bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting sequence features within the disordered C-terminal linker of
Bacillus subtilis
FtsZ to functions and bacterial cell division
Authors: Shinn Min Kyung , Cohan Megan C. , Bullock Jessie L. , Ruff Kiersten M. , Levin Petra A. , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: October 2022

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can function as autoregulators of folded enzymes to which they are tethered. One example is the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ. This includes a folded core and a C-terminal tail (CTT) that encompasses a poorly conserved, disordered C-terminal linker (CTL) and a well-conserved 17-residue C-terminal peptide (CT17). Sites for GTPase activity of FtsZs are formed at the interface between GTP binding sites and T7 loops on cores of adjacent subunits within dimers. Here, we explore the basis of autoregulatory functions of the CTT in
Bacillus subtilis
FtsZ (
Bs-
FtsZ). Molecular simulations show that the CT17 of
Bs-
FtsZ makes statistically significant CTL-mediated contacts with the T7 loop. Statistical coupling analysis of more than 1,000 sequences from FtsZ orthologs reveals clear covariation of the T7 loop and the CT17 with most of the core domain, whereas the CTL is under independent selection. Despite this, we discover the conservation of nonrandom sequence patterns within CTLs across orthologs. To test how the nonrandom patterns of CTLs mediate CTT–core interactions and modulate FtsZ functionalities, we designed
Bs-
FtsZ variants by altering the patterning of oppositely charged residues within the CTL. Such alterations disrupt the core–CTT interactions, lead to anomalous assembly and inefficient GTP hydrolysis in vitro and protein degradation, aberrant assembly, and disruption of cell division in vivo. Our findings suggest that viable CTLs in FtsZs are likely to be IDRs that encompass nonrandom, functionally relevant sequence patterns that also preserve three-way covariation of the CT17, the T7 loop, and core domain.
The unstructured linker of Mlh1 contains a motif required for endonuclease function which is mutated in cancers
Authors: Torres Kendall A. , Calil Felipe A. , Zhou Ann L. , DuPrie Matthew L. , Putnam Christopher D. , Kolodner Richard D. 
Published: October 2022

Eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair (MMR) depends on recruitment of the Mlh1-Pms1 endonuclease (human MLH1-PMS2) to mispaired DNA. Both Mlh1 and Pms1 contain a long unstructured linker that connects the N- and carboxyl-terminal domains. Here, we demonstrated the Mlh1 linker contains a conserved motif (
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
residues 391–415) required for MMR. The Mlh1-R401A,D403A-Pms1 linker motif mutant protein was defective for MMR and endonuclease activity in vitro, even though the conserved motif could be >750 Å from the carboxyl-terminal endonuclease active site or the N-terminal adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site. Peptides encoding this motif inhibited wild-type Mlh1-Pms1 endonuclease activity. The motif functioned in vivo at different sites within the Mlh1 linker and within the Pms1 linker. Motif mutations in human cancers caused a loss-of-function phenotype when modeled in
S. cerevisiae
. These results suggest that the Mlh1 motif promotes the PCNA-activated endonuclease activity of Mlh1-Pms1 via interactions with DNA, PCNA, RFC, or other domains of the Mlh1-Pms1 complex.
Understanding the effects of temporal waveform modulation of laser emission power in laser powder bed fusion: Part II - Experimental investigation
Authors: Caprio Leonardo , Demir Ali Gökhan , Previtali Barbara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process has historically been operated with high-brilliance fibre laser sources with continuous wave (CW) emission. Nonetheless, temporal waveform modulation of the laser emission power at high-frequency levels can provide a means to enhance the deposition process by modifying the melt dynamics and solidification mechanisms. In order to disclose the effect of different waveform shapes and their parameters, an experimental study using an open LPBF system was conducted. This paper is the second part of an investigation on this topic, which aims to validate the analytical model proposed in the first part of the work. The LPBF system that was developed enabled the power emission profiles to be programmed during single-track depositions. Four different waveform shapes were tested (namely square wave, ramp up, ramp down and triangle wave) at different levels of waveform amplitude (ΔP= 200–400 W) and different frequencies (fw
= 2–4–6–8 kHz) during the single-track deposition of stainless steel AISI316L. High-speed imaging acquisitions allowed the melt dynamics to be disclosed and the melt-oscillation frequency to be identified. Larger waveform amplitudes and waveforms with sudden variations of emission power generated melt ejections and process instabilities. Stable conditions could be identified when employing ramp up and triangle waveforms with ΔP = 200. Melt-surface oscillation frequency corresponded to the values imposed via the modulation of the laser emission power, thus validating the analytical model of Part I, which correlated the melt-surface temperature to the recoil pressure induced over the molten pool. Optical microscopy images and metallographic cross-sections confirmed the high-speed video observations. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the depositions via focus variation microscopy allowed the build rates and roughness of the single tracks to be determined. Build rates obtained in stable deposition conditions with waveform modulation are analogous to values obtainable with CW emission, and beneficial effects over the roughness were reported.
Compact broadband acoustic meta-silencer based on synergy between reactive and resistive units
Authors: Zhang Zhenfang , Yu Dianlong , Xiao Yong , Hu Bing , Bai Yu , Wen Jihong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Acoustic silencers are the most effective solution to control noise in ducts. In this paper, we propose a compact acoustic meta-silencer (AMS) based on the synergy between reactive and resistive units that enables the reduction of low-frequency and broadband noise. We first propose a conceptual AMS comprising simple reactive and resistive units to verify its unique sound attenuation performance. To explore its potential for application, we then propose an advanced AMS unit consisting of two independent annular chambers that represent reactive and resistive units, respectively. The synergistic mechanism between reactive and resistive units to achieve superior sound attenuation is revealed. Next, the band structures of the infinite periodic advanced AMS are discussed, and three different types of advanced AMS containing six units are examined. It is demonstrated numerically and experimentally that the optimized AMS with a compact size can achieve a transmission loss higher than 15 dB over a super-wide low-frequency range (290–1344 Hz). The work here provides a new avenue for the design of low-frequency and broadband meta-silencers to control the noise in ducts.
Interface engineering of 9X stacked 3D NAND flash memory using hydrogen post-treatment annealing
Authors: Choi Saeyan , Kim Seungsob , Bang Seain , Kim Jungchun , Park Dong Geun , Jin Seunghee , Kim Min Jung , Kwon Eunmee , Lee Jae Woo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of hydrogen post-treatment on 3D NAND flash memory. Hydrogen post-treatment annealing (PTA) is suggested to passivate the defects in the tunneling oxide/poly-Si interface and inside the poly-Si channel. However, excess hydrogen PTA can release hydrogen atoms from the passivated defects, which may degrade device performance. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate PTA condition for optimization of the device performance. Three different conditions for hydrogen PTA, namely Reference, H, and H++, are applied to observe the effects on device performance. The activation energy (

E

a

) of the device parameters was extracted according to the hydrogen PTA condition to analyze the effects. The extracted

E

a

is about 74 meV for Reference, 53 meV for H, and 58 meV for H++ conditions, with the best performance observed at the H condition. Optimal hydrogen PTA shows the best on-current (51% higher than Reference) and stable short-term retention (66% suppressed

