bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POHON-POHON RENTANG INDEPENDEN DALAM BEBERAPA GRAPH BERATURAN
Authors: Priyambodo Otniel Sukma , Budayasa I Ketut 
Published: July 2022

Pohon-pohon perentang T1 ,T2 ,...,Tk pada graf G disebut pohon-pohon perentang independen lengkap jika pohon-pohon perentang tersebut perpasang pisah-sisi dan pisah-titik secara internal. Fokus permasalahan dalam artikel ini adalah mencari pohon perentang independen lengkap pada graf sedemikian hingga pohon-pohon perentang tersebut pisah-sisi dan pisah-titik secara internal.
Analisis Psikoakustik Gending Tari Topeng Gunungsari
Authors: Kurniawan Candra , Finahari Nurida , Soebiyakto Gatot 
Published: July 2022

Pertunjukan tari merupakan komunikasi karya seni antara penari dengan penontonnya. Keunikan kesenian daerah merupakan bentuk kekayaan budaya lokal. Salah satu tari tradisional Kabupaten Malang adalah Tari Topeng Gunungsari. Bentuk respon penari terhadap gending pengiringnya dapat dianalisis dari aspek psikoakustik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis psikoakustik gending tari topeng Gunungsari. Analisis suara dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi Wave Surfer untuk mendapatkan sinyal temporal dan spektral. AplikasiWavePad digunakan untuk mendapatkan tampilan suara dalam mode FFT (fast fourier transform) untuk spektral dan TFT (time frequency transform) untuk spektral. Selanjutnya, aplikasi Audacity digunakan untuk menumerisasikan sinyal suara. Sampel diambil masing-masing sebanyak 100 data yang diambil dari grafik per menit. Hasil numerisasi diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel untuk mendapatkan persamaan garis tren grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gending Gunungsari memiliki karakteristik spektral dan temporal yang berpola polinomial. Pola temporal sesuai dengan regresi polinomial derajat 6 sedangkan pola spektralnya berderajat 3 atau 4.
Persistencia en las fluctuaciones asociadas al índice de concentración del ozono O3 en la ciudad de México
Authors: García Otamendi Edgar Israel , Matias Gutierres Sergio 
Published: July 2022

La función de estructura Fq ( Δn ) de orden q es usada para analizar la tendencia de las fluctuaciones asociadas a los valores máximos de concentración del Ozono (MaxO3 ), relativos a seis estaciones de la base de datos de la Red Automática de Monitoreo Atmosférico (RAMA) en un periodo de 20 años, durante 1998 a 2017. Encontramos que las fluctuaciones de O3 obedecen un comportamiento de ley de potencia Fq ( Δn ) ∝ ( Δn )Hq , donde Hq =0.878 ±0.024 , Hq =0.757 ± 0.033 y Hq =0.531± 0.0535 con q= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 para concentraciones de Ozono O3 ≥ 100, 150, 200 ppb respectivamente, exhibiendo persistencia de las series temporales analizadas con correlaciones de largo alcance para O3 ≥ 100, 150 ppb hasta en cuatro órdenes de magnitud, mientras que para O 3 ≥ 200 ppb se acerca más a la aleatoriedad, es decir, el contaminante O3 no se está dispersando eficientemente si no que contribuye a este comportamiento de persistencia para MaxO3 ≥ 100, 150 ppb en el área de las seis estaciones de monitoreo.
El dulce abismo. Metáforas sobre el amor y el erotismo en Silvio Rodríguez
Authors: Rosales Ayala Silvano Héctor 
Published: July 2022

Resumen
Silvio Rodríguez, trovador cubano, a los 74 años, tiene una trayectoria de más de cuatro décadas, en interacción permanente con los avatares de la sociedad cubana, de América Latina, y en muchos sentidos con la conformación de una sociedad global. En este ensayo deseamos compartir algunas ideas que pueden servir para comprender de qué manera, amor y erotismo se encuentran presentes en las canciones de Silvio, al mismo tiempo que el poeta enriquece sus significados y sus sentidos. Postulamos que, en el corpus creativo de nuestro cantor, se expresan formas poéticas que cumplen dos condiciones: sirven a propósitos específicos de enamorar, contar experiencias de vida, denunciar las trampas sociales al amor y anunciar configuraciones nuevas de amar de manera libre y plena, sin descuidar el universo de la pareja, pero ampliando los horizontes hacia la fraternidad y la trascendencia. Como ocurre con una gran variedad de expresiones artísticas, al decir de Ernst Bloch, ellas son portadoras de un excedente utópico. Amor y erotismo se proyectan hacia el futuro, un futuro que debería cumplir varias condiciones para que el amor fuera libre y el erotismo, la llama doble de la que habló Octavio Paz.
