bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel body weight support system for gait rehabilitation
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas A. O. , Gonçalves Rogério S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModern rehabilitation processes for neurological patients have been widely assisted by robotic structures, with continuous research and improvements. The use of robotic assistance in rehabilitation is a consolidated technique for upper limb training sessions. However, human gait robotic rehabilitation still needs further research and development. Based on that, this paper deals with the development of a novel active body weight support (BWS) system integrated with a serious game for poststroke patients. This paper starts with a brief review of the state of the art of applied technologies for gait rehabilitation. Next, it presents the obtained mathematical model followed by multibody synthesis techniques and meta-heuristic optimization to the proposed device. The control of the structure is designed using proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers tuned with meta-heuristic optimization and associated with a suppression function to perform assist-as-needed actions. Then, the prototype is integrated with a serious game designed specifically for this application. Finally, a pilot study is conducted with the structure and healthy volunteers. The results obtained show that the mobility of the novel BWS is as expected and the proposed system potentially offers a novel tool for gait training.
Relative contribution of essential and non-essential activities to SARS-CoV-2 transmission following the lifting of public health restrictions in England and Wales
Authors: Hoskins Susan , Beale Sarah , Nguyen Vincent , Boukari Yamina , Yavlinsky Alexei , Kovar Jana , Byrne Thomas , Fragaszy Ellen , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Geismar Cyril , Patel Parth , Navaratnam Annalan M. D. , van Tongeren Martie , Johnson Anne M. , Aldridge Robert W. , Hayward Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to understand which non-household activities increased infection odds and contributed greatest to SARS-CoV-2 infections following the lifting of public health restrictions in England and Wales.

Procedures
We undertook multivariable logistic regressions assessing the contribution to infections of activities reported by adult Virus Watch Community Cohort Study participants. We calculated adjusted weighted population attributable fractions (aPAF) estimating which activity contributed greatest to infections.

Findings
Among 11 413 participants (493 infections), infection was associated with: leaving home for work (aOR 1.35 (1.11–1.64), aPAF 17%), public transport (aOR 1.27 (1.04–1.57), aPAF 12%), shopping once (aOR 1.83 (1.36–2.45)) vs. more than three times a week, indoor leisure (aOR 1.24 (1.02–1.51), aPAF 10%) and indoor hospitality (aOR 1.21 (0.98–1.48), aPAF 7%). We found no association for outdoor hospitality (1.14 (0.94–1.39), aPAF 5%) or outdoor leisure (1.14 (0.82–1.59), aPAF 1%).

Conclusion
Essential activities (work and public transport) carried the greatest risk and were the dominant contributors to infections. Non-essential indoor activities (hospitality and leisure) increased risk but contributed less. Outdoor activities carried no statistical risk and contributed to fewer infections. As countries aim to ‘live with COVID’, mitigating transmission in essential and indoor venues becomes increasingly relevant.
Temporary prolongation of the QT interval in acute ebastine intoxication due to challenge video on TikTok in a girl
Authors: Sert Sadiye 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntihistamines are among the most widely used medications in the world. Ebastine is an antihistaminic which is long-acting, second-generation, and selective H1-receptor inverse agonist. I report a twelve-year-and-six-month-old girl with temporary prolongation of the QTc interval caused by acute ebastine intoxication due to TikTok challenge. Initial electrocardiogram showed sinus arrhythmia (72 beats/min) and prolongation of the QTc interval (QTc 482 milliseconds). Gastric lavage was performed. Intravenous fluid was administered, and activated charcoal (1 g/kg/per dose) was given. Electrocardiogram 9 h after drug ingestion showed sinus rhythm and normal QTc interval (QTc 414milliseconds). During follow-up, no electrocardiogram abnormalities were detected with electrocardiogram monitoring. She was discharged on day 2 without any complications. This case report is the first in the literature to show acute intoxication with ebastine due to challenge video on TikTok, which leads to a temporary prolongation of the QTc interval. Also, with this case report, I assert the fact that it is important to properly supervise the use of social media, such as TikTok and to review the content of TikTok videos.
Why the impacts of climate change may make us less likely to reduce emissions
Authors: Millward-Hopkins Joel 
Published: December 2022

Non-technical summary
A widely held belief is that once the impacts of warming are experienced more directly and substantially, especially by affluent populations, the necessary support for a politics prioritising ambitious emissions reductions will follow. But consideration of the indirect socioeconomic impacts of warming suggests this could be false hope.

