bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of Vitamin D Metabolism and Hip and Vertebral Fracture Risk: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hsu Simon , Criqui Michael H. , Ginsberg Charles , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Ix Joachim H. , McClelland Robyn L. , Michos Erin D. , Shea Steven J. , Siscovick David , Zelnick Leila R. , Kestenbaum Bryan R. , de Boer Ian H. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTStudies on associations between biomarkers of vitamin D metabolism and fracture risk have focused predominantly on White or elderly populations and may not be generalizable to relatively healthy multiethnic populations. We tested associations of total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), the ratio of 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 to 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D metabolite ratio, VDMR), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) concentrations measured in serum with risk of hip and vertebral fractures in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The study cohort of 6466 participants was without clinically apparent cardiovascular disease and was 39% White, 27% Black, 22% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese. The mean age was 62 years, and 53% were female. There were 128 hip and vertebral fractures over a mean follow‐up of 14.2 years. 25(OH)D, the VDMR, PTH, and FGF‐23 were not significantly associated with fracture risk after adjustment for demographics, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, medication use, albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Principal component analysis did not suggest differences in linear combinations of 25(OH)D, the VDMR, PTH, and FGF‐23 between participants who experienced fractures and those who did not. We did not observe significant interaction between race and ethnicity and any biomarker of vitamin D metabolism on fracture risk. In conclusion, none of the four serum biomarkers of vitamin D metabolism investigated showed a significant association with fracture risk in relatively healthy multiethnic populations. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Tracking down the recent surge of polio virus in endemic and outbreak countries
Authors: Malik Shiza , Waheed Yasir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContinuous and progressive efforts are being made globally to eradicate the incidence of poliovirus. The detrimental nature of polio calls for action of global vaccination. Owing to large‐scale vaccination efforts, many countries have been declared polio‐free and people are fully vaccinated against poliovirus. However, concern still remains as new cases are being identified in countries declared polio‐free. This scenario is particularly noticed due to the comprised healthcare system in the past 3 years of the Corona pandemic. Conditions for lower‐middle‐income countries are more problematic, where there are meager healthcare resources and the burden on the healthcare system is higher. Studies indicate some cases of non‐paralytic species of polio including cVDPV1, cVDPV2, and cVDPV3 in the group of outbreak countries. However, the major problem is associated with wild‐type poliovirus, that is, WPV1 which leads to paralytic disease and is still present in endemic countries, such as Afghanistan and Pakistan. The incidence rate of wild polio cases has significantly decreased in comparison to the past years but the problem needs to be dealt with at the grass‐roots level. In this article, the most recent data have been collected pertaining to the incidence of multivariant species of poliovirus, with a special focus on endemic and outbreak countries. A short overview of challenges to vaccination and a recommendatory overview has also been included for dealing with polio surges.
How certain are El Niño–Southern Oscillation frequency changes in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models?
Authors: Fix Fiona , Buehler Stefan A. , Lunkeit Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important modes of climate variability on interannual timescales. We aim to find out whether a change in ENSO frequency can be predicted for the nearer future. We analyse the unforced pre‐industrial control run and the forced 1%/year CO2 increase run for an ensemble of 43 general circulation models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). We assume that the uncertainty of ENSO frequency trend estimates from an ensemble is caused by apparent trends as well as model differences. The part of the uncertainty caused by apparent trends is estimated from the pre‐industrial control simulations. As a measure for ENSO frequency, we use the number of El Niño‐ and La Niña‐like months in a moving 30‐year time window. Its linear decadal trend is calculated for every member. The multimember mean of the trend for both experiments is less than 0.7 events per decade. Given that the standard error is of the same order of magnitude, we consider this a negligible trend. The uncertainties are large in both experiments and we can attribute most of the intermember variability to apparent trends due to natural variability rather than different model reactions to CO2 forcing. This means that the impact of intermodel differences might have been overstated in previous studies. Apparent trends make it very difficult to make reliable predictions of changes in ENSO frequency based on 120‐year time series.
ARHGAP44 expression is associated with the metastasis of osteosarcoma and is a promising prognostic biomarker
Authors: Hu Shouchao , Wang Wenzhi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most domain primary malignant bone tumor. Treatment resistances and metastases result in a decreasing 5‐year overall survival rate of OS. However, Rho GTPase‐activating protein 44 (ARHGAP44) has not been well studied in OS. The OS patient data were obtained from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. We utilized Survival and Survminer package for survival analysis based on Kaplan–Meier method. The association between ARHGAP44 expression with the prognosis of OS was determined by Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were conducted to validate the results. Gene set enrichment analysis was done to find significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The OS sample ARHGAP44 expression level was significantly higher than that in normal samples, which was validated in cell lines. High ARHGAP44 expression was associated with metastasis of OS. The OS patients with high ARHGAP44 expression had worse prognosis compared with low ARHGAP44 expression OS patients. In total, 10 KEGG pathways significantly activated in high ARHGAP44 expression OS patients, such as Hedgehog signaling pathway, Steroid biosynthesis, and so on. In summary, high ARHGAP44 expression was closely correlated with the metastasis and poor prognosis of OS. ARHGAP44 was a potential prognostic biomarker for OS.
