bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TMT labeled comparative proteomic analysis reveals spleen active immune responses during Clostridium perfringens type C infected piglet diarrhea
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Huang Xiaoyu , Yang Qiaoli , Yan Zunqiang , Wang Pengfei , Gao Xiaoli , Luo Ruirui , Gun Shuangbao 
Published: April 2022

Background
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C is the principal pathogenic clostridia of swine, frequently causing hemorrhagic diarrhea, even necrotic enteritis in piglets, leading to severe economic loss for swine industr ies worldwide. However, there are no specific and effective prevention measures. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanisms of hosts against pathogenesis infection is very important to reduce the incidence of C. perfringens type C infected piglet diarrhea disease.

Methods
We performed an TMT labeling-based quantitative spleen proteomic analysis of the control group (SC), tolerance group (SR) and susceptible group (SS) to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and screened potential molecular markers of piglet spleen tissues in response to C. perfringens type C infection.

Results
In this study, a total of 115, 176 and 83 DEPs were identified in SR vs SC, SS vs SC, and SR vs SC, respectively, which may play the important regulatory roles in the process of piglet spleens in response toC. perfringens type C-infected diarrhea diseases. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEPs were mostly significantly enriched in acute inflammatory response, defense response, antimicrobial response, transporter activity, cellular metabolic process and so on, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the significantly enriched immune related pathways of the PPAR signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, which hints at the immune defense process of piglet spleen against C. perfringens infection. This study helps to elucidate the protein expressional pattern of piglet spleen against C. perfringens type C-infected diarrhea disease, which can contribute to the prevention and control for pig diarrhea disease and the further development of diarrhea resistant pig breeding.
Molecular Characterization and Activity Analysis of Promoters from Two Cucumber Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein Genes (CsTCTPs)
Authors: Yu Yongbo , Meng Xiangnan , Jia Shumin , Qu Mengqi , Ma Zhangtong , Fan Haiyan 
Published: April 2022

Aims: The aim of the paper was to isolate and characterize the promoters of two cucumber TCTP genes (CsTCTP1 and CsTCTP2) and evaluate their active domains.
Study Design: CsTCTP1 and CsTCTP2 promoter activity were analyzed under treatments with different exogenous hormones.
Place and Duration of Study: In 2017, these experiments were conducted in College of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Shenyang Agricultural University (Lab 240).
Methodology: CsTCTPpro::GUS constructs were generated by using double digests method. Transient expression was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101. Histochemical and Fluorometric GUS Assays were follow by the biochemical method.
Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed some hormone- and defense-related response elements. Histochemical and fluorometric GUS assays demonstrated that the 0.7-kb CsTCTP1 promoter (proT1-0.7kb) and 0.7-kb and 1.3-kb CsTCTP2 promoters (proT2-0.7kb and proT2-1.3kb) had strong transcriptional activity. In addition, we used exogenous hormones (abscisic acid [ABA], salicylic acid [SA], and ethylene [ETH]) for treatment. The results showed that proT1-0.7kb and proT2-1.3kb activity were upregulated in the ABA treatment group, suggesting that these promoter sequences may contain ABA-related response elements. However, in the SA and ETH treatment groups, the activity of all the promoter fragments of CsTCTP1 and CsTCTP2 declined to different degrees, suggesting that SA and ETH may have negative regulatory effects on CsTCTP1 and CsTCTP2 promoters.
Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the proT1-0.7kb promoter of CsTCTP1 and proT2-1.3kb promoter of CsTCTP2 may contain ABA-related response elements, and SA and ETH may have negative regulatory effects on the CsTCTP1 and CsTCTP2 promoters. This study will help to further understand the expression patterns and the regulatory mechanism of gene transcriptional regulation.
Antibacterial Activity of Composite Mixture of Senna siamea Leaves and Tamarind Pulp Extracts on Multidrug Resistant Salmonella typhi
Authors: Kabeer Z. M. , Iliyasu M. Y. , Abdulrazak M. H. , Musa H. S. , Yakubu M. N. , Salisu A. , Idris A. H. , Umar A. F. 
Published: April 2022

