bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for an artificial pancreas system in outpatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D): systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Su Lim , Hwang Yoo Na , Kwon Ji Yean , Kim Sung Min 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for an artificial pancreas system in outpatients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and the Web of Science to December 2021. The eligibility criteria for study selection were randomized controlled trials comparing artificial pancreas systems (MPC, PID, and fuzzy algorithms) with conventional insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes patients. The heterogeneity of the overall results was identified by subgroup analysis of two factors including the intervention duration (overnight and 24 h) and the follow-up periods (< 1 week, 1 week to 1 month, and > 1 month).

Results
The meta-analysis included a total of 41 studies. Considering the effect on the percentage of time maintained in the target range between the MPC-based artificial pancreas and conventional insulin therapy, the results showed a statistically significantly higher percentage of time maintained in the target range in overnight use (10.03%, 95% CI [7.50, 12.56] p < 0.00001). When the follow-up period was considered, in overnight use, the MPC-based algorithm showed a statistically significantly lower percentage of time maintained in the hypoglycemic range (−1.34%, 95% CI [−1.87, −0.81] p < 0.00001) over a long period of use (> 1 month).

Conclusions
Overnight use of the MPC-based artificial pancreas system statistically significantly improved glucose control while increasing time maintained in the target range for outpatients with type 1 diabetes. Results of subgroup analysis revealed that MPC algorithm-based artificial pancreas system was safe while reducing the time maintained in the hypoglycemic range after an overnight intervention with a long follow-up period (more than 1 month).
Altered frontal connectivity as a mechanism for executive function deficits in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Schmitt Lauren M. , Li Joy , Liu Rui , Horn Paul S. , Sweeney John A. , Erickson Craig A. , Pedapati Ernest V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Executive function (EF), necessary for adaptive goal-oriented behavior and dependent on frontal lobe function, is impaired in individuals with FXS. Yet, little is known how alterations in frontal lobe neural activity is related to EF deficits in FXS.

Methods
Sixty-one participants with FXS (54% males) and 71 age- and sex-matched typically-developing controls (TDC; 58% males) completed a five-minute resting state electroencephalography (EEG) protocol and a computerized battery of tests of EF, the Test of Attentional Performance for Children (KiTAP). Following source localization (minimum-norm estimate), we computed debiased weighted phase lag index (dWPLI), a phase connectivity value, for pairings between 18 nodes in frontal regions for gamma (30–55 Hz) and alpha (10.5–12.5 Hz) bands. Linear models were generated with fixed factors of group, sex, frequency, and connection. Relationships between frontal connectivity and EF variables also were examined.

Results
Individuals with FXS demonstrated increased gamma band and reduced alpha band connectivity across all frontal regions and across hemispheres compared to TDC. After controlling for nonverbal IQ, increased error rates on EF tasks were associated with increased gamma band and reduced alpha band connectivity.

Limitations
Frontal connectivity findings are limited to intrinsic brain activity during rest and may not generalize to frontal connectivity during EF tasks or everyday function.

