bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NAD+ deficiency in human congenital malformations and miscarriage: A new model of pleiotropy
Authors: Mark Paul R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPleiotropy is defined as the phenomenon of a single gene locus influencing two or more distinct phenotypic traits. However, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) deficiency through diet alone can cause multiple or single malformations in mice. Additionally, humans with decreased NAD+ production due to changes in pathway genes display similar malformations. Here, I hypothesize NAD+ deficiency as a pleiotropic mechanism for multiple malformation conditions, including limb‐body wall complex (LBWC), pentalogy of Cantrell (POC), omphalocele‐exstrophy‐imperforate anus‐spinal defects (OEIS) complex, vertebral‐anal‐cardiac‐tracheoesophageal fistula‐renal‐limb (VACTERL) association (hereafter VACTERL), oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS), Mullerian duct aplasia‐renal anomalies‐cervicothoracic somite dysplasia (MURCS), sirenomelia, and urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence, along with miscarriages and other forms of congenital malformation. The term Congenital NAD Deficiency Disorder (CNDD) could be considered for patients with these malformations; however, it is important to emphasize there have been no confirmatory experimental studies in humans to prove this hypothesis. In addition, these multiple malformation conditions should not be considered individual entities for the following reasons: First, there is no uniform consensus of clinical diagnostic criteria and all of them fail to capture cases with partial expression of the phenotype. Second, reports of individuals consistently show overlapping features with other reported conditions in this group. Finally, what is currently defined as VACTERL is what I would refer to as a default label when more striking features such as body wall defects, caudal dysgenesis, or cloacal exstrophy are not present.
High thermal resistance amorphous copolyesters synthesized from bio‐based 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Shen Ang , Wang Jinggang , Zhang Xiaoqin , Fei Xuan , Fan Lin , Zhu Yanliu , Dong Yunxiao , Zhu Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe polyesters with high Tg (≥100°C) and good clarity are desired in fabricating heat‐resistance containers such as baby bottles, cups, medical apparatus, and kitchen appliances. In this work, a series of poly(butylene bis[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] sulfone 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PBSCFs) that show superior thermal and mechanical properties against current bio‐based polyesters were synthesized via a melt polycondensation method. The accurate chemical structures of PBSCFs were confirmed by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. The SEC results show that PBSCFs have number averaged molar mass (Mn) in the range of 9700–28,500 g/mol. The Tg of PBSCFs increase from 94°C for PBSF to 108°C for PBSCF‐50 as the increasing of CHDM unit. Meanwhile, the ductility of PBSCFs also improved with the elongation at break of PBSCF‐40 increased to 223%. In addition, the PBSCF‐40 sample reported in this paper shows thermal decomposition temperature of 427°C, transmittance of 84.6%, haze of only 0.17%, tensile strength of 74.1 MPa, and tensile modulus of 2287 MPa.
A network approach to the topological organization of the Brodmann map
Authors: Bruner Emiliano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBrain morphology is the result of functional factors associated with cortical areas, but it is also influenced by structural aspects due to physical and spatial constraints. Despite the noticeable advances in brain mapping, Brodmann's map is still used in many research fields that rely on macroscopic cortical features for practical or theoretical issues. Here, the topological relationships among the Brodmann areas were modeled according to the principles of network analysis, in order to provide a synthetic view of their spatial properties following a criterion of contiguity. The model evidences the importance of the parieto‐temporal region in terms of biological burden and topological complexity. The retrosplenial region is particularly influenced by spatial constraints, and the cingulate cortex occupies a position that bridges the anterior and posterior topological blocks. Such spatial framework should be taken into account when dealing with brain morphology in both ontogeny and phylogeny.
