bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Photoperiodic Manipulation on Seasonal Variation in Bud and Shoot Regeneration of Rieger Begonia Leaf Cuttings1
Authors: Cohl Herbert A. , Moser Bruno C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf cuttings of ‘Schwabenland Red’ Rieger begonia (Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch) regenerated buds prolifically, whereas ‘Aphrodite Pink’ regenerated buds sparingly, with fewer buds per cutting. Bud initiation was maximal in winter in both cultivars. Shoot development was maximal in ‘Schwabenland Red’ in spring and fall, and was maximal in ‘Aphrodite Pink’ in winter. Lack of bud initiation inhibited shoot development in ‘Aphrodite Pink’ but not in ‘Schwabenland Red’. Seasonal variation was eliminated, and shoot development was maximized in ‘Schwabenland Red’ when mother plants were grown on a short day and cuttings on a long day cycle. This daylength procedure did not eliminate seasonal variation in ‘Aphrodite Pink’, although it maximized shoot development over the year. Factors other than photoperiod may have played a role in ‘Aphrodite Pink’.
Environmental Control of Shoot Initiation by Rieger Begonia Leaf Cuttings1
Authors: Cohl Herbert A. , Moser Bruno C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Short days on the mother plant and long days on leaf cutting resulted in the most rapid shoot initiation in Rieger begonia (Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch cvs. Schwabenland Red and Aphrodite Pink). High temperatures on the mother plants nullified the beneficial effect of this photoperiodic treatment.
Effect of Lateral Shoot Orientation on Growth and Flowering of Young Apple Trees1
Authors: Hamzakheyl N. , Ferree D. C. , Hartman F. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoots of newly planted ‘Oregon Spur Delicious’ (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple trees were trained at angles of 30°, 60°, or 90° from vertical and compared to an untrained control in 1973. Lateral shoots of some trees with the 30° orientation in 1973 were bent to 60° in 1974. Generally, during the first growing season shoot growth was reduced proportional to the degree of bending toward the horizontal. Shoots trained at an angle of 30° the first season and 60° the second season had the greatest reduction in shoot growth in 1974 and had more flowering on the upper and middle scaffold shoots than other treatments. Unpruned trees with shoots developing naturally produced more total shoot and new root growth and produced more spurs and flower clusters than other treatments. Trees with shoots trained to the horizontal (90°) produced the greatest number of watersprouts and the least flowering.
Time of Thiourea-KNO3 Application on the Rest Requirement and Bud Development in ‘Loring’ Peach1
Authors: Wolak R. J. , Couvillon G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Loring’ peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were treated with a 1% thiourea + 2% KNO3 (TUK) mixture during “late rest” when 589 chill units had accumulated and 1 week following rest completion, when 691 chill units had accumulated. Applications made during “late rest” terminated rest of both flower and lateral vegetative buds before the control and significantly reduced growing degree hour celsius (GHD°C required for bud break. Applications of TUK a week later resulted in a significant reduction in GDH°C for bud break over the control. The late treatment was intermediate between the control and the earlier treatment for bloom date and GDH°C accumulation.
Gibberellin Effects on Rabbiteye Blueberry Seed Germination1
Authors: Ballington J. R. , Galletta G. J. , Pharr D. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 24 or 48 hour soak in gibberellins (GA) did not influence the total germination of open-pollinated rabbiteye blueberry seeds (Vaccinium ashei Reade, cv. Tifblue). GA4+7 at 100-500 ppm stimulated early germination of seeds from the 2nd to 4th week after sowing, with the maximum effect occurring after 3 weeks. The 48-hour, GA4+7, 100 ppm treatment stimulated germination from the 2nd to 5th week after sowing. Stimulation of earlier germination by GA4+7 hastened seedling transplanting by 2 to 4 weeks. Germination of mature seeds (large, filled) was significantly higher than immature (medium-size, filled) or imperfectly (partially-filled) developed seeds. GA4+7 did not increase germination of immature or imperfectly developed seeds.
