bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset Myocardial and Vascular Toxicity in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors: The Predictive Value of the Right Heart
Authors: Muggeo Paola , Scicchitano Pietro , Muggeo Vito M.R. , Novielli Chiara , Giordano Paola , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Faienza Maria Felicia , Santoro Nicola 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose.
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors who underwent chemotherapy with anthracyclines have an increased cardiovascular risk. Few are data about right ventricle function (RV) in these patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate left and right cardiac chambers and vascular endothelial function in ALL survivors.
Methods.
We enrolled 54 ALL survivors and 37 healthy controls. All patients underwent auxological evaluation, blood pressure, biochemical parameters of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, mean common carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), antero-posterior diameter of the infra-renal abdominal aorta (APAO), and echocardiographic assessment.
Results.
ALL subjects had significantly lower FMD (p = 0.0041), higher left (p = 0.0057) and right (p = 0.0021) TEI index as compared to controls. Tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) was 16.9 ± 1.2 mm vs 24.5 ± 3.7 mm, p < 0.0001. Cumulative anthracycline doses were related to TAPSE (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis revealed that left and right TEI index, TAPSE, FMD showed significant association to ALL condition. TAPSE > 18 mm was the best discriminant rule to spot ALL patients (AUC: 0.966, p < 0.0001, sensibility: 100%, specificity: 89.2%).
Conclusion.
ALL survivors treated with anthracyclines demonstrated systo/diastolic alterations of the RV and reduced endothelial function compared with healthy controls. Although multimodality diagnostic is available, echocardiography plays pivotal role in everyday clinical practice. The early recognition of subclinical cardiac and vascular impairment is of utmost importance for the cardio-oncologist to implement strategies preventing overt cardiovascular disease.
Effect of Rabbit urine on Larval Behaviour, Egg Hatchability, Pupal Emergence and Oviposition Preference of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda J.E. Smith)
Authors: Kemunto Diana , Mfuti David , Omuse Evanson R. , Tamiru Amanuel , Hailu Girma , Rwiza Ignath , Belayneh Yeneneh T. , Subramanian Sevgan , Niassy Saliou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major cereal pest threatening food security in Africa. African smallholder farmers apply various indigenous pest management practices including the application of rabbit urine; however, there is no scientific evidence on its efficacy and mode of action. We evaluated the effect of rabbit urine on FAW 1st (neonates), 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. Larvae were exposed to rabbit urine treated and untreated maize leaves (control). Larval settlement, larval survival, pupal emergence, adult oviposition preference and egg hatchability were evaluated. More FAW larvae (55.5–73.0%) oriented on the untreated leaves compared to those (25.5–41.5%) that oriented on the rabbit urine-treated leaves. Rabbit urine caused 66, 69 and 72% reduction of damage caused by neonates, 2nd instars and 3rd instars, respectively, after 24 hours of exposure. Rabbit urine significantly reduced survival of FAW and had lethal time (LT50) of 5.0, 7.0 and 8.7 days and lethal dose (LD50) of 49, 94, and 55% for neonates, 2nd instars and 3rd instars, respectively. Additionally, egg hatchability and pupal emergence were reduced by 55.0% and 13.3%, respectively. When provided a choice, FAW female moth laid more eggs on rabbit urine treated plants (647 ± 153 eggs) than untreated plants (72 ± 64 eggs). This study confirms farmers’ assertions that the application of rabbit urine can manage FAW and, therefore, can be integrated into the FAW IPM package in Africa. Additional studies on the chemistry of rabbit urine, behavioural response and cost implication might be required for scaling up.
Pani Modified Ag NPs Fluorescence Sensor for Detection of Nitrate Ion
Authors: Ali Abdu Hussen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nitrate is one of the major environmental problems in today ’s world, which affect human health and welfare, and hinders the sustainable development of both society and the economy. Therefore, the growth of sensor based on decorated noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as Ag have been attracted great attention for their convenience of simple operation, excellent absorption and scattering (extinction) properties in recent years. A new and simple fluorometric sensing probe based on polyaniline functionalized AgNPs for NO3- ion detection was developed by polymerization method. It has been successfully synthesized by in- situ polymerization method. The structural and optical properties of the as- synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by using, Fourier- Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the absence of nitrate ion, the PANI/Ag exhibit high fluorescence intensity. Yet, the strong coordination of the basic sites with nitrate ion, causes fluorescence intensities quenching through static quenching leading to the qualitative and quantitative detection of nitrate ion. Factor affecting the detection system such as pH and concentration are optimized. Also, the developed PANI modified Ag sensor exhibits high selectivity and sensitive toward nitrate ion with detection limit of 8.9 x 10-4 M. The practical use of the sensor as well tested by spiked with different concentration of nitrate ion solutions on cabbage samples. The result signposted a good linear relation between FO/F and the spiked concentrations of nitrate ion with coefficient of regression R2 = 0.991 (n= 3) and also confirms that the found values is agreed well with the spiked amount.
Role of electrocardiogram findings in predicting 48-h mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lee Ji Ho , Lee Dong Hun , Lee Byung Kook , Cho Yong Soo , Kim Dong Ki , Jung Yong Hun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: Electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns can change, especially in patients with central nervous system disorders such as spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the association between the prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ECG findings is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and to analyze ECG findings to predict early mortality in patients with TBI.Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with severe trauma and TBI who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) between January 2018 and December 2020. TBI was defined as an abbreviated injury scale score of the head of ≥ 3. We examined ECG findings, including PR prolongation (≥ 200 ms), QRS complex widening (≥ 120 ms), corrected QT interval prolongation (QTP, ≥ 480 ms), ST-segment elevation, and ST-segment depression (STD) at ED arrival. The primary outcome was 48-h mortality.Results: Of the total patients with TBI, 1024 patients were included in this study and 48-h mortality occurred in 89 patients (8.7%). In multivariate analysis, QTP (odds ratio [OR], 2.017; confidence interval [CI], 1.203–3.382) and STD (OR, 8.428; 95% CI, 5.019–14.152) were independently associated with 48-h mortality in patients with TBI. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the revised trauma score (RTS), injury severity score (ISS), QTP, STD, and the combination of QTP and STD were 0.790 (95% CI, 0.764–0.815), 0.632 (95% CI, 0.602–0.662), 0.605 (95% CI, 0.574–0.635), 0.723 (95% CI, 0.695–0.750), and 0.786 (95% CI, 0.759–0.811), respectively. The AUC of the combination of QTP and STD significantly differed from that of ISS, QTP, and STD, but not RTS.Conclusion: Based on the ECG findings, QTP and STD were associated with 48-h mortality in patients with TBI.
Evaluation of Predictors of the Effectiveness of Bronchoscopic Biopsies with Navigation by Endobronchial Ultrasound Mini Probes in Peripheral Lung Masses of Various Etiologies
Authors: Shabalina I. Yu. , Chesalina Ya. O. , Larionova E. E. , Berezovskiy Yu. S. , Lovacheva O. V. , Ergeshov А. E. 
Published: March 2022

