bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Strategy for Promoting Vascularization in Tumor Spheroids in a Microfluidic Assay
Authors: Wan Zhengpeng , Floryan Marie A. , Coughlin Mark F. , Zhang Shun , Zhong Amy X. , Shelton Sarah E. , Wang Xun , Xu Chenguang , Barbie David A. , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have developed vascularized tumor spheroid models to demonstrate the impact of intravascular flow on tumor progression and treatment. However, these models have not been widely adopted so the vascularization of tumor spheroids in vitro is generally lower than vascularized tumor tissues in vivo. To improve the tumor vascularization level, a new strategy is introduced to form tumor spheroids by adding fibroblasts (FBs) sequentially to a pre‐formed tumor spheroid and demonstrate this method with tumor cell lines from kidney, lung, and ovary cancer. Tumor spheroids made with the new strategy have higher FB densities on the periphery of the tumor spheroid, which tend to enhance vascularization. The vessels close to the tumor spheroid made with this new strategy are more perfusable than the ones made with other methods. Finally, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are perfused under continuous flow into vascularized tumor spheroids to demonstrate immunotherapy evaluation using vascularized tumor‐on‐a‐chip model. This new strategy for establishing tumor spheroids leads to increased vascularization in vitro, allowing for the examination of immune, endothelial, stromal, and tumor cell responses under static or flow conditions.
A Noble‐Metal‐Free Spintronic System with Proximity‐Enhanced Ferromagnetic Topological Surface State of FeSi above Room Temperature
Authors: Hori Tomohiro , Kanazawa Naoya , Hirayama Motoaki , Fujiwara Kohei , Tsukazaki Atsushi , Ichikawa Masakazu , Kawasaki Masashi , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStrongly spin–orbit coupled states at metal interfaces, topological insulators, and 2D materials enable efficient electric control of spin states, offering great potential for spintronics. However, there are still materials challenges to overcome, including the integration into advanced silicon electronics and the scarce resources of constituent heavy elements of those materials. Through magneto‐transport measurements and first‐principles calculations, here robust spin–orbit coupling (SOC)‐induced properties of a ferromagnetic topological surface state in FeSi and their controllability via hybridization with adjacent materials are demonstrated. In comparison to the case of its naturally oxidized surface, the ferromagnetic transition temperature is greatly increased beyond room temperature and the effective SOC strength is almost doubled at the surface in proximity to a wide‐bandgap fluoride insulator. Those enhanced magnetic properties enable room‐temperature magnetization switching, being applicable to spin–orbit torque based spintronic devices. Realization of strong SOC in the noble‐metal‐free silicon‐based compound will accelerate spintronic applications.
Tailoring Poly(Styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) Networks for All‐Polymer Dielectrics Exhibiting Ultrahigh Energy Density and Charge–Discharge Efficiency at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Pan Zizhao , Li Li , Wang Lina , Luo Guangfu , Xu Xinwei , Jin Fei , Dong Jiufeng , Niu Yujuan , Sun Liang , Guo Chuanfei , Zhang Wenqing , Wang Qing , Wang Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolymer film capacitors have been widely used in electronics and electrical power systems due to their advantages of high power densities, fast charge–discharge speed, and great stability. However, the exponential increase of electrical conduction with temperature and applied electric field substantially degrades the capacitive performance of dielectric polymers at elevated temperatures. Here, the first example of controlling the energy level of charge traps in all‐organic crosslinked polymers by tailoring molecular structures that significantly inhibit high‐field high‐temperature conduction loss, which largely differs from current approaches based on the introduction of inorganic fillers, is reported. The polymer network with optimized crosslinking structures exhibits an ultrahigh discharged energy density of 7.02 J cm−3 with charge/discharge efficiencies of >90% at 150 °C, far outperforming current dielectric polymers and composites. The charge‐trapping effects in different crosslinked structures, as the origins of the marked improvements in the high‐temperature capacitive performance, are comprehensively investigated experimentally and confirmed computationally. Moreover, excellent cyclability and self‐healing features are demonstrated in the polymer film capacitors. This work offers a promising pathway of molecular structure design to scalable high‐energy‐density polymer dielectrics capable of operating under harsh environments.
