bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal psychological distress associates with alterations in resting‐state low‐frequency fluctuations and distal functional connectivity of the neonate medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Rajasilta Olli , Häkkinen Suvi , Björnsdotter Malin , Scheinin Noora M. , Lehtola Satu J. , Saunavaara Jani , Parkkola Riitta , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Tuulari Jetro J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrenatal stress exposure (PSE) has been observed to exert a programming effect on the developing infant brain, possibly with long‐lasting consequences on temperament, cognitive functions and the risk for developing psychiatric disorders. Several prior studies have revealed that PSE associates with alterations in neonate functional connectivity in the prefrontal regions and amygdala. In this study, we explored whether maternal psychological symptoms measured during the 24th gestational week had associations with neonate resting‐state network metrics. Twenty‐one neonates (nine female) underwent resting‐state fMRI scanning (mean gestation‐corrected age at scan 26.95 days) to assess fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo). The ReHo/fALFF maps were used in multiple regression analysis to investigate whether maternal self‐reported anxiety and/or depressive symptoms associate with neonate functional brain features. Maternal psychological distress (composite score of depressive and anxiety symptoms) was positively associated with fALFF in the neonate medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Anxiety and depressive symptoms, assessed separately, exhibited similar but weaker associations. Post hoc seed‐based connectivity analyses further showed that distal connectivity of mPFC covaried with PSE. No associations were found between neonate ReHo and PSE. These results offer preliminary evidence that PSE may affect functional features of the developing brain during gestation.
Kant's regulative essentialism and the unknowability of real essences
Authors: Hoffer Noam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn his lectures on Logic and Metaphysics, Kant distinguishes between logical and real essences. While the former is related to concepts and is knowable, the latter is related to things and is unknowable. In this paper, I argue that the unknowability is explained by the modal characteristic of real essences as a necessitating ground on which a priori knowledge is impossible. I also show how this claim is related to the unknowable necessity of particular laws of nature. Since laws of nature are conceived as grounded in real essences, the unknowability of the latter is equivalent to Kant's other claim that there can be no knowledge of the necessity of particular laws of nature. Necessity can only be known a priori, and therefore, the necessity of particular laws is only assumed and conceived as grounded in something unknowable, a real essence. This conclusion will allow me to attribute to Kant a position I label as “regulative essentialism”, meaning that real essences have an indispensable role in accordance with the rational interest to explain nature as a system of laws and natural kinds, combined with an epistemic humility about the correspondence of our empirical concepts to real essences.
Multi‐modelling predictions show high uncertainty of required carbon input changes to reach a 4‰ target
Authors: Bruni Elisa , Chenu Claire , Abramoff Rose Z. , Baldoni Guido , Barkusky Dietmar , Clivot Hugues , Huang Yuanyuan , Kätterer Thomas , Pikuła Dorota , Spiegel Heide , Virto Iñigo , Guenet Bertrand 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoils store vast amounts of carbon (C) on land, and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in already managed soils such as croplands may be one way to remove C from the atmosphere, thereby limiting subsequent warming. The main objective of this study was to estimate the amount of additional C input needed to annually increase SOC stocks by 4‰ at 16 long‐term agricultural experiments in Europe, including exogenous organic matter (EOM) additions. We used an ensemble of six SOC models and ran them under two configurations: (1) with default parametrization and (2) with parameters calibrated site‐by‐site to fit the evolution of SOC stocks in the control treatments (without EOM). We compared model simulations and analysed the factors generating variability across models. The calibrated ensemble was able to reproduce the SOC stock evolution in the unfertilised control treatments. We found that, on average, the experimental sites needed an additional 1.5 ± 1.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1 to increase SOC stocks by 4‰ per year over 30 years, compared to the C input in the control treatments (multi‐model median ± median standard deviation across sites). That is, a 119% increase compared to the control. While mean annual temperature, initial SOC stocks and initial C input had a significant effect on the variability of the predicted C input in the default configuration (i.e., the relative standard deviation of the predicted C input from the mean), only water‐related variables (i.e., mean annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) explained the divergence between models when calibrated. Our work highlights the challenge of increasing SOC stocks in agriculture and accentuates the need to increasingly lean on multi‐model ensembles when predicting SOC stock trends and related processes. To increase the reliability of SOC models under future climate change, we suggest model developers to better constrain the effect of water‐related variables on SOC decomposition.Highlights
The feasibility of the 4‰ target was studied at 16 long‐term agricultural experiments.
An ensemble of soil organic carbon models was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions.
On average across the sites, carbon input had to increase by 119% compared to initial conditions.
High uncertainty of the simulations was mainly driven by water‐related variables.
