bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does antimicrobial use during pregnancy impact excess weight in early childhood? Findings from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Bertoldi Andréa , Flores Thaynã , Silveira Marysabel , Emmerick Isabel , Boing Alexandra , Silveira Mariângela , Mielke Gregore 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to antimicrobials might be associated with obesity during childhood.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of antimicrobials during pregnancy and excess weight in children at ages three, 12, 24 and 48 months.Methods:Data of participants from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort study were analyzed (N=4,275). The use of antimicrobials during pregnancy was assessed using standardized questionnaires and excess weight was defined as BMI for age in z-score ≥ 1.Results:Over 43% of women used at least one antimicrobial during pregnancy. The proportion of children with excess weight increased from 17.6% (95%CI 16.5; 18.8) at age 3mo to 43.8% (95%CI 42.2; 45.4) at age 48mo. Overall, most associations investigated between the use of antimicrobials during pregnancy and excess weight in children were null. The use of antimicrobials during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with lower BMI-for-age at three months. On average, children whose mothers used antimicrobials in one trimester of pregnancy had a BMI-for-age at 12mo 0.11 z-score (95%CI 0.01; 0.20) higher than those from mothers who did not use antimicrobials. An increased risk in excess weight at 48mo [RR= 1.13 (95%CI 1.04; 1.23)] was observed among children whose mothers’ used antimicrobials in the first trimester of pregnancy.Conclusion:Given that most of the associations investigated had either null results or a small magnitude of association, this study does not support previous findings that the use of antimicrobial during pregnancy impacts excess weight in early childhood.
Left atrial strain imaging and integrated backscatter: predictors of recurrence in patients with paroxysmal, persistent, and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation
Authors: Brás Pedro Garcia , Cunha Pedro Silva , Timóteo Ana Teresa , Portugal Guilherme , Galrinho Ana , Laranjo Sérgio , Cruz Madalena Coutinho , Valente Bruno , Rio Pedro , Delgado Ana Sofia , Paulo Margarida , Brás Manuel , Ferreira Rui Cruz , Oliveira Mário Martins , Branco Luísa Moura 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Impaired left atrial (LA) strain by two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking (STE) is a known predictor of arrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to compare LA strain and integrated backscatter (IBS) between paroxysmal, persistent, and long-standing persistent AF and evaluate its association with AF recurrence post-index CA.
Methods
Analysis of consecutive patients with symptomatic paroxysmal and persistent AF who underwent CA and had performed an echocardiogram in our center prior to CA. LA phasic strain, strain rate and IBS were assessed by 2D STE at baseline.
Results
We analyzed 78 patients, 31% with persistent AF (46% long-standing AF), 65% male, mean age 59 ± 14 years, who underwent pulmonary vein isolation and were followed-up for 12 months. AF recurrence occurred in 22 (28%) patients. LA phasic strain parameters were significantly impaired in patients with AF recurrence compared to those without recurrence and were shown to be independent predictors of AF recurrence in a multivariable analysis. LA reservoir strain < 18% predicted AF recurrence with 86% sensitivity and 70% specificity, confirmed in a Kaplan-Meier analysis, with a higher predictive power compared to LA volume index (LAVI). IBS was not associated with AF recurrence. However, patients with paroxysmal AF who experienced AF recurrence showed a significantly higher IBS.
Conclusion
LA phasic strain parameters were predictors of AF recurrence after CA, independently of LAVI. LA reservoir strain < 18% showed a higher predictive power for AF recurrence compared to LAVI. IBS was not associated with AF recurrence.
Association of the Pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Tao , Guo Yusheng , Sun Bo , Chen Lei , Ren Yanqiao , Zhu Licheng , Zhang Lijie , Liu Yiming , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate whether the pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is associated with outcomes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients under ICI.
Methods
A two-center retrospective study of patients with HCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between January 2018 and January 2021 was performed. The patients were stratified into three groups (good LIPI, intermediate LIPI, and poor LIPI) according to pretreatment LIPI based on dNLR (neutrophil count/ [white blood cell count - neutrophil count]) greater than 3 and LDH greater than LDH normal value. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The second endpoints were disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR).
Results
In the pooled cohort (n=224), 80 (35.7%) had a good LIPI (zero factor), 91 (40.6%) had intermediate LIPI (one factor), and 53 (23.7%) had poor LIPI (two factors). The median follow-up was 25.1 months. Median OS was 16.8 months, 12.5 months, and 9.5 months for the good, intermediate, and poor LIPI groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Median PFS was 11.8 months, 7.8 months, and 4.0 months for the good, intermediate, and poor LIPI groups, respectively (P<0.0001) The intermediate LIPI and poor LIPI were independently associated with shorter OS, PFS，and lower ORR, DCR (P＜0.05).
Conclusion
Pretreatment LIPI was correlated with worse outcomes for ICIs suggesting that LIPI could be promising biomarker for advanced HCC patients under ICIs.
