bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the link between social media and eating disorder risk: A randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: de Valle Madelaine K. , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a self‐criticism intervention addressing the link between appearance‐motivated social media use and eating disorder risk. Another condition, designed to help users curate their social media feed to reduce negative impacts on wellbeing, was also trialed as an active and credible comparison.MethodUniversity students aged 17–25 (N = 170) were screened and randomized (n = 130) to the self‐criticism intervention, social media curation, or waitlist control group. The intervention comprised self‐guided cognitive behavior therapy delivered in four modules over 1 week. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability. Secondary outcomes were appearance motivations for social media use, appearance comparison, self‐criticism, body image flexibility, and disordered eating (at baseline, one‐week postrandomization, and two‐weeks postrandomization). Trial registration: ACTRN12621000353897.ResultsParticipants completed an average of 82% of the intervention modules and 77% of the homework exercises within the week allocated. The intervention was well‐accepted; participants reported a range of positive aspects, alongside suggested modifications to the intervention and study design to improve acceptability. Group by time interactions suggested groups changed at a different rate on three secondary outcomes; between‐groups effect sizes suggested this was due to greater improvements in the self‐criticism group than waitlist control.DiscussionThis was the first study to evaluate an intervention for the link between appearance‐related social media use and eating disorder risk for young adults. Positive findings relating to feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy suggest a larger randomized controlled trial, with modifications to the intervention and study design, is warranted.Public significanceAppearance‐related social media use has been linked to poorer body image and disordered eating, necessitating treatments that can disrupt this relationship. The self‐criticism intervention evaluated in this study shows promise as a strategy to address this need. It is the first intervention focused on appearance‐related social media use to be designed for and tested in young adults, who are at heightened risk of developing an eating disorder.
Climate‐driven thermal opportunities and risks for leaf miners in aspen canopies
Authors: Woods H. Arthur , Legault Geoffrey , Kingsolver Joel G. , Pincebourde Sylvain , Shah Alisha A. , Larkin Beau G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn tree canopies, incoming solar radiation interacts with leaves and branches to generate temperature differences within and among leaves, presenting thermal opportunities and risks for leaf‐dwelling ectotherms. Although leaf biophysics and insect thermal ecology are well understood, few studies have examined them together in single systems. We examined temperature variability in aspen canopies, Populus tremuloides, and its consequences for a common herbivore, the leaf‐mining caterpillar Phyllocnistis populiella. We shaded leaves in the field and measured effects on leaf temperature and larval growth and survival. We also estimated larval thermal performance curves for feeding and growth and measured upper lethal temperatures. Sunlit leaves directly facing the incoming rays reached the highest temperatures, typically 3–8°C above ambient air temperature. Irradiance‐driven increases in temperature, however, were transient enough that they did not alter observed growth rates of leaf miners. Incubator and ramping experiments suggested that larval performance peaks between 25 and 32°C and declines to zero between 35 and 40°C, depending on the duration of temperature exposure. Upper lethal temperatures during 1‐h heat shocks were 42–43°C. When larvae were active in early spring, temperatures generally were low enough to depress rates of feeding and growth below their maxima, and only rarely did estimated mine temperatures rise beyond optimal temperatures. Observed leaf or mine temperatures never approached larval upper lethal temperatures. At this site during our experiments, larvae thus appeared to have a significant thermal safety margin; the more pressing problem was inadequate heat. Detailed information on mine temperatures and larval performance curves, however, allowed us to leverage long‐term data sets on air temperature to estimate potential future shifts in performance and longer‐term risks to larvae from lethally high temperatures. This analysis suggests that, in the past 20 years, larval performance has often been limited by cold and that the risk of heat stress has been low. Future warming will raise mean rates of feeding and growth but also the risk of exposure to injuriously or lethally high temperatures.
Oyster abundance on subtidal reefs depends on predation, location, and experimental duration
Authors: Geraldi Nathan R. , Vozzo Maria L. , Fegley Stephen R. , Anton Andrea , Peterson Charles H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPredation affects community structure and functioning within marine habitats. Predator–prey interactions can change through space and time. Documenting how these interactions change is essential to improve our understanding of food web dynamics and to enhance our ability to manage preferred species. In this study, our goals were to determine whether the density of subtidal oysters (Crassostrea virginica) differed spatially by looking at three separate restored oyster sanctuaries within Pamlico Sound (North Carolina, USA), whether oyster density changed over an interval of 16 months, and whether oyster density was related to the presence of different‐sized predators by using an experimental approach. Multiple exclusion treatments were used in situ to exclude, selectively, different predator guilds from consuming oysters. Predator densities were also measured both within experimental treatments and on the restored oyster reefs by using multiple survey techniques. We found that oyster abundance differed among the four sample dates over the 16‐month study and differed among the three sites. Mud crabs—one of the smallest predators measured—had the greatest predator biomass per unit of area, but the presence of other predators was largely site‐dependent. Oyster abundance was affected by the exclusion of all predators, but this was dependent on sample date and location, which may suggest that mud crabs were the only predator to reduce oyster abundance in this study. In addition, large predators may have affected small predators, such as mud crabs and oyster drills, which were more abundant in treatments where large predators were excluded. The strongest evidence for top‐down effects on oyster reefs occurred at one of the three field sites at the first and final sampling time, suggesting that predator effects are complex, as well as spatially and temporally variable. Field experiments that assess variables through time and at multiple locations are needed as this information could improve the success of oyster reef conservation and restoration efforts.