Background: For many years, antimicrobial chemotherapeutic approach have been challenged by drugs resistant bacteria such as Salmonella associated with gastrointestinal infections. To overcome these effects, several attempts by herbalists and traditional healers were in progress, using some plants parts to treat Typhoid fever in Nigeria.
Aim: The aim of this work was to determine the antibacterial activity of Senna siamea leaves and Tamarindus indica fruit pulp against multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi.
Methods: A total of 168 samples of stool and blood from patients with suspected cases of typhoid fever were collected and only three (3) Salmonella typhi isolates were recovered (from the 168 samples) by conventional microbiological techniques. The isolates were screened for multidrug resistant properties according to Kirby -Bauer disc diffusion method. Water and ethanol were used to extract phytochemical components from powdered leaves of Senna siamea and Tamarindus indica fruit pulp via percolation method. The extracts were tested for the antibacterial activity against the clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi.
Results: All the isolates (100%) were resistant to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, while two (66.7%) to Erythromycin and Tetracycline and sensitive (100%) to Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid Ciprofloxacin, Cotrimoxazole, Augmentin and Chloramphenicol, The phytochemical screening o of both plants extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates and cardiac glycosides. The result shows that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of combined Tamarind and Senna siamea were more active (2.50µg/ml) against Salmonella typhi when compared to individual extracts.
Conclusion: This study shows that aqueous and ethanol extracts of both plants exhibited activity on S. Typhi, hence, possess antimicrobial potentials that it can be used in treatment of typhoid.
Maternal Mid-Trimester Placental Growth Factor and Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry in Evolution of Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Nour Sara Abdelrahman , Hagras Ahmed Mahmoud , ELserogy Hesham Ahmed , Freikha Ahmed Hussein Abou 
Published: April 2022

Background: Early detection of pre-eclampsia (PE) has become one of the fundamental goals of perinatal medicine. Although clinical symptoms of PE emerge after the 20th week of gestation, trophoblast invasion that is responsible for pathogenesis occurs in the first trimester. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of the Placental Growth Factor and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in the evolution of preeclampsia.
Methods: This was a cohort prospective study that was carried out on sixty pregnant women who were classified into 3 equal groups of pregnant women who had gestational age ranging from 20 to 26 weeks: the first group included pregnant women with normal pregnancy, the second group included pregnant women with mild preeclampsia, and the third group included cases with severe preeclampsia.
Results: The mean of gestational age at delivery was significantly lower in patients who had severe preeclampsia than those with mild preeclampsia and controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the mean gestational age at delivery of patients with mild preeclampsia and controls. As for serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), the concentration increased significantly in cases with severe preeclampsia compared to that of mild preeclampsia and controls. However, there were non-significance differences between controls and cases with mild preeclampsia. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed that perfusion index (PI) had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than other indices in predicting the outcome of the pregnancy and uterine artery pulsatility index had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than both placental growth factor (PlGF) and uterine artery resistance index in predicting the severity of preeclampsia.
Conclusions: Uterine artery Doppler screening is simple and non-invasive and there is a clear association of elevated mean uterine artery PI, respiratory index (RI), and also serum PlGF in the second trimester, with the occurrence of PE. Uterine artery pulsatility index (UAPI) was significantly associated with a high incidence of PE. The sensitivity or prediction is increased by adding serum marker PlGF and combinations provide an increase in the ability of prediction and determination compared to the tests used alone.
Compliance with WHO Recommended Preventive Measures against COVID-19 among a Nigerian Population Attending a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Omotunde Soroye, Modupeoluwa , Omotunde Onigbinde, Olubunmi , Angelina Aikins, Elfleda 
Published: April 2022

