bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA‐LINC00478 promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through PBX3
Authors: Tang Zhiling , Tang Chenye , Sun Chun , Ying Xiangjun , Shen Ruilin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs play an important regulatory role in the development and progression of tumors. Our study found that LINC00478 was upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), so we made an in‐depth exploration into its mechanism. In Caki‐2 cells, we established the oe‐LINC00478 cell line overexpressing LINC00478, and established underexpressing sh‐LINC00478 cell line by short hairpin RNA silencing. The abilities of oe‐LINC00478 cell invasion and metastasis were significantly enhanced, and the cell proliferative potential was also improved. The cellular expressions of PBX3, CDCA8, and CDK2 were upregulated, while in the sh‐LINC00478 cells, the proliferative potential and metastatic and invasive abilities were weakened. Similarly, we established the PBX3‐overexpressing oe‐PBX3 cell line and the PBX3‐underexpressing sh‐PBX3 cell line, finding that the PBX3 overexpression enhanced the metastatic and invasive abilities of Caki‐2 cells. When we overexpressed LINC00478 in PBX3‐knockout Caki‐2‐PBX3−/− cells, no significant changes were noted in the metastatic or invasive ability. Through RNA pull‐down and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation assays, we found that LINC00478 could facilitate the transcription–translation processes of PBX3 by binding to it, thus further promoting the expression of downstream cyclins to exert its action. In animal experimentation, the oe‐LINC00478 and sh‐LINC00478 Caki‐2 cells were separately seeded, revealing that the tumor volume was significantly larger in the oe‐LINC00478 group than in the sh‐LINC00478 group. This study finds that by promoting the PBX3 transcription, LINC00478 can further regulate the expressions of downstream cyclins, thereby facilitating the metastasis and invasion of ccRCC.
Vibrationally resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra of flavins: A theoretical simulation in the gas phase
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlavin is involved in a wide range of life processes. Flavin can exist in different forms due to its ability to transfer electron(s) in different physiological conditions. It is difficult to experimentally obtain the absorption and fluorescence spectra at the vibrational level. A systematically theoretical simulation is a necessary way to explore the fine structure of these spectra of all forms of flavin molecules. In this study, the vibrationally resolved absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of five forms of flavins (fully oxidized form , neutral radical form , anionic radical form , neutral reduced form , and anionic reduced form ) are simulated by adiabatic or vertical methods combined with time‐dependent or time‐independent (TD/TI) formalisms, with displace, Duschinsky, and Herzberg−Teller (HT) effects under the framework of the Franck‐Condon approximation. The statistical vibronic transition analysis reveals the unity of the spectrum transition property, the relevant normal modes, and the primary geometrical variations. The correlation between geometry and spectral calculation is explained.
Characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among Iranian liver transplant recipients
Authors: Khamseh Azam , Poortahmasebi Vahdat , Soltani Saber , Nasiritoosi Mohsen , Jafarian Ali , Ghaziasadi Azam , Norouzi Mehdi , Ghorbani Saied , Eslami Narges , Jazayeri Seyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among Iranian liver transplant recipient patients has not been explored yet. The present study aimed to determine the OBI prevalence among Iranian liver transplant recipients.MethodsThis study encompassed 97 patients having undergone liver transplantation due to several clinical backgrounds in the Liver Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran. After serological evaluation, two different types of PCR methods were applied for amplification of HBV DNA, followed by the direct sequencing of whole hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface genes.ResultsAt the time of admission, none of the patients were positive for HBsAg. However, 24 (25%), 12 (12.3%), and 5 (5.1%) cases were positive for anti‐HBc, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) antibodies, respectively. Moreover, two males were positive for OBI (2.1%). Both were positive for anti‐HBc and negative for anti‐HBs, anti‐HCV, and anti‐HDV. HBV‐related cirrhosis was the underlying reason for their liver transplantation. HBsAg sequences revealed no amino acid substitution.ConclusionsThe prevalence of OBI in the Iranian liver transplantation patients was relatively low. Future longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are suggested to explore the significance of this clinical finding, including the reactivation of cryptic HBV DNA, in liver transplant subjects.
