bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gastrointestinal landmarks using the gas‐sensing capsule and wireless motility capsule
Authors: Thwaites Phoebe A. , Yao Chu K. , Maggo Jasjot , John James , Chrimes Adam F. , Burgell Rebecca E. , Muir Jane G. , Parker Francis C. , So Daniel , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Gearry Richard B. , Berean Kyle J. , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundAccurate definition of the gastroduodenal and ileocaecal junctions (GDJ, ICJ) is essential for the measurement of regional transit times.AimsTo compare the assessment of these landmarks using the novel gas‐sensing capsule and validated wireless motility capsule (WMC), and to evaluate intra‐subject variance in transit timesMethodsHealthy subjects ingested the gas‐sensing capsule and WMC tandemly in random order. Inter‐observer agreement was evaluated by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement between the paired devices' transit times was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis; coefficient of variation was performed to express intra‐individual variance in transit times. Similar analyses were completed with tandemly ingested gas‐sensing capsules.ResultsThe inter‐observer agreement for landmarks for both capsules was excellent (mean ICC ≥0.97) in 50 studies. The GDJ was identifiable in 92% of the gas‐sensing capsule studies versus 82% of the WMC studies (p = 0.27); the ICJ in 96% versus 84%, respectively (p = 0.11). In the primary cohort (n = 26), median regional transit times differed by less than 6 min between paired capsules. Bland–Altman revealed a bias of −0.12 (95% limits of agreement, −0.94 to 0.70) hours for GDJ and − 0.446 (−2.86 to 2.0) hours for ICJ. Similar results were found in a demographically distinct validation cohort (n = 24). For tandemly ingested gas‐sensing capsules, coefficients of variation of transit times were 11%–35%, which were similar to variance between the paired gas‐sensing capsule and WMC, as were the biases. The capsules were well tolerated.ConclusionsKey anatomical landmarks are accurately identified with the gas‐sensing capsule in healthy individuals. Intra‐individual differences in transit times between capsules are probably due to physiological factors. Studies in populations with gastrointestinal diseases are now required.
Institutional cisnormativity and educational injustice: Trans children's experiences in primary and early secondary education in the UK
Authors: Horton Cal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransgender children are known to face a wide range of barriers, difficulties and injustices at school. Few studies have focused on the educational experiences of trans pupils who socially transition at or before primary school, with no such studies in the UK.AimsTo learn about the at‐school experiences of transgender children who socially transitioned at or before primary school in the UK, listening to children's and parental accounts of navigating cisnormativity in UK primary and early secondary education.SampleThe primary sample included 30 parents whose children had socially transitioned under the age of 11 in the UK. This sample was complemented with data directly from 10 of these trans children. The primary sample was accessed through six trans positive parenting groups in the UK, supplemented through snowball sampling.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews produced a rich and detailed qualitative data set, that was analysed through inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree major themes are presented, highlighting experiences of (i) institutional cisnormativity in UK schools, (ii) a failure to protect trans children and (iii) evidence of educational injustice. The results demonstrate how institutional cisnormativity leaves trans pupils in unsafe educational environments, contributing to school drop‐out and trauma.ConclusionsCisnormative attitudes normalize injustice, making it acceptable for trans children to lose access to education, or to experience trauma in school. Educators, schools and school leaders need to take action to protect trans children in our schools.
Retooling militancy: Labour revitalization and fixed‐duration strikes
Authors: Kallas John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite decades of decline in strike rates, recent scholarship has examined how unions and labour organizations are retooling the strike to confront increasing employer power. This study focuses on a militant labour union and the emergence of an understudied type of strike – the fixed‐duration strike – as a source of labour revitalization. Drawing from qualitative data gathered on fixed‐duration strikes organized by a union of registered nurses in the United States, I investigate the strategic adaptation of labour militancy and how these strikes overcome the limitations of traditional, indefinite work stoppages. I find that fixed‐duration strikes protect the economic interests of nurses and advance their role as patient care advocates, while still imposing financial and reputational costs on employers. These findings suggest that the strategic adaptation of militant tactics, such as the strike, help labour organizations achieve revitalization outcomes like contract victories and enhanced membership activism.
