bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Oral Ivermectin and Permethrin 1% Shampoo in the Treatment of Pediculosis Capitis
Authors: Afridi Mehvish , Inayat Sara , . Zaib , Kakar Saifullah , Panezai Anila , Ghani Sehrish 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Oral Ivermectin with Permethrin 1% Shampoo in the treatment of Pediculosis Capitis
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial
Setting & Study duration: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Bolan Medical College/ Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from December 24, 2016 to June 23, 2017 (6 months)
Materials and Methods: All children of either gender having age 5 and above weight more than
15 kg presented with head-lice infestation confirmed by combing the wet hair with a fine-toothed detection comb were enrolled. All patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in group A received oral Ivermectin in dose of 200mcg/kg while patients in group B received application of 1% Permethrin Shampoo. They were called after one week and they received second dose of oral Ivermectin in same dose of 200mcg/kg and application of Permethrin 1% Shampoo and re-evaluated after one week. Treatment was considered effective by absence of live lice by day 15 of treatment.
Data was analyzed in SPSS version 17.Mean age of the patient in the sample was calculated. Male to female ratio was determined in the sample. In both the groups, frequency of patients having no live louse in the head on 15th day was calculated. The frequency in both groups was compared by applying chi square test keeping p-value≤ 0.05.
Results: Majority of the patients presented were females in both group, i.e. 20 (66.7%) and 23 (76.7%) respectively. Insignificant difference was observed in the mean age in between group (p- value 0.482). Efficacy was found significantly higher in oral Ivermectin group 26 (86.7%) as compared to 1% Permethrin Shampoo. (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: The efficacy of oral Ivermectin group was considerably higher as compared to 1% Permethrin Shampoo in our cohort.
Frequency and Risk factors of Low Birth Weight in Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Usman , Zafar Sadia , Tariq Nadia , Rashid Farah , Hassan Khalid 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Low birth weight is a key determinant of infant survival, health and development. There are many maternal and biological risk factors for it. The objective of this study is to determine frequency and associated risk factors of Low birth weight.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology; al Razi hospital, Rawalpindi from June 2016 till June 2020. Total sample size was 20,681 which was the total births during these years in this hospital setting. A structured pre tested questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Chi square test was used to determine association between LBW and socio demographic variables
Result:
The overall frequency of LBW was found to be 8.9%. Female babies were more likely to have LBW as compared to male babies (p=0.000). LBW babies had poor APGAR scoring as compared to normal weight (p=0.000). The frequency of LBW was higher amongst the mother who were <20years of age and >30years. Maternal weight had a direct while parity had inverse relationship with LBW.
Conclusion:
Low birth weight babies have poor APGAR scoring and associated with maternal risk factors.
An Evaluation of Haematological Changes in Paediatric Dengue Fever Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital Rawalpindi During 2019 Outbreak
Authors: Asghar Rai Muhammad , Ashraf Rai Rijjal , Saheel Khalid , Hussain Abid 
Published: February 2022

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of patients with dengue fever in order to increase the sensitivity of screening for early diagnosis and as an aid to the early institution of appropriate treatment.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Peadiatrics Department Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi for a period of 6 months from July 2019 to December 2019.
Results: During the study period of 6 months, 438 dengue serology-positive children were admitted, amongst which 254 were male (58%), and 184 were female (42%). The children's age ranged from 1 month to 12 years, with a mean age of 8.03 years (SD + 3.13 years). Out of 438 children, 254 (58%) were uncomplicated dengue fever (DF), 119 children (27%) developed dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). 65 children (15%) went into dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The predominant findings in the complete blood picture (CBC) were Thrombocytopenia (80.1%) and leucopenia (65.1%). Normal leucocyte count was seen in 59 cases (13.68%). Thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000) was seen in 351 patients (80.1%) out of which 30 cases (6.9%) had a platelet count less than 50,000. Leukopenia was found in 285 (65.1%) patients. Most of the patients were positive for NS1 (70.3%). IgM was positive in 62.1% and IgG was positive in 14.8%. Enteric Fever as co-infection was found in 30(6.8%) children.
Conclusion: Careful assessment and interpretation of hematological changes in dengue patients allow early diagnosis and institution of appropriate treatment.
Oral Health Status Among Pregnant Women Attending Gynae OPD of Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi
Authors: Anjum Samina , Azam Naila , Mughal Fatima Ali Raza , Huma Sadia , Jabeen Wajeeha 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The objectives of this study were to determine the oral health status and treatment needs using DMFT & CPITN indices in pregnant women attending Gynae OPD of tertiary care Hospital in Rawalpindi, to Determine Association of Oral health status using DMFT and CPITN with socioeconomic status and to determine oral health status of various trimesters of pregnancy
Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among pregnant women at Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi from April’ 2020 to September’ 2020. Consecutive sampling was used to select the study participants. An adaptive version of WHO questionnaire was used. Results were presented in the form of frequency tables. Chi square test of statistics was applied to assess the association between categorical DMFT and CPITN with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participating females.
