bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High relative humidity improves leaf burn resistance in flowering Chinese cabbage seedlings cultured in a closed plant factory
Authors: Kang Yunyan , Wu Qiaobo , Qin Jinming , Zhong Min , Yang Xian , Chai Xirong 
Published: November 2022

Plant factories that ensure the annual production of vegetable crops have sparked much attention. In the present study, thirty types of common vegetable crops from 25 species and eight families, were grown in a multi-layer hydroponic system in a closed-type plant factory to evaluate the adaptive performance. A total of 20 vegetable crops, belonging to 14 species and 4 families, unexpectedly exhibited different degrees of leaf margin necrosis in lower leaves firstly, then the upper leaves gradually. We defined this new physiological disorder as “leaf burn”. It occurred more commonly and severely in cruciferous leafy vegetables. Two different light intensities (150 and 105 µmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)), three photoperiod conditions (12, 10 and 8 h d−1) and two canopy relative air humidity (RH) (70% and 90% RH) were set to evaluate the suppression effects on leaf burn occurrence in two commercial flowering Chinese cabbage cultivars (‘Sijiu’ and ‘Chixin’), the special cruciferous vegetable in South China. We discovered that changing light conditions did not fully suppress leaf burn occurrence in the cultivar ‘Sijiu’, though lower light intensity and shorter photoperiod partly did. Interestingly, the occurrence of leaf burn was completely restrained by an increased canopy RH from 70% to 90%. Specifically, the low RH-treated seedlings occurred varying degree of leaf burn symptoms, along with rapidly decreased water potential in leaves, while the high RH treatment significantly lessened the drop in leaf water potential, together with increased photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, decreased leaf stomatal aperture and density, and thus reduced the incidence of leaf burn in ‘Sijiu’ and ‘Chixin’, from 28.89% and 18.52% to zero, respectively. Taken together, high canopy RH may favor maintaining leaf water potential and improving photosynthesis performance, jointly regulating leaf burn incidence and plant growth.
Co-occurrence of Intestinal Parasites among School Children of Akonolinga, Centre Region of Cameroon: Emergency Need to Reduce the Health Divide
Authors: Gael Oyono Martin , Samuel Fosso , Clarisse Njua-Yafi , Gustave Lehman Léopold , Félix Bilong Bilong Charles 
Published: November 2022

Background: Intestinal parasitosis pose a serious problem to public health and development, especially for the underprivileged population of low and middle-income countries. School children, who are the most affected, can harbour several parasites at the same time. There is a need to adopt efficient strategies for the elimination of intestinal parasitic infections as a public health problem by 2030.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to highlight the level of co-occurrence of intestinal parasites among pupils of the Akonolinga locality of the Centre region of Cameroon. Pupils were randomly recruited from 5 public schools; stool samples were collected from those whose parents agreed to participate in the study. Helminth eggs and protozoan cysts were assessed by direct smear and the formol-ether concentration technique.
Results: Out of the 416 pupils recruited, 252 were infected by at least one of the ten intestinal parasites identified. The most frequent soil-transmitted helminths were Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura with prevalences of 21.4 % and 18.5 %, respectively. Entamoeba coli was the main protozoan followed by E. histolytica/dispar with prevalences of 29.3% and 23.8%, respectively, and Embadomonas intestinalis was found in only one pupil (0.2%). The co-occurrence of intestinal parasites reached 50% and children with up to four different parasites were detected. The pair of intestinal protozoan parasites, E. histolytica/dispar and E. coli were the most observed with a frequency of 9.5%. Living in a rural setting and young age were important determinants for most of the parasite infections and co-occurrence of parasites.
Conclusion: The co-occurrence of intestinal parasites among school children of Akonolinga is high, and this situation is more alarming in rural areas and in younger children. The living conditions and the co-occurrence of parasites must be integrated into public policies for fighting against intestinal parasite infections.
