bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and socialization effects of studying abroad
Authors: Nissen Adam T. , Bleidorn Wiebke , Ericson Samantha , Hopwood Christopher J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesStudying abroad is often considered a life‐changing experience. However, research on studying abroad has not always disentangled selection from socialization effects, leading to uncertainty about the actual impact of this experience. In this 4‐wave longitudinal study, we examined both selection and socialization effects of a 4‐week intensive study abroad program on 17 psychosocial variables related to motivation, academic achievement, well‐being, and self‐reflection.MethodWe used propensity score matching and multiple‐group growth curve models to examine selection and socialization effects in a sample of sojourners (n = 145) and non‐sojourners (n = 291).ResultsWe found selection effects for several variables related to students’ motivation and well‐being. Contrary to our predictions, we found no evidence for socialization effects of studying abroad on any of the outcome variables.ConclusionsStudents who are relatively more intrinsically motivated and emotionally healthy appear to be more likely to study abroad. However, studying abroad for one month does not appear to lead to meaningful and lasting psychological change, on average. Our results highlight the need to examine both selection and socialization effects of study abroad programs with longitudinal data and well‐matched comparison groups.
Self‐esteem development during the transition to work: A 14‐year longitudinal study from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Filosa Lorenzo , Alessandri Guido , Robins Richard W. , Pastorelli Concetta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies examined the trajectory of self‐esteem during critical developmental periods and over the life‐span. However, little is known about how self‐esteem changes during the school‐to‐work transition.MethodWe examined the effect of beginning a job for the first time on self‐esteem development, using data from 368 adolescents assessed up to six times across a 14‐year time span. Specifically, we analyzed the pattern of self‐esteem change during the transition to work and whether the self‐esteem trajectory varied as a function of several school‐ and job‐related variables, while controlling for important covariates.ResultsResults revealed linear increases in self‐esteem across the 14‐year study period, with partial support that the rate of increase slowed slightly after the school‐to‐work transition. We found significantly greater variability in the slopes after the transition, supporting the idea that people differ in the way they cope with the developmental tasks associated with important life transitions. We also found evidence for an interaction between college graduation and educational expectations, such that the positive effect of college graduation on self‐esteem change was stronger for those who graduated with low (vs. high) educational expectations.ConclusionSchool‐to‐work transition has an effect on self‐esteem development. Developmental processes of findings were discussed.
Pediatric Rome IV diagnosis agreement is greater than agreement on diagnostic testing
Authors: Kaul Isha , Staggs Vincent S. , Bagherian Amber , Ali Amna , Shulman Robert J. , Colombo Jennifer M. , Schurman Jennifer V. , Chumpitazi Bruno P. , Friesen Craig A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric Rome IV criteria are used to diagnose childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This study of pediatric gastroenterology physicians measured their agreement in (1) Making a pediatric Rome IV FGID diagnosis; and (2) Diagnostic testing for patients with FGIDs.MethodsPediatric gastroenterologists and pediatric gastroenterology fellows at two medical centers completed a survey containing clinical FGID vignettes. For each vignette, raters identified the most likely Rome IV diagnosis(es) and selected which diagnostic test(s) (if any) they typically would obtain. The survey was re‐administered within 3 months. Inter‐rater and intra‐rater weighted percent agreement was determined. Linear mixed modeling identified sources of variability in diagnostic testing.Key ResultsThirty‐four raters completed the initial survey of whom thirty‐one (91%) completed the repeat survey. Overall inter‐rater agreement on Rome IV diagnoses was 68% for initial and repeat surveys whereas intra‐rater agreement was 76%. In contrast, overall inter‐rater agreement on diagnostic testing was <30% for both initial and repeat surveys and intra‐rater agreement was only 57%. Between‐physician differences accounted for 43% of the variability in the number of tests selected. Rater identified use of Rome criteria in clinical practice was associated with 1.1 fewer diagnostic tests on average (95% CI 0.2–2.0, p = 0.015). Higher intra‐rater agreement was noted for diagnostic testing in faculty when compared to fellows (p = 0.009).Conclusions & InferencesIn a multicenter evaluation among pediatric gastroenterology physicians, pediatric Rome IV diagnostic agreement was higher than that reported for previous Rome versions, and higher than agreement on diagnostic testing.
