bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially balanced sampling methods are always more precise than random ones for estimating the size of aggregated populations
Authors: Perret Jan , Charpentier Anne , Pradel Roger , Papuga Guillaume , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Population size is a crucial parameter for both ecological research and conservation planning. When individuals are aggregated, estimating the size of a population through sampling raises methodological challenges, as the high variance between sampling units leads to imprecise estimates. Choosing the right sample design depending on the population aggregation level could improve the precision of estimates; however, this is difficult because studies comparing sample designs for aggregated populations have been limited to a few populations and sampling designs, so their results cannot be generalised.

To address this gap, we combined simulations of spatial point populations and field counts of three plant species to compare the relative precision of estimates between three sampling methods: simple random sampling (SRS), systematic sampling (SYS) and spatially balanced sampling (SBS). Comparisons were performed on density and aggregation gradients for a range of sample sizes.

Our simulations showed that SYS and SBS were always more precise than SRS when individuals were aggregated, reducing sampling variance up to 80% and 60%. The highest precision for estimating population size was always obtained when the average distance between sampling units equalled the diameter of the clusters (i.e. the groups of individuals). The difference in precision was similar for the natural populations, with sampling variance lowered by up to 75% (SYS) and 60% (SBS) compared to SRS.

These findings lead us to recommend using SYS or SBS rather than SRS to estimate population size when individuals are spatially aggregated, as these consistently provide more precise estimates. Assessing cluster diameters in the field enables a quick assessment of the potential gain in precision to expect, and thus the best choice of sampling method depending on the trade‐off between precision and field constraints.
Australian National Aged Care Classification behaviour assessment and people living with dementia in residential aged care: Inclusive language for reform?
Authors: Wesson Jacqueline , du Toit Sanetta Henrietta Johanna , Wales Kylie , Gresham Meredith , Flavin Theresa , Brodaty Henry 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the language of the behaviour assessment in the new Australian National Aged Care Classification (AN‐ACC) funding instrument. We explored whether the (BRUA) will support an inclusive and progressive approach for people living with dementia in residential aged care.MethodsDatabases were searched to identify publicly available literature relating to the development of the AN‐ACC and BRUA, and hand searches of reference lists and selected websites were completed to identify additional grey literature, dementia language and best practice guidelines. Criteria for language use were extracted and compared with the BRUA in the light of the current national aged care reform agenda, as well as research with and perspectives of people with lived experience of dementia.ResultsThe language within the BRUA did not align with international dementia language guidelines, and the content presented was disrespectful to those with lived experience. The assessment appears inconsistent with international best practices and is potentially discriminatory within the aged care cohort.ConclusionsThe BRUA is intended as a funding instrument and not as a care planning tool, yet the negative representation of the lived experience of people with dementia embedded within a mandated assessment is likely to influence industry practice by condoning unsuitable language and attitudes amongst assessors, providers and staff. For better alignment with the current positive agenda for aged care reform in Australia, we recommend continued review and updating of this tool to avoid unintended consequences.
Increased risk of psoriasis: An immune sequela of herpes zoster? Evidence from a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chen Yu‐Wen , Shen Amy , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Yeh Chih‐Jung 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSeveral cases of herpes zoster‐induced psoriasis have been reported in the literature.ObjectiveOur nationwide retrospective cohort study is designed to examine the risk association between herpes zoster and psoriasis.MethodsFrom the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 26,623 patients from 1999 to 2013 with a diagnosis of herpes zoster and no prior history of psoriasis were selected as the study subjects. The control group was established during the study period from those without a herpes zoster diagnosis and was propensity score matched to minimize confounding factors. Both cohorts were followed for cases of psoriasis development. Data analysis was done via Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox Proportional‐Hazards Models.ResultsComparing the study group to control, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.31–2.13: p < 0.05) after adjusting for covariates (age, gender, urbanization, selected comorbidities and selected medications use). Statistical analysis found no interaction effect among herpes zoster and other covariates for risk modification of psoriasis development.ConclusionThis study demonstrated an increased risk of psoriasis in patients diagnosed with herpes zoster.
