bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(thioctic acid): From Bottom‐Up Self‐Assembly to 3D‐Fused Deposition Modeling Printing
Authors: Cai Changyong , Wu Shuanggen , Zhang Yunfei , Li Fenfang , Tan Zhijian , Dong Shengyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInspired by the bottom‐up assembly in nature, an artificial self‐assembly pattern is introduced into 3D‐fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing to achieve additive manufacturing on the macroscopic scale. Thermally activated polymerization of thioctic acid (TA) enabled the bulk construction of poly(TA), and yielded unique time‐dependent self‐assembly. Freshly prepared poly(TA) can spontaneously and continuously transfer into higher‐molecular‐weight species and low‐molecular‐weightTAmonomers. Poly(TA) and the newly formedTAfurther assembled into self‐reinforcing materials via microscopic‐phase separation. Bottom‐up self‐assembly patterns on different scales are fully realized by 3D FDM printing of poly(TA): thermally induced polymerization ofTA(microscopic‐scale assembly) to poly(TA) and 3D printing (macroscopic‐scale assembly) of poly(TA) are simultaneously achieved in the 3D‐printing process; after 3D printing, the poly(TA) modes show mechanically enhanced features over time, arising from the microscopic self‐assembly of poly(TA) andTA. This study clearly demonstrates that micro‐ and macroscopic bottom‐up self‐assembly can be applied in 3D additive manufacturing.
Oat companion seeding rate, herbicide, and irrigation effects on alfalfa stand establishment
Authors: Roberts Carson D. , Yost Matt A. , Robins Joseph G. , Ransom Corey V. , Creech J. Earl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is often grown in water‐limited climates where available soil moisture is a key factor in determining the success or failure of new stand establishment. This study was conducted to determine optimal oat (Avena sativa L.) companion seeding rates for alfalfa establishment across a range of soil moisture levels. The effects of five oat seeding rates (0 [with and without herbicide], 11, 22, 45, and 89 kg ha−1) under five water levels on alfalfa stand establishment, forage yield, and nutritive value were evaluated at North Logan, UT, on a Millville silt loam soil (coarse‐silty, carbonatic, mesic Typic Haploxeroll) in 2019 and 2020. When soil moisture was adequate, first cut alfalfa stem density increased twofold as oat seeding rates decreased from 89 to 11 kg ha−1, but at low soil moisture levels stem density increased fivefold to sevenfold. At second cut, the only stem density differences that remained were at low irrigation. First cut forage yields were lowest in 0 kg ha−1 treatments and increased with increasing oat seeding rates. The opposite was true at second cutting, where yields were greatest where no oat had been planted. Yield differences were more extreme as soil moisture was reduced. The highest oat seeding rate had comparable weed control effects to the herbicide. Generally, the presence of either oat or weeds reduced forage nutritive value when compared to alfalfa alone. Reducing oat seeding rates or eliminating the companion crop altogether appears to improve alfalfa stand establishment when soil moisture is limited.
Direct Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives by Hydrative Amination of Alkynes
Authors: Feng Minghao , Tinelli Roberto , Meyrelles Ricardo , González Leticia , Maryasin Boris , Maulide Nuno 
Published: October 2022

Abstractα‐Amino acid derivatives are key components of the molecules of life. The synthesis of α‐amino carbonyl/carboxyl compounds is a contemporary challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a practical method for the preparation of α‐amino acid derivatives via direct hydrative amination of activated alkynes under mild conditions, relying on sulfinamides as the nitrogen source. Computational studies suggest that the reaction is enabled by a new type of sulfonium [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement.
