bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of a New Controlled Focal Septa Release Cellulite Reduction Method
Authors: Stevens W Grant , Kaminer Michael S , Fabi Sabrina G , Fan Larry 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Cellulite is the dimpled appearance of skin that commonly occurs on the buttocks and thighs of postpubertal women. Cellulite can be emotionally distressing, causing many individuals to seek medical attention. A previous first-in-human study established the safety and feasibility of a novel minimally invasive method for selectively identifying and manually releasing the specific septa responsible for causing cellulite depressions in a precise manner.

Objectives
The objective of this open-label, multicenter study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of this method for reducing the appearance of moderate and severe cellulite in adult women.

Methods
Female patients (n = 20) 21 to 55 years old with a BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2 with moderate or severe cellulite on the buttocks and/or thighs were enrolled at 4 clinics. Patients were evaluated on posttreatment Days 7, 30, 120, and 180. The primary endpoint was a mean ≥1-point reduction in the Cellulite Severity Scale at 180 days.

Results
Most patients (n = 18, 95%) achieved the primary endpoint. All patients (n = 19, 100%) were rated as much improved or very much improved in Cellulite Severity Scale scores. Adverse events and investigator findings were mild and transient, and none were unexpected.

Conclusions
A novel method for selectively identifying and manually releasing the specific septa responsible for causing cellulite depressions in a precise manner is a safe and effective means for improving the appearance of moderate and severe cellulite in adult women with a wide variety of skin types.

Level of Evidence: 4
Awake Plastic Surgery Procedures: The Use of a Sufentanil Sublingual Tablet to Improve Patient Experience
Authors: Seify Hisham 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Awake plastic surgery performed under minimal sedation has advantages including patient preference, affordability, and easier recovery compared to when performed under deeper sedation. Commonly used oral analgesics may not be adequate for awake procedures resulting in moderate to severe pain. Sufentanil sublingual tablet (SST) 30 mcg has been shown to provide timely analgesia with a safety profile appropriate for minimal-sedation settings.

Objectives
To examine perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent awake plastic surgery with local anesthesia and SST 30 mcg for pain control.

Methods
This study was a prospective single-group cohort study conducted at a single plastic surgery center. SST 30 mcg was administered approximately 30 minutes prior to the procedure. Outcome measures included the number of patients with adverse events, the number of patients requiring medications in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and recovery time.

Results
Among the 31 patients, the most common procedures were liposuction (71%), facelift (10%), and blepharoplasty (6%). The mean (± standard error [SE]) procedural duration was 81 ± 9 minutes. No vital sign instability or oxygen desaturation was observed. Three patients (10%) experienced nausea, only one of which required treatment with oral ondansetron 4 mg in the PACU. One patient (3%) experienced dizziness that did not require treatment. No patients required opioids or other analgesics in the PACU for pain. The mean (±SE) recovery time was 15 ± 4 minutes.

Conclusions
Awake plastic surgery can be performed using SST 30 mcg with minimal side effects and a rapid recovery time.

Level of Evidence: 4
A Single-Center Study Evaluating the Effects of a Novel Retinol and Cannabidiol Combination Topical on Facial Skin
Authors: Few Julius , Lee Michael J , Semersky Alec , Mariscal Emily , Vachon Ginny 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
While retinol is known to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, it is associated with irritating effects. However, when combined with water soluble cannabidiol (CBD; CR Topical), CBD may act to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, mitigating irritation from retinol and further improving the skin’s appearance through independent anti-aging mechanisms.

Objectives
To assess the efficacy and tolerability of CR-Topical for improving facial skin.

Methods
In this prospective, single-center pilot study, 9 female patients and one male patient aged 20 to 53 years who presented with facial skin imperfections (visible pores, dehydration, roughness, and/or static/dynamic wrinkles) applied CR-Topical to the entire face once daily for 42 days. Outcomes were measured on days 1, 21, and 42 using the Global Ranking Scale (GRS) with Comprehensive Skin Analysis by the patient and senior investigator as well as by a blinded reviewer (board-certified plastic surgeon). Dynamic videos and static imagery were taken before and after treatment, and patient satisfaction surveys were completed.

