bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a New Salt-Assisted HS-GC–FID Method for the Determination of Ethanol in the Vitreous Humor
Authors: Musile Giacomo , Pigaiani Nicola , Pasetto Emma , Ballotari Marco , Tagliaro Franco , Bortolotti Federica 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Headspace gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (HS-GC–FID) is a well-established approach for determining blood alcohol concentration, including in cadaveric specimens. Although the integrity of blood specimens can be adequately guaranteed after the sampling, the quantification of ethanol in cadaveric blood can be affected by postmortem fermentative phenomena occurring between the time since death and the sampling of biofluids. The vitreous humor is less affected by putrefactive phenomena allowing compound determination and its use as an alternative biological matrix. The present work aimed to develop and validate a method using the salting-out effect and based on HS-GC–FID for the determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor. The reported analytical method is based on a simple vitreous humor pre-treatment consisting of a dilution (1:9) with a solution of 2.5 mol/L K2CO3 and 0.0012 mol/L tert-butanol (internal standard). After 1 min of incubation, part of the specimen evaporated in the headspace (2,000 µL) is injected into the chromatographic system and analyzed in isothermal mode (40°C), with a chromatographic time of 1.6 min. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, the lowest limit of detection, intraday and total imprecision, and trueness (bias). The determination of ethanol in the vitreous humor and blood was carried out in 75 cases. The correlation between the two matrices was confirmed in 61 cases. However, 14 vitreous humor specimens showed lower ethanol concentrations, and in the related blood specimens, it was possible to identify the signal of n-propanol, a typical product of postmortem microbial fermentation, that justifies the excess of ethanol in the blood specimens.
Observational constraints on varying fundamental constants in a minimal CPC model
Authors: Cuzinatto R R , Holanda R F L , Pereira S H 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
A minimal model based on the Co-varying Physical Couplings (CPC) framework for gravity is proposed. The CPC framework is based on the assumptions of a metric-compatible four-dimensional Riemannian manifold, where a covariantly conserved stress-energy tensor acts as source of the field equations, which are formally the same as Einstein field equations, but where the couplings {G, c, Λ} are allowed to vary simultaneously. The minimal CPC model takes Λ as a genuine constant while c and G vary in an entangled way that is consistent with Bianchi identity and the aforementioned assumptions. The model is constrained using the most recent galaxy cluster gas mass fraction observational data. Our result indicates that the functions c(z) and G (z) = G0 (c/c0)4 are compatible with constant couplings for the two different parametrizations of c = c(z) adopted here.
Subcellular redox responses reveal different Cu-dependent antioxidant defenses between mitochondria and cytosol
Authors: Zhang Yuteng , Wen Meng-Hsuan , Qin Guoting , Cai Chengzhi , Chen Tai-Yen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Excess intracellular Cu perturbs cellular redox balance and thus causes diseases. However, the relationship between cellular redox status and Cu homeostasis and how such an interplay is coordinated within cellular compartments has not yet been well established. Using combined approaches of organelle-specific redox sensor Grx1-roGFP2 and non-targeted proteomics, we investigate the real-time Cu-dependent antioxidant defenses of mitochondria and cytosol in live HEK293 cells. The Cu-dependent real-time imaging experiments show that CuCl2 treatment results in increased oxidative stress in both cytosol and mitochondria. In contrast, subsequent excess Cu removal by bathocuproine sulfonate, a Cu chelating reagent, lowers oxidative stress in mitochondria but causes even higher oxidative stress in the cytosol. The proteomic data reveal that several mitochondrial proteins, but not cytosolic ones, undergo significant abundance change under Cu treatments. The proteomic analysis also shows that proteins with significant changes are related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glutathione synthesis. The differences in redox behaviors and protein profiles in different cellular compartments reveal distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic response mechanisms upon Cu-induced oxidative stress. These findings provide insights into how redox and Cu homeostasis interplay by modulating specific protein expressions at the subcellular levels, shedding light on understanding the effects of Cu-induced redox misregulation on the diseases.
Time for a drought experiment: Do you know your plants’ water status?
Authors: Juenger Thomas E , Verslues Paul E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Drought stress is an increasing concern because of climate change and increasing demands on water for agriculture. There are still many unknowns about how plants sense and respond to water limitation, including which genes and cellular mechanisms are impactful for ecology and crop improvement in drought-prone environments. A better understanding of plant drought resistance will require integration of several research disciplines. A common set of parameters to describe plant water status and quantify drought severity can enhance data interpretation and research integration across the research disciplines involved in understanding drought resistance and would be especially useful in integrating the flood of genomic data being generated in drought studies. Water potential (ψw) is a physical measure of the free energy status of water that, along with related physiological measurements, allows unambiguous description of plant water status that can apply across various soil types and environmental conditions. ψw and related physiological parameters can be measured with relatively modest investment in equipment and effort. Thus, we propose that increased use of ψw as a fundamental descriptor of plant water status can enhance the insight gained from many drought-related experiments and facilitate data integration and sharing across laboratories and research disciplines.
Assessing Clinically Significant Cognitive Impairment Using the NIH Toolbox in Individuals with Co-occurring Serious Mental Illness and Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Jett Julianne D. , Kordas Gordon , Parent Sara , Keshtkar Mohammad , Shin Rachel , King Paige , McPherson Sterling M. , Ries Richard , Roll John M. , McDonell Michael G. , Chaytor Naomi 
Published: November 2022