ANALISIS EROSI PADA DAS NOELMINA MENGGUNAKAN METODE USLE
Authors: Sri Santi L M F Seran  
Published: July 2022

Erosi merupakan peristiwa terangkutnya tanah atau bagian-bagian tanah dari satu tempat ke tempat lain oleh media alami. Media alami yang berperan adalah air dan angin erosi menyebabkan hilangnya lapisan tanah yang dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya kemampuan tanah untuk menyerap dan menahan air hujan yang jatuh diatas tanah. Proses erosi dapat ditinjau dari tiga proses yang berurutan yaitu pengelupasan (detachment), pengangkutan (transportation), dan sedimentasi (sedimentation) (Suripin, 2002). Tiga tahapan erosi adalah tahap pelepasan dari massa tanah, tahap pengangkutan oleh media yang erosive seperti aliran air dan angin, dan tahap pengendapan yang terjadi pada kondisi aliran yang melemah. Erosi juga dapat disebut pengikisan atau pengelupasan yang merupakan proses penghanyutan oleh kekuatan air dan angin, baik yang berlangsung secara alamiah maupun akibat perbuatan manusia. Pengertian yang lain juga menyebutkan bahwa erosi adalah hilangnya bagian – bagian tanah yang berpindah akibat air atau angin dari suatu tempat ke tempat yang lainnya. Dari pengertian erosi diatas dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan bahwa erosi merupakan suatu proses hilangnya atau pengelupasan pada top soil kulit bumi akibat faktor alam maupun organisme Daerah Aliran Sungai Noelmina terletak di antara Kabupaten Kupang dan Kabupaten TTS memiliki pola aliran DAS berbentuk dentritik dengan panjang sungai utama 37,40 km. Menggunakan Metode Usle di peroleh Nilai Erosivitas hujan ( R) = 824,88, dengan kemiringan lereng yang paling dominan 26 – 40% dengan Nilai S = 0.26, jenis tanah yang dominan adalah Litoshol dengan Nilai K = 0.075. Dari Nilai – nilai diatas diketahui besar erosi yang terjadi adalah 524.24 ton per tahun.
HVOF Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Cermet Coating to Improve the Erosion Resisting Performance of the Coal Burning Boiler Tube
Authors: Shimizu Yasuo , Sakaki Kazuhiko , Yoshikane Takahiro , Fujioka Junzo , Komatz Motoharu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coating was investigated to improve the erosion resisting performance of the coal burning boiler tube exposed by fly ash erosion. SUS 310S stainless steel substrate was used to examine the effect of surface treatments. HVOF coating was compared with the calorizing treatment. Coating microstructure, mechanical properties such as hardness and sand blast erosion resistances, and high temperature oxidation resistance were examined. Erosion resisting performance and durability of the HVOF sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coating were superior to those obtained from the calorizing surface treatment.
Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composite for High Temperature Applications Obtained by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Valente T. , Marino G. , Tului M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nose and wing leading edges for future generations space vehicles will withstand very high temperature in an oxidizing environment. UHTC (Ultra High Temperature Ceramics) materials are very promising candidate materials for such applications. An innovative, proprietary methodology was developed to produce, by plasma spraying deposition, a ceramic composite containing SiC particles (25 wt %) dispersed in a ZrB2 matrix. With such a technique both coatings and self standing parts were fabricated. In the present paper, the results of mechanical characterisations, carried out on self standing samples, are presented. Tensile and bending properties were determined by mechanical tests on as sprayed samples and on samples exposed at high temperature (2173 K) in oxidising conditions. Experimental results clearly evidenced the possibility to use the plasma spraying technology and suggest that the so fabricated ZrB2-SiC material is suitable to be adopted as protective coating.
