bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of Atg8-dependent recruitment of phagosomal proteins in the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Nakada-Tsukui Kumiko , Watanabe Natsuki , Shibata Kumiko , Wahyuni Ratna , Miyamoto Eri , Nozaki Tomoyoshi 
Published: October 2022

Autophagy is one of the bulk degradation systems and is conserved throughout eukaryotes. In the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amebiasis, Atg8 is not exclusively involved in autophagy per se but also in other membrane traffic-related pathways such as phagosome biogenesis. We previously reported that repression of atg8 gene expression by antisense small RNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (gs) resulted in growth retardation, delayed endocytosis, and reduced acidification of endosomes and phagosomes. In this study, to better understand the role of Atg8 in phagocytosis and trogocytosis, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of phagosomes isolated from wild type and atg8-gs strains. We found that 127 and 107 proteins were detected &gt;1.5-fold less or more abundantly, respectively, in phagosomes isolated from the atg8-gs strain, compared to the control strain. Among 127 proteins whose abundance was reduced in phagosomes from atg8-gs, a panel of proteins related to fatty acid metabolism, phagocytosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis was identified. Various lysosomal hydrolases and their receptors also tend to be excluded from phagosomes by atg8-gs, reinforcing the notion that Atg8 is involved in phagosomal acidification and digestion. On the contrary, among 107 proteins whose abundance increased in phagosomes from atg8-gs strain, ribosome-related proteins and metabolite interconversion enzymes are enriched. We further investigated the localization of several representative proteins, including adenylyl cyclase-associated protein and plasma membrane calcium pump, both of which were demonstrated to be recruited to phagosomes and trogosomes via an Atg8-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our study has provided the basis of the phagosome proteome to further elucidate molecular events in the Atg8-dependent regulatory network of phagosome/trogosome biogenesis in E. histolytica.
Porphyromonas gingivalis secretion leads to dysplasia of normal esophageal epithelial cells via the Sonic hedgehog pathway
Authors: Jia Xueting , Liu Jinan , He Yinxue , Huang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the pathogenic effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis cultured media on the esophagus and the mechanism underlying the effect.BackgroundPeriodontitis is strongly associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The cultured media of P. gingivalis may act on healthy esophagus to trigger a malignant transformation; however, this has not been confirmed.MethodsCell migration assays and cell cycle measurements were performed on normal human esophageal epithelial cells in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis cultured media. The esophagi of healthy adult C57BL/6J mice were isolated and cultured in-vitro. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Claudin 1 and Claudin 4 were performed to detect dysplasia in specific tissues. Total mRNA was extracted to determine transcriptional dysregulation. A specific inhibitor of Sonic hedgehog signaling, cyclopamine, was used to confirm the underlying molecular mechanism.ResultsIn the presence of P. gingivalis cultured media, proliferation and migration of normal human esophageal epithelial cells were up-regulated, and aneuploid cells appeared. Compared with control cells, the arrangement of mouse esophageal epithelial cells became disordered, the percentage of PCNA-positive cells increased, and the positive staining of Claudin 1 and Claudin 4 became weak. In addition, the expression of cancer-related pathway genes was up-regulated but tight junction-related gene expression was down-regulated. The Sonic hedgehog pathway was abnormally activated, and its inhibition reduced the pathogenic effect of P. gingivalis cultured media.ConclusionsWe revealed that the cultured media of the key periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis, can induce the malignant transformation of normal esophageal epithelium through the Sonic hedgehog pathway.
Mesh nebulizers enabling transnasal pulmonary delivery of medical aerosols to infants and toddlers: Roles, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Ari Arzu , Rubin Bruce K. , Fink James B. 
Published: October 2022

The development of mesh nebulizer technology has expanded the ability to deliver medical aerosols to infants and small childrenvianasal cannula and prongs. Mesh nebulizers do not require compressed gas to generate aerosols and have a smaller, lighter profile facilitating placement in delivery circuits, unlike ultrasonic nebulizers. Prior to this century, aerosol delivery with the nasal interface to 1–4 kg infants or surrogate animal models was limited to low single-digit deposition.In vitroand animal studies with the enabling mesh technology increase inhaled dose by upwards of 14% when nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation is in use. Recently, investigations of transnasal aerosol delivery to the lung have expanded to include nasal cannula interfaces with both high and low flow oxygen administration, nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy, and nasal noninvasive ventilation in treating respiratory distress, respiratory insufficiency, and acute respiratory failure of infants and toddlers. We will first examine the progression of testing transpulmonary delivery of medical aerosols fromin vitromodels toin vivoanimal and human studies. Then, we will explain current and developing applications in clinical practice to view future directions and opportunities.
Case report: 11-ketotestosterone may potentiate advanced bone age as seen in some cases of Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome
Authors: Buchanan Katherine , Greenup Erin , Hurst Anna C. E. , Sunil Bhuvana , Ashraf Ambika P. 
Published: October 2022

ContextWiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WSS) is a genetic disorder associated with an array of clinical phenotypes, including advanced bone age and short stature. 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) is a member of the group known as 11-oxygenated C19 androgens that are implicated in premature adrenarche.Case descriptionCase 1: The patient is a 3 year and 11-month-old female diagnosed with WSS due to deletion of KMT2A detected on CGH microarray. At two years and 11 months, imaging revealed an advanced bone age. We obtained an 11KT level on this patient. 11KT in case 1 was elevated at 26.3 ng/dL, while the normal reference range is 7.3-10.9 ng/dL and the reference interval for premature adrenarche is 12.3-22.9 ng/dL, The repeat 11KT at follow up (chronological age 4 years and 6 months) was still elevated at 33.8 ng/dL Case 2: A second child with WSS and a 5kb intragenic KMT2A deletion was evaluated at 11 months of age; his 11KT was 4.5 ng/dL.ConclusionsThe elevated 11KT may indicate maturational changes related to increasing adrenal gland androgenic activation and may explain the advanced bone age seen in some patients with WSS. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes 11KT as a bioactive androgen potentially causing bone age advancement in WSS. Lack of elevation of 11KT in the second child who is an infant suggests increasing androgenic precursors and metabolites related to premature adrenarche may need to be longitudinally followed.
How breastfeeding behavior develops in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study based on health belief model in China
Authors: Qian Pan , Duan Lixia , Lin Rujiao , Du Xiwang , Wang Dan , Liu Chenxi , Zeng Tieying 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which women develop hyperglycemia during pregnancy, and is associated with long-term health burden on both mother and their offspring, such as future type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although breastfeeding was expected to mitigate metabolic sequelae for both mothers and their newborns, the prevalence of breastfeeding in GDM mothers are sub-optimal worldwide.ObjectiveTo explore the experience of disease among mothers with GDM and how they develop feeding behaviors.MethodsThis study was conducted in three branches of an integrated tertiary hospital in the central area of China. Mothers who were diagnosed with GDM, had no other complications, and gave birth before no more than 6 months were approached based on a purposive sampling. GDM mothers’ experience of the disease and breastfeeding were collected via in-depth interviews. A theory-driven thematic analysis based on Health Belief Model (HBM) was applied for data analysis. Inductive reasoning was used to identify emerging themes which were not included in HBM.Results16 GDM mothers were included in the current study, with nine using breastfeeding, six mixed feeding and one artificial feeding, respectively. Nine themes were identified, including: 1) GDM diagnosis and severity; 2) information searching and GDM knowledge;3) GDM management; 4) perceived susceptibility of future diabetes;5) perceived severity of future diabetes;6) perceived benefits of breastfeeding;7) perceived barriers of breastfeeding;8) decision making process of feeding and social support. Generally, mothers with GDM lack reliable sources of information, considered the disease as a minor and transient illness during pregnancy, and failed to realize the long-term risk of GDM and the protective effect of breastfeeding to themselves and their babies. They rarely considered GDM in their feeding decision. Instead, the formation of feeding behaviors depends on the balance between the benefits and barriers of breastfeeding as well as the level of social support.ConclusionTo promote breastfeeding, a multi-facet intervention targeted on healthcare providers (HCPs), GDM mothers and their networks was important to help GDM mothers better and correctly understand the disease and breastfeeding, and increase their capacity of breastfeeding.
Association of follicle-to-oocyte index and clinical pregnancy in IVF treatment: A retrospective study of 4,323 fresh embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Li Peiyi , Chen Zhiyun 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate whether the follicle-to-oocyte index [FOI: (number of retrieved oocytes/antral follicle count) × 100] was associated with clinical pregnancy after fresh cleavage transfer.DesignThe framework used to organize this study is retrospective cohort analysis.SettingThe study was performed in a single in vitro fertilization center in a public hospital.PatientsIn total, 4,323 fresh embryo transfer cycles from 1 August 2011 to 31 January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were designated into three groups according to FOI tertile values.InterventionsThere are no interventions in this study.Main outcome measureThe primary outcome measure is the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR).ResultsA total of 4,323 patients were included in the study. According to their FOI, patients were divided into low (FOI ≤ 0.70, n = 1,434), medium (FOI = 0.71–0.95, n = 1,070), and high (FOI = 0.96–1.00, n = 1,819) tertile groups. A significant statistical increase in the CPR from the lowest to the highest tertile FOI group was detected (47.28%, 51.78%, and 51.57%; P =0.026). After adjusted for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between FOI and CPR [odds ratio (OR) = 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–2.11]. Each standard deviation increments in FOI (SD = 0.24) corresponded to a 20% increase in the CPR. Trend analysis also showed that FOI tertile groups were positively associated with CPR (P for trend = 0.010). Smooth curve fitting indicated the existence of a linear relationship across the entire range of FOI. No optimal cutoff value of FOI for prognosing CPR was found in smooth curve fitting analysis. Moreover, subgroup analyses suggested that the association was significantly stronger in the single cleavage transfer cycle (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.14–3.65).ConclusionsFOI is an independent variable in prediction for CPR in fresh embryo transfer cycle, especially in the single cleavage transfer cycle.
Carbon dioxide flux in the drained drawdown areas of Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Yang Le , Lu Hao , Yu Xuefang , Li Hepeng 
Published: October 2022

