bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Decay Process of an α-configuration Sunspot
Authors: Peng Yang , Xue Zhi-Ke , Yan Xiao-Li , Norton Aimee A. , Qu Zhong-Quan , Wang Jin-Cheng , Xu Zhe , Yang Li-Heng , Li Qiao-Ling , Yang Li-Ping , Sun Xia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The decay of sunspot plays a key role in magnetic flux transportation in solar active regions (ARs). To better understand the physical mechanism of the entire decay process of a sunspot, an α-configuration sunspot in AR NOAA 12411 was studied. Based on the continuum intensity images and vector magnetic field data with stray light correction from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, the area, vector magnetic field and magnetic flux in the umbra and penumbra are calculated with time, respectively. Our main results are as follows: (1) The decay curves of the sunspot area in its umbra, penumbra, and whole sunspot take the appearance of Gaussian profiles. The area decay rates of the umbra, penumbra and whole sunspot are −1.56 MSH day−1, −12.61 MSH day−1 and −14.04 MSH day−1, respectively; (2) With the decay of the sunspot, the total magnetic field strength and the vertical component of the penumbra increase, and the magnetic field of the penumbra becomes more vertical. Meanwhile, the total magnetic field strength and vertical magnetic field strength for the umbra decrease, and the inclination angle changes slightly with an average value of about 20°; (3) The magnetic flux decay curves of the sunspot in its umbra, penumbra, and whole sunspot exhibit quadratic patterns, their magnetic flux decay rates of the umbra, penumbra and whole sunspot are −9.84 × 1019 Mx day−1, −1.59 × 1020 Mx day−1 and −2.60 × 1020 Mx day−1, respectively. The observation suggests that the penumbra may be transformed into the umbra, resulting in the increase of the average vertical magnetic field strength and the reduction of the inclination angle in the penumbra during the decay of the sunspot.
A Catalog of Quasar Candidates Identified by Astrometric and Mid-infrared Methods in Gaia EDR3
Authors: Wu Qiqi , Liao Shilong , Qi Zhaoxiang , Luo Hao , Tang Zhenghong , Cao Zihuang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Quasars are very important in materializing the reference frame. The excess emission of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the mid-infrared band can be used to identify quasar candidates. As extremely distant and point-like objects, quasars also could be further selected by an astrometry method. Increasing the number of reliable quasar candidates is necessary in characterizing the properties of Gaia astrometric solution and evaluating the reliability of Gaia's own quasars classification. We identify quasars by using appropriate AllWISE [W1-W2] color and different combinations of astrometric criteria. Together with the contamination and completeness, the magnitude, astrometric properties, density distribution, and the morphological indexes of these selected quasars are evaluated. We obtain a quasar candidate catalog of 1,503,373 sources, which contains 1,186,690 candidates (78.9%) in common with the Gaia EDR3_AGN catalog and 316,683 newly identified quasar candidates. The completeness of this catalog is around 80% compared to LQAC5, and the purity of the overall catalog is about 90%. We also found that the purity of quasar candidates selected by this method will decrease in the crowded sky area and the region with less WISE observations.
The use of MSG (monosodium glutamat), aloe vera, and papaya leaf (carica papaya L) as an alternative of corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Magfirah  , Selmiati  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Corrosion is a complicated problem in everyday life. Corrosion causes many losses because it reduces the life span of metal-based goods or buildings. One solution is to use organic corrosion inhibitors. Organic corrosion inhibitors are an alternative choice because they are more environmentally friendly. Heteroatomic organic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur in molecules such as those found in MSG, papaya leaves and aloe vera can be used as organic corrosion inhibitors, because they can be well adsorbed on metal surfaces. Amino acids such as glutamic acid which have two carboxylic groups and one amine group are expected to be able to inhibit corrosion by adsorbing metal (iron) surfaces. This study aims to determine the use of MSG, aloe vera and papaya leaves as alternative materials for organic corrosion inhibitors. The results showed that the rust level using MSG solution was 8.33%, aloe vera extract was 9.09%, papaya leaf extract was 8%, and the container with a mixture of aloe vera extract, papaya leaf extract and MSG was added 4.35 %. This shows that aloe vera extract, papaya leaf extract and MSG can be used as an alternative to organic corrosion inhibitors.
