bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining new‐generation transdermal alcohol biosensor performance across laboratory and field contexts
Authors: Ariss Talia , Fairbairn Catharine E. , Bosch Nigel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWrist‐worn transdermal alcohol sensors have the potential to change how alcohol consumption is measured. However, hardware and data analytic challenges associated with transdermal sensor data have kept these devices from widespread use. Given recent technological and analytic advances, this study provides an updated account of the performance of a new‐generation wrist‐worn transdermal sensor in both laboratory and field settings.MethodsThis work leverages machine learning models to convert transdermal alcohol concentration data into estimates of Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) in a large‐scale laboratory sample (N = 256, study 1) and a pilot field sample (N = 27, study 2). Specifically, in both studies, the accuracy of the translation is evaluated by comparing BAC estimates yielded by BACtrack Skyn to real‐time breathalyzer measurements collected in the laboratory and in the field.ResultsThe newest version of the Skyn device demonstrates a substantially lower error rate than older hand‐assembled prototypes (0% to 7% vs. 29% to 53%, respectively). On average, real‐time estimates of BrAC yielded by these transdermal sensors are within 0.007 of true BAC readings in the laboratory context and within 0.019 of true BrAC readings in the field. In both contexts, the distance between true and estimated BrAC was larger when only alcohol episodes were examined (laboratory = 0.017; field = 0.041). Finally, results of power‐law‐curve projections indicate that, given their accuracy, transdermal BrAC estimates in real‐world contexts have the potential to improve markedly (>25%) with adequately sized datasets for model training.ConclusionFindings from this study indicate that the latest version of the transdermal wrist sensor holds promise for the accurate assessment of alcohol consumption in field contexts. A great deal of additional work is needed to provide a full picture of the utility of these devices, including research with large participant samples in field contexts.
A Parody in Berlin: Reading the Obvious and the Ordinary in Historical Violence
Authors: Brandel Andrew 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYThe popularity of Timur Vermes's Er ist wieder da (2012), its widespread translation, and the film version (2015) all raised critical hackles in Germany, provoking debate about the perceived risk of normalization associated with satirizing Hitler, or worse, inviting empathy by humanizing him. Hitler escapes his historical demise and awakes in the twenty‐first century, where he is misrecognized as an actor and becomes popular on the internet. I read the texts against the grain of its public reception by critics and scholars for whom it offers an obvious critique of Germany's contemporary susceptibility to the allure of charismatic fascism. I argue that it is this obviousness itself that comes under pressure through the two texts: if critics worry that satirizing Hitler even for the sake of such a critique will normalize memory of the Holocaust, it is the ease with which even critics accept the central science fictional device—Hitler's inexplicable return to contemporary Berlin decades after his death—that demands critical attention. Reading a film or a novel's reception anthropologically, in this paper, I make a case for an investigation into what is taken to be obvious and what it is that blocks such an inquiry. [popular culture; Holocaust; parody; public memory; alternative history]
Caliban, His Woman, and the Gendered (In)humanism of Wild Seed
Authors: Ibrahim Habiba 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYIn this article, I begin with a broad question for anthropological philosophy—what is the human?—to turn toward a related question for social analysis: How did the concept of gender become a constitutive part of being human? Octavia Butler's speculative historical novel, Wild Seed (1980), troubles gender's conceptual metaphysics, serving as a precursor for the exploration of an alternative humanism found in Sylvia Wynter's “Beyond Miranda's Meanings: Un/silencing the ‘Demonic Ground' of Caliban's ‘Woman’” (1990). By anticipating Wynter's reading of Caliban and his missing, desired “woman,” Butler inverts the demonic grounds of negated progeny, reproduction, and patriarchal authority. In addition to speculating about the ontology of racialized femaleness, Wild Seed situates embodied maleness as an equal ontological problem. While Caliban is overly embodied, lacking patriarchal masculinity and its reproductive trappings, Wild Seed reintroduces the ontological problem of genderless embodiment through the native's/African's masculinity. Butler explores unthinkable human existence through the question of how gender pairs became a constitutive aspect of the human, rather than by focusing on one half of a gender binary over another. “(In)humanism” is conceptually provisional, intended to illustrate the transitional reason that underlies both formation and disappearance of what counts as humanness. [human, gender, Sylvia Wynter, Octavia Butler, embodiment]
