bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The action of HRT-areas as operators in semiclassical gravity
Authors: Kaplan Molly , Marolf Donald 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the action of Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi (HRT) area operators on the covariant phase space of classical solutions. It has been previously proposed that this action generates a transformation which, roughly speaking, boosts the entanglement wedge on one side of the HRT surface relative to the entanglement wedge on the other side. We give a sharp argument for a precise result of this form in a general theory of Einstein-Hilbert gravity minimally coupled to matter, taking appropriate care with asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) boundary conditions. The result agrees with direct computations of commutators involving HRT areas in pure 2+1 dimensional Einstein-Hilbert gravity on spacetimes asymptotic to planar AdS. We also clarify the sense in which this transformation is singular in the deep UV when the HRT-surface is anchored to an asymptotically AdS boundary.
Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Siminiak Natalia , Czepczyński Rafał , Zaborowski Mikołaj Piotr , Iżycki Dariusz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite advances in surgery and chemotherapy, ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies. Hence, the implementation of novel treatment approaches is required to improve the outcomes of the disease. Immunotherapy has been proven to be effective in many tumors and has already been incorporated into clinical practice. In this review, we describe key strategies in immunotherapy of ovarian cancer and summarize data from clinical studies assessing immunological prospects which could improve ovarian cancer treatment approaches in the future. The most notable current strategies include checkpoint blockade agents, the use of vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, as well as various combinations of these methods. While several of these options are promising, large controlled randomized studies are still needed to implement new immunotherapeutic options into clinical practice.
Sharp Estimates for Schrödinger Groups on Hardy Spaces for $$0<p\le 1$$
Authors: Bui The Anh , Ly Fu Ken 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLet X be a space of homogeneous type with the doubling order n. Let L be a nonnegative self-adjoint operator on $$L^2(X)$$

L
2

(
X
)

and suppose that the kernel of $$e^{-tL}$$

e

-
t
L

satisfies a Gaussian upper bound. This paper shows that for $$0<p\le 1$$

0
<
p
≤
1

and $$s=n(1/p-1/2)$$

s
=
n
(
1
/
p
-
1
/
2
)

, $$\begin{aligned}\Vert (I+L)^{-s}e^{itL}f\Vert _{H^p_L(X)} \lesssim (1+|t|)^{s}\Vert f\Vert _{H^p_L(X)} \end{aligned}$$

‖

(
I
+
L
)

-
s

e

itL

f
‖

H
L
p

(
X
)

≲

(
1
+
|
t
|
)

s

‖
f
‖

H
L
p

(
X
)

for all $$t\in {\mathbb {R}}$$

t
∈
R

, where $$H^p_L(X)$$

H
L
p

(
X
)

is the Hardy space associated to L. This recovers the classical results in the particular case when $$L=-\Delta $$

L
=
-
Δ

and extends a number of known results.
Chronic social stress disrupts the intracellular redistribution of brain hexokinase 3 induced by shifts in peripheral glucose levels
Authors: van der Kooij Michael A. , Rojas-Charry Liliana , Givehchi Maryam , Wolf Christina , Bueno Diones , Arndt Sabine , Tenzer Stefan , Mattioni Lorenzo , Treccani Giulia , Hasch Annika , Schmeisser Michael J. , Vianello Caterina , Giacomello Marta , Methner Axel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Chronic stress has the potential to impair health and may increase the vulnerability for psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that specific neurometabolic dysfunctions play a role herein. In mice, chronic social defeat (CSD) stress reduces cerebral glucose uptake despite hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that this metabolic decoupling would be reflected by changes in contact sites between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, important intracellular nutrient sensors, and signaling hubs. We thus analyzed the proteome of their biochemical counterparts, mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) from whole brain tissue obtained from CSD and control mice. This revealed a lack of the glucose-metabolizing enzyme hexokinase 3 (HK3) in MAMs from CSD mice. In controls, HK3 protein abundance in MAMs and also in striatal synaptosomes correlated positively with peripheral blood glucose levels, but this connection was lost in CSD. We conclude that the ability of HK3 to traffic to sites of need, such as MAMs or synapses, is abolished upon CSD and surmise that this contributes to a cellular dysfunction instigated by chronic stress.

