bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Coherent Gas Structures in the Central Region of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253. II. Gas Excitation and Star Formation
Authors: Konishi Ryotaro , Enokiya R. , Fukui Y. , Tachihara K. , Muraoka K. , Onishi T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Molecular gas in the central region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 is complicated because of the combination of different gas kinematics, including stellar feedback, noncircular motions, and magnetic activity. In paper I, we used the latest multitransition, multi-isotope CO-line data sets obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array to classify the molecular gas within the central 850 pc in radius into 28 coherent structures, and we proposed a three-dimensional geometric structure for the gas in the central region of this galaxy. In this paper, we utilize intensity ratios between 12CO (J = 3–2), 12CO (J = 1–0), HCN (J = 4–3), and SiO (J = 2–1) to investigate the physical properties of each coherent structure, comparing the distributions with (proto-)star clusters, known as superbubble candidates, and stars. We found that the excitation state of the gas tends to increase toward the galactic center, and we identified high-excitation states in the gas with noncircular motions. From analyses of HCN (J = 4–3) and SiO (J = 2–1), we found that the dense, star-forming clumps that drive the starburst reside either at the points connecting any two streams or in the central region where two oppositely directed, accretion flows terminate. Based on analyses of the intensity ratios and the proposed geometric structure, we suggest that some superbubbles may instead be the overlap of the coherent structures rather than an expanding shell. From all these results, we propose a scenario in which the starburst was triggered by cloud–cloud collisions caused by interactions of streams and/or by magnetic flotation and/or efficient accretion along a stellar bar.
A Measurement of Atmospheric Circular Polarization with POLARBEAR
Authors: Fujino Takuro , Takakura Satoru , Arani Shahed Shayan , Barron Darcy , Baccigalupi Carlo , Chinone Yuji , Errard Josquin , Fabbian Giulio , Feng Chang , Halverson Nils W. , Hasegawa Masaya , Hazumi Masashi , Jeong Oliver , Kaneko Daisuke , Keating Brian , Kusaka Akito , Lee Adrian , Matsumura Tomotake , Piccirillo Lucio , Reichardt Christian L. , Sakaguri Kana , Siritanasak Praween , Yamada Kyohei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
At millimeter wavelengths, the atmospheric emission is circularly polarized owing to the Zeeman splitting of molecular oxygen by the Earth's magnetic field. We report a measurement of the signal in the 150 GHz band using 3 yr of observational data with the Polarbear project. Nonidealities of a continuously rotating half-wave plate (HWP) partially convert circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light. While Polarbear detectors are sensitive to linear polarization, this effect makes them sensitive to circular polarization. Although this was not the intended use, we utilized this conversion to measure circular polarization. We reconstruct the azimuthal gradient of the circular polarization signal and measure its dependency from the scanning direction and the detector bandpass. We compare the signal with a simulation based on atmospheric emission theory, the detector bandpass, and the HWP leakage spectrum model. We find the ratio of the observed azimuthal slope to the simulated slope is 0.92 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.07(sys). This ratio corresponds to a brightness temperature of 3.8 mK at the effective band center of 121.8 GHz and bandwidth of 3.5 GHz estimated from representative detector bandpass and the spectrum of Zeeman emission. This result validates our understanding of the instrument and reinforces the feasibility of measuring the circular polarization using the imperfection of continuously rotating HWP. Continuously rotating HWP is popular in ongoing and future cosmic microwave background experiments to modulate the polarized signal. This work shows a method for signal extraction and leakage subtraction that can help measure circular polarization in such experiments.
Probing Cosmology with 92 Localized Fast Radio Bursts and DESI BAO
Authors: Wang Yi-Ying , Gao Shi-Jie , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration, combined with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and type Ia supernovae observations, suggest a preference for dynamical dark energy (DDE) with w
0 > −1 and w

