bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Prescriptions for Insomnia in a Province in China Between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Lou Guodong , Yu Zhenwei , Chen Liying , Zhou Yiting , Zhang Lisan 
Published: June 2022

Background:The inappropriate use of pharmacological treatments for insomnia may increase patients' risk of serious adverse events. However, few epidemiological studies on the use of medications for insomnia in China have been conducted to date.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the current pharmacological treatments for insomnia and guide the rational use of drugs.MethodsThe prescription data of outpatients with insomnia between 2015 and 2019 in Zhejiang province were extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project of China and evaluated. The demographic characteristics of insomnia and the proportion and prescription trends of different drugs were analyzed along with multidrug combinations for insomnia.ResultsThe number of patients with insomnia who were prescribed medications for insomnia increased from 2,385 in 2015 to 3,919 in 2019, with an increase of 64.32%, whereas the mean age of these patients decreased from 64.07 years to 60.94 years. There were nearly 1.42 times as many female patients prescribed medications for insomnia as male patients, and female patients tended to be younger than male patients. Benzodiazepines (53.99%) were the most common type of medicine for insomnia. The incidence of benzodiazepine usage decreased significantly yearly (P &lt; 0.01), whereas the incidences of non-benzodiazepine receptor agonist (nBZRA) and antidepressant usage increased (P &lt; 0.05). The most common benzodiazepine, nBZRA, antidepressant, and antipsychotic were estazolam, zolpidem, trazodone, and olanzapine, respectively. A total of 13.97% of outpatients with insomnia were prescribed multiple drugs for insomnia, even though nearly half of the drug combinations had similar pharmacological mechanisms.ConclusionsBenzodiazepines remained the most common medication for insomnia, but the prescription rates of nBZRAs and antidepressants increased. Attention should be paid to multidrug combinations for insomnia, which may lead to an increased risk of serious adverse effects.
Trends and Disparities in the Incidence of Intraocular Foreign Bodies 1990–2019: A Global Analysis
Authors: Yuan Minjie , Lu Qianyi 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to provide trends and disparities in the incidence of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries by region, country, socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and sex.MethodsThe global, regional and national number of incident cases as well as age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of IOFBs were attained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). To estimate the trend of ASIR of IOFBs, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated from 1990 to 2019.ResultsGlobally, although ASIR of IOFBs decreased with an EAPC of −0.93% [95% uncertainty interval (UI) −1.1 to −0.76] from 1990 to 2019, ASIR of IOFBs increased from 2008 to 2019. From 35.79 million (95% UI 23.62–50.89) in 1990 to 46.63 million (95% UI 32.45–64.45) in 2019, the number of IOFB incident cases worldwide increased by 30.29% (95% UI 19.63–43.55). The incidence of IOFBs varied by region and country, and it was closely related to socio-economic development. Furthermore, while ASIR of IOFBs was high in the young population aged 15–49 years, we observed a significant increase in the number of IOFB incident cases in older adults when compared to other age groups. In terms of sex, males accounted for the vast majority of IOFB incident cases.ConclusionsThe global ASIR of IOFBs is on the rise, with an increase in incident cases, designating IOFBs as a global health challenge. The incidence of IOFBs cases is directly related to geographic location, socio-economic status, age, sex, and other factors. Our findings could be useful for the control and prevention of IOFBs.