Characterization of proteases from Irpex lacteus grown on minimally denatured soybean meal
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxu , Hua Yufei , Kong Xiangzhen , Li Xingfei , Chen Yeming , Zhang Caimeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcid and thermal stabilities are important properties for the preparation of acidic protein beverage. It is an important method for enzymatic modification to improve the functional properties of protein. Irpex lacteus protease showed a selective hydrolysis to soy proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis and its effects on acid and thermal stabilities of soy proteins.RESULTSThe I. lacteus protease selectively hydrolyzed the α and α′ subunits of the native soybean β‐conglycinin (7S globulin) to produce products that presented as the 55 kDa band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid sequences of 55 kDa polypeptides were analyzed in gel multi‐enzyme digestion followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. By matching the multi‐enzyme digestion peptides with the published polypeptide chain sequences of the α and α′ subunits, it was confirmed that the 55 kDa polypeptides were formed by eliminating amino acid residues on both sides of the N‑ and C‐terminals. From the published protein structure database (https://www.uniprot.org/), it is known that the cleaved peptide bonds were in extension regions. Non‐selective enzyme hydrolysis of both β‐conglycinin (7S globulin) and glycinin (11S globulin), with corresponding drastic increases in the degree of hydrolysis, was observed when the substrates were preheated to the denaturation degree of 40% and above. However, 55 kDa hydrolyzed products and B polypeptides showed some extent of resistance to the proteolysis by I. lacteus protease even if denaturation degree was 100%. Both selective and non‐selective hydrolysis of soy proteins by I. lacteus protease improved the acid and heat stabilities under the same hydrolysis conditions (enzyme/substrate ratio, time, and temperature).CONCLUSIONEnzymatic hydrolysis of soybean proteins by the I. lacteus protease can effectively improve the acid and thermal stabilities of proteins. This discovery is significant to avoid aggregation during processing in the beverage industry. In the near future, the protease has potential application value for modification of other proteins. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation of the curing kinetics of polyurethane/nitrocellulose blends through FT‐IR measurements
Authors: Touidjine Sabri , Boulkadid Moulai Karim , Trache Djalal , Belkhiri Samir , Akbi Hamdane , Abdessamed Anes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolyester (HTPS) based polyurethane (PU) elastomers were currently established to be effective binders for high‐energy composites with improved performances. Conventional PU binders are mostly non‐energetic materials, and consequently reduce the energy performance significantly. Nitrocellulose (NC), is an energetic polymer widely used as an ingredient in propellants, explosives, fireworks, and gas generators, it may be introduced in PU‐based compositions to overcome their performance drawback. Kinetic parameters must be specified in order to build PU binders with the most convenient and appropriate features. Therefore, the cure kinetics of polyester based polyurethane binder systems were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) isothermal method. The polyester prepolymer (Desmophen® 1200) was cured with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI: Desmodur® N100) at various molar ratios (R[NCO]/[OH] = 0.6, 1, 1.25, and 1.5) and under different isothermal conditions (T = 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C). In addition, the effect of the addition of nitrocellulose on the kinetics of polymerization of PU was investigated. The progression of the reaction was followed based on the decrease of the peak intensity of –NCO group at 2271 cm−1 as a function of the reaction time. The curing kinetic model and the apparent activation energy (Eα) were determined by the use of Kamal autocatalytic model and Friedman isoconversional method, respectively.
Will drought exacerbate the decline in the sustainability of plantation forests relative to natural forests?
Authors: Feng Siwen , Liu Hongyan , Peng Shushi , Dai Jingyu , Xu Chongyang , Luo Caifang , Shi Liang , Luo Mingyu , Niu Yiran , Liang Boyi , Liu Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOccupying 7% of the World's forest area, plantation forests have been increasing globally for the past 30 years and serve as a natural climate solution. However, whether plantation forests share the same fate as natural forests under the changing climate remains an open question. By establishing a framework in which climate directly and indirectly triggers or exacerbates fire and pests to affect forest vitality, we compared the vitality and resilience of 705 large plantation patches and 187 large natural forest patches over the past 20 years in China. Overall, large patches of plantation forests showed consistent sustainability with natural forests across China and were mainly distributed in humid areas with the fewest and weakest droughts. Forty percent of the vitality decline of natural forests was explained by droughts, pests, and fires driven by climate, while 70% of the vitality decline of plantation forests was affected by a combination of these disturbances through different pathways. As the site environments became drier, an increasing number of plantation forests showed lower vitality relative to natural forests. Frequent and serious droughts not only magnified the direct impact of drought on plantation forests, possibly due to homogeneous forest structure regarding ages and species, but also exacerbated forest fires and caused lower vitality of 85% of plantation forests relative to natural forests in southwest China. The work highlighted threats to the sustainability of plantation forests in site environments with frequent drought, challenging the efforts of expanding plantation forests.