Tissue Culture and Differentiation of Garlic1
Authors: Kehr A. E. , Schaeffer G. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growing points from cloves of Allium sativum L. were excised from mature air-dried corms and cultured in vitro. Media for vegetative increase of tissues in the undifferentiated form should contain (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 6-(furfurylamino) purine (kinetin), and coconut milk. The vegetative tissues differentiate on Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with IAA and kinetin.
Effect of Ethephon on Rate of Bulb Enlargement, Maturity, and Yield in Onions1
Authors: Lipe William N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Onions (Allium cepa L.) of short and long-day requirements were grown in the field under normal conditions of increasing daylength and treated in the 4, 6, and 10 leaf stages of development with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon). Ethephon stimulated bulb enlargement early when applied at the 4 and 6 leaf stages but this enlargement ceased before that of the non-treated plants. Treated plants were short and less prone to lodge at maturity, and yields were reduced by high concentrations and/or repeated applications. Late applications and low concentrations resulted in a pre-harvest increase in the rate of bulb growth.
Cocoyam and Taro Production in Florida
Authors: Volin R. B. , Zettler F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Araceae is a diverse family consisting of more than 100 genera and 1500 species of plants including several genera of growing significance as foliage ornamentals, such as Aglaonema, Caladium, Dieffenbachia, and Syngonium. Other aroids, such as Anthurium and Zantedeschia are commercially propagated for their attractive flowers; Pistia stratioites is considered a pestiferous aquatic weed, and jack-in-thepulpit (Arisaema spp.) is a well known woodland wildflower of temperate climates.
Gibberellin Induced Seedless Fruit of Chayote Sechium edule Swartz1
Authors: Aung L. H. , Flick G. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parthenocarpic fruits of chayote were obtained by application of 2 × 10-3 M gibberellin A3 and A4/7 in lanolin on the stigmatic surfaces of pistillate flowers under greenhouse conditions. The role, of gibberellins on fruit development and the significance of seedless fruits are discussed.
Response of Eggplant Cultivars to Ozone1
Authors: Rajput C. B. S. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants of 8 cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) exposed to 0 to 40 pphm ozone for 6 hr each day at 35 and 36 days of age varied in susceptibility as indicated by leaf area damage. The most sensitive cultivar was ‘Early Hybrid’; least sensitive was ‘Blacknite’.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Growth of the Potato Plant1
Authors: Collins W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide enrichment of the greenhouse atmosphere, either in the period prior to tuberization or during the tuber development period of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), increased tuber yield significantly at harvest, compared to yields from plants grown in a conventional atmosphere. Enrichment during the tuber development period provided the greatest increase in tuber dry weight. The data indicated that the increase in yield was attributable to an increase in the net assimilation rate of carbon dioxide enriched plants and a corresponding increase in the relative growth rate.
The Use of Chlorflurenol in Production of Pickling Cucumbers1
Authors: Shannon S. , Robinson R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar application of 50 or 100 ppm 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (chlorflurenol) to plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) increased the number of fruit per plant 2- to 3-fold at a single harvest, particularly the more valuable small fruit. Higher and lower concentrations were less effective, and repeated applications were often more effective than a single application. In 2 of 4 field trials there were significant increases in value of treated over untreated plots, and in none of the trials was fruit shape affected.
The Influence of Early Pinching with Fatty Alcohols and Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids on Brussels Sprouts1
Authors: Vereecke M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of early pinching with 3 commercial formulations containing fatty alcohols or methyl esters of fatty acids applied to Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. Gemmifera group) was studied. Pinching was carried out at 2 stages of plant development. Pinching before the sprouts were visible, resulted in low yields of poorer quality, while manually topped plants gave excessive amounts of waste sprouts. At the second treatment date, when the basal sprouts were 0.3 cm in diameter, the same tendency was noted for every treatment, except Emgard 2077, which is a combination of methyl esters of fatty acids. The yield from ‘Topscore’ plants treated with 12% Emgard 2077 was slightly higher than that of the untopped plants. However, the amount of larger sprouts (> 30 mm) produced was greater than that obtained from untopped plants.
