bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent vascular congestion in male spontaneously hypertensive rats contributes to delayed recovery of renal function following renal ischemia perfusion compared with females
Authors: Mohamed Riyaz , Crislip Gene R. , McLarnon Sarah , Wei Qingqing , O’Connor Paul M. , Sullivan Jennifer C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to ischemia is a serious and frequent clinical complication with mortality rates as high as 80%. Vascular congestion in the renal outer medulla occurs early after ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, and congestion has been linked to worsened outcomes following IR. There is evidence implicating both male sex and preexisting hypertension as risk factors for poor outcomes following IR. The present study tested the hypothesis that male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have greater vascular congestion and impaired renal recovery following renal IR vs. female SHR and normotensive male Sprague-Dawley rats (SD). Thirteen-week-old male and female SHR and SD were subjected to sham surgery or 30 min of warm bilateral ischemia followed by reperfusion. Rats were euthanized 24 h or 7 days post-IR. IR increased renal injury in all groups vs. sham controls at 24 h. At 7 days post-IR, injury remained elevated only in male SHR. Histological examination of SD and SHR kidneys 24 h post-IR showed vascular congestion in males and females. Vascular congestion was sustained only in male SHR 7 days post-IR. To assess the role of vascular congestion on impaired recovery following IR, additional male and female SHR were pretreated with heparin (200 U/kg) prior to IR. Heparin pretreatment reduced IR-induced vascular congestion and improved renal function in male SHR 7 days post-IR. Interestingly, preventing increases in blood pressure (BP) in male SHR did not alter sustained vascular congestion. Our data demonstrate that IR-induced vascular congestion is a major driving factor for impaired renal recovery in male SHR.
Online Assessment of Speech Perception and Auditory Spectrotemporal Processing in Spanish–English Bilinguals
Authors: Hisagi Miwako , Baker Melissa , Alvarado Elizabeth , Shafiro Valeriy 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:There is limited access to audiology services for the growing population of Spanish–English bilinguals in the United States. Online auditory testing can potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to in-person visits. However, even for bilinguals with high English proficiency, age of English acquisition may affect speech perception accuracy. This study used a comprehensive test battery to assess speech perception and spectrotemporal processing abilities in Spanish–English bilinguals and to evaluate susceptibility of different tests to effects of native language.Method:The online battery comprised three tests of speech in quiet (vowel and consonant identification and words in sentences), four tests of speech perception in noise (two for intelligibility and two for comprehension), and three tests of spectrotemporal processing (two tests of stochastically modulated pattern discrimination and one test of spectral resolution). Participants were 28 adult Spanish–English bilinguals whose English acquisition began either early (≤ 6 years old) or late (≥ 7 years old) and 18 English monolingual speakers.Results:Significant differences were found in six of the 10 tests. The differences were most pronounced for vowel perception in quiet, speech-in-noise test, and two tests of speech comprehension in noise. Late bilinguals consistently scored lower than native English speakers or early bilinguals. In contrast, no differences between groups were observed for digits-in-noise or three tests of spectrotemporal processing abilities.Conclusion:The findings suggest initial feasibility of online assessment in this population and can inform selection of tests for auditory assessment of Spanish–English bilinguals.
Mentoring a Voice-Specialized Clinical Fellowship
Authors: Braden Maia Nystrum 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this clinical focus article was to describe the experiences and recommended components of clinical fellow mentorship in voice and upper airway disorders.

Method:
Information is provided on the pathway to mentorship taken by this writer. Recommendations taken from the literature and the writer's experience in mentorship are provided. Skills in supervision, collaboration, and communication between mentor and fellow are highlighted.

Conclusion:
Clear communication and expectations, individualized supervision and feedback, and the knowledge and skills of the mentor are essential in training clinicians in the specialized area of voice and upper airway disorders.
Polarimetric investigation of selected cloud compositions in exoplanetary atmospheres
Authors: Lietzow M. , Wolf S. 
Published: May 2022

Aims. We investigated the impact of selected cloud condensates in exoplanetary atmospheres on the polarization of scattered stellar radiation.
