bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholecalciferol induces apoptosis via autocrine metabolism in epidermoid cervical cancer cells
Authors: Bhoora S. , Pillay T.S. , Punchoo R. 
Published: June 2022

The anti-cancer effects of vitamin D are of fundamental interest. Cholecalciferol is sequentially hydroxylated endogenously to calcidiol and calcitriol. Here, SiHa epidermoid cervical cancer cells were treated with cholecalciferol (10–2600 nmol/L). Cell count and viability were assayed using Crystal Violet and Trypan Blue, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry for early and late biomarkers along with brightfield microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Autocrine vitamin D metabolism was analysed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunoblotting for activating enzymes: 25-hydroxylases (CYP2R1 and CYP27A1) and 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), the catabolic 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. After cholecalciferol, cell count ( p = 0.011) and viability ( p < 0.0001) decreased, apoptotic biomarkers were positive, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased ( p = 0.0145), and phosphatidylserine externalisation ( p = 0.0439), terminal caspase activity ( p = 0.0025), and nuclear damage ( p = 0.004) increased. Microscopy showed classical features of apoptosis. Gene and protein expression were concordant. Immunoblots revealed increased CYP2R1 ( p = 0.021), VDR ( p = 0.04), and CYP24A1 ( p = 0.0274) and decreased CYP27B1 ( p = 0.031). The authors conclude that autocrine activation of cholecalciferol to calcidiol may mediate VDR signalling of growth inhibition and apoptosis in SiHa cells.
Reconciliation in the woods? Three pathways towards forest justice
Authors: Nikolakis William 
Published: June 2022

Forests are the locus of conflict in Canada, where the rights and interests of Indigenous peoples can collide with those of the province (Crown) and the forest industry. Efforts to achieve “forest justice” — or sufficient forest rights to meet the self-governance goals of Indigenous peoples, and in ways that ensure collective resilience — have typically been driven by the principle of reconciliation. In this paper, these “forest justice” efforts were examined through a tripartite justice theory, involving recognition, representation, and redistribution pathways. This paper documents that recognition involves Crown efforts to recognize Indigenous peoples’ forest rights, including ownership, and access and use rights; representation includes improved participation in forest governance; and redistribution covers the allocation of timber harvesting rights and forest lands to Indigenous peoples. This study documents that the bulk of “forest justice” activity is focused on the redistribution of timber harvesting licences, the volume of which has doubled over the last two decades. These three paths to justice must all be pursued together to deliver “forest justice”, and to move towards “reconciliation in the woods”. Recommendations are offered to support forest justice in practice.
Effects of Dietary Lipid Levels on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at Three Different Stages
Authors: Zhang Wencong , Dan Zhijie , Zhuang Yanwen , Zheng Jichang , Gong Ye , Liu Yongtao , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui 
Published: June 2022

Three 56-day feeding trials were conducted to evaluate dietary lipid requirements and effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) at three growth stages. The initial mean body weight of turbot was

9.13
±
0.17

g,

50.10
±
0.38

g, and

80.05
±
0.76

g (small, medium, and large turbot), respectively. Five practical diets were formulated to contain 68.4, 93.9, 120.7, 147.8, and 171.2 g/kg lipid (L68.4, L93.9, L120.7, L147.8, and L171.2), respectively. Results of three trials showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of turbot fed with L120.7, L147.8, and L171.2 diets were all significantly higher compared with turbot fed with L68.4 and L93.9 diets except for large turbot fed with the L147.8 diet. Activities of intestinal trypsin, lipase and hepatic catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity firstly increased and then decreased as dietary lipids increased. Meanwhile, malondialdehyde content decreased firstly but then increased with the elevation of dietary lipids in small and medium turbot, and it was significantly higher in the L171.2 group than the rest in large turbot. With increasing levels of dietary lipid, contents of whole-body lipid, liver lipid, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were markedly increased at three stages. In addition, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents increased firstly and then decreased over the L120.7 group. Transcriptional levels of lipolysis-related genes lipin1 and lpl were significantly upregulated firstly and subsequently downregulated with increasing dietary lipid levels except lipin1 in medium fish. Meanwhile, a significant increase in lipogenesis-related genes lxr and pparγ expressions was detected in all fish. Based on the specific growth rate, the dietary lipid level of 130.1, 120.1, and 107.7 g/kg was optimal for the growth performance of turbot cultured at three phases, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated that high lipid diets may lead to abnormal lipid deposition and affect the physiological health of turbot.
Factors Shaping Occupational Injustice among Resettled Syrian Refugees in the United States
Authors: Darawsheh Wesam B. , Bewernitz Megan , Tabbaa Sawsan , Justiss Michael 
Published: June 2022

