bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyber-bullying among university students: Concurrent relations to belief in a just world and to empathy
Authors: Donat Matthias , Willisch Anna , Wolgast Anett 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate concurrent relations of belief in a just world (BJW), justice experiences, and empathy to cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization. Our theoretical framework contained a distinction between personal and general BJW and between affective and cognitive empathy. Due to theory and recent research, we expected students’ BJW, lecturer and fellow student justice, and empathy to relate negatively to cyber-bullying perpetration. Furthermore, BJW and academic justice experiences are also expected to negatively relate to cyber-bullying victimization. In order to test our hypotheses, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study with N = 663 German university students (Mage = 22.6, SDage = 3.5; 68% female). Gender, internet use, and social desirability were considered as control variables. A structural equation model showed that students’ personal BJW, academic justice experiences, and both empathy dimensions but not general BJW negatively related to cyber-bullying perpetration. Additionally, students’ personal BJW and academic justice experiences but not general BJW or empathy were associated with cyber-bullying victimization. Male students and those with a low social desirability were more likely to report cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization. Altogether, not only university students’ personal BJW and empathy but also their academic justice experiences related to cyber-bullying perpetration or victimization. Thus, researchers should develop strategies aiming to prevent or reduce cyber-bullying. Those should simultaneously foster students’ personal BJW and empathy as well as an academic environment characterized by just behavior of lecturers and students.
Mountain sheep grazing systems provide multiple ecological, socio-economic, and food quality benefits
Authors: Garmendia Eneko , Aldezabal Arantza , Galan Elena , Andonegi Aitor , del Prado Agustín , Gamboa Gonzalo , Garcia Oihana , Pardo Guillermo , Aldai Noelia , Barron Luis Javier R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPastoral systems face increasing pressure from competing global markets, food sector industrialization, and new policies such as Europe’s post-2020 Common Agriculture Policy. This pressure threatens the use of extensive sheep-grazing systems in mountain areas of low productivity but high natural value. Using information gathered at a long-term research setting in a mountainous area of the Basque Country (northern Spain), we assessed the multiple benefits of extensive dairy sheep grazing systems from multiple perspectives using indicators pertaining to ecological, socio-economic, and food quality domains. In this way, we address the benefits that would be lost if sheep grazing abandonment persists in mountain regions. Our results show that the benefits of extensive dairy sheep grazing in the research area include the production of healthy and high-quality foods and multiple ecological benefits including biodiversity conservation. Extensive dairy sheep grazing also contributes to rural development by generating employment and income in marginal, low-productivity lands that can support few economic alternatives. In particular, we found that sheep farmers who produce high-value products, such as cheese, have enhanced their economic profitability and are less dependent on public subsidies. However, careful attention to sustainable practices, support for new generations of farmers, and streamlined supply chains are required. These would contribute to ensure socio-economic benefits for farmers, avoid the ecological costs associated with grazing abandonment, and enhance ecosystem services for the whole society.
Tracking the adsorptive effect of nano silicate–ginkgo residue composite for Sr(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Attia L. A. , Hassan H. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGinkgo biloba (Ginkgo)/calcium silicate nanocomposite (NG-CSA) was prepared as a novel sorbent. Nanomaterial was characterized using different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (DTA and TG). Adsorption of Sr(II) and Cd(II) ions was performed taking into account significant parameters such as initial pH of the solution, shaking time and initial concentration of metal ions as well as temperature. The acquired results were disclosed that the adsorption of both ions is notably improved using NG-CSA composite. The monolayer capacity of NG-CSA for Sr(II) and Cd(II) from binary system is 122.45 and 64.68 mg/g for Sr(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The kinetic studies exposed that the adsorption process followed nonlinear pseudo-first-order model. The isotherm studies show that the extended Langmuir model is more applicable than Freundlich model for binary system adsorption process. The value of diffusion coefficient for the Sr(II) and Cd(II) is in range 10−10 m2/s which indicates the chemisorption nature of the process. The maximum value of desorption for the Sr(II) and Cd(II) is 98.41% and 97.66 utilized 0.3 M of nitric acid. This indicated that NG-CSA composite can be regenerated and reused for further adsorption of Sr(II) and Cd(II) from wastewater.
Multidisciplinary residential program for the treatment of obesity: how body composition assessed by DXA and blood chemistry parameters change during hospitalization and which variations in body composition occur from discharge up to 1-year follow-up
Authors: Gasparri Clara , Perna Simone , Peroni Gabriella , Riva Antonella , Petrangolini Giovanna , Faliva Milena Anna , Naso Maurizio , Rondanelli Mariangela 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by a complex variable clinical presentation with comorbidities. A multidisciplinary residential program (MRP) represents one of the best options for treating obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 8-week MRP on weight loss, body composition assessed by DXA, and metabolic blood parameters between entry (T0) and discharge (T1). The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of the patients' adherence to diet during the check-up outpatient visits, at 2 (T2), 6 (T3), and 12 (T4) months after discharge.

