bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with severe obesity and the relationship between serum uric acid and severe obesity: A decade retrospective cross-section study in Chinese adults
Authors: Cheang Chonin , Law Saikam , Ren Jieru , Chan Wengtong , Wang Cunchuan , Dong Zhiyong 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveUndoubtedly, the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and obesity is less data for Chinese patients with obesity. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) and the association between SUA and patients with obesity.MethodsAll participants were categorized as overweight, obesity I, obesity II, and obesity III. In addition, based on SUA concentration, the participants were stratified into four quartiles. The authors used descriptive analysis, independent t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression models to verify the SUA level and obesity among Chinese adults.ResultsOverall, the estimated prevalence of HUA was 69.8%. In the BMI categories, the prevalence of HUA was 5.1% in overweight, 15.2% in obesity I, 16.9% in obesity II, and 32.5% in obesity III. Correlation analysis shows that SUA is strongly correlated with BMI, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that high density–lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a protective predictor of serum uric acid levels in patients with obesity. Compared with the overweight, obesity I, obesity II, and obesity III were more likely to have higher levels in the SUA levels.ConclusionWe mainly showed that the serum uric acid levels in Chinese patients with severe obesity declined slightly as age increased.
Are Kenyans Likely to Use COVID-19 Self-Testing Kits? Results From a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Manguro Griffins , Shilton Sonjelle , Omenda Sharon , Owira Patrica , Batheja Deepshikha , Banerji Abhik , Chabeda Sophie Vusha , Temmerman Marleen , Jako Walter , Ndungu Joseph , Luchters Stanley , Ivanova Reipold Elena , Martínez-Pérez Guillermo Z. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To understand the public’s perceptions around rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen self-testing in Kenya, including the drivers of acceptability, willingness to pay, and adherence to hygiene and prevention recommendations following a positive self-test.Methods: A household-based, cross-sectional survey, using a 35-item questionnaire, was conducted in Mombasa and Taita–Taveta counties, Kenya, during August 2021. Individuals aged ≥18 years were enrolled using a stratified sampling approach.Results: There were 419 participants (mean age 35.7 years). A minority (10.5%) had ever tested for SARS-CoV-2. If SARS-CoV-2 self-testing were available, 39.9% and 41.5% would be likely and very likely, respectively, to use it. If unavailable free-of-charge, 63.01% would pay for it. Multivariate analyses suggested that people in rural areas (Coefficient 0.30, 95%CI: 0.11–0.48, p = 0.002), aged 36–55 (Coefficient 0.21, 95%CI: 0.03–0.40, p = 0.023), and employed full time (Coefficient 0.32, 95%CI: 0.06–0.58, p = 0.016) would have more odds to adhere to recommended hygiene and prevention actions.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 self-testing was considered acceptable. Availability of self-testing could expand access to COVID-19 testing in Kenya, particularly among rural communities who have limited access to testing, and among mildly symptomatic individuals.
Perceptions of Students on Distance Education and E-Learning in Dentistry Education: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: TORAMAN Ayşe , SAĞLAM Ebru , KÖSEOĞLU Serhat 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Developing information and communication technology have led to advent of distance education term and new learning materials in training institutions; unforeseen situations like a pandemic can turn distance education into a necessity rather than an option. This study aimed to evaluate the undergraduate dentistry students’ perceptions of distance education implemented to adhere to compulsory social isolation measures.
Materials and methods: In the current study, a structured e-questionnaire comprising 27 items, including a 5-point Likert scale with 10 items (Google Forms®) was administered to undergraduate dental students in Turkey. A total of 1208 complete responses were received and examined in the final statistical analyses to assess students’ perception of distance education. Results: Most students were not familiar with the term evidence-based. Many respondents (n = 723, 59.9%) noted that they were better motivated in their lessons with face-to-face education in the classroom. Cronbach’s alpha value of the distance-education perceptions scale was 0.629. Factor analysis identified five sub-dimensions. The distance-education scores of the students at the foundation university were significantly higher than those of students at the state university. Conclusion: The results of this study show that students need more training on seeking and evaluating evidence-based information online. The study found that the training institution is a factor affecting students’ perceptions of distance education for dental instruction. Institutions need to re-evaluate their available educational programs as to the effectiveness of training modalities of distance education and e-learning for professional training in dentistry.
Sağlık Çalışanlarının COVID-19 Aşısı Yaptırma Konusundaki Tutumlarını Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: YILMAZ Sinan , ULAŞTEPE Büşra , KOŞAN Zahide , VANÇELİK Serhat , PARLAK Emine , İBA YILMAZ Sibel 
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Sağlık çalışanlarında SARS-CoV-2 maruziyeti riski genel toplumdan daha yüksektir. Tıbbi konularda toplumda rol model olan sağlık çalışanlarının aşılara karşı tutumu toplumun da yaklaşımını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma ile Erzurum ilinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının COVID-19 aşısına karşı tutumlarının ve aşı kararsızlığı yaşayanlarda etkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte planlanan bu çalışma, 2021 yılı Ocak-Mayıs arasında Erzurum ilinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarına online anket formu ile uygulandı. Verilerin analizi SPSS v25 programı ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 235 sağlık çalışanının yaş ortalaması 36.3±9.2 yıl ve %56.2’si kadındı. Katılımcıların %69.4’ü hekim, %20’si hemşire, %10.6’sı destek personeli olup, meslekte çalışma süresi ortalaması 12.1±9.2 yıldı. Katılımcıların %27.6’sı aşı yaptırmak istemiyor veya kararsızdı. Sağlık çalışanlarının %75.3’ü COVID-19 aşısını yakınlarına/kendilerine danışanlara önerebileceğini belirtti. COVID-19 aşısı konusunda kararsız olan veya yaptırmak istemeyen katılımcıların %32.3’ü yan etkiler konusunda endişe duyduklarını, %26.1’i aşı hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıklarını belirtmişti. Erkek cinsiyet ve meslekte çalışma süresindeki artış aşıya karşı tutumu olumlu yönde etkileyen faktörler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Katılımcılardan mevsimsel influenza aşısını düzenli yaptıranlar arasında COVID-19 aşısına olumlu yaklaşanların sıklığı %88.6 iken, yaptırmayanlarda %68.6 idi (p
Antimicrobial activity of different kinds of traditional vinegar and its relationship with antioxidant properties
Authors: Budak Havva Nilgün , Ertekin Filiz Bilge , Sesli Çetin Emel , Gökirmakli Çağlar 
Published: August 2022

