bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic recognition of flow cytometric phytoplankton functional groups using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Fuchs Robin , Thyssen Melilotus , Creach Véronique , Dugenne Mathilde , Izard Lloyd , Latimier Marie , Louchart Arnaud , Marrec Pierre , Rijkeboer Machteld , Grégori Gérald , Pommeret Denys 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe variability of phytoplankton distribution has been unraveled by high‐frequency measurements. Such a resolution can be approached by automated pulse‐shape recording flow cytometry (AFCM) operating at hourly sampling resolution. AFCM records morphological and physiological traits as single‐cell optical pulse shapes that can be used to classify cells into phytoplankton functional groups (PFGs). However, the associated manual post‐processing of the data coupled with the increasing size and number of datasets is time‐consuming and error‐prone. Machine learning models are increasingly used to run automatic classification. Yet, most of the existing methods either present a long training process, need to manually design features from the raw optical pulse shapes, or are dedicated to images only. In this study, we present a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify several PFGs using AFCM pulse shapes. The uncertainties of manual classification were first estimated by comparing experts' recognition of six PFGs. Consensual particles from the manual PFG classification were used to train and validate the CNN. The CNN obtained competitive performances compared to other models used in the literature and remained robust across several sampling areas, and instrumental hardware and settings. Finally, we assessed the ability of this classifier to predict phytoplankton counts at a Mediterranean coastal station and from a cruise in the South‐West Indian Ocean, providing a comparison with the manual classification over 3‐month periods and a 2h frequency. These promising results strengthen the near real‐time observation of PFGs, especially required with the increasing use of AFCM in monitoring research programs.
Real‐time tissue perfusion assessment using fluorescence imaging topography scanning system: A preclinical investigation
Authors: Quang Tri T. , Wei Chen F. , Walsh Susan A. , Papay Francis A. , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe previously developed a real‐time fluorescence imaging topography scanning (RFITS) system for intraoperative multimodal imaging, image‐guided surgery, and dynamic surgical navigation. The RFITS can capture intraoperative fluorescence, color reflectance, and surface topography concurrently and offers accurate registration of multimodal images. The RFITS prototype is a promising system for multimodal image guidance and intuitive 3D visualization. In the current study, we investigated the capability of the RFITS system in intraoperative fluorescence vascular angiography for real‐time assessment of tissue perfusion.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe conducted ex vivo imaging of fluorescence perfusion in a soft casting life‐sized human brain phantom. Indocyanine green (ICG) solutions diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and human serum were injected into the brain phantom through the vessel simulating tube (2 ± 0.2 mm inner diameter) by an adjustable flow peristaltic pump. To demonstrate the translational potential of the system, an ICG/DMSO solution was perfused into blood vessels of freshly harvested porcine ears (n = 9, inner diameter from 0.56 to 1.27 mm). We subsequently performed in vivo imaging of fluorescence‐perfused vascular structures in rodent models (n = 10). 5 mg/ml ICG solutions prepared in sterile water were injected via the lateral tail vein. All targets were imaged by the RFITS prototype at a working distance of 350−400 mm.Results3D visualization of 10 µg/ml ICG‐labeled continuous moving serum in the brain phantom was obtained at an average signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) of 1.74 ± 0.03. The system was able to detect intravenously diffused fluorescence in porcine tissues with an average SBR of 2.23 ± 0.22. The RFITS prototype provided real‐time monitoring of tissue perfusion in rats after intravenous (IV) administration of ICG. The maximum fluorescence intensity (average SBR = 1.94 ± 0.16, p < 0.001) was observed at Tpeak of ~30 seconds after the ICG signal was first detected (average SBR = 1.19 ± 0.13, p < 0.01).ConclusionsWe have conducted preclinical studies to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the RFITS system in real‐time fluorescence angiography and tissue perfusion assessment. Our system provides fluorescence/color composite images for intuitive visualization of tissue perfusion with 3D perception. The findings pave the way for future clinical translation.
