bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulations of the elastodynamic equations in anisotropic and multiphasic porous media from the principle of energy conservation
Authors: Zhou Yinqiu , Zhang Xiumei , Liu Lin , Liu Tingting , Wang Xiuming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Elastodynamic equations have been formulated with Newton's second law of motion, Lagrange's equation, or Hamilton's principle for over 150 years. In this work, contrary to classical continuum mechanics, a novel strategic methodology is proposed for formulating general mechanical equations using the principle of energy conservation. First, based on Hamilton's principle, Hamilton's equations, Lagrange's equation, and the elastodynamic equation of motion are derived in arbitrarily anisotropic and multiphasic porous elastic media, for the first time. Secondly, these equations are all formulated using the principle of energy conservation for the related media. Both formulation results using the two kinds of principles are compared and validated by each other. The advantages of our methodology lie in that the elastodynamic equation of motion, Lagrange's equation, and Hamilton's equations in continuum mechanics are directly formulated using a simple constraint of energy conservation without introducing variational concepts. It is easy to understand and has clear physical meanings. Our methodology unlocks the physics essences of Hamilton's principle in continuum mechanics, which is a consequence of the principle of energy conservation. Although the linear stress–strain constitutive relation is considered, our methodology can still be used in a nonlinear dynamical system. The methodology also paves an alternative way of treating other complex continuous dynamical systems in a broad sense. In addition, as an application, the continuity conditions at various medium interfaces are also revisited and extended using our proposed approach, which explains the law of reflections and refractions.
Ethnoracial Variation in Risk for Psychotic Experiences
Authors: DeVylder Jordan , Anglin Deidre , Munson Michelle R , Nishida Atsushi , Oh Hans , Marsh Jonathan , Narita Zui , Bareis Natalie , Fedina Lisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground & HypothesisPsychotic disorders are inequitably distributed by race in the United States, although it is not known whether this is due to assessment biases or inequitable distributions of risk factors. Psychotic experiences are subclinical hallucinations and delusions used to study the etiology of psychosis, which are based on self-report and therefore not subject to potential clinician biases. In this study, we test whether the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PE) varies by race and if this variance is explained by socioenvironmental risk factors.Study DesignData on demographics, PE, and socioenvironmental risk factors were collected through the National Survey of Poly-victimization and Mental Health, a national probability sample of US young adults. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether PE prevalence varied by race/ethnicity and, if so, whether this was attenuated with inclusion of indicators of income, education, urban/rural living, discrimination, and trauma exposure.Study ResultsBlack and Hispanic respondents reported PE at significantly greater rates than White or “other” ethnoracial groups, with hallucinations more commonly reported by Hispanic respondents. PE were significantly associated with police violence exposure, discrimination, adverse childhood experiences, and educational attainment. These factors statistically explained ethnoracial differences in the likelihood of overall PE occurrence and of nearly all PE subtypes.ConclusionsPreviously observed racial differences in psychosis extend beyond clinical schizophrenia, and therefore, are unlikely to be explained entirely by clinician biases. Instead, racial disparities in PE appear to be driven by features of structural racism, trauma, and discrimination.
Measurement of Disease Activity of Pouchitis
Authors: Chis Roxana S. , Silverberg Mark S. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND:Pouchitis is the most common inflammatory complication in ulcerative colitis patients undergoing postoperative construction of an IPAA. Pouchitis refers to a spectrum of diseases, and as such, it lacks a universally accepted definition as well as validated instruments to measure disease activity and treatment response. Assessing pouchitis activity is challenging, and methods for diagnosis and classification of severity of pouchitis are not universally agreed upon.CLINICAL FEATURES:Pouchitis is characterized by a constellation of clinical symptoms, including increased stool frequency, urgency, incontinence, bleeding, and rarely constitutional symptoms such as malaise and low-grade fever. However, these symptoms are subjective, and similar symptoms can be caused by noninflammatory conditions including anal sphincter dysfunction, anastomotic strictures, occult leaks, pouch inlet obstruction, and cuffitis. Objective scores that include endoscopic and histologic criteria have been developed for subjects with an IPAA. However, these instruments are not validated for measuring pouchitis disease activity and are associated with a number of challenges. In addition, the clinical components of the scores correlate poorly with endoscopic and histologic findings.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS:There is a need for prospective studies to facilitate the development and validation of novel instruments that are valid, reliable, and responsive to change that would facilitate the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of pouchitis.
What Parameters Influence the Effect of Cold-Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Batista Natanael P. , de Carvalho Flávia A. , Machado Aryane F. , Micheletti Jéssica K. , Pastre Carlos M. 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
Our objective was to determine the efficacy of cold-water immersion (CWI) on the management of muscle soreness to identify the impact of immersion time, water temperature, CWI protocol, and type of exercise on this outcome.

