bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of roasting on the phenolic and volatile compounds in coffee beans
Authors: Wu Hanjing , Lu Peiyao , Liu Ziyao , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Suleria Hafiz A. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhenolic compounds present in coffee beans could generate flavor and bring benefits to health. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of commercial roasting levels (light, medium, and dark) on phenolic content and antioxidant potential of Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica) comprehensively via antioxidant assays. The phenolic compounds in roasted samples were characterized via liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). Furthermore, the coffee volatile compounds were identified and semi‐quantified by headspace/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS). Generally, for phenolic and antioxidant potential estimation, light roasted samples exhibited the highest TPC (free: 23.97 ± 0.60 mg GAE/g; bound: 19.32 ± 1.29 mg GAE/g), DPPH, and FRAP. The medium roasted beans performed the second high in all assays but the highest ABTS+ radicals scavenging capacity (free: 102.37 ± 8.10 mg TE/g; bound: 69.51 ± 4.20 mg TE/g). Totally, 23 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized through LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS, which is mainly adopted by 15 phenolic acid and 5 other polyphenols. The majority of phenolic compounds were detected in the medium roasted samples, followed by the light. Regarding GC‐MS, a total of 20 volatile compounds were identified and semi‐quantified which exhibited the highest in the dark followed by the medium. Overall, this study confirmed that phenolic compounds in coffee beans would be reduced with intensive roasting, whereas their antioxidant capacity could be maintained or improved. Commercial medium roasted coffee beans exhibit relatively better nutritional value and organoleptic properties. Our results could narrow down previous conflicts and be practical evidence for coffee manufacturing in food industries.
Selection of superior accessions of turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa L.) based on tuber quality‐related characters
Authors: Khadivi Ali , Mirheidari Farhad , Moradi Younes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTurnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa L.) (syn. B. campestris L. ssp. rapifera Sinsk) is an important crop species belonging to the Brassicaceae family. The 185 accessions belonging to this crop were collected from several areas of Toodshak region in Isfahan province, Iran, and their tubers were cultivated under homogeneous conditions in loamy clay soil. The morphological traits of different organs of those accessions were evaluated. Significant variations were detected among the accessions studied based on the traits recorded. Tuber shape showed high variation and included globose, oblong, ovate, obovate, and fusiform. Also, tuber skin color was highly variable, including white, bicolor white–violet, light violet, and dark violet. Tuber weight ranged from 1.56 to 35.70 g, while total soluble solids (TSS) of tuber flesh ranged from 7.00 to 11.80%. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 18 components were extracted by explaining 74.88% of total variance. The dendrogram obtained based on all the characters measured clustered the accessions into two major clusters. Sixteen accessions were placed into the first cluster, while the remaining accessions were placed into the second cluster which was divided into six subclusters. High level of morphological variabilities was observed among the accessions, which is applicable and useful for B. rapa var. rapa breeding programs. Based on the commercial and quality traits, 17 accessions could be selected for direct cultivation. Also, the promising accessions identified here can be utilized directly in breeding programs for genetic enhancement of this crop.
Maintenance metronomic chemotherapy for metastatic/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Twu Chih‐Wen , Lin Po‐Ju , Tsou Hsiao‐Hui , Liu Yi‐Chun , Jiang Rong‐San , Liang Kai‐Li , Lin Tian‐Yun , Wang Wen‐Yi , Lin Jin‐Ching 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the survival impact and toxicity of maintenance metronomic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic/recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (met/rec NPC).MethodsNinety‐eight patients with met/rec NPC were first salvaged by IV cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and showed nonprogression disease; then maintenance metronomic chemotherapy for at least 12 months was recommended. We analyzed the treatment outcome between patients who received (n = 51) and did not receive (n = 47) maintenance chemotherapy.ResultsBaseline patient characteristics showed no significant differences between both arms. Median overall survival for patients with and without maintenance chemotherapy was 36.0 and 12.3 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). Similarly, median progression‐free survival was 24.7 and 7.3 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, toxicities during maintenance oral chemotherapy period were usually mild. Transient grade 3 leucopenia (9.8%), anemia (3.9%), thrombocytopenia (7.8%), and no grade 4 toxicity were observed.ConclusionAfter IV salvage chemotherapy, maintenance oral metronomic chemotherapy significantly improved overall and progression‐free survivals while demonstrating low toxicity in patients with met/rec NPC.
