bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does experimental seaweed cultivation affect benthic communities and shorebirds? Applications for extensive aquaculture
Authors: Martínez‐Curci Natalia S. , Fierro Pablo , Navedo Juan G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtensive seaweed aquaculture is a growing industry expected to expand globally due to its relatively low impact and benefits in the form of ecosystem services. However, seaweeds are ecosystem engineers that may alter coastal environments by creating complex habitats on previously bare mudflats. These changes may scale up to top‐consumers, particularly migratory shorebirds, species of conservation concern that regulate trophic webs at these habitats. Understanding how habitats are transformed and how this affects different species is critical to direct ecological applications for commercial seaweed management. We experimentally assessed through a Before‐After Control‐Impact design the potential changes exerted byGracilaria chilensisfarming on bare mudflats on the abundance, biomass, and assemblage structure of benthic macroinvertebrates, and their scaled‐up effects on shorebirds' habitat use and prey consumption. As predicted, experimental cultivation ofG. chilensissignificantly affects different components of biodiversity that scale‐up from lower to upper trophic levels. The total biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates increased with seaweed cultivation and remained high for at least 2 months after harvest, boosted by an increase in the median size of polychaetes, particularly Nereids. Tactile‐foraging shorebirds tracked these changes at the patch level increasing their abundance and spending more time foraging at seaweed cultivated plots. These results suggest that seaweed farming has the potential to impact shorebird populations by favoring tactile‐foraging species which could lead to a competitive disadvantage to species that rely on visual cues. Therefore, the establishment of new seaweed farms in bare mudflats at key sites for shorebirds must be planned warranting habitat heterogeneity (i.e., cultivated and non‐cultivated areas) at the landscape level and based on a previous experimental approach to account for local characteristics. Fostering properly designed extensive seaweed farming over other aquaculture industries with greater negative environmental impacts would provide benefits for human well‐being and for ecosystem functions.
Identification of three Asian otter species (Aonyx cinereus, Lutra sumatrana, and Lutrogale perspicillata) using a novel noninvasive PCR‐RFLP analysis
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Chee‐Yoong Woo , Kannan Adrian , Rama Rao Suganiya , Abdul‐Patah Pazil , Ratnayeke Shyamala 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFour species of otters occur in tropical Asia, and all face multiple threats to their survival. Studies of distribution and population trends of these otter species in Asia, where they occur sympatrically, are complicated by their elusive nature and difficulties with reliable identification of species in field surveys. In Malaysia, only three species, the smooth‐coated otter, Asian small‐clawed otter, and hairy‐nosed otter have been reliably reported as residents. We designed a replicable and cost‐efficient PCR‐RFLP protocol to identify these three species. Using published reference sequences of mitochondrial regions, we designed and tested three PCR‐RFLP protocols on DNA extracted from reference samples and 33 spraints of wild otters collected along the North Central Selangor Coast of Malaysia. We amplified and sequenced two fragments (450 and 200 bp) of the mt D‐loop region and a 300‐bp fragment of the mt ND4 gene using primer sets TanaD, TanaD‐Mod, and OTR‐ND4, respectively. Amplification products were digested with restriction enzymes to generate species‐specific RFLP profiles. We analyzed the costs of all three protocols and compared these with the costs of sequencing for species identification. Amplification success was highest for the smallest PCR product, with the TanaD‐Mod primer amplifying DNA from all 33 spraints. TanaD and OTR‐ND4 primers amplified DNA from 60.6% and 63.6% spraints, respectively. PCR products of TanaD‐Mod provided the expected species‐specific RFLP profile for 32 (97%) of the spraints. PCR products of OTR‐ND4 provided the expected RFLP profile for all 21 samples that amplified, but TanaD produced spurious bands and inconsistent RFLP profiles. The OTR‐ND4 primer–enzyme protocol was the least expensive (437 USD) for processing 100 samples, followed by TanaD‐Mod (455 USD). We suggest the use of both OTR‐ND4 and TanaD‐Mod protocols that show potential for highly efficient and reliable species identification from noninvasive genetic sampling of three Asian otter species. We expect our novel noninvasive PCR‐RFLP analysis methods to facilitate population monitoring, ecological and behavioral studies on otters in tropical and subtropical Asia.
