bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High cholesterol absorption is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in haemodialysis patients: insights from the AURORA study
Authors: Silbernagel Günther , Duarte Kévin , Sadiku Samir , Fauler Günter , März Winfried , Schmieder Roland E , Jardine Alan G , Massy Ziad A , Girerd Nicolas , Fellström Bengt , Rossignol Patrick , Scharnagl Hubert , Zannad Faiez 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Statin treatment did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in haemodialysis patients in the 4D and AURORA trials. Post hoc analyses in the 4D study suggested that high cholesterol absorption was associated with increased cardiovascular risk and that atorvastatin would reduce cardiovascular risk in haemodialysis patients with low cholesterol absorption but not in those with high cholesterol absorption.

Methods and results
AURORA is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial in haemodialysis patients. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either rosuvastatin, 10 mg daily, or a matching placebo. There was a follow-up for cardiovascular death with a median duration of 3.9 years. The cholestanol and lathosterol to cholesterol ratios were used to estimate cholesterol absorption and synthesis, respectively. Measurement of non-cholesterol sterols was available in 2332 participants of the 2733 patients included in the primary analysis of the AURORA study. A total of 598 participants died from cardiovascular diseases. The 3rd vs. the 1st tertile of the cholestanol-to-cholesterol ratio was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death [hazard ratio, HR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.36 (1.11–1.65)] in univariate (P = 0.002) and multivariate models (P = 0.034). In contrast, the 3rd vs. the 1st tertile of the lathosterol-to-cholesterol ratio was significantly associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular death [HR (95% CI) = 0.81 (0.67–0.99)] in univariate (P = 0.041) and multivariate (P = 0.019) models. There was no significant interaction between the cholestanol and lathosterol to cholesterol tertiles and treatment group in predicting cardiovascular death.

Conclusion
The present data from the AURORA study confirm that high cholesterol absorption is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in haemodialysis patients. Assessment of the individual cholesterol absorption rate to guide initiation of statin treatment is not supported by the findings in the AURORA study.
A 2-item version of the Japanese Consultation and Relational Empathy measure: a pilot study using secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey in primary care
Authors: Takahashi Noriyuki , Matsuhisa Takaharu , Takahashi Kunihiko , Aomatsu Muneyoshi , Mercer Stewart W , Ban Nobutaro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure is a patient-reported measure of physician empathy which is widely used internationally. The Japanese version of the CARE measure has very high internal reliability, suggesting that a shorter version may have adequate validity and reliability.

Objective
To investigate a valid shorter version of the Japanese CARE measure.

Methods
We conducted a pilot study using secondary analysis of previous data obtained from 9 general practitioners and 252 patients and used to develop the Japanese CARE measure. All 1,023 possible combinations of the Japanese CARE items (n = 1–10) were candidates for the short measure. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and the correlations between candidate short questionnaires and the original questionnaire were calculated. After selecting the most valid short questionnaire, inter-rater reliability was determined using generalizability theory, and construct validity (Spearman’s rho) was determined using patient satisfaction.

Results
Two items were selected for a pilot shorter version: item 6 “Showing care and compassion” and item 9 “Helping you to take control.” These showed high internal consistency and correlations with the 10-item measure (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.920, correlation = 0.979). Forty-five questionnaires per doctor allowed us to reliably differentiate between practitioners. The construct validity for the pilot short measure was high (Spearman’s rho 0.706, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
We generated a pilot 2-item version of the Japanese CARE measure. This pilot 2-item version provides a basis for future validation studies of short CARE measures in other languages.
The need for earlier recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in primary care: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the experience of receiving a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood
Authors: Long Nichole , Coats Heather 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects individuals across the lifespan. ADHD causes dysfunction when left untreated. Individuals receiving a diagnosis in adulthood have a unique life experience because of their delayed diagnosis.

Objectives
To identify and methodically review qualitative studies that explored the experiences of receiving a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood, conduct an interpretive analysis of the identified studies, and produce a qualitative meta-synthesis to provide an understanding of these experiences.

Methods
Studies with adults diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood, focussed on experiences of receiving a delayed ADHD diagnosis, used qualitative methods, and were cited in PubMed, OVID, and ProQuest databases. Out of 251 studies identified, 7 met inclusion criteria.

Results
This qualitative meta-synthesis produced 2 main themes: ADHD as an identity and ADHD as a diagnosis, and 5 subthemes: identity before diagnosis, identity after diagnosis, the unnecessary struggle, the diagnosis as a revelation and a burden, and a functional life was finally possible.

