bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists: peri‐operative cardiac arrest
Authors: Kane A. D. , Armstrong R. A. , Kursumovic E. , Cook T. M. , Oglesby F. C. , Cortes L. , Moppett I. K. , Moonesinghe S. R. , Agarwal S. , Bouch D. C. , Cordingley J. , Davies M. T. , Dorey J. , Finney S. J. , Kunst G. , Lucas D. N. , Nickols G. , Mouton R. , Nolan J. P. , Patel B. , Pappachan V. J. , Plaat F. , Samuel K. , Scholefield B. R. , Smith J. H. , Varney L. , Vindrola‐Padros C. , Martin S. , Wain E. C. , Kendall S. W. , Ward S. , Drake S. , Lourtie J. , Taylor C. , Soar J. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryCardiac arrest in the peri‐operative period is rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Current reporting systems do not capture many such events, so there is an incomplete understanding of incidence and outcomes. As peri‐operative cardiac arrest is rare, many hospitals may only see a small number of cases over long periods, and anaesthetists may not be involved in such cases for years. Therefore, a large‐scale prospective cohort is needed to gain a deep understanding of events leading up to cardiac arrest, management of the arrest itself and patient outcomes. Consequently, the Royal College of Anaesthetists chose peri‐operative cardiac arrest as the 7th National Audit Project topic. The study was open to all UK hospitals offering anaesthetic services and had a three‐part design. First, baseline surveys of all anaesthetic departments and anaesthetists in the UK, examining respondents' prior peri‐operative cardiac arrest experience, resuscitation training and local departmental preparedness. Second, an activity survey to record anonymised details of all anaesthetic activity in each site over 4 days, enabling national estimates of annual anaesthetic activity, complexity and complication rates. Third, a case registry of all instances of peri‐operative cardiac arrest in the UK, reported confidentially and anonymously, over 1 year starting 16 June 2021, followed by expert review using a structured process to minimise bias. The definition of peri‐operative cardiac arrest was the delivery of five or more chest compressions and/or defibrillation in a patient having a procedure under the care of an anaesthetist. The peri‐operative period began with the World Health Organization ‘sign‐in’ checklist or first hands‐on contact with the patient and ended either 24 h after the patient handover (e.g. to the recovery room or intensive care unit) or at discharge if this occured earlier than 24 h. These components described the epidemiology of peri‐operative cardiac arrest in the UK and provide a basis for developing guidelines and interventional studies.
SupportiNg operAtive Photographic documentation in ileocolonic CROHN's disease surgery: The SNAPCROHN study
Authors: Celentano Valerio , Adamina Michel , Spinelli Antonino , Fleshner Phillip , Pellino Gianluca , Mineccia Michela , Selvaggi Francesco , Svrcek Magali , Tozer Phil , Espin‐Basany Eloy , Hancock Laura , Faiz Omar , Coffey Calvin J. , Sampietro Gianluca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are reported variations in the intraoperative management of Crohn's disease. This consensus statement aimed to develop a standardised protocol for photographic documentation of intraoperative findings and critical procedural steps in ileocolonic Crohn's disease surgery.MethodsColorectal surgeons with a specialist interest in minimally invasive surgery and inflammatory bowel disease were invited as committee members to develop a survey on the use of photo‐documentation in Crohn's disease surgery. A 15 item survey was developed on ethical considerations and applications of photo‐documentation in audit and quality control, research, and training.ResultsThere was strong agreement on the potential application of intraoperative photo‐documentation in Crohn's disease for training, research, quality control and tertiary referrals. Reviewers agreed that intraoperative staging required photo‐documentation of strictures, skip lesions, perforations, fat wrapping and mesenteric disease. The necessary steps to be photo‐documented were very specific to Crohn's disease surgery, such as views of anastomosis and strictureplasties, and extent of resection(s).ConclusionsOur consensus statement identified several items for appropriate intraoperative photo‐documentation in Crohn's disease surgery, to be used as an adjunct to accurate annotation of intraoperative findings and procedures.