An environmental DNA metabarcoding approach versus a visual survey for reefs of Koh Pha‐ngan in Thailand
Authors: Gösser Fabian , Schweinsberg Maximilian , Mittelbach Pierre , Schoenig Eike , Tollrian Ralph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInformation on diversity indices and abundance of individual species is crucial for the assessment of ecosystem health, especially for endangered ecosystems as coral reefs. The application of environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor coral biodiversity is, however, just beginning to come into focus for marine biologists. In this study, an eDNA metabarcoding approach of seawater samples in three different reefs on Koh Pha‐ngan, Thailand, was compared with simultaneously collected visual census data. In addition, differences in read abundance and number of genera detected between daytime and nighttime eDNA samples were examined, and a local coral barcode reference database (n = 23 genera; COI gene) was constructed to improve assignment of eDNA reads to the genus level. As a technical extension of existing assays, two methods for library construction were compared: a commercial kit and in‐house developed fusion primers. Combining eDNA metabarcoding and visual data, 29 different genera of scleractinian corals from 14 families were detected. In addition, a log‐linear correlation was found between the abundance of eDNA reads and visually determined relative coral cover at the genus level, suggesting a predictive relationship between eDNA reads and coral cover. Results also showed diurnal variation between day and night samples in the number of eDNA reads, purported to relate to the activity phases of corals. The use of uniquely labeled fusion primers, gave comparable results to a commercially available library preparation kit. Especially with frequent use, fusion primers can be very cost‐effective, and therefore a consideration for large‐scale studies. Using a custom reference database of 89 sequences from coral tissue samples of 23 different coral genera produced better results than querying against NCBI GenBank, highlighting the importance of locally optimized databases. We consider these results important for establishing eDNA as a complementary tool to visual surveys to track changes in coral diversity and cover.
Post‐induction lymph node delineation in nasopharyngeal cancer: A single‐center experience
Authors: Sari Sezin Yuce , Yigit Ecem , Yazici Gozde , Gullu Ibrahim Halil , Aksoy Sercan , Ozyigit Gokhan , Cengiz Mustafa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe routinely delineate the gross tumor volume (GTV) for the lymph nodes (LN) based on post‐induction chemotherapy (IC) MRI in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Herein, we investigated the sufficiency of this method, particularly in high‐risk LNs.MethodsEighty‐one LNs with a high‐risk of clinical extranodal extension and/or ≥3‐cm diameter in 58 patients were evaluated. A new GTV covering the pre‐IC LN volume was delineated for each LN.ResultsThe median volume reduction was 72.5% for the GTV and 53.1% for the planning target volume. After a median 43 months, the overall LN local control rate was 97.5%. The 2‐ and 5‐year LN recurrence‐free survival, overall survival, and disease‐free survival rate was 88.3% and 84.4%, 92.5% and 85.1%, and 86.8% and 79.2%, respectively.ConclusionIC yields a significant reduction in nodal target volumes, and post‐IC nodal volume‐based radiotherapy provides excellent LC in NPC, even in high‐risk LNs.
