bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirty years of geometric morphometrics: Achievements, challenges, and the ongoing quest for biological meaningfulness
Authors: Mitteroecker Philipp , Schaefer Katrin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe foundations of geometric morphometrics were worked out about 30 years ago and have continually been refined and extended. What has remained as a central thrust and source of debate in the morphometrics community is the shared goal of meaningful biological inference through a tight connection between biological theory, measurement, multivariate biostatistics, and geometry. Here we review the building blocks of modern geometric morphometrics: the representation of organismal geometry by landmarks and semilandmarks, the computation of shape or form variables via superimposition, the visualization of statistical results as actual shapes or forms, the decomposition of shape variation into symmetric and asymmetric components and into different spatial scales, the interpretation of various geometries in shape or form space, and models of the association between shape or form and other variables, such as environmental, genetic, or behavioral data. We focus on recent developments and current methodological challenges, especially those arising from the increasing number of landmarks and semilandmarks, and emphasize the importance of thorough exploratory multivariate analyses rather than single scalar summary statistics. We outline promising directions for further research and for the evaluation of new developments, such as “landmark‐free” approaches. To illustrate these methods, we analyze three‐dimensional human face shape based on data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
Your money or your life? Public support for health initiatives during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tranter Bruce Keith 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile many Australians agree with the need for COVID‐19 restrictions and lockdowns, a vocal minority of citizens loudly voice opposition to government restrictions, characterised as impositions on ‘free speech’ and impacting the Australian economy. National data from the 2020/21 Australian Survey of Social and Attitudes and Tasmanian survey data enable an examination of those who support or oppose health initiatives aimed at minimising the impact of the pandemic. The majority of Australians believed government imposed restrictions were ‘about right’, although women were more likely than men to be concerned about the health implications of COVID‐19. Tasmanian data show that controlling for social background, those who prioritise the economy are less likely than those concerned about the health implications of COVID‐19 to wear masks in public, less likely to be tested in case they have to self‐isolate, less likely to check in, and less likely to be vaccinated. Alternatively, higher trust in university research, and trust in scientists as a source of information about COVID‐19 was positively associated with attitudes and behaviour designed to reduce the transmission of COVID‐19.
Organometallic gold (III) and platinum (II) complexes with thiosemicarbazone: Structural behavior, anticancer activity, and molecular docking
Authors: Almeida Carolane M. , S. Marcon Pedro H. , Nascimento Érica C. M. , Martins João B. L. , Chagas Marcio A. S. , Fujimori Mahmi , De Marchi Patrícia G. F. , França Eduardo L. , Honorio‐França Adenilda C. , Gatto Claudia C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study reports the synthesis and characterization of two new organometallic Au (III) and Pt (II) complexes with 2‐acetylthiophene‐N(3)‐methylthiosemicarbazone (HL). The characterization of the compounds was performed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), UV–Vis, electrospray ionization (ESI)(+)‐mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)). The MS data indicated the presence in the solution of the molecular ion [H2L]+ and characteristic fragmentations of the ligand. The thiosemicarbazone is coordinated to the Au (III) and Pt (II) in tridentate mode through the CNS chelating system. The two metal atoms show a distorted square geometry including chloride ion or triphenylphosphine to complete the coordination sphere. The 3D Hirshfeld surface and the 2D fingerprint results were analyzed quantitatively to verify interactions upon the molecular packing. The biological activity of the free thiosemicarbazone and their complexes have been evaluated against the MCF‐7 human cancer cell line. Molecular docking was used to predict the inhibitory activity of the compounds.
