bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid α‐Synuclein Real‐Time Quaking‐Induced Conversion Identifies Lewy Body Pathology in LRRK2‐PD
Authors: Garrido Alicia , Fairfoul Graham , Tolosa Eduardo , Marti Maria J. , Ezquerra Mario , Green Alison J E 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations (LRRK2‐PD) is heterogeneous and varies with the type of mutation. There are only a few studies evaluating seeding aggregation assays to detect α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in patients with LRRK2‐PD.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether α‐syn real‐time quaking induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) is a sensitive biomarker of synucleinopathy in LRRK2‐PD.MethodsWe studied α‐syn RT‐QuIC in brain tissue and postmortem ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of LRRK2‐PD cases with and without Lewy‐type pathology.ResultsThe accuracy of α‐syn RT‐QuIC in substantia nigra and CSF samples of patients with LRRK2‐PD was 100%. The test also obtained 100% sensitivity to detect misfolded α‐syn in substantia nigra of cases with idiopathic PD and was negative in the substantia nigra of all the control brains without Lewy‐type pathology.ConclusionsSubstantia nigra and ventricular CSF RT‐QuIC discriminates with high sensitivity and specificity LRRK2 cases with Lewy‐type pathology from those without it. RT‐QuIC assay could be of particular interest in the selection of cases for clinical trials in this genetic form of PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A pediatric quantitative systems pharmacology model of neurofilament trafficking in spinal muscular atrophy treated with the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen
Authors: Paris Alessio , Bora Pranami , Parolo Silvia , MacCannell Drew , Monine Michael , van der Munnik Nick , Tong Xiao , Eraly Satish , Berger Zdenek , Graham Danielle , Ferguson Toby , Domenici Enrico , Nestorov Ivan , Marchetti Luca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNfH) has been recently identified as a promising biomarker of disease onset and treatment efficacy in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). This study introduces a quantitative systems pharmacology model representing the SMA pediatric scenario in the age range of 0–20 years with and without treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen. Physiological changes typical of the pediatric age and the contribution of SMA and its treatment to the peripheral pNfH levels were included in the model by extending the equations of a previously developed mathematical model describing the neurofilament trafficking in healthy adults. All model parameters were estimated by fitting data from clinical trials that enrolled SMA patients treated with nusinersen. The data from the control group of the study was employed to build an in silico population of untreated subjects, and the parameters related to the treatment were estimated by fitting individual pNfH time series of SMA patients followed during the treatment. The final model reproduces well the pNfH levels in the presence of SMA in both the treated and untreated conditions. The results were validated by comparing model predictions with the data obtained from an additional cohort of SMA patients. The reported good predictive model performance makes it a valuable tool for investigating pNfH as a biomarker of disease progression and treatment response in SMA and for the in silico evaluation of novel treatment protocols.
Incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion based path‐following control for a hybrid quad‐plane unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Zhou Li , Yang Jingtao , Strampe Tilman , Klingauf Uwe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHybrid quad‐plane unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which combine the advantages of multicopters and fixed‐wing UAVs, are gaining increasing attention. However, quad‐planes are characterized by complex structures, high nonlinearity, strong coupling, and three flight regimes (hover, transition, and fixed‐wing flight), which bring great challenges to the research of their control laws. This article aims to design control laws for a quad‐plane in fixed‐wing and hover flight regimes based on a robust nonlinear control method, incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI), so that the quad‐plane can follow a given path autonomously. Firstly, a mathematical model of the quad‐plane is established on the basis of kinematics and dynamics. Subsequently, cascade control structures are proposed and divided into inner and outer loops. A control law is designed for each control loop based on INDI. To improve the performance of the designed control law, reference models are added to the inner loops to shape the input commands and provide feedforward inputs. Finally, simulation results corroborate the performance and robustness of the proposed control law. Compared with the control law designed by active disturbance rejection control and proportional‐integral‐derivative control methods, the INDI‐based control law is more robust.
Event‐triggered dynamic surface control of uncertain nonlinear networked systems subject to transmission delays
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Jalali Ali Akbar , Batmani Yazdan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an event‐triggered dynamic surface control technique is proposed for strict‐feedback uncertain nonlinear networked systems in the presence of network‐induced time delays. First, an event‐based dynamic surface control law is designed. Then, by rewriting the control law as a communication‐delay‐distribution‐dependent model, the closed‐loop error dynamics is derived and modeled as a linear time‐delay system with perturbation terms. Next, a periodic event‐triggering condition is designed by imposing some inequality constraints on the perturbations. A theorem related to the ultimate boundedness and quadratic tracking of the closed‐loop system is presented. The proposed technique is utilized to design a decentralized dynamic surface control structure with event‐triggered inter‐vehicle communications for a vehicle platoon.
Transport dynamics of sediment‐laden jet: A review
