bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Knight’ Garden Pea1
Authors: Marx G. A. , Provvidenti R. , Sandsted R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Knight’ is a new garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) developed especially for fresh market and home garden use. It was released in 1978 by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. This dwarf, early, large-podded cultivar features a number of improvements over other cultivars in the same class such as ‘Progress No. 9’, ‘Greater Progress’, ‘Laxton’s Progress’.
The Institute for Horticultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen
Authors: Sparnaaij L. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Institute for Horticultural Plant Breeding (IVT) in Wageningen is one of the 18 research institutes under the Research Division of the Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. The IVT serves all branches of Dutch horticulture. Its activities are directed towards a continuous supply of improved cultivars to meet the ever-changing demands of growers and consumers. Its policy is to cooperate as much as possible with private breeders, concentrating on the more fundamental aspects of breeding and breeding research while leaving the creation and introduction of new cultivars to private breeders. Only for those crops that receive little or no attention from private breeders does the Institute work toward ready cultivars. This is the case for fruit trees, strawberries, and certain ornamental crops.
Use of the International System of Units in the Plant Sciences1
Authors: Savage M. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The International System (SI) of Units was first introduced nearly two decades ago. Recently, however, units and terms used in the plant sciences have been reviewed in the light of this system (3, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20). While the changes will take time to become fully accepted (18) it is incumbent on researchers to spend time getting to know the SI units. I hope that this paper will provide an impetus for a formal discussion and the subsequent implementation of the units to the plant sciences.
Polyploidy in Flower Breeding
Authors: Sparnaaij L. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Uniformity in tetraploid progenies of certain floriculture species is much higher than in comparable diploid progenies. The reduced variation at the tetraploid level is mainly attributed to the buffering effect of tetrasomic inheritance and partly to preferential pairing in allopolyploids. Practical use can be made of this phenomenon in the breeding and propagation of polyploid crops.
The Effects of Photoperiod and Ethylene Inhibitors on Flowering and Vegetative Senescence of Schizanthus x wisetonensis and Nemesia strumosa1
Authors: Matta F. B. , Thomason R. C. , Pan C. Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ethylene inhibitors L-2-amino-4-(2-amino-ethoxy)-trans-3-butenoic acid hydrochloride (AVG) and L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid (MVG) significantly reduced the number of reproductive shoots and percent open flowers of Nemesia strumosa low. But not of Schizanthus × wisetonensis Benth. 7 days after treatment. MVG and AVG were most effective at 26.2 and 39.3 ppm, respectively. Photoperiod did not influence flowering of either species, but vegetative senescence of Schizanthus was influenced by photoperiod.
Low Temperature Storage of In Vitro Apple Shoots1
Authors: Lundergan Catherine , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips of apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) cultured in a basal medium plus 5 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) survived 12 months storage at 1° or 4°C and proliferated new shoots when returned to 26°C.
Influence of Mycorrhiza on the Nutrition of Red Raspberries1
Authors: Hughes Megan , Chaplin Michael H. , Martin Lloyd W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mycorrhizal red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plants colonized by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe had higher concentration of plant P than non-mycorrhizal colonized by Glomus fasciculatus at 0, 22 and 44 ppm soil P levels. Total P uptake was greater in mycorrhizal plants than controls at 22 and 44 ppm added P. The presence of mycorrhizae did not influence N, Mg, B, and Zn concentrations at any soil P level. K concentration in mycorrhizal plants was lower than controls at 22 ppm added P, but total K uptake was the same. Copper concentration was higher in mycorrhizal plants at the highest P level. P additions significantly influenced the total uptake of all elements except Cu and the concentration of all elements except An and Mn.
Calcium and Nitrogen Nutrition of ‘Tifblue’ Rabbiteye Blueberry in Sand Culture1
Authors: Spiers J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Calcium fertilization resulted in leaf Ca concentrations in ‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei Reade) equivalent to those reported for low bush and highbush blueberries but did not change plant vigor or yield. Ammonium sulfate was superior to sodium nitrate as a N source, producing higher fruit yield, plant vigor, and leaf macronutrient content.
