bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of fentanyl use on initiation and discontinuation of methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone among people with prescription‐type opioid use disorder: secondary analysis of a Canadian treatment trial
Authors: Socias M. Eugenia , Wood Evan , Le Foll Bernard , Lim Ron , Choi Jin Cheol , Mok Wing Yin , Bruneau Julie , Rehm Jürgen , Wild T. Cameron , Bozinoff Nikki , Hassan Ahmed , Jutras‐Aswad Didier ,   for the OPTIMA Research Group within the Canadian Research Initiative in Substance Misuse
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsFentanyl is primarily responsible for the current phase of the overdose epidemic in North America. Despite the benefits of treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), there are limited data on the association between fentanyl, MOUD type and treatment engagement. The objectives of this analysis were to measure the impact of baseline fentanyl exposure on initiation and discontinuation of MOUD among individuals with prescription‐type opioid use disorder (POUD).Design, setting and participantsSecondary analysis of a Canadian multi‐site randomized pragmatic trial conducted between 2017 and 2020. Of the 269 randomized participants, 65.4% were male, 67.3% self‐identified as white and 55.4% had a positive fentanyl urine drug test (UDT) at baseline. Fentanyl‐exposed participants were more likely to be younger, to self‐identify as non‐white, to be unemployed or homeless and to be currently using stimulants than non‐fentanyl‐exposed participants.InterventionsFlexible take‐home dosing buprenorphine/naloxone or supervised methadone models of care for 24 weeks.MeasurementsOutcomes were (1) MOUD initiation and (2) time to (a) assigned and (b) overall MOUD discontinuation. Independent variables were baseline fentanyl UDT (predictor) and assigned MOUD (effect modifier).FindingsOverall, 209 participants (77.7%) initiated MOUD. In unadjusted analyses, fentanyl exposure was associated with reduced likelihood of treatment initiation [odds ratio (OR) = 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.08–0.36] and shorter median times in assigned [20 versus 168 days, hazard ratio (HR) = 3.61, 95% CI = 2.52–5.17] and any MOUD (27 versus 168 days, HR = 3.32, 95% CI = 2.30–4.80). The negative effects were no longer statistically significant in adjusted models, and no interaction between fentanyl and MOUD was observed for any of the outcomes (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone may be appropriate treatment options for people with prescription‐type opioid use disorder regardless of fentanyl exposure. Other characteristics of fentanyl‐exposed individuals appear to be driving the association with poorer treatment outcomes.
Seasonality of parasitism of phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) in the leafcutter ant Atta sexdens Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an Atlantic Forest area
Authors: Pereira Renata Cunha , Bailez Omar , Vieira‐Júnior José Olívio Lopes , Silva Gerson Adriano , Viana‐Bailez Ana Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There is a lack of information regarding the variations in parasitism rates of parasitoid phorids for more than one year, whether they follow a pattern of distribution, and whether climatic factors affect the parasitism rates. We observed the parasitism rates caused by parasitoids of Atta sexdens and analysed whether there is seasonality in the occurrence of parasitism and studied the effects of climatic factors on parasitism rates.
Atta sexdens foragers were collected during 24 months from an area in the Atlantic Forest and the parasitism rate was calculated. Path analysis was used to identify and quantify the direct and indirect effects between parasitism rates and climatic factors.
The mean parasitism rate was 5.8%, with Apocephalus attophilus accounting for 4.2%, Eibesfeldtphora spp. 1.4% and Myrmosicarius grandicornis 0.2%. Parasitism of A. attophilus and Eibesfeldtphora spp. increased as temperature decreased. The effect of relative humidity was significant and negative on Eibesfeldtphora spp. and M. grandicornis, whereas the effect of rainfall was significant and positive on M. grandicornis.
We conclude that there is a seasonal pattern in the occurrence of parasitism by A. attophilus and that temperature is the main climatic variable associated with the fluctuation of parasitism, where the peaks occur in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest rates were in the summer.
