bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillations for active sensing in olfaction: bioinspiration from insect antennal movements
Authors: Claverie Nicolas , Steinmann Thomas , Bandjee Mourad Jaffar , Buvat Pierrick , Casas Jérôme 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Crustacean and insect antennal scanning movements have been postulated to increase odorant capture but the exact mechanisms as well as measures of efficiency are wanting. The aim of this work is to test the hypothesis that an increase in oscillation frequency of a simplified insect antenna model translates to an increase of odorant capture, and to quantify by how much and through which mechanism. We approximate the antennal movements of bumblebees, quantified in a previous study, by a vertical oscillatory movement of a cylinder in a homogeneous horizontal flow with odorants. We test our multiphysics flow and mass transfer numerical model with dedicated experiments using particle image velocimetry. A new entire translating experimental measurement setup containing an oil tank enables us to work at appropriate Strouhal and Reynolds numbers. Increasing antennal oscillating frequency does increase the odorant capture rate, up to 200%, proving this behavior being active sensing. This result holds however only up to a critical frequency. A decrease of efficiency characterizes higher frequencies, due to molecules depletion within oversampled regions, themselves defined by overlaying boundary layers. Despite decades of work on thermal and mass transfer studies on oscillating cylinders, no analogy with published cases was found. This is due to the unique flow regimes studied here, resulting from the combination of organ small size and low frequencies of oscillations. A theory for such flow regimes is thus to be developed, with applications to fundamental research on animal perception up to bioinspired olfaction.
Enhanced self-cleaning performance of bio-inspired micropillar-arrayed surface by shear
Authors: An Huazhen , Jia Ning , Wang Shuai , Peng Zhilong , Chen Shaohua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inspired by the sliding behavior of gecko feet during climbing, the contribution of the shear effect to the self-cleaning performance of a bio-inspired micropillar-arrayed surface is studied through a load-shear-pull contact process. It is found that self-cleaning efficiency can be enhanced significantly by shear. The efficiency also depends on microparticle size. For the case of relatively large and small microparticles, self-cleaning efficiency increases first and then almost keeps a constant with the increase of shear distance at different preloads. For medium microparticles, shear can effectively improve self-cleaning efficiency only when the preload is small. The mechanical mechanism under such enhancement is mainly due to the varying contact states between microparticles and micropillars with the shear distance. When the shear distance is large enough, the final self-cleaning efficiency is not sensitive to shear distance anymore because the contact state reaches dynamic equilibrium. Based on such a self-cleaning mechanism of large microparticles, a simple and effective manipulator that can efficiently transfer solid particles is further proposed.
Comment on ‘Egypt’s water budget deficit and suggested mitigation policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam filling scenarios’
Authors: Wheeler Kevin , Jeuland Marc , Strzepek Kenneth , Hall Jim , Zagona Edith , Abdo Gamal , Basson Thinus , Blackmore Don , Block Paul , Whittington Dale 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In their recent paper in ERL, ‘Egypt’s water budget deficit and suggested mitigation policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) filling scenarios,’ Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) paint an alarming picture of the water deficits and economic impacts for Egypt that will occur as a consequence of the filling of the GERD. Their median estimate is that filling the GERD will result in a water deficit in Egypt of ∼31 billion m3 yr−1. They estimate that under a rapid filling of the GERD over 3 yr, the Egyptian economy would lose US$51 billion and 4.74 million jobs, such that in 2024, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita would be 6% lower than under a counterfactual without the GERD. These and other numbers in Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) article are inconsistent with the best scientific and economic knowledge of the Nile Basin and are not a dependable source of information for policy-makers or the general public. In this response to Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) we draw on high quality peer-reviewed literature and appropriate modeling methods to identify and analyze many flaws in their article, which include (a) not accounting for the current storage level in the High Aswan Dam reservoir (b) inappropriately using a mass-balance approach that does not account for the Nile’s hydrology or how water is managed in Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia; (c) extreme and unfounded assumptions of reservoir seepage losses from the GERD; and (d) calculations of the economic implications for Egypt during the period of reservoir filling which are based on unfounded assumptions. In contrast to Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022), robust scientific analysis has demonstrated that, whilst there is a risk of water shortages in Egypt if a severe drought were to occur at the same time as the GERD reservoir is filling, there is minimal risk of additional water shortages in Egypt during the filling period if flows in the Blue Nile are normal or above average. Moreover, the residual risks could be mitigated by effective and collaborative water management, should a drought occur.
Musculoskeletal tissues-on-a-chip: role of natural polymers in reproducing tissue-specific microenvironments
Authors: Petta D , D’Amora U , D’Arrigo D , Tomasini M , Candrian C , Ambrosio L , Moretti M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over the past years, 3D in vitro models have been widely employed in the regenerative medicine field. Among them, organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to elucidate cellular mechanism exploiting multichannel microfluidic devices to establish 3D co-culture systems that offer control over the cellular, physico-chemical and biochemical microenvironments. To deliver the most relevant cues to cells, it is of paramount importance to select the most appropriate matrix for mimicking the extracellular matrix of the native tissue. Natural polymers-based hydrogels are the elected candidates for reproducing tissue-specific microenvironments in musculoskeletal tissue-on-a-chip models owning to their interesting and peculiar physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties. Despite these advantages, there is still a gap between the biomaterials complexity in conventional tissue engineering and the application of these biomaterials in 3D in vitro microfluidic models. In this review, the aim is to suggest the adoption of more suitable biomaterials, alternative crosslinking strategies and tissue engineered-inspired approaches in organ-on-a-chip to better mimic the complexity of physiological musculoskeletal tissues. Accordingly, after giving an overview of the musculoskeletal tissue compositions, the properties of the main natural polymers employed in microfluidic systems are investigated, together with the main musculoskeletal tissues-on-a-chip devices.
