bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic evaluation of sintilimab plus chemotherapy vs. pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for the treatment of first-line advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC
Authors: Chen Pingyu , Wang Xintian , Zhu Shengwen , Li Hongchao , Rui Mingjun , Wang Yingcheng , Sun Haikui , Ma Aixia 
Published: August 2022

Background and objectiveSintilimab has superior efficacy and safety in patients with advanced or metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its cost-effectiveness in China is unclear. This study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab plus chemotherapy vs. pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC in China.MethodsFrom the perspective of the Chinese health system, the partitioned survival model with three health states was established in a 3-week cycle and a lifetime time horizon. The two-stage method was used to estimate the overall survival hazard ratios to avoid the bias by crossover design in ORIENT-12 and KEYNOTE-407 studies. The anchored matching adjusted indirect comparison method (MAIC) was used for indirect comparison based on the individual patient data from ORIENT-12 and the publicly published KEYNOTE-407 study due to the lack of head-to-head clinical trials. Only direct medical costs were included, and utilities were derived from the published literature in the base case analysis. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to verify the robustness of the model results. In addition, the scenario analysis where the utilities were derived from the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) scale in the ORIENT-12 by mapping to the EuroQol-5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) was carried out to explore the uncertainty of the results.ResultsCompared with pembrolizumab + chemotherapy, sintilimab + chemotherapy incurred a lower lifetime cost ($12,321 vs. 36,371) and yielded fewer quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (0.9902 vs. 1.0085), which resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $1,314,208/QALY. A sintilimab strategy is a cost-effectiveness option under the WTP of 1–3 times the GDP per capita in China ($11,250/QALY~$33,749/QALY). The utility value of the post-progression, the unit cost of albumin paclitaxel, and the utility value of the progression-free state were the main drivers in the deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA). According to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), sintilimab + chemotherapy was 100% cost-effective when the WTP was 1–3 times China's per capita GDP. The results of the scenario analysis showed that sintilimab + chemotherapy obtained more QALYs (1.2319 vs. 1.1815) and lower costs ($12,321 vs. 36,371), which implied that sintilimab + chemotherapy may dominate the pembrolizumab + chemotherapy.ConclusionCompared with pembrolizumab + chemotherapy, sintilimab + chemotherapy is more cost-effective for first-line treatment in Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC.
A comparison of surgical approaches in the treatment of grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula: A retrospective study
Authors: Záruba Pavel , Rousek Michael , Kočišová Tereza , Havlová Karolína , Ryska Miroslav , Pohnán Radek 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula is one of the most dreaded complications following pancreatic resections with Grade C the most severe. Several possible types of surgical intervention are available but to date, none of them have clearly shown superiority. This study aims to compare different surgical approaches.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients who underwent revision surgery for postoperative pancreatic fistula between 2008 and 2020 was performed. Three surgical approaches were compared: open drainage; a disconnection of the pancreaticojejunostomy; and salvage total pancreatectomy. The data of nine monitored parameters were collected. Selected parameters were statistically analyzed and compared.ResultsA total of 54 patients were included. Eighteen patients underwent open drainage, 28 had disconnections of the pancreaticojejunostomy and eight had salvage total pancreatectomy. Statistically significant differences were observed in the time of Intensive Care Unit stay, the number of surgical interventions, 90-day mortality, the number of administered blood transfers and treatment costs. Open drainage showed to be superior in each category. The difference in long-term survival also slightly favored simple drainage.ConclusionOpen drainage procedure showed to be superior to other types of interventions in most of the monitored parameters. Disconnection of the pancreaticojejunostomy and a salvage total pancreatectomy had similar results, which correlated with the surgical burden of these interventions.
