bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Progressing Cavity Pump Reliability Improvement Project in an Oman Steamflood
Authors: Noonan Shauna , Al Jabri Jasim , Al Janadi Bassam , Rubiano Edward 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCP) are used for artificial lift to minimize the flowing bottomhole pressure at the initial stage of cold, low-volume, high-sand-production wells in a heavy oil steamflood in the Sultanate of Oman. While both metallic and elastomeric stators have been installed in this field, the vast majority of the pumps are of the elastomeric variety.
In 2016, a study to improve the reliability and uptime of elastomeric PCP systems was conducted. This initiative included manufacturing visits, new bench test acceptance criteria, improved root cause failure analysis, updated training of personnel, and new pump selection and design criteria. Operational guidelines were also created and implemented with limitations on speed, torque, and pump intake pressure.
There were many lessons learned during the process that are shared in this paper. One lesson learned was that the legacy fit between the rotor and stator was creating unnecessary heat for the elastomer, thereby reducing its bottomhole temperature operational limit, which is extremely important in a steamflood.
By working collaboratively with the PCP provider to follow the new criteria and guidelines, the PCP failure rates have decreased by 41% and the pull rates for non-failure of the PCP systems decreased 57% by the end of Q1 2020. As a result, costs were reduced and well production uptime increased.
This paper provides details about this PCP improvement initiative and demonstrates how better practices and procedures with existing technology can lead to significant financial and production improvements. It also describes technology advancements being introduced to expand the elastomeric PCP operating envelope further for high-temperature applications.
Analysis of Different Natural Production Flow Paths in ESP Completions
Authors: Banjar Hattan , Alzayer Jawad , Munif Eiman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wells with electric submersible pumps (ESPs) installed are sometimes allowed to produce naturally under certain circumstances such as when the ESP fails. The paths of natural production can be through the ESP stages, an auto flow valve (AFV) or through the bypass section of a Y-tool if installed. To understand the effect of different natural production scenarios on the flowing bottom hole pressure and the maximum achievable flowrate, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted.
In this study, hydraulic calculations are carried out to determine the frictional pressure losses through ESP pump stages and the Y-tool bypass section. Results are compared with AFV pressure drop, published in the literature. The effect of ESP size and oil density will be investigated. It is assumed that the number of ESP stages, wall roughness for ESP housings, casing and Y-tool, lengths of the ESP and the bypass section, and viscosity will be constant. It is also assumed that the wellbore/reservoir fluids are solids-free.
Results will be discussed thoroughly in the paper. It is shown that for relatively low flow rates, naturally producing through any of the three options is comparable. As flow rate increases, the frictional pressure losses increase, especially through the pump stages. Results also indicate that as ESP stages become smaller, flow will encounter a relatively much higher pressure drop across the ESP stages.
Upthrust in Electrosubmersible Pumps and Failure Analysis Applied Chi Square Test, Case Study Ecuador.
Authors: Ayala Diego , Padilla Wilson , Araujo Bolivar , Ayala Silvia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present study was carried with the purpose to determine the relationship between the operation curves of electrical submersible pumps (ESP) with possible mechanical failures when more fluid is pumped than it was designed for, the study focuses on finding relevant information that allows to identify a trend in the occurrence of premature wear in the equipment, also by applying the Chi square test it is expected to determine the existence of the relationship between failures and overproduction, leaving a probabilistic basis to sustain this operational reality.
The correct well selection is fundamental, ESPs must have technical, operational similarities and even produce from the same pay zone and from the same field, this uniformity creates a baseline that facilitates the analysis between failures and operational condition of the ESPs. The statistical study is carried out from the frequency of appearance of failures, these data are later used to apply Chi square and establish if there is dependence between failures and overproduction.
