bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training of deep cross‐modality conversion models with a small data set, and their application in megavoltage CT to kilovoltage CT conversion
Authors: Ozaki Sho , Kaji Shizuo , Nawa Kanabu , Imae Toshikazu , Aoki Atsushi , Nakamoto Takahiro , Ohta Takeshi , Nozawa Yuki , Yamashita Hideomi , Haga Akihiro , Nakagawa Keiichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeIn recent years, deep learning–based image processing has emerged as a valuable tool for medical imaging owing to its high performance. However, the quality of deep learning–based methods heavily relies on the amount of training data; the high cost of acquiring a large data set is a limitation to their utilization in medical fields. Herein, based on deep learning, we developed a computed tomography (CT) modality conversion method requiring only a few unsupervised images.MethodsThe proposed method is based on cycle‐consistency generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) with several extensions tailored for CT images, which aims at preserving the structure in the processed images and reducing the amount of training data. This method was applied to realize the conversion of megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) to kilovoltage computed tomography (kVCT) images. Training was conducted using several data sets acquired from patients with head and neck cancer. The size of the data sets ranged from 16 slices (two patients) to 2745 slices (137 patients) for MVCT and 2824 slices (98 patients) for kVCT.ResultsThe required size of the training data was found to be as small as a few hundred slices. By statistical and visual evaluations, the quality improvement and structure preservation of the MVCT images converted by the proposed model were investigated. As a clinical benefit, it was observed by medical doctors that the converted images enhanced the precision of contouring.ConclusionsWe developed an MVCT to kVCT conversion model based on deep learning, which can be trained using only a few hundred unpaired images. The stability of the model against changes in data size was demonstrated. This study promotes the reliable use of deep learning in clinical medicine by partially answering commonly asked questions, such as “Is our data sufficient?” and “How much data should we acquire?”
Efficient dose‐rate correction of silicon diode relative dose measurements
Authors: Duchaine Jasmine , Markel Daniel , Bouchard Hugo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeSilicon diodes are often the detector of choice for relative dose measurements, particularly in the context of radiotherapy involving small photon beams. However, a major drawback lies in their dose‐rate dependency. Although ionization chambers are often too large for small field output factor (OF) measurements, they are valuable instruments to provide reliable percent‐depth dose (PDD) curves in reference beams. The aim of this work is to propose a practical and accurate method for the characterization of silicon diode dose‐rate dependence correction factors using ionization chamber measurements as a reference.MethodsThe robustness of ionization chambers for PDD measurements is used to quantify the dose‐rate dependency of a diode detector. A mathematical formalism, which exploits the error induced in percent‐depth ionization (PDI) curves for diodes by their dose‐rate dependency, is developed to derive a dose‐rate correction factor applicable to diode relative measurements. The method is based on the definition of the recombination correction factor given in the addendum to TG 51 and is applied to experimental measurements performed on a CyberKnife M6 radiotherapy unit using a PTW 60012 diode detector. A measurement‐based validation is provided by comparing corrected PDI curves to measurements performed with a PTW 60019 diamond detector, which does not exhibit dose‐rate dependence.ResultsResults of dose‐rate correction factors for PDI curves, off‐axis ratios (OARs), tissue‐phantom ratios, and small field OFs are coherent with the expected behavior of silicon diode detectors. For all considered setups and field sizes, the maximum correction and the maximum impact of the uncertainties induced by the correction are obtained for OARs for the 60 mm collimator, with a correction of 2.5% and an uncertainty of 0.34%. For OFs, corrections range from 0.33% to 0.82% for all field sizes considered, and increase with the reduction of the field size. Comparison of PDI curves corrected for dose‐rate and for in‐depth beam quality variations illustrates excellent agreement with measurements performed using the diamond detector.ConclusionThe proposed method allows the efficient and precise correction of the dose‐rate dependence of silicon diode detectors in the context of clinical relative dosimetry.
