in patients. Although much progress has been made in using medical images such as MRI and DaTScan for diagnosing the early stages of Parkinson’s Disease, the work remains difficult due to lack of properly labeled data, high error rates in clinical diagnosis and a lack of automatic detection and segmentation software. In this paper, we propose a software called PPDS (Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis Software) for the detection and segmentation of deep brain structures from MRI and DaTScan images related to Parkinson’s disease. The proposed method utilizes state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks such as YOLO and UNET to correctly identify and segment regions of interest for Parkinson’s disease from both DatScan and MRI images, as well as deliver prediction results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of deep convolutional networks in automating the task of identifying and segmenting the substantia nigra and striatum from T2-weighted MRI and DatScan images respectively, which are used to monitor the loss of dopaminergic neurons in these areas.
Multi-Task Mixture Density Graph Neural Networks for Predicting Cu-based Single-Atom Alloy Catalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liang Chen , Wang Bowen , Hao Shaogang , Chen Guangyong , Heng Pheng Ann , Zou Xiaolong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have drawn more and more attention from material scientists and demonstrated a strong capacity to establish connections between the structure and properties. However, with only unrelaxed structures provided as input, few GNN models can predict the thermodynamic properties of relaxed configurations with an acceptable level of error. In this work, we develop a multi-task (MT) architecture based on DimeNet + + and mixture density networks to improve the performance of such task. Taking CO adsorption on Cu-based single-atom alloy catalysts as an example, our method can reliably predict CO adsorption energy with a mean absolute error of 0.087 eV from the initial CO adsorption structures without costly first-principles calculations. Further, compared to other state-of-the-art GNN methods, our model exhibits improved generalization ability when predicting catalytic performance of out-of-domain configurations, built with either unseen substrate surfaces or doping species. The proposed MT GNN strategy can facilitate the catalyst discovery and optimization process.
Effectiveness of Project Based Learning Integrated STEM in Physics Education (STEM-PJBL): Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
Authors: Roslina Roslina , Samsudin Achmad , Liliawati Winny 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to review 36 articles from reputable international journals such as indexed by Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and SINTA, which explains the Effectiveness of Project Based Learning Integrated STEM in Physics Education. The articles selected for review were the ones published in the last eight years, from 2015 to 2022. The research approach used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This study analyzed the representation of research according to their general characteristics consists of type of publication, year of publication, research approach and educational level. This study also analyzes the effectiveness STEM-PJBL in physics education based on the results of the reviewed research articles. The results show that the use of STEM-PJBL has a positive impact on cognitive, skills and attitude aspects and that STEM-PJBL can be integrated into media or materials teaching such as modulary,worksheet, the implementation of STEM with robots, as well as teacher awareness. So it can be used by teachers as input to apply STEM-PJBL in during physics learning.
COVID-19, public health messaging, and sanitation and hygiene practices in rural India
Authors: Pakhtigian Emily L. , Downs-Tepper Harlan , Anson Anisha , Pattanayak Subhrendu K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite the importance of safe sanitation and hygiene for sustainable development and public health, approximately half of India's rural population lacks access to safely managed sanitation. Policies prioritizing improved sanitation access have accelerated coverage, yet barriers to universal access and use remain. In this paper, we investigate how personal experience with a public health shock impacts recall of public health messages and households' sanitation and hygiene practices. Using a panel survey conducted before and after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the resulting lockdown, in Bihar, India, we compare public health messaging recall and hygiene and sanitation behaviors among households that experienced severe economic disruptions due to the COVID-19 lockdown and those that did not. We find that households that experienced economic disruptions had a higher recall of public health messaging around safe sanitation and hygiene. In addition, households that experienced these disruptions reported more social distancing, increased handwashing behavior, and reduced open defecation. A major public health shock, the COVID-19 pandemic, increased messaging around the importance of safe hygiene and sanitation for public health in India. We find that personal experience increased the salience of public health messaging, with positive returns to sanitation and hygiene practices.
