bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of complex multicellularity in animals
Authors: Nejad Kourki Arsham 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe transition to multicellularity is perhaps the best-studied of the “major evolutionary transitions”. It has occurred independently multiple times within the eukaryotes alone, and multicellular organisms comprise virtually the entirety of Earth’s macrobiota. However, the theoretical framework used to study the major evolutionary transitions does not neatly accommodate the evolution of complex multicellularity as a process distinct from the evolution of multicellularity more generally. Here, I attempt to fill this explanatory gap. I will first give an overview of research on the major evolutionary transitions, focusing on multicellularity, and demonstrate that the theoretical framework so far utilised does not provide us with sufficient conceptual tools to explain crucial phenomena that call for explanation, such as the evolution of organs and organ systems. I will then discuss our current understanding of early metazoan evolution as paradigmatically exemplifying the evolution of complex organisation in a multicellular system, specifically regarding three core processes enabling it, namelymodularisation,subfunctionalisation, andintegration, allowing the provision of a general account of the evolution of complex from simple multicellularity that is potentially applicable to other such cases such as the evolution of land plants. This paves the way for a revised account of major evolutionary transitions which incorporates the evolution of complex organismal traits following the evolution of minimal autonomous reproducers while marking a shift of emphasis from reproducers to organisms.
Purely linear response of the quantum Hall current to space-adiabatic perturbations
Authors: Marcelli Giovanna , Monaco Domenico 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing recently developed tools from space-adiabatic perturbation theory, in particular the construction of a non-equilibrium almost-stationary state, we give a new proof that the Kubo formula for the Hall conductivity remains valid beyond the linear response regime. In particular, we prove that, in quantum Hall systems and Chern insulators, the transverse response current is quantized up to any order in the strength of the inducing electric field. The latter is introduced as a perturbation to a periodic, spectrally gapped equilibrium Hamiltonian by means of a linear potential; existing proofs of the exactness of Kubo formula rely instead on a time-dependent magnetic potential. The result applies to both continuum and discrete crystalline systems modelling the quantum (anomalous) Hall effect.
Do medium and Context Matter when learning from multiple complementary Digital texts and videos?
Authors: Mason Lucia , Tarchi Christian , Ronconi Angelica , Manzione Lucia , Latini Natalia , Bråten Ivar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudents more than ever learn from online sources, such as digital texts or videos. Little research has compared processes and outcomes across these two mediums. Using a between-participants experimental design, this study investigated whether medium (texts vs. videos) and context (less authoritative vs. more authoritative), independently and in concert, affected students’ engagement, integrated understanding, and calibration. The two mediums presented identical information on the topic of social media, which was distributed across two complementary texts in the text condition and across two complementary videos in the video condition. In the less authoritative context, the two information sources (texts or videos) were posted by a friend on Facebook; in the more authoritative context, the same information sources (texts or videos) were posted by a professor on Moodle. Results showed a main effect of medium on behavioral engagement in terms of processing time, as students used longer time watching the two videos than reading the two digital texts. No other main medium or context effects were statistically significant; nor were there any interaction effects of medium with context on any of the outcome variables. The findings are discussed in light of the alternative hypotheses that guided the study and the directions it suggests for future research.
Mobile service robots for the operating room wing: balancing cost and performance by optimizing robotic fleet size and composition
Authors: Bernhard Lukas , Amalanesan Antony Francis , Baumann Oskar , Rothmeyer Florian , Hafner Yannic , Berlet Maximilian , Wilhelm Dirk , Knoll Alois 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Integrating fleets of mobile service robots into the operating room wing (OR wing) has the potential to help overcome staff shortages and reduce the amount of dull or unhealthy tasks for humans. However, the OR wing has been little studied in this regard and the requirements for realizing this vision have not yet been fully identified. This includes fundamental aspects such as fleet size and composition, which we have now studied comprehensively for the first time.

Methods
Using simulation, 150 different scenarios with varying fleet compositions, robot speeds and workloads were studied for a setup based on a real-life OR wing. The simulation included battery recharging cycles and queueing due to shared resources.

Results
For all simulated scenarios we report results regarding total duration of execution, average task response times and fleet utilization. The relationship between these performance measures and global scenario parameters—such as fleet size, fleet composition, robot velocity and the number of operating rooms to be served—is visualized.

Conclusion
Our simulation-based studies have proven to be a valuable tool for individualized dimensioning of mobile robotic fleets, based on realistic workflows and environmental models. Thereby, important implications for future developments of mobile robots have been identified and a basis of decision-making regarding fleet size, fleet composition, robot capabilities and robot velocities can be provided. Due to costs, space limitations and safety requirements, these aspects must be carefully considered to successfully integrate mobile robotic technology into real-world OR wing environments.