Methods. We considered a selection of 25 cloud condensates that are expected to be present in extrasolar planetary atmospheres. Using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POLARIS and assuming Mie scattering theory, we calculated and studied the net polarization of scattered radiation as a function of planetary phase angle at optical to near-infrared wavelengths (0.3 μm to 1 μm).
Results. In addition to the well-known characteristics in the state of polarization, such as the rainbow determined by the real part of the refractive index, the behavior of the underlying imaginary part of the refractive index causes an increase or decrease in the degree of polarization and a change of sign in the polarization at a characteristic wavelength. In contrast to Al2O3 and MgFeSiO4, clouds composed of SiO, MnS, Na2S, or ZnS produce a rapidly decreasing degree of polarization with increasing wavelength in the context of an exoplanetary atmosphere. Furthermore, the sign of the polarization changes at a wavelength of about 0.5 μm to 0.6 μm, depending on the specific cloud condensate. The resulting net polarization is mainly positive for cloud compositions with large imaginary parts of the refractive index, such as Fe, FeS, and FeO. In addition, for Fe and FeS clouds, the maximum degree of polarization at long wavelengths is shifted to larger phase angles than for FeO.
Conclusions. We found that most of these cloud condensates, such as chlorides, sulfides, or silicates, are distinguishable from each other due to their unique wavelength-dependent complex refractive index. In particular, an increase or decrease of the net polarization as a function of wavelength and a change of sign in the polarization at specific wavelengths are important features for characterizing cloud compositions in exoplanetary atmospheres.
A new low-luminosity globular cluster discovered in the Milky Way with the VVVX survey
Authors: Garro E. R. , Minniti D. , Gómez M. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Alonso-García J. , Hempel M. , Zelada Bacigalupo R. 
Published: May 2022

Context. The VISTA Variables in the Via Láctea Extended Survey (VVVX) allows us to probe previously unexplored regions of the inner Milky Way (MW), especially those that are affected by stellar crowding and strong extinction.
Aims. Our long-term goal is to identify new star clusters and investigate them to reveal their true nature. In particular, we are looking for new candidate globular clusters (GCs) located in the Galactic bulge and disk, with the aim of completing the census of the MW GC system.
Methods. We searched and characterised new GCs, using a combination of the near-infrared (IR) VVVX survey and Two Micron All Sky survey (2MASS) datasets, and the optical Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) photometry and its precise proper motions (PMs).
Results. We report the discovery of a new Galactic GC, named Garro 02, situated at RA = 18:05:51.1, Dec = −17:42:02 and l = 12.°042, b = +1.°656. Performing a PM-decontamination procedure, we built a final catalogue with all cluster members, on which we performed a photometric analysis. We calculated a reddening of E(J − Ks) = 1.07 ± 0.06 mag and extinction of AKs = 0.79 ± 0.04 mag in the near-IR; while E(BP − RP) = 2.40 ± 0.01 mag and AG = 4.80 ± 0.02 mag in optical passbands. Its heliocentric distance is D = 5.6 ± 0.8 kpc, which places Garro 02 at a Galactocentric distance of RG = 2.9 kpc and Z = 0.006 kpc above the Galactic plane. We also estimated the metallicity and age by comparison with known GCs and by fitting PARSEC isochrones, finding [Fe/H] = −1.30 ± 0.2 dex and age = 12 ± 2 Gyr. We derived the mean cluster PM of (µα*,µδ) = (−6.07 ± 0.62, −6.15 ± 0.75) mas yr−1. We calculated the cluster luminosity in the near-IR of MKs = −7.52 ± 1.23 mag, which is equivalent to MV = −5.44 mag. The core and tidal radii from the radial density profile are rc = 1.25 ± 0.27 arcmin (2.07 pc) and rt = 7.13 ± 3.83 arcmin (11.82 pc), respectively.
Conclusions. We confirm Garro 02 as a new genuine Galactic GC, located in the MW bulge. It is a low-luminosity, metal-poor, and old GC, and it is a lucky survivor of the strong dynamical processes that occurred during the MW’s entire life.