Socioeconomic and Gender Effects of Climate Change and its Adaptation Strategies in Different Agro-ecologies of Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Addis Endalew , Haile Hirut Bekele , Bekele Mulugeta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examined socio-economic and gender effects of climate change and its adaptation strategies in lowland, midland and highland agro-ecologies of Sidama Region in Ethiopia. A mixed research approach with secondary data analysis, key informant interview, focus group discussion, field observations and survey research is employed to collect data. A total of 700 households selected randomly and proportionately after stratifying households by wealth ranking into poor, medium and model farmers in each kebele. Subsequently, qualitative information is analyzed using thematic and content analysis whereas quantitative data is analyzed using descriptive statistics by STATA Software. Secondary data is also analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. The results showed that there is climate change and it has effects on livelihood, food, water, and energy securities. Accordingly, climate change affects all livelihood capitals, and it causes both transient and chronic food insecurity in the study areas. Moreover, there is gender differentiated vulnerability since livelihood assets are still under the control of males. Furthermore, in intra-household analysis women differently affected by food, water and energy insecurities since they are expected to fulfil food, water and energy demands of the household. To address these effects, soil and water conservation, changing crop varieties, intercropping, changing planting date, water harvesting, irrigation, livestock diversification, livelihood diversification, and migration are practiced as adaptation strategies. Thus there should be appropriate and gender sensitive policies, local institutions, and public participation to minimize the socio-economic and gender effects of climate change and optimize the practice and efficiency of adaptation strategies.
Excess filaggrin in keratinocytes is removed by extracellular vesicles to prevent premature death and this mechanism can be hijacked by Staphylococcus aureus in a TLR2-dependent fashion
Authors: Hovhannisyan Lilit , Kobiela Adrian , Serna Jorge Bernardino de la , Bogucka Aleksandra , Deptula Milena , Paul Argho , Panek Kinga , Czechowska Ewa , Rychlowski Michal , Krolicka Aleksandra , Zielinski Jacek , Gabrielsson Susanne , Pikula Michal , Trzeciak Magdalena , Ogg Graham , Gutowska-Owsiak Danuta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Filaggrin (FLG) protein is indispensable for multiple aspects of the epidermal barrier function but its accumulation in a monomeric filaggrin form may initiate premature keratinocytes death; it is unclear how filaggrin levels are controlled before the formation of storing keratohyalin granules. Here we show that keratinocyte-secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may contain filaggrin-related cargo providing a route of eliminating excess filaggrin from keratinocytes. Filaggrin-containing sEVs are found in plasma in both healthy individuals and atopic dermatitis patients. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enhances packaging and secretion of filaggrin-relevant products within the sEVs for enhanced export via a TLR2-mediated mechanism which is also linked to the ubiquitination process. This filaggrin removal system, preventing premature keratinocyte death and epidermal barrier dysfunction, is exploited by S. aureus which promotes filaggrin elimination from the skin that could help safeguard bacterial growth.
Design of State Feedback LQR Based Dual Mode Fractional Order PID Controller Using Inertia Weighted PSO Algorithm with Reference Model: For Control of an Underactuated System With and Without Disturbance
Authors: R Rajesh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several control strategies are proposed and developed to improve the performance of the different underactuated systems, particularly inverted pendulum. This paper proposes the dual-mode fractional order control with a reference model for pitch and angle control of an inverted pendulum system. Inertia weighted particle swarm optimization is employed to the tuning of FOPID controller which ensures an optimal balance between local and global search. The optimal parameters of the FOPID controller are obtained by minimizing the error between the reference output and plant output which improves the steady-state tracking error also. An optimal state feedback LQR control is implemented using pole placement design in the feedback to stabilize and improve the robustness of the inverted pendulum. Extensive simulation and comparisons of the proposed structure show that the designed FOPID controller structure has an excellent performance in with and without disturbance conditions compared to the PID controller.
Atoms in Gaseous and Solid States and their Energy and Force Relationships under Transitional Behaviors
Authors: Ali Mubarak 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By recalling the conventional studies of atoms, it is possible to discover new insights tackling the present and future challenges. Atoms of different elements form by electrons and energy knots. Atoms in elements recognize based on their electrons. The intercrossing of the photons to construct the lattice of each element atom varies. The lengths and numbers of the intercrossed photons depend on the filled and unfilled states an atom possesses for its element. The intercrossing overt photons in a gaseous atom lattice are different than in the solid atom lattice. Except for the hydrogen atom, the atoms possess the same valency as specified. In the hydrogen atom, two energy knots occupy two electrons. In the helium atom, four energy knots occupy four electrons. A helium atom forms a zeroth ring in atoms of all higher-order elements. The study of protons and neutrons is no longer significant. Electrons of a gaseous atom deal with the minimum required potential energy, whereas the maximum is in a solid atom. Electrons in a gaseous atom experience the maximum required levitational force along the north pole. However, electrons experience the maximum required gravitational force along the south pole in a solid atom. In the transition state, electrons undertake infinitesimal displacements by remaining within the occupied energy knots. But electrons keep a different orientation for the gaseous atom and solid atom. The investigations discussed here explore the atomic structure differently from the earlier ones.
Rapid Accumulation of Cadmium and Antioxidative Response in Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Buzduga Inna M. , Salamon Ivan , Volkov Roman A. , Pаnchuk Irina I. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. Plant damage caused by oxidative stress during long-term Cd accumulation is well documented, while the primary response to Cd uptake is poorly understood.

