bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of June Beetles in Pasture, 1984
Authors: Klein M. G. , Moyseenko J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a pasture in Todd, North Carolina (Watauga Co.). There was no measurable thatch, soil contained 20% organic matter. Air temperature at treatment time (27 Sep) was 63°; soil temperature at 4 inches was 55°F. The larvae were third instars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Individual plots were 18 X 20 ft. The granular material was applied with a cyclone rotary broadcast spreader. Liquid applications were made using a John Bean centrifugal pump sprayer with three 11005 Teejet nozzles mounted on a boom operating at full throttle with a 1(H) ml per sec rate, at 1(H) gal water per acre. Three days after treatment 0.28 inches rain occurred. Surviving larvae were sampled 239 days after treatment by cutting five 7 X 7 X 3-inch deep plugs into each 20 X 18 ft plot.
Greenbug (Biotype E) Control on Grain Sorghum with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1983
Authors: DePew L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted in a dryland field of grain sorghum at the Kans. Br. Agric. Exp. Stn., Garden City, KA. Eleven insecticide treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 4 rows wide (76-cm row spacing) and 10.7 m long. Treatments were applied as broadcast sprays over the row with a compressed air backpack sprayer delivering ca. 145 liters/ha at an operating pressure of 1.4 kg/cm2. A single application of insecticide was made on 2 Aug at which time plants were in the boot stage. Air temp at application was 24.4°C and wind was recorded at 8 km/h from the SW. Rainfall during the posttreatment sampling period was 0.25 cm on 4 Aug. Greenbugs were visually counted on 4 plants in each plot on 29 Jul (pretreatment) and 5, 9, 16 Aug (posttreatment). Yields were determined by machine harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot on 20 Sep and converting the data to kg/ha at 12.5% moisture.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Soybean Insect Pests, 1984
Authors: Yanes Jaime , Boethel David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots of soybean were established near St. Gabriel, Iberville Parish, LA. Plots measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (36-inch row spacing) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots receiving Dimilin (0.03 lb(AI)/acre) on 21 Aug were treated when plants were at the R3 growth stage. Although the treatment was not applied in combination with fungicides, the timing corresponded to that recommended for the second application of fungicides. The remaining plots were treated at the R5 growth stage on 8 Sep. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at a rate of 15.5 gal of finished formulation/acre at 30 psi. Posttreatment samples were taken at 2, 7 and 14 days using 50 sweeps per plot.
Comparison of Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of the Sugarcane Borer (Scb), Large-Plot Field Trial, 1983
Authors: Hensley S. D. , White W. H. , Pollet D. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar spray insecticide concentrates were applied in water to a field of sugarcane (plant cane crop) located at Little Texas plantation near Labadieville, LA for control of season-long SCB infestations. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with treatments replicated 3 times. Individual plots ranged in size from 1.7 to 2.3 acres; each plot consisted of a contiguous block of sugarcane surrounded by headlands and ditchbanks. Each spray concentrate was applied in water to the crop canopy from an airplane flown on 60-ft (10 row) swaths at a rate of 2 gal of finished formulation/acre/ application. The first application of insecticides was made after sugarcane internodes were visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks harbored small 1st to 3rd stage larvae in leafsheaths; they were repeated only when that level of infestation was found again in Guthion-treated plots. However, weekly SCB population monitoring was terminated 15 Sep when SCB damage is considered to no longer pose a threat to the Louisiana sugarcane crop. Only 2 applications were required to restrict SCB populations in guthion-treated plots below the economic threshold of crop damage; application dates were 16 Jul and 23 Aug. The efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined 29-30 Sep by comparing the percentages of sugarcane internodes bored (damaged) by season-long SCB larval infestations in treated plots to that found in untreated; 5 (10-stalk) samples randomly selected in each plot were scanned for external signs of internode penetration by SCB larvae.
European White Birch, Bronze Birch Borer Control, Ashland-Mansfield, Oh, 1982
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. , Lanphear L. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mauget’s Inject-A-Cide B (Bidrin) was evaluated for controlling bronze birch borer in infested trees. Fifteen landscape birches, heavily infested but with not more than 50% top dieback, were selected for evaluation. Injection procedures and rates outlined in the Mauget field manual were followed by a skilled technician using capsules containing 1 ml of Bidrin. Five trees were injected on 23 Jun and 5 Aug. All 10 injected and 5 untreated trees were felled and sampled between 31 Aug and 2 Sept. Treatment effectiveness was determined by counting the number of live larvae beneath 3 sections of bark (30 cm wide x tree circumference) from each tree.
