bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis for a Manganese Oxide Molecular Sieve for Application in Mercury Removal in Chloride‐Free Flue Gas
Authors: Han Jun , Shan Weiwei , Zhao Bo , Tian Chong , Ma Junwei , Zhang Qiang , Qin Linbo , Chen Wangsheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOMS‐2 (manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve) were prepared by one pot hydrothermal method under different temperatures in this work, and their performances of oxidizing elemental mercury (Hg0) in the flue gas derived from coal combustion were evaluated. Moreover, the effects of the reaction temperature and flue gas component on Hg0 oxidation ability of these catalysts were also investigated. It is found that OMS‐2 catalysts have an excellent mercury oxidizing ability under 100–200 °C, and 94 % Hg0 oxidation efficiency could be achieved by catalyst prepared under 120 °C (OMS‐2‐H120) in the chlorine free flue gas. The process of elemental mercury oxidation over OMS‐2‐H120 by O2 is found to follow Mars‐Maessen mechanism based on the XPS and FTIR analysis of the fresh and spent catalysts. NO is the precursors of the active species such as NO−, NO2, which is benefit to improve Hg0 oxidation ability of OMS‐2‐H120. SO2 have a negative effect on Hg0 oxidation over OMS‐2‐H120 while water vapor exhibits nearly no influence.
Pressure‐Induced Amorphization and Crystallization of Heterophase Pd Nanostructures
Authors: Li Qian , Cheng Hongfei , Xing Caihong , Guo Songhao , Wu Xiaotong , Zhang Liming , Zhang Dongzhou , Liu Xingchen , Wen Xiaodong , Lü Xujie , Zhang Hua , Quan Zewei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControl of structural ordering in noble metals is very important for the exploration of their properties and applications, and thus it is highly desired to have an in‐depth understanding of their structural transitions. Herein, through high‐pressure treatment, the mutual transformations between crystalline and amorphous phases are achieved in Pd nanosheets (NSs) and nanoparticles (NPs). The amorphous domains in the amorphous/crystalline Pd NSs exhibit pressure‐induced crystallization (PIC) phenomenon, which is considered as the preferred structural response of amorphous Pd under high pressure. On the contrary, in the spherical crystalline@amorphous core‐shell Pd NPs, pressure‐induced amorphization (PIA) is observed in the crystalline core, in which the amorphous‐crystalline phase boundary acts as the initiation site for the collapse of crystalline structure. The distinct PIC and PIA phenomena in two different heterophase Pd nanostructures might originate from the different characteristics of Pd NSs and NPs, including morphology, amorphous‐crystalline interface, and lattice parameter. This work not only provides insights into the phase transition mechanisms of amorphous/crystalline heterophase noble metal nanostructures, but also offers an alternative route for engineering noble metals with different phases.
Recent progress, mechanisms, and perspectives for crystal and interface chemistry applying to the Zn metal anodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhengchunyu , Xi Baojuan , Ma Xiaojian , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe need for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage devices in the future has spawned several new breeds of batteries in which aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted great attention due to their high safety, low cost, and excellent electrochemical performance. In the current research, the dendrite and corrosion caused by aqueous electrolytes are the main problems being studied. However, the research on the zinc metal anode is still in its infancy. We think it really needs to provide clear guidelines about how to reasonably configure the system of AZIBs to realize high‐energy density and long cycle life. Therefore, it is worth analyzing the works on the zinc anode, and several strategies are proposed to improve the stability and cycle life of the battery in recent years. Based on the crystal chemistry and interface chemistry, this review reveals the key factors and essential causes that inhibit dendrite growth and side reactions and puts forward the potential prospects for future work in this direction. It is foreseeable that guiding the construction of AZIBs with high‐energy density and long cycle life in various systems would be quite possible by following this overview as a roadmap.
Development of Ag‐dendrites @Cu nanostructure for removal of selenium (IV) from aqueous solution
Authors: El‐Wakeel Shaimaa T. , Abdel‐Karim Ahmed , Ismail Sameh H. , Mohamed Gehad G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRemoval of selenite (Se (IV)) from wastewater is vital due to its more toxic and mobile properties. In this study, a novel dendritic silver‐dendrites@ copper with hierarchical side‐branches were synthesized through a two‐pot rapid, facile, and green precipitation route. Characterization of the dendrites by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) confirmed the proper preparation of dendritic AgCu nanostructure. Significantly, the Ag@Cu nanostructure has high specific surface area (150 m2/g) and excellent adsorption activity toward selenite. The adsorption rate of Se (IV) on the dendritic AgCu reaches 94% within 60 min under normal adsorption procedures. Both adsorption kinetics and isotherms have been described well by the pesudo‐second order model and Langmuir model, respectively. The noticeable high adsorption capabilities can mainly accredit to the effect of the hierarchical side‐branched structure. Therefore, the dendritic AgCu nanostructure has a room of treating heavy metals‐contaminated industrial wastewater streams.Practitioner Points