Objective
Serious mental illnesses (SMI) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) co-occurrence (SMI-AUD) is common, yet little is known about the prevalence and risk factors of cognitive impairment for this population. We used the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox to identify clinically significant cognitive impairment (CSCI), describe the cognitive profile, and investigate whether psychiatric and AUD severity measures are associated with CSCI in individuals with SMI-AUD.

Methods
CSCI was defined as 2 or more fully corrected fluid subtest T scores below a set threshold based on an individual’s crystalized composite score. Psychiatric severity measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V (SCID-5) for SMI diagnosis and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. AUD severity measures included the SCID-5 for AUD symptom severity score, years of alcohol use, and urine ethyl glucuronide levels. A multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the adjusted effects of each variable on the probability of CSCI.

Results
Forty-one percent (N = 55/135) of our sample had CSCI compared with the base rate of 15% from the NIH Toolbox normative sample. Subtests measuring executive function most frequently contributed to meeting criteria for CSCI (Flanker and Dimensional Change Card Sort). A history of head injury (P = 0.033), increased AUD symptom severity score (P = 0.007) and increased negative symptom severity score (P = 0.027) were associated with CSCI.

Conclusions
Cognition should be considered in the treatment of people with SMI-AUD, particularly in those with history of brain injury, higher AUD symptom severity, and/or negative symptom severity.
Prediction Model for Job Retention According to the Type of Return to Work Among Industrially Injured Workers in Korea
Authors: Bae Suk Won , Won Jong-Uk , Park Wha Me 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate how the type of return to work after an industrial accident affects job retention.

Methods
Using data from the panel study of workers' compensation insurance first-third, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for workers leaving their jobs.

Results
The HR leaving their jobs were higher in the “reemployed” compared with that in the “returned to original work,” with HR of 2.69 (2.33–3.10). According workers' status, the HRs leaving their jobs were higher among the “reemployed” than among those who “returned to original work.” Regular and daily workers' HRs were 1.70 (1.37–2.11) and 3.55 (2.96–4.26), respectively.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that to increase job retention rate, protection policies for reemployed workers or support for employers who hire reemployed workers should be considered.
Identification of Risk Factors of Recurrence Among Patients With Vulvar Paget Disease Treated With Conservative Surgery
Authors: Pergialiotis Vasilios , Christodoulou Theano , Ferousis Loukas , Thomakos Nikolaos , Rodolakis Alexandros , Haidopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Vulvar Paget disease (VPD) is a benign disease with high recurrence rates. Standard treatment involves conservative surgery with wide local excision of the lesion. The purpose of the present study is to identify factors that increase the risk of relapse.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective study and included patients treated with conservative surgery for noninvasive VPD. Cox regression analysis was carried out to assess the independent effect of age, presence of positive margins, tumor size greater than 4 cm, bilateral lesions, and compositive morbidity and pathology on recurrence free survival. Post hoc power analysis was performed with the G-power tool using an α error of 0.05.

Results
Overall, 39 patients were included with a median age of 70 years (46–85 years). Of those, 19 patients relapsed within a median duration of 30.5 months (5–132 months). Twelve patients (63%) experienced at least a second relapse. The presence of composite comorbidity significantly affected the interval to recurrence (30.09 vs 71.80 months, p = .032). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the presence of composite pathology features was indicative of a higher risk of recurrence (hazard ratio = −3.71, p = .024). The sample size did not allow for adequate power for this latter finding. Microscopically involved tumor margins and tumor size greater than 4 cm did not predict patients at risk of experiencing relapsing disease.