Thermosetting environment‐friendly polyamide adhesives prepared with citric acid and hexanediamine
Authors: Xu Gaoxiang , Zhang Qianyu , Pizzi Antonio , Lei Hong , Xi Xuedong , Du Guanben 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermosetting polyamide resins prepared by reacting citric acid with hexanediamine (CH) were synthesized and used for plywood bonding in this work, and the effects of reaction time, molar ratio of citric acid, and hexanediamine on the bonding performance have been studied. Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) were used to determine the structures of the resins. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical properties (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) were used to analyze its thermal properties. The results show that amide bonds can be formed by the reaction of carboxyl and amino groups, which acted as reaction raw materials that can undergo further polycondensation to render possible the formation of a cured cross‐linked network, thus to ensure the bonding performance of the adhesives. Meanwhile, CH adhesives presented excellent bonding strength and water resistance above the standard requirements (≥0.7 MPa). In particular, the plywood prepared by CH resin with molar ratio of citric acid to hexanediamine of 1:1.5 and reaction time of 3 h exhibited the best performance, the dry shear strength being as high as 1.96 MPa, 24 h cold water soaking strength of 0.87 MPa, and 3 h hot water (63°C) soaking wet strength attaining 1.24 MPa.
TFA‐Promoted Intermolecular Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Arenes with 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethylaryl Sulfoxides
Authors: Deng Zhen , Qiu Liu‐Yan , Pan Wenjie , Qian Baiyu , Chen Jie , Zhang Hui , Chen Qing‐Yun , Cao Weiguo , Tang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe classical Pummerer rearrangement of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylaryl sulfoxide with trifluoracetic anhydride (TFAA) affords the S,O‐acetal efficiently. In the presence of trifluoracetic acid (TFA) as the co‐solvent, the S,O‐acetal can regenerate reactive thionium intermediate of Pummerer rearrangement. When employing arenes as nucleophiles, this strategy produces corresponding 1‐thiyl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl arenes with excellent yields under metal‐free conditions.
On the toroidal‐velocity antidynamo theorem under the presence of nonuniform electric conductivity
Authors: Rüdiger Günther , Schultz Manfred 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLaminar electrically conducting Couette flows with the hydrodynamically stable quasi‐Keplerian rotation profile and nonuniform conductivity are probed for dynamo instability. In spherical geometry, the equations for the poloidal and the toroidal field components completely decouple, resulting in free decay, regardless of the spatial distribution of the electric conductivity. In cylindrical geometry the poloidal and toroidal components do not decouple, but here also we do not find dynamo excitations for the cases that the electric conductivity only depends on the radius or – much more complex– that it only depends on the azimuthal or the axial coordinate. The transformation of the plane‐flow dynamo model of Busse and Wicht (1992) to cylindrical or spherical geometry therefore fails. It is also shown that even the inclusion of axial flows of both directions doesnotsupport the dynamo mechanism. The Elsasser toroidal‐velocity antidynamo theorem, according to which dynamos without any radial velocity component cannot work, is thus not softened by nonuniform conductivity distributions.
Using Sanitary Survey Findings to Identify Risk Management Challenges
Authors: Heinrich Austin , Renwick Deborah Vacs , Weisman Richard J. , Greene Ashley , Regli Stig , Roland Kevin , Rotert Kenneth 
Published: May 2022

Key TakeawaysSanitary survey data can be broadly evaluated to understand the most prevalent issues occurring within public water systems.The most commonly identified deficiencies are associated with monitoring and reporting, finished water storage, and treatment.Reviewing sanitary survey findings and common deficiencies may help officials proactively determine water system infrastructure issues and utility training needs.
The paradoxical role of relationship quality on consumer privacy: Its effects on relinquishing and safeguarding information
Authors: Wanjugu Sabinah , Moulard Julie Guidry , Sinha Mona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConsumer privacy has received substantial attention recently due to increased cases of data breaches and other violations that have reduced consumers' confidence in companies. When consumers adopt protective actions to safeguard their privacy, they limit marketers' access to essential consumer information needed for relationship marketing. Strategies to encourage information disclosure have not been explored widely in the literature, nor have consumers' responses to privacy violations. This paper fills this gap by exploring the role of customer‐firm relationship quality (RQ) in consumer privacy. Specifically, the potentially positive role of RQ is examined, as it is proposed to enhance consumers' intentions to disclose information, and, relatedly, to mitigate their propensity to safeguard information. Furthermore, the potentially negative role of RQ is also explored in the context of a privacy violation. Two scenario‐based online experiments were conducted, where RQ and privacy violation were manipulated, and data were analyzed via SEM. The findings demonstrate that a deep consumer‐firm relationship increases intentions to relinquish information and decreases intentions to safeguard information, moderated by the consumer's disposition to value privacy (DVP). However, after a privacy violation, a deep relationship can backfire. Not only do our findings demonstrate that a violation leads to perceptions of betrayal, but the positive effect of betrayal on safeguarding is stronger for those in a deep relationship. Thus, relationship quality has a paradoxical effect: On the one hand, high‐relationship quality promotes relinquishing behaviors, but on the other hand, in case of a privacy violation, high‐relationship quality increases safeguarding behaviors.