Background. There have been a limited number of studies that have focused on factors which shape the experiences of resettlement and occupational injustice among refugee populations. Purpose. To explore the factors that shape the living difficulties of Syrian refugees who were lawfully admitted into the United States and ways whereby they might interfere with shaping occupational injustice. Method. Mixed methodologies were incorporated. The living difficulty scale for refugees (LDSR) was disseminated. Semistructured interviews were conducted, and fieldnotes were collected as sources of qualitative data. Results. 254 participants (mean age

36.2
±
9.6

yrs; 159 females and 95 males) completed the survey, and nine of them participated in the semistructured interviews. Age (

p
<
0.01

), region (

p
<
0.001

), and time in the United States (

p
<
0.05

) had significant effects on the experiences of the participants, but not gender (

p
=
0.308

). Occupational injustice is an outcome of an interaction between interpersonal and contextual factors. Practice Implications. Occupational therapists need to assume a vital role in maximizing opportunities of engagement in meaningful occupations for Syrian refugees to counteract occupational injustice and difficulties associated with resettlement.
Persistent Positive Anomalies in Geopotential Heights Promote Wildfires in Western North America
Authors: Sharma Aseem R. , Jain Piyush , Abatzoglou John T. , Flannigan Mike 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During summer, persistent positive anomalies (PPAs) of midtropospheric geopotential heights in North America are often associated with extreme weather, including heatwaves. We evaluate the link between prolonged summertime PPAs in 500-hPa geopotential heights and wildfire activity across western North America and examine temporal trends in PPA characteristics. On average, 17% of May–September days experience PPA events over the study domain. Large fires (burned area > 500 ha) were 7 times as likely to start during a PPA, with approximately 40% of these fires’ ignitions coincident with PPA events. A positive correlation exists between the fraction of May–September PPA days and burned area for most of the study domain. Additionally, the presence of a PPA exerts greater influence on fire ignition and burned area in higher latitudes than lower latitudes of western North America. We find a statistically significant expansion in the spatial extent of PPA events during 1979–2020. The observed expansion of the PPAs is likely due to thermodynamic changes in midlatitude synoptic patterns. These findings may improve our understanding of the connections between PPA events and wildfires in western North America, enhance the short-term predictability of wildfire events, and have important implications for increased fire risk in a warming climate.

Significance Statement
Persistent positive anomalies (PPAs) of the upper air atmospheric flow, a slow progression of planetary waves, are synoptic-scale patterns that cause heatwaves and contribute to wildfire activity. We seek to understand how these events relate to fire weather and fire activity over western North America. The presence of PPA events increases the likelihood of fire ignition by a factor of 7, with higher likelihood over northern regions. The mean area of the PPA events has grown significantly in recent decades, exposing larger areas and populations to increased fire risks. These results improve our understanding of the connections between upper air atmospheric patterns and wildfires, signal how it may change in future warmer climate and scenarios, and enhance the near-future predictability of fire events in this region.
Estimates of Near-Inertial Wind Power Input Using Novel In Situ Wind Measurements from Minimet Surface Drifters in the Iceland Basin
Authors: Klenz Thilo , Simmons Harper L. , Centurioni Luca , Lilly Jonathan M. , Early Jeffrey J. , Hormann Verena 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Minimet is a Lagrangian surface drifter measuring near-surface winds in situ. Ten Minimets were deployed in the Iceland Basin over the course of two field seasons in 2018 and 2019. We compared Minimet wind measurements to coincident ship winds from the R/V Armstrong meteorology package and to hourly ERA5 reanalysis winds and found that the Minimets accurately captured wind variability across a variety of time scales. Comparisons between the ship, Minimets, and ERA5 winds point to significant discrepancies between the in situ wind measurements and ERA5, with the most reasonable explanation being related to spatial offsets of small-scale storm structures in the reanalysis model. After a general assessment of the Minimet performance, we compare estimates of wind power input in the near-inertial band using the Minimet winds and their measured drift to those using ERA5 winds and the Minimet drift. Minimet-derived near-inertial wind power estimates exceed those from Minimet drift combined with ERA5 winds by about 42%. The results highlight the importance of accurately capturing small-scale, high-frequency wind events and suggest that in situ Minimet measurements are beneficial for accurately quantifying near-inertial wind work on the ocean.