Intensifying Upconverted Ultraviolet Emission towards Efficient Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Liu Yachong , Jin Rong , Han Sanyang , Su Qianqian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiphoton upconversion that can convert near‐infrared irradiation into ultraviolet emission offers many unique opportunities for photocatalysis and phototherapy. However, the high‐lying excited states of lanthanide emitters are often quenched by the interior lattice defects and deleterious interactions among different lanthanides, resulting in weak ultraviolet emission. Here, we describe a novel excitation energy lock‐in approach to boost ultraviolet upconversion emission in a new class of multilayer core‐shell nanoparticles with a gadolinium‐rich core domain. Remarkably, we observe more than 70‐fold enhancements in Gd3+ emission from the designed nanoparticles compared with the conventional nanoparticles. Our mechanistic investigation reveals that the combination of energy migration over the core domain and optically inert NaYF4 interlayer can effectively confine the excitation energy and thus lead to intense multiphoton ultraviolet emission in upconversion nanostructures. We further achieve a 35.6% increase in photocatalytic reactivity and 26.5% in reactive oxygen species production yield in ZnO‐coated upconversion nanocomposites under 808‐nm excitation. This study provides a new insight to energy transfer mechanism in lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles and offers an exciting avenue for exploring novel near‐infrared photocatalysts.
Conversion of Glycals to 2,3‐Di‐Substituted‐3‐Deoxy‐Glycals by N‐(Glycosyloxy) Acetamides‐assisted C‐2‐Alkenylation and C‐3‐Nucleophilic Substitution
Authors: Zargar Irshad Ahmad , Hussain Nazar , Mukherjee Debaraj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransformation of glycals to 2,3‐di‐substituted‐3‐dexoy‐glycals were achieved by sequential C2 alkenylation of pseudoglycals followed by capture of nucleophiles at C3 position. Anomeric linked N‐(glycosyloxy) acetamides group assisted innate C2‐H activation of pseudoglycals under palladium catalysis is achieved. The synthesized C2 alkenylated products were further attacked by thio/amino nucleophiles at C3 position under basic conditions in stereo‐selective fashion to generate 2,3‐branched glycals with the elimination of directing groups and translocation of double bond. Different control experiments were conducted to establish the role of directing groups in C−H functionalization of pseudoglycals and reason for selectivity.
Das Vertäuprogramm für den Hamburger Hafen
Authors: Heitmann Christian , Weber Daniel , Dlugosch Jan , Feindt Frank , Pollmann Jörg , Roller Dieter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren ist ein erhebliches Größenwachstum im Bereich der Großcontainerschiffe (ULCVs) zu beobachten. Durch das Liegen dieser Schiffe mit Windangriffsflächen von bis zu 18.000 m2 an den bestehenden Kaianlagen kann es bei Starkwindsituationen zu Überlastungen der Poller‐ und Fendersysteme als auch der schiffsseitigen Vertäueinrichtungen kommen. Mit dem Wissen, dass statische Vertäuberechnungen zukünftig zur Beurteilung der Anforderungen an Kaimauern sowie der Vertäueinrichtungen der ULCVs nicht mehr ausreichen, hat die HPA (Hamburg Port Authority) mit externen Partnern die Entwicklung eines cloudbasierten IT‐System für dynamische Vertäuanalysen vorangetrieben. Neben der Softwareentwicklung wurde von der HPA das Pollerzugversuchsprogramm entwickelt. Ziel war es, durch unterschiedliche Probebelastungen Grundlagenforschung an existierenden Pollern zu betreiben. Beteiligungen an Ausschüssen der EAU und Arbeitsgruppen der PIANC gehören ebenso dazu wie das internationale JIP‐Projekt WINDLASS, in dem die HPA gemeinsam mit Rotterdam und Antwerpen involviert ist. In dem JIP sollen Grundlagen zu lokalen Windfeldern im Hafen ermittelt werden und bei der Beurteilung von Starkwindsituationen unterstützen. Durch die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung und den Einsatz des Vertäuprogramms sowohl im Bereich der Großcontainerschiffe als auch zukünftig bei Kreuzfahrtschiffen, RoRo‐Schiffen, Bulkern, aber auch Hafenplanungen kann das Sicherheitsniveau im Hamburger Hafen weiter erhöht werden.