Phosphorus limitation determines the quality of dissolved organic matter released by marine heterotrophic prokaryotes
Authors: Bouchachi Nawal , Obernosterer Ingrid , Marie Barbara , Crispi Olivier , Ortega‐Retuerta Eva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe determined phosphorus (P) limitation effect on the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by heterotrophic prokaryotes (HP). We grew two single‐bacterial strains from different lifestyles, the copiotrophic Photobacterium angustum and the oligotrophic Sphingopyxis alaskensis, and natural HP communities collected in fall and spring from the Mediterranean Sea, on glucose under two treatments: P‐replete versus P‐limiting. DOM release by HP comprised up to 30% of the initial carbon provided for growth. P‐availability influenced carbon allocation to different cellular processes (respiration vs. growth), but did not significantly affect the net quantity of DOM released by HP. However, using fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrated an effect of P‐limitation on DOM quality, with a predominance of humic‐like compounds under P‐limitation but protein‐like compounds under P‐repletion. Our results suggest that P‐limitation could determine the fate of HP‐derived DOM in the ocean, thus affecting the microbial carbon pump.
Electrochemical polarization behavior and superelastic properties of a Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Cr shape memory alloy
Authors: Frenck Johanna‐Maria , Vollmer Malte , Niendorf Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the corrosion behavior of a Fe–Mn–Al–Ni–Cr shape memory alloy in a 5.0 wt% NaCl solution in combination with the functional properties. In a single crystalline condition, the investigated alloy shows a superior superelastic response with a maximum recovery strain of 5.2%. Furthermore, the results of the potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy show that the addition of chromium generally improves corrosion resistance by increasing the resistance to localized corrosion. The single crystalline condition, which is characterized by an austenitic matrix and scattered martensite plates, shows an enhanced, however, still unstable passive behavior due to the formation of corrosion pits along the martensite plates.
Perceptions of arthritis glove wear of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and persistent hand pain: A nested questionnaire study within the A‐Gloves trial
Authors: Hammond Alison , Prior Yeliz , Adams Jo , Firth Jill , O’Neill Terence , Hough Yvonne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionArthritis gloves are prescribed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to reduce hand pain, stiffness, and improve hand function. As part of a randomised controlled trial, this study investigated participants' perceptions of wearing arthritis gloves.MethodParticipants with RA and persistent hand pain (n = 206) were randomly assigned and prescribed either loose‐fitting gloves (control) or arthritis gloves (intervention), for day and/or night wear (as per individual need). At 12‐weeks, the trial follow‐up questionnaire also included items about whether the gloves prescribed were: beneficial or not; if yes, the benefits experienced; any problems encountered; if they stopped wearing gloves day and/or night, and why.ResultsThe questionnaire response rate was 154/206 (75%). In both groups, 73% reported gloves were beneficial (p = 0.97). There were no differences in types of benefits reported. The most common were: warmth (59% control: 54% intervention; p = 0.53); and comfort (54%: 62%; p = 0.29). Fewer reported problems with glove wear in the control group (33%), compared to the intervention group (49%); p = 0.05. In both groups, the most common daytime problem was inability to wear gloves for wet or dirty activities; and at night, gloves being too hot. Similar numbers in the control and intervention groups stopped wearing gloves either day or night (23%: 31%; p = 0.26), primarily for these reasons.DiscussionParticipants' perceptions about wearing arthritis or loose‐fitting gloves were very similar. Wearing ordinary gloves could result in similar perceived benefits to arthritis gloves.
