bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between alcohol use and dementia in adults aged more than 60 years: a combined analysis of prospective, individual‐participant data from 15 international studies
Authors: Mewton Louise , Visontay Rachel , Hoy Nicholas , Lipnicki Darren M. , Sunderland Matthew , Lipton Richard B. , Guerchet Maëlenn , Ritchie Karen , Najar Jenna , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Kim Ki‐Woong , Riedel Heller Steffi , van Boxtel Martin , Jacobsen Erin , Brodaty Henry , Anstey Kaarin J. , Haan Mary , Scazufca Marcia , Lobo Elena , Sachdev Perminder S. ,   Collaborators from the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo synthesize international findings on the alcohol–dementia relationship, including representation from low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsIndividual participant data meta‐analysis of 15 prospective epidemiological cohort studies from countries situated in six continents. Cox regression investigated the dementia risk associated with alcohol use in older adults aged over 60 years. Additional analyses assessed the alcohol–dementia relationship in the sample stratified by sex and by continent. Participants included 24 478 community dwelling individuals without a history of dementia at baseline and at least one follow‐up dementia assessment. The main outcome measure was all‐cause dementia as determined by clinical interview.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age across studies was 71.8 (standard deviation = 7.5, range = 60–102 years), 14 260 (58.3%) were female and 13 269 (54.2%) were current drinkers. During 151 636 person‐years of follow‐up, there were 2124 incident cases of dementia (14.0 per 1000 person‐years). When compared with abstainers, the risk for dementia was lower in occasional [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.89], light–moderate (HR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.70–0.87) and moderate–heavy drinkers (HR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.51–0.77). There was no evidence of differences between life‐time abstainers and former drinkers in terms of dementia risk (HR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.81–1.18). In dose–response analyses, moderate drinking up to 40 g/day was associated with a lower risk of dementia when compared with lif‐time abstaining. Among current drinkers, there was no consistent evidence for differences in terms of dementia risk. Results were similar when the sample was stratified by sex. When analysed at the continent level, there was considerable heterogeneity in the alcohol–dementia relationship.ConclusionsAbstinence from alcohol appears to be associated with an increased risk for all‐cause dementia. Among current drinkers, there appears to be no consistent evidence to suggest that the amount of alcohol consumed in later life is associated with dementia risk.
Genome‐wide association study for carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle using additional relatives' information of non‐genotyped animals
Authors: Kim Hyoun Ju , de las Heras‐Saldana Sara , Moghaddar Nasir , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Lim Dajeong , van der Werf Julius H. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find significant genomic regions associated with carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle and to compare the benefit of using additional information from non‐genotyped animals. Imputed whole‐genome sequence data were used along with phenotypic data on 13 715 genotyped animals as well as phenotypes of 440 284 non‐genotyped animals that were offspring of 454 genotyped sires. For carcass weight, 15 083 SNPs in 33 QTL regions and 313 candidate genes were identified. We found 410 SNPs in 17 QTL regions containing 122 candidate genes for back fat thickness. In total, 656 SNPs in 19 QTLs with 137 candidate genes for eye muscle area and 79 SNPs in 12 QTL regions with 77 candidate genes were identified for marbling score. The most important candidate genes included ZFAT, TG, PLAG1, CHCHD7, and TOX for carcass weight and eye muscle area, NOG for back fat thickness, and EVOVL5 for marbling score. This study showed that the use of phenotypic records on non‐genotyped progeny along with imputed whole‐genome sequence data increased the power of detecting new significant genomic regions.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a systematic review of treatment and mortality in more than 1000 cases
Authors: Harley Frances , Wei Gavin , O'Callaghan Michael , Wong Lih‐Ming , Hennessey Derek , Kinnear Ned 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo systematically review the current demographics, treatment and mortality rate associated with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) and to test the hypothesis that the weighted pooled peri‐operative mortality rate will be <10%.MethodsSearches were performed of the Cochrane, Embase and Medline databases and the grey literature for studies published during the period 1 January 2000 to 30 August 2021. Eligible studies reported cohorts of ≥10 predominantly adult patients with XGP and described either average patient age or mortality rate.ResultsIn total, 40 eligible studies were identified, representing 1139 patients with XGP. There were 18 deaths, with a weighted pooled peri‐operative mortality rate of 1436 per 100 000 patients. The mean age was 49 years, 70% of patients were female and 28% had diabetes mellitus. The left kidney was more commonly affected (60%). Four patients had bilateral XGP, and all of whom survived. Renal or ureteric stones were present in 69% of patients, including 48% with staghorn calculi. Urine culture was positive in 59% of cases. Fistulae were present in 8%. Correct preoperative diagnosis occurred in only 45% of patients. Standard treatment continues to comprise a short cause of antibiotics and open radical (total) nephrectomy. Preoperative decompression occurred in 56% of patients. When considered at all, laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed in 34% of patients. Partial nephrectomy was conducted in 2% of patients.ConclusionsXanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis has a lower mortality rate than historically reported. A typical patient is a woman in her fifth or sixth decade of life with urolithiasis. While open radical nephrectomy remains the most common treatment method, laparoscopic, and to a lesser degree partial nephrectomy, are feasible in well selected patients.