Bactrocera dorsalis in the Indian Ocean: A tale of two invasions
Authors: Deschepper Pablo , Vanbergen Sam , Zhang Yue , Li Zhihong , Hassani Issa Mze , Patel Nausheen Azhaar , Rasolofoarivao Henriette , Singh Sandeep , Wee Suk Ling , De Meyer Marc , Virgilio Massimiliano , Delatte Hélène 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of invasive fruit fly pests are colonizing new grounds. With this study, we aimed to uncover the invasion pathways of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis into the islands of the Indian Ocean. By using genome‐wide SNP data and a multipronged approach consisting of PCA, ancestry analysis, phylogenetic inference, and kinship networks, we were able to resolve two independent invasion pathways. A western invasion pathway involved the stepping‐stone migration of B. dorsalis from the east African coast into the Comoros, along Mayotte and into Madagascar with a decreasing genetic diversity. The Mascarene islands (Reunion and Mauritius), on the contrary, were colonized directly from Asia and formed a distinct cluster. The low nucleotide diversity suggests that only a few genotypes invaded the Mascarenes. The presence of many long runs of homozygosity (ROH) in the introduced populations is indicative of population bottlenecks, with evidence of a more severe bottleneck for populations along the western migration pathway than on the Mascarene islands. More strict phytosanitary regulations are recommended in order to prevent the further spread of B. dorsalis.
Quadruple therapy with vonoprazan 20 mg daily as a first‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: A single‐center, open‐label, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lu Lifen , Wang Yujing , Ye Jun , Han Yuehua , Lou Guochun , Li Yan , Yan Huihui , Du Qin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough vonoprazan has been proven to be a highly potent drug for Helicobacter pylori eradication, there have been no randomized trials comparing the effectiveness of regimens containing vonoprazan 20 mg daily with alternative standard strategies. We aimed to assess the efficacy, tolerance, and cost‐effectiveness of quadruple therapy with vonoprazan 20 mg daily as a first‐line therapy for H. pylori eradication.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a single‐center, open‐label, noninferiority, randomized controlled study in Zhejiang, China. Treatment‐naive H. pylori‐positive participants (n = 234) were randomly assigned to three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: vonoprazan 20 mg daily with amoxicillin 1000 mg, furazolidone 100 mg and colloidal bismuth 200 mg each given twice a day for 10 days (V10) or 14 days (V14), or esomeprazole 20 mg with amoxicillin 1000 mg, furazolidone 100 mg and colloidal bismuth 200 mg each given twice a day for 14 days (E14). The primary endpoint was the eradication rates in each group. The secondary endpoints were the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and compliance.ResultsThe eradication rates in the V10, V14 and E14 groups were 96.2% (89.2–99.2%), 94.9% (87.4–98.6%), and 93.6% (85.7–97.9%) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis, and 98.6% (92.7–100.0%), 97.4% (90.8–99.7%), and 94.8% (87.2–98.6%) in the per‐protocol analysis, respectively. Quadruple therapy with vonoprazan 20 mg daily was noninferior to the esomeprazole‐based regimen (Farrington and Manning test: margin 10%, significance level 2.5%). The adverse event rates were 12.8% versus 3.8% versus 6.4% in the V10, V14, and E14 groups, respectively. All regimens were well tolerated without significant differences (p = 0.096). The cost‐effectiveness ratio was 1.32, 1.88, and 3.06 for the V10, V14, and E14 groups in the intention‐to‐treat analysis, respectively. (NCT04907747).ConclusionsVonoprazan (20 mg daily) was as effective as esomeprazole (20 mg twice a day) in quadruple therapies for the eradication of H. pylori, was more economical, and was well tolerated. In addition, the 10‐day regimen of vonoprazan (20 mg daily) was comparable to the 14‐day regimen.
Pellagra in Zanzibar: a rare diagnosis
Authors: Hassan Hafidh S. , Pandu Salama M. , Said Sanaa S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPellagra is a nutritional disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin) primarily due to corn consumption, especially in developing countries, but in developed countries, it can occur secondarily as a consequence of chronic alcoholism, malabsorption, certain drugs, and bariatric surgery.ResultsWe present a case of a 32‐year‐old woman from a rural area in Zanzibar who was a heavy alcohol consumer and came in with features suggestive of pellagra.ConclusionOur therapeutic approach consisted of niacin 500 mg once daily and betamethasone + salicylic acid ointment twice a day until lesions resolved and showed noticeable improvement.
