bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria: purification strategies and applications in food and medical industries: a review
Authors: Yap Pei Gee , Lai Zee Wei , Tan Joo Shun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Bacteriocins are generally defined as ribosomally synthesized peptides, which are produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that affect the growth of related or unrelated microorganisms. Conventionally, the extracted bacteriocins are purified by precipitation, where ammonium sulphate is added to precipitate out the protein from the solution.

Main text
To achieve the high purity of bacteriocins, a combination with chromatography is used where the hydrophobicity and cationic properties of bacteriocins are employed. The complexity column inside the chromatography can afford to resolve the loss of bacteriocins during the ammonium sulphate precipitation. Recently, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) has been widely used in bacteriocins purification due to the several advantages of its operational simplicity, mild process conditions and versatility. It reduces the operation steps and processing time yet provides high recovery products which provide alternative ways to conventional methods in downstream processing. Bacteriocins are widely approached in the food and medical industry. In food application, nisin, which is produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. has been introduced as food preservative due to its natural, toxicology safe and effective against the gram-positive bacteria. Besides, bacteriocins provide a board range in medical industries where they are used as antibiotics and probiotics.

Short conclusion
In summary, this review focuses on the downstream separation of bacteriocins from various sources using both conventional and recent ATPS techniques. Finally, recommendations for future interesting areas of research that need to be pursued are highlighted.
Investigation of rectangular apertures and their application on speckle imaging
Authors: Hamed A. M. , Al-Saeed T. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
An aperture in the form of four squares arranged symmetrically along the cartesian coordinates with equal distances from the center investigated. Three models are suggested in the computation of the Point Spread Function PSF using the FFT technique. In the 1st model, circular annulus is placed in the center, while in the 2nd model a square annulus is shown, and in the 3rd model, two symmetric squares in the models 1, 2 are replaced by two symmetric rectangles while the center remains of square annulus. In all the models, central obstruction is made seeking to improve the PSF.

Results
An analytical formula for the PSF for the aperture described in the 1st model is obtained. In addition, the autocorrelation corresponding to these apertures are computed and compared with the known autocorrelation corresponding to the whole square aperture. An application on speckle imaging is given using these apertures combined with the diffuser. All images for the design of the apertures and the speckle images are made using the MATLAB code.

Conclusions
The resolution computed from the FWHM showed an improvement for the suggested square apertures as compared with the uniform square aperture where the total width is kept constant. In addition, the strength of the legs in the PSF for the suggested apertures is much higher than that corresponding the uniform aperture which makes it useful for imaging of extended objects.
Gradient sensing in Bayesian chemotaxis
Authors: Auconi Andrea , Novak Maja , Friedrich Benjamin M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bayesian chemotaxis is an information-based target search problem inspired by biological chemotaxis. It is defined by a decision strategy coupled to the dynamic estimation of target position from detections of signaling molecules. We extend the case of a point-like agent previously introduced (Vergassola et al., Nature (2007)), which establishes concentration sensing as the dominant contribution to information processing, to the case of a circle-shaped agent of small finite size. We identify gradient sensing and a Laplacian correction to concentration sensing as the two leading-order expansion terms in the expected entropy variation. Numerically, we find that the impact of gradient sensing is most relevant because it provides direct directional information to break symmetry in likelihood distributions, which are generally circle shaped by concentration sensing.
Topological pz-wave nodal-line superconductivity with flat surface bands in the AHxCr3As3 (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs) superconductors
Authors: Hao Juan-Juan , Zhang Ming , Wu Xian-Xin , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study the pairing symmetry and the topological properties of the hydrogen-doped ACr3As3 superconductors. Based on our first-principle band structure with spin-orbit coupling (SOC), we construct a tight-binding model including the on-site SOC terms, equipped with the multi-orbital Hubbard interactions. Then using the random-phase-approximation (RPA) approach, we calculate the pairing phase diagram of this model. Our RPA results yield the triplet p

z
-wave pairing in the

spin channel to be the leading pairing symmetry all over the experiment relevant hydrogen-doping regimes. This pairing state belongs to the spin-U(1)-symmetry–protected time-reversal–invariant topological nodal-line superconductivity. Determined by the momentum-dependent topological invariant Z(k

x
, k

y
), the whole (001) surface Brillouin zone is covered with topological flat bands with different regimes covered with different numbers of flat surface bands, which can be detected by the scanning tunneling microscope experiments.
Clinical Application of Saphenous Nerve Transfer for Sensory Reconstruction of the Sole After Sciatic Nerve Injury: A Case Series
Authors: Emamhadi Mohammadreza , Haghani Dogahe Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Sole sensation is essential for standing and walking. Moreover, lack of protective sensation of sole increases the risk of fall-related injuries. In the light of recent developments in nerve transfer, reconstruction of sole sensation can be achieved even in sciatic nerve injuries. Few researchers have addressed the problem of lack of potential donor nerve in proximal sciatic nerve injuries. The saphenous nerve has sufficient sensory fibers and is anatomically feasible to be used as a donor nerve to reconstruct sensation.

