bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Social Mobility and Allostatic Load in Midlife and Older Ages: A Diagonal Reference Modeling Approach
Authors: McLoughlin Sinéad , Präg Patrick , Bartley Mel , Kenny Rose Anne , McCrory Cathal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to understand the association of life-course intergenerational social mobility with allostatic load (AL) burden in midlife and older ages in Ireland.

Methods
The study involved biological data for 3,987 older adults participating in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Intergenerational social mobility was characterized using the cross-classification of origin socioeconomic position (SEP; i.e., father’s occupation) and destination SEP (i.e., own occupation). AL was operationalized using 12 biomarkers tapping cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and immune system dysregulation. Diagonal reference modeling (DRM) and ordinary least square regression techniques were applied to explore the effect of social mobility on AL burden.

Results
A total of 55.5% experienced intergenerational mobility: 37.5% were upwardly mobile, 18.0% were downwardly mobile. A social gradient in AL was observed among the socially non-mobile. Destination SEP (b = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.92) predominated in influence over origin, although both life stages exerted significant influence on later-life AL. Social mobility in either direction was not associated with AL burden. Mobility coefficients were substantially small across a large variety of model specifications.

Discussion
Findings provide evidence for an accumulation model of social inequalities in which disparities in health are diluted rather than increased by social mobility (i.e., gradient constraint), with the socially mobile having an AL score that is intermediate between their origin class and destination class. This implies that the effects of origin SEP on health are not immutable, but are instead responsive to changing socioeconomic circumstances across the life course.
Inversion of shear wave waveforms reveal deformation in the lowermost mantle
Authors: Asplet Joseph , Wookey James , Kendall Michael 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
It is well known that regions of the lowermost mantle—D″—exhibit significant seismic anisotropy. Identifying a unique mechanism for seismic anisotropy in D″ and interpreting results in terms of mantle flow has proved challenging. In an attempt to address this, we outline a method for the direct inversion of shear wave waveform data for the orientation and strength of seismic anisotropy. We demonstrate our method by jointly inverting SKS, SKKS and ScS shear wave data for seismic anisotropy in a fast shear wave velocity anomaly beneath the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Using our inversion method we evaluate four candidate mechanisms for seismic anisotropy in D″: elliptical transverse isotropy (representing layering or inclusions), bridgmanite and post-perovskite (for fabrics dominated by either [100](001) or [100](010) slip). We find that all candidate mechanisms can reasonably explain our input data, with synthetic inversions demonstrating that improved backazimuthal coverage is required to identity a single best-fitting mechanism. By inverting for orientation and anisotropic strength parameters we are able to discount bridgmanite as a candidate mechanism as less plausible solution, as our inversion requires an unreasonable ca. 40 per cent of D″ to consist of aligned bridgmanite crystals. The inversion results for the 4 candidate mechanisms predict two different mantle flow regimes, near vertical upwelling (or downwelling) or predominantly horizontal Southwesterly (or Northwesterly) deformation, both of which are inconsistent with recent mantle flow models. These results show that our new inversion method gives seismologists a powerful new tool to constrain lowermost mantle anisotropy, allowing us to test predictions of lowermost mantle flow.
