bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index, Leptin and Leptin Receptor Polymorphisms, and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Skibola Christine F. , Holly Elizabeth A. , Forrest Matthew S. , Hubbard Alan , Bracci Paige M. , Skibola Danica R. , Hegedus Christine , Smith Martyn T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a population-based case-control study, obesity was associated with elevated odds ratios (ORs) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and the two major subtypes, diffuse large cell (DLCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). Those who were obese (body mass index ≥ 30) were up to three times more likely to develop NHL or its major subtypes than persons with body mass index of 20 to &lt;25. Obesity-related genetic factors including common polymorphisms in the leptin gene (LEP A19G and G-2548A) and its receptor (LEPR Q223R) were investigated in DNA available for 376 patients and 805 controls. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that regulates food intake and modulates immune and inflammatory responses through its receptor. Among those with the LEP 19G allele, an increased risk estimate was found for all NHL [OR = 1.6, confidence interval (CI) 1.1–2.3], DLCL (OR = 1.6, CI 0.86–3.0), and FL lymphoma (OR = 1.9, CI 0.98–3.6). Gene-gene interaction existed between the −G2548A and LEPR Q223R polymorphisms. Specifically, among those with LEPR 223RR, the risk estimate for NHL was increased in LEP −2548GA (OR = 1.7, CI 0.88–3.1) and LEP −2548AA (OR = 2.3,CI 1.1–4.6) relative to LEP −2548GG genotypes. These results suggest that genetic interactions between leptin and its receptor may promote immune dysfunction associated with obesity and NHL and that the emerging obesity epidemic is consistent with the increasing incidence of NHL in developed countries.
World Trade Center Dust Exposure Promotes Cancer in PTEN-deficient Mouse Prostates
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Yitian , Zhang Licheng , Kang Kyeongah , Kobryn Andriy , Portman Kensey , Gordon Ronald E , Pan Ping-Ying , Taioli Emanuela , Aaronson Stuart A , Chen Shu-Hsia , Mulholland David J 
Published: June 2022

During the 9/11 attacks, individuals were exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust which contained a complex mixture of carcinogens. Epidemiologic studies have revealed the increased incidence of prostate and thyroid cancer in WTC survivors and responders. While reports have shown that WTC-dust associates with the increased prevalence of inflammatory-related disorders, studies to date have not determined whether this exposure impacts cancer progression. In this study, we have used genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models with prostate-specific deletion of the PTEN tumor suppressor to study the impact of WTC-dust exposure on deposition of dust particles, inflammation, and cancer progression. In normal C57/BL6 mice, dust exposure increased cellular expression of inflammatory genes with highest levels in the lung and peripheral blood. In normal and tumor-bearing GEM mice, increased immune cell infiltration to the lungs was observed. Pathologic evaluation of mice at different timepoints showed that WTC-dust exposure promoted PI3K-AKT activation, increased epithelial proliferation and acinar invasion in prostates with heterozygous and homozygous Pten loss. Using autochthonous and transplant GEM models of prostate cancer, we demonstrated that dust exposure caused reduced survival as compared with control cohorts. Finally, we used imaging mass cytometry to detect elevated immune cell infiltration and cellular expression of inflammatory markers in prostate tumors isolated from human WTC survivors. Collectively, our study shows that chronic inflammation, induced by WTC dust exposure, promotes more aggressive cancer in genetically predisposed prostates and potentially in patients.Significance:We provide the first evidence that exposure to WTC dust promotes prostate cancer progression. These data may impact the diagnoses, clinical management, and treatment of responders who have or will develop cancer.
