bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lipids In A Gut Epithelial Cell Model
Authors: Mattar Hadeer , Claude Emmanuelle , Gethings Lee , Mills Clare 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Scope: The Caco2/HT29-MTX co-culture system is widely used as a cell model of the intestinal epithelium. Although the gut epithelium plays an important role in the uptake of free fatty acids and the resynthesis of triglycerides the lipid distribution profile of the co-culture system is not well understood. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is a mass spectrometry (MS) technique which has been widely used to study the main classes of lipid molecules on different tissue surfaces. This has been used to map lipid species and their distribution in Caco2 and HT29-MTX co-culture system. Methods and results: Caco2 and HT29-MTX cells were seeded on coverslips either singly or as cocultures in ratios of 75:25 and 50:50. Cells were cultured for 21 days before MS imaging using a DESI source in both the positive and negative ionization modes. The identity of selected lipids was confirmed in negative and positive ionisation modes using tandem MS. Although many lipids were common to both cell lines, there were distinctive patterns in the lipidomes. Thus, the lipidome of Caco2 cells was more heterogeneous and rich in cholesterol esters and triglycerides whilst HT29-MTX cells has a distinctive lipidome relating to phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols and odd chain lipids, including C17 fatty acids. Conclusion: DESI-MSI has shown that Caco2 and HT29-MTX cells have distinctive lipidomes which are still evident when the cells are cocultured. It has potential to both allow further validation of these widely used cell models and provide insights into how dietary components may modify lipid metabolism in future.
SARS-CoV-2 and human retroelements: a case for molecular mimicry?
Authors: Koch Benjamin Florian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The factors driving the late phase of COVID-19 are still poorly understood. However, autoimmunity is an evolving theme in COVID-19’s pathogenesis. Additionally, deregulation of human retroelements (RE) is found in many viral infections, and has also been reported in COVID-19.
Methods
The relationship of coronaviruses (CoV) to RE was explored by comparing CoV genomes to a comprehensive RE database. Next, the aligning results were matched to epitope signatures from severely vs. mildly affected COVID-19 patients. In addition, transcriptomes from healthy controls, COVID-19 patients as well as lung- and immune cells were investigated for changes in RE expression after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results
Unexpectedly, CoV – including SARS-CoV-2 – harbour many RE-identical sequences (up to 35 base pairs), and some of these sequences are part of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes associated to COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, RE are expressed in healthy controls and human cells and become deregulated after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing mainly changes in long interspersed nuclear element (LINE1) expression, but also in endogenous retroviruses.
Conclusion
CoV and human RE share coding sequences, who are targeted by antibodies in COVID-19 and thus could induce an autoimmune loop by molecular mimicry. To the best of my knowledge these findings have never been reported before and should be explored further in CoV-related diseases.
Quality of Life of Emirati Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Smail Linda , Jassim Ghufran A. , Khan Sarah , Tirmazy Syed , Ameri Mouza Al 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: This study examined the quality of life of Emirati women with breast cancer (BC).Methods: This study was a population-based study of a random sample of 250 Emirati women with BC. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Cancer-Specific version (EORTC QLQ-C30, v.3.0) and the EORTC QoL Breast Cancer-Specific version (EORTC QLQ-BR23) translated into Arabic.Results: The mean age and median age of the 250 participants were 53.4 (SD ±11.3) and 52 years, respectively.Participants had a mean global health score of 74.73 (SD ±18.25), with a minimum of 16.67, indicating a good level of wellbeing.On the QLQ-C30, the Emirati women seemed to perform well on the functional scales but poorly on the symptom scales. While social functioning scored the highest (82.33 ±28.38) among the functional scales, emotional functioning scored the lowest (68.43 ±30.02). The most worrying symptom was sleep disturbance (47.87±38.46), followed by fatigue (38.18±30.31) and pain (29.13±28.01). Financial impact scored the lowest, indicating that most women did not have financial issues related to their cancer.On the QLQ-BR23, we found that participants performed above average to very good on the functional scales but poorly on the symptom scales. While sexual functioning scored the highest (86.07±22.61) among the functional scales, future perspective scored the lowest (50.80±37.92). The most worrying symptom was upset by hair loss (61.01±37.35), followed by arm symptoms (33.73±28.08).Conclusions: Emirati BC survivors reported good QoL overall. The most bothersome symptoms were sleep disturbance, fatigue, pain, hair loss and arm symptoms. Emirati women scored average on all functional scales, which indicates mediocre functioning, but high on the symptom scales, which indicates worse symptoms. Factors associated with a decline in the domains of QoL included age, income, education, metastases, mastectomy, and lymph node dissection. Recommendations to address these issues are discussed.Trial Registration: NA
