bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Silicon Crystal Growth: A 2-DOpen FOAM implementation
Authors: Nagarajan S G , Panjwani Balram , Johannes Øvrelid Eivind , Gururajan M P , Viswanathan N N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to develop a numerical solver to simulate the silicon solidification process using an open source software named open FOAM.We describe ways in which the existing solvers in open FOAM such as buoyant Boussineq PimpleFoam and buoyant PimpleFoam can be extended/modified to study solidification problems. Specifically, in this paper, we describe the development of the solidification solvers based on (a) the buoyant Boussineq PimpleFoam along with solidification Melting Source and, (b) bouyantPimpleFoam along with temperature dependent thermo-physical properties using the latest openFOAM2012 version. It is known that the solidification solver using bouyantBoussineqPimpleFoamalong with solidification Melting Source works well in cases where the solidification process can be modelled using a source term; we are also able to reproduce this textbook case satisfactorily. On the other hand, when we use the bouyantPimple Foam solver with temperature dependent properties for silicon solidification process, we are not able to satisfactorily match our results with those in the literature for the flow patterns. We present these preliminary results and indicate the possible reasons for the mismatch between our results from open FOAM and the results from a global model. The work on the benchmarking of the flow patterns and the incorporation of one more scalar equation to obtain the oxygen distribution in the solidification domain are in progress.
Shape Control of Au Nanoparticles Using Flacourtia Inermis Extract
Authors: Pattabi Rani M , M Krishnaprabha , Pattabi Manjunatha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Spherical Au nanoparticles and triangular nanostructures were synthesized with ease using the extract of the fruit of Flacourtia inermis. This sour fruit, colloquially called “lololikka” is found extensively in some regions of South India and it is reported to possess good antimicrobial activity. We have succeeded in controlling both the size as well as the shape of the particles by merely changing the reaction temperature or the extract concentration thereby rendering the synthesis protocol extremely useful for designing them for medical or catalytic applications. The effect of the nanoparticle shape in its catalytic activity has been studied by following the reduction reaction of 4- nitrophenol.
Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films from Low-Pressure and High-Density CH4 Plasma
Authors: Saha Sucharita , Das Debajyoti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
DLC thin films were grown using a low-pressure high-density CH4/Ar plasma on glass substrates in a planar RF (13.56 MHz) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) CVD system. Using a plasma triggered by RF power to a mixture of 20 sccm CH4 and 50 sccm Ar gas maintained at a low pressure of ∼30 mTorr, a series of samples were prepared by varying the substrate temperature and then changing the RF power. The optimised DLC films, obtained at 500 °C and 900 W demonstrated a high optical transmission of ∼97 % corresponding to awideoptical band gap of ∼3.58 eV; and a minimum of ID/IG ∼0.61 along witha maximum ofIDia/ID ∼1.32 in Raman analysis established the maximum sp3/sp2 content in the carbon network.
Growth of manganite nanoparticles with narrow size distribution using reverse micelle method
Authors: Pratheek  , Bhat S V , Hegde B G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Charge ordering is one of the interesting phenomena exhibited by doped rare earth manganites. Along with the application of a high magnetic field and variation of composition and temperature, the intrinsic method of size reduction to nanoscale is a much investigated method of ‘melting’ the charge order. However, the question of complete melting of charge order versus the melting of only the long range charge order is not yet fully settled. Investigating small enough and monodisperse nanoparticles should help clarify the point. We have prepared nanoparticles of La0.375Ca0,625MnO3, Nd0.375Ca0, 625MnO3, and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 following the two-microemulsion reverse micelle method and characterized them using powder x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. We find that nanoparticles of narrow size distribution are obtained and conclude that with further tuning of the preparation parameters it is possible to achieve monodisperse nanoparticles of the manganites.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Multifunctional Bismuth Ferrite Nanostructures: Effect of Heating Conditions on their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Eledath Manjusha , Vishwanathan Shalini , Chandran Maneesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is a multifunctional perovskite material well-known for its lead-free chemistry, multiferroic properties at room temperature, photovoltaic properties, and photocatalytic activity. BiFeO3 nanostructures were synthesized using sol-gel method by varying annealing temperature and annealing rate. The formation of phase-pure BiFeO3 was confirmed using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.Using scanning electron microscopy, the size of BiFeO3nanostructures was evaluated to be around 100-500 nm depending on the annealing parameters. The bandgap of the synthesized nanostructures was estimated to be 2.18-2.26 eV, with UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by the degradation of malachite green dye under visible light irradiation and their correlation with heating parameters is discussed in detail.
