bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in utilization of first‐line palliative treatments for anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Radhakrishnan Srinidhi J. , Goksu Suleyman Y. , Radhakrishnan Saikripa M. , Beg Muhammad S. , Sanford Nina N. , Kazmi Syed M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnal squamous cell carcinoma patients often present with significant symptoms, including pain, bleeding, and obstructive symptoms. This requires palliation‐directed therapy as a first‐line treatment to alleviate symptoms. The proportion of patients receiving first‐line palliative treatments is unknown. We aimed to study the factors associated with the use of first‐line palliative treatments in stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma patients.MethodsWe used the National Cancer Database to identify adult patients diagnosed with stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2016. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine the clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with the utilization of palliative treatment in the first‐line setting, including palliative radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and pain management.ResultsAmong 16,944 patients diagnosed with stage II–IV anal squamous cell carcinoma, only a small proportion of 492 (2.9%) required first‐line palliative treatments to control symptoms. The majority of these patients received palliative radiotherapy (32%), followed by palliative surgery (25%), palliative chemotherapy (19%), combination therapies (14%), and pain management (10%). On multivariable analysis, higher stage disease, lower income, Medicare and Medicaid insurance, and life expectancy <6 months were associated with higher odds of use of first‐line palliative therapy.ConclusionsFirst‐line use of palliative treatments to control symptoms is needed in a small proportion of anal squamous cell cancer patients. It was utilized in all stages, but it was most frequently observed in patients with stage IV disease and patients with <6 months life expectancy. First‐line palliative therapy was also more frequent in lower‐income patients and patients with Medicare and Medicaid insurance which highlights the disparities in anal cancer management.
A phase II study of antiangiogenic therapy (Apatinib) plus chemotherapy as second‐line treatment in advanced small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Yinghui , Wang Xu , Sun Chao , Gao Zhiru , He Hua , Qiu Shi , Guo Ye , Ma Xiaohui , Song Junya , Ma Kewei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, only a few options are available for the treatment of patients with small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) after the failure of first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib plus chemotherapy for second‐line treatment of advanced SCLC.Patients and MethodsThis prospective clinical trial recruited patients treated with apatinib plus second‐line chemotherapy until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Logrank test power analysis was used for calculating samples. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and safety.ResultsA total of 29/31 enrolled patients were available for response evaluation until October 2019. The ORR and DCR were 27.59% (8/29) and 96.55% (28/29), respectively. The median PFS and OS were 7.36 months and 14.16 months, respectively, indicating better efficacy compared with the standard second‐line chemotherapies. The most common adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (41.94%, 13/31), followed by leucopenia (35.48%, 11/31) and thrombocytopenia (25.81%, 8/31). The grade 3–4 AEs occurred in 12 (38.71%) patients, of which neutropenia (19.35%, 6/31), leucopenia (9.68%, 3/31), and proteinuria (6.45%, 2/31) were most common. Patients receiving an initial dose of apatinib 250 mg had a better tolerance.ConclusionAntiangiogenic therapy plus chemotherapy had encouraging efficacy in advanced SCLC patients, which provides an insight into the current status of second‐line therapy in SCLC.
Evaluation of an artificial intelligence support system for breast cancer screening in Chinese people based on mammogram
Authors: Bao Chengzhen , Shen Jie , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yan , Wei Wei , Wang Ziteng , Ding Jia , Han Lili 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiologists on breast cancer with or without artificial intelligence (AI) support.MethodsA retrospective study was performed. In total, 643 mammograms (average age: 54 years; female: 100%; cancer: 62.05%) were randomly allocated into two groups. Seventy‐five percent of mammograms in each group were randomly selected for assessment by two independent radiologists, and the rest were read once. Half of the 71 radiologists could read mammograms with AI support, and the other half could not. Sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index, agreement rate, Kappa value, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the reading time of radiologists in each group were analyzed.ResultsThe average AUC was higher if the AI support system was used (unaided: 0.84; with AI support: 0.91; p < 0.01). The average sensitivity increased from 84.77% to 95.07% with AI support (p < 0.01), but the average specificity decreased (p = 0.07). Youden's index, agreement rate and Kappa value were larger in the group with AI support, and the average reading time was shorter (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe AI support system might contribute to enhancing the diagnostic performance (e.g., higher sensitivity and AUC) of radiologists. In the future, the AI algorithm should be improved, and prospective studies should be conducted.
