bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Capture, Utilisation & Storage in Offshore Facilities
Authors: Nwosu Jazzpin-Cross Chiemerie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A group of technological procedures known as "carbon capture and storage" involve transferring and injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) that has been captured from industrial waste gases into geological formations. The acronym CCUS, or carbon capture, utilization, and storage, is a key technique for reducing emissions that can be used across the energy system. Meeting the fluctuating need for energy while reducing the harmful effects on the environment are two challenges faced by oil and gas production in floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO)units. The most crucial operational parameters to reduce energy demand, boost efficiency, and enhance production are identified in this study through the integration of screening analysis and thermodynamic analysis of oil and gas processing plants. Therefore, the primary objectives of this work are to determine how much the operational parameters of an FPSO with carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS) contribute to the overall effect. The input parameters for the sensitivity analysis are chosen from some thermodynamic and structural design variables. To accomplish the objectives, four machine learning-based screening analysis algorithms—Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) are used. The impact of three actual crude oil compositions with different GORs and CO2 contents is evaluated. The optimal operating pressure settings of CCS greatly minimize the energy consumption and exergy destruction of the main and utility plants, according to a combination of thermodynamic and screening evaluations. The findings also showed that while the total oil output is solely affected by the GOR content, the total power consumption, CCS efficiency, and CCS power consumption are all significantly more sensitive to the fluid reservoir's CO2 content than GOR. The impact of design variable interactions is also critical in affecting the separation efficiency and/or compression unit performance for situations with high CO2 or GOR content.
Building Safe CO2 Transport Infrastructure: The Cornerstone of CCUS
Authors: Simon Louis , Thebault Florian , Obeidat Anas , Bouchart Nicolas , Faramarzi Leila 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper captures key aspects for design of CO2 transport pipelines and aims to make these available to project developers, decision makers and regulators working on CO2 transport projects.
Currently the regulations and standards used for CO2 pipelines mainly originate in natural gas pipeline codes. Hazards, risks, and design practices for natural gas presently serve as a compass in CO2 risk assessment. It is true that the closest experience for dense phase CO2 transport is natural gas. However, there are stark differences between the two fluids. These differences are mainly due to the thermophysical properties of dense phase CO2. Using the existing models to predict properties such as the solubility limit of water in a CO2 stream may lead to inaccurate results for industrially captured CO2 which often carries a range of impurities. The correct prediction of water solubility in CO2 streams (both gas and dense phase) is vital since water drop out can lead to corrosion failure in steel pipelines in presence of impurities. This paper shows the extent of general corrosion in CO2 pipes in presence of acidic impurities that lead to low pH levels. Based on the findings, it is concluded that pipeline operators must eliminate the risk of aqueous phase water formation in the pipe by using appropriate and sufficiently designed dehydration processes. The risk of residual water through the startup phase and formation of water through transient operations (caused by CO2 phase change) must also be carefully considered in the design.
Combining Renewable Microgrids and Energy Storage: Decarbonizing Offshore Assets by Means of Offshore Floating Solar and Wind
Authors: Ventrelli Saverio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel concept that enables offshore operators to power their facilities with renewable microgrids consisting of offshore wind units (floating or bottom fixed) or floating solar arrays or a combination of the two. The offshore wind turbine can have a generation capacity of either 11 or 14 megawatts (MW). The modular offshore floating solar farm concept is designed for high-wave, saltwater environments – with generating capacities ranging from 1 – 100 MW. A battery energy storage solution (BESS) is included as part of the microgrid, along with AC power distribution, transformers, switchboards, and a power management system (PMS).
The renewables-based microgrid can be connected to any production (fixed or floating) or drilling installation via a subsea cable -- preferably up to 2 kilometers in length (or longer if required). The concept is highly scalable and can be deployed to match the load profile and power needs of the host facility. Stable power provided by the microgrid enables a reduction in localized electricity generation from existing onboard diesel or gas turbine generators. The improved energy mix with wind/solar and energy storage combined can reduce carbon emissions up to estimated 60-70% when compared to conventional generation with gas turbines.
Machine Learning in Automating Carbon Storage Site Assessment
Authors: Dong Zexuan , Folmar Ilyana , Chen Jay , Lu Ligang , Su Qiushuo , Seth Puneet , Sidahmed Mohamed , Sarfare Manoj , Akil Ihab 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo store CO2 in depleted oil and gas fields or saline aquifers, a detailed site assessment is typically done manually, which is time-consuming and costly, as there are large number of older wells with poor quality records. The study presented here will leverage cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) tools like Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to automate the legacy well assessment for efficient decision-making in storage site selection, thus reducing human effort. Results from our preliminary tests show that with this approach one can extract 80% of the desired information from various data sources including hand-written well reports and analyze information to accelerate CO2 storage risk level estimation.