The Role of Props in Promoting Imagination during Toddlerhood
Authors: Yonzon Kulsum Chishti , Fleer Marilyn , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Rai Prabhat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKnowing how children become oriented to imaginary play can help educators in centres better support development. But how this begins in the first years of life is not well understood. How toddlers transform through their imagination concrete objects (such as play accessories, figurines, and books) to become props in play (placeholders and pivots) for conveying meaning, remains low. Drawing upon cultural-historical theory, the study reported in this paper sought to understand the role of props for supporting the development of imagination during toddlerhood. Four toddlers aged 1.9–2.1 years from an early childhood centre in Australia were followed as they used objects as props during imaginary play. The study design was an educational experiment of a Conceptual Play World (CPW): a collective model of practice for developing play and imagination. Digital data of the CPW being implemented in the toddler room were collected through video recordings over two months. Thirteen hours of data were collected and analysed using the Vygotskian concepts of play and imagination. The findings revealed that through differentiated use of props, toddlers made transitions from the embodiment of the experience to sharing an intellectual and abstract space where objects became props in play, suggesting the genesis and development of early forms of imagination. The outcomes of the study advance theory and inform practice about the early development of imagination in toddlerhood.
Recommendations for a balanced approach to supporting academic integrity: perspectives from a survey of students, faculty, and tutors
Authors: Kier Cheryl A. , Ives Cindy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaintaining academic integrity is a growing concern for higher education, increasingly so due to the pivot to remote learning in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We canvassed students, faculty, and tutors at an online Canadian university about their perspectives on academic integrity and misconduct. The survey asked how the university could improve policies concerning issues of academic integrity, how faculty and tutors handled cases of misconduct, about satisfaction with how academic violations were treated, and about the role of students, faculty, and tutors in encouraging academic integrity. As well, we collected suggestions from respondents for reducing cheating, addressing academic misconduct, and general ideas about academic integrity. The distinction between misconduct and integrity was not always clear in their comments. We received responses from 228 students and 73 faculty and tutors, generating hundreds of comments. In this paper we focus only on the answers to open-ended questions. Using content analysis, we categorized the replies into similar threads. After multiple iterations of analysis, we extracted three general recommendation groupings: Policy and Procedures, Compliance and Commitment, and Resources. Based on respondents’ views, we propose a balanced approach to supporting academic integrity. Although we conducted the study pre-COVID-19, the recommendations apply to current and future academic integrity practices in our context and beyond.
When Fixed and Random Effects Mismatch: Another Case of Inflation of Evidence in Non-Maximal Models
Authors: Veríssimo João 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMixed-effects models that include both fixed and random effects are widely used in the cognitive sciences because they are particularly suited to the analysis of clustered data. However, testing hypotheses about fixed effects in the presence of random effects is far from straightforward and a set of best practices is still lacking. In the target article, van Doorn et al. (Computational Brain & Behavior, 2022) examined how Bayesian hypothesis testing with mixed-effects models is impacted by particular model specifications. Here, I extend their work to the more complex case of multiple correlated predictors, such as a predictor of interest and a covariate. I show how non-maximal models can display ‘mismatches’ between fixed and random effects, which occur when a model includes random slopes for the effect of interest, but fails to include them for those predictors that correlate with the effect of interest. Bayesian model comparisons with synthetic data revealed that such mismatches can lead to an underestimation of random variance and to inflated Bayes factors. I provide specific recommendations for resolving mismatches of this type: fitting maximal models, eliminating correlations between predictors, and residualising the random effects. Data and code are publicly available in an OSF repository at https://osf.io/njaup.
A dataset of temperature, humidity, and liquid water path retrievals from a network of ground-based microwave radiometers dedicated to fog investigation
Authors: Martinet Pauline , Unger Vinciane , Burnet Frédéric , Georgis Jean-François , Hervo Maxime , Huet Thierry , Löhnert Ulrich , Miller Eugene , Orlandi Emiliano , Price Jeremy , Schröder Mathias , Thomas Guillaume 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe database presented in this study has been acquired during the SOuth west FOGs 3D (SOFOG3D) experiment for processes study. This international campaign led by Météo-France during the winter 2019–2020 aimed at deploying a unique network of both in situ and remote sensing measurements in order to document spatial and temporal variabilities of fog events. To support this scientific objective but also to conduct first data assimilation experiments within the French convective scale model AROME, an un-precedented network of 8 ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) has been deployed in 7 different locations known to be prone to fog occurrences. The database gives access to vertical profiles of temperature and humidity (both absolute and relative) from the surface up to 10 km altitude as well as integrated water vapor and liquid water path estimates. The retrieved profiles offer a very large database that can be exploited for several scientific purposes: fog process studies at specific location, documentation on the variability of fog properties at the regional scale, better understanding of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height and dynamics during wintertime conditions, development of nowcasting products dedicated to fog alerts, data assimilation experiments to improve fog forecasts, development of synergetical advanced products, and evaluation of new model configurations with advanced parameterization or resolutions.
