bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-COVID syndrome screening through breath analysis using electronic nose technology
Authors: V. R. Nidheesh , Mohapatra Aswini Kumar , V. K. Unnikrishnan , Lukose Jijo , Kartha Vasudevan Baskaran , Chidangil Santhosh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent need to have reliable technologies to diagnose post-coronavirus disease syndrome (PCS), as the number of people affected by COVID-19 and related complications is increasing worldwide. Considering the amount of risks associated with the two chronic lung diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is an immediate requirement for a screening method for PCS, which also produce symptoms similar to these conditions, especially since very often, many COVID-19 cases remain undetected because a good share of such patients is asymptomatic. Breath analysis techniques are getting attention since they are highly non-invasive methods for disease diagnosis, can be implemented easily for point-of-care applications even in primary health care centres. Electronic (E-) nose technology is coming up with better reliability, ease of operation, and affordability to all, and it can generate signatures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as markers of diseases. The present report is an outcome of a pilot study using an E-nose device on breath samples of cohorts of PCS, asthma, and normal (control) subjects. Match/no-match and k-NN analysis tests have been carried out to confirm the diagnosis of PCS. The prediction model has given 100% sensitivity and specificity. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) has been plotted for the prediction model, and the area under the curve (AUC) is obtained as 1. The E-nose technique is found to be working well for PCS diagnosis. Our study suggests that the breath analysis using E-nose can be used as a point-of-care diagnosis of PCS.Trial registrationBreath samples were collected from the Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal (IEC 60/2021, 13/01/2021) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) (CTRI/2021/02/031357, 06/02/2021) Government of India; trials were prospectively registered.
Graphical abstract
Organ doses in preterm and full-term neonates and infants — a retrospective study on 1,064 chest radiographs
Authors: Kammer Birgit , Schneider Karl O. , Dell’Agnolo Evi , Seidenbusch Michael C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Chest radiography is the most frequent X-ray examination performed in the neonatal period. However, commonly used dosimetric entities do not describe the radiation risk sufficiently.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate selected organ doses and total body dose of chest radiographs in preterm and full-term neonates and infants.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, we evaluated 1,064 chest radiographs of 136 preterm and 305 full-term babies with respect to field size and centering. We calculated the entrance dose from the dose–area product. Upper and lower field borders referred to the corresponding vertebrae. We calculated individual organ doses of the thyroid, the breast, the liver and active bone marrow for each chest radiograph using the neonatal PCXMC program, a Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses in medical X-ray examinations.

Results
The median field size of chest radiographs ranged from 90 cm2 in preterm neonates at birth to 290 cm2 in full-term infants at the age of 6 months. Median values of entrance dose varied, depending on age, from 15 μGy to 25 μGy. The median organ doses ranged 1–20 μSv for the thyroid, 3–30 μSv for the breast, 2–20 μSv for the liver and 0.5–3.5 μSv for the bone marrow in preterm and full-term neonates and infants, respectively.