Resveratrol inhibits development of colorectal adenoma via suppression of LEF1; comprehensive analysis with connectivity map
Authors: Wada Hironori , Sato Yasushi , Fujimoto Shota , Okamoto Koichi , Bando Masahiro , Kawaguchi Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Muguruma Naoki , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Matsuzawa Yui , Mutoh Michihiro , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough many chemopreventive studies on colorectal tumors have been reported, no effective and safe preventive agent is currently available. We searched for candidate preventive compounds against colorectal tumor comprehensively from United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved compounds by using connectivity map (CMAP) analysis coupled with in vitro screening with colorectal adenoma (CRA) patient‐derived organoids (PDOs). We generated CRA‐specific gene signatures based on the DNA microarray analysis of CRA and normal epithelial specimens, applied them to CMAP analysis with 1309 FDA‐approved compounds, and identified 121 candidate compounds that should cancel the gene signatures. We narrowed them down to 15 compounds, and evaluated their inhibitory effects on the growth of CRA‐PDOs in vitro. We finally identified resveratrol, one of the polyphenolic phytochemicals, as a compound showing the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of CRA‐PDOs compared with normal epithelial PDOs. When resveratrol was administered to ApcMin/+ mice at 15 or 30 mg/kg, the number of polyps (adenomas) was significantly reduced in both groups compared with control mice. Similarly, the number of polyps (adenomas) was significantly reduced in azoxymethane‐injected rats treated with 10 or 100 mg/resveratrol compared with control rats. Microarray analysis of adenomas from resveratrol‐treated rats revealed the highest change (downregulation) in expression of LEF1, a key molecule in the Wnt signaling pathway. Treatment with resveratrol significantly downregulated the Wnt‐target gene (MYC) in CRA‐PDOs. Our data demonstrated that resveratrol can be the most effective compound for chemoprevention of colorectal tumors, the efficacy of which is mediated through suppression of LEF1 expression in the Wnt signaling pathway.
Impact of stress and decision fatigue on parenting practices related to food and physical activity during COVID‐19
Authors: Angoff Harrison D. , Dial Lauren A. , State Fresno , Varga Aniko V. , Kamath Sneha , Musher‐Eizenman Dara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in substantial disruptions to daily functioning and lifestyle behaviours, with negative health consequences for youth. Parents play a large role in their children's health behaviour; yet changes to parenting behaviours during the pandemic related to food and physical activity remain relatively unexplored. The present study is the first to our knowledge to examine specific changes in American parents' parenting behaviours related to food and physical activity during COVID‐19, and potential correlates of such changes, including perceived stress and decision fatigue.MethodsA total of 140 parents (88.57% female; 88.41% White; 87.59% married; with one to five children) from middle to upper income households completed an online survey assessing demographics, perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), decision fatigue (Decision Fatigue Scale) and food and activity parenting behaviour changes during COVID‐19.ResultsOverall, a greater proportion of parents engaged primarily in positive (57.14%) than negative (22.86%) parenting practices related to food and physical activity during the pandemic. Moderation analyses showed that the negative relation between perceived stress and positive parental behaviour changes was stronger at higher perceived increases in decision fatigue during the pandemic.ConclusionsIn the face of a major public health crisis, adaptive parental responses may emerge, but perceived stress may inhibit such behaviour change. Perceived stress and decision fatigue may represent important explanatory factors in parental health promoting behaviours during times of uncertainty and change.
The Puzzling Chasm Between Cognitive Representations and Formal Structures of Linguistic Meanings
Authors: Mondal Prakash 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNatural language meaning has properties of both (embodied) cognitive representations and formal/mathematical structures. But it is not clear how they actually relate to one another. This article argues that how properties of cognitive representations and formal/mathematical structures of natural language meaning can be united remains one of the puzzles in cognitive science. That is primarily because formal/mathematical structures of natural language meaning are abstract, logical, and truth‐conditional properties, whereas cognitive/conceptual representations are embodied and grounded in sensory‐motor systems. After reviewing the current progress, this work offers, in outline, the general formulations that show how these two different kinds of representations for semantic structures can (potentially) be unified and also proposes three desiderata for testing, in brain dynamics, the mathematical equivalence between formal symbolic representations (and their transitions), and neuronal population codes (and their transitions).
Syncarcinogenesis of natural UV radiation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin?