Significance Statement
In this study we introduce a novel, freely drifting wind measurement platform, the Minimet. After an initial validation of Minimet sea surface wind measurements against independent wind measurements from a nearby research vessel, we investigate their utility in context of the near-inertial work done by the wind on the ocean, which is important for the ocean’s energy budget. We find Minimet near-inertial wind work estimates exceed those estimated using winds from a state-of-the-art wind product by 42%. Our results indicate that capturing storm events happening on time scales less than 12 h is crucial for accurately quantifying near-inertial wind work on the ocean, making wind measurements from platforms such as the Minimet invaluable for these analyses.
Molecular Testing for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Association of Negative Predictive Value With Nodule Size
Authors: Barnes Andrew B. , Justice-Clark Tracy , Li Wencheng , Randle Reese W. 
Published: June 2022

Background Molecular testing helps stratify risk of malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodules, but it may be limited in its ability to rule out malignancy in large nodules. Methods We compared small thyroid nodules (<4 cm) to large thyroid nodules (4 cm or greater) in a retrospective, single center, cohort study of indeterminate thyroid nodules analyzed with ThyroSeq from 10/2015 through 4/2020. Our primary outcome was negative predictive value. Results A total of 204 thyroid nodules were analyzed with ThyroSeq and 62 underwent resection allowing comparison to final pathology for 48 small nodules and 14 large nodules. A greater proportion of large nodules were observed in men (50.0% vs 18.8% in small nodules, P = .02), but median age was similar between the groups (49.0 vs 52.5 years, P = .95). False negative results comprised a higher proportion of tests for large nodules (14.3%) than small nodules (0%, P = .01). The negative predictive value of ThyroSeq in small nodules was 1 indicating a negative test reliably predicted a benign nodule, compared to .5 in large nodules indicating a negative test in this cohort was reliable in predicting benignity. Applying the same negative predictive value to the cohort of large nodules that did not undergo resection after negative molecular testing (n = 16), it is possible that 8 large thyroid malignancies were missed at our institution during the study period. Conclusions Large thyroid nodules are associated with a higher rate of false negative results and a lower negative predictive value during molecular analysis of indeterminate thyroid nodules.
“This Gradual Swing Back into Us”: Active Duty Army Spouses’ Experiences During Homecoming and Post-Deployment Family Reintegration
Authors: Drew Alison L. , Blankenship Abby E. , Kritikos Tessa K. , Jacoby Vanessa M. , Dondanville Katherine A. , Yarvis Jeffrey S. , Sharrieff Allah-Fard , McGeary Cindy A. , Blount Tabatha H. , Young-McCaughan Stacey , Peterson Alan L. , DeVoe and Ellen R. ,   for the STRONG STAR Consortium
Published: June 2022

There is acknowledgment that deployments can be stressful for military spouses; however, less is known about their experiences post-deployment. This qualitative study examined the post-deployment experiences of 16 female spouses, whose active duty Army husband had returned from deployment within the previous 2 years and who had a young child during the deployment. Spouses reported that the time surrounding their husbands’ return was one of the great transitions, often accompanied by stress. Most families were able to work through challenges and show positive adjustment over time. However, some spouses described severe post-deployment challenges marked by disconnect from their partners; three of these were spouses whose husbands had posttraumatic stress disorder. The findings address how spouses prepared for their husband’s return, their reunion experiences, the process of reintegrating their husband into family life, and individual changes in the partners post-deployment. Facilitators and challenges to adjustment were identified as potential targets for interventions.
β-carboline-independent antidepressant-like effect of the standardized extract of the barks of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir. occurs via 5-HT2A/2C receptors in mice
Authors: Duarte-Filho Luiz Antonio Miranda de Souza , Amariz Isabela Araujo , Nishimura Rodolfo Hideki Vicente , Massaranduba Ana Beatriz Rodrigues , Menezes Pedro Modesto Nascimento , Damasceno Tauana Araújo , Brys Ivani , Rolim Larissa Araújo , Silva Fabrício Souza , Ribeiro Luciano Augusto de Araújo 
Published: June 2022

Background: Depression is a psychiatric disorder with limited therapy options. Psychedelics are new antidepressant candidates, being the ayahuasca one of the most promising ones. A synergistic combination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carbolines allows ayahuasca antidepressant properties. Another psychedelic and DMT-containing beverage is the jurema wine used religiously by indigenous people from Northeastern Brazil. Aims: To evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of standardized extract of Mimosa tenuiflora (SEMT), associated or not with harmine (β-carboline), in behavioral models of depression. Methods: The SEMT was submitted to (+) ESI-IT-LC/MS analysis for DMT quantification. To assess the antidepressant-like effect of SEMT, the open field (OFT), tail suspension (TST), and forced swim (FST) tests were performed. To verify the participation of serotonergic systems, the 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head twitch test was performed. Results: The content of DMT found in SEMT was 24.74 ± 0.8 mg/g. Yuremamine was also identified. SEMT presented an antidepressant-like effect in mice submitted to the TST and FST, independent from harmine, with no significant alterations on the OFT. The sub-dose interaction between SEMT and ketamine also produced an anti-immobility effect in the TST, with no changes in the OFT. SEMT potentiated the head twitch behavior induced by 5-HTP and ketanserin prevented its antidepressant-like effect in the TST ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: SEMT presented a harmine-independent antidepressant-like effect in mice submitted to the TST and FST. This effect occurs possibly via activation of serotonergic systems, particularly the 5-HT2A/2C receptors.
Is it feasible to measure pulmonary vein data using volume rendering images?
Authors: Yue Junyan , Li Meixia , Wu Qingwu , Li Peicheng , Liang Changhua , Chen Jie , Li Peiheng , Guo Junxia , Dou Wenguang , Guo Changlei , Gao Jianbo 
Published: June 2022

Background Pulmonary vein (PV) data are commonly measured on multiplanar image reformation (MPR) images and volume rendering (VR) images. Purpose To compared and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of PV data based on VR images and MPR images. Material and Methods A total of 94 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with imaging data were included in the study. The respective image postprocessing time and the three surgical interventionists’ preferences for the two images were recorded. A paired t-test or chi-square test was used to compare their difference, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the data values including the maximal and minimal ostial diameters of the left superior PV (LSPV), the left inferior PV (LIPV), the right superior PV (RSPV), and the right inferior PV (RIPV) obtained by VR and MPR images ( P > 0.05). Yet, the mean postprocessing time of VR images (15.10 ± 3.05 min) was shorter compared to MPR images (16.54 ± 2.60 min) ( t = 22.84, P < 0.05). All three surgical interventionists preferred VR images (accounted for 85.1%, 86.2%, and 84.0%, respectively), and there was no statistical difference in the degree of image preference among the three (chi-square = 0.596, P = 0.963). Conclusion PV data measurement could be performed on both VR and MRP images; however, the data on VR images were more intuitive and more accessible for interventional surgeons.
The Impact of Chronic Medical Conditions on Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Baig Saqib H. , Vaid Urvashi , Yoo Erika J. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose To examine the impact of chronic comorbidities on mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Materials and Methods Retrospective cohort study of adults with ARDS (ICD-10-CM code J80) from the National Inpatient Sample between January, 2016 and December, 2018. For the primary outcome of mortality, we conducted weighted logistic regression adjusting for factors identified on univariate analysis as potentially significant or differing between the two groups at baseline. We used negative binomial regression adjusting for the same comorbidities to identify risk factors for longer length of stay (LOS) among ARDS survivors. Results After exclusions, 1046 records were analyzed (3355 ARDS survivors and 1875 non-survivors.) The comorbidities examined included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, alcohol and drug use, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease, chronic pulmonary disease and malignancy. In multivariate analysis, we found that malignancy (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.84-2.78, p < 0.001), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.23-1.92, p < 0.001), and CKD (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.22-2.50, p  =  0.002) increased the risk of death. In interaction analyses, cardiovascular disease combined with either malignancy or CKD conferred higher odds of death compared to either risk factor alone. Conclusions The comorbidity of malignancy confers the most reliable risk of poor outcomes in ARDS with higher odds of hospital death and a simultaneous association with longer hospital LOS among survivors.
Biomarkers of Glycocalyx Injury and Endothelial Activation are Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime , Molina Carlos Federico , Salazar-Pelaez Lina María , Flórez Steffanie , Alarcón-Forero Laura Carolina , Sarta Mauricio , Hernández-Sarmiento Ricardo , Villar Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2022

Objective Sepsis is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Microcirculatory impairment, especially damage to the endothelium and glycocalyx, is often not assessed. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available evidence of the risk of unsatisfactory outcomes in patients with sepsis and elevated glycocalyx injury and endothelial activation biomarkers. Design A systematic search was carried out on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and Google Scholar up to December 31, 2021, including studies in adults and children with sepsis which measured glycocalyx injury and endothelial activation biomarkers within 48 hours of hospital admission. The primary outcome was the risk of mortality from all causes and the secondary outcomes were the risk of developing respiratory failure (RF) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with elevations of these biomarkers. Measurements and Main Results A total of 17 studies (3,529 patients) were included: 11 evaluated syndecan-1 (n=2,397) and 6 endocan (n=1,132). Syndecan-1 was higher in the group of patients who died than in those who survived [255 ng/mL (IQR: 139-305) vs. 83 ng/mL (IQR:40-111); p=0.014]. Patients with elevated syndecan-1 had a greater risk of death (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.89, 3.10: p<0.001), MODS (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.51, 7.25: p=0.003;), or RF (OR 7.53; 95% CI 1.86-30.45: p=0.005). Endocan was higher in patients who died [3.1 ng/mL (IQR 2.3, 3.7) vs. 1.62 ng/mL (IQR 1.2, 5.7); OR 9.53; 95% CI 3.34, 27.3; p<0.001], who had MODS (OR 8.33; 95% CI 2.07, 33.58; p=0.003) and who had RF (OR 9.66; 95% CI 2.26, 43.95; p=0.002). Conclusion Patients with sepsis and abnormal glycocalyx injury and endothelial activation biomarkers have a greater risk of developing respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and death. Microcirculatory impairment should be routinely evaluated in patients with sepsis, using biomarkers to stratify risk groups.