Exposure to Electronic Media, Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Among Guyanese Adults
Authors: Shao Liming , Zhang Ting , Chen Yanyan , Ghose Bishwajit , Ji Lu 
Published: June 2022

Use of electronic media has been shown to be associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption behavior among adult population. Currently, not much is known about the risk factors of tobacco and alcohol consumption in Guyana. The present study aimed to explore the association between exposure to electronic media and tobacco and alcohol consumption by adjusting for the sociodemographic correlates.MethodsData were obtained from the sixth round of Guyana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 2019–20). Sample population were 2,208 men and 5,872 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Outcome variables were self-reported lifetime use of tobacco and alcohol, and the main explanatory variables were the use of electronic media such as internet, television and radio. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariable regression analysis in Stata version 17.ResultsOverall, 55.5% (95% CI = 53.4, 57.6) men and 44.5% (95% CI = 42.4, 46.6) women reported ever smoking tobacco, while the percentage of ever drinking alcohol was 34.2% (95% CI = 32.9, 35.4) and 65.8% (95% CI = 64.6, 67.1) among men and women, respectively. Internet users had significantly higher odds of ever consuming tobacco and alcohol, however, the association was not uniform across the sociodemographic variables. For smoking, the positive association with internet use was observed for women only (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.59), whereas, for alcohol consumption the association with internet use was significantly positive among both men (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.58, 2.09) and women (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.22, 2.70). Men and women who ever tried alcohol drinking had (OR = 4.64, 95% CI = 3.16, 6.82) and (OR = 10.62, 95% CI = 7.83, 14.40) times higher odds of trying tobacco smoking.ConclusionCurrent findings indicate over a quarter of the participants reported ever smoking tobacco and more than three-fifths ever drinking alcohol. Electronic media use, especially that of internet, is a strong predictor of tobacco and alcohol consumption among Guyanese adults. Results also revealed a strong interrelation between alcohol and tobacco smoking, and suggesting that strengthening the tobacco prevention programs may reduce the prevalence of alcohol drinking as well.
Level of Late Initiation of Antenatal Care Visit and Associated Factors Amongst Antenatal Care Attendant Mothers in Gedo General Hospital, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Debelo Bikila Tefera , Danusa Kababa Temesgen 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAntenatal care is a care given for pregnant women and is taken as a key maternal care service in improving and keeping health of both life outcomes for mothers and newborns. Countries with low antenatal care coverage are the countries with very high maternal mortality ratios.ObjectiveHence, The aim of this study was to determine the level of late initiation of antenatal care visit and associated factors amongst antenatal care follow up in Antenatal care (ANC) services at Gedo General Hospital, Western Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021MethodologyA health facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted from July 10–30, 2021 using primary data review and face-to-face interviews among clients receiving ANC. A total of 347 mothers was selected by simple random sampling and were interviewed while they come to antenatal care follow-up in Gedo general hospital. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and then changed to SPSS version 23 for the analysis purpose. Those Variables which are P &lt; 0.25 in binary logistic regression were selected as a candidate for multiple logistic regressions to determine independently associated factors. The adjusted odds ratio was employed with 95% CI to illustrate the strength of association and P &lt; 0.05 was used to state a statistical significance.ResultAmong 330 women, about 58.5% of women came for their first ANC visit initiation lately. Being a housewife, having a family size &gt;4, and having a distance from the health facility &gt;1 h were higher odds of late first ANC visit initiation as compared to vice versa. Besides, women aged 20–24 years had 0.18 times and 25–29 years had lower odds of late first ANC visit initiationConclusionMajority of women began their first antenatal care initiation lately. Therefore, the provision of awareness on the significance of attending the first antenatal care early via health extension workers is recommended
Reduction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Improved Z-Axis Alignment of the Entire Spine When Treating a Symptomatic Patient Using a Multidisciplinary Approach: A Case Report
Authors: Villa Juan Jesus , Zhao Zhiyang , Pan Weicheng , Guo Yongfei 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThis study presents findings on improvements of both the X-axis and Z-axis posture in a young female with adolescent idiopathic, scoliosis suffering from pain complaints who was treated with a multidisciplinary approach.Case PresentationThe 15-year-old patient reported low back pain for several months. Full spine radiographic assessment revealed a cervical kyphosis, forward head translation, a right ribcage translation, a left higher shoulder, and a dextroconvex lumbar scoliosis with a Cobb angle of 23°. The patient was treated with novel ASPINE Systems treatment protocols incorporating posture exercises, muscle balancing exercises, spinal 3D traction, and spinal manipulation.ResultsAssessment after 50 treatment sessions over 32 weeks revealed a dramatic improvement in postural distortions. The cervical kyphosis was reduced by 9° and was accompanied by a reduction in forward head posture, centering of the thoracic spine, leveling off her shoulders, and a reduction in the dextroconvex scoliosis by 10°. The lower back pain was relieved.ConclusionA reduction of postural distortions including idiopathic adolescent scoliosis resulted from a multidisciplinary approach utilizing ASPINE Systems.