Technical summary
There is some evidence to support the common intuition that, as the direct impacts of warming intensify – particularly in the affluent Global North – a politics ambitious enough to confront the climate emergency may finally find support. However, it seems at least equally likely that the opposite trend will prevail. This proposition can be understood by considering various indirect impacts of warming, including the widening of socioeconomic inequalities (within and between countries), increases in migration (intra- and inter-nationally) and heightened risk of conflict (from violence and war through to hate speech and crime). Compiling these impacts reveals a considerable and highly inconvenient overlap with key drivers of the authoritarian populism that has proliferated in the 21st century. It highlights the risk of a socio-ecological feedback loop where the consequences of warming create a political environment entirely at odds with that required to reduce emissions. Such a future is, of course, far from inevitable. Nonetheless, the risks highlight the urgent need to find public support for combined solutions to climate change and inequality, which go well beyond the status-quo. This is necessary not only for reasons of economic and climate justice, but in order to mitigate political barriers to carbon mitigation itself.

Social media summary
As the impacts of warming are experienced more directly and substantially, we may vote for precisely the wrong people.
Ecological Calendars, Food Sovereignty, and Climate Adaptation in Standing Rock
Authors: Ruelle Morgan L. , Skye Aubrey Joshua , Collins Evan , Kassam Karim‐Aly S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIndigenous food sovereignty relies on ecological knowledge of plants and animals, including knowledge related to their development and behavior through the seasons. In the context of anthropogenic climate change, ecological calendars based on Indigenous knowledge may enable communities to anticipate seasonal phenomena. We conducted research with communities in the Standing Rock Nation (North and South Dakota, USA) to develop ecological calendars based on their ecological knowledge. We present ecological calendars developed in seven communities through a series of workshops and interviews. These calendars are rich with knowledge about temporal relations within each community's ecosystem, including the use of plants and animals as seasonal indicators and cues for food system activities. However, the calendars also reveal the impacts of cultural genocide wrought by the United States government in its efforts to colonize the lands and minds of Indigenous communities. Given the diversity of knowledge among Standing Rock communities, we identify opportunities for knowledge exchange to revitalize ecological relations at the heart of food sovereignty. We highlight the potential for ecological calendars to facilitate climate adaptation by enabling communities to synchronize their food systems with an increasingly variable climate.
Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network
Authors: Ingham M. , Divett T. , Rodger C. J. , Sigley M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeomagnetically induced currents produced during geomagnetic storms present a potential risk to gas pipeline systems by disturbing the cathodic protection (CP) systems used to protect the pipeline from corrosion. In this study we look at CP monitoring data from a number of sites on the gas pipeline network in the North Island of New Zealand. We focus on variations during geomagnetic storms in three aspects of the CP system: (a) the output voltage of the constant current rectifiers, (b) the potential between the pipe and a Cu/CuSO4 reference cell, and (c) the potential between an installed metal coupon and the reference cell. The industry standard for suitable CP is that the latter potential should lie between −0.85 and −1.2 V when the rectifier is momentarily turned off. Three monitoring sites in particular are identified as showing very large variations in rectifier output voltage during geomagnetic storms, suggesting a possible risk to the system at these sites. Additionally, one of the three sites has coupon potentials which appear to rise above the −0.85 V level. Magnetotelluric impedance data are used to assess how effects at the monitoring sites relate to the magnitude and direction of induced electric fields. It clear that the response at any monitoring site is related to effects on the pipeline network as a whole. We also note the risks of disbonding and hydrogen induced cracking, issues we do not believe have been widely recognized in the research community.
Clinical assessment of children with long COVID syndrome
Authors: Garai Réka , Krivácsy Péter , Herczeg Vivien , Kovács Fanni , Tél Bálint , Kelemen Judit , Máthé Anna , Zsáry Eszter , Takács Johanna , Veres Dániel Sándor , Szabó Attila J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a need for further understanding pediatric long COVID syndrome (LCS) to be able to create specific case definitions and guidelines for providing good clinical care.

Methods
Medical records of all LCS patients who presented at our designated LC clinic were collected. We carried out descriptive analyses summarizing the history, clinical presentation, and findings of children, while doing a diagnosis of exclusion with multi-disciplinary medical examinations (physical, laboratory, and radiological examinations, specialist consultations, etc.) without a control group.

Results
Most children reported at least minor impairment to their quality of life, of which 17 (23%) had moderate or severe difficulties. Findings that could be directly connected to the linked complaint category were observed in an average of 18%, respiratory symptoms with objective alterations being the most frequent (37%). Despite our detecting mostly non-specific conditions, in a smaller number we identified well-described causes such as autoimmune thyroiditis (7%).

Conclusions
The majority of children stated an impairment in their quality of life, while symptom-related conditions were detected only in a minority. Controlled studies are needed to separate the effect of the pandemic era from the infection itself. Evidence-based pediatric guidelines could aid to rationalize the list of recommended examinations.

Impact

Long COVID syndrome is a complex entity with a great impact on children’s everyday lives. Still, there is no clear guidance for pediatric clinical management. Systematic, detailed studies with medical assessment findings could aid the process of creating evidence-based guidelines.

