bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study behaviour of ratchet mechanism manufactured with 3D printing technology
Authors: Rizescu C I , Baciu D E , Rizescu D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, there was developed research for the behavior of ratchet mechanism and ratchet wheel considering several materials and technologies. A ratchet wheel and pawl allow rotation of the shaft in only one direction. Considering 3D printing technologies, the paper approaches the designing and machining of a classic ratchet mechanism, generally well known, but there were highlighted some special particularities. That is known that the ratchet mechanisms are used mainly to low-speed applications, as well as in those applications where noise and vibration are of low importance. Using materials like PLA (Polylactic Acid) or ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) for example, noise and vibrations can be considerably reduced. Another advantage is that the entire mechanism has lightweight. In this work, there were considered different infill percentages, 20% and 30%, for the 3D printed parts. The designed experimental setup allows rapid changing of the mechanical elements. There were developed several mechanisms, considering different numbers of teeth for the ratchet wheel and two materials. This paper aims the study of the behavior of machine elements obtained as 3D Printed parts like gears, bellows, bushes, sliders, brakes, diaphragms, leaf, and helical springs, bearings, clutches, etc., presented by authors in the previous papers.
A study of Fused Filament Fabrication process efficiency: ABS vs PLA materials
Authors: Ninikas K , Kechagias J , Fountas N A , Vaxevanidis N M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A study of the shape accuracy of pieces created using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process is presented. Accuracy of the parts coming from 3D Printing (3DP) technologies is an essential criterion, primarily when used in assembly configurations. Two polymers; PLA and ABS, three infill percentages; 20, 50, and 70 (%), three numbers for shells; 1, 2 and 3 and three different layer heights; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 (mm) were the variables and their corresponding levels. A benchmark specimen was designed whilst nine experiments were performed according to the Taguchi methodology. Dimensional accuracy readings then followed, and the results were analysed using descriptive statistical tools such as analysis of means (ANOM), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and contour plots. The presented results indicate that 3D printed parts of PLA material exhibited better dimensional accuracy than ABS ones.
Innovative process for material separation of printed circuit boards (PCB) with laser technology
Authors: Zink M , Sover A , Vogel T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the last years, the worldwide amount of electronic waste has increased, according to a report of the United Nations University. Our society urgently needs new solutions for the recycling of electronic waste, which is often not recycled in an environmentally friendly way. However, the electronic waste contains a large quantity of noble metals. They are excellent for reuse and can be melted and reshaped several times. For this purpose, they must be separated into their components before recycling. The laser technology has a great potential for an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and at the same time material-appropriate separation of the individual materials from different hybrid components. The possibility of using a laser to mechanically and physically separate the individual layers of a printed circuit board was studied for this paper. The first tests have shown that it is possible to separate the individual PCB materials to facilitate optimal reuse of them.
Superalloy manufacturing application on CNC machine tool
Authors: But Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper presents one real application to manufacturing a superalloy material, taking into consideration their properties (creep-rupture) that recommend them for high-temperature applications dedicated to the aerospace manufacturing area. Aspects related to milling operations on the CNC machine tool are underlined. Thus, several milling strategies are detailed, depending on the type of cutting tool and the material of the removable inserts, but also aspects related to the milling process itself, which involves information’s about the characteristics of the material of the part, optimal ways of chip formation depending on the type of inserts. Three different milling strategies were analysed with the target to obtain the best solution to manufacturing the superalloy materials to keep is possible, more the time live of the cutting tools, but at the same time, to reduce the time of manufacturing. It was obtained a significant reducing time of manufacturing and was implemented different milling CAM solutions with useful conclusions for future applications.
Obtaining one-sheeted revolution hyperboloid surface by cutting
Authors: Slătineanu L , Hriţuc A , Dodun O , Nagîţ G , Beşliu-Băncescu I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There are situations when obtaining surfaces that correspond to one-sheeted revolution hyperboloid surface is formulated in industrial practice. Solving such a problem may require the use of expensive procedures and equipment. The analysis of some solutions from the specialized literature led to the acceptance of some possibilities to obtain certain surfaces specific to the one- sheeted revolution hyperboloids by turning and milling. A technological solution that involves using a milling device adaptable to a universal lathe has been proposed.
