bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-protein arginine deiminase antibodies are distinctly associated with joint and lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Palterer Boaz , Vitiello Gianfranco , Del Carria Marco , D’Onofrio Bernardo , Martinez-Prat Laura , Mahler Michael , Cammelli Daniele , Parronchi Paola 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
RA is a chronic inflammatory disease in which possible interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an extra-articular manifestation that carries significant morbidity and mortality. RF and ACPA are included in the RA classification criteria but prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for disease endotyping and RA-ILD are lacking. Anti-protein arginine deiminase antibodies (anti-PAD) are a novel class of autoantibodies identified in RA. This study aimed to assess clinical features, ACPA and anti-PAD antibodies in RA patients with articular involvement and ILD.

Methods
We retrospectively collected joint erosions, space narrowing, clinical features and lung involvement of a cohort of 71 patients fulfilling the 2010 ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria. Serum samples from these patients were tested for ACPA IgG (QUANTA Flash CCP3), and anti-PAD3 and anti-PAD4 IgG, measured with novel assays based on a particle-based multi-analyte technology (PMAT).

Results
Anti-PAD4 antibodies were significantly associated with radiographic injury (P = 0.027) and erosions (P = 0.02). Similarly, ACPA levels were associated with erosive disease (P = 0.014). Anti-PAD3/4 double-positive patients displayed more joint erosions than patients with anti-PAD4 antibodies only or negative for both (P = 0.014 and P = 0.037, respectively). RA-ILD (15.5%, 11/71 patients) was associated with older age (P &lt; 0.001), shorter disease duration (P = 0.045) and less erosive disease (P = 0.0063). ACPA were elevated in RA-ILD, while anti-PAD4 were negatively associated (P = 0.043).

Conclusion
Anti-PAD4 and anti-PAD3 antibodies identify RA patients with higher radiographic injury and bone erosions. In our cohort, ILD is associated with lower radiographic and erosive damage, as well as low levels of anti-PAD4 antibodies.
MEASUREMENT OF ENTRANCE SKIN DOSE AND ABSORBED DOSE TO DIFFERENT ORGANS IN DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY SCANS USING THERMOLUMINESCENCE DOSIMETRY
Authors: Rezazadeh Fatemeh , Negarestani Ali , Sina Sedigheh , Farajzadeh Ebrahim , Karari Behnaz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThermoluminescence dosimetry is considered as an effective method in estimating the absorbed doses to organs in different imaging modalities. The present study focuses on dosimetry in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, for patients, and phantoms in various imaging centres. The cubical LiF (Mg, Ti) thermoluminescence dosemeters were inserted inside the holes of the Rando phantom slabs, to measure the absorbed dose to different organs in the whole body and lumbar scans. According to the results the maximum entrance skin dose was found to be 202.06 μGy for Hologic discovery W, which uses the fan beam scanning mode. The Norland XR-800 device took the scans with a much lower dose, as it uses the pencil beam for scanning the patients. The results of the study show that the radiation beam type, patient thickness, imaging technique and scan time may affect the radiation dose received by patient.
Childhood Trauma As a Mediator of the Association Between Autistic Traits and Psychotic Experiences: Evidence From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Cohort
Authors: Dardani Christina , Schalbroeck Rik , Madley-Dowd Paul , Jones Hannah J , Strelchuk Daniela , Hammerton Gemma , Croft Jazz , Sullivan Sarah A , Zammit Stan , Selten Jean-Paul , Rai Dheeraj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known on whether associations between childhood autistic traits and psychotic experiences persist into adulthood and whether genetic confounding and childhood trauma influence them. Here we investigate the associations between childhood autistic traits and psychotic experiences until young adulthood and assess the influence of schizophrenia polygenic risk and childhood traumatic experiences, using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) population-based birth cohort.Study designWe used a measure of broad autistic traits (autism factor mean score), and four dichotomised measures of autistic traits capturing social communication difficulties (age 7), repetitive behaviours (age 5), sociability (age 3), and pragmatic language (age 9). Psychotic experiences were assessed at ages 18 and 24 using the semi-structured Psychosis-Like Symptoms interview (PLIKSi). Traumatic experiences between ages 5 and 11 were assessed with questionnaires and interviews administered to children and parents at multiple ages.Study resultsBroad autistic traits, as well as social communication difficulties, were associated with psychotic experiences that were distressing and/or frequent until age 24 (autism factor mean score, n = 3707: OR 1.19, 95%CI 1.01–1.39; social communication difficulties, n = 3384: OR 1.54, 95%CI 0.97–2.45). Childhood trauma mediated a substantial proportion of the identified associations (~28% and 36% respectively, maximum n = 3577). Schizophrenia polygenic risk did not appear to confound the associations. Multiple imputation analyses (maximum n = 13 105) yielded comparable results.ConclusionsChildhood trauma may be an important, potentially modifiable pathway between autistic features and later onset of psychotic psychopathology.