Conclusions
We report gamma hyper-connectivity and alpha hypo-connectivity within source-localized frontal brain regions in FXS compared to TDC during resting-state EEG. For the first time in FXS, we report significant associations between EF and altered frontal connectivity, with increased error rate relating to increased gamma band connectivity and reduced alpha band connectivity. These findings suggest increased phase connectivity within gamma band may impair EF performance, whereas greater alpha band connectivity may provide compensatory support for EF. Together, these findings provide important insight into neurophysiological mechanisms of EF deficits in FXS and provide novel targets for treatment development.
Acceptability and feasibility of continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes: protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Brown Jennifer V. E. , Ajjan Ramzi , Siddiqi Najma , Coventry Peter A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGood glycaemic control is a crucial part of diabetes management. Traditional assessment methods, including HbA1c checks and self-monitoring of blood glucose, can be unreliable and inaccurate. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers a non-invasive and more detailed alternative. Availability of this technology is increasing worldwide. However, there is no current comprehensive evidence on the acceptability and feasibility of these devices. This is a protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence about acceptability and feasibility of CGM in people with diabetes.MethodsWe will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL for qualitative and quantitative evidence about the feasibility and acceptability of CGM in all populations with diabetes (any type) using search terms for “continuous glucose monitoring” and “diabetes”. We will not apply any study-type filters. Searches will be restricted to studies conducted in humans and those published from 2011 onwards. We will not restrict the search by language. Study selection and data extraction will be carried out by two reviewers independently using Rayyan and Eppi-Reviewer, respectively, with disagreements resolved by discussion. Data extraction will include key information about each study, as well as qualitative evidence in the form of participant quotes from primary studies and themes and subthemes based on the authors’ analysis. Quantitative data relating to acceptability and feasibility including data loss, adherence, and quantitative ratings of acceptability will be extracted as means and standard deviations or n/N as appropriate. Qualitative evidence will be analysed using framework analysis informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Where possible, quantitative evidence will be combined using random-effects meta-analysis; otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be performed. The most appropriate method for integrating qualitative and quantitative findings will be selected based on the data available.DiscussionOngoing assessment of the acceptability of interventions has been identified as crucially important to scale-up and implementation. This review will provide new knowledge with the potential to inform a programme theory of CGM as well as future roll-out to potentially vulnerable populations, including those with severe mental illness.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42021255141.
Improving the estimation of thermospheric neutral density via two-step assimilation of in situ neutral density into a numerical model
Authors: Corbin Armin , Kusche Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeutral thermospheric density is an essential quantity required for precise orbit determination of satellites, collision avoidance of satellites, re-entry prediction of satellites or space debris, and satellite lifetime assessments. Empirical models of the thermosphere fail to provide sufficient estimates of neutral thermospheric density along the orbits of satellites by reason of approximations, assumptions and a limited temporal resolution. At high solar activity these estimates can be off by 70% when comparing to observations at 12-hourly averages. In recent decades, neutral density is regularly observed with satellite accelerometers on board of low Earth orbiting satellites like CHAMP, GOCE, GRACE, GRACE-FO, or Swarm. When assimilating such along-track information into global models of thermosphere–ionosphere dynamics, it has been often observed that only a very local sub-domain of the model grid around the satellite’s position is updated. To extend the impact to the entire model domain we suggest a new two-step approach: we use accelerometer-derived neutral densities from the CHAMP mission in a first step to calibrate an empirical thermosphere density model (NRLMSIS 2.0). In a second step, we assimilate—for the first time—densities predicted for a regular three-dimensional grid into the TIE-GCM (Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model). Data assimilation is performed using the Local Error-Subspace Transform Kalman Filter provided by the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF). We test the new approach using a 2-week-long period containing the 5 April 2010 Geomagnetic storm. Accelerometer-derived neutral densities from the GRACE mission are used for additional evaluation. We demonstrate that the two-step approach globally improves the simulation of thermospheric density. We could significantly improve the density prediction for CHAMP and GRACE. In fact, the offset between the accelerometer-derived densities and the model prediction is reduced by 45% for CHAMP and 20% for GRACE when applying the two-step approach. The implication is that our approach allows one to much better ’transplant’ the precise CHAMP thermospheric density measurements to satellites flying at a similar altitude.
Graphical Abstract
Swarm Thermal Ion Imager measurement performance
Authors: Burchill Johnathan K. , Knudsen David J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe assess the performance of the thermal ion imaging (TII) technique as conceived for the Swarm Earth Explorer satellites. Analysis, simulation, and laboratory testing performed prior to flight provided estimates of systematic and random error sources of the electric field instrument’s vector ion drift, electric field, and ion kinetic temperature measurements. An end-to-end instrument simulator, consisting of models of the TIIs on a prototypical Swarm satellite orbiting Earth with ionospheric plasma, electric field, and magnetic field inputs, was used to generate TII sensor data (level 0 instrument data). These data were processed with a prototype processor (the level 1b processor) to characterize theoretical measurement performance. We describe the methodology used to assess TII measurement uncertainty and present the main findings of the end-to-end measurement performance study. In addition, we assess the measurement performance achieved during approximately eight years of orbital operations. Example measurements demonstrate the quality of ion drift velocity. Unprocessed TII imagery reveals spurious signals which can affect measurement performance. Availability of such imagery has proven vital for diagnosing measurement anomalies associated with sensor operation and spacecraft–plasma interactions.
Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of pretreatment ADC values as predictors of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer - a multicenter study
Authors: Surov Alexey , Pech Maciej , Meyer Hans-Jonas , Bitencourt Almir G. V. , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Baxter Gabrielle C. , Santamaría Gorane , Gilbert Fiona J. , Wienke Andreas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to diagnose breast cancer. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can reflect tumor microstructure in a non-invasive manner. The correct prediction of response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial for clinical routine.
Our aim was to compare ADC values between patients with pathological complete response (pCR) and non-responders based upon a multi-center design to improve the correct patient selection, which patient would more benefit from NAC and which patient would not.

