bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textual manifestations of Ottoman architectural revival and the search for a national idiom in the late Ottoman period
Authors: Tozoğlu Ahmet Erdem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article applies a critical approach to rethinking the relationship between nationalism and Ottoman architectural historiography by examining the intellectual medium during the late Ottoman period. More precisely, it examines how the history and theory of Ottoman architecture were initially established by Tanzimat (Reform) intelligentsia with the publication of Usûl-i Mimâri-i Osmani (Fundamentals of Ottoman Architecture) (1873). It addresses how the text was later comprehended and criticized by their successors, who utilized it to constitute their own vision of Turkish national architecture. By detailing the rise of the Turkish nationalist movement and the transition from Ottomanism to Turkism as the dominant identity, this article highlights the demand for the materialization of a national architecture as a component of the cultural construction of a national architectural style and the role of new public buildings as the site of nationalizing endeavors at the beginning of the twentieth century. Finally, this article problematizes the extent to which these new constructions can be deemed “national” by investigating the works of a pioneer figure of architecture, Kemaleddin Bey’s writings and the design and construction of his dormitory building, the Fifth Vakıf Han, in Istanbul.
Altered biventricular function in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a case–control echocardiographic study
Authors: Altit Gabriel , Bonifacio Sonia Lomeli , Guimaraes Carolina V. , Sivakumar Ganesh , Yan Beth , Chock Valerie , Van Meurs Krisa , Bhombal Shazia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:In newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, more profound altered right and left ventricular function has been associated with mortality or brain injury. Mechanisms underlying cardiac dysfunction in this population are thought to be related to the persistence of increased pulmonary vascular resistance and myocardial ischaemia. We sought to compare cardiac function in newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy to controls using echocardiography.Methods:We did a retrospective case–control study with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy between 2008 and 2017. Conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiography measures were extracted to quantify right and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Fifty-five newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy were compared to 28 controls.Results:Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy newborns had higher estimated systolic pulmonary pressure (62.5 ± 15.0 versus 43.8 ± 17.3 mmHg, p < 0.0001) and higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure/systolic blood pressure ratio [101 ± 16 (iso-systemic) versus 71 ± 27 (2/3 systemic range) %, p < 0.0001]. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was decreased (7.5 ± 2.2 versus 9.0 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.002), E/e’ increased (7.9 ± 3.3 versus 5.8 ± 2.0, p = 0.01), and right ventricle-myocardial performance index increased (68.1 ± 21.5 versus 47.8 ± 9.5, p = 0.0001) in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Conventional markers of left ventricle systolic function were similar, but e’ velocity (0.059 ± 0.019 versus 0.070 ± 0.01, p = 0.03) and left ventricle-myocardial performance index were statistically different (77.9 ± 26.2 versus 57.9 ± 11.2, p = 0.001). The hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy group had significantly altered right and left ventricular deformation parameters by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Those with decreased right ventricle-peak longitudinal strain were more likely to have depressed left ventricle-peak longitudinal strain.Conclusion:Newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy have signs of increased pulmonary pressures and altered biventricular systolic and diastolic function.
Relationship Between Convective Storm Properties and Lightning Over the Western Ghats
Authors: Utsav Bhowmik , Deshpande Sachin M. , Das Subrata K. , Pawar Sunil D. , Pandithurai G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractX‐band radar observations are integrated with lightning location network observations to investigate the relationship between convective storm properties and lightning over the Western Ghats during a monsoon season (June–September 2014). Convective storms (cells) were identified using an objective‐tracking method and instantaneous lightning strikes within the radar domain were then linked with observed storms. This spatio‐temporal sampling of individual convective cells and lightning has facilitated process‐based study of electrified convection over the Ghats for the first time. Storm and lightning occurrences are typically high during monsoon onset and withdrawal months of June and September, respectively. A spatial correspondence between deep‐intense storms, lightning, and intense convective cores indicated presence of large hydrometeors in the mixed‐phase region of storm supported by strong updrafts and is essential for lightning. The large‐scale instability that peaked during afternoon hours was a key factor in the formation of deep‐intense storms and lightning. Results show that majority of lightning‐producing storms are located on the leeward side as opposed to the windward side. These storms have deeper top‐heights, larger areas and vertically integrated liquid, and an enhanced hail probability than those devoid of lightning. Warm season convection in the study area is accompanied by the preponderance of negative Cloud to Ground (−CG) flashes over positive Cloud to Ground (+CG) lightning. Storms with +CG features exhibited much higher (>2 times) vertical airmass flux in the mid‐troposphere (6–9 km) than storms without +CG features. Furthermore, for majority of +CG storms, intracloud flash occurrences increased significantly above the freezing level.