Design:
Intervention systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting:
MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Central, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from their earliest record to July 30, 2020. Only randomized controlled trials that assessed muscle soreness comparing CWI and control were included. Studies were pooled in different subgroups regarding the used protocol: water temperature (severe or moderate cold), immersion time (short, medium, or longer time), CWI protocol (intermittent or continuous application), and type of exercise (endurance or resistance exercise). Data were pooled in a meta-analysis and described as weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval, P < 0.05).

Participants:
Athletes and nonathletes.

Interventions:
Cold-water immersion and control condition.

Main Outcome Measures:
Muscle soreness.

Results:
Forty-four studies were included. For immediate effects, CWI was superior to control regardless of water temperature and protocol, and for short and medium immersion times and endurance exercises. For delayed effects, CWI was superior to control in all subgroups except longer immersions time.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that CWI is better than control for the management of muscle soreness and water temperature and CWI protocol do not influence this result, but only short and medium immersions times presented positive effects. Aiming immediate effects, the best results suggest CWI application only after endurance exercises, while delayed effect CWI was superior both after endurance and resistance exercises.
Fatal Retroperitoneal Bleeding in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Voudouri Mariana , Chambers Meagan , Baker Michael L. , Kerr Darcy A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome. The most frequent clinical manifestations include multiple neurofibromas, café-au-lait spots, dystrophic scoliosis, benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and paragangliomas. Neurofibromatosis type 1 vasculopathy is a less well-recognized constellation of vascular pathologies that can cause significant medical complications in patients with NF1. A rare manifestation of this process is neurofibroma infiltration of vasculature with resultant bleeding. The case presented herein illustrates a rare example of a massive fatal hemorrhage due to disruption of a large paraspinal artery in the setting of a diffuse, infiltrative neurofibroma. This case highlights the potential of benign neurofibromas to infiltrate major blood vessels, leading to extensive bleeding and death.
Using Routine Chest Computed Tomography to Diagnose Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Chan Jason , Ho Bianca , Ye Kenny , Haramati Linda B. , Jain Vineet R. 
Published: November 2022

Objective
This study investigated the use of routine contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) to diagnose unsuspected pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods
All adult routine contrast-enhanced chest CTs performed at Montefiore in 2018 were included. Pulmonary artery enhancement was measured by placing regions of interest in the pulmonary vasculature. Adequate enhancement was defined as 200 Hounsfield units (HU) or greater. Presence or absence of PE was noted. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results
A total of 3164 CTs were evaluated (55.8% women; mean age, 63.2 years). Main pulmonary enhancement was highly correlated with peripheral enhancement. Of all cases, 28.7% (907 of 3164) reached the 200 HU threshold. Greater enhancement was associated with female sex, older age, outpatients, and contrast amount administered. Pulmonary embolism–positive cases comprised 1.8% (58 of 3164) of total cases. Furthermore, 39.7% (23 of 58) of PE-positive cases reached the 200 HU threshold.

