bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic activation of cardiac Atg-5 and pancreatic Atg-7 by intermittent fasting alleviates acute myocardial infarction in old rats
Authors: El Agaty Sahar Mohamed , Nassef Noha A. , Abou-Bakr Doaa A. , Hanafy Aya A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Aging is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic changes, increasing the susceptibility to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Intermittent fasting (IF) has a beneficial effect on the age-associated cardiovascular diseases. The present study was planned to investigate the possible protective effect of IF against acute AMI induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in old rats and its possible underlying mechanisms mediated by heart and pancreatic autophagy. Thirty Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: adult; old; Old-ISO (rats subjected to AMI by ISO) and Old-F-ISO groups (rats were subjected to IF for 4 weeks and AMI by ISO).

Results
IF significantly increased the mRNA expression of cardiac Atg-5 and pancreatic Atg-7 in Old-F-ISO versus old and adult groups. This was associated with a significant decrease in serum troponin-I, serum creatine kinase (CK-MB), cardiac malondialdehyde and cardiac TNF-α, fasting plasma glucose, and HOMA-IR in Old-F-ISO compared to Old-ISO group. Also, IF significantly decreased the age-related overall and visceral obesity in Old-F-ISO versus old and Old-ISO groups. Histological studies revealed attenuation of the local inflammatory response in Old-F-ISO versus Old-ISO group. Pancreatic Atg-7 and heart Atg-5 were significantly increased in Old-ISO versus old rats.

Conclusions
IF protects against acute AMI in old rats, possibly, via chronic activation of heart Atg-5 and pancreatic Atg-7, and alleviation of age-related overall and visceral obesity. Thus, IF could be a dietary lifestyle modification for attenuation of the susceptibility to acute AMI in aged population. On the other hand, acute activation of heart and pancreatic autophagy by ISO might augment cardiac injury.
Collaboration networks of the implementation science centers for cancer control: a social network analysis
Authors: Jacob Rebekah R. , Korn Ariella R. , Huang Grace C. , Easterling Douglas , Gundersen Daniel A. , Ramanadhan Shoba , Vu Thuy , Angier Heather , Brownson Ross C. , Haire-Joshu Debra , Oh April Y. , Schnoll Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Multi-center research initiatives offer opportunities to develop and strengthen connections among researchers. These initiatives often have goals of increased scientific collaboration which can be examined using social network analysis.

Methods
The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control (ISC3) initiative conducted an online social network survey in its first year of funding (2020) to (1) establish baseline network measures including the extent of cross-center collaboration and (2) assess factors associated with a network member’s access to the network such as one’s implementation science (IS) expertise. Members of the seven funded centers and NCI program staff identified collaborations in planning/conducting research, capacity building, product development, scientific dissemination, and practice/policy dissemination.

Results
Of the 192 invitees, 182 network members completed the survey (95%). The most prevalent roles were faculty (60%) and research staff (24%). Almost one-quarter (23%) of members reported advanced expertise in IS, 42% intermediate, and 35% beginner. Most members were female (69%) and white (79%). One-third (33%) of collaboration ties were among members from different centers. Across all collaboration activities, the network had a density of 14%, suggesting moderate cohesion. Degree centralization (0.33) and betweenness centralization (0.07) measures suggest a fairly dispersed network (no single or few central member(s) holding all connections). The most prevalent and densely connected collaboration was in planning/conducting research (1470 ties; 8% density). Practice/policy dissemination had the fewest collaboration, lowest density (284 ties’ 3% density), and the largest number of non-connected members (n=43). Access to the ISC3 network varied significantly depending on members’ level of IS expertise, role within the network, and racial/ethnic background. Across all collaboration activities, most connected members included those with advanced IS expertise, faculty and NCI staff, and Hispanic or Latino and white members.

Conclusions
Results establish a baseline for assessing the growth of cross-center collaborations, highlighting specific areas in need of particular growth in network collaborations such as increasing engagement of racial and ethnic minorities and trainees or those with less expertise in IS.
Pentacam versus anterior segment OCT in measuring intended versus achieved ablation depth post-myopic LASIK correction
Authors: Khalil Hossam-Eldin Mohammed Ahmad , Abd-Elhafiz Khaled Abd-Elaziz , Ibrahim Abdulaziz Kamal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate quantitative measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) provide valuable, clinical information for preoperative assessment, surgical planning, and follow-up in myopic patients who have undergone LASIK correction. Typically, an ultrasound is used to measure such parameters. However, noncontact devices such as the Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomographer [AS-optical coherence tomography (OCT)] and Pentacam are becoming more popular to measure ocular parameters. It is important to assess the level of similarity between these two optical devices to compare between the intended and achieved ablation depth after LASIK procedures in cases of myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Methods
This cross-sectional, prospective study included 80 eyes of 40 patients attending Beni-Suef University Hospital between November 2018 and November 2019. All patients underwent LASIK surgery for the correction of myopia with or without myopic astigmatism with spherical equivalent ranging from − 1.5 to − 12 diopters.