Association Between Nephrologist Ownership of Dialysis Facilities and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Lin Eugene , McCoy Matthew S. , Liu Manqing , Lung Khristina I. , Rapista Derick , Berns Jeffrey S. , Kanter Genevieve P. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceOwnership of US dialysis facilities presents a financial conflict of interest for nephrologists, who may change their clinical practice to improve facility profitability.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between nephrologist ownership of freestanding dialysis facilities and clinical outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using US Renal Data System data linked to a data set of freestanding nonpediatric dialysis facility owners. Participants were a sample of all adults with fee-for-service Medicare receiving dialysis for end-stage kidney disease from January 2017 to November 2017 at included facilities. Data were analyzed from April 2020 through August 2022.ExposuresOutcomes associated with nephrologist ownership were assessed using a difference-in-differences analysis comparing the difference in outcomes between patients treated by nephrologist owners and patients treated by nonowners within facilities owned by nephrologists after accounting for differences in patient outcomes between nephrologist owners and nonowners in other facilities.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes plausibly associated with nephrologist ownership were evaluated: (1) treatment volumes (missed treatments and transplant waitlist status); (2) erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) use and related outcomes (anemia, defined as hemoglobin level &amp;lt;10 g/dL, and blood transfusions), (3) quality metrics (mortality, hospitalizations, 30-day readmissions, hemodialysis adequacy, arteriovenous fistula use, and hemodialysis catheter use for ≥3 months), and (4) home dialysis use.ResultsA cohort of 251 651 patients (median [IQR] age, 66 [46-85] years; 112 054 [44.5%] women; 9765 Asian [3.9%], 86 837 Black [34.5%], and 148 617 White [59.1%]; 38 938 Hispanic [15.5%]) receiving dialysis for end-stage kidney disease were included. Patient treatment by nephrologist owners at their owned facilities was associated with a 2.4 percentage point (95% CI, 1.1-3.8 percentage points) higher probability of home dialysis, a 2.2 percentage point (95% CI, 3.6-0.7 percentage points) lower probability of receiving an ESA, and no significant difference in anemia or blood transfusions. Patient treatment by nephrologist owners at their owned facilities was not associated with differences in missed treatments, transplant waitlisting, mortality, hospitalizations, 30-day readmissions, hemodialysis adequacy, or fistula or long-term dialysis catheter use.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional cohort study found that nephrologist ownership was associated with increased home dialysis use, decreased ESA use, and no change in anemia or blood transfusions.
Effect of Computer-Tailored Print Feedback, Motivational Interviewing, and Motivational Enhancement Therapy on Engagement in Advance Care Planning
Authors: Fried Terri R. , Yang Manshu , Martino Steve , Iannone Lynne , Zenoni Maria , Blakley Laura , O’Leary John R. , Redding Colleen A. , Paiva Andrea L. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThere is a tension between clinician-led approaches to engagement in advance care planning (ACP), which are effective but resource-intensive, and self-administered tools, which are more easily disseminated but rely on ability and willingness to complete.ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of computer-tailored print feedback (CTPF), motivational interviewing (MI), and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) on completion of a set of ACP activities, each as compared with usual care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted from October 2017 to December 2020 via telephone contact with primary care patients at a single VA facility; 483 veterans aged 55 years or older were randomly selected from a list of patients with a primary care visit in the prior 12 months, with oversampling of women and people from minoritized racial and ethnic groups. Statistical analysis was performed from January to June 2022.InterventionsMailed CTPF generated in response to a brief telephone assessment of readiness to engage in and attitudes toward ACP; MI, an interview exploring ambivalence to change and developing a change plan; and MET, MI plus print feedback, delivered by telephone at baseline, 2, and 4 months.Main Outcome and MeasuresSelf-reported completion of 4 ACP activities: communicating about views on quality vs quantity of life, assignment of a health care agent, completion of a living will, and submitting documents for inclusion in the electronic health record at 6 months.ResultsThe study included 483 persons, mean (SD) age 68.3 (8.0) years, 18.2% women and 31.1% who were people from minoritized racial and ethnic groups. Adjusting for age, education, race, gender, and baseline stage of change for each ACP, predicted probabilities for completing the ACP activities were: usual care 5.7% (95% CI, 2.8%-11.1%) for usual care, 17.7% (95% CI, 11.8%-25.9%; P = .003) for MET, 15.8% (95% CI, 10.2%-23.6%; P = .01) for MI, P = .01, and 10.0% (95% CI, 5.9%-16.7%; P = .18) for CTPF.Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial found that a series of 3 MI and MET counseling sessions significantly increased the proportion of middle-aged and older veterans completing a set of ACP activities, while print feedback did not. These findings suggest the importance of clinical interaction for ACP engagement.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03103828