3D Inundation Mapping: A Comparison Between Deep Learning Image Classification and Geomorphic Flood Index Approaches
Authors: Gebrehiwot Asmamaw , Hashemi-Beni Leila 
Published: June 2022

Inundation mapping is a critical task for damage assessment, emergency management, and prioritizing relief efforts during a flooding event. Remote sensing has been an effective tool for interpreting and analyzing water bodies and detecting floods over the past decades. In recent years, deep learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated promising performance for remote sensing image classification for many applications, including inundation mapping. Unlike conventional algorithms, deep learning can learn features automatically from large datasets. This research aims to compare and investigate the performance of two state-of-the-art methods for 3D inundation mapping: a deep learning-based image analysis and a Geomorphic Flood Index (GFI). The first method, deep learning image analysis involves three steps: 1) image classification to delineate flood boundaries, 2) integrate the flood boundaries and topography data to create a three-dimensional (3D) water surface, and 3) compare the 3D water surface with pre-flood topography to estimate floodwater depth. The second method, i.e., GFI, involves three phases: 1) calculate a river basin morphological information, such as river height (hr) and elevation difference (H), 2) calibrate and measure GFI to delineate flood boundaries, and 3) calculate the coefficient parameter (α), and correct the value of hr to estimate inundation depth. The methods were implemented to generate 3D inundation maps over Princeville, North Carolina, United States during hurricane Matthew in 2016. The deep learning method demonstrated better performance with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.26 m for water depth. It also achieved about 98% in delineating the flood boundaries using UAV imagery. This approach is efficient in extracting and creating a 3D flood extent map at a different scale to support emergency response and recovery activities during a flood event.
Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function and Dyssynchrony in a Dog Model of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Diagnostic Utility and Reversibility
Authors: Morita Tomoya , Nakamura Kensuke , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Kawamoto Sei , Miki Shingo , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe diagnosis of acute pulmonary thromboembolism is challenging in dogs. Little has been reported on changes in echocardiographic indices in dogs with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. The objective of this study was to validate the relationship between echocardiographic indices and right heart catheterization variables in dogs with acute pulmonary embolism and to identify a useful echocardiographic index for diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism.Materials and MethodsSix healthy laboratory beagles were included in the study. Echocardiography and right heart catheterization were performed in a dog model of acute pulmonary embolism produced by microsphere injection. Echocardiographic indices, including the right ventricular (RV) Tei index, RV longitudinal strain, and the dyssynchrony index using speckle tracking echocardiography, transmitral flow, and eccentricity index, were measured.ResultsThe mean pulmonary arterial pressure increased (22.2 ± 1.2 mmHg) and the blood pressure decreased after microsphere injection. Although the mean pulmonary arterial pressure remained elevated, the blood pressure recovered 2 days after the microsphere injection. Most echocardiographic indices of RV function were significantly impaired following microsphere injection and recovered after 2 days. In contrast, the RV Tei index was significantly impaired after microsphere injection and the impairment persisted after 2 days. Multivariable analysis revealed that the RV Tei index was an independent echocardiographic predictor of pulmonary vascular resistance (β = 0.88, P &lt; 0.001), and transmitral early diastolic wave was an independent predictor of the cardiac index (β = −0.86, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe RV Tei index is a useful echocardiographic index for diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism. Ventricular interdependence may be an important factor causing low cardiac output in dogs with acute pulmonary embolism.
