bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summertime Transport Pathways and Dynamics From Northern India and Tibetan Plateau to the Lower Stratosphere: Insights From Idealized Tracer Experiments
Authors: Wu Yutian , Zheng Cheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe use the idealized tracer experiments and investigate the summertime transport from the surface region of northern India and Tibetan Plateau to the lower stratosphere. It is found that the transport, compared to other surrounding regions, has an overall younger modal age in the northern lower stratosphere away from the tropopause. Analysis of the tracer budget reveals that the tracer is transported to the tropical lower stratosphere rapidly in the first 5 days due to vertical eddy transport and afterward in a month or two advection associated with the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Meanwhile the tracer is also transported to the northern extratropical lower stratosphere in the first 3 months due to horizontal eddy mixing. The results highlight the uniqueness of the northern India region in the summertime transport to the lower stratosphere and implications for the transport of short‐lived chemical species in the destruction of stratospheric ozone.
Identifying Contributors to PM2.5 Simulation Biases of Chemical Transport Model Using Fully Connected Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Xing Jia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccurate prediction of ambient PM2.5 concentrations using air quality models can provide governments with information for public health alerts. However, due to large uncertainties of input parameters and over‐simplification of the chemical mechanism, the model simulations tend to have a certain deviation from the observations. To provide an insight into the discrepancy and to explain the contributors to the model bias, we propose here a machine learning based method to identify the contributors to PM2.5 simulation biases. A fully connected deep neural network (noted as FCNN) was designed to correct the PM2.5 biases between the simulations from a common air quality model (i.e., Community Multiscale Air Quality, CMAQ) and observations with meteorological and pollutants variables. The FCNN was applied in two polluted regions in China including Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in 2015, exhibiting excellent performance in reducing the root mean square error of annual PM2.5 by 46.6% and 37.2%, respectively. The relative contribution of each input feature for the bias correction was also estimated from the FCNN. Results suggest that the temperature and humidity exhibit the greatest contribution to the PM2.5 simulation bias among all meteorological factors, probably due to their high association with the physical and chemical reaction conditions. NO2 and SO2 concentrations and associated biases were also found to be crucial to CMAQ model accuracy, implying the importance of NO2‐ and SO2‐related reaction for PM2.5 formation. The study also revealed a cumulative effect of pollution and an enhancement effect of atmospheric oxidation on the formation of heavy pollution.
Microwave-to-optical conversion with a gallium phosphide photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Hönl Simon , Popoff Youri , Caimi Daniele , Beccari Alberto , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Seidler Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrically actuated optomechanical resonators provide a route to quantum-coherent, bidirectional conversion of microwave and optical photons. Such devices could enable optical interconnection of quantum computers based on qubits operating at microwave frequencies. Here we present a platform for microwave-to-optical conversion comprising a photonic crystal cavity made of single-crystal, piezoelectric gallium phosphide integrated on pre-fabricated niobium circuits on an intrinsic silicon substrate. The devices exploit spatially extended, sideband-resolved mechanical breathing modes at ~3.2 GHz, with vacuum optomechanical coupling rates of up to g0/2π ≈ 300 kHz. The mechanical modes are driven by integrated microwave electrodes via the inverse piezoelectric effect. We estimate that the system could achieve an electromechanical coupling rate to a superconducting transmon qubit of ~200 kHz. Our work represents a decisive step towards integration of piezoelectro-optomechanical interfaces with superconducting quantum processors.
Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk contributes to the rebound weight gain after calorie restriction in mice
Authors: Li Mengci , Wang Shouli , Li Yitao , Zhao Mingliang , Kuang Junliang , Liang Dandan , Wang Jieyi , Wei Meilin , Rajani Cynthia , Ma Xinran , Tang Yajun , Ren Zhenxing , Chen Tianlu , Zhao Aihua , Hu Cheng , Shen Chengxing , Jia Weiping , Liu Ping , Zheng Xiaojiao , Jia Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR) and fasting are common approaches to weight reduction, but the maintenance is difficult after resuming food consumption. Meanwhile, the gut microbiome associated with energy harvest alters dramatically in response to nutrient deprivation. Here, we reported that CR and high-fat diet (HFD) both remodeled the gut microbiota with similar microbial composition, Parabacteroides distasonis was most significantly decreased after CR or HFD. CR altered microbiota and reprogramed metabolism, resulting in a distinct serum bile acid profile characterized by depleting the proportion of non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Downregulation of UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue and decreased serum GLP-1 were observed in the weight-rebound mice. Moreover, treatment with Parabacteroides distasonis or non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids ameliorated weight regain via increased thermogenesis. Our results highlighted the gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk in rebound weight gain and Parabacteroides distasonis as a potential probiotic to prevent rapid post-CR weight gain.
