bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Irrigation Level on Yield of Pinto Dry Beans and Tenderness After Cooking
Authors: Bordovsky D. G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Yield of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., ‘Pinto U.I. 111’) was linearly related to estimated water use and ranged from 230 to 2530 kg·ha-1. Estimated water use by plants receiving 100% evapotranspiration averaged 400 mm. Irrigation amounts ranged from none to 229 mm. The force required to crush cooked beans was similar for all treatments, and all cooked beans were judged to be acceptable.
Activity of Cell-wall-bound Invertase During Storage Root Initiation in the Sweet Potato
Authors: Acock M. C. , Garner J. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differences in storage root initiation among sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) plants of the same cultivar were generated by treating them with different amounts of a slow-release fertilizer (19N-3P-10K). Activity of cell-wall-bound invertase (cwb invertase) was monitored during storage root initiation to determine whether differences in its activity could be associated with differences in storage root formation. Cwb invertase activity was increased in roots of plants receiving the lower amount of fertilizer and producing the greater number of storage roots. NAA enhanced cwb invertase activity in excised storage roots.
Gibberellin-like Compounds from Two Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and the GA3 Response on Scotch Pine Seedlings
Authors: Hanley Kathleen M. , Greene Duane W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch and Thelephora terestris (Ehrh) Fr. form symbiotic relationships with pine seedling roots. Significant quantities of gibberellin-like compounds were detected in the filtrates of both P. tinctorius and T. terestris using the lettuce hypocotyl bioassay. To evaluate gibberellin effects on the host physiology, pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were treated biweekly with 0 to 100 mg·liter-1 gibberellic acid for 3 months. Treatment did not influence fresh weight, dry weight, or sugar content in either roots or shoots. Gibberellin treatments significantly decreased starch in both the shoots and roots, and increased shoot length linearly.
Effect of Daminozide and Light Intensity on Growth and Flowering of Calendula as a Potted Plant
Authors: Armitage A. M. , Bergmann B. , Bell E. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two applications of 3500 ppm daminozide applied 4 to 5 weeks from sowing and at visible bud stage resulted in excellent height control of Calendula officinalis L. ‘Mandarin’ by reducing both peduncle and internodal elongation. There were no differences in flowering time between any daminozide concentrations (1500, 3500, or 5000 ppm) and control. Light reduction of 50% during the spring months did not increase plant height or prolong flowering times compared with ambient, but 75% light reduction increased internode elongation and duration of flowering. There were no interactions between light reduction and number of daminozide applications. Chemical name used: butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide).
Anthocyanins in the Lavender Anthurium
Authors: Marutani M. , Tang C. S. , Paull R. , Kamemoto H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two anthocyanins from Anthurium amnicola (Dressler) were identified as cyanidin 3-rutinoside and peonidin 3-rutinoside. HPLC chromatograms from spathe and spadix were similar. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside occurred in much larger amounts than peonidin 3-rutinoside.
Effect of Foliar-applied Calcium and Chlorine on Stomatal Conductance in Apple Leaves
Authors: Swietlik Dariusz , Miller Stephen S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar application of CaCl2 at concentrations of 60 to 100 meq·liter-1 to in vitro-propagated ‘Jonathan’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees reduced stomatal conductance (gs). Responses in gs were not associated with visible leaf injuries. No reduction in gs was observed when Ca at 100 meq·liter-1 was applied to the leaves in conjunction with nonabsorbable anions (IDA or DMDADS), indicating that Ca2 alone was not responsible for stomatal closure after CaCl2 application. Foliar-applied Cl- at 100 meq·liter-1 with the organic cation 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (Tris), induced stomatal closure. However, no changes in gs were observed after Tris application alone or when Cl- was applied with K- as an accompanying cation. These results indicate that CaCl2-induced reductions of gs derive from the interaction between Ca2 and Cl- rather than the effect of Ca2- or Cl- alone. CaCl2 sprays lowered transpiration for 2 days and increased stem water potential of water-stressed and unstressed trees. Transpiration was reduced less in stressed than unstressed trees. Chemical names used: iminodiacetate (IDA); 4,4-dimethyl-4,7-diazadecane-1,10 disulfate (DMDADS).