Effect of Liquid Aqua Gro on Efficacy of Insecticides Against Japanese Beetle Grubs, Massachusetts, 1984
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were applied with and without AquaGro* wetting agent and tested for efficacy against Japanese beetle grubs on a lawn area in Waltham, Mass. Insecticides were applied at half the normal rate, and AquaGro* was applied (mixed directly with the insecticide) at 0, 8, or 16 fluid oz per 1,000 ft2. The materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applied in 3 qt water from a 3-gal capacity watering can. All applications were made in 2 (perpendicular) directions within each 8-ft by 8-ft plot. All tests were replicated 5 times in a RCB design. Plots were watered with 1.5 cm irrigation (pH 7.8) 2 h after application. All plots were treated 8 Aug and sampled 10 Oct. Two distinct square foot sections of sod, 3 inches deep, were removed from the center of each plot (at least 2.5 ft from any edge), inspected on the spot, and the number of healthy grubs recorded.
Control of Leafminer Using Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Products and Other Insecticides as Foliar Sprays, 1984
Authors: Knodel-Montz J. J. , Larew H. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticidal testing was conducted from 4 Jun to 29 Aug in a leafminer infested commercial greenhouse in Perry Hall, MD. Chrysanthemums were grown as single stem disbuds. Each treatment plot (2.3 m X 1 m) consisted of 150 plants and plots were arranged randomly in a bed. Treatments included: water check; Tween-20 check; neem + Tween-20; Margosan-0 (an experimental formulation of neem developed by Vikwood Ltd., Sheboygan, WI); Avid; Trigard; and Avid/Trigard. All treatments except Avid/Trigard were sprayed biweekly on 12 Jun, 26 Jun, 10 Jul, 24 Jul, 7 Aug, and 28 Aug using a handheld sprayer. For the Avid/Trigard treatment, Avid and Trigard were alternated weekly from 12 Jun to 28 Aug. Each treatment consisted of 1 liter per plot. Four plants from each treatment were sampled starting 19 Jun and continued biweekly until bloom (29 Jul). Numbers of mines, emerged pupae and adults were counted from samples.
Control of Leafminer Using Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Drenches, 1984
Authors: Larew H. G. , Knodel-Montz J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Crude neem seed extract and an experimental formulation of neem, Margosan-0 (Vikwood Ltd., Sheboygan, WI), were applied as soil drenches and compared for efficacy with Trigard in a leafminer-infested commercial greenhouse in Perry Hall, MD. Bed-grown, disbudded chrysanthemums were treated and sampled (4 plants/plot) biweekly, 5 times during the cropping cycle (19 Mar-13 Jun). Each treatment plot (2.3 m x 1 m) contained 150 plants, and plots were arranged randomly along the length of the bed. Except for the Trigard-sprayed plot, each plot was drenched with 15.6 liters of specified solution on each treatment date. Bed (23 m x 1 m) soil consisted of topsoil to which a bale of peat had been added. Plants were fertilized daily with a solution of 20N:20P:20K. Greenhouse temperatures averaged 27°C (day) and 16°C (night). Foliage from sampled plants was removed, and leafminers were reared from foliage at 24°C, 18:6 h photoperibd.
Persistence Study of Insecticides Used for Elm Leaf Beetle Control, Ft. Collins, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedling nursery trees at the C.S.U. State Forest Service Nursery were sprayed once on 4 different treatment dates: 11, 18, 27, and 25 Jun. All applications were made to run-off using a CO2 compressed air sprayer. Treated plots were 10-ft of bed (4 rows) and all trees were in the second year of development (2-3 ft tall). High temperatures and repeated sprinkler irrigation of plots occurred during the trial. Following the last treatment date, foliage was collected from all plots, cut, mixed, and fed to elm leaf beetle larvae. Larvae used were late instars collected from area trees and confined in Petri dishes at a 10 larvae/dish density. A total of 100 larvae were used for each date x insecticide treatment. Fresh foliage was given larvae, if needed, 48 h after the experiment began. Percent mortality was determined 72 h after the initial exposure of larvae to the treated foliage.
