bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of HIV physicians in Spain towards diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in people with HIV
Authors: Pérez‐Valero Ignacio , Blanch Jordi , Martínez Esteban 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesDespite the importance of neuropsychiatric comorbidities (NPCs) in people with HIV, the degree of physician compliance with recommendations for diagnosis and management is unknown. This study assessed the perceptions, knowledge, skills, and attitudes of physicians regarding the diagnosis and management of NPCs in people with HIV in hospital settings in Spain.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study including non‐psychiatrist HIV specialist physicians responsible for antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription and clinical care of ≥50 people with HIV/month, who completed an online survey of 34 questions.ResultsThe 115 physicians who completed the survey (totally) agreed that assessing mental health was relevant (97.4%) and that NPCs were underdiagnosed (76.6%) and were very/fairly sensitized (67.8%). However, they reported receiving little/no training on the detection of NPCs (64.3%). Physicians considered that patients underreported NPCs (53.9%) and that alcohol (94.8%), recreational substances (97.4%), and tobacco consumption (95.6%) were (very) relevant. Physicians agreed that NPCs were difficult to identify (52.2%) and that few tools were available (53.0%) and failed to use questionnaires (79.1%) and follow guidelines (77.4%) for the detection of NPCs. The main reasons precluding appropriate diagnosis and evaluation were lack of proactive attitudes and specific training and limited visit time. Upon detection of NPCs, physicians referred patients to the in‐house psychiatry/psychology centre (61.7%), adjusted ART to minimize interactions (96.5%), and managed NPCs in conjunction with mental health professionals (71.3%).ConclusionsPhysicians in hospital settings in Spain were aware of the relevance of NPC diagnosis and their underdiagnosis. However, they still failed to routinely evaluate NPCs, follow guideline recommendations, and use questionnaires, highlighting opportunities for improved NPC detection and management in people with HIV.
Trust as a catalyst for regional growth in a decentralized Europe: The interplay between informal and formal institutions in driving economic growth
Authors: Muringani Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmpirical studies examining the interplay between informal and formal institutions on economic growth are scarce. As a result, we do not know how differences in trust affect the economic returns of the quality of regional governments and their autonomy. A panel regression analysis of 208 regions in 21 EU countries shows that informal and formal institutions matter for economic growth, individually and in combination. More specifically, trust substitutes the quality of regional government but does not affect the economic impact of its degree of decentralization. Therefore, policymakers need to think creatively about harnessing institutions to promote economic growth.
Health subsidies, prevention and welfare
Authors: Marchiori Luca , Pierrard Olivier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPeople value healthy ageing but may underinvest in health‐improving preventive care. This arises when they ignore the beneficial effects of healthy ageing on public health expenditures and hence on the tax burden of future generations. This health externality justifies public intervention. We build an overlapping generations model with a government subsidizing investment in health by the young generation and paying the health care costs of the old generation. We find that the welfare‐maximizing subsidy rate depends positively on the health externality and the size of health care costs, and negatively on the discount factor. The subsidy rate should therefore be high when prevention is cost‐effective and when the population is careless about the future. Moreover, the welfare‐maximizing subsidy rate is lower than the health‐maximizing rate but higher than the capital‐maximizing rate. This underlines the trade‐off for a policy maker between health and economy.