Jet stream position explains regional anomalies in European beech forest productivity and tree growth
Authors: Dorado-Liñán Isabel , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Babst Flurin , Xu Guobao , Gil Luis , Battipaglia Giovanna , Buras Allan , Čada Vojtěch , Camarero J. Julio , Cavin Liam , Claessens Hugues , Drobyshev Igor , Garamszegi Balázs , Grabner Michael , Hacket-Pain Andrew , Hartl Claudia , Hevia Andrea , Janda Pavel , Jump Alistair S. , Kazimirovic Marko , Keren Srdjan , Kreyling Juergen , Land Alexander , Latte Nicolas , Levanič Tom , van der Maaten Ernst , van der Maaten-Theunissen Marieke , Martínez-Sancho Elisabet , Menzel Annette , Mikoláš Martin , Motta Renzo , Muffler Lena , Nola Paola , Panayotov Momchil , Petritan Any Mary , Petritan Ion Catalin , Popa Ionel , Prislan Peter , Roibu Catalin-Constantin , Rydval Miloš , Sánchez-Salguero Raul , Scharnweber Tobias , Stajić Branko , Svoboda Miroslav , Tegel Willy , Teodosiu Marius , Toromani Elvin , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Turcu Daniel-Ond , Weigel Robert , Wilmking Martin , Zang Christian , Zlatanov Tzvetan , Trouet Valerie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe mechanistic pathways connecting ocean-atmosphere variability and terrestrial productivity are well-established theoretically, but remain challenging to quantify empirically. Such quantification will greatly improve the assessment and prediction of changes in terrestrial carbon sequestration in response to dynamically induced climatic extremes. The jet stream latitude (JSL) over the North Atlantic-European domain provides a synthetic and robust physical framework that integrates climate variability not accounted for by atmospheric circulation patterns alone. Surface climate impacts of north-south summer JSL displacements are not uniform across Europe, but rather create a northwestern-southeastern dipole in forest productivity and radial-growth anomalies. Summer JSL variability over the eastern North Atlantic-European domain (5-40E) exerts the strongest impact on European beech, inducing anomalies of up to 30% in modelled gross primary productivity and 50% in radial tree growth. The net effects of JSL movements on terrestrial carbon fluxes depend on forest density, carbon stocks, and productivity imbalances across biogeographic regions.
Electrifying passenger road transport in India requires near-term electricity grid decarbonisation
Authors: Abdul-Manan Amir F. N. , Gordillo Zavaleta Victor , Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Kalghatgi Gautam , Amer Amer A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBattery-electric vehicles (BEV) have emerged as a favoured technology solution to mitigate transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in many non-Annex 1 countries, including India. GHG mitigation potentials of electric 4-wheelers in India depend critically on when and where they are charged: 40% reduction in the north-eastern states and more than 15% increase in the eastern/western regions today, with higher overall GHGs emitted when charged overnight and in the summer. Self-charging gasoline-electric hybrids can lead to 33% GHG reductions, though they haven’t been fully considered a mitigation option in India. Electric 2-wheelers can already enable a 20% reduction in GHG emissions given their small battery size and superior efficiency. India’s electrification plan demands up to 125GWh of annual battery capacities by 2030, nearly 10% of projected worldwide productions. India requires a phased electrification with a near-term focus on 2-wheelers and a clear trajectory to phase-out coal-power for an organised mobility transition.
