bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METABOLICALLY HEALTHY OBESITY AND RISK FACTORS. THE ROLE OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
Authors: Sanidas Elias , Velliou Maria , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Anastasiou Theoharis , Michalaki Eftyhia , Golemati Spyretta , Barbetseas John 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is a benign condition commonly associated with lower cardiovascular (CV) risk. Adipose tissue might be implicated in this condition through bioactive hormones, so-called adipokines. The aim of this study was to compare cardioprotective (omentin-1, adiponectin) with non-cardioprotective (visfatin, resistin, chemerin) adipokines in MHO versus metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) patients.

Design and method:
Overall, 200 obese patients were studied (100 MHO and 100 MUO). MHO were those with less than 3 of the following criteria: (1) waist circumference > 102 cm in males or > 88 cm in females, (2) triglycerides > 150 mg/dl or treatment for this abnormality, (3) HDL < 40 mg/dl in males or < 50 mg/dl in females or treatment for this abnormality (4) systolic blood pressure > 130mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > 85mmHg or treatment for hypertension and (5) fasting glucose > 100 mg/dl or treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. MUO were those with 3 or more of the above criteria.
Adipokines levels were measured by the Elisa method.

Results:
Omentin-1 and adiponectin were increased in MHO compared to MUO, whereas visfatin, resistin and chemerin were decreased. Statistically significant differences were observed only for omentin-1, visfatin and resistin.

Conclusions:
In healthy obese patients, cardioprotective omentin-1 was higher while non-cardioprotective visfatin and resistin were lower. This highlights a potential prognostic role of adipose tissue in classifying obese patients at decreased CV risk.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF METABOLIC SYNDROME, SEX AND AGE ON THE METABOLOME AND EPIGENOME MUTUAL REGULATION: THE EPIGENETIC DRIFT IN SEVERE OBESITY
Authors: Pisoni Serena , Maria Anna , Blasio Di , Gentilini Davide , Calzari Luciano , Marrachelli Vannina G. , Morales Jose Manuel , Monleón Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the principal pathological consequence of obesity. Metabolome dysfunctions lead to multi-organ failure and cardiovascular complications, especially in the elderly. The metabolome is the output of genes-environment interaction and the epigenetic modifications act as their linker. So, it is reasonable a possible interplay between metabolomics and epigenetics. MetS prevalence increases sharply with age, especially in women, reaching in postmenopause a comparable prevalence to men of the same age. Our preliminary metabolomics results suggest stable significant differences between sexes in the global metabolic profiles. So, the aim is to study the interactions between metabolome and epigenome in subjects over 54 years old presenting metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) or severe MetS (MetS.5) to obtain a pathophysiological characterization of the most fragile patients.

Design and method:
96 subjects (48 cases MetS.5, 48 controls MHO; age 55–85) were selected from a cohort of 1350 adult subjects with extreme obesity (BMI> 40 kg/m2). MetS.5 indicated the presence of the 5 metabolic alterations according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2005). The cohort was extensively characterized for anthropometric and clinical outlines and NMR metabolomics profiles were previously measured. Global methylation levels were measured in serum using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip kit and specific statistical analyses were developed.

Results:
The global methylation levels between cases and controls didn’t appear different, although the epigenetic drift appeared higher in controls, due to the presence on average of a greater number of stochastic epigenetic variations (SEVs). The biological age, reflected by epigenetic age, appeared to be higher, on average, in men over women of similar chronological age, regardless of the pathological state, even if the last worsened the outcome.

Conclusions:
The epigenetics results, joint to the metabolomic data, may supply innovative knowledge and specific biomarkers involved in physiological mechanisms in healthy obesity and its pathological condition MetS. The results of the present study could add information and introduce new targets and biomarkers for better clinical treatment, a reduction in the risk of mortality and a better quality of life of extreme MetS patients.
ENDOTHELIAL COMPLICATIONS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH OBESITY OR NORMAL BODY WEIGHT AFTER COVID-19
Authors: Kokaeva Izolda , Zhernakova Yulia , Blinova Natalia , Elfimova Eugenia , Pogorelova Olga , Tripoten Maria , Chazova Irina 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To study the contribution of a COVID-19 to endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients with obesity or normal body weight.

