bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quaternary Collision-Zone Magmatism of the Greater Caucasus
Authors: Bewick Samuel , Parkinson Ian J , Harris Nigel , Adamia Shota , Sadradze Nino , Allen Mark B , Hammond Sam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Greater Caucasus mountains (Cavcasioni) mark the northern margin of the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone. Magmatism in the central part of the Greater Caucasus began in the Pleistocene, up to ~25 Myr after initial collision. This paper presents bulk-rock and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope geochemistry from 39 Quaternary volcanic rock samples (&lt;450 Ka) recovered from the Mt. Kazbek (Kasbegui) region of the Greater Caucasus, Georgia, to assess the sources and magmatic evolution of these lavas and the possible triggers for melting in the context of their regional tectonics. Compositions are dominantly calc-alkaline basaltic andesite to dacite (57–67 wt % SiO2). Although the lavas were erupted through thick continental crust, there is little evidence for extensive modification by crustal contamination. Trace element and isotopic systematics indicate that the lavas have supra-subduction zone signatures, most likely reflecting derivation from a lithospheric source that had been modified by melts and/or fluids from material subducted before and during the collisional event. Mass-balance modelling of the Sr–Nd isotope data indicates that the lavas require significant input from a subducted slab, with deep-sourced fluids fluxing the slab into the source region. In contrast with published data from Lesser Caucasus magmatism, data from the Mt. Kazbek region suggest that a compositionally distinct sediment source resides beneath the Greater Caucasus, producing characteristic trace element and Pb isotopic signatures. Two distinct compositional groups and therefore primary liquids can be discerned from the various volcanic centres, both derived from light rare-earth element enriched sources, but with distinct differences in Th/Yb and Dy/Yb ratios and Pb isotopes. Rare-earth element modelling of the lava sources is consistent with 3–4% melting starting in the garnet peridotite and continuing into the spinel facies or, potentially, sited in the garnet-spinel transition zone. Small-scale convection related to mantle upwelling provides a plausible mechanism for Greater Caucasus magmatism and explains the random aspect to the distribution of magmatism across the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone.
Price Discrimination by Negotiation: a Field Experiment in Retail Electricity
Authors: Byrne David P , Martin Leslie A , Nah Jia Sheen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We use a field experiment to study price discrimination in a market with price posting and negotiation. Motivated by concerns that low-income consumers do poorly in markets with privately negotiated prices, we built a call center staffed with actors armed with bargaining scripts to reveal negotiated prices and their determinants. Our actors implement sequential bargaining games under incomplete information in the field. By experimentally manipulating how information is revealed, we generate sequences of price offers that allow us to identify price discrimination in negotiations based on retailer perceptions of consumers’ search and switching costs. We also document differences in price distributions between entrants and incumbents, reflecting differences in captivity of their respective consumer bases. Finally, we show that higher prices paid by lower-income subsidy recipients in our market is not due to discriminatory targeting; they can be explained by variation in consumer willingness and ability to search and bargain.
Frequency of AA amyloidosis has decreased in Behçet’s syndrome: a retrospective study with long-term follow-up and a systematic review
Authors: Karatemiz Guzin , Esatoglu Sinem Nihal , Gurcan Mert , Ozguler Yesim , Yurdakul Sebahattin , Hamuryudan Vedat , Fresko Izzet , Melikoglu Melike , Seyahi Emire , Ugurlu Serdal , Ozdogan Huri , Yazici Hasan , Hatemi Gulen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective
A decline in the frequency of AA amyloidosis secondary to RA and infectious diseases has been reported. We aimed to determine the change in the frequency of AA amyloidosis in our Behçet’s syndrome (BS) patients and to summarize the clinical characteristics of and outcomes for our patients, and also those identified by a systematic review.

Methods
We identified patients with amyloidosis in our BS cohort (as well as their clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcome) through a chart review. The primary end points were end-stage renal disease and death. The prevalence of AA amyloidosis was estimated separately for patients registered during 1976–2000 and those registered during 2001–2017, in order to determine whether there was any change in the frequency. We searched PubMed and EMBASE for reports on BS patients with AA amyloidosis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.

Results
The prevalence of AA amyloidosis was 0.62% (24/3820) in the earlier cohort and declined to 0.054% (3/5590) in the recent cohort. The systematic review revealed 82 cases in 42 publications. The main features of patients were male predominance and a high frequency of vascular involvement. One-third of patients died within 6 months after diagnosis of amyloidosis.

