bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frictional Power Evaluation of Additive-Mixture in Trimethylolpropane Trioleate Oil using Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Authors: Syahir A. Z. , Masjuki H. H. , Yusoff M. N. A. M. , Ibrahim T. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rapid depletion of petroleum sources and increase of demand for environmentally friendly products has urged the need for biodegradable lubricants to be utilized in various applications, especially for internal combustion (IC) engine lubrication. To perform on par with the commercial engine oils, bio-based lubricants need to be further improved through the addition of appropriate additives. This study investigates the synergistic performance of additive-mixture comprising of ionic liquids (IL), glycerol monooleate (GMO), molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle in trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) ester base oil. Lubricity performances of the prepared sample were evaluated in the context of tribological improvement using laboratory tribotester as well as friction power reduction in actual single-cylinder diesel engine. From a prior study, it was found that additive mixture containing 0.93 wt.% IL, 1.49 wt.% GMO, 0.52 wt.% MoDTC, and 1.25wt.% TiO2 was able to provide substantial friction and wear as well as extreme pressure improvements. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the formulation can offer the same performance on the actual engine in conjunction to the laboratory bench test. To do so, two different types of engine tests were conducted which are that standard engine performance test and also the Willans line test to evaluate the engine frictional power. The performance of the additives-TMPTO mixture was compared directly to those of commercial SAE 0W-30 engine lubricant. In the standard engine performance test, it was found that the additives-TMPTO mixture performed better than commercial SAE 0W-30 engine lubricant in terms of 2.5% higher maximum torque value, 3% higher overall brake power output, 10% lower brake specific fuel consumption and 12% higher brake thermal efficiency throughout the conducted test speed of 800 to 2300 rpm. Through the Willans line test, it was found that the additives-TMPTO mixture showed better results than the commercial SAE 0W-30 engine lubricant in terms of 20-25% lower frictional power at 900, 1200 and 1500 rpm. Overall, these results further justify the enhanced lubrication properties of the formulated bio-based oil in addition to the prior conducted tribological analyses.
Numerical simulation of axially impacted elastic bar
Authors: Hamdani A. , Pankaj P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This numerical analysis considers a model of an elastic cylindrical bar impacted by rigid mass, where the accuracy of the model is benchmarked by a closed-form solution developed for this impact process. The analytical solution provides theoretical background and understanding, however, practical problem is not always restricted to a simple one-dimensional geometry and boundary conditions of a purely elastic material behaviour. Hence, the current work numerically simulates the impacted elastic bar, then explores parameters which are not considered in its theoretical model. A two-dimensional (2D) solid axisymmetric system is considered, in which rigid impactor is assigned with initial velocity corresponding to certain drop height and a 2D contact type is defined between interacting bodies. Both elastic and time-dependent viscoelastic material models are considered in this study. The simulation results reveal time intervals gradually increase in every sequential intervals, while relatively small discrepancies are recorded for peak load and pulse width outputs. The parameters of impactor’s mass, drop height and structural stiffness are varied; showing how these parameters individually affect the resulting force response at end struck. The models then evaluate time-dependent viscoelastic material model; showing stiffer response of the resulting force in comparison to models assigned with long-term elastic moduli. Derived elastic modulus-output variable relations show comparable mathematical forms to corresponding equations formulated analytically.
An investigation on structural dynamic modification of a machine casing
Authors: Hanouf Zahir , Abdelrahman Ahmed , Ahmad Kartini 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Investigation on structural dynamic characteristic is a crucial step in the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) analysis in order to enhance the structural vibration, which subsequently contribute to improving the acoustical environment. The excitation of the structure can produce high vibration which could be transferred to the other parts of the body, then lead to high noise radiating components. Structural dynamic modification is one of the important techniques in the design of mechanical structures. It is an application of experimental modal analysis technique to investigate the effect of the physical and geometrical parameters on the dynamic properties of the structures such as frequencies and mode shapes. This paper investigates the dynamic properties of a machine casing structure which is extensively used in industrial applications. This investigation had successfully produced natural frequencies and their associated mode shapes of such open box for the original structure and modified structure. The study establishes the step-by-step procedures to carry out experimental modal analysis on the structures, using single input excitation and single output responses (SISO) technique. To ensure the validity of the results obtained an inverse method was done by fixing the response and moving the excitation. The results found were absolutely the same. Finally, comparison between results obtained from analysis showed significant differences on both frequencies and mode shapes.
