bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARMs: een nieuw gezondheidsprobleem in fitness en bodybuilding
Authors: Koert Willem , Zwaagstra Mariël , Nagtegaal Patricia , van der Kooij Leendert , Terlouw Koen , Duiven Erik 
Published: January 2022

SamenvattingIn het Nederlandse fitness- en sportschoolmilieu wint een nieuwe groep dopingmiddelen snel aan populariteit. In het jargon van de sporters in dit circuit heten ze SARMs, een afkorting voor Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators. SARMs zijn experimentele middelen die spiergroei en vetverlies moeten bewerkstelligen, die nog in de ontwikkelingsfase zijn, nog niet zijn goedgekeurd voor gebruik door artsen, maar al wel vrijelijk verkrijgbaar zijn via webwinkels. SARMs zijn verboden in de sport en staan op de dopinglijst. De farmabedrijven die deze stoffen hebben ontwikkeld, hebben in een aantal gevallen hun trials stopgezet nadat er zorgwekkende bijwerkingen aan het licht kwamen. Desondanks bieden wereldwijd honderden webwinkels deze experimentele middelen aan, en vertellen diverse ‘experts’ op sociale media dat SARMs volstrekt veilig zijn. De verkrijgbaarheid van deze middelen geeft aanleiding tot zorg.
Development and implementation of a software for wire arc additive manufacturing preprocessing planning: trajectory planning and machine code generation
Authors: Ferreira Rafael Pereira , Vilarinho Louriel Oliveira , Scotti Américo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo overcome a shortage of flexible and low-cost solutions for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) preprocessing, this work’s objective was to develop and validate an in-house computational programme in an open-source environment for WAAM preprocessing planning. Algorithms for reading STL (stereolithography) files and implementing rotation, slicing, trajectory planning, and machine code generation were elaborated and implemented in the Scilab environment (free and open-source). A graphical interface was developed to facilitate user interaction, with 5 options for path planning. The functionality of each work step is detailed. For validation of the software, single and multiple-layer prints, with different geometrical complexity and printing challenges, were built in a CNC table geared by the generated machine code. The validation criteria were deposition imperfection, morphological, and dimensional tolerances. The outputs showed that the parts were successfully printed. Therefore, this work demonstrates that Scilab provides the necessary resources for companies and universities to implement and/or develop algorithms for planning and generating trajectories for WAAM. Moreover, emerging ideas can be reasonably easily implemented in such software, not always possible in commercial packages.
PRISED tangle: a privacy-aware framework for smart healthcare data sharing using IOTA tangle
Authors: Abdullah Sidrah , Arshad Junaid , Khan Muhammad Mubashir , Alazab Mamoun , Salah Khaled 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHealthcare has evolved significantly in recent years primarily due to the advancements in and increasing adoption of technology in healthcare processes such as data collection, storage, diagnostics, and treatment. The emergence of the industrial internet of things (IIoT) has further evolved e-Health by facilitating the development of connected healthcare systems which can significantly improve data connectivity, visibility, and interoperability leading to improved quality of service delivered to patients. However, such technological advancements come with their perils—there are growing concerns with regards to the security and privacy of healthcare data especially when collected, shared, and processed using cutting-edge connected sensor devices affecting the adoption of next-generation e-healthcare systems. In particular, during the front-end and back-end data transfer in health information exchange (HIE) there exist a security risk in term of confidentiality, integrity, authentication and access control of the data due to the limited capabilities of IoT devices involved. In this paper, we investigate the use of distributed ledger technologies (DLT) to address such security concerns for emerging healthcare systems. In particular, we use masked authenticated messaging (MAM) over theTangleto achieve secure data sharing within a healthcare system and provide a proof-of-concept of applying the proposed approach for securing healthcare data in a connected IIoT environment. Further, we have performed the evaluation and analysis of data communication against the metrics of encryption and efficiency in transaction time.
Feature dimensionality reduction: a review
Authors: Jia Weikuan , Sun Meili , Lian Jian , Hou Sujuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs basic research, it has also received increasing attention from people that the “curse of dimensionality” will lead to increase the cost of data storage and computing; it also influences the efficiency and accuracy of dealing with problems. Feature dimensionality reduction as a key link in the process of pattern recognition has become one hot and difficulty spot in the field of pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining. It is one of the most challenging research fields, which has been favored by most of the scholars’ attention. How to implement “low loss” in the process of feature dimension reduction, keep the nature of the original data, find out the best mapping and get the optimal low dimensional data are the keys aims of the research. In this paper, two-dimensionality reduction methods, feature selection and feature extraction, are introduced; the current mainstream dimensionality reduction algorithms are analyzed, including the method for small sample and method based on deep learning. For each algorithm, examples of their application are given and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are evaluated.
