bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coinfections in hospitalized patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Ge Hong‐Han , Wang Gang , Guo Pei‐Jun , Zhao Jing , Zhang Shuai , Xu Yan‐Li , Liu Yuan‐Ni , Ye Xiao‐Lei , Wu Yong‐Xiang , Li Shuang , Yue Ming , Ji Wen‐Juan , Geng Shu‐Ying , Li Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Ai , Yang Zhen‐Dong , Cui Ning , Li Wei , Lin Ling , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick‐borne disease with a high case fatality rate. Few studies have been performed on bacterial or fungal coinfections or the effect of antibiotic therapy. A retrospective, observational study was performed to assess the prevalence of bacterial and fungal coinfections in patients hospitalized for SFTSV infection. The most commonly involved microorganisms and the effect of antimicrobial therapy were determined by the site and source of infection. A total of 1201 patients hospitalized with SFTSV infection were included; 359 (29.9%) had microbiologically confirmed infections, comprised of 292 with community‐acquired infections (CAIs) and 67 with healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs). Death was independently associated with HAIs, with a more significant effect than that observed for CAIs. For bacterial infections, only those acquired in hospitals were associated with fatal outcomes, while fungal infection, whether acquired in hospital or community, was related to an increased risk of fatal outcomes. The infections in the respiratory tract and bloodstream were associated with a higher risk of death than that in the urinary tract. Both antibiotic and antifungal treatments were associated with improved survival for CAIs, while for HAIs, only antibiotic therapy was related to improved survival, and no effect from antifungal therapy was observed. Early administration of glucocorticoids was associated with an increased risk of HAIs. The study provided novel clinical and epidemiological data and revealed risk factors, such as bacterial coinfections, fungal coinfections, infection sources, and treatment strategies associated with SFTS deaths/survival. This report might be helpful in curing SFTS and reducing fatal SFTS.
Bidirectional causal associations between type 2 diabetes and COVID‐19
Authors: Cao Hongbao , Baranova Ancha , Wei Xuejuan , Wang Chun , Zhang Fuquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObservational studies have reported high comorbidity between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and severe COVID‐19. However, the causality between T2D and COVID‐19 has yet to be validated. We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess genetic relationships and potential causal associations between T2D and three COVID‐19 outcomes (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2] infection, COVID‐19 hospitalization, and critical COVID‐19). Molecular pathways connecting SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 were reconstructed to extract insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the connection. We identified a high genetic overlap between T2D and each COVID‐19 outcome (genetic correlations 0.21–0.28). The MR analyses indicated that genetic liability to T2D confers a causal effect on hospitalized COVID‐19 (odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.12) and critical COVID‐19 (1.09, 1.03–1.16), while genetic liability to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection exerts a causal effect on T2D (1.25, 1.00–1.56). There was suggestive evidence that T2D was associated with an increased risk for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (1.02, 1.00–1.03), while critical COVID‐19 (1.06, 1.00–1.13) and hospitalized COVID‐19 (1.09, 0.99–1.19) were associated with an increased risk for T2D. Pathway analysis identified a panel of immunity‐related genes that may mediate the links between T2D and COVID‐19 at the molecular level. Our study provides robust support for the bidirectional causal associations between T2D and COVID‐19. T2D may contribute to amplifying the severity of COVID‐19, while the liability to COVID‐19 may increase the risk for T2D.
Intravenous injection of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells benefits gait and inflammation in a spontaneous osteoarthritis model
Authors: Afzali Maryam F. , Pannone Stephen C. , Martinez Richard B. , Campbell Margaret A. , Sanford Joseph L. , Pezzanite Lynn M. , Kurihara Jade , Johnson Valerie , Dow Steven W. , Santangelo Kelly S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of morbidity among aging populations, yet symptom and/or disease‐modification remains elusive. Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSCs) have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory properties that may alleviate clinical signs and interrupt disease onset and progression. Indeed, multiple manuscripts have evaluated intra‐articular administration of adMSCs as a therapeutic; however, comparatively few evaluations of systemic delivery methods have been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the short‐term impact of intravenous (IV) delivery of allogeneic adMSCs in an established model of spontaneous OA, the Hartley guinea pig. Animals with moderate OA received once weekly injections of 2 × 106 adMSCs or vehicle control for 4 weeks in peripheral veins; harvest occurred 2 weeks after the final injection. Systemic administration of adMSCs resulted in no adverse effects and was efficacious in reducing clinical signs of OA (as assessed by computer‐aided gait analysis) compared to control injected animals. Further, there were significant decreases in key inflammatory mediators (including monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin E2) both systemically (liver, kidney, and serum) and locally in the knee (joint tissues and synovial fluid) in animals treated with IV adMSCs relative to controls (as per enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and/or immunohistochemistry, dictated by tissue sample). Thus, systemic administration of adMSCs by IV injection significantly improved gait parameters and reduced both systemic and intra‐articular inflammatory mediators in animals with OA. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of alternative delivery approaches for cellular therapy of OA, particularly for patients with multiple affected joints.
