bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Border Higher Education: The Expansion of International Branch Campuses
Authors: Paniagua Jordi , Villó Cristina , Escrivà-Beltran Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe international expansion of higher education has intensified in recent decades with a rapidly growing number of international branch campuses appearing on the scene. This study investigates the economic, cultural and institutional, and educational determinants of transnational higher education on both the extensive margin (number of international branch campuses), and the intensive margin (the total number of educational programmes offered). Using the gravity equation, we applied fixed-effect empirical methods to a panel dataset that combined and extended the raw data from campuses and master’s programmes in 33 source countries and 76 host countries in the period from 1948 to 2016. Estimates reveal that although cultural, economic and institutional ties foster cross-border educational relationships, their effect differs significantly from one margin to another. The study highlights the relevance of globalisation, research activities, and aggregate demand in international higher education.
Coronal Density Measurements Using Giant Radio Pulses of the Crab Pulsar at the Cycle 24/25 Minimum
Authors: Tokumaru Munetoshi , Maeda Ryuya , Tawara Kaito , Takefuji Kazuhiro , Terasawa Toshio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate measurements of the coronal plasma density profile, which varies with the solar cycle (SC), are necessary to elucidate the solar wind acceleration. In this study, the Crab pulsar is observed using the 327 MHz radio telescope at the Toyokawa Observatory of the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research of Nagoya University to investigate the coronal plasma density profile for radial distances between 5 and 60 solar radii at the SC24/25 minimum. We derive the dispersion measures (DMs) that represent the integration of plasma density along the line of sight (LOS) for giant radio pulses of the Crab pulsar. We find that the observed DMs increased above the interstellar background level when the LOS for the Crab pulsar approached the Sun in mid-June 2018 and 2019. This increase in DM is attributed to the effect of the coronal plasma. We determine the plasma density distribution by fitting a spherically symmetric model to the observed DM data. The flat radial slopes of the best-fit model are consistent with pulsar observations in the low-activity periods of past SCs, and they are attributed to the effect of the coronal hole over the south pole of the Sun. Our results show that the density level near the Sun is similar to those observed in the low activity periods of past SCs, implying recovery of the coronal plasma density from a significant reduction at the SC23/24 minimum.
The Brothers Karamazov and the theology of suffering
Authors: Namli Elena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article offers a reflection upon The Brothers Karamazov, interpreted as a theological and philosophical contribution to the debate over humanity’s practical relationship to suffering and vulnerability. The relationship is practical insofar as the questions with which Dostoevsky struggles all relate to human agency: How should we live in the continual presence of suffering? The article reconstructs a theology of suffering in The Brothers Karamazov as a form of anti-theodicy. Further, the theology of suffering in The Brothers Karamazov is counterposed to Leo Tolstoy’s novella Hadji Murat. How does Dostoevsky’s “theology of suffering” fare in a comparison with one of the most perceptive portraits of power and powerlessness in world literature? In the proposed reading of the story, the elderly Tolstoy seeks to challenge the Christian theology that views responsibility for suffering and injustice primarily as an individual struggle with the metaphysical conditions of existence.
Privacy-preserving kNN query processing algorithms via secure two-party computation over encrypted database in cloud computing
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Jin , Lee Hyunjo , Kim Yong-Ki , Chang Jae-Woo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince studies on privacy-preserving database outsourcing have been spotlighted in a cloud computing, databases need to be encrypted before being outsourced to the cloud. Therefore, a couple of privacy-preserving kNN query processing algorithms have been proposed over the encrypted database. However, the existing algorithms are either insecure or inefficient. Therefore, in this paper we propose a privacy-preserving kNN query processing algorithm via secure two-party computation on the encrypted database. Our algorithm preserves both data privacy and query privacy while hiding data access patterns. For this, we propose efficient and secure protocols based on Yao’s garbled circuit. To achieve a high degree of efficiency in query processing, we also propose a parallel kNN query processing algorithm using encrypted random value pool. Through our performance analysis, we verify that our proposed algorithms outperform the existing ones in terms of a query processing cost.