Structure modulation for synergistically optimizing photoluminescence and conductive property in EuNbO4–CaMoO4 ceramics
Authors: Sun Hao , He Donglin , Sun Yifan , Li Yanqing , Chang Aimin , Zhang Su , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs new multifunctional semiconductor materials, solid‐solution ceramics demonstrate great potential in the field of electronic and optoelectronic devices. CaEuNbMoO8 ceramic is the solid solution of EuNbO4 and CaMoO4, but how to synergistically regulate its transmission of electricity and light still remains challenging. Herein, the structure modulations by adjusting the ratio of EuNbO4 and CaMoO4 and the changes in electrical transport and photoluminescence (PL) properties have been investigated. Meanwhile, the asymmetric ratio (5D0–7F2/5D0–7F1) further determines the symmetry variation of the local microstructure with the solid‐solution ratio of EuNbO4. The correspondence between the structure and phase transition of EuNbO4 ceramics at high temperature is investigated, and it is found that the point symmetry changes from C2h to C4h, and the activation energy changes significantly with increasing temperature. This work provides a solution for the synergistic optimization of PL and conductivity of solid‐solution ceramics by modulating the symmetry of the crystal structure.
Neural correlates of face familiarity in institutionalised children and links to attachment disordered behaviour
Authors: Oliveira Paula S. , Fearon Pasco , Belsky Jay , Mesquita Ana R. , Sampaio Adriana , Pinal Diego , Soares Isabel 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundOne of the most well‐documented sequelae of early maltreatment and institutionalisation is attachment problems, including behaviours under the labels of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). Despite growing evidence of the neurobiological effects of institutionalisation, the neural correlates of these behavioural patterns are largely unknown.MethodsThe current study examined effects of both institutionalisation in general and attachment disordered behaviour, in particular, on brain‐based markers of face processing, in 100 Portuguese children (70 currently institutionalised, 30 continuously raised by their families). Children's neural processing of caregiver's and stranger's faces was assessed with Event‐Related Potentials (ERPs).ResultsCompared to children from the community, institutionalised children showed smaller amplitudes in the N170, to both stranger and caregiver faces. Amongst the institutionalised group, living in a setting with a higher children‐to‐caregivers’ ratio was associated with smaller P400 amplitudes. The display of DSED symptoms was associated with a smaller P1 to both faces, as well as a reduced differentiation between faces in P400 amplitudes and smaller P400 to the stranger's face. In contrast, RAD symptoms were not associated with any ERP measures.ConclusionsResults replicate previously reported hypoactivation in institutionalised children, in a less‐globally deprived setting than past work, indicating that such a pattern is associated with lack of individualised care and increased symptoms of DSED.
SARS‐CoV‐2, aging, and Post‐COVID‐19 neurodegeneration
Authors: Strong Michael J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the world continues to experience the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2, there is evidence to suggest that the sequelae of viral infection (the post‐COVID‐19 condition; PCC) at both an individual and population level will be significant and long‐lasting. The history of pandemics or epidemics in the last 100 years caused by members of the RNA virus family, of which coronaviruses are a member, provides ample evidence of the acute neurological effects. However, except for the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 1918/1919 (the Spanish flu) with its associated encephalitis lethargica, there is little information on long‐term neurological sequelae. COVID‐19 is the first pandemic that has occurred in a setting of an aging population, especially in several high‐income countries. Its survivors are at the greatest risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions as they age, rendering the current pandemic a unique paradigm not previously witnessed. The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, among the largest of the RNA viruses, is a single‐stranded RNA that encodes for 29 proteins that include the spike protein that contains the key domains required for ACE2 binding, and a complex array of nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and accessory proteins that ensure the escape of the virus from the innate immune response, allowing for its efficient replication, translation, and exocytosis as a fully functional virion. Increasingly, these proteins are also recognized as potentially contributing to biochemical and molecular processes underlying neurodegeneration. In addition to directly being taken up by brain endothelium, the virus or key protein constituents can be transported to neurons, astrocytes, and microglia by extracellular vesicles and can accelerate pathological fibril formation. The SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein is intrinsically disordered and can participate in liquid condensate formation, including as pathological heteropolymers with neurodegenerative disease‐associated RNA‐binding proteins such as TDP‐43, FUS, and hnRNP1A. As the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus continues to mutate under the immune pressure exerted by highly efficacious vaccines, it is evolving into a virus with greater transmissibility but less severity compared with the original strain. The potential of its lingering impact on the nervous system thus has the potential to represent an ongoing legacy of an even greater global health challenge than acute infection.image
Dermatological impact of hand hygiene practices during COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional web‐based survey among doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Dash Gaurav , Patro Nibedita , Dwari Binayak Chandra , Abhishek Kumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic continues to persist throughout the world with intermittent exacerbation. The changing trend of hand hygiene practices during this pandemic has led to new onset or aggravation of pre‐existing hand eczema, especially among doctors. There is a paucity of studies regarding skin changes seen with changing hand hygiene practices in the Indian subcontinent.ObjectivesTo estimate the frequency of various cutaneous manifestations and associated factors with hand hygiene practices in doctors during COVID‐19 via a web‐based online questionnaire survey.MethodsIt was a cross‐sectional web‐based survey conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute from July 2021 to September 2021. Those doctors (faculty, residents, and interns) of the hospital completing the questionnaire with electronic informed consent were included in the study.ResultsA total of 143 doctors completed the survey. The most common symptoms were dryness in 60 (42%) and itching in 25 (17.5%) doctors. The most common skin changes were scaling in 30 (21%) and redness in 16 (11.2%) doctors. There was a significant association between skin changes and frequency of hand washing and hand sanitizer use (p value < 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of hand changes and symptoms was 77% in doctors in our study. The most commonly seen hand changes were scaling followed by redness and symptoms observed were dryness and itching.
