bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment expectations: examining the effect of psychological contract fulfillment on bridge employees' personal and work attitudes
Authors: Mazumdar Bishakha , Warren Amy , Dupré Kathryne , Brown Travor 
Published: June 2022

PurposeIn this study the authors examine whether bridge employees tend to hold non-standard jobs, and if so, whether non-standard job choice is deliberate. Moreover, the authors examine whether fulfillment of employment expectations affects the personal and work attitudes of bridge employees.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' research and hypotheses are supported and developed through psychological contract theory. The authors collected data from 195 bridge employees, employed in a variety of jobs, through an online survey. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression.FindingsThis study suggests that some bridge employees may engage in non-standard employment deliberately. Moreover, we show that fulfillment of perceived obligation by employers (psychological contract) is associated with personal and work attitudes (life satisfaction, job satisfaction, affective commitment, normative commitment and intentions to stay) of bridge employees.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this study supports psychological contract theory as an important framework for understanding bridge employment, sample size, cross-sectional data and a lack of diversity in the sample limit causality, generalizability and data robustness. Future research should strive to replicate and extend the current findings.Practical implicationsThe present study underlines the importance of designing jobs to meet the expectations of bridge employees. Also, it highlights the preference of bridge employees to engage in non-standard employment.Originality/valueThe authors extend bridge employment research by empirically examining the relationship between unmet employment expectations and the personal and work attitudes of bridge employees.
Overyielding is accounted for partly by plasticity and dissimilarity of crop root traits in maize/legume intercropping systems
Authors: Yang Hao , Xu Hua‐Sen , Zhang Wei‐Ping , Li Zhao‐Xin , Fan Hong‐Xia , Lambers Hans , Li Long 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Positive biodiversity–productivity relationships have been found in biodiversity field experiments of grasslands, forests and natural terrestrial ecosystems, where diversity effects were separated by complementarity (CE) and selection effects (SE). However, we know little about how CE and SE are related to root traits and root dissimilarity.

A 4‐year field experiment was carried out with a split‐plot design, where main plot was four nitrogen (N) applications (N0, N1, N2 and N3) and five cropping systems (maize Zea mays L./soybean Glycine max L. Merrill., maize/peanut Arachis hypogaea L. intercropped and the corresponding monocultures) with three replicates. Roots were sampled in the N0 and N2 treatments in 2 years. Intercropping effects were analysed based on grain yield for 4 years and roots were sampled down to 60 cm depth, and analysed with morphological parameters at different crop growth stages in 2 years.

Intercropping significantly increased grain yield and above‐ground biomass in both intercropping systems under all N treatments. The partitioning of the net intercropping effects showed that yield advantage in intercropping was due to a positive CE under the N0 treatment, and to a positive SE with N application.

Maize showed greater root morphological plasticity than the legumes did, with greater changes in root length density (RLD), root weight density (RWD) and total root surface (TS) in intercropping than in monoculture. Intercropped maize occupied a larger soil space, while lateral RLD distribution of legumes was decreased by maize. The RLD, RWD and TS of intercropped maize were constant or increased in later growth stages. SE showed a significantly positive relationship with root dissimilarity. Principal component analysis showed mean root depth and specific root length of legumes drove the positive CE in the absence of N fertilization.

Root dissimilarity determined by maize explained the selection effects in overyielding. Complementarity effects under N0 were closely associated with specific root traits such as mean root depth and specific root length. Linking changes of root traits with intercropping effects above‐ground helps understand yield advantages in diverse agroecosystem. In general, a cereal species with strong phenotypic plasticity intercropped with a legume species with strong physiological plasticity can maximize the yield advantage of intercropping.