Authors: Chen Yongping , Otoo Ebenezer , Chen Yuhang , Xu Zhenshan , Li Xingfei , Zhou Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWastewater disposal through the dumping of spoil and sludge into the river, lake, or ocean is typically in the form of a sediment‐laden jet. The inorganic and organic solids from the effluent settling close to the source often result in the formation of sludge banks which can have a damaging effect on the marine ecosystem. Therefore, predicting the transport and deposition of sediment‐laden wastewater jet flows has been a focus of intense research for decades. In this paper, we discussed the fundamental understanding of sediment‐laden jets and the progress made in their predictions. We also highlighted some of the pertinent research challenges revealed by the previous studies and identified some key research issues that need to be addressed to achieve sustainable marine wastewater disposal in the face of increasing river, lake, and marine pollution.
The 2022 extreme drought in the Yangtze River Basin: Characteristics, causes and response strategies
Authors: Ma Miaomiao , Qu Yanping , Lyu Juan , Zhang Xuejun , Su Zhicheng , Gao Hui , Yang Xiaojing , Chen Xixi , Jiang Tianliang , Zhang Jiexiang , Shen Mengyan , Wang Zhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn extreme drought occurred in the Yangtze River Basin in 2022, inflicting huge impacts nationwide. To provide a reference for drought prevention and mitigation, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the drought in the Yangtze River Basin in terms of its characteristics, causes, impacts, and response strategies. It concludes that this extreme drought stood out by its long duration, wide impact range, and severe intensity, as a combined result of abnormal high‐temperature weather and massive social water consumption. Serious impacts are observed in various fields of the economy, including agricultural irrigation, urban and rural water supply, power generation, and navigation. Finally, drought mitigation measures and effects are examined, and future drought response and mitigation strategies are proposed.
Deep Learning of Dual Plasma Fingerprints for High‐Performance Infection Classification
Authors: Cao Jing , Xiao Yan , Zhang Mengji , Huang Lin , Wang Ying , Liu Wanshan , Wang Xinming , Wu Jiao , Huang Yida , Wang Ruimin , Zhou Li , Li Lin , Zhang Yong , Ren Lili , Qian Kun , Wang Jianwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfection classification is the key for choosing the proper treatment plans. Early determination of the causative agents is critical for disease control. Host responses analysis can detect variform and sensitive host inflammatory responses to ascertain the presence and type of the infection. However, traditional host‐derived inflammatory indicators are insufficient for clinical infection classification. Fingerprints‐based omic analysis has attracted increasing attention globally for analyzing the complex host systemic immune response. A single type of fingerprints is not applicable for infection classification (area under curve (AUC) of 0.550–0.617). Herein, an infection classification platform based on deep learning of dual plasma fingerprints (DPFs‐DL) is developed. The DPFs with high reproducibility (coefficient of variation <15%) are obtained at low sample consumption (550 nL native plasma) using inorganic nanoparticle and organic matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. A classifier (DPFs‐DL) for viral versus bacterial infection discrimination (AUC of 0.775) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐2019) diagnosis (AUC of 0.917) is also built. Furthermore, a metabolic biomarker panel of two differentially regulated metabolites, which may serve as potential biomarkers for COVID‐19 management (AUC of 0.677–0.883), is constructed. This study will contribute to the development of precision clinical care for infectious diseases.
Population dynamics and the effect of drought in the threatened Nubian ibex
Authors: Tichon Jonathan , Freiman Elyasaf , Spiegel Orr , Baruchi Erez , Atar Aviam , Lapid Roi , King Roni , Bar‐David Shirli , Saltz David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEstimating key state variables such as abundance, survival, and recruitment of wild populations, and their interaction with local conditions such as precipitation, is essential for state‐dependent decision making and management. Estimation of state variables remains challenging, especially in species such as mountain ungulates inhabiting rugged and remote terrains. Camera traps present a technological advance that can mitigate some of the challenges in state estimation and can be used to enhance existing methods. Here, we combined camera traps, individual markings, and GPS tracking to estimate abundance and survival for the threatened Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) population of the Judean Desert, Israel. Since precipitation is a key determinant for recruitment in desert ungulates, we complemented our estimates with kid‐female ratios and regional precipitation records. Between 2016 and 2019, we individually marked 48 ibex of which 38 were also fitted with GPS collars within the Judean Desert. We performed 6 days of camera‐trap surveys each year to estimate abundance for the north Judean Desert population using mark‐resight in a robust‐design framework. Weight‐averaged abundance estimates for 2017–2019, respectively, were as follows:  = 267 (95% CI = 117–418, SE = 51.27), 201 (95% CI = 115–288, SE = 36.85), and 226 (95% CI = 154–299, SE = 36.94) for females, and  = 291 (95% CI = 154–299, SE = 36.94), 160 (95% CI = 108–212, SE = 25.19), and 283 (95% CI = 181–384, SE = 29.76) for males. By augmenting data from telemetry with camera traps, we estimated survival via known fates for the entire Judean Desert (north, mid, and south populations). Weight‐averaged survival estimates for 2016–2019, respectively, were:  = 0.99 (95% CI = 0.97–1.00, SE = 0.012), 0.90 (95% CI = 0.24–0.99, SE = 0.153), 0.87 (95% CI = 0.62–0.97, SE = 0.081), and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.69–0.96, SE = 0.062) for females, and  = 0.77 (95% CI = 0.26–0.97, SE = 0.203), 0.64 (95% CI = 0.33–0.86, SE = 0.151), 0.85 (95% CI = 0.60–0.96, SE = 0.087), and 0.88 (95% CI = 0.69–0.96, SE = 0.062) for males. The interannual trends of abundance and survival estimates corresponded with observed kid‐female ratios and the regional precipitation records, reflecting a population decline following 2017's drought and an increase following the increased precipitation in 2018. Our findings substantiate the efficacy of using camera traps to estimate Nubian ibex's key state variables, as well as detecting population trends driven by environmental conditions. Despite being costly, the capacity of statistically‐robust methods to estimate key state variables is indispensable, and camera traps make similar methods increasingly more feasible in remote and inaccessible populations.
On a local-global principle for quadratic twists of abelian varieties
Authors: Fité Francesc 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet A and $$A'$$

