bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species composition of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Patagonian Argentinian deep sea, including seven new records: connectivity with sub-Antarctic and Antarctic fauna
Authors: Hurtado-García Jennifer , Manjón-Cabeza M. Eugenia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe main target of this paper is to improve the knowledge of the species composition of sea stars in Patagonian Argentine deep sea reaching depths of 2062 m. In addition, these results offer us the opportunity to analyze the possible connections between Argentinian marine fauna and adjacent Antarctic areas that have become a topic of interest in the past few years. This work is based on Atlantic Projects’ surveys carried out on an atypical and especially vulnerable marine ecosystems (canyons created from craters collapse by gas leaks). These are profusely impacted by frequent fishing activities, being one of the most important and international fishing grounds, where 887 records (1878 specimens) of 41 species of asteroids were collected in 217 stations ranging from 219 to 2062 m in depth. Seven of those species are proposed as new records: (Diplasterias octoradiata (Studer 1885), Plutonaster bifrons (Wyville Thomson, 1873), Radiaster elegans Perrier, 1881, Anseropoda antarctica Fisher, 1940, Pillsburiaster calvus Mah, 2011, Paralophaster lorioli (Koehler, 1907), Pteraster flabellifer Mortensen 1933). After refining the database built from literature and open-access databases such as OBIS and AntBIF, the new Argentinian asteroids deep-water checklist contains 2198 records from 64 asteroids species including the 7 new records proposed. Most of these 64 species (89.06%) are present in Antarctic-adjacent waters, and after the study of their occurrences at traditional biogeographic entities, our results support the hypothesis that Argentinian waters (in the case of the class Asteroidea) should be considered part of the sub-Antarctic entity.
Sensitivity of virtual non-contrast dual-energy CT urogram for detection of urinary calculi: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCoombe Katherine , Dobeli Karen , Meikle Steven , Llewellyn Stacey , Kench Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
To determine the sensitivity of dual-energy (DE) virtual non-contrast computed tomography (vNCT), generated from the excretory phase of a CT urogram, compared to true non-contrast CT (tNCT) for the detection of urinary calculi.

Methods
A search of multiple medical literature databases was performed using predetermined search terms. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and bias risk was assessed by two independent reviewers using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) tool. Collated estimates of sensitivity were generated, and sources of heterogeneity were identified and reviewed.

Results
Thirteen studies (1760 patients; 1740 urinary calculi) were included for sensitivity assessment. Pooled sensitivity for urinary calculi on vNCT was 78.1% (95% CI: 70.2 to 85.0%); however, heterogeneity between studies was very high (I2 = 92.0%). Sources of heterogeneity between studies were explored through subgroup analysis by categorising studies according to slice thickness (≥ 2 mm and < 2 mm), use of oral hydration, and use of intravenous furosemide. Pooled sensitivity for detection of urinary calculi on vNCT for studies that used oral hydration and < 2 mm slice thickness was 92.2% (95% CI: 89.5 to 94.5%). Pooled specificity was not performed as true negatives were not reported in most studies. Potential sources of bias were identified in included studies.

Conclusion
vNCT demonstrated a moderate pooled sensitivity compared to tNCT for the detection of urinary calculi in split bolus CT urogram protocols. However, subgroup analysis suggests higher sensitivity when employing oral hydration and < 2 mm slice thickness or increment.