Background: The fright and devastation that accompanied COVID-19 pandemic these past two years cannot be totally quantified. More so, the cycle of fear, panic, uncertainty and attempts at curtailment repeats itself every time the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutates and produces a new variant. The World Health Organization recommended personal protective measures are very important in slowing down the spread of infection. This study assessed the compliance of a Nigerian population with protective measures recommended by WHO in curbing the spread of COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey among patients attending medical outpatient in a Teaching Hospital. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data on participants demographics and compliance with WHO recommended preventive measures towards prevention of COVID-19 infection. Data analysis was carried out with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25(IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). The results were presented as frequency tables and cross-tabulations. Chi-square test was carried out with consideration for statistical significance at P<0.05.
Results: One hundred and ninety-six consecutive participants who gave consent were recruited for the study. There was a male predominance. Participants’ age ranged between 18 and 84 years with mean age of 34.92±14.10 years. Median age was 30 years. Half of participants had university education and about one tenth are professionals. About two-fifth earned less than 100 dollars monthly. Though about three-fifth of participants have heard of WHO recommended hand washing techniques for COVID-19 prevention, only two-fifth practice it. One third of participants regularly use face mask in the public and 85.2% do not practice physical distancing. Less than 10 % do not use soap and water or sanitizer to clean their hands. . The participants’ attitudinal change to handwashing as a preventive measure for COVID-19 prevention was good. Participants’ most practiced personal preventive measures against COVID-19 were regular washing of hands and boosting immunity with vitamins. The association between participants’ demographics and WHO recommendation for hand washing in the prevention of COVID-19 showed a significant based on sex (p= 0.04). Females paid attention to washing of hands than males. The association between participants’ demographics and use of face masks in the prevention of COVID-19 showed that education was significant in determining use (P=0.04)
Conclusion: Awareness of personal preventive measures to COVID-19 washing of hands was increased among participants but there is the need to emphasize the wearing of face masks and physical distancing.
Effect of Polymorphisms in Drug Transporters on Cisplatin Efficacy and Nephrotoxicity in Paediatric Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ramadan Samaa , Nabil Ahmed , Ghonim Hadeer , Salama Asmaa , Nadi Enas EL , Labib Rania M. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. Chemotherapeutic resistance to cisplatin represents such a significant barrier in the successful treatment of Osteosarcoma. The degree of nephrotoxicity and drug resistance (poor tumor necrosis) is associated with cisplatin accumulation in cells which is governed by Copper transporter protein 1 (CTR1) and Organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2). This study aims to determine the allelic frequency of CTR1 and OCT2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in osteosarcoma patients. In addition, detect the relation between SNPs in transporters and cisplatin efficacy or nephrotoxicity.
Methods: A group of 120 pediatric osteosarcoma patients was recruited and genotyped for CTR1, rs7851395, and OCT2 rs316019. We detected the allelic frequency of the two gene polymorphisms. We defined good responders versus poor responders depending on tumor necrosis parameters and looked at nephrotoxicity and serum electrolytes according to CTCAEv4 using the Chi-square test (c2) and Kruskal-Wallis value, the odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated too.
Results: We found that the C allele in (rs316019) OCT2 polymorphism was the dominant allele, and patients with (C/C genotype) were the dominant genotype (72%). and the "A" allele is the dominant allele in (rs7851395) CTR1 and patients with (A/A genotype) were (39.5%).
Conclusion: the study had found that the "C" allele is the dominant allele in (rs316019) OCT2 and the "A" allele is the dominant allele in (rs7851395) CTR1, the study didn't find any significant relation between CTR1, OCT2 polymorphisms and cisplatin response or nephrotoxicity and farther multi center studies need to be done.
Antiepileptic Activity of Indian Filbert Fruit Extract in Experimental Animal Models
Authors: Fernandes Jennifer , Anusha S. , Vijay Bhaskar K. 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To screen the antiepileptic activity of ethanolic fruit extract of Indian filbert.
Methodology: The cleaned, dried and powdered fruits of Indian filbert were subjected to extraction.Preliminary Phytochemical studies were carried out for the presence secondary metabolites.Acute toxicity and anticonvulsant effect on maximal electroshock induced seizures and metrazol (pentylenetetrazole) induced seizures carried out in experimental animals.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies showed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates. Acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of fruits were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight Ethanolic extract of Indian (100,200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES) as well as protected animals from metrazol induced tonic seizures and the results were found to be significant (P=0.05) when compared to control
Conclusions: The presence of triterpenoids, steroids and flavonoid might be responsible for the antiepileptic activity of the fruit extract of Indian filbert.
Bacterial Growth Abilities in Carbofuran and Paraquat
Authors: Ataikiru T. L. , Odesiri-Eruteyan E. A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The norm of pesticides use is very crucial in protecting the agriculturalists’ venture in seeds, fertilizer and labour as they provide a sure protection from damage by pests. The use of pesticides is thus, unavoidable and the associated environmental contamination owing to these toxicants and their deposits will remain a concern.
Aim: The research aimed at isolating Carbofuran and Paraquat degrading bacterial species and assessing their growth capacities at different concentrations of these pesticides.
Study Design: Microcosms were set-up in test tubes in replicates (320 test tubes) and sacrificial sampling technique was adopted during growth test.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State/Three months.