Methods
168 subjects were enrolled (61 males and 117 females, aged 58.5 ± 13 years, BMI 41.3 ± 6 kg/m2) in the study. The difference in values ​​(end of hospitalization compared to baseline) was calculated through the univariate analysis procedure, which provides regression analysis and analysis of variance for a variable dependent on one or more variables.

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement of all parameters investigated: total mass (− 5.68 kg), fat mass (− 4416.85 g), fat mass index (− 1724.56), visceral adipose tissue (− 332.76 g), arm circumference (− 1.63 cm) and calf circumference (− 1.16 cm). As it is reasonable to expect, even the fat free mass has been reduced (− 1236.03 g); however, the skeletal muscle index was not affected. Statistically significant improvement in glycaemic and lipid profile were reported. The BMI average reduction continued from discharge until T4. No statistically significant changes in fat free mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were reported during a year of follow-up.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated the clinical benefits of 8-week MRP, which includes hypocaloric diet, physical exercise, and psychological support.

Level of evidence
III, evidence obtained from cohort or case–control analytic studies.
System reliability evaluation of long railway subgrade slopes considering discrete instability
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Luo Qiang , Wang Tengfei , Wang Qi , Jiang Liangwei , Kong Dehui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a dual-indicator discrete method (DDM) for evaluating the system reliability performance of long soil subgrade slopes. First, they are segmented into many slope sections using the random finite element method, to ensure each section statistically contains one potential local instability. Then, the $$k$$
k
-out-of-$$n$$
n
system model is used to describe the relationship between the total number of sections $$n$$
n
, the acceptable number of failure sections $$m$$
m
, the reliability of sections $$R_{{{\text{sec}}}}$$

R
sec

, and the system reliability $$R_{{{\text{sys}}}}$$

R
sys

. Finally, $$m$$
m
and $$R_{{{\text{sys}}}}$$

R
sys

are jointly used to assess the system reliability performance. For cases lacking spatial data of soil properties, a simplified DDM is provided in which long subgrade slopes are segmented by the empirical value of section length and $$R_{{{\text{sec}}}}$$

R
sec

is substituted by that of cross-sections taken from them. The results show that (1) DDM can provide the probability that the actual number of local instabilities does not exceed a desired threshold. (2) $$R_{{{\text{sys}}}}$$

R
sys

decreases with increasing $$n$$
n
or decreasing $$R_{{{\text{sec}}}}$$

R
sec

; that is, it is likely to encounter more local instabilities for longer or weaker subgrade slopes. $$n$$
n
is negatively related to the horizontal scale of fluctuation of soil properties and positively related to the total length of subgrade slopes $$L$$
L
. (3) When $$L$$
L
is sufficiently large, there is a considerable opportunity to meet local instabilities even if $$R_{{{\text{sec}}}}$$

