bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion dynamics as hierarchical Bayesian inference in time
Authors: Majumdar Gargi , Yazin Fahd , Banerjee Arpan , Roy Dipanjan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhat fundamental property of our environment would be most valuable and optimal in characterizing the emotional dynamics we experience in daily life? Empirical work has shown that an accurate estimation of uncertainty is necessary for our optimal perception, learning, and decision-making. However, the role of this uncertainty in governing our affective dynamics remains unexplored. Using Bayesian encoding, decoding and computational modeling, on a large-scale neuroimaging and behavioral data on a passive movie-watching task, we showed that emotions naturally arise due to ongoing uncertainty estimations about future outcomes in a hierarchical neural architecture. Several prefrontal subregions hierarchically encoded a lower-dimensional signal that highly correlated with the evolving uncertainty. Crucially, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) tracked the temporal fluctuations of this uncertainty and was predictive of the participants’ predisposition to anxiety. Furthermore, we observed a distinct functional double-dissociation within OFC with increased connectivity between medial OFC and DMN, while with that of lOFC and FPN in response to the evolving affect. Finally, we uncovered a temporally predictive code updating an individual’s beliefs spontaneously with fluctuating outcome uncertainty in the lOFC. A biologically relevant and computationally crucial parameter in the theories of brain function, we propose uncertainty to be central to the definition of complex emotions.
Influenza vaccination strategy in acute coronary syndromes: the VIP-ACS trial
Authors: Fonseca Henrique Andrade R , Furtado Remo Holanda M , Zimerman André , Lemos Pedro A , Franken Marcelo , Monfardini Frederico , Pedrosa Rodrigo P , Patriota Rodrigo de Lemos S , Passos Luiz Carlos S , Dall’Orto Frederico Toledo C , Hoffmann Filho Conrado R , Nascimento Bruno Ramos , Baldissera Felipe A , Pereira Cesar Augusto C , Caramori Paulo Ricardo A , de Andrade Pedro Beraldo , Esteves Carlos , Salim Elke Ferreira , da Silva Jefferson Henrique , Pedro Izabela Chave , Silva Mariana Castaldi R , de Pedri Ewerton Hernandes , Carioca Ana Carla R D , de Piano Luciana Pereira A , Albuquerque Camila Santos N , Moia Diogo D F , Momesso Roberta Grazzielli R A P , Machado Felipe P , Damiani Lucas P , Soares Ronaldo Vicente P , Schettino Guilherme P , Rizzo Luiz V , Nicolau José Carlos , Berwanger Otávio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate whether a strategy of double-dose influenza vaccination during hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared with standard-dose outpatient vaccination (as recommended by current guidelines) would further reduce the risk of major cardiopulmonary events.

