bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a multicomponent day‐care program on cerebral blood flow in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Boku Youshun , Ota Miho , Nemoto Miyuki , Numata Yuriko , Kitabatake Ayako , Takahashi Takumi , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Tamura Masashi , Sekine Aya , Ide Masayuki , Kaneda Yuko , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase of dementia and is considered an important period for intervention to prevent conversion to dementia. It has been well established that multicomponent day‐care programs including exercise training, cognitive intervention and music therapy have beneficial effects on cognition, but the effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MCI remain unknown. This study examined whether a multicomponent day‐care program would have beneficial effects on the longitudinal changes of CBF in MCI patients.MethodsParticipants were 24 patients with MCI attending a day‐care program; they underwent two 99mTc‐ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography scans during the study period. We evaluated the association between the changes of regional cerebral blood flow and the attendance rate.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between the reduction of regional CBF in the right parietal region and the attendance rate. We found no significant relation between the baseline CBF images and the attendance rate.ConclusionsOur results suggest that continuous participation in a multicomponent day‐care program might prevent reduction in brain activity in patients with MCI.
UNIFYING ELLIPSIS AND PRONOMINALIZATION IN JORDANIAN ARABIC*
Authors: Alhailawani Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss ellipsis inside Jordanian Arabic (JA) DPs. I show that both Nominal Ellipsis (NE) and pronominalization are attested in JA. I argue following Saab & Lipták (2016) that ellipsis takes place at different heights in the extended nominal projection via the presence of an [E]llipsis feature (Merchant 2001, 2005). In particular, I argue that there are two types of ellipsis in the DP: Noun Phrase Ellipsis (NPE), which targets the noun alone; and (ii) Classifier Phrase Ellipsis (ClPE), which targets a bigger structure than the noun. I show that the application of NPE gives rise to a stranded affix scenario, and as such, an anaphoric element is inserted as a last resort strategy, yielding pronominalization. By contrast, no such stranding takes place with ClPE since the head which contains the stranded affix is contained in the ellipsis site. In support of this view, I analyze ellipsis inside simple DPs and DPs containing numerals, showing that ellipsis could be NPE or ClPE.
JA‐induced FtBPM3 accumulation promotes FtERF‐EAR3 degradation and rutin biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat
Authors: Ding Mengqi , He Yuqi , Zhang Kaixuan , Li Jinbo , Shi Yaliang , Zhao Mengyu , Meng Yu , Georgiev Milen I. , Zhou Meiliang 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYBuckwheat accumulates abundant flavonoids, which exhibit excellent health‐promoting value. Flavonoids biosynthesis is mediated by a variety of phytohormones, among which jasmonates (JAs) induce numerous transcription factors, taking part in regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis genes. However, some transcriptional repressors appeared also induced by JAs. How these transcriptional repressors coordinately participate in JA signaling remains unclear. Here, we found that the disruption of the GCC‐box in FtF3H promoter was associated with flavonoids accumulation in Tartary buckwheat. Further, our study illustrated that the nucleus‐localized FtERF‐EAR3 could inhibit FtF3H expression and flavonoids biosynthesis through binding the GCC‐box in the promoter of FtF3H. The JA induced FtERF‐EAR3 gene expression while facilitating FtERF‐EAR3 protein degradation via the FtBPM3‐dependent 26S proteasome pathway. Overall, these results illustrate a precise modulation mechanism of JA‐responsive transcription suppressor participating in flavonoid biosynthesis, and will further help to improve the efficiency of flavonoids biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat.
Multi‐omics analysis of xylem sap uncovers dynamic modulation of poplar defenses by ammonium and nitrate