Upregulation of KIF18B facilitates malignant phenotype of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by activating CDCA8/mTORC1 pathway
Authors: Xie Jiangliu , Wang Bo , Luo Wenjie , Li Chen , Jia Xunchao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundKinesin family member 18B (KIF18B) has been regarded as an oncogene that is abnormally overexpressed in some cancers, but its mechanism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear, which is thereby investigated in this study.MethodsBioinformatics analysis was performed to analyze the expression of KIF18B in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect KIF18B expression in ESCC cells. After KIF18B overexpression or cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) deficiency, ESCC cells were subjected to determination of qRT‐PCR, Western blot, cell counting kit‐8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell assay. The mechanism of KIF18B in the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway was detected by Western blot.ResultsKIF18B was overexpressed in ESCA samples and ESCC cells. Upregulation of KIF18B enhanced the viability, accelerated cell cycle by elevating CDK4 and Cyclin D3 levels as well as promoted the migration and invasion by decreasing E‐cadherin level and increasing Vimentin and N‐cadherin levels in ESCC cells, which was counteracted by CDCA8 silencing. The expression of CDCA8 in ESCC cells was upregulated by KIF18B overexpression. KIF18B overexpression activated the mTORC1 pathway by upregulating phosphorylated (p)‐/p70S6K and p‐/mTOR levels in the ESCC cells, which was reversed by CDCA8 silencing.ConclusionKIF18B overexpression promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells via CDCA8‐mediated mTORC1 signaling pathway in vitro.
High expression of DARS2 indicates poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Yingfeng , You Jianbin , Wu Chuncai , Kang Yanli , Chen Falin , Chen Liangyuan , Wu Wenbing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDARS2 was overexpressed in multiple tumor types, but the biological role of DARS2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been elucidated.MethodsFirstly, the DARS2 expression in LUAD was explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, qRT‐PCR and Western blot were performed to confirm DARS2 expression in LUAD. Next, Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier methods were utilized to evaluate whether DARS2 expression can affect the overall survival. The relationships between DARS2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were investigated by TCGA database. Moreover, we utilized Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to detect DARS2‐related signaling pathways in LUAD. Finally, the special function of DARS2 in cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis was assessed in vitro.ResultsThe higher expression of DARS2 was found in LUAD compared to para‐carcinoma tissues and significantly related to tumor stage, T stage, and M stage. The survival analysis indicated that DARS2 overexpression was related to poor prognosis in LUAD. Multivariate analysis suggested that DARS2 expression was a prognostic indicator. GSEA revealed that DARS2 was primarily involved in cell cycle‐related pathways. In addition, upregulation of DARS2 facilitated LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhabited apoptosis, DARS2 knockdown showed an opposite result.ConclusionDARS2 modulates the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of LUAD cells, and sever as a promising therapeutic target for LUAD.
