bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of CO2, CH4, and N2O trapped in ice wedges in central Yakutia and their relationship
Authors: Yang Ji‐Woong , Ahn Jinho , Iwahana Go , Ko Nayeon , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Kim Kyungmin , Fedorov Alexander , Han Sangyoung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPermafrost thawing as a result of global warming is expected to foster the biological remineralization of intact organic carbon and nitrogen and release greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere, which will have positive feedback for future global warming. However, GHG budgets and their controls in permafrost ground ice are not yet fully understood. This study aims to better understand the control mechanisms of GHG in ground ice by using new gas and chemistry data. In this study, we present new data on carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) mixing ratios in three different ice wedges, Churapcha, Syrdakh, and Cyuie, located in central Yakutia, Siberia. The GHG mixing ratios in the studied ice wedges range from 0.0% to 13.8% CO2, 1.3–91.2 ppm CH4, and 0% and 0–1414 N2O. In particular, all three ice wedges demonstrate that ice‐wedge samples enriched in CH4 were depleted in N2O mixing ratios and vice versa. N2–O2–Ar compositions indicate that the studied ice wedges were most likely formed by dry snow or hoarfrost, not by freezing of snow meltwater, and the O2‐consuming biological metabolism was active. Most of the observed GHG mixing ratios cannot be explained without microbial metabolism. The inhibitory impact of denitrification products of nitrate (including N2O) could be an important control of the ice‐wedge CH4 mixing ratio.
Noninvasive high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation versus nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation for preterm infants as an extubation support: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Kaixu , Zhou Xiaofeng , Gao Shuqiang , Li Fang , Ju Rong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore whether noninvasive high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) could reduce the incidence of reintubation compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in the postextubation phase of preterm infants.MethodsRandomized controlled trials of NHFOV versus NIPPV were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and MEDLINE. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsFour randomized controlled trials including 1138 preterm infants were included in this study. Compared with NIPPV, NHFOV reduced the incidence of reintubation in the post‐extubation phase of preterm infants (p = 0.01, RR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56∼0.94), and no heterogeneity was found in the four studies (p = 0.55, I2 = 0%). In the sensitivity analysis, the result showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of reintubation between NHFOV and NIPPV after excluding one study (p = 0. 05, RR = 0.76 95% CI: 0.58∼1.00), and no heterogeneity was found in the other three studies (p = 0.95, I2 = 0%). There was no statistical difference between NHFOV and NIPPV in BPD, air leak, IVH (≥Grade III) and mortality.ConclusionAmong mechanically ventilated preterm infants, compared with NIPPV, NHFOV was potentially beneficial to reduce the incidence of reintubation after extubation and did not increase the risk of complications.
Inhibition of signaling downstream of beta‐2 adrenoceptor by propranolol in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Alaskar Aljoharah , Abdulraqeb Ali Amaal , Hassan Sazzad , Shinwari Zakia , Alaiya Ayodele , von Holzen Urs , Miller Lance , Kulik George 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is accumulating evidence that propranolol, an antagonist of beta‐1 and beta‐2 adrenoreceptors, extends survival of patients with prostate cancer; yet it is not known whether propranolol inhibits beta‐adrenergic signaling in prostate cancer cells, or systemic effects of propranolol play the leading role in slowing down cancer progression. Recently initiated clinical studies offer a possibility to test whether administration of propranolol inhibits signaling pathways in prostate tumors, however, there is limited information on the dynamics of signaling pathways activated downstream of beta‐2 adrenoreceptors in prostate cancer cells and on the inactivation of these pathways upon propranolol administration.MethodsWestern blot analysis was used to test the effects of epinephrine and propranolol on activation of protein kinase (PKA) signaling in mouse prostates and PKA, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B/AKT (AKT) signaling in prostate cancer cell lines.ResultsIn prostate cancer cell lines epinephrine induced robust phosphorylation of PKA substrates pS133CREB and pS157VASP that was evident 2 min after treatments and lasted for 3−6 h. Epinephrine induced phosphorylation of AKT in PTEN‐positive 22Rv1 cells, whereas changes of constitutive AKT phosphorylation were minimal in PTEN‐negative PC3, C42, and LNCaP cells. A modest short‐term increase of pERK in response to epinephrine was observed in all tested cell lines. Incubation of prostate cancer cells with 10‐fold molar excess of propranolol for 30 min inhibited all downstream pathways activated by epinephrine. Subjecting mice to immobilization stress induced phosphorylation of S133CREB, whereas injection of propranolol at 1.5 mg/kg prevented the stress‐induced phosphorylation.ConclusionsThe analysis of pS133CREB and pS157VASP allows measuring activation of PKA signaling downstream of beta‐2 adrenoreceptors. Presented results on the ratio of propranolol/epinephrine and the time needed to inhibit signaling downstream of beta‐2 adrenoreceptors will help to design clinical studies that examine the effects of propranolol on prostate tumors.
