bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation characteristics of deep, low-frequency tremors in Shikoku, Japan using machine learning approaches
Authors: Chen Kate , Chiu Hao-Yu , Obara Kazushige 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shikoku island, Japan lies in the western Nankai Trough and showcases along-strike segmentation of slow earthquake behavior. Whether the spatial variation of tremor behavior reflects the regional differences in structure and source properties and how much such differences can be recognized by the seismic signals themselves are two questions addressed in this paper. Taking advantage of advanced methods in recognizing and classifying signals using machine learning approaches, we attempt to answer them by conducting signal classification experiments in Shikoku. Based on the tremor catalog from 1 June 2014 to 31 March 2015, the tremors recorded in four different areas were treated as different classes and segmented into 60-s-long signals. The number of tremors in four different areas (A to D, from east to west) reached 15000, 31000, 10000, and 16000, respectively. To efficiently distinguish between tremors from different areas, we applied a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier with Fisher’s class separability criteria to select the optimal feature subset. The resulting classification performance reached more than 90% at all 12 stations. We further designed a triangle test to select the features that can better represent the differences in source properties between areas. We found that the most efficient features were associated with (1) the number of peaks in the temporal evolution of discrete Fourier transforms and (2) the energy distribution in the autocorrelation function (ACF). In order to match the difference in behavior revealed by the ACF, the size of the tremor zone, which mainly controls how long the seismic energy lasts in a tremor episode, was determined to be largest in Area B and smallest in Area C. The heterogeneity of the asperities in a tremor zone, which may control how spiky the tremor signals become over time, was determined to be strong in Areas B and C. Together with previously documented variations in slow earthquake behavior in the same area, we finally propose a conceptual model that provides a better understanding of the regional differences in the tremor sources of Shikoku.
An efficient UV-C device for decontaminating personal protective equipment (PPE) soiled with human Corona and Influenza virus: Solution for small-scale reuse
Authors: Varma Aparna , Bhowmick Sucharita , Khan Afruja , Yadav Sandeep , Gupta Gourav , Mallick Amirul Islam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In recent times, the world has witnessed a substantial surge in the use of non-recyclable items such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has increased the environmental pollution levels and caused a huge toll on the global waste management system. Hence, an effective strategy to resolve the logistic difficulties in the demand-supply disparity and sustainable management of used PPE is the need of the hour. Through this work, we aim to develop a cost-effective, convenient, and effective strategy to safely reuse PPE, by engineering an in-house make UV-C-based Sanitization Device (UVSD) and systematically evaluating its potential to disinfect virus-contaminated PPE. To this end, we engineered a UV-C-based Sanitization Device (UVSD) and tested its capacity to disinfect PPE, experimentally soiled with human Influenza (A/PR/8/1934/H1N1) and human Coronavirus (HCoV-OC43) through in vitro cell culture assays. Briefly, percentage cell protection was determined by MTT assay, quantification of viral gene transcript numbers was calculated by RT-qPCR and viral titer was determined by viral plaque formation assay. Further, Indirect immunofluorescence and viral hemagglutination assays were also performed to visualize and quantify the residual viral titers after UV-C irradiation. Our results demonstrate that a 15 min exposure of the virus-contaminated PPE within the UVSD cabinet could effectively inactivate both the H1N1 and HCoV-OC43 virus, suggesting its use at organizational levels, including in healthcare and other occupational settings.
Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating Choline Metabolism and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Shang Jin , Yang Qinyan , Dai Zonglin , Liang Yuxin , Lai Chunyou , Feng Tianhang , Zhong Deyuan , Zou Haibo , Ji Guibao , Sun Lelin , Su Yuhao , Yan Su , Chen Jie , Yao Yutong , Shi Ying , Huang Xiaolun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease with presence of the progressive wound healing response caused by liver injury. Currently, there are no approved therapies for liver fibrosis. Exosomes derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs-Exo) have displayed a prominent therapeutic effect on liver diseases. However, few studies have evaluated therapeutic effect of hADMSCs-Exo in liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and its precise mechanisms of action remain unclear. Herein, we investigated anti-fibrotic efficacy of hADMSCs-Exo in vitro and in vivo, and identified important metabolic changes and the detailed mechanism through transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. We found hADMSCs-Exo could inhibit the proliferation of activated hepatic stellate cells through aggravating apoptosis and arresting G1 phase, effectively inhibiting the expression of profibrogenic proteins and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Moreover, it could significantly block collagen deposition and EMT process, improve liver function and reduce liver inflammation in liver cirrhosis mice model. The omics analysis revealed that the key mechanism of hADMSCs-Exo anti-hepatic fibrosis was the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and affecting the changes of metabolites in lipid metabolism, and mainly regulating choline metabolism. CHPT1 activated by hADMSCs-Exo facilitated formation and maintenance of vesicular membranes. Thus, our study indicates that hADMSCs-Exo can attenuate hepatic stellate cell activation and suppress the progression of liver fibrosis, which holds the significant potential of hADMSCs-Exo for use as extracellular nanovesicles-based therapeutics in the treatment of liver fibrosis and possibly other intractable chronic liver diseases.
