bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of social isolation among elderly in an urban slum of Raipur city—A community based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kumar Mohan , Ruikar Manisha , Surya Veeramani L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSocial isolation is a predictor of mortality and morbidity, as well as an outcome of many health‐related predictors. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of social isolation among the elderly and to study factors associated with it.MethodsThis was an analytical cross‐sectional study conducted in Urban Field Practice Area of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh, India among elderly more than or equal to 60 years of age selected using random sampling. The data was collected in a sample of 400 elderly by face‐to‐face interview using predesigned, pretested, and semi‐structured proforma that included Lubben Social Network Scale—6 (LSNS‐6) and analyzed using Stata v16.ResultsThe prevalence of social isolation was 34.3%; highest among those 65–74 years of age (44.5%) and females (56.9%). Increasing age, elderly with less than three family members, lower socio‐economic status, no children and financial dependence among socio‐demographic factors; insufficient time with children, lack of emotionally attachment and conflict in the family among family support factors; lack of social participation, poor perception of health and feeling lonely among psychosocial factors; lack of physical exercise, spiritual activity and sound sleep among lifestyle factors; and presence of active complaints, raised blood pressure and being anemic among medical factors were significantly associated with social isolation. Overall, the independent predictors of social isolation in elderly were age ≥75 years, lack of participation in social functions, feeling lonely and lack of sound sleep.ConclusionThe prevalence of social isolation among elderly from an urban slum in India was high and the existing evidence show a rising trend. Social isolation assessment and use of LSNS‐6 by healthcare providers should be incorporated into elderly care at primary healthcare delivery points across the country.
Treatment effect of exercise training on post‐stroke depression in middle‐aged and older adults: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Chuhan , Zhao Mengting , Sun Tengwei , Guo Jiajuan , Wu Mengrui , Li Yanlei , Luo Huiyang , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Junyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analytic study examined the effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms in mild stroke patients and the moderating effects of exercise type, therapeutic method, culture, sex, and gross domestic product (GDP) in the patient’s country.MethodsThe Metafor package in R was chosen to conduct the meta‐analysis, and the quality of each empirical study was evaluated according to the grading system in Cochrane. We included 36 empirical studies and 1477 patients.ResultsThe results showed that the treatment effect of exercise training on depression in mild stroke patients was significant. The moderating effects of culture and therapeutic method were significant, but not for exercise type, sex, or GDP in the patient’s country. The moderating effect of culture can be explained by the therapeutic method in different cultures.ConclusionFitness exercise is an effective method for improving depressive symptoms in mild stroke patients. Its effectiveness is moderated by the therapeutic method but is not affected by demographics, exercise type, gender, or GDP level.
Toward mandatory health insurance in low‐income countries? An analysis of claims data in Tanzania
Authors: Durizzo Kathrin , Harttgen Kenneth , Tediosi Fabrizio , Sahu Maitreyi , Kuwawenaruwa August , Salari Paola , Günther Isabel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany low‐income countries are in the process of scaling up health insurance with the goal of achieving universal coverage. However, little is known about the usage and financial sustainability of mandatory health insurance. This study analyzes 26 million claims submitted to the Tanzanian National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), which covers two million public servants for whom public insurance is mandatory, to understand insurance usage patterns, cost drivers, and financial sustainability. We find that in 2016, half of policyholders used a health service within a single year, with an average annual cost of 33 US$ per policyholder. About 10% of the population was responsible for 80% of the health costs, and women, middle‐age and middle‐income groups had the highest costs. Out of 7390 health centers, only five health centers are responsible for 30% of total costs. Estimating the expected health expenditures for the entire population based on the NHIF cost structure, we find that for a sustainable national scale‐up, policy makers will have to decide between reducing the health benefit package or increasing revenues. We also show that the cost structure of a mandatory insurance scheme in a low‐income country differs substantially from high‐income settings. Replication studies for other countries are warranted.
