bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious policing: how religion and level of religiosity shape officer’s interaction with minority groups
Authors: Miles-Johnson Toby 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLike other Western nations, policing in Australia is considered a secular practice. Whilst policing in Australia is meant to be free from the influence of religious ideals and religious doctrine, it is unknown whether Australian police officers are influenced by the social practices, morals, beliefs, cultural practices, and laws fortified by religious ideologies. Arguably religious beliefs may influence police officers’ adherence to retributive policing practices, police prejudice towards certain groups, and intergroup anxiety, but research examining this is missing from the extant Australian policing literature. As such, this study determines how Australian officers’ religious identity and individual level of religiosity (religious belief, religious knowledge, religious experience, religious practice, and religious consequence) may shape policing of people from minority groups during police–citizen interaction. Using a logistic regression, the results from this research conducted with police officers from one Australian state police organisation (N = 1172) indicate that many officers with high levels of religiosity perceive that they are likely to follow their religion's teachings and doctrines closely and will apply them in different contexts at work, which may also shape their judgement of people from minority groups during police–citizen interaction.
Biomarkers and Disease Trajectories Influencing Women’s Health: Results from the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Yang Haomin , Pawitan Yudi , Fang Fang , Czene Kamila , Ye Weimin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWomen’s health is important for society. Despite the known biological and sex-related factors influencing the risk of diseases among women, the network of the full spectrum of diseases in women is underexplored. This study aimed to systematically examine the women-specific temporal pattern (trajectory) of the disease network, including the role of baseline physical examination indexes, and blood and urine biomarkers. In the UK Biobank study, 502,650 participants entered the cohort from 2006 to 2010, and were followed up until 2019 to identify disease incidence via linkage to the patient registers. For those diseases with increased risk among women, conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), and the binomial test of direction was further used to build disease trajectories. Among 301 diseases, 82 diseases in women had ORs > 1.2 and p < 0.00017 when compared to men, involving mainly diseases in the endocrine, skeletal and digestive systems. Diseases with the highest ORs included breast diseases, osteoporosis, hyperthyroidism, and deformity of the toes. The biomarker and disease trajectories suggested estradiol as a risk predictor for breast cancer, while a high percentage of reticulocyte, body mass index and waist circumference were associated with an increased risk of upper-limb neuropathy. In addition, the risk of cholelithiasis was increased in women diagnosed with dyspepsia and diaphragmatic hernia. In conclusion, women are at an increased risk of endocrine, skeletal and digestive diseases. The biomarker and disease trajectories in women suggested key pathways to a range of adverse outcomes downstream, which may shed light on promising targets for early detection and prevention of these diseases.
Collaboration and partnerships between South African higher education institutions and stakeholders: case study of a post-apartheid University
Authors: Bidandi Fred , Anthony Ambe Nofor , Mukong Claudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper we attempt to locate collaboration and partnerships between higher education institutions and their stakeholders. These include the state, students, teaching and administrative staff, the community and corporate entities. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of stakeholders to the developmental trajectory and sustenance of higher education institutions using the University of the Western Cape in Cape Town, South Africa as the case study. The paper analyses existing scholarship to understand the importance of stakeholders and their impact on higher education institutions. The study first examines the stakeholders’ concept in the post-apartheid period, the concept of stakeholder in relation to HEIs, UWC and collaborations and partnership with stakeholders from a theoretical perspective, and the stakeholder collaborations and partnership from UWC perspective. The study adopted a qualitative approach utilising existing data from literature and interviews with participants. Conceptual analysis was used to analyse the data. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key participants. In total, 10 participants participated in the interviews.
