bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of improved virtual sample and sparse representation in face recognition
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Wang Zewei , Zhang Xuexue , Cui Zhongwei , Zhang Bob , Cui Jinrong , Janneh Lamin L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSparse representation plays an important role in the research of face recognition. As a deformable sample classification task, face recognition is often used to test the performance of classification algorithms. In face recognition, differences in expression, angle, posture, and lighting conditions have become key factors that affect recognition accuracy. Essentially, there may be significant differences between different image samples of the same face, which makes image classification very difficult. Therefore, how to build a robust virtual image representation becomes a vital issue. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a novel image classification algorithm. First, to better retain the global features and contour information of the original sample, the algorithm uses an improved non‐linear image representation method to highlight the low‐intensity and high‐intensity pixels of the original training sample, thus generating a virtual sample. Second, by the principle of sparse representation, the linear expression coefficients of the original sample and the virtual sample can be calculated, respectively. After obtaining these two types of coefficients, calculate the distances between the original sample and the test sample and the distance between the virtual sample and the test sample. These two distances are converted into distance scores. Finally, a simple and effective weight fusion scheme is adopted to fuse the classification scores of the original image and the virtual image. The fused score will determine the final classification result. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other typical sparse representation classification methods.
Region‐based two‐stage MRI bone tissue segmentation of the knee joint
Authors: Mao Jianping , Men Peng , Guo Hao , An Jubai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn medical image segmentation, the neural network structure of the U‐Net family has demonstrated sufficient advantages. However, MRI images have different scan parameters and different scan times, resulting in different feature representation of the images. Furthermore, there is a great class imbalance between bone and cartilage tissues in MRI knee images. To address these issues, a region‐based two‐stage MRI knee bone tissue segmentation network is proposed in this paper. The segmentation network makes full use of the location characteristics of the three types of bone tissue in the knee joint and uses a two‐stage network architecture with a modified U2‐Net backbone network to segment MRI knee bone tissue. The neural network structure is divided into two phases, the first phase with a simple coded decoding structure for saliency detection to obtain the positional regional relationships of different bone tissues, and the second phase with a segmentation network consisting of 2 modified U2‐Net, one for segmenting the patella and associated cartilage and the other for segmenting the femur, tibia and associated cartilage. The algorithm was tested with a variety of MRI knee data to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Torsion point attacks on ‘SIDH‐like’ cryptosystems
Authors: Kutas Péter , Petit Christophe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIsogeny‐based cryptography is a promising approach for post‐quantum cryptography. The best‐known protocol following that approach is the supersingular isogeny Diffie–Hellman protocol (SIDH); this protocol was turned into the CCA‐secure key encapsulation mechanism SIKE, which was submitted to and remains in the third round of NIST's post‐quantum standardisation process as an ‘alternate’ candidate. Isogeny‐based cryptography generally relies on the conjectured hardness of computing an isogeny between two isogenous elliptic curves, and most cryptanalytic work referenced on SIKE's webpage exclusively focusses on that problem. Interestingly, the hardness of this problem is sufficient for neither SIDH nor SIKE. In particular, these protocols reveal additional information on the secret isogeny, in the form of images of specific torsion points through the isogeny. This paper surveys existing cryptanalysis approaches exploiting this often called ‘torsion point information’, summarises their current impact on SIKE and related algorithms, and suggests some research directions that might lead to further impact.
Neue Arzneimittel für Großtiere 2021
Authors: Emmerich Ilka Ute 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2021 kam für Pferde und landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere ein neuer Wirkstoff auf den deutschen Tierarzneimittelmarkt. So steht erstmalig das Antihämorrhagikum Etamsylat (Hemosilate) für Pferde, Rinder, Schweine, Schafe, Ziege, Hunde und Katzen zur Verfügung. Ein Wirkstoff erhielt eine Tierartenerweiterung: Das Endektozid Eprinomectin (Eprecis®) aus der Gruppe der makrozyklischen Laktone wurde auch für Schafe und Ziegen zugelassen. Auf dem Markt kamen weiterhin zwei Wirkstoffe in einen neuen Wirkstoffgehalt (Bromhexin, Tiamulin) und ein Wirkstoff in einer neuen Zusammensetzung (mit Indigocarmin einfärbte intramammäre Suspension mit schwerem basischen Bismutnitrat). Des Weiteren ist ein Wirkstoff (Oxytetracyclin) wieder für Pferde in dem Markt für Pferde und landwirtschaftliche Nutztiere verfügbar.
