bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Winning” the Forever Wars? Presidential Rhetoric and US Ontological (In)Security
Authors: Hall Jonny 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Like success at the individual level, ideas of “winning” and “victory” in war have reaffirmed American exceptionalism, its place in the world, and its ontological security. This has been true in response to both policy successes and failures. As other studies have noted, the indeterminacy and longevity of the War on Terror has brought US perceptions of order and control into question, thus generating widespread ontological insecurity. Conducting a discourse analysis of the rhetoric of Presidents Bush, Obama, and Trump, this paper is the first to explore how the ideas of “winning” and “victory” have manifested themselves in political discourse on a national scale. All presidents utilized different components of American identity narratives for their own political purposes, but the inability to produce results commensurate with previous American wars produced significant national ontological insecurity in each case. Accordingly, this paper has implications for politics and policy. Contrary to scholarship that predicts that presidents will avoid predicting unrealistically short conflicts against transnational terrorist groups, the paper shows how the unique promise of ontological security associated with “victory” encourages presidents to use the decisive language of interstate warfare. However, the realities of postmodern war and great power competition mean that presidents will ultimately be unable to create a consensus around what “winning” or “victory” might look like in these conflicts, thus producing widespread ontological insecurity. In that way, the paper illustrates the significance of identity-based issues in policy evaluation processes.
Liposomal amphotericin B—the past
Authors: Brüggemann R J , Jensen G M , Lass-Flörl C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The discovery of amphotericin B, a polyene antifungal compound, in the 1950s, and the formulation of this compound in a liposomal drug delivery system, has resulted in decades of use in systemic fungal infections. The use of liposomal amphotericin B formulation is referenced in many international guidelines for the treatment of fungal infections such as Aspergillus and cryptococcal disease and Candida infections, as well as other less common infections such as visceral leishmaniasis. With the development of liposomal amphotericin B, an improved therapeutic index could be achieved that allowed the attainment of higher drug concentrations in both the plasma and tissue while simultaneously lowering the toxicity compared with amphotericin B deoxycholate. In over 30 years of experience with this drug, a vast amount of information has been collected on preclinical and clinical efficacy against a wide variety of pathogens, as well as evidence on its toxicity. This article explores the history and nature of the liposomal formulation, the key clinical studies that developed the pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profile of the liposomal formulation, and the available microbiological data.
Extraction of phase information approximating the demagnetization field within a thin-foiled magnet using electron holography observation
Authors: Lee Sujin , Sato Atsuko , Tamaoka Takehiro , Yubuta Kunio , Auchi Mitsunari , Sasaki Taisuke , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hono Kazuhiro , Murakami Yasukazu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a method that provides a phase image related to the demagnetization field (Hd) within a thin-foil permanent magnet using electron holography. The observation of Hd remains a significant challenge because electron holography in principle allows only imaging of the magnetic flux density (B), which is a mixture of the contributions from magnetization (M), stray magnetic field (Hs) outside of the specimen and Hd inside of the specimen. The phase map approximating Hd, which was determined by processing of the electron holography observation from a Nd2Fe14B single-crystalline specimen, showed a good agreement with the prediction by micromagnetic theory. With respect to permanent magnets, this method can be applied to examinations about the coercivity mechanism, which is sensitive to the demagnetization field.
Graphical Abstract
The significance of double mandibular osteotomy for surgical treatment of large aneurysm of internal carotid artery above mandibular angle. A case report and literature review
Authors: Tilaveridis Ioannis , Tatsis Dimitris , Venetis Gregory , Trelopoulos Georgios , Mylonas Anastasios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to report a case of an unusual large aneurysm of the internal carotid approached with a doubly mandibular osteotomy in order to prove the significance and the excellent result of the specified surgical procedure because of the cooperation of maxillofacial and vascular surgeons. The double mandibular osteotomy is described, as well as the bypass of the aneurysm and the anastomosis of the peripheral edges of the artery. The double mandibular osteotomy can deliver the internal carotid artery from the bifurcation to its entrance to the skull base through the carotid canal and can offer the opportunity to the vascular surgeon to perform the anastomosis easily, quickly and safely.
Article 17
Authors: Boerefijn Ineke , Fraser Julie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter assesses Article 17 of the Convention, which provides for the establishment of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. Article 17 resembles the provisions establishing the other United Nations human rights treaty monitoring bodies, with a noteworthy difference in the envisaged enlargement of the Committee from eighteen to twenty-three members after the thirty-fifth ratification. The primary function of the Committee envisaged in the Convention is to consider States parties’ progress in implementing the Convention by means of the reporting procedure (Article 18), which was later supplemented by the individual communications and inquiry procedures of the Optional Protocol. Since 1987, the Committee has participated in the meetings of Chairpersons of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies, a forum in which problems that the treaty bodies have in common are discussed and where working methods are streamlined. These meetings have impacted upon the work of the Committee and vice versa.
