bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCRD‐Net: An unsupervised dense network with multi‐scale convolutional block attention for multi‐focus image fusion
Authors: Zhou Ding , Jin Xin , Jiang Qian , Cai Li , Lee Shin‐jye , Yao Shaowen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMulti‐focus image fusion technology solves the problem of limited depth of field of the optical lens. It can extract different focus parts under the same target to synthesize a full‐focus image. This paper proposes an unsupervised dense network for multi‐focus image fusion. In the network, a multi‐scale feature extraction module is employed to extract the spatial details of source images from different scales, and a convolutional block attention module is used to select the useful deep features, and a residual module is used to effectively optimize the performance of the network. By introducing these three modules, the proposed network can effectively extract the shallow and deep features of the source images. Besides, Gaussian‐based Sum‐Modified‐Laplacian (GSML) is used to calculate the activity level of the feature map to generate a decision map. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed from two aspects: visual quality and objective metrics. Experimental results show that compared with nine image fusion methods, the performance of this algorithm is better.
Association of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity and Adipokines in
the General Population
Authors: Lendeckel Frederik , Zylla Stephanie , Markus Marcello Ricardo Paulista , Ewert Ralf , Gläser Sven , Völzke Henry , Albrecht Diana , Friedrich Nele , Nauck Matthias , Felix Stephan B , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdipokines and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with the
(patho)physiology of cardiometabolic diseases. Whether CRF and adipokines are
related is unclear. We investigated associations of CRF with leptin,
adiponectin, chemerin, resistin and vaspin. Data from the population-based Study
of Health in Pomerania was used (n=1,479; median age 49 years;
51% women). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was used to measure CRF.
Circulating adipokine concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. The association between CRF and adipokines was assessed
using multivariable sex-specific quantile regression models. Higher maximum
oxygen uptake was significantly associated with lower leptin
(men:−0.11 ng/ml; 95%-confidence interval
[CI]:−0.18 to−0.03 ng/ml; p<0.005;
women:−0.17 ng/ml; 95%-CI:−0.33
to−0.02 ng/ml; p<0.05) and chemerin
(men:−0.26 ng/ml; 95%-CI:−0.52
to−0.01 ng/ml; p<0.05;
women:−0.41 ng/ml; 95%-CI:−0.82
to−0.01 ng/ml; p<0.05) as well as higher
adiponectin concentrations (men: 0.06 µg/ml;
95%-CI: 0.02 to 0.11 µg/ml; p<0.05;
women: 0.03 µg/ml; 95%-CI:−0.05 to
0.10 µg/ml; p=0.48). We found that CRF was
inversely associated with leptin and chemerin in both sexes and positively
associated with adiponectin only in men.
10 Jahre Accountable Care Organizations in den USA: Impulse
für Reformen in Deutschland?
Authors: Simon Benedikt , Amelung Volker Eric 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziele der Studie Ein Ziel des Patient Protection and Affordable Care Acts
(ACA), auch als Obama-Care bekannt, war die Bremsung der Kostenentwicklung im
staatlichen Medicare-System durch eine Übertragung der Verantwortung
für Versorgungskosten und -qualität auf die Leistungserbringer.
Hierfür wurde Leistungserbringern gestattet sich in Netzwerken
zusammenzuschließen, in denen sie für eine definierte Population
verantwortlich sind –Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). Zehn Jahre
nach der Einführung von ACOs wird die Auswirkung auf Versorgungskosten
und -qualität untersucht, um mögliche Implikationen für
eine Übertragung auf Deutschland abzuleiten.
Methodik In einem Mixed Methods-Ansatz wurde ein Rapid Review in Health
System Evidence und PubMed durchgeführt. Per Snowballing-Verfahren
wurden weitere Paper identifiziert. Eingeschlossen wurden Paper, die nach
Screening des Abstracts Aussagen zur Kosten- und/oder
Qualitätsentwicklung enthielten. Ausgeschlossen wurden Paper, welche
sich nicht auf US-Medicare-ACOs bezogen. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Folgenden
durch Interviews mit 16 Experten aus den USA überprüft.