Results
Global improvement across all 13 domains was observed, with the greatest mean differences for visible pores (2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.5), dehydration (2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.6), surface roughness (1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4), static wrinkles (1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5), and dynamic wrinkles (1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-2.3). Patient satisfaction (100%) and willingness to recommend the product to others (90%) were high, and tolerability of CR-Topical was excellent.

Conclusions
CR-Topical is effective at improving global skin quality, including static and dynamic wrinkles. This study also used 4-dimensional analysis in the evaluation, a novel and developing method.

Level of Evidence: 4
What is cultural evolution anyway?
Authors: Micheletti Alberto J C , Brandl Eva , Mace Ruth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The term cultural evolution has become popular in the evolutionary human sciences, but it is often unclear what is meant by it. This is generating confusion and misconceptions that are hindering progress in the field. These include the claim that behavioral ecology disregards culture. We argue that these misunderstandings are caused by the unhelpful use of term cultural evolution to identify both a phenomenon—culture changing through time—and a theory to explain it—the potential role of cultural transmission biases in driving this change. We illustrate this point by considering recently published influential studies and opinion pieces. If we are to avoid confusion, the term cultural evolution is best reserved to identify the phenomenon of cultural change. This helps clarify that human behavioral ecologists do not disregard culture, but instead have studied its evolution from the very beginning. Different approaches to the study of human behavior can coexist and complement each other in the framework offered by Tinbergen’s four evolutionary questions. Clarifying key terms is crucial to achieve this synthesis.
Plotgardener: cultivating precise multi-panel figures in R
Authors: Kramer Nicole E , Davis Eric S , Wenger Craig D , Deoudes Erika M , Parker Sarah M , Love Michael I , Phanstiel Douglas H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
The R programming language is one of the most widely used programming languages for transforming raw genomic datasets into meaningful biological conclusions through analysis and visualization, which has been largely facilitated by infrastructure and tools developed by the Bioconductor project. However, existing plotting packages rely on relative positioning and sizing of plots, which is often sufficient for exploratory analysis but is poorly suited for the creation of publication-quality multi-panel images inherent to scientific manuscript preparation.

Results
We present plotgardener, a coordinate-based genomic data visualization package that offers a new paradigm for multi-plot figure generation in R. Plotgardener allows precise, programmatic control over the placement, esthetics and arrangements of plots while maximizing user experience through fast and memory-efficient data access, support for a wide variety of data and file types, and tight integration with the Bioconductor environment. Plotgardener also allows precise placement and sizing of ggplot2 plots, making it an invaluable tool for R users and data scientists from virtually any discipline.

