bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new equation for correlation of clinical and radiological factors affecting multifidus muscle degeneration in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Libda Nesma Ibrahim , Bessar Ahmed Awad , Fahmy Hadeer , El Sammak Ahmed Abd El Aziz , Tantawy Heba Fathy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Multifidus muscle (MF) is one of the back muscles of the spine that is involved in the pathogenesis of low back pain. Its role as a stabilizer of the spine continues to present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The degree of MF degeneration is dependent on multiple clinical and radiological factors. We proposed a new equation to predict MF degeneration based upon clinical and radiological changes in magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods
Clinical factors associated with MF degeneration include visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, body mass index, duration of complaint, age of the patients and the presence of sciatica. Other radiological factors include the number of disc pathologies, neural canal stenosis and facet joint arthropathies, by building a module of a univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis for the parameters affecting MF degeneration score as a dependent variable.

Results
Regarding the univariate and multivariate linear regression for factors affecting MF degeneration, the most common factors associated with increased multifidus score were the duration in years and VAS score in the multivariate analysis model with B value equal to 0.184 according to duration in years and equal to 0.287 with VAS score according to 95% confidence interval.

Conclusion
The equation for multifidus score is a helpful method to predict the degree of MF degeneration in relation to clinical variable.
The value of chemical shift imaging and T1-Dixon MRI in evaluation of structural changes in sacroiliac joint in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Allam Mohammad Fouad Abdel-Baki , Isaac Kristen Rafat El-Komos Gerges , Ismail Ahmed Hamed , Ragaee Sara Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of dual gradient-echo T1-weighted sequence (in phase and out of phase) and the related Dixon images in evaluation of structural changes observed in sacroiliac joint in patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. Forty patients with low back pain were included in the study; they underwent T1-Dixon and routine MRI study on the sacroiliac joint in addition to pelvic CT.

Results
This study was carried out on forty patients, 27 (67.5%) males and 13 (32.5%) females, their mean age was 34.93 ± 11.21 years, and mean duration of symptoms was 8.1 ± 7.4 years. The mean Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score ASDAS value was 4.03 ± 0.85 years. The most common structural change was subchondral fat deposition. Dixon MRI was significantly superior to T1WI in simple quantification of the amount of fat with P = 0.036 and excellent inter-rater reliability (96%), P = 0.0001. The number of erosions/backfills detected on Dixon was higher than that detected in T1WI with higher accuracy (97.5%) and excellent inter-rater reliability (95%), P = 0.0001. ASDAS showed significant positive correlation with erosion/backfill (r = 69, P = 0.0001) and with maximal fat deposition detected on Dixon (r = 32, P = 0.044). There were significant difference between the patients having high ASDAS and others having very high ASDAS scores regarding the sub-articular sclerosis (P = 0.013).