Conclusion
Overall, this study showed that delayed diagnosis of ADHD causes suffering and dysfunction that could be mitigated through earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Interseismic deformation and strain-partitioning along the Main Köpetdag Fault, Turkmenistan, with Sentinel-1 InSAR time-series
Authors: Dodds N , Daout S , Walker R T , Begenjev G , Bezmenov Y , Mirzin R , Parsons B 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARY
The Main Köpetdag Fault (MKDF) is a predominantly right-lateral strike-slip fault that dissects the northern edge of the Köpetdag mountains of Turkmenistan and Iran. The fault represents the northernmost expression of deformation from the Arabia–Eurasia collision to the east of the Caspian Sea, and plays an important role facilitating the motion of the South Caspian Basin (SCB). Despite the kinematic significance of the MKDF, previous geodetic measurements of the slip-rate across the fault have been highly variable, with a recent geological slip-rate supporting evidence for rapid motion across the fault. To resolve this ambiguity, we derive Sentinel-1 InSAR time-series in both the ascending and descending LOS (line-of-sight) to measure interseismic motion across the MKDF. This implements a processing strategy for the correction and performance analysis of tropospheric models from GACOS (Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service), which suggests a 25–40 per cent underestimation in the amplitude of the tropospheric path delay in this region. Modelling the rate of fault-parallel motion across the MKDF and combining this with a geological slip-rate constrains 9 ± 2 mm yr–1 right-lateral motion, along with a shallow locking depth of ≈6 km. The LOS time-series resolves path delays of greater than 1 mm yr–1 in both LOS geometries to the north of the MKDF, aligned with mapped frontal thrust scarps to the north of the MKDF. Modelling this as uplift from deformation across these frontal thrusts estimates 4 ± 2 mm yr–1 of shortening across the fault system. This implies that convergence measured with GNSS within the East Caspian Lowlands is partitioned across frontal thrusts to the north of the MKDF. Revising an Iran–Eurasia–SCB velocity triangle suggests that motion along the conjugate MKDF and Shahroud fault zones is representative of the motion of the SCB, which is moving at 10 ± 2 mm yr–1 in a direction of 330° ± 10° relative to Eurasia.
Resolving the location of small intracontinental earthquakes using Open Access seismic and geodetic data: lessons from the 2017 January 18mb 4.3, Ténéré, Niger, earthquake
Authors: Craig Timothy J , Gibbons Steven J 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYA low-magnitude earthquake was recorded on 2017 January 18, in the Ténéré desert in northern Niger. This intraplate region is exceptionally sparsely covered with seismic stations and the closest open seismic station, G.TAM in Algeria at a distance of approximately 600 km, was unusually and unfortunately not operational at the time of the event. Body-wave magnitude estimates range from mb 4.2 to mb 4.7 and both seismic location and magnitude constraints are dominated by stations at teleseismic distances. The seismic constraints are strengthened considerably by array stations of the International Monitoring System for verifying compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban-Treaty. This event, with magnitude relevant to low-yield nuclear tests, provides a valuable validation of the detection and location procedure for small land-based seismic disturbances at significant distances. For seismologists not in the CTBT system, the event is problematic as data from many of the key stations are not openly available. We examine the uncertainty in published routinely determined epicentres by performing multiple Bayesloc location estimates with published arrival times considering both all published arrival times and those from open stations only. This location exercise confirms lateral uncertainties in seismologically derived location no smaller than 10 km. Coherence for interferometric synthetic aperture radar in this region is exceptionally high, and allows us to confidently detect a displacement of the order 6 mm in the time frame containing the earthquake, consistent with the seismic location estimates, and with a lateral length scale consistent with an earthquake of this size, allowing location constraint to within one rupture length (≤5 km)—significantly reducing the lateral uncertainty compared with relying on seismological data only. Combining Open Access-only seismological and geodetic data, we precisely constrain the source location, and conclude that this earthquake likely had a shallow source. We then discuss potential ways to continue the integration of geodetic data in the calibration of seismological earthquake location.
Monitoring creep along the Hayward Fault using structure-from-motion photogrammetry of offset curbs
Authors: Swiatlowski Jerlyn L , Funning Gareth J , Barth Nicolas C 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYWe present observations of sidewalk curbs that are offset by creep on the Hayward Fault in Fremont, CA. Using structure-from-motion photogrammetry techniques, we construct 3-D models from suites of 2-D photos taken from 2015 to 2018 at 20 sites along the fault. By aligning and comparing these models, we measure the 3-D displacements of each offset sidewalk through time at precisions of ∼0.5 mm yr−1. We find that on average individual offset curbs record &lt;40 per cent of the overall creep rate measured at nearby alignment arrays (which span a fault-perpendicular distance of 100 m or more). The ‘fault trace’ can more accurately be considered a zone of deformation, narrower than an alignment array width but wider than one curb length (∼3–5 m). Sites for which we have multiple time intervals to compare show interannual temporal variability in creep rate and direction. Our methods offer a new, complementary approach to cheaply and efficiently document creep-related deformation in an urban setting, one that may be particularly useful for tracking deformation of engineered materials and their cohesion to the subsurface. Given the use of readily available equipment (consumer-grade camera, GPS, ruler), ease of data collection and accessibility of urban field sites, we believe that this style of monitoring would lend itself particularly well to citizen science efforts.
The impact of caring for family members with mental illnesses on the caregiver: a scoping review
Authors: Phillips Rita , Durkin Mark , Engward Hilary , Cable Graham , Iancu Maria 
Published: April 2022