Degrees of freedom for energy storage material
Authors: Gong Yue , Gu Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBuilding a bridge between properties and structures has always been the key focus of any materials research. Nowadays, energy storage materials, especially lithium‐ion batteries, are crucial both in daily life and for the research community. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover the functionality origin of battery performances to improve and design better material systems. Functionality originates from local symmetry and field. Local symmetry can be described by four fundamental degrees of freedom: lattice, charge, orbital, and spin. On the basis of this, detailed descriptions of the battery's properties in terms of lattice, charge, orbital, and spin are presented from the perspective of frontier transmission electron microscopy in this review. Besides, frontier in situ methods are introduced to record the dynamic structural evolution process during the battery cycle. Future discussion from the perspectives of both materials and characterizations is provided at the end of this review.
Partition detection and recovery by UAVs in damaged WSANs using N‐angle clustering
Authors: Zear Aditi , Ranga Virender , Bhushan Kriti 
Published: April 2022

SummaryConnectivity is essential in wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) deployed for data collection and monitoring applications. WSANs serving in inhospitable environments are prone to damage, and sometimes, the concurrent multiple node failures in the same area may cause network partitioning. The autonomous network recovery in harsh environments is challenging because the nodes in different partitions cannot determine the scope of the damage. This paper proposes an approach called partition detection and recovery by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in damaged WSANs using N‐angle clustering (N‐anglePDRU), which consists of all the phases required to accumulate information about the network partitions and reconnect them successfully. The algorithm is evaluated for different randomly generated network topologies according to various state‐of‐the‐art parameters such as detection and recovery time, messages transmitted, relay node count, and distance traveled by UAVs. The proposed approach is also compared with the existing algorithms, and the obtained results demonstrate that N‐anglePDRU recovers the partitioned network in less recovery time with minimum relay nodes and distance traveled.
Oxygen Vacancies‐rich Manganese Oxide with Flower‐like Nanosheets for High Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Yunhao , Lu Gang , Yue Jiasheng , Luo Dan , Shi Meng , Cheng Zhiming , Kang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere, flower‐like manganese oxide with enriched oxygen vacancies were reported for high performance supercapacitors. The moderate oxygen‐vacancy were achieved by controlling annealing atmosphere. Benefiting from improving the conductivity and the density of active sites, MnOx−Ar sample as an electrode material has remarkable specific capacity (339 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), extraordinary rate capability (90 % capacity retention at 1 A g−1), and good cycling property (90 % capacity retention at 1 A g−1 after 5000 cycles). Additionally, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was assembled which used the MnOx−Ar sample as cathode and Kochen Black (KB) as anode, which displayed a remarkable energy density (16 Wh kg−1) at a large power density (7593 W kg−1). These results, on the one hand, further expand the application of MnO2‐based materials, and on the other hand, offer a new perspective for the oxygen non‐stoichiometry in material electrochemistry.
Validating the preeminence of biochemical properties of camel over cow and goat milk during the Covid‐19
Authors: AL‐Saffar Amal M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the light of the Covid‐19 pandemic outbreak, and the need‐of‐the‐hour to boost immunity to residents, especially those residing in an arid environment, a comparative study was made on the physical and biochemical properties of dairy milk. This novel study in Kuwait revealed the lesser consumed pseudoruminant camel milk as a better potential source of dietary inclusion and an immune booster over true ruminants—cow's and goat's milk. Analysis using a wide array of instruments determining the physical characteristics in camel's milk (pH, conductivity, specific gravity, moisture, and total solids), biochemical constituents (crude protein (CP), nonprotein (NP), and fat), and inorganic constituents (K‐919; Ca‐907; Zn‐4.2 mg/100 mg) revealed conducive properties that validate immunity to consumers when compared to the regularly used cow's milk (K‐841; Ca‐776; Zn‐2.43 mg/100 mg) and goat's milk (K‐914; Ca‐849; Zn‐2.45 mg/100 mg). Log‐transformed results revealed high vitamin C in camel's milk (0.42 mg/100 g), indicating high antioxidant properties compared to those of goat's milk (0.12 mg/100 g) and cow's milk (0.04 mg/100 g). Statistical tests by analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences and the correlation coefficient between the three milk samples validating the multiple reasons to use camel's milk over the cow's and goat's milk. Furthermore, this study recommends the consumption of camel's milk due to its low concentrations of contaminants as well, their status below permissible limits in Kuwait, set by global standards over the other sampled milks.