Key messages

Chronic social defeat (CSD) alters brain glucose metabolism

CSD depletes hexokinase 3 (HK3) from mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs)

CSD results in loss of positive correlation between blood glucose and HK3 in MAMs and synaptosomes
Missing values and data enrichment: an application to social media liking
Authors: Mariani Paolo , Marletta Andrea , Locci Matteo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the big data context, it is very frequent to manage the analysis of missing values. This is especially relevant in the field of statistical analysis, where this represents a thorny issue. This study proposes a strategy for data enrichment in presence of sparse matrices. The research objective consists in the evaluation of a possible distinction of behaviour among observations in sparse matrices with missing data. After selecting among the multiple imputation methods, an innovative technique will be presented to impute missing observations as a negative position or a neutral opinion. This method has been applied to a dataset measuring the interaction between users and social network pages for some Italian newspapers.
Energetic output of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption from pressure measurements
Authors: Díaz J. S. , Rigby S. E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe violent eruption of the volcano at Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai island on January 15, 2022, generated an intense pressure wave registered by instruments all over the world. Using public reports posted on social media, we have used the arrival time of the first passage of the wave to measure its velocity, found to be a constant$$1114\pm 2$$1114±2km/h ($$309\pm 1$$309±1m/s). An empirical pressure–distance relation that utilizes measurements from a large range of sources is used to estimate an energetic output. We find that this Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai volcanic eruption released approximately the equivalent of 61 Mt, which is considerably larger than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and slightly higher than the yield of Tsar Bomba, the largest human-made explosion in history.
Usefulness of ICG Angiography‐Guided Thyroidectomy for Preserving Parathyroid Function
Authors: Moreno‐Llorente Pablo , García‐Barrasa Arantxa , Pascua‐Solé Mireia , Videla Sebastián , Otero Aurema , Muñoz‐de Nova José Luis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionHypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy and, when permanent, it becomes a severe chronic disease. We assessed the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography‐guided thyroidectomy to reduce the postoperative hypocalcemia.MethodsProspective study with two consecutive cohorts of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy: historical control group (CG) and angiography‐guided thyroidectomy group (AG). In all patients, ICG‐angiography was performed at the end of the surgery to predict immediate parathyroid gland (PG) function. In the AG, ICG‐angiography was also done after PG identification to show their vascular supply. We compared the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia (calcium supplementation needed due to hypocalcemia symptoms or calcium levels < 1.8 mmol/L on the first postoperative day) and permanent hypocalcemia (need of calcium ± vitamin D supplementation 12 months after thyroidectomy).ResultsWe included 120 consecutive patients (84 CG; 36 AG). Thyroid cancer was the most common diagnostic (63.1% CG–69.4% AG; p = 0.646) and central neck dissection was also frequent (54.8% CG–64.3% AG; p = 0.468). The AG developed a lower rate of postoperative (26.2–5.6%; p = 0.011) and permanent hypocalcemia (11.9–0%; p = 0.032). The OR for permanent hypocalcemia was 0.673 (95% CI 0.591–0.766). A significant higher rate of well vascularized PG at the end of the surgery (score 2) in the AG (39.2–52.9%; p = 0.018) was also seen.ConclusionICG angiography‐guided thyroidectomy is a useful tool to identify PG vascularization, allowing a better PG preservation and a significant decrease in hypocalcemia rates.
Sarcoidosis with musculoskeletal manifestations: systematic review of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments
Authors: Smedslund Geir , Kotar Annie Martina , Uhlig Till 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe aimed to summarise effects and use of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for sarcoidosis with musculoskeletal manifestations. We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, Scopus, clinical.trials.gov, PROSPERO and PEDro for systematic reviews from 2014 to 2022 and for primary studies from date of inception to March 29, 2022, and studies with patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis with musculoskeletal manifestations. Inclusion criteria required that studies reported effects of non-pharmacological and/or pharmacological treatments or number of patients receiving these treatments. Results were reported narratively and in forest plots. Eleven studies were included. No systematic reviews fulfilled our inclusion criteria. None of the included studies had a control group. We found that between 23 and 100% received corticosteroids, 0–100% received NSAIDs, 5–100% received hydroxychloroquine, 12–100% received methotrexate, 0–100% received TNF inhibitors, and 3–4% received azathioprine. Only ten patients in one study had used non-pharmacological treatments, including occupational therapy, chiropractic and acupuncture. There are no controlled studies on treatment effects for patients with sarcoidosis with musculoskeletal manifestations. We found 11 studies reporting use of pharmacological treatments and only one study reporting use of non-pharmacological treatments. Our study identified major research gaps for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in musculoskeletal sarcoidosis and warrant randomised clinical trials for both.
C-reactive protein during the first 6 postoperative days after total hip arthroplasty cannot predict early periprosthetic infection
Authors: Rohe Sebastian , Böhle Sabrina , Matziolis Georg , Jacob Benjamin , Wassilew Georgi , Brodt Steffen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a serious complication in orthopaedic surgery. C-reactive protein (CRP) is widely used as a marker to screen for inflammatory complications. The early postoperative course is well known, but knowledge about the predictive value of CRP in the first 6 postoperative days for detecting an acute postoperative PJI is lacking.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the inpatient course of CRP of all primary THA and THA with acute PJI within 28 days in our hospital from 2013 to 2021. A receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed and the best CRP threshold for detecting an acute PJI based on Youden’s-index was calculated and an area-under-the curve (AUC) analysis of the threshold was performed.Results33 of 7042 patients included had an acute PJI within 28 days. Patients with acute PJI were older, had a higher BMI and longer operation time and suffered more often from diabetes mellitus. A preoperatively elevated CRP was a risk factor for PJI. CRP was significantly higher in the PJI group on postoperative days 3 and 5. Threshold values were calculated to be 152 mg/l on day 3 and 73 mg/l on day 5. However, these values had a low sensitivity (75%, 76%) and specificity (67%, 61%).ConclusionEspecially considering the decreasing length of stay after THA, the question of the usefulness of regular inpatient CRP checks arises. AUC analysis of the ROC showed a poor diagnostic accuracy in almost all cases. Only the dynamic analysis of the maximum CRP value to the lowest CRP value with a decrease of 102.7 mg/l showed a fair accuracy. This calls into question the clinical relevance of CRP in the first postoperative week for detection of acute postoperative PJI.
Peritoneal dialysis catheter removal at the time or after kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zawistowski Michał , Nowaczyk Joanna , Domagała Piotr 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
An increasing number of patients treated with peritoneal dialysis eventually undergo kidney transplantation. Owing to opposing reports, we aimed to find evidence about the best time for peritoneal dialysis catheter removal in transplant patients.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of non-randomized studies of intervention comparing patients with peritoneal dialysis catheters left in place or removed during kidney transplantation in regard to the need for dialysis and occurrence of catheter-related complications. We searched (last update on 8 December 2021) PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for eligible studies. ROBINS-I tool and funnel plot asymmetry analysis were used to assess the quality of included articles.

