bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erbα is expressed by platelets and potentiates platelet activation and thrombus formation
Authors: Shi Jianfeng , Tong Renyang , Zhou Meng , Gao Yu , Zhao Yichao , Chen Yifan , Liu Wenhua , Li Gaoxiang , Lu Dong , Meng Guofeng , Hu Liuhua , Yuan Ancai , Lu Xiyuan , Pu Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Adverse cardiovascular events have day/night patterns with peaks in the morning, potentially related to endogenous circadian clock control of platelet activation. Circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erbα is an essential and negative component of the circadian clock. To date, the expression profile and biological function of Rev-erbα in platelets have never been reported.

Methods and results
Here, we report the presence and functions of circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erbα in human and mouse platelets. Both human and mouse platelet Rev-erbα showed a circadian rhythm that positively correlated with platelet aggregation. Global Rev-erbα knockout and platelet-specific Rev-erbα knockout mice exhibited defective in haemostasis as assessed by prolonged tail-bleeding times. Rev-erbα deletion also reduced ferric chloride-induced carotid arterial occlusive thrombosis, prevented collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromboembolism, and protected against microvascular microthrombi obstruction and infarct expansion in an acute myocardial infarction model. In vitro thrombus formation assessed by CD41-labelled platelet fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced in Rev-erbα knockout mouse blood. Platelets from Rev-erbα knockout mice exhibited impaired agonist-induced aggregation responses, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and α-granule release. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of Rev-erbα by specific antagonists decreased platelet activation markers in both mouse and human platelets. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that Rev-erbα potentiated platelet activation via oligophrenin-1-mediated RhoA/ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) pathway.

Conclusion
We provided the first evidence that circadian protein Rev-erbα is functionally expressed in platelets and potentiates platelet activation and thrombus formation. Rev-erbα may serve as a novel therapeutic target for managing thrombosis-based cardiovascular disease.

Key question
Adverse cardiovascular events have day/night patterns with peaks in the morning, potentially related to endogenous circadian clock control of platelet activation. Whether circadian nuclear receptor Rev-erba is present in platelets and regulates platelet function remains unknown.

Key finding
We provide the first evidence that Rev-erba is functionally expressed in platelets and acts as a positive regulator of platelet activation/thrombus formation through the oligophrenin-1-mediated RhoA/ERM signalling pathway.

Take home message
Our observations highlight the importance of circadian clock machinery in platelet physiology and support the notion that Rev-erba may serve as a novel therapeutic target for managing thrombosis-based cardiovascular diseases.
An experimental test of disease resistance function in the skin-associated bacterial communities of three tropical amphibian species
Authors: Hughey Myra C , Rebollar Eria A , Harris Reid N , Ibáñez Roberto , Loftus Stephen C , House Leanna L , Minbiole Kevin P C , Bletz Molly C , Medina Daniel , Shoemaker William R , Swartwout Meredith C , Belden Lisa K 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVariation in the structure of host-associated microbial communities has been correlated with the occurrence and severity of disease in diverse host taxa, suggesting a key role of the microbiome in pathogen defense. However, whether these correlations are typically a cause or consequence of pathogen exposure remains an open question, and requires experimental approaches to disentangle. In amphibians, infection by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) alters the skin microbial community in some host species, whereas in other species, the skin microbial community appears to mediate infection dynamics. In this study, we completed experimental Bd exposures in three species of tropical frogs (Agalychnis callidryas, Dendropsophus ebraccatus,andCraugastor fitzingeri) that were sympatric with Bd at the time of the study. For all three species, we identified key taxa within the skin bacterial communities that were linked to Bd infection dynamics. We also measured higher Bd infection intensities in D. ebraccatus and C. fitzingeri that were associated with higher mortality in C. fitzingeri. Our findings indicate that microbially mediated pathogen resistance is a complex trait that can vary within and across host species, and suggest that symbiont communities that have experienced prior selection for defensive microbes may be less likely to be disturbed by pathogen exposure.
A Structured Approach to Optimizing Animal Model Selection for Human Translation: The Animal Model Quality Assessment
Authors: Storey Joanne , Gobbetti Thomas , Olzinski Alan , Berridge Brian R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Animal studies in pharmaceutical drug discovery are common in preclinical research for compound evaluation before progression into human clinical trials. However, high rates of drug development attrition have prompted concerns regarding animal models and their predictive translatability to the clinic. To improve the characterization and evaluation of animal models for their translational relevance, the authors developed a tool to transparently reflect key features of a model that may be considered in both the application of the model but also the likelihood of successful translation of the outcomes to human patients. In this publication, we describe the rationale for the development of the Animal Model Quality Assessment tool, the questions used for the animal model assessment, and a high-level scoring system for the purpose of defining predictive translatability. Finally, we provide an example of a completed Animal Model Quality Assessment for the adoptive T-cell transfer model of colitis as a mouse model to mimic inflammatory bowel disease in humans.
Raloxifene prevents intracellular invasion of pathogenic bacteria through modulation of cell metabolic pathways
Authors: Chang JuOae , Kim Jihoon , Lee Wonsik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Pathogenic bacteria can invade and survive inside phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells and use them as a sanctuary against antibiotics. Induction of various host protective mechanisms, including autophagy, can be a novel and effective method to combat intracellular bacteria. Recent studies report that raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, can induce cellular autophagy.

