bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NOD/RIPK2 signaling pathway contributes to osteoarthritis susceptibility
Authors: Jurynec Michael J. , Gavile Catherine M. , Honeggar Matthew , Ma Ying , Veerabhadraiah Shivakumar R. , Novak Kendra A. , Hoshijima Kazuyuki , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Grunwald David J. 
Published: February 2022

Introductory paragraphOsteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease characterized by loss of homeostasis of the joint with consequent remodeling of tissue architecture1. The molecular pathways that limit disease onset or progression are unknown2-5, and consequently no disease-modifying drugs are available1,6-9. We sought genes that contribute to dominant forms of hereditary OA with the aim of identifying pathways whose activity level contributes to OA susceptibility. We found seven independent alleles affecting the NOD/RIPK2 pathway. To determine if altered signaling is sufficient to confer heightened OA susceptibility, mice carrying the OA-associated hyperactive Ripk2104Asp allele were generated. Knees of heterozygous Ripk2104Asp mice exhibit no overt signs of joint remodeling. Nevertheless, the mice respond to injury with markedly advanced post-traumatic OA. Uninjured heterozygous Ripk2104Asp mice appear primed to develop OA: their knees exhibit elevated NOD/RIPK2 pathway activity, localized inflammation, and altered expression of extracellular matrix genes linked to OA. In contrast to the joint, the mice display no evidence of systemic elevated inflammation. Elevated NOD/RIPK2 signaling confers vulnerability to OA.
CameraTrapDetectoR: Automatically detect, classify, and count animals in camera trap images using artificial intelligence
Authors: Tabak Michael A. , Falbel Daniel , Hamzeh Tess , Brook Ryan K. , Goolsby John A. , Zoromski Lisa D. , Boughton Raoul K. , Snow Nathan P. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Miller Ryan S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotion-activated wildlife cameras, or camera traps, are widely used in biological monitoring of wildlife. Studies using camera traps amass large numbers of images and analyzing these images can be a large burden that inhibits research progress. We trained deep learning computer vision models using data for 168 species that automatically detect, count, and classify common North American domestic and wild species in camera trap images. We provide our trained models in an R package, CameraTrapDetectoR. Three types of models are available: a taxonomic class model classifies objects as mammal (human and non-human) or avian; a taxonomic family model that recognizes 31 mammal, avian, and reptile families; a species model that recognizes 75 domestic and wild species including all North American wild cat species, bear species, and Canid species. Each model also includes a category for vehicles and empty images. The models performed well on both validation datasets and out-of-distribution testing datasets as mean average precision values ranged from 0.80 to 0.96. CameraTrapDetectoR provides predictions as an R object (a data frame) and flat file and provides the option to create plots of the original camera trap image with the predicted bounding box and label. There is also the option to apply models using a Shiny Application, with a point-and-click graphical user interface. This R package has the potential to facilitate application of deep learning models by biologists using camera traps.
COPD and social distancing in the UK
Authors: Walker Mark David , Lane Hakan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThose with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) were at a higher risk of experiencing severe illness in the event of contracting COVID-19. Did they therefore act more cautiously?AimThe aim was to determine whether the condition of COPD incurred significant change in social distancing behavior compared to the general public.Design and SettingData was used from the Imperial ‘COVID-19 Behavioural Tracker’, which details results of regular public surveying on attitudes surrounding COVID-19 guidance.MethodsResponses by U.K. participants to twenty questions reflecting willingness to adhere to social distancing guidance were compared in those reporting COPD and non-COPD status.ResultsThose with COPD stated a significantly greater willingness to wear face masks during early stages of pandemic. There was greater reluctance to go out and go shopping. There was no apparent or significant difference in willingness to use public transport, suggesting that this was an unavoidable necessity for all. The relationship between level of adherence and COVID-19 case numbers was weak both for those of both COPD and non-COPD status.DiscussionThese results suggest that those with COPD were more cautious and followed guidance more willingly. Advice provided by GP’s and healthcare professionals is likely to be beneficial in guiding patient behaviour.