a
< 0. Given the cosmological origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs), the combination of their dispersion measures (DMs) and host galaxy redshifts makes localized FRBs a valuable tool for probing cosmology. Using an updated sample of 92 localized FRBs, along with DESI BAO, PlantheonPlus, and CMB data, we constrain the dark energy (DE) equation of state (EoS) under the Chevallier–Polarski–Linder parameterization. We find that even without incorporating CMB data, DDE remains preferred with

w

0

=
−
0.85

5

−
0.084

+
0.084

and

w

a

=
−
1.17

4

−
0.491

+
0.462

at a confidence level of ∼2.5σ. A joint analysis constrains these to be

w

0

=
−
0.78

4

−
0.064

+
0.064

and

w

a

=
−
0.87

2

−
0.278

+
0.269

, showing a discrepancy with ΛCDM at a ∼3.1σ level. Furthermore, using localized FRBs alone, we estimate the Hubble constant H
0 to be

69.0

4

−
2.07

+
2.30

and

75.6

1

−
2.07

+
2.23

km

s

−
1

Mpc

−
1

, assuming the Galactic electron density models to be NE2001 and YMW16, respectively. Thus, accurate accounting of the Galactic DM is crucial for resolving the Hubble tension with FRBs. Future BAO measurements, next-generation CMB experiments, and more localized FRBs will further constrain the DE EoS and the cosmological parameters.
La modernisation écologique au prisme du concept de communauté énergétique
Authors: Coblence Alena , Nessi Hélène 
Published: February 2025

Cet article interroge le croisement de deux politiques distinctes de soutien au photovoltaïque (le modèle de tarif d’achat garanti et le modèle de l’économie de facture) avec les projets d’aménagement urbain. Ces politiques, représentatives de la modernisation écologique (me), visent à répondre aux défis environnementaux en augmentant la proportion des énergies renouvelables dans le mix énergétique, tout en maintenant l’objectif de croissance économique. Nous examinons l’idée que la politique basée sur le modèle de l’économie de facture représente une approche durable de la me si elle crée des communautés durables. En partant de l’hypothèse que ces communautés réajustent les relations et les pratiques de production et de consommation à l’échelle locale, nous questionnons la notion de durabilité et l’association positive souvent liée au concept de communauté énergétique. Nos résultats montrent que la mise en place du photovoltaïque (pv) in situ a favorisé la création de communautés énergétiques et que le modèle de l’économie de facture est plus favorable pour réajuster la production et la consommation locale d’électricité. Cependant, nos résultats soulignent que, malgré une anticipation de la gouvernance des installations pv à l’échelle du projet, dessinant une boucle de production-consommation distribuée, le critère de rentabilité, les compétences de l’État dans le régime de l’électricité, ainsi que les contextes opérationnels et socio-spatiaux propres à l’urbanisme jouent un rôle critique dans la réussite de l’approche durable de la me.
Development and evaluation of the Digit Triplet Test in Swahili language
Authors: Rosendahl Bjørn G. , Tronstad Tron V. , Øygarden Jon 
Published: February 2025

