bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readiness of the Kenyan public health sector to provide pre‐referral care for severe paediatric malaria
Authors: Amboko Beatrice , Machini Beatrice , Githuka George , Bejon Philip , Zurovac Dejan , Snow Robert W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess readiness among primary public health facilities in Kenya to provide pre‐referral antimalarials for severe malaria.MethodsNine national surveys of randomly selected primary public health facilities undertaken bi‐annually between 2017 and 2021 were analysed. The outcomes included the availability of pre‐referral antimalarial drugs at the health facilities and health worker knowledge of recommended pre‐referral treatment for severe malaria.ResultsA total of 1540 health workers from 1355 health facilities were interviewed. Injectable artesunate was available at 46%, injectable quinine at 7%, and artemether at 3% of the health facilities. None of the facilities had rectal artesunate suppositories in stock. A total of 960 (62%) health workers were trained on the use of injectable artesunate. 73% of the health workers who had ever referred a child with severe malaria were aware that artesunate was the recommended treatment, 49% said that intramuscular injection was the preferred route of administration, and 60% stated the correct dose. The overall knowledge level of the treatment policy was low at 21% and only slightly higher among trained than untrained health workers (24% vs 14%; p < 0.001) and those with access to guidelines versus those without access (29% vs 17%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe readiness of primary health facilities and health workers to deliver appropriate pre‐referral care to children with complicated malaria in Kenya is inadequate. Further investments are required to ensure (a) availability of nationally recommended pre‐referral antimalarials; (b) appropriate training and supervision in their administration, and (c) monitoring of the entire referral process.
Prevalence of relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus ticks from eastern Slovakia
Authors: Bubanová Dominika , Majláth Igor , Vargová Blažena , Pipová Natália , Szekeres Sándor , Majláthová Viktória 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBorrelia miyamotoi, recurrent fever borrelia, pathogenic to humans, has been found recently in Ixodes ricinus ticks. There is still little information about its circulation in nature and potential local impact on human health as well as the occurrence in natural localities. In our study, a total of 1609 ticks (745 nymphs, 358 females and 506 males) collected from different localities in eastern Slovakia were analysed using a polymerase chain reaction targeting a gene encoding glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpQ), which is specific to the Borrelia species in the relapsing fever group. B. miyamotoi was found in 3 nymphs, 6 females and 9 males of quested I. ricinus ticks. Although no human case of infection with B. miyamotoi has been reported in Slovakia yet, its presence needs to be studied to obtain knowledge regarding the prevalence and the distribution of this human pathogen in questing ticks and to increase medical healthcare awareness.
Psychological correlates of free colorectal cancer screening uptake in a Scottish sample: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Miller Christopher B , van der Pol Marjon , Douglas Elaine , Bell David , O'Carroll Ronan E , Deary Ian J 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesColorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake in Scotland is 56%. This study examined whether psychological factors were associated with CRC screening uptake.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingThis study used data from the Healthy AGeing In Scotland (HAGIS) pilot study, a study designed to be representative of Scottish adults aged 50 years and older.Participants908 (505 female) Scottish adults aged 50–80 years (mean age=65.85, SD=8.23), who took part in the HAGIS study (2016–2017).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported participation in CRC screening was the outcome measure. Logistic regression was used to test whether scores on measures of health literacy, cognitive ability, risk aversion, time preference (eg, present oriented or future oriented) and personality were associated with CRC screening when these psychological factors were entered individually and simultaneously in the same model.ResultsControlling for age, age-squared, sex, living arrangement, and sex*living arrangement, a one-point increase in risk aversion (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85) and present orientation (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94) was associated with reduced odds of screening. Higher scores on health literacy (OR per one-point increase=1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.31), cognitive ability (OR per SD increase=1.51, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and the intellect personality trait (OR per one-point increase=1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) were associated with increased odds of screening. Higher risk aversion was the only psychological variable that was associated with CRC screening participation when all psychological variables were entered in the same model and remained associated with CRC screening when additionally adjusting for deprivation and education. A backward elimination model retained two psychological variables as correlates of CRC screening: risk aversion and cognitive ability.ConclusionIndividuals who are more risk averse are less likely to participate in free, home CRC screening.
Evaluation of low-dose colchicine in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang He , Han Xikun , Pan Tuo , Zhang Hai-Tao , Zhong Kai , Li Ze-Shi , Jiang Xinyi , Pan Jun , Wang Dong-Jin 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionInflammation and myocardial damage caused by cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been shown to be the major contributors to postoperative morbidity and mortality. Colchicine can reduce myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. However, there is a lack of evidence whether colchicine could reduce myocardial injury after cardiovascular surgery. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of low-dose colchicine on myocardial protection during perioperative period in patients who undergo cardiovascular surgery with CPB.Methods and analysisIn this randomised controlled trial, a total of 132 patients will be recruited from the Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Patients will be randomised into the colchicine treatment group and control group with a ratio of 1:1. Patients in the colchicine treatment group will receive 0.5 mg of colchicine daily for 3 days before surgery and 0.5 mg of colchicine daily for 5 days after surgery. Patients in the control group will receive placebo instead of colchicine for the same schedule. Level of postoperative myocardial injury will be assessed as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes are biomarker levels for myocardial injury (such as creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I, myohaemoglobin, type B natriuretic peptide, D-dimer) and inflammatory response markers (white blood cell, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, C reactive protein) for 5 consecutive days after surgery and poor postoperative outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Medical Ethics Committee of Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical College (approval number: 2020-293-01). Study results will be disseminated through publication in an open access journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000040129.
Theoretical constructs of smoking cessation among current tobacco smokers in India: a secondary analysis of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (2016–2017)
