bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign acute childhood myositis associated with influenza A/B in the paediatric emergency department and the efficacy of early‐onset oseltamivir
Authors: Turan Caner , Yurtseven Ali , Cicek Candan , Keskin Gulsum , Saz Eylem Ulas 
Published: February 2022

AimTo investigate the association of benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) with respiratory viruses. Also, we aimed to assess the effect of antiviral treatment on the improvement and complications.MethodsThis study was conducted at an urban‐academic emergency department during four influenza‐seasons (2016–2019), retrospectively. Demographics, clinical findings, laboratories, metabolic disease analyses and serological features were extracted from the medical records. Treatments, complications and outcomes were also recorded.ResultsA total of 114 children were included. The median age was 7.0 (min 1.25–max 17) years and 78.9% were male. The most common symptoms were leg pain (91.2%), anorexia (54.4%), fever (45.6%), sore throat (42.1%) and walking difficulty (32.5%). On admission, the median creatine phosphokinase level was 3332 IU/L (range, 1634–50 185), median aspartate aminotransferase 107 U/L (range, 38–1798). In the multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis, 40.4% influenza B, 36.8% influenza A, 7.8% adenovirus, 7.8% parainfluenza virus, 5.3% rhinovirus, 5.3% respiratory syncytial virus and 1.8% Mycoplasma pneumoniae were detected. Rhabdomyolysis was developed in 6.7% and acute renal failure was seen in two patients. Oseltamivir was given in 44 (38.6%) patients who had influenza A/B. Metabolic disease screening tests were performed in 33.3% of patients and metabolic diseases were detected in 4 (3.5%) patients. The median recovery time was lower in patients with oseltamivir treatment (4 (min 2–max 5) − 5 (min 3–max 10) days) (P < 0.001).ConclusionRhabdomyolysis is more common in BACM due to the influenza A virus. The early use of oseltamivir treatment was significantly associated with a shorter recovery time.
Clinicopathologic features, comorbid diseases, and prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in dogs with bronchomalacia
Authors: Gamracy Jennifer , Wiggen Kelly , Vientós‐Plotts Aida , Reinero Carol 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundReports of clinicopathologic features of bronchomalacia (BM) differ because of inconsistent definitions and frequent prevalence of comorbid cardiopulmonary disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to BM is poorly described.ObjectivesDogs with BM will be older but of any somatotype, and increased expiratory effort, ≥1 comorbid disease, and PH will be more common than in dogs without BM.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 210) evaluated for respiratory signs.MethodsMedical records of dogs with paired inspiratory: expiratory‐breath‐hold computed tomography, tracheobronchoscopy, or both between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons between dogs with and without BM using Mann‐Whitney rank sum or χ2 tests (P < .05 significant were made). Because of high numbers of variables, criteria with high prevalence (>25%) were identified (n = 10) for univariate analysis (P < .005 significant). Significant variables were submitted for multivariate analysis.ResultsBronchomalacia was identified in 41% of dogs of all sizes/somatotypes; 38% were >10 kg. All dogs with BM had ≥1 comorbid cardiopulmonary disorder. Dogs with BM were significantly older (P < .001), smaller (P < .001), and were more likely diagnosed with tracheal or mainstem bronchial collapse (P < .001) or bronchiectasis (P < .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed associations with age, tracheal or mainstem bronchial collapse, and bronchiectasis. In dogs with BM, PH was more prevalent.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough significantly more common in older, smaller dogs, BM occurs in dogs of all sizes and in all instances with comorbidities. Echocardiography should be considered in dogs with BM to identify PH.
The Effects of Spaced Practice on Second Language Learning: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kim Su Kyung , Webb Stuart 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis investigates earlier studies of spaced practice in second language learning. We retrieved 98 effect sizes from 48 experiments (N= 3,411). We compared the effects of three aspects of spacing (spaced vs. massed, longer vs. shorter spacing, and equal vs. expanding spacing) on immediate and delayed posttests to calculate mean effect sizes. We also examined the extent to which nine empirically motivated variables moderated the effects of spaced practice. Results showed that (a) spacing had a medium‐to‐large effect on second language learning; (b) shorter spacing was as effective as longer spacing in immediate posttests but was less effective in delayed posttests than longer spacing; (c) equal and expanding spacing were statistically equivalent; and (d) variability in spacing effect size across studies was explained methodologically by the learning target, number of sessions, type of practice, activity type, feedback timing, and retention interval. The methodological and pedagogical significance of the findings are discussed.