Characterization and Evolution of Mental Health Problems Attended to in a Telephone Helpline During the Lockdown and De-Escalation by COVID-19
Authors: Pérez-González Alba , Benítez-Borrego Sonia , Garcia-Sicard Jordi , Cuartero Andrés , Ruiz-Torras Silvia , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To picture the psychological impact on the general population consulting the Emergency Medical System (EMS) of Catalonia for psychological assistance due to the COVID-19.Methods: Calls received to the 061 emergency phone number between the months of March and June 2020 (period of lockdown and de-escalation) were analyzed. The reason, most prevalent psychological symptoms, presence of psychological antecedents, and type of intervention that was carried out were analyzed.Results: A total of 2,516 calls were analyzed. Weeks 6, 7, 8 and 9 of lockdown saw the highest volume of calls (298, 314, 282 and 290 daily calls, respectively). The main profile of the affected person was women, under the age of 50 who are responsible for others. Psychologically, they present symptoms of depression (7.33%) and anxiety (39.44%). The greatest impacts on mental health throughout lockdown seem to be related to an increase of interpersonal conflict (8.8% &lt; 11.2%), work-related problems (1.7% &lt; 4.6%), and problems of psychological distress (6.5% &lt; 17.0%).Conclusion: The information obtained enables us to better understand the possible evolution of the impacts on mental health derived from the lockdown.
The Kids Are Alright (?). Infants’ Development and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ferrari Eleonora , Palandri Lucia , Lucaccioni Laura , Talucci Giovanna , Passini Erica , Trevisani Viola , Righi Elena 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The study aimed to assess and compare the global development in six-month-old infants before and during the pandemic restrictive social distancing measures.Methods: This cross-sectional nested study involved infants assessed through the Griffiths Scales of Child Development (GSCD) between September 2019 and April 2021. Infants were classified in a pre-COVID or a COVID group, considering the evaluation date and the restrictive measures in place. GSCD subscales and General Development Scores (GDS) were calculated and compared.Results: One hundred and four healthy term-born infants were evaluated. GDS in the COVID group (n:70; median: 94; IQR: 90–100) appeared significantly lower than in the pre-COVID group (n:34; median: 98; IQR: 97–103; p &lt; 0.001). Language and personal-social-emotional subareas scores appeared the most affected. A decreasing trend of GDS along with the severity of restriction was observed.Conclusion: A reduction in infant development scores was observed during pandemic social distancing. Further studies are needed to systematize these findings and to address effective public health policies for infants and families during long-term forced isolation periods.
Measuring Resilience and Fatality Rate During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Italy: A Note
Authors: Guccio Calogero 
Published: June 2022

Background: This Policy Brief aims to contribute to the debate on the resilience of the healthcare systems during the pandemic by discussing whether mortality indicators are appropriate for assessing resilience or whether other statistics should be employed.Evidence: During the first wave of the COVID-19, much emphasis was placed on case-fatality rates to offer a preliminary assessment of the resilience of healthcare systems. However, these statistics are often biased and do not consider the real figure of the population that has been infected.Policy Options and Recommendations: Comparing data obtained with different approaches based on statistical inference and large-scale serological survey, the brief highlights, that great care must be taken when using case-fatality data, which in the absence of careful analysis, can lead to erroneous conclusions.Conclusion: Using case-fatality rate gives us no sounding information about the real capability of healthcare systems to save lives during the pandemic. However, even in the absence of detailed epidemiological data new advancements in statistical methods can be useful to provide a more sounding evaluation of the resilience of the healthcare systems.
The effect of technological processing of must on the composition of young brandy distillates
Authors: Легашева Л.А. 
