bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of the course of atopic dermatitis during pregnancy
Authors: Kandrashkina J. A. , Orlova E. A. , Shtakh A. F. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic hereditary recurrent skin disease. Dermatosis is the most common pathology in pregnant women among skin and allergic diseases. According to some reports, exacerbations of dermatosis during gestation worsen the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.Purpose of the study. Тo study of the features of the course of AD in pregnant women.Materials and methods. An open, comparative, prospective study was conducted in which 55 pregnant women with a diagnosis of AD in the acute stage took part. The SCORAD index was used to assess the severity. Beck’s Depression and Anxiety Scales were used to identify violations of the psychoemotional status. To assess the impact of the disease on vital activity – the dermatological index of the quality of life. The pruritus-5 D scale was used to analyze pruritus.Results. Among pregnant women, AD, newly diagnosed during pregnancy, was recorded in 20 (36.4%) women, in 23 (41.8%) – an exacerbation occurred during pregnancy after prolonged remission, in 12 (21.8%) – recorded annual aggravation in the spring and autumn seasons. The role of the hereditary factor was registered in 28 patients (50.9%). Among the pregnant women with AD included in the study, only 5 (9.1%) needed inpatient treatment for exacerbation of the disease, 50 (90.9%) were observed on an outpatient basis. Severe degree was recorded in 7 pregnant patients (12.7%), moderate severity – in 32 (58.2%), mild degree – in 16 (29.1%).Conclusion. The results of our research can serve as a basis for new directions of research work in terms of studying the etiopathogenetic and clinical aspects of AD in pregnant women.
Pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Moskalenko O. L. , Kasparov E. V. , Kasparova I. E. 
Published: April 2022

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are one of the major public health problems in the 21st century due to their prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, chronic inflammation and anemia are non-communicable diseases accompanying obesity. With obesity, there is a violation of iron metabolism, iron deficiency, which further contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, and its bioavailability is reduced due to the formation of insoluble oxides, while iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder. Iron metabolism in the body is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in lipid peroxidation processes. Iron metabolism in the human body is regulated at all levels; dysregulation of any stage of metabolism can lead to iron deficiency and the development of anemia associated with obesity. This review article summarizes data on molecular and cellular abnormalities in iron metabolism in obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to study, according to the literature, pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the future, more research is required to study iron metabolism in obesity with the aim of their preventive and therapeutic effects. The role of oxidative stress in impaired iron metabolism in obesity has not been fully studied, while iron deficiency enhances lipid peroxidation processes in antioxidant deficiency. Under these conditions, oxidative stress can damage cells and destroy red blood cells. The question arises whether the restoration of iron homeostasis in obesity can improve metabolic, inflammatory disorders and reduce the manifestation of oxidative stress, becoming a new innovative approach to the treatment of concomitant metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
How to optimize treatment in patients with different forms of coronary artery disease
Authors: Gilyarov M. Yu. , Konstantinova E. V. 
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery disease (CAD) retains top positions in terms of morbidity and mortality both in our country and many countries of the world. CAD takes many acute and chronic clinical forms and can be observed in patients with various cardiac and extracardiac pathologies. The therapy should be personalized to improve the prognosis for each patient with CAD. The COMPASS trial showed that administration of rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg twice daily combined with a longterm use of acetylsalicylic acid is reasonable in patients with stable coronary artery disease, a high risk of thrombotic complications and a low risk of bleeding to prevent the development of atherothrombotic cardiovascular events. The clinical benefit of this combination therapy is especially high in patients with diabetes mellitus. Once the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is performed in a patient with CAD and atrial fibrillation (AF), we face the task to minimize the risk of atherothrombotic events, including the possibility of stent thrombosis, and the development of ischemic stroke, given the increased risk of bleeding due to such therapy. The results of PIONEER AF-PCI trial have become the grounds for recommendation of rivaroxaban 15 mg as part of combination antithrombotic therapy for this group of patients with AF. An option to add rivaroxaban to therapy may be considered in the presence of sinus rhythm in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and high thromboembolic risk to reduce the incidence of neurological events, as was shown in the COMMANDER HF trial. So there is a wealth of evidence that rivaroxaban may be used as an important component of the combination therapy of patients with CAD in a variety of clinical situations.
Prospects for finding means of non-specific prevention of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Usenko D. V. 
Published: April 2022