Theoretical study of the formation of large, astronomically relevant PAH-organic molecule clusters
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhang Congcong , Chen Yang , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping 
Published: May 2022

Context. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules play an essential role in the prebiotic compound evolution network in the interstellar medium (ISM). A recent experimental study revealed that large, astronomically relevant PAH-organic molecule clusters are gradually formed through the ion-molecule collision reaction pathway in the presence of a strong radiation field.
Aims. We present a theoretical survey for the formation processes of PAH-organic molecule clusters (e.g., such as the graphene carbon cluster (C48) organic molecule (Pyroglutaminol, pgn, C5H9NO2) cluster cations, (pgn)nC48+, n = [1,6]), to illustrate the building block mechanism for the formation of large prebiotic compounds.
Methods. To investigate the stability and the building block formation mechanisms of PAH-organic molecule clusters in the ion-molecule collision reaction process, we carried out theoretical calculations with DFT, including the hybrid density functional B3LYP, as implemented in the Gaussian 16 program. The basis set of the 6-311++G** and 6-31+G** was selected and used for different cluster systems.
Results. We investigated the structure of newly formed species and the energy for these reaction pathways. The ion-molecule reaction between ((C5H9NO2)nC48+, n = [0,5]) with C5H9NO2 readily occur, resulting in a very large number of reaction pathways and very complex newly formed molecular clusters. An expanded tree (in building block pathways) shows the trunk and branches of these various formation pathways. These clusters (e.g., the graphene carbon cluster and its organic molecules) provide a possible formation and chemical-evolution route for the large complex prebiotic compounds in bottom-up and energy allowed processes in the ISM.
Conclusions. The gas-phase reactions between large PAH species and organic molecules occur relatively easily, resulting in a very large number of reaction pathways and very complex newly formed molecular clusters. These PAH-organic molecule clusters will lead to large organic molecules, which may contain some of the critical molecular configurations that can characterize living material.
Formulation, Characterization, and the Diuretic Effects of a New
Intravenous Metolazone Emulsion
Authors: Ahlschwede Kristen M. , Ofori Edward , Andey Terrick , Osei Anita , Somberg John S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective Acute decompensated heart failure is often treated with a
combination of loop and thiazide-like diuretics. Of these thiazide-like
diuretics, two common choices are intravenous chlorothiazide or oral metolazone.
Metolazone is more potent and has a longer duration of action, but since it is
an oral formulation, it has a longer on-set time as compared to chlorothiazide.
In addition, metolazone is poorly water-soluble, thereby rendering intravenous
formulation more challenging. To address these issues, we proposed the
formulation of a solvent-free metolazone emulsion for intravenous
administration.
Methods An oil-in-water emulsion containing 1 mg/mL of
metolazone was formulated by homogenizing soybean oil and l-lecithin in
water in the presence of optimized concentrations of glycerin with tween 80 or
poloxamer 188 as surfactant. The emulsion was characterized on the basis of
particle size, zeta potential, morphology and metolazone release kinetics. The
diuretic effect of the metolazone emulsion was evaluated in rats.
Results The 1 mg/mL metolazone emulsion prepared with
5% tween 80 displayed the best physical stability. The emulsion
exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 157.13±1.52 nm. About
93% of metolazone was released from the formulation within 2 h.
The 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg dose of the metolazone
emulsion increased urine output in the rats by 68.9 and 134%,
respectively, as compared to control rats. Furthermore, the
4 mg/kg dose exhibited a 168.8%, 25.8%, and
150.9% increase in sodium, potassium, and chloride, respectively.
Conclusion This metolazone emulsion was capable of increasing urine volume
output and demonstrated both natriuretic and kaliuretic properties.
Resolution and Re-ossification of Orbital-Wall Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Following Stereotactic Needle Biopsy
Authors: Broaddus William C. , Somasundaram Aravind , Carr Matthew T. , Opalak Charles F. , Richard Hope T. , Wolber Sharon B. , Sangiray Hayri E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that encompasses a spectrum of clinical syndromes. It is characterized by the proliferation and infiltration of white blood cells into organs or organ systems. Reports of management of these lesions have included biopsy, resection, curettage, radiation, and/or chemotherapy.
