bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytotoxicity Test, Selected Woody Plants, Wooster, Oh, 1982
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticides were evaluated for phytotoxicity on eight species of woody ornamental plants at Wooster, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 21 or 29 July, when conditions on both dates were sunny, 24 to 28°C, with a slight breeze. A Meyer’s hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 lb/in2 was used to apply sprays to runoff on five or seven single plant replicates growing in field blocks. Plants were examined 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment for signs of phytotoxicity.
Candidate Pesticide Formulations for Quarantine Use, 1983
Authors: Morgan Neal O. , Witherell Peter C. , Strasser E. George , Wood W. Scot 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two series of bioassay tests were conducted by exposing a total of five pest species in commercial transport trailers with volumes of 30 to 74 mi. In the first series of tests, conducted in Miami, Fla., three species of colony-reared insects were exposed. Approximately 100 resistant (Gainesville multiple resistant) M. domesticia, 100 resistant and 100 susceptible (Gainesville) A. quadrimaculatus, and 30 B. qermanica adults were included in two or three test replications. In the second series of tests conducted in Baltimore, Md., ca 30 B. qermanica, 30 P. japonica, 100 susceptible (NAIDM) M. domestica, 100 resistant (Beltsville, B-82 multiple resistant) M. domestica, and 20 D. variabilis were used in each test replication. Japanese beetles were field-collected in methyl eugenol-baited traps. The American dog ticks were field-collected by dragging white flannel cloth over tick-infested fields and then caged in 30-ml clear plastic portion cups with tops replaced with double layers of tulle, a nylon mesh screen (7 mm2 openings). Mosquitoes were caged in 20-mesh hardware vloth cylinders 20 cm long by 7 cm diam with screened ends. The house flies, German cockroaches, and Japanese beetles were caged in 0.24 liter paper cans with tops replaced by single layers of tulle. Caged species were placed on the floor of each test trailer ca. 10 cm from a side wall near the center and ca. 30 cm from each end. One piece each of carpet (25 by 25 cm) and of plywood (25 by 25 cm) was also placed on the floor at the center of each trailer before each treatment for subsequent residue bioassays with Japanese beetles. Aerosols were formulated with Refrigerant-12 propellant. Aerosols were released within closed trailers while the applicator walked the length of the trailer. The manually released aerosols were sprayed for the required length of time based on release rate, and an accurate dose was obtained by weighing and releasing the material as necessary to give 8.5 mg (AI)/m3 at Miami and 22.5 mg (AI)/m3 at Baltimore. Dusts were formulated with HiSil 233 as an inert carrier premeasured to give the same amounts of active ingredient as specified for aerosols. Dusts were introduced into the trailers with a CO2 pressurized gun and were administered through a partially opened rear door. Following each treatment the trailer was closed for 10 min, then the rear door was opened, and 20 min later the test insects were removed. Knockdown counts were taken at 30 min and mortality (dead and moribund) counts were taken at 24 h posttreatment. Average air temp inside the trailers was 24 ± 5°C. Abbott’s formula was used to correct for control mortality.
Slurry Treatments on Cotton Seed, 1982
Authors: Strong R. G. , Sbur D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Gustafson Captan 30 DD was applied to 10-lb lots of acid delinted cotton seed in a Batch Lab Treater, and calculated rates of insecticides were added to the slurry treatment mixture as needed. Following application of slurry to seed prepared for Test 1, 100-g samples of seed were taken at random from each treatment lot. Each sample was put into a 1-pt mason jar equipped with a filter paper cover held in place with the jar ring. A total of 10 samples of acid delinted cotton seed tested for each treatment was exposed to 50 laboratory-reared adults of the following: the cigarette beetle, the red flour beetle, and the sawtoothed grain beetle. Likewise, 10 sample replications of seed for each treatment were exposed to 20 young Indianmeal moths. All test samples of seed were held at 80°F and 50 to 60% RH. Initial counts of live moths were made 3 days after infestation; beetle counts were made 7 days after initial infestation with insects. A second, or reproductive, count of beetles was made 60 days after the initial infestation. Indianmeal moths did not reproduce on acid delinted cotton seed, but seed were held 45 days before examination and discarding.