Age-related changes in fast spindle clustering during non-rapid eye movement sleep and their relevance for memory consolidation
Authors: Champetier Pierre , André Claire , Weber Frederik D , Rehel Stéphane , Ourry Valentin , Laniepce Alice , Lutz Antoine , Bertran Françoise , Cabé Nicolas , Pitel Anne-Lise , Poisnel Géraldine , de la Sayette Vincent , Vivien Denis , Chételat Gaël , Rauchs Géraldine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation. Recent data in rodents and young adults revealed that fast spindle band power fluctuates at a 0.02-Hz infraslow scale during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. These fluctuations result from a periodic temporal clustering of spindles and may modulate sleep maintenance and memory consolidation. With age, sleep undergoes substantial changes but age-related changes in spindle clustering have never been investigated. Polysomnography data were collected in 147 older (mean age ± SD: 69.3 ± 4.1 years) and 32 young-middle aged (34.5 ± 10.9 years) adults. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation was assessed in a subsample of 57 older adults using a visuospatial memory task. We analyzed power fluctuations in fast spindle frequency band, detected fast spindles, and quantified their clustering during the night separating encoding and retrieval. Fast spindle band power fluctuated at a 0.02-Hz infraslow scale in young-middle aged and older adults. However, the proportion of clustered fast spindles decreased non-linearly with age (p &lt; .001). This effect was not mediated by NREM sleep fragmentation. The clustering level of fast spindles modulated their characteristics (p &lt; .001). Finally, the mean size of spindle clusters was positively associated with memory consolidation (p = .036) and negatively with NREM sleep micro-arousal density (p = .033). These results suggest that clusters of fast spindles may constitute stable sleep periods promoting off-line processes such as memory consolidation. We emphasize the relevance of considering spindle dynamics, obviously impaired during aging, to understand the impact of age-related sleep changes on memory.
Clinical Trial Information: Name: Study in Cognitively Intact Seniors Aiming to Assess the Effects of Meditation Training (Age-Well). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02977819?term=Age-Well&draw=2&rank=1. See STROBE_statement_AGEWELL.doc in supplementary material. Registration: EudraCT: 2016-002441-36; IDRCB: 2016-A01767-44; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02977819.
The dynamics of emotional behaviors in rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Masset Luc , Nigam Milan , Ladarre Anne , Vidailhet Marie , Leu-Semenescu Smaranda , Fossati Philippe , Arnulf Isabelle , Maranci Jean-Baptiste 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Dream’s emotions could exert a major role in desensitizing negative emotions. Studying emotional dynamics (how emotions fluctuate across time) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep could provide some insight into this function. However, studies so far have been limited to dream reports. To bypass this limit, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), in which participants enact their dreams, enables direct access to overt emotional dream behaviors (such as facial expressions and speeches). In total, 17 participants with RBD, and 39.7 h of REM sleep video were analyzed. The frequency of emotional behaviors did not differ between REM sleep episodes of early and late night. Within individual REM sleep episodes, emotional behaviors exhibited a biphasic temporal course, including an increased frequency for the first 10 min, followed by a progressive decrease. The negative emotional behaviors occurred earlier (mean time: 11.3 ± 10 min) than positive (14.4 ± 10.7 min) and neutral behaviors (16.4 ± 11.8 min). Emotional behaviors of opposing (negative and positive) valences were observed in 31% (N = 14) of episodes containing at least one emotional behavior, and were separated by a median time of 4.2 [1.1–10.9] min. The biphasic temporal course of behaviors in REM sleep could include the generation reactivation of emotional content during the ascending phase, followed by processing and extinction during the descending phase. The earlier occurrence time of negative emotional behavior suggests that negative emotions may need to be processed first. The rapid succession of emotions of opposite valence could prevent prolonged periods of negative emotions and eventually nightmares.