Results
Eight observational studies were evaluated. Five of them, which involved 338 patients, were included in a meta-analysis. All were at moderate to serious risk of bias. The odds of needing dialysis are more than twice as high for patients with peritoneal dialysis catheters left in situ (pooled odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 4.73; I2 = 0%). No statistically significant difference was noted when adult and pediatric subgroups were compared (Q = 0.13, P = .720). More individuals with catheters left in place required dialysis (pooled prevalence, 20.9%; 95% CI, 13.6 to 30.7%; I2 = 59% vs. 12.4%; 95% CI, 5.6 to 25.2%; I2 = 0%) and experienced catheter-related infections.

Conclusion
Available evidence is scarce. Unless new data from a randomized controlled trial are available, the dilemma of peritoneal dialysis catheter removal cannot be solved.

Trial registration
PROSPERO Protocol ID: CRD42020207707.

Graphical abstract
Priorisierung von Geimpften?
Authors: Hörnle Tatjana 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, ob der Impfstatus ein Auswahlkriterium sein könnte oder sogar sollte, falls in einer Pandemie bei akuter Ressourcenknappheit Priorisierung unabwendbar wird. Er ordnet und bespricht unterschiedliche Thesen, die dazu vertreten werden. Erstens wird angenommen, dass eine Beschäftigung mit diesem schwierigen Problem nicht erforderlich sei. Zweitens könnte man darauf abstellen, dass heikle Themen besser nicht öffentlich erörtert werden sollten. Nach der dritten, häufig vertretenen Argumentationslinie dürfe auf keinen Fall ein Unterschied zwischen geimpften und ungeimpften Patienten gemacht werden, weil dies mit Menschenrechten kollidiere oder mit dem allgemeinen Grundsatz nicht zu vereinbaren sei, dass Vorverhalten von Patienten in der Intensivmedizin unbeachtlich ist. Viertens empfehlen u. a. Verhaltensökonomen eine Berücksichtigung des Impfstatus zur Verbesserung von Impfquoten. Fünftens ist aus ethischer Sicht zu erwägen, ob eine vorangegangene Impfung aus Gründen der Gerechtigkeit Bedeutung habe müsse. Die Autorin vertritt die sechste These, nämlich dass bei vergleichbarer klinischer Erfolgsaussicht ggf. das Unterlassen einer möglichen und empfohlenen Impfung mangels besserer Auswahlkriterien herangezogen werden dürfe. Sie spricht sich insbesondere gegen die Alternative einer Zufallsentscheidung aus.
Red blood cell distribution width and Charlson comorbidity index help to identify frail polytraumatized patients
Authors: Weihs Valerie , Frenzel Stephan , Dedeyan Michél , Heinz Thomas , Hajdu Stefan , Frossard Martin 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Introduction
Little is known about the potential impact of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and pre-existing comorbidities on the late-phase survival of polytraumatized patients.

Methods
A total of 173 polytraumatized patients were included retrospectively in this cohort study in a level I trauma center from January 2012 to December 2015. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores and RDW values were evaluated.

Results
Out of all polytraumatized patients (n = 173), 72.8% (n = 126) were male, the mean ISS was 31.7 points (range 17–75) and the mean age was 45.1 years (range 18–93 years). Significantly higher RDW values (13.90 vs. 13.37; p = 0.006) and higher CCI scores (3.38 vs. 0.49; p < 0.001) were seen in elderly polytraumatized patients (age > 55 years). RDW values > 13.75% (p = 0.033) and CCI scores > 2 points (p = 0.001) were found to have a significant influence on the late-phase survival of polytraumatized patients. Age > 55 years (p = 0.009, HR 0.312; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.130–0.749) and the presence of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (p = 0.007; HR 0.185; 95% CI 0.054–0.635) remained as independent prognostic factors on the late-phase survival after multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Even younger elderly polytraumatized patients (> 55 years of age) showed significant higher RDW values and higher CCI scores. In addition to the presence of severe TBI and age > 55 years, RDW value > 13.75% on admission and CCI score > 2 might help to identify the “younger” frail polytraumatized patient at risk.
Evaluation of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a bio-carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam
Authors: Straub Anton , Vollmer Andreas , Lâm Thiên-Trí , Brands Roman C. , Stapf Maximilian , Scherf-Clavel Oliver , Bittrich Max , Fuchs Andreas , Kübler Alexander C. , Hartmann Stefan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Mechanisms of wound healing are often impaired in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). According to the guidelines for the treatment of this disease, early surgical intervention is indicated. However, surgery often faces complications such as wound healing disorders. The application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) after necrosectomy between bone and mucosa may constitute a promising approach to improve surgical results. An aspect that was not investigated until now is that PRF acts as a “bio-carrier” for antibiotics previously applied intravenously.

