bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myosin turnover controls actomyosin contractile instability
Authors: Thiyagarajan Sathish , Wang Shuyuan , Chew Ting Gang , Huang Junqi , Kumar Lokesh , Balasubramanian Mohan K. , O’Shaughnessy Ben 
Published: October 2022

Actomyosin contractile force produced by myosin II molecules that bind and pull actin filaments is harnessed for diverse functions, from cell division by the cytokinetic contractile ring to morphogenesis driven by supracellular actomyosin networks during development. However, actomyosin contractility is intrinsically unstable to self-reinforcing spatial variations that may destroy the actomyosin architecture if unopposed. How cells control this threat is not established, and while large myosin fluctuations and punctateness are widely reported, the full course of the instability in cells has not been observed. Here, we observed the instability run its full course in isolated cytokinetic contractile rings in cell ghosts where component turnover processes are absent. Unprotected by turnover, myosin II merged hierarchically into aggregates with increasing amounts of myosin and increasing separation, up to a maximum separation. Molecularly explicit simulations reproduced the hierarchical aggregation which precipitated tension loss and ring fracture and identified the maximum separation as the length of actin filaments mediating mechanical communication between aggregates. In the final simulated dead-end state, aggregates were morphologically quiescent, including asters with polarity-sorted actin, similar to the dead-end state observed in actomyosin systems in vitro. Our results suggest the myosin II turnover time controls actomyosin contractile instability in normal cells, long enough for aggregation to build robust aggregates but sufficiently short to intercept catastrophic hierarchical aggregation and fracture.
Interacting with an embodied interface
Authors: Lee Kwan Min , Lee Jae-gil , Sah Young June 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite their potential for facilitating interaction between a user and computer, an embodied agent and voice command have
not been examined enough for their matching effects. The current study proposes that an embodied agent and voice command generate positive
evaluative outcomes, particularly when they are accompanied by each other. To test this prediction, we conducted a 2 (visual output:
embodied agent vs. geometric figure) × 2 (input modality: voice command vs. remote controller)
between-subjects experiment (N = 52), and examined whether visual output and input modality jointly influence participants’
social attribution (i.e., anthropomorphism, animacy, likability, and perceived intelligence), social presence, and satisfaction. Results
show that voice command does facilitate users’ social attribution and social presence, but only when an embodied agent was presented. Also,
the effects of voice command on social presence and satisfaction were mediated by anthropomorphism and perceived intelligence respectively,
but only when the interface displayed an embodied agent. The present study evidences the holistic nature of human-computer interaction,
revealing the importance of matches in the input and output interface.
Discretization of parameter identification in PDEs using neural networks
Authors: Kaltenbacher Barbara , Nguyen Tram Thi Ngoc 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We consider the ill-posed inverse problem of identifying a nonlinearity in a time-dependent partial differential equation model. The nonlinearity is approximated by a neural network (NN), and needs to be determined alongside other unknown physical parameters and the unknown state. Hence, it is not possible to construct input–output data pairs to perform a supervised training process. Proposing an all-at-once approach, we bypass the need for training data and recover all the unknowns simultaneously. In the general case, the approximation via a NN can be realized as a discretization scheme, and the training with noisy data can be viewed as an ill-posed inverse problem. Therefore, we study discretization of regularization in terms of Tikhonov and projected Landweber methods for discretization of inverse problems, and prove convergence when the discretization error (network approximation error) and the noise level tend to zero.
Mitigating reverse emission in electroaerodynamic thrusters
Authors: Gomez-Vega Nicolas , Kambhampaty Jayaprakash D , Barrett Steven R H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electroaerodynamic (EAD) thrusters have the potential to become a quieter and solid-state alternative to propellers in unmanned aircraft. An EAD thruster produces ions from atmospheric air and accelerates them across an electric field between two electrodes: an emitter, where ions are produced; and a collector, where they are neutralized. As ions drift from the emitter to the collector, they collide with neutral air molecules and transfer momentum to them, resulting in an ionic wind and a thrust force. Reverse emission from the collector is a major non-ideal effect in EAD systems that can reduce the efficiency of EAD thrusters: it increases the power draw of the device and eventually leads to electrical breakdown and sparking. Here, we perform a parametric study with a wire-to-cylinder electrode geometry using positive and negative corona discharges as well as wire-to-wire dielectric barrier discharges as ion sources. We show that reverse ion emission is primarily caused by a gas discharge at the tips of the cylindrical collectors, which increases current without contributing to thrust and produces audible noise. We identify three ways to mitigate reverse emission: increasing the collector diameter, increasing the collector span with respect to the emitter span, and attaching hemispherical end caps to the collector. By mitigating reverse emission, we show that the power draw of an EAD thruster can be significantly reduced (by up to 64% in our particular configuration) while still delivering the same thrust.