Translating pediatric primary care best practice guidelines for addressing tobacco in the WIC system
Authors: Schuler Brittany R , Collins Bradley N , Scheuermann Taneisha S , Baishya Mona , Kilby Linda , Lepore Stephen J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTobacco smoke exposure (TSE) adversely affects child health. Intervention research on reducing childhood TSE and uptake of evidence-based smoking cessation programs has had limited reach in high-risk communities. Intervening in clinics delivering the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) could address overlapping public health priorities essential for healthy child development—nutrition and smoke-free environments. The Babies Living Safe and Smokefree (BLiSS) trial addresses existing gaps by implementing and evaluating a WIC in-clinic evidence-based training based on Ask, Advise, and Refer (AAR) guidelines. WIC nutrition staff (n = 67) completed surveys pre- and post-training as part of the larger BLiSS trial. Staff sociodemographic data, knowledge, and attitudes about maternal smoking and child TSE prevention, and AAR practices in clinic were collected using self-administered surveys. Pre–post outcomes were assessed using bivariate statistics and multiple regression models. Controlling for baseline AAR-related practices and other covariates, nutrition managers were more likely to engage in post-training AAR practices than nutrition assistants. Sociodemographics and smoking status were not related to post-training AAR. Lower perceived barriers and higher reported frequency of tobacco intervention practices at baseline were associated with higher engagement in post-test AAR practices. WIC-system interventions aimed at reducing child TSE and maternal tobacco smoking may be more effective if nutrition management-level staff are involved in assessment and by addressing barriers related to TSE among nutrition assistants. Findings suggest that WIC in-clinic training may help to increase self-efficacy for staff engagement in brief screening, intervention, and referral practices.
Novel insights in classic versus relative glomerular hyperfiltration and implications on pharmacotherapy
Authors: Bielopolski Dana , Streja Elani , Steinmetz Tali , Rozen-Zvi Benaya , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessment and its estimation (eGFR) is a long-lasting challenge in medicine and public health. Current eGFR formulae are indexed for standardized body surface area (BSA) of 1.73 m2, ignoring persons and populations wherein the ratio of BSA or metabolic rate to nephron number might be different, due to increased BSA, increased metabolic rate or reduced nephron number. These equations are based on creatinine, cystatin C or a combination of the two, which adds another confounder to eGFR assessment. Unusually high GFR values, also known as renal hyperfiltration, have not been well defined under these equations.

Recent findings
Special conditions such as solitary kidney in kidney donors, high dietary protein intake, obesity and diabetes are often associated with renal hyperfiltration and amenable to errors in GFR estimation. In all hyperfiltration types, there is an increased intraglomerular pressure that can be physiologic, but its persistence over time is detrimental to glomerulus leading to progressive glomerular damage and renal fibrosis. Hyperfiltration might be underdiagnosed due to BSA standardization embedded in the formula. Hence, timely intervention is delayed. Reducing intraglomerular pressure in diabetes can be achieved by SGLT2 inhibitors or low protein diet to reverse the glomerulopathy process.

Summary
Accurate identification of glomerular hyperfiltration as a pre-CKD condition needs accurate estimation of GFR in the above normal range should establish a threshold for timely intervention.
Expanding the clinical spectrum of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Chen Benson S. , Britton John O.T. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Although the majority of patients with IIH present classically with headache and papilledema, some patients may have unusual presentations or manifestations. Recent advancements in neuroimaging have facilitated the identification of other presentations associated with IIH. This review provides an overview of the expanding clinical spectrum of IIH.

