bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐disciplinary approach to chronic cough in children
Authors: Mukerji Shraddha S. , Yenduri Naga Jaya Smitha , Chiou Eric , Moonnumakal Siby P. , Bedwell Joshua R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectives(1) To highlight the important causes of chronic and recurrent cough in children. (2) To discuss multidisciplinary approach to management of chronic/recurrent pediatric cough.MethodsReview of scholarly articles, guidelines, expert panels via PubMed and Google Scholar.ConclusionChronic cough (CC) in children is mainly attributed to persistent bacterial bronchitis, asthma, nonspecific cough, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. A multi‐disciplinary approach is cost‐effective and aids with earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Congenital or acquired narrowing of the subglottis is the leading ENT cause for recurrent croup (RC) in children. Laryngeal cleft‐type 1 is commonly seen in children with recurrent aspiration and CC. Children are usually referred to pulmonologists for wet cough not responding to treatment. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and GERD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CC in children with both respiratory symptoms and failure to thrive.Level of Evidence: 2a
Bottom boundary layer mixing processes across internal seiche cycles: Dominance of downslope flows
Authors: Nielson Jeffrey R. , Henderson Stephen M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a stratified lake, where an internal seiche maintained an oscillating bottom boundary layer (BBL), processes including strain‐induced periodic stratification (SIPS), a downslope mean flow, and upslope‐propagating internal waves controlled fluctuating BBL mixing rates. To investigate these processes, high‐resolution temperature and velocity profiles were measured within 2 m of the sloping bed, through more than 100 cycles of upslope and downslope flows. The associated seiche‐induced velocity reversals coincided with the arrival of upslope‐propagating cold fronts. Although fronts are sometimes associated with internal wave breaking, in this lake the measured frontal slopes were small and breaking did not occur. When fronts were not propagating past instruments, near‐bed stratification was consistent with SIPS, being intensified by downslope flows and reduced by upslope flows. Owing to a downslope near‐bed mean flow, which was previously shown to cancel an upslope internal‐wave Stokes drift, peak downslope velocities regularly exceeded peak upslope velocities. Given these strong downslope velocities, turbulent dissipation rates were most intense during downslope phases. Therefore, during downslope flow, creation of stratification by SIPS coincided with elevated dissipation, creating conditions for effective mixing. Correspondingly, two simple parameterizations for mixing efficiency suggest that most of the total near‐bed buoyancy flux (≥ 82%), and most of the irreversible flux (87%), occurred during the downslope‐flow phase of internal seiche cycles. The observed mechanism for dominant mixing during downslope flow has potential to act in other environments where internal waves propagate up sloping beds.
Effects of Ni content on the corrosion behavior of Al0.5CoCrFeNix high entropy alloys in acid and alkaline media
Authors: Dong Qijuan , Jia Wenchao , Zhang Zequn , Zhang Dingxin , Wu Junsheng , Zhang Bowei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present work investigates the influence of Ni content on the microstructure evolution of Al0.5CoCrFeNix high‐entropy alloys followed by the study on their corrosion behavior in acid and alkaline solutions, respectively. The microscopic characterization demonstrates that the transformation from a BCC single‐phase to a triple‐phase (BCC + FCC + B2) structure occurs with the increase of Ni content. The corrosion behavior of Al0.5CoCrFeNix high‐entropy alloys was evaluated by electrochemical measurements coupled with morphology analysis. It is found that the corrosion on Al0.5CoCrFeNi0 high‐entropy alloy in both acid and alkaline media is uniform due to its homogeneous microstructure. In contrast, the increase of Ni content leads to the formation of Al, Ni enriched B2 phase with lower Volta potential, causing the respective occurrence of selective dissolution in acid and preferential oxidation in alkaline on the Al0.5CoCrFeNi0.2, Al0.5CoCrFeNi0.6, and Al0.5CoCrFeNi0.8 high‐entropy alloys.
Influence of Al and Fe additions on metal dusting of NiCr alloys
Authors: Schlereth Clara , Oskay Ceyhun , Hattendorf Heike , Nowak Benedikt , Galetz Mathias C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCorrosion by metal dusting causes problems in various industries that process carbonaceous gases. Recently, the chromium‐ and aluminum‐rich Ni‐based Alloy 699 XA was introduced as a material with high resistance against metal dusting attacks. In this study, the metal dusting degradation of Alloy 699 XA and model alloys was investigated. In the model alloys, the aluminum, chromium, and iron contents were varied to analyze the role of each element systematically. Alloy 602 CA was included as a reference material. It was found that the alloys with the highest chromium and aluminum contents (30 and 2–3 wt%, respectively) showed the highest resistance against metal dusting. Also, the limited addition of iron enhanced the aluminum activity and thereby promoted the formation and maintenance of an aluminum‐rich oxide scale. This effect at low iron levels is contrary to the negative impact of iron at higher levels, which typically leads to an increased metal dusting susceptibility. Exposure tests were performed with two gas mixtures having similar compositions, but different carbon activities. It was found that both gases had a similar aggressiveness regarding metal dusting attacks.