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater during New York City’s second wave of COVID-19: Sewershed-level trends and relationships to publicly available clinical testing data
Authors: Hoar Catherine , Chauvin Francoise , Clare Alexander , McGibbon Hope , Castro Esmeraldo , Patinella Samantha , Katehis Dimitrios , Dennehy John J. , Trujillo Monica , Smyth Davida S. , Silverman Andrea I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNew York City’s ongoing wastewater monitoring program tracked trends in sewershed-level SARS-CoV-2 loads starting in the fall of 2020, just before the start of the City’s second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. During a five-month study period, from November 8, 2020 to April 11, 2021, viral loads in influent wastewater from each of New York City’s 14 wastewater treatment plants were measured and compared to new laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases for the populations in each corresponding sewershed, estimated from publicly available clinical testing data. We found significant positive correlations between viral loads in wastewater and new COVID-19 cases. The strength of the correlations varied depending on the sewershed, with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients ranging between 0.38 and 0.81 (mean = 0.55). Based on a linear regression analysis of a combined data set for New York City, we found that a 1 log10 change in the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater corresponded to a 0.6 log10 change in the number of new laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases/day in a sewershed. An estimated minimum detectable case rate between 2 - 8 cases/day/100,000 people was associated with the method limit of detection in wastewater. This work offers a preliminary assessment of the relationship between wastewater monitoring data and clinical testing data in New York City. While routine monitoring and method optimization continue, information on the development of New York City’s ongoing wastewater monitoring program may provide insights for similar wastewater-based epidemiology efforts in the future.
Combination of an inject-and-transfer system for serial femtosecond crystallography
Authors: Lee Keondo , Kim Jihan , Baek Sangwon , Park Jaehyun , Park Sehan , Lee Jong-Lam , Chung Wan Kyun , Cho Yunje , Nam Ki Hyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSerial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) enables the determination of the room-temperature crystal structure of macromolecules without causing radiation damage and provides time-resolved molecular dynamics by pump-probe experiments. In the SFX experiment, the injector-based sample delivery method continuously provides fresh crystals to X-rays, and the fixed-target scanning method can be programmed to move the crystals to the desired location. This study introduces a combination of the inject-and-transfer system (BITS) method for sample delivery for SFX experiments, a hybrid injection, and a fixed-target scanning method. BITS allows solution samples to be reliably deposited on an ultraviolet ozone (UVO)-treaed polyimide films at flow rates as low as 1 nl/min. In application of BITS in SFX experiment, the lysozyme crystal samples were embedded in a viscous lard medium and injected at a 50–100 nl/min flow rate through a syringe needle onto an UVO-treated polyimide film mounted on a fixed-target scan stage. The deposited crystal sample on film were raster scanned to XFEL by motion stage in the horizontal and vertical directions. Using this method, we successfully determined the room-temperature structure of lysozyme at 2.1 Å resolution. This method can be applied to the SFX experiments.
Ehrlichia SLiM ligand mimetic activates Hedgehog signaling to engage a BCL-2 anti-apoptotic cellular program
Authors: Byerly Caitlan D. , Mitra Shubhajit , Patterson LaNisha L. , Pittner Nicholas A. , Velayutham Thangam S. , Paessler Slobodan , Veljkovic Veljko , McBride Jere W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEhrlichia chaffeensis (E. chaffeensis) has evolved eukaryotic ligand mimicry to repurposes multiple cellular signaling pathways for immune evasion. In this investigation, we demonstrate that TRP120 has a novel repetitiveshortlinermotif (SLiM) that activates the evolutionarily conserved Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway to inhibit apoptosis. In silico analysis revealed that TRP120 has sequence and functional similarity with Hh ligands and a candidate Hh ligand SLiM was identified. siRNA knockdown of Hh signaling and transcriptional components significantly reduced infection. Co-immunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that rTRP120-TR interacted directly with Hh receptor Patched-2 (PTCH2). E. chaffeensis infection resulted in early activation of Hh transcription factor GLI-1 and upregulation of Hh target genes. Moreover, soluble recombinant TRP120 (rTRP120) activated Hh and induced gene expression consistent with the eukaryotic Hh ligand. The TRP120 Hh SLiM (NPEVLIKD) induced nuclear translocation of GLI-1 in THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes and induced a rapid and expansive activation of Hh pathway target genes. Furthermore, Hh activation was blocked by an α-TRP120 Hh SLiM antibody.TRP120 Hh SLiM significantly increased levels of Hh target, anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and siRNA knockdown of BCL-2 dramatically inhibited infection.Blocking Hh signaling with the inhibitor Vismodegib, induced a pro-apoptotic cellular program defined by decreased mitochondria membrane potential, significant reductions in BCL-2, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and increased apoptotic cells. This study reveals a novel E. chaffeensis SLiM ligand mimetic that activates Hh signaling to maintain E. chaffeensis infection by engaging a BCL-2 anti-apoptotic cellular program.Author summaryEhrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects and replicates within mononuclear phagocytes and survives intracellularly by modulating cellular signaling pathways to subvert innate immune defenses. This investigation reveals the complex and expanding role that the E. chaffeensis TRP120 moonlighting effector and SLiM ligand mimetics have on immune subversion and infection through activation and regulation of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways. Herein, we define a TRP120 Hh SLiM mimetic that induces Hh signaling and regulates the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 to prevent sequential activation of caspase 9 and 3, promoting E. chaffeensis infection. This study defines a novel prokaryotic SLiM mimetic that repurposes evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic signaling pathways to promote survival of an intracellular bacterium.
