bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Hybrid Perovskite Films via Single‐Source Perovskite Nanoparticle Evaporation
Authors: Yadav Rekha , Roy Mrinmoy , Banappanavar Gangadhar , Aslam M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate a vacuum‐based evaporation approach to fabricate organic‐inorganic perovskite thin films by using phase‐formed halide perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) as a precursor/source. We are able to consistently obtain MAPbX3 (MA=CH3NH3 and X=Cl, Br or I) thin films at various substrates (e. g., glass, ITO, or plastic). The perovskite phase formation in thin film form is confirmed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Small micro‐strain (tensile) values of 1.64×10−3, 1.42×10−3 and 6.85×10−4 obtained for MAPbCl3, MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 films respectively from Williamson‐Hall equation indicate low structural distortions in perovskite thin films. The absorption spectra of thin films show sharp band edge having direct band gap, which is followed by narrow full width at half maxima (FWHM ∼0.1 eV) of the emission peak. Thin films of MAPbCl3, MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 show direct band gap of 3.1 eV, 2.4 eV and 1.6 eV, respectively. Small Urbach energy values of 33 meV, 44 meV and 66 meV for MAPbCl3, MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 films respectively indicates low defect density in various perovskite films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) shows high surface coverage and uniform chemical composition of MAPbX3 (X=Cl, Br and I) thin films deposited by the present method. We have successfully controlled the film thickness from 250 nm to 1 μm by varying the nanoparticle precursor amount. The perovskite thin films deposited by the present method are highly stable against the degradation under ambient conditions. Systematic XRD studies along with absorption data demonstrate that the MAPbCl3 and MAPbBr3 films stored under ambient conditions remained stable for more than 30 days and MAPbI3 films for more than 7 days.
Forensic medical examinations: The body as gateway to healing after child sexual abuse
Authors: O' Keeffe Noelle , McElvaney Rosaleen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite consensus that the forensic medical examination is an integral component to a comprehensive response to child sexual abuse (CSA), concerns have been expressed about the impact of these examinations on children and young people. A small‐scale survey was conducted with a group of CSA professionals (n = 19), followed by semi‐structured interviews with six adolescents, accessed through CSA specialist units in Ireland. While concerns were expressed about the examination, overall, professionals were in favour of it as part of a holistic therapeutic response to CSA. Five themes were identified from the interviews with adolescents: the experience of the examination as an imposition, the unknown nature of the examination, the focus on the body itself, feeling exposed and having a say. Findings highlight how a trauma‐informed approach, with emphasis on information sharing and supporting the autonomy of the young person's voice and choice throughout the process, could provide a transformative experience for young people, helping them integrate their psychological and physical sense of themselves. The forensic medical examination can facilitate the healing and recovery process by bringing into awareness many of the anxieties that, due to shame or inability to tolerate associated emotional pain, remain unspoken and unspeakable following CSA.
Chemical Vapor Deposition for Advanced Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membranes
Authors: Bellomo Nicolas , Michel Marc , Pistillo Bianca Rita , White Robin J. , Barborini Emanuele , Lenoble Damien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFuel cells will play a critical role in a renewable energy powered society, whether in mobility or stationary applications. Certain challenges remain to be addressed if performance and cost dynamics of these systems is to achieve large scale, high unit number roll out. This review deals with polymer electrolyte membrane‐based fuel cells with a specific focus on membrane materials and their innovative fabrication based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approaches. These deposition techniques are introduced, as are the potential improvements relating to cell performance, namely proton conductivity and stability. The potential benefits of applying CVD‐based synthesis in the fabrication of polymer electrolytes is also discussed with respect to future fuel cell development.
Cation‐Structure Effects on Zinc Electrodeposition and Crystallographic Orientation in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Shimizu Masahiro , Sugiyama Yusuke , Horita Masaomi , Yoshii Kazuki , Arai Susumu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of Zn deposition in room temperature ionic liquids consisting of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (TFSA−) combined with N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr1,3+) or 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMI+) was investigated in terms of their physicochemical properties and dissolved Zn2+ species. The effect of cation structure was examined not only on the macroscopic morphologies, but also on the microscopic aspects of crystallographic orientation of Zn deposits obtained from [Zn(TFSA)2]0.1[Cation‐TFSA]0.9. Electron backscattered diffraction revealed that the crystal grains grown in Pyr1,3‐TFSA at the current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 were much finer, compared with the sizes of those in EMI‐TFSA. This is probably because Pyr1,3 cations inhibit the surface diffusion of Zn adatoms, thus preventing growth in a specific plane direction. It was found that higher reversibility on Zn stripping needs larger crystal grains rather than polycrystalline with fine grains. The obtained results will contribute greatly to the realization of longer life batteries using Zn without resource constraints.
