bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Vortex Tilting and Advection in Northward‐Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillations During Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon
Authors: Li Baosheng , Qin Jianhuang , Zhou Lei , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM) is characterized by prominent northward propagation of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs). However, the specific vorticity dynamics as an atmospheric precursor responsible for the northward propagation of ISOs remains unclear over the WNPSM. In this study, we utilized a multi‐timescale vorticity diagnosis to identify the key dynamics of ISOs in WNPSM. Our findings indicate that both vortex tilting and vortex advection play important roles in vorticity generation and the subsequent development of new convection, ultimately leading to ISO propagation. Vortex tilting is primarily driven by the interaction between intraseasonal vertical velocity shear and background easterly wind shear, which is consistent with the ISOs during Indian summer monsoon (ISM). However, the impact of vortex tilting is confined near the equator in the eastern region of the WNPSM because of the decreased easterly wind shear from the Indian Ocean to the WNP. Meanwhile, vortex advection is the result of the transport of intraseasonal vorticity by the background southerly wind, which is significant over the region of tropical WNPSM. In summary, this differs from the tilting alone that controls northward‐propagating ISOs during the ISM and is critical for advancing the unique framework for ISOs during the WNPSM.
Eliminating VEGFA+ tumor-associated neutrophils by antibody-drug conjugates boosts antitumor immunity and potentiates PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical models of cervical cancer
Authors: Yao Shili , Sun Lu , Lu Ye , Zhu Xiu , Xu Rui , Yang Tong , Tang Huarong , Guo Peng , Zhu Tao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) actively interact with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), though the detailed mechanisms governing their response to ADC treatment remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we explored how ICAM1-targeted ADCs affect TAN dynamics in preclinical models of cervical cancer. We discovered that I-DXd, our in-house ADC targeting cervical cancer, effectively eliminates tumor cells through specific antigen recognition while concurrently depleting pro-tumor VEGFA + TANs via Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis. This dual action promotes an immunologically favorable TME. Through comprehensive preclinical studies, we established a foundational understanding of the synergistic benefits of combining I-DXd treatment with PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition, thereby opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention in advanced cervical cancer.
Single-cell RNA-seq and pathological phenotype reveal the functional atlas and precise roles of Sox30 in testicular cell development and differentiation
Authors: Xie Cheng-ting , Zhang Hui-lian , Li Yi , Li Qian , Wen Yi-xian , Liu Jin-yi , Han Fei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sox30 has recently been demonstrated to be a key regulator of spermatogenesis. However, the precise roles of Sox30 in the testis remain largely unclear. Here, the specific functions of Sox30 in testicular cells were determined by single-cell sequencing and confirmed via pathological analyses. Sox30 loss appears to damage all testicular cells to different extents. Sox30 chiefly drives the differentiation of primary spermatocytes. Sox30 deficiency causes spermatocyte arrest at the early phase of meiosis I, with nearly no normally developing second spermatocytes and three new spermatocyte -subclusters emerging. In addition, Sox30 seems to play important roles in the mature phenotypes of Sertoli and Leydig cells, and the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia. The developmental trajectory of germ cells begins with spermatogonia and splits into two different spermatocyte branches, with Sox30-null spermatocytes and wild-type spermatocytes placed at divergent ends. An opposite developmental trajectory of spermatocyte subclusters is observed, followed by incomplete development of spermatid subclusters in Sox30-null mice. Sox30 deficiency clearly alters the intercellular cross-talk of major testicular cells and dysregulates the transcription factor networks primarily involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Mechanistically, Sox30 appears to have similar terminal functions that are involved mainly in spermatogenic development and differentiation among major testicular cells, and Sox30 performs these similar crucial roles through preferential regulation of different signalling pathways. Our study describes the exact functions of Sox30 in testicular cell development and differentiation and highlights the primary roles of Sox30 in the early meiotic phase of germ cells.