Key Points
• vNCT demonstrated moderate pooled sensitivity for the detection of urinary calculi in split bolus CT urogram protocols.
• Subgroup analysis suggested higher sensitivity with oral hydration and < 2 mm slice thickness or increment.
Energy- and charge-state-resolved spectrometry of tin laser-produced plasma using a retarding field energy analyzer
Authors: Poirier L. , Lassise A. , Mostafa Y. , Behnke L. , Braaksma N. , Assink L. , Hoekstra R. , Versolato O. O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a method to obtain the individual charge-state-dependent kinetic-energy distributions of tin ions emanating from a laser-produced plasma from their joint overlapping energy distributions measured by means of a retarding field energy analyzer (RFA). The method of extracting charge state specific parameters from the ion signals is described mathematically, and reinforced with experimental results. The absolute charge-state-resolved ion energy distributions is obtained from ns-pulse Nd:YAG-laser-produced microdroplet tin plasmas in a setting relevant for state-of-the-art extreme ultraviolet nanolithography.
Locally refined quad meshing for linear elasticity problems based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Chan Chiu Ling , Scholz Felix , Takacs Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose a method to generate suitably refined finite element meshes using neural networks. As a model problem we consider a linear elasticity problem on a planar domain (possibly with holes) having a polygonal boundary. We impose boundary conditions by fixing the position of a part of the boundary and applying a force on another part of the boundary. The resulting displacement and distribution of stresses depend on the geometry of the domain and on the boundary conditions. When applying a standard Galerkin discretization using quadrilateral finite elements, one usually has to perform adaptive refinement to properly resolve maxima of the stress distribution. Such an adaptive scheme requires a local error estimator and a corresponding local refinement strategy. The overall costs of such a strategy are high. We propose to reduce the costs of obtaining a suitable discretization by training a neural network whose evaluation replaces this adaptive refinement procedure. We set up a single network for a large class of possible domains and boundary conditions and not on a single domain of interest. The computational domain and boundary conditions are interpreted as images, which are suitable inputs for convolution neural networks. In our approach we use the U-net architecture and we devise training strategies by dividing the possible inputs into different categories based on their overall geometric complexity. Thus, we compare different training strategies based on varying geometric complexity. One of the advantages of the proposed approach is the interpretation of input and output as images, which do not depend on the underlying discretization scheme. Another is the generalizability and geometric flexibility. The network can be applied to previously unseen geometries, even with different topology and level of detail. Thus, training can easily be extended to other classes of geometries.
Extended high-frequency audiometry: hearing thresholds in adults
Authors: Škerková Michaela , Kovalová Martina , Rychlý Tomáš , Tomášková Hana , Šlachtová Hana , Čada Zdeněk , Maďar Rastislav , Mrázková Eva 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine hearing thresholds in an otologically normal population without occupational noise exposure aged 18 to 64 years using extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA).

Methods
Individuals from the general population who have never had hearing problems and whose job was not associated with noise exposure were included in the study and classified by age into 5 categories: 18–24 and, further, by 10 years of age. Each of these groups was further divided according to gender. All subjects underwent tympanometry, conventional pure-tone audiometry within the 0.125–8 kHz range, and extended high-frequency audiometry within the 9–16 kHz range, performed according to the standards. The significance level for statistical testing was set at 5%.

Results
Here, we established hearing thresholds in an otologically healthy population within the extended high-frequency (EHF) range (9–16 kHz). We found the EHFA to be a highly sensitive method for early detection of hearing loss, with hearing thresholds decreasing as soon as 35 years of age. In males, the hearing thresholds grew with age more rapidly than in women. The ability to respond at EHF gradually decreased with age and increasing frequency.

Conclusion
Our results can help improve the knowledge of EHF hearing thresholds for individual sexes and age groups. So far, the standard 7029:2017 is not binding and, moreover, it only reaches up to the frequency of 12.5 kHz. EHFA is a highly sensitive method for the evaluation of hearing loss depending on age and sex.
Early prevention and risk factors analysis of portal vein system thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization
Authors: Li Yongning , Fu Xueqin , Li Ying , Liu Peng , Liu Songbai , Pan Yaozhen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Portal vein system thrombosis (PVST) is a common postoperative complication brought by laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial disconnection (LSD) among patients who suffered from portal hypertension and hypersplenism. This research lies mainly in probing into the risk factors of PVST and evaluating the effects of warfarin on PVST prevention.

Materials and methods
We took 131 individuals who have carried out LSD from January 2015 to January 2021. Patients were divided into warfarin group (n = 68) and aspirin group (n = 63). Meanwhile, thrombosis factors were analyzed in PVST arm (n = 48) and non-PVST arm (n = 83).

Results
We analyzed the early postoperative anticoagulation effect, 20 patients (29.4%) in the warfarin group developed PVST, and 28 patients (44.4%) in the aspirin group. The chance to PVST during the first year after operation was lower in the warfarin group than in the aspirin group (F = 13.43, P = 0.006). Risk factors for PVST were analyzed, and diabetes, the diameter of the portal vein and splenic vein, and the velocity of portal blood flow were statistically significant between the PVST arm and non-PVST arm (P <  < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analyses have shown that diabetes, portal vein diameter, splenic vein diameter, and the velocity of portal blood flow were the risk factors of PVST.

Conclusions
The portal vein diameter, splenic vein diameter, portal vein flow velocity, and diabetes are risk factors for the PVST after LSD. The prophylactic use of warfarin anticoagulation markedly decreases the probability of occurrence of the PVST in patients with portal hypertension after LSD compared to aspirin.