Conclusions
Over one quarter of routine contrast-enhanced chest CT scans met the 200 HU threshold indicative of adequate pulmonary artery enhancement, including nearly half of the 2% of examinations positive for PE.
Blunt pancreatic trauma: A Western Trauma Association critical decisions algorithm
Authors: Moren Alexis M. , Biffl Walter L. , Ball Chad G. , de Moya Marc , Brasel Karen J. , Brown Carlos V.R. , Hartwell Jennifer L. , Inaba Kenji , Ley Eric J. , Moore Ernest E. , Peck Kimberly A. , Rizzo Anne G. , Rosen Nelson G. , Sperry Jason L. , Weinberg Jordan A. , Coimbra Raul , Shatz David V. , Martin Matthew J. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
The Western Trauma Association (WTA) has undertaken publication of best practice clinical practice guidelines on multiple trauma topics. These guidelines are based on scientific evidence, case reports, and best practices per expert opinion. Some of the topics covered by this consensus group do not have the ability to have randomized controlled studies completed because of complexity, ethical issues, financial considerations, or scarcity of experience and cases. Blunt pancreatic trauma falls under one of these clinically complex and rare scenarios. This algorithm is the result of an extensive literature review and input from the WTA membership and WTA Algorithm Committee members.

METHODS
Multiple evidence-based guideline reviews, case reports, and expert opinion were compiled and reviewed.

RESULTS
The algorithm is attached with detailed explanation of each step, supported by data if available.

CONCLUSION
Blunt pancreatic trauma is rare and presents many treatment challenges.
Hemodialysis Access Outcomes for Patients with Unstable Housing
Authors: Sung Eric , Levin Scott R , Kariveda Rohith , Farber Alik , King Elizabeth G , Cheng Thomas W , Siracuse Jeffrey J 
Published: November 2022

Background:
End stage renal disease has traditionally been noted to disproportionately affect patients with fewer resources. Our goal was to assess practice patterns and outcomes in patients with unstable housing undergoing permanent hemodialysis access creation.

Study design:
A retrospective, single center review of patients with unstable housing was conducted. Perioperative and long-term outcomes were assessed. Univariable and multivariable analysis as well as Kaplan Meier analysis were performed.

Results:
There were 144 patients (63% male) identified with a mean age of 57 years. There were 33% of patients that had no current permanent residence and 81% had at least 3 addresses the year prior to operation. Access type included brachiocephalic (48%), brachiobasilic (19%), radiocephalic fistulas (11%) and prosthetic grafts (19%). Thirty-day readmission was seen in 27.8% of patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 1-year and 4-year patient survival were 94.4% and 80.6%, respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that newly formed access (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.02-13.16, P=.05), absence of a permanent residence (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.15-7.44, P=.03), and female gender (OR 2.86, 95% CI, 1.18-7.14, P=.02) were associated with 90-day readmission. Multivariable analysis of mortality revealed that previous stroke (HR 7.15, 95% CI 1.93-26.5, P=.003), history of alcohol use disorder (HR 4.55, 95% CI 1.22-16.99, P=.024), and age (HR 1.10, 95% CI, 1.02-1.18, P=.017) were associated with four-year mortality; housing instability was not associated with decreased survival. Prior TDC (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.02-2.61, P=.04) was associated with four-year reintervention and frequent address change (HR .47, 95% CI .27-.81, P=.01) was found to be a protective factor against long-term reintervention.