Methods and results
Vaccination against Influenza to Prevent cardiovascular events after Acute Coronary Syndromes (VIP-ACS) was a pragmatic, randomized, multicentre, active-comparator, open-label trial with blinded outcome adjudication comparing two strategies of influenza vaccination following an ACS: double-dose quadrivalent inactivated vaccine before hospital discharge vs. standard-dose quadrivalent inactivated vaccine administered in the outpatient setting 30 days after randomization. The primary outcome was a hierarchical composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, urgent coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for respiratory causes, analysed by the win ratio method. Patients were followed for 12 months. During two influenza seasons, 1801 participants were included at 25 centres in Brazil. The primary outcome was not different between groups, with 12.7% wins in-hospital double-dose vaccine group and 12.3% wins in the standard-dose vaccine group {win ratio: 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–1.32], P = 0.84}. Results were consistent for the key secondary outcome, a hierarchical composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke [win ratio: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.66–1.33), P = 0.72]. Time-to-first event analysis for the primary outcome showed results similar to those of the main analysis [hazard ratio 0.97 (95% CI: 0.75–1.24), P = 0.79]. Adverse events were infrequent and did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
Among patients hospitalized with an ACS, double-dose influenza vaccination before discharge did not reduce cardiopulmonary outcomes compared with standard-dose vaccination in the outpatient setting.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04001504
Laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy in case of large subcardial GISTs
Authors: Cimpean Sorin , Francois Flamand , Muresan Mihai Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumours that occur mostly in the stomach. The treatment is usually a limited resection, which is performed by an endoscopy or by a surgical approach. In case of metastasis of the disease proven found during the assessment, the treatment is usually limited to chemotherapy without a radical cure. We report a case of a large (9 cm) subcardial GIST that we treated by laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy due to the size and the location of the tumour. The laparoscopic resection is shown to be superior in perioperative outcomes compared to open surgery even for large lesions. In unfavourable locations such as in cardia lesions, transgastric, partial or extended gastric resections must be evaluated to avoid functional sequelae and post-operative morbidity.
The Yin-Yang functions of macrophages in metabolic disorders
Authors: Bai Juli , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMacrophages are widely distributed in various metabolic tissues/organs and play an essential role in the immune regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Macrophages have two major functions: adaptive defenses against invading pathogens by triggering inflammatory cytokine release and eliminating damaged/dead cells via phagocytosis to constrain inflammation. The pro-inflammatory role of macrophages in insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases is well established, but much less is known about the phagocytotic function of macrophages in metabolism. In this review, we review our current understanding of the ontogeny, tissue distribution, and polarization of macrophages in the context of metabolism. We also discuss the Yin-Yang functions of macrophages in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Third, we summarize the crosstalk between macrophages and gut microbiota. Lastly, we raise several important but remain to be addressed questions with respect to the mechanisms by which macrophages are involved in immune regulation of metabolism.
Serrated lithium fluoride nanofibers-woven interlayer enables uniform lithium deposition for lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Tan Shuangshuang , Jiang Yalong , Ni Shuyan , Wang Hao , Xiong Fangyu , Cui Lianmeng , Pan Xuelei , Tang Chen , Rong Yaoguang , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The uncontrollable formation of Li dendrites has become the biggest obstacle to the practical application of Li-metal anodes in high-energy rechargeable Li batteries. Herein, a unique LiF interlayer woven by millimeter-level, single-crystal and serrated LiF nanofibers (NFs) was designed to enable dendrite-free and highly efficient Li-metal deposition. This high-conductivity LiF interlayer can increase the Li+ transference number and induce the formation of ‘LiF–NFs-rich’ solid–electrolyte interface (SEI). In the ‘LiF–NFs-rich’ SEI, the ultra-long LiF nanofibers provide a continuously interfacial Li+ transport path. Moreover, the formed Li–LiF interface between Li-metal and SEI film renders low Li nucleation and high Li+ migration energy barriers, leading to uniform Li plating and stripping processes. As a result, steady charge–discharge in a Li//Li symmetrical cell for 1600 h under 4 mAh cm−2 and 400 stable cycles under a high area capacity of 5.65 mAh cm−2 in a high-loading Li//rGO–S cell at 17.9 mA cm−2 could be achieved. The free-standing LiF–NFs interlayer exhibits superior advantages for commercial Li batteries and displays significant potential for expanding the applications in solid Li batteries.
The relation between quasars’ optical spectra and variability
Authors: Nagoshi Shumpei , Iwamuro Fumihide 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Brightness variation is an essential feature of quasars, but its mechanism and relationship to other physical quantities are not understood well. We aimed to find the relationship between the optical variability and spectral features to reveal the regularity behind the random variation. It is known that a quasar’s Fe ii/Hβ flux ratio and equivalent width of [O iii]5007 are negatively correlated; this is called Eigenvector 1. In this work, we visualized the relationship between the position on this Eigenvector 1 (EV1) plane and how the brightness of the quasars had changed after ∼10 yr. We conducted three analyses, using a different quasar sample in each. The first analysis showed the relation between the quasars’ distributions on the EV1 plane and how much they had changed brightness, using 13438 Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars. This result shows how brightness changes later are clearly related to the position on the EV1 plane. In the second analysis, we plotted the sources reported as “changing-look quasars” (or “changing-state quasars”) on the EV1 plane. This result shows that the position on the EV1 plane corresponds to the activity level of each source, and the bright or dim states of them are distributed on the opposite sides divided by the typical quasar distribution. In the third analysis, we examined the transition vectors on the EV1 plane using sources with multiple-epoch spectra. This result shows that the brightening and dimming sources move on a similar path and they reach a position corresponding to the opposite activity level. We also found this trend is opposite to the empirical rule that $R_{\rm {Fe\, \small {II}}}$ positively correlated with the Eddington ratio, which has been proposed based on the trends of a large number of quasars. From all these analyses, it is indicated that quasars tend to oscillate between both sides of the distribution ridge on the EV1 plane; each of them corresponds to a dim state and a bright state. This trend in optical variation suggests that significant brightness changes, such as changing-look quasars, are expected to repeat.
Sulfur-isotope anomalies recorded in Antarctic ice cores as a potential proxy for tracing past ozone layer depletion events
Authors: Dasari Sanjeev , Paris Guillaume , Charreau Julien , Savarino Joel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChanges in the cosmic-ray background of the Earth can impact the ozone layer. High-energy cosmic events [e.g. supernova (SN)] or rapid changes in the Earth's magnetic field [e.g. geomagnetic Excursion (GE)] can lead to a cascade of cosmic rays. Ensuing chemical reactions can then cause thinning/destruction of the ozone layer—leading to enhanced penetration of harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation toward the Earth's surface. However, observational evidence for such UV “windows” is still lacking. Here, we conduct a pilot study and investigate this notion during two well-known events: the multiple SN event (≈10 kBP) and the Laschamp GE event (≈41 kBP). We hypothesize that ice-core-Δ33S records—originally used as volcanic fingerprints—can reveal UV-induced background-tropospheric-photochemical imprints during such events. Indeed, we find nonvolcanic S-isotopic anomalies (Δ33S ≠ 0‰) in background Antarctic ice-core sulfate during GE/SN periods, thereby confirming our hypothesis. This suggests that ice-core-Δ33S records can serve as a proxy for past ozone-layer-depletion events.
Using implementation strategies in community settings: an introduction to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation and future directions
Authors: Balis Laura E , Houghtaling Bailey , Harden Samantha M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this commentary, we introduce public health practitioners and researchers to implementation science through an established compilation of implementation strategies. We provide terminology and examples for community settings so public health practitioners and researchers can use implementation strategies and document efforts using standard terminology. We also discuss the need for future work to determine the extent to which these implementation strategies work and are most useful in community settings, and ultimately, how health behaviors are impacted. We intend this commentary to serve as a dissemination strategy for implementation strategies and to contribute to knowledge in the growing field of implementation science in community settings.
Trastuzumab combined chemotherapy for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xue Chuan , Xu Yong-Hong 
Published: August 2022