R
sec

is large enough.
Cohort Profile: Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods and Its Additions (PHDCN+)
Authors: Sampson Robert J. , Kirk David S. , Bucci Rebecca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) began in the mid-1990s, using an accelerated longitudinal design and drawing a representative sample of over 6200 children from a total of seven birth cohorts (ages 0 to 18) living in Chicago. Participants were followed for a second and third wave of data collection ending in 1998 and 2002, respectively. Independent surveys and observations on Chicago neighborhoods were also conducted. In 2012, a random subsample from cohorts 0, 9, 12, and 15 was selected for further follow-up, resulting in 1057 wave 4 interviews. In 2021, a fifth wave was launched to locate and survey wave 4 respondents, resulting in 682 responses. The extension to waves 4 and 5, termed the PHDCN+, is the main focus of this cohort profile. Survey data were collected from many domains including, but not limited to, family relationships, exposure to violence and guns, neighborhood context, self-reported crime, encounters with the police, attitudes toward the law, health, and civic engagement. In addition, official criminal records were collected for 1995–2020. The resulting PHDCN+ data includes five waves of comprehensive survey data, residential histories, neighborhood contextual data, and criminal histories extending over 25 years for four cohorts differing in age by up to 15 years. The research design, measures, key findings from the cohort sequential design, and data access opportunities are discussed.
A Review of Vascular Traits and Assessment Techniques, and Their Heritability
Authors: Craig Antonia , Delles Christian , Murray Eleanor C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVarious tools are available to assess atherosclerosis, arterial stiffening, and endothelial function. They offer utility in the assessment of hypertensive phenotypes, in cardiovascular risk prediction, and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. We explore the relative influence of participant genetics, with reference to large-scale genomic studies, population-based cohorts, and candidate gene studies. We find heritability estimates highest for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT 35–65%), followed by pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial stiffness (26–43%), and flow mediated dilatation as a surrogate for endothelial function (14–39%); data were lacking for peripheral artery tonometry. We furthermore examine genes and polymorphisms relevant to each technique. We conclude that CIMT and pulse wave velocity dominate the existing evidence base, with fewer published genomic linkages for measures of endothelial function. We finally make recommendations regarding planning and reporting of data relating to vascular assessment techniques, particularly when genomic data are also available, to facilitate integration of these tools into cardiovascular disease research.
Cambrian (Stage 4 to Wuliuan) brachiopods from Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Holmer Lars E. , Clausen Sébastien , Popov Leonid E. , Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Liang Yue , Zhang Zhifei , Palafox Reyes Juan José , Sosa-Leon Jesùs Porfirio , Buitrón-Sánchez Blanca Estela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Cambrian successions at the Chihuarruita Hill outcrop, Sonora, Mexico, have yielded two successive linguliform brachiopod assemblages that are transitional between Cambrian Stage 4 and the newly recognized global Wuliuan Stage. The lowermost assemblage includesDictyoninasp.,Paterinasp.,Eothelesp.,Hadrotreta rara? (Cooper), andLinnarssonia arellanoi? (Cooper), coming from the upper part of the Buelna Formation. The younger, recently named El Gavilán Formation contains a more diverse linguliform brachiopod assemblage, includingAcrothele concavaCooper,Batenevotreta?mexicanan. sp.,Dictyonina minutipunctaCooper,Eothelesp.,Eoobolussp.,Hadrotreta rara? (Cooper),Linnarssonia arellanoi? (Cooper),Micromitrasp.,Paterinasp., andPrototretasp. The El Gavilán Formation contains a diverse trilobite fauna suggesting Delamaran age in terms of the Laurentian regional stratigraphical scheme. The base of the global Wuliuan Stage and Miaolingian Series is defined by the first occurrence ofOryctocephalus indicus; in the absence of the index species, the base should be provisionally placed at the base of the El Gavilán Formation. The Wuliuan age of the brachiopod assemblage recovered from the El Gavilán Formation is supported by the occurrence ofAcrothelein the Cambrian biostratigraphical succession of Himalaya, where the genus makes its first appearance in theKaotaia prachinaZone. In addition, the co-occurrences ofAcrotheleandEothelecan be taken as an indication of the Wuliuan age of the fauna. A new biogeographic analysis confirms that theEotheleFauna first appeared at the end of Cambrian Stage 4, as a result of increased faunal migration within the southern tropical latitudes directed from Australasian Gondwana to Laurentia.UUID:http://zoobank.org/6598f51f-cb07-4df3-bd1f-025a13e64edf
