bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local authority audit in England, playing the field?
Authors: Bradley Lynn , Favotto Alvise , McKernan John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the field of public audit as a collibrative element of public sector accountability. It reports on the consequences of substantial collibrative intervention in such a field. The intervention studied is the change to local authority audit in England that culminated in the Local Audit and Accountability Act, 2014, and entailed the abolition of the Audit Commission. Drawing on strategic action field theory, and through examination of submissions to the Redmond Review and other documentary materials, an analysis is developed of the field of public financial audit in its ongoing efforts to re‐equilibriate following the intervention. The analysis explores the action taken in pursuit of the restoration of field stability, effective functioning, and legitimacy, and the effects on public accountability. The analysis supports Julia Black's contention that different accountability regimes are not readily substitutable and exposes some of the risks and difficulties associated with attempts to modify accountability through collibrative intervention.
The carbon‐quality temperature hypothesis: Fact or artefact?
Authors: Liáng Lìyǐn L. , Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Arcus Vickery L. , Schipper Louis A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClimate warming can reduce global soil carbon stocks by enhancing microbial decomposition. However, the magnitude of this loss remains uncertain because the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of the major fraction of soil carbon, namely resistant carbon, is not fully known. It is now believed that the resistance of soil carbon mostly depends on microbial accessibility of soil carbon with physical protection being the primary control of the decomposition of protected carbon, which is insensitive to temperature changes. However, it is still unclear whether the temperature sensitivity of the decomposition of unprotected carbon, for example, carbon that is not protected by the soil mineral matrix, may depend on the chemical recalcitrance of carbon compounds. In particular, the carbon‐quality temperature (CQT) hypothesis asserts that recalcitrant low‐quality carbon is more temperature‐sensitive to decomposition than labile high‐quality carbon. If the hypothesis is correct, climate warming could amplify the loss of unprotected, but chemically recalcitrant, carbon and the resultant CO2 release from soils to the atmosphere. Previous research has supported this hypothesis based on reported negative relationships between temperature sensitivity and carbon quality, defined as the decomposition rate at a reference temperature. Here we show that negative relationships can arise simply from the arbitrary choice of reference temperature, inherently invalidating those tests. To avoid this artefact, we defined the carbon quality of different compounds as their uncatalysed reaction rates in the absence of enzymes. Taking the uncatalysed rate as the carbon quality index, we found that the CQT hypothesis is not supported for enzyme‐catalysed reactions, which showed no relationship between carbon quality and temperature sensitivity. The lack of correlation in enzyme‐catalysed reactions implies similar temperature sensitivity for microbial decomposition of soil carbon, regardless of its quality, thereby allaying concerns of acceleration of warming‐induced decomposition of recalcitrant carbon.
Effect of pore content and pH on the corrosion behavior of hydrophobic ceramic coatings
Authors: Li Jiahong , Ma Conghuan , Wang Jianyu , Bian Da , Zhao Yongwu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, superhydrophobic ceramic coatings were successfully prepared on stainless steel substrates (S304) by sol–gel method, and the effects of pore content and pH conditions on the corrosion resistance of hydrophobic ceramic coatings were studied. As the porosity increases, the contact angle of the coating increases. Among them, the contact angles of the coatings with 15% and 20% porosity in different pH solutions are all greater than 150°, achieving superhydrophobic surfaces. The contact angle results before and after corrosion show that the solution with a higher pH has a greater damage to the hydrophobicity of the coating. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated comparatively from polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As the hydrophobicity improves, the corrosion resistance of the hydrophobic ceramic coating is enhanced. The impedance moduli at .01 Hz of the coating are 1.04 × 103 times (pH 4), .13 × 103 times (pH 7), and .74 × 103 times (pH 10) of the bare steel, respectively. With the increase of pH, the corrosion resistance of hydrophobic ceramic coatings decreases, because OH− in the corrosion solution is more easily adsorbed on the surface of the coating, thereby destroying the long hydrophobic chains.