Vinegar is obtained from fruit and various vegetable sources by ethanol and acetic acid fermentation. Different production methods are used in vinegar production. Traditional vinegar has higher quality than industrial vinegar because it contains high amounts of bioactive compounds. When the results obtained in this study are examined, it can be concluded that the antioxidant, phenolic and organic acid content is effective on the antimicrobial effect of vinegar. The vinegar with the highest antimicrobial activity was determined as pomegranate vinegar against the gram-positive microorganism group and apple vinegar against the gram-negative microorganism group in this research. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of different kinds of vinegar (apple vinegar, grape vinegar, hawthorn vinegar, sour cherry vinegar, pomegranate vinegar) produced with the traditional method on some important foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni) by using antimicrobial disc diffusion method. Besides, the examination of organic acid content, antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds of the vinegar, also their relationship with the antimicrobial effect was examined.
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS ANGLE OF ELITE AND NON-ELITE ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC STYLE WEIGHTLIFTING
Authors: Erdağı Kenan , Altunok Mehmet Kaan , Tüfekçi Osman , Özel Raif , Işık Bülent , Ünüvar Sönmez Bayram 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: To find out the quadriceps femoris angle (Q-angle) values of elite and non-elite athletes in Olympic style weightlifting. METHODS: This study included 22 male elite athletes that won medals in international Olympic style weightlifting championships and 22 male non-elite athletes who won medals in national Olympic style weightlifting championships. A goniometer was used to determine the angle of the quadriceps femoris muscle while the athletes were in supine position and the muscle was inactivated. Anthropometric measurements of right-left thigh and lower leg length, right-left thigh and calf girth, and pelvic width of athletes were obtained. One repetition maximum of snatch, clean and jerk and leg strength of the athletes was recorded. To study demographic characteristics and some anthropometric values of lower extremity of the athletes, t-Test was conducted for independent groups. To compare anthropometric measurements of right-left lower extremity and right-left Q-angle values, paired sample t-Test was used. Right-left Q-angle values and relations among other variables were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. SPSS was used for all analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 19.73±2.97 years and 18.73±1.55 years for of elite and non-elite athletes respectively. No significant difference was observed in demographic characteristics and in some anthropometric values of lower extremity of elite and non-elite athletes (p>0.05). However, right-left Q-angle values of non-elite athletes (10.14±1.55o and 10.14±1.52o, respectively) were higher than the right-left Q-angle values of elite athletes (8.32±1.39o and 8.32±1.32o, respectively) [p<0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Olympic style weightlifting, which is maintained in elite level, affects the quadriceps femoris angle.
Anisotropic Electron Heating in Turbulence-driven Magnetic Reconnection in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
Authors: Franci Luca , Papini Emanuele , Micera Alfredo , Lapenta Giovanni , Hellinger Petr , Sarto Daniele Del , Burgess David , Landi Simone 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We perform a high-resolution, 2D, fully kinetic numerical simulation of a turbulent plasma system with observation-driven conditions, in order to investigate the interplay between turbulence, magnetic reconnection, and particle heating from ion to subelectron scales in the near-Sun solar wind. We find that the power spectra of the turbulent plasma and electromagnetic fluctuations show multiple power-law intervals down to scales smaller than the electron gyroradius. Magnetic reconnection is observed to occur in correspondence of current sheets with a thickness of the order of the electron inertial length, which form and shrink owing to interacting ion-scale vortices. In some cases, both ion and electron outflows are observed (the classic reconnection scenario), while in others—typically for the shortest current sheets—only electron jets are present (“electron-only reconnection”). At the onset of reconnection, the electron temperature starts to increase and a strong parallel temperature anisotropy develops. This suggests that in strong turbulence electron-scale coherent structures may play a significant role for electron heating, as impulsive and localized phenomena such as magnetic reconnection can efficiently transfer energy from the electromagnetic fields to particles.
