bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of next‐generation sequencing assisted pathogenic detection in immunocompromised hosts with pulmonary infection: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Donghui , Chen Shujing , Wang Ying , Hou Dongni , Chen Cuicui , Wang Linlin , Tang Xinjun , Chen Xiaoyan , Tong Lin , Zhang Yuye , Jiang Jinjun , Song Yuanlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary infections are frequent in immunocompromised hosts (ICH), and microbial detection is difficult. As a new method, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) may offer a solution.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of NGS‐assisted pathogenic detection on the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of ICH complicated by pulmonary infection and radiographic evidence of bilateral diffuse lesions.MethodsThis study enrolled 356 patients with ICH complicated by pulmonary infection that were admitted to Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from November 17, 2017, to November 23, 2018, including 102 and 254 in the NGS and non‐NGS groups, respectively. Clinical characteristics, detection time, rough positive rate, effective positive rate, impact on anti‐infective treatment plan, 30‐day/60‐day mortality, and in‐hospital mortality were compared.ResultsNGS‐assisted pathogenic detection reduced detection time (28.2 h [interquartile range (IQR) 25.9–29.83 h] vs. 50.50 h [IQR 47.90–90.91 h], P < 0.001), increased positive rate, rate of mixed infection detected, effective positive rate, and proportion of antibiotic treatment modification (45.28% vs. 89.22%, 4.72% vs. 51.96%, 21.65% vs. 64.71%, 16.54% vs. 46.08%, P < 0.001). The NGS group had a significantly lower 60‐day mortality rate (18.63% vs. 33.07%, P = 0.007). The difference in the Kaplan–Meier survival curve was significant (P = 0.029). After multivariate logistic regression, NGS‐assisted pathogenic detection remained a significant predictor of survival (OR 0.189, confidence interval [CI], 0.068–0.526).ConclusionNGS‐assisted pathogenic detection may improve detection efficiency and is associated with better clinical outcomes in these patients.
Incidence of complications from indwelling pleural catheter for pleural effusion: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Zhang Rui , Wan Chun , Qin Jiangyue , Hu Xueru , Shen Yongchun , Chen Lei , Wen Fuqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndwelling pleural catheter (IPC) is widely used in patients with pleural effusion (PE). This meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively summarize the clinical complication from IPC. We searched four large electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library) for potentially relevant studies and assessed the included studies’ quality using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies’ criteria. Extracted data were used to pool rates, and to conduct subgroup and meta–regression analyses. Forty‐one studies involving a cumulative 4983 patients with 5650 IPCs were included in this meta‐analysis. The overall incidence of IPC complications was 20.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.0–26.3). The top four complications were: overall infection incidence 5.7% (95% CI: 0.7–2.4); overall catheter abnormality incidence 4.4% (95% CI: 2.8–6.3); pain incidence 1.2% (95% CI: 0.4–2.4); and overall loculation incidence 0.9% (95% CI: 0.1–2.1). Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses for overall complications and infections by country, PE site, and PE type demonstrated these factors did not contribute significantly to heterogeneity. Further subgroup analyses for infection of benign PE showed that the overall infection incidence (12.6% [95% CI: 8.1–17.8] vs 0.7% [95% CI: 0.0–4.5]) and empyema incidence (9.1% [95% CI: 5.3–13.8] vs 0.0% [95% CI: 0.0–2.3]) of patients with liver‐related PE were significantly higher than that of patients with heart‐related PE. Our meta‐analysis showed reliable pooled incidences of IPC‐related complications, with infection being the most common. These results serve to remind clinicians about the incidence of IPC‐related complications and emphasize the importance of taking corresponding preventive and therapeutic steps.