Transhepatic balloon mitral valvotomy in mitral stenosis with interrupted inferior vena cava
Authors: Trehan Vijay , Safal  , Gautam Ankur , Bansal Ankit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 38‐year‐old female was found to have severe mitral stenosis, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with moderate tricuspid regurgitation, dilated right atrium, persistent left superior vena cava, and hugely dilated coronary sinus. The scheduled balloon mitral valvotomy via trans‐femoral approach was abandoned after the venogram revealed the presence of left‐sided inferior vena cava with hemi‐azygos continuation draining into coronary sinus via left‐sided superior vena cava. Balloon mitral valvotomy was attempted from the right trans‐jugular route, but we were unable to puncture the inter‐atrial septum due to the hugely dilated coronary sinus and right atrium. A transhepatic approach was used and balloon mitral valvotomy was successfully done with a standard balloon of 24 mm size without any complication. In patients with inferior vena cava anomalies or interruption, a percutaneous transhepatic approach is a feasible alternative for performing balloon mitral valvotomy.
Coal‐Based Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanofibers as High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Junting , Wang Xingchao , Lu Xiaoquan , Chao Cuiqin , Liang Yuanyuan , Gao Ping , Sun Ying , Liu Anjie , Huang Yudai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance of sodium resources. However, the deployment of SIBs is hindered severely by the lack of advanced electrode materials, especially anode materials. Herein, coal‐based hierarchically porous carbon nanofibers (HPCCNFs) are prepared by a simple electrospinning coupled with activation method. The chemical activation gives HPCCNF‐1 a micro/mesoporous integrated structure and appropriate specific surface area (2236.43 m2 g−1), while expanding the carbon layer spacing to 0.386 nm, which facilitates ion and electron transport. The N doping not only creates external defects and active sites, but also increases the electrical conductivity of the material. When used as an anode material for SIBs, the HPCCNFs‐1 exhibits excellent cycling stability (up to 1000 cycles) and good rate performance (121.7 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1). This work demonstrates that the coal‐based carbon nanofibers can be a promising anode for building high‐performance batteries.
Large blade impeller application for turbulent liquid–liquid and solid–liquid mixing
Authors: Montante Giuseppina , Maluta Francesco , Alberini Federico , Iwasawa Suzuka , Takenaka Katsuhide , Paglianti Alessandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApplication of large blade impellers to turbulent single‐phase and two‐phase mixing is investigated in this work in order to provide a quantitative basis for estimating the possible advantages in industrial mixing operations with respect to fast impeller types. The analysis is based on the discussion of three‐dimensional velocity fields collected in a single‐phase vessel stirred by a Maxblend impeller by stereoscopic particle image velocimetry and of dispersed phase distribution and liquid mixing time obtained in solid–liquid and liquid–liquid systems by electrical resistance tomography. The results highlight that turbulent two‐phase mixing can be efficiently performed in baffled vessels stirred by large blade impellers both in shear‐rate controlled and bulk‐motion controlled processes.
