bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uric acid and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition with empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-reduced trial
Authors: Doehner Wolfram , Anker Stefan D , Butler Javed , Zannad Faiez , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ferreira João Pedro , Salsali Afshin , Kaempfer Carolyn , Brueckmann Martina , Pocock Stuart J , Januzzi James L , Packer Milton 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin decreases the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. Empagliflozin reduces serum uric acid (SUA), but the relevance of this effect in patients with HF is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on SUA levels and the therapeutic efficacy of empagliflozin in relation to SUA.

Methods
The association between SUA and the composite primary outcome of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening HF, its components, and all-cause mortality was investigated in 3676 patients of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial (98.6% of the study cohort). The treatment effect of empagliflozin was studied in relation to SUA as continuous variable, to clinical hyperuricaemia (SUA &gt;5.7 mg/dL for women, &gt;7.0 mg/dL for men) and in subgroups of patients of tertiles of SUA.

Results
Hyperuricaemia was prevalent in 53% of patients with no sex differences. Elevated SUA (highest tertile, mean SUA 9.38 ± 1.49 mg/dL) was associated with advanced severity of HF and with worst outcome [composite outcome, hazard ratio (HR) 1.64 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.28–2.10); cardiovascular mortality, HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.35–2.91); all-cause mortality, HR 1.8 (95% CI 1.29–2.49), all P &lt; 0.001] in multivariate adjusted analyses, as compared with the lowest tertile. SUA was reduced following treatment with empagliflozin at 4 weeks (vs. placebo: −1.12 ± 0.04 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.0001) and remained lower throughout follow-up, with a similar reduction in all prespecified subgroups. Empagliflozin reduced events of clinically relevant hyperuricaemia (acute gout, gouty arthritis or initiation of anti-gout therapy) by 32% [HR 0.68 (95% CI 0.52–0.89), P = 0.004]. The beneficial effect of empagliflozin on the primary endpoint was independent of baseline SUA [HR 0.76 (95% CI 0.65–0.88), P &lt; 0.001) and of the change in SUA at 4 weeks [HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.95), P = 0.012]. As a hypothesis-generating finding, an interaction between SUA and treatment effect suggested a benefit of empagliflozin on mortality (cardiovascular and all-cause mortality) in patients in elevated SUA (P for interaction = 0.005 and = 0.011, respectively).

Conclusion
Hyperuricaemia is common in HF and is an independent predictor of advanced disease severity and increased mortality. Empagliflozin induced a rapid and sustained reduction of SUA levels and of clinical events related to hyperuricaemia. The benefit of empagliflozin on the primary outcome was observed independently of SUA.
Sensing Multiconfessionality in Early Modern Germany
Authors: Christ Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article brings together sensory history and research on multiconfessionalism in early modern Germany. It argues that research has not yet paid sufficient attention to the fact that many of the towns in the Holy Roman Empire were not monoconfessional but instead highly diverse, home to a range of religious groups, which influenced the respective town’s sensescape. For a fuller understanding of multiconfessional settings, we can adopt the senses as an analytical category. Focusing on shared churches (Simultankirchen) in the Holy Roman Empire, the article shows that what parishioners heard, saw and smelled in these settings was influenced by the presence of multiple confessions. And confessional coexistence influenced sensory stimuli not only inside the ecclesial space, but also across the town as a whole. The senses are, the article argues, key to our understanding of the experience of multiconfessionalism.
Systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion interventions targeting obesity prevention in school-based staff
Authors: Hill Amy , Alston Laura , Needham Cindy , Peeters Anna , LaMontagne Anthony D , Nichols Melanie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
School-based employee interventions can benefit the health of staff and have the potential to influence the health of school students through role-modelling. However, interventions within schools typically focus on students, with very few studies addressing obesity and related health behaviours among school staff. A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published between January 2000 and May 2020 was undertaken to synthesize the evidence on the impact that school-based obesity prevention programmes have on the staff they employ. Search terms were derived from four major topics: (i) school; (ii) staff; (iii) health promotion and (iv) obesity. Terms were adapted for six databases and three independent researchers screened results. Studies were included if they reported on the outcomes of body weight, dietary behaviours and/or physical activity. Of 3483 papers identified in the search, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. All 13 studies included an intervention that focussed on improving nutrition, physical activity or both. All included studies demonstrated a positive outcome for either dietary intake, weight or body mass index or physical activity outcomes, however not all results were statistically significant. The included studies showed promising, although limited, impacts on employee health outcomes. This review demonstrated a lack of global focus and investment in interventions targeting school staff, particularly in contrast to the large amount of research on school-based health promotion initiatives focussed on students. There is a need for further research to understand effective interventions to promote health and prevent obesity in this large, diverse and influential workforce.
