bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Effect of Podophyllotoxin-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles on
Proliferation of Colorectal (HT-29) and Breast (MCF-7) Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Bardania Hassan , Mansourian Mahboubeh , Peimanimotlagh Sayed Mehdi , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Talebianpoor Mohammad Sharif , Salehpour Zeinab , Ghalamfarsa Ghasem , Ardakani Maryam Tajali 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Treatment used for cancer is generally associated with
serious side effects. New solutions for cancer therapy can overcome the shortcomings
and problems of conventional therapies by designing drug delivery nanosystems.

Methods:
In this study, magnetic Fe3O4@AU@albumin core-shell-shell (CSS)
nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by various analyses, such as
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating
sample magnetization (VSM). Podophyllotoxin (PPT) was then loaded on magnetic
nanoparticles as an anti-cancer drug and its effect on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines
was evaluated using an MTT assay.

Result:
The crystallinity of synthesized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was
confirmed by XRD analysis. Next, a layer of gold was coated with the Fe3O4
MNPs. The UV-Vis analysis of core-shell nanoparticles (iron oxide/gold)
confirmed the successful synthesis of these nanoparticles. The surface of the coreshell
nanoparticles was then coated with albumin to load the drug. TEM image
confirmed the existence of albumin nanoparticles loaded with core-shell magnetic
nanoparticles. VSM analysis revealed that iron oxide, Fe3O4@AU, and
Fe3O4@AU@albumin nanoparticles have the highest magnetic properties,
respectively. After the synthesis of PPT loaded onto MNP, the loading efficiency
was found to be 50%. The IC50 values of PPT alone and loaded onto nanoparticles
on MCF-7 cells after 24 hours were 3085.75 and 1868.09 nM, respectively, which
were significantly toxic (P-value ≤ 0.05) but not significant after 48 hours. The PPT
loaded on nanoparticles was found to be significantly more toxic to HT-29 cells
after 24 and 48 h than PPT alone (P-value ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
The anticancer drug of PPT-loaded MNPs has significant advantages
over PPT alone due to its improved properties with appropriate cytotoxic activity.
Thus, the PPT-loaded MNPs may be considered effective anti-cancer agents for
further research on drug development.
Perspectives in Quantum Coupling, Interferences, and Enhanced Properties
on Graphene Derivatives
Authors: Bracamonte Angel Guillermo , Miñambres Guadalupe , Kirschen O. In den 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Highly conjugated carbon-based molecules and nanostructures could
show interesting quantum properties for different developments. Quantum emission, encryption,
and participation in signal transmissions could contribute to new quantum and nanotechnology.

Methods:
Quantum properties were analyzed from experimental data recorded with different optical
setup configurations and appropriate lasers. The data discussed were correlated and compared
with calculations.

Results:
In this review, we discuss the quantum properties of graphene and its derivatives produced
by their high electronic densities from highly organized carbon-based structures. We also
evaluate their coupling properties by combining other nanomaterial sources with atomic compositions
that generate different energy levels of quantized states. Quantum emissions, pseudoelectromagnetic
field interactions, quantum interferences in Fermi and Landau levels, conduction
bands, plasmonic interactions, opto-electronics, electron conductions, and transference implications
are also analyzed.

Conclusion:
The coupling of quantum properties formed from the sub-atomic level towards the
transference and transduction to larger scales beyond the nano- and microscale was reviewed. We
refer to the future perspectives of the phenomena discussed and their potential applications.
The Concept of Repurposing in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Potey Lata , Dudhe Anshu Chaudhary , Tumme Dhanashri , Dudhea Rupesh , Sable Prafulla 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The strategy of drug repurposing has been proved successful in response to the current coronavirus
pandemic, with remdesivir becoming the first drug of choice, an antiviral drug approved for the
treatment of COVID-19. In parallel to this, several drugs, such as antimalarial, corticosteroids, and antibiotics,
like azithromycin, are used to treat the severe condition of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, while
clinical testing of additional therapeutic drugs, including vaccines, is going on. It is reasonably expected
that this review article will deliver optimized and specific curative tools that will increase the attentiveness
of health systems to the probable outlook of epidemics in the future. This review focuses on the application
of repurposed drugs by studying their structure, pharmacokinetic study, different mechanisms of
action, and Covid-19 guidelines, which can potentially influence SARS-CoV-2. For most of the drugs,
direct clinical evidence regarding their effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 is missing. Future
clinical trial studies may conclude that one of these can be more potential to inhibit the progression of
COVID-19.
Exploring Patient Multimorbidity and Complexity Using Health Insurance Claims Data: A Cluster Analysis Approach
Authors: Nicolet Anna , Assouline Dan , Le Pogam Marie-Annick , Perraudin Clémence , Bagnoud Christophe , Wagner Joël , Marti Joachim , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: February 2022

Background
Although the trend of progressing morbidity is widely recognized, there are numerous challenges when studying multimorbidity and patient complexity. For multimorbid or complex patients, prone to fragmented care and high health care use, novel estimation approaches need to be developed.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the patient multimorbidity and complexity of Swiss residents aged ≥50 years using clustering methodology in claims data.

