bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylglyoxal and glyoxalase 1—a metabolic stress pathway-linking hyperglycemia to the unfolded protein response and vascular complications of diabetes
Authors: Rabbani Naila 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study of the glyoxalase system by Thornalley and co-workers in clinical diabetes mellitus and correlation with diabetic complications revealed increased exposure of patients with diabetes to the reactive, dicarbonyl metabolite methylglyoxal (MG). Twenty-eight years later, extended and built on by Thornalley and co-workers and others, the glyoxalase system is an important pathway contributing to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications of diabetes. Other related advances have been: characterization of a new kind of metabolic stress—‘dicarbonyl stress’; identification of the major physiological advanced glycation endproduct (AGE), MG-H1; physiological substrates of the unfolded protein response (UPR); new therapeutic agents—‘glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) inducers’; and a refined mechanism underlying the link of dysglycemia to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications of diabetes.
New molecules in plant defence against pathogens
Authors: Eccleston Laura , Brambilla Alessandro , Vlot A. Corina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plants host a multipart immune signalling network to ward off pathogens. Pathogen attack upon plant tissues can often lead to an amplified state of (induced) defence against subsequent infections in distal tissues; this is known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The interaction of plants with beneficial microbes of the rhizosphere microbiome can also lead to an induced resistance in above-ground plant tissues, known as induced systemic resistance. Second messengers such as calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) are necessary for cell-to-cell signal propagation during SAR and show emergent roles in the mediation of other SAR metabolites. These include the lysine-derived signals pipecolic acid (Pip) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), which are key signalling metabolites in SAR. Emerging evidence additionally pinpoints plant volatiles as modulators of defence signalling within and between plants. Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as monoterpenes can promote SAR by functioning through ROS. Furthermore, plant-derived and additionally also microbial VOCs can target both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling pathways in plants and modulate defence against pathogens. In this review, an overview of recent findings in induced defence signalling, with a particular focus on newer signalling molecules and how they integrate into these networks is discussed.
CHEMOUT: CHEMical complexity in star-forming regions of the OUTer Galaxy
Authors: Fontani F. , Schmiedeke A. , Sánchez-Monge A. , Colzi L. , Elia D. , Rivilla V. M. , Beltrán M. T. , Bizzocchi L. , Caselli P. , Magrini L. , Romano D. 
Published: June 2022

