bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geobotanical monitoring of light pollution in urban nature protected areas (the case study of the Vorobyovy gory nature reserve in Moscow)
Authors: Lukianov L. E. , Krasovskaya T. M. , Emelyanova L. G. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. Assessment of the light pollution impact on the vegetation cover in the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve.Methodology.  The principle investigation methods were the following: system geoecological analysis (including characteristics of natural landscapes and anthropogenic load), geobotanical observation (changes in species composition, abundance and phenophase of terrestrial plants) and instrumental measurements of the illumination intensity measured by luxmeter. To monitor the transformation of the grass vegetation cover, 8 test sites were laid: background and light pollution testing sites. Comparison of identical species of the nature reserve flora in neighboring illuminated and unlit areas (10×10 m) within the same landscape tract fragments was carried out.Results. The study showed that the effect of light pollution on the natural vegetation cover affects its structure, species abundance as well as rhythms of their development. Geobotanical study of plant species composition at these sites allowed us to identify 21 plant species of different sensitivity to the level of illumination of their habitats. These species may be used for further monitoring of light pollution impact on vegetation cover (Ficaria verna, Campanula sp., Vicia sylvatica, Anemone ranunculoides, etc.).Research implications. Geobotanical methods for light pollution monitoring are proposed.
Application of information technologies for assessment and forecasting of gas emission processes at MSW landfills
Authors: Ashikhmina T. V. , Zhidova M. V. , Kotov D. V. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. Development of software products for modeling and forecasting gas emissions at different stages of the life cycle of municipal solid waste landfills, as well as during waste combustion.Methodology. The work uses: a systematic approach to modeling the processes of interaction of waste disposal facilities with the environment, calculation and modeling of gas emission processes based on existing methods, information technologies for programming algorithms for calculating specified gas emission parameters with the receipt of a software product.Results. The use of information technologies based on known methods made it possible to develop convenient programs for express assessment and forecasting of gas emission processes at municipal solid waste landfills with graphical and geographical visualization of the results.Research implications. The developed software products contribute to solving the urgent problem of assessing and forecasting routine and emergency gas emission processes at municipal solid waste disposal facilities. The programs presented in the article allow optimizing the application of known methods for calculating pollutant emissions during the operation of facilities, as well as during waste combustion.
Peculiarities of reflecting new reference realities in modern digital and online versions of the dictionary «Le Petit Robert de la langue française»
Authors: Kharitonova I. V. , Belyaeva E. E. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. To identify the epistemological foundations of neologization in modern French. The neologisms recorded in the latest versions of the digital editions of “Le Petit Robert de la langue française”, including a list of new words in 2024, are analyzed.Methodology. The analysis is based on modern linguistic and philosophical ideas about the role of natural human language in cognitive activity, the objects of which are the material and ideal realities of external and internal objective and subjective space in relation to a person.Results. As a result of the conducted research, the connection of neologization with the social code of culture and the actual orientation of the cognitive and creative process is demonstrated. The methodological content of such instrumental concepts as reference reality, linguistic reality and nominate is clarified.Research implications. An epistemological classification of modern French new words is proposed. The results of the study have scientific novelty and are important for the development of contemporary Romance neology. Theoretical and empirical material can be used in courses on the lexicology of the French language and the theory of intercultural communication.
“Civil war” concept verbalization in contemporary American political discourse
Authors: Bystrov N. A. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. To identify the structure of the concept of “civil war” and its verbalization features in contempo­rary American political discourse.Methodology. The research is based on the application of textual, contextual and conceptual analysis methods.Results. During the research, it was concluded that the core of the meanings of the concept “civil war” includes “division” and “extreme violence”. The meanings “confrontation” and “chaos” can be referred to as the peripheral ones. The analysis of the corpus of social and political journalistic texts has shown that the representation of the “civil war” concept can be carried out explicitly and implic­itly, as well as at the level of interaction of linguistics and general semiotics in audiovisual form. In addition, the analyzed concept representatives may refer to vocabulary denoting the concepts of “in” and “out”, pejorative vocabulary, as well as “color markers” words.Research implications. Based on the results of the work, a model of conceptual analysis of modern American political discourse was proposed and its implementation in practice was demonstrated.
