bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Swendsen–Wang dynamics on trees
Authors: Blanca Antonio , Chen Zongchen , Štefankovič Daniel , Vigoda Eric 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Swendsen–Wang algorithm is a sophisticated, widely‐used Markov chain for sampling from the Gibbs distribution for the ferromagnetic Ising and Potts models. This chain has proved difficult to analyze, due in part to its global nature. We present optimal bounds on the convergence rate of the Swendsen–Wang algorithm for the complete ‐ary tree. Our bounds extend to the non‐uniqueness region and apply to all boundary conditions. We show that the spatial mixing conditions known asvariance mixingandentropy mixingimply spectral gap and mixing time, respectively, for the Swendsen–Wang dynamics on the ‐ary tree. We also show that these bounds are asymptotically optimal. As a consequence, we establish mixing for the Swendsen–Wang dynamics forallboundary conditions throughout (and beyond) the tree uniqueness region. Our proofs feature a novel spectral view of the variance mixing condition and utilize recent work on block factorization of entropy.
WSR 2.0 (2): Wuli–shili–renli notions
Authors: Zhu Zhichang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is the second of a series of papers that present a systems approach to management from China: wuli–shili–renli (WSR). The paper focuses on an updated reconstruction of the WSR notions. In WSR 2.0, wuli is defined as characteristics and regularities of objective existence, shili as means and methods for knowing and doing and renli as principles and norms that guide collective actions toward higher purpose. Issues emerging from recent theorising and applying WSR notions are discussed.
Size effect of circular concrete‐filled stainless steel tubular short columns under axial compression
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Wang Senping , Yuan Bo 
Published: November 2022

SummaryConcrete‐filled stainless steel tube (CFSST) members combine the advantages of stainless steel materials and concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) members. Therefore, it has a broad range of applications than CFST members in the marine environment and other scenarios requiring great durability and corrosion resistance. However, there are limited researches on the large‐sized CFSST members. In this paper, 30 circular CFSST members with varying steel ratios (3.7% ≤ α ≤ 10.3%), diameters (500 mm ≤ D ≤ 900 mm), and strength of concrete (
= 40 MPa, 50 MPa) are studied on the size effect under axial compression. For peak axial stress, peak axial strain, and composite elastic modulus, size effects are investigated. According to the results, the peak axial stress and peak axial strain of the members increase with the increase in diameter. The modulus of composite elasticity essentially stays constant as the diameter increases, showing that there is no obvious size effect on the composite elastic modulus. The size effect of peak axial stress and peak axial strain is influenced by the steel ratio. Increasing the steel ratio tended to decrease the size effect. According to the generated data, it was found that the current codes of Chinese and European underestimate the ultimate bearing capacity of CFSST short columns significantly. To this end, the resistances of the large‐sized austenitic CFSST columns with a low steel ratio are well predicted by the proposed design model after being modified, based on GB 50936‐2014 and EN 1994‐1‐1 design codes.
Characterization of the Binary Nitrides VN and ScN by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Steinadler Jennifer , Eisenburger Lucien , Bräuniger Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNMR spectra of polycrystalline samples of the binary nitrides ScN and VN were acquired under magic‐angle spinning. The observed nuclides 45Sc, 51V and 14N are all quadrupolar nuclei with a spin
. However, due to the high symmetry of their rock‐salt type structures, the spectra of the nitrides do not exhibit effects of quadrupolar or other anisotropic interactions of significant magnitude. This allows a relatively straightforward evaluation of the acquired spectra, leading to isotropic chemical shift values (δiso) of −213 ppm (51VN), 378 ppm (V14N), 290 ppm (45ScN) and 442 ppm (Sc14N) against commonly used reference standards. In the wider context of 14N‐NMR of binary nitrides, it is shown that the distance of nitrogen to the nearest neighbour cation can be correlated to the observed chemical shift.
Correction to: Traditional Medicinal Knowledge of Vendors and Their Contribution Toward Community Healthcare in Baguio City, Philippines
Authors: Barcelo Racquel C. , Gallao II Mark Gamaliel S. , Balocnit Reina G. , Caballero Kate L. , Fernandez Alfonso Rafael C. , Magwa Karl Andrei B. , Valmoja Justin Dave P. , Garambas Zenaida U. , Barcelo Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2022