Article 20
Authors: Boerefijn Ineke , Fraser Julie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Article 20 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which sets the frequency and location of the Committee’s sessions. It limits the Committee’s meeting time to one session of a maximum of two weeks. This is unique in the UN human rights treaty system; none of the other treaties prescribes the monitoring body’s meeting time. As the number of States parties increased, one annual two-week meeting rapidly turned out to be clearly inadequate for consideration of all the reports and the Committee’s other work. This became even more problematic after the Optional Protocol entered into force in December 2000. Additional meeting time has been granted to the Committee on the basis of General Assembly resolutions, with the Committee now meeting forty-five days a year instead of the ten originally planned.
Article 25
Authors: Kroworsch Susann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 25 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Article 25 stipulates the procedures required to become a party to the Convention through signature and ratification; it also allows for accession which, in practice, includes succession. The Convention was adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in resolution 34/180 on 18 December 1979 and was opened for signature at the Copenhagen Conference on 17 July 1980, where sixty-four States signed it. As of 31 December 2021, 189 States have become parties to the Convention, 99 States by means of signature and ratification, 85 States by accession, and 8 States by way of succession. By signing the Convention, the State party is obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose of a treaty. Article 25 also declares the UN Secretary-General (UN SG) as the depositary.
Anti-Candida auris activity in vitro and in vivo of micafungin loaded nanoemulsions
Authors: Marena Gabriel Davi , Carvalho Gabriela Corrêa , dos Santos Ramos Matheus Aparecido , Chorilli Marlus , Bauab Tais Maria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fungi are becoming increasingly resistant, especially the new strains. Therefore, this work developed nanoemulsions (NE) containing micafungin (MICA), in order to improve its action against infections caused by Candida auris. The NEs were composed of the surfactants polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (Brij 58®)/soy phosphatidylcholine at 10%, sunflower oil/cholesterol at 10%, and 80% PBS. The NEs were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). For the microbiological in vitro evaluation the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), ergosterol/sorbitol, time kill and biofilms tests were performed. Additionally, the antifungal activity was also evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model. The same model was used in order to evaluate acute toxicity. The NE showed a size of ∼ 42.12 nm, a polydispersion index (PDI) of 0.289, and a zeta potential (ZP) of −3.86 mV. NEM had an average size of 41.29 nm, a PDI of 0.259, and a ZP of −4.71 mV. Finally, both nanoemulsions showed good stability in a storage period of 3 months. Although NEM did not show activity in planktonic cells, it exhibited action against biofilm and in the in vivo infection model. In the alternative in vivo model assay, it was possible to observe that both, NEM and free MICA at 0.2 mg/l, was effective against the infection, being that NEM presented a better action. Finally, NEM and free MICA showed no acute toxicity up to 4 mg/l. NEM showed the best activities in in vitro in mature antibiofilm and in alternative in vivo models in G. mellonella. Although, NEs showed to be attractive for MICA transport in the treatment of infections caused by C. auris in vitro and in vivo studies with G. mellonella, further studies should be carried out, in mice, for example.
BUDH iES V: the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation at z = 0.2 based on direct H i detections
Authors: Gogate A R , Verheijen M A W , van der Hulst J M , Jaffé Y L 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present H i-based B- and R-band Tully–Fisher relations (TFRs) and the Baryonic TFR (BTFR) at z = 0.2 using direct H i detections from the Blind Ultra-Deep H i Environmental Survey (BUDH iES). Deep photometry from the Isaac Newton Telescope was used for 36 out of 166 H i sources, matching the quality criteria required for a robust TFR analysis. Two velocity definitions at 20 and 50 per cent of the peak flux were measured from the global H i profiles and adopted as proxies for the circular velocities. We compare our results with an identically constructed z= 0 TFR from the Ursa Major association (UMa) of galaxies. To ensure an unbiased comparison of the TFR, all the samples were treated identically regarding sample selection and applied corrections. We provide catalogues and an atlas showcasing the properties of the galaxies. Our analysis is focused on the zero points of the TFR and BTFR with their slopes fixed to the z = 0 relation. Our main results are: (1) The BUDH iES galaxies show more asymmetric H i profiles with shallower wings compared to the UMa galaxies, which is likely due to the environment in which they reside, (2) The luminosity-based z= 0.2 TFRs are brighter and bluer than the z = 0 TFRs, even when cluster galaxies are excluded from the BUDH iES sample, (3) The BTFR shows no evolution in its zero point over the past 2.5 billion yr and does not significantly change on the inclusion of cluster galaxies, and (4) proper sample selection and consistent corrections are crucial for an unbiased analysis of the evolution of the TFR.