Experimental investigation of high impact polystyrene/metal self‐piercing riveted joint
Authors: Wu Jinliang , Chen Chao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐piercing riveting was adopted to join high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and metal sheets which had huge difference in material properties. Three kinds of metal sheet (AA1060, AA5052, and HC340LA) were joined to HIPS sheet. The effect of polymer sheet thickness on mechanical properties of joints was investigated. The static loads of joints were measured in tensile and shearing tests. The failure modes of joints were analyzed. The cross sections of joints were observed by metallographic microscope. Results showed that self‐piercing riveting could effectively join HIPS and metal sheets when polymer sheet was placed as top sheet. All joints failed in the manner of polymer fracture in both tensile and shearing tests. For joints with different sheet material combinations, though the cross sections and geometrical parameters of joints had great difference, the static loads and absorbed energy values of joints were nearly the same. When AA5052 sheets were joined to HIPS sheets with different thickness values, with the increase of polymer sheet thickness, the flaring degree of rivet decreased, while static loads and absorbed energy values of joints increased. This was because the strength of interlock structure was higher than that of polymer sheet and the strength of joint was determined by the strength of polymer sheet.
Flexural damage and failure behavior of 3D printed continuous fiber composites by complementary nondestructive testing technology
Authors: Pan Zhi‐bo , Zhou Wei , Zhang Kun , Ma Lian‐hua , Liu Jia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is necessary to investigate the flexural damage and evolution behavior of 3D printed continuous fiber‐reinforced composites. In this paper, acoustic emission technology (AE) is used to monitor the bending damage of 3D printed Kevlar fiber (KF) and glass fiber (GF)‐reinforced composites in real time, and gray relational analysis (GRA) and k‐means are utilized for clustering analysis of AE signals. Subsequently, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) is employed to identify the internal damage degree. For 3D printed specimens, matrix buckling and interface failure are the main failure modes, and the number of matrix and interface damage is more than that of fiber damage, and the surface of compression side (specimen's top side) is more serious than that of the back side. KF‐reinforced composites have poor delamination resistance and more serious damage than that of GF. The average maximum stress of GF and KF‐reinforced specimens is 56.37 and 42.15 MPa, and the average bending modulus is 1576.42 and 1395.36 MPa, respectively. The combination of complementary detection methods is beneficial to the nondestructive evaluation and health monitoring of 3D printed composite materials.
Alanine serine cysteine transporter (ASCT) substrate binding site properties probed with hydroxyhomoserine esters
Authors: Ndaru Elias , Zielewicz Laura , Shi Yueyue , Hutchinson Keino , Garibsingh Rachel‐Ann A. , Schlessinger Avner , Grewer Christof 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe glutamine transporter ASCT2 is highly overexpressed in cancer cells. Block of glutamine uptake by ASCT2 is a potential strategy to inhibit growth of cancer cells. However, pharmacology of the ASCT2 binding site is not well established. In this work, we report the computational docking to the binding site, and the synthesis of a new class of ASCT2 inhibitors based on the novel L‐hydroxyhomoserine scaffold. While these compounds inhibit the ASCT2 leak anion conductance, as expected for competitive inhibitors, they did not block leak conductance in glutamate transporters (EAAT1‐3 and EAAT5). They were also ineffective with respect to subtype ASCT1, which has >57% amino acid sequence similarity to ASCT2. Molecular docking studies agree very well with the experimental results and suggest specific polar interactions in the ASCT2 binding site. Our findings add to the repertoire of ASCT2 inhibitors and will aid in further studies of ASCT2 pharmacology.