Graphical abstract
Quantifying risks avoided by limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2 °C above pre-industrial levels
Authors: Warren Rachel , Andrews Oliver , Brown Sally , Colón-González Felipe J. , Forstenhäusler Nicole , Gernaat David E. H. J. , Goodwin P. , Harris Ian , He Yi , Hope Chris , Manful Desmond , Osborn Timothy J. , Price Jeff , Van Vuuren Detlef , Wright Rebecca Mary 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Paris Agreement aims to constrain global warming to ‘well below 2 °C’ and to ‘pursue efforts’ to limit it to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. We quantify global and regional risk-related metrics associated with these levels of warming that capture climate change–related changes in exposure to water scarcity and heat stress, vector-borne disease, coastal and fluvial flooding and projected impacts on agriculture and the economy, allowing for uncertainties in regional climate projection. Risk-related metrics associated with 2 °C warming, depending on sector, are reduced by 10–44% globally if warming is further reduced to 1.5 °C. Comparing with a baseline in which warming of 3.66 °C occurs by 2100, constraining warming to 1.5 °C reduces these risk indicators globally by 32–85%, and constraining warming to 2 °C reduces them by 26–74%. In percentage terms, avoided risk is highest for fluvial flooding, drought, and heat stress, but in absolute terms risk reduction is greatest for drought. Although water stress decreases in some regions, it is often accompanied by additional exposure to flooding. The magnitude of the percentage of damage avoided is similar to that calculated for avoided global economic risk associated with these same climate change scenarios. We also identify West Africa, India and North America as hotspots of climate change risk in the future.
A fast ligament model with scalable accuracy for multibody simulations
Authors: Nardini Fabrizio , Sancisi Nicola , Parenti-Castelli Vincenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultibody musculoskeletal models are important tools to perform kinematic, kinetostatic, and dynamic analyses of the whole human body. In these models, bones are regarded as rigid bodies, while different strategies are used to model structures such as muscles and ligaments. In this context, ligaments are often represented using a finite set of spring-like elements to compute the wrench applied to the bones (multibundle model). While this model is fast and easy to be implemented, it can suffer from inaccuracies due to the limited number of fibers and their positioning. In this study, a ligament model is proposed to overcome these limitations, representing the ligament as an infinite distribution of fibers from which the wrench on the bones can be obtained. The model takes advantage of thin-plate spline mapping to model the fiber structure of the ligament by defining a correspondence between the points of the two ligament insertions. The accuracy and the performances of the model are verified on a ligament and compared to the standard multibundle model. Results indicate that the model is faster and more accurate than the multibundle model. Moreover, accuracy can be modified according to the application in order to decrease the computational time.
Highlighting the Undetectable — Fluorescence Molecular Imaging in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Stibbe Judith A. , Hoogland Petra , Achterberg Friso B. , Holman Derek R. , Sojwal Raoul S. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Nagengast Wouter B. , Rogalla Stephan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Flexible high-definition white-light endoscopy is the current gold standard in screening for cancer and its precursor lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. However, miss rates are high, especially in populations at high risk for developing gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, Lynch syndrome, or Barrett’s esophagus) where lesions tend to be flat and subtle. Fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) enables intraluminal visualization of (pre)malignant lesions based on specific biomolecular features rather than morphology by using fluorescently labeled molecular probes that bind to specific molecular targets. This strategy has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for the clinician to improve endoscopic lesion detection and real-time clinical decision-making. This narrative review presents an overview of recent advances in FME, focusing on probe development, techniques, and clinical evidence. Future perspectives will also be addressed, such as the use of FME in patient stratification for targeted therapies and potential alliances with artificial intelligence.

Key Messages
• Fluorescence molecular endoscopy is a relatively new technology that enables safe and real-time endoscopic lesion visualization based on specific molecular features rather than on morphology, thereby adding a layer of information to endoscopy, like in PET-CT imaging.
• Recently the transition from preclinical to clinical studies has been made, with promising results regarding enhancing detection of flat and subtle lesions in the colon and esophagus. However, clinical evidence needs to be strengthened by larger patient studies with stratified study designs.
• In the future fluorescence molecular endoscopy could serve as a valuable tool in clinical workflows to improve detection in high-risk populations like patients with Barrett’s esophagus, Lynch syndrome, and inflammatory bowel syndrome, where flat and subtle lesions tend to be malignant up to five times more often.
• Fluorescence molecular endoscopy has the potential to assess therapy responsiveness in vivo for targeted therapies, thereby playing a role in personalizing medicine.
• To further reduce high miss rates due to human and technical factors, joint application of artificial intelligence and fluorescence molecular endoscopy are likely to generate added value.
Comparison of CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by different major variants
Authors: Inui Shohei , Fujikawa Akira , Gonoi Wataru , Kawano Shuichi , Sakurai Keita , Uchida Yuto , Ishida Masanori , Abe Osamu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the CT findings and pneumonnia progression pattern of the Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 by comparing them with the pre-existing wild type.