Two decades of optical timing of the shortest-period binary star system HM Cancri
Authors: Munday James , Marsh T R , Hollands Mark , Pelisoli Ingrid , Steeghs Danny , Hakala Pasi , Breedt Elmé , Brown Alex , Dhillon V S , Dyer Martin J , Green Matthew , Kerry Paul , Littlefair S P , Parsons Steven G , Sahman Dave , Somjit Sorawit , Sukaum Boonchoo , Wild James 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The shortest-period binary star system known to date, RX J0806.3+1527 (HM Cancri), has now been observed in the optical for more than two decades. Although it is thought to be a double degenerate binary undergoing mass transfer, an early surprise was that its orbital frequency, f0, is currently increasing as the result of gravitational wave radiation. This is unusual since it was expected that the mass donor was degenerate and would expand on mass loss, leading to a decreasing f0. We exploit two decades of high-speed photometry to precisely quantify the trajectory of HM Cancri, allowing us to find that $\ddot{f}_0$ is negative, where $\ddot{f}_0~=~(-5.38\pm 2.10)\times 10^{-27}$ Hz s−2. Coupled with our positive frequency derivative, we show that mass transfer is counteracting gravitational-wave dominated orbital decay and that HM Cancri will turn around within 2100 ± 800 yr from now. We present Hubble Space Telescope ultra-violet spectra which display Lyman-α absorption, indicative of the presence of hydrogen accreted from the donor star. We use these pieces of information to explore a grid of permitted donor and accretor masses with the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics suite, finding models in good accordance with many of the observed properties for a cool and initially hydrogen-rich extremely low mass white dwarf (≈0.17 M⊙) coupled with a high-accretor mass white dwarf (≈1.0 M⊙). Our measurements and models affirm that HM Cancri is still one of the brightest verification binaries for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna spacecraft.
Cluster cosmology with anisotropic boosts: validation of a novel forward modelling analysis and application on SDSS redMaPPer clusters
Authors: Park Youngsoo , Sunayama Tomomi , Takada Masahiro , Kobayashi Yosuke , Miyatake Hironao , More Surhud , Nishimichi Takahiro , Sugiyama Sunao 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a novel analysis for cluster cosmology that fully forward models the abundances, weak lensing, and the clustering of galaxy clusters. Our analysis notably includes an empirical model for the anisotropic boosts impacting the lensing and clustering signals of optical clusters. These boosts arise from a preferential selection of clusters surrounded by anisotropic large-scale structure, a consequence of the limited discrimination between line-of-sight interlopers and true cluster members offered by photometric surveys. We validate our analysis via a blind cosmology challenge on mocks, and find that we can obtain tight and unbiased cosmological constraints without informative priors or external calibrations on any of our model parameters. We then apply our analysis on the SDSS redMaPPer clusters, and find results favoring low Ωm and high σ8, combining to yield the lensing strength constraint $S_8 = 0.715_{-0.021}^{+0.024}$. We investigate potential drivers behind these results through a series of post-unblinding tests, noting that our results are consistent with existing cluster cosmology constraints but clearly inconsistent with other CMB/LSS based cosmology results. From these tests, we find hints that a suppression in the cluster lensing signal may be driving our results.
Varying-G gravity: physical properties, asymptotic regimes, and Green’s functions, an event horizon, the vacuum energy density, and the external pressure that modifies Jeans stability
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M , Kazanas Demosthenes 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We study varying-G gravity and we add the necessary proofs (general force law, asymptotic forms, and Green’s functions, vacuum and external pressures, linearization of perturbations leading to a new Jeans stability criterion, and a physical origin) to elevate this novel idea to the status of a classical theory. The theory we lay out is not merely a correction to Newtonian gravity, it is a brand-new theory of gravity that encompasses the Newtonian framework and weak-field Weyl gravity in the limit of high accelerations, as well as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) in the opposite limit. In varying-G gravity, the source of the potential of a spherical mass distribution M(x) is σ(dG/dx) + (G/x2)(dM/dx), where x is the dimensionless radial coordinate and σ(x) = M(x)/x2 is the surface density away from the center x = 0. We calculate the potential $\Phi (x)=\int {G(x)\, \sigma (x)\, dx}$ from Poisson’s equation and the radial acceleration $a(x) = G(x)\, \sigma (x)$. Furthermore, a non-linear scaling transformation of the radial coordinate $x\in (0, \infty)\longmapsto \xi \in (0, 1)$ with scale factor ξ/x ∝ 1/G produces a finite space, in which the spherical surface ξ = 1 is an event horizon. In this classical context, it is the coupling of σ(x) to the gradient dG/dx in the above source that modifies the dynamics at all astrophysical scales, including empty space (where dG/dx ≠ 0). In vacuum, the source σ(dG/dx) supports an energy density distribution that supplies a repelling pressure gradient outside of discrete isolated massive systems. Surprisingly, the same source becomes attractive in linearized perturbations, and its linear pressure gradient opposes the kinetic terms in the Jeans stability criterion.
