bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of inflammation in pathogenesis of juvenile schizophrenia
Authors: Zozulya S. , Omelchenko M. , Otman I. , Yakimets A. , Sarmanova Z. , Kaleda V. , Klyushnik T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionInflammation is now known to be a key factor in the development of schizophrenia. In this regard, the study of the pathogenic role of inflammation in the early stages of schizophrenic process is of particular importance, making it possible to assess its activity and to predict the development of the disease.ObjectivesTo compare the dynamics of inflammatory markers in blood of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and people at risk signs for schizophrenia in the course of the treatment. Juvenile depression (JD) with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenic spectrum (ASSS) was investigated as a risk group.MethodsThe patients aged 17-25 years (20 people, of which 10 FEP patients (F20) and 10 JD with ASSS ones (F32.1-2, F32.38, F32.8)) were examined at admission to the hospital and at discharge. The controls consisted of 10 healthy volunteers. Symptom severity was collected using PANSS, SOPS, SANS, HDRS. The inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, leukocyte elastase (LE), CRP, α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), anti-S100-beta antibodies) were determined in blood.ResultsAn increase of inflammatory markers in both groups compared to controls was found (p<0,05). The highest values of IL-6, LE, CRP, α1-PI and anti-S100-beta antibodies in FEP patients were revealed (p=0,03). After the treatment, the positive trend of inflammatory markers in FEP patients (p<0,05), but not in JD with ASSS patients was detected (except LE activity, p<0,05).ConclusionsThe results confirm the pathogenic role of inflammation in the development of endogenous mental disorders. The inflammatory markers studied reflect the activity of the pathological process in the early stages of schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Joint care of parents and infants in perinatal psychiatry
Authors: Sutter-Dallay A.-L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyIn the perinatal period, about 15-20 % of women will present a mental health disorder. These disorders, as with all sources of psychological and physical stress in early childhood, especially the poor quality of parent-child relationships, are widely involved in predicting poor mental health in adulthood. The economic cost of perinatal mental health, corollary of this human cost, evaluated in 2014 would amount to £GBP 8.1 billion per annual birth cohort according to a UK report. This report highlights another fundamental element: 3/4 of the costs are associated with the deleterious consequences of parental psychological disorders on child development. The mechanisms involved in the relationship between parental psychiatric disorders and child development are complex. On the other hand, the influence of parental characteristics on the future of children can vary depending on social determinants such as familial income level. During the perinatal period, parental mental health represents one of the keys to the infant development. Perinatal psychiatry allows a dual approach essential to deal with the complexity of perinatal psychiatry care, combining a curative aim (care of the parent) and a preventive one (preventing the risk of dysfunction in the process of becoming parents, in parent-child relationships and of impaired child developement). This intervention wil discuss how this interactive circle must be supported by perinatal mental health policies, of which the joint care of parents and infants (from parent-child psychotherapy to joint mother-baby hospitalisation) in perinatal psychiatry is a pivotal element.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The end-world delusion with religious content, apocalyptic variant
Authors: Borisova O. , Kopeyko G. , Gedevani E. , Orehova P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDiagnostics of Apocalyptic variant of end-world Delusion with Religious Content (ADRC) in schizophrenia is related with insufficient exploration and recognizability, despite the severity of the state, social risks and resistance to psychopharmacotherapy.ObjectivesTo define psychopathological and phenomenological features of ADRC in schizophrenia, to identify the clinical dynamics of delusional disorders due to specifics of the delusional behavior, and to develop diagnostic and prognostic criteria.Methods28 patients with ADRC in schizophrenia were examined (ICD-10: F20.0, F20.01, F20.02). Clinical-psychopathological and statistical methods were applied.Results
Delusional ideas of end-world, Apocalyptic variant, occurred in the structure of affective-delusional state (acute sensual delusion with fantastic content). Two types of ADRC were identified: with the predominance of acute sensory delusions of perception and with the predominance of visual-figurative delusions of the imagination. These types differed in the severity and depth of psychotic manifestations and in the specifics of a delusion formation, were characterized by the mono- or polythematic delusional disorders.ConclusionsCases of ADRC differ both in the clinical-psychopathological specifics of delusional constructions, and in the socio-behavioral aspect. Among these cases, there is a high risk of delusional destructive behavior, with auto-aggressive, suicidal attempts and hetero-aggressive behavior. In cases with ADRC the strong persistence of delusional pseudo-religious beliefs occurs, with the refusal of any medical and psychological assistance, as well as implication of socially dangerous acts associated with the spread of delusional ideas and their induction of religiously inclined persons, which leads to the emergence of pathological pseudoreligiosity (distortion of traditional canonical religious views).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The varieties of delusional syndrome of possession in schizophrenia
