bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opposing roles of HDAC6 in liver regeneration and hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Phorl Sophors , Memon Azra , Seo Yuri , Hoang Thi Oanh , Tran Trung Nghia , Nguyen Le Minh Tri , Lee Chang Hoon , Lee Woon Kyu , Lee Joo‐Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHistone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a deacetylase of p53, has emerged as a privileged inhibitory target for cancer therapy because of its deacetylating activity for p53 at K120 and K373/382. However, intricate roles of HDAC6 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis have been suggested by recent evidence, namely that HDAC6 ablation suppresses innate immunity, which plays critical roles in tumor immunosurveillance and antitumor immune responses. Therefore, it is valuable to determine whether HDAC6 ablation inhibits hepatocellular carcinogenesis using in vivo animal models. Here, we firstly showed that HDAC6 ablation increased K320 acetylation of p53, known as pro‐survival acetylation, in all tested animal models but did not always increase K120 and K373/382 acetylation of p53, known as pro‐apoptotic acetylation. HDAC6 ablation induced cellular senescence in primary MEFs and inhibited cell proliferation in HepG2 cells and liver regeneration after two‐thirds partial hepatectomy. However, the genetic ablation of HDAC6 did not inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis, but instead slightly enhanced it in two independent mouse models (DEN + HFD and DEN + TAA). Notably, HDAC6 ablation significantly promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in a multiple DEN treatment hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mouse model, mimicking chronic DNA damage in the liver, which correlated with hyperacetylation at K320 of p53 and a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our data from three independent in vivo animal HCC models emphasize the importance of the complex roles of HDAC6 ablation in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, highlighting its immunosuppressive effects.
An exploratory study of the impact of COVID‐19 on foster parenting
Authors: Hanlon Ryan , Kim JaeRan , Woo Cossette , Day Angelique , Vanderwill Lori , Dallimore Elise 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 virus began to spread in the United States of America, states' child welfare administrators and policymakers responded differently. Some states implemented more restrictive policies, some less or did not require many restrictions (i.e., stay at home orders or masking in public spaces). Video‐based online focus groups with foster parents in four states utilized a consensual qualitative approach to identify themes relating to foster parenting during COVID‐19 and understand how policies related to COVID‐19 restrictions affected their caregiving decisions. Themes that emerged included pathways to foster parenting pre‐pandemic, the impact of COVID‐19 on both foster parents, children in care, and foster parents' ability to understand the broader importance of their caregiving. While participants in all of the states reported similar experiences relating to the need for resources and support and the challenge of managing both work and remote education for their children, those in states with restrictive policies were more likely to report pandemic‐specific concerns including a lack of agency communication or case progress, the mental health toll on foster children in their care and their concerns about accepting new placements. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Occurrence–habitat mismatching and niche truncation when modelling distributions affected by anthropogenic range contractions
Authors: Pang Sean E. H. , Zeng Yiwen , De Alban Jose Don T. , Webb Edward L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsHuman‐induced pressures such as deforestation cause anthropogenic range contractions (ARCs). Such contractions present dynamic distributions that may engender data misrepresentations within species distribution models. The temporal bias of occurrence data—where occurrences represent distributions before (past bias) or after (recent bias) ARCs—underpins these data misrepresentations. Occurrence–habitat mismatching results when occurrences sampled before contractions are modelled with contemporary anthropogenic variables; niche truncation results when occurrences sampled after contractions are modelled without anthropogenic variables. Our understanding of their independent and interactive effects on model performance remains incomplete but is vital for developing good modelling protocols. Through a virtual ecologist approach, we demonstrate how these data misrepresentations manifest and investigate their effects on model performance.LocationVirtual Southeast Asia.MethodsUsing 100 virtual species, we simulated ARCs with 100‐year land‐use data and generated temporally biased (past and recent) occurrence datasets. We modelled datasets with and without a contemporary land‐use variable (conventional modelling protocols) and with a temporally dynamic land‐use variable. We evaluated each model's ability to predict historical and contemporary distributions.ResultsGreater ARC resulted in greater occurrence–habitat mismatching for datasets with past bias and greater niche truncation for datasets with recent bias. Occurrence–habitat mismatching prevented models with the contemporary land‐use variable from predicting anthropogenic‐related absences, causing overpredictions of contemporary distributions. Although niche truncation caused underpredictions of historical distributions (environmentally suitable habitats), incorporating the contemporary land‐use variable resolved these underpredictions, even when mismatching occurred. Models with the temporally dynamic land‐use variable consistently outperformed models without.Main conclusionsWe showed how these data misrepresentations can degrade model performance, undermining their use for empirical research and conservation science. Given the ubiquity of ARCs, these data misrepresentations are likely inherent to most datasets. Therefore, we present a three‐step strategy for handling data misrepresentations: maximize the temporal range of anthropogenic predictors, exclude mismatched occurrences and test for residual data misrepresentations.
