bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal pentraxin 2 is required for facilitating excitatory synaptic inputs onto spinal neurons involved in pruriceptive transmission in a model of chronic itch
Authors: Kanehisa Kensho , Koga Keisuke , Maejima Sho , Shiraishi Yuto , Asai Konatsu , Shiratori-Hayashi Miho , Xiao Mei-Fang , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Worley Paul F. , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn excitatory neuron subset in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) that expresses gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) is critical for pruriceptive transmission. Here, we show that glutamatergic excitatory inputs onto GRPR+ neurons are facilitated in mouse models of chronic itch. In these models, neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), an activity-dependent immediate early gene product, is upregulated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Electron microscopy reveals that NPTX2 is present at presynaptic terminals connected onto postsynaptic GRPR+ neurons. NPTX2-knockout prevents the facilitation of synaptic inputs to GRPR+ neurons, and repetitive scratching behavior. DRG-specific NPTX2 expression rescues the impaired behavioral phenotype in NPTX2-knockout mice. Moreover, ectopic expression of a dominant-negative form of NPTX2 in DRG neurons reduces chronic itch-like behavior in mice. Our findings indicate that the upregulation of NPTX2 expression in DRG neurons contributes to the facilitation of glutamatergic inputs onto GRPR+ neurons under chronic itch-like conditions, providing a potential therapeutic target.
Cascade reaction networks within audible sound induced transient domains in a solution
Authors: Dhasaiyan Prabhu , Ghosh Tanwistha , Lee Hong-Guen , Lee Yeonsang , Hwang Ilha , Mukhopadhyay Rahul Dev , Park Kyeng Min , Shin Seungwon , Kang In Seok , Kim Kimoon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal control of chemical cascade reactions within compartmentalized domains is one of the difficult challenges to achieve. To implement such control, scientists have been working on the development of various artificial compartmentalized systems such as liposomes, vesicles, polymersomes, etc. Although a considerable amount of progress has been made in this direction, one still needs to develop alternative strategies for controlling cascade reaction networks within spatiotemporally controlled domains in a solution, which remains a non-trivial issue. Herein, we present the utilization of audible sound induced liquid vibrations for the generation of transient domains in an aqueous medium, which can be used for the control of cascade chemical reactions in a spatiotemporal fashion. This approach gives us access to highly reproducible spatiotemporal chemical gradients and patterns, in situ growth and aggregation of gold nanoparticles at predetermined locations or domains formed in a solution. Our strategy also gives us access to nanoparticle patterned hydrogels and their applications for region specific cell growth.
Sleuthing out exotic quantum spin liquidity in the pyrochlore magnet Ce2Zr2O7
Authors: Bhardwaj Anish , Zhang Shu , Yan Han , Moessner Roderich , Nevidomskyy Andriy H. , Changlani Hitesh J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe search for quantum spin liquids—topological magnets with fractionalized excitations—has been a central theme in condensed matter and materials physics. Despite numerous theoretical proposals, connecting experiment with detailed theory exhibiting a robust quantum spin liquid has remained a central challenge. Here, focusing on the strongly spin-orbit coupled effective S = 1/2 pyrochlore magnet Ce2Zr2O7, we analyze recent thermodynamic and neutron-scattering experiments, to identify a microscopic effective Hamiltonian through a combination of finite temperature Lanczos, Monte Carlo, and analytical spin dynamics calculations. Its parameter values suggest the existence of an exotic phase, a π-flux U(1) quantum spin liquid. Intriguingly, the octupolar nature of the moments makes them less prone to be affected by magnetic disorder, while also hiding some otherwise characteristic signatures from neutrons, making this spin liquid arguably more stable than its more conventional counterparts.