Oxidation reaction mechanism of hydrothermal carbon microspheres with applications to transesterification after sulfonation
Authors: Xue Yuan , Zhao Xueling , Yuan Hong , Li Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn efficient sulfonic acid‐type acid catalyst with high acid site density based on hydrothermal carbon microspheres (HCMs) has been developed. The reaction by which double bonds in the HCMs were oxidized to generate carboxyl groups was evaluated based on density functional theory calculations.ResultsSulfonic acid‐type HCMs (SHCMs) were prepared from HCMs through a three‐step process comprising oxidation, amidation and sulfonation. An analysis of the oxidation process indicated that the formation of carboxyl groups involved the activation of O2 molecules and CH bonds, the cleavage of CC bonds, the homolytic fission of peroxy acids and the coupling reactions of H• radicals. The formation of numerous carboxyl groups on the HCM surfaces was the key to obtaining SHCMs with a high acid density of 14.5 mmol g−1.ConclusionsThe SHCMs obtained exhibited good catalytic performance during the transesterification of waste frying oil with methanol. Reactions performed using a methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1 at 90 °C for 5 h gave a fatty acid methyl ester yield of 85.56%. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A comprehensive analysis of observed and projected climate extremes of temperature and precipitation in Belo Monte Hydropower Plant ‐ eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Luiz‐Silva Wanderson , Regoto Pedro , de Vasconcellos Camila Ferreira , Garcia Katia Cristina , Guimarães Felipe Bevilaqua Foldes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, the climatology, observed trends, and future projections of temperature and precipitation extremes are analysed in the drainage area of the Belo Monte Hydropower Plant in the Xingu River basin. Observed data come from gridded information for the period 1980–2013. The climate projections until the end of the 21st century are provided by the regional climate model Eta‐20 km nested to the global climate model MIROC5. Seventeen climate indicators were selected for this assessment, and statistical tests were used to evaluate the significance and magnitude of trends. A tropical climate predominates in the whole basin but with differences in the climatology of extreme temperature. The average annual rainfall (PRCPTOT) presents values between 1,500 and 2,200 mm. Remarkable contrasts of consecutive dry days (CDD) can also be seen. We found a warming signal during the examined period in much of the Xingu River basin, with an increase in the frequency of extremely warm days and nights. In the northern (south‐central) area of the basin, there is an increase (reduction) in precipitation. There is a contrasted and local distribution of detected trends in all climate extremes indices related to rainfall. CDD has displayed a considerable elevation in the south‐central area over the last decades. The study area exhibits statistically significant warming projections to the future climate. As for the precipitation projections, future changes are toward a dryer climate. We also found that dry periods may last longer in the following decades. Thus, heatwaves can be excited by subsequent days without precipitation in the basin in the future climate. The impacts of climate change on the balance of different environmental and socioeconomic sectors in this area must be wholly investigated.
Ester‐based surfactants: Are they stable enough?
Authors: Lundberg Dan , Stjerndahl Maria , Holmberg Krister 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurfactants with an ester bond connecting the polar headgroup and the hydrophobic tail are common. They are easy to synthesize, they can often be made from natural raw materials and their biodegradation profile is generally good, partly due to lipase or esterase catalyzed breakdown of the ester bond in sewage plants. A labile ester bond in the molecule may cause problems, however. Surfactants are often formulated at relatively high pH and it is important that they remain intact for a given period of time. In this article we discuss alkaline hydrolysis of different types of ester‐based surfactants—cationic, anionic and nonionic—and also of surfactant mixtures. We show that the ester bond in a surfactant has a different hydrolysis pattern than ester bonds in non‐surface active uncharged molecules. Cationic ester‐based surfactants are hydrolyzed rapidly while anionic and also nonionic ester‐containing surfactants are relatively resistant to hydrolysis.
Low‐pressure ozone injection system: relationship between reaction kinetics and physical properties of grains