Deformation measurement within lithium-ion battery using sparse-view computed tomography and digital image correlation
Authors: Wu Yapeng , Sun Liang , Zhang Xiangchun , Yang Min , Tan Dalong , Hai Chao , Liu Jing , Wang Juntao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electrode deformation can cause high local strain and serious capacity degradation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) during cycling. Risk reduction in many applications requires an understanding of the effects of the charging/discharging rate on the electrode structure during the battery life cycle. Cyclic charging/discharging experiments of wound 18 650 cylindrical LIBs were conducted at different charging/discharging rates (1C and 2C) to determine the effect of rate on electrode deformation. The charging/discharging capacity as well as battery voltage and time were analyzed during cycling. To acquire electrode deformation images and meet the requirements of computed tomography (CT) within 2 min during the charging/discharging process, sparse-view CT was performed at fixed cycle intervals. Subsequently, a sparse-view reconstruction network was proposed to generate a slice image. Finally, the electrode displacement and strain fields were calculated using the augmented Lagrangian digital image correlation algorithm. The causes of electrode deformation were analyzed and discussed from the perspective of molecular and macroscopic structure. Experimental results show that the structural similarity, peak signal-to-noise ratio and root mean square error in the reconstructed image of the axial section within the battery obtained via the proposed network were 0.9616, 38.7411 dB and 0.0108, respectively, which were better than the other methods of comparison. After 100 cycles, the capacity decay of the battery at 2C was 9.23-fold higher than that at 1C. After 100 cycles at 2C, the maximum displacement of the electrode reached 0.46 mm along the x-direction. The electrode structural deformation of the battery can be intuitively understood at different rates, which facilitates reasonable utilization and structural optimization of the battery.
A novel CNN ensemble framework for bearing surface defects classification based on transfer learning
Authors: Ma Jiajun , Liu Maolin , Hu Songyu , Fu Jianzhong , Chen Gui , Yang Aixi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bearing surface defect detection and classification methods based on machine vision have been widely used in bearing quality inspection due to their high-speed, high-precision, and non-contact advantages. However, traditional machine vision algorithms have low reusability and their development processes are often expensive and time consuming. Several deep learning-based bearing surface defect detection methods have been proposed. However, these deep learning models often require a large number of datasets, which is often difficult to achieve in the actual industry. Transfer learning provides a promising solution to the small sample difficulties associated with deep learning. However, the complexity of the illumination conditions and the huge differences between bearing dataset and ImageNet dataset make it impossible to use the current single model-based transfer learning for bearing defect detection. In this study, we propose a novel transitive transfer learning convolutional neural network (CNN) ensemble framework for classifying bearing surface defects. Only small-scale datasets are needed in this framework. A transfer path and transfer method selection strategy for transitive transfer learning is then proposed to train the deep learning models, which enhances the feature extraction ability of the CNN models on the basis of multiple illuminations. Ablation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed transitive transfer learning CNN ensemble framework has the accuracy rate of 97.51%. The average time for detecting each bearing is 155 ms, which can meet the requirements of industrial online detection.
Room-temperature nanojoining of silver nanowires by graphene oxide for highly conductive flexible transparent electrodes
Authors: Ding Su , Zhang Shucheng , Yin Tong , Zhang He , Wang Chenxi , Wang Yong , Li Qikun , Zhou Nan , Su Fengyu , Jiang Zhi , Tan Dan , Yang Rusen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes for touch panels, solar cells, and wearable electronics are in great demand in recent years, and the silver nanowire (AgNW) flexible transparent electrode (FTE) is among the top candidates due to its excellent light transmittance and flexibility and the highest conductivity of silver among all metals. However, the conductivity of an AgNWs network has long been limited by the large contact resistance. Here we show a room-temperature solution process to tackle the challenge by nanojoining AgNWs with two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO). The conductivity of the AgNWs network is improved 18 times due to the enhanced junctions between AgNWs by the coated GOs, and the AgNW-GO FTE exhibits a low sheet resistance of 23 Ohm sq−1 and 88% light transmittance. It is stable under high temperature and current and their flexibility is intact after 1000 cycles of bending. Measurements of a bifunctional electrochromic device shows the high performance of the AgNW-GO FTE as a FTE.
