bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Effect of Shape of HTS Pole Coil on Airgap Magnetic Field of HTS Synchronous Motor
Authors: Sharma D K , Muralidhar Bathula V A S , Gour A S , Rao V V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) synchronous motors offer considerably higher torque and power densities along with higher efficiencies for strategic and critical industrial applications. The most widely explored airgap based topology for HTS synchronous motors has conventional copper windings in stator and HTS pole coils in the rotor. The shape of these rotor pole coils affects various electrical parameters of the motor. In this paper, a detailed investigation has been carried out on effect of shape of HTS pole coil on airgap magnetic field and rated open circuit characteristic (OCC) of an 8 MW HTS synchronous motor along with its other parameters like pole coil excitation current, peak magnetic field inside the motor, maximum perpendicular magnetic field on HTS tape and operating temperature of HTS pole coils through FEM based electromagnetic analysis. Based on the results of electromagnetic analysis, the optimum shape of HTS pole coil has been finalised.
Conceptual design of a wide band gap based cryogenically cooled MW-class inverter
Authors: Kar Soumen , Reddy Siddavatam Ravi Prakash , Rajashekara Kaushik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The increasing need for higher power density and closer integration of power subsystems consisting of superconducting motors/generators, degaussing coils, energy storage modules, and cables leads one to consider the merits of refrigerating the associated power electronics down to cryogenic temperatures. High temperature superconducting (HTS) components combined with cryogenic power converters resulting in high power density power conversion systems will have a significant effect on several industrial, commercial, transportation, and renewable energy applications. Cryogenic power converters provide promising benefits over their room temperature counterparts in terms of reduced size and weight due to increased power density, improved efficiency, switching speed, and reliability. Integration could result in significant weight and space savings for the overall system. In this paper, a conceptual design study on the wide-bandgap-based (especially SiC and GaN) MW-class power inverter/converter is reported. Based on the total power loss of the designed converter, different cryogenic cooling strategies are proposed. The cooling power requirements, cooler mass, the cooler cost is evaluated based on the operating temperature of MW-class power converter. Finally, a power density comparison for different types of conventional power applications and HTS applications together with MW-class power converters is presented. The future of the cryogenically cooled power electronics system together with superconducting power devices is described for large-scale applications such as for future electric aircraft.
Dynamics and Vibrations of Rotors of Electrical Drives with Additively Manufactured Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Steegers F , Weidermann C , Klöpzig M , Sattel T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The use of additive manufacturing and cryogenic cooling enables engineers to build electric machines with higher power densities than previously seen. Both the new manufacturing technologies and very low temperatures have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of materials. In the present work, a rotordynamics analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor concept from the AdHyBau project, funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, is conducted with an emphasis on the influence of additive manufacturing and cryogenic temperatures on vibrations and natural frequencies.
Using additive manufacturing technologies in high-field accelerator magnet coils
Authors: Novitski I , Coghill J , Beale T , Bergeron J , Davidoff R , Oshinowo B , Raje S , Swanson D , Wilson C , Zlobin AV 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent advances with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies using various materials allow them to be considered for the manufacture of precise and complicated metal parts of the magnet coils of high field accelerator magnets from aluminum bronze, titanium alloy, stainless steel, etc. The 3D printing technology is also being used to fabricate prototype models of real parts to test and optimize their geometry. This paper discusses the designs of the complex stress-management coil parts developed at Fermilab, their fabrication using AM technologies, and quality control methods and results.
Design and thermal study of a test device for breakdown characteristics of insulation materials in low temperature vacuum environment
Authors: Huang Jun , Xu Qiufu , Wang Guodong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the application and development of low-temperature superconductivity technology, the research on electrical properties of insulating materials under different low-temperature conditions has attracted more and more attention. According to the breakdown characteristics of materials in low-temperature environments, a test device for the discharge breakdown characteristics of insulating materials in vacuum low-temperature environments is designed. This device can meet test of the gaseous and solid insulating materials in different low temperature and vacuum conditions. Compared with the traditional low temperature electrical test device, it has the advantages of convenient replacement, short test cycle and multi-functional testing. The finite element simulation software is used to simulate the performance of the cooling device of gas and solid insulating materials, and the effects of liquid helium cooling and refrigerator cooling on the temperature distribution of the device are analyzed and compared. Finally, the flow field analysis of the cooling system defines the internal flow characteristics of liquid helium under liquid helium cooling, which provides theoretical guidance for the design of the low-temperature breakdown test device.