Is helping you helping me? The assessment of helping others using event sampling methodology in a clinical and a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Gloster Andrew T. , Rinner Marcia T. B. , Haller Elisa , Hoyer Jürgen , Mikoteit Thorsten , Imboden Christian , Hatzinger Martin , Bader Klaus , Miché Marcel , Lieb Roselind , Meyer Andrea H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and social phobia (SP) have difficulties in social interactions. It is unknown, however, whether such difficulties prevent them from helping others, thereby depriving them of the natural benefits of helping, such as receiving gratitude. Using event sampling methodology (ESM), individuals (MDD, n = 118; SP, n = 47; and control group, n = 119) responded to questions about the frequency of helping, in total at 5333 time points, and their well‐being. Contrary to our hypothesis, individuals in the MDD, SP and control group did not differ in their helping frequency. Results did show an association between helping and well‐being, such that helping is related to well‐being and well‐being to helping. Understanding the complex relation of helping others and well‐being and how this might be used during therapy and prevention programmes are discussed.
Rapid ex vivo reverse genetics identifies the essential determinants of prion protein toxicity
Authors: Reimann Regina R. , Puzio Martina , Rosati Antonella , Emmenegger Marc , Schneider Bernard L. , Valdés Pamela , Huang Danzhi , Caflisch Amedeo , Aguzzi Adriano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cellular prion protein PrPC mediates the neurotoxicity of prions and other protein aggregates through poorly understood mechanisms. Antibody‐derived ligands against the globular domain of PrPC (GDL) can also initiate neurotoxicity by inducing an intramolecular R208‐H140 hydrogen bond (“H‐latch”) between the α2‐α3 and β2‐α2 loops of PrPC. Importantly, GDL that suppresses the H‐latch prolong the life of prion‐infected mice, suggesting that GDL toxicity and prion infections exploit convergent pathways. To define the structural underpinnings of these phenomena, we transduced 19 individual PrPC variants to PrPC‐deficient cerebellar organotypic cultured slices using adenovirus‐associated viral vectors (AAV). We report that GDL toxicity requires a single N‐proximal cationic residue (K27 or R27) within PrPC. Alanine substitution of K27 also prevented the toxicity of PrPC mutants that induce Shmerling syndrome, a neurodegenerative disease that is suppressed by co‐expression of wild‐type PrPC. K27 may represent an actionable target for compounds aimed at preventing prion‐related neurodegeneration.
Comparison between renal pelvic and ureteral tumors in muscle‐invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Qiwei Chen , Jiajun Shi , Cheng Liang , Shengbo Huang , Yue Kuai , Shujing Wang , Liu Wenlong , Xinqing Zhu , Hongyu Wang , Deyong Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough renal pelvic and ureteral urothelial carcinoma share similarities in their origins, disparities on a genetic and clinical level make them divergent entities. Clinical information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to validate the characteristics and molecular subtypes using single‐center data, which were compared between the two types of muscle‐invasive tumors. Simultaneously, to expand the sample size for further verification, we explored a deep learning algorithm to correctly classify molecular subtypes from H&E histology slides. We suggested that the renal pelvic group might have a proclivity towards luminal and the ureter towards basal and P53‐like. Furthermore, we explore the heterogeneity of matrix and immune tumor microenvironment, and the ureteral group had more immune cell infiltration and higher stiffness. Collectively, these results showed that muscle‐invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma exist in distinct properties of clinical characteristics, molecular subtype, and tumor microenvironment.
Chance events in managers' careers: Positive and negative events, their expected and unexpected outcomes
Authors: Legrand Celine , Naschberger Christine , Baruch Yehuda , Bozionelos Nikos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCurrent literature focuses on factors that explain career success but mostly ignores the role of chance events and the way they affect careers. Furthermore, the literature does not distinguish between different types of chance events and their outcomes. We draw on 682 questionnaires with both qualitative and quantitative elements completed by managers in a major European country, more than 60% of whom indicated they had experienced a significant chance event that had influenced their career. While the majority reported positive events that led to positive career outcomes, substantial numbers reported other scenarios of perceived event‐impact cases (e.g., approximately 16% reported a negative event that had positive career consequences). Qualitative analysis revealed specific attributes of a four‐quadrant framework, whereas quantitative analysis compared the groups regarding career‐related outcomes and psychological characteristics that reflect career orientations. Some of the differences between the groups are counterintuitive. Our study makes a unique and original contribution by uncovering the role of chance events in careers.
