bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate soil drying improves physiological performances and kernel yield of maize
Authors: Yuan Limin , Zhou Tianyang , Li Ke , Tian Yinfang , Xu Yunji , Zhang Jianhua , Yang Jianchang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWater shortage is a serious problem in crop production, and maize (Zea mays L.) is the largest grain crop worldwide. It would have great significance in increasing kernel yield and water use efficiency to establish a high‐yielding and water‐saving irrigation technology in maize. In this study, two high‐yielding maize varieties were used and two irrigation regimes composed of well‐watered (WW) and moderate soil drying (MD) were conducted. Physiological performances, kernel yield, and water use efficiency were investigated. Compared with WW, the MD increased kernel yield by 4.69–6.40%, reduced irrigation water by 26.5–33.3%, and improved irrigation water use efficiency by 43.1–59.3%. In terms of physiological performances, the MD enhanced the leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased the leaf photosynthetic rate and the contents of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin‐3 (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA) in inferior kernels, promoted the remobilization of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) from stalks and sheaths to kernels, and improved the filling rate and weight of inferior kernels. Correlation analysis showed that IAA, Z + ZR, and ABA contents in kernels were significantly and positively correlated with the kernel filling rate. These results suggest that the moderate soil drying imposed during the whole growth period of maize can achieve the dual goal of increasing food production and saving water by improving physiological performance, especially regulating hormonal levels in the kernel.
Effects of microbial interspecies relationships and physicochemical parameters on volatile flavors in sorghum‐based fermented grains during the fermentation of Shanxi light‐flavored liquor
Authors: Luo Aiguo , Yang Niutian , Yang Jing , Hao Jianwei , Zhao Jia , Shi Shengli , Hu Bianfang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, high‐throughput technology was used to reveal the core microbial community in sorghum‐based fermented grains during different fermentation periods and to quantify the impacts of physicochemical parameters and microbial interspecies relationships on the volatile flavors. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction, coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, was used to select 14 major volatile products with relative content greater than 1% in at least one sample, including three alcohols, one acid, eight esters, and two alkanes. The relative content of alkanes was only high on the first day and continued to decrease during the later fermentation stage. As fermentation progressed, the relative content of ethanol, ethyl acetate (aroma), and isoamyl alcohol (pungent, spicy) first increased and then decreased. In addition, the relative content of other ethyl esters continued to increase. In the early stage of fermentation (1–7 days), the temperature, moisture, and alcohol content showed an upward trend, while the content of reducing sugar decreased. As the temperature decreased in the middle and later stages (7–28 days), the physicochemical parameters tended to stabilize. In community composition, the dominant bacterial genera were Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, and Acetobacter, and the fungal genera were mainly Issatchenkia, Torulaspora, and Pichia. Network analysis identified a total of 10 core microbiota as the main contributors of esters and alkane metabolites. Moreover, total acidity and reducing sugar played important roles in promoting the formation of core microbiota and succession of dominant taxa.
Age‐related effects on the anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes in 6–21 year olds: A model selection approach
Authors: Ayoub Lizbeth J. , Zhu Junhao , Lee Steven J. , Mugisha Nancy , Patel Kyle , Duerden Emma G. , Stinson Jennifer , Verriotis Madeleine , Noel Melanie , Kong Dehan , Moayedi Massieh , McAndrews Mary Pat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough recent studies support significant differences in intrinsic structure, function, and connectivity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, few studies have investigated the normative development of this dimension. In addition, factors known to influence hippocampal structure, such as sex or puberty, have yet to be characterized when assessing age‐related effects on its subregions. This study addresses this gap by investigating the relationship of the anterior (antHC) and posterior (postHC) hippocampus volumes with age, and how these are moderated by sex or puberty, in structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 183 typically developing participants aged 6–21 years. Based on previous literature, we first anticipated that non‐linear models would best represent the relationship between age and the antHC and postHC volumes. We found that age‐related effects are region‐specific, such that the antHC volume remains stable with increasing age, while the postHC shows a cubic function characterized by overall volume increase with age but a slower rate during adolescence. Second, we hypothesized that models, which include biological sex or pubertal status would best describe these relationships. Contrary to expectation, models comprising either biological sex or pubertal status did not significantly improve model performance. Further longitudinal research is needed to evaluate their effects on the antHC and postHC development.