ABC‐Type, Bola‐Form Giant Surfactants: Synthesis and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Yan Xiaojin , Hou Bo , Shao Yu , Xu Yu‐Chun , Li Wei‐Yi , Guo Qing‐Yun , He Jinlin , Ni Peihong , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the fast phase separation kinetics and small feature size, the self‐assembly of giant molecules has attracted lots of attention. However, there is not much study on multicomponent giant surfactants. In this work, through a modular synthetic strategy, different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐based molecular nanoparticles are installed with diverse functionalities (hydrophobic octavinyl POSS (VPOSS), hydrophilic dihydroxyl‐functionalized POSS (DPOSS), and omniphobic perfluoroalkyl‐chain‐functionalized POSS (FPOSS)) on the ends of one polystyrene (PS) chain to build up a series of triblock bola‐form giant surfactants denoted as XPOSS–PSn–FPOSS (X represents V or D). The target molecules are prepared by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), esterification, as well as Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and thiol–ene “click” reactions. These macromolecules are thoroughly characterized by combined technologies including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) analyses. It is revealed by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that VPOSS–PSn–FPOSS adopts a two‐phase separation scenario where VPOSS and POSS are segregated in one phase. DPOSS–PSn–FPOSS with a third hydrophilic DPOSS shows a three‐phase separation scenario, where highly ordered phase structures are difficult to develop owing to the competition of mutual phase separation processes and may be trapped in kinetically metastable states.
Morphologically Tunable Supramolecular Rectangular Microsheet and Microsaw Constructed by Hierarchical Self‐Assembly Based on Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Li Heng , Han Liang , Li Qing , Wang Hengtao , Fernández‐Trillo Paco , Tian Leilei , He Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn amino acid derivative, thiophene (TDAV), as new building blocks for 2D supramolecular assembly is designed. Various square and rectangular microsheets are achieved and the aspect ratios are precisely regulated by controlling the polarity of cosolvent or water content. By the introduction of chirality, the novel microsaw is also achieved. It provides a new approach to prepare various kinds of unique supramolecular 2D materials with controllable shapes and sizes for future biological applications.
Reproducing kernel representation of the solution of second order linear three‐point boundary value problem
Authors: Bai Hongfang , Leong Ieng Tak , Dang Pei 
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the analytical solutions and numerical solutions of second order linear boundary value problems with three‐point boundary conditions by means of the weak pre‐orthogonal adaptive Fourier decomposition (W‐POAFD) method introduced by Qian et al. Using the reproducing kernel functions of the Sobolev spaces on the unit interval
, we construct a dictionary to implement the W‐POAFD. Based on orthonormalizataion, we can select the crucial parameters successively by adopting the weak maximal selection strategy of the W‐POAFD method. Then the numerical solutions have “sparse” representations, which converge to the analytic solution with fast convergence rate. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the high accuracy and efficiency of the W‐POAFD method in this three‐point boundary value problem.
Preweaning performance in intrauterine growth‐restricted piglets: Characteristics and interventions
Authors: Van Ginneken Chris , Ayuso Miriam , Van Bockstal Lieselotte , Van Cruchten Steven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is frequently observed in pig production, especially when using highly prolific sows. IUGR piglets are born with low body weight and shape indicative of differences in organ growth. Insufficient uteroplacental nutrient transfer to the fetuses is the leading cause of growth restriction in the pig. Supplementing the sow's gestation diet with arginine and/or glutamine improves placenta growth and functionality and consequently is able to reduce IUGR incidence. IUGR piglets are at higher risk of dying preweaning and face higher morbidity than their normal‐weight littermates. A high level of surveillance during farrowing and individual nutrient supplementation can reduce the mortality rates. Still, these do not reverse the long‐term consequences of IUGR, which are induced by persistent structural deficits in different organs. Dietary interventions peri‐weaning can optimize performance but these are less effective in combating the metabolic changes that occurred in IUGR, which affect reproductive performance later in life. IUGR piglets share many similarities with IUGR infants, such as a poorer outcome of males. Using the IUGR piglet as an animal model to further explore the structural and molecular basis of the long‐term consequences of IUGR and the potential sex bias could aid in fully understanding the impact of prenatal undernutrition and finding solutions for both species and sexes.
