bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultralight Iontronic Triboelectric Mechanoreceptor with High Specific Outputs for Epidermal Electronics
Authors: Wang Hai Lu , Guo Zi Hao , Pu Xiong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pursuit to mimic skin exteroceptive ability has motivated the endeavors for epidermal artificial mechanoreceptors. Artificial mechanoreceptors are required to be highly sensitive to capture imperceptible skin deformations and preferably to be self-powered, breathable, lightweight and deformable to satisfy the prolonged wearing demands. It is still struggling to achieve these traits in single device, as it remains difficult to minimize device architecture without sacrificing the sensitivity or stability. In this article, we present an all-fiber iontronic triboelectric mechanoreceptor (ITM) to fully tackle these challenges, enabled by the high-output mechano-to-electrical energy conversion. The proposed ITM is ultralight, breathable and stretchable and is quite stable under various mechanical deformations. On the one hand, the ITM can achieve a superior instantaneous power density; on the other hand, the ITM shows excellent sensitivity serving as epidermal sensors. Precise health status monitoring is readily implemented by the ITM calibrating by detecting vital signals and physical activities of human bodies. The ITM can also realize acoustic-to-electrical conversion and distinguish voices from different people, and biometric application as a noise dosimeter is demonstrated. The ITM therefore is believed to open new sights in epidermal electronics and skin prosthesis fields.
Zugewanderte Erwerbstätige in der betrieblichen Weiterbildung: Befunde aus dem AES-Migra
Authors: Reiter Sara 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie berufliche Qualifizierung von Erwerbstätigen findet überwiegend im Rahmen der betrieblichen Weiterbildung statt. Dabei ist der Zugang zu betrieblicher Weiterbildung ungleich verteilt. Der Beitrag untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund die Teilnahme von zugewanderten Erwerbstätigen an betrieblicher Weiterbildung auf Grundlage der Daten des AES-Migra 2016 (Erhebung zum Weiterbildungsverhalten von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund). Unter Rückgriff auf bildungsökonomische und segmentationstheoretische Ansätze wird geprüft, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen migrationsbezogenen Faktoren (Aufenthaltsstatus, Deutschkenntnisse, Herkunft/Anerkennung von Berufsabschlüssen) und der Weiterbildungsteilnahme besteht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass unter Berücksichtigung von Merkmalen des Erwerbskontextes die migrationsbezogenen Prädiktoren der Teilnahme an statistischer Bedeutung verlieren.
The Contributions of Muscle and Machine Work to Land and Labor Productivity in World Agriculture Since 1800
Authors: Steenwyk Paul , Heun Matthew Kuperus , Brockway Paul , Sousa Tânia , Henriques Sofia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince 1800, there have been enormous changes in mechanical technologies farmers use and in the relative contributions of human and animal muscles and machines to farm work. We develop a database from 1800 to 2012 of on-farm physical work in world agriculture from muscles and machines. We do so to analyze how on-farm physical work has contributed to changes in land and human labor productivities. We find two distinct periods. First, from 1800 to around 1950, land productivity (measured as kcal food supply per hectare of cropland) was relatively stagnant at about 1.7 million kcal/ha, in part due to a scarcity of on-farm physical work. During this period, physical work was scarce because most of on-farm physical work (approximately 80% in 1950) was being powered by low power, low energy efficiency muscle work provided by humans and draft animals. From 1950 to 2012, land productivity nearly tripled as more machine-based work inputs became available. The additional machine-based work inputs have contributed to the growth in land and labor productivities, as they have enabled farmers to control more physical work enabling more irrigation and agrochemical applications. However, the tripling of land productivity has required a near 4.5-fold increase in physical work per hectare, suggesting diminishing returns. Farmers accomplished this extra work with less final energy because they transitioned from low-efficiency muscle work to high-efficiency machines which drove farm-wide energy conversion efficiency up fourfold from 1950 to 2012. By 1990, machine conversion efficiencies started to plateau. Given diminishing returns and plateauing efficiencies, we predict that fuel and electricity usage on farms will increase to continue raising land productivity.