With the ongoing pandemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the emergence of its new genovariants, along with the relevance of addressing the issue of vaccination of the population, the importance of non-specific prophylaxis, which is designed to reduce the viral load on the body and slow down the rate of virus spread, is increasing. The currently available research and experience in the use of antiseptic drugs or their combinations with the antimicrobial peptide lysozyme can be used for this purpose.Currently available research and experience in the use of antiseptic drugs or their combinations with the antimicrobial peptide lysozyme can be used for this purpose. Under conditions of lysozyme deficiency unhindered accumulation of non-hydrolyzed substrate, which is a constant source of autoantigens, is accompanied by immunity, metabolic and tissue homeostasis disorders. Analysis of a comparative study of different groups of antiseptics showed high virulicidal efficacy of cetylpyridinium chlorideCetylpyridinium chloride has an electrostatic effect on viral membrane lipids, causing their aggregation and dissolution, which leads to disruption of the integrity of the virus membrane, its interaction with mucosal epithelial cells and penetration into target cells, having a direct virulicide effect on SARS-CoV-2. An important factor of innate mucosal immunity is lysozyme, it has antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects, normalizes microbiocenosis, restores immune system activity, increases mucosal barrier function. The combination of cetylpyridinium chloride and lysozyme hydrochloride has a dual antiviral effect, reducing the viral load on the body and enhancing the ability to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 both from patients in the prodromal period of the disease or with its clinical manifestations, and from asymptomatic carriers with confirmed COVID-19 infection status.
The effectiveness of a specialized food product for prevention and rehabilitationof cognitive impairments
Authors: Pilat T. L. , Nikityuk D. B. , Radysh I. V. , Semin D. A. , Khanferyan R. A. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Neurological pathologies are typical not only for adults, but are also widespread in childhood. These are disorders of speech and language functions, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional disorders. Also, many cognitive impairments affect patients who have had acute viral diseases, especially the coronavirus infection.Purpose – to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a specialized dietary therapeutic food product and dietary preventive nutrition – jelly "Good Memory" and the phytocomplex included in it at various neurological symptoms.Materials and methods. In a 30-day study with 68 individuals (34 adults and 34 children, ages 1 to 21), the effect of a monthly intake of a phytotherapeutic complex on memory parameters was tudied,attention, intellectual performance of volunteers included in the study according to Bourbon tests, methodology «Kraepelin score», Eysenck subtests, graphical test and IQ indicators according to the Denver test.Results. A 30-day intake of a specialized food product jelly «Good memory» contributed to improving the performance of various types of memory and attention, reducing fatigue, increasing efficiency. The survey showed that the intellectual performance of the comparison group decreased by 59% for all three indicators of mental activity. So, in terms of mathematical abilities, the improvement was 47.1%, for linguistic – 34.7% and for the total indicator – 52.2%. At the same time, the main indicators stabilized intellectual performance.Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to recommend a specialized nutrition jelly «Good Memory» children over 1 year old and adults to maintain the integrative functions of the brain and other parts of the mental process, as well as for the prevention and rehabilitation of post-covid cognitive impairment, recovery of mental, intellectual performance.
Steatohepatitises: etiological variants, principles of diagnosis and management
Authors: Dicheva D. T. , Andreev D. N. , Partsvania-Vinogradova E. V. , Umyarova R. M. 
Published: April 2022

Steatohepatitises is an etiologically heterogeneous group of pathological changes in the liver, which are characterized by the inflammatory infiltration of the hepatic parenchyma with underlying fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Whatever is the etiological cause, the clinical significance of steatohepatitis involves the formation of liver fibrosis and, as a result, an increased risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are life-threatening conditions. It is common practice to identify the following etiological variants of steatohepatitis: metabolic (55–65% of cases), alcoholic (45–55% of cases) and drug-induced (approximately 5% of cases). The pathogenetic basis of metabolic steatohepatitis lies in the mechanisms of increased lipolysis, excess free fatty acid pool and reduced β-oxidation stemming from obesity and insulin resistance. Pathogenetic factors mediating the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis are the toxic activity of acetaldehyde and increased CYP2E1 activity. Intake of some hepatotoxic drugs increases lipogenesis in hepatocytes and disrupts the electron transport chain, which leads to the formation of liver steatosis followed by transformation into steatohepatitis. Whatever is the etiological varient, steatohepatitis is asymptomatic in the prevailing majority of cases. However, some patients may present complaints of weakness, discomfort, or indolent pain in the right hypochondrium. A detailed history taking is essential for the establishment of the etiological cause of liver damage. Laboratory tests allow to diagnose steatohepatitis in increased levels of hepatic transaminases, usually not exceeding 2–3 times the normal values. In addition to liver enzymes, increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and GGTP can also be observed in steatohepatitis. Ultrasound imaging is the most accessible instrumental tool in clinical practice to establish the primary diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. Indirect elastometry is an equally informative non-invasive method for diagnosing steatohepatitis, which allows to measure both the degree of steatosis (the function of determining the ultrasonic controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver fibrosis.
Valve Repair in Aortic Insufficiency: A State-of-the-art Review
Authors: Sassis Leandros , Kefala-Karli Pelagia , Cucchi Irene , Kouremenos Ilias , Demosthenous Michalis , Diplaris Konstantinos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Aortic valve insufficiency (AI) describes the pathology of blood leaking through the
aortic valve to the left ventricle during diastole and is classified as mild, moderate or severe according
to the volume of regurgitating blood. Intervention is required in severe AI when the patient
is symptomatic or when the left ventricular function is impaired. Aortic valve replacement has
been considered the gold standard for decades for these patients, but several repair techniques have
recently emerged that offer exceptional stability and long-term outcomes. The appropriate method
of repair is selected based on the mechanism of AI and each patient’s anatomic variations. This review
aims to describe different pathologies of AI based on its anatomy, along with the different
surgical techniques of aortic repair and their reported results.
Hydrazide-hydrazones as Small Molecule Tropomyosin Receptor Kina se A (TRKA) Inhibitors: Synthesis, Anticancer Activities, In silico ADME and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Alam Mohammad Sayed , Lee Dong-Ung 
Published: April 2022