Authors: Bhatt Garima , Goel Sonu , Soundappan Kathirvel , Kaur Rajbir 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundQuitting tobacco smoking is a complex process, and the transtheoretical model describes the various stages of behaviour change that smokers experience to stop smoking. Predictors of intention to quit and stage of behavioural change could assist policy-makers in establishing tailor-made strategies to offer support.ObjectiveIn the current study, we analysed the determinants of cessation among 9499 current smokers of India recorded during the second Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016–2017).MethodsBivariate analysis, multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression was performed for past quit attempts and intention to quit smoking in the future; multinomial logistic regression to understand predictors of various stages of change determining cessation behaviour of current smokers) was undertaken.ResultsThe majority of the smokers was men (91.0%), in 25–44 years age group, (42.3%), daily wagers (37.4%) and resided in the rural area (73.3%), with bidi being the most commonly smoked product (72%). Nearly 72% tried to quit without any assistance with 36.6% (precontemplation), 27% (contemplation), 28% (preparation (or action)) and 8.1% in (relapse) stage. Men ((1.049); 95% CI 1.047 to 1.051), the primary (1.192; 95% CI 1.190 to 1.193) as well as higher education, being married (1.231; 95% CI 1.229 to 1.234) and urban residence (1.167; 95% CI 1.1.65 to 1.168) were found to be associated with higher prevalence of previous quit attempts. The regression modelling found out that intent to quit reduced with increasing age and was similarly prevalent with any level of education.ConclusionUnderstanding stages of behavioural change could assist the stakeholders in developing individualised interventions along with the development of intensive cessation protocols in clinical and public health settings.
Role of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools for health inequalities in childhood and adolescence: a scoping review
Authors: Herke Max , Moor Irene , Winter Kristina , Hack Miriam , Hoffmann Stephanie , Spallek Jacob , Hilger-Kolb Jennifer , Herr Raphael , Pischke Claudia , Dragano Nico , Novelli Anna , Richter Matthias 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo synthesise the evidence on the role of compositional or contextual characteristics of schools in the association between students' socioeconomic position and their health in primary and secondary education in developed economies.DesignScoping review. We included studies examining the role of at least one school or class characteristic on students’ health inequalities and was published since 1 January 2000, in English or German. We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Education Resources Information Center. We provided a narrative synthesis and an overview of findings. School characteristics were grouped into five broad categories: school composition, school climate, school policies and organisation, food environment and facilities.ResultsOf 8520 records identified, 26 studies were included. Twelve studies found a moderating and 3 a mediating effect. The strongest evidence came from studies examining the moderating effect of school composition, that is, the negative impact of a low individual socioeconomic position on mental health and well-being was aggravated by a low average socioeconomic position of schools. Evidence concerning the role of school climate, school stratification (eg, performance base tracking) and sponsorship, food environment and sport facilities and equipment was generally weak or very weak and mostly based on singular findings. Overall, favourable meso-level characteristics mitigated the negative impact of low individual socioeconomic position on health outcomes.ConclusionsSchool characteristics affect health inequalities in children and adolescents to some degree, but future research is necessary to strengthen the existing evidence and address under-represented aspects in school characteristics and health outcomes.
RetroBRACE: clinical, socioeconomic and functional–biomechanical outcomes 2 years after ACL repair and InternalBrace augmentation in comparison to ACL reconstruction and healthy controls—experimental protocol of a non-randomised single-centre comparative study
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Bühl Linda , Nüesch Corina , Pagenstert Geert , Mündermann Annegret , Egloff Christian 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDespite good clinical outcomes reported in the literature, to date, scientific evidence for the functional and biomechanical benefit of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair with augmentation is scarce. We present an experimental protocol for a detailed multimodal (clinical, socioeconomic, functional and biomechanical) comparative study in patients after primary ACL repair and InternalBrace augmentation, patients after ACL reconstruction and healthy controls.Methods and analysisIn this non-randomised single-centre comparative study with prospective data collection with three arms (patients 2 years after ACL repair and InternalBrace augmentation; patients 2 years after ACL reconstruction using hamstring autografts; and healthy controls), 30 participants per study arm will be included. The study is designed as non-inferiority study with three arms. Required sample size was estimated based on data reported in the literature on muscle strength, proprioception and balance parameters, resulting in at least 28 participants per group. Outcome parameters include patient-reported outcome measures (EQ-5D-5L, Tegner Activity Scale, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee and ACL-Return to Sports Injury Scale), socio-economic parameters, anterior tibial translation, range of motion and functional-biomechanical data of the lower extremities. Functional–biomechanical parameters include proprioception, isokinetic muscle strength, single-leg balance, walking, running and single-leg hops with additional lower extremity 3D joint kinematics and kinetics and muscle activity. These parameters will be compared between limbs in patients, between groups and to the current literature.Ethics and disseminationThe results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. Ethical approval was obtained by the regional ethics board (Ethics Committee Northwest Switzerland EKNZ 2020–00551), and the study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov.Trial registration numberNCT04429165.
Low-dose belimumab for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at low disease activity: protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sun Fangfang , Huang Wenyan , Chen Jie , Zhao Liling , Zhang Danting , Wang Xiaodong , Wan Weiguo , Dai Sheng-Ming , Chen Sheng , Li Ting , Ye Shuang 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSLE is a chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease with relapsing–remitting pattern. B-lymphocyte stimulator was involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The humanised monoclonal antibody belimumab with 10 mg/kg was effective for active patients. However, the efficacy of low-dose belimumab for prevention of disease flares in patients with SLE with low disease activity is to be explored.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients who have Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) scores no higher than 6; with no A score or no more than one B score on the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) scale; and who are treated with prednisone (≤20 mg per day) at screening will be enrolled. 334 adults will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive intravenous 120 mg belimumab or placebo (saline) arm on weeks 0, 2, and 4, and then every 4 weeks until 48 weeks, with standard of care. The primary outcome measure is a composite index of severe or mild-to-moderate disease flares (SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index) within 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the percentage of severe flare, the percentage of mild-to-moderate flare, time to first disease flare, changes in prednisone dose, SELENA-SLEDAI, as well as BILAG score, the percentage of patients achieving prednisone free and safety analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Renji Hospital, Huashan Hospital and the Sixth People’s Hospital. The trial has been registered and the detailed information is available athttps://clinicaltrialsgov/ct2/show/NCT04515719. The results of this clinical trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and key findings will also be presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04515719.
Application of Hadoop-Based Cloud Computing in Teaching Platform Research
Authors: Liu Chang 
Published: January 2022