Pre‐transplant cognitive screening is a poor predictor of post‐transplant cognitive status
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Montgomery Robert N. , Young Kate , Mukherjee Rishav , Chakraborty Shweta , Thomas Tashra S. , Cibrik Diane M. , Drew David , Sarnak Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionTransplant centers hesitate to transplant patients with cognitive impairment. It is unclear if pre‐kidney transplant (KT) cognitive screening can predict post‐KT cognitive function.MethodsWe evaluated pre‐ to post‐KT cognitive function with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in a cohort of 108 patients. We used an adjusted logistic regression model to assess pre‐ to post‐KT changes in cognitive status (continuous variable) and a linear mixed model to assess changes in MoCA scores (categorical variable) pre‐ to post‐ KT.ResultsThe average pre‐ and post‐KT MoCA scores were 25.3 ± 3.0 and 26.4 ± 2.8, respectively. Final pre‐KT score did not predict post‐KT cognitive status (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: .92–1.26; P = .35). 32% of the patients with a final pre‐KT score ≥26 had at least one post‐KT score < 26. Conversely, 61% of the patients with a final pre‐KT score < 26 had at least one post KT score ≥26. In the linear mixed model analysis, the final pre‐KT score was associated with a small, clinically insignificant (β = .34; 95% CI: .19–.49; P < .001) effect on the post‐KT score.ConclusionA low pre‐KT MoCA score is not a strong independent predictor of post‐KT cognitive function and should not preclude patients from receiving a KT.
I want a quiet life! On productivity and competition in the Central European energy sector
Authors: Steinbrunner Philipp 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn important proposition in Economics claims that competition spurs technical efficiency, as it forces firms to raise competitiveness to survive market pressure. This study examines the effects of firm‐level Lerner indexes on productivity, using a dataset on energy firms from Central European postcommunist countries during 2009–2017. The energy sector is of particular interest, as markets are still concentrated, although governments have liberalized them considerably. To contribute to the literature, I derive Lerner indexes from the production function next to involving the return on sales. Supporting the literature, the overall results highlight that market power significantly decreases productivity.
Consumers' relationship with mass prestige brands and happiness
Authors: Nobre Helena , Kumar Ajay , Kastanakis Minas N. , Paul Justin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how the relationships consumers establish with prestigious brands can lead to brand happiness. A study of 545 responses covering 19 global brands assessed consumers' perceptions of their relationship with prestigious brands—in both functional and symbolic categories—and brand happiness. Using structural equation modeling and moderation analysis, we show that (1) the prestige associated with brands induces consumers to formulate relationships with those brands and (2) brands' mass prestige (masstige) helps them achieve brand happiness. We show that consumers' attitudes toward luxury brands moderate the masstige–brand happiness relationship. In addition, brand classification (functional vs. symbolic) is an important moderator, with consumers perceiving symbolic brands as more intimate and, thus, as exhibiting more prestige and contributing more to brand happiness than functional brands. The more passionate consumers' relationship with a masstige brand, the happier they are with the brand.
I didn't promise, I said inshallah1: Saudi Arabian employees' perceptions of the importance of implicit promises within the psychological contract
Authors: Aldossari Maryam , Robertson Maxine , Chaudhry Sara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe psychological contract was both conceptualised and has been investigated primarily in Western contexts. While research has demonstrated its utility for exploring the nature of the individual employment relationship in other cultures, the fundamental tenets of the psychological contract have never been challenged. In particular, there is an absence of empirical research on how the notion of implicit promises might be viewed in Eastern contexts, in spite of promises constituting a significant plank of employee interpretation of the psychological contract. Using two case studies in Saudi Arabia, this research investigates how different sources of information influence the construction of implicit promises in a culturally unique employment context. We propose a theoretical model that outlines key factors that shape employee beliefs of implicit promises in order to guide future research in the field of psychological contracts.