Short Pre-storage Exposures to High Carbon Dioxide or Low Oxygen Atmospheres for the Storage of Some Vegetables1
Authors: Wills R. B. H. , Wimalasiri P. , Scott K. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Respiration at 20°C of carrot roots (Daucus carota L.), potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) and zucchini fruits (Cucurbita pepo L.) was reduced following exposure to either high levels of CO2 or low levels of O2 for a few days at 20°C. The reduced respiration rates were maintained for at least 2 weeks after treatment while the produce was ventilated with air.
Alley Effect in Border Rows of Green Pea Plots and its Reduction through Planting Barley Guard Rows1
Authors: Anderson W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The two outside rows of an 11-row planting of peas (Pisum sativum L.) produced a 40% greater shelled pea yield than the average of the 9 interior rows. The yield difference of the outside rows was primarily due to enhanced maturity. When yields were adjusted to 100 tenderometer there were no significant differences between the outside and interior rows of the plots. The use of barley guard rows eliminated the border effect. There were no yield differences between plots harvested with barley guard rows and plots harvested from the interior of solid plantings.
Comparison of Gibberellin A4/A7 and Silver Nitrate for Induction of Staminate Flowers in a Gynoecious Cucumber Line1
Authors: Tolla G. E. , Peterson C. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Silver nitrate and gibberellin A4/A7 (GA4/7) were compared for induction of staminate flower production on an inbred gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) line grown in the field at Madison, Wisconsin. Foliar sprays of silver nitrate at 100, 200, and 400 ppm induced significantly more staminate flowers per plant than did GA4/7 at the standard, widely-used rate of 50 ppm, making gynoecious x gynoecious hybrid seed production commercially feasible. The strong induction all plants treated with silver nitrate should minimize the genetic shift toward maleness observed from one generation to the next when GA is used to increase seed of gynoecious parental lines.
Internal Fruit Structure of Warty and Non-warty Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)1
Authors: Kingston B. D. , Pike L. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Microscopic observations revealed that the epidermal layer of fruit of MSU 35G (warty) was composed of cells whose longest axis were perpendicular to the fruit surface and about 50 µ thick. The epidermal layer of fruit of MSU 6902 (non-warty) was composed of cells approximately 20 µ thick with little elongation in either visible axis. The F1 (warty) and warty fruit in the F2 exhibited a cellular shape similar to the warty parent. However, the thickness of epidermal cells of these warty progency were significantly less than that of the warty parent when observed in cross-section. Epidermal cell thickness of warty fruit observed in cross-section became increasingly less as the percentage of MSU 6902 in the genetic background increased. Subepidermal cells of fruit with non-warty skin were larger than corresponding cells of warty fruit. The epidermal cell shape of MSU 6902 was linked with the non-warty characteristic. Epidermal cell thickness is inherited independently of epidermal cell shape.
‘U.C. Honeyloupe’ Muskmelon
Authors: Zink F. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘U.C. Honeyloupe’ is an andromon oecious, vine type, salmon-orange flesh muskmelon, Cucumis melo L. It has value as a cultivar for commerical spring production in the interior desert valleys of California, summer production in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley, and fall production in the Imperial Valley. ‘U.C. Honeyloupe’ is also ideal for the home garden.
‘Ohio 7663’ Tomato1
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Gould W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7663’ is an early-main season, machine-harvest tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with canning quality suitable for coreless whole-pack product. It was evaluated with good results, in the Northern Tomato Exchange Program (N.T.E.P.) trials in 1977 and 1978 and in other tests in Midwestern United States and Canada.
Sensitivity of Budded Young Orange Trees and Grapefruit Seedlings to Ancymidol in Soil Mix1
Authors: Yelenosky G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ancymidol (α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) in soil mix retarded growth of potted citrus plants. Three-month-old ‘Valencia’ orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) on one-year-old sour orange rootstock (C aurantium L.) grew 92% less in height than control plants in 5 months under greenhouse conditions with 0.10% active ingredient (ai) (by weight) concentration of ancymidol in the soil mix. Concentrations of 0.4% ai resulted in marked growth reduction of 3-month-old ‘Duncan’ grapefruit seedlings (C. Paradisi Macfad.). Other tests showed that neither ancymidol nor the reduced growth following its use increased cold hardening of ‘Valencia’ trees.