Conclusions
Patients with noninvasive VPD experience high relapse rates. The presence of concurrent benign vulvar pathology may increase these rates, although larger sample sizes are needed to ascertain our findings.
Psychosexual Impact on a Sample of Hispanic Women With Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Colón-Valentín Janyfel , Esteban Caleb , Frontera-Hernández Mariana , Gutiérrez del Arroyo-Lebrón Verónica , Rivera-Casul Giuliana , Hoyos Viviana , Romaguera Josefina 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
Our study investigates the psychosexual impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) diagnosis and its associated conditions on Hispanic women living in Puerto Rico.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted on 205 women between 21 and 65 years old who received services at the Gynecology Clinics of the Medical Sciences Campus from April 2019 to December 2019. After obtaining approval from the institutional review board (March 27, 2019) and the informed consent of participants, participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and 4 psychological symptomatology-based questionnaires that measured levels of anxiety, depression, sexual satisfaction, and self-esteem.

Results
Of the participants, 48.8% had a known diagnosis of HPV (n = 100) compared with 51.2% without a known HPV diagnosis (n = 105). A Mann-Whitney U test analysis for independent samples was used, which showed that patients with known HPV diagnoses had higher reported levels of anxiety in the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale with a statistical significance of 0.03, as compared with patients without a known HPV diagnosis. There was no significant difference in reported levels of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, or sexual satisfaction between the groups.

Conclusions
Our findings show that in this group of Hispanic women living in Puerto Rico, being diagnosed with HPV and its associated conditions can be associated with higher anxiety symptoms. Further studies are warranted in this population to help improve their health outcomes and access to proper primary and preventive care.
Relationship between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography metabolic parameters and clinicopathology in endometrial cancer
Authors: Yao Xinchao , Tan Xiaoyue , Zhang Hongna , Yuan Hui , Zeng Baozhen , He Li , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2022

Objective
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common invasive gynecological malignancy. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the relationship between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) parameters and clinicopathological factors in EC patients, and assess whether 18F-FDG PET/CT can be applied for predicting the expressed status of histologic molecular markers.

Methods
Pretreatment clinicopathological characteristics and 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis of primary lesion (MTV-P and TLG-P), and combination of primary lesion and metastases (MTV-C and TLG-C) were retrospectively reviewed in 101 patients with EC.

Results
The median age of these 101 patients was 55 years (range, 35–85 years), and 95 patients (94.1%) presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding, 26 patients (25.7%) with elevated serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and 46 patients (45.5%) with increased human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). Sixty-nine cases were at International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I, eight at stage II, 20 at stage III, and four at stage IV. FDG uptake was avid in all cases, and the median SUVmax, MTV-P, TLG-P, MTV-C, and TLG-C were 12.9 (range, 2.8–34.2), 8.1 (range, 0.9–547.8), 52.2 (range, 2.5–4420.6), 8.2 (range, 0.9–790.3), and 58.4 (range, 2.5–6972.2), respectively. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive expressions were in 93.1% (94/101) and 90.1% (91/101) patients, respectively. The median Ki-67 index of 101 cases was 40% (range, 0–95%). P53 pattern was tested in 89 patients and 24 cases were mutant type (27.0%). Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) expression was investigated in 86 patients, and the positivity was in 36 patients (41.9%). Higher PET/CT metabolic parameters were observed in patients with elevated CA-125 and HE4, advanced FIGO stage and higher Ki-67 index (P < 0.05), but had no association with ER/PR expression, P53 pattern, and c-Met expression (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
FDG uptake in EC was associated with serum CA-125 and HE4, FIGO stage, and Ki-67 index, but no correlations were found between glucose metabolism and ER/PR, P53, and c-Met.
Antibiotic administration within 1 hour for open lower extremity fractures is not associated with decreased risk of infection
Authors: Grigorian Areg , Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Martin Matthew , Matsushima Kazuhide , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
Open fractures have a high risk of infection with limited data correlating timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration and rate of subsequent infection. The Trauma Quality Improvement Program has established a standard of antibiotic administration within 1 hour of arrival, but there is a lack of adequately powered studies validating this quality metric. We hypothesize that open femur and/or tibia fracture patients undergoing orthopedic surgery have a decreased risk of infectious complications (osteomyelitis, deep and superficial surgical site infection) if antibiotics are administered within 1 hour of presentation compared with administration after 1 hour.

