bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Are Affected by Tapping and Weed Covering in a Rubber Plantation
Authors: Chen Yongchuan , Zhang Degang , Deng Yueye , He Xinhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClarifying the effects of rubber‐tapping and natural growth weed cover on the variations in the concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) may be beneficial to rubber plantation management via optimizing soil N and C accumulations and reducing the risk of environmental pollution due to NO3− leaching. This study aims to compare the concentrations of soil total‐N, available‐N, NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N, and SOC for addressing N and C variations as affected by rubber‐tapping or weed covering in a 14‐year‐old rubber (Hevea brasiliensis cv. GT1) plantation in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. The soil samples at 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm depths between July and December 2018 were examined monthly from no‐rubber‐tapping tree belt (NRTB) or rubber‐tapping tree belt and no‐rubber‐tapping weed zone (NRTWZ) or rubber‐tapping weed zone. The concentrations of SOC, total‐N, available‐N, NH4+‐N, and NO3−‐N vary with soil depths and sampling date. The average concentrations of SOC, total‐N, available‐N, NH4+‐N, and NO3−‐N at 0–60 cm soil depth are significantly higher for the NRTWZs than for the NRTBs. Soil total‐N was positively correlated with SOC; either positive or negative relationships are found among different soil N forms. More soil available‐N and NO3−‐N accumulate for tree growth under weed covering or no‐rubber‐tapping. These findings indicate that the variations in soil N and SOC concentrations should be taken into account as a part of rubber plantation management to improve soil N and C accumulations.
Institutional and stakeholder pressures on organisational performance and green human resources management
Authors: Marrucci Luca , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGreen human resource management (GHRM) has recently received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. In addition to environmental management systems, the circular economy has become a primary strategy for tackling environmental issues. Other studies have suggested that more research is required to identify the drivers of GHRM and explore how it is related to performance outcomes. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of both institutional and stakeholder pressure on environmental and circular economy, economic performance, and environmental reputation of organisations. We also test the mediating roles of performance outcomes on GHRM adoption. Based on data collected from European environmentally certified organisations, we found that both institutional and stakeholder pressures are positively related to organisational performance and GHRM adoption. Performance outcomes also have a positive relationship with GHRM practices. However, our findings also highlight the risk that GHRM can become an elitist practice in high‐performing organisations.
On the noise performances of fractal‐fractional electrical circuits
Authors: Banchuin Rawid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, the noise performances of the fractal‐fractional electrical circuits have been addressed. The nonlocal fractal calculus has been adopted as our mathematical basis. The fractal time component has also been included for the physical measurability of electrical quantities. The derivations of crucial stochastic parameters of circuit responses, which determine their noise performances, have been performed. Numerical simulations have also been conducted where the influences of Hausdorff dimension of the fractal set, orders of fractal‐fractional reactive components, and other parameters on the noise performances have been studied. Regardless to any specific circuit, we have found that the noise performances can be improved by increasing the orders of fractal‐fractional reactive components. The optimum Hausdorff dimensions, which the best noise performances can be achieved given the orders of fractal‐fractional reactive components, have also been calculated. The results proposed in this work serve as the foundation for understanding noise in fractal‐fractional electrical circuits and can be extensively applied to large‐scaled circuits, for example, the infinite circuit networks and so forth.
Aberrant gastric functioning in weight‐restored but not acute restricting‐type anorexia nervosa: An electrogastrography study
Authors: Kerr Kara L. , DeVille Danielle C. , Moseman Scott E. , Simmons W. Kyle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have high levels of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, functional GI disorders, and alterations in interoception. The primary aims of the current study were to determine (1) whether individuals with AN differed in gastric physiology as measured by electrogastrography (EGG) as compared to healthy individuals and (2) whether their EGG activity changed from pre‐ to post‐weight restoration.MethodAdolescent and young adult females receiving inpatient treatment for restricting‐type AN (n = 20) and healthy control females (n = 21) completed two EGG sessions, with measurements taken in fasting state and after administration of a water load. Participants with AN completed the first session while underweight and the second session following weight restoration. Healthy control participants also completed two sessions matched for length of time between sessions.ResultsParticipants with AN exhibited decreased normogastria post‐water load when they were weight restored compared to when they were underweight. Healthy control participants' EGG measures were stable across sessions.DiscussionFindings provide evidence for aberrant gastric physiology in individuals with AN who have been weight restored, but not those in the acute phase of the illness. This supports the need for further research on GI functioning in AN.Public SignificanceAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly debilitating eating disorder that is difficult to treat. The causes of AN are largely unknown, but some theories suggest problems in gastrointestinal functioning may contribute to the disorder. This study found aberrant gastric functioning in individuals diagnosed with AN after weight restoration treatment. These findings contribute to our understanding of the causes and maintenance of AN and may ultimately lead to better treatments.