Investigating non-linear and stochastic hard X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei using recurrence analysis
Authors: Phillipson R A , Vogeley M S , Boyd P T 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results of recurrence analysis of 46 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using light curves from the 157-month catalogue of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) in the 14–150 keV band. We generate recurrence plots and compute recurrence plot metrics for each object. We use the surrogate data method to compare all derived recurrence-based quantities to three sets of stochastic light curves with identical power spectrum, flux distribution, or both, in order to determine the presence of determinism, non-linearity, entropy, and non-stationarity. We compare these quantities with known physical characteristics of each system, such as black hole mass, Eddington ratio, and bolometric luminosity, radio loudness, obscuration, and spectroscopic type. We find that almost all AGNs in this sample exhibit substantial higher order modes of variability than is contained in the power spectrum, with approximately half exhibiting non-linear or non-stationary behaviour. We find that Type 2 AGNs are more likely to contain deterministic variability than Type 1 AGNs, while the same distinction is not found between obscured and unobscured AGNs. The complexity of variability among Type 1 AGNs is anticorrelated with Eddington ratio, while no relationship is found among Type 2 AGNs. The connections between the recurrence properties and AGN class suggest that hard X-ray emission is a probe of distinct accretion processes among classes of AGNs, which supports interpretations of changing-look AGNs and challenges the traditional unification model that classifies AGNs only on viewing angle.
The dark side of galaxy stellar populations – II. The dependence of star-formation histories on halo mass and on the scatter of the main sequence
Authors: Scholz-Díaz Laura , Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Falcón-Barroso Jesús 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Nearby galaxies are the end result of their cosmological evolution, which is predicted to be influenced by the growth of their host dark matter haloes. This co-evolution potentially leaves signatures in present-day observed galaxy properties, which might be essential to further understand how the growth and properties of galaxies are connected to those of their host haloes. In this work, we study the evolutionary histories of nearby galaxies both in terms of their host haloes and the scatter of the star-forming main sequence by investigating their time-resolved stellar populations using absorption optical spectra drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that galaxy star-formation histories depend on the masses of their host haloes, and hence they shape the evolution of the star-forming main sequence over cosmic time. Additionally, we also find that the scatter around the z = 0 star-forming main sequence is not (entirely) stochastic, as galaxies with currently different star-formation rates have experienced, on average, different star-formation histories. Our findings suggest that dark matter haloes might play a key role in modulating the evolution of star formation in galaxies, and thus of the main sequence, and further demonstrate that galaxies at different evolutionary stages contribute to the observed scatter of this relation.
Shattering and growth of cold clouds in galaxy clusters: the role of radiative cooling, magnetic fields, and thermal conduction
Authors: Jennings Fred , Beckmann Ricarda S , Sijacki Debora , Dubois Yohan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
In galaxy clusters, the hot intracluster medium (ICM) can develop a striking multiphase structure around the brightest cluster galaxy. Much work has been done on understanding the origin of this central nebula, but less work has studied its eventual fate after the originally filamentary structure is broken into individual cold clumps. In this paper, we perform a suite of 30 (magneto)hydrodynamical simulations of kpc-scale cold clouds with typical parameters as found by galaxy cluster simulations, to understand whether clouds are mixed back into the hot ICM or can persist. We investigate the effects of radiative cooling, small-scale heating, magnetic fields, and (anisotropic) thermal conduction on the long-term evolution of clouds. We find that filament fragments cool on time-scales shorter than the crushing time-scale, fall out of pressure equilibrium with the hot medium, and shatter, forming smaller clumplets. These act as nucleation sites for further condensation, and mixing via Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, causing cold gas mass to double within 75 Myr. Cloud growth depends on density, as well as on local heating processes, which determine whether clouds undergo ablation- or shattering-driven evolution. Magnetic fields slow down but do not prevent cloud growth, with the evolution of both cold and warm phase sensitive to the field topology. Counterintuitively, anisotropic thermal conduction increases the cold gas growth rate compared to non-conductive clouds, leading to larger amounts of warm phase as well. We conclude that dense clumps on scales of 500 pc or more cannot be ignored when studying the long-term cooling flow evolution of galaxy clusters.