Local Energetics Mechanism for the Short‐Term Shift Between Kuroshio Extension Bimodality
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Qiang , Mu Mu , Liu Xia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the short‐term transition process between the Kuroshio Extension (KE) stable and unstable states (bimodality) based on eddy energetics analysis. The local dynamic mechanisms modulating the KE transitions are revealed by exploring the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) variability. During the stable‐to‐unstable transitions (low‐to‐high EKE level; SU), baroclinic instability is the major source of EKE growth. As the negative sea surface height anomaly (SSHa) signal propagates westward near the KE domain, the KE jet downstream (150°E–155°E) slows down at first but its upstream (140°E–145°E) remains fast. The great upstream vertical shear is conducive to the strong regional baroclinic instability. The difference in velocity between the KE upstream and downstream leads to the positive velocity anomaly and the strengthening of vertical velocity shears in the midstream (145°E–150°E). Hence, the baroclinic instability in the KE upstream and midstream facilitates the growth of EKE, thereby inducing the KE path to transform from a stable into an unstable state. During the unstable‐to‐stable transitions (high‐to‐low EKE level; US), the combination of advection and eddy wind work plays a key role in reducing EKE. With the positive SSHa signal arriving at the south of the KE axis, the KE jet speeds up. In this situation, more EKE is advected, especially from the KE midstream, into the downstream where wind dissipation takes effect. When most eddies are consumed, the KE path becomes more stable.
Solar Tide‐like Signatures in the Ionospheric Total Electron Content During the 2018 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event
Authors: Ma Han , He Maosheng , Liu Libo , Li Wenbo , Yang Yuyan , Zhang Ruilong , Chen Yiding , Le Huijun , Zhang Hui , Li Guozhu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAtmospheric waves play an important role in the vertical coupling of atmosphere and ionosphere. Recent studies revealed that the mesospheric wave activities associated with sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are more complicated than previously thought. This study investigates the activities of the dominant solar tide‐like harmonics in the ionosphere during SSWs. Significant tide‐like harmonics are present in the residuals of total electron content (TEC) detected by five receivers at different latitudes using signals from BeiDou geostationary (BD‐GEO) C3 satellite during the 2018 SSW. The results reveal that after the SSW onset, the third harmonic enhances and the fourth harmonic weakens at all selected receivers. However, the second harmonic exhibits a response varying with latitude. We then compare the ionospheric tide‐like signatures with those in mesospheric winds observed by four meteor radars. A good agreement is found after the SSW onset. The measurements at Mohe (53.5°N, 122.3°E) show that the response of each specific ionospheric tide‐like signature is similar to the tidal result in the mesospheric winds after the onset of three SSW events in 2017–2019. In addition, we suggest that besides the direct or indirect effects from the interactions of various waves in the lower atmosphere, the non‐sinusoidal waveform of the ionospheric diurnal variation may also contribute to solar harmonic signatures in the ionosphere.
The genetic landscape of major drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes—an updated analysis of population-scale sequencing data
Authors: Zhou Yitian , Lauschke Volker M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) are extremely polymorphic and multiple CYP variants constitute clinically relevant biomarkers for the guidance of drug selection and dosing. We previously reported the distribution of the most relevant CYP alleles using population-scale sequencing data. Here, we update these findings by making use of the increasing wealth of data, incorporating whole exome and whole genome sequencing data from 141,614 unrelated individuals across 12 human populations. We furthermore extend our previous studies by systematically considering also uncharacterized rare alleles and reveal that they contribute between 1.5% and 17.5% to the overall genetically encoded functional variability. By using established guidelines, we aggregate and translate the available sequencing data into population-specific patterns of metabolizer phenotypes. Combined, the presented data refine the worldwide landscape of ethnogeographic variability in CYP genes and aspire to provide a relevant resource for the optimization of population-specific genotyping strategies and precision public health.