Numerical analysis of the stresses appeared around some lifting ears from a cylinder used in the petrochemical industry
Authors: Iamandei A , Ripeanu R G , Stanciu L , Popa I , Vasilescu S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the petrochemical industry there are many devices with cylindrical shapes such as: columns and horizontal or vertical vessels. All these devices, during the fitting or transporting processes must be raised using some special ears. Using the same methodology with those presented in [1,2,4,5], the paper presents the stresses that appear around some raising ears (made from curved beams) welded on the cylindrical shell. The connection between the ears and cylinder are analysed in two cases: when the ear is welded directly on the cylinder and when the ear is welded on a reinforcement pad welded on the cylinder. Maximum stresses obtained in certain elements of the cylinder (for different thicknesses of the shell) are compared with the allowable limits of the materials.
New approach in solving derivative causality problems in the bond-graph method
Authors: Ibănescu M , Ibănescu R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
From the bond-graph model of a dynamic system, the state equations can be obtained. When the system contains only energy storing elements in integral causality, the system of state equations is immediately and directly determined. When the model contains at least one energy storing element in derivative causality, the resulted system of differential-algebraic equations arises some difficulties in finding the final form of the system of state equations. The work presents a new method of deducing the state equations in case of bond-graph models with one, or several energy storing elements in derivative causality. This method is based on the kinetic energy of the system and offers the possibility to avoid a difficult mathematical calculus for the transition from a system of differential algebraic equations to the system of state equations.
Theoretical and experimental results of stepped tubes with circular cross-sections
Authors: Predoiu C P , Tabacu S , Negrea R F , Popa D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present work focuses on investigating the axial crushing process of circular cross-section tubes with variable diameters using theoretical and experimental methods. In case of an impact, the energy should be consumed by the controlled deformation of the sacrificial structures. The specimens are designed as structures with the same height and have sectors with different diameters and thicknesses. Following the experimental tests, finite element analysis was performed, and the dataset was processed using Matlab. The solution generates a theoretical mean crushing force curve, including the height sectors with different diameters and the mean crushing force curves for experimental and simulation results. The methodology provides the background for a future investigation.
New applications for shape memory alloys in angular - contact ball bearings preloading systems
Authors: Zamă Andrei , Olaru Dumitru , Paleu Viorel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) have been researched extensively in the past forty years. The different available compositions of these alloys can make them suitable for certain applications with specific requirements. The increasing demand for high precision machinery and equipment brought forward the need to search for alloys that that can perform better under stress than conventional materials. This is the case of Shape Memory Alloys. As their name suggests, these alloys can regain their initial shape after being subjected to external stresses, up to a specific degree. Due to the research carried out over the past two decades on these alloys, they became better known and more accessible, being tested in order to be integrated in various applications. One such application consists of using a shape memory alloy formed into disc springs in order to optimize the preloading of angular contact ball bearings. The tests were conducted using a device especially developed for this research, with the purpose of recording the friction torque evolution and the preload induced by disc springs during the operation of the rolling bearings in order to assess the possibility of using elastic elements for active ball bearings preloading systems.
Biogas from poultry waste - a source of energy
Authors: Halmaciu A I , Ionel I , Wächter M R , Vetres I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The latest excessive industrial development has led to both the increase of the fossil fuel consumption and an excessive pollution. A saving solution would be considered renewable energy sources, best based on wastes, which prove energy content. The current work focuses on a case study for the biogas production, using anaerobic digestion of poultry dejections, by means of a latest generation bio-processor. These dejections are presently and normally used only as fertilizer. The experiment was performed simultaneously in 6 digesters, which were loaded daily with a quantity of material resulting from the calculated recipe, based on the characteristics of the poultry litter. Preliminary experimental analysis such as calorific value, humidity and volatile content were run. Following the results obtained, one can state that the poultry litter can be used as raw material for the anaerobic biogas production, in the future, as well.
Theoretical and experimental research on the quality of thermoformed foils using 3D-printed plastic moulds
Authors: Boca M A , Sover A , Slătineanu L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An innovative approach to additive manufacturing consists in the possibility of producing moulds that can be used for traditional manufacturing processes such as thermoforming. The quality and dimensional precision of the interior surfaces of the plastic foils obtained after thermoforming is closely related to the used mould. The influencing factors considered are the different thermal and mechanical properties offered by the wide range of available plastic materials for additive manufacturing (AM), the multitude of printing parameters, and the technological process by means of which the mould was obtained. For the production of plastic moulds, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) processes, as well as materials specific to each technology, are used. This paper identifies and explains issues concerning the surface quality of the thermoformed foil through a systemic analysis approach and by conducting laboratory experiments. Optical 3D scanning equipment and software are employed to determine the proper additive process and materials for thermoforming process. The best quality of the finished product was obtained in the case of a male mould made by the SLS technology and PS foil with a thickness of 0.7 mm.