Influence of the Non-ripening Mutants rin and nor on the Aroma of Tomato Fruit
Authors: McGlasson W. B. , Last J. H. , Shaw K. J. , Meldrum S. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differences in aroma have been examined in headspace samples of ripe tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit of ‘Rutgers’ and of yellowing fruit of the nonripening mutants rin and nor. Volatiles were trapped and separated by gas chromatography, and the intensity of the effluent aromas was rated by sniffing. Intense aroma compounds were identified by mass spectrometry. Sixty-nine intense compounds were found in ‘Rutgers’, of which 46 were present in one or both mutant strains. Fifteen compounds with odor intensities rated medium to very strong were identified that were deficient or absent in fruit of the mutants. The latter compounds included two aldehydes, seven alcohols, two ketones, three sulfur-containing compounds, and a phenol. A few compounds were intense odors in ‘Rutgers’ and in one or both mutants; hex-2-enal, linalool, phenylacetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, 2-phenylethanol, and eugenol. Some compounds were detected that were more intense in rin and nor than in ‘Rutgers’ (e.g., guaiacol). It is proposed that the “normal background aroma” in fresh tomatoes is caused by those intense odors, which are common to both normal and mutant strains, whereas the bland flavor of mutant fruit is caused by the absence of those intense aroma compounds found only in ‘Rutgers’. The intense aroma compounds found only in ‘Rutgers’ may be crucial determinants of acceptability in fresh tomato fruit.
Use of Reaction Types to Identify Downy Mildew Resistance in Muskmelons
Authors: Thomas Claude E. , Cohen Y. , Jourdain E. L. , Eyal H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistant reaction types (RT) can be used to evaluate objectively downy mildew resistance on muskmelon foliage. Reaction types 2, 3, and 4 represent increasing levels of resistance compared to the susceptible reaction typified by RT 1. A double-digit classification system for the RT of leaves 1 and 2, respectively, in greenhouse–growth chamber inoculations of two-leaf stage plants is an excellent predictor of the disease reaction of older plants under field conditions. Spore production decreases progressively as the levels of resistance represented by RT 2, 3, and 4 increase.
Permanent Labels for Identifying Plant Materials
Authors: Wolfe Dwight , Brown Gerald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Labeling to identify plant material is an important procedure in plant science research, teaching, and extension. Labels for perennial plants should be durable and easy to read. Further, a labeling system should be economical and flexible in the size of the labels that may be used. We have developed a flexible labeling system that satisfies these requirements and offers other advantages as well. This labeling system was adapted from the ear tag labeling methods used in animal science (1). It uses Ritchey marking paint (RMP), a wire tie, and a plastic tag.
Morphogenetic Response of Calli Derived from Primary Explants of Diverse Cultivars of Melon
Authors: Orts M. C. , García-Sogo B. , Roche M. V. , Roig L. A. , Moreno V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a previous study with melon (Cucumis melo L.). Spanish cv. Amarillo Oro, we reported medium, cultural, and environmental conditions that made it possible to regenerate plants from cotyledon segment-derived calli (1). Here, we present results, under the same cultural conditions, of the morphogenetic response of calli derived from the same kind of explants from several melon cultivars obtained from different countries.
Performance of Four Tomato Cultivars Intercropped with Snap Beans
Authors: Teasdale John R. , Deahl Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intercropping is a well-established practice for increasing production of many agronomic crops from a given land area (5). The land equivalent ratio (LER) is a standard measure of the overall production gain from intercropping and is defined as the land area needed for monocropping to produce the maximum of each crop per unit of land area for intercropping (5). Tomatoes have been investigated as intercrops with cabbage (2), corn (1), cucumber (4). and okra (3). In most of these systems, overall production was greater in intercropping than in monocropping (LER >1.0); however, tomato yields were reduced substantially. The objectives of this research were; a) to determine whether tomato and a short-season crop such as snap bean could be intercropped with minimum impact on tomato and b) to evaluate the performance of four fresh-market tomato cultivars of different maturity and growth habit for intercropping with snap beans.
