bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of OCFHC/QCC and ZCC Based OCDMA System in Underwater Channel
Authors: Yadav Ajay , Kumar Ashok , Mukherjee Rahul , Katti Rohan , Deegwal Jitendra , Singh Ghanshyam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, the performance of one coincidence frequency hopping code/quadratic congruence code (OCFHC /QCC) based optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system is compared to zero cross-correlation (ZCC) based OCDMA system in the underwater channel. The influence of beam divergence, turbulence, and attenuation is considered while evaluation of the performance in underwater channel. The different water types which have been used for the analysis are pure sea, clear ocean, and coastal water. In the analysis, it has been evaluated and observed that the performance of OCFHC/QCC based OCDMA system is superior to ZCC based OCDMA system under certain conditions. It is also perceived that when multiple access interference (MAI) dominates in OCFHC/QCC based systems then ZCC performs comparatively better than OCFHC/QCC based OCDMA system. For OCFHC/QCC seven user system, P_E=10^{-9} is achieved with P_T=6 and 16 dBm in pure sea and clear ocean, respectively. Correspondingly, P_E=10^{-9} is possible with ZCC code when P_T=5 and 15 dBm in the same water types. In the coastal water, the performance of both codes is not good.
Clinicopathological features of corneal invasion by filtering bleb
Authors: Shi Minghua , Zhou Hezheng , Chen Simin , Wu Zuohong , Sun Zhong , Zhang Ying , Yang Wanju , Xing Yiqiao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: : To describe the clinicopathological characteristics and explore the possible etiology of cornea invasion by filtering bleb (CIFB) after filtering surgery.
Methods: We reviewed 22 patients treated for CIFB between March 2005 and March 2022. The patients were followed up for more than 1 year. Slit-lamp examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy, and histopathological examination were performed to observe the morphology of the bleb and depth of corneal invasion. Depending on the severity of the lesion, treatments consisting of local massage, acupuncture separation, or surgical resection were administered.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.3 ± 8.8 years. All patients underwent filtering surgery in the moderate or advanced stage of glaucoma. The filtering bleb was closely connected with the cornea, and its posterior boundary was locally adhered. Forward displacement of the internal opening of the filtering bleb was found in 4 of 7 surgically treated patients. OCT and pathological examination showed that the filtering blebs invaded the corneal stroma. Removal of the adhesion of the posterior boundary of the filtering bleb by different treatment methods successfully improved the patients’ conditions.
Conclusion: Filtering blebs can invade the corneal stroma. Adhesion of the posterior boundary and forward displacement of the internal opening of the filtering bleb are the possible causes of CIFB. Removal of the adhesion of the posterior boundary of the filtering bleb can halt the progression of CIFB.
Cryopreservation of two species of the multicellular volvocine green algal genus Astrephomene
Authors: Nozaki Hisayoshi , Mori Fumi , Tanaka Yoko , Matsuzaki Ryo , Yamashita Shota , Yamaguchi Haruyo , Kawachi Masanobu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Astrephomene is an interesting green algal genus that, together with Volvox, shows convergent evolution of spheroidal multicellular bodies with somatic cells of the colonial or multicellular volvocine lineage. A recent whole-genome analysis of A. gubernaculifera resolved the molecular-genetic basis of such convergent evolution, and two species of Astrephomene were described. However, maintenance of culture strains of Astrephomene requires rapid inoculation of living cultures, and cryopreserved culture strains have not been established in public culture collections.
Results: Here, conditions for cryopreservation of two species of Astrephomene were investigated using immature and mature vegetative colonies and two cryoprotectants: N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and hydroxyacetone (HA). Rates of cell survival of the A. gubernaculifera or A. perforata strain after two-step cooling and freezing in liquid nitrogen were compared between different concentrations (3% and 6%) of DMF and HA and two types of colonies: immature colonies (small colonies newly released from the parent) and mature colonies (large colonies just before daughter colony formation).
The highest rate of survival [11 ± 13% (0.36–33%) by the most probable number (MPN) method] of A. gubernaculifera strain NIES-4017 (established in 2014) was obtained when culture samples of immature colonies were subjected to cryogenic treatment with 6% DMF. In contrast, culture samples of mature colonies subjected to 3% HA cryogenic treatment showed the highest “MPN survival” [5.5 ± 5.9% (0.12–12%)] in A. perforata. Using the optimized cryopreservation conditions for each species, survival after freezing in liquid nitrogen was examined for six other strains of A. gubernaculifera (established from 1962 to 1981) and an A. perforata strain maintained in the Microbial Culture Collection at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (MCC-NIES). We obtained ≥ 0.1% MPN survival of the A. perforata strain. However, only one of the six strains of A. gubernaculifera showed < 0.1% MPN survival. Five cryopreserved strains of two species of Astrephomene will be deposited in the MCC-NIES.
