bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of surface properties of Urtica dioica (nettle) leaves, roots, and seeds and examination of their ability to separate xylene isomers
Authors: Isik Birol , Cakar Fatih , Cankurtaran Ozlem 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionUrtica dioica (nettle) is a plant species of the Urticaceae family that grows in various parts of the world and exerts antioxidant, antibacterial, antiulcer, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory effects. Their leaves, roots, and seeds are used in various fields such as food, medicine, and cosmetics.ObjectivesInverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to evaluate the surface characteristics and separation ability of U. dioica leaves, roots, and seeds. Characterization of these biomasses was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses.MethodologyThe surface properties of the biomasses including dispersive surface energy, adsorption enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and acidity‐basicity constants were determined at infinite dilution using various organic solvents. These properties were compared with each other. Dispersive surface energies were calculated using the Dorris–Gray, Donnet–Park, and Schultz methods. The accuracy of these methods and their applicability were evaluated. In the last stage of this study, the separation of xylene isomers was investigated by using U. dioica biomasses as stationary phases.ResultsThe surface functional groups were determined by FTIR analysis. As a result of the IGC studies, it was found that the adsorption of polar solvents on biomasses occurred exothermically and spontaneously. Besides, it was found that the surfaces of biomasses were basic. From the retention diagrams and selectivity coefficients, it was determined that xylene isomers were effectively separated.ConclusionIGC is a promising, low‐cost, easy‐to‐apply, and high‐accuracy technique for the investigation of the surface properties of biomasses and their ability to separate isomers.
Facile preparation and properties of polybenzoxazine/graphene porous nanocomposites for electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Xu Wanghezi , Wang Hanwu , Ran Qichao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolybenzoxazine/graphene porous nanocomposites were prepared by sol–gel and subsequent thermal curing. The porous nanocomposites showed low densities ranging from 0.154 to 0.204 g/cm3. The chemical structures and microscopic morphology of the porous nanocomposites were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electromagnetic wave absorbing ability of the porous nanocomposites was investigated, and the results showed that the minimum reflection loss for the porous nanocomposite with 15 wt% of graphene (PBG‐15) can reach −35.72 dB at a thickness of 2.6 mm with a 1.5 GHz frequency bandwidth. The excellent absorption ability was due to the conductivity loss in the porous nanocomposite. Also, PBG‐15 exhibited good heat resistance with a thermal deformation temperature near 220°C and a char yield of 56%. In addition, the addition of graphene could increase the compressive strength and compressive modulus of the porous nanocomposites by up to 126% and 364%, respectively. These polybenzoxazine/graphene porous nanocomposites have good potential application in light electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
Global profiling of lysine succinylation in human lungs
Authors: Yang Ye‐Hong , Wu Song‐Feng , Zhu Yun‐Ping , Yang Jun‐Tao , Liu Jiang‐Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe lysine succinylation (Ksucc) is involved in many core energy metabolism pathways and affects the metabolic process in mitochondria, making this modification highly valuable for studying diseases related to mitochondrial disorders. In this paper, we used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) to perform the first global profiling of succinylation in human lungs under normal physiological conditions. Using an MS‐based platform, we identified 1485 Ksucc sites in 568 proteins. We then compared these sites with those previously identified in human succinylome studies to investigate specific succinylated proteins and identify their possible functions in the lung and to explore the substrate preferences of succinylation modifiers in different cell lines and at different subcellular localizations. Our work expands the succinylation database and supplementary materials on the human succinylome and will thus help in further study of the function of Ksucc and regulation under related physiological and pathological conditions.
Elements of microfinance on spatial poverty alleviation in Sri Lanka: Structural equation modeling
Authors: Kumari Prasansha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSri Lanka being a developing country, its poverty can be identified as a serious issue for the development of the country. Poverty can be identified as a spatial characteristic in Sri Lanka which can be seen in the high poverty rates in several areas as the result of disparities of natural and physical resources distribution and, geographical disadvantages. Microfinance has been identified as a significant tool for eradicating poverty in many Asian countries after the 1990s. Sri Lanka also launched several microfinance programs to reduce poverty in the country. Despite the availability of microfinance in Sri Lanka, very few studies have been carried out; therefore, only limited knowledge of the empirical and theoretical impacts of the various microfinance elements on poverty alleviation is available. This study is an attempt to remedy this paucity of knowledge. Primary data were gathered through a Likert scale questionnaire that was distributed among 497 borrowers of the Samurdhi microfinance program. This sample was chosen from five districts of Sri Lanka. Structural Equation Modeling was used for testing the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that microcredit was the most significant element of microfinance for alleviating spatial poverty in Sri Lanka. Nonfinancial Services and Insurance Services also had a positive impact on spatial poverty alleviation. Micro Savings and Social Intermediation Services did not have a notable positive impact on spatial poverty alleviation in Sri Lanka. The findings of this study enhance the existing knowledge of microfinance, providing conceptual and empirical contributions. This study could substantially contribute to the government by offering it deeper insight into its programs. Therefore, policymakers and regulators will be able to introduce better tools for eradicating poverty, based on this new knowledge.
