bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-order wavefront control using a Zernike sensor through Lyot coronagraphs for exoplanet imaging
Authors: Pourcelot R. , N’Diaye M. , Por E. H. , Laginja I. , Carbillet M. , Benard H. , Brady G. , Canas L. , Dohlen K. , Fowler J. , Lai O. , Maclay M. , McChesney E. , Noss J. , Perrin M. D. , Petrone P. , Pueyo L. , Redmond S. F. , Sahoo A. , Vigan A. , Will S. D. , Soummer R. 
Published: April 2022

Context.The combination of large segmented space telescopes, coronagraphy, and wavefront control methods is a promising solution for producing a dark hole (DH) region in the coronagraphic image of an observed star in order to study planetary companions. The thermal and mechanical evolution of such a high-contrast instrumental setup leads to wavefront drifts that degrade the DH contrast during the observing time, thus limiting the ability to retrieve planetary signals.Aims.Lyot-style coronagraphs are starlight-suppression systems that remove the central part of the image for an unresolved observed star, that is, the point spread function, with an opaque focal plane mask (FPM). When implemented with a flat mirror containing an etched pinhole, the mask rejects part of the starlight through the pinhole which can be used to retrieve information about low-order aberrations.Methods.We propose an active control scheme using a Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS) to analyze the light rejected by the FPM, control low-order aberrations, and stabilize the DH contrast. We first present the concept formalism and then describe how we characterized the sensor behavior in simulations and in the laboratory. We performed experimental tests to validate a wavefront control loop using a ZWFS on the HiCAT testbed.Results.By controlling the first 11 Zernike modes, we show a decrease in the standard deviation of the wavefront error by a factor of up to 9 between open- and closed-loop operations using the ZWFS. In the presence of wavefront perturbations, we show the ability of this control loop to stabilize a DH contrast around 7 × 10−8with a standard deviation of 7 × 10−9.Conclusions.Active control with a ZWFS proves to be a promising solution in Lyot coronagraphs with an FPM-filtered beam for controlling and stabilizing low-order wavefront aberrations and DH contrast for exoplanet imaging with future space missions.
Perceived Hearing Aid Benefit in Relation to Perceived Needs
Authors: Schum Donald J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new scale, the Hearing Aid Needs Assessment (HANA), was developed in order to examine the relationship between perceived communication needs/expectations with the actual benefit eventually achieved with newly fitted hearing aids. A serial sample of 82 patients completed the HANA prior to hearing aid consultation. A subgroup of 42 patients eventually completed the Hearing Aid Performance Inventory after 2 to 3 months of new device use. The results indicated that candidates for amplification expect more benefit than they will typically achieve, especially when listening to speech in noise or without visual cues. For the most part, hearing aid benefit could not be reliably predicted based on perceived need or expectation.
Abbreviations: COSI = Client Oriented Scale of Improvement, HANA= Hearing Aid Needs Assessment, HAPI = Hearing Aid Performance Inventory
Effects of Mindfulness Yoga Versus Conventional Physical Exercises on Symptom Experiences and Health-related Quality of Life in People with Parkinson’s Disease: The Potential Mediating Roles of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Kwok Jojo Yan Yan , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Lee Jung Jae , Lok Kris Yuet Wan , Kwan Jackie Cheuk Yin , Mok Vincent Chung Tong , Auyeung Man 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several studies have reported positive effects of mind-body exercises on symptom management and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is not known whether these effects are attributable to a change in anxiety and depression.PurposeTo compare the effects of mindfulness yoga to conventional stretching exercises in a randomized controlled trial while examining potentially mediating effects of anxiety and depression.Methods138 adults with PD were randomized to eight weekly yoga (n = 71) or stretching (n = 67) sessions. Symptom experiences, anxiety and depression, and HRQOL outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and 3-month post-intervention.ResultsGeneralized estimating equation analyses revealed that, compared to stretching, yoga significantly improved patients’ nonmotor (time-by-group interaction, T1:β = −1.99, p = .008; T2:β = −2.86, p &lt; .001) and motor (time-by-group interaction, T1:β = −1.77, p = .03) symptom experiences. The mediation analysis found that the changes in anxiety and depression were the mediators in the associations between non-motor experience and HRQOL; while only the changes in depression were found to be the mediator in the relationship between motor experience and HRQOL.ConclusionsYoga is superior to conventional stretching exercises in improving nonmotor and motor symptoms in daily living. Reduced anxiety and depression play a role in mediating the positive effects of the mindfulness yoga intervention. To optimize HRQOL, rehabilitation should reinforce psychological care in addition to pharmacological treatments and physical relief of PD symptoms. Future studies are needed to identify strategies for facilitating the implementation and sustainability of mind-body rehabilitation to enhance the quality of care for PD.