Balsam Fir, Control of Balsam Gall Midge, 1984
Authors: Bradbury R. L. , Osgood E. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Christmas tree plantation in Plymouth, Maine was used for the insecticide evaluations. Insecticides were applied to 0.25-acre blocks on 28 May using a Stihl SG 17 mistblower at a rate of 5 gal finished spray/acre. Insects were predominantly first instar although some unhatched eggs were present. Rain occurred 2 h after the last block was treated; however, the insecticides had dried on the foliage. Temperature at the time of application was 45-50°F. Two additional blocks were treated on 5 and 10 Jun with diazinon to provide efficacy data as gall formation progressed. No rain occurred within 24 h of either treatment and the temperature was 45-50°F at time of treatment. Counts of live larvae were made on 17 Jul to determine the level of control. The sampling unit was 2 current-year shoots taken from the upper third of the crown of 10 trees per block. Visual observations of damage were made in October.
Canadian Hemlock, Oriental/Asiatic Garden Beetle Grub Control, Long Island, Ny, 1984
Authors: Baker P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected turf insecticides was evaluated against Oriental/Asiatic garden beetle grub on Canadian hemlock trees growing in a commercial nursery. Experimental design consisted of treating 4 adjacent rows (ca 13.7 m) with ca 12 trees/row. Three check rows were established between treatments. All materials were liquids, premeasured in the laboratory, and applied with 3 gal of water per row through a watering can on 14 Aug. Materials were applied to the base of all trees. At treatment time the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature, 83°F; soil temperature (1 inch), 79°F, (3 inch) 78°F; soil type, sandy loam; soil moisture, 1.11 (w/d); water pH, 5.7; and sunny. On 23 Sep, five trees were randomly selected from each of the center 2 rows/treatment. Trees from the center row were randomly selected for the control. Trees were dug up as if to be shipped. The soil on the roots and within a 6-inch radius was screened through a US Standard Sieve Series #6 wire mesh screen. Species identifications were determined in the laboratory.
Gypsy Moth Larval Control Using Treated Tree Bands, Pa, 1983
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R. , Dripps James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A mixed forest stand with red oaks (7-12 m tall) was selected in Centre Co., PA on Jun 3 after inspection revealed numerous hatching gypsy moth egg masses. On Jun 8 plastic foam bands (approx. 8 cm wide) were placed around selected trees at 1.5 m above ground level. Plastic bands were either flat or had a 3-cm flap overhang at the top. Each often treatments were replicated 5 times in a RCB design. Treatments consisted of 3 aerosol foam formulations of 0.1% fenvalerate applied to the tree bands with and without flaps and foliar sprays (0.37% resmethrin). Treatments were applied between 13:00 and 15:00 with wind at 2-5 mph and temperature at 76-83°F. Tree bands were then treated every 7 days. Larval assessment was made by taking 1-minute counts of larvae by a single evaluator.
Gypsy Moth Larval Control Using Carbaryl with Different Sprayers and a Spreader Sticker, Pa, 1984
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R. , Dripps James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White oak trees (7-10 m tall) intermixed with red oaks and red maple were selected in Centre Co., PA on 11 Jun after inspection revealed a moderate population of second to fourth instar larvae were present. Two formulations of carbaryl with and without a spreader sticker (Nu-film 17) were applied using a hydraulic sprayer or a Solo backpack mist blower. The 12 pesticide treatments plus a control were replicated four times in a RCB design. Larval assessment was made using a 1-minute visual count of larvae performed by 1 observer. The pesticides were applied between 09:00 and 12:00 with wind 1-3 mph and temperature 65-70°F. Rainfall data were collected during each count period. Pre-spray counts indicated no differences between blocks. Rainfall totals were: 11-18 Jun (0.5 inch); 18-25 Jun (3.5 inch); 25 Jun-2 Jul (1.2 inch); 2-9 Jul (0.5 inch).