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Continental‐scale niche differentiation of dominant topsoil archaea in drylands
Authors: Hu Weigang , Hou Qingqing , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Stegen James C. , Du Qiajun , Dong Longwei , Ji Mingfei , Sun Yuan , Yao Shuran , Gong Haiyang , Xiong Junlan , Xia Rui , Liu Jiayuan , Aqeel Muhammad , Akram Muhammad Adnan , Ran Jinzhi , Deng Jianming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArchaea represent a diverse group of microorganisms often associated with extreme environments. However, an integrated understanding of biogeographical patterns of the specialist Haloarchaea and the potential generalist ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) across large‐scale environmental gradients remains limited. We hypothesize that niche differentiation determines their distinct distributions along environmental gradients. To test the hypothesis, we use a continental‐scale research network including 173 dryland sites across northern China. Our results demonstrate that Haloarchaea and AOA dominate topsoil archaeal communities. As hypothesized, Haloarchaea and AOA show strong niche differentiation associated with two ecosystem types mainly found in China's drylands (i.e. deserts vs. grasslands), and they differ in the degree of habitat specialization. The relative abundance and richness of Haloarchaea are higher in deserts due to specialization to relatively high soil salinity and extreme climates, while those of AOA are greater in grassland soils. Our results further indicate a divergence in ecological processes underlying the segregated distributions of Haloarchaea and AOA. Haloarchaea are governed primarily by environmental‐based processes while the more generalist AOA are assembled mostly via spatial‐based processes. Our findings add to existing knowledge of large‐scale biogeography of topsoil archaea, advancing our predictive understanding on changes in topsoil archaeal communities in a drier world.
Private spanner in public works? The corrosive effects of private insurance on public life
Authors: Hadziabdic Sinisa , Kohl Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContemporary societies are not only “risk societies”, but also insurance societies. While the shift of systemic risks from the community to the individual is a distinctive trait of modernity, research on the consequences of this process has focused almost exclusively on welfare state responses aimed at re‐collectivizing societal risks. Individual‐level reactions associated with the need for a private safety net against the uncertainty brought by risk societies have been largely overlooked. What happens to a society and its individuals when private insurance becomes commonplace? Focusing on Germany, we use the data of the German Socio‐Economic Panel (1984–2018) to investigate the attitudinal antecedents and consequences of contracting private insurance. As one of the most important sources of private welfare, life insurance attracts risk‐averse individuals who are highly concerned with public economic affairs and see the market‐based solutions of conservative parties as the best way to safeguard their economic security. While short‐term attitudinal effects are absent, a longitudinal approach reveals that becoming insured gradually increases economic security but also entails withdrawal from public life and aversion to parties that support social redistribution. The loss of dynamism of a society may thus be related not only to public welfare but also to a private institution at the heart of the financial markets, which moreover has privatizing, welfare‐eroding effects. The paper argues for a more general sociology of insurance.
The frequency of sodium hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment: an observational clinical study
Authors: Özdemir O , Hazar E , Koçak S , Sağlam BC , Koçak MM 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the frequency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) extrusion and evaluate the outcome of the injury.MethodsA total of 1123 teeth indicated root canal treatment were included. An open‐ended needle was used during/after the instrumentation. Acute burning pain during irrigation was considered as NaOCl extrusion. Negative aspiration was applied for patients with extrusion, and appropriate treatment was planned due to the symptoms. The number of patients who experienced extrusion and symptoms were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), at P < 0.05, was used to compare the data groups.ResultsNaOCl extrusion rate was found at 0.89%, and the injury with swelling that differential diagnosis of NaOCl accident caused by extrusion rate was 0.18%. The most common findings besides acute pain, as a sign of extrusion (n = 10), were accompanying apical bleeding (n = 6) and swelling (n = 2). According to the number of visits, a significant correlation was found between the symptoms (P = 0.010). No serious injury such as a neurological sign, tissue necrosis or trismus occurred in any patient.ConclusionsDemographic characteristics of the patients and preoperative condition of teeth were not related to NaOCl extrusion. The increasing number of visits may affect the probability of an accident. Negative aspiration immediately may be crucial in preventing severe injuries.
The socioeconomic gradient in mortality from ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer in Australian women, 2001–2018: A population‐based study
Authors: Gregory James , Foster Leon , O'Shaughnessy Pauline , Robson Stephen J. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSocio‐economic (SE) status is closely linked to health status and the mechanisms of this association are complex. One important adverse effect of SE disadvantage is vulnerability to cancer and cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia.AimsWe aimed to estimate the effect of SE status on mortality rates from ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer.Materials and MethodsNational mortality data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) for the calendar years from 2001 to 2018, inclusive. Individual deaths were grouped by the ABS Index of Relative Socio‐economic Advantage and Disadvantage. Population data were obtained to provided denominators allowing calculation of mortality rates (deaths per 100 000 women aged 30–79 years). Statistical analyses performed included tabulating point‐estimates of mortality rates and their changes over time and modelling the trends of rates using maximum likelihood method.ResultsAge‐standardised mortality rates for ovarian and cervical cancer fell over the study period but increased for endometrial cancer. There was clear evidence of a SE gradient in the mortality rate for all three cancers. This SE gradient increased over the study period for ovarian and cervical cancer but remained unchanged for endometrial cancer.ConclusionsWomen at greater SE disadvantage have higher rates of death from the commonest gynaecological cancers and this gradient has not reduced over the last two decades. After the COVID‐19 pandemic efforts must be redoubled to ensure that Australians already at risk of ill health do not face even greater risks because of their circumstances.