The impact of informal settlement on water quality of Diep River in Dunoon
Authors: Gqomfa Babalwa , Maphanga Thabang , Shale Karabo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater quality is declining due to the rise of urbanization, overpopulation, industrial production, climate change, non-compliance of wastewater treatment plants, and agricultural waste. The mushrooming of informal settlements along the bank of the Diep River due to population growth in Dunoon compromises the quality of water. Inadequate sanitation and waste disposal practices in the Dunoon informal settlement are a major problem, leading to the contamination of water resources. This research aimed to investigate the impact of Dunoon informal settlement on the Diep River water quality. Water samples were collected for 4 months from four sites of the river to cover the spatial distribution. The laboratory determined the concentrations of nitrates, phosphates, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and E. coli, while the field study used a multiparameter reader to determine turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. The results were compared with the South African water quality guidelines for irrigation, recreation, and aquatic ecosystems, and South African National Standards. The study revealed that the average concentrations of E. coli, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia exceeded the recommended limits in both the wet and dry seasons. Based on the findings, the water quality in Diep River is poor and the Dunoon informal settlement has contributed to this to some extent. The pollution of the river may be linked to health problems and environmental degradation. Considering this, the waste discharged into the neighbouring aquatic environments needs to be monitored and managed frequently.
Effect of slab width on choice of appropriate casting speed in steel production
Authors: Merten Daniel Christopher , Hütt Marc-Thorsten , Uygun Yilmaz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn steel continuous casting (CC), the choice of the appropriate speed at which the slab is cast can be influenced by many different factors and phenomena. While the slab thickness seems to have the biggest impact, other features like the slab width have been consistently overlooked. In fact, the slab width practically limits the casting speed via the mass flow constraint which governs the input and output balance at the tundish. Here, we present a case study that aims at analyzing steel production data from the perspective of casting speed constraints. By studying the speed fluctuations of an industrial CC machine, we identify a strategic regime change toward a stricter consideration of the mass flow constraint. The regime change manifests itself in a significant increase in the correlation between the actual casting speed and the maximal speed associated with the mass flow constraint. On the surface, taking greater account of the input and output balance at the tundish has reduced the productivity of the continuous caster; however, one can argue that the lessened yield is compensated by a diminished risk of eventual slab breaking. From the perspective of this trade-off, we establish a visualization technique that enables us to pinpoint the boundary beyond which one strategic regime becomes economically more advantageous than the other.
A stochastic process on a network with connections to Laplacian systems of equations
Authors: Bagchi Amitabha , Gillani Iqra Altaf , Vyavahare Pooja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study an open discrete-time queueing network. We assume data is generated at nodes of the network as a discrete-time Bernoulli process. All nodes in the network maintain a queue and relay data, which is to be finally collected by a designated sink. We prove that the resulting multidimensional Markov chain representing the queue size of nodes has two behavior regimes depending on the value of the rate of data generation. In particular, we show that there is a nontrivial critical value of the data rate below which the chain is ergodic and converges to a stationary distribution and above which it is non-ergodic, i.e., the queues at the nodes grow in an unbounded manner. We show that the rate of convergence to stationarity is geometric in the subcritical regime.
Cell wall and cytoskeletal contributions in single cell biomechanics of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Ginsberg Leah , McDonald Robin , Lin Qinchen , Hendrickx Rodinde , Spigolon Giada , Ravichandran Guruswami , Daraio Chiara , Roumeli Eleftheria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Studies on the mechanics of plant cells usually focus on understanding the effects of turgor pressure and properties of the cell wall (CW). While the functional roles of the underlying cytoskeleton have been studied, the extent to which it contributes to the mechanical properties of cells is not elucidated. Here, we study the contributions of the CW, microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs), in the mechanical properties of Nicotiana tabacum cells. We use a multiscale biomechanical assay comprised of atomic force microscopy and micro-indentation in solutions that (i) remove MTs and AFs and (ii) alter osmotic pressures in the cells. To compare measurements obtained by the two mechanical tests, we develop two generative statistical models to describe the cell’s behaviour using one or both datasets. Our results illustrate that MTs and AFs contribute significantly to cell stiffness and dissipated energy, while confirming the dominant role of turgor pressure.
