bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Healthcare Workers’ Perception of South African Health System Capability for Managing COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mokhele Tholang , Manyaapelo Thabang , Sifunda Sibusiso , Dukhi Natisha , Sewpaul Ronel , Naidoo Inbarani , Mabaso Musawenkosi , Moshabela Mosa , Reddy Priscilla 
Published: May 2022

Background:
During the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa in March 2020, there was an urgent mobilization of healthcare workers (HCWs) who had to adapt quickly to a challenging health system. Therefore, this paper examines factors associated with HCWs’ perceptions of the South African health system’s capability for managing COVID-19 during the early stages of the pandemic.

Methods:
Data utilised in this paper were obtained from an online survey conducted among HCWs using a structured questionnaire on a data-free online platform. The study population included all HCWs in South Africa. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors influencing HCWs’ perceptions of the South African health system capability for managing COVID-19.

Results:
Of the 5,274 respondents, 22.0% indicated that the South African health system would manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased odds of perceiving that the South African health system was capable of managing COVID-19 were significantly associated with being male (aOR = 1.55 95%CI [1.22-1.97], p<0.001), being 50-59 years old (aOR = 1.94 [1.31-2.87], p=0.001) and 60 years and older (aOR = 2.27 [1.34-3.84], p=0.002), working in other sector (aOR = 1.42 [1.10-1.84], p=0.007), and having confidence in their overall knowledge about COVID-19 (aOR = 1.92 [1.52-2.41], p<0.001). Decreased odds of perceiving that the South African health system was capable of managing COVID-19 were significantly associated with HCWs being White (aOR = 0.29 [0.22-0.38], p<0.001) and Indian/Asian (aOR = 0.45 [0.33-0.62], p<0.001), being medical practitioner (aOR = 0.55 [0.41-0.73], p<0.001), and having moderate (aOR = 0.70 [0.50-0.99], p=0.042) or high risk perceptions (aOR = 0.55 [0.39-0.77], p<0.001) of contracting COVID-19.

Conclusion:
In the early days of the pandemic, most HCWs felt that the health system would not cope with COVID-19. Healthcare workers’ experience (a proxy for HCWs’ age), work sector, confidence in their knowledge about COVID-19, and their risk perceptions were key factors affecting their perception of the health system’s capability.
Obesity as a Neurobiologic Disorder: A Heavyweight Contender
Authors: Chávez-Castillo Mervin , Duran Pablo , Garrido Bermary , Díaz Andrea , Escalona Daniel , Cano Clímaco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic condition characterized by an abnormal or excessive
accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue, capable of decreasing life expectancy. Chronically,
the exacerbated inflammatory response interferes with the proper functioning of organs
and tissues, becoming the cornerstone of various major metabolic imbalances in different systems,
such as the central nervous system. Considering this, obesity’s meta-inflammation indirectly
affects brain regions related to psychiatric illnesses and cognitive function. Also, it has
been established that several neurobiological mechanisms related to appetite regulation and
impulse control disorders could explain the onset of obesity. Thus, due to the high prevalence
of mental illnesses linked to obese patients and the fact that a bidirectional relation between
these two entities has been observed, many efforts have been made to establish an effective and
secure pharmacological approach to obesity. In this context, several psychotropics and appetite-
suppressant drugs, along with lifestyle changes, have been highlighted as promising therapeutic
tools against obesity.
Issues and solutions on inventive problems-solving skills (IPSS) in invention course
Authors: Kiong Tee Tze , Nasir Nuraliah Abd , Azid Nurulwahida , Mohamad Mimi Mohaffyza , Chang Wu Ming , Singh Charanjit Kaur Swaran 
Published: May 2022

Problem solving skills are the ability to solve problems in an effective way without any impediments. The purpose of this study is to identify the importance and issues on root cause identification for the problem among students and teachers of Invention’s course. This research applied mixed-method comprising quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 133 students and 30 teachers of Invention were involved in the survey at the secondary school in Johor. A survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were applied in this research. The results of t-test revealed that there was no significant difference on the importance [t (133) = -2.915; p = .194, (p .05)] and issues [t (133) = .142; p = .09, (p .05)] for gender. Next, two-way ANOVA test showed that the level of importance (F (30) = 2.874, p = .061) and issues (F (30) = 6.846, p = .112) of the skills did not depends on the gender of the teacher and teaching experiences. Majority teachers support the application of the Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving Skills using Function Analysis for root cause identification (TRIZ). Thus, the development of self-learning module is proposed as teaching material to facilitate the application of the skills for the Invention course.
Biotechnology on arrow cane (<em>Gynerium sagittatum</em>Aubl.). A plant of cultural interest.
Authors: Suarez-Padrón Isidro E , López-Díaz Claudia M. 
Published: May 2022