Recent findings
Presentations of IIH that are considered unusual include highly asymmetric or unilateral papilledema, IIH without papilledema, and IIH associated with cranial nerve involvement. These presentations likely reflect differences in the way cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure is transmitted intracranially. Radiological signs of intracranial hypertension are increasingly recognized in patients with IIH and provide further insights into the effects of raised ICP on intracranial structures. Osseous changes in the skull base leading to formation of meningoceles and encephaloceles have been identified in patients with IIH, spontaneous skull base CSF leak, and drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy, suggesting a possible association.

Summary
Clinicians should be familiar with the expanding clinical spectrum of IIH and the implications for the management of these presentations.
BDNF and TRiC-inspired Reagents Rescue Cortical Synaptic Deficits in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Gu Yingli , Pope Alexander , Smith-Geater Charlene , Carmona Christopher , Johnstone Aaron , Shi Linda , Chen Xuqiao , Santos Sarai , Bacon-Brenes Claire Cecile , Shoff Thomas , Kleczko Korbin M. , Frydman Judith , Thompson Leslie M. , Mobley William C. , Wu Chengbiao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) results from a CAG repeat expansion in the gene for Huntington (HTT) resulting in expansion of the polyglutamine (Q) tract in the mutant protein (mHTT). Synaptic changes are early manifestations of neuronal dysfunction in HD. However, the mechanism(s) by which mHTT impacts synapse formation and function is not well defined. Herein we explored HD pathogenesis in the BACHD and the ΔN17-BACHD mouse models of HD by examining cortical synapse formation and function in primary cultures maintained for up to 35 days (DIV35). We identified synapses by immunostaining with antibodies against pre-synaptic (Synapsin 1) and a post-synaptic (PSD95) marker. Consistent with earlier studies, cortical neurons from both WT and the HD models began to form synapses at DIV14; at this age there were no genotypic differences in synapse numbers. However, from DIV21 through DIV35 BACHD neurons showed progressively smaller numbers of synapses relative to WT neurons. Remarkably, BACHD synaptic deficits were completely rescued by treating cultures with BDNF. Building on earlier studies using reagents inspired by the chaperonin TRiC, we found that addition of the recombinant apical domain of CCT1 partially rescued synapse number. Unexpectedly, unlike BACHD cultures, synapses in ΔN17-BACHD cultures showed a progressive increase in number as compared to WT neurons, thus distinguishing synaptic changes in these HD models. Using multielectrode arrays, we discovered age-related functional deficits in BACHD cortical cultures with significant differences present by DIV28. As for synapse number, BDNF treatment prevented most synaptic deficits, including mean firing rate, spikes per burst, inter-burst interval, and synchrony. The apical domain of CCT1 showed similar, albeit less potent effects. These data are evidence that deficits in HD synapse number and function can be replicatedin vitroand that treatment with either BDNF or a TRiC-inspired reagent can prevent them. Our findings support the use of cellular models to further explicate HD pathogenesis and its treatments.
