bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Less invasive surfactant administration via infant feeding tube versus InSurE method in preterm infants: a randomized control trial
Authors: Anand Rohit , Nangia Sushma , Kumar Gunjana , Mohan M. Vishnu , Dudeja Ajay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence that less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is a better alternative to the standard Intubate-surfactant-extubate (InSurE) procedure in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with RDS. The infant feeding tube is easily available and cost-effective in comparison to special catheters used for surfactant administration in various studies on LISA and cost-effective health care is the need of the hour for countries like ours which are Low and middle-income countries(LMICs).The present study was planned to compare the total duration of respiratory support in preterm babies between 26 to 34 weeks of gestation with RDS requiring surfactant therapy administered by LISA technique using an infant feeding tube or InSurE method. In this unblinded randomised controlled trial, 150 infants were allocated to LISA (n = 74) or InSurE group (n = 76). An 8F feeding tube was used for surfactant delivery in the LISA group. The primary outcome was the total duration of respiratory support required and secondary outcomes included the proportion of babies developing BPD, IVH, PDA, NEC, ROP, air leaks, CPAP failure, and those requiring a repeat dose of surfactant along with the duration of hospitalization, time to regain birth weight and Death. The baseline variables including birth weight and gestation age were similar in the two groups. Nearly 27% of the mothers did not receive any dose of antenatal steroids (ANS) while around 37% of the mothers received complete course of ANS. A high proportion of babies (57%) were delivered by cesarean section. Intrapharyngeal reflux was significantly more in babies who received surfactant with the LISA method in comparison to InSurE technique (32% v/s 3%, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome of the total duration of respiratory support in both groups with a median duration of 120 h, 95% CI (69–235), and p = 0.618. The need for invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly lower in the LISA group (p = 0.017) with RR (95% CI) 0.498 (0.259–0.958). The rate of CPAP failure was significantly lower in the LISA group (p = 0.005) with RR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.34–0.89). In this study, the total duration of hospital stay was reduced in the LISA group (19 days) compared to InSurE group (26 days), although the same was not statistically significant. LISA with an 8F feeding tube is feasible and an effective strategy for surfactant administration which resulted in a significant reduction in CPAP failure and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation.Trial registration: www.ctri.nic.in id CTRI/2020/05/025360. Trial was registered at CTRI on 26/05/2020. First case of trial was enrolled on 28/05/2020.
Enhancing photon generation rate with broadband room-temperature quantum memory
Authors: Zhang Chao-Ni , Pang Xiao-Ling , Dou Jian-Peng , Li Hang , Yang Tian-Huai , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotons with high generation rate is one of the essential resources for quantum communication, quantum computing and quantum metrology. Due to the naturally memory-built-in feature, the memory-based photon source is a promising route towards large-scale quantum information processing. However, such photon sources are mostly implemented in extremely low-temperature ensembles or isolated systems, limiting its physical scalability. Here we realize a single-photon source based on a far off-resonance Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller quantum memory at broadband and room-temperature regime. By harnessing high-speed feedback control and repeat-until-success write process, the photon generation rate obtains considerable enhancement up to tenfold. Such a memory-enhanced single-photon source, based on the broadband room-temperature quantum memory, suggests a promising way for establishing large-scale quantum memory-enabled network at ambient condition.