Conclusion:
Poor outcomes in patients with unstable housing were primarily driven by comorbidities. Lack of permanent residence was significantly associated with readmission.
Regulatoryde novomutations underlying intellectual disability
Authors: De Vas Matias G , Boulet Fanny , Joshi Shweta S , Garstang Myles G , Khan Tahir N. , Atla Goutham , Parry David , Moore David , Cebola Inês , Zhang Shuchen , Cui Wei , Lampe Anne K , Lam Wayne W ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Ferrer Jorge , Pradeepa Madapura M , Atanur Santosh S 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe genetic aetiology of a major fraction of patients with intellectual disability (ID) remains unknown.De novomutations (DNMs) in protein-coding genes explain up to 40% of cases, but the potential role of regulatory DNMs is still poorly understood. We sequenced 63 whole genomes from 21 ID probands and their unaffected parents (trio). Additionally, we analysed 30 previously sequenced genomes from exome-negative ID probands. We found that regulatory DNMs were selectively enriched in fetal brain-specific and human-gained enhancers. DNM-containing enhancers were associated with genes that show preferential expression in the pre-frontal cortex, have been previously implicated in ID or related disorders, and exhibit intolerance to loss of function mutations. Moreover, we found that highly interacting regulatory regions from intermediate progenitor cells of the developing human cortex were strongly enriched for ID DNMs. Furthermore, we identified recurrently mutated enhancer clusters that regulate genes involved in nervous system development (CSMD1, OLFM1, andPOU3F3). The majority of the DNMs from ID probands showed allele-specific enhancer activity when tested using luciferase assay. Using CRISPR-mediated mutation and editing of epigenomic marks, we show that regulatory elements harbouring DNMs indeed function as enhancers and DNMs at regulatory elements affect the expression of putative target genes. Our results, therefore, provide new evidence to indicate that DNMs in fetal brain-specific enhancers play an essential role in the aetiology of ID.
Association between the Epigenetic Lifespan Predictor GrimAge and History of Suicide Attempt in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: de Carvalho Lima Camila N. , Kovács Emese H.C. , Mirza Salahudeen , Del Favero-Campbell Alexandra , Diaz Alexandre Paim , Quevedo Joao , Argue Benney M.R. , Richards Jenny Gringer , Williams Aislinn , Wemmie John A. , Magnotta Vincent A. , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Soares Jair C. , Gaine Marie E. , Fries Gabriel R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) has been previously associated with premature mortality and aging, including acceleration of epigenetic aging. Suicide attempts (SA) are greatly elevated in BD and are associated with decreased lifespan, biological aging, and poorer clinical outcomes. We investigated the relationship between GrimAge, an epigenetic clock trained on time-to-death and associated with mortality and lifespan, and SA in two independent cohorts of BD individuals (discovery cohort - controls (n=50), BD individuals with (n=77, BD/SA) and without (n=67, BD/non-SA) lifetime history of SA; replication cohort - BD/SA (n=48) and BD/non-SA (n=47)). An acceleration index for the GrimAge clock (GrimAgeAccel) was computed from blood DNA methylation (DNAm) and compared between groups with multiple general linear models. Differences in epigenetic aging from the discovery cohort were validated in the independent replication cohort. In the discovery cohort, controls, BD/non-SA, and BD/SA significantly differed on GrimAgeAccel (F=5.424,p=0.005), with the highest GrimAgeAccel in BD/SA (p=0.004, BD/SA vs. controls). Within the BD individuals, BD/non-SA and BD/SA differed on GrimAgeAccel in both cohorts (p=0.008) after covariate adjustment. Finally, DNAm-based surrogates revealed possible involvement of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, leptin, and smoking pack-years in driving accelerated epigenetic aging. These findings pair with existing evidence that not only BD, but also SA, may be associated with an accelerated biological aging and provide putative biological mechanisms for morbidity and premature mortality in this population.
Efficacy of the wild-type/Omicron BA.1 bivalent vaccine as the second booster dose against Omicron BA.2 and BA.5
Authors: Kawasuji Hitoshi , Morinaga Yoshitomo , Tani Hideki , Saga Yumiko , Yamada Hiroshi , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Takegoshi Yusuke , Kaneda Makito , Murai Yushi , Kimoto Kou , Ueno Akitoshi , Miyajima Yuki , Nagaoka Kentaro , Ono Chikako , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Niimi Hideki , Yamamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn addition to the original monovalent vaccines available for SARS-CoV-2, bivalent vaccines covering wild-type (WT) and Omicron BA.1 are also available. However, there is a lack of real-world data on the effectiveness of bivalent vaccines as second boosters on the dominant Omicron sublineages, including BA.2 and BA.5.