Investigation on the impacts of thickness on thermal stress on Thermoelectric materials MoSi2 and Mo5SiB2
Authors: Singh Sarabjeet , Chandra Sharma Yogesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Thermoelectric cooler employs Peltier effect for dissipating heat in an electronic casing structure. It shows exceptional rewards over conservative cooling skill via quiet process, extended life span, and effortless integration. Nevertheless, Joule heating results in the accumulation of internal heat thereby exposes thermoelectric cooler towards the risk of thermo-mechanical breakdown all through continuous operations in pragmatic thermal surroundings. A relative analysis of the effect of thickness size on thermal stress on MoSi2 and Mo5SiB2 by the COMSOL-Multiphysics platform is offered. Mo5SiB2 in comparison to MoSi2 has lower anisotropic single crystal elastic moduli, along with lower shear modulus. Mo5SiB2 has a slightly higher bulk, shear and Young’s than MoSi2. RT Vickers hardness of Mo5SiB2 is much larger than those of MoSi2. Fracture toughness is comparable to those of MoSi2. In this paper, a 3D module of thermoelectric materials MoSi2 and Mo5SiB2 is designed on the way to examine the effect of thermal stress with increasing thickness of the material taking into consideration the temperature reliant TE material traits. One side of the module is kept at 300K with fixed constraints while the other side is kept at 1200K. It has been observed that the thermal stress induced in MoSi2 and Mo5SiB2 decrease exponentially with increase in thickness of the material. Beyond thickness of 500 nm, the incremental difference in thermal stress is not large although a slight rise in stress level is observed at thickness 700 nm. It was found that the induced thermal stress for a particular thickness in Mo5SiB2 is lower than MoSi2. For MoSi2, the voltage swings across the length is from -2.42mV to 1.09 mV whereas for Mo5SiB2, the voltage swings across the length is from -1.87 mV to 1.64 mV. It was found that excessive elevated levels of thermal strain may source the dislocations as well as cracks in the layers of the material.
Preparation of CdS and its Photocalytic behaviour for Dye Degradation
Authors: Patil Bharati N , Acharya Smita A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A short time ago, transition metal sulphides like CdS has been arduously studied because it has unique catalytic functions. This disclosed that CdS nanocrystals are good photocatalysts because it can quickly generate electron-hole pairs by photo-excitation. In the present work, CdS is prepared by hydrothermal process. Prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffractions (XRD), SEM, Optical study, and for evaluation of photophysical properties, UV/VIS spectra were recorded. By UV irradiation and photocatalytic decay of dyes, the photoactivity of synthesised CdS was accessed. The CdS shows higher catalytic activity.
Synthesis and Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles in Various Ionic Liquids
Authors: Singh Chanchal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) was carried out in various Ionic Liquids under variable temperature and with different palladium precursors. Further study showed that nitrogen containing functional group are better for generation of PdNPs. The size of nanoparticles was determined by TEM which showed the high variation in shape and size, and presence of a built-in stabilizing agent enhanced dispersibility of PdNP in different organic solvents. PdNPs formed was found to be catalytic active under standard carbon-carbon bond coupling reaction.PdNPs was synthesized by the thermal reduction in nitrile functionalized ionic liquid which act as in-situ catalyst C-C coupling reaction.
Electron Transport in N-functionalised Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons: Computational Insight
Authors: Agrawal Sonal , Srivastava Anurag , Kaushal Gaurav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) theoryhas been used to explore the electronic and transport properties of (3, 0) pristine armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNR) and its Nitrogen (N) doped counterparts. The analysis has been performed for four different Nitrogen doping concentrations i.e., 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75% and 25% by replacing the carbon atoms of the pristine AGNR. The computed formation energy (Eform) confirms that the stability of N-doped AGNR is comparable to pristine AGNR. Band structure and density of states profile shows that pristine AGNRs havea band gap of 1.06 eV and introduction of N doping changes its behavior to n-type semiconductor. Interestingly, in N doped AGNR, its metallic character remains intact with increasing concentration of N and shows superior current-voltage characteristics compared to linear atomic chains of metals, with 25% doping concentration. This interesting behavior of N doped AGNR can be exploited for its application as electrodes or interconnects in electronic devices.
Chalcogenide Photonic Crystal: Channel Drop Filter
Authors: Singh Rajpal , Bhargava Anami 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, we have studied a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure of square lattice as channel drop filter application. Photonic crystal structure of square lattice was constructed with circular rods are embedded in air medium. The channel drop filter was designed with a point defect cavity nearby a waveguide, which constructed by removing a single row of rods near cavity. The cavity was designed by removing a number of rods, which characterized with dimension of the cavity. The transmission spectra were analyzed for the channel drop filter with the dimension of the cavity.
