bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATOMS: ALMA three-millimeter observations of massive star-forming regions – VII. A catalogue of SiO clumps from ACA observations
Authors: Liu Rong , Liu Tie , Chen Gang , Liu Hong-Li , Wang Ke , Li Jin-Zeng , Lee Chang Won , Liu Xunchuan , Juvela Mika , Garay Guido , Dewangan Lokesh , Soam Archana , Bronfman Leonardo , He Jinhua , Eswaraiah Chakali , Zhang Si-Ju , Zhang Yong , Xu Feng-Wei , Tóth L Viktor , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Li Shanghuo , Wu Yue-Fang , Qin Sheng-Li , Ren Zhiyuan , Zhang Guoyin , Tej Anandmayee , Goldsmith Paul F , Baug Tapas , Luo Qiuyi , Zhou Jianwen , Zhang Chang 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
To understand the nature of SiO emission, we conducted ACA observations of the SiO (2-1) lines toward 146 massive star-forming regions, as part of the ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS) survey. We detected SiO emission in 128 (87.7${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) sources and identified 171 SiO clumps, 105 of which are spatially separated from 3 mm continuum emission. A large amount of the SiO line profiles (60${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) are non-Gaussian. The velocity dispersion of the SiO lines ranges from 0.3 to 5.43 km s−1. In 63 sources the SiO clumps are associated with H ii regions characterized by H40α emission. We find that 68${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (116) of the SiO clumps are associated with strong outflows. The median velocity dispersion of the SiO line for outflow sources and non-outflow sources is 1.91 km s−1 and 0.99 km s−1, respectively. These results indicate that outflow activities could be connected to strongly shocked gas. The velocity dispersion and [SiO]/[H13CO+] intensity ratio do not show any correlation with the dust temperature and particle number density of clumps. We find a positive correlation between the SiO line luminosity and the bolometric luminosity, implying stronger shock activities are associated with more luminous protoclusters. The SiO clumps in associations with H ii regions were found to show a steeper feature in $L_{\rm{sio}}$/$L_{\rm{bol}}$. The SiO line luminosity and the fraction of shocked gas have no apparent evidence of correlation with the evolutionary stages traced by luminosity to mass ratio ($L_{\rm{bol}}/M$).
The effect of selection – a tale of cluster mass measurement bias induced by correlation and projection
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Annis James 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Cosmology analyses using galaxy clusters by the Dark Energy Survey have recently uncovered an issue of a previously unknown selection effect affecting weak-lensing mass estimates. In this letter, we use the Illustris-TNG simulation to demonstrate that selecting on galaxy counts induces a selection effect because of projection and correlation between different observables. We compute the weak-lensing-like projected mass estimations of dark matter haloes and examine their projected subhalo counts. In the two-dimensional (2D) projected space, haloes that are measured as more massive than truth have higher subhalo counts. Thus, projection along the line of sight creates cluster observables that are correlated with cluster mass measurement deviations, which in turn creates a mass measurement bias when the clusters are selected by this correlated observable. We demonstrate that the bias is predicted in a forward model using the observable-mass measurement correlation.
Long-Read Genome Sequencing Provides Molecular Insights into Scavenging and Societal Complexity in Spotted HyenaCrocuta crocuta
Authors: Shao Yong , Wang Xiao-Bo , Zhang Mei-Ling , Liu Yan , Wang Sheng , Zhang Bao-Lin , Yang Min-Min , Yang Ming-Hai , Jia Ting , Pu Tian-Chun , Lu Yan , Liu He , Xu Zhe , Li Bo , Liu Ning , Onsongo Violet Magoma , Wu Dong-Dong , Zhang Cheng-Lin , Ruan Jue , Li Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is a large and unique terrestrial carnivore. It is a particularly fascinating species due to its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its complex social structure and scavenging lifestyle, with associated high dietary exposure to microbial pathogens. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms related to these phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we sequenced and assembled a high-quality long-read genome of the spotted hyena, with a contig N50 length of ∼13.75 Mb. Based on comparative genomics, immunoglobulin family members (e.g., IGKV4-1) showed significant adaptive duplications in the spotted hyena and striped hyena. Furthermore, immune-related genes (e.g., CD8A, LAG3, and TLR3) experienced species-specific positive selection in the spotted hyena lineage. These results suggest that immune tolerance between the spotted hyena and closely related striped hyena has undergone adaptive divergence to cope with prolonged dietary exposure to microbial pathogens from scavenging. Furthermore, we provided the potential genetic insights underlying social complexity, hinting at social behavior and cognition. Specifically, the RECNE-associated genes (e.g., UGP2 and ACTR2) in the spotted hyena genome are involved in regulation of social communication. Taken together, our genomic analyses provide molecular insights into the scavenging lifestyle and societal complexity of spotted hyenas.