Safety and Efficacy of Elective Switch from Nilotinib to Imatinib in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , Moukalled Nour , Mahfouz Rami , El Cheikh Jean , Bazarbachi Ali , Abou Dalle Iman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe treatment of newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with nilotinib has resulted in a higher rate of major molecular (MMR) and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) at 12 months compared to imatinib but at a higher cumulative cost and increased risk of serious adverse events. To maintain long-term efficacy and minimize both toxicity and costs, we aimed at evaluating in a prospective single-center trial the efficacy and safety of a response-directed switch from nilotinib to imatinib after 12 months in patients newly diagnosed with chronic phase CML. Thirteen adult patients were enrolled. Twelve patients started on nilotinib 300 mg twice daily. Eleven patients completed one year of nilotinib and were switched to imatinib 400 mg daily as per protocol. At 3 months, all patients achieved a complete hematologic response, with 7 (58%) patients had early molecular response. At 12 months, all patients achieved CCyR, of whom 5 (42%) and 4 (33%) patients achieved MMR and MR4.5, respectively. Three (27%) patients switched back to nilotinib after 18, 24, and 51 months respectively: 1 patient because of loss of CCyR after 18 months, and 2 patients because of imatinib intolerance. At last follow-up, all patients (n = 12) were alive and in MMR, 6 (50%) of them in continuous MR4.5. These findings suggest that response directed switch from nilotinib to imatinib at 12 months is capable of maintaining long-term response, with manageable side effects. This approach warrants further exploration with larger prospective trials. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01316250, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT01316250&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=.
On the multi-fidelity approach in surrogate-based multidisciplinary design optimisation of high-aspect-ratio wing aircraft
Authors: Lobo do Vale J. , Sohst M. , Crawford C. , Suleman A. , Potter G. , Banerjee S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe reduction of computational costs in the context of the Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation of a typical medium-range aircraft was investigated through an assessment of active constraints and the use of multi-fidelity models-based estimation of drag and structural stress. The results show that for this problem, from the set of considered constraints that includes flutter boundary, the active constraint is a 2.5g pull up Maximum Take Off Weight. Results show that the multi-fidelity approach reduced the required high-fidelity aerodynamic number of evaluations, for both drag assessment and stress assessment with sufficient level of accuracy for the former and conservatively for the latter. Further computational cost reduction can be achieved using a surrogate model based Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation. The best configuration attained shows an Aspect Ratio increase of 16%, a reduction of 4.5% in fuel consumption and wing structural weight increase of 2.7% relative to a predefined baseline configuration.
Effects of religion on the course of suicidality among geriatric patients with mood disorders
Authors: Rosmarin David H. , Pirutinsky Steven , Park Soohyun , Drury Mia , Harper David , Forester Brent P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundA growing volume of research suggests that religion protects against late-life suicide, but it remains unclear whether effects are relevant to clinical samples, which facets of religion are most relevant, and variations over the course of mood disorders (e.g. during periods of euthymia, depression, and/or heightened suicidality).MethodEighty adults aged 55–85 years with mood disorders completed assessments of religion (affiliation, service attendance, importance of religion, belief and faith in God), depression, and suicidality over time (M = 7.31 measurements over M = 727 days). We computed metrics to identify mean and maximum levels of depression and suicidality, and the number of episodes of significant depression and suicidality experienced by each participant.ResultsReligious affiliation and importance of religion, but not service attendance, belief, or faith in God, were associated with lower mean and maximum depression. Conversely, all facets of religion predicted significantly lower mean and maximum levels of suicidality (rs ranging from −0.24 to −0.39), and substantially less likelihood of experiencing significant suicidality during the study (ORs ranging from 0.19 to 0.33). Service attendance, belief, and faith in God predicted less suicidality even among individuals who did not affiliate with a religious group.ConclusionsReligious factors, particularly faith in God, are associated with substantially less suicidality over time among older adults with mood disorders, irrespective of religious affiliation.