Variations in Use of Diabetes Drugs With Cardiovascular Benefits Among Medicaid Patients
Authors: Zhai Mike Z. , Avorn Jerry , Liu Jun , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceCardiovascular death remains the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A better understanding of the current use and adoption of glucose-lowering drugs with cardiovascular benefit can inform state policies to ensure their appropriate use in patients with T2D.ObjectiveTo characterize the use of glucose-lowering agents with known cardiovascular benefit over time and across states.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study of Medicaid prescription rates of glucose-lowering agents with known cardiovascular benefit vs those with less well-established cardiovascular benefit was conducted between 2014 and 2019. In 50 states and the District of Columbia, the study focused on nonmetformin, noninsulin glucose-lowering drugs divided into 3 cohorts: (1) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, (2) glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, and (3) all other classes of glucose-lowering drugs. Data were analyzed from January 2014 to December 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber of days supplied of each cohort, use ratios between the aggregated days supplied of glucose-lowering agents with known cardiovascular benefit vs those with less well-established cardiovascular benefit, and the mean change in use ratios per quarter.ResultsAcross the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the use ratio of glucose-lowering agents with known cardiovascular benefit ranged from 1.58 to 0.14 (mean [SD], 0.48 [0.27]) in 2019. A lower use ratio was seen in states with a higher prevalence of diabetes (β = −0.049; 95% CI, −0.086 to −0.012; P = .01), a larger total population (β = −0.013; 95% CI, −0.023 to −0.003; P = .01), a greater number of Medicaid enrollees (β = −0.054; 95% CI, −0.096 to −0.014; P = .01), a greater proportion of people enrolled in Medicaid (β = −0.018; 95% CI, −0.030 to −0.007; P = .002), and a greater proportion of Medicaid patients enrolled in managed care organizations (β = −0.0032; 95% CI, −0.0051 to −0.0013; P = .002). Higher Medicaid expenditures per enrollee (β = 0.047; 95% CI, 0.007 to 0.089; P = .03) were associated with a higher use ratio of these agents. The relative use of glucose-lowering agents with known cardiovascular benefit by Medicaid enrollees increased 7.4% per year from 2014 to 2019, with wide variations across state Medicaid programs.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, glucose-lowering agents with cardiovascular benefit increased in use during the study period, but also demonstrated considerable variation among states in their relative use. Medicaid programs should try to clarify which factors may be contributing to relative underuse of these potentially life-saving drugs.
Construction of Ordered Atomic Donor–Acceptor Architectures in bcc IrGa Intermetallic Compounds toward Highly Electroactive and Stable Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Huaifang , Shi Peidong , Ma Xiao , Ma Chaoqun , Han Sumei , He Caihong , Wu Haoming , Zhu Lijie , Zhang Bowei , Lu Yunzhang , Cao Wenbin , Yin Haiqing , Meng Xiangmin , Xia Jing , Zhang Jiangwei , Wang An‐Liang , Lu Qipeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBenefiting from ordered atomic structures and strong d‐orbital interactions, intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the body‐centered cubic IrGa IMCs with atomic donor–acceptor architectures are synthesized and anchored on the nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (i.e., IrGa/N‐rGO). Structural characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the electron‐rich Ir sites are atomically dispersed in IrGa/N‐rGO, facilitating the electron transfer between Ir atoms and adsorbed species, which can efficiently decrease the energy barriers of the potential determining step for both HER and OER. Impressively, the IrGa/N‐rGO||IrGa/N‐rGO exhibits excellent performance for overall water splitting in alkaline medium, requiring a low cell voltage of 1.51 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2, meanwhile, exhibiting no significant degradation for 100 h. This work demonstrates that the rational design of noble metal electrocatalysts with donor–acceptor architectures is beneficial for catalytic reactions in energy conversion applications.