Authors: Borisova O. , Kopeyko G. , Gedevani E. , Samsonov I. , Kaleda V. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDelusional Syndrome of Possession in schizophrenia (DSPS) is insufficiently explored. Although it characterized by significant severity of clinical state and resistance to psychopharmacotherapy, and may be accompanied by high social risks.ObjectivesTo carry out clinical and psychopathological differentiation of DSPS and to define its personalized diagnostic and prognostic criteria.Methods66 patients with DSPS were observed (F20.0, F20.01, F20.02 according to ICD-10) by psychopathological, psychometrical and statistical methods.ResultsPersistent delusional conviction of patient in invasion of certain «spiritual being» (demonic or divine) inside of the body and soul is the specific core of DSPS. The psychotic episode with DSPS has similar pattern with paranoid syndrome of Kandinsky–Clérambault. Although, the structure of the syndrome is varying, and characterized by predominance of hallucinatory or delusion symptoms. According to these varieties two different types of DSPS were identified, which were observed in continuous or paroxysmal course of disease. The forms of destructive delusional behavior were also different for both of these types.ConclusionsDelusional Syndrome of Possession in schizophrenia (DSPS) is complex and diverse phenomenon, due to religious content of delusional disorders, which occurs in specific psychopathological structure of psychotic state. This fact may cause controversy both in psychiatric practice and in religious communities. So, the obtained data could be important for social and treatment predicting, as well as for pastoral counseling.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Ayahuasca potential benefits
Authors: Pinilla R. , Rodriguez C. , Batet-Sanchez D. , Ordoñez B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAyahusca has potential therapeutic beneffits.ObjectivesExpose the potential beneffits of ayahuasca from neuropharmacology and clinical existing evidence.MethodsA literature review was carried out in the databases pubmed, clinical key and texts of scientific dissemination.Results
There´s scientific literature about the potential therapeutic use of ayahuasca in dependencies, anxiety symtoms and depression, near death experiences and terminal illnesses. Possible benefit is postulated in impulsivity and personality disorders. It induces an introspective state, triggered by thoughts, emotions and autobiographical memories, which promotes reflection on personal issues, allowing new perspectives on certain life issues. It is common for users to describe it as analogous to a psychotherapeutic intervention. 5HTA2 agonists stimulate the expression of genes that encode transcription factors such as c-fos, egr 1, egr 2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which influence neuronal plasticity and are associated with cognitive aspects such as memory and attention. MAOIs and 5HT2A agonism have anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Sigma -1 agonism promotes neuroplasticity. Decrease and remission in the consumption of alcohol and cocaine has been reported in patients with abuse and dependence. There has been significant decrease in depressive symptomatology, in observational studies, cases and controls and double blind compared with placebo. Improvement in different domains measured with mindfulness scales, similar to those observed in meditators, suggests an association between mindfulness techniques and experiences with ayahuasca.ConclusionsThere is existing evidence about potential therapeutical uses of ayahuasca. More studies are needed with biger samples, to establish it´s clinical use.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dress syndrome following carbamazepine exposure: A very early onset
Authors: Kraiem M. , Charfi N. , Mhiri E. , Gassara I. , Omri S. , Smaoui N. , Feki R. , Zouari L. , Thabet J. Ben , Bouali M. Maalej , Maalej M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe cutaneous drug reaction characterised by both systemic and cutaneous clinical manifestation with a mean latency period of 3.9 weeks.ObjectivesTo underline the importance of an early diagnosis of DRESS SYNDROME.MethodsWe reported a case of carbamazepine induced DRESS syndrome with atypical chronology of manifestations.ResultsA 43-year-old man with no previous known medical history was admitted in psychiatry. He experienced a relapse of schizoaffective symptoms. In the last three years, the patient was treated by Valproic acid as a mood stabilizer. Because of the unavailability of this molecule, carbamazepine was prescribed in combination with antipsychotics. Three days later, the patient developed a high fever, hypotension, a pruritus, a facial oedema, a skin rash associated to lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings showed a lymphopenia, eosinophilia and elevated liver chemistries. In order to define the case, RegiSCAR scoring system was used, and our case is categorized as probable with a score of five. Carbamazepine was discontinued upon clinical manifestationsand the patient was treated with systemic antihistaminic treatment associated to methylprednisolone with a good outcome. After 3 weeks, clinical and biological improvement were noted.ConclusionsDespite the absence of a delayed onset, typically between 3 weeks and 3months, we can diagnose dress syndrome 3 days after carbamazepine intake. This case highlights that psychiatrists should be aware of the risk of early onset dress syndrome associated with carbamazepine and they should monitor for warning symptoms from treatment initiation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychedelics and psychiatric disorders: A emerging role