The effects of transcranial laser photobiomodulation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the treatment of post‐stroke dysfunctions
Authors: Paolillo Fernanda Rossi , Luccas Giovana Anielle Alcalde , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Paolillo Alessandra Rossi , de Castro Neto Jarbas Caiado , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPost‐stroke sequelae includes loss functions, such as cognitive and sensory‐motor which lead to emotional and social problems, reducing quality of life and well‐being. The main aim of our study was to investigate the effects of transcranial laser photobiomodulation together with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in post‐stroke patients. We performed a clinical trial and an ex vivo study. For the clinical trial, hemiplegic patients were separated into two groups: Treated Group (TG): Hemiplegics treated with transcranial laser (on) associated with NMES (on) and; Placebo Group (PG): Hemiplegics treated with placebo transcranial laser (off) associated with NMES (on). The cluster prototype includes 12 diode laser beams (4 × 660 nm, 4 × 808 nm and 4 × 980 nm) with average power of 720 mW per cluster applied during one minute, leading to 43.2 J energy per cluster. Fifteen regions for all head were irradiated by cluster, leading to 648 J energy per session. The parameters of NMES of the paretic limbs to generate extension wrist and ankle dorsiflexion were symmetrical biphasic rectangular waveforms, 50 Hz frequency, 250 μs pulse duration, and adjustable intensity to maintain the maximum range of motion (amplitude between 0 and 150 mA). Our clinical trial showed improvement of cognitive function, pain relief, greater manual dexterity, enhancement of physical and social–emotional health which lead to better quality of life and well‐being. There was also increased temperature in the treated regions with laser and NMES. For the ex vivo study, the distribution of infrared and red radiation after penetration through the cranium and hemihead of cadavers were showed. Therefore, transcranial laser photobiomodulation associated with NMES can be an important therapeutic resource for rehabilitation after stroke.
Classification of pathogenic bacteria by Raman spectroscopy combined with variational auto‐encoder and deep learning
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Kunxiang , Sun Jide , Shang Lindong , Yang Qingxiang , Chen Xueping , Li Bei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapid and early identification of pathogens is critical to guide antibiotic therapy. Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive diagnostic technique provides rapid and accurate detection of pathogens. Raman spectrum of single cells serves as the “fingerprint” of the cell, revealing its metabolic characteristics. Rapid identification of pathogens can be achieved by combining Raman spectroscopy and deep learning. Traditional classification techniques frequently require lots of data for training, which is time costing to collect Raman spectra. For trace samples and strains that are difficult to culture, it is difficult to provide an accurate classification model. In order to reduce the number of samples collected and improve the accuracy of the classification model, a new pathogen detection method integrating Raman spectroscopy, variational auto‐encoder (VAE), and long short‐term memory network (LSTM) is proposed in this paper. We collect the Raman signals of pathogens and input them to VAE for training. VAE will generate a large number of Raman spectral data that cannot be distinguished from the real spectrum, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio is higher than that of the real spectrum. These spectra are input into the LSTM together with the real spectrum for training, and a good classification model is obtained. The results of the experiments reveal that this method not only improves the average accuracy of pathogen classification to 96.9% but also reduces the number of Raman spectra collected from 1000 to 200. With this technology, the number of Raman spectra collected can be greatly reduced, so that strains that are difficult to culture or trace can be rapidly identified.
Plant‐derived extracellular vesicles: Recent advancements and current challenges on their use for biomedical applications
Authors: Lian Meredith Qikai , Chng Wei Heng , Liang Jeremy , Yeo Hui Qing , Lee Choon Keong , Belaid Mona , Tollemeto Matteo , Wacker Matthias Gerhard , Czarny Bertrand , Pastorin Giorgia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane vesicles released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous vesicles are involved in intercellular communication and transport of various biological cargos, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In recent years, interest in plant‐derived EVs has increased tremendously, as they serve as a scalable and sustainable alternative to EVs derived from mammalian sources. In vitro and in vivo findings have demonstrated that these plant‐derived vesicles (PDVs) possess intrinsic therapeutic activities that can potentially treat diseases and improve human health. In addition, PDVs can also act as efficient and biocompatible drug carriers. While preclinical studies have shown promising results, there are still several challenges and knowledge gaps that have to be addressed for the successful translation of PDVs into clinical applications, especially in view of the lack of standardised protocols for material handling and PDV isolation from various plant sources. This review provides the readers with a quick overview of the current understanding and research on PDVs, critically analysing the current challenges and highlighting the immense potential of PDVs as a novel class of therapeutics to treat human diseases. It is expected that this work will guide scientists to address the knowledge gaps currently associated with PDVs and promote new advances in plant‐based therapeutic solutions.