AKT mutant allele-specific activation dictates pharmacologic sensitivities
Authors: Shrestha Bhattarai Tripti , Shamu Tambudzai , Gorelick Alexander N. , Chang Matthew T. , Chakravarty Debyani , Gavrila Elena I. , Donoghue Mark T. A. , Gao JianJong , Patel Swati , Gao Sizhi Paul , Reynolds Margaret H. , Phillips Sarah M. , Soumerai Tara , Abida Wassim , Hyman David M. , Schram Alison M. , Solit David B. , Smyth Lillian M. , Taylor Barry S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAKT- a key molecular regulator of PI-3K signaling pathway, is somatically mutated in diverse solid cancer types, and aberrant AKT activation promotes altered cancer cell growth, survival, and metabolism1–8. The most common of AKT mutations (AKT1 E17K) sensitizes affected solid tumors to AKT inhibitor therapy7,8. However, the pathway dependence and inhibitor sensitivity of the long tail of potentially activating mutations in AKT is poorly understood, limiting our ability to act clinically in prospectively characterized cancer patients. Here we show, through population-scale driver mutation discovery combined with functional, biological, and therapeutic studies that some but not all missense mutations activate downstream AKT effector pathways in a growth factor-independent manner and sensitize tumor cells to diverse AKT inhibitors. A distinct class of small in-frame duplications paralogous across AKT isoforms induce structural changes different than those of activating missense mutations, leading to a greater degree of membrane affinity, AKT activation, and cell proliferation as well as pathway dependence and hyper-sensitivity to ATP-competitive, but not allosteric AKT inhibitors. Assessing these mutations clinically, we conducted a phase II clinical trial testing the AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) in patients with solid tumors harboring AKT alterations (NCT03310541). Twelve patients were enrolled, out of which six harbored AKT1-3 non-E17K mutations. The median progression free survival (PFS) of capivasertib therapy was 84 days (95% CI 50-not reached) with an objective response rate of 25% (n = 3 of 12) and clinical benefit rate of 42% (n = 5 of 12). Collectively, our data indicate that the degree and mechanism of activation of oncogenic AKT mutants vary, thereby dictating allele-specific pharmacological sensitivities to AKT inhibition.
Spontaneous variability in gamma dynamics described by a damped harmonic oscillator driven by noise
Authors: Spyropoulos Georgios , Saponati Matteo , Dowdall Jarrod Robert , Schölvinck Marieke Louise , Bosman Conrado Arturo , Lima Bruss , Peter Alina , Onorato Irene , Klon-Lipok Johanna , Roese Rasmus , Neuenschwander Sergio , Fries Pascal , Vinck Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCircuits of excitatory and inhibitory neurons generate gamma-rhythmic activity (30–80 Hz). Gamma-cycles show spontaneous variability in amplitude and duration. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this variability, we recorded local-field-potentials (LFPs) and spikes from awake macaque V1. We developed a noise-robust method to detect gamma-cycle amplitudes and durations, which showed a weak but positive correlation. This correlation, and the joint amplitude-duration distribution, is well reproduced by a noise-driven damped harmonic oscillator. This model accurately fits LFP power-spectra, is equivalent to a linear, noise-driven E-I circuit, and recapitulates two additional features of gamma: (1) Amplitude-duration correlations decrease with oscillation strength; (2) amplitudes and durations exhibit strong and weak autocorrelations, respectively, depending on oscillation strength. Finally, longer gamma-cycles are associated with stronger spike-synchrony, but lower spike-rates in both (putative) excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In sum, V1 gamma-dynamics are well described by the simplest possible model of gamma: A damped harmonic oscillator driven by noise.
Bioorthogonal in situ assembly of nanomedicines as drug depots for extracellular drug delivery
Authors: Cao Ziyang , Li Dongdong , Zhao Liang , Liu Mengting , Ma Pengyue , Luo Yingli , Yang Xianzhu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping precise nanomedicines to improve the transport of anticancer drugs into tumor tissue and to the final action site remains a critical challenge. Here, we present a bioorthogonal in situ assembly strategy for prolonged retention of nanomedicines within tumor areas to act as drug depots. After extravasating into the tumor site, the slightly acidic microenvironment induces the exposure of cysteine on the nanoparticle surface, which subsequently undergoes a bioorthogonal reaction with the 2-cyanobenzothiazole group of another neighboring nanoparticle, enabling the formation of micro-sized drug depots to enhance drug retention and enrichment. This in situ nanoparticle assembly strategy remarkably improves the antimetastatic efficacy of extracellular-targeted drug batimastat, and also leads to the simultaneous enhanced retention and sustained release of multiple agents for combined cocktail chemoimmunotherapy to finally elicit a potent antitumor immune response. Such in situ assembly of nanomedicines represents a generalizable strategy towards extracellular drug delivery and cocktail chemoimmunotherapy.