The objective of the study: to evaluate and compare the predictors of effectiveness of navigation bronchobiopsy – radial endobronchial ultrasound with mini probes (rEBUS) in patients with peripheral pulmonary tumors of tuberculosis and oncological origin.Subjects and Methods. The effectiveness of rEBUS-guided bronchoscopic biopsies and predictors of this effectiveness were retrospectively analyzed in 152 patients (71 men and 81 women) with pulmonary tumors visualized by chest computed tomography (CT) as peripheral lung masses. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the verified diagnoses: TB Group included 83 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis without bacterial excretion at the time of bronchological examination; NEO Group included 69 patients with pulmonary neoplasms.In all patients of both groups, a bronchological examination was performed for diagnostic purposes and included several types of biopsies (a set of biopsies): at least one of the liquid biopsies (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or bronchial lavage) and one tissue biopsy (transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) or brush biopsy). Specimens of all types of bronchobiopsy were sent for microbiological and cytological tests, and the TBLB samples were additionally sent for histological examination.Results. The efficiency of diagnosing bronchobiopsy with rEBUS navigation in TB and NEO Groups was comparable – 81.9% (68/83) and 81.2% (56/69) (pχ2 > 0.05), respectively. The factors (predictors) that statistically significantly influenced on effectiveness of bronchobiopsy in both groups were the following: signs of draining bronchus on chest CT, visualization of the mass in general during rEBUS, central position of the ultrasound probe in the mass during navigation, localization of the mass in the upper lobe of the right lung versus the lower lobe (summarized in two groups).Additionally for TB Group, the predictor was the size of the mass exceeding 20 mm.The effectiveness of cytological and histological verification in NEO Group with brush biopsy and TBLB samples significantly surpassed the effectiveness in TB Group, but the microbiological diagnosis of M. tuberculosis in BAL/bronchial lavage specimens increased the effectiveness in TB Group and made it comparable to NEO Group.
Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents. Two Waves of the Pandemic: Experiences and Conclusions
Authors: Ovsyankina E. S. , Panova L. V. , Gubkina M. F. , Ergeshov A. E. , Petrakova I. Yu. , Krushinskaya E. A. 
Published: March 2022