Effect of marine heat waves on carbon metabolism, optical characterization, and bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon in coastal vegetated communities
Authors: Egea Luis G. , Jiménez‐Ramos Rocío , Romera‐Castillo Cristina , Casal‐Porras Isabel , Bonet‐Melià Paula , Yamuza‐Magdaleno Alba , Cerezo‐Sepúlveda Lucía , Pérez‐Lloréns José L. , Brun Fernando G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an essential role in the global marine carbon cycle, with coastal vegetated communities as important DOC producers. However, the ultimate fate of this DOC remains still largely unknown due to the lack of knowledge about its chemical composition and lability. Furthermore, global change could alter both DOC fluxes and its bioavailability, affecting the carbon sequestration capacity of coastal vegetated communities. This study explores, in two contrasting seasons (winter and summer), the effects of an in situ simulated marine heatwave on carbon metabolism and DOC fluxes produced by seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) and macroalgae (Caulerpa prolifera) communities. In addition, the fluorescent characteristics and biodegradability of the dissolved organic matter released directly by the communities under such conditions are evaluated. Under marine heatwave conditions, a significant increase in net community production (NCP) in C. nodosa and a shift to negative DOC fluxes in C. prolifera were observed. In control treatments, the seagrass‐dominated community produced a substantial amount of labile (between 44% and 58%) and recalcitrant DOC (between 42% and 56%), while C. prolifera community produced mainly recalcitrant DOC (between 64% and 87%). Therefore, this research revealed that temperature is an important factor determining the NCP in benthic communities and the chemical structure and bioavailability of DOC produced by these communities, since both communities tended to produce more humic‐like and less bioavailable DOC with increasing temperature.
Catalyst‐Free Multicomponent Tandem Polymerizations of Aliphatic Amines, Activated Alkyne, and Formaldehyde toward Poly(tetrahydropyrimidine)s
Authors: Wei Bo , Chen Longbin , Hu Rongrong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoly(tetrahydropyrimidine)s are promising heterocyclic polymers with unique biocompatibility, antibacterial ability, inherent fluorescence property, and so on, whose development is limited by their synthetic approaches. Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) are a group of powerful tools for the facile construction of heterocyclic polymers from simple monomers. Herein, a catalyst‐free multicomponent tandem polymerization of aliphatic diamines, activated alkyne, and formaldehyde was developed at 60 °C in methanol in air to construct poly(tetrahydropyrimidine)s with well‐defined structures, high molecular weights (Mw up to 57700 g mol−1), high yields (up to 84%), and satisfactory thermal stability. The MCP was featured with commercially available monomers, high efficiency, catalyst‐free economic and mild condition, which was applicable to aliphatic diamines with complicated chemical reactivity, providing a robust and efficient approach for the synthesis of diversified heterocyclic polymers such as poly(tetrahydropyrimidine)s.
Cohomology of moduli spaces of Del Pezzo surfaces
Authors: Bergvall Olof , Gounelas Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe compute the rational Betti cohomology groups of the coarse moduli spaces of geometrically marked Del Pezzo surfaces of degree 3 and 4 as representations of the Weyl groups of the corresponding root systems. The proof uses a blend of methods from point counting over finite fields and techniques from arrangement complements.
Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301 Exerts Anti‐Obesity Effects in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice Model by Regulating Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Ban O‐Hyun , Lee Minjee , Bang Won Yeong , Nam Eoun Ho , Jeon Hyeon Ji , Shin Minhye , Yang Jungwoo , Jung Young Hoon 
Published: December 2022

ScopeChronic hypernutrition promotes lipid accumulation in the body and excessive lipid accumulation leads to obesity. An increase in the number and size of adipocytes, a characteristic of obesity is closely associated with adipose dysfunction. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that probiotics may prevent this dysfunction by regulating lipid metabolism. However, the mechanisms of action of probiotics in obesity are not fully understood and their usage for treating obesity remains limited.Methods and resultsBifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301 is selected for its anti‐obesity potential after evaluating inhibitory activity of pancreatic lipase and cholesterol reducing activity. Next, this study investigates the roles of B. lactis IDCC 4301 on lipid metabolism in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. B. lactis IDCC 4301 inhibits cell differentiation and lipid accumulation by suppressing the expression of adipogenic enzymes in 3T3‐L1 cells. Moreover, the administration of B. lactis IDCC 4301 decreases body and adipose tissue weight, improves serum lipid levels, and downregulates adipogenic mRNA expression in HFD‐fed mice. Additionally, metabolomic analysis suggests that 2‐ketobutyrate should be a possible target compound against obesity.ConclusionsB. lactis IDCC 4301 may be used as an alternative treatment for obesity.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning catheter‐associated urinary tract infection amongst healthcare workers: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Huang Aoli , Hong Weixi , Zhao Baojie , Lin Jing , Xi Rui , Wang Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes and practices level of prevention and management of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection.DesignA mixed‐methods systematic review.MethodsSearches were conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Limited literatures published in English before 20 June 2021. Data were analysed and synthesized using thematic analysis by two authors.ResultsThirty‐four articles were included. Healthcare workers' unbalanced varied knowledge level, positive attitudes, undesirable practices of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection's prevention and control were identified. Barriers of healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes and practices level of infection prevention included heavy workload, understaffing, physician variability in indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) practice by diagnosis, nursing variability in IUC placement technique, poor relationship and nurse's poor documentation. Leadership, better education, teamwork, technique training and information technology support, advocacy for nurse‐driven protocol and IUC removal reminder were considered as facilitators.