Emerging 2D Metal Oxides: From Synthesis to Device Integration
Authors: Zhou Kui , Shang Gang , Hsu Hsiao‐Hsuan , Han Su‐Ting , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Zhou Ye 
Published: November 2022

Abstract2D metal oxides have aroused increasing attention in the field of electronics and optoelectronics due to their intriguing physical properties. In this review, an overview of recent advances on synthesis of 2D metal oxides and their electronic applications is presented. First, the tunable physical properties of 2D metal oxides that relate to the structure (various oxidation‐state forms, polymorphism, etc.), crystallinity and defects (anisotropy, point defects, and grain boundary), and thickness (quantum confinement effect, interfacial effect, etc.) are discussed. Then, advanced synthesis methods for 2D metal oxides besides mechanical exfoliation are introduced and classified into solution process, vapor‐phase deposition, and native oxidation on a metal source. Later, the various roles of 2D metal oxides in widespread applications, i.e., transistors, inverters, photodetectors, piezotronics, memristors, and potential applications (solar cell, spintronics, and superconducting devices) are discussed. Finally, an outlook of existing challenges and future opportunities in 2D metal oxides is proposed.
Unraveling the Stretch‐Induced Microstructural Evolution and Morphology–Stretchability Relationships of High‐Performance Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Blends
Authors: Peng Zhongxiang , Xian Kaihu , Liu Junwei , Zhang Yaowen , Sun Xiaokang , Zhao Wenchao , Deng Yunfeng , Li Xiuhong , Yang Chunming , Bian Fenggang , Geng Yanhou , Ye Long 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe stretchability and stretch‐induced structural evolution of organic solar cells (OSCs) are pivotal for their collapsible, portable, and wearable applications, and they are mainly affected by the complex morphology of active layers. Herein, a highly ductile conjugated polymer P(NDI2OD‐T2) is incorporated into the active layers of high‐efficiency OSCs based on nonfullerene small molecule acceptors to simultaneously investigate the morphological, mechanical, and photovoltaic properties and structural evolution under stretching of ternary blend films with various acceptor contents. The structural robustness of the blend films is indicated by their stretch‐induced structural evolution, which is monitored in real‐time by a combination of in situ wide/small angle X‐ray scattering. It is found that adding the soft P(NDI2OD‐T2) can enhance the stretchability and structural robustness of ternary blend films by more entangled chains and tie chains to dissipate strain. Furthermore, the stretchability of the ternary blends can be superbly predicted by a 3D equivalent box model. This work provides instructive insight and guidance for designing stretchable electronics and predicting the stretchability of multicomponent blends.
Highly Efficient Flexocatalysis of Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors
Authors: Wu Tong , Liu Kang , Liu Shuhai , Feng Xiaolong , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Longfei , Qin Yong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCatalysis is vitally important for chemical engineering, energy, and environment. It is critical to discover new mechanisms for efficient catalysis. For piezoelectric/pyroelectric/ferroelectric materials that have a non‐centrosymmetric structure, interfacial polarization‐induced redox reactions at surfaces leads to advanced mechanocatalysis. Here, the first flexocatalysis for 2D centrosymmetric semiconductors, such as MnO2 nanosheets, is demonstrated largely expanding the polarization‐based‐mechanocatalysis to 2D centrosymmetric materials. Under ultrasonic excitation, the reactive species are created due to the strain‐gradient‐induced flexoelectric polarization in MnO2 nanosheets composed nanoflowers. The organic pollutants (Methylene Blue et al.) can be effectively degraded within 5 min; the performance of the flexocatalysis is comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art piezocatalysis, with excellent stability and reproducibility. Moreover, the factors related to flexocatalysis such as material morphology, adsorption, mechanical vibration intensity, and temperature are explored, which give deep insights into the mechanocatalysis. This study opens the field of flexoelectric effect‐based mechanochemistry in 2D centrosymmetric semiconductors.