Ready-To-Use Sprays for German Cockroach Control, 1982
Authors: Bennett G. W. , Runstrom E. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were conducted to determine the relative efficacy and residual life of four aerosol formulations compared to a standard material currently in use for cockroach control. Tests were conducted in low income housing units located in Indianapolis, Ind. Treatments with Raid Ant and Roach Killer (0.70% Baygon, 0.20% DDVP), Bolt Residual for Crawling Insects (0.25% Dursban, 0.08% pyrethrins, 0.4% PBO), 0.30% Neopynamin + 0.50% Dursban (TET.3), 0.15% Neopynamin + 0.25% Dursban (TET.15), and Dursban 4E - 0.25% + Vaponite - 0.25% (D/V) were applied to apartments in random order. Evaluations of insecticide efficacy and residual life were accomplished by comparing the percent reduction in cockroach populations over time.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1983
Authors: Weires R. W. , Vankirk J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to plots of eight trees, each a different cultivar. Plots were replicated three timas in a randomized complete block design. Most treatments were applied at pink, 2 May, petal fall, 22, 23 May, and in six cover sprays, 6, 21 Jun., 6, 21 Jul., 3 Aug., and 17 Aug. Advantage was applied with 2% oil on 12 Apr. and by itself in cover sprays directed at San Jose Scale crawlers on 21 Jun., 6 Jul., 3 Aug., and 17 Aug., Imidan was applied on the other dates. Larvin 3.2F was applied at 10.0 and 20.0 oz form./lOO gal as the 4th and 5th treatments at pink, 2 May, while all Larvin treatments were omitted from the 21 Jul. cover spray. Bay Sir 8514 was applied at pink, 2 May and again on 21 Jun and 6 Jul., Guthion being used on the remaining dates. FMC 54800 and FCR 1272 were applied in the 2 May pink spray. Orthene was only applied 2 May, 23 May, and 6 Jun., Guthion being used on the remaining dates. Imidan, FMC 54800, and Larvin were all applied 22 May, and again on 23 May, following a rainstorm the night of the 22nd. Treatments were all applied dialute to runoff by high-pressure handgun sprayer at 400 lb/in2 delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree (403 gal/acre) except for the final two applications using 5.2 gal spray/tree (500 gal/acre). Trees were 19-yr-old, 12 ft high, on the EM2 rootstock, and spaced 15 by 30 ft. Plictran 50WP, 4 to 6 oz/100 gal was the primary miticide used, although Carzol 92SP 6 oz (AD/100 gal was applied to FCR 1272 and Penncap + Pydrin plots on 3 Aug. while Kelthane 4F 1 pt (AD/100 gal was applied to Larvin plots on the same date. Fungicide applications over all plots include: Bravo 500 3 qt (AD/100 gal, 12 Apr.; Vangard 10WP 2 oz/100 gal, 10, 17 Jun., and 13 Jul.; Captan 50WP 0.4 lb (AD/100 gal, 10 and 17 Jun.; and Polyram 80WP 1.13 lb(AD/100 gal, 13 Jul. All trees wee thinned with 10 ppm naphthaleneacitic acid on 2 Jun. April and May were unusually cold and wet, while July and August were much hotter and dryer than normal. Insect population densities were normal throughout the season. Insect damage was assessed at harvest by examining 100 fruit/cultivar per plot from ‘McIntosh’ 7 Sep., ‘Cortland’ 23 Sep., ‘Golden Delicious’ 3 Oct., and ‘Red Delicious’ 10 Oct.
Comparison of Pyrethroid Ear Tags and Tapes for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle, 1983
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. , Christensen C. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three commercially available pyrethroid cattle ear tags (8% Ectrin, 10% Permectrin and 10% Atroban) plus the Ectiban tape containing 1.2g (AI) permethrin per tape were evaluated for their comparitive effectiveness in controlling face flies and horn flies on pastured beef cattle in two tests. Test 1 consisted of six mixed breed cow-calf herds, and one herd of steers, located in Mercer County, KY. The number of animals per herd ranged from 16-68. Cattle were treated in May and June. Herds in Test 2 were located in Clark County and were comprised of mixed breed steers ranging from 75 to 100 animals and were treated in May. All ear tags were evaluated at 1 tag/hd and 2 tags/hd and the Ectiban ear tag tapes were tested at the recommended rate of 1 tape/hd wrapped around an existing identification ear tag. Two similar cow-calf herds within the area were used as untreated check herds for Test 1 and an untreated steer herd was used as a check herd for Test 2. Fly counts were made on 10 animals in each herd by counting the number of face flies on the face of each animal and estimating the number of horn flies on one side of the same animals. Calves were not included in these counts.