Methods for testing solubility of hydraulic calcium silicate cements for root-end filling
Authors: Camilleri J. , Wang C. , Kandhari S. , Heran J. , Shelton R. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegulatory testing of hydraulic cements used in dentistry and standard test methods for root-end filling materials do not exist. The aim of this study was to identify a simple, reproducible method for testing the solubility of materials that set with water (hydraulic) used as root-end filling materials in dentistry. Commercial and prototype hydraulic cements were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses and their solubilities were determined using ISO 6876; 2012 standard, a modified ISO 6876 method with media alternative to water and a new method measuring the percentage mass loss and volume change of materials (micro-CT method) from a single surface exposed to three solutions. The solubility testing was performed by three operators to enable an intra-laboratory comparison. The solubility data obtained from the two commercial and two prototype materials varied depending on the method used, with the ISO 6876 method identifying differences in solubility of the materials (p < 0.05) but when modified with alternative solutions, no differences were found (p > 0.05). The changes in solution thus effected the solubility of the tested materials. Inter-operator differences were observed with the weight changes determined from the new method indicating this method was not robust. The weight and volume assessments using the new method were not solution-dependent. The advantage of the proposed method compared with the ISO standard is its simplicity, enabling a number of tests to be performed on the same set of samples that also more closely mimics the clinical environment.
Structure-dependent recruitment and diffusion of guest proteins in liquid droplets of FUS
Authors: Kamagata Kiyoto , Iwaki Nanako , Kanbayashi Saori , Banerjee Trishit , Chiba Rika , Gaudon Virginie , Castaing Bertrand , Sakomoto Seiji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiquid droplets of a host protein, formed by liquid–liquid phase separation, recruit guest proteins and provide functional fields. Recruitment into p53 droplets is similar between disordered and folded guest proteins, whereas the diffusion of guest proteins inside droplets depends on their structural types. In this study, to elucidate how the recruitment and diffusion properties of guest proteins are affected by a host protein, we characterized the properties of guest proteins in fused in sarcoma (FUS) droplets using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy in comparison with p53 droplets. Unlike p53 droplets, disordered guest proteins were recruited into FUS droplets more efficiently than folded guest proteins, suggesting physical exclusion of the folded proteins from the small voids of the droplet. The recruitment did not appear to depend on the physical parameters (electrostatic or cation–π) of guests, implying that molecular size exclusion limits intermolecular interaction-assisted uptake. The diffusion of disordered guest proteins was comparable to that of the host FUS, whereas that of folded proteins varied widely, similar to the results for host p53. The scaling exponent of diffusion highlights the molecular sieving of large folded proteins in droplets. Finally, we proposed a molecular recruitment and diffusion model for guest proteins in FUS droplets.
Performance analysis of linear permanent magnet Vernier machine using mixed subdomain and magnetic equivalent circuit techniques including end‐effect
Authors: Amini Sohrab , Faiz Jawad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPerformance analysis of a linear permanent magnet Vernier machine (LPMVM), which has a complex structure, is mostly based on the finite element methods, while for its optimisation or sensitivity analysis a quick mathematical technique is desirable. This paper introduces an LPMVM and its principles of operation. Then, a mixed subdomain and magnetic equivalent circuit are applied to extract magnetic field equations in various parts of the machine, in which the end‐effect in included. Besides, the electromotive force, thrust force, normal force and electric equivalent circuit are determined. An LPMVM was prototyped and tested to verify the accuracy of the proposed method.
Improving the polarisation and depolarisation current measuring method to avoid ground wire interference
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhou Kai , Akram Shakeel , Nazir Muhammad Tariq 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ground wire is significantly interfered by the current above 1 μA in the industrial field during the traditional polarisation and depolarisation current (PDC) measurement. This paper explains a method to test PDC from high‐voltage wire using a principle of equipotential picoammeter, which is completely isolated from the ground wire and connected in series with the high voltage wire. In this method, a device is designed with a multi‐range automatic switching function. The device can automatically switch the test range current from 1 pA to 10 mA with a resolution of 1 pA. To demonstrate the device and effectiveness of this new method, the traditional and the proposed new device are used to test the PDC of cable samples in the laboratory as well as in an industrial environment. It is worth noting that there is almost no interference on the Earth wire in the laboratory environment but massive interference in the industrial environment using a traditional method of PDC measurement from ground or Earth wire. The new method of high‐voltage testing can efficiently eliminate the interference and accurately measure PDC in a strong industrial interference environment. Furthermore, the wiring of this new method and device is relatively simple, which is convenient for industrial applications.