Methodology: Standard method was used to isolate Carbofuran and Paraquat degrading bacteria. Isolates were screened for their abilities to use Carbofuran and Paraquat as the only carbon source. Bacterial isolates were identified and subjected to the growth test at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% of Carbofuran (w/v) and Paraquat (v/v), respectively. Growth abilities were scored by turbidity and colour variations.
Results: The growth abilities at different pesticide’s concentrations were significantly different at P=.05.
Conclusion: This research revealed that the bacterial isolates were able to grow at various concentrations using these chemicals but best at 0.5% with higher growth rates in microcosms containing Paraquat. If these test microorganisms can grow in the presence of these toxicants, there is the likelihood that they maybe be able to reduce both Carbofuran and Paraquat hazards of contaminated areas. Thus, these bacteria can be used for the clean-up of these pesticides pollution in farms to ameliorate the problems of pesticide pollution in environment.
Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy of a Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Causing an Ileocolic Intussusception: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Gang-Hua , Pu Ta-Wei , Lin Yu-Chun , Chang Chih-Yu , Chen Yu-Jen , Kang Jung-Cheng , Hsiao Cheng-Wen , Chen Chao-Yang , Hu Je-Ming 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionIntussusception, although common in the pediatric population, rarely occurs in adults. Furthermore, patients often show nonspecific symptoms. Most adult patients with intussusception have a surgical lead point, a well-defined pathological abnormality, often accurately diagnosed after surgery. A low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN), often misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis, is rarely associated with the development of intussusception. Here we report a case of LAMN-related ileocolic intussusception that was histologically diagnosed after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.Case presentationA 58-year-old woman visited our emergency department because of intermittent episodes of epigastric pain with periumbilical tenderness. These symptoms persisted intermittently for 2 weeks. The pain was moderate in severity, colicky in nature, and sometimes shifted to the lower abdominal region. Abdominal computed tomography indicated intussusception with ileocecal and mesenteric telescoping into the transverse colon. Complete colonoscopy with reduction of intussusception was performed, revealing a ball-like mass protruding and occupying the entire cecum lumen. Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was then performed. Macroscopically, a dilated appendix was revealed with mucin content, along with hyalinization and fibrosis of the appendiceal wall. Microscopically, a tumor exhibiting villous and flat proliferation of mucinous epithelial cells with low-grade nuclear atypia was seen. However, there was no infiltration growth of the tumor cells, thereby demonstrating LAMN. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day without surgical complications.ConclusionThe differential diagnoses of chronic and colicky abdominal pain should be expanded to include intussusceptions as they can be severe, although cases in adults are rare.
Different effects of two exotic herbivores on the pollinator‐mediated effect of an exotic plant on a native plant
Authors: Sakata Yuzu , Ueyama Shiho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExotic plants can affect native plants indirectly through various biotic interactions. However, combinations of the multiple indirect effects of exotic plants on native plants have been rarely evaluated. Herbivory can either positively or negatively influence plant–pollinator interactions. Here, we addressed whether the pollinator‐mediated plant interaction between exotic and native plants is altered through the introduction of exotic herbivores by conducting a 2‐year common garden experiment. We compared the effects of pollinator‐mediated indirect effects of an exotic plant, Solidago altissima, on the co‐flowering native plant Aster microcephalus in geographically different populations reflecting differences in insect herbivore communities. We found a positive effect of co‐flowering S. altissima on pollinator visitation of A. microcephalus, which varied between gardens and years. The co‐flowering S. altissima did not significantly affect the seed set of A. microcephalus in the first year but had a negative effect in the second year. The facilitative effect of S. altissima on A. microcephalus pollination was suggested to be negatively affected by an exotic aphid, while it was not significantly affected by an exotic lace bug. Our study suggests that the phenology and feeding guilds of the herbivores may be critical for predicting the effect of exotic plants on native plants through herbivore–pollinator interactions. Integrated effects between plant interactions via multiple species interactions under different abiotic and biotic environments are necessary to understand the impact of exotic plants under complex interactions in nature.
Bioinspired Polysaccharide‐Derived Zwitterionic Brush‐like Copolymer as an Injectable Biolubricant for Arthritis Treatment
Authors: Yue Qinyu , Lei Lele , Gu Ya , Chen Ruijin , Zhang Mingming , Yu Haikuan , Li Shang , Yang Luming , Zhang Yixin , Zhao Xiaoduo , Wei Qiangbing , Ma Shuanhong , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu , Zhou Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient and biocompatible biolubricants for arthritis treatment is extraordinarily demanded. Herein, inspired by the efficient lubrication of synovial joints, a paradigm that combines natural polysaccharide (chitosan) with zwitterionic poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphorylcholine] (PMPC), to design a series of brush‐like Chitosan‐g‐PMPC copolymers with highly efficient biological lubrication and good biocompatibility is presented. The Chitosan‐g‐PMPC copolymers are prepared via facile one‐step graft polymerization in aqueous medium without using any toxic catalysts and organic solvents. The as‐prepared Chitosan‐g‐PMPC copolymers exhibit very low coefficient of friction (μ < 0.01) on Ti6Al4V alloy substrate in both pure water and biological fluids. The superior lubrication is attributed primarily to the hydrated feature of PMPC side chains, interface adsorption of copolymer as well as to the hydrodynamic effect. In vivo experiments confirm that Chitosan‐g‐PMPC can alleviate the swelling symptom of arthritis and protect the bone and cartilage from destruction. Due to their facile preparation, distinctive lubrication properties, and good biocompatibility, Chitosan‐g‐PMPC copolymers represent a new type of biomimetic lubricants derived from natural biopolymer for promising arthritis treatment and artificial joint lubrication.