bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of phosphorus fertiliser use redistribution on crop calorie production and equal availability
Authors: Ma Lin , Bai Zhaohai , Liu Ling , Kroeze Carolien , Maryna Strokal , Chen Xinping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
There are large regional differences in the use of phosphorus (P) in global food production. Likewise, the access of people to food calories and exposure to water pollution differ largely among world regions. Redistribution of P use is needed to meet the planetary boundary (PB) and to improve P-related inequalities. We present a global redistribution of P according to four principles: responsibility, capability, equality and food security, and under strict and loose PB targets. These principles yield contrasting results for the geographical distribution of P fertiliser use, crop calorie production and equal availability. Redistributing P fertiliser use under PB without improvement of P management may pose a threat to global food security: 3–43% of the current global crop calorie production may be threatened. The impact is smaller under the loose PB targets and equality redistribution principle. There is a tradeoff between low crop calorie losses and equal availability for people to crop calories. Overall, the negative impacts on food security could remain limited but would likely be achieved at the cost of increased inequality in per capita food calorie distributions, which implies an increasing need for free international trading of agricultural products.
Prevalence of Tibia Valga Morphology in Valgus Knees and its Implications for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sobhi Salar , Khan Riaz J.K. , Fick Daniel P. , Finsterwald Michael A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
IntroductionTibia valga, an extra-articular valgus deformity of the tibia, is common in valgus knees and can result in component misplacement and early total knee arthroplasty (TKA) failure. However, the prevalence and importance of tibia valga in TKA has been seldom reported. This study aims to describe the prevalence and characteristics of tibia valga morphology in valgus knees and describes implications for surgical planning in primary TKA.MethodsWe prospectively examined pre-operative weightbearing whole-body EOS digital radiographs of patients with knee osteoarthritis listed for TKA between December 2018 and December 2020. Hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA) and tibial morphology with centre of rotation of angulation of tibia (CORA-tibia) were measured and analysed.ResultsIn 830 knees, 253 (30%) and 577 (70%) were classified as valgus and varus respectively. In valgus knees, 89 knees (35%) had tibia valga. Median CORA-tibia was 2.8o (range 0.2-10.9o). Tibia valga knees had no difference in mLDFA, higher HKA (5.0o versus 3.0o, p=0.002) and mMPTA (89.6o versus 88.1o, p<0.01), and lower JLCA (2.1o versus 2.3o, p<0.01) compared to non-tibia valga knees. Tibia valga deformity was weakly positively correlated with valgus HKA (ρ=0.23, p<0.001) and mMPTA (ρ=0.38, p<0.001). In varus knees, there were 52 cases of tibia valga (9%) with median CORA-tibia of 3.0o (range 0.5-5.5o). Tibia valga knees had higher mMPTA (87.0o versus 85.2o, p<0.05) and no difference in HKA, mLDFA and JLCA. CORA-tibia was weakly positively correlated with mMPTA.ConclusionsTibia valga is common in valgus knees, occurring in 35% of this population. Extra-articular tibial rather than distal femoral anatomy contributes most to valgus HKA. To detect the deformity, full leg-length radiographs should be acquired pre-operatively. Intramedullary instrumentation should be used cautiously in knees with tibia valga when performing TKA.
The Impact of Incorporating Lactobacillus Acidophilus Bacteriocin with Inulin and FOS on Yogurt Quality
Authors: Hussien Heba , Abd-Rabou Hagar Saeed , Saad Marwa A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study determined the quality of yogurt fortified with 2% inulin, 2% Fructo-oligo-saccharides (FOS), and Lactobacillus acidophilus with their bacteriocins. The results indicated that coagulation time increased by 3.29–22.75% in yogurts prepared with Lactobacillus acidophilus and their bacteriocins compared to the control also titratable acidity increased gradually in all groups during storage. The sensorial properties showed the superiority of inulin, FOS, and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin groups. Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles, and Lactobacillus acidophilus count increased in the treatments compared to the control group incorporated with an extended shelf life to 39 days of storage in the treatments containing lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin. Coliforms, Moulds, and yeasts did not detect in the group containing 2% inulin, 2% FOS, and lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin for 21 days of refrigerated storage. This study proved that 2% inulin, 2% FOS, and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteriocin fortification extended the shelf life for 6 weeks.