Learning interactive multi‐object segmentation through appearance embedding and spatial attention
Authors: Gui Yan , Zhou Bingqiang , Zhang Jianming , Sun Cheng , Xiang Lingyun , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeep learning approaches to interactive image segmentation are typically formulated as a binary labeling problem. A model trained to make predictions within a fixed set of labels (i.e., foreground and background labels) cannot be used to directly predict the binary masks of multiple objects of interest, which greatly limits its flexibility and adaptivity. The use of different classes of clicks as input is opted for and the first end‐to‐end learning model for multi‐object segmentation, based on a new designed neural network, is developed. The network consists of a visual feature extractor, a recurrent attention module and a dynamic segmentation head, extracts user click‐adapted appearance embedding features and spatial attention features, and then learns to transform this information into a segmentation of multiple objects. It is also proposed to train the network using a joint loss function, taking the embedding learning into account for segmentation. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on three benchmark datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It performs favorably against state‐of‐the‐art approaches on the multiple object segmentation task, for example, with 0.15 s per image, 0.06 s per object and mean IoU & F1 score of 84.90% on Pascal VOC 2012 validation set. It is further shown that the method can be used in numerous vision applications such as image recoloring and colorization.
The BINGO Project
Authors: Abdalla Filipe B. , Marins Alessandro , Motta Pablo , Abdalla Elcio , Ribeiro Rafael M. , Wuensche Carlos A. , Delabrouille Jacques , Fornazier Karin S. F. , Liccardo Vincenzo , Maffei Bruno , de Mericia Eduardo J. , Otobone Carlos H. N. , dos Santos Juliana F. R. , Silva Gustavo B. , Vieira Jordany , Barretos João A. M. , Barosi Luciano , Brito Francisco A. , Queiroz Amilcar R. , Villela Thyrso , Wang Bin , Costa Andre A. , Ferreira Elisa G. M. , Landim Ricardo G. , Novaes Camila Paiva , Peel Michael W. , Santos Larissa , dos Santos Marcelo V. , Zhang Jiajun 
Published: May 2022

Context.The Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO) telescope was designed to measure the fluctuations of the 21 cm radiation arising from the hyperfine transition of neutral hydrogen. It is also aimed at measuring the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) from such fluctuations, thereby serving as a pathfinder to future, deeper intensity mapping surveys. The requirements for the Phase 1 of the projects consider a large reflector system (two 40 m-class dishes in a crossed-Dragone configuration) illuminating a focal plane with 28 horns to measure the sky, with two circular polarizations in a drift scan mode to produce measurements of the radiation in intensity (I) as well as the circular (V) polarization.Aims.In this paper, we present the optical design for the instrument. We describe the optical arrangement of the horns in the focal plane to produce a homogeneous and well-sampled map after the end of Phase 1, as well as the intensity and polarization properties of the beams. Our analysis provides an optimal model for the location of the horns in the focal plane, producing a homogeneous and Nyquist-sampled map after the nominal survey time.Methods.We used the GRASP package to model the focal plane arrangement and performed several optimization tasks to arrive at the current configuration, including an estimation of the sidelobes corresponding to the diffraction patterns of the two mirrors. The final model for the focal plane was defined through a combination of neural network and other direct optimization methods.Results.We arrived at an optimal configuration for the optical system that includes the focal plane positioning and the beam behavior of the instrument. We present an estimate of the expected sidelobes both for intensity and polarization, as well as the effect of band averaging on the final sidelobes, as well as an estimation of the cross-polarization leakage for the final configuration.Conclusions.We conclude that the chosen optical design meets the requirements for the project in terms of polarization purity and area coverage as well as a homogeneity of coverage so that BINGO can perform a successful BAO experiment. We further conclude that the requirements on the placement and rms error on the mirrors are also achievable so that a successful experiment can be conducted.