Authors: Sitoe Eugénio da Piedade Edmundo , Faroni Lêda Rita D'Antonino , de Alencar Ernandes Rodrigues , Silva Marcus Vinicius de Assis , Salvador Davi Vittorazzi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe ozonation of grains in a closed system at low pressure is a strategy with the potential for treating packaged products. Research is necessary to characterize the reaction kinetics of ozone in this type of injection system so that it is possible to design chambers and determine the ozone concentrations suitable for commercial‐scale applications. The objective of this study was therefore to characterize the low‐pressure ozone injection system in relation to the physical properties of the grains and determine possible changes in their quality. Samples (5 kg each) of common beans, cowpea beans, corn, popcorn kernels, paddy rice, and polished rice were exposed to ozone in a 70 L hypobaric chamber. Initially, the internal pressure of the chamber was reduced to 500 hPa. Then, ozone was injected at a concentration of 32.10 g m−3 at a volumetric flow rate of 1 L min−1 until reaching a pressure of 1000 hPa. To relate the decomposition of ozone to the grains that were being evaluated, different physical properties were determined, and quality analysis was conducted.RESULTSOzone gas half‐life outside and inside the package depended on the grain type. Ozone decomposition was quickest in polished rice and slowest in common beans. The half‐life of the different grains ranged from 17.8 to 52.9 and 16.4 to 52.9 min, outside and inside the package, respectively. Considering the physical properties, specific surface (Ss), surface area (SA), and sphericity (φ) exhibited a significant correlation with the decomposition rate constant (k) of ozone. However, the variables volume (V), permeability (K), porosity (ε), and specific mass (ρ) showed no correlation with k.CONCLUSIONThe physical properties of grain influenced the reaction kinetics of ozone gas during the low‐pressure injection process. Ozone gas injection at low pressures did not alter the quality attributes of the grains under study. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recycling of polypropylene by supercritical carbon dioxide for extraction of contaminants from beverage cups. A comparison with polyethylene terephthalate and polylactic acid
Authors: Singh Srishti , Pereira Joel , Brandão Teresa , Oliveira Ana Leite , Poças Fátima 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEU policies towards a circular economy address plastic packaging as one of the significant concerns and sets ambitious recycling targets. Polyolefins (POs) cannot be recycled for food contact using conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling approaches. Thermal degradation prevents the use of high temperatures and, consequently, decontamination of POs may be insufficient when using lower temperatures. Polypropylene (PP) beverage cups were decontaminated using supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (scCO2). Decontamination efficiencies (DEs) of selected markers were determined in challenge tests following European Food Safety Authority guidelines. The effects of time (10–60 min) for PET, polylactic acid (PLA), and PP and temperature (60–80 °C) for PP were studied at constant pressure. The physical properties, sensorial properties, and overall migration of treated scCO2 PP were analysed and compared with virgin PP.RESULTSPP showed the highest average DE, and PET the lowest, for all the surrogates and in all time conditions. A relative increase in the DE with the increase in process time, particularly for PET and to some extent for PLA, was seen. For PP, no significant impact of time and temperature was observed under the conditions tested. The DE of volatile surrogates was higher than that of semi‐volatiles. Results indicate that the scCO2 treatment did not affect the physical and sensorial properties, nor the overall migration of PP, although it contributes to a considerable reduction in extractable n < C24 alkanes.CONCLUSIONSResults indicate that scCO2 can be used to decontaminate post‐consumption PP beverage cups with higher DEs than those for PET and PLA, applying mild processing conditions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hydrothermal treatment improves xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and affects the polyphenol profile of Flos Sophorae Immaturus
Authors: Li Jun , Gong Yuhong , Li Jinwei , Fan Liuping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlos Sophorae Immaturus (FSI) is rich in polyphenols and a potential uric acid‐lowering food. However, the processing of FSI is greatly restricted due to the heat sensitivity and low solubility of polyphenols. In this study, hydrothermal treatment – an effective strategy – was applied to FSI processing. The variation of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effect and polyphenol composition of FSI during hydrothermal treatment were recorded.RESULTSThe XO inhibition rate of FSI increased from 32.42% to 89.00% after hydrothermal treatment at 220 °C for 30 min, as well as total polyphenols (from 0.66 to 1.11 mg mL−1) and flavonoids (from 1.21 to 1.58 mg mL−1). However, high thermal temperature (>160 °C) and extended thermal time (>90 min) caused the degradation of polyphenols. Rutin, kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside and narcissoside rapidly degraded and converted to quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin when the temperature exceeded 160 °C. The maximum yields of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were at 220 °C for 30 min, 90 min and 90 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the conversion kinetics conformed to the first‐order model. Interestingly, these newly formed polyphenols possessed better XO inhibitory effects than their derivatives with 3‐O‐rutinoside.CONCLUSIONPolyphenol conversion during hydrothermal treatment was the main reason for enhancing XO inhibitory activity. Therefore, hydrothermal treatment is an appropriate method for improving the XO inhibitory effect of FSI. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modification of wine phenolic profiles by gibberellic acid application in ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapevines before anthesis