The pattern of soil microbe metabolic limitation was altered by the increased sheep grazing intensity in two contrasting grasslands: Implications for grassland management in semiarid regions
Authors: Zhang Mei , Song Riquan , Zhang Ruixi , An Xilong , Chu Guixin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil extracellular enzyme stoichiometry (EES) and microbial metabolic limitation deeply reflect soil quality. However, knowledge about the impacts of different grazing intensities on microbial metabolic limitation has not been well‐documented. Herein, the influences of four sheep grazing intensities (ungrazed, UG; lightly grazed, LG; moderately grazed, MG; and heavily grazed, HG) on microbial metabolic limitation were investigated in typical steppe (14‐year grazing) and desert steppe (17‐year grazing). The activities of an extracellular enzyme (EEAs) involved in soil C, N, and P transformation were determined by fluorimetric microplate assay. We found that different grazing intensities significantly affected extracellular enzyme activities and EES. Compared to the treatments of UG, LG, and MG, microbial relative C limitation in the HG treatment increased by 30.5–64.7% and 18.9–33.1%, respectively, in typical and desert steppes, indicating that heavily grazing aggravated soil microbial relative C limitation. Moreover, along with grazing intensity, vector angle decreased from 50.3° to 27.6° and from 71.5° to 58.9° in desert steppe and typical steppe. This indicated that the pattern of microbial metabolism limitation shifted from P limitation to N limitation in desert steppe, and heavily grazing significantly aggravated microbial N limitation in desert steppe. In addition, the desert steppe was more pronounced than the typical steppe to grazing intensity increasing. Therefore, heavily grazing aggravated microbial metabolism limitation, deteriorated grassland quality. The outcomes of this study highlight that lightly grazing can be an effective management practice to maintain grassland ecological services in semi‐arid areas from the perspective of soil microbial metabolic limitation.
Degradation of traditional vineyards in Slovakia by abandonment and soil erosion: A case‐study of Vráble
Authors: Lieskovský Juraj , Kenderessy Pavol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of increased erosion events and decreased management intensity on the degradation of traditional vineyards. The study area is located near Vráble, Slovakia, in an area with warm dry climate with mild winters, and Luvisol and Regosol soils. For the erosion measurements, we used the pole height method, which uses vineyard poles as a passive soil‐surface marker. The erosion of a tilled vineyard increased from 33.47 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in the period 1983–2010 to 55.34 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in the period 2010–2021. In comparison, the erosion of the hoed and grassed vineyard has not changed significantly. We also quantified the regeneration of soil in abandoned vineyards. An average increase in level of the soil surface level after abandonment in 2010 was 0.56 mm yr−1. A control plot showed minimal change in the average exposed pole height over 10 years and confirmed the reliability of the pole height method. Land cover and management practices have dramatically changed in the study area over the last decade. Only 27.16% of the total vineyard area is currently tilled and potentially threatened by soil erosion. On the other hand, 35.73% of the vineyards are abandoned; abandonment is expected to continue into the future. Therefore, the loss of management associated with vineyard abandonment is more strongly linked to their degradation than increased soil erosion intensity.
Are the Sundarbans, the World's largest mangroves region under threat?—An ecosystem‐based geospatial approach to assess changes past, present, and future in relation to natural and human‐induced factors
Authors: Jayanthi Marappan , Duraisamy Muthusamy , Kabiraj Sabyasachi , Thirumurthy Selvasekar , Samynathan Muthusamy , Panigrahi Akshaya , Muralidhar Moturi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe World's most extensive mangrove region, the Sundarbans ecosystem, is highly biodiverse but severely stressed. Past, present, and future potential changes in Sundarbans mangroves have been assessed from multi‐temporal satellite data of 1980, 2000, and 2020, elevation data, and topographical maps using geospatial techniques, digital shoreline analysis system, land change modelling, and ground truth verification. The mangrove loss was 16,025 ha between 1980 and 2020 and is predicted to be 22,286 ha between 2020 and 2050. Major changes were observed in mangroves, waterbodies, mudflats, agriculture, and aquaculture. The shoreline change by endpoint rate indicated the erosion rate by 5.81 m yr−1 in 2000–2020 compared to −0.90 m yr−1 in 1980–2000. The weighted linear regression indicated the average erosion and accretion rate of −5.96 m‐yr −1 and 4.92 m yr−1, respectively, with erosion in 76% of transects and accretion in the remaining 24% between 1980 and 2020. A sea‐level rise by 1 m will inundate 17,486 ha of mangroves. The finding revealed the dynamic nature of mangroves, past and expected future loss, the severely eroding transects, hotspots, and the consequences of mangrove loss on depending the population. As fringe mangroves will be at greater risk, speedy measures are needed to stabilize the highly eroding regions.
