bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enablers and barriers towards ensuring routine immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a qualitative study across five different states in India
Authors: Patel Kripalini , Nayak Bhagyashree , Rana Salaj , Krishnan Parthiban , Tandale Babasaheb Vishwanath , Basak Surajit , Sinha Abhik , Kumar Muthusamy Santhosh , Borah Prasant , Singh Harpreet , Gupta Nivedita , Dutta Shanta , Mohan Aswini , Das Manuj K , Landge Yovhan , Ganguly Bappaditya , Devi Utpala , Pati Sanghamitra , Palo Subrata Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to disruption in delivering routine healthcare services including routine immunization (RI) worldwide. Understanding the enablers and barriers for RI services during a pandemic is critically important to develop context-appropriate strategies to ensure uninterrupted routine services.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in five different states of India, nested within an ongoing multicentric study on RI. Telephone in-depth interviews among 56 health workers were carried out and the data were analyzed using a content analysis method.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers encountered many challenges at the health system, community and individual level when rendering RI services. Challenges like the limited availability of personal protective equipment and vaccines, deployment for COVID-19 duty at system level, the difficulty in mobilizing people in the community, fear among people at community level, mobility restrictions and limited family support, as well as the stress and stigma at individual level, were barriers to providing RI services. By contrast, the issuing of identification cards to health staff, engaging community volunteers, the support given to health workers by their families and training on COVID-19, were factors that enabled health workers to maintain RI services during the pandemic.ConclusionsWhen addressing the COVID-19–related public health emergency, we should not lose sight of the importance of services like RI.
Comparison of Ticagrelor With Clopidogrel in East Asian Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Ma Ying , Zhong Peng-Yu , Shang Yao-Sheng , Bai Nan , Niu Ying , Wang Zhi-Lu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The risk of bleeding is high in East Asians, whether East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome choose ticagrelor or clopidogrel is still controversial. In this study, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library database, and other sources were systematically searched. The primary efficacy outcome was all-cause death, the primary safety outcomes were any bleeding, PLATO major bleeding, and fatal bleeding. The secondary outcomes included vascular-cause death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, and dyspnea. A total of 8 randomized controlled trials with 3597 patients met inclusion criteria. Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor had significantly higher incidence of any bleeding [risk ratio (RR), 1.63; 1.33–1.99; P < 0.00001], PLATO major bleeding (RR 1.56; 1.15–2.12; P = 0.004), and dyspnea (RR 2.60; 1.68–4.00; P < 0.00001). However, ticagrelor was associated with a significantly reduced risk of stent thrombosis (RR 0.42; 0.19–0.92; P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the risk of all-cause death (RR 0.87; 0.64–1.24; P = 0.44), fatal bleeding (RR 2.49; 0.79–7.86; P = 0.12), vascular-cause death (RR 0.88; 1.60–0.30; P = 0.52), myocardial infarction (RR 0.89; 0.65–1.23; P = 0.49), and stroke (RR 0.84; 0.47–1.50; P = 0.56) between the 2 groups. The present findings demonstrated that ticagrelor was associated with a higher risk of any bleeding, PLATO major bleeding, and dyspnea compared with clopidogrel in East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, it significantly reduced the risk of stent thrombosis. (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD42021255215).
Epstein-Barr Virus in Childhood and Adolescent Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in a French Cohort of 301 Patients
Authors: Pereira Victor , Boudjemaa Sabah , Besson Caroline , Leblanc Thierry , Rigaud Charlotte , Leruste Amaury , Garnier Nathalie , Lambilliotte Anne , Simonin Matthieu , Curtillet Catherine , Bonneau-Lagacherie Jacinthe , Coulomb Aurore , Landman-Parker Judith 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The aim was to analyze the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the bioclinical characteristics of patients treated for classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in France.

Methods:
Biopathologic data of 301 patients treated for a cHL in/or according to the EuroNet PHL-C1 trial between November 2008 and February 2013 were centrally reviewed.