Lithium Borate Ionic Liquids as Single‐Component Electrolytes for Batteries
Authors: Guzmán‐González Gregorio , Alvarez‐Tirado Marta , Olmedo‐Martínez Jorge L. , Picchio Matías L. , Casado Nerea , Forsyth Maria , Mecerreyes David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCurrent electrolytes for lithium batteries are usually composed of at least two chemical compounds, an organic solvent such as a cyclic carbonate and a lithium salt such as LiPF6. Here, the concept of using a single‐component electrolyte is demonstrated in lithium batteries based on new lithium borate ionic liquids at room temperature. The design concept of this class of lithium ionic liquids (LiILs) is based on an asymmetrically substituted central tetracoordinate boron atom with oligoethylene glycol groups, fluorinated electron‐attracting groups, and one alkane group. The optimized borateLi+ LiILs show a high ionic conductivity value of >10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C, high lithium transference numbers ( = 0.4 – 0.5) and electrochemical stability (>4 V). Some of the LiILs present high compatibility with lithium‐metal electrodes showing stable polarization profiles in platting/stripping tests. The selected LiIL is investigated as single‐component electrolytes in lithium‐metal battery cells showing discharge capacity values in Li0/LiIL/lithium–iron phosphate and Li0/LiIL/lithium titanate cells of 124 and 75 mAh g−1, respectively, at a C‐rate of 0.2 C and 65 °C with low‐capacity loss.
Midline growth of the sphenoid bone in primates: A histological and microcomputed tomography study
Authors: Wood Brody , Oladipupo Lanre , Mano Nanami , Taylor Jane , Vinyard Christopher J. , Cray James , DeLeon Valerie B. , Smith Timothy D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to broaden our knowledge of the ontogeny of cranial base cartilaginous joints in primates.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional age sample of 66 specimens from four platyrrhine and three strepsirrhine genera were studied using microcomputed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Specimens were segmented, reconstructed, and measured using Amira software. Ontogenetic scaling of palatal, presphenoid, and basisphenoid length relative to cranial length was examined using standardized major axis regression. After histological sectioning, selected specimens were examined using immunohistochemistry of antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen.ResultsOur results support the hypothesis that the presphenoid in platyrrhines grows more rapidly compared with strepsirrhines, but this study establishes that most or all of this growth discrepancy occurs prenatally, and mostly at the presphenoseptal synchondrosis (PSept). All species have prolonged patency (here meaning absence of any bony bridging across the synchondrosis) of the intrasphenoidal and spheno‐occipital synchondroses (ISS). However, immunohistochemical results suggest growth is only rapid throughout infancy, and mitotic activity is slowing during juvenile ages. The same is indicated for the PSept.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that platyrrhines and strepsirrhines do not follow the pattern of early fusion of ISS seen in humans. In addition, these primates have a more prolonged patency and growth at PSept compared with humans. Finally, results reveal that in bushbabies and tamarins, as in humans, synchondroses remain cartilaginous for a prolonged period after chondrocyte proliferation has slowed or ceased. In light of these results, it is time to reassess related processes, such as differences in timing of brain expansion.