Background:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy for the treatment in HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer (HER2-PAGC).

Methods:
This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed using randomized controlled trials that compared trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone. A comprehensive search was conducted in the following databases from their inception onwards: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WANGFANG, and CNKI. We also searched other literature sources to avoid missing relevant studies. Two reviewers independently performed all record selection, data collection, and methodological assessments. Any confusion was resolved by discussion or referral to a third reviewer. If there were ample data from eligible studies, we performed a fixed-effects meta-analysis. Whenever this was not possible, we conducted a narrative synthesis.

Results:
Meta-analysis results showed that trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved better outcomes on response rate (trastuzumab plus CFC vs CFC: odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.17–2.09], I
2 = 0%, P < .003; trastuzumab plus OT vs OT: OR = 2.97, 95% CI [1.74–5.09], I
2 = 0%, P < .0001; and trastuzumab plus CC vs CC: OR = 2.62, 95% CI [1.84–3.73], I
2 = 0%, P < .0001), and disease control rate (trastuzumab plus CFC vs CFC: OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.17–2.21], I
2 = 0%, P = .004; trastuzumab plus OT vs OT: OR = 4.29, 95% CI [2.33–7.90], I
2 = 0%, P < .0001; and trastuzumab plus CC vs CC: OR = 2.99, 95% CI [1.99–4.48], I
2 = 0%, P < .0001). However, there were no significant differences in the adverse events.

Conclusions:
The results of this study revealed that the efficacy of trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy was superior to that of chemotherapy alone for the treatment of HER2-PAGC. The 2 modalities showed similar safety profiles.
Epstein–Barr virus encephalitis with excessive daytime sleepiness as the main manifestation: Two case reports
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhang Xiaobo , Yang Haifeng , Gu Jun 
Published: August 2022

Rationale:
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a clinical manifestation of various disorders. Here, we report 2 cases of EDS related to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis.

Patient concerns:
Both the patients were elderly men. Case 1 presented with EDS with headache and fever. Case 2 was presented with EDS only. The 2 patients slept normally at night without taking sleeping pill. They were able to get up and go to the toilet and eat by themselves during the day, but they almost slept at other times.

Diagnosis:
After admission, a lumbar puncture was performed to collect the cerebrospinal fluid, and next-generation sequencing showed that EBV infection was detected. Combined with the patient’s head magnetic resonance imaging and clinical features, a diagnosis of EBV encephalitis was made.

Interventions:
Both patients received antiviral therapy.

Outcomes:
Case 1 had a rapid improvement in headache and fever and was discharged from the hospital after the symptoms of EDS gradually improved. In case 2, EDS symptoms gradually improved. Two patients were followed up for 3 months after discharge, and the outcome was good.

Lessons:
EDS can also be the main clinical manifestation of viral encephalitis, and we should diagnose and identify it early and treat it promptly.
Effective anesthetic management with remimazolam and ketamine without muscle relaxants for parotidectomy in a patient with myotonic dystrophy: A case report
Authors: Ishida Yoshiaki , Habu Miki (Iwasaki) , Toba Yoshie 
Published: August 2022

Rationale:
Patients with myotonic dystrophy (DM) are highly sensitive to anesthetics, muscle relaxants, and opioids, necessitating appropriate anesthetic management. Recently, remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, has been approved for use as a general anesthetic in Japan, and patients with DM have reportedly been treated with remimazolam. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported on endotracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants under anesthetic management with remimazolam, nor on the combination of remimazolam and ketamine.