Age‐differences in network models of self‐regulation and executive control functions
Authors: Neubeck Markus , Johann Verena E. , Karbach Julia , Könen Tanja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelf‐regulation (SR) and executive control functions (EF) are broad theoretical concepts that subsume various cognitive abilities supporting the regulation of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. However, many of these concepts stem from different psychological disciplines relying on distinct methodologies, such as self‐reports (common in SR research) and performance‐based tasks (common in EF research). Despite the striking overlap between SR and EF on the theoretical level, recent evidence suggests that correlations between self‐report measures and behavioral tasks can be difficult to observe. In our study, participants from a life‐span sample (14–82 years) completed self‐report measures and behavioral tasks, which were selected to include a variety of different facets of SR (e.g., sensation seeking, mindfulness, grit, or eating behavior) and EF (working memory, inhibition, shifting). Using this broad approach, we systematically investigated connections and overlap of different aspects of SR and EF to improve their conceptual understanding. By comparing network models of a youth, middle‐aged, and older‐aged group, we identified key variables that are well connected in the SR and EF construct space. In general, we found connections to be stronger within the clusters of SR and EF than between them. However, older adults demonstrated more connections between SR and EF than younger individuals, likely because of declining cognitive resources.
Idaho's Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Managed Aquifer Recharge Program
Authors: Hipke Wesley , Thomas Paul , Stewart‐Maddox Noah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer (ESPA), Idaho's largest and most productive aquifer, has experienced substantial decline since the early 1950s due to changing climate conditions, increased demands, and evolving irrigation practices. To address this issue, the Idaho Water Resource Board (IWRB) developed the ESPA Comprehensive Aquifer Management Plan (CAMP). The CAMP outlines methods and goals for the replenishment of the aquifer, including the development of a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) program. In 2014, the State of Idaho has provided dedicated, long‐term funding for the MAR with the goal of achieving an average annual recharge rate of 0.3084 km3 (250,000 ac/ft). Since then, the IWRB has invested over $16 million dollars in investigations and infrastructure improvements to support MAR operations and program build‐out, resulting in an addition of over 62.3 m3/s (2,200 cfs) of instantaneous MAR capacity and total programmatic recharge of over 2.2203 km3 (1.8 million acre‐feet). Overall, the program has added an average of 0.3207 km3 (260,000 ac/ft) per year to the aquifer. Utilizing existing infrastructure and the IWRB's natural flow water rights has significantly reduced programmatic costs. The program's cost for conducting MAR since 2014 is $0.01 per cubic meter or $18 per acre‐foot accounting for capital cost, conveyance fees, operation and maintenance, and monitoring cost. Future capacity increases are planned to further assist the program in capturing excess water when it is available.
