bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of information nudges on online purchases of meat alternatives
Authors: Segovia Michelle S. , Yu No‐Ya , Van Loo Ellen J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effect of health and environmental information messages on purchases of meat and plant‐based alternatives in a non‐hypothetical online supermarket experiment. When controlling for observables, we find the health information nudge to be effective at motivating meat eaters to purchase plant‐based meat alternatives. This effect is absent when providing environmental information or its combination with health information. We also find that meat eaters implicitly perceive meat to be healthier but environmentally unsustainable compared to plant‐based alternatives. Our findings provide insights as to how to steer consumers towards meat alternative purchases under different information types in an online supermarket.
Floral evolution and pollinator diversification in Hedychium: Revisiting Darwin's predictions using an integrative taxonomic approach
Authors: Ashokan Ajith , Leong‐Škorničková Jana , Suksathan Piyakaset , Newman Mark , Kress W. John , Gowda Vinita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPremiseHedychium J. Koenig (Zingiberaceae) is endemic to the Indo‐Malayan Realm and is known for its colorful and fragrant flowers. Historically, two different pollination syndromes characterize Hedychium: diurnal or bird pollination, and nocturnal or moth pollination. In this study, we aim to understand the evolution of nocturnal and diurnal flowers, and to test its putative association with lineage diversification in Hedychium.MethodsA molecular tree of Hedychium was used as a scaffold upon which we estimated ancestral character states, phylogenetic signals, and correlations for certain categorical and continuous floral traits. Furthermore, we used phylomorphospace and trait‐dependent diversification rate estimation analyses to understand phenotypic evolution and associated lineage diversification in Hedychium.ResultsAlthough floral color and size lacked any association with specific pollinators, white or pale flowers were most common in the early branching clades when compared to bright‐colored flowers, which were more widely represented in the most‐derived clade IV. Five categorical and two continuous characters were identified to have informative evolutionary patterns, which also emphasized that ecology may have played a critical role in the diversification of Hedychium.ConclusionsFrom our phylogenetic analyses and ecological observations, we conclude that specializations in pollinator interactions are rare in the hyperdiverse clade IV, thus challenging the role of both moth‐specialization and bird‐specialization as central factors in the diversification of Hedychium. However, our results also suggest that clade III (predominantly island clade) may show specializations, and future studies should investigate ecological and pollinator interactions, along with inclusion of new traits such as floral fragrance and anthesis time.
Protective effect of luteolin against chemical and natural toxicants by targeting NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Mahdiani Sina , Omidkhoda Navid , Heidari Shadi , Hayes A. Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHumans are continuously exposed to environmental, occupational, consumer and household products, food, and pharmaceutical substances. Luteolin, a flavone from the flavonoids family of compounds, is found in different fruits and vegetables. LUT is a strong anti‐inflammatory (via inhibition of NF‐κB, ERK1/2, MAPK, JNK, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α) and antioxidant agent (reducing ROS and enhancement of endogenous antioxidants). LUT can chelate transition metal ions responsible for ROS generation and consequently repress lipoxygenase. It has been proven that NF‐κB, as a commom cellular pathway plays a considerable role in the progression of inflammatory process and stimulates the expression of genes encoding inducible pro‐inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX‐2) and cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. This review summarizes the available literature discussing LUT and its potential protective role against pharmaceuticals‐, metals‐, and environmental compounds‐induced toxicities. Furthermore, the review explains the involved protective mechanisms, especially inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway.
Using large databases to study cancer genomics in an undergraduate classroom
Authors: Melloy Patricia G. , Chiswell Brian , Peterson Celeste 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCancer databases collect original cancer studies and patient clinical information into one site that allows for global analysis. While many courses focus on cancer, few utilize these powerful cancer databases. Our goal was to create a lab experience in which students could explore original cancer study databases, looking at the expression and incidence of driver mutations of cancer. First, the students focus on a specific patient including demographic data and type of cancer. Then the students analyze mRNA expression levels associated with mutations of the gene, determining if it is a tumor suppressor or oncogene. Students also learn which mutations are actionable and how they affect survival. In summary, this module allows students to analyze global trends in driver mutations in cancers and dive into specific patient features.