Anticholinergic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties of Vitex Agnus‐Castus L. Seed Extract: Assessment of Its Phenolic Content by LC/MS/MS
Authors: Kavaz Arzu , Işık Mesut , Dikici Emrah , Yüksel Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this current study, Vitex agnus‐castus seed ethanol extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical component content, anticholinergic and antioxidant activities, and antibacterial properties. The phenolic compound composition of these seeds was determined by using LC/MS/MS. Antioxidant activity of the seeds was examined by the DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+–Fe2+ reducing, and CUPRAC. Also, the anticholinergic activity was measured by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The main phenolic compound was vanillic acid (22812.05 μg/L) and followed by luteolin, fumaric acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, butein, ellagic acid, resveratrol, catechin hydrate, phloridzin dehydrate, naringenin, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging value of ethanol extract of plant seeds was 9.41 %, while the ABTS radical scavenging activity was determined as 12.66 %. The ethanol extract of the seeds exhibited antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium, differently. S. aureus was found to be more susceptible to the extract than other bacteria. Also, the inhibition effect of seed ethanolic extract on the AChE with IC50 values were 36.34±5.6 μg/mL. From the results, V. agnus‐castus seed can be suggested as a promising natural antioxidant and antibacterial candidate for the preservation of foods.
Doing procedures for patients rather than to patients
Authors: Malik Shahbaz A. , Goldsweig Andrew M. 
Published: September 2022

Key Points
Frailty is a multifactorial condition by which aging and medical complexity diminish the ability of the body to withstand stressors.
In patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), frailty is associated with postoperative complications, 30‐day mortality, 3‐month mortality, and 1‐year mortality.
Development of accurate and easy‐to‐use frailty assessment tools can facilitate selection of appropriate patients for TAVR as well as guide TAVR‐inappropriate patients to other treatment pathways such as medical therapy and palliative care
Finding the best protocol for shock
Authors: Reilly John P. , Chen On 
Published: September 2022

Key Points
Guidance of mechanical circulatory support by an SOP may help improve patient selection for MCS.
Sharing strategies that Improve patient selection for the various MCS strategies can help improve survival and reduce the risk of device associated complications.
Randomized trials comparing different treatment strategies in patients presenting with AMI and CS are needed to clear the answer.
Blocking short‐term gains
Authors: Eng Marvin H. 
Published: September 2022

Key Points
The National Inpatient Survey (NIS) corroborates left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with less pacemaker implantation than right bundle branch block (RBBB).
Rates of inpatient pacemaker implantations have trended lower over time, possibly due to improvement of patient selection, implant technique and perhaps due to early discharge protocols.
Care should be exercised when inferring the rates of pacemaker implantation from an inpatient only database when patients have been known to develop late heart block and sometimes require readmission.
The identification of a novel frameshift insertion mutation in the EXT1 gene in a Chinese family with hereditary multiple exostoses
Authors: Liu Wanlu , Shi Xinwei , Li Yuqi , Qiao Fuyuan , Wu Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo identify the pathogenic gene variation in a Chinese family with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME). By examining blood‐sourced DNA and clinical manifestations of the proband and his family members, the whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to detect possibly pathogenic mutations. A novel heterozygous mutation (c.325dup) was identified in exon 1 of the exostosin 1 (EXT1) gene from the proband and the affected family members. And we found this mutation was absent in all the unaffected family members. This c.325dup mutation is in the exon 1 domain of the EXT1 gene and the change of p.C109Lfs*80 cause the early termination of protein translation. The identification of the novel frameshift insertion mutation (c.325dup) expands the mutation spectrum of HME, which provides new evidence for HME diagnosis.
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy on a tubal stump: A case report
Authors: Homagain Sushan , Kharal Nawaraj , Khanal Himal , Shahi Tejash , Pandey Jyoti , Katuwal Neeta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTubal stump ectopic pregnancy is a rare event. Early diagnosis and management can spare patients from significant morbidity; however, patients usually present with hemoperitoneum in developing countries. A long tubal stump might increase the risk for tubal stump pregnancy; hence, the length of fallopian tube should be minimized during salpingectomy.
Recent Developments in Methanol Technology by Air Liquide for CO2 Reduction and CO2 Usage
Authors: Haag Stéphane , Drosdzol Christopher , Williams Bryce , Peña Vincent , Palauschek Norbert , Wilken Michael , Günther Armin , Gronemann Veronika , Roesch Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWithin the energy transition and decarbonization of the industrial sector, one of the main challenges is identifying competitive solutions to capture CO2 from chemical and energy plants to reduce emissions. The reduction of the carbon footprint as well as the valorization of CO2‐rich gases are of increasing interest for many industries and methanol is a perfect fit for energy storage, for producing clean fuels, and as building block for producing high value chemicals. In this article, an update of recent developments by Air Liquide Engineering & Construction regarding methanol technology is provided, focusing on CO2 reduction of large‐scale plants and on new solutions for CO2 utilization. For large‐scale methanol plants, drop‐in solutions using carbon capture technologies can be proposed to dramatically decrease the CO2 emissions.