Authors: Weistenhöfer Wobbeke , Lutz Regina , Hiller Julia , Schmitz‐Spanke Simone , Drexler Hans 
Published: September 2022

SummarySquamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin can be induced by occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as in tar and soot, or to UV radiation and can be recognized and compensated as occupational diseases. A possible syncarcinogenic effect of these exposures in the development of SCC in humans is under discussion. For the scientific validation of this question, a systematic literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies on individuals with SCC of the skin and their precursors as well as occupational, non‐occupational, or therapeutic exposure to UV radiation and PAHs were selected. In addition, animal studies with exposure to UV radiation and PAHs were evaluated. After screening the abstracts of 510 identified studies, the full texts of 131 studies were reviewed. None of the epidemiological studies provided robust evidence for a syncarcinogenesis of PAHs and UV radiation in the development of SCC of the skin in humans. Nevertheless, as there are indications for a (super‐)additive effect of UV radiation and PAH exposure from animal studies and mechanistic investigations, syncarcinogenesis seems possible. However, quantitative dose‐response relationships are lacking which would allow comparison of the onset of an adverse effect between the different exposure levels.
Interventions incorporating a multi‐disciplinary team approach and a dedicated care team can help reduce preventable hospital readmissions of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A scoping review of current literature
Authors: Cai James , Islam Md Shahidul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThis review aimed to identify interventions that hospitals can implement to reduce preventable hospital readmissions of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA scoping review framework was utilised to inform the overall process. The electronic databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, the University of New England (UNE) library search engine and Google Scholar were utilised to search for relevant literature.ResultsThe results from this review demonstrate that interventions started at index admission for people diagnosed with T2DM can result in reductions in hospital readmissions. Common strategies which attributed to the success of interventions in reducing hospital readmissions of people with T2DM included a multidisciplinary team approach, a dedicated care team, certified diabetes educator appointments, basic survival skills education and influencing hospital protocol development and implementation.ConclusionThis scoping review is an attempt at exploring and synthesising current research on interventions that hospitals can implement to reduce preventable hospital readmissions of people with T2DM.
Risk of adverse events with liraglutide in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A post hoc analysis of the FIGHT trial
Authors: Neves João Sérgio , Vasques‐Nóvoa Francisco , Borges‐Canha Marta , Leite Ana Rita , Sharma Abhinav , Carvalho Davide , Packer Milton , Zannad Faiez , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Ferreira João Pedro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo perform a post hoc analysis of the FIGHT trial, evaluating the effect of liraglutide (vs. placebo) on the totality of events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Materials and MethodsFIGHT was a double‐blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) that studied liraglutide versus placebo in 300 recently hospitalized patients with HFrEF followed for 180 days. The main outcome of the present analysis was total events of hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) or all‐cause death. Secondary outcomes included total arrhythmic events and prespecified total events of interest (arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, worsening HF, cerebrovascular event, venous thromboembolism, lightheadedness, presyncope/syncope or worsening renal function). Treatment effect was evaluated with negative binomial regression.ResultsCompared to placebo, there was a trend towards increased risk with liraglutide of total HF hospitalizations or all‐cause deaths (96 vs. 143 events, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98‐2.04; P = 0.064) and total arrhythmias (21 vs. 39, IRR 1.76, 95% CI 0.92‐3.37; P = 0.088). Total prespecified events of interest were increased with liraglutide compared to placebo (196 vs. 295, IRR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06‐1.92; P = 0.018). The risk of HF hospitalizations or all‐cause deaths with liraglutide was higher among patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III to IV (IRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.21‐2.85) than in those in NYHA Class I to II (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.31‐1.23; interaction P = 0.008), and among patients with diabetes (interaction P = 0.051). The risk of arrhythmic events was higher among those without an implanted cardiac device (interaction P = 0.047).ConclusionsIn patients with HFrEF, liraglutide might increase the risk of cardiovascular adverse effects, an effect possibly driven by excess risk of arrhythmias and worsening HF events. As this was a post hoc analysis, these results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis‐generating. Further RCTs must be conducted before drawing definitive conclusions.
The role of antiplatelet therapies on incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lai Quirino , De Matthaeis Nicoletta , Finotti Michele , Galati Giovanni , Marrone Giuseppe , Melandro Fabio , Morisco Filomena , Nicolini Daniele , Pravisani Riccardo , Giannini Edoardo G. ,   the Associazione Italiana per lo Studio del Fegato (AISF) HCC Special Interest Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of antiplatelet therapy (APT)on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mortality following its treatment.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Databases. Two HCC clinical settings were explored: (i) incidence, and (ii) death after any HCC treatment. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to compare the pooled data between patients who received or did not receive APT.ResultsA total of 20 studies were identified, of whom 15 focused on HCC incidence, including 2,685,009 patients, and five on post‐treatment death, including 3281 patients. APT was associated with an overall reduced risk of HCC incidence (OR: 0.63; 95%CI = 0.51–0.79; p < 0.001) as well as of post‐treatment mortality (OR: 0.54; 95%CI = 0.35–0.83; p = 0.006).ConclusionsCurrent data suggest that APT correlated with higher HCC incidence and poor overall survival following tumour treatment.