Objective:
We assess the short-term injury and the primary reaction of the antioxidant system to the rapid accumulation of Cd in tobacco leaves.

Methods:
Leaf rosettes of the 5-week-old plants without roots were exposed to 100, 500 and 5000 μM Cd chloride for 2 and 12 hours. Cd accumulation, oxidation levels of proteins and lipids, content of reduced (Asc) and oxidized (DHA) ascorbate and activity of CAT, APX and POD were determined.

Results:
An accumulation of Cd in high concentration, but only a relatively small increase in the oxidation of proteins and lipids was found in the leaves after 2 hours of treatment. These effects were transient and disappeared after 12 hours. No visible damage to plants was observed. After 12 hours, the total ascorbate content (Asc + DHA) decreased by 18%, remained unchanged or increased by 85% after the application of 100, 500 and 5000 µM Cd chloride. The increase in the ascorbate pool, which should be considered as a component of the protective response, was caused by the accumulation of DHA. The activity of APX and POD remained unchanged, while that of CAT decreased, indicating that antioxidant enzymes activation is not involved in the primary response to Cd.

Conclusions:
The primary generation of ROS induced by Cd does not appear to be a deleterious manifestation of Cd toxicity, but rather a component of stress signaling that causes activation of the protective response. Uptake of Cd caused severe damage to the plant after long-term, but not after short-term treatment, suggesting that the damage is the result of secondary effects of Cd toxicity.
Electronic Co-design (ECO-design) Workshop for Increasing Clinician Participation in the Design of Health Services Interventions: Participatory Design Approach
Authors: Savoy April , Patel Himalaya , Shahid Umber , Offner Alexis D , Singh Hardeep , Giardina Traber D , Meyer Ashley N D 
Published: September 2022

Background
Participation from clinician stakeholders can improve the design and implementation of health care interventions. Participatory design methods, especially co-design methods, comprise stakeholder-led design activities that are time-consuming. Competing work demands and increasing workloads make clinicians’ commitments to typical participatory methods even harder. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated barriers to clinician participation in such interventions.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore a web-based participatory design approach to conduct economical, electronic co-design (ECO-design) workshops with primary care clinicians.

Methods
We adapted traditional in-person co-design workshops to web-based delivery and adapted co-design workshop series to fit within a single 1-hour session. We applied the ECO-design workshop approach to codevelop feedback interventions regarding abnormal test result follow-up in primary care. We conducted ECO-design workshops with primary care clinicians at a medical center in Southern Texas, using videoconferencing software. Each workshop focused on one of three types of feedback interventions: conversation guide, email template, and dashboard prototype. We paired electronic materials and software features to facilitate participant interactions, prototyping, and data collection. The workshop protocol included four main activities: problem identification, solution generation, prototyping, and debriefing. Two facilitators were assigned to each workshop and one researcher resolved technical problems. After the workshops, our research team met to debrief and evaluate workshops.

Results
A total of 28 primary care clinicians participated in our ECO-design workshops. We completed 4 parallel workshops, each with 5-10 participants. We conducted traditional analyses and generated a clinician persona (ie, representative description) and user interface prototypes. We also formulated recommendations for future ECO-design workshop recruitment, technology, facilitation, and data collection. Overall, our adapted workshops successfully enabled primary care clinicians to participate without increasing their workload, even during a pandemic.