Activation of TRPV4 stimulates transepithelial K+ secretion in rat epididymal epithelium
Authors: Gao Dong-Dong , Huang Jun-Hao , Zhang Yi-Lin , Peng Lei , Deng Wei-Ji , Mai You-Nian , Wu Jia-Rui , Li Pei-Lun , Ding Nan , Huang Zi-Yang , Zhu Yun-Xin , Zhou Wen-Liang , Hu Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe maturation of sperms is dependent on the coordinated interactions between sperm and the unique epididymal luminal milieu, which is characterized by high K+ content. This study investigated the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in the K+ secretion of epididymal epithelium. The expression level and cellular localization of TRPV4 and Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa) were analyzed via RT–PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. The functional role of TRPV4 was investigated using short-circuit current (ISC) and intracellular Ca2+ imaging techniques. We found a predominant expression of TRPV4 in the corpus and cauda epididymal epithelium. Activation of TRPV4 with a selective agonist, GSK1016790A, stimulated a transient decrease in the ISC of the epididymal epithelium. The ISC response was abolished by either the TRPV4 antagonists, HC067047 and RN-1734, or the removal of basolateral K+. Simultaneously, the application of GSK1016790A triggered Ca2+ influx in epididymal epithelial cells. Our data also indicated that the big conductance KCa (BK), small conductance KCa (SK) and intermediate conductance KCa (IK) were all expressed in rat epididymis. Pharmacological studies revealed that BK, but not SK and IK, mediated TRPV4-elicited transepithelial K+ secretion. Finally, we demonstrated that TRPV4 and BK were localized in the epididymal epithelium, which showed an increased expression level from caput to cauda regions of rat epididymis. This study implicates that TRPV4 plays an important role in the formation of high K+ concentration in epididymal intraluminal fluid via promoting transepithelial K+ secretion mediated by BK.
Descriptive Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hospitalizations With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections in the United States, 2018
Authors: Zilberberg Marya D , Nathanson Brian H , Sulham Kate , Shorr Andrew F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Hospitalizations with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) in the United States have increased. Though most often studied as a subset of cUTI, catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) afflicts a different population of patients and carries outcomes distinct from non-CA cUTI (nCAcUTI). We examined the epidemiology and outcomes of hospitalizations in these groups.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional multicenter study within the 2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US community hospitals, to explore characteristics and outcomes of patients discharged with a UTI diagnosis. We divided cUTI into mutually exclusive categories of nCAcUTI and CAUTI. We applied survey methods to develop national estimates.

Results
Among 2 837 385 discharges with a UTI code, 500 400 (17.6%, 19.8% principal diagnosis [PD]) were nCAcUTI and 126 120 (4.4%, 63.8% PD) were CAUTI. Though similar in age (CAUTI, 70.1 years; and nCAcUTI, 69.7 years), patients with nCAcUTI had lower comorbidity (mean Charlson, 4.3) than those with CAUTI (mean Charlson, 4.6). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) length of stay (LOS) was 5 (3–8) days in nCAcUTI and 5 (3–9) days in CAUTI. Overall median (IQR) hospital costs were similar in nCAcUTI ($9713 [$5923–$17 423]) and CAUTI ($9711 [$5969–$17 420]). Though low in both groups, hospital mortality was lower in nCAcUTI (2.8%) than in CAUTI (3.4%). Routine discharges home were higher in nCAcUTI (41.5%) than CAUTI (22.1%).