Development of Thermally Sprayed Coating Applied for Boiler Tube
Authors: Kobayashi Y. , Yamaguchi S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
New composite materials thermally spray powder is developed in order to protect the surface of boiler tube while long period more than up to this time. This powder is so constitute that original sermet is organized from several bolides and inter metallic compounds (patent pending applied for). For the reliable electric power supply, the steam generating boiler is important facility still today. And in boiler operation, one of the most significant problems is the prevention of boiler tube failure. The main destructive processes that ravage boiler tubes are corrosion and erosion. During the last several years, thermally sprayed coating has been applied to the surfaces of boiler tubes. Accordingly, this paper reports on the effects of this developed powder’s coating as compared with these conventional coatings on the prevention of these hot abrasion are tested in laboratory.
Residual Stress Analysis in Plasma Sprayed Free-Standing Zirconia Components
Authors: Markocsan N. , Nylen P. , Fogarassy P. , Manescu A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
New technologies as Near Net-Shape Spray Forming offer good possibilities to obtain quickly and easily nozzle type refractory components. Excessive material utilisation and laborious machining can be avoided. Cylindrical shape components have been obtained by plasma spraying of yttria partially stabilized zirconia powder on a preshaped mandrel which was subsequently removed. Residual stress analysis through the coatings has been performed using three evaluation methods. A mathematical model able to predict the levels of residual stress is presented and used. A finite element analysis is developed in order to calculate the residual stress field in the near-net shape formed coatings. The validation of the theoretical analysis and mathematical models were performed by neutron diffraction measurements. The experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by analytical methods and reveal low levels of residual stresses within the sprayed coatings.
Production of Rapidly Solidified Iron Matrix Composite Deposits with Dispersed Boride Particles by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Hoshiyama Yasuhiro , Miyake Hidekazu , Murakami Kenji , Nakajima Hideo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fe-B composite powder was produced by spray-drying of elemental iron and boron powders. Fe-ZrB2 composite powder was made by ball-milling of elemental iron and ZrB2 powders. These powders were plasma-sprayed in low-pressure argon atmosphere to produce iron matrix composite deposits with dispersed boride particles. As-sprayed deposits formed using Fe-B composite powder are composed of ferrite (α) and austenite (γ) phase that is supersaturated with boron due to the high cooling rate of molten particles on a substrate. Heat treatment of the deposit at 673 K leads to the formation of Fe3B. The deposit heat-treated at 1073 K is made up of α, Fe2B, and FeB. With increasing heat-treatment temperature up to 1073 K, the hardness of the deposit decreases. As-sprayed deposit produced using Fe-ZrB2 composite powder is composed of α, ZrB2, Fe2B, and Fe3Zr. Heat treatment of the deposit at 1073 K results in the formation of FeB. Heat treatment at 1073 K lowers hardness of the deposit.
Non-Destructive Adhesion Testing of Plasma-Sprayed Coatings Using Ultrasounds and Laser Shocks
Authors: Ducos M. , Bossuat B. , Walaszek H. , Barradas S. , Jeandin M. , Arrigoni M. , Boustie M. , Bolis C. , Berthe L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To address drawbacks with conventional destructive adhesion tests, two advanced nondestructive methods were developed to characterize the acoustic response of coating-substrate bonding. These new tests, immersion ultrasonic testing and laser shock adhesion testing, are discussed in this contribution. The paper describes the test process and results as compared to traditional destructive testing. The advantages and drawbacks of the techniques are addressed.
Characterization of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Boron Carbide
Authors: Salimijazi H.R. , Coyle T.W. , Mostaghimi J. , Leblanc L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Boron carbide has been successfully deposited on Ti alloy by vacuum plasma spraying (VPS). Mechanical properties of the deposited structure were assessed by micro-hardness and nano-hardness indentation. Chemical and phase compositions of the starting powder and the as-sprayed structure were characterized using hot gas extraction (LECO), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The microstructure consisted of equiaxed boron carbide grains, microcrystalline boron carbide particles, and amorphous carbon regions at the grain boundaries. The amount of boron oxide and amorphous carbon increased during spraying. Carbon segregation to grain boundaries in the as-deposited B4C was observed. The measured micro-hardness was slightly higher than values previously reported (1033 ± 2009 HV). There was significant variation of nano-hardness from point to point in the material due to the existence of multiple phases, splat boundaries, and porosity in the deposited structure.
