bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified rod‐shaped calcium carbonate with thiols improving UV‐curing 3D printing resin
Authors: Huang Weibing , Luo Qinghong , Zhu Yong , Liu Xiaoxuan , Xiang Hongping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUV‐curing 3D printing technology is one of the additive manufacturing techniques with the best printing accuracy and efficiency, but its advance is being challenged by the high curing shrinkage, poor mechanical strength and low toughness of photosensitive resin. Herein, rod‐shaped calcium carbonate modified by γ‐mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane (RCa‐Si) is used to improve the 3D printing resin. After compositing with RCa‐Si, the photopolymerization conversion of resin is slightly decreased, but it is still possible to 3D print accurate samples with a warpage of 1.0%. By adjusting the grafting ratio of thiols and the content of resultant RCa‐Si, the maximum elastic modulus of 3D printed samples is increased from 990 to 1420 MPa, tensile strength is enhanced from 35 to 63 MPa, and impact strength is also increased from 2.1 to 4.6 kJ/m2, owing to its anchoring effect between printing layers. Moreover, the thermal decomposition temperature of 3D printed sample containing 1.0 wt% of RCa1‐Si1 is increased to 325°C, and its Vicat softening point temperature is also increased to 193°C. Therefore, the comprehensive properties of 3D printing resin can be greatly improved by modified rod‐shaped calcium carbonate with thiols, guaranteeing the future large‐scale applications.
Determination of residual stresses in amorphous thermoplastic polymers by DMA
Authors: Huskić Miroslav , Kusić Dragan , Pulko Irena , Nardin Blaž 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe processing of polymers and polymeric materials always leaves some residual stresses in the final product, which can have a positive but usually a negative effect on the properties of the final product. Polycarbonate was injection molded into the mold, which was heated to 50, 60, or 70°C to produce test specimens with different amounts of residual stresses. They were then annealed at various temperatures below Tg to partially remove the stresses or heated to 145°C (above Tg) to completely remove them. Comparison between annealed and as‐molded samples showed a strong influence of residual stresses on mechanical properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) analysis showed that the loss modulus can be divided into the intrinsic loss modulus, which is a material property, and the residual stress, which can be relaxed at a given temperature. The stress relaxation curve, obtained by subtracting the loss modulus of the annealed sample from the loss modulus of the as‐molded sample gives us the ability to estimate the residual stresses that have been or can still be relaxed by heating to a given temperature.
A rare case of partial skull and brain duplication in a hatchling Alligator mississippiensis
Authors: Pritz Michael B. , Elsey Ruth M. , Thompson Tyler N. , Hsu Edward W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractErrors in development occur in all vertebrates. When severe, these anomalies are lethal and frequently escape attention. In rare cases, animals with profound malformations are born and can provide a glimpse into structures and their respective function that would otherwise go unnoticed. A rare abnormality in a hatchling Alligator mississippiensis is described in which duplication of the skull, face, and brain was incomplete. The rostral skull, face, and associated forebrain, including the olfactory apparatus, were duplicated. However, the caudal skull and brainstem were not. These observations were made with advanced imaging using both computed tomography and magnetic resonance coupled with gross brain dissections. These abnormal features emphasize the complex and intertwined relationship between the development of the brain, face, and skull which are influenced by certain signaling molecules, possible gene mutation(s), and potential environmental factors.