Dark-Current-Shunting Method to Realize Nearly-Zero Dark Current and Ultrahigh Signal-to-Noise Ratio Perovskite X-ray Detector and Image Array
Authors: Jin Peng , Tang Yingjie , Li Dingwei , Wang Yan , Ran Peng , Yuan Ye , Zhu Wenjuan , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu , Zhu Bowen , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have revealed promising properties for X-ray detection. However, their dark currents are usually tens to hundreds of times larger than the typical technical requirements, becoming one of the biggest inhibitors for practical applications. Here, we designed a detector architecture with a unique dark-current-shunting (DCS) electrode to split the flow of dark and photocurrent. Theoretically, the dark current can be completely suppressed to 0 A, with a strong and more stable photocurrent. We experimentally fabricated the DCS X-ray detector, which exhibits a dark current of 51.1 fA at 5 V mm-1, reaching the lowest measurable current for a semiconductor analyzer. In spite of unoptimized perovskite thickness, our prototype DCS X-ray detector delivers a detection limit as low as 7.84 nGyair s-1 and a sensitivity of 1.3 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is even outperforming many previously reported state-of-the-art single-crystal-based X-ray detectors by two orders of magnitude. Finally, a DCS detector array (64 x 64 pixels, pixel pitch of ~300 μm) is realized, and the proof-of-concept X-ray imaging is successfully demonstrated. This work provides a brand-new device strategy to fundamentally reduce the dark current and massively enhance the SNR of X-ray detectors and photodetectors in general.
Controllability and positivity constraints in population dynamics with age, size structuring and diffusion
Authors: SIMPORE Yacouba , Biccari Umberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, we consider the infinite dimensional linear control system describing the population model structured by age, size, and spatial position. The control is localized in the space variable as well as with respect to the age and size. For each control support, we give an estimate of the time needed to control the system to zero. We prove the null controllability of the model, using a technique avoids the explicit use of parabolic carleman estimates. Indeed, the method combines final-state observability estimates with the use of characteristics and L∞ estimates of the associated semigroup.
Solution Casting of Cellulose Acetate films. Influence of Surface Substrate and Humidity on Wettability, Morphology and Optical Properties
Authors: Kramar Ana , Ortega Irene Rodríguez , González-Gaitano Gustavo , González-Benito Javier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Variations on the processing conditions of conventional methods for polymeric film preparation may allow tuning certain properties. In this work, different casting surfaces and humidity are presented as variables to consider for cellulose acetate (CA) film preparation using conventional solution casting method. Specifically, borosilicate glass (BS), soda-lime glass (SL) and Teflon (PTFE) dishes have been used for casting and their influence on various properties on CA films assessed. The surfaces of glass dishes are smooth, while PTFE surface has a pattern constituted by concentric channels of micro dimensions (as seen by optical microscope), which is adopted by cast films upon drying. The resulting patterned films are translucent while smooth surface films are transparent. Apart from different surface of the substrate for casting, humidity influence on CA films is evaluated in terms of conditions during the evaporation of solvent from solution (35 %, 55 % and 75 % humidity). The increase of the humidity produces smoother surfaces and higher film crystallinity as shown by XRD and DSC; however, wettability of films does not seem to be influenced by this variable. Due to the specific morphology of the patterned films, change in opacity upon wetting is detected, from translucent to transparent, while removal of water from the surface restores the translucency. This approach can be used for micropatterning of films that can serve as humidity sensor.
Dynamics of Pth Levels in the Development of Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Vilar José Alberto , Gómez Joaquín , Brabyn Philip , Barranquero Alberto González , Puerta Ana , Porrero Belén , Luengo Patricia , Cebrián José María 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy. The identification of preoperative predictors could be helpful to identify patients at risk. This study aimed to evaluate the potential influence of preoperative PTH levels and their perioperative dynamics as a predictor of transient, protracted and permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism.
METHOD: A prospective, observational study that includes 100 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy.
RESULTS: Transient hypoparathyroidism was present in 42% of patients, 11% developed protracted hypoparathyroidism and 5% permanent hypoparathyroidism.