A huge amount of CO2 emissions from the drained drawdown areas of reservoirs overturns the previous results in carbon budget. Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has a large drawdown area, which accounts for nearly one third of the total area of the TGR. However, the total CO2 emissions from the TGR drawdown area have seldom been estimated by far. To demonstrate the contribution of CO2 emissions from the TGR drawdown areas, the study measured CO2 emissions from the downstream part of the TGR drawdown areas by the chamber method, and synthesized CO2 emissions from the other parts of TGR drawdown areas. Both the diel and seasonal variation indicated that CO2 emission fluxes were significantly higher in the drained season than in the flooded season. The average CO2 emission flux in the drained season was about 1.7 times higher than that in the inundated season in our experiments, and the ratio increased to 4.8 times when other available data was added. CO2 emission flux in the drained season was positively correlated with air temperature, soil temperature at 5 cm depth, soil water content, organic carbon, and soil nitrate nitrogen, but negatively correlated with elevations. CO2 emission from the TGR drawdown area was estimated to be 342.67–495.96 Gg yr−1 in the drained season, and offset about 80% of carbon fixation by vegetation in the TGR drawdown area. Therefore, CO2 emission from the drained soils should be included in the carbon budget of reservoir systems, especially for these reservoirs with a large drawdown area.
Impact of airport operations and road traffic on the particle number concentration in the vicinity of a suburban airport
Authors: Fritz Sabine , Grusdat Felix , Sharkey Rowan , Schneider Christoph 
Published: October 2022

The impact of airports on ambient air pollution is a major concern due to its impact on public health. This study analyzes the sub-micron total particle number concentration (PNC) as a proxy for ultrafine particles in the immediate vicinity of Berlin-Tegel Airport (TXL) based on a mobile measurement campaign in summer 2019. With predominantly westerly winds, 45 measurement runs took place along a 20–30 km route to the east of the airport. The highlights of the study are as follows: 1. Berlin-Tegel Airport had a distinct but a spatially limited impact on the residential areas to the east of the airport. 2. Particle number concentrations in the lee of the airport are significantly higher than the mean of the entire area. 3. Locations along the eastward extension of the runways are significantly more affected than those outside the approach corridor. 4. The impact of airport operations on PNC in the adjacent neighborhood is comparable to the combined impact of busy roads in the area. The closure of Berlin-Tegel Airport at the end of 2020 should have considerably improved the air quality in the residential areas in the close vicinity of the airport.
Seasonal variability of CO2, CH4, and N2O content and fluxes in small agricultural reservoirs of the northern Great Plains
Authors: Jensen Sydney A. , Webb Jackie R. , Simpson Gavin L. , Baulch Helen M. , Leavitt Peter R. , Finlay Kerri 
Published: October 2022

Inland waters are important global sources, and occasional sinks, of CO2, CH4, and N2O to the atmosphere, but relatively little is known about the contribution of GHGs of constructed waterbodies, particularly small sites in agricultural regions that receive large amounts of nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus). Here, we quantify the magnitude and controls of diffusive CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from 20 agricultural reservoirs on seasonal and diel timescales. All gases exhibited consistent seasonal trends, with CO2 concentrations highest in spring and fall and lowest in mid-summer, CH4 highest in mid-summer, and N2O elevated in spring following ice-off. No discernible diel trends were observed for GHG content. Analyses of GHG covariance with potential regulatory factors were conducted using generalized additive models (GAMs) that revealed CO2 concentrations were affected primarily by factors related to benthic respiration, including dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), stratification strength, and water source (as δ18Owater). In contrast, variation in CH4 content was correlated positively with factors that favoured methanogenesis, and so varied inversely with DO, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and conductivity (a proxy for sulfate content), and positively with DIN, DOC, and temperature. Finally, N2O concentrations were driven mainly by variation in reservoir mixing (as buoyancy frequency), and were correlated positively with DO, SRP, and DIN levels and negatively with pH and stratification strength. Estimates of mean CO2-eq flux during the open-water period ranged from 5,520 mmol m−2 year1 (using GAM-predictions) to 10,445 mmol m−2 year−1 (using interpolations of seasonal data) reflecting how extreme values were extrapolated, with true annual flux rates likely falling between these two estimates.
Identification and validation of a hypoxia-immune signature for overall survival prediction in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yong , Huang Huiqin , Jiang Meichen , Yu Nanding , Ye Xiangli , Huang Zhenghui , Chen Limin 
Published: October 2022