The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia
Authors: Irwin Geoffrey , Flay Richard G.J. , Dudley Loughlin , Johns Dilys 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTScholarly estimates and opinions of the sailing performance of ancient Pacific canoes vary widely. This paper measures performance by testing real sails in a wind tunnel and hulls in a towing tank. The sails were three East Polynesian Oceanic spritsails of late eighteenth century type, held by the British Museum, collected from New Zealand, Tahiti and Hawaii/Marquesas, which conform to the first historical records. Also tested was a hypothetical generic ancestral sail, and the Māori sail was tested in different ways to accommodate different views. Tests of hull form found that upwind sailing performance improved as underwater hull profile changed from U‐shape to V‐shape and some archaeological hulls can be assigned to this scale. Velocity prediction programs (VPPs) were calculated for a range of different canoes and simulated voyages by the fourteenth century AD archaeological canoe (waka) found at Anaweka, New Zealand retraced real voyages made by the experimental Polynesian replica canoe Hōkūle'a between 1980 and 2000, in the same recorded weather. Both canoes could average speeds of up to four knots and sail upwind at 75° to the true wind angle (TWA), as proposed by Lewis and Finney. The paper identifies a package of technological innovations involved in the settlement of East Polynesia following the “long pause” in Pacific settlement in West Polynesia. Two innovations previously suggested by linguistics were the Oceanic spritsail and the double canoe, and a third was the development of complex composite planked hulls and V‐shaped underwater hull forms. East Polynesian canoes were capable of two‐way voyaging and some migrations were planned, as in the case of New Zealand.
Kinetic‐model‐based pathway optimization with application to reverse glycolysis in mammalian cells
Authors: Lu Yen‐An , Brien Conor M. O' , Mashek Douglas G. , Hu Wei‐Shou , Zhang Qi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, model‐based metabolic pathway optimization tools have been developed for the design of microorganisms to produce desired metabolites. However, few have considered more complex cellular systems such as mammalian cells, which requires the use of nonlinear kinetic models to capture the effects of concentration changes and cross‐regulatory interactions. In this study, we develop a new two‐stage pathway optimization framework based on kinetic models that incorporate detailed kinetics and regulation information. In Stage 1, a set of optimization problems are solved to identify and rank the enzymes that contribute the most to achieving the metabolic objective. Stage 2 then determines the optimal enzyme interventions for specified desired numbers of enzyme adjustments. It also incorporates multi‐scenario optimization, which allows the simultaneous consideration of multiple physiological conditions. We apply the proposed framework to find enzyme adjustments that enable a reverse glucose flow in cultured mammalian cells, thereby eliminating the need for glucose feed in the late culture stage and enhancing process robustness. The computational results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach; it not only captures the important regulations and key enzymes for reverse glycolysis but also identifies differences and commonalities in the metabolic requirements for different carbon sources.
Development of a UPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, 2‐hydroxy atorvastatin, and naringenin in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic interaction studies
Authors: Li Wenchao , Xu Xiaolan , Wang Simeng , Li Yingchao , Zhang Yawei , Zhang Tianhong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that the combination therapy of atorvastatin (ATV) with naringenin (NG) can offer meaningful benefits in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, while decreasing adverse side effects. To investigate whether there are pharmacokinetic interactions among ATV, its metabolite 2‐hydroxy atorvastatin (2‐ATV), and NG, in the current study, we developed and validated a simple, rapid, and specific UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine the concentrations of these analytes in the rat plasma. Sample preparation was performed using simple protein precipitation. Chromatographic analysis was carried out on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using gradient elution mode, and these three analytes were detected using a Xevo® TQD triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer, in the positive ion electrospray ionization interface. The developed method showed good linearity over the following concentrations in rat plasma samples: 3–1200 ng/ml (r = 0.9965) for ATV, 1.5–600 ng/ml (r = 0.9934) for 2‐ATV, and 3–1200 ng/ml (r = 0.9964) for NG. The assays were validated and satisfied the acceptance criteria recommended by U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Upon successful application of the method to a pharmacokinetic interaction study, the results indicated that NG significantly enhanced the bioavailability of ATV and 2‐ATV.