Effects of nitrogen addition and watering on soil seed bank germination in a semiarid grassland on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Niu Furong , Huo Lijuan , Wang Zhi , Liu Jinbiao , Gao Zhijuan , Li Min , Xu Bingcheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has caused many adverse effects on ecosystem services. However, the impacts of N deposition and its interaction with soil moisture on soil seed bank remain largely unknown in semiarid grasslands. Here, we quantified the effects of two soil water regimes (HW: watered to field capacity every day; LW: watered to field capacity every 2 days) and two types of N addition (NO3−‐N and NH4+‐N) with different levels on seed bank germination in two separate trials in April and July 2015 in a semiarid grassland on the Loess Plateau, China. Results showed seed bank germination was remarkably inhibited under the LW soil water regime. Species composition of emerged seedlings significantly differed between the two soil water regimes. N addition promoted seed bank germination under the HW soil water regime. This promoting effect was less noticeable under the LW, while still significant in the high level of NH4+‐N in the July trial. N addition did not alter the species composition of emerged seedlings. Overall, this study suggests that soil moisture controls soil seed bank germination and species composition of emerged seedlings. Soil N addition, for example, by N deposition, greatly promotes soil seed bank germination when soil moisture is high (e.g., during seed germination season in July), and still marginally facilitates seed germination under low soil moisture conditions (e.g., at the beginning of the growing season in April). N deposition may therefore deplete the grassland soil seed bank if other processes (e.g., seed input) remain unchanged.
Environmental literacy scenarios lead to land degradation and changes in riparian zones: Implications for policy in China
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Jiajia Li , Tahir Muhammad , Jie Zheng , Li Changxiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental illiteracy threatens ecosystem functions globally, however, many continue to deny its existence. Knowledge deficit theory suggests that suspicions will decrease once officials and the public are presented with new facts. Despite extensive worldwide initiatives to improve riparian buffer zones, there is minimal evidence about the impact of environmental literacy metrics (ELMs) on riparian zone components (RZCs) across different land‐use types (i.e., rural, rural–urban transitional, and urban regions) within the riparian zones of dams and reservoirs. In this study, multiple statistical techniques were used to explore the extent of impacts on a 58,000 km2 area within China's Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR) area/region in 2019. Network visualization investigated RZC themes, such as plant cover, regeneration, exotics, erosion, habitat, and stresses, based on 5326 articles published over the past 121 years. Our analysis revealed the greatest lack of information regarding ELM (e.g., knowledge, attitude, and behaviour) among the general public, which, in turn, had the greatest impact on the components of plant cover in transitional regions and the least impact on regeneration in rural areas. Furthermore, the ELMs of local people had the most significant effect on RZCs, with Pearson correlation values ranging from −0.79 < r < 0.98 throughout the TGDR. In contrast, the ELM of government employees correlated more strongly with RZCs (−0.70 < r < 0.92) in transitional and rural areas. Comparatively, exposed soil, understory cover, and environmentally unfriendly activities, including pollution, were the most significant RZCs within the TGDR. Based on hierarchical methods, RZCs and ELMs differed significantly between land‐use categories. RZCs near dams and reservoirs exhibit many differences; thus, land‐use initiatives are required to raise awareness of their global impacts.
Comprehensive assessment of pollution indices, sources apportionment and ecological risk mapping of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Raebareli District, Uttar Pradesh, India, employing a GIS approach
Authors: Neeraj Ajay , Hiranmai R. Y. , Iqbal Kashifa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the environment, heavy metal contamination is a well known problem due to its persistence and toxicity. Heavy metal pollution has significantly affected soil properties and functions, resulting in significantly increased land degradation as a result of anthropogenic interventions that include mining and various industrial and agriculture activities. While heavy metals pollution in soil have been studied very rarely in this District, this paper explores the current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in Raebareli. This study identifies heavy metals as well as their quantities in the soil and their spatial distribution; our study employed various pollutant indices and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. This research work evaluated the physiochemical properties, the pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF) and the degree of contamination and geoaccumulation (Igeo) in sodic soils of the Raebareli District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Uchahaar site (US) has the most polluted soil, while the Bacharawa site (BS) has the least contaminated soil. The soil quality has degraded due to anthropogenic interventions at most sites. There is slight to moderate contamination by heavy metals at all sites. The Igeo values in subSites US1, US2 and US3 included high levels of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Sr. SubSites BS2 and BS3 have high Sr levels and US1 has a high As level all these Subsites have high anthropogenic influences. The PLI values indicate that most of the study subSites come under a slightly polluted class, except US1 where the PLl  was > 3 indicating severe heavy metal pollution at this site. All the pollution indices have then been utilized for building maps using the IDW method of interpolation. The spatial projection of PLI and ecological risk index (Er) values suggest that the northern part of Raebareli has a high pollution load and ecological risk in terms of heavy metal pollution. This study provide valuable information that policymakers could use to develop an appropriate plan to control pollution within the agricultural sector.