Marginalized COVID-19 patients and their significant others in Kashmir (India): manifesting the hidden structural vulnerabilities
Authors: Jahangir Mohmad Saleem , Gadda Zakir Hussain , Ganayee Shameem Ahamad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Using a qualitative approach, this study aimed to undertake an in-depth exploration of the experiences of COVID-19 patients and their significant others among the economically weaker sections in Kashmir. The study was conducted on 18 participants of different households solely from rural Kashmir while using the purposive sampling technique to recruit the participants and the principle of data saturation to determine the sample size. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed through Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis framework. From the data analysis, six overarching themes of diagnosis, healthcare, treatment, survival thereof, social support and stigma were arrived at, which delineated the direct or indirect experiences of participants with COVID-19. The findings of the study revealed that the economically weaker sections of rural Kashmir are deprived of requisite healthcare facilities, which further intensifies their vulnerabilities to COVID-19 and associated health issues. They lie at the core of acute health disadvantage amid the COVID-19 crisis, and are hence drifted toward extreme marginality and socioeconomic adversity.
Pacific women's anti-nuclear poetry: centring Indigenous knowledges
Authors: Hogue Rebecca H , Maurer Anaïs 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article expands feminist IR research on global nuclear politics by presenting a heretofore unassembled archive of Indigenous Pacific women's anti-nuclear poetry and by arguing for the importance of this poetry as a transformative mover of international discourse on nuclear imperialisms. Pacific activists, and especially women, have been some of the world's most active opponents to the global nuclear industrial complex, systematically working on the frontline of grassroots organizing in the Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific (NFIP) movement. Yet, the role played by Pacific women in the movement is understudied. To begin rectifying this omission, we chronologically retrace the evolution and the complexity of women's role in the global anti-nuclear movement by outlining the history of the development of anti-nuclear conferences in the 1970s understood alongside and also through Pacific women's poetic reflection on and activism against nuclearization in the Pacific. The poems by Pacific women presented in this article contribute to debates about nuclear politics in feminist IR and beyond, as they bring Pacific Islander voices into view and provide a more complex picture of Indigenous organizing, highlighting tensions based on gender and class within organizations such as the NFIP movement. In addition, these poems also contribute to ongoing challenges in IR to what constitutes valid forms of political discourse, by pushing back against the field's patriarchal tendency to favour administrative language and statistical reports at the expense of embodied knowledge and emotional experience. As such, this article also addresses broader questions of knowledge production in IR, particularly in the context of debates about decolonizing the field, and advocates for centring Indigenous knowledges of international politics.
Unaccompanied Children in Limbo: The Causes and Consequences of Uncertain Legal Status
Authors: Lelliott Joseph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unaccompanied children seeking international protection often find themselves with forms of discretionary, time-limited, or otherwise uncertain legal status in countries outside their own. This may be due to the available options for legal status or to long delays in determination of protection claims, among other factors. While the legal and policy reasons for this vary, of particular concern is the imposition of such uncertainty to discourage children from persisting with protection claims, to deter others from arriving, to delay status resolution until adulthood, or to facilitate removal. Children possessing a legal status that is insecure or uncertain may be described as being in ‘legal limbo’. This article explores this issue and examines the often deleterious consequences of limbo for unaccompanied children. Through an analysis and comparison of Australia and the United Kingdom, it explains ‘legal limbo’ as a function of States’ desire to deter, control, and punish irregular migration. This article argues that an approach based on rights, as opposed to migration control, must guide the availability of secure legal status to unaccompanied children. To this end, it articulates the basis of an obligation to provide these children such status, drawing on their rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and on the commentary of treaty bodies. The article concludes by calling for better pathways to permanent stay for unaccompanied children.