Bumetanide attenuates sevoflurane‐induced neuroapoptosis in the developing dentate gyrus and impaired behavior in the contextual fear discrimination learning test
Authors: Wei Kai , Liu Yiheng , Yang Xiamin , Liu Jin , Li Yuan , Deng Meng , Wang Yingwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionSevoflurane acts as a gamma‐aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor agonist and can induce widespread apoptosis of immature dentate granule cells in postnatal day 21 mice. The dentate granule cells of postnatal day 21 mice undergo a developmental stage when gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) shifts from inducing the depolarization of neurons to causing hyperpolarization. However, it is unclear whether sevoflurane induces apoptosis of immature granule cells by facilitating the depolarization or hyperpolarization of neurons.MethodsWe utilized bumetanide, an Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) antagonist, to determine whether the NKCC1‐mediated GABA depolarization of neurons plays a role in sevoflurane‐induced neuroapoptosis. We also investigated whether sevoflurane exposure is related to long‐term cognitive dysfunction in postnatal day 21 mice and explored the possible protective effects of bumetanide.ResultsBumetanide attenuated the sevoflurane‐induced apoptosis of dentate granule cells in postnatal day 21 mice. Exposure to sevoflurane at postnatal day 21 mice did not affect their motor ability or anxiety level, and it had no effect on spatial learning or memory functions. However, sevoflurane exposure at postnatal day 21 impaired the pattern separation ability in the contextual fear discrimination test; bumetanide mitigated this effect of sevoflurane as well.ConclusionBumetanide attenuates sevoflurane‐induced apoptosis and is a promising prospect for protecting against anesthesia‐induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain.
Metallic Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane Using CO2
Authors: Xing Feilong , Furukawa Shinya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe oxidative dehydrogenation of propane using CO2 (CO2−ODP) is a promising technique for realizing high‐yield propylene production and CO2 usage. Developing a highly efficient catalyst for CO2−ODP is essential and beneficial to the chemical industry and for realizing net‐zero emissions. Many studies have investigated metal oxide‐based catalysts, revealing that rapid deactivation and low selectivity remain limiting factors for their industrial applications. In recent years, metallic nanoparticle catalysts have become increasingly attractive due to their unique properties. Therefore, we summarize the performance of metal‐based catalysts in CO2−ODP reactions by considering catalyst design concepts, different mechanisms in the reaction process, and the role of CO2.
Walking Cations: Transition‐Metal Free Benzyl Cation‐Triggered sp2 C—H Phosphorylation and Etherification
Authors: Liu Kuan , Song Bin , Dang Qi , Liu Long , Tang Jie , Huang Tianzeng , Li Chunya , Tang Zhi , Chen Tieqiao 
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA novel benzyl cation‐triggered site‐selective sp2 C—H phosphorylation and etherification was developed. This reaction was conducted under the transition metal‐free conditions through cation migration via dearomatization. Under the reaction conditions, the derivatives of naphthalenes, benzofurans and benzo[b]thiophenes all can be transformed into the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. It provides a method to construct sp2 C—P and sp2 C—O bonds as well as a new strategy for benzylic activation‐triggered sp2 C—H functionalization.
Recycling and Upgrading Utilization of Polymer Plastics†
Authors: Hu Huilin , Chen Yana , You Feng , Yao Junlong , Yang Huan , Jiang Xueliang , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive SummaryDue to the current situation of massive waste consumption and accumulation, the recycling and upgrading utilization of polymer materials is an effective technology to solve environmental pollution. In this work, the recycling and upgrading methods of polymers are summarized, and the latest progress in polymer upcycling is discussed from the perspective of upgrading materials. The common polymer recovery methods, including mechanical recovery, chemical recovery, biocatalysis, and photocatalytic recovery, are discussed based on their mechanism and industrialized application. The upgrading products of polymers are divided into monomers, fuels and fine chemicals. The challenges and prospects of polymer degradation technology are discussed.