Authors: Kasper Karl , Abreu Ilka N. , Feussner Kirstin , Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Herrfurth Cornelia , Ischebeck Till , Janz Dennis , Majcherczyk Andrzej , Schmitt Kerstin , Valerius Oliver , Braus Gerhard H. , Feussner Ivo , Polle Andrea 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYXylem sap is the major transport route for nutrients from roots to shoots. In the present study, we investigated how variations in nitrogen (N) nutrition affected the metabolome and proteome of xylem sap and the growth of the xylem endophyte Brennaria salicis, and we also report transcriptional re‐wiring of leaf defenses in poplar (Populus × canescens). We supplied poplars with high, intermediate or low concentrations of ammonium or nitrate. We identified 288 unique proteins in xylem sap. Approximately 85% of the xylem sap proteins were shared among ammonium‐ and nitrate‐supplied plants. The number of proteins increased with increasing N supply but the major functional categories (catabolic processes, cell wall‐related enzymes, defense) were unaffected. Ammonium nutrition caused higher abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates, whereas nitrate caused higher malate levels in xylem sap. Pipecolic acid and N‐hydroxy‐pipecolic acid increased, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonoyl‐isoleucine decreased, with increasing N nutrition. Untargeted metabolome analyses revealed 2179 features in xylem sap, of which 863 were differentially affected by N treatments. We identified 124 metabolites, mainly from specialized metabolism of the groups of salicinoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and benzoates. Their abundances increased with decreasing N, except coumarins. Brennaria salicis growth was reduced in nutrient‐supplemented xylem sap of low‐ and high‐ NO3−‐fed plants compared to that of NH4+‐fed plants. The drastic changes in xylem sap composition caused massive changes in the transcriptional landscape of leaves and recruited defenses related to systemic acquired and induced systemic resistance. Our study uncovers unexpected complexity and variability of xylem composition with consequences for plant defenses.
Optimal Control of Active Cell Balancing for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack With Constraints on Cells’ Current and Temperature
Authors: Van Chi Nguyen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cell balancing control for Li-ion battery pack plays an important role in the battery management system. It contributes to maintaining the maximum usable capacity, extending the cycle life of cells, and preventing overheating and thermal runaway during operation. This paper presents an optimal control of active cell balancing for serially connected battery pack that maintains the cell’s current and temperature in a suitable range during the equalizing process. Using the cell-to-cell balancing circuit based on CuK converter for two adjacent cells, the state of charge (SoC) and temperature dynamic of cells in the pack are modeled. Then, the optimal control problem for active cell balancing is established with constraints on cells’ current and temperature. The solution of this nonlinear optimal problem solved using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is the optimal duty fed to the cell balancing circuits. The experimental test is applied to the battery pack of seven Samsung cells connected in series, and the reliable and efficient results show that the cell balancing process takes place shortly and adaptively depending on the discharge/charge current of the pack, the desired temperature increasing limit, and technical constraints of balancing circuits.
Effect of Gamma Radiation on Cytogenetic and Growth Endpoints of Allium cepa Seedlings in Long-Term Experiments
Authors: Bolsunovsky A. Ya. , Trofimova E. A. , Zueva A. V. , Dementyev D. V. , Petrichenkov M. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effect of γ-radiation on the growth and cytogenetic endpoints ofAllium cepaL. seedlings in a long period after irradiation in absorbed doses from 1.0 to 10.7 Gy were examined. The chromosome aberration rate was most sensitive to the radiation: it increased immediately after exposure at all doses. In the recovery period (up to 216 h) after irradiation, the chromosome aberration frequency naturally decreased but at the end of experiment in maximum doses remained above the control values. The impact of the initial level of chromosome aberrations on the inhibition of onion roots growth in the long terms after irradiation is discussed.