Household poverty dynamics in tribal Madhya Pradesh, India: A case study of 54 villages
Authors: Kumar Rishi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI study the time path of households' poverty, as well as determinants of mobility in and out of poverty in rural India. The research combines qualitative and quantitative data collected from tribal settlements of rural Kesla block of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Methodologically, we build on the “stages of progress” framework and additionally conduct a transition matrix analysis of mobility using participatory data. Nonpoor but vulnerable households are identified using two cut‐offs: a poverty line and a prosperity line. The main finding is that factors lifting households out of poverty differ from those factors that cause a fall into poverty and the same is also true for reasons behind poverty persistence. Hence, the design of public policy interventions to alleviate chronic poverty and facilitate households' graduation out of poverty need to be different, taking into consideration various factors at play.
Physical therapists demonstrate clinical behaviors consistent with established clinical practice guidelines in managing individuals following amputation
Authors: Bernal Salcedo Jeremy , Treacy Daniel , Noblet Tim , Scrivener Katharine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeInvestigating physical therapy in amputation management offers insights into clinical practice. This study explores the self‐reported clinical practice of physical therapists in amputation management and compares it to established clinical practice guidelines to determine whether physical therapists are delivering care that is considered recommended clinical practice.MethodAn online survey of Australian physical therapists with limited or extensive experience in managing individuals following amputation.ResultsA total of 110 responses were received. The majority of Australian physical therapists (83%) reported their skills were adequate however, reported a lack of professional development opportunities. Physical therapists reported coordinating care with other health and medical professionals across all phases of care. They report providing comprehensive care in the following areas: residual limb management, pain management, falls prevention, education, counselling, psychological and peer support, and discharge planning. The majority of physical therapists were not aware if a comprehensive care plan was in place following a transition of care from a previous health service.DiscussionOverall, physical therapists displayed clinical practice meeting the guidelines across most areas of amputation management. Future research into alternate data collection of clinical practice, and the development of physical therapy‐specific clinical practice guidelines is needed.
Review of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment response
Authors: Wong Kwun Lam , Cheng Ka Hei , Lam Sai Kit , Liu Chenyang , Cai Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy endemic in South‐East Asia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used for prompt detection of treatment response before visible morphological changes in NPC treatment. Among different fMRI techniques, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) were proved to be more successful in NPC treatment response assessment whilst the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) remains questionable. Apart from discussing the imaging technique, time points for post‐treatment response assessments are recommended. Four instead of three months is recommended for prompt identification of non‐ or partial responders and 6–9 months post‐treatment multiparametric MRI is also recommended for effective confirmation of complete responding individuals to avoid residual disease. For future advancement, in addition to the post‐treatment response assessment, continuous or longitudinal assessment on the treatment response with the use of magnetic resonance simulator (MR‐simulator) or magnetic resonace imaging guided linear accelerator (MR‐Linac) tailor‐made for radiotherapy (RT) maybe feasible. Longitudinal assessments or predictive radiomics modeling allow spotting out the possibility of treatment failure before the completion or even before the start of treatments. Adaptive instead of salvage treatments can then be prepared, thus reducing the damage and side effects of consecutive cytotoxic treatments.