Agile Project Management and its Application to Delivering an Integrated Subsurface Model of a Giant Middle Eastern Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Valente Alexander Ashcroft , Contreras Perez David Rafael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract & Introduction
Agile Project Management has received a significant amount of attention in the oil and gas industry over the past five years. Companies have increasingly focused on digitalisation in an attempt to generate additional value from their existing business, and to keep up in a fast changing global marketplace. The uptake of an Agile Approach in the industry has however, been markedly slower than in other industries. Management consultants promoting an agile approach have often presented case studies with limited relevance to oil and gas projects, which has led to scepticism within the workforce. An Abu Dhabi offshore company successfully applied techniques adapted from Agile Project Management during a major reservoir modelling project of a giant oil field. Elements of the agile approach, such as the concept of the Minimum Viable Product, were found to be key enablers in the development of more efficient reservoir modelling workflows. Furthermore, these techniques were effective in overcoming challenges related to remote working, resource constraints, and contradictory field data. This paper introduces the Agile Project Management approach and shares experience of how it can be applied effectively to subsurface modelling projects.
Role of Third-Party Certification and Verification for Geological Storage (and EOR) Projects
Authors: Mackie Elizabeth , Aarnes Jørg 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
For the rapid deployment of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS), a couple of key requirements are essential. These include a long-term price for carbon, established rules and regulations, public acceptance, and an enabling environment for hub style developments. Where regulations are immature or where public confidence in the technology is low, third-party certification can help support and expedite deployment. Certification or verification can be done against international standards such as ISO27914:2017 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage — Geological storage and ISO 27916:2019 Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR). These standards represent an international consensus on the requirements for the safe and effective storage of CO2 in geological formations.
Certification and verification can support:
Building trust with a range of public and private stakeholder; demonstrating that international best practice has been adopted particularly in regions where CO2 is being stored for the first time. Government and the regulators with assurance that an independent third party has reviewed CO2 storage plans for their projects and confirmed their alignment with the most comprehensive international standard. ISO 27914 and ISO 27916 together with other industry guidelines can support CCS project development and permitting and approval especially in locations where CCUS regulation are immature or absent. Attracting partners to the project: certification will provide an additional level of confidence in the work performed. Compliance with EU Sustainable Taxonomy / license to operate, e.g., for a non-EU supplier that wishes to export a carbon intense product offset by carbon storage activities. The EU Sustainable Taxonomy requires that carbon storage site(s) comply with the ISO 27914.
Certification can be mapped to all stages of a CO2 storage and EOR project lifecycle. We will present examples where third-party certification and verification against international standards has helped support project development and deployment.
I Own, I Operate, and I Maintain – Operator Basic Care
Authors: Saleh Mohamed Mohammed Salem , Al Shemeili Ahmed Abdulla Mohammed Erhama , Al Hadhrami Omar Awadh Halabi , Sandel Saleh , Al Menhali Jameel Abubaker , Al Sharji Talal , Ibrahim Omar , Paino Suharjo , Kodaikanal Ananda Narayanan Vinoth Kanna , Balakrishnan Hemant Kumar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Oil and gas assets are operated with large sized machines such as compressors, pumps, turbines, furnaces etc., which require continuous attention in terms of operations and maintenance. Experienced operators who are continuously attached with these machines and equipment are in a better position to look, listen and feel the need for minor adjustments and maintenance requirements of these machines.
Operator Basic Care is part of operations initiative in line with Total Productive Maintenance, wherein machine adjustments and minor maintenance are performed by operators who are deemed to have unique knowledge about the equipment. In other words, experienced operator owns Level −1 maintenance activities under I own, I operate, and I maintain philosophy.
Experienced operators owning the level-1 maintenance activities makes the machines much more reliable in addition to providing Total Employee Engagement.
A Quantum Gravity AI Framework for CO2 Storage Monitoring and Optimization
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Al Shehri Abdallah , Al Qasim Abdulaziz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gravimetry is a physical method with a large depth of investigation. Traditional applications include surface gravity observations for mining and oil exploration and borehole gravity logging for investigating formation bulk density. Quantum gravity sensors have recently been developed allowing to achieve considerably higher accuracy and signal to noise ratios as compared to conventional gravimetric approaches. Borehole gravity data have some advantages over the surface data, because the sensors are closer to the reservoir better spatial resolution is obtained; and because the deep borehole gravity data are less affected than surface data by near surface changes.