Conclusion
3D T1-based Dixon is a helpful imaging technique in proper assessment of different structural changes in sacroiliitis, its integration into routine MR protocol is recommend as it could yield a better depiction of erosive/backfill and fat deposition.
Isotropic radiative transfer as a phase space process: Lorentz covariant Green's functions and first-passage times
Authors: Rossetto Vincent 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The solutions of the radiative transfer equation, known for the energy density, do not satisfy the fundamental transitivity property for Green's functions expressed by Chapman-Kolmogorov's relation. I show that this property is retrieved by considering the radiance distribution in phase space. Exact solutions are obtained in one and two dimensions as probability density functions of continous-time persistent random walks, the Fokker-Planck equation of which is the radiative transfer equation. The expected property of Lorentz covariance is verified. I also discuss the measured signal from a pulse source in one dimension, which is a first-passage time distribution, and unveil an effective random delay when the pulse is emitted away from the observer.
Chick cranial neural crest cells release extracellular vesicles that are critical for their migration
Authors: Gustafson Callie M. , Roffers-Agarwal Julaine , Gammill Laura S. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The content and activity of extracellular vesicles purified from cell culture media or bodily fluids have been studied extensively; however, the physiological relevance of exosomes within normal biological systems is poorly characterized, particularly during development. Although exosomes released by invasive metastatic cells alter migration of neighboring cells in culture, it is unclear whether cancer cells misappropriate exosomes released by healthy differentiated cells or reactivate dormant developmental programs that include exosome cell–cell communication. Using chick cranial neural fold cultures, we show that migratory neural crest cells, a developmentally critical cell type and model for metastasis, release and deposit CD63-positive 30–100 nm particles into the extracellular environment. Neural crest cells contain ceramide-rich multivesicular bodies and produce larger vesicles positive for migrasome markers as well. We conclude that neural crest cells produce extracellular vesicles including exosomes and migrasomes. When Rab27a plasma membrane docking is inhibited, neural crest cells become less polarized and rounded, leading to a loss of directional migration and reduced speed. These results indicate that neural crest cell exosome release is critical for migration.
Research on the Efficient Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Useful Bioactive Polycyclic Compounds
Authors: Nakada Masahisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Useful bioactive polycyclic natural products are important targets in academic research, wherein their mechanisms of action and total syntheses are commonly investigated. In addition, polycyclic compounds that exhibit highly selective biological activities through multipoint recognition are valuable as biochemical reagents and lead compounds for pharmaceuticals. However, when such compounds are difficult to obtain, their supply depends on appropriate chemical preparations. Unfortunately, polycyclic natural products pose difficult synthetic problems, such as the construction of distorted ring structures, contiguous stereogenic centers, and quaternary asymmetric carbon atoms in their fused ring moieties. Moreover, since polycyclic natural products have a large number of bonds, their total syntheses inevitably become multi-step procedures, and when enantioselective total synthesis is required, the number of steps tends to increase, since such routes require the use of commercially available chiral compounds. Hence, their efficient total synthesis is challenging. In our group, we have demonstrated the preparation of chiral synthetic intermediates, especially those bearing a quaternary stereogenic center, through novel asymmetric catalysis procedures, as well as the incorporation of logically designed cascade reactions to reduce the number of transformations. This route can ultimately lead to the efficient enantioselective total syntheses of useful bioactive polycyclic natural products.
Duration of dry and humidified incubation of single-step embryo culture medium and oxygen tension during sham culture do not alter medium composition.
Authors: Cheredath Aswathi , Uppangala Shubhashree , Asampille Gitanjali , Lakshmi R. Vani , Joseph David , Raval Keyur , Gowda G. A. Nagana , Kalthur Guruprasad , Adiga Satish Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background: The extended embryo culture using single-step medium gained popularity in clinical in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, there are concerns about the degradation of unstable medium components and their negative effects on the developing embryos. Further, dry-incubation can increase osmolality, which can in-turn enhance the concentration of constituents of the media and their stability. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the immediate changes in the culture media constituents in relation to clinically comparable situations such as single-step extended embryo culture and use of dry and humidified-incubation in two-different gaseous conditions. Methods: Commercially available single-step medium was sham-cultured in droplets under oil in two different conditions viz. dry (37°C; 6%CO 2; 5%O 2) and humidified (37°C; 6% CO 2; atmospheric O 2) for 0h, 72h, and 120h intervals. Droplets were subjected to the sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based profiling using 800 MHz NMR equipped with a cryogenically cooled micro-coil (1.7mm) probe. NMR profile of the embryo culture medium between the two groups were comprehensively assessed. Results: A total of ten amino acids and four energy substrates were identified from the culture medium. The medium constituents identified showed a non-significant increase in the dry-incubation group at 72h and then declined at 120h. Humidified incubation had no effects on the level of the identified medium constituents until 120h. No significant differences in the levels of medium constituents identified were observed between the dry and humidified-groups at various time-points tested. Conclusions: A non-significant variation in the levels of medium constituents observed in the dry-incubation of single-step medium most unlikely to influence a clinical outcome. However, the impact of these subtle changes on the (epi)genetic integrity of the embryos in a clinical set-up to be addressed.
Bacterial and fungal co-infections among ICU COVID-19 hospitalized patients in a Palestinian hospital: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Naseef Hani A. , Mohammad Ula , Al-Shami Nimeh , Sahoury Yousef , Abukhalil Abdallah D. , Dreidi Mutaz , Alsahouri Ibrahim , Farraj Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Background: Diagnosis of co-infections with multiple pathogens among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can be jointly challenging and essential for appropriate treatment, shortening hospital stays and preventing antimicrobial resistance. This study proposes to investigate the burden of bacterial and fungal co-infections outcomes on COVID-19 patients. It is a single center cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Beit-Jala hospital in Palestine. Methods: The study included 321 hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU between June 2020 and March 2021 aged ≥20 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay conducted on a nasopharyngeal swab. The patient's information was gathered using graded data forms from electronic medical reports. Results: The diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infection was proved through the patient’s clinical presentation and positive blood or sputum culture results. All cases had received empirical antimicrobial therapy before the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and different regimens during the ICU stay. The rate of bacterial co-infection was 51.1%, mainly from gram-negative isolates (Enterobacter species and K.pneumoniae). The rate of fungal co-infection caused by A.fumigatus was 48.9%, and the mortality rate was 8.1%. However, it is unclear if it had been attributed to SARS-CoV-2 or coincidental. Conclusions: Bacterial and fungal co-infection is common among COVID-19 patients at the ICU in Palestine, but it is not obvious if these cases are attributed to SARS-CoV-2 or coincidental, because little data is available to compare it with the rates of secondary infection in local ICU departments before the pandemic. Comprehensively, those conclusions present data supporting a conservative antibiotic administration for severely unwell COVID-19 infected patients. Our examination regarding the impacts of employing antifungals to manage COVID-19 patients can work as a successful reference for future COVID-19 therapy.
Case Report: Godoy & Godoy method of cervical lymphatic therapy – indirect evaluation of the effect of the duration of stimulation on ocular edema
Authors: Pereira de Godoy Jose Maria , Pereira de Godoy Henrique Jose , Pereira de Godoy Ana Carolina , Guerreiro Godoy Maria de Fatima 
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study is to report the indirect evaluation of cervical stimulation considering the effect of the duration of the stimulus on the control of intraocular pressure in a patient with bilateral glaucoma with important ocular edema. A 47-year-old woman reported the onset of pain and bilateral tearing in the eyes at 35 years of age and was diagnosed with glaucoma. The patient began clinical treatment, but intraocular pressure remained 35 to 40 mmHg even with the use of four eye medications in the form of drops. The patient reported that her vision was always blurred despite the use of the eyedrops. The patient was submitted to the Godoy & Godoy method of cervical lymphatic therapy to reduce the edema. The ophthalmologist measured her intraocular pressure every two and three days. We found that the pressure was maintained below 20 mmHg when lymphatic therapy was performed every two days, but intraocular pressure increased and the vision became blurred when therapy was performed every three days. The Godoy & Godoy method of cervical lymphatic therapy constitutes a novel lymphatic system stimulation strategy that maintains its effect on intraocular pressure for approximately 48 hours, as demonstrated through an indirect evaluation.
Changes in children’s wellbeing in Bradford during COVID-19: The Born in Bradford COVID-19 longitudinal research study
Authors: Pybus Katie , Kelly Brian , Hou Bo , Ajebon Mildred , McIvor Claire , Bingham Daniel , McEachan Rosemary , Pickett Kate E. , Dickerson Josie 
Published: May 2022