Ear Tags (CIODRIN, SUPONA) for Control of Horn Flies on Beef Cattle, Alabama, 1983
Authors: Mullen G. R. , Smith L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two experimental, insecticide-impregnated plastic ear tags, one containing 16% Ciodrin and the other 16% Supona, were evaluated. Six cow-calf herds of 23 to 26 mixed-breed animals of similar breed composition were tagged while a seventh herd served as an untreated check. Treatments consisted of three herds with Ciodrin tags and three groups with Supona tags. All cows in each test group received two tags. Ear tags were installed during the second week of Jun. following pretreatment horn fly counts on 6 Jun. Weekly fly counts were made for 16 weeks from 6 Jun. to 26 Sep. Counts were made by vusual inspection using binoculars with the number of flies/side recorded for 10 cows in each herd. Herds were rotated on pastures of similar foliage approximately monthly to minimize differences due to location.
Beef Cattle, Face Fly and Horn Fly Control with Guardian Ear Tags, 1983
Authors: Roberts James A. , Saluta Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Guardian 5 and 7.5% (flucythrinate) ear tags were evaluated for face fly and horn fly control on beef cattle. May through Sep., 1983, in Montgomery Co., Va. Herds and treatments used in Test A were as follows: (1) Guardian 5% ear tags applied to 22 Simmental and mixed breed cows with calves and 2 Simmental bulls 24 May; (2) Guardian 7.5% ear tags applied to 20 mixed breed cows and calves and 1 Simmental bull 24 May; (3) standard Ectrin 8% ear tags appplied to 70 Angus cows with calves and 2 Hereford bulls 24 May; and (4) an untreated head of 15 mixed breed cows with calves and 1 bull. Guardian 5% and 7.5% treated cows, calves, and bulls received two tags per animal; Ectrin treated cows received two tags per animal and calves received one tag. All herds in Test A were monitored for 11 weeks. Herds and treatments used in Test B were as follows: (1) Guardian 7.5% improved design ear tags applied 17 Aug. to same herd as #1, Test a; (2) Guardian 7.5% improved design ear tags applied 11 Aug. to same herd as #2, Test A; (3) standard Ectrin 8% ear tags existing on same herd as #3, Test A; and (4) an untreated herd, same as #4, Test A. All Guardian treated cows, calves, and bulls received two improved design tags per animal; all remaining tags from Test A were removed. All herds in Test B were monitored for five additional weeks. Herds used in Test A and B were maintained in separate pastures and were situated within ca. 2 miles of each other. Weekly face fly and horn fly estimations were made by the same person on 10 adult animals per herd. Numbers of face flies were estimated on the face and head and horn flies on one side of each animal.
Apple, Dogwood Borer Control, Valatie, New York, 1982-83
Authors: Weires R. W. , VanKirk J. R. , Riedl H. , Hoying S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 9-yr-old apple planting of five cultivars, spaced 10 by 19 ft (230 trees/acre), 6 ft in height, on the M26 rootstock, was divided into 3 block. Block A contained three treatments and an untreated check arranged in a randomized complete block design with 10 tree plots replicated once on the ‘Mutsu’ and ‘Macoun’ cultivar and twice on the ‘Empire’ cultivar. Block B consisted of four tree plots of ‘Red Delicious’ cultivar with four treatments and a check replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Block C was arranged in a similar design using 10 tree plots replicated five times with the cultivars Red Delicious and the other plots replicated five times with the cultivars Red Delicious and the other half Mcintosh. Treatments were applied 21 Jul. (Block A) and 5 Aug. (Blocks B and C in 1982, using a Spartan handgun sprayer at 150 lb/in2. Approximately 0.33 gallon of spray was applied dilute to runoff around the trunk of each tree from base to first scaffold level. Treatments were reapplied to the same plots on 15 Aug., 1983 using a Bean handgun sprayer at 200 lb/in2 delivering 0.5 gal of spray per tree. Rates and formulations were readjusted and the Tree-hold treatments omitted in 1983. All treatments were evaluated 2 Nov. 1983 by examining each tree for presence of live borer larvae, pupal skin, cocoons and fresh borer frass. Numbers of burr knots, i.e. above-ground adventitious root growths, were also recorded since borers usually became established at these sites.