Design and method:
59 hypertensive patients, male and female, aged 20–50 years (40.2 ± 6.7 years), with blood pressure (BP) under control, without diabetes, non-smokers were included in the study. All of them were divided into three groups: I (n = 13) - patients with obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2) and 1 month after COVID-19; II (n = 11) - patients with normal body weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 1 month after COVID-19; III (n = 25) - patients with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) without COVID-19. Patients of Ith and IIIth groups were comparable in BMI and BP levels. LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides levels, office systolic BP and diastolic BP, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) study to assessed endothelial function, were performed in all groups. Calculation was done with software STATISTICA 6.0.

Results:
Post-COVID-19 patients with obesity had significantly higher levels LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, systolic BP and diastolic BP then in post-COVID-19 patients with normal body weight: 3.5 ± 0.7 mmol/l vs 3.02 ± 0.62 mmol/l (p < 0.05), 3.5 ± 2.9 mmol/l vs 1.10 ± 0.3 mmol/l (p < 0.05), 141 ± 9.6 mmHg vs 123 ± 10.3 mmHg (p < 0.05), 89.5 ± 10.01 mmHg vs 76 ± 8.8 mmHg (p < 0.05) respectively.
FMD were significantly lower in patients with obesity and COVID-19 (3.6 ± 2.9%, p < 0.05) then in patients with normal body weight and COVID-19 (8.7 ± 3.4%, p < 0,05) and in patients with obesity without COVID-19 (4.2 ± 3.6%, p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our study highlights that chronic impairment of systemic vascular endothelial function in patients with obesity, when intensified by the detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 over the endothelium, may explain their worse outcomes in COVID-19. However, obesity itself is one of important factors contributing to deterioration of endothelial function.
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF WEIGHT LOSS ON CENTRAL PRESSURE, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND SYMPATHETIC TONE IN OBESE SUBJECTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
Authors: Cunha Michelle , Mattos Samanta , Klein Marcia , Neves Mario 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The presence of OSA and obesity may have synergistic effects on the progression of cardiovascular disease. To evaluate the effect of weight loss on vascular disease in obese patients with different OSA severity levels.

Design and method:
Individuals of both sexes, age between 40 and 70 years and body mass index (BMI) > = 30 and < 40 kg/m2 were submitted to nutritional intervention for 8 weeks with restriction of 800 kcal/day. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central hemodynamic parameters were evaluated by oscillometry (Mobil-O-Graph) and sympathetic tone by heart rate variability (HRV). The sleep study was performed using a portable home device (WatchPAT).

Results:
Patients (n = 70) were divided into two groups based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): mild-absent (MA) group (AHI< 15 events/h, n = 25) with mean age 50 ± 6 years, BMI = 34.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2 and moderate-severe (MS) group (AHI> = 15 events/h, n = 45) with mean age 54 ± 8 years, BMI = 33.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2. After the intervention, weight loss was similar in both groups (-3.20 vs -3.32 kg). Both groups showed a significant reduction in anthropometric parameters. The MS group showed a significant reduction in peripheral systolic blood pressure (BP) (127 ± 15 vs 122 ± 15 mmHg, p = 0.007) and the MA group demonstrated a significant reduction in diastolic BP (78 ± 6 vs 75 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.046). Central systolic pressure (116 ± 13 vs 107 ± 11 mmHg, p = 0.007), PWV (6.9 ± 0.6 vs 6.7 ± 0.6 m/s, p = 0.002) and vascular age (48 ± 6 vs 46 ± 6 years, p = 0.020) were significantly reduced only in the MA group. This group also demonstrated a significant increase in the RR interval (838 ± 225 vs 948 ± 130 ms, p = 0.032) with a reduction in heart rate (69 ± 5 vs 64 ± 8 bpm, p = 0.015).