Deep eutectic solvent as the acceptor phase in three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid insecticides from environmental water samples prior to HPLC
Authors: Ezoddin Maryam , Naraki Karim , Abdi Khosrou , Rahimi Kakavandi Nader , Ghazi‐Khansari Mahmoud , H. S. Javadi Mahdiyeh , Pirooznia Nazanin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a deep eutectic solvent as the acceptor phase was applied in three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction for the microextraction of two pyrethroids (permethrin as well as deltamethrin) from environmental water samples prior to HPLC–UV. A deep eutectic solvent was synthesized of tetrabutylammonium bromide–decanoic acid (in a ratio of 1:2) as an acceptor phase and 1‐decanol was applied as a supported liquid membrane. Some main variables affecting the extraction recoveries, comprising the types/contents of extraction solvent and acceptor phase, stirring speed, sample phase pH and extraction time, were checked and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits and limits of quantitation determined were 0.09–0.12 and 0.29–0.39 μgl−1for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively. The enrichment factors were 627 and 613, while the relative standard deviations (n = 5) were 4.8 and 5.7%, for deltamethrin and permethrin, respectively. The created technique was assessed as satisfactory to ascertain the two pyrethroid poisons (permethrin and deltamethrin) in environmental water samples.
Genetic variants in RNA m5C modification genes associated with survival and chemotherapy efficacy of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Silu , Cao Xiangming , Ben Shuai , Zhu Lingjun , Gu Dongying , Wu Yuan , Li Shuwei , Yu Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant digestive tract tumors with a poor prognosis. RNA 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) is an important posttranscriptional widespread modification involved in many biological processes. However, the association between genetic variations of m5C modification genes and the prognostic value of colorectal cancer remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated the association between candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 m5C modification genes and colorectal cancer overall survival (OS) after chemotherapy by the Cox regression model. The combined effect of selected SNPs on OS, progression‐free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR) was assessed by the number of risk alleles (NRA). The GTEx and TCGA database were used to perform expression qualitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis.ResultsWe identified that two SNPs in YBX1 were associated with OS after chemotherapy (HR = 1.43, p = 0.001 for rs10890208; HR = 1.36, p = 0.025 for rs3862218). A striking dose–response effect between NRA and OS after chemotherapy was found (ptrend = 0.002). The DCR of patients receiving oxaliplatin chemotherapy in the 3–4 NRA group was markedly reduced in comparison to that in the 0–2 NRA group (OR = 1.49, p = 0.036). Moreover, YBX1 mRNA expression was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues (p < 0.05) in the TCGA database, and eQTL analysis demonstrated that the two SNPs were associated with YBX1 (p = 0.003 for rs10890208 and p = 0.024 for rs3862218).ConclusionOur study indicates that genetic variants in m5C modification genes may mediate changes in YBX1 mRNA levels and affect the chemotherapeutic efficacy of colorectal cancer patients.
Controlling Electronic Events Through Rational Structural Design in Subphthalocyanine–Corrole Dyads: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Mariñas Víctor , Platzer Benedikt , Labella Jorge , Caroleo Fabrizio , Nardis Sara , Paolesse Roberto , Guldi Dirk M. , Torres Tomás 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPorphyrinoids are considered perfect candidates for their incorporation into electron donor–acceptor (D–A) arrays due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and low reorganization energies. For the first time, a series of subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and corrole (Cor) were covalently connected through a short‐range linkage. SubPc axial substitution strategies were employed, which allowed the synthesis of the target molecules in decent yields. In this context, a qualitative synthetic approach was performed to reverse the expected direction of the different electronic events. Consequently, in‐depth absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical assays enabled the study of electronic and photophysical properties. Charge separation was observed in cases of electron‐donating Cors, whereas a quantitative energy transfer from the Cor to the SubPc was detected in the case of electron accepting Cors.
Water Reduction and Dihydrogen Addition in Aqueous Conditions With ansa‐Phosphinoborane
Authors: Sorochkina Kristina , Chernichenko Konstantin , Zhivonitko Vladimir V. , Nieger Martin , Repo Timo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrtho‐phenylene‐bridged phosphinoborane (2,6‐Cl2Ph)2B‐C6H4‐PCy2 1 was synthesized in three steps from commercially available starting materials. 1 reacts with H2 or H2O under mild conditions to form corresponding zwitterionic phosphonium borates 1‐H2 or 1‐H2O. NMR studies revealed both reactions to be remarkably reversible. Thus, when exposed to H2, 1‐H2O partially converts to 1‐H2 even in the presence of multiple equivalents of water in the solution. The addition of parahydrogen to 1 leads to nuclear spin hyperpolarization both in dry and hydrous solvents, confirming the dissociation of 1‐H2O to free 1. These observations were supported by computational studies indicating that the formation of 1‐H2 and 1‐H2O from 1 are thermodynamically favored. Unexpectedly, 1‐H2O can release molecular hydrogen to form phosphine oxide 1‐O. Kinetic, mechanistic, and computational (DFT) studies were used to elucidate the unique “umpolung” water reduction mechanism.