Evaluation of Bacitracin and Zinc Bacitracin as a Feed Additive for Control of Northern Fowl Mites, 1983
Authors: DeVaney J.A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Forty-three wk-old White Leghorn hens (120) which had been infested with northern fowl mites for at least 15 wk were divided into 5 groups of 24 hens each and caged individually. Each group was then placed on a commercial laying diet which contained bacitracin (100 g/T), bacitracin (200 g/T), zinc bacitracin (100 g/T), zinc bacitracin (200 g/T) or no additive (control). All hens were weighed before the test and 4 wk later at the end of the test. Daily egg production was maintained for each hen. Weekly mite ratings were visually observed and recorded on each hen for 4 consecutive wk using the following ratings: 0, no raites; 1, very light (1-10 mites/hen); 2, light (11-100 mites/hen); 3, moderate (101-1000 mites/hen); 4, heavy (1001-10,000 mites/hen); and 5, extra heavy 010,000 mites/hen).
Ectiban Permethrin 1.0% Wipe-On for Control of Flies on Horses, 1983
Authors: Doisy K.E. , Hall R.D. , Fischer F. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven pastured horses were treated on 30 June with ca. 510 ml of 1.0% permethrin wipe-on formulation applied using a sponge. The entire hair coat of each horse was covered thoroughly; the average amount of material applied was measured by presoaking sponges and noting the volume of wipe-on required to effect treatment. A proximate group of seven untreated horses served as a control. Flies were counted weekly by visual inspection of all animals. Counts were made by noting the number of flies on the entire face, a single side and one side of all four legs on each horse thus examined. Fly populations on the faces of the treated horses increased 4-weeks posttreatment and the animals were retreated with ca. 600 ml each on 29 July.
Evaluation of Guardian Ear Tags, Ectrin Ear Tags and Ectiban Tapes Against Face Flies on Horses, 1983
Authors: Hollis J.H. , Knapp F.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Guardian ear tags with 7.5% flucythrinate (AC 222,705 American cyanamid) and Ectrin ear tags with 8.0% fenvalerate were attached to halters of each five horses to test for efficacy. Each treatment group was separated by two, 2-acre paddocks or more during the treatment period. Face fly numbers were counted on the face of each horse in each treated and untreated group. Face fly counts were taken 1 day posttreatment and weekly thereafter. The percentage of face fly reduction was based on the average face fly number on the treated compared to the untreated horses.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Imported Fire Ant Control, 1981
Authors: Burne Jeffrey C. , Hays S.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated for effectiveness against field colonies of imported fire ant (IFA). Bendiocarb (Ficcam-W) was tested as a mound drench, 1,1,1-trichloroethane as a pour-on and resmethrin as an injected material. Trichloroethane was screened for effectivness using two rates which were poured in a hole made in the apex of the mound. A replicated (4) test using the two rates was established in grassland in 10.7-m-circular plots. All active mounds within the plot were identified and treated. Evaluation was made at 7, 30, and 60 days posttreatment. Following the 30-day observation, all mounds with active IFA were retreated with a second application using the original dosage rate. Bendiocarb was tested as a drench using 7.7-1 finished mixture. Eight rates were tested for effectiveness. The lowest effective rate was subsequently applied in a replicated (4) test utilizing 20 colonies per replicate. A similar number of colonies was treated with water as the control. Resmethrin was injected with a probe and pressure system which used freon and CO2. A rate test was used to determine the effectiveness of single and multiple injections. The lowest effective rate was used to establish a replicated (4) test utilizing 20 colonies per replicate. Control colonies were probed without application of the toxicant. In all tests a rating system was used for evaluation of the treatments (1, no mortality; 5, complete mortality).
Effects of Juvenoids on Reproduction of Female Blow Flies, 1982
Authors: Crystal Maxwell M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mixed sexes of Phormia reqina, reared in the laboratory on artificial medium, were maintained continuously from emergence. On each day of fly age 0 to 5, 20-50 (mean, 33) females of one group were treated topically with 1 m|i acetone or 10% juvenoid in acetone (100 mμ/fly) and caged with an equal number of untreated males. Five juvenoids were tested. Dead flies were removed daily, sexed, and counted. Fecundity was estimated volumetrically from the eggs collected daily through day 14 and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Hatchability was calculated after overnight incubation of 100 eggs sampled on each of 3 or 4 days before preservation in alcohol. The neonate larvae were grown on rearing medium for 5 days, and the number of 3rd instars was determined. The tests were conducted at the Insect Reproduction Laboratory between Jan. 1980 and Feb. 1982. Each test was replicated two to four times. Standard statistical procedures were used.