Lokale, (über)regionale und (trans)nationale Vergesellschaftung einer Kleinstadtbevölkerung in Bolivien. Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zu einem Forschungsprojekt, das die Weiterwanderung russlanddeutscher BaptistInnen als Ausgangspunkt hat
Authors: Flack Anna 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungGegenstand des Erkenntnisinteresses des geplanten PostDoc-Projekts sind die sozialen Netzwerke und die Vergesellschaftungspraktiken der BewohnerInnen einer multiethnisch geprägten Kleinstadt in Bolivien. Sie wurde in den vergangenen zwei Dekaden auch das Migrationsziel russlanddeutscher BaptistInnen aus Deutschland, die sich in einer relativ homogenen Nachbarschaft ansiedelten. Während die einen eher aus beruflich-ökonomischen Gründen auswanderten, waren die anderen vorwiegend religiös-missionarisch motiviert. In welchen Lebensbereichen interagieren die verschiedenen KleinstadtbewohnerInnen inwiefern miteinander? Inwiefern bestehen soziale Beziehungen über die lokale Ebene hinaus? Wie wirken sich die jeweiligen sozialen Netzwerke auf die Vergesellschaftung in der Kleinstadt und über sie hinaus aus? Im Zentrum dieser konzeptionellen Überlegungen stehen zum einen die kritische Diskussion und Modifikation des Transnationalismus-Konzepts zwecks theoretischer Einbettung. Zum anderen werden Überlegungen nicht nur zu einer Überwindung des methodologischen Nationalismus, sondern auch zu einer Entmigrantisierung der Migrationsforschung erörtert und auf das geplante Projekt übertragen. Anstatt für die qualitative Forschung AkteurInnen entlang migrantischer, ethnischer oder religiöser Kategorien auszuwählen, sollen konkrete lokale Begegnungsorte als Ausgangspunkt für eine möglichst breite Akteursgewinnung dienen.
Postdigital Applied Systems Science Education: Toward an Integral Framework, Curriculum, and Pedagogy
Authors: Hogan Michael , Harney Owen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe design of systems to support sustainable wellbeing is contingent upon lifespan education ofHomo sapiensand ongoing efforts to cultivate individual and collective intelligence. The Postdigital Applied Systems Science Education (PASSE) framework presented in this paper highlights the need for greater investment in educational infrastructures that support the development of collective intelligence, teamwork, and system design skills. We propose that the implementation of PASSE involves group- and project-based work focused on developing (1) an understanding of systems, (2) an understanding of group dynamics relevant to the management and design of systems, and (3) skill in the application of applied systems science methods that can be used by groups in the management and redesign of systems. To showcase curricular and pedagogical challenges and opportunities, we describe key features of our current delivery of PASSE along with future plans and prospects. Aligned with postdigital perspectives and innovations at the nexus of biology, information, and society, we highlight the potential for ongoing redesign of educational infrastructures and technologies that enhance societal teamwork and system design capabilities that allow us to address increasingly complex societal challenges.
Why do we need agent-based macroeconomics?
Authors: Cincotti Silvano , Raberto Marco , Teglio Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe are entering the third decade of the twenty-first century with profound uncertainties and crucial challenges for the world economy. Phenomena like climate change, digital transformation, migration, demographic changes, and the ongoing COVID pandemic need to be understood and promptly addressed. We argue that the agent-based approach in economics is well suited to tackle these topics, because of its capacity to integrate the “micro” and “macro” dimensions by modelling the network of interactions among heterogeneous economic agents and their aggregate outcomes. This paper explains why the agent-based methodology is needed to overcome the limitations of the neoclassical approach in economics, which has not been able to properly address those challenges. To do so, the paper retraces the main stages of the scientific evolution in a general historical and epistemological perspective, showing how the paradigm of reductionism, which led to extraordinary advances after the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, is less effective when addressing the main challenges ahead. On the other hand, the sciences of chaos theory and complex systems can provide the economic discipline with more suitable instruments to face those challenges. Finally, the paper briefly presents the contributions of the special issue, which use applications of agent-based models to study the main problems of our times.
