bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Residual Based Adaptive Image Sharpening Scheme
Authors: Lu Rong-Hui , Chen Tzong-Jer 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The sharpening is a scheme applied to highlight the intensity transitions in an image. This enhancement increases edge acutance and significantly improves the overall sharpness of processed images. Image sharpening is of enormous importance in medicine for diagnosis. Noise overshoot and over-sharpening effects occur in classical sharpening algorithms. The adaptive approach skips the noise producing a better sharpening scheme. Abrupt pixel value changes, if adequately emphasized, can be utilized effectively in the sharpening process. Since the residual image contains noise and edges, the bigger the filter size the greater the number of edges left in the residual image. Two residual images are produced first with different filter sizes. There is a relationship between these two residuals. A simple regression and standard deviation (±σ) is measured using these residuals. This linear equation is an expectation and the standard deviation is the difference between two residuals. One deviation (±σ) is proposed as the threshold. The points contained edges if the residual value is measured using a larger sized filter off ± σ than those residual using a smaller sized filter. A sensitive filter is adaptively applied to the image on those locations. It has been demonstrated that the proposed approach yields better results than the global filter as well as previous work on the P calculation results. A sharpening scheme without latent image noise amplification is useful for pattern recognition and machine-learning. In the future this scheme will be used to pre-process image segmentation.
Transition-metal Free C-N Bond Formation from Alkyl Iodide via Halogen-atom Transfer (XAT): Dual Roles of Diazonium Salts
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jiang Ming , Wang Changsheng , Guo Kai , Ni Shao-Fei , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zong Yan , Lu Hua , shao xinxin , Xu Li-Wen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The precise and effective construction of challenging C-N bond continues to be one part of the most significant goals in organic chemistry because of the universal applications of amines containing C-N bonds in pharmaceuticals, materials as well as agrochemicals. However, E2 elimination through classic SN2 substitution of alkyl halides with nitrogen nucleophiles often occurs and alkenes are generated as the major side-products especially when secondary or tertiary substrates are employed. Thus, formation of a challenging C(sp3)-N bond especially on tertiary carbon center remains highly desirable. Herein, we present a practically alternative approach to prepare primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl amines with high efficiency between alkyl iodides and electrophilic diazonium salts which are easily accessible and widely utilized in synthetic chemistry. This robust transformation only employs Cs2CO3 as the base promoting the halogen-atom transfer (XAT) process under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, thus providing a rapid and green method to assemble diverse C(sp3)-N bonds. And also, the reaction can be achieved by continuous-flow technology in large scare with Et3N was employed as organic base. Moreover, diazonium salts are found to serve as two important roles (alkyl radical initiator and amination reagent) in this process which was rarely explored in the previous radical reactions. Initial mechanism studies suggest this reaction undergoes through a halogen-atom transfer (XAT) between alkyl iodides and diazonium salts, resulting in the generation of the active alkyl radical which can couple well with diazonium cations to furnish the final products.
Nutrients' supplementation impacts on alcholoic fermentation of corn and sugarcane mixed wort
Authors: Silva Nathalia Dias , Alvim Mariana Resende , Rosario Carlos Gonzalo Alvarez , Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano , Baltazar Marcela dos Passos Galluzzi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Corn and sugarcane account for the world's most used feedstocks for ethanol production. Although, a single fermentation line integrating both of these raw materials still require further investigations. Some studies suggest that nutrient deficiency or excess influences the yeast metabolism to convert sugar into ethanol. In that regard, this work aims to explore the nutrients’ supplementation impacts on alcoholic fermentation of corn and sugarcane mixed wort.
Results
Corn hydrolysate and sugarcane syrup presented a Carbon/Nitrogen ratio above the recommended levels for ethanol production, 229.2 C:N ratio and 322.7 C:N ratio, respectively. The nutrients with the highest impact on alcoholic fermentation were determined using one-way ANOVA and Tukey statistical test. Thus, Nitrogen was the nutrient with the highest positive impact on yeast specific growth rate (49%), technological yield (35%) and productivity (32%). Organic acids ranged from 0.2–1.4 g.L− 1, glycerol was between 4–8 g.L− 1 and mannitol was under 0.05 g.L− 1. All were under the estimated ranges for alcoholic fermentation.