Explorations of New SHG Materials in Mercury Iodate Sulfate System**
Authors: Li Yi‐Lin , Ji Meng‐Ya , Hu Chun‐Li , Chen Jin , Li Bing‐Xuan , Lin Yuan , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThrough systematic experiments, two novel mercury iodate sulfates, namely, Hg2(IO3)2(SO4)(H2O) and Hg2(IO3)2(SO4) were obtained. They crystallize in monoclinic space groupC2 andC2/c, respectively. Hg2(IO3)2(SO4)(H2O) exhibits the [Hg(IO3)]+polar cationic layer inherited from Hg(IO3)2and the three‐dimensional (3D) framework inherited from HgSO4. This enables Hg2(IO3)2(SO4)(H2O) to generate a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response of 6 times that of KH2PO4(KDP). The structure of Hg2(IO3)2(SO4) is very similar to that of Hg2(IO3)2(SO4)(H2O), and they can be transformed into each other. Hg2(IO3)2(SO4)(H2O) shows a large optical band gap of 3.98 eV and a high dehydration temperature of 250 °C. This study indicates that by reasonable design, the introduction of multiple functional groups into a compound may combine their advantages to achieve good overall optical performance.
Smoking cessation services and shared decision‐making practices among lung cancer screening facilities: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lowenstein Lisa M. , Nishi Shawn P. E. , Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , Crocker Laura Covarrubias , Choi Noah , Kim Bumyang , Shih Ya‐Chen “Tina” , Volk Robert J. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLittle is known about how screening facilities are meeting the requirements for the reimbursement of lung cancer screening from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), including 1) the collection and submission of data to the CMS‐approved registry (American College of Radiology [ACR] Lung Cancer Screening Registry), 2) the verification of a counseling and shared decision‐making (SDM) visit having occurred as part of the written order for lung cancer screening with low‐dose computed tomography, and 3) the offering of smoking cessation interventions.MethodsThe authors identified facilities in a southwestern state that were listed by either the ACR Lung Cancer Screening Registry or the GO2 Foundation Centers of Excellence. To select facilities, they used 2 purposive sampling approaches: maximum variation sampling and snowball sampling. They surveyed facilities from February to November 2019.ResultsThere were 87 facilities contacted, and a total of 63 facilities representing 32 counties across Texas completed the survey. Nearly all facilities used Lung‐RADS to classify nodules (92%; n = 58) and submitted data to a CMS‐approved registry (92%; n = 57). Most facilities verified that the counseling and SDM visit had occurred (86%; n = 54). Although slightly more than half of the facilities reported always providing self‐help cessation materials (68%; n = 42), similar or higher proportions of facilities reported that they never referred smokers to onsite cessation services (68%; n = 42) or quitlines (77%; n = 47), provided cessation counseling (81%; n = 50), or recommended medications (85%; n = 52).ConclusionsIn general, screening facilities are meeting CMS requirements for screening, but they are struggling to offer smoking cessation interventions other than providing self‐help materials.
Geometric relation based point clouds classification and segmentation
Authors: Yang Wenbin , Sheng Suqin , Luo Xiangfeng , Xie Shaorong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe inherent disorder and irregularity of 3D point clouds pose great challenges to classification and segmentation tasks. To tackle these problems, we propose a geometric relation based point clouds classification and segmentation network. Specifically, we design two novel modules named geometric relation based convolution (GRC) and relational attention interpolation (RAI) to infer the local relations of point clouds. In GRC module, the convolutional weights and local features are both reasoned from predefined local geometric relations between the central point of each local point clouds and its neighboring points. The global shape awareness is obtained by stacking convolutional layers of the GRC. In RAI, a relational attention interpolation approach is proposed for the segmentation task. The attentional weights of different neighboring points are inferred from local relations of geometry and features, which is capable of guiding RAI to pay more attention to the relevant points and be sensitive to the boundaries of segments. Experimental results show that the proposed method makes full use of the geometric relations between local points, and presents good performance on both classification and segmentation tasks.
Exploring AuRh Nanoalloys: A Computational Perspective on the Formation and Physical Properties
Authors: Vanzan Mirko , Jones Robert M. , Corni Stefano , D'Agosta Roberto , Baletto Francesca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe studied the formation of AuRh nanoalloys (between 20–150 atoms) in the gas phase by means of Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations, exploring three possible formation processes: one‐by‐one growth, coalescence, and nanodroplets annealing. As a general trend, we recover a predominance of Rh@Au core‐shell ordering over other chemical configurations. We identify new structural motifs with enhanced thermal stabilities. The physical features of those selected systems were studied at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level, revealing profound correlations between the nanoalloys morphology and properties. Surprisingly, the arrangement of the inner Rh core seems to play a dominant role on nanoclusters’ physical features like the HOMO‐LUMO gap and magnetic moment. Strong charge separations are recovered within the nanoalloys suggesting the existence of charge‐transfer transitions.