A new cognitive clock matching phenotypic and epigenetic ages
Authors: Krivonosov M. I. , Kondakova E. V. , Bulanov N. A. , Polevaya S. A. , Franceschi C. , Ivanchenko M. V. , Vedunova M. V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCognitive abilities decline with age, constituting a major manifestation of aging. The quantitative biomarkers of this process, as well as the correspondence to different biological clocks, remain largely an open problem. In this paper we employ the following cognitive tests: 1. differentiation of shades (campimetry); 2. evaluation of the arithmetic correctness and 3. detection of reversed letters and identify the most significant age-related cognitive indices. Based on their subsets we construct a machine learning-based Cognitive Clock that predicts chronological age with a mean absolute error of 8.62 years. Remarkably, epigenetic and phenotypic ages are predicted by Cognitive Clock with an even better accuracy. We also demonstrate the presence of correlations between cognitive, phenotypic and epigenetic age accelerations that suggests a deep connection between cognitive performance and aging status of an individual.
Effects of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 gene variants on escitalopram and aripiprazole treatment outcome and serum levels: results from the CAN-BIND 1 study
Authors: Islam Farhana , Marshe Victoria S. , Magarbeh Leen , Frey Benicio N. , Milev Roumen V. , Soares Claudio N. , Parikh Sagar V. , Placenza Franca , Strother Stephen C. , Hassel Stefanie , Taylor Valerie H. , Leri Francesco , Blier Pierre , Uher Rudolf , Farzan Faranak , Lam Raymond W. , Turecki Gustavo , Foster Jane A. , Rotzinger Susan , Kennedy Sidney H. , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCytochrome P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes may contribute to interindividual differences in antidepressant outcomes. We investigated the effects ofCYP2C19andCYP2D6gene variants on response, tolerability, and serum concentrations. Patients (N = 178) were treated with escitalopram (ESC) from weeks 0–8 (Phase I), and at week 8, either continued ESC if they were responders or were augmented with aripiprazole (ARI) if they were non-responders (<50% reduction in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale from baseline) for weeks 8–16 (Phase II). Our results showed that amongst patients on ESC-Only,CYP2C19intermediate and poor metabolizers (IM + PMs), with reduced or null enzyme function, trended towards significantly lower symptom improvement during Phase II compared to normal metabolizers (NMs), which was not observed in ESC + ARI. We further showed thatCYP2D6NMs and IM + PMs had a higher likelihood of reporting a treatment-related central nervous system side effect in ESC-Only and ESC + ARI, respectively. The differences in the findings between ESC-Only and ESC + ARI may be due to the altered pharmacokinetics of ESC by ARI coadministration in ESC + ARI. We provided evidence for this postulation when we showed that in ESC-Only,CYP2C19andCYP2D6IM + PMs demonstrated significantly higher ESC concentrations at Weeks 10 and 16 compared to NMs. In contrast, ESC + ARI showed an association withCYP2C19but not withCYP2D6metabolizer group. Instead, ESC + ARI showed an association betweenCYP2D6metabolizer group and ARI metabolite-to-drug ratio suggesting potential competition between ESC and ARI for CYP2D6. Our findings suggest that dosing based onCYP2C19andCYP2D6genotyping could improve safety and outcome in patients on ESC monotherapy.