In the original version of the book, the author provided a revised map that has been updated in Figure 6.1.The book and the chapter have been updated with the change.
The effective theory of gravity and dynamical vacuum energy
Authors: Mottola Emil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Gravity and general relativity are considered as an Effective Field Theory (EFT) at low energies and macroscopic distances. The effective action of the conformal anomaly of light or massless quantum fields has significant effects on macroscopic scales, due to associated light cone singularities that are not captured by an expansion in local curvature invariants. A compact local form for the Wess-Zumino effective action of the conformal anomaly and stress tensor is given, requiring the introduction of a new light scalar field, which it is argued should be included in the low energy effective action for gravity. This scalar conformalon couples to the conformal part of the spacetime metric and allows the effective value of the vacuum energy, described as a condensate of an exact 4-form abelian gauge field strength F = dA, to change in space and time. This is achieved by the identification of the torsion dependent part of the Chern-Simons 3-form of the Euler class with the gauge potential A, which enters the effective action of the conformal anomaly as a J · A interaction analogous to electromagnetism. The conserved 3-current J describes the worldtube of 2-surfaces that separate regions of differing vacuum energy. The resulting EFT thus replaces the fixed constant Λ of classical gravity, and its apparently unnaturally large sensitivity to UV physics, with a dynamical condensate whose ground state value in empty flat space is Λeff = 0 identically. By allowing Λeff to vary rapidly near the 2-surface of a black hole horizon, the proposed EFT of dynamical vacuum energy provides an effective Lagrangian framework for gravitational condensate stars, as the final state of complete gravitational collapse consistent with quantum theory. The possible consequences of dynamical vacuum dark energy for cosmology, the cosmic coincidence problem, and the role of conformal invariance for other fine tuning issues in the Standard Model are discussed.
Analysis of a dimension splitting scheme for Maxwell equations with low regularity in heterogeneous media
Authors: Zerulla Konstantin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe analyze a dimension splitting scheme for the time integration of linear Maxwell equations in a heterogeneous cuboid. The domain contains several homogeneous subcuboids and serves as a model for a rectangular embedded waveguide. Due to discontinuities of the material parameters and irregular initial data, the solution of the Maxwell system has regularity below $$H^1$$

H
1

. The splitting scheme is adapted to the arising singularities and is shown to converge with order one in $$L^2$$

L
2

. The error result only imposes assumptions on the model parameters and the initial data, but not on the unknown solution. To achieve this result, the regularity of the Maxwell system is analyzed in detail, giving rise to sharp explicit regularity statements. In particular, the regularity parameters are given in explicit terms of the largest jump of the material parameters. The analysis is based on semigroup theory, interpolation theory, and regularity analysis for elliptic transmission problems.
Long-term physical and psychological outcome following traumatic hemipelvectomy
Authors: Patrick Galland , Christian Krettek , Jennifer Ernst , Stephan Sehmisch , Sebastian Decker 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
First time examination of the physical and psychological long-term outcome following traumatic hemipelvectomy.

Methodology
In this study, all patients suffering from traumatic hemipelvectomy that were treated in a level-A trauma center since 1988 were retrospectively evaluated. The authors aimed to compare the physical and psychological outcome following primary amputation (A) vs. limb-preservation (LP) procedures. The patients were examined with a focus on pain, function, mobility and general health. As part of this examination, various scores were recorded, i.e., Majeed Score, Time up & Go or SF-36.

Results
The following work showed 13 patients who had suffered a traumatic hemipelvectomy, 8 of whom survived. Five of these were available for subsequent clinical re-examination; of these, three patients underwent an amputation, while limb preservation was performed on two patients. Mean follow-up of the amputee group was after 12 years compared to 6.5 years following limb preservation. After limb preservation, both patients reported phantom limb pain at the affected leg, despite pain medication. The general state of health was assessed as 82/100 (A) and 45/100 (LP). The Majeed score was 61 (A) vs. 45 (LP). In the clinical examination, three out of five patients (2 LP, 1 A) showed peroneal palsy (PP). In the quality-of-life analysis based on the SF12/36 and the NHP, amputees scored higher than the patients who underwent limb preservation surgery.