Published: June 2022

Осветление сусла является одной из важных технологических операций при производстве виноматериалов и проводится для осаждения взвесей и снижения содержания фенольных веществ и оксидаз. Результаты исследований позволили оценить эффективность обработок сусла минеральными и белковыми сорбентами на физико-химический и ароматобразующий состав виноматериалов и коньячных дистиллятов. В работе использовали опытные образцы виноматериалов и молодых коньячных дистиллятов, удовлетворяющие по микробиологическим, физико-химическим и органолептическим показателям требованиям нормативной документации. Наиболее эффективными оказались обработки сусла с применением препарата диоксида кремния или бентонита совместно с эножелатином, в том числе при флотации сусла, а также бентонита совместно с препаратом растительного белка. Установлено, что проведение операции осветления сусла для сокращения содержания фенольных веществ и активности оксидаз приводило к снижению массовой доли высших спиртов и повышению показателя отношения средних эфиров к высшим спиртам. Коньячные дистилляты, полученные из осветленного сусла, получали высокую дегустационную оценку и характеризовались высоким качеством.
Must clarification is one of the important technological operations in production of base wines. It is carried out to precipitate suspended solids and reduce the content of phenolic substances and oxidases. The research results presented in the article made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of must treatment with mineral and protein sorbents on physicochemical and aroma-producing composition of base wines and brandy distillates. In the work, we used experimental samples of base wines and young brandy distillates that meet the requirements of regulatory documentation in terms of microbiological, physicochemical and organoleptic indicators. The most effective in the production of base wines and young brandy distillates was the processing of must with preparation of silicon dioxide, or bentonite together with enogelatin, including during must flotation, as well as bentonite together with vegetable protein preparation. It was established that must clarification operation, in order to reduce the level of phenolic substances and oxidase activity, led to a decrease in the mass fraction of higher alcohols and an increase in the ratio of medium-chain esters to higher alcohols. It was noted that brandy distillates obtained from the clarified must, received high tasting assessment and were characteristic of high quality.
Development of new local technological equipment as a basis of modern technologies for wine production
Authors: Сильвестров А.В. , Чаплыгина Н.Б. , Мишунова Л.А. 
Published: June 2022

В работе поднимается вопрос о необходимости оснащения винодельческой отрасли России отечественным современным технологическим оборудованием, ориентированным на получение высококачественной конкурентоспособной винодельческой продукции. В качестве примера приводится сотрудничество института «Магарач» с АО «Некрасовский машиностроительный завод» при разработке современной оригинальной, не имеющей мировых аналогов в части бесшатунного привода, а также минимального механического воздействия на транспортируемый продукт конструкции насосной установки для перекачки виноградной мезги с гребнями и других продуктов виноделия. Выпускаемая с 2016 г. Некрасовским машиностроительным заводом по технической документации, разработанной институтом «Магарач», эта установка пользуется большим спросом, в том числе и за рубежом. Успешно внедрена в винодельческое производство прошедшая приемочные испытания в 2018 г. насосная установка поршневого типа марки НПВ-10/32, предназначенная для перекачки сусла и виноматериалов, также выпускаемая АО «Некрасовский машиностроительный завод». Кроме того, институтом «Магарач» предложены технические решения и подготовлены эскизные проекты технологического оборудования, позволяющего значительно усовершенствовать существующие технологии.
The research raises issue of necessity to equip Russian winemaking industry with locally produced modern technological equipment, focused on obtaining high-quality competitive wine products. As an example, cooperation of the Institute Magarach with JSC Nekrasovsky Machine-Building Plant in the development of modern original, unparalleled anywhere in the world in terms of conrod-free driving units, as well as minimal mechanical impact on the transported product, the design of a pumping unit for transferring grape pulp with stems and other winemaking products is presented. In production since 2016 by Nekrasovsky Machine-Building Plant, according to the technical documentation developed by the Institute Magarach, this unit is in good demand in Russia and in foreign countries. Also manufactured by JSC Nekrasovsky Machine-Building Plant and designed for pumping must and wine materials, the NPV-10/32 piston-type pumping unit, which passed acceptance tests in 2018, is successfully introduced in the winemaking industry. In addition, the Institute Magarach has proposed engineering solutions and prepared draft designs of technological equipment, contributing to significant improvements in existing technologies.