Anatomy and Morphology of Field-Sampled Citrus Fibrous Roots as Influenced by Sampling Depth and Rootstock1
Authors: Castle William S. , Krezdorn A. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Roots of ‘Orlando’ tangelo (Citrus paradisi MacF. × C. reticulata Blanco) on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), sour orange (C aurantium L.), sweet orange (C. sinesis (L.) Osb.) and Rusk citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) were field-sampled from depths extending to 2.5 m in a well-drained sandy soil and from about 3 m in an underlying sandy clay layer of undetermined thickness. Root anatomy and morphology were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy respectively. Epidermal hairs and radially elongated groups of hypodermal cells were observed on all roots. Root hairs differed in size and shape and hypo-dermal hairs seemed to occur more frequently on surface roots. Fibrous root bunches tended to be less branched and individual roots were smaller in diameter as sampling depth increased. General root anatomy was similar to previous descriptions.
In Vitro Propagation of Mammillaria elongata1
Authors: Johnson J. L. , Emino E. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro propagation of Mammillaria elongata DC plants was successful using tubercle explants grown on a medium based on Murashige and Skoog’s high salts supplemented with various auxins and cytokinins. Optimum callus proliferation occured in response to 2,4-dichlor-ophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2-10 mg/liter) with either kinetin or 6-(dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) (1-2 mg/liter). Root initiation was optimized with either napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indolebutyric acid (IBA) (60 mg/liter). Shoot initiation was optimized by addition of 2iP (10 mg/liter) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) (1 mg/liter). The auxin:cytokinin balance required for shoot initiation appears to be unique for each species of Mammillaria studied. Shoots developed in vitro of M. elongata were successfully transferred to greenhouse conditions, where they rooted and continued to grow.
In Vitro Propagation of Phlox subulata and Phlox paniculata1
Authors: Schnabelrauch L. S. , Sink K. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid in vitro propagation of Phlox subulata L. was achieved by inducing shoot explants, 3.0 to 5.0 mm, to proliferate axillary buds on a basal medium containing Murashige and Skoog (M&S) salts, Nitsch Vitamins and supplemented with 3.5 × 10 3 mg/titer gibberellic acid (GA3), 5.0 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA), and 40 mg/liter adenine sulfate. GA3 was essential for axillary bud elongation. The proliferating shoots were rooted on a medium con-sisting of M&S salts and Vitamins plus 0.01 to 0.5 mg/liter α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). P. paniculata L. was propagated in vitro by culturing internode stem sections from actively growing shoots on Linsmaier and Skoog (L&S) medium containing L&S salts and vitamins, 10 mg/liter BA, 0.1 mg/liter NAA and 40 mg/liter adenine sulfate. About 65 shoots arose on each stem section and they rooted on L&S plus 1.0 mg/liter NAA. Root initiation was stimu-lated in both Phlox spp. by incubating the cultures at 30°C for 1 week.
In Vitro Propagation of ‘Forerer Yours’ Rose1
Authors: Skirvin R. M. , Chu M. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot proliferation of ‘Forever Yours’ greenhouse rose (Rosa hybrida L.) was a-chieved in vitro using a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) high salt medium supplemented with 6-benzylamino purine (BA) at 2.0 mg/liter and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.1 mg/liter. Shoots were readily rooted on ¼ strength MS medium without hormones. Rooted shoots were successfully transferred to soil and grew well in the greenhouse.
Influence of Shade and Nutrition during Production and Dark Storage Simulating Shipment on Subsequent Quality and Chlorophyll Content of Foliage Plants1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliage plants were placed in chambers receiving no light for various time periods after receiving variable fertilizer and light treatments during production. Three foliage plants (Brassaia actinophylla Endl, Philodendron scandens oxycardium (Schott) Bunt, and Aphelandra squarrosa Nees ‘Dania’) in total darkness for 6 days suffered no loss in quality, but Ficus benjamina L. dropped slightly more leaves as length of time in dark storage increased. High light and fertilizer levels during production of F. benjamina increased leaf drop after dark storage.