Improved wear resistance and low thermal radiative conductivity of a middle‐entropy tantalate Y0.5Gd0.5Ta0.5Nb0.5O4
Authors: Qu Chenkai , Chen Lin , Su Tao , Li Dongbo , Yang Yuan , Feng Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFerroelastic YTaO4 is a promising material for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), and its thermal and mechanical properties can be further optimized by various methods. In this study, a ferroelastic middle‐entropy ceramic Y0.5Gd0.5Ta0.5Nb0.5O4 was synthesized by solid‐phase sintering, and its microstructures and thermophysical properties were key points. We determined the contributions of phonons and photons to total thermal conductivity, and a low thermal conductivity was obtained by inhibiting high‐temperature thermal radiation. The thermal expansion coefficients were improved by introducing of Nb atom into the lattice of the prepared middle‐entropy ceramic, which meets the requirements of TBCs. The improved wear resistance originated from relatively high Young's modulus and the hardness of Y0.5Gd0.5Ta0.5Nb0.5O4, and it would contribute to the service performance of the corresponding coatings. This work motivates the engineering applications of ferroelastic RETaO4 and RENbO4 (RE is rare‐earth element) as high‐temperature TBCs.
Whose opinion matters when insiders disagree with short sellers?
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zheng Liyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the credibility of conflicting trading signals from two well‐informed and sophisticated parties: corporate insiders and short sellers. Our results suggest that insiders’ information is dominant when short sellers trade in the opposite direction. We attribute the positive price reaction following a disagreement to insiders’ superior information that is not available to short sellers. Our results do not support the managerial short‐termism argument. Two additional tests show that insider buying credibility enhances when information asymmetry is high and that short sellers reverse their shorting position after the disclosure of insider buying. Both findings support the idea that short sellers may experience a previously unacknowledged barrier in accessing private information.
Participatory research to improve medication reconciliation for older adults in the community
Authors: Doucette Lorna , Kiely Bridget T. , Gierisch Jennifer M. , Marion Eve , Nadler Lisa , Heflin Mitchell T. , Upchurch Gina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedication reconciliation, a technique that assists in aligning a care team's understanding of an individual's true medication regimen, is vital to optimize medication use and prevent medication errors. Historically, most medication reconciliation research has focused on institutional settings and transitional care, with comparatively little attention given to medication reconciliation in community settings. To optimize medication reconciliation for community‐dwelling older adults, healthcare professionals and older adults must be engaged in co‐designing processes that create sustainable approaches.MethodsAcademic researchers, older adults, and community‐ and health system‐based healthcare professionals engaged in a participatory process to better understand medication reconciliation barriers and co‐design solutions. The initiative consisted of two participatory research approaches: (1) Sparks Innovation Studios, which synthesized professional expertise and opinions, and (2) a Community Consultation Studio with older adults. Input from both groups informed a list of possible solutions and these were ranked based on evaluative criteria of feasibility, person‐centeredness, equity, and sustainability.ResultsSparks Innovation Studios identified a lack of ownership, fragmented healthcare systems, and time constraints as the leading barriers to medication reconciliation. The Community Consultation Studio revealed that older adults often feel dismissed in medical encounters and perceive poor communication with and among providers. The Community Consultation Studio and Sparks Innovation Studios resulted in four highly‐ranked solutions to improve medication reconciliation: (1) support for older adults to improve health literacy and ownership; (2) ensuring medication indications are included on prescription labels; (3) trainings and incentives for front‐line staff in clinic settings to become champions for medication reconciliation; and (4) electronic health record improvements that simplify active medication lists.ConclusionEngaging community representatives with academic partners in the research process enhanced understanding of community priorities and provided a practical roadmap for innovations that have the potential to improve the well‐being of community‐dwelling older adults.
When you are living and dying at the same time: A qualitative exploration of living with gastrointestinal motility disorders
Authors: Raubinger Sian , Allworth Sarah , Carey Sharon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn expanding base of evidence indicates that chronic gastrointestinal disorders not only impact physical wellbeing, but also affect many psychosocial aspects of life. However, less is known about gastrointestinal motility disorders. The present study aimed to explore how individuals experience gastrointestinal motility disorders and their impact on daily living.MethodsEleven people with a gastrointestinal motility disorder participated in semi‐structured interviews face‐to‐face or via telephone. The interviews explored how participants came to be diagnosed, their experiences with health professionals, as well as the impact of dysmotility on enjoyment of food, socialising, eating out and quality of life (QoL). Interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.ResultsAnalysis revealed an overarching theme of frustration that stemmed from three subthemes: (1) feeling misunderstood, judged and dismissed by health professionals leading to delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and multiple diagnoses; (2) severity and unpredictability of undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms; and (3) reduced QoL because of physical and social limitations, impairing their ability to have normal life experiences, including education, work and social activities.ConclusionsDysmotility is a complex illness that impacts almost all aspects of a person's life. In addition to managing reported physical symptoms, the social and psychological burden associated with dysmotility needs to be addressed to improve outcomes and QoL.