Bedeutung der Schwanzlänge beim Schaf und Zucht auf Kurzschwänzigkeit
Authors: Hümmelchen Hannah , Wagner Henrik , König Sven , Wehrend Axel 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungEine Möglichkeit, das Kopieren von Schwänzen bei Schafen in der Zukunft zu vermeiden, stellt die Zucht auf Kurzschwänzigkeit dar. Dies erscheint vielversprechend, da die Urform der Hausschafe, der Mufflon, einen relativ kurzen schmalen Schwanz besitzt. Es kann folglich davon ausgegangen werden, dass längere Schwänze ein Resultat der Domestikation sind. Ältere Untersuchungen zur Heritabilität der Schwanzlänge beim Hausschaf konnten rasseabhängig Werte von 0,38 bis 0,77 nachweisen. Bei der Zucht auf Kurzschwänzigkeit muss jedoch darauf geachtet werden, dass keine Missbildungen der Wirbelsäule und benachbarter Strukturen auftreten. Bis in diesem Bereich ein Zuchtfortschritt erreicht ist, können durch Managementmaßnahmen die negativen Auswirkungen länger bewollter Schwänze (z. B. Myiasisbefall, Dermatitis) gemindert werden. Dazu gehören die Vermeidung von Durchfällen durch eine ausgewogene wiederkäuergerechte Fütterung, ein betriebsspezifisch angepasstes nachhaltiges Parasitenmanagementprogramm und die gezielte Schur unkupierter Schwänze.
Endoscopic Closure of Large Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation: Right Use of Endoscopic Accessories
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Srinu Deshidi , Kakadiya Rinkal , Kurdia Kailash Chand , Jearth Vaneet , Shah Jimil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerforations during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a rare but dreadful complication. Type I Stapfer's perforations tend to be large and can get easily complicated by peritonitis and collections if not recognized and managed in a timely manner. With advancement in endoscopic accessories, endoscopic closure is usually attempted first, and surgical interventions are reserved only in patients with a failed endoscopic attempt. Though over the scope clips (OTSC) are used in patients with defect up to 20 to 25 mm in gastric or duodenal perforation and up to 30 mm in colonic perforations, larger defects can be also closed with the right use of adjuvant accessories. Here, we report our experience of successful closure of a large duodenal perforation during ERCP, using a single OTSC clip with help of accessories.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gastroenterology Training in India
Authors: Sonika Ujjwal , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Kumar Ajay , Srivastava Siddharth , Dahale Amol , Sharma Barjesh Chander , Kumar Manish , Pandey Toshali , Yadav Devesh Prakash , Maharshi Sudhir , Nair Sandeep V. , Dalal Ashok 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the healthcare system. The residents who are at the frontline of this pandemic have suffered the most. The extent of the training loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic on gastroenterology (GE) training is not studied in India.
Methods We designed a 36-question based google survey and distributed it to the GE residents all across India, via email. All the responses collected were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
Results A total of 140 responses were received. No significant decrease in teaching sessions/ classes was reported. Most of the residents (83.5%) reported inability to complete the target thesis enrolment. The number of patients seen by the residents in outpatient department, patients managed in wards and endoscopic procedures done by residents have decreased significantly (p-valve <0.001 for all). An overwhelming 89.9% (n = 125) of the GE residents were posted for COVID-19 duties. Almost half (50.4%) of them were COVID-19 positive.
Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the training of GE residents in India immensely and an extension period of 3 months may be offered to them.
Temperature dependent charge transport in ferroelectrically gated graphene far from the Dirac point
Authors: Figueroa Kelotchi S. , Zimbovskaya Natalya A. , Pinto Nicholas J. , Wen Chengyu , Johnson A. T. Charlie 
Published: July 2022

Charge transport in ferroelectric (FE) gated graphene far from the Dirac point (DP) was studied in the temperature range 300 K &lt; T &lt; 350 K. A non-monotonic/monotonic/non-monotonic behavior in the conductivity [σ(T)] was observed as one moved away from the DP. As the gate polarization increased, additional impurity charges were compensated, which reduced charge scattering. The uncompensated charges doped graphene and σ(T) switched to a monotonic increase with increasing T. However, far from the DP, the polarization reached saturation, which resulted in still lower impurity charge scattering. The carrier concentration increased, and a non-monotonic response in σ(T) reappeared, which was attributed to phonon scattering. A theoretical model is presented that combined impurity charge and phonon scattering conduction mechanisms. The top gate polarizable FE provided a novel approach to investigate charge transport in graphene via controlled compensation of impurity charges, and in the process revealed non-monotonic behavior in σ(T) not previously seen in SiO2 back gated graphene devices.
What is the opposite of Henduo ‘many’ in Mandarin?