Ergebnisse Für die Analyse wurden 60 Paper herangezogen, inklusive
6 Reports im Auftrag von oder direkt durchgeführt von
US-Regierungsstellen sowie 3 vorhergegangene Reviews. Von den 60 Papern
beinhalten 31 Aussagen zu Kostenentwicklung, 18 zu Qualitätsentwicklung
sowie 11 zu beiden Aspekten. Die Studien zeigen überwiegend, dass ACOs
Versorgungskosten senken können. Das Kostensenkungspotential von ACOs
besteht sowohl im Vergleich zu historischen Versorgungsdaten der jeweiligen
Population als auch im Vergleich zu nicht in ACOs versorgten Populationen, als
auch im Vergleich zu Counterfactuals. Die Qualität der Versorgung ist
hierbei mindestens gleich geblieben oder konnte gesteigert werden.
Schlussfolgerung ACOs haben in den USA das Ausgabenwachstum für
Medicare gebremst, bei unveränderter oder sogar verbesserter
Qualität. Daher sollte eine Übertragung auf Deutschland in
Erwägung gezogen werden. Jedoch haben verschiedene Policies den Erfolg
der ACOs eingeschränkt. Vor diesem Hintergrund sowie den Unterschieden
zum deutschen Versorgungssystem bedarf es einer kritischen Reflektion der
Steuerungsinstrumente vor Einführung von ACO ähnlichen
Strukturen in Deutschland.
Psychotherapeutische Fachliteratur der DDR und BRD: Eine
vergleichende Zitationsanalyse
Authors: Storch Monika , Schneider Nico , Kirschner Hariet , Arp Agnès , Rauschenbach Manuel , Gallistl Adrian , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Erste Hypothesen zur wissenschaftlichen Rezeption von
psychotherapeutischer Literatur aus der DDR und der Sowjetunion in einem
Psychotherapieliteratur-Korpus der BRD (Praxis der Psychotherapie und
Psychosomatik 1979-1990) sollten geprüft werden. Außerdem
sollten inhaltliche Schwerpunkte der identifizierten wissenschaftlichen
Communities verglichen werden.
Methodik Es wurde eine bibliometrische und netzwerkanalytische
Untersuchung von Zitationsbeziehungen sowie eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der
Rezeption von DDR-Literatur und der thematischen Schwerpunkte der
identifizierten wissenschaftlichen Communities in Literaturkorpora aus Ost und
West durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Psychotherapeutische Literatur der DDR wird im untersuchten
BRD-Korpus kaum zitiert. Inhaltlich wird diese Literatur nicht tiefergehend in
die wissenschaftliche Argumentation des BRD-Korpus eingebunden. Die bekanntesten
Vertreter*innen der DDR-Psychotherapie(-forschung) werden im BRD-Korpus
gar nicht zitiert. Es lassen sich thematische Überschneidungen in beiden
Korpora identifizieren, allerdings spielen DDR-spezifische Themen inhaltlich
keine Rolle im BRD-Korpus.
Spontaneous Spinal Subdural Hematoma Secondary to Hemophilia A and Zanubrutinib
Authors: Lynes John , Rubino Sebastian , Rogers Andrea , Gaballa Sameh , Liu Hien D. , Arrington John A. , Peguero Edwin , Liu James K. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpontaneous spinal subdural hematomas (SSH) are rare occurrences that can occur most commonly secondary to vascular malformations or coagulopathies. Only a small fraction of spontaneous SSHs are caused by acquired coagulation disorders such as leukemia, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia. This case report describes a patient with a history of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), hemophilia A, and mantle cell lymphoma, on zanubrutinib therapy, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor associated with a risk of spontaneous hemorrhage. This patient developed a spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma, most likely due to the zanubrutinib therapy and exacerbated due to hemophilia. Treatment was delayed due to the patient's history of GBS that confounded the clinical diagnosis. This case is the first report of a spontaneous SSH in a patient on zanubrutinib, highlighting the need for a high index of suspicion for CNS hemorrhage in patients on Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy.