Background: The development of a Digit Triplet Test in the Swahili language is an essential step towards providing accurate hearing assessment for Swahili-speaking populations.Objectives: This study aimed to develop a Digit Triplet Test in Swahili through a two-part procedure consisting of an optimisation phase and an evaluation phase using normal hearing participants.Method: A total of 34 subjects participated in the study. During the optimisation phase, a psychometric intelligibility function was determined for each recorded digit, allowing for volume adjustments to standardise the threshold across all digits. This resulted in a lower threshold and a steeper psychometric function for both the triplets and the test lists. Using the optimised speech material, four test lists were created, each containing 27 triplets composed of digits between 1 and 9. The finalised material was then evaluated.Results: In the final version, the mean Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) for the participants was −8.9 ± 0.6 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and the mean slope was 24.7 ± 3.5%/dB using triplet scoring.Conclusion: The psychometric function for normal listeners shows a steep slope with little variation between subjects and across test lists.Contribution: The test results are comparable to those of Digit Triplet Tests developed in other languages, indicating the effectiveness and reliability of the Swahili Digit Triplet Test for hearing assessments.
Menstrual Hygiene Management and Reproductive Morbidity among Women Tea Plantation Workers in Wayanad District, Kerala, India
Authors: Alifia Puthupparambil S. , Francis Paul T. , Mini Malathi , Olickal Jeby J. , Thankappan Kavumpurathu R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is a lack of studies focusing on menstrual hygiene management in the workplace, particularly in the informal sector where such facilities are insufficient or even absent. This study investigated menstrual hygiene management and reproductive health issues among women tea plantation workers.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional community-based study was undertaken, involving 330 women tea plantation workers aged 18–49 years; they were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Information on menstrual hygiene management and reproductive morbidity was collected using a validated questionnaire. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with menstrual hygiene management.

Results:
Among the women tea plantation workers, 42.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.0–47.9) maintained satisfactory menstrual hygiene management. Of the participants, 16.1% reported at least one reproductive morbidity, 10.6% struggled to afford menstrual products every month, and 9.6% did not have access to proper toilet and washing facilities. Women belonging to Christian and Muslim religions (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.22–3.36), those belonging to nuclear families (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.04–2.53), those with primary education and above (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.19–2.98), those with the piped water supply at home (AOR: 3.22; 95% CI: 1.92–5.38), and those with toilet facilities available in house (AOR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.53–4.75) were more likely to maintain satisfactory menstrual hygiene management compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion:
More than half of the tea plantation workers’ menstrual hygiene management was not satisfactory. Efforts to improve menstrual hygiene practices in this population should prioritize education as well as the provision of piped water supply and toilet facilities.
Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) during Facility-based Childbirth: A Cross-Sectional Study among Postnatal Mothers in a Tertiary Health Care Facility in Kolkata
Authors: Sikdar Sangram , Saha Ripan , Naskar Somnath , Chakrabarti Sreetama , Chakrabarti Soma , Basu Mausumi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Few studies have been conducted regarding Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) globally which revealed prevalence of disrespect and abuse during labor ranged from 15% in Tanzania to 90% in Nigeria and Peru. However, there is a dearth of study in this part of India regarding RMC.

Objectives:
To assess the status of RMC during facility-based childbirth among postnatal mothers in a tertiary health care facility in Kolkata and to determine the factors associated with RMC among them.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 postnatal mothers in a tertiary care health facility in Kolkata using a predesigned, pretested structured schedule.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:
About 62.4% of the study population said to have got RMC and the rest 37.6% faced at least one form of disrespect and abuse. Significant associations were found between RMC and individual factors like age, caste, education, qualification, duration of marriage, number of family members, and per capita family income.

Conclusion:
The provision of RMC is a behavioral change issue in India where some progress has been made. However, much work still needs to be done in this respect. Women’s experiences with maternity providers can empower and comfort the mothers or may cause long-lasting emotional trauma and damage.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Recreational Cyclists
Authors: Shah Manali K. , Sheth Megha S. , Desai Ruchi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Need of Study:
Recreational cycling has been popular in India for a decade, so the number of patients presenting with musculoskeletal problems has also increased. There are only a few studies available focusing on finding musculoskeletal problems occurring in recreational cyclists in India. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomforts (MSDs) in recreational cyclists.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of 110 recreational cyclists aged 18 years or more, for cycling at least 100 km/month and for 6 months or more from various cycling clubs and the community of Ahmedabad city was performed in this study using convenience sampling. Included subjects were interviewed personally by the team of trained physiotherapists and a questionnaire was filled. A descriptive analysis was conducted.