Tamoxifen administration alters gastrointestinal motility in mice
Authors: Bhave Sukhada , Ho Wing Lam N. , Cheng Katarina , Omer Meredith , Bousquet Nicole , Guyer Richard A. , Hotta Ryo , Goldstein Allan M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTamoxifen is widely used for Cre‐estrogen receptor‐mediated genomic recombination in transgenic mouse models to mark cells for lineage tracing and to study gene function. However, recent studies have highlighted off‐target effects of tamoxifen in various tissues and cell types when used for induction of Cre recombination. Despite the widespread use of these transgenic Cre models to assess gastrointestinal (GI) function, the effect of tamoxifen exposure on GI motility has not been described.MethodsWe examined the effects of tamoxifen on GI motility by measuring total GI transit, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, and colonic contractility in wild‐type adult mice.Key ResultsWe observed a significant delay in total GI transit in tamoxifen‐treated mice, with unaltered gastric emptying, accelerated small intestinal transit, and abnormal colonic motility.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of considering GI motility alterations induced by tamoxifen when designing protocols that utilize tamoxifen as a Cre‐driver for studying GI function.
Chemical phenotype as important and dynamic niche dimension of plants
Authors: Müller Caroline , Junker Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNiche theory considering the traits of species and individuals provides a powerful tool to integrate ecology and evolution of species. In plant ecology, morphological and physiological traits are commonly considered as niche dimensions, whereas phytochemical traits are mostly neglected in this context despite their pivotal functions in plant responses to their environment and in mediating interactions. The diversity of plant phytochemicals can thus mediate three key processes: niche choice, conformance and construction. Here, we integrate frameworks from niche theory with chemical ecology and argue that plants use their individual‐specific diversity in phytochemicals (chemodiversity) for different niche realization processes. Our concept has important implications for ecosystem processes and stability and increases the predictive ability of chemical ecology.
Xylella fastidiosa’s relationships: the bacterium, the host plants, and the plant microbiome
Authors: Landa Blanca B. , Saponari Maria , Feitosa‐Junior Oseias R. , Giampetruzzi Annalisa , Vieira Filipe J. D. , Mor Eliana , Robatzek Silke 
Published: March 2022

SummaryXylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of important crop diseases and is transmitted by xylem‐sap‐feeding insects. The bacterium colonizes xylem vessels and can persist with a commensal or pathogen lifestyle in more than 500 plant species. In the past decade, reports of X. fastidiosa across the globe have dramatically increased its known occurrence. This raises important questions: How does X. fastidiosa interact with the different host plants? How does the bacterium interact with the plant immune system? How does it influence the host’s microbiome? We discuss recent strain genetic typing and plant transcriptome and microbiome analyses, which have advanced our understanding of factors that are important for X. fastidiosa plant infection.
Is plastidic glutamine synthetase essential for C3 plants? A tale of photorespiratory mutants, ammonium tolerance and conifers
Authors: Marino Daniel , Cañas Rafael A. , Betti Marco 
Published: March 2022

SummaryAgriculture faces the considerable challenge of having to adapt to a progressively changing climate (including the increase in CO2 levels and temperatures); environmental impact must be reduced while at the same time crop yields need to be maintained or increased to ensure food security. Under this scenario, increasing plants’ nitrogen (N) use efficiency and minimizing the energy losses associated with photorespiration are two goals of crop breeding that are long sought after. The plastidic glutamine synthetase (GS2) enzyme stands at the crossroads of N assimilation and photorespiration, and is therefore a key candidate for the improvement of crop performance. The GS2 enzyme has long been considered essential for angiosperm survival under photorespiratory conditions. Surprisingly, in Arabidopsis GS2 is not essential for plant survival, and its absence confers tolerance towards ammonium stress, which is in conflict with the idea that NH4+ accumulation is one of the main causes of ammonium stress. Altogether, it appears that the ‘textbook’ view of this enzyme must be revisited, especially regarding the degree to which it is essential for plant growth under photorespiratory conditions, and the role of NH4+ assimilation during ammonium stress. In this article we open the debate on whether more or less GS2 is a desirable trait for plant productivity.