Increasing spillover enhances southern California spiny lobster catch along marine reserve borders
Authors: Lenihan Hunter S. , Fitzgerald Sean P. , Reed Daniel C. , Hofmeister Jennifer K. K. , Stier Adrian C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe conservation benefits of marine reserves are well established but their contribution to adjacent fisheries via spillover is less certain and context‐dependent. Theoretical predictions do not always match empirical evidence from individual reserves, so carefully designed studies are essential for accurately assessing spillover and its contribution to fisheries. Biomass buildup within reserves, and spillover from reserve borders, also usually takes time to develop. In 2003, a network of no‐take marine reserves was established in the Northern Channel Islands (NCI) of southern California (CA) to conserve biodiversity and to eventually enhance local fisheries through spillover of larvae, juveniles, and adults. The reserve network impacted the local CA spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) fishery by removing about 20% of fishing grounds in the NCI. In 2008, a collaborative fisheries research effort detected substantial lobster population increases within reserves, and an indication of the possible spillover of adult lobsters across reserve borders. To estimate whether and how much populations within reserves, and spillover from reserves, have increased through time, we repeated the sampling program 10 years later in 2018 at two of the three original reserves. Scientific trapping was conducted prior to the fishing season along a spatial gradient beginning deep within the reserves to reference sites located outside (≥2 km) of reserve borders. Results showed that legal‐sized lobster abundance in traps (catch per unit effort) increased by 125%–465% deep inside reserves, and by 223%–331% at sites near to reserve borders, and by nearly 400% just outside of reserve borders over the 10‐year period, thus indicating a substantial increase in spillover across reserve borders. A similar pattern was observed in lobster biomass caught in traps at the two reserves. This study demonstrates how spillover scales with biomass buildup and that collaborative fisheries research can be used to assess the efficacy of marine reserves as fishery management tools worldwide.
Detectability of common ravens (Corvus corax) in the eastern USA: Rapid assessment of a recolonizing species
Authors: Hackworth Zachary J. , Felch Joshua M. , Murphy Sean M. , Cox John J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommon ravens (Corvus corax) inhabited much of the eastern United States prior to European colonization but were nearly extirpated by the mid‐1900s. Although remnant raven populations have since begun recolonizing portions of their historic range in the eastern United States, the extent of recovery remains largely unknown because of the species' elusive behavior. To aid development of targeted monitoring programs for this rare and cryptic species, we investigated factors that may influence detectability of ravens in natural cliff habitat during the nesting season in the Central Appalachian Mountains. Using a time‐to‐detection framework, we performed surveys at cliff sites with positive raven occupancy and recorded time to first detection (TFD) and confirmed cliff occupancy (i.e., occupied detection) to estimate detection probability curves as a function of survey time. We further compared multiscale habitat features of occupied and unoccupied cliff sites to characterize regional nesting habitat. Mean TFD at occupied cliffs was 14 ± 2 (SE) min. The TFD and subsequent detection probability increased with warming temperatures, likely as a result of heightened activity at nests as the reproductive season progressed. Shorter distances from observation point to the surveyed cliff resulted in longer TFD, indicating that ravens are likely sensitive to disturbance at nest sites. Analysis of cliff‐nesting habitat data identified raven selection of cliffs with large, exposed faces positioned on predominant west‐facing aspects. Mean detection probability calculated from detectability curves was ≥0.8 after the first 30 min. Using a probability‐based model and empirical detection probabilities, we estimated that raven absence from a cliff site during the nesting season may be inferred with p = 0.99 after three independent 30‐min surveys. Although ravens have been considered elusive and rare in the eastern United States, we find that their detectability at occupied cliff sites during the nesting season is relatively high and that observation of distributional changes may be easier for this species than for other, more cryptic birds.