Sustained indentation in 2-D models of continental collision involving whole mantle subduction
Authors: Laik Arijit , Schellart Wouter P , Strak Vincent 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Continental collision zones form at convergent plate boundaries after the negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere subducts entirely into the Earth’s mantle. Consequently, orogenesis commences, and the colliding continents are sutured together. During the collision, plate convergence and motion of the sutured boundary towards the overriding plate are manifest in its deformation, as is the case for the long-term (∼50 Ma) and nearly constant convergence rate at the India–Eurasia collisional zone that hosts the Himalaya. However, despite the long history of modelling subduction-collision systems, it remains unclear what drives this convergence, especially in models where subduction is driven solely by buoyancy forces. This paper presents dynamic self-consistent buoyancy-driven 2-D whole-mantle scale numerical models of subduction-and-collision processes to explore variations in density and rheological stratification of the colliding continent and overriding plate (OP) viscosity (a proxy for OP strength) that facilitate post-collisional convergence and collisional boundary migration. In models with a moderately buoyant indenting continent, the collisional boundary advance is comparatively low (0.1–0.6 cm yr–1), and convergence is driven by the dense continental lithospheric mantle that continues to subduct as it decouples from its deforming crust. Conversely, models with a highly buoyant indenting continent show sustained indentation at 0.5–1.5 cm yr–1 until the slab detaches. Furthermore, models with a weaker OP and lower backarc viscosity show an enhanced propensity for indentation by a positively buoyant continent. These models additionally highlight the role of whole mantle flow induced by the sinking of the detached slab in the lower mantle as it sustains slow convergence at an average rate of 0.36 cm yr–1 for ∼25 Myr after break-off as well as prevents the residual slab from educting. In previous buoyancy-driven partial mantle depth models such eduction does generally occur, given that free-sinking of the detached slab in the mantle is not modelled. Although these findings widen the understanding of the long-term convergence of indenting continents, the lower post-collisional advance rates (0.3–1.5 cm yr–1) compared to India’s approximate 1000–2000 km of northward indentation during the last 50 Myr attest to the need for 3-D models.
PuWRKY31 affects ethylene production in response to sucrose signal in pear fruit
Authors: Li Xinyue , Guo Wei , Xu Mingyang , Zhao Jiaming , Wang Guan , Yuan Hui , Wang Aide 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ripening of climacteric fruits is mainly controlled by the plant hormone ethylene. The regulatory effect of sucrose on ethylene biosynthesis in fruits remains unclear. Here we examined ethylene production in two Ussurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) varieties, ‘Nanguo’ (NG) pear and its bud sport variety (BNG), which has a higher sucrose content. We found that the peak of ethylene release occurred earlier in BNG fruit than in NG fruit during ripening. The expression of the transcription factor PuWRKY31 was higher in BNG fruit than in NG fruit, and was induced by sucrose treatment. Furthermore, PuWRKY31 bound to the promoters of ethylene biosynthetic genes and upregulated their transcription. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which sucrose regulates ethylene biosynthesis in pears.
β′-Phenylfentanyl Metabolism in Primary Human Hepatocyte Incubations: Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Exposure in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology
Authors: Brunetti Pietro , Lo Faro Alfredo F , Di Trana Annagiulia , Montana Angelo , Basile Giuseppe , Carlier Jeremy , Busardò Francesco P 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrom 2014 onwards, illicit fentanyl and analogues have caused numerous intoxications and fatalities worldwide, impacting the demographics of opioid-related overdoses. The identification of cases involving fentanyl analogues is crucial in clinical and forensic settings to treat patients, elucidate intoxications, address drug use disorders and tackle drug trends. However, in analytical toxicology, the concentration of fentanyl analogues in biological matrices is low, making their detection challenging. Therefore, the identification of specific metabolite biomarkers is often required to document consumption. β′-Phenylfentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-benzenepropanamide) is a fentanyl analogue that was first detected in Sweden in 2017 and has recently reemerged onto the American illicit drug market. There is little data available on β′-phenylfentanyl effects and toxicokinetics and its metabolism is yet to be studied. We aimed to investigate β′-phenylfentanyl human metabolism to identify potential biomarkers of use. To assist in β′-phenylfentanyl metabolite identification, a list of putative reactions was generated using in silico predictions with GLORYx freeware. β′-phenylfentanyl was incubated with cryopreserved 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes, analyses were performed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS-MS) and data were processed using a partially automated targeted/untargeted approach with Compound Discoverer. We identified 26 metabolites produced by N-dealkylation, oxidation, hydroxylation, O-glucuronidation, O-methylation and combinations thereof. We suggest β′-phenylnorfentanyl (N-phenyl-N-4-piperidinyl-benzenepropanamide) and further metabolites 1-oxo-N-phenyl-N-4-piperidinyl-benzenepropanamide and 1-hydroxy-N-phenyl-N-4-piperidinyl-benzenepropanamide as major biomarkers of β′-phenylfentanyl use. In silico predictions were mostly wrong, and β′-phenylfentanyl metabolic fate substantially differed from that of a closely related analogue incubated in the same conditions, highlighting the value of the experimental assessment of new psychoactive substance human metabolism. In vivo data are necessary to confirm the present results. However, the present results may be necessary to help analytical toxicologists identify β′-phenylfentanyl-positive cases to provide authentic samples.
The Role of the Outpatient Occupational Therapist Treating Patients With Small Burns: A Retrospective Audit of Practice
Authors: O’Reilly Sarah , Strong Jennifer , Ziviani Jenny , Brown Jason , McAuliffe Tomomi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Current Australian burn care practice guidelines recommend therapies prescribed for burn injuries, irrespective of burn size. These guidelines have been informed by research related to large burns and associated treatment burden. This article describes the clinical management of small burns by occupational therapists at a large tertiary facility in Australia. A retrospective clinical chart audit was conducted for the 12-month period from January to December 2019. Participants were eligible if they had sustained a burn of 1% TBSA or less. Eligibility criteria were met for 454 patients, reflecting 77% of new outpatients in 2019. Of these, 247 or 54% of patients saw an occupational therapist. Noninvasive therapies such as scar massage, compression, silicone and taping were prescribed for 35%, 32.6%, 22.6%, and 5.9% of patients, respectively. Occupational therapist involvement was more likely postsurgical intervention (84.5%). The data presented contribute to limited research available for the management of small burns. Findings reflect use of traditional forms of therapies for small scar management; however, there appeared little use of alternative therapies, such as tapes, which may be beneficial. This study highlights the potential need for current standard practice guidelines be nuanced according burn surface area.
Search Frictions in International Goods Markets
Authors: Lenoir Clémence , Martin Julien , Mejean Isabelle 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper studies how frictions in the acquisition of new customers distort the allocation of activities across heterogeneous producers. We add bilateral search frictions in a Ricardian model of trade and use French firm-to-firm trade data to estimate search frictions faced by French exporters in foreign markets. Estimated coefficients display a strong degree of heterogeneity across countries and products that correlates with various proxies for information frictions. Markets with high estimated frictions are shown to display less dispersion in sales between high- and low-productivity firms, a consequence of the distortive impact of frictions. A counterfactual reduction in the level of search frictions significantly improves the efficiency of the selection process by pushing the least productive exporters out of the market while increasing export sales at the top of the productivity distribution.
Modeling maternal cholesterol exposure reveals a reduction of neural progenitor proliferation using human cerebral organoids
Authors: Fan Pan , Wang Yuanhao , Lu Kaiqin , Hong Yuan , Xu Min , Han Xiao , Liu Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Maternal obesity raises the risk of high-cholesterol exposure for their offspring. Studies in cohorts and animal models report that maternal obesity could increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring including intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, whether exposure to high cholesterol is responsible for brain developmental defects, as well as its underlying mechanism, is still unclear. Here, we constructed a cholesterol exposure model utilizing human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cerebral organoids by exogenously adding cholesterol into the culture system. We observed enlargement of endosomes, decreased neural progenitor proliferation, and premature neural differentiation in brain organoids with the treatment of cholesterol. Moreover, in comparison with published transcriptome data, we found that our single-cell sequencing results showed a high correlation with ASD, indicating that high cholesterol during maternal might mediate the increased risk of ASD in the offspring. Our results reveal a reduction of neural progenitor proliferation in a cholesterol exposure model, which might be a promising indicator for prenatal diagnosis and offer a dynamic human model for maternal environment exposure.