Strong plastid degradation is consistent within section Chondrophyllae, the most speciose lineage of Gentiana
Authors: Fu Peng‐Cheng , Chen Shi‐Long , Sun Shan‐Shan , Favre Adrien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecovering phylogenetic relationships in lineages experiencing intense diversification has always been a persistent challenge in evolutionary studies, including in Gentiana section Chondrophyllae sensu lato (s.l.). Indeed, this subcosmopolitan taxon encompasses more than 180 mostly annual species distributed around the world. We sequenced and assembled 22 new plastomes representing 21 species in section Chondrophyllae s.l. In addition to previously released plastome data, our study includes all main lineages within the section. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships based on protein‐coding genes and recombinant DNA (rDNA) cistron sequences, and then investigated plastome structural evolution as well as divergence time. Despite an admittedly humble species cover overall, we recovered a well‐supported phylogenetic tree based on plastome data, and found significant discordance between phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic treatments. Our results show that G. capitata and G. leucomelaena diverged early within the section, which is then further divided into two clades. The divergence time estimation showed that section Chondrophyllae s.l. evolved in the second half of the Oligocene. We found that section Chondrophyllae s.l. had the smallest average plastome size (128 KB) in tribe Gentianeae (Gentianaceae), with frequent gene and sequence losses such as the ndh complex and its flanking regions. In addition, we detected both expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat (IR) regions. Our study suggests that plastome degradation parallels the diversification of this group, and illustrates the strong discordance between phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic treatments, which now need to be carefully revised.
Circadian modulation of microglial physiological processes and immune responses
Authors: Guzmán‐Ruiz Mara A. , Guerrero‐Vargas Natalí N. , Lagunes‐Cruz Alejandra , González‐González Shellye , García‐Aviles Jesús Enrique , Hurtado‐Alvarado Gabriela , Mendez‐Hernández Rebeca , Chavarría‐Krauser Anahí , Morin Jean‐Pascal , Arriaga‐Avila Virginia , Buijs Ruud M. , Guevara‐Guzmán Rosalinda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicroglia is considered the central nervous system (CNS) resident macrophages that establish an innate immune response against pathogens and toxins. However, the recent studies have shown that microglial gene and protein expression follows a circadian pattern; several immune activation markers and clock genes are expressed rhythmically without the need for an immune stimulus. Furthermore, microglia responds to an immune challenge with different magnitudes depending on the time of the day. This review examines the circadian control of microglia function and the possible physiological implications. For example, we discuss that synaptic prune is performed in the cortex at a certain moment of the day. We also consider the implications of daily microglial function for maintaining biological rhythms like general activity, body temperature, and food intake. We conclude that the developmental stage, brain region, and pathological state are not the only factors to consider for the evaluation of microglial functions; instead, emerging evidence indicates that circadian time as an essential aspect for a better understanding of the role of microglia in CNS physiology.
Development and validation of the Cirrhotic Ascites Severity model—A patient‐reported outcome‐based model to predict 1‐year mortality
Authors: Gantzel Rasmus Hvidbjerg , Aagaard Niels Kristian , Vilstrup Hendrik , Watson Hugh , Grønbæk Henning , Jepsen Peter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ascites formation is a sign of decompensation of cirrhosis and heralds a poor prognosis. The widely used standard binary classification of ascites as diuretic‐responsive or refractory does not cover the spectrum of ascites and has limited prognostic information. We developed the Cirrhotic Ascites Severity (CIRAS) model to predict 1‐year mortality among 465 patients randomized to placebo in the satavaptan trials investigating treatment of cirrhotic ascites. We used multivariable logistic regression to derive the CIRAS model based on these variables: ascites discomfort score (≤50 or >50), plasma sodium (≥140, 133–139, 125–132, or <125 mmoL/L), and a composite of ascites accumulation and diuretic treatment. We validated the prediction model in 697 trial participants randomized to satavaptan treatment. The 1‐year all‐cause mortality was 19.6%. The area under the receiver operator curve was higher for the CIRAS model than for the standard ascites classification into refractory and diuretic‐responsive in both the development cohort (0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–0.75] vs. 0.62 [0.57–0.68]), and the validation cohort (0.68 [0.64–0.72] vs. 0.55 [0.51–0.60]). The CIRAS model had similar discrimination to the Child‐Pugh score and nearly as good as the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD‐Na, and MELD 3.0. Conclusions: The CIRAS model based on simple ascites‐relevant data is an easily applicable and patient‐centered way to describe the severity and prognosis of all ascites grades. It carries more prognostic information than today's label of “refractory ascites” and forms the basis for earlier and better clinical decisions related to ascites management.