The Prognostic Significance of Spliceosomal Proteins for Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Larionova T. D. , Kovalenko T. F. , Shakhparonov M. I. , Pavlyukov M. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive human cancers. Earlier, our group have demonstrated that alternative RNA splicing plays an important role in the regulation of the GBM phenotype. To continue this study, we analyzed the type of RNA splicing and the expression levels of the spliceosomal genes in a large number of tumor tissue samples and patient-derived GBM sphere lines. We demonstrated that the expression level of splicing factors allows dividing GBM patients into groups with different survival prognosis and also reflects the phenotype of the tumor. In addition, we identified the alternative splicing events that may regulate the GBM phenotype. Finally, we for the first time compared the expression profiles of the spliceosomal genes in different regions of the same tumor and identified splicing factors whose expression most significantly correlates with GBM patients’ survival. Aforementioned data emphasize the important role of pre-mRNA splicing in GBM progression.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lipid Extracts of Echinoderms in the Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea)
Authors: Obukhova E. S. , Rozhina A. M. , Voronin V. P. , Dgebuadze P. Yu. , Murzina S. A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The obtained results on the study of the antimicrobial activity of lipid extracts of tissues of starfishes Linckia laevigata and Culcita novaeguineae and sea urchin Diadema setosum collected in the Nhatrang Bay (South China Sea) against nosocomial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida sp., Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus are presented. The effect of the investigated extracts on Gram-positive, Gram-negative microorganisms, as well as yeast of the genus Candida, was determined. It was found that lipid extracts of echinoderms of the Nhatrang Bay exhibit the highest antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive microorganisms, namely Streptococcus pyogenes.
Ultrasound-guided selective trunk block (SeTB): a cadaver anatomic study to evaluate the spread of dye after a simulated injection
Authors: Songthamwat Banchobporn , Luangjarmekorn Pobe , Kampitak Wirinaree , Sivakumar Ranjith Kumar , Karmakar Manoj Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background and objectivesRecent reports suggest that a selective trunk block (SeTB) can produce sensorimotor blockade of the entire upper extremity, except for the T2 dermatome. There are no data demonstrating the anatomic mechanism of SeTB. This cadaver study aimed to evaluate the spread of an injectate after a simulated ultrasound-guided (USG) SeTB.MethodsUSG SeTB (n=7) was performed on both sides of the neck in four adult human cadavers with 25 mL of 0.1% methylene blue dye. Anatomic dissection was performed to document staining (deep, faint, and no stain) of the various elements of the brachial plexus from the level of the roots to the cords, including the phrenic, dorsal scapular, and long thoracic nerves. Only structures that were deeply stained were defined as being affected by the SeTB.ResultsAll the trunks and divisions of the brachial plexus, as well as the ventral rami of C5–C7 and suprascapular nerve, were deeply stained in all (100%) the simulated injections. The ventral rami of C8 and T1 (86%), dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerve (71%), and the phrenic nerve (57%) were also deeply stained in a substantial number of the injections.ConclusionThis cadaver study demonstrates that an USG SeTB consistently affects all the trunks and divisions of the brachial plexus, as well as the suprascapular nerve. This study also establishes that SeTB may not be phrenic nerve sparing. Future research to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SeTB as an all-purpose brachial plexus block technique for upper extremity surgery is warranted.Trial registration numberRegistered athttps://www.thaiclinicaltrials.orgon December 13, 2021 under the trial registration number TCTR20211213005.
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections among vaccinated individuals with rheumatic disease: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registry