Parental food communication and child eating behaviours: A systematic literature review
Authors: Norton Lyza , Parkinson Joy , Harris Neil , Darcy Morgan , Hart Laura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo review current evidence for parental food communication practices and their association with child eating behaviours.MethodsThe PRISMA framework guided the reporting of the review; registered with Prospero in July 2020. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Only quantitative studies that included a parental measure of food communication and a child measure of eating behaviour were included.ResultsFrom 11 063 articles 23 were eligible for synthesis. The vast majority (82%) of studies used observational cross‐sectional designs. Three involved observing parent–child dyads, with the remainder using questionnaires. Two quasi‐experimental designs tested interventions and two randomised control trial were reported. The majority of measures assessing parental food communication were subscales of larger questionnaires. The Caregiver's Feeding Style Questionnaire (CFSQ) was the most direct and relevant measure of parental food communication. Findings of reviewed studies highlighted that “how” parents communicate about food appears to impact child eating behaviours. Using child‐centred communication provided promising outcomes for positive child eating behaviours, while parental “diet” communication was found to be associated with poorer dietary outcomes in children.ConclusionsFood communication research is in its infancy. However, evidence for the importance of parents' child‐focused food communication is emerging, providing a focus for future research and interventions.So What?Given the gaps in our understanding about prevention of disordered eating, there is a significant opportunity to explore what food communication strategies may assist parents to communicate about food in a positive way.
Sleep disturbance in alopecia areata: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shakoei Safoura , Torabimirzaee Alireza , Saffarian Zahra , Abedini Robabeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a nonscarring hair loss with autoimmune pathophysiology, which is associated with psychiatric disorders including anxiety and depression. Sleep disorders are commonly seen with anxiety and depression. Here we evaluate the sleep quality of AA patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 51 AA patients and 51 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The sleep quality and day sleepiness were evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires. The severity of AA was evaluated with the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT).ResultsUnlike the ESS score, the mean PSQI score was significantly higher in the AA group compared with the controls (7 ± 4.13 vs. 3.53 ± 1.96, p < 0.001). The number of cases with ESS ≥ 11, indicating the excess daytime sleepiness, was significantly higher in the AA group compared with controls (15 vs. 6, p = 0.02). There was no significant correlation between PSQI score and age, age of onset of the disease, or SALT score (p > 0.05). Anxiety and depression were more common in the AA group versus controls (p = 0.9). PSQI score was higher in AA patients who had anxiety and depression compared with those who did not (9.9 ± 5.28 vs. 4.76 ± 3.08, p = 0.001).ConclusionSleep quality is impaired in AA patients. As expected, sleep would be more disturbed in AA cases with depression or anxiety. Therefore, attention to sleep quality and concomitant psychiatric diseases is essential in AA clinical management.
Prehospital administration of broad‐spectrum antibiotics for sepsis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Varney Joseph , Motawea Karam R. , Kandil Omneya A. , Hashim Hashim T. , Murry Kimberly , Shah Jaffer , Shaheen Ahmed , Akwari Joy , Awad Ahmed K. , Rivera Amanda , Mostafa Mostafa R. , Swed Sarya , Awad Dina M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSome studies have suggested that earlier initiation of antibiotics has shown positive outcomes in sepsis patients. We aimed to do a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of prehospital administration of antibiotics on 28 days mortality and length of stay in hospital and intensive care unit for sepsis patients.MethodsWe formulated a search strategy and used it on search databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. We then screened the records for eligibility and included controlled studies, either clinical trials or cohort studies reporting prehospital antibiotic administration for sepsis patients. We excluded duplicates, books, conferences' abstracts, case reports, editorials, letters, author responses, not English studies, and studies with nonavailable full text. Animal and lab studies were also excluded.ResultsThe total number of studies identified is 1811, 19 were eligible for systematic review and 4 for meta‐analysis (three cohort and one clinical trial). The total number of sepsis patients in the four included studies in the 28 days mortality outcome was 3523 (1779 took prehospital antibiotics and 1744 did not take prehospital antibiotics). Of 1779 who took the antibiotics, 190 died, and of 1744 who did not take antibiotics, 292 died (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.97, p = 0.02).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis reveals that receiving prehospital antibiotics can significantly lower mortality in sepsis patients compared to patients who do not receive prehospital antibiotics. However, more clinical trials and multicenter prospective studies with high sample sizes are needed to get strong evidence supporting our findings.