Decentralization through Tokenization
Authors: SOCKIN MICHAEL , XIONG WEI 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine decentralization of digital platforms through tokenization as an innovation to resolve the conflict between platforms and users. By delegating control to users, tokenization through utility tokens acts as a commitment device that prevents a platform from exploiting users. This commitment comes at the cost of not having an owner with an equity stake who, in conventional platforms, would subsidize participation to maximize the platform's network effect. This trade‐off makes utility tokens a more appealing funding scheme than equity for platforms with weak fundamentals. The conflict reappears when nonusers, such as token investors and validators, participate on the platform.
Corporate Political Activities and the SEC's Oversight Role in the IPO Process
Authors: Gounopoulos Dimitrios , Loukopoulos Georgios , Loukopoulos Panagiotis , Wood Geoffrey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study how a regulator (Securities and Exchanges Commission; SEC) responds to IPOs that have a higher political profile. We find that IPOs with issuers (intermediaries) that actively pursue political strategies receive more (less) SEC comment letters than IPOs without such actors. Cross‐sectional analysis reveals that the IPO's political environment moderates the relationship between social pressure for more corporate transparency and SEC scrutiny. Additional tests indicate that the political activities of issuers (intermediaries) contribute to a less (more) efficient IPO process. Overall, our findings suggest that politically active intermediaries have stronger incentives to accurately portray the IPO financial reporting environment than politically active issuers because they have greater reputational and political capital at stake; quite simply, the former have more to lose. We draw out the implications for theory, in terms of agency and reputation.
Hydrology regime and hydrology recruitment niche predict changes in plant community composition across a pond habitat
Authors: Mašková Tereza , Poschlod Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuestionsNiche differentiation is widely accepted as a key mechanism important for species coexistence. Seed germination and seedling survival were recognized as important contributors to niche segregation and could be a crucial filter for determining species' distributions and community composition. Only a little is known about the direct relationship between hydrology recruitment niche, hydrology regimes, and community composition. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to identify the changes in the composition of a pond community with respect to the hydrological regime and predict them by the recruitment niche of species.LocationThe Gloggere pond in the Altdorfer forest (47.848 N, 9.698 E, Ravensburg vicinity, Upper Swabia, Baden‐Wuerttemberg, Germany).MethodsA transect with 46 permanent plots was established throughout the Gloggere pond, and species percentage cover was recorded in September 1992–1995, 2006, and 2017. Pond drawdown was implemented in 1993. Sediment samples were collected in March 1995 across the transect, and a pot germination experiment with six hydrological treatments was performed. The hydrology recruitment niche from the seed bank germination experiment was compared with the field hydrology niche to show the importance of the hydrology regime for community composition.ResultsThe hydrological regime determined the community composition in both the germination experiment and the field. Species‐specific hydrology niche from the field correlated with species‐specific recruitment niche measured in the germination experiment.ConclusionsOur results support the importance of recruitment niche as a driver of community composition for pond areas. For understanding and predicting changes in plant community composition, it is necessary to combine knowledge about the recruitment niche and the ability of seeds’ survival in the sediment along a hydrological gradient with knowledge about abiotic filters, biotic interactions, and species‐specific traits. Recognizing the recruitment niche is useful for better predicting the effect of future environmental changes, especially in the context of climate change and conservation management.
