bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
داء السكري يكشف التفوق الطبي للحضارة الإسلامية على الحضارات الإنسانية القديمة: دراسة تاريخية لأربعة آلاف سنة
Authors: الربيعان خالد علي 
Published: June 2022

الملخص

إن المعرفة التراكمية للإنسان، من خلال الحضارات القديمة، أوصلت البشرية إلى ما هي عليه اليوم من تفوق علمي. وبما أن الحضارات لها مراحل كالإنسان: بداوة، ثم ازدهار، فتدهور، فإن تفوق بعضها يعكس دورها في التطور الإنساني، والنضوج العلمي. وتقدّم هذه الدراسة التحليلية مقارنةً حول دور الحضارات التي عاشت منذ أربعة آلاف سنة في فهم، وتشخيص، وعلاج داء السكري الذي عُرِفَ بعمقه في التاريخ البشري. واختيرت ست حضارات هي: الفرعونية، والهندية، واليونانية، والرومانية، والصينية، ثم الإسلامية بهذا التتابع، وفق معايير هذه الدراسة، لرصد ما تركته هذه الحضارات من كتابات، أو مؤلفات أو آثار تدل على معرفتها بهذا المرض وطرق تعاملها معه.
وكشفت هذه الدراسة معرفة جميع هذه الحضارات بداء السكري، حيث أطلقت عليه أسماء متعددة ومختلفة، إلا أنها اتفقت جميعًا على وصف أعراض المرض، المتمثلة بالعطش الشديد، وكثرة التبول، وفقدان الوزن. في حين لاحظ بعضها وجود مادة السكر في البول، إما من خلال تجمّع النمل أو الذباب، أو من خلال طعمه الحلو، فكانت طريقة التشخيص التي استخدمها الأطباء حينها. وكان لهذه الحضارات، كالحضارة الإسلامية، تميزٌ في ربط هذا الداء بمضاعفاته ومحاولة تفسير أسبابه. وقد كان هناك تفاوت كبير بين الحضارات في طرق العلاج، وإن اتفق معظمها على الحد من الطعام، وزيادة النشاط البدني. وفي هذا السياق، تفوقت الحضارة الإسلامية تفوقًا واضحًا في عدة مجالات، أولًا تنظيم مهنة الطب، وربطها بالقيم والأخلاق، ونشر المستشفيات لعلاج المرضى؛ وثانيًا إعداد الأطباء والعلماء الذين درسوا هذا المرض ووضعوا له طرق التشخيص والعلاج؛ ثالثًا إعداد المؤلفات التي وصفت المرض وقنّنت علاجه.
وإضافة إلى ما سبق، تُبرز دراسة تاريخ داء السكري في الحضارات القديمة تفوقَ الحضارة الإسلامية على الحضارات الأخرى في تعاملها مع الإنسان، وما يحتاجه للمحافظة على الصحة، ودور المجتمع المتمثل بالعلماء والأفراد في تقديم النموذج المتميز في خدمة البشرية، والرقي العلمي المنضبط بالقيم والأخلاق التي تحكم مهنة الطب.
Studi Potensi Ekonomi Di Sepuluh Desa Se-Kecamatan Kutai Pantai (Samboja, Muara Jawa & Anggana)
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Sabran Sabran 
Published: June 2022

Abstrak :
Upaya untuk mengembangkan potensi ekonomi pada dasarnya diperlukan ketersediaan data dan informasi lapangan yang memadai. Data dan informasi yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dan dari analisis yang cermat, selanjutnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menyusun strategi peningkatan ekonomi.
Namun potensi yang dikandung oleh kawasan ini nampaknya belum terekam dalam bentuk data yang memadai. Data yang tersedia selama ini pada umumnya tidak disusun secara sistematis dan teratur. Demikian pula data-data dari BPS tidak menjangkau sampai ke Desa maupun Kelurahan secara lengkap.
Kemiskinan Dan Reorientasi Pemikiran Ekonomi
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar 
Published: June 2022

There were hundreds of programs nowadays that were carried out for weak and poor groups. Respectively the Department of the government had various programs for these weak and poor groups. However, according to Prof. Mubyarto’s statement that was very rare today not the matter of the fund but the matter of the interest in the poor group. The standard measurement of the interest definitely not in the volume and the number of voices like in the General Election campaign, but his actualization. In this case, the social interest not only came from the government but also from all over the social stratum.

