bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Extrinsic Pigmentation on Dimensional Stability, Hardness, Detail Reproduction, and Color of a Silicone
Authors: Goiato Júlio César Vieira , Lopes Victória Tiyemi , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , de Magalhães Bertoz André Pinheiro , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Bento Victor Augusto Alves , Goiato Marcelo Coelho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of extrinsic pigmentation on the dimensional stability, hardness, detail reproduction, and color of a silicone after thermocycling.
Materials and Methods Sixty samples of MDX4–4210 silicone (Dow Corning Corporation Medical Products) with intrinsic pink pigment (H-109-P, Factor II) and intrinsic opacifier (TiO) were fabricated. Two groups were created: Group 1—only intrinsic pigmentation (H-109P, Factor II + TiO) (Control); and Group 2—intrinsic (H-109P, Factor II + TiO) and extrinsic (Tan FE - 215, Factor II) pigmentation. The following tests were performed for each group: dimensional stability, Shore A hardness, detail reproduction, and color. Readings for the tests were taken before and after thermocycling (2,000 cycles). For dimensional stability and hardness, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. One-way ANOVA was used for the color test. In case of significant statistical difference, the Tukey test was applied (p <0.05). All samples achieved the same detail reproduction score, therefore, no statistical evaluation was performed.
Results For the dimensional stability test, comparing the initial time with the final time, there was a significant contraction in both groups after thermocycling. For the hardness test, comparing the time points, only group 1 showed a significant reduction in hardness after thermocycling. Groups 1 and 2 scored 2 for the detail reproduction test, before and after thermocycling. Comparing group 1 with group 2, there was no significant difference for color change.
Conclusion Based on the tests performed, extrinsic pigmentation did not show a negative effect on silicone, and therefore it can be indicated. The results of the dimensional, hardness, detail reproduction and color evaluations of the MDX4–4210 silicone were clinically acceptable in all cases in the groups with and without extrinsic pigmentation.
A diagnostic to measure neutral-atom density in fusion-research plasmas
Authors: Dogariu A. , Cohen S. A. , Jandovitz P. , Vinoth S. , Evans E. S. , Swanson C. P. S. 
Published: September 2022

A femtosecond two-photon-absorption laser-induced-fluorescence (TALIF) diagnostic was designed, installed, and operated on the Princeton-Field-Reversed Configuration-2 device to provide non-invasive measurements of the time and spatially resolved neutral-atom densities in its plasmas. Calibration of the Ho density was accomplished by comparison with Kr TALIF. Measurements on plasmas formed of either H2 or Kr fill gases allowed examination of nominally long and short ionization mean-free-path regimes. With multi-kW plasma heating and H2 fill gas, a spatially uniform Ho density of order 1017 m−3 was measured with better than ±2 mm and 10 µs resolution. Under similar plasma conditions but with Kr fill gas, a 3-fold decrease in the in-plasma Kr density was observed.
Tracking structural solvent reorganization and recombination dynamics following e− photoabstraction from aqueous I− with femtosecond x-ray spectroscopy and scattering
Authors: Vester Peter , Kubicek Katharina , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Assefa Tadesse , Biasin Elisa , Christensen Morten , Dohn Asmus O. , van Driel Tim B. , Galler Andreas , Gawelda Wojciech , Harlang Tobias C. B. , Henriksen Niels E. , Kjær Kasper S. , Kuhlman Thomas S. , Németh Zoltán , Nurekeyev Zhangatay , Pápai Mátyás , Rittman Jochen , Vankó György , Yavas Hasan , Zederkof Diana B. , Bergmann Uwe , Nielsen Martin M. , Møller Klaus B. , Haldrup Kristoffer , Bressler Christian 
Published: September 2022