Thermal Effect on the Breakdown Pressure of Granite in Supercritical CO2 Fracturing: Experimental Study and Model Validation
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Zhu Wancheng , Liu Heyang , Wei Chenhui , Zhang Xiufeng , Liu Zhengdong 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Breakdown pressure (Pb) is a key parameter in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fracturing technology. A limited understanding of the thermal effects resulting from the difference between SC-CO2 and reservoir temperatures impedes accurate Pb prediction. In our work, fracturing experiments were conducted on granite to analyze the impacts of temperature and injection rate in terms of the thermal effects on Pb. Additionally, we establish an effective Pb prediction model that considers thermal effects, achieving a low error rate relative to the experimental data. As the temperature increases from 308 to 328 and 348 K, the experimental Pb decreases by 8.34% and 20.35%, respectively. The rising temperature reduces the viscosity and pressurization rate of SC-CO2, thereby increasing the stress caused by the infiltration effect, which is inversely related to Pb. As the temperature difference increases from 0 to 20 and 60 K, the experimental Pb decreases by 3.27% and 13.19%, respectively. The thermal stress induced by these temperature differences negatively impacts Pb, and increases in temperature difference enhance thermal stress and weaken the pore pressure at the characteristic length dw. As the injection rate increases from 30 to 50 and 70 mL/min, the experimental Pb increases by 4.84% and 18.38%, respectively. The weakened infiltration effect and reduced thermal stress at dw increase the Pb under faster injection rates. Increased temperature differences and lower injection rates significantly reduce the breakdown pressure of low-permeability rocks due to combined thermal stress and fluid infiltration but have relatively minor effects on high-permeability rocks.
Understanding Smallholder Dairy Farming in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Farmer Demographics and Management Constraints
Authors: Ngou Athanas , Laven Richard , Parkinson Timothy , Kashoma Isaac , Donaghy Danny 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

There has been a significant shift in the population of smallholder dairy cattle farmers in Tanzania, yet we lack current demographic data and information on key productivity constraints. This cross-sectional survey of 301 smallholder dairy cattle farmers across six regions aimed to gather demographic data and identify key farming constraints. Of the 301 households surveyed, 74% were headed by men, but in Njombe there was an equal number of women and men. Most respondents had primary education but had gone no further (55%); however, in Morogoro, 68% of farmers had been in secondary/university education. Across four regions (Njombe, Mbeya, Kilimanjaro and Arusha), herd size of 3–4 animals was most common (32–50%); however, in Morogoro and Tanga most herds had ˃4 animals (66% and 78%, respectively). Zero-grazing was the most common grazing system (75%), but tethering was predominant (68%) in Mbeya. Cash purchase was the most common means of obtaining the first cattle beast (66%), although a gift from a relative/friend (49%) was the most common source in Mbeya. High input costs (93%), unavailability of feed (71%), lack of land (68%) and diseases (62%) were the key identified constraints, while high breeding costs (96%), poor oestrus detection (89%), cows not displaying oestrus (79%) and lack of AI services (51%) were the key constraints to successful breeding. Despite the shared commonalities, demographic differences among regions call for fitting development strategies that address the specific needs of farmers in each region, rather than applying uniform solutions across Tanzania.
Real-Space Imaging of the Band Topology of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Pasupathy Abhay , Holbrook Madisen , Ingham Julian , Kaplan Daniel , Holtzman Luke , Bierman Brenna , Olsen Nicholas , Nashabeh Luca , Li Yiliu , Liu Song , Zhu Xiaoyang , Rhodes Daniel , Barmak Katayun , Hone James , Queiroz Raquel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The topological properties of Bloch bands are intimately tied to the structure of their electronic wavefunctions within the unit cell of a crystal. Here, we show that scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) measurements on the prototypical transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductor WSe2 can be used to unambiguously determine the location of the Wannier center of the valence band. Using site-specific substitutional doping, we first determine the position of the atomic sites within STM images, establishing that the maximum electronic density of states at the K-point lies between the atoms. In contrast, the maximum density of states at the point is at the atomic sites. This signifies that WSe2 is a topologically obstructed atomic insulator that cannot be adiabatically transformed to a trivial atomic limit, providing the first direct experimental evidence of this phase.
Clinical application of tumour whole genome sequencing in routine molecular diagnostics for solid cancer patients
Authors: Cuppen E. , Putten Jeffrey van , Snaebjornsson Petur , Bosch Linda , Koster Roelof , Roepman Paul , Boelens Mirjam , Wezel Tom van , Rosenberg Efraim , Marchetti Serena , Vollebergh Marieke , Lambregts Doenja , Kolk Lizet van der , Nienhuis Hilde , Monkhorst Kim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Molecular testing is increasingly relevant for enabling precision medicine for cancer patients. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) provides a tumour-agnostic solution for the growing complexity of DNA-based biomarker detection, with promising results demonstrated in various studies. Here, we present real-world data of 888 patients to demonstrate the clinical value of routine use of paired tumour-normal WGS-based diagnostics for solid tumours in a comprehensive cancer center setting.