The relationship between family functioning and psychotic‐like experiences of college students: Chain multiple mediating effects
Authors: Liu Shuangjin , Hu Yiqiu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the mechanism of the relationship between college students' family functioning and psychotic‐like experiences, a chain multi‐intermediary model is constructed to investigate the multiple mediating effects of interpersonal adaptation, sleep quality and loneliness on college students' family functioning and psychotic‐like experiences.MethodsSeven hundred seven college students in China were surveyed by using the Family Care Index Questionnaire, Loneliness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire, College Students' Interpersonal Adaptability Subscale and Community Assessment of Psychiatric Experiences.Results(a) The detection rate of psychotic‐like experiences among college students is 72.14%, of which 6.93% reported frequent psychotic‐like experiences; (b) There is a significant correlation between family functioning, sleep quality, loneliness, interpersonal adaptation and psychotic‐like experiences of college students; (c) Interpersonal adaptation, loneliness and sleep quality of college students have chain multiple mediating effect in the relationship between family functioning and psychotic‐like experiences.ConclusionThe results reveal the mechanism of the relationship between family functioning and psychotic‐like experiences, which helps us to better understand how family functioning affects the occurrence and development of college students' psychotic‐like experiences.
Open habitats increase vulnerability of amphibian tadpoles to climate warming across latitude
Authors: Cheng Chung‐Te , Chuang Ming‐Feng , Haramura Takashi , Cheng Chaun‐Bin , Kim Ye Inn , Borzée Amaël , Wu Chi‐Shiun , Chen Yi‐Huey , Jang Yikweon , Wu Nicholas C. , Kam Yeong‐Choy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimGlobal warming and deforestation are pushing species closer to their physiological limit, especially for species with habitat‐restricted life stages because sunlit areas have higher maximum temperatures. Here, we examined the critical thermal maximum (CTmax), and maximum environmental water temperature (Tmax) of larvae from 29 anuran species across a latitudinal gradient (22–43° N) to test how latitude and habitat type (open or closed‐forest ponds) affected warming tolerance, an index of vulnerability to climate change.LocationTaiwan, Korea, Japan.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedAnurans.ResultsWe showed that open ponds lowered warming tolerance, regardless of latitude and phylogenetic clustering, contrasting the established literature that warming tolerance is lower at tropical latitudes, which only applied to species in forest ponds in this study. Importantly, biophysical models at the local scale suggest that increasing deforestation will exacerbate the effects of climate warming on warming tolerance.Main conclusionsLocal effects of accelerated warming and habitat modification mean that species with range‐restricted life stages will become more vulnerable to anthropogenic change.
Actually existing racial capitalism: Financialisation and bordering in UK housing associations
Authors: Clare Nick , de Noronha Nigel , French Shaun , Goulding Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a critical intervention into recent geographical debates on racial capitalism, interrogating the role that Housing Associations (HAs), the main form of UK social housing, play in its (re)production. Housing Associations are institutional, third‐sector spaces within which novel forms of financialisation and bordering take place. Race is central to these processes, but insufficient critical attention has been afforded to the intersections of class, race, and migratory status in extant research on UK HAs. Moreover, existing research into housing and racial capitalism is provincial in its North American focus, typically examining home ownership and private renting. We argue this is a significant lacuna given that new and multiple forms of racialised exclusion, inequality, and extraction cohere in social housing. There is accordingly a pressing need for a robust interrogation of racial capitalisms through UK HAs, and of the role of HAs via the conceptual lens of racial capitalism. In concluding, the paper argues for a new focus on ‘actually existing’ racial capitalisms, and the need for detailed analyses of the logics and practices of racial capitalisms across a variety of sites and scales, helping debates move beyond their conceptual heartland in North America.
Same‐dayand rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in people living withHIVin Asia. How far have we come?