Conclusions
ECO-design workshops are viable, economical alternatives to traditional approaches. This approach fills a need for efficient methods to involve busy clinicians in the design of health care interventions.
Building LABDRIVE, a Petabyte Scale, OAIS/ISO 16363 Conformant, Environmentally Sustainable Archive, Tested by Large Scientific Organisations to Preserve their Raw and Processed Data, Software and Documents
Authors: Giaretta David Leslie , Redondo Teo 
Published: September 2022

Vast amounts of scientific, cultural, social, business and government, and other, information is being created every day. There are billions of objects, in a multitude of formats, semantics and associated software. Much, perhaps the majority, of this information is transitory but there is still an immense amount which should be preserved for the medium and long term â€“ perhaps even indefinitely.
Preservation requires that the information continues to be usable, not simply to be printed or displayed. Of course, the digital objects (the bits) must be preserved, as must the â€œmetadataâ€ which enables the bits to the understood which includes the software.
Before LABDRIVE no system could adequately preserve such information, especially in such gigantic volume and variety.
In this paper we describe the development of LABDRIVE and its ability to preserve tens or hundreds of petabytes in a way which is conformant to the OAIS Reference Model and capable of being ISO 16363 certified.
Urinary Zinc and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Evidence from the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Galvez-Fernandez Marta , Powers Martha , Grau-Perez Maria , Domingo-Relloso Arce , Lolacono Nancy , Goessler Walter , Zhang Ying , Fretts Amanda , Umans Jason G , Maruthur Nisa , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: September 2022

<p> </p>
<p>Objective: Hyperglycemia can increase urinary zinc excretion. We evaluated the association of higher urinary zinc with newly diagnosis of incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM incidence) in adult populations with a high burden of T2DM from Arizona, Oklahoma, North Dakota and South Dakota. We also assessed the cross-sectional association of urinary zinc levels with prevalent prediabetes.</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods:</strong> We included 1,339 adults free of T2DM at baseline (1989-1991) followed through 1998-1999 in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) and in 1,905 family members of SHS participants followed as part of the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) through 2006-2009. </p>
<p><strong>Results</strong>: T2DM incidence was 14.7% (mean follow-up 6.6 years) in the SHS and 13.5% (mean follow-up 5.6 years) in the SHFS. After adjustment for sex, site, education, smoking status, BMI and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the hazard ratio (95%CI) of T2DM comparing 75th vs. 25th percentiles of urinary zinc distribution was 1.21 (1.08, 1.36) in the SHS and 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) in the SHFS. These associations were attenuated but significant in the SHS after adjustment for HOMA-IR score. Excluding participants with prediabetes at baseline, urinary zinc remained significantly associated with T2DM in the SHS. In cross-sectional analyses, prediabetes was associated with higher urinary zinc levels. </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Urinary zinc levels were associated with T2DM incidence and prediabetes prevalence even after adjustment for HOMA-IR in populations with a high burden of T2DM. These results highlight the importance of zinc metabolism in diabetes development. </p>
Wear and Color Stability of Preheated Bulk-fill and Conventional Resin Composites
Authors: Abdulmajeed AA , Suliman AA , Selivany BJ , Altitinchi A , Sulaiman TA 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY

Objectives
Bulk-fill resin composite is commonly used in direct restorations. It is recommended that the high-viscosity version of these materials be preheated to improve flowability and adaptability. It is unknown what effects preheating (PH) might have on the wear resistance and color stability of these resin composites. This study compared the wear and color stability of high-viscosity bulk-fill and conventional resin composites with and without PH, using the CIEDE2000 formula.

Methods and Materials
Thirty-two disc-shaped specimens (n=16, 10×3 mm) were prepared with Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative (FOBFR; 3M ESPE) and Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU, 3M ESPE) to determine wear. Each group was divided into subgroups based on preparation conditions, that is, PH and room temperature (RT) (n=8). Thermomechanical fatigue was applied to specimens, and volumetric material loss was calculated using a laser scanner (LAS-20, SD Mechatronik, Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany) and three-dimensional imaging software (Geomagic, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA). An additional 124 disc-shaped specimens (n=64, 10×1 mm) were prepared with FOBFR and FSU, and subgroups were formed based on preparation conditions (PH and RT, n=32). Specimens were aged for 14 days in coffee, grape juice, distilled water, and thermocycling (20,000 cycles, 5°C–55°C). To determine color change, the lightness (L), chroma (C), and hue (H) values were measured at baseline and after 14 days using the CIEDE2000 formula. All data were statistically analyzed, and a 95% significance level was set.

Results
In both the PH and RT groups, FSU exhibited greater wear than FOBFR (p&lt;0.05). Both materials were subjected to increased wear as a result of PH. After aging, a significant difference in color change was observed (p&lt;0.05) when controlling for time and resin composite type, except for deionized water and thermocycling (p&gt;0.05). PH had no effect on the color stability of the resin composite at any time (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
The high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite displayed superior wear resistance and similar color stability compared with its conventional counterpart. PH resin composite may increase its susceptibility to wear and has no effect on its color stability.