Fabrication of near-invisible solar cell with monolayer WS2
Authors: He Xing , Iwamoto Yuta , Kaneko Toshiro , Kato Toshiaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Herein, we developed a near-invisible solar cell through a precise control of the contact barrier between an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and a monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2), grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The contact barrier between WS2 and ITO was controlled by coating various thin metals on top of ITO (Mx/ITO) and inserting a thin layer of WO3 between Mx/ITO and the monolayer WS2, which resulted in a drastic increase in the Schottky barrier height (up to 220 meV); this could increase the efficiency of the charge carrier separation in our Schottky-type solar cell. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell with the optimized electrode (WO3/Mx/ITO) was more than 1000 times that of a device using a normal ITO electrode. Large-scale fabrication of the solar cell was also investigated, which revealed that a simple size expansion with large WS2 crystals and parallel long electrodes could not improve the total power (PT) obtained from the complete device even with an increase in the device area; this can be explained by the percolation theory. This problem was addressed by reducing the aspect ratio (width/channel length) of the unit device structure to a value lower than a critical threshold. By repeating the experiments on this optimized unit device with an appropriate number of series and parallel connections, PT could be increased up to 420 pW from a 1-cm2 solar cell with a very high value (79 %) of average visible transmission (AVT).
A nomogram based on contrast-enhanced MRI and margin to identify lung metastasis in soft-tissue sarcoma
Authors: Hu Yue , Wang Xiaoyu , Yue Zhibin , Wang Hongbo , Wang Yan , Luo Yahong , Jiang Wenyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a multi-modality MRI-based radiomics nomogram for predicting the lung metastasis (LM) in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS).
Methods
We enrolled 122 patients who clinicopathologically confirmed STS from our hospital to form a primary cohort. Thirty-two patients from another hospital were included as an external validation cohort. All patients underwent pretreatment T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1-CE) MRI scans. Radiomics features were calculated and selected from the T1-CE MRI sequence, and used to build the radiomics signature. Clinical factors were evaluated by the logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to construct a radiomics nomogram incorporating the radiomics signature with the important clinical factor. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were plotted to assess the radiomics methods.
Results
A total of 5 features were finally identified highly related to the LM status to develop the radiomics signature. A clinical-radiomics nomogram integrating the radiomics signature and margin achieved the best prediction performance in the training (AUCs, nomogram vs. radiomics signature vs. margin, 0.918 vs. 0.864 vs. 0.609), internal validation (AUCs, nomogram vs. radiomics signature vs. margin, 0.864 vs. 0.841 vs. 0.666) and external validation (AUCs, nomogram vs. radiomics signature vs. margin, 0.843 vs. 0.800 vs. 0.643) cohort. DCA indicated potential usefulness of the nomogram.
Conclusions
This study evaluated predictive values of T1-CE MRI for the prediction of lung metastasis in STSs, and proposed a nomogram model to potentially facilitate the preoperative individualized treatment decision making for STSs.
Differentiation of Gelsemium elegans-containing toxic honeys and non-toxic honeys by near infrared spectroscopy combine with aquaphotomics
Authors: Su Yuancui , Yang Chuanmei , Tan Chengsen , Li Yuanpeng , Tu Shan , Zhu Siqi , Wang Yongmei , Wang Lihu , Hu Junhui , Mo Yuxiang , Zhao Hongxia , Huang Furong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work proposes a fast and accurate method based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and aquaphotomics to identify toxic honeys. PLS-DA was used to construct an optimal model for distinguishing toxic honey from non-toxic honey. The models based on preprocessed NIR spectra have an accuracy of 92.73% and were more accurate than the model based on raw NIR spectra. Based on the aquaphotomics analysis of the first overtone of water (1300–1600 nm), we found that the 1398 nm, 1440 nm, and 1472 nm bands can be used as markers to distinguish toxic honeys. Compared to non-toxic honeys, G. elegans-containing toxic honeys have a significantly smaller number of water molecules with multiple hydrogen bonds, due to the hydrogen bonding of the C-O-C, C = O, and NH2 groups of gelsemine and koumine. These groups replace hydrogen bonds between glucose/polysaccharide molecules and water.