Conclusions: The optimal cryopreservation conditions differed between the two species of Astrephomene. Cryopreservation of long-term-maintained strains of A. gubernaculiferamay be difficult; further studies of cryopreservation of these strains are needed.
Dynamic prospect theory - two core decision theories coexist in the gambling behavior of monkeys and humans
Authors: Tymula Agnieszka , Wang Xueting , Imaizumi Yuri , Kawai Takashi , Kunimatsu Jun , Matsumoto Masayuki , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research in the multidisciplinary field of neuroeconomics has been driven by two influential theories regarding human economic choice: prospect theory, which describes decision-making under risk, and reinforcement learning theory, which describes learning for decision-making. We hypothesized that these two distinct theories guide decision-making in a comprehensive manner. Here, we propose and test a new decision-making theory under uncertainty that combines these highly influential theories. Collecting many gambling decisions from laboratory monkeys allowed for reliable testing of our hybrid model and revealed a systematic violation of prospect theory’s assumption that probability weighting is static. Using the same experimental paradigm in humans, substantial similarities between monkey and human behavior were described by our hybrid model, which incorporates decision-by-decision learning dynamics of prediction errors into static prospect theory. Our new model provides a single unified theoretical framework for exploring the neurobiological model of economic choice in human and nonhuman primates.
Pharmacologic antagonism of CB1 receptors improves electrophysiological alterations in the 3-AP model of cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Ranjbar Hoda , Soti Monavareh , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Janahmadi Mahyar , Sheibani Vahid , Shabani Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although ataxia is associated with cerebellar dysfunction, little is known about the effects of ataxia on Purkinje cell electrophysiological properties. Here, we evaluated these parameters in cerebellar vermis brain slices. Purkinje cells were exposed to aCSF (control) or to 1 mM 3-acetyl pyridine (3-AP) in the recording chamber. Effects of a cannabinoid agonist (WIN; 7.5 nmol), and a cannabinoid antagonist (AM; 20 nmol) were evaluated under both conditions. Exposure to 3-AP induced dramatic changes in cellular excitability that likely would affect Purkinje cell output. In whole-cell current clamp recordings, 3-AP exposed Purkinje cells demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of action potentials, a larger afterhyperpolarization (AHP), and a larger rebound of action potentials. In addition, 3-AP caused a significant decrease in the interspike interval (ISI), half-width, and decreased the first spike latency. Remarkably, the action potential frequency, AHP amplitude, rebound, ISI, action potential halfwidth, and first spike latency were no longer different from controls in 3-AP cells treated with AM. Sag percentage, on the other hand, showed no significant difference under any treatment condition indicating that cannabinoids' actions on ataxia-mediated Purkinje cell changes may not include effects on neuronal excitability through changes of Ih. These data show that cannabinoid antagonists reduce the excitability of Purkinje cells in an ex vivo model of ataxia and suggest their potential as therapeutics in cerebellar dysfunctions.
Intestinal location- and age-specific variation of intraepithelial T lymphocytes and mucosal microbiota in pigs
Authors: Wiarda Jayne E. , Watkins Hannah R. , Gabler Nicholas K. , Anderson Christopher L. , Loving Crystal L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IELs) are T cells located within the epithelium that provide a critical line of immune defense in the intestinal tract. In pigs, T-IEL abundances and phenotypes are used to infer putative T-IEL functions and vary by intestinal location and age, though investigations regarding porcine T-IELs are relatively limited. In this study, we expand on analyses of porcine intestinal T-IELs to include additional phenotypic designations not previously recognized in pigs. We describe non-conventional CD8α+CD8β- αβ T-IELs that were most prevalent in the distal intestinal tract and primarily CD16+CD27-, a phenotype suggestive of innate-like activation and an activated cell state. Additional T-IEL populations included CD8α+CD8β+ αβ, CD2+CD8α+ γδ, and CD2+CD8α- γδ T-IELs, with increasing proportions of CD16+CD27- phenotype in the distal intestine. Thus, putative non-conventional, activated T-IELs were most abundant in the distal intestine within multiple γδ and αβ T-IEL populations. A comparison of T-IEL and respective mucosal microbial community structures across jejunum, ileum, and cecum of 5- and 7-week-old pigs revealed largest community differences were tissue-dependent for both T-IELs and the microbiota. Between 5 and 7 weeks of age, the largest shifts in microbial community compositions occurred in the large intestine, while the largest shifts in T-IEL communities were in the small intestine. Therefore, results indicate different rates of community maturation and stabilization for porcine T-IELs and the mucosal microbiota for proximal versus distal intestinal locations between 5 and 7 weeks of age. Collectively, data emphasize the intestinal tract as a site of location- and age-specific T-IEL and microbial communities that have important implications for understanding intestinal health in pigs.