Considerations for Use of Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers to Support Biosimilar Development – (II) A Randomized Trial with IL‐5 Antagonists
Authors: Gershuny Victoria , Sun Qin , Schrieber Sarah J. , Matta Murali K. , Weaver James L. , Ji Ping , Sheikhy Morasa , Hsiao Cheng‐Hui , Vegesna Giri , Shah Aanchal , Prentice Kristin , Deering Jennifer , Wang Yow‐Ming , Strauss David G. , Florian Jeffry 
Published: October 2022

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance describes how pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers can be used to address residual uncertainty and demonstrate no clinically meaningful differences between a proposed biosimilar and its reference product without relying on clinical efficacy end point(s). Pilot studies and modeling can inform dosing for such PD studies. To that end, we conducted a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, single‐dose, parallel‐arm clinical study in healthy participants to evaluate approaches to address information gaps, inform best practices for analysis of biomarker samples and study results, and apply emerging technologies in biomarker characterization. Seventy‐two healthy participants (n = 8 per arm) received either placebo or 1 of 4 doses of the interleukin‐5 inhibitors mepolizumab (3–24 mg) or reslizumab (0.1–0.8 mg/kg). A clinical study using doses lower than approved therapeutic doses was combined with modeling and simulation to evaluate the dose–response relationship of the biomarker eosinophils. There was no dose–response relationship for eosinophil counts due to variability, although the mepolizumab 24 mg and reslizumab 0.8 mg/kg doses showed clear effects. Published indirect‐response models were used to explore eosinophil data across doses from this study and the unstudied therapeutic doses. Simulations were used to calculate typical PD metrics, such as baseline‐adjusted area under the effect curve and maximum change from baseline. The simulation results demonstrate sensitivity of eosinophils as a PD biomarker and indicate doses lower than the approved doses would have PD responses overlapping with variability in the placebo arm. The simulation results further highlight the utility of model‐based approaches in supporting use of PD biomarkers in biosimilar development.
Hydrogen Bond Activation by Pyridinic Nitrogen for the High Proton Conductivity of Covalent Triazine Framework Loaded with H3PO4
Authors: Liu Manying , Deng Wei‐Hua , Wang Xueqing , Liu Jing , Jin Shangbin , Xu Gang , Tan Bien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnder high temperature anhydrous conditions, it is still a formidable challenge to improve the performance of proton‐conducting materials based on H3PO4 and elucidate its proton conduction mechanism. Herein, a highly stable covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) based on H3PO4 is reported. The more pyridinic nitrogen CTFs contain, the higher proton conductivity is. Compared with H3PO4@CTF−L with less pyridinic nitrogen, H3PO4@CTF−H has a higher proton conductivity of 1.6×10−1 S cm−1 at 150 °C under anhydrous conditions, which does not decay after about 18 months exposure in air. The high proton conductivity is associated with the formation and breaking of the activated Ntriazine⋯H+⋯H2PO4− pairs by pyridinic nitrogen of CTFs. The outstanding long‐term stability is mainly attributed to the ultra‐strong triazine skeleton structure of CTFs.
Simplifying the design of harmonic‐suppressing power amplifiers adopting capacitance‐splitting method
Authors: Han Kefeng , Geng Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an effective strategy for harmonic‐suppressing power amplifier (HS‐PA) design is proposed. To ease the design of HS‐PAs with harmonic‐suppressing output matching networks (HS‐OMN), the capacitance‐splitting method is proposed to tactically incorporate harmonic‐reflecting λ/4 stubs into the HS‐OMN. Benefits from the proposed method, normally complex iterative tunings on HS‐OMN parameters are avoided in implementing HS‐PAs. Two prototype designs are presented to verify the effectiveness and generality of the proposed methodology. One prototype operates in Class AB, which achieves saturated output powers of 47.8 ± 0.2 dBm, peak efficiencies of 70 ± 3%, and harmonic suppressing ratios of better than 70 dB on both the second and third harmonics over 2.3–2.7 GHz. Another prototype is a Doherty HS‐PA, which achieves a saturated output power of 43.2 dBm, saturated/6 dB back‐off efficiencies of 77%/63%, and suppression ratio of better than 60 dB on both the 2nd and 3rd harmonics at 1.95 GHz.
An energy‐efficient level shifter based on a differential cascade voltage switch structure
Authors: Zhang Haineng , Liu Zhongyang , Bi Dawei , Zhang Zhengxuan , Xiao Zhiyi , Dai Ruofan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on differential cascade voltage switch architecture, this paper proposes a level shifter with optimized energy consumption, constructed by stacking diode‐connected NMOS and PMOS transistors and splitting input signals of the two output stages. Eventually, the overlap time of input signals of the two output stages has been reduced, during which there is a considerable short‐current from high voltage source to ground. When implemented in a 110 nm CMOS process, post‐layout netlist simulations show that the proposed level shifter exhibits a 2.31 ns switching delay and 819 fJ energy consumption when converting a 1.5 V input signal into 4.5 V with 10 MHz operational frequency and 15 fF output load.