Conclusion
The analysis of chest radiographs in preterm and full-term neonates and infants revealed high variability in field size. By contrast, the entrance dose varied to a minor extent. Organ dose calculations using the PCXMC program might be a valuable tool to calculate the individual radiation risk in neonates and infants.
Disparities in Advanced Peripheral Arterial Disease Presentation by Socioeconomic Status
Authors: de Jager Elzerie , Gunnarsson Ronny , Ho Yik‐Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) often synergistically lead to foot ulceration, infection, and gangrene, which may require lower limb amputation. Worldwide there are disparities in the rates of advanced presentation of PAD for vulnerable populations. This study examined rates of advanced presentations of PAD for unemployed patients, those residing in low Index of Economic Resources (IER) areas, and those in rural areas of Australia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a regional tertiary care centre (2008–2018). To capture advanced presentations of PAD, the proportion of operative patients presenting with complications (gangrene/ulcers), the proportion of surgeries that are amputations, and the rate of emergency to elective surgeries were examined. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year, age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and sociodemographic variables was performed.ResultsIn the period examined, 1115 patients underwent a surgical procedure for PAD. Forty‐nine per cent of patients had diabetes. Following multivariable testing, the rates of those requiring amputations were higher for unemployed (OR 1.99(1.05–3.79), p = 0.036) and rural patients (OR 1.83(1.21–2.76), p = 0.004). The rate of presentation with complications was higher for unemployed (OR 7.2(2.13–24.3), p = 0.001), disadvantaged IER (OR 1.91(1.2–3.04), p = 0.007), and rural patients (OR 1.73(1.13–2.65), p = 0.012). The rate of emergency to elective surgery was higher for unemployed (OR 2.32(1.18–4.54), p = 0.015) and rural patients (OR 1.92(1.29–2.86), p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study found disparities in metrics capturing delayed presentations of PAD: higher rates of presentations with complications, higher amputation rates, and increased rates of emergency to elective surgery, for patients of low socioeconomic status and those residing in rural areas. This suggests barriers to appropriate, effective, and timely care exists for these patients.
Irrigation efficiency optimization at multiple stakeholders’ levels based on remote sensing data and energy water balance modelling
Authors: Corbari Chiara , Mancini Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe agricultural sector, the largest and least efficient water user, is facing important challenges in sustaining food production and careful water use. The objective of this study is to improve farm and irrigation district water use efficiency by developing an operational procedure for smart irrigation and optimizing the exact water use and relative water productivity. The SIM (smart irrigation monitoring and forecasting) optimization irrigation strategy, based on soil moisture (SM) and crop stress thresholds, was implemented in the Chiese (North Italy) and Capitanata (South Italy) Irrigation Consortia. The system is based on the energy–water balance model FEST-EWB (Flashflood Event-based Spatially distributed rainfall runoff Transformation Energy–Water Balance model), which was pixelwise calibrated with remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST), with mean areal absolute errors of approximately 3 °C, and then validated against local measured SM and latent heat flux (LE) with RMSE values of approximately 0.07 and 40 Wm−2, respectively. The effect of the optimization strategy was evaluated on the reductions in irrigation volume and on the different timing, from approximately 500 mm over the crop season in the Capitanata area to approximately 1000 mm in the Chiese district, as well as on cumulated drainage and ET fluxes. The irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) indicator appears to be higher when applying the SIM strategy than when applying the traditional irrigation strategy: greater than 35% for the tomato fields in southern Italy and 80% for maize fields in northern Italy.
Three-dimensional analysis of mandible ramus morphology and transverse stability after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy
Authors: Huang Luo , Tang Shan , Yan Jing , Liu Yaoran , Piao Zhengguo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate short- and long-term postoperative changes of both morphology and transverse stability in mandibular ramus after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in patients with jaw deformity using three-dimensional (3D) orthognathic surgery planning treatment software for measurement of distances and angles.

Study design
This retrospective study included consecutive patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who had undergone intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy and computed tomography images before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 1 year after (T2) surgery. Reference points, reference lines and evaluation items were designated on the reconstructed 3D surface models to measure distances, angles and volume. The average values at T0, T1, T2 and time-dependent changes in variables were obtained.

Results
After surgery, the condylar length, ramal height, mandibular body length and mandibular ramus volume were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while clinically insignificant change was observed from T1 to T2. The angular length was increased immediately after surgery (P < 0.05), but it was decreased 1 year after surgery (P < 0.05). Lateral ramal inclination showed significant increase after surgery (P < 0.05) and maintained at T2.

Conclusion
Changes in the morphology of the mandibular ramus caused by IVRO do not obviously bring negative effect on facial appearance. Furthermore, despite position and angle of mandibular ramus changed after IVRO, good transverse stability was observed postoperatively. Therefore, IVRO technique can be safely used without compromising esthetic results.
Biochemical and cytological interactions between callose synthase and microtubules in the tobacco pollen tube
Authors: Parrotta Luigi , Faleri Claudia , Del Casino Cecilia , Mareri Lavinia , Aloisi Iris , Guerriero Gea , Hausman Jean-Francois , Del Duca Stefano , Cai Giampiero 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Key message
The article concerns the association between callose synthase and cytoskeleton by biochemical and ultrastructural analyses in the pollen tube. Results confirmed this association and immunogold labeling showed a colocalization.