Results
No statistically significant difference was observed between the intended ablation depth and the clinically measured ablation depth calculated by Pentacam and AS-OCT 3 months after surgery (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
When planning corneal refraction surgery, ablation depth readouts calculated by the computer software of the excimer laser used in this study are reliable. Both Pentacam and AS-OCT are accurate, sensitive, and specific in measuring the CCT and calculating ablation depth. Pentacam provides slightly higher accuracy and sensitivity compared with AS-OCT. LASIK is a safe, predictable, and effective procedure in the treatment of simple myopia and myopic astigmatism.
Generic model for biological regulation
Authors: Vihinen Mauno 
Published: April 2022

A substantial portion of molecules in an organism are involved in regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes. Several models have been presented for various forms of biological regulation, including gene expression regulation and physiological regulation; however, a generic model is missing. Recently a new unifying theory in biology, poikilosis, was presented. Poikilosis indicates that all systems display intrinsic heterogeneity, which is a normal state. The concept of poikilosis allowed development of a model for biological regulation applicable to all types of regulated systems. The perturbation-lagom-TATAR countermeasures-regulator (PLTR) model combines the effects of perturbation and lagom (allowed and sufficient extent of heterogeneity) in a system with tolerance, avoidance, repair, attenuation and resistance (TARAR) countermeasures, and possible regulators. There are three modes of regulation, two of which are lagom-related. In the first scenario, lagom is maintained, both intrinsic (passive) and active TARAR countermeasures can be involved. In the second mode, there is a shift from one lagom to another. In the third mode, reguland regulation, the regulated entity is the target of a regulatory shift, which is often irreversible or requires action of another regulator to return to original state. After the shift, the system enters to lagom maintenance mode, but at new lagom extent. The model is described and elaborated with examples and applications, including medicine and systems biology. Consequences of non-lagom extent of heterogeneity are introduced, along with a novel idea for therapy by reconstituting biological processes to lagom extent, even when the primary effect cannot be treated.
DSMZCellDive: Diving into high-throughput cell line data
Authors: Koblitz Julia , Dirks Wilhelm G. , Eberth Sonja , Nagel Stefan , Steenpass Laura , Pommerenke Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Human and animal cell lines serve as model systems in a wide range of life sciences such as cancer and infection research or drug screening. Reproducible data are highly dependent on authenticated, contaminant-free cell lines, no better delivered than by the official and certified biorepositories. Offering a web portal to high-throughput information on these model systems will facilitate working with and comparing to these references by data otherwise dispersed at different sources. We here provide DSMZCellDive to access a comprehensive data source on human and animal cell lines, freely available at celldive.dsmz.de. A wide variety of data sources are generated such as RNA-seq transcriptome data and STR (short tandem repeats) profiles. Several starting points ease entering the database via browsing, searching or visualising. This web tool is designed for further expansion on meta and high-throughput data to be generated in future. Explicated examples for the power of this novel tool include analysis of B-cell differentiation markers, homeo-oncogene expression, and measurement of genomic loss of heterozygosities by an enlarged STR panel of 17 loci. Sharing the data on cell lines by the biorepository itself will be of benefit to the scientific community since it (1) supports the selection of appropriate model cell lines, (2) ensures reliability, (3) avoids misleading data, (4) saves on additional experimentals, and (5) serves as reference for genomic and gene expression data.
Interplay among positive and negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition, and functioning in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia: a network analysis
Authors: Charernboon Thammanard 
Published: April 2022

Background: Schizophrenia has a broad range of interrelated symptoms and impairment in functioning. The objective of the study was to explore the interplay between positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition and real-life functioning in patients with schizophrenia using network analysis. Methods: Participants were 64 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. Psychopathologic, neurocognition, social cognition, and functioning were measured using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, Faces test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, and Personal Social Performance scale. Results: The network analysis suggested that functioning was the most central in the network followed by avolition and asociality. Functioning was directly connected to avolition, asociality, blunted affect, neurocognition and emotion recognition. The positive symptoms were the most remote and therefore the least important node. Conclusion: The high centrality of functioning suggests the need for improving of everyday life skills for patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, treatment of specific negative symptoms, neurocognition and emotion recognition could also enhance functional outcome.
Palliative care and good death in acute diseases: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Widyaningsih Vitri , Febrinasari Ratih Puspita , Suwandono Adji , Bhima Sigid Kirana Lintang , Padmawati Retna Siwi , Probandari Ari 
Published: April 2022

