bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do radio active galactic nuclei reflect X-ray binary spectral states?
Authors: Moravec Emily , Svoboda Jiří , Borkar Abhijeet , Boorman Peter , Kynoch Daniel , Panessa Francesca , Mingo Beatriz , Guainazzi Matteo 
Published: March 2022

Context.Over recent years there has been mounting evidence that accreting supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and stellar mass black holes have similar observational signatures: thermal emission from the accretion disk, X-ray coronas, and relativistic jets. Further, there have been investigations into whether or not AGNs have spectral states similar to those of X-ray binaries (XRBs) and what parallels can be drawn between the two using a hardness-intensity diagram (HID).Aims.To address whether AGN jets might be related to accretion states as in XRBs, we explore whether populations of radio AGNs classified according to their (a) radio jet morphology, Fanaroff-Riley classes I and II (FR I and II), (b) excitation class, high- and low-excitation radio galaxies (HERG and LERG), and (c) radio jet linear extent, compact to giant, occupy different and distinct regions of the AGN HID (total luminosity vs. hardness).Methods.We do this by cross-correlating 15 catalogs of radio galaxies with the desired characteristics from the literature withXMM-NewtonandSwiftX-ray and ultraviolet (UV) source catalogs. We calculate the luminosity and hardness from the X-ray and UV photometry, place the sources on the AGN HID, and search for separation of populations and analogies with the XRB spectral state HID.Results.We find that (a) FR Is and IIs, (b) HERGs and LERGs, and (c) FR I-LERGs and FR II-HERGs occupy distinct areas of the HID at a statistically significant level (p-value < 0.05), and we find no clear evidence for population distinction between the different radio jet linear extents. The separation between FR I-LERG and FR II-HERG populations is the strongest in this work.Conclusions.Our results indicate that radio-loud AGNs occupy distinct areas of the HID depending on the morphology and excitation class, showing strong similarities to XRBs.
Bacteria and other microorganisms.
Authors: Pinhey Sally , Tebbs Margaret 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This chapter discusses bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms which are present in soil. These organisms keep soil alive with a variety of activities, maintaining the balance of life on Earth by fixing nitrogen, breaking down organic matter and preparing it for plant uptake. Their role in symbiosis with plants, recycling of nutrients in soil, etc. are discussed in detail.
The role of fungi.
Authors: Pinhey Sally , Tebbs Margaret 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the role of fungi. Fungi are a vital part of the mixture of microorganisms found in healthy soil. Fungal associations between plant roots and beneficial fungi are known as mycorrhizae (meaning 'fungus' and 'root'), and form a beneficial or symbiotic relationship with plants growing in the soil. Mycorrhizal fungi also facilitate plant interactions with other soil microbes. These include pathogens, and bacteria that produce vitamins and protect against attack. The most common of the mycorrhizae are divided into the following: (1) ectomycorrhizae; (2) endomycorrhizae; (3) arbuscular mycorrhizae; (4) ericoid mycorrhizae; and (5) orchid mycorrhiza. The role of saprophytes, pathogens and actinomycetes are also discussed.
Identifying health-system pharmacy operational process categories and corresponding tasks across a diverse health system using a modified Delphi process
Authors: Zeeman Jacqueline M , Petersen Autumn E , Colmenares Evan W , Schenkat Daniel H , Vest Mary-Haston 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify and build consensus on operational tasks that occur within a health-system pharmacy.MethodsAn expert panel of 8 individuals was invited to participate in a 3-round modified Delphi process. In the first round, the expert panel independently reviewed an initial list and provided feedback. All feedback was incorporated into the second round and then reviewed and discussed as a group. The expert panel reviewed an updated list based on feedback from the second round and reached consensus on a final list of operational processes and corresponding tasks.ResultsAll 8 participants agreed to serve on the Delphi expert panel and reviewed an initial list of 9 process categories (hazardous intravenous [IV] medications, nonhazardous IV medications, hazardous oral medications, nonhazardous oral medications, controlled substances, total parenteral nutrition [TPN]/fluid preparations, distribution and delivery, clinical tasks, and miscellaneous operational tasks) and 44 