bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical mechanism and atmospheric degradation of C4F9N initiated by OH radical: Ab initio kinetic exploration
Authors: Zhao Jun , Wang Yongjin , Zhou Biao , Bian Huiting 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis work presents a thoroughgoing theoretical study on the OH‐initiated combustion chemical kinetics and atmospheric degradation mechanism of C4F9N by employing high‐level quantum chemical methods and RRKM/master‐equation theory. Stationary points on potential energy surface were cautiously investigated at B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level for geometry optimizations, and thereby their single‐point energies were refined by applying CCSD(T)/6‐311++G(d,p) method. Based on quantum calculations, kinetics and branching ratios for the major channels were predicted within 300–3000 K and 0.01–100 atm by solving the RRKM/master‐equations. The OH addition to C4F9N generating M1 dominates the overall kinetics at low temperatures. Subsequently, its two β‐scission channels of CC bonds to CF3CF2NCF(OH) + CF3 and CF2NCF(OH)CF3 + CF3 become competitive and play a lead role in whole C4F9N + OH system at the corresponding high temperatures and elevated pressures. The CF3 radical generated prompts these two routes to potentially have the significant contribution to flame inhibition in actual applications. Additionally, the complex degradation pathways of C4F9N were also looked into by successively reacting with various oxides, including OH, O2, NO, and HO2, to finally generate the removal products CF3CF2N(OOH)CF(OH)CF3, CF3CFO, and CF3CF2NO. The atmospheric lifetime of C4F9N was evaluated as 49 years regarding to the kinetic for one step addition of OH radical.
Teacher expectations in the early primary grades: A scoping review
Authors: Timmons Kristy , Pyle Angela , Danniels Erica , Cowan Emily , McCann Allison 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTeachers are the single most important in‐school factor affecting student learning outcomes. As a result, researchers and policy makers are particularly interested in the ways that teacher‐level factors influence the learning opportunities that teachers provide in their classrooms. A growing body of research suggests that the expectations a teacher sets for individuals and groups of students can significantly affect the learning opportunities that are provided to them. This is highly problematic, especially since teacher expectations can be inaccurate evaluations of student abilities and teacher expectations differentially affect the learning outcomes of racialised students as well as children living in poverty. Much of the research base regarding teacher expectations has focused on upper elementary and secondary grades with little research focus on the ways that teacher expectations are formed and impact children in the first years of formal schooling. Given the potential impact of sustained teacher expectation effects, an in‐depth review of teacher expectation research in the early primary grades is warranted. This study uses a scoping review methodology (H. Arksey and L. O’Malley, ‘Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2005, 8(1), 19–32) to analyse research on teacher expectations in the early primary grades. Five themes encapsulate the scope of research published from 2000–2021: (1) teacher expectations of school readiness skills, (2) factors that influence the formation of teacher expectations, (3) teacher expectation effects, (4) stability of teacher expectations, and (5) intervention studies. This paper presents the current state of knowledge surrounding expectations in the early primary grades, as well as highlights challenges in need of further research.
Intertribal conflict, educational development and education crisis in Yemen: A call for saving education
Authors: Taher Anef , Khan Zafar , Alduais Ahmed , Muthanna Abdulghani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current political conflict and economic crisis have impacted all aspects of life in Yemen, especially intertribal conflict, which plays a significant role in hindering educational development. In this study, we measure the impact of this conflict on the educational infrastructure, students and teachers' behaviour, and educational development as perceived by students, teachers and administrators. We collected data from 384 respondents: 162 teachers, 163 students and 59 administrative staff in the Aden and Taiz governorates. We also conducted 18 structured interviews with stakeholders from local authorities. The results indicate that: (1) educational infrastructure in Yemen has changed from a poor to a damaged status because of the intertribal conflict; (2) educational development in Yemen is going backward because of the current political conflict and economic crisis; (3) violence being exercised during this conflict has transferred to high school students, teachers and administration staff; and (4) the educational infrastructure is either bombed and attacked by the Arab (international) coalition or used as military bases by the different parties of the conflict.
Exploring characterizing factors and mechanisms of citizens' water literacy to promote sustainable water use: A grounded systems analysis method
