bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible diets enable pollinators to cope with changes in plant community composition
Authors: Morán‐López Teresa , Benadi Gita , Lara‐Romero Carlos , Chacoff Natacha , Vitali Agustin , Pescador David , Lomáscolo Silvia B. , Morente‐López Javier , Vázquez Diego P. , Morales Juan M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSwitching plant species visited by pollinators (partner flexibility) has been proposed as a behavioural mechanism able to attenuate the negative impacts of shifts in plant communities on pollination. However, it is unclear whether the magnitude of such response is generalizable or depends on the environmental context. Moreover, the ability of pollinators to exploit plants with dissimilar traits (trait flexibility) has been overlooked, even though it can affect the spectrum of new partners available.To shed some light on this problem, we quantified partner and trait flexibility in five communities from four different environments, from Alpine to semi‐arid. We evaluated whether the rate at which pollinators incorporated new plant species throughout the flowering season was similar across communities or context dependent. Then, we assessed whether pollinators changed the type of flowers visited and if such trait flexibility was related to their capacity to visit new plant species. Finally, we developed an agent‐based model to explore whether diet flexibility can protect pollination when the plant community changes. To this end, we used scenarios of phenological decoupling.In general, pollinators switched interaction partners to cope with the temporal replacement of plant species. Yet, the magnitude of such behaviour varied across communities, probably in response to differences in the number of floral resources available. Also, pollinators were able to visit plant species with dissimilar traits, though both components of diet flexibility (partner identity and traits) did not necessarily covary. Thus, to have a full picture of pollinators' diet flexibility, we need to consider the floral traits of partners. Finally, our theoretical model shows that diet flexibility can protect pollination after shifts in plant communities, but that such positive effects are limited by trait‐matching between co‐occurring species.Synthesis. Overall, our study highlights the importance of incorporating plant traits when evaluating the ability of pollinators to find new interaction partners. Besides, our simulation results suggest that diet flexibility may not unequivocally protect pollination against changes in plant communities, especially if they entail shifts in the characteristics of the floral assemblage, and hence, the ability of pollinators to find new interaction partners can be compromised.
Effectiveness of sensory modulation for people with schizophrenia: A multisite quantitative prospective cohort study
Authors: Machingura Tawanda , Shum David , Lloyd Chris , Murphy Karen , Rathbone Evelyne , Green Heather 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrent research evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia have sensory processing difficulties. Sensory modulation has growing evidence for use in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which health, social, cognitive, and occupational functioning outcomes were impacted by sensory modulation interventions for people with schizophrenia.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study using a waitlist control design was used in two large hospital and health services in Queensland, Australia. The study recruited patients who used sensory modulation (n = 30) across the two hospitals and those who did not use sensory modulation interventions as a control (n = 11). Results were analysed using a series of planned comparisons including independent and paired t‐tests, and mixed ANOVA was used whenever statistically indicated. The analysed measures were pre‐ and post‐intervention scores.ResultsThis study found no statically significant differences between the control and intervention groups at both pre‐ and post‐intervention. However, analysis of results from within the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements between pre‐ and post‐test scores on distress, occupational functioning, and health and social functioning but not on sensory processing and global cognitive processing. Further analysis of results from this study, compared with those from an earlier study on the general population showed significant differences in Low Registration and Sensation Avoiding, as measured by the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile, between participants with schizophrenia and those without schizophrenia.ConclusionThis study provides evidence to suggest that sensory modulation interventions can be complementary to standard care when utilised appropriately in clinical settings. Findings also suggest that the sensory profile of people with schizophrenia is different to that of the general population and this may have clinical implications. Further longitudinal research is needed with larger and randomised samples, using more targeted measures to better explore effectiveness of sensory modulation interventions.
Basic education as a collective good: In defence of the school as a public social institution
Authors: Kannisto Tarna Kaisa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that the more objectively desirable children's formal education is, the stronger are the moral reasons to conceptualise the school normatively as a public social institution. Social institutions are goods-producing teleological entities for which the good created provides a central framework for the normative evaluation of the institution. The intrinsic value of desirable human goods morally obliges both their collective availability and collective production that, on a large scale, is possible only via public social institutions. In contrast, private social institutions are disposed to produce goods whether instrumentally or exclusively, and thus, within private institutions, the production and distribution of the desirable goods is easily compromised for private purposes, such as for monetary profit, ideological gain or the internal coherence of a social group. Privatisation of desirable goods thus endangers their collective availability. Moreover, private social institutions are required to bring forth the aggregated interests of their members that might only have an arbitrary connection to desirable goods, whereas public institutions are morally and politically responsible to the general public to guarantee the collective availability of the goods that they produce. Therefore, if children's formal education is considered a desirable good, it is also a collective good that ought primally be publicly produced.