Testing transactional processes between parental support and adolescent depressive symptoms: From a daily to a biennial timescale
Authors: Boele Savannah , Nelemans Stefanie A. , Denissen Jaap J. A. , Prinzie Peter , Bülow Anne , Keijsers Loes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTransactional processes between parental support and adolescents’ depressive symptoms might differ in the short term versus long term. Therefore, this multi-sample study tested bidirectional within-family associations between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms in adolescents with datasets with varying measurement intervals: Daily (N = 244, Mage = 13.8 years, 38% male), bi-weekly (N = 256, Mage = 14.4 years, 29% male), three-monthly (N = 245, Mage = 13.9 years, 38% male), annual (N = 1,664, Mage = 11.1 years, 51% male), and biennial (N = 502, Mage = 13.8 years, 48% male). Preregistered random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) showed negative between- and within-family correlations. Moreover, although the preregistered models showed no within-family lagged effect from perceived parental support to adolescent depressive symptoms at any timescale, an exploratory model demonstrated a negative lagged effect at a biennial timescale with the annual dataset. Concerning the reverse within-family lagged effect, increases in adolescent depressive symptoms predicted decreases in perceived parental support 2 weeks and 3 months later (relationship erosion effect). Most cross-lagged effects were not moderated by adolescent sex or neuroticism trait level. Thus, the findings mostly support adolescent-driven effects at understudied timescales and illustrate that within-family lagged effects do not generalize across timescales.
Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Scale for Children and Young People (CBTS-CYP) in a Turkish sample
Authors: Gormez Vahdet , Çakıroğlu Süleyman , Bıkmazer Alperen , Stallard Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) training is highly demanded by clinicians; however, a standardized competence assessment for professionals working with children and young people (CYP) can be problematic. Psychometric tools used for this purpose are typically adult oriented measures.Aim:The present study provides psychometric properties of the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Scale for Children and Young People (CBTS-CYP) derived from a comparative analysis with the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS).Method:The CBTS-CYP was used alongside CTS in a CBT supervision training course, consisting of a cohort of 51 therapists. A total of 36 audio/video recorded full CBT sessions were assessed for the purpose of determining CBT competence and adherence to the theory and model. The training involved a total of 80 hours of supervision in 10 meetings via an online videoconferencing platform between July 2020 and February 2021.Results:Face validity and inter-rater reliability of CBTS-CYP were high, with the intraclass correlation values being good (0.60–0.74) or excellent (0.74 and above); the correlations of each CBTS-CYP and CTS items were significant; internal consistency of the scale showed that Cronbach alpha values for total-scale and its two subdimensions were above .93. For a cut-off score of 55 out of 90, sensitivity reached 90.73% and specificity 90.73%. A score of 2 points or above from any single item could be considered as the second minimum criterion for competence.Conclusions:CBTS-CYP offers a valid and reliable scale to evaluate the competence and adherence quality of CBT sessions with children and adolescents.
Rice blast resistance gene profiling of Thai, Japanese and international rice varieties using gene-specific markers
Authors: Teerasan Wattanaporn , Moonsap Pattaraborn , Longya Apinya , Damchuay Katanyutita , Ito Shin-ichi , Tasanasuwan Piyama , Kate-Ngam Sureeporn , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most damaging diseases of rice worldwide. Cultivation of rice varieties carrying resistance genes is the most economic and successful strategy to control the disease. In this study, 451 rice varieties from around the world including 363 Thai landrace rice varieties, 21 Thai improved rice varieties, 43 Japanese rice varieties and 24 worldwide rice varieties were screened by PCR technique using gene-specific markers for 10 rice blast resistance genes: Pi9, Piz-t, Pi50, Pigm(t), Pid2, Pid3, Pia, Pik, Pi54 and Pita. The results showed that 382 (99.48%) Thai rice varieties have at least one resistance gene and two rice varieties, ‘Hom’ and ‘Bak muay’, contained eight out of ten screened rice blast resistance genes. 320 rice varieties (83.33%) contained three or more rice blast resistance genes. The frequency of the rice blast resistance gene ranges from 87.76–9.64 per cent, of which the Pid3 gene has the highest frequency and the Pi54 gene has the lowest frequency. Two major resistance genes, found in Japanese rice varieties, are the Pik gene (76.74%) and the Pi9 gene (72.09%). While two major resistance genes, found in the international rice varieties are the Pi9 gene (66.67%) and the Pi54 gene (62.50%). The disease resistance gene profile of each rice variety obtained from this study will benefit the rice blast resistant breeding programme in the future.