Holistic management of next generation manufacturing system
Authors: Frumuşanu Gabriel , Afteni Cezarina , Epureanu Alexandru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The manufacturing system is a widely addressed subject. Many researchers have worked since a significant number of years in this field. Still, manufacturing system performance is capped by the insufficient level of accordance between manufacturing system and product. At the same time, global energy and global information networks have been created during recent years. Besides other applications, these networks can be turned in hard and soft infrastructure supporting the manufacturing system. For this reason, many specialists consider that the conceptual rebuilding of the manufacturing system is a notable challenge. This paper answers to this challenge by suggesting a holonic technique for manufacturing system management at basic, operational level. The proposed technique lays on the following hypothesis: i) next generation manufacturing system will be a modular cyber-physical system, ii) the typical management task is decision making, and iii) the procedure for decision making consists in options identification, followed by their comparative assessment. The approach is to manage the manufacturing system activity by holonic modelling of the system functioning, followed by the identification of a dedicated holarchy. The proposed technique aims to mitigate system performance in what concerns responsiveness capacity, investment efficiency and production costs. The technique is presented in architectural conceptual manner.
Industry management transformation in digital age
Authors: Shatilova Olena , Sobolieva Tetiana , Batenko Liudmyla , Sahaidak Mykhailo , Omelianenko Tetiana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to the topical problems of adapting company management to the modern conditions of the digitization and Industry 4.0 formation. The essence of digital transformation is characterized and the main spheres of its impact are highlighted. There are the main characteristics of the modern companies that operate under the conditions of Industry 4.0, problems, prospects and key factors of ensuring the competitiveness of companies in the context of digital transformation. The ways of the company management development under the influence of digital transformation have been investigated.
Revealing thickness dependence of hardness, strain rate sensitivity, and creep resistance of nano-crystalline magnesium/titanium multilayers by nanoindentation
Authors: Lu Congda , Ding Jie , Song Yuxuan , Ma Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The size effect on mechanical properties of hcp/hcp multilayer has been short of understanding hitherto. In this study, we prepared Magnesium/Titanium (Mg/Ti) multilayers with various individual layer thicknesses (h = 50, 100, 150, 200 nm) by magnetron sputtering. Relying on nanoindentation, hardness and elastic modulus were little changed for the multilayers with h of 50 ∼ 150 nm, while they were evidently lower when h increased to 200 nm. The determined strain rate sensitivities were 0.029, 0.032, 0.035, and 0.062 for the samples with h = 50, 100, 150, 200 nm, respectively. According to evolution of grain size, it suggests that Hall-Petch law dominates the strengthen effect of this hcp/hcp multilayers, rather than blocking effect of interface and decrease of dislocation content by reducing individual layer thickness. On the other hand, creep resistance was gradually promoted as reducing h. It indicates that interface and dislocation content could be important for the time-dependent plastic deformation. The room-temperature creep mechanism was discussed based on the strain rate sensitivity of steady-state creep flow. It indicates that dislocation glide could be suppressed and grain boundary glide, dislocation climb, and even interface glade could be plausible when h decreased to 50 nm.