Overproduction has a negative effect on the equipment, in the selected wells this condition is aggravated when the well reaches a %BSW greater than 92% causing an increase in failures of 40%, this is even evident in infant mortality failures at the beginning of ESP's operational life. In working conditions within the design range, the first failures appear up to the fourth month, but in upthrust this time is shortened to the first month after the installation of the pump. The operational challenges of the wells vary over time and this dynamic of requirements must be considered as a design factor because at some point the well will increase its water production rate and the production requirements will force to modify the operational variables demanding the equipment to work outside its maximum efficiency point. This work provides a bivariate probabilistic analysis which is focused on providing additional elements to affirm with criteria that overproduction affects ESP equipment.
There is a wide discussion about the operating conditions that can cause failures in ESPs, this study identifies the critical value from which the percentage of BSW affects the equipment when pumps operate in upthrust, identifying this operating variable will allow the design of pumps that consider overproduction as one of its conditions to not affect the performance.
It has been widely proven that working out of range affects equipment performance, however, there is no mathematical function that describes the relationship between upthrust and generated failures, this study performs a bivariate analysis using Chi square test to establish the correlation between failures and range of operation, thus providing elements that support this link and therefore to increase the knowledge about the ESPs behavior in real conditions.
Investigation of an Unexpected Flow Event for a Duvernay Artificial Lift System and Optimization for Future Installation
Authors: Jami Rafat , Prasad Shawn Shamedra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper summarizes the work of a client project investigating an "unexpected flow phenomenon" observed for an operational downhole jet pump installed in a deep, high-pressure, light hydrocarbon-condensate well in the Duvernay region of Western Alberta. The jet pump appeared to allow the well to produce multiphase condensate, water, and Non-Condensable Gases (NCGs) without the injection of power fluid. Due to a lack of understanding of the cause of this phenomenon, the well production rate could not be predicted for future installations. The objective of this work was to understand the underlying mechanisms causing this flow occurrence, and subsequently use the findings to optimize the artificial lift pump without the use of the injection system.
This study was structured into three tasks: creating a custom fluid model for the Duvernay well; importing the custom model into Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to model the flow through the jet pump; and verifying the accuracy of the simulations with a coupled wellbore analysis of the Duvernay system. The fluid model was created with an in-depth Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) analysis using the chemical composition of the production fluid determined from field samples. The Duvernay fluid model consisted of density, viscosity, and specific heat relationships as a function of the local temperature and pressure. The fluid model was implemented into three-dimensional (3D) multiphase flow CFD simulations of the existing jet pump to characterize the flow.
The results showed that the jet pump nozzle created a sharp pressure drop triggering the hydrocarbon mixture to flash from a supercritical fluid phase to a gas-liquid mixture resulting in a gas-lift effect that produced flow to surface. A one-dimensional (1D) radial wellbore analysis was conducted for a large range of production flow rates at the current field wellhead pressure to generate a well outflow curve. The discharge pressure of the CFD results was compared to the wellbore pressure at the pump depth to verify the results of the simulations. Using further CFD simulations, the pump was optimized by changing the nozzle and diffuser designs to reduce downstream turbulence and improve discharge pressure recovery. Lastly, a parametric study was conducted using CFD for multiple mass flow rates and nozzle diameters to create a semi–empirical model to predict production rates for any given pump size.
This model was used for a second case study to test feasibility in future Montney region wells, in which optimal pump specifications were sized based on the region's downhole properties. The results of this case study showed that this new optimized pump has the capability to produce flow rates in wells that do not naturally produce condensate, with a predictive model having been developed to choose the ideal pump geometry specifications to maximize the outflow.