Urdu translation and validation of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Children(CP QOL): Primary caregiver version
Authors: Arbab Khadija , Sanaullah Muhammad , Javed Muhammad Asif 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
Quality of life is a key feature to measure the progress in children with disability. Motor disability is major problem and it affect quality of life of cerebral palsy children.
Methods:
The objective of the study was to determine the psychometric properties of Urdu version of cerebral palsy quality of life children (CP QOL-Child) primary caregiver questionnaire.
Forward and backward translation for English version of CP QOL-child primary caregivers was performed following cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. Psychometric properties assessed include test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity. The Urdu CP QOL-Child was completed by 100 caregivers.
Results: 100 primary caregivers of CP children were included. internal consistency ranged from 0.607 ­- 0.916, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)) ranged from 0.865to 0.974. there was negative correlation between all domains of CP-QOL primary caregivers version and GMFCS except feeling about function domain.
Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the Urdu CP QOL-Child primary caregivers questionnaire appears to be valid for use in Urdu speaking primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy.
Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Local Management Strategy: the case of Adama City
Authors: Wodnimu Mesfin Alemu , Erena Sitotaw Haile , Reddy R. Uttama 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe economic losses and the number of people who have been vulnerable to natural disasters particularly flooding have increased dramatically over the past decades. The intensity of flood vulnerability is more severe in cities of developing countries. Adama City, which is located at the heart of Ethiopia is among the major cities regularly facing challenges of flood Vulnerability. This study was conducted with the objectives to assess the flood vulnerability and Management system of Adama city. To meet the intended objective, the study employed analytic hierarchy process using Geographic information system. To identify the flood hazard map later vulnerability, various factors such as slope, distance from the river, elevation, precipitation, NDVI, and population density were considered. As to hazard map is concerned, the results of the study showed that large areas of the city fall under moderate hazard zones followed by high hazard zones. The result further indicated that significant number of areas also fall under very high hazard zone. With regard to Vulnerability, large areas of the city (5941.44 hectare) fall under moderate flood vulnerability flowed by low (5217.66) and high (1661.58) hectares, respectively. Moreover, out of 18 villages, 8 of them (Badhatuu (07), Abba_Gadaa (12), Odaa (08), Gurmuu (06), Barreecha (11), Biqqa (10), Gaara Luugo (03), Caffee (13) partly experience very high levels of flood vulnerability. As to flood management is concerned, the result shows that the residents of Adama city are practicing peculiar flood management strategies such as flood septic tank in their garden, improve door size and gravel filling. To this end, it is highly recommended that these locations within high and very high hazard zone needs immediate intervention and decision making for future flood hazard management and planning of the city.
New failure mechanism for evaluating seismic and static undrained bearing capacity adjacent to slope
Authors: Fang Hongwei , Xu Yixiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The seismic or static undrained slip line field theory and Cauchy, Riemann, mixed boundary value problems for undrained soil slopes are derived. A new failure mechanism is proposed to determine the undrained bearing capacity adjacent to slopes. The effects of geometric or strength parameters and seismic forces on static and seismic undrained bearing capacity are investigated. The convergence of the proposed method is proved. The static and seismic undrained bearing capacities predicted by the proposed method are close to the current methods. The proposed method does not need to assume or search the failure modes, and a new limit state evaluation index is given.
Inhibition of Notch pathway Alleviates nab-Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rats via Suppressing HMGB1/TLR4 Signaling in Spinal Cord
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhou Yaqing , Ma Li , Li Weimiao , Shan Changyou , Zhang Shuqun , Zhao Yonglin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Paclitaxel is widely used in clinical treatment of cancer and peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse side effect of paclitaxel. Diverse mechanisms contribute to the development and maintenance of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the role of spinal notch pathway in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is not completely understood. In this study, we established an animal model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy using nab-paclitaxel. We found that the mechanical and thermal pain threshold of rats was decreased with treatment of nab-paclitaxel, accompanied by increased expression of Notch pathway related proteins, enhanced apoptosis, neuronal and axonal injury, and glial responses. Using DAPT, an inhibitor for notch pathway, could restore the mechanical and thermal threshold and decrease apoptosis, neuronal and axonal injury, and glial responses induced by nab-paclitaxel. DAPT relieved paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting activation of Notch pathway related proteins, then inhibited HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway, reduced the expression of inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and accelerated nerve regeneration. Taking together, our study demonstrated that Notch pathway may serve as a potential target for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy intervention.