Δ

V
T than Reference) in 9X stacked 3D NAND flash memory.
Renewable and eco-friendly ZnO immobilized onto dead sea sponge floating materials with dual practical aspects for enhanced photocatalysis and disinfection applications
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Ali , Almani Khalida Faryal , Shah Aqeel Ahmed , Tahira Aneela , Chana Iftikhar Ahmed , Aftab Umair , Ibupoto Mazhar Hussain , Mirjat Abdul Nabi , Aboelmaaref Amal , Nafady Ayman , Vigolo Brigitte , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the role of natural dead sea sponge (DSS, Porifera) as a three-dimensional (3D) porous host substrate for the immobilization of nanostructured ZnO material towards the development of ZnO based floating photocatalysts for efficient removal of methylene blue (MB) dye under the illumination of sunlight. After photodegradation, the treated water after dye degradation contains several pathogens, different disinfectants or chemical reagents that are essentially used. This is not the case for DSS as it can naturally kill any pathogens during the wastewater treatment process. To explore these functions, ZnO nanosheets were incorporated onto DSS via hydrothermal protocol and the as prepared ZnO/DSS hybrid material exhibited approximately ∼100% degradation efficiency for the removal of MB. Importantly, the degradation kinetics associated with the fabricated ZnO/DSS was remarkably accelerated as evidenced by the high values of degradation reaction rate constants (3.35 × 10–2 min−1). The outperformance of ZnO/DSS could be attributed to the adsorption caused by its 3D porous structure together with the high rapid oxidation of MB. Furthermore, the high charge separation of electron–hole pairs, natural porosity, and abundant catalytic sites offered by the hybrid ZnO/DSS floating photocatalyst have enabled quantitative (∼100%) degradation efficiency for MB. Finally, the excellent reusability results confirm the feasibility of using natural ZnO/DSS-based photocatalyst for practical solution of wastewater treatment and other environmental problems.
Deep learning-based remote-photoplethysmography measurement from short-time facial video
Authors: Li Bin , Jiang Wei , Peng Jinye , Li Xiaobai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective. Efficient non-contact heart rate (HR) measurement from facial video has received much attention in health monitoring. Past methods relied on prior knowledge and an unproven hypothesis to extract remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) signals, e.g. manually designed regions of interest (ROIs) and the skin reflection model. Approach. This paper presents a short-time end to end HR estimation framework based on facial features and temporal relationships of video frames. In the proposed method, a deep 3D multi-scale network with cross-layer residual structure is designed to construct an autoencoder and extract robust rPPG features. Then, a spatial-temporal fusion mechanism is proposed to help the network focus on features related to rPPG signals. Both shallow and fused 3D spatial-temporal features are distilled to suppress redundant information in the complex environment. Finally, a data augmentation strategy is presented to solve the problem of uneven distribution of HR in existing datasets. Main results. The experimental results on four face-rPPG datasets show that our method overperforms the state-of-the-art methods and requires fewer video frames. Compared with the previous best results, the proposed method improves the root mean square error (RMSE) by 5.9%, 3.4% and 21.4% on the OBF dataset (intra-test), COHFACE dataset (intra-test) and UBFC dataset (cross-test), respectively. Significance. Our method achieves good results on diverse datasets (i.e. highly compressed video, low-resolution and illumination variation), demonstrating that our method can extract stable rPPG signals in short time.
On weak lensing response functions
Authors: Munshi D. , Takahashi R. , McEwen J.D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We introduce the response function approach
to model the weak lensing statistics in the context of
separate universe formalism.
Numerical results for the RFs are presented for various
semi-analytical models
that includes perturbative modelling and variants of halo models.
These results extend the recent
studies of the Integrated Bispectrum and Trispectrum to
arbitrary order. We find that
due to the line-of-sight projection effects, the expressions for RFs are
not identical to the squeezed correlation functions of the same order.
We compute the RFs in three-dimensions using the spherical
Fourier-Bessel formalism
which provides a natural framework for
incorporating photometric redshifts, and relate these expressions to tomographic and projected statistics.
We generalise the concept of k-cut power spectrum to k-cut response functions.
In addition to response functions, we also
define their counterparts in real space, since they are easier to
estimate from surveys with low sky-coverage and non-trivial survey boundaries.
Waterfall stiff period can generate observable primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Dimopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A toy-model is studied, which considers two flat directions meeting at an