Prevalence and factors associated with possible cases of familial hypercholesterolemia in Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: de Sá Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira , Gomes Crizian Saar , Prates Elton Junio Sady , Brant Luisa Campos Caldeira , Malta Deborah Carvalho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of possible cases of FH and analyze associated factors in the adult Brazilian population. Cross-sectional study with laboratory data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, with 8,521 participants. Possible cases of FH were defined according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of possible cases of FH were estimated according to sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, diabetes, hypertension, altered tests, treatment and self-rated health. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations. The prevalence of possible cases of FH was 0.96%, higher in women, between 45 and 59 years, white race/skin color and others, less education, people with diabetes, hypertension and total cholesterol ≥ 310 mg/dL. The presence of FH was positively associated with regular self-rated health (OR 1.96; 95%CI 0.99–3.84), poor/very poor (OR 3.02; 95%CI 1.30–7.03) and negatively with black race/skin color (OR 0.10; 95%CI 0.02–0.46) and complete elementary school, incomplete high school (OR 0.47; 95%CI 0.23–0.98) and complete high school and more (OR 0.45; 95%CI 0.21–0.95). FH affects 1:104 Brazilian adults, these findings contribute to mitigate the burden of disease. Due to the scarcity of studies on FH in low- and middle-income countries, further studies are desirable.
Genome Sequencing-Based Evolutionary Prediction of Glycan-Adhering Lectins and Experimental Evaluation of a Lectin (FimH) Inhibitor Using an Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Strain Isolated in Korea
Authors: Park Junyoung , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Cho Seung-Hak 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of the predicted lectin-like adhesins to construct a lectin-glycan interaction network (LGI). A total of 20,603 assembled Esherichia. coli sequences were retrieved from NCBI, including 2,240 strains with Shiga toxin in their genome. A strain isolated from a Korean patient with diarrhea, EHEC NCCP14539, was also sequenced. The outer-membrane embedded proteins which could be adhesins were predicted from the annotated genes of E. coli strains. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis using the fimH gene, a well-known adhesin of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Multiple sequence alignment of the 2,204 E. coli strains yielded an evolutionary tree. Multi-locus sequence typing-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that NCCP14539 is the ancestor of 70 EHEC strains. An experiment was conducted to find an FimH inhibitor using NCCP14539 strain. Using a T7 phage display method, FimH was selected as an adherent lectin from the GM1- and Gb3- attached lectins. Through simulation docking, we then confirmed that Gb3 has a stronger binding ability to FimH and inferred the binding site sequence. Thus, our results provide evidence that Gb3-derived peptides can act as novel agents to block FimH binding and prevent infection by EHEC.