A systematic review of ankle fracture-dislocations: Recent update and future prospects
Authors: Cao Mu-Min , Zhang Yuan-Wei , Hu Sheng-Ye , Rui Yun-Feng 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAnkle fracture-dislocations are one of the most severe types of ankle injuries. Compared to the simple ankle fractures, ankle fracture-dislocations are usually more severely traumatized and can cause worse functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to review the previous literatures to understand the anatomy, mechanisms, treatment, and functional outcomes associated with ankle fracture-dislocations.MethodsThe available literatures from January 1985 to December 2021 in three main medical databases were searched and analyzed. The detailed information was extracted for each article, such as researchers, age, gender, groups, type of study, type of center research, level of evidence, significant findings, study aim, cause of injury, time from injury to surgery, type of fracture, direction of dislocation, follow-up, postoperative complications and functional evaluation scores.ResultsA total of 15 studies (1,089 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was a prospective randomized trial. The top-ranked cause of injury was high-energy injury (21.3%). Moreover, the most frequent type of fracture in ankle dislocations was supination-external rotation (SER) ankle fracture (43.8%), while the most common directions of dislocation were lateral (50%) and posterior (38.9%).ConclusionsCollectively, most ankle fracture-dislocations are caused by high-energy injuries and usually have poor functional outcomes. The mechanism of injury can be dissected by the ankle anatomy and Lauge-Hansen's classification. The treatment of ankle fracture-dislocations still requires more detailed and rational solutions due to the urgency of occurrence, the severity of injury, and the postoperative complications.
Strengthening Capacity for Implementation Research Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Learnings From the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Implementation Science School
Authors: Aziz Zahra , Haregu Tilahun , Kyobutungi Catherine , Yan Lijing , Irazola Vilma , Absetz Pilvikki , Bandurek Isobel , Roberts Morven , Vedanthan Rajesh , Folkes Sheree , Cao Yingting , Wen Yu , Aung Myo Nyein , Danhieux Katrien , Desloge Allissa , Oldenburg Brian 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To describe the design, delivery and evaluation of the 3rd Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) Implementation Science School (ISS), delivered virtually in 2020 for the first time.Methods: Since 2014, GACD has supported the delivery of more than ten Implementation Science Workshops for more than 500 international participants. It has also been conducting an annual ISS since 2018. In this study, we described the design, delivery and evaluation of the third ISS.Results: Forty-six participants from 23 countries in five WHO regions attended the program. The virtual delivery was well-received and found to be efficient in program delivery, networking and for providing collaborative opportunities for trainees from many different countries. The recently developed GACD Implementation Science e-Hub was found to be an instrumental platform to support the program by providing a stand-alone, comprehensive online learning space for knowledge and skill development in implementation research.Conclusion: The delivery of the virtual GACD ISS proved to be feasible, acceptable and effective and offers greater scalability and sustainability as part of a future strategy for capacity strengthening in implementation research globally.
Pesquisa acadêmica para implementação de programas em linguagem Python para medidas de informação e codificação para compressão de dados
Authors: Cavalcante Paulo Cesar de Souza , Oliveira Williams Cavalcante de 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta o resumo expandido contendo informações sobre a pesquisa acadêmica para implementação de programas em linguagem Python para medidas de informação e codificação para compressão de dados. A pesquisa foi realizada, na Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, pelo aluno do curso de Engenharia Eletrônica Williams Cavalcante Oliveira, sob orientação do Professor Paulo Cesar de Souza Cavalcante, e teve seu resumo expandido apresentado na 1st Amazon Stem Academy Conference 2021. O conteúdo do resumo apresentado, transcrito neste trabalho, expõe breve revisão teórica dos métodos de cálculo de medida de informação e métodos para codificação para compressão de dados baseados em estatística e baseados em dicionários. Além de outras informações concernentes à pesquisa, também apresenta, como seu produto final, os módulos em linguagem Python desenvolvidos para execução dos algoritmos dos métodos estudados, para realização dos cálculos e codificações objetos da pesquisa.
Islamic Thought in Africa: The Collected Works of Afa Ajura (1910-2004) and the Impact of Ajuraism on Northern Ghana (by Alhaji Yusuf Salihu Ajura, translated by Zakyi Ibrahim)
Authors: Hashim Abubakar Ismail 
Published: August 2022

Since the formal end of colonial occupation of African countries by the imperial powers, the last few decades have witnessed ballooning interests in the study of Islam and Muslim societies in especially West Africa. This is partly complimented by the sudden religious transformations and radical shifts from syncretistic strands of Islam brought about by different Islamic reform projects. This factor has posed decisive survival threats to these synctretist groups as the edifices upon which they were initially constructed were being subjected into perpetual checks and cross-examinations. Consequently, the reform projects at times necessitated an internal reexamination within Islamic groups that were hitherto tainted and dominated by traditional practices and beliefs that seem to no longer appeal to scientific and inquisitive minds.
Gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde na rotina dos enfermeiros da atenção básica à saúde
Authors: Mekaro Karen Sayuri , Moraes Adriani Izabel de Souza , Uehara Sílvia Carla da Silva André 
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: avaliar a geração e o gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) nos serviços inseridos na Atenção Básica à Saúde. Método: estudo descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento de RSS de 27 estabelecimentos de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários autorrespondidos e pesagem dos RSS e foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFSCar. Resultados: os 27 estabelecimentos de saúde geraram 719,665 kg de RSS, sendo 300,140 kg de RSS gerados pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família (EqSF) e 419,525 kg de RSS oriundos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde(UBS). Destaca-se que 66,6% (14) dos participantes de EqSF não souberam descrever como era realizada a segregação dos resíduos químicos; e, 50,0% (6) dos respondentes de UBS não souberam informar o tipo de disposição final oferecida aos RSS. Conclusão: a elevada geração de RSS e as lacunas apresentadas no gerenciamento podem ser minimizadas por meio da implementação de medidas que visem a capacitação dos responsáveis pelo manejo e trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde, além da implantação da coleta seletiva a fim de contribuir para um desenvolvimento sustentável.
EFFECTIVENESS OF YOUNG ARECA NUT ON THE GROWTH OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE AND ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA
Authors: Angelin Purba Deborah , Mayen Meliala Juli Elisabeth , Mayen Juli elisabeth , Purba Hanna Christsela , Ginting Erika Yolanda , Sembiring Ricky Kinarta , Fachrial Edy 
Published: August 2022

Diarrhea is caused by impaired intestinal absorption of food and beverages (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) contaminated with bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving young areca nut seeds and what percentage of the concentration had a very good effect on overcoming the growth of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli bacteria. To determine the effect of giving young areca nut and what percentage of concentration has the best effect on overcoming bacterial growth of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli bacteria. The sample used is 5kg. Type of research is True Experimental and the research design is Post-Test Only Control Design the data in this study will be analyzed using SPSS Version 27 software. The concentration of the extract was made into 4 concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and positive control (Ciprofloxacin). Furthermore, the inhibition test was carried out on the two bacteria, namely Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli were conducted using NA (Nutrient Agar) media. Research shows that extracts from young areca nut (Arecha catechu L.) seeds can inhibit the growth of both bacteria at high concentrations 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and positive control (Ciprofloxacin) with an average diameter of the inhibitory zone test for Vibrio cholera were 13.3 mm, 11.5 mm, 13.4 mm, 13.8 mm and 21.3 mm. And for the power test, the inhibition zones of Escherichia coli were 12.8 mm, 11.5 mm, 11.9 mm, 11.9 mm, 19,4 mm. This study showed that the extract (Arecha Catechu L.) affected the growth effectiveness of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli bacteria from 4 concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The effect of young areca nut (Arecha Catechu L.) on bacteria was highest at a concentration of 60%.
EFFECTIVENESS ANTIBACTERIAL OF POWWOOD EXTRACT (SPATHOLOBUS LITTORALIS HASSK) AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Stephan Weldy , Armita Angelia , Fadillah Qori , Ferdinand Sahna 
Published: August 2022

Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobuslittoralis Hassk) adalah salah satu tanaman yang banyak tumbuh pada Kalimantan Tengah namun belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini karena melakukan uji efektivitas kandungan anti bakteri dari bajakah terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui konsentrasi yang terbaik yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan kedua bakteri tersebut. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) untuk menguji bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dengan memakai kertas cakram yang didalamnya terdapat ekstrak akar kayu bajakah pagar kemudian diletakkan ke media kultur (MHA) metode ini berguna untuk mengamati diameter zona hambat ekstrak kemudian hasilnya batch-to-batch yang baik. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan dalam uji coba penelitian adalah Shapiro-Wilk yaitu oneway ANOVA untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri dari ekstrak daun jarak pagar dan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) untuk mengetahui perbedaan efek antibakteri antar 2 kelompok perlakuan. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa memiliki nilai rata-rata lebih tinggi diameter zona hambat tertinggi pada perlakuan 100% sekitar 22,4 mm dengan menggunakan kontrol positif (Ciprofloxacin) sebagai perbandingan dengan rata – rata 50.1 mm. Kesimpulannya adalah ekstrak kayu bajakah memiliki efektivitas pada bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.Kata Kunci : Akar Kayu Bajakah; Antibakteri; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.AbstractBajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) is one of the most widely grown plants in Central Kalimantan but has not been widely used. The novelty in this research is to test the effectiveness of the anti-bacterial content of bajakah against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The purpose of the study was to determine the best concentration that could inhibit the growth of the two bacteria. The research method uses the Disc Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method to test Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacteria using disc paper in which there is an extract of the root of the bajakah fence then placed into culture media (MHA). -good batches. The data processing method used in the research trial was the Shapiro-Wilk one-way ANOVA to determine the antibacterial effect of jatropha leaf extract and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to determine the difference in antibacterial effect between the two treatment groups. The results obtained were Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria had a higher average value of the highest inhibition zone diameter at 100% treatment of about 22.4 mm using a positive control (Ciprofloxacin) as a comparison with an average of 50.1 mm. The conclusion is that the extract of bajakah wood has effectiveness on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.