Long-term Evolution of Nonthermal Emission from Type Ia and Core-collapse Supernova Remnants in a Diversified Circumstellar Medium
Authors: Kobashi Ryosuke , Yasuda Haruo , Lee Shiu-Hang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The contribution of galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) to the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) is an important open question in modern astrophysics. Broadband nonthermal emission is a useful proxy for probing the energy budget and production history of CRs in SNRs. We conduct hydrodynamic simulations to model the long-term SNR evolution from explosion all the way to the radiative phase (or 3 × 105 yr at maximum) and compute the time evolution of the broadband nonthermal spectrum to explore its potential applications on constraining the surrounding environments, as well as the natures and mass-loss histories, of the SNR progenitors. A parametric survey is performed on the ambient environments separated into two main groups, namely, a homogeneous medium with a uniform gas density and one with the presence of a circumstellar structure created by the stellar wind of a massive red supergiant progenitor star. Our results reveal a highly diverse evolution history of the nonthermal emission closely correlated to the environmental characteristics of an SNR. Up to the radiative phase, the roles of CR reacceleration and ion−neutral wave damping on the spectral evolution are investigated. Finally, we make an assessment of the future prospect of SNR observations by the next-generation hard X-ray space observatory FORCE and predict what we can learn from their comparison with our evolution models.
Polarized Synchrotron Foreground Assessment for CMB Experiments
Authors: Weiland Janet L. , Addison Graeme E. , Bennett Charles L. , Halpern Mark , Hinshaw Gary 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Polarized Galactic synchrotron emission is an undesirable foreground for cosmic microwave background experiments observing at frequencies <150 GHz. We perform a combined analysis of observational data at 1.4, 2.3, 23, 30, and 33 GHz to quantify the spatial variation of the polarized synchrotron spectral index, β
pol, on ∼3.°5 scales. We compare results from different data combinations to address limitations and inconsistencies present in these public data, and form a composite map of β
pol. Data quality masking leaves 44% sky coverage (73% for ∣b∣ > 45°). Generally −3.2 < β
pol ≲ −3 in the inner Galactic plane and spurs, but the Fan Region in the outer galaxy has a flatter index. We find a clear spectral index steepening with increasing latitude south of the Galactic plane with Δβ
pol = 0.4, and a smaller steepening of 0.25 in the north. Near the south Galactic pole the polarized synchrotron spectral index is β
pol ≈ −3.4. Longitudinal spectral index variations of Δβ
pol ∼ 0.1 about the latitudinal mean are also detected. Within the BICEP2/Keck survey footprint, we find consistency with a constant value, β
pol = −3.25 ± 0.04 (statistical) ±0.02 (systematic). We compute a map of the frequency at which synchrotron and thermal dust emission contribute equally to the total polarized foreground. The limitations and inconsistencies among data sets encountered in this work make clear the value of additional independent surveys at multiple frequencies, especially between 10 and 20 GHz, provided these surveys have sufficient sensitivity and control of instrumental systematic errors.
The Fundamental Plane Is Not a Plane: Warped Nature of the Fundamental Plane of Early-type Galaxies and Its Implication for Galaxy Formation
Authors: Yoon Yongmin , Park Changbom 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on 16,283 early-type galaxies (ETGs) in 0.025 ≤ z
spec < 0.055 from Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, we show that the fundamental plane (FP) of ETGs is not a plane in the strict sense but is a curved surface with a twisted shape whose orthogonal direction to the surface is shifted as the central velocity dispersion (σ
0) or mean surface brightness within the half-light radius (μ