Conclusions:
A small weight loss in a short period of time was able to promote more beneficial effects in obese individuals with non-severe sleep apnea including favorable outcomes on central hemodynamic parameters, arterial stiffness and autonomic activity.
BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL IS BETTER IN PRIMARY CARE THAN IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A MULTI-PROFESSIONAL RURAL HEALTH CENTER (DOMFRONT, NORMANDY, FRANCE)
Authors: Humbert Xavier , Massenet Marc 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
In 2015, more than 11 million patients treated for arterial hypertension in France. According to several studies in the general population, about 50% of hypertensive subjects are treated and about 20% are treated and controlled. There are very few data in general medicine. Our work have studied how these data may have differed in general medicine.

Design and method:
A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a rural health center (Domfront, Normandy, France) on subjects aged 18 to 65 in 2018. A subject was considered to be hypertensive if his blood pressure (taken in the office in routine care) was greater than 140/90 or if it was treated with antihypertensive drugs.

Results:
Of 1,925 subjects, there were 54.3% women, aged 54.6 ± 7.1 years. The mean blood pressure was 127 ± 13/76 ± 8 mmHg, 60.6% (682/1127) were overweight and 5.0% (96/1925) were diabetic. 646 (33.6%) were hypertensive and 410 hypertensive (63.5%) were treated. 39.0% (252/646) were treated and controlled.

Conclusions:
In general medicine, blood pressure control seems to be better than in the general population, whereas the general practitioner is often the first contact with the healthcare system. Poor blood pressure control in the population can be explained by the lack of general medicine consultations for untreated hypertensive subjects.
INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IDENTIFIED DURING SCREENING
Authors: Bekbergenova Zhanagul , Derbissalina Gulmira , Umbetzhanova Ayagyoz , Batarbekova Sholpan , Masharipova Alexandra , Mauletbayeva Gulsum , Akhmetova Dina , Kelimberdiyeva Elmira 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Purpose: to assess the effect of various factors on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with hypertension identified at screening.

Design and method:
A survey of 354 patients with hypertension identified at screening was carried out and the influence of various factors on SBP was assessed.

Results:
The average age of patients is 54 years [Q1-Q3: 50–54], of which 36.2% are men, 63.8% are women. Middle systolic blood pressure is 140 [Q1-Q3: 130–140] mm Hg. Most of the respondents have varying degrees of obesity. The average body mass index is 31.86 [Q1-Q3: 29.4–31.86]. The average waist is 95 [Q1-Q3: 92–95]. Mean values of total cholesterol. 5.8 [Q1-Q3: 5.6–5.8].
With an increase in age by 1 full years, an increase in SBP by 0.148 mm.Hg. should be expected. In accordance with the coefficient of determination R2 in the resulting model, 0.56% of the factors influencing the value of SBP were taken into account.
With an increase in body mass index by 1, a decrease in SBP by 0.059 mm Hg should be expected. In accordance with the coefficient of determination R2 in the resulting model, 0.04% of the factors influencing the SBP were taken into account.
With an increase in the waist by 1 cm, an increase in SBP by 0.059 mm Hg should be expected. In accordance with the coefficient of determination R2 in the resulting model, 0.09% of the factors influencing the SBP were taken into account.
With an increase in total cholesterol by 1 mmol/l. an increase in SBP by 24.466 mm Hg should be expected. In accordance with the coefficient of determination R2, the resulting model took into account 34.27% of the factors affecting the SBP. The effect of total cholesterol on SBP was statistically significant (p = 0.001) (methods used: Kruskal-Wallis test).