Age-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: a combinational study of invariant natural killer T cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells
Authors: Singh Parvind , Szaraz-Szeles Marianna , Mezei Zoltan , Barath Sandor , Hevessy Zsuzsanna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Unconventional T cells show distinct and unique features during antigen recognition as well as other immune responses. Their decrease in frequency is associated with various autoimmune disorders, allergy, inflammation, and cancer. The landscape frequency of the unconventional T cells altogether (iNKT, γδ T, and MAIT) is largely unestablished leading to various challenges affecting diagnosis and research in this field. In this study, we have established the age group–wise frequency of iNKT, γδ T, and MAIT cells altogether on a total of 203 healthy adult samples of the Caucasian population. The results revealed that iNKT cells were 0.095%, γδ T cells were 2.175%, and MAIT cells were 2.99% of the total T cell population. γδ and MAIT cell frequency is higher in younger age groups than elderly; however, there is no statistically significant difference in the frequency of iNKT cells. Furthermore, γδ and MAIT cells were negatively correlating with age, supporting immunosenescence, unlike iNKT cells. Our finding could be used for further age-wise investigation of various pathological conditions such as cancer and their prognosis, autoimmune diseases and their pathogenicity.
Having a stimulating lifestyle is associated with maintenance of white matter integrity with age
Authors: Ducharme-Laliberté Gabriel , Mellah Samira , Belleville Sylvie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBrain maintenance refers to the fact that some older adults experience few age-related changes in the brain, which helps maintain their cognition. The goal of this study was to assess maintenance of white matter integrity by testing whether reserve proxies, measuring factors associated to a stimulating lifestyle, affect the maintenance of white matter integrity. Another goal was to measure whether maintenance of white matter integrity explains inter-individual differences in working memory (WM). Forty-one cognitively healthy older adults received a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination to measure white matter lesions. They completed an n-back WM task with different loads (1- & 2-back), along with a questionnaire on their lifestyle. There was a positive association between age and volume of white matter lesions. This association was no longer found in those with higher scores on reserve proxies. In addition, smaller volumes of white matter lesions were associated with better performance than expected for age in the 1-back WM task. Better WM is associated with the maintenance of white matter integrity in older adults, which in turn is linked to measures reflecting a stimulating lifestyle throughout life.
Play, art, music and exercise therapy impact on children with diabetes
Authors: Bacus Ioana Patricia , Mahomed Husnain , Murphy Anne-Marie , Connolly Muiriosa , Neylon Orla , O’Gorman Clodagh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health issue. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the predominant diabetes type in children and always requires insulin therapy. The incidence rate of newly diagnosed T1D in children continues to increase in Ireland Roche et al. (Eur J Pediatr 175(12):1913-1919, 2016) and worldwide Patterson et al. (Diabetologia 62(3):408-417, 2019). The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review of the effects of various non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities on the control of diabetes in children. A literature review was performed using PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane library to evaluate play, art, music and exercise therapy in the treatment of DM using the keywords: “paediatric”, “diabetes”, “play therapy”, “art therapy”, “music therapy” and “exercise therapy”. These search terms initially returned 270 cases, which resulted in a total of 11 papers being reviewed after eliminating duplicate or irrelevant papers. Literature review showed that all therapies have a positive impact on the child, but there is limited research looking at the impact of therapy on quantitative measures such as HbA1c or ‘time in range’.
The cost of cancer care: how far would you go for a trial?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Orla M. , Murphy Catherine , Duignan Erica , Egan Keith , Hennessy Bryan T. , Grogan Liam , Murphy Adrian , Breathnach Oscar S. , Naidoo Jarushka , Morris Patrick G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical trials are often considered the gold standard in cancer care. However, patients face barriers in trial participation including distances to cancer centres and personal costs including changing employment status, cost of medications, inpatient admissions, and parking tariffs.

Aim
Our aim was to compare the distances patients travelled for clinical trials compared to those receiving standard systemic anticancer therapy (SACT). We also investigated the additional costs associated with this.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of electronic patient medical records. The distance from the patients’ home address to Beaumont was calculated as a one-way journey in kilometres. Patients attending for clinical trials were compared to those receiving standard of care SACT.

Results
A total of 271 patients receiving standard SACT over a 5-day period and 111 patients enrolled on 24 clinical trials were included. The median one-way distance travelled by patients enrolled in clinical trials was 41.4 km, compared to 14 km in those patients’ receiving standard of care SACT. The median estimated cost was €13 vs €4.20 for those enrolled on clinical trials compared to those receiving standard of care treatment, respectively.

Conclusion
Patients enrolled on clinical trials often travel more than twice as far to receive their anti-cancer treatment compared to those receiving standard of care SACT and incur an increased cost of travel expenses.