Increasing latrine sales among poor households in rural Cambodia using targeted subsidies: a randomized control trial
Authors: Nicoletti Chris , Lestikow Greg , Veasna Toeur , May Alicia , Macaranas Reimar , Hudner Daniel , Harper James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Because improved sanitation can improve public health but is lacking in many rural areas, many organizations use sanitation marketing to increase latrine coverage. In rural Cambodia, iDE has facilitated the sale of more than 395,000 pour-flush latrines since 2011 but recognizes that market actors are not incentivized to sell to the poorest households. Using a randomized controlled trial, in which poor households in treatment villages were offered partial latrine subsidies, this study investigated how subsidies affected latrine sales and program cost-effectiveness. Results show latrine sales among poor households that were offered subsidies increased by 14–16% compared to those that were not offered subsidies. Also, no significant effect on latrine sales among non-poor households was found, although lower village-level latrine coverage can reduce latrine sales to non-poor households. Cost-effectiveness analysis shows the increase in sales and thus economies of scale from subsidies yield lower per-latrine program costs compared to non-subsidy costs ($38 vs. $54). Well-targeted latrine subsidies can significantly increase latrine sales among poor households with minimal impact on latrine sales to non-poor households and favorable program cost reductions. However, subsidies must not be introduced into a market before baseline sanitation coverage is achieved to avoid market distortion effects.
Ramifications due to urbanization and climate change on stormwater runoff and conduit efficiency: an integrated water management approach
Authors: Maheswari E. , Ambujam N. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Urbanization and climate change increase the frequency of urban floods worldwide which in turn poses a great challenge in the management of the urban stormwater drain system. This study investigated the impact of climate change and surface imperviousness in the urban stormwater runoff and the impact of washed off pollutants load in the conduit efficiency for two census wards Triplicane (ward 116) and Valasaravakkam (ward 152) in Chennai City. The climate change data for the study area wards were taken from the regional climate model (RCM) of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5. Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with quality and quantity scenarios were developed and the results of the present year scenario were validated using a questionnaire survey. Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves were generated to forecast the observed rainfall and climate model data for various return periods, i.e., 2, 5, 10, 50, and 100 years for future climatic scenarios (2030s and 2050s). The model results show that infiltration is only 3–7% of the total rainfall in the study areas and the maximum blockage and reduction in conduit capacity were estimated to be 65 and 40%, respectively. This paper presents the observations and suggestions for improving the conduit efficiency from an Integrated Water Management Approach (IWMA).
Familial Early-Onset Alzheimer's Caused by Novel Genetic Variant and
APP Duplication: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kalfon Limor , Paz Rotem , Raveh-Barak Hadas , Salama Areef , Samra Nadra , Kaplun Alexander , Chasnyk Natalia , Kfir Nehama Cohen , Mousa Nissreen Kinaani , Biton Efrat Shuster , Tanus Mary , Aharon-Peretz Judith , Falik Zaccai Tzipora C. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The clinical characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s (EOADAD) due to a yet-undescribed chromosomal rearrangement may add to the available body of knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease and may enlighten novel and modifier genes. We report the clinical and genetic characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals carrying a novel APP duplication rearrangement