Gyrus rectus asymmetry predicts trait alexithymia, cognitive empathy, and social function in neurotypical adults
Authors: Li Wenlong , Lou Wutao , Zhang Wenyun , Tong Raymond Kai-Yu , Jin Richu , Peng Weiwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReduced empathy and elevated alexithymia are observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which has been linked to altered asymmetry in brain morphology. Here, we investigated whether trait autism, empathy, and alexithymia in the general population is associated with brain morphological asymmetry. We determined left–right asymmetry indexes for cortical thickness and cortical surface area (CSA) and applied these features to a support-vector regression model that predicted trait autism, empathy, and alexithymia. Results showed that less leftward asymmetry of CSA in the gyrus rectus (a subregion of the orbitofrontal cortex) predicted more difficulties in social functioning, as well as reduced cognitive empathy and elevated trait alexithymia. Meta-analytic decoding of the left gyrus rectus annotated functional items related to social cognition. Furthermore, the link between gyrus rectus asymmetry and social difficulties was accounted by trait alexithymia and cognitive empathy. These results suggest that gyrus rectus asymmetry could be a shared neural correlate among trait alexithymia, cognitive empathy, and social functioning in neurotypical adults. Left–right asymmetry of gyrus rectus influenced social functioning by affecting the cognitive processes of emotions in the self and others. Interventions that increase leftward asymmetry of the gyrus rectus might improve social functioning for individuals with ASD.
Network Traffic Classification Based On A Deep Learning Approach Using NetFlow Data
Authors: Long Zhang , Jinsong Wang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Network traffic classification is of fundamental importance to a wide range of network activities, such as security monitoring, accounting, quality of service and forecasting for long-term provisioning purposes. This task has been increasingly implemented using machine learning methods due to the inability of conventional approaches to accommodate the increasing use of encryption. However, the application of machine learning methods to network traffic classification based on sampled NetFlow data is poorly developed despite the fact that NetFlow is a widely extended monitoring solution routinely employed by network operators. This study addresses this issue by proposing a network traffic classification module using NetFlow data in conjunction with a deep neural network. The performance of the proposed classification module is demonstrated by its application to two real-world datasets, and an average classification accuracy of 95% is obtained for $\sim $1.4 million test cases. Moreover, the performance of the proposed classifier is demonstrated to be superior to three other state-of-the-art classifiers. Accordingly, the proposed module represents a promising alternative for network traffic classification.
Comparative Analysis of Overlap Community Detection Techniques on Social Media Platform
Authors: Meena Pawan , Pawar Mahesh , Pandey Anjana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Community structure over social media (SM) is the collaborative group of globally spread users with identical characteristics and ideologies. The collective features of SM are inherent with both the implicit and explicit nature of end-users. This paper presents an analytical and methodological community detection framework to bind passive users’ implicit and explicit nature after scrutinizing graphical data to identify seed nodes and communities. Moreover, this work provides the concept of the unsupervised machine learning approach over the graphical perspective of SM to identify the trade-off between similarity of nodes attributes and density of connections for social theories. Subsequently, this paper evaluates a comprehensive analysis of the benchmark community detection algorithm (CDA) Label Propagation Algorithm (LPA), Clique Percolation Method (CPM), Democratic Estimate of the Modular Organization of a Network (DEMON) and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). The evaluation has been carried out over modularity and normalized mutual information of resultant structured community on six real-time SM data set. The performance of benchmark CDAs is significantly increased after incorporating social theories. NMF, DEMON, CPM and LPA gained the highest improvement over Zachary’s Karate Club data sets, i.e. approximate 26.91%, 21.68%, 18.79%, 19.96%, respectively.