Bioactivity and Biocompatibility of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Ding Chuanxian , Liu Xuanyong , Zheng Xuebin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wollastonite and its composite coatings with zirconia and titania have been deposited by plasma spraying. The bioactivity of coatings was evaluated using a simulated body fluid soaking test. The fetal rat’s osteoblasts were seeded on the surface of the coatings to examine their biocompatibility. The SEM and XRD technologies were used to examine the morphologies, structure and composition of the surface of the coatings soaked in the simulated body fluid. The results obtained showed that carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite was formed on the surfaces of wollastonite, wollastonite/ZrO2 and wollastonite/TiO2 coatings, while was not formed on the surfaces of ZrO2 and TiO2, indicating the wollastonite improved the bioactivity of ZrO2 and TiO2 coatings. Osteoblasts are able to survive and proliferate on the surfaces of wollastonite, wollastonite/ZrO2 and wollastonite/TiO2 coatings. It is enough to prove that these coatings possess excellent biocompatibility.
Study on Porosity of Plasma Sprayed Coating by Digital Image Analysis Method
Authors: Du Hao , Shoi Chul Ho , Lee Soo Wohn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Three kind of commercial ceramics powders, Al2O3, ZrO2 and TiO2 were deposited on 304 stainless steel plates by plasma spraying technique. Their porosities were evaluated with digital image analysis method. As the accuracy of this method depends significantly on metallographic preparation and metallography procedure for coating sample, we studied the effects of surface roughness, magnification and number of fields of view on the porosity. The proper values for the three parameters are discussed.
Use of a Twin Powder Feeder with the Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Process
Authors: Shukla V. , Sadangi R.K. , Kear B.H. , McCandlish L.E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray (CGDS), is a relatively new coating process in which small powder particles are accelerated to form coatings. Ductile metal powders are injected into a supersonic jet to achieve speeds of up-to approximately 1000m/s. Upon impact the powder particles dissipate their kinetic energy and form a coating without melting of the powder and unwanted heating of the substrate. In this process high deposition rates, at atmospheric conditions, of a wide range of ductile powders without phase change, grain growth or high residual stresses is possible. CGDS is ideal for production of coatings with bioactive materials, where it is desirable to maintain the chemical integrity of the powder in the coating. A twin powder feeder, that can feed two different materials in a cold gas dynamic spray system has been developed. The layered coatings of copper and aluminum are produced by this method are described.
Corrosion Protective Coatings by Modified Underwater Plasma Spraying
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Möhwald K. , Kolar D. , Engl L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This presentation gives an overview of a research project of the Institute of Materials Science at the University of Hannover (Germany) focussed on under water plasma spraying (UPS). The aim of this project is to qualify the process for the application of corrosion protective coatings. UPS could be used for maintenance of underwater constructions. Another field of application can be seen in an alternative for atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) in coating shops. Water is an excellent filter for noise and UV radiation. Furthermore, particle polluted water could quite easily be refined so that UPS could show environmental advantages compared to APS. The UPS process is characterized by a low standoff distance and therefore a small plasma spot. A very promising modification of the standard UPS process, which is examined in this project, is shrouded underwater plasma spraying (S-UPS). By adding the shroud to the underwater plasma spray device a large defined cavity could be build up so that spray distances comparable to APS are possible. By variation of the shroud gas in terms of air or inert gas it is possible to reach comparable or even better coating properties then using an APS process.
Alumina Coatings Formed by Electromagnetically Accelerated Plasma Spraying
Authors: Kitamura J. , Usuba S. , Kakudate Y. , Yokoi H. , Yamamoto K. , Tanaka A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Alumina (Al2O3) coatings on stainless steel substrates were fabricated by electromagnetically accelerated plasma spraying (EMAPS), which generated a high-velocity pulsed plasma jet of more than 2.5 km/s with a high peak pressure of 1 MPa. High amounts of α-Al2O3 crystalline phase in the raw powder was preserved in the EMAPS coatings where the ratio of α-Al2O3 to γ-Al2O3 was approximately 65:35, which is generally different from the α-Al2O3-rich coatings formed from α-Al2O3 raw powders using conventional spraying methods, such as plasma spraying, detonation gun spraying, and high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The specific wear rate of the coating formed from 6.6 µm raw powder at a spray distance of 100 mm was 2.3 × 10-6 mm3/Nm, which is comparable to that of sintered bulk α-Al2O3. Morphological features of the coatings and the crystal structures suggested that the plastic deformation by the high-velocity impact of highly viscous raw powders due to insufficient heating was dominant in the formation of dense coatings with highly structural ratios of α-Al2O3.