Comparison of some biochemical markers between early‐onset and late‐onset colorectal precancerous lesions: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Tang Chao‐Tao , Li Jun , Yang Zhenzhen , Zeng Chunyan , Chen Youxiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveGiven that the onset of diseases including colorectal cancer precursors is affecting younger individuals and that obesity is an important risk factor for early‐onset, we conducted a study to explore the biochemical profile of differences in serum between early‐onset patients and late‐onset colorectal precancerous lesions.MethodsA total of 1447 patients, including 469 early‐onset patients and 978 late‐onset patients, were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (FAHNU), of which there were 311 sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P) and 1136 normal adenomas. The distribution of the included categorical variables was compared via Pearson's chi‐squared test, whereas continuous variables were compared by using the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test and ANOVA.ResultsCompared with late‐onset patients, the levels of total bilirubin and HDL‐C were lower (p < 0.05), whereas triglyceride and uric acid levels were higher, in early‐onset patients. Interestingly, in the subgroup analysis, triglyceride and uric acid levels remained at higher levels, whereas HDL‐C remained at lower levels, in early‐onset patients than in late‐onset patients. Other characteristics, such as LDL‐C, drinking, γ‐GT, and the N/L ratio, were similar between the two groups. An additional analysis of the association of tumor size with markers showed that lower levels of HDL‐C and higher levels of uric acid were associated with increased tumor size (p < 0.05).ConclusionsEarly‐onset CRC precursor cases exhibit higher levels of triglycerides and lower levels of HDL‐C than late‐onset cases. Additionally, levels of HDL‐C are negatively associated with tumor size, whereas uric acid was positively correlated with tumor size.
Hospital practices and clinical outcomes associated with behavioral symptoms in persons with dementia
Authors: Tannenbaum Rachel , Boltz Marie , Ilyas Anum , Gromova Valeria , Ardito Suzanne , Bhatti Mutahira , Mercep Gwenyth , Qiu Michael , Wolf‐Klein Gisele , Tan Zaldy S. , Wang Jason , Sinvani Liron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHospitalized persons living with dementia (PLWD) often experience behavioral symptoms that challenge medical care.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify clinical practices and outcomes associated with behavioral symptoms in hospitalized PLWD.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study.Settings and ParticipantsThe study included PLWD (65+) admitted to one of severe health system hospitals in 2019.InterventionBehavioral symptoms were defined as the presence of (1) a psychoactive medication for behavioral symptoms; (2) an order for physical restraints or constant observation; and/or (3) physician documentation of delirium, encephalopathy, or behavioral symptoms.Main Outcome and MeasuresAssociations between behavioral symptoms and patient characteristics and hospital practices (e.g., bladder catheter) were examined. Multivariable logistic/linear regression was used to evaluate the association between behavioral symptoms and clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality).ResultsOf hospitalized PLWD (N = 8637), the average age was 84.5 years (IQR = 79−90), 61.7% were female, 60.1% were white, and 9.4% (n = 833) were Hispanic. Behavioral symptoms were identified in 40.6% (N = 3606) of individuals. Behavioral symptoms were significantly associated with male gender (40.3% vs. 36.9%, p = .001), white race (62.7% vs. 58.3%, p < .001), and residence in a facility prior to admission (26.6% vs. 23.7%, p < .001). Regarding hospital practices, indwelling bladder catheters (11.2% vs. 6.0%, p < .001) and dietary restriction (41.9% vs. 33.8%, p < .001) were associated with behavioral symptoms. In multivariable models, behavioral symptoms were associated with increased hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.90, CI95%: 1.57−2.29), length of stay (parameter estimate: 2.10, p < .001), 30‐day readmissions (OR: 1.14, CI95%: 1.014–1.289), and decreased discharge home (OR: 0.59, CI95%: 0.53−0.65, p < .001).ConclusionsGiven the association between behavioral symptoms and poor clinical outcomes, there is an urgent need to improve the provision of care for hospitalized PLWD.
Three‐dimensional fine structure of fibroblasts and other mesodermally derived tissues in the dermis of adults of the Bahamas lancelet (Chordata, Cephalohordata), as seen by serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Holland Nicholas D. , Holland Linda Z. , Somorjai Ildiko M. L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTissues of adult cephalochordates include sparsely distributed fibroblasts. Previous work on these cells has left unsettled such questions as their developmental origin, range of functions, and even their overall shape. Here, we describe fibroblasts of a cephalochordate, the Bahamas lancelet,Asymmetron lucayanum, by serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy to demonstrate their three‐dimensional (3D) distribution and fine structure in a 0.56‐mm length of the tail. The technique reveals in detail their position, abundance, and morphology. In the region studied, we found only 20 fibroblasts, well separated from one another. Each was strikingly stellate with long cytoplasmic processes rather similar to those of a vertebrate telocyte, a possibly fortuitous resemblance that is considered in the discussion section. In the cephalochordate dermis, the fibroblasts were never linked with one another, although they occasionally formed close associations of unknown significance with other cell types. The fibroblasts, in spite of their name, showed no signs of directly synthesizing fibrillar collagen. Instead, they appeared to be involved in the production of nonfibrous components of the extracellular matrix—both by the release of coarsely granular dense material and by secretion of more finely granular material by the local breakdown of their cytoplasmic processes. For context, the 3D structures of two other mesoderm‐derived tissues (the midline mesoderm and the posteriormost somite) are also described for the region studied.