This article explains the knowledge properties for characterization and research outcomes. It deals with developing and integrating the Hadoop cloud computing platform. The platform utilized in this paper is a one-piece learning algorithm, a statistical model and a cloud-based selection model. Hadoop supports this model, which is suitable for data size computing. We develop Cloud Computing integrated Autocorrelation Function (CCiACF) computation model based on Hadoop learning and implement an efficient teaching platform research data processing and correlation system. Multiple simulations are conducted on the Hadoop platform under various operating conditions to check the training ability’s exactness and characteristics. The Spark Structure of this research is to successfully and effectively develop computational system performance and improve teaching platform research models using Hadoop based cloud computing. Various experimental studies have been performed, and findings indicate that the method proposed is highly successful in data collection, governance and analysis.
Hydrothermally Synthesized Anode Material with High Activity and Stability for Direct Methanol Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Yao Xueli , Zhao Yicheng , Li Yongdan 
Published: January 2022

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a highly efficient energy converting device which can convert chemical energy in fuels directly into electrical energy with little emission[1]. In order to lower the temperature of SOFC, ceramic-molten salt composite electrolyte materials with efﬁcient ionic conductivity has been widely investigated. However, the corresponding NiO anode could not be sintered efficiently in the SOFC, leading to a low conductivity and activity. In this work, we synthesize NiO-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (NiO-SDC) composite anode powders with nano-sized particles through a hydrothermal technique for the first time[2]. The anode sintered at 700 ˚C exhibits an electrical conductivity of above 100 S×cm-1, three orders of magnitude higher than that of a similar solid-mixed composite anode. The SDC-carbonate composite electrolyte supported single cell with the composite anode exhibits a maximum power density (P
max) of 738 mW×cm-2 at 700 ˚C with H2 as fuel, much higher than that of a similar cell with a solid-mixed anode. The nano-sized particles and uniform distribution of different phase increase the conductivity and the activity of the anode.
In order to improve the stability of the anode with hydrocarbon fuels, Nb is doped into the NiO-SDC anode. The cell with 5Nb-NiO-SDC (the molar ratio of Nb/Ni is 0.05:1) as the anode shows a higher P
max (687 mW×cm-2) and stability than that with the NiO-SDC as the anode with methanol as the fuel (Fig. 1). In Nb-NiO-SDC anode, Nb2O5 adsorbs water vapor produced from the electrochemical reaction and provides surface hydroxyl, which could oxidize the carbon deposited on the Ni surface.
Fig. 1. I-V and I-P curves of single cells with Nb-NiO-SDC anodes at 700 oC with methanol as the fuel