Conclusions
Among the nutrients studied, Manganese, Potassium and Nitrogen were the nutrients which significantly impacted the fermentative parameters for ethanol production. Although both feedstocks were poor in Nitrogen for alcoholic fermentations, Nitrogen concentration supplied (2,970mg/L) was enough to promote the yeast consumption of all total reducing sugars presented in the mixed wort. As a result, Nitrogen was the only nutrient which increased both yeast specific growth rate and ethanol production. Nevertheless, further studies should investigate an optimal Nitrogen concentration in order to decrease the glycerol and drive the yeast metabolism, preferentially, for ethanol rather than biomass production.
Prospective study of thyroid functions in children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ansari Qudsiya , Ohri Alpana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nephro-endocrine association has been known for a long time. The kidney contributes to clearance of iodine primarily by glomerular filtration. As iodine excretion is diminished in advanced renal failure, leading to an elevated plasma inorganic iodide concentration and initial increment in throidal iodide uptake. Increased total body iodide can potentially block thyroid hormone production by affecting the pituitary-thyroid axis and peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone .So, thyroid dysfunction is commonly seen endocrine abnormality among CKD patients. A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted with 66 children to assess the prevalence of abnormal thyroid functions in children with chronic kidney disease and to correlate abnormal thyroid functions with different etiologies of chronic kidney disease and different stages of chronic kidney disease. It has been shown that in CKD, as the GFR falls there is a higher possibility of developing clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Integrated Analysis of miRNAs and mRNA Profiling Reveals the Potential Role of miRNAs in Sheep Hair Follicle Development
Authors: He Junmin , Huang Xixia , Zhao Bingru , Liu Guifen , Tian Yuezhen , Zhang Guoping , Wei Chen , Mao Jingyi , Tian Kechuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Merino sheep have high wool production and excellent wool quality. The fleece of the Merino sheep is composed predominantly of wool fibers grown from hair follicles (HFs). The hair follicle is a complex biological system involved in a dynamic process governed by gene regulation. However, gene expression is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA inhibits posttranscriptional gene expression by specifically binding to target messenger RNA (mRNA) and plays an important role in regulating gene expression, the cell cycle and biological development sequences. The purpose of this study was to bind to mRNA via miRNA to identify key miRNAs and target genes related to hair follicle development. This will provide new and important insights into fundamental mechanisms that regulate cellular activity and cell fate decisions inside and outside of the skin.
Results
We analyzed miRNA data in skin tissues of 18 Merino sheep at four embryonic days (E65, E85, E105 and E135) and two postnatal days (D7 and D30) and identified 87 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs). These six stages were further divided into two types of developmental stages based on heatmap cluster analysis, and the results showed that DE-mRNAs in Stage A were closely related to hair follicle morphogenesis. Co-analysis of Stage A DE-mRNAs and DE-miRNAs found that 9 DE-miRNAs and 17 DE-mRNAs have targeting relationships in Stage A. In our study, we found that miR-23b and miR-133 could target and regulate ACVR1B and WNT10A. In dermal fibroblasts, overexpression of miR-133 significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of ACVR1B. Overexpression of miR-23b significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of WNT10A.
Conclusion
This study provides a new reference for the molecular basis of HF development and lays a foundation for further improving sheep HF breeding. miRNAs and target genes related to hair follicular development were found, which provided a theoretical basis for molecular breeding for the culture of fine wool sheep.
