bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The end of Nudge and the beginning of The Behavioral Code?
Authors: van der Heijden Jeroen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScholars of regulation have long engaged with behavioral oriented research to assess its value for regulatory theory and practice. This book review discusses two recent publications in this area: Nudge: The Final Edition by Richard Thaler and Cas Sunstein (2021) and The Behavioral Code: The Hidden Ways the Law Makes Us Better or Worse by Benjamin van Rooij and Adam Fine (2021).
The Conversion of Gottfried Rabe: Visual Propaganda and Conversion in Early Seventeenth‐Century Germany☆
Authors: Christ Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article considers visual and textual descriptions of conversions to Lutheranism by focusing on the former Augustinian monk Gottfried Rabe, who delivered his revocation sermon in Wittenberg in 1601 and features on two woodcuts as well as on a commemorative medal. Through a close analysis of the visual tropes and symbolism in these under‐studied sources, broader questions about Lutheranism at the turn of the sixteenth century are raised, including the role of the University of Wittenberg, the positions of Martin Luther and the Czech reformer Jan Hus as role models of conversions to Lutheranism and the Catholic responses to such conversions at this point in time. The article argues that the different media promoted different images of Rabe, showing a range of possible interpretations of the conversion and its place within the different confessions.
An interdisciplinary program for emerging leaders in patient safety
Authors: Oates Kim , Burgess Annette , Clark Tyler 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHaving previously shown that an interprofessional immersive course, AELPS (Academy for Emerging Leaders in Patient Safety) can change the way young clinicians think about patient safety, we surveyed them between 1 and 5 years later to determine its longer‐term influence on careers, relationships with colleagues and with patients.MethodsAll alumni from 2016 to 2019 (n = 116) were invited to complete a survey on the usefulness of their AELPS experience in: obtaining their current position; doing patient safety projects; understanding and working with patients; improving communication skills; breaking down hierarchies; networking; mentoring and using new skills in the workplace. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsResponse rate was 56%. Over 85% reported ongoing improvement in medication safety knowledge, communication with patients, use of graded assertiveness, communicating more effectively with colleagues, seeking views of their patients about treatment options and seeing things from the patient perspective. Sixty seven per cent agreed that AELPS helped them in their career choice and 57% agreed it had helped them obtain their current position. Skills transferred to the workplace included ability to make improvements, establish education initiatives and model patient‐centred care. Stumbling blocks included a hierarchal culture and lack of accountability for patient safety practices in some hospitals.DiscussionAn intensive, interdisciplinary program on patient safety can provide future health leaders with ongoing tools to improve communication, understand the patient view and speak up on behalf of the patient, all factors that contribute to improving safety of patients.
Harmony without equality: Schiller's theory of virtue
Authors: Reshenin Semyon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper I reconstruct Schiller's theory of virtue from his essay “On grace and dignity” and discuss how it fits into Kant's moral philosophy. According to Schiller, a virtuous person – a beautiful soul – is characterised by harmony between reason and sensibility. I show that despite some misleading textual clues and interpretations based on them, Schiller does not regard the harmony between reason and sensibility as an equal partnership. On the contrary, just like Kant, Schiller fully recognises the priority of reason. The difference between their positions is more subtle. Whereas Kant holds that sensibility must be overtly subordinated to reason, Schiller believes that there should be a semblance of an equal partnership between reason and sensibility, provided that the latter is sufficiently ennobled.
Polidocanol monotherapy for a superficial orbital venous malformation in a horse
Authors: Stonex Tara M. , Zibura Ashley E. , Andres Michael , Gilger Brian C. , Oh Annie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of 1% polidocanol as the sole treatment for a superficial orbital venous malformation in a horse.AnimalA 23‐year‐old Welsh Cobb cross gelding with a distensible swelling affecting the left lower eyelid, and secondary palpebral margin abnormalities and superficial keratitis.ProcedureColor flow Doppler ultrasonography revealed non‐pulsatile blood flow within the tortuous vascular network most consistent with a superficial orbital venous malformation appearing to involve the lateral palpebral and transverse facial veins. An intravenous catheter was placed within the lateral aspect of the venous malformation, and agitated saline was slowly injected into the vessel while simultaneously ultrasound imaging the medial aspect in which the bubbles were observed coursing across, consistent with lateral to medial flow. Contrast venography confirmed a corkscrew vessel along the ventral aspect of the orbital rim. Under standing sedation, 1% polidocanol solution was administered slowly through the intravenous catheter while manual pressure was applied on the medial and lateral aspects of the venous malformation.ResultsUltrasonography performed immediately after administration of polidocanol confirmed venous stasis, and formation of a thrombus. No adverse side effects were noted. The venous malformation and associated palpebral margin abnormalities and superficial keratitis resolved at the time of re‐examination at 4 months.Conclusion and Clinical RelevancePolidocanol as the sole treatment for a superficial orbital venous malformation in a horse was well tolerated and led to clinical resolution. Sclerosant monotherapy may be a safe treatment option for superficial orbital venous malformations.