Authors: Hung Chien‐Ching , Phanuphak Nittaya , Wong Chen Seong , Olszyna Dariusz Piotr , Kim Tae Hyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major public health issue, and the effectiveness of HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care varies, particularly in the Asia‐Pacific region. The rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important to control the HIV epidemic and to optimize the health of people living with HIV; many guidelines now recommend ART initiation within 7 days of HIV diagnosis, with same‐day initiation for people diagnosed with HIV who feel ready. Many countries in the Asia‐Pacific region have already implemented or are moving towards implementation of rapid or same‐day ART initiation. However, there are many obstacles and challenges to its implementation, which vary substantially across the region. This article summarizes the latest evidence on rapid and same‐day ART initiation and discusses lessons learned and barriers to implementation in Asian countries, particularly focusing on Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, and the Republic of Korea.
What does epidemiology tell us about treatment outcomes in endodontics
Authors: Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAvailable information on endodontic treatment outcome derives from clinical studies, of which the main part is observational with no randomization and little or no control of confounding factors. Several sources of bias may hamper the interpretation of results from observational studies if the problems are not addressed properly.ObjectiveThe purpose of this narrative review is to describe and explain the potential benefits of employing epidemiological methodology when designing, conducting and reporting on observational, clinical outcome studies.DiscussionEpidemiology provides methodology that can be used to reduce the impact of several types of problems related to observational studies. These problems concern, external validity, which describes the generalisability of the study findings, and internal validity, which describe data quality parameters, such as selection bias, information bias and confounding. Furthermore reporting of a study should be systematized, and to that use, several checklists have been developed.ConclusionIt can be concluded that epidemiological methods are important for conducting and interpretation of findings from clinical, observational studies in endodontology.
Comparison of phenotypic features in patients with single vs multiple primary cutaneous melanomas: a prospective single‐center study
Authors: Farabi Banu , Bostanci Seher , Akay Bengu Nisa , Caliskan Deniz , Atak Mehmet Fatih 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is sparse data regarding total body nevus count (TBNC), nevus count in specific locations, phenotypic factors, anthropometric indices, sunburn, and the relation to multiple primary cutaneous melanomas (MPCM) development. We aim to compare these variables in a cohort of patients diagnosed with single primary melanoma (SPM) and MPCM with histologic diagnoses of melanoma in situ, superficial spreading, and nodular melanoma in our clinic.MethodsProspective observational studies for the evaluation of nevus counts in biopsy‐proven melanoma patients from 2017 to 2020 at Ankara University were conducted. Age, gender, family history of melanoma, increased sun exposure, nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), height, sunburn history, TBNC, and nevi count in specific anatomical locations were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total number of 156 patients consisting of 22 MPCM and 134 SPM were included. Mean TBNC for SPM vs MPCM patients were 96.87 (SD ± 124.71) vs 247.00 (SD ± 261.58), respectively (P < 0.0001). TBNC was correlated to the left arm, trunk, lower extremity, and head and neck nevus counts but not with the right arm nevus count. Multiple regression analysis showed that having more than 10 nevi on the head and neck area is associated with MPCM (OR, 3.882 [95% CI, 1.084–13.899]). TBNC and nevus count in specific locations were found to be significantly higher in MPCM.ConclusionThe risk of MPCM was associated with having ≥10 nevi on the head and neck.
Longitudinal assessment of brain structure and behaviour in youth with rapid weight gain: Potential contributing causes and consequences
Authors: Adise Shana , Marshall Andrew T. , Hahn Sage , Zhao Shaomin , Kan Eric , Rhee Kyung E. , Herting Megan M. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryObjectiveIndependent of weight status, rapid weight gain has been associated with underlying brain structure variation in regions associated with food intake and impulsivity among pre‐adolescents. Yet, we lack clarity on how developmental maturation coincides with rapid weight gain and weight stability.MethodsWe identified brain predictors of 2‐year rapid weight gain and its longitudinal effects on brain structure and impulsivity in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study®. Youth were categorized as Healthy Weight/Weight Stable (WSHW, n = 527) or Weight Gainers (WG, n = 221, >38lbs); 63% of the WG group were healthy weight at 9‐to‐10‐years‐old.ResultsA fivefold cross‐validated logistic elastic‐net regression revealed that rapid weight gain was associated with structural variation amongst 39 brain features at 9‐to‐10‐years‐old in regions involved with executive functioning, appetitive control and reward sensitivity. Two years later, WG youth showed differences in change over time in several of these regions and performed worse on measures of impulsivity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that brain structure in pre‐adolescence may predispose some to rapid weight gain and that weight gain itself may alter maturational brain change in regions important for food intake and impulsivity. Behavioural interventions that target inhibitory control may improve trajectories of brain maturation and facilitate healthier behaviours.