Is shame the missing link between traumatic experiences and post‐traumatic stress disorder in Burundian children living on the streets?
Authors: Rukundo‐Zeller Anja C. , Bambonye Manassé , Mugisha Hervé , Muhoza Jean‐Arnaud , Ndayikengurukiye Thierry , Nitanga Lydia , Rushoza Amini Ahmed , Crombach Anselm 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundShame is an emotion reflecting an anticipated social devaluation of the self. It is strongly associated with experiences of humiliation and rejection in early life. Individuals suffering from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often struggle with shame. However, little is known about how shame contributes to the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms in children. The present study investigated the ways childhood exposure to human‐induced traumatic events promotes a coping mechanism of defeat and withdrawal facilitated by the experience of shame. We tested a dose–response relationship between lifetime experienced traumatic event types and PTSD in children using shame as a mediator.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 33 male children who lived and worked on the streets of Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi at the time of data collection. We assessed self‐reported PTSD symptom severity, lifetime traumatic event load, violence experienced on the streets and shame intensity.ResultsMediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of lifetime traumatic events on PTSD symptom severity through shame intensity and a significant indirect effect of violence experienced on the streets on PTSD symptom severity through shame intensity.ConclusionOur study suggests the mediating role of shame between traumatic experiences as well as violent experiences and PTSD symptom severity in children living on the streets. Shame in children suffering from PTSD seems to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms.
Biosynthesis of (R)‐(+)‐perillyl alcohol by Escherichia coli expressing neryl pyrophosphate synthase
Authors: Sun Chao , Zhang Rubing , Xie Congxia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract(R)‐(+)‐perillyl alcohol is widely used in agricultural and anticarcinogenic fields. Microbial production of (R)‐(+)‐perillyl alcohol was investigated in this study. We optimized biosynthesis of (R)‐(+)‐perillyl alcohol in Escherichia coli by using neryl pyrophosphate synthase and NADPH regeneration. Engineering neryl pyrophosphate (NPP)‐supplied pathway resulted in a 4‐fold improvement of (R)‐(+)‐perillyl alcohol titer. Subsequently, combined engineering of p‐cymene monooxygenase (CymA) expression and module for NADPH regeneration exhibited a 15.4‐fold increase of titer over the initial strain S02. Finally, 453 mg/L (R)‐(+)‐perillyl alcohol was achieved in fed‐batch fermentation, which is the highest (R)‐(+)‐perillyl alcohol titer in E. coli.
Effective placement of self‐centering damage‐free connections for seismic‐resilient steel moment resisting frames
Authors: Pieroni Ludovica , Freddi Fabio , Latour Massimo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, significant advancements have been made in the definition of innovative “minimal‐damage structures,” chasing the need for more resilient societies against extreme seismic events. In this context, moment resisting frames (MRFs) equipped with self‐centering damage‐free (SCDF) devices in column bases and beam‐to‐column joints represent a viable solution to improve structural resilience and damage reduction. However, the extensive use of these devices significantly increases complexity and costs compared to conventional structures, thus limiting their practical application. To overcome this drawback, current research works are focusing on the definition of effective placement for SCDF devices, maximizing their beneficial effect on the seismic response and controlling their impact on the overall structural complexity. Within this context, the present study investigates the influence of the placement of SCDF devices in a steel MRF. An eight‐story MRF is designed, and 50 configurations with different locations of SCDF joints are considered. Numerical models are developed in OpenSees, and non‐linear static push–pull and incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are carried out. The influence of the placement of SCDF devices is assessed by considering residual and peak interstory drifts, residual top story drifts, peak story accelerations, and the total dissipated energy as performance parameters. The results of IDAs for a seismic intensity corresponding to the ultimate limit state (ULS) are analyzed and compared, and fragility curves are successively derived for some relevant configurations. The paper provides insights and observations to understand how including a different number of SCDF BCJs at different stories affects the seismic response.