METHODS
The 2019 Trauma Quality Improvement Program was queried for adults with isolated (Abbreviated Injury Scale <1 for the head/face/spine/chest/abdomen/upper extremity) open femur and/or tibia fractures undergoing orthopedic surgery. Transfer patients were excluded. Patients receiving early antibiotics (EA) within 1 hour were compared with patients receiving delayed antibiotics (DA) greater than 1 hour from arrival.

RESULTS
Of 3,367 patients identified, 2,400 (70.4%) received EA. Patients receiving EA had a higher rate of infections compared with DA (1.1% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.011). After adjusting for age, comorbidities, injury severity, nerve/vascular trauma to the lower extremity, washout of the femur/tibia performed in <6 hours, blood transfusion, and admission vitals, patients in the EA group had a similar associated risk of surgical site infection/osteomyelitis compared with the DA cohort (p = 0.087). These results remained in subset analyses of patients with only femur, only tibia, and combined femur/tibia open fractures (all p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
In this large national analysis, approximately 70% of isolated open femur or tibia fracture patients undergoing surgery received antibiotics within 1 hour. After adjusting for known risk factors of infection, there was no association between timing of antibiotic administration and infection. Reconsideration of the quality metric of antibiotic administration within 1 hour for open fractures appears warranted.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
GIL: A Python package for designing custom indexing primers
Authors: Mateyko Nicholas , Tariq Omar , Chen Xinyi E. , Cheney Will , Salaudeen Asfar Lathif , Luthra Ishika , Nikpour Najmeh , Rafi Abdul Muntakim , Deghan Hadis Kamali , Jensen Cassandra , de Boer Carl 
Published: November 2022

SummaryNext-generation sequencing allows samples to be multiplexed by adding a unique DNA index to each sample. Multiplexing greatly reduces the price of sequencing large numbers of samples, yet the minimum cost per sample remains high when using commercially available indexing kits and designing custom indexes is challenging. To address these issues, we created GIL (Generate Indexes for Libraries), a software tool that designs indexing primers for producing multiplexed sequencing libraries. GIL can be customized in numerous ways to meet user specifications, including index length, sequencing modality, color balancing, and compatibility with existing primers, and produces ordering and demultiplexing-ready outputs. GIL is written in Python and is freely available on GitHub athttps://github.com/de-Boer-Lab/GIL. It can also be accessed as a web-application implemented in Streamlit athttps://dbl-gil.streamlitapp.com.
Genomic Structural Equation Modeling Reveals Latent Phenotypes in the Human Cortex with Distinct Genetic Architecture
Authors: Morey Rajendra A. , Zheng Yuanchao , Sun Delin , Garrett Melanie E. , Gasperi Marianna , Maihofer Adam X. , Baird Lexi , Grasby Katrina L. , Huggins Ashley , Haswell Courtney C. , Thompson C. Paul M. , Medland Sarah , Gustavson Daniel E. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Kremen William S. , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Ashley-Koch Allison E. , Logue Mark W. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTGenetic contributions to human cortical structure manifest pervasive pleiotropy. This pleiotropy may be harnessed to identify unique genetically-informed parcellations of the cortex that are neurobiologically distinct from anatomical, functional, cytoarchitectural, or other cortical parcellation schemes. We investigated genetic pleiotropy by applying genomic structural equation modeling (SEM) to model the genetic architecture of cortical surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) of 34 brain regions recently reported in the ENIGMA cortical GWAS. Genomic SEM uses the empirical genetic covariance estimated from GWAS summary statistics with LD score regression (LDSC) to discover factors underlying genetic covariance. Genomic SEM can fit a multivariate GWAS from summary statistics, which can subsequently be used for LD score regression (LDSC). We found the best-fitting model of cortical SA was explained by 6 latent factors and CT was explained by 4 latent factors. The multivariate GWAS of these latent factors identified 74 genome-wide significant (GWS) loci (p<5×10−8), including many previously implicated in neuroimaging phenotypes, behavioral traits, and psychiatric conditions. LDSC of latent factor GWAS results found that SA-derived factors had a positive genetic correlation with bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), and a negative genetic correlation with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), MDD, and insomnia, while CT factors displayed a negative genetic correlation with alcohol dependence. Jointly modeling the genetic architecture of complex traits and investigating multivariate genetic links across phenotypes offers a new vantage point for mapping genetically informed cortical networks.HIGHLIGHTSGenomic SEM can examine genetic correlation across cortical regions.We inferred regional genetic networks of cortical thickness and surface area.Network-associated variants have been implicated in multiple traits.These networks are genetically correlated with several psychiatric disorders including MDD, bipolar, ADHD, and alcohol dependence.