Resequencing the Yaroslavl cattle genomes reveals signatures of selection and a rare haplotype on BTA28 likely to be related to breed phenotypes
Authors: Ruvinskiy Daniil , Igoshin Alexander , Yurchenko Andrey , Ilina Anna V. , Larkin Denis M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe genomes of local livestock could shed light on their genetic history, mechanisms of adaptations to environments and unique genetics. Herein we look into the genetics and adaptations of the Russian native dairy Yaroslavl cattle breed using 22 resequenced individuals and comparing them with two related breeds (Russian Kholmogory and Holstein), and to the taurine set of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project (Run 9). HapFLK analysis with Kholmogory and Holstein breeds (using Yakut cattle as outgroup) resulted in 22 regions under selection (q‐value < 0.01) on 11 chromosomes assigned to Yaroslavl cattle, including a strong signature of selection in the region of the KIT gene on BTA6. The FST (fixation index) with the 1000 Bull Genomes Dataset showed 48 non‐overlapping top (0.1%) FST regions of which three overlapped HapFLK regions. We identified 1982 highly differentiated (FST > 0.40) missense mutations in the Yaroslavl genomes. These genes were enriched in the epidermal growth factor and calcium‐binding functional categories. The top FST intervals contained eight genes with allele frequencies quite different between the Yaroslavl and Kholmogory breeds and the rest of the 1000 Bull Genomes Dataset, including KAT6B, which had a nearly Yaroslavl breed‐specific deleterious missense mutation with the highest FST in our dataset (0.99). This gene is a part of a long haplotype containing other genes from FST and hapFLK analyses and with a negative association with weight and carcass traits according to the genotyping of 30 phenotyped Yaroslavl cattle individuals. Our work provides the industry with candidate genetic variants to be focused on in breed improvement efforts.
Novel predictive risk factor for erectile dysfunction: Serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein
Authors: Liu Guodong , Zhang Yuyang , Zhang Wei , Wu Xu , Jiang Hui , Huang Houbao , Zhang Xiansheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundC‐reactive protein (CRP), as a marker of inflammation, may be closely related to erectile dysfunction (ED), however, there is no meta‐analysis exists for it.ObjectivesWe aimed to verify the relationship between CRP and erectile dysfunction and to explore the changes of CRP levels in ED patients after first‐line treatment.Materials and methodsWe searched databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and MEDLINE to identify studies up to January 1, 2022. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the included studies by STATA software and calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 12 studies were included and the analysis showed that CRP levels were higher significantly in patients with erectile dysfunction than the healthy controls (p < 0.001) and decreased by a mean of 0.38 mg/L after first‐line PDE5i drug treatment (p = 0.001).Discussion and conclusionThis novel meta‐analysis suggests that CRP is statistically significantly associated with erectile dysfunction and may be a predictor or risk factor for the assessment of ED. However, further original studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate this.
Vapour fast freezing with low semen volumes can highly improve motility and viability or DNA quality of cryopreserved human spermatozoa
Authors: Arciero Valentina , Ammar Oumaima , Maggi Mario , Vignozzi Linda , Muratori Monica , Dabizzi Sara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo challenge a vapour fast freezing (VFF) cryopreservation procedure (conventional VFF) with several vitrification protocols and VFF conducted with small semen volumes (10 μl, microVFF), in order to implement a procedure for sperm banking in subjects with small sperm number.Materials and methodsConventional VFF was conducted with test yolk buffer (TYB) as freezing medium and 500 μl straws as carriers. MicroVFF was conducted with TYB and using tips or cell sleepers as carriers. Vitrification was performed with TYB or SpermFreeze as freezing medium and with microspheres and tips as carriers. The effect of different procedures on progressive and total motility, viability, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa (sDF) was determined. Fresh and thawed samples, the latter after adequate washing/centrifuging, were evaluated. In some experiments, motility and viability recovery was determined in thawed samples, omitting the washing/centrifuging step.ResultsAll the cryopreservation procedures blunted sperm motility and viability and induced increase of oxidative stress and sDF. However, VFF better preserved sperm motility and viability and less induced oxidative stress and sDF than vitrification, independently from the freezing medium and the carriers used in the latter. MicroVFF with cell sleepers resulted in a percentage increase of 57.58 ± 63.63%, 48.82 ± 74.96% and 24.55 ± 39.20% of, respectively, progressive and total motility and viability compared to the conventional VFF. Further, when tips were used, microVFF resulted in a percentage decrease of 15.77 ± 20.77% of sDF with respect to conventional VFF. Finally, omission of washing/centrifuging in post thawed samples, resulted in a much lower negative effect on motility and viability.Discussion and conclusionVFF, and in particular microVFF, better prevents sperm cryodamage than vitrification. Washing/centrifuging step after sample thawing seems to be responsible for a relevant fraction of damage to sperm motility and viability. Overall, our results are promising for developing a novel strategy of sperm banking in subjects with small sperm number, where low semen volumes are mandatory.