Micro-level analysis of climate-smart agriculture adoption and effect on household food security in semi-arid Nakasongola District in Uganda
Authors: Egeru Anthony , Bbosa Martha Mwesiga , Siya Aggrey , Asiimwe Robert , Mugume Isaac 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is fronted as a sustainable, transformative, and technologically innovative approach that increases agricultural productivity, income and enhances greenhouse gas mitigation. However, there is limited micro-level evidence on the effects of the adoption of CSA on food security despite intensified promotion efforts in Uganda. A cross-sectional household survey among 165 respondents, undertaken in August–September 2020, was used to collect requisite data. Principal component analysis (PCA) with iteration and varimax rotation and analysis of variance were used in characterizing CSA practices. An ordered logit model was applied to identify the reported levels of CSA utility. Meanwhile, an endogenous switching regression was adopted to determine the effect of CSA adoption on household food security. Results showed that households used a combination of practices, including soil and water management, pasture management, livestock productivity and disease management. The PCA results revealed six major categories for the 16 most commonly used CSA practice combinations. The key factors that influenced the adoption of CSA practices among households included; access to climate information, total livestock units, ownership of non-livestock assets, and participation in off-farm activities. Results also revealed that the expected food consumption scores (FCS) for adopters and non-adopters were 53.87 and 66.92 respectively. However, when adopters and non-adopters were compared, we found that the adopters of CSA practices would have had a significantly lower counterfactual FCS had they not adopted CSA. While the adoption levels of CSA in this study is low, the counterfactual effects have shown that households that adopted CSA would have had a lower FCS and therefore lower food security status had they not adopted CSA. We recommend CSA promotional efforts that give more attention to combined CSA practices and respond to local production constraints.
PLP_FS: prediction of lysine phosphoglycerylation sites in protein using support vector machine and fusion of multiple F_Score feature selection
Authors: Sohrawordi Md , Hossain Md Ali , Hasan Md Al Mehedi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A newly invented post-translational modification (PTM), phosphoglycerylation, has shown its essential role in the construction and functional properties of proteins and dangerous human diseases. Hence, it is very urgent to know about the molecular mechanism behind the phosphoglycerylation process to develop the drugs for related diseases. But accurately identifying of phosphoglycerylation site from a protein sequence in a laboratory is a very difficult and challenging task. Hence, the construction of an efficient computation model is greatly sought for this purpose. A little number of computational models are currently available for identifying the phosphoglycerylation sites, which are not able to reach their prediction capability at a satisfactory level. Therefore, an effective predictor named PLP_FS has been designed and constructed to identify phosphoglycerylation sites in this study. For the training purpose, an optimal number of feature sets was obtained by fusion of multiple F_Score feature selection techniques from the features generated by three types of sequence-based feature extraction methods and fitted with the support vector machine classification technique to the prediction model. On the other hand, the k-neighbor near cleaning and SMOTE methods were also implemented to balance the benchmark dataset. The suggested model in 10-fold cross-validation obtained an accuracy of 99.22%, a sensitivity of 98.17% and a specificity of 99.75% according to the experimental findings, which are better than other currently available predictors for accurately identifying the phosphoglycerylation sites.
Characterizing phenotypic diversity of trehalose biosynthesis mutants in multiple wild strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Anqi , Smith Jeremy R , Tapia Hugo , Gibney Patrick A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, trehalose-6-phospahte synthase (Tps1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (Tps2) are the main proteins catalyzing intracellular trehalose production. In addition to Tps1 and Tps2, 2 putative regulatory proteins with less clearly defined roles also appear to be involved with trehalose production, Tps3 and Tsl1. While this pathway has been extensively studied in laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae, we sought to examine the phenotypic consequences of disrupting these genes in wild strains. Here we deleted the TPS1, TPS2, TPS3, and TSL1 genes in 4 wild strains and 1 laboratory strain for comparison. Although some tested phenotypes were not shared between all strains, deletion of TPS1 abolished intracellular trehalose, caused inability to grow on fermentable carbon sources and resulted in severe sporulation deficiency for all 5 strains. After examining tps1 mutant strains expressing catalytically inactive variants of Tps1, our results indicate that Tps1, independent of trehalose production, is a key component for yeast survival in response to heat stress, for regulating sporulation, and growth on fermentable sugars. All tps2Δ mutants exhibited growth impairment on nonfermentable carbon sources, whereas variations were observed in trehalose synthesis, thermosensitivity and sporulation efficiency. tps3Δ and tsl1Δ mutants exhibited mild or no phenotypic disparity from their isogenic wild type although double mutants tps3Δ tsl1Δ decreased the amount of intracellular trehalose production in all 5 strains by 17–45%. Altogether, we evaluated, confirmed, and expanded the phenotypic characteristics associated trehalose biosynthesis mutants. We also identified natural phenotypic variants in multiple strains that could be used to genetically dissect the basis of these traits and then develop mechanistic models connecting trehalose metabolism to diverse cellular processes.
Assessment of Objective and Subjective Cognitive Function in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression Undergoing Repeated Ketamine Infusions
Authors: Phillips Jennifer L , Van Geel Amanda , Burhunduli Patricia , Vasudev Dominique , Batten Lisa A , Norris Sandhaya , Talbot Jeanne , Ortiz Abigail , Owoeye Olabisi , Blier Pierre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Subanesthetic ketamine infusions can elicit rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, yet the potential cognitive impact of ketamine has not been thoroughly examined. This study measured changes in objective and subjective cognitive function following repeated ketamine treatment.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients with treatment-resistant depression were administered cognitive assessments before and after undergoing 7 i.v. ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes) within a clinical trial examining the efficacy of single and repeated administrations. Depression severity and perceived concentration were evaluated with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms Self-Report.