Key Word : Kemiskinan, Reorientasi
Employee Opinion: Studi Deskriptif tentang Keterikatan, Kepuasan dan Komitmen Kerja Pegawai BPJS Kesehatan
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Prasetyo Rizky Fajar , Afrizayanti  , Abdullah Andi Afdal 
Published: June 2022

Transformasi manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) mendorong setiap organisasi atau perusahaan untuk memposisikan pegawai sebagai sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki sebagai salah satu faktor kunci pendorong keberhasilan. Saat ini pegawai tidak lagi dinilai sebagai sumber daya (resource) yang akan habis pada waktu tertentu, namun dinilai sebagai aset (capital) yang akan bertambah nilainya seiring bertambahnya waktu. BPJS Kesehatan sebagai organisasi yang menempatkan fungsi manajemen SDM sebagai salah satu aspek strategis melakukan berbagai upaya meningkatkan produktivitas pegawai. Tidak hanya melalui perbaikan kebijakan, sistem, proses kerja dan perlengkapan kerja yang digunakan, namun juga peningkatan fokus pada pengelolaan SDM yang lebih optimal. Pegawai sebagai individu yang bekerja di BPJS Kesehatan tidak hanya dianggap sebagai pekerja yang harus selalu berhasil mencapai target (business orientation) namun juga dipandang sebagai individu yang memiliki aspek-aspek personal yang harus diperhatikan dan dikelola dengan baik (people orientation). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian Employee Opinion Survey (EOS) dengan tujuan memperoleh opini pegawai untuk mendapatkan informasi potensi perbaikan dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas kerja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks keterikatan kerja (employee engagement index) sebesar 91,80%, indeks kepuasan kerja (employee satisfaction index) sebesar 92,35% dan indeks komitmen kerja (employee commitment index) sebesar 94,30%.
Kata kunci: Opini pegawai, keterikatan kerja, kepuasan kerja, komitmen kerja
Longitudinal analysis of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis full-sibling progenies based on multivariate analysis
Authors: Ishibashi Vanessa , Flores-Junior Paulo C. , Martinez Diego T. , Coelho Alexandre S. G. , Higa Antonio R. 
Published: June 2022

Aim of study: To define an early selection strategy based on tests applied to full-sibling progenies of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis grown in the Cerrado Biome. Area of study: Prata region (MG), Brazil. Material and methods: Progeny tests were cultivated in 2006; the study followed a completely randomized design, with 79 families of full-siblings and 15 repetitions, with one plant per plot. Thinning was carried out at the age of 6 and 8 years; 615 individuals and 44 families were included in the test. The following quantitative variables were used in the statistical analysis of data on the remaining individuals: diameter at breast height (DBH) in cm, total height (H) in m, and volume in dm³ at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 years. BLUP multi-trait multivariate model, with non-structured covariance structure matrix, was adopted for calculations. Main results: There were strong additive genetic correlations (above 90%) between variables DBH and H, in all analyzed ages. Strong volume correlations were estimated based on the age group over four years; volume selection efficiency reached its peak at the age of five years. Selection based on volume at the age of 5 years leads to genetic gains in this variable; selection intensity values can range from 7.8% to 6.4% and 5.4%, and from 10% to 20% and 30%. Research highlights: The best strategy lies on carrying out the selections at the age of five years, based on 30% selection intensity.
Factors Related To Anxiety Level Of Public Health Employees During COVID-19
Authors: Hubaybah Hubaybah , Siregar Sri Astuti , Putri Fitria Eka , Fitri Adelina , Rahayu Freety Septika 
Published: June 2022

Background: Coronavirus is a virus from Wuhan. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused physical and mental health problems, and this situation is also experienced by all health workers, such as doctors, nurses, midwives, and other health professionals. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the level of anxiety of Puskesmas employees during Covid-19. Methods: The design of this study used a cross-sectional. This research was conducted at the Kemantan Public Health Center, Kerinci Regency. The population of all Kemantan Health Center employees, the number of samples as many as 62 Puskesmas employees. The independent variables of this study were age, gender, education level, economic status, and social support. The dependent variable of this study is the level of anxiety—data analysis using Chi-Square. Results: The results showed that the proportion of the Public Health Center employees who are anxious is higher on inadequate social support (70%) than good social support (34.4%). The bivariate analysis found that poor social support had a risk of 0.634 times for experiencing anxiety, and it was proven that the significant p-value was <0.05 (PR 2.036: 95% CI 1.195-3.470). There is no relationship between age and anxiety levels, and there is no relationship between gender and anxiety levels, there is no relationship between education level and anxiety levels, there is a relationship between economic status and anxiety levels, and there is a relationship between social support and anxiety levels. Conclusion: It was concluded that the variables that had a relationship with the anxiety factors of Public Health Center employees during Covid-19 were economic status and social support. Furthermore, there is no relationship between gender and education level with the anxiety level of the Public Health Center employees at the Kerinci Regency Kerinci Health Center
A Reverse Supply Chain Model to Reduce Waste of Solar Panel in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Thieu Tri Quang , Le Anh Khoi Hoang , Pham Minh Tam , Phuc Phan Nguyen Ky , Tran Viet Hung 
Published: June 2022