The Settler Coloniality of Free Speech
Authors: Leigh Darcy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Public and scholarly debates surrounding free speech often assume free speech is a public good and/or should be approached as a problem of “drawing the line” between free and regulated or benign and harmful speech. In contrast, this article provides a genealogy of free speech in which liberal freedom of expression has, since its inception, been integral to white supremacist settler colonialism in the United Kingdom and its former settler colonies, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The article argues that, far from a noble struggle against regulation, liberal politics around free speech establish oppositions between white “civilized” speech and its Indigenized racially darkened “others” as well as controlling or silencing Indigenous, Black and/or otherwise racially othered speech across the Anglosphere. The article first traces free speech through two significant moments in its emergence: early European Enlightenment colonial expansion (embodied in John Locke's “toleration”) and 1800s British colonial industrialization (embodied in John Stuart Mill's “marketplace of ideas”). The article then examines how this genealogy informs the contemporary case study of contestation over free speech in universities, showing that engagements with free speech across the political spectrum extend its settler colonial rationality.
Political Obligations of Refugees
Authors: Gates Andrew , Klosko George 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the literature on refugees, scholars generally focus on obligations that states have toward refugees, but do not address obligations refugees themselves bear to their new countries. While this situation has been remedied to some extent in recent literature, scholars have not provided an adequate explanation why these obligations hold. We explore the moral basis of refugees’ obligations, with special attention to the need to extend traditional principles of political obligation to address it. We consider two categories of refugees. Obligations of “settled refugees,” who attempt to integrate into new societies, are largely encompassed by traditional Westphalian norms of state–citizen relationships and grounded in consent and fair play. Refugees in camps exist farther outside of the traditional Westphalian categories. Most notable for them are divided political obligations—stemming from the divided nature of camp governance—grounded mainly by principles of fair play and natural duties of justice.
To What Extent the Arabic WeeFIM Is Reliable and Feasible in Egyptian Children With Burns? An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohamed Othman Eman , Aly Doaa A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This is an observational cross-sectional study design aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of the Arabic version of WeeFIM in Egyptian children with healed burns with two measurements within a 2-week time period in a sample of 53 patients with healed burns who were aged 3 to 16 years and treated in the outpatient burn clinic, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, and Om Elmisryeen Hospital. All patients who met the inclusive criteria were enrolled in the study. The adaptation of the Arabic WeeFIM instrument to an interview format suitable for burned children with communicative and/or cognitive problems and evaluation of its feasibility and reliability. The reliability was assessed by a test-retest procedure. Feasibility was evaluated by the assessment of the frequency of missing answers per item and administration time. The Arabic Index of Content Validity (was used for content validity assessment. The Arabic version of WeeFIM has borderline reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.619 and Pearson correlation coefficient: r = 0.986). There was an acceptable percent to have a feasible test as 83.963% of the filled questionnaires had no missing answers and the mean of administration time was 7.4 and 5.5 for first and second assessments, respectively. The Index of Content Validity of adapted WeeFIM items showed that all the questions were relevant except for two questions only. The Arabic version of WeeFIM has high test-retest reliability, moderate internal consistency, and excellent feasibility in measuring and reporting the functional independence and burden of care for children with healed burns.
Eleutheroside E functions as anti-cervical cancer drug by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway and reprogramming the metabolic responses
Authors: Cai Yipin , Zhang Jie , Xin Tiantian , Xu Songyuan , Liu Xiaoli , Gao Yu , Huang Haiwei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Cervical cancer (CC) is the common female malignant tumour with non-negligible morbidity and mortality. Eleutheroside E (EE) has anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation effects in diverse disease models. However, its anti-tumour role remains unclear.

Methods
The cell viability, apoptosis rate and protein expressions were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry and western blot assays, respectively. The metabolic profile was performed by GC/MS analysis. Furthermore, the effect of EE on CC was verified in nude mice.

Key findings
EE notably decreased the viability and increased the cell apoptosis, which could be reversed with 740Y-P treatment. EE treatment changed the metabolic categories of SiHa cells. The fatty acids signalling pathway was the most outstanding differential pathway. Myo-inositol prominently enhanced the level of phosphorylated Akt in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, EE declined the tumour volume and weight and the proliferation, but promoted the apoptosis in vivo. EE reduced the relative expression of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt. However, all these in-vivo results were observably antagonized with myo-inositol treatment.

Conclusions
EE plays an anti-tumour role in CC via inhibiting the PI3K pathway and reprogramming the metabolic responses.