Safety and efficacy of Yupingfeng granules in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Xu Baoping , Li Xinmin , Hu Siyuan , Bao Yixiao , Chen Fengmei , Chen Zhimin , Du Yonggang , Liu Enmei , Liu Yufeng , Mou Qinghui , Su Baoling , Wang Bo , Xu Jianwen , Xu Guiping , Yang Qiaozhi , Gao Liwei , Liu Xiaohui , Li Lei , Ma Rong , Shen Kunling 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTImportanceRecurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) is common in children. Inappropriate RRTI treatment will lead to asthma and other diseases, thereby seriously affecting the growth and physical health of children. Immune function modulation can prevent and alleviate childhood RRTI. Yupingfeng (YPF), a patented traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has immunomodulatory effects and is widely used in China to treat children with RRTI.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of YPF monotherapy in treating children with RRTI.MethodsThis multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, double‐simulation, noninferiority clinical trial was conducted from January 2015 to August 2017, with an 8‐week treatment period and 52‐week follow‐up after the drug withdrawal. Children aged 2–6 years with RRTI meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in 13 hospitals in China and divided randomly into three groups (2:2:1 ratio) to receive YPF, pidotimod, or placebo. The primary outcome was the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level during the follow‐up. The secondary outcomes were reduction in the number of RRTI recurrences, effect on clinical symptoms (in accord with TCM practice), effect per symptom, and safety. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) under the unique identifier ChiCTR‐IPR‐15006847.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐one children were enrolled and randomly assigned to 3 groups; 124, 125, and 61 children in the YPF, pidotimod, and placebo groups, respectively, had completed the trial. During the follow‐up, the proportion of RRTI returning to normal standard level was 73.13%, 67.15%, and 38.81% with YPF, pidotimod, and placebo, respectively (P < 0.0001). The proportion of cases who returned to normal standard level in the YPF group was 34.32% higher than that in the placebo group. The safety profile did not significantly differ among the groups.InterpretationYPF granules were noninferior to the active control drug pidotimod oral solution for the treatment of RRTI in children, and were superior to placebo, with a high safety profile.
Recent developments in data acquisition, treatment and analysis with ion mobility‐mass spectrometry for lipidomics
Authors: Moran‐Garrido María , Camunas‐Alberca Sandra. M. , Gil‐de‐la Fuente Alberto , Mariscal Antonio , Gradillas Ana , Barbas Coral , Sáiz Jorge 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLipids are involved in many biological processes and their study is constantly increasing. To identify a lipid among thousand requires of reliable methods and techniques. Ion Mobility (IM) can be coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) to increase analytical selectivity in lipid analysis of lipids. IM‐MS has experienced an enormous development in several aspects, including instrumentation, sensitivity, amount of information collected and lipid identification capabilities. This review summarizes the latest developments in IM‐MS analyses for lipidomics and focuses on the current acquisition modes in IM‐MS, the approaches for the pre‐treatment of the acquired data and the subsequent data analysis. Methods and tools for the calculation of Collision Cross Section (CCS) values of analytes are also reviewed. CCS values are commonly studied to support the identification of lipids, providing a quasi‐orthogonal property that increases the confidence level in the annotation of compounds and can be matched in CCS databases. The information contained in this review might be of help to new users of IM‐MS to decide the adequate instrumentation and software to perform IM‐MS experiments for lipid analyses, but also for other experienced researchers that can reconsider their routines and protocols.