A
′

be abelian varieties defined over a number field k of dimension $$g\ge 1$$

g
≥
1

. For $$g\le 3$$

g
≤
3

, we show that the following local-global principle holds: A and $$A'$$

A
′

are quadratic twists of each other if and only if, for almost all primes $$\mathfrak {p}$$
p
of k of good reduction for A and $$A'$$

A
′

, the reductions $$A_\mathfrak {p}$$

A
p

and $$A_\mathfrak {p}'$$

A

p

′

are quadratic twists of each other. This result is known when $$g=1$$

g
=
1

, in which case it has appeared in works by Kings, Rajan, Ramakrishnan, and Serre. We provide an example that violates this local-global principle in dimension $$g=4$$

g
=
4

.
Ameliorative effects of quercetin against hepatic toxicity of oral sub-chronic co-exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles and lead-acetate in male rats
Authors: Abo-EL-Sooud Khaled , Abd-Elhakim Yasmina M. , Hashem Mohamed M. M. , El-Metwally Abeer E. , Hassan Bayan A. , El-Nour Hayat H. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the probable ameliorative role of quercetin (QCN) against oxidative hepatotoxicity induced by aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) with a diameter < 30 nm and lead acetate (Pb) co-exposure in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were weighed and allocated to seven groups (n = 10 each) and were treated orally via orogastric gavage for 60 successive days: rats of the 1st group were kept as control given distilled water (1 ml/kg), rats of the 2nd group received 2 ml/kg BW/day corn oil; rats of the 3rd group were administered 20 mg/kg BW QCN/day; rats of the 4th group received 100 mg/kg BW Al2O3NPs; rats of the 5th group received 50 mg/kg BW Pb; rats of the 6th group co-received Al2O3NPs and Pb at the same previous doses; and rats of the 7th group were co-administered Al2O3NPs, Pb, and QCN at the same previous doses. At the end of the experiment, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total, direct, indirect bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were estimated. The hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated. Finally, the histopathological and histomorphometric evaluations and the residues of Al and Pb in hepatic tissues were assessed. Al2O3NPs and/or Pb exposure significantly elevated lipid peroxidation levels and considerably altered the hepatic biochemical parameters; nevertheless, QCN significantly reduced hepatic enzymes compared to toxicant exposed groups. Additionally, QCN significantly improved Al2O3NPs-afforded liver tissue damage, as established in microscopic findings on the liver in the group treated with Al2O3NPs + Pb. Conclusively, QCN could be a candidate natural agent to safeguard the liver versus the co-harmful impacts of Al2O3NPs and Pb toxicity.
New treatment options for metastatic HER2-low breast cancer
Authors: Denkert Carsten , Lebeau Annette , Schildhaus Hans Ulrich , Jackisch Christian , Rüschoff Josef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe overexpression of HER2 in breast cancer is a classic example for molecular targeted therapy, and it has been shown that classical anti-HER2 therapeutics were only effective in patients with HER2 overexpressing tumors. Therefore, in recent decades, pathologists have been focused on the reliable identification of HER2 overexpressing tumors. Based on the results of recent clinical trials in metastatic breast cancer with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), this diagnostic strategy for evaluation of HER2 is currently changing. It has been shown that the ADC trastuzumab-deruxtecan is effective not only against tumors with classical HER2 overexpression, but also against HER2-low tumors. These clinical trial results lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients whose tumours were previously classified as HER2 negative. In addition to the identification of HER2 (score 3+) overexpressing tumors, it is necessary to identify HER2-low expressing tumors (defined as an immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 1+ or IHC2+ with negative in situ hybridization).Due to the therapeutic consequences, it is important to quickly adapt the diagnostic workup and reporting to the new requirements. In addition, the new therapeutic options for anti-HER2 therapy lead to new challenges for standardization as well as to new scientific questions for the characterization of tumors with low HER2 expression.
Towards universal comparability of pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation: a coronary computed tomography angiography phantom study
Authors: Etter Dominik , Warnock Geoff , Koszarski Frederic , Niemann Tilo , Mikail Nidaa , Bengs Susan , Buechel Ronny R. , Kaufmann Philipp , Gebhard Cathérine , Rossi Alexia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Different computed tomography (CT) scanners, variations in acquisition protocols, and technical parameters employed for image reconstruction may introduce bias in the analysis of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the effect of tube voltage, measured as kilovoltage peak (kVp), and iterative reconstruction on PCAT mean attenuation (PCATMA).