e
) changes. When ETGs are divided into subsamples according to σ
0, the coefficient of μ

e
of the FP increases, whereas the zero-point of the FP decreases at higher σ
0. Taking the z band as an example, the coefficient of μ

e
rises from 0.28 to 0.36 as σ
0 increases from ∼100 to ∼300 km s−1. At the same time, the zero-point of the FP falls from −7.5 to −9.0 in the same σ
0 range. The consistent picture on the curved nature of the FP is also reached by inspecting changes in the FP coefficients for ETG subsamples with different μ

e
. By examining scaling relations that are projections of the FP, we suggest that the warped nature of the FP may originate from dry merger effects that are imprinted more prominently in ETGs with higher masses.
Mass and Age Determination of the LAMOST Data with Different Machine-learning Methods
Authors: Li Qi-Da , Wang Hai-Feng , Luo Yang-Ping , Li Qing , Deng Li-Cai , Ting Yuan-Sen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a catalog of 948,216 stars with mass labels and a catalog of 163,105 red clump (RC) stars with mass and age labels simultaneously. The training data set is crossmatched from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope DR5, and high-resolution asteroseismology data, mass, and age are predicted by the random forest (RF) method or a convex-hull algorithm. The stellar parameters with a high correlation with mass and age are extracted and the test data set shows that the median relative error of the prediction model for the mass of the large sample is 3%, and for the mass and age of RC stars is 4% and 7%. We also compare the predicted age of RC stars with recent works and find that the final uncertainty of the RC sample could reach 18% for age and 9% for mass; meanwhile, the final precision of the mass for the large sample with different types of stars could reach 13% without considering systematics. All of this implies that this method could be widely used in the future. Moreover, we explore the performance of different machine-learning methods for our sample, including Bayesian linear regression and the gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT), multilayer perceptron, multiple linear regression, RF, and support vector regression methods. Finally, we find that the performance of a nonlinear model is generally better than that of a linear model, and the GBDT and RF methods are relatively better.
An overview of three decades of dendrochronology applied to ancient Mediterranean shipwrecks in southeastern France
Authors: Guibal Frédéric , Domínguez Alba Ferreira , Boetto Giulia , Shindo Lisa , Greck Sandra , Pomey Patrice 
Published: August 2022

Three decades of dendrochronology applied to ancient Mediterranean shipwrecks in southeastern France have resulted in a considerable improvement in knowledge about the wood resources used in ancient shipbuilding. However, in terms of dating, the success rate of dendrochronological analyses is still very low. The possible causes of this low rate are discussed through two case studies: the first pertaining to the shipwrecks from the ancient harbour of Toulon (1st-3rd centuries AD); the second to a couple of fluvial barges discovered in the Rhône River (mid 1st-beginning of the 2nd centuries AD).
Preliminary results of the wood analyses of the Roman vessels of Caska, island of Pag, Croatia
Authors: Domínguez Alba Ferreira , Guibal Frédéric , Boetto Giulia , Rossi Irena Radić 
Published: August 2022