Objective: The interaction between immunity and hypoxia in tumor microenvironment (TME) has clinical significance, and this study aims to explore immune-hypoxia related biomarkers in LUAD to guide accurate prognosis of patients.Methods: The LUAD gene expression dataset was downloaded from GEO and TCGA databases. The immune-related genes and hypoxia-related genes were acquired from ImmPort and MSigDB databases, respectively. Genes related to immune and hypoxia in LUAD were obtained by intersection. The significantly prognostic genes in LUAD were obtained by LASSO and Cox regression analyses and a prognostic model was constructed. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate and validate model reliability. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were employed to analyze immune cell infiltration and pathway differences between high- and low-risk groups. Nomogram and calibration curves for survival curve and clinical features were drawn to measure prognostic value of the model.Results: The prognosis model of LUAD was constructed based on seven immune-hypoxia related genes: S100P, S100A16, PGK1, TNFSF11, ARRB1, NCR3, and TSLP. Survival analysis revealed a poor prognosis in high-risk group. ssGSEA result suggested that activities of immune cells in high-risk group was remarkably lower than in low-risk group, and GSVA result showed that immune-related pathway was notably activated in low-risk group.Conclusion: Immune-hypoxia related genes were found to be prognostic biomarkers for LUAD patients, based on which a 7-immune-hypoxia related gene-signature was constructed. This model can assess immune status of LUAD patients, and provide clinical reference for individualized prognosis, treatment and follow-up of LUAD patients.
Impact of natural killer cells on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mushtaq Muhammad Umair , Shahzad Moazzam , Shah Amna Y. , Chaudhary Sibgha Gull , Zafar Muhammad U. , Anwar Iqra , Neupane Karun , Khalid Ayesha , Ahmed Nausheen , Bansal Rajat , Balusu Ramesh , Singh Anurag K. , Abhyankar Sunil H. , Callander Natalie S. , Hematti Peiman , McGuirk Joseph P. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in early immune reconstitution following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsA literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane, and Clinical trials.gov through April 20, 2022. We included 21 studies reporting data on the impact of NK cells on outcomes after HSCT. Data was extracted following the PRISMA guidelines. Pooled analysis was done using the meta-package (Schwarzer et al.). Proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed.ResultsWe included 1785 patients from 21 studies investigating the impact of NK cell reconstitution post-HSCT (8 studies/1455 patients), stem cell graft NK cell content (4 studies/185 patients), therapeutic NK cell infusions post-HSCT (5 studies/74 patients), and pre-emptive/prophylactic NK cell infusions post-HSCT (4 studies/77 patients). Higher NK cell reconstitution was associated with a better 2-year overall survival (OS) (high: 77%, 95%CI 0.73-0.82 vs low: 55%, 95%CI 0.37-0.72; n=899), however, pooled analysis for relapse rate (RR) or graft versus host disease (GVHD) could not be performed due to insufficient data. Higher graft NK cell content demonstrated a trend towards a better pooled OS (high: 65.2%, 95%CI 0.47-0.81 vs low: 46.5%, 95%CI 0.24-0.70; n=157), lower RR (high: 16.9%, 95%CI 0.10-0.25 vs low: 33%, 95%CI 0.04-0.72; n=157), and lower acute GVHD incidence (high: 27.6%, 95%CI 0.20-0.36 vs low: 49.7%, 95%CI 0.26-0.74; n=157). Therapeutic NK or cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell infusions for hematologic relapse post-HSCT reported an overall response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) of 48.9% and 11% with CIK cell infusions and 82.8% and 44.8% with NK cell infusions, respectively. RR, acute GVHD, and chronic GVHD were observed in 55.6% and 51.7%, 34.5% and 20%, and 20.7% and 11.1% of patients with CIK and NK cell infusions, respectively. Pre-emptive donor-derived NK cell infusions to prevent relapse post-HSCT had promising outcomes with 1-year OS of 69%, CR rate of 42%, ORR of 77%, RR of 28%, and acute and chronic GVHD rates of 24.9% and 3.7%, respectively.ConclusionNK cells have a favorable impact on outcomes after HSCT. The optimal use of NK cell infusions post-HSCT may be in a pre-emptive fashion to prevent disease relapse.