On the Role of E‐F Region Coupling in the Generation of Nighttime MSTIDs During Summer and Equinox: Case Studies Over Northern Germany
Authors: Sivakandan Mani , Martinis Carlos , Otsuka Yuichi , Chau Jorge L. , Norrell Jessica , Mielich Jens , Conte J. Federico , Stolle Claudia , Rodríguez‐Zuluaga J. , Shinbori Atsuki , Nishioka Michi , Tsugawa Takuya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSimultaneous observations from a 630 nm all‐sky airglow imager, GNSS‐TEC receivers, and an ionosonde are used to investigate the role of E‐ and F‐region coupling on the generation of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). The primary observations are OI 630 nm airglow images taken by an all‐sky imager in Kühlungsborn (54.07°N; 11.46°E, 53.79°N Mlat.), a site in northern Germany. Out of 226 nights of observations, MSTIDs were found only in 18 nights, demonstrating the low occurrence rate over Kühlungsborn. We focused on four MSTIDs events: two during the vernal equinox and two during summer. Coincident measurements of detrended GNSS‐TEC supported the presence of MSTIDs during the selected events, and simultaneous observations from the ionosonde in Juliusruh (54.60°N, 13.4°E, 54.02°N Mlat.) showed sporadic‐E (Es) layer and spread‐F activity in the E‐ and F‐region, respectively. We observed the onset of the observed MSTIDs to be around the 15°–20°E longitude and 60–45°N latitude belts. Additionally, we found that in each case, the onset of MSTIDs coincides with the presence of an Es layer with sporadic‐E trace is observed (foEs) exceeding 4 MHz. This suggests that an Es layer with foEs ≥ 4MHz was a source of the generation of these MSTIDs. Altitude of the Es layer could be another important factor in generating MSTIDs. The Es layer should exist at an altitude where Hall conductivity is large, as happened in the present study.
Experimental Constraints on Magma Storage Conditions of Two Caldera‐Forming Eruptions at Towada Volcano, Japan
Authors: Nakatani Takayuki , Kudo Takashi , Suzuki Toshihiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTowada volcano is an active volcano in northeast Japan, that caused two large caldera‐forming eruptions at 36 ka (episode N) and 15.5 ka (episode L). Petrological analyses and phase equilibrium experiments were performed on silicic endmember rhyolitic pumices from these two eruptions to constrain the pre‐eruptive magma storage conditions. A common mineral assemblage of plagioclase + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + magnetite + ilmenite was observed in both eruptions, whereas amphibole (hornblende) was observed only in the episode L pumice. Mineral thermometers presented temperatures of 832–883°C and 802–870°C for the episode N and L pumices, respectively, with an oxygen fugacity of ∼nickel–nickel oxide (NNO) + 1 in log units. The water‐saturation pressures evaluated using the plagioclase‐melt hygrometer were in the range of ∼100–200 MPa. Experiments at 100–350 MPa and 825–900°C under water‐saturated and NNO‐buffered conditions successfully reproduced the mineral assemblages in both pumices, except for magnetite. Further constraints by phase compositions and phase proportions resulted in the preferred storage conditions of 840–850°C and 150–170 MPa for both eruptions. The emergence of hornblende in the episode L magma was likely caused by the higher CaO content compared to the episode N magma and not by the difference in the storage conditions. The storage depths at ∼5–7 km coincide with the depth of the low seismic velocity beneath the present Towada volcano, suggesting possible magma accumulation at the same depths as in the past caldera‐forming eruptions.