Context. The outer Galaxy is an environment with a lower metallicity than the regions surrounding the Sun and for this reason the formation and survival of molecules in star-forming regions located in the inner and outer Galaxy are expected to be different.
Aims. To gain understanding of how chemistry changes throughout the Milky Way, it is crucial to observe the outer star-forming regions of the Galaxy in order to constrain models adapted for lower metallicity environments.
Methods. The project ‘chemical complexity in star-forming regions of the outer Galaxy’ (CHEMOUT) is designed to address this problem by observing a sample of 35 star-forming cores at Galactocentric distances of up to ~23 kpc with the Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m telescope in various 3 mm and 2 mm bands. In this work, we analyse observations of methanol (CH3OH), one of the simplest complex organic molecules and crucial for organic chemistry in star-forming regions, and of two chemically related species, HCO and formaldehyde (H2CO), towards 15 out of the 35 targets of the CHEMOUT sample. More specifically, we consider only the targets for which both HCO and H2CO were previously detected, which are precursors of CH3OH.
Results. We detected CH3OH in all 15 targets. The emission is associated with an extended envelope, as the average angular size is ~47″ (i.e. ~2.3 pc at a representative heliocentric distance of 10 kpc). Using a local thermodynamic equilibrium approach, we derive CH3OH excitation temperatures in the range ~7–16 K and line widths ≤4 km s−1, which are consistent with emission from a cold and quiescent envelope. The CH3OH fractional abundances with respect to H2 range between ~0.6 × 10−9 and ~7.4 × 10−9. These values are comparable to those found in star-forming regions in the inner and local Galaxy. H2CO and CH3OH show well-correlated line velocities, line widths, and fractional abundances with respect to H2, indicating that their emission originates from similar gas. These correlations are not seen with HCO, suggesting that CH3OH is likely more chemically related to H2CO than to HCO.
Conclusions. Our results have important implications for the organic and possibly pre-biotic chemistry occurring in the outermost star-forming regions of the Galaxy, and can help to set the boundaries of the Galactic habitable zone.
AIoT with I4.0: the effect of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence technologies on the industry 4.0
Authors: Haqiq Nasreddine , Zaim Mounia , Bouganssa Issam , Salbi Adil , Sbihi Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) extend the connectivity into billions of IoT devices around the world. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the best solution to manage huge data flow and storage in IoT network. Nowadays, IoT is becoming more popular with the invention of high internet speed and many advanced sensors that can be integrated into a microcontroller. Internet of Things relies on Artificial Intelligence technology which gives the term of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT).
AIoT is transformational and mutually beneficial for both technologies, as AI adds values to IoT through materials and software. This fusion impacts the revolution of industry 4.0 such as maintenance, production chains, optimization and logistics applied in industries to achieve increased productivity, profitability, efficiency, safety, and security.In this paper we will discuss the merge of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things, the soft-hard of AIoT and the impact of AIoT on the industry 4.0 applications.
Coronary Artery Z-scores in Febrile Children with Suspected Kawasaki's Disease—The Value of Serial Echocardiography
Authors: Gerling Stephan , Hörl Maria , Geis Tobias , Zant Robert , Dechant Markus-Johann , Melter Michael , Michel Holger 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Progressive enlargement of the coronary artery (CA) diameters on serial echocardiography can support diagnosis of Kawasaki's disease (KD) even CA dimensions are within the normal range.
Methods A single-center, retrospective study compared mean Z-scores of the proximal CA internal diameters in children hospitalized with non-KD febrile illnesses (FCs) with those of KD patients.
Results A total of 223 patients with suspicion of KD have been admitted over a period of 16 years and data were evaluable for 176 children. Distributions for age, sex, and body surface area were similar for both groups. FC had a significantly shorter duration of hospitalization, higher levels of hemoglobin, lower levels of liver transaminases, and segmented neutrophils, respectively. The majority of FC patients (75/82, 91.5%) had normal CA Z-scores (p < 0.001) and only 3 (3.7%) had CA Z-score ≥2.5 standard deviation (SD). In KD, subjects (46/94, 49.5%) had a CA dilation (Z-score ≥2.5 SD) and the maximum CA Z-score (Zmax) was significantly higher compared with FC patients (p < 0.001). On serial echocardiograms, FC patients showed a mild decrease, whereas KD patients developed a significant increase of CA Zmax (p < 0.001). Seven KD patients had a segmental dilation of a CA which has been confirmed by cardiac catheter. In FC, no segmental dilation of any CA was documented by echocardiography.
Conclusion This study found that mean CA dimensions in FCs were smaller and did not increase in serial echocardiograms compared with KD patients.
Sistematização das etapas para impressão de modelos 3D de deformidades ortopédicas
Authors: Pontes Mariana Demétrio de Sousa , Ramos Carlos Henrique , Cunha Luiz Antonio Munhoz da 
Published: June 2022