Background: Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of COVID-19 and associated lockdown measures on child mental wellbeing, but emerging evidence suggests mixed results and there is a dearth of information from ethnically diverse samples. The current study aims to explore the impact of the pandemic on wellbeing using longitudinal data collected from the multi-ethnic Born in Bradford family cohort study. Methods: Within-child changes in wellbeing were explored using data collected pre-pandemic and again during the first UK lockdown for 500 children aged 7-13 from a range of ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, using self-reported feelings of happiness and sadness. Associations between changes in wellbeing, demographic factors, quality of social relationships and physical activity levels were explored using multinomial logistic regression models. Results: In this sample, 55% of children reported no change in their wellbeing from pre-pandemic to during the first lockdown (n=264). Children of Pakistani heritage were more than twice as likely to report feeling sad less often than White British children (RRR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.23, 5.51) during the first lockdown. Those who reported being left out by other children before the pandemic were over three times as likely than those who did not (RRR: 3.72: 1.51, 9.20) to report feeling sad less often during the pandemic. Around a third of children reported feeling happier (n=152, 31.6%), but these changes did not relate to any of the explanatory variables included in this analysis. Conclusion: Many children in this study reported no changes in their wellbeing during the first UK lockdown compared to before the pandemic and some described improved wellbeing. These findings suggest that children have coped well with the significant changes over the past year, though targeted support, particularly for those children who felt excluded before the pandemic, would be beneficial.
„Take it Easy – Eine qualitative Untersuchung digitaler Stressoren und Stressbewältigungsmaßnahmen im Homeoffice“
Authors: Reßing Caroline , Zeuge Anna , Arenz Robin , Baumgart Thorben Lukas , Schneider Dominik Jan , Niehaves Björn 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Verständnis zur Nutzung von Kommunikations- und Informationstechnologien (IKT) am Homeoffice Arbeitsplatz ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Bewältigung des laufenden Wandels des hybriden Arbeitens. In den letzten Jahren wurden zwölf digitale Stressoren am Arbeitsplatz identifiziert, welche zu zunehmenden neuen Lösungen in der Arbeitswelt und in den Maßnahmen der Stressbewältigung führen. Die bisherige Forschung hat aber noch nicht geklärt, inwieweit sich die digitalen Stressoren im Homeoffice verändert haben und welche neuen Wege der Stressbewältigungsmaßnahmen die Arbeitgeber:innen und Arbeitnehmer:innen gehen sollten. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, ist ein qualitativer Ansatz gewählt worden, um die bisherigen zwölf digitalen Stressoren auch im Homeoffice-Kontext zu revalidieren, abzulehnen oder neue Stressoren zu finden. Hierfür wurden zwanzig Interviews mit Personen im Homeoffice geführt. Die Studie konnte elf der zwölf digitalen Stressoren auch im Homeoffice feststellen, welche ähnliche, aber auch neue Wirkungsweisen aufzeigen. Dabei zeigt die Arbeit, dass der digitale Stressor „Jobunsicherheit“ im Homeoffice-Kontext nicht festgestellt werden konnte, stattdessen konnte ein neuer Stressor „Fehlende soziale Verbundenheit“ für die Arbeit im Homeoffice identifiziert werden.
Rocket Sled Based High Speed Rail Track Test Facilities
Authors: Walia Shilpa , Satya Vikrant , Malik Sandeep , Chander Subhash , Devi Sonu , Sharma A C 
Published: May 2022

