bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FEED1 trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of full milk feeds versus intravenous fluids with gradual feeding for preterm infants (30–33 weeks gestational age)
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor J. , Meakin Garry , Anderson Josie , Dorling Jon , Gale Chris , Haines Rachel , Kenyan Charlotte , Johnson Mark J. , McGuire William , Mistry Hema , Montgomery Alan , Oddie Sam , Ogollah Reuben , Pallotti Phoebe , Partlett Christopher , Walker Kate F. , Ojha Shalini 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In the UK, approximately 8% of live births are preterm (before 37 weeks gestation), more than 90% of whom are born between 30 and 36 weeks, forming the largest proportion of a neonatal units’ workload. Neonatologists are cautious in initiating full milk feeds for preterm infants due to fears of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). There is now evidence to dispute this fear. Small studies have shown that feeding preterm infants full milk feeds enterally from birth could result in a shorter length of hospital stay, which is important to parents, clinicians and NHS services without increasing the risk of NEC. This trial aims to investigate whether full milk feeds initiated in the first 24 h after birth reduces the length of hospital stay in comparison to introduction of gradual milk feeding with IV fluids or parenteral nutrition.

Methods
FEED1 is a multi-centre, open, parallel group, randomised, controlled superiority trial of full milk feeds initiated on the day of birth versus gradual milk feeds for infants born at 30+0 to 32+6 (inclusive) weeks gestation. Recruitment will take place in around 40 UK neonatal units. Mothers will be randomised 1:1 to full milk feeds, starting at 60 ml/kg day, or gradual feeds, as per usual local practice. Mother’s expressed breast milk will always be the first choice of milk, though will likely be supplemented with formula or donor breast milk in the first few days. Feeding data will be collected until full milk feeds are achieved (≥ 140 ml/kg/day for 3 consecutive days). The primary outcome is length of infant hospital stay. Additional data will be collected 6 weeks post-discharge. Follow-up at 2 years (corrected gestational age) is planned. The sample size is 2088 infants to detect a between group difference in length of stay of 2 days. Accounting for multiple births, this requires 1700 women to be recruited. Primary analysis will compare the length of hospital stay between groups, adjusting for minimisation variables and accounting for multiple births.

Discussion
This trial will provide high-quality evidence on feeding practices for preterm infants. Full milk feeds from day of birth could result in infants being discharged sooner.

Trial registration
ISRCTN ISRCTN89654042. Prospectively registered on 23 September 2019: ISRCTN is a primary registry of the WHO ICTRP network, and all items from the WHO Trial Registration dataset are included.
No molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in the blood of patients with erythema migrans in Belgium
Authors: Geebelen Laurence , Lernout Tinne , Tersago Katrien , Terryn Sanne , Hovius Joppe W. , Docters van Leeuwen Arieke , Van Gucht Steven , Speybroeck Niko , Sprong Hein 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
A number of tick-borne pathogens circulate in the Belgian tick population in addition to the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis. However, so far, only a few patients with tick-borne diseases other than Lyme borreliosis have been reported in Belgium. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of other human tick-borne infections in Belgium and their possible clinical manifestation.

Methods
Patients with fever (> 37.5 °C) after a tick bite or those with erythema migrans (EM) were included in the study. EDTA-blood samples were screened for the presence of DNA from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, spotted fever group rickettsiae (genus Rickettsia), Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Spiroplasma ixodetis and tick-borne encephalitis virus, using multiplex PCR methods. A questionnaire on, among others, demographics and clinical symptoms, was also filled in.

Results
Over a period of 3 years, 119 patients with EM and 14 patients with fever after a recent tick bite were enrolled in the study. Three samples initially tested positive for N. mikurensis by quantitative PCR (qPCR), but the results could not be confirmed by other PCR methods, and repetition of the DNA extraction procedure and qPCR test was not successful. The qPCR test results for the other tick-borne pathogens were negative.

Conclusions
In general, only a few patients with fever after a tick bite could be identified. Although no tick-borne pathogens were detected, their occurrence cannot be excluded based on the limited number of patients and the limitations inherent to current methodologies. This study underscores the possibility of false-positive PCR results and the necessity for the development of multiple independent tools for the sensitive and specific detection of emerging tick-borne pathogens.

Graphical Abstract
Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reaction among health professionals in Ghana
Authors: Asiamah Morrison , Akuffo Kwadwo Owusu , Nortey Pricillia , Donkor Nina , Danso-Appiah Anthony 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADR) is an effective means of ensuring postmarketing surveillance of drugs, and health professionals play a cardinal role through voluntary reporting of ADR. However, the pharmacovigilance system in Ghana is plagued with under-reporting issues, which is of public health concern.