corresponding tasks. Through the Delphi process, 72 new tasks were identified in the first round, while 34 new tasks were identified in the second round. In the third and final round, the expert panel reviewed the updated list of 9 process categories and 150 corresponding tasks, made additional edits, and reached consensus on a final list of 9 processes and 138 corresponding tasks that represented operational work within a health-system pharmacy.ConclusionThe modified Delphi process effectively identified operational processes and corresponding tasks occurring within hospital pharmacies in a diverse health system. This process facilitated consensus building, and the findings may inform development of an operational workload model.
SomaticSiMu: a mutational signature simulator
Authors: Chen David , Randhawa Gurjit S , Soltysiak Maximillian P M , de Souza Camila P E , Kari Lila , Singh Shiva M , Hill Kathleen A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSummarySomaticSiMu is an in silico simulator of single and double base substitutions, and single base insertions and deletions in an input genomic sequence to mimic mutational signatures. SomaticSiMu outputs simulated DNA sequences and mutational catalogues with imposed mutational signatures. The tool is the first mutational signature simulator featuring a graphical user interface, control of mutation rates and built-in visualization tools of the simulated mutations. Simulated datasets are useful as a ground truth to test the accuracy and sensitivity of DNA sequence classification tools and mutational signature extraction tools under different experimental scenarios. The reliability of SomaticSiMu was affirmed by (i) supervised machine learning classification of simulated sequences with different mutation types and burdens, and (ii) mutational signature extraction from simulated mutational catalogues.Availability and implementationSomaticSiMu is written in Python 3.8.3. The open-source code, documentation and tutorials are available at https://github.com/HillLab/SomaticSiMu under the terms of the CreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Where Is Garlic Mustard? Understanding the Ecological Context for Invasions of Alliaria petiolata
Authors: Rodgers Vikki L , Scanga Sara E , Kolozsvary Mary Beth , Garneau Danielle E , Kilgore Jason S , Anderson Laurel J , Hopfensperger Kristine N , Aguilera Anna G , Urban Rebecca A , Juneau Kevyn J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) has spread throughout forest understory and edge communities in much of North America, but its persistence, density, and impacts have varied across sites and time. Surveying the literature since 2008, we evaluated both previously proposed and new mechanisms for garlic mustard's invasion success and note how they interact and vary across ecological contexts. We analyzed how and where garlic mustard has been studied and found a lack of multisite and longitudinal studies, as well as regions that may be under- or overstudied, leading to poor representation for understanding and predicting future invasion dynamics. Inconsistencies in how sampling units are scaled and defined can also hamper our understanding of invasive species. We present new conceptual models for garlic mustard invasion from a macrosystems perspective, emphasizing the importance of synergies and feedbacks among mechanisms across spatial and temporal scales to produce variable ecological contexts.
‘If I’m not real, I’m Not Having an Impact’: Relationality and Vicarious Resistance in Complex Trauma Care
Authors: Woodlock Delanie , Salter Michael , Conroy Elizabeth , Burke Jackie , Dragiewicz Molly 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is growing commitment to trauma-informed practice and increased recognition of risks associated with this work. However, the benefits of working with trauma-affected clients are under-studied. Drawing on interviews with sixty-three welfare, health and legal professionals in Australia, we consider the salutogenic dynamics of work with women with experiences of complex trauma. Participants articulated an ethics of care in which professionals ally with clients against abuse and violence as well as transactional neoliberal service models. We identify this approach to trauma work as a form of vicarious resistance that challenges dichotomies of vicarious trauma and resilience.
Tackling organ donation among minority ethnic communities in the UK—a whole systems approach
Authors: Randhawa Gurch , Gardiner Dale 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
There are inequalities experienced by minority ethnic groups in the UK in organ donation and transplant services, with significant variation in relation to demand for, access to and waiting times for these services.