Sources of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, race 2
Authors: Bosland P. W. , Williams P. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since its introduction more than 50 years ago, monogenic dominant “Type A” resistance has successfully controlled cabbage yellows, caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlect. f. sp. conglutinans (Wr.) Snyd. & Hans., race 1 (FOCI). Recently, a new pathotype capable of overcoming Type A resistance was found in California and designated race 5 (3). Investigations of the relationship among the races revealed that race 1 and race 5 were more closely related to each other than they were to the other races, justifying the reclassification of the F. oxysporum on crucifers (P.W.B., unpublished data). F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans race 5 is now designated race 2 (F0C2).
Extending Vaselife and Improving Quality of Nerine Cut Flowers with Preservatives
Authors: Downs Christopher , Reihana Makareta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The addition of chemicals, particularly sucrose and silver, to flower holding solutions prolongs the vaselife of many cut flowers. These preservatives have their greatest effect when used either continuously at lower 2% to 5% concentrations (holding solutions) (3), or at 10% to 20% concentrations for a short period immediately after harvest (pulse solutions). The optimal sucrose concentration for pulsing varies with species; 20% for gladiolus (4), 10% for bird of paradise (2), and 5% for leucospermum (1). Nerines are a cut flower crop of increasing importance in New Zealand, but little information exists on postharvest handling requirements. We evaluated the effects of floral preservatives on vaselife, flower development, and changes in fresh weight of Nerine bowdenii, W. Wats ‘Pink Triumph’ and ‘Bowdenii 63’.
‘White Delite’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Collins Wanda W. , Moyer J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘White Delite’ is a moist-type, white-fleshed sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] developed at North Carolina State Univ. in 1979 and tested as NC1135. There is a consistent but limited demand for white-fleshed sweet potatoes. These types are certainly not as widely grown in the United States as orange-fleshed types and usually are confined to sales at local farmers’ markets or for planting in home gardens. Cultivars presently available have little disease resistance and poor yield potential. This cultivar provides a high-yielding, excellent quality white-fleshed cultivar for local markets and/or garden types.
‘Jerseycot’ Apricot
Authors: Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Hough L. Fredric , Voordeckers Anna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Jerseycot’ is an early ripening, orange-fleshed, freestone apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) for homeowners and the local fresh market. ‘Jerseycot’ is the first apricot cultivar to be released by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (1) ‘Jerseycot’ combines several desirable attributes, including good tree health, consistency of cropping, disease resistance, and good fruit quality. It is being introduced to allow apricot production in New Jersey and areas with a similar climate.
‘Voyageur’ Plum
Authors: Tehrani G. , Lay W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Voyageur’ is a self-fruitful, very productive, good-quality, semi-clinging, early-ripening, purple (with heavy bloom) European plum (Primus domestica L.). ‘Voyageur’ matures during the third week of August in Ontario, about 1 week later than ‘California Blue’. It was introduced primarily for fresh market consumption and for planting in areas where European plums are grown.
Coming Out from Underneath the Bushel
Authors: Tereshkovich George 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paul Read’s recent article titled “Hiding Our Light Under a Bushel or Are Good Teachers of Horticulture Truly Scarce?” (1) inspired me to come out from underneath the bushel and discuss with you my philosophy on teaching. I really do not know what the qualifications of a good teacher are; perhaps some are natural-born teachers, whereas others become good teachers through experience, time, and tenure; while others profess to be good teachers but never reach that plateau. Perhaps a good teacher is a good communicator, possesses superior judgment, has knack, intuition, and a thorough understanding of horticulture or another discipline.