MIST: multiple instance learning network based on Swin Transformer for whole slide image classification of colorectal adenomas
Authors: Cai Hongbin , Feng Xiaobing , Yin Ruomeng , Zhao Youcai , Guo Lingchuan , Fan Xiangshan , Liao Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractColorectal adenoma is a recognized precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer (CRC), and at least 80% of colorectal cancers are malignantly transformed from it. Therefore, it is essential to distinguish benign from malignant adenomas in the early screening of colorectal cancer. Many deep learning computational pathology studies based on whole slide images (WSIs) have been proposed. Most approaches require manual annotation of lesion regions on WSIs, which is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. This study proposes a new approach, MIST – Multiple Instance learning network based on the Swin Transformer, which can accurately classify colorectal adenoma WSIs only with slide‐level labels. MIST uses the Swin Transformer as the backbone to extract features of images through self‐supervised contrastive learning and uses a dual‐stream multiple instance learning network to predict the class of slides. We trained and validated MIST on 666 WSIs collected from 480 colorectal adenoma patients in the Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. These slides contained six common types of colorectal adenomas. The accuracy of external validation on 273 newly collected WSIs from Nanjing First Hospital was 0.784, which was superior to the existing methods and reached a level comparable to that of the local pathologist's accuracy of 0.806. Finally, we analyzed the interpretability of MIST and observed that the lesion areas of interest in MIST were generally consistent with those of interest to local pathologists. In conclusion, MIST is a low‐burden, interpretable, and effective approach that can be used in colorectal cancer screening and may lead to a potential reduction in the mortality of CRC patients by assisting clinicians in the decision‐making process. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy—What do we tell the prospective parents?
Authors: Reimers Rebecca , High Frances , Kremen Jessica , Wilkins‐Haug Louise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) can be detected on prenatal diagnostic testing and cell free DNA screening (cfDNA). High risk cfDNA results should be confirmed with diagnostic testing. This summary article serves as an update for prenatal providers and assimilates data from neurodevelopmental, epidemiologic, and registry studies on the most common SCA. This information can be helpful for counseling after prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy. Incidence estimates may be influenced by ascertainment bias and this article is not a substitute for interdisciplinary consultation and counseling.
Improvement of the surface quality of foam injection molded products from a material property perspective
Authors: Lin Weiyuan , Hamamoto Yoshiki , Hikima Yuta , Ohshima Masahiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrocellular injection molding is an attractive method. However, their surface imperfections have been a major problem hindering wide industrial applications. Several methods have been proposed to improve the surface appearance of foams. In this study, we proposed a method to improve the surface appearance of polypropylene (PP) foams from the material property perspective, especially with regard to crystallization and viscosity. The basic idea of the surface improvement is to reduce the size of bubbles generated at the flow front, delay the solidification behavior of the polymer at the mold interface, squeeze the bubbles existing at the mold–polymer interface, and redissolve the bubbles into the polymer by holding pressure. Blending a low‐modulus PP delays the crystallization of the polymers at the skin layer and solidification, taking enough time to squeeze the bubbles smaller. A sorbitol‐based gelling agent, bis‐O‐([4 methylphenyl]methylene)‐D‐Glucitol, was used to increase the viscosity at a low strain rate to reduce the size of the bubbles generated at the flow front during the filling stage. The foam injection molding experiments demonstrated that the proposed method effectively improved the surface appearance of the foams. In particular, the surface appearance of the foams became almost equivalent to that of solid samples using low‐modulus PP.
Selection of a PD‐1 blocking antibody from a novel fully human phage display library
Authors: Peissert Frederik , Plüss Louis , Giudice Anna Maria , Ongaro Tiziano , Villa Alessandra , Elsayed Abdullah , Nadal Lisa , Dakhel Plaza Sheila , Scietti Luigi , Puca Emanuele , De Luca Roberto , Forneris Federico , Neri Dario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProgrammed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) is an immunoregulatory target which is recognized by different monoclonal antibodies, approved for the therapy of multiple types of cancer. Different anti‐PD‐1 antibodies display different therapeutic properties and there is a pharmaceutical interest to generate and characterize novel anti‐PD‐1 antibodies. We screened multiple human antibody phage display libraries to target novel epitopes on the PD‐1 surface and we discovered a unique and previously undescribed binding specificity (termed D12) from a new antibody library (termed AMG). The library featured antibody fragments in single‐chain fragment variable (scFv) format, based on the IGHV3‐23*03 (VH) and IGKV1‐39*01 (Vκ) genes. The D12 antibody was characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cross‐reacted with the Cynomolgus monkey antigen and bound to primary human T cells, as shown by flow cytometry. The antibody blocked the PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction in vitro with an EC50 value which was comparable to the one of nivolumab, a clinically approved antibody. The fine details of the interaction between D12 and PD‐1 were elucidated by x‐ray crystallography of the complex at a 3.5 Å resolution, revealing an unprecedented conformational change at the N‐terminus of PD‐1 following D12 binding, as well as partial overlap with the binding site for the cognate PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 ligands which prevents their binding. The results of the study suggest that the expansion of antibody library repertoires may facilitate the discovery of novel binding specificities with unique properties that hold promises for the modulation of PD‐1 activity in vitro and in vivo.