Clinical application and anatomical study of Arterio-Venolization in Replantation of the Severed Fingers
Authors: yun chen , yanbin li , zemin wang , chang liu , yongjian sun , daozhang cai , jinghui yao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate the feasibility of arteriovenous operation in the replantation of the severed finger. Methods 65 patients with distal finger segment disjunction admitted from January 2014 to August 2021 were selected. According to the severity of finger injury, existing blood vessels and soft tissue conditions of the patients, the vascular anastomosis was determined, and they were grouped according to different blood vessel merging methods. Clinical comparison of postoperative effects between group A (12 cases of arterio-venolization replantation fingers) and group B, C and D (25 cases, 9 cases, 19 cases). After 1 to 7 years of follow-up and study. Meanwhile,In January 2022, ten isolated finger specimens were collected.The vascular routes and distribution were analyzed under the microscope, and the relationship between the arteriovenous arch and the body surface location markers was defined. The preferred vascular path of arterio-venolization was confirmed again.Results There were no significant differences in survival rate, length of hospital stay,the number of vascular crisis and skin necrosis between group A and B (P > 0.05). However,the length of hospital stay, the rate of partial skin necrosis and the incidence of vascular crisis in group C and D were higher than those in group A and B, and the survival rate of replantation finger was lower than that in group A and B (P < 0.05). In the anatomy process of the finger specimens, it was found that the nail base line was clearly and accurately used as the body surface positioning mark. There were a variety of arterio-venolization surgery options as the blood flow artery and the vein with a better match. The veins with a diameter of about 0.3-0.5mm on the lateral side of the non-dominant lateral nail groove of the proximal finger were preferred as the docking vessels. The distal artery was anastomosed with the proximal vein by super microscopic technique, and the anastomosis with the normal artery-to-artery on the other side formed a closed blood flow loop. Conclusion With no vein anastomosis, the treatment of distal finger amputation with super micro combined with arterio-venolizationis is convenient, safe and effective.
On the Robustness of Speech Emotion Models to Black-box Adversarial Attack
Authors: Gao Jinxing , Yan Diqun , Dong Mingyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Speech emotion recognition is a key branch of affective computing. Nowadays , it is common to detect emotional diseases through speech emotion recognition. Various detection methods of emotion recognition, such as LTSM, GCN, CNN, show excellent performance. However, due to the robustness of the model, the recognition results of the above models will have a large deviation. So in this article, we use black boxes to combat sample attacks to explore the robustness of the model. After using three different black-box attacks, the accuracy of the CNN-MAA model decreased by 69.38% at the best attack scenario, while the WER of voice decreased by only 6.24%, indicating that the robustness of the model does not perform well under our black-box attack method. After adver-sarial training, the model accuracy only decreased by 13.48%, which shows the effectiveness of adversarial training against sample attacks.
Stereotactic radiosurgery ensures an effective and safe long-term control of Koos grade IV vestibular schwannomas: a single-center, retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Umekawa Motoyuki , Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Kawashima Mariko , Shin Masahiro , Katano Atsuto , Minamitani Masanari , Kashio Akinori , Kondo Kenji , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a standard treatment modality for vestibular schwannomas (VSs). However, there is a paucity of data on tumor control and neurological preservation for larger VSs. We aimed to investigate the long-term effectiveness of SRS for Koos grade IV compared with I-III VSs.Methods: We included 452 patients with VSs (50 Koos grade IV and 402 Koos grade I‒III) who were treated with SRS at our institution from 1990 to 2021. Tumor control and functional preservation were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared between groups with the log-rank test.Results: The median post-SRS follow-up period was 68 months. Tumor control rates were 96% at 5 and 10 years for Koos grade IV VSs, and 97% and 95%, respectively, for Koos grade I‒III VSs (p = 0.744). In Koos grade IV VSs, functional preservation rates of the facial and trigeminal nerves were both 96% at 5 years (both 98% for Koos grade I‒III VSs; facial, p = 0.410; trigeminal, p = 0.107). Hearing preservation rates were 61% at 5 years for Koos grade IV VSs and 78% for Koos grade I–III VSs (p = 0.645). Symptomatic transient tumor expansion was more common with Koos grade IV VSs (8.0% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.034), although all related symptoms diminished in accordance with tumor shrinkage.Conclusion: SRS may contribute to long-term tumor control and adequate neurological preservation in the treatment of Koos grade IV VSs, comparable to those in the treatment of Koos grade I‒III VSs.
Reinvestigating group-velocity-tunable Bessel-X optical wave-packets
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Liu Yanqi , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The group-velocity of the Bessel-X optical wave-packet can be controlled by introducing well-designed arbitrarily-axisymmetric pulse-front deformation, which permits realizing superluminal, subluminal, accelerating, decelerating, and even nearly-programmable group-velocities. To better understand the tunability of the group-velocity, the generation methods of this Bessel-X optical wave-packet and the mechanisms of the tunable group-velocity in both the physical and the Fourier spaces are investigated. We also studied the relationship with the recently-reported space-time optical wave-packet, and the group-velocity-tunable Bessel-X optical wave-packet is a subsection of the space-time optical wave-packet.