Incidence rate of schizophrenia after the Tangshan earthquake in China: a 44-year retrospective birth cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yun-Shu , Rao Wen-Wang , Zhang Li-Li , Jia Hong-Xue , Bi Hao , Wang Hai-Long , Balbuena Lloyd , Li Ke-Qing , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPreliminary evidence indicates that natural disasters are associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. With few longitudinal studies on earthquakes, this retrospective cohort study examined exposure to the 1976 Tangshan earthquake and the subsequent risk of schizophrenia. Population counts and visits to all nine psychiatric hospitals in Tangshan city were collected. We created three cohort groups by earthquake exposure: infant (August 1972 to July 1976 births), fetal (August 1976 to May 1977 births), and unexposed (June 1977 to May 1981 births). The cumulative incidence of schizophrenia in each cohort was calculated by dividing the number of schizophrenia patients by total births in the corresponding period. Altogether, 6424 schizophrenia patients were identified, with 2786 in the infant group, 663 in the fetal group, and 2975 in the unexposed group. The crude cumulative incidence of schizophrenia in the infant, fetal and unexposed groups were 7.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.36–7.92), 9.07 (95% CI = 8.38–9.76), and 7.40 (95% CI = 7.13–7.66) per thousand population respectively. Adjusted for mortality, the corresponding figures were 7.73 (95% CI = 7.44–8.01), 9.30 (95% CI = 8.60–10.01) and 7.44 (95% CI = 7.18–7.71) per thousand population respectively. The mortality-adjusted risk ratio (aRR) was 1.25 (95% CI = 1.15–1.36) between fetal and unexposed groups (χ2 = 27.31, P < 0.001). Males exposed as infants did not differ from the unexposed in cumulative schizophrenia incidence. People with fetal exposure to the 1976 earthquake had 25% higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to unexposed counterparts.
Transdiagnostic connectome signatures from resting-state fMRI predict individual-level intellectual capacity
Authors: Tong Xiaoyu , Xie Hua , Carlisle Nancy , Fonzo Gregory A. , Oathes Desmond J. , Jiang Jing , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMedication and other therapies for psychiatric disorders show unsatisfying efficacy, in part due to the significant clinical/ biological heterogeneity within each disorder and our over-reliance on categorical clinical diagnoses. Alternatively, dimensional transdiagnostic studies have provided a promising pathway toward realizing personalized medicine and improved treatment outcomes. One factor that may influence response to psychiatric treatments is cognitive function, which is reflected in one’s intellectual capacity. Intellectual capacity is also reflected in the organization and structure of intrinsic brain networks. Using a large transdiagnostic cohort (n = 1721), we sought to discover neuroimaging biomarkers by developing a resting-state functional connectome-based prediction model for a key intellectual capacity measure, Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), across the diagnostic spectrum. Our cross-validated model yielded an excellent prediction accuracy (r = 0.5573,p < 0.001). The robustness and generalizability of our model was further validated on three independent cohorts (n = 2641). We identified key transdiagnostic connectome signatures underlying FSIQ capacity involving the dorsal-attention, frontoparietal and default-mode networks. Meanwhile, diagnosis groups showed disorder-specific biomarker patterns. Our findings advance the neurobiological understanding of cognitive functioning across traditional diagnostic categories and provide a new avenue for neuropathological classification of psychiatric disorders.
Aerosol and splatter generation with rotary handpieces used in restorative and orthodontic dentistry: a systematic review
Authors: Al-yaseen Waraf , Jones Rhiannon , McGregor Scott , Wade William , Gallagher Jennifer , Harris Rebecca , Johnson Ilona , KC Sukriti , Robertson Mark , Innes Nicola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions in dental care globally, in part due to the potential for contaminated aerosol to be generated by dental activities. This systematic review assesses the literature for changes in aerosol-contamination levels when rotary instruments are used, (1) as distance increases from patient’s mouth; (2) as time passes after the procedure; and (3) when using different types of handpieces.

Methods
The review methods and reporting are in line with PRISMA statements. A structured search was conducted over five platforms (September 2021). Studies were assessed independently by two reviewers. To be eligible studies had to assess changes in levels of aerosol contamination over different distances, and time points, with rotary hand instruments. Studies’ methodologies and the sensitivity of the contamination-measurement approaches were evaluated. Results are presented descriptively.