Synergistic effects of nano-structured WO3-Se heterojunction decorated by organic Nafion layer on improving photoelectrochemical performance
Authors: Zhao Zhefei , Zhu Mengkai , Luo Xingyu , Cheng Hongbo , Chen Hongsong , Xuan Weidong , Zheng Huajun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Exploration of high-performance photoanodes is considered as an essential challenge in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to the complex four-electron reaction in water oxidation. Herein, the nano-structured WO3-Se heterojunction decorated by organic Nafion layer is designed. The optimized WO3-Se200-0.05Nafion photoanode shows a remarkable photocurrent of 1.40 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is 2.5-fold higher than that of pure WO3 nanosheets (WO3 NS) photoelectrode. Remarkably, the photocurrent increments of WO3-Se200-0.05Nafion is larger than the increment sum of WO3-Se200 and WO3-0.05Nafion, which affirming the synergistic effect of Se nanospheres and Nafion layer. The improved PEC performances are attributed to the quick charge separation and transfer, the increased electric conductivity, and the excellent kinetics of oxygen evolution, which is derived from the strong interaction among WO3, Se and Nafion. Meanwhile, the better visible-light harvesting from Se nanospheres as photosensitizer and the induction of transparent Nafion as a passivation layer can explain this synergy. It hopes this heterostructure design with organic Nafion decoration can inspire to exploit outstanding performance photoanodes for PEC water splitting.
3D printing of flexible strain sensor based on MWCNTs/flexible resin composite
Authors: Bai Dezhi , Liu Fuxi , Xie Deqiao , Lv Fei , Shen Lida , Tian Zongjun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The flexible strain sensor is an indispensable part in flexible integrated electronic systems and an important intermediate in external mechanical signal acquisition. The 3D printing technology provides a fast and cheap way to manufacture flexible strain sensors. In this paper, a MWCNTs/flexible resin composite for photocuring 3D printing was prepared using mechanical mixing method. The composite has a low percolation threshold (1.2% ωt). Based on the composite material, a flexible strain sensor with high performance was fabricated using digital light processing technology. The sensor has a GF of 8.98 under strain conditions ranging between 0% and 40% and a high elongation at break (48%). The sensor presents mechanical hysteresis under cyclic loading. With the increase of the strain amplitude, the mechanical hysteresis becomes more obvious. At the same time, the resistance response signal of the sensor shows double peaks during the unloading process, which is caused by the competition of disconnection and reconstruction of conductive network in the composite material. The test results show that the sensor has different response signals to different types of loads. Finally, its practicability is verified by applying it to balloon pressure detection.
Room-temperature highly sensitive and selective NH3 gas sensor using vertically aligned WS2 nanosheets
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Saini Rajan , Gupta Govind , Late Dattatray J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Here, we report the room temperature (35 °C) NH3 gas sensor device made from WS2 nanosheets obtained via a facile and low-cost probe sonication method. The gas-sensing properties of devices made from these nanosheets were examined for various analytes such as ammonia, ethanol, methanol, formaldehyde, acetone, chloroform, and benzene. The fabricated gas sensor is selective towards NH3 and exhibits excellent sensitivity, faster response, and recovery time in comparison to previously reported values. The device can detect NH3 down to 5 ppm, much below the maximum allowed workspace NH3 level (20 ppm), and have a sensing response of the order of 112% with a response and recovery time of 54 s and 66 s, respectively. On the other hand, a sensor made from nanostructures has a bit longer recovery time than a device made from nanosheets. This was attributed to the fact that NH3 molecules adsorbed on the surface site and those trapped in between WS2 layers may have different adsorption energies . In the latter case, desorption becomes difficult and may give rise to slower recovery as noticed. Further, stiffened Raman modes upon exposure to NH3 reveal strong electron-phonon interaction between NH3 and the WS2 channel. The present work highlights the potential use of scaled two-dimensional nanosheets in sensing devices and particularly when used with inter-digitized electrodes, may offer enhanced performance.
Deep feature-domain matching for cardiac-related component separation from a chest electrical impedance tomography image series: proof-of-concept study
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Maokun , Liang Haiqing , Wang Juan , Yang Fan , Xu Shenheng , Abubakar Aria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives. The cardiac-related component in chest electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement is of potential value to pulmonary perfusion monitoring and cardiac function measurement. In a spontaneous breathing case, cardiac-related signals experience serious interference from ventilation-related signals. Traditional cardiac-related signal-separation methods are usually based on certain features of signals. To further improve the separation accuracy, more comprehensive features of the signals should be exploited. Approach. We propose an unsupervised deep-learning method called deep feature-domain matching (DFDM), which exploits the feature-domain similarity of the desired signals and the breath-holding signals. This method is characterized by two sub-steps. In the first step, a novel Siamese network is designed and trained to learn common features of breath-holding signals; in the second step, the Siamese network is used as a feature-matching constraint between the separated signals and the breath-holding signals. Main results. The method is first tested using synthetic data, and the results show satisfactory separation accuracy. The method is then tested using the data of three patients with pulmonary embolism, and the consistency between the separated images and the radionuclide perfusion scanning images is checked qualitatively. Significance. The method uses a lightweight convolutional neural network for fast network training and inference. It is a potential method for dynamic cardiac-related signal separation in clinical settings.