Rational Design of a Facially CoordinatingP,N,NLigand for Manganese‐Catalysed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Cyclic Ketones
Authors: Oates Conor L. , Goodfellow Alister S. , Bühl Michael , Clarke Matthew L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDFT calculations on the full catalytic cycle for manganese catalysed enantioselective hydrogenation of a selection of ketones have been carried out at the PBE0‐D3PCM//RI‐BP86PCMlevel. Mn complexes of an enantiomerically pure chiralP,N,Nligand have been found to be most reactive when adopting a facial coordination mode. The use of a new ligand with anortho‐substituted dimethylamino‐pyridine motif has been calculated to completely transform the levels of enantioselectivity possible for the hydrogenation of cyclic ketones relative to the first‐generation Mn catalysts.In silicoevaluation of substrates has been used to identify those likely to be reduced with high enantiomer ratios (er), and others that would exhibit less selectivity; good agreements were then found in experiments. Various cyclic ketones and some acetophenone derivatives were hydrogenated wither'sup to 99 : 1.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroamination of Arylalkenes with Secondary Amines
Authors: Miao Huanran , Guan Meihui , Xiong Tao , Zhang Ge , Zhang Qian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric hydroamination of alkenes with Lewis basic amines is of great interest but remains a challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we developed a Co‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroamination of arylalkenes directly using commercially accessible secondary amines. This process enables the efficient access to valuableα‐chiral tertiary amines in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction includes a CoH‐mediated hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) with arylalkenes, followed by a pivotal catalyst controlled SN2‐like pathway between in situ generated electrophilic cationic alkylcobalt(IV) species and free amines. This radical‐polar crossover strategy not only provides a straightforward and alternative approach for the synthesis of enantioenrichedα‐tertiary amines, but also underpins the substantial opportunities in developing asymmetric radical functionalization of alkenes with various free nucleophiles in oxidative MHAT catalysis.
Rhodium‐katalysierte Anti‐Markovnikov Hydroiodierung von Terminalen Alkinen**
Authors: Boehm Philip , Kehl Niklas , Morandi Bill 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWir beschreiben eine Rhodium‐katalysierte anti‐Markovnikov Hydroiodierung von terminalen aromatischen und aliphatischen Alkinen. Je nach Wahl des Liganden und Substrats werden entweder (E)‐ oder (Z)‐konfigurierte Alkenyliodide mit hoher bis ausschließlicher Isomerenreinheit erhalten. Die Reaktion weist ein breites Substratspektrum und eine hohe Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen auf, wobei leicht zugängliche oder kommerziell erhältliche aliphatische Iodide als HI‐Äquivalent via einem Shuttle‐Prozess verwendet werden. Die synthetisierten Vinyliodide wurden in mehreren Reaktionen zur Bildung von C−C und C−Heteroatom Bindungen unter vollständiger Beibehaltung der Stereoselektivität eingesetzt. Mit der entwickelten Methode konnte die Totalsynthese einer marinen cis‐Fettsäure deutlich verkürzt werden. Zusätzlich konnten mithilfe von Deuterium‐Markierungsexperimenten und stöchiometrischen Reaktionen erste Informationen über einen möglichen Reaktionsmechanismus erhalten werden.
Large‐area Free‐standing Metalloporphyrin‐based Covalent Organic Framework Films by Liquid‐air Interfacial Polymerization for Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Tang Jiaqi , Liang Zuozhong , Qin Haonan , Liu Xiangquan , Zhai Binbin , Su Zhen , Liu Qianqian , Lei Haitao , Liu Kaiqiang , Zhao Chuan , Cao Rui , Fang Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSynthesizing large‐area free‐standing covalent organic framework (COF) films is of vital importance for their applications but is still a big challenge. Herein, we reported the synthesis of large metalloporphyrin‐based COF films and their applications for oxygen electrocatalysis. The reaction of meso‐benzohydrazide‐substituted metal porphyrins with tris‐aldehyde linkers afforded free‐standing COF films at the liquid‐air interface. These films can be scaled up to 3000 cm2 area and display great mechanical stability and structural integrity. Importantly, the Co‐porphyrin‐based films are efficient for electrocatalytic O2 reduction and evolution reactions. A flexible, all‐solid‐state Zn‐air battery was assembled using the films and showed high performance with a charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.88 V at 1 mA cm−2 and high stability under bent conditions (0° to 180°). This work thus presents a strategy to synthesize functionalized COF films with high quality for uses in flexible electronics.