Optimizing ECG lead selection for detection of prolongation of ventricular repolarization as measured by the Tpeak‐end interval
Authors: Ruedisueli Isabelle , Ma Joyce , Nguyen Randy , Lakhani Karishma , Gornbein Jeffrey , Middlekauff Holly R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Tpeak‐end(Tp‐e) has not been compared in all 12 ECG leads in healthy adults to determine if the Tp‐e varies across leads. If there is variation, it remains uncertain, which lead(s) are preferred for recording in order to capture the maximal Tp‐e value.ObjectiveThe purpose of the current study was to determine the optimal leads, if any, to capture the maximal Tp‐e interval in healthy young adults.MethodsIn 88 healthy adults (ages 21–38 years), including derivation (n = 21), validation (n = 20), and smoker/vaper (n = 47) cohorts, the Tp‐e was measured using commercial computer software (LabChart Pro 8 with ECG module, ADInstruments) in all 12 leads at rest and following a provocative maneuver, abrupt standing. Tp‐e was compared to determine which lead(s) most frequently captured the maximal Tp‐e interval.ResultsIn the rest and abrupt standing positions, the Tp‐e was not uniform among the 12 leads; the maximal Tp‐e was most frequently captured in the precordial leads. At rest, grouping leads V2–V4 resulted in detection of the maximum Tp‐e in 85.7% of participants (CI 70.7, 99.9%) versus all other leads (p < .001). Upon abrupt standing, grouping leads V2‐V6 together, resulted in detection of the maximum Tp‐e 85.0% of participants (CI 69.4, 99.9% versus all other leads; p < .001). These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort, and extended to the smoking/vaping cohort.ConclusionIf only a subset of ECG leads will be recorded or analyzed for the Tp‐e interval, selection of the precordial leads is preferred since these leads are most likely to capture the maximal Tp‐e value.
HEROES V‐A: HEmoRrhagic cOmplications in veno‐arterial Extracorporeal life Support: Development and internal validation of a multivariable prediction model in adult patients
Authors: Willers Anne , Swol Justyna , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Buscher Hergen , McQuilten Zoe , ten Cate Hugo , Rycus Peter T. , McKellar Stephen , Lorusso Roberto , Tonna Joseph E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors for bleeding complications during extracorporeal life support (ECLS) indicated for cardiac support remain poorly investigated. The aim is to develop and internally validate a prediction model to calculate the risk for bleeding complications in adult patients receiving veno‐arterial (V‐A) ECLS.MethodsData of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry of adult patients undergoing V‐A ECLS between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed. The primary outcome was bleeding complications recorded during V‐A ECLS. Multivariable logistic regression with backward stepwise elimination was used to develop the prediction model. Performance of the model was tested by discriminative ability and calibration with receiver operator characteristic, area under the curve, and visual inspection of the calibration plot. Internal validation was performed to detect overfitting of the model.ResultsIn total 28 767 adult patients were included, of which 29.0% developed bleeding complications. Sex, body mass index, surgical cannulation, pre‐ECLS respiratory and hemodynamic variables, pre‐ECLS support and interventions, and different type of diagnosis were included in the prediction model. This prediction model showed a predictive capability with an AUC of 0.66.ConclusionThe model is based on the largest cohort of V‐A ECLS patients and is the best available predictive model for bleeding events given the predictors that are available in V‐A ECLS compared to current literature. The model can help in identifying patients at high risk for bleeding complications and will help in developing further research and decision‐making in terms of anticoagulation management. External validation is warranted to extrapolate this model in the clinical setting.
