bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S‐Doped Porous Carbon Cage with Good Accommodation Ability as an Effective S Host for Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Jin Peng , Li Long , Hu Yanshao , Yang Xu , Xu Chenggen , Wu Mingzhen , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Shouren , Ma Xinlong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe practical application of Li−S batteries is still limited by the fundamental problems of the insulation properties of sublimed S and the “shuttle effect” of polysulfides. S‐doped porous carbon cage (SPCC) obtained by the catalytic guidance methodology is employed as a highly efficient S host material for Li−S batteries, which presents the cage‐like morphology coupled with abundant pore channels. Compared to the undoped PCC, SPCC exhibits higher electrical conductivity. The composite of sublimed S and SPCC (S@SPCC) employed as cathode for Li−S batteries possesses a higher reversible capacity, superior rate capability and better durability in comparison with that of S@PCC cathode. The synergistic effect of robust matrix associated with good electrical conductivity and abundant pore channels of SPCC is beneficial for the fast electron transport and shorten the Li‐ion diffusion distance. Besides, S doping possesses the positive function to attract Li‐polysulfides, inhibiting the shuttle of Li‐polysulfides and contributing to the superior electrode behavior of the S@SPCC cathode.
Hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm for optimal virtual machine placement and migration in cloud computing
Authors: Infantia Henry Niroshini , Anbuananth C , Kalarani S 
Published: September 2022

SummaryData sharing in cloud computing happens with multiple participants to freely distribute the group data, which focuses on advancing the effectiveness of work in cooperative backgrounds and has attained widespread benefits. The main intent of this article is to accomplish a virtual machines (VMs) placement and migration model using a hybrid meta‐heuristic concept. A new meta‐heuristic algorithm named DJ‐HA is developed for optimal VM placement and migration to reduce the count of active servers, and minimization of makespan, and energy consumption with a faster convergence rate in a cloud background. Then, the VM migration is done based on the multi‐objective function concerning energy consumption and makespan using the same hybrid DJ‐HA. From the result analysis, the energy consumption of the DJ‐HA is correspondingly secured at 4.3%, 3.5%, 31%, and 33% more advanced than PSO, GWO, DHOA, and JA, at the 100th iteration for Experiment 1. Accordingly, the cost function of the suggested DJ‐HA is secured at 88.8%, 89.4%, 33.3%, and 50% increased than PSO, GWO, DHOA, and JA at the 100th iteration for Experiment 4. Hence, it is proved that the suggested VM migration using DJ‐HA is enriched than the other conventional algorithms.
Remarkable Enhancement of Catalytic Activity of Cu‐Complexes in the Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Using Triply Fused Porphyrin**
Authors: Chandra Shubhadeep , Hazari Arijit Singha , Song Qian , Hunger David , Neuman Nicolás. I. , van Slageren Joris , Klemm Elias , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA bimetallic triply fused copper(II) porphyrin complex (1) was prepared, comprising two monomeric porphyrin units linked through β–β, meso–meso, β′–β′ triple covalent linkages and exhibiting remarkable catalytic activity for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction in comparison to the analogous monomeric copper(II) porphyrin complex (2). Electrochemical investigations in the presence of a proton source (trifluoroacetic acid) confirmed that the catalytic activity of the fused metalloporphyrin occurred at a significantly lower overpotential (≈320 mV) compared to the non‐fused monomer. Controlled potential electrolysis combined with kinetic analysis of catalysts 1 and 2 confirmed production of hydrogen, with 96 and 71 % faradaic efficiencies and turnover numbers of 102 and 18, respectively, with an observed rate constant of around 107 s−1 for the dicopper complex. The results thus firmly establish triply fused porphyrin ligands as outstanding candidates for generating highly stable and efficient molecular electrocatalysts in combination with earth‐abundant 3d transition metals.
Resource amount and discontinuity influence flight and reproduction in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Stowe Hannah E. , Michaud J. P. , Kim Tania N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndustrial‐scale agriculture creates a mosaic of large monocultures in the landscape, where seasonal cropping cycles generate discontinuous resource availability for insect predators both spatially and temporally. In this environment, selection will favor predator movement and reproductive behaviors that optimize the location and effective utilization of resource (prey) pulses that are both patchy and ephemeral in nature. Using a model system to study predator movement and reproduction, we tested how discontinuous periods of food resource access that mimic fluctuating resource populations (aphids) would influence flight behavior and reproduction of a highly mobile predator, Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle), and possibly modify energetic trade‐offs between these behaviors. Adult beetles were provided either short (3 h) or long (6 h) food pulses daily (continuous availability) or short (6 h) or long (12 h) food pulses every other day (discontinuous availability). We measured preoviposition period, fecundity, and fertility during an 18‐day oviposition period, and female tethered flight activity (3 h) before and after the oviposition period. We found that discontinuous food access delayed the onset of oviposition in the high food quantity treatment; fewer females laid eggs overall, and 18‐day fecundity was lower compared with continuous provision of the same food quantity. A longer preoviposition period was associated with fewer reproductive days and lower fitness. Flight distance and fecundity were negatively correlated, suggesting that energetic expenditure in flight can deplete energetic reserves otherwise used for subsequent reproduction. The negative effects of discontinuous resource access at fine temporal scales reveal how gaps in resource availability could influence lady beetle population dynamics and their ecosystem services within the agricultural landscape.
The relationship between thermal spatial variability and mean temperature alters movement and population dynamics
Authors: Schuman Isaac J. , Meier Hannah S. , Layden Tamara J. , Fey Samuel B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe importance of spatial and temporal environmental variation in shaping ecosystem dynamics is well appreciated, yet the ecological consequences of dynamic spatial variability, that is, the temporal patterning of spatial variation, remain unresolved. Here, we experimentally generate temporally fluctuating thermal environments that have either a negative, positive, or neutral relationship between the mean spatial environmental temperature and the degree of thermal spatial heterogeneity. We test the hypothesis that the timing of spatial variation relative to diel temperature cycles can meaningfully alter movement patterns and population dynamics, using the motile green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Our results indicate that C. reinhardtii individuals growing in environments with positive relationships between spatial variability and mean temperature show reduced population growth rates, more directed movement as indicated by a reduced turning angle, and decreased negative thermotaxis over time, relative to those growing in environments with a negative relationship between spatial variability and mean temperature. We additionally document substantial regional variation in the dynamics of natural spatial variability by collecting summer water temperature measurements from five ponds in the Mount Saint Helens watershed, WA, USA. Our results collectively suggest that the dynamics of spatial variation are an underappreciated but salient feature within the broader interwoven fabric of spatiotemporal variation.
Recent Development of Photofunctional Transition Metal−Peptide Conjugates for Bioimaging and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Lee Lawrence Cho‐Cheung , Huang Lili , Leung Peter Kam‐Keung , Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeptides are attractive for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their small molecular size, ease of synthesis and chemical modifications, high target affinity and specificity, efficient tissue penetration, and low immunogenicity. In the past decade, there has been enormous interest in the utilization of photofunctional transition metal complexes as cellular probes, bioimaging reagents, and therapeutic agents. The interest stems from the intriguing photophysical and photochemical properties of the complexes, including large Stokes’ shifts, long emission lifetimes, high photostability, and high singlet oxygen‐photosensitization efficiency. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in the development of photofunctional transition metal−peptide conjugates for bioimaging and therapeutic applications, with a focus on the cellular uptake, intracellular localization, and (photo)cytotoxic activity of the conjugates. Our perspective on the current challenges and future development of photofunctional transition metal−peptide conjugates as diagnostic and therapeutic tools is also provided.
Intersectional politicization: A facet of youth activists' sociopolitical development
Authors: Conner Jerusha O. , Lotesta Johnnie , Stannard Rachel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article explores the sociopolitical development (SPD) of youth activists involved in climate justice and gun violence prevention movements. Interviews with 52 youth members of five different youth‐led activist organizations and follow‐up surveys supplied the data. We found that involvement in youth‐led activist organizations facilitates a particular kind of SPD we term “intersectional politicization.” Intersectional politicization involves critical intersectional reflection paired with critical intersectional action. Critical intersectional reflection entails analysis of how marginalized populations are impacted by particular social problems and how various social issues and forces of oppression interconnect. Critical intersectional action consists of participating actively in multiple movements or activist organizations to address distinct issues simultaneously. Intersectional politicization is fostered through organizational trainings and programming, collaborative work with other organizations, dialog with fellow activists, and online activist content. Intersectional politicization raises new considerations for research on critical consciousness and youth SPD.
Clinical and imaging clues to the diagnosis and follow‐up of ptosis and ophthalmoparesis
Authors: Keene Kevin R. , Kan Hermien E. , van der Meeren Stijn , Verbist Berit M. , Tannemaat Martijn R. , Beenakker Jan‐Willem M. , Verschuuren Jan J.G.M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOphthalmoparesis and ptosis can be caused by a wide range of rare or more prevalent diseases, several of which can be successfully treated. In this review, we provide clues to aid in the diagnosis of these diseases, based on the clinical symptoms, the involvement pattern and imaging features of extra‐ocular muscles (EOM). Dysfunction of EOM including the levator palpebrae can be due to muscle weakness, anatomical restrictions or pathology affecting the innervation. A comprehensive literature review was performed to find clinical and imaging clues for the diagnosis and follow‐up of ptosis and ophthalmoparesis. We used five patterns as a framework for differential diagnostic reasoning and for pattern recognition in symptomatology, EOM involvement and imaging results of individual patients. The five patterns were characterized by the presence of combination of ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, diplopia, pain, proptosis, nystagmus, extra‐orbital symptoms, symmetry or fluctuations in symptoms. Each pattern was linked to anatomical locations and either hereditary or acquired diseases. Hereditary muscle diseases often lead to ophthalmoparesis without diplopia as a predominant feature, while in acquired eye muscle diseases ophthalmoparesis is often asymmetrical and can be accompanied by proptosis and pain. Fluctuation is a hallmark of an acquired synaptic disease like myasthenia gravis. Nystagmus is indicative of a central nervous system lesion. Second, specific EOM involvement patterns can also provide valuable diagnostic clues. In hereditary muscle diseases like chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and oculo‐pharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) the superior rectus is often involved. In neuropathic disease, the pattern of involvement of the EOM can be linked to specific cranial nerves. In myasthenia gravis this pattern is variable within patients over time. Lastly, orbital imaging can aid in the diagnosis. Fat replacement of the EOM is commonly observed in hereditary myopathic diseases, such as CPEO. In contrast, inflammation and volume increases are often observed in acquired muscle diseases such as Graves' orbitopathy. In diseases with ophthalmoparesis and ptosis specific patterns of clinical symptoms, the EOM involvement pattern and orbital imaging provide valuable information for diagnosis and could prove valuable in the follow‐up of disease progression and the understanding of disease pathophysiology.
Adsorption characteristics of N‐rGO for multiple representative trace antibiotics in water
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wu Nan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntibiotics have attracted considerable attention as pollutants; however, they have not been controlled because they cannot be effectively treated via conventional water treatment. In this study, nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) was prepared, and its adsorption performance on multiple trace antibiotics in water was investigated by considering sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline, penicillin, and chloramphenicol as target pollutants. The results demonstrated that the adsorption process was completed within 60 min at a removal rate exceeding 80%. The adsorption process was in line with the first‐order kinetic equation and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 1,265.82 mg g−1. Meanwhile, the effect of pH value was related to the structure of antibiotics. Simulation studies showed that anions and cations in natural water matrix did not inhibit the adsorption process, whereas humic acid adversely affected the adsorption effect. Characterizations revealed that the N‐rGO surface was wrinkled with abundant and diverse oxygen‐containing functional groups, which provided suitable conditions for efficient adsorption. The results indicated that N‐rGO rapidly and effectively adsorbed trace antibiotics in water, thus providing a basis for constructing an adsorption–catalytic oxidation system. Overall, the proposed method is excellent for treating trace antibiotics in a water environment.
Heterotopic Interstitial Pregnancy: Early Ultrasound Diagnosis of 179 Cases After In Vitro Fertilization‐Embryo Transfer
Authors: Li Xihong , Cai Pei , Ouyang Yan , Gong Fei 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesWhat is the role of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in the early diagnosis of hectopic interstitial pregnancy (HIP) after in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET)?MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2005 to December 2018. Routine two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional TVS were used to confirm clinical pregnancy. Women were diagnosed with HIP when an intrauterine gestational sac was combined with an extrauterine chorionic sac, which was at least 1 cm away from the uterine cavity and surrounded by a thin myometrial layer (<5 mm). Surgery and pathology results were the gold standard for diagnosing interstitial pregnancy. Non‐surgical patients were excluded from the study. The performance of TVS and the pregnancy outcomes of intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs) were evaluated.ResultsA total of 97,161 women underwent IVF treatment and TVS examinations in our hospital during this study. Of these, 194 patients were diagnosed with HIP, with an incidence of 0.2% (194/97,161). Surgical and pathological findings confirmed 179 interstitial pregnancies, of which 174 were diagnosed by TVS, 4 were missed, and 1 was misdiagnosed. The sensitivity of TVS diagnosis was 97.8% and the positive predictive value was 99.4%. The mean time to diagnosis was 31 days after transplantation. One hundred and thirty‐nine cases of HIP (77.7%) were diagnosed at the time of initial TVS examination. In 132 patients (73.7%), IUPs resulted in live births.ConclusionsIn our practice, most HIPs following IVF‐ET can be accurately diagnosed by TVS, which facilitates early management of interstitial pregnancies and enables high live birth rates for IUPs.
Adolescent Marathon Training
Authors: DeJong Lempke Alexandra F. , Willwerth Sarah B. , Hunt Danielle L. , Meehan William P. , Whitney Kristin E. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesAssess changes in lower extremity musculotendinous thickness, tissue echogenicity, and muscle pennation angles among adolescent runners enrolled in a 6‐month distance running program.MethodsWe conducted prospective evaluations of adolescent runners' lower extremity musculotendinous changes at three timepoints (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months) throughout a progressive marathon training program. Two experienced researchers used an established protocol to obtain short‐ and long‐axis ultrasound images of the medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallicus, and Achilles and patellar tendons. ImageJ software was used to calculate musculotendinous thickness and echogenicity for all structures, and fiber pennation angles for the ankle extrinsic muscles. Repeated measures within‐subject analyses of variance were conducted to assess the effect of endurance training on ultrasound‐derived measures.ResultsWe assessed 11 runners (40.7% of eligible runners; 6F, 5M; age: 16 ± 1 years; running experience: 3 ± 2 years) who remained injury‐free and completed all ultrasound evaluation timepoints. Medial gastrocnemius muscle (F2,20 = 3.48,P = .05), tibialis anterior muscle (F2,20 = 7.36,P = .004), and Achilles tendon (F2,20 = 3.58,P = .05) thickness significantly increased over time. Echogenicity measures significantly decreased in all muscles (P‐range: <.001–.004), and increased for the patellar tendon (P < .001) during training. Muscle fiber pennation angles significantly increased for ankle extrinsic muscles (P < .001).ConclusionsAdolescent runners' extrinsic foot and ankle muscles increased in volume and decreased in echogenicity, attributed to favorable distance training adaptations across the 6‐month timeframe. We noted tendon thickening without concomitantly increased echogenicity, signaling intrasubstance tendon remodeling in response to escalating distance.
Identifying appropriate comparison groups for health system interventions in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Savitz Samuel T. , Scott Jason L. , Leo Michael C. , Keast Erin M. , Savitz Lucy A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 has created additional challenges for the analysis of non‐randomized interventions in health system settings. Our objective is to evaluate these challenges and identify lessons learned from the analysis of a medically tailored meals (MTM) intervention at Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) that began in April 2020.MethodsWe identified both a historical and concurrent comparison group. The historical comparison group included patients living in the same area as the MTM recipients prior to COVID‐19. The concurrent comparison group included patients admitted to contracted non‐KPNW hospitals or admitted to a KPNW facility and living outside the service area for the intervention but otherwise eligible. We used two alternative propensity score methods in response to the loss of sample size with exact matching to evaluate the intervention.ResultsWe identified 452 patients who received the intervention, 3873 patients in the historical comparison group, and 5333 in the concurrent comparison group. We were able to mostly achieve balance on observable characteristics for the intervention and the two comparison groups.ConclusionsLessons learned included: (a) The use of two different comparison groups helped to triangulate results; (b) the meaning of utilization measures changed pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19; and (c) that balance on observable characteristics can be achieved, especially when the comparison groups are meaningfully larger than the intervention group. These findings may inform the design for future evaluations of interventions during COVID‐19.
Spatial‐temporal scanning detection model and calculation method of laser fuze
Authors: Li Hanshan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo scientifically evaluate the detection performance and detection ability of laser fuze, this study studies the double‐laser circumferential scanning detection method of laser fuze and its spatial‐temporal scanning detection model. According to the intersection relationship between projectile and target, the key parameters' calculation method of laser scanning detection is studied, and the spatial‐temporal scanning detection model and output signal model of laser fuze are established based on multi parameters in the detection system. Through calculation and analysis, the changing relationship between the laser detection ability under different laser beam incident angles, scanning frequency, deflection angle as well as other parameters and the laser echo under different deflection angles of laser fuze is discussed. The results show that when the emitted laser beam angle is fixed, the diameter of the detectable target becomes smaller and smaller with the increase of laser pulse frequency, that is, the detection ability of the laser fuze becomes higher and higher. At the same detection distance, the smaller the intersection angle of the missile and target, the stronger the laser echo power reflected by the target; when the detection distance and intersection angle increase, the detection probability of the laser detection system decreases significantly.
A pruning method of feedforward neural network based on contribution of input components for digital predistortion of power amplifier
Authors: Zhao Guobo , Wang Guizhen , Lin Yingchao , Li Shulan , Yu Cuiping , Liu Yuanan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a pruning method based on contribution of input components is proposed to optimize the structure of Feedforward neural network (FNN) model for digital predistortion of power amplifier. The optimized hyperparameters are the specific input components. The pruning algorithm is divided into two stages. The stage I is used to rough rank the importance of input components and the stage II is used to modify the results of stage I. Then, we can get an importance ranking of input components. By deleting unimportant input components, a pruned FNN model with fewer input components can be obtained. Test results show that the proposed algorithm can greatly simplify the FNN model on the premise of ensuring the predistortion performance.