Silver‐dendrites@ copper with hierarchical side‐branches were synthesized through a rapid and green precipitation route using copper nanoparticles.
The prepared nanostructure was applied for Se (IV) adsorption at varying operational conditions (contact time, pH, and dose).
High adsorption capacity for Se (IV) up to 173.1 mg/g was achieved using the prepared nanoparticles applying Langmuir isotherm model.
Relative scale separation in orbifolds of S2 and S5
Authors: Tsimpis Dimitrios 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In orbifold vacua containing an Sq/Γ factor, we compute the relative order of scale separation, r, defined as the ratio of the eigenvalue of the lowest-lying Γ-invariant state of the scalar Laplacian on Sq, to the eigenvalue of the lowest-lying state. For q = 2 and Γ finite subgroup of SO(3), or q = 5 and Γ finite subgroup of SU(3), the maximal relative order of scale separation that can be achieved is r = 21 or r = 12, respectively. For smooth S5 orbifolds, the maximal relative scale separation is r = 4.2. Methods from invariant theory are very efficient in constructing Γ-invariant spherical harmonics, and can be readily generalized to other orbifolds.
The $$L^{r}$$-Variational Integral
Authors: Tulone Francesco , Musial Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe define the $$L^r$$

L
r

-variational integral and we prove that it is equivalent to the $$HK_r$$

H

K
r

-integral defined in 2004 by P. Musial and Y. Sagher in the Studia Mathematica paper The$$L^{r}$$