Association of comorbidity score with perioperative outcomes following transoral robotic surgery: National analysis
Authors: Wadhavkar Neha , Jorgensen Jeffrey B. , Bollig Craig A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association of comorbidities with perioperative outcomes after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is not well‐defined in the literature.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, 4004 patients with T1‐T2 oropharyngeal cancer between 2010 and 2017 were stratified based on their Charlson–Deyo Comorbidity Class (CDCC). Thirty‐day unplanned readmissions, 30‐day mortality, and 90‐day mortality were compared using chi‐square test and logistic regression. Hospital length of stay (LOS) was compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsLOS was greater for patients with CDCC 2 or 3 compared to CDCC 0 or 1 (p < 0.001). Increasing age and CDCC ≥3 were associated with 30‐day mortality (CDCC ≥3: odds ratio [OR] 5.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–19.45). CDCC ≥3 (OR 2.61, 95%CI 1.09–6.27) was significantly associated with 30‐day readmissions.ConclusionThis national analysis demonstrates greater rates of unplanned 30‐day readmissions, longer hospitalizations, and increased 30‐ and 90‐day mortality after TORS in patients with CDCC ≥3.
Speaking up or remaining silent about patient safety concerns in rehabilitation: A cross‐sectional survey to assess staff experiences and perceptions
Authors: Niederhauser Andrea , Schwappach David L. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPatient safety incidents may be prevented if healthcare workers speak up to voice their concerns when they observe hazardous clinical situations. This study aims to investigate the frequency of speaking up and healthcare workers' perception of organizational climate in rehabilitation clinics.MethodsAn online survey was conducted in five rehabilitation clinics. An existing survey instrument (Speaking Up About Patient Safety Questionnaire [SUPS‐Q]) was adapted for this purpose. The instrument includes items on self‐reported speak‐up‐related behavior (perceived safety concerns, withholding voice, and speaking up), anticipated speak‐up behavior, barriers to speaking up, and speak‐up‐related climate measures (psychological safety, encouraging environment, and resignation). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, one‐way analysis of variance for differences between groups, multiple regression, and measures for validity and reliability of the scales.ResultsFour hundred seventy‐one individuals participated in the survey (response rate of 32%). In the 4 weeks preceding the survey, 81% of respondents had specific concerns about patient safety, 83% performed speak up and 41% remained silent in one or more instances. Expected differences between professional groups were confirmed, but surprisingly, we found no effect of hierarchical level on speaking up behavior and perception of the speak‐up climate. Factors that most frequently prevented healthcare workers from speaking up were ineffectiveness (38%), presence of patients (26%), and unpredictability of the actor's reaction (25%). The psychometric evaluation of the adapted SUPS‐Q showed acceptable results for validity and reliability.ConclusionsHealthcare workers in rehabilitation clinics frequently perceive safety concerns. The study underlines the importance of promoting a culture of safety and speaking up. The short survey instrument SUPS‐Q can be used by rehabilitation clinics to initiate discussions related to facilitators and barriers to speaking up and to identify areas for improvement within the organization.