Effect of Stratification and Gibberellic Acid on the Germination of Carpinus caroliniana Walt.1
Authors: Bretzloff L. V. , Pellett N. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Green seeds of Carpinus caroliniana Walt, collected in early September germinated 24% the following spring, but less than 1% of seeds collected in late September and planted in mid-October germinated. Germination in the greenhouse was increased by stratification up to 21 weeks at 4.5ºC. Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 25,100, and 500 ppm, after cold stratification for 6, 12, or 18 weeks, generally increased germination compared to stratification alone. Scarified seed germinated without stratification when exposed to GA3 at concentrations of 25,100, and 500 ppm.
Forsythia Flower Bud Cold Hardiness1
Authors: Brainerd Kim E. , Evert Dean R. , Pellett Norman E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Forsythia mandschurica Uyeki, F. ovata Nakai, and F. × intermedia Zab. ‘Lynwood’ flower buds were frozen from 0 to –35°C during January to mid-April 1978, then forced under intermittent mist. In field and laboratory tests, ‘Lynwood’ flower buds were significantly less hardy than those of F. mandschurica or F. ovata. The hardiness of the latter 2 species was not significantly different throughout the test period. In May, 50 to 60% of F. mandschurica and F. ovata flower buds bloomed; 5% of the ‘Lynwood’ bloomed. Regression equations at 20% flower bud survival indicated that during mid-winter F. mandschurica survived temperatures 3.6° colder than did F. ovata.
Chilling Requirements for Flowering of Ilex cornuta Lindl. Paxt. cv. Burfordii1
Authors: Wright R. D. , Milbocker D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii’ holly plants were maintained at 3-4°C for 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks. Following these treatments, the number of flowers to develop were greatest on plants receiving 6 or 8 weeks of chilling. Time required for flowering to begin and the duration of flowering was shortened by the longer exposures to cold treatment
Spot Application of Activated Charcoal to Increase Herbicide Selectivity on Watermelon1
Authors: Glaze N. C. , Phatak S. C. , Threadgill E. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Activated charcoal was applied as a spot treatment on soil surface over the seed of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai, cv. Charleston Gray]. Planting and charcoal application were done simultaneously with specially developed equipment. Activated charcoal at 358 kg/ha fully protected watermelon from terbacil (1.12 kg/ha) injury but provided only partial protection from atrazine (2.24 kg/ha) injury. Spot application of activated charcoal did not result in decreased weed control.
Autumn Lace ‘Florida Twist’ Dendrobium Hybrid1
Authors: Wilfret Gary J. , Kamemoto Haryuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The genus Dendrobium Swartz, of the subtribe Dendrobiinae, comprises over 1,000 species, making it one of the largest genera of Orchidaceae (3). Species are distributed from Japan to Tasmania and India to Polynesia, with the greatest concentration in New Guinea and Java. Their habitats range from tropical sea-level areas to cool mountain climates, and the genus has been sub-classified into sections based upon the diverse vegetative and floral characteristics of the species. Members of this genus have been cultivated and hybridized for over a century and have been used as garden, exhibition, and cut flowers.
‘Pennfresh ADX’ Hybrid Sweet Corn1
Authors: Garwood D. L. , Creech R. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Pennfresh ADX’ is a high-sugar sweet corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) based on the recessive endosperm gene combination amylose-extender (ae) dull (du) waxy (wx). The effects of this gene interaction on starch and sugar properties were reported by Creech (1). This hybrid can be harvested over a longer period than traditional sweet corns which are homozygous for the sugary (su) gene, and it retains its quality much longer following harvest. The symbol ADX is derived from these 3 gene names and is used to delineate this new class of sweet corn hybrids.
In Vitro Propagation of the Butterwort Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K.1
Authors: Adams Richard M. , Koenigsberg Steve S. , Langhans R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rapid clonal multiplication of Pinguicula moranensis H.B.K., an “orchid-flowered” butterwort, was achieved on 1/5-strength Linsmaier-Skoog medium with 30 g/liter sucrose, pH 6.5, 6 g/liter agar, 0.02 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA), and 0.01-0.10 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Ethylene Evolution in Apple following Post-bloom Thinning Sprays1
Authors: Walsh Christopher S. , Swartz Harry J. , Edgerton Louis J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene evolution in excised apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) spurs was measured following the application of thinning treatments. Within 1 day (20 hours) of application, ethylene evolution by spurs of ‘Golden Delicious’ trees treated with 15 ppm napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 100 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was 5 times greater than in control spurs, and those treated with 200 ppm ethephon evolved seven times more. Less fruit thinning occurred in response to the application of 100 ppm ethephon than 15 ppm NAA. Increased ethylene evolution was also detected in attached ‘Spatbluhender’ fruitlets 8 hours after NAA treatment.