Investigate the Optical, Structural and electrochemical properties of PVC/PMMA/NiO blend films
Authors: Basappa M , Ganesha H , Veeresh S , Nagaraju Y S , Vandana M , Vijeth H , Devendrappa H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PVC/PMMA and PVC/PMMA/NiO blend films were prepared by solution casting technique. The FT-IR spectra confirms the change in the band structure and presence of hydrogen chlorine and Ni-O bond in the PVC/PMMA and NiO loaded blend film and XRD pattern reveals the formation of NiO phase in the PVC/PMMA polymer with exhibits the amorphous nature, it may increase the conductivity and stability of the material.The surface morphology shows the NiO homogeneously dispersed on the surface of PVC/PMMA matrix, and CV curve demonstrate that the rectangular shape at different scan rate from 10 mV/s to 50 mV/s. The PVC/PMMA/NiO 3% loaded polymer blend films shows the synergistic properties towards the electrochemical performance.
Reply to ‘Commentary on Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure, (2020) Plasma Res. Express

2 025014)’
Authors: Iseni S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This is a Reply to the Comment of Dozias S., Pouvesle J.-M. and Robert E. on the paper ‘Mapping the electric field vector of guided ionization waves at atmospheric pressure’. The criticism in the Comment, namely that the measurements and the subsequent interpretations are wrong, seems to be invalid. Additional information will be detailed to discuss the point of view of the authors. However, the criticism raises an interesting comparison of two data sets presented in a normalized color scale. The resulting figure clearly supports the argument that the plasma-induced electric field measurements are consistent and validates the experimental investigation.
McKeown esophagectomy: robot-assisted versus conventional minimally invasive technique—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Jianghui , Xu Jinye , Chen Liangliang , Hu Junxi , Shu Yusheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose: This meta-analysis assesses the surgical outcomes between robot-assisted minimally-invasive McKeown esophagectomy and conventional one. Method: This meta-analysis searched the Web of Science, PUBMED, and EMBASE from the database’s inception to January 2022. Altogether, 1073 records were identified in the literature search. Studies that evaluated the outcomes between robot-assisted minimally-invasive McKeown esophagectomy and conventional one among postoperative patients with oesophageal neoplasms were included. The assessed outcomes involved complications and clinical outcomes. In addition, heterogeneity was analyzed, and evidence quality was evaluated. Result: Evidence indicated that RAMIE (minimally-invasive esophagectomy assisted with robot) decreased incidences of lung complications and hospital stay as well as increased harvested lymph nodes. Conclusions: There was currently little evidence from randomized studies depicting that robot surgery manifested a clear overall advantage, but there was growing evidence regarding the clinical benefits of robot-assisted minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy over conventional one.
Avian-associated Aspergillus fumigatus displays broad phylogenetic distribution, no evidence for host specificity, and multiple genotypes within epizootic events
Authors: Lofgren Lotus A , Lorch Jeffrey M , Cramer Robert A , Blehert David S , Berlowski-Zier Brenda M , Winzeler Megan E , Gutierrez-Perez Cecilia , Kordana Nicole E , Stajich Jason E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Birds are highly susceptible to aspergillosis, which can manifest as a primary infection in both domestic and wild birds. Aspergillosis in wild birds causes mortalities ranging in scale from single animals to large-scale epizootic events. However, pathogenicity factors associated with aspergillosis in wild birds have not been examined. Specifically, it is unknown whether wild bird-infecting strains are host-adapted (i.e. phylogenetically related). Similarly, it is unknown whether epizootics are driven by contact with clonal strains that possess unique pathogenic or virulence properties, or by distinct and equally pathogenic strains. Here, we use a diverse collection of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates taken from aspergillosis-associated avian carcasses, representing 24 bird species from a wide geographic range, and representing individual bird mortalities as well as epizootic events. These isolates were sequenced and analyzed along with 130 phylogenetically diverse human clinical isolates to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic placement of avian-associated A. fumigatus, the geographic and host distribution of avian isolates, evidence for clonal outbreaks among wild birds, and the frequency of azole resistance in avian isolates. We found that avian isolates were phylogenetically diverse, with no clear distinction from human clinical isolates, and no sign of host or geographic specificity. Avian isolates from the same epizootic events were diverse and phylogenetically distant, suggesting that avian aspergillosis is not contagious among wild birds and that outbreaks are likely driven by environmental spore loads or host comorbidities. Finally, all avian isolates were susceptible to Voriconazole and none contained the canonical azole resistance gene variants.