WGS was successful in 89% of cases with a median turnaround time of 6 working days. Potentially actionable biomarkers were identified in 74% of patients, including biomarkers for reimbursed and experimental targeted therapies in 30% and 64% of patients, respectively. Importantly, 38% and 24% of these patients did start biomarker-guided therapy within one year. For cancers of unknown primary (n=123), WGS aided in solving diagnosis or identified reimbursed treatment options in 68% of cases, with 70% starting a tumour type-specific treatment after WGS. Finally, clinically relevant pathogenic germline variants were identified in 6.5% of all patients.
Together, routine WGS-based diagnostics outperformed previous study results and had clinical consequences in 42% of all patients tested. WGS thus provides a versatile and future-proof test approach for supporting clinical care for patients with solid cancers.
Black yeasts are efficient heterologous hosts of a wide range of fungal polyketides
Authors: Cruz-Morales Pablo , Gadar-Lopez Adrian , de Carvalho Ana Calheiros , Li Xiaowei , Rago Daniela , Ahonen Linda , Gotfredsen Charlotte , Lukassen Marie , Cano-Prieto Carolina , Chen Ling , Jayachandran Sidharth , Brogaard Jeppe , von Bargen Miriam , Bhagavan Laasya , Strucko Tomas , Frey Adrian , Arsovska Dushica , Carr Erin , Jensen Sheila , Harris Steven , Mortensen Uffe , Kiesling Jay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Fungal natural products, including polyketides, are a rich source of bioactive molecules. Their biosynthetic enzymes are encoded within biosynthetic gene clusters, which are often activated by specific environmental conditions. As a result, many natural products are not produced under standard laboratory conditions. Heterologous expression bypasses native regulation, enabling a systematic approach for polyketide discovery. The most widely used fungal hosts for natural product production are Saccharomycetales yeasts, and filamentous Eurotiomycetes. Yeasts are highly tractable but have a narrow product scope due to their limited secondary metabolism, while filamentous Eurotiomycetes have a richer secondary metabolism but are more difficult to engineer.
In this work, we established two yeasts of the genera Exophiala and Knufia as novel heterologous hosts for a broad range of polyketides. These hosts combine the genetic tractability of yeast with the metabolic robustness of filamentous fungi. We developed genetic engineering tools for precise gene integration and genome editing, allowing us to heterologously express five fungal polyketide synthases with different domain architectures, including one involved in the biosynthesis of a previously undescribed 2-pyridone. Our findings demonstrate that these novel yeast hosts can efficiently produce complex polyketides, paving the way for systematic polyketide synthase expression and engineering.
Breaking Barriers: Exploring the Impact of the Glass Ceiling Index on Female Representation in the Judiciary
Authors: Kaya Yasin Caglar , Kaya Hasret , Kayar Abdullah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study seeks to answer the question of whether there are barriers to women in the judiciary and to examine the relationship between the glass ceiling index and representation rates of female judges with a view to revealing whether the barriers observed in the judiciary are sector-specific. The study examines the glass ceiling index scores published in ‘The Economist’ for OECD countries between 2010- 2020 and the representation rates of female judges in courts for the same years. The panel data method was used to reveal this relationship. The glass ceiling index had a negative coefficient and was statistically significant at a significance level of 1 percent for first instance courts. The probability values obtained from the models applied to test the relationship between the glass ceiling index and the representation rates of female judges in courts of second instance and supreme courts showed no statistically significant relationship between the variables. This study differs from the literature in that it establishes a relationship between the barriers to women in the public and private sectors and the barriers to women in the judiciary across countries, thus seeking an answer to the question of whether or not the barriers in the judiciary are sector-specific.
Enhancing Chemistry Learning Through The Effective Utilization Of The Periodic Table As Content And A Tool: A Mixed-Methods Study of Teachers and Learners' Engagement in Conceptual Change
Authors: Mhlongo Thabo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The periodic table is a fundamental concept in chemistry, yet its potential as both content and a tool for conceptual understanding is often underutilized. This mixed-methods study explored how teachers and learners in a South African township school engaged with the periodic table to enhance their understanding of chemical bonding and reactions. The findings indicate that teachers' perceptions of the periodic table—whether as static content or a dynamic tool—shaped their instructional practices and influenced learners’ conceptual development. Similarly, learners who viewed the periodic table as a framework for understanding chemical properties performed better than those who saw it as mere information to memorize. The study underscores the need for professional development to enhance teachers' pedagogical strategies and improve chemistry instruction. These insights contribute to refining chemistry teaching practices and fostering meaningful conceptual change in learners.
Biogas Production and Nutrient Dynamics in Digestate from Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Banana Stems
Authors: Debele Wagene Hailu , Keche Demissie Dawana , Wachemo Akiber Chufo , Wanore Tesfaye Doboch , Legesse Henok Akililu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Biogas production offers a sustainable approach to converting organic waste into renewable energy while generating nutrient-rich digestate for use as fertilizer. This study investigates the biogas potential and nutrient composition of digestate derived from the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and banana stems (BS). The research aims to optimize the co-digestion process by evaluating biogas yields and nutrient retention in digestate.