The effect of polystyrene microplastic and biosolid application on the toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium for Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: Ozturk Irem , Ozkul Fatma , Topuz Emel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plastics smaller than 5 mm that end up in a soil environment are known as microplastics (MPs). Microplastics have become a common contaminant in agricultural areas in addition to metals. However, the effect of cadmium (Cd) on soil organisms has not been clearly defined in the presence of MPs. In addition to MPs, biosolid application as a soil amendment in agricultural lands is also leading to shifts in soil conditions, such as the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd for Enchytraeus crypticus in the presence of polystyrene (PS)-MPs and biosolids to provide insight into their possible interactions. The lethal toxic concentration (LC50) for Cd was higher than 650 mg Cd/kg dry soil for all conditions. The presence of PS-MPs increased the toxicity of Cd for which EC50 was 102 and 38 mg Cd/kg dry soil without and with Cd, respectively, which may be the result of an increased exposure rate through adsorption of Cd on PS-MPs. On the contrary, the presence of biosolids decreased the toxicity of Cd where EC50 was 193 and 473 mg Cd/kg dry soil for the sets applied with 0.6 and 0.9 g biosolids, respectively. Coexistence of biosolids and PS-MPs decreased the reproduction toxicity of Cd, which is similar to the biosolid effect (EC50 is 305 mg Cd/kg dry soil). Bioaccumulation of Cd only positively correlated with its initial concentration in soil and was not affected by the presence of PS-MPs or biosolids. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:489–500. © 2022 SETAC
A novel weighted auxiliary set matching pursuit method for glioma in Cerenkov luminescence tomography reconstruction
Authors: Guo Lishuang , Cai Meishan , Zhang Xiaoning , Zhang Zeyu , Shi Xiaojing , Zhang Xiaojun , Liu Jiangang , Hu Zhenhua , Tian Jie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) is a promising three‐dimensional imaging technology that has been actively investigated in preclinical studies. However, because of the ill‐posedness in the inverse problem of CLT reconstruction, the reconstruction performance is still not satisfactory for broad biomedical applications. In this study, a novel weighted auxiliary set matching pursuit (WASMP) method was explored to enhance the accuracy of CLT reconstruction. The numerical simulations and in vivo imaging studies using tumor‐bearing mice models were conducted to evaluate the performance of the WASMP method. The results of the above experiments proved that the WASMP method achieved superior reconstruction performance than other approaches in terms of positional accuracy and shape recovery. It further demonstrates that the atom selection strategy proposed in this study has a positive effect on improving the accuracy of atoms. The proposed WASMP improves the accuracy for CLT reconstruction for biomedical applications.
Optoacoustic tones generated by nanosecond laser pulses can cover the entire human hearing range
Authors: Lengert Liza , Lohmann Hinnerk , Johannsmeier Sonja , Ripken Tammo , Maier Hannes , Heisterkamp Alexander , Kalies Stefan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work is to generate defined tones that cover the human hearing range in aqueous media for a later application in middle or inner ear implants. In our experiments, we investigated the characteristics of single laser pulses and pulse trains with different laser repetition rates of nanosecond laser pulses that were focused into aqueous media in a small volume. The frequency of the generated tones was limited by the spectral properties of the single acoustic pulses, which depended on the medium. Tones with fundamental frequencies above 8 kHz were generated using laser pulses focused into water. By replacing water with gel, tones between 500 Hz and 20 kHz could be produced. The generation of tones in the low‐frequency range was only possible when laser pulse trains with pulse density modulated pulse patterns were applied in gel. This enabled the generation of tones between 20 Hz and 2 kHz. Consequently, the combination of different pulse patterns for the different frequency ranges allows generating optoacoustic tones between 20 Hz and 20 kHz in gel. Thus, we can cover the complete range of human hearing through optoacoustically generated tones.
Identification of the histone demethylases gene family in Glycyrrhiza inflata reveals genes responding to abiotic stresses
Authors: Li Yuping , Zhuang Feng , Zeng Jiangyi , Yang Chao , Li Yongqing , Luo Ming , Wang Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlycyrrhiza inflata Bat. is a type of abiotic‐stress‐resistant plant with extremely high medicinal value. Histone demethylases (HDMTs) have been known to play crucial roles in the regulation of abiotic stress response. However, the molecular functions of HDMTs has not been studied in G. inflata. Here we identified 34 GiHDMT genes in G. inflata, which could be divided into the 6 groups through phylogenetic analysis. We further found that the gene structure and conserved protein motifs exhibit high conservation in each group of GiHDMT genes. Various abiotic‐stress‐related elements are detected in GiHDMT promoters, especially for the light‐responsive element and abscisic acid‐responsive element. Collinearity analysis indicated that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of the GiHDMT family in licorice. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that green fluorescent protein‐tagged GiHDMT2 and GiHDMT18 were predominantly localized in the nucleus, whereas GiHDMT1 were found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that GiHDMTs presented differential expression patterns across different tissues. Moreover, changes in transcription level of GiHDMTs under abiotic stress indicate the potential role of GiHDMTs in the stress response in licorice. Finally, we found the histone methylation levels probably mediated by GiHDMT genes are changed with the treatment of NaCl and Na2CO3. Our study will lay the foundation for future research on the regulatory roles of GiHDMT genes in the environmental stress.