Pharmacokinetic profile of children with haemophilia A receiving low‐dose FVIII prophylaxis in Indonesia: A single centre experience
Authors: Primacakti Fitri , Sari Teny T. , Gatot Djajadiman , Sjakti Hikari A. , Chozie Novie A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmacokinetic (PK) studies of low‐dose prophylaxis (LDP) of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in children with severe haemophilia A (SHA) are scarce.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the PK profile of children with SHA receiving LDP of FVIII.MethodsPaediatric patients receiving FVIII infusions (10 IU/kg twice weekly) were included. PK profiles were estimated using the Web Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic Service for Haemophilia (WAPPS‐Haemo). The primary outcomes were the terminal half‐life (t1/2), concentration–time profile, and time to reach an FVIII level of < 1%. The secondary outcome was the suggested dosing interval of FVIII prophylaxis based on the individual PK profile.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were recruited; their mean age was 12.3 ± 3.0 years. The t1/2 differed among patients receiving LDP of FVIII twice weekly, with a median of t1/2 was 14.8 h (IQR 12.6–16). The median time to reach an FVIII level of < 1% was 73.8 h (IQR 58.8–80.3). Most patients could maintain a trough level of FVIII > 1% longer than 48 h. At 72–96 h, patients needed a second dose of FVIII infusion because the FVIII level was < 1%. The suggested dosing interval of FVIII prophylaxis ranged from daily to every 96 h, depending on the individual PK profile.ConclusionOur study identified inter‐individual differences in the PK parameters using LDP of FVIII twice weekly. The inter‐individual results in different dosing intervals advise the timing of LDP. Estimating individual PK parameters enables the identification of the optimal prophylaxis frequency to prevent bleedings.
Impacts of organisational culture on academic efficiency and productivity in selected private universities in the Niger delta region of Nigeria
Authors: Okure Dominic Uduakabasi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganisational efficiency is a consistent quality that derives more from and thrives on strong internal culture than on isolated instances of timely and effortless accomplishments by corporate systems. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between organisational culture and enhanced productivity and efficiency among members of five universities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which with its peculiarities provided a unique context for the study. The quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data collection among 104 respondents. Faculty were assessed on the direct impacts of their organisations' culture on their research and publication, creativity and innovativeness, among others, while students were assessed on learning, career prospects and others. The study suggested that most of the five universities had no well‐articulated organisational culture. This significantly compromises their unique value addition to the educational system, implying that they risk losing their relative advantages unless they fortify their organisational cultural frontiers.
Thymic and extrathymic Aire‐expressing cells in maternal‐fetal tolerance*
Authors: Sun Im‐Hong , Gillis‐Buck Eva , Mackenzie Tippi C. , Gardner James M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHealthy pregnancy requires maternal immune tolerance to both fetal and placental tissues which contain a range of self‐ and non‐self‐antigens. While many of the components and mechanisms of maternal‐fetal tolerance have been investigated in detail and previously and thoroughly reviewed (Erlebacher A. Annu Rev Immunol. 2013;31:387–411), the role of autoimmune regulator (Aire), a critical regulator of central tolerance expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), has been less explored. Aire is known to facilitate the expression of a range of otherwise tissue‐specific antigens (TSAs) in mTECs, and here we highlight recent work showing a role for mTEC‐mediated thymic selection in maintaining maternal‐fetal tolerance. Recently, however, our group and others have identified additional populations of extrathymic Aire‐expressing cells (eTACs) in the secondary lymphoid organs. These hematopoietic antigen‐presenting cells possess the ability to induce functional inactivation and/or deletion of cognate T cells, and deletion of maternal eTACs during pregnancy increases T‐cell activation in the lymph nodes and lymphocytic infiltration of the uterus, leading to pregnancy complications including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal resorption. In this review, we briefly summarize findings related to essential Aire biology, discuss the known roles of Aire‐deficiency related to pregnancy complications and infertility, review the newly discovered role for eTACs in the maintenance of maternal‐fetal tolerance—as well as recent work defining eTACs at the single‐cell level—and postulate potential mechanisms by which eTACs may regulate this process.