Effect of adding squid meal as an attractant to freshwater eel (Anguilla marmorata) feed on elver growth, feed palatability, efficiency and conversion
Authors: Ndobe Samliok , Muamar  , Rosyida Eka , Widiastuti Irawati Mei , Mansyur Kasim , Tantu Fadly Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Squid meal can serve as an attractant to increase feed palatability and fish growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum dose of squid meal as an attractant in freshwater eel (Anguilla marmorata) elver feed based on feed palatability and elver growth. This research was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 at the Water Quality and Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia. The completely randomized design (CRD) comprised four treatments with five replicates. Commercial feed was used with four squid meal attractant doses: 0% (A); 1% (B); 3% (C); 5% (D). Variables were palatability (speed of finding and consuming the feed, morning and afternoon), growth (net weight gain; net increase in length), feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR). FCR did not vary significantly between treatments. The best results were obtained under treatment C with a uniformly high palatability (feed finding speeds of 0.12 s/cm in the morning and 0.06 s/cm in the afternoon; 100% feeding response); net weight gain 3.50 g; net growth in length 4 cm; feed efficiency 89.9%; SR 85.56%. It was concluded that 3% is the optimum dose for enriching elver feed with squid meal as an attractant.
Characterization and evaluation of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) oil as larvicidal and repellent against the yellow fever mosquito
Authors: Ludia R P , Shahabuddin S , Gatot dan S H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the leading health problems in Indonesia and other countries. However, a study on sweet basil oil and its potency to control Aedes aegypti, or Yellow fever mosquito (YFM), as the vector of DHF, is rarely investigated. This research aims to study the chemical characteristics of sweet basil oil and evaluate its potency as insecticides against Aedes aegypti. A spectrophotometer gas chromatography to identify its compounds followed by the standardized toxicity and repellency test methods were conducted. The results showed that the main compounds of sweet basil oil are linalool (31,78 %), thymol (11,60%), and cineol (0,99%). The sweet basil oil showed high toxicity for the larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 and LC90 were 72,08 ppm and 121,47 ppm. The protection effect of sweet basil oil increases following the oil concentration. However, at 30 % concentration, this essential oil could protect from Aedes aegypti up to six hours with repellency levels of 81,3 %. Therefore, this study supports the effective and environmentally friendly method of managing the YFM using sweet basil oil.
Monitoring tools for liquefaction potential in a region based on the internet of things (IoT) with photovoltaic (PV) sources
Authors: Fauzi R , Mustari A , Santoso R , Alamsyah  , Rahman Y A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
From several records of liquefaction events that have occurred, it is known that liquefaction events during an earthquake are more likely to occur in coarse-grained soil conditions. In this case, the soil will quickly lose shear strength due to increased pore water stress due to cyclic loads (earthquake loads) very rapidly and in a moment. Due to the loss of load and shear stress, the soil properties, initially solid, turn into liquid (Mase, L. Z., & Somantri, A. K. 2016). This study will design a liquefaction potential monitoring tool in an internet of things (IoT) based area with Photovoltaic (PV) sources. This tool provides information to the public to identify areas that can cause liquefaction. The design of the liquefaction potential monitoring tool in a room will also offer data detected by vibration sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors below the ground surface. When the vibration sensor notices a vibration in sequence, the temperature and humidity sensors will activate and read the changes that occur in the soil.
Perception and Decision of Public Transport Users in Palu City
Authors: Ramlan R , Setiawan A , Pradani N , Patunrangi J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Public transport users in Palu City are decreasing every year. The low quality of public transport services is the main reason people are reluctant to use them. Based on this condition, the research was conducted to understand the user’s perceptions and decisions of public transportation services, exceptionally public transport, in Palu City. The method used in this research is the distribution of questionnaires to respondents from 8 sub-districts in Palu City. Data processing on 361 respondents was carried out by descriptive analysis. The results of the study illustrate that the people of Palu City, in general, do not use public transportation (91.9%) for various reasons, including long waiting times (67.2%), unclear routes (43.8%), inadequate stopping places (32.8%), non-uniform fares (8.8), poor vehicle conditions (33.7), poor driver behaviour (7.65), and low level of safety (18.5). The level of satisfaction for users of public transportation is satisfied (31.3%) and for users of private vehicles is not satisfied (41.5%) and uncomfortable (33.7%). The data also shows that 77.3% of respondents use motorcycles in their daily travel activities. This study shows that implementing online applications and free tariffs will increase public transport users by 61.7% dan 70.3%, respectively.