Methods
We adopted a clustering methodology based on random forests and used 34 pharmacy-based cost groups as the only input feature for the procedure. To detect clusters, we applied hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise. The reasonable hyperparameters were chosen based on various metrics embedded in the algorithms (out-of-bag misclassification error, normalized stress, and cluster persistence) and the clinical relevance of the obtained clusters.

Results
Based on cluster analysis output for 18,732 individuals, we identified an outlier group and 7 clusters: individuals without diseases, patients with only hypertension-related diseases, patients with only mental diseases, complex high-cost high-need patients, slightly complex patients with inexpensive low-severity pharmacy-based cost groups, patients with 1 costly disease, and older high-risk patients.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that cluster analysis based on pharmacy-based cost group information from claims-based data is feasible and highlights clinically relevant clusters. Such an approach allows expanding the understanding of multimorbidity beyond simple disease counts and can identify the population profiles with increased health care use and costs. This study may foster the development of integrated and coordinated care, which is high on the agenda in policy making, care planning, and delivery.
Creating Effective, Evidence-Based Video Communication of Public Health Science (COVCOM Study): Protocol for a Sequential Mixed Methods Effect Study
Authors: Røislien Jo , O'Hara Jane K , Smeets Ionica , Brønnick Kolbjørn , Berg Siv Hilde , Shortt Marie Therese , Lungu Daniel Adrian , Thune Henriette , Wiig Siri 
Published: February 2022

Background
The nonlinear nature of contagious diseases and the potential for exponential growth can be difficult to grasp for the general public. This has strong implications for public health communication, which needs to be both easily accessible and efficient. A pandemic is an extreme situation, and the accompanying strict societal measures are generally easier to accept if one understands the underlying reasoning behind them. Bringing about informed attitude change and achieving compliance to strict restrictions requires explanations of scientific concepts and terminologies that laypersons can understand.

Objective
The aim of the project is to develop effective, evidence-based modes of video communication for translating complex, but important, health messages about pandemics to both the general population and decision makers. The study uses COVID-19 as a case to learn and prepare society for handling the ongoing and future pandemics, as well as to provide evidence-based tools for the science communication toolbox.

Methods
The project applies a mixed methods design, combining qualitative methods (eg, interviews, observational studies, literature reviews) and quantitative methods (eg, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). The project brings together researchers from a wide range of academic fields, as well as communication industry professionals.

Results
This study has received funding from the Trond Mohn Foundation through the Research Council of Norway’s “COVID-19 Emergency Call for Proposals” March 2020. Recruitment and data collection for the exploratory first phase of the project ran from February 2021 to March 2021. Creative communication work started in May 2021, and the production of videos for use in the RCTs in the final phase of the project started in September 2021.

Conclusions
The COVCOM project will take on several grand challenges within the field of communicating science and provide evidence-based tools to the science communication toolbox. A long-term goal of the project is to contribute to the creation of a more resilient health care system by developing communication responses tailormade for different audiences, preparing society for any future pandemic.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/34275
ON ASYMTOTIC APPROXIMATIONS OF FIRST INTEGRALS FOR DIFFERENTIAL AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Authors: Horssen W.T. van 
Published: February 2022

In this paper the concept of integrating factors for differential equations and the concept of invariance factors for difference equations to obtain first integrals or invariants will be presented. It will be shown that all integrating factors have to satisfya system of partial differential equations, and that all invariance factors have to satisfy a functional equation. In the period 1997-2001 a perturbation method based on integrating vectors was developed to approximate first integrals for systems of ordinary differential equations. This perturbation method will be reviewed shortly. Also in the paper the first results in the development of a perturbation method for difference equations based on invariance factors will be presented. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.13.1.70.1-16
Depositional Environment and Microfacies Analysis of Yamama Formation in North Rumaila Oil Field, South Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Noor Alhuda , Nasser Medhat E. 
Published: February 2022