Prediction of weaning readiness off nasal CPAP in preterm infants using point‐of‐care lung ultrasound
Authors: Abdelmawla Mohamed , Seleem Wail , Farooqui Mansoor , Eltayeb Abdulla , Elsayed Yasser 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study's primary aim was to assess whether end‐expiratory lung ultrasound severity score (expLUSsc) at Day 3 of life, the second week of life, and before weaning off nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) can predict the weaning readiness off nCPAP trial in preterm infants. The secondary aim was to evaluate the value of adding lung tidal recruitment (LTR) to expLUSsc (expLUSsc‐plus‐LTR) to improve predictability. We conducted a prospective study on premature infants <33 weeks of gestation. Point‐of‐care lung ultrasound (POC‐LUS) was performed on Day 3, the second week of life, before and after the trial off nCPAP. expLUSsc, pleural thickness, and LTR were assessed. A receiver operator curve was constructed to evaluate the ability of POC‐LUS to predict the weaning readiness off nCPAP. A total of 148 studies were performed on 39 infants, of them 12 weaned off nCPAP from the first trial and 27 infants failed attempts off nCPAP. An expLUSsc cut‐off 8 before the first trial of weaning off nCPAP has a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 90%, and positive and negative predictive values of 87% and 92%, respectively, with area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 (CI: 0.8–0.93), p < .0001. If LTR is added to an expLUSsc cut‐off 8 (expLUSsc‐plus‐LTR) before the first trial of weaning, then sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, and positive and negative predictive values of 88% and 90%, respectively, with AUC was 0.95 (CI: 0.91–0.99), p < .0001. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the ability of POC‐LUS to predict the weaning readiness off nCPAP in premature infants. The use of this simple bedside noninvasive test can potentially avoid the exposure of premature infants to multiple unsuccessful weaning cycles.
The impact of genetic aberrations on response to radium‐223 treatment for castration‐resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases
Authors: Liu Alex J. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Ueberroth Benjamin E. , Jaeger Ellen , Ledet Elisa , Kendi Ayse T. , Tzou Katherine , Quevedo Fernando , Choo Richard , Moore Cassandra N. , Ho Thai H. , Singh Parminder , Keole Sameer R. , Wong William W. , Sartor Oliver , Bryce Alan H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadium (Ra)‐223 is an established treatment option for patients with metastatic castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have symptomatic bone metastases without soft tissue disease. Studies have indicated genetic aberrations that regulate DNA damage response (DDR) in prostate cancer can increase susceptibility to treatments such as poly ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitors and platinum‐based therapies. This study aims to evaluate mCRPC response to Ra‐223 stratified by tumor genomics.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of mCRPC patients who received Ra‐223 and genetic testing within the Mayo Clinic database (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) and Tulane Cancer Center. Patient demographics, genetic aberrations, treatment responses in terms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and survival were assessed. Primary end points were ALP and PSA response. Secondary end points were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from time of first radium treatment.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐seven mCRPC patients treated with Ra‐223 had germline and/or somatic genetic sequencing. The median age at time of diagnosis and Ra‐223 treatment was 61.0 and 68.6 years, respectively. Seventy‐nine (62.2%) had Gleason score ≥ 8 at time of diagnosis. 50.4% received prior docetaxel, and 12.6% received prior cabazitaxel. Notable alterations include TP53 (51.7%), BRCA 1/2 (15.0%), PTEN (13.4%), ATM (11.7%), TMPRSS2‐ERG (8.2%), RB deletion (3.4%), and CDK12 (1.9%). There was no significant difference in ALP or PSA response among the different genetic aberrations. Patients with a TMPRSS2‐ERG mutation exhibited a trend toward lower OS 15.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0−NR) versus 26.8 months (95% CI 20.9−35.1). Patients with an RB deletion had a lower PFS 6.0 months (95% CI 1.28−NR) versus 9.0 months (95% CI 7.3−11.1) and a lower OS 13.9 months (95% CI 5.2−NR) versus 26.5 months (95% CI 19.8−33.8).ConclusionsAmong mCRPC patients treated with Ra‐223 at Mayo Clinic and Tulane Cancer Center, we did not find any clear negative predictors of biochemical response or survival to treatment. TMPRSS2‐ERG and RB mutations were associated with a worse OS. Prospective studies and larger sample sizes are needed to determine the impact of genetic aberrations in response to Ra‐223.