bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy or Surgery of the Axilla After a Positive Sentinel Node in Breast Cancer: 10-Year Results of the Randomized Controlled EORTC 10981-22023 AMAROS Trial
Authors: Bartels Sanne A.L. , Donker Mila , Poncet Coralie , Sauvé Nicolas , Straver Marieke E. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Mansel Robert E. , Blanken Charlotte , Orzalesi Lorenzo , Klinkenbijl Jean H.G. , van der Mijle Huub C.J. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A.P. , Veltkamp Sanne C. , van Dalen Thijs , Marinelli Andreas , Rijna Herman , Snoj Marko , Bundred Nigel J. , Merkus Jos W.S. , Belkacemi Yazid , Petignat Patrick , Schinagl Dominic A.X. , Coens Corneel , van Tienhoven Geertjan , van Duijnhoven Frederieke , Rutgers Emiel J.T. 
Published: November 2022

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. PURPOSE The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10981-22023 AMAROS trial evaluated axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) versus axillary radiotherapy (ART) in patients with cT1-2, node-negative breast cancer and a positive sentinel node (SN) biopsy. At 5 years, both modalities showed excellent and comparable axillary control, with significantly less morbidity after ART. We now report the preplanned 10-year analysis of the axillary recurrence rate (ARR), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS), and an updated 5-year analysis of morbidity and quality of life. METHODS In this open-label multicenter phase III noninferiority trial, 4,806 patients underwent SN biopsy; 1,425 were node-positive and randomly assigned to either ALND (n = 744) or ART (n = 681). RESULTS Per intention-to-treat analysis, 10-year ARR cumulative incidence was 0.93% (95% CI, 0.18 to 1.68; seven events) after ALND and 1.82% (95% CI, 0.74 to 2.94; 11 events) after ART (hazard ratio [HR], 1.71; 95% CI, 0.67 to 4.39). There were no differences in OS (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.52) or DFS (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.46). ALND was associated with a higher lymphedema rate in updated 5-year analyses (24.5% v 11.9%; P < .001). Quality-of-life scales did not differ by treatment through 5 years. Exploratory analysis showed a 10-year cumulative incidence of second primary cancers of 12.1% (95% CI, 9.6 to 14.9) after ART and 8.3% (95% CI, 6.3 to 10.7) after ALND. CONCLUSION This 10-year analysis confirms a low ARR after both ART and ALND with no difference in OS, DFS, and locoregional control. Considering less arm morbidity, ART is preferred over ALND for patients with SN-positive cT1-2 breast cancer.
Periodic solution of the parametric Gaylord's oscillator with a non-perturbative approach
Authors: El-Dib Yusry O. , Elgazery Nasser S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The vibration of a regular rigid bar without sliding over a solid annular surface of a specified radius can be considered by a parametric Gaylord's oscillator. The governing equation was the result of a strong nonlinear oscillation without having a natural frequency. The present work is concerned with obtaining the approximate solution and amplitude-frequency equation of the parametric Gaylord's equation via an easier process. The non-perturbative approach was applied twice to analyze the present oscillator. Two steps are used, the first is to transform Gaylord's oscillator to the parametric pendulum equation having a natural frequency. The second step is to establish the amplitude-frequency relationship which was taken out in terms of the Bessel functions. A periodic analytic solution is obtained, in the presence or without the parametric force. The frequency at the resonance case is established without a perturbation for the first time. The stability condition is established and discussed graphically. The analytic solution was also validated by comparing it with its corresponding numerical data which showed a very good agreement. In a word, by dissection of the behavior of strong nonlinearity oscillators, the non-perturbative technique is characterized by its ease and simplicity along with high accuracy when compared to other perturbative methods.
Heterogeneous phase oscillators encoded by simplexes under coupling strength symmetry breaking: Optimal synchronization and abrupt desynchronization