Functional evaluation of a novel kisspeptin analogue on the reproduction of female goldfish
Authors: Rabouti Hanieh , Asghari S. Mohsen , Sariri Reihaneh , Balalaie Saeed , Valipour AbdolMajid , Omidian Navid , Heidari Behrooz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKisspeptin (kp) is a key regulator of reproduction, which stimulates sexual maturation and gametogenesis in mammals, amphibians, and teleosts. In the present study, to enhance the biological activity of kp10, a novel analog (referred to as M-kp10) was designed based on the endogenous goldfish variant, in which phenylalanine 6 was substituted by tryptophan and the N-terminus was acetylated. Compared with the native kp-10 and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH3), the effect of M-kp10 on sexual hormones and reproductive indices as well as the expression ofkiss1,cyp19a1, andkiss1ragenes in goldfish (Carassius auratus) was investigated. In practice, peptides were synthesized based on the standard Fmoc-solid-phase peptide synthesis and purified by employing RP-HPLC, followed by approving their structure using ESI-MS. The results showed that M-kp10 increased significantly 17,20β-DHP, LH, FSH and E2 as well as fecundity, hatching and fertilization percentages than the other peptides. Histological studies revealed that M-kp10 led to the faster growth of ovarian follicles compared to the kp-10 and GnRH3. The genes ofcyp19a1,kiss1ra, andkiss1were remarkably more expressed after treatment with M-kp10. In conclusion, the results indicated the superiority of M-kp10 over kp-10 in inducing sexual maturation and accelerating the percentage of fecundity, suggesting that M-kp10 could be a promising candidate for application in the artificial breeding of fish.
Simultaneous loading of PCR-based multiple fragments on mouse artificial chromosome vectors in DT40 cell for gene delivery
Authors: Yamazaki Kyotaro , Matsuo Kyosuke , Okada Akane , Uno Narumi , Suzuki Teruhiko , Abe Satoshi , Hamamichi Shusei , Kishima Nanami , Togai Shota , Tomizuka Kazuma , Kazuki Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHomology-directed repair-mediated knock-in (HDR-KI) in combination with CRISPR-Cas9-mediated double strand break (DSB) leads to high frequency of site-specific HDR-KI. While this characteristic is advantageous for generating genetically modified cellular and animal models, HDR-KI efficiency in mammalian cells remains low. Since avian DT40 cells offer distinct advantage of high HDR-KI efficiency, we expanded this practicality to adapt to mammalian research through sequential insertion of target sequences into mouse/human artificial chromosome vector (MAC/HAC). Here, we developed the simultaneous insertion of multiple fragments by HDR method termed the simHDR wherein a target sequence and selection markers could be loaded onto MAC simultaneously. Additionally, preparing each HDR donor containing homology arm by PCR could bypass the cloning steps of target sequence and selection markers. To confirm the functionality of the loaded HDR donors, we constructed a MAC with human leukocyte antigen A (HLA-A) gene in the DT40 cells, and verified the expression of this genomic region by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Collectively, the simHDR offers a rapid and convenient approach to generate genetically modified models for investigating gene functions, as well as understanding disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
The fate of visual long term memories for images across weeks in adults and children
Authors: Goujon Annabelle , Mathy Fabien , Thorpe Simon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhat is the content and the format of visual memories in Long Term Memory (LTM)? Is it similar in adults and children? To address these issues, we investigated, in both adults and 9-year-old children, how visual LTM is affected over time and whether visual vs semantic features are affected differentially. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to hundreds of meaningless and meaningful images presented once or twice for either 120 ms or 1920 ms. Memory was assessed using a recognition task either immediately after learning or after a delay of three or six weeks. The results suggest that multiple and extended exposures are crucial for retaining an image for several weeks. Although a benefit was observed in the meaningful condition when memory was assessed immediately after learning, this benefit tended to disappear over weeks, especially when the images were presented twice for 1920 ms. This pattern was observed for both adults and children. Together, the results call into question the dominant models of LTM for images: although semantic information enhances the encoding & maintaining of images in LTM when assessed immediately, this seems not critical for LTM over weeks.