Optimized Machine Learning based forecasting model for Solar Power Generation by using Crow Search Algorithm and Seagull Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kaushaley Shashikant , Shaw Binod , Nayak Jyoti Ranjan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Forecasting Solar Power is an important aspect for power trading company. It helps in energy bidding, planning and control. The challenge in forecasting is to predict non-linear data, which can be fulfilled by Computation technique and Machine Learning model. To further enhance the ML model optimization technique is used for training. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used as a ML model and optimization-based model is developed named as Optimized Artificial Neural Network (OANN). This paper also presents how the computation technique is incorporated in machine learning model, and a comparison is shown between these two models. Two OANN models are developed based on Crow Search Algorithm (CSA-ANN) and Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA-ANN). These models are forecasted for a day ahead, three days ahead and a week ahead solar power generation by considering time, irradiation and temperature as input parameter for the model. ANN gives best result for short-term prediction but unable to predict for mid-term and long-term prediction. This demerit of ANN is overcome by SOA-ANN, which is measured with statistical parameters such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Co-relation of determination (R2). The percentage improvement of SOA-ANN is obtained with these statistical parameter as 6.54%, 16.05%, 1.67% and 3.61%. The results associated with CSA-ANN is not much efficient as SOA-ANN, but it can predict better for low frequency values, but its overall performance is poor. SOA-ANN exhibit improved performance over ANN and CSA-ANN for forecasting.
Novavax NVX-COV2373 triggers potent neutralization of Omicron sub-lineages
Authors: Bhiman Jinal N. , Richardson Simone I. , Lambson Bronwen E. , Kgagudi Prudence , Mzindle Nonkululeko , Kaldine Haajira , Crowther Carol , Gray Glenda , Bekker Linda-Gail , Shinde Vivek , Bennett Chijioke , Glenn Gregory M. , Madhi Shabir , Moore Penny L. , Koen Anthonet , Fairlie Lee , Fouche Leon , Bhorat Qasim , Dheda Keertan , Tameris Michele , Masilela Mduduzi , Hoosain Zaheer , Singh Nishanta , Hanley Sherika , Archary Moherndran , Louw Cheryl , Grobbelaar Coert , Lalloo Umesh , Joseph Natasha , Kruger Gertruida 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant of Concern (VOC) and its sub-lineages (including BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) contain spike mutations that confer high level resistance to neutralizing antibodies. The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine, a protein nanoparticle vaccine, has value in countries with constrained cold-chain requirements. Here we report neutralizing titers following two or three doses of NVX-CoV2373. We show that after two doses, Omicron sub-lineages BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 were resistant to neutralization by 72% (21/29) and 59% (17/29) of samples. However, after a third dose of NVX-CoV2373, we observed high titers against Omicron BA.1 (GMT: 1,197) and BA.4/BA.5 (GMT: 582), with responses similar in magnitude to those triggered by three doses of an mRNA vaccine.These data are of particular relevance as BA.4/BA.5 is dominating in multiple locations, and highlight the potential utility of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine as a booster in resource-limited environments.
Developmental vitamin D-deficiency produces autism-relevant behaviours and gut-health associated alterations in a rat model
Authors: Eyles Darryl Walter , Tamang Man Kumar , Ali Asad , Pertile Renata , Cui Xiaoying , Alexander Suzanne , Nitert marloes Dekker , Palmieri Chiara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Developmental vitamin D (DVD)-deficiency is an epidemiologically established risk factor for autism. Emerging studies also highlight the involvement of gut microbiome/gut physiology in autism. The current study aims to examine the effect of DVD-deficiency on a broad range of autism-relevant behavioural phenotypes and gut health. Vitamin D deficient rat dams exhibited altered maternal care, DVD-deficient pups showed increased ultrasonic vocalizations and as adolescents, social behaviour impairments and increased repetitive self-grooming behaviour. There were significant impacts of DVD-deficiency on gut health demonstrated by alterations to the microbiome, decreased villi length and increased propionate levels. Overall, our animal model of this epidemiologically validated risk exposure for autism shows an expanded range of autism-related behavioural phenotypes and now alterations in gut microbiome that correlate with social behavioural deficits raising the possibility that DVD-deficiency induced ASD-like behaviours are due to alterations in gut health.
