bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buyouts with rentbacks: a policy proposal for managing coastal retreat
Authors: Keeler Andrew G. , Mullin Megan , McNamara Dylan E. , Smith Martin D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe discussion of adaptation to climate change in coastal areas has focused on short-term risk reduction and climate-proofing, but there is growing recognition that—at some point in the future—relocation to less vulnerable geographical areas will become necessary for large numbers of residents in many coastal communities. Spontaneous relocations that occur after catastrophic events can entail high costs, both for those who resettle elsewhere and for the remaining community. Managed retreat attempts to reduce such costs, thereby facilitating the relocation process. Property buyouts, the most prominently discussed policy tool for managed retreat, present significant challenges in terms of equity, timing, finance, and scale. We discuss innovation in buyout policy that allows residents to remain in their homes as renters after being bought out. We develop the basic structure of such a policy and show the pathways through which it can help to finance buyouts, harmonize public and private decision-making, and manage the timing of community transition. We also recommend funding mechanisms and other details to overcome the substantial barriers to implementation. Although buyouts with rentbacks will require institutional innovation in order to serve as an effective policy framework, the policy has the potential to improve social, economic, and environmental outcomes from the eventual unfortunate but necessary migration away from coastal areas.
Sensory-Friendly Emergency Department Visit for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Scoping Review
Authors: Sadatsafavi Hessam , Vanable Lena , DeGuzman Pam , Sochor Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOur goal was to develop non-pharmacologic strategies for addressing sensory challenges that patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face in emergency departments (EDs). Search of five databases for articles written in English and published since 1980 returned 816 citations, of which 28 papers were selected for review. All studies were published in the last nine years, with 92.85% (n = 26) conducted in North America. We developed 26 consolidated strategies, encompassing five major domains, including guiding principles, care processes, people (behavior of staff members), objects, and places (facility design). Sensory-friendly care in ED requires an integrative approach and its success depends on guiding principles that tie various aspects of care and distinguishes ASD care from non-ASD care.
Medicinal Cannabis for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: a Narrative Review
Authors: Stack Sophie K. , Wheate Nial J. , Schubert Elise A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose of review

Anxiety is a prevalent mental health condition which manifests as a disproportionate response of fear to a perceived threat. Different types of anxiety disorders vary in their pathophysiology, symptoms and treatments. The causes of anxiety disorders are complex and largely unknown; however, it has been suggested that a number of brain mechanisms and neurotransmitters are involved in the development of these conditions. While there are non-pharmacological treatments for anxiety, many patients are prescribed medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and/or benzodiazepines. Unfortunately, these medications have issues with efficacy and safety, and therefore, there is a continuing need for newer medicines. The cannabis constituents of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and terpenes have been proposed as a potential treatment for anxiety conditions.

Recent findings
Medicinal cannabis constituents act on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and other targets. The ECS affects several physiological functions through modulation of the central nervous system and inflammatory pathways. In particular, CBD has been suggested to exhibit anxiolytic properties, whereas THC can either have an anxiogenic or anxiolytic effect, depending on the dose, route of administration and individual genetic and environmental factors. There is also evidence that terpenes could be effective in anxiety management.