Cu‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylaminotroponyl Sulfones as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Targeting lasI/R QS Circuitry
Authors: Meher Sagarika , Kumari Supriya , Dixit Manjusha , Sharma Nagendra K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe scarcity of novel bioactive molecules against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa is alarming. This bacterial virulence is regulated via Quorum sensing (QS), a cell‐cell communication process. Disabling QS circuits (las, pqs, rhl) with small molecules has been proposed as a potential strategy to prevent bacterial pathogenicity. This strategy focuses on interruption of bacterial virulence, rather than killing them to tackle the drug resistance problem. Herein, we describe the synthesis of rationally designed Alklyamionotroponyl Sulfone (ATS) derivatives by Cu‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H functionalization at tropone ring and the screening of their anti‐QS activity against P. aeruginosa. Importantly, two sulfones (∼20 μM) remarkably exhibit the down regulation of the lasI/R QS genes. These molecules also inhibit swarming motility, biofilm formation and pyocyanin production, which reduce P. aeruginosa virulence in cells. Hence, ATS derivatives could be considered as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Nanoparticle dose and antigen loading attenuate antigen‐specific T‐cell responses
Authors: Casey Liam M. , Decker Joseph T. , Podojil Joseph R. , Rad Laila , Hughes Kevin R. , Rose Justin A. , Pearson Ryan M. , Miller Stephen D. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmune‐mediated hypersensitivities such as autoimmunity, allergy, and allogeneic graft rejection are treated with therapeutics that suppress the immune system, and the lack of specificity is associated with significant side effects. The delivery of disease‐relevant antigens (Ags) by carrier systems such as poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles (PLG‐Ag) and carbodiimide (ECDI)‐fixed splenocytes (SP‐Ag) has demonstrated Ag‐specific tolerance induction in model systems of these diseases. Despite therapeutic outcomes by both platforms, tolerance is conferred with different efficacy. This investigation evaluated Ag loading and total particle dose of PLG‐Ag on Ag presentation in a coculture system of dendritic cells (DCs) and Ag‐restricted T cells, with SP‐Ag employed as a control. CD25 expression was observed in nearly all T cells even at low concentrations of PLG‐Ag, indicating efficient presentation of Ag by dendritic cells. However, the secretion of IL‐2, Th1, and Th2 cytokines (IFNγ and IL‐4, respectively) varied depending on PLG‐Ag concentration and Ag loading. Concentration escalation of soluble Ag resulted in an increase in IL‐2 and IFNγ and a decrease in IL‐4. Treatment with PLG‐Ag followed a similar trend but with lower levels of IL‐2 and IFNγ secreted. Transcriptional Activity CEll ARrays (TRACER) were employed to measure the real‐time transcription factor (TF) activity in Ag‐presenting DCs. The kinetics and magnitude of TF activity was dependent on the Ag delivery method, concentration, and Ag loading. Ag positively regulated IRF1 activity and, as carriers, NPs and ECDI‐treated SP negatively regulated this signaling. The effect of Ag loading and dose on tolerance induction were corroborated in vivo using the delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models where a threshold of 8 μg/mg Ag loading and 0.5 mg PLG‐Ag dose were required for tolerance. Together, the effect of Ag loading and dosing on in vitro and in vivo immune regulation provide useful insights for translating Ag‐carrier systems for the clinical treatment of immune disorders.
Prognostic value of lactate transporter SLC16A1 and SLC16A3 as oncoimmunological biomarkers associating tumor metabolism and immune evasion in glioma
Authors: Zhu Ting , Ge Xiaoqin , Gong Shengping , Guo Shenchao , Tao Qingsong , Guo Jianxin , Ma Ruishuang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypoxic microenvironment is immunosuppressive and protumorigenic, and elevated lactate is an intermediary in the modulation of immune responses. However, as critical lactate transporters, the role of SLC16A1 and SLC16A3 in immune infiltration and evasion of glioma is not fully elucidated.MethodsGene expression in low‐ and high‐grade glioma (LGG and GBM) was evaluated with TCGA database. The TISIDB, TIMER and CIBERSORT databases were utilized for the analysis of the correlation between SLC16A1 or SLC16A3 and immunocyte infiltration as well as immune checkpoints.ResultsCompared with normal tissues, a significant increase of both SLC16A1 and SLC16A3 was found in LGG and GBM, and closely related to the poor prognosis only in LGG. Cancer SEA indicated that SLC16A1 was involved in hypoxia while SLC16A3 contributed to metastasis and inflammation in glioma. The SLC16A3 expression was significantly correlated with neutrophil activation by GO analysis. TISCH showed the distribution of SLC16A1 on glioma cells and SLC16A3 on immune cells, which was correlated to tumor‐associated macrophages and neutrophils that are immunosuppressive. SLC16A1 and SLC16A3 were identified to tightly interacted with diverse immune checkpoints (especially PD1, PD‐L1, PD‐L2, Tim‐3) and immunosuppressive factors (TGF‐β and IL‐10) in glioma. Furthermore, SLC16A3 had a positive correlation to activation markers of tumor‐associated neutrophils and chemokines such as CCL2, CCL22, CXCR2, CXCR4 in LGG and CCL7, CCL20 CXCL8 in GBM, which could enhance infiltration of immunosuppressive cells to the tumor microenvironment.ConclusionIn general, our results suggest that SLC16A1 and SLC16A3 act as a bridge between tumor metabolism and immunity by promoting immunosuppressive cell infiltration, which contributes to immune evasion and a worse prognosis in glioma. Targeting SLC16A1 and SLC16A3 may provide novel therapeutic strategy for immunotherapy in glioma.