Important factors influencing the successful implementation of electronic tenders based on the perceptions of consultants, contractors and project owners in Palu
Authors: Mangitung Donny M. , Nirmalawati  , Asikin Andi H. , Ningsih Gitalia R , Musdalifah  , Ningrum Suci S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The implementation of e-tenders requires readiness from the aspect of human resources, technological and management capabilities and organizations. To find out the factors that influence the success of the e-tender for construction services in Palu, this research was conducted by involving stakeholders involved in the implementation of the e-tendering, namely consultants, contractors and project owners. Data were collected on the basis of questionnaire survey using Likert scale of 6 and 28 Critical Success Factors (CSFs) were used in the questionnaire survey. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 163, of which 119 were returned, giving a 71% response rate. Data were analyzed using Relative Rank Index (RRI) technique and the Spearman Rank Order Correlation statistical test among three categorical samples. The results show that there is no difference among RRIs’ consultants, contractors and project owners. It is also concluded that the successful implementation of electronic tenders is influenced by factors related to Availability of reliable, affordable, and fast internet services, Availability of reliable ICT infrastructures and computer equipment, Building positive workplace and knowledge sharing culture and also Regular education and training to develop the competence and capability of electronic tendering procedures and requirement
Economic Feasibility Study Biforcation Development and Toili River Flood Control Banggai District
Authors: Nirmalawati  , Sutapa I W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Biforcation Structure which is located at the branching of the Moilong and Mansahang Rivers, Banggai District functions as a weir at the Moilong Free Intake and distributes water proportionally to its downstream, so that it can function as a flood control structure and at the same time supply water to the Mansahang (Toili) Weir. The flood incident on June 18, 2019 resulted in the collapse of the Biforcation structure so that it submerged seven villages in Moilong District. The restructure of the Biforcation is very much needed by the community to provide a sense of security from the destructive power of water and irrigation water supply. To prepare for the development, a research was conducted with the aim of knowing the economic feasibility of the construction of the Biforcation and the flood conrol structure. Prior to construction, a study was conducted with the aim of determining the economic feasibility of the Biforcation construction and the flood control structure. The research method used analytical methods, quantitative approaches, and conducted interviews with the relevant agencies. The data obtained are reviewed and analyzed using several assumptions of loan interest rates, and loan times. Calculation of financial analysis using the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). The results of the study concluded that the construction ldingof Biforcation structures and flood control structures was feasible. The results of the Net Present Value (NV) are positive at 10% and 12% interest rates. Interest 10%, benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 6,536 (12 years), BCR 5,675 (10 years), BCR 4,633 (8 years). Interest 12%, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 5,798 (12 years), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 5,097 (10 years) Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) 4,219 (8 years).
Determination of the Location of Fishing Boat Moorings in Palu Bay After The 2018 Tsunami in Terms of Technical and Socio-Economic Aspects
Authors: Amar  , Rusdin A , Setiyawan  , Arifin S , Saleh M , Sri N A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The natural disaster that occurred in Palu City, Donggala and Sigi Regencies on September 28, 2018 in the form of an earthquake accompanied by a tsunami and liquefaction was one of the phenomena that was considered quite interesting because it had never happened in any area in Indonesia. The existence of three types of natural disasters that occur at the same time has an impact on people’s lives and is interesting to study so that anticipation and solutions can be considered in the future. This condition will certainly have a direct impact on the mooring of fishing boats in Palu Bay. Thus, a location determination is needed and a review of technical, social and economic aspects is needed. So we need an effort to involve academics in recording and providing solutions to increase marine products after the earthquake. The purpose of this service is to plan fishing boat moorings after the earthquake and liquefaction which aims to find out the right position so that it can be utilized by fishermen, provide knowledge to fishermen that the use of existing boat moorings must be done to improve their economy and make boat moorings more efficient. provide education about fisherman productivity. The specific target to be achieved is to determine the location of fishing boat moorings after the earthquake, to be able to contribute to the Palu City Government, especially the River Region III Center so that they can design boat moorings on each coast, through the Palu City Government master plan to provide a post-earthquake response stimulus to helping fishing communities to rise and is expected to increase the productivity of fishermen.
Sustainable development issues in Togean Islands Tojo Una-Una Indonesia
Authors: Muzakkir  , Suparman  , Tallesang M , Basir I , Bate F , Fatahilla M R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sustainable development is the main goal of every nation today by reducing the exploitation of the use of natural resources that exceed the capacity and carrying capacity of nature to improve the quality of human life now and in the future. This study aims to identify several issues related to sustainable development goals. The survey was conducted in several sub-districts in the Togean Islands through delivered questionnaires to the community and village and sub-district officials in the archipelago. The results of the study indicate that there are several problems faced by the people of these islands for immediate intervention by the government. This research has a limitation in terms of the number of respondents so that further research can be continued using different approaches. The results obtained from this study can be used as a reference by policy makers in formulating development plans and forms of intervention needed by the people of the Togean Islands, Tojo Una-Una.
Mathematical description of the drying process of mulberry leaves
Authors: Verma Sunil , Usenov A B , Sobirova D U , Sultonova S A , Safarov J E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three mathematical models were used in this study: the Newton model, the Henderson-Pabis model, and the Page model. Three models were chosen for comparison with experimental data because they are commonly used to describe the drying characteristics of thin films and are simplifications of the theoretical model derived from the diffusion equation (Fick’s second law). The Newton model is a mathematical model for drying a thin layer, also called the Lewis model. Lewis described that the transfer of water from food and foodstuffs can be shown by analogy with the outflow of heat from the body when the body is immersed in a cold liquid. The Henderson-Pabis model has been used in thin-layer drying of various agricultural products, including drying of corn, wheat, coarse rice, beans and tubers. The Page model is a modified model of the Lewis model. Page proposed this model to correct the shortcomings of the Lewis model. Page’s model has created models that are suitable for describing the drying of various agricultural products and are easier to use than other equations.