Mortality dynamics of a polyphagous invasive herbivore reveal clues in its agroecosystem success
Authors: Naranjo Steven E. , Cañas Luis , Ellsworth Peter C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe population dynamics of polyphagous pests such as Bemisia argentifolii (B. tabaci MEAM1) are governed by complex, interacting factors involving its cultivated and wild host plants, seasonality, movement and demography. To understand mechanisms contributing to population development and pest success within the agroecosystem, contiguous multi‐host field sites were established in three environmentally distinct areas in Arizona. Life tables quantified and partition models described mortality sources and rates for immature insect stages on each host plant.RESULTSPredation and dislodgement were the largest sources of marginal mortality, supplied the highest irreplaceable mortality and predation was the key factor. Rates of mortality were best predicted, in order, by source, temperature, host plant and season. Marginal mortality was highest for fourth‐stage nymphs followed by eggs. Mortality rates were predicted in descending order by stage, temperature and season. Survivorship patterns varied among host plants, and generational mortality averaged 70% on spring cantaloupes but nearly 95% on all other hosts. Population density varied seasonally, persisting at low levels on winter hosts and expanding beginning in the spring; perennial hosts and weeds bridge populations year‐round.CONCLUSIONSurvival on winter hosts such as broccoli, albeit low, enables population continuity, whereas unusually high survivorship on spring crops like cantaloupe is an ecological release propelling population growth and driving regional dynamics in the summer and fall. This detailed understanding of mortality dynamics provides clues to the success of this invasive pest in our agroecosystems and facilitates opportunities for improved pest management at a broader landscape scale. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Functional characterization of MoSdhB in conferring resistance to pydiflumetofen in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Liu Shiyi , Ma Ji , Jiang Bingxin , Yang Guogen , Guo Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice (Oryza sativa) is an important cereal crop around the world, and has constantly been threaten by the most destructive fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Pydiflumetofen, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), is currently being used for controlling various fungal diseases. However, the potential resistance risk of M. oryzae to pydiflumetofen has remained unclear to date, and finding the resistance mechanism is critical for the usage of this fungicide.RESULTSThe M. oryzae strain Guy11 is sensitive to pydiflumetofen, with EC50 value of 1.24 μg mL−1. 58 pydiflumetofen‐resistant (PR) mutants were obtained through pydiflumetofen‐induced spontaneous mutation, with a mean EC50 value >500 μg mL −1, and the resistance factor (RF) >400. The PR mutants displayed positive cross‐resistance to carboxin, but were more sensitive to fluopyram. Sequencing analysis showed that all PR mutants presented a cytosine‐to‐thymine transition at nucleotide position +1218, resulting in a replacement of histidine 245 by tyrosine (H245Y) on MoSdhB. The mutation of MoSdhB exhibited strong resistant phenotype, but no detectable growth deficits in fungal development, including vegetative growth and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. An allele‐specific PCR for rapid detection of the H245Y mutants was established in M. oryzae.CONCLUSIONThe M. oryzae is sensitive to pydiflumetofen, and shows a medium to high resistance risk to pydiflumetofen. A point mutation of MoSdhB (H245Y) is responsible for the fungal resistance to pydiflumetofen in M. oryzae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Monitoring shallow coral reef exposure to environmental stressors using satellite earth observation: the reef environmental stress exposure toolbox (RESET)
Authors: Williamson Michael J. , Tebbs Emma J. , Dawson Terence P. , Thompson Henry J. , Head Catherine E. I. , Jacoby David M. P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoral reefs are significantly threatened by multiple environmental stressors associated with climate change. While there is growing recognition of the importance of interacting stressors on coral reefs, so far this has been primarily limited to in situ studies. Satellite remote sensing has potential for investigating coral reef exposure to multiple environmental stressors at a global scale over multiple years; however, current satellite monitoring is primarily focused on thermal stress. Here we collate nine environmental variables (cloud cover, current, depth, salinity, wind, and four sea surface temperature‐based metrics) from readily available satellite datasets using the Google Earth Engine geospatial processing platform. Using ecological and health‐based thresholds obtained from the literature, we developed, using fuzzy logic (discontinuous functions), a Reef Environmental Stress Exposure Toolbox (RESET) for monitoring environmental stress exposure at multiple scales. Stress exposure scores for 3157 reefs were generated and mapped globally across 12 coral reef ecosystem regions. RESET was also applied to three case‐study reefs, previously well monitored for stress and disturbance using other methods. PCA analysis indicated that depth, current, sea surface temperature (SST) and SST anomaly accounted for the greatest contribution to the variance in environmental stress exposure in these three regions. Depth, degree heating weeks, and SST anomaly were identified as the potential drivers of inter‐ and intra‐region variation in environmental stress exposure. Individual variables were then integrated into a multi‐metric index of combined stress exposure which corroborated temporal and spatial differences due to known disturbance events. RESET provides a open access, easily interpretable set of tools and associated indices for monitoring environmental stress exposure on coral reefs, designed to inform conservation and management decisions. As such RESET has broad potential to assist in the monitoring of our increasingly imperilled coral ecosystems, in particular, those that are remote or inaccessible.
Multivariate methods with feature wavebands selection and stratified calibration for soil organic carbon content prediction by Vis‐NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Jun , Guo Daqian , Li Guo , Guo Xi , Zhong Liang , Zhu Qing , Guo Jiaxin , Ye Yingcong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisible–near‐infrared (Vis‐NIR) spectroscopy is increasingly used to predict soil organic carbon (SOC) content. However, the prediction accuracy of this technology is dependent on model selection and study scale. This study explored the roles of spectral variable selection and stratified calibration based on soil type in Vis‐NIR spectroscopy for predicting SOC content at a provincial scale. A total of 490 samples, collected in Jiangxi Province (southeast China), were used for modeling with partial least squares regression, support vector machine, random forests, and back‐propagation neural network (BPNN). The feature wavebands of soil samples were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and a stratified calibration was conducted based on soil type. The results showed that CARS‐based models outperformed models with full wavebands in predicting the SOC content. The CARS‐BPNN model combined with stratified calibration showed the best prediction performance for total soils (validation set R2 = .82, which was .21 higher than that of BPNN based on global calibration). This study established an accurate method to predict SOC content from provincial‐scale spectral data using the CARS‐BPNN model coupled with stratified calibration based on soil type.