We have developed a new AI driven framework for the interpretation and monitoring of CO2 migration for CO2 storage applications. The framework utilize an integrated LSTM -Bayesian inference framework approach that to determine the gravity gradient within the reservoir and infer from this the possible movement in the reservoir. The LSTM framework evaluates the time lapse gravity gradient changes to infer from it the migration of the CO2 movement.
We evaluated the framework on a public benchmark dataset of the Pohokura field in New Zealand. The Pohokura field in New Zealand has been investigated as a reservoir for CO2 storage given its acceptable reservoir quality and seal rock structure. The framework was evaluated on simulated CO2 storage migration patterns with multiple scenarios, taking into account the uncertainties that may arise with respect to various potential CO2 migration scenarios. The study outlines the enhanced accuracy and tracking of CO2 front movement within the reservoir based on quantum gravity sensors integrated with an AI framework.
The deep learning framework represents an important step at utilizing quantum borehole gravity sensing for CO2 movement monitoring and the optimization of CO2 storage. The AI framework outlined the considerable potential of quantum gravity sensing for CO2 storage monitoring and optimization.
More Energy & Less Emission from Waste Heat – Case Study
Authors: Dutt Indrajit , Al Ketbi Waneya , Salem Saeed Al Jenaibi Eisa , Sajjad Saqib 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
ADNOC Sustainability Strategy targets to reduce Green House Gas Intensity by 25% in year 2030. With the aim to support this initiative, ADNOC Gas Processing has initiated a project to utilize waste energy from SRU Incinerator stack exhaust to generate High Pressure Steam and reduce fuel consumption in the existing facility boilers. The Waste Heat Recovery project is considered as a major contributor to ADNOC Gas Processing Decarbonization road map.
ADNOC Gas Processing operates gas processing plants which are complemented by Sulphur Recovery Units (SRUs), to extract Sulphur product from sour gas impurities like H2S. The effluent tail gas from the SRUs is incinerated to reduce release of remaining acid gas components to atmosphere. The high temperature of the Incinerator stack exhaust offers an attractive option for heat recovery. Feasibility Study assures the potential of extraction of the waste heat from the SRU Incinerators for power and / or steam generation.
Various options were explored during feasibility stage to utilize the extracted waste heat: Steam production,Electric Power generation andCombined Steam / Power generation.
For steam production configurations of water tube boiler and fired tube boiler were evaluated. Also, for power generation, Organic Rankine Cycle and back pressure steam turbines were checked.
Feedback from reputed suppliers were considered during the feasibility study. Locations for the new units were studied. Utility requirements were evaluated and tie-in locations with existing system were identified. Based on the feasibility study, steam generation was technically and economically viable option. The power generation option was not found favorable for further evaluation. Accordingly, conceptual design for new Waste Heat Recovery Unit for steam generation using exhaust gases from SRU Incinerator stacks has been proceeded with by ADNOC Gas Processing.
Introducing Energy Competencies for Smart Growth of Youth
Authors: Al Zaabi Fatima Ahmed , Sajjad Saqib 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In an industry with energy intensive operation such as oil and gas, and with rising environmental challenges; doubts whether the industry is considered part of the problem or can be viewed as an enabler to minimize footprints. The workforce qualification on energy efficiency requirement through a competency-based model is a strategic approach to coop with the challenges. With the shift in workforce demographic to a younger employee, there was more emphasis on the introduction of energy competency for smart growth of youth.
This paper present how introducing energy competencies supports the smart growth of younger workforce. ADNOC has developed a corporate wide energy efficiency discipline competency through effectively defining discipline consideration in industry, understand evolving challenges and creating the energy efficiency skill profile as part of its competency library. The skill profile included conventional competencies such as pumps, compressors, refrigeration, and steam & condensate. As well as, evolving competencies including energy policy and strategy, environment, flaring and emissions, waste heat recovery and renewable energy. The developed energy efficiency competencies were integrated with business processes for effective utilization through the career development and assessment system and the personal development plan.
With the introduction of the competencies, challenges such as diversity of operations, proficiency level allocation and the evolving global challenges were discussed. Opportunities rely within the systematic approach for development, broadness of categories within the competency library and line managers role in utilizing the development model to upskill their young employee's capabilities.