Der Beitrag des Freizeitsports zur Identitätsbildung junger, männlicher Strafgefangener
Authors: Bahlo Marvin , Bahlke Steffen , Wicker Pamela , Gröben Bernd , Dransmann Milan 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welchen Beitrag der Freizeitsport zur Identitätsbildung junger, männlicher Strafgefangener leistet. Mittels leitfadengestützter Interviews werden die subjektiven Bedeutungen einer Teilhabe an Sportangeboten untersucht, um deren Stellenwert für Identitätsaufbau und -stabilisierung und damit für die Bewältigung des Gefängnisalltages abschätzen zu können. Die Befunde zeigen die große Bedeutung des Sports für die jungen Straftäter, der neben Anerkennungserfahrungen und einem Gefühl von Zugehörigkeit vor allem auch Gelegenheiten bereithält, sich als selbstbestimmt handelndes Subjekt wahrzunehmen. Allerdings zeichnet sich vereinzelt eine Orientierung an problematisch erscheinenden Männlichkeitsvorstellungen ab, was die subjektive Auslegung des Sinns des eigenen Sporttreibens einschränkt und daher auch dem angezielten Resozialisierungsprozess zuwiderlaufen könnte.
Status on lattice calculations of the proton spin decomposition
Authors: Liu Keh-Fei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLattice calculations of the proton spin components is reviewed. The lattice results of the quark spin from the axial-vector current matrix element at ∼ 0.3−0.4 is smaller than those from the constituent quark models. This is largely due to the fact that the vacuum polarization contribution from the disconnected insertion is negative. Its connection with the anomalous Ward identity is clarified and verified numerically. This resolves the contentious issue in the “proton spin crisis.” The glue spin and angular momentum are found to be large and there is notable contribution from the quark orbital angular momentum. Renormalization, mixing, and normalization of the quark and glue angular momenta are discussed. With sufficient precision, they can be compared with more precise experimental measurements when the electron-ion collider facility is available.
Grothendieck–Serre in the quasi-split unramified case
Authors: Česnavičius Kęstutis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Grothendieck–Serre conjecture predicts that every generically trivial torsor under a reductive group schemeGover a regular local ringRis trivial. We settle it in the case whenGis quasi-split andRis unramified. Some of the techniques that allow us to overcome obstacles that have so far kept the mixed characteristic case out of reach include a version of Noether normalization over discrete valuation rings, as well as a suitable presentation lemma for smooth relative curves in mixed characteristic that facilitates passage to the relative affine line via excision and patching.
Side effects associated with organizational interventions: A perspective
Authors: Watts Logan L. , Gray Bradley E. , Medeiros Kelsey E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrawing on examples from published research, the authors offer a perspective on the side effects that are associated with organizational interventions. This perspective is framed in the context of the many hard-won positive influences that industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists have had on individuals, groups, organizations, and social institutions over the last century. With a few exceptions, we argue that side effects tend to receive less attention from I-O psychology researchers and practitioners than they deserve. A systematic approach to studying, monitoring, and advertising side effects is needed to better understand their causes, consequences, and the contexts in which they are most likely to emerge. The purpose of this piece is to stimulate conversations within the field about the phenomenon of side effects as well as what might be done to improve our science and practice in this domain.