How the VA is training the Next‐Generation workforce for learning health systems
Authors: Kilbourne Amy M. , Schmidt Joel , Edmunds Margo , Vega Ryan , Bowersox Nicholas , Atkins David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has been a national leader in Learning Health System (LHS) implementation due to its combined mission of research, education, clinical care, and emergency preparedness. We describe the current VA LHS training ecosystem within the Veterans Health Administration's Office of Academic Affiliations (OAA), Office of Research and Development (ORD), ORD's Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) program, and Innovation Ecosystem (IE), including lessons learned regarding their sustainment.MethodsThe VA LHS training ecosystem is based on the Learning Loop and HSR&D Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) Roadmap, which describes VA learning opportunities, underlying infrastructures, and core competencies.ResultsVA‐focused LHS educational programs include data‐to‐knowledge initiatives in health sciences and analytics, for example, OAA/HSR&D health services and informatics research fellowships; knowledge‐to‐performance opportunities in implementation and quality improvement, for example, QUERI Learning Hubs and IEs' Diffusion of Excellence Initiative; and performance‐to‐data embedded opportunities, for example, IE's entrepreneur fellowship programs and QUERI's Advancing Diversity in Implementation Leadership. These training programs are supported by combined VA research and clinical operations investments in funding, informatics, governance, and processes. Lessons learned include ongoing alignment of research funding with operational priorities and capacity, relentless recruitment and retention of implementation, system, and information scientists especially from under‐represented groups, sustainment of data infrastructures suitable for research and quality improvement, and ensuring sustainable funding opportunities for researchers to work on system‐wide health care problems.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to expand training opportunities in LHSs, especially as health care is increasingly driven by multiple interested parties, impacted by persistent health disparities exacerbated by emerging public health threats, and rapid technology growth. With ongoing alignment of research and clinical goals, foundational support through research funding, underlying clinical operations infrastructures, and active engagement interested parties, VA's LHS training ecosystem promotes a more LHS‐savvy, 21st century workforce.
Tailor‐Made Vinylogous Urethane Vitrimers Based on Binary and Ternary Block and Random Copolymers: An Approach toward Reprocessable Materials
Authors: Weerathaworn Siraphat , Abetz Volker 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVitrimers are promising reprocessable materials. To tune their properties, microphase separated block copolymers as backbones play an essential role in the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting nanostructured networks. In this study, various narrow disperse di‐ and triblock copolymers containing a hydroxyethyl methacrylate block and, for comparison, random copolymers of the same comonomers are synthesized in a controlled manner by photoiniferter reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Subsequently, the copolymers are modified by acetoacetate groups and cross‐linked with diamines. After curing, the di‐ and triblock copolymer‐based vitrimers exhibit excellent thermal and mechanical properties compared to random ones; moreover, their characteristic properties can be adjusted by different types and amounts of diamines. As the transamination reaction is a thermoreversible exchange reaction, the resulting vitrimers are reprocessable and therefore are recyclable materials. The combining of two of these classes of soft materials, namely vitrimers and block copolymers, leads to materials with a broad spectrum of adjustable mechanical properties for various applications with an improved end‐of‐life management, when compared to permanently crosslinked thermosets.
Incorporating Time-Lapse Digital Cameras into Creel Surveys at Three Alabama Reservoirs
Authors: Eckelbecker Robert W. , Coleman Tyler Steven , Catalano Matthew J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We compared different creel survey methods at three Alabama reservoirs (Harris, Jordan, and Mitchell) to identify approaches that could improve precision. We were particularly interested in whether boat trailer counts from time-lapse photos taken at boat ramp parking lots could be used as an index of fishing effort to improve the temporal coverage of sampling. Angler effort was estimated independently using roving creels, access point creels, and aerial census counts and compared with fixed-location digital camera images of trailers at boat ramps. Digital camera counts of trailers correlated with angler effort from aerial census, access point creel surveys, and roving creel surveys. This finding suggests that time-lapse digital cameras as a sampling method to obtain angler effort may provide a feasible method once calibrated to a system. Best-fitting models for relationships between time-lapse trailer counts and the other creel methods included covariates for season and day type (weekend versus weekday) effects, but not reservoir and time-of-day effects. The inclusion of effort predicted from time-lapse digital cameras incorporated with roving creel surveys did not statistically affect the magnitude of effort estimates but substantially increased the precision of effort estimates.