A Double-Flipped Virtual Classroom Format for Medical Students Learning Ophthalmology: An Approach to Clinical Rotations in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Brady S. Taylor , Vegunta Srav , Olson Lenora M. , Brintz Ben J. , Pettey Jeff H. , Jardine Griffin J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of a virtual, double-flipped clinical rotation in ophthalmology for medical students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods We instituted a virtual, reverse-classroom clinical elective for eight medical students interested in ophthalmology as a career. The course included required prework, interactive case-based discussions, and follow-up quizzes (first flip) entirely prepared and delivered by the students as teachers (second flip). After completion of the course, we surveyed students on five domains: (1) Autonomy and Leadership, (2) Self-Efficacy, (3) Impact on Career Selection, (4) Quality of Educational Experience, and (5) Clear Goals and Feedback using a Likert scale of 1–5 (5 being the most positive). We also asked open-ended questions regarding the overall experience, that is, strengths, weaknesses, and future recommendations for the course. Due to the small N and exploratory nature of the study, no formal statistical inference was performed.
Results Seven students responded to the survey. Aggregated mean survey scores for each domain are represented in parentheses. Responses were very positive in regard to “Autonomy and Leadership” (4.5), “Impact on Career Selection” (4.1), “Quality of Educational Experience” (5.0), and “Clear Goals and Feedback” (4.4). “Self-Efficacy,” which had an emphasis on ability to perform an eye exam and basic knowledge of ophthalmology, had a lower mean (3.4). The subjective responses were also very positive, but similarly alluded to the limitation of learning examination skills virtually.
Conclusions A medical school clinical elective can be successfully executed in a virtual format with an emphasis on student-directed learning. The novel “double-flipped” approach was highly rated by our small sample size. However, there remained a glaring limitation in the ability to transfer clinical skills in the virtual format. In the context of limited in-person contact due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that the double-flipped, virtual format was a viable replacement for a traditional clinical rotation.
Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System for Children and Adolescents: A Tool to Predict Clinical Course and Outcome
Authors: Sommer-Joergensen Vivienne , Sarcevic Jelena , Haecker Frank-Martin , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Gros Stephanie J. , Frech-Dörfler Martina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in children are common. In 2005, Akbal et al published the dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system (DVAISS) to assess patient's symptoms. Our study aimed to determine the value of this scoring system for predicting the severity and clinical course of voiding abnormalities in children and adolescents.
Material and Methods Patients' symptoms were scored using the DVAISS in children and adolescents with LUTS presenting for the first time to our pediatric urology department between January 2010 and December 2015. We correlated the calculated score with voiding volume, clinical course, and outcome.
Results A total of 168 patients (113 boys, 55 girls; age 5–18 years) with isolated LUTS were included. In 53 patients (group 1), the DVAISS score was less than or equal to 8.5 and in the other 115 patients (group 2), the score was greater than 8.5 suggestive for relevant voiding abnormalities. Patients in group 1 showed a significantly higher average voiding volume (200 vs. 110 mL, p = 0.001). The median time for symptom resolution was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (14 vs. 8 months; p = 0.018). The severity of LUTS could be determined by these parameters.
Conclusion Based on the DVAISS, a prediction of the clinical course and approximate treatment duration is possible. Therefore, the DVAISS is useful to assess LUTS in children and is also a valuable tool in rating the severity of the disease. It is also a quite precise predictor of the time needed to resolve the symptoms.
Distribution of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Classification in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in Japan
Authors: Toyooka Seikai , Osaki Yutoshi , Masuda Hironari , Arai Noriaki , Miyamoto Wataru , Ando Shuji , Kawano Hirotaka , Nakagawa Takumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) has recently been proposed as a simple and universal classification system to determine the suitability of a particular phenotype of the knee to a specific alignment strategy for knee replacement surgery. Although racial differences may affect knee alignment, there are no reports on the racial distribution of this classification system. We aimed to clarify the distribution of CPAK classification in patients with osteoarthritis who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Japan. Consecutive patients who underwent primary TKA were analyzed retrospectively. The knees were categorized according to the CPAK classification system which comprised of two independent variables (arithmetic hip–knee–ankle [aHKA] angle and joint-line obliquity [JLO]) with three respective subgroups to create the following nine phenotypes of the knee: type I (varus aHKA and apex distal JLO), type II (neutral aHKA and apex distal JLO), type III (valgus aHKA and apex distal JLO), type IV (varus aHKA and neutral JLO), type V (neutral aHKA and neutral JLO), and type VI (valgus aHKA and neutral JLO), type VII (varus aHKA and apex proximal), type VIII (neutral aHKA and apex proximal), and type IX (valgus aHKA and apex proximal). The distribution of the phenotypes in the Japanese population was investigated as a primary outcome. To accurately compare the results with previous studies conducted on non-Japanese patients, a sex-matched distribution was investigated as a secondary outcome. A total of 570 knees were investigated of which 500 knees were examined after exclusions. The most common distribution was type I (53.8%), followed by type II (25.4%), type III (8.2%), type IV (7.2%), type V (4.4%), and type VI (1.0%). Types VII, VIII, and IX were not distributed. The sex-matched distribution was nearly identical to the overall distribution in Japan. The majority of patients with knee osteoarthritis in Japan had medially tilted joints with constitutional varus alignment.