Hindbrain catecholaminergic inputs to the paraventricular thalamus scale feeding and metabolic efficiency in stress‐related contexts
Authors: Dumont Clarisse , Li Guangping , Castel Julien , Luquet Serge , Gangarossa Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe regulation of food intake and energy balance relies on the dynamic integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals monitoring nutritional, metabolic, cognitive, and emotional states. The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is a central hub that, by integrating sensory, metabolic, and emotional states, may contribute to the regulation of feeding and homeostatic/allostatic processes. However, the underlying PVT circuits still remain elusive. Here, we aimed at unravelling the role of catecholaminergic (CA) inputs to the PVT in scaling feeding and metabolic efficiency. First, using region‐specific retrograde disruption of CA projections, we show that PVT CA inputs mainly arise from the hindbrain, notably the locus coeruleus (LC) and the nucleus tractus solitarius. Second, taking advantage of integrative calorimetric measurements of metabolic efficiency, we reveal that CA inputs to the PVT scale adaptive feeding and metabolic responses in environmental, behavioural, physiological, and metabolic stress‐like contexts. Third, we show that hindbrainTH→PVT inputs contribute to modulating the activity of PVT as well as lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons. In conclusion, the present study, by assessing the key role of CA inputs to the PVT in scaling homeostatic/allostatic regulations of feeding patterns, reveals the integrative and converging hindbrainTH→PVT paths that contribute to whole‐body metabolic adaptations in stress‐like contexts.Key points
The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is known to receive projections from the hindbrain. Here, we confirm and further extend current knowledge on the existence of hindbrainTH→PVT catecholaminergic inputs, notably from the locus coeruleus and the nucleus tractus solitarius, with the nucleus tractus solitarius representing the main source.
Disruption of hindbrainTH→PVT inputs contributes to the modulation of PVT neuron activity.
HindbrainTH→PVT inputs scale feeding strategies in environmental, behavioural, physiological, and metabolic stress‐like contexts.
HindbrainTH→PVT inputs participate in regulating metabolic efficiency and nutrient partitioning in stress‐like contexts.
HindbrainTH→PVT inputs, directly and/or indirectly, contribute to modulating the downstream activity of lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons.
Overturn Prevention Simulation of a Truck With Corner Nozzles
Authors: Levin Jeffrey , Chen Shih-Hsiung 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of an aerodynamic device called corner nozzles (CN) on a truck to improve its crosswind stability. The CN consists of two air-guiding plates that are attached to the base of the truck. The plates are governed by CN turning angle (α) and parameterized from 45 deg to 90 deg. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate a 1/8th truck model called ground transportation system (GTS) at a Reynolds number (Re) of 1.6 × 106 and yaw angles (Ψ) = 2.5 deg–14 deg. At α = 90 deg, the rolling moment (Cr) and side force coefficients (Csf) of the GTS can be reduced by 6–8%. The CN performs better in improving the crosswind stability as Ψ increases. The CN decreases the pressure coefficient (Cp) values on both windward and leeward surfaces. The CN geometry causes the flow turning effect which increases the fluid pressure as it flows through the CN’s channel, emitting a high-pressure fluid from its outlet. Hence, increasing the overall Cp values downstream of the truck. As α increases, the reductions in Cp on side surfaces and the flow turning effect become more pronounced. It will be shown that the total Cr and Csf of the truck are affected by the Cp distributions on the windward and leeward surfaces. The CN addition affects the Cp distribution on these side surfaces and is able to reduce the total magnitude of Cr and Csf of the truck.
On Use of Slots in Modelling Cracks in Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Aleshin N. P. , Mogil’ner L. Yu. , Shchipakov N. A. , Kusyi A. G. , Tishkin V. V. , Degtyarev M. N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The possibility of a rigorous theoretical solution of the three-dimensional problem of scattering of elastic waves at the tip of a vertical crack in a weld is analyzed. It is shown that in the general case of ultrasound scattering on a flat target, the three-dimensional problem can be reduced to a two-dimensional one. On this basis, for an arbitrary direction of sounding a crack in a weld, the dependence of the signal from the crack tip on the direction to the receiver was assessed. It is noted that the wave size of the crack tip is much smaller than the wave size of the end of the grooves that can be made to simulate defects in welded joints. As a result, it was found that the nature of the scattering of elastic waves by the tip of the crack differs from the nature of scattering on the grooves, including in cases where the opening of the grooves is minimal, based on the possibility of their manufacture. The results of an experimental verification of the obtained theoretical estimates on samples of steel and aluminum are presented. It is shown that at the ends of the grooves (in contrast to the crack tips), even with their minimal openings, conditions are created for the formation of a scattered field of the type of specular reflection from a volumetric cavity—a side-drilled hole.