The narrative of Zaga Christ (Ṣägga Krәstos): the first published African autobiography (1635)
Authors: Salvadore Matteo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the 1630s, a young traveller by the name of Ṣägga Krәstos (1616–38) crisscrossed Italy and France, claiming to be the heir of the late Ethiopian Emperor Yaʿǝqob and pledging to return to Ethiopia at the helm of a Catholic mission. While in Rome, intent on convincing the papacy of his identity, he authored a lengthy autobiographical statement that included a precise dynastic claim, an account of his father’s rise and demise, and an itinerary of his own journey from Ethiopia to Rome. Later, as he continued his journey, Ṣägga Krәstos shared his statement with his European acquaintances; once in Paris, he published it, dedicating it to Anne of Austria, Queen of France. This article sketches the contours of Ṣägga Krәstos’s journey and identity and offers a comprehensive genealogy of the autobiographical statement’s many extant versions. It also discusses the transfiguration that both his reputation and statement underwent after his death. Ṣägga Krәstos’s is the earliest known autobiography voluntarily written and published in Europe by an African-born author. Following this article is a complete annotated translation – the first in the English language – of what is likely to be the earliest extant version of the statement, followed by excerpts from later versions. A complete transcription of the source is available with the online supplementary materials published with this article.
Abolition and the Registration of Slaves and Libertos in Portuguese Mozambique, 1856–76
Authors: Domingues da Silva Daniel B. , Alpers Edward A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeginning in 1856 and ending in 1876, Portuguese colonial authorities in Mozambique registered almost 55,000 enslaved and freed Africans (libertos). The sources for these twinned registration processes are located in the national archives of Portugal and Mozambique. Fragments of the originals survive for only six of the ten districts of the colony, but contemporary copies exist for nearly all districts. Combined, they provide a unique opportunity to understand both the extent of slavery — as opposed to the export slave trade — and the process of abolition in late-nineteenth-century Mozambique. In this article we first describe the registers themselves, then focus on the registration of enslaved and freed Africans, the resistance of slaveholders, and the kinds of information that we can glean from the registers. We also explore the ways in which freed Africans were employed after registration and the extent to which being a liberto implied ‘freedom’. Finally, we consider how the registration led to new laws and policies in Portuguese Africa, opening a new era of European colonialism and imperial expansion.
Psychometric properties of a brief, self-report measure of social inclusion: the F-SIM16
Authors: Filia Kate , Gao Caroline X. , Jackson Henry J. , Menssink Jana , Watson Amity , Gardner Andrew , Cotton Sue M. , Killackey Eóin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
A disproportionate number of people with mental ill-health experience social exclusion. Appropriate measurement tools are required to progress opportunities to improve social inclusion. We have developed a novel measure, the Filia Social Inclusion Measure (F-SIM). Here we aimed to present a more concise, easy-to-use form, while retaining its measurement integrity by (i) refining the F-SIM using traditional and contemporary item-reduction techniques; and (ii) testing the psychometric properties of the reduced measure.

Methods
Five hundred and six participants completed the F-SIM, younger and older groups of people with serious mental illness (including psychosis, mood, anxiety disorders) and same-aged community counterparts. The F-SIM was completed at baseline and 2-week follow-up, alongside other measures (including social inclusion, loneliness). The F-SIM was refined using multidimensional scaling network analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. The psychometric evaluation included assessment of dimensionality, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discriminant ability and construct validity.

Results
The F-SIM was reduced from 135-items to 16; with 4-items in each domain of housing and neighbourhood, finances, employment and education and social participation and relationships. Psychometric properties were sound, including strong internal consistency within domains (all α > 0.85) and excellent overall (α = 0.92). Test–retest reliability was also high (γ = 0.90). Differences between groups were observed; clinical subgroups consistently reported lower levels of social inclusion compared to community counterparts.

Conclusions
The F-SIM16 is a sound, reliable, brief self-report measure of social inclusion suitable for use in clinical and research settings. It has the potential to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, and aid in fostering targeted and personalised needs-based care.
Projections of Freshwater Use in the United States Under Climate Change
Authors: Warziniack Travis , Arabi Mazdak , Brown Thomas C. , Froemke Pamela , Ghosh Rohini , Rasmussen Shaunie , Swartzentruber Ryan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater use in the United States reached its lowest level in 2015 in at least four decades. National trends, however, mask local challenges throughout the U.S. In some places, decreases in surface water use were more than offset by increases in groundwater use, leading to net increases in total withdrawals. Other places have seen increasing rates of water shortages caused by mixes of socioeconomic and climate forces. This study examines recent trends in freshwater use and makes projections in future freshwater use over the next 50 years. Projections are based on socioeconomic and climate scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. Scenarios are paired with five climate models from the downscaled Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA). We find total consumptive water use will decrease by as much as 8% under the best‐case scenario but increase by as much as 235% under the worst‐case scenario. Results depend on both climate and socioeconomic changes, but because agriculture is the dominant use of water in most regions, climate change impacts overwhelm all other factors under hot and dry futures. For the wetter climate models, water use decreases even under the highest emissions levels and highest population growth rates.