Space-charge effects in low-energy flat-beam transforms
Authors: Moroch Scott B , Koeth Timothy W , Carlsten Bruce E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Flat-beam transforms (FBTs) provide a technique for controlling the emittance partitioning between the beam’s two transverse dimensions. To date, nearly all FBT studies have been in regimes where the beam’s own space-charge effects can be ignored, such as in applications with high-brightness electron linacs where the transform occurs at high, relativistic, energies. Additionally, FBTs may provide a revolutionary path to high-power generation at high frequencies in vacuum electron devices where the beam emittance is currently becoming a limiting factor, which is the motivation for this paper. Electron beams in vacuum electron devices operate both at a much lower energy and a much higher current than in accelerators and the beam’s space-charge forces can no longer be ignored. Here we analyze the effects of space charge in FBTs and show there are both linear and nonlinear forces and effects. The linear effects can be compensated by retuning the FBT and by adding additional quadrupole elements. The nonlinear effects lead to an ultimate dilution of the lower recovered emittance and may lead to an eventual power limitation for high-frequency traveling-wave tubes and other vacuum electron devices.
Quantum circuit architectures via quantum observable Markov decision process planning
Authors: Kimura Tomoaki , Shiba Kodai , Chen Chih-Chieh , Sogabe Masaru , Sakamoto Katsuyoshi , Sogabe Tomah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Algorithms for designing quantum circuit architectures are important steps toward practical quantum computing technology. Applying agent-based artificial intelligence methods for quantum circuit design could improve the efficiency of quantum circuits. We propose a quantum observable Markov decision process planning algorithm for quantum circuit design. Our algorithm does not require state tomography, and hence has low readout sample complexity. Numerical simulations for entangled states preparation and energy minimization are demonstrated. The results show that the proposed method can be used to design quantum circuits to prepare the state and to minimize the energy.
A continuum of physics-based lithium-ion battery models reviewed
Authors: Brosa Planella F , Ai W , Boyce A M , Ghosh A , Korotkin I , Sahu S , Sulzer V , Timms R , Tranter T G , Zyskin M , Cooper S J , Edge J S , Foster J M , Marinescu M , Wu B , Richardson G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Physics-based electrochemical battery models derived from porous electrode theory are a very powerful tool for understanding lithium-ion batteries, as well as for improving their design and management. Different model fidelity, and thus model complexity, is needed for different applications. For example, in battery design we can afford longer computational times and the use of powerful computers, while for real-time battery control (e.g. in electric vehicles) we need to perform very fast calculations using simple devices. For this reason, simplified models that retain most of the features at a lower computational cost are widely used. Even though in the literature we often find these simplified models posed independently, leading to inconsistencies between models, they can actually be derived from more complicated models using a unified and systematic framework. In this review, we showcase this reductive framework, starting from a high-fidelity microscale model and reducing it all the way down to the single particle model, deriving in the process other common models, such as the Doyle–Fuller–Newman model. We also provide a critical discussion on the advantages and shortcomings of each of the models, which can aid model selection for a particular application. Finally, we provide an overview of possible extensions to the models, with a special focus on thermal models. Any of these extensions could be incorporated into the microscale model and the reductive framework re-applied to lead to a new generation of simplified, multi-physics models.
Deep learning via message passing algorithms based on belief propagation
Authors: Lucibello Carlo , Pittorino Fabrizio , Perugini Gabriele , Zecchina Riccardo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Message-passing algorithms based on the belief propagation (BP) equations constitute a well-known distributed computational scheme. They yield exact marginals on tree-like graphical models and have also proven to be effective in many problems defined on loopy graphs, from inference to optimization, from signal processing to clustering. The BP-based schemes are fundamentally different from stochastic gradient descent (SGD), on which the current success of deep networks is based. In this paper, we present and adapt to mini-batch training on GPUs a family of BP-based message-passing algorithms with a reinforcement term that biases distributions towards locally entropic solutions. These algorithms are capable of training multi-layer neural networks with performance comparable to SGD heuristics in a diverse set of experiments on natural datasets including multi-class image classification and continual learning, while being capable of yielding improved performances on sparse networks. Furthermore, they allow to make approximate Bayesian predictions that have higher accuracy than point-wise ones.