Materials and methods
We investigated the antimicrobial properties of PRF in 24 patients presenting ONJ undergoing systemic antibiosis with ampicillin/sulbactam. We measured the concentration of ampicillin/sulbactam in plasma and PRF and performed agar diffusion tests. Ampicillin/sulbactam was applied intravenously to the patient 10 minutes for blood sampling for PRF. No further incorporation of patients’ blood or PRF product with antibiotic drugs was obtained. Four healthy patients served as controls.

Results
Our results revealed that PRF is highly enriched with ampicillin/sulbactam that is released to the environment. The antibiotic concentration in PRF was comparable to the plasma concentration of ampicillin/sulbactam. The inhibition zone (IZ) of PRF was comparable to the standard ampicillin/sulbactam discs used in sensitivity testing.

Conclusions
The results of our study demonstrated that PRF is a reliable bio-carrier for systemic applied antibiotics and exhibits a large antimicrobial effect.

Clinical relevance
We describe a clinically useful feature of PRF as a bio-carrier for antibiotics. Especially when applied to poorly perfused tissues and bone such as in ONJ, the local release of antibiotics can reduce wound healing disorders like infections.
Understanding students’ participation in physiotherapy and nursing work settings
Authors: Ceelen Lieke , Khaled Anne , Nieuwenhuis Loek , de Bruijn Elly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudents’ health profession education includes learning at the workplace through placements. For students, participating in daily work activities in interaction with supervisors, co-workers and peers is a valuable practice to learn the expertise that is needed to become a health care professional. To contribute to the understanding of HPE-students’ workplace learning, the focus of this study is to identify affordances and characterise student’s participation during placements. We applied a research design based on observations. Three student-physiotherapists and four student-nurses were shadowed during two of their placement days. A categorisation of affordances is provided, in terms of students’ participation in activities, direct interactions and indirect interactions. Students’ daily participation in placements is discussed through unique combinations and sequences of the identified affordances reflecting changing patterns over time, and differences in the degree of presence or absence of supervisors, co-workers and peers.
On spline quasi-interpolation through dimensions
Authors: Dagnino Catterina , Lamberti Paola , Remogna Sara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe approximation of functions and data in one and high dimensions is an important problem in many mathematical and scientific applications. Quasi-interpolation is a general and powerful approximation approach having many advantages. This paper deals with spline quasi-interpolants and its aim is to collect the main results obtained by the authors, also in collaboration with other researchers, in such a topic through spline dimension, i.e. in the 1D, 2D and 3D setting, highlighting the approximation properties and the reconstruction of functions and data, the applications in numerical integration and differentiation and the numerical solution of integral and differential problems.
Menschenrechte. Eine Analyse aus der Perspektive der Philosophischen Anthropologie
Authors: Fischer Joachim 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag skizziert eine mögliche Aufklärung des Phänomens der Menschenrechte aus der Perspektive der Philosophischen Anthropologie. Dieses Paradigma (Scheler, Plessner, Gehlen, Cassirer) exponiert die „exzentrische Positionalität“ als die Conditio humana zwischen Hominitas und Humanitas. Dabei können folgende Aspekte der Menschenrechte zur Sprache kommen: 1. DieHumanitasder Menschenrechte als Antwort auf die problematischen Potenziale derHominitas; 2. die Verschiedenheit der Menschenrechte – ihre antinomische bzw. pluri-nomische Struktur; 3. die Einheit der verschiedenenMenschenrechtein derMenschenwürde, in der sich die vier ‚Welten‘ der menschlichen Lebenswelt – Außenwelt; Innenwelt; Mitwelt; symbolische Welt – zur balancierten Darstellung bringt; 4. die rechtliche Realisierung der Menschenrechte durch Praktiken der Macht, der demokratischen Souveränität und ihrer körperlichen Gewalt.