Debiased machine learning of global and local parameters using regularized Riesz representers
Authors: Chernozhukov Victor , Newey Whitney K , Singh Rahul 
Published: April 2022

Summary
We provide adaptive inference methods, based on $\ell _1$ regularization, for regular (semiparametric) and nonregular (nonparametric) linear functionals of the conditional expectation function. Examples of regular functionals include average treatment effects, policy effects, and derivatives. Examples of nonregular functionals include average treatment effects, policy effects, and derivatives conditional on a covariate subvector fixed at a point. We construct a Neyman orthogonal equation for the target parameter that is approximately invariant to small perturbations of the nuisance parameters. To achieve this property, we include the Riesz representer for the functional as an additional nuisance parameter. Our analysis yields weak ‘double sparsity robustness’: either the approximation to the regression or the approximation to the representer can be ‘completely dense’ as long as the other is sufficiently ‘sparse’. Our main results are nonasymptotic and imply asymptotic uniform validity over large classes of models, translating into honest confidence bands for both global and local parameters.
Which risk score best predicts cardiovascular outcome in pregnant women with congenital heart disease?
Authors: Bredy Charlene , Deville Fanny , Huguet Helena , Picot Marie-Christine , De La Villeon Gregoire , Abassi Hamouda , Avesani Martina , Begue Laetitia , Burlet Gilles , Boulot Pierre , Fuchs Florent , Amedro Pascal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundManagement of pregnancy and risk stratification in women with congenital heart diseases (CHD) are challenging, especially due to physiological haemodynamic modifications that inevitably occur during pregnancy.AimsTo compare the accuracy of the existing pregnancy cardiovascular risk scores in prediction of maternal complications during pregnancy in CHD patients.Method and resultsFrom 2007 to 2018, all pregnant women with a CHD who delivered birth after 20 weeks of gestation were identified. The discriminating power and the accuracy of the five existing pregnancy cardiovascular risk scores [CARPREG, CARPREG II, HARRIS, ZAHARA risk scores, and modified WHO (mWHO)] were evaluated.Out of 104 pregnancies in 65 CHD patients, 29% experienced cardiovascular complications during pregnancy or post-partum. For the five scores, the observed rate of cardiovascular events was higher than the expected risk. The values of area under the ROC curve were 0.75 (0.62–0.88) for mWHO, 0.65 (0.53–0.77) for CARPREG II, 0.60 (0.40–0.80) for HARRIS, 0.59 (0.47–0.72) for ZAHARA, and 0.58 (0.43–0.73) for CARPREG.ConclusionThe modified WHO classification appeared to better predict cardiovascular outcome in pregnant women with CHD than the four other existing risk scores.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04221048.
Double advantage of parental education for child educational achievement: the role of parenting and child intelligence
Authors: Tamayo Martinez Nathalie , Xerxa Yllza , Law James , Serdarevic Fadila , Jansen Pauline W , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Parental education is one of the best predictors of child school achievement. Higher parental education is not only associated with higher child intelligence, but children from highly educated parents also perform better in school due to other family related factors. This study evaluates the relation between parental education, child non-verbal intelligence and parenting practices with child school achievement.

Methods
Longitudinal data from a large population-based, multi-ethnic cohort of children in the Netherlands (63% Dutch origin) followed from birth to age 13 years (3547 children; 52.3% girls) were analyzed. School achievement was measured at the end of primary school (12 years of age) with a national Dutch academic test score. Parental education was assessed at age 3 years. The non-verbal intelligence of the child was measured at age 6 years and a full intelligence was measured at age 13 years. Maternal and paternal family routines, harsh parenting and corporal punishment were assessed in early and mid-childhood. Mediation analysis was performed with the G-formula and Structural Equation Models.