Abstract
Callose is a cell wall polysaccharide involved in fundamental biological processes, from plant development to the response to abiotic and biotic stress. To gain insight into the deposition pattern of callose, it is important to know how the enzyme callose synthase is regulated through the interaction with the vesicle-cytoskeletal system. Actin filaments likely determine the long-range distribution of callose synthase through transport vesicles but the spatial/biochemical relationships between callose synthase and microtubules are poorly understood, although experimental evidence supports the association between callose synthase and tubulin. In this manuscript, we further investigated the association between callose synthase and microtubules through biochemical and ultrastructural analyses in the pollen tube model system, where callose is an essential component of the cell wall. Results by native 2-D electrophoresis, isolation of callose synthase complex and far-western blot confirmed that callose synthase is associated with tubulin and can therefore interface with cortical microtubules. In contrast, actin and sucrose synthase were not permanently associated with callose synthase. Immunogold labeling showed colocalization between the enzyme and microtubules, occasionally mediated by vesicles. Overall, the data indicate that pollen tube callose synthase exerts its activity in cooperation with the microtubular cytoskeleton.
Radiomics with 3-dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting: influence of dictionary design on repeatability and reproducibility of radiomic features
Authors: Fujita Shohei , Hagiwara Akifumi , Yasaka Koichiro , Akai Hiroyuki , Kunimatsu Akira , Kiryu Shigeru , Fukunaga Issei , Kato Shimpei , Akashi Toshiaki , Kamagata Koji , Wada Akihiko , Abe Osamu , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to investigate the influence of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) dictionary design on radiomic features using in vivo human brain scans.

Methods
Scan-rescans of three-dimensional MRF and conventional T1-weighted imaging were performed on 21 healthy volunteers (9 males and 12 females; mean age, 41.3 ± 14.6 years; age range, 22–72 years). Five patients with multiple sclerosis (3 males and 2 females; mean age, 41.2 ± 7.3 years; age range, 32–53 years) were also included. MRF data were reconstructed using various dictionaries with different step sizes. First- and second-order radiomic features were extracted from each dataset. Intra-dictionary repeatability and inter-dictionary reproducibility were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Features with ICCs > 0.90 were considered acceptable. Relative changes were calculated to assess inter-dictionary biases.

Results
The overall scan-rescan ICCs of MRF-based radiomics ranged from 0.86 to 0.95, depending on dictionary step size. No significant differences were observed in the overall scan-rescan repeatability of MRF-based radiomic features and conventional T1-weighted imaging (p = 1.00). Intra-dictionary repeatability was insensitive to dictionary step size differences. MRF-based radiomic features varied among dictionaries (overall ICC for inter-dictionary reproducibility, 0.62–0.99), especially when step sizes were large. First-order and gray level co-occurrence matrix features were the most reproducible feature classes among different step size dictionaries. T1 map-derived radiomic features provided higher repeatability and reproducibility among dictionaries than those obtained with T2 maps.

Conclusion
MRF-based radiomic features are highly repeatable in various dictionary step sizes. Caution is warranted when performing MRF-based radiomics using datasets containing maps generated from different dictionaries.

Key Points
• MRF-based radiomic features are highly repeatable in various dictionary step sizes.
• Use of different MRF dictionaries may result in variable radiomic features, even when the same MRF acquisition data are used.
• Caution is needed when performing radiomic analysis using data reconstructed from different dictionaries.
Higher use of fixed-bearing over mobile-bearing and posterior-stabilized over medial pivot designs in total knee arthroplasty (TKA): a systematic comparative analysis using worldwide arthroplasty registers from England and Wales, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Wittig Ulrike , Moshammer Maximilian , Vielgut Ines , Hauer Georg , Reinbacher Patrick , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to compare the use of mobile-bearing, fixed-bearing, posterior-stabilized (PS) and medial pivot design to describe epidemiological differences and subsequent outcomes.