“Folly of the Fiction” and the “Native Taste”: Cultural Interfaces in Two Bengali Adaptations ofCymbeline
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines how two nineteenth‐century Bengali adaptations ofCymbelinetransfer Shakespeare's play to a Hindu field of signifiers and reinterpret the elements of tragicomedy according to the worldview of traditional Indian drama.Kusumkumari Natak(1868) by Chandrakali Ghosh, which was enacted before a ticket‐buying audience at the nascent phase of the Bengali public theatre in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), condenses or rejects much of the action and dialogue ofCymbelinefor the sake of economy. For example, it excludes Cloten and the confusion over his beheading and discards Posthumus's dream together with the prophetic riddle. On the other hand,Sushila Birsingha(1868) by Satyendranath Tagore, which was probably never staged, follows the convoluted plot and characterisation ofCymbelinequite closely.Cymbelinewould appeal to the Bengali audience because it recalls traditional Hindu tales of reunion and reconciliation, including those of Sakuntala‐Dushyanta (referenced byKusumkumari Natak) and Damayanti‐Nala (referenced bySushila Birsingha). Moreover, Innogen's ordeals would be compatible with the trope of the abandoned faithful wife (as exemplified by Sita, Sakuntala, Damayanti) in Sanskrit epic and drama. This would also enable the valorisation of wifely fidelity and chastity, a favourite topic of Hindu patriarchal imagination in the nineteenth century. More importantly, the theme of loss and recuperation inherent inCymbelineaccords with the episteme and aesthetics of classical Sanskrit drama, which avoided exploring grave moral challenges and rejected the finality of sufferings (thanks to the doctrines of Vedanta or monistic theism,karmaand reincarnation). This article also suggests thatCymbelinefell out of favour with subsequent Bengali translators and playgoers as the taste for tragedy grew among them.
Differential fuel utilization in liver transplant recipients and its relationship with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad S. , Patel Samarth , Forsgren Mikael , Bui Anh T. , Shen Steve , Syed Taseen , Boyett Sherry , Chen Shanshan , Sanyal Arun J. , Wolver Susan , Kirkman Danielle , Celi Francesco S. , Bhati Chandra S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetabolic flexibility is the ability to match biofuel availability to utilization. Reduced metabolic flexibility, or lower fatty acid (FA) oxidation in the fasted state, is associated with obesity. The present study evaluated metabolic flexibility after liver transplantation (LT).MethodsPatients receiving LT for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (n = 35) and non‐NASH (n = 10) were enrolled. NASH was chosen as these patients are at the highest risk of metabolic complications. Metabolic flexibility was measured using whole‐body calorimetry and expressed as respiratory quotient (RQ), which ranges from 0.7 (pure FA oxidation) to 1.0 is (carbohydrate oxidation).ResultsThe two cohorts were similar except for a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the NASH cohort. Post‐prandially, RQ increased in both cohorts (i.e. greater carbohydrate utilization) but peak RQ and time at peak RQ was higher in the NASH cohort. Fasting RQ in NASH was significantly higher (0.845 vs. 0.772, p < .001), indicative of impaired FA utilization. In subgroup analysis of the NASH cohort, body mass index but not liver fat content (MRI‐PDFF) was an independent predictor of fasting RQ. In NASH, fasting RQ inversely correlated with fat‐free muscle volume and directly with visceral adipose tissue.ConclusionReduced metabolic flexibility in patients transplanted for NASH cirrhosis may precede the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease after LT.
Update on the management of gastric varices
Authors: Luo Xuefeng , Hernández‐Gea Virginia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGastro‐oesophageal varices are the major clinical manifestations of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Although less frequent than oesophageal varices (EV), bleeding from gastric varices (GV) is generally more severe and associated with higher mortality and a greater risk to rebleed. According to Sarin's classification, GVs are categorized into four types based on their location within the stomach and relationship with EV. Currently, treatment options for the management of GV include beta‐blockers, endoscopic band ligation, endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection, EUS‐guided coil/cyanoacrylate injection, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. The best treatment strategy of GV remains controversial because of the heterogeneity of GV, lack of high‐quality data and suboptimal trial design of the studies available. The proper treatment algorithm may require adequate endoscopic and imaging evaluation by a multidisciplinary team with multiple treatment options available. This review describes the hemodynamic features of GV, pharmacological, endoscopic and interventional radiological treatment options for GV.