Establishment of hospital resilience framework in urban China: insight from Wuhan City
Authors: Jin Annan , Li Gang , Yu Yue , Wang Jiaobei , Nie Qifan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) swept the world, many countries face a problem that is a shortage of medical resources. The role of emergency medical facilities in response to the epidemic is beginning to arouse public attention, and the construction of the urban resilient emergency response framework has become the critical way to resist the epidemic. Today, China has controlled the domestically transmitted COVID-19 cases through multiple emergency medical facilities and inclusive patient admission criteria. Most of the existing literature focuses on case studies or characterizations of individual facilities. This paper constructs an evaluation system to measure urban hospital resilience from the spatial perspective and deciphered the layout patterns and regularities of emergency medical facilities in Wuhan, the city most affected by the epidemic in China. Findings indicate that the pattern of one center and two circles are a more compelling layout structure for urban emergency medical facilities in terms of accessibility and service coverage for residents. Meanwhile, the Fangcang shelter hospital has an extraordinary performance in terms of emergency response time, and it is a sustainable facility utilization approach in the post-epidemic era. This study bolsters areas of the research on the urban resilient emergency response framework. Moreover, the paper summarizes new medical facilities’ planning and location characteristics and hopes to provide policy-makers and urban planners with valuable empirical evidence.
Quenched and annealed equilibrium states for random Ruelle expanding maps and applications
Authors: STADLBAUER MANUEL , VARANDAS PAULO , ZHANG XUAN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe find generalized conformal measures and equilibrium states for random dynamics generated by Ruelle expanding maps, under which the dynamics exhibits exponential decay of correlations. This extends results by Baladi [Correlation spectrum of quenched and annealed equilibrium states for random expanding maps. Comm. Math. Phys.186 (1997), 671–700] and Carvalho et al [Semigroup actions of expanding maps. J. Stat. Phys.116(1) (2017), 114–136], where the randomness is driven by an independent and identically distributed process and the phase space is assumed to be compact. We give applications in the context of weighted non-autonomous iterated function systems, free semigroup actions and introduce a boundary of equilibria for not necessarily free semigroup actions.
A NOTE ON AN ASYMPTOTIC VERSION OF A PROBLEM OF MAHLER
Authors: FRANCISCO RICARDO , MARQUES DIEGO 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe prove that for any infinite sets of nonnegative integers
$\mathcal {A}$
and
$\mathcal {B}$
, there exist transcendental analytic functions
$f\in \mathbb {Z}\{z\}$
whose coefficients vanish for any indexes
$n\not \in \mathcal {A}+\mathcal {B}$
and for which
$f(z)$
is algebraic whenever z is algebraic and
$|z|<1$
. As a consequence, we provide an affirmative answer for an asymptotic version of Mahler’s problem A.
Automatic Alignment of an Orbital Angular Momentum Sorter in a Transmission Electron Microscope Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Rosi Paolo , Clausen Alexander , Weber Dieter , Tavabi Amir H. , Frabboni Stefano , Tiemeijer Peter , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Rotunno Enzo , Grillo Vincenzo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report on the automatic alignment of a transmission electron microscope equipped with an orbital angular momentum sorter using a convolutional neural network. The neural network is able to control all relevant parameters of both the electron-optical setup of the microscope and the external voltage source of the sorter without input from the user. It can compensate for mechanical and optical misalignments of the sorter, in order to optimize its spectral resolution. The alignment is completed over a few frames and can be kept stable by making use of the fast fitting time of the neural network.