Theranostic Contribution of Extracellular Matrix Metalloprotease Inducer-Paramagnetic Nanoparticles Against Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Pig Model of Coronary Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Ramirez-Carracedo Rafael , Sanmartin Marcelo , Ten Amadeo , Hernandez Ignacio , Tesoro Laura , Diez-Mata Javier , Botana Laura , Ovejero-Paredes Karina , Filice Marco , Alberich-Bayarri Angel , Martí-Bonmatí Luis , Largo-Aramburu Carlota , Saura Marta , Zamorano Jose Luis , Zaragoza Carlos 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Rapid screening and accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction are critical to reduce the progression of myocardial necrosis, in which proteolytic degradation of myocardial extracellular matrix plays a major role. In previous studies, we found that targeting the extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (EMMPRIN) by injecting nanoparticles conjugated with the specific EMMPRIN-binding peptide AP9 significantly improved cardiac function in mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion.

Methods:
In a porcine model of coronary ischemia/reperfusion, we tested the theragnostic effects of administering 0.1 mg/kg gadolinium-containing nanoparticles conjugated with AP9 (NAP9), a synthetic peptide that targets EMMPRIN or a control nanoparticle (NAPSC). Cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of the infarct progression, ventricular function, and nanoparticle distribution was performed the next 7 days. We also measured the infarcted area of the heart and cardiac remodeling at 7 or 21 days after ischemia/reperfusion.

Results:
After 21 days of ischemia/reperfusion, NAP9 reduced the extension of cardiac necrosis (14.1±9.7 versus 35.5±1.8) and the levels of collagenolytic activity of MMPs (matrix metalloproteases), along with a significant reduction in collagen deposition (7.5±4.5 versus 41.3±20); including the ratio of type I versus III collagen fibers in the necrotic myocardium. In terms of cardiac function, the response to NAP9 administration resulted in a significant improvement of cardiac performance overtime, as evidenced by the left ventricle ejection fraction (64.0±7.8), when compared with those present in the NAPSC group (47.3±4.7). As shown by magnetic resonance imaging, noninvasive molecular imaging of NAP9 enabled us to find a significant reduction in cardiac necrosis, myocardial edema, hemorrhage, and microvascular obstruction, suggesting that NAP9 may reduce myocardial injury and preserve left ventricular function, at least, by preventing the effect of EMMPRIN on extracellular matrix degradation.

Conclusions:
Our data point towards NAP9 as a promising theragnostic tool in managing acute myocardial infarction, by inhibiting EMMPRIN-induced extracellular matrix degradation and allowing noninvasive visualization of cardiac necrosis progression over time.
Is My Model Using the Right Evidence? Systematic Probes for Examining Evidence-Based Tabular Reasoning
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Bhat Riyaz A. , Ghosal Atreya , Shrivastava Manish , Singh Maneesh , Srikumar Vivek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeural models command state-of-the-art performance across NLP tasks, including ones involving “reasoning”. Models claiming to reason about the evidence presented to them should attend to the correct parts of the input while avoiding spurious patterns therein, be self-consistent in their predictions across inputs, and be immune to biases derived from their pre-training in a nuanced, context- sensitive fashion. Do the prevalent *BERT- family of models do so? In this paper, we study this question using the problem of reasoning on tabular data. Tabular inputs are especially well-suited for the study—they admit systematic probes targeting the properties listed above. Our experiments demonstrate that a RoBERTa-based model, representative of the current state-of-the-art, fails at reasoning on the following counts: it (a) ignores relevant parts of the evidence, (b) is over- sensitive to annotation artifacts, and (c) relies on the knowledge encoded in the pre-trained language model rather than the evidence presented in its tabular inputs. Finally, through inoculation experiments, we show that fine- tuning the model on perturbed data does not help it overcome the above challenges.
