bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ubiquity of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes in an urban, academic practice: A template for intervention
Authors: Masharani Umesh , Strycker Lisa A. , Fisher Lawrence 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the patterns of diabetes distress within an urban, technology‐oriented academic clinical practice to inform staff training and intervention.MethodsAdults with type 1 diabetes completed the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale at their regular clinic visit. Descriptive statistics were generated to document the prevalence of diabetes distress overall, and from seven primary sources of distress: powerlessness, disease management, hypoglycaemia, negative social perceptions, eating, physician and family/friends. Additional analyses explored relations between diabetes distress, demographic characteristics and disease status.ResultsThe prevalence of elevated diabetes distress was 30% overall, with 88% of the sample reporting elevated distress from at least one primary source. Women reported more elevated distress overall, and from the primary sources. There was an inverse relationship between diabetes duration with total diabetes distress (r = −0.19) and with the powerlessness subscale (r = −0.28). Also, those without micro‐ and/or macrovascular complications more frequently reported elevated distress from powerlessness (85%) compared to those having complications (61%). Use of technology (continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps) was not significantly related to diabetes distress. Diabetes distress was positively correlated with HbA1c. About 22% of individuals with HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (<7%) had elevated total distress. About a third of the sample (34%–39%) reported elevated distress from powerlessness, hypoglycaemia, negative social perceptions, eating, or family/friends.ConclusionsIt is critical to understand clinic‐specific patterns of diabetes distress in order to customise staff training and intervention programmes, and thereby reduce distress among unique populations of adults with type 1 diabetes in different settings.
Injectable semaglutide and reductions in HbA1c and weight in the real world in people switched from alternative glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists
Authors: Crabtree Thomas S. J. , Adamson Karen , Reid Hazel , Barnes Dennis , Sivappriyan Siva , Bickerton Alex , Gallen Ian W. , Field Benjamin C. T. , Idris Iskandar , Ryder Robert E. J. ,   all ABCD semaglutide audit contributors
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ABCD semaglutide audit was designed to capture the routine clinical outcomes of people commenced on semaglutide in the UK. Previous work showed differential reductions in HbA1c and weight dependent on previous glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) exposure. The analysis, in this research letter, shows that decreases in HbA1c and weight associated with semaglutide occur irrespective of previous GLP‐1RA use. However, HbA1c reductions were less if switched from dulaglutide or liraglutide and weight changes were attenuated if switched from dulaglutide or exenatide, potentially suggesting differing potencies between GLP‐1RAs. Dedicated studies with head‐to‐head comparisons are needed to confirm these findings.
The effect of presidential election outcomes on alcohol drinking
Authors: Musse Isabel , Schneider Rodrigo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe growing political polarization and the increasing use of social media have been linked to straining social ties worldwide. The 2016 presidential elections in the United States reflected this trend with reports of fear and anxiety among voters. We examine how election results can be linked to episodes of anxiety through the use of alcohol as self‐medication. We analyze a daily dataset of household purchases of alcohol in the weeks following presidential elections. We find that, within 30 days from Election Day, a 10 percentage point increase in support for the losing candidate increases alcohol expenditure by 1.1%. The effect is driven by counties with a higher share of supporters of the losing candidate and is robust to controlling more flexibly for omitted variables related to alcohol consumption. The increase in alcohol consumption is present in the 2016 elections and absent in the previous three presidential elections.
Generating odour imagery enhances brain activity in individuals with low subjective olfactory imagery ability
Authors: Han Pengfei , Qin Min , Zhou Luyi , Chen Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOlfactory imagery (OI) is defined as the generation of odour images in the mind. There are large inter‐individual differences regarding OI abilities. However, the neural representations of OI among individuals with high or low OI abilities are less understood. Participants with high or low OI abilities evaluated using the Vividness of Olfactory Imagery Questionnaire were recruited in this study. Brain activations were measured during a word cueing OI and visual imagery (VI) tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In addition, the OI task was divided into two parts. In one part, OI was performed for 8 s (long imagery generation time) and in the other part for 2 s (short imagery generation time). Ratings of the overall imagery vividness were collected at the end of each task. The vividness of OI during short OI was lower among participants with low OI abilities compared to participants with high OI abilities. Brain imaging results showed that participants with low OI ability had stronger brain activation of the supplementary motor area and the superior frontal cortex, compared to participants with higher OI abilities during the short versus long imagery generation time conditions. These results suggest that when generating odour images in a relatively short period of time (e.g., 2 s), people with either high or low OI abilities may have adopted different approaches, resulting in diverse brain activation.
