bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Metasomatic and Pegmatite Type of Mineralization in and near Rohil Uranium Deposit, Sikar District, Rajasthan, India: An Insight from Field Relations, Petrography and Mineral Chemistry
Authors: Saxena Anubhooti , Banerjee Atanu , Mitra Nabanita , Couto U.S. , Pandey U.K. , Bisht B.S , Sinha D.K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A new type of uranium mineralization, associated with late stage pegmatitic activity and quartzo-feldspathic injections has been identified in Rohil West that lies at about 500 m west of main Rohil uranium deposit. The injections have caused extensive deformation and silicifications of host quartz-muscovite-biotite schist. Uranium mineralization is represented by uranitite occurring in association with high temperature phases like allanite, monazite and zircon. Uranitite forms coarse to medium euhedral - subhedral grains showing intergrowth textures with minerals like quartz, feldspar and biotite of quartzo-feldspathic injections. Uraninites contained high ThO2 2.67-7.21wt% (av. 4.78%, n=30) and high Re2O3 (2.35-4.31 wt.%, n=30). Chemical age of uranitite is calculated as 675-834Ma. In view of intergrowth textures, high ThO2 content and association with quartzo-feldspathic injections uranium mineralization in Rohil West block is interpreted as Pegmatitic Type.
The recognition of granite-pegmatite related uranium mineralization in Rohil West has opened up another dimension for the exploration, in addition to the largely Metasomatite Type uranium mineralization at Rohil. The possible extensions of newer type of uranium mineralization in NDFB need to be interpreted from heliborne geophysical data for the search of satellite deposit to Rohil.
Six Decades of Uranium Exploration in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic Formations of Himalaya: Challenges, Understanding and Strategies
Authors: Pandey Pradeep , Kumar Pramod 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Himalayan geo-environment with a six-decade long history of Uranium exploration by Atomic Minerals Directorate (AMD) commenced way back in early 1960’s, has helped in identifying scores of uranium shows. Five major types of uranium mineralization viz., (i) Vein, (ii) Shear controlled hydrothermal, (iii) Disseminated, (iv) Syngenetic and (v) Sandstone hosted, have been identified, which for the ease of exploration, are further grouped as per their respective locales in the four Himalayan tectonic blocks. viz., (i) Sub or Outer Himalaya, (ii) The Lesser Himalaya (iii) Upper or Higher Himalaya and (iv) Para or Trans Himalaya. The vast spread of uranium metallogeny in the Himalaya from Precambrian to Tertiary is a very favorable factor for locating significant uranium deposits. Himalayan orogen is highly dynamic with continued tectonic evolution throughout its geological history. This poses several constraints on exploration strategies, both in terms of logistics and diversified geology. However, the tectonic evolution and regional correlation have been understood to a large extent, which have helped in identifying some common controls and potential locales for uranium metallogeny and hence may be taken as a guide for further detailed exploration.
ASPECT Score and Its Application to Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: a Case–Control Study
Authors: Bautista Melissa , Burger Rebecca , Anderson Ian A. , Mathew Ryan K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDelayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is a significant complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) and is strongly associated with poorer outcome. The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computer Tomography (ASPECT) score is an established scoring tool, used in acute ischaemic stroke, to quantify early ischaemic changes on CT head scans. We aim to identify if ASPECT scoring correlates with functional outcome in DCI following aSAH. Retrospective case–control study. Inclusion criteria: admission to the Department of Neurosurgery at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (a tertiary neurosurgical centre in the United Kingdom) between 2014 and 2018, with a diagnosis of anterior circulation aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage; as confirmed by initial CT scan and subsequent CT angiography or catheter digital subtraction angiography. Cases were those who developed DCI (n = 43) and controls were randomly selected from those who did not develop DCI (n = 46) but otherwise met the same inclusion criteria. The primary outcome measure was Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS): assessed at discharge and 3 months. ASPECT scores were calculated from non-contrast CT head scans by three researchers blinded to each other and clinical outcome. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to calculate correlation between ASPECT scores and GOS. ASPECT score positively correlated with GOS in the cases both at discharge (Spearman rho 0.436, p = 0.003) and at 3 months (Spearman rho 0.431, p = 0.004). When corrected for Fisher grading, the adjusted odds ratio of having a high GOS with a low ASPECT score at discharge was OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.61–0.94, p = 0.003), and 3 months OR 0.73 (95% CI 0.59–0.91, p = 0.005). ASPECT score significantly correlates with clinical outcome in DCI post aSAH, even after correcting for Fisher grade. ASPECT scoring may identify patients at risk of poor outcome following DCI and represents a quick and reliable tool that aids in clinical decision-making and prognostication.