Pine Spittlebug Control, Howard, Pa, 1983
Authors: Shetlar David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White pine trees (2-2.5 m tall) were selected on 17 May near Howard, PA, Centre Co. if they contained at least 3 spittle masses. Five treatments plus a water control (replicated 5 times in a RCB design) were applied to run-off on 19 May using a 1.5-gal stainless steel hand-pump compression sprayer. Counts were made by inspecting spittle masses or live nymphs and counts were discontinued after 1 Jun because of adult emergence. Pre-spray counts showed that the blocks were not significantly different.
Scots Pine, Control of Spring Generation Crawlers of a Pine Needle Scale, Portage Co., Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pinus sylvestris (1.5-2 m tall) growing in a Christmas tree plantation were chosen for evaluating efficacy of insecticides against settled first stage nymphs. Heavily infested trees were sprayed 24 May, using a KWH backpack mistblower operating at 0.5 throttle on aperature setting 3 for 30 sec. to deliver ca. 600 ml of finished spray to each of 4, single-tree replicates per treatment. Skies were sunny at 24°C and a breeze of 2-6 kph. All crawlers had hatched and were settled first instars when treatments were applied. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 30 May by collecting infested needle fascicles from at least 3 locations on each tree, when possible. Fascicles were placed in coin envelopes and transported under refrigeration to the laboratory where viability of the first 100 nymphs observed under a dissecting scope was determined. Counts were always made from at least 3 fascicles.
Taxus/Euonymus/Rhododendron, Efficacy of Insecticides Against Black Vine Weevil Adults, Wooster, Oh, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of insecticides against black vine weevil adults was evaluated by spraying plants growing in containers and feeding sprayed foliage to weevils at specified intervals after application. A CO2 compression sprayer with a single SS8004 flat-fan nozzle operating at 40 psi was used to spray plants of each species with each treatment to runoff on 4 Sep. Plants were sprayed in a greenhouse where they remained until the first foliage samples were taken. Twenty-four h after application, two 10 to 15-cm twigs were removed from each plant and placed in a 1-liter fonda cup along with 4 ovipositing weevils. Cups were supplied with mesh tops to enhance ventilation. Weevils had been collected from a taxus nursery in Lake Co. and maintained on taxus foliage in the laboratory at 21-23°C and a 16-h photoperiod until used in the test. After the first sampling, plants were moved outdoors and received 1.27 cm of overhead irrigation every Mon, Wed, and Fri. Residue efficacy was also evaluated 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after application, as above, except only 3 weevils were placed with foliage in fonda cups.
Evaluation of Ear Tag Devices for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle, 1983
Authors: Holscher Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atroban permethrin 10% AI ear tags (2 tags/cow), Ectiban permethrin 0.9 g AI ear tag tapes (1 tape/cow), Ectrin fenvalerate 8% AI ear tags (2 tags/cow) and Permectrin permethrin 10% AI ear tags (2 tags/cow) were evaluated for horn fly and face fly control on 8, separately pastured, mixed-breed beef cattle herds. Treatment herd size ranged from 20 to 50 cows/herd. A separately pastured, untreated herd of 50 mixed-breed beef cows served as a control. Horn fly and face fly counts were made on 10 randomly selected cows in each herd at weekly posttreatment intervals. Horn flies were counted on 1 side and face flies on the entire face of each animal.
Efficacy of Insect Suppression Treatments, Avian Influenza (Ai) Eradication Task Force, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1983-84
Authors: Schmidtmann E. T. , Wilson D. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Observations were conducted during Nov and Dec 1983 at 20 Al-infected poultry premises; 10 premises were high-rise houses (layer hens or pullets), 5 were broiler-breeder houses and 5 were shallow-pit houses (layer hens). Each house was treated with a regimen of 4 insecticidal applications to control insects in conjunction with the disinfection and cleanup of Al-quarantined poultry operations. The first treatment, a pyrethrin space spray, was applied within 24 h after depopulation of the flock. The second and third treatments were applied on the same day as the space spray or as soon as possible thereafter, and consisted of a 0.5% stirofos or 0.1% permethrin water-base spray to exterior building and ground surfaces around air vent fans, and a 0.5% stirofos water-base spray applied to manure under bird cages at 2 gal per 100 ft2. The fourth treatment, a 0.1% permethrin water-base spray to interior surfaces, was applied after approval for cleanup and disinfection, but before flock repopulation 30 days later. Treatments were applied by a commercial certified applicator consistent with label instructions. Insect populations were sampled on 2 occasions: 1) before application of space spray treatment and 2) after space spray and manure treatment but within 7 days following the pretreatment sample. Sampling procedures were as follows: In each high-rise house, the numbers of adult house flies and black garbage flies were counted on one side of 10 posts. Insects on and in manure down to a depth of 10-15 cm were talleyed by species and life stage (larvae or adult) at 10 sites on both sides of a central pathway; each sample site consisted of an area extending from the crest or middle of the manure bed to the center of the walkway and ca. 12 inches wide (ca. 3 ft2). Broiler-breeder houses were sampled by counting adult flies on 10 ceiling-support posts in the lower floor and by examining ca. 1 ft2 of litter at 10 sites around the base of posts, under feeders and at the base of walls. Shallow-pit houses were sampled by counting numbers of adult flies in an area of ca. 5-ft wide extending from the middle of the walkway to the top tier of cages. Insects on and in manure were sampled by the same procedure used in high-rise housing.