Results:
Median age at diagnosis was 14 (3 to 18) years and the F/M ratio 0.86, 0.47 before 10 years and 0.9 from 11 to 18. CHL subtypes were nodular sclerosis for 266/301 (88%) patients, mixed cellularity for 22/301 (7%), lymphocyte rich for 2/301 (1%), and 11/301 were unclassified. EBV positivity by in situ hybridization was observed for 68/301 (23%) patients, significantly associated with mixed cellularity subtype and male sex, particularly overrepresented in boys below 10 years: 15/23 (65%) versus 28/139 among other male patients (20%). EBV viral load was detectable in 22 of 108 (22%) tested cases and was overrepresented in EBV cHL (13/28) versus non-EBV cHL (9/80) patients. Detailed semiquantitative histologic analysis showed a high number of B-cell residual follicles in EBV cHL relative to EBV-negative HL.

Conclusion:
Distribution of EBV cHL in children and adolescents is associated with young age and male sex, suggesting a specific physiopathology and may require a differential therapeutic approach.
Disengagement From HIV Care and Failure of Second-Line Therapy in Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2005–2017
Authors: El Bouzidi Kate , Murtala-Ibrahim Fati , Kwaghe Vivian , Datir Rawlings P. , Ogbanufe Obinna , Crowell Trevor A. , Charurat Man , Dakum Patrick , Gupta Ravindra K. , Ndembi Nicaise , Sabin Caroline A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Understanding the correlates of disengagement from HIV care and treatment failure during second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) could inform interventions to improve clinical outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of PLHIV aged >15 years who started second-line ART at a tertiary center in Nigeria between 2005 and 2017. Participants were considered to have disengaged from care if they had not returned within a year after each clinic visit. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate factors associated with: (1) viral failure (HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/mL), (2) immunologic failure (CD4 count decrease or <100 cells/mm3), and (3) severe weight loss (>10% of bodyweight), after >6 months of second-line ART.

Results:
Among 1031 participants, 33% (341) disengaged from care during a median follow-up of 6.9 years (interquartile range 3.7–8.5). Of these, 26% (89/341) subsequently reentered care. Disengagement was associated with male gender, age <30 years, lower education level, and low CD4 count at second-line ART initiation. Among participants with endpoint assessments available, 20% (112/565) experienced viral failure, 32% (257/809) experienced immunologic failure, and 23% (190/831) experienced weight loss. A lower risk of viral failure was associated with professional occupations compared with elementary: adjusted hazard ratio 0.17 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.70).

Conclusion:
Adverse outcomes were common during second-line ART. However, reengagement is possible and resources should be allocated to focus on retaining PLHIV in care and providing services to trace and reengage those who have disengaged from care.
Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Initiation, Adherence, and Persistence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Wheatley Margo M. , Knowlton Gregory , Kao Szu-Yu , Jenness Samuel M. , Enns Eva A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
To help achieve Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) goals of reducing new HIV incidence, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and engagement must increase despite multidimensional barriers to scale-up and limitations in funding. We investigated the cost-effectiveness of interventions spanning the PrEP continuum of care.

Setting:
Men who have sex with men in Atlanta, GA, a focal jurisdiction for the EHE plan.

Methods:
Using a network-based HIV transmission model, we simulated lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and infections averted for 8 intervention strategies using a health sector perspective. Strategies included a status quo (no interventions), 3 distinct interventions (targeting PrEP initiation, adherence, or persistence), and all possible intervention combinations. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated incrementally using a $100,000/QALY gained threshold. We performed sensitivity analyses on PrEP costs, intervention costs, and intervention coverage.

Results:
Strategies averted 0.2%–4.2% new infections and gained 0.0045%–0.24% QALYs compared with the status quo. Initiation strategies achieved 20%–23% PrEP coverage (up from 15% with no interventions) and moderate clinical benefits at a high cost, while adherence strategies were relatively low cost and low benefit. Under our assumptions, the adherence and initiation combination strategy was cost-effective ($86,927/QALY gained). Sensitivity analyses showed no strategies were cost-effective when intervention costs increased by 60% and the strategy combining all 3 interventions was cost-effective when PrEP costs decreased to $1000/month.