Performance improvement potential of integrated process of urea‐adduction and distillation for separation of 1‐octene from F–T synthetic products
Authors: Ren Tongtong , Liu Suli , Li Hong , Chen Jiuzhou , Li Xingang , Zhang Angui , Gao Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDC8 α‐olefins are regarded as top value‐added compounds from Fischer–Tropsch (F−T) products. However, the separation of purified C8 α‐olefins has proven to be a daunting challenge owing to their relative volatility. As the traditional methods for C8 α‐olefins purification are energy‐ and capital cost‐intensive, an efficient method for the separation of n‐hydrocarbons and iso‐hydrocarbons will provide a valuable and more sustainable alternative to address these challenges.RESULTSIn the urea‐adduction method, the purity of 1‐octene was increased from 96.02 to 98.04 wt%, and the yield was 93.62 %, which broke the limitation of traditional distillation on the purification of 1‐octene. By combining the urea‐adduction method and distillation, a promising and energy‐efficient integrated separation process was proposed. First, it recovers C8 n‐hydrocarbons through adduction reactions. Second, 1‐octene and n‐octane are separated with integrated distillation technology. The results indicated that this process can be utilized to recover 1‐octene from the C8 fraction of F–T synthetic products with a recovery yield of 93.6 % and an increase in purity from 65.6 to 98.7 wt%. As shown in Fig. 6(b), process modeling demonstrates that it trims energy consumption to 50.1% and total TAC to 55.1% in comparison with the traditional separation process.CONCLUSIONIt was found that the integrated process can produce high‐purity 1‐octene, indicating that the integration process demonstrates clear potential advantages, such as reducing energy consumption and increasing economic value. This approach can be adopted on an industrial scale. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Unmet needs in the management of immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the potential role of caplacizumab in the UK—A modified‐Delphi study
Authors: Scully Marie , Dutt Tina , Lester Will , Farrington Emily , Lockwood Stevie , Perry Richard , Holmes Steve 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImmune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is an ultra‐rare, blood‐clotting disorder. Management historically relies on plasma exchange and immunosuppression; however, a 10%–20% mortality rate is still observed. Caplacizumab binds to von Willebrand factor and directly inhibits platelet aggregation; addition of caplacizumab to historical treatment induced faster resolution of platelet count in clinical trials. In 2019, a modified‐Delphi study was conducted with UK experts, to develop consensus statements on management of acute TTP and the potential role of caplacizumab. An unmet need was acknowledged, and areas requiring improvement included: time to diagnosis and treatment initiation; time to platelet normalisation (TTPN) during which patients remain at risk of persistent microvascular thrombosis and organ damage; and incidence of subsequent exacerbations and relapses. Caplacizumab addition to historical treatment within 24 h (after confirmatory ADAMTS13 [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13] assay) would significantly reduce TTPN, which directly influences acute outcomes, with manageable bleeding risk and reduced burden on healthcare systems. Expert panellists agree that poor outcomes in iTTP largely result from failure to rapidly control microvascular thrombosis. Use of caplacizumab during a confirmed iTTP episode could offer better control and may plausibly improve long‐term outcomes. However, this consensus must be validated with further clinical trials and robust real‐world evidence.
Protein X0P338, a GntR‐type pleiotropic regulator for morphological differentiation and secondary metabolites production in Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628
Authors: Li Chouqiang , Wang Juan , Lin Hengyi , Zhang Yongyong , Ma Zheng , Bechthold Andreas , Yu Xiaoping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe nucleoside antibiotic, toyocamycin (TM) exhibits excellent potent activity against several phytopathogenic fungi. Despite its importance, little is known about key factors regulating TM biosynthesis and morphological differentiation in Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628. Based on proteomics data obtained from the analysis between wild‐type (WT) S. diastatochromogenes 1628 strain and mutant strain 1628‐T62 having a low yield of TM, we observed that the differentially expressed protein, X0P338, which was proposed to be a regulator of the GntR‐family, exhibited a higher expression level in S. diastatochromogenes 1628. Therefore, in this study, to explore whether protein X0P338 was involved in morphological differentiation and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, especially TM, the gene called the gntRsd‐encoding protein X0P338 was cloned and overexpressed in WT strain 1628 and mutant strain 1628‐T62, respectively. The results indicated that the overexpression of gntRsd enhanced TM production in both strain 1628 (120.6 mg/L vs. 306.6 mg/L) and strain 1628‐T62 (15.6 mg/L vs. 258.9 mg/L). Besides, the overexpression of gntRsd had positive and negative effects on morphological differentiation in strain 1628 and strain 1628‐T62, respectively. The results also showed opposite effects on tetraene macrolide production during the overexpression of gntRsd in strain 1628 and strain 1628‐T62. Moreover, transcription levels of genes involved in morphological differentiation and secondary metabolites production were affected by the overexpression of gntRsd gene, both in strain 1628 and strain 1628‐T62. These results confirm that X0P338 as a GntR‐type pleiotropic regulator that regulates the morphological differentiation and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and especially has a positive effect on TM biosynthesis.