Dam stories: Using narrative analysis to understand the debate over water security and the Waimea Community Dam
Authors: Lanari Nora , Overton John 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article we investigate why environmental debates swing in one direction or another by analysing the discursive construction of water security surrounding the Waimea Community Dam in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using narrative policy analysis based on interview and documentary data, we show how an initial dominant rural water security story was reshaped into a new win‐win‐win metanarrative by absorbing concerns relating to environmental and urban water security. Opposition to the dam, in contrast, failed to gain traction because it did not sufficiently engage with the question of water security, thus increasing uncertainty and paradoxically strengthening the new metanarrative.
Effect of end‐tidal carbon dioxide level on the optic nerve sheath diameter measured by transorbital ultrasonography in anesthetized pediatric patients: A randomized trial
Authors: Jang Young‐Eun , Nam SeungPyo , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Kim Eun‐Hee , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Jung Jae Ho , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Jin‐Tae 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative hypercapnia and hypocapnia are common during pediatric anesthesia, and the cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure may be affected by the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide. Transorbital ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter is a simple and non‐invasive method for intracranial pressure assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) on optic nerve sheath diameter in a healthy anesthetized pediatric population.MethodsPediatric patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation in the supine position were enrolled and divided into four subgroups; age <2 years, 2–6 years, 6–12 years, and 12–18 years. Mechanical ventilation was adjusted to achieve target ETCO2 levels in a randomized sequence (40–35–45–40 mmHg or 40–45–35–40 mmHg). Three minutes after reaching each target ETCO2 level, transorbital ultrasound images of optic nerve sheath diameter were obtained and analyzed. The primary outcome was the optic nerve sheath diameter at each ETCO2 level.ResultsSixty‐four pediatric patients were enrolled and analyzed. At ETCO2 = 40 mmHg, the optic nerve sheath diameter was 5.6 ± 0.6 mm, 6.4 ± 0.5 mm, 6.8 ± 0.6 mm, and 7.1 ± 0.5 mm in children aged <2 years, 2–6 years, 6–12 years, and 12–18 years, respectively. The overall percent decreases in the optic nerve sheath diameter was −5.6 ± −4.3% (95% CI; −6.7 to −4.5%) at ETCO2 = 35 mmHg while the overall percent increases of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was 4.9 ± 5.1% (95% CI; 3.6 to 6.1%) at ETCO2 = 45 mmHg compared with those at ETCO2 = 40 mmHg. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that there were weak to moderate correlation between ETCO2 and the optic nerve sheath diameter (correlation coefficient [p‐value] = .355 [.004], .318 [.014], .373 [<.001], and .420 [<.001] in children aged <2 years, 2–6 years, 6–12 years, and 12–18 years, respectively).ConclusionsThe optic nerve sheath diameter measured by transorbital ultrasound showed rapid reactivity from ETCO2 35 to 45 mmHg in healthy pediatric patients under inhalation general anesthesia.