enhanced symmetry point such that they realise the usual hybrid inflation
mechanism. The kinetic term of the waterfall field features a pole at its
Planckian vacuum expectation value (VEV), as with α-attractors.
Consequently, after the phase transition which terminates hybrid inflation,
the waterfall field never rolls to its VEV. Instead, it drives a stiff period,
where the barotropic parameter of the Universe w ≈ 1/2 results in a
peak in the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves, which will be
observable by the forthcoming LISA mission as well as by Advanced LIGO.
Consequences of neutron decay inside neutron stars
Authors: Husain Wasif , Motta Theo F. , Thomas Anthony W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The hypothesis that neutrons might decay into dark matter is explored using neutron stars as a testing ground. It is found that in order to obtain stars with masses at the upper end of those observed, the dark matter must experience a relatively strong self-interaction. Conservation of baryon number and energy then require that the star must undergo some heating, with a decrease in radius, leading to an increase in speed of rotation over a period of days.
Cosmological dynamics of relativistic MOND
Authors: Kashfi Tahere , Roshan Mahmood 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the recently proposed relativistic theory for MOND using phase space analysis. Unlike its precedent theory, namely TeVeS, this theory is claimed to agree with the observed Cosmic Microwave Background and matter power spectra. We convert the background cosmological equations of the theory to a set of first-order autonomous equations. Then we explore the corresponding fixed points and their physical meaning. This method is powerful in the sense that the cosmological behavior of the model is diagnosed independently of the magnitude of the free parameters of the theory. We show that the theory has a viable sequence of cosmological epochs. Although this theory mimics the standard cosmological model when specific conditions are used, it provides a richer structure as far as the background cosmology is concerned. This implies that further investigations are required to see if this theory contributes to addressing the current cosmological tensions.
One likelihood to bind them all: Lyman-α constraints on non-standard dark matter
Authors: Hooper Deanna C. , Schöneberg Nils , Murgia Riccardo , Archidiacono Maria , Lesgourgues Julien , Viel Matteo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent cosmological tensions have rekindled the search for models beyond ΛCDM that cause a suppression of the matter power spectrum. Due to the small scales accessible to Lyman-α data they are an excellent additional tool to probe such models. In this work we extend a recently-developed approach for using Lyman-α data to constrain the power spectrum suppression caused by almost any mixture of cold and non-standard dark matter. We highlight the steps involved in the development of a corresponding likelihood that will be publicly released upon publication of this work. We study three examples of models suppressing the power spectrum, namely feebly interacting dark matter, dark matter interacting with baryons, and mixed cold+warm dark matter. The latter two can be well constrained from Lyman-α data, and we derive novel conclusions on the cosmologically allowed parameter spaces, including finding a mild preference for non-zero interactions between dark matter and baryons. The consistency of the constraints obtained on these models highlight the robustness and flexibility of the likelihood developed here.
Research on optimal operation of grid-connected microgrid based on improved whale algorithm
Authors: Shi Qi-Feng , Yin Chang-Yong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a small microgrid system is composed of wind turbines, photovoltaic generators, micro gas turbines, fuel cells and battery energy storage devices. In order to realize the optimal operation of the grid-connected microgrid, a multi-objective optimal operation model with economical and environmental friendliness is established. Secondly, an adaptive strategy is introduced for the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to improve the optimization accuracy and convergence speed of the whale algorithm. The improved whale algorithm is used to solve the target model, and the optimal operation scheme of each distributed power source in the microgrid is obtained, and the simulation analysis results are compared to verify the rationality of the improved whale algorithm.
Research on high voltage cable fault location technology based on neural network
Authors: Yuan Qi , Xu Qiang , He Bangle , Ye Ting , Zhang Wei , Xuan Chenyang , Zhu Yijia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
At present, high voltage cables are widely used in urban transmission system. When cable fault occurs, the speed of locating fault point and the accuracy of locating fault point play a decisive factor for power system to restore power supply quickly. This article adopted the method of neural network model based on the traveling wave ranging method. It could judge the fault location of 35kV~500kV high-voltage cable more quickly and accurately. Then, we have designed a portable high volt cable fault location device, which has been tested in the domestic power plant. The experiment showed that it could quickly determine the nature and location of power cable faults, shorten the time of blackouts and reduce the loss caused by blackouts.