Methods
For this study, data from 4 centers (from Japan, Brazil, Spain and United Kingdom) were retrospectively acquired. The time period was overall 2003–2019. The patient sample comprises 250 patients (all female; median age, 50.5). In every case, pretreatment breast MRI with DWI was performed. pCR was assessed by experienced pathologists in every center using the surgical specimen in the clinical routine work up. pCR was defined as no residual invasive disease in either breast or axillary lymph nodes after NAC. ADC values between the group with pCR and those with no pCR were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test (two-group comparisons). Univariable and multivariabe logistic regression analysis was performed to predict pCR status.

Results
Overall, 83 patients (33.2%) achieved pCR. The ADC values of the patient group with pCR were lower compared with patients without pCR (0.98 ± 0.23 × 10− 3 mm2/s versus 1.07 ± 0.24 × 10− 3 mm2/s, p = 0.02). The ADC value achieved an odds ratio of 4.65 (95% CI 1.40–15.49) in univariable analysis and of 3.0 (95% CI 0.85–10.63) in multivariable analysis (overall sample) to be associated with pCR status. The odds ratios differed in the subgroup analyses in accordance with the molecular subtype.

Conclusions
The pretreatment ADC-value is associated with pathological complete response after NAC in breast cancer patients. This could aid in clinical routine to reduce treatment toxicity for patients, who would not benefit from NAC. However, this must be tested in further studies, as the overlap of the ADC values in both groups is too high for clinical prediction.
Chemopreventive effects and anti-tumorigenic mechanisms of Actinidia arguta, known as sarunashi in Japan toward 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)- induced lung tumorigenesis in a/J mouse
Authors: Takata Jun , Miyake Naoko , Saiki Yusuke , Tada Misako , Sasaki Kensuke , Kubo Toshio , Kiura Katsuyuki , Arimoto-Kobayashi Sakae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we reported the inhibitory effect ofActinidia argutajuice, known as sarunashi juice (sar-j) in Japan, on mutagenesis, inflammation, and mouse skin tumorigenesis. The components ofA. argutaresponsible for the anti-mutagenic effects were identified to be water-soluble, heat-labile phenolic compounds. We proposed isoquercetin (isoQ) as a candidate anticarcinogenic component. In this study, we sought to investigate the chemopreventive effects ofA. argutajuice and isoQ on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice, and identify the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-tumorigenic effects ofA. arguta.ResultsThe number of tumor nodules per mouse lung in the group injected with NNK and administeredA. argutajuice orally was significantly lower than that in the group injected with NNK only. Oral administration of isoQ also reduced the number of nodules in the mouse lungs. As expected, the mutagenicity of NNK and 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) detected usingS. typhimuriumTA1535 decreased in the presence of sar-j. However, NNK and MNNG mutagenicity detected usingS. typhimuriumYG7108, a strain lacking the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferases (ogtSTandadaST) did not decrease in the presence of sar-j suggesting that sar-j may mediate its antimutagenic effect by enhancing the DNA damage repair byogtSTandadaST. Phosphorylation of Akt, with or without epidermal growth factor stimulation, in A549 cells was significantly decreased following sar-j and isoQ treatment, indicating that components in sar-j including isoQ suppressed the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.ConclusionsSar-j and isoQ reduced NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis. Sar-j targets both the initiation and growth/progression steps during carcinogenesis, specifically via anti-mutagenesis, stimulation of alkyl DNA adduct repair, and suppression of Akt-mediated growth signaling. IsoQ might contribute in part to the biological effects of sar-j via suppression of Akt phosphorylation, but it may not be the main active ingredient.
“Day 25”: a temporal indicator of stabilization of mortality risk among COVID-19 patients with high viral load
Authors: Osman Nancy A. , Hashish Mona H. , Bakr Wafaa M. K. , Osman Nermin A. , Omran Eman A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and hospitalization and mortality among COVID-19 patients has been established. However, the estimation of the duration of time after which the risk of mortality of these patients stops escalating was not extensively discussed earlier. Stratifying patients according to their risk of mortality would optimize healthcare services and costs and reduce mortality.

Methodology
In this retrospective observational study, hospital records were used to collect data of 519 COVID-19 patients from May through November 2020. Data included the clinical condition of patients, their viral loads, their admission chest computed tomography results (CO-RAD scale), and the duration of their hospitalization. A Kaplan–Meier analysis was constructed to estimate mortality risk concerning viral load.