Driving innovation management to create shared value and sustainable growth
Authors: Rubio-Andrés Mercedes , del Mar Ramos-González Mª , Sastre-Castillo Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCreating shared value (CSV) is an opportunity for sustainable growth for small and medium-sized enterprises that entails jointly achieving both social and business value. Currently there are few practical approaches that underpin the importance of CSV and that explore which variables have a positive impact on SMEs. Our paper seeks to shed light on this issue by proposing a measuring and governance model to assess the benefits of CSV in SMEs, using a sample of Spanish SMEs for the empirical analysis, and PLS-SEM as the analysis technique. We first highlight innovation management as a key variable for CSV. It is essential to take innovative strategic decisions to identify which initiatives generate shared value. Our findings confirm that innovative business management helps cultural transformation processes to be implemented with high shared value, which is a source of opportunities in a global economy and, consequently, lead to sustainable growth. Secondly, we aim to highlight how innovative firms enhance their reputation, which in turn has an impact on the creation of social and business value. We also find that if SMEs emphasise social value, they boost the creation of business value, with their role as mediators proving to be vital. We present a strategic management model based on variables such as innovation management, social value and reputation, due to their impact on business value.
Irisin: circulating levels in serum and its relation to gonadal axis
Authors: Luo Yunyao , Qiao Xiaoyong , Xu Liangzhi , Huang Guoning 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIrisin is an exercise-induced myokine/adipokine in mice and humans that plays an important role in ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue and has shown great potential as a treatment for some metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. The circulating irisin level is reported to be associated with exercise, obesity, diet, diseases, and exposure to different pharmacological agents. Several studies have attempted to characterize the role of irisin in PCOS and other reproductive diseases, but contradictory results have been reported. Our previous study showed that irisin may serve further functions in folliculogenesis and fertility. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the physiology of irisin and its role in gonadal axis. Firstly, we describe irisin circulating levels and speculate on the potential mechanisms involved in irisin secretion and regulation. Then, we focus on the irisin levels in PCOS, and explore the relationships between, BMI, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. Finally, we present the results from animal interventional studies and in vitro experiments to investigate the relationship between irisin and gonadal axis, indicating its novel effects on reproduction and fertility.
Prenatal testosterone and sexually differentiated childhood play preferences: a meta-analysis of amniotic fluid studies
Authors: Richards Gareth , Browne Wendy V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSexually differentiated behaviour appears to emerge from a complex interaction of biological and socio-cultural factors, with prenatal exposure to steroid hormones such as testosterone thought to play a key role. Due to large sex differences being present from a very early age, much research has focussed on the influence these hormones may have on play preferences during childhood. We present an overview of the literature and a random-effects meta-analysis linking amniotic testosterone with sexually differentiated play preferences (k = 9, n = 493). The overall effect size estimate was in the theory-consistent direction (i.e., with higher levels of testosterone associated with more male-typical play preferences), though not statistically significant (r = 0.082, p = 0.274). However, after three hypothesised missing studies were imputed via the trim and fill procedure, a significant correlation emerged (r = 0.166, p = 0.014). Nevertheless, one sample was observed to exert a particularly large influence on the outcome of the analysis. Notably this was the second biggest sample and related to the largest effect size estimate. Though far from conclusive, the overall findings are consistent with the idea that individual differences in prenatal testosterone within the typical range predict sexually differentiated play preferences in early life. However, these effects may be small in magnitude and appear to vary considerably across studies.
Innovations in geomatics teaching during the COVID-19 emergency
Authors: Botto Matteo , Federici Bianca , Ferrando Ilaria , Gagliolo Sara , Sguerso Domenico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe approach in the teaching process is changing, thanks to the increased awareness that a higher students’ involvement leads to a better quality of their learning. The aim is to make the students more participative, avoiding a unidirectional lesson and encouraging their wish to keep updated on the course advancements. However, innovative teaching methodologies are not yet widespread, mainly in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. At the University of Genoa, the experimentation of innovative teaching techniques has been significant and worthy especially because it was planned before the COVID-19 emergency and applied in the scenario of forced remote teaching. Thanks to the introduction of novel technological instruments, several techniques have been exploited to realize interactive lessons and promoting students’ involvement. The present work discloses the employed techniques and frames them within the state of the art of innovative teaching, highlighting their contribution in the teaching activities related to the Geomatics field of knowledge. The acquired experiences in Geomatics dissemination and a critical analysis, including teachers’ and students’ perception about the tested innovative teaching/learning tools, are also reported. In general, the innovations introduced in teaching and learning processes during the COVID-19 sanitary emergency were warmly received by the entire community, including teachers, students, and teaching assistants.