Aims:The aim of the study was to search for new anticancer agents as TRKA inhibitors.Background:A series of new salicylic acid hydrazide hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities against lung (A549), ovarian (SK-OV-3), skin (SK-MEL-2), and colon (HCT15) cancer cell lines, and tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TRKA) inhibitory activities.Objective:In this study, we focused on the synthesis and anticancer properties evaluation of salicylic acid hydrazide hydrazones as TRKA inhibitors. The in vitro anticancer activities of hydrazone analogs were measured against four cancer cell lines, and the TRKA inhibitory properties were investigated using an enzyme assay to determine their modes of action. In silico molecular docking was conducted using the crystal structure of the TRKA receptor to study the interactions and modes of binding at its active site, and ligand-based target predictions were used to identify putative secondary enzymatic targets of the synthesized compounds. Additionally, pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity effects, and drug scores of the studied molecules were also assessed.Methods:A series of hydrazide hydrazones were prepared by means of a facile and straight-forward two-step reaction under soft reflux conditions from a methyl ester of substituted aromatic acids and hydrazine hydrate followed by the condensation with substituted aldehydes. In vitro cytotoxic properties of the synthesized compounds were screened against four human cancer cells using the SRB (sulforhodamine-B) colorimetric method. The TRKA inhibitory activity was measured by enzymatic assay. In silico ADME, drug score properties, docking studies, and ligand-based target prediction analyses were performed using Osiris Cheminformatics and AutoDock Vina, and SwissTargetPrediction bioinformatics software.Results:In vitro bioassays revealed that compound 6 exhibited the most potent broad-spectrum anticancer activities with IC50 values of 0.144, <0.001, 0.019, and 0.022 μM against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 cancer cells, respectively, followed by compounds 11, 3a, and 9. In TRKA inhibitory assays, compounds 3e and 11 demonstrated the highest potency with IC50 values of 111 and 614 nM, respectively. The results of docking studies on 3e and 11 with the active site of the TRKA receptor revealed that both compounds interacted as previously reported TRKA inhibitors with high docking scores.Conclusion:New salicylic acid hydrazide hydrazones were synthesized, and the most active compounds exhibited significant anticancer properties against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 cancer cells, suggesting to be good candidates for in vivo studies. The results obtained in the present study would help in the design and preparation of new hydrazidehydrazone analogs as potential TRKA inhibitors for cancer treatment.
Extraction Methodologies, Phytochemical Constituents, and Biological
Activities of Senna alata Linn: A Review
Authors: Ferdosh Sahena , Rahim Nadirah Abd , Zainuddin Nor Azfa Najiha bt , Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Senna alata (L.) Roxb, which belongs to the family of Fabaceae, is a herbal
plant that has been used for the treatment of skin diseases, ringworm infection, and constipation since
ancient times. In recent decades, various conventional and non-conventional methodologies such as
maceration, decoction, and supercritical fluid extraction have been examined by researchers in order to
determine the phytochemical constituents potentially found in S. alata.

Objective:
This review paper aims to provide a detailed discussion of traditional uses, extraction
methodologies, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of S. alata.

Method:
The review is based on previous studies obtained from various accessible library databases
and electronic search engines, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate,
Scopus and Hindawi.

Results:
Several non-conventional extraction methods, such as microwave-assisted and ultrasonicassisted,
have been found to be better techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from S. alata
when compared to conventional extraction methods such as Soxhlet, steam distillation, and maceration
in terms of the quality of the yield. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and cardiac glycosides
are the common compounds found in S. alata. Among these anthraquinone, the most frequently
reported as a major phytochemical constituent, is used as a laxative and possesses antibacterial, antifungal,
and antimicrobial properties.