We present validated systematic information collected during in-person medical assessments with detailed medical findings and quality of life changes.

While making a diagnosis of exclusion, we could confirm symptom-related conditions only in a minority of children; however, the majority reported at least minor impairment to their quality of life.
Differential association of antioxidative defense genes with white matter integrity in youth bipolar disorder
Authors: Zou Yi , Grigorian Anahit , Kennedy Kody G. , Zai Clement C. , Shao Suyi , Kennedy James L. , Andreazza Ana C. , Ameis Stephanie H. , Heyn Chinthaka , Maclntosh Bradley J. , Goldstein Benjamin I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOxidative stress is associated with white matter diffusion metrics in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). We examined the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the oxidative stress system, superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) rs4880 and glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX3) rs3792797 with fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) in youth with BD. Participants included 104 youth (age 17.5 ± 1.7 years; 58 BD, 46 healthy controls). Saliva samples were obtained for genotyping, and diffusion tensor imaging was acquired. Voxel-wise whole-brain white matter diffusion analyses controlled for age, sex, and race. There were significant diagnosis-by-SOD2 rs4880 interaction effects for FA and RD in major white matter tracts. Within BD, the group with two copies of the G-allele (GG) showed lower FA and higher RD than A-allele carriers. Whereas within the control group, the GG group showed higher FA and lower RD than A-allele carriers. Additionally, FA was higher and RD was lower within the control GG group compared to the BD GG group. No significant findings were observed for GPX3 rs3793797. The current study revealed that, within matter tracts known to differ in BD, associations of SOD2 rs4880 GG genotype with both FA and RD differed between BD vs healthy control youth. The SOD2 enzyme encoded by the G-allele, has higher antioxidant capacity than the enzyme encoded by the A-allele. We speculate that the current findings of lower FA and higher RD of the BD GG group compared to the other groups reflects attenuation of the salutary antioxidant effects of GG genotype on white matter integrity in youth with BD, in part due to predisposition to oxidative stress. Future studies incorporating other genetic markers and oxidative stress biomarkers are warranted.
Laminins in tumor-derived exosomes upregulated by ETS1 reprogram omental macrophages to promote omental metastasis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Haiyang , Zeng Cheng , Shu Chang , Cao Yuanyuan , Shao Wengui , Zhang Mengjie , Cao Hongyong , Zhao Shuli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTumor-derived exosomes participate in omental metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer by inducing an adaptive response in the tumor microenvironment. However, cell–cell communication via exosomes between primary tumor cells and the microenvironment of distant omentum and the mechanism of pre-metastatic niche formation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that ETS1-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells secreted larger exosomes with higher laminin levels. In addition, ovarian cancer exosomes could be taken up by omental macrophages through integrin and laminin interaction. Compared with control exosomes, exosomes derived from ETS1-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells (LV-ETS1 Exos) stimulated the polarization of more macrophages toward the M2 phenotype (CD163 marker), as well as the production of more CXCL5 and CCL2 in macrophages, via integrin αvβ5/AKT/Sp1 signaling. In vivo experiments showed that LV-ETS1 Exos promoted omental metastasis of ovarian cancer by mediating the tumor-promoting effect of macrophages, which could be neutralized by integrin ανβ5 inhibitor cilengitide. These results indicated that ETS1 could drive ovarian cancer cells to release exosomes with higher laminin levels, thereby accelerating the exosome-mediated pro-metastatic effects of omental macrophages via the integrin αvβ5/AKT/Sp1 signaling pathway, and the integrin ανβ5 inhibitor cilengitide could inhibit omental metastasis of ovarian cancer driven by tumor-derived exosomes.
Coherent interaction-free detection of microwave pulses with a superconducting circuit
Authors: Dogra Shruti , McCord John J. , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interaction-free measurement is a fundamental quantum effect whereby the presence of a photosensitive object is determined without irreversible photon absorption. Here we propose the concept of coherent interaction-free detection and demonstrate it experimentally using a three-level superconducting transmon circuit. In contrast to standard interaction-free measurement setups, where the dynamics involves a series of projection operations, our protocol employs a fully coherent evolution that results, surprisingly, in a higher probability of success. We show that it is possible to ascertain the presence of a microwave pulse resonant with the second transition of the transmon, while at the same time avoid exciting the device onto the third level. Experimentally, this is done by using a series of Ramsey microwave pulses coupled into the first transition and monitoring the ground-state population.
Phosphoproteomic analysis of neoadjuvant breast cancer suggests that increased sensitivity to paclitaxel is driven by CDK4 and filamin A