A new understanding of Acanthamoeba castellanii: dispelling the role of bacterial pore-forming toxins in cyst formation and amoebicidal actions
Authors: Yabrag Abdelbasset , Ullah Naeem , Baryalai Palwasha , Ahmad Irfan , Zlatkov Nikola , Toh Eric , Lindbäck Toril , Uhlin Bernt Eric , Wai Sun Nyunt , Nadeem Aftab 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are recognized as major virulence factors produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. While the effects of PFTs have been extensively investigated using mammalian cells as a model system, their interactions with the environmental host, Acanthamoeba castellanii remains less understood. This study employed high-throughput image screening (HTI), advanced microscopy, western blot analysis, and cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the impact of PFT-producing bacterial species on their virulence against A. castellanii. Our unbiased HTI data analysis reveals that the cyst induction of A. castellanii in response to various bacterial species does not correlate with the presence of PFT-producing bacteria. Moreover, A. castellanii demonstrates resistance to PFT-mediated cytotoxicity, in contrast to mammalian macrophages. Notably, Vibrio anguillarum and Ralstonia eutropha triggered a high frequency of cyst formation and cytotoxicity in infected A. castellanii. In summary, our findings reveal that A. castellanii exhibits a unique resistance to PFTs, unlike mammalian cells, suggesting its potential ecological role as a reservoir for diverse pathogenic species and its influence on their persistence and proliferation in the environment.
Biallelic variants in RYR1 and STAC3 are predominant causes of King-Denborough Syndrome in an African cohort
Authors: Schoonen Maryke , Fassad Mahmoud , Patel Krutik , Bisschoff Michelle , Vorster Armand , Makwikwi Tendai , Human Ronel , Lubbe Elsa , Nonyane Malebo , Vorster Barend C. , Vandrovcova Jana , Hanna Michael G. , Taylor Robert W. , McFarland Robert , Wilson Lindsay A. , van der Westhuizen Francois H. , Smuts Izelle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
King-Denborough Syndrome (KDS) is a congenital myopathy (CM) characterised by myopathy, dysmorphic features and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation in Black African patients presenting with CM, specifically those with KDS-like phenotypes, who remained undiagnosed for over 25 years. A cohort of 67 Black African patients with CM was studied, of whom 44 were clinically evaluated and diagnosed with KDS. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed as part of an international genomics study (ICGNMD) to identify potential pathogenic mutations. Genomic assessments focused on identifying relevant genes, including RYR1 and STAC3, and establishing genotype-phenotype correlations. The study identified RYR1 and STAC3 mutations as the predominant genetic causes of KDS in this cohort, with mutations in both genes exhibiting autosomal recessive inheritance. While RYR1 has previously been linked to autosomal dominant mutations, STAC3, which was formerly associated exclusively with Native American Myopathy/Bailey-Bloch Myopathy, congenital hypotonia, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, is now newly associated with CM-KDS in this study. This establishes the first genotype-phenotype correlation for 44 Black African individuals with KDS. This study marks a significant milestone in research on understudied African populations with CM, emphasising the lengthy diagnostic journey these patients endured. The findings highlight the pressing need for improved access to genomic medicine in underserved regions and underscore the importance of expanding research and diagnostic capabilities in Africa. This work contributes to the advancement of genetic medicine in underrepresented populations, facilitating better diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes.
Alternatively spliced NFKB1 transcripts enriched in Andean Aymara modulate inflammation, HIF and hemoglobin
Authors: Song Jihyun , Han Seonggyun , Amaru Ricardo , Lanikova Lucie , Quispe Teddy , Kim Dongwook , Crawford Jacob E. , Kim Soo Jin , Lee Younghee , Prchal Josef T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The molecular basis of increased hemoglobin in Andean Aymara highlanders is unknown. We conducted an integrative analysis of whole-genome-sequencing and granulocytes transcriptomics from Aymara and Europeans in Bolivia to explore genetic basis of the Aymara high hemoglobin. Differentially expressed and spliced genes in Aymaras were associated with inflammatory and hypoxia-related pathways. We identified transcripts with 4th or 5th exon skipping of NFKB1 (AS-NFKB1), key part of NF-kB complex, and their splicing quantitative trait loci; these were increased in Aymaras. AS-NFKB1 transcripts correlated with both transcripts and protein levels of inflammatory and HIF-regulated genes, including hemoglobin. While overexpression of the AS-NFKB1 variant led to increased expression of inflammatory and HIF-targeted genes; under inflammatory stress, NF-kB protein translocation to the nucleus was attenuated, resulting in reduced expression of these genes. Our study reveals AS-NFKB1 splicing events correlating with increased hemoglobin in Aymara and their possible protective mechanisms against excessive inflammation.