Results: The mean DMFT score pregnant females was 2.41 + 2.30 and were belonged to a middle socioeconomic status 43.8% (n=173). About 61.8% (n=244) of participants had DMFT total score 1-7. Whereas, majority of the participants were reported bleeding gums on probing 30.6% (n=121) on assessment by CPITN. The participating pregnant females also depicted the worsening of periodontal tissues (P=0.00) and dentition status (P=0.02). Socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with dentition (P=0.39) and periodontal status (P=0.69).
Conclusion: The study revealed that oral health status was deteriorated during pregnancy. Education and gestational period were strong indicator for oral health status among pregnant women. Bleeding gums were reported in majority of participants during second trimester of pregnancy. Socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with oral health status by CPITN and DMFT score.
Frequency of Post-Operative Bleeding after Dental Extraction among Patients on Chronic Low Dose Aspirin
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Gul Sunia , Shuja Eruj , Maqbool Arsalan , Ibrahim Wasim , Asim Muhammad Adil 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Anti-platelet drugs are widely used for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of post-operative bleeding after dental extraction among patients on chronic low-dose aspirin.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive case series in which a total of 378 patients on low-dose aspirin of( 75-100mg) for various cardiovascular causes were included in the study. The duration of the study was from November 2016 to May 2017 total of 6 months.
Results: Out of 378 cases, 247 patients (65.4%) were male while 131 patients (34.6%) were female. The mean age of the patients was calculated as 54.8±13.1 years. Regarding pre-morbid, 127 patients (33.6%) were diabetic and 109 patients (28.9%) were hypertensive. The mean duration of taking aspirin was calculated as 3.5±1.7 years. Post-extraction bleeding was noted in 16 patients (4.2%). This was statistically insignificant i.e p-value >0.005.
Conclusion: We concluded that simple tooth extraction is safe in patients on a long-term maintenance dose of aspirin, without discontinuation of the drug as it doesn’t cause any significant postoperative bleeding.
Role of Modified Biophysical Profile in Prediction of Fetal Asphyxia
Authors: Sadiq Nadia , Shabana Nargis , Ul Haq Aqsa Ikram , Bashir Shama , Waheed Nabeela , Faisal Jaweria 
Published: February 2022

Objective
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Modified Biophysical Profile (MBPP) in determining fetal asphyxia in high risk pregnancies keeping actual birth asphyxia on Apgar Score as gold standard.
Patients and Methods
After written informed consent from patients, 235 patients with high risk pregnancies admitted to obstetric ward unit 2 Holy Family Hospital were enrolled in study. BPP was done by modified method in high risk patient at > 36 week gestation. Amniotic fluid index was calculated by measuring 4 quadrant vertical pockets and if sum of 4 pockets was< 5 it was considered as abnormal. Total score in MBPP is 4.Out of which 2 score for CTG and 2 score of AFI. These patients were followed till delivery and newborn will be assessed at the time of delivery for fetal asphyxia. Fetal asphyxia was assessed on the basis of Apgar score at 5 min after birth. All patients delivering beyond 7 days of MBPP was excluded from the study.
Results
Mean age (years) in our study was 27.11+1.47 whereas mean parity was 2+1.06 with ranges from nulliparous to para four. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predicative value and negative predicative value of Modified Biophysical Profile (MBPP) in determining fetal asphyxia in high risk pregnancies keeping actual birth asphyxia on Apgar score as gold standard was 95.02%, 71.43%, 98.13% and 47.62% respectively.
Conclusion
MBPP was found to have high sensitivity and positive predictive value in predicting fetal asphyxia as assessed by Apgar score at birth.
Key words:
Modified Biophysical profile, Perinatal outcome, High risk pregnancies, Non stress test
Identifying the problems, solutions, and challenges in referral writing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Azhar Faryal , Fatima Tausief , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Yasmin Raheela , Mehboob Usman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Both primary care physicians and other specialists are not satisfied with the quality and content of written communication between colleagues(1). There is need of identifying the factors that lead to this dissatisfaction. Many of these are discussed in literature such as communication skills, teaching and assessment of referral writings to undergraduates, and lack of validated tool for evaluation of referral(2). This article is scoping review of literature for finding the problems, solutions, and challenges in referral writing.