Meet online accessibility standards
Authors: Talarico Donna 
Published: October 2022

When you're creating social media graphics, downloadable lead magnets, new academic program pages for your website, and email newsletters, are you keeping accessibility in mind? I certainly hope so. It's not only required by federal law for many colleges and universities, but it's simply the right thing to do — and will most likely lead to a better experience for all, not just for students with disabilities.
Probing Interfacial Co‐Crystallisation using Simultaneous Potential and Current Measurements at Liquid‐Liquid Interfaces Polarised by Common Ion Approach
Authors: Kaliszczak Magdalena , Bamou Imane , Garcia‐Atance Marina , Jones Franca , Arrigan Damien W. M. , Herzog Grégoire 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe simultaneous measurement of potential and current variations at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions, which was polarised using tetraalkylammonium cations as a common ion, is reported here. Various concentration ratios of tetramethyl‐, tetraethyl‐, or tetrapropylammonium were dissolved in each phase. Such biphasic systems were then used to verify that the measured interfacial potential difference agreed with theory. This experimental set‐up was then used to probe the interfacial cocrystallisation process of hydrophilic, cationic caffeine with lipophilic 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphtoic acid (1H2N). The presence of caffeine in the aqueous phase led to higher current values, caused by interfacial charge transfer. Electrochemical noise analysis suggested that a two‐step process was occurring at the ITIES (i) a potential‐driven nucleation with the transfer of caffeine from the aqueous to the organic phase; (ii) a growth stage where the interfacial potential no longer plays a role.
Chiral chromatography and surface chirality of carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Hubbard Misché A. , Luyet Chloe , Kumar Prashant , Elvati Paolo , VanEpps J. Scott , Violi Angela , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChiral carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) represent a rapidly evolving area of research for optical and biomedical technologies. Similar to small molecules, applications of CNPs as well as fundamental relationships between their optical activity and structural asymmetry would greatly benefit from their enantioselective separations by chromatography. However, this technique remains in its infancy for chiral carbon and other nanoparticles. The possibility of effective separations using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chiral stationary phases remains an open question whose answer can also shed light on the components of multiscale chirality of the nanoparticles. Herein, we report a detailed methodology of HPLC for successful separation of chiral CNPs and establish a path for its future optimization. A mobile phase of water/acetonitrile was able to achieve chiral separation of CNPs derived from L‐ and D‐cysteine denoted as L‐CNPs and D‐CNPs. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the teicoplanin‐based stationary phase has a higher affinity for L‐CNPs than for D‐CNPs, in agreement with experiments. The experimental and computational findings jointly indicate that chiral centers of chiral CNPs are present at their surface, which is essential for the multiple applications of these chiral nanostructures and equally essential for interactions with biomolecules and circularly polarized photons.