Research on photovoltaic MPPT control Strategy based on improved sliding mode control
Authors: Li Huixiu , Zhao Lina , Tian Shuo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
MPPT intelligent control strategy algorithm is complex and practical application is difficult, So an improved sliding mode controller is proposed, which can improve engineering application, but also quickly and stably track the maximum power point of the system. In this paper, Boost circuit as the carrier, by increasing the amount of control in the controller, to build a new sliding mode control algorithm, Lyapunov stability theory analysis to demonstrate the correctness of the design algorithm, and through Simulink modeling and simulation, verify the feasibility of the control algorithm. The results show that the controller can quickly and stably track the maximum power of solar cells with small chattering and strong anti-disturbance ability regardless of the change of ambient temperature or light intensity.
Research on Independent Live Replacement Method and Equipment for Suspension Clamp of ±800kV Transmission Line
Authors: Fu Yanyi , Xu Li , Wang Zhigang , Chen Fang , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
UHV transmission lines are of great significance to the long-distance transmission of electric energy. Suspension clamp is a common hardware of line tower, and its maintenance method has large load transfer and low working efficiency. Aiming at this problem, the independent live replacement method of suspension clamp is put forward, the safety is analyzed, and the simulation analysis and test verification of the developed equipment are carried out. The results show that the research results can greatly reduce the transfer load and improve the working efficiency, which is of great significance to this type of maintenance.
Electric vehicle battery charging interference intelligent protection device
Authors: Xie Li , Liu Baojun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The frequent occurrence of fire accidents in the charging process of electric vehicles is a relatively concerned problem. This paper has targeted analysis of electric vehicle fire causes, and the harm caused by fire. This paper puts forward the prospect and significance of battery interference protection device, analysed the working principle of battery charging interference intelligent protection device according to the types and characteristics of electric vehicle battery, and points out the important role of battery interference protection device, which has practical significance.
Research on intelligent photovoltaic control and protection switch based on fuzzy PID controller
Authors: Hao Qingshui , Yan Honghua , Tian Bin , Zhang Aimin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, intelligent electrical equipment has been widely used. Control and protection switches (CPS) have the functions of circuit breakers, relays, disconnectors and many other products, etc. The intelligent PV low-voltage switch based on fuzzy PID controller designed in this study is applicable to the low-voltage PV distribution network with rated voltage of 500V and rated current up to 1200A with direct grounding of the neutral point of three four wires. The intelligent photovoltaic low-voltage switch designed in this paper can provide indirect contact protection to the distribution network, which can reduce the occurrence of grounding accidents caused by equipment insulation damage; the intelligent photovoltaic low-voltage switch designed in this paper is equipped with a wireless transmission module, which applies the wireless communication technology to the power equipment, so that the power equipment can realize the functions of remote monitoring the operation status of the power grid and controlling the switch breaking and closing. Finally, the fuzzy PID controller is introduced to improve the reliability of switch operation.
Design of new adjustable fine reactive power compensation device
Authors: Hao Qingshui , Yan Honghua , Lv Yanjun , Wang Rongjian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of China’s national economy, the level of power system construction and operation management has been greatly improved compared with the past, but the requirements of power users for power production and management departments are also higher and higher. A lot of research work has been carried out on how to improve the power supply reliability, rapid repair ability and controllability of power system. The new type of fine reactive power compensation device introduced in this paper can better meet the above requirements, which reflects the current frontier technology direction of reactive power compensation development, and will play an increasing role in improving the voltage stability of China’s distribution network, improving the power factor of equipment and enhancing the transmission capacity.