Availability and implementation
Package: https://bioconductor.org/packages/plotgardener, Code: https://github.com/PhanstielLab/plotgardener, Documentation: https://phanstiellab.github.io/plotgardener/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phenotypic diversity, population genetics and interspecific relationships of the Neotropical banded peacock butterfly Anartia fatima (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae)
Authors: Pfeiler Edward , Nazario-Yepiz Nestor O , Hernández-Cervantes Pablo Luis , Markow Therese Ann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The banded peacock butterfly, Anartia fatima (Fabricius), is common in Mexico and Central America and has emerged as a model organism for studies on the genetics of insect speciation. Currently there are two recognized subspecies, Anartia fatima fatima (Fabricius) found throughout Central America, eastern Mexico and southern USA, and Anartia fatima colima Lamas from western Mexico. Here we analyse wing maculation of A. fatima throughout its range and confirm diagnostic geographic differences in morphology that support recognition of the two subspecies. Genetic analyses of mitochondrial COI barcodes obtained from the nominate subspecies provide evidence of a significant population expansion beginning in the Pleistocene. The haplotype network of A. fatima (combined subspecies) reveals a single main COI haplotype and 11 minor haplotypes (haplotype diversity = 0.520). We found that the absence of a black spot in hindwing cell M1 of the congeneric Anartia chrysopelea Hübner and Anartia lytrea (Godart), and its presence in Anartia fatima, Anartia amathea (Linnaeus) and A. jatrophae (Linnaeus), represents a phenotype character that correlates with previously published and unexpected phylogenetic results and provides insight into the evolution of the genus Anartia.
Integrating Social Justice into Higher Education Conservation Science
Authors: Montgomery Robert A , Pointer Abigail M , Jingo Sophia , Kasozi Herbert , Ogada Mordecai , Mudumba Tutilo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Because biodiversity loss has largely been attributed to human actions, people, particularly those in the Global South, are regularly depicted as threats to conservation. This context has facilitated rapid growth in green militarization, with fierce crackdowns against real or perceived environmental offenders. We designed an undergraduate course to assess student perspectives on biodiversity conservation and social justice and positioned those students to contribute to a human heritage-centered conservation (HHCC) initiative situated in Uganda. We evaluated changes in perspectives using pre- and postcourse surveys and reflection instruments. Although the students started the course prioritizing biodiversity conservation, even when it was costly to human well-being, by the end of the course, they were recognizing and remarking on the central importance of social justice within conservation. We present a framework for further integration of HHCC approaches into higher education courses so as to conserve the integrity of coupled human and natural systems globally.
ZBTB11 dysfunction: spectrum of brain abnormalities, biochemical signature and cellular consequences
Authors: Sumathipala Dulika , Strømme Petter , Fattahi Zohreh , Lüders Torben , Sheng Ying , Kahrizi Kimia , Einarsen Ingunn Holm , Sloan Jennifer L , Najmabadi Hossein , van den Heuvel Lambert , Wevers Ron A , Guerrero-Castillo Sergio , Mørkrid Lars , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Backe Paul Hoff , Venditti Charles P , van Karnebeek Clara D , Nilsen Hilde , Frengen Eirik , Misceo Doriana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in ZBTB11 have been associated with intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 69 (MRT69; OMIM 618383). We report five patients from three families with novel, bi-allelic variants in ZBTB11. We have expanded the clinical phenotype of MRT69, documenting varied severity of atrophy affecting different brain regions and described combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria as a biochemical manifestation.