Two assemblages compose the scuttled Roman vessels discovered in Caska inlet (Pag Island, Croatia): three sewn boats (Caska 1, 3 and 4) and one mortise-and-tenon constructed ship (Caska 2). While the wood species used for the construction of the sewn boats are quite similar (beech trunks split radially for planking), the construction of Caska 2 shows greater heterogeneity and more common use of conifer species for planking. The systematic identification of the wood species, the analysis of the morphological characteristics and the tree-ring dating of a large number of ship’s components provide new insight into ancient Adriatic shipbuilding traditions.
The Bremen-Cog: environmental issues
Authors: Belasus Mike , Daly Aoife , Martins Adolfo Miguel 
Published: August 2022

The Bremen-Cog was dated by dendrochronology in the 1960s when the discipline was in its infancy. The felling date of winter 1378/79 in the Weser Uplands was established and confirmed in 2007. In 2016 a new comprehensive analysis of the ship was made possible. All analysed samples are from trees likely felled in the last quarter of the 14th century in the direct hinterlands of Bremen. Furthermore, an attempt at tree morphology reconstruction and a detailed investigation into the trees’ growing features were carried out, revealing a poor timber quality, which was originally not necessarily intended for the purpose of shipbuilding.
Timber supply for Vasa: new discoveries
Authors: Daly Aoife 
Published: August 2022

Purchase records tell us that timber for building the Vasa, ­comple­ted in Stockholm in 1628, was bought from southeastern Sweden, Königsberg and Amsterdam (Cederlund 1966). An extensive tree-ring analysis of the timbers used to build Vasa is revealing details of the use of timbers in the hull from different sources. As part of the project entitled “Northern Europe’s timber resource – chronology, origin and exploitation (TIMBER),” the study of the timber for Vasa can be directly compared to the historical record of timber purchases, so that details of the volumes of timber that were supplied from the different sources can be outlined.
The Penglai 3 Shipwreck in Context: Korean Shipbuilding in the Late 14th and Early 15th Centuries
Authors: Peladan Damien 
Published: August 2022

The latest developments in Korean nautical archaeology have provided a clearer picture of what medieval shipbuilding in Korea looked like. However, the Penglai 3 shipwreck, excavated in China and dated to the late 14th or early 15th century, though unequivocally Korean in its basic structure, shows features which have never been seen before or since on other Korean ship-wrecks. The present paper aims to explain the uniqueness of this ship by examining the speciﬁc historical context in which it was built, at a time when the Korean court was conducting experiments with various techniques.
Building cheaply and simply: flat-bottomed boats with cross-planked bottoms around the world
Authors: Zamościński Krzysztof 
Published: August 2022

In Poland and in some other countries of the world different kinds of cross-planked bottom boats have been and still are built. The author has undertaken to establish the places where they are built, their chronology and building techniques, and, on the basis of this information, to investigate the question of potential connections between individual examples. From this research emerges the ongoing process of diffusion of the cross-planked bottom boat idea. Everything indicates that it started in the second half of the 18th century in North America. It was adopted in different types of crafts – previously existing or new – and activities. The advantages are cheapness and ease of construction.
Boa Vista 1: context and construction details of an early modern ship discovered in Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Bettencourt José , Lopes Gonçalo C. , Fonseca Cristóvão , Silva Tiago , Carvalho Patrícia , Coelho Inês Pinto 
Published: August 2022

Archaeological excavations carried out in the riverside area of Lisbon in 2012 and 2013 revealed the remains of two ships: Boa Vista 1 and Boa Vista 2. Both were found in a wide anchorage used since Roman times, where they were deposited at some point between the mid-17th and the mid-18th centuries.This paper will present a preliminary analysis of the Boa Vista 1 construction. Some features are common in the Mediterranean, for example, a composite keel with butt joints and hook scarfs in the connection between floor timbers and futtocks. A particular feature of this ship is the hull’s protective wooden sheathing.