Conclusions:
The effect of total cholesterol on SBP is statistically significant (p = 0.001). With an increase in total cholesterol by 1 mmol/l. an increase in SBP by 24.466 mm Hg should be expected.
EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF SCREENING FOR HYPERTENSION
Authors: Bekbergenova Zhanagul , Derbissalina Gulmira , Umbetzhanova Ayagyoz , Batarbekova Sholpan , Masharipiva Alexandra , Mauletbayeva Gulsum , Akhmetova Dina , Kelimberdiyeva Elmira 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Background/Introduction. Hypertension is one of the most common causes of myocardial infarction and stroke in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). In RK, screening for hypertension is performed with 40-years of age.

Purpose: to assess the quality of the screening for hypertension.

Design and method:
A survey of 354 patients with hypertension identified at screening was carried out.

Results:
The average age of patients is 54 years [Q1-Q3: 50–54], of which 36.2% are men, 63.8% are women. In 66.7% of patients, heredity is burdened. According to the analysis of medical records, 117 (33.1%) patients smoke, while polling the same patients, 175 (49.4%) people smoke, which is 16.3% higher. According to the analysis, 38 (10.7%) patients drink, when we interviewed the same patients, 62 (17.5%) people drink, which is 6.8% higher. According to the analysis, 219 (61.9%) patients perform daily physical activity, according to our data, 111 (31.4%) people, which is 30.5% lower.
Middle systolic blood pressure is 140 [Q1-Q3: 130–140] mm Hg. Most of the respondents have varying degrees of obesity. The average body mass index is 31.86 [Q1-Q3: 29.4–31.86]. The average waist is 95 [Q1-Q3: 92–95]. Mean values of total cholesterol. 5.8 [Q1-Q3: 5.6–5.8]. During the electrocardiographic study, changes were identified in 69 patients (32 women, 37 men).

Conclusions:
During the initial questionnaire survey and clinical examination of patients with arterial hypertension at screening in 2015 and comparison with retrospective data, it became clear that such risk factors as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and daily physical activity were unreliable. Unfortunately, our work also has limitations and may be subject to subjective error, for example, we were unable to establish contact with the patient and a trusting relationship with the patient, or memory errors.
MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION HAMA COHORT: WHERE DO WE STAND IN 2021?
Authors: Boulestreau Romain , Lorthioir Aurelien , Persu Alexandre , Cremer Antoine , Rubin Sebastien , Tharaux Pierre Louis , Maier Benjamin , Mazighi Mikael , Paques Michel , Bonnin Sophie , Halimi Jean Michel , Gosse Philippe 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Malignant hypertension still exists. It is the deadliest form of hypertension, and has been forgotten. Guidelines are mainly based on consensus, without strong evidence supporting it.
French cohort HAMA is the first multicentric nationwide
Describe the characteristics of the 300 first patients included in the HAMA cohort, the substudies started and in preparation and the perspectives.

Design and method:
We set up a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort of patients with malignant hypertension. We collected at admission medical history, demographic data, ongoing treatment, clinical parameters, symptoms, care pathways, target organ status and at discharge and during follow up treatment administrated, adverse events, blood pressure level, target organ status. We aim to recruit 500 patients with malignant hypertension crisis in 5 years, with a 5-year follow-up. Our primary objective is to assess the 5 years prognosis of these patients.

Results:
We included 245 patients between September of 2019 and November of 2021, mainly men (66%), mean age 51,4 +/- 13,3 years, BMI 28 +/- 5,7, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at admission 228 +/- 23 and 124 +/- 25. Target organs damage included severe hypetensive retinopathy (87%), cardiac damage (52%), acute kidney injury (62%), cerebral damage (34%), thrombotic microangiopathy (15%).