Striving Toward Zero Harm: How the Roll-Out of a Digital Application Helped a Global Company Increase Employee Engagement and Improve EHS Performance
Authors: Yaqoob Shamrose , Khan Salman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a simple and intuitive digital Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS) application designed to raise awareness of occupational health and safety and sustainably promote responsible worker behavior. The application (formally named "Zero Harm Engagement") was initially developed for use within the author's company's Middle East business hub. However, after seeing positive results in terms of both engagement and EHS performance locally, it was rolled out globally across the entire organization. In the six months after the application was launched, over 3,000 "zero harm" engagements were registered/recorded. Accidents and injury rates across the company were reduced by ~30%.
The application was developed at virtually zero cost using Power Apps under the Microsoft 365 suite and did not require high-end software engineering resources/expertise. The paper will provide an in-depth look at the contents and functionality of the app and discuss the impact it has had on company EHS performance since being deployed.
Novel Adaptive Approach for Applying and Combining Traditional Waterfall and Agile Project Management Methodologies
Authors: Farahat Abdallah Magdy , Defina Domenico 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In modern oil and gas projects, especially in brown field contexts, there are always challenges of working with uncertainties and un-definitions in particular at the late stage of project development. On the other hand, engineering firms need to adapt and implement these changes, in every phase of the development cycle, with high accuracy to reduce delay time and meet client expectations. Hybrid Agile methods ensure that change can be adopted during the development process since they are based on an empirical control model that works through frequent increments, inspections and adaptations.
During a brownfield NGL project, EniProgetti Egypt was responsible for detailed design engineering activities to replace traditional cold box heat exchanger with Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE). The early phase of the project was characterized by collaborations with involved stakeholders from operations and projects departments in order to define the requirements. Due to the fact that the project was executed in detail engineering following feasibility study neglecting the intermediate front-end engineering design (FEED) phase, there were several criticalities, project un-definitions, risks and uncertainties. This continuous change and uncertainties were a trigger to enable the hybrid agile project management approach, which combines waterfall model and agile. This approach was followed to allow the execution of the engineering design respecting quality standards, meeting deadlines and optimizing the project budget.
The paper presents efficient ways to implement and tailor the agile approach in oil and gas projects and how it can be combined with the structured waterfall methodology. The Scrum framework was activated in the early stage of the project development to create the product backlog and categorize requirements and feature stories. Planning was done via Gantt-Agile to outline the devoted deliverable through multiple sprints and monitor performance with S-curve dashboards and burn down charts. The Scrumban with sprint cycles has been applied to each sprint, ending with a review and retrospective meeting to identify lessons learned and improve the remaining sprints.
The findings presented in this paper are a novel adaptation of the Agile framework and the predictive methodology for oil and gas projects that determine the important tailor-made process that directly impacts the project success, which in turn helps formulate policies to ensure reliable planning and execution.
Ruwad National Training Framework
Authors: Al Lamki Hanan , Al Omairi Zahir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A country grows depending on its people talent, dedication, and creativity. Giving emphasize to people development and enhancing their competencies is a result of understanding of the country's need to have fresh minds and importance of onboarding talents at their early stages to experience work environment and obtain the required exposure. The business has always kept an eye on developing fresh graduates and secure the best opportunities for their capability to grow as well as supporting them to get positions that support their career paths. Gaining experience can be through actual practical processes on how work is implemented or as easy as being a part of a team or shadowing team members or leaders for soft skills learning.
The idea of initiating a program such as "Ruwad" came from the lack of opportunities provided in the market for graduates, and the fact of having a market that is demanding experienced candidate to be hired. It's also linked to the need of having skilled nationals in the country to work in different areas and support building a succession plan to replace expats working in core roles. As part of in country value (ICV) commitment required by operators to be achieved through the business, this program focuses on providing exposure to national workforce or candidates as part of their development and contribution to the country which is one of the main elements of Oman vision 2040. It worth to highlight that the program is also formed to meet the market need on experienced graduates from multiple disciplines (technical & on-technical). Initiating this program within bp Oman will benefit the graduates to have the right skills and understanding when required which will give them the opportunity to play an important role as a member contributing to the country's economy.
bp Oman has always strive to promote ICV. It is engaged in various forums and initiatives to create an advanced marketplace, adequate utilization of national's abilities and knowledge. Through Ruwad program we are setting the fundamentals for effective training program and enable main stakeholder to be part of our strategic plan as well as giving them the required tools to adopt our path where the cycle of learning and expertise will be rolling continuously.