Surgical treatment confers prognostic significance in pediatric malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors
Authors: Huang Ting‐Huan , Hung Giun‐Yi , Weng Te‐Fu , Wang Fu‐Mien , Lee Chih‐Ying , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Chen Bow‐Wen , Lin Kai‐Hsin , Wu Kang‐Hsi , Liu Hsi‐Che , Chen Jiann‐Shiuh , Jou Shiann‐Tarng , Hou Jen‐Yin , Yang Yung‐Li , Chen Shih‐Hsiang , Chang Hsiu‐Hao , Chiou Shyh‐Shin , Lin Pei‐Chin , Chen Rong‐Long , Hsiao Chih‐Cheng , Yen Hsiu‐Ju , Yang Chao‐Ping , Chang Te‐Kau , Lu Meng‐Yao , Cheng Chao‐Neng , Sheen Jiunn‐Ming , Liao Yu‐Mei , Su Min‐Yu , Yeh Ting‐Chi ,   Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare pediatric tumors that have a poorer prognosis compared to GCTs occurring elsewhere in the body. The current study aimed to assess the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of children with primary malignant mediastinal GCT in Taiwan.MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed children 0–18 years old who were newly diagnosed with primary malignant mediastinal GCT between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2019 and were registered in the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group patient registry. The impact of presenting characteristics, including sex, age, tumor stage, histology subtype, surgical treatment, and chemotherapy regimens of the patients were analyzed.ResultsThis study enrolled 52 children with malignant mediastinal GCT who had a median age of 16.0 (range, 6.0–17.9) years at diagnosis. The most common histological subtypes were mixed GCTs (n = 20) and yolk sac tumors (n = 15). Advanced disease stage and choriocarcinoma histology subtype were associated inferior outcomes. Children who received surgical treatment exhibited better outcomes compared to those who did not (5‐year overall survival, 78% vs. 7%, p < .001). After comparing patients who received first‐line cisplatin‐ and carboplatin‐based chemotherapy, no difference in treatment outcomes was observed. Multivariate analysis showed that surgical management was the only independent predictor for superior OS.ConclusionsSurgical treatment is recommended for mediastinal GCT. Cisplatin‐based chemotherapy was not superior to carboplatin‐based chemotherapy as first‐line treatment and may be avoided due to toxicity concerns.
Recent Advances in the Study of Negative‐Ion Resonances Using Multiconfigurational Propagator and a Complex Absorbing Potential
Authors: Das Subhasish , Samanta Kousik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transient resonances are a challenge to bound state quantum mechanics. These states lie in the continuum part of the spectrum of the Hamiltonian. For this, one has to treat a continuum problem due to electron‐molecule scattering and the many‐electron correlation problem simultaneously. Moreover, the description of a resonance requires a wavefunction that bridges the part that resembles a bound state with another that resembles a continuum state such that the continuity of the wavefunction and its first derivative with respect to the distance between the incoming projectile and the target is maintained. A review of the recent advances in the theoretical investigation of the negative‐ion resonances (NIR) is presented. The NIRs are ubiquitous in nature. They result from the scattering of electrons off of an atomic or molecular target. They are important for numerous chemical processes in upper atmosphere, space and even biological systems. A contextual background of the existing theoretical methods as well as the newly‐developed multiconfigurational propagator tools based on a complex absorbing potential are discussed.
Germination and field establishment of Indiangrass populations selected for greater laboratory seed germination in a simulated dry condition
Authors: Springer Tim , Moffet Corey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRapid seed germination followed by rapid seedling establishment are important traits for field establishment of grasses under variable climatic conditions. This research was designed to improve the seed germination of three Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] populations through two cycles of recurrent selection and to field test the nine populations. Two cycles of recurrent selection were used to develop C1 and C2 populations from three previously unselected populations of Indiangrass. Cycle 1 consisted of germinating 3,500 open‐pollinated seeds of each C0 population in water of −0.8 MPa potential for 7 d. All germinated seeds within 7 d were selected to create three C1 populations. Cycle 2 selection was like Cycle 1, except that C1 populations were used to develop three C2 populations. To test the effects of selection, four 50‐spikelet samples of the nine Indiangrass populations were germinated in water of −0.8 and 0 MPa potentials for 7 d for two seed harvests. Both water potentials produced a population × selection generation interaction (P ≤ .05). Different rates of gain among the Indiangrass populations for water potential treatments (−0.8 and 0 MPa) described the interactions. On average, C1 and C2 populations emerged and survived better than C0 populations in the field. Thus, the data suggest that recurrent selection for increased laboratory seed germination of Indiangrass in a low water potential not only improved the 7‐d laboratory seed germination, but seed mass and stand establishment as well.