As ZBTB11 encodes for a transcriptional regulator, we performeded chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing targeting ZBTB11 in fibroblasts from patients and controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing revealed binding of wild-type ZBTB11 to promoters in 238 genes, among which genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial functions and RNA processing are over-represented. Mutated ZBTB11 showed reduced binding to 61 of the targeted genes, indicating that the variants act as loss of function. Most of these genes are related to mitochondrial functions. Transcriptome analysis of the patient fibroblasts revealed dysregulation of mitochondrial functions. In addition, we uncovered that reduced binding of the mutated ZBTB11 to ACSF3 leads to decreased ACSF3 transcript level, explaining combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria.
Collectively, these results expand the clinical spectrum of ZBTB11-related neurological disease and give insight into the pathophysiology in which the dysfunctional ZBTB11 affect mitochondrial functions and RNA processing contributing to the neurological and biochemical phenotypes.
Age differences in the functional architecture of the human brain
Authors: Setton Roni , Mwilambwe-Tshilobo Laetitia , Girn Manesh , Lockrow Amber W , Baracchini Giulia , Hughes Colleen , Lowe Alexander J , Cassidy Benjamin N , Li Jian , Luh Wen-Ming , Bzdok Danilo , Leahy Richard M , Ge Tian , Margulies Daniel S , Misic Bratislav , Bernhardt Boris C , Stevens W Dale , De Brigard Felipe , Kundu Prantik , Turner Gary R , Spreng R Nathan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic functional organization of the brain changes into older adulthood. Age differences are observed at multiple spatial scales, from global reductions in modularity and segregation of distributed brain systems, to network-specific patterns of dedifferentiation. Whether dedifferentiation reflects an inevitable, global shift in brain function with age, circumscribed, experience-dependent changes, or both, is uncertain. We employed a multimethod strategy to interrogate dedifferentiation at multiple spatial scales. Multi-echo (ME) resting-state fMRI was collected in younger (n = 181) and older (n = 120) healthy adults. Cortical parcellation sensitive to individual variation was implemented for precision functional mapping of each participant while preserving group-level parcel and network labels. ME-fMRI processing and gradient mapping identified global and macroscale network differences. Multivariate functional connectivity methods tested for microscale, edge-level differences. Older adults had lower BOLD signal dimensionality, consistent with global network dedifferentiation. Gradients were largely age-invariant. Edge-level analyses revealed discrete, network-specific dedifferentiation patterns in older adults. Visual and somatosensory regions were more integrated within the functional connectome; default and frontoparietal control network regions showed greater connectivity; and the dorsal attention network was more integrated with heteromodal regions. These findings highlight the importance of multiscale, multimethod approaches to characterize the architecture of functional brain aging.
#SoMe the Money! Value, Strategy, and Implementation of Social Media Engagement for Infectious Diseases Trainees, Clinicians, and Divisions
Authors: Cawcutt Kelly A , Marcelin Jasmine R , Cortés-Penfield Nicolás , Cutrell James B , Dong Sara W , Mahoney Monica V , McCarty Todd P , Mediwala Hornback Krutika , Titanji Boghuma K , Woc-Colburn Laila E , Schwartz Ilan S 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial media platforms have revolutionized how we consume information, along with how to effectively present communication, education, and advocacy efforts. There is profound value in leveraging social media within these aspects for the field of infectious diseases, for divisions and individual clinicians. Herein, we provide the rationale to incorporate social media as a key competency for infectious diseases training and specific guidance on aspects of education and strategic development of new accounts critical for success.
Associations of HIV and Depression With Incident Diabetes Mellitus: Veterans Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Bourgi Kassem , Kundu Suman , Stewart Jesse C , So-Armah Kaku , Freiberg Matthew , Gupta Samir K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) are at increasingly higher risk for metabolic complications, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Additionally, depression is highly prevalent among PWH and has been associated with increased risk for DM in the general population. However, the association of HIV and depression with incident DM has not been well established.