A small signaling domain controls PPIP5K phosphatase activity in phosphate homeostasis
Authors: Raia Pierre , Lee Kitaik , Bartsch Simon M. , Rico-Resendiz Felix , Portugal-Calisto Daniela , Vadas Oscar , Panse Vikram Govind , Fiedler Dorothea , Hothorn Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are eukaryotic nutrient messengers. The N-terminal kinase domain of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase (PPIP5K) generates the messenger 1,5-InsP8, the C-terminal phosphatase domain catalyzes PP-InsP breakdown. The balance between kinase and phosphatase activities regulates 1,5-InsP8 levels. Here, we present crystal structures of the apo and substrate-bound PPIP5K phosphatase domain from S. cerevisiae (ScVip1PD). ScVip1PD is a phytase-like inositol 1-pyrophosphate histidine phosphatase with two conserved catalytic motifs. The enzyme has a strong preference for 1,5-InsP8 and is inhibited by inorganic phosphate. It contains an α-helical insertion domain stabilized by a structural Zn2+ binding site, and a unique GAF domain that channels the substrate to the active site. Mutations that alter the active site, restrict the movement of the GAF domain, or change the substrate channel’s charge inhibit the enzyme activity in vitro, and Arabidopsis VIH2 in planta. Our work reveals the structure, enzymatic mechanism and regulation of eukaryotic PPIP5K phosphatases.
Composite vortex air laser
Authors: Cao Jincheng , Fu Yao , Wang Tianbo , Dai Zhihe , Xu Huailiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Structured air laser generated through establishing high-gain air media in a cavity-free scheme by intense ultrashort pulses is promising for optical manipulation and quantum communication at standoff distances. However, the mechanism how the orbital angular momentum (OAM) information can be entangled into strong-field-induced gain media is still controversial, making manipulation of the topological charges of structured air laser remain a challenge. Here, we report the realization of a composite vortex N2
+ air laser with controllable OAM by manipulating the relative positions, polarization directions, and intensity ratio between a Gaussian-shaped pump and an external vortex seed. Numerical simulations reveal the essential role of the interference between self-seeded Gaussian-shaped and externally-seeded vortex lasing emissions in the topological charge transformation. Our findings not only shed light on the generation mechanism of vortex air lasers, but also open up avenues for quantum manipulation of structured light through strong-field laser ionization of molecules remotely.
Assessment of Heritage Language Abilities in Bilingual Arabic–German Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder: Comparing a Standardized Test Battery for Spoken Arabic to an Arabic LITMUS Sentence Repetition Task
Authors: Abed Ibrahim Lina 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To avoid misdiagnosis with developmental language disorder (DLD) in bilingual children, it is recommended to evaluate both languages. However, unlike their monolingual peers, bilingual children acquire their heritage language under adverse input conditions. Focusing on Levantine Arabic, the study evaluates the clinical utility of a standardized test for Arabic and an Arabic Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings sentence repetition task (LITMUS-SRT) for ruling in/out DLD in bilingual children acquiring Arabic as a heritage language in Germany. Both tools were developed for the majority diglossic Lebanese bilingual context. However, it is still unclear whether they can be reliably applied in heritage contexts.

Method:
Fifty-nine children (5;6–9;1 [years;months]) participated in the study: 18 bilingual typically developing ([BiTD]) children with early exposure to German (heritage BiTD), nine heritage bilingual children with DLD (heritage BiDLD), eight typically developing late-successive bilingual children, and 24 typically developing monolingual children, who served as controls.

Results:
Unlike monolingual and late successive bilingual children with typical language development, many heritage BiTD children resembled their BiDLD peers, especially on measures of expressive/receptive vocabulary and morphosyntax production, which were negatively affected by early second language exposure. In contrast, the Arabic LITMUS-SRT did not disadvantage heritage BiTD children, who performed on par with their typically developing monolingual and late successive bilingual peers on most structures. BiDLD showed poor performance on all structures.