On the study of efficiency of exponential‐type estimator of population mean using robust regression methods
Authors: Audu A. , Ishaq O. O. , Singh R.V.K. , Danbaba A. , Manu F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at enhancing the efficiency of Zaman estimators using exponential transformation technique. A new class of estimators was obtained using the concept of Bahl and Tuteja. The bias and mean squared error (MSE) of the new class of suggested estimators was derived up to second degree approximation. The empirical study through simulations was conducted using Normal, exponential, gamma, chi‐square and beta distributions under robust regression methods (Huber‐M, Huber‐MM, LTS (least trimmed squares) and LMS (least median of squares)) and the results revealed that proposed estimators were more efficient.
Fully distributed event‐triggered formation control for multi‐agent systems with unknown disturbances
Authors: Zhu Guoliang , Liu Kexin , Gu Haibo , Chen Lei , Lü Jinhu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the consensus‐based formation control problem with unknown disturbances in multi‐agent systems. We design node‐based adaptive controllers via extended state observers and node‐based event‐triggered schemes, which can eliminate the effect of disturbances and avoid continuous communications. With the proposed controllers, we obtain that the formation errors are asymptotic to zero when the derivatives of disturbances belong to space or are bounded by a small threshold when the derivatives of disturbances are bounded. Zeno behaviors and global information are also excluded. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of proposed approaches.
Secure estimation against non‐fixed channel attacks in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Zhou Jing , Chen Bo , Li Tongxiang , Yu Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article studies the secure estimation problem for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) with sparse attacks and noises. Instead of fixed attacked sensor channels, the malicious attack investigated in this work is ‐sparse and the set of attacked sensor channels is time‐varying. A novel ‐minimization based on QR decomposition, rather than minimizing the row support of the attack matrix directly, is designed to reconstruct malicious attacks. Furthermore, considering that the presence of Gaussian noises may produce estimation errors, a secure conservative estimation method based on Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the consolidated signal consisting of sparse attacks and measurement noises. Moreover, it is proved that robustness of the proposed estimation algorithm can be guaranteed with the upper bound of estimation error covariance. An illustrative example is utilized to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Fluidic Force Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Unveil New Insights into the Interactions of Preosteoblasts with 3D‐Printed Submicron Patterns
Authors: Angeloni Livia , Popa Bogdan , Nouri‐Goushki Mahdiyeh , Minneboo Michelle , Zadpoor Amir A. , Ghatkesar Murali K. , Fratila‐Apachitei Lidy E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhysical patterns represent potential surface cues for promoting osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and improving osseointegration of orthopedic implants. Understanding the early cell–surface interactions and their effects on late cellular functions is essential for a rational design of such topographies, yet still elusive. In this work, fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with optical and electron microscopy are used to quantitatively investigate the interaction of preosteoblasts with 3D‐printed patterns after 4 and 24 h of culture. The patterns consist of pillars with the same diameter (200 nm) and interspace (700 nm) but distinct heights (500 and 1000 nm) and osteogenic properties. FluidFM reveals a higher cell adhesion strength after 24 h of culture on the taller pillars (32 ± 7 kPa versus 21.5 ± 12.5 kPa). This is associated with attachment of cells partly on the sidewalls of these pillars, thus requiring larger normal forces for detachment. Furthermore, the higher resistance to shear forces observed for these cells indicates an enhanced anchorage and can be related to the persistence and stability of lamellipodia. The study explains the differential cell adhesion behavior induced by different pillar heights, enabling advancements in the rational design of osteogenic patterns.
Engineered Macrophages: A Safe‐by‐Design Approach for the Tumor Targeting Delivery of Sub‐5 nm Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Lining , Wang Xudong , Wang Ruixia , Liu Sijin , Xu Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUltrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising platform for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, but the particles in sizes as small as several nanometers have an ability to translocate across biological barriers, which may bring unpredictable health risks. Therefore, it is essential to develop workable cell‐based tools that can deliver ultrasmall NPs to the tumor in a safer manner. Here, this work uses macrophages as a shuttle to deliver sub‐5 nm PEGylated gold (Au) NPs to tumors actively or passively, while reducing the accumulation of Au NPs in the brain. This work demonstrates that sub‐5 nm Au NPs can be rapidly exocytosed from live macrophages, reaching 45.6% within 24 h, resulting in a labile Au NP‐macrophage system that may release free Au NPs into the blood circulation in vivo. To overcome this shortcoming, two straightforward methods are used to engineer macrophages to obtain “half‐dead” and “dead” macrophages. Although the efficiency of engineered macrophages for delivering sub‐5 nm Au NPs to tumors is 2.2–3.8% lower than that of free Au NPs via the passive enhanced permeability and retention effect, this safe‐by‐design approach can dramatically reduce the accumulation of Au NPs in the brain by more than one order of magnitude. These promising approaches offer an opportunity to expand the immune cell‐ or stem cell‐mediated delivery of ultrasmall NPs for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases in a safer way in the future.