The objective of the study: to investigate diagnostics, course and outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adolescents with tuberculosis in relation to the epidemic control activities.Subjects and Methods: during the pandemic of coronavirus infection (the first and second waves), 83 patients aged 2 to 17 years (41 children and 42 adolescents) were followed up. 62 (74.7%) children got infected with the novel coronavirus infection among 82 patients treated at the clinic over this time.Results. COVID-19 has been found to be highly contagious in the group of children staying in the ward, employees working with children and adolescents were the source of infection. Compliance with sanitary and infection control activities allows reducing the likelihood of the viral infection spread in the group of children and adolescents. The respiratory syndrome is not a major sign for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children and adolescents with respiratory tuberculosis. For the diagnosis of COVID-19, targeted immunological and microbiological tests are important. Most patients with clinical manifestations of the coronavirus infection (79.4% of cases) were diagnosed with a mild course of the disease. Co-infection (tuberculosis and COVID-19) caused no mutual aggravation. No adjustment of chemotherapy was required, and the duration of treatment didn’t increase including short-course chemotherapy regimens with multiple/extensive drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in patients after surgery.
Current advances in biological therapy of psoriasis: efficacy of guselkumab in real clinical practice
Authors: Zhukova O. V. , Artemyeva S. I. 
Published: March 2022