Results
Twenty-three participants (60.5%) responded after repeated infusions (≥50% decrease in MADRS total scores). We measured significant improvements in several cognitive domains, including attention, working memory, verbal, and visuospatial memory (effect sizes ranging from Cohen d = 0.37–0.79). Cognitive changes were attributed to reduction in depressive symptoms except for improvement in verbal memory, which remained significant after adjustment for change in MADRS total score (P = .029, η p2 = 0.13). Only responders reported improvement in subjective cognitive function with repeated ketamine administration (MADRS item 6, P &lt; .001, d = 2.00; Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms Self-Report item 10, P &lt; .001, d = 1.36).

Conclusion
A short course of repeated ketamine infusions did not impair neurocognitive function in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Further research is required to understand the potential mediating role of response and remission on improved cognitive function accompanying ketamine treatment as well as to examine longer-term safety outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01945047
Stable Torsion Length
Authors: Avery Chloe I , Chen Lvzhou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The stable torsion length in a group is the stable word length with respect to the set of all torsion elements. We show that the stable torsion length vanishes in crystallographic groups. We then give a linear programming algorithm to compute a lower bound for stable torsion length in free products of groups. Moreover, we obtain an algorithm that exactly computes stable torsion length in free products of finite groups. The nature of the algorithm shows that stable torsion length is rational in this case. As applications, we give the 1st exact computations of stable torsion length for nontrivial examples.
Patient judgments about hypertension control: the role of patient numeracy and graph literacy
Authors: Shaffer Victoria A , Wegier Pete , Valentine K D , Duan Sean , Canfield Shannon M , Belden Jeffery L , Steege Linsey M , Popescu Mihail , Koopman Richelle J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess the impact of patient health literacy, numeracy, and graph literacy on perceptions of hypertension control using different forms of data visualization.