Removal of Bisphenol A Using Laccase‐Catalyzed Electrooxidation in the Presence of Humic Acid
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Hoang , Dao Van‐Duong , Ngo Thi Thuy Huong , Nguyen Thi Hanh Tien , Nguyen Quoc Tuan , Le Thanh Thao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine‐disrupting chemical that has caught a lot of attention recently due to its toxicity and ubiquitous presence in the environment. Therefore, removal of BPA from contaminated environments such as water is of high importance. In this study, an alginate/pectin anode containing immobilized laccase is prepared, and the anode is applied in an electroenzymatic oxidation system for BPA degradation. After 4 h, the laccase–alginate/pectin system demonstrates a much higher BPA removal efficiency (95%) than the similar system without immobilized laccase (50%, control system). The effects of humic acids (HA) on BPA degradation are also observed. HA may have accelerated the laccase‐catalyzed coupling reaction between BPA and reactive radical intermediates, which results in increased BPA removal efficiency (92% after 150 min). It is demonstrated that laccase immobilization on an alginate/pectin electrode can greatly enhance BPA removal via electrooxidation. Humic acids which are abundantly present in nature can also make this removal process faster. Overall, this study highlights the great application potential of laccase‐immobilized bioelectrodes for BPA removal in conditions close to real‐life scenarios.
The relative proportion of comorbidities among rhinitis and rhinosinusitis patients and their impact on visit burden
Authors: Nuutinen Mikko , Lyly Annina , Virkkula Paula , Hytönen Maija , Saarentaus Elmo , Mäkitie Antti , Palotie Aarno , Torkki Paulus , Haukka Jari , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the relative proportion of Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) and other comorbidities, and their impact on the burden of outpatient visits due to allergic rhinitis (AR), non‐allergic rhinitis (NAR), acute rhinosinusitis (ARS), and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP).MethodsWe used hospital registry data of a random sample of 5080 rhinitis/rhinosinusitis patients diagnosed during 2005–2019. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD10) diagnoses, visits, and other factors were collected from electronic health records by using information extraction and data processing methods. Cox's proportional hazards model was used for modeling the time to the next outpatient visit.ResultsThe mean (±standard deviation) age of the population was 33.6 (±20.7) years and 56.1% were female. The relative proportion of AR, NAR, ARS, CRSsNP and CRSwNP, were 33.5%, 27.5%, 27.2%, 20.7%, and 10.9%, respectively. The most common other comorbidities were asthma (44.4%), other chronic respiratory diseases (38.5%), musculoskeletal diseases (38.4%), and cardiovascular diseases (35.7%). Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease existed in 3.9% of all patients, and 17.7% of the CRSwNP group. The relative proportion of subjects having 1, 2, 3 and ≥ 4 other diseases were 18.0%, 17.6%, 17.0%, 37.0%, respectively. All diseases except AR, ARS, and mouth breathing, were associated with a high frequency of outpatient visits.ConclusionsOur results revealed a high relative proportion of NERD and other comorbidities, which affect the burden of outpatient visits and hence confirm the socioeconomic impact of upper airway diseases.
Comparative analysis of astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex of primates: Insights into the evolution of human brain energetics
Authors: Munger Emily L. , Edler Melissa K. , Hopkins William D. , Hof Patrick R. , Sherwood Chet C. , Raghanti Mary Ann 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAstrocytes are the main homeostatic cell of the brain involved in many processes related to cognition, immune response, and energy expenditure. It has been suggested that the distribution of astrocytes is associated with brain size, and that they are specialized in humans. To evaluate these, we quantified astrocyte density, soma volume, and total glia density in layer I and white matter in Brodmann's area 9 of humans, chimpanzees, baboons, and macaques. We found that layer I astrocyte density, soma volume, and ratio of astrocytes to total glia cells were highest in humans and increased with brain size. Overall glia density in layer I and white matter were relatively invariant across brain sizes, potentially due to their important metabolic functions on a per volume basis. We also quantified two transporters involved in metabolism through the astrocyte‐neuron lactate shuttle, excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). We expected these transporters would be increased in human brains due to their high rate of metabolic consumption and associated gene activity. While humans have higher EAAT2 cell density, GLUT1 vessel volume, and GLUT1 area fraction compared to baboons and chimpanzees, they did not differ from macaques. Therefore, EAAT2 and GLUT1 are not related to increased energetic demands of the human brain. Taken together, these data provide evidence that astrocytes play a unique role in both brain expansion and evolution among primates, with an emphasis on layer I astrocytes having a potentially significant role in human‐specific metabolic processing and cognition.