Experimental assessment of plan‐view and profile‐view gross‐edge curvature on stone flake slicing efficiency
Authors: Khaksar Somaye , Desai Nisarg , Eren Metin I. , Tostevin Gilbert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeparating two or more aspects of an object via cutting was likely an important factor in the origin and evolution of flaked stone technology. In recent years experiments have demonstrated that several stone tool attributes can influence different kinds of cutting behaviour: slicing, cleaving, scraping, sawing, drilling, piercing and abrading. Here we experimentally assessed the role of stone flake plan‐ and profile‐view gross‐edge curvature in a controlled slicing task. We also assessed the role of edge length. A total of 21 participants, using 252 stone flakes with distinct gross‐edge curvatures and edge lengths, were asked to cut through a standardized substrate, and their efficiency in the task was measured over time. Flakes with longer edge lengths increased the efficiency of the cutting task, but increasing either plan‐ or profile‐view edge curvature decreased the efficiency of the cutting task. These results have implications for the emergence of particular tool forms or reduction sequences throughout the Pleistocene, and may in part explain why certain forms were favoured by Paleolithic people, leading to their convergent evolution or widespread transmission.
Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonist treatment causes a reduction in weight gain in ovariectomised high fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Boer Geke Aline , Hunt Jenna Elizabeth , Gabe Maria Buur Nordskov , Windeløv Johanne Agerlin , Sparre‐Ulrich Alexander Hovard , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Rosenkilde Mette Marie 
Published: June 2022

Background and purposeThe incretin hormone, gastric inhibitory peptide/glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secreted by the enteroendocrine K‐cells in the proximal intestine, may regulate lipid metabolism and adiposity, but its exact role in these processes is unclear.Experimental approachWe characterized in vitro and in vivo antagonistic properties of a novel GIP analogue, mGIPAnt‐1. We further assessed the in vivo pharmacokinetic profile of this antagonist, as well as its ability to affect high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced body weight gain in ovariectomised mice during an 8‐week treatment period.Key resultsmGIPAnt‐1 showed competitive antagonistic properties to the GIP receptor in vitro as it inhibited GIP‐induced cAMP accumulation in COS‐7 cells. Furthermore, mGIPAnt‐1 was capable of inhibiting GIP‐induced glucoregulatory and insulinotropic effects in vivo and has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with a half‐life of 7.2 h in C57Bl6 female mice. Finally, sub‐chronic treatment with mGIPAnt‐1 in ovariectomised HFD mice resulted in a reduction of body weight and fat mass.Conclusion and ImplicationsmGIPAnt‐1 successfully inhibited acute GIP‐induced effects in vitro and in vivo and sub‐chronically induces resistance to HFD‐induced weight gain in ovariectomised mice. Our results support the development of GIP antagonists for the therapy of obesity.
Promising anticonvulsant and/or analgesic compounds among 5‐chloro‐2‐ or 5‐chloro‐4‐methyl derivatives of xanthone coupled to aminoalkanol moieties—Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation
Authors: Mazur Gabriela , Pańczyk‐Straszak Katarzyna , Rapacz Anna , Kiszela Jan , Smolik Magdalena , Gawlik Maciej , Walczak Maria , Czekajewska Joanna , Poloczek Celina , Karczewska Elżbieta , Żesławska Ewa , Nitek Wojciech , Niedbał Anna , Leśniak Joanna , Ciapala Katarzyna , Pawlik Katarzyna , Mika Joanna , Waszkielewicz Anna M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of 10 aminoalkanol derivatives of 5‐chloro‐2‐ or 5‐chloro‐4‐methylxanthone was synthetized and evaluated for anticonvulsant properties (MES test, mice, intraperitoneal) and compared with neurotoxicity rotarod test (NT, mice, i.p.). The best results both in terms of anticonvulsant activity and protective index value were obtained for 3: 5‐chloro‐2‐([4‐hydroxypiperidin‐1‐yl]methyl)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one hydrochloride. Compounds: 1–3, 7 and 10 revealed ED50 values in MES test: 42.78, 31.64, 25.76, 46.19 and 52.50 mg/kg b.w., respectively. 3 showed 70% and 72% of inhibition control specific binding of sigma‐1 (σ1) and sigma‐2 (σ2) receptor, respectively. 3 exhibited also antinociceptive activity at dose 2 mg/kg b.w. after chronic constriction injury in mice. 1, 3, 7 and 10 were evaluated on gastrointestinal flora and proved safe. In genotoxicity test (UMU‐Chromotest) compounds 1, 7 and 10 proved safe at dose 150–300 μg/ml. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed rapid absorption of all studied molecules from the digestive tract (tmax = 5–30 min). The bioavailability of the compounds ranged from 6.6% (1) to 16% (10). All studied compounds penetrate the blood–brain barrier with brain to plasma ratios varied from 4.15 (3) to 7.6 (compound 7), after i.v. administration, and from 1 (7) to 5.72 (3) after i.g. administration.