Discovery and Characterization of Multiple Classes of Human CatSper Blockers
Authors: Carlson Erick J. , Francis Rawle , Liu Yutong , Li Ping , Lyon Maximilian , Santi Celia M. , Hook Derek J. , Hawkinson Jon E. , Georg Gunda I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe cation channel of sperm (CatSper) is a validated target for nonhormonal male contraception, but it lacks selective blockers, hindering studies to establish its role in both motility and capacitation. Via an innovative calcium uptake assay utilizing human sperm we discovered novel inhibitors of CatSper function from a high‐throughput screening campaign of 72,000 compounds. Preliminary SAR was established for seven hit series. HTS hits or their more potent analogs blocked potassium‐induced depolarization and noncompetitively inhibited progesterone‐induced CatSper activation. CatSper channel blockade was confirmed by patch clamp electrophysiology and these compounds inhibited progesterone‐ and prostaglandin E1‐induced hyperactivated sperm motility. One of the hit compounds is a potent CatSper inhibitor with high selectivity for CatSper over hCav1.2, hNav1.5, moderate selectivity over hSlo3 and hERG, and low cytotoxicity and is therefore the most promising inhibitor identified in this study. These new CatSper blockers serve as useful starting points for chemical probe development and drug discovery efforts.
Environmental Outcomes from On‐Farm Agricultural Production in the United States
Authors: Thomson Allison , Coronel Eric , Young Kelly Murray 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article is brought to you by the SPARC Initiative created in partnership between the American Society for Agronomy, the Agricultural Retailers Association, Environmental Defense Fund, and Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture to empower trusted advisers to deliver services that drive continuous improvement in the productivity, profitability, and environmental outcomes of farmers’ operations. Learn more about the SPARC Initiative and access additional resources, including the six‐module series on sustainability at www.fieldtomarket.org/SPARC. This article is an excerpt from Field to Market’s Fourth National Indicators Report, released in December 2021. Access the entire report at www.fieldtomarket.org/report. Sections covering soil carbon and water quality will be included in future issues of Crops & Soils magazine. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Pioneer species of Cyanobacteria in hot springs and their role to travertine formation: The case of Aedipsos hot springs, Euboea (Evia), Greece
Authors: Kanellopoulos Christos , Lamprinou Vasiliki , Politi Artemis , Voudouris Panagiotis , Economou‐Amilli Athena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCyanobacteria are considered to be among the first microorganisms to settle in hot springs where they form a favourable environment for further biological establishment. Nevertheless, the exact pioneer species and how early they start participating in the biomineralisation processes remain unknown. The aim of the present study was twofold, that is, to identify the pioneer Cyanobacteria in hot springs (i.e. Aedipsos area, Greece) and to record their early biomineralisation processes. The in situ experimental approach included the setup of sterile glass and/or plexiglass slides in several locations to facilitate colonisation by Cyanobacteria, and removal of slides for study after 48–202 h. Synechococcales (37%) and Oscillatoriales (33%) were the dominant orders, followed by Chroococcales (15%) and Spirulinales (11%); whereas Chroococcidiopsidales (4%) was found only in a few sites. The order Nostocales was not observed at the early stages of colonisation although it was present in mature stages. Forty‐three species of Cyanobacteria were identified as pioneer microorganisms, with Spirulina subtilissima being the most frequently found. The most common pioneers were multicellular filamentous Cyanobacteria, that is, organisms with a large surface area able to form significant amounts of extracellular polymeric substances. Among the pioneers, thermophilic species of Cyanobacteria were typical such as Chroococcidiopsis thermalis, Chroococcus thermalis, Leptolyngbya thermalis, S. subtilissima and Symploca thermalis, as well as typical limestone substrate species such as Chroococcus lithophilus and Leptolyngbya laminosa. Temperature seems to affect biodiversity. Also, pioneers were found to contribute to the biomineralisation processes from their first appearance. In the studied samples, three biomineralisation processes were identified, that is, (i) calcification of cyanobacterial sheaths, (ii) trapping of carbonate crystals on a crystal retention lattice formed by extracellular polymeric substances and filaments and (iii) trapping and confinement of carbonate crystals around filamentous Cyanobacteria.