Methods:
Anaerobic co-digestion experiments were conducted in 1L sealed reactors at 37±1°C for 45 days, with biogas volume measured using the water displacement method. The feedstocks were characterized by their biochemical composition, with FW containing 50.72% carbohydrates and 9.81% protein, while BS had 29.03% cellulose and 8.53% lignin. Co-digestion was assessed for its effect on the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and methanogenesis efficiency.
Results:
Biogas yields were recorded as 304.91 mL/gVS for FW, 216.60 mL/gVS for BS, and 330.18 mL/gVS for a 1:1 co-digestion, showing an improvement of 25.49% and 14.58% compared to FW and BS alone, respectively. Retention times varied from 25 days (FW) to 41 days (BS). Digestate analysis indicated phosphorus levels between 16.47–19.95 mg/L, potassium between 25.0–36.0 mg/L, and sodium between 12.0–18.0 mg/L, with FW-rich reactors exhibiting the highest nutrient concentrations.
Conclusion:
The study highlights the dual benefits of anaerobic co-digestion in enhancing biogas production and generating nutrient-rich digestate. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing waste valorization processes for sustainable energy production and agricultural applications.
Deep learning for aircraft emergency landing identification: A New Moroccan Terrain Dataset Case Study
Authors: Khadija Bouzaachane , Mahdi EL Guarmah EL 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In the aviation industry, forced landings are undesirable occurrences that may occur to an aircraft while it is in flight. They may result from unanticipated circumstances, or engine failures. One approach that could be used to find prospective emergency landing locations for airplanes is image segmentation. Accurate segmentation should enhance aviation safety procedures generally by improving the efficient identification of safe landing zones. The accurate identification of safe landing places is crucial to aviation safety in emergency situations. Using a pixel-wise labeled dataset, this paper introduces a deep learning framework for semantic segmentation with the goal of identifying emergency landing zones in Morocco [1]. With an emphasis on terrain features like surface type, slope, and obstructions, the study assesses cutting-edge architectures such as DeepLabV3+, SegFormer, Faster R-CNN, and U-Net. To improve model generalization, a strong preparation pipeline that uses data augmentation approaches is used. Metrics like F1-score, recall, precision, and Dice coefficients show how effective the model is, and experimental findings show notable gains in segmentation accuracy. Critical gaps in the literature have prompted our investigation, especially with regard to aircraft and emergency runways, which have received relatively little attention. Since the urgent landing objective is a point rather than a piste, the majority of the work that has been published thus far is specifically for UAVs, ([2]-[7]). The results highlight the possibility of incorporating these techniques for safer emergency landings into autonomous aircraft systems. Hybrid models will be investigated in future studies, and the application will be expanded to include more varied datasets.
Non-destructive Detection of Spotted Wing Drosophila Infestation in Blueberries Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Mu Xinyang , Lu Yuzhen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) infestation in blueberries presents a significant threat to blueberry industries due to significant yield loss and quality/safety issues during postharvest process where there is zero-tolerance for infested fruit. Current detection methods require destructive sampling and are time-consuming and labor-intensive and thus not suitable for high-volume inspection of individual products during postharvest handling. This study presents an innovative hyperspectral imaging-based approach to detecting SWD infestation in highbush blueberry fruit. Two benchtop hyperspectral imaging systems in reflectance mode, operating in the visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR, 400-1000 nm) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR, 900-1700 nm) ranges respectively, were in-house assembled for acquiring images of 945 (including 706 healthy and 235 infested) blueberry samples hand-picked from orchards. Hyperspectral imagery was processed to segment blueberries and extract mean spectra from individual samples. Infested blueberries showed lower spectral reflectance in the region of 750 – 1350 nm than normal samples. Baseline models were built using six different classifiers for sample classification, and the models based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) yielded the best overall accuracy of 90.2% and 92.5% for the Vis-NIR and SWIR systems, respectively, with the corresponding recall rates of 74.2% and 80.6% for infested fruit. Three alternative model pipelines were proposed by implementing oversampling of the minority (infested) fruit class and waveband selection, through an exhaustive search for optimal methods, resulting in improved detection performance. Oversampling was generally more effective than waveband selection for enhancing model performance, and their combination (oversampling followed by waveband selection) yielded the best classification, with PLS-DA remaining the best classifier. The Vis-NIR and SWIR systems achieved the best overall accuracies of 93.7% and 97.2%, respectively, with the corresponding recall rates of 85.9% and 95.7% for infested fruit. This research showed that hyperspectral imaging, especially in the SWIR range, is useful for rapid, non-destructive detection of SWD infestation in blueberry fruit.