Authors: Peixoto C. , Santos F. Queirós , Rego D. , Medeiros H. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionRecently there has been renewal in interest of psychedelic research. Classic psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin and mescaline act pharmacologically as agonists at the 5-HT2A receptor. The entactogens like methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), acts as a serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline agonist. All of these drugs are potential candidates in the treatment of multiple psychiatric illnesses.ObjectivesThe authors intend to review the literature on the clinical application of psychedelic drugs in psychiatric disorders.MethodsNon-systematic review of the literature.ResultsIn recent clinical trial the psychedelic is given with psychotherapeutic input. In a supportive setting, psychedelics produced immediate and significant anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects that were endured for several months. Randomized clinical trials support the efficace of psilocybin in the treatment of depression and those with anxiety and depression symptoms provoked by life-threatening cancer. There have also been studies showing efficacy in both alcohol and tobacco dependence. When administered safely LSD can reduce anxiety and have anti-addictive property. Randomized clinical trials support the efficacy of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD. Psychedelics were well-tolerated, few adverse effects have been reported. The most common adverse effects were transient anxiety, short-lived headaches, nausea and mild increases in heart rate and blood pressure, with no persisting adverse effects. Serious adverse events, such as persistent psychosis and suicidality, have not been demonstrated.ConclusionsPsychedelics appear to be effective in multiple psychiatric disorders and are well-tolerated, although further evidence is required, to better see they therapeutic potential.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The sublingual use of atropine in the treatment of clozapine‐induced sialorrhea
Authors: Darriba H. Becerra 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionClozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic indicated in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Patients taking clozapine are likely to experience an increase in salivation or sialorrhea. Clozapine‐induced sialorrhea (CIS) may lead to sleep disturbances or aspiration pneumonia. Treatment options include locally administered anticholinergic medication with atropine ophthalmic drops applied sublingually.ObjectivesTo review the current evidence for the effectiveness, safety, side effects and dosage of sublingual application of atropine in reducing or resolving of CIS.MethodsSystematic review. Data were obtained from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Plus, Trip Database, Science Direct and Scopus searches of English-language articles, without restriction for date of publication and study design, reporting the sublingual use of atropine in the treatment of CIS. Large clinical studies with appropriate statistical methods and recruited adults were preferred.Results12 selected articles (of 458 references) consisted entirely of case reports and case series. A total of 29 patients with CIS were reported, of whom 24 responded favorably to sublingually administered atropine drops 1% (1-2 drops a day). One limitation of its utilization is the dose-related dry mouth, which can be addressed by lowering the number of drops administered. CIS can occur at different clozapine doses, in various stages of treatment.ConclusionsThe reviewed articles suggest that the use of sublingual atropine is a promising local treatment for CIS. Oral anticholinergic and alpha-2 agonist medications have been used to treat CIS with variable efficacy, but can cause systemic anticholinergic side effects. Further experimental research is needed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Differences in cognitive side-effects and seizure parameters between thiopental and propofol narcosis in ECT
Authors: Kavakbasi E. , Wieneke A. , Baune B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe standard anaesthetic for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in our hospital methohexital was no longer available from the beginning of 2019. A change to alternatives became necessary. We initially decided on thiopental and than switched to propofol after the suspicion of increased occurrence of cognitive deficits due to thiopental narcosis was expressed by clinicians.ObjectivesThis retrospective study provides a comparison of the two narcotics in terms of side-effects and seizure parameters.MethodsWe performed a retrospective data collection from our clinical database and identified a total of 64 patients (w=60.9 %, m=39.1 %) got either thiopental (n=35) or propofol (n=29) for ECT narcosis.ResultsThe mean age at the beginning of the ECT series was 56.0 years (20-82, SD 17.8, median 57.5). The groups did not differ in terms of age distribution. On average the depressive episode lastet for 9.0 months (SD 11.5, median 6.0) with no difference between the two groups. The mean EEG seizure time was significantly shorter in the propofol group (28.1 sec; 95%-CI: 23.8-32.4) than in the thiopental group (38.3 sec.; 95%-CI: 34.3-38.3). The mean EMG seizure activity was also shortler in the propofol group (12.0 sec.; 95%-CI: 8.0-15.0) compared with the thiopental group (21.5 sec.; 95%-CI: 18.3-24.8). The ECT series was interrupted due to cognitive side-effects in 20 cases. The majority of these cases (n=17) concerned the thiopental group, compared to 3 cases in the propofol group.ConclusionsPropofol narcosis in ECT was assiosiated with worse seizure parameters, whereas thiopental narcosis was associated with increased risk of cognitive side-effects.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Understanding schizophrenia as a self-disturbance