Authors: Liu Xiangdong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent advances demonstrate that the collective dynamics of heterogeneous phase oscillators ensemble encoded by simplexes play an important role in the storage of information in the human brain. In this letter, we discuss the collective dynamics of heterogeneous phase oscillator networks encoded by simplexes under coupling strength symmetry breaking. Specifically, the strength of the asymmetric coupling between the oscillators is redefined by the degree of the oscillators under 1- and 2-simplex encoding and the heterogeneity parameter. Here, we discuss the effect of different degrees of coupling strength symmetry breaking on the synchronization capability of the system. In particular, we find that proper coupling strength symmetry breaking is beneficial to enhance the synchronization capability of the system. We capture an interesting phenomenon in heterogeneous phase oscillator networks that distinguish symmetric coupling under 1- and 2-simplex encoding, i.e., the system exhibits significant desynchronization behavior under strong symmetry breaking of the coupling strength. Finally, for a fixed heterogeneity parameter and coupling strength assignment probability, we give the optimal intrinsic frequency assignment scheme based on the spectral decomposition of the composite Laplace matrix of the underlying network. Theoretically, these findings may help us to better understand the collective dynamics in heterogeneous phase oscillator networks encoded by simplexes under asymmetric coupling that are prevalent in the real world. In particular, they provide inspiration and guidance for optimizing the synchronization of heterogeneous phase oscillator networks encoded by simplexes under coupling strength symmetry breaking.
Ultrabroad reflective polarization converter in terahertz based on circular-end graphene rectangles
Authors: Ding Yuzhuo , Chang Yunwei , Yao Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Polarization is one of the basic properties of electromagnetic waves. Control and manipulation of polarization by devices based on metasurfaces have versatile applications in modern technologies. We propose a broadband reflective cross-polarization converter in the THz region based on an array of circular-end graphene rectangular patches. Efficient polarization conversion was accomplished through dipole graphene plasmon resonances (DGPRs), either along the long or the short axis of the graphene patches. As the width of the rectangles increased, a new longitudinal dipole mode appeared due to the circular ends of the patches. It grew strong and connected the original DGPRs, constructing an ultrabroad conversion band with efficiency over 94% from approximately 2.5 to 5.0 THz. The relative bandwidth was nearly 66%, surpassing most broadband converters reported. Such broad conversion held for a wide incident angle range as DGPRs were robust to the direction of irradiation. Due to the adjustable optical properties of graphene, the broad conversion band can be tuned. These findings are inspiring for creating broadband, compact and dynamic optoelectrical devices in the THz range.
Adaptive altruistic strategy in cyclic models during an epidemic
Authors: Menezes J. , Ferreira B. , Rangel E. , Moura B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate a cyclic game system where organisms face an epidemic beyond being threatened by natural enemies. As a survival strategy, individuals of one out of the species usually safeguard themselves by approaching the enemies of their enemies and performing social distancing to escape contamination when an outbreak affects the neighbourhood. We simulate how the survival movement strategy to local epidemic surges must adapt if a pathogen mutation makes the disease deadlier. We study the spatial distribution of local outbreaks and observe the influence of disease mortality on individuals' spatial organisation. We show that adapting the survival movement strategy for a high-mortality disease demands an altruistic behaviour of the organisms since their death risk increases. Despite weakening the disease transmission chain, which benefits the species, abandoning refuges provided by safeguarding social interaction increases the vulnerability to being eliminated in the cyclic game. Considering that not all individuals exhibit altruism, we find the relative growth in the species density as a function of the proportion of individuals behaving altruistically. Our results may be helpful for biologists and data scientists to understand how adaptive altruistic processes can affect population dynamics in complex systems.
Duration of Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and Risk of Heart Failure Among Adults With Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Huan-Huan , Li Fu-Rong , Chen Ze-Kun , Zhou Meng-Ge , Xie Li-Feng , Jin Yuan-Yuan , Li Zhi-Hui , Chen Guo-Chong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Context
The influences of diabetes duration and glycemic control and their potential interplays on the risk of heart failure (HF) remain unclear.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the association of diabetes duration and glycemic control with the risk of HF.