Increasing cases of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, requires healthcare systems to provide essential palliative care for critically ill patients and their families. With the rapid onset and often accelerated deterioration in patients with acute conditions, palliative and supportive care for these patients have different characteristics compared to those for chronic diseases. Furthermore, providing end-of life services for critically ill patients with acute diseases and their families to ensure good death for the patients, will also have its own challenges. This scoping review aims to explore the concept of palliative care and good death for acute diseases. This scoping review will be conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley's framework for scoping reviews: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting the data, collating, summarizing, reporting results, and conducting consultation. All original research with a focus on palliative care and good death due to acute diseases will be included. This review will include all original research designs published between the period of 2000–2021 that describe a measure of palliative care management for and good death due to acute diseases. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method studies will be included in order to consider different aspects of healthcare services. This review will also include guidelines and gray literature on palliative care and good deaths. The search will be conducted through PubMed, Scopus Database, and ScienceDirect using the key terms related to acute disease palliative care and the concept of good death due to acute diseases. Two authors will screen the titles and abstracts of the studies. Two authors will review the full text of selected studies independently and extract the data. All selected studies will be synthesized qualitatively, and the results will be consulted with experts through discussion and depict the current concept of palliative care and good death in acute diseases.
Development of a nanoscale displacement sensor based on the shadow method
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhao Meirong , Huang Yinguo , Li Dantong , Zheng Yelong , Tian Yu 
Published: April 2022

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, bionic coaxial micro-displacement sensor based on the shadow method is developed and experimentally demonstrated inspired by the water strider walking on the water. The water is used as the sensitive element to measure the micro- displacement. A meniscus is formed by the superhydrophobic circular plate subjected to a coaxial displacement excitation. Then a shadow is formed because of the refraction when the parallel light illuminates the meniscus. A maximum coaxial displacement sensitivity of 62 nm/pixel over the displacement range of 50 µm is achieved experimentally. The linearity error in the measurement range was 1.58%. Therefore, it is expected that this displacement sensor can be used in many important ultraprecision measurement fields because of the advantages of the easy structure and high resolution.
Cybersicherheit in Krankenhäusern – Teil 1: IT-Compliance als Leitungsaufgabe
Authors: Nadeborn Diana , Dittrich Tilmann 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Gefahr von Cyberangriffen ist aktuell in sämtlichen Branchen allgegenwärtig. Bei Krankenhäusern kann ein Cybervorfall neben dem Verlust von Patientendaten sogar zu einer Gefahr für Leib und Leben der Patienten führen. Krankenhäuser sind daher durch eine Vielzahl von Gesetzen zur Vorhaltung ausreichender Schutzmaßnahmen verpflichtet. Die Kontrolle der Einhaltung dieser Vorschriften obliegt den Leitungspersonen in Krankenhäusern. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine wichtige Compliance-Aufgabe. Ein Baustein kann in diesem Zusammenhang der Abschluss einer Cyberversicherung sein. Besondere Vorsicht ist bei der Zahlung von Lösegeldern im Fall einer Ransomware-Attacke geboten.
Japanese traditional Kampo medicine bofutsushosan improves body mass index in participants with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uneda Kazushi , Kawai Yuki , Yamada Takayuki , Kaneko Akira , Saito Ryuji , Chen Lin , Ishigami Tomoaki , Namiki Takao , Mitsuma Tadamichi 
Published: April 2022

Background
The number of people with obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Since obesity is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and mortality, the management of obesity is an urgent issue. However, anti-obesity drugs are insufficient in current clinical settings. Bofutsushosan (BTS, Fang-Feng-Tong-Sheng-San in China) is a traditional Japanese Kampo formula for patients with obesity. Recent basic studies have indicated that BTS potentially improves the pathophysiology of obesity. However, it is still unknown whether BTS clinically reduces body mass index (BMI) in patients with obesity.

Methods
We searched electronic databases, including the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Japanese/Chinese/Korean databases, on June 15, 2021. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of BTS on BMI, waist circumference, glycolipid metabolism, and blood pressure in participants with obesity. The primary outcome was change in BMI.

Results
We included seven studies and 679 participants (351 in the BTS group and 328 in the control group). In participants with obesity, BTS significantly reduced BMI relative to controls (mean difference, MD [95% confidence interval]: −0.52 kg/m2 [−0.86, −0.18], P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in waist circumference, glycolipid parameters, or blood pressure. Sensitivity analyses showed robust outcomes for the primary endpoint, although the heterogeneity was considerable. Moreover, no serious adverse events were observed in the BTS group.