Complicated Gender Gaps in Mathematics Achievement: Elevated Stakes during Performance as One Explanation
Authors: Lyons Emily , Mesghina Almaz , Richland Lindsey E. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTGender gaps in mathematics achievement persist in many contexts and when visible, these gaps are paradoxical. Low‐stakes measures of mathematics achievement such as grades and study behaviors favor girls, while gaps tend to reverse on assessments/competitions. We explore whether different impacts of raising performance stakes could be one explanation. Study 1 experimentally manipulated the stakes by imposing a performance‐contingent, social‐evaluative pressure either: before instruction (n = 66), before testing (n = 61), or none (n = 54). Pressure, particularly when experienced during instruction, reduced learning among girls. In contrast, boys trended toward enhanced learning under pressure. In the absence of pressure, girls exhibited strikingly larger gains in learning. Study 2 drew from a larger dataset (n = 386) to interrogate whether girls' superior learning in the no‐pressure context might simply be an artifact of differences in prior knowledge, cognitive resources, or demographic variables, but the effect replicated and was not explained by these factors.
‘A whole lot of uncertainty’: A qualitative study exploring clinical medical students' experiences of uncertainty stimuli
Authors: Stephens Georgina C. , Sarkar Mahbub , Lazarus Michelle D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionUncertainty tolerance (UT) describes how individuals respond to stimuli of uncertainty, with low UT among medical doctors and students linked to negative outcomes such as burnout. UT research in medical education has focused on measuring the construct, with little research seeking to understand how medical students experience uncertainty. Hence, knowledge on how education may shape students' UT development is lacking. As a first step to understanding students' UT, we asked ‘How do medical students, in their clinical years, experience uncertainty stimuli?’MethodsUtilising a social constructionist approach, we undertook a qualitative study with 41 clinical years medical students. Data were collected during the 2020 academic year employing in‐semester reflective diary entries (n = 230 entries), and semi‐structured interviews at the end of semesters (n = 40 interviews). Data were analysed by framework analysis.ResultsStudents described three major themes of uncertainty stimuli: (i) educational uncertainty, (ii) professional uncertainty and (iii) clinical uncertainty. Educational uncertainty was the dominant stimulus described by students and represents unknowns related to what students needed to learn and how to learn within the context of clinical placements. Professional uncertainty encompassed questions about who students are as developing professionals and who they would be as doctors. Clinical uncertainty was the least represented stimulus and concerned aspects of patient care where the body of medical knowledge is unable to provide clear answers.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that clinical learners experience wide reaching uncertainties and suggest that students' stimuli may differ from those of clinicians with more established knowledge and careers. This work now paves the way forward in developing educational interventions to foster UT, such as modifying uncertainties not integral to learning, and purposefully introducing clinical uncertainties relevant to students' learning stage.
Conclusion: General and Particular Challenges of Expert Witnessing
Authors: Torres M. Gabriela , Staszkow Tatianna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe concluding reflection of the special section “Expert Witnessing in Asylum Practice” puts the particular challenges for anthropologists in context. It highlights the ways that issues of essentialism are particular to our discipline and points to current and future general challenges for expert witnesses working in the U.S. asylum system.
Metataxonomic and metabolomic evidence of biofilm homeostasis disruption related to caries: An in vitro study
Authors: Sánchez María C. , Velapatiño Angela , Llama‐Palacios Arancha , Valdés Alberto , Cifuentes Alejandro , Ciudad María J. , Collado Luis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ecological dysbiosis of a biofilm includes not only bacterial changes but also changes in their metabolism. Related to oral biofilms, changes in metabolic activity are crucial endpoint, linked directly to the pathogenicity of oral diseases. Despite the advances in caries research, detailed microbial and metabolomic etiology is yet to be fully clarified. To advance this knowledge, a meta‐taxonomic approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and an untargeted metabolomic approach based on an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS) were conducted. To this end, an in vitro biofilm model derived from the saliva of healthy participants were developed, under commensal and cariogenic conditions by adding sucrose as the disease trigger. The cariogenic biofilms showed a significant increase of Firmicutes phyla (p = 0.019), due to the significant increase in the genus Streptococcus (p = 0.010), and Fusobacter (p < 0.001), by increase Fusobacterium (p < 0.001) and Sphingomonas (p = 0.024), while suffered a decrease in Actinobacteria (p < 0.001). As a consequence of the shift in microbiota composition, significant extracellular metabolomics changes were detected, showed 59 metabolites of the 120 identified significantly different in terms of relative abundance between the cariogenic/commensal biofilms (Rate of change > 2 and FDR < 0.05). Forty‐two metabolites were significantly higher in abundance in the cariogenic biofilms, whereas 17 metabolites were associated significantly with the commensal biofilms, principally related protein metabolism, with peptides and amino acids as protagonists, latter represented by histidine, arginine, l‐methionine, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine derivatives.