GM-CSF derived from inflammatory microenvironment potentially enhanced PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer
Authors: Yonemitsu Kimihiro , Pan Cheng , Fujiwara Yukio , Miyasato Yuko , Shiota Takuya , Yano Hiromu , Hosaka Seiji , Tamada Koji , Yamamoto Yutaka , Komohara Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ever since immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for anti-cancer therapy in several cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer, the significance of programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the tumor immune microenvironment has been a topic of interest. In the present study, we investigated the detailed mechanisms of PD-L1 overexpression on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in breast cancer. In in vitro culture studies using human monocyte-derived macrophages, lymphocytes, and breast cancer cell lines, PD-L1 overexpression on macrophages was induced by the conditioned medium (CM) of activated lymphocytes, but not that of cancer cells. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) derived from activated lymphocytes was found to be involved in PD-L1 overexpression, in addition to interferon (IFN)-γ, via STAT3 pathway activation. Macrophages suppressed lymphocyte activation, and this inhibition was impaired by PD-1 blocking. The CM of activated lymphocytes also induced the overexpression of PD-L2, but GM-CSF did not affect PD-L2 expression. In the murine E0771 breast cancer model, anti-GM-CSF therapy did not affect PD-L1 expression on TAMs, and the mechanisms of PD-L1 expression on TAMs might differ between humans and mice. However, not only PD-L1, but also PD-L2 was overexpressed on TAMs in the E0771 tumor model, and their expression levels were significantly lower in the tumors in nude mice than in wild-type mice. Anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-PD-L2 antibody synergistically inhibited E0771 tumor development. In conclusion, PD-L1 and PD-L2 were overexpressed on TAMs, and they potentially contributed to immunosuppression. The GM-CSF-STAT3 pathway is thought to represent a new mechanism of PD-L1 overexpression on TAMs.
Screening of Phenolic Compounds from Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), Green Synthesis of Iron-Nanoparticles and Determination of its Anti-Microbial Effect on Escherichia coli
Authors: Fayyaz Bakhtawar , Zahra Misbah Batool , Aftab Zill-E-Huma , Haider Muhammad Saleem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nanotechnology now a days recognized and widely accepted technology in industrial sector including therapeutic industry, tissue engineering, micro-electronics, automation, and drugs industry. Spinach contains phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phlobatannins, phenols and glycosides. Spinach extract is beneficial for anti-aging and protection of central nervous systems along with cure from iron deficiency, oxidative stress, diabetes, hepato-toxicity, and many diseases of eyes. Due to biodiversity of plants, green synthesis of iron nanoparticles has great potential. In this experiment phytochemical analysis of Spinach extracts were done. Initial phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phlobatannins, terpenoids and saponins at different concentration of spinach extracts. Terpenoids, flavonoids, and phlobatannins were present in aqueous extract while presence of saponins and tannins were observed in ethyl acetate extract. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized from spinach leaves extract in the presence of FeCl3. Characterization of iron nanoparticles was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), UV-visible spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles was performed to investigate the antibacterial activity against human pathogen Escherichia coli. Thus, it is concluded in this study that biosynthesized iron nanoparticles have potential of biomedical activities that would be a robust benchmark for scientists towards sustainability.
Performance Comparison of Solar Still With Inbuilt Condenser and Agitator Over Conventional Solar Still With Energy and Exergy Analysis
Authors: Rajasekaran Arun Kumar , Kulandaivelu Kalidasa Murugavel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Water plays a vital role in defending the contagious diseases globally, leading to continual increase in demand of water. The increase in demand in turn reduces the fresh water availability. To meet this water demand desalination technologies can be used for fresh water production from seawater. Passive solar distillation techniques are the simplest and favourable, as they use sustainable renewable solar energy as a source. Rate of evaporation and rate of condensation are the major influencing factors which have a direct impact on distillate yield. Single basin single slope conventional solar still (CSS) and single basin single slope solar still with inbuilt condenser and agitator (SSICA) were designed and fabricated for the current study. Both the stills were tested under same ambient condition to compare the performance. Through experimental results, it was found that SSICA had 98.69% more productivity than CSS. The agitating effect caused by agitator in SSICA led to increase in rate of evaporation. The increase in condensing area for same evaporation area of SSICA improved the condensation rate. These two synergized effects resulted in overall performance improvement of SSICA over CSS. Energy analysis revealed that SSICA is 24.42% more efficient than CSS. Exergy efficiency of SSICA and CSS were calculated as 4.82% and 2.04% respectively.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time of Suburban Toddlers aged 12-36 Months.