Effects of DDR1 on migration and adhesion of periodontal ligament cells and the underlying mechanism
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Han Bing , Liu Kaining , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveAs one of the widely expressed cell surface receptors binding to collagen, the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), knowledge of the expression, functions, and mechanisms underlying the role of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) is incomplete. This study determined the expression of DDR1 in hPDLCs and the effect of DDR1 upon migration and adhesion to hPDLCs, as well as the related regulatory mechanisms.Materials and MethodsThe expression of DDR1 and the DDR1 isoforms in hPDLCs from six donors were tested. The migratory ability (horizontal and vertical) and adhesive capacity of hPDLCs with or without specific knockdown of DDR1 were evaluated. After treatment with MEK‐ERK1/2 inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) with or without RNAi, the migratory and adhesive capacity of hPDLCs were re‐tested. Western blotting was performed to verify p‐MEK1/2 and p‐ERK1/2, the key factors of the MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling pathways.ResultsDDR1 was detected in hPDLCs in the mRNA and protein level; DDR1b was the dominant isoform. Knockdown of DDR1 almost halved the migratory capacity and significantly downregulated the adhesive capacity of hPDLCs. The use of MEK‐ERK1/2 inhibitors caused declined migratory and adhesive capacity of hPDLCs as well. After DDR1 was knocked down, the expression of p‐MEK and p‐ERK protein declined significantly while total MEK and ERK showed no obvious change, which means the ratio of p‐MEK/MEK and p‐ERK/ERK was markedly reduced.ConclusionsDDR1 plays an important role in the migration and adhesion of hPDLCs and might be regulated via the MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) III: An update
Authors: Soreng Robert J. , Peterson Paul M. , Zuloaga Fernando O. , Romaschenko Konstantin , Clark Lynn G. , Teisher Jordan K. , Gillespie Lynn J. , Barberá Patricia , Welker Cassiano A. D. , Kellogg Elizabeth A. , Li De‐Zhu , Davidse Gerrit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present an updated worldwide phylogenetic classification of Poaceae with 11 783 species in 12 subfamilies, 7 supertribes, 54 tribes, 5 super subtribes, 109 subtribes, and 789 accepted genera. The subfamilies (in descending order based on the number of species) are Pooideae with 4126 species in 219 genera, 15 tribes, and 34 subtribes; Panicoideae with 3325 species in 242 genera, 14 tribes, and 24 subtribes; Bambusoideae with 1698 species in 136 genera, 3 tribes, and 19 subtribes; Chloridoideae with 1603 species in 121 genera, 5 tribes, and 30 subtribes; Aristidoideae with 367 species in three genera and one tribe; Danthonioideae with 292 species in 19 genera and 1 tribe; Micrairoideae with 192 species in nine genera and three tribes; Oryzoideae with 117 species in 19 genera, 4 tribes, and 2 subtribes; Arundinoideae with 36 species in 14 genera and 3 tribes; Pharoideae with 12 species in three genera and one tribe; Puelioideae with 11 species in two genera and two tribes; and the Anomochlooideae with four species in two genera and two tribes. Two new tribes and 22 new or resurrected subtribes are recognized. Forty‐five new (28) and resurrected (17) genera are accepted, and 24 previously accepted genera are placed in synonymy. We also provide an updated list of all accepted genera including common synonyms, genus authors, number of species in each accepted genus, and subfamily affiliation. We propose Locajonoa, a new name and rank with a new combination, L. coerulescens. The following seven new combinations are made in Lorenzochloa: L. bomanii, L. henrardiana, L. mucronata, L. obtusa, L. orurensis, L. rigidiseta, and L. venusta.
Thyroid dysfunction incidence and risk factors in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon alpha: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Ma Zhenxuan , Qin Yanli , Jia Yidi , Xie Yiran , Qi Xun , Guo Yifei , He Jingjing , Zhang Yongmei , Li Fahong , Yu Jie , Zhu Haoxiang , Yang Feifei , Zhang Yu , Mao Richeng , Zhang Jiming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe long‐term impact, incidence and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving pegylated interferon (IFN) alpha (PegIFN‐alpha) therapy remain unclear. We aim to investigate the long‐term safety of thyroid dysfunction in CHB patients receiving PegIFN‐alpha. A retrospective observational study of 425 CHB patients with normal baseline thyroid function was carried out. Patients were followed up over 10 years to assess thyroid function after receiving IFN. At the end of the IFN therapy, 67 patients (15.8%) had developed thyroid dysfunction, 31 patients (46.3%) had hyperthyroidism and 64.4% presented with subclinical thyroid dysfunction. In follow‐up of thyroid dysfunction patients, 37 patients (74.0%) spontaneously regained normal thyroid function. Pretreatment thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity and free thyroxine (FT4) were independent risk factors associated with thyroid dysfunction incidence. High TSH level (OR = 9.866, 95%CI, 3.245–29.998) was associated with a greater likelihood of hypothyroidism. High FT4 levels (OR = 0.464, 95%CI, 0.248–0.868) indicate a low likelihood of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction is a common but acceptable side effect of IFN therapy for CHB. Most thyroid dysfunction is reversible. Pretreatment TSH level and TPOAb positivity are risk factors for thyroid dysfunction development during IFN therapy. A high TSH level predicts an increased incidence of hypothyroidism. Moreover, FT4 may be a protective factor for thyroid dysfunction.