The Melaka Sultanate, c.1400–1528
Authors: Borschberg Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Melaka Sultanate spans a period of around one to one and a half centuries, from its supposed founding by the fugitive prince Parameswara around 1360–1400 until the year 1528, when the two sons of the last Sultan of Melaka Mahmud I founded the successor polities of Perak and Johor. The key to understanding Melaka’s history is to focus on the synergies forged by the rulers and the grandees with local and foreign actors, and to appreciate the mutual but malleable relationships maintained by the ruler (sultan) with his subjects and followers. In its heyday Melaka served as one of the crucial procurement, trans-shipment, and commercial centres in the maritime trading world of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Its fame reached as far as North and East Africa in the West, and China and Ryukyu in the East. At its height it exerted political, economic and cultural influence over much of the Malay Peninsula, parts of Eastern Sumatra and the Riau Archipelago.
“Melaka” in Chinese Texts: Archivalisation and Macro Patterns Related to Records of Melaka in the Ming and Qing Periods (Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)
Authors: Heng Derek 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The reversion of the Chinese state, under the early Ming emperors, from private maritime shipping and trade to state-sponsored diplomatic and economic missions into Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean littoral under the Admiral Zheng He, has led to the Chinese textual documentation contains substantial information on the Sultanate of Melaka in the fifteenth century. However, this body of information, and the historical narrative of the Sultanate, has been based primarily on the extant records of the imperial Ming voyages, and the official bureaucratic records, such as the Ming shilu and Mingshi. Other texts post-dating the fifteenth century, including such encyclopedias as the Dongxi yangkao, draw their information on Melaka from these texts. The digitization of the Siku quanshu (Compendium of the Four Treasuries) commissioned in the late eighteenth century, has opened up the opportunity to discover hitherto unknown historical information, and the develop new paradigms and methodologies for the research of the history of Melaka. Importantly, the various entries of information on Melaka, found in the compendium that date after the fall of the Melaka Sultanate in 1511, provide insight into the lenses and experiences through which archivalisation, and the process in which Chinese officialdom collected information on the port-city, occurred through the course of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. This paper utilizes digital database search processes to elucidate new aspects of the history of Melaka’s trade and economic interactions with East Asia, and how Southeast Asia ports continued to feature in the memory landscape of the Chinese officialdom, long after the ceased to exist in the form of their original polities.
Epistula Honorii: note esegetiche e riflessioni storico-giuridiche
Authors: Lanti Lorenzo 
Published: June 2022

Summary
More than 430 fragments contained in the Theodosian Code can be traced back to laws by Honorius. The reason for this immense amount of costitutiones is to be found in the variety of issues he had to face during his rather long empire (395–423). Beyond those passed down in official Codes, a number of other laws issued under Honorius are attested by literary or historical sources. The purpose of this paper is to present, analyze and comment on the Epistula Honorii, a quite neglected rescript copied down in a Spanish volume of miscellaneous manuscripts from the end of the 10th century. The document, addressed to troops stationed in the city of Pamplona, grants certain benefits to these soldiers, namely an increase of their stipendium and the hospitium. After focusing on its dating and the problematic interpretation of its text, it will be compared to other laws by Honorius on similar topics.
Confidence and Uncertainty in Simulating Tropical Cyclone Long-Term Variability Using the CMIP6-HighResMIP
Authors: Song Kexin , Zhao Jiuwei , Zhan Ruifen , Tao Li , Chen Lin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Confidence and uncertainty issues of simulations were seldom evaluated in previous studies although the climate models are widely used. This study evaluates the performance of the CMIP6-HighResMIP simulations in presenting long-term variability of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency (TCGF) and track density (TCTD) and quantifies the relative contributions of internal and external forcing to TC activities during the 1950–2014. There is overall poor model performance in simulating long-term changes in TC activities over the Northern Hemisphere, including interdecadal variabilities and long-term linear trends. The simulated long-term changes in TCGF and TCTD over the eastern North Pacific (ENP) in six high-resolution models show opposite characteristics to the observations. Moreover, most models cannot capture the variabilities of TCGF and TCTD over the western part of the western North Pacific (WNP) and northern part of the North Atlantic (NA). However, these models show a high degree of confidence in reproducing the interdecadal variabilities and linear trends of TCGF and TCTD over the eastern part of the WNP and the tropical NA. Quantitative evaluations further show that there are the opposite relative contributions of long-term climate variabilities to TCGF and TCTD changes over the ENP between the observations and the multimodel ensemble mean, followed by large model biases over the western WNP and the northern NA, but relatively consistent contributions over the southern NA and the Caribbean. These results help us cope with contrasting and consistent future TC changes among the model projections.