Methods:
Individuals belonging to a seven-generation pedigree with familial cognitive decline or intra-cerebral hemorrhages were recruited. Participants underwent medical, neurological, and neuropsychological evaluations. The genetic analysis included chromosomal microarray, Karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and whole genome sequencing.

Results:
Of 68 individuals, six females presented with dementia, and four males presented with intracerebral hemorrhage. Of these, nine were found to carry Chromosome 21 copy number gain (chr21:27,224,097-27,871,284, GRCh37/hg19) including the APP locus (APP-dup). In seven, Chromosome 5 copy number gain (Chr5: 24,786,234-29,446,070, GRCh37/hg19) (Chr5-CNG) co-segregated with the APP-dup. Both duplications co-localized to chromosome 18q21.1 and segregated in 25 pre-symptomatic carriers. Compared to non-carriers, asymptomatic carriers manifested cognitive decline in their mid-thirties. A third of the affected individuals carried a diagnosis of a dis-immune condition.

Conclusions:
APP extra dosage, even in isolation and when located outside chromosome 21 is pathogenic. The clinical presentation of APP duplication varies and may be gender specific, i.e., ICH in males and cognitive-behavioral deterioration in females. The association with immune disorders is presently unclear but may prove relevant. The implication of Chr5-CNG co-segregation and the surrounding chromosome 18 genetic sequence needs further clarification.
Effects of Personal Relationships on Physical and Mental Health among Young Adults- A Scoping Review
Authors: Navaneetham Prakash , Kanth Barani 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
This scoping review explores the association between young adults’ personal relationships and their physical and mental health. We reviewed studies that examined the nature and the quality of interaction in personal relationships and its effect on physical and mental health among young adults. We excluded studies conducted on the population with psychiatric conditions or who are differently abled.

Methods:
We used the following network databases to find relevant research: Google Scholar, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EBSCO, PubMed, ERIC, Science Direct and JSTOR from August 2021 to December 2021. We obtained 64 studies following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.

Results and Discussion:
Thematic analysis of the selected studies indicates that personal relationships have the potency to either foster or hinder young adults’ physical and psychological functioning and well-being. Quality of relationships with family members such as parents, siblings, and extended family members are significantly associated with mental health and well-being Furthermore, studies showed that romantic relationship status and psychosocial characteristics within relationship contexts affect the mental health of young adults. In addition, our review showed that support from friendships, friendship features, and quality could support young adults’ self-esteem, mental health, and well-being. Although we find mixed results on personal relationships’ effect on physical health, few studies show that personal relationships affect cortisol levels, multiple areas of biological regulation, and women’s level of dysmenorrhea among young adults. The results justify the need to apply preventive intervention in the community to eliminate risk factors and enhance protective factors by imparting empirically validated knowledge, attitudes, and skills for relationships among young people. Investments in community-wide preventive interventions, interpersonal skill development agendas in counseling and psychotherapies, are recommended.

Conclusion:
The present review highlighted the underlying cultural influences on relationships and the necessity to promote relationship research in non-western cultures, given the underrepresentation of non-western cultures in research., we have highlighted the underlying cultural influences on relationships and the necessity to promote relationship research in non-western cultures, given the underrepresentation of non-western cultures in research.
Sporenmetalen, de oceaan en een veranderende wereld : de kracht van de allerkleinsten
Authors: Middag Rob 
Published: October 2022

Leven in de oceaan, of leven in het algemeen, kan niet bestaan zonder metalen. Metalen in het milieu hebben meestal een slechte reputatie omdat ze giftig kunnen zijn en vaak in het milieu komen door vervuiling. Maar een heel aantal metalen hebben twee verschillende gezichten. Ze zijn inderdaad giftig bij hoge concentraties, maar te lage concentraties zijn ook schadelijk. Omdat metalen veelal slecht oplosbaar zijn, komen ze in zeewater voor in extreem lage concentraties en zijn het dus met recht sporenmetalen. Lage beschikbaarheid van bio-essentiële sporenmetalen zoals ijzer of mangaan kan bepalend zijn voor de hoeveelheid leven in de oceaan. Hierbij spelen fytoplankton, eencellige algen die meestal niet met het blote oog te zien zijn, een belangrijke rol. Fytoplankton bedrijven fotosynthese (vastleggen van koolstofdioxide in biomassa) en vormen zo de basis van de voedselketen in zee en nemen veel koolstofdioxide op. Hierdoor wordt een grote hoeveelheid koolstof in de oceaan opgeslagen. Dit kunnen fytoplankton niet doen zonder bio-essentiële sporenmetalen en dus hebben veranderingen in de beschikbaarheid van sporenmetalen gevolgen voor het mariene ecosysteem, de productiviteit en koolstofopname van de oceaan. Mariene sporenmetalen zijn dus belangrijk voor het klimaat en de leefbaarheid van onze planeet. Voor een gezonde planeet is een gezonde oceaan cruciaal, maar de oceaan wordt sterk beïnvloed door klimaatverandering en staat onder toenemende druk door vervuiling en exploitatie. Dit heeft ook gevolgen voor de biogeochemische kringlopen van sporenmetalen en er is dus een sterke wisselwerking tussen sporenmetalen en de veranderende oceaan. Wat de gevolgen zullen zijn voor het functioneren van de oceaan is nog grotendeels onbekend. Een beter begrip van de oceaan is dus essentieel en hierbij mogen we sporenmetalen, ondanks hun lage concentraties, niet over het hoofd zien.
Google Images Search Results as a Resource in the Anatomy Laboratory: Rating of Educational Value
Authors: Wink Alexandra Elisabeth , Telfer Amanda N , Pascoe Michael A 
Published: October 2022