Application of Orthogonal Polynomial Fitting Method to Extract Gravity Wave Signals From AIRS Data Related to Typhoon Deep Convection
Authors: Li Zi‐Liang , Niu Ya‐Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGravity waves can influence weather and climate patterns on various temporal and spatial scales in the atmosphere. Despite their recognized importance, there are clearly a lack of sufficient and accurate observations from currently available satellite observing systems to satisfy the requirements of many satellite users. Common method to detect gravity waves is to measure brightness temperature (BT) anomalies, which rely on an initial efficient background removal method. Before gravity waves can be extracted from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder raw radiances, Hoffmann and Alexander (2010, http://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014401) used a fourth‐order polynomial fitting (4PF) method to remove the background variations. In this study, we propose a new strategy, an optimal orthogonal polynomial fitting (OPF) method using Chebyshev Polynomials as basis functions, to remove the background variations and estimate BT perturbations. By extending the classic 4PF method to the fifth‐order polynomial fitting (5PF) method and combining the Cressman interpolation method, some experiments are designed to validate the feasibility and superiority of the OPF method. The results show that OPF is the optimal method to remove the limb‐brightening effect in the extraction of gravity wave signals generated by typhoons. In addition, what we noticed is that an appropriate fitting orders have to be selected to get more accurate BT anomalies signals in the experiments to extract gravity wave signals.
Variability of strain engraftment and predictability of microbiome composition after fecal microbiota transplantation across different diseases
Authors: Ianiro Gianluca , Punčochář Michal , Karcher Nicolai , Porcari Serena , Armanini Federica , Asnicar Francesco , Beghini Francesco , Blanco-Míguez Aitor , Cumbo Fabio , Manghi Paolo , Pinto Federica , Masucci Luca , Quaranta Gianluca , De Giorgi Silvia , Sciumè Giusi Desirè , Bibbò Stefano , Del Chierico Federica , Putignani Lorenza , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Gasbarrini Antonio , Valles-Colomer Mireia , Cammarota Giovanni , Segata Nicola 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective against recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is considered a promising treatment for other microbiome-related disorders, but a comprehensive understanding of microbial engraftment dynamics is lacking, which prevents informed applications of this therapeutic approach. Here, we performed an integrated shotgun metagenomic systematic meta-analysis of new and publicly available stool microbiomes collected from 226 triads of donors, pre-FMT recipients and post-FMT recipients across eight different disease types. By leveraging improved metagenomic strain-profiling to infer strain sharing, we found that recipients with higher donor strain engraftment were more likely to experience clinical success after FMT (P = 0.017) when evaluated across studies. Considering all cohorts, increased engraftment was noted in individuals receiving FMT from multiple routes (for example, both via capsules and colonoscopy during the same treatment) as well as in antibiotic-treated recipients with infectious diseases compared with antibiotic-naïve patients with noncommunicable diseases. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria species (including Bifidobacteria) displayed higher engraftment than Firmicutes except for six under-characterized Firmicutes species. Cross-dataset machine learning predicted the presence or absence of species in the post-FMT recipient at 0.77 average AUROC in leave-one-dataset-out evaluation, and highlighted the relevance of microbial abundance, prevalence and taxonomy to infer post-FMT species presence. By exploring the dynamics of microbiome engraftment after FMT and their association with clinical variables, our study uncovered species-specific engraftment patterns and presented machine learning models able to predict donors that might optimize post-FMT specific microbiome characteristics for disease-targeted FMT protocols.
Development of process analytical tools for rapid monitoring of live virus vaccines in manufacturing
Authors: Yi Sijia , McCracken Reilly , Davide Joseph , Salovich Daniel Ryan , Whitmer Travis , Bhat Aditya , Vlasak Josef , Ha Sha , Sehlin Darrell , Califano Joseph , Ploeger Kristin , Mukherjee Malini 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the development of end-to-end large-scale live virus vaccine (LVV) manufacturing, process analytical technology (PAT) tools enable timely monitoring of critical process parameters (CPP) and significantly guide process development and characterization. In a commercial setting, these very same tools can enable real time monitoring of CPPs on the shop floor and inform harvest decisions, predict peak potency, and serve as surrogates for release potency assays. Here we introduce the development of four advanced PAT tools for upstream and downstream process monitoring in LVV manufacturing. The first tool explores the application of capacitance probes for real time monitoring of viable cell density in bioreactors. The second tool utilizes high content imaging to determine optimum time of infection in a microcarrier process. The third tool uses flow virometry (or nanoscale flow cytometry) to monitor total virus particle counts across upstream and downstream process steps and establishes a robust correlation to virus potency. The fourth and final tool explores the use of nucleic acid dye staining to discriminate between “good” and “damaged” virus particles and uses this strategy to also monitor virus aggregates generated sometimes during downstream processing. Collectively, these tools provide a comprehensive monitoring toolbox and represent a significantly enhanced control strategy for the manufacturing of LVVs.