Patient concerns:
A 23-year-old man was referred to our hospital for right parotidectomy and diagnosed with DM just before surgery. At the surgeon’s discretion, he was scheduled to undergo nerve monitoring to preserve the facial nerve.

Diagnosis:
Myotonic dystrophy.

Interventions:
We planned total intravenous anesthesia without muscle relaxants and selected remimazolam for anesthesia. Our aim was to prevent the intraoperative or postoperative complications associated with propofol and inhalational anesthetics. Additionally, we selected multimodal analgesia, including ketamine, to avoid opioid use. General anesthesia was induced with ketamine 30 mg, remifentanil 0.72 μg/kg/min, and remimazolam 12 + 6 mg. Endotracheal intubation was performed under videolaryngoscopy without the use of muscle relaxants. For postoperative analgesia, we administered additional doses of ketamine 20 mg and acetaminophen 1000 mg, and the surgeons infiltrated 8 mL of xylocaine 0.5% with epinephrine into the skin incision before starting the surgery. Intraoperative anesthesia was maintained with remimazolam 0.9 to 1.0 mg/kg/h and remifentanil 0.26 to 0.50 μg/kg/min. Flumazenil was administered for rapid awakening and safe extubation. All vitals, including the bispectral index, were stable during surgery.

Outcomes:
The patient did not develop facial nerve paralysis, sore throat, or hoarseness, nor did he have any memory of the surgery. Good postoperative analgesia was achieved.

Lessons:
We achieved effective anesthetic management using remimazolam without muscle relaxants in a patient with DM. Furthermore, the combination of remimazolam and ketamine provided good sedation and postoperative analgesia.
Anaphylaxis in Children
Authors: Tanverdi Melisa S. , Wiersma Alexandria , Kim Kristin M. , Hicks Allison G. , Mistry Rakesh D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening event in children, commonly encountered in the prehospital and emergency department settings. Recently published clinical guidelines emphasize early recognition of anaphylaxis and administration of epinephrine as the mainstay of management. Literature regarding adjuvant therapies, biphasic reactions, observation times, and disposition of patients with anaphylaxis remains controversial. In this article, we will review the background and pathophysiology of anaphylaxis, as well as the diagnostic approach, management, and future directions of anaphylaxis in children.
Are female-specific cancers long-term sequelae of COVID-19? Evidence from a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis
Authors: Zhao Xunying , Wu Xueyao , Xiao Jinyu , Zhang Li , Hao Yu , Xiao Chenghan , Zhang Ben , Li Jiayuan , Jiang Xia 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known regarding the long-term adverse effects of COVID-19 on female-specific cancers due to the restricted length of observational time, nor the shared genetic influences underlying these conditions.MethodsLeveraging summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies conducted in each trait, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait analysis to investigate the shared genetic architecture and the putative genetic associations between COVID-19 with three main female-specific cancers: breast cancer (BC), epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and endometrial cancer (EC). Three phenotypes were selected to represent COVID-19 susceptibility (SARS-CoV-2 infection) and severity (COVID-19 hospitalization, COVID-19 critical illness).ResultsFor COVID-19 susceptibility, we found no evidence of a genetic correlation with any of the female-specific cancers. For COVID-19 severity, we identified a significant genome-wide genetic correlation with EC for both hospitalization (rg=0.19, P=0.01) and critical illness (rg =0.29, P=3.00×10−4). Mendelian randomization demonstrated no valid association of COVID-19 with any cancer of interest, except for suggestive associations of genetically predicted hospitalization (ORIVW=1.09, 95%CI=1.01-1.18, P=0.04) and critical illness (ORIVW=1.06, 95%CI=1.00-1.11, P=0.04) with EC risk, none withstanding multiple correction. No reverse association was found. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified multiple pleiotropic SNPs between COVID-19 and female-specific cancers, including 20 for BC, 15 for EOC, and 5 for EC. Transcriptome-wide association studies revealed shared genes, mostly enriched in the hematologic, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.ConclusionsOur genetic analysis highlights an intrinsic link underlying female-specific cancers and COVID-19 - while COVID-19 is not likely to elevate the immediate risk of the examined female-specific cancers, it appears to share mechanistic pathways with these conditions. These findings may provide implications for future therapeutic strategies and public health actions.