Conclusions
There are &gt;626 000 hospital admissions with a cUTI, comprising ~1.8% of all annual admissions in the United States; 4/5 are nCAcUTI. Because CAUTI is frequently the reason for admission, preventive efforts are needed beyond the acute care setting.
Perspectives on the pervasive energy-systems transformations
Authors: Nakicenovic Nebojsa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Energy is central for the global decarbonization and the achievement of a sustainable future for all. This calls for a fundamental energy-systems transformation that would bring multiple co-benefits for health, climate and other challenges facing humanity and especially those without access to affordable and clean energy services. Pervasive transformation toward zero-carbon electricity and electrification of energy end use are central to achieving higher efficiencies, decarbonization and net-zero emissions. This is not merely a technical and economic issue. It is about people, about societies and about values and behaviors. Technology is an integral part of the society and an expression of collective intentionality through aggregation of sundry individual choices. The next disruptive transformation toward a sustainable future may indeed be powered by the digital revolution. It poses dangers for privacy, dissemination of alternative realities and erosion of evidence-based information but it also offers a great promise of catalyzing the emergence of a sustainable future by augmenting human capabilities by new, more convenient, more efficient and decarbonized goods and services. The key question is whether humanity will have the political will to collectively achieve the energy-systems transformation toward a sustainable future and net-zero emissions in merely three decades.
On the Adequacy of a Substructural Logic for Mathematics and Science
Authors: Tennant Neil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWilliamson argues for the contention that substructural logics are ‘ill-suited to acting as background logics for science’. That contention, if true, would be very important, but it is refutable, given what is already known about certain substructural logics. Classical Core Logic is a substructural logic, for it eschews the structural rules of Thinning and Cut and has Reflexivity as its only structural rule. Yet it suffices for classical mathematics, and it furnishes all the proofs and disproofs one needs for the hypothetico-deductive method in science. We explain exactly what Classical Core Logic is, why it is a substructural logic par excellence, and what the basic requirements would be for a logic to be ‘suited to acting as [a] background logic for science’. We also explain how Classical Core Logic meets all these requirements. We end by examining Williamson’s argument in order to expose where its error lies.
APPLICABILITY OF A HANDHELD LaBr3(Ce) SPECTROMETER FOR INTERNAL RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION EXAMINATION IN RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY
Authors: Ji Yunlong , Li Dawei , Qu Decheng , Ning Jing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In case of a nuclear or radiological emergency, there may be a very large population of individuals being affected by radiation exposure. Rapid and on-site examinations of possible internal radioactive contaminations are required for early dose assessment and large-scale screening. With the appropriate methodology, early dose information of internal exposure can be instantly obtained by a handheld spectrometer only. In this study, we extended the use of a handheld LaBr3 spectrometer to rough internal dose assessment. A family of real source BOMAB phantoms was applied for efficiency calibration of different detecting geometries. Detecting limits of several nuclides of major concern was also investigated. The result of this study can be used for initial dose assessment and medical triage during the first response of nuclear and radiological emergencies.
Creating Conditions for Professional Development through a Trauma-Informed and Restorative Practice
Authors: Lauridsen Marlene Bruun , Munkejord Mai Camilla 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProfessionals in social work and nursing meet people who, due to trauma, struggle with self-regulation of emotions and social behavior. Caring for trauma survivors requires connection and compassion. Previous research has indicated that many professionals, some with their own trauma histories, do not feel sufficiently equipped to practice self-care or cope with challenging communication. To address how insecurity and trauma are rooted in deeper individual and structural causes of social injustice, social workers and nursing students (N = 29) were invited to participate in action research and a restorative circle process. The aim was to provide professionals the opportunity to challenge and reflect upon their own practices by introducing them to a trauma-informed and restorative practice based on the importance of building emotional safety and connection. The findings suggest that given time and space for reflection in a setting characterized by equality and safety, professionals can develop increased (a) self-awareness and compassion, (b) emotional safety and tolerance of stress in challenging communication, (c) trauma understanding, and (d) personal growth. A change to a more restorative and trauma-informed practice could lead to increased interpersonal competence and well-being among professionals and clients.
