bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Effect of the Intermediate Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Female Reproduction
Authors: Mohammed Stephanie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The use of intermediate frequency (IF) fields in occupational equipment and domestic appliances is increasing dramatically. The World Health Organization consistently points out that there is a lack of scientific evidence to assess the reproductive risk in female species within the exposure limits as stated by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. The purpose of this review paper is to review the available literature on the effects of IF EMR on female reproduction in all species and to fully understand these effects. A literature review of experimental, epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro literature from the 1800s to the present was conducted. Very few studies have been conducted on the effects of IF on female reproduction. The study of women in their workplace, laboratory rats and mice, and chicken embryos has yielded conflicting results on the dangers of IF. Some reports consider IF harmful during pregnancy, while other results show an insignificant (p < 0.05) correlation between the exposed group and the unexposed groups. The experiments conducted so far restrict several parameters such as field strength, frequency, and modulation to draw definitive conclusions. In two experiments, this frequency range is considered safe for non-invasive treatment of cancerous and noncancerous ovarian cells in the initial phase. Evaluation of the IF range on reproduction should be a priority for research. This review shows that there are few reports in this field, and they all contradict each other on whether the IF field is harmful or not. Nonetheless, IF is used in medicine to treat cancer and is currently being researched for non-cancerous cells. More comprehensive IF studies should be conducted to address the limitations in these summary studies.
Radium-223 Dichloride in Peritoneal Dialysate Following Treatment of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Saganich Christopher , Zgaljardic Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Radium-223 dichloride was administrated to a patient with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing in-home peritoneal dialysis. The peritoneal dialysate and tubing sets were collected following four treatment cycles and analyzed for removable contamination, dose rate, and radioactivity. The purpose of the study was to assess radiation safety concerns and compare data with patients having normal renal function. Sixty-two liters of dialysate in 22 samples were collected over 4 mo. The mean surface dose rate of the dialysate bags was 0.16 μSv h−1 (range 0.11–0.23 μSv h−1). The highest measured removable surface activity was 150 dpm per 100 cm2. The mean cumulative percent of administered activity was 1.7% (range 1.4–1.9%). The mean concentration of 223Ra in dialysate was 4.0 kBq L−1 (range 0.56–14.1 kBq L−1). There was no association between the measured 223Ra activity in dialysate with peritoneal dwell time or the number of exchanges following administration. The measurement of the 211Bi and 223Ra ratio in the dialysate compared with a standard showed an increase of 23% by 40 h post administration. The data presented suggest that 223Ra dialysate can be safely managed in the home without risk of radiation dose or contamination if minimal precautions are taken. Patients with normal renal function have been shown to excrete up to six times more 223Ra in urine compared to those undergoing hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. A potential consequence may be an increase in 223Ra activity transiting GI tract leading to intestinal effects.
Intermediate Outcomes of Deep Sclerectomy in Juvenile Glaucoma
Authors: Alharbi Shaima S. , Al Obaida Ibrahim , Al Jadaan Ibrahim , Al Owaifeer Adi M. 
Published: January 2022

Précis:
In this retrospective study of patients with predominantly severe juvenile open-angle glaucoma, deep sclerectomy (DS) achieved a success rate [defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 5 to 18 mm Hg] of 72% at 3 years.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DS in patients with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all JOAG patients that underwent DS with mitomycin C at a tertiary care eye center during the period from May 2014 to May 2019.

Results:
A total of 50 eyes in 37 patients were included. The mean age at the time of surgery was 27.1±11.3 years and the majority of patients (86%) had a cup-disc ratio of 0.8 to 0.9. The mean duration of follow-up was 26.1±13.4 months (range 12 to 54 mo). Mean IOP was reduced from 26.1±13.4 mm Hg at baseline to 15.2±6.4 mm Hg at the last follow-up visit (P<0.01). Moreover, the mean number of glaucoma medications decreased from 3.8±0.5 at baseline to 0.8±1.2 at the last follow-up visit (P<0.01). The cumulative probabilities of overall success (defined as IOP between 5 and 18 mm Hg) at 12, 24, and 36 months were 94%, 85%, and 72%, respectively. Hypotony occurred in 4 eyes (8%), and in one of these patients, the final visual acuity was >2 lines worse compared with presentation. No other vision-threatening complications were encountered.