Transcriptional and metabolic changes associated with internode development and reduced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity in sorghum
Authors: Ferreira Sávio Siqueira , Goeminne Geert , Simões Marcella Siqueira , Pina André Vicioli de Almeida , Lima Leydson Gabriel Alves de , Pezard Jade , Gutiérrez Ana , Rencoret Jorge , Mortimer Jenny C , del Río José C , Boerjan Wout , Cesarino Igor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms associated with secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition in sorghum remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we employed untargeted metabolomics and large-scale transcriptomics to correlate changes in SCW deposition with variation in global gene expression profiles and metabolite abundance along an elongating internode of sorghum, with a major focus on lignin and phenolic metabolism. To gain deeper insight into the metabolic and transcriptional changes associated with pathway perturbations, a bmr6 mutant [with reduced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity] was analyzed. In the wild type, internode development was accompanied by an increase in the content of oligolignols, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, hydroxycinnamate esters, and flavonoid glucosides, including tricin derivatives. We further identified modules of genes whose expression pattern correlated with SCW deposition and the accumulation of these target metabolites. Reduced CAD activity resulted in the accumulation of hexosylated forms of hydroxycinnamates (and their derivatives), hydroxycinnamaldehydes, and benzenoids. The expression of genes belonging to one specific module in our co-expression analysis correlated with the differential accumulation of these compounds and contributed to explaining this metabolic phenotype. Metabolomics and transcriptomics data further suggested that CAD perturbation activates distinct detoxification routes in sorghum internodes. Our systems biology approach provides a landscape of the metabolic and transcriptional changes associated with internode development and with reduced CAD activity in sorghum.
Determination of QPO properties in the presence of strong broad-band noise: a case study on the data of MAXI J1820+070
Authors: Zhou Deng-Ke , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Song Li-Ming , Qu Jin-Lu , Zhang Liang , Ma Xiang , Tuo You-Li , Ge Ming-Yu , Wang Yanan , Zhang Shu , Tao Lian 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Accurate calculation of the phase lags of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) will provide insight into their origin. In this paper, we investigate the phase lag correction method that has been applied to calculate the intrinsic phase lags of the QPOs in MAXI J1820+070. We find that the traditional additive model between broad-band noise (BBN) and QPOs in the time domain is rejected, but the convolution model is accepted. By introducing a convolution mechanism in the time domain, the Fourier cross-spectrum analysis shows that the phase lags between QPOs components in different energy bands will have a simple linear relationship with the phase lags between the total signals, so that the intrinsic phase lags of the QPOs can be obtained by linear correction. The power density spectrum (PDS) thus requires a multiplicative model to interpret the data. We briefly discuss a physical scenario for interpreting the convolution. In this scenario, the corona acts as a low-pass filter, Green’s function containing the noise is convolved with the QPOs to form the low-frequency part of the PDS, while the high-frequency part requires an additive component. We use a multiplicative PDS model to fit the data observed by the Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT). The overall fitting results are similar compared to the traditional additive PDS model. Neither the width nor the centroid frequency of the QPOs obtained from each of the two PDS models was significantly different, except for the rms of the QPOs. Our work thus provides a new perspective on the coupling of noise and QPOs.
Could the ‘Wow’ signal have originated from a stochastic repeating beacon?
Authors: Kipping David , Gray Robert 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The famous ‘Wow’ signal detected in 1977 remains arguably the most compelling SETI signal ever found. The original Big Ear data require that the signal turned on/off over the span of ∼3 min (time difference between the dual antennae), yet persisted for 72 s (duration of a single beam sweep). Combined with the substantial and negative follow-up efforts, these observations limit the allowed range of signal repeat schedules, to the extent that one might question the credibility of the signal itself. Previous work has largely excluded the hypothesis of a strictly periodic repeating source, for periods shorter than 40 h. However, a non-periodic, stochastic repeater remains largely unexplored. Here, we employ a likelihood emulator using the Big Ear observing logs to infer the probable signal properties under this hypothesis. We find that the maximum a-posteriori solution has a likelihood of 32.3 per cent, highly compatible with the Big Ear data, with a broad 2σ credible interval of signal duration 72 s&lt;T &lt; 77 min and mean repeat rate 0.043 d−1 &lt; λ &lt; 59.8 d−1. We extend our analysis to include 192 h of subsequent observations from META, Hobart, and ATA, which drops the peak likelihood to 1.78 per cent, and thus in tension with the available data at the 2.4σ level. Accordingly, the Wow signal cannot be excluded as a stochastic repeater with available data, and we estimate that 62 d of accumulated additional observations would be necessary to surpass 3σ confidence.