Materials and Methods
Participants (Internet sample of 1079 patients with hypertension) reviewed 12 brief vignettes describing a fictitious patient; each vignette included a graph of the patient’s blood pressure (BP) data. We examined how variations in mean systolic blood pressure, BP standard deviation, and form of visualization (eg, data table, graph with raw values or smoothed values only) affected judgments about hypertension control and need for medication change. We also measured patient’s health literacy, subjective and objective numeracy, and graph literacy.

Results
Judgments about hypertension data presented as a smoothed graph were significantly more positive (ie, hypertension deemed to be better controlled) then judgments about the same data presented as either a data table or an unsmoothed graph. Hypertension data viewed in tabular form was perceived more positively than graphs of the raw data. Data visualization had the greatest impact on participants with high graph literacy.

Discussion
Data visualization can direct patients to attend to more clinically meaningful information, thereby improving their judgments of hypertension control. However, patients with lower graph literacy may still have difficulty accessing important information from data visualizations.

Conclusion
Addressing uncertainty inherent in the variability between BP measurements is an important consideration in visualization design. Well-designed data visualization could help to alleviate clinical uncertainty, one of the key drivers of clinical inertia and uncontrolled hypertension.
Determination of Carcinogenic Primary Aromatic Amines Contained as Impurities in Synthetic Organic Colorants
Authors: Kawakami Tsuyoshi , Obama Tomoko , Tahara Maiko , Ikarashi Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Several primary aromatic amines (PAAs) have been designated carcinogenic or suspected of carcinogenicity. Several kinds of PAAs may occur either via the reduction of azo compounds or as impurities in azo colorants or other agents.

Objective
An analytical method was developed and applied to determine whether certain PAAs are present as impurities in synthetic organic colorants.

Method
Target chemicals were analyzed by the ultrasound extraction of the synthetic organic colorant with a hydrochloric acid solution containing 20% methanol, followed by conversion from an acidic to alkaline solution, and then extraction using a diatomaceous earth column.