Bird remains from Vilnius Lower Castle, Lithuania (13th–19th centuries) reveal changes in social status and unusual bird pathologies
Authors: Ehrlich Freydis , Piličiauskienė Giedrė , Blaževičius Povilas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the 1,224 bird remains found during the excavations of 1990–2015 in the Vilnius Lower Castle, Lithuania. The faunal material originates from a wide time span of the 13th to the 19th centuries. To explore the bird consumption in different periods of occupation of the castle and between different social strata, we analyzed the bird specimens by morphological characteristics. The study included taxonomical identification, recording the taphonomic features and pathologies, and assessing age and sex. As expected, the majority of the bones belong to the domestic chicken, but it is mostly the presence of wild taxa such as hawk, swan, and wild galliforms that demonstrates the various roles the birds played in peoples' everyday lives. Additionally, a few pathologies like avian osteopetrosis were identified that are unique to the eastern Baltic region.
A handful of duck radiuses: Peculiarities of the avifaunal exploitation at the Gravettian site of Maisières‐Canal (Belgium)
Authors: Goffette Quentin , Lepers Christian , Jadin Ivan , Rots Veerle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe early Gravettian site of Maisières‐Canal (Belgium) was discovered in 1966, during the widening of the Canal du Centre. Emergency excavation allowed the discovery of an open‐air human occupation which yielded abundant archaeological material. A re‐examination of the well‐preserved faunal collections has expanded the bird assemblage from the 29 bones initially recognized to 78, which have been studied from an archaeozoological point of view. Six taxa were identified, including species regularly encountered in Upper Paleolithic sites, such as the snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), the northern raven (Corvus corax), and the willow or rock ptarmigan (Lagopus sp.). Ducks (Anatinae) are by far the best represented taxa. Surprisingly, only radius fragments were recovered for ducks, most bearing breaks and tool marks. We paid special attention to this peculiar set of duck radiuses. We performed experiments on fresh duck wings to evaluate the impact of different actions on the radius. Based on our experiments, two main hypotheses emerged. This accumulation of duck radiuses may represent (1) the waste from the production of dry wings and/or (2) a supply of raw material for craft activities. However, neither of these two hypotheses can be conclusively confirmed. As well as exhibiting some discrepancies, the bird bone assemblage from Maisières‐Canal shares several characteristics with early Gravettian sites from central Europe.
Early time‐restricted eating affects weight, metabolic health, mood, and sleep in adherent completers: A secondary analysis
Authors: Steger Felicia L. , Jamshed Humaira , Bryan David R. , Richman Joshua S. , Warriner Amy H. , Hanick Cody J. , Martin Corby K. , Salvy Sarah‐Jeanne , Peterson Courtney M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveData are mixed on whether intermittent fasting improves weight loss and cardiometabolic health. Here, the effects of time‐restricted eating (TRE) in participants who consistently adhered ≥5 d/wk every week were analyzed.MethodsNinety patients aged 25 to 75 years old with obesity were randomized to early TRE (eTRE; 8‐hour eating window from 07:00 to 15:00) or a control schedule (≥12‐hour window) for 14 weeks. A per‐protocol analysis of weight loss, body composition, cardiometabolic health, and other end points was performed.ResultsParticipants who adhered to eTRE ≥5 d/wk every week had greater improvements in body weight (−3.7 ± 1.2 kg; p = 0.003), body fat (−2.8 ± 1.3 kg; p = 0.04), heart rate (−7 ± 3 beats/min; p = 0.02), insulin resistance (−2.80 ± 1.36; p = 0.047), and glucose (−9 ± 5 mg/dL; p = 0.047) relative to adherers in the control group. They also experienced greater improvements in mood, including fatigue and anger; however, they self‐reported sleeping less and taking longer to fall asleep.ConclusionsFor those who can consistently adhere at least 5 d/wk, eTRE is a valuable approach for improving body weight, body fat, cardiometabolic health, and mood. Further research is needed to determine whether eTRE's effects of shortening sleep but reducing fatigue are healthful or not.