Authors: Song Jianqiang , Zhang Ang , Gao Fei , Liang Haizhong , Li Mingqing , Zhang Jie , Wang Genjie , Qu Huige , Cheng Shiwei , Ruan Shili , Li Jiming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitis viniferaL. ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes from the Yantai wine region of China usually form dense clusters and contain low phenolic content. We applied five concentrations (ranged from 5 to 25 mg L−1) of gibberellic acid (GA3) to ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ before anthesis to decrease cluster compactness in two consecutive vintages. Yield indices, grape maturity, and wine phenolic compounds were determined.RESULTSGA3application significantly reduced cluster compactness, bunch weight, and yield per vine, but it did not significantly improve fruit ripening. The levels of total phenolics, total tannins, and total anthocyanins in wine were enhanced by GA3application, with 10 and 15 mg L−1GA3treatments consistently producing a significant increase in the concentrations of mavidin, cyanidin, and their derivatives. Specifically,trans‐resveratrol was consistently significantly increased by 15 mg L−1GA3application. Principal component analysis of phenolic compounds demonstrated the differences among wines produced from GA3treatment groups and the control.CONCLUSIONOverall, wine phenolic profiles could be significantly modified by application of low concentrations of GA3before anthesis. Application of high levels of GA3is not recommended due to significant yield decrease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Whey protein hydrolysates as prebiotic and protective agent regulate growth and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosusCICC22152 during spray/freeze‐drying, storage and gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Xie Hexiang , Liao Yang , Woo Meng Wai , Xiong Hua , Zhao Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDProbiotic products are receiving increasing attention because of their tremendous beneficial health effects. However, it is still a great challenge to preserve probiotic viability during processing, storage and gastrointestinal digestion. Encapsulation is a widely known technology for enhancing bacterial viability and product stability. Hence highly hydrolyzed whey protein hydrolysate (HWPH) and moderately hydrolyzed whey protein hydrolysate (MWPH) used as a one‐step culture medium and wall material for Lactobacillus rhamnosus were investigated.RESULTSH/MWPH‐substitutive medium for the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus presented double the biomass production compared to other media. The H/MWPH‐substitutive medium in combination with freeze drying also led to the highest survival ratio (97.13 ± 9.16%) and cell viability (10.62 log CFU g−1). The highest survival rate of spray‐dried cells was 85.56 ± 7.4%. In addition, the cell viability of spray‐dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus with MWPH as culture and dry medium was 0.79 log CFU g−1 higher than that of HWPH. Images confirmed that spray‐dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus in MWPH provided better protection and it showed greater sustained viability after gastrointestinal digestion.CONCLUSIONOverall, WPH just as carrier provides better thermal protection and MWPH is a preferable two‐in‐one medium for probiotics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modeling the relationship between air temperature and grapefruit quality traits
Authors: Zhang Congmu , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Ritenour Mark A. , Alam‐Eldein Shamel M. , Muñoz‐Carpena Rafael , Sargent Steven A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumers of grapefruit require consistent fruit quality with a good physical appearance and taste. The air temperature during the growing season affects both the external (external color index (ECI)) and internal (titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids ratio (TSS/TA)) fruit quality of grapefruit. The objective of this study was to develop computer models that encompass the relationship between preharvest air temperature and fruit quality to predict fruit quality of grapefruit at harvest.RESULTSThere was a logarithmic relationship between the number of days with a daily minimum air temperature ≤13 °C and ECI, with a greater number of days resulting in higher ECI. In addition, there was a second‐order polynomial relationship between the number of hours ≥21 °C and both TA and TSS/TA, with a greater number of hours resulting in lower TA and higher TSS/TA. Model performance for predicting the ECI, TA, and TSS/TA during 2004–05 and 2005–06 growing seasons was good, with Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) values for each season of 0.835 and 0.917 respectively for ECI, 0.896 and 0.965 respectively for TA and 0.898 and 0.966 respectively for TSS/TA. Applying the model to statistical survey data covering 13 growing seasons demonstrated that the TSS/TA model was robust.CONCLUSIONStatistical models were developed that predicted the development of grapefruit ECI, TA, and TSS/TA. The TSS/TA model was confirmed after application to long‐term statistical survey data covering 13 growing seasons. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.