Objectives
To demonstrate the effect of raloxifene on intracellular invasion and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and investigate raloxifene-induced metabolic changes in host cells.

Methods
Autophagic induction was determined by the extent of nuclear fragmentation and expression levels of the LC3B protein. Intracellular invasion of MRSA strains into A549 lung epithelial cells and invasion of Mycobacterium abscessus into RAW264.7 macrophages were assessed by invasion and proliferation assays. Changes in host cell metabolism were examined by transcriptomic profiling using RNA sequencing.

Results
Our data demonstrate increased autophagy in cells upon raloxifene treatment, which contributed to prevention of bacterial invasion and proliferation. Transcriptomic profiling of host cells revealed changes in cholesterol-related pathways and consequent increases in oxidative stress-related genes and in autophagic induction through the TRIM and GABA pathways.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate raloxifene’s potential as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent through autophagic induction in host cells and prevention of intracellular invasion and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria.
Youth Temperament Moderates Associations Between Parental Involvement and Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Treatment Outcome
Authors: Yeo Anna J , Halpern Leslie F , Lin Betty , Riddick Linda , Sima Daniela , Wohlfahrt Kristine M , Jones Nancy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Both youth self-regulation and quality of parental involvement have been associated with blood glucose levels (HbA1c) of youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, it is unclear whether and how youth and parental factors interact in their relation to youth HbA1c. The differential susceptibility hypothesis proposes that youth with high negative affectivity (NA) and low effortful control (EC) may be more susceptible to the deleterious impact of lower quality parenting behaviors but also reap greater benefit from higher quality parenting behaviors. This study investigated whether youth temperament would moderate the link between diabetes-specific parental assistance (e.g., checking blood sugar) or support (e.g., encouraging, praising) and HbA1c among youth with T1DM.

Methods
Primary caregivers of youth with T1DM (N = 101; M age = 12.02, SD = 2.43) completed surveys on diabetes-specific parental involvement and youth temperament. Medical information (i.e., HbA1c) was obtained from chart review.

Results
Multiple regression analyses indicated that youth NA and EC significantly interacted with parental assistance, but not support. Specifically, higher parental assistance was associated with higher HbA1c among youth with high NA or high EC. High assistance was only linked to lower HbA1c for youth with low NA.