Materials and methods
A systematic literature search was performed using the NORE website to identify the relevant arthroplasty registers. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) reports had to be publicly available, (2) reports had to be written in German or English language, (3) differentiation between mobile- and fixed-bearing, posterior-stabilized, and if possible, medial pivot designs had to be possible from the present reports, and (4) data had to be reported for at least three consecutive years and the latest report had to be from the year 2020 to retrieve recent data.

Results
Six registries (England and Wales, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Germany, Switzerland) offered sufficient data according to the inclusion criteria. In all countries, the dominant type of bearing used for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was fixed-bearing, with percentages ranging from 60.8% to 84.1% in 2018, 63.6% to 85.7% in 2019 and 66.2% to 87.4% in 2020. A large variation was observed concerning mobile-bearing design, which showed a range from 2.8% to 39.2% in 2018, 2.6% to 36.4% in 2019 and 2.9% to 33.8% in 2020. Some variation was found regarding the use of PS TKA, as its percentage frequency ranged from 9.7% to 29.2% in 2018, 9.8% to 29.4% in 2019 and 10.1% to 28.5% in 2020. Medial pivot design had a share of 9.1% in 2018, 8.6% in 2019 and 8.4% in 2020 in Australia, while it only accounted for 1.4% in 2018, 2.1% in 2019 and 2.5% in 2020 in Germany.

Conclusion
The comparison of arthroplasty registers from England and Wales, Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Germany and Switzerland revealed large differences regarding the application of posterior-stabilized designs, but also common ground considering the overwhelming use of fixed-bearing inserts, which, when inserted correctly, eradicate the potential complication of bearing dislocation. Arthroplasty registers offer a real-world clinical perspective with the aim to improve quality and patient safety.
Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability
Authors: Benner Philipp , Meier Lisa , Pfeffer Annika , Krüger Konstantin , Oropeza Vargas José Enrique , Weuster-Botz Dirk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhototrophic microorganisms that convert carbon dioxide are being explored for their capacity to solve different environmental issues and produce bioactive compounds for human therapeutics and as food additives. Full-scale phototrophic cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria can be done in open ponds or closed photobioreactor systems, which have a broad range of volumes. This review focuses on laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs. Illuminated microtiter plates and microfluidic devices offer an option for automated high-throughput studies with microalgae. Illuminated shake flasks are used for simple uncontrolled batch studies. The application of illuminated bubble column reactors strongly emphasizes homogenous gas distribution, while illuminated flat plate bioreactors offer high and uniform light input. Illuminated stirred-tank bioreactors facilitate the application of very well-defined reaction conditions. Closed tubular photobioreactors as well as open photobioreactors like small-scale raceway ponds and thin-layer cascades are applied as scale-down models of the respective large-scale bioreactors. A few other less common designs such as illuminated plastic bags or aquarium tanks are also used mainly because of their relatively low cost, but up-scaling of these designs is challenging with additional light-driven issues. Finally, this review covers recommendations on the criteria for photobioreactor selection and operation while up-scaling of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.
Symptoms of pre-treatment anxiety are associated with the development of chronic peripheral neuropathy among colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Bonhof Cynthia S. , van de Graaf Daniëlle L. , Wasowicz Dareczka K. , Vreugdenhil Gerard , Mols Floortje 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Identifying potentially modifiable predictors of chronic (chemotherapy-induced) peripheral neuropathy (PN) is important, especially in light of the limited treatment options. We aimed to examine pre-treatment anxiety and depressive symptoms as predictors of chronic PN symptom severity in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients up to 2 years after diagnosis.

Methods
Newly diagnosed CRC patients from four Dutch hospitals were eligible for participation. Patients (N = 336) completed a questionnaire on anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS) and sensory (SPN) and motor peripheral neuropathy (MPN) (EORTC QLQ-CIPN20) before initial treatment (baseline) and 1 and 2 years after diagnosis. Patients were included in the analyses if they either developed some level of SPN or MPN symptoms, or experienced a worsening of pre-treatment SPN or MPN symptoms.