Negative effects of low root temperatures on water and carbon relations in temperate tree seedlings assessed by dual isotopic labelling
Authors: Wang Wenna , Hoch Günter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Low root zone temperatures restrict water and carbon (C) uptake and transport in plants and may contribute to the low temperature limits of tree growth. Here, we quantified the effects of low root temperatures on xylem conductance, photosynthetic C assimilation and phloem C transport in seedlings of four temperate tree species (two broad-leaved and two conifer species) by applying a simultaneous stable isotope labelling of 2H-enriched source water and 13C-enriched atmospheric CO2. Six days before the pulse labelling, the seedlings were transferred to hydroponic tubes and exposed to three different root temperatures (2, 7 and 15 °C), while all seedlings received the same, warm air temperatures (between 18 and 24 °C). Root cooling led to drought-like symptoms with reduced growth, leaf water potentials and stomatal conductance, indicating increasingly adverse conditions for water uptake and transport with decreasing root temperatures. Averaged across all four species, water transport to leaves was reduced by 40% at 7 °C and by 70% at 2 °C root temperature relative to the 15 °C treatment, while photosynthesis was reduced by 20 and 40% at 7 and 2 °C, respectively. The most severe effects were found on the phloem C transport to roots, which was reduced by 60% at 7 °C and almost ceased at 2 °C in comparison with the 15 °C root temperature treatment. This extreme effect on C transport was likely due to a combination of simultaneous reductions of phloem loading, phloem mass flow and root growth. Overall, the dual stable isotope labelling proved to be a useful method to quantify water and C relations in cold-stressed trees and highlighted the potentially important role of hydraulic constraints induced by low soil temperatures as a contributing factor for the climatic distribution limits of temperate tree species.
The Effect of Bedside Rounds on Learning Outcomes in Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ratelle John T. , Gallagher Caitlyn N. , Sawatsky Adam P. , Kashiwagi Deanne T. , Schouten Will M. , Gonzalo Jed D. , Beckman Thomas J. , West Colin P. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo determine if bedside rounds, compared with other forms of hospital ward rounds, improve learning outcomes in medical education.MethodFor this systematic review, the authors searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from inception through February 20, 2020. Experimental studies were included if they (1) compared bedside rounds to any other form of rounds in a hospital-based setting, and (2) reported a quantitative comparison of a learning outcome (e.g., learner reaction, knowledge, skills, behavior, health care delivery) among physicians-in-training (medical students, residents, fellows). Extraction elements were summarized using descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis of design, implementation, and outcomes.ResultsTwenty studies met inclusion criteria, including 7 randomized trials. All studies involved resident physicians, and 11 also involved medical students. The design and implementation of bedside rounds varied widely, with most studies (n = 13) involving cointerventions (e.g., staff education, real-time order entry).Of the 15 studies that reported learner satisfaction, 7 favored bedside rounds, 4 favored the control, and 4 were equivocal. Of the 4 studies reporting an outcome of learners’ knowledge and skills, 2 favored bedside rounds and 2 were equivocal. Of the 8 studies that reported on learner behavior (e.g., bedside communication with patients), 5 favored bedside rounds, 1 favored the control, and 2 were equivocal. Finally, of the 14 studies that reported a health care delivery outcome (e.g., teamwork, rounding time), 8 favored bedside rounds and 6 were equivocal. Due to the high risk of bias and unexplained heterogeneity across studies, the overall strength of evidence was low.ConclusionsIn hospital-based settings, learners’ satisfaction with bedside rounds is mixed. However, bedside rounds appear to have a positive effect on learner behavior and health care delivery. Given their potential value, additional research is needed to identify barriers to and facilitators of educationally successful bedside rounds.