Cocrystallization of Polyethylene Blends during TREF–GPC Cross‐Fractionation Characterization
Authors: Piriyakulkit Piriyakorn , Kanoknukulchai Kataguna , Potisatityuenyong Anupat , Anantawaraskul Siripon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCross‐fractionation characterization (CFC) between temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a technique developed to determine the bivariate molecular weight and chemical composition distribution (MWDxCCD), a unique and detailed microstructural fingerprint of polyolefin. Like other crystallization‐based characterization techniques, CFC may suffer from cocrystallization effects during analysis, which can mislead the interpretation of polymer microstructures. However, cocrystallization phenomena during CFC analysis are not investigated, especially for industrial polymers. In this study, the cocrystallization effect during CFC analysis is systematically investigated using two series of binary blends based on four individual polyethylene samples. These individual samples have distinct microstructural characteristics, representing polyethylene produced using different polymerization processes and catalytic systems. The effects of microstructural characteristics and blending ratio on cocrystallization level are examined. When the CFC profiles of individual components do not overlap, a high level of cocrystallization can be observed. Furthermore, the behavior of how the blending ratio affects cocrystallization depends on the characteristics of CFC profiles of individual component and their interactions. The level of cocrystallization in binary blends increases with the weight fraction of the component having microstructures eluted in the cocrystallization temperature range.
Continuous Monitoring of Essential Tremor: Standards and Challenges
Authors: McGurrin Patrick , McNames James , Haubenberger Dietrich , Hallett Mark 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe value of continuous symptom monitoring in people with essential tremor is uncertain.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between tremor amplitude measured with wearable inertial sensors and clinician‐ and patient‐rated measures.MethodsFor 14 days, patients (1) wore inertial sensors on both wrists, (2) self‐rated their tremor using a diary, (3) drew spirals, and (4) completed an activities of daily living scale once daily. Patients were also scored using The Essential Tremor Rating Scale (TETRAS) performance in the clinic by a clinician.ResultsWe found strong correlations in patient‐reported metrics of tremor, but weak correlations between these data and both the inertial sensor data and the in‐clinic TETRAS scores.ConclusionsThe patient experience of tremor during normal daily activities may differ from the transducer‐based measures of tremor amplitude and rating scales of tremor severity. Future studies should consider how to record features of tremor that are important to patients.
Tremor and Movement Slowness Are Two Unrelated Adverse Effects Induced by Valproate Intake
Authors: De Biase Alessandro , Paparella Giulia , Angelini Luca , Cannavacciuolo Antonio , Colella Donato , Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Berardelli Alfredo , Bologna Matteo 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo date, only a few clinical and neurophysiological studies have assessed the features of valproate‐induced tremor (VIT), and whether valproate (VPA) affects voluntary movements is underinvestigated.ObjectiveTo better characterize the clinical and neurophysiological features of VIT in patients with epilepsy and the effect of VPA on the execution of voluntary movement.MethodsWe tested 29 patients with VIT (13 taking VPA alone and 16 taking VPA plus other antiepileptics). Patients underwent a neurological examination, video recordings and kinematic assessments of postural, kinetic, and resting upper limb tremor using a motion analysis system. Movement execution was tested by kinematic assessment of finger tapping. Data of patients with VIT were compared with those of 13 patients with epilepsy taking VPA but without tremor, 13 patients with epilepsy who were not on VPA treatment, 20 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 20 healthy controls (HCs).ResultsClinical and kinematic evaluations showed that tremor in patients taking VPA alone was less severe than tremor in patients taking VPA plus other antiepileptics. All patients taking VPA, regardless of the presence of tremor, performed slower finger tapping compared with HCs, similar to what was observed in PD, although with no sequence effect. Patients with epilepsy without VPA showed a normal motor performance.ConclusionsTremor and movement slowness are motor signs induced by VPA. VIT severity is exacerbated when VPA is taken in combination with other antiepileptics. VPA‐induced slowness occurs regardless of tremor, may precede tremor development, and is not attributed to epilepsy.