Side‐Chain Substituents on Benzotriazole‐Based Polymer Acceptors Affecting the Performance of All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Huiting , Li Yuxiang , Wu Ziang , Lin Francis R. , Woo Han Young , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecently, the strategy of polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs) has attracted extensive attention for applications in all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Although side‐chain engineering is considered as a simple and effective strategy for manipulating polymer properties, the corresponding effect on photovoltaic performance of PSMAs in all‐PSCs has not been systemically investigated. Herein, a series of PSMAs based on the benzotriazole (BTz)‐core fused SMAs with different N‐alkyl chains including branched 2‐butyloctyl, linear n‐octyl, and methyl on the BTz unit, namely PZT‐C12, PZT‐C8, and PZT‐C1, respectively, is presented. Comparative studies show that the size of alkyl chains has a significant impact on the solid‐state behavior of PZT polymers, which in turn affects their light absorption and charge transporting capacities, and subsequently the all‐PSC performances. When combining with the polymer donor PBDB‐T, PZT‐C1 affords a champion power conversion efficiency of 14.9%, compared to 13.1% of PZT‐C12, and 13.8% of PZT‐C8 in the resultant all‐PSCs, mainly benefiting from its better crystallinity and the more favorable blend morphology. This work emphasizes the importance of optimizing side‐chain substituents on PSMAs for improving the device efficiency of all‐PSCs.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Boosting the Study of Polymer Science
Authors: Ge Sheng , Wang Erjing , Li Jinhua , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe past one hundred years have witnessed the great development of polymer science. The advancement of polymer science is closely related with the development of characterization techniques and methods, from viscometry in molecular weight determination to advanced techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. However, these techniques are normally constrained to tedious sample preparation, high costs, harsh experimental conditions, or ex situ characterization. Fluorescence technology has the merits of high sensitivity and direct visualization. Contrary to conventional aggregation‐causing quenching fluorophores, those dyes with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics show high emission efficiency in aggregate states. Based on the restriction of intramolecular motions for AIE properties, the AIE materials are very sensitive to the surrounding microenvironments owing to the twisted propeller‐like structures and therefore offer great potential in the study of polymers. The AIE concept has been successfully used in polymer science and provides a deeper understanding on polymer structure and properties. In this review, the applications of AIEgens in polymer science for visualizing polymerization, glass transition, dissolution, crystallization, gelation, self‐assembly, phase separation, cracking, and self‐healing are exemplified and summarized. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives in the study of polymer science using AIEgens are addressed.
Realizing Ultrahigh Transconductance in Organic Electrochemical Transistor by Co‐Doping PEDOT:PSS with Ionic Liquid and Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
Authors: Wang Li , Sun Qizeng , Zhang Linrong , Wang Jin , Ren Guozhang , Yu Liuyingzi , Wang Kaili , Zhu Yameng , Lu Gang , Yu Hai‐Dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), especially the ones with high transconductance, are highly promising in sensitive detection of chemical and biological species. However, it is still a great challenge to design and fabricate OECTs with very high transconductance. Herein, an OECT with ultrahigh transconductance is reported by introducing ionic liquid and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSA) simultaneously in poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as the semiconductive channel. Compared with the OECT based on pristine PEDOT:PSS, the OECT based on co‐doped PEDOT:PSS demonstrates a significant enhancement of transconductance from 1.85 to 22.7 mS, because of the increase in volumetric capacitance and conductivity. The enhanced transconductance is attributed to the DBSA‐facilitated phase separation between the ionic liquid and PEDOT:PSS, which helps to form conductive domains of ionic liquid in PEDOT:PSS matrix, and the partial dispersion of ionic liquid in the PEDOT:PSS phase. Furthermore, by using the interdigitated electrodes as the source and drain electrodes, an ultrahigh transconductance of 180 mS is obtained, which is superior to that of the state‐of‐the‐art OECTs. Because of the ultrahigh transconductance, the obtained OECT demonstrates sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose, making it promising in clinical diagnosis, health monitoring, and environmental surveillance.
Quantitative analysis of Cu in Traditional Chinese medicinal materials using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Duixiong , Yang Fuchun , Su Maogen , Han Weiwei , Dong Chenzhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMM) play an important role in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology has great advantages in the detection of heavy metals in Chinese medicinal materials. In this study, the standard curve method and internal standard method were used to quantitatively analyze the heavy metal Cu in Angelica sinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis, and also partial least squares (PLS) and back‐propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) was performed by LIBS combined with stoichiometry; the univariate and multivariate regression models have been established to improve the quantitative analysis performance of LIBS. It can be seen that the results calculated by the internal standard method and the standard curve method have large errors. The results calculated by BP‐ANN are closer to the real value, followed by the PLS method. Therefore, LIBS technology combined with machine learning method can accurately and rapidly analyze heavy metals in TCMM.