Remote Sensing Big Data for Water Environment Monitoring: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Chen Jinyue , Chen Shuisen , Fu Rao , Li Dan , Jiang Hao , Wang Chongyang , Peng Yongshi , Jia Kai , Hicks Brendan J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate water extraction and quantitative estimation of water quality are two key and challenging issues for remote sensing of water environment. Recent advances in remote sensing big data, cloud computing, and machine learning have promoted these two fields into a new era. This study reviews the operating framework and methods of remote sensing big data for water environment monitoring, with emphasis on water extraction and quantitative estimation of water quality. The following aspects were investigated in this study: (a) image data source and model evaluation metrics; (b) state‐of‐the‐art methods for water extraction, including threshold‐based methods, water indices, and machine learning‐based methods; (c) state‐of‐the‐art models for quantitative estimation of water quality, including empirical models, semi‐empirical/semi‐analytical models, and machine learning‐based models; (d) some shortcomings and three challenges of current remote sensing big data for water environment monitoring, namely the new data gap caused by massive heterogeneous data, inefficient water environment monitoring due to “low spatiotemporal resolution,” and low accuracy of water quality estimation models resulting from complex water composition and insufficient atmospheric correction methods for water bodies; and (e) five recommendations to solve these challenges, namely, using cloud computing and emerging sensors/platforms to monitor water changes in intensive time series, establishing models based on ensemble machine learning algorithms, exploring quantitative estimation models of water quality that couple physics and causality, identifying the missing elements in water environment assessments, and developing new governance models to meet the widespread applications of remote sensing of water environment. This review can help provide a potential roadmap and information support for researchers, practitioners, and management departments in the theoretical exploration and innovative application of remote sensing big data for water environment monitoring.
Mobile mammography in New York City: analysis of 32,350 women utilizing a screening mammogram program
Authors: van den Bruele Astrid Botty , Sevilimedu Varadan , Jochelson Maxine , Formenti Silvia , Norton Larry , Sacchini Virgilio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMobile mammography vans (mammovans) may help close the gap to access of breast cancer screening by providing resources to underserved communities. Minimal data exists on the populations served, the ability of mammovans to reach underserved populations, and the outcomes of participants. We sought to determine the demographic characteristics, number of breast cancers diagnosed, and number of women who used the American Italian Cancer Foundation (AICF) Mobile, No-Cost Breast Cancer Screening Program within the five boroughs of New York City. Data were collected by the AICF from 2014 to 2019 on a voluntary basis from participants at each screening location. Women aged 40 to 79 years who had not had a mammogram in the previous 12 months were invited to participate. Each participant underwent a clinical breast exam by a nurse practitioner followed by a screening mammogram. Images were read by a board-certified radiologist contracted by the AICF from Multi Diagnostic Services. There were 32,350 participants in this study. Sixty-three percent reported an annual household income ≤$25,000, and 30% did not have health insurance. More than half of participants identified as either African American (28%) or Hispanic (27%). Additional testing was performed for 5359 women found to have abnormal results on screening. In total, 68 cases of breast cancer were detected. Breast cancer disparities are multifactorial, with the greatest factor being limited access to care. Mobile, no-cost mammogram screening programs show great promise in helping to close the gap to screening access.
Solution process formation of high performance, stable nanostructured transparent metal electrodes via displacement-diffusion-etch process
Authors: Zhang Yaokang , Guo Xuyun , Huang Jiaming , Ren Zhiwei , Hu Hong , Li Peng , Lu Xi , Wu Zhongwei , Xiao Ting , Zhu Ye , Li Gang , Zheng Zijian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransparent electrodes (TEs) with high chemical stability and excellent flexibility are critical for flexible optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. Ultrathin metal electrode (thickness less than 20 nm) has been a promising TE candidate, but the fabrication can only be realized by vacuum-based technologies to date, and require tedious surface engineering of the substrates, which are neither ideal for polymeric based flexible applications nor suitable for roll-to-roll large-scale manufacture. This paper presents high-performance nanostructured transparent metal electrodes formation via displacement–diffusion-etch (DDE) process, which enables the solution-processed sub-20-nm-thick ultrathin gold electrodes (UTAuEs) on a wide variety of hard and soft substrates. UTAuEs fabricated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates show a high chemical/environmental stability and superior bendability to commercial flexible indium–tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes. Moreover, flexible organic solar cells made with UTAuEs show similar power conversion efficiency but much enhanced flexibility, in comparison to that of ITO-based devices.