Trigeminal Sensitivity in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Burghardt Georg Karl Ludwig , Cuevas Mandy , Sekine Rumi , Hummel Thomas 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveAllergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are of high importance in otorhinolaryngology. Some of their symptoms are related to changes in the nasal trigeminal sensitivity. The aim of this study was to compare nasal trigeminal sensitivity in patients with AR, CRSwNP, and healthy controls (HC).MethodsA total of 75 individuals participated (age 19–78 years; 34 AR, 10 CRSwNP and 31 HC). Olfactory function was determined using the extended Sniffin’ Sticks test battery. Trigeminal sensitivity was assessed with CO2 detection thresholds. Trigeminal negative mucosal potentials (NMP) and EEG‐derived event‐related potentials (ERP) were recorded in response to selective olfactory (phenylethyl alcohol) and trigeminal (CO2) stimuli using high‐precision air‐dilution olfactometry.ResultsIn comparison to HC, AR patients had lower CO2 thresholds, also reflected in shorter peak latencies in NMP and trigeminal ERP measurements. CRSwNP patients had a decreased sensitivity for trigeminal stimuli, also reflected in prolonged trigeminal ERP latencies, and reduced olfactory function compared to HC.ConclusionAR patients seemed to be more sensitive to trigeminal stimuli than CRSwNP patients. Importantly, the differences could be shown on psychophysical and electrophysiological levels. The changes in trigeminal sensitivity appear to be present already at the level of the respiratory epithelium. The differences between the two groups may depend on the specific inflammatory changes accompanying each disorder, the degree of inflammatory activity, or duration of the inflammatory disorder. However, because the sample sizes are relatively small, these results need to be confirmed in the future studies with larger groups.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:654–660, 2023
Carbon Nanotubes Networking in Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber: A Dynamic Mechanical and Dielectric Spectroscopy Study
Authors: García Daniela , Salzano de Luna Martina , Mensitieri Giuseppe , Escobar Mariano , Mansilla Marcela , Baldanza Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study of the reinforcement network in elastomer compounds is one of the most relevant issues for the application of these materials because their properties are strongly dependent on the obtained morphology. To this regard, the viscoelastic and dielectric behavior of vulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforced with different amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been investigated and compared with the vulcanized unfilled SBR and the vulcanized SBR samples reinforced with a conventional amount of carbon black (40 phr). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements have been carried out to highlight possible differences of the glass transition temperatures for all the reinforced compounds. The percolation threshold value of the nanocomposite samples has been estimated by dielectric analysis. Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements have been performed in tensile mode in the temperature range of −60 to 80 °C to obtain bothE′ andE′′. From these experimental data, the master curve for each sample has been estimated by using the time–temperature superposition principle in combination with the vertical shift approach. From the analysis of this latter, the activation energy, associated to the thermal movement of the reinforcement network, has been calculated to better elucidate the reinforcement mechanism in the nanocomposites.
A participatory arts programme – Shared experience for family caregivers and care recipients
Authors: Vaajoki Anne , Turjamaa Riitta , Lakka Timo , Mäkinen Eeva , Välimäki Tarja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe family caregivers of older people's experiences of participatory art interventions, including music, dance and visual arts.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsThematic interviews were conducted with 12 family caregivers. Qualitative data were analysed with thematic analysis.ResultsThe results illustrated the meaning of art groups, which included a shared feeling of togetherness, empowering and activating peer support and a sense of communality. Art groups also represented a hobby, enhancing caregivers' social and mental well‐being. The art groups could be described as an art‐driven, participatory shared experience. Participatory arts are noteworthy contributors to the well‐being of family caregivers and care recipients, especially from peer support and communality. Further research is needed to find out about participants' preferred art‐based activities and their impact on their well‐being. No patient or public contribution because of inflexibility in the timing of engagement.
Linearized compact difference schemes applied to nonlinear variable coefficient parabolic equations with distributed delay
Authors: Tan Zengqiang , Yan Xiaoqiang , Qian Xu , Song Songhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, combined with the compound trapezoidal formula, two linearized compact difference methods are presented for solving nonlinear variable coefficient parabolic equations with distributed delay. It is proved under some appropriate conditions that these linearized compact schemes are uniquely solvable and convergent of order two in time and order four in space. Finally, with several numerical experiments, the theoretical accuracy and computational effectiveness of the proposed methods are further testified.