Modulation Plasma Technology
Authors: Gutman-Goodman Boris B. , Shumar James R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A combustion mixture of a hydrocarbon and air is injected into the plasma chamber along the direction of the plasma vortex, causing the plasma arc attachment to the anode to be in the diffusion attachment mode, where the plasma arc attaches to the anode surface over a large area, thereby substantially reducing the anode erosion rate. By modulating the plasma arc current with very sharp plasma arc current pulses at a frequency related to the dwell time of the spray particles in the plasma, multiple sequential plasma shock waves which disintegrate the spray particles and accelerate them toward the target substrate. The increased velocity of the spray particles combined with their smaller size results in greatly increased cooling rates when they impact the target substrate, thereby resulting in amorphous spray-coatings as well, with improved characteristics, including decreased porosity, higher tensile bond strength, and increased hardness, as well as having a greatly increased deposition rate. The plasma arc current is precisely controlled to assure small time constant in the plasma so that rapid changes in the plasma arc current are forming the plasma shock waves that strongly impact the spray particles.
Dense Oxide Coating Deposition by High Velocity TPCVD Utilizing Boiling of Metal Alcoxide
Authors: Ando Yasutaka , Tobe Shogo , Saito Takashi , Tahara Hirokazu , Yoshikawa Takao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thermal plasma CVD is hoped to be made fit for practical use because this process is the process which can fabricate precisely structure and component controlled coatings. Especially, TPCVD will be used in the industrial fields where thermal spraying has been used so far since TPCVD come to be studied under an atmospheric environment recently. However, TPCVD coatings fabricated under an atmospheric environment is porous and brittle. So that, TPCVD has been mostly carried out under a low pressure environment and high equipment cost has been demanded. As for the method to solve this problem, according to the report on a gas-deposition process, improvement of the jet flow is thought to be useful. Therefore, in this study, in order to obtain dense and rigid film by TPCVD under an atmospheric environment, Dense oxide coating deposition by High velocity TPCVD utilizing boiling of metal alkoxide was carried out. Consequently, though only brittle coating was deposited on the condition without boiling of metal alkoxide, dense and rigid coating was deposited even under an atmospheric environment on the condition with boiling. From this result, TPCVD was found to have high potential for rapid deposition of dense and rigid coatings.
Controlled Atmosphere Reaction Plasma Synthesis of Multicomponent Ceramic Powders
Authors: Shukla V. , Sadangi R.K. , Kear B.H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A four inch external diameter copper reaction synthesis tube for attachment to an air plasma spray gun has been designed and constructed. This tube enables the entire hot plasma zone to be enclosed by flowing gas. The tube is water cooled, and enables control of the reaction/melting conditions for the materials that are injected into the plasma as dry powder, slurry or solutions. A supersonic nozzle is also incorporated into the design to promote powder production. Provision for capturing the reaction products in water is made and separation gives the final ceramic powders.
A CFD Analysis of the Relationships between Process Parameters and Particle In-flight Characteristics in Flame Spraying
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Robi , Nylen Per , Wigren Jan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The flame spraying process has been analysed using three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The process employed at the Volvo Aero Corporation for the coating of fan and compressor housings has been modelled. The gas combustion was simulated as a multi-component chemically reacting flow. The standard, two equations, k-ε turbulence model was employed. A statistical analysis of the computer simulation experiments revealed that particle velocity and particle temperature were dependent on four process parameters, namely the acetylene flow rate, the carrier gas flow, the powder feed rate and the spray distance. The most important factors influencing particle velocity and temperature were the acetylene flow rate and the carrier gas flow. The carrier gas flow rate was shown to have an unexpectedly large influence on particle in-flight properties. Simulations were repeated with particles of different median diameters. The study revealed that a very high correlation existed between particle temperature and particle velocity for particles of the same median diameter. Furthermore, the particle median diameter, when compared with the investigated process parameters, was found to have a more pronounced influence on both particle temperature and velocity. It would appear that the use of powder lots comprised of sufficiently fine-grained powders is the most promising single contribution towards increasing deposition efficiency that can be applied to the current process.