Conclusion:
PrEP initiation interventions achieved moderate public health gains and could be cost-effective. However, substantial financial resources would be needed to improve the PrEP care continuum toward meeting EHE goals.
Higher Cerebrospinal Fluid Soluble Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator Receptor, But Not Interferon γ-inducible Protein 10, Correlate With Higher Working Memory Deficits
Authors: De Almeida Sergio M. , Rotta Indianara , Tang Bin , Umlauf Anya , Vaida Florin , Cherner Mariana , Franklin Donald , Letendre Scott , Ellis Ronald J. ,   the HNRC Group
Published: January 2022

Background:
We hypothesized that the induction of monocyte activation biomarkers, especially soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and interferon γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), is lower in HIV-1C than HIV-1B, owing to a defective Tat cysteine dimotif (C30S).

Methods:
A total of 68 paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from people with HIV (PWH), free of CNS opportunistic infections, from a Southern Brazil outpatient HIV clinic were evaluated such as HIV-1B subtype (n = 27), HIV-1C (n = 26), other (n = 15), and 19 HIV-negative controls. The levels of suPAR, IP-10, neopterin, and β2 microglobulin (β2m) in the CSF and serum were quantified using different immunoassays.

Results:
Overall, in PWH, increases in CSF suPAR, CSF/serum suPAR, and CSF/serum β2m correlated with worse working memory deficits (r = 0.303, 0.353, and 0.289, respectively, all P < 0.05). The medians of IP-10, suPAR, neopterin, and β2m in CSF and serum and the CSF/serum ratio and suPAR index were comparable between the HIV-1B and HIV-1C subtypes. CSF IP-10 and neopterin and serum IP-10 and suPAR levels were higher in PWH than the HIV-negative controls (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The serum β2m level was higher in HIV-associated dementia than neuropsychologically normal or asymptomatic (P = 0.024).

Discussion:
We observed that higher levels of CSF suPAR and the suPAR quotient correlated with worse working memory deficit. Elevated levels of monocyte activation were similar in both HIV-1 B and C subtypes, providing no evidence of reduced neuropathogenicity of HIV-1 subtype C Tat compared with subtype B.
An International Multicenter Study Exploring Whether Surveillance After Esophageal Cancer Surgery Impacts Oncological and Quality of Life Outcomes (ENSURE)
Authors: Elliott Jessie A. , Markar Sheraz R. , Klevebro Fredrik , Johar Asif , Goense Lucas , Lagergren Pernilla , Zaninotto Giovanni , van Hillegersberg Richard , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Nilsson Magnus , Hanna George B. , Reynolds John V. ,   ENSURE Study Group
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To determine the impact of surveillance on recurrence pattern, treatment, survival and health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) following curative-intent resection for esophageal cancer.

Summary Background Data:
Although therapies for recurrent esophageal cancer may impact survival and HRQL, surveillance protocols after primary curative treatment are varied and inconsistent, reflecting a lack of evidence.

Methods:
European iNvestigation of SUrveillance after Resection for Esophageal cancer was an international multicenter study of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers (2009–2015) across 20 centers (NCT03461341). Intensive surveillance (IS) was defined as annual computed tomography for 3 years postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS), secondary outcomes included treatment, disease-specific survival, recurrence pattern, and HRQL. Multivariable linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed.

Results:
Four thousand six hundred eighty-two patients were studied (72.6% adenocarcinoma, 69.1% neoadjuvant therapy, 45.5% IS). At median followup 60 months, 47.5% developed recurrence, oligometastatic in 39%. IS was associated with reduced symptomatic recurrence (OR 0.17 [0.12–0.25]) and increased tumor-directed therapy (OR 2.09 [1.58–2.77]). After adjusting for confounders, no OS benefit was observed among all patients (HR 1.01 [0.89–1.13]), but OS was improved following IS for those who underwent surgery alone (HR 0.60 [0.47–0.78]) and those with lower pathological (y)pT stages (Tis-2, HR 0.72 [0.58–0.89]). IS was associated with greater anxiety (P =0.016), but similar overall HRQL.