Networked territoriality: A processual–relational view on the making (and makings) of regions in world politics
Authors: Paes Lucas de Oliveira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a processual–relational perspective on region-making and its effects in world politics. It revisits the concepts of regionalism and regionalisation to unearth the relational mechanisms underlying these archetypical pathways of regional emergence. Regionalism refers to the bounding of regions – the definition of its inside and outside, and of which actors fall on either side. Regionalisation denotes the binding of regions, the amalgamations of relations around a shared territoriality. I argue that regions affect world politics in their making through the boundaries raised and relations produced in the process. I then mobilise network theory and analysis to propose a framework for studying the making and makings of regions. Regions’ binding and bounding are rooted in brokerage dynamics that sustain clusters of relations denser inside a regional boundary, rather than outside, and allow some actors to control interactions across that boundary. I illustrate this framework with a case study on the emergence of the Amazon as a region in world politics. I analyse interaction networks in UN-level environmental negotiations involving the ecosystem. The analysis shows how the making of the Amazon has been tied to preserving the position of Amazonian states as the main brokers, speaking for and acting on behalf of the region.
What are the mechanisms and contexts by which care groups achieve social and behavioural change in low- and middle-income countries? Group motivation findings from a realist synthesis
Authors: Pieterse Pieternella , Walsh Aisling , Chirwa Ellen , Matthews Anne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjective:Infant and under-five mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) can be reduced by encouraging behaviours such as sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets, exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months, regular handwashing, etc. Community-based volunteer or peer-to-peer mechanisms are cost-effective ways of promoting these lifesaving practices. However, the sustainability and reach of community-based behaviour change promotion remains a challenge. Our inquiry focuses on the utilisation, by non-governmental organisations (NGO), of Care Groups, a peer-to-peer behaviour change intervention. We asked: What are the mechanisms and contexts by which Care Groups achieve social and behavioural change in nutrition, health and other sectors?Design:Realist synthesis reviewing forty-two texts that contained empirical evidence about Care Group interventions.Setting:LMIC.Participants:We held consultations with a research reference group, which included Care Group and nutrition experts, and Care Group – implementing NGO staff in Malawi.Results:Different types of motivation drive the establishment and the sustainability of peer group interventions. A certain amount of motivation was derived from the resources provided by the NGO establishing the Care Groups. Subsequently, both volunteers and neighbourhood group members were motivated by the group dynamics and mutual support, as well as support from the wider community. Finally, volunteers and group members alike became self-motivated by their experience of being involved in group activities.Conclusions:When designing and implementing community-based behaviour change interventions, awareness of the multi-directional nature of the motivating drivers that are experienced by peer- or community group members is important, to optimise these groups’ reach and sustainability.
The Amazon and La Plata River Basins as Moisture Sources of South America: Climatology and Intraseasonal Variability