Serum and salivary adipsin levels and its association with insulin resistance in acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Albalwa Kawther , Kenawy Mohammed , El‐fallah Asmaa Adel , Salem Rehab Mohammed 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is scarcity in literature about the reliability of salivary markers in acne vulgaris.AimsThe aims were to evaluate the insulin resistance (IR) and adipsin levels in serum and saliva in a sample of acne vulgaris patients; and to correlate IR and adipsin levels with the disease severity.MethodsThis prospective case–control study included 60 acne vulgaris patients (patients Group), in addition, 60 apparently healthy individuals (control group). The severity of acne vulgaris was determined according to Global Acne Grading system (GAGS). Serum and salivary adipsin, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin levels were measured using ELISA kits.ResultsFasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in patients group both in serum and saliva were elevated when compared with the control group. Serum and salivary levels of adipsin and Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUIKI) in patients were decreased than the control group. Adipsin serum levels show significant negative correlations with all study variables except QUIKI with which the correlation was positive both in serum and saliva. There was a significant positive correlation between serum and salivary adipsin levels (r = 0.873, p < 0.00001) and serum and salivary fasting glucose (r = 1, p < 0.00001).ConclusionAdipsin could be considered as a promising biomarker for acne vulgaris and its associated insulin resistance. Moreover, the salivary measurements may be considered as useful biomarkers in acne vulgaris patients, but more studies are still required.
Justifying and practising effective participation in the Court of Protection: an empirical study*
Authors: KONG CAMILLIA , STICKLER REBECCA , COOPER PENNY , WATKINS MATTHEW , DUNN MICHAEL 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTUnder the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in England and Wales (MCA), the participation of persons in making decisions that affect their lives is embedded within the legislation and has also been addressed directly in Court of Protection (CoP) rules and guidelines. Nonetheless, various studies and reports have indicated a potential gap between practice on the ground and the participatory aspirations of the MCA. This article presents an analysis of semi‐structured interviews with 56 legal professionals (lawyers and retired judges) specializing in mental capacity law to examine how they envisage the substantive meaning and function of the effective participation of individuals who are found to lack decision‐making capacity (P). The study reveals deeper legal and ethical justifications behind why P's participation matters and also suggests that interpersonal barriers, relating to communicating and engaging with P, can hinder its realization in practice.
Endogenous timing in tax competition: The effect of asymmetric information
Authors: Hamada Takaaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study explores the effects of asymmetric information on endogenous leadership in a simple tax competition environment. The study models a two‐country economy where one country is informed about its own and opponent's productivity of private goods, while the other country only knows its productivity. The results show that each type of informed country has an incentive to pretend to be the other type, which leads to a Stackelberg outcome endogenously, while the simultaneous move is the unique outcome under complete information. Under the Stackelberg outcome, the uninformed country moves first and the informed country moves second. Moreover, ex‐post social welfare under asymmetric information can become larger than that under complete information, because the uninformed country chooses a less aggressive tax rate under asymmetric information. These results depend on the type of uncertainty, and capital ownership and share.
Nonlinear taxation of income and education in the presence of income‐misreporting
Authors: Bastani Spencer , Gahvari Firouz , Micheletto Luca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the joint design of nonlinear income and education taxes when the government pursues redistributive objectives. A key feature of our setup is that the ability type of an agent can affect both the costs and benefits of acquiring education. Market remuneration of agents depends on both their innate ability type and their educational choices. Our focus is on the properties of constrained efficient allocations when educational choices are publicly observable at the individual level, but earned income is subject to misreporting. We find that income‐misreporting (IM) affects the optimal distortions on income and education and shed light on the reasons for it and mechanisms through which it is done. We show how and why IM strengthens the case for downward distorting the educational choices of low‐ability agents. Finally, we find that IM provides another mechanism that makes commodity taxation useful.