Conclusion
The frequency of AA amyloidosis has decreased in patients with BS, which is similar to the decrease observed for AA amyloidosis due to other inflammatory and infectious causes. However, AA amyloidosis is a rare, but potentially fatal complication of BS.
Predicting Indian Supreme Court Judgments, Decisions, or Appeals
Authors: Sharma Sugam K , Shandilya Ritu , Sharma Swadesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Legal predictive models are of enormous interest and value to legal community. The stakeholders, particularly, the judges and attorneys, can take the best advantages of these models to predict the case outcomes to further augment their future course of actions, for example speeding up decision making, support arguments, strengthening the defense, etc. However, accurately predicting the legal decisions and case outcomes is an arduous process, which involves several complex steps—finding suitable bulk case documents, data extracting, cleansing and engineering, etc. Additionally, the legal complexity further adds to its intricacies. In this paper, we introduce our newly developed Machine Learning (ML)-enabled legal prediction model and its operational prototype, eLegPredict, which successfully predicts the Indian supreme court decisions. The eLegPredict is trained and tested over 3072 supreme court cases and has achieved 76% accuracy (F1-score). The eLegPredict is equipped with a mechanism to aid end users, where as soon as a document with new case description is dropped into a designated directory, the system quickly reads through its content and generates prediction. To our understanding, eLegPredict is one of the first few legal prediction models trying to predict Indian supreme court decisions.
“I Was Facilitating Everybody Else’s Life. And Mine Had Just Ground to a Halt”: The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Women in the United Kingdom
Authors: Herten-Crabb Asha , Wenham Clare 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A growing body of research has highlighted the disproportionately negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women globally. This article contributes to this work by interrogating the lived realities of sixty-four women in the United Kingdom through semi-structured in-depth interviews, undertaken during the first and second periods of lockdown associated with COVID-19 in 2020. Categorizing the data by subgroup of women and then by theme, this article explores the normative and policy-imposed constraints experienced by women in 2020 with regard to paid and unpaid labor, mental health, access to healthcare services, and government representation and consideration of women. These findings highlight women’s varied and gendered experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and emphasizes the role that government can proactively play in attending to gender inequalities throughout its COVID-19 response.
The Israeli private trust as an alternative to succession proceedings
Authors: Kaplan Alon , Liberman Meytal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
How to use a trust as an alternative to a will to transfer assets to the next generation? This article will answer this question by first introducing the reader to inheritance and trust law in Israel. It will explore the endowment and how it should be used in order to regulate the transfer of assets to the next generation—how a trust should be set up and how assets should be transferred to it. The conclusion drawn from this analysis points out the key elements which should be considered when creating a trust to survive death under Israeli law.
Mental distress and health-related quality of life in gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: a case–control study in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mudji Junior , Ackam Nancy , Amoako Yaw Ampem , Madinga Blaise , Mumbere Pépé , Agbanyo Abigail , Blum Johannes , Phillips Richard Odame , Molyneux David Hurst 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The extent to which neuropsychiatric sequelae affects the mental health status and quality of life of former gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) patients is not known.

Methods
We assessed anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 93 patients and their age- and sex-matched controls using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Becks Depression Inventory and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey in structured interviews in the Vanga health zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data were analysed using Stata version 14.0. The degree of association between neurologic sequelae and mental distress was evaluated using the Student's t-test and χ2 or Fisher's exact tests, where appropriate, with a p-value &lt;0.05 deemed to be statistically significant.

Results
We found that neurological sequelae persisted in former patients at least 15 y after treatment. Depression (p&lt;0.001) and anxiety (p=0.001) were significantly higher in former patients with neurologic sequelae. The mean quality-of-life (QoL) scores were significantly lower for patients than in controls in the physical, emotional and mental health domains.

Conclusions
The presence of neurological sequelae leads to mental distress and a diminished QoL in former gHAT patients. Minimising neurologic sequelae and incorporating psychosocial interventions should be essential management goals for gHAT.
It’s the Experience: A Course Redesign to Shift Student Perspectives on Population-Centered Nursing
Authors: Creed Joan M. , Cone April , Chappell Kate K. , Davis Victoria H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An innovative experiential learning activity in an online undergraduate population health nursing course provided an authentic experience that connected course content with abstract concepts and patient situations. To address identified application needs, the design incorporated social determinants of health to enhance realism and applicability and build readiness for nursing practice through the experience.
Nursing First: Promoting Academic and Professional Success Through a Seamless Transition Program for Registered Nurses to Baccalaureate Students
Authors: Gambino Kathleen M. , Shaffer Cheryl , Ortiz Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Nursing First Program was established to provide students in an associate of science in nursing program at a downstate New York community college a seamless transition into the registered nurse to baccalaureate program of a nearby university while promoting academic performance and professional excellence. Selected students attend mandatory seminars designed to provide academic support and a sense of camaraderie, with the aim of ensuring success in both programs. Initial outcomes indicate that the program inspired participants to reach their highest potential, academically and professionally. Nursing First scholars have excelled as newly employed registered nurses and as students in the university program.
Can Over-containment Prevent Recurrence in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Hip Dysplasia Undergoing Hip Reconstruction?
Authors: Zakrzewski Allyson M. , Bryant Austin J. , McCarthy James J. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Hip reconstruction is often necessary in children with cerebral palsy (CP) but is associated with high failure rates. Over-containment deeply seats the hip within the acetabulum at the time surgical reconstruction. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of over-containment on radiographic outcomes and failure rates in children with CP undergoing hip reconstruction.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective chart review of children with CP that underwent hip reconstruction between 2010 and 2019 with at least 2 years of radiographic follow-up. Migration percentage (MP), acetabular index (AI), and neck shaft angle (NSA) were recorded preoperatively, postoperatively and throughout follow-up. Failures were defined as a MP at latest follow-up ≥30% or need for revision hip reconstruction. Hips were divided into groups based on postoperative MP—group 1 (over-containment group) had a MP≤0% and group 2 had an MP>0%. Radiographic parameters and failure rates were compared across Gross Motor Functional Classification Score (GMFCS) level, age at the time of surgery, and degree of preoperative subluxation.