Cytotoxic Polyprenylated Benzoylphloroglucinol Derivatives from the Branches of Garcinia schomburgkiana
Authors: Kaennakam Sutin , Sukandar Edwin Risky , Rassamee Kitiya , Siripong Pongpun ,   Santi Tip-pyang
Published: May 2022

AbstractFive undescribed polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives (1 – 5), named garschomcinols A – E, and five known analogues (6 – 10) were isolated from the
branches of Garcinia schomburgkiana. Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. The absolute configuration of the bicyclo [3.3.1]nonane core
structure of the polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinols was assigned by comparison of its experimental electronic circular dichroism data with that of related compounds. All isolated
compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity in vitro against five cancer cell lines. Compound 6 showed potent cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines including KB, HeLa
S3, HT-29, MCF-7, and Hep G2 with IC50 values in the range of 5.05 – 7.03 µM.
Assessment of Oral Health and Healthy Habits in Adult Patients with Congenital Hemophilia
Authors: Czajkowska Sylwia , Rupa-Matysek Joanna , Gil Lidia , Surdacka Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives The objective of our study was to assess the current knowledge, the oral health status, and the pro-health needs of patients with hemophilia.
Materials and Methods The study included 77 patients with known hemophilia. The study included the assessment of dental indicators related to caries incidence (decayed, missing, and filled teeth [DMFT] and decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth or surfaces [DMFS]), caries treatment (treatment index), oral hygiene status (Approximal Plaque Index [API] and simplified oral hygiene index [OHI-S]), and periodontal status (bleeding on probing [BoP]). A questionnaire addressed symptoms of hemorrhagic diathesis and health-promoting habits. The influence of routine management (“on-demand” vs. prophylactic therapy), type of hemophilia (A, B), and severity of clotting factor deficiency (mild, moderate, or severe) on oral health was assessed.
Statistical Analysis The tests used in the study were Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn's tests. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results Patients with hemophilia showed a higher prevalence of caries compared with patients without hemorrhagic diathesis (DMFT 14 and 9, and DMFS 30 and 15, respectively), and they also presented a higher bleeding index value during probing and worse effectiveness of hygienic interdental procedures. The type of therapy and secondary prophylaxis used and the type and severity of hemophilia did not affect the oral health status.
Conclusions Patients with hemophilia have an increased risk of developing dental caries. Undertaking educational activities related to the prevention of oral diseases is necessary to improve oral health.
Disentangling the Relationship Between Social Protection and Social Cohesion: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Burchi Francesco , Loewe Markus , Malerba Daniele , Leininger Julia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile there is substantial evidence of the effect of social protection on poverty and vulnerability, limited research has focused on societal outcomes. This paper serves as introduction to a special issue (SI) examining the relationship between social protection and social cohesion in low- and middle-income countries. Over the last years, social cohesion has emerged as a central goal of development policy. The introduction and the papers in the SI use a common definition of social cohesion as a multi-faceted phenomenon, comprising three attributes: cooperation, trust and inclusive identity. This introductory article provides a conceptual framework linking social protection to social cohesion, shows the current empirical evidence for the bi-directional linkages, and highlights how the papers in the SI contribute to filling existing research gaps. In addition to this introduction, the SI encompasses seven papers, covering different world regions and social protection schemes, and using different quantitative and qualitative methods.
Supplementation of reduced protein diets with
Authors: Dao Hiep Thi , Sharma Nishchal K. , Barekatain Reza , Kheravii Sarbast K. , Bradbury Emma J. , Wu Shu-Biao , Swick Robert A. 