High‐Performance Internal Ion‐Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistors for High‐Frequency Bioimpedance Analysis
Authors: Yeung Sin Yu , Veronica Asmita , Li Yue , Hsing I‐Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInternal ion‐gated organic electrochemical transistor (IGT) demonstrates volume‐dependent transconductance with the unprecedented advantages of high speed and self‐(de)doping capability among ion‐based transistors. The novel characteristics have albeit rendered IGT a promising platform for integrated bioelectronics, its potential in high‐frequency applications has yet been fully harnessed. Moreover, a study from a material's point of view is especially needed for this recently emerged platform as the necessity of maintaining the internal ion reservoir has posed difficulties in processing hydrated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with electronically favorable morphologies. Herein, a comprehensive investigation of the structural and functional properties of ion‐embedded PEDOT:PSS modified by different annealing temperatures is performed and correlated to the IGT performance. A short‐time high‐temperature annealing treatment is found effective in facilitating the formation of compact microstructures without significantly influencing film hydration. The structural improvement enhances the film's conductivity and hole mobility, with the corresponding IGTs exhibiting higher gain, higher conductance, and high cut‐off frequency consistently in a batch. This study also successfully demonstrates the first use of electrochemical transistors like IGTs in high‐frequency applications through proof‐of‐concept experiments simulating fluid estimation in 50 kHz bioimpedance analysis. This work contributes to the development of high‐performance IGTs for extensive biological applications.
Quantum Dots for Pathogenic Bacterial Monitoring and Combating
Authors: Liu Yuting , Zhang Hongbo , Xu Yuanhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntibiotic resistance and pathogenic bacterial monitoring are two main challenges in clinical diagnostics and treatment of bacteria. To conquer those issues, many new materials and novel technologies are explored. Among them, quantum dots (QDs) are regarded as not only powerful bacteriostatic agents, but also bacterial monitoring probes due to their excellent photoluminescence properties, tunable multiwavelength luminescence, and capability in reactive oxygen species‐generation. While, till now, no systematic and critical review has been published in this related research area. This review paper aims at summarization and review of the monitoring and combating of pathogenic bacteria utilizing QDs (mainly in the recent five years), in view of their classification, modification, mechanism, and application. Semiconductor QDs, transmission‐metal‐based QDs, carbon‐based QDs, and silicon‐based QDs are mainly covered in this review. Moreover, a thorough discussion on the possible interaction mechanism between bacteria and QDs is given, which will contribute to the designing of QDs for novel and high‐efficient bacterial monitoring and combating applications. Eventually, the current challenges and the future research focus of QDs in bacterial monitoring and combating are proposed. This review will be of significance for the related field to understand the designing principles of QDs for pathogenic bacterial monitoring and combating applications.
Broadband and High‐Sensitivity Photodetector Based on BiFeO3/Si Heterojunction
Authors: Lei Lin , Liu Lin , Lu Xiaomei , Yan Shuo , Hu Xueli , He Jiayi , Huang Fengzhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotovoltaic devices based on ferroelectric materials have broad application prospects; however, there are also problems of narrow bandwidth and low sensitivity. In this paper, polycrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) films are prepared directly on n‐Si (100) substrates to form ferroelectric/semiconductor heterostructures, the electrical response of which under weak light intensity (0.8 W m−2) is systematically investigated. Accompanied by the dielectric relaxation originated from photocarriers, the polarization of BFO increases while the coercive voltage decreases. Especially, current–voltage (I–V) curve under negative bias voltage changes obviously with illumination, and cyclically switchable photocurrent is detected at 0 V bias, with the on‐off ratio increasing for lower temperature. Although the photoresponse is detectable in the broad wavelength range of 275–1100 nm, it is more pronounced for visible light. It is considered that the built‐in electric field of the PN junction at the BFO/n‐Si interface drives the separation and migration of photocarriers, which in turn affects the interface barrier and the distribution of monovalent oxygen vacancies () in BFO while producing the photovoltaic effect. This work provides an effective route for developing photodetectors with high sensitivity and broadband detection.