Authors: Liu Haiyong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article first studies the contrastive properties of Q-adjectives many and
few, as well as henduo ‘many’ and henshao ‘few’ in Mandarin from the
perspective of their strengths as determiners (Milsark, 1974 & 1977). Although all falling into the weak-determiner category for being existential and
indefinite, many/henduo show more properties as leaning towards strong definiteness and universal quantification
than few/henshao. Secondly, because of the kind-demoting mass NP nature of Chinese nouns and the fact that
Mandarin is a topic-comment pro-drop language, henduo ‘many’ and henshao ‘few’ can appear both
in the pre-nominal attributive and the predicative positions, unlike their English counterparts many and
few that cannot be used as predicates due to the token-denoting nature of English nouns and that English is
not a pro-drop language. I also argue that the determiner strengths demonstrated by Q-adjectives are not related to indefinite
specificity.
Mimicking orchids lure bees from afar with exaggerated ultraviolet signals
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Daniela , Lunau Klaus , Guzzetti Lorenzo , Cozzolino Salvatore , Dyer Adrian G. , Tommasi Nicola , Biella Paolo , Galimberti Andrea , Labra Massimo , Bruni Ilaria , Pecoraro Lorenzo , Pattarini Giorgio , Brundrett Mark , Gagliano Monica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlowers have many sensory traits to appeal to pollinators, including ultraviolet (UV) absorbing markings, which are well known for attracting bees at close proximity (e.g. < 1 m). While striking UV signals have been thought to attract pollinators also at greater distances of meters, how the signals impact the plant pollination success over distance remains unknown. Here we report the case of the Australian orchid Diuris brumalis, a non-rewarding species, pollinated by bees via mimicry of rewarding pea plant Daviesia decurrens. When distant from the pea plant, Diuris brumalis was hypothesized to enhance pollinator attraction by exaggerately mimicking the floral ultraviolet (UV) reflecting patterns of its model.By experimentally modulating floral UV reflectance with a UV screening solution, we quantified the orchid pollination success at variable distance from the model plants.We demonstrate that the deceptive orchid Diuris brumalis attracts bee pollinators by emphasizing the visual stimuli, which mimic the floral UV signalling of the rewarding model D. decurrens. Moreover, the exaggerated UV reflectance of D. brumalis flowers impacted pollinators’ visitation at an optimal distance from D. decurrens, and the effect decreased when orchids were too close or too far away from the model.Our findings show that salient UV flower signalling plays a functional role in visual floral mimicry, likely exploiting perceptual gaps in bee neural coding, and mediates the plant pollination success at much greater spatial scales than previously expected.
I “showroom” but “webroom” too: investigating cross-shopping behaviour in a developing nation
Authors: Roy Subhadip , Sharma Kirti , Choudhary Sharuti 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe concepts of showrooming and webrooming have been well researched but majorly from the marketing/economic perspectives. The present study explores the socio-psychological motivations and different types of satisfaction derived from “cross-shopping” behaviour namely, showrooming and webrooming in a developing nation.Design/methodology/approachThe study is exploratory and is conducted using an interpretive approach. The researchers conducted 52 in-depth interviews and the collected data were subjected to open and axial coding to generate the conceptual model.FindingsThe findings indicate various motivations of cross-shopping such a habit and the joy of discovery while novel aspects of satisfaction emerge such as process satisfaction and social satisfaction. The findings also revealed contextual moderators of the cross-shopping process.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study contributes to the domain of cross shopping behaviour by illustrating the social motivators behind the same and novel satisfaction outcomes because of the cross-shopping process.Practical implicationsThe present study has multiple implications that would enable managers to effectively utilize cross shopping behaviour such understanding of satisfaction beyond those derived from the product only.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to investigate consumer behaviour related to cross shopping based on psycho-social dimensions.
An intelligent fast controller for autonomous wheeled robot path navigation in challenging environments
Authors: Mukherjee Subhradip , Kumar R. , Borah Siddhanta 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to incorporate one intelligent particle swarm optimization (IPSO) controller to realize an optimum path in unknown environments. In this paper, the fitness function of IPSO is designed with intelligent design parameters, solving the path navigation problem of an autonomous wheeled robot towards the target point by avoiding obstacles in any unknown environment.

Design/methodology/approach
This controller depends on randomly oriented positions with all other position information and a fitness function. Evaluating the position’s best values, this study gets the local best values, and finally, the global best value is updated as the current value after comparing the local best values.

Findings
The path navigation of the proposed controller has been compared with particle swarm optimization algorithm, BAT algorithm, flower pollination algorithm, invasive weed algorithm and genetic algorithm in multiple challenging environments. The proposed controller shows the percent deviation in path length near 14.54% and the percent deviation in travel time near 4% after the simulation. IPSO is applied to optimize said parameters for path navigation of the wheeled robot in different simulation environments.

