bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy in a patient with caudal regression syndrome following continent bladder reconstruction
Authors: Shigenobu Yuki , Nagayama Shiho , Manaka Yumi , Ohashi Mai , Kubo Taro , Shimozawa Hironori , Nakamura Shigeru , Nakai Hideo , Takahashi Hironori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCaudal regression syndrome (CRS) is rare congenital malformation, which is characterized by abnormal development of the lower end of the spine and complicated with neurodevelopmental disorders of vesico‐rectal functions and the lower extremities. We report the case of a woman with CRS who became pregnant and gave birth following continent bladder reconstruction (CBR) for intractable urinary incontinence. A 25‐year‐old primigravida woman with CRS became pregnant naturally and was referred to our department. She had undergone CBR in our institute at 14 years old. Emergency cesarean section (CS) was performed at 30 + 5 weeks of gestation due to severe preeclampsia. This is the first report of a woman with CRS who became pregnant and gave birth following CBR. A multidisciplinary team is needed to manage pregnant women with CRS following CBR. Collaboration with a urologist is especially important for managing pregnancy and performing CS. The CBR is performed for the purpose of improving quality of life by gaining urinary continence and may increase sexual behavior in women with CRS, and so obstetricians may encounter pregnancies more frequently in the future.
Breastfeeding rates at discharge for very low birthweight neonates and their determinants: An observational study from a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit in India
Authors: Chauhan Avantika , Kumar Mala , Tripathi Shalini , Singh Shakal N , Singh Vijay K 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMother's milk is the best milk for neonates. Preterm very low birthweight (VLBW) neonates face many challenges leading to low rates of breastfeeding at discharge.Aims(i) To determine the proportion of <32 weeks preterm VLBW neonates who are exclusively breastfed (EB) at discharge and (ii) determinants of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at discharge.MethodsAn observational study was conducted for a duration of 1 year, from May 2019 to April 2020 in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in North India. Consecutive <32 weeks preterm VLBW neonates admitted within 72 h of birth and on full enteral feeds (FEF) within 10 days of birth were included in this study and followed up till discharge.ResultsForty‐four of 97 (45.4%) preterm VLBW neonates were exclusively breastfed and 31/97 (32%) received more than 80% mother's own milk (MOM) at discharge. Male sex (P = 0.03), those whose first feed had any amount of MOM (P = 0.038) or exclusive MOM in their first feed or when initiated on first FEF (P = 0.002), and neonates with longer duration of hospital stay (P = 0.035) had an increased chance of being exclusively breastfed at discharge.ConclusionPreterm VLBW neonates who receive any amount of MOM in their first feed or first FEF, male infants and those who stay longer in hospital are more likely to be exclusively breastfed at discharge.
Patchwork disclosure: Divergent public access and personal privacy across criminal record disclosure policy in the United States
Authors: Sandoval Juan R. , Lageson Sarah E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScholars have paid minimal attention to state statutory guidance that allows criminal justice agencies to disclose records that contain personal information about arrestees, defendants, and incarcerated people. We analyze US state policy for police, courts, prisons, and record repositories (N = 200). Most states restrict access to compiled criminal histories, but nearly all allow broad public access to agency records. Divergent policy guidance accounts for these differences, where transparency laws govern agency records while state criminal codes regulate records of arrest and prosecution, otherwise known as RAP sheets. These policy differences contribute to widespread disclosures of non‐conviction records, raising questions about due process and inequality in the big data age.
Some complexities in interpreting apparent effects of hitchhiking: A commentary on Gompert et al. (2022)
Authors: Charlesworth Brian , Jensen Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe write to address recent claims by regarding the potentially important and underappreciated phenomena of “indirect selection,” the observation that neutral regions may be affected by natural selection. We argue both that this phenomenon—generally known as genetic hitchhiking—is neither new nor poorly studied, and that the patterns described by the authors have multiple alternative explanations.
The complex epistemological challenge of data curation in dietary metabarcoding: Comment on “The precautionary principle and dietary DNA metabarcoding: Commonly used abundance thresholds change ecological interpretation” by Littleford‐Colquhoun et al. (2022)
Authors: Tercel Maximillian P. T. G. , Cuff Jordan P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn their article, Littleford‐Colquhoun et al. (2022) advise against using arbitrary relative read abundance (RRA) thresholds (i.e., minimum sequence copy thresholds) for removing low‐abundance sequences since they can increase false negative rates in dietary DNA metabarcoding data sets. The main criticisms presented against these widespread methods are that they (i) are arbitrary, often existing as standard values or defined based on researcher‐selected delineations, (ii) are subjective, varying between studies and contexts, and, most problematically, (iii) result in the exclusion of true positives, particularly rarely consumed taxa, to the detriment of ecological insight. We commend the authors for presenting a refreshing and timely perspective on this often neglected topic, which is certainly in need of greater discussion following over a decade of significant advances in dietary metabarcoding. In this complex epistemological problem of false positives versus false negatives, we feel that several of the points raised deserve additional discussion. We address these aspects below, including measured approaches to data filtration and consistent representation of RRAs, and we welcome any further discourse to solidify or refute the concepts therein.