The global ‘hot shop’: COVID‐19 as a union organising catalyst
Authors: Maffie Michael David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is an emerging narrative that the global COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a resurgence of labour activism. Despite this popular narrative, scholars lack empirical data on the relationship between workers' exposure to the pandemic and their interest in collective representation. Using original survey data from 240 ride‐hail drivers, I find that greater exposure to the COVID‐19 virus is associated with greater interest in joining a labour union. This article provides the first empirical evidence linking the COVID‐19 pandemic to the recent wave of labour activism, giving rise to what I refer to as a ‘global hot shop’ phenomenon.
Dewlap colour variation in Anolis sagrei is maintained among habitats within islands of the West Indies
Authors: Scherrer Raphaël , Donihue Colin M. , Reynolds Robert Graham , Losos Jonathan B. , Geneva Anthony J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnimal signals evolve in an ecological context. Locally adapting animal sexual signals can be especially important for initiating or reinforcing reproductive isolation during the early stages of speciation. Previous studies have demonstrated that dewlap colour in Anolis lizards can be highly variable between populations in relation to both biotic and abiotic adaptive drivers at relatively large geographical scales. Here, we investigated differentiation of dewlap colouration among habitat types at a small spatial scale, within multiple islands of the West Indies, to test the hypothesis that similar local adaptive processes occur over smaller spatial scales. We explored variation in dewlap colouration in the most widespread species of anole, Anolis sagrei, across three characteristic habitats spanning the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands, namely beach scrub, primary coppice forest and mangrove forest. Using reflectance spectrometry paired with supervised machine learning, we found significant differences in spectral properties of the dewlap between habitats within small islands, sometimes over very short distances. Passive divergence in dewlap phenotype associated with isolation‐by‐distance did not seem to explain our results. On the other hand, these habitat‐specific dewlap differences varied in magnitude and direction across islands, and thus, our primary test for adaptation—parallel responses across islands—was not supported. We suggest that neutral processes or selection could be involved in several ways, including sexual selection. Our results shed new light on the scale at which signal colour polymorphism can be maintained in the presence of gene flow, and the relative role of local adaptation and other processes in driving these patterns of dewlap colour variation across islands.
Preliminary evaluation of serum zonulin in canine chronic enteropathies
Authors: Dinesh N. , Slovak J. E. , Kogan C. , Kopper J. J. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesIn humans, serum zonulin, a biomarker of intestinal permeability, correlates with underlying enteropathies and has potential application as a therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum zonulin as a biomarker for canine chronic enteropathy.Materials and MethodsProspective enrolment of twenty‐one client‐owned dogs with at least 1 of the following gastrointestinal (GI) signs for at least 3 weeks duration: anorexia, hyporexia, dysrexia, vomiting, weight loss or diarrhea. 21 control dogs, age and breed matched, were also enrolled. Dogs with gastrointestinal signs were diagnosed with chronic enteropathy based on a complete blood count, serum chemistry, specific canine pancreatic lipase, cobalamin, resting cortisol, abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy with histopathology. Enrolled control dogs had an unremarkable physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemistry and no clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. Dogs were ineligible if antibiotics or immunosuppressive medications were administered within 1 month of enrolment. Blood samples were analysed using a commercial canine serum zonulin quantitative ELISA.ResultsDogs with chronic enteropathies had median serum zonulin values of 0.28 ng/mL (interquartile range: 0.04‐2.59), while control dogs of 0.27 ng/mL (0.05‐3.67). There was no significant difference in canine serum zonulin levels between these populations. The estimated difference in the median concentrations was −0.01 ng/mL (95% CI: −0.23 to 0.89).Clinical SignificanceIn this study, using a commercial canine zonulin ELISA, serum zonulin levels did not differentiate between dogs with chronic enteropathies and control dogs.