Conclusions:
Standardized tests assessing language domains sensitive to reduced heritage language input bear a risk of overdiagnosis with DLD in heritage contexts. The Arabic LITMUS-SRT, on the other hand, provides a fair estimate of heritage language abilities. However, task construction should consider morphophonological aspects vulnerable in heritage Arabic.
KTnet: Hazy weather object detection based on knowledge transfer
Authors: Deng Haigang , Lu Zhiheng , Li Chengwei , Wang Tong , Liu Changshi , Xiong Qian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe current method to address the reduced accuracy of target detection algorithms in hazy weather scenes is mainly to first use image dehazing algorithms to restore hazy images, and then input the restored images into target detection algorithms to obtain detection results. However, the images restored by the image dehazing model deviate from real clear images, and do not completely recover the features required by the target detection algorithm, thus limiting the improvement of the detection accuracy of the target detection model. This paper proposes a hazy weather target detection algorithm based on large convolution kernels and knowledge transfer (KTnet). First, a large convolution attention dehazing module is embedded into the backbone network of faster R‐CNN to form a dehazing backbone network. Considering the high‐dimensional features of the deep backbone network, a lightweight fusion attention module is designed. A loss function is also designed and the adapter model is employed to devise training methods for knowledge transfer and fine‐tuning. Extensive experimental results on various hazy weather target detection datasets show that KTnet has achieved significant effectiveness.
Combining Diagnostics and Research in an Academic Laboratory
Authors: Waitz Grit , Handtke Stefan , Zaninetti Carlo , Schönborn Linda , Thiele Thomas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCombining diagnostics and research in academic laboratories faces challenges and bears great opportunities. In this short review, we describe the objectives of diagnostic and research laboratories dealing with thrombosis and hemostasis questions. We give an overview of specific goals for diagnostic and research laboratories and explain the synergies and tasks which need to be managed in an interdisciplinary team.
Bewegungs- und Sporttherapie in der Rehabilitation des
Long-/Post-COVID-Syndroms unter besonderer Berücksichtigung neuropsychiatrischer
Symptomatik
Authors: Schick Georg 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie von dem Atemwegsvirus SARS-CoV-2 ausgelöste Erkrankung COVID-19 ist heute als
Multiorganerkrankung anerkannt. Sub- und postakut können diverse Langzeitfolgen
mit unterschiedlich starker Symptomlast auftreten. Als häufigste Symptome des
Long-/Post-COVID-Syndroms (LPCS) gelten Fatigue und Dyspnoe.
Zunehmend gewinnen die neurologischen/neuropsychiatrischen Manifestationen des
postinfektiösen Syndroms an Bedeutung. Insbesondere diejenigen LPCS-Patienten,
die auf psychophysische Überforderung mit lang andauernder postexertioneller
Malaise (PEM) reagieren, bedürfen einer äußerst behutsamen, auf ihre
individuelle Belastungssensibilität abgestimmten Rehabilitation, denn bei
Belastungsintoleranz kann eine Symptomverschlimmerung nach Anstrengung den
Allgemeinzustand und die Lebensqualität dauerhaft verschlechtern.Die Diversität der Erscheinungsbilder des LPCS mag ein Grund für die teils
inkonsistenten Ergebnisse empirischer Interventionsforschung sein. Während viele
Patienten von körperlicher Aktivität profitieren, kann sie bei einer Subgruppe
die LPCS-Symptome verstärken. Nach bisherigem Erkenntnisstand erweist sich die
Kombination von Ausdauer- mit Krafttraining am effektivsten, um die funktionale
Kapazität zu verbessern, die Lebensqualität zu fördern und Symptome wie Dyspnoe,
Fatigue oder Depression zu lindern. Grundsätzlich sollte die Intervention
indikationsgerecht, symptomspezifisch und individualisiert angepasst werden.
Wenngleich Mind-Body-Exercise (MBE) für viele belastungsvulnerable
Patientenkollektive als wirksam und sicher gelten kann, fehlt bislang ein
evidenzbasiertes bewegungstherapeutisches Konzept für LPCS-Patienten mit PEM.