Structure of plasma‐deposited copolymer films prepared from acrylic acid and styrene: Part III sulfonation and electrochemical properties
Authors: Fahmy Alaa , Kolmangadi Mohamed A. , Schönhals Andreas , Friedrich Jörg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcrylic acid‐styrene copolymer films were deposited plasma‐chemically more gently using the pulsed plasma mode instead of the continuous mode, with linear and some slightly branched chains and marginal crosslinking. Then, the styrene unit of copolymers was wet‐chemically sulfonated by chlorosulfuric acid. On exposure to air, the formed 4‐chlorosulfonic acid groups hydrolyze to sulfonic acid groups (–SO3H). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy were employed to characterize the composition, structure, functional groups, and electrochemical performance of the copolymers. A high concentration of sulfonic acid‐containing groups was obtained in the sulfonated polystyrene sample. The values of the DC conductivity σDC for the sulfonated sample of the acrylic acid and styrene copolymer are ca. five orders of magnitude higher than that of the not‐sulfonated copolymer materials.
Ethnobotanical knowledge against the combined biodiversity, poverty and climate crisis: A case study from a Karen community in Northern Thailand
Authors: Georgiadis Pavlos 
Published: March 2022

Societal Impact StatementGlobal biodiversity is eroding at alarming rates due to anthropogenic factors, such as climate change and unsustainable land use management. These interrelated challenges often push forest ecosystems to their limits, leading many species to disappear before their characteristics and potential are explored. As a result, indigenous rural communities inhabiting the world's biodiversity hotspots are losing a vital resource that supports their subsistence and livelihoods against persistent poverty. This research documents traditional ecological knowledge of a Karen community inside the Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand, reporting ethnobotanical uses of 125 plant taxa. It provides a ranking of culturally important trees that can inform the selection of framework species for ecosystem restoration and sustainable development in the region's montane forests.Summary

Climate change, population growth and persistent poverty are applying pressure to the world's most fragile ecosystems and biodiversity hotspots in unprecedented ways. There is an urgent need to document species that provide important ecological services and contribute to overall human quality of life.
Participatory rural appraisal tools and collection of herbarium specimens were used to elicit ethnobotanical knowledge of an ethnic community inside the mountain forest of Northern Thailand. Statistical analysis was performed on the basis of quantitative indices to rank the cultural significance of the reported species in a Karen community inside Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand.
This article presents an ethnobotanical inventory of 125 plants, including data on important botanical families, use categories and useful plant parts. A prioritisation of 30 culturally important tree species is attempted on the basis of four quantitative indices.
Most of the reported plants are neglected and underutilised in need of further research and development for the diversification of agriculture, diets, livelihoods and landscapes. The integration of cultural criteria in the selection of framework species for ecosystem restoration embeds local community needs in conservation efforts, increasing their potential for success and fostering an integrated approach to sustainable development.
Initiation of a Metal/Fluoropolymer Reactive Material Subjected to Dynamic Shear‐Compression Loading
Authors: Miller Bradley , Thoma Steven G. , Kimberley Jamie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStructural Reactive Materials (RMs) are multi‐material composites that provide adequate structural strength and large exothermic yield. Combining the thermal energy output with kinetic energy, RMs fulfill a role in increasing the overall performance and energetic release of military weapon systems. The goal of this current research is to enhance the understanding of the thermomechanical conditions that are responsible for Al/PTFE RM ignition under dynamic loading. Two mechanisms of initiation commonly reported in the literature are shear‐induced and crack‐induced. To investigate the propensity of shear‐induced initiation a Shear Compression Specimen (SCS), combined with Kolsky Bar experimentation, was utilized to predominately load the RM specimen in dynamic shear. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were conducted in conjunction with the experiments to obtain an equivalent stress‐strain response of the RM so that the work done on the gauge section of the SCS could be quantified. With the implementation of high‐speed cameras, the gauge section of the SCS was monitored to observe if RM ignition occurred from the dynamic shear loading. The results of the experiments conducted here indicate that fracture precedes ignition despite severe shear‐induced plastic deformation (and associated heating) occurring in the gauge section of the specimen, indicating that a crack‐induced ignition mechanism is likely active in this materials system under the studied loading rates.