Methods
Twelve healthy ex vivo porcine hearts were injected with iodine-enriched agar-agar to allow for ex vivo CCTA imaging on a 256-slice CT and a dual-source CT system. Images were acquired at tube voltages of 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp and reconstructed by using both filtered back projection and iterative reconstruction algorithms. PCATMA was measured semi-automatically on CCTA images in the proximal segment of coronary arteries.

Results
The tube voltage showed a significant effect on PCATMA measurements on both the 256-slice CT scanner (p < 0.001) and the dual-source CT system (p = 0.013), resulting in higher attenuation values with increasing tube voltage. Similarly, the use of iterative reconstructions was associated with a significant increase of PCATMA (256-slice CT: p < 0.001 and dual-source CT: p = 0.014). Averaged conversion factors to correct PCATMA measurements for tube voltage other than 120 kVp were 1.267, 1.080 and 0.947 for 80, 100, and 140 kVp, respectively.

Conclusion
PCATMA values are significantly affected by acquisition and reconstruction parameters. The same tube voltage and reconstruction type are recommended when PCAT attenuation is used in multicenter and longitudinal studies.

Key Points
• The tube voltage used for CCTA acquisition affects pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation, resulting in higher attenuation values of fat with increasing tube voltage.
• Conversion factors for pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation values could be used to adjust for differences in attenuation between scans performed at different tube voltages.
• In longitudinal CCTA studies employing pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation as imaging endpoint, it is recommended to maintain tube voltage and image reconstruction type constant across serial scans.
Shoulder complaints and incidence of shoulder pathologies after contralateral major amputation in the mid and long-term
Authors: Rausch Valentin , Heider Maximilian , Heute Christoph , Rosteius Thomas , Seybold Dominik , Geßmann Jan , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Königshausen Matthias 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Amputations of the upper extremity are rare but present a life-altering event that is accompanied with considerable restrictions for the affected patients. Even with functional prosthesis, tasks of the amputated limb are usually transferred to the unaffected arm which could result in complaints of the unaffected shoulder in the mid and long term. We therefore aimed to investigate musculoskeletal pain and morphological degenerative changes of the shoulder following a contralateral amputation.

Materials and methods
We included all patients with a major amputation treated at our institution with a minimum of three years since the amputation. All patients received an MRI of both shoulders and were investigated using validated scores for the upper extremity and physical activity (SSV, ASES, DASH, GPAQ, SF-36). Results of the MRIs were investigated for morphological changes by two blinded investigators comparing the side of the amputation and the unharmed upper extremity and results were correlated to the time since amputation and their physical activity.

Results
A total of 20 patients with a mean age of 56 ± 19.9 years (range, 23–82 years) could be included in the study. The mean time since the amputation was 26.3 ± 19 years (range, 3–73 years). On the unharmed upper extremity, the mean SSV was 61.9 ± 24.6, the mean ASES-Score 54.5 ± 20.3, the Constant-score of 63.7 ± 40.4 and a DASH-score of 47.6 ± 23.8. The MRI of the unharmed shoulder showed significant more full-thickness rotator cuff tears and joint effusion compared to the side of the amputation. Significant differences in the degree of a glenohumeral arthritis, AC-joint arthritis, or partial rotator cuff tears could not be found between shoulders.

Conclusion
Amputations of the upper extremity are associated with a high disability of the unharmed upper extremity and more full thickness rotator cuff tears compared to the side of the amputation. However, the small number of patients and rotator cuff injuries should be kept in mind when interpreting the data.

Level of evidence
IV (retrospective case series).