Review of direct PCR and Rapid DNA approaches to streamline sexual assault kit testing
Authors: Harrel Michelle , Holmes Amy S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCrime laboratories have been faced with large casework backlogs due to lengthy processing times, limited resources and scientists, and rising crime rates. Evidence related to sexual assault crimes, specifically sexual assault kits (SAKs), heavily contribute to the reported backlogs. Although more sensitive, faster chemistries and automated techniques have been implemented over the years, the traditional STR workflow remains relatively unchanged. Enhanced workflows such as direct PCR and Rapid DNA have the potential to streamline the processing of forensic evidence items including those commonly submitted in SAKs, but the FBI QAS guidelines restrict CODIS‐approved labs from implementing these methods for forensic samples. Recent studies have shown decreased turnaround times and improved or comparable profiling success with both approaches. However, review of the literature shows a lack of in‐depth research comparing traditional DNA workflows to faster and more sensitive direct PCR and/or Rapid DNA approaches for evidentiary samples, especially for SAKs. By providing the forensic science and criminal justice communities with the strengths and limitations of direct PCR and Rapid DNA methods, stakeholders and policy makers may be better informed.
Long‐term outcomes after esophagectomy for end‐stage achalasia: A bridge to a better quality of life?
Authors: Bard Vyacheslav , Solomon Daniel , Raveh Guy , Menasherov Nikolai , Kashtan Hanoch 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the outcomes of patients with end‐stage achalasia (ESA) who underwent esophagectomy.MethodsAll patients who underwent esophagectomy for ESA and replied to a QoL‐centred questionnaire from 2002 to 2015 were included.ResultsOverall, 14 patients underwent esophagectomy for ESA, 12 (85.7%) patients completed the questionnaire and were included in the study. Patients were referred for esophagectomy after 18.5 median years (IQR1‐3 13.5–35.25) since presentation of symptoms. Heller's myotomy was previously performed in eight patients (66.7%). Major postoperative complications occurred in 2 (16.7%) patients. No patients required reoperation, and there was no postoperative mortality. At a median follow‐up of 84 months (IQR1‐3 60–84 months), satisfaction in postoperative symptom control was reported in 10 (83.3%) patients. Patients reported significant improvements in frequency of dysphagia (p < .001), regurgitation (p = .004), heartburn (p = .034), cough (p = .003), and odynophagia (p = .001). Specifically, incidence of dysphagia for liquid food was reduced from 100% to 16.7% (p < .001), for semisolid food from 81.8% to 16.7% (p = .003), and for solid food from 100% to 41.7% (p = .005).ConclusionsIn select patients suffering from long‐standing ESA, esophagectomy is feasible and is associated with good perioperative and long‐term outcomes.
Radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: Hong Kong status in the era of Surgical Outcomes Monitoring and Improvement Programme
Authors: Chau Hin Lysander , Ng Tsui‐lin , Kan Chi‐fai , Yee Chi‐hang , Leung Lok‐hei , Ho Kowk‐leung , So Hing‐shing , Chu Sau‐kwan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to show the status of radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer since the introduction of the Surgical Outcomes Monitoring and Improvement Programme (SOMIP) among hospitals from six clusters under the Hospital Authority.Patients and MethodsAll RPs including robot‐assisted laparoscopic RP (RALRP), traditional laparoscopic RP (LRP) and open RP (ORP) performed between July 2009 and June 2017 were reviewed through electronic patient records under the SOMIP. The pre‐operative cancer characteristics, perioperative parameters, pathology, functional outcomes and early oncological outcomes were studied.ResultsA total of 1998 men were included in the analysis including 1446 RALRP, 500 LRP and 52 ORP cases. The overall mean procedure time was 295, 258 and 239 minutes, respectively. About 80.4% of RP cases had blood loss of more than 100 ml with a mean blood loss of 671 ml and transfusion rate of 7.4%. The overall 30‐day morbidity rate was 13.2%, including anastomotic leakage rate of 3.9% and unplanned readmission rate of 2.5%. Only 1 (0.2%) procedure‐related mortality was reported in the LRP group. The mean pre‐operative serum prostate‐specific antigen level was 10.9 ng/mL and 93.6% achieved less than 0.1 ng/mL after the operation. RALRP had a significantly less estimated blood loss (581 ml vs. 759 ml; P < .0001), less transfusion rate (5% vs. 10.8%; P < .0001) and less morbidity rate (10.4% vs. 19.4%; P < .0001) than LRP. RALRP also had a shorter length of post‐operative stay (5.5 days vs. 8.3 days; P < .0001) and better early continence rate at 3 months (39.5% vs. 27.6%; P = .0001) as well as 6 months (58.4% vs. 51.1%; P = .007) than LRP. Positive surgical margins were noted to be lower in the RALRP group (27.2% vs. 38.4%).ConclusionRALRP seems to be the standard approach for prostate cancer in Hong Kong. The procedure showed greater minimally invasive benefit, better early functional outcome and early oncological outcome of better surgical margin positive rate.