Method
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study involving 268 health professionals at Kpone-Katamanso District was carried out. Data on spontaneous reporting of ADR, demographics of participants, knowledge, and attitudes of professionals towards reporting and factors that may influence ADR reporting were collected. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of the independent variables with spontaneous reporting of ADR.

Result
Overall, 77.6% (208) of the 268 respondents had observed ADR; however, only 17.3% of the respondents had ever reported an ADR to the Ghana FDA. Health professionals who had average knowledge on spontaneous reporting of ADR were 51.9%, while 30.3% had good knowledge of spontaneous reporting of ADR. After adjustment on potential confounding variables (Knowledge, Feedback from FDA, Uncertainty about cause of ADR, Severity of ADR), Age (AOR = 2.26, 95%CI = 1.25–4.10), Fear of Legal Consequences (AOR = 0.15, 95%CI = 0.41–0.51), Time Constraint (AOR = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.10–0.91), Pharmacovigilance training (AOR = 18.78, 95%CI = 5.46–64.59) and Unavailability of Reporting form (AOR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.09–0.88) were found to be significantly associated spontaneous reporting of ADR.

Conclusion
The proportion of health professionals in the Kpone- Katamanso District who spontaneously reported observed ADR was low though they had average knowledge about ADR reporting. This underscores the need for a policy to be implemented that makes spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reaction mandatory for health professionals.
Isoenergetic-practical and semi-purified diets for protein requirement determination in Hermetia illucens larvae: consequences on life history traits
Authors: Bellezza Oddon Sara , Biasato Ilaria , Gasco Laura 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Black soldier fly (BSF) is one of the most promising species for the intensive breeding of insects given its adaptability and its efficiency in the conversion of waste. To maximize the production and use waste as substrates, it is essential to determine the larvae nutritional requirements. The study aims to evaluate the effects of 5 practical, semi-purified and isoenergetic diets (PSPID) with increasing protein levels (10%, CP10; 14%, CP14; 16%, CP16; 19%, CP19) on BSF life history traits. A total of 2000 six-day-old larvae were weighed and divided into groups of 100 (4 replicates/treatment [PSPID and Gainesville diet (GA) used as environmental control]). In larva-prepupa stage, sampling was carried out on 30 individuals/replicate, while in prepupa-adult stage on 35.

Results
In the whole larval stage, the CP16 treatment performed better when compared to the other groups. At 18 days old, the CP14 treatment showed a higher weight than the CP19 (P < 0.01), while the CP10 and CP16 weights were intermediate. On the contrary, the CP10 prepupae weight was higher than the CP19 (P < 0.01). The CP10 and CP14 pupae performed better in terms of weight when compared to the others (P < 0.01). The dietary treatments did not affect the adult parameters. The sex significantly influenced both the exuvia weight, which was the greatest in females (P < 0.001), and the fly lifespan, longest in males (P < 0.05). Fly lifespan was also influenced by the interaction between treatment and sex, with the CP19 females showing a longer life than the others (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
In conclusion, the optimal protein level considering the whole larval stage is 16% on dry matter (DM). At 18 days old, looking at the size intended for the meal production, it can be considered 14% on DM. The result obtained on adult emergence in PSPID may not be attributable to the protein content. Further researches on macronutrients requirements determination have to be conducted to evaluate the substrates composition effects on BSF life history traits.
Management of a medical entity based on models of competitiveness of enterprises on the example of Corten Medic Medical Center
Authors: Sikora Agnieszka , Sikora Tomasz , Bogdan Magdalena 
Published: January 2022

Competitiveness of a company is one the most crucial determinates in the managing process which is independent of the sector of the economy. This issue is distinctively complex in the health care sector, for the specificity of the service it provides – saving lives and good health of patients. Therefore, the healthcare sector of the economy, the mechanisms, and processes that it undergoes are specific and different from other free market sector. This specificity also refers to competitiveness aspect in the health care sector.
The aim of the research was primary analysis of competitiveness factors and determinants in the health care sector. A proper overview of potential enterprise competitiveness models has also been carried out, which could be implemented in managing of health care unites.
With accordance to the presented analysis of the available models, cause and effect model competitiveness model has been chosen to analyse and asses CM Corten Medic health care unit’s competitiveness potential.
The role of professionals and service providers in supporting sexuality and intimacy in later life: theoretical and practice perspectives
Authors: Hafford-Letchfield Trish 
Published: January 2022