Pre-B cell receptor acts as a selectivity switch for Galectin-1 at the pre-B cell surface
Authors: Touarin Pauline , Serrano Bastien , Courbois Audrey , Bornet Olivier , Chen Qian , Scott Lincoln G. , Mancini Stéphane J.C. , Williamson James R. , Sebban-Kreuzer Corinne , Elantak Latifa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGalectins are glycan binding proteins translating the sugar-encoded information of cellular glycoconjugates into many physiological activities including immunity, cell migration, and signaling. During early B lymphocytes (BL) development at the pre-B cell stage, BL express the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) and are supported by mesenchymal stromal cells secreting Galectin-1 (Gal-1). Gal-1 interacts with glycosylated receptors from stromal and pre-B cell surfaces but also with the pre-BCR through a direct carbohydrate-independent contact. How this interaction might interplay with the glycan-decoding function of Gal-1 is unknown. Here, we investigated Gal-1 binding to cell surface ligands using NMR spectroscopy on native membranes. We showed that pre-BCR regulates Gal-1 binding to specifically target α2,3-sialylated receptors on pre-B cells. Upon pre-BCR interaction, dynamic changes resulted in additional contacts with α2,3-sialylated glycans converting Gal-1 from an exo- to an endo-type lectin. Remarkably, this selectivity switch is able to promote pre-B cell survival. Altogether, we shed light on a new mechanism allowing fine-tuning of Galectin specificity at the cell surfaces.
Aerosol Formation During Processing of Potentially Infectious Samples on Roche Immunochemistry Analyzers (cobas e analyzers) and in an End-to-End Laboratory Workflow to Model SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk for Laboratory Operators
Authors: Burghardt Géza V. , Eckl Markus , Huether Doris , Larbolette Oliver H.D. , Faso Alessia Lo , Ofenloch-Haehnle Beatus R. , Riesch Marlene A. , Herb Rolf A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed formation of potentially infectious aerosols during processing of infectious samples in a real-world laboratory setting, which could then be applied in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).MethodsThis two-part study assessed aerosol formation when using cobas e analyzers only and in an end-to-end laboratory workflow. To estimate aerosol formation, recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was used as a surrogate marker for infectious virus particles to evaluate the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to laboratory operators. Using the HBsAg model, air sampling was performed at different positions around the cobas e analyzers and in four scenarios reflecting critical handling and/or transport locations in an end-to-end laboratory workflow. Aerosol formation of HBsAg was quantified using the Elecsys® HBsAg II quant II assay. The model was then applied to a SARS-CoV-2 context using SARS-CoV-2 infection-specific parameters to calculate viral RNA copies.ResultsFollowing application to SARS-CoV-2, the mean HBsAg uptake per hour when recalculated into viral RNA copies was 1.9 viral RNA copies across the cobas e analyzers and 0.87 viral RNA copies across all tested scenarios in an end-to-end laboratory workflow. This corresponds to a maximum aspiration rate of <16 viral RNA copies during an 8-hour shift when using cobas e analyzers and/or in an end-to-end laboratory workflow.ConclusionsThe low production of marker-containing aerosol when using cobas e analyzers and in an end-to-end laboratory workflow is consistent with a remote risk of laboratory-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection for laboratory operators.SummaryThis study investigated the formation of potentially infectious aerosols during processing of infectious samples in a model using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a marker for infectious virus particles. The risk to laboratory operators of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was then inferred. Air sampling was performed around cobas e analyzers and in an end-to-end laboratory workflow, after which HBsAg was quantified and applied to SARS-CoV-2 using SARS-CoV-2 infection-specific parameters. The maximum aspiration rate of <16 viral RNA copies/8-hour shift, when applied to a SARS-CoV-2 context, poses a remote risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to laboratory operators.