Carbon ion radiotherapy in the management of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Seneviratne Danushka , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Mao Jingfang , Dougherty Jingjing M. , Bush Aaron , Thomas Mathew , Manochakian Rami , Lou Yanyan , Owen Dawn , Sio Terence T. , Kirwan Jessica , Ko Stephen J. , Hoppe Bradford S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite advancements in local‐regional and systemic therapies, non‐small cell cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Among those treated with standard‐of‐care modalities, 30–60% experience disease recurrence. Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a form of densely ionizing radiotherapy with unique physical and biological advantages over traditional photon and proton modalities. CIRT is expected to have a superior biological impact on tumors, and is believed to be less impacted by the presence of tumor hypoxia or cell cycle state. It also shows highly conformal physical dose deposition due to reduced lateral scattering of the particles, limiting the radiation dose delivered to adjacent organs at risk. To implement CIRT as a viable option in the treatment of NSCLC, technical aspects of treatment delivery – including appropriate beam arrangements, dose calculation algorithms, radiobiological models, and methods of motion management – must be thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials comparing CIRT versus traditional radiation modalities must be performed to show the benefits and risks associated with this novel treatment modality. This review discusses the rationale for utilizing CIRT in NSCLC, available clinical data to date, and the potential for future investigations that may pave the path for improving outcomes in those diagnosed with NSCLC.
Population pharmacokinetics of mobocertinib in healthy volunteers and patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Pierrillas Philippe B. , Hanley Michael J. , Zhang Steven , Diderichsen Paul M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMobocertinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations whose disease has progressed on or after platinum‐based chemotherapy. This population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis describes the PK of mobocertinib and its active metabolites, AP32960, and AP32914, using data from two phase I studies in healthy volunteers (n = 110) and two phase I/II studies in patients with mNSCLC (n = 317), including the pivotal phase I/II study. The plasma PK of mobocertinib, AP32960, and AP32914 were well‐characterized by a joint semimechanistic model that included two compartments for mobocertinib with absorption via three transit compartments, two compartments for AP32960, and one compartment for AP32914. The observed time‐dependency in PK was described by an enzyme compartment with drug and metabolite concentration‐dependent stimulation of enzyme production, resulting in the enzyme increasing the apparent clearance of mobocertinib, AP32960, and AP32914. Effects of healthy volunteer status (vs. patients with mNSCLC) on apparent oral clearance of all three moieties and on apparent central volume of distribution for mobocertinib were included as structural covariates in the final model. No clinically meaningful differences in mobocertinib PK were observed based on age (18–86 years), race, sex, body weight (37.3–132 kg), mild‐to‐moderate renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate 30–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 by modification of diet in renal disease equation), or mild‐to‐moderate hepatic impairment, suggesting that no dose adjustment is required based on these covariates in patients with mNSCLC.
Luteolin inhibits FcεRΙ‐ and MRGPRX2‐mediated mast cell activation by regulating calcium signaling pathways
Authors: Hao Yong , Che Delu , Yu Yanqin , Liu Lixia , Mi Shuhong , Zhang Yang , Hao Jinqi , Li Wei , Ji Musi , Geng Songmei , Shi Jihai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLuteolin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. The antiinflammatory effects of luteolin have been reported. In this study, the effect of luteolin on allergic diseases and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated. We found that luteolin inhibits Fc epsilon RΙ (FcεRΙ)‐ and Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2)‐mediated mast cells (MCs) activation, including degranulation and release of cytokines in vitro. Moreover, luteolin reduces the degree of swelling and Evans blue exudation of mice paw in a dose‐dependent manner. The concentrations of histamine, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, IL‐8, and IL‐13 in mice serum are also decreased by luteolin administration. Our study reveals that luteolin can inhibit FcεRΙ‐ and MRGPRX2‐mediated allergic responses in vivo and in vitro, and our results discover luteolin inhibited mast cells mediated anaphylactic reaction by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of PLCγ.