Photocatalytic Functionalization of Dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐Ones with Pyrazolones
Authors: Rostoll‐Berenguer Jaume , Sierra‐Molero Francisco J. , Blay Gonzalo , Pedro José R. , Vila Carlos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA visible‐light photoredox functionalization of 3,4‐dihydro‐quinoxalin‐2‐ones with pyrazolones using an inexpensive organophotoredox catalyst is described. The reaction uses 9,10‐phenanthrenedione as photocatalyst, a very simple and cheap photocatalyst, a HP single Blue LED (455 nm) as visible‐light source and oxygen from air as terminal oxidant, obtaining the corresponding acetylated pyrazoles with good yields. The reaction can be extended to other nitrogen heterocycles such as 5‐aminopyrazoles with good results.magnified image
Silica islands regulated external Ti‐site environment of TS‐1 for enhanced performance of 1‐hexene epoxidation
Authors: Yuan Juncong , Fu Ranfei , Fan Lunrui , Dong Yaqi , Zong Ze , Kang Hui , Yan Hao , Liu Yibin , Zhang Xingong , Zhao Guanghui , Deng Xuliang , Zhang Yongjun , Liu Jincheng , Yang Chaohe , Shan Honghong , Chen De , Feng Xiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRational regulation of the local environment of Ti‐sites in TS‐1 harbors tremendous industrial and scientific significance to epoxidation reactions. Herein, we report a facile and environment‐friendly strategy to boost catalytic selectivity by covering the Ti‐sites on an external surface of TS‐1 (ITS‐1) without sacrificing activity of internal Ti sites. By a quantitative analysis of d3‐acetonitrile and quinoline‐DRIFTS, 1H MAS NMR and XPS, it is found that the percentage of external Ti‐sites decreased from 11% to 6% after depositing surface silica islands. This successfully inhibits ring‐opening reaction of 1,2‐epoxyhexane on catalyst surface, as demonstrated by slower kinetic decomposition rate of 1,2‐epoxyhexane. Compared with conventional TS‐1 catalyst, selectivity of 1,2‐epoxyhexane over ITS‐1 catalyst significantly increased from 83.5% to 98.5% while maintaining high 1‐hexene conversion. Furthermore, overmuch surface silica coverage only leads to extremely low conversion (2%) due to inhibition of mass transfer. This work paves the way for rational construction of Ti‐containing catalysts for 1‐hexene epoxidation.
Surface modification of electron transport layers based on TiO2 nanorod boosts efficiency of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hai , Yoon Sang‐Hyeok , Kim Kyo‐Seon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, TiO2 heterostructure thin films including rutile TiO2 nanorods (TNRs) and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass are fabricated by the hydrothermal method and are applied as electron transport layers (ETLs) in MAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To enhance the surface area of ETL, TNRs are first etched in acidic solution by another hydrothermal process for different reaction times before coating with TNPs. The morphological and structural properties of TNRs after etching are carefully investigated. Interestingly, the surface modification of TNR thin film by appropriate TNP deposition and etching improves significantly the efficiency of PSC devices by more than 1.6 times. To further improve the performance of PSC, phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is used to enhance the charge transfer efficiency at the ETL/perovskite interface, and the optimal PSC device shows the champion efficiency of 18.50% with low charge transfer resistance (11.56 ohms).
SCAF4‐related syndromic intellectual disability
Authors: Carvalho Laura Machado Lara , Pinto Carla Franchi , de Oliveira Scliar Marília , Otto Paulo A. , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino , Rosenberg Carla 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe causal link between variants in the SCAF4 gene and a syndromic form of intellectual disability (ID) was established in 2020 by Fliedner et al. Since then, no additional cases have been reported. We performed exome sequencing in a 16‐year‐old Brazilian male presenting with ID, epilepsy, behavioral problems, speech impairment, facial dysmorphisms, heart malformations, and obesity. A de novo pathogenic variant [SCAF4(NM_020706.2):c.374_375dup(p.Glu126LeufsTer20)] was identified. This is the second study reporting the involvement of SCAF4 in syndromic ID, and the description of the patient's clinical features contributes to defining the phenotypic spectrum of this recently described Mendelian disorder.