Sources of data
A narrative review of research obtained via several databases, including PubMed and Medline, was conducted.

Areas of agreement
A vision of equity and inclusion, which meets the need of the heterogeneous UK population, can only be realized by adopting a culturally competent approach to systems-wide working in organ donation in four core areas—transplant services; workforce and staff training; diversity and inclusion research; and public engagement.

Areas of controversy
Most of the data on the background of organ donors and recipients use general categories such as Asian or Black. We need to progress to a position of more granular data by more specific ethnicity so that we can better understand the trends and target action accordingly.

Growing points
By positively embracing the heterogeneity of the UK population, demand for transplantation can be reduced through a sustained commitment to public health interventions and culturally competent approaches in the management of long-term conditions.

Areas timely for developing research
Improved access to transplantation and reduced waiting times can be achieved to increase the number of organ donors from minority ethnic groups if there are concerted and adequately resourced culturally competent interventions with concomitant evaluation programmes.
Benchmark assessment of performance indices of a selection of hybrid nanofluids in a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system
Authors: Amoo O M , Fagbenle R O , Oyewola M O 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research is a study assessing the performance of hybrid nanofluids in hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–thermal systems. This study addresses 10 hybrid nanofluids applied to hybrid PV–thermal systems. The transition to carbon-free energy can mitigate the worst effects of climate change, ensuring that global sustainability is addressed. Clean energy is now responsible for one-third of the global capacity, of which 20% is attributed to solar energy. Renewables continue to be economically viable, with declining costs driving growth. This study aims to compare the yearly performances of a model hybrid PV–thermal system using 10 different hybrid nanofluids. Hybrid nanofluids constitute two or more dissimilar materials stably suspended in a base fluid (e.g. water). MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics® computational fluid dynamics software are employed together for the benchmarking assessment with good agreement observed. Various fluid inlet temperatures (Tin ∈ [300, 360] K), nanofluid volume concentrations (φ ∈ [0, 4]%) and storage-tank volumes (V ∈ [50, 300] L) were simulated. The meteorological data applied were those for Lagos, Nigeria (6° 27’ 55.5192” N, 3° 24’ 23.2128” E). The assessment based on analytical-numerical solutions reveals that the thermal enhancement by hybrid nanofluids ranges from 6.7% (graphene oxide [GO]—multiwalled carbon nanotube [MWCNT]/water) to 7% (ZnO—Mn–ZnFe2O4/water) for φ = 2% and V = 300 L. The yearly exergy efficiency ranges from 2.8% (ZnO—Mn–ZnFe2O4/water) to 2.9% (GO—MWCNT/water), also for φ = 2% and V = 300 L. These findings have implications for a vast range of industrial processes, expanding the knowledge that is critical to a sustainable future.
A combined solar PV-thermal system that stores thermal energy using nanofluids is modelled. Hybrid nanofluids (two or more dissimilar materials stably suspended in a base fluid) are shown to enhance the annual electrical, thermal and exergetic outputs of the system.
Short-term wind power prediction using an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm with back-propagation neural network