Impact on follow‐up strategies in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Bergquist Annika , Weismüller Tobias J. , Levy Cynthia , Rupp Christian , Joshi Deepak , Nayagam Jeremy Shanika , Montano‐Loza Aldo J. , Lytvyak Ellina , Wunsch Ewa , Milkiewicz Piotr , Zenouzi Roman , Schramm Christoph , Cazzagon Nora , Floreani Annarosa , Liby Ingalill Friis , Wiestler Miriam , Wedemeyer Heiner , Zhou Taotao , Strassburg Christian P. , Rigopoulou Eirini , Dalekos George , Narasimman Manasa , Verhelst Xavier , Degroote Helena , Vesterhus Mette , Kremer Andreas E. , Bündgens Bennet , Rorsman Fredrik , Nilsson Emma , Jørgensen Kristin Kaasen , von Seth Erik , Cornillet Jeannin Martin , Nyhlin Nils , Martin Harry , Kechagias Stergios , Wiencke Kristine , Werner Mårten , Beretta‐Piccoli Benedetta Terziroli , Marzioni Marco , Isoniemi Helena , Arola Johanna , Wefer Agnes , Söderling Jonas , Färkkilä Martti , Lenzen Henrike ,   the International PSC Study Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsEvidence for the benefit of scheduled imaging for early detection of hepatobiliary malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is limited. We aimed to compare different follow‐up strategies in PSC with the hypothesis that regular imaging improves survival.MethodsWe collected retrospective data from 2975 PSC patients from 27 centres. Patients were followed from the start of scheduled imaging or in case of clinical follow‐up from 1 January 2000, until death or last clinical follow‐up alive. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality.ResultsA broad variety of different follow‐up strategies were reported. All except one centre used regular imaging, ultrasound (US) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two centres used scheduled endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in addition to imaging for surveillance purposes. The overall HR (CI95%) for death, adjusted for sex, age and start year of follow‐up, was 0.61 (0.47–0.80) for scheduled imaging with and without ERCP; 0.64 (0.48–0.86) for US/MRI and 0.53 (0.37–0.75) for follow‐up strategies including scheduled ERCP. The lower risk of death remained for scheduled imaging with and without ERCP after adjustment for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) or high‐grade dysplasia as a time‐dependent covariate, HR 0.57 (0.44–0.75). Hepatobiliary malignancy was diagnosed in 175 (5.9%) of the patients at 7.9 years of follow‐up. Asymptomatic patients (25%) with CCA had better survival if scheduled imaging had been performed.ConclusionsFollow‐up strategies vary considerably across centres. Scheduled imaging was associated with improved survival. Multiple factors may contribute to this result including early tumour detection and increased endoscopic treatment of asymptomatic benign biliary strictures.
Clinical and microbiologic outcomes of central nervous system cryptococcosis: Re‐examining the need for a 2‐week cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Ranganath Nischal , Mendoza Maria A. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCryptococcus spp. infection involving the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with poor outcomes. Current guidelines recommend repeating a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fungal culture after 2 weeks of treatment to evaluate for clearance. However, this practice has not clearly been associated with outcomes.ObjectivesWe sought to assess the relationship between CSF fungal clearance at 2 weeks and 12‐month mortality in patients with CNS cryptococcosis.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2020 of patients with CNS cryptococcosis. Factors associated with 12‐month mortality were assessed with Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables.ResultsAmong 51 patients with CNS cryptococcosis, 42 (82.4%) were initially CSF culture positive. Among 27 patients with follow‐up CSF culture at 2 weeks, 6 (22.2%) had a positive result. Factors associated with a positive CSF culture at 2 weeks were an initial CSF cryptococcal antigen titre ≥1:2560, fungaemia, and an elevated intracranial pressure requiring therapeutic lumbar punctures. The 12‐month mortality rate was 33.3%, and this was significantly associated with baseline fungaemia, extra‐CNS cryptococcal involvement and requirement of intensive care unit level of care. Lack of CSF culture clearance by 2 weeks was not associated with 12‐month mortality.ConclusionsCNS cryptococcosis has a high mortality rate. A markedly elevated CSF cryptococcal antigen, and opening CSF pressure was associated with lack of CSF culture clearance at 2 weeks of treatment. Severe disseminated disease and cryptococcemia were associated with 12‐month mortality.