The Effect of Cutting Speeds on Tool Wear and Surface Roughness when Milling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Mustafa Aisyah Madihah , Shahruddin Najlah Sakinah , Halim Nor Farah Huda Abdul , Rozhan Alya Naili , Hattiar Maziati Akmal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carbon fibre reinforced polymeric material (CFRP) is increasingly being used to replace metallic materials, particularly in the automobile and aerospace industries. The mechanical properties of the CFRP such as excellent weight to strength ratio give beneficial outcome in improving the performance of the part made from CFRP. However, machining of CFRP such as milling is difficult and challenging due to the abrasiveness of the CFRP. Therefore, the influence of cutting speeds on tool wear and surface roughness when milling CFRP in a dry condition is the aim of this paper. The milling test was carried out using 6 mm WC-Co end mill tool having 30° helix angle. Milling of CFRP was performed with three different cutting speeds, Vc
(94, 113 and 132 m/min) while feed rate, f (1800 mm/min) and radial depth of cut, ae
(2 mm) were remained constant. Milling CFRP with Vc
=132 m/min resulted in increasing of tool wear by 15 % and increasing of surface roughness by 10% when compared with Vc
= 94 m/min. CFRP surface damages such as matrix smearing, delamination and fibre pull out was observed when milling with higher cutting speed.
Effect of process parameters on the laser microdrilling performance of stainless steel, aluminium and copper
Authors: Noor W. , Saleh T. , Rashid M. A. N. , Ibrahim A. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Micromachining techniques are being used regularly in various engineering and production sectors such as Micro Electromechanical Systems, Aerospace, Automotive, Electronics and Biomedical industries. For Laser Beam Micromachining, highly energized laser beam is focused on a small region of the workpiece surface. As a result, it is heated up rapidly to sufficiently high temperatures, then the material starts to melt and/or vaporize from the surface. This phenomenon of material removal is called laser ablation. The holes that are produced by one-dimensional laser beam drilling (LBD) can come with defects like taper, heat affected zone (HAZ) and Recast Layer. On the other hand, LBD process offers high control, high efficiency, precision, and production rate, particularly for drilling microscopic holes in a variety of materials. LBD performance is measured on different parameters such as taper and recast layer of the machined holes. Previous studies report many observations regarding the performance parameters and the process input parameters. But a thorough study of the performance parameters with respect to different material properties has not been reported yet. The research work for this paper focuses on the experimental investigation for different materials such as stainless steel (type SS304), Aluminum and Copper to observe the effects of Laser input parameters (namely laser power, scanning speed, and pulse repetition rate) on the performance of the LBD. The study also considers different thermophysical as well as optical properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting point, absorptivity and how it affects the outcome of LBD in a combined manner. Characterization of different output parameters such as Entry area, Exit Area and Recast Area is done by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) machine. For 75 Loop count, 90% Laser Power, 950 mm/s Scanning Speed and 10kHz pulse repetition rate, the highest amount of Recast Area is observed in SS, valued at 0.053 mm2. The largest amount of taperness is found in Cu at 44.404°. Scanning Speed and Laser Power has been identified as the most significant process factors for LBD performance.
Design of a versatile microfluidic device for imaging precision-cut-tissue slices
Authors: Rafiei Nafiseh , Moghadam Mohammadamir G , Au Aaron , Regeenes Romario , Chidambaram Subbulakshmi , Liang Tao , Wang Yufeng , Yip Christopher M , Gaisano Herbert , Rocheleau Jonathan V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Precision-cut-tissues (PCTs), which preserve many aspects of a tissue’s microenvironment, are typically imaged using conventional sample dishes and chambers. These can require large amounts of reagent and, when used for flow-through experiments, the shear forces applied on the tissues are often ill-defined. Their physical design also makes it difficult to image large volumes and repetitively image smaller regions of interest in the living slice. We report here on the design of a versatile microfluidic device capable of holding mouse or human pancreas PCTs for 3D fluorescence imaging using confocal and selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). Our design positions PCTs within a 5 × 5 mm × 140 µm deep chamber fitted with 150 µm tall channels to facilitate media exchange. Shear stress in the device is localized to small regions on the surface of the tissue and can be easily controlled. This design allows for media exchange at flowrates ∼10-fold lower than those required for conventional chambers. Finally, this design allows for imaging the same immunofluorescently labeled PCT with high resolution on a confocal and with large field of view on a SPIM, without adversely affecting image quality.