Case Presentation A 40-year-old man presented with a history of right proptosis and retro-orbital pain and was found to have a lytic mass involving the greater wing of the sphenoid extending into the right orbit. A stereotactic needle biopsy using neuronavigation demonstrated this to be LCH. After no further treatment, the mass spontaneously resolved, with virtual normalization of the orbital magnetic resonance imaging at 10 months following the needle biopsy. The bony defect of the temporal bone caused by the mass also re-ossified following the needle biopsy.
Discussion This report highlights the potential for an isolated LCH lesion to regress after simple needle biopsy, an outcome only rarely reported previously. Thus, expectant management of such lesions following biopsy or initial debridement should be considered prior to proceeding with additional treatment.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Ketones from Carboxylic Acids and Arylboronic Acids Using 2-Chloroimidazolium Chloride as a Coupling Reagent
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Yuan-Hua , Wang Qi-Wei , Zheng Wei-Xiang , Zhong Jing , Yang Yi-Ting , Luobu Meluze 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarboxylic acids are an abundant and structurally diverse class of commercially available materials, which are commonly used as stable reagents in organic synthesis. The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction directly using carboxylic acid as a substrate has been rarely reported. Here, we report an efficient coupling reaction of carboxylic acids with arylboronic acids in toluene in the presence of IPrCl-Cl, Pd(OAc)2, PPh3, and K3PO4·7H2O at 90 °C to give the corresponding aryl ketones.
Expanding the Library of 2-Phenylbenzotellurazoles: Red-Shifting Effect­ of Ethoxy Functionalities on the UV/Vis Absorption Properties
Authors: Romito Deborah , Amendolare Leonardo , Bonifazi Davide , Kalathil Krishnan K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work describes the high-yield synthesis of a novel series of benzotellurazoles bearing a phenyl ring in 2-position, which is differently functionalized with ethoxy chains. Changing the number and the position of these functional groups determines differences in the self-assembly in the solid state, as well as in the photophysical properties of the targeted molecules. As anticipated by theoretical calculations of the HOMO-LUMO gap of each molecule, the presence of ethoxy chains in o- and p-positions determines up to 20 nm red-shifts in the absorption peaks, when compared to unsubstituted benzotellurazole. Similarly, more significant changes are observed in the chemical shifts of 125Te NMR spectra for those derivatives bearing o- and p-ethoxy functionalization.
Transformations of Main-Group Organometallics Induced by Transition Metals
Authors: Hirao Toshikazu , Amaya Toru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe oxidative dehydrometallation of silyl or boron enolates is induced by palladium(II) catalyst to result in the versatile introduction of α,β-unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds via palladium enolates. Selective oxidative cross- and homo-coupling reactions of silyl or boron enolates induced by vanadium(V) oxidant provide a selective synthetic method for accessing 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds in a nucleo­phile-nucleophile coupling mode. The ligand coupling reaction of main-group organometallic compounds induced by vanadium(V) oxi­dant provides a unique method for intramolecular carbon–carbon bond formation of nucleophiles. The last two reactions are a complementary strategy for the nucleophile-electrophile coupling reaction. The dehydrometallation and coupling reactions probably proceed through two- and one-electron oxidation processes, respectively.1	Introduction2	Palladium-Catalyzed Dehydrometallation3	Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Main-Group Organometallic Compounds4	Oxidative Ligand Coupling of Main-Group Organometallic Compounds5	Conclusion
Predicting the Risk of Postoperative Complications of Schwannoma Surgery: Development and Assessment of a New Predictive Nomogram
Authors: Lin Yutian , Li Peifeng , Chen Xiangxiang , Zhu Junyi , Lu Yingfeng , Yu Fangzheng , Xiao Jian , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a risk nomogram for postoperative complications of schwannoma surgery.
Methods From 2016 to 2020, we reviewed 83 patients who underwent schwannoma resection with a total number of 85 schwannomas. A predictive model was developed based on the dataset of this group. During model construction, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the independent predictors of postoperative complications. Assessment of the discriminative function, calibrating proficiency, and clinical usefulness of the predicting model was performed using C-index, calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis. Internal validation was assessed using bootstrapping validation.