Result:
A total of 110 participants (84 males and 26 females) were interviewed for the survey. Their mean cycling duration, frequency, and volume were 41.1 ± 34.6 months, 2.3 ± 1.5 days/week, and 257.2 ± 252.5 km/month respectively. A total of 49.1% of cyclists reported the presence of MSDs, 62.9% reported the presence of pain at one anatomical site, and 37.1% reported pain at more than one site during cycling. The most common anatomical sites for MSD during cycling were knee (21.8%) followed by lower back (13.6%), upper back (9.1%), leg (8.2%), neck (7.3%), elbow (4.5%), and shoulder (3.6%). A total of 32.7% of cyclists reported discomfort persists even after cycling and about 10% reported that the above pain affects their day-to-day activities.

Conclusion and Clinical Implications:
This study found that MSDs are common in recreational cyclists, with knee and lower back most commonly involved. This data could provide the evidence required to find risk factors responsible for MSDs in cyclists and develop injury prevention and treatment plans for common MSDs seen in recreational cyclists.
Primary orbital neuroblastoma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Gupta Chhavi , Saboo Surbhi , Gandhi Arpan , Das Sima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, typically originates in the adrenal glands but can occasionally present as primary orbital neuroblastoma. This rare condition, arising from the ciliary ganglion, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report a case of primary orbital neuroblastoma in a 2.5-year-old female with progressive, painless swelling of the right lower eyelid. Clinical examination showed mild proptosis and a firm lower lid mass. Imaging and histopathology confirmed neuroblastoma, with no other primary sites identified, indicating primary orbital neuroblastoma. The patient responded well to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A review of the literature revealed only 12 previously reported cases. This malignancy often presents with ocular symptoms and lacks a primary site elsewhere. Diagnosis relies on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Due to its rarity, there are no standardized treatment protocols, necessitating individualized, multidisciplinary management and long-term follow-up to improve outcomes and understand prognosis.
Oscillating and nonsummable Radon–Nikodym cocycles along the forward geodesic of measure-class-preserving transformations
Authors: Bell Sasha , Chu Tasmin , Rodgers Owen 
Published: February 2025

We consider the least-deletion map on the Cantor space, namely the map that changes the first

1

in a binary sequence to

0

, and construct product measures on

2^{\mathbb{N}}

so that the corresponding Radon–Nikodym cocycles oscillate or converge to zero nonsummably along the forward geodesic of the map. These examples answer two questions of Tserunyan and Tucker-Drob. We analyse the oscillating example in terms of random walks on

\mathbb{Z}

, using the Chung–Fuchs theorem.
Exploring the Impact of Informal Education on Livelihood and Income Among Economically Marginalized Populations in Sri Lanka
Authors: Silva Gardiye Hewawasam Balage Arjuna de , Sandanayake Thanuja Chandani , Firdhous Mohamed Fazil Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Objective: This research examines the influence of informal education on the livelihood and income of economically marginalized populations in Sri Lanka, with a specific focus on its role in fostering resilience duri ng economic crises.

Theoretical Framework: Anchored in the theoretical constructs of human capital development, labor market dynamics, and socio-economic marginalization, the study utilizes the concepts of "sinking" and "floating" populations to investigate disparities in adaptive capacity and resilience.

Method: The study employs a mixed-method ethnographic approach, integrating qualitative insights from participant observations and semi-structured interviews with quantitative data derived from surveys. Data were collected from 105 participants in urban low-income communities in Colombo and Gampaha districts, focusing on their educational attainment, income levels, livelihood practices, and skill proficiencies.

Results and Discussion: The findings reveal that informal education significantly enhances the adaptive capacity and economic resilience of marginalized populations. Key outcomes include improved numerical literacy, language proficiency, and experiential learning, which are critical for navigating labor market complexities. Notably, systematic training correlates with better economic outcomes among the floating group, while deficiencies in informal learning opportunities perpetuate vulnerabilities within the sinking group.

Research Implications: The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of implementing inclusive informal education initiatives tailored to the socio-economic realities of marginalized populations. Addressing systemic barriers such as gender disparities and aligning informal education with labor market requirements are critical for promoting equitable economic development.