The reverse supply chain (RSC) recently attracted many Vietnamese authorities, enterprises and academia owing to the rise of concern on the environment and regulations of waste process. Along with rapid development, Vietnamese manufacturing network has become tightly strained when the end-of-life (EOL) items are not taken back by their manufacturers but end up being processed disorderly in different local businesses. A distressing example is the waste of imported solar panels in Vietnam. Since the number of solar panels has grown steadily in Vietnam recently, we speculate that the network flows of EOL solar panel of Vietnam will be very large and complex in a few years. In order to help Vietnamese government establish efficiently RSC, our paper will apply the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and demonstrate an optimized solution for the RSC of EOL solar panel in Ho Chi Minh City. Indeed, via our collected data from current financial market of Ho Chi Minh city, our MILP shows that the optimal cost-reduction is 11219 USD, even with limited constraints of only two landfills and very few collection facilities in Ho Chi Minh city at the moment. This result of our proposed RSC demonstrates that a significant profit is definitely possible when the number of collection facilities in Ho Chi Minh city increase in the future. Also, our MILP approach is flexible for decision-makers to achieve a satisfactory solution.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
L’exception deviendra-t-elle la règle ? Analyse juridique du phénomène de pente glissante
Authors: Hill Louis 
Published: June 2022

Face à l’état d’urgence sanitaire, nombreux ont été les juristes à mettre en garde contre la pérennisation des dispositions édictées dans l’urgence. Marqués par la loi n° 2017-1510 du 30 octobre 2017 qui a fait entrer des dispositions de l’état d’urgence terroriste dans le droit commun, ils ont thématisé un argument de la pente glissante depuis la discipline juridique. En vertu de celui-ci, l’édiction de dispositions législatives et réglementaires dans une situation d’urgence tendrait à rendre normal et permanent ce qui devrait être temporaire et exceptionnel. Dans cette contribution, il s’agira de consolider cet argument en mettant en exergue l’existence d’un phénomène juridique de pente glissante. Pour ce faire, nous agirons comme si les mesures d’urgence étaient des précédents judiciaires. Cela nous permettra de mobiliser les théories de l’évolution de la jurisprudence et d’étudier la lente généralisation, dans le droit positif, des règles juridiques établies dans des circonstances exceptionnelles. L’intérêt de la démonstration est non seulement de défendre l’argument de la pente glissante, exposé par certains juristes contemporains, mais aussi d’envisager des moyens de faire face avec sobriété aux situations d’urgence, comme la crise sanitaire rencontrée aujourd’hui ou le désastre environnemental à venir.
Réflexions autour de la distinction entre nécessité et proportionnalité
Authors: Rousseau Pierre 
Published: June 2022

Les notions de nécessité et de proportionnalité irriguent la matière répressive. À l’aune de ces exigences, le juge peut contrôler la conformité de la norme pénale aux principes qui lui sont supérieurs, ou encore se prononcer sur la justification d’une infraction. Il est cependant difficile de précisément cerner ce que recouvrent les exigences de nécessité et de proportionnalité. La proportionnalité est parfois considérée dans la doctrine comme une condition de la nécessité. Cette intrication des notions ressort également d’une partie de la jurisprudence française ou européenne. Or, si l’on applique les définitions de la nécessité et de la proportionnalité issues de la doctrine allemande, les contours de chacune de ces exigences se dessinent clairement, de même que leur autonomie. Cette autonomie ne peut que s’accompagner d’une séparation de l’action de l’agent en deux phases : l’action dans son principe, d’une part, et la manière de mettre en œuvre cette action, d’autre part. L’exigence de proportionnalité concerne la seconde, tandis que l’exigence de nécessité n’a vocation à s’appliquer qu’à la première.
La RSE au cœur de la concurrence normative : pour une approche intégrée de ses sources
Authors: Berthillon Florent 
Published: June 2022