Real Emotion Seeker: Recalibrating Annotation for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Lin Zehao , She Jiahui , Shen Qiu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a challenging classification task. Due to the subjectivity and ambiguity of performers and spectators, compound facial expression is hard to be represented by one-hot label. In this paper, a simple but efficient method, named Real Emotion Seeker (RES), is proposed to recalibrate the annotation of sample to latent expression distribution besides one-hot label. In particular, subjective implicit knowledge is transformed into posterior distribution which is specific to each FER dataset through Bayesian inference, thus enhancing universality and authenticity. The posterior distribution is then combined with one-hot label to form the recalibrated annotation as an additional supervision, guiding the prediction more realistic. Our proposed method is independent of the backbone network and can improve the accuracy significantly by an average of 3.16% with no burden for training and inference. Extensive experiments show that RES can obtain consistent prediction with human subjective intuition. Results on three in-the-wild datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves advanced results with 90.38% on RAF-DB, 90.34% on FERPlus and 62.63% on AffectNet.
CFD simulation of a small bubble motion in 3D flow domain: effect of liquid density, viscosity and surface tension
Authors: Crha Jakub , Basařová Pavlína , Ruzicka Marek C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The motion of small slightly deformed bubbles rising in stagnant liquids was numerically simulated in a fully three-dimensional domain using the commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) solver COMSOL Multiphysics. The interface was tracked by the built-in conservative Level set method on a fixed numerical grid. The purpose of this work was to validate the ability of the solver to calculate the single bubble motion in liquids, which differ in surface tension, dynamic viscosity, and density. Experimental data for three liquids and various initial bubble diameters (1–1.6mm) together with the recommended theoretical models were used for validation. Using a 3D domain, very good agreement was obtained both in bubble shape deformations and values of bubble terminal velocity. The best results were achieved for a liquid with low surface tension and low viscosity (1-propanol). In the case of high surface tension and low viscosity liquid (water) the solver underestimates bubble deformation and the bubble velocity. In case of glycerol (high surface tension and viscosity), the low bubble deformation is correctly calculated, but the velocity is underestimated.
YTHDF2-mediated Distinct m6A Regulations Bifurcate Ferroptosis and Apoptosis in BHPF-induced Developmental Defects
Authors: Hsu Chih-Hung , Lin Jiebo , Zhan Guankai , Liu Jinfeng  , Maimaitiyiming Yasen , Deng Zhiping , Li Baohua , Su Kunhui , Chen Jiafeng , Wang Lingfang , Zhang Jian , He Wentao , Chang Kao-Jung , Bjorklund Mikael , Xu Peng-Fei , Wang Fudi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a critical regulator of RNA fate, but whether and how m6A executes its functions in different tissues remain largely obscure. Here we report YTHDF2 downregulation leading to various forms of tissue-specific programmed cell deaths (PCDs) upon fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) exposure. Currently, bisphenol A (BPA) substitutes have been widely used in plastic manufacturing. Interrogating eight common BPA substitutes, we detected BHPF in 14% serum samples of pregnant women participants. In a zebrafish model, BHPF caused tissue-specific PCDs triggering cardiac and vascular developmental defects. Mechanistically, BHPF-mediated downregulation of YTHDF2 reduced YTHDF2-facilitated translation of m6A-gch1 for cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, and decreased YTHDF2-mediated m6A-sting1 decay for caudal vein plexus (CVP) apoptosis. Both YTHDF2-mediated distinct m6A regulations and context-dependent co-expression patterns of gch1/ythdf2 and tnfrsf1a/ythdf2 contributed to YTHDF2-mediated tissue-specific PCDs. Collectively, our findings demonstrate clear toxicity of BHPF during cardiovascular development via disrupting m6A/YTHDF2 regulatory axis and uncover a new layer of PCD regulation.
