bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pel polysaccharide is predominantly composed of a dimeric repeat of α-1,4 linked galactosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine
Authors: Le Mauff François , Razvi Erum , Reichhardt Courtney , Sivarajah Piyanka , Parsek Matthew R. , Howell P. Lynne , Sheppard Donald C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe genetic capacity to synthesize the biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Pel is widespread among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, its exact chemical structure has been challenging to determine. Using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain engineered to overproduce Pel, improvements to the isolation procedure, and selective hydrolysis with the glycoside hydrolase PelAh, we demonstrate that Pel is a partially de-N-acetylated linear polymer of α-1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine comprised predominantly of dimeric repeats of galactosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine.
Two‐layer model of siting and sizing for active power filters and static var generators considering reactive power capability and active power curtailment of DGs
Authors: Tian Shuya , Jia Qingquan , Xue Shiwei , Shi Liang , Lv Changhao , Bu Lingyan , Zhou Wen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo solve the voltage harmonics and voltage deviation caused by highly penetrated distributed generations (DGs) and power electronic equipment in distribution networks, a two‐layer model of the allocation for the voltage detection active power filters (VDAPFs) and static var generators (SVGs) considering reactive power capability and active power curtailment of DG based on the distribution network partition is proposed in this study. First, the network partition based on the defined integrated voltage sensitivity is presented. Dominant nodes that are candidates of VDAPFs and SVGs are obtained based on the single and integrated sensitivity in all regions. Second, the voltage deviation mitigation regions of the DG grid‐connected inverters (GCINs) are determined considering the coupling between different GCINs. A curtailment method for DGs active power in and inter regions is proposed. On this basis, a two‐layer allocation model is designed. The siting and sizing of VDAPF and SVG are obtained in the upper layer by minimizing the total annual cost. In the lower layer, the power quality level is optimized in each operation scenario by the allocations provided in the upper layer. Finally, case studies on the IEEE 33‐bus and PG&E 69‐bus systems demonstrate that the proposed strategy is feasible and effective.
Accurate Einstein coefficients for electric dipole transitions in the first negative band of N2+
Authors: Ferchichi Olfa , Derbel Najoua , Alijah Alexander , Rousselot Philippe 
Published: May 2022

Context. The N2+ fluorescence spectrum of comet C/2016 R2 is modelled in a companion paper. That work relies on accurate Einstein coefficients for electric dipole transitions between the B2∑u+ and X2∑g+ electronic states of N2+.
Aims. These coefficients are provided in the present paper.
Methods. The potential energy curves and transition dipole moments were computed at a high level of ab initio theory and include relativistic corrections. Rovibrational wavefunctions were then obtained without assuming separability of vibrational and rotational motions.
Results. Vibrationally and rotationally resolved Einstein coefficients are presented in a convenient three-parameter functional form for three isotopologues. A possible explanation is given for the large variation in the experimental radiative lifetimes.
The detection of transiting exoplanets by Gaia
Authors: Panahi Aviad , Zucker Shay , Clementini Gisella , Audard Marc , Binnenfeld Avraham , Cusano Felice , Evans Dafydd Wyn , Gomel Roy , Holl Berry , Ilyin Ilya , de Fombelle Grégory Jevardat , Mazeh Tsevi , Mowlavi Nami , Nienartowicz Krzysztof , Rimoldini Lorenzo , Shahaf Sahar , Eyer Laurent 
Published: May 2022

Context. The space telescope Gaia is mainly dedicated to performing high-precision astrometry but is also used to perform spectroscopy and epoch photometry, which can be used to study various types of photometric variability. One such variability type is exoplanetary transits. The photometric data accumulated so far have finally matured enough to allow the detection of some exoplanets.
Aims. In order to fully exploit the scientific potential of Gaia, we search its photometric data for the signatures of exoplanetary transits.
Methods. The search relies on a version of the box-fitting least-squares method, applied to a set of stars prioritized by machine-learning classification methods. An independent photometric validation was obtained using the public full-frame images of TESS. In order to validate the first two candidates, radial-velocity follow-up observations were performed using the spectrograph PEPSI of the Large Binocular Telescope.