OBJECTIVE:
To outline a new approach to restore the sensation of the sole using terminal branches of the saphenous nerve.

METHODS:
In an attempt to restore sole sensation, 4 patients underwent saphenous nerve transfer to medial plantar and calcaneal branches. Highet–Zachary system scoring was used to evaluate sensory recovery in target regions (heel, metatarsal heads, and big toe).

RESULTS:
Of the study population, heel sensation recovered up to S3 in 1 case, S2 in 2 cases, and S1 in 1 case. Partial recovery of the metatarsal heads and the big toe was achieved in 2 cases.

CONCLUSION:
The findings of this study indicate that the saphenous nerve is a suitable and available donor to restore sole sensation in sciatic or posterior tibial nerve injuries.
Modern Appraisal of Patency and Complications in Cerebral Bypass Surgery: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Farooq Jeffrey , Heller Robert S. , Noureldine Mohammad Hassan A. , Wang Zhen-Jie , Wei Grace , Mhaskar Rahul , Ren Zeguang , van Loveren Harry , Lau Tsz , Agazzi Siviero 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Cerebral bypass is a valuable surgical technique in well-selected patient populations. Updated clinical guidelines and improved surgical techniques warrant a contemporary reevaluation of the complications and patency to inform clinical practice and enhance postoperative patient care.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the complication rates and postoperative graft patency for the 3 most common indications for bypass surgery: moyamoya disease, intracranial atherosclerosis, and intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS:
Perioperative notes of 175 consecutive bypass patients at a single institution were retrospectively identified to evaluate the clinical course and complications of surgery.

RESULTS:
The rate of total postoperative complications between moyamoya disease (9 of 98, 9.2%), intracranial atherosclerotic disease (7 of 57, 12.3%), and intracranial aneurysm (4 of 20, 20%) was not statistically different (P = .33). Immediate postoperative bypass patency was significantly higher in moyamoya disease (90 of 96, 93.8%) and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (48 of 51, 94.1%) than in intracranial aneurysm (13 of 18, 72.2%; P = .02). Intravenous heparin administration during bypass suturing was negatively associated with immediate postoperative patency (87% heparin patency vs 99% no heparin patency; P = .02). Double-barrel bypass trended toward an increased risk of wound healing complications (2 of 13, 15.4%) compared with the single-barrel bypass technique (4 of 156, 2.6%; P = .07).

CONCLUSION:
Cerebral bypass surgery remains an excellent surgical treatment for moyamoya disease, intracranial atherosclerosis, and intracranial aneurysms. This study suggests bypass is safer in moyamoya disease and intracranial atherosclerosis. Additional studies to clarify the risk of single-barrel vs double-barrel bypass and intraoperative heparin-stratified complications may be beneficial.
Cadaver-Free Neurosurgical Simulation Using a 3-Dimensional Printer and Augmented Reality
Authors: Lee Min Ho , Lee Tae-Kyu 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Training to become a neurosurgeon takes time and effort, with the training requirements continuing to increase. As such, more efficient educational tools are needed.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing and augmented reality (AR) systems within neurosurgical training programs.

METHODS:
The skull and its structures were segmented using normal computed tomography and MRI and printed with a 3D printer. Basic procedures (burr-hole trephination and other craniotomies) and advanced procedures of skull base approaches (anterior clinoidectomy, anterior petrosectomy, and mastoidectomy) were practiced with the printed model. Skull base approaches were practiced in an AR system. After the training program, a questionnaire was administered to the trainees about the effectiveness of the program.

RESULTS:
The basic procedure program was conducted four times with 22 trainees. Twenty trainees indicated that the present simulation program was important to their education (average of 4.9/5.0). When asked whether the model was similar to a human skull, the average score was 4.5 of 5 points. The advanced procedure program was conducted five times with 10 trainees. All 10 answered that the simulation program was a useful tool for training on skull base approaches (average of 5/5). All respondents answered that they would be able to perform the skull base approaches in patients after completing the training program (an average of 4.7/5).