ResumoAssim como em diversas áreas do conhecimento, a tecnologia de prototipagem rápida ou manufatura aditiva, conhecida popularmente como impressão tridimensional (3D), vem ganhando espaço na medicina nos últimos anos, com diferentes aplicações. Inúmeros são os benefícios desta ciência na cirurgia ortopédica, ao permitir a conversão de exames de imagem em modelos tridimensionais. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo é descrever um passo-a-passo prático para a impressão de peças a partir de exames de imagem de pacientes. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, considerando exames de tomografia computadorizada (TC) pré-operatórios de pacientes portadores de deformidades ortopédicas. Inicialmente, o exame em formato digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM, na sigla em inglês) deve ser importado para o software de reconstrução tridimensional de estruturas anatômicas para o processo de segmentação e de conversão para o formato stereolithography (STL, na sigla em inglês). A próxima etapa é a importação do arquivo STL para o software de modelagem 3D, o qual permite trabalhar de forma livre manipulando a malha 3D. Finalizado o processo de edição, deve-se transferir o arquivo para o software fatiador para realizar as configurações de impressão e para salvar o arquivo em formato G-code para a materialização do objeto na impressora. Os modelos 3D foram impressos de forma aditiva, na impressora de tecnologia fused deposition modeling (FDM, na sigla em inglês) GTMax3D Core A3v2.
Expression of Neuron-Specific Enolase and Other Neuroendocrine Markers is Correlated with Prognosis and Response to Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Chowdhury Somshankar , Kataria S.P , Yadav Amit Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common hematological malignancy. There is very little known about the expression of neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers and their clinical significance in NHL due to the paucity of studies. Our objective was to study the expression of neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers in NHL and correlate with clinical parameters.
Materials and Methods All cases diagnosed as NHL on morphology and immunohistochemistry (World Health Organization, 2016 classification) were included in the study. Immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, and chromogranin A was performed. The results were correlated with clinical parameters and response to chemotherapy.
Results A total of 66 cases were included in the study with a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. The most frequent subtypes observed were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified and follicular lymphoma. Among the neuroendocrine markers, positivity was observed only for NSE, whereas the other markers were uniformly negative. It was positive in both B- and T-cell lymphomas and in many different subtypes. No relation with the age and sex of the patients was observed. However, NSE-positive cases, more frequently, presented in the advanced stage as compared with NSE negative (61 vs. 38%). All NSE-positive cases showed remission with chemotherapy.
Conclusion Among the neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers, positivity was observed only for NSE. This isolated positivity suggests cross-binding of NSE antibodies with some other isoenzyme of NSE. NSE positivity was associated with higher stage and better response to therapy. Despite this apparent paradox, it is recommended that NSE should be part of routine immunohistochemical panel for NHL.
An Australian Algorithm to Guide the Surgical Management of Chronic Prosthetic Joint Infection: A Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach
Authors: Jiang Melinda , Sires James , Daniel Santhosh , Roberts Matthew B. , Wilson Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a leading cause of failure for total joint arthroplasty. Historically, two-stage revision arthroplasty has been considered the gold standard approach to chronic PJI, however, emerging evidence suggests that one-stage revision arthroplasty may be underutilized. To our knowledge, there have been no previously published guidelines for the surgical management of chronic PJI in Australia, resulting in significant heterogeneity in management within and across centers. We aim to review contemporary concepts in the surgical management of PJI and develop an evidence-based algorithm to optimize the management of chronic hip and knee PJI, incorporating a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach. A review was conducted to identify existing articles discussing surgical management of chronic PJI, specifically contraindications to one-stage revision arthroplasty. Absolute contraindications for one-stage revision include difficulty in treating organisms, significant soft tissue compromise, and concurrent sepsis. Relative contraindications include lack of preoperative identification of organism, presence of a sinus tract, fungal infections, significant bone loss, and immunocompromise. In determining the management of patients with a relative contraindication, MDT discussion with the consideration of patient's overall local, host, and microbiological profile is necessary. Using gathered evidence, absolute and relative contraindications for one-stage revision arthroplasty were developed into an algorithm. The algorithm is designed to assist our PJI MDT in making optimized decisions when choosing between a one-stage versus two-stage approach. Ongoing follow-up is underway to determine the effect of implementing this algorithm on patient outcomes, eradication rates, and revision rates within our center.
ZBP1 promotes inflammatory responses downstream of TLR3/TLR4 via timely delivery of RIPK1 to TRIF
Authors: Muendlein Hayley I. , Connolly Wilson M. , Magri Zoie , Jetton David , Smirnova Irina , Degterev Alexei , Balachandran Siddharth , Poltorak Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Significance

While ZBP1 is well documented to drive cell death in response to viruses, its role in the context of Toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated immune activation remains less defined. Here, we show that ZBP1 promotes inflammation in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In a dose dependent manner, ZBP1 promotes the recruitment of RIPK1 to the TLR3/4 adaptor TRIF, activating downstream inflammatory signaling. ZBP1 plays a crucial role in TRIF-dependent responses
in vivo
, as

Zbp1
−/−

mice exhibited resistance to LPS-induced hypothermia and attenuated inflammatory responses to dsRNA. Our findings suggest that ZBP1 plays a synergistic role in the immune response by driving inflammation downstream of TLRs in response to bacterial and viral components.
Signatures of glial activity can be detected in the CSF proteome
Authors: Eninger Timo , Müller Stephan A. , Bacioglu Mehtap , Schweighauser Manuel , Lambert Marius , Maia Luis F. , Neher Jonas J. , Hornfeck Sarah M. , Obermüller Ulrike , Kleinberger Gernot , Haass Christian , Kahle Philipp J. , Staufenbiel Matthias , Ping Lingyan , Duong Duc M. , Levey Allan I. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Jucker Mathias , Kaeser Stephan A. 
Published: June 2022

Significance
Single-cell transcriptomics has revealed specific glial activation states associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD). What is still needed are clinically relevant biomarkers for deciphering such glial states in AD and PD patients. To this end, we applied proteome analysis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of mouse models of AD and PD pathology. This allowed us to identify a panel of glial CSF proteins that largely match the transcriptomic changes. The identified proteins can also be quantified in human CSF and show changes in AD patients, supporting their relevance as biomarker candidates to stage glial activation in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Epidemiology ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in free-ranging rhinoceros in Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Dwyer Rebecca , Goosen Wynand , Buss Peter , Kedward Simon , Manamela Tebogo , Hausler Guy , Chileshe Josephine , Rossouw Leana , Fowler James H. , Miller Michele , Witte Carmel 
Published: June 2022