Developing the World's Brightest WUXGA OLED Microdisplay
Authors: Ghosh Amal , Khayrullin Ilyas , Vazan Fridrich , Zhao Fangchao , Lin Howard , Prache Olivier , Sziklas Laurie , Peruvemba Sri , Sculley Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the advent of AR/VR technologies, microdisplay performance requirements are more demanding. Although OLED microdisplays are well suited to satisfy most of these stringent requirements, luminance still needs to be improved.
Well grounded: Indigenous Peoples' knowledge, ethnobiology and sustainability
Authors: Turner Nancy J. , Cuerrier Alain , Joseph Leigh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe biological knowledge and associated values and beliefs of Indigenous and other long‐resident Peoples are often overlooked and underrepresented in governance, planning and decision‐making at local, regional, national and international levels. Ethnobiology—the study of the dynamic relationships among peoples, biota and environments—is a field that places Indigenous Peoples' ecological knowledge and ways of knowing at the forefront of research interests, particularly in relation to the importance of biocultural diversity in sustaining the Earth's Ecosystems.In this paper, we examine the nature and significance of Indigenous Peoples' knowledge systems concerning environmental sustainability, as documented in collaborative ethnobiological research. We emphasize the diverse aspects of Indigenous knowledge in conservation, and the role played by ethnobiologists in respectfully highlighting this knowledge, and link these to the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Global Assessment's key levers and leverage points for enabling the transformative change required for achieving more sustainable lifeways. Drawing on diverse ways of knowing—respectfully, collaboratively, ethically and reciprocally—can help provide more detailed knowledge of local ecosystems, and guide all humans towards greater sustainability.From environmental monitoring, to building relationships with plants and the land, to ecological restoration, there are many lessons and ways in which the intersections between Indigenous knowledge and ethnobiology can inform and contribute to the future of humanity and other life on earth.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using olodaterol and other long‐acting beta2‐agonists
Authors: Rebordosa Cristina , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Montonen Jukka , Laugesen Kristina , Voss Florian , Aguado Jaume , Bothner Ulrich , Rothman Kenneth J. , Zint Kristina , Mines Daniel , Ehrenstein Vera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeWe examined the effect of olodaterol on the risk of myocardial ischaemia, cardiac arrhythmia, and all‐cause mortality compared with use of other long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABAs). Channelling bias was also explored.MethodsThis Danish population‐based cohort study used data linked from registries of hospital diagnoses, outpatient dispensings, and deaths. It included patients (aged ≥40 years) with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who initiated olodaterol or another LABA. Using matching and propensity score (PS) stratification, we calculated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression, followed by several additional analyses to evaluate and control channelling bias.ResultsThe IRRs of cardiac arrhythmias or myocardial ischaemia among users of olodaterol (n = 14 239) compared to users of other LABAs (n = 51 167) ranged from 0.96 to 1.65 in various analyses, although some estimates had low precision. Initial analysis suggested an increased risk for death with olodaterol compared with other LABAs (IRR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.44–1.84). Because olodaterol prescribing was associated with COPD severity, the mortality association was attenuated by using different methods of tighter confounding control: the IRRs were 1.26 (95% CI, 0.97–1.64) among LABA‐naïve LABA/LAMA users without recent COPD hospitalisation; 1.27 (95% CI, 1.03–1.57) in a population with additional trimming from the tails of the PS distribution; and 1.32 (95% CI, 1.19–1.48) after applying overlap‐weights analysis.ConclusionsOlodaterol users had a similar risk for cardiac arrhythmias or myocardial ischaemia as other LABA users. The observed excess all‐cause mortality associated with olodaterol use could be due to uncontrolled channelling bias.
Structured cyclic peptide mimics by chemical ligation
Authors: Atkinson Bethany C. , Thomson Andrew R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the development of a β‐turn mimic that allows the direct formation of cyclic peptides through a spontaneous cyclisation under standard solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) cleavage conditions. The mimic is formed via an acylhydrazone, which is either reduced in situ by triisopropylsilane‐trifluoroacetic acid, or which can be isolated and reduced in a separate step. This method uses commercially available reagents and is compatible with manual and automated SPPS methods. The cyclisation is tolerant of polar residues at the C‐terminal position, with the exception of asparagine, for which a subsequent structural rearrangement similar to aspartimide formation was observed. The cyclisation method has been shown to tolerate ring sizes equivalent to 5–10 amino acid residues. We have used this method to design and synthesise potential selective integrin binding sequences with controlled conformations.