Authors: Liew Jean , Gianfrancesco Milena , Harrison Carly , Izadi Zara , Rush Stephanie , Lawson-Tovey Saskia , Jacobsohn Lindsay , Ja Clairissa , Hyrich Kimme L , Gossec Laure , Strangfeld Anja , Carmona Loreto , Schäfer Martin , Frãzao-Mateus Elsa , Bulina Inita , Stafford Frances , Tufan Abdurrahman , Graver Christine , Yardımcı Gözde Kübra , Zepa Julija , Al Emadi Samar , Cook Claire , Abutiban Fatemah , Dey Dfiza , Katigbak Genevieve , Kaufman Lauren , Kowalski Emily , Martínez-Martínez Marco Ulises , Patel Naomi J , Reyes-Cordero Greta , Salido Evelyn , Smith Ellison , Snow David , Sparks Jeffrey , Wise Leanna , Bhana Suleman , Gore-Massy Monique , Grainger Rebecca , Hausmann Jonathan , Sirotich Emily , Sufka Paul , Wallace Zachary , Machado Pedro M , Robinson Philip C , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveWhile COVID-19 vaccination prevents severe infections, poor immunogenicity in immunocompromised people threatens vaccine effectiveness. We analysed the clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatic disease who developed breakthrough COVID-19 after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.MethodsWe included people partially or fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 who developed COVID-19 between 5 January and 30 September 2021 and were reported to the Global Rheumatology Alliance registry. Breakthrough infections were defined as occurring ≥14 days after completion of the vaccination series, specifically 14 days after the second dose in a two-dose series or 14 days after a single-dose vaccine. We analysed patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in 197 partially or fully vaccinated people with rheumatic disease (mean age 54 years, 77% female, 56% white). The majority (n=140/197, 71%) received messenger RNA vaccines. Among the fully vaccinated (n=87), infection occurred a mean of 112 (±60) days after the second vaccine dose. Among those fully vaccinated and hospitalised (n=22, age range 36–83 years), nine had used B cell-depleting therapy (BCDT), with six as monotherapy, at the time of vaccination. Three were on mycophenolate. The majority (n=14/22, 64%) were not taking systemic glucocorticoids. Eight patients had pre-existing lung disease and five patients died.ConclusionMore than half of fully vaccinated individuals with breakthrough infections requiring hospitalisation were on BCDT or mycophenolate. Further risk mitigation strategies are likely needed to protect this selected high-risk population.
Bug-Transformer: Automated Program Repair Using Attention-Based Deep Neural Network
Authors: Yao Jie , Rao Bingbing , Xing Weiwei , Wang Liqiang 
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we propose a novel transformer-based deep neural network model to learn semantic bug patterns from a corpus of buggy/fixed codes, then generate correct ones automatically. Transformer is a deep learning model relying entirely on attention mechanism to model global dependencies between input and output. Although there are a few endeavors to repair programs by learning neural language models (NLM), many special program properties, such as structure and semantics of an identifier, are not considered in embedding input sequence and designing model effectively, which results in undesired performance. In the proposed Bug-Transformer, we design a novel context abstraction mechanism to better support neural language models. Specifically, it is capable of 1) compressing code information but preserving the key structure and semantics, which provides more thorough information for NLM models, 2) renaming identifiers and literals based on their lexical scopes, structural and semantic information, to reduce code vocabulary size and 3) reserving keywords and selected idioms (domain- or developer-specific vocabularies) for better understanding code structure and semantics. Hence, Bug-Transformer adequately embeds code structural and semantic information into input data and optimize attention-based transformer neural network to well handle code features in order to improve learning tasks for bug repair. We evaluate the performance of the proposed work comprehensively on three datasets (Java code corpora) and generate patches to buggy code using a beam search decoder. The experimental results show that our proposed work outperforms the-state-of-art techniques: Bug-Transformer can successfully predict 54.81%, 34.45%, and 42.40% of the fixed code in these three datasets, respectively, which outperform the baseline models. These success rates steadily increase along with the increase of beam size. Besides, the overall syntactic correctness of all patches remains above 97%, 96%, and 50% on the three benchmarks, respectively, regardless of the beam size.
Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)
Authors: Esmaeili Noah , Hosseini Hossein , Zare Mahyar , Akhavan Sobhan R. , Rombenso Artur 
Published: May 2022