Population genetics of a recent range expansion and subsequent loss of migration in monarch butterflies
Authors: Hemstrom William B. , Freedman Micah G. , Zalucki Myron P. , Ramírez Santiago R. , Miller Michael R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRange expansions—whether permanent or transient—strongly influence the distribution of genetic variation in space. Monarch butterflies are best known for long‐distance seasonal migration within North America but are also established as nonmigratory populations around the world, including on Pacific Islands. Previous research has highlighted stepwise expansion across the Pacific, though questions remain about expansion timing and the population genetic consequences of migration loss. Here, we present reduced‐representation sequencing data for 275 monarchs from North America (n = 85), 12 Pacific Islands (n = 136) and three locations in Australia (n = 54), with the goal of understanding (i) how the monarch's Pacific expansion has shaped patterns of population genetic variation and (ii) how loss of migration has influenced spatial patterns of differentiation. We find support for previously described stepwise dispersal across the Pacific and document an additional expansion from Hawaii into the Mariana Islands. Nonmigratory monarchs within the Mariana Islands show strong patterns of differentiation, despite their proximity; by contrast, migratory North American samples form a single genetically panmictic population across the continent. Estimates of Pacific establishment timing are highly uncertain (~100–1,000,000 years ago) but overlap with historical records that indicate a recent expansion. Our data support (i) a recent expansion across the Pacific whose timing overlaps with available historical records of establishment and (ii) a strong role for seasonal migration in determining patterns of spatial genetic variation. Our results are noteworthy because they demonstrate how the evolution of partial migration can drive population differentiation over contemporary timescales.
Evaluation of the Post‐Antifungal Effect of Rezafungin and Micafungin against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata
Authors: Carvalhaes Cecilia G. , Rhomberg Paul R. , Pfaller Michael A. , Locke Jeffrey B. , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRezafungin, a new echinocandin with an extended half‐life, exhibits potent activity against Candida spp. Aside from the MIC, specific interactions between antifungal and isolate, including the duration of anti‐infective activity, may impact dose interval choices and infection outcome. We evaluated rezafungin and micafungin post‐antifungal effect (PAFE) against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. Six Candida spp. isolates were tested, including two of each species, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI reference broth microdilution method. Antifungal concentrations of 1x, 4x and 16x the baseline MIC were used for PAFE determinations. Colony counts were performed at T0 (pre‐exposure), after the 1‐h drug exposure, after the cell wash (T1), and at T2, T4, T8, T12, T24 and T48 h. Rezafungin PAFE results were equivalent to micafungin PAFE values for one C. albicans (>14.9 h) and both C. glabrata (>40 h) isolates for all concentrations tested. The rezafungin and micafungin PAFEs could not be determined against one C. albicans isolate. Prolonged PAFE results were also noted for rezafungin (range, 18.4 to >40 h) against both C. parapsilosis isolates at all concentrations, while no micafungin PAFE or a short PAFE (range, 1.8 to 7.4 h) was observed against these organisms, except at 16x bMIC. Rezafungin showed sustained growth inhibition following drug removal and displayed equivalent or longer PAFE values than micafungin against all tested Candida spp.
Editing melon eIF4E associates with virus resistance and male sterility
Authors: Pechar Giuliano S. , Donaire Livia , Gosalvez Blanca , García‐Almodovar Carlos , Sánchez‐Pina María Amelia , Truniger Verónica , Aranda Miguel A. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe cap‐binding protein eIF4E, through its interaction with eIF4G, constitutes the core of the eIF4F complex, which plays a key role in the circularization of mRNAs and their subsequent cap‐dependent translation. In addition to its fundamental role in mRNA translation initiation, other functions have been described or suggested for eIF4E, including acting as a proviral factor and participating in sexual development. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate melon eif4e knockout mutant lines. Editing worked efficiently in melon, as we obtained transformed plants with a single‐nucleotide deletion in homozygosis in the first eIF4E exon already in a T0 generation. Edited and non‐transgenic plants of a segregating F2 generation were inoculated with Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV); homozygous mutant plants showed virus resistance, while heterozygous and non‐mutant plants were infected, in agreement with our previous results with plants silenced in eIF4E. Interestingly, all homozygous edited plants of the T0 and F2 generations showed a male sterility phenotype, while crossing with wild‐type plants restored fertility, displaying a perfect correlation between the segregation of the male sterility phenotype and the segregation of the eif4e mutation. Morphological comparative analysis of melon male flowers along consecutive developmental stages showed postmeiotic abnormal development for both microsporocytes and tapetum, with clear differences in the timing of tapetum degradation in the mutant versus wild‐type. An RNA‐Seq analysis identified critical genes in pollen development that were down‐regulated in flowers of eif4e/eif4e plants, and suggested that eIF4E‐specific mRNA translation initiation is a limiting factor for male gametes formation in melon.
Adjunctive treatment with infliximab in pediatric immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis: A case report
Authors: Castelli Barbara , Marrani Edoardo , Fusco Eleonora , Chiara Caporalini , Pagnini Ilaria , Simonini Gabriele 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common childhood vasculitis affecting small vessels. No clear recommendations are available for severe pediatric cases, and until now, anti‐TNF agents have had a limited role in IgAV management. In this report, we describe a pediatric case of severe IgAV, successfully treated with combined therapy including the anti‐TNF, infliximab.
Electronic prescription monitoring and the opioid epidemic
Authors: KC Diwas , Kim TI Tongil , Liu Jiayi 
Published: July 2022

To combat the nationwide opioid epidemic, many states have implemented policies that require prescribers to check a patient's prescription history with Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) prior to initiating or refilling opioid prescriptions. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we show that after states mandated PDMP use, opioid prescriptions decreased by 6.1% as intended. However, PDMP mandates had the unintended effect of driving existing opioid users towards more lethal illicit substitutes such as heroin. We found that reductions in prescription rates were accompanied by unprecedented rises in heroin overdose deaths: there were 6.37 more heroin‐related deaths per million population per year—a 50.1% increase—following PDMP mandates. Although stronger PDMP mandates (e.g., based on comprehensiveness, legal enforcement, integration with other health records, and interstate information sharing) reduced opioid prescriptions, we also find that stronger mandates inadvertently increased heroin overdose deaths. Additional analyses show that the substitution effect was not statistically significant among states with lower preexisting levels of pain reliever dependence, lower heroin availability, and greater access to substance abuse treatment. These findings point to an important policy implication: supply‐side restrictions such as mandated PDMP need to account for possible demand‐side substitution effects.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on well‐being of seniors attending online programs at University of the Third Age: a follow‐up study
Authors: Kayhan Koçak Fatma Özge , Çavdar Sibel , Savas Sumru , Akçiçek Selahattin Fehmi 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundReports on psychological effects of quarantine during past outbreaks and pandemics showed that quarantined people were more likely to experience psychological problems than those who were not. It was also shown that there was an increase in anxiety, depression, and stress in all age groups during the COVID‐19 pandemic. So, we investigated emotional states and quality of life as components of general well‐being in older participants of University of the Third Age (U3A) attending online programs during the second year of the pandemic, and compared them with the pre‐pandemic COVID‐19 period.MethodsThis study was conducted among 27 participants of a U3A program. Data on sociodemographics, Charlson comorbidity index, the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS‐SF), The Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), and Turkish version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Older Adults Module (WHOQOL‐OLD) were taken in September 2019 and September 2021.ResultsThe median age of the participants was 68 (60–75) years (81.5% female). In the COVID‐19 pandemic period; ‘Death and dying’ (except for ‘Fear of pain before death’ score), ‘Intimacy’ domain, and ‘Social participation’ domain scores of WHOQOL‐OLD decreased compared to the pre‐pandemic period (P < 0.001, P = 0.011, and P < 0.001, respectively) whereas the scores for GAS and GDS‐SF were higher (P < 0.001 and P = 0.011). The reason for the decrease in ‘Social participation’ domain scores was the decrease in ‘Satisfaction with opportunity to participate in community’. There was no significant difference in ‘Autonomy’ domain of WHOQOL‐OLD (P = 0.598).ConclusionAlthough there was no change in ‘Autonomy’ domain among the participants of U3A before and during the pandemic period, anxiety and depression scores were higher in the second year of the COVID pandemic. Only a decrease in satisfaction with opportunity to participate in community might have significant impact on social participation.
The changing role and definitions of aquaculture for environmental purposes
Authors: Mizuta Darien D. , Froehlich Halley E. , Wilson Jono R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAquaculture is the fastest growing form of food production across the globe. The expansion of the industry has brought about a diversity of approaches to mitigate social and ecological impacts associated with aquaculture production systems. At the same time, there is a growing interest in utilizing aquaculture for conservation purposes including species recovery, habitat restoration and offsetting the impacts of wild capture on vulnerable harvested species. The diversification of the aquaculture sector and the overlapping use of terminology to describe alternative aquaculture approaches can create challenges for policy makers, managers and industry practitioners. Clear distinction between alternative aquaculture approaches and intent may improve regulatory, permitting, monitoring and consumer awareness outcomes. Here, we examine the use of four primary aquaculture approaches in the scientific literature: ‘commercial aquaculture’, ‘conservation aquaculture’, ‘restorative aquaculture’ and ‘regenerative aquaculture’ to elucidate the similarities and differences and improve understanding of the approaches. We propose definitions for the terms based on empirical analysis of related words used in scientific texts and fitness into a particular initiative. In addition, we discuss the use of those terms within the context of benefits to ‘people and nature’, namely activities that include economic, social and environmental outcomes and the variability therein. Clear definition of terms and related activities in a burgeoning field can minimize semantic confusion while improving opportunities to craft robust policy guidelines and improve stakeholder understanding and practice of aquaculture activities.