Introduction to the Special Section, “The Ordinariness of Cross‐Time Relations: Anthropology, Literature, and the Science Fictional”
Authors: Brandel Andrew , Khan Naveeda 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYThis introduction orients the reader to the experiments with thinking inter‐disciplinarily in this special section of Anthropology and Humanism. A long history of shared conversation between science fiction and anthropology has both been shadowed by colonialism and offered promising resources for remaking the world. We invited anthropologists, film critics, and literary theorists into conversation without assuming in advance to know what constitutes a genre like science fiction. Instead, we focus on how science fiction emerges in diverse contexts. Science fiction gives us pleasure; it has insurgent qualities which are not yet captured. Our appreciation of it grows from its engagement with the ordinary and the quotidian. It may engage time in ways other than the past‐present‐future, making us realize the impossibilities we have internalized and naturalized in our account of things. Ultimately, the collective realization of the authors in this section is that science fictionality is a fugitive element in the world. We need it for fabulation, to generate new ways of telling stories to forge new impossibilities. [science fiction; anthropology of time; anthropology and literature; the ordinary; fabulation]
Down with Gargamel! The Science Fiction of Recent Insurrections
Authors: Delgado Moya Sergio 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYAs fiction, as a work of the imagination, science fiction brings into consciousness objects, figures, and scenarios that do not yet exist. It builds whole, entire worlds that allow us to take distance from our own, worlds where we can start to conceive everything that seemed impossible only because the limitations of our world did not allow us to imagine them. Therein lies the force of science fiction and fiction in general: in its reverberations, its continued effects on the “real life” of both inner and material realities. My contribution to this special section traces the shape and impact of micropolitical tools of insurrection as imagined in Othoniel Rosa's Down with Gargamel! It does so by exploring the implicit and explicit links between the fictive spaces of the novel and the uprisings that have emerged in Puerto Rico and elsewhere in the Americas in the twenty‐first century. [science fiction; Latin American literature; protest anthropology; activism; micropolitics]
The behaviours identified and the behaviour change techniques planned in health partnerships for antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Hawkins Rachel , Michael Panayiotis , Byrne‐Davis Lucie , Bull Eleanor , Skone‐James Richard , Hart Jo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions promote optimised use of antimicrobials by healthcare professionals. In 2019–2020, the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) supported 12 global health partnerships in low‐ and middle‐income countries to co‐develop education and training interventions to improve AMS practices amongst hospital staff. This study aimed to describe six of the CwPAMS health partnerships' target behaviours and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) within their planned AMS interventions. Content analysis extracted behaviours and BCTs from partnership materials. Techniques used by partnerships with (n = 2) and without (n = 4) an embedded behavioural scientist were compared, to understand their added value. Nineteen AMS related behaviours for hospital staff were targeted; most commonly hand hygiene and antibiotic prescribing behaviours. Twenty‐three BCTs were coded, with instructing participants on how to perform the behaviours the most prominent across all, including partnerships with a behavioural scientist. Intervention materials did not always report the context of the intervention being delivered, including who was delivering it and the target. Behaviours for change were also often not specified. Partnerships varied in reporting their content and specific behaviours, impacting replicability of their interventions, and limiting knowledge exchange. An AMS behaviour change intervention resource is recommended to support clear specification of prospective AMS interventions.
Robotic surgery for simultaneous gastric and rectal cancers
Authors: Ojima Hitoshi , Yamada Kazunosuke , Takada Takahiro , Imaizumi Jun , Suzuki Masaki , Enokida Yasuaki , Mochida Yasushi , Kato Ryuji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe number of patients with multiple primary malignancies is increasing due to the improvements in diagnostic techniques, which increases the necessity of simultaneous resection. Meanwhile, minimally invasive robotic surgery is becoming popular in Japan, and its use in multiple cancer resection will increase. We present our experience with the settings and ports placement when using the da Vinci Xi system for simultaneous resection of rectal and gastric cancer.