Mindful methodologies: Some limitations and concerns
Authors: Asker Chloe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper will offer reflections on the ways in which mindfulness has been presented as a potential research methodology in geography. I pick up from previous work that explored the utility of mindfulness to non‐representational research methodologies, particularly regarding the ways in which mindfulness might allow us to attend to affect and more‐than‐rational knowledges. However, in this paper, I trouble the use of mindfulness as a methodology in non‐representational work. I argue that geographers need to be careful about the use of mindfulness as a methodology and would prefer to think of the ways that mindfulness might inflect our research practice. This point is developed through three main concerns. The first is the ways that mindfulness is narrated as a perceived ‘fix’ to the rationality of Western academic thought. This reinforces dualisms between Anglo‐European academic knowledge as modern, disenchanted and rational, and traditional ‘non‐Western’ or indigenous vernacular or spiritual knowledge as non‐rational and enchanted. The second concern is in regard to the universalisation of a mindful sensibility in mainstream understandings of mindfulness. I attend to the ways that processes of universalisation signal the whiteness of the movement and the ways the practice has been transmitted across contexts, cultures and institutions—a possible reason for the burgeoning methodological interest in mindfulness. Finally, this paper attends to ethics of care when using mindfulness as a methodology. Here, I focus on the ways that the pedagogical tenets of mindfulness could potentially open up participants to experiences of trauma and vulnerability. As a way forward, I advocate for a trauma‐sensitive approach to mindful methodologies.
Youth and family engagement in childhood disability evidence syntheses: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Lucy , Micsinszki Samantha K. , Goulet‐Barteaux Michelle , Gilman Christina , Phoenix Michelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWithin the last decade, stakeholder engagement in research has become increasingly popular in childhood disability research; however, literature on the engagement of youth with neurodisabilities and their families in evidence syntheses is underdeveloped. Involving patients as partners in research has the potential to improve applicability and relevance of the research and benefit patient partners (e.g. enhanced self‐esteem, increased research knowledge and skills); however, the methods, challenges, outcomes and recommendations of engaging youth with neurodisabilities and their families in evidence syntheses are unknown. Two parents of youth with complex disability needs were engaged as partners throughout this review. Following methods outlined by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), the primary research question in this scoping review is twofold: (i) what activities have youth with neurodisabilities and their families been engaged in as part of evidence syntheses and (ii) what were the outcomes of that engagement? After full text review of 369 articles, nine articles were included. Youth and families were engaged prior to the evidence synthesis and at every stage in the project, most often during data analysis where they contextualized the findings. Youth and family engagement were not formally evaluated; however, positive outcomes were reported by parents and researchers. Challenges such as increased time, sustaining engagement, and parents' dissatisfaction with their level of involvement were reported. Recommendations centred around providing partners with information, building relationships via social media, and openly communicating about roles, feedback and logistics. Childhood disability researchers should be aware of how they can increase engagement opportunities at all stages of evidence syntheses and how they might improve accessibility for youth with neurodisabilities and their families. Further research is needed to solidify a unified framework for conduct and reporting of youth and family engagement in evidence syntheses.
Quality matters: International standards for biobanking
Authors: Dagher Georges 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman biospecimens provide the basis for research, leading to a better understanding of human disease biology and discovery of new treatments that are tailored to individual patients with cancer or other common complex diseases. The collection, processing, preservation, storage and providing access to these resources are key activities of biobanks. Biobanks must ensure proper quality of samples and data, ethical and legal compliance as well as transparent and efficient access procedures. The standards for biobanking outlined herein are intended to be implemented in biobanks and to supply researchers with high‐quality samples fitted for an intended use.