Parental Leave Policies in Residency: A National Survey of Internal Medicine Program Directors
Authors: Stack Shobha W. , Finn Kathleen M. , Kisielewski Michael , Law Karen L. , Milne Caroline K. , Best Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
To characterize the existence, accessibility, and content of parental leave policies, as well as barriers to program-level policy implementation among internal medicine (IM) program directors (PDs) and to assess the willingness of PDs to implement a national standardized policy.

Method
In 2019, the Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine conducted a survey of 422 IM PDs. Along with other content, 38 questions addressed 4 primary outcomes: parental leave policy existence, accessibility, content, and barriers. The authors compared programs with and without a program-level policy and applied qualitative content analysis to open-ended questions about barriers to policy implementation and openness to a national standard.

Results
The response rate was 69.4% (293/422). Of responding programs, 86% (250/290) reported a written parental leave policy with 43% (97/225) of these originating at the program level. Program-level policies, compared with policies at other levels, were more likely to address scheduling during pregnancy (38%, 36/95 vs 22%, 27/124; P = .018); peer coverage (24%, 21/89 vs 15%, 16/109; P = .037), how the duration of extended training is determined (81%, 72/89 vs 44%, 48/109; P < .001), and associated pay and benefits 61%, 54/89 vs 44%, 48/109; P = .009). PDs without program-level policy reported lacking guidance to develop policy, deferring upward to institutional policies, and wishing to retain flexibility. More than half of PDs (60%, 170/282) expressed agreement that a national standard for a residency program-level parental leave policy should exist. Those not in favor cited organization equity, lack of resources, implementation challenges, loss of flexibility, and potentially disadvantaging recruitment.

Conclusions
While existing program-level policies included important content, most PDs reported not having them. A national standard to guide the development of program-level parental leave policies could be embraced if it provided flexibility for programs with limited resources.
Adaptations to Opioid Use Disorder Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey of Prescribers
Authors: Sung Minhee L. , Black Anne C. , Blevins Derek , Henry Brandy F. , Cates-Wessel Kathryn , Dawes Michael A. , Drexler Karen , Hagle Holly , Molfenter Todd , Levin Frances R. , Becker William C. , Edelman E. Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Among opioid use disorder (OUD)-treating providers, to characterize adaptations used to provide medications for OUD (MOUD) and factors associated with desire to continue virtual visits post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
In a national electronic survey of OUD-treating prescribers (July-August 2020), analyses restricted to X-waivered buprenorphine prescribers providing outpatient, longitudinal care for adults with OUD, quantitative and qualitative analyses of survey items and free text responses were conducted.

Results
Among 797 respondents, 49% were men, 57% ≥50 years, 76% White, 68% physicians. Respondents widely used virtual visits to continue prescribing existing MOUD regimens (79%), provide behavioral healthcare (71%), and initiate new MOUD prescriptions (49%). Most prescribers preferred to continue/expand use of virtual visits after COVID-19. In multivariable models, factors associated with preference to continue/expand virtual visits to initiate MOUD postpandemic were treating a moderate number of patients prepandemic (aOR = 1.67; 95%[CI] = 1.06,2.62) and practicing in an urban setting (aOR = 2.17; 95%[CI] = 1.48,3.18). Prescribing buprenorphine prepandemic (aOR = 2.06; 95%[CI] = 1.11,3.82) and working in an academic medical center (aOR = 2.47; 95%[CI] = 1.30,4.68) were associated with preference to continue/expand use of virtual visits to continue MOUD postpandemic. Prescribing naltrexone extended-release injection prepandemic was associated with preference to continue/expand virtual visits to initiate and continue MOUD (aOR = 1.51; 95%[CI] = 1.10,2.07; aOR = 1.74; 95%[CI] = 1.19,2.54). Qualitative findings suggest that providers appreciated virtual visits due to convenience and patient accessibility, but were concerned about liability and technological barriers.

Conclusions
Surveyed prescribers widely used virtual visits to provide MOUD with overall positive experiences. Future studies should evaluate the impact of virtual visits on MOUD access and retention and clinical outcomes.