Authors: Tian Kang , Wang Yanrong , Chen Annan , Yao Jia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImproving citizens' water literacy level has gradually become one of the key elements to solve or alleviate water problems, which is of great significance in building a social water security system and promoting the harmonious development of man and nature. A fusion method—grounded systems analysis based on grounded theory and event systems theory is proposed in this study, which is used to explore the representation factors of water literacy and construct the main category chain through reverse tracking interview data and revealing each factor's mechanism. The research results show that: After encoding the original data, the water literacy characterization factor system including 4 main categories, 12 key categories, and 110 conceptualized sentences was obtained. The interaction between water knowledge and other main categories has a positive impact. There is no apparent direct relationship between water skills and water attitude, however, it can affect the implementation of water behavior. Water attitude can positively influence water behavior and has a moderating effect on each main category. The research conclusions can provide theoretical and decision‐making references for water literacy research, exploration, and practical work.
Highly Flexible K‐Intercalated MnO2/Carbon Membrane for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery Cathode
Authors: Yang Jie , Yao Ge , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Yuhang , Wei Lingzhi , Niu Helin , Chen Qianwang , Zheng Fangcai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe layered MnO2 is intensively investigated as one of the most promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), but its commercialization is severely impeded by the challenging issues of the inferior intrinsic electronic conductivity and undesirable structural stability during the charge–discharge cycles. Herein, the lab‐prepared flexible carbon membrane with highly electrical conductivity is first used as the matrix to generate ultrathin δ‐MnO2 with an enlarged interlayer spacing induced by the K+‐intercalation to potentially alleviate the structural damage caused by H+/Zn2+ co‐intercalation, resulting in a high reversible capacity of 190 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 over 1000 cycles. The in situ/ex‐situ characterizations and electrochemical analysis confirm that the enlarged interlayer spacing can provide free space for the reversible deintercalation/intercalation of H+/Zn2+ in the structure of δ‐MnO2, and H+/Zn2+ co‐intercalation mechanism contributes to the enhanced charge storage in the layered K+‐intercalated δ‐MnO2. This work provides a plausible way to construct a flexible carbon membrane‐based cathode for high‐performance AZIBs.
Proxy variable estimation of productivity and efficiency
Authors: Tsionas Mike G. , Kumbhakar Subal C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe model productivity and inefficiency jointly, instead of modeling and estimating either only productivity or only inefficiency with many variable and quasi‐fixed inputs. In the first model, we use a multi‐step procedure. We use the proxy variable method based on the first‐order condition (FOC) of expected profit maximization with respect to the single variable input to take care of the endogeneity problem arising from both productivity and inefficiency. To separate mean inefficiency from mean productivity we assume them nonparametric functions of different sets of exogenous variables. In the second model, we consider a novel system consisting of the production function and the FOCs of expected profit maximization for the multiple variable inputs. Distributional assumptions are made on all the random errors associated with the production function, the FOCs, productivity, and inefficiency functions in the second model. We use the Colombian food manufacturing data as an application of our model.
Crafting statistical analysis plans: A cross‐discipline approach
Authors: Cressman Kimberly A. , Sharp Julia L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeveloping a plan for data analysis at the beginning of a study is an important practice that is underutilized in many scientific fields. Several funding agencies and journals now require submission of statistical analysis plans in advance of scientific studies, particularly in the clinical sciences. Even when a plan is not required, it can be advantageous to the scientific process by improving reproducibility. An analysis plan allows researchers to organize their knowledge about their research questions and experimental design to more easily recognize and choose the appropriate statistical analyses. An analysis plan provides a roadmap for the analyses: Researchers can think through potential statistical decisions (e.g. to transform or not to transform? how to handle missing or censored data?) in advance and thoroughly document the justifications and trade‐offs for their intended analyses. Such decisions are not influenced by data when made before data collection, thus preventing pitfalls like p‐hacking, HARKing and non‐replicability of results. We describe a general framework for crafting an analysis plan—including essential components of any plan—and provide an example template that can be used by researchers. The analysis plan framework is presented for broad appeal to experienced statisticians, quantitative researchers and everyone in between.
Aligning English Language Proficiency Assessments to Standards: Conceptual and Technical Issues