Hypertension secondary to nitric oxide depletion produces oxidative imbalance and inflammatory/fibrotic outcomes in the cornea of C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Santana-Garrido Álvaro , Reyes-Goya Claudia , Arroyo-Barrios Ana , André Helder , Vázquez Carmen M. , Mate Alfonso 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AH) leads to oxidative and inflammatory imbalance that contribute to fibrosis development in many target organs. Here, we aimed to highlight the harmful effects of severe AH in the cornea. Our experimental model was established by administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) to C57BL/6 mice, which were monitored weekly for arterial blood pressure and intraocular pressure (IOP). Morphological studies of ocular tissues were accompanied by analyses of reactive oxygen species generation, and localization/expression of NAPDH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4) and inflammatory biomarkers (PPARα, PPARγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and COX-2). Masson’s trichrome and Sirius Red staining were used to explore the fibrotic status of the cornea. The expression of collagen isoforms (COL1α1, COL1α2, COL3α1, COL4α1, COL4α2) and relevant metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) were also quantified to evaluate the participation of collagen metabolism in AH-related corneal damage. Hypertensive animals showed an increase in IOP values, and a thinner cornea compared with normotensive controls. Moreover, AH increased NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species generation in the cornea, which was accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of NOX isoforms and inflammatory biomarkers, while reducing PPAR expression. L-NAME-treated animals also developed corneal fibrosis with overexpression of collagen isoforms and reduction of factors responsible for collagen degradation. This is the first study reporting structural changes in the cornea and elevated IOP in L-NAME-treated mice. Overexpression of the NADPH oxidase system and collagen deposition might play a substantial role in the pathogenic mechanisms contributing to ocular disturbances in a context of severe hypertension.
Assessment of metal pollution in surface water using pollution indices and multivariate statistics: a case study of Talcher coalfield area, India
Authors: Sahoo Bishnu Prasad , Sahu Himanshu Bhushan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetal pollution in aquatic environment of coal mines is of serious concern and requires to be dealt with to maintain sustainable mining practices. The spatio-temporal variation in metal pollution of surface water of Talcher coalfield area were determined by using multivariate statistical techniques and pollution indices. A total of 56 water samples were collected and analyzed for Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Se, As, Hg, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Al in pre-monsoon and monsoon season. Spatial distribution maps were prepared so that the quality of surface water could easily be recognized. High values of Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Degree of Contamination (Dc), and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) were observed for 3%, 6%, 0% samples in pre-monsoon and 1%, 6%, 3% samples in monsoon. Sewage Treatment Plants (STP), Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP), and Mine Discharge Treatment Plants (MDTP) were found to have low to moderate efficiency in treating metals. The HPI of streams and rivers were observed to be higher in pre-monsoon than that of the monsoon season possibly due to dilution effect caused by intense rain in monsoon. The HPI of downstream was noted to be higher than the upstream indicating pollution due to mine effluent discharge. The average concentrations of Cd, Se, As, Ni, and Al in pre-monsoon and Fe, Cd, Se, As, Ni, and Al in monsoon exceeded the permissible drinking water limits set by WHO (WHO, Guidelines for drinking-water quality, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011) and BIS (BIS (2012) Drinking water specifications 2nd revision. Bureau of Indian standards (IS 10500: 2012). New Delhi.ftp://law.resource.org/in/bis/S06/is.10500.2012.pdf). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant seasonal variation (p < 0.05) of Fe concentration between pre-monsoon and monsoon. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified major sources of metal pollution in water such as earth’s crust and the geological formation of the region, coal mining activities, industrial pollution, vehicular emission and coal burning. Cluster analysis (CA) identified 19 moderately polluted sites, 6 highly polluted sites, 3 very highly polluted sites and 1 severely polluted site in and around the Talcher coalfield area. This study is useful for formulating the metal pollution mitigation plan to enhance the water quality of Talcher coalfield area which affect the aquatic organism as well as the human health.