Accuracy of Intraoperative Mechanical Axis Alignment to Long-Leg Radiographs following Robotic-Arm–Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Roche Martin W. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Law Tsun Y. , Sabeh Karim G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImproper alignment and implant positioning following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been shown to lead to postoperative pain and increase the incidence of revision procedures. The use of robotic-arm assistance for UKA (RAUKA) has become an area of interest to help overcome these challenges. The accuracy of intraoperative alignment compared with standing long-leg X-rays postoperatively following medial RAUKA has been in question. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) determine final mean intraoperative coronal alignment in extension utilizing an image based intraoperative navigation system, and (2) compare final intraoperative alignment to 6-week weight-bearing (WB) long-leg X-rays. Patients who underwent RAUKA for medial compartmental osteoarthritis were identified from January 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019, through our institution's joint registry. The query yielded 136 (72 right and 64 left) patients with a mean age of 72.02 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.65 kg/m2 who underwent RAUKA. Final intraoperative alignment was compared with WB long leg X-rays 6 weeks postoperatively by measuring the mechanical alignment. Statistical analysis was primarily descriptive. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between intraoperative alignment to 6-week alignment. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean intraoperative coronal alignment after resections and trialing was 4.39 varus ± 2.40 degrees for the right knee, and 4.81 varus ± 2.29 degrees for the left knee. WB long-leg X-rays 6 weeks postoperatively demonstrated mechanical axis alignment for the right and left knees to be 3.01 varus ± 2.10 and 3.7 varus ± 2.38 degrees, respectively. This resulted in a change in alignment of 1.36 ± 1.76 and 1.12 ± 1.84 degrees for the right and left knees, respectively (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated a correlation of 0.69 between intraoperative to long-leg-X-ray alignment. RAUKA demonstrates excellent consistency when comparing postoperative WB long-leg X-rays to final intraoperative image-based non-WB alignment.
Line shape of the coherent population trapping resonance in the case of a Gaussian spatial profile of a light beam
Authors: Yudin V.I. , Basalaev M.Yu. , Kovalenko D.V. , Taichenachev A.V. , Pollock J. , Hansen A. , McGehee W. , Kitching J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
For coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited by a bichromatic field in a closed Λ-system, we have obtained an analytical expression for the line shape in the case of a Gaussian profile of the radiation intensity distribution, taking into account the light shift of the reference transition frequency. Due to the spatial inhomogeneity of the light shift, the line shape is asymmetric. The dependence of the shift of the resonance peak position on the light intenisty is investigated.
Itô – Stratonovich dilemma in the problem of laser cooling of atoms: limits of applicability of the semiclassical approximation
Authors: Kirpichnikova A.A. , Prudnikov O.N. , Taichenachev A.V. , Yudin V.I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report a comparative analysis of the limits of laser cooling of atoms in light fields both on the basis of a numerical solution of the quantum kinetic equation for the atomic density matrix, which makes it possible to accurately take into account quantum recoil effects during the interaction of atoms with field photons, and within the framework of the semiclassical approach using various forms of the Fokker – Plank equation. The analysis allows one to outline the limits of applicability of the semiclassical approach, as well as to choose an unambiguous form for introducing the diffusion contribution to the Fokker – Planck equation in the semiclassical description of atomic kinetics.