Evaluation of Fireban 12.5Wp for Red Imported Fire Ant Control, 1984
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Knight R. L. , Nolan M. P. , Kissam J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fireban 12.5WP was evaluated as a mound drench for control of red imported fire ants in Boykin, South Carolina. In an unused pasture at the prison farm, 14 circular plots (100 ft diam) were delineated with the loction of fire ant mounds in each plot mapped. The degree of activity and size of each mound were also recorded. Activity was determined by slightly prodding the mound with a thin metal wire and then estimated by the number of ants coming to the surface using the following scale: 0 = inactive mound, 1 = 1-100 ants, 2 = 101-1000 ants, and 3 = greater than 1000 ants. A minimum of 5 mounds were found in each plot. To each of the 14 plots, 1 of 7 treatments was assigned randomly. The treatments were as follows: untreated check, water drench, chlorpyrifos 0.5% (standard) and Fireban 12.5WP at the following rates 2.0 oz in 1 gal water/sq ft mound, 4.0 oz in 1 gal water/sq ft mound, 2.0 oz in 2 gal water/sq ft mound and 4.0 oz in 2 gal water/sq ft mound. All water requiring treatments were poured at least 12 inches around the mound before drenching the mound itself (no more than one pint of material was used to treat the soil surrounding the mound). Mounds were left undisturbed prior to treating. Treatments were applied on 18 Jun 84. Any new mounds appearing in a plot during the second week posttreatment were plotted and treated at the same rate as the original mounds.
Laboratory Evaluation of Igr’S and Toxicants Against the Larvae of the Oriental Rat Flea, 1984
Authors: Chamberlain W. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 10-g sample of a mixture of fine sand flea larval diet was placed in a 25-ml screw-capped vial. An appropriate concentration of technical IGR or toxicant in 500 µl of acetone was added to the mix; after stirring, the acetone was evaporated at room temperature. Twenty-four h later, 200 p.1 of water was added and stirred into the mix. Twenty-five laboratory-reared, 2nd-stage larvae were added. Vials were covered with 0.3-mm mesh marquisette cloth and held in separate chambers at 75% RH, 26°/31°± 1° C and corresponding 8/16 dark/light cycle. Each test was replicated 2 to 4 times. Control vials containing the sand-diet mix were treated with the acetone only and handled in the same manner as test vials. At 30 days after establishment the vials were examined. Any emerged fleas were killed with a drop of chloroform, and the number of cocoons and emerged fleas were counted. The highest concentration of IGR or toxicant tested was 100 ppm; dilutions to 0.01 ppm were tested, as needed to obtain reduced mortality.
Leafroller Control Programs, 1984
Authors: Pickel C. , Steenwyk R. Van , Coates W. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated for control of leafrollers near Hollister, CA on 15-year-old Bleinheim apricot trees. Individual tree plots were replicated 10 times in randomized complete block design. One unsprayed buffer tree surrounded each replicate. Sprays were applied until run-off with a hydraulic hand gun sprayer operating at 300 psi. All sprays were applied on 7 Jun. Evaluations were made midseason (15 Jun) with 500 fruit/treatment and harvest (7 Jul) with 5,000 fruit/treatment.