Multifaceted analysis of nanotoxicity using primary cultured neurons
Authors: Kamikubo Yuji , Yamana Tomohito , Inoue Yuriko , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Various nanomaterials have been produced with the development of nanotechnology, some of which have been reported to have adverse effects on several types of cells, organs, and the environment. It has been suggested that some small nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain, which may be a potential cause of brain diseases. Neuronal cells are vulnerable to hypoxia, hypotrophy, and mechanical and oxidative stress. Therefore, it is essential to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles to neurons accurately. In this report, we describe a primary culture protocol to evaluate the toxicity of nanoparticles on neurons, a potential high-throughput method for assessing the cytotoxicity, and a method for evaluating the effect on neuronal maturation. This report assessed the toxicity of silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, and iron nanoparticles using rat hippocampal neurons, which are used frequently in pharmacological and physiological studies. Based on the methods and protocols we reported in this report, it may be possible to evaluate nanotoxicity to various neurons by using primary cultures of other brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, etc.), spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Probing into crystallography and morphology properties of MoS2 nanoflowers synthesized via temperature dependent hydrothermal method
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Siroha Piyush , Shankar Hari , Singh Davender , Sharma Yashpal , Kumar Rajesh , Ramovatar  , Yadav Navneet , Dey Kajal Kumar , Borkar Hitesh , Gangwar Jitendra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the formation of flower-like hierarchical molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles following a simple one-step hydrothermal process with varying temperatures (200 °C and 220 °C). The as-synthesized particles were examined crystallographically by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method which revealed the formation of hexagonal MoS2 (2H-MoS2) and that the crystallite size of the particles increased with increasing hydrothermal temperature. Surface morphological characteristics of the particles were investigated by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and interesting details were revealed such as the rounded 3D flower-like microstructure of the MoS2 particles and the petals of the flowers were composed of platelets built up by stacked-up MoS2 nanosheets. With the increase in hydrothermal temperature, the interlayer spacing of stacked layers of intense (002) plane is slightly decreased although the crystallinity of the material is improved. Both diameter and thickness of the nanoflowers and the nanoplatelets increased twice with increasing the temperatures. A visual crystallographic perspective was presented through simulation of 3D wireframe unit cell associated with the individual lattice planes as observed in the XRD pattern of the samples. In addition, a plausible growth mechanism is proposed for the formation of the obtained MoS2 nanoflowers on the basis of experimental observations and analysis.
Associative memories using complex-valued Hopfield networks based on spin-torque oscillator arrays
Authors: Prasad Nitin , Mukim Prashansa , Madhavan Advait , Stiles Mark D 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Simulations of complex-valued Hopfield networks based on spin-torque oscillators can recover phase-encoded images. Sequences of memristor-augmented inverters provide tunable delay elements that implement complex weights by phase shifting the oscillatory output of the oscillators. Pseudo-inverse training suffices to store at least 12 images in a set of 192 oscillators, representing 16 × 12 pixel images. The energy required to recover an image depends on the desired error level. For the oscillators and circuitry considered here, 5% root mean square deviations from the ideal image require approximately 5 μs and consume roughly 130 nJ. Simulations show that the network functions well when the resonant frequency of the oscillators can be tuned to have a fractional spread less than 10−3, depending on the strength of the feedback.
Low expression of exosomal miR-150 predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients after surgical resections
Authors: Zhang Yong , Liu Wen-Shuai , Zhang Xiang-Yu , Tong Han-Xing , Yang Hua , Liu Wei-Feng , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian , Hu Jie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Liver metastasis is a leading indicator of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomal intercellular communication has been reported to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Here, we characterized exosomal miRNAs underlying liver metastasis in CRC patients (Cohort 1, n = 30) using miRNA arrays. Exosomal miR-150 was found to be downregulated in CRC patients with liver metastases compared to those without (P = 0.025, fold change [FC] = 2.01). These results were then validated using another independent cohort of CRC patients (Cohort 2, n = 64). Patients with low expression of exosomal miR-150 had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time (33.3 months versus 43.3 months, P = 0.002). In addition, the low expression of exosomal miR-150 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor node metastasis staging (P = 0.013), higher CA199 level (P = 0.018), and the presence of liver metastasis (P = 0.048). Multivariate analysis showed that low expression of exosomal miR-150 (P = 0.035) and liver metastasis (P &lt; 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that the viability and invasion of CRC cells were both significantly suppressed by ExomiR-150. Target-prediction assessment and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that FTO (the fat mass and obesity-associated gene) was a direct target for miR-150. This study first demonstrated that exosomal miR-150 may be a potential prognostic factor and treatment target for CRC.