Results
By the end of the study, 20.42% of patients were deceased. The cumulative mortality was: 36.1% (75/208) among patients with high viral load, 12.6% (28/222) in those with moderate viral load, and 3.4% (3/89) among those with low viral load. Predictors of mortality were: older age [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.02, 95% CI: [1.00–1.03], (p = 0.05)], "being female" [aHR = 1.53 with 95% CI: [1.03–2.26], (p = 0.031), "high CO-RAD scale" [aHR = 1.32 (1.06–1.64), p = 0.013], "high viral load" [aHR = 4.59 (2.38–20.92), p = 0.017, ICU admission [aHR = 15.95; 95%CI:7.22–35.20, p < 0.001] and lymphocytosis [aHR = 1.89 45;95%CI:1.04–3.45, p = 0.036]. In the ICU-admitted patients, the median survival was 19 days and mortality stabilized at "day 25". For patients with high viral load, mortality rates stabilized at "day 25 post-admission" after which the risks of mortality did not change until day 40, while patients with low and moderate viral loads reached the peak and stabilized at day "20 post-admission".

Conclusions
Initial high SARS-CoV-2 viral load might be used as an indicator of a delayed stabilization of mortality risk among COVID-19 patients.
Hydromagnetic free convection flow in a vertical microporous channel with Hall current and ion-slip effect
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Malgwi Peter B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present work, steady-state hydromagnetic analysis and flow formation of Newtonian viscous fluid through a vertical microporous channel is studied theoretically. The transport governing equations include the effect of Hall current and ion-slip effects in the microchannel slip regime. Unlike the usual employed thermal properties of constant heat flux/temperature at the boundary, the current work assumes that the microporous walls are influenced by different surrounding wall temperatures. Solution to the governing equations depending on Prandtl number, rarefaction parameter, Hall current parameter, ion-slip parameter, Hartmann number and suction/injection parameter are obtained by utilizing the method of undetermined coefficient. Results demonstrating the effect of these parameters on different flow features are presented graphically in MATLAB. The results reveal that in the simultaneous occurrence of Hall and ion-slip currents, higher values of rarefaction parameter enhance the momentum boundary layer in both primary and secondary flow directions. In addition, results from this analysis also reveal that the main component of fluid velocity remains unaffected to higher values of Hall current, whereas it decreases along the induced flow directions. Furthermore, for a specific value of Hall parameter and ion-slip current, injection weakens the buoyancy drive resulting in a reduction in volume flow rate. The contrast is true with suction.
Molecular Classification of Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Foote Michael B. , Walch Henry , Chatila Walid , Vakiani Efsevia , Chandler Chris , Steinruecke Felix , Nash Garrett M. , Stadler Zsofia , Chung Sebastian , Yaeger Rona , Braghrioli Maria Ignez , Shia Jinru , Kemel Yelena , Maio Anna , Sheehan Margaret , Rousseau Benoit , Argilés Guillem , Berger Michael , Solit David , Schultz Nikolaus , Diaz Luis A. , Cercek Andrea 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE Appendiceal adenocarcinomas (ACs) are rare, histologically diverse malignancies treated as colorectal cancers despite having distinct biology and clinical behavior. To guide clinical decision making, we defined molecular subtypes of AC associated with patient survival, metastatic burden, and chemotherapy response. PATIENTS AND METHODS A comprehensive molecular analysis was performed in patients with AC to define molecular subtypes. Associations between molecular subtype and overall survival, intraoperative peritoneal cancer index, and first-line chemotherapy response were assessed adjusting for histopathologic and clinical variables using multivariable Cox proportional hazards, linear regression, and logistic regression models. RESULTS We defined distinct molecular lineages of mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma (MAAP) from co-occurring mutations in GNAS, RAS, and TP53. Of 164 MAAP tumors, 24 were RAS-mutant (mut) predominant ( RAS-mut/ GNAS-wild-type [wt]/ TP53-wt) with significantly decreased mutations and chromosomal alterations compared with tumors with GNAS mutations (GNAS-mut predominant) or TP53 mutations (TP53-mut predominant). No patient with RAS-mut predominant subtype metastatic MAAP died of cancer, and overall survival in this subgroup was significantly improved compared with patients with GNAS-mut ( P = .05) and TP53-mut ( P = .004) predominant subtypes. TP53-mut predominant subtypes were highly aneuploid; increased tumor aneuploidy was independently ( P = .001) associated with poor prognosis. The findings retained significance in patients with any metastatic AC. RAS-mut predominant metastases exhibited reduced peritoneal tumor bulk ( P = .04) and stromal invasion ( P < .001) compared with GNAS-mut or TP53-mut predominant tumors, respectively. Patients with RAS-mut predominant MAAP responded more to first-line chemotherapy (50%) compared with patients with GNAS-mut predominant tumors (6%, P = .03). CONCLUSION AC molecular patterns identify distinct molecular subtypes: a clinically indolent RAS-mut/GNAS-wt/TP53-wt subtype; a chemotherapy-resistant GNAS-mut predominant subtype; and an aggressive, highly aneuploid TP53-mut predominant subtype. Each subtype exhibits conserved clinical behavior irrespective of histopathology.