Results:
A cohort of 108 patients (197 hips) with an average age of 7.3±3.2 years met inclusion criteria with an average follow-up of 49.6 months (range: 24 to 118 mo). There were 147 hips in group 1 and 50 hips in group 2. At latest follow-up, group 1 demonstrated lower MP, AI, and NSA in comparison to group 2. The overall failure rate in our cohort was 8.1% (16 hips). Failure rates trended lowest in hips that were over-contained (6.1% v. 14.0%) although not statistically significant. Over-containment resulted in significantly lower failure rates in GMFCS IV/V hips, children under age 6 at the time of surgery and those with a higher degree of preoperative hip displacement (MP>50%).

Conclusions:
Over-containment at the time of hip reconstruction can positively affect radiographic outcomes and failure rates in children with CP. Over-containment should be considered in hips at high risk of failure, especially non ambulatory children with significant hip subluxation at an early age.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for Rectal Anastomotic Stenosis After Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Zhou Wei , Xia Lian , Wang Zian , Cao Gaoyang , Chen Li , Chen Engeng , Zhang Wei , Song Zhangfa 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:
Anastomotic stenosis is a common complication of colorectal cancer surgery with anastomosis. Transanal minimally invasive surgery is a novel approach to the treatment of anastomotic stenosis.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transanal minimally invasive surgery for anastomotic stenosis treatment.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective study.

SETTINGS:
This study was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center.

PATIENTS:
This study included patients with rectal anastomotic stenosis who after undergoing colorectal surgery were admitted to the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between September 2017 and June 2019.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome was the operative success rate. The secondary outcomes were intraoperative variables, postoperative complications, stoma closure conditions, and stenosis recurrence risks.

RESULTS:
Nine patients, aged 52 to 80 years, with a history of colorectal cancer with end-to-end anastomosis underwent transanal minimally invasive surgery for anastomotic stenosis. The distance between the stenosis and the anal verge ranged from 5 to 12 cm. The mean stenosis diameter was 0.3 cm. Four patients had completely obstructed rectal lumens. Eight of 9 patients successfully underwent transanal minimally invasive surgery radial incision and cutting. The average operation time was 50 minutes. After the procedure, 1 patient had symptomatic procedure-associated perforations but recovered with conservative treatment. No perioperative mortality occurred. One patient underwent transverse colostomy 1 month after transanal minimally invasive surgery because of proximal colon ischemia induced by primary rectal surgery. Eight patients underwent protective loop ileostomy. After transanal minimally invasive surgery, stoma closure was performed in 88% of patients with no stenosis recurrence or obstruction at follow-up (21–42 mo).

LIMITATIONS:
This study was limited by its small sample size and single-center design.

CONCLUSIONS:
Transanal minimally invasive surgery provides an excellent operative field, good maneuverability, and versatile instrumentation and is a safe and effective treatment for rectal anastomotic stenosis, especially for severe fibrotic stenosis or complete obstruction. See Dynamic Article Video at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B965.
Acellular Dermal Matrices in Breast Reconstruction: CARE Trial 5-Year Outcomes Data for More Than 9500 Patients
Authors: Ellsworth Warren A. , Hammer Jason , Luo Lei , Schumacher Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Few studies have assessed long-term complications in women undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction with use of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM). This study compared outcomes over 5 years in women undergoing breast reconstruction procedures with and without ADM.

Methods:
Complications data in patients enrolled in the prospective Continued Access Reconstruction/Revision Expansion trial were segregated by use of ADM versus no ADM in patients undergoing primary breast reconstruction or revision-reconstruction. Continued Access Reconstruction/Revision Expansion trial evaluated long-term safety and effectiveness of shaped, textured, silicone implants.