Roles of apelin/APJ system in cancer: Biomarker, predictor, and emerging therapeutic target
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Li Zhiyue , Zhao Qun , Chen Linxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCancer is a disease that seriously endangers human health and is mainly characterized by a high metastasis rate, a high recurrence rate, and a high mortality rate. The treatment of cancer has always been an important research direction of scientific research. A number of studies have shown that the apelin/APJ system is involved in the development and poor prognosis of a variety of cancers, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and so on. Accumulating evidence has also shown that the apelin/APJ system acts as a biomarker and predictor of postoperative effects in multiple cancers, which can also affect the tumor microenvironment and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Considering that the apelin/APJ system may be a potential target for cancer treatment, it is of great significance for the study of new cancer treatment targets. To better understand the role of the apelin/APJ system on the occurrence and development of cancer, this article reviews the role of the apelin/APJ system in the occurrence and development of various cancers, angiogenesis, tumor stem cells, tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, poor prognosis, and the research progress of related anticancer drugs.
PTH1R translocation to primary cilia in mechanically‐stimulated ostecytes prevents osteoclast formation via regulation of CXCL5 and IL‐6 secretion
Authors: Tirado‐Cabrera Irene , Martin‐Guerrero Eduardo , Heredero‐Jimenez Sara , Ardura Juan A. , Gortázar Arancha R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOsteocytes respond to mechanical forces controlling osteoblast and osteoclast function. Mechanical stimulation decreases osteocyte apoptosis and promotes bone formation. Primary cilia have been described as potential mechanosensors in bone cells. Certain osteogenic responses induced by fluid flow (FF) in vitro are decreased by primary cilia inhibition in MLO‐Y4 osteocytes. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 1 (PTH1R) modulates osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteocyte effects upon activation by PTH or PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) in osteoblastic cells. Moreover, some actions of PTH1R seem to be triggered directly by mechanical stimulation. We hypothesize that PTH1R forms a signaling complex in the primary cilium that is essential for mechanotransduction in osteocytes and affects osteocyte‐osteoclast communication. MLO‐Y4 osteocytes were stimulated by FF or PTHrP (1−37). PTH1R and primary cilia signaling were abrogated using PTH1R or primary cilia specific siRNAs or inhibitors, respectively. Conditioned media obtained from mechanically‐ or PTHrP‐stimulated MLO‐Y4 cells inhibited the migration of preosteoclastic cells and osteoclast differentiation. Redistribution of PTH1R along the entire cilium was observed in mechanically stimulated MLO‐Y4 osteocytic cells. Preincubation of MLO‐Y4 cells with the Gli‐1 antagonist, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor (SQ22536), or with the phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122), affected the migration of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis. Proteomic analysis and neutralizing experiments showed that FF and PTH1R activation control osteoclast function through the modulation of C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) secretion in osteocytes. These novel findings indicate that both primary cilium and PTH1R are necessary in osteocytes for proper communication with osteoclasts and show that mechanical stimulation inhibits osteoclast recruitment and differentiation through CXCL5, while PTH1R activation regulate these processes via IL‐6.
Exploratory Study of Pharmacists’ Monitoring Methods Based on Left Ventricular Function for Hypermagnesemia by Magnesium Oxide in Heart Failure
Authors: Asai Yuki , Yanagawa Tatsuki , Yamamoto Takanori , Sato Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSerum magnesium (Mg) monitoring in patients with heart failure (HF) receiving magnesium oxide (MgO) is not adequately performed. Furthermore, the relationship between left ventricular function (LVF) and hypermagnesemia in HF is unknown. Here, we investigated the efficacy of serum Mg monitoring by protocol‐based pharmaceutical management (PBPM) and the effect of LVF on hypermagnesemia. This protocol is for patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <45 mL/min, receiving MgO, and admitted to the cardiology unit. The pharmacist includes the measurement of Mg when a blood test is ordered for a patient by their physician. Rates of serum Mg measurement and hypermagnesemia detection were compared at 2 years pre‐PBPM (n = 88) and at 2 years post‐PBPM (n = 55). LVF parameters and reported factors for hypermagnesemia were selected as explanatory factors on multivariate logistic regression. The measurement rate of serum Mg concentration significantly increased from 19.3% pre‐PBPM to 80.0% post‐PBPM (P < .001). The detection rate of hypermagnesemia also increased from 3.4% to 27.3%, respectively (P < .001). Our results suggest that serum Mg monitoring by PBPM may contribute to the early detection of hypermagnesemia and prevent its progression in HF. According to logistic regression, the adjusted odds ratio for hypermagnesemia with an exacerbation of HF was 9.57 (95% confidence interval: 1.594–57.477, P = .014), and the E/e’ > 15, an index of reduced left ventricular diastolic capacity, was 6.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.291–32.364, P = .023). We propose that serum Mg monitoring should be performed during exacerbations of HF in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, with a pharmacist's assistance.