Conclusion
BTS showed a potential benefit in safely and tolerably improving BMI in participants with obesity.
Morphology of foveal hypoplasia: Hyporeflective zones in the Henle fiber layer of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia
Authors: Bringmann Andreas , Barth Thomas , Ziemssen Focke 
Published: April 2022

Background
Foveal hypoplasia is characterized by the persistance of inner retinal layers at the macular center. We evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) morphological parameters of the macular center of eyes with foveal hypoplasia and describe the presence of hyporeflective zones in the Henle fiber layer (HFL) of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia.

Methods
Eyes with foveal hypoplasia were classified into two groups: high-grade foveal hypoplasia with thick inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness above 100 μm; 16 eyes of 9 subjects) and low-grade foveal hypoplasia with thinner inner retinal layers at the macular center (thickness below 100 μm; 25 eyes of 13 subjects). As comparison, SD-OCT images of normal control eyes (n = 75) were investigated.

Results
Eyes with foveal hypoplasia displayed shorter central photoreceptor outer segments (POS), a thinner central myoid zone, and a thicker central HFL compared to control eyes. Eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia also displayed a thinner central outer nuclear layer (ONL) compared to eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. There was a negative correlation between the thicknesses of the central ONL and HFL in eyes with foveal hypoplasia; however, the total thickness of both ONL and HFL was similar in all eye populations investigated. Visual acuity of subjects with foveal hypoplasia was negatively correlated to the thickness of the central inner retinal layers and positively correlated to the length of central POS. In contrast to central POS, the length of paracentral POS (0.5 and 1.0 mm nasal from the macular center) was not different between the three eye populations investigated. The paracentral ONL was thickest in eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia and thinnest in control eyes. Hyporeflective zones in the HFL were observed on SD-OCT images of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia, but not of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes. OCT angiography images recorded at the level of the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia showed concentric rings of different reflectivity around the macular center; such rings were not observed on images of eyes with low-grade foveal hypoplasia and control eyes.

Conclusions
It is suggested that the hyporeflective zones in the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia represent cystoid spaces which are surrounded by Henle fiber bundles. Cystoid spaces are likely formed because there are fewer Henle fibers and a thinner central ONL despite an unchanged thickness of both ONL and HFL. Cystoid spaces may cause the concentric rings of different reflectivity around the macular center in the HFL of eyes with high-grade foveal hypoplasia.
Device-based measurement of physical activity in pre-schoolers: Comparison of machine learning and cut point methods
Authors: Ahmadi Matthew N. , Trost Stewart G. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Machine learning (ML) accelerometer data processing methods have potential to improve the accuracy of device-based assessments of physical activity (PA) in young children. Yet the uptake of ML methods by health researchers has been minimal and the use of cut-points (CP) continues to be the norm, despite evidence of significant misclassification error. The lack of studies demonstrating a relative advantage for ML approaches over CP methods maybe a key contributing factor.

Purpose
The current study compared the accuracy of PA intensity predictions provided by ML classification models and previously published CPs for preschool-aged children.

Methods
In a free-living study, 31 preschool-aged children (mean age = 4.0 ± 0.9 y) wore wrist and hip ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers while completing a video recorded 20-minute free play session. Ground truth PA intensity was coded continuously using the Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS). Accelerometer data was classified as sedentary (SED), light intensity (LPA), or moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA) using ML random forest PA classifiers and published CPs for preschool-aged children. Performance differences were evaluated in a hold-out sample by comparing weighted kappa statistics, classification accuracy for each intensity band, and equivalence testing.

Results
ML classification models (hip: κ = 0.76; wrist: κ = 0.72) exhibited significantly higher agreement with ground truth PA intensity than CP methods (hip: κ = 0.38–0.49; wrist: κ = 0.31–0.44). For the ML models, classification accuracy for SED and LPA ranged from 83% - 88%, while classification accuracy for MVPA ranged from 68% - 78%. For the CP’s, classification accuracy ranged from 50% - 94% for SED, 19% - 75% for LPA, and 44% - 76.1% for MVPA. ML classification models showed equivalence (within ± 0.5 SD) with directly observed time in SED, LPA, and MVPA. None of the CP’s exhibited evidence of equivalence.

Conclusions
Under free living conditions, ML classification models for hip or wrist accelerometer data provide more accurate assessments of PA intensity in young children than CP methods. The results demonstrate the relative advantage of ML methods over threshold-based approaches and adds to a growing evidence base supporting the feasibility and accuracy of ML accelerometer data processing methods.