Active and conductive layer stacked superlattices for highly selective CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Duan Junyuan , Liu Tianyang , Zhao Yinghe , Yang Ruoou , Zhao Yang , Wang Wenbin , Liu Youwen , Li Huiqiao , Li Yafei , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal oxides are archetypal CO2 reduction reaction electrocatalysts, yet inevitable self-reduction will enhance competitive hydrogen evolution and lower the CO2 electroreduction selectivity. Herein, we propose a tangible superlattice model of alternating metal oxides and selenide sublayers in which electrons are rapidly exported through the conductive metal selenide layer to protect the active oxide layer from self-reduction. Taking BiCuSeO superlattices as a proof-of-concept, a comprehensive characterization reveals that the active [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers retain oxidation states rather than their self-reduced Bi metal during CO2 electroreduction because of the rapid electron transfer through the conductive [Cu2Se2]2- sublayer. Theoretical calculations uncover the high activity over [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers due to the overlaps between the Bi p orbitals and O p orbitals in the OCHO* intermediate, thus achieving over 90% formate selectivity in a wide potential range from −0.4 to −1.1 V. This work broadens the studying and improving of the CO2 electroreduction properties of metal oxide systems.
Engineering a local acid-like environment in alkaline medium for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Tan Hao , Tang Bing , Lu Ying , Ji Qianqian , Lv Liyang , Duan Hengli , Li Na , Wang Yao , Feng Sihua , Li Zhi , Wang Chao , Hu Fengchun , Sun Zhihu , Yan Wensheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTuning the local reaction environment is an important and challenging issue for determining electrochemical performances. Herein, we propose a strategy of intentionally engineering the local reaction environment to yield highly active catalysts. Taking Ptδ− nanoparticles supported on oxygen vacancy enriched MgO nanosheets as a prototypical example, we have successfully created a local acid-like environment in the alkaline medium and achieve excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performances. The local acid-like environment is evidenced by operando Raman, synchrotron radiation infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopy that observes a key H3O+ intermediate emergence on the surface of MgO and accumulation around Ptδ− sites during electrocatalysis. Further analysis confirms that the critical factors of the forming the local acid-like environment include: the oxygen vacancy enriched MgO facilitates H2O dissociation to generate H3O+ species; the F centers of MgO transfers its unpaired electrons to Pt, leading to the formation of electron-enriched Ptδ− species; positively charged H3O+ migrates to negatively charged Ptδ− and accumulates around Ptδ− nanoparticles due to the electrostatic attraction, thus creating a local acidic environment in the alkaline medium.
Controllable photomechanical bending of metal-organic rotaxane crystals facilitated by regioselective confined-space photodimerization
Authors: Geng Jun-shan , Mei Lei , Liang Yuan-yuan , Yuan Li-yong , Yu Ji-pan , Hu Kong-qiu , Yuan Li-hua , Feng Wen , Chai Zhi-fang , Shi Wei-qun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecular machines based on mechanically-interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as (pseudo) rotaxanes or catenates are known for their molecular-level dynamics, but promoting macro-mechanical response of these molecular machines or related materials is still challenging. Herein, by employing macrocyclic cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-based pseudorotaxane with a pair of styrene-derived photoactive guest molecules as linking structs of uranyl node, we describe a metal-organic rotaxane compound, U-CB[8]-MPyVB, that is capable of delivering controllable macroscopic mechanical responses. Under light irradiation, the ladder-shape structural unit of metal-organic rotaxane chain in U-CB[8]-MPyVB undergoes a regioselective solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization, and facilitates a photo-triggered single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) transformation, which even induces macroscopic photomechanical bending of individual rod-like bulk crystals. The fabrication of rotaxane-based crystalline materials with both photoresponsive microscopic and macroscopic dynamic behaviors in solid state can be promising photoactuator devices, and will have implications in emerging fields such as optomechanical microdevices and smart microrobotics.