The role of innovation and internationalization support in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises’ export performance
Authors: Pastelakos Evangelos , Theodoraki Christina , Catanzaro Alexis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough research concerning the internationalization and innovativeness of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) has received increasing scholarly attention, it mostly neglected internationalization support and underexplored post‐crisis contexts. Greece recently faced a severe economic crisis of international concern, which resulted in a unique business environment to examine the mechanisms of innovativeness and internationalization. This study examines the roles of innovativeness and internationalization support in export performance using survey data of 262 Greek manufacturing SMEs. Our findings indicate that innovation helps firms improve their export performance, but the different definitions of export performance and innovativeness caused sizeable differences. Internationalization support is important for the export performance of firms, and SMEs receiving high levels of internationalization support can overcome the lack of innovativeness and increase their export performance.
Fatigue failure behavior of aramid fiber reinforced styrene butadiene rubber composite with different fiber coatings
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yin Lianpeng , Luo Zhu , Zhong Jincheng , Wang Xingyu , Xiang Kun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the true stress evolution of aramid fiber (AF) reinforced styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/carbon black (CB) composites with different interface characteristics in the fatigue failure process. AF was coated with epoxy‐functionalized silane (γ‐propyltrimethoxysilane, KH560) and butadiene styrene vinyl‐pyridine rubber latex (VPL). The influence of the interface characteristics on the mechanical and fatigue properties of the composites were explored. The results show that the fatigue crack growth rate of the rubber composites reinforced by a coated fiber with a flexible interface layer was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the fatigue failure behavior of the notched samples can be characterized by true stress evolution. The power‐law relationship of the true stress with both fatigue cycle and crack growth length was founded. Meanwhile, the stress evolution mechanism in the process of fatigue failure was discussed and the critical crack length corresponding to the point where the true stress begins to accelerate is found.
Forest disturbances and climate constrain carbon allocation dynamics in trees
Authors: Gea‐Izquierdo Guillermo , Sánchez‐González Mariola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractForest disturbances such as drought, fire, and logging affect the forest carbon dynamics and the terrestrial carbon sink. Forest mortality after disturbances creates uncertainties that need to be accounted for to understand forest dynamics and their associated C‐sink. We combined data from permanent resampling plots and biomass oriented dendroecological plots to estimate time series of annual woody biomass growth (ABI) in several forests. ABI time series were used to benchmark a vegetation model to analyze dynamics in forest productivity and carbon allocation forced by environmental variability. The model implements source and sink limitations explicitly by dynamically constraining carbon allocation of assimilated photosynthates as a function of temperature and moisture. Bias in tree‐ring reconstructed ABI increased back in time from data collection and with increasing disturbance intensity. ABI bias ranged from zero, in open stands without recorded mortality, to over 100% in stands with major disturbances such as thinning or snowstorms. Stand leaf area was still lower than in control plots decades after heavy thinning. Disturbances, species life‐history strategy and climatic variability affected carbon‐partitioning patterns in trees. Resprouting broadleaves reached maximum biomass growth at earlier ages than nonresprouting conifers. Environmental variability and leaf area explained much variability in woody biomass allocation. Effects of stand competition on C‐allocation were mediated by changes in stand leaf area except after major disturbances. Divergence between tree‐ring estimated and simulated ABI were caused by unaccounted changes in allocation or misrepresentation of some functional process independently of the model calibration approach. Higher disturbance intensity produced greater modifications of the C‐allocation pattern, increasing error in reconstructed biomass dynamics. Legacy effects from disturbances decreased model performance and reduce the potential use of ABI as a proxy to net primary productivity. Trait‐based dynamics of C‐allocation in response to environmental variability need to be refined in vegetation models.
Extended urbanisation and the politics of uncertainty: The contested pathways of highway corridors in India
Authors: Bathla Nitin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how uncertainty has become a central constitutive feature under the ongoing attempts at rapid extension of highway corridors across India. Contrary to the terra nullius assumption that India's highway programmes operate under, the pathways to accumulation they seek to open present a palimpsest of pre‐existing claims, occupancies and forms of dwelling that come into conflict with the attempts to extend urban space. The paper specifically follows the prolonged uncertainty surrounding a regional highway corridor between the cities of Delhi and Gurgaon, the Dwarka Expressway, which underwent multiple legal contestations over evictions and land disputes. In doing so, it analyses how managing uncertainty in the production of highway corridors becomes profitable for the state, powerful corporate actors and middle‐class homebuyer‐investors, presenting a form of value that can be commodified and exchanged. However, on the other hand, owing to its double‐edged nature, uncertainty also becomes productive for the urban majority in laying claims to urban space. As rapid extended urbanisation increasingly disrupts the lifeworlds of marginal communities, this paper calls for embracing the politics and practices of uncertainty in the continued efforts to push ex‐centric urban analysis beyond the narrow focus on state processes and commodification.