Summary
A large number of multidisciplinary, qualitative and quantitative research suggests that providing care for family members with mental health illnesses can have both positive and negative effects on the carers’ wellbeing. However, to date a comprehensive overview and synthesis of literature that compares and contrasts positive and negative effects of family-caregiving on the carer is missing. To address this gap, this scoping review examines the effects of family-caregiving on carers’ wellbeing. A Boolean search generated a total of 92 relevant articles that were included in the analysis. The results suggest that, to understand the effects of family-caregiving on the carer’s mental and physical wellbeing, it is necessary to take a combination of situational and sociodemographic characteristics into consideration. Elderly, female, spousal-carers and primary-carers may be a group that is at risk of suffering from a lack of positive mental and physical wellbeing as a result of caring. However, the negative effects of caregiving can be balanced by extraversion, social support and religious or spiritual beliefs. Therefore, future interventions that aim to promote family caregivers’ wellbeing may need to take personality, particular circumstances as well as cultural and personal beliefs into consideration.
High site-fidelity and low mortality of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in subarctic coastal habitat during their first winter
Authors: Geissinger Emilie A , Gregory Robert S , Laurel Benjamin J , Snelgrove Paul V R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In subarctic Newfoundland, age-0 juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) settle into coastal habitats in several summer and fall pulses, yielding a broad length-frequency distribution prior to their first winter. The first winter is often associated with physiological and metabolic stress and has been considered a critical survival period determining cohort strength. We evaluated size-structured overwinter mortality and movement using mark–recapture and condition metrics by marking 226 cod in two batches one week apart, in October 2016. We estimated fall and overwinter mortality, and documented movement of fish recaptured in May 2017 using Cormack–Jolly–Seber models. We recaptured 30 marked juveniles. High fall mortality characterized late settling cohorts relative to earlier settling cohorts (16.6%∙d−1 vs. 4.5–7.7% ∙d−1). Overwinter mortality was unexpectedly low (0.0052 and 0.0022% ∙d−1). Individual condition (Fulton’s K) of juvenile cod remained high throughout winter across all size groups. We expected higher mortality of juvenile cod and broad dispersal of juveniles over winter (32 weeks). In contrast, our results indicated low mortality and high site-fidelity in their first winter. This study indicates the period leading up to winter is important for survival, suggesting winter is not a survival bottleneck and may even provide a refuge compared to the rest of the year.
Prey-switching to fishery discards does not compensate for poor natural foraging conditions in breeding albatross
Authors: Kuepfer Amanda , Votier Stephen C , Sherley Richard B , Ventura Francesco , Matias Rafael , Anderson Orea , Brickle Paul , Arkhipkin Alexander , Catry Paulo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fishery discards supplement food for many seabirds, but the impacts of declining discards are poorly understood. Discards may be beneficial for some populations but have negative impacts by increasing bycatch risk or because they are junk-food. The Falkland Islands support &gt; 70% of global black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris populations, which feed on discards. However, the effect of discards on population demographics, and implications of fishery management changes, are unknown. We analysed stomach contents of black-browed albatross chicks across eight breeding seasons (2004–2020) from New Island, Falkland Islands, to assess variation in discard consumption and how this relates to foraging conditions and breeding success. Across years, 68%–98% of samples contained natural prey, whilst 23%–88% of samples contained fishery discards. Discard consumption was positively related to fishery catches of hoki Macruronus magellanicus and sea surface temperature anomalies SSTA (°C), and negatively related to breeding success. These results suggest a diet-switching behaviour for Falkland Islands albatrosses, whereby birds switch from preferred natural prey to suboptimal discards when environmental conditions, and hence natural feeding opportunities, are unfavourable. Crucially, this study highlights that fishery discards do not compensate for poor natural foraging conditions for breeding albatrosses in the long term.
Support for the hypothesis that growth of eastern Baltic cod is affected by mild hypoxia. A comment on Svedäng et al. (2022)
Authors: Brander Keith 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Stock biomass and size composition of eastern Baltic cod (EBC) has declined, with low recent stock productivity attributed to loss of major spawning areas, reduced growth rates, and possibly increased natural mortality. Svedäng et al. present valuable new data for evaluating the causes of these changes. However, contrary to their own conclusions, those new data actually provide both direct and indirect support for the hypothesis that the reduced growth rate observed may be due to a decline in ambient oxygen for small cod in the Bornholm Basin area (SD25). Their long time series of reproductive volume (RV) extends our knowledge of historic changes in the limits to spawning imposed by salinity and oxygen. However, the causes and consequences of such spawning area changes are well established. Therefore, this Comment only addresses the contentious debate about causes of decline in growth.
Taking feminism beyond the state: FIFA as a transnational battleground for feminist legal critique
Authors: Duval Antoine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) plays a fundamental role in defining and asserting the boundary between men and women in football. Its decisions condition the way the game is played, the way players and clubs contract, and the way the FIFA World Cup is organized and experienced by people around the world. FIFA’s private transnational governance regime is, at least hypothetically, as prone to gender bias and discrimination as states or international organizations. Nevertheless, feminist legal scholars have rarely directed their sights on transnational private regulators such as FIFA. This article suggests to take the feminist legal critique beyond its traditional battlegrounds and highlights FIFA as a transnational governance site deserving feminist scrutiny. While it does not advocate for the introduction of specific policies, it aims to provide a convincing justification and a helpful roadmap for future feminist engagements with FIFA.
The basins of attraction of the global minimizers of non-convex inverse problems with low-dimensional models in infinite dimension
Authors: Traonmilin Yann , Aujol Jean-François , Leclaire Arthur 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Non-convex methods for linear inverse problems with low-dimensional models have emerged as an alternative to convex techniques. We propose a theoretical framework where both finite dimensional and infinite dimensional linear inverse problems can be studied. We show how the size of the basins of attraction of the minimizers of such problems is linked with the number of available measurements. This framework recovers known results about low-rank matrix estimation and off-the-grid sparse spike estimation, and it provides new results for Gaussian mixture estimation from linear measurements.
Reliably Assessing Duration of Protection for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines
Authors: Lin Dan-Yu , Zeng Donglin , Gu Yu , Krause Philip R , Fleming Thomas R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Decision making about vaccination and boosting schedules for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hinges on reliable methods for evaluating the longevity of vaccine protection. We show that modeling of protection as a piecewise linear function of time since vaccination for the log hazard ratio of the vaccine effect provides more reliable estimates of vaccine effectiveness at the end of an observation period and also detects plateaus in protective effectiveness more reliably than the standard method of estimating a constant vaccine effect over each time period. This approach will be useful for analyzing data pertaining to COVID-19 vaccines and other vaccines for which rapid and reliable understanding of vaccine effectiveness over time is desired.
Susceptibility profiles and resistance genomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from European ICUs participating in the ASPIRE-ICU trial
Authors: Torrens Gabriel , van der Schalk Thomas Ewout , Cortes-Lara Sara , Timbermont Leen , del Barrio-Tofiño Ester , Xavier Basil Britto , Zamorano Laura , Lammens Christine , Ali Omar , Ruzin Alexey , Goossens Herman , Kumar-Singh Samir , Kluytmans Jan , Paling Fleur , MacLean R Craig , Köhler Thilo , López-Causapé Carla , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Oliver Antonio ,   the ASPIRE-ICU study team
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the susceptibility profiles and the resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from European ICUs during a prospective cohort study (ASPIRE-ICU).