Mechanochemistry: New Tools to Navigate the Uncharted Territory of “Impossible” Reactions
Authors: Cuccu Federico , De Luca Lidia , Delogu Francesco , Colacino Evelina , Solin Niclas , Mocci Rita , Porcheddu Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMechanochemical transformations have made chemists enter unknown territories, forcing a different chemistry perspective. While questioning or revisiting familiar concepts belonging to solution chemistry, mechanochemistry has broken new ground, especially in the panorama of organic synthesis. Not only does it foster new “thinking outside the box”, but it also has opened new reaction paths, allowing to overcome the weaknesses of traditional chemistry exactly where the use of well‐established solution‐based methodologies rules out progress. In this Review, the reader is introduced to an intriguing research subject not yet fully explored and waiting for improved understanding. Indeed, the study is mainly focused on organic transformations that, although impossible in solution, become possible under mechanochemical processing conditions, simultaneously entailing innovation and expanding the chemical space.
An Integrated Design of Electrodes for Flexible Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Wen‐Hao , Li Yue‐Ming , Yang Jia‐Lin , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to the widespread employment of carbon materials in novel dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) with high energy density, they possess the potential for large‐scale energy storage and are inexpensive and environmentally friendly. However, drawbacks such as Al current collector corrosion and significant self‐weight, as well as lithium metal abuse and poor deposition reversibility, impair the energy density and cycle performance of lithium–graphite DIBs (Li−G DIBs), severely limiting their application potential. Therefore, an integrated electrode structure design was proposed. That is, the flexible graphite and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composite cathode (GSC), which is light‐weight and self‐supporting, and the self‐supporting lithium metal anode, which is loaded on the flexible carbon cloth (CC) derived from waste mask (Li@CC), were prepared. Not only were the impacts of current collector corrosion and active material exfoliation avoided on the electrochemical performance, but the areal loading of Li metal was also regulated and its reversibility of deposition enhanced. At a current density of 200 mA g−1, the constructed Li@CC//GSC full cell could release a specific capacity of 100.5 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention rate after 300 cycles was greater than 80 %. Moreover, the fabricated flexible Li@CC//GSC full cell is not only recyclable and produces less environmental pollution but also has potential applications in wearable devices.
Performance estimation of image transmission in indoor visible light communication system based on variable pulse position modulation
Authors: Priyanka  , Singh Maninder Lal , Singh Mandeep , Gill Harpuneet Singh , Kaur Sehajpal , Kaur Hardeep , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe dimming control feature of light‐emitting diode (LED) makes it a viable candidate for indoor lighting applications. In this study, the performance of variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) based visible light communication (VLC) system is investigated in detail for an office room of 5 × 5 × 3‐m3 dimensions. A total of four LED lamps having Lambertian radiation patterns are mounted over the ceiling of the room. Several receiver locations are chosen over the three different trajectories to evaluate the error performance of the proposed system. The height of the receiver plane is also varied to find the optimum height where error‐free data reception is achieved. Moreover, an effort is made to optimize the dimming percentage of the transmitted signal using VPPM in terms of bit error rate (BER), where the illumination requirements over the receiver plane are also as per the International Standards of Organization (ISO). The results show that the duty cycle of 50% is optimum for efficient system performance. Furthermore, a colored image is transmitted through the proposed system and the computed results reveal that satisfactory BER performance and good quality of the image is received at receiver heights ranging from 0.85 to 1.7 m, that is, approximately 2.75 to 5.6 ft above the ground plane.
Titanium(IV) Alkoxide‐Carbamate Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Potential in H2O2‐Oxidation of Organic Sulfides
Authors: Bresciani Giulio , Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNovel titanium alkoxide‐carbamate complexes, i. e. [Ti(OiPr)2(O2CNR2)2]m (R=Et, 1; R=iPr, 2; R=Bn=CH2Ph, 3), were synthesized in 87–94 % yields by using two distinct synthetic approaches, i. e. the reaction of [Ti(OiPr)4] with [Ti(O2CNR)4] (1 : 1 molar ratio) in dichloromethane solution, and the addition of [Ti(OiPr)4] to amine/CO2 mixture in toluene (amine/Ti ratio=2). The liquid products 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of 1 was optimized by DFT calculations. Combined, experimental and theoretical outcomes suggest a trinuclear structure for 1–3, with the carbamates acting as bridging bidentate ligands. Compound 2 revealed the most effective of the series in promoting the oxidation of a series of organic sulfides into the corresponding sulfones, working generally better than 1 and 3 and the homoleptic counterparts [Ti(OiPr)4] or [Ti(O2CNEt2)4]. However, [Ti(OiPr)4] exhibited the best performance in the conversion of tetrahydrothiophene to tetrahydrothiophene 1,1‐dioxide, instead [Ti(O2CNEt2)4] was the most suitable catalyst for the mono‐oxygenation of dibenzylsulfide. NMR and DFT studies indicate that mononuclear bis‐methanol adducts, bearing the solvent molecules trans‐located with respect to the isopropoxides, are plausible active species in the catalytic cycle.