L
r

-Henstock–Kurzweil integral. We prove also the continuity of $$L^r$$

L
r

-variation function.
Genome-wide SNPs detect fine-scale genetic structure in threatened populations of squirrel glider Petaurus norfolcensis
Authors: Knipler Monica L. , Dowton Mark , Clulow John , Meyer Ninon , Mikac Katarina M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAustralian arboreal mammals are experiencing significant population declines, particularly due to land clearing and resulting habitat fragmentation. The squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis, is a threatened species in New South Wales, with a stronghold population in the Lake Macquarie Local Government Area (LGA) where fragmentation due to urbanization is an ongoing problem for the species conservation. Here we report on the use of squirrel glider mitochondrial (385 bp cytochrome b gene, 70 individuals) and nuclear DNA (6,834 SNPs, 87 individuals) markers to assess their population genetic structure and connectivity across 14 locations sampled in the Lake Macquarie LGA. The mitochondrial DNA sequences detected evidence of a historical genetic bottleneck, while the genome-wide SNPs detected significant population structure in the Lake Macquarie squirrel glider populations at scales as fine as one kilometer. There was no evidence of inbreeding within patches, however there were clear effects of habitat fragmentation and biogeographical barriers on gene flow. A least cost path analysis identified thin linear corridors that have high priority for conservation. These areas should be protected to avoid further isolation of squirrel glider populations and the loss of genetic diversity through genetic drift.
Experimental Study of the Fire Dynamics in a Semi-enclosure Formed by Photovoltaic (PV) Installations on Flat Roof Constructions
Authors: Kristensen Jens Steemann , Jacobs Benjamin , Jomaas Grunde 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlame spread experiments upon a BROOF(t4) compliant flat roof mock-up located below a vertical barrier were carried out for variations in gap height, inclination, subjacent insulation material, and the barrier type (stainless-steel board or photovoltaic (PV) module). A binary flame spread scenario was identified, where re-radiation from the flame facilitated self-sustained flame spread if the gap height to the horizontal panel was below 10 cm for the stainless-steel board and 11 cm for PV modules. These were defined as the critical gap heights. Inclination of the PV modules increased the critical gap height and caused a 25% faster flame spread rate (FSR) than the FSR below horizontal modules with the same gap height at the location of ignition. The faster FSR for inclined modules caused a 40% reduction of the maximum temperature measured at a depth of 70 mm in the insulation materials (242°C). Based on temperatures measured in the insulation materials, the 60 mm polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation performed slightly better than the 50 mm mineral wool insulation. However, it is expected that the mineral wool would outperform the PIR insulation if tested with the same thickness, as it insulates significantly better at high temperatures. Finally, no sustained flame spread was observed on the back side polymer sheet of the PV modules, but one of the three PV module brands produced burning droplets. Based on the experiments, it can be concluded that the current standards are inadequate as the introduction of a PV system on a compliant roof construction enables flame spread.
Copyright Protection in the Digital Single Market: Potential Consequences for Content Platform Competition
Authors: Stähler Frank , Stähler Leander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper scrutinizes the effects of the European Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market on platform competition. Platforms that are online content-sharing service providers must have a license agreement with collective management organizations that control the content platform that users may – or must not – upload to the platform. The paper shows that the new directive may imply market concentration and an aggregate welfare loss. The reason is that only users of the large platform (in a dual platform setting) will be allowed to upload content if the content assets are sufficiently valuable and if network effects are strong.
Fluorescence-guided detection of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) tissue during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery available agents, their potential, and technical aspects
Authors: Vergeer Rob A , Theunissen Robin E P , van Elk Theodora , Schmidt Iris , Postma Mark R , Tamasi Katalin , van Dijk J Marc C , Kuijlen Jos M A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDifferentiation of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) tissue from surrounding normal tissue during surgery is challenging. A number of fluorescent agents is available for visualization of tissue discrepancy, with the potential of improving total tumor resection. This review evaluates the availability, clinical and technical applicability of the various fluorescent agents within the field of pituitary surgery. According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed to identify reports describing results of in vivo application of fluorescent agents. In this review, 15 publications were included. Sodium Fluorescein (FNa) was considered in two studies. The first study reported noticeable fluorescence in adenoma tissue, the second demonstrated the strongest fluorescence in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was investigated in three studies. One study compared laser-based optical biopsy system (OBS) with photo-diagnostic filter (PD) and found that the OBS was able to detect all microadenomas, even when MRI was negative. The second study retrospectively analyzed twelve pituitary adenomas and found only one positive for fluorescence. The third investigated fifteen pituitary adenomas of which one displayed vague fluorescence. Indocyanine green (ICG) was researched in four studies with variable results. Second-Window ICG yielded no significant difference between functioning and non-functioning adenomas in one study, while a second study displayed 4 times higher fluorescence in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. In three studies, OTL38 showed potential in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. At present, evidence for fluorescent agents to benefit total resection of PitNETs is lacking. OTL38 can potentially serve as a selective fluorescent agent in non-functioning pituitary adenomas in the near future.
Monitoring extinction risk and threats of the world’s fishes based on the Sampled Red List Index
Authors: Miranda Rafael , Miqueleiz Imanol , Darwall William , Sayer Catherine , Dulvy Nicholas K. , Carpenter Kent E. , Polidoro Beth , Dewhurst-Richman Nadia , Pollock Caroline , Hilton-Taylor Craig , Freeman Robin , Collen Ben , Böhm Monika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobal biodiversitytargets require us to identify species at risk of extinction and quantify status and trends of biodiversity. The Red List Index (RLI) tracks trends in the conservation status of entire species groups over time by monitoring changes in categories assigned to species. Here, we calculate this index for the world’s fishes in 2010, using a sampled approach to the RLI based on a randomly selected sample of 1,500 species, and also present RLI splits for freshwater and marine systems separately. We further compare specific traits of a worldwide fish list to our sample to assess its representativeness. Overall, 15.1% of species in the sample were estimated to be threatened with extinction, resulting in a sampled RLI of 0.914 for all species, 0.968 in marine and 0.862 in freshwater ecosystems. Our sample showed fishing as the principal threat for marine species, and pollution by agricultural and forestry effluents for freshwater fishes. The sampled list provides a robust representation for tracking trends in the conservation status of the world’s fishes, including disaggregated sampled indices for marine and freshwater fish. Reassessment and backcasting of this index is urgent to check the achievement of the commitments proposed in global biodiversity targets.