Summary
Currently, there is a gap in the literature as to whether standardised CBD and/or THC preparations can be used for anxiety disorders. Further information is required to know the precise doses and CBD-THC ratios from human clinical trials and real-world patient use.
Nanotribology of SiP nanosheets: Effect of thickness and sliding velocity
Authors: Wu Zishuai , Yu Tongtong , Wu Wei , Liu Jianxi , Zhang Zhinan , Wang Daoai , Liu Weimin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional compounds combining group IV A element and group V A element were determined to integrate the advantages of the two groups. As a typical 2D group IV–V material, SiP has been widely used in photodetection and photocatalysis due to its high carrier mobility, appropriate bandgap, high thermal stability, and low interlayer cleavage energy. However, its adhesion and friction properties have not been extensively grasped. Here, large-size and high-quality SiP crystals were obtained by using the flux method. SiP nanosheets were prepared by using mechanical exfoliation. The layer-dependent and velocity-dependent nanotribological properties of SiP nanosheets were systematically investigated. The results indicate the friction force of SiP nanosheets decreases with the increase in layer number and reaches saturation after five layers. The coefficient of friction of multilayer SiP is 0.018. The mean friction force, frictional vibrations, and the friction strengthening effect can be affected by sliding velocity. Specially, the mean friction force increases with the logarithm of sliding velocity at nm/s scale, which is dominated by atomic stick-slip. The influence of frequency on frictional vibration is greater than speed due to the different influences on the change in contact quality. The friction strengthening saturation distance increases with the increase in speed for thick SiP nanosheets. These results provide an approach for manipulating the nanofriction properties of SiP and serve as a theoretical basis for the application of SiP in solid lubrication and microelectromechanical systems.
Numerical optimisation of the diffuser in a typical turbocharger compressor using the adjoint method
Authors: Hazizi Kristaq , Ramezanpour Ahad , Costall Aaron 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the automotive industry, the demand for fuel economy and emission reduction has resulted in engine downsizing, with turbochargers playing a key role in compensating for the performance loss. To be effective, a turbocharger’s compressor must be accurately designed to match the engine’s requirements. This study presents a novel non-parametric optimisation of the turbocharger compressor diffuser based on the compressor efficiency. The numerical models are based on the validation and mesh dependency study against experimental data from three points on each speed line of 150,000 (rpm) and 80,000 (rpm). The geometry and case data are related to the TD025-05T4 compressor from the 1.2-L Renault Megane passenger car. The turbocharger compressor diffuser geometry was optimised using the adjoint solver method within ANSYS FLUENT 2019 R1. The adjoint solver provides a gradient-based optimisation that can automatically create a series of iterations of a design, so that the mesh gradually deforms into an optimal shape to achieve a single target, the compressor efficiency in this study. The study considers a total of six operating cases on the compressor map to optimise the full and partial load compressor operations, leading to a real-world drive cycle. These cases are the three cases (closer to surge, stable midpoint, and closer to the choke point) on each of the speed lines. A typical result for mid-stable operation on a 150,000 (rpm) speed line shows a gradual increase in efficiency up to a maximum of 2.6% improvement. The optimal diffuser geometry impacts the overall car engine efficiency for real-world drive cycles, increasing power output and improving thermal efficiency.
Accuracy, feasibility and predictive ability of different frailty instruments in an acute geriatric setting
Authors: Bielza Rafael , Balaguer Cristina , Zambrana Francisco , Arias Estefanía , Thuissard Israel J. , Lung Ana , Oñoro Carlos , Pérez Patricia , Andreu-Vázquez Cristina , Neira Marta , Anguita Noemi , Sáez Carmen , de la Puente Eva María Fernández 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the feasibility, accuracy and the ability of different frailty instruments to predict adverse outcomes.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in patients ≥ 70 years admitted to the acute care setting (ACS). Feasibility and prevalence of frailty were assessed by FRAIL, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), hand grip strength (HGS) and the Spanish Frailty-VIG. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were performed to identify frailty according to each instrument, setting VIG as the reference. For each instrument, multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the effect of frailty on primary outcome (i.e., three-month mortality) and secondary outcomes (i.e., in-hospital mortality, length of stay, institutionalization, functional decline and 30-day readmission).

Results
A total of 185 patients were included, with a median age of 89 years. The feasibility of the instruments was 100%, except for HGS (67%). The prevalence of frailty varied from 65.2% (FRAIL) to 86.7% (VIG). AUCs against VIG ranged from 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.81: FRAIL) to 0.77 (95% CI 63.5–90.2: CFS). Frail patients defined by FRAIL were 2.7times more likely to have a prolonged length of stay than non-frail patients (95% CI 1.385–5.416). Three-month mortality occurred more among frail patients, either defined by FRAIL (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.072–5.881) or CFS (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.255–10.812), than in non-frail patients.