Falcon gut microbiome is shaped by diet and enriched inSalmonella
Authors: Ahmad Anique R. , Ridgeway Samuel , Shibl Ahmed A. , Idaghdour Youssef , Jha Aashish R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiome is increasingly being appreciated as a master regulator of animal health. However, most avian gut microbiome studies have focused on birds of economic importance while the gut microbiomes of raptors remain underexplored. Here we examine the gut microbiota of 29 samples from fourFalcospecies including hybrid birds— raptors of historic importance —in the context of avian evolution by sequencing the 16S rDNA V4 region. Our results reveal that evolutionary histories and diet are significantly associated with avian gut microbiota in general, whereas diet plays a major role in shaping the falcon gut microbiota. Multiple analyses revealed that gut microbial diversity, composition, and abundance of key diet-discriminating bacterial genera in the falcon gut closely resemble those of carnivorous raptors rather than those of their closest phylogenetic relatives. Furthermore, the falcon microbiota is dominated by Firmicutes and consists ofSalmonellaat appreciable levels.Salmonellapresence may potentially alter the functional capacity of the falcon gut microbiota as its abundance is associated with depletion of multiple predicted metabolic pathways involved in protein mass buildup, muscle maintenance, and enrichment of antimicrobial compound degradation, thus increasing the pathogenic potential of the falcon gut and presents a potential risk to human health.Author Summary in Arabic
A first-in-class Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) activator with anti-tumor activity in hematological cancers
Authors: Spriano Filippo , Sartori Giulio , Barnabei Laura , Arribas Alberto J. , Guala Matilde , Carrasco Del Amor Ana Maria , Tomasso Meagan R. , Tarantelli Chiara , Cascione Luciano , Golino Gaetanina , Riveiro Maria E , Bortolozzi Roberta , Lupia Antonio , Paduano Francesco , Huguet Samuel , Rezai Keyvan , Margheriti Francesco , Ventura Pedro , Guarda Greta , Costa Giosuè , Rocca Roberta , Cavalli Andrea , Viola Giampietro , Driessen Christoph , Zucca Emanuele , Stathis Anastasios , Bornhauser Beat , Alcaro Stefano , Trapasso Francesco , Cristobal Susana , Padrick Shae B. , Pazzi Natalina , Cavalli Franco , Bertoni Francesco , Gaudio Eugenio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHematological cancers are among the most common cancers in adults and in children. Despite significant improvements in therapies, many patients still succumb to the disease, therefore, novel therapies are needed. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family proteins regulate actin assembly in conjunction with the Arp2/3 complex, a ubiquitous nucleation factor. WASp is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells and exists in two allosteric conformations, auto-inhibited and active conformations. Here, we describe the development of EG-011, a first-in-class small molecule activator of the WASp auto-inhibited form. EG-011 possesses in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity as single agent in lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma, including models of secondary resistance to PI3K, BTK and proteasome inhibitors. The in vitro activity was confirmed in a lymphoma xenograft. Actin polymerization induced by EG-011 was demonstrated with multiple techniques. Transcriptome analysis highlighted homology with drugs inducing actin polymerization.Key pointsEG-011 is a novel small molecule with anti-tumor activity in hematological cancers, including resistant lymphoma and multiple myeloma modelsEG-011 is a first-in-class small molecule activator of the auto-inhibited form of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp)
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis antibodies cause long-lasting degradation of the hippocampal neural representation of memory
Authors: Zamani AmirPasha , Peixoto-Moledo Paula , Tomàs David P. , Rotstein Horacio G. , Dalmau Josep , Jercog Pablo E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractN-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome together with a reduction of NMDAR. Although in most patients the life-threatening symptoms of the acute stage resolve with immunotherapy, memory and executive functions remain altered for several months or years. A mechanistic explanation for these long-lasting cognitive effects is still lacking and previous animal models have not explored this effect.Here, we combined repeat calcium imaging of the same population of hundreds of hippocampal CA1 neurons for three months along with two behavioral tasks to assess retrograde and anterograde memory loss using a reported mouse model of cerebroventricular transfer of patients’ CSF antibodies. We measured how memory-related neuronal activity is affected by the presence of NMDAR antibodies during the induction of the model and its long-lasting recovery. In addition, we developed a computational model that provides a mechanistic explanation for the long-term antibody-mediated impairment of memory.The findings show that the presence of antibodies leads to an increase of CA1 neuronal firing rate, resulting in a reduction of the amount of information encoded by these cells. Furthermore, the antibodies cause a degradation of the hippocampal neuronal response stability over time, providing a neural correlate of memory dysfunction. All these neuronal alterations span the 3 months of recordings, and in some cases beyond the last recording point. The computational model shows that a reduction of NMDAR is sufficient to cause the changes observed in neuronal activity, including the different involvement of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to CA1 neurons.Altogether, we show that the antibody-mediated reduction of NMDAR leads to long-term changes in hippocampal neuronal activity which extend far beyond the antibody clearance, providing a mechanism that can account for the cognitive deficits observed in the protracted recovery of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.