Teachers' perceptions of Brandon's Matrix as a framework for the teaching and assessment of scientific methods in school science
Authors: Cullinane Alison , Hillier Judith , Childs Ann , Erduran Sibel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article utilizes a framework for classifying different scientific methods suggested by a philosopher of science (BrandonSynthese, 99, 59–73, 1994) called Brandon’s Matrix. It presents findings from teachers who took part in a funded project in England that looked at the nature of scientific methods in science investigations. Science investigations are an integral aspect of science education and, as such, are often included in high stakes examinations. Therefore, teachers need to have a good understanding of a range of scientific methods and their purposes in science investigations. The framework was used to ask teachers to classify science investigations based on how they teach them. It was also employed to devise assessments to measure students’ understanding of scientific methods. The teachers were introduced to the new approaches and their perceptions were gathered to understand if they supported this as a framework for their classroom practice. Evidence from the study suggested that Brandon’s Matrix appealed to teachers as a framework for practical science in schools, and they see potential benefits for its use in the teaching, learning, and assessment of science. Findings from the study showed it appealed to the teachers as a tool for classifying scientific methods, and how they also recognized the importance of assessing practical work and had an appreciation of the constraints and drivers in the current curriculum and assessment requirements in England. Implications for teachers’ professional development are discussed.
A functional central limit theorem on non-stationary random fields with nested spatial structure
Authors: Xu Leshun , Lee Alan , Lumley Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a functional central limit theorem on high dimensional random fields in the context of model-based survey analysis. For strongly-mixing non-stationary random fields, we provide an upper bound for the fourth moment of the finite population total. This inequality is the generalization of a key tool for proving functional central limit theorems in Rio (Asymptotic theory of weakly dependent random processes, Springer, Berlin, 2017). Under the nested sampling strategy, we introduce assumptions on strongly-mixing coefficients and quantile functions to show that a functional stochastic process asymptotically approaches to a Gaussian process.
Modelling Metribuzin Removal Efficiency Through Adsorption Using Activated Carbon of Olive-waste Cake
Authors: Imteaz Monzur Alam , Bayatvarkeshi Maryam , Ahsan Amimul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA simple mathematical model is developed for the prediction of Metribuzin removal efficiency through adsorption using activated carbon of olive-waste cake for any combination of input conditions. Based on earlier experimental results, factors from three independent variables (pH, initial Metribuzin concentration and adsorbent dose concentration) were incorporated in the model. All the factors are multiplied to derive a combined diminishing factor, which is multiplied with maximum achievable removal efficiency. It is found that although the model results are having good correlation (0.92) with the experimental results, those are slightly away from the ideal line. Through the introduction of an adjustment factor, model predictions are closely matching with the measured values having a correlation coefficient of 0.96. The primary model predicted results are having standard errors as RMSE = 6.34, MAE = 5.99 and RAE = 0.07, whereas the same error statistics of the adjusted model are 1.97, 1.71 and 0.01, respectively. Such modelling technique will predict removal efficiency for any combination of input parameters, which at times are required to be changed for other constraints.
How much biology is in the product? Role and relevance of biological evolution and function for bio-inspired design
Authors: Roth-Nebelsick Anita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBio-inspired design (BID) means the concept of transferring functional principles from biology to technology. The core idea driving BID-related work is that evolution has shaped functional attributes, which are termed “adaptations” in biology, to a high functional performance by relentless selective pressure. For current methods and tools, such as data bases, it is implicitly supposed that the considered biological models are adaptations and their functions already clarified. Often, however, the identification of adaptations and their functional features is a difficult task which is not yet accomplished for numerous biological structures, as happens to be the case also for various organismic features from which successful BID developments were derived. This appears to question the relevance of the much stressed importance of evolution for BID. While it is obviously possible to derive an attractive technical principle from an observed biological effect without knowing its original functionality, this kind of BID (“analog BID”) has no further ties to biology. In contrast, a BID based on an adaptation and its function (“homolog BID”) is deeply embedded in biology. It is suggested that a serious and honest clarification of the functional background of a biological structure is an essential first step in devising a BID project, to recognize possible problems and pitfalls as well as to evaluate the need for further biological analysis.
AHP and TOPSIS Based Sub-Watershed Prioritization and Tectonic Analysis of Ami River Basin, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Patel Adesh , Singh M.M. , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Kushwaha Kamlesh , Singh Rubal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil erosion is a major consequence which usually reduces soil productivity. The identification of its susceptible zones is essential in order to apply preventive measures in any basin. A detailed morphometric evaluation of Ami river basin is done using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data of 30m resolution. Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based prioritization and characterization of sub-watersheds is important to plan and manage the natural resources of a region. Total 18 sub-watersheds with an outlet having 4th order drainage were selected for the prioritization purpose for soil erosion susceptibility zones with the help of 10 morphometric parameters. The sub-watersheds were ordered from SW-I to SW-XVIII. In this regard, SW-XV has the highest priority (0.628) and higher soil erosion while SW-XVIII (0.317) has lowest conditions for soil erosion.
Various tectonic and sinuosity related parameters are calculated and analyzed like hypsometric integral (0.49), asymmetric factor (50.1) and transverse topographic symmetric factor suggesting good symmetry of basin with no tectonic tilt. The value of standard sinuosity index (1.2) suggests that Ami river is naturally sinuous stream. Morphometric parameters suggest less structurally controlled and normal category of the basin. The basin has coarse texture of drainage with highly suspect to soil erosion and high run off.
Ranking ecosystem services delivered by trees in urban and rural areas
Authors: Przewoźna Patrycja , Mączka Krzysztof , Mielewczyk Marcin , Inglot Adam , Matczak Piotr 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolicies and strategies for tree management and protection on a national, regional, and local level have not sufficiently considered differences between rural and urban areas. We used expert knowledge to compare rural and urban areas in a case study evaluating the relative importance of ecosystem services (ES) in policy development. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and focus group discussions were used to rank 17 ES, representing four classes of services: provisioning, regulating, habitat, and cultural. The results indicated that effective protection strategies, beyond simply increasing general tree cover, should consider specific benefits trees provide to local communities. We discuss the role of objective prioritization of ES delivered by trees in urban and rural areas and their consequences for decision-making processes.