Results. The radial-velocity measurements confirm that two of the candidates are indeed hot Jupiters. Thus, they are the first exoplanets detected by Gaia: Gaia-1b and Gaia-2b.
Conclusions. Gaia-1b and Gaia-2b demonstrate that the approach presented in this paper is indeed effective. This approach will be used to assemble a set of additional exoplanet candidates, to be released in the third Gaia data release, ensuring better fulfillment of the exoplanet detection potential of Gaia.
Using a blind EC mechanism for modelling the interaction between binaural and temporal speech processing
Authors: Rӧttges Saskia , Hauth Christopher F. , Rennies Jan , Brand Thomas 
Published: May 2022

We reanalyzed a study that investigated binaural and temporal integration of speech reflections with different amplitudes, delays, and interaural phase differences. We used a blind binaural speech intelligibility model (bBSIM), applying an equalization-cancellation process for modeling binaural release from masking. bBSIM is blind, as it requires only the mixed binaural speech and noise signals and no auxiliary information about the listening conditions. bBSIM was combined with two non-blind back-ends: The speech intelligibility index (SII) and the speech transmission index (STI) resulting in hybrid-models. Furthermore, bBSIM was combined with the non-intrusive short-time objective intelligibility (NI-STOI) resulting in a fully blind model. The fully non-blind reference model used in the previous study achieved the best prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.91 and RMSE = 1 dB). The fully blind model yielded a coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.87) similar to that of the reference model but also the highest root mean square error of the models tested in this study (RMSE = 4.4 dB). By adjusting the binaural processing errors of bBSIM as done in the reference model, the RMSE could be decreased to 1.9 dB. Furthermore, in this study, the dynamic range of the SII had to be adjusted to predict the low SRTs of the speech material used.
Staged revision still works for chronic and deep infection of total elbow arthroplasty?
Authors: Kwak Jae-Man , So Sang-Pil , Jeon In-Ho 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Infected total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is challenging. We evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes for chronic and deep infection of TEA with two-stage revision surgery. Methods: A total of 10 elbows were included in the study. The mean age was 69.1 ± 15 years (range, 34–83 years). The mean follow-up was 62 (range, 24–108) months. The clinical outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM) arc, and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS). Moreover, radiographic outcomes, time to revision, pathogenic bacteria, preoperative complications, and disease period were evaluated. Results: Mean preoperative VAS score of 6.1 had improved to 3.3. Mean preoperative ROM was 68° (flexion-extension), which improved to 86.7°. Mean preoperative MEPS was 46 (range, 0–70), which improved to 75.5 (range, 35–85). The mean disease duration was 8.4 months (range, 5–20 months). The most common causative organism was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The second revision rate was 80% at the final follow-up. Radiographic outcome at final follow-up showed that 3 (30%) of 10 patients exhibited radiolucency evidence around the components. Three patients showed nonprogressive radiolucency around the implant interfaces without other indications of infection at the most recent follow-up. Conclusion: In patients with chronic and deep infection of TEA, two-stage revision can be an affordable option for eradication of the infection, relieving pain, and restoring joint function. However, the high second revision rate owing to bone and soft-tissue deficits remains a critical issue.
Level of evidence: Level IV, Case series, Treatment study
Diagnostik und Therapie des kutanen Lupus erythematodes –
Aktuelles aus der S2k-Leitlinie
Authors: Worm Margitta 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Therapiemanagement des CLE richtet sich nach der Ausbreitung und dem
Schweregrad der Manifestation(en) einschließlich präventiver
Maßnahmen (Lichtschutz). Bei ausgedehnten bzw. Läsionen, die
nicht ausreichend auf topische Kortikosteroide ansprechen, sollte
frühzeitig eine Systemtherapie mit Hydroxychloroquin eingeleitet werden.
Sollte diese Therapie nicht ausreichend wirksam sein, können weitere
Medikamente, wie MTX oder Acitretin in das Management aufgenommen werden. Bei
sehr schweren Verläufen können intravenöse
Immunglobuline aber auch neue Biologika, wie Belimumab zum Einsatz kommen. Ein
Übergang eines CLE in einen SLE ist bei einem nicht geringen Anteil der
Patienten möglich und sollte im Verlauf auch unter Einbezug von
paraklinischen Befunden berücksichtigt werden.
Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Scoping Review of Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Chopannejad Sara , Sadoughi Farahnaz , Bagherzadeh Rafat , Shekarchi Sakineh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground Acute coronary syndrome is the topmost cause of death worldwide; therefore, it is necessary to predict major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular deaths in patients with acute coronary syndrome to make correct and timely clinical decisions.Objective The current review aimed to highlight algorithms and important predictor variables through examining those studies which used machine learning algorithms for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods To predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome, the preferred reporting items for scoping reviews guidelines were used. In doing so, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer, and IEEE Xplore databases were searched for articles published between 2005 and 2021. The checklist “Quality assessment of machine learning studies” was used to assess the quality of eligible studies. The findings of the studies are presented in the form of a narrative synthesis of evidence.Results In total, among 2,558 retrieved articles, 22 studies were qualified for analysis. Major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality were predicted in 5 and 17 studies, respectively. According to the results, 14 (63.64%) studies did not perform external validation and only used registry data. The algorithms used in this study comprised, inter alia, Regression Logistic, Random Forest, Boosting Ensemble, Non-Boosting Ensemble, Decision Trees, and Naive Bayes. Multiple studies (N = 20) achieved a high area under the ROC curve between 0.8 and 0.99 in predicting mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. The predictor variables used in these studies were divided into demographic, clinical, and therapeutic features. However, no study reported the integration of machine learning model into clinical practice.Conclusion Machine learning algorithms rendered acceptable results to predict major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, these approaches have never been integrated into clinical practice. Further research is required to develop feasible and effective machine learning prediction models to measure their potentially important implications for optimizing the quality of care in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Identifying Gaps in Resuscitation Practices Across Level-IV Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Ali Noorjahan , Schierholz Elizabeth , Reed Danielle , Hightower Hannah , Johnson Beth A. , Gupta Ruby , Gray Megan , Ades Anne , Wetzel Elizabeth A. ,   on behalf of the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium Resuscitation Focus Group
Published: May 2022

Objectives This study aimed to describe resuscitation practices in level-IV neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and identify possible areas of improvement.
Study Design This study was a cross-sectional cohort survey and conducted at the Level-IV NICUs of Children's Hospital Neonatal Consortium (CHNC). The survey was developed with consensus from resuscitation and education experts in the CHNC and pilot tested. An electronic survey was sent to individual site sponsors to determine unit demographics, resuscitation team composition, and resuscitation-related clinical practices.
Results Of the sites surveyed, 33 of 34 sites responded. Unit average daily census ranged from less than 30 to greater than 100, with the majority (72%) of the sites between 30 and 75 patients. A designated code response team was utilized in 18% of NICUs, only 30% assigned roles before or during codes. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) was the exclusive algorithm used during codes in 61% of NICUs, and 34% used a combination of NRP and the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS). Most (81%) of the sites required neonatal attendings to maintain NRP training. A third of sites (36%) lacked protocols for high-acuity events. A code review process existed in 76% of participating NICUs, but only 9% of centers enter code data into a national database.
Conclusion There is variability among units regarding designated code team presence and composition, resuscitation algorithm, protocols for high-acuity events, and event review. These inconsistencies in resuscitation teams and practices provide an opportunity for standardization and, ultimately, improved resuscitation performance. Resources, education, and efforts could be directed to these areas to potentially impact future neonatal outcomes of the complex patients cared for in level-IV NICUs.
Key Points
Clinical Decision Support Stewardship: Best Practices and Techniques to Monitor and Improve Interruptive Alerts
Authors: Chaparro Juan D. , Beus Jonathan M. , Dziorny Adam C. , Hagedorn Philip A. , Hernandez Sean , Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Kirkendall Eric S. , McCoy Allison B. , Muthu Naveen , Orenstein Evan W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterruptive clinical decision support systems, both within and outside of electronic health records, are a resource that should be used sparingly and monitored closely. Excessive use of interruptive alerting can quickly lead to alert fatigue and decreased effectiveness and ignoring of alerts. In this review, we discuss the evidence for effective alert stewardship as well as practices and methods we have found useful to assess interruptive alert burden, reduce excessive firings, optimize alert effectiveness, and establish quality governance at our institutions. We also discuss the importance of a holistic view of the alerting ecosystem beyond the electronic health record.