Simulated effects of floodplain restoration on plant community types
Authors: Clilverd Hannah M. , Thompson Julian R. , Sayer Carl D. , Heppell Catherine M. , Axmacher Jan C. , Stratford Charlie , Burningham Helene 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsChannelization and artificial embankments have altered the natural flood regime of many rivers, impacting the hydrological characteristics of floodplain ecosystems and their biological communities. This study was undertaken on a floodplain meadow to assess spatial patterns of plant communities in relation to soil physical and chemical conditions, and the impacts of floodplain restoration that involved embankment‐removal.LocationRiver Glaven, Hunworth, Norfolk, UK.MethodsFine‐scale plant and soil chemistry sampling was conducted prior to embankment removal, and hydrological and climatological conditions were monitored prior to and after embankment removal. Hydrological/hydraulic modelling simulated groundwater levels for a 10‐year period to assess changes in soil aeration stresses and plant community composition following embankment‐removal.ResultsHydrology was identified as the primary driver of plant community composition. Soil fertility was also important. Unique continuous measurements of vadose dissolved oxygen concentrations using oxygen optodes indicated strong coupling between water table depth and root zone dissolved oxygen concentrations. Reinstatement of overbank flows did not substantially affect aeration stress across most of the meadow because of pre‐existing wet conditions. However, along the river‐floodplain ecotone, aeration stress increased substantially from conditions normally associated with dry grassland to those characteristic of fen communities (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis restored water table regime may be suitable for more diverse plant assemblages. Benefits of flooding for increased species richness and transport of propagules may, however, be over‐ridden without accompanying water level management during the growing season, or hay removal to balance additional supply of nutrients from river floodwater and sediment. Our results show that hydrological/hydraulic modelling combined with quantitative measures of plant water‐requirements can provide practical and adaptive management tools to estimate the response of floodplain communities to changing water regimes.
Berberine regulates pulmonary inflammatory microenvironment and decreases collagen deposition in response to bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
Authors: Yang Zheng , Bian Mengni , Ma Junbing , Dong Yonghe , Yang Dan , Qiu Min , Gao Zhixiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of berberine on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced fibrosis after lung injury in conjunction with network pharmacology. Berberine and pulmonary fibrosis prediction targets were collected for Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and so forth. A single intranasal dose of BLM (2.5 mg/kg) was administered to establish a model of fibrosis after lung injury, and berberine (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally daily for treatment. Network pharmacology results suggested that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway may be a potential mechanism of berberine in delaying pulmonary fibrosis. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the BLM group, after 14 days of berberine treatment, lung inflammatory cell aggregation was reduced and the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐8 and IL‐6 were down‐regulated in mice (p < 0.05); after 42 days of berberine treatment, the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, platelet‐derived growth factor‐AB (PDGF‐AB), hydroxyproline (HYP) and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were significantly down‐regulated (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of total p38 MAPKα and p38 MAPKα (pT180/Y182) were down‐regulated also (p < 0.05), inhibited collagen production and deposition, and increased the survival rate of mice to 70%. In conclusion, berberine attenuated inflammation mice, inhibited collagen production and showed some anti‐pulmonary fibrosis potential in the MAPK signalling pathway.
The right to a second opinion on Artificial Intelligence diagnosis—Remedying the inadequacy of a risk‐based regulation
Authors: Ploug Thomas , Holm Søren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that patients who are subjects of Artificial Intelligence (AI)‐supported diagnosis and treatment planning should have a right to a second opinion, but also that this right should not necessarily be construed as a right to a physician opinion. The right to a second opinion could potentially be satisfied by another independent AI system. Our considerations on the right to second opinion are embedded in the wider debate on different approaches to the regulation of AI, and we conclude the article by providing a number of reasons for preferring a rights‐based approach over a risk‐based approach.
Conflict or cooperation? Exploring the relationship between cooperative institutions and robotisation
Authors: Van Overbeke Toon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRobotization of production challenges the status‐quo in the economy, some win, while others lose out. Literature has argued that automation causes redistribution, both between capital and labour as within either category. We also know that many economies have chosen to adopt cooperative institutions to negotiate the negative by‐products of such economic changes. What is, however, less clear is how such institutions influence rates of automation themselves. This article contributes to this debate by conducting a panel analysis of sectoral robotization rates and cooperative institutions in 25 OECD countries between 1993 and 2017 using an original institutional indicator. The findings suggest that aside from simply redistributing the costs and benefits of automation throughout the productive sector, cooperative institutions also meaningfully predict higher levels of robot density, showing that more institutionalized economies do not lag behind in terms of automation. What is more, these institutions also seem to co‐determine the rates of robotization occurring during recessions.