A regulatory cost assessment of ornamental aquaculture farms in Florida
Authors: Boldt Noah C. , Engle Carole R. , van Senten Jonathan , Cassiano Eric J. , DiMaggio Matthew A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ornamental aquaculture trade is a diverse sector of aquaculture and faces unique challenges that other commodity groups do not have to contend with. The various production techniques, species, and destination markets make ornamental aquaculture an interesting study in how regulations impact the industry. In Florida, aquaculture is primarily regulated under the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, unique from other states. Regulatory costs and the value of lost production on ornamental farms in Florida were estimated to be $5.2 and $23.2 million, respectively. Results from an industry‐wide census have shown that there is a high regulatory burden on ornamental farmers for some regulatory categories. These include issues of legal control of fish‐eating predators, the restriction of drugs and chemicals, which would be beneficial to production, and the prohibition for farmers to raise species that have been restricted for culture at the national and state level. Larger farms were also able to limit the impact from regulations better than smaller farms by spreading their regulatory costs and value of lost production across greater sales. Although the values of lost production were high for ornamental producers, direct regulatory costs were low compared with other aquaculture commodities demonstrating that the industry in Florida may prove a regulatory model for other sectors.
Motion planning for efficient and safe module transportation in modular integrated construction
Authors: Zheng Zhenjie , Pan Mi , Yang Yi , Pan Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModular integrated construction (MiC) is the most advanced construction method that involves off‐site manufacturing, factory‐to‐site transportation, and on‐site assembly of free‐standing integrated modules. Despite the growing interest in the manufacturability of MiC, little research is available on the passing ability issues where efficient and safe transportation of modules is critical to the project's success. This paper proposes (1) a novel computational method for formulating and solving the module's horizontal passing ability with road constraints as a motion planning problem and (2) a new index to assess the path performance in critical scenarios. The newly developed Truck‐Parallelized Hybrid A Star (TP‐Hybrid A*) has novelties in collision checking, cost function formulation, and parallel computing on different vehicle dimensions. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm was experimentally verified to be superior to the rapid random tree in computation time and path performance and further demonstrated by applying it to a real‐life MiC project. The new index can serve as a useful tool for decision‐making in module dimension design and transportation planning of MiC projects when tackling the module's horizontal passing ability issues.
Mary as a New Eve in the Thought of St Paul
Authors: Crean Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough the theme of Mary as a new or second Eve is first explicitly found in the writings of Justin Martyr, there is an antecedent probability that it is of apostolic origin and familiar to St Paul. I argue that this theme helps to interpret several passages in the Pauline corpus that have remained without adequate explanation. The first and principal passage discussed is 1 Cor. 11:11-12, where the phrase ‘the man by the woman’ is put in parallel with the original formation of the woman ‘from the man’. Once it is thus accepted that St Paul understood the Virgin Mary through this typological lens, three others passages are seen to yield a more coherent and richer sense: ‘made of a woman’ in Gal. 4:4; ‘saved through child-bearing’ in 1 Tim. 2:14-15; and ‘each in his own “tagma”’ in 1 Cor. 15:23.