Authors: Fredheim K. , Wynn R. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Phenomenolgical theory has contributed to a renewed understanding of schizophrenia, as a supplemental perspective to contemporary operationalistic theories. Phenomenological research with patients suffering from schizophrenia emphasizes the nature of subjectivity and suggests that a basic disturbance of the self can be understood as a core phenotypic marker of shizophrenia.ObjectivesTo briefly present and discuss the phenomenological theory of self-disturbance, illustrated through a case.MethodsIn this case study we briefly present the phenomenological theory for self-disturbance. We illustrate the theory by presenting elements from a case involving a patient that suffers from schizophrenia. Our focus in on how the self-disturbance is experienced by the patient and how the therapist can address this experience. The challenges in psychotherapy related to the phenomenon of self-disturbance and the implications for examination and treatment are discussed.Results
The patient gives a detailed description of how he experiences a diminished basic sense of self. Central elements in his experience are a loss of a common-sense ability, hyperreflexivity, and a loss of a first-person perspective. He describes how this disorder creates difficulties in communication, relationships, treatment, and in coping with life. He also describes which elements of his treatment that he has experienced as the most helpful. The case underlines the importance of considering the concept of self-disturbance in psychotherapy.ConclusionsIn this case study, we draw on phenomenological theory to gain insight into a patient’s experiences relating to the concept of self-disturbance.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The relationship between mindfulness, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Bergmann N. , Hahn E. , Hahne I.M. , Zierhut M. , Ta T.M.T. , Bajbouj M. , Pijnenborg M. , Böge K. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMindfulness-based interventions have received growing attention over the last years for the treatment of various mental disorders, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), demonstrating their transdiagnostic validity. However, no study has examined the relationship of probable mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of mindfulness in SSD.ObjectivesThe current study examines the relationship between mindfulness, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in individuals with SSD through quantitative measures.MethodsA total of 83 participants with SSD were recruited at the in- and outpatient facility of the Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin in Germany. Participants completed the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire, Comprehensive Inventory for Mindful Experiences, and Freiburger Mindfulness Inventory, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. PROCESS analysis examined the relationship between mindfulness and quality of life and the mediating role of depression and anxiety.Results
Indicated a significant positive association between mindfulness and physical health, psychological and environmental quality of life. Depression and anxiety were found to mediate this relationship, with higher depression and anxiety scores being related to lower mindfulness and quality of life. In this relationship, however, depression was found to be the stronger predictor.ConclusionsThe findings of this study provide insight into the mechanisms of mindfulness. Initial evidence for the transdiagnostic and process-based clinical relevance of MBIs for SSD has been found and future studies can further explore the role of mindfulness for central therapeutic processes of change by employing longitudinal designs.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Predictors of psychosocial adaptation and mental wellbeing among people with chronic illness and disabilities in a chinese context
Authors: Siu A. , Chan S. , Cheung M. , Mo C. , Lai S. , Shek D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe process of adjustment to disability and illness among people with chronic illness and disabilities (CID) impacts on motivation for rehabilitation illness self-management, and psychological well-being. It involves a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors, and was seldom examined in the Chinese context.ObjectivesIdentify the predictors of mental well-being of people with from a set of variables including illness and social support, functional abilities, coping strategies, resilience. Examine how these factors interact in determining psychosocial adaptation and mental well-being by structural equations modelling (SEM).MethodsWe conducted a survey of people with CID, who were recruited from community-rehabilitation settings and self-help groups (N = 244). The research questionnaire collected basic demographic information, illness-related variables (e.g. pain, fatigue, functional limitations), and RIDI), social support, measures of resilience, coping, psychosocial ad as predictors, and mental well-being.ResultsOf General Linear Model (GLM) revealed that males have better adaptation than females. Resilience, social coping, & active problem solving are significant predictors of adaptation (Table 1), while age, breathing, pain, resilience, avoidance coping, are predictors of maladaptation (Table 2). A SEM was tested to examine the interaction among the predictors and outcome of adaptation and mental well-being (Figure 1), and the model fit was fair (CFI = 0.89; RMSEA = 0.09)ConclusionsThe results indicated that there are gender differences in adaptation. While all the hypothesized groups of variables contributed to mental well-being of people with CID. Resilience, illness variables, and some forms of coping are closely linked to adaptation and maladaptation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.