Influence of the thickness of the copper glaze layer on the color and its formation mechanism
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Kun , Chen Xin , Shi Wei , Li Xiaohong , Wang Shaohua , Chang Qibing , Wang Yongqing , Wang Qikun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of glaze layer thickness on the color properties of copper glaze were investigated, and the related mechanism was also revealed. The results manifest that the glaze thickness would affect the color of copper glaze. The color properties of copper glaze are determined by the phase-separated structure, the distribution of elements and the valence state of copper species. Due to the heterogeneous distribution behavior of the elements, the copper glazes with all thicknesses have three phase-separated structures, which are spherical (top layer), worm-like (interlayer) and nano-porous network-like (bottom layer). Simultaneously, the copper glazes with all thicknesses have three colors, of which the bottom layer of all samples is red. However, the color of the top layer gradually changes from milk white (0.2 mm) to cyan (0.4–0.6 mm) and then to blue (0.8–1.0 mm) with the green body thickness increases. The color of interlayer is the result of the color mixing of the top and bottom layer. A thicker green body thickness (>1 mm) could be propitious for copper glaze to present a superior color performance. This work provides a new and an easily overlooked perspective for the investigation of copper glaze.
Effect of ZnO nanoparticle content on the amorphousness of conducting jackfruit seed starch-PVA blend polymer electrolyte
Authors: Raihan R , Fairuzdzah A L , Asiah M N , Ali A M M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanocomposite polymer electrolyte films based on a blend of two polymers jackfruit seed starch (JSS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) complexed with nano-particle zinc oxide (ZnO) (i.e., (50 wt% JSS/50 wt% PVA) + x wt% ZnO where x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14) were prepared by using the casting solution method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been employed between the frequencies of 10 Hz and 1 MHz to get the optimum values of the conductivity of the prepared polymer electrolyte films. The effect of ZnO nano-filler concentration on the chemical bonding, crystallinity, morphology, and ionic conductivity has been studied. The maximum ionic conductivity at ambient temperature of 1.10 × 10–6S cm−1was obtained for (50 wt% JSS/50 wt% PVA) + 10 wt% ZnO JSS-PVA blend film and it is attributed to the highest amorphous content.
Functionality-switchable terahertz metamaterial with perfect absorption and circular dichroism
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zhu Zebin , Jiang Liyong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Terahertz functionality-switchable devices have drawn more and more attention in the past few years. Here we report a graphene-VO2 based planar terahertz metamaterial model which can support switchable functions between perfect absorption and circular dichroism (CD) by changing the phase of VO2. In particular, when VO2 is in the metal phase or insulator phase, the device can respectively work as a broadband perfect absorber with maximum absorption larger than 99% or an absorber with a CD value as high as about 0.5 for the left-handed polarized and right-handed polarized beams. We employ the coherent light absorption theory and mode coupling model of the U-shaped resonators to interpret the underlying mechanism of the device. Meanwhile, the performance of the device can be modulated on purpose by changing the chemical potential of graphene or the thickness of the SiO2 spacer layer.
Three enzymes of Rhizobium radiobacter involved in the novel metabolism of two naturally occurring bioactive oxidative derivatives of l-isoleucine
Authors: Fujii Hidemi , Hibi Makoto , Shimizu Sakayu , Yokozeki Kenzo , Ogawa Jun 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Rhizobium radiobacter C58 was found to convert 4-hydroxyisoleucine (HIL) and 2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoate (AMKP), bioactive oxidative derivatives of l-isoleucine, in both cases producing 2-aminobutyrate. Three native enzymes involved in these metabolisms were purified by column chromatography and successfully identified. In this strain, HIL was converted to acetaldehyde and 2-aminobutyrate by coupling action of the transaminase rrIlvE and the aldolase HkpA. AMKP was also converted to acetate and 2-aminobutyrate by coupling action of rrIlvE and a hydrolase DkhA. In the multi-enzymatic reactions, HkpA catalyzes the retro-aldol reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketopentanoate into acetaldehyde and 2-ketobutyrate, and DkhA catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond of 2,4-diketo-3-methylpentanoate into acetate and 2-ketobutyrate. rrIlvE catalyzes reversible transamination between HIL and 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketopentanoate, AMKP and 2,4-diketo-3-methylpentanoate, and 2-ketobutyrate and 2-aminobutyrate. The results suggested that the conversion activity of Rhizobium bacteria plays an important role in the complex biological metabolic networks associated with HIL and AMKP.