Authors: Wolf Mikyung Kim , Bailey Alison L. , Ballard Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlignment between standards and assessments is a fundamental component of the larger effort to ensure appropriate and fair use of standards‐based assessments and achievement of successful standards‐based reform. This article focuses on conceptual and technical issues as well as potential strategies in evaluating alignment between large‐scale, standardized English language proficiency assessments and English language proficiency standards in the U.S. K‐12 education context, as these assessments are used in high‐stakes decisions about English language learners. Areas for future research are also discussed.
Inhibition of the BNIP3/NIX‐dependent mitophagy aggravates copper‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in duck renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Bai He , Fang Yukun , Cao Huabin , Xing Chenghong , Zhang Caiying , Zhuang Yu , Guo Xiaoquan , Li Guyue , Hu Mingwen , Hu Guoliang , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of copper (Cu) in the organisms could lead to kidney damage by causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Given that mitochondria are one of the targets of Cu poisoning, this study aimed to investigate the role of mitophagy in Cu‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells to understand the mechanism of Cu nephrotoxicity. Hence, the cells were treated with different concentrations of Cu sulfate (CuSO4) (0, 100, and 200 μM), and mitophagy inhibitor (Cyclosporine A, 0.5 μM) and/or 200 μM CuSO4 in the combination for 12 h. Results showed that Cu caused mitochondrial swelling, vacuoles, and cristae fracture; increased the number of mitochondrial and lysosome fluorescent aggregation points; upregulated the mRNA levels of mitophagy‐associated genes (LC3A, LC3B, P62, BNIP3, NIX, OPTN, NDP52, Cyp D LAMP1, and LAMP2) and protein levels of LC3II/LC3I, BNIP3, and NIX, downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of P62; reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP content, mitochondrial respiratory control rate (RCR), mitochondrial respiratory control rate (OPR), and the mRNA and protein levels of PGC‐1α, TOMM20, and Mfn2, but increased the mRNA and protein levels of Drp1. Besides, cotreatment with Cu and CsA dramatically decreased the level of mitophagy, but increased mitochondrial division, further reduced MMP, ATP content, RCR, and OPR, mitochondrial fusion and thereby reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, these data indicated that Cu exposure induced BNIP3/NIX‐dependent mitophagy in duck renal tubular epithelial cells, and inhibition of mitophagy aggravated Cu‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
Effects of low‐level laser therapy on impaired mobility in dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis
Authors: Barale Loris , Monticelli Paolo , Adami Chiara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis is common in the aging dog and is associated with chronic pain and impaired mobility. The main objective of this study was to determine whether low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) would increase physical activity in dogs with osteoarthritis.MethodsTwenty‐three dogs with osteoarthritis were instrumented with an accelerometer 48 h before the first LLLT session (baseline), to record daily activity. Each dog underwent six consecutive weekly laser treatments. The scores of the Canine Brief Pain Inventory and the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs’ were recorded for clinical purposes, as a tool to titrate the analgesic therapy of each individual dog, before LLLT (as baseline) and then weekly for 6 weeks.ResultsThe number of daily activities increased during week 2 (161,674; SD, 103,666) and remained higher than baseline (93,481; SD, 107,878) until week 6 (179,309; SD, 126,044; p < 0.001). Daily step count increased from week 1 (4472; SD, 3427) compared to baseline (1109; SD, 1061) and remained higher than the baseline until the end of week 6 (8416; SD, 3166; p < 0.001). Average energy expenditure during the study period was 179 [range, 2–536] kcal/day; there were no statistically significant differences in this variable between weeks of treatment. Systemic analgesics therapy was decreased in 50% of the dogs during the study period.ConclusionsLaser therapy may advance the management of osteoarthritis by increasing the level of activity of dogs, therefore improving their quality of life.
Ergebnisse des Lernprozesses
Authors: Sterzel Martin 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Lernverhalten des effektuativen Agenten wird bei Veränderung der Dynamiken der Lernumgebung sowie verschiedener Parameter untersucht. Es werden Leistungsvergleiche bei Manipulation der Belohnungsfunktion, Variation der Transitionswahrscheinlichkeiten sowie ausgewählter Hyperparameter angestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein Agent grundsätzlich in der Lage ist effektuative Prinzipien zu erlernen. Es werden Parameter- und Umgebungskonstellationen eruiert, die effektuatives Lernen begünstigen.
Die Kosten der präoperativen Anämie bei Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperationen
Authors: Vorderwülbecke Gerald , Spies Claudia , von Heymann Christian , Kruppa Jochen , Fürstenau Daniel , Kaufner Lutz , Werner Sven , Höft Moritz , Balzer Felix 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Anämie hat eine hohe Prävalenz bei Patienten vor Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperation und ist mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate assoziiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht erstmals den Zusammenhang von Kosten, realen DRG-Erlösen und Falldeckung der präoperativen Anämie bei elektiven Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperationen.