Spatial transcriptomic profiles of mouse uterine microenvironments at pregnancy day 7.5
Authors: Li Rong , Wang Tian-yuan , Xu Xin , Emery Olivia M , Yi MyeongJin , Wu San-Pin , DeMayo Francesco J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Uterine dysfunctions lead to fertility disorders and pregnancy complications. Normal uterine functions at pregnancy depend on crosstalk among multiple cell types in uterine microenvironments. Here, we performed the spatial transcriptomics and single-cell RNA-seq assays to determine local gene expression profiles at the embryo implantation site of the mouse uterus on pregnancy day 7.5 (D7.5). The spatial transcriptomic annotation identified 11 domains of distinct gene signatures, including a mesometrial myometrium, an anti-mesometrial myometrium, a mesometrial decidua enriched with natural killer cells, a vascular sinus zone for maternal vessel remodeling, a fetal–maternal interface, a primary decidual zone, a transition decidual zone, a secondary decidual zone, undifferentiated stroma, uterine glands, and the embryo. The scRNA-Seq identified 12 types of cells in the D7.5 uterus including three types of stromal fibroblasts with differentiated and undifferentiated markers, one cluster of epithelium including luminal and glandular epithelium, mesothelium, endothelia, pericytes, myelomonocytic cell, natural killer cells, and lymphocyte B. These single-cell RNA signatures were then utilized to deconvolute the cell-type compositions of each individual uterine microenvironment. Functional annotation assays on spatial transcriptomic data revealed uterine microenvironments with distinguished metabolic preferences, immune responses, and various cellular behaviors that are regulated by region-specific endocrine and paracrine signals. Global interactome among regions is also projected based on the spatial transcriptomic data. This study provides high-resolution transcriptome profiles with locality information at the embryo implantation site to facilitate further investigations on molecular mechanisms for normal pregnancy progression.
Oral disease is linked to low nestling condition and brood size in a raptor species living in a highly modified environment
Authors: Blanco Guillermo , Frías Óscar , Pitarch Aida , Carrete Martina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors can favor the occurrence of noninfectious disease that can be worsened by the impact of opportunistic pathogens, making the epizootiology of environmental diseases difficult to unravel. The incidence and impact of oral lesions in nestlings of a facultative scavenger species, the black kite Milvus migrans, were examined over seven breeding seasons in the highly degraded environment close to Madrid, Spain. We found an overall prevalence of 31% of nestlings with oral lesions, with no clear spatial pattern in nests with affected and unaffected individuals. The occurrence and number of oral lesions were negatively associated with nestling body condition and brood size. Broods, where all siblings had oral lesions, were smaller than those where some or all siblings were apparently healthy, suggesting that oral disease could be causing nestling mortality and, consequently, brood size reduction. In turn, nestling body condition was negatively affected by lesion occurrence, brood size, and laying date. Although these relationships were bidirectional, piecewise structural equation modeling analyses showed a greater negative effect of body condition on lesion occurrence than vice versa, indicating that nestlings in poorer body condition were more likely to develop oral lesions (which could contribute to aggravate their state of deterioration) than those in better condition. Nestlings from small broods were also more likely to have oral disease (directly or indirectly through their lower body condition) than nestlings from large broods. Nestlings that hatched last in the broods showed greater development stress than those that hatched first. Anthropogenic stressors could trigger poor body condition, and contribute to microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases. Although further research is needed to determine the consequences for the long-term fitness of individuals, actions should be taken to mitigate adverse conditions that may favor the appearance of environmental diseases associated with peri-urban areas, given their rapid expansion over natural areas.
Stable QTL for malate levels in ripe fruit and their transferability acrossVitisspecies
Authors: Reshef Noam , Karn Avinash , Manns David C , Mansfield Anna Katharine , Cadle-Davidson Lance , Reisch Bruce , Sacks Gavin L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMalate is a major contributor to the sourness of grape berries (Vitis spp.) and their products, such as wine. Excessive malate at maturity, commonly observed in wild Vitis grapes, is detrimental to grape and wine quality and complicates the introgression of valuable disease resistance and cold hardy genes through breeding. This study investigated an interspecific Vitis family that exhibited strong and stable variation in malate at ripeness for five years and tested the separate contribution of accumulation, degradation, and dilution to malate concentration in ripe fruit in the last year of study. Genotyping was performed using transferable rhAmpSeq haplotype markers, based on the Vitis collinear core genome. Three significant QTL for ripe fruit malate on chromosomes 1, 7, and 17, accounted for over two-fold and 6.9 g/L differences, and explained 40.6% of the phenotypic variation. QTL on chromosomes 7 and 17 were stable in all and in three out of five years, respectively. Variation in pre-veraison malate was the major contributor to variation in ripe fruit malate (39%), and based on two and five years of data, respectively, their associated QTL overlapped on chromosome 7, indicating a common genetic basis. However, use of transferable markers on a closely related Vitis family did not yield a common QTL across families. This suggests that diverse physiological mechanisms regulate the levels of this key metabolite in the Vitis genus, a conclusion supported by a review of over a dozen publications from the past decade, showing malate-associated genetic loci on all 19 chromosomes.