WHY IS LITERATURE NECESSARY FOR THEORIZING MODERN TIME?
Authors: Yahav Amit 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAleida Assmann's Is Time Out of Joint? On the Rise and Fall of the Modern Time Regime theorizes and historicizes modern temporality by way of putting western European modernization theory into conversation with a wide range of literary references. This essay assesses the usefulness of examining modern temporality through these two discourses and explores why literary discourse seems a valuable corrective to modernization theory. Pressing further on Assmann's insights, this essay argues that modern literature is especially suited for temporal theorization because of its double commitment to, on the one hand, an absorptive aesthetics and, on the other, the linearity of its medium. Departing from Assmann, this essay also suggests that granular literary analysis—an academic practice of attention that turns a modern aesthetics into a methodology—is better equipped than the practice of survey to identify the full extent of literary aptness for temporal theorization.
Present status and future directions of intracanal medicaments
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Noblett W. Craig , Perez‐Ron Alejandro , Ye Zhou , Vera Jorge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo fundamental goals of endodontic treatment are to prevent or treat apical periodontitis. From a predictive perspective, several variables can affect the outcome of root canal treatment. Some of these variables depend on intraoperative factors, which include irrigation technique, size of the apical preparation, use of intracanal medicaments or the number of appointments necessary to complete the treatment. However, the outcome may also be affected by host and microbial factors. The intensity of periradicular bone loss or tissue damage, the presence of preoperative pain and associated conditions such as mechanical allodynia and central sensitization, the anatomical complexity of the apical portion of the canal, and the virulence and longevity of the bacterial infection can all have a profound influence on the outcome. Furthermore, numerous medical conditions have been reported to decrease the capability of the immune system to heal the periapical tissues. It is the clinician's responsibility to analyse these variables and incorporate them into the disinfection strategy to maximize the chances of healing. This narrative review will focus on the present status of intracanal medicaments, the clinical indications for their use and future directions for research.
DEEP EQUILIBRIUM NETS
Authors: Azinovic Marlon , Gaegauf Luca , Scheidegger Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe introduce deep equilibrium nets (DEQNs)—a deep learning‐based method to compute approximate functional rational expectations equilibria of economic models featuring a significant amount of heterogeneity, uncertainty, and occasionally binding constraints. DEQNs are neural networks trained in an unsupervised fashion to satisfy all equilibrium conditions along simulated paths of the economy. Since DEQNs approximate the equilibrium functions directly, simulating the economy is computationally cheap, and training data can be generated at virtually zero cost. We demonstrate that DEQNs can accurately solve economically relevant models by applying them to two challenging life‐cycle models and a Bewley‐style model with aggregate risk.
Inverse association between autoimmunity and elevated IgE among childhood vitiligo
Authors: Dai Ting , Wu Yao , Song Wei , Li Fulun , Wang Liuhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of childhood vitiligo. The characteristics in a different population under modified environmental factors need further reevaluation. The present study aimed to reevaluate the clinical and laboratory features in consequent children vitiligo patients.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed consequent children vitiligo patients who visited Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (National Children’s Medical Center of China). The prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction, circulating autoantibodies, serum IgE, and associated factors were analyzed.ResultsA total of 244 consequent vitiligo patients were included, of which 20 children had personal autoimmune history. Two hundred and nineteen of the 244 patients took a thyroid function test, and the abnormal rate was only 3.7% (8/219). The elevated IgE rate was 31.7% (52/157), the antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive rate was 9.8% (12/123), and the extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) positive rate was 4.4% (4/91), respectively. The elevated IgE was significantly associated with atopic disease history and male gender. Of note, personal autoimmune history showed a significant inverse association with elevated IgE.ConclusionsThyroid dysfunction rate was low among the consequent children vitiligo patients. Personal autoimmune history was inversely associated with elevated IgE. Various clinical characteristics and pathogenesis might contribute to different long‐term outcomes of vitiligo.