Methods
723 isolates from respiratory samples or perianal swabs of 402 patients from 29 sites in 11 countries were studied. MICs of 12 antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution. Horizontally acquired β-lactamases were analysed through phenotypic and genetic assays. The first respiratory isolates from 105 patients providing such samples were analysed through WGS, including the analysis of the resistome and a previously defined genotypic resistance score. Spontaneous mutant frequencies and the genetic basis of hypermutation were assessed.

Results
All agents except colistin showed resistance rates above 20%, including ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam. 24.9% of the isolates were XDR, with a wide intercountry variation (0%–62.5%). 13.2% of the isolates were classified as DTR (difficult-to-treat resistance). 21.4% of the isolates produced ESBLs (mostly PER-1) or carbapenemases (mostly NDM-1, VIM-1/2 and GES-5). WGS showed that these determinants were linked to high-risk clones (particularly ST235 and ST654). WGS revealed a wide repertoire of mutation-driven resistance mechanisms, with multiple lineage-specific mutations. The most frequently mutated genes were gyrA, parC, oprD, mexZ, nalD and parS, but only two of the isolates were hypermutable. Finally, a good accuracy of the genotypic score to predict susceptibility (91%–100%) and resistance (94%–100%) was documented.

Conclusions
An overall high prevalence of resistance is documented European ICUs, but with a wide intercountry variability determined by the dissemination of XDR high-risk clones, arguing for the need to reinforce infection control measures.