Two-color laser scattering for diagnostics of hydrogen plasma
Authors: Sobczuk Franciszek , Dzierżȩga Krzysztof , Zawadzki Witold , Pokrzywka Bartłomiej , Stambulchik Evgeny 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A two-color laser scattering (2CLS) method is proposed to measure electron and neutral densities, as well as electron and ion temperatures in hydrogen plasma. 2CLS uses two probe wavelengths to identify the Rayleigh scattering and Thomson scattering contributions coming from neutrals and electrons, respectively. Laser scattering signals were simulated for various conditions of a hydrogen plasma at thermodynamic equilibrium applying the available and calculated cross-sections for Rayleigh scattering by ground-sate and excited hydrogen atoms at probe wavelengths of 355 nm and 532 nm. The developed 2CLS method was eventually applied to study the laser-induced plasma in hydrogen at near atmospheric pressure. Temporally and spatially resolved electron and ion temperatures and densities of electrons and hydrogen atoms (ground-state and excited) were determined.
Dynamic features of the electron drift and electron properties in a HiPIMS discharge
Authors: Dubois Thibault , Tsikata Sedina , Minea Tiberiu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Information on the evolution of electron properties during high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) operation of planar magnetrons enables the study of fundamental physical processes. In this work, incoherent Thomson scattering is implemented for the non-invasive, spatiotemporally-resolved characterization of electron properties and drifts in the HiPIMS regime of a planar magnetron. In the ionization region of argon and helium plasmas, the azimuthal electron drifts are directly measured perpendicular to the magnetic field and are found to evolve according to a changing balance of E × B and diamagnetic electron drifts, while radial electron drifts, measured parallel to the magnetic field, can be attributed to plasma expansion/contraction and centrifugal forces. The evolutions of electron density and temperature in the afterglow plasma phase show the existence of two time scales for the variation of plasma properties. These characterizations provide detailed information on electron properties and dynamics in regions of the magnetic trap ordinarily inaccessible to invasive diagnostics.
Guiding effect of runaway electrons in atmospheric pressure nanosecond pulsed discharge: mode transition from diffuse discharge to streamer
Authors: Huang Bangdou , Zhang Cheng , Ren Chenhua , Shao Tao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the role of runaway electrons (RAEs) during the pulsed breakdown in the atmosphere is investigated. Nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD) is driven by high-voltage pulses between blade-to-plate electrodes (with the blade as the cathode). RAEs with an energy higher than 10 keV are selected by a titanium foil with a thickness of 1 μm and detected by a beam collector with a front of about 50 ps. The temporal-spatial evolution of the electric field over the NPD period is measured using electric field induced second harmonic method adopting a picosecond pulsed laser. It is verified that the current amplitude of RAEs decreases drastically with the voltage amplitude V
p and the peak electric field at the front of the ionization wave formed during the breakdown of NPD plays a key role in maintaining the runaway state of electrons. With single-shot discharge imaging, it is observed that the discharge is initially in a diffuse mode near the cathode, while it branches and transits into streamers, which can be either synchronously propagating multi streamers (with a high V
p) or certain dominant streamers (with a low V
p). Using particle-in-cell Monte-Carlo collision simulation, a similar mode transition of diffuse to streamer is observed with RAEs emitted from the cathode and it is illustrated that the flux of RAEs controls the pre-ionization degree and further dictates branching and non-uniformity of discharge, which qualitatively explains the experimental observation. It is proposed that an enhanced RAEs emission would produce a large volume diffuse discharge at atmospheric pressure.
A Possible 250 s X-Ray Quasi-periodicity in the Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2018cow
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Shu Xinwen , Chen Jin-Hong , Sun Luming , Shen Rong-Feng , Tao Lian , Chen Chun , Jiang Ning , Dou Liming , Qin Ying , Zhang Xue-Guang , Zhang Liang , Qu Jinlu , Wang Tinggui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) are a new population of extragalactic transients of unclear physical origin. A variety of mechanisms has been proposed including failed supernova explosion, shock interaction with a dense medium, young magnetar, accretion onto a compact object and stellar tidal disruption event, but none is conclusive. Here we report the discovery of a possible X-ray quasi-periodicity signal with a period of ∼250 s (at a significance level of 99.76%) in the brightest FBOT AT2018cow through the analysis of XMM-Newton/PN data. The signal is independently detected at the same frequency in the average power density spectrum from data taken from the Swift telescope, with observations covering from 6 to 37 days after the optical discovery, though the significance level is lower (94.26%). This suggests that the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) frequency may be stable over at least 1.1 × 104 cycles. Assuming the ∼250 s QPO to be a scaled-down analog of that typically seen in stellar mass black holes, a black hole mass of ∼103–105 solar masses could be inferred. The overall X-ray luminosity evolution could be modeled with a stellar tidal disruption by a black hole of ∼104 solar masses, providing a viable mechanism to produce AT2018cow. Our findings suggest that other bright FBOTs may also harbor intermediate-mass black holes.