Results
Child intelligence partially mediated [B indirect effect =0.54 95% CI (0.46, 0.62) P &lt; 0.001] the association between parental education and child school achievement. Independent of intelligence, family routines [B indirect effect =0.04 95% CI (0.01, 0.07) P &lt; 0.01], but not harsh parenting mediated this association.

Conclusions
Higher parental education was associated with better school achievement through two independent mechanisms, through higher intelligence of the child and parenting practices.
The early history of the eye-antennal disc ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Weasner Brandon P , Kumar Justin P 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA pair of eye-antennal imaginal discs give rise to nearly all external structures of the adult Drosophila head including the compound eyes, ocelli, antennae, maxillary palps, head epidermis, and bristles. In the earliest days of Drosophila research, investigators would examine thousands of adult flies in search of viable mutants whose appearance deviated from the norm. The compound eyes are dispensable for viability and perturbations to their structure are easy to detect. As such, the adult compound eye and the developing eye-antennal disc emerged as focal points for studies of genetics and developmental biology. Since few tools were available at the time, early researchers put an enormous amount of thought into models that would explain their experimental observations—many of these hypotheses remain to be tested. However, these “ancient” studies have been lost to time and are no longer read or incorporated into today’s literature despite the abundance of field-defining discoveries that are contained therein. In this FlyBook chapter, I will bring these forgotten classics together and draw connections between them and modern studies of tissue specification and patterning. In doing so, I hope to bring a larger appreciation of the contributions that the eye-antennal disc has made to our understanding of development as well as draw the readers’ attention to the earliest studies of this important imaginal disc. Armed with the today’s toolkit of sophisticated genetic and molecular methods and using the old papers as a guide, we can use the eye-antennal disc to unravel the mysteries of development.
Recombination, selection, and the evolution of tandem gene arrays
Authors: Otto Moritz , Zheng Yichen , Wiehe Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multigene families—immunity genes or sensory receptors, for instance—are often subject to diversifying selection. Allelic diversity may be favored not only through balancing or frequency-dependent selection at individual loci but also by associating different alleles in multicopy gene families. Using a combination of analytical calculations and simulations, we explored a population genetic model of epistatic selection and unequal recombination, where a trade-off exists between the benefit of allelic diversity and the cost of copy abundance. Starting from the neutral case, where we showed that gene copy number is Gamma distributed at equilibrium, we derived also the mean and shape of the limiting distribution under selection. Considering a more general model, which includes variable population size and population substructure, we explored by simulations mean fitness and some summary statistics of the copy number distribution. We determined the relative effects of selection, recombination, and demographic parameters in maintaining allelic diversity and shaping the mean fitness of a population. One way to control the variance of copy number is by lowering the rate of unequal recombination. Indeed, when encoding recombination by a rate modifier locus, we observe exactly this prediction. Finally, we analyzed the empirical copy number distribution of 3 genes in human and estimated recombination and selection parameters of our model.
The Aging Human Lung Mucosa: A Proteomics Study
Authors: Garcia-Vilanova Andreu , Olmo-Fontánez Angélica M , Moliva Juan I , Allué-Guardia Anna , Singh Harjinder , Merritt Robert E , Maselli Diego J , Peters Jay I , Restrepo Blanca I , Wang Yufeng , Schlesinger Larry S , Turner Joanne , Weintraub Susan T , Torrelles Jordi B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The older adult population, estimated to double by 2050, is at increased risk of respiratory infections and other pulmonary diseases. Biochemical changes in the lung alveolar lining fluid (ALF) and in alveolar compartment cells can alter local immune responses as we age, generating opportunities for invading pathogens to establish successful infections. Indeed, the lung alveolar space of older adults is a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, dysregulated environment that remains understudied. We performed an exploratory, quantitative proteomic profiling of the soluble proteins present in ALF, developing insight into molecular fingerprints, pathways, and regulatory networks that characterize the alveolar space in old age, comparing it to that of younger individuals. We identified 457 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed in older adult ALF, including increased production of matrix metalloproteinases, markers of cellular senescence, antimicrobials, and proteins of neutrophilic granule origin, among others, suggesting that neutrophils in the lungs of older adults could be potential contributors to the dysregulated alveolar environment with increasing age. Finally, we describe a hypothetical regulatory network mediated by the serum response factor that could explain the neutrophilic profile observed in the older adult population.