Laboratory Evaluation of Igr’s and Toxicants Against the Larvae of the Oriental Rat Flea, 1983
Authors: Chamberlain W.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 10-g sample of a mixture of fine sand and flea larval diet was placed in a 25-ml screwcapped vial. An appropriate concentration of technical IGR or toxicant in 500(i 1 of acetone was added to the mix; after stirring, the acetone was evaporated at room temperature. Next, 200 jil of water was added and stirred into the mix. Twenty-five laboratory-reared, 2nd-stage larvae were added. Vials were covered with 0.3-mm mesh marquisette cloth and held in separate chambers at 75% RH, 29 ± 1° and 8/16 dark/light cycle. each test was replicated two to four times, control vials containing the sand-diet mix were treated with the acetone only and handled in the same manner as test vials. Vials were examined weekly for 2 or 3 weeks; any cocoons were removed and placed in 3.7-ml shell vials and covered with marquisette cloth. Twenty-one days after removal of the cocoons, any emerged fleas were killed with chloroform and counted. The highest concentration of IGR or toxicant tested was 100 ppm; dilutions to 0.1 ppm were tested, as needed, to obtain reduced mortality.
Lesser Peach Tree Borer Control, 1983
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Walter Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 11-year-old trees as a block treatment (3 rows by 4 trees per row) for control of either the first generation (on ‘Sunhigh’) or second generation (on ‘Loring’). Dates of application were 28 May and 18 Jun. 1982 for the first generation and 27 Aug. 1982 for the second generation. A Myers V7710-5E02G hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun was used to apply 7.6 to 11.4 liters of spray at 300 lb/in2 to thoroughly wet the trunk and branches of each of the 12 trees. Insecticides were evaluated by a biweekly counting and removal of pupal cases located 0.3 to 1.8 m in height on the six most heavily infested trees in the block treatment. Pupal cases were removed from ‘Sunhigh’ 29 Jul. 1982 and ‘Loring’ 27 Apr. 1983 prior to taking counts.
Peach: Control of Oriental Fruit Moth, 1983
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Pace Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conductd in a 6-year-old peach block, variety N.J. 193. Three trees arranged in a completely randomized design were used for each treatment. Sprays were applied on 12 May, 13 Jul., 28 Jul., 15 Aug., and 30 Aug., which spanned broods 1, 3, and 4 of OFM. Sprays were applied to runoff, ca. 2 gal/tree, using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 lb/in2. Treatment effect was determined by counting the number of OFM-damaged terminals per tree on 2 Sep. and the number of OFM-infested fruit/100 fruit on 22 Sep.-4 Oct.
Peach, Early Season Treatments with Chlorpyrifos for Control of Lesser Peach Tree Borer, 1983
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Pace Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Single-tree plots, replicated eight times in a randomized complete block design, were used in this experiment, which was conducted at the Rutgers Tree Fruit Res. Cent., Cream Ridge, N.J. The scaffold limbs and trunks were sprayed to runoff (ca. 3 gal/tree), using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 lb/in2. Full bloom was ca. 27 Apr., and all sprays were applied before shuck-off, which allowed for thorough coverage of the bark and minimum interference from foliage. Treatment effects were measured by counting and removing empty pupal cases from the entire tree at ca. weekly intervals from 27 Apr. to 22 Sep.
Soil Applied Systemic Insecticide for Leafhopper Control on Grapes, 1983
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. , Muza Andrew J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard in North East, Pa. Plots consisted of six vines in a row, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft within rows. Treatments were applied on 24 May when shoot length averaged 4.2 in. Equipment used was a Soil Serve granular applicator equipped with one drop tube positioned to discharge to a depth of 3 in. behind a single cultivator tooth, 1 ft from the trellis row. Each side of the trellis was treated. Furrows were covered by raking immediately following application. Soil type was a Wellington silt loam. Precipitation totalling 0.81 in. occurred during the week following application; precipitation in June (2.30 in.) and July (2.16 in.) was 0.7 to 0.8 in. below normal; precipitation in Aug. (3.19 in.) was normal and that for Sept. (4.95 in.) was about 1.25 in. above normal. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on 10 injured leaves per plot at approximately 30, 60, 90, and 120 days posttreatment. The percentage of leaves injured was based on a 50-leaf sample per plot. Leaf injury severity was rated at harvest using a modified Horsfall - Barratt scheme: 0 = no injury, 1 = trace - 3% of leaf surface injured, 2=3 - 6%, 3=6 - 12%, 4 = 12 - 25%, 5 = 25 - 50%, and 6 = &gt;50%; 50 leaves were rated at random per plot.