Gamma-ray emission from primordial black hole–neutron star interaction
Authors: del Barco Oscar 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The interaction of an asteroid-mass primordial black hole (PBH) with a slowly rotating neutron star (NS) can lead to detectable gamma-ray emission via modern observatories like Fermi-LAT or e-ASTROGRAM. Depending on the specific PBH relativistic orbit in the NS Schwarschild space–time and the relative orientation of this binary system with respect to Earth, the PBH Hawking radiation will show a characteristic temperature profile over time. Essentially, a moderate heating behaviour (or even a progressive and constant cooling phase) is found for the majority of the event, followed by a sudden and dramatic cool-down at the end of the burst. Our theoretical model might provide a means of identification of such hypothetical PBH–NS interactions, based on the distinctive temperature evolution of thermal-like gamma-ray bursts described in this article.
KilonovaNet: Surrogate models of kilonova spectra with conditional variational autoencoders
Authors: Lukošiute K , Raaijmakers G , Doctor Z , Soares-Santos M , Nord B 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Detailed radiative transfer simulations of kilonova spectra play an essential role in multimessenger astrophysics. Using the simulation results in parameter inference studies requires building a surrogate model from the simulation outputs to use in algorithms requiring sampling. In this work, we present kilonovanet, an implementation of conditional variational autoencoders (cVAEs) for the construction of surrogate models of kilonova spectra. This method can be trained on spectra directly, removing overhead time of pre-processing spectra, and greatly speeds up parameter inference time. We build surrogate models of three state-of-the-art kilonova simulation data sets and present in-depth surrogate error evaluation methods, which can in general be applied to any surrogate construction method. By creating synthetic photometric observations from the spectral surrogate, we perform parameter inference for the observed light-curve data of GW170817 and compare the results with previous analyses. Given the speed with which kilonovanet performs during parameter inference, it will serve as a useful tool in future gravitational wave observing runs to quickly analyse potential kilonova candidates.
Enrichment of the Galactic disc with neutron-capture elements: Gd, Dy, and Th
Authors: Mishenina T , Pignatari M , Gorbaneva T , Côté B , Yagüe López A , Thielemann F-K , Soubiran C 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The study of the origin of heavy elements is one of the main goals of nuclear astrophysics. In this paper, we present new observational data for the heavy r-process elements gadolinium (Gd, Z= 64), dysprosium (Dy, Z= 66), and thorium (Th, Z= 90) in a sample of 276 Galactic disc stars (–1.0 &lt; [Fe/H] &lt; + 0.3). The stellar spectra have a high resolution of 42 000 and 75 000, and the signal-to-noise ratio higher than 100. The LTE abundances of Gd, Dy, and Th have been determined by comparing the observed and synthetic spectra for three Gd lines (149 stars), four Dy lines (152 stars), and the Th line at 4019.13 Å (170 stars). For about 70 per cent of the stars in our sample, Gd and Dy are measured for the first time, and Th for 95 per cent of the stars. Typical errors vary from 0.07 to 0.16 dex. This paper provides the first extended set of Th observations in the Milky Way disc. Together with europium (Eu, Z= 63) data from our previous studies, we have compared these new observations with nucleosynthesis predictions and Galactic Chemical Evolution simulations. We confirm that [Gd/Fe] and [Dy/Fe] show the same behaviour of Eu. We study with GCE simulations the evolution of [Th/Fe] in comparison with [Eu/Fe], showing that unlike Eu, either the Th production is metallicity dependent in case of a unique source of the r-process in the Galaxy, or the frequency of the Th-rich r-process source is decreasing with the increase in [Fe/H].