Development of a classifier for gambling disorder based on functional connections between brain regions
Authors: Takeuchi Hideaki , Yahata Noriaki , Lisi Giuseppe , Tsurumi Kosuke , Yoshihara Yujiro , Kawada Ryosaku , Murao Takuro , Mizuta Hiroto , Yokomoto Tatsunori , Miyagi Takashi , Nakagami Yukako , Yoshioka Toshinori , Yoshimoto Junichiro , Kawato Mitsuo , Murai Toshiya , Morimoto Jun , Takahashi Hidehiko 
Published: March 2022

AimRecently, a machine‐learning (ML) technique has been used to create generalizable classifiers for psychiatric disorders based on information of functional connections (FCs) between brain regions at resting state. These classifiers predict diagnostic labels by a weighted linear sum (WLS) of the correlation values of a small number of selected FCs. We aimed to develop a generalizable classifier for gambling disorder (GD) from the information of FCs using the ML technique and examine relationships between WLS and clinical data.MethodsAs a training dataset for ML, data from 71 GD patients and 90 healthy controls (HCs) were obtained from two magnetic resonance imaging sites. We used an ML algorithm consisting of a cascade of an L1‐regularized sparse canonical correlation analysis and a sparse logistic regression to create the classifier. The generalizability of the classifier was verified using an external dataset. This external dataset consisted of six GD patients and 14 HCs, and was collected at a different site from the sites of the training dataset. Correlations between WLS and South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and duration of illness were examined.ResultsThe classifier distinguished between the GD patients and HCs with high accuracy in leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (area under curve (AUC = 0.89)). This performance was confirmed in the external dataset (AUC = 0.81). There was no correlation between WLS, and SOGS and duration of illness in the GD patients.ConclusionWe developed a generalizable classifier for GD based on information of functional connections between brain regions at resting state.
Talking to a (Segregation) Wall: Intergroup Contact and Attitudes Toward Normalization Among Palestinians From the Occupied Territories
Authors: Albzour Mai , Bady Zacharia , Elcheroth Guy , Penic Sandra , Reimer Nils , Green Eva G. T. 
Published: March 2022

This article examines how Palestinians' intergroup contact experiences relate to their attitudes towards interactions with Israelis (i.e., normalization). We draw on four recent advances in intergroup contact literature. First, recent research indicates that positive contact can impede disadvantaged groups' motivation to challenge inequalities. Second, increased endorsement of normalization mediates this sedative effect of positive contact on motivation to resist in the West Bank. Third, negative contact has been related to increased motivation for social change. Fourth, institutions and societal norms shape the meaning of intergroup contact and its effect on intergroup relations. We hypothesize that negative experiences at checkpoints can act as reminders of institutionalized inequalities and thus attenuate sedative effects. Furthermore, we explore the contextual boundary conditions of such reminder effects. Analyses of cross‐sectional survey conducted among a representative sample (N = 1,000) in the West Bank including Jerusalem showed that (1) positive intergroup contact related to normalization endorsement (sedative effect), (2) negative intergroup contact related to decreased normalization endorsement (mobilizing effect), and (3) negative contact experiences (at checkpoints) canceled out the effect of positive contact (reminder effect), but only in Jerusalem. Results suggest that the impacts of intergroup contact need to be interpreted in light of institutionalized forms of group inequality and segregation.
Nanoparticles as potential hallmarks of drought stress tolerance in plants
Authors: Kandhol Nidhi , Jain Mukesh , Tripathi Durgesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlants are inevitably exposed to drought stress limiting their growth and causing yield loss, thus inciting food crises across the world. Nanoparticles (NPs) are regarded as effective and promising tools for modulation of crop yield to overcome current and future constraints in sustainable agricultural production by upgrading the plant tolerance mechanism under abiotic stress conditions, including drought. NPs exhibit alleviating effects against drought stress via induction of physiological and biochemical readjustments accompanied by modulation of gene expression involved in drought response/tolerance. NPs ameliorate drought‐induced reduction in carbon assimilation via increasing the photosynthetic activity. The improved root growth, upregulation of aquaporins, modification of intracellular water metabolism, accumulation of compatible solutes and ion homeostasis are the major mechanisms used by NPs to mitigate the osmotic stress caused by water deficit. NPs reduce water loss from leaves through stomatal closure due to fostered abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and ameliorate oxidative stress damage by reducing reactive oxygen species and activating the antioxidant defense system. This review provides an evolutionary foundation regarding drought stress in plant life and summarizes the interactions between NPs and plants under drought. The subsequent impact of NPs on plant development and productivity and recent nanobiotechnological approaches to improve drought stress resilience are presented. On the whole, this review highlights the significance of NPs in dealing with the global problem of water scarcity faced by farmers.