Interaction of leisure‐time physical activity with body mass index on the risk of obesity‐related cancers: A pooled study
Authors: Sun Ming , Bjørge Tone , Teleka Stanley , Engeland Anders , Wennberg Patrik , Häggström Christel , Stocks Tanja 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) has been associated with a lower risk of some obesity‐related cancers, but the combined association and interaction of PA and body weight on obesity‐related cancer risk is less clear. We examined the association of leisure‐time PA (high/low) and its combination with body mass index (BMI, <25 [low]/≥25 [high] kg/m2) on obesity‐related cancer risk in 570 021 individuals, aged 43 years on average at baseline, in five Scandinavian cohorts. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios of obesity‐related cancers (n = 19 074) and assessed multiplicative and additive interactions between PA and BMI on risk. High leisure‐time PA, recorded in 19% of the individuals, was associated with a 7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4%‐10%) lower risk of any obesity‐related cancer compared to low PA, with similar associations amongst individuals with a low and a high BMI (6% [1%‐11%] and 7% [2%‐11%]). High PA was also associated with decreased risks of renal cell (11% [9%‐31%]) and colon cancer (9% [2%‐16%]). When high PA and low BMI were combined, the relative risk reduction for all obesity‐related cancers was 24% (95% CI 20%‐28%); endometrial cancer, 47% (35%‐57%); renal cell cancer, 39% (27%‐51%); colon cancer, 27% (19%‐35%); multiple myeloma, 23% (2%‐40%) and pancreatic cancer, 21% (4%‐35%), compared to low PA‐high BMI. There were no additive or multiplicative interactions between PA and BMI on risk. The result of our study suggests a reduced risk of obesity‐related cancer by leisure‐time PA in both normal weight and overweight individuals, which further decreased for PA and normal weight combined.
From the voices of supervisees: A theoretical model of reflective supervision (Part II)
Authors: Barron Carla C. , Dayton Carolyn J. , Goletz Jess L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEmpirical study of reflective supervision/consultation (RS/C) has been gaining ground over the past decade. However, much of this literature is focused on the supervisor perspective of what RS/C is, what makes it effective, and how it impacts the work of the supervisee. This paper, Part II of a two‐part series, presents a theoretical model of RS/C that was developed from the perspectives and experiences of supervisees who work with infants, young children, and families and participate in either group or individual RS/C. This qualitative study built upon themes that emerged from data obtained from 50 IECMH professionals in the United States who participated in focus groups or individual interviews aimed at investigating their experiences of RS/C. Data were analyzed using a Grounded Theory approach. A developmental and ecological theoretical model of RS/C emerged from the data that includes three domains of influence – individual, relational, and contextual – on the supervisee's capacity to understand and use their experience of RS/C in their work. These novel data contribute to our understanding of RS/C from the supervisee perspective. The theoretical model provides a framework from which to investigate outcomes, train supervisors and supervisees, and advocate for RS/C within agencies and programs.
Bate palmas mutant mice as a model of Kabuki syndrome: Higher susceptibility to infections and vocalization impairments?
Authors: Kirsten Thiago B. , Silva Ericka P. , Biondi Thalles F. , Rodrigues Paula S. , Cardoso Carolina V. , Massironi Silvia M. G. , Mori Claudia M. C. , Bondan Eduardo F. , Bernardi Maria M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe recessive mutant mouse bate palmas (bapa) arose from N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis. Previous studies of our group revealed some behavioral impairments and a mutation in the lysine (K)‐specific methyltransferase 2D (Kmt2d) gene. Because mutations in the KMT2D gene in humans are mainly responsible for Kabuki syndrome, this study was proposed to validate bapa mice as a model of Kabuki syndrome. Besides other symptoms, Kabuki syndrome is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and speech impairments, usually diagnosed in the early childhood. Thus, juvenile male and female bapa mice were studied in different developmental stages (prepubertal period and puberty). To induce sickness behavior and to study infection susceptibility responses, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used. To study oral communication, ultrasonic vocalizations were evaluated. Behavioral (open‐field test) and central (astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]) evaluations were also performed. Control and bapa female mice emitted 31‐kHz ultrasounds on prepubertal period when exploring a novel environment, a frequency not yet described for mice, being defined as 31‐kHz exploratory vocalizations. Males, LPS, and puberty inhibited these vocalizations. Bapa mice presented increased motor/exploratory behaviors on prepubertal period due to increased striatal TH expression, revealing striatal dopaminergic system hyperactivity. Combining open‐field behavior and GFAP expression, bapa mice did not develop LPS tolerance, that is, they remained expressing signs of sickness behavior after LPS challenge, being more susceptible to infectious/inflammatory processes. It was concluded that bapa mice is a robust experimental model of Kabuki syndrome.