Results Predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included age, tumor location, symptoms, and surgical approach. The model displayed satisfying abilities of discrimination and calibration, with a C-index of 0.901 (95% confidence [CI]: 0.837–0.965). A high C-index value of 0.853 was achieved in the interval verification. Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the complication possibility threshold of 2%.
Conclusion This new risk nomogram for postoperative complications of schwannoma surgery has taken age, tumor location, symptoms, and surgical approach into account. It has reasonable predictive accuracy and can be conveniently used. It shall help patients understand the risk of postoperative complications before surgery, and offer guidance to surgeons in deciding on the surgical approach.
A method for improving the betavoltaic cell’s conversion efficiency: Using the alloy as Schottky metal
Authors: Wang Yu , Lu Jingbin , Zheng Renzhou , Li Xiaoyi , Liu Yumin , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yuehui , Chen Ziyi 
Published: May 2022

Under the irradiation of a 63Ni source, the Al/diamond Schottky barrier diode and 2198 Al–Li alloy/diamond Schottky barrier diode can convert decay energy into electrical energy. Through the Monte Carlo method, the energy depositions of the 63Ni source in the energy converters are simulated separately. And then the electrical output properties of two betavoltaic batteries are calculated and compared. The short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor and maximum output power density of the Al/diamond and 2198 Al–Li alloy/diamond Schottky barrier batteries are 0.086 μA/cm2, 2.14 V, 0.93, 0.17 μW/cm2 and 0.089 μA/cm2, 2.66 V, 0.95, 0.22 μW/cm2, respectively. The maximum output power increased by about 29%, which indicates that using alloy as Schottky metal can significantly improve the output performance of a betavoltaic battery.
Spin–orbit torque driven nano-oscillators based on synthetic Néel-like skyrmion in magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Choi Byoung , Aryal Mukesh , Choi Minyeong , Hong Yang-Ki 
Published: May 2022

A synthetic skyrmion-based magnetic tunnel junction spintronic nano-oscillator is proposed. The oscillator consists of a Pt/Co/AlOx/Co heterostructure. It exploits the high-frequency eigenoscillations of a synthetic chiral nanomagnet, which is imprinted in the Pt/Co layer by the local manipulation of the magnetic anisotropy and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. This synthetic nanomagnet has the spin texture equivalent to the Néel skyrmion, and its topological stabilization remains resilient with respect to the thermal fluctuations at finite temperatures. The oscillator is activated by spin Hall effect-induced spin–orbit torques, and an eigenoscillation with a frequency of ∼2.5 GHz is achieved. When the drive current exceeds a threshold value, the eigenfrequency shifts toward lower frequencies. This redshift is associated with the transition of skyrmion dynamics, in which its eigenmode evolves from the counter-clockwise rotation mode to a complex hybrid mode. Our result verifies the working performance of the proposed synthetic skyrmion-based oscillator and suggests promising prospects for using such artificial nanomagnets in future spintronic applications. It is also found that the synthetic skyrmions are topologically protected from annihilation under high drive currents and finite temperatures, and this resilience, thus, offers new opportunities to better design next generation skyrmion-based spintronic devices.
Optimization of optical spin readout of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond based on spin relaxation model
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Watanabe Hideyuki , Sumiya Hitoshi , Itoh Kohei M. , Sasaki Kento , Ishi-Hayase Junko , Kobayashi Kensuke 
Published: May 2022

For quantum sensing, it is vital to develop an efficient technique for determining the quantum state of the sensor. We optimize the weighting of the photoluminescence intensity for readout of the spin state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We find that adopting a physical model that considers the optical transitions and relaxations of the NV center allows for an efficient readout. Our method improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the readout by 5.4% in a short time of 3 s, while the existing methods typically require 1 min of integration time. We also show that our technique enhances the readout of the nuclear spin memory. The demonstrated way is helpful for a wide range of measurements, from a few minutes to several days.