Conclusion
In our small patient cohort, satisfaction, pain and mobility tend to be better following primary amputation compared to limb preserving surgery.
COVID-19-Impfintention von Eltern bezogen auf ihre Kinder
Authors: Brandstetter Susanne , Pawellek Maja , Böhmer Merle M. , Köninger Angela , Melter Michael , Kabesch Michael , Apfelbacher Christian ,   KUNO-Kids Study Group
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit Beginn der Impfkampagne hat eine neue Phase der Bewältigung der Coronapandemie begonnen. Zulassung und Empfehlung für die COVID-19-Impfung von Kindern folgten schrittweise; bis heute (mit Stand vom 04.10.2022) sind in Deutschland Impfungen für Kinder unter 5 Jahren nicht zugelassen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war es, zu untersuchen, wie sich die COVID-19-Impfintention von Eltern bezogen auf ihre Kinder von Mai 2020 bis Februar 2021 (von der ersten zur zweiten Coronawelle) entwickelte und welche Determinanten der Impfintention es gibt.

Methoden
612 Familien, die mit ihrem Kind im Alter zwischen 1,5 und 6 Jahren an der KUNO Kids Gesundheitsstudie teilnehmen, beantworteten im Mai 2020 Fragen eines Online-Surveys (Teilnahmerate 51 %), 507 nahmen an der Wiederholungsbefragung im Februar 2021 teil. Determinanten der Impfintention wurden für beide Zeitpunkte in uni- und multivariablen logistischen Regressionsmodellen analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Während 51 % der Eltern im Mai 2020 angaben, ihr Kind gegen COVID-19 impfen lassen zu wollen, reduzierte sich dieser Anteil bis Februar 2021 auf 41 %. Zu mindestens einem der beiden Zeitpunkte waren Gesundheitskompetenz sowie die wahrgenommene Kompetenz bzgl. Schutzmaßnahmen gegen das Virus signifikant positiv mit einer höheren Impfintention assoziiert, die Zugehörigkeit von Angehörigen zu einer Risikogruppe sowie der Eindruck, dass die politischen Maßnahmen übertrieben seien, ging mit einer niedrigeren Impfintention einher.

Diskussion
Die Intention, das Kind gegen COVID-19 impfen zu lassen, war nur mäßig ausgeprägt und nahm zur zweiten Coronawelle weiter ab. Einstellungs- und kompetenzbezogene Determinanten waren zu beiden Zeitpunkten wichtig und könnten in einer künftigen Impfkampagne, die Eltern jüngerer Kinder adressiert, gezielt berücksichtigt werden.
Sakrale Fragilitätsfrakturen: Risikofaktoren und Ergebnisse nach Zementsakroplastie
Authors: Andresen Julian Ramin , Radmer Sebastian , Prokop Axel , Schröder Guido , Schober Hans-Christof , Andresen Reimer 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel der Untersuchung bei PatientInnen mit Fragilitätsfrakturen des Os sacrum (FFS) war die Erfassung von vorhandenen Risikofaktoren sowie der klinischen Ergebnisse nach Zementsakroplastie (ZSP).

PatientInnen und Methoden
Retrospektiv wurden 68 PatientInnen (64 Frauen, 4 Männer) mit stattgehabten FFS nachuntersucht. Anhand von CT- und MRT-Schnittbildern erfolgte eine Fraktureinteilung nach Denis et al. sowie Rommens und Hofmann. Bei allen PatientInnen wurde eine Knochenmineralgehaltsbestimmung mittels QCT durchgeführt. Unter Berücksichtigung von Anamnese und Röntgenaufnahmen wurden Begleiterkrankungen sowie zentrale und periphere Frakturen miterfasst. Vitamin-D-Werte wurden zusätzlich bestimmt. Nach einem frustranen konservativen Therapieversuch erfolgte eine ZSP. Anhand der Schmerzentwicklung, der körperlichen Selbstständigkeit, der PatientInnen-Zufriedenheit, der Komplikationsrate und der Mortalität wurden die Ergebnisse dokumentiert.