Methoden
Für alle Patienten, die sich von 2010 bis 2017 an 2 Campi der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin einer Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperation unterzogen, wurden Daten zu Patienten sowie Transfusionen, Kosten und Erlösen gesammelt. Subgruppen- und lineare Regressionsanalysen untersuchten die Falldeckung anämischer und nichtanämischer Patienten.

Ergebnisse
Von 1187 eingeschlossenen Patienten waren 354 (29,8 %) präoperativ anämisch. Insgesamt wurden 565 (47,6 %) Patienten, mit einem deutlichen Überwiegen anämischer Patienten (72,6 % vs. 37,0 %, p < 0,001), transfundiert. Kosten (12.318 € [9027;20.044 €] vs. 8948 € [7501;11.339 €], p < 0,001) und Erlöse (11.788 € [8992;16.298 €] vs. 9611 € [8332;10.719 €], p < 0,001) waren für anämische Patienten höher, die Fallkostendeckung defizitär (−1170 € [−4467;1238 €] vs. 591 € [−1441;2103 €] €, p < 0,001). Bei anämischen Patienten nahm die Falldeckung mit zunehmender Transfusionsrate ab (p ≤ 0,001). Komorbiditäten hatten keinen signifikanten ökonomischen Einfluss.

Schlussfolgerung
Die präoperative Anämie und perioperative Transfusionen bei Hüftgelenkrevisionsoperationen sind mit erhöhten Behandlungskosten und einer finanziellen Unterdeckung für Kostenträger im Gesundheitswesen verbunden. Konzepte zur Behandlung der präoperativen Anämie (z. B. Patient Blood Management) könnten mittelfristig Behandlungskosten senken.
Molecular diagnostics in odontogenic tumors
Authors: Buettner Reinhard , Gültekin Sibel Elif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Odontogenic tumors (OTs) are rare, with an estimated incidence rate of less than 0.5 cases per 100,000 per year. The causes of OTs remain unclear. Nonetheless, the majority of OTs seem to arise de novo, without an apparent causative factor. Although the etiopathogenesis of most OTs remains unclear, there have been some recent advances in understanding the genetic basis relating to specific histologies and clinical features. Molecular analyses performed by different techniques, including Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and allele-specific PCR, have uncovered mutations in genes related to the oncogenic MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Genetic mutations in these pathway genes have been reported in epithelial and mixed OTs, in addition to odontogenic carcinomas and sarcomas. Notably, B‑RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase (KRAS) pathogenic mutations have been reported in a high proportion of ameloblastoma and ameloblastoma-related tumors and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, respectively.