Hidden but revealed: After years of genetic studies behavioural monitoring combined with genomics uncover new insight into the population dynamics of Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters
Authors: Pampoulie Christophe , Berg Paul Ragnar , Jentoft Sissel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStock structure is of paramount importance for sustainable management of exploited resources. In that context, genetic markers have been used for more than two decades to resolve spatial structure of marine exploited resources and to fully fathom stock dynamics and interactions. While genetic markers such as allozymes and RFLP dominated the debate in the early era of genetics, technology advances have provided scientists with new tools every decade to better assess stock discrimination and interactions (i.e. gene flow). Here, we provide a review of genetic studies performed to understand stock structure of Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters, from the early allozyme approaches to the genomic work currently carried out. We further highlight the importance of the generation of a chromosome‐anchored genome assembly together with whole‐genome population data, which drastically changed our perception of the possible management units to consider. After nearly 60 years of genetic investigation of Atlantic cod structure in Icelandic waters, genetic (and later genomic) data combined with behavioural monitoring using Data Storage Tags shifted the attention from geographical population structures to behavioural ecotypes. This review also demonstrates the need for future research to further disentangle the impact of these ecotypes (and gene flow among them) on the population structure of Atlantic cod in Icelandic waters. It also highlights the importance of whole‐genome data to unravel unexpected within‐species diversity related to chromosomal inversions and associated supergenes, which are important to consider for future development of sustainable management programmes of the species within the North Atlantic.
Endospores associated with deep seabed geofluid features in the eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Rattray Jayne E. , Chakraborty Anirban , Elizondo Gretta , Ellefson Emily , Bernard Bernie , Brooks James , Hubert Casey R. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent studies have reported up to 1.9 × 1029 bacterial endospores in the upper kilometre of deep subseafloor marine sediments, however, little is understood about their origin and dispersal. In cold ocean environments, the presence of thermospores (endospores produced by thermophilic bacteria) suggests that distribution is governed by passive migration from warm anoxic sources possibly facilitated by geofluid flow, such as advective hydrocarbon seepage sourced from petroleum deposits deeper in the subsurface. This study assesses this hypothesis by measuring endospore abundance and distribution across 60 sites in Eastern Gulf of Mexico (EGM) sediments using a combination of the endospore biomarker 2,6‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid or ‘dipicolinic acid’ (DPA), sequencing 16S rRNA genes of thermospores germinated in 50°C sediment incubations, petroleum geochemistry in the sediments and acoustic seabed data from sub‐bottom profiling. High endospore abundance is associated with geologically active conduit features (mud volcanoes, pockmarks, escarpments and fault systems), consistent with subsurface fluid flow dispersing endospores from deep warm sources up into the cold ocean. Thermospores identified at conduit sites were most closely related to bacteria associated with the deep biosphere habitats including hydrocarbon systems. The high endospore abundance at geological seep features demonstrated here suggests that recalcitrant endospores and their chemical components (such as DPA) can be used in concert with geochemical and geophysical analyses to locate discharging seafloor features. This multiproxy approach can be used to better understand patterns of advective fluid flow in regions with complex geology like the EGM basin.
High interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility among pathologists assessing PD‐L1 CPS across multiple indications
Authors: Nuti Shanthy , Zhang Yiwei , Zerrouki Nabila , Roach Charlotte , Bänfer Gudrun , Kumar George L , Manna Edward , Diezko Rolf , Kersch Kristopher , Rüschoff Josef , Jasani Bharat 
Published: August 2022

AimsA common concern among pathologists scoring PD‐L1 immunohistochemical staining is interobserver and intraobserver variability. We assessed the interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility of PD‐L1 scoring among trained pathologists using a combined positive score (CPS; tumour cell and tumour‐associated immune cell staining).Methods and resultsData were collected for 2 years (2017–2019) from 456 pathologists worldwide. Digital training encompassed unique, tumour‐specific training, and test sets. Samples were stained using PD‐L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx and evaluated at specific CPS cutoffs for gastric cancer (GC), cervical cancer (CC), urothelial cancer (UC), oesophageal cancer (OC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Pathologists underwent expert‐to‐peer training and scored 20 blinded samples on day 1 and 25 blinded samples on day 2 (including 15 of the day 1 samples). Interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility were assessed. For GC (120 observers) and CC (32 observers) samples assessed at CPS ≥1, average interobserver agreement was 91.5% and 91.0%, respectively, and average intraobserver agreement was 90.2% and 96.6%, respectively. For UC (139 observers) and OC (52 observers) samples measured at CPS ≥10, average interobserver agreement was 93.4% and 93.7%, respectively, and average intraobserver agreement was 92.0% and 92.5%, respectively. For HNSCC samples (113 observers), average interobserver agreement was 94.1% at CPS ≥1 and 86.5% at CPS ≥20; intraobserver agreement was 94.7% at CPS ≥1 and 90.5% at CPS ≥20.ConclusionThe consistently high interobserver and intraobserver concordance rates support the effectiveness of face‐to‐face training of many global pathologists for scoring PD‐L1 CPS across multiple indications at several specific cutoffs.