Expression and secretion of circular RNAs in the parasitic nematode,Ascaris suum
Authors: Minkler Sarah J. , Loghry-Jansen Hannah J. , Sondjaja Noelle A. , Kimber Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently identified RNA species with emerging functional roles as microRNA (miRNA) and protein sponges, regulators of gene transcription and translation, and as modulators of fundamental biological processes including immunoregulation. circRNAs have been found in a variety of species including plants, animals, and model genetic organisms such as the free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Relevant to this study, circRNAs have recently been described in the parasitic nematode,Haemonchus contortus, suggesting they may have functionally important roles in parasites. Given this involvement in regulating biological processes, a better understanding of their role in parasites could be leveraged for future control efforts. Here, we report the use of next-generation sequencing to identify 1,997 distinct circRNAs expressed in adult female stages of the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode,Ascaris suum. We describe spatial expression in the ovaries and body wall muscle, and also report circRNA presence in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the parasite into the external environment. Further, we used anin-silicoapproach to predict that a subset ofAscariscircRNAs bind both endogenous parasite miRNAs as well as human host miRNAs, suggesting they could be functional as both exogenous and endogenous miRNA sponges to alter gene expression. There was not a strong correlation betweenAscariscircRNA length endogenous miRNA interactions, indicatingAscariscircRNAs are enriched forAscarismiRNA binding sites, but that human miRNAs were predicted form a more thermodynamically stable bond withAscariscircRNAs. These results suggest that secreted circRNAs could be interacting with host miRNAs at the host-parasite interface and influencing host gene transcription. Lastly, although we previously found that therapeutically relevant concentrations of the anthelmintic drug ivermectin inhibited EV release from parasitic nematodes, we did not observe a direct effect onAscariscircRNAs expression or secretion.
Marketing platform products for successful customer outcomes: an empirical investigation of project process integration
Authors: Hong Paul C. , Park Young Soo , Deng Xiyue , Hwang David W. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Cross-functional teams engage in developing platform projects which become the basis of many smaller projects. The purpose of this paper is to examine how project teams engage in front-end plan formulation and backend work implementation. This paper shows the critical linkage role of platform product practices.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the conceptual framework and research model by using a survey questionnaire for the target respondents of product development managers from the USA and Korea. After refining processes, this study determines the items for each variable for the large-scale survey.

Findings
Results suggest that when heavy-manager and customers are jointly or separately involved with a project team for the formation of shared team purpose and mission, then there would be differences in terms of information quality, shared team purpose and mission and the project outcomes. If the primary roles of heavyweight leadership and customer involvement are to improve information quality in terms of reduction of uncertainty and equivocality, then the project team is empowered enough to work on the formation of shared team purpose and mission on their own. Platform product practices are a linkage between front-end planning and back-end work doing which guides more specific projects with shared purpose and performance goals.

Research limitations/implications
As the data collection was limited to the USA and Korea, generalizability across diverse contexts requires caution. However, the findings provide meaningful insight on how to manage projects in an environment of increasing complexity and ambiguity.

Practical implications
This study provides interesting insight into how project teams approach platform product development. Based on the empirical test, this study shows how cross-functional teams integrate front-end project plan formulation and back-end project work implementation. This study also presents how heavyweight manager and customer involvement addresses the front-end information challenges and influence platform product practices.

Originality/value
This study empirically tests the role of fuzzy front planning in impacting project team success. In particular, this study highlights the dynamic relationships between heavyweight managers and customer involvement, information quality (i.e. uncertainty and equivocality), and the nature of team purpose and mission which are all crucial for effective cross-functional teamwork.
How global mindset drives innovation and exporting performance: the roles of relational and bricolage capabilities
Authors: Chang Chia-Wen , Huang Heng-Chiang 
Published: February 2022

PurposeEmerging markets play an important role in the global economy. However, a common feature of most emerging markets is that firms must operate in a resource-constrained environment. In emerging markets, global mindset is a necessary resource for firms’ global competitiveness. Although global mindset has been proven to improve export performance, the theoretical mechanism behind this relationship is less clear. Based on the resource-based on the resource-based view and capability-building perspective, this study developed a model linking global mindset, relational capability, bricolage capability, innovation, and export performance.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted to collect data from exporting firms in Taiwan. Subsequently, the data (n= 172) were analyzed using a partial least squares program.FindingsThe analytical results reveal that a global mindset positively influences relational and bricolage capabilities; relational capability positively affects bricolage capability; relational capability and bricolage capability have significant and direct effects on innovation; and innovation positively affects export performance.Originality/valueThe findings confirm that a global mindset plays a crucial role in the capability-building process, which suggests that it contributes to the development of relational and bricolage capabilities. Also, relational capability is critical for exporting firms to develop bricolage capability. Finally, innovation is an important mediating mechanism between capabilities and export performance. Therefore, exporting firms can develop their international business models on the basis of their capabilities, including relational capability and bricolage capability. These capabilities improve innovation, which, in turn, enhances export performance in a resource-constrained environment.