bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewal of the domestic Symphonism of the 1960s in the works of young Leningrad composers
Authors: Serov Iurii Eduardovich 
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the period of Russian symphonic music of the 1960s. A new generation of "sixties" composers has entered the Soviet music scene, imperiously declaring themselves with bright creative achievements, fresh and modern musical language. The epoch of the turning point dictated a new reality, required new artistic thinking, generated diverse creative ideas. The panorama of Russian music was quite colorful, many things in art appeared and disappeared very rapidly, stylistic pluralism, lost at the dawn of Soviet power, returned to the music scene. Special attention is paid to the works of composers of the Leningrad school вЂ” S. Slonimsky, Y. Falik, L. Prigozhin and V. Gavrilin. All of them opened new stylistic horizons and absorbed into their sound orbit the main trends of modern music, including the conquests of the Western avant-garde. В The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that the author examines the bright and original works of young Leningrad authors in the context of stylistic and linguistic innovations of the 1960s. The article analyzes the role and place of "Sixties" composers in the struggle for "new music". The main conclusion of the article is the idea that the period of musical renewal of the 1960s under consideration turned out to be extremely saturated with the most complex and diverse problems: ideological, general aesthetic, musical style. S. Slonimsky, Y. Falik, L. Prigozhin, V. Gavrilin became undisputed leaders in the renewal of Russian music of the second half of the twentieth century, and their works-"symbols" fully reflected the intense search of the post-war generation of Soviet composers.
Differences in lower limb muscle activation between global and selective instability devices in single-leg stance in healthy active subjects
Authors: Sánchez-Barbadora Mariana , Cuerda-Del Pino Alba , González-Rosalén Javier , Moreno-Segura Noemi , Escriche-Escuder Adrian , Martín-San Agustín Rodrigo 
Published: April 2022

Background
Balance and strength training are frequent strategies to address lower limb injuries, including ankle injuries, which are usually performed in single-leg stance on global instability devices, producing generalized muscular activation of the lower limb. In this context, new specific instability devices arise from the need to selectively work the ankle, specifically the peroneus longus. This study aimed to compare the EMG muscle activation of the peroneus longus, as well as other lower limbs muscles, in a single-leg stance on different balance training devices (BOSU, wobble board, power board, and Blackboard) in standing or squatting positions.

Methods
Twenty healthy recreationally trained subjects participated in the study. Subjects performed three repetitions of 15 s (one for familiarization and two for measurement) in standing and squatting positions on the floor, BOSU, wobble board, power board, and Blackboard. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record activity of the peroneus longus, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and gluteus maximus.

Results
The main outcome was that no differences were found for the peroneus longus normalized EMG, neither between devices (p = 0.09) nor between conditions (p = 0.11), nor in the interaction between them (p = 0.16). For the normalized EMG of the other muscles, there were multiple differences between devices and conditions. Of the devices studied, the Blackboard was the one that implied a lower activation of the lower limb muscles and a lower degree of instability, activating the peroneus longus similarly to global instability devices. The BOSU and wobble board achieved high levels of EMG muscle activation for most muscles of the lower limbs. Therefore, they should be considered as potential devices for work in highly unstable conditions or when high activation levels are sought.
Assessing workplace civility: Validity and 1-year test-retest reliability of a Japanese version of the CREW Civility Scale
Authors: Tsuno Kanami , Shimazu Akihito , Osatuke Katerine , Shimada Kyoko , Ando Emiko , Inoue Akiomi , Kurioka Sumiko , Kawakami Norito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the eight-item CREW Civility Scale which measures workplace civility norms and compare the civility scores among various occupations.

Methods
A longitudinal study included all employees in a social care organization (N = 658) and a cross-sectional study included all civil servants in one city (N = 3242) in Japan. Structural validity was tested through confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Construct validity was assessed through Pearson's correlations of civility with other variables. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and 1-year test-retest reliability was assessed by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).