Conclusions:
IS was associated with improved oncologic outcome in select cohorts, specifically patients with early-stage disease at presentation or favorable pathological stage post neoadjuvant therapy. This may inform guideline development, and enhance shared decision-making, at a time when therapeutic options for recurrence are expanding.
Postoperative and Pathological Outcomes of CROSS and FLOT as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Esophageal and Junctional Adenocarcinoma
Authors:   Oesophago-Gastric Anastomotic Audit (OGAA) Collaborative
Published: January 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the postoperative and pathological outcomes between carboplatin, paclitaxel, radiotherapy (CROSS) and 5-FU, leucovorine, oxaliplatin and docetaxel (FLOT) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients from an international, multicenter cohort.

Summary of Background Data:
Ongoing debate exists around optimum approach to locally advanced EAC, with proponents for perioperative chemotherapy, such as FLOT, or multimodal therapy, in particular the CROSS regimen.

Methods:
Patients undergoing CROSS (n = 350) and FLOT (n = 368), followed by curative esophagectomy for EAC were identified from the Oesophagogastric Anastomosis Audit.

Results:
The 90-day mortality was higher after CROSS than FLOT (5% vs 1%, P = 0.005), even on adjusted analyses [odds ratio (OR): 3.97, confidence interval (CI)95%: 1.34–13.67]. Postoperative mortality in CROSS were related to higher pulmonary (74% vs 60%) and cardiac complications (42% vs 20%) compared to FLOT. CROSS was associated with higher pathologic complete response (pCR) rates (18% vs 10%, P = 0.004) and margin-negative resections (93% vs 76%, P < 0.001) compared with FLOT. On adjusted analyses, CROSS was associated with higher pCR rates (OR: 2.05, CI95%: 1.26-3.34) and margin-negative resections (OR: 4.55, CI95%: 2.70-7.69) compared to FLOT.

Conclusions:
This study provides real-world data CROSS was associated with higher 90-day mortality than FLOT, related to cardio-pulmonary complications with CROSS. These warrant a further review into causes and mechanisms in selected patients, and at minimum suggest the need for strict radiation therapy quality assurance. Research into impact of higher pCR rates and R0 resections with CROSS compared to FLOT on long-term survival is needed.
Association Between Adherence to the MIND Diet and Cognitive Performance is Affected by Income
Authors: Ferreira Naomi V. , Lotufo Paulo A. , Marchioni Dirce M.L. , Barreto Sandhi M. , Viana Maria C. , Caramelli Paulo , Bensenor Isabela J.M. , Suemoto Claudia K. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The relationship between the Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and cognition has not been widely investigated in low- to middle-income countries. We investigated the relationship between MIND diet and cognition in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline data.

Methods:
We included 11,788 participants. MIND diet adherence was based on the intake of 15 components according to a food frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the association between MIND diet adherence and global cognition, memory, and executive function using adjusted linear regression. We examined the interaction between income and MIND diet adherence on cognition and presented income stratified analyses.