Methods
A total of 23 754 individuals with diabetes but without HF during the baseline recruitment of UK Biobank were included in this study. Duration of diabetes was self-reported, and the status of glycemic control was reflected by glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Their associations with incident HF were assessed using multivariate Cox models adjusting for traditional risk factors.

Results
Duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels both were positively associated with the risk of HF. The hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) for diabetes durations of 5 to less than 10, 10 to less than 15, and 15 years or more were 1.09 (0.97-1.23), 1.13 (0.97-1.30), and 1.32 (1.15-1.53), respectively (vs &lt; 5 years); and the HRs for HbA1c of 53.0 to less than 58.5 mmol/mol (7.0% to &lt; 7.5%), 58.5 to less than 63.9 mmol/mol (7.5% to &lt; 8.0%), and 63.9 mmol/mol or greater (8.0%) were 1.15 (1.02-1.31), 1.07 (0.91-1.26), and 1.46 (1.30-1.65), respectively (vs &lt; 53.0 mmol/mol [7.0%]). Individuals with the longest disease duration (≥ 15 years) and poorer glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 63.9 mmol/mol [8.0%]) had a particularly higher risk of HF (P for interaction = .026).

Conclusion
The risk of HF among individuals with diabetes increases with a longer duration of diabetes and increasing HbA1c levels. This finding may contribute to the individualized prevention of HF in patients with diabetes if being considered in clinical practices and policy-making.
State Immigration Policy Contexts and Racialized Legal Status Disparities in Health Care Utilization Among U.S. Agricultural Workers
Authors: Schut Rebecca Anna , Boen Courtney 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Research links restrictive immigration policies to immigrant health and health care outcomes. Yet most studies in this area focus on the impact of single policies in particular years, with few assessing how broader state-level immigration policy contexts affect groups by nativity, race/ethnicity, and legal status. Linking data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (2005–2012) with information on state immigration policies, we use an intersectional approach to examine the links between policy contexts and health care utilization by nativity, race/ethnicity, and legal status. We also assess the associations between two specific types of state immigration policies—those governing immigrant access to Medicaid and driver's licenses—and health care utilization disparities. We find that state-level immigration policy contexts are associated with health care utilization among U.S.-born and naturalized U.S. citizen non-White Latinx agricultural workers, who report lower levels of health care utilization and greater barriers to care-seeking in more restrictive policy contexts. By contrast, we find little evidence that state policies shaped health care utilization among undocumented workers. These findings advance understanding of the impact of “policies of exclusion” on the lives of marginalized groups and underscore the importance of racialized legal status in considering the links between sociopolitical contexts and health and health care disparities.
Choreographing the motor-driven endosomal dance
Authors: Jongsma Marlieke L. M. , Bakker Nina , Neefjes Jacques 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe endosomal system orchestrates the transport of lipids, proteins and nutrients across the entire cell. Along their journey, endosomes mature, change shape via fusion and fission, and communicate with other organelles. This intriguing endosomal choreography, which includes bidirectional and stop-and-go motions, is coordinated by the microtubule-based motor proteins dynein and kinesin. These motors bridge various endosomal subtypes to the microtubule tracks thanks to their cargo-binding domain interacting with endosome-associated proteins, and their motor domain interacting with microtubules and associated proteins. Together, these interactions determine the mobility of different endosomal structures. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the factors regulating the different interactions to tune the fascinating dance of endosomes along microtubules.
Sonographic and elastographic findings after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a comparison with clinical results
Authors: Kim Ji Na , Park Hee Jin , Kim Myung Sub , Choi Yoon Jung , Kim Eugene , Park Jai Hyung , Hong Seok Woo 
Published: November 2022

Objective: We assessed the relationship between early postoperative clinical outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) and observations obtained by postsurgical ultrasound (US) and strain elastography (SE) of repaired supraspinatus tendons (SSTs). Methods: This retrospective study included 42 cases in which the patient underwent ARCR followed by postoperative US and SE. The Korean Shoulder Scoring (KSS) system was used to assess preoperative and postoperative conditions. The thickness of the repaired SST and subdeltoid fluid was measured by US. SE scores were classified into four grades (1 to 4) according to elasticity of repaired SST. In addition, SE scores were divided into two groups: soft (SE scores of 1 and 2) and hard (SE scores of 3 and 4). The relationship between clinical outcomes and US parameters and SE scores was determined by KSS. Results: Postoperative SE scores observed by two readers correlated significantly with function (p = 0.021 and p = 0.021, respectively) and muscle strength (p = 0.008 and p = 0.015, respectively). SE scores were significantly correlated with a difference value of muscle strength of KSS scores (p = 0.002 and p = 0.014). In a comparison of hard and soft groups of repaired SSTs, function (p = 0.008 and p = 0.010, respectively) and muscle strength (p = 0.002 and p = 0.014, respectively) in postoperative KSS scores were statistically higher in the hard SE scores than the soft SE scores. The difference value of function (p = 0.021 and p = 0.021,) and muscle strength (p = 0.008 and p = 0.015) of KSS scores was significantly higher in the hard SE scores. Conclusions: Postoperative SE scores of repaired tendons correlated significantly with muscle strength and function after ARCR. Postoperative US images including thickness of repaired tendon and subdeltoid fluid did not correlate with clinical outcome. Advances in knowledge: SE evaluations of repaired SST may provide important information about postoperative muscle strength and function.
Prevalence of Lipohypertrophy and its Associations in Insulin-Treated Diabetic Patients
Authors: Nawaz Arsalan , Hasham Muhammad Adnan , Shireen Maria , Mehwish Iftikhar  
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives: Lipohypertrophy is a major complications of insulin therapy especially attributed to incorrect insulin technique. The objective was to determine the frequency of lipohypertrophy in diabetic population on insulin and its associations.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Services Hospital Lahore from July 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2020. Total of 363 diabetic patients, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were approached. The patients were examined and interviewed through a validated questionnaire. The data was stratified according to the age, gender, duration of diabetes, duration of insulin use, frequency of LH and duration since last instructions reviewed. The chi-square test was applied. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.
Results: Mean age of the study population was 49.71± 13.36 years. Majority were females (57.6%). LH was noted in 22.86% of participants (n=83). There was significant statistical difference noted (P <0.05) between different age groups as 29.7 % of patients in age group above 45 had LH as compared to 19.6% in the below 45 years age group. More females (28.2%) were having LH than the males (15.6%) with P<0.05. Also, significant difference was noted for needle reuse more than 10 times, more than two injections per day and longer duration since last instructions reviewed. No significant difference was noted between different devices for injection as well as for duration of diabetes. LH is strongly associated with hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia with P<0.05.
Conclusion: A significant diabetic population on insulin has noted to have LH, and the risk is more with aged population, female gender, more injections per day and multiple time needle reuses. Risk of LH can be reduced by reinforcing education.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6134
How to cite this: Nawaz A, Hasham MA, Shireen M, Iftikhar M. Prevalence of Lipohypertrophy and its Associations in Insulin-Treated Diabetic Patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6134
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
THz and Raman Spectroscopy in Steroid Chemistry
Authors: Cherkasova O.P. , Nazarov M.M. , Smirnova I.N. , Shkurinov A.P. 
Published: November 2022