The uses of tranexamic acid in dermatology: a review
Authors: Kim Katelyn M. , Lim Henry W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTranexamic acid is a plasmin inhibitor that is used off‐label for the treatment of melasma. The use of tranexamic acid has expanded in the field of dermatology based on its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐melanin‐producing properties, which include the treatment of rosacea, urticaria, and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Tranexamic acid may have more uses in dermatology that require future studies. It should be used with caution during the COVID‐19 pandemic given its procoagulant nature.
The risk of metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Caudill Jennifer , Thomas Jean E , Burkhart Craig G 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer, accounting for 20% of all skin cancers. The risk of the disease continues to rise annually with an estimated 50–200% increase in incidence within the last three decades. Although cSCC is one of the most common skin cancers, reported having 1 million cases per year in the United States, there is inconsistency with its reported metastatic rate. Research exploring cSCC metastasis found an overall rate of 1.2–5% but this range varies, and some dermatologists are finding cSCC's ability to spread more worrisome. This allows for clinical variation in the appropriate treatments and follow‐up guidelines when diagnosing a patient with cSCC. Poor prognosis in patients with a high metastatic potential makes cSCC clinically problematic. Clinician emphasis should be put on risk factors, anatomical site, tumor presentation, and histological features when evaluating cSCC's metastatic potential. In this review, specific skin conditions that predispose to cSCC and discrepancies in its reported metastatic potential will be discussed.
Description of the most severe signs in nail lichen planus: a strategy to contribute to the diagnosis of the severe stage
Authors: Ceccarelli Miguel A. , Gavilanes‐Coloma Maria C. , D'almeida Luiza , Azulay David , Iorizzo Matilde , Starace Michela , Haneke Eckart , Nakamura Robertha C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSevere nail lichen planus (NLP) does not respond well to treatment and is often poorly considered and described in detail.ObjectiveWe sought to describe the characteristics of severe NLP.MethodsA retrospective data analysis was performed, including the photographic records of the most compromised nails of patients with NLP over 18 years old, who consulted between 2009 and 2019 at the Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Descriptive and statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test was performed to verify the hypothesis of independence between characteristics (P < 0.05).ResultsA total of 102 patients were included. Anonychia was associated with severe thinning of the nail plate, retraction of the nail bed or nail plate, residual nail plate, loss of proximal nail fold limits, and onychoatrophy. Dorsal pterygium was associated with loss of proximal nail fold limits, onychoatrophy, and distal splitting greater than 50%.ConclusionWe provide descriptions of the most severe signs in order to facilitate the clinical diagnosis when a biopsy is not feasible and suggest an update of current NLP classifications.
Regional disparities in bonding and bridging social capital: An empirical study of rural and urban Japan
Authors: Qin Ziyi , Tanaka Katsuya , Matsuoka Shunji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article investigates regional social capital development by focusing on disparities in bonding and bridging social capital among rural and urban areas of Japan. Rural–urban differences in social capital in Western contexts have been discussed by many studies. Their main finding is that bonding social capital is richer in rural areas and bridging social capital is richer in urban areas. However, the empirical evidence presented in this article suggests that in Japan both bridging and bonding social capital are richer in rural than urban areas, diverging from traditional thinking about these two types of social capital. This finding suggests that urbanization and depopulation in rural areas of Japan have led to changes in people's behavior and their demand for social networks, promoting the development of bridging social capital in rural areas.
Domestic help and the gender division of domestic labor during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: Gender inequality amongJapaneseparents
Authors: Nishimura Junko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe enduring COVID‐19 pandemic has gradually transformed our everyday lives. This study focuses on changes in work and family arrangements, with particular focus on changes in domestic help, and examines its impact on the division of domestic labor. Using a social survey of work and the family conducted in November 2020 and May 2021, the results show that from January 2020 (pre‐pandemic) to May 2021, approximately 40% of respondents experienced a reduced gender gap for housework and childcare, while a large gender gap is still observed in the absolute frequency of undertaking domestic labor. Some lifestyle changes triggered by the pandemic, such as an increase in the use of takeaways or delivery meals, and the expansion of working from home, are found to be able to contribute a shift toward more equal sharing of domestic labor. However, the fact that the access to such lifestyle changes is more common among those with a relatively high income or high educational background suggests that the lifestyle changes imposed by the pandemic may exacerbate class disparities in the gender gap in domestic labor. Furthermore, the results show that decreased kinship support results in a greater childcare burden being placed on women.