Use of daily precipitation records to assess the response of extreme events to global warming: Methodology and illustrative application to the European region
Authors: Giorgi Filippo , Ciarlò James M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe introduce a technique for identifying daily precipitation records based on the analysis of maximum daily precipitation events within running 30‐day periods. The technique is applied to the E‐OBS daily precipitation dataset for the European region spanning the period 1950–2018. We find that, on a Europe wide scale, the number of actual precipitation records as defined above exceeds the theoretical value expected under stationary climate conditions by a factor increasing with time by up to 1.6–1.8. This result, which has substantial subregional variability, is indicative of an increase of daily precipitation extremes consistent with what expected from climate warming conditions. We also apply the technique to the ERA5 reanalysis and four illustrative 21st century projections conducted with two regional climate models under the high end RCP8.5 and low end RCP2.6 greenhouse gas concentration pathways. We find a sustained increase of precipitation records throughout the 21st century with respect to the expected values for the RCP8.5 scenario, and a much reduced signal for the RCP2.6. In both cases the overall increase in actual to expected ratios of precipitation records is consistent with the warming trends found in the two scenarios, although this signal is highly variable in space and depends on the model being analysed. Our technique can be useful in studies of detection and attribution of extreme precipitation events and in the assessment of the impacts of increasing extremes under global warming conditions.
Cultural racism and burnout among Black mental health therapists
Authors: Shell E Mackenzie , Hua Justin , Sullivan Phillip 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examined the correlation between cultural racism and burnout among 252 Black mental health therapists in the United States. Using the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the authors aimed to provide a better understanding of stress appraisals (i.e., cultural racism) that affect burnout among Black mental health therapists. Perceived cultural racism and hours worked per week were found to be predictive of burnout. The findings highlight the importance of attending to cultural racism as a work stress that impacts the well‐being of Black mental health therapists.
Population‐level utilisation of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for the treatment of rectal cancer
Authors: Gugusheff Jessica , White Kahren , Fitzadam Suzanne , Creighton Nicola , Engel Alexander , Lee Mark , Thompson Stephen R. , Chantrill Lorraine , Young Jane , Currow David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeInternational clinical guidelines recommend long‐ or short‐course neoadjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. This study aims to examine variation in the use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer and identify patient and hospital factors that underpin this variation.Methods and MaterialsWe conducted a retrospective, consecutive cohort study using statewide hospitalisation and radiotherapy data from New South Wales, Australia, 2013–2018. Included participants had a primary rectal adenocarcinoma and underwent surgical resection. Factors associated with the use or not of any neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and short versus long‐course were explored using multilevel logistic regression models.ResultsOf the 2912 people included in the study, 43% received neoadjuvant radiotherapy. There was significant variation in the use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy depending on geographic location. Abdominoperineal excision (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53–2.28) and having surgery in a public hospital (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.92–2.87) were both predictors of use. Among those receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy, 17% received short‐course therapy, with short‐course declining over the study period.ConclusionsThe use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer is highly variable, with differences only partially explained by assessable patient‐or hospital‐level factors. Understanding neoadjuvant radiotherapy utilisation patterns may assist in identifying barriers and opportunities to improve adherence to clinical guidelines.
Improving nonprofit succession management for leadership continuity: A shared leadership approach
Authors: Geib Nils , Boenigk Silke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe topic of nonprofit succession management has gained increasing research attention in recent years. However, the organizational implementation rate of succession management is often low – and even where present, may be mere “lip service.” Previous studies in the field mostly focus on the role of boards or executive directors in succession management. Grounded in shared leadership theory, this study takes a broader perspective, and stresses the shared responsibilities among boards, executive directors/division executives, and human resource (HR) professionals within the succession management process. As such, the study's framework comprises three components: shared leadership, the succession management process, and nonprofit leadership continuity as an outcome variable. The results of a large online survey in Germany (N = 1020) show that only 12.3% of responding nonprofit organizations in Germany practice tripartite shared leadership in succession management. However, applying partial least squares analysis indicates, for example, a positive relationship of shared leadership behavior among boards, executive directors/division executives, and HR professionals with the likelihood of a systematic succession management process, as well as nonprofit leadership continuity. Reflecting on our findings and current threats to nonprofits, such as COVID‐19, we conclude by offering practical implications for nonprofit decision‐makers and for academia. Among other things, we argue that nonprofit practice should push for more (tripartite) shared leadership to improve succession management and leadership continuity.