Ultrathin In2O3 Nanosheets toward High Responsivity and Rejection Ratio Visible‐Blind UV Photodetection
Authors: Zhang Mingxi , Yu Huan , Li Hang , Jiang Yan , Qu Lihang , Wang Yunxia , Gao Feng , Feng Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical‐type visible‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors (PEC VBUV PDs) have gained ever‐growing attention due to their simple fabrication processes, uncomplicated packaging technology, and high sensitivity. However, it is still challenging to achieve high‐performance PEC VBUV PDs based on a single material with good spectral selectivity. Here, it is demonstrated that individual ultrathin indium oxide (In2O3) nanosheets (NSs) are suitable for designing high‐performance PEC VBUV PDs with high responsivity and UV/visible rejection ratio for the first time. In2O3 NSs PEC PDs show excellent UV photodetection capability with an ultrahigh photoresponsivity of 172.36 mA W−1 and a high specific detectivity of 4.43 × 1011 Jones under 254 nm irradiation, which originates from the smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct) at the In2O3 NSs/electrolyte interface. The light absorption of In2O3 NSs takes a blueshift due to the quantum confinement effect, granting good spectral selectivity for visible‐blind detection. The UV/visible rejection ratio of In2O3 NSs PEC PDs is 1567, which is 30 times higher than that of In2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and exceeds all recently reported PEC VBUV PDs. Moreover, In2O3 NSs PEC PDs show good stability and good underwater imaging capability. The results verify that ultrathin In2O3 NSs have potential in underwater optoelectronic devices.
Super‐Hydrophilic Microporous Ni(OH)x/Ni3S2 Heterostructure Electrocatalyst for Large‐Current‐Density Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: He Wenjun , Zhang Rui , Cao Da , Li Ying , Zhang Jun , Hao Qiuyan , Liu Hui , Zhao Jianling , Xin Huolin L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExploiting active and stable non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at large current density plays a key role in realizing large‐scale industrial hydrogen generation. Herein, a self‐supported microporous Ni(OH)x/Ni3S2 heterostructure electrocatalyst on nickel foam (Ni(OH)x/Ni3S2/NF) that possesses super‐hydrophilic property through an electrochemical process is rationally designed and fabricated. Benefiting from the super‐hydrophilic property, microporous feature, and self‐supported structure, the electrocatalyst exhibits an exceptional HER performance at large current density in 1.0 M KOH, only requiring low overpotential of 126, 193, and 238 mV to reach a current density of 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, and displaying a long‐term durability up to 1000 h, which is among the state‐of‐the‐art non‐precious metal electrocatalysts. Combining hard X‐rays absorption spectroscopy and first‐principles calculation, it also reveals that the strong electronic coupling at the interface of the heterostructure facilitates the dissociation of H2O molecular, accelerating the HER kinetics in alkaline electrolyte. This work sheds a light on developing advanced non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for industrial hydrogen production by means of constructing a super‐hydrophilic microporous heterostructure.
Two steps forward, one step back? Quantifying the pecuniary costs of debt account aversion and the debt snowball
Authors: Hamilton Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe interest‐minimizing strategy to paying multiple debts is to make all minimum payments and allocate remaining funds to the debt with the highest interest rate. However, cognitive biases such as debt account aversion and financial advisors encourage borrowers to instead allocate remaining funds to debts with lower outstanding balances, a strategy known as the Debt Snowball. The author uses the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances to quantify the pecuniary costs for American households of following the Debt Snowball and finds that the average household pays an additional 1.8%–4.3% in interest, leading to an aggregate transfer of wealth from borrowers to lenders of between $46.2 and $53.9 billion in excess of what would occur if borrowers instead minimized interest accrual. Due to differences in household debt structure, the Debt Snowball strategy imposes greater pecuniary penalties on low‐income households, on Black households, and on households with more initial debts.
A behavioural system of strategy‐as‐practice for grant acquisition in nonprofits: An investigation through the sensemaking theory and systems theory
Authors: Panda Debadutta Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe extant literature in strategy‐as‐practice (SAP) has examined it from the sensemaking theory but did not look at it from the system's standpoint. This exploratory study examines the SAP of nonprofits for grant acquisition from a systems perspective by integrating systems theory and sensemaking theory. The grounded theory approach was adopted to gather information and process data, and examine three cases over 3 years. Following the systems approach, the study found sense‐as‐stimuli as the input, sense‐as‐cognitive and behavioural interplay as the process and sense‐as‐strategizing as the output in the sensemaking of strategy‐making in nonprofits for grant acquisition. Sense‐as‐strategizing was also influenced by sense‐as‐cognitive and behavioural interplay in the feedback loop. The strategy‐making system was influenced by (1) the competitive environment for the organization and (2) social environment of the organization. Sense‐as‐cognitive and behavioural interplay influenced the social environment of the organization in a feedback loop.