How Gender Dynamics Shape Off‐farm Work in Upland Southwest China☆
Authors: Zinda John Aloysius , Anshumali Amit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGendered demands for productive and reproductive labor differently affect men's and women's decisions about not only whether to undertake off‐farm work, but where. With data from a survey of households in southwestern China, we examine the effects of individual, household, and community attributes on decisions to take local or distant off‐farm work. Men's and women's off‐farm work decisions respond differently to care and farmwork needs. For women, the primary trade‐off is between distant off‐farm work and none. For men, the primary trade‐off is between distant and local off‐farm work. Women in households with more working‐age members are more likely to take distant off‐farm work rather than stay on the farm. Increased education and household labor make men more likely to take distant relative to local off‐farm work. Household land holdings also have differing effects: for women, increased cropland area reduces odds of migration, while for men it increases odds of local relative to distant off‐farm work. By disaggregating off‐farm work location, we uncover gendered patterns that binary approaches to off‐farm work or migration obscure.
Explaining state differences in firearm legislation: A South/non‐South analysis
Authors: Kenter Robert C. , Mayer Martin K. , Morris John C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article explores choices made by states in terms of opposition or support of firearm policies to determine what drives firearm restrictiveness and whether it varies by region.MethodsUtilizing standard explanators of state policy choices, we employ a 50‐state pooled regression model, using data spanning 25 years to evaluate drivers of state policy decisions in terms of regional firearm restrictiveness.ResultsEvaluating firearm restrictiveness through several equally scored policy windows, including prohibitions for high‐risk gun possession, universal background checks, “stand your ground” laws, concealed carry permitting, and buyer regulations, the findings highlight the importance of ideology and poverty in explaining state firearm policy restrictiveness.ConclusionOur findings highlight the regional distinction and policy drivers that continue to make the South different from the rest of the nation in terms of firearm policy and restrictiveness.
HLA‐DRB1 and cytokine polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and its association with red blood cell alloimmunization
Authors: Sirianni Marilia Fernandes Mascarenhas , Sippert Emilia , Blos Bruna , Gonçalves Flavia Ricioli Vaz , Hamerschlak Nelson , Kutner Jose , Castilho Lilian , Marti Luciana Carvalheiro , Bonet‐Bub Carolina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective(s)This study aimed investigate association of HLA‐DRB1 and cytokine polymorphisms with red blood cell(RBC) alloimmunization in Brazilian Myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) patients with prior exposure to RBC transfusion.BackgroundMDS patients are at risk RBC alloimmunization due to chronic RBC transfusion. However, differences in immune response of MDS transfused patients are not completely known.Methods/materialsA retrospective cohort of 87 polytransfused patients with MDS including 28 alloimmunized (PA) and 59 non‐alloimmunized (PNA) was evaluated in three Brazilian reference hospitals. HLA‐DRB1genotype was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐SSOP (Luminex platform) and cytokine polymorphisms analysed by PCR and TaqMan assays.ResultsWhile HLA‐DRB1 allele frequencies did not differ between groups, IL17A 197G > A SNP and IL4 polymorphisms showed significant correlation with RBC alloimmunization. IL17A 197A allele A and AA genotype were significantly more frequent in PA than PNA(A, 46.4% versus 27.1%, p = 0.012; OR = 2.3; 95%CI = 1.1–4.9; AA, 25% versus 6.8%, p = 0.041; OR = 6.2; 95%CI 1.3–30.8). Moreover, significant association of alloimmunization to Rh antigens with IL17A 197A allele and AA genotype was also identified in PA group(A, 45% versus 27.1%, p = 0.036; OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.1–5.7; AA, 30% versus 6.8%, p = 0.042; OR = 7.9; 95%CI 1.5–42.3). Genotype A1A2 of IL4 intron 3 was overrepresented in PA(50% versus 16.9%, p = 0.009; OR = 4.97; 95%CI 1.6–15.5). Similarly, IL4–590 CT genotype was overrepresented in PA(53.6% versus 28.8%, p = 0.049; OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.2–9.3).ConclusionsThis study showed no association regarding HLA‐DRB1 alleles for RBC alloimmunization risk or protection, however the IL17A 197G>A, IL4 intron 3 and IL4 590C>T SNP was significantly associated to RBC alloimmunization risk in this cohort of Brazilian MDS patients.