Results:
MIND diet adherence was not associated with cognition in the whole sample. Income was an effect modifier of MIND adherence on global cognition (P=0.03) and executive function (P<0.001). For participants with high income, greater adherence was associated with better executive function [β=0.015, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.002; 0.028, P=0.025]; while for participants with low income, greater adherence was associated with lower global cognition (β=−0.020, 95% CI=−0.036; −0.005, P=0.010) and executive function (β=−0.023, 95% CI=−0.039; −0.007, P=0.004). Adherence to the MIND diet was higher among participants with high income (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
For high-income participants, greater adherence was associated with better cognitive performance; for low-income participants, greater adherence was associated with lower cognitive performance.
Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) identifies Homozygous mutation in g.37429732G>A in GRHPR gene is responsible for early onset of nephrolithiasis in the population of West Bengal, India
Authors: Chatterjee Arindam , Sarkar Kunal , Bank Sarbashri , Saraf Siddharth , wakle Dhansagar , pal Dilip Kumar , Chakraborty Santanu , Ghosh Sudakshina , bankura Biswabandhu , Das Madhusudan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKidney stone disease (KSD) or nephrolithiasis (NL), is a serious clinical concern that gradually poses threat to global health and economy. The frequency of KSD is rapidly increasing and about 12% of the Indian population are suffering from this disease. In this scenario, we studied the incidence and age group stratification of KSD in the eastern part of India. Furthermore, patients with GRHPR mutation were highly predominant. Furthermore, real time quantitative PCR expression and protein expression through immunoblotting along with protein activity & computational analysis were carried out in patients with GRHPR mutation. Our findings revealed that the candidates of the early age group are prone to hyperoxaluria moreover a potent and frequent mutation in the GRHPR gene is widely present in this age group. Further, biochemical tests such as serum creatine, serum urea, serum and urinary calcium were carried out for the patients along with age matched controls. Moreover, the actual underlying cause of nephrolithiasis for lower age groups still remains unclear. The study revealed that mutations were more often found in GRHPR, AGXT, and HOGA1 genes in the study cohort.
Resveratrol increases tear production and spontaneous ocular pain after corneal abrasion in male, but not female, rats using a preclinical model of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
Authors: Hegarty Deborah M. , Carroll James R. , Nguyen Dennis , Halls Victoria S. , Robbins Dennis I. , Price Theodore J. , Dussor Gregory , Aicher Sue A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhotorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is an alternative to LASIK and can cause intense acute pain that is often not relieved by standard treatments. To assess potential therapeutics for this type of acute pain, appropriate preclinical models are needed. Herein we describe a rodent preclinical model of PRK and a multi-faceted approach to determine the therapeutic potential of resveratrol, a natural phytoestrogen, on pain, tear production, and the corneal epithelium. Studies were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Heptanol was applied to one eye and the superficial corneal epithelium was removed, mimicking the abrasion seen in PRK. Spontaneous pain was assessed with orbital tightening (OT) scores for 7 days. Corneal abrasion increased OT scores in both male and female rats with peak responses at 24 - 48 hours. Topical application of resveratrol had a sex-specific effect on OT scores and tear production. Resveratrol increased OT scores in abraded males, but not females, at 72 hours and 1 week after abrasion. Resveratrol dose-dependently increased tear production in abraded males, but had no effect in abraded females. While there was no correlation between OT score at 1 week and tear production, CGRP content of corneal nerves was positively correlated with 1 week OT score. There was also a significant increase in CD68-labeled macrophages in resveratrol-treated abraded corneas as compared to naïve corneas. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of our preclinical PRK model for the assessment of ocular pain therapeutics and indicate that topical resveratrol may not be useful for managing PRK-induced pain.
DNA methylation and general psychopathology in childhood: An epigenome-wide meta-analysis from the PACE consortium
Authors: Rijlaarsdam Jolien , Cosin Marta , Schellhas Laura , Abrishamcar Sarina , Malmberg Anni , Neumann Alexander , Felix Janine F. , Sunyer Jordi , Gutzkow Kristine B. , Grazuleviciene Regina , Wright John , Kampouri Mariza , Zar Heather J. , Stein Dan J. , Heinonen Kati , Räikkönen Katri , Lahti Jari , Huels Anke , Caramaschi Doretta , Alemany Silvia , Cecil Charlotte A. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe general psychopathology factor (GPF) has been proposed as a way to capture variance shared between psychiatric symptoms. Despite a growing body of evidence showing both genetic and environmental influences on GPF, the biological mechanisms underlying these influences remain unclear. In the current study, we conducted epigenome-wide meta-analyses to identify both probe- and region-level associations of DNA methylation (DNAm) with school-age general psychopathology in six cohorts from the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium. DNAm was examined both at birth (cord blood; prospective analysis) and during school-age (peripheral whole blood; cross-sectional analysis) in total samples of N=2,178 and N=2,190, respectively. At school-age, we identified one probe (cg11945228) located in the Bromodomain-containing protein 2 gene (BRD2) that negatively associated with GPF (p=8.58×10−8). We also identified a significant DMR at school-age (p=1.63×10−8), implicating the SHC Adaptor Protein 4 (SHC4) gene that has been previously implicated in multiple types of psychiatric disorders in adulthood, including obsessive compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder. In contrast, no prospective associations were identified with DNAm at birth. Taken together, results of this study revealed some evidence of an association between DNAm at school-age and GPF. Future research with larger samples is needed to further assess DNAm variation associated with GPF.