MAKO robotic arms assisted complete challenging total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Fu Kai , Zheng Liming , Lu Jun , Qin Jianghui , Chen Dongyang , Jiang Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether robotic-arm assisted TKA is more suitable in the challenging cases (valgus or varus deviation ≥ 15°).Methods: In total, 99 participants undergoing primary TKA from May 1st, 2021, to Sep 1st, 2021 were analyzed. According to the degree of knee deformity and surgical method, they were divided into 4 groups, including the challenging conventional TKA group (CCT group, n=23), challenging CT-based robotic-arm assisted TKA group (CCRAT group, n=26), regular conventional TKA group (RCT group, n=27), and regular CT-based robotic-arm assisted TKA group (RCRAT group, n=26). We compared the prosthesis location, perioperative bleeding, and 6-months follow-up clinical function to evaluate the surgical method comprehensively. Results: There was a significant improvement in the correction of mechanical axis and coronal tibial component location both in the RCRAT and CCRAT groups. Also, secondary analyses indicated better scores in OKS and HSS questionnaires at a 6-months follow-up and less intraoperative blood loss in CRAT groups. However, compared with CCT groups, CRAT brought more postoperative pain and bleeding, especially in the RCRAT group. Conclusion: The CRAT improved the spatial accuracy of the prosthesis and postoperative knee function, as well as decreasing intraoperative bleeding in TKA, especially in challenging TKA. We concluded that the CRAT should be strongly suggested in challenging situations.
Zero-Shot Object Detection with Partitioned Contrastive Feature Alignment
Authors: Li Haohe , Wang Chong , Yu Shenghao , Huo Zheng , Zheng Yujie , Dong Li , Wu Jiafei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
How to properly align the extracted visual features with certain semantic embeddings of unseen objects is crucial to the problem of Zero-Shot Object Detection (ZSD). To give a better guess of those unseen visual features, a partitioned contrast strategy is proposed in this paper to train the visual and attribute feature alignment networks. To be specific, four types of contrast are considered, including the visual-to-visual, visual-to-attribute, attribute-to-visual and attribute-to-attribute contrasts. Combining with two cross-batch memory banks of the visual features and unseen attribute features, it is effective to adjust the alignment rules for unseen visual features. Although the visual features of the unseen classes are missing during training, the common projection rules for visual and attribute features are learned by emphasizing the contrast involving unseen attribute features. Experimental results on the MS-COCO dataset show the superiority of the proposed model. Our code and models are publicly available at: https://github.com/lihh1023/PCFA-ZSD.
Frequency of Human Papilomavirus and associated factors in gypsy and quilombola women
Authors: Ross José de Ribamar , Marinelli Natália Pereira , Vidal Flavia Castello Branco , Fraga Elamary da Costa , Nascimento Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão , Safádi Marco Aurélio Palazzi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the general population is widely known, however, there are still few studies related to this infection in minority groups, Thus, the objective is to analyze the frequency of human papillomavirus and associated factors in quilombola and gypsy women. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 145 quilombola and gypsy women from Caxias, Maranhão. Two Pap smear collections were performed and a questionnaire with 46 questions was applied between January, 2020 and March, 2021. Descriptive analysis and Odds Ratio, with confidence interval of 95%. The research was approved by the ethics committee. Results: There were 09 cases of atypia. The frequency of human papillomavirus was 41.37%, with a higher risk in quilombolas 55(91.70%). Multiple infections were prevalent (53%) with high risk genotypes 21(35%). Types 16 and 18 together accounted for 42.85% of cases. Conclusions: The frequency of human papillomavirus infection was higher than those recorded in the Northeast and Brazil, and therefore type 16 predominated. Due to limitations, the virus lineages and sublineages were not evaluated. Quilombola women had a higher rate of infection than gypsies.
Neoclitoris location may affect sexual function in transgender women: a pelvic MRI study.