Postoperative mortality after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma—A systematic review. Metanalysis and metaregression of studies published in the last 5 years
Authors: Vasavada Bhavin , Patel Hardik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to analyse 90 days of mortality after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science were searched with keywords mesh terms like ‘Hepatocellular carcinoma’; ‘liver resection”;” mortality”;” hepatectomy”, “postoperative mortality”, “Hepatocellular carcinoma AND mortality”, “liver resection AND mortality”, “hepatectomy AND mortality.” Weighted percentage 90 days mortalities were analysed. Random effect meta‐analysis was done by DerSimonian‐Laird methods. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Higgins I2 test. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Funnel plot asymmetry was evaluated by Egger's test.ResultsA total of 8474 patients underwent liver resection. 301 patients died within 90 days postoperatively. Weighted 90 days mortality was 4.2% (95% CI 3.0–5.4%). Heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 89.96%, p < .001). We analysed various covariates like major hepatectomy, age, open surgery, more than one tumour nodule, the median size of the largest tumour and cirrhotic liver to check for their association with heterogeneity in the analysis and hence 90 days mortality. On metaregression analysis open hepatectomy (p = .044) was associated with heterogeneity in the analysis and 90 days mortality.Conclusion90 days mortality after liver resection is 3–5.4%. Differences across the studies may be due to various associated factors.
Toward victim‐sensitive body‐worn camera policy: Initial insights
Authors: Saulnier Alana , Couture‐Carron Amanda , Scholte Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryDespite constituting a substantial portion of police contacts, victims in general, and violence against women (VAW) survivors in particular, have received little attention in body‐worn camera (BWC) research. As BWCs proliferate in policing, crafting victim‐sensitive BWC policies is important. Drawing from qualitative interviews with 33 survivors of sexual assault and/or intimate partner violence, we identify themes that characterize victim‐sensitive BWC policies: notification, consent, alternative recording options, procedural consistency, and data storage and access. These findings lay a foundation for further research that can assess the generalizability of these themes to other samples of survivors.Policy ImplicationsVAW survivors are stakeholders who should be consulted in the production of victim‐sensitive BWC policy for police services. This exploratory study suggests that BWC use will be more victim‐sensitive when (1) officers notify victims of BWC use as soon as reasonably possible during an interaction, (2) officers ask victims if they consent to BWC recording, (3) officers deactivate the video recording function of the BWC (or reposition the BWC's lens away from the victim) if consent is not provided or if doing so would make the victim more comfortable, (4) police services ensure that BWCs are used consistently by frontline members, that BWC videos are regularly subject to supervisory review, and that videos are appropriately used in training to prepare for quality survivor‐police interactions, and (5) officers and services provide victims with clear information regarding BWC footage access and data security.
Structural and biochemical assessment of the molecular binding of hexylresorcinol to insect immune phenoloxidase: A quest for a new insecticidal activity
Authors: Aloui Sarra , Ghazouani Tesnime , Raboudi Faten , Talbi Wafa , Vanden Broeck Jozef , Salghi Rachid , Fattouch Sami 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) plays an essential role in insect immune defense. Phenolic compounds sharing structural homology with PO substrates could act as substrate analogues, and may interfere with insect physiological process, thus, leading to their control. Herein, the bioinformatic molecular docking was used to predict the interaction of the crystal 3D structure of the insectManduca sextaPO (PDB: 3HHS) with the antiseptic 4 hexylresorcinol (4‐Hr). The method was firstly validated using phenylthiourea (PTU) as reference ligand. Data demonstrated the ability of the 4‐Hr to bind toM. sextaPO with binding energy score ΔG = −372,285 Kcal/mol indicative of a plausible affinity to active site of the enzyme, nevertheless, the affinity of PTU was stronger with a binding energy of ΔG = −462.173 Kcal/mol. Furthermore, biochemicalin vitroassays confirmed the behavior of 4‐Hr as substrate‐analog when binding to the active site of the insect PO leading to its competitive inhibition. This is the first report demonstrating the molecular bases of the usefulness of hexylresorcinol as a promising insecticide. Further investigations could emphasize synergistic effects of 4‐Hr with other insecticides in integrated pest management (IPM) programs.