Conclusion:
DS in JOAG was safe and successfully controlled IOP in most patients for 3 years.
Comparison of the Structure-Function Relationship in Glaucoma Using Optical Microangiography in the Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer
Authors: Nakatani Yusuke , Sugiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: January 2022

Précis:
Optical microangiography measurements correlated with functional parameters in glaucoma patients. Optical coherence tomography angiography–derived vessel perfusion density (VPD) better reflected the structure-function relationship than flux index (FI) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the structure-function relationship between peripapillary optical microangiography (OMAG) measurements and standard automated perimetry (SAP) loss by comparison with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
One eye from each of 128 patients with early-to-severe glaucoma (including preperimetric glaucoma) and 23 normal participants underwent optic nerve head scanning of the radial peripapillary capillaries and pRNFL scans with OMAG centered on the optic disc and SAP (mean age: 67.8±12.0 y; SAP mean deviation: −5.84±6.6 dB). Regional relationships between VPD, FI, pRNFL thickness, and corresponding SAP sensitivity were compared using linear and fractional polynomial (FP) models.

Results:
Structure was significantly related to function for all but the nasal pRNFL thickness region. For VPD, the coefficient of determination (R
2) using the FP model was significantly stronger than that of the linear model (FP: 0.25 to 0.67, linear: 0.19 to 0.61), while no difference was found for FI in any region (FP: 0.19 to 0.44, linear: 0.15 to 0.42). R
2 for VPD was stronger than FI and pRNFL (FP: 0.11 to 0.52, linear: 0.01 to 0.44) in inferior and superior regions, while VPD and FI were not different in temporal and nasal regions.

Conclusions:
VPD showed a stronger association with visual field loss than FI or retinal nerve fiber layer thickness except in the temporal region. The FI relationship was weak but more linear around the peripapillary region. The strength of the structure-function relationship may differ depending on the region of OMAG measurements.
Trabeculotomy Versus Combined Trabeculotomy-Trabeculectomy for Management of Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Yazdani Shahin , Pakravan Mohammad , Gerami Ebrahim , Doozandeh Azadeh , Esfandiari Hamed , Sharifipour Farideh 
Published: January 2022

Précis:
Trabeculotomy (T) alone is as safe and effective as combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (TT) in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and requires significantly fewer examinations under anesthesia in the postoperative period.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of T and combined TT as the initial surgical procedure for patients with PCG.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, medical records of patients who had undergone T or TT as the initial procedure for PCG were reviewed. The primary outcome measure was a surgical success, defined as 5≤ intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21 mm Hg, IOP reduction of at least 20% with no need for further glaucoma surgery. Secondary outcome measures were the number of glaucoma medications and complications.

Results:
A total of 134 eyes from 134 patients with a mean follow-up of 8±6.6 years were included consisting of 106 and 28 eyes, which had undergone T and TT, respectively. Success rates were comparable with both surgical procedures at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years with no statistically significant difference. IOP was significantly decreased from 27.5±4.2 mm Hg preoperatively to 15.62±3.4 mm Hg at the 5-year follow-up visit in the T group and from 25.3±6.5 to 17.1±3.2 mm Hg in the TT group (P=0.1) there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the number of glaucoma medications (P=0.2). Patients in the T group required significantly fewer examinations under anesthesia than the TT group (7.3±4.4 vs. 10.1±3.9, P=0.04).

Conclusion:
Trabeculotomy alone seems as effective as combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy and may significantly reduce exposure to anesthesia in primary congenital glaucoma patients.
Investigation of Amoxicillin Use in Fever Clinic Patients: Standardized Application of Antibiotics is Still Challenging
Authors: Yu Dong-Shan , Gao Zhen , Ai Mao-Xing , Wu Yu-Chan , Xi Wen-Na 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Amoxicillin is widely used by the Chinese population and available in pharmacies without prescription. We performed a retrospective study on patients with fever who took amoxicillin before going to the fever clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. Among the total of 9093 patients attending the fever clinic, 446 patients had a history of taking amoxicillin, from which 100 cases were randomly selected to evaluate the therapeutic effects of non-prescribed amoxicillin by changes in clinical symptoms, counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). The control group consisted of 100 randomly selected patients for who it was verified that they did not take antibiotics before attending the fever clinic. Our study showed that there were no significant differences between the group of patients taking amoxicillin and the control group in terms of symptom improvement, white blood cell, neutrophil or lymphocyte counts, or the levels of CRP. Therefore, our study indicated that although non-prescribed amoxicillin is widely used among patients with fever, it does not provide significant beneficial therapeutic effects. There is still a long way to go to standardize the application of antibiotics and popularize knowledge on proper antibiotics use among the population.
The Intersectionality of HIV-Related Stigma and Tobacco Smoking Stigma With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Among Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kim Sun S. , DeMarco Rosanna F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study examined the intersectionality of HIV-related stigma, tobacco smoking stigma, and mental health among women living with HIV who were daily smokers. This secondary analysis used baseline data from 2 pilot smoking cessation studies. Participants received either an HIV-tailored or an attention-control intervention focused on smoking cessation as an outcome. There were significant positive relationships between HIV-related stigma and depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, tobacco smoking stigma had no significant relationship with either of the symptoms when HIV-related stigma was controlled. However, there was a significant interaction effect (β = 1.37, p = .02) of tobacco smoking stigma with internalized HIV-related stigma on anxiety symptoms. Tobacco smoking stigma worsened anxiety symptoms for women who had high internalized HIV-related stigma. Health care providers should understand the effect of HIV-related stigma on mental health and address the intersectionality of HIV-related stigma with other socially disapproved behaviors, such as tobacco smoking.
Influence of Clinical Instructor Experience on Assessing Doctor of Physical Therapist Student Clinical Performance: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Rubertone Patricia P. , Nixon-Cave Kim , Wellmon Robert 
Published: January 2022

