bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sound of teaching music: Expert pianists’ performance modulations for novices
Authors: Tominaga Atsuko , Knoblich Günther , Sebanz Natalie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Experts modulate their performance of actions for teaching purposes, performing slower and exaggerated movements when demonstrating novel actions to novices. The present study asked whether such modulations are also used to teach techniques of artistic expression. One domain where subtle movement modulations are crucial for achieving artistic expression is music. We investigated how skilled pianists modulate their playing to demonstrate to students the techniques required for conveying piece-related musical expressions, compared to performing the piece without didactic intentions. Expressions in the piece concerned either articulation (i.e., legato and staccato) or dynamics (i.e., forte and piano). The pianists played either with the goal to perform the piece to an audience or with the goal to teach the respective techniques to novices. When intending to teach articulation, skilled pianists produced more exaggerated staccato. When intending to teach dynamics, they created a larger contrast between forte and piano at structurally important points. We found consistent results with a simple musical scale (Experiment 1) and a more naturalistic piece of music (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that action modulations are performed not only to attract learners’ attention but to highlight the most relevant aspects of the actions to be learnt.
Impact of Technology for Maternal and Child Health intervention on health services utilization and continuum of care in Northern Ghana: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Nuhu Abdul Ganiyu Kantamah , Dwomoh Duah , Amuasi Susan Ama , Dotse-Gborgbortsi Winfred , Kubio Chrysantus , Apraku Edward Anane , Timbire Jonas Kolong , Nonvignon Justice 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Maternal and child mortality are of public health concern. Most of these deaths occur in rural communities of developing countries. Technology for maternal and child health (T4MCH) is an intervention introduced to increase Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services utilization and continuum of care in some health facilities across Ghana. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of T4MCH intervention on MCH services utilization and continuum of care in the Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District in the Savannah Region of Ghana. A quasi-experimental study with a retrospective review of records of MCH services of women who attended antenatal services in some selected health centers in the Bole (comparison district) and Sawla-Tuna-Kalba (intervention district) of the Savannah region, Ghana. In total 469 records were reviewed, 263 in Bole and 206 in Sawla-Tuna-Kalba. A multivariable modified Poisson and logistic regression with augmented inverse-probability weighted regression adjustment based on propensity scores were used to quantify the impact of the intervention on service utilization and continuum of care. The implementation of T4MCH intervention increased antenatal care attendance, facility delivery, postnatal care and continuum of care by 18 percentage points (ppts) [95% CI: -17.0; 52.0], 14ppts [95% CI: 6.0%; 21.0%], 27ppts [95% CI: 15.0; 26.0] and 15.0ppts [95% CI: 8.0; 23.0] respectively compared to the control districts. The study showed that T4MCH intervention improved antenatal care, skilled delivery, postnatal services utilization, and continuum of care in health facilities in the intervention district. The intervention is recommended for a scale-up in other rural areas of Northern Ghana and the West-African sub-region.
Estimating the Population Mean Under Contaminated Normal Distribution Based on Deciles
Authors: Abu-Shawiesh Moustafa Omar Ahmed , Sinsomboonthong Juthaphorn , Saeed Nadia , Kibria Golam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Confidence intervals are important statistical methods used to estimate the location and dispersion parameters of the population. A new robust interval estimator, which is an adjustment of the Student-t confidence interval for estimating population mean based on the decile mean and standard deviation is consider in this research. The efficiency of this proposed interval estimator is evaluated using an extensive Monte-Carlo simulation study. The coverage probabilities and average widths of the proposed interval estimator are compared with some existing widely used interval estimators under normal and contaminated normal distributions. The simulation results show that the proposed interval estimator performs very well in terms of attaining high coverage probability and shorter average width. For illustration purposes, real-life data sets are analyzed which supported the findings obtained from the simulation study to some extent. In summary, our results confirmed that the type of estimator used to construct the confidence interval affects the performance of the interval estimator, and the proposed version of the interval estimator performs better than the other estimators evaluated herein. Consequently, we recommend the new robust conﬁdence interval for the practitioners to be used for estimating of the population mean when the contamination in the data of the distribution is present. The proposed confidence interval of the population mean can be easily calculated by using R program which is providing in this appendix.Mathematics Subject Classification 62F10; 62F35.
Minimum Effective Concentration of Ropivacaine For Ultrasound-Guided Adductor Canal + IPACK Block In Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Qiuru , Hu Jian , Cai Lijun , Bahete Aergen , Yang Jing , Kang Pengde 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the minimum effective concentration (MEC90, defined as effective in 90% of patients) of ropivacaine during the combined procedure of adductor canal block (ACB) and infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) block for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Methods: This double-blind, randomized dose-finding trial was based on a biased coin up-and-down sequential design, where the concentration of ropivacaine administered to a given patient depended on the previous patient’s response. Before surgery, the first patient received 20 ml of 0.2% ropivacaine for ACB and again for IPACK. If the block failed, the next subject received a 0.025% higher ropivacaine concentration; otherwise, the next subject received either a 0.025% smaller dose (probability of 0.11) or the same dose (probability of 0.89). Block success was defined as the patient did not suffer significant pain and did not receive rescue analgesia within 6 hours after surgery. MEC90 was estimated by isotonic regression, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by bootstrapping. Results: Based on analysis of 52 patients, the MEC90 was 0.247% (95% CI 0.227–0.271%), MEC95 was 0.260% (95% CI 0.244–0.282%) and MEC99 was 0.272% (95% CI 0.260–0.291%). In contrast, four of nine trials in a recent systematic review reported ropivacaine concentrations below 0.247%.Conclusions: Our small trial suggests that 0.247% ropivacaine in 20 ml respectively can provide successful ACB + IPACK block in 90% of patients. However, given that many published trials have used lower concentrations, our findings should be verified in larger studies. Trial registration: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx). The clinical trial registration number was ChiCTR2100048757 (Date of registration: July 16, 2021).
Mindfulness Training for Community-Based Psychotherapists: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Sucich James Thomas , Lehrer Jeremy , Breitbart Vicki , Julliard Kell N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:

While mindfulness training’s feasibility has been assessed in many health care settings, the feasibility of teaching mindfulness to psychotherapists of various orientations for both self- and patient-care has not been explored. The objectives of this feasibility assessment were to determine the degree to which clinic psychotherapists were willing to complete a skills based mindfulness training program; evaluate the acceptability of integrating mindfulness interventions into an urban community mental health clinic; examine the training’s influence on both personal mindfulness practice and integration into patient care; and explore the impact of a support group following the training. Adaptations to the training based on participant feedback can inform a larger scale trial that compares our protocol with another intervention in the treatment of a psychological disorder or condition identified by the participants as having responded favorably to the program.
Methods:

Data on six aspects of feasibility were gathered through quantitative surveys, semi-structured qualitative interviews, and group observation and feedback, analyzed using grounded theory.
Results:

The following factors were identified as contributing to the training’s success: Significant interest on the part of clinic staff to receive the training; diversity of the teaching staff, buy-in from clinic administration, provision of meditation scripts, role-play exercises, the variety of practices taught, and case presentations. Therapists indicated that the training helped them create a personal mindfulness practice, and several proceeded to integrate mindfulness into client sessions. A bi-weekly support group organized after the training encompassed group practice, discussion, case presentations, and information about trauma-sensitive mindfulness. Clinicians identified the following challenges to integrating mindfulness into sessions: lack of scripts in client languages other than English, the unacceptability of mindfulness to some clients’ religious beliefs, the lack of appropriateness for clients facing ongoing psychosocial crises, the lack of interest on the part of some clients, and the time constraints posed by brief therapy sessions.
Conclusions:

These findings indicate that such training may be feasible in community mental health settings given support from leadership and the presence of qualified facilitators within the organization.
Trial Registration:
Not applicable.
Laser-driven multi-MeV high-purity proton acceleration via anisotropic ambipolar expansion of micron-scale hydrogen clusters
Authors: Jinno Satoshi , Kanasaki Masato , Asai Takafumi , Matsui Ryutaro , Pirozhkov Alexander , Ogura Koichi , Sagisaka Akito , Miyasaka Yasuhiro , Nakanii Nobuhiko , Kando Masaki , Kitagawa Nobuko , Morishima Kunihiro , Kodaira Satoshi , Kishimoto Yasuaki , Yamauchi Tomoya , Uesaka Mitsuru , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Fukuda Yuji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multi-MeV high-purity proton acceleration by using a hydrogen cluster target irradiated with repetitive, relativistic intensity laser pulses has been demonstrated. Statistical analysis of hundreds of data sets highlights the existence of markedly high energy protons produced from the laser-irradiated clusters with micron-scale diameters. The spatial distribution of the accelerated protons is found to be anisotropic, where the higher energy protons are preferentially accelerated along the laser propagation direction due to the relativistic effect. These features are supported by three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, which show that directional, higher energy protons are generated via the anisotropic ambipolar expansion of the micron-scale clusters. The number of protons accelerating along the laser propagation direction is found to be as high as 1.6±0.3 × 109 /MeV/sr/shot with an energy of 2.8±1.9 MeV, indicating that laser-driven proton acceleration using the micron-scale hydrogen clusters is promising as a compact, repetitive, multi-MeV high-purity proton source for various applications.
Decision boundaries and convex hulls in the feature space that deep learning functions learn from images
Authors: Yousefzadeh Roozbeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The success of deep neural networks in image classification and learning can be partly attributed to the features they extract from images. It is often speculated about the properties of a low-dimensional manifold that models extract and learn from images. However, there is not sufficient understanding about this low-dimensional space based on theory or empirical evidence. For image classification models, their last hidden layer is the one where images of each class is separated from other classes and it also has the least number of features. Here, we develop methods and formulations to study that feature space for any model. We study the partitioning of the domain in feature space, identify regions guaranteed to have certain classifications, and investigate its implications for the pixel space. We observe that geometric arrangements of decision boundaries in feature space is significantly different compared to pixel space, providing insights about adversarial vulnerabilities, image morphing, extrapolation, ambiguity in classification, and the mathematical understanding of image classification models.
Calibration and sensitivity analysis of a novel water flow and pollution model for future city planning: Future Urban Stormwater Simulation (FUSS)
Authors: Prodanovic V. , Jamali B. , Kuller M. , Wang Y. , Bach P. M. , Coleman R. A. , Metzeling L. , McCarthy D. T. , Shi B. , Deletic A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlanning for future urban development and water infrastructure is uncertain due to changing human activities and climate. To quantify these changes, we need adaptable and fast models that can reliably explore scenarios without requiring extensive data and inputs. While such models have been recently considered for urban development, they are lacking for stormwater pollution assessment. This work proposes a novel Future Urban Stormwater Simulation (FUSS) model, utilizing a previously developed urban planning algorithm (UrbanBEATS) to dynamically assess pollution changes in urban catchments. By using minimal input data and adding stochastic point-source pollution to the build-up/wash-off approach, this study highlights calibration and sensitivity analysis of flow and pollution modules, across the range of common stormwater pollutants. The results highlight excellent fit to measured values in a continuous rainfall simulation for the flow model, with one significant calibration parameter. The pollution model was more variable, with TSS, TP and Pb showing high model efficiency, while TN was predicted well only across event-based assessment. The work further explores the framework for the model application in future pollution assessment, and points to the future work aiming to developing land-use dependent model parameter sets, to achieve flexibility for model application across varied urban catchments.
An influent generator for WRRF design and operation based on a recurrent neural network with multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Feiyi , Vanrolleghem Peter A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, modelling, automation and control are widely used for Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRF) upgrading and optimization. Influent generator (IG) models are used to provide relevant input time series for dynamic WRRF simulations used in these applications. Current IG models found in literature are calibrated on the basis of a single performance criterion, such as the mean percentage error or the root mean square error. This results in the IG being adequate on average but with a lack of representativeness of, for instance, the observed temporal variability of the dataset. However, adequately capturing influent variability may be important for certain types of WRRF optimization, e.g., reaction to peak loads, control system performance evaluation, etc. Therefore, in this study, a data-driven IG model is developed based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network and is optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm for both mean percentage error and variability. Hence, the influent generator model is able to generate a time series with a probability distribution that better represents reality, thus giving a better influent description for WRRF design and operation. To further increase the variability of the generated time series and in this way approximate the true variability better, the model is extended with a random walk process.
Exosomes and their Cargo as a New Avenue for Brain and Treatment of CNS-Related Diseases
Authors: Benameur Tarek , Panaro Maria Antonietta , Porro Chiara 
Published: February 2022

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which belong to nanoscale vesicles, including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, are now considered a new important tool for intercellular neuronal communication in the Central Nervous System (CNS) under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are shed into blood, peripheral body fluids and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a large variety of cells.EVs can act locally on neighboring and distant cells. EVs represent the fingerprints of the originating cells and can carry a variety of molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including protein, lipids, DNA and microRNAs (miRNAs).The most studied EVs are the exosomes because they are ubiquitous and have the capacity to transfer cell-derived components and bioactive molecules to target cells. In this minireview, we focused on cell-cell communication in CNS mediated by exosomes and their important cargo as an innovative way to treat or follow up with CNS diseases.
Formulation and Antibacterial Potential of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Primasari Ameta , Apriyanti Eti , Ambardhani Nurul , Satari Mieke Hemiawati , Herdiyati Yetty , Kurnia Dikdik 
Published: February 2022