Methods
The databases utilized for finding various referral systems are PubMed, ERIC, Pakmedinet and Google scholar. The article included in the study was 12 which were identified through PRISMA. These 12 articles were reviewed by two authors. (FA and TA) The first step was the application of Qualsyst criteria and then the two authors analyzed the final 12 articles for thematic analysis independently.
Results
The problems, solutions and challenges in referral writing were found after the thematic analysis by two authors. The multiple challenges regarding referral writing include the fact that details about the inadequate data written in referral letters, lack of teaching and learning strategies and lack of proper communication between physicians. There are many solutions like teaching and assessing the referral writing skills, introducing reflection and feedback to improve the skill among young doctors. Moreover, teaching the art of referral writing should include in the medical curriculum.
Conclusion
Referral writing is an important part of medical communication. A good quality referral will save time in management of patients. It will also enhance the outcome of patient management. There is need of teachings about communication skills in undergraduates and postgraduates students.
Clinical and Metabolic Profile of Obese Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ashraf Sohail , Mushtaq Saba , Mahmood Tahir , Bibi Sanaa , Safdar Shameen 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aims of our study were to find out the physical features and biochemical complications of obese children presenting to our hospital.
Methodology: This Cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department (OPD) of POF hospital Wah Cantt from January 2019 to June 2020.Non probability convenient sampling was used to include obese children less than 14 years of age. Child was labeled obese as per W.H.O. criteria. History and complete physical examination was done according to pre designed proforma of all the participants. Blood samples were sent for analysis after taking consent.
Results: Total of 100 obese children was included in the study out of whom 62 % were females and 38% were males. Majority were under 10 years of age (70%). Arthralgia (55%) was the most common complaint and Acanthosis Nigricans (31%) was the most common physical finding. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 60% of the cases. Iron deficiency was found more in females (64.5 %) (p value 0.01) and children under 10 years of age (62.8 %) (p value 0.02).
Conclusion: Obesity can lead to various health complications. Early detection and prevention of these complications can decrease the associated morbidities and mortalities in adulthood.
Key words: Obesity, vitamin D deficiency, Iron deficiency, Anemia, Acanthosis Nigricans
High-Risk Factors causing Mortality in Pediatric Burn Patients, admitted in Burns Centre of Karachi
Authors: Riaz Lubna , Shahid Riaz Ahmed , Rashid Muhammad Noman , Batool Roomana , Abro Saleem Ullah , Saleem Qurratulain 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: Different risk variables that lead to mortality of a burn victim. The most important categories for assessment of severity in burns among pediatric age group is, total body surface area (TBSA) involved, age and type of burn which can lead to increased deaths. The current study was performed to analyze the various factors of causing risk of burns and leading to mortality.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional non-probability descriptive study, performed of Pediatric Burns unit Ruth Pfau Civil hospital, Karachi. Clinical recordof 227 Patients of both sexes135 males and 92 females was analyzed after receiving approval from Burn Center, Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. Statistical analyzes was carried out using version 20.00 of SPSS.
Results: Largest percentage of mortality was in age between 1 and 5 years. In 139 patients, Scalding due to hot water was the most common form of burn. Major cause of mortality was due to multiple burns with > 50% involvement of TBSA was the most common category constituting 68.7% among the patients in the current study. Significant association was analyzed between the nutritional status of patients as assessed by albumin levels and mortality (p=0.004). However, total mortality among the reported cases in between 2016 until 2018 was 28.2% being in 1-5years of age with above-mentioned associations.
Conclusion: Current research indicates that an increasing mortality in pediatric burn patients is linked with the proportion of total body surface area (TBSA) exposed to burns, duration of the exposure, decrease total protein content due to damage of tissues and muscles. This leads to prolonged protein and intravenous fluid replacement. One of the most common complication is progression to respiratory failure.
Keywords: Burns, burns etiology, burns mortality rate.
The Burnout amongst doctors of obstetrics and gynecology department during covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Khansa Iqbal , Ahmed Saira , Kahloon Lubna Ejaz , Noureen Humaira , Iftikhar Tallat , Bilqees Humaira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract : Burnout is a state of physical and mental exhaustion that results from long term involvement in work situations that are emotionally demanding. Doctors in emergency fields like obstetrics & gynecology of a tertiary care hospital, have to work vigilantly at odd times under immense pressure during long duty hours, thus are more likely to burnout, especially in the tedious time of COVID-19 pandemic. This study measured the burnout in doctors of the department of OB/GYN at RMU allied hospitals by using Questionnaire based on Copenhagen Inventory with addition of questions about PPE, COVID testing facility and family burnout. Results showed inadequate provision of PPE & Covid testing, fear of transmission of infection to family and friends, effect on care of elderly at home, relationship with partner and increased mood irritability. Personal burnout was 54, work related burnout 49.6, and patient related burnout was 37
There is significant family and personal burnout but still patient burnout is not present, showing high professionalism in our doctors. Facilitation in the form of reduced working hours, safer working environment, appreciation of work, financial incentives, social support and care of psychological well-being by cognitive behavioral therapy & counselling must be offered to the doctors of the department of obstetrics and gynecology.