Results
We analyzed certain PAAs in 38 synthetic organic colorants, resulting in the detection of 2,4-dimethylaniline in four samples at 1.2 to 19 μg/g, o-toluidine in three samples at 1.0 to 3.4 μg/g, p-phenylazoaniline in two samples at 74 to 305 μg/g, and, in one sample each, 2,4,5-trimethylaniline (13 μg/g), 5-nitro-o-toluidine (12 μg/g), and 2-methyl-4–(2-tolylazo)aniline (13 μg/g). Nearly all PAAs were determined to be starting materials for colorant synthesis, although p-phenylazoaniline in Yellow No. 407 was apparently a byproduct formed during synthesis. For Red No. 225, in which high concentrations of p-phenylazoaniline were detected, additional samples were purchased from five companies, and p-phenylazoaniline was detected at concentrations of 88 to 370 μg/g in all samples.

Conclusions
A method to analyze certain PAAs contained as impurities in synthetic organic colorants was developed, and the actual status of them in colorants was clarified.

Highlights
The analytical method developed in this study for the determination of certain PAAs contained as impurities in synthetic organic colorants may be used to improve the safety of colorants.
Effect of microbial inoculation and storage length on the fermentation profile and nutritive value of high-moisture corn ensiled at 2 different dry matter concentrations
Authors: Saylor Benjamin A , Heinzen Celso , Diepersloot E Cole , Ferraretto Luiz F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculation and storage length on the fermentation profile and nutrient composition of high-moisture corn (HMC) ensiled at 2 different dry matter (DM) concentrations. High-moisture corn was harvested when kernel DM concentrations were approaching 65% as-fed, and either left undried (HMC65; 67.6% DM) or dried at 40 °C to approximately 70% DM (HMC70; 71.0% DM), and then ensiled in quadruplicate vacuum pouches untreated (CON) or after one of the following inoculant treatments: 6.36 × 105 cfu of Lentilactobacillus buchneri DSM 12856, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM 12836, and Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 16243 per g of HMC (LBLP); or 3.0 × 105 cfu of Lentilactobacillus buchneri DSM 12856, Lentilactobacillus diolivorans DSM 32074, and P. acidilactici DSM 16243 per g of HMC (LBLD). Vacuum pouches were allowed to ferment for 7, 14, 28, or 56 d. A three-way interaction was observed (P = 0.01) for the pH of HMC, where CON for HMC70 was greatest across storage lengths and HMC65 treatments generally had a lower pH than other treatments. Concentrations of total acids were greater (P = 0.001) in HMC65 than HMC70 and greater (P = 0.001) in HMC treated with LBLP and LBLD than CON. An interaction between DM concentration, microbial inoculation, and storage length was observed (P = 0.05) for concentrations of acetic acid. At 14 d, acetic acid concentrations were greater in HMC65 treated with LBLD than other treatments. Likewise, at 56 d, concentrations of acetic acid were greatest in HMC65 treated with LBLD, followed by HMC70 treated with LBLD. An interaction between DM concentration, microbial inoculation, and storage length was observed (P = 0.05) for 7-h starch disappearance (starchD). Across all DM concentration and inoculant treatment combinations, starchD increased with increasing storage length. StarchD was also generally greater for HMC65 treatments compared to HMC70, with small differences among inoculants. Results suggest that microbial inoculation can improve fermentation of HMC by increasing the production of antifungal acetic acid, but that DM concentration at ensiling remains a primary determinant of HMC fermentability.
The Benefits of Trade Secret Legal Protection: Evidence from Firms’ Cost Structure Decisions
Authors: Gao Feng , Wang Xue , Yin Benda 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate whether better trade secret legal protection permits a firm to shift resources from protecting trade secrets to expanding its fixed operation capacity, thus reducing cost elasticity. We employ the staggered adoption of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) by US state courts as a plausibly exogenous shock that improves trade secret legal protection. We find a reduction, on average, in cost elasticity in firms headquartered in the IDD recognition states relative to those in non-affected states. This change in cost structure is concentrated in firms with trade secrets. These results highlight that the optimal choice of fixed resources is affected by the extent of trade secret protection. Further, we find that firm value is higher for trade secret firms after the IDD adoption. Overall, our empirical evidence suggests that trade secret legal protection is beneficial for firms with trade secrets.