A Climate Control System for Greenhouse Research
Authors: Hanan Joe J. , Coker Frank A. , Goldsberry K. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hanan and Holley (6), in 1960. published on a simple air temperature control system for research purposes. However, present climate control systems have completely revolutionized the manner, quality, and efficiency of research carried out in greenhouses. Reports by Willits et al. (8, 9) showed that building a system with equipment extant in 1975 would be difficult for a practicing horticulturist. There are possibly now more than five companies in the United States marketing environmental control “computer” systems for the greenhouse industry. Within the past 10 years, interest in the potential of sophisticated climate control has been marked (1–4, 7–9).
Observations on the Relationship Between Degree-day Summations and Timing of Easter Lilies
Authors: O’Rourke E. N. , Branch Patricia C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The timing of the crop is probably the most important thing that Easter lily (Lilium longiforum thunb) forcers must accomplish, and the variable date of Easter complicates scheduling (6, 12). The influence of bulb maturity and treatments prior to being placed in the greenhouse, often not under the grower’s control, makes forcing a challenge (2, 11, 17). Several methods are used to monitor progress of the crop, but adjusting temperatures is the actual means of controlling the rate of growth and development. Measurements of time and temperature, expressed as heat units or degree-days, are used to monitor the growth and development of many crops (1, 13, 21) and to predict with a high level of precision certain stages of their development. Degree-days or heat units offer little advantage over time alone as indicators of crop progress under conditions where temperature can be controlled to eliminate or minimize variations. Variations in greenhouse temperatures, greater during daytime hours than at night, especially in southern U.S. locations, are largely responsible for timing problems with Easter lilies. Heat unit summations may be reliable indicators where such variations occur. There are apparently no reports of attempts to use heat units or degree-days to monitor Easter lily shoot development.
Dormancy: A New Universal Terminology
Authors: Lang Gregory A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Attempts to discuss the various aspects of plant dormancy can be bewildering due to the excessive number of nonphysiological, independent terms that have arisen over the years. In the context of field observations and orchard management, this terminology has often been adequate. However, in the complex realm of scientific description of the processes that constitute dormancy, the terminology has not been able to keep pace with physiological investigation. In 1985, a set of alternative terms, endodormancy, ectodormancy, and ecodormancy, were suggested to improve the situation (14). During the past 2 years, R. Darnell, J. Early, G. Martin, and I have reviewed the dormancy literature to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of new and previous terms. At various times, N. Arroyave, R. Biasi, R. Femandez-Escobar, G. Stutte, and others from around the world have contributed greatly to discussion and critical analysis of the requirements for a physiological nomenclature. In 1986, ectodormancy was replaced by paradormancy (16) due to the former’s spoken and written similarities to ecodormancy. This paper summarizes the communicative burden presented by the current terminology, the evolution of the new terms, the universal classification system in which the terms are used, and the implications for future dormancy research. These topics are presented in greater detail elsewhere (15).
Degree Growth Stage Model and Rest-breaking Mechanisms in Temperate Woody Perennials
Authors: Fuchigami Leslie H. , Nee Cheng-Chu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper is in part a review of the literature on overcoming rest development in temperate woody perennials. In addition, we discuss the role of sublethal stress and hydrogen cyanamide in rest. A hypothesis is presented on the mechanism of rest development and rest breaking in temperate woody perennials.
Senescence of Leafy Vegetables
Authors: Lipton Werner J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Before undertaking this survey of senescence in stored leafy vegetables, I thought that there would be a wealth of information available from which I could draw. I was in for a surprise. Even though there exists ample literature on some symptoms of senescence among leafy vegetables, amazingly little research has been published regarding fundamental changes in their physiology as senescence progresses. Among the roughly 100 papers I checked for this presentation, only a few dealt with any basic aspect of hormonal influences on senescence in leafy vegetables (2, 15, 40, 47, 57). I was amazed by this relative neglect of studies of senescence in a group of crops that are of major economic importance. If this symposium does little more than point to where the gaps in knowledge are, it can be considered a success.