Method
In this retrospective comparative study, a total of 392 patients with COVID-19 were included: 118 patients with wild type (70 men, 56.8 ± 20.7 years), 137 with Alpha variant (93 men, 49.4 ± 17.0 years), and 137 with Delta variant (94 men, 45.4 ± 12.4). Chest CT evaluation included opacities and repairing changes as well as lesion distribution and laterality. Chest CT severity score was also calculated. These parameters were statistically compared across the variants.

Results
Ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation and repairing changes were more frequent in the order of Delta variant, Alpha variant, and wild type throughout the disease course. Delta variant showed GGO with consolidation more conspicuously than did the other two on days 1–4 (vs. wild type, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.01; vs. Alpha variant, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.003) and days 5–8 (vs. wild type, Bonferroni corrected p < 0.001; vs. Alpha variant, Bonferroni corrected-p = 0.003). Total lung CT severity scores of Delta variant were higher than those of wild type on days 1–4 and 5–8 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.01 and Bonferroni corrected p = 0.005, respectively) and that of Alpha variant on days 1–4 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.002). There was no difference in the CT findings between wild type and Alpha variant.

Conclusions
Pneumonia progression of Delta variant may be more rapid and severe in the early stage than in the other two.
Die Erfindung der Urteilskraft. Eine genealogische Skizze
Authors: Dries Christian 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungUrteilskraft, sprich: das Vermögen zu urteilen, gehört zur Grundausstattung neuzeitlich-moderner Subjektivität. Als philosophische Universalie wird sie – abseits ihrer herrschaftskritischen Herausforderung durch Bourdieu – auch in den Sozialwissenschaften bis heute kaum in Frage gestellt. Der vorliegende Aufsatz erhellt die Geschichte ihrer ‚Erfindung‘ im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert aus einer von Nietzsche und Foucault inspirierten genealogischen Perspektive. Auf diese Weise lässt sich Urteilskraft als Effekt materiell-diskursiver Praktiken in den Laboratorien der Urteilskraft – Königshof, Salon und bürgerliche Sozietät – rekonstruieren.
A Cancer Education Framework for Australian Medical Schools: an Announcement of a New Educational Program
Authors: Starmer Darren L. , Russell Kylie , Juliff Dianne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This framework draws upon national and international cancer curricula to identify the essential cancer-related learning outcomes for Australian medical students. The framework incorporates feedback from medical, radiation and surgical oncologists, haematologists, and palliative care physicians on what medical graduates need to know about cancer. The consensus view was that medical students require a basic understanding of the principles of cancer management and the opportunity to see cancer patients in a cancer service unit. The framework assumes that certain knowledge, skills, and attitudes are already embedded in current Australian medical school curricula, presenting instead only the core cancer content in order to provide a clear and concise framework designed to maximise integration within existing curricula.
Wetland landscape pattern evolution and prediction in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhou Ke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStarting from the overall pattern of wetland evolution in the Yellow River Delta, the combination of CA–Markov model and MLP model is studied. Based on the low-medium resolution Landsat data and the field survey data, the evolution trend of wetland landscape pattern in the Yellow River Delta is simulated and predicted by using the proposed models. Taking high resolution (2 m) data in 2016 as the precision verification, the model simulation results are validated. The results show that the area of natural wetlands in the Delta was decreased from 2593.63 km2 in 1976 to 1639.60 km2 in 2016, a total area of 954.03 km2wasreduced. According to the model simulation, the natural wetland area in 2026 is predicted to be 1252.7 km2, the constructed wetland area will be 1265.0 km2, and the non-wetland area will be 924.5 km2. The constructed wetland in the Yellow River Delta is increasing and spreading into the sea, but the area of natural wetland has been decreasing. If this trend be developed, the national natural wetland conservation target would not be realized. The results are of great significance to the wetland development planning, management and protection in the Yellow River Delta.