Published: May 2022

Context Necrotic enteritis (NE) has been considered a major threat to broiler gut health and growth performance. Aims This study aimed at investigating the effects of l-arginine (Arg) or l-citrulline (Cit) supplementation on intestinal morphology, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), microbiota count, gut permeability, and pH in broilers fed reduced-protein diets during subclinical NE challenge. Methods Ross 308 cockerels (n = 720) were randomly assigned to six experimental treatments with eight replicates of 15 birds per pen. The treatments were standard protein without NE challenge (SP−), or with NE challenge (SP+); reduced protein (two percentage points lower crude protein) without NE challenge (RP−), or with NE challenge (RP+); RP+ plus added Arg (103% of Ross 308 requirement, RPA+) and RPC+ where supplemental Arg in RPA+ was replaced with Cit. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was employed for the first four treatments. Factors were NE (− or +) and protein concentration (SP or RP). Treatments SP+, RP+, RPA+, and RPC+ were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Key results Necrotic enteritis × protein interactions were detected for serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) level, C. perfringens (P < 0.05) count in the caeca (P < 0.01), and acetic acid (P < 0.01) and total SCFA concentrations in the ileum on Day 16 (P < 0.001). Feeding the RP diet reduced serum FITC-d concentration, number of C. perfringens in the caeca, and increased acetic acid and total SCFA concentrations in the ileum compared with the SP group only in birds challenged with NE. Birds in the RPC+ treatment had greater jejunal villus height (P < 0.001), and lower caecal C. perfringens and Enterobacteriaceae count than did those in the SP+ treatment (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions The results indicated a benefit to gut health of broilers during NE challenge when replacing crystalline Arg with Cit in RP diets. Implications In part, replacement of Arg by Cit in the RP diets is of great potential to increase gut health, reduce growth loss, thus, minimising negative effects of NE in broilers.
Bayesian modelling reveals differences in long-term trends in the harvest of native and introduced species by recreational hunters in Australia
Authors: Moloney Paul D. , Gormley Andrew M. , Toop Simon D. , Flesch Jason S. , Forsyth David M. , Ramsey David S. L. , Hampton Jordan O. 
Published: May 2022

Context Little is known about wildlife harvesting by licensed recreational hunters in Australia, where both native and introduced species are hunted. It is important to understand harvest trends to assess sustainability for native species and implications for population control of introduced species. Aim The aim of this study was to analyse trends in hunter participation, activity and efficiency, and wildlife harvest, including effects of climate, in Victoria, Australia, for three game species groups: introduced deer, native waterfowl (ducks) and one native grassland species, stubble quail (Coturnix pectoralis). Methods Telephone surveys of a random sample of licenced Victorian hunters were performed annually from 2009 to 2019. Hunters were asked to quantify their hunting effort and the number of animals harvested. The respondents’ answers were analysed to estimate measures of hunter success, activity and efficiency. Bayesian modelling was applied to these data, accounting for changes over time, differences between survey periods for all licence types, and random effects for over-dispersion. The effect of climate on game bird hunter activity and harvest was estimated, as measured by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Results Over 11 years, annual deer harvest (all species) increased exponentially, at a mean annual rate of 17% (95% credible interval: 14–21%), and the number of deer hunters increased at 8% (5–11%). In contrast, for ducks and stubble quail, hunter numbers remained relatively unchanged, with no evidence of consistent change to total harvests over time, unrelated to changes in environmental conditions or regulations. The annual duck harvest was influenced by ENSO and hunting regulations. The annual stubble quail harvest exhibited ‘boom-and-bust’ dynamics, with an exceptionally large harvest immediately after a La Niña season. Conclusions Long-term monitoring of harvest trends in south-eastern Australia revealed stark differences between introduced deer and native birds: harvest of deer increased rapidly whereas equivalent rates for game birds were either stable or declining. Seasonal effects had a strong influence on game bird harvest. Environmental and regulatory conditions were influential for harvest outcomes for ducks and stubble quail. Implications This study filled a key knowledge gap around managing harvesting of game species, but increased scrutiny is warranted in this field.