Significance Statement
While climate models have been widely used to project future changes in tropical cyclone (TC) activity, few studies have examined to what extent we can trust these model projections. We used the CMIP6-HighResMIP simulations to quantify the model biases in presenting TC activity, and evaluate the relative contributions of internal and external forcing to TC activities. In general, the HighResMIP has large discrepancies in representing longer-term climate variability of TC activity. However, the models can capture well TC activity over the eastern part of the western North Pacific and tropical Atlantic, which is attributed to good performance of models in reproducing the relationship between long-term climate variabilities beyond interannual scale and TC activity. These results highlight confidence and uncertainty in future TC changes among the model projections.
Decannulation of Tracheostomy-Dependent Patients: Results and Review of Techniques of Reconstructive Transoral Laser Microsurgery
Authors: Baguant Ashley , Aboussouan Marie-Pierre , Castellanos Paul F. , Atallah Ihab 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate the benefit of reconstructive transoral laser microsurgery (R-TLM) in decannulation of tracheostomy-dependent patients with airway obstruction. Methods: A consecutive series of tracheostomy-dependent patients who underwent R-TLM using multiple techniques described in our previous works, were reviewed for outcomes especially for decannulation. Full airway examination was essential to determine the anatomical and functional sites of obstruction to establish the surgical plan including R-TLM techniques needed to improve airway prior to permanent decannulation. Results: Twenty-two patients were treated. Eighteen subjects were successfully decannulated. Single or multiple R-TLM surgical technique(s) was/were performed during the same surgery to treat upper airway stenosis at the level of the hypopharynx, larynx, and trachea. The mean number of surgeries per patient was 2.1. Patients were followed up for at least 12 months. Conclusion: R-TLM combines different surgical techniques which can be used individually or combined in a stepwise surgical plan for permanent decannulation of tracheostomy-dependent patients with a previous history of decannulation failure secondary to airway obstruction. Accurate preoperative examination gives valuable information about airway and allows establishing a stepwise surgical plan that may need multiple surgeries for full permanent decannulation of these patients.
Endoscopic Techniques for Nasal Septal Perforation Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gravina Arron , Pai Kavya K. , Shave Samantha , Eloy Jean Anderson , Fang Christina H. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Surgical repair of nasal septal perforations (NSPs) is technically challenging. Advantages associated with endoscopic NSP repair (ENSPR) include enhanced visualization and its minimally invasive nature. Purely endoscopic techniques have successful outcomes with low morbidity. This study provides a review of clinical features, surgical techniques, and outcomes in patients who underwent ENSPR. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Embase databases. Manual bibliography search produced additional articles. Studies reporting purely endoscopic approaches for NSP repair were included. Patient demographics, NSP size, etiology, repair strategy, incidence of closure, and follow-up were analyzed. Results: A total of 329 cases from 20 studies were included. The mean age was 37.2 years (range, 12.3-51 years) and 55.0% were male. Common etiologies were iatrogenic (n = 180, 60.0%), trauma (n = 66, 22.0%), and idiopathic (n = 36, 12.0%). The mean NSP size was 17.1 mm (range, 4-23). Repair techniques included unilateral random pattern flaps (n = 205, 62.3%), interposition grafts (n = 137, 41.6%), and unilateral axial pedicled local flaps (n = 81, 24.6%). 222 patients (67.5%) underwent a 2-layered repair, while 70 (21.3%) and 37 (11.2%) patients underwent single and 3-layered repairs, respectively. Successful closure was achieved in 296 patients (90.0%). When stratified by layers of repair, 65 single-layered (92.9%), 196 2-layered (88.3%), and 34 3-layered repairs (91.9%) were successful at a mean follow-up of 16.3 months (range, 3-31 months). Conclusions: ENSPR generally achieves NSP closure with high rates of success among varying types of repairs. Further studies may determine how clinical factors and surgical methods impact the likelihood of obtaining successful closure.