CONCLUSION:
The simulation-based training program using 3D-printed anatomy with an AR system was demonstrated to be an important adjunct to training neurosurgery. It provides trainees a realistic environment to improve skills and performance during clinical practice.
A combined bioinformatics and LC-MS-based approach for the development and benchmarking of a comprehensive database of Lymnaea CNS proteins
Authors: Wooller Sarah , Anagnostopoulou Aikaterini , Kuropka Benno , Crossley Michael , Benjamin Paul R. , Pearl Frances , Kemenes Ildikó , Kemenes György , Eravci Murat 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Applications of key technologies in biomedical research, such as qRT-PCR or LC-MS-based proteomics, are generating large biological (-omics) datasets which are useful for the identification and quantification of biomarkers in any research area of interest. Genome, transcriptome and proteome databases are already available for a number of model organisms including vertebrates and invertebrates. However, there is insufficient information available for protein sequences of certain invertebrates, such as the great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a model organism that has been used highly successfully in elucidating evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of memory function and dysfunction. Here, we used a bioinformatics approach to designing and benchmarking a comprehensive central nervous system (CNS) proteomics database (LymCNS-PDB) for the identification of proteins from the CNS of Lymnaea by LC-MS-based proteomics. LymCNS-PDB was created by using the Trinity TransDecoder bioinformatics tool to translate amino acid sequences from mRNA transcript assemblies obtained from a published Lymnaea transcriptomics database. The blast-style MMSeq2 software was used to match all translated sequences to UniProtKB sequences for molluscan proteins, including those from Lymnaea and other molluscs. LymCNS-PDB contains 9628 identified matched proteins that were benchmarked by performing LC-MS-based proteomics analysis with proteins isolated from the Lymnaea CNS. MS/MS analysis using the LymCNS-PDB database led to the identification of 3810 proteins. Only 982 proteins were identified by using a non-specific molluscan database. LymCNS-PDB provides a valuable tool that will enable us to perform quantitative proteomics analysis of protein interactomes involved in several CNS functions in Lymnaea, including learning and memory and age-related memory decline.
Studies on the Properties of Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Copolymerized by a Small Amount of Thiophene Derivative Bearing a Cyclic Siloxane Moiety at the Side Chain
Authors: Kubota Chihiro , Kashimoto Masaki , Yamashita Ryutaro , Okano Kentaro , Horie Masaki , Funahashi Masahiro , Matsumoto Takuya , Nishino Takashi , Mori Atsunori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Thiophene–thiophene copolymers composed of 3-alkylthiophene and a small amount of thiophene bearing cyclic siloxane are synthesized by random copolymerizatin of 2-chloro-3-dodecylthiophene and 2-chlorothiophene bearing cyclic tetrasiloxane as a substituent. Deprotonative metalation of chlorothiophenes with a bulky magnesium amide followed by the addition of nickel catalyst undergoes polymerization to afford statistical copolymer based on the feed ratio. The copolymer bearing a small amount of (1–10%) cyclic siloxane is subjected to the formation of thin film. The treatment of the obtained thin film with an acid vapor results in the formation of film insoluble in any solvent through the formal networking of poly(3-dodecylthiophene) by the effect of a small amount of cyclic siloxane moiety. The measurement of electric properties reveals improved conductivities to 106 fold higher than before the acid treatment.
Stage 2 Registered Report: How responsibility attributions to self and others relate to outcome ownership in group decisions
Authors: Jaquiery Matt , El Zein Marwa 
Published: April 2022

Background: Responsibility judgements have important consequences in human society. Previous research focused on how someone's responsibility determines the outcome they deserve, for example, whether they are rewarded or punished. Here, in a pre-registered study (Stage 1 Registered Report: https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16480.2), we investigate the opposite link: How outcome ownership influences responsibility attributions in a social context. Methods: In an online study, participants in a group of three perform a majority vote decision-making task between gambles that can lead to a reward or no reward. Only one group member receives the outcome and participants evaluate their and the other players' responsibility for the obtained outcome. Results: We found that outcome ownership increases responsibility attributions even when the control over an outcome is similar. Moreover, ownership had an effect on the valence bias: participants’ higher responsibility attributions for positive vs negative outcomes was stronger for players who received the outcome. Finally, this effect was more pronounced when people rated their own responsibility as compared to when they were rating another’s player responsibility. Conclusions: The findings of this study reveal how credit attributions can be biased toward particular individuals who receive outcomes as a result of collective work, both when people judge their own and someone else’s responsibility.
Mismarking in Mutual Funds
Authors: Atanasov Vladimir , Merrick John J. , Schuster Philipp 
Published: April 2022