Modularity in the trilobite head consistent with the hypothesized segmental origin of the eyes
Authors: Vargas‐Parra Ernesto E. , Hopkins Melanie J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe trilobite head served multiple functions and was composed of several fused segments. Yet, the underlying organization of the trilobite head, and whether patterns are conserved across trilobites, remains unclear. Modeling the head as being composed of modules, or subunits that vary and thus have the potential to evolve semi‐independently can reveal underlying patterns of organization. Hypotheses of modular organization based on the comparative developmental biology of arthropods were evaluated using geometric morphometrics. Two‐dimensional (semi)landmark datasets collected from the cranidia of two Ordovician trilobite species, Calyptaulax annulata (Phacopida) and Cloacaspis senilis (Olenida sensu Adrain, 2011) were analyzed. The degree and pattern of modularity were assessed using the covariance ratio (CR), which compares the covariation within putative modules to the covariation between them, and the fit of different models was compared using an effect size measure derived from the CR. When treating the eyes as a distinct module, the best modular hypothesis identified for C. annulata shows the eyes and anteriormost region of the head integrated as a single module. The best modular hypotheses for C. senilis are more complex but the eyes still covary mostly strongly with the anterior part of the head. The latter is also the case for all other well‐supported models for both species. These results can be interpreted as a developmental signal corresponding to the anteriormost ocular segment of early arthropods that is retained throughout development, despite any likely selective pressures related to functional needs.
Caecocolic ligament hypoplasia in a Thoroughbred filly with volvulus of the large colon
Authors: Kreutzfeldt Nicole , O'Brien Etienne , Schofield Warren 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAn 11‐month‐old Thoroughbred filly was referred to the hospital with signs of severe abdominal pain unresponsive to medical treatment. Upon arrival, the filly had a heart rate of 60 beats/min, pink mucous membranes and continued to show severe colic signs despite sedation. Due to the severity of colic signs, general anaesthesia was induced immediately. Exploratory celiotomy revealed a large colon volvulus of more than 360 degrees and hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament between the caecum and right dorsal colon. The large colon volvulus was corrected, and the filly recovered uneventfully from general anaesthesia. Post‐operative treatment included intravenous fluids and intravenous lidocaine continuous rate infusion, parenteral nutrition, systemic antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatories, gastroprotectants and restricted feeding. The filly experienced several post‐operative complications associated with severe enterocolitis including pyrexia, leukopenia and diarrhoea but made a full recovery and was discharged to the farm after 16 days of hospitalisation. Long‐term follow‐up was available for 22 months after surgery without further reports of colic and the filly had entered race training. Hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament in association with colic in horses has rarely been reported in the equine literature. To date, only two further case reports of young horses with large colon volvulus and hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament have been published. In contrast to the presenting case, several other mesenteric abnormalities were present in these two cases in addition to the hypoplastic caecocolic ligament and both horses were eventually euthanised. The pathogenesis of hypoplasia of the caecocolic ligament remains unclear but may include the disruption of early stages of embryogenesis. An abnormal caecocolic ligament has been suggested to potentially predispose horses to large colon volvulus. The presenting case indicates that as an isolated abnormality, a hypoplastic caecocolic ligament may not result in reduced long‐term survival in horses with large colon volvulus.
Screening for inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with haemophilia: A quality improvement intervention
Authors: Boggs Jacklyn E. , Pullen Amanda , Molnar Andrew E. , Hodges Jason , Reiss Ulrike M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionChildren with haemophilia have been reported with increased rates of inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and, therefore, are particularly vulnerable to poor social and academic outcomes.AimTo examine the benefit of utilizing a formal screening process for IN/HI in children with haemophilia during comprehensive clinic visits using a quality improvement approach.MethodsAt a single haemophilia treatment centre, screening for psychosocial issues was expanded and formalised to include (1) the Conners 3rd Edition (Conners3) screening tool for IN/HI symptoms administered during the standard psychosocial assessment (SPA) by the social worker and school advocacy coordinator, (2) formal pathways to diagnosis and intervention as indicated including psychology consultation, psychological testing, or referral to community‐based mental health professionals, and in‐person advocacy assistance in the patient's community school.ResultsForty‐four patients, age 9.9 ± 4.8 years (range 3–16) were targeted. The initial screening approach was modified to improve the communication with caretakers during assessments and streamline diagnostic pathways if no, moderate or significant behavioural concerns were identified. Eleven patients had pre‐existing mental health diagnoses. Thirteen of the remaining 33 patients (39.4%) received a new mental health diagnosis, ADHD in 8/33 (24.2%). Of the total cohort, 54.5% were found to have a mental health diagnosis. The rate of ADHD (29.5%) was significantly higher than reported in the general population.ConclusionThe described process, developed through a QI approach, allowed formal and objective screening for IN/HI, streamlined a pathway to diagnosis and intervention, and identified undiagnosed disabilities in children with haemophilia improving their access to services.