Energy transition and environmental quality prospects in leading emerging economies: The role of environmental‐related technological innovation
Authors: Onifade Stephen Taiwo , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe world has witnessed a significant rise in greenhouse gas emissions since the end of the 20th century as several economies begin to emerge into industrial hubs and manufacturing giants across the globe. Thus, in the wake of global interest in clean energy development and campaign for sustainable climate and ecosystem, the role of the emerging countries in the debate is unarguably vital and demanding. Importantly, this study seeks to examine the commitment of the leading emerging countries (E7) of Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey to energy transition and carbon‐neutral 2050. We employ the cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag approach that accounts for potential country‐specific factors to examine the role of environmental‐related technological innovations (ERT) in achieving climate neutrality in the E7 over the period from 1992 to 2018. Notably, the findings revealed that a 1 percent increase in ERT yields ~0.33% (short‐run) and ~ 0.17% (long‐run) reductions in carbon emission, thus suggesting that the E7 economies could be heading toward environmental sustainability with the application of ERT. Additionally, the result revealed that the application of ERT in the energy utilization profile significantly reduced the undesirable impact of primary energy utilization. However, the result showed that such an impact is not enough to trigger a transition to environmentally desirable cleaner energy that could mitigate carbon emissions. This is because the larger share of the E7 countries' primary energy utilization is from conventional and/or non‐renewable energy sources. The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is also validated.
Construction of hydrophobic lauric acid film on aluminum alloy and its corrosion resistance mechanism
Authors: Wang Qi , Cao Yijun , Li Jiaojiao , Li Jiaping , Shang Wei , Peng Ning , Chen Tianfeng , Liao Qun , Wen Yuqing 
Published: May 2022

6061 aluminum alloy is one of the light metal materials, which has the advantages of good elasticity and lightweight. However, aluminum alloy is susceptible to corrosion in industrial applications. Therefore, in this paper, we successfully prepared an organic lauric acid film on the surface of aluminum alloy by electrodeposition. The film was characterized by SEM, EDS, WCA, XPS, EIS, FT‐IR, and neutral salt spray test. According to the results of the EIS test, impedance value has increased by two orders of magnitude compared to the substrate, and corrosion current density reached 8.51 × 10−7 A/cm2. The salt spray test was conducted for 192 h before the corrosion point appeared, indicating that the film have better anticorrosion ion permeability. Calculated chemical results show that COOH of lauric acid is the dominant reaction group and the carboxyl group is near the aluminum alloy surface for the reaction equilibrium state, which provide a theoretical basis for the study of the film.
Coupling Fe3C Nanoparticles and N‐Doping on Wood‐Derived Carbon to Construct Reversible Cathode for Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Cao Mengmeng , Liu Yanyan , Sun Kang , Li Heng , Lin Xiaoqian , Zhang Pengxiang , Zhou Limin , Wang Ao , Mehdi Sehrish , Wu Xianli , Jiang Jianchun , Li Baojun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of oxygen plays a critical role in emerging electrochemical energy technologies. Multiple electron transfer processes, involving adsorption and activation of O2 and generation of protons from water molecules, cause the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a double‐active‐site catalyst of Fe3C nanoparticles coupled to paulownia wood‐derived N‐doped carbon (Fe3C@NPW) is fabricated via an active‐site‐uniting strategy. One site on Fe3C nanoparticles contributes to activating water molecules, while another site on N‐doped carbon is responsible for activating oxygen molecules. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of double active sites, Fe3C@NPW delivers a remarkable catalytic activity for ORR with a half‐wave potential of 0.87 V (vs. RHE) in alkaline electrolyte, outperforming commercial Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, zinc–air batteries (ZABs) assembled with Fe3C@NPW as a catalyst on cathode achieve a large specific capacity of 804.4 mA h gZn−1 and a long‐term stability of 780 cycles. The model solid‐state ZABs also display satisfactory performances with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.39 V and a high peak power density of 78 mW cm−2. These outstanding performances reach the level of first‐rank among the non‐noble metal electrode materials. This work offers a promising approach to creating double‐active‐site catalysts by the active‐site‐uniting strategy for energy conversion fields.