The transformation of intimacy and sexuality within care institutions is challenging established views about ageing. This chapter draws on scholarship from both sexuality and workforce development on how health and social care providers have yet to respond to the growing empirical evidence on what contributes a meaningful life for older care recipients in relation to their sexuality, sexual identities and meeting sexual needs. It is argued that there is an urgent need to transcend established views about the role of all professionals involved in the provision of care to people in later life and to recognise new opportunities for responding to the complexity of sexuality in such contexts. This involves developing and promoting professional practice on theoretical and empirical standpoints that are inclusive of older people’s own voices. This chapter provides example of how we might recognise the complexity of older peoples’ relationship situations. These involve making spaces within assessment and the provision of care to enable information and support to be available and to recognise different relationships and creating conditions for them to flourish. It calls for engaging with sexuality as a topic within professional education, care practices and evaluation of services and working towards a culturally-competent, enquiring and authentic approach to workforce development.
Metropolization Processes and Intra-Regional Contrasts: The Uneven Fortunes of English Secondary Cities
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigo , Meijers Evert 
Published: January 2022

As urbanization spreads across territories, interdependencies between the cities composing a city-region fuel a process of functional and spatial integration labelled as metropolisation. This chapter discusses metropolisation to determine whether secondary cities can benefit from that process. Focusing on the case of England, the study assesses 64 secondary cities in eight city-regions on their potential to engage with metropolisation, situating them in four quadrants of a functions-demography matrix. Results point to a variegated landscape of secondary cities with contrasting features regarding (1) the structure and size of the city-region; (2) local spatial-environmental factors; (3) demographic profile; (4) functional performance; (5) population growth; and (6) transport connectivity. The chapter concludes with a discussion of incentives and deterrents to metropolisation typical of each quadrant to show the need for governance and planning to adopt a model of metropolitan development that stimulates integration in ways that serve the interests of secondary cities.
Serological evaluation of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 in Daegu, South Korea
Authors: Park Sunggyun , Chang Soon Hee , Lee Jae Hee , Lee Jong Ho , Ham Ji Yeon , Kim Yu Kyung , Kim Sang-Gyung , Ryoo Nam Hee 
Published: January 2022

Background
Early and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to prevent spread of the infection. Understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is insufficient, particularly in relation to those whose responses persist for more than 1 month after the onset of symptoms. We conducted a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test to identify factors affecting the serological response and to evaluate its diagnostic utility in patients with COVID-19.

Methods and finding
We collected 1,048 residual serum samples from 396 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. The samples had been used for routine admission tests in six healthcare institutions in Daegu. Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed and the cutoff index (COI) was calculated for quantitative analysis. The patients’ information was reviewed to evaluate the relationship between antibody positivity and clinical characteristics. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rate was 85% and the average COI was 24·3. The positivity rate and COI increased with time elapsed since symptom onset. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody persisted for at least 13 weeks after symptom onset at a high COI. There was a significant difference in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rate between patients with and without symptoms, but not according to sex or disease course. The descending COI pattern at weeks 1 to 5 after symptom onset was significantly more frequent in patients who died than in those who recovered.

Conclusions
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody persisted for at least 13 weeks at a high COI in patients with COVID-19. A decreasing COI pattern up to fifth week may be associated with a poor prognosis of COVID-19. As new treatments and vaccines are introduced, it is important to monitor continuously the usefulness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.
Sex hormones, adiposity, and metabolic traits in men and women: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Loh Nellie Y , Humphreys Edward , Karpe Fredrik , Tomlinson Jeremy W , Noordam Raymond , Christodoulides Constantinos 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted important roles for sex hormones in the regulation of fat distribution and systemic metabolism. We investigated the bidirectional associations between bioavailable serum testosterone (BioT) in both sexes and oestradiol (E2) in men and adiposity and metabolic traits using Mendelian randomisation (MR).

Design and Methods
As genetic instruments for sex hormones, we selected all the genome-wide significant, independent signals from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in up to 425 097 European ancestry UK Biobank participants. European population-specific, summary-level data for adiposity, metabolic, and blood pressure traits were obtained from the largest publicly available GWAS. Sex-specific, two-sample MR analyses were used to estimate the associations of sex hormones with these traits and vice versa.

Results
In women, higher BioT was associated with obesity, upper-body fat distribution, and low HDL-cholesterol although, based on analyses modelling the sex hormone-binding globulin-independent effects of BioT, the last two associations might be indirect. Conversely, obesity and android fat distribution were associated with elevated serum BioT. In men, higher BioT was associated with lower hip circumference and lower fasting glucose. Reciprocally, obesity was associated with lower BioT and higher E2, while upper-body fat distribution and raised triglycerides were associated with lower E2.