Oxidized and Reduced Sulfur Observed by the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Instrument Suite on the Curiosity Rover Within the Glen Torridon Region at Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Wong Gregory M. , Franz Heather B. , Clark Joanna V. , McAdam Amy C. , Lewis James M. T. , Millan Maëva , Ming Douglas W. , Gomez Felipe , Clark Benton , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Navarro‐González Rafael , House Christopher H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has been assessing the habitability and geologic history of Gale crater, Mars since landing in 2012. One of the primary objectives of the mission was to investigate a clay‐bearing unit identified using orbital spectral data, designated the Glen Torridon (GT) region. This region was of particular interest because of its elevated abundance of clay minerals that may have preserved geochemical evidence of ancient habitable environments. The Curiosity rover explored the GT region for ∼750 sols and analyzed eight drilled samples with the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite using evolved gas analysis‐mass spectrometry. Evolved sulfur‐bearing gases provided insight about the composition of sulfur‐containing compounds in Martian samples. Evolved gases were analyzed by three methods to understand the oxidation state of sulfur in the samples: (a) SO2 evolution temperature, (b) quadratic discriminant analysis comparing SAM data to SAM‐like laboratory investigations, and (c) sulfur isotope values from evolved 34SO2/32SO2. The results of these three methods were consistent with the majority of sulfur in the GT region being in an oxidized state, but two of the eight samples analyzed by SAM were consistent with the presence of small amounts of reduced sulfur. The oxidized and reduced sulfur could have a variety of sources and represents a nonequilibrium assemblage that could have supported putative ancient chemolithotrophic metabolisms.
Magnetic Field Above Stratified Earth in Magnetic Loop Through‐the‐Earth Wireless Communications
Authors: Yan Lincan , Reyes Miguel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvaluation of the very‐low frequency, ultralow frequency, or extremely low frequency magnetic field (H‐field) due to a buried or on‐surface magnetic dipole or antenna is important for applications such as geophysical exploration and through‐the‐Earth (TTE) wireless communications. In this study, we develop an explicit form of magnetic field over multi‐layer Earth medium (N > 3). The generalized solution is derived for operating frequency, mine depth, and Earth conductivity that would be typically related to TTE applications.
Inter‐Basin Transfers Extend the Benefits of Water From Forests to Population Centers Across the Conterminous U.S.
Authors: Liu Ning , Dobbs G. Rebecca , Caldwell Peter V. , Miniat Chelcy Ford , Sun Ge , Duan Kai , Nelson Stacy A. C. , Bolstad Paul V. , Carlson Christopher P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClean water from forests is commonly used to supply drinking water to communities both within and outside basin boundaries through inter‐basin transfers (IBTs). Here, we modified the Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) model to provide estimates of mean water yield and the proportion of mean flow originating on forested lands at the 12‐Digit Hydrologic Unit Code scale across the conterminous United States (CONUS). We accounted for the benefits of forests for drinking water supply and receiving populations through IBTs by incorporating a new IBT database, surface intake location information for public drinking water systems, and modeled water yield from forests. We compiled the new database of 594 IBTs ranging from 0.01 million m3 yr−1 to 8,900 million m3 yr−1, for a total transferred volume of 116,894 million m3 yr−1. According to our results, forested lands comprised 28.7% of the total land area across CONUS, but contributed 46% of the total surface water yield. Approximately 125.5 million people derived more than 10% of their surface drinking water supply from forested lands, and 83.1 million people received more than 50% of their surface drinking water supply from forested lands. Of those 83.1 million people receiving more than 50% of their surface drinking water supply from forested lands, 19.4 million people obtained some (≥0.01%) of that water through IBTs. We conclude that accounting for IBTs is critical to accurately assess the contribution of forested watersheds for surface drinking water supply. Hydrologic models for assessment and decision making must include IBTs to fully account for the effects of climate change and human population dynamics on water resource availability at watershed to regional scales. Results from this study can aid water resource and forest managers in developing integrated watershed management plans at a time when climate change, population growth, and land use change threaten water supplies.