Post COVID‐19 syndrome with impairment of flow‐mediated epicardial vasodilation and flow reserve
Authors: Verma Amanda , Ramayya Tarun , Upadhyaya Anand , Valenta Ines , Lyons Maureen , Marschall Jonas , Dehdashti Farrokh , Gropler Robert J. , Woodard Pamela K. , Schindler Thomas Hellmut 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate whether post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 cardiovascular syndrome (PASC‐CVS) is associated with alterations in coronary circulatory function.Materials and MethodsIn individuals with PASC‐CVS but without known cardiovascular risk factors (n = 23) and in healthy controls (CON, n = 23), myocardial blood flow (MBF) was assessed with 13N‐ammonia and PET/CT in mL/g/min during regadenoson‐stimulated hyperemia, at rest, and the global myocardial flow reserve (MFR) was calculated. MBF was also measured in the mid and mid‐distal myocardium of the left ventricle (LV). The Δ longitudinal MBF gradient (hyperemia minus rest) as a reflection of an impairment of flow‐mediated epicardial vasodilation, was calculated.ResultsResting MBF was significantly higher in PASC‐CVS than in CON (1.29 ± 0.27 vs. 1.08 ± 0.20 ml/g/min, p ≤ .024), while hyperemic MBFs did not differ significantly among groups (2.46 ± 0.53 and 2.40 ± 0.34 ml/g/min, p = .621). The MFR was significantly less in PASC‐CVS than in CON (1.97 ± 0.54 vs. 2.27 ± 0.43, p ≤ .031). In addition, there was a Δ longitudinal MBF gradient in PASC‐CVS, not observed in CON (−0.17 ± 0.18 vs. 0.04 ± 0.11 ml/g/min, p < .0001).ConclusionsPost‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 cardiovascular syndrome may be associated with an impairment of flow‐mediated epicardial vasodilation, while reductions in coronary vasodilator capacity appear predominantly related to increases in resting flow in women deserving further investigations.
A Special Case of Brennan's Index for Tests That Aim to Select a Limited Number of Students: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study
Authors: Arikan Serkan , Aybek Eren Can 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany scholars compared various item discrimination indices in real or simulated data. Item discrimination indices, such as item‐total correlation, item‐rest correlation, and IRT item discrimination parameter, provide information about individual differences among all participants. However, there are tests that aim to select a very limited number of students, examinees, or candidates for allocated schools and job positions. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the performances of CTT and IRT item discrimination indices when the test purpose is to select a limited number of students. The purpose of the current Monte Carlo study is to evaluate item discrimination indices in the case of selecting a limited number of high‐achieving students. The results showed that a special case of Brennan's index, B10–90, provided more accurate information for this specific test purpose. Additionally, the effects of various factors, such as test length, ability distributions of examinees, and item difficulty variance on item discrimination indices were investigated. The performance of each item discrimination index is discussed in detail.
Prognostic impact of epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis varies according to time of occurrence and etiology
Authors: Selton Marion , Mathey Guillaume , Soudant Marc , Manceau Philippe , Anxionnat René , Debouverie Marc , Jonas Jacques 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeEpileptic seizures occur more often in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population. Their association with the prognosis of MS remains unclear. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether epileptic seizures may be a prognostic marker of MS disability, according to when the seizure occurs and its cause.MethodsData were extracted from a population‐based registry of MS in Lorraine, France. Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests were used to compare the probability of different levels of irreversible handicap during the course of MS in patients who experience epileptic seizures or do not, according to the chronology and the cause of the first epileptic seizure.ResultsAmong 6238 patients, 134 had experienced at least one epileptic seizure (2.1%), and 82 (1.2%) had seizures secondary to MS. Patients with epileptic seizure as a first symptom of MS (14 patients) had the same disease progression as other relapsing–remitting MS patients. Patients who developed epileptic seizures during the course of MS (68 patients) had a higher probability of reaching Expanded Disability Status Scale = 3.0 (p = 0.006), 6.0 (p = 0.003), and 7.0 (p = 0.004) than patients without an epileptic background. Patients with a history of epileptic seizures unrelated to MS also had a worse prognosis than patients without an epileptic background.ConclusionsEpileptic seizures might be viewed as a “classic MS relapse” in terms of prognosis if occurring early in MS, or as a marker of MS severity if developing during the disease. Epileptic diseases other than MS may worsen the course of MS.