Average characteristics of high-energy magnetospheric electron flux enhancements and the parameters of near-Earth and interplanetary medium in 1987–2021
Authors: Kryakunova O N , Belov A V , Yakovets A F , Abunin A A , Tsepakina I L , Seifullina B B , Abunina M A , Nikolayevskiy N F , Shlyk N S , Andreyev A B 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Based on the data of 35-yr (1987–2021) measurements of magnetospheric electron fluxes with energy &gt;2 MeV in geostationary orbits, solar wind speed, and geomagnetic activity, a catalogue of electron flux enhancements was compiled in which the electron fluence exceeds 108 cm–2 sr–1 d–1. The epoch superposition method performed using the GOES-13 spacecraft data shows that large electron flux enhancements are preceded by a significant increase in the solar wind velocity and the Ap index of geomagnetic activity, and immediately before the increase the relativistic electron flux decreases. For the events of the catalogue, the average characteristics of electron flux enhancements and parameters of the interplanetary and near-Earth medium were calculated: the mean values of the diurnal and total fluences during an event and the average duration of electron enhancements. The average duration of the electron flux enhancement is 5 d, and the maximum duration is 24 d. Based on the calculated mean values of the electron fluences, solar wind velocity, and Ap-index of geomagnetic activity on the day of electron enhancement and on previous days, a typical behaviour of these parameters during and before an electron flux enhancement was obtained. The average characteristics of electron flux enhancements and the parameters of interplanetary and near-Earth medium are calculated before large electron flux enhancements, when the fluence exceeds 3 × 108, 5 × 108, and 109 particles cm–2 sr–1 d–1, respectively. It is shown that the greater the increase in solar wind velocity and geomagnetic activity the larger the subsequent electron flux enhancement.
Mimicking mergers: mistaking black hole captures as mergers
Authors: Guo Weichangfeng , Williams Daniel , Heng Ik Siong , Gabbard Hunter , Bae Yeong-Bok , Kang Gungwon , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
As the number of gravitational wave observations has increased in recent years, the variety of sources has broadened. Here, we investigate whether it is possible for the current generation of detectors to distinguish between very short-lived gravitational wave signals from mergers between high-mass black holes and the signal produced by a close encounter between two black holes, which results in gravitational capture and ultimately a merger. We compare the posterior probability distributions produced by analysing simulated signals from both types of progenitor events, both under ideal and realistic scenarios. We show that while under ideal conditions it is possible to distinguish both progenitors, under realistic conditions they are indistinguishable. This has important implications for the interpretation of such short signals, and we therefore advocate that these signals be the focus of additional investigation even when satisfactory results have been achieved from standard analyses.
Hyperfine resolved rate coefficients of HC17O+ with H2 (j = 0)
Authors: Tonolo F , Lique F , Melosso M , Puzzarini C , Bizzocchi L 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The formyl cation (HCO+) is one of the most abundant ions in molecular clouds and plays a major role in the interstellar chemistry. For this reason, accurate collisional rate coefficients for the rotational excitation of HCO+ and its isotopes due to the most abundant perturbing species in interstellar environments are crucial for non-local thermal equilibrium models and deserve special attention. In this work, we determined the first hyperfine resolved rate coefficients of HC17O+ in collision with H2 (j = 0). Indeed, despite no scattering calculations on its collisional parameters have been performed so far, the HC17O+ isotope assumes a prominent role for astrophysical modelling applications. Computations are based on a new four dimensional (4D) potential energy surface obtained at the CCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory. A test on the corresponding cross-section values pointed out that, to a good approximation, the influence of the coupling between rotational levels of H2 can be ignored. For this reason, the H2 collider has been treated as a spherical body and an average of the potential based on five orientations of H2 has been employed for scattering calculations. State-to-state rate coefficients resolved for the HC17O+ hyperfine structure for temperature ranging from 5 to 100K have been computed using recoupling techniques. This study provides the first determination of HC17O+–H2 inelastic rate coefficients directly computed from full quantum close-coupling equations, thus supporting the reliability of future radiative transfer modellings of HC17O+ in interstellar environments.