SEPSIS RISK FACTORS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AT ROYAL PRIMA MEDAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Sanjaya Bagas Dwi , Djuang Michelle Hendriani , Muniro Fazwiansyah Darlin , Chiuman Linda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract Sepsis is a severe infectious disease accompanied by the discovery of a systemic response that can include hypothermia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and fatigue. Some studies suggest age is the most common risk factor for sepsis. The goal of the study was to determine the risk factors for sepsis in elderly patients associated based on age, gender, diagnosis, location of the infection, and length of treatment. The study used 100 samples of elderly patients aged 60 years diagnosed with sepsis. Descriptive analysis techniques with cross-sectional designs are used to explain the characteristics of each research variable. The results of the study explained that the risk factors for sepsis most in elderly patients by age are 70 years as many as 53 people (53.0%), female sex as many as 52 people (52.0%), endocrinological diagnoses as many as 24 people (23.5%), the location of lung infections as many as 20 people (19.6%), the length of treatment 3 to 7 days as many as 45 people (45%). Based on the results of the study showed that the elderly are an age that is susceptible to sepsis because the immune system and organ function will decrease with age. Endocrine diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, and infections of the lungs are the biggest risk factors for sepsis in the elderly.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF EXTRACT OF WHITE TURMERIC RHIZOME (CURCUMA ZEDOARIA) REVIEW OF LD50 AND BLOOD CELL COMPONENTS
Authors: Gozali Kewin , Erny Tandanu , Fiska Wardhani Maya , Rico Schram Alexander 
Published: August 2022

Kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria) merupakan tanaman obat tradisional memiliki kandungan fitokimia yang dipercaya penggunaannya sebagai anti atherosklerosis, anti-diabetes, anti-oksidatif, anti inflamasi serta anti kanker. Akan tetapi belum ada penelitian mengenai efek samping tanaman obat tersebut. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini karena meneliti toksisitas akut ekstrak rimpang kunyit putih ditinjau dari LD50 dan komponen sel darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji toksisitas akut ekstrak rimpang kunyit putih pada komponen sel darah. Kajian ini memakai 30 ekor tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) dan dikelompokkan ke dalam 6 kelompok (kelompok NaCMC 1%, kelompok normal, kelompok perlakuan 250mg/KgBB, 500 mg/KgBB, 750 mg/KgBB, dan 2000mg/KgBB). Parameter komponen sel darah yang diamati setelah 14 hari perlakuan adalah kadar eritrosit, leukosit, trombosit dan hemoglobin. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisa dengan tes one-way ANOVA serta dilanjut memakai uji PostHoc. Dari hasil kajian ini bisa disimpulkan jika Ekstrak rimpang kunyit putih tidak menyebabkan gejala toksisitas dan mortalitas pada tikus Kata kunci : Kunyit putih; uji toksisitas akut; eritrosit; leukosit; trombosit; hemoglobin. AbstractWhite turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is a traditional medicinal plant that contains phytochemicals which are believed to be used as a anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. Currently there are no studies on the side effects of these medicinal plants. The novelty in this study is because it examines the acute toxicity of white turmeric rhizome extract in terms of LD50 and blood cell components. This research aims to test the acute toxicity of white turmeric rhizome extract on blood cell components. This research use 30 white rats (Rattus novergicus) and grouped into 6 groups (normal group, 1% NaCMC group, treatment group 250mg/KgBW, 500 mg/KgBW, 750 mg/KgBW, and 2000mg/KgBW). Parameters of blood cell components observed after 14 days of treatment were the levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and hemoglobin. The collected data was then analyzed use the one-way ANOVA test and then tested by the PostHoc test. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) rhizome extract did not cause symptoms of toxicity and mortality in rats .Keywords : white turmeric; acute toxicity test; erythrocytes; leukocytes; platelets; hemoglobin.