Conclusion
The four instruments had high feasibility providing variable prevalence of frailty. FRAIL and CFS predicted well for three-month mortality, and FRAIL also for length of stay. However, none of the instruments predicted for the other secondary outcomes of the study.
Mission ORCA: Orbit Refinement for Collision Avoidance
Authors: Barles Anaïs , Bilkhu Satnam , Boulnois Anthony , Arija Francisco Javier Cuesta , Albacete Guillem Duarri , Easdown William , Silvela Alvaro Estalella , Fernández Ramiro Gallego , Kent Ben , Mariscal Javier Martínez , Mata Alfonso Martinez , Pradeep Shilpa , Sinclair Giovanni , Stephens-Simonazzi Benedict , Yan Wenhan , Felicetti Leonard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForecasting of collisions between resident space objects (RSOs) is becoming critical for the future exploitation of near-Earth space. A constellation of 28 spacecrafts (plus in-orbit spares) in sun synchronous orbits is proposed as a solution for improving the current space situational awareness capabilities. Each satellite uses an optical payload to track target RSOs, with the satellite's position precisely determined. Multiple pictures of the RSO are taken, and the spacecraft attitude used to calculate the target's position relative to the spacecraft. The target's orbit is then determined from the movement of the target through the field of view over time. The system outputs orbit state vectors of the tracked object, allowing precise orbit characterisation and collision forecasting to be delivered. The constellation's design allows high temporal resolution, so reliable information can be supplied to end-users. The paper shows the results of the system design of a demonstration mission meant to verify the feasibility of the concept, performed by a team of students of Cranfield University. The exercise addresses all the aspects of the preliminary design, including the definition of the mission and system requirements, the selection of the overall mission architecture, operations, and mission phases. A cap on the overall cost allows for the realisation of the platform within a university budget. The outline of the design includes not only the selection and sizing of all the subsystems and payload but also suggests a new strategy for deploying the constellation if the demonstration mission is successful. The utilisation of high TRL and COTS components, as well as mass, power, and link budgets, demonstrate the feasibility of the overall mission concept.
Micro-credentials: A Postdigital Counternarrative
Authors: Pollard Vikki , Vincent Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlternative credentials, such as micro credentials and digital badges, are increasingly being developed in universities. Primarily aimed at employability, these credentials are being scrutinised as it is argued that they are surrounded by ‘great uncertainty’. We contribute to this scrutiny by examining the forms of subjectivity that result from micro-credentials. We argue that, in their current form, they tend to result in a neoliberal subject. Presented is a counter-narrative that examines the current state of micro-credentials and offers an alternative form that refuses instrumentalist logics. In doing so, we draw from Foucault and postdigital research. The result is a recommendation to implement three principles in the design of micro-credentials. The first is the principle of being embedded in the curriculum, the second is alignment with the university mission, and the third is a critical and reflective pedagogy. This recommendation offers further possible subjectivities.
An Efficient and Secure Vehicular Networks Based on IoT and Cloud Computing
Authors: El Zouka Hesham A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUndeniably, the increasing number of vehicles on the roads has automatically led to the unbelievable number of accidents occurring every day and the need for a safe communication system among the vehicles has become quite urgent. Using such systems, vehicles can communicate via wireless communication technologies and protocols like ZigBee, WiMax, Bluetooth, GSM, and RF. This paper introduces a communication system that works on preventing accidents by making all the surrounding vehicles communicate using RF, IoT, and LCD technologies to show all the warnings and the indications sent from other vehicles and a VLC that is connected to every vehicle to detect and send all needed information of occurring accidents on the road to all connected vehicles and to identify the hit or damaged ones. Moreover, the framework proposed in this paper attempts to perform mutual authentication procedures between vehicles and road-side units based on radio frequency identification devices and cloud computing. According to this framework, a low-cost device has been implemented using an LED lamp and an electrical circuit to control the LED luminous flux, and the modulated carrier signal has also been modified to effectively suppress the low-frequency noise. It should be noted that the experiments have shown that vehicular networks must be resilient and self-adapted to failures and potential threats to support coordinated transportation systems. Finally, the security analysis has also shown that the proposed framework is efficient, easily deployed and capable of finding the best routing paths between communicating vehicles.
An after-school STEM program through the lens of intersectionality
Authors: Mistretta S. , Abel Y. , Matos D. , Egger J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article employs the six tenets of intersectional research to examine the interconnections of oppression, relationality, complexity, context, deconstruction, and comparison that shape study participants’ experiences. This study was conducted at an after-school STEM program in a poverty-demographic through the lens of intersectionality. This is important because present literature that examines urban demographics and underserved students does not take into consideration the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and citizenship as this study reveals. Digital badges, individually awarded to students upon successful completion of 28 small-skill videos while programming in MIT App Inventor, yielded data about persistence through increasingly difficult coding techniques which is a desirable trait for individuals interested in pursuing STEM-focused high schools or professional careers. The results of this study reveal that the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and citizenship create a void of power such that children living in this poverty demographic have diminished access to authentic STEM environments and opportunities.
deCS: A Tool for Systematic Cell Type Annotations of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Among Human Tissues
Authors: Pei Guangsheng , Yan Fangfang , Simon Lukas M. , Dai Yulin , Jia Peilin , Zhao Zhongming 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is revolutionizing the study of complex and dynamic cellular mechanisms. However, cell type annotation remains a main challenge as it largely relies on a priori knowledge and manual curation, which is cumbersome and subjective. The increasing number of scRNA-seq datasets, as well as numerous published genetic studies, has motivated us to build a comprehensive human cell type reference atlas. Here, we present decoding Cell type Specificity (deCS), an automatic cell type annotation method augmented by a comprehensive collection of human cell type expression profiles and marker genes. We used deCS to annotate scRNA-seq data from various tissue types and systematically evaluated the annotation accuracy under different conditions, including reference panels, sequencing depth, and feature selection strategies. Our results demonstrate that expanding the references is critical for improving annotation accuracy. Compared to many existing state-of-the-art annotation tools, deCS significantly reduced computation time and increased accuracy. deCS can be integrated into the standard scRNA-seq analytical pipeline to enhance cell type annotation. Finally, we demonstrated the broad utility of deCS to identify trait–cell type associations in 51 human complex traits, providing deep insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis. All documents for deCS, including source code, user manual, demo data, and tutorials, are freely available at https://github.com/bsml320/deCS.
A case report: Colonoscopy-induced perforated diverticulitis
Authors: Morgan A. , Yglesias B. , DeVito P. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and importance:
Colonoscopies are a common procedure performed today as an outpatient procedure. Currently, colonoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance of colon cancer. Colonoscopies are a safe procedure with a low complication risk; however, that risk varies based on if any interventions were performed, such as a polypectomy. A systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force noted that serious harm occurred in 2.8 per 1000 screening colonoscopies. Other studies have demonstrated a perforation rate of 0.5 per 1000 colonoscopies, post-colonoscopy bleeding rate of 2.6 per 1000 colonoscopies, and a mortality rate of 2.9 per 100,000 colonoscopies. A recent systematic review also noted post-colonoscopy diverticulitis as a potential complication, with time to diagnosis ranging from 2 h to 30 days, necessitating early recognition to help guide appropriate treatment. In this case report, we describe a patient who developed post-colonoscopy diverticulitis who presented to the emergency room with perforated diverticulitis requiring emergency sigmoid colectomy with end colostomy.