Objective
To discuss how molecular profiling aids in diagnostic classification of odontogenic tumors.

Conclusion
Molecular profiling of odontogenic tumors helps to identify patients for neoadjuvant therapies and reduces postoperative morbidity
Clinical implications and risk factors for QRS prolongation over time in heart failure patients
Authors: Berger Martin , Kumowski Nina , Straw Sam , Verket Marlo , Marx Nikolaus , Witte Klaus K. , Schütt Katharina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
QRS prolongation is an established prognostic marker in heart failure (HF). In contrast, the role of QRS width progression over time has been incompletely explored. The current study investigates the role of QRS width progression over time on clinical status and identifies underlying predictors.

Methods
Datasets of ≥ 2 consecutive visits from 100 attendees to our HF clinic between April and August 2021 were analysed for changes in QRS complex duration.

Results
In total 240 datasets were stratified into tertiles based on change in QRS duration (mm/month) (1st tertile: − 1.65 [1.50] ‘regression’; 2nd tertile 0.03 [0.19] ‘stable’, 3rd tertile 3.57 [10.11] ‘progression’). The incidence of the combined endpoint HF hospitalisation and worsening of symptomatic heart failure was significantly higher in the group with QRS width progression (3rd tertile) compared with the stable group (2nd tertile; log-rank test: p = 0.013). These patients were characterised by higher plasma NT-pro-BNP levels (p = 0.008) and higher heart rate (p = 0.007). A spline-based prediction model identified patients at risk of QRS width progression when NT-pro-BNP and heartrate were > 837 pg/ml and > 83/bpm, respectively. These markers were independent of guideline-directed medical HF therapy. Patients beyond both thresholds had a 14-fold increased risk of QRS width progression compared to those with neither or either alone (HR: 14.2 [95% 6.9 – 53.6]; p < 0.0001, p for interaction = 0.016).

Conclusions
This pilot study demonstrates that QRS width progression is associated with clinical deterioration of HF. NTproBNP plasma levels and heart rate indicate patients at risk QRS width progression, independently of HF therapy.

Graphic abstract
The value of banknotes: relevance of size, colour and design
Authors: Ojedo Fernando , Macizo Pedro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the current study, we evaluate the relevance of three physical features when people retrieve the monetary value of banknotes. To this end, three monetary comparison tasks were designed in which in each trial a pair of banknotes were presented and participants selected the one with higher monetary value. In each task, a different banknote feature (size, colour and design) was examined and a congruent and an incongruent condition (the value of the physical feature corresponded or not to its actual value, respectively) were compared to a neutral condition (no information about the physical feature was provided). We found a pattern of facilitation and interference effects which suggests that size is the most relevant physical feature for accessing the monetary value of banknotes followed by colour. However, the availability of a variety of designs across banknotes seemed not to facilitate the performance of the task, but rather the opposite, hindering the monetary comparison task.
Labor division in collaborative visual search: a review
Authors: Wahn Basil , Schmitz Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen looking for a certain object or person, individuals often engage in collaborative visual search, i.e., they search together by coordinating their behavior. For instance, when parents are looking for their child on a busy playground, they might search collaboratively by dividing the search area. This type of labor division in collaborative visual search could be beneficial not only in daily life, but also in professional life (e.g., at airport security screening, lifeguarding, or diagnostic radiology). To better understand the mechanisms underlying this type of collaborative behavior, as well as its benefits and costs, researchers have studied visual search scenarios in the laboratory. The aim of this review article is to provide a brief overview of the results of these studies. Are individuals faster if they search together compared to alone? And if so, should they simply search in parallel, or will they benefit from agreeing on a specific labor division? How should they divide the search space, and how to communicate this division? Should a consensus be reached (target present or absent?) before ending the search? We address these and further key questions, focusing on the aspect of labor division. In conclusion, we integrate the reviewed findings into an applied context, point out which questions still remain, and put forward suggestions for future research. We hope that this review can serve not only as a theoretical foundation for basic research but also as a practical inspiration for applied research and development.