Originality/value
A hardware model with a 32-bit ARM board interfaced with a global positioning system (GPS) module, an ultrasonic module and ZigBee wireless communication module is designed to implement IPSO. In real-time, the IPSO controller shows the percent deviation in path length near 9%.
Risk committee and stock price crash risk in the Malaysian financial sector: the moderating role of institutional ownership
Authors: Aldhamari Redhwan , Mohamad Nor Mohamad Naimi , Al Farooque Omar , Al-sabri Haithm Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe authors empirically investigate the impact of the existence of a stand-alone risk committee (RC) and its characteristics on the likelihood of stock price crash risk in listed financial firms on the Bursa Malaysia. The authors also test whether the effect of RC on crash risk is attenuating or amplifying by the level of institutional ownership.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a principal components analysis (PCA) to aggregate and derive a factor score for risk committee characteristics (i.e. independence, qualification, and size) as a proxy for the effectiveness of RC. The study also employs two distinct stock price crash risk measurements to corroborate the findings and partition institutional ownership into dedicated and transient to examine the potential impact of institutional shareholding on RC-stock price crash risk association.FindingsRegression analysis reveals that only RC qualification has a significant negative impact on stock price crash risk. However, when RC characteristics are aggregated into one composite factor, the authors find that firms with effective RCs exhibit lower risk of stock price crash. The authors also find that firms with high level of institutional shareholdings and effective RCs are less likely to experience crash risk likelihood. The additional analyses indicate that the complementary moderating effect of institutional ownership on RC-crash risk nexus is likely to be driven by dedicated institutional ownership. The results are robust across two measures of stock price crash risk and regression specifications for a longer run window.Originality/valueThe study, to the best of the researchers' knowledge, is the first to provide evidence in an emerging market financial sector companies' perspective suggesting that effective RCs are individually and aggregately associated with lower stock price crash risk, which is further strengthened by dedicated institutional investors. These findings are unique and contribute to a small but growing body of literature documenting the need for effective RCs and specific institutional investors and their consequences of improvements in stock price crash risk environment. Results of our research in this area provide important insights to financial and capital market participants, investors, regulators, and policymakers in Malaysia.
Modelling the role of predation on disease burdens of prey
Authors: Gagne Roderick B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch Highlight: Brandell, E. E., Cross, P. C., Smith, D. W., Rogers, W., Galloway, N. L., MacNulty, D. R., Stahler, D. R., Treanor, J. & Hudson, P. J. (2022). Examination of the interaction between age‐specific predation and chronic disease in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology, 00, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13661. Predation can alter disease dynamics in prey. If predators select for infected individuals, they can reduce disease burdens. In other cases, predators can increase disease burdens via various mechanisms such as altered prey behaviour. The influence of predation on disease dynamics is a result of interactions among various traits of the predators, prey and the pathogen itself. For example, pathogens tend to vary with age and predators typically select for certain age classes. Thus, the overlap between ages selected by predators and those infected will likely contribute to any effects of predation on reducing disease burdens. In this paper, Brandell et al. (2022) develop a model to evaluate the predator cleansing effect given age‐based variation in pathogens and predation. The model was developed for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) infections in deer and elk facing predation by cougars and grey wolves in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The results indicate that predators can reduce CWD outbreak size, especially if selecting for infected individuals. CWD is an always fatal disease and this work suggests that predators could reduce disease burdens in cervids. The model is also applicable to other systems and promises to further our understanding of the role of predation on disease in prey, as well as drive future empirical studies.
Estimating contemporary migration numbers of adults based on kinship relationships in iteroparous species
Authors: Akita Tetsuya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the development of estimators for the contemporary migration number and rate of adults between two populations in iteroparous species. The proposed estimators are based on known half‐sibling (HS) and/or parent–offspring (PO) relationships observed between populations across breeding seasons. The rationale is that HS and PO pairs exhibit information about the occurrence frequency of parental movements during the breeding interval. The proposed method allows for variance in the average number of offspring per parent within and between populations. In addition, coupled with the PO pairs found within the population, the estimators can be obtained using only genetic data. Generally, a sample size representing the square root of the population size is required to obtain meaningful migration information. We describe a detailed evaluation of the performance of the proposed estimators by running an individual‐based model, and the results provide guidance regarding sample sizes to ensure the required accuracy and precision. In addition, given that there are few effective methods to estimate adult movement (especially when populations cannot be genetically distinct), we discuss the usefulness of the proposed kinship assignment method in terms of conservation biology and wildlife management.