The evolution of thermal performance in native and invasive populations ofMimulus guttatus
Authors: Querns Aleah , Wooliver Rachel , Vallejo-Marín Mario , Sheth Seema Nayan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rise of globalization has spread organisms beyond their natural range, allowing further opportunity for species to adapt to novel environments and potentially become invaders. Yet, the role of thermal niche evolution in promoting the success of invasive species remains poorly understood. Here, we use thermal performance curves (TPCs) to test hypotheses about thermal adaptation during the invasion process. First, we tested the hypothesis that if species largely conserve their thermal niche in the introduced range, invasive populations may not evolve distinct TPCs relative to native populations, against the alternative hypothesis that thermal niche and therefore TPC evolution has occurred in the invasive range. Second, we tested the hypothesis that clines of TPC parameters are shallower or absent in the invasive range, against the alternative hypothesis that with sufficient time, standing genetic variation, and temperature-mediated selection, invasive populations would re-establish clines found in the native range in response to temperature gradients. To test these hypotheses, we built TPCs for 18 native (United States) and 13 invasive (United Kingdom) populations of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. We grew clones of multiple genotypes per population at six temperature regimes in growth chambers. We found that invasive populations have not evolved different thermal optima or performance breadths, providing evidence for evolutionary stasis of thermal performance between the native and invasive ranges after over 200 years post introduction. Thermal optimum increased with mean annual temperature in the native range, indicating some adaptive differentiation among native populations that was absent in the invasive range. Further, native and invasive populations did not exhibit adaptive clines in thermal performance breadth with latitude or temperature seasonality. These findings suggest that TPCs remained unaltered post invasion, and that invasion may proceed via broad thermal tolerance and establishment in already climatically suitable areas rather than rapid evolution upon introduction.
The creeping bentgrass microbiome: Traditional culturing and sequencing results compared with metagenomic techniques
Authors: McNab Edward , Benedetto Daniel , Hsiang Tom 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent metagenomic studies have probed the fungal microbiome of intensively managed turfgrasses to better understand the organisms present, which may be beneficial or harmful, but the taxonomic resolution is often limited to the family or genus level. This may relate to the common practice of targeting short ribosomal DNA sequences for estimating fungal abundance and phylogenetic relationships. We collected samples of intensively managed creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) from Guelph, ON, across two growing seasons and obtained 2,204 foliar epiphytic fungal isolates. Sequencing the entire internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 251 representative isolates resolved these to 54 species in 31 genera. A comparison of the taxa identified here versus those reported in five metagenomic studies revealed similarities. However, of the 31 genera we identified by sequencing, 13 genera (42%) were not reported in the metagenomic studies related to intensively managed turfgrass systems. The five metagenomic studies identified an average of 44 genera, with 46% (ranging from 4 to 72%) on average being unique to each study. In addition to revealing genera that were not reported in other studies, full‐length ITS sequencing had the advantage of being able to resolve to the species level. We could resolve 248 of the sequenced isolates to species with an e‐value of 10−50, with three left at the genus level. Until sequencing technologies can yield full‐length ITS sequencing, laborious traditional culturing followed by sequencing of the entire ITS region can give insights into microbiomes not revealed by current metagenomic methods.
Tumours modulate the systemic vascular response to anti‐angiogenic therapy
Authors: Hargreaves Adam , Barry Simon T. , Bigley Alison , Kendrew Jane , Price Shirley 
Published: February 2022

AbstractToxicologic evaluation of new drug candidates routinely utilizes healthy animals. In oncology, there remains a limited understanding of the effects of novel test candidates in a diseased host. For vascular modulating agents (VMAs), an increased understanding of preclinical tumour–host interaction, and its potential to exacerbate or alleviate ‘off‐target’ effects of anti‐angiogenic administration, could aid in the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in a defined cancer patient. We have previously reported that the implantation and growth of a range of human‐ and mouse‐derived tumours leads to structural vascular and, potentially, functional signalling changes within host mouse endocrine tissues, indicating possible roles for tumour‐ and host‐derived cytokines/growth factors and the liberation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in this phenomenon. Here, we further demonstrate that the growth of the Calu‐6 xenograft is associated with a resistance to VMA‐induced mouse peripheral endocrine vascular rarefaction (toxicity), with potential functional impact, notably with respect to mixed tyrosine kinase inhibition. The pathogenesis of these findings indicates a potential role for both tumour‐ and host‐derived basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), with associated upregulation in the intra‐tumoural autotaxin‐lysophosphatic acid signalling axis.
A comprehensive review of biological and materials properties of Tantalum and its alloys
Authors: Mani Gopinath , Porter Deanna , Grove Kent , Collins Shell , Ornberg Andreas , Shulfer Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTantalum (Ta) and its alloys have been used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, dental, and spinal fusion implants. This review evaluates the biological and material properties of Ta and its alloys. Specifically, the biological properties including hemocompatibility and osseointegration, and material properties including radiopacity, MRI compatibility, corrosion resistance, surface characteristics, semiconductivity, and mechanical properties are covered. This review highlights how the material properties of Ta and its alloys contribute to its excellent biological properties for use in implants and medical devices.