Conclusions
Adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction are associated with deranged sex hormone levels in both sexes. In women, elevated BioT might be a cause of obesity. Conversely, in men, higher BioT appears to have beneficial effects on adiposity and glucose metabolism.
PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 MELALUI PROMOSI KESEHATAN
Authors: Mulyani Sri 
Published: January 2022

<p><strong>Latar belakang</strong> : Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah mengumumkan kasus corona covid-19 mencapai 12 kasus per tanggal 20 Maret 2020. Kabupaten Klaten adalah salah satu Kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang salah satunya terkena dampak KLB COVID-19. Pemerintah Kabupaten Klaten sudah mengambil langkah yang terbaik dalam pencegahan, setelah ada satu warganya yang terkonfirmasi positif korona dan ditetapkan sebagai KLB. Penetapan status KLB ini diikuti dengan himbauan Pemerintah Kabupaten Klaten agar masyarakat tidak takut dan tidak panik, tetap menerapkan prinsip PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat) sehingga masyarakat akan tetap aman. Pemerintah Kabupaten Klaten juga meminta agar warganya yang berada di luar wilayah Klaten untuk sementara tidak kembali ke Klaten terlebih dahulu atau biasa digunakan istilah untuk tidak mudik.</p><p><strong>Metodologi:</strong> Pengabdian ini Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Kalikotes Kabupaten Klaten, Metode yang digunakan secara daring dengan menggunakan kuesioner pre dan post test dan media edukasi berupa video dan gambar seputar covid-19. Kuesioner dibuat berdasarkan analisis masalah yang dikaji dengan metode PAHO, dan link disebarkan melalui tokoh masyarakat. analisis menggunakan deskriptif presentase dan uji t serta analisis Wilcoxon.</p><p><strong>Hasil dan diskusi</strong> : Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,000 &lt; 0,05 sehingga menandakan adanya perbedaan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi berupa sosialisasi HATMA SEMAR. Pengetahuan yang dimiliki seseorang atau kelompok atau budaya tertentu yang dihasilkan dari semua proses, baik bawaan dari lahir maupun yang didapatkan melalui pengalaman. Pengetahuan adalah faktor penentu untuk bertindak</p><p>Kata Kunci: : Covid-19, Promosi Kesehatan, Pencegahan</p>
Literatur Review: Persepsi Lansia Perokok Aktif Terhadap Media Promosi Kesehatan
Authors: Mareta Sendy Martha , Handayani Lina 
Published: January 2022

<p><strong>Background</strong>: At a vulnerable age they continue to smoke, if they do not apply PHBS (Healthy and Clean Living Behavior), the degree of health in the elderly will decrease and the diseases caused by cigarettes will increase. To overcome this, health promotion is needed to increase elderly knowledge of the negative impact of cigarettes, substances contained in cigarettes, and change the mindset of the elderly about cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Destination: </strong>The purpose of this review literature is to analyze various perceptions of elderly active smokers about health promotion media.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used the method is literature review. The method used in searching research journal articles is google scholar and garuda database. Keywords which used are “<em>M</em><em>edia </em><em>p</em><em>romkes</em>”, “<em>P</em><em>recepts </em><em>A</em><em>ctive </em><em>S</em><em>mokers</em>” and “<em>P</em><em>romkes</em>”. We found 15 research journal articles with the year published from 2016 to 2021. At the time of the search process the research journal article authors found 21 research journal articles. Filtering is based on the suitability of topics, research methods, and the results of each journal article research.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Most indonesian people when looking at health promotion media in the form of images warning of the dangers of smoking arise various perceptions. As they perceived the image was just an engineering one, they perceived that the image was disgusting and frightening, and the picture warning of the dangers of smoking was not large enough.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Electronic health promotion media such as, video on the dangers of smoking, short films on the dangers of smoking, true stories of former people with throat cancer, etc. are more effective than visual health promotion media in suppressing the percentage of smokers in Indonesia</p>
Counseling on Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) In Adolescents
Authors: Yunita Fresthy Astrika , - Hardiningsih - , Yuneta Agus Eka Nurma 
Published: January 2022

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is the most common health problem reported by adolescents. The main contributing factors of PMS are due to the imbalance of work of the hormones estrogen and progesterone’s as well as changes in serotonin levels. Approximately 30-80% of women experience mood or somatic disorders (or both) that occur during the menstrual cycle. The WHO (World Health Organization) report explains that PMS symptoms are experienced in 65.7 of young women. Due to lack of knowledge can decrease the quality of life of adolescents. So the knowledge about PMS is needed for young women to be ready to face the PMS.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Improving young women's knowledge of PMS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The provision of PMS material was done by lecture method and leaflet giving. The object of devotion was young women. Before the counseling being given, young women took pre-tests, later conducted post-tests to evaluate the knowledge related to PMS.</p><p> <strong>Result: </strong>Counseling on PMS had been conducted. There was an increased in young women's knowledge of Premenstrual Syndrome. T-test results obtained significance value of 0.000 (<em>p</em>&lt;0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and Suggestions: </strong>Counseling has a positive effect on young women's knowledge, especially about PMS. <em>Pkd Wonorejo</em> midwives should be able to provide regular counseling for young women. For the young women, after the counseling obtained results that can increase knowledge about PMS thus that it is expected to be better prepared to face the PMS</p><p> </p>