Originality/Value: By elucidating the role of informal education in mitigating economic vulnerabilities, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of its potential to support human development in underprivileged urban contexts. The findings advance academic discourse on the intersection of education, income, and livelihood within marginalized settings.
PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TENTANG PENANGANAN KEJANG DEMAM PADA BALITA
Authors: Hasibuan Seri Astuti 
Published: February 2025

Kejang demam adalah bangkitan kejang yang terjadi pada kenaikan suhu tubuh (suhu rektal lebih dari 38oC) yang tidak disebabkan oleh proses intracranial Yein Concita Lingga (n.d.). Menurut (Khusal, 2021), berbagai faktor keturunan, penyakit virus, demam, masalah metabolisme, trauma, neoplasma, masalah sirkulasi, dan penyakit system saraf degeneratif semuanya dapat menyebabkan kejang demam. Proses ekstrakarnium dan peningkatan suhu tubuh yang terlalu cepat menyebabkan kejang demam (Yein Concita Lingga, n.d.). Dalam hal ini Peran ibu merupakan hal yang sangat penting, khususnya dalam perilaku dalam perawatan kejang demam karena penggunaan sarana kesehatan untuk balita berkaitan erat dengan perilaku ibu tentang kesehatan. Sebelum melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat peneliti melakukan studi pendahuluan pada bulan Oktober. Studi pendahuluan ini bertujuan untuk mencari ibu-ibu yang mempunyai balita di desa Situmba Kecamatan Sipirok, serta jumlah tenaga kesehatan dan kader. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 12 desember 2024 di desa Situmba Kecamatan Sipirok Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Kegiatan berjalan dengan efektif dan ibu-ibu terlihat antusias dalam mengikuti penyuluhan tersebut dilihat dari banyaknya ibu yang bertanya karena beberapa ibu memiliki anak yang mengalami kejang demam. Diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan agar memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang edukasi tentang penanganan penyakit yang sering terjadi pada balita.
To study the mutagenic potential of Artavol® using the Ame’s Test by Microbial assay – A research article
Authors: Kumar Arun , Kumar Nagwanshi Brijesh , Bhagat Prabhat , Raja Patle Chhote , Pradeep B Vishwanath , Mishra Neelu 
Published: February 2025

Natural products continue to play an important role in the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals. Several chemical compounds have been extracted and identified from its species The increasing use of herbal medicinal items calls for safety testing to protect the public from unintended hazardous effects. However, most are not tested, putting the public at risk. The modified Ames test is a useful resource for determining the mutagenic potential of medicinal products and was used this study to determine the safety of an herbal tea.In the present experiment we are discussing The Ames test has become one of the most commonly used tests to assess the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants since they have several biological activities and thus have been used in traditional medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry as a source of raw materials. Accordingly, this review aims to report previous use of the Ames test to evaluate the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants. However, the reliability of many reviewed studies regarding the botanical extracts may be questioned due to technical issues, such as testing being performed only in the presence or absence of S9, use of maximum doses below 5 mg/plate and lack of information on the cytotoxicity of tested doses. These methodological aspects additionally demonstrated that a discussion about the doses used in research on mixtures,
ASSESSMENT OF CHEWING EFFICIENCY AND METABOLIC FACTORS IN THE ORAL CAVITY AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING UROPLASTY
Authors: Ikrombekovna Abdullaeva Nilufar , Anvarovna Anvarova Mukhtasar , Dilafruz Makhmadaminovna Qosimova 
Published: February 2025

Chewing efficiency plays a critical role in overall oral and systemic health, influencing nutrient absorption and metabolic processes. This study aims to assess the chewing efficiency and metabolic factors in the oral cavity among patients undergoing uroplasty. The research explores the correlation between masticatory function, oral microbiota, and metabolic markers in patients with urological conditions requiring surgical intervention.