Toward the sustainability state? Conceptualizing national sustainability institutions and their impact on policy‐making
Authors: Mathis Okka Lou , Rose Michael , Newig Jens , Bauer Steffen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe achievement of global sustainability and climate objectives rests on their incorporation into policy‐making at the level of nation‐states. Against this background, governments around the world have created various specialized sustainability institutions—councils, committees, ombudspersons, among others—in order to promote these agendas and their implementation. However, sustainability institutions have remained undertheorized and their impact on policy‐making is empirically unclear. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework for sustainability institutions and systematically explore their potential impact on more sustainable policy‐making. We define sustainability institutions as public, trans‐departmental and permanent national bodies with an integrated understanding of sustainability that considers socio‐ecological well‐being, global contexts and a future‐orientation. Drawing on literature on sustainability and long‐term governance as well as on illustrative case examples, we propose conducive conditions and pathways through which sustainability institutions may influence policy‐making. As conducive, we assume sustainability institutions' embodiment of sustainability governance principles as well as their authority, a strong legal basis, resources, and autonomy. Further, we outline how sustainability institutions can influence policy‐making based on their roles in the public policy process. We conclude that the increasing prevalence of national sustainability institutions indicates an ongoing shift from the environmental state toward a more comprehensive sustainability state. However, sustainability institutions can only be one building block of the sustainability state out of many, and their potential to reorient political decision‐making effectively toward the socio‐ecological transformation hinges upon individual design features such as their mandate, resources and authority, as well as on the specific governance context.
Targeting efficacy of spironolactone in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the TOPCAT study
Authors: Zhou Hui‐min , Zhan Rong‐jian , Chen Xuanyu , Lin Yi‐fen , Zhang Shao‐zhao , Zheng Huigan , Wang Xueqin , Huang Meng‐ting , Xu Chao‐guang , Liao Xin‐xue , Tian Ting , Zhuang Xiao‐dong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsWe aimed to explore the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) for spironolactone treatment in patients with Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and examine the efficacy and safety of spironolactone medication, ensuring a better individualized therapy.Methods and resultsWe used the causal forest algorithm to discover the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) from patients in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial. Cox regressions were performed to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) of spironolactone medication for cardiovascular death and drug discontinuation in each group. The causal forest model revealed three representative covariates and participants were partitioned into four subgroups which were Group 1 (baseline BMI ≤ 31.71 kg/m2 and baseline ALP ≤ 80 U/L, n = 759); Group 2 (BMI ≤ 31.71 kg/m2 and ALP > 80 U/L, n = 1088); Group 3 (BMI > 31.71 kg/m2, and WBC ≤ 6.6 cells/μL, n = 633); Group 4 (BMI > 31.71 kg/m2 and WBC > 6.6 cells/μL, n = 832), respectively. In the four subgroups, spironolactone therapy reduced the risk of cardiovascular death in high‐risk group (Group 4) with both high BMI and WBC count (HR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.99; P = 0.045) but increased the risk in low‐risk group (Group 1) with both low BMI and ALP (HR: 1.45; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.07; P = 0.041; P for interaction = 0.020) but showed similar risk of drug discontinuation (P for interaction = 0.498).ConclusionOur study manifested the HTEs of spironolactone in patients with HFpEF. Spironolactone treatment in HFpEF patients is feasible and effective in patients with high BMI and WBC while harmful in patients with low BMI and ALP. Machine learning model could be meaningful for improved categorization of patients with HFpEF, ensuring a better individualized therapy in the clinical setting.