Photovoltaic system monitoring and fault detection using peer systems
Authors: Alcañiz Alba , Nikam Maitheli M. , Snow Yitzi , Isabella Olindo , Ziar Hesan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMonitoring residential scale photovoltaic (PV) systems is important for maximizing the energy yield and detecting malfunctions. Analytical‐based approaches are not reliable in these systems because of the lack of on‐site measurements and detailed PV system specifications. In this paper, a collaborative approach is proposed which does not depend on weather data but on similar PV systems. Based on the so‐called performance‐to‐peer approach, the aim of this work is to improve this baseline model by adding PV systems characteristics and by optimizing with machine learning techniques. The methodology has been tested in a fleet of more than 12,000 PV systems located in the Netherlands with up to 7 years of data per system. The proposed model achieves an average of 94.1% and a NRMSE of 0.05, outperforming in terms of the baseline model by 1.4 points, and the analytical approach by 3.8. The data requirements of this model are not high: With 1,700 years of PV system data with daily resolution, the maximum performance can be achieved as long as a minimum of 6 months of data per system and 100 PV systems are considered. The application of this model for fault detection and categorization has also been shown. The proposed approach has shown its strengths with respect to other methods through its ability of distinguishing between system mismatch and actual fault and of adapting to new situations via retraining.
BREEZE: Open‐label clinical study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of treprostinil inhalation powder as Tyvaso DPI™ in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Spikes Leslie A. , Bajwa Abubakr A. , Burger Charles D. , Desai Sapna V. , Eggert Michael S. , El‐Kersh Karim A. , Fisher Micah R. , Johri Shilpa , Joly Joanna M. , Mehta Jinesh , Palevsky Harold I. , Ramani Gautam V. , Restrepo‐Jaramillo Ricardo , Sahay Sandeep , Shah Trushil G. , Deng Chunqin , Miceli Melissa , Smith Peter , Shapiro Shelley M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInhaled treprostinil is an approved therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease in the United States. Studies have confirmed the robust benefits and safety of nebulized inhaled treprostinil, but it requires a time investment for nebulizer preparation, maintenance, and treatment. A small, portable treprostinil dry powder inhaler has been developed for the treatment of PAH. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of treprostinil inhalation powder (TreT) in patients currently treated with treprostinil inhalation solution. Fifty‐one patients on a stable dose of treprostinil inhalation solution enrolled and transitioned to TreT at a corresponding dose. Six‐minute walk distance (6MWD), device preference and satisfaction (Preference Questionnaire for Inhaled Treprostinil Devices [PQ‐ITD]), PAH Symptoms and Impact (PAH‐SYMPACT®) questionnaire, and systemic exposure and pharmacokinetics for up to 5 h were assessed at baseline for treprostinil inhalation solution and at Week 3 for TreT. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with studies of inhaled treprostinil in patients with PAH, and there were no study drug‐related serious AEs. Statistically significant improvements occurred in 6MWD, PQ‐ITD, and PAH‐SYMPACT. Forty‐nine patients completed the 3‐week treatment phase and all elected to participate in an optional extension phase. These results demonstrate that, in patients with PAH, transition from treprostinil inhalation solution to TreT is safe, well‐tolerated, and accompanied by statistically significant improvements in key clinical assessments and patient‐reported outcomes with comparable systemic exposure between the two formulations at evaluated doses (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03950739).
Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Yang Jenny Z. , Odish Mazen F. , Mathers Hannah , Pebley Nicole , Wardi Gabriel , Papamatheakis Demosthenes G. , Poch David S. , Kim Nick H. , Fernandes Timothy M. , Sell Rebecca E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the past 20 years, despite significant advancements in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) medical therapy, many patients require admission to the hospital and are at risk for in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Prior data found poor survival in PAH patients after cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to explore post‐IHCA outcomes in PAH patients receiving advanced medical therapies. This is a single‐center retrospective study of PAH patients who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation for IHCA between July 2005 and May 2021. Patients were identified through an internal cardiac arrest database. Twenty six patients were included. Half of the cohort had idiopathic PAH, with 54% of patients on combination therapy, 27% on monotherapy, and 19% of patients on no therapy. Mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, and pulmonary vascular resistance were 13 ± 6 mmHg, 57 ± 13 mmHg, 2.0 ± 0.7 L/min/m2, and 14.5 ± 7.6 Wood units, respectively. Most common etiology of cardiac arrest was circulatory collapse. Initial arrest rhythm in all but one patient was pulseless electrical activity. Six patients (23%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and one patient (4%) survived to hospital discharge. Rates of ROSC and survival to discharge after IHCA are poor in patients with PAH. Even patients with mild hemodynamics had low likelihood of survival. In patients who are lung transplant candidates, there should be early consideration of extracorporeal support before cardiac arrest.