Ergebnisse
Das Alter der Frauen betrugt Ø 83,2 (72–99), dass der Männer Ø 77,8 (76–85) Jahre. Zu 42,4 % fand sich eine Denis-Typ-1-, zu 4,2 % eine Denis-Typ-2-, zu 0 % eine Denis-Typ-3-, zu 43,3 % eine Denis-Typ-1–2- und zu 10,1 % eine Denis-Typ-1–2–3-Frakturzone. Es fand sich ein FFP-Typ-II a-bis -II c-Frakturgeschehen zu 88,2 %, ein FFP-Typ III c zu 7,4 % sowie ein FFP-Typ IV b zu 4,4 %. Bei 68,8 % fanden sich bilaterale FFS. Der Knochenmineralgehalt (KMG) betrug im Ø 35,4 (2–74) mg/ml, der Vitamin-D-Wert im Ø 8,8 (0–28) nmol/l. Weitere osteoporoseassoziierte Frakturen fanden sich in circa 50 %. Nach der ZSP zeigten die PatientInnen eine schnelle und signifikante (p < 0,001) Schmerzreduktion sowie nachhaltige klinische Verbesserung.

Schlussfolgerung
Als Frakturrisikofaktoren von FFS fanden sich das weibliche Geschlecht, das hohe Alter, eine vorhandene Osteoporose und ein schwerer Vitamin-D-Mangel. PatientInnen mit nichtdislozierten FFS, welche schmerzbedingt nicht zu mobilisieren waren, profitierten von einer ZSP nachhaltig.
Dopamine increases risky choice while D2 blockade shortens decision time
Authors: Hirschbichler Stephanie T. , Rothwell John C. , Manohar Sanjay G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDopamine is crucially involved in decision-making and overstimulation within dopaminergic pathways can lead to impulsive behaviour, including a desire to take risks and reduced deliberation before acting. These behavioural changes are side effects of treatment with dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson disease, but their likelihood of occurrence is difficult to predict and may be influenced by the individual’s baseline endogenous dopamine state, and indeed correlate with sensation-seeking personality traits. We here collected data on a standard gambling task in healthy volunteers given either placebo, 2.5 mg of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol or 100/25 mg of the dopamine precursor levodopa in a within-subject design. We found an increase in risky choices on levodopa. Choices were, however, made faster on haloperidol with no effect of levodopa on deliberation time. Shortened deliberation times on haloperidol occurred in low sensation-seekers only, suggesting a correlation between sensation-seeking personality trait and baseline dopamine levels. We hypothesise that levodopa increases risk-taking behaviour via overstimulation at both D1 and D2 receptor level, while a single low dose of haloperidol, as previously reported (Frank and O’Reilly 2006), may block D2 receptors pre- and post-synaptically and may paradoxically lead to higher striatal dopamine acting on remaining striatal D1 receptors, causing speedier decision without influencing risk tolerance. These effects could also fit with a recently proposed computational model of the basal ganglia (Moeller and Bogacz 2019; Moeller et al. 2021). Furthermore, our data suggest that the actual dopaminergic drug effect may be dependent on the individual’s baseline dopamine state, which may influence our therapeutic decision as clinicians in the future.
Sources of vitamin D and determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Finnish adolescents
Authors: Soininen Sonja , Eloranta Aino-Maija , Schwab Ursula , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To study the intake and sources of vitamin D and determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) in Finnish adolescents.

Methods
We studied 265 adolescents (117 girls) aged 15–17 years attending 8-year examinations of the PANIC Study, assessed diet using food records and other lifestyle factors by questionnaires, and analyzed S-25(OH)D by chemiluminescence immunoassay and determinants of S-25(OH)D using multivariate linear regression.