Extended PROMETHEE approach with 2‐tuple linguistic m‐polar fuzzy sets for selection of elliptical cardio machine
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Noreen Uzma , Pamucar Dragan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is an outranking series of multi‐attribute decision making used to assess a finite collection of alternatives based on conflicting criteria. One of its significant benefits is its adjustability in response to a set of acceptable preference functions that may quantify the differences between alternatives conditional on the kind and structure of the criteria. This article offers the novel approach of the PROMETHEE method, named the 2TLmF PROMETHEE method, which combines the multi‐polarity with linguistic information of decision problems. The customary procedure of the offered technique begins with the normalized weights of the attributes assigned by decision‐makers. After that, Gaussian and the usual preference functions are utilized to determine the preferences of the alternatives. The ultimate choice is based on the alternative's positive and negative outranking flow. The positive outranking demonstrates how one alternative outranks all other options, while the negative preference flow implies an alternative is superior to all other options. There are several modifications to the PROMETHEE approach, two of which are discussed in this article. The first is PROMETHEE I, which uses positive and negative preference flows to generate a partial ranking. Secondly, PROMETHEE II gives a comprehensive rating list based on the net flow, representing the balance of positive and negative preference flows. Further, a comprehensive flowchart is used to show the entire picture of the proposed methodology. As an application, a real‐life situation related to selecting an elliptical machine for a home gym is chosen to illustrate the transparency and reliability of the presented work. Finally, a comparative study is carried out to illustrate the strength and applicability of the proposed method.
Established and emerging roles for mitochondria in neutrophils
Authors: Peng Shuang , Gao Jian , Stojkov Darko , Yousefi Shida , Simon Hans‐Uwe 
Published: November 2022

SummaryNeutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells in human blood, emerging as important players in a variety of diseases. Mitochondria are bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles critical for cell fate and function. Mitochondria have been overlooked in neutrophil research owing to the conventional view that neutrophils contain few, if any, competent mitochondria and do not rely on these organelles for adenosine triphosphate production. A growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondria participate in neutrophil biology at many levels, ranging from neutrophil development to chemotaxis, effector function, and cell death. Moreover, mitochondria and mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, can be released by neutrophils to eliminate infection and/or shape immune response, depending on the specific context. In this review, we provide an update on the functional role of mitochondria in neutrophils, highlight mitochondria as key players in modulating the neutrophil phenotype and function during infection and inflammation, and discuss the possibilities and challenges to exploit the unique aspects of mitochondria in neutrophils for disease treatment.
Relationship between carotid intima‐media thickness and periodontal disease in a Japanese urban population with and without hypertension: The Suita Study
Authors: Kida Momoyo , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Kosaka Takayuki , Ono Takahiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Watanabe Makoto , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Ikebe Kazunori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis and to examine whether the association is modified by hypertension status.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 1472 Japanese individuals aged 50–79 years who underwent a medical check‐up, dental examination, and carotid ultrasonography were studied. Carotid atherosclerosis was expressed as the maximum and mean carotid intima‐media thickness (max‐IMT, mean‐IMT) and the presence of stenosis (≥75%). Periodontal status was examined by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI, codes 0–4). The participants were divided into three groups according to the periodontal status (CPI0–2, CPI3, CPI4).ResultsA positive correlation was found between mean‐IMT and periodontal disease after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors in the entire cohort (mean‐IMT in hypertensives: CPI0–2: 0.848 mm, CPI3: 0.857 mm, CPI4: 0.877 mm; normotensives: 0.782, 0.802, 0.826). In the entire cohort, the multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio of stenosis based on mean‐IMT significantly increased according to periodontal status in normotensives (odds ratio; CPI0–2: 1, CPI3: 1.39, CPI4: 2.53; p‐value for trend = .004) but showed only marginal significant increase in hypertensives (1, 1.15, 1.55; p‐value for trend = .063). No significant relationships were observed for max‐IMT in all analyses.ConclusionWe observed an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis in normotensive and hypertensive participants.
Acral lamellar ichthyosis with amino acid substitution in the C‐terminus of keratin 2
Authors: Frommherz Leonie , Komlosi Katalin , Hewel Charlotte , Kopp Julia , Dewenter Malin , Zimmer Andreas , Bartsch Oliver , Linke Matthias , Technau‐Hafsi Kristin , Gerber Susanne , Fischer Judith , Has Cristina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost cases of hereditary ichthyoses present with generalized scaling and skin dryness. However, in some cases skin involvement is restricted to particular body regions as in acral lamellar ichthyosis.ObjectivesWe report on the genetic basis of acral ichthyosis in two families presenting with a similar phenotype.MethodsGenetic testing was performed by targeted next generation sequencing and whole‐exome sequencing. For identity‐by‐descent analysis, the parents were genotyped and data analysis was performed with the Chromosome Analysis Suite Software. RT‐PCR with RNA extracted from skin samples was used to analyse the effect of variants on splicing.ResultsGenetic testing identified a few heterozygous variants, but only the variant in KRT2 c.1912 T > C, p.Phe638Leu segregated with the disease and remained the strongest candidate. Pairwise identity‐by‐descent analysis revealed no indication of family relationship. Phenylalanine 638 is the second last amino acid upstream of the termination codon in the tail of K2, and substitution to leucine is predicted as probably damaging. Assessment of the variant is difficult, in part due to the lack of crystal structures of this region.ConclusionsAltogether, we show that a type of autosomal dominant acral ichthyosis is most probably caused by an amino acid substitution in the C‐terminus of keratin 2.