Results
The results of CFA showed an acceptable level of model fit (TLI =0.929; CFI =0.949; and SRMR =0.034). CREW Civility Scale scores were significantly positively correlated with supervisor support, co-worker support, and work engagement, while significantly negatively correlated with incivility, workplace bullying, intention to leave, and psychological distress, which were consistent with our hypotheses. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.93 and ICC was 0.52. Younger, high-educated, and managerial employees and, childminder/nursery staff reported higher civility. High school graduates and respondents who did not graduate from high school, part-time employees, nurses, paramedical staff, and care workers reported lower civility.

Conclusions
The Japanese version of the CREW Civility scale is a reliable, valid measure of civility, appropriate for Japanese workplaces as well as for use in multi-national studies alongside other existing versions of this scale in English, Portuguese and Farsi.
Dosimetric considerations for moldable silicone composites used in radiotherapy applications
Authors: Aldosary Ghada , Belec Jason , Foottit Claire , Vandervoort Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDue to their many favorable characteristics, moldable silicone (MS) composites have gained popularity in medicine and recently, in radiotherapy applications. We investigate the dosimetric properties of silicones in radiotherapy beams and determine their suitability as water substitutes for constructing boluses and phantoms. Two types of silicones were assessed (= 1.04 g/cm3 and = 1.07 g/cm3). Various dosimetric properties were characterized, including the relative electron density, the relative mean mass energy‐absorption coefficient, and the relative mean mass restricted stopping power. Silicone slabs with thickness of 1.5 cm and 5.0 cm were molded to mimic a bolus setup and a phantom setup, respectively. Measurements were conducted for Co‐60 and 6 MV photon beams, and 6 MeV electron beams. The doses at 1.5 cm and 5.0 cm depths in MS were measured with solid water (SW) backscatter material (DMS–SW), and with a full MS setup (DMS–MS), then compared with doses at the same depths in a full SW setup (DSW–SW). Relative doses were reported as DMS–SW/DMS–SW and DMS–MS/DSW–SW. Experimental results were verified using Monaco treatment planning system dose calculations and Monte Carlo EGSnrc simulations. Film measurements showed varying dose ratios according to MS and beam types. For photon beams, the bolus setup DMS–SW/DSW–SW exhibited a 5% relative dose reduction. The dose for 6 MV beams was reduced by nearly 2% in a full MS setup. Up to 2% dose increase in both scenarios was observed for electron beams. Compared with dose in SW, an interface of MS–SW can cause relatively high differences. We conclude that it is important to characterize a particular silicone's properties in a given beam quality prior to clinical use. Because silicone compositions vary between manufacturers and differ from water/SW, accurate dosimetry using these materials requires consideration of the reported differences.
Structural Phase Transitions between Layered Indium Selenide for Integrated Photonic Memory
Authors: Li Tiantian , Wang Yong , Li Wei , Mao Dun , Benmore Chris J. , Evangelista Igor , Xing Huadan , Li Qiu , Wang Feifan , Sivaraman Ganesh , Janotti Anderson , Law Stephanie , Gu Tingyi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe primary mechanism of optical memoristive devices relies on phase transitions between amorphous and crystalline states. The slow or energy‐hungry amorphous–crystalline transitions in optical phase‐change materials are detrimental to the scalability and performance of devices. Leveraging an integrated photonic platform, nonvolatile and reversible switching between two layered structures of indium selenide (In2Se3) triggered by a single nanosecond pulse is demonstrated. The high‐resolution pair distribution function reveals the detailed atomistic transition pathways between the layered structures. With interlayer “shear glide” and isosymmetric phase transition, switching between the α‐ and β‐structural states contains low re‐configurational entropy, allowing reversible switching between layered structures. Broadband refractive index contrast, optical transparency, and volumetric effect in the crystalline–crystalline phase transition are experimentally characterized in molecular‐beam‐epitaxy‐grown thin films and compared to ab initio calculations. The nonlinear resonator transmission spectra measure of incremental linear loss rate of 3.3 GHz, introduced by a 1.5 µm‐long In2Se3‐covered layer, resulted from the combinations of material absorption and scattering.