Yamama Formation is an important sequence in southern Iraq. Petrographic analysis was used to determine and analyze the microfacies and pore types. The diagenetic processes and the impacts on the petrophysical properties of the rocks were also identified. The petrographic identification was based on data of 250 thin sections of cutting and core samples from four wells that were supplied by the Iraqi Oil Exploration Company (O.E.C). The present study focuses on the depositional environment and the microfacies analysis of Yamama Formation. The results revealed several types of microfacies, including peloidal wackestone-packstone, algal wackestone-packstone, bioclastic wackestone-packstone, foraminiferal wackestone, bioclastic wackestone, and mudstone. The latter was divided into two submicrofacies, namely argillaceous lime mudstone and sparse fossiliferous lime mudstone. The study showed that Yamama Formation was deposited through various settings within the carbonate platform; these comprise inner ramp, middle ramp, and outer ramp settings. The inner and middle ramp settings, characterized at the top and middle Formation, have high effective porosity and low clay volume, due to dominant packstone.
Direct sum of π-projective semimodules
Authors: Altaee Muna M. T. , Alhossaini Asaad. A. M. 
Published: February 2022

Let A, and N are a semiring ,and a left A- semimodule, respectively. In this work we will discuss two cases:

The direct summand of π-projective semi module is π-projective, while the direct sum of two π-projective semimodules in general is not π-projective . The details of the proof will be given.
We will give a condition under which the direct sum of two π-projective semi modules is π-projective, as well as we also set conditions under which π-projective semi modules are projective.
The Effectiveness of Gait Retraining on Running Kinematics, Kinetics, Performance, Pain, and Injury in Distance Runners: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Doyle Eoin , Doyle Tim L. A. , Bonacci Jason , Fuller Joel T. 
Published: February 2022

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of running gait retraining on kinematics, kinetics, performance, pain, and injury in distance runners. Design Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. Literature Search Seven electronic databases from inception to March 2021. Trial Selection Criteria Randomized controlled trials that (1) evaluated running gait retraining compared to no intervention, usual training, placebo, or standard care and (2) reported biomechanical, physiological, performance, or clinical outcomes. Data Synthesis Random-effects metaanalyses were completed, and the certainty of evidence was judged using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. We categorized interventions into step rate, non-rearfoot footstrike, impact, ground contact time, and multiparameter subgroups. Results We included 19 trials (673 participants). Moderate-certainty evidence indicated step rate gait retraining increased step rate (SMD 1.03 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.63, 1.44]; number of trials (N): 4; I2: 0%) and reduced average vertical loading rate (SMD −0.57 [95% CI, −1.05 to −0.09], N: 3; I2: 0%). Low-certainty evidence indicated non-rearfoot footstrike retraining increased knee flexion at initial contact (SMD 0.74 [95% CI, 0.11 to 1.37]; N: 2; I2: 0%), but did not alter running economy (SMD 0.21 [95% CI, −1.11 to 1.52]; N: 3; I2: 19%).). Low-certainty evidence indicated multiparameter retraining did not alter running economy (SMD 0.32 [−0.39, 1.02]; N: 3; I2: 19%) or performance (SMD 0.14 [95% CI, −4.87 to 4.58]; N: 2; I2: 18%). Insufficient trials reported on pain outcomes. Two trials demonstrated reduced 1-year injury incidence following gait retraining. Conclusions Gait retraining interventions altered step rate and knee kinematics, lowered vertical loading rates, and did not affect running performance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(4):192–206. Epub 05 Feb 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10585
Measurement Properties of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale and Its Current Uses: An Updated Systematic Review of 57 Studies Using COSMIN Guidelines
Authors: Pathak Anupa , Wilson Ross , Sharma Saurab , Pryymachenko Yana , Ribeiro Daniel Cury , Chua Jason , Abbott J Haxby 
Published: February 2022