Consumer financial information processing: An integrated approach to examine individual differences
Authors: Fan Lu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study applied an integrated approach to construct a hierarchical framework for consumer financial information processing. Individual differences in customers' psychological, cognitive and motivational characteristics were examined as antecedents. Using data collected from a sample of 613 U.S. adults, this study used the structural equation modeling method to identify significant direct and indirect relationships amongst personality traits, financial self‐efficacy, financial information‐gathering ability, search motivation, financial information sufficiency and the utilization of heuristics and systematic financial information‐processing modes. The results showed that consumers' information sufficiency (+) directly explained the application of the heuristic mode, whereas consumers' information gathering ability (+), motivation to search (+) and information sufficiency (+) directly explained the use of the systematic mode. Financial self‐efficacy demonstrated positive indirect associations with both heuristic and systematic modes. The results also revealed that personality traits including agreeableness, emotional stability and extraversion indirectly explained the use of information‐processing modes. Agreeableness (−) and emotional stability (+) were indirectly associated with both heuristic and systematic information processing modes, whilst extraversion (+) was only indirectly associated with the heuristic mode. Openness (+) was the only trait that was directly associated with the systematic mode. This study contributes to the literature on consumer financial information processing by connecting individuals' psychological, cognitive and motivational characteristics. The findings of this study provide valuable insights and policy and practical implications within the industry.
Texture properties of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) for the elderly base on the enzyme treatment
Authors: Kim Dah‐Sol , Iida Fumiko , Joo Nami 
Published: August 2022

SummaryParsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) is nutritionally suitable for the elderly, but it is generally rejected because they have a relatively firm texture and is difficult to eat and can irritate the stomach. Therefore, strategies are being developed to produce soft root vegetable products to meet balanced nutrient intake and healthy nutritional status in the body, taking into account the reduced digestive effects and chewing ability in the elderly. Among them, the effect of enzymes on the qualitative texture properties of parsnips was studied in this study because enzymes cause changes in fibre and have an advantageous effect on the softness of root vegetables. Here, three treatment groups, cellulase, polygalacturonase and α‐amylase, and one untreated parsnip were compared and analysed, and the effect on texture parameters was confirmed. In particular, all enzyme management has significantly reduced hardness, and these results provide an opportunity to produce antioxidant‐enhanced parsnips with a smooth texture and satisfactory technical properties. In addition, easy consumption of antioxidant‐rich parsnips suggests that it can help older people get demand for antioxidants.
Differences in the expression of soluble proteins in freshwater and brackish‐water ecotypes of the snail Theodoxus fluviatilis
Authors: Wiesenthal Amanda Alice , Müller Christian , Albrecht Dirk , Hildebrandt Jan‐Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe neritid snail Theodoxus fluviatilis has formed regional subgroups in northern Europe, where it appears in both freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW) in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea. These ecotypes show clear differences in osmotolerance and in the modes of accumulating organic osmolytes under hyperosmotic stress. We reasoned that the expression patterns of soluble proteins in the two ecotypes may differ as well. BW snails have to deal with a higher salinity (up to 20‰) than FW snails (0.5‰) and also cope with frequent fluctuations in environmental salinity that occur after heavy rains or evaporation caused by extended periods of intense sunshine. Therefore, the protein expression patterns of specimens collected at five different FW and BW sites were analyzed using 2D SDS‐PAGE, mass spectrometry, and sequence comparisons based on a transcriptome database for Theodoxus fluviatilis. We identified 89 differentially expressed proteins. The differences in the expression between FW and BW snails may be due to phenotypic plasticity, but may also be determined by local genetic adaptations. Among the differentially expressed proteins, 19 proteins seem to be of special interest as they may be involved in mediating the higher tolerance of BW animals towards environmental change compared with FW animals.
Two Concepts of Meaningful Work
Authors: van der Deijl Willem 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe concept of meaningful work is used to evaluate the quality of work. Typical cases of meaningless work that have been used to clarify this concept are assembly line work, and work involving other types of mindless tasks, but also David Graeber's ‘bullshit jobs’. I argue that there are at least two fundamental reasons to care about meaningful work: reasons from the wellbeing of the worker and reasons pertaining to meaningfulness of the worker's life. I first argue that a concept of meaningful work needs to reflect these two values, but that these two values may come apart. Because of this, accounts that provide a single answer to the question to what extent a particular work context is meaningful work for a particular worker are unable to reflect these two values. I then survey three promising accounts of meaningful work: perfectionism, which captures the self‐interested aspect of meaningful work well but fails to capture the meaningfulness aspect appropriately; consequentialism, which captures the meaningfulness aspect well but fails to capture the self‐interested aspect; and Wolf's Fitting Fulfilment View of meaningful projects, which can be read as addressing both concerns but leads to implausible judgments about meaningful work. I then argue that we should conceive of the concerns that fall under the notion of meaningful work as two separate concepts and values. The best work incorporates both these dimensions but falling short on either dimension is problematic for different reasons.