Extension of cervical screening intervals with primary human papillomavirus testing: observational study of English screening pilot data
Authors: Rebolj Matejka , Cuschieri Kate , Mathews Christopher S , Pesola Francesca , Denton Karin , Kitchener Henry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo provide updated evidence about the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or higher (CIN3+) and cervical cancer after a negative human papillomavirus (HPV) test in primary cervical screening, by age group and test assay.DesignObservational study.SettingReal world data from the English HPV screening pilot’s first and second rounds (2013-16, follow-up to end of 2019).Participants1 341 584 women.InterventionsCervical screening with HPV testing or liquid based cytological testing (cytology or smear tests). Women screened with cytology were referred to colposcopy after high grade cytological abnormalities or after borderline or low grade abnormalities combined with a positive HPV triage test. Women screened with HPV testing who were positive were referred at baseline if their cytology triage test showed at least borderline abnormalities or after a retest (early recall) at 12 and 24 months if they had persistent abnormalities.Main outcome measuresDetection of CIN3+ and cervical cancer after a negative HPV test.ResultsFor women younger than 50 years, second round detection of CIN3+ in this study was significantly lower after a negative HPV screen in the first round than after cytology testing (1.21/1000v4.52/1000 women screened, adjusted odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.30), as was the risk of interval cervical cancer (1.31/100 000v2.90/100 000 woman years, adjusted hazard ratio 0.44, 0.23 to 0.84). Risk of an incident CIN3+ detected at the second screening round in the pilot five years after a negative HPV test was even lower in women older than 50 years, than in three years in women younger than 50 years (0.57/1000v1.21/1000 women screened, adjusted odds ratio 0.46, 0.27 to 0.79). Women with negative HPV tests at early recall after a positive HPV screening test without cytological abnormalities had a higher detection rate of CIN3+ at the second routine recall than women who initially tested HPV negative (5.39/1000v1.21/1000 women screened, adjusted odds ratio 3.27, 95% confidence interval 2.21 to 4.84). Detection after a negative result on a clinically validated APTIMA mRNA HPV test was similar to that after clinically validated cobas and RealTime DNA tests (for CIN3+ at the second round 1.32/1000v1.14/1000 women screened, adjusted odds ratio 1.05, 0.73 to 1.50).ConclusionsThese data support an extension of the screening intervals, regardless of the test assay used: to five years after a negative HPV test in women aged 25-49 years, and even longer for women aged 50 years and older. The screening interval for HPV positive women who have negative HPV tests at early recall should be kept at three years.
Understanding geographical variations in health system performance: a population-based study on preventable childhood hospitalisations
Authors: Silwal Pushkar Raj , Exeter Daniel , Tenbensel Tim , Lee Arier 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate interdistrict variations in childhood ambulatory sensitive hospitalisation (ASH) over the years.DesignObservational population-based study over 2008–2018 using the Primary Health Organisation Enrolment Collection (PHO) and the National Minimum Dataset hospital events databases.SettingNew Zealand primary and secondary care.ParticipantsAll children aged 0–4 years enrolled in the PHO Enrolment Collection from 2008 to 2018.Main outcome measureASH.ResultsOnly 1.4% of the variability in the risk of having childhood ASH (intracluster correlation coefficient=0.014) is explained at the level of District Health Board (DHB), with the median OR of 1.23. No consistent time trend was observed for the adjusted childhood ASH at the national level, but the DHBs demonstrated different trajectories over the years. Ethnicity (being a Pacific child) followed by deprivation demonstrated stronger relationships with childhood ASH than the geography and the health system input variables.ConclusionThe variation in childhood ASH is explained only minimal at the DHB level. The sociodemographic variables also only partly explained the variations. Unlike the general ASH measure, the childhood ASH used in this analysis provides insights into the acute conditions sensitive to primary care services. However, further information would be required to conclude this as the DHB-level performance variations.