Surface Electromyographic Activity of Submental Muscles During Swallow of Masticated Bolus Across Age and Gender
Authors: Krishnan Gayathri , P. GOSWAMI S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background/Objective: Previous researchers have documented changes in sub mental muscle activity during single liquid swallows across demographic and bolus characteristics. As aging increases fatigue and alters muscle properties, we hypothesized that sub mental muscle performance during swallows of masticated boluses in young and older individuals would be different.
Methods: The potentials were recorded from sub mental muscles of forty seven healthy individuals of 18-40 years and 40-60 years. Each sEMG trace associated with swallow was analysed for its amplitude and temporal measures and were subjected to statistical comparisons across gender, age and bolus volumes.
Results: The results revealed that the measures of sEMG were not significantly different across gender or bolus volume, but was different across the two age groups. The peak sEMG amplitude was lesser in older individuals for ½ cookie and 1 cookie bolus indicating age-associated changes in sub mental muscle performance. The relaxation rate of sub mental muscles was slower for large bolus swallows in older individuals compared to younger, probably as to prevent secondary aspiration.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that sub mental muscle performance changes before 60 years of age with weaker peak contraction without altering the durational aspects of swallow. These subtle changes, if picked up could help understand age-associated decline in swallowing efficiency in typically aging population.
Trapping and manipulating skyrmions in two-dimensional films by surface acoustic waves
Authors: Miyazaki Yu , Yokouchi Tomoyuki , Shiomi Yuki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Skyrmions, topologically stable spin structures with particle-like properties, are promising for spintronics applications such as skyrmion racetrack memory. Though reliable control of skyrmion motion is essential for the operation of spintronics devices, the straight motion of skyrmions along the driving force is in general difficult due to an inevitable transverse force originating from their topology. Here, we propose a method of precise manipulation of skyrmions based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) propagating in two dimensions. Using two standing SAWs, saddle-shape local potentials like quadrupole ion traps are created to trap skyrmions robustly. Furthermore, by tuning the frequencies of the SAWs, we show that trapped skyrmions not only move in straight lines but also move precisely in any direction in a two-dimensional thin film. These results could be helpful for the future design of spintronics devices based on skyrmions.
Transcriptome analysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under waterlogging stress and over-expression of HvADH4 gene confers waterlogging tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Luan Haiye , Chen Changyu , Li Hongtao , Wang Yu , Yang Ju , Xu Meng , Shen Huiquan , Yang Hua , Wang Jun , li shufeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Waterlogging is one of the major abiotic stresses in barley and greatly reduces grain yield and quality. To explore the mechanism controlling waterlogging tolerance in barley, physiological, anatomical and transcriptional analysis were performed in two contrasting barley varieties viz. Franklin (susceptible) and TX9425 (tolerant).
Results
Compared to Franklin, more adventitious roots, aerenchymas and higher antioxidant enzymes activities were found in TX9425. 3064 and 5693 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in TX9425 after 24 h and 72 h waterlogging treatment, respectively, while 2297 and 8462 DEGs were identified in Franklin. The results suggested that TX9425 is less affected by waterlogging stress after 72 h treatment. The DEGs were mainly enriched in energy metabolism, hormone regulation, ROS scavenging, cell wall modifying enzymes and so on. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays an important role in response to waterlogging stress. We found that HvADH4 was significantly up-regulated under waterlogging stress in TX9425. The transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing HvADH4 displayed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and more tolerant to waterlogging than wild type (WT).
Conclusions
The current results provide valuable information that will be of great value for the exploration of new candidate genes for barley molecular breeding in waterlogging tolerance.
Use of a Novel Pressure Distribution System for Severely Ill Neonates: A Clinical Pilot Study Carried out by the PREPICare Consortium
Authors: Schlüer Anna-Barbara , Müller Adrian Yves , Fromme Nicolas Philip , Camenzind Martin , Riener Robert , Rossi René Michel , Aufdenblatten Barbara Brotschi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Pressure Injuries are not exclusively an adult phenomenon; various risk factors contribute to a high prevalence rate of 43% in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care population. Effective preventive measures in this population are limited.