Axial compression behavior of reinforced concrete beam to square thin‐walled concrete‐filled steel tube column joints stiffened by internal diaphragms
Authors: Gan Dan , Zhao Zhongxiang , Zhou Zheng , Zhou Xuhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA joint system was proposed to connect square thin‐walled concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) columns and reinforced concrete (RC) beams. In the system, longitudinal beam reinforcing bars are continuous through the joint zone by passing the rectangular holes in the steel tube, aiming to achieve direct load‐transfer of the beam and joint integrity; and the square thin‐walled steel tube with holes is strengthened by internal diaphragms. Previous cyclic tests showed that the proposed joint system satisfied the requirements of strong‐joint weak‐component, namely the shear capacity of the joint zone was larger than that provided by CFST columns and RC beams. However, further research was necessary to evaluate the behavior under axial compression, as the discontinuous diagonal ribs and holes in the joint steel tube weakened the load capacity. In this investigation, the effect of internal diaphragms was first evaluated based on the axial compression tests on six square CFST stub columns. The test results showed that the internal diaphragms effectively improved the strength and ductility. The finite element analyses (FEA) on square CFST columns and RC beam to CFST column joints stiffened by internal diaphragms were then carried out based on the verified FEA models. The analysis results showed that thicker internal diaphragms increased the strength, and changed the failure mode from the column‐center failure to column‐end failure for columns and from the joint failure to column failure for joints, respectively. Finally, the mechanics‐based models and axial strength equations of square CFST columns and RC beam to CFST column joints stiffened by internal diaphragms were proposed, and the predictions agreed well with the test and analysis results.
Financial Hardship, Food Insecurity, and Forgone Medical Care
Authors: McDougall Jean A. , Jaffe Shoshana Adler , Guest Dolores D. , Pankratz V. Shane , Wiggins Charles L. , Meisner Angela L. W. , Sussman Andrew L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFinancial hardship is increasingly understood as a serious threat to achieving cancer health equity. Food insecurity, defined as an inability to access enough healthy food because of a lack of money or other resources, is an extreme manifestation of financial hardship that occurs when patients shift money from their food budget to cover other expenses, including cancer treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that cancer-related financial hardship disproportionately impacts Latinos; however, the research on financial hardship, food insecurity, and access to medical care is limited. Results are presented from a cross-sectional survey comparing the prevalence of financial hardship and food insecurity among population-based Hispanic and non-Hispanic cancer survivors, and the relationship between ethnicity, food insecurity, and forgone medical care is examined. The substantially higher prevalence of food insecurity among Hispanic cancer survivors highlights the need for food insecurity screening and prevention programs in community oncology practice.
Impact of Obesity and Related Factors in Breast Cancer Survivorship Among Hispanic Women
Authors: Bandera Elisa V. , Hong Chi-Chen , Qin Bo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanic women. The number of Hispanic breast cancer survivors is increasing because the US Hispanic population is fast-growing and breast cancer survival is improving. However, this vulnerable population has received little attention. Obesity and weight gain affect Hispanic and African American/Black women disproportionately. Obesity affects several factors relevant to cancer survivorship, including cancer treatment and patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (QoL). As a first step toward addressing these issues, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of assembling a cohort of Hispanic breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Methods were similar to those used in the ongoing Women’s Circle of Health Follow-Up Study, a cohort of African American/Black breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Hispanic breast cancer survivors were very interested and willing to participate. There were interesting differences in body mass index and central adiposity between Hispanic and African American/Black breast cancer survivors, but both groups had a high prevalence of body fatness and comorbidities. Hispanic breast cancer survivors had lower QoL, particularly obese women. More research is needed to understand survivorship needs in minority and medically underserved women after a breast cancer diagnosis.
Discrete Hölder spaces and their characterization via semigroups associated with the discrete Laplacian and kernel estimates
Authors: Abadias Luciano , De León-Contreras Marta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we characterize the discrete Hölder spaces by means of the heat and Poisson semigroups associated with the discrete Laplacian. These characterizations allow us to get regularity properties of fractional powers of the discrete Laplacian and the Bessel potentials along these spaces and also in the discrete Zygmund spaces in a more direct way than using the pointwise definition of the spaces. To obtain our results, it has been crucial to get boundedness properties of the heat and Poisson kernels and their derivatives in both space and time variables. We believe that these estimates are also of independent interest.