Investigation of the Cretaceous total petroleum system using wireline logs, core, and geochemical data in Bahrah Field, Northern Basin, Kuwait
Authors: Aladwani Najeeb S. , Alenezi Abdulmohsen , Diab Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe used wireline logs, seismic, core data, fluid analysis, and geochemical data to investigate the total petroleum system in the Cretaceous period. Also, we used thin sections and fluid analysis throughout the investigation. Python’s 1-D backstripping technique was used to determine the abrupt changes in subsidence rates and their effect on the reservoir’s quality. The results defined that the potential reservoirs include, from top to bottom, Mauddud, Upper Burgan, Lower Zubair, and Ratawi Limestone. The reservoir facies reflect different environments between the carbonate ramp (Mauddud, Ratawi Limestone, and Minagish reservoirs), delta plain (Zubair reservoir), and margin shelf (Burgan reservoir), and its quality is graded from Mauddud to Ratawi Limestone from top to bottom. The field lies up-dip under Kuwait Bay and represents the continuation of super-giant Greater Burgan Field. It filled with the spilled oil from the down-dip Raudhatain and Sabriyah fields through a structural saddle. Two major tectonic events subsided the deposited sediments by 0.25 mm/year, besides three minor events; however, these events did not affect all Cretaceous reservoirs but only according to their deposition times. Furthermore, according to burial history, thermal maturity, and reservoirs’ fluid geochemical analysis, the Sulaiy (Makhoul) and Minagish formations are likely the primary sources for all Cretaceous reservoirs.
Kingsnorth's modified score as predictor of complications in open inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Bravo-Salva Alejandro , Salvá Puigserver Margarita , Téllez-Marqués Clara , Pérez-Guitart Marc , González-Martín Alba , Sancho-Insenser J. J. , Pera-Roman M. , Pereira-Rodríguez José A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyse the postoperative complications (30 days) on unilateral primary inguinal hernia repair and prove their correlation with the preoperative modified scoring system of Kingsnorth (KN).

Methods
Prospective study design collecting data from patients who underwent surgery for unilateral primary inguinal hernia in a University Hospital. The data were collected in the National Inguinal Hernia Registry (EVEREG). A statistical analysis to assess the association between the presence of postoperative complications and the preoperative and intraoperative variables was performed. The patients were classified depending on their KN score. Surgical complications and their relationship with the classification were specifically analysed. Study design was performed following STROBE statements.

Results
The sample included 403 patients who met the inclusion criteria from which 62 (15.3%) subjects presented postoperative complications. The variables that presented a statistically significant relationship with the appearance of complications were a KN score of 5–8 (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.07–4.82; P = 0.03) and the involvement of a member of the abdominal wall surgery unit in the procedure (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.08–0.92; P = 0.03). The KN score correlated with a longer duration of surgery (Pearson's correlation 0.291; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The KN classification can predict the onset of surgical wound complications on patients who undergo a primary unilateral inguinal hernia surgery. A KN score of 5–8 has a higher probability of wound complications. When surgery is performed by the abdominal wall surgery unit, the chances of postoperative complications decrease.