Microridge-like structures anchor motile cilia
Authors: Yasunaga Takayuki , Wiegel Johannes , Bergen Max D. , Helmstädter Martin , Epting Daniel , Paolini Andrea , Çiçek Özgün , Radziwill Gerald , Engel Christina , Brox Thomas , Ronneberger Olaf , Walentek Peter , Ulbrich Maximilian H. , Walz Gerd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral tissues contain cells with multiple motile cilia that generate a fluid or particle flow to support development and organ functions; defective motility causes human disease. Developmental cues orient motile cilia, but how cilia are locked into their final position to maintain a directional flow is not understood. Here we find that the actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic during early development of multiciliated cells (MCCs). While apical actin bundles become increasingly more static, subapical actin filaments are nucleated from the distal tip of ciliary rootlets. Anchorage of these subapical actin filaments requires the presence of microridge-like structures formed during MCC development, and the activity of Nonmuscle Myosin II. Optogenetic manipulation of Ezrin, a core component of the microridge actin-anchoring complex, or inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Kinase interfere with rootlet anchorage and orientation. These observations identify microridge-like structures as an essential component of basal body rootlet anchoring in MCCs.
Pyridine nucleotide redox potential in coronary smooth muscle couples myocardial blood flow to cardiac metabolism
Authors: Dwenger Marc M. , Raph Sean M. , Reyzer Michelle L. , Lisa Manier M. , Riggs Daniel W. , Wohl Zachary B. , Ohanyan Vahagn , Mack, Gregory , Pucci Thomas , Moore Joseph B. , Hill Bradford G. , Chilian William M. , Caprioli Richard M. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Nystoriak Matthew A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdequate oxygen delivery to the heart during stress is essential for sustaining cardiac function. Acute increases in myocardial oxygen demand evoke coronary vasodilation and enhance perfusion via functional upregulation of smooth muscle voltage-gated K+(Kv) channels. Because this response is controlled by Kv1 accessory subunits (i.e., Kvβ), which are NAD(P)(H)-dependent aldo-keto reductases, we tested the hypothesis that oxygen demand modifies arterial [NAD(H)]i, and that resultant cytosolic pyridine nucleotide redox state influences Kv1 activity. High-resolution imaging mass spectrometry and live-cell imaging reveal cardiac workload-dependent increases in NADH:NAD+in intramyocardial arterial myocytes. Intracellular NAD(P)(H) redox ratios reflecting elevated oxygen demand potentiate native coronary Kv1 activity in a Kvβ2-dependent manner. Ablation of Kvβ2 catalysis suppresses redox-dependent increases in Kv1 activity, vasodilation, and the relationship between cardiac workload and myocardial blood flow. Collectively, this work suggests that the pyridine nucleotide sensitivity and enzymatic activity of Kvβ2 controls coronary vasoreactivity and myocardial blood flow during metabolic stress.
Endothelial progenitor cells stimulate neonatal lung angiogenesis through FOXF1-mediated activation of BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling
Authors: Wang Guolun , Wen Bingqiang , Deng Zicheng , Zhang Yufang , Kolesnichenko Olena A. , Ustiyan Vladimir , Pradhan Arun , Kalin Tanya V. , Kalinichenko Vladimir V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPulmonary endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for neonatal lung angiogenesis and represent a subset of general capillary cells (gCAPs). Molecular mechanisms through which EPCs stimulate lung angiogenesis are unknown. Herein, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the BMP9/ACVRL1/SMAD1 pathway signature in pulmonary EPCs. BMP9 receptor, ACVRL1, and its downstream target genes were inhibited in EPCs from Foxf1WT/S52F mutant mice, a model of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Expression of ACVRL1 and its targets were reduced in lungs of ACDMPV subjects. Inhibition of FOXF1 transcription factor reduced BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling and decreased angiogenesis in vitro. FOXF1 synergized with ETS transcription factor FLI1 to activate ACVRL1 promoter. Nanoparticle-mediated silencing of ACVRL1 in newborn mice decreased neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization. Treatment with BMP9 restored lung angiogenesis and alveolarization in ACVRL1-deficient and Foxf1WT/S52F mice. Altogether, EPCs promote neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveolarization through FOXF1-mediated activation of BMP9/ACVRL1 signaling.