Copper‐catalyzed multicomponent green reaction approach: Synthesis of dihydropyrano [2,3‐c] pyrazoles and evaluation of their anti‐cancer activity
Authors: Kumar Venkata Hema , Tamminana Ramana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA facile, efficient, and simple one‐pot multi‐component protocol for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c] pyrazoles has been developed using a cheap and readily available copper catalyst under moderate reaction conditions. Target products are obtained from aromatic aldehyde via Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition reactions. Functional group tolerance and reaction mechanisms have also been examined in this methodology. In addition, we have also evaluated the anti‐cancer activity of the target products and we have attempted this method for practical utility purposes also.
Synthesis and biological activity of waltherione F‐derived diamide derivatives containing 4‐quinolone group
Authors: Chen Zhanfang , Hua Xuewen , Zhu Xiaohe , Fang Hongbin , Liu Wenrui , Liu Yang , Yuan Man , Sui Junkang , Zhang Lingxiao , Ru Jing , Wang Guiqing , Cui Yanhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe exploitation of new fungicides and the discovery of action targets are effective ways to solve the problem of resistance, and structural optimization of natural products has become an resultful method to discover lead compounds. In this work, in conjunction with the structures of the fungicidal lead compounds h‐I‐9, X‐I‐3, and X‐II‐5 found in our previous project, waltherione F‐derived diamide compounds were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The biological assays suggested that the target compounds exhibited weak to good fungicidal activity against the tested pathogens, while most of the target compounds displayed high cellular cytotoxicity against Hela cells. The investigation of accidentally discovered fluorescence characteristics revealed that the compound I‐1 exhibited the most vigorous fluorescence intensity at 350 nm, which was significantly higher than that of I‐3 at 225 nm and was further elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Overall, the above results would provide theoretical guidance for the design of active target molecules and the development of fluorescent probes.
Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of pyrazinamide, benzimidazole and carboxamide derivatives
Authors: Shah Rashmi , Verma Prabhakar Kumar , Shah Manisha , Kumar Vipan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, it is difficult to develop effective antitubercular treatment as it leads to many antibiotics not working and preventing drug entry. It also leads to the problem of more drug resistance. Tuberculosis (TB) is still the second most contagious disease with about 33% of the world's population being affected mainly by drug‐resistant TB (MDR, XDR), chronic infections, and the combination of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel antitubercular drugs that will shorten the total duration of effective treatment taken under directly observed treatment, short‐course (DOTS) guidance, solve the problem of multiple drug resistance, and provide effective treatment for TB diseases. In this review, we considered various synthetic schemes of pyrazinamide, benzimidazole, and carboxamide derivatives that have antitubercular properties that can overcome the resistance to parental drugs and thus act as an effective alternative.
Amide Proton Transfer Weighted MR Imaging for Predicting Meningioma Stiffness: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhu Laimin , Wang Yanting , Yue Xiuzheng , Wang Weiwei , Sun Zhanguo , Jiang Shanshan , Chen Yueqin , Wen Zhibo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundStiffness of meningioma is an important factor affecting the surgical resection and the prognosis of patients.PurposeTo examine the feasibility of APTw‐magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating meningioma stiffness.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationSeventy‐one patient with meningiomas, 39 were male and 32 were female; the mean age was 51 ± 10 years.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T; Turbo‐spin‐echo T1‐weighted and Gd‐T1‐weighted sequence; Turbo‐spin‐echo T2‐weighted sequence; 2D fat‐suppressed, turbo‐spin‐echo APTw pulse sequence.AssessmentThe T1WI signal intensity score, T2WI signal intensity score, APTwmin, APTwmax, and APTwmean values were compared between soft, medium stiff and stiff meningiomas or non‐stiff meningiomas and stiff meningiomas group.Statistical TestsChi‐square test, one‐way ANOVA analysis, independent‐samples t‐test, intra‐class correlation coefficient, rank‐sum test, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all tests.ResultsAPTwmin and APTwmean in the stiff group were significantly lower than that in the non‐stiff group (2.79% ± 0.42% vs. 1.90% ± 0.60% and 3.20% ± 0.31% vs. 2.55% ± 0.61%). APTwmin and APTwmean in the stiff group were significantly lower than that in the medium stiff and soft groups (1.90% ± 0.60% vs. 2.69% ± 0.40% and 3.12% ± 0.32%, 2.55% ± 0.61% vs. 3.17% ± 0.33% and 3.39% ± 0.18%), APTwmin in the medium stiff group was significantly lower than in the soft group, there was no significant difference in APTwmean between the medium stiff and soft groups (P = 0.190). APTwmin showed the best diagnostic performance for evaluating meningioma stiffness with an area under the curve of 0.913, when the APTwmin was lower than 2.4%, the meningioma was defined as a stiff tumor, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 87.1%, 87.5%, and 85.9%, respectively.Data ConclusionAPTw‐MRI could be used to evaluate meningioma stiffness, with APTwmin having the best evaluative efficiency.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 1