Authors: Vedovo Francesca , Pavan Nicola , Bertolotto M , Giangreco Manuela , Chiapparrone Gaetano , Ongaro Luca , Currò Francesca , Liguori Giovanni , Barbone Fabio , Trombetta Carlo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Natal women with anorgasmia possess a smaller clitoral glans and clitoral components farther from the vagina lumen than women with normal orgasmic function. There are no studies evaluating this correlation in operated transgender women. We evaluated whether differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of neoclitoris volume and distance between the neoclitoris and the neo-vagina were correlated with differences in sexual function. We recruited for a prospective survey study 40 operated male to female patients (oMtF) who had undergone gender affirming surgery (GAS), using two different techniques, the pubic neoclitoris technique (PNT) and the neourethroclitoroplasty according to Petrović (NCP), and postoperative pelvic MRI. Individual pelvic MRIs were reviewed by two blinded investigators, the three axes of the neoclitoris were measured and the volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula. The distance between the neoclitoris and the neovagina was also measured. Sexual functioning was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the operated Male to Female Sexual Function Index (oMtFSFI). Mean scores differences in FSFI, oMtFSFI were examined; associations with clitoral size, location, sexual functioning and demographical variables were investigated as well. The response rate was 55%, 11 oMtFs were operated with PNT and 11 with NCP. The PNT group presented a neo-clitoris mean volume of 1.04 cc vs 1.31 cc of the other group (p = 0.55). The mean distance between neo-clitoris and neovagina was 4.20 cm in the PNT group and 2.55 in the NCP group (p < 0.001). Patients who had undergone NCP achieved a higher FSFI and oMtFSFI mean Total Score than those operated with the previous used PNT (FSFI 25.8 vs 18.6 p = 0.08; oMtFSFI 23.36 vs 27.18 p > 0.20). According to pelvic MRI measurements, this study suggests a correlation between neoclitoris location and operated male to female sexual satisfaction.
Efforts at the beginning pay off: sowing grasses and forbs simultaneously supports restoration of species-rich grasslands and improves weed control in ex-arable land
Authors: Kiss Réka , Deák Balázs , Tóth Katalin , Lukács Katalin , Rádai Zoltán , Kelemen András , Miglécz Tamás , Tóth Ágnes , Godó Laura , Valkó Orsolya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Seed sowing is widely used for the restoration of species-rich grasslands but still there are knowledge gaps regarding the most suitable application of different seed mixtures. We tested the effect of seed mixtures application timing on the establishment of sown forbs and weed control. 36 experimental plots with nine sowing treatments were established in an abandoned cropland in Hungary. Grass-seeds, diverse forb seed mixture and the combination of the two were applied: diverse forb mixture was sown simultaneously or 1, 2 or 3 years after grass sowing, in plots sown previously with grass or in empty plots (fallows). All sowing treatments supported the rapid establishment of the sown species in large cover and hampered weed encroachment. Forbs performed better when sown into fallows than in grass-matrix and forbs establishment was worse in older fallows than in younger ones. Grasses expressed a strong priority effect, especially when forbs were sown at least two years later than grasses. We also investigated the relation between seed germinability, weather parameters and establishment success. Germination rate in the greenhouse could not predict the establishment success of forbs in the field and showed great differences between years, hence we recommend sowing target forbs in multiple years.
WITHDRAWN: Condition Monitoring of Metro Wheelsets Using Wayside Vibration and Acoustic Sensors
Authors: KILINC Onur , Vágner Jakub 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a suitable framework that can diagnose wheelset related faults on metro trains using acoustic and vibration based techniques on the wayside. Proposed condition monitoring system includes four main stages; data acquisition, signal segmentation via one period analysis, feature extraction; WPE – Wavelet Packet Energy, TDF – Time-Domain Features and LCP-K – Linear Configuration Pattern Kurtograms and classification with state-of-art classifiers; FLDA – Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Analysis, SVM-I – Support Vector Machine, Dec. Tree – Decision Tree and PERLC – Linear Perceptron in addition to classifier combination techniques. Throughout the study, two databases (A1-A2), each of which is consistent of measured vibration and acoustic signals belong to healthy and faulty cases of the wheelsets of Prague metros respectively, are created. Since the number observations of faulty cases are limited, features are generated with ADASYN – Adaptive Synthetic Sampling and larger vibration and acoustic databases (SA1-SA2) are created. Acquired results show that TDF with Dec. Tree algorithm is capable of detecting wheelset faults with a 100\% accuracy in A1 and novel LCP-K method outperforms both in A2 and SA2 acoustic databases up to 93\% success rate while WPE outperforms via combined classifier approach by reaching 100\% detection performance. The proposed framework is considered to be helpful to the maintenance specialists since it can provide cost-effective maintenance of wheelsets not only for metros but also for other types of railway vehicles with its outstanding performance.