Arrow cane (Gynerium sagittatum Aubl.) is a Poaceae associated to human development of the ancient Zenú culture present nowadays in the flat lands of Córdoba and Sucre department in the Colombian north Coast. Despite its importance, arrow cane is not cultivated in large scale and extraction from natural populations is the most common way for plant exploitation with negative environmental and economic consequences for the aboriginal communities. A research program based on biotechnology was implemented to generate information related to plant genetic diversity, plant propagation and genetic resource conservation in order to provide knowledge to contribute to implement technical crop development to minimize the impact of artisans´ activity on the environment and increase sustainability on fiber source for craftsmanship. Accessions from different zones of the Colombian territory were characterized using morphological and molecular markers founding low genetic diversity. Cultivars UC121, “Criolla”, “Criolla 1”, Costera and “Martinera” were in vitro established and micropropagation results indicated that large quantities of high quality, fully adapted, homogeneous plants can be produced from any cultivar. In vitro cultured arrow cane plants can be stored by means of slow growth or modified structures such as micro rhizomes developed in vitro.
Home Telemonitoring and a Diagnostic Algorithm in the Management of Heart Failure in the Netherlands: Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Albuquerque de Almeida Fernando , Corro Ramos Isaac , Al Maiwenn , Rutten-van Mölken Maureen 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundHeart failure is a major health concern associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life in patients. Home telemonitoring (HTM) facilitates frequent or continuous assessment of disease signs and symptoms, and it has shown to improve compliance by involving patients in their own care and prevent emergency admissions by facilitating early detection of clinically significant changes. Diagnostic algorithms (DAs) are predictive mathematical relationships that make use of a wide range of collected data for calculating the likelihood of a particular event and use this output for prioritizing patients with regard to their treatment.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of HTM and a DA in the management of heart failure in the Netherlands. Three interventions were analyzed: usual care, HTM, and HTM plus a DA.MethodsA previously published discrete event simulation model was used. The base-case analysis was performed according to the Dutch guidelines for economic evaluation. Sensitivity, scenario, and value of information analyses were performed. Particular attention was given to the cost-effectiveness of the DA at various levels of diagnostic accuracy of event prediction and to different patient subgroups.ResultsHTM plus the DA extendedly dominates HTM alone, and it has a deterministic incremental cost-effectiveness ratio compared with usual care of €27,712 (currency conversion rate in purchasing power parity at the time of study: €1=US $1.29; further conversions are not applicable in cost-effectiveness terms) per quality-adjusted life year. The model showed robustness in the sensitivity and scenario analyses. HTM plus the DA had a 96.0% probability of being cost-effective at the appropriate €80,000 per quality-adjusted life year threshold. An optimal point for the threshold value for the alarm of the DA in terms of its cost-effectiveness was estimated. New York Heart Association class IV patients were the subgroup with the worst cost-effectiveness results versus usual care, while HTM plus the DA was found to be the most cost-effective for patients aged <65 years and for patients in New York Heart Association class I.ConclusionsAlthough the increased costs of adopting HTM plus the DA in the management of heart failure may seemingly be an additional strain on scarce health care resources, the results of this study demonstrate that, by increasing patient life expectancy by 1.28 years and reducing their hospitalization rate by 23% when compared with usual care, the use of this technology may be seen as an investment, as HTM plus the DA in its current form extendedly dominates HTM alone and is cost-effective compared with usual care at normally accepted thresholds in the Netherlands.
Digital Patient Experience: Umbrella Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Tingting , Giunti Guido , Melles Marijke , Goossens Richard 
Published: May 2022

Background
The adoption and use of technology have significantly changed health care delivery. Patient experience has become a significant factor in the entire spectrum of patient-centered health care delivery. Digital health facilitates further improvement and empowerment of patient experiences. Therefore, the design of digital health is served by insights into the barriers to and facilitators of digital patient experience (PEx).

Objective
This study aimed to systematically review the influencing factors and design considerations of PEx in digital health from the literature and generate design guidelines for further improvement of PEx in digital health.

Methods
We performed an umbrella systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Two rounds of small random sampling (20%) were independently reviewed by 2 reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of the articles against the selection criteria. Two-round interrater reliability was assessed using the Fleiss-Cohen coefficient (k1=0.88 and k2=0.80). Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the extracted data based on a small set of a priori categories.