Conclusions
Results suggest that optimal levels of parental involvement related to better T1DM outcomes depend on youth’s NA or EC. Consistent with the goodness-of-fit framework, when parenting approaches match youth’s temperament, youth with T1DM may be better able to maintain lower HbA1c. Family interventions for pediatric T1DM management may take into consideration youth temperament.
Incarcerated umbilical hernia in a 22-month-old child
Authors: Saifee Jessica , Shindorf Mackenzie , Samara Omar , Bourland Steven , Somme Stig 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Incarceration of an umbilical hernia (UH) rarely occurs in the pediatric population. They usually resolve spontaneously or are treated after the child turns 4–5 years old [1, 2]. Risk factors for incarceration have been identified, but little is understood about how incarceration of an UH occurs.
Ecological biomechanics of marine macrophytes
Authors: Koehl Mimi A R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMacroalgae and seagrasses in coastal habitats are exposed to turbulent water currents and waves that deform them and can rip them off the substratum, but that also transport essential water-borne substances to them and disperse their propagules and wastes. Field studies of the physical environment, ecological interactions, and life history strategies of marine macrophytes reveal which aspects of their biomechanical performance are important to their success in different types of natural habitats and enable us to design ecologically relevant laboratory experiments to study biomechanical function. Morphology and tissue mechanical properties determine the hydrodynamic forces on macrophytes and their fate when exposed to those forces, but different mechanical designs can perform well in the same biophysical habitat. There is a trade-off between maximizing photosynthesis and minimizing breakage, and some macrophytes change their morphology in response to environmental cues. Water flow in marine habitats varies on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, so diverse flow microhabitats can occur at the same site. Likewise, the size, shape, and tissue material properties of macrophytes change as they grow and age, so it is important to understand the different physical challenges met by macrophytes throughout their lives.
The DUVET Survey: Resolved maps of star formation-driven outflows in a compact, starbursting disc galaxy
Authors: Reichardt Chu Bronwyn , Fisher Deanne B , Nielsen Nikole M , Chisholm John , Girard Marianne , Kacprzak Glenn G , Bolatto Alberto , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Sandstrom Karin , Li Miao , Rickards Vaught Ryan , McPherson Daniel K 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe study star formation-driven outflows in a z ∼ 0.02 starbursting disc galaxy, IRAS08339+6517, using spatially resolved measurements from the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI). We develop a new method incorporating a multistep process to determine whether an outflow should be fit in each spaxel, and then subsequently decompose the emission line into multiple components. We detect outflows ranging in velocity, vout, from 100 to 600 km s−1 across a range of star formation rate surface densities, ΣSFR, from ∼0.01 to 10 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2 in resolution elements of a few hundred parsec. Outflows are detected in ∼100 per cent of all spaxels within the half-light radius, and ∼70 per cent within r90, suggestive of a high covering fraction for this starbursting disc galaxy. Around 2/3 of the total outflowing mass originates from the star forming ring, which corresponds to ${\lt}10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total area of the galaxy. We find that the relationship between vout and the ΣSFR, as well as between the mass loading factor, η, and the ΣSFR, are consistent with trends expected from energy-driven feedback models. We study the resolution effects on this relationship and find stronger correlations above a re-binned size-scale of ∼500 pc. Conversely, we do not find statistically significant consistency with the prediction from momentum-driven winds.
The Cosmic Mach Number as an environment measure for the underlying dark matter density field
Authors: Meriot Romain , Khochfar Sadegh , Oñorbe Jose , Smith Britton 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTUsing cosmological dark matter (DM) only simulations of a (1.6 Gpc/h)3 volume from the Legacy simulation project, we calculate Cosmic Mach Numbers (CMN) and perform a theoretical investigation of their relation with halo properties and features of the density field to gauge their use as an measure of the environment. CMNs calculated on individual spheres show correlations with both the overdensity in a region and the density gradient in the direction of the bulk flow around that region. To reduce the scatter around the median of these correlations, we introduce a new measure, the rank ordered Cosmic Mach number ($\hat{\mathcal {M}}_g$), which shows a tight correlations with the overdensity $\delta =\frac{\rho -\bar{\rho }}{\bar{\rho }}$. Measures of the large-scale density gradient as well as other average properties of the halo population in a region show tight correlations with $\hat{\mathcal {M}}_g$ as well. Our results in this first empirical study suggest that $\hat{\mathcal {M}}_g$ is an excellent proxy for the underlying density field and hence environment that can circumvent reliance on number density counts in a region. For scales between 10 and $100 \, \mathrm{Mpc}\, h^{-1}$, Mach numbers calculated using DM haloes (&gt; 1012 M⊙) that would typically host massive galaxies are consistent with theoretical predictions of the linear matter power spectrum at a level of $10{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ due to non-linear effects of gravity. At redshifts z ≥ 3, these deviations disappear. We also quantify errors due to missing large-scale modes in simulations. Simulations of box size ≤1 Gpc h−1 typically predict CMNs 10–30 per cent too small on scales of ∼100 Mpc h−1.
Dissociative recombination and rotational transitions of D+2 in collisions with slow electrons
Authors: Epée Epée M D , Motapon O , Pop N , Iacob F , Roueff E , Schneider I F , Mezei J Zs 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Rate coefficients for dissociative recombination and state-to-state rotational transitions of the D$_{2}^{+}$ ion induced by collisions with very low-energy electrons have been reported following our previous studies on HD+ and H$_{2}^{+}$. The same molecular structure data sets, excitations ($N_{i}^{+} \rightarrow$$N_{f}^{+}=N_{i}^{+}+2$ for $N_{i}^{+}=0$ to 10) and de-excitations ($N_{i}^{+}\rightarrow N_{f}^{+}=N_{i}^{+}-2$, for $N_{i}^{+}=2$ to 10) were used for collision energies ranging from 0.01 meV to 0.3 eV. Isotopic effects for dissociative recombination and rotational transitions of the vibrationally relaxed targets are presented.