Dynamics of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in gastric cancer patients underwent laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy
Authors: Tong Yi Xin , Gao Chun , Zeng Ci Dian Dan , Zhu Li , Zhang Sheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background: Postoperative complications and poor short-term outcomes were common among patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. This study aimed to explore the postoperative peripheral lymphocyte subsets dynamics and potential factors associated with decreased postoperative lymphocyte subset counts in patients with gastric cancer after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics of the included patients were retrospectively collected. We recorded the data of perioperative peripheral lymphocyte subset counts. We investigate the impact factors associated with decreased postoperative lymphocytes subset counts in univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: In total, 169 patients were included in the final analysis. On postoperative day 7, the median percentage of T cell, B cell, NK cell and memory T cell decrease was -26.1%, -30.8%, -44.8% and -2.3% respectively. The median percentage of naive T cell and regulatory T cell change was 6.0% and 15.0% respectively. Postoperative thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) treatment was a protective factor for postoperative T cell and B cell decrease (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, the independent predictive factors for postoperative T cell decrease were Interleukin-1β level (HR=3.66, p=0.01), operation time (HR=2.98, p=0.02) and Tα1 therapy (HR=0.15, p<0.01) Conclusions: Our findings revealed the dynamics and impact factors for postoperative lymphocyte subsets change in patients with gastric cancer after laparoscopic D2 gastrectomy. We also found that Tα1 treatment was a protective factor for postoperative T and B lymphocyte decrease.
eIF2α mediated integrated stress response connects multiple intracellular signaling to reprogram vascular smooth muscle cell fate in carotid plaques
Authors: Luo Jichang , Zhang Xiao , Li Wenjing , Wang Tao , Wu Yujie , Li Tianhua , Wang Yilin , Xu Wenlong , Ma Yan , Yang Bin , Luo Yumin , Yang Ge , Xu Ran , Jiao Liqun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
As a well-recognized pathological basis of ischemic stroke, the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis remain unclear. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The involvement of organelle dynamics has been uncovered in the development of atherosclerosis in the past decade. However, systematic studies still are rare on the relationship between organelle dynamics and the pathogenetic significance of multiple cellular stresses during atherosclerotic progression.
Methods
Transcriptomics from stable and vulnerable carotid plaques and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Primary VSMCs were isolated from the carotid plaques, followed by histopathological staining to determine the expression profile. The dynamics of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes were observed in primary VSMCs and VSMC cell lines by live-cell imaging. The underlying mechanisms of disordered organelle dynamics were investigated by comprehensive biological approaches.
Results
ER whorls, a representative structural change of ER stress, was the prominent dynamic reconstruction of VSMCs between vulnerable and stable plaques, followed by the fragmented mitochondria and enlarged lysosomes, which implies mitochondrial stress, and lysosomal defects, respectively. Induction of mitochondrial stress alleviated ER stress levels and autophagy in a dependent manner on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). Furthermore, eIF2α synchronized ER stress, mitochondrial stress and lysosomal defects were validated in clinical samples.
Conclusion
Morphological and functional changes of VSMCs’ organelles can provide reliable biomarkers to imply the progression of atherosclerosis, especially ER whorls. eIF2α is essential for integrating multiple stress signaling of VSMC’s behavior and fate.
Evaluating the Relationship between Patient Activation and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer (PwPC)
Authors: Vohra Yogesh , Brown Carolyn M. , Moczygemba Leticia R. , Wilfong Lalan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Advanced pancreatic cancer is synonymous with a high mortality rate, debilitating symptom profile, and minimal prolongation in overall survival. Therefore, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is important in patients with pancreatic cancer (PwPC). In chronic conditions patient activation is positively associated and higher HRQOL. However, no known study has evaluated patient activation, HRQOL, and their association in PwPC.
Methods: A 43-item cross-sectional survey assessed patient activation and HRQOL of patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Variables were analyzed descriptively, and relationships were assessed using bivariate statistics (sig p <0.05).
Results: 56 patients participating in the study had an average age of 69.5+11.1 years, and the majority were females (51.8%), Caucasians (61.8%), married/partnered (64.3%) and had at least a college degree (59%). Almost half were at stage 4 (48.2%), and most were newly diagnosed (66.1%). Mean patient activation score was 63.5+17.2 (scale range: 0-100), with most at higher activation levels of 3 or 4 (66.7%). Mean HRQOL score of 41.0+12.7 (scale range: 0-72) was low. Patient activation levels, age, education level, and gender explained 21% of variation in overall HRQOL scores. Patients at activation level 4 had significantly higher overall HRQOL versus those at lower activation (level 1 or 2). Higher patient activation was significantly associated with having either private insurance only or multiple insurances and being partnered.
Conclusion: Patient activation significantly predicted HRQOL in PwPC despite the low sample size. Initiatives to increase patient activation should focus on patients of low socioeconomic status and those without partner support.