Plasma NfL is associated with mild cognitive decline in patients with diabetes
Authors: Marutani Noriko , Akamine Shoshin , Kanayama Daisuke , Gotoh Shiho , Yanagida Kanta , Maruyama Riki , Mori Kohji , Miyamoto Tesshin , Adachi Hiroyoshi , Sakagami Yukako , Yoshiyama Kenji , Hotta Maki , Nagase Aki , Kozawa Junji , Maeda Norikazu , Otsuki Michio , Matsuoka Takaaki , Iwahashi Hiromi , Shimomura Iichiro , Murayama Norihito , Watanabe Hiroshi , Ikeda Manabu , Mizuta Ichiro , Kudo Takashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with diabetes are at a higher risk for cognitive decline. Thus, biomarkers that can provide early and simple detection of cognitive decline are required. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a cytoskeletal protein that constitutes neural axons. Plasma NfL levels are elevated when neurodegeneration occurs. Here, we investigated whether plasma NfL levels were associated with cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodThis study included 183 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited Osaka University Hospital. All participants were tested for cognitive function using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT). NfL levels were analysed in the plasma and the relationship between NfL and cognitive function was examined.ResultsLower RBMT‐standardized profile scores (SPS) or MMSE scores correlated with higher plasma NfL levels (one‐way analysis of variance: MMSE, P = 0.0237; RBMT‐SPS, P = 0.0001). Furthermore, plasma NfL levels (β = −0.34, P = 0.0005) and age (β = −0.19, P = 0.016) were significantly associated with the RBMT score after multivariable regression adjustment.ConclusionsPlasma NfL levels were correlated with mild cognitive decline which is detected by the RBMT but not the MMSE in patients with type 2 diabetes. This suggests that plasma NfL levels may provide a valuable clinical tool for identifying mild cognitive decline in patients with diabetes.
Bureaucratic Representation, Accountability, and Democracy: A Qualitative Study of Indigenous Bureaucrats in Australia and Canada
Authors: Althaus Catherine , O'Faircheallaigh Ciaran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing a qualitative study of Indigenous public servants in Canada and Australia, this article helps open the “black box” of bureaucratic representation. Findings dispel any idea that active representation is unproblematic for minority bureaucrats themselves. In fact, it exacts a high price with respect to working in isolation, confronting racism, facing formidable obstacles to pursue, or challenge policy processes and outcomes aligned with the interests of the communities from which they come and ultimately leading many to exit the bureaucracy or forego career opportunities. Despite this, our findings show that Indigenous bureaucrats bring about policy change that would not otherwise occur, and mechanisms of accountability are at work, within government and between bureaucrats and the communities from which they are drawn. Indigenous bureaucratic leadership is valuable in bridging understanding between elected officials and communities and navigating respectfully the intersections of culture and power across the policy making process to the benefit of all citizens, to “country” and across generations. These findings imply that new inclusive models of representative bureaucracy are both necessary and desirable to make bureaucracy serve multicultural societies and constructively confront environmental crises in the modern era.Evidence for Practice

Concepts that equate bureaucratic “partiality” with favoritism, oversimplify the way in which public servants consider, and manage tensions between minority interests they are assumed to “represent” and the wider public interest and democratic accountability.
Participants in our research are acutely aware of the need to balance two “lines of accountability” (to government and to their communities), and when the tension between the two cannot be managed, they beat a tactical retreat and wait for a more favorable opportunity, or, if this seems unlikely, they leave the public service.
Indigenous public servants promote the democratic project by actively involving otherwise disenfranchised members of society, including the perspectives of time and the land itself, in the policy making process. They make government and its processes understandable and help (re)build trust.