Conclusions:
The findings of this cohort should help increasing the medical community awareness and disease screening. It should provide an up-to-date picture of the epidemiology of the disease, and help physician building guidelines based on high quality evidence, to improve the management of patients with malignant hypertension crisis. Subsequently, the knowledge gained from the HAMA cohort may be used to design controlled intervention and pathophysiological studies through biobank implementation. Next big step ahead is the inclusion of european centers.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TARGETED PROTEOMICS ASSAY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ANGIOTENSIN PEPTIDES IN THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
Authors: Bernieh Dennis , Lane Dan , Rufus Prabha , Osman Hanad , Salim Farah , Alghamdi Randah , Jenkins Sian , Gill Henry , Ng Leong , Jones Don , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The canonical renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been extensively studied and methods are available for use clinically to assess hypertension. The non-canonical axis of the RAAS (consists of angiotensin 1–7, angiotensin 1–9, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and alamandine) counteract the effects of the canonical pathway. This reveals their role as potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease but it has not been studied in detail in the clinical or research setting due to the difficulty in measuring its components. Furthermore, the functional balance between the two arms of RAAS has not been fully understood.

Design and method:
A multi-marker liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS assay) was developed and optimised to simultaneously quantify 10 peptides (angiotensin II, Ang III, Ang IV, ACE2, Ang 1–5, Ang 1–7, Ang 1–9, Ang 1–12, Alamandine and Ang A) in the RAAS pathway.
For the preparation of calibration samples, 50 L of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was spiked with the 10 peptides standards and extracted by solid phase extraction using their respective internal standards. Chromatographic analyses were performed on an Acquity C18 Premier peptide column using gradient elution with a run time of 8 min. Identification was carried out using electrospray ionisation (positive) on a Waters Xevo TQ-XS triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The developed assay is currently undergoing validation in line with international guidelines.

Results:
The method shows good linearity. The accuracy (relative error) and precision (coefficient of variation) values were within the pre-defined limits of within 15% at all tested concentrations for the target peptides. The assay sensitivity was sufficient to detect the peptides in plasma samples.

Conclusions:
The multimarker LC-MS/MS assay development was successful and following completion of validation has the potential to quantify the levels of these vasoactive peptides in patients with hypertension. This has been achieved, for the first time to the best of our knowledge on the entire RAAS pathway. This multimarker LC-MS/MS based proteomics assay could be used to study patients with hypertension in both research and clinical settings.
EFFECT OF SEVERE FOOD RESTRICTION ON BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION IN THE FEMALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT
Authors: Beck Steven , Souza Aline De , West Crystal 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Eating disorders have both short term and long term consequences that can be present years after recovery. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk for “recovered’’ individuals is still largely unknown. We have previously found that inbred female F344 rats have altered renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system regulation of mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) following a 60% food restriction (to achieve a 15–20% body weight drop in F344). The purpose of this work was to see if these are robust changes that can be replicated in an outbred strain which is a better model of the human population.

Design and method:
Two-month-old female Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were divided into control(CON) that had access to food ad libitum and a food restricted(FR) that received a 56% food restriction (to achieve a 15–20% body weight drop in SD). After 2 weeks, CON (n = 5) and FR (n = 5) rats were sacrificed, the remaining FR (n = 4) and CON (n = 4) rats received chow ad libitum for 5 months. Prior to sacrifice, an acute MAP response to 200ng/kg Angiotensin II(ANGII) was recorded from the femoral artery under anesthesia by indwelling catheter.

Results:
We found that after 14 days of food restriction the FR rats had lower baseline MAP compared to CON rats (CON = 92 ± 3.0 vs. FR = 75 ± 0.4mmHG, p < 0.05), however, both groups had the same absolute response in MAP to ANGII infusion (CON = 19 ± 2.8 vs. FR = 18 ± 2.0 mmHG). After 5 months of refeeding we found that there were no statistical differences in baseline MAP between the groups (CON = 86 ± 2.2 vs. FR = 91 ± 4.8mmHg), however, there was a trend towards an increase in peak MAP response to ANGII (CON = 19 ± 1.5 vs. FR = 27 ± 3.0mmHg, p = 0.056).

Conclusions:
When compared to F344, we found similar trends in baseline MAP immediately following food restriction and months after refeeding. We did not detect a blunting of the ANGII response immediately following food restriction as in F344. We did find similarities between F344 and SD in response to ANGII months after refeeding. Food restriction appears to create a robust change in the response to ANGII months after refeeding, that is not strain specific.