Attenuation law of concentrated stress under coal pillar of close coal seams and its application
Authors: Kang Qingtao , He Fulian , Yin Shuaifeng , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen mining the multiple coal seams in close proximity, the coal pillar left in the goaf causes stress concentration in the floor. The layout of mining roadway in lower short distance coal seam is affected by the propagation of concentrated stress caused by the upper coal pillar. To determine the reasonable distance of the roadway in the lower coal seam outside the coal pillar, the attenuation law of concentrated stress outside the coal pillar boundary has been studied through simulation model, theoretical analysis, and example analysis. The results show that the concentrated stress of coal pillar decreases with the distance from the coal pillar. At the coal pillar boundary position, the stress change rate reaches the maximum in the floor with different depths, and the stress decreases rapidly in the floor strata outside the coal pillar. Under the same stress condition, the roadway layout in strata at different depths is different. The joint formula of stress and stress change rate was deduced to determine the reasonable horizontal distance of roadway outside coal pillar. The results obtained by the numerical simulation fitting formula and the theoretical calculation formula are close to each other when calculating an engineering example. The roadway pressure appearance is not obvious in the experiment and physical simulation, which indicates that the theoretical formula can satisfy the requirement of engineering calculation. The method provides a reference for roadway location selection under similar conditions.
Preparatory attention to visual features primarily relies on non-sensory representation
Authors: Gong Mengyuan , Chen Yilin , Liu Taosheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrior knowledge of behaviorally relevant information promotes preparatory attention before the appearance of stimuli. A key question is how our brain represents the attended information during preparation. A sensory template hypothesis assumes that preparatory signals evoke neural activity patterns that resembled the perception of the attended stimuli, whereas a non-sensory, abstract template hypothesis assumes that preparatory signals reflect the abstraction of attended stimuli. To test these hypotheses, we used fMRI and multivariate analysis to characterize neural activity patterns when human participants were prepared to attend a feature and then select it from a compound stimulus. In an fMRI experiment using basic visual feature (motion direction), we observed reliable decoding of the to-be-attended feature from the preparatory activity in both visual and frontoparietal areas. However, while the neural patterns constructed by a single feature from a baseline task generalized to the activity patterns during stimulus selection, they could not generalize to the activity patterns during preparation. Our findings thus suggest that neural signals during attentional preparation are predominantly non-sensory in nature that may reflect an abstraction of the attended feature. Such a representation could provide efficient and stable guidance of attention.
A compartment-based myocardial density approach helps to solve the native T1 vs. ECV paradox in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Chamling Bishwas , Bietenbeck Michael , Drakos Stefanos , Korthals Dennis , Vehof Volker , Stalling Philipp , Meier Claudia , Yilmaz Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) plays an important clinical role for diagnosis and therapy monitoring of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Previous data suggested a lower native T1 value in spite of a higher LV mass and higher extracellular volume fraction (ECV) value in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) compared to light-chain amyloidosis (AL)—resulting in the still unsolved “native T1 vs. ECV paradox” in CA. The purpose of this study was to address this paradox. The present study comprised N = 90 patients with ATTRwt and N = 30 patients with AL who underwent multi-parametric CMR studies prior to any specific treatment. The CMR protocol comprised cine- and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE)-imaging as well as T2-mapping and pre-/post-contrast T1-mapping allowing to measure myocardial ECV. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF), left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) were significantly higher in ATTRwt in comparison to AL. Indexed ECV (ECVi) was also higher in ATTRwt (p = 0.041 for global and p = 0.001 for basal septal). In contrast, native T1- [1094 ms (1069–1127 ms) in ATTRwt vs. 1,122 ms (1076–1160 ms) in AL group, p = 0.040] and T2-values [57 ms (55–60 ms) vs. 60 ms (57–64 ms); p = 0.001] were higher in AL. Considering particularities in myocardial density, “total extracellular mass” (TECM) was substantially higher in ATTRwt whereas “total intracellular mass” (TICM) was rather similar between ATTRwt and AL. Consequently, the “ratio TICM/TECM” was lower in ATTRwt compared to AL (0.58 vs. 0.83; p = 0.007). Our data confirm the presence of a “native T1 vs. ECV paradox” with lower native T1 values in spite of higher myocardial mass and ECV in ATTRwt compared to AL. Importantly, this observation can be explained by particularities regarding myocardial density that result in a lower TICM/TECM “ratio” in case of ATTRwt compared to AL—since native T1 is determined by this ratio.