Method for Evaluating Excessive Secondary Root Development in Carrots1
Authors: Orzolek M. D. , Carroll R. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An index rating system was developed to evaluate the degree to which carrot (Daucus carota L.) develop “hairy” roots and was used to evaluate the influence of moisture on 6 carrot cultivars grown on sandy soil. A yield increase and reduction of secondary root formation was observed for all cultivars provided supplemental irrigation.
Inhibition of Soil Urease Activity and Nematocidal Action of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole1
Authors: Gauthier Sandra M. , Ashtakala Syamala S. , Lenoir Jacques A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil urease activity was measured in 3 different types of soils previously planted with soybeans, Glycine max L. Treatment of these soils with varying concentrations of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole showed inhibition of soil urease activity and a nematocidal effect even at doses sublethal for soybean plants. The plants treated with 3-amino-l,2,4-triazole showed a significant reduction in root nodulation.
Ineffectiveness of Commercial Microorganism Inoculum in Breaking Down Thatch in Common Bermudagrass in Hawaii1
Authors: Murdoch C. L. , Barr J. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Commercial microorganism inoculum was tested for effectiveness in aiding thatch breakdown in common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) turf on two golf courses in Hawaii. None of the materials tested were effective in reducing thatch accumulation over a 5-month test period.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Ethephon for Olive Harvesting1
Authors: Ben-Tal Y. , Lavee S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) and Alsol (2-chloroethyl-tris-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-silane) are effective in reducing the fruit removal force (FRF) required for harvesting fruit of olive (Olea europaea L.). The lowest FRF value was achieved with Alsol within 2 to 3 days after treatment, but only after 7 to 8 days with ethephon. Raising the pH of the ethephon spraying solution to 7.0 increased ethylene evolution markedly and decreased both the FRF value and the time needed to achieve this reduced value.
Yield, Fruit Size, and Chlorosis of Grapefruit on 10 Rootstocks1
Authors: Maxwell Norman P. , Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grapefruit trees (Citrus paradisi Macf.) budded on Kama Khatta and sour orange were most productive in a test including 10 rootstocks. Karna Khatta, sour orange, and Yuzu were tolerant, ‘Orlando’ tangelo and ‘Ortanique’ tangor were intolerant of calcareous soil. Trees on Karna Khatta were more susceptible to foot rot than trees on sour orange.
Identification of Ten Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Using Morphological Characteristics1
Authors: Gough R. E. , Hindle R. J. , Shutak V. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A dichotomous key for the identification of ten commercially important highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum Ait.) cultivars introduced since 1949 was constructed based on gross morphological characteristics.
CO2 and C2H4 Evolution by Highbush Blueberry Fruit1
Authors: Windus Norman D. , Shutak V. G. , Gough R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of 7 cultivars were harvested and visually separated into color grades: immature green, mature green, green-pink, blue-pink, blue and ripe. The rates of respiration over a 5 year period and ethylene evolution over a 3 year period of each color grade were determined using an infrared gas analyzer and a gas chromatograph, respectively. The rate of respiration of the berries generally increased from the immature green to a peak at the green-pink or blue-pink stage. Ethylene generally increased to a peak at green-pink. Both patterns are characteristic of climacteric type fruit.
‘Dixie’ Grape1
Authors: Nesbitt W. B. , Underwood V. H. , Mortensen J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Dixie’ is a bronze muscadine grape, Vitis rotundifolia Michx., released jointly by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station in March, 1976. The ‘Dixie’ grape is high yielding, vigorous, self-fertile and useful for fresh fruit consumption (Fig. 1).
‘Kiowa’ Pecan1
Authors: Madden George D. , Brown Ellis J. , Malstrom Howard L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Kiowa’ pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] is a precocious and prolific bearer whose nuts resemble those of ‘Desirable’ in size and shape but have a thinner shell. This hybrid meets the industry demand for a cultivar that produces heavy crops of large attractive nuts for marketing in shell. It has performed well in the Southwestern U. S. where it has been tested thoroughly. ‘Kiowa’ shows commercial potential under a rigid fungicide spray program in the humid Southeast, where testing has been limited.