RECIST 1.1 versus mRECIST for assessment of tumour response to molecular targeted therapies and disease outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Hongli , Bai Yuping , Xie Xiaoyu , Feng Yuemin , Yang Yao , Zhu Qiang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesResponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) are commonly used to assess tumour response. Which one is better to evaluate efficacy after molecular targeted therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is still controversial. A systemic review was performed to compare the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) and a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the correlation between objective response and overall survival (OS).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Data sourcesEMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched through 31 December 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies assessing the efficacy of molecular targeted therapy for HCC according to both RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST.Data extraction and synthesisTwo investigators extracted data independently. The consistency between RECIST 1.1 vs mRECIST is measured by the k coefficient. HRs with corresponding 95% CIs were used for meta-analysis.Results23 studies comprising 2574 patients were included in systematic review. The ORR according to mRECIST is higher than RECIST1.1 (15.9% vs 7.8%, p<0.001). The DCR is similar (68.4% vs 67.2%, p=0.5). The agreement of tumour response is moderate for objective response (k=0.499) and perfect for progressive disease (k=0.901), calculated from 8 studies including 372 patients. OS was significantly longer in response group than non-response group according to mRECIST (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.78, p=0.0004) calculated from 7 studies including 566 patients, however, the RECIST1.1 could not distinguish the OS well (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.05, p=0.08). Subgroup analusis by type of treatment was conducted.ConclusionsmRECIST may be more accurate than RECIST 1.1 in assessing ORR after molecular targeted therapies in HCC patients and can better assess the prognosis. However, the performance of both criteria in assessing disease progression is identical.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020200895.Ethics approvalEthics approval is not required in this meta-analysis.
Economic impact of cholera in households in rural southern Malawi: a prospective study
Authors: Hsiao Amber , Ramani Enusa , Seo Hye-Jin , Pak GiDeok , Vuntade Dan , M’bang’ombe Maurice , Ngwira Bagrey , Quentin Wilm , Marks Florian , Mogasale Vittal 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionCholera remains a significant contributor to diarrhoeal illness, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Few studies have estimated the cost of illness (COI) of cholera in Malawi, a cholera-endemic country. The present study estimated the COI of cholera in Nsanje, southern Malawi, as part of the Cholera Surveillance in Malawi (CSIMA) programme following a mass cholera vaccination campaign in 2015.MethodsPatients ≥12 months of age who were recruited as part of CSIMA were invited to participate in the COI survey. The COI tool captured household components of economic burden, including direct medical and non-medical costs, and indirect lost productivity costs.ResultsBetween April 2016 and March 2020, 40 cholera cases were enrolled in the study, all of whom participated in the COI survey. Only two patients had any direct medical costs and five patients reported lost wages due to illness. The COI per patient was US$14.34 (in 2020), more than half of which was from direct non-medical costs from food, water, and transportation to the health centre.ConclusionFor the majority of Malawians who struggle to subsist on less than US$2 a day, the COI of cholera represents a significant cost burden to families. While cholera treatment is provided for free in government-run health centres, additional investments in cholera control and prevention at the community level and financial support beyond direct medical costs may be necessary to alleviate the economic burden of cholera on households in southern Malawi.
Understanding the implementation of interventions to improve the management of frailty in primary care: a rapid realist review
Authors: Alharbi Khulud , Blakeman Thomas , van Marwijk Harm , Reeves David , Tsang Jung Yin 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveIdentifying and managing the needs of frail people in the community is an increasing priority for policy makers. We sought to identify factors that enable or constrain the implementation of interventions for frail older persons in primary care.DesignA rapid realist review.Data sourcesCochrane Library, SCOPUS and EMBASE, and grey literature. The search was conducted in September 2019 and rerun on 8 January 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe considered all types of empirical studies describing interventions targeting frailty in primary care.AnalysisWe followed the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards quality and publication criteria for our synthesis to systematically analyse and synthesise the existing literature and to identify (intervention-context-mechanism-outcome) configurations. We used normalisation processes theory to illuminate mechanisms surrounding implementation.ResultsOur primary research returned 1755 articles, narrowed down to 29 relevant frailty intervention studies conducted in primary care. Our review identified two families of interventions. They comprised: (1) interventions aimed at the comprehensive assessment and management of frailty needs; and (2) interventions targeting specific frailty needs. Key factors that facilitate or inhibit the translation of frailty interventions into practice related to the distribution of resources; patient engagement and professional skill sets to address identified need.ConclusionThere remain challenges to achieving successful implementation of frailty interventions in primary care. There were a key learning points under each family. First, targeted allocation of resources to address specific needs allows a greater alignment of skill sets and reduces overassessment of frail individuals. Second, earlier patient involvement may also improve intervention implementation and adherence.PROSPERO registration numberThe published protocol for the review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019161193).