Monotone methods in counterparty risk models with nonlinear Black–Scholes-type equations
Authors: Alziary Bénédicte , Takáč Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA nonlinear Black–Scholes-type equation is studied within counterparty risk models. The classical hypothesis on the uniform Lipschitz-continuity of the nonlinear reaction function allows for an equivalent transformation of the semilinear Black–Scholes equation into a standard parabolic problem with a monotone nonlinear reaction function and an inhomogeneous linear diffusion equation. This setting allows us to construct a scheme of monotone, increasing or decreasing, iterations that converge monotonically to the true solution. As typically any numerical solution of this problem uses most computational power for computing an approximate solution to the inhomogeneous linear diffusion equation, we discuss also this question and suggest several solution methods, including those based on Monte Carlo and finite differences/elements.
Changes in the size and electrophoretic mobility of HDL subpopulation particles in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gliwińska Anna , Ćwiklińska Agnieszka , Czaplińska Monika , Wieczorek-Breitzke Ewa , Kortas-Stempak Barbara , Kuchta Agnieszka , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja , Król Ewa , Jankowski Maciej 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous group of particles with anti-atherogenic properties whose metabolism is alterated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the particle size and mobility of HDL subpopulations in non-dialysis CKD patients.

Methods
The study involved 42 non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3a–4) and 18 control subjects. HDL was separated by non-denaturing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGGE) and eight HDL subpopulations; preβ1, preβ2a-c, and α1-4 were distinguished. The size and electrophoretic mobility of HDL subpopulation particles were compared between the groups, and a regression analysis was conducted.

Results
In CKD patients, the mean sizes of α-HDL and preβ2-HDL particles were significantly lower compared to the control group (8.42 ± 0.32 nm vs. 8.64 ± 0.26 nm, p = 0.014; 11.45 ± 0.51 vs. 12.34 ± 0.78 nm, p = 0.003, respectively). The electrophoretic mobility of preβ2-HDL relative to α-HDL was significantly higher in CKD patients compared to the control group (Rf 0.65 ± 0.06 vs. 0.53 ± 0.10, p = 0.002). The size and mobility of HDL subpopulations correlated with eGFR values (p < 0.01). These relationships remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, statin treatment, apolipoprotein AI, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.

Discussion
CKD affects the size and mobility of HDL particles, which can be related to HDL dysfunction. The magnitude of HDL size and mobility changes depended on CKD stage and differed for individual HDL subpopulations, which indicates that some stages of HDL metabolism may be more affected by the presence of chronic kidney disease.

Graphical abstract
Scaffolding Human Champions: AI as a More Competent Other
Authors: Sætra Henrik Skaug 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has surpassed humans in a number of specialised intellectual activities—chess and Go being two of many examples. Amongst the many potential consequences of such a development, I focus on how we can utilise cutting edge AI to promote human learning. The purpose of this article is to explore how a specialised AI can be utilised in a manner that promotes human growth by acting as a tutor to our champions. A framework for using AI as a tutor of human champions based on Vygotsky’s theory of human learning is here presented. It is based on a philosophical analysis of AI capabilities, key aspects of Vygotsky’s theory of human learning, and existing research on intelligent tutoring systems. The main method employed is the theoretical development of a generalised framework for AI powered expert learning systems, using chess and Go as examples. In addition to this, data from public interviews with top professionals in the games of chess and Go are used to examine the feasibility and realism of using AI in such a manner. Basing the analysis on Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory of development, I explain how AI operates in the zone of proximal development of our champions and how even non-educational AI systems can perform certain scaffolding functions. I then argue that AI combined with basic modules from intelligent tutoring systems could perform even more scaffolding functions, but that the most interesting constellation right now is scaffolding by a group consisting of AI in combination with human peers and instructors.