Authors: Mouron S. , Bueno M. J. , Lluch A. , Manso L. , Calvo I. , Cortes J. , Garcia-Saenz J. A. , Gil-Gil M. , Martinez-Janez N. , Apala J. V. , Caleiras E. , Ximénez-Embún Pilar , Muñoz J. , Gonzalez-Cortijo L. , Murillo R. , Sánchez-Bayona R. , Cejalvo J. M. , Gómez-López G. , Fustero-Torre C. , Sabroso-Lasa S. , Malats N. , Martinez M. , Moreno A. , Megias D. , Malumbres M. , Colomer R. , Quintela-Fandino M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrecision oncology research is challenging outside the contexts of oncogenic addiction and/or targeted therapies. We previously showed that phosphoproteomics is a powerful approach to reveal patient subsets of interest characterized by the activity of a few kinases where the underlying genomics is complex. Here, we conduct a phosphoproteomic screening of samples from HER2-negative female breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant paclitaxel (N = 130), aiming to find candidate biomarkers of paclitaxel sensitivity. Filtering 11 candidate biomarkers through 2 independent patient sets (N = 218) allowed the identification of a subgroup of patients characterized by high levels of CDK4 and filamin-A who had a 90% chance of achieving a pCR in response to paclitaxel. Mechanistically, CDK4 regulates filamin-A transcription, which in turn forms a complex with tubulin and CLIP-170, which elicits increased binding of paclitaxel to microtubules, microtubule acetylation and stabilization, and mitotic catastrophe. Thus, phosphoproteomics allows the identification of explainable factors for predicting response to paclitaxel.
Dynamic control of decision and movement speed in the human basal ganglia
Authors: Herz Damian M. , Bange Manuel , Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Auer Miriam , Ashkan Keyoumars , Fischer Petra , Tan Huiling , Bogacz Rafal , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu , Brown Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo optimally adjust our behavior to changing environments we need to both adjust the speed of our decisions and movements. Yet little is known about the extent to which these processes are controlled by common or separate mechanisms. Furthermore, while previous evidence from computational models and empirical studies suggests that the basal ganglia play an important role during adjustments of decision-making, it remains unclear how this is implemented. Leveraging the opportunity to directly access the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia in humans undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery, we here combine invasive electrophysiological recordings, electrical stimulation and computational modelling of perceptual decision-making. We demonstrate that, while similarities between subthalamic control of decision- and movement speed exist, the causal contribution of the subthalamic nucleus to these processes can be disentangled. Our results show that the basal ganglia independently control the speed of decisions and movement for each hemisphere during adaptive behavior.
Rossby wave second harmonic generation observed in the middle atmosphere
Authors: He Maosheng , Forbes Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSecond harmonic generation is the lowest-order wave-wave nonlinear interaction occurring in, e.g., optical, radio, and magnetohydrodynamic systems. As a prototype behavior of waves, second harmonic generation is used broadly, e.g., for doubling Laser frequency. Second harmonic generation of Rossby waves has long been believed to be a mechanism of high-frequency Rossby wave generation via cascade from low-frequency waves. Here, we report the observation of a Rossby wave second harmonic generation event in the atmosphere. We diagnose signatures of two transient waves at periods of 16 and 8 days in the terrestrial middle atmosphere, using meteor-radar wind observations over the European and Asian sectors during winter 2018–2019. Their temporal evolution, frequency and wavenumber relations, and phase couplings revealed by bicoherence and biphase analyses demonstrate that the 16-day signature is an atmospheric manifestation of a Rossby wave normal mode, and its second harmonic generation gives rise to the 8-day signature. Our finding confirms the theoretically-anticipated Rossby wave nonlinearity.
Identification of human progenitors of exhausted CD8+ T cells associated with elevated IFN-γ response in early phase of viral infection
Authors: Cai Curtis , Samir Jerome , Pirozyan Mehdi R. , Adikari Thiruni N. , Gupta Money , Leung Preston , Hughes Brendan , Van der Byl Willem , Rizzetto Simone , Elthala Auda , Keoshkerian Elizabeth , Palgen Jean-Louis , Peters Timothy , Nguyen Thi H. O. , Louie Raymond , Kedzierska Katherine , Gaudieri Silvana , Bull Rowena A. , Lloyd Andrew R. , Luciani Fabio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractT cell exhaustion is a hallmark of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and limits protective immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer. Limited knowledge exists of the initial viral and immune dynamics that characterise exhaustion in humans. We studied longitudinal blood samples from a unique cohort of individuals with primary infection using single-cell multi-omics to identify the functions and phenotypes of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. Early elevated IFN-γ response against the transmitted virus is associated with the rate of immune escape, larger clonal expansion, and early onset of exhaustion. Irrespective of disease outcome, we find heterogeneous subsets of progenitors of exhaustion, based on the level of PD-1 expression and loss of AP-1 transcription factors. Intra-clonal analysis shows distinct trajectories with multiple fates and evolutionary plasticity of precursor cells. These findings challenge the current paradigm on the contribution of CD8+ T cells to HCV disease outcome and provide data for future studies on T cell differentiation in human infections.