We study mismarking of newly purchased odd lot and two classes of round lot structured product positions in mutual funds. Such mismarking artificially inflates net asset values and overstates cumulative returns. Applied to funds launched after January 2010, a simulation-tested mismarking fund filter identifies 12 Highly Questionable funds managing $75 billion. The performance of these funds matches closely the predicted pattern of mismarking: extremely high alpha and skewness, particularly immediately after launch. We show that structured product mismarking can seriously inflate return-since-inception metrics. We also provide evidence consistent with return smoothing for one quarter of the sample structured product funds. The inflated performance metrics benefit fund managers through significantly higher Sharpe ratios, Morningstar ratings, and asset growth but cause material losses to later investor cohorts. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: P. Schuster gratefully acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant SCHU 3049/1-1]. Supplemental Material: Data and the online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4366 .
Female Directors and Firm Value: New Evidence from Directors’ Deaths
Authors: Schmid Thomas , Urban Daniel 
Published: April 2022

This paper examines how female directors (FDs) affect firm value in the absence of mandatory gender quotas. Using a newly collected data set on director deaths around the globe, we find that stock prices decrease approximately 2% more when an FD passes away, compared with a male director. What explains this negative capital market reaction? We find evidence that finding successors for deceased FDs is challenging for firms: Succession delays are longer, and although firms try to replace FDs with women, two-thirds of their successors are male. Furthermore, their successors tend to be younger, less experienced, and more often externally hired. Stock prices decline less if more potential female successors exist in a country, the firm is larger, or FDs other than the deceased woman were on the board. Because observable characteristics such as age, tenure, education, and network centrality cannot explain the negative stock market reaction, unobserved differences across genders that lead to a lower fit of male successors to the existing board are the most likely explanation for the firm value loss after the death of an FD. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance. Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4412 .
Complication rates associated with traction removal of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes
Authors: Melling Georgina , Farley Joshua 
Published: April 2022

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes are removed and/or replaced for reasons such as tube malfunction, degradation, patient's device preference, and when stopping enteral feeding. Aims: To identify the types and rate of complications associated with traction removal of a PEG tube and if this is associated with the size of the PEG or length of time it had been in situ prior to removal. Methods: This retrospective study looked at the tube removal/replacement reports written by the Enteral Feeding Nursing Service over an 8-year period at a large teaching hospital trust in the north of England. Findings: The PEG tube removal reports of 127 patients were reviewed. Five types of complication were identified, categorised as retained bumper (5.5%); intraperitoneal placement of new device (3.17%); misplacement of replacement device into colon (a consequence of the insertion procedure not the removal of the PEG) (0.78%): gastrocutaneous fistula (0.78%); and inability to remove the tube (1.57%). The complication of retained bumpers was associated with an average length of time in situ prior to removal of the PEG tube of 29 months. In the cases of intraperitoneal placement, the PEG tube had been in situ for an average of 6 months. Nurses were unable to remove the PEG tube on two occasions; each had been in situ for approximately 4 years prior to attempted removal. Conclusion: the complication rates are low following removal of a PEG tube using a traction pull. There was no clear correlation between length of time in situ or tube size and complication rate.
Adipose tissue as a source of growth factors to promote wound healing: a human study of skin graft donor sites
Authors: López Jenny F , Mikkola Antti , Sarkanen Jertta-Riina , Kaartinen Ilkka S , Kuokkanen Hannu O , Ylikomi Timo 
Published: April 2022

Objective: In the microenvironment of wound sites, naturally occurring growth factors are crucial for cell migration, opsonisation, chemotaxis, differentiation and angiogenesis. Exogenous growth factors, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose tissue, also improve healing. Method: In the present within-subject study, we described the effects of PRP and adipose tissue extract (ATE) on skin graft donor site wound healing in patients requiring split-thickness skin grafts. Each patient, having at least two donor sites, received both control (no growth factor) and experimental (PRP or ATE) treatments. Wounds were evaluated on days 5, 7, 10, 15, 30 and 60. Digital photography and spectral images were used to analyse haemoglobin and melanin content, and re-epithelialisation area. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale. Scar characteristics were scored on days 30 and 60. Biomaterial samples were analysed for growth factor and protein content. Results: The study included 24 patients (18 male and six female; mean age: 59.1 years). PRP was topically applied to wounds in 11 patients (13 donor sites) and ATE in 13 patients (15 sites). ATE-treated donor sites exhibited significantly accelerated wound re-epithelialisation on days 5 and 7 compared with control sites (p=0.003 and 0.04, respectively). PRP accelerated healing on day 7 compared with control sites (p=0.001). Additionally, the application of ATE improved scar quality on days 30 and 60 (p=0.0005 and 0.02, respectively). Pain scores did not differ significantly between treatments. Conclusion: In this study, both growth factor sources stimulated wound healing. ATE is an alternative source of growth factors that promote early wound healing and improve scar quality.