Background:Dental diseases are generally caused by oral bacteria such asEnterococcus faecalis,Streptococcus mutans, andStreptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria have resistance to synthetic drugs; thus, it is required to discover new antibacterial agents. Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans) has been empirically used as a medicinal plant to treat various conditions, including those caused by pathogenic bacteria.Objective:The present study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Sarang Semut extracts againstE. faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguinis.Materials and Methods:Sarang Semut was extracted with several solvents to yieldn-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts. Each extract and combination were adjusted for assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin and used as positive controls.Results:Then-hexane extract showed activity with inhibition zone values of 7.15 and 10.45 ppm againstE. faecalisandS. mutansat 1%, respectively. All combination extracts could inhibit the growth ofE. faecalisandS. sanguinis. The synergistic effects resulting from the combination of extract-fosfomycin were also presented in this evaluation, with the strongest shown by water-fosfomycin againstS. mutans, with inhibition zones of 28.5 mm at 1%.Conclusion:Sarang Semut extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria. These results offer alternative natural sources for the new antibacterial drug candidate.
Pulse Oximetry and Three-Dimensional Analysis in Evaluating Immature Permanent Teeth Apexogenesis: Two Case Reports
Authors: Vu Tien Thuy , Nguyen Minh Truong , Sangvanich Polkit , Thunyakitpisal Pasutha 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Apexogenesis is a vital pulp therapy that aims to preserve pulp vitality and maintain root formation in not-fully-formed permanent teeth with exposed pulp from trauma or caries. To achieve success, reliable diagnostic tools are required to assess the pulp health and tooth development stage, design an appropriate treatment plan and evaluation, and follow-up. Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for monitoring pulp oxygen saturation, which corresponds to pulp vitality.

Case Presentation:
This case report describes the successful apexogenesis of two pulp exposure-immature permanent teeth treated with acemannan, an implantable natural biomaterial extracted from aloe vera. Based on pulp oxygen saturation level, clinical evaluation, and radiographic examination, the teeth were asymptomatic with preserved pulp vitality and continued root development.

Conclusion:
Therefore, as an auxiliary tool, pulse oximetry could be useful for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups of apexogenesis therapy.
Anatomical Evaluation of Mandibular Premolars in Saudi Population: An In Vivo Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Mashyakhy Mohammed , Jabali Ahmad , AbuMelha Abdulaziz , Almasrahi Mahmoud Yahia , Alshahrani Mubarak Ali , Alamir Abdulwahab , Alkahtany Mazen , Bhandi Shilpa 
Published: February 2022

Background:Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a three-dimensional (3D) image of the anatomical structures in the maxillofacial region. CBCT can provide images with sufficient spatial resolution and low radiation dose in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Saudi sub-population by showing the importance of cone-beam computed tomography radiographic analysis in detecting varieties of the root canal system.Methods:A total of 776 mandibular first and second premolars were analyzed. Teeth that have completed root development and apical closure were included. To accurately evaluate the external and internal morphologies of the teeth, three sections (i.e., the serial axial, coronal, and sagittal sections) were acquired for each tooth. Data are presented in terms of frequencies and percentages. The chi-squared test was used to determine the differences between two sides (right and left). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Among the 397 mandibular first premolars, 99.5% had one root, 69.5% had one canal, and 29.5% had two canals. In terms of root canal configuration, 69.5%, 6.3%, 22.2%, and 0.3% of the teeth had Vertucci type I, type III, type V, and type VII canal configurations, respectively. Similarly, among the mandibular second premolars, 100% had one root, 96.8% had one canal, and 2.1% of teeth had two canals. Most of the samples (96.8%) had Vertucci type I canal configuration, and 1.6% and 0.8% of the teeth had Vertucci type III and type V canal configurations, respectively. In both groups of teeth, no statistically significant differences were observed between the right and left sides (P> 0.05).Conclusion:Mandibular premolars could have challenged internal morphology, and CBCT small field of view is advised in case periapical x-ray is inconclusive.