To the issue about the tractional passability of high-clearance completely-driven four-wheeled universal-row cotton crop tractor
Authors: Akhmetov A A , Kambarov B A , Isokova Z X , Khatamov B A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The results of researches implemented in the sphere of improving the agrotechnical passability of 4-wheeled universal-row cotton crop tractor are specified in the article. Replacing these two types of wheeled tractors with one high-clearance 4-wheeled tractor significantly reduces the range of fleet and increases the annual load of universal-row crop tractor of 1.4 class, and finally, increases the efficiency of their applying. The weight distribution of perspective four-wheeled universal-row crop tractor onto four wheels and fully drive reduces the negative impact on soil in comparison with three-wheeled tractor and allows to aggregate machines having enlargedrow-spacings. Evaluation of P indicator (the passability margin) is shown. It characterizes the passability through more problematic matters due to traction-coupling properties presowing soil processing proceedings, which showed the possibility of applying the tractor as well at all remaining operations, provided for by the technological map and being performed by the units on the base of this tractor.
Combined processing of metal surfaces in agriculture with concentrated energy flows
Authors: Kapitonov Mikhail V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modern agritech technologies are complexes of technological operations for managing the production processes of agricultural crops in agrocenoses in order to achieve the planned yield and product quality while ensuring environmental safety and certain economic efficiency. An analysis of the development of agroengineering technologies for the impact of concentrated and highly concentrated energy flows on the surface of materials shows that progress in the use of flame, induction, laser, plasma and other types of energy flows has reached its limit. The technological impasse in agriculture well illustrates the axiom that it is impossible to create universal methods and tools capable of providing exponential development over significant periods of time. Quantitative and qualitative limitations in the use of each individual technology in agriculture stimulate the search for new agricultural solutions. A multiple increase in productivity, the acquisition of competitive advantages, a significant improvement in the quality of the treated surface and obtaining unique, in many respects, properties of materials in agriculture can be achieved due to the synergistic effect when using hybrid technologies. Their efficiency is ensured by saving processing time without loss of quality. The reduction of time costs occurs due to a significant reduction in the number of auxiliary operations or their complete elimination.
Anthropogenic load in artificial ecosystems and its impact on ornamental shrubs
Authors: Dogadina M A , Tarakin A V , Bukhvostov Yu V , Minakova I V , Bukreeva T N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article reviews the main aspects of assessing the vitality of ornamental shrubs. The authors have ranked the plants according to the resistance to air pollution of urban ecosystems based on the assessment of the vitality of ornamental shrubs, their vital activity and resistance to anthropogenic impact. The study has identified the promising species of ornamental shrubs recommended for planting in urban environment: Berberis thunbergii DC., Philadelphus coronarius L., Potentilla fruticosa L., Syringa vulgaris L., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Lonicera caprifolium L., Philadelphus coronarius L., Physocarpus opulifolius L.
Effect of the height of grain layer in the feed hopper on pressure created by hammers in the grinding chamber
Authors: Bulatov S Yu , Pushkarenko N N , Savinyh P A , Sergeev A G , Marczuk A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hammer crushers are used for grinding grain due to the simplicity of their designs and reliability. When crusher rotor rotates in the grinding chamber, air flows are created, which, due to the forces of air aerodynamic resistance, pick up particles of the crushed raw materials. The hammer crusher with an increased separating surface, where the working chamber is formed by two end sieves and one peripheral sieve, was developed in the laboratory of SBEI HE Nizhniy Novgorod State Engineering and Economic University. Hammers shaped as longitudinally bent steel plates straight hammers and a combination of straight hammers and angled blades installed between them were used as the working parts of the hammer crusher.
Influence of the varizonal Si1-xGex solid solution composition on the thermovoltaic effect in n – Si – p – Si(1-x)Gex structure
Authors: Saidov A S , Usmonov Sh N , Karshiev A B , Abdiev J M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The dependence of the thermogenerated electromotive force and current in a varizonal continuous Si
1-x

Gex
(0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solution on the content of germanium in it under uniform heating has been studied. The samples were the heterostructures of the n − Si − p − Si
1−x

Gex
(0 ≤ x ≤ 1) type base obtained by the liquid-phase epitaxy. In the temperature range 30-250°C with homogeneous heating in the heterostructures, an electromotive force of 0.3 mV and a current of 3.5 nA were generated, and after carrying out the oblique strip of the epitaxial film, the heterostructures generated - the electromotive force 1.6 mV & current 16 nA.