The terahertz time-domain and Raman spectra of steroids in the region of 0.1-3.5 THz have been measured. Steroids have several intense and specific absorption features in the THz frequency region. The features are uniquely determined by a hormone structure. This allows us to analyze steroids in complex samples such as pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs and biological fluids, and in process of the pharmacological and chemical synthesis.
Cortical auditory potentials and cognitive potentials in individuals with and without vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Kumar Kaushlendra , S Krishnapriya , Ebenezer Anupriya , Kalaiah Mohan Kumar , D Deviprasad 
Published: November 2022

Background: Vestibular dysfunction is known to affect cognitive abilities related to the processing of spatial and non-spatial information. P300 is an event-related potential (ERP) used to assess cognitive function. Studies have shown abnormalities in P300 in individuals with vestibular hypofunction. However, the literature shows equivocal findings for P300 in individuals with vestibular dysfunction. The aim of present study was to compare the latency and amplitude of cortical auditory evoked potential and P300 between individuals with vestibular dysfunction and individuals with no vestibular dysfunction. Methods: Forty adults with a mean age of 40.5 years participated in the study. Group I included 20 adults diagnosed with vestibular dysfunction and group II included 20 age-matched adults with no vestibular dysfunction. The P300 was recorded using pure-tones in an odd-ball paradigm, from electrode sites Cz and Pz. The latency and amplitude of peaks P1, N1, P2, N2 P300, and N4 were measured. Results: The results showed no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of peaks P1, N1, P2, and N2 of the cortical auditory potentials between groups. The P300 was absent in approximately 30% of individuals with vestibular dysfunction meanwhile, it was present in all individuals in group II. The mean latency and amplitude of the P300 and latency of N4 were not significantly different between the groups. However, a significant difference was observed in N4 amplitude between groups at both electrode sites. And, no correlation was observed between the DHI score and the P300 parameters in group I. Conclusions: the P300 was absent in a greater number of individuals with vestibular dysfunction, suggesting cognitive impairment. However, when the P300 was present the peak latency and amplitude showed no significant difference in both groups.
Survival status and predictors of mortality among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa COVID-19 Care Centers, Ethiopia: A survival analysis
Authors: Nega Girma , Sibhat Migbar , Mekonnen Altayework , Techane Tesfaye 
Published: November 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress on the health care system of many countries worldwide. To accommodate the growing number of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, hospitals expanded and tried to meet overwhelming demands. Despite this, outcomes of patients after mechanical ventilation were devastating, with high mortality rates. Therefore, this study investigated the survival status and predictors of mortality among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was applied on the patient charts of 496 critically ill and mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients at intensive care units of Addis Ababa COVID-19 Care Centers from September 2020 to October 2021. Data were collected using a data extraction checklist and entered into Epi data manager. Then, data were transferred to STATA V-14 for cleaning and analysis. The cox-proportional hazard regression model was used for analysis. Covariates with p-value ≤0.20 in the bivariate analysis were fitted to multivariate analysis after the model fitness test. Finally, statistical significance was decided at p-value <0.05, and hazard ratios were used to determine the strength of associations. Results: Of the 496 patients, 63.3% had died. The incidence rate of mortality was 56.7 (95% CI: 50.80, 63.37) per 1,000 person-days of observation, with 5534 person-day observations recorded. Advanced age (>60 years old) (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.86; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.15) and being invasively ventilated (AHR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.26) were associated with increased risk of mortality. Furthermore, presence of diabetes (AHR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.08), shock (AHR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.52), and delirium (AHR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.44) were significantly associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: Clear directions are needed in the recommendation of non-invasive versus invasive ventilation, especially among elderly patients. The controversy of when to intubate (early versus late) needs to be clarified as well. Early detection and prompt management of shock is paramount.