Patients who presented protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism had higher preoperative PTH levels. The protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism rate was higher in groups with greater preoperative PTH (0% group 1 vs. 5.7% group 2 vs. 21.6% group 3; p = 0,03) and (0 % vs. 8.3% vs. 20%; p = 0,442), respectively.
The rate of protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism was higher in patients with PTH at 24 hours lower than 6.6 pg/mL and whose percentage of PTH decline was higher than 90%.
The rate of transient hypoparathyroidism was higher in patients who showed a PTH decline rate of more than 60%. The percentage of PTH variance one week after surgery in patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism was significantly lower.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients in groups with higher preoperative PTH levels showed higher rates of protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism. PTH levels 24h after surgery lower than 6.6 pg/mL and a decline of more than 90% predict protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism. The percentage of PTH increase a week after surgery could predict permanent hypoparathyroidism.
Manipulating cavity photon dynamics by topologically curved space
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Yongsheng , Ren Yuhao , Luo Xiaoxuan , Li Bo , Chen Zaoyu , Liu Zhenzhi , Liu Fu , Cai Yan , Zhang Yanpeng , Liu Jin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asymmetric microcavities supporting Whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) are of great significance for on-chip optical information processing. We establish asymmetric microcavities on topologically curved surfaces, where the geodesic light trajectories completely reconstruct the cavity mode features. The curvature-mediated photon lifetime engineering enables the enhancement of the quality factors of periodic island modes by up to 200 times. Strong and weak coupling between modes of very different origins occur when the space curvature brings them into resonance, leading to a fine tailoring of the cavity photon energy and lifetime and the observation of non-Hermitian exceptional point (EP). At large space curvatures, the role of the WGMs is replaced by high-Q periodic modes protected by the high stability of island-like light trajectory. Our work demonstrates interesting physical mechanism at the crosspoint of optical chaotic dynamics, non-Hermitian physics and geodesic optical devices, and would initiate the novel area of geodesic microcavity photonics.
Relationship between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in adolescents with overweight and obesity
Authors: Caldú Xavier , Prats-Soteras Xavier , García-García Isabel , Prunell-Castañé Anna , Sánchez-Garre Consuelo , Cano Neus , Tor Encarnació , Sender-Palacios María José , Ottino-González Jonatan , Garolera Maite , Jurado María Ángeles 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background/Objective.
Excessive body weight has been related to lower cognitive performance. One of the mechanisms through which excess body weight may affect cognition is inflammation. Our study aims at distinguishing between the effects of body mass index (BMI) and those related to systemic inflammation on different aspects of cognition in adolescents with obesity and overweight.
Subjects/Methods.
One hundred and five adolescents with overweight or obesity between 12 and 21 years participated in the study. Levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factors α (TNFα) and fibrinogen were determined from blood samples. Cognitive performance was evaluated, and six cognitive composites were obtained: working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, decision-making, verbal memory, and fine motor speed. A single multivariate generalised lineal model was used to assess the influence of the four inflammatory biomarkers, as well as participants’ BMI, sex and age on the 6 cognitive indexes.
Results.
An inverse relationship between BMI and inhibitory control (F = 5.688, p = .019; β = − .212, p = .031), verbal memory (F = 5.404, p = .022; β = − .255, p = .009) and fine motor speed (F = 9.038, p = .003; β = − .319, p = .001) was observed. Levels of TNFα and fibrinogen were inversely related to inhibitory control (F = 5.055, p = .027; β = − .226, p = .021) and verbal memory (F = 4.732, p = .032; β = − .274, p = .005), respectively.
Conclusions.
Our data indicate that some components of executive functions, together with verbal memory, are sensitive to specific obesity-related inflammatory agents at early ages.
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Mitigates Radiation-induced Lung Injury Through Anti-inflammatory Effects and Downregulation of p38 MAPK and p53
Authors: Zhang Guoxing , Sun Ni , Li Xiaohua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Bioinformatics analysis technology was used to search for the core driving genes in the pathogenesis of radiation pneumonitis, and the results were verified by a radiation-induced murine lung injury model to find possible new targets for the treatment of radiation lung injury.
Method: Gene Expression Omnibus Database was used to identify Differentially expressed genes in radiation pneumonitis. DAVID database was used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to analyze abnormal expressions. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape. Discovery Studio 4.5 software was used to find the preferred inhibitor of the specific gene. A radiation-induced lung injury model was induced in female C57BL/6N mice. The specific inhibitors were administered by intraperitoneal injection 24 hours before and for 7 consecutive days after radiation. Lungs were harvested for further analysis 14 days and 10 weeks after radiation.