The Effects of Negative Air Ions on Plant Growth1
Authors: Wachter S. L. , Widmer R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of negative air ions from a high voltage electrical discharge unit on growth and development of 9 plant species were studied in growth chambers and/or in the greenhouse. Treatments consisted of ionization during either the light or dark period, as well as untreated controls. In growth chambers, plants grown in ionized air had significantly greater fresh weights in 13 of 16 instances, but were relatively unaffected in dry weights. Ionization treatments in the greenhouse were less effective but treated plants showed increases in tobacco plant height, geranium stem length and lettuce leaf number.
Theoretical Analysis of Internal and External Covers for Greenhouse Heat Conservation1
Authors: Huang K. T. , Hanan Joe J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The benefits of an internal cover between a greenhouse roof and the crop, or a cover over the outside of a greenhouse, were developed on a theoretical basis. The analysis indicated that heat savings by the use of an internal shade will be the same on clear or cloudy nights, with the main effect resulting from lower convective losses. Therefore, an internal cover can be inexpensive as long as it reduces convective heat losses. An external cover can reduce thermal radiation losses from the greenhouse roof, and in this case, the emissivity of an external cover should be as low as possible. Radiation properties do not depend upon color. Calculations indicate that heat savings of internal and external covers are about the same under conditions of clear, winter nights. The potential savings with either cover alone approaches 30% of the present average greenhouse heat requirements.
Effect of Environmental Conditions on Flowering of Strelitzia reginae, Ait.1
Authors: Halevy Abraham H. , Kofranek Anton M. , Kubota John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bird-of-paradise plants of 2 clones were grown for 3 years under various environmental conditions. Flower production was 30–50% higher in plants grown at minimum night temperature of 13° than at 21°C. Shading (50%) reduced flowering in 1 clone. Photoperiod had no effect on flowering.
Pressure Trunk Injection Promising for Pecan and other Trees1
Authors: Worley R. E. , Littrell R. H. , Polles S. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pressure trunk injection of Zn sulfate solutions rapidly increased leaf Zn levels of Zn deficient trees in pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch). Injection of 2270 g/tree killed foliage and twig terminals within one week. New foliage growth appeared normal but was high in Zn. Injected Rhodamine B dye indicates that solutions move rapidly to the extremities of the tree. Injected wood preservative “Osmose” killed trees within 10 days.
Effect of Soil Fumigation and Pruning Date on the Indoleacetic Acid Content of Peach Trees in a Short Life Site1
Authors: Carter George E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peach tree [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] short life, a disease complex resulting in premature death of peach trees, appears to be caused ultimately by cold injury to the vascular cambium. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) concentrations from the vascular cambium region of peach trees grown under various cultural practices were quantitated by thin-layer densitometry. Fall-pruned trees and trees in nonfumigated soil showed an elevated IAA level with respect to controls. It is suggested that early breaking of dormancy of the vascular cambium of peach trees, caused by an altered growth hormone balance, is responsible for the predisposition of certain trees to the cold injury death of peach tree short life.
Softening, Pectolytic Activity, and Storage-life of rin and nor Tomato Hybrids1
Authors: Buescher R. W. , Sistrunk W. A. , Tigchelaar E. C. , Ng Timothy J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruits of tomato hybrids between the nonripening mutants rin and nor and a normal ripening cultivar, C17, ripen normally in terms of color and flavor. Compared to the normal ripening parent, the hybrids have delayed softening, lower pectolytic enzyme activities, and decreased solubilization of pectic substances. The nor mutant had a greater effect on these parameters than did rin in the heterozygous condition. Storage life of fruits produced from the nor hybrid was more than twice that of the normal parent. Utilization of nor heterozygotes to extend storage life would have a substantial impact on marketing of fresh tomatoes by reducing losses due to excessive softening.