Background
Preclinical medical learners are embedded in technology-rich environments, allowing them rapid access to a large volume of information. The anatomy laboratory is an environment in which faculty can assess the development of professional skills such as information literacy in preclinical medical learners. In the anatomy laboratory, many students use Google Images searches in addition to or in place of other course materials as a resource to locate and identify anatomical structures. However, the most frequent sources as well as the educational quality of these images are unknown.

Objective
This study was designed to assess the sources and educational value of Google Images search results for commonly searched anatomical structures.

Methods
The top 10 Google Images search results were collected for 39 anatomical structures. Image source websites were recorded and categorized based on the purpose and target audience of the site publishing the image. Educational value was determined through assessment of relevance (is the searched structure depicted in the image?), accuracy (does the image contain errors?), and usefulness (will the image assist a learner in locating the structure on an anatomical donor?). A reliable scoring rubric was developed to assess an image’s usefulness.

Results
A total of 390 images were analyzed. Most often, images were sourced from websites targeting health care professionals and health care professions students (38% of images), while Wikipedia was the most frequent single source of image results (62/390 results). Of the 390 total images, 363 (93.1%) depicted the searched structure and were therefore considered relevant. However, only 43.0% (156/363) of relevant images met the threshold to be deemed useful in identifying the searched structure in an anatomical donor. The usefulness of images did not significantly differ across source categories.

Conclusions
Anatomy faculty may use these results to develop interventions for gaps in information literacy in preclinical medical learners in the context of image searches in the anatomy laboratory.
The Family Level Assessment of Screen Use–Mobile Approach: Development of an Approach to Measure Children’s Mobile Device Use
Authors: Perez Oriana , Kumar Vadathya Anil , Beltran Alicia , Barnett R Matthew , Hindera Olivia , Garza Tatyana , Musaad Salma M , Baranowski Tom , Hughes Sheryl O , Mendoza Jason A , Sabharwal Ashutosh , Veeraraghavan Ashok , O'Connor Teresia M 
Published: October 2022

Background
There is a strong association between increased mobile device use and worse dietary habits, worse sleep outcomes, and poor academic performance in children. Self-report or parent-proxy report of children’s screen time has been the most common method of measuring screen time, which may be imprecise or biased.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of measuring the screen time of children on mobile devices using the Family Level Assessment of Screen Use (FLASH)–mobile approach, an innovative method that leverages the existing features of the Android platform.

Methods
This pilot study consisted of 2 laboratory-based observational feasibility studies and 2 home-based feasibility studies in the United States. A total of 48 parent-child dyads consisting of a parent and child aged 6 to 11 years participated in the pilot study. The children had to have their own or shared Android device. The laboratory-based studies included a standardized series of tasks while using the mobile device or watching television, which were video recorded. Video recordings were coded by staff for a gold standard comparison. The home-based studies instructed the parent-child dyads to use their mobile device as they typically use it over 3 days. Parents received a copy of the use logs at the end of the study and completed an exit interview in which they were asked to review their logs and share their perceptions and suggestions for the improvement of the FLASH-mobile approach.

Results
The final version of the FLASH-mobile approach resulted in user identification compliance rates of >90% for smartphones and >80% for tablets. For laboratory-based studies, a mean agreement of 73.6% (SD 16.15%) was achieved compared with the gold standard (human coding of video recordings) in capturing the target child’s mobile use. Qualitative feedback from parents and children revealed that parents found the FLASH-mobile approach useful for tracking how much time their child spends using the mobile device as well as tracking the apps they used. Some parents revealed concerns over privacy and provided suggestions for improving the FLASH-mobile approach.

Conclusions
The FLASH-mobile approach offers an important new research approach to measure children’s use of mobile devices more accurately across several days, even when the child shares the device with other family members. With additional enhancement and validation studies, this approach can significantly advance the measurement of mobile device use among young children.