Indium Coordination Compounds Derived from Amino Amides
Authors: Avila‐Montiel Concepción , Tlahuext Hugo , Ariza Armando , Godoy‐Alcántar Carolina , Tapia‐Benavides Antonio R. , Tlahuextl Dra. Margarita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report the synthesis of eight indium coordination compounds derived from amino amides 1–8 and InCl3. Crystallographic and NMR studies revealed the unusual chelation coordination of the metal ion to the amine and carbonyl groups of the ligands. However, vibrational studies evidenced the presence of formation‐breaking equilibria of the C=O→In3+ coordination bond. Thus, as chelate structures predominate in methanol solutions, In3+ compounds with open structures prevail in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the Raman spectroscopy and crystallography studies of 2 c and 6 c corroborated that the substitution of a chlorine ion by a methanol molecule in these coordination compounds is feasible and that the interchange equilibrium [HL]InCl4+MeOH⇄[L][MeOH]InCl3+HCl is present in methanolic solutions. UV spectroscopy proves that the [HL]InCl4 compounds predominates in methanol solutions. However, fluorescence spectroscopy shows the presence of significant quantities of [L][MeOH]InCl3 that reduce the intensity of the signals. The formation‐breaking and interchange equilibria could facilitate the biological interchange of In3+ using coordination compounds 1 c–8 c.
Hypolipidemic and Anti‐Obesity Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Brazilian Red Propolis in a Rodent Model of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Prata Marcelle F. , de Carvalho Felipe M. A. , Gonçalves‐Júnior Wilson D. , Santos Tarsizio S. , Valois Rafael B. V. , Borges Amanda F. S. , Guimarães Adriana O. , Araújo Adriano A. S. , Pereira‐Filho Rose N. , Santini Antonello , Cardoso Juliana C. , Severino Patricia , Padilha Francine F. , Souto Eliana B. , de Albuquerque‐Júnior Ricardo L. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe widespread use of Brazilian red propolis extract promotes an increased production rate in the Northeast region of Brazil, with an impressive economic turnover for the region. The rational use of the hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) raises the question about its value against obesity. In this work, the aim is to evaluate the anti‐obesity effect of HERP in rats submitted to hyperlipid dietary (HLD) supplementation. HERP extraction yield is 17.46% (m/v). The major chemical components of HERP are found to be daidzein (4.16 ± 0.22 mg g−1), formononetin (9.21 ± 0.10 mg g−1), and biochanin A (7.08 ± 0.09 mg g−1). After 8 weeks, the animals under HLD supplementation show significantly greater body weight gain, while after the subsequent 4‐week treatment with HERP, HLD–HERP animal shows lower body weight gain than HLD‐vehicle animals. Oral administration of HERP also attenuates the pathological changes in the liver, kidney, and large intestine caused by HLD supplementation. This study demonstrates that HERP treatment has a hypolipidemic effect in a rodent model of dyslipidemia and that HERP minimizes the impact of a hyperlipidic diet on murine body weight parameters and abdominal fat accumulation.Practical Applications: Brazilian red propolis is being exploited for a range of biomedical applications. It is demonstrated that its extract has hypolipidemic effect in a rodent model of dyslipidemia and minimizes the impact of a hyperlipidic diet on murine body weight parameters and abdominal fat accumulation.
Study on the influence of contact surface curvature on water jet impingement flow field and initial damage of coal seam
Authors: Han Peizhuang , Gao Yabin , Wang Fei , Ren Jie , Zheng Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe design of the contact surface has a big impact on how well water jets penetrate coal rock. The influence of water jets on contact surfaces with various curvatures is studied using numerical modeling to elucidate the flow field and coal seam damage characteristics. The water jet impingement flow field region can be separated into three areas: velocity concentration, divergent flow, and wall recirculation. As the jet water pressure rises, the flow field's distribution features become more apparent. Water jet impact morphology and flow field properties on contact surfaces of various curvatures are comparable. The peak velocity ratio of the wall and axis falls first, then increase as the curvature radius ratio (n) of the contact surface increases. Near n = 0.8, the peak velocity ratio of the wall and axis reaches a minimum, indicating that the kinetic energy loss in the process of water jet impact to the contact surface is the greatest. When water jets of various pressures impact the contact surface, the peak velocity drops by two‐thirds before and after impact, and nearly 89% of the kinetic energy is lost in the impact process. The range of the initial damage and failure area in the center of the contact surface and the initial damage and failure area on both sides of the wall caused by water jet impact decreases gradually as n increases. When n = 2, the initial damage and failure region on both sides of the wall has virtually vanished; when n = 0.2. The contact surface's center failure depth induced by water jet impact is the deepest. The initial injury is unaffected by changes in jet water pressure.