Ein praktikabler Ansatz wird vorgeschlagen, der MBE sowie andere Methoden
bewusster Körperarbeit mit Belastungssteuerung nach dem subjektiven
Belastungsempfinden und mit präventivem Selbstmanagement (Pacing)
verknüpft. Die partizipative Einbindung der Patientensicht in Therapie und
Evaluation ist dabei zentral.
Mesenchymal dysplasia of the placenta: a rare entity and important
differential diagnosis. Presentation of a case with
placentomegaly
Authors: Feist Henning , Daliapo Afram , Sönnichsen Ann-Christin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPlacental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare disease with unclear etiology and
peculiar placental findings (placentomegaly, abnormal chorionic vessels with
thromboses, and grossly enlarged and often cystic-appearing stem villi).
Songraphic findings are cystic changes, hypoechoic areas, placental enlargement,
and dilated chorionic vessels.PMD can be associated with severe perinatal
complications, e.g., intrauterine fetal demise, fetal growth restriction, and
preterm delivery. Neonatal complications include Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
(BWS), hepatic tumors, and hematologic diseases, i.e., anemia and
thrombocytopenia. However, in a minority of cases the mothers and children
display no perinatal or postnatal findings. It is important to be aware of the
entity because it can be mistaken for molar pregnancy (with a different clinical
procedure) on routine ultrasound investigation. Maternal alpha-fetoprotein serum
levels are often increased in the case of PMD.We report a case of PMD with
typical entity-related findings on ultrasound investigation and striking
pathological-anatomic findings such as massive placentomegaly and prominent
thromboses of the tortuous chorionic vessels but without perinatal or postnatal
complications.
Preparation and evaluation of a methyl-PEG2000-DSPE-PVP-LDC nanomaterial: A novel lidocaine delivery system
Authors: Mo Wan-Yi , Kong Jing-Ran , Dai Hang , Liu De-Cheng , Wang Yi-Min , Cheang Tuck Yun , Yao Hui , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential of methyl-PEG2000-DSPE-PVP-LDC as a drug delivery nanocarrier and its impact on human immortalized keratinocytes, focusing on cytotoxicity, migration inhibition, and drug-loading efficiency. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and the inhibition of cell migration were analyzed using a scratch assay. Furthermore, the drug-loading efficiency of the nanoparticles was quantified. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited dimensions under 50 nm, with an optimal size of ∼10 nm for efficient drug loading. The zeta potential was −24.33 ± 2.654 mV. The drug-loading capacity was 226.618 35 µg LDC/mg nanoparticle material. FTIR revealed an interaction between lidocaine and the nanospheres. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the nanomaterial suppressed the cell cycle progression. In addition, the nanomaterial exhibited a notable inhibition of cell migration, resulting in reduced migration efficiency compared with the control group. Thus, the methyl-PEG2000-DSPE-PVP-LDC nanomaterial demonstrates considerable promise for drug delivery owing to its small particle size, efficient drug-loading capability, and potential to inhibit the proliferation and migration of human immortalized keratinocytes, suggesting its potential diverse biomedical applications, particularly in cancer therapy.
Pipeline leak diagnosis using multisource multiscale attention entropy and enhanced least square twin support vector machine
Authors: Zhou Hongbiao , Zhang Shilin , Li Longfeng , Wang Le , Ma Congguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To achieve rapid and precise identification of water supply pipeline leakage faults, this study introduces a diagnostic framework that integrates multisource multiscale attention entropy (MMATE), an enhanced least-squares twin support vector machine (ELSTSVM), and an adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm. The MMATE-ELSTSVM-AdaBoost architecture follows a three-stage workflow. First, an improved wavelet threshold denoising (IWTD) technique featuring a novel threshold-processing function is developed to suppress signal noise. Second, MATE values are extracted from the denoised signals, and a multidimensional feature vector is constructed by integrating MATE characteristics across multisource sensors. Third, the ELSTSVM’s objective function is enhanced through a reformulated distance metric, augmented with regularization and compactness terms to optimize model robustness and generalizability. The refined MMATE feature vectors are then fed into the ELSTSVM-AdaBoost ensemble for fault classification. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms conventional single-feature approaches, standalone models, and state-of-the-art SVM variants, achieving a peak classification accuracy of 99.10% in leakage detection tasks.