SignificanceAfrican rhinoceros survival is threatened by poaching, habitat loss, and climate effects. The presence ofMycobacterium bovisin wild populations creates an additional potential threat to health and conservation programs. This study reports a large survey ofM. bovisinfection in free-ranging rhinoceros. Our findings confirm a widespread, high infection burden in the rhinoceros population of Kruger National Park, South Africa and identify risk factors for infection. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the spread of bovine tuberculosis in complex ecosystems. This study reflects the complexity of investigating a multihost pathogen in a previously naïve system. It provides an opportunity to increase awareness of the global impact that tuberculosis can have on animal populations, food security, and conservation.
Global protected areas seem insufficient to safeguard half of the world's mammals from human-induced extinction
Authors: Williams David R. , Rondinini Carlo , Tilman David 
Published: June 2022

Significance
Protected areas are vital for conserving global biodiversity, but we lack information on the extent to which the current global protected area network is able to prevent local extinctions. Here we investigate this by assessing the potential size of individual populations of nearly 4,000 terrestrial mammals within protected areas. We find that many existing protected areas are too small or too poorly connected to provide robust and resilient protection for almost all mammal species that are threatened with extinction and for over 1,000 species that are not currently threatened. These results highlight that global biodiversity targets must reflect ecological realities by incorporating spatial structure and estimates of population viability, rather than relying simply on the total area of land protected.
The topology of general cosmological models*
Authors: Galloway Gregory J , Khuri Marcus A , Woolgar Eric 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Is the Universe finite or infinite, and what shape does it have? These fundamental questions, of which relatively little is known, are typically studied within the context of the standard model of cosmology where the Universe is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. Here we address the above questions in highly general cosmological models, with the only assumption being that the average flow of matter is irrotational. Using techniques from differential geometry, specifically extensions of the Bonnet–Myers theorem, we derive a condition which implies a finite Universe and yields a bound for its diameter. Furthermore, under a weaker condition involving the interplay between curvature and diameter, together with the assumption that the Universe is finite (i.e. has closed spatial slices), we provide a concise list of possible topologies. Namely, the spatial sections then would be either the ring topologies S
1 × S
2,

S

1

×

~

S

2

,

S

1

×
R

P

2

,

R

P

3

#
R

P

3

, or covered by the sphere S
3 or torus T
3. In particular, under this condition the basic construction of connected sums would be ruled out (save for one), along with the plethora of topologies associated with negative curvature. These results are obtained from consequences of the geometrization of three-manifolds, by applying a generalization of the almost splitting theorem together with a curvature formula of Ehlers and Ellis.
Importance of the Hubbard U parameter to explore accurate electronic and optical behaviour of BiFeO3
Authors: Ghosal Supriya , Dutta Kajari , Chowdhury Suman , Jana Debnarayan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based upon Hubbard U corrected density functional theory (DFT), the electronic and optical responses of multiferroic Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3; BFO) have been critically explored. Treating BFO as a strongly correlated insulating system, a Hubbard U parameter is considered for accurate description of localised Fe-3d states. However, the U parameter for the Fe-3d state is not sufficient as 2p states of O atoms are greatly influenced by Fe-3d states. Similar U parameters for Fe-3d as well as O-2p states are considered. An effective U value around 4.3 eV not only solves the band gap mismatch of BFO from both a theoretical and experimental aspect, but also predicts the exact nature of the band gap. Moreover, within this framework, the optical responses of BFO are critically investigated. Multiple transitions appearing in both theoretical and experimental absorption spectra are well explained by crystal field transitions of Fe3+ ions in a d5 high spin state, supported by the density of states curve of BFO. Therefore, based upon the DFT + U approach, accurate electronic and optical characteristics of BFO are critically explored, which is essential for its multidirectional application perspectives.
Influence of Mg doping level at the initial growth stage on the gate reliability of p-GaN gate HEMTs
Authors: Guo Yijin , Wang Haodong , Chen Xin , Gao Hongwei , Li Fangqing , Zhong Yaozong , Zhou Yu , Li Qian , Li Wenbo , Sun Qian , Yang Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This letter has studied the gate reliability of p-GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) influenced by the Mg doping level at the initial growth stage of p-GaN layer. Normally-off HEMTs with p-GaN gate fabricated with relatively low and high Mg doping concentration have been analyzed and compared based on their performances at various statuses of as-fabricated, forward step-stressed, reverse step-stressed and long-term reverse stressed. It reveals that Mg over-doping has a detrimental effect on the p-GaN gate reliability through degrading the PIN diode formed by p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN structure. Severe drain current reduction, threshold voltage instability and gate leakage increase have been observed after being negatively stressed due to the high-density defects acting as apparent acceptor-like traps induced by Mg over-doping. The detailed studies on the p-GaN gate performance with various Mg concentrations give a greater depth of understanding to realize high gate reliability of p-GaN gate HEMTs.