Partnerships in place: Facilitating rural local government entrepreneurialism in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Barrett Joshua , Vodden Kelly 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRural local governments across Canada, including those in Newfoundland and Labrador, struggle with many of their day‐to‐day operational activities, including providing appropriate drinking water, wastewater, and garbage collection services, among other essential services, and rarely have capacity to facilitate local economic development activities. In recent times, entrepreneurialism has been noted as having potential for rural local governments, yet little research has been completed to determine its presence and relevance for municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador. In response, we examined eight case study local governments in Newfoundland and Labrador to determine if, and how, entrepreneurialism was present in municipal efforts to increase economic prosperity in their communities. Findings suggest that while rural local governments continue to face challenges due to declining support for rural development from provincial and federal governments and increased downloading of responsibilities, some communities have established ways to remain resilient through partnerships and building on place‐based assets. This exploratory study provides a basis for further in‐depth research to determine the extent and approaches to entrepreneurialism in local government in rural Newfoundland and Labrador.
Frontal asymmetry assessed in infancy using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in early childhood
Authors: Kelsey Caroline M. , Modico Margaret A. , Richards John E. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFrontal asymmetry (FA), the difference in brain activity between the left versus right frontal areas, is thought to reflect approach versus avoidance motivation. This study (2012–2021) used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy to investigate if infant (Mage = 7.63 months; N = 90; n = 48 male; n = 75 White) FA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relates to psychopathology in later childhood (Mage = 62.05 months). Greater right FA to happy faces was associated with increased internalizing (η2 = .09) and externalizing (η2 = .06) problems at age 5 years. Greater right FA to both happy and fearful faces was associated with an increased likelihood of a lifetime anxiety diagnosis (R2 > .13). FA may be an informative and early‐emerging marker for psychopathology.
Group cooperation of village officials in Chinese rural resettlement: A lab in the field
Authors: Cheo Roland , Huang Kainan , Li Jingping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe examine decisions made by village officials in a public goods game and their impact on villagers' attitudes toward a resettlement project in seven rural villages in China. The data comes from two sources: (i) a laboratory experiment with village officials, and (ii) a survey of villagers. Villages whose officials exhibited more cooperative behavior in the laboratory reported higher support levels from the villagers. We find that teams with higher average contribution levels in the PGG game relayed the resettlement news to their villagers earlier than other teams and also possess greater altruistic preferences.
The effect of glucose oxidase enzyme on wool fibres
Authors: Avcı Berrak Buket , Erkan Gökhan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlucose oxidase is a type of enzyme that converts glucose into hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid by enzymatic reaction. Glucose oxidase is widely used in industry; however, in the textile industry, glucose oxidase has only received academic interest. Previously, wool was bleached by some reducing agents; however, currently in industry, hydrogen peroxide dominates the bleaching of wool fibres. In this study, the effect of glucose oxidase enzyme treatment on wool merino fibres and dyeability properties was investigated. Wool fibres were treated with glucose oxidase enzyme, after which the whiteness index (Stensby) and yellowness index (ASTM D 1925 and ASTM E 313) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to identify the morphological structure of wool fibres and their atomic content. The chemical damage caused by enzyme was investigated using a fluorescence and a light microscope, and the alkali solubility (ASTM D 1283) was determined. After enzymatic treatment, the wool fibres were dyed at a 2.0% concentration with reactive dyes. Dyeability (K/S) and CIELab values were assessed with a Minolta CM 3600 D spectrophotometer (D65, 10°). The washing fastness of wool fibres was investigated according to TS EN ISO 105‐C06 (A1S).
Effects of different exercises on respiratory parameters: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gercek Hasan , Unuvar Bayram S. , Yilmaz Kamil , Akkoyun Sert Ozlem , Bagcaci Sinan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to compare the effects of core stabilisation (CS) and auxiliary respiratory muscle strengthening exercises on oxygen consumption and respiratory parameters. A total of 51 participants were divided into three groups with block randomization method according to age and gender: CS Group (n = 17), Auxiliary Respiratory Muscles Exercise (ARM) Group (n = 17) and Control (C) Group (n = 17). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), first second of forced expiration (FEV1)/Forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) values were evaluated before and after the study. CS and ARM strengthening exercises were applied 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The increase in the FEV1/VC values was higher in the CS and ARM groups than in the C group (p < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the ARM and CS groups (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of VO2max values before and after the study (p > 0.05). The increase in the MVV values was higher in the CS and ARM groups than in the C group (p < 0.05), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the ARM and CS groups (p > 0.05). CS and ARM exercises had positive effects on FEV1/FVC and MVV.