Objective To systematically review measurement properties, including acceptability, feasibility, and interpretability, and current uses of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS). Design Systematic review of a patient-reported outcome measure using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Literature Search We searched 11 databases from January 2010 to July 2020 for articles on measurement properties or use of PSFS. Study Selection Criteria Published primary articles without language restrictions. Data Synthesis Two independent reviewers screened all records, extracted data, and performed risk of bias assessments using COSMIN guidelines. We qualitatively synthesized findings for each measurement property in musculoskeletal and nonmusculoskeletal conditions, and 2 reviewers independently performed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessments. This study was preregistered with the Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/42UZT ). Results Of the 985 articles screened, we included 57 articles on measurement properties and 255 articles on the use of PSFS. The PSFS had sufficient test-retest reliability in musculoskeletal (22 studies, 845 participants, low-to-moderate certainty) and nonmusculoskeletal conditions (6 studies, 197 participants, very low certainty), insufficient construct validity as a measure of physical function (21 studies, 2 945 participants, low-to-moderate certainty), and sufficient responsiveness (32 studies, 13 770 participants, moderate-to-high certainty). The standard error of measurement ranged from 0.35 to 1.5. The PSFS was used in 87 unique health conditions, some without prior evidence of validity. Conclusion The PSFS is an easy-to-use, reliable, and responsive scale in numerous musculoskeletal conditions, but the construct validity of PSFS remains uncertain. Further study of the measurement properties of the PSFS in nonmusculoskeletal conditions is necessary before clinical use. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(5):262–275. Epub: 05 Feb 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10727
PREDIKSI PERTUMBUHAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2022
Authors: Widodo Rudy , Adhidharma Galih , M. Arna Ramadhan  
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi pertumbuhan perbankan syariah tahun 2022 di Indonesia yang dilihat dari aspek aset, pembiayaan, dan dana pihak ketiga. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data aset, pembiayaan, dan dana pihak ketiga perbankan syariah periode Januari 2011 sampai dengan September 2021. Variabel penyerta yang digunakan untuk memprediksi pertumbuhan perbankan syariah adalah Return on Asset (ROA), Not Perfoming Financing (NPF), inflasi, BI rate, Indesk Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG), dan Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Analisis data menggunakan metode forecasting ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), ARIMAX (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variables), dan VAR (Vector Autoregressive). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aset, pembiayaan, dan dana pihak ketiga perbankan syariah tahun 2022 tetap akan mengalami pertumbuhan yang positif dimana besaran aset perbankan syariah diprediksi mencapai 694 hingga 734 triliun rupiah. Pertumbuhan pembiayaan mencapai 452 hingga 470 triliun rupiah dan pertumbuhan dana pihak ketiga mencapai 549 sampai dengan 575 triliun rupiah.
China’s Development of Gwadar as a Regional Maritime Hub
Authors: Iqbal Rahat , Jan Inamullah , Yousafzai Zafar Iqbal 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This article aims at analyzing China’s development of Gwadar as a maritime hub in the region. Gwadar, after Karachi and Bin Qasim Port is the third seaport of Pakistan, which has a greater impact not only on Pakistan but also on regions, especially China. Moreover, the paper through light on the features of CPEC which connects Gwadar with China. Challenges which Gwadar has to face in the near future are also analyzed.
Methodology: Qualitative and analytical method is used to conduct this research.
Findings: The paper concludes that Gwadar is a potential maritime economic hub in the region.
Implications: Hence, the joint venture will not only bring multiple benefits to China-Pakistan but also bring opportunities to the adjacent regions: Central Asia, Middle East and Persian Gulf.
KRIM ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea Arabica)
Authors: Puspitasari Anita Dwi 
Published: February 2022

Daun kopi arabika mengandung senyawa antara lain flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami yang dapat menghambat radikal bebas. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kopi arabika memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 19,856 ± 0,126 µg/ml. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai IC50 dari krim ekstrak etanol daun kopi arabika dengan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) dan karakteristik fisika kimia sediaan krim. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, kemudian dilakukan uji kualitatif senyawa flavonoid. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dalam krim adalah 0,1%, 0,2%, dan 0,3%. Aktivitas antioksidan krim diuji dengan metode DPPH serta diamati karakteristik fisik kimia krim meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya lekat, viskositas, dan daya sebar. Data uji kualitatif senyawa flavonoid ditujukan untuk senyawa flavanoid, selanjutnya stabilitas fisika krim dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier, uji aktivitas sediaan krim dihitung menggunakan persentase aktivitas antioksidan dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak dihitung menggunakan nilai IC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun kopi arabika mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun kopi arabika diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 3,578 µg/ml, sedangkan kuersetin diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 15,09 µg/ml. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan sediaan krim FI, FII, dan FIII menunjukkan persen aktivitas antioksidan berturut-turut sebesar 21,390%, 26,152%, dan 37,097%. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dalam formulasi sediaan krim memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat fisika dan kimia krim.
PENERAPAN MESIN PENGADUK PADA UKM OLAHAN WALUH DI KECAMATAN GETASAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Sunyoto Sunyoto , Zahrulianingdyah Atiek , Rosidah Rosidah , Anisykulillah Indah 
Published: February 2022

The aim of this activity is to solve the problems faced by SMEs engaged in processing pumpkin as a superior product of Semarang Regency, Central Java. As an activity partner is UKM "KARUNA" led by Mrs. Nanik with the address of Getasan Village, Getasan District, Kab. Semarang. The main product of SME partners is geplak waluh (as snack). The process of making geplak waluh goes through several steps, and the most burdensome stage is the stirring process which takes a long time (8 hours) and is done manually. To overcome this problem, the implementation team has designed appropriate technology in the form of a geplak waluh mixer. The activity method includes several stages, including problem analysis, concept design, drawing work, component manufacturing, assembly, machine testing, and machine refinement. This activity has succeeded in implementing a geplak pumpkin mixer with 1 HP electric motor, 23.33 RPM stirring blade rotation, 24 kg production capacity, 5 hours cooking process. Thus the application of this machine can save 3 hours of time (37,5%), better product quality, more hygienic, and relieve workers