Introduction.
Formative and summative feedback are essential for physical therapist students' professional growth. Achieving objectivity in student clinical assessment has been a longstanding concern for health care educators and ambiguity surrounds what is meant by competent clinical practice. According to a sociocultural perspective, clinical performance is socially constructed and based on an individual's perception of what is taking place, which may explain differences identified in the literature between novice and experienced assessors of student clinical performance. However, it is not known whether novice clinical instructors (CIs) differ from experienced CIs in their assessment practices of student physical therapists. The purposes of this study were to examine whether novice and experienced CIs' assessment practice differ and explore the reasons for these differences (if any).

Methods.
Novice and experienced CIs for physical therapist students' 3 full-time clinical education experiences served as participants for this study. A mixed-methods research design was used. In the quantitative phase, novice and experienced CI-assigned midterm and final student ratings of the Clinical Performance Instrument (CPI) were compared. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews, document review, and participant observation were conducted.

Results.
Experienced CIs awarded higher ratings on the CPI than novice CIs, but ratings on only a few of the performance criteria were significantly different. Qualitatively, both novice and experienced CIs were similar in terms of the importance assigned to professional behavior and safety. However, novice CIs were more literal and concrete and experienced CIs were more flexible and varied. Three CI roles (CI as student, CI as clinician, and CI as assessor), CI self-confidence, reflection, context, assessor approach, and assessor agreement emerged as strong themes throughout.

Discussion and Conclusion.
The low number of statistically significant differences between novice and experienced CIs' awarding CPI ratings suggests that there were few true quantitative disparities between the assessors. Both study cohorts' backgrounds as former students and as current clinicians as well as their stage of CI professional development seem to have influenced their approach to clinical assessment.
Analysis of Hearing Preservation in Middle Cranial Fossa Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: La Monte Olivia A. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Khan Usman , Schwartz Marc , Friedman Rick 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Describe the effect of preoperative hearing on the likelihood of hearing preservation after middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach for resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) and the effect of hearing preservation on disease-specific quality of life (QOL).

Study design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Academic tertiary care skull base surgery program.

Patients:
Sixty three adult patients with preoperative word recognition score (WRS) ≥50% who underwent MCF resection of VS between 2017 and 2020.

Interventions:
All patients underwent MCF VS resection with attempted hearing preservation.

Main outcome measures:
Hearing preservation (postoperative WRS ≥50%), hearing-related Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) score.

Results:
Sixty three patients with mean age 47.4 (±9.6) years and tumor size 11.5 (±0.5) mm were analyzed. Hearing was preserved (+HP) and lost (−HP) in 37 (58.7%) and 26 (41.3%) patients, respectively. Preoperatively, pure tone average audiometry was significantly lower among the +HP group (20.0 dB) versus −HP (31.0 dB, p < 0.003). WRS was higher among +HP versus −HP (94% vs. 84%, respectively; p < 0.002). Linear regression showed that intra- versus extra-canalicular tumor location, sudden hearing loss history, fundal fluid cap thickness, and tumor size had no relationship to hearing preservation outcomes. When evaluating postoperative QOL data (n = 37) hearing-related PANQOL score differed between +HP and −HP (t
35 = 2.458, p = 0.0191) groups.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of patients undergoing MCF resection of VS, rates of HP were higher for patients with excellent preoperative hearing. Postoperatively, +HP patients reported improved hearing-related PANQOL scores compared to −HP patients.
How Face Masks Interfere With Speech Understanding of Normal-Hearing Individuals: Vision Makes the Difference
Authors: Sönnichsen Rasmus , Llorach Tó Gerard , Hochmuth Sabine , Hohmann Volker , Radeloff Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To investigate the effects of wearing a simulated mask on speech perception of normal-hearing subjects.