Malaria Transmission Dynamics in a High-Transmission Setting of Western Kenya and the Inadequate Treatment Response to Artemether-Lumefantrine in an Asymptomatic Population
Authors: Andagalu Ben , Watson Oliver J , Onyango Irene , Opot Benjamin , Okoth Raphael , Chemwor Gladys , Sifuna Peter , Juma Dennis , Cheruiyot Agnes , Yeda Redemptah , Okudo Charles , Wafubwa Jackline , Yalwala Santos , Abuom David , Ogutu Bernhards , Cowden Jessica , Akala Hoseah M , Kamau Edwin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssessing the infectious reservoir is critical in malaria control and elimination strategies. We conducted a longitudinal epidemiological study in a high-malaria-burden region in Kenya to characterize transmission in an asymptomatic population.Methods488 study participants encompassing all ages in 120 households within 30 clusters were followed for 1 year with monthly sampling. Malaria was diagnosed by microscopy and molecular methods. Transmission potential in gametocytemic participants was assessed using direct skin and/or membrane mosquito feeding assays, then treated with artemether-lumefantrine. Study variables were assessed using mixed-effects generalized linear models.ResultsAsexual and sexual parasite data were collected from 3792 participant visits, with 903 linked with feeding assays. Univariate analysis revealed that the 6–11-year-old age group was at higher risk of harboring asexual and sexual infections than those &lt;6 years old (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, P &lt; .001; and OR 1.81, P &lt; .001), respectively. Participants with submicroscopic parasitemia were at a lower risk of gametocytemia compared with microscopic parasitemia (OR 0.04, P &lt; .001), but they transmitted at a significantly higher rate (OR 2.00, P = .002). A large proportion of the study population who were infected at least once remained infected (despite treatment) with asexual (71.7%, 291/406) or sexual (37.4%, 152/406) parasites. 88.6% (365/412) of feeding assays conducted in individuals who failed treatment the previous month resulted in transmissions.ConclusionsIndividuals with asymptomatic infection sustain the transmission cycle, with the 6–11-year age group serving as an important reservoir. The high rates of artemether-lumefantrine treatment failures suggest surveillance programs using molecular methods need to be expanded for accurate monitoring and evaluation of treatment outcomes.
Motif importance measurement based on multi-attribute decision
Authors: Feng Biao , Yang Yunyun , Zhang Liao , Xue Shuhong , Xie Xinlin , Wang Jiianrong , Xie Gang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Complex network is an important tool for studying complex systems. From the mesoscopic perspective, the complex network is composed of a large number of different types of motifs, research on the importance of motifs is helpful to analyse the function and dynamics of a complex network. However, the importance of different motifs or the same kind of motifs in the network is different, and the importance of motifs is not only affected by a single factor. Therefore, we propose a comprehensive measurement method of motif importance based on multi-attribute decision-making (MAM). We use the idea of MAM and take into account the influence of the local attribute, global attribute and location attribute of the motif on the network structure and function, and the information entropy method is used to give different weight to different attributes, finally, a comprehensive importance measure of the motif is obtained. Experimental results on the artificial network and real networks show that our method is more direct and effective for a small network.
Case report: multi-modality imaging of a right ventricular fibroma in a teenager
Authors: Liu Yuexia , Shi Jiayao , Cen Huan , Sun Pengtao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiac fibroma is a rare primary benign tumour of the heart. It often causes arrhythmia, endangers the lives of patients, and has a worse prognosis than other benign tumours. We report a 14-year-old female patient with a right ventricular fibroma. Various preoperative imaging examinations showed that the lesion was benign, and postoperative pathology confirmed that the lesions were fibroma.

Case summary
A 14-year-old female patient visited her doctor for more than 5 months because of a heart murmur. Echocardiography revealed a slightly hyperechoic mass in the right ventricle, and on myocardial perfusion contrast imaging, the lesion showed equal enhancement. And the lesion also showed enhancement on contrast-enhanced gated cardiac computed tomography (CT). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart revealed that the lesion was isointense on T1-weighted image (T1WI), and isointense to slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted image (T2WI). The lesion was significantly homogeneously enhanced on a delayed enhancement scan. A positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) demonstrated that the mass showed lower levels of 18F-FDG uptake. These features suggested this lesion was a benign lesion. The postoperative pathology suggested the lesion was a right ventricular fibroma. The patient was discharged 14 days after surgery and remains disease-free and asymptomatic 14 months after surgery.

Discussion
Cardiac fibromas are histologically benign, but they can cause obstruction and malignant arrhythmia. The gold standard for diagnosing fibroma is pathology. However, in the absence of pathology, it is necessary to use various imaging methods to evaluate the lesions to distinguish between benign and malignant tumours.