Humoral immune response in healthcare workers after two doses of a BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Figueroa‐Hurtado Esperanza , Ortíz‐Farias Diana Lizbeth , Sada‐Ovalle Isabel , Maldonado‐Ortíz Sandra Yareth , Valdivieso‐Jiménez Jorge Arturo , Cortes‐Telles Arturo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) as well as the host immune response after vaccination and viral infection have shown to be highly heterogeneous. This is a case series study analysing humoral immune response and vaccination side effects after two doses of a BNT162b2 mRNA among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Mexico. All participants were scheduled for their two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine and provided information through a questionnaire: demographic characteristics, antibody serum titres and vaccination‐related side effects. Blood samples were obtained for serology testing after the first and second doses of vaccine. No serious adverse effects due to vaccination were reported; nonetheless, non‐medical HCWs reported more side effects after the second dose. The previous infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 boosted immune response after receiving the first vaccination (roughly 30 times higher than those without previous infection); nonetheless, after the second dose, the immune response did not show a higher titre as might be expected.
AASCU president discusses her leadership journey
Authors: Takami Lisa Mednick 
Published: March 2022

Mildred García, Ed.D., assumed the presidency of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities in January 2018. Previously, she served as President of California State University, Fullerton and Berkeley Colleges (New York and New Jersey campuses). In a recent interview, García shared a glimpse into her leadership journey along with words of advice for other leaders. The following excerpt of that interview has been edited for space and clarity.
Metal Free Porphyrin Photocatalyst Comprising Ionic Liquid with Electron Donor Acceptor Moiety for Visible Light Assisted Oxidative Amination
Authors: Deshmukh Shubham Avinash , Bhagat Pundlik Rambhau 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal leaching and stability of heterogeneous catalysts is the main concern in pharmaceutical, fine chemical industries, enhancing metal contamination of the product. In this protocol, we report design and characterizations of a metal free porphyrin (MFPc) photocatalyst with electron donor acceptor (dicyano) moiety, for oxidative amination of benzyl amine under irradiation of 5 W LED light in a home‐made photoreactor. Contrasted with the poor photocatalytic property of different derivatives of porphyrins, MFPc presents a significant improvement in imine formation (83 %). The influence of various factors including quantity of catalyst, duration, and intensity of light (512 W), for oxidative amination were explored. MFPc with favourable properties like Hammett acidity (1.11), band gap (1.37 eV), explored for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important benzimidazole, from o‐phenylene diamine. Moreover, MFPc displayed good reusability for 6 consecutive runs with negligible decrease in yield of imine at ambient reaction conditions. Additionally, a probable mechanism for imine formation was proposed.
Sodiophilic Mg2+‐Decorated Ti3C2 MXene for Dendrite‐Free Sodium Metal Batteries with Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Jiang Huiyu , Lin Xiaohang , Wei Chuanliang , Zhang Yuchan , Feng Jinkui , Tian Xuelei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe advantages of sodium metal, such as abundant resources, low cost, high capacity, and high working potential, make it a promising metal anode. Unfortunately, the hazardous dendrite growth of sodium metal is one of the major hindrances for the practical application of sodium metal batteries (SMBs). By applying multifunctional Mg(II)@Ti3C2 MXene as the protective layer for commercial Cu foil, the wettability of the electrolyte on the current collector is dramatically improved with the suppression of sodium dendrites. Moreover, the first‐principles calculations prove that the surface of Mg(0001) is able to establish a connection with Na(111) growth, with Mg acting as the nucleation seed for sodium. The experimental results indicate that even when a high areal capacity of sodium (2 mAh cm–2) is deposited, no sodium dendrite is observed. Electrochemical tests, including symmetric cells, Na||Cu asymmetric cells, and full cells, prove the sodiophilic character of Mg2+‐decorated Ti3C2 MXene. The results may also create a new pathway for developing other dendrite‐free metal anodes, such as Li/K/Zn/Ca/Mg.