Conclusion:
Despite various claims for S. alata, very limited non-conventional extraction technology
has been reported for its bioactivity study on skin diseases, ringworm infection, and constipation.
Thus, this review may stimulate new applications and a clearer future perspective. In addition, the pros
and cons of each extraction technology are also reviewed in this paper.
Effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Putri Ratih Hartono , Purwantoro Aziz , Handayani Valentina Dwi Suci , Respatie Dyah Weny 
Published: April 2022

Generally, cucumber plants have more male flowers than female flowers. The fewer number of female flowers is one of the problems of cucumber production. Flowering regulation can be performed by applying growth regulators and water management. The study aims to determine the effects of paclobutrazol concentrations and watering frequencies on the flowering ratio of cucumber plants. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design at the Agricultural, Food, and Fishery Extension Center, Seyegan, Yogyakarta. The first factor was the paclobutrazol concentrations consisting of four levels (a control, 0.187 mL.L-1, 0.375 mL.L-1, and 0.562 mL.L-1). Meanwhile, the second factor was the watering frequency consisting of three levels (once a day, once every two days, and once every three days). The observed data were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α= 5 %. The paclobutrazol concentrations resulted in a significant effect on all of the observed variables. Meanwhile, watering frequencies showed no significant effect on the male flowers, female flowers and ratio of male to female flowers in cucumber. There was an interaction effect of paclobutrazol concentration and watering frequency on the plant height and flowering age of cucumber plants. The treatment of paclobutrazol at a concentration of 0.375 mL.L-1, decreased of male flowers and increased of female flowers, reducing the ratio of male and female flowers of cucumber plants at various watering frequencies.-1
The improvement of microclimate and soil characteristics in cocoa-tree agroforestry patterns
Authors: Sitohang Ramces , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila , Wulandari Cahyo 
Published: April 2022

Shade trees are used in agroforestry pattern for production and service aspects. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern is expected to improve atmospheric and rhizosphere zone in cacao plantations. However, the information related to this is still quite limited. This study was conducted using a nested design, with types of shade trees as nest. Shade trees used were Falcataria moluccana, Cocos nucifera, and Cassia spectabilis, and without shade was used as control. Variables observed were light, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil texture, bulk density, permeability, and moisture content. Soil chemical properties were also observed, including organic C, pH, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B and content of available P, K, Ca, Mg, and B. The results showed that cacao agroforestry pattern using F. moluccana and C. spectabilis was able to improve the microclimate characteristics and soil fertility. However, F. moluccana showed lower soil fertility than C. spectabilis. F. moluccana and C. spectabilis shade trees were able to optimize light plants from 33 % to 34 %, and from 38 % to 39 %, respectively. F. moluccana could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 30 ⁰C to 32 ⁰C and 27 ⁰C, respectively. Meanwhile, C. spectabilis could provide optimal air and soil temperature of 29 ⁰C to 31⁰C and 26 ⁰C to 27 ⁰C, consecutively. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern using C. Spectabilis shade trees could optimize soil moisture content, pH, total N, and P, and availabilities of K, Ca, Mg, and B in soil.
Assessing Awareness Level of Halal Cosmetics among Muslim Males in Malaysia: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ambo Nur Ilma , Md Shapir Ana Shakirah 
Published: April 2022

In the Proceeding of International Conference on Education Research (InCER 2020), Ambo & Md Sapir (2020) presented four items that measure halal cosmetic awareness among Muslim males. Unfortunately, INCER 2020's audience thought that the categorisation of respondents based on their marital status did not translate to good results since only ten respondents represented married males in the study out of 86. This paper aims to respond to the feedback given by the INCER 2020's audience by re-analysing the level of halal cosmetic awareness of 86 Muslim males in Malaysia in terms of age, educational level, Islamic background, and marital status, and employing Chi-Square and Independence Sample T-Test. The findings showed that Muslim males with Islamic backgrounds obtain a high level of halal cosmetic awareness than their non-Islamic counterparts. The study findings indicate that presenting conceptual ideas at the Conference helped us receive constructive feedback to improve our research work
The Syntax of 1 Peter: Just How Good Is the Greek?
Authors: Jobes Karen H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Greek of 1 Peter is almost unanimously viewed as being the quality of a highly-educated native Greek writer. This study applies a quantitative analysis of the syntax of 1 Peter in comparison to that of Polybius, Josephus, 1 Thessalonians, and Hebrews 5–9, showing that there is a significant degree of Semitic interference in 1 Peter. The study concludes that 1 Peter was probably written by a Semitic speaker for whom Greek was a second language.