Identification of the Stable Pt Single Sites in the Environment of Ions: From Mechanism to Design Principle
Authors: Chen Fangyuan , Sun Wenming , Zhang Dongpeng , Guo Fa , Zhan Sihui , Shen Zhurui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor single‐atom (SA)‐based catalysis, it is urgent to understand the nature and dynamic evolution of SA active sites during the reactions. In this work, an example of Pt SA‐Zn0.5Cd0.5S (Pt SA‐ZCS) is found to display interesting phenomena when facing the Brownian collision of ions in aqueous photocatalysis. Via synchrotron radiation, surface techniques, microscopy, and theory calculations, the results show that two kinds of Pt sites exist: PtZn‐sub‐S3 (Pt substituting the Zn site) and Ptads‐S2 (Pt adsorbing on the surface). In Na2S, the S2− can coordinate with Pt atoms and peel them from the Ptads‐S2 sites, but leaves more stable PtZn‐sub‐S3 sites, bringing a low but stable catalytic activity (19.40 mmol g−1 h−1). Meanwhile, in ascorbic acid, the ascorbic acid ions show less complex ability with Pt atoms, but can decrease the migration barrier of Ptads‐S2 sites (67.18 down to 35.96 mmol g−1 h−1, 52.03% drop after 6 h). Therefore, the Ptads‐S2 sites gradually aggregate into nanoclusters, bringing a high but decayed catalytic activity. Moreover, a Pt SA‐ZCS‐Sulfur composite is designed mainly covered by PtZn‐sub‐S3 sites accordingly (max: 79.09 mmol g−1 h−1, 5% drop after 6 h and QE: 14.0% at 420 nm), showing a beneficial strategy “from mechanism to design principle.”
An Artificial Tactile Neuron Enabling Spiking Representation of Stiffness and Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Lee Junseok , Kim Seonjeong , Park Seongjin , Lee Jaesang , Hwang Wonseop , Cho Seong Won , Lee Kyuho , Kim Sun Mi , Seong Tae‐Yeon , Park Cheolmin , Lee Suyoun , Yi Hyunjung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMechanical properties of biological systems provide useful information about the biochemical status of cells and tissues. Here, an artificial tactile neuron enabling spiking representation of stiffness and spiking neural network (SNN)‐based learning for disease diagnosis is reported. An artificial spiking tactile neuron based on an ovonic threshold switch serving as an artificial soma and a piezoresistive sensor as an artificial mechanoreceptor is developed and shown to encode the elastic stiffness of pressed materials into spike frequency evolution patterns. SNN‐based learning of ultrasound elastography images abstracted by spike frequency evolution rate enables the classification of malignancy status of breast tumors with a recognition accuracy up to 95.8%. The stiffness‐encoding artificial tactile neuron and learning of spiking‐represented stiffness patterns hold a great promise for the identification and classification of tumors for disease diagnosis and robot‐assisted surgery with low power consumption, low latency, and yet high accuracy.
Insights into the Mechanism of Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Allylic Alkylation of Cyclopropanols
Authors: Kitabayashi Akito , Mizushima Sho , Higashida Kosuke , Yasuda Yuto , Shimizu Yohei , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnantioselective copper‐catalyzed ring‐opening allylic alkylation of a cyclopropanol with an allyl phosphate was developed using a phenol‐NHC chiral ligand. DFT calculations indicated that a copper homoenolate is formed via Li−Cu bimetallic activation of a cyclopropoxide and that syn‐SN2’ attack of the Cu center of the homoenolate to the allyl phosphate followed by facile C−C bond formation affords the β‐allylated ketone. Noncovalent interaction analysis showed that the enantiocontrol is achieved by the synergy of electrostatic interactions among Cu, Li, and O atoms, C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions, and C−H/π London dispersions.magnified image
Photocatalytic Quantum Dot‐Armed Bacteriophage for Combating Drug‐Resistant Bacterial Infection
Authors: Wang Lei , Fan Xin , Gonzalez Moreno Mercedes , Tkhilaishvili Tamta , Du Weijie , Zhang Xianlong , Nie Chuanxiong , Trampuz Andrej , Haag Rainer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial infection is one of the greatest challenges to public health, a crisis demanding the next generation of highly effective antibacterial agents to specifically target MDR bacteria. Herein, a novel photocatalytic quantum dot (QD)‐armed bacteriophage (QD@Phage) is reported for combating green fluorescent protein‐expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GFP‐P. aeruginosa) infection. The proposed QD@Phage nanosystem not only specifically binds to the host GFP‐P. aeruginosa while preserving the infectivity of the phage itself, but also shows a superior capacity for synergistic bacterial killing by phage and by the photocatalytic localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from anchored QD components. Notably, this highly targeted QD@Phage nanosystem achieves robust in vitro antibacterial elimination for both planktonic (over 99.9%) and biofilm (over 99%) modes of growth. In a mouse wound infection model, this system also shows remarkable activity in eliminating the wound infection and promoting its recovery. These results demonstrate that the novel QD@Phage nanosystem can diversify the existing pool of antibacterial agents and inspire the development of promising therapeutic strategies against MDR bacterial infection.