Authors: Wei Liming , Xv Shuo , Li Bin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A short-term wind power prediction method is proposed in this paper with experimental results obtained from a wind farm located in Northeast China. In order to improve the accuracy of the prediction method using a traditional back-propagation (BP) neural network algorithm, the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm has been adopted to optimize its parameters. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by experiments. First, the features of the wind farm are described to show the fundamental information of the experiments. A single turbine with rated power of 1500 kW and power generation coefficient of 2.74 in the wind farm was introduced to show the technical details of the turbines. Original wind power data of the whole farm were preprocessed by using the quartile method to remove the abnormal data points. Then, the retained wind power data were predicted and analysed by using the proposed IGWO–BP algorithm. Analysis of the results proves the practicability and efficiency of the prediction model. Results show that the average accuracy of prediction is ~11% greater than the traditional BP method. In this way, the proposed wind power prediction method can be adopted to improve the accuracy of prediction and to ensure the effective utilization of wind energy.
A short-term wind power prediction method is designed and tested with experimental results obtained from a wind farm located in Northeast China. In order to improve the accuracy of the prediction method, the improved grey wolf optimization algorithm has been adopted to optimize its parameters.
Sapap4deficiency leads to postsynaptic defects and abnormal behaviors relevant to hyperkinetic neuropsychiatric disorder in mice
Authors: Wang Tianhua , Bai Yunxia , Zheng Xianjie , Liu Xinxia , Xing Shuang , Wang Linbin , Wang Huimin , Feng Guoping , Li Chunxia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPostsynaptic proteins play critical roles in synaptic development, function, and plasticity. Dysfunction of postsynaptic proteins is strongly linked to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. SAP90/PSD95-associated protein 4 (SAPAP4; also known as DLGAP4) is a key component of the PSD95–SAPAP–SHANK excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding complex, which plays important roles at synapses. However, the exact function of the SAPAP4 protein in the brain is poorly understood. Here, we report that Sapap4 knockout (KO) mice have reduced spine density in the prefrontal cortex and abnormal compositions of key postsynaptic proteins in the postsynaptic density (PSD) including reduced PSD95, GluR1, and GluR2 as well as increased SHANK3. These synaptic defects are accompanied by a cluster of abnormal behaviors including hyperactivity, impulsivity, reduced despair/depression-like behavior, hypersensitivity to low dose of amphetamine, memory deficits, and decreased prepulse inhibition, which are reminiscent of mania. Furthermore, the hyperactivity of Sapap4 KO mice could be partially rescued by valproate, a mood stabilizer used for mania treatment in humans. Together, our findings provide evidence that SAPAP4 plays an important role at synapses and reinforce the view that dysfunction of the postsynaptic scaffolding protein SAPAP4 may contribute to the pathogenesis of hyperkinetic neuropsychiatric disorder.
Pain Is Widespread and Predicts Poor Mental Health Among Older Adults in Rural Malawi
Authors: Kohler Iliana V , Ciancio Alberto , Kämpfen Fabrice , Kohler Hans-Peter , Mwapasa Victor , Chilima Benson , Vinkhumbo Steve , Mwera James , Maurer Jürgen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Pain is common among older persons and has been documented as an important predictor of disability, health, and economic outcomes. Evidence about its prevalence and relationship to well-being is scarce in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where work is frequently physically demanding, and pain prevention or treatment options are limited. We investigate the prevalence of pain and its association with mental health and subjective well-being in a population-based study of older adults in rural Malawi.