Spatial and temporal localization of cell wall associated pili in Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Choo Pei Yi , Wang Charles Y. , VanNieuwenhze Michael S. , Kline Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnterococcus faecalis virulence requires cell wall‐associated proteins, including the sortase‐assembled endocarditis and biofilm associated pilus (Ebp), important for biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. The current paradigm for sortase‐assembled pilus biogenesis in Gram‐positive bacteria is that sortases attach substrates to lipid II peptidoglycan (PG) precursors, prior to their incorporation into the growing cell wall. Contrary to prevailing dogma, by following the distribution of Ebp and PG throughout the E. faecalis cell cycle, we found that cell surface Ebp do not co‐localize with newly synthesized PG. Instead, surface‐exposed Ebp are localized to the older cell hemisphere and excluded from sites of new PG synthesis at the septum. Moreover, Ebp deposition on the younger hemisphere of the E. faecalis diplococcus appear as foci adjacent to the nascent septum. We propose a new model whereby sortase substrate deposition can occur on older PG rather than at sites of new cell wall synthesis. Consistent with this model, we demonstrate that sequestering lipid II to block PG synthesis via ramoplanin, does not impact new Ebp deposition at the cell surface. These data support an alternative paradigm for sortase substrate deposition in E. faecalis, in which Ebp are anchored directly onto uncrosslinked cell wall, independent of new PG synthesis.
Role of oral microbiome in oral oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis
Authors: Li Ruohan , Xiao Li , Gong Tao , Liu Jiaxin , Li Yuqing , Zhou Xuedong , Li Yi , Zheng Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity and its adjacent sites, which endangers the physical and mental health of patients and has a complex etiology. Chronic infection is considered to be a risk factor in cancer development. Evidence suggests that periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola, are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). They can stimulate tumorigenesis by promoting epithelial cells proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis and regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Candida albicans promotes OSCC progression and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Moreover, oral human papillomavirus (HPV) can induce oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). There is evidence that HPV16 can integrate with host cells’ DNA and activate oncogenes. Additionally, oral dysbiosis and synergistic effects in the oral microbial communities can promote cancer development. In this review, we will discuss the biological characteristics of oral microbiome associated with OSCC and OPSCC and then highlight the mechanisms by which oral microbiome is involved in oral oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. These findings may have positive implications for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.
Precise Patellar Tendon Insertion Protection and Osteotomy Surface Advantage of Transtibial Tuberosity–High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Wu Zhanyu , Yuan Daizhu , Hua Dawei , Yang Long , Zou Qiang , Tian Xiaobin , Ye Chuan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveMedial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is successful in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with medial compartment stenosis and tibial varus deformity, but patella infera is the main complication. This study aims to design a new medial tibial open osteotomy scheme, transtibial tuberosity‐high tibial osteotomy (TT‐HTO), which can fully protect the patellar tendon insertion. In addition, the area of the osteotomy surface and wedge volume were evaluated in TT‐HTO, biplanar distal tibial tuberosity osteotomy (biplanar‐DTO), and uniplanar‐DTO to evaluate the potential advantages of this technology in bone healing.MethodsThe tibial tubercle was divided into four equal sections from proximal to distal, which were defined as zones A, B, C, and D. From September to December 2020, the imaging examinations of 200 patients (95 males and 105 females) with a mean age of 40.6 years (range 19–60 years) were evaluated to observe the zonation of the tibial tubercle where the insertion of the patellar tendon is located. Then, 59 patients (23 males and 36 females) with a mean age 59.6 years (range 43–77 years), for a total of 69 knees (32 right and 37 left), who underwent routine knee surgery were observed and verified. According to the position of the patellar tendon insertion, TT‐HTO was designed. Fifteen tibial sawbones were divided equally into three groups: TT‐HTO; biplanar‐DTO; and uniplanar‐DTO. The total area of the osteotomy surface was compared using the graph paper method. The wedge volume at wedge heights of 10 mm was compared among osteotomy types using the plasticine Archimedes principle. One‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to compare the total area of the osteotomy surface and the wedge volume.ResultsThe osteotomy line of TT‐HTO passes through the boundary point of zones B and C of the tibial tubercle to fully protect the insertion point of the patellar tendon. The total area of the osteotomy surface in TT‐HTO and biplanar‐DTO was significantly larger than that in uniplanar‐DTO (P < 0.05). The wedge volume in uniplanar‐DTO was significantly smaller than that in TT‐HTO and biplanar‐DTO (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the osteotomy surface and the wedge volume were identified between TT‐HTO and biplanar‐DTO.ConclusionTT‐HTO can protect the patellar tendon insertion and avoid postoperative patella infera. The osteotomy surface is large and located in an area of cancellous bone, which ensures its good healing characteristics.