DDRGK1 is required for the proper development and maintenance of the growth plate cartilage
Authors: Weisz-Hubshman Monika , Egunsula Adetutu T , Dawson Brian , Castellon Alexis , Jiang Ming-Ming , Chen-Evenson Yuqing , Zhiyin Yu , Lee Brendan , Bae Yangjin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLoss-of-function mutations in DDRGK1 have been shown to cause Shohat type spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD). In zebrafish, loss of function of ddrgk1 leads to defects in early cartilage development. Ddrgk1−/− mice show delayed mesenchymal condensation in the limb buds and early embryonic lethality. Mechanistically, Ddrgk1 interacts with Sox9 and reduces ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of Sox9 protein. To investigate the cartilage-specific role of DDRGK1, conditional knockout mice were generated by intercrossing Prx1-Cre transgenic mice with Ddrgkfl/fl mice to delete its expression in limb mesenchymal cells. Mutant mice showed progressive severe shortening of the limbs and joint abnormalities. The growth plate showed disorganization with shortened proliferative zone and enlarged hypertrophic zone. In correlation with these findings, Sox9 and Col2a1 protein levels were decreased, while Col10a1 expression was expanded. These data demonstrate the importance of Ddrgk1 during growth plate development. In contrast, deletion of Ddrgk1 with the osteoblast-specific Osteocalcin-Cre and Leptin receptor-Cre lines did not show bone phenotypes, suggesting that the effect on limb development is cartilage-specific. To evaluate the role of DDRGK1 in cartilage postnatal homeostasis, inducible Agc1-CreERT2; Ddrgklfl/fl mice were generated. Mice in which Ddrgk1 was deleted at 3 months of age showed disorganized growth plate, with significant reduction in proteoglycan deposition. These data demonstrate a postnatal requirement for Ddrgk1 in maintaining normal growth plate morphology. Together, these findings highlight the physiological role of Ddrgk1 in the development and maintenance of the growth plate cartilage. Furthermore, these genetic mouse models recapitulate the clinical phenotype of short stature and joint abnormalities observed in patients with Shohat type SEMD.
Marronage or Underground? The Black Geographies of Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad and Ta-Nehisi Coates’s The Water Dancer
Authors: Waller Nicole 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
I combine a reading of contemporary scholarship on US maroon histories and the Underground Railroad—and the concomitant notions of marronage and the underground—with a reading of two recent works of African American literature: Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad (2016) and Ta-Nehisi Coates’s The Water Dancer (2019). Foregrounding the idea of Black geographies as a form of placemaking and “thinking otherwise” about land and water, I suggest that despite the differing, and at times contrasting, trajectories of maroon histories and the histories of Black flight to the North, African American maroon experiences and the Underground Railroad are conceptually connected in contemporary African American literature. I read the two novels as recent literary expressions of this conceptual link, which is played out via representations of relating to the land. By reimagining and intertwining marronage and the underground, both novels articulate a critique of settler-colonial and plantation modes of spatial practice, modes they identify as formative for US-American nationhood. They also, tentatively but forcefully, gesture toward alternative ways of being “above” and “below” the land while affirming African American connectedness to place.
Distribution and the evolutionary history of G-protein components in plant and algal lineages
Authors: Mohanasundaram Boominathan , Dodds Audrey , Kukshal Vandna , Jez Joseph M , Pandey Sona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeterotrimeric G-protein complexes comprising Gα-, Gβ-, and Gγ-subunits and the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) are conserved across most eukaryotic lineages. Signaling pathways mediated by these proteins influence overall growth, development, and physiology. In plants, this protein complex has been characterized primarily from angiosperms with the exception of spreading-leaved earth moss (Physcomitrium patens) and Chara braunii (charophytic algae). Even within angiosperms, specific G-protein components are missing in certain species, whereas unique plant-specific variants—the extra-large Gα (XLGα) and the cysteine-rich Gγ proteins—also exist. The distribution and evolutionary history of G-proteins and their function in nonangiosperm lineages remain mostly unknown. We explored this using the wealth of available sequence data spanning algae to angiosperms representing extant species that diverged approximately 1,500 million years ago, using BLAST, synteny analysis, and custom-built Hidden Markov Model profile searches. We show that a minimal set of components forming the XLGαβγ trimer exists in the entire land plant lineage, but their presence is sporadic in algae. Additionally, individual components have distinct evolutionary histories. The XLGα exhibits many lineage-specific gene duplications, whereas Gα and RGS show several instances of gene loss. Similarly, Gβ remained constant in both number and structure, but Gγ diverged before the emergence of land plants and underwent changes in protein domains, which led to three distinct subtypes. These results highlight the evolutionary oddities and summarize the phyletic patterns of this conserved signaling pathway in plants. They also provide a framework to formulate pertinent questions on plant G-protein signaling within an evolutionary context.