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted at Toyama University Hospital, a tertiary medical center in Japan. Participants (n = 565) who received the first booster vaccination were followed up until 2 weeks after the second booster dose of the monovalent mRNA-1273 (WT group, n = 168) and bivalent BNT162b2 (WT+BA.1 group, n = 23) vaccines. Participants with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections were excluded from the study. Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody levels and neutralizing activity were measured. Vaccine-related symptoms were also assessed using a questionnaire after the second booster dose.ResultsThe anti-RBD antibody levels after the second booster dose in the WT and WT+BA.1 group were similar (median [inter quartile], 26262.0 [16951.0–38137.0] U/mL vs. 24840.0 [14828.0–41460.0] U/mL, respectively). Although the neutralization activity of the pooled sera of the WT+BA.1 group was the lowest against BA.5, the activities against BA.2 and BA.5 were higher than those of the WT group in both pseudotyped and live virus assays. Vaccine-related symptoms, including systemic and local symptoms, were strongly correlated with anti-RBD antibody levels and neutralizing titers with significant differences.ConclusionThe second booster dose of the bivalent (WT/Omicron BA.1) vaccine induced higher neutralizing activity against BA.2 and BA.5 than that of the original monovalent vaccine.
Organ Finder – a new AI-based organ segmentation tool for CT
Authors: Edenbrandt Lars , Enqvist Olof , Larsson Måns , Ulén Johannes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutomated organ segmentation in computed tomography (CT) is a vital component in many artificial intelligence-based tools in medical imaging. This study presents a new organ segmentation tool called Organ Finder 2.0. In contrast to most existing methods, Organ Finder was trained and evaluated on a rich multi-origin dataset with both contrast and non-contrast studies from different vendors and patient populations.ApproachA total of 1,171 CT studies from seven different publicly available CT databases were retrospectively included. Twenty CT studies were used as test set and the remaining 1,151 were used to train a convolutional neural network. Twenty-two different organs were studied. Professional annotators segmented a total of 5,826 organs and segmentation quality was assured manually for each of these organs.ResultsOrgan Finder showed high agreement with manual segmentations in the test set. The average Dice index over all organs was 0.93 and the same high performance was found for four different subgroups of the test set based on the presence or absence of intravenous and oral contrast.ConclusionsAn AI-based tool can be used to accurately segment organs in both contrast and non-contrast CT studies. The results indicate that a large training set and high-quality manual segmentations should be used to handle common variations in the appearance of clinical CT studies.
Selective prediction for extracting unstructured clinical data
Authors: Swaminathan Akshay , Lopez Ivan , Wang William , Srivastava Ujwal , Tran Edward , Bhargava-Shah Aarohi , Wu Janet Y , Ren Alexander , Caoili Kaitlin , Bui Brandon , Alkhani Layth , Lee Susan , Mohit Nathan , Seo Noel , Macedo Nicholas , Cheng Winson , Liu Charles , Thomas Reena , Chen Jonathan H. , Gevaert Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectronic health records represent a large data source for outcomes research, but the majority of EHR data is unstructured (e.g. free text of clinical notes) and not conducive to computational methods. While there are currently approaches to handle unstructured data, such as manual abstraction, structured proxy variables, and model-assisted abstraction, these methods are time-consuming, not scalable, and require clinical domain expertise. This paper aims to determine whether selective prediction, which gives a model the option to abstain from generating a prediction, can improve the accuracy and efficiency of unstructured clinical data abstraction. We trained selective prediction models to identify the presence of four distinct clinical variables in free-text pathology reports: primary cancer diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM, n = 659), resection of rectal adenocarcinoma (RRA, n = 601), and two procedures for resection of rectal adenocarcinoma: abdominoperineal resection (APR, n = 601) and low anterior resection (LAR, n = 601). Data were manually abstracted from pathology reports and used to train L1-regularized logistic regression models using term-frequency-inverse-document-frequency features. Data points that the model was unable to predict with high certainty were manually abstracted. All four selective prediction models achieved a test-set sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value above 0.91. The use of selective prediction led to sizable gains in automation (anywhere from 57% to 95% reduction in manual abstraction of charts across the four outcomes). For our GBM classifier, the selective prediction model saw improvements to sensitivity (0.94 to 0.96), specificity (0.79 to 0.96), PPV (0.89 to 0.98), and NPV (0.88 to 0.91) when compared to a non-selective classifier. Selective prediction using utility-based probability thresholds can facilitate unstructured data extraction by giving “easy” charts to a model and “hard” charts to human abstractors, thus increasing efficiency while maintaining or improving accuracy.