Dickens in Chol
Authors: Rodríguez Lydia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines differences in gesture production in narrative contexts between American and Chol Mayan speakers at the narrative, metanarrative, and paranarrative levels of discourse, as well as differences in the production of linear temporal gestures. First, a comparison is made between the gestures produced by speakers of American English and Chol, a Western Maya language, as they tell the story of A Christmas Carol to an interviewer. The study shows a dire contrast between the American and Chol interpretation of this classic novel, and notable differences in the speech-accompanying gestures used by Americans and Chol Mayans respectively. American speakers’ temporal utterances are often accompanied by the well-documented lateral timeline gestures, where earlier events are located to the left of the gestural space, and later events are located to the right of the gestural space. By contrast, in Chol utterances no lateral, sagittal, or vertical timeline gestures accompany any form of temporal reference; the vast majority of gestures co-occur with metanarrative and paranarrative statements and have no explicit temporal content. The second part of the study analyzes the gestures made by a Chol speaker while telling a traditional story. A qualitative analysis of this traditional narrative shows that, when telling a story of the Chol tradition that is well known to the speaker, pragmatically-motivated gestures that occur at the metanarrative and paranarrative levels are much fewer than gestures occurring at the narrative level. In this traditional narrative, the gestures co-occurring with sequential, deictic temporal expressions and temporal metaphors did not reflect any kind of timeline that resembled those made by the American speakers in the Dickens in Chol task.
The picture looks like my music sounds: directional preferences in synesthetic metaphors in the absence of lexical factors
Authors: Fishman Alon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn extensive literature going back three quarters of a century holds that metaphorical mappings between sensory domains conform to a hierarchy of the senses, such that mappings from ‘low’ senses (touch, taste) to ‘high’ senses (sight, sound) are preferred over mappings in the opposite direction. Recent work has established that these directional preferences are partially explained by lexical factors. Theorists have also proposed that perceptual factors play a role in directional preferences, but without testing these factors directly and without controlling for the established effects of lexical factors. This article uses a novel construction, the verbal analogy (e.g., The picture looks like my music sounds), to explore directional preferences while controlling for several crucial lexical factors. A naturalness rating experiment reveals local directional preferences, for mappings between touch and sound and between sight and sound. The experiment finds no evidence for a general preference for mappings in either direction of the purported hierarchy of the senses, suggesting that pervious empirical findings may have been mediated by the effects of lexical factors.
‘You can’t do politics without money’: female politicians, matronage, and the limits of gender quotas in Kenya
Authors: Kilimo Miriam Jerotich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2010, Kenya introduced a gender quota to boost women’s political representation. The quota mandated that a single gender should not hold more than two-thirds of elective and appointive positions in public bodies. When few women won seats in elections in 2013 and 2017, political parties fulfilled the gender quota by nominating hundreds of women as members of county assemblies (MCAs). Drawing on fieldwork conducted in 2019 in one of Kenya’s county assemblies, this article shows how nominated female MCAs participate in transactional relationships with the public. Like male politicians, they are often called on to contribute to fundraisers and to meet the needs of constituents. Female politicians also accompany their giving with political rhetoric in support of female leadership. I argue that, through their giving, female politicians use money as a tool to champion women’s political leadership. Their matronage – a term I use in lieu of patronage to emphasize the role of women in transactional relationships – ultimately shows how gender quota legislation can go only so far in increasing women’s political representation. Instead, political actors also rely on informal mechanisms in order to achieve gender equality in politics.