Results: We screened Syk as one of the most important driver genes of radiation pneumonitis by bioinformatics analysis, and screened the preferred Syk inhibitor fostamatinib from the drug database. Phosphorylation of Syk was highly expressed in irradiated lung tissue, fostamatinib inhibited the level of p-Syk expression. Syk inhibitor significantly alleviated the radiation-induced lung injury, and downregulated the increased expression of p38 MAPK, p53, IL-1β and IL-6 in lung tissue at 2 weeks after radiation. The level of TGF-β, Col1a1, α-SMA level, and degree of pulmonary fibrosis at 10 weeks after radiation was also decreased by Syk inhibitor.
Conclusion: Syk inhibitor may have a potential to be used as a targeted drug to treat radiation pneumonitis and inhibit the radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
HandWritten Digit Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ray Aman , Ameer Mahnaz , Giri Alisha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Handwriting recognition has been an active and challenging area. Handwriting recognition system plays a very important role in today’s world. At present time it is very difficult to find the correct meaning of handwritten documents as different people have different ways of writing digits or texts. There are many areas where we need to recognize the words, alphabets and digits like postal addresses, bank cheques etc. The main aim of this project is to make a GUI based application that allows users to predict the digits drawn on the interface using machine learning and shows the results in percentage how likely the prediction is correct. The project will be built using python and the application will be trained with the help of dataset from MNIST using linear regression algorithm
Paleochannel groundwater discharge to the River Niger in the Iullemmeden Basin estimated by sub- surface geophysics and piezometry mapping
Authors: MAHAMAN Rabilou ABDOU , NAZOUMOU Yahaya , FAVREAU Guillaume , OUSMANE Boukari ISSOUFOU , BOUCHER Marie , BABAYE Maman Sani ABDOU , LAWSON Fabrice M. A. , VOUILLAMOZ Jean-Michel , GUERO Abdou , LEGCHENKO Anatoly , TAYLOR Richard Graham 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In drylands groundwater is often the only perennial source of freshwater to sustain domestic water supplies and irrigation. Knowledge of the pathways and dynamics of groundwater discharge and recharge is essential to inform sustainable and rational management of limited water resources. The lower valley of the Dallol Maouri in Niger represents a large fossil tributary (i.e. paleochannel) of the River Niger and drains groundwater regionally from the Iullemmeden Basin through coarse-grained Quaternary sediments. The objective of this paper is to quantify groundwater discharge within this paleochannel using piezometry and surface geophysics (TDEM : Time Domain Electromagnetic, MRS : Magnetic Resonance Sounding). TDEM and MRS experiments were conducted at 21 sites along 3 transects show respectively the mean thickness of Quaternary alluvium varies from 11 m to 18 m with the effective porosities ranging from 20% to 33% and hydraulic conductivity of 2 × 10-3 m/s. Dense piezometric surveys along drainage channel reveal hydraulic gradients of 0.2 ‰ to 0.3 ‰ that indicate Darcy fluxes of 1,000 to 2,000 m3/day (dry season, i.e. minimum value). Paleochannel discharge, which currently provides baseflow to the River Niger is the focus local demand to increase access to water for drinking, livestock watering, and irrigation.
Magnitude of Malaria and Associated Factors Among Febrile Adults in Siraro District Public Health Facilities, Oromia Regional State, South West Ethiopia 2022
Authors: Lakew Yosef Yohanes , Fikrie Anteneh , Godana Sisay Bedane , Wariyo Fatuma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite significant efforts made to control malaria in Ethiopia the disease remains one of the top public health problems in the country. Baseline malaria prevalence and associated factor at high malaria area is important guide malaria control interventions, there was Paucity of information regarding study area. Therefor the aim of this study was to determine prevalence of malaria and associated factors among febrile adults in Siraro district health facilities, Oromia regional state, South West Ethiopia.
Methods
Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 317 febrile adult patients at Siraro district health facilities. Structured pre tested questioners were used to collect data. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. In order to identify factors associated with malaria infection bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was employed, The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value of < 0.05 was computed to show the strength of the association.
Result
The overall prevalence of malaria at the study area was 130(41.0%).Being farmer (AOR = 6.05; 95% CI: 1.38, 26.49), having poor knowledge on malaria transmission (AOR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.48, 5.88), Housing condition of wall wood (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI: 1.34–5.49) and houses with three and above windows (AOR = 6.82; 95% CI: 1.05–44.40) were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of malaria.
Conclusion
The prevalence of malaria at the study area was high as compared with the national wide figures. Being farmer, having poor knowledge on malaria transmission, Housing condition of wall wood and houses with three and above window were identified as the major factors. Therefore, the district malaria program officer, health workers in health facility and health extension workers should have to improve the knowledge of community on the way of malaria prevention.