Cannabinoid receptor availability modulates the magnitude of dopamine release in vivo in the human reward system: A preliminary multitracer positron emission tomography study
Authors: Ceccarini Jenny , Koole Michel , Van Laere Koen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe established role of dopamine (DA) in the mediation of reward and positive reinforcement, reward processing is strongly influenced by the type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs). Although considerable preclinical evidence has demonstrated several functional CB1R–DA interactions, the relation between human CB1R availability, DA release capacity and drug‐reinforcing effects has been never investigated so far. Here, we perform a multitracer [18F]MK‐9470 and [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography (PET) study in 10 healthy male subjects using a placebo‐controlled and single‐blinded amphetamine (AMPH) (30 mg) administration paradigm to (1) investigate possible functional interactions between CB1R expression levels and DA release capacity in a normo‐DAergic state, relating in vivo AMPH‐induced DA release to CB1R availability, and (2) to test the hypothesis that the influence of striatal DAergic signalling on the positive reinforcing effects of AMPH may be regulated by prefrontal CB1R levels. Compared with placebo, AMPH significantly reduced [18F]fallypride binding potential (hence increase DA release; ΔBPND ranging from −6.1% to −9.6%) in both striatal (p < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons) and limbic extrastriatal regions (p ≤ 0.04, uncorrected). Subjects who reported a greater dopaminergic response in the putamen also showed higher CB1R availability in the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r = 0.72; p = 0.02), which are regions involved in salience attribution, motivation and decision making. On the other hand, the magnitude of DA release was greater in those subjects with lower CB1R availability in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (r = −0.66; p = 0.03). Also, the correlation between the DA release in the nucleus accumbens with the subjective AMPH effect liking was mediated through the CB1R availability in the ACC (c′ = −0.76; p = 0.01). Our small preliminary study reports for the first time that the human prefrontal CB1R availability is a determinant of DA release within both the ventral and dorsal reward corticostriatal circuit, contributing to a number of studies supporting the existence of an interaction between CB1R and DA receptors at the molecular and behavioural level. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in pathological conditions characterized by hypo/hyper excitability to DA release such as addiction and schizophrenia.
Regional variation in post‐operative mortality in New Zealand
Authors: Gurney Jason K. , McLeod Melissa , Stanley James , Robson Bridget , Campbell Douglas , Dennett Elizabeth , Ongley Dick , Rumball‐Smith Juliet , Sarfati Diana , Koea Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence that access to best practice perioperative care varies within our population. In this study, we use national‐level data to begin to address gaps in our understanding of regional variation in post‐operative outcomes within New Zealand.MethodsUsing National Collections data, we examined all inpatient procedures in New Zealand public hospitals between 2005 and 2017 (859 171 acute, 2 276 986 elective/waiting list), and identified deaths within 30 days. We calculated crude and adjusted rates per 100 procedures for the 20 district health boards (DHBs), both for the total population and stratified by ethnicity (Māori/European). Odds ratios comparing the risk of post‐operative mortality between Māori and European patients were calculated using crude and adjusted Poisson regression models.ResultsWe observed regional variations in post‐operative mortality outcomes. Māori, compared to European, patients experienced higher post‐operative mortality rates in several DHBs, with a trend to higher mortality in almost all DHBs. Regional variation in patterns of age, procedure, deprivation and comorbidity (in particular) largely drives regional variation in post‐operative mortality, although variation persists in some regions even after adjusting for these factors. Inequitable outcomes for Māori also persist in several regions despite adjustment for multiple factors, particularly in the elective setting.ConclusionsThe persistence of variation and ethnic disparities in spite of adjustment for confounding and mediating factors suggests that multiple regions require additional resource and support to improve outcomes. Efforts to reduce variation and improve outcomes for patients will require both central planning and monitoring, as well as region‐specific intervention.
Trends in the prevalence of breastfeeding up to 6 months of age using structured data from routine child healthcare visits
Authors: Revheim Ingrid , Balthasar Melissa R. , Akerkar Rupali R. , Stangenes Kristine M. , Almenning Grethe , Nygaard Eva , Markestad Trond , Øverland Simon , Roelants Mathieu , Juliusson Petur B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe Norwegian Action Plan for a Healthier Diet (2017–2021) set the target that 25% of infants should be exclusively breastfed for 6 months by 2022. Our aim was to determine trends in the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in the municipality of Bergen.MethodsData on breastfeeding status in 2010–2018 were extracted from a standardised electronic medical record kept by public child health centres and recorded as exclusive, partial or none, at 6 weeks and 6 months of age.ResultsWe found that 28,503 and 26,735 infants attended the 6‐week and 6‐month consultations, respectively. The prevalence of any breastfeeding was 92.0% at 6 weeks and 78.0% at 6 months with no trend over time between 2010 and 2018. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks was 73.9% and stable over time, but it declined at 6 months, from 28.1% in 2010 to 11.1% in 2014 and remained stable thereafter.ConclusionDuring 2010–2018, the prevalence of any and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 weeks and any breastfeeding at 6 months was stable. Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months declined halfway through the study period, to a stable, but low, prevalence of 11.1% by 2014.