Oregon M176, S423, S434, S441 Disease Resistant Pea Breeding Lines1
Authors: Baggett J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) breeding lines Oregon M176, S423, S434, and S441, were released in 1975 by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. These lines, all of freezing type, were developed primarily for Western Oregon where enation mosaic and pea streak are often seriously damaging to the later plantings of processing peas.
Nomenclature for Internal Storage Disorders of Apples1
Authors: Smock Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is considerable confusion in the literature on the terminology of internal storage disorders of apples. For example, “internal breakdown” is a term widely used to cover all such problems. The focus here is on breakdown problems and excludes physiological disorders like bitter pit. The emphasis is on symptomology, factors associated with the disorders, and cultivar susceptibility. There is little or no mention of control measures.
Contaminants in Plant Growth Chambers1
Authors: Tibbitts T. W. , McFarlane J. C. , Krizek D. T. , Berry W. L. , Hammer P. A. , Hodgson R. H. , Langhans R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Growth Chamber Committee of the Society held a workshop on August 13, 1976 at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana at the annual meeting on Contaminants in Growth Chambers. Observations and comments presented at the discussion are summarized in this report.
Use of brittle-A Gene in Sweet Corn Breeding1
Authors: Hannah L. C. , Bassett M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Comparison of corn (Zea mays L.) kernels derived from common F2 families that were homozygous sugary (su) or homozygous for an allele of brittle (bt), termed bt-A, showed that bt-A kernels germinated nearly as well as su kernels and the time period for silking was identical in the 2 classes. The bt-A gene conditions twice the sucrose level found in su kernels.
Influence of N-P-K Fertilizers on Low Temperature Tolerance of Cabbage Seedlings1
Authors: Ragan P. , Nylund R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water-soluble fertilizers applied as starter solutions were evaluated for their influence on tolerance of non-hardened cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group) to freezing temperatures. Container-grown and bare-root seedlings were treated and the effects on low temperature tolerance 3 and 9 days after application were determined. Leaves were frozen using the excised leaf test and evaluated for injury by measuring conductance of the leachate. Potasium increased the tolerance to frost in both container-grown and bare-root plants; N decreased tolerance when N and K were applied, plants were less frost tolerant than those treated with no fertilizer. Greater freezing resistance resulted when starter solutions were applied 9 days before the leaves were exposed to freezing temperatures. Distinct differences in color between freeze-killed leaves and non-injured leaves occurred when they were pressed and dried. Leaves remained green after exposure to temperatures which caused at least 50% leaching, but yellowed when leaching did not exceed 50%.
Tele-lectures Expand Home Horticulture Programs in Illinois1
Authors: Meador Daniel B. , Vernon Edwin W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Providing home horticulture information for the 14,000,000 citizens of Illinois is a formidable task which requires effective use of available resources, innovation, and cooperation. One innovation utilized by University of Illinois Extension horticultural specialists is tele-lectures delivered via a TeleNet system.
Effect of Dikegulac as a Post-shearing Shoot-inducing Agent on Azaleas, Rhododendron spp.1
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. , Martin Willis C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of 5,000 ppm dikegulac [sodium salt of 2,3:4,6 bis-0-(1-methylethlidene)-a-L-Xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid (Atrinal)] applied to 4 cultivars of greenhouse forcing azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) 1 week after shearing, produced plants with more shoots than untreated plants and plants treated with 42,000 ppm Off-Shoot-O (methyl esters of fatty acids: 4% C6, 56% C8, 38% C10 and 2% C12). Increases in shoot number on dikegulac-treated plants generally did not increase the number of flowers. Plants treated with sprays of 3,000 to 6,000 ppm dikegulac initially exhibited temporary shoot growth inhibition but had fewer by-pass shoots at flowering.
The Use of an Agar Substitute in the Initial Growth of Boston Ferns in Vitro1
Authors: Cooke Ron C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There was no significant difference in growth (fresh weight) of runner tips of Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott var. bostoniensis Davenport cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium solidified by either agar or a new starch co-polymer agar substitute. The agar substitute requires no boiling to dissolve and appears to promote more shoot initiation than agar solidified medium.