TMEM184B promotes proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits apoptosis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yun , Liu Dayu , Li Xuexin , Ma Yan , Pan Xinliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral members of the transmembrane protein family are associated with the biological processes of human malignancies; however, the expression pattern and biological function of one family member, TMEM184B, in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) are not fully understood. The expression between HPSCC tumours and adjacent normal tissues was determined by the Immunohistochemistry (IHC). A bioinformatics analysis was performed to verify the expression pattern of TMEM184B in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Furthermore, in vitro assays on cell proliferation, invasion, migration and in vivo experiments on tumour growth and apoptosis of TMEM184B in HPSCC were performed. We found that the HPSCC tissues had a significantly higher expression of TMEM184B than the adjacent normal tissues. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed the different expression of TMEM184B expression in HPSCC. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that TMEM184B promotes HPSCC cell growth, cell invasion and migration in FaDu cells, whereas flow cytometry assay showed that TMEM184B inhibited cell apoptosis. Our study revealed for the first time that TMEM184B might serve an oncogenic function in HPSCC and could be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HPSCC.
Mitotic chromosomal abnormalities and DNA polymorphism in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) as a biomarker for water pollution by heavy metals
Authors: Anwar Gehan M. , Abu Shnaf Anwaar S. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMitotic chromosomal aberrations and DNA polymorphism (RAPD marker) were carried out on the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus collected from five sites in Minia governorate, Egypt to test their applicability as biomonitors for heavy metal contaminants of water. The diploid chromosome number of O. niloticus population was 2 n = 44. Different types of chromosomal aberrations were recorded (e.g., deletion, ring, centromeric attenuation, end‐to‐end association, dicentric chromosome, stickiness chromosomes, endomitosis, fragments and chromatid gap). The chromosomal aberrations varied between O. niloticus population collected from five sites, and the most common type was ring (R) chromosomes. Samples obtained from Bahr Yousef and Irrigation drain exhibited the highest aberration frequency. The frequency of chromosomal aberration was positively correlated with the concentration of heavy metals where their concentration in the surface water of Irrigation drain and Bahr Yousef exceeded the limits defined by WHO as well as the concentration of Pb in muscles. The RAPD marker was also used to identify genetic variation among Nile tilapia samples collected from five different water sources. It created polymorphic and unique bands that can be used as genetic markers to track DNA variations. The dendrogram also revealed that exposure to heavy metal pollution causes gradual accumulation of variance, whereas areas subjected to environmental stress showed higher genetic variation and clustered together.
Antimicrobial activities of flavedo peel extract and its feasibility in the development of bio‐based pectin coating film for fruit preservation
Authors: Nhi Tran Thi Yen , Phat Dao Tan , Truong Le Dang , Tri Nhut Pham , Long Huynh Bao , Quyen Tran Ngoc , Giang Bach Long 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe pomelo flavedo extract (PFE) from the pomelo peel (an agricultural waste) is well known with many functional properties. In this study, the incorporation of PFE into the bio‐based polymer (pectin) for the formulation of the coating film was generally developed. The PFE showed a very high inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.22 ± 0.37 mm of inhibition zone diameter), whereas Escherichia coli was found to be resistant to the PFE treatment. The incorporation of varying PFE contents into the pectin film with glycerol as a plasticizer for developing PFE‐Gly‐Pectin composite film and its effect on the film performance was investigated. PFE was found to reduce the swelling degree and increase the solubility of the Gly‐Pectin film as well as increase the flexibility of the resulting film. However, the molecular structure, structural morphology, and contact angle of the Gly‐Pectin film were insignificantly affected by the presence of PFE. The composite film at the PFE:Pectin ratio of 3.4 g/g was selected for the preliminary preservation of jackfruit bulbs which was stored at ambient temperature. As a result, coated jackfruit bulbs appeared to maintain a better quality after 3 days with an alleviated change in weight loss, color parameters, and total soluble solids, whereas the uncoated jackfruits showed signs of spoilage on Day 2 of the storage period. Therefore, the PFE conjugated pectin film suggested potential in the preservation of food materials.