Anti‐Oxidative and Anti‐Inflammatory Micelles: Break the Dry Eye Vicious Cycle
Authors: Li Su , Lu Zhouyu , Huang Yue , Wang Yin , Jin Qiao , Shentu Xingchao , Ye Juan , Ji Jian , Yao Ke , Han Haijie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDry eye disease (DED) impacts ≈30% of the world's population and causes serious ocular discomfort and even visual impairment. Inflammation is one core cause of the DED vicious cycle, a multifactorial deterioration in DED process. However, there are also reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulating inflammation and other points in the cycle from the upstream, leading to treatment failure of current therapies merely targeting inflammation. Accordingly, the authors develop micelle‐based eye drops (more specifically p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitor Losmapimod (Los)‐loaded and ROS scavenger Tempo (Tem)‐conjugated cationic polypeptide micelles, designated as MTem/Los) for safe and efficient DED management. Cationic MTem/Los improve ocular retention of conjugated water‐soluble Tem and loaded water‐insoluble Los via electrostatic interaction with negatively charged mucin on the cornea, enabling an increase in therapeutic efficiency and a decrease in dosing frequency. Mechanistically, MTem/Los effectively decrease ROS over‐production, reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, restrain macrophage proinflammatory phenotypic transformation, and inhibit cell apoptosis. Therapeutically, the dual‐functional MTem/Los suppress the inflammatory response, reverse corneal epithelial defect, save goblet cell dysfunction, and recover tear secretion, thus breaking the vicious cycle and alleviating the DED. Moreover, MTem/Los exhibit excellent biocompatibility and tolerability for potential application as a simple and rapid treatment of oxidative stress‐ and inflammation‐induced disorders, including DED.
Fabrication of luminescent patterns using aggregation‐induced emission molecules by an electrolytic micelle disruption approach
Authors: Zhou Yaqian , Villani Elena , Kurioka Tomoyuki , Zhang Yanyun , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we report an electrochemical strategy that could control the location of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules on patterned electrodes in a precise and facile way, producing photoluminescent and electrochemiluminescent patterns with a variety of colors. A micelle composed of electroactive surfactants was broken during the electrooxidation process, in which AIE molecules inside these micelles were released on patterned electrodes. These patterned electrodes were pretreated by not only metal, but also multifarious conducting polymers (CPs). An in‐depth investigation clarified a correlation between the variety of CPs used as electrodes and the oxidation rate of the electroactive surfactant due to different catalytic performances of CPs. Furthermore, combined with wireless and gradient features of bipolar electrochemistry, a gradient luminescent pattern was easily achieved. The current studies suggest more abundant luminescent patterns using AIE luminophores can be developed by such an electrochemical method, in both of graphical shapes and emitting colors.