Results:
Of the 9502 women, 257 had primary (n = 160) or revision-reconstruction (n = 97) with ADMs; 9245 had primary (n = 6977) or revision-reconstruction (n = 2268) without ADMs. Capsular contracture rates in primary reconstruction were lower with ADM than without at year 5 (3.2% versus 7.4%); rates were similar at year 1 (≤2.4%). Capsular contracture rates in revision-reconstruction were lower with ADM than without at year 5 (1.4% versus 8.9%); rates were similar at year 1 (≤2.5%). Seroma rates were low and sustained for all cohorts throughout the 5 years (≤2.9%). Reoperation rates increased over time in all cohorts, with similar rates between groups (2.4%–47.3% from week 4 to year 5 across cohorts). Other trends over time included lower rates for asymmetry and implant malposition with ADM than without.

Conclusion:
These long-term data suggest that the use of ADM in breast reconstruction procedures may provide a benefit in reducing complications, such as capsular contracture, and may sustain low rates of seroma.
Sequelae at Hospital Discharge in 61 Children With Invasive Meningococcal Disease, Chile, 2009–2019
Authors: Arteta-Acosta Cindy , Villena Martínez Rodolfo , Santolaya de Pablo Maria Elena 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an unpredictable and severe infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Its case fatality rate could vary from 9.7% to 26% and up to 36% of survivors may experience long-term sequelae, representing a challenge for public health.

Aimed:
To describe the sequelae at hospital discharge caused by IMD in children between years 2009–2019.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study performed in 2 pediatric hospitals. Patients with microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of IMD from 2009 to 2019 were included. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results:
The records of 61 patients were reviewed and included. Sixty-seven percent were male, median age 9 months (interquartile range 4–27), 72% were admitted to intensive care unit. Thirty-seven (60.5%) had at least 1 sequela (75% and 37% in patients with or without meningitis, respectively). The most frequents sequelae were neurological 72%, hearing loss 32%, and osteoarticular 24%. Significant differences were found comparing patients with and without sequelae: drowsiness 67.6% versus 41.7% (P = 0.04), irritability 67.6% versus 25% (P = 0.01), meningeal signs 62.2% versus 29.2% (P = 0.01). In logistic regression analysis, postdischarge follow-up had OR 21.25 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 4.93–91.44), irritability had OR 8.53 (95% CI: 1.64–44.12), meningeal signs had OR 8.21 (95% CI: 0.71–94.05), invasive mechanical ventilation had OR 8.23 (95% CI: 0.78–85.95), meningitis plus meningococcemia OR 1.70 (95% CI: 0.18–15.67) to have sequelae, while children with meningococcemia and vomiting had a OR 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00–0.36) and OR 0.27 (95% CI: 0.03–2.14), respectively. N. meningitidis serogroup W (MenW) was isolated in 54.1% (33/61), and N. meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) in 31.1% (19/61) of cases. A significant difference was found in osteoarticular sequelae (P = 0.05) between MenB and MenW. There was a decrease in cases after the meningococcal conjugate vaccine against serogroups A, C, W and Y was implemented (2015–2019).

Conclusions:
IMD remains as a public health concern. A high rate of sequelae was found in pediatric patients in our series, even in the clinical manifestations other than meningitis. Neurological sequelae were the most prevalent. Multidisciplinary follow-up protocols to reduce long-term impact must be urgently established to assess all children with IMD
The Impact of Local Estrogen on the Urogenital Microbiome in Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Lillemon Jennifer Nicole , Karstens Lisa , Nardos Rahel , Garg Bharti , Boniface Emily R. , Gregory W. Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Importance
The postmenopausal urinary bladder microbiome is not well defined.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to characterize the effect of vaginal estrogen on the vaginal and urinary bladder microbiome in postmenopausal women and describe any clinical associations with the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Study Design
This was a participant-masked, randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of a 12-week course of an estrogen-containing vaginal ring to a placebo vaginal ring. Standardized evaluations were performed at baseline and 12 weeks. Vaginal samples were obtained for pH, vaginal maturation index, and microbiome analysis. Concomitant catheterized urine samples were obtained for microbiome analysis. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize the resident microbial communities, with Lactobacillus relative abundance as the primary outcome variable. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms was measured using validated questionnaires (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory–Short Form, Female Sexual Function Index, Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire).

Results
Of the 39 postmenopausal women randomized, baseline characteristics were similar between arms, with a mean age of 62 years and mean vaginal pH of 5.0. Using intention-to-treat analysis, there were no significant changes in vaginal or urinary Lactobacillus relative abundance. Two participants in each arm removed their ring prior to the end of the study. Eighty percent of participants experienced at least 1 bothersome genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptom. Vulvovaginal dryness and urinary frequency were most common at baseline, whereas painful intercourse and urinary urgency were most common at the final visit, none of which were statistically significant.

Conclusions
Our study did not show a significant change in the bacterial composition of the vaginal or urinary bladder microbiome after either vaginal ring in this relatively asymptomatic postmenopausal population.