Distribution and conservation status of the golden monkeyCercopithecus mitis kandtiin Rwanda
Authors: Tuyisingize Deogratias , Kaplin Beth A. , Eckardt Winnie , Musana Abel , Caillaud Damien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to primate populations globally. The Endangered golden monkeyCercopithecus mitis kandtiis only found in two small forest fragments: the Virunga massif in Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Gishwati Forest in Rwanda. Little is known about the abundance and distribution of this subspecies, or threats to its survival. During 2007–2018, we collected data along 893.7 km of line transects and 354.2 km of recce trails in Volcanoes National Park and in Gishwati–Mukura National Park to estimate golden monkey density and examine any threats. In Volcanoes National Park, golden monkeys were found almost exclusively in the bamboo zone, and in Gishwati–Mukura National Park they occurred only in the remnant tropical montane Gishwati Forest. In Volcanoes National Park, density was estimated to be 7.89 (95% CI: 3.85–16.19), 5.41 (2.64–11.08), and 5.47 (3.68–8.14) groups per km2in 2007, 2011 and 2017–2018, respectively. This corresponds to a total of 4,331 individuals (95% CI: 2,723–5,938) in 2007, 4,487 (2,903–6,071) in 2011 and 4,626 (4,165–5,088) in 2017–2018. In Gishwati Forest, group density averaged 1.98 (95% CI: 1.27–3.16) per km2, corresponding to 172 (95% CI: 154–190) individuals in 2017–2018. Survey results from Volcanoes National Park suggest that the golden monkey population has been stable during 2007–2018. Limited habitat, illegal activities such as harvesting of bamboo and firewood, and the presence of feral dogs, threaten the golden monkey in Rwanda and require continued monitoring. The development of a conservation action plan is a priority to protect this species.
Anhedonia as a transdiagnostic symptom across psychological disorders: a network approach
Authors: Guineau Melissa G. , Ikani N. , Rinck M. , Collard R. M. , van Eijndhoven P. , Tendolkar I. , Schene A. H. , Becker E. S. , Vrijsen J. N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnhedonia is apparent in different mental disorders and is suggested to be related to dysfunctions in the reward system and/or affect regulation. It may hence be a common underlying feature associated with symptom severity of mental disorders.MethodsWe constructed a cross-sectional graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) network and a relative importance network to estimate the relationships between anhedonia severity and the severity of symptom clusters of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety sensitivity (AS), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a sample of Dutch adult psychiatric patients (N = 557).ResultsBoth these networks revealed anhedonia severity and depression symptom severity as central to the network. Results suggest that anhedonia severity may be predictive of the severity of symptom clusters of MDD, AS, ADHD, and ASD. MDD symptom severity may be predictive of AS and ADHD symptom severity.ConclusionsThe results suggest that anhedonia may serve as a common underlying transdiagnostic psychopathology feature, predictive of the severity of symptom clusters of depression, AS, ADHD, and ASD. Thus, anhedonia may be associated with the high comorbidity between these symptom clusters and disorders. If our results will be replicated in future studies, it is recommended for clinicians to be more vigilant about screening for anhedonia and/or depression severity in individuals diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, ADHD and/or ASD.
Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked (ICON) Science to Advance the Geosciences: Introduction and Synthesis of a Special Collection of Commentary Articles
Authors: Goldman A. E. , Emani S. R. , Pérez‐Angel L. C. , Rodríguez‐Ramos J. A. , Stegen J. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sciences struggle to integrate across disciplines, coordinate across data generation and modeling activities, produce connected open data, and build strong networks to engage stakeholders within and beyond the scientific community. The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is divided into 25 sections intended to encompass the breadth of the geosciences. Here, we introduce a special collection of commentary articles spanning 19 AGU sections on challenges and opportunities associated with the use of ICON science principles. These principles focus on research intentionally designed to be Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked (ICON) with the goal of maximizing mutual benefit (among stakeholders) and cross‐system transferability of science outcomes. This article (a) summarizes the ICON principles; (b) discusses the crowdsourced approach to creating the collection; (c) explores insights from across the articles; and (d) proposes steps forward. There were common themes among the commentary articles, including broad agreement that the benefits of using ICON principles outweigh the costs, but that using ICON principles has important risks that need to be understood and mitigated. It was also clear that the ICON principles are not monolithic or static, but should instead be considered a heuristic tool that can and should be modified to meet changing needs. As a whole, the collection is intended as a resource for scientists pursuing ICON science and represents an important inflection point in which the geosciences community has come together to offer insights into ICON principles as a unified approach for improving how science is done across the geosciences and beyond.