L’article part du constat d’une concurrence normative entre la loi et les codes de gouvernance autour de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE). Au-delà de l’aspect éminemment politique de la question, il s’agit d’y voir l’occasion de mesurer les avantages et les inconvénients respectifs de la loi Pacte ou du Code Afep-Medef en tant que vecteur de concrétisation de la RSE. À l’examen, aucune de ces sources ne semble pleinement adaptée à ses spécificités. Plus encore, la concurrence normative autour de la RSE lui nuit plus qu’elle ne la sert, car elle contribue à brouiller la frontière de l’obligatoire et du volontaire, alors même que c’est le bénéfice réputationnel d’une démarche spontanée et non contrainte qui fait tout l’attrait de la RSE pour les entreprises. Ainsi, l’inopportunité de laisser proliférer des sources contradictoires nous conduit à préconiser des types de normes organisant l’articulation de l’obligatoire et du volontaire. En prenant l’exemple d’autres disciplines dans lesquelles, tout comme pour la RSE, le destinataire de la norme est le seul à pouvoir déterminer les modalités de respect de cette dernière, c’est la compliance (« conformité ») qui, en définitive, nous semble la plus adaptée pour réaliser l’intégration de la RSE en droit positif.
Le renouveau de la promesse du vote électronique. Étude du vote par chaîne de blocs au regard du système électoral français
Authors: Surin Serge 
Published: June 2022

Si la technologie de la chaîne de blocs (ou blockchain) est, pour le moment, loin d’être d’une maturité telle qu’on puisse, en toute confiance, l’utiliser pour le vote électronique à distance, elle mérite d’être explorée compte tenu de ses potentialités. Cette nouvelle modalité de vote, déjà expérimentée en 2018, apparemment avec succès, en Virginie-Occidentale (États-Unis), est particulièrement intéressante à étudier dans le contexte de la crise de la Covid-19 qui a bouleversé plusieurs processus électoraux en France (élections municipales et régionales reportées), sachant que des experts médicaux annoncent la survenance de plus en plus fréquente de ce type de crises. La principale particularité du vote par chaîne de blocs est qu’il n’est pas possible sans l’usage d’Internet qui permet à la technologie qui l’accompagne de fonctionner, ce qui soulève certaines questions liées notamment au principe de souveraineté des États. En effet, au moment où les États, à l’affût d’informations sur leurs partenaires en vue notamment d’affirmer leur puissance, s’espionnent à travers des outils informatiques (affaire Pegasus par exemple), il semble que cette technique de vote, si elle est envisagée, conduira certainement à d’abord régler le problème de la gestion du Web mondialisé par l’ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ou Société pour l’attribution des noms de domaine et des numéros sur Internet), qui est un organisme, certes « privé », mais dont le siège social se trouve aux États-Unis. Cette contribution tend à étudier de manière critique cette nouvelle modalité de vote politique à partir de l’expérience virginienne.
From the Editor's Desk
Authors: Muniak Charles 
Published: June 2022

The Academy Award-nominated movie Don’t Look Up is about a group of astronomers who discover a comet on a collision course with Earth. The scientists determine the impending event will destroy all life on the planet and report this finding to the proper authorities, including the President. Yet most of the authorities and the media remain indifferent to this information.
I have discussed this film with people who work in system safety and risk management, and have found that some are reminded of events that have actually happened. Of course, these actual experiences did not involve events quite as serious as a comet collision with Earth, but they were serious potential events with clear mechanisms of occurrence. The variability of reactions of people to potentially high-risk events is an interesting area of research that I hope International System Safety Society (ISSS) members will pursue in the future.
Hinge Total Domination on Some Graph Families
Authors: Consistente Leocint F. , Jr. Isagani S. Cabahug, 
Published: June 2022