Study Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
University hospital.

Patients:
Fifteen normal-hearing, native German speakers (8 female, 7 male).

Intervention:
Different experimental conditions with and without simulated face masks using the audiovisual version of the female German Matrix test (Oldenburger Satztest, OLSA).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at speech intelligibility of 80%.

Results:
The SNR at which 80% speech intelligibility was achieved deteriorated by a mean of 4.1 dB SNR when simulating a medical mask and by 5.1 dB SNR when simulating a cloth mask in comparison to the audiovisual condition without mask. Interestingly, the contribution of the visual component alone was 2.6 dB SNR and thus had a larger effect than the acoustic component in the medical mask condition.

Conclusions:
As expected, speech understanding with face masks was significantly worse than under control conditions. Thus, the speaker's use of face masks leads to a significant deterioration of speech understanding by the normal-hearing listener. The data suggest that these effects may play a role in many everyday situations that typically involve noise.
Long-term Prognosis of Vertigo Attacks and Health-related Quality of Life Limitations in Patients With Vestibular Paroxysmia
Authors: Hanskamp Lise A. J. , Schermer Tjard R. , van Leeuwen Roeland B. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To explore the long-term course of outcomes in vestibular paroxysmia (VP).

Study design:
Cross-sectional observational study with a retrospective collection of baseline data.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Adult patients who visited the Apeldoorn Dizziness Center between 2010 and 2020 and were diagnosed with definite or probable VP according to the Bárány Society criteria were contacted by telephone to complete a study-specific questionnaire. Baseline data were retrospectively collected from patients electronic medical records to allow comparison between baseline and follow-up data.

Main outcome measures:
Vertigo attack frequency, use of carbamazepine and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) limitations were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were the number of attack-free years and perceived effect of medication for VP.

Results:
Seventy three patients were included, 61 (84%) of whom agreed to participate in the follow-up study. Mean age was 55.0 (SD 13.1) years, 49.2% were females. Mean follow-up was 3.4 years (range 0.4–11.3). At follow-up, 44 responders (72%) still experienced vertigo attacks. Average attack frequency in the past 6 months was 307 (SD 451) at baseline and 153 (SD 279) at follow-up (p = 0.050). At follow-up, 19.7% (n = 12) of the responders reported to use or have used carbamazepine, 58% of patients who (had) used this medication reported a positive perceived effect. Overall, 71% (n = 31) of the responders reported to have limitations in one or more HRQoL items due to their VP.

Conclusion:
Our study shows a rather unfavorable prognosis in patients with VP in terms of vertigo attacks and HRQoL limitations. After the initial diagnosis follow-up is warranted to monitor clinical outcomes in these patients.
Clinical Factors Associated With Positive Stool PCR for Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Celiac and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Varma Sanskriti , Green Peter H. , Krishnareddy Suneeta 
Published: January 2022

Goals:
We aimed to identify the clinical factors of celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with positive stool gastrointestinal (GI) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.

Background:
Understanding the pattern of enteric infections in CeD and IBD may allow further insight into microbiome-mediated pathogeneses.

Study:
This was a retrospective study of adult patients (age 18 y or above) with CeD and IBD at a large quaternary care institution. We identified patients with CeD or IBD who underwent stool GIPCR evaluation as outpatients (office visit or at endoscopy) between March 2015 and March 2019. Patients with a negative GIPCR test within the study time frame were randomly chosen as controls (1 : 1). The independent relationship between clinical characteristics and positive GIPCR was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 266 patients met criteria for the study, including 92 (35%) with CeD and 174 (65%) with IBD. On multivariable analysis of factors associated with positive GIPCR test, CeD patients were more likely to have diarrheal presentation of illness [odds ratio (OR): 2.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-6.72], experience extraintestinal manifestations (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.01-6.31), and practice a gluten-free diet for at least 5 years (OR: 4.00, 95% CI: 1.36-11.67), relative to those with a negative GIPCR test. IBD patients with positive GIPCR were more likely to be on corticosteroids (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.02-5.4.84), experience extraintestinal manifestations (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.22-5.53), and use proton-pump inhibitors (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.69-9.77).

Conclusions:
Intestinal infections in CeD and IBD are associated with important disease-specific characteristics.