Functionalized graphene/polystyrene composite, green synthesis and characterization
Authors: Farouq Rania 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA composite of sulfonated waste polystyrene (SWPS) and graphene oxide was synthetized by an inverse coprecipitation in-situ compound technology. Polystyrene (PS) has a wide range of applications due to its high mechanical property. the graphene were incorporated into sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) to improve the thermal stability and mechanical performance of the composites. Functionalized graphene were synthesized with tour method by using recovered anode (graphite) of dry batteries while sulfonated waste expanded polystyrene was obtained through sulfonation of the polymer. The SPS and GO + SPS composite were characterized using by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). While the degree of sulfonation (DS) was determined through elemental analysis. The results show the degree of sulfonation of the composite is 23.5% and its ion exchange capacity is 1.2 meq g−1. TEM analysis revealed that the GO particles were loaded on the surface of sulphonated polystyrene and that the SWPS was intercalated into the sub-layers of nanoG homogeneously, which result in an increase in electrical conduction.
Potential benefits of using radioactive ion beams for range margin reduction in carbon ion therapy
Authors: Sokol Olga , Cella Laura , Boscolo Daria , Horst Felix , Oliviero Caterina , Pacelli Roberto , Palma Giuseppe , De Simoni Micol , Conson Manuel , Caroprese Mara , Weber Ulrich , Graeff Christian , Parodi Katia , Durante Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSharp dose gradients and high biological effectiveness make ions such as 12C an ideal tool to treat deep-seated tumors, however, at the same time, sensitive to errors in the range prediction. Tumor safety margins mitigate these uncertainties, but during the irradiation they lead to unavoidable damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. To fully exploit the Bragg peak benefits, a large effort is put into establishing precise range verification methods. Despite positron emission tomography being widely in use for this purpose in 12C therapy, the low count rates, biological washout, and broad activity distribution still limit its precision. Instead, radioactive beams used directly for treatment would yield an improved signal and a closer match with the dose fall-off, potentially enabling precise in vivo beam range monitoring. We have performed a treatment planning study to estimate the possible impact of the reduced range uncertainties, enabled by radioactive 11C ions treatments, on sparing critical organs in tumor proximity. Compared to 12C treatments, (i) annihilation maps for 11C ions can reflect sub- millimeter shifts in dose distributions in the patient, (ii) outcomes of treatment planning with 11C significantly improve and (iii) less severe toxicities for serial and parallel critical organs can be expected.
Theoretical analysis and simulation calculation of hydrodynamic pressure pulsation effect and flow induced vibration response of radial gate structure
Authors: Zhang Bozhi , Jing Xiaochuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work aims to explore the characteristics of stochastic fluctuant water pressure acted on the surface of large radial gate, and to investigate the flow-induced vibration response of the whole radial gate structure. The finite element calculation model structure of the radial gate is established by taking a large-scale radial gate as prototype to discuss the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the gate leaf with different opening, analyze the dynamic pressure time curves, and achieve the flow-induced vibration response by deeming hydrodynamic pressure as dynamic load. When taking 10% opening of the radial gate, the results indicate that the hydrodynamic pressure distributed on the arc surface of the radial gate changes with the flow conditions, with the maximum pressure occurred at the center of the lower edge of the gate leaf. One point in the time history curve of fluctuating water pressure can be taken as the dynamic load for the flow-induced vibration analysis. The flow-induced vibration responses at the monitoring point of the radial gate structure show periodic changes in the X, Y, and Z directions. The finite element simulation results agree well with the theoretical calculation results, so reference can be provided for the hydrodynamic pressure testing and the flow-induced vibration response calculations.