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Flexible Fe‐Doped Polyaniline/Dye‐Functionalized Carbon Felt Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Yazar Sibel , Arvas Melih Besir , Sahin Yucel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, Fe‐doped polyaniline/dye‐functional composite modified carbon felt electrode was synthesized using hydrothermal method and a supercapacitor exhibiting 1.5 V was obtained with 3.0 M KCl aqueous electrolyte. In order to improve supercapacitor performance easily and effectively, the effect of Lanaset Green B (LGB) acidic dye concentration on supercapacitor performance in polyaniline polymerization was investigated. Electrochemical, morphological and structural characterizations of the synthesized electrodes (CFt/Fe‐PANI/LGB) were carried out. The results showed that the capacitance increases due to the strong interaction of functional groups between PANI and dye molecules and improves the properties of pseudocapacitive supercapacitors by providing potential redox materials. The CFt/Fe‐PANI/LGB(3 mM) electrode displayed a high specific capacitance of 1543 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 in half‐cell electrode system. In full‐cell, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor has a maximum energy density of 32.7 Wh kg−1 and power density of 1250 W kg−1. The supercapacitor electrode and symmetric supercapacitor display retention of capacitance performances 82.3 % and 78.8 % after 2400 and 5000 cycles in 3.0 KCl electrolyte, respectively. CFt/Fe‐PANI/LGB(3 mM), flexible, wearable carbon felt electrode material and improved redox behavior of the polymer material play an important role for textile electronics applications.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Studies of 4H‐Benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐one Derivatives and Their Uses in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Mohareb Rafat Milad , Mohamed Abeer Abdelazeem , Ibrahim Rehab A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract2‐(4‐Oxo‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐2‐yl)acetonitrile (4) was synthesized through the reaction of anthranilic acid with ethyl cyanoacetate. The reactivity of the latter product toward chemical reagents was studied to produce coumarin, ylidene, thiophene, thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine, thiazole and pyrazole derivatives. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against three cancer cell lines namely HEPG2, HONE1 and MCF and normal cell line W138. The most active compounds 4, 6, 8 b, 12, 14, 16, 18 a, 18 b, 19, 21, 23 a, 23 b, 27 a, 27 b, 29 b, 31, 33 b, 36, 38 c and 39 b were further evaluated toward c‐Met kinase inhibitions. Overall results of inhibition toward the cancer cell lines showed that most of the tested compounds have high potent effect. The obtained results of c‐Met kinase inhibitions showed that all tested compounds gave high inhibitions. The results obtained through this work encourage us for future work using benzo[d]oxazine derivatives to produce target molecules as anticancer agents. Molecular docking of compounds 4, 6 and 16 were performed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biotene: A New 2D Natural Oxide From Biotite
Authors: Mahapatra Preeti Lata , Tromer Raphael , Pandey Prafull , Costin Gelu , Lahiri Basudev , Chattopadhyay Kamanio , P. M. Ajayan , Roy Ajit K. , Galvao Douglas S. , Kumbhakar Partha , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis and characterization of ultrathin metal oxide, called biotene, using liquid‐phase exfoliation from naturally abundant biotite are demonstrated. The atomically thin biotene is used for energy harvesting using its flexoelectric response under multiple bending. The effective flexoelectric response increases due to the presence of surface charges, and the voltage increases up to ≈8 V, with a high mechano‐sensitivity of 0.79 V N−1 for normal force. This flexoelectric response is further validated by density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The atomically thin biotene shows an increased response in the magnetic field and thermal heating. The synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐oxide biotene suggests a wealth of future 2D‐oxide material for energy generation and energy harvesting applications.