Influence of sample preparation procedures on water stable isotopes in plant organs using the water‐vapour equilibrium method
Authors: Santos Pires Sabrina , Herbstritt Barbara , Stumpp Christine , Weiler Markus , Stockinger Michael Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWater is a limiting factor for plant development. Therefore, understanding plant–water relations is vital for food security and ecosystem conservation. The stable isotopes of water (δ2H and δ18O) are widely used to study ecohydrological processes, such as root water uptake. However, obtaining water from plants to measure their stable isotopic composition requires water extraction techniques that are laborious and challenging. A method developed for soil pore water that circumvents water extraction is the water‐vapour equilibrium (WVE) method. In this study, we tested the capability and limits of WVE to determine stable water isotopes in different woody and non‐woody plant organs. For this purpose, we analysed roots, stems, twigs, leaves and fruits of various plants. We first tested the effect of various equilibration times (24–72 h) and preparation techniques (cutting or grinding samples) on the measured isotope ratios. Analyser‐internal variables that react to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) interfering with the measurement were also considered. Cutting samples and equilibrating for max. 24 h resulted in the most plausible isotope ratios, which was further tested as a proof‐of‐concept using controlled irrigation experiments. We could show expected progressive isotope enrichment from roots to leaves. Further, the isotopic composition of the water in fruit cores was more similar to irrigation water than that in fruit skins, and all the obtained results were consistent with the current process understanding of stable isotopes of water in plants, showing the feasibility of the chosen sample preparation. WVE seems to be a promising method to measure plant water isotopes with the challenge of dealing with VOCs likely influencing results.
Diastereoselective Phosphonylation of Chiral Cyclic Imines for the Synthesis of Phosphoproline Derivatives
Authors: Martínez‐Toto Erick I. , Ordóñez Mario , Morales‐Solís Juan C. , Flores‐Alamo Marcos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report here the first diastereoselective synthesis of (2S,5R)‐5‐methyl‐5‐(phosphono)‐proline, a phosphoproline derivative from L‐pyroglutamic acid. The main feature of this methodology is the transformation of L‐pyroglutamic acid into chiral cyclic imines as a versatile intermediate followed by diastereoselective nucleophilic addition of trialkyl phosphites or diethyl phosphite in the presence of PhB(OH)2, Ph2P(O)OH, (PhO)2P(O)OH, Ph(H)P(O)OH and TiCl4. N‐Cbz Cleavage with simultaneous hydrolysis of phosphonate and carboxylate esters in the quaternary cyclic α‐aminophosphonate, gave the target compound.
Multifunctionalization of C(sp3)−H Bond of Tetrahydroisoquinolines through C−H Activation Relay (CHAR) Using α‐Cyanotetrahydroisoquinolines as Starting Materials
Authors: Ma Qiyuan , Zhang Shuwei , Yuan Yuan , Ding Han , Li Yuemei , Sun Zheng , Yuan Yu , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBased on C−H activation relay (CHAR), a TBN/O2‐initiated C(sp3)−H multifunctionalization of α‐cyanotetrahydroisoquinolines was developed. This reaction is superior with mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance, avoiding the use of strong oxidants to oxidize the inert C(sp3)−H bond.
Zirconium Catalyzed Transformations Using Organoboron
Authors: Mahato Somenath , Nandy Soumilee , Kanti Das Kanak , Panda Santanu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganoboron compounds have extreme potential for organic synthesis. Ready functionalization of organoboron intrigued people to develop various protocols for their synthesis. Over the last several decades, there has been a substantial development in synthesizing new organoboron compounds using transition metals. Among various transition metals, zirconium has also been found to catalyze diverse reactions of organoboron. The zirconium chemistry has become more popular with the development of zirconium metallocenes, particularly bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconocene chloride hydride, the well‐known Schwartz reagent. These zirconium metallocenes possess a significant role in hydrozirconation, hydroboration, hydrogenation, carbozirconation, and a promising tri‐n‐butyl tin hydride alternative. This minireview focuses on the various transformations of organoboron employing zirconium catalysts that have been developed so far.