Antifungal action of quaternary ammonium compounds against environmental molds isolated from food industries
Authors: Sola Evelyn Araujo , Bourilhón Priscila , Manzo Ricardo Martín , Frisón Laura Noemí 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMolds are ubiquitously found microorganisms that are usually present as contaminants in food industrial environments. It has been shown that Cladosporium and Aspergillus genera are two of the most abundant and widely distributed in these locations because they are highly resistant species to sanitizing treatments. Hence, the search of antimicrobial compounds that are effective to these types of fungal contamination becomes relevant. The aim of this report was to evaluate the antifungal capacity of two commercial preparations made both with benzalkonium chloride (a first generation QAC) alone and with the addition of glutaraldehyde at different concentrations and contact times. A suspension‐neutralization test was performed employing spores of five strains of both Aspergillus section Nigri and Cladosporium cladosporioides, all isolated from food industries environments. Results have shown that benzalkonium chloride preparation was successful in destroying Cladosporium spores at 5% (v/v) concentration (average 4D value of 9.1 min) but failed in neutralizing Aspergillus propagules at the same conditions. On the other hand, the commercial mixture made of benzalkonium chloride and glutaraldehyde was effective in the inactivation of all food spoilage fungi spores at 1% (v/v) concentration (average 4D value of 1.8 and 8.8 min for Cladosporium and Aspergillus strains, respectively).
Adequacy of protein and calorie delivery according to the expected calculated targets: a day‐by‐day assessment in critically ill patients undergoing enteral feeding
Authors: Fabiani Adam , Dreas Lorella , Mazzaro Enzo , Trampus Elena , Zanetti Michela , Calabretti Antonella , Gatti Giuseppe , Sanson Gianfranco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation for longer than 48–72 h enteral nutrition (EN) should be started early. Because EN alone may be unable to reach the target nutritional requirement, supplemental parenteral nutrition (PN) should be administered. This study aimed at describing the daily rate of administered calories and proteins according to the expected calculated targets. The impact of calorie adequacy, deficit or excess on relevant clinical outcomes was explored.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in 217 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, admitted postoperatively in intensive care unit and undergoing EN. The effective intake provided via EN, PN, oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and nonnutritional calories (NNC) was documented for a maximum of 20 days. The administered/required calorie and protein ratios (KcalA/R, ProtA/R) were calculated daily. Patients receiving 80%–100%, <80% or >100% of KcalA/R and ProtA/R were identified. The association between mean KcalA/R between days 4–7 and 30 days’ mortality was explored.ResultsA mean KcalA/R ratio of 92.0 ± 40.6% was ensured between days 4 and 20. During days 4–7 the 80%–100% calorie target was achieved in 26.9% of patients, whereas 44.9% were below and 28.2% over this range. EN contributed 47.1% and PN 41.2% to the total energy intake. An increase in 30‐day mortality risk was documented for patients exceeding 100% of KcalA/R ratio (adjusted‐hazard ratio [HR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1
–23.9; p = 0.035).ConclusionsDespite a preliminary estimate of nutritional requirement, a steady daily optimal 80%–100% KcalA/R was not ensured for all patients. EN contributed only partially to both energy and protein intakes so that PN was largely used to achieve the desired nutritional targets.