Impact of cold storage followed by drying of mashua tuber (Tropaeolum tuberosum) on the glucosinolate content and their transformation products
Authors: Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , García‐Ríos Diego , Lindo Johana , Ramírez‐Guzmán Daniel , Chirinos Rosana , Pedreschi Romina , Campos David 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), an Andean crop used in traditional medicine, has become of interest due to its phytochemicals specifically glucosinolates (GLS). Little is known about the impacts of cold storage and drying processing operations on the GLS composition of mashua‐derived products. This work evaluated the changes in GLS content and profile, derived from GLS biotransformation and myrosinase activity content, during controlled postharvest cold storage (12 °C and 80% RH) and after drying (60 °C and 1.8 m s−1). The GLS content reached its maximum value after 10 days of postharvest cold storage. The derivatives detected were 4‐Methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, 4‐methoxy Benzeneacetonitrile, 4‐Methoxybenzyl alcohol methyl ether, Benzyl isothiocyanate and Benzeneacetaldehyde. The processing of tubers into flour resulted in significant GLS losses of 38%–87% compared with the respective cold storage treatment. Myrosinase activity showed no correlation with the content and type of GLS and low correlation with isothiocyanates and nitriles present. Our results revealed that drying conditions must be controlled to maintain GLS concentration in the final product.
The complement alternative pathway in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: From a pathogenic mechanism to a therapeutic target
Authors: Risitano Antonio M. , Frieri Camilla , Urciuoli Eleonora , Marano Luana 
Published: September 2022

SummaryParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare clonal, not malignant, hematological disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, thrombophilia and bone marrow failure. While this latter presentation is due to a T‐cell mediated auto‐immune disorder resembling acquired aplastic anemia, the first two clinical presentations are largely driven by the complement pathway. Indeed, PNH is characterized by a broad impairment of complement regulation on affected cells, which is due to the lack of the complement regulators CD55 and CD59. The deficiency of these two proteins from PNH blood cells is due to the somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositol N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A gene causing the disease, which impairs the surface expression of all proteins linked via the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The lack of the complement regulators CD55 and CD59 on PNH erythrocytes accounts for the hallmark of PNH, which is the chronic, complement‐mediated intravascular hemolysis. This hemolysis results from the impaired regulation of the alternative pathway upstream in the complement cascade, as well as of the downstream terminal pathway. PNH represented the first indication for the development of anti‐complement agents, and the therapeutic interception of the complement cascade at the level of C5 led to remarkable changes in the natural history of the disease. Nevertheless, the clinical use of an inhibitor of the terminal pathway highlighted the broader derangement of complement regulation in PNH, shedding light on the pivotal role of the complement alternative pathway. Here we review the current understanding of the role of the alternative pathway in PNH, including the emergence of C3‐mediated extravascular hemolysis in PNH patients on anti‐C5 therapies. These observations provide the rationale for the development of novel complement inhibitors for the treatment of PNH. Recent preclinical and clinical data on proximal complement inhibitors intercepting the alternative pathway with the aim of improving the treatment of PNH are discussed, together with their clinical implications which are animating a lively debate in the scientific community.
A meta‐analysis on the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage combined with autologous platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of Grade 2 and Grade 3 diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Ling , Hu Ling , Li Ting , Zou Yi , Li Hong‐lin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aims to systemically evaluate the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The China HowNet, China Biomedical Literature, VIP periodical resource integration service platform, Wanfang, Embase, Cochrane Central, and PubMed databases were retrieved using the computer. The retrieval period was up to July 2021. Randomised controlled trials on VSD combined with PRP in the treatment of DFU were collected. Those trials that met the inclusion criteria were included for meta‐analysis using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 13 articles were included. In the trial group, 477 patients with DFU were treated with VSD combined with PRP, while in the control group, 482 patients with DFU were treated with conventional dressings and/or VSD. The meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the control group, VSD combined with PRP has significant advantages in shortening healing time (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.07 to −0.67, P < .00001), improving ulcer healing rates (odds ratio = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.95 ~ 5.46, P < .00001), and reducing hospital stays (mean difference = −15.29, 95% CI: −16.05 to −14.54, P < .00001), but the differences in dressing change times (SMD = −1.27, 95% CI: −2.71 to 0.17, P = .08) and hospitalisation expenses (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI: −13.40 to 13.07, P = .98) were not statistically significant. VSD combined with autologous PRP has good curative efficacy in the treatment of DFU and is a better treatment option. However, this treatment is limited in patients with platelet dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, leukaemia, and poor general condition.