Why Angels And Aliens Do Not Receive The Sacraments
Authors: Lazzari Edmund Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMy ‘Would St. Thomas Aquinas baptize an Extraterrestrial?’ argued that intelligent extraterrestrial life with sufficiently different matter from human beings would not share a human nature and would therefore not be integrated into the Mystical Body of Christ in the same way as human beings, through Christ's sacrifice and the sacraments. Marie George, in ‘Would St. Thomas Aquinas Baptize an Extraterrestrial? Revisited’, demonstrated that the angels are fully incorporated into the Mystical Body of Christ in the theology of St. Thomas Aquinas, and therefore posited that St. Thomas would not object to intelligent extraterrestrials of a different nature being baptized. This article revises my contentions about the Mystical Body and then shows that St. Thomas's theology excludes angels from the sacraments on the grounds of lacking a shared nature and argues that, while both extraterrestrials and angels can be saved by Christ, the sacraments have been given only to those who share a human nature with Christ.
Salivary bacterial community profile in normal‐weight and obese adolescent patients prior to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
Authors: Sharara Shima H. , Cleaver Leanne M. , Saloom Hayder , Carpenter Guy H. , Cobourne Martyn T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the intra‐oral bacterial profile of normal‐weight and obese adolescents prior to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Materials and methodsNineteen adolescent patients were recruited into two groups based upon body mass index (BMI) and classified as normal‐weight or obese. Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was obtained for 5 minutes. Bacterial DNA extraction was performed from saliva, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V1‐2 variable regions was undertaken followed by analysis using the mothur pipeline.ResultsSaliva from a total of 19 adolescent patients with mean (SD) age 15.6 (1.8) years were divided into 10 normal‐weight with mean BMI of 19.4 (2.2) kg/m2 and 9 obese with mean BMI of 30.2 (3.5) kg/m2. A total of 156 783 sequences were obtained from the 19 samples with no significant differences in richness or diversity between sample groups by obesity status or gender (AMOVA). The bacterial community in both groups was dominated by bacterial genera characteristic of the human mouth, which included Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, Veillonella, Gemella, Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Rothia.ConclusionThere were no differences in alpha or beta diversity of oral bacterial communities between normal‐weight and obese orthodontic patients. Obese adolescents attending for orthodontic treatment had a similar microflora to their normal‐weight counterparts.
Ciliary muscle thickness in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Anderson Heather A. , Bailey Melissa D. , Manny Ruth E. , Kao Chiu‐Yen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe relationship between ciliary muscle thickness (CMT), age and refractive error was investigated to determine if CMT, like other anterior ocular anatomy, differs in adults with Down syndrome (DS).MethodsThe CMT of 33 adults with DS was imaged using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Images from the right eye obtained 45 minutes after cycloplegia (1% tropicamide, 2.5% phenylephrine) were analysed to calculate thickness at 1, 2 and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CMT1, CMT2, CMT3), maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and apical thickness (AT = CMT1 – CMT2). Spherical equivalent refractive error was determined by clinical refraction using both non‐dilated and dilated measures. Multivariate regression analysis evaluated the relationship between CMT and refractive error while controlling for subject age.ResultsImages were analysed from 26 subjects (mean age (SD) 29 years; mean refractive error (SD): −0.90 (5.03) D, range: −15.75 to +5.13D). Mean (SD) CMT decreased with posterior position (CMT1: 804 (83) μm; CMT2: 543 (131) μm; CMT3: 312 (100) μm). Mean (SD) CMTMAX and AT was 869 (57) μm and 260 (84) μm, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation indicating thinning CMT with increasing age for CMT1 and CMT2 (p ≤0.05). CMT2 and CMT3 had a significant negative correlation (thicker muscle with increasing myopic refractive error) (p ≤0.01). AT had a significant positive correlation (thicker muscle with increasing hyperopic refractive error) (p <0.01).ConclusionsCiliary muscle thickness in participants with DS was found to be in a similar range with similar refractive error trends to previous reports of individuals without DS. However, it is important to note that the refractive error trends were driven by individuals with moderate to high levels of myopia.