Spatial phylogenetics of Japanese ferns: Patterns, processes, and implications for conservation
Authors: Nitta Joel H. , Mishler Brent D. , Iwasaki Wataru , Ebihara Atsushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseBiodiversity is often only measured with species richness; however, this metric ignores evolutionary history and is not sufficient for making conservation decisions. Here, we characterize multiple facets and drivers of biodiversity to understand how these relate to bioregions and conservation status in the ferns of Japan.MethodsWe compiled a community data set of 1239 grid cells (20 × 20 km each) including 672 taxa based on >300,000 specimen records. We combined the community data with a phylogeny and functional traits to analyze taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity and modeled biodiversity metrics in response to environmental factors and reproductive mode. Hierarchical clustering was used to delimit bioregions. Conservation status and threats were assessed by comparing the overlap of significantly diverse grid cells with conservation zones and range maps of native Japanese deer.ResultsTaxonomic richness was highest at mid‐latitudes. Phylogenetic and functional diversity and phylogenetic endemism were highest in small southern islands. Relative phylogenetic and functional diversity were high at high and low latitudes, and low at mid‐latitudes. Grid cells were grouped into three (phylogenetic) or four (taxonomic) major bioregions. Temperature and apomixis were identified as drivers of biodiversity patterns. Conservation status was generally high for grid cells with significantly high biodiversity, but the threat due to herbivory by deer was greater for taxonomic richness than other metrics.ConclusionsOur integrative approach reveals previously undetected patterns and drivers of biodiversity in the ferns of Japan. Future conservation efforts should recognize that threats can vary by biodiversity metric and consider multiple metrics when establishing conservation priorities.
Digitized collections elucidate invasion history and patterns of awn polymorphism inMicrostegium vimineum
Authors: Barrett Craig F. , Huebner Cynthia D. , Bender Zoe A. , Budinsky Trezalka A. , Corbett Cameron W. , Latvis Maribeth , McKain Michael R. , Motley M'Kayla , Skibicki Samuel V. , Thixton Hana L. , Santee Mathilda V. , Cumberledge Aubrey N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPremiseDigitized collections can help illuminate the mechanisms behind the establishment and spread of invasive plants. These databases provide a record of traits in space and time that allows for investigation of abiotic and biotic factors that influence invasive species.MethodsOver 1100 digitized herbarium records were examined to investigate the invasion history and trait variation ofMicrostegium vimineum. Presence–absence of awns was investigated to quantify geographic patterns of this polymorphic trait, which serves several functions in grasses, including diaspore burial and dispersal to germination sites. Floret traits were further quantified, and genomic analyses of contemporary samples were conducted to investigate the history ofM. vimineum's introduction and spread into North America.ResultsHerbarium records revealed similar patterns of awn polymorphism in native and invaded ranges ofM. vimineum, with awned forms predominating at higher latitudes and awnless forms at lower latitudes. Herbarium records and genomic data suggested initial introduction and spread of the awnless form in the southeastern United States, followed by a putative secondary invasion and spread of the awned form from eastern Pennsylvania. Awned forms have longer florets, and floret size varies significantly with latitude. There is evidence of a transition zone with short‐awned specimens at mid‐latitudes. Genomic analyses revealed two distinct clusters corresponding to awnless and awned forms, with evidence of admixture.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the power of herbarium data to elucidate the invasion history of a problematic weed in North America and, together with genomic data, reveal a possible key trait in introduction success: presence or absence of an awn.
Furan fatty acid concentrations in tea infusions prepared from green, black, and herbal teas
Authors: Romanotto Anna , Langner Jeanette , Sander Martin , Müller Franziska , Vetter Walter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFuran fatty acids (FuFAs) are valuable antioxidants with highly effective radical scavenging properties which are widely distributed at low levels in food. Previous research indicated that tea is a valuable source of FuFAs. However, tea is only consumed in form of infusions. To fill this gap, we prepared infusions from different herbal, green, and black teas. Initial measurements with GC‐MSMS of tea verified previous findings that 11‐(3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐penylfuran‐2‐yl)‐undecanoic acid (11D5) was the prevalent FuFA in tea matrix. Therefore, 11D5 was quantified in tea infusions by means of UHPLC‐MSMS equipment after mild alkaline hydrolysis. While herbal tea infusions were low or free of FuFAs, 11D5 was detectable in all samples of green and black tea infusions. Amounts of 11D5 were higher in green tea than in black tea. Moreover, Darjeeling tea infusions were by ~30% richer in 11D5 than black and green teas from other regions. Each cup of green and black tea infusion may provide 20–60 μg 11D5, which is about 5% of the amounts found in tea samples. Spread over the day, regular tea consumption may contribute to the intake of valuable FuFAs.