Case presentation:
A 63-year-old male who presented as an outpatient to the surgery clinic in need of a screening colonoscopy for a history of polyps and family history of colon cancer. He underwent an outpatient colonoscopy, which demonstrated sigmoid and ascending diverticula with no polyps or acute inflammation. One week later, he presented to the emergency room with left lower quadrant pain. He was subsequently diagnosed with perforated diverticulitis and was taken to the operating room for a sigmoid colectomy with an end colostomy.

Clinical discussion:
Although serious complications after a colonoscopy are rare, they do occur, and therefore, patients should be counseled preoperatively regarding the potential risks of the procedure. It is unclear what factors contributed to the patient's post-colonoscopy diverticulitis. He denied any previous abdominal surgeries or previous episodes of diverticulitis. He did have a history of colon polyps, but this colonoscopy did not include a polypectomy or any interventions. He also was taking daily prednisone, which may have increased his risk for an emergency procedure when presenting with diverticulitis. Given the limited data describing post-colonoscopy diverticulitis, further studies are needed to better characterize patients at risk and to decrease the occurrence.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the importance of a thorough discussion of potential complications before any procedure, even if the overall risks are low. In the emergency room, obtaining a detailed patient history, physical exam, laboratory work, and proper imaging lead to a proper diagnosis of post-colonoscopy diverticulitis despite the rare presentation.
Microphysical Characteristics of the Phase‐Locking VRW‐Induced Asymmetric Convection in the Outer Eyewall of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019)
Authors: Huang Hao , Li Qingqing , Zhao Kun , Dai Huaning , Ming Jie , Fan Xueqi , Xu Yuanyuan , Duan Yihong , Lee Wen‐Chau , Zheng Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrophysical signatures relevant to the asymmetric convection in the outer eyewall of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019) before its landfall in China were analyzed from ground‐based radar observations. The results indicate that the microphysical characteristics varied in quadrants. In the upshear‐left outer eyewall, the convection was deepened on the inner edge due to the phase locking between vortex Rossby waves (VRWs), and warm rain was the predominant process contributing to the enhancement of rainfall. In contrast, the strongest precipitation occurred on the outer edge of the upshear‐right outer eyewall. In this region, exuberant riming processes and graupel formation prevailed above the melting layer due to the strongest and more outward tilted updrafts induced by the phase locking between the VRWs. A good deal of graupel melted into raindrops, along with significant accretion processes, produced intense rainfall with larger drop sizes.
Phase Coherence Between Surrounding Oceans Enhances Precipitation Shortages in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Mao Y. , Zou Y. , Alves L. M. , Macau E. E. N. , Taschetto A. S. , Santoso A. , Kurths J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the direct and indirect impact of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans on precipitation in the region of Northeast Brazil (NEB) is crucial for monitoring unprecedented drought events. We propose nonlinear methods of phase coherence and generalized event synchronization analysis to understand the underlying mechanism. In particular, the relationships between sea surface temperature (SST) variability and the standard precipitation index are interpreted as direct interactions, while the relationships between surrounding oceans are interpreted as indirect effects on the precipitation. Our results reveal a dominant role of tropical North Atlantic for precipitation deficit and droughts, particularly in recent decades. Meanwhile, the indirect Pacific‐North Atlantic phase synchronizations have significant influence on and reinforcement of the droughts in NEB. Furthermore, we find that the instantaneous angular frequencies of precipitation and SST are drastically changed after very strong El Niño and La Niña events, therefore resulting in a higher probability of phase coherence.