Authors: Kelly Louise , Knox Allan , Gonzalez Carlos , Lennartz Patrick , Hildebrand Jordan , Carney Blake , Wendt Spencer , Haas Rebecca , Hill Mason 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

AIMS: assess differences in sedentary behavior and physical activity by gender; examine the interaction of ethnicity, gender, and overweight status on physical activity and sedentary behavior, and finally track physical activity in a subset of children aged 12-36 months over 1 year. METHODS: During year one, 142 participants wore the GT3X Actigraph for 3 days. At 1-year follow-up a subset of 25 participants wore the Actigraph for 7 consecutive days. GLM, t-tests as appropriate were carried out to assess the influence of gender on physical activity level. Spearman rank correlations, percentage agreement and kappa statistics assessed tracking of physical activity. RESULTS: There were no significant gender differences in any anthropometric measurements, sedentary behavior or MVPA (p>0.05). There were also no significant gender, ethnicity, and overweight interaction for sedentary behavior, time sent in light PA and time spent at MVPA (p.0.05). For tracking, there was a moderate strength of agreement for MVPA. CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of physical activity and sedentary behavior in toddlers is necessary.
Application of Microtomography and Petrography Techniques For the Characterization of Porosity and Distribution of Synthetic Carbonatic Rock Minerals Before and After Acidification Processes
Authors: Galindo Katia , Lins Cecília , Guimarães Leonardo , Lima Analice , Silva Katarina , Nova Abraão 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work is to physically characterize and analyze synthetic carbonate rocks through microtomography and petrography techniques, focusing on a comparative analysis before and after degradation with a reactive fluid. For this study, physical characterization analysis with computerized microtomography and petrography on the samples before and after the acidification procedure was performed. The petrographic analysis verified an increase in both intergranular and intragranular porosities after dissolution. The microtomography analysis quantified the maximum increase in porosity, from 11.8% to 41.3% in the two-dimensional analysis and 31.6% to 52% in the three-dimensional analysis of the porous structures. Furthermore, the pores were quantified according to their area, and data was obtained on the orientation of the pores, providing insight into the preferred paths of fluid flow. It was also observed that the microtomography technique was an effective tool for characterizing fractures in the samples before and after dissolution. Such analyses are crucial for the extraction and injection of fluids at high depths due to the mechanical and physical risks arising from the dissolution of minerals as well as changes in pressure, temperature, and saturation, all of which affect the stress state of the reservoir rock.
Challenges and Threats to Quality in Scholarly Knowledge Production: Views of Selected Stakeholders from 17 Countries
Authors: Starkey Jesse C. , Koerber Amy , Cummins Robert Glenn , Ardon-Dryer Karin , Eko Lyombe , Kee Kerk F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study applies Harvey and Green’s (1993) model of quality to scholarly knowledge production. Although studies of quality in higher education have been commonplace for decades, there is a gap in understanding quality in terms of research production from the stakeholder’s perspective. This study begins to fill that gap through a qualitative interview study of quality in the knowledge production process. Stakeholders in all parts of the scholarly knowledge production process, from 17 countries are included in the data sample. Interview data are analyzed through the conceptualizations of quality developed by Harvey and Green (1993), extending the use of the model into the realm of the knowledge production process. Definitions and challenges of quality in producing scholarly knowledge are discussed. The findings indicate a rift between the institutional view of quality and the individual perceptions of quality, suggesting the need for policies aimed at addressing a unification of scholarly knowledge production efforts.
An in Vitro Study of the Effect of Mage-D1 in Rat Dental Mineralization via Dynamic Histology and Ectomesenchymal Stem Cell
Authors: Li Meng , Yu Xia , Luo Yuting , Yuan Hongyan , Zhang Yixing , Wen Xiujie , zhou Zhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mage-D1 (MAGE family member D1) is involved in a variety of cell biological effects. Recent studies have shown that Mage-D1 is closely related to tooth development, but its specific regulatory mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of Mage-D1 in rat tooth germ development and its differential mineralization ability to ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), and to explore its potential mechanism. Results showed that the expression of Mage-D1 during rat tooth germ development was temporally and spatially specific. Mage-D1 promotes the proliferation ability of EMSCs but inhibits their migration ability. Under induction by mineralized culture medium, Mage-D1 promotes osteogenesis and tooth-forming ability. In vitro, Mage-D1 not only binds to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) but also to distal-less homeobox 1(Dlx1) and msh homeobox 1 (Msx1). These findings indicate that Mage-D1 is absolutely important in tooth germ development. p75NTR, Dlx1, and Msx1 seem to be closely related to the underlying mechanism of Mage-D1 action.