Experimental quantum state discrimination using the optimal fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes strategy
Authors: Gómez Santiago , Gómez Esteban S. , Jiménez Omar , Delgado Aldo , Walborn Stephen P. , Lima Gustavo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The problem of non-orthogonal state discrimination underlies crucial quantum information tasks, such as cryptography and computing protocols. Therefore, it is decisive to find optimal scenarios for discrimination among quantum states. We experimentally investigate the strategy for the optimal discrimination of two non-orthogonal states considering a fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes (FRIO). The main advantage of the FRIO strategy is to interpolate between unambiguous and minimum error discrimination by solely adjusting the rate of inconclusive outcomes. We present a versatile experimental scheme that performs the optimal FRIO measurement for any pair of generated non-orthogonal states with arbitrary a priori probabilities and for any fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes. Considering different values of the free parameters in the FRIO protocol, we implement it upon qubit states encoded in the polarization mode of single photons generated in the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. Moreover, we resort to a newfangled double-path Sagnac interferometer to perform a three-outcome non-projective measurement required for the discrimination task, showing excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. This experiment provides a practical toolbox for a wide range of quantum state discrimination strategies using the FRIO scheme, which can greatly benefit quantum information applications and fundamental studies in quantum theory.
Scientometric Analysis and Topic Modeling for Farm Financial Decision Modeling(FFDM)
Authors: Achamu Gedefaye , Atanew Eshetie Berhan , Gebeyehu Sisay Geremaw , Tilahun Shimelis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Scientometric analysis and topic modeling were deployed in this survey in order to map and structure knowledge in the state of the art of farm financing decision making. Application of scientometric approach based on bibliometric analysis help to capture the interest of scholars and organization to the problem domain and is also found essential in clustering keywords, authors, and publication to some sort of schemes and hence mapping of knowledge through visualizing map. Topic modeling as a complement of bibliometric analysis further extends and makes clear how those keywords are semantically related and their contribution to topics while clustering based on bibliometric analysis is binary. Using both methods and approaches refed as TAKe, publications from different sources and types were examined and analyzed for state of art of farm financial decision making. The survey then signals, in the state of the art of farm financial problems, financing has been treated for descriptive or exploratory purposes than as a decision variable hence predictive consultancy than prescriptive advisory in farm financing investment.
Climatic trends over tropics of Africa, A case of the Pra River Basin in Ghana
Authors: Nsiaha J.J. , Gyamfi C. , Anornu G.K. , Odai S.N. , Boakye E. , Awotwi A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The likelihood of changing trends in climatic time series over the Pra River Basin in Ghana was examined. Trend analyses were carried out on monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales for temperature and rainfall from 1950 to 2010. The use of Modified Mann–Kendall, Sen’s slope and Pettit tests revealed warming trends over the Pra River Basin. Maximum and Minimum annual temperature time series revealed a statistically significant increasing trend over 60% of the stations with Sen’s slopes varying from 0.006 to 0.035 oC/yr. Monthly temperature extremes revealed a statistically significant increasing trend over 80% of the stations. Seasonality revealed both increasing and decreasing trends for both dry and wet seasons, while annual rainfall experienced a decreasing trend in four out of the five stations with only one station being statistically significant at a 0.05 level. Both dry and wet season rainfall experienced statistically significant decreasing trends for all stations except one at 0.05 level. Strong downward trends in rainfall were observed for the dry season while weak downward trends were observed for the wet season. Moreover, increasing change points ranging between 0.76°C– 0.93°C on average were experienced mostly for TMAX around the mid-1960s through to the early 1980s. While decreasing change points within a range of between − 0.99°C and − 0.61°C on average were also observed for TMIN around the late 1950s through to the mid-1970s.