Fast Neural Representations for Direct Volume Rendering
Authors: Weiss S. , Hermüller P. , Westermann R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the potential of neural scene representations to effectively compress 3D scalar fields at high reconstruction quality, the computational complexity of the training and data reconstruction step using scene representation networks limits their use in practical applications. In this paper, we analyse whether scene representation networks can be modified to reduce these limitations and whether such architectures can also be used for temporal reconstruction tasks. We propose a novel design of scene representation networks using GPU tensor cores to integrate the reconstruction seamlessly into on‐chip raytracing kernels, and compare the quality and performance of this network to alternative network‐ and non‐network‐based compression schemes. The results indicate competitive quality of our design at high compression rates, and significantly faster decoding times and lower memory consumption during data reconstruction. We investigate how density gradients can be computed using the network and show an extension where density, gradient and curvature are predicted jointly. As an alternative to spatial super‐resolution approaches for time‐varying fields, we propose a solution that builds upon latent‐space interpolation to enable random access reconstruction at arbitrary granularity. We summarize our findings in the form of an assessment of the strengths and limitations of scene representation networks for compression domain volume rendering, and outline future research directions. Source code: https://github.com/shamanDevel/fV‐SRN
Profilometric, volumetric, and esthetic analysis of guided bone regeneration with L‐shaped collagenated bone substitute and connective tissue graft in the maxillary esthetic zone: A case series with 1‐year observational study
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hong , Jung Eun‐Hee , Jeong Seong‐Nyum 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate 1‐year stability and maintenance of peri‐implant soft and hard tissues after guided bone regeneration (GBR) with L‐shaped collagenated bone substitute and subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) in the maxillary anterior region using profilometric, volumetric, and esthetic analyses.MethodsFourteen peri‐implant defects were grafted with L‐shaped collagenated bone substitute, and 5 months after implant placement with GBR, reentry surgery in combination with CTG was performed in all participants. CBCT scans and STL files were acquired at baseline (after implant surgery, T1), reentry surgery (T2), and 1‐year follow‐up (T3). The profilometric and volumetric changes of the peri‐implant tissues were measured, and the pink esthetic score (PES) was assessed at T3.ResultsOne year after GBR and CTG at the buccal aspect of the maxillary esthetic zone, the mean thickness of the hard tissue (HT) decreased (HT0: −0.87 ± 0.67 mm, HT1: −0.74 ± 0.75 mm, HT2: −0.92 ± 0.48 mm, 45‐HT: −0.87 ± 0.73 mm) and the corresponding thickness of the soft tissue (ST) increased (ST0: 0.96 ± 1.06 mm, ST1: 0.85 ± 0.95 mm, ST2: 0.38 ± 0.82 mm, 45‐ST: 0.12 ± 0.62 mm), and as a result, there was no statistically significant difference in the total tissue thickness between T1 and T3 (p < 0.05). The mean volumetric changes of the peri‐implant tissues increased after 1‐year of implant surgery (T1–T2: 1.52 ± 0.83 mm, T2–T3: −0.88 ± 1.04 mm, T1–T3: 0.64 ± 0.90 mm), and a statistically significant difference was shown in all compared time periods (p < 0.05). The mean PES score was 8.07 ± 1.54 at T3 (range, 6–10).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this 1‐year follow‐up study, GBR with an L‐shaped collagenated bone substitute and subepithelial CTG in the maxillary esthetic zone was beneficial for stable and maintainable peri‐implant hard and soft tissues.