The AREDOC project and its implications for the definition and measurement of the bipolar disorders: A summary report
Authors: Parker Gordon , Spoelma Michael J , Tavella Gabriela 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Judging that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria for defining mania/hypomania (and thus bipolar I/II disorders, respectively) would benefit from review, we formed an expert taskforce to derive modified criteria for consideration. The aim of this paper is to summarise the component stages and detail the final recommended criteria. Methods: We first sought taskforce members’ views on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria and how they might be modified. Next, members recruited patients with a bipolar I or II disorder, and who were asked to judge new definitional options and complete a symptom checklist to determine the most differentiating items. The latter task was also completed by a small comparison group of unipolar depressed patients to determine the mood state items that best differentiate unipolar from bipolar subjects. Subsequent reports overviewed analyses arguing for bipolar I and II as being categorically distinct and generated empirically derived diagnostic criteria. Results: Alternatives to all the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria were generated. Modifications included recognising that impairment is not a necessary criterion, removing hospitalisation as automatically assigning bipolar I status, adding an irritable/angry symptom construct to the symptom list, deleting a mandatory duration period for manic/hypomanic episodes, and requiring a greater number of affirmed symptoms for a bipolar diagnosis to manage the risk of overdiagnosis. Granular symptom criteria were identified by analyses and constructed to assist clinician assessment. A potential bipolar screening measure was developed with analyses showing that it could clearly distinguish bipolar versus unipolar status, whether symptom items were assigned as having equal status or weighted by their quantified diagnostic contribution. Conclusion: While requiring further validation, we suggest that the revised criteria overcome several current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) limitations to defining and differentiating the two bipolar sub-types, while still respecting and preserving the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders template. It will be necessary to determine whether the bipolar screening measure has superiority to currently accepted measures.
Whole-school interventions promoting student commitment to school to prevent substance use and violence: Synthesis of theories of change
Authors: Ponsford Ruth , Falconer Jane , Melendez-Torres GJ , Bonell Chris 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Whole-school interventions and programmes aim to change school environments to promote health. Previous reviews suggest these are often inappropriately informed by individualistic psychological theories. We undertook a systematic review of whole-school interventions to prevent substance use and violence. This paper reports on a synthesis of theories of change, assessing whether these aligned with, and suggested refinements to, the theory of human functioning and school organisation, a more encompassing, sociological theory. This theory proposes that schools improve health by promoting student commitment, achieved by eroding various ‘boundaries’ (e.g. between staff and students) and reframing provision based on student needs so that students commit more fully to school ‘instructional’ (learning) and ‘regulatory’ (behaviour) orders. Setting: International. Design: Systematic review. Methods: The study involved systematic searches, data extraction and quality assessment. Theories of change were synthesised using a best-fit framework. Results: Despite only one intervention being explicitly informed by the theory of human functioning and school organisation, the theories of change of most interventions aligned (at least in part) with aspects of this theory. Synthesis suggested various refinements to the theory. First, it suggested specific activities that can modify boundaries and reframing to increase student commitment. Second, it refined the concept of reframing to include building learning on existing student knowledge using a ‘constructivist’ approach. Third, it suggested future intervention might usefully seek to erode boundaries between the ‘instructional’ and ‘regulatory’ orders of the school to create a single ‘developmental’ order. Finally, it recognised that whole-school interventions might prevent violence and substance use among students in ways other than by building student commitment. Conclusion: Our refined theory of change provides a firmer basis for interventions. Future work is needed to examine empirical support for the refined theory.