Transcriptome and hyperspectral profiling allows assessment of phosphorus nutrient status in rice under field conditions
Authors: Takehisa Hinako , Ando Fuminori , Takara Yohei , Ikehata Akifumi , Sato Yutaka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the macronutrients indispensable for crop production, and therefore it is important to understand the potential of plants to adapt to low P conditions. We compared growth and leaf genome‐wide transcriptome of four rice cultivars during growth between two fields with different amount of available phosphate and further analysed the acceptable range of P levels for normal growth from the view of both appearance traits and internal P nutrient status, which was measured by profiling the expression of the P indicator gene. This demonstrated that rice plants have a robustness to moderate P‐deficient conditions expressing a system for P acquisition and usage without any effects on yield potential and that P indicator gene expression could be a useful index for early diagnosis of P status in plants. To develop a simple method for assessment of P status, we tried to predict the expression level using reflectance spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, thereby providing models with good performance. Our findings suggest that rice plants have the potential to adapt to moderate low P conditions in the field and showed that the hyperspectral technique is one of the useful tools for simple measurement of molecular‐level dynamics reflecting internal nutrient conditions.
New insights into the pathogenesis of Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Li Wei , Hao Chan‐Juan , Hao Zhen‐Hua , Ma Jing , Wang Qiao‐Chu , Yuan Ye‐Feng , Gong Juan‐Juan , Chen Yuan‐Ying , Yu Jia‐Ying , Wei Ai‐Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is characterized by defects of multiple tissue‐specific lysosome‐related organelles (LROs), typically manifesting with oculocutaneous albinism or ocular albinism, bleeding tendency, and in some cases with pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease or immunodeficiency, neuropsychological disorders. Eleven HPS subtypes in humans and at least 15 subtypes in mice have been molecularly identified. Current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HPS is focusing on the defective biogenesis of LROs. Compelling evidences have shown that HPS protein‐associated complexes (HPACs) function in cargo transport, cargo recycling, and cargo removal to maintain LRO homeostasis. Further investigation on the molecular and cellular mechanism of LRO biogenesis and secretion will be helpful for better understanding of its pathogenesis and for the precise intervention of HPS.
Evolution of incidence of chilblain‐like lesions in children during the first year of COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Bascuas‐Arribas Marta , Andina‐Martinez David , Añon‐Hidalgo Juan , Alonso‐Cadenas Jose Antonio , Hernandez‐Martin Angela , Lamagrande‐Casanova Nuria , Noguero‐Morel Lucero , Mateos‐Mayo Ana , Colmenero‐Blanco Isabel , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has brought innumerable reports of chilblains. The relation between pernio‐like acral eruptions and COVID‐19 has not been fully elucidated because most reported cases have occurred in patients with negative microbiological tests for SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsA retrospective study of 49 cases of chilblains seen during the first year of the pandemic in a children's hospital in Madrid, Spain. The incidence of these skin lesions was correlated with the number of COVID‐19 admissions and environmental temperatures. Patients were separated into two groups depending on the day of onset (strict lockdown period vs. outside the lockdown period).ResultsMost chilblains cases presented during the first and third waves of the pandemic, paralleling the number of COVID‐19 admissions. The first wave coincided with a strict lockdown, and the third wave coincided with the lowest ambient seasonal temperatures of the year. Systemic symptoms preceding chilblains were more frequent in the first wave (45.8% vs. 8.0%, p = .002), as was the co‐occurrence with erythema multiforme‐like lesions (16.7% vs. 0%, p = .033). Laboratory test and skin biopsies were performed more frequently in the first wave (75.0% vs. 12.0%, p < .001; and 25.0% vs. 0%, p = .007; respectively). Five patients developed recurrent cutaneous symptoms.ConclusionsAn increased incidence of chilblains coincided not only with the two major waves of the pandemic, but also with the strict lockdown period in the first wave and low seasonal temperatures during the third wave. Both increased sedentary behaviors and cold environmental temperatures may have played an additive role in the development of COVID‐19‐related chilblains.
Genome‐wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the ammonium transporter gene family in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)
Authors: Wang Yu , Xuan Yi‐Min , Wang Shu‐Mao , Fan Dong‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐Chang , Zheng Xin‐Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a preferred nitrogen form, ammonium (NH4+) transport via specific transporters is particularly important for the growth and development of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). However, our understanding of the functions of the AMT family in tea plants is limited. We identified and named 16 putative AMT genes according to phylogenetic analysis. All CsAMT genes were divided into three groups, distributed on 12 chromosomes with only one segmental duplication repetition. The CsAMT genes showed different expression levels in different organs, and most of them were expressed mainly in the apical buds and roots. Complementation analysis of yeast mutants showed that CsAMTs restored the uptake of NH4+. This study provides insights into the genome‐wide distribution and spatial expression of AMT genes in tea plants.