An Identity in Distribution Between Full-Space and Half-Space Log-Gamma Polymers
Authors: Barraquand Guillaume , Wang Shouda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prove an identity in distribution between two kinds of partition functions for the log-gamma directed polymer model: (1) the point-to-point partition function in a quadrant and (2) the point-to-line partition function in an octant. As an application, we prove that the point-to-line free energy of the log-gamma polymer in an octant obeys a phase transition depending on the strength of the noise along the boundary. This transition of (de)pinning by randomness was first predicted in physics by Kardar in 1985 and proved rigorously for zero temperature models by Baik and Rains in 2001. While it is expected to arise universally for models in the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class, this is the first positive temperature model for which this transition can be rigorously established.
Performance of BEAMS Risk of Death Score for Mortality Prediction in Australian and New Zealand Burns Patients
Authors: Lu Patrick , Burrell Aidan , Bailey Michael , Moore Edwina , Pilcher David , Cleland Heather 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The BEAMS (Burns Evaluation and Mortality Study) risk of death score was developed in 2013 as a mortality prediction tool for burns patients admitted to an ICU (intensive care unit) in Australia and New Zealand. While it previously performed well, identifying high-risk groups and allowing benchmarking, over time such scores may lose calibration or be superseded by improved scoring systems. Our aim was to assess the performance of the BEAMS score in a modern cohort of burns patient. Data were sourced from the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand (BRANZ) and the Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation (ANZICS CORE) databases. Data were linked using probabilistic methodology. BEAMS risk of death scores was calculated for all adult patients. Between 2009 and 2019, there were 2075 patients admitted to an Australian or New Zealand ICU with a burn-related injury. Advanced age, female gender, higher %TBSA burns, and inhalation injury were all associated with increased rate of mortality (P &lt; .05). Overall hospital mortality was 9.4% (n = 195). The predicted risk of death from BEAMS was 8.7% and the score had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.934. We found the BEAMS risk of death score continues to have excellent performance in a modern cohort of adult critically ill burns patients. It remains a valid tool for mortality prediction among adult burns patients admitted to ICU across Australia and New Zealand.
Evidence for Chronotropic Incompetence in Well-healed Burn Survivors
Authors: Foster Josh , Watso Joseph C , Crandall Craig G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to various pathophysiological responses associated with a severe burn injury, we hypothesized that burn survivors exhibit chronotropic incompetence. To test this hypothesis, a graded peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) test was performed in 94 adults (34 nonburned, 31 burn survivors with 14–35% body surface area grafted, and 29 burn survivors with &gt;35% body surface area grafted). The threshold of 35% body surface area grafted was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Peak exercise heart rates (HRmax) were compared against age-predicted HRmax within each group. The proportion of individuals not meeting their age-predicted HRmax (within 5 b/min) were compared between groups. Age-predicted HRmax was not different from measured HRmax in the nonburned and moderate burn groups (P = .09 and .22, respectively). However, measured HRmax was 10 ± 6 b/min lower than the age-predicted HRmax in those with a large burn injury (P &lt; .001). While 56 and 65% of individuals in the nonburned and moderate burn group achieved a measured HRmax within 5 b/min or greater of age-predicted HRmax, only 21% of those in the large burn group met this criterion (P &lt; .001). These data provide preliminary evidence of chronotropic incompetence in individuals with severe burn injury covering &gt;35% body surface area.