Plasma procurement and plasma product safety in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of the plasma industry
Authors: Turecek Peter L. , Hibbett Deborah , Kreil Thomas R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review, written from the perspective of the plasma industry, discusses plasma procurement and plasma product safety in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the whole world and, therefore, not unexpectedly, the pharmaceutical industry too. In spite of this, the plasma protein industry has continued to provide life saving therapies to critically ill patients. Moreover, companies have collected COVID convalescent plasma (CP) to support development of investigational therapies, for example, hyperimmune globulins to potentially treat SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and collaborated with those collecting COVID CP for direct transfusion, which has been made available under emergency use in the United States. For plasma that is fractionated to become a therapy, general knowledge of coronaviruses and numerous new studies on the structure and function of SARS‐CoV‐2 provide reassurance that existing industry precautions, including donor selection, as well as virus inactivation and removal steps during the manufacturing process are sufficient to maintain the high standards of virus safety of plasma products. The pandemic also revealed the vulnerability and inadequacy of the current plasma ecosystem. There is a need for more plasma to be collected around the world to meet the growing need for safe and efficacious plasma‐derived therapies. This requires outdated regulatory and policy restrictions to be realigned with current scientific evidence. More countries around the world should be in a position to contribute to global supply of plasma so that patients with life‐threatening conditions ‐ and often no alternative therapeutic solutions ‐ have better access to care.
Construction and application of water security early‐warning model
Authors: Guo Lishuo , Wang Lifang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnsuring water security means meeting the water demand required to sustain human activity. This study constructs an early‐warning model of water resources security based on water resource carrying capacity, which consists of water demand predictions and early‐warning standards. Taking China as an example, we compare expected water demand in 2030 with the maximum available water (water use red line) regulated by the government. The results reveal that some regional water demand will surpass their own red line at the provincial level, whereas at the national level, total water use is not expected to exceed the red line control of 700 billion m3. This approach provides a valuable method for tracking the future water demands of human activity. An early‐warning model for water resources contributes to identifying strategies for expanding water security in the face of drought and other water hazards and is applicable to other regions.
INVENTORY OF HIGH VALUE CROPS USING LIDAR DATA AND GIS IN LANAO DEL NORTE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Sabado-Burlat Carmel , T. Ignacio Ma. Teresa , Guihawan Jaime 
Published: March 2022

One of the objectives of Republic Act 8435 or Philippines Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 is to modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors by developing it into a technology –supported division. In the Philippines, about 32% of the country's total land areas were agricultural lands. Mapping and delineating the agricultural crops are significant in the implementation of this Act. Moreover, having an updated and accurate inventory of the agricultural resources in an area is critical in the assessment, planning, and development specifically in providing the necessary government support to improve the agricultural system, like Farm-to-Market Roads (FMR), irrigation system, pre- and post-harvest facilities, among others. This study extracted agricultural crops like rice, corn, coconut, banana, and mango present in the province of Lanao Del Norte using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology and Geographic Information System (GIS). LiDAR is an active remote sensing system with an illumination source from laser lights. Object-based image analysis (OBIA), multi-level support vector machine (SVM) classifier, and ground truthing were the general procedure in extracting and validating these crops. OBIA allows the segmentation of images derived from LiDAR datasets into meaningful objects. SVM classifier analyzes and identifies the pattern in the attributes of the segmented objects and classifies these objects based on its analysis. 71% of the extracted agricultural areas are planted with coconut, followed by banana with 13%, corn with 8%, rice constitutes 5%, and lastly mango with 3% of the total agricultural area. These extracted crops can now be utilized in updating the agricultural resource accounting of the province. Accuracy assessment was performed using 3,300 validation points gathered from the field and from orthorectified photos. Result of evaluating the accuracy shows that 80-90% of the crops were extracted and classified correctly. The accuracy assessment records an overall accuracy of 0.915 and a Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.89147