NINJ2 deficiency inhibits preadipocyte differentiation and promotes insulin resistance through regulating insulin signaling
Authors: Peng Huixin , Yu Yubing , Wang Pengyun , Yao Yufeng , Wu Xinna , Zheng Qian , Wang Jing , Tian Beijia , Wang Yifan , Ke Tie , Liu Mugen , Tu Xin , Liu Huiying , Wang Qing K. , Xu Chengqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveGenetic variants in ninjurin‐2 (NINJ2; nerve injury‐induced protein 2) confer risk of ischemic strokes and coronary artery disease as well as endothelial activation and inflammation. However, little is known about NINJ2's in vivo functions and underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe phenotypes of NINJ2 knockout mice were analyzed, and mechanisms of NINJ2 that regulate body weight, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis and lipogenesis were investigated in vivo and in vitro.ResultsThis study found that mice lacking NINJ2 showed impaired adipogenesis, increased insulin resistance, and abnormal glucose homeostasis, all of which are risk factors for strokes and coronary artery disease. Mechanistically, NINJ2 directly interacts with insulin receptor/insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (INSR/IGF1R), and NINJ2 knockdown can block insulin‐induced mitotic clonal expansion during preadipocyte differentiation by inhibiting protein kinase B/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (AKT/ERK) signaling and by decreasing the expression of key adipocyte transcriptional regulators CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein β (C/EBP‐β), C/EBP‐α, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ). Furthermore, the interaction between NINJ2 and INSR/IGF1R is needed for maintaining insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and muscle via AKT and glucose transporter type 4. Notably, adenovirus‐mediated NINJ2 overexpression can ameliorate diet‐induced insulin resistance in mice.ConclusionsIn conclusion, these findings reveal NINJ2 as an important new facilitator of insulin receptors, and the authors propose a unique regulatory mechanism between insulin signaling, adipogenesis, and insulin resistance.
Anti‐pruritic effect of isothiocyanates: Potential involvement of toll‐like receptor 3 signaling
Authors: Moriyama Masaki , Konno Mitsuhiro , Serizawa Kanako , Yuzawa Natsumi , Majima Yuki , Hayashi Ikuo , Suzuki Tomohiko , Kainoh Mie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe innate immune system has an emerging role as a mediator of neuro‐immune communication and a therapeutic target for itch. Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in itch, as shown in TLR3 knock‐out mice. In this study, to evaluate effects of TLR3 inhibitors on histamine‐independent itch, we used two kinds of isothiocyanate (ITC). Both phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN) inhibited Poly I:C (PIC)‐induced signaling in the RAW264.7 cell line. We then investigated the anti‐pruritic effect of these compounds on PIC‐ and chloroquine (CQ)‐induced scratching behavior. PEITC and SFN both suppressed PIC‐evoked scratching behavior in mice, and PEITC also inhibited CQ‐induced acute itch. Finally, we examined the oxazolone‐induced chronic itch model in mice. Surprisingly, oral dosing of both compounds suppressed scratching behaviors that were observed in mice. Our findings demonstrate that TLR3 is a critical mediator in acute and chronic itch transduction in mice and may be a promising therapeutic target for pruritus in human skin disorders. It is noteworthy that SFN has potential for use as an antipruritic as it is a phytochemical that is used as a supplement.
Uncertainty measurement of a configurable business process
Authors: Saidi Malak , Tissaoui Anis , Benslimane Djamal , Faiz Sami 
Published: December 2022

AbstractToday, the economic crisis is putting enormous pressure on most organizations. It evolves in a crucial competitive environment with a multiplication of production cycles and implementation on the market. Due to this dynamism, organizations must be scalable and agile by adopting an approach that aims to make the process model of a given organization reusable. Indeed, according to the new paradigm which is called “Design by reuse” the models of configurable processes, gain recently in importance since these models have the capacity to represent explicitly the common parts and variables of identical processes in a customizable model. These configurable process which group several execution choices through a variation point called configurable connector will present an uncertainty related to the execution (or not) of the conditional tasks in a process model. In this paper, we propose a measure based on Shannon's entropy in order to model the uncertainty of the process at design time to guide configurable business process designers and analysts in developing and improving processes to be more predictable, less complex, and more understandable.