A severe clinicopathologic phenotype of RAF1Ser257Leu neomutation in a preterm infant without cardiac anomaly
Authors: Darouich Sihem , Chakroun Ahmed Sahbi , Bellamine Houda , Khamassi Ichrak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhenotype analysis of the Noonan syndrome (NS) related to RAF1 mutations demonstrates that a high proportion of cases exhibit severe lymphatic dysplasia and congenital heart disease, especially hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Because of the difficulty of fetal phenotypic assessment, the percentage of cases with multisystemic prenatal presentation as well as the phenotypic variability may be underestimated. We describe a 35 weeks male preterm infant presenting with de novo missense mutation NM_002880.4(RAF1):c.770C>T (p.Ser257Leu), whose death occurred following birth. Antenatal ultrasound showed polyhydramnios, severe ascites, and tongue protrusion. Autopsy revealed multiple congenital anomalies including intrauterine growth restriction, hydrops fetalis, characteristic facial dysmorphia, short and webbed neck, hypertrichosis, severe lungs hypoplasia, thymic hyperplasia, hepato‐splenomegaly, bilateral mild uretero‐hydronephrosis, and mild pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Histology revealed increased hepatic hematopoiesis and iron deposits. This report confirms that NS may be associated with multisystem involvement and provides further evidence for the wide phenotypic variability associated with RAF1 variants.
Polyethylene with MoS2 nanoparticles toward antibacterial active packaging
Authors: Castillo Pedro , Goñi‐Ciaurriz Leire , Olate‐Moya Felipe , Bastías Roberto , Farias Sara , Palza Humberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles, obtained from liquid phase exfoliation in the presence of chitosan, were melt mixed with a linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix to produce novel antimicrobial active packaging materials. The LLDPE/MoS2 composites presented exfoliated nanoparticles forming aggregates that are well dispersed in the polymer matrix. These 2D‐layered MoS2 nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 wt% rendered several functionalities to the LLDPE, as for example an antimicrobial behavior against Salmonella typhi and Listeria monocytogenes bacteria that can be explained not only by the photoactivity of the filler but also by changes in the composite surface. For instance, the composites presented a reduction in the water contact angle (i.e., an increased hydrophilicity) and relevant changes in the surface topography (i.e., reduced roughness) as compared with pure LLDPE. Regarding the barrier properties, while MoS2 dramatically increased the water vapor permeation (WVP) of the polymer matrix, until 15 times for composite with 3.0 wt% of filler, the oxygen permeation decreased around 25%. All these novel functionalities in the nanocomposites were obtained without significantly affecting the tensile mechanical properties of the pure LLDPE matrix. These results show that MoS2 is a promising filler for the development of antibacterial active packaging films with behaviors as similar as other 2D‐layered fillers such as graphene derivatives.
Preparation and derivation mechanism of methyl methacrylate/nitrile butadiene rubber/graphene oxide composites by ball‐milling
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Wang Bo , Wei Shicheng , Zhu Xiaoying , Wang Yujiang , Liang Yi , Guo Lei , Lu Fangjie , Xu Binshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMethyl methacrylate/nitrile butadiene rubber/graphene oxide (MMA/NBR/GO) composite materials were prepared by ball‐milling based on the mechano‐chemical principle. The effects of some key process parameters, such as graphene oxide (GO) content, ball‐to‐powder ratio (BPR), and ball‐milling time on textures and structures of MMA/NBR/GO composite materials were studied systematically by Zeta potentials, Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and the derivation mechanism was examined. The results indicated composite materials with excellent dispersion stability at GO content of 0.3%, BPR of 3.87, and ball‐milling time of 5 h, the value of sedimentation rate is only 1.0%, the Zeta potential is −41.5 mV, and the mass loss ratio is 40.36%. FT‐IR result shows that the intensity of the characteristic peak all decreases after ball milling, and carboxyl group of GO and hydroxyl group connected to the benzene ring is broken. The graft position is CN and CH2 of NBR, and CH3 of MMA. Under these conditions, the oxygen‐containing functional groups of GO were successfully grafted onto the MMA and NBR.