In‐situ monitoring of decane‐in‐water emulsion during microwave irradiation
Authors: Ueda Shota , Nakanishi Sari , Shibatani Atsuya , Asakuma Yusuke , Phan Chi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrowave (MW)‐assisted de‐emulsification has been attractive in processes of petroleum production and refining. However, the mechanism and optimal operation remain poorly understood. In this study, the behaviour of decane‐in‐water emulsion under MW irradiation was monitored in‐situ through a size measurement system equipped with the reactor and surface tension profiles. The results indicated that the bubble was formed around the oil droplet during MW irradiation. The MW‐induced bubbles can enhance de‐emulsification in a similar mechanism as the flotation column. The efficiency of MW de‐emulsification depends on emulsion content and MW power. Although a higher MW power is more effective, boiling caused by excessive energy must be considered due to the higher local heating. As a result, moderate power is more desirable. For the decane‐in‐water emulsions in this study, the optimal condition was determined to be around 500 W.
Chimeric antigen receptor engineered cells and their clinical application in infectious disease
Authors: Qian Chen , Bo Xiao‐Chen , Hao Jia‐Qi , Wang Zeng , Li Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfectious diseases remain a major burden on global public health and socio‐economic stability. Despite that great progress has been made in the development of drugs, the resulting drug resistance remains a major problem. Patients with no response or recurrence need alternative treatment strategies. The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy that achieves great success in treating cancer provides new opportunities for treating infectious diseases. It has a series of advantages in targeting, efficacy, and durability. In this review, we discussed different CAR strategies for infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, human cytomegalovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, influenza A virus and Aspergillus germlings. Among all these infectious diseases, CAR therapy for HIV has been the most studied, so in this review, we mainly reported on recent developments in preclinical and clinical studies on anti‐HIV CARs and highlighted their structural evolution. The current advantages, challenges and potential improvements of CAR therapy in infectious diseases were discussed as well. We also compared CAR‐T cells applied to tumours and infectious diseases in the final part.
Cytologic features of metastatic epithelioid uterine leiomyosarcoma to the pancreas
Authors: Hardy Naomi L. , Canakis Andrew , Staats Paul N. , Darwin Peter , Legesse Teklu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare disease, it accounts for a significant proportion uterine cancer‐related deaths due to frequent metastasis and chemoresistance. The WHO currently recognizes the conventional (spindle), myxoid, and epithelioid variants of ULMS, the latter of which is the rarest, least understood, and cited as clinically more aggressive than the other variants. Descriptions of the histologic features of epithelioid ULMS are extremely limited, and are absent from the cytology literature which has only published descriptions of conventional ULMS or epithelioid variants of other LMS primaries. Therefore, we present a unique case of metastatic epithelioid ULMS to an unusual location, the pancreas, along with its cytologic features on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration not previously described including pseudoglandular arrangements, scant cytoplasm, and frequent molding.
The first documentation of the Nearctic–Paleotropical migratory route of the Arctic Warbler
Authors: Adams Evan M. , Stenhouse Iain J. , Gilbert Andrew T. , Boelsma Jill , Gress George , Weidensaul C. Scott , Grigsby Charles , Williams Emily J. , Phillips Laura , McIntyre Carol L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) is a cryptically plumed songbird with an uncommon Nearctic–Paleotropical migratory strategy. Using light‐level geolocators, we provide the first documentation of the migratory routes and wintering locations of two territorial adult male Arctic Warblers from Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. After accounting for position estimation uncertainties and biases, we found that both individuals departed their breeding grounds in early September, stopped over in southeastern Russia and China during autumn migration, then wintered in the Philippines and the island of Palau. Our documentation of Arctic Warbler wintering on Palau suggests that additional study is needed to document their wintering range. Our study provides hitherto unknown information on stopover and wintering locations for Arctic Warblers and indicates that this species may migrate further overwater than previously thought.