Methods: We performed a pilot study to analyze the distribution and localization of support surface interface pressures in neonates in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The hypothesis was that pressure redistribution by a novel air mattress would reduce pressure peaks in critical neonates. The measurements were conducted in a 27-bed level III PICU between November and December 2020. This included measuring pressure distribution and pressure peaks for five neonates positioned on either a state-of-the-art foam mattress or a new prototype air mattress.
Results: We confirmed that the pressure peaks were significantly reduced using the prototype air mattress, compared with the state-of-the-art foam mattress. The reduction of mean pressure values was 9%–29%, while the reduction of the highest 10% of pressure values was 23%–41%.
Conclusions: The journey to an effective, optimal, and approved product for severely ill neonates to reduce Pressure Injuries is challenging. However, a crucial step was completed by this pilot study with the first pressure measurements in a real-world setting and the successful realization of a decrease in pressure peaks obtained using a prototype air mattress.
Anomalous conductance quantization of a one-dimensional channel in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Luican-Mayer Adina , Boddison-Chouinard Justin , Bogan Alex , Barrios Pedro , Lapointe Jean , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Pawlowski Jaroslaw , Miravet Daniel , Bieniek Maciej , Hawrylak Pawel , Gaudreau Louis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Among quantum devices based on 2D materials, gate-defined quantum confined 1D channels are much less explored, especially in the high mobility regime where many body interactions play an important role. We present results of measurements and theory of conductance quantization in a gate-defined one dimensional channel in a single layer of transition metal dichalcogenide material WSe2. In the quasi-ballistic regime of our high mobility sample, we report conductance quantization steps in units of e2/h for a wide range of carrier concentrations. Magnetic field measurements show that as the field is raised higher conductance plateaus move to accurate quantized values and then shift to lower conductance values while the e2/h plateau remains locked. Based on microscopic atomistic tight-binding theory, we show that in this material, valley and spin degeneracies result in 2 e2/h conductance steps for non-interacting holes, suggesting that symmetry breaking mechanisms such as valley polarization dominate the transport properties of such quantum structures.
The potential impact of autoimmune diseases family history in IgG4-Related Disease: a case control study
Authors: Sun Rui Jie , Liu Zheng , Lu Hui , Peng Yu , Li Jieqiong , Nie Yuxue , Li Jingna , Peng Linyi , Zhou Jiaxin , Fei Yunyun , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Wen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective: Autoimmune comorbidities may be associated with IgG4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD), here we aimed to determine the correlation of AID family history and IgG4-RD in a Chinese cohort.
Methods: This case-control studyidentified 628 cases of IgG4-RD in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Patients were classified into two groups, with AID family history group (AID-pos) and without AID family history group (AID-neg). We viewed the potential value of AID family history on IgG4-RD by comparing the differences between the two groups. In addition, Cox regression analysis estimated confidence intervals (CI) and hazard ratio (HR) for IgG4-RD risk.
Results: 93 (14.8%) IgG4-RD patients had AID family history. Compared with AID-neg group, baseline data analysis revealed that AID-pos group patients had an earlier age of IgG4-RD onset (50.4 ± 14.8 vs. 54.2 ± 12.6, p=0.014*), a higher percentage of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity (38.9% vs 22.7%, p=0.0277*) and IgG4-related thyroiditis (10.9% vs 2.4%, p=0.001*), were prone to comorbid with other AID (16.1% vs 6.2%, p=0.0238*). Cox analysis found that younger age (HR 0.97 [95%CI 0.94-0.99], p=0.0384*) and higher proportions of baseline peripheral eosinophils (HR 1.1 [95%CI 1.02-1.2], p=0.0199*) increased the risk of unfavorable prognosis for AID-pos IgG4-RD patients.
Conclusions: 14.8% of IgG4-RD patients had AID family history, with younger age of disease onset age and higher frequency of ANA positivity, indicating that IgG4-RD may share genetic background with other AID.