Keywords: SOFC; Nickel anode; Niobium; Methanol; Carbon deposition

References

[1] M. G. Bellino, J. G. Sacanell, D. G. Lamas, et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2007, 129: 3066-3067.
[2] X. L. Yao, P. Li, B. L. Yu, et al., International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42: 22192-22200.

Figure 1
The Effect of Different Additives in the in-Situ Stress of Thin Co Films
Authors: Graciano Vinicius Primo , Stafford Gery R. , Bertocci Ugo 
Published: January 2022

Fe, Co and Ni (and their alloys) are widely used due to their interesting ferromagnetic, chemical, and physical properties. Electrodeposited thin films tend to develop sizable mechanical stresses as a result of the nucleation and growth process. Often, these stresses can approach or exceed the yield stress of the bulk material and can lead to loss of adhesion and the generation of bulk and surface defects. Models have been developed that treat steady-state stress as a dynamic competition between tensile and compressive stress generation mechanisms that are largely governed by atomic mobility, microstructure, and deposition rate. Although additives are often used to mitigate residual stress during thin film growth, the exact mechanisms by which these additives influence residual stress is an active area of research.
In this talk, we examine the growth stress associated with electrodeposition of Co thin films onto (111)-textured Au cantilever electrodes from 0.5 M Na2SO4 containing 0.1 M CoSO4 and 0.5 M H3BO3. The stress was measured with an optical cantilever curvature technique that can be used during deposition to determine the real-time stress evolution. Deposition was also examined using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) in order to determine the current efficiency as a function of both overpotential and deposition time. We have measured the average biaxial film stress as a function of overpotential and observe a significant increase in tensile stress as the deposition potential is made more negative. These results are discussed in the context of stress generating models that appear in the literature. The growth stress was also examined from 0.5 M Na2SO4 + 0.1 M CoSO4 electrolyte with controlled additions of glycine and boric acid. Each additive was studied under a specific potential window, as determined by the observed influence the additives have on Co deposition. Glycine acts as a buffer, maintaining a stable H+ concentration. The buffering product glycinate (Gly-) complexes with Co2+, thereby shifting the deposition window. Baths with boric acid have an average current efficiency between 40 and 90%, produce deposits with high tensile stress which undergo little postdeposition relaxation. Current efficiency from glycine baths range between 20 and 70%. Deposits generally have lower tensile stress and exhibit additional post-deposition stress relaxation.