Radiation source based on an optical parametric oscillator with MgO : PPLN crystal and volume Bragg grating, tunable in ranges of 2050 – 2117 and 2140 – 2208 nm
Authors: Kostyukova N.Yu. , Erushin E.Yu. , Boyko A.A. , Kolker D.B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A tunable radiation source based on an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), generating light with a wavelength of ∼2.1 μm in a near-degenerate regime, is developed. The use of a volume Bragg grating (VBG) as a selective element makes it possible to reduce significantly (by a factor of more than 180) the radiation linewidth. Wavelength tuning from 2050 to 2117 nm for the signal wave and from 2140 to 2208 nm for the idler wave is demonstrated. The maximum average OPO output power is found to be 617 mW (123 μJ), which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 10 %. The use of a VBG provides a fundamental possibility of designing a pump source with a small linewidth (of no more than 1 nm) and smooth wavelength tuning in a desired range for frequency converters based on non-oxide nonlinear crystals generating mid-IR light (5 – 15 μm).
Laser fragmentation of silicon microparticles in liquids for solution of biophotonics problems
Authors: Nesterov V.Yu. , Sokolovskaya O.I. , Golovan L.A. , Shuleiko D.V. , Kolchin A.V. , Presnov D.E. , Kashkarov P.K. , Khilov A.V. , Kurakina D.A. , Kirillin M.Yu. , Sergeeva E.A. , Zabotnov S.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The possibility of manufacturing silicon nanoparticles by picosecond laser fragmentation of silicon microparticles in water is analysed. It is shown that for fragmentation duration of 40 min, the dependence of the average sizes of particles on the initial mass concentration of the micropowder varied in the range of 0.5 – 12 mg mL−1 is nonmonotonic, with the maximum average size of 165 nm being achieved at a concentration of 5 mg mL−1. To explain the obtained result, the simulation of propagation of a focused laser beam in a scattering suspension of silicon microparticles is performed for their different mass concentrations. It is demonstrated that at concentrations not exceeding 5 mg mL−1, fragmentation occurs in the paraxial region of the beam when it propagates deep into the cuvette with a suspension, while at higher concentrations it occurs primarily in the superficial layer owing to strong extinction. Calculations results allow the experimental features of the formation of silicon nanoparticles to be explained. Spectrophotometry measurements on suspensions of nanoparticles obtained at the initial concentration of microparticles of 12 mg mL−1 are compared with the theoretical estimates of the absorption and scattering coefficients obtained in the framework of the Mie theory. Measured optical properties indicate the potential of using fragmented nanoparticles as scattering and/or absorbing contrast agents in optical imaging of biological objects.
High-power mesa-stripe semiconductor lasers (910 nm) with an ultra-wide emitting aperture based on tunnel-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures
Authors: Slipchenko S.O. , Romanovich D.N. , Gavrina P.S. , Veselov D.A. , Bagaev T.A. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Pikhtin N.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The characteristics of high-power semiconductor lasers with an 800 μm emitting aperture based on tunnel-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with three optically uncoupled laser sections are studied. The maximum power achieved under pumping by current pulses with an amplitude of 47 A and a duration of 1 μs is 110 W with the maximum active region heating not exceeding 4.7 °C. At a pulse duration of 860 μs, the maximum optical power is 22.6 W, and the decrease in the optical power to the pulse end reaches 6.7 %. A decrease in the laser pulse duration to 85 μs leads to an increase in the peak laser power to 41.4 W at a pump current amplitude of 20 A.
Improvement of the current – voltage performance of broadened asymmetric waveguide InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor lasers (λ = 940 – 980 nm)
Authors: Volkov N.A. , Telegin K.Yu. , Gultikov N.V. , Sabitov D.R. , Andreev A.Yu. , Yarotskaya I.V. , Padalitsa A.A. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Shestak L.I. , Kozyrev A.A. , Panarin V.A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to improve the current – voltage (I – V) performance of semiconductor lasers based on broadened asymmetric waveguide InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs separate-confinement double heterostructures. We analyse the effect of AlGaAs waveguide layer composition on the output characteristics of the lasers and demonstrate that the decrease in the series resistance of the lasers and the threshold voltage of their I – V characteristic as a result of a decrease in the percentage of AlAs in the waveguide layers shifts the drop in the differential quantum efficiency of the lasers to higher pump currents, despite the decrease in the energy depth of the quantum wells in the active region.