The chemical biogeography of a widespread aromatic plant species shows both spatial and temporal variation
Authors: Keefover‐Ring Ken 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, but intraspecific variation in space and time can alter the ecological interactions these compounds mediate. The aim of this work was to document the spatial and temporal chemical biogeography ofMonarda fistulosa. I collected leaves from 1587M. fistulosaindividuals from 86 populations from Colorado to Manitoba, extracted and analyzed their terpenes with gas chromatography, mapped monoterpene chemotypes, and analyzed chemical variation with principal component analysis. I also measured the amounts of terpenes in different plant tissues to examine intraplant variation and monitored leaf terpene chemistry over a single growing season to examine temporal patterns. Finally, I extracted terpenes from herbarium samples up to 125 years old and compared the chemotypes with recent samples from the same sites.M. fistulosapopulations consisted mostly of thymol (T) and carvacrol (C) chemotypes, but geraniol (G) and (R)‐(−)‐linalool (L), a chemotype new to this species, were also present. A principal component analysis showed that most of the chemical variation across populations was due to the amounts of the dominant terpene in plants. Intraplant tissue chemistry revealed that leaves mostly had the greatest amounts of terpenes, followed by floral structures, stems, and roots. Short‐term temporal variation in leaf chemistry of T and C plants over a growing season showed that plants produced the highest levels of biosynthetic precursors early in the season and their dominant monoterpenes peaked in mid‐summer. Plant chemotype was discernable in the oldest herbarium samples, and 15 of 18 historic samples matched the majority chemotype currently at the site, indicating that population chemotype ratios may remain stable over longer time scales. Overall, the results show that plant species' secondary chemistry can vary both spatially and temporally, which may alter the biological interactions that these compounds mediate over space and time.
Use of Carbon Nitrides as Photoactive Supports in Single‐Atom Heterogeneous Catalysis for Synthetic Purposes
Authors: Gentile Giuseppe , Marchi Miriam , Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo , Prato Maurizio , Filippini Giacomo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the field of dual photocatalysis has become an increasingly popular tool for the functionalization of organic substrates under mild operative conditions. Single‐atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs), where the metal atoms are stabilized by means of properly structured photoactive supports, are currently one of the frontiers of this research field. To this end, Carbon Nitrides (CNs) have emerged as ideal two‐dimensional semiconducting supports, capable of stabilizing single metal sites (for instance: nickel, iron, among other) through nitrogen‐rich structures. This Concept highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of carbon nitride‐based SACs and their applications in light‐driven dual‐catalytic processes, also providing forward‐looking opportunities within this research area.
Demand response‐based operation of a hybrid renewable energy system with energy storage by multi‐objective optimization and multi‐criteria decision making
Authors: Bakhshaei Peyman , Askarzadeh Alireza , Arababadi Reza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHybridization of photovoltaic (PV) and pumped hydro storage (PHS) can be a promising renewable energy‐based system. In such system, optimal operation with respect to reliability is a vital and challenging issue. This paper proposes a multi‐objective framework for optimal operation of an on‐grid PV‐PHS hybrid energy system (HES). For this aim, as the first stage, a multi‐objective model is defined in which operation cost (OC) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP) are considered as objective functions and power purchased from the grid and incentive value (used for demand response) are regarded as decision variables. Multi‐objective crow search algorithm (MOCSA) is developed to find a well‐distributed and widely spread Pareto front. At the second stage, a multi‐criteria decision making (MCDM) method is proposed to evaluate and rank non‐dominated solutions from the best to worst. To conduct MCDM, technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) integrated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is utilized. On the case study, simulation results show that a high reliability system is suggested in which LPSP, OC and incentive values are 0, 35.2 $ and 0.068 $/kW, respectively.
Influence of tar–char interaction on solid fuel formation by co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and waste plastic
Authors: Sasaki Yuta , Kato Mai , Komiyama Masaharu , Loong Glen Khew Mun , Tanoue Ken‐ichiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCo‐pyrolysis of bamboo and plastic powder was conducted in order to investigate how to produce “ecological” solid fuel. The mixing percentage of the powders wp and the setting temperature of the reactor wall TS were changed. At TS = 573 K the decomposition of the simulated waste plastic was progressed on the surface of the bamboo char during co‐pyrolysis while the tar from bamboo pyrolysis was wrapped by the molten plastic. The pores on the surface of the bamboo particles decreased with wp because they could be wrapped by the molten plastic. The particle size increased with wp. On the other hand, at TS = 673 K the co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and simulated waste plastic was disturbed partly by the interaction during co‐pyrolysis of polypropylene (PS) and Polyethylene terephthalate while the co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and PS was progressed. The grindability increased with TS and decreased with wp as most of the molten plastic coagulated after co‐pyrolysis because the shape of particles changed from small fibrous particles to large granular particles with wp. At 30 wt% < wp < 70 wt%, the higher heating value (HHV) at TS = 673 K was mostly lower than that at TS = 573 K because the char yield in the mixture was lower than that of the expected char yield due to the progress of the simulated waste plastic pyrolysis at TS = 673 K. The energy yield had a local minimum value at wp = 10 wt% because the char yield increased by the coating of molten plastic during co‐pyrolysis even if the TS increased. The energy yield decreased with TS. The optimum condition for the solid fuel, which was evaluated by grindability, HHV, and energy yield was TS = 623 K and wp = 10 wt%.