„Imperiologie“? Neues nach der New Imperial History
Authors: Osterhammel Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Öffentlichkeit durch das verwandte Thema des Kolonialismus überschattet, haben Imperien dennoch in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten ein zunehmendes Interesse gefunden, bei dem sich die Geschichtswissenschaft und die Sozialwissenschaften berühren. Der russische Angriff auf die Ukraine im Februar 2022 hat das Thema „Imperien“ und „Imperialismus“ erneut und unübersehbar auf die Tagesordnung gesetzt. Der Beitrag nimmt eine Vorstellung und Kritik der 2021 erschienenen „Oxford World History of Empire“ zum Anlass für eine breitere Skizzierung imperientheoretischer Grundpositionen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Geopolitik und Kulturgeschichte. Die ambitionierte Einleitung des Werkes wird mit einer Reihe ähnlicher programmatischer Texte aus den letzten Jahren verglichen. Die kritische Bilanz dieser Versuche, dem ausufernden Thema „Imperien“ gerecht zu werden, führt zu eher skeptischen Schlussfolgerungen. Ein Höhepunkt an intellektueller Raffinesse war in einigen Büchern erreicht worden, die um 2010 erschienen. Die „Oxford World History of Empire“ bleibt hinter diesem Niveau zurück.
Effectiveness and Biomechanical Analysis of the Ortho-Bridge System on Femoral Fracture Healing: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Qi Yubin , Yao Lin , Long Yuntao , Zuo Guilai , Zhang Qingjie , Liu Zhenlin , Wang Wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmong the surgical methods for femoral fractures, the Ortho-Bridge System (OBS) appears to heal fractures via an uncommon process. We compared its effectiveness and biomechanical aspects to those of a locking compression plate (LCP) and explained the healing process demonstrated by the OBS.MethodsEleven femoral shaft fracture cases treated with OBS between July 2017 and May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and radiographic data were collected during regular postoperative follow-up visits and assessed via the Harris Hip Score and Knee Society Score. We performed biomechanical experiments of OBS. We simulated different fracture conditions and selected appropriate screw holes at the fracture’s far and near segments. The OBS module was placed according to the position of LCP’s locking hole at both ends of the fracture; then, a static three-point bending test was performed.ResultsAll patients had contralateral callus growth with secondary fracture healing. Healing time was 3–5 months with excellent hip and knee function. When the key screw distance was 22–34 mm, the OBS was significantly less stiff than the LCP (P < 0.05). The stiffness of LCP and OBS decreased significantly when the key screw distance was 49–82 mm, with the LCP being slightly stronger (P < 0.05).ConclusionsFemoral shaft fracture treatment with OBS demonstrated secondary healing. When the distance between the key screws was 20–40 mm, the elasticity was higher in OBS than in LCP, possibly producing axial micro-motion to stimulate callus formation and promote fracture healing, which differ from the plate’s primary healing process.
Stepping on invisible land: on the importance of communicating the value of soils
Authors: Latawiec Agnieszka E. , Markowicz Magdalena E. , Medeiros Bruna , Mendes Maiara S. , Rodrigues Aline F. , Gomes Fernanda , Valle Breno D. , Lisowska Katarzyna , Drosik Adam , Capeche Claudio , Maioli Veronica , Fedorowicz Karolina , Azevedo Luciana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoils play fundamental roles in the functioning of the Earth's ecosystems. Despite numerous initiatives to protect soils, it continues to be generally perceived as dirt or, at best, the surface we walk on. To better understand soil perception by the public, we conducted a survey with 99 participants from Poland and Brazil. We applied opportunity sampling and conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 respondents from Poland and 30 from Brazil, and 29 unstructured interviews in Brazil. Most of the respondents (53%) of the semi-structured interviews associated soil with the surface where plants grow, while 27% said that it is the ground we step on. When asked about pro-environmental campaigns, none of the respondents pointed to soil-related initiatives. Most of the respondents (99%) claimed that there is a need to increase their knowledge about the importance of soils, mostly through education (30%). The majority of the respondents of the unstructured interviews in Brazil indicated provision services provided by soils and pointed to the need for youth engagement in soil communication, corroborating the results from the semi-structured interviews. To address this, we present the results on artistic workshops as an experimental model for teaching and dissemination. We present two short documentary movies reporting the results from unstructured interviews and artistic workshops that can be used as data gathering tools, teaching tools and for dissemination purposes. This is a novel approach to communicating with the relevant stakeholders to promote more sustainable resource management.