Results
From 422 papers identified, 23 studies were eligible. All investigated restorative procedures using rotary instruments and one study additionally looked at orthodontic bracket adhesive material removal. The results suggest contamination is significantly reduced over time and distance. However, for almost all studies that investigated these two factors, the sizes of the contaminated particles were not considered, and there were inconclusive findings regarding whether electric-driven handpieces generate lower levels of contaminated particles.

Conclusion
Aerosol contamination levels reduce as distances, and post-procedure times increase. However, there was sparce and inconsistent evidence on the clearing time and no conclusions could be drawn. High-speed handpieces produce significantly higher levels of contamination than slow-speed ones, and to a lesser extent, micro-motor handpieces. However, when micro-motor handpieces were used with water, the contamination levels rose and were similar to high-speed handpiece contamination levels.
Spatiotemporal analysis of tumour-infiltrating immune cells in biliary carcinogenesis
Authors: Charbel Alphonse , Tavernar Luca , Albrecht Thomas , Brinkmann Fritz , Verheij Joanne , Roos Eva , Vogel Monika Nadja , Köhler Bruno , Springfeld Christoph , Brobeil Alexander , Schirmacher Peter , Singer Stephan , Mehrabi Arianeb , Roessler Stephanie , Goeppert Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntraductal papillary neoplasms (IPN) and biliary epithelial neoplasia (BilIN) are well‐defined precursor lesions of biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive characterisation of the inflammatory microenvironment in BTC precursor lesions.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was employed to assess tumour-infiltrating immune cells in tissue samples from patients, for whom precursor lesions were identified alongside invasive BTC. The spatiotemporal evolution of the immune microenvironment during IPN-associated carcinogenesis was comprehensively analysed using triplet sample sets of non-neoplastic epithelium, precursor lesion and invasive BTC. Immune-cell dynamics during IPN- and BilIN-associated carcinogenesis were subsequently compared.ResultsStromal CD3+(P = 0.002), CD4+(P = 0.007) and CD8+(P < 0.001) T cells, CD20+B cells (P = 0.008), MUM1+plasma cells (P = 0.012) and CD163+M2-like macrophages (P = 0.008) significantly decreased in IPN compared to non-tumorous biliary epithelium. Upon transition from IPN to invasive BTC, stromal CD68+(P = 0.001) and CD163+(P < 0.001) macrophages significantly increased. In contrast, BilIN-driven carcinogenesis was characterised by significant reduction of intraepithelial CD8+T-lymphocytic infiltration from non-tumorous epithelium via BilIN (P = 0.008) to BTC (P = 0.004).ConclusionIPN and BilIN are immunologically distinct entities that undergo different immune-cell variations during biliary carcinogenesis. Intraepithelial CD8+T-lymphocytic infiltration of biliary tissue decreased already at the IPN-precursor stage, whereas BilIN-associated carcinogenesis showed a slowly progressing reduction towards invasive carcinoma.
Silencing TRAIP suppresses cell proliferation and migration/invasion of triple negative breast cancer via RB-E2F signaling and EMT
Authors: Zheng Yan , Jia Huiqing , Wang Ping , Liu Litong , Chen Zhaoxv , Xing Xiaoming , Wang Jin , Tan Xiaohua , Wang Chengqin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTRAIP, as a 53 kDa E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is involved in various cellular processes and closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, few studies on the relationship between TRAIP and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were reported. Bioinformatic analysis and Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed, and xenograft mouse models were established to explore the role of TRAIP in TNBC. This study showed that the expression of TRAIP protein was upregulated in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Silencing of TRAIP significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells, whereas opposite results were observed in the TRAIP overexpression. In addition, TRAIP regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through RB-E2F signaling and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT). MiR-590-3p directly targeted the TRAIP 3′-UTR, and its expression were lower in TNBC tissues. Its mimic significantly downregulated the expression of TRAIP and subsequently suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Rescue experiments indicated that TRAIP silencing reversed the promotion of miR-590-3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TRAIP overexpression could also reverse the inhibition of miR-590-3p mimic on tumorigenesis. Finally, TRAIP knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in animal experiments. In conclusion, TRAIP is an oncogene that influences the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells through RB-E2F signaling and EMT. Therefore, TRAIP may be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.