The present study introduces and compares several high-speed track based ground test facilities available all over the world to simulate high-speed dynamic events for selected portions of flight trajectories. The scope of performing high speed flight-testing is addressed, which is followed by the requirements of these track based test facilities. The facilities deliver flight test articles under controlled conditions to achieve high velocity impact, acceleration, aerodynamic and other related testing for small and large test articles depending upon the requirements. Sled is designed in such a way so that it can carry the test articles like aircrafts, payloads, warheads, missiles and many other ballistic systems to achieve high velocities ranging from subsonic to hypersonic by accelerating these sleds using solid rocket motors over the rail track. Such facilities provide instrumentation for large set of trial data acquisition and offline analysis for both recovery and non- recovery (impact) trials, which makes such facilities important for test, research and evaluation purposes.
Here, the detailed description of test facilities, which are available in many countries such as India, United States (US), Japan, United Kingdom (UK), France, and others countries based on their technical characteristics is presented. Additionally, a brief history and introduction into basic rocket sled test facility aspects, essential technical characteristics and major features to support high speed testing at these facilities as an accurate testing technique based on quality of construction and engineering design are also covered in this paper. Compilation of available or under development facilities is done in one place which provides the information about facilities’ technological gaps. The paper concludes with an explanation of the role, major capabilities and limitations of these test facilities in the present global scenario.
Identifikasi Spesies Mikroalga dari BBPBAP Jepara secara Morfologi dan Molekuler menggunakan 18S rDNA
Authors: Gildantia Elke , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Budiharjo Anto , Suprihadi Agung , Zainuri Muhammad , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti 
Published: May 2022

Mikroalga merupakan organisme eukariot bersel satu yang habitatnya berada di perairan. Suatu spesies mikroalga koleksi kultur BBPBAP Jepara berpotensi menghasilkan astaxantin dalam jumlah tinggi. Namun, spesies ini belum di karakterisasi secara molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh karakter morfologi dan molekuler pada isolat mikroalga dari BBPBAP Jepara menggunakan 18S rDNA guna memastikan spesies untuk pengembangan potensinya. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi kultivasi mikroalga, pengamatan pola pertumbuhan, pengamatan morfologi, isolasi DNA, amplifikasi menggunakan marka 18S rDNA, elektroforesis, analisis data sekuens, dan filogenetik menggunakan aplikasi NJ Plot dan MEGA 7. Hasil karakterisasi secara morfologi sel isolat mikroalga BBPBAP Jepara memperlihatkan bentuk bulat, berwarna hijau dengan ukuran 4,5 μm, tidak memiliki flagela, dan motilitas yang pasif. Hasil karakterisasi molekuler menggunakan 18S rDNA dari isolat mikroalga BBPBAP memperlihatkan kemiripan tertinggi dengan Chlorella sorokiniana sebesar 99%. Microalgae are single-celled eukariyotic organisms whose habitat is in the waters. A species of microalgae from the Jepara BBPBAP culture collection was potential to produce high amounts of astaxantin. However, this species has not been detected molecularly previously. This study aimed to obtain the morphological and molecular characters of microalgae isolates from BBPBAP Jepara using 18S rDNA to ascertain the species and its potential development. The stages of the research carried out include; microalgae cultivation, growth pattern observation, morphological observation, DNA isolation, amplification using 18S rDNA markers, electrophoresis, sequence data analysis, and phylogenetic using NJ Plot and MEGA applications 7. Results of morphological characterization of the Jepara BBPBAP showed that cell of microalgae isolates had a round shape, green color with a size of 4.5μm, has no flagella and passive motility. The results of the molecular characterization using 18S rDNA showed that isolate BBPBAP had highest similarity with Chlorella sorokiniana about 99%.