Principles for urban nature-based solutions
Authors: Kabisch Nadja , Frantzeskaki Niki , Hansen Rieke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) were introduced as integrated, multifunctional and multi-beneficial solutions to a wide array of socio-ecological challenges. Although principles for a common understanding and implementation of NBS were already developed on a landscape scale, specific principles are needed with regard to an application in urban areas. Urban areas come with particular challenges including (i) spatial conflicts with urban system nestedness, (ii) specific urban biodiversity, fragmentation and altered environments, (iii) value plurality, multi-actor interdependencies and environmental injustices, (iv) path-dependencies with cultural and planning legacies and (v) a potential misconception of cities as being artificial landscapes disconnected from nature. Given these challenges, in this perspective paper, we build upon and integrate knowledge from the most recent academic work on NBS in urban areas and introduce five distinct, integrated principles for urban NBS design, planning and implementation. Our five principles should help to transcend governance gaps and advance the scientific discourse of urban NBS towards a more effective and sustainable urban development. To contribute to resilient urban futures, the design, planning, policy and governance of NBS should (1) consider the need for a systemic understanding, (2) contribute to benefiting people and biodiversity, (3) contribute to inclusive solutions for the long-term, (4) consider context conditions and (5) foster communication and learning.
The role of athlete commissions in addressing sport-related human rights abuses: a case study of the Commonwealth Games Federation Athletes Advisory Commission
Authors: Naidoo Urvasi , Grevemberg David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAthlete commissions have an important role to play in addressing sport-related human rights abuses. This article will explore this by examining the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) which made constitutional changes and created its first athlete representation body in 2017—the CGF Athletes Advisory Commission (AAC). These governance and legal changes empowered athletes to be part of the CGF leadership. Under the new governance structure, the Chair of the AAC is a voting member of the CGF Executive Board. The AAC met for the first time in 2018. In 2020, they launched their strategy (CGF Media Release 13 May 2020. https://thecgf.com/news/cgf-athletes-advisory-commission-launch-new-strategy. Accessed 28 October 2021) which seeks to uphold and live the Commonwealth Sport values of humanity, equality and destiny. The strategy identifies the Commonwealth athletes as agents of change, advocates for integrity and ambassadors for respect, impartiality and non-discrimination. How realistic is this ambition? The CGF itself, Commonwealth Sports Ministers and Commonwealth Member Countries have all adopted zero tolerance policies towards human rights violations (See The Commonwealth Consensus Statement on Promoting Human Rights in and through Sport 27 October 2020. https://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/inline/CW%20Consensus%20Statement-ADOPTED%20v2.pdf. Accessed 28 October 2021 and The CGF Transformation 2022 Refresh 3 September 2019 Page 31. https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-10/CGF_TRANSFORMATION%2022_BROCHURE_FINAL_16-08-19_LOW%20RES.pdf. Accessed 28 October 2021). The authors will speak to the current Chair of the AAC and the previous Chair of the AAC to ask some pertinent questions around what impact the 2020 AAC strategy can have in safeguarding participants from sport related human rights abuses. The interview will explore policy change, governance reforms and long terms strategies which can maximize the role of athletes in protecting, respecting and fulfilling the human rights of not just athletes but all involved in the delivery of the Commonwealth Sport movement.
Conceptualising and Teaching Biomedical Uncertainty to Medical Students: an Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Lukšaitė Eva , Fricker Rosemary A. , McKinley Robert K. , Dikomitis Lisa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Certainty/uncertainty in medicine is a topic of popular debate. This study aims to understand how biomedical uncertainty is conceptualised by academic medical educators and how it is taught in a medical school in the UK.

Methods
This is an exploratory qualitative study grounded in ethnographic principles. This study is based on 10 observations of teaching sessions and seven semi-structured qualitative interviews with medical educators from various biomedical disciplines in a UK medical school. The data set was analysed via a thematic analysis.

Results
Four main themes were identified after analysis: (1) ubiquity of biomedical uncertainty, (2) constraints to teaching biomedical uncertainty, (3) the ‘medic filter’ and (4) fluid distinction: core versus additional knowledge. While medical educators had differing understandings of how biomedical uncertainty is articulated in their disciplines, its presence was ubiquitous. This ubiquity did not translate into teaching due to time constraints and assessment strategies. The ‘medic filter’ emerged as a strategy that educators employed to decide what to include in their teaching. They made distinctions between core and additional knowledge which were defined in varied ways across disciplines. Additional knowledge often encapsulated biomedical uncertainty.

Discussion
Even though the perspective that knowledge is socially constructed is not novel in medical education, it is neither universally valued nor universally applied. Moving beyond situativity theories and into broader debates in social sciences provides new opportunities to discuss the nature of scientific knowledge in medical education. We invite a move away from situated learning to situated knowledge.