Methods
Using the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), we selected adults with and without HIV who did not have DM at baseline. Prevalent depression was defined as having a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of ≥ 10. Incident DM was identified using validated Kelly’s criteria. Basic clinical and demographic characteristics were collected, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were run to test the association between depression and incident DM stratified by HIV serostatus.

Results
A total of 5722 participants were analyzed, 2886 (53%) had HIV and 1124 (20%) had depression at baseline. In total, 1235 (22%) participants developed incident DM during follow-up, with 26% of HIV-negative participants developing DM compared to 17% of participants with HIV. Depression was significantly associated with increased risk of incident DM among HIV-negative participants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.31; P value .003) but not among participants with HIV (aHR 1.09; P value .44). However, among participants with HIV with baseline viral load &lt; 500 copies/mL, we noted a stronger association between depression and incident DM.

Conclusions
Incident DM in the VACS cohort is significantly higher for HIV-negative participants compared to veterans with HIV. A significant association between depression and incident DM was noted among HIV-negative participants but not among those with HIV.
Management of eosinophilic esophagitis associated food impaction in Europe and the United States
Authors: Schreiner Philipp , Safroneeva Ekaterina , Schoepfer Alain , Greuter Thomas , Biedermann Luc , Schlag Christoph , Labenz Joachim , Auth Marcus K H , Bredenoord Albert J , Chang Joy W , Bonis Peter A , Rothenberg Marc E , Collins Margaret H , Hirano Ikuo , Gupta Sandeep K , Katzka David A , Dellon Evan S , Straumann Alex , Furuta Glenn T , Gonsalves Nirmala 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is the most common cause of esophageal food impaction (EFI). Approaches to management of EFI due to EoE have not been well characterized. We conducted a web-based survey to understand approaches to management of EFI due to EoE among endoscopists. Questions focused on management of patients from presentation to post-endoscopy follow-up. The survey was administered to a list of eligible candidates provided by societies of gastroenterology. A total of 308 endoscopists completed the questionnaire. The majority (83%) practiced in Europe and treated adults (78%). Most agreed patients should be advised to seek emergency care (66%) within 1 to 2 hours (41% agreement). There was agreement that medications to induce vomiting should be avoided (84%) and that blood tests or imaging studies were usually not required before endoscopy. By contrast, there was more variability in the type of sedation recommended and the need for endotracheal intubation, especially when comparing more experienced with less experienced EoE-endoscopists. Overall, fewer than half (43%) respondents recommended obtaining esophageal biopsies during the initial endoscopy. However, there were significant differences in the proportion who recommended biopsies based on level of EoE-experience (25, 52, 77%, P &lt; 0.001; less vs. moderate vs. very experienced) and comparing pediatric and adult endoscopists (32, vs. 79%, P &lt; 0.001; adult vs. pediatric). There exists heterogeneity among endoscopists in recommendations to manage EFI in patients with EoE. These findings support development of clinical guidelines and new studies to clarify the rationale for best practices.
Key summary: Established knowledge—The optimal management of patients with esophageal food impaction due to eosinophilic esophagitis from presentation at the emergency department to postendoscopy care is unclear.
New findings—Considerable recommendation variation exists in the management of EFI in patients with EoE. Our findings provide a rationale for the creation of consensus practice guidelines and further study into best practices.
Ustekinumab in Crohn’s Disease: New Data for Positioning in Treatment Algorithm
Authors: D’Amico Ferdinando , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe treatment of patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease [CD] is still challenging. Therapeutic options include steroids, immunosuppressants, anti-TNFα agents, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab. Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody blocking the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. It showed to be effective and safe in randomised clinical trials and real-life studies and is currently approved for the management of CD patients who are naive to biologics and those who have already been treated with such medications. However, to date, a detailed and approved therapeutic algorithm is not available. The aim of this review is to report the most recent and updated data on the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe CD and to define the optimal management of these patients.
Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Contributes to Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease Through the ATX–LPA Axis
Authors: Huang Liangyu , Qian Wenwei , Xu Yihan , Guo Zhen , Yin Yi , Guo Feilong , Zhu Weiming , Li Yi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Intestinal fibrostenosis is an important cause of surgical intervention in patients with Crohn’s disease [CD]. Hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue [MAT] is associated with the disease process of CD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of MAT to intestinal fibrosis.

Methods
MAT from surgical specimens of fibrostenotic CD patients and controls was collected for measurement of the levels of autotaxin [ATX] and lysophosphatidic acid [LPA]. ATX was inhibited in vivo in DNBS [dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid]-induced colitis mice, which were evaluated for colonic inflammation and fibrosis. 3T3-L1 cells and primary colonic fibroblasts were used in vitro to investigate the interaction between MAT and intestinal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction.

Results
MAT adjacent to the fibrostenotic intestine in CD patients showed an activated ATX–LPA axis. An in vivo study indicated that inhibition of ATX was associated with the improvement of morphology and function of diseased MAT, which was combined with ameliorated intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in DNBS-instilled mice. In vitro studies showed that hypoxia stimulated adipocyte ATX expression and that LPA stabilized adipocyte HIF-1α protein, forming an ATX–LPA–HIF-1α amplification loop and aggravating adipocyte dysfunction. LPA secreted by adipocytes bound to LPA1 on the surface of fibroblasts, promoted their proliferation and differentiation, and increased the expression of fibrosis-related factors.

Conclusions
The ATX–LPA axis regulated intestinal fibrosis by influencing the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal fibroblasts. Inhibiting this axis may be a therapeutic target for intestinal fibrosis in CD.