Potent monoclonal antibody–mediated neutralization of a divergent Hendra virus variant
Authors: Wang Zhaoqian , Dang Ha V. , Amaya Moushimi , Xu Yan , Yin Randy , Yan Lianying , Hickey Andrew C. , Annand Edward J. , Horsburgh Bethany A. , Reid Peter A. , Smith Ina , Eden John-Sebastian , Xu Kai , Broder Christopher C. , Veesler David 
Published: May 2022

Significance
A new Hendra virus variant (HeV-g2) has been recently identified in two independent studies, increasing the concern of HeV spillover. Here, we show that HeV-g2 utilizes the same host receptor as HeV and that a panel of previously described HeV neutralizing antibodies cross-neutralizes HeV-g2 potently. Furthermore, we describe a monoclonal antibody (hAH1.3) neutralizing HeV and HeV-g2 and reveal its epitope using X-ray crystallography. We show that targeting four nonoverlapping epitopes on the HeV attachment protein simultaneously leads to potent HeV and HeV-g2 neutralization, supporting the development of a tetravalent monoclonal antibody cocktail. Collectively, our data provide a comprehensive assessment of available countermeasures against this newly described HeV-g2 variant and delineate multiple strategies for pandemic preparedness.
Polycomb-mediated genome architecture enables long-range spreading of H3K27 methylation
Authors: Kraft Katerina , Yost Kathryn E. , Murphy Sedona E. , Magg Andreas , Long Yicheng , Corces M. Ryan , Granja Jeffrey M. , Wittler Lars , Mundlos Stefan , Cech Thomas R. , Boettiger Alistair N. , Chang Howard Y. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The relationship between long-range Polycomb-associated chromatin contacts and the linear propagation of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) by Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is not well-characterized. Here, we nominate a role for developmental loci as genomic architectural elements that enable long-range spreading of H3K27me3. Polycomb-associated loops are disrupted upon loss of PRC2 binding and deletion of loop anchors results in alterations of H3K27me3 deposition and ectopic gene expression. These results suggest that Polycomb-mediated genome architecture is important for gene repression during embryonic development.
A set point in the selection of the αβTCR T cell repertoire imposed by pre-TCR signaling strength
Authors: Bovolenta Elena R. , García-Cuesta Eva M. , Horndler Lydia , Ponomarenko Julia , Schamel Wolfgang W. , Mellado Mario , Castro Mario , Abia David , van Santen Hisse M. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceThe ability of the T cell receptor (TCR) to convey signals of different intensity is essential for the generation of a diverse, protecting, and self-tolerant T cell repertoire. We provide evidence that pre-TCR signaling during the first stage of T cell differentiation, thought to only check for in-frame rearrangement of TCRβ gene segments, determines the degree of diversity in a signaling intensity–dependent manner and controls the diversity of the TCR repertoire available for subsequent thymic positive and negative selection. Pre-TCR signaling intensity is regulated by the transmembrane region of its associated CD3ζ chains, possibly by organizing pre-TCRs into nanoclusters. Our data provide insights into immune receptor signaling mechanisms and reveal an additional checkpoint of T cell repertoire diversity.
Nonlinear vectorial holography with quad-atom metasurfaces
Authors: Mao Ningbin , Zhang Guanqing , Tang Yutao , Li Yang , Hu Zixian , Zhang Xuecai , Li Kingfai , Cheah Kokwai , Li Guixin 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceVectorial optical holography, as a scheme to control the polarization distributions of light in the Fourier space, has been experimentally demonstrated in the linear optical regime. However, its nonlinear optical counterpart, which can generate the holographic images at different frequencies to that of the incident light, remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate nonlinear vectorial holography through the second harmonic generation process on a quad-atom plasmonic metasurface, which consists of gold meta-atoms with threefold rotational symmetry. The proposed metasurface platform may have important applications in vectorial polarization nonlinear optical source, high-capacity optical information storage, and optical encryption.
Effect of off-stoichiometric composition on half-metallic character of Co2Fe(Ga,Ge) investigated using saturation magnetization and giant magnetoresistance effect
Authors: Chikaso Yuki , Inoue Masaki , Tanimoto Tessei , Kikuchi Keita , Yamanouchi Michihiko , Uemura Tetsuya , Inubushi Kazuumi , Nakada Katsuyuki , Shinya Hikari , Shirai Masafumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigated the Ge-composition (γ) dependence of the saturation magnetization of Co2Fe(Ga, Ge) (CFGG) thin films and the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of CFGG-based current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) devices together with first-principles calculations of the electronic states of CFGG. Theoretical calculations showed that spin polarization is highest at the stoichiometric compositionγ= 0.56 in Co2Fe1.03Ga0.41Geγand that it decreases in off-stoichiometric CFGG, mainly due to the formation of CoFeantisites for Ge-deficient compositions and FeCoantisites for Ge-rich compositions, where CoFe(FeCo) indicates that Co (Fe) atoms replace the Fe (Co) sites. The saturation magnetic moment (μs) per formula unit decreased monotonically asγincreased from 0.24 to 1.54 in Co2Fe1.03Ga0.41Geγ. Theμswas closest to the Slater–Pauling value predicted for half-metallic CFGG at the stoichiometric compositionγ= 0.56, indicating that stoichiometric CFGG has a half-metallic nature. This is consistent with the result for the theoretical spin polarization. In contrast, the MR ratio of CFGG-based CPP-GMR devices increased monotonically asγincreased from 0.24 to 1.10 and reached an MR ratio of 87.9% at the Ge-rich compositionγ= 1.10. Then, the MR ratio decreased rapidly asγincreased from 1.10 to 1.48. Possible origins for the slight difference between the Ge composition at which the highest MR ratio was obtained (γ= 1.10) and that at which the highest spin polarization was obtained (γ= 0.56) are improved atomic arrangements in a Ge-rich CFGG film and the reduction of effective Ge composition due to Ge diffusion in the GMR stacks.
Investigation of the sulfonation mechanism by gas–liquid interfacial plasma under atmospheric pressure conditions
Authors: Deng Siqi , Takeuchi Nozomi , Hieda Junko , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Tachibana Kosuke , Li Oi Lun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although sulfonated carbon catalysts are considered promising solid acid catalysts for cellulose conversion, most carbon sulfonation processes require concentrated sulfuric acid (18 M) at elevated temperatures. This work investigates a novel sulfonation mechanism for carbon acid catalysts via a gas–liquid interfacial plasma sulfonation system under atmospheric pressure conditions with a dilute sulfuric acid solution (1 M) at 38 °C, and the by-products of the plasma sulfonation process were investigated by in-situ and ex-situ diagnosis. The results show that a high gas temperature (>1050 K) around the plasma allows H2SO4 droplet decomposition, and active species (•OH, SO3, and HOSO2•) generated at the gas–liquid interface were grafted on the defects of the carbon materials and subsequently formed sulfonic acid groups (0.36 mmol g−1) and total acid groups (4.16 mmol g−1) on the carbon network. This study aimed to provide significant insight into the understanding of the sulfonation mechanisms of an emerging plasma-based process for carbon acid catalysts, which is important for the further development of an environmentally friendly sulfonation process for acid catalysts for biomass conversion.
Optical parametric amplifier pulse cleaning driven by aperiodic frequency converter
Authors: Refaeli Zaharit , Marcus Gilad , Suchowski Haim , Shamir Yariv 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate temporal shape improvement of a short laser pulse using chirped aperiodic nonlinear frequency converter within an optical parametric amplifier. The aperiodic converter generated walk-off free high spatial quality pulse with ∼40% efficiency second harmonic while preserving the pump bandwidth. A <300 fs idler pulse was generated, with ∼10 nm central wavelength tunability around 1053 nm by pump generation and phase matching control. A pronounced contrast pedestal suppression of up to 40 dB was observed within a few picoseconds range around the peak. Such pedestal suppression has good scalability potential to high energies.