Senescence in Fruits
Authors: Grierson Donald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is difficult, perhaps impossible, to make a clear distinction between the terms “ripening” and “senescence”. Therefore, in this paper I shall accept the view expressed by Huber (16) that ripening is a “....functionally modified, protracted form of senescence”. There are many changes that occur during ripening of fleshy fruits that affect their quality and storage life. In general, these involve alterations in color, flavor, texture, aroma, etc. For any given fruit, these changes can be defined precisely in physiological and biochemical terms and, at least for some processes, specific modifications can be shown to be due to alterations in the activity of particular enzymes. No detailed biochemical description of ripening that applies to all fruits can be given, however, because some do not change color and, in others, different pathways are involved in pigment production. Similarly, mechanisms of softening vary in different fruits, as do the accumulation and metabolism of storage components and the production of compounds contributing to flavor and aroma. I believe that ripening is a programmed event that involves the regulated expression of specific genes. Variations in ripening patterns in different fruits are explicable if one assumes that the genes involved in ripening vary according to the biochemical changes that have been recruited to the ripening program during the course of evolution. It is an essential feature of the gene expression hypothesis that ripening cannot occur without changes in the gene expression, but the nature of the genes involved would be expected to vary from species to species. In the first part of this paper, I shall summarize the evidence that changes in gene expression are required for ripening of tomatoes and then discuss the wider implications for our understanding of the mechanism and regulation of ripening in other fruits and for senescence in general.
Improving Ethephon’s Effect on Olive Fruit Abscission by Glycerine
Authors: Ben-Tal Yosef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethephon solutions at pH 7 have been used for several years to facilitate mechanical harvesting of olive (Olea europaea L.) fruits in Israel, but results were not always satisfactory, especially in the more arid regions of the country. Previous studies indicated that occasional failures were due to hot and dry weather conditions that caused rapid drying of the sprayed solution, resulting in inadequate uptake of ethephon into the plant tissues. Addition of 1% glycerine to the solution did not enhance ethephon uptake, but delayed evaporation and drying of the solution sprayed on ‘Manzanillo’ olive trees. Extended presence of ethephon as a liquid solution allowed more of it to penetrate the tissue, as was indicated by a 345% increase in ethylene evolved from leaves. Prolonged presence of the solution on the sprayed trees also reduced fruit removal force and improved fruit abscission under similar climatic conditions. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon).
Effects of CO2 Enrichment, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Celery Transplants
Authors: Tremblay N. , Yelle S. , Gosselin A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Celery transplants (Apium graveolens L. cv. Florida 683) were fertilized with complete nutrient solutions at three N concentrations and three concentrations of P in a factorial combination, both with or without atmospheric CO2 enrichment. They then were planted on a muck soil and harvested at the end of July. Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the transplant leaf area as well as shoot and root dry weight and decreased the leaf area ratio (LAR), but had no significant effect on growth parameters at harvest. Nitrogen affected leaf area, dry weight, leaf area ratio, and dry matter content of transplant shoots together with root: shoot dry weight ratio. Total, marketable, and side shoot weights at harvest were significantly increased by the intermediate N concentration (400 ppm N) provided during transplant raising. Phosphorus had no effect on transplant growth but interacted with N on the weight of marketable shoots harvested.
Tolerance of Overseeded Perennial Ryegrass to Selected Tricalcium Arsenate Treatments
Authors: Johnson B. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] green-overseeded with ‘Medalist VI’ perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne (L.)] was treated with variable rates and frequencies of 26% (flowable) tricalcium arsenate. Ryegrass was severely injured when tricalcium arsenate was applied in mid to late fall, after it had fully germinated. Injury to ryegrass was not as severe when applied prior to or during germination. Timing of chemical application had more effect on injury than rate of application.