Nested spheroidal figures of equilibrium – II. Generalization to layers
Authors: Huré J-M 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a vectorial formalism to determine the approximate solutions to the problem of a composite body made of ${\cal L}$ homogeneous, rigidly rotating layers bounded by spheroidal surfaces. The method is based on the first-order expansion of the gravitational potential over confocal parameters, thereby generalizing the method described in Paper I for ${\cal L}=2$. For a given relative geometry of the ellipses and a given set of mass-density jumps at the interfaces, the sequence of rotation rates and interface pressures is obtained analytically by recursion. A wide range of equilibria result when layers rotate in an asynchronous manner, although configurations with a negative oblateness gradient are more favourable. In contrast, states of global rotation (all layers move at the same rate), found by solving a linear system of ${\cal L}-1$ equations, are much more constrained. In this case, we mathematically demonstrate that confocal and coelliptical configurations are not permitted. Approximate formula for small ellipticities are derived. These results reinforce and prolongate known results and classical theorems restricted to small elliptiticities. Comparisons with the numerical solutions computed from the Self-Consistent-Field method are successful.
The Three Hundred project: dissecting the Fundamental Plane of galaxy clusters up to z = 1
Authors: Díaz-García Luis A , Umetsu Keiichi , Rasia Elena , Cui Weiguang , Meneghetti Massimo 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We perform a systematic study of the recently discovered Fundamental Plane of galaxy clusters (CFP) using ∼250 simulated clusters from The Three Hundred project, focusing on the stability of the plane against different temperature definitions and its dependence on the dynamical relaxation state of clusters. The CFP is characterized by $T\propto M_\mathrm{s}^\alpha \, r_\mathrm{s}^\beta$, defined with the gas temperature (T) and the characteristic halo scale radius and mass (rs and Ms) assuming a Navarro–Frenk–White halo description. We explore two definitions of weighted temperatures, namely mass-weighted and spectroscopic-like temperatures, in three radial ranges. The Three Hundred project clusters at z = 0 lie on a thin plane whose parameters (α, β) and dispersion (0.015–0.030 dex) depend on the gas temperature definition. The CFP for mass-weighted temperatures is closer to the virial equilibrium expectation (α = 1, β = −1) with a smaller dispersion. For gas temperatures measured within $500\ h^{-1}$ kpc, the resulting CFP deviates the most from the virial expectation and shifts towards the similarity solution for a secondary infall model (α = 1.5, β = −2). Independently of the temperature definition, we find that clusters at z = 1 and relaxed clusters form a CFP similar to the virial expectation, unlike disturbed clusters exhibiting stronger evolution. Only systems formed over the last 4 Gyr present a CFP that is closer to the similarity solution. All these findings are compatible with the CFP obtained for a Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble subsample excluding the hottest clusters with TX &gt; 12 keV.
MeqSilhouette v2: spectrally resolved polarimetric synthetic data generation for the event horizon telescope
Authors: Natarajan Iniyan , Deane Roger , Martí-Vidal Iván , Roelofs Freek , Janssen Michael , Wielgus Maciek , Blackburn Lindy , Blecher Tariq , Perkins Simon , Smirnov Oleg , Davelaar Jordy , Moscibrodzka Monika , Chael Andrew , Bouman Katherine L , Kim Jae-Young , Bernardi Gianni , van Bemmel Ilse , Falcke Heino , Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe present MeqSilhouette v2.0 (MeqSv2), a fully polarimetric, time-and frequency-resolved synthetic data generation software for simulating millimetre (mm) wavelength very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations with heterogeneous arrays. Synthetic data are a critical component in understanding real observations, testing calibration and imaging algorithms, and predicting performance metrics of existing or proposed sites. MeqSv2 applies physics-based instrumental and atmospheric signal corruptions constrained by empirically derived site and station parameters to the data. The new version is capable of applying instrumental polarization effects and various other spectrally resolved effects using the Radio Interferometry Measurement Equation (RIME) formalism and produces synthetic data compatible with calibration pipelines designed to process real data. We demonstrate the various corruption capabilities of MeqSv2 using different arrays, with a focus on the effect of complex bandpass gains on closure quantities for the EHT at 230 GHz. We validate the frequency-dependent polarization leakage implementation by performing polarization self-calibration of synthetic EHT data using PolSolve. We also note the potential applications for cm-wavelength VLBI array analysis and design and future directions.
Division site determination during asymmetric cell division in plants
Authors: Yi Peishan , Goshima Gohta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During development, both animals and plants exploit asymmetric cell division (ACD) to increase tissue complexity, a process that usually generates cells dissimilar in size, morphology, and fate. Plants lack the key regulators that control ACD in animals. Instead, plants have evolved two unique cytoskeletal structures to tackle this problem: the preprophase band (PPB) and phragmoplast. The assembly of the PPB and phragmoplast and their contributions to division plane orientation have been extensively studied. However, how the division plane is positioned off the cell center during asymmetric division is poorly understood. Over the past 20 years, emerging evidence points to a critical role for polarly localized membrane proteins in this process. Although many of these proteins are species- or cell type specific, and the molecular mechanism underlying division asymmetry is not fully understood, common features such as morphological changes in cells, cytoskeletal dynamics, and nuclear positioning have been observed. In this review, we provide updates on polarity establishment and nuclear positioning during ACD in plants. Together with previous findings about symmetrically dividing cells and the emerging roles of developmental cues, we aim to offer evolutionary insight into a common framework for asymmetric division-site determination and highlight directions for future work.