Detection of acute thoracic aortic dissection based on plain chest radiography and a residual neural network (Resnet)
Authors: Lee Dong Keon , Kim Jin Hyuk , Oh Jaehoon , Kim Tae Hyun , Yoon Myeong Seong , Im Dong Jin , Chung Jae Ho , Byun Hayoung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcute thoracic aortic dissection is a life-threatening disease, in which blood leaking from the damaged inner layer of the aorta causes dissection between the intimal and adventitial layers. The diagnosis of this disease is challenging. Chest x-rays are usually performed for initial screening or diagnosis, but the diagnostic accuracy of this method is not high. Recently, deep learning has been successfully applied in multiple medical image analysis tasks. In this paper, we attempt to increase the accuracy of diagnosis of acute thoracic aortic dissection based on chest x-rays by applying deep learning techniques. In aggregate, 3,331 images, comprising 716 positive images and 2615 negative images, were collected from 3,331 patients. Residual neural network 18 was used to detect acute thoracic aortic dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of the ResNet18 was observed to be 90.20% with a precision of 75.00%, recall of 94.44%, and F1-score of 83.61%. Further research is required to improve diagnostic accuracy based on aorta segmentation.
A chromosome-level genome assembly reveals genomic characteristics of the American mink (Neogale vison)
Authors: Karimi Karim , Do Duy Ngoc , Wang Jingy , Easley John , Borzouie Shima , Sargolzaei Mehdi , Plastow Graham , Wang Zhiquan , Miar Younes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAvailability of a contiguous chromosome-level genome assembly is the foundational step to develop genome-based studies in American mink (Neogale vison). The main objective of this study was to provide a high quality chromosome-level genome assembly for American mink. An initial draft of the genome assembly was generated using 2,884,047 PacBio long reads. Integration of Hi-C data into the initial draft led to an assembly with 183 scaffolds and scaffold N50 of 220 Mb. This gap-free genome assembly of American mink (ASM_NN_V1) had a length of 2.68 Gb in which about 98.6% of the whole genome was covered by 15 chromosomes. In total, 25,377 genes were predicted across the American mink genome using the NCBI Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline. In addition, gene orthology, demographic history, synteny blocks, and phylogenetic relationships were studied in connection with the genomes of other related Carnivora. Furthermore, population-based statistics of 100 sequenced mink were presented using the newly assembled genome. Remarkable improvements were observed in genome contiguity, the number of scaffolds, and annotation compared to the first draft of mink genome assembly (NNQGG.v01). This high-quality genome assembly will support the development of efficient breeding strategies as well as conservation programs for American mink.
Machine learning for flow-informed aerodynamic control in turbulent wind conditions
Authors: Renn Peter I. , Gharib Morteza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractControl of aerodynamic forces in gusty, turbulent conditions is critical for the safety and performance of technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wind turbines. The presence and severity of extreme flow conditions are difficult to predict, and explicit modeling of fluid dynamics for control is not feasible in real time. Model-free reinforcement learning methods present an end-to-end control solution for nonlinear systems as they require no prior knowledge, can easily integrate different types of measurements, and can adapt to varying conditions through interaction. Here, we show that reinforcement learning methods can achieve effective aerodynamic control in a highly turbulent environment. Algorithms are trained with different neural network structures, and we find that reinforcement learning agents with recurrent neural networks can effectively learn the nonlinear dynamics involved in turbulent flows and strongly outperform conventional linear control techniques. We also find that augmenting state observations with measurements from a set of bioinspired flow sensors can improve learning stability and control performance in aerodynamic systems. These results can serve to inform future gust mitigation systems for unmanned aerial vehicles and wind turbines, enabling operation in previously prohibitively dangerous conditions.
Frequency‐dependent finite‐difference time‐domain method based on iterated Crank–Nicolson scheme
Authors: Shibayama Jun , Kawahara Akira , Yamauchi Junji , Nakano Hisamatsu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method based on the iterated Crank–Nicolson (ICN) scheme is extended to a frequency‐dependent version. The Drude model is used to express a metal dispersion, which is incorporated into the iterated Crank–Nicolson formulation with the trapezoidal recursive convolution technique. The validity of the present finite‐difference time‐domain method with convolutional perfectly matched layers is discussed through the analysis of a metal‐insulator‐metal plasmonic waveguide. Numerical results obtained from a two‐iteration technique are found to agree well with those from the traditional explicit finite‐difference time‐domain method.