Early-life exposure to mild stressors can assist animals in coping with more stressful events in later life. This study was aimed at investigating how early stress and dietary lipid contents affect growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, immunological responses, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress responses of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) (

6.8
±
0.7

g). Six experimental treatments were HL0Stress (high-lipid diet and without stress), HL2Stresses (high-lipid diet and two-week stress), HL4Stresses (high-lipid diet and four-week stress), LL0Stress (low-lipid diet and without stress), LL2Stresses (low-lipid diet and two-week stress), and LL4Stresses (low-lipid diet and four-week stress). During the ten-week trial, fish fed high-lipid diets grew faster (

46.41
±
4.67

vs.

38.81
±
2.81

) and had a lower feed conversion ratio (2.21 vs. 2.60) than those fed low-lipid diets (

P
<
0.05

). After acute confinement stress (AC stress), high-lipid groups had higher survival than low-lipid treatments (81.25% vs 72.92%) (

P
<
0.05

). Fish subjected to two-time stress (2Stresses) had a higher survival rate after AC stress (90.63% vs. 62.50%), hematocrit, white blood cell, blood performance, total protein, high-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglyceride, alternative complement activity (ACH50), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase levels than those not stressed (

P
<
0.05

). Contrariwise, glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the 2Stresses groups compared with 0Stress fish (

P
<
0.05

). Collectively, these findings suggest stressing the signs of adaptation in 2Stresses fish. However, a higher number of early stress events (4Stresses) appears to exceed the threshold of manageable stress levels for this species. In conclusion, the HL2Stresses group outperformed the other treatments in terms of growth, health status, and stress responsiveness. Although fish welfare must be considered, these results suggest that early mild stress can result in a greater survival rate after fish are exposed to later acute stress.
Prior Freezing Has Minimal Impact on the Contractile Properties of Permeabilized Human Myocardium
Authors: Milburn Gregory N. , Moonschi Faruk , White Ashley M. , Thompson Mindy , Thompson Katherine , Birks Emma J. , Campbell Kenneth S. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Experiments measuring the contractile properties of human myocardium are important for translational research but complicated by the logistical difficulties of acquiring specimens. Accordingly, many groups perform contractile assays using samples that are acquired from patients at one institution and shipped to another institution for experiments. This necessitates freezing the samples and performing subsequent assays using chemically permeabilized preparations. It is unknown how prior freezing affects the contractile function of these preparations.

Methods and Results

To examine the effects of freezing we measured the contractile function of never‐frozen and previously frozen myocardial samples. Samples of left ventricular tissue were obtained from 7 patients who were having a ventricular assist device implanted. Half of each sample was chemically permeabilized and used immediately for contractile assays. The other half of the sample was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and maintained at –180 °C for at least 6 months before being thawed and tested in a second series of experiments. Maximum isometric force measured in pCa 4.5 solution, passive force measured in pCa 9.0 solution, and Hill coefficients were not influenced by prior freezing (
P
=0.07,
P
=0.14, and
P
=0.27 respectively). pCa
50
in never‐frozen samples (6.11±0.04) was statistically greater (
P
<0.001) than that measured after prior freezing (5.99±0.04) but the magnitude of the effect was only ≈0.1 pCa units.

Conclusions
We conclude that prior freezing has minimal impact on the contractile properties that can be measured using chemically permeabilized human myocardium.
Remnant Cholesterol Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Gao Side , Xu Haobo , Ma Wenjian , Yuan Jiansong , Yu Mengyue 
Published: May 2022

Background
Remnant cholesterol (RC) has been reported to promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Yet little is known regarding the RC‐related residual risk in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries.

Methods and Results

A total of 1179 patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries were enrolled and divided according to median level of RC calculated as non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all‐cause death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Kaplan‐Meier, Cox regression, and receiver‐operating characteristic analyses were used. Patients with higher median level of RC had a significantly higher incidence of MACEs (16.9% versus 11.5%;
P
=0.009) over the median follow‐up of 41.7 months. High RC levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs after adjustment for multiple clinically relevant variables (per 1 SD increase, hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 1.12–2.31;
P
=0.009). Elevated RC also contributed to residual risk beyond conventional lipid parameters. Moreover, RC had an area under the curve of 0.61 for MACE prediction. When adding RC to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score, the combined model yielded a significant improvement in discrimination for MACEs.

Conclusions
Elevated RC was closely associated with poor outcomes after MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries independent of traditional risk factors, indicating the utility of RC for risk stratification and a rationale for targeted RC‐lowering trials in patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries.