bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitting the determined impedance in the guinea pig inner ear to Randles circuit using square error minimization in the range of 100 Hz to 50 kHz
Authors: Pleshkov M O , D’Alessandro S , Svetlik M V , Starkov D N , Zaitsev V A , Handler M , Baumgarten D , Saba R , van de Berg R , Demkin V P , Kingma H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. Several lumped and distributed parameter models of the inner ear have been proposed to improve vestibular implant stimulation. The models should account for all significant physical phenomena that influence the current propagation, such as the electrical double layer (EDL) and medium polarization. The electrical properties of the medium are reflected in the electrical impedance; therefore, the study aimed to measure the impedance in the guinea pig inner ear and construct its equivalent circuit. Approach. The electrical impedance was measured from 100 Hz to 50 kHz between a pair of platinum electrodes immersed in 0.9% NaCl saline solution using sinusoidal voltage signals. The Randles circuit was fitted to the measured impedance in the saline solution in order to estimate the EDL parameters (

C
,

W
,

a
n
d

R

c
t

) of the electrode interface in saline. Then, the electrical impedance was measured between all combinations of the electrodes located in the semicircular canal ampullae and the vestibular nerve in the guinea pig in vitro. The extended Randles circuit considering the medium polarization (

R

i

,

R

e

,

C

m

) together with EDL parameters (

C
,

R

c
t

) obtained from the saline solution was fitted to the measured impedance of the guinea pig inner ear. The Warburg element was assumed negligible and was not considered in the guinea pig model. Main results. For the set-up used, the obtained EDL parameters were:

C
=
27.09
*

10

−
8

F
,

R

c
t

=
18.75

k
Ω
.

The average values of intra-, extracellular resistances, and membrane capacitance were

R

i

=
4.74

k
Ω
,

R

e

=
45.05

k
Ω
,

C

m

=
9.69
*

10

−
8

F
,

respectively. Significance. The obtained values of the model parameters can serve as a good estimation of the EDL for modelling work. The EDL, together with medium polarization, plays a significant role in the electrical impedance of the guinea pig inner ear, therefore, they should be considered in electrical conductivity models to increase the credibility of the simulations.
Sex differences in microRNA expression in first and third trimester human placenta
Authors: Flowers Amy E , Gonzalez Tania L , Joshi Nikhil V , Eisman Laura E , Clark Ekaterina L , Buttle Rae A , Sauro Erica , DiPentino Rosemarie , Lin Yayu , Wu Di , Wang Yizhou , Santiskulvong Chintda , Tang Jie , Lee Bora , Sun Tianyanxin , Chan Jessica L , Wang Erica T , Jefferies Caroline , Lawrenson Kate , Zhu Yazhen , Afshar Yalda , Tseng Hsian-Rong , Williams John , Pisarska Margareta D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes related to placental function vary based on fetal sex, which may be due to sexually dimorphic epigenetic regulation of RNA expression. We identified sexually dimorphic miRNA expression throughout gestation in human placentae. Next-generation sequencing identified miRNA expression profiles in first and third trimester uncomplicated pregnancies using tissue obtained at chorionic villous sampling (n = 113) and parturition (n = 47). Sequencing analysis identified 986 expressed mature miRNAs from female and male placentae at first and third trimester (baseMean&gt;10). Of these, 11 sexually dimorphic (FDR &lt; 0.05) miRNAs were identified in the first and 4 in the third trimester, all upregulated in females, including miR-361-5p, significant in both trimesters. Sex-specific analyses across gestation identified 677 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs at FDR &lt; 0.05 and baseMean&gt;10, with 508 DE miRNAs in common between female-specific and male-specific analysis (269 upregulated in first trimester, 239 upregulated in third trimester). Of those, miR-4483 had the highest fold changes across gestation. There were 62.5% more female exclusive differences with fold change&gt;2 across gestation than male exclusive (52 miRNAs vs 32 miRNAs), indicating miRNA expression across human gestation is sexually dimorphic. Pathway enrichment analysis identified significant pathways that were differentially regulated in first and third trimester as well as across gestation. This work provides the normative sex dimorphic miRNA atlas in first and third trimester, as well as the sex-independent and sex-specific placenta miRNA atlas across gestation, which may be used to identify biomarkers of placental function and direct functional studies investigating placental sex differences.
Expression levels of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and colitogenic cytokines are inversely correlated with the activation of interferon regulatory factor 4
Authors: Masaki Sho , Watanabe Tomohiro , Arai Yasuyuki , Sekai Ikue , Hara Akane , Kurimoto Masayuki , Otsuka Yasuo , Masuta Yasuhiro , Yoshikawa Tomoe , Takada Ryutaro , Kamata Ken , Minaga Kosuke , Yamashita Kouhei , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins 1 (cIAP1) and 2 (cIAP2) are involved in signaling pathways mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Excessive activation of TLRs and TNF-α underlies the immunopathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the roles played by cIAP1 and cIAP2 in the development of CD and UC remain poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to clarify the molecular link between cIAP1/cIAP2 and colonic inflammation. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) treated with siRNAs specific for cIAP1 or cIAP2 exhibited reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine responses upon stimulation with TLR ligands. Expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in human DCs was suppressed in the presence of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). This effect was associated with inhibition of cIAP1 and cIAP2 polyubiquitination. To verify these in vitro findings, we created mice overexpressing IRF4 in DCs and showed that these mice were resistant to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis as compared with wild-type mice; these effects were accompanied by reduced expression levels of cIAP1 and cIAP2. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node cells upon stimulation with TLR ligands was reduced in mice with DC-specific IRF4 overexpression as compared with that in wild-type mice. Finally, in clinical samples of the colonic mucosa from patients with CD, there was a negative relationship between the percentage of IRF4+ DCs and percentages of cIAP1+ or cIAP2+ lamina propria mononuclear cells. These data suggest that the colitogenic roles of cIAP1 and cIAP2 are negatively regulated by IRF4.
Extracellular vesicles containing PD-L1 contribute to CD8+ T-cell immune suppression and predict poor outcomes in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dou Xiaoyan , Hua Yan , Chen Zhaowu , Chao Fengmei , Li Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProgrammed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is expressed on the surface of tumor cells and binds to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) on the surface of T cells, leading to cancer immune evasion via inhibition of T-cell function. One of the characteristics of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is its ineffective anti-tumor immune response and highly immunosuppressive status in the tumor microenvironment. SCLC cells have been shown to generate extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may play an important role in tumor progression. We thus hypothesized that SCLC EVs may be important mediators of immunosuppression and that PD-L1 could play a role. Herein, we showed that PD-L1 was expressed on the surface of SCLC-derived EVs, with the potential to directly bind to PD1. Experimentally, we further showed that EVs secreted by SCLC cells can inhibit CD8+ T-cell activation and cytokine production in vitro in response to T-cell receptor stimulation. Importantly, an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody significantly reversed the EV-mediated inhibition of CD8+ T-cell activation. Furthermore, we performed a retrospective study of patients with SCLC to determine the prognostic value of PD-L1 harvested from plasm circulating EVs. The results showed that EVs containing PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor and significantly correlated with progression-free survival. Together, these results indicate that EVs containing PD-L1 can be served as a diagnostic biomarker for predicting the effectiveness of therapy, as well as a new strategy to enhance T-cell-mediated immunotherapy against SCLC cancers.
Comment on the Announcement of the Top Ten Intellectual Property Cases of 2020 in China
Authors: Lu Tian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since 2009, the Supreme People’s Court of China (SPC) has announced the Top Ten Intellectual Property Cases (TTIPCs) of the previous year in China every April on the occasion of World Intellectual Property Day. The annual TTIPCs reveal the ten cases that the SPC considers most worth emphasising among the huge number of intellectual property cases heard across China each year. Moreover, by incorporating a ‘Typical Significance’ section of each case into the announcement, the SPC explicitly points out the aspects of the cases that require particular attention for different audiences, including courts at all levels and other interested parties. For this reason, the annual TTIPCs announcement is a clear, regular and valuable signal for the yearly observation of the SPC and the intellectual property undertakings in China. Following the recently released official announcement of the 2020 TTIPCs, this Comment interprets the ten cases in terms of characteristics, significance, functions and interactions with the social context. The author aims to spark further analysis of the ten cases without prejudice to their textual value.†
Genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) growing on indigenous Māori land
Authors: Koot Emily , Arnst Elise , Taane Melissa , Goldsmith Kelsey , Thrimawithana Amali , Reihana Kiri , González-Martínez Santiago C , Goldsmith Victor , Houliston Gary , Chagné David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forst et G. Forst, known as mānuka by Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa (New Zealand), is a culturally and economically significant shrub species, native to New Zealand and Australia. Chemical, morphological and phylogenetic studies have indicated geographical variation of mānuka across its range in New Zealand, and genetic differentiation between New Zealand and Australia. We used pooled whole genome re-sequencing of 76 L. scoparium and outgroup populations from New Zealand and Australia to compile a dataset totalling ~2.5 million SNPs. We explored the genetic structure and relatedness of L. scoparium across New Zealand, and between populations in New Zealand and Australia, as well as the complex demographic history of this species. Our population genomic investigation suggests there are five geographically distinct mānuka gene pools within New Zealand, with evidence of gene flow occurring between these pools. Demographic modelling suggests three of these gene pools have undergone expansion events, whilst the evolutionary histories of the remaining two have been subjected to contractions. Furthermore, mānuka populations in New Zealand are genetically distinct from populations in Australia, with coalescent modelling suggesting these two clades diverged ~9–12 million years ago. We discuss the evolutionary history of this species and the benefits of using pool-seq for such studies. Our research will support the management and conservation of mānuka by landowners, particularly Māori, and the development of a provenance story for the branding of mānuka based products.
TheChrysanthemum lavandulifoliumgenome and the molecular mechanism underlying diverse capitulum types
Authors: Wen Xiaohui , Li Junzhuo , Wang Lili , Lu Chenfei , Gao Qiang , Xu Peng , Pu Ya , Zhang Qiuling , Hong Yan , Hong Luo , Huang He , Xin Huaigen , Wu Xiaoyun , Kang Dongru , Gao Kang , Li Yajun , Ma Chaofeng , Li Xuming , Zheng Hongkun , Wang Zicheng , Jiao Yuannian , Zhang Liangsheng , Dai Silan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCultivated chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) is a beloved ornamental crop due to the diverse capitula types among varieties, but the molecular mechanism of capitulum development remains unclear. Here, we report a 2.60 Gb chromosome-scale reference genome of C. lavandulifolium, a wild Chrysanthemum species found in China, Korea and Japan. The evolutionary analysis of the genome revealed that only recent tandem duplications occurred in the C. lavandulifolium genome after the shared whole genome triplication (WGT) in Asteraceae. Based on the transcriptomic profiling of six important developmental stages of the radiate capitulum in C. lavandulifolium, we found genes in the MADS-box, TCP, NAC and LOB gene families that were involved in disc and ray floret primordia differentiation. Notably, NAM and LOB30 homologs were specifically expressed in the radiate capitulum, suggesting their pivotal roles in the genetic network of disc and ray floret primordia differentiation in chrysanthemum. The present study not only provides a high-quality reference genome of chrysanthemum but also provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the diverse capitulum types in chrysanthemum.
Valuations and the Hopf Monoid of Generalized Permutahedra
Authors: Ardila Federico , Sanchez Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to show that valuation theory and Hopf theory are compatible on the class of generalized permutahedra. We prove that the Hopf structure $\textbf {GP}^+$ on these polyhedra descends, modulo the inclusion-exclusion relations, to an indicator Hopf monoid $\mathbb {I}(\textbf {GP}^+)$ of generalized permutahedra that is isomorphic to the Hopf monoid of weighted ordered set partitions. This quotient Hopf monoid $\mathbb {I}(\textbf {GP}^+)$ is cofree. It is the terminal object in the category of Hopf monoids with polynomial characters; this partially explains the ubiquity of generalized permutahedra in the theory of Hopf monoids. This Hopf theoretic framework offers a simple, unified explanation for many new and old valuations on generalized permutahedra and their subfamilies. Examples include, for matroids: the Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson cycles, Eur’s volume polynomial, the Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomial, the motivic zeta function, and the Derksen–Fink invariant; for posets: the order polynomial, Poincaré polynomial, and poset Tutte polynomial; for generalized permutahedra: the universal Tutte character and the corresponding class in the Chow ring of the permutahedral variety. We obtain several algebraic and combinatorial corollaries; for example, the existence of the valuative character group of $\textbf {GP}^+$ and the indecomposability of a nestohedron into smaller nestohedra.
Chirality Effects on Repellent Properties of 4-Alkoxycoumarins Against Asian Tiger Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Ramiharimanana Fenia Diane , Andrianjafy Mbolatiana Tovo , Ramarosandratana Niry Hasinandrianina , Andrianarijaona Toavina Elodie , Rambala Rakotomena Ny Aina Harivony , Metay Estelle , Duclos Marie-Christine , Cinquin Valentin , Mavingui Patrick , Vestalys Ramanandraibe Voahangy , Lemaire Marc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The use of semiochemicals as repellents and attractants has been proposed to complement insecticides used for the control of vector mosquito populations. In several studies, the optical purities of the molecules tested have been described as having little or no effect on repellent activity. However, these observations seem difficult to explain because of the chirality effect of molecules on the olfactory system of insects and humans. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of chirality on the repellent properties of 4-alcoxycoumarins against Aedes albopictus Skuse, mosquito vector of arboviruses. We report here that the racemic (R/S)-4-sec-butoxycoumarin had the highest repellent effect (Repellent Index = 49.9%) followed by (R) enantiomer (Repellent Index = 24.2%) for the dose of 5 mg/mL. Contrary, no significant repellent activity was recorded for S-(+)-4-sec-butoxycoumarin. This experiment demonstrates the close relationship between the molecules’ optical purities and the behavioral response of mosquitoes.
Soldiership, Christianity, and the Crimean War: The Reception of Catherine Marsh’s Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars
Authors: Spanou Petros 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent scholarship has done much to illuminate the cultural significance of Catherine Marsh’s popular evangelical biography of Hedley Vicars, a British officer killed during the Crimean War (1853–1856). However, scholars have not systematically examined the ways in which Marsh’s hagiographical portrait of this officer – who, in the eyes of many contemporaries, was the epitome of the ‘Christian soldier’ – was drawn into religious debates following its publication in December 1855. A crucial part of its reception history thus remains incomplete. Building on secondary literature which has recently opened new avenues for the fruitful investigation of the interface between religion and war in Victorian culture, and employing hitherto untapped sources, this article advances fresh perspectives on the place of Vicars’s ‘Christian soldiership’ in wartime religious thought. The article situates Marsh’s Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars within the context of debates on the lawfulness of war for Christians in general, and on the justice of the Crimean War in particular, before tracing the deployment of the religious and heroic themes of the Memorials by pro-war clergy against peace advocates. The article then explores the peace movement’s critiques of Marsh’s Memorials which sought to undercut the idea of the ‘Christian soldier’ and to demolish the argument that Vicars’s martial valour and fervent piety affirmed the compatibility of war, soldiering, and Christianity. The result is an account which demonstrates the centrality of religious debate to contemporary understandings of a war which helped to define the Victorian era.
Risk of adrenal insufficiency in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica versus patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kasahara Akiko , Kida Takashi , Hirano Aiko , Omura Satoshi , Sofue Hideaki , Sakashita Aki , Sagawa Tomoya , Asano Mai , Fukui Michiaki , Wada Makoto , Kohno Masataka , Kawahito Yutaka 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine whether patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are more susceptible to glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency, one of the barriers to glucocorticoid tapering strategies, compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
This cross-sectional study included PMR and RA patients who underwent adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) tests to assess adrenal function. The eligibility criteria were as follows: previous use of prednisolone (PSL) ≥ 5 mg/day, use of PSL for six consecutive months before ACTH test, and current use of PSL at 5 mg/day or less. The association between disease type (PMR vs. RA) and insufficient adrenal response was assessed using logistic regression models.

Results
Twenty-six of 34 (76.5%) patients with PMR and 13 of 37 (35.1%) patients with RA had insufficient adrenal response. Compared to patients with RA, patients with PMR were more likely to have insufficient adrenal response, even after adjusting for age, sex, and PSL dose (adjusted odds ratio, 6.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–25.60).

Conclusion
Patients with PMR have a higher risk of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency than patients with RA. Assessing the adrenal function in patients with PMR will contribute to establishing a more appropriate glucocorticoid reduction strategy.
MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer and Chemoresistance
Authors: Pan Yue , Li Kun , Tao Xufeng , Li Ning , Huang Jing , Liu Jianzhou , Xiao Gary Guishan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading malignancies affecting human health, largely because of the development of resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy. There are many mechanisms that mediate the development of drug resistance, such as the transport of antineoplastic agents into cells, shifts in energy metabolism and environment, antineoplastic agent-induced DNA damage, and genetic mutations. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that are 20 to 24 nucleotides in length and serve several biological functions. They bind to the 3′-untranslated regions of target genes and induce target degradation or translational inhibition. MicroRNAs can regulate several target genes and mediate PDAC chemotherapy/radiotherapy resistance. The detection of novel microRNAs would not only reveal the molecular mechanisms of PDAC and resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy but also provide new approaches to PDAC therapy. MicroRNAs are thus potential therapeutic targets for PDAC and might be essential in uncovering new mechanisms of the disease.
Facility Type Affects Treatment Outcomes for Patients With Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms and Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Ahmad Maria , Maegawa Felipe B. , Ashouri Yazan , Le Emily , Mendoza Ladd Antonio , Elhanafi Sherif , Philipovskiy Alexander , Tyroch Alan H. , Konstantinidis Ioannis T. 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Academic centers report better outcomes for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We hypothesized that treatment outcomes for mucinous cysts differ according to institution type.

Methods
Using the National Cancer Data Base, we analyzed data on patients with mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

Results
Of 3278 identified patients, 2622 (80%) had IPMNs and 656 (20%) had MCNs. While most academic/research programs (ARCPs, 84.9%) treated more than 10 patients/year, this was true for only 59% of integrated network cancer programs, 37.3% of comprehensive community cancer programs, and 0% of community cancer programs (P < 0.001). Surgery was used more often in ARCPs and for smaller tumors. The ARCPs had higher rates of margin negative resections with retrieval of 15 or more nodes with the lowest 30- and 90-day mortality rates. The median overall survival was better in ARCPs (110.3 months) than comprehensive community cancer programs (75.1 mo), community cancer programs (75.1 mo), or integrated network cancer programs (100.8 mo, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Treatment of MCNs and IPMNs of the pancreas at academic centers is associated with a higher probability of pancreatectomy, disease identification in a noninvasive stage, and better overall survival. Centralization of care for mucinous pancreatic cysts will lead to improved outcomes.