Laguerre polynomial function‐based inverter control with low‐voltage ride‐through capabilities
Authors: Pandey Amarendra , Singh Alka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work discusses the design of a Laguerre polynomial (LP)‐based control technique to govern the functioning of a single‐phase grid connected to a voltage source converter (VSC). The controller is trained online using the least means square (LMS) approach to compute the load fundamental current. The controller is designed to alleviate power quality (PQ) issues and work in different modes. Apart from the normal operation mode, the controller is provided with an additional capability to ride over voltage sags caused by grid faults. During this low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) mode, the VSC injects the required reactive power to grid. The work demonstrates the results under normal grid conditions when the system can function in unity power factor (UPF) as well as in abnormal grid conditions when it needs to operate in LVRT mode. Extensive simulation and experimental results under various cases have been discussed with the proposed LP‐based controller to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
A modified Cued Recall Test for detecting prodromal AD in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Hartley Sigan , Hom Christy , Pulsifer Margaret , Clare Isabel C.H. , Handen Benjamin L. , Lott Ira T. , Schupf Nicole , Silverman Wayne ,   for the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium—Down Syndrome (ABC‐DS) Investigators
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe development of valid methods to diagnose prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adults with Down syndrome (DS) is one of the many goals of the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Consortium—Down Syndrome (ABC‐DS).MethodsThe diagnostic utility of a modified Cued Recall Test (mCRT) was evaluated in 332 adults with DS ranging from 25 to 81 years of age. Total recall was selected a priori, as the primary indicator of performance. Multiple regression and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to compare diagnostic groups.ResultsPerformance on the mCRT, as indicated by the total recall score, was highly sensitive to differences between diagnostic groups. ROC areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.843 to 0.955, were observed.,DiscussionThe mCRT has strong empirical support for its use in clinical settings, as a valuable tool in studies targeting biomarkers of AD, and as a potential outcome measure in clinical trials targeting AD in this high‐risk population.
Knockdown of IGF2BP3 inhibits the tumorigenesis of gallbladder cancer and modifies tumor microenvironment
Authors: Qin Yiyu , Zhang Mingdi , Lei Haiming , Wu Hongyan , Huang Cheng , Zhou Xin , Fu Yang , Weng Mingzhe , Ma Mingzhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) ranks seventh among the gastrointestinal cancers. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) could regulate the progression of GBC. For the purpose of exploring the targets for GBC treatment, RNA sequencing was used to identify the differential expressed mRNAs between GBC and adjacent tissues. Next, CCK8 assay was used to assess the cell viability, and cell proliferation was investigated by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the cell apoptosis. Protein and mRNA expression were analyzed by western blot and RT‐qPCR, respectively. Transwell was performed to evaluate the cell metastasis. GBC‐derived exosomes were isolated with ultracentrifugation. To evaluate the function of exosomes in GBC, in vivo model of GBC was constructed. The data revealed IGF2BP3 was identified to be upregulated in GBC, and IGF2BP3 silencing was able to decrease GBC cell proliferation by promoting the apoptosis. The migration and invasion of GBC cells were reduced by IGF2BP3 knockdown. Silencing of IGF2BP3 obviously suppressed the level of p‐STAT3 in GBC cells. Meanwhile, GBC cell‐derived exosomes notably promoted macrophage M2 polarization via carrying IGF2BP3, and then the polarized macrophages promoted the malignant behavior of GBC cells. Furthermore, exosomes markedly promoted the tumor growth of GBC via promoting macrophage M2 polarization. In summary, knockdown of IGF2BP3 suppressed the malignant behavior of GBC cells. Additionally, knockdown of IGF2BP3 modified tumor microenvironment during the progression of GBC. Thus, these findings might provide a new theoretical basis for exploring a strategies against GBC.