Results
The search yielded 173 records, of which 45 (26%) were selected for data analysis. Findings and conclusions showed a great diversity; most studies presented a set of themes (19/45, 42%) or descriptive information only (16/45, 36%). The digital PEx–related influencing factors were classified into 9 categories: patient capability, patient opportunity, patient motivation, intervention technology, intervention functionality, intervention interaction design, organizational environment, physical environment, and social environment. These can have three types of impacts: positive, negative, or double edged. We captured 4 design constructs (personalization, information, navigation, and visualization) and 3 design methods (human-centered or user-centered design, co-design or participatory design, and inclusive design) as design considerations.

Conclusions
We propose the following definition for digital PEx: “Digital patient experience is the sum of all interactions affected by a patient’s behavioral determinants, framed by digital technologies, and shaped by organizational culture, that influence patient perceptions across the continuum of care channeling digital health.” In this study, we constructed a design and evaluation framework that contains 4 phases—define design, define evaluation, design ideation, and design evaluation—and 9 design guidelines to help digital health designers and developers address digital PEx throughout the entire design process. Finally, our review suggests 6 directions for future digital PEx–related research.
Co-design of Digital Health Interventions for Young Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Malloy Jessica A , Partridge Stephanie R , Kemper Joya A , Braakhuis Andrea , Roy Rajshri 
Published: May 2022

Background
Digital health interventions, including apps and web-based services, are on the rise due to their facilitated access to target groups. The constant evolution of technology calls for participatory research methodologies to understand youth expectations and the use of technology. The creative and collaborative nature of co-design allows for the active integration of youth desires and may enhance acceptability when it comes to digital health tools.

Objective
The primary objective of this review is to assess the breadth of literature on digital health interventions that have been co-designed for and by young adults, including the types of available evidence, the identification of key characteristics relevant to young adult co-design, and the examination of research conduct in this space.

Methods
The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Scoping Reviews. As well as the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist for reporting scoping reviews, an adaptation of Arksey and O’Malley’s 6-stage framework for scoping reviews will be referenced. Peer-reviewed primary research, where young adults (aged 15-35 years) were actively involved in the design and development process of digital health interventions, will be collated for analyses. Five databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, and Scopus, will be searched for relevant papers. Search strategies will be comprehensive to identify both published and unpublished literature. Relevant gray literature and secondary research will be excluded but pooled for separate analysis and citation chaining. Results will be presented in one or multiple forms, including narrative, tabular, or diagrammatic.

Results
Data collection commenced in October 2021. Following data extraction according to the JBI results extraction instrument and independent quality assurance of included studies, a narrative synthesis of each paper included in the final pool will allow for data charting. As of May 2022, 19 papers are included for analysis. We expect the results to be published by autumn 2022.

Conclusions
This protocol provides guidance for researchers who plan to conduct a similar style of investigation and promotes standardization of the scoping review process. We anticipate the provision of an overview of participatory digital health research involving young adults, highlighting any gaps in this research area, as well as potential areas for further study.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/38635
1051-P: Elevated Cord Serum Adiponectin Concentration Is Associated with Increased Risk for Fetal Overgrowth
Authors: CHEN XINHUA , WHITING JOSHUA A. 
Published: May 2022

Adiponectin is an important adipokine that promotes insulin sensitivity and stimulates glucose and lipids metabolism. Whether maternal and fetal adiponectin influence fetal growth is not fully understood. We examined the association of maternal (at entry and 3rd trimester, 16 and 30 weeks of gestation) and cord serum adiponectin levels with fetal growth in a nested case-control study in 100 healthy mother (age 21.5±5 yr., BMI 25.7±7) and infant pairs selected from a large prospective cohort. The samples included large for gestational age (LGA, n=32) , small for gestational age (SGA, n=26) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA, n=42) newborns. Adiponectin levels (µg/ml) were analyzed by ELISA. Multivariate analyses adjusted for potential confounding variables were performed. Adiponectin level in cord serum was 2.75 and 3.3-fold higher than that in maternal serum at entry and 3rd trimester respectively (p&lt;0.00for each) . Maternal and cord serum adiponectin were not significantly correlated at entry (r=-0.065, p&gt;0.05) and in the third trimester (r=0.066, p &gt;0.05) . Fetal adiponectin was significantly and positively correlated with infant birth weight, birth length, head and chest circumferences (r=0.254 to 0.337, p&lt;0.to p&lt;0.0001) . Moreover, the highest tertile of fetal adiponectin (highest tertile, &gt;78.0) was associated with an increased risk of LGA (AOR 3.13, 95% CI 1.18, 8.31) , and a reduced risk of SGA (AOR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05, 0.77) . In contrast, maternal adiponectin levels at entry and 3rd trimester were not associated with infant birth weight or sizes (r=-0.132 to 0.146, p&gt;0.for each) . Differences in maternal adiponectin among 3 groups of LGA, SGA and AGA were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) . Our data suggest that increased cord adiponectin level is associated with an increased risk of LGA in healthy pregnant women. It may implicate that maternal and fetus adiponectin have opposite roles in regulating and maintaining a normal fetal growth.