Results
Mean (standard deviation) of total vitamin D intake from food and supplements was 19.2 (13.1) µg/d, and that of dietary vitamin D intake was 9.9 (5.4) µg/d. Milk fortified with vitamin D was the main dietary source of vitamin D, providing 45% of daily intake. Altogether, 29% of the adolescents used no vitamin D supplements and 25% did not meet the recommended total vitamin D intake of 10 µg/d. Mean (standard deviation) of S-25(OH)D was 62.0 (18.8) nmol/l, and S-25(OH)D was < 50 nmol/l in 29.5% of the adolescents. Vitamin D intake from supplements was the main determinant of S-25(OH)D (β = 0.465, p < 0.001), followed by consumption of milk products (β = 0.251, p < 0.001), consumption of meat products (β = 0.179, p = 0.002), travels to sunny countries (β = 0.178, p = 0.002), and average daylight time (β = 0.162, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Most of the adolescents had vitamin D intake at the recommended level, although a fourth did not meet the recommended total vitamin D intake of 10 µg/d and almost a third had S-25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l. More attention should be paid to the sufficient intake of vitamin D in adolescents who do not use vitamin D supplements or fortified milk products.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01803776, registered March 3, 2013.
Partial body cryotherapy exposure drives acute redistribution of circulating lymphocytes: preliminary findings
Authors: Rose Catriona L. , McGuire Helen , Graham Kenneth , Siegler Jason , de St Groth Barbara Fazekas , Caillaud Corinne , Edwards Kate M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPartial body cryotherapy (PBC) is proposed to alleviate symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) by reducing associated inflammation. No studies have assessed acute PBC exposure on peripheral blood mononuclear cell mobilisation or compared these with cold water immersion (CWI), which may inform how PBC impacts inflammatory processes. This trial examined the impact of a single PBC exposure on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to CWI or a control. 26 males were randomised into either PBC (3 min at − 110 to − 140 °C), CWI (3 min at 9 °C), or control (3 min at 24 °C), with blood samples, heart rate, and blood pressure taken before and after exposure. Cytometric analysis determined that CD8+T-cell populations were significantly elevated after treatments, with PBC increasing CD8+T cells to a greater degree than either CWI or CON. Natural killer cell counts were also elevated after PBC, with the increase attributed specifically to the CD56loCD16+cytotoxic subset. This provides the first evidence for the effect of PBC exposure on redistribution of immune cells. An increase in circulating leukocyte subsets such as CD8+T cells and CD56loCD16+natural killer cells suggests that PBC may induce a transient mobilisation of lymphocytes. PBC may thus enable a more efficient trafficking of these cells from the circulation to the site of initial cellular insult from exercise, potentially accelerating the process of cellular recovery. This provides novel evidence on the use of PBC as a recovery treatment and may also have applicability in other clinical settings involving the recovery of damaged skeletal muscle.
Learning and generalization of repetition-based rules in autism
Authors: Bettoni Roberta , Addabbo Margaret , Ghidina Chiara , Pezzana Chiara , Vagni David , Turati Chiara , Bulf Hermann 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRule Learning (RL) allows us to extract and generalize high-order rules from a sequence of elements. Despite the critical role of RL in the acquisition of linguistic and social abilities, no study has investigated RL processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Here, we investigated RL in high-functioning autistic adolescents with ASD, examining whether their ability to extract and generalize rules from a sequence of visual elements is affected by the social vs. non-social nature of the stimulus and by visual working memory (WM). Using a forced-choice paradigm, ASD adolescents and typically developing (TD) peers were tested for their ability to detect and generalize high-order, repetition-based rules from visual sequences of simple non-social stimuli (shapes), complex non-social stimuli (inverted faces), and social stimuli (upright face). Both ASD and TD adolescents were able to generalize the rule they had learned to new stimuli, and their ability was modulated by the social nature of the stimuli and the complexity of the rule. Moreover, an association between RL and WM was found in the ASD, but not TD group, suggesting that ASD might have used additional or alternative strategies that relied on visual WM resources.
Vitamin requirements during stem cell transplantation: a systematic review
Authors: Segon Bronwyn , Lam Leroy , Chan Hei Yan , Andersen Sarah , Brown Teresa , Kenway D’Arcy , Bauer Judy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPatients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT) are at high risk of malnutrition during the acute post-transplantation period. This systematic review aimed to collate and analyse the evidence for vitamin requirements post-SCT. A systematic search of five databases was conducted to include studies published until March 2021. The review utilised the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework. Inclusion criteria consisted of adults undergoing SCT who received vitamin supplementation or had their vitamin levels monitored up to 100 days post-SCT. Studies with paediatric patients or those that looked at vitamin derivates such as folinic acid were excluded. Main outcomes included vitamin deficiency and relevant clinical outcomes. Eleven studies (n = 11) were eligible for inclusion with five rated as neutral quality and six as positive quality. Five studies focused on allogenic SCT, two on autologous SCT and the remaining included a mix of both. Eight studies monitored vitamins levels post-SCT, and seven studies provided vitamin supplementation. Three studies (one provided supplementation) found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (23–60%) prior to SCT. Findings indicate an unclear association between vitamin deficiency and post-SCT complications including acute graft-versus-host-disease, oral mucositis, and mortality. The GRADE certainty of evidence across these outcomes was low or very low. It is unclear if supplementation is needed during SCT, though assessing vitamin D levels prior to transplant should be considered. Further large observational studies or randomised control trials are required to establish vitamin requirements and guide supplementation protocols during SCT.