Relative Importance of Rising Energy Costs on Pecan Production Costs in Georgia vs. Arizona1
Authors: Epperson J. E. , Allison J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cost analysis for production of pecans [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] under advanced management techniques indicate that rising energy costs will give a competitive advantage to a grove located in the lower coastal plain of the Southeast relative to one in the arid southwestern United States.
Control of Postharvest Decay of Papaya1
Authors: Couey H. Melvin , Farias Gilbert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thiabendazole (TBZ) applied in a carnauba wax formulation provided effective control of postharvest diseases of papaya (Carica papaya L.) for up to 14 days at 10°C plus ripening at room temperature. Slightly greater control of disease was observed when TBZ was used immediately after a short hot water spray treatment (54°, 1.5 minute). A more severe hot water dip treatment (48°, 20 minutes) was not significantly more effective than TBZ alone. Sodium o-phenylphenate (SOPP) in wax did not reduce decay when used alone or in combination with TBZ.
Seed Number and Size in Rabbiteye Blueberry Fruit1
Authors: Kushima T. , Austin M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed counts of 2 size grades from 3 fruit sizes were made from 30 fruits each of 21 rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars and selections. Total seeds/berry ranged from 110 for ‘Briteblue’ to 28 for selection T-111. Generally, larger fruit had more total and large seeds than smaller fruit; however, this relationship was not constant for all cultivars. Total seed number and number of large seeds per fruit appear to be heritable.
Yield, Stomatal Resistance, Xylem Pressure Potential, and Feeder Root Density in Three Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars1
Authors: Davies F. S. , Teramura A. H. , Buchanan D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tifblue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) yields were greatest when expressed as kg of fruit per bush; however, ‘Woodard’ outyielded ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Bluegem’ per m3 of canopy volume. ‘Tifblue’ was subjected to the greatest daytime water stress due to its large canopy volume and limited feeder root density. Consequently, changes in feeder root density had a pronounced effect on yields in ‘Tifblue’. Yield was also affected to a lesser extent by feeder root density in ‘Bluegem’ but was independent of this factor in ‘Woodard’.
Field Evaluation of Red Raspberry for Resistance to Aphis rubicola1
Authors: Brodel C. F. , Schaefers G. A. , Ourecky D. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘NY 632’ was the most resistant of 21 clones of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) evaluated for resistance to the aphid Aphis rubicola Oestlund in New York over a 3-year period.
Effects of Glyphosine and Triacontanol on Growth, Yield, and Soluble Solids Content of ‘PMR-45’ Muskmelons1
Authors: Bosland Judith M. , Hughes D. L. , Yamaguchi M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosine) was sprayed at 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 ppm on vine foliage of ‘PMR-45’ muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) once about 2 weeks after initial flowering. Branch length and number of leaves were reduced at 1600 ppm. Melon weight was increased at 200 ppm about 6.6%, while soluble solids content was increased at all concentrations above the control about 10%. Both effects were most evident toward the end of the season. Triacontanol, applied at 0.01, 1.0, and 10.0 ppm as a foliar spray at the 8 to 10 leaf stage had no effect on muskmelons.
Daylength Effect on Root Development of Jicama (Pachyrrhizus erosus Urban)1
Authors: Cotter D. J. , Gomez R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two jicama (Pachyrrhizus erosus Urban) or yam bean cultivars were grown for 0, 30, or 65 days of natural daylength prior to placement under short days (9-hour natural light, 0800 to 1700 hours) and long days (short day plus 87 watts/m2 incandescent light, from 2200 to 0200 hours). After 10 weeks, fleshy root growth was more rapid and extensive under short days for both cultivars in all pretreatment exposures. After 20 weeks, the relative differences in root dry weight were greater for 0- and 30-day pretreatment and in ‘Cristalina’ than in ‘Agua Dulce’.