Disclosure
X.Chen: None. J.A.Whiting: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (R01MD007828)
1059-P: Metabolic Trajectories from Preconception to Midpregnancy Using a Nontargeted Approach in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: LI LING-JUN , WANG XIMENG , CUI LIANG , ZHANG CUILIN ,   SPRESTO STUDY GROUP
Published: May 2022

The trajectories of plasma lipids and fatty acids from preconception to antenatal phases are understudied. Within a Singapore preconception and pregnancy cohort of 373 live singletons, we ascertained 35 Chinese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to IADPSG criteria between 24-28 weeks of gestation, and matched with 35 non-GDM Chinese controls by age and pre-pregnancy body mass index. We collected bloo samples at preconception, early (11-13 weeks) , and mid-pregnancy (18-21 weeks) . We employed OPLS-DA and logistic regression to discriminate women with and without GDM using a non-targeted approach. We applied a generalized linear mixed model in cubic spline with interaction with gestation weeks to look at metabolite trajectories across three timepoints between GDM and non-GDM matches. A total of metabolites exhibited distinctive signals from pregnant women with GDM from women without GDM in early pregnancy, such as LPE 22:6 and DHA: 22:6n3. All trajectories but one (palmitic acid) showed significant increments in preconception and mid-pregnancy phases, whereas a significant reduction in early pregnancy among GDM cases. Our data identified distinctive metabolites changes across preconception and mid-pregnancy phase among GDM subjects, and such novel findings might imply potential predictive values for incident GDM.

Disclosure
L.Li: None. X.Wang: None. L.Cui: None. C.Zhang: None. Spresto study group: n/a.

Funding
Singapore-NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008; NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014; NMRC TA/0027/2014) .
113-LB: Oral Menin Inhibitor, BMF-219, Displays a Significant and Durable Reduction in HbA1c in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model
Authors: SOMANATH PRIYANKA , MOURYA SANCHITA , LI WEIQUN , ARCHER TENLEY C. , LAW BRIAN , LU DANIEL , RUGHWANI TRIPTA , KUMAR LEKHA , KINOSHITA TAISEI , BALAKRISHNAN MINI , BUTLER THOMAS 
Published: May 2022

Menin is an epigenetic regulatory protein that plays a key role in beta-cell proliferation and function, as previously demonstrated though increased beta-cell mass generation in Men1 knockout mice (Ja et al., 2021;13 (5) :e13524) . Here, we demonstrate the marked potential of an oral menin inhibitor, BMF-219, in durable glycemic control following a short course treatment in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat model. Rats were treated daily with BMF-219, liraglutide or vehicle for 28 days and monitored for an additional 28 days post-treatment. All animals tolerated BMF-219 well throughout the study. Notably, BMF-219 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1C at Day 21, which reached 3.5% absolute reduction in HbA1C versus vehicle, compared to liraglutide (1.7% reduction) at Day 29 and remained reduced throughout the entire study, including post-treatment. The high-dose arm of BMF-219 showed a strong reduction in 4-hour fasting blood glucose during the treatment up to Day 29. Both BMF-219 dose groups showed improved glycemic control by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on day 25, in contrast to vehicle and liraglutide-treated animals. Additionally, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, OGTT, HbA1C, and C-peptide levels measured at Day 57 across all groups will be reported. Collectively, these data demonstrate the novel long-acting potential of BMF-219 as an oral treatment for T2DM, in maintaining glycemic control after short-term dosing.

Disclosure
P. Somanath: Employee; Biomea Fusion, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Biomea Fusion, Inc. M. Balakrishnan: Employee; Biomea Fusion, Inc., Other Relationship; Gilead Sciences, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Biomea Fusion, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc. T. Butler: Employee; Biomea Fusion Inc. S. Mourya: Employee; Biomea Fusion, Stock/Shareholder; Ascendis Pharma A/S. W. Li: None. T. C. Archer: Employee; Biomea Fusion. B. Law: Stock/Shareholder; Biomea Fusion Inc., Mirum Pharmaceuticals. D. Lu: Employee; Biomea Fusion Inc., Stock/Shareholder; AbbVie Inc. T. Rughwani: None. L. Kumar: None. T. Kinoshita: None.