Resource use of crucian carp along a lake productivity gradient is related to body size, predation risk, and resource competition
Authors: de Meo Ilaria , Østbye Kjartan , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Hayden Brian , Magnus Marius , Poléo Antonio B. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeneralist fish species can feed on a wide resource spectrum and across trophic levels depending on resource availability and trophic interactions. Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) represents a good candidate species to investigate variation in the trophic ecology of generalist fish as it can be found in highly variable fish communities and its resource use is well documented. In this study, we explored the trophic ecology of crucian carp at the individual and population levels using stable isotope and gut content analysis. We tested if trophic resource use varied according to lake productivity, predation risk, intra‐ and interspecific competition, or individual fish size. We found that crucian carp resource preference was highly variable among and within lakes. In predator‐free lakes, small crucian carp occurred in high densities, showed increased interindividual specialisation, and relied mainly on pelagic zooplankton. In presence of predators, large crucian carp occurred in low densities and included greater proportions of benthic macroinvertebrates in their diet. This shift in resource use was further favoured in productive, shallow lakes where littoral prey were probably abundant. Resource partitioning was an important factor determining crucian carp niche use, as fish had higher trophic position in absence of other cyprinids. Crucian carp showed highly dynamic resource use and food preferences in response to variable environmental conditions. Overlooking complex diet preferences of generalist fish may lead to an oversimplification of freshwater community dynamics.
The amnestic syndrome of posterior cerebral artery infarction
Authors: Benke Thomas , Bodner Thomas , Wiesen Daniel , Karnath Hans‐Otto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeLittle is known about the character and underlying lesions of ischaemic amnesia. Episodic memory functions and brain lesions were therefore studied in 84 patients with acute ischaemic infarcts in the supply territory of the posterior cerebral artery. The aim was also to learn how the neural memory systems are organized.MethodsStandard neuropsychological tests were used to assess verbal and figural memory. Patients were split into memory‐impaired and memory‐intact groups. Lesions were demarcated, normalized and anatomically labelled, using standard mapping procedures.ResultsOf the 84 patients more than 80% had an amnestic syndrome, mostly with combined memory impairment, less often with figural or verbal memory impairment. Amnesia in subjects with left hemispheric lesions was more frequent and more severe, with significantly lower scores on the verbal memory test. Normal performance or figural amnesia were prevalent after right hemispheric lesions. However, no amnesia subtype was strictly tied to left‐ or right‐sided brain damage. Hippocampal and thalamic lesions were common, but 30% of lesions were extrahippocampal located in the ventral occipito‐temporal cortex and long occipital white matter tracts. Most amnestic patients lacked awareness for their memory impairment.ConclusionsMemory impairment is a key clinical manifestation of acute posterior cerebral artery stroke. Amnesia is more frequent and more severe after left stroke, suggesting a left hemisphere dominance of the two memory systems. Domain specific memory appears not to be strictly lateralized, since deficits in verbal and figural memory were found after lesions of both sides. Extrahippocampal lesions may also cause memory impairment.
Evaluation of local stress‐based fatigue strength assessment methods for cover plates and T‐joints subjected to axial and bending loading
Authors: Zhu Jinchao , Barsoum Imad , Barsoum Zuheir , Khurshid Mansoor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to find suitable fatigue assessment methods for welded structures (cover plates and T‐joints) subjected to axial and bending loading. The Hot Spot Stress (HSS), 1‐mm stress (OM), Theory of Critical Distances (TCD), Stress Averaging (SA), and Effective Notch Stress (ENS) methods are evaluated in terms of accuracy and reliability. The evaluation is based on fatigue test data extracted from the literature and carried out in this study. It is found that the SA method can be used to assess the fatigue strength of cover plate joints under axial loading with relatively good accuracy and low scatter, followed by the ENS method. The HSS, TCD, SA, and ENS methods are conservative estimation methods for T‐joints under bending, while the accuracy is low. Furthermore, fatigue design curves applicable for T‐joints under bending are discussed, which can be used in the TCD method and SA method.
The buffering capacity of single amino acids in brewing wort
Authors: Ribeiro‐Filho Normando , Ayed Charfedinne , Akepach Patchaniya 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBuffering capacity (BC) is one of the important quality parameters of wort. In this study, the effect of single amino acids on brewing wort pH and its influence in wort BC were investigated. A beer sweet wort (BSW) was used as a control. A synthetic sweet wort (SSW) and synthetic sweet wort without amino acids (SSWNA) were prepared for a general comparison due to its absence of peptides. BC was conducted by the addition of hydrochloric acid. Results showed that a BSW and a SSW differed in their BC because SSW did not contain small peptides/peptides/polypeptides; SSWNA lost its BC severely due to its absence of nitrogenous compounds. Among all amino acids, arginine, and glutamic acid presented a higher influence in initial pH. However, aspartic acid wort demonstrated the best BC; therefore, this amino acid can be used to control the BC of brewers wort.