Neurophysiological correlates of tactile width discrimination in humans
Authors: Pais-Vieira Miguel , Carla Pais-Vieira , Mehrab Allahdad , André Perrotta , André Peres , Carolina Kunicki , Manuel Oliveira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Tactile information processing requires the integration of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. Width discrimination has been extensively studied in rodents, but not in humans. Here, we describe Electroencephalography (EEG) signals in humans performing a tactile width discrimination task. Comparison of changes in Spectral Power Density during two different periods of the task corresponding to the discrimination of the tactile stimulus and the motor response, revealed the engagement of a complex network associated with the electrodes recording from fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital areas and across multiple frequency bands. Analysis of ratios of higher [Ratio1:(0.5-20Hz)/(0.5-45Hz)] or lower frequencies [Ratio2: (0.5-4.5Hz)/(0.5-9Hz)], also revealed that the periods of tactile discrimination and motor response, were accompanied by changes in these ratios. Further analysis of the tactile discrimination period demonstrated that ratios of frequencies recorded from electrodes located in fronto-parietal regions were correlated to tactile width discrimination performance between subjects, while the dynamics in parietal and occipital electrodes were correlated to the changes in performance within subjects. These results support the notion that a bilateral asymmetrical widespread network is associated with tactile width discrimination.
Expression of lncRNA MALAT1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with radiotherapy dose
Authors: Zhao Huarong , Ren Ruirui , Zhang Yang , Suo Longge , Chen Rui , Chen Chen , ZaKai Jiazaila , Zhang Lei , Niyazi Huerxidan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To investigate the relationship between the expression of long-chain non-coding RNA (LncRNA) MALAT1 and radiotherapy effect in cervical cancer tissues.Methods: Sixty cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy were selected and their tissue samples were collected. Siha cell lines and C-33A cell lines were used as MALAT1 high expression group and low expression group. These two cell lines were treated with 6 MV X-ray at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12Gy, and the cell inhibition rate was detected by MTT assay at 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h after irradiation. Apoptosis rate was tested by flow cytometry and the percentage of autophagic cells was evaluated by the MDC method. Quantitative real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of MALAT1.Results: The expression level of MALAT1 was higher in cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues in patients with cervical cancer (P <0.05). And the expression level of MALAT1 in cell line C-33A was significantly lower than that of cell line Siha. Besides, the cell inhibition rate in the MALAT1 low expression group was significantly higher than that in the high expression group, and the percentage of autophagic cells in MALTA1 low expression group was also higher (P<0.05). The percentage of autophagy cells in MALTA1 low expression group was higher than that in the high expression group (P<0.05).Conclusion: MALAT1 plays an important role in cervical cancer and it is also a key point to interfere with the radiosensitivity of cervical squamous carcinoma cells.
Central precocious puberty risk prediction model for Chinese children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Ying , Wen Jing , Huang Wenzhuo , Liu Lijuan , Yuan JiaYang , Cong Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors of central precocious puberty (CPP) in children, furthermore, develop and evaluate the risk prediction model in CPP children.Methods A cross-sectional study based on the electronic medical record system was conducted in the Children Health Care Center in a tertiary A-level hospital in China. A total of 187 children agreed to participate the study from August 2020 to July 2021. Children were split into the central precocious puberty group (n=52) and non-precocious puberty group (n=135), the collected variables associated with CPP (P<0.05) in univariate analyses were introduced in logistic regression analysis to construct the risk prediction model. Then a nomogram was built to visualize the model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predictive the effect of the model.Results The risk factors of CPP children in the risk prediction model were bodyweight (OR=2.383), entertainment time for electronic devices (OR=0.042), sweet tooth (OR=12.400), fried food lover (OR=8.696), and intake of carbonated soft drinks (OR=15.816). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.874 (95% CI: 0.817-0.931), the sensitivity was 0.852, the specificity was 0.769, the Youden index was 0.621, and the optimum critical value was 0.960. Conclusions The nomogram risk prediction model can effectively predict the CPP occurrence in children and provide references for clinical evaluation and early intervention.