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory skin disease, which is currently regarded as a systemic process given its association with multiple comorbid conditions. In psoriasis, there is a complex interaction between T cells and keratinocytes. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is not fully understood, but the IL-23/Th17 pathway is known to play the key role in the developmentof the disease. With the advent of genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD), the treatment of psoriasis has undergone significant changes due to their high efficacy through targeted effects. Guselkumab is the first drug for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis to target the p19 subunit of interleukin (IL) 23. The efficacy of guselkumab has been demonstrated in a number of clinical trials. To date, only a few case studies from actual clinical practice have been published in the literature reflecting the use of guselkumab in severe psoriasis, including long-term drug survival and continued efficacy in patients with comorbidities. The article reviews the results of key efficacy studies of guselkumab and presents its own clinical case studies of successful use of the drug. It is noted that guselkumab is able to replicate the results obtained in studies in real clinical prachttps tice. However, the cases presented are also of interest in view of their concomitant metabolic syndrome, obesity, which often makes it difficult to respond to therapy. This group of patients is usually characterised by a particularly torpid course of psoriasis and a certain refractoriness to the ongoing treatment. Thus, guselkumab has an effective and safe profile, in addition it is convenient to use, and the improvement in the quality of life of patients during therapy makes it promising as a first-line GEBD therapy in the treatment of psoriasis.
The efficacy of activated zinc pyrithione in the treatment of IgE-independent atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Zhukova O. V. , Kasikhina E. I. , Ostretsova M. N. , Tereshchenko G. P. , Nemer A. M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Colonization of the skin with S. aureus and S. epidermidis in children with atopic dermatitis leads to the initiation of inflammation and worsening of the disease. The control of overcolonization with S. aureus is an important issue in pediatric dermatological practice. At the same time, to achieve a controlled level of colonization, it is preferable to prescribe non-steroidal external agents. Activated zinc pyrithione has a wide range of complementary pharmacodynamic effects, including anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptogenic, antimicrobial, and antifungal. The article presents the results of the use of zinc pyrithione in mild IgE-independent atopic dermatitis in children. The results of the main clinical studies confirming the effect of zinc pyrithione on the microbiome in AD and the severity of the disease were analyzed.Aim. To evaluate the therapeutic and microbiological efficacy of activated zinc pyrithione as monotherapy in patients with IgEindependent atopic dermatitis.Materials and methods. 30 patients aged 2 to 8 years with mild atopic dermatitis in the acute stage were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 received activated zinc pyrithione, group 2 received a combined topical steroid.Results. Both groups showed a significant reduction in S. aureus skin colonization. In both groups, in comparison with the initial state, a significant decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations of AD was obtained. The therapeutic efficacy of zinc pyrithione was 93.3%, clinical remission was observed in 73.3% of cases.Conclusion. The totality of currently available data on the clinical efficacy and safety of activated zinc pyrithione allows us to recommend it as one of the effective agents for external therapy of mild IgE-independent atopic dermatitis. The use of activated zinc pyrithione showed a rapid, pronounced positive result of treatment, a decrease in the risk of secondary infection in observed children with IgE-independent atopic dermatitis.
Container-based sanitation in urban Haiti: how can it improve human rights as a component of citywide inclusive sanitation?
Authors: VanRiper Froggi , Russel Kory C. , Tillias Daniel , Tilt Jenna , Laporte Jessica 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Health, sanitation, and livelihoods are interrelated human rights and essential components of community wellbeing. Despite the United Nations recognizing the human right to sanitation, one-third of the world's population lack access to improved sanitation. Furthermore, in many low- and middle-income countries, urban latrines are excavated manually without physical or regulatory protections. Container-based sanitation (CBS) has promise as a component of Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) in densely populated, low-resource environments. Before investing in CBS, however, governments and funders require evidence of user acceptance, public demand, and labor aspects of service delivery. To provide this evidence base, we completed 633 interviews with active and former users of EkoLakay, a CBS service in Cap Haïtien, Haiti, creating a profile of the user base and their motivations for subscribing. We also compiled and analyzed secondary data to determine the impacts of widespread CBS expansion in northern Haiti. Results reveal that CBS presently serves a geographical subset of Haiti's most resource-insecure residents, and that CBS significantly reduces handling of untreated excreta in Haiti's Nord Department, while doubling livelihood opportunities through safe and dignified jobs. Given its cost-effectiveness, this provides an opportunity to achieve widespread sanitation coverage by integrating and cross-subsidizing CBS within a CWIS strategy.
Temporal variations characteristic of precipitation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area from 1961 to 2016
Authors: Sheng Li , Liu Dianying , Wang Baihui , Yu Shunhui , Zuo Youwei , Gu Fengtai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a hot issue, the precipitation characteristics of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area drew widespread interest from domestic and overseas academic circles. Based on China's surface-based meteorological monthly precipitation data from 1961 to 2016 in the TGR area, the spatial, inter-annual and inter-decadal, and multi-time-scale changes of precipitation in the TGR area are analyzed by using Collaborative Kriging (Co-Kriging, CK) Interpolation, linear regression analysis, Morlet wavelet analysis and 5-year sliding average processing, which provide the reference basis for further discussion on the impact of climate change, flood control and drought relief work in the reservoir area. Research shows that in the past 56 years, the average annual precipitation in most areas of the TGR ranges from 1,000 to 1,200 mm; the variation of precipitation in the TGR area shows a weak decreasing trend, with great fluctuation between year and generation, and the precipitation in each decade has a ‘less-more-less’ changing trend; the annual precipitation in the TGR area has periodic changes on multi-time scales, mainly including 25, 16 and 8 years. The smaller the scale the shorter the average period of precipitation change.
Low Melting Mixtures: Neoteric Solvents and/or Catalysts for a Green
Approach to Organic Reactions
Authors: Sreekumar Krishnapillai , Theresa Letcy V. , Machingal Shaibuna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
In the past two decades, low melting mixtures have become attractive because of their interesting
characteristics such as physicochemical properties, low cost of components, easiness of
preparation, low toxicity, biorenewability and biodegradability. Carbohydrates the most important
and widespread renewable compounds on earth, are introduced in low melting mixtures to get more
cost-effective and renewable solvents. The present review mainly focuses on the properties and applications
of low melting mixtures, which completely satisfy the green chemistry principles. Many physicochemical
properties of low melting mixtures have been studied recently. The various studies included
thermal stability, glass transition temperature, density, viscosity, acidity, surface tension, refractive
index, FT-IR spectra, conductivity, etc. The application towards organic synthesis makes the
low melting mixtures very important. Low melting mixtures and their use as a solvent in organic synthesis
and their dual role as catalyst and solvent are discussed.
Extended XOR Algorithm with Biotechnology Constraints for Data
Security in DNA Storage
Authors: Bi Kun , Lu Zuhong , Ge Qinyu , Gu Wanjun 
Published: March 2022

Background:
DNA storage is becoming a global research hotspot in recent years, and today,
most research focuses on storage density and big data. The security of DNA storage needs to be observed.
Some DNA-based security methods were introduced for traditional information security problems.
However, few encryption algorithms considered the limitation of biotechnology and applied it for
DNA storage. The difference between DNA cryptography and the traditional one is that the former is
based on the limitation of biotechnology, which is unrelated to numeracy.

Objective:
An extended XOR algorithm (EXA) was introduced for encryption with constraints of biotechnology,
which can solve the problems of synthesis and sequencing partly, such as GC content and
homopolymer in DNA storage.

Methods:
The target file was converted by a quaternary DNA storage model to maximize the storage
efficiency. The key file could be ‘anything’ converted into a DNA sequence by a binary DNA storage
model to make the best utilization for the length of the key file.

Results:
The input files were encrypted into DNA storage and decrypted to error-free output files.

Conclusion:
This means error-free encryption DNA storage is feasible, and EXA paves the way for encryption
in large-scale DNA storage.