Authors: Chug Divyansh , Dominguez Francina , Yang Zhao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLand‐atmosphere interactions are critical for precipitation (PPT) over South America where terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) constitutes a significant fraction of moisture for rainfall over the ecologically and socio‐economically vital Amazon (AMZ) and La Plata (LPB) river basins. We quantify the contribution of ET from AMZ and LPB to PPT over the continent with a focus on the intraseasonal time scale. Using numerical water tracers embedded in the Weather Research and Forecasting model we track the moisture originating from the two basins. Our findings indicate that approximately 40% of annual rainfall over the eastern foothills of the Andes originates as AMZ ET, and nearly 30% of rainfall over northern Argentina originates as LPB ET. Analysis of moisture transport during both phases of the dominant intraseasonal oscillation pattern over South America reveals an intraseasonal “sloshing” of LPB moisture between the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) and southeastern South America (SESA) regions. AMZ and LPB each supply approximately 6% of moisture for SACZ PPT during periods of intraseasonal enhancement (positive anomalies), highlighting the importance of moisture from the Atlantic Ocean. For the SESA region, LPB supplies 26% of the moisture for PPT during periods of intraseasonal enhancement while AMZ supplies 5%.
Three‐Dimensional Structure of the Corona During WHPI Campaign Rotations CR‐2219 and CR‐2223
Authors: Lloveras D. G. , Vásquez A. M. , Nuevo F. A. , Frazin R. A. , Manchester W. , Sachdeva N. , Van der Holst B. , Lamy P. , Gilardy H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDifferential emission measure tomography (DEMT) and white light (WL) tomography were applied to study the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of the global solar corona for two Whole Heliosphere and Planetary Interactions campaign periods, Carrington rotations 2219 and 2223. With DEMT, Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images were used to reconstruct the 3D coronal electron density and temperature in the range of heliocentric distance 1.02–1.25 R⊙. With WL tomography, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric COronagraph‐C2 images were used to reconstruct the 3D electron density in the range of heliocentric distance 2.5–6.0 R⊙. The two periods were also simulated with the 3D‐magneto‐hydrodynamic Alfvén Wave Solar Model (AWSoM), and its results compared in detail with the reconstructions. The DEMT analysis reveals a 20% less dense and 20% hotter corona than for rotations corresponding to the solar cycle 23/24 deep minimum. The electron density and temperature of the AWSoM model agree with DEMT results within 10% and 20%, respectively, while its electron density overestimates results of WL tomography up to 75%. The slow (fast) component of the terminal wind speed of the model is found to be associated with field lines characterized by larger (smaller) values of the tomographic density and temperature at the coronal base. DEMT reconstructions reveal the coronal plasma to be ubiquitously characterized by temperature variability of up to ≈45% over spatial scales of order ∼104 km. Taking into account this level of fine‐structure by global models may be consequential for their predictions on wave propagation in the corona.
On the Nature of Intense Sub‐Relativistic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Zhang X.‐J. , Zou Y. , Mourenas D. , Angelopoulos V. , Vainchtein D. , Tsai E. , Wilkins C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnergetic electron precipitation into Earth's atmosphere is an important process for radiation belt dynamics and magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. The most intense form of such precipitation is microbursts—short‐lived bursts of precipitating fluxes detected on low‐altitude spacecraft. Due to the wide energy range of microbursts (from sub‐relativistic to relativistic energies) and their transient nature, they are thought to be predominantly associated with energetic electron scattering into the loss cone via cyclotron resonance with field‐aligned intense whistler‐mode chorus waves. In this study, we show that intense sub‐relativistic microbursts may be generated via electron nonlinear Landau resonance with very oblique whistler‐mode waves. We combine a theoretical model of nonlinear Landau resonance, equatorial observations of intense very oblique whistler‐mode waves, and conjugate low‐altitude observations of <200 keV electron precipitation. Based on model comparison with observed precipitation, we suggest that such sub‐relativistic microbursts occur by plasma sheet (0.1 − 10 keV) electron trapping in nonlinear Landau resonance, resulting in acceleration to ≲200 keV energies and simultaneous transport into the loss cone. The proposed scenario of intense sub‐relativistic (≲200 keV) microbursts demonstrates the importance of very oblique whistler‐mode waves for radiation belt dynamics.