‘Is This Really Europe?’ Migration, Social Practice and the Performance of Global Citizenship
Authors: Vella Raphael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA socially engaged art project conducted in Malta in 2021 brought together a group of participants from different sub‐Saharan African countries with artists and researchers to promote civic engagement and cultural inclusion and understand how participants' ideas could be promoted and discussed beyond the workshop. This article addresses one of the project's central themes – citizenship – and argues that democratic participation is enacted in the actual processes of social practice in art. Informed by the principles of Global Citizenship Education, the article highlights its references to human solidarity, empathy and sustainable development and distinguishes them from a notion of citizenship that is framed within the legal, political and physical boundaries of the nation‐state. While the segregation of non‐citizens in contexts like this can interfere with the development of voices of resistance and a sense of agency among migrants, the article explains how principles of Global Citizenship Education can enrich socially engaged practices in art and education by subverting fixed citizen identities in the performance of pedagogical processes and acts of presentation.
Financial statement comparability and accounting fraud
Authors: Blanco Belen , Dhole Sandip , Gul Ferdinand A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe examine the association between financial statement comparability and the likelihood of accounting fraud. Prior research documents a negative association between the quality of a firm's reporting environment and accounting fraud. We build on this literature and show that poor financial statement comparability is associated with a greater likelihood of accounting fraud. We also find that accounting comparability declines over time as the year of fraud detection approaches and that the association between comparability and fraud becomes more negative over this time. In addition, we find that financial statement comparability improves after fraud detection, consistent with the notion that managers improve their financial reporting quality after fraud.
CaMKII orchestrates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway
Authors: Kong Lingheng , Zhang Yimeng , Ning Jiayi , Xu Chennian , Wang Zhenyi , Yang Jian , Yang Lifang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic with potent antitumor effects, has limited clinical applications due to cumulative cardiotoxicity. Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is implicated in the pathological progression of Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. This study examined the hypothesis that CaMKII exacerbates Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis through regulation of the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/spliced X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) pathway. Our results demonstrated that CaMKII activation and IRE1α/XBP1s pathway were involved in Dox‐treated hearts. CaMKII inhibition with KN‐93 ameliorated Dox‐induced cardiac dysfunction and pathological myocardial changes. In addition, CaMKII inhibition prevented Dox‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Moreover, CaMKII inhibition increased the expression of IRE1α and XBP1s in Dox‐treated hearts. The IRE1α inhibitor 4μ8C blocked the protective effect of CaMKII inhibition against Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Mechanistically, 4μ8C prevented the effects of CaMKII inhibition on Dox‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of IRE1α and XBP1s. Additionally, treatment with rhADAMTS13 decreased the protein level of thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) and the phosphorylation of CaMKII in Dox‐treated human AC16 cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ADAMTS13‐TSP1 axis regulates CaMKII activation and exacerbates Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis by inhibiting the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment: Valuation and patient preferences in older Japanese adults with cancer
Authors: Nishijima Tomohiro F. , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Esaki Taito , Morita Masaru , Toh Yasushi , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for the management of older adults with cancer. We evaluated the effect of CGA conducted by a geriatric oncology service (GOS) on the management of older adults with cancer. We also queried patients about their perceptions of the value of this process.MethodsThis was a prospective quality assessment study of 498 consecutive older adults with cancer who were referred to the GOS from May 2020 through December 2021. Treating physicians requested a consultation and the GOS conducted a CGA and assessed patient preferences. The GOS provided recommendations on cancer treatment and geriatric interventions. Patient perspectives on the consultation were evaluated using collaboRATE and modified Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions (PACIC) subscales.ResultsA 10‐item frailty index based on a CGA (FI‐CGA‐10) [Oncologist, 26, e1751 (2021)] in the 498 patients showed that 19% of patients were fit, 40% pre‐frail, and 41% frail. Prior to CGA the intent of the proposed cancer treatment was curative in 56% (n = 280), life‐extending in 40% (n = 201), and palliative in 3.4% (n = 17). After a CGA consultation, a cancer treatment decision was changed in 45% of patients. The intent of treatment after the CGA consultation was curative in 45%, life‐extending in 34%, and palliative in 21%. At least one referral to relevant disciplines was recommended for 88% of patients and was implemented in 43%. As part of the GOS consultation educational support was provided to 97% of patients. Based on the collaboRATE and PACIC tools, patients perceived the GOS consultation positively and helpful for facilitating shared decision‐making and patient‐centered care.ConclusionOur institutional experience demonstrated the valuable effect of the CGA consultation on oncologic decision‐making and geriatric interventions in a patient‐centered manner.