We present a sub-picosecond resolved investigation of the structural solvent reorganization and geminate recombination dynamics following 400 nm two-photon excitation and photodetachment of a valence p electron from the aqueous atomic solute, I−(aq). The measurements utilized time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (TR-XANES) spectroscopy and X-ray Solution Scattering (TR-XSS) at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free electron laser in a laser pump/x-ray probe experiment. The XANES measurements around the L1-edge of the generated nascent iodine atoms (I0) yield an average electron ejection distance from the iodine parent of 7.4 ± 1.5 Å with an excitation yield of about 1/3 of the 0.1M NaI aqueous solution. The kinetic traces of the XANES measurement are in agreement with a purely diffusion-driven geminate iodine–electron recombination model without the need for a long-lived (I0:e−) contact pair. Nonequilibrium classical molecular dynamics simulations indicate a delayed response of the caging H2O solvent shell and this is supported by the structural analysis of the XSS data: We identify a two-step process exhibiting a 0.1 ps delayed solvent shell reorganization time within the tight H-bond network and a 0.3 ps time constant for the mean iodine–oxygen distance changes. The results indicate that most of the reorganization can be explained classically by a transition from a hydrophilic cavity with a well-ordered first solvation shell (hydrogens pointing toward I−) to an expanded cavity around I0 with a more random orientation of the H2O molecules in a broadened first solvation shell.
Reduced Satb1 expression predisposes CD4+T conventional cells to Treg suppression and promotes transplant survival
Authors: Gupta Pawan K. , Allocco Jennifer B. , Fraipont Jane M. , McKeague Michelle L. , Wang Peter , Andrade Michael S. , McIntosh Christine , Chen Luqiu , Wang Ying , Li Yan , Andrade Jorge , Conejo-Garcia José R. , Chong Anita S. , Alegre Maria-Luisa 
Published: September 2022

Limiting CD4+T cell responses is important to prevent solid organ transplant rejection. In a mouse model of costimulation blockade-dependent cardiac allograft tolerance, we previously reported that alloreactive CD4+conventional T cells (Tconvs) develop dysfunction, losing proliferative capacity. In parallel, induction of transplantation tolerance is dependent on the presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Whether susceptibility of CD4+Tconvs to Treg suppression is modulated during tolerance induction is unknown. We found that alloreactive Tconvs from transplant tolerant mice had augmented sensitivity to Treg suppression when compared with memory T cells from rejector mice and expressed a transcriptional profile distinct from these memory T cells, including down-regulated expression of the transcription factor Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (Satb1). Mechanistically, Satb1 deficiency in CD4+T cells limited their expression of CD25 and IL-2, and addition of Tregs, which express higher levels of CD25 than Satb1-deficient Tconvs and successfully competed for IL-2, resulted in greater suppression of Satb1-deficient than wild-type Tconvs in vitro. In vivo, Satb1-deficient Tconvs were more susceptible to Treg suppression, resulting in significantly prolonged skin allograft survival. Overall, our study reveals that transplantation tolerance is associated with Tconvs’ susceptibility to Treg suppression, via modulated expression of Tconv-intrinsic Satb1. Targeting Satb1 in the context of Treg-sparing immunosuppressive therapies might be exploited to improve transplant outcomes.
Killing tensors in Koutras–Mcintosh spacetimes
Authors: Kruglikov Boris , Steneker Wijnand 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Koutras–McIntosh family of metrics include conformally flat pp-waves and the Wils metric. It appeared in a paper of 1996 by Koutras–McIntosh as an example of a pure radiation spacetime without scalar curvature invariants or infinitesimal symmetries. Here we demonstrate that these metrics have no ‘hidden symmetries’, by which we mean Killing tensors of low degrees. For the particular case of Wils metrics we show the nonexistence of Killing tensors up to degree 6. The technique we use is the geometric theory of overdetermined PDEs and the Cartan prolongation–projection method. Application of those allows to prove the nonexistence of polynomial in momenta integrals for the equation of geodesics in a mathematical rigorous way. Using the same technique we can completely classify all lower degree Killing tensors and, in particular, prove that for generic conformally flat pp-waves all Killing tensors of degree 3 and 4 are reducible.
In-band Radar Cross Section reduction for electromagnetic window by simultaneously enhancing transmission and coding reflection
Authors: Li Tiefu , Li Songyan , Wang Jiafu , Xia Song , Li Lei , Chu Zuntian , Yan Mingbao , Qu Shaobo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For electromagnetic windows (EWs), although the in-band transmission is satisfactory, reflection always exists at interfaces, which leads to considerable in-band RCS, especially for large-size EWs. The conventional manner of reducing the in-band RCS is focused on enhancing transmission, which is always limited by the unavoidable impedance mismatch at interfaces. To overcome this limit, in this paper, we propose to reduce the in-band RCS of EWs by simultaneously enhancing transmission and coding reflection using dimer metasurfaces. The dimer structure is composed of two unidentical meta-atoms patterned on the front and back surfaces of the EW, respectively, which can enhance the transmission in the band of interest. More importantly, when the dimer structure is flipped, the transmission is unaffected due to reciprocity, whereas the reflection will be different. Therefore, by coding the reflection phase, the in-band backward reflection can be further reduced due to scattering cancellation. Proof-of-principle prototypes were designed, fabricated and measured to verify this strategy. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, which proves the feasibility of this strategy. This work provides an alternative way of reducing the in-band RCS of EWs and may find practical applications in radomes, lenses and other areas.
Comparative studies on superconductivity in Cr3Ru compounds with bcc and A15 structures
Authors: Zhu Zhengyan , Zhang Ying-Jie , Li Yiwen , Li Qing , Duan Wen , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a transition metal element with 3d orbital electrons. In most compounds containing Cr, due to the correlation effect, twofold features, namely localization and itinerancy are expected. The localization gives rise to a magnetic moment, while the latter exhibits as the effective coherent weight for conductivity. Here we report the physical properties of Cr3Ru compounds with body-centered cubic (bcc) and A15 structures by using multiple experimental tools. The resistivity measurements show sharp superconducting transitions at

T

c

= 2.77 K and

T

c

= 3.37 K for the bcc and A15 structures, respectively. A high residual resistivity exists in both phases. Magnetization measurements also show rather narrow superconducting transitions, with a clear hump feature in the intermediate temperature region (about 150 K), which may be ascribed to the remaining antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. A pronounced second peak effect has been observed in magnetization hysteresis loops in the superconducting state only for samples with bcc structure. The specific heat coefficient reveals a clear jump at critical temperatures (

T

c

). We find that s-wave gaps can be adopted to fit the low temperature specific heat data of both samples yielding ratios of

2
Δ

/

k

B

T

c

about 3.6, indicating a moderate pairing strength. Interestingly, the Wilson ratios

R

W

=
A

χ

0

/

γ
n

are 3.81 and 3.62 for the bcc and A15 phases, suggesting a moderate correlation effect of conducting electrons in the normal state. Besides, for samples with A15 structure, another specific heat anomaly occurs at about 0.85 K and is sensitive to magnetic fields. In addition, by applying high pressures, both systems will exhibit an enhancement of

T

c

with a rate of about 0.019 K GPa−1 and 0.013 K GPa−1 for the bcc and A15 phases, respectively. Our combinatory results point to unusual behavior of both superconducting and normal states in these two Cr based alloys.
Calibration-free pH long-time measurement method based on electrode potential drift dynamic compensation-applying self-adaptive dynamic optimization exponential smoothing method
Authors: Zhao Xueliang , Chen Ying , Xu Chongxuan , Wei Guanghua , Yuan Aijun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The long-term in-situ accurate measurement of pH value is an urgent need for environmental water quality monitoring without calibration of pH electrodes. The nonlinearity and potential drift of pH electrode is the main problem which restricts long-term continuous monitoring. The characteristic rules including electrode potential, zero value, electrode slope coefficient, and electrode potential drift for pH electrode are analyzed in detail under the condition of long-term continuous use. The exponential smoothing potential drift prediction model with self-adaptive dynamic optimization smoothing order and smoothing coefficient is established. Combining electrode potential drift threshold judgment and Nernst equation, calibration-free dynamic calculation mathematical model of pH long-term monitoring is established. Indoor simulation and field test indicate that the measurement absolute error caused by electrode drift is within 0.01 pH and the specified measurement error for pH monitoring instrument is always within 0.1 pH. The proposed method is very suitable for the terminal of pH detector with the advantages of good portability for the MCU chip, small samples, high-precision and fast running speed. Furthermore, the life of pH electrode can be prolonged significantly. It is also proved that the proposed method has a good application prospect.
Prognosis of rotor parts fly-off based on cascade classification and online prediction ability index
Authors: Shen Yingjun , Song Zhe , Kusiak Andrew , Zhan Zhiyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Large rotating machines are critical equipment in many process industries, such as energy, chemical, and power generation. Due to high rotating speed and tremendous momentum of the rotor, the centrifugal force may lead to flying apart of the rotor parts, which brings a great threat to the operation safety. Early detection and prediction of potential failures could prevent catastrophic plant downtime and economic loss. In this paper, we divide the operational states of a rotating machine into normal, risky, and high-risk ones based on the time to the moment of failure. Then, a cascade classification algorithm is proposed to predict the states in two steps; first, we determine whether the machine is in normal or abnormal condition; for time periods predicted as abnormal, we further classify them into risky or high-risk state. Moreover, traditional classification model evaluation metrics, such as confusion matrix and true–false accuracy, are static and neglect online prediction dynamics and uneven error-prediction prices. An online prediction ability index is proposed to select prediction models with consistent online predictions and smaller close-to-downtime prediction errors. Real-world data and computational experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An indirect flow measurement based high-precision slide valve grinding mechanism for hydraulic servo valve
Authors: Fan Zeming , Fan Jing , Yu Xiaojun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As a crucial power amplifying component for electro-hydraulic servo valves, the servo-valve spool valve largely determines the overall performance of an electro-hydraulic servo system. Due to the machining errors during the servo-valve manufacturing process, however, it is extremely difficult to characterize such response characteristics in engineering practice, and thus, there may exist certain nonlinearity between the flow rate and valve spool displacement caused by the spool and valve sleeve overlap. To accurately characterize the relationship between the flow rate and spool displacement to facilitate servo-valve production, an indirect flow measurement-based servo-valve spool valve grinding (FM-SVG) scheme is proposed in this study. Specifically, a valve spool overlap measurement mechanism is presented first based on the valve spool grinding principle, and then a data processing method is devised to eliminate the errors introduced by the fluctuations of differential pressure at the valve ports. Meanwhile, a closed-loop control system is also devised to maintain a constant differential pressure at the servo-valve ports. Finally, the FM-SVG scheme is embedded onto a lab-customized electro-hydraulic servo valve platform, and experiments are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the FM-SVG scheme. Results show that, by utilizing the devised control scheme to maintain a differential pressure around 2.00 MP, the proposed grinding scheme helps achieve a grinding accuracy of 2.0 μm. With only grinding process needed, such a grinding scheme helps improve both grinding accuracy and production efficiency in practice.
First-principles study of O-functionalized two-dimensional AsP monolayers: electronic structure, mechanical, piezoelectric, and optical properties
Authors: Zhao Jun , Jin Xuehu , Yao Can , Zeng Hui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using density functional theory, we investigated the geometrical properties, electronic structures, carrier mobilities, piezoelectric coefficients, and optical absorption behaviors of three O-functionalized β-phase AsP structures (b-AsPO-FO, b-AsPO-As-SO and b-AsPO-P-SO). It is shown that three O-functionalized monolayers are all indirect semiconductors with bandgaps of 0.21, 0.67, and 0.80 eV, respectively. Our calculations demonstrated that the pristine AsP monolayer and these O-functionalized AsP monolayers have strongly anisotropic carrier mobilities, allowing their potential applications for in-plane anisotropic electronic device. The bandgaps of three functionalized nanomaterials exhibit non-monotonic variations under the biaxial strains changing from −0.10 to +0.10, all experiencing metal-indirect bandgap-direct bandgap transition. The calculated in-plane Young’s modulus results suggest that they are fairly flexible to allow the application of large elastic strains on the chemically functionalized AsP monolayers. Furthermore, the b-AsPO-FO monolayer exhibits excellent anisotropic light-harvesting behavior (absorption peak: 2.36 and 2.76 eV along x and 2.37 eV along y direction) in visible light region. The b-AsPO-As-SO and b-AsPO-P-SO monolayers have strong absorption peak at 2.60 eV and 2.87 eV, respectively. The tunable electronic structures, anisotropic carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption properties may facilitate practical applications of O-functionalized b-AsP monolayers in nanoelectronics and photovoltaics.
Periodic solutions of two-dimensional wave equations with x-dependent coefficients and Sturm–Liouville boundary conditions
Authors: Ji Shuguan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper considers the periodic solutions of a two-dimensional nonlinear wave equation with x-dependent coefficients

v

(

x

)

y

t
t

−

(

v

(

x

)

y

x

1

)

x

1

−

(

v

(

x

)

y

x

2

)

x

2

+
β
y
+
g

(

y

)

=
f

(

x
,
t

)

,

subject to the Sturm–Liouville boundary conditions

a

11

y

(

0
,

x

2

,
t

)

−

b

11

y

x

1

(

0
,

x

2

,
t

)

=
0
,

a

12

y

(

π
,

x

2

,
t

)

+

b

12

y

x

1

(

π
,

x

2

,
t

)

=
0
,

a

21

y

(

x

1

,
0
,
t

)

−

b

21

y

x

2

(

x

1

,
0
,
t

)

=
0
,

a

22

y

(

x

1

,
π
,
t

)

+

b

22

y

x

2

(

x

1

,
π
,
t

)

=
0
,

where x = (x
1, x
2) ∈ (0, π) × (0, π),

t
∈
R

and

a

i
j

2

+

b

i
j

2

≠
0

for i, j = 1, 2. Such a model arises from the forced vibrations of a nonhomogeneous membrane and the propagation of waves in nonhomogeneous media. By using the duality principles of Brézis (1983 Bull. Am. Math. Soc.
8 409–26), we first set up the theoretical framework and give an abstract theorem for the existence of periodic solution. Then, by analysing the spectral asymptotic behaviours of the weighted Sturm–Liouville problem and classifying the boundary conditions, we obtain the fundamental properties of the variable coefficients wave operator under appropriate assumptions for different class of boundary conditions. Finally, based on these properties and with the help of the abstract theorem, we establish some results on the existence and regularity of periodic solutions. To the best of our knowledge, the results are entirely new, and this is the first time to obtain such results for the two-dimensional nonlinear wave equation with x-dependent coefficients.
Energy conservation in the limit of filtered solutions for the 2D Euler equations
Authors: Gotoda Takeshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We consider energy conservation in a two-dimensional incompressible and inviscid flow through weak solutions of the filtered-Euler equations, which describe a regularized Euler flow based on a spatial filtering. We show that the energy dissipation rate for the filtered weak solution with vorticity in L

p
, p > 3/2 converges to zero in the limit of the filter parameter. Although the energy defined in the whole space is not finite in general, we formally extract a time-dependent part, which is well-defined for filtered solutions, from the energy and define the energy dissipation rate as its time-derivative. Moreover, the limit of the filtered weak solution is a weak solution of the Euler equations and it satisfies a local energy balance in the sense of distributions. For the case of p = 3/2, we find the same result as p > 3/2 by assuming Onsager’s critical condition for the family of the filtered solutions.
On families of constrictions in model of overdamped Josephson junction and Painlevé 3 equation*
Authors: Bibilo Y , Glutsyuk A A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The tunnelling effect predicted by Josephson (Nobel Prize, 1973) concerns the Josephson junction: two superconductors separated by a narrow dielectric. It states existence of a supercurrent through it and equations governing it. The overdamped Josephson junction is modelled by a family of differential equations on two-torus depending on three parameters: B (abscissa), A (ordinate), ω (frequency). We study its rotation number
ρ(B, A; ω) as a function of (B, A) with fixed ω. The phase-lock areas are the level sets L

r
≔ {ρ = r} with non-empty interiors; they exist for

r
∈
Z

(Buchstaber, Karpov, Tertychnyi). Each L

r
is an infinite chain of domains going vertically to infinity and separated by points. Those separating points for which A ≠ 0 are called constrictions. We show that: (1) all the constrictions in
L

r

lie on the axis {B = ωr}; (2) each constriction is positive: this means that some its punctured neighbourhood on the axis {B = ωr} lies in Int(L

r
). These results confirm experiments by physicists (1970ths) and two mathematical conjectures. We first prove deformability of each constriction to another one, with arbitrarily small ω and the same

ℓ
≔

B

ω

, using equivalent description of model by linear systems of differential equations on

C

¯

(Buchstaber, Karpov, Tertychnyi) and studying their isomonodromic deformations described by Painlevé 3 equations. Then non-existence of ghost constrictions (i.e., constrictions either with

ρ
≠
ℓ
=

B

ω

, or of non-positive type) with a given ℓ for small ω is proved by slow-fast methods.