Examining the behavior of concrete masonry units under fire and post‐fire conditions
Authors: Daware Aditya , Peerzada Abdul Basit , Naser M. Z. , Rangaraju Prasada , Butman Brad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMasonry is an inert construction material with favorable thermal and mechanical properties. While masonry is widely used in buildings, the fire performance of this material has not received much attention over the years. This continues to hinder the understanding of the fire behavior of masonry. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study presents the results of an experimental campaign carried out on concrete masonry blocks (CMUs) to investigate fire‐induced degradation of the compressive strength of CMUs under elevated temperatures and post‐fire conditions. In this campaign, steady‐state tests were conducted; wherein standard‐sized CMUs are exposed to a heating scenario ranging from 25 to 800°C followed by cooling to ambient temperature. In addition, these tests were also complimented with a thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the degradation of the strength property of masonry. Results from the tests clearly show that the degradation in CMUs is lower than that typically observed in normal strength concrete. Furthermore, our findings also infer that masonry is capable of retaining a larger percentage of strength when tested under post‐fire conditions as opposed to being under heating.
Influence of ammonium polyphosphate‐modified polypropylene on flammability characteristics of polypropylene keratin and chitosan sustainable composites
Authors: Albite‐Ortega Jorge , Sánchez‐Valdes Saul , Ramírez‐Vargas Eduardo , Medellín‐Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Ramos deValle Luis Francisco , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Oliverio Santiago , Rivera‐Salinas Jorge Enrique , Martínez‐Colunga Juan Guillermo , da‐Silva Luciano , Morales‐Cepeda Ana Beatriz , Sanchez‐Martínez Zalma Vanesa , Zuluaga‐Parra Jose David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe combination of keratin fibers (KF), obtained from poultry feathers, with chitosan (Ch) are employed in polypropylene (PP) composites to enhance the flame‐retardant (FR) properties. The combined effect of each additive and the use of functionalized PP with ammonium polyphosphate (PP‐gAPP) as a compatibilizer, compared with PP‐gMA, on composite FR properties was analyzed. This compatibilizer was prepared by melt reaction of maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐gMA) with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The grafting of APP was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and NMR. PP/KF/Ch composites using PP‐gAPP as compatibilizer were characterized by TGA, mechanical properties, and fire‐retardant tests such as UL‐94 (HB), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimeter evaluations. These tests demonstrated the enhancement in fire‐retardant characteristics obtained by using PP‐gAPP as a compatibilizer agent compared with PP‐gMA. The combination of the additives (KF and Ch) with PP‐gAPP as compatibilizer in PP, increases the modulus and tensile strength and significantly improves the LOI and reduces the peak heat release rate during cone calorimetry tests with better thermal stability and a noticeable reduction in horizontal burning rate. Most important, the results indicated that the combination of these additives produce similar flame retardancy than a reference sample with high magnesium hydroxide loading. These composites are a promising way to meet the growing demand for high‐performance materials with FR characteristics using bio‐fire retardant additives such as KF and Ch, in sustainable and environmentally friendly composites.
The changes of carvacrol content and essential oil yield of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad in response to different fertilizer sources
Authors: Mohammadi Seyedeh Mohaddeseh , Sefidkon Fatemeh , Asadi‐Sanam Samaneh , Kalatejari Sepideh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the combined effects of chemical, biological and organic fertilizers on several features of Satureja khuzistanica. As an aromatic plant with medicinal properties, endemic to Iran, S. khuzistanica was studied for essential oil (EO%) and composition. Spanning for two growing seasons (2017–2019), the experiments involved 13 nutritional treatments, ie, (a) control (C), (b) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK; 50‐25‐25 Kg ha−1), (c) cattle manure (CM30; 30 ton ha−1), (d) CM60 (60 ton ha−1), (e) CM30 + NPK, (f) CM60 + NPK, (g) vermicompost (V5, 5 ton ha−1), (h) V5 + NPK, (i) Glomus mosseae (GM), (j) Glomus Intra (GI), (k) sulphur (S0; 0 Kg ha−1) + thiobacillus (T), (l) S250 + T (sulphur: 250 Kg ha−1, ) and (m) V5 + T. At full flowering stage, samples were taken from aerial segments of plants in all treatment groups. After shade‐drying, the samples were hydro‐distillated to obtain essential oil (EO) and were then evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The interaction between year and fertilizer, as two treatments, had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on the oil percentage, oil constituents and essential oil yield (EO.Y) of S. khuzistanica. GM and S0 + T caused the highest oil percentage in the first (3.7%) and second year (3.9%), respectively. V5 + NPK and V5 + T resulted in a substantial rise in EO.Y in the first (30.4 kg ha−1) and second year (64.3 kg ha−1), respectively. Carvacrol was highest in the first (92.1%) and second year (95.2%), as a result of using V5 + T and NPK treatments, respectively. Biological and vermicompost fertilizers not only improved the amount of EO but also enhanced its quality and aroma, as reflected in the constituents of the EO. The GI treatment and the V5 + NPK treatment led to high amounts of K in the branches. Meanwhile, high S contents were measured in the branches in response to the V5 and the S250 + T treatments. These findings suggested that biofertilizers and organic fertilizers can benefit the cultivation of S. khuzistanica because, when combined together, they can enhance the percentage and phenolic compounds in the EO.