Biological Random Walks: multi-omics integration for disease gene prioritization
Authors: Gentili Michele , Martini Leonardo , Sponziello Marialuisa , Becchetti Luca 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationOver the past decade, network-based approaches have proven useful in identifying disease modules within the human interactome, often providing insights into key mechanisms and guiding the quest for therapeutic targets. This is all the more important, since experimental investigation of potential gene candidates is an expensive task, thus not always a feasible option. On the other hand, many sources of biological information exist beyond the interactome and an important research direction is the design of effective techniques for their integration.ResultsIn this work, we introduce the Biological Random Walks (BRW) approach for disease gene prioritization in the human interactome. The proposed framework leverages multiple biological sources within an integrated framework. We perform an extensive, comparative study of BRW’s performance against well-established baselines.Availability and implementationAll codes are publicly available and can be downloaded at https://github.com/LeoM93/BiologicalRandomWalks. We used publicly available datasets, details on their retrieval and preprocessing are provided in the Supplementary Material.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identification of cell-type-specific spatially variable genes accounting for excess zeros
Authors: Yu Jinge , Luo Xiangyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivationSpatial transcriptomic techniques can profile gene expressions while retaining the spatial information, thus offering unprecedented opportunities to explore the relationship between gene expression and spatial locations. The spatial relationship may vary across cell types, but there is a lack of statistical methods to identify cell-type-specific spatially variable (SV) genes by simultaneously modeling excess zeros and cell-type proportions.ResultsWe develop a statistical approach CTSV to detect cell-type-specific SV genes. CTSV directly models spatial raw count data and considers zero-inflation as well as overdispersion using a zero-inflated negative binomial distribution. It then incorporates cell-type proportions and spatial effect functions in the zero-inflated negative binomial regression framework. The R package pscl is employed to fit the model. For robustness, a Cauchy combination rule is applied to integrate P-values from multiple choices of spatial effect functions. Simulation studies show that CTSV not only outperforms competing methods at the aggregated level but also achieves more power at the cell-type level. By analyzing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma spatial transcriptomic data, SV genes identified by CTSV reveal biological insights at the cell-type level.Availability and implementationThe R package of CTSV is available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/CTSV.html.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
There is Room for Encouraging Conversion in the Scope of Bioethics Expertise
Authors: Brown Nathaniel J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities has developed a curriculum leading to a certificate in health care ethics consultation. A certification in ethics consultation initially seems to fit nicely into the biomedical model of clinical expertise espoused by modern biomedicine, but examining what exactly constitutes moral expertise, particularly for traditional Christians, reveals a significant problem: the certification relies on an implicit view of ethics as essentially procedural. It leaves virtually all serious moral content to be filled in, if at all, after an ostensibly neutral scaffolding has been erected. Such an approach does not help answer deep moral questions about how one should live, and it is these questions that ought to be encouraged during some conflicts that result in requests for ethics consultations. This paper suggests that, in certain circumstances, and for a subset of patients, encouraging conversion can help remedy the deficiency of an overly mechanized approach. A system open to conversion would have more room for Traditional Christians, regardless of the outcome, as it would take morality as lived, communal experience more seriously and help others, if desired, to do so as well.
Persistent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection With accumulation of mutations in a patient with poorly controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection
Authors: Maponga Tongai G , Jeffries Montenique , Tegally Houriiyah , Sutherland Andrew , Wilkinson Eduan , Lessells Richard J , Msomi Nokukhanya , van Zyl Gert , de Oliveira Tulio , Preiser Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A 22-year-old woman with uncontrolled advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was persistently infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) beta variant for 9 months, the virus accumulating &gt;20 additional mutations. Antiretroviral therapy suppressed HIV and cleared SARS-CoV-2 within 6 to 9 weeks. Increased vigilance is warranted to benefit affected individuals and prevent the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Multi-View Spatial–Temporal Graph Neural Network for Traffic Prediction
Authors: Li He , Jin Duo , Li XueJiao , Huang HongJie , Yun JinPeng , Huang LongJi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Spatial–temporal graph neural network has drawn more and more attention in recent years and is widely used to various real-world applications. However, learning the spatial–temporal graph neural network structure presents unique challenges including: (i) the dynamic spatial correlation; (ii) the dynamic temporal correlation. Even the existing methods take into account the spatial correlation, they still learn the static road network structure information, which cannot reflect the dynamic of road relations. Some of the works has focused on modeling the long-term time series, but the improvements have been limited tightly. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a novel approach called Multi-View Spatial–Temporal Graph Neural Network. Differ from the existing research, we designed a multi-view temporal transformer module to extract dynamic temporal correlation and enhance the expression of medium and long-term temporal features. We propose a multi-view spatial structure and a corresponding multi-view graph convolutional module, which are capable of simultaneously combining the features of static road network structure and dynamic changes. Compared with 11 baselines, our proposed model has achieved significant improvement in the accuracy of prediction.
Production of parchment legal deeds in England, 1690–1830
Authors: Doherty Sean Paul , Henderson Stuart 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Biomolecular analysis of historical parchment legal documents is providing new insight into their production and use. Successful interpretation of this data is dependent on understanding if the location and date written on the document accurately reflect where the animal from which the parchment was produced was raised and when it died. Our analysis reveals that the location the deed concerns, or that of the stationer through whom it was sold, typically bears no relation to the animal’s origin, but that the date the agreement was signed was probably only a few months after the animal’s death.