Research Design and Methods
We estimate the prevalence, severity, and duration of pain along with its sociodemographic distribution in a sample of 1,577 individuals aged 45 and older. We assess the association of pain with clinically validated measures of mental health, including depression and anxiety, and subjective well-being.

Results
Pain is widespread in this mature population with an average age of 60 years: 62% of respondents report the experience of at least minor pain during the last year, and half of these cases report severe or disabling pain. Women are more likely to report pain than men. Pain is a strong predictor of mental health and subjective well-being for both genders. More severe or longer pain episodes are associated with worse mental states. Individuals reporting pain are more likely to suffer from depression or express suicidal thoughts.

Discussion and Implications
Our study identifies key subpopulations such as older women in a SSA low-income context who are particularly affected by the experience of pain in daily life and calls for interventions targeting pain and its consequences for mental health and subjective well-being.
Structural characterization of human milk oligosaccharides using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–helium charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry
Authors: Mendis Praneeth M , Jackson Glen P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The combination of helium charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry (He–CTD–MS) with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is presented for the analysis of a complex mixture of acidic and neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The research focuses on the identification of the monosaccharide sequence, the branching patterns, the sialylation/fucosylation arrangements, and the differentiation of isomeric oligosaccharides in the mixture. Initial studies first optimized the conditions for the UHPLC separation and the He–CTD–MS conditions. Results demonstrate that He–CTD is compatible with UHPLC timescales and provides unambiguous glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages from both the reducing and the nonreducing ends, which is not typically possible using collision-induced dissociation. He–CTD produces informative fragments, including 0,3An and 0,4An ions, which have been observed with electron transfer dissociation, electron detachment dissociation, and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and are crucial for differentiating the α-2,3- versus α-2,6-linked sialic acid (Neu5Ac) residues present among sialyllacto-N-tetraose HMOs. In addition to the linkage positions, He–CTD is able to differentiate structural isomers for both sialyllacto-N-tetraoses and lacto-N-fucopentaoses structures by providing unique, unambiguous cross-ring cleavages of types 0,2An, 0,2Xn, and 1,5An while preserving most of the labile Neu5Ac and fucose groups.
Assessing the Cost-Utility of Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Adults
Authors: Hall Eric W , Weng Mark K , Harris Aaron M , Schillie Sarah , Nelson Noele P , Ortega-Sanchez Ismael R , Rosenthal Elizabeth , Sullivan Patrick S , Lopman Ben , Jones Jeb , Bradley Heather , Rosenberg Eli S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Although effective against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination is only recommended for infants, children, and adults at higher risk. We conducted an economic evaluation of universal HepB vaccination among US adults.

Methods
Using a decision analytic model with Markov disease progression, we compared current vaccination recommendations (baseline) with either 3-dose or 2-dose universal HepB vaccination (intervention strategies). In simulated modeling of 1 million adults distributed by age and risk groups, we quantified health benefits (quality-adjusted life years, QALYs) and costs for each strategy. Multivariable probabilistic sensitivity analyses identified key inputs. All costs reported in 2019 US dollars.

Results
With incremental base-case vaccination coverage up to 50% among persons at lower risk and 0% increment among persons at higher risk, each of 2 intervention strategies averted nearly one-quarter of acute HBV infections (3-dose strategy, 24.8%; 2-dose strategy, 24.6%). Societal incremental cost per QALY gained of $152 722 (interquartile range, $119 113–$235 086) and $155 429 (interquartile range, $120 302–$242 226) were estimated for 3-dose and 2-dose strategies, respectively. Risk of acute HBV infection showed the strongest influence.

Conclusions
Universal adult vaccination against HBV may be an appropriate strategy for reducing HBV incidence and improving resulting health outcomes.
Telithromycin resistance in Campylobacter mediated by 23S rRNA A2075G mutation and erm(B)
Authors: Liu Peng , Qin Xiaoxia , Cao Tingting , Yang Yuying , Shi Xiaomin , Liu Dejun , Wang Yang , Shen Zhangqi , Wang Shaolin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Recently, epidemiological research has shown an unusually high prevalence of telithromycin-resistant Campylobacter. This study was designed to investigate the potential resistance mechanism of telithromycin resistance in Campylobacter.

Methods
A total of 122 Campylobacter isolates of chicken origin collected in 2019 from three regions of China were tested for susceptibility to telithromycin. The potential mechanism of resistance to telithromycin in Campylobacter was revealed through WGS analysis and natural transformation.

Results
In this study, 51.3% (61/119) of Campylobacter coli and 100.0% (3/3) of Campylobacter jejuni were resistant to telithromycin. erm(B) or A2075G mutation in 23S rRNA (23S_A2075G) was identified in the telithromycin-resistant C. coli. Cloning of the erm(B) or 23S_A2075G into C. jejuni NCTC 11168 resulted in a 256-fold increase in the MIC of telithromycin. MLST results indicated that various STs were involved in the dissemination of 23S_A2075G and erm(B). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the C. coli isolates with 23S_A2075G and erm(B) from chickens and humans were closely related.

Conclusions
23S_A2075G and erm(B), which have been widely spread in different genotypes of C. coli isolated from animals and humans, could mediate high levels of resistance to telithromycin in C. coli. C. coli containing 23S_A2075G or erm(B) are clonally related and have the potential to spread zoonotic diseases.