Results
At 1-year follow-up, 115 patients (34%) reported SPN symptoms and 134 patients (40%) reported MPN symptoms. Of these patients, SPN and MPN symptoms had not returned to baseline level at 2-year follow-up in, respectively, 51% and 54% of patients. In multivariable regression analyses, neither pre-treatment anxiety symptoms nor pre-treatment depressive symptoms were associated with SPN or MPN symptom severity at 1-year follow-up. At 2-year follow-up, pre-treatment anxiety symptoms (β = 0.44, p = 0.01), but not depressive symptoms, were associated with SPN symptom severity.

Conclusions
Pre-treatment anxiety symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, were associated with SPN symptom severity 2 years after diagnosis. Future studies are needed that assess whether interventions targeted to reduce anxiety before and during treatment can reduce chronic PN severity or even prevent the persistence of PN.
Demenz und Epilepsie
Authors: Rossini Fabio 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEpilepsie und Demenz sind zwei Erkrankungen, bei denen es im höheren Alter zu einem Gipfel in der Häufigkeit des Auftretens kommt. Neuropathologische und epidemiologische Evidenz deutet darauf hin, dass die beiden Erkrankungen sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und pathophysiologische Mechanismen teilen. Die Diagnose von epileptischen Anfällen bei Demenz und umgekehrt wird durch verschiedene altersassoziierte Faktoren, v. a. Komorbiditäten erschwert. Anfallsfreiheit kann bei älteren Patient*innen mit Epilepsie und Demenz mit relativ niedriger Dosis und in Monotherapie erreicht werden. Nichtsdestotrotz sind bei pharmakokinetischen Interaktionen, Polypharmazie, Komorbiditäten und vermindertem Stoffwechsel manche Antiepileptika wie Valproinsäure, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital und Topiramat nicht Mittel der Wahl, wobei andere Medikamente wie Lamotrigin, Levetiracetam, Pregabalin sowie die „neue Generation“ (Brivaracetam, Lacosamid, Eslicarbazepin und Perampanel) bei guter Verträglichkeit zu bevorzugen sind. Jedenfalls gilt das Prinzip „Start low, go slow, aim low“.
Estimates and multivariable risk assessment of mid-buccal gingival recessions in an Italian adult population according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System
Authors: Romano Federica , Perotto Stefano , Baima Giacomo , Macrì Gianfranco , Picollo Fabrizio , Romandini Mario , Mariani Giulia Maria , Aimetti Mario 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide estimate of mid-buccal gingival recession (GR) according to the 2018 World Workshop Classification System and to explore GR risk indicators in a representative urban population in North-West of Italy.

Material and methods
This is a secondary analysis using data collected in an epidemiological study enrolling a representative sample of 736 adults, living in Turin. GR prevalence was defined as the presence of at least one mid-buccal GR ≥ 1 mm. GRs were categorized according to the 2018 classification system (RT1, RT2, RT3) and to different severity cutoffs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify RT GR risk indicators.

Results
Mid-buccal GR ≥ 1 mm affected 57.20% of subjects and 14.56% of teeth. When considering RT1 GRs, their prevalence was 40.90% and 6.29% at the patient and tooth level. RT2 and RT3 GRs affected 25.82% and 36.68% of the study population, respectively. RT1 GRs occurred mostly on maxillary and mandibular premolars and maxillary canines, while RT2 and RT3 GRs on maxillary molars and mandibular incisors. Older age, high education, and full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) < 30% were risk indicators for RT1 GRs, while older age, poor education, periodontitis, and FMPS > 60% were significant contributors to RT2 and RT3 GRs.

Conclusions
RT1 and RT3 are fairly common findings in this Italian population and are significantly associated to different contributing factors and tooth type distribution pattern.

Clinical relevance
Prevention strategies should target different socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk indicators based on the RT classes.