set S of vertices in a graph G = (V (G);E(G)) is a hinge dominating set if every vertex \(u\) \(\in\) V \(\setminus \) \(S\) is adjacent to some vertex \(u\) \(\in\) \(S\) and a vertex \(w\) \(\in\) V \(\setminus\) \(S\) such that (\(v\), \(w\)) is not an edge in E(G). The hinge domination number \(\gamma\)\(h\)(\(G\)) is the minimum size of a hinged dominating set. A set S is called a total dominating set of G if for every vertex in V , including those in S is adjacent to at least one vertex in S. The cardinality of a minimum total dominating set in G is called the total domination number of G and denoted as \(\gamma\)\(h\)(\(G\)) In this study, a new parameter called hinged total dominating set was introduced and defined as, a hinge total dominating set of a graph G is a set S of vertices of G such that S is both a hinge dominating set and total dominating set. The hinge total domination number, \(\gamma\)\(h\)(\(G\)) is the minimum cardinality of a hinge total dominating set of G. We initiate a study of hinge total dominating set and present its characterization. In addition, we also determine the exact values of hinge total domination number on some graph families.
Regulating Function of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Sugar Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Zhao Bao-zhen , Wu Zhong-fen , Peng Wan-tong , Zheng Cheng-xiang , Cui Na 
Published: June 2022

Aims: SA (Salicylic acid) is a key regulator for sugar metabolic pathway, but the regulating function on sugar metabolism in tomato seedlings is imperfect. In this study, tomato seedlings were sprayed with SA, and then soluble sugar contents, enzyme related to sugar metabolism levels, gene expressions were determined.
Study Design: In order to analyze the mechanism of SA in sugar metabolic pathway, tomato seedlings were sprayed with SA, and then soluble sugar contents, enzyme related to sugar metabolism levels, gene expressions were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Biological Science and Technology, between December 2021 and May 2022.
Methodology: The expressions of genes related to sugar metabolism in tomato were measured by qRT-PCR. The contents of soluble sugar in tomato seedings were measured with HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography).
Results: The sugar metabolism in tomato seedlings was affected by SA treatment for 6 h. The contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose were improved in tomato seedlings by SA treatment. Between 6 to 24 h, enzymatic activities of SlAI, SlNI and SlSS were higher than those in controls, while there was little change in enzyme activity of SISPS.
Conclusion: The contents of soluble sugar, enzyme activities related to sugar metabolism had changed considerably by SA treatment. Especially from 6 h to 24 h after SA treatment, the contents of fructose and glucose were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the changes of sugar contents were mainly related to the increases of enzyme activities of AI, NI and SS, suggesting that SA treatment mainly affected the activities of SlAI, SlNI and SlSS to promote the accumulations of soluble sugars.
Molecular Cybernetics: Challenges toward Cellular Chemical Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Murata Satoshi , Toyota Taro , Nomura Shin‐ichiro M. , Nakakuki Takashi , Kuzuya Akinori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch on so‐called “chemical artificial intelligence” (CAI) is an emerging field with the aim of constructing information‐processing systems with learning capabilities based on chemical methodologies. This can be regarded as an attempt to reconstruct Cybernetics using molecular based systems. Many chemical reaction systems with computational abilities are proposed, but most are fixed functions that deliver molecular output for a given molecular input. On the other hand, chemical AI is a system with learning capability; namely, the output should be variable and gradually change upon repeated molecular inputs. In this paper, a compartmentalization approach for implementing cellular chemical AI using liposomes is discussed. The existing studies in terms of the methods used for assembling systems consisting of many liposomes with different functions, methods for achieving recursiveness and plasticity in chemical reaction systems, and methods for reconfiguring the network topology by liposome deformation are reviewed. Issues that must be addressed in order to realize chemical AI are also identified.
Paving Pathways Toward Long‐Life Graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Full Cells: Electrochemical and Interphasial Points of View
Authors: Cui Zehao , Zou Feng , Celio Hugo , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe high‐voltage spinel cathode LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) with no cobalt and low nickel content is promising for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high energy and power densities, good thermal stability, and low cost. However, its high operating voltage (≈4.7 V) results in a decomposition of the electrolyte, severe chemical crossover, and deterioration of electrode‐electrolyte interphases (EEIs), hindering its practical viability. It is demonstrated here that by electrochemically pre‐cycling the graphite in an electrolyte containing 30 wt.% fluoroethylene carbonate, a robust LiF‐rich artificial solid electrolyte interphase can be constructed for surface protection; on the other hand, an electrochemical pre‐lithiation of Fe‐doped LNMO serves as a lithium source for graphite at a full‐cell voltage of 2.6 V. As a result, the full cells with the as‐modified electrodes deliver a high capacity of 129 mA h g−1 with an excellent capacity retention of 93% after 200 cycles, vastly outperforming the full cells with fresh electrodes (120 mA h g−1 initial capacity with 78% retention). Finally, pathways toward long‐life graphite||LNMO full cells are pictured based on the inspirations from the electrochemical modifications and in‐depth analyses of the EEIs in this study.