Perception of Fourth Year Medical Students on Task-Based Learning in Clinical Teaching
Authors: Sohail Shaherzad , Dar Lubna Raiz 
Published: February 2022

Background Clinical teaching is always challenging. Different teaching strategies are used for effective teaching and learning in a clinical environment. Task-based learning (TBL) is the teaching strategy where tasks are used for the learning of students. We conducted this study to explore student’s perceptions about Task-based learning.
Method This descriptive study was carried out for the academic year 2019-2020 in Shalamar medical college Lahore.TBL taught 4th-year MBBS students during a clinical rotation in Gynae/Obs, and at the end of rotation, they were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding their perceptions about TBL.
Results 87 students participated in the study. All the students agreed that TBL is an effective teaching approach, and they have a positive response towards TBL in clinical setting.85%students said TBL improve communication skills, 89.6% Said TBL provide the opportunity of direct encounter with patients, 71.2% find it helpful and informative and 40.2%said that it promotes the active involvement of students.
Conclusion: Students found TBL as an effective teaching approach in a clinical setting and find it more advantageous because it involves them more in teaching and learning and help them to improve their communication skills, and provide them opportunities to deal with patients.
LkHα 225 (V1318 Cyg) South in Outburst
Authors: Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Isaacson Howard , Rodriguez Antonio C. , Connelley Michael , Reipurth Bo , Kuhn Michael A. , Beck Tracy , Perez Diego Rodriguez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Magakian et al. called attention to the current bright state of LkHα 225 South, a well-known highly embedded, intermediate-mass young stellar object that over the past two decades has brightened visually from >20
m
to <13
m
. We present recent optical photometric monitoring showing colorless, nonsinusoidal, periodic brightness oscillations occurring every 43 days with amplitude ∼0.7 mag. We also present new flux-calibrated optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, which we model in terms of a Keplerian accretion disk, and high-dispersion spectra that demonstrate similarity to some categories of “mixed-temperature” accretion-outburst objects. At blue wavelengths, LkHα 225 South has a pure absorption spectrum and is a good spectral match to the FU Ori stars V1515 Cyg and V1057 Cyg. At red optical and infrared wavelengths, however, the spectrum is more similar to Gaia 19ajj, showing emission in TiO, CO, and metals. Sr ii absorption indicates a low-surface-gravity atmosphere. There are also signatures of a strong wind/outflow. LkHα 225 South was moderately bright in the early 1950s as well as in the late 1980s, with evidence for deep fades during intervening epochs. The body of evidence suggests that LkHα 225 South is another case of a source with episodically enhanced accretion that causes brightening by orders of magnitude, and development of a hot absorption spectrum and warm wind. It is similar to Gaia 19ajj, but also reminiscent in its long brightening time and brightness oscillation near peak to the embedded sources L1634 IRS7 and ESO Ha 99.
On the Emergence of a New Instability during Core Collapse of Very Massive Stars
Authors: Kalashnikov Ilia , Baranov Andrey , Chardonnet Pascal , Chechetkin Valery , Filina Anastasia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The process of uniform supernovae (SNe) explosions is well investigated for all their types. However, observational data suggests that the SNe may be not spherically symmetric. Modern multidimensional simulations of SNe demonstrate development of hydrodynamical instabilities during the explosion phase. But the configuration of a star and inhomogeneities prior to explosion could strongly affect how the SN develops. A number of papers on numerical modeling of pair-instability SNe explosion considered the case when thermonuclear energy in the central region of a massive star is introduced by a series of several hot spots. It leads to the appearance of many fragments of hot matter behind the divergence shock wave. An observable manifestation of this may be the presence of peaks on light curves of gamma-ray bursts associated with explosions of massive stars. The physical nature of such inhomogeneities is not evident and the number and size of spots is conjecture. In this work, we study the possibility of formation of these inhomogeneities at the stage of core collapse (CC) in a massive star. To check this assumption, we chose an analytic self-similar model of CC and investigated the stability of solutions obtained from it with respect to small multidimensional perturbations. It shows there are no conditions where the collapse of a very massive star may remain stable, although, for a less massive star, it is possible. Using the relations obtained, we found characteristic features of developing instability, thereby making it possible to estimate the amount and characteristic size of the inhomogeneities.