Treatment of palpebral squamous cell carcinoma in a cat using strontium‐90 plesiotherapy
Authors: Bailey Kelsey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis, treatment and outcome of palpebral squamous cell carcinoma in a 7‐year‐old, male, neutered domestic shorthair cat is reported, after a 2‐year history of progressive ocular discharge and dermatitis. On presentation, there were multifocal ulcerations and eschars beginning just dorsal to the medial canthus, and extending along the medial canthus to just temporal of the middle of the lower eyelid. A biopsy sample was obtained and consistent with squamous cell carcinoma with mild to moderate chronic, lymphoplasmacytic and mastocytic dermatitis. The cat underwent one session of strontium‐90 plesiotherapy. There were no signs of squamous cell carcinoma recurrence at the time of the last follow‐up examination 4 months after strontium‐90 plesiotherapy. However, alopecia and mild epiphora were still present. This patient had an excellent ocular outcome after strontium‐90 plesiotherapy.
Restrictions on Data Transfers and the WTO
Authors: Naef Tobias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe WTO is not well-known for being an institution that regulates the free flow of personal data across borders. The trade agreements under the auspices of the WTO either predate or coincide with the invention and early development of the internet. When the WTO was created in 1994, its members agreed to create rules for trade in services. Tim Wu observed that as a consequence, and almost by accident, “the WTO has put itself in an oversight position for most of the national laws and practices that regulate the Internet.” Wu (Chicago J Int Law 7(1), 264, 2006). Over a quarter century later, the internet has become indispensable for trade in services, facilitating not only communication and payment between parties involved in any transaction, but also as a platform for the transmission of the services themselves, and the driving technology for the creation of new services. The first section of this chapter shows how cross-border flows of personal data (on the internet) have become intertwined with the supply of many digital services (Sect. 4.1). The second section describes how the rules of the WTO on trade in services are relevant for the regulation of cross-border flows of personal data (Sect. 4.2). These multilateral trade rules can be used as proxies to distinguish between legitimate regulatory concerns and protectionism. Regarding the regulation of cross-border flows of personal data, these rules allow for the legal assessment of the line between data protection and data protectionism. The third section of this chapter analyzes whether the EU’s fundamental rights-based regulation of data transfers interferes with the rules of the WTO on trade in services (Sect. 4.3). The fourth section assesses whether the interferences that have been identified can be justified under the relevant exceptions to the rules of the WTO on trade in services (Sect. 4.4).
Genome-wide identification of Fagus sylvatica aquaporins and their comparative spring and summer expression profiles
Authors: Israel David , Durand Maxime , Salmon Yann , Zwiazek Janusz Jerzy , Robson Thomas Matthew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Key message
A total of 45 aquaporins was identified in Fagus sylvatica, 35 of which were differentially expressed in spring and summer in the leaves, phloem and xylem of 11-year-old trees.

Abstract
European beech (Fagus sylvatica) has been widely studied in terms of its water relations and local adaptation. However, to date, the underlying basis conferring adaptation to differences in water availability are unknown. Therefore, we examined the expression of aquaporins in trees of four different beech provenances representing the southern and northern range margins, as well as core populations, grown in a common garden. We sampled their xylem, phloem and leaf tissue, when leaves had fully expanded, and in late summer. A total of 45 aquaporin isoforms were identified in the beech genome, of which 35 were detected across all sampled tissues. In our phylogenetic analysis, beech aquaporins clustered into the five subfamilies found in other woody species. Members of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein subfamily generally displayed the highest levels of expression, followed by tonoplast intrinsic proteins. Isoforms of the remaining subfamilies, Noduline-26-like intrinsic proteins, small basic intrinsic proteins and uncharacterised intrinsic proteins, were expressed at very low to moderate levels. The expression of most isoforms was stable or declined from spring to summer. Leaves followed a different expression profile from that of vascular tissues, whereas both phloem and xylem were found to express the same FsMIPs. Tissue-specific aquaporin expression was very similar amongst the four beech provenances, indicating that there is no inherent difference in the capability of these provenances to regulate aquaporin activity. The general decrease in FsMIP expression toward the end of the growing period indicates that aquaporins are involved in tree water relations and growth.