RSC3K of soybean cv. Kefeng No.1 confers resistance to soybean mosaic virus by interacting with the viral protein P3
Authors: Jin Tongtong , Yin Jinlong , Wang Tao , Xue Song , Li Bowen , Zong Tingxuan , Yang Yunhua , Liu Hui , Liu Mengzhuo , Xu Kai , Wang Liqun , Xing Guangnan , Zhi Haijian , Li Kai 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr). In total, 22 Chinese SMV strains (SC1–SC22) have been classified based on the responses of 10 soybean cultivars to these pathogens. However, although several SMV‐resistance loci in soybean have been identified, no gene conferring SMV resistance in the resistant soybean cultivar (cv.) Kefeng No.1 has been cloned and verified. Here, using F2‐derived F3 (F2:3) and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations from a cross between Kefeng No.1 and susceptible soybean cv. Nannong 1138‐2, we localized the gene in Kefeng No.1 that mediated resistance to SMV‐SC3 strain to a 90‐kb interval on chromosome 2. To study the functions of candidate genes in this interval, we performed Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)‐induced gene silencing (VIGS). We identified a recombinant gene (which we named RSC3K) harboring an internal deletion of a genomic DNA fragment partially flanking the LOC100526921 and LOC100812666 reference genes as the SMV‐SC3 resistance gene. By shuffling genes between infectious SMV DNA clones based on the avirulent isolate SC3 and virulent isolate 1129, we determined that the viral protein P3 is the avirulence determinant mediating SMV‐SC3 resistance on Kefeng No.1. P3 interacts with RNase proteins encoded by RSC3K, LOC100526921, and LOC100812666. The recombinant RSC3K conveys much higher anti‐SMV activity than LOC100526921 and LOC100812666, although those two genes also encode proteins that inhibit SMV accumulation, as revealed by gene silencing in a susceptible cultivar and by overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana. These findings demonstrate that RSC3K mediates the resistance of Kefeng No.1 to SMV‐SC3 and that SMV resistance of soybean is determined by the antiviral activity of RNase proteins.
Trainees' perceptions of being allowed to fail in clinical training: A sense‐making model
Authors: Klasen Jennifer M. , Teunissen Pim W. , Driessen Erik , Lingard Lorelei A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical supervisors allow trainees to fail during clinical situations when trainee learning outweighs concerns for patient safety. Trainees perceive failure as both educationally valuable and emotionally draining; however, the nuance of supervised failures has not been researched from the trainee perspective. This study explored trainees' awareness and their experience of failure and allowed failure to understand those events in‐depth.MethodsWe interviewed 15 postgraduate trainees from nine teaching sites in Europe and Canada. Participants were a purposive sample, representing 1–10 years of clinical training in various specialties. Consistent with constructivist grounded theory, data collection and analysis were iterative, supporting theoretical sampling to explore themes.ResultsTrainees reported that failure was a common, valuable, and emotional experience. They perceived that supervisors allowed failure, but they reported never having it explicitly confirmed or discussed. Therefore, trainees tried to make sense of these events on their own. If they interpreted a failure as allowed by the supervisor, trainees sought to ascertain supervisory intentions. They described situations where they judged supervisor's intentions to be constructive or destructive.DiscussionOur results confirm that trainees perceive their failures as valuable learning opportunities. In the absence of explicit conversations with supervisors, trainees tried to make sense of failures themselves. When trainees judge that they have been allowed to fail, their interpretation of the event is coloured by their attribution of supervisor intentions. Perceived intentions might impact the educational benefit of the experience. In order to support trainees' sense‐making, we suggest that supervisory conversations during and after failure events should use more explicit language to discuss failures and explain supervisory intentions.