bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase of mast cells in COVID‐19 pneumonia may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and thrombosis
Authors: Wismans Leonoor V , Lopuhaä Boaz , de Koning Willem , Moeniralam Hazra , van Oosterhout Matthijs , Ambarus Carmen , Hofman Frederik N , Kuiken Thijs , Endeman Henrik , Mustafa Dana A M , von der Thüsen Jan H 
Published: November 2022

AimsLung tissue from COVID‐19 patients shares similar histomorphological features with chronic lung allograft disease, also suggesting activation of autoimmune‐related pathways in COVID‐19. To more clearly understand the underlying spectrum of pathophysiology in COVID‐19 pneumonia, we analysed mRNA expression of autoimmune‐related genes in post‐mortem lung tissue from COVID‐19 patients.Methods and resultsFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded lung tissue samples of 18 COVID‐19 patients and eight influenza patients were used for targeted gene expression profiling using NanoString technology. Multiplex immunofluorescence for tryptase and chymase was applied for validation. Genes related to mast cells were significantly increased in COVID‐19. This finding was strengthened by multiplex immunofluorescence also showing a significant increase of tryptase‐ and chymase‐positive cells in COVID‐19. Furthermore, receptors for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) and pro‐platelet basic protein (PPBP) were up‐regulated in COVID‐19 compared to influenza. Genes associated with Type I interferon signalling showed a significant correlation to detected SARS‐CoV2 pathway‐related genes. The comparison of lung tissue samples from both groups based on the presence of histomorphological features indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome did not result in finding any specific gene or pathways.ConclusionTwo separate means of measuring show a significant increase of mast cells in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected lung tissue compared to influenza. Additionally, several genes involved in fibrosis and thrombosis, among which are RAGE and PPBP, are up‐regulated in COVID‐19. As mast cells are able to induce thrombosis and fibrosis, they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19.
The multi‐step process optimisation of candied kidney beans with high nutrients and γ‐aminobutyric acid retention
Authors: Xiao Tianzhen , Wang Zhonglei , Ma Yuling , Wang Aixia , Chen Zhiying , Wang Lili , Wang Fengzhong , Tong Li‐Tao 
Published: November 2022

SummaryThe candied kidney bean contains a vital bioactive compound called γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), which could be easily lost in the traditional producing processes like soaking, cooking and candying. The traditional procedure distinctly decreased the GABA content to the GABA retention rate of 34.01% in the candied kidney bean. In this study, the optimum technological methods of soaking, cooking and candying were determined by single factor experiment according to the GABA content. The optimised producing condition was that the kidney bean was soaked at 55°C for 5 h, followed by atmospheric steaming for 35 min and then subjected to microwaving candying at 150 W for 25 min. By the optimal procedure, the GABA content retention reached 75.33%. Meanwhile, the texture, nutrient contents and antioxidant capacity were obviously improved in the candied kidney beans produced by the optimal methods.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 modulates the metamorphosis and reproduction of Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Li Chengjun , Wang Youwei , Ge Runting , Zhang Ling , Du Huanyu , Zhang Jiangyan , Li Bin , Chen Keping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is necessary for ribosome biogenesis and translation, but eIF6 has been poorly elucidated in insects. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that eIF6 originated from one ancestral gene among animals and exhibited specific duplication in Tribolium, yielding three homologues in Tribolium castaneum, eIF6, eIF6‐like 1 (eIF6l1), and eIF6‐like 2 (eIF6l2). It was found that eIF6 was highly expressed in the embryonic and early adult stages, eIF6l1 had peak expression at the adult stage, and eIF6l2 showed peak expression in late adults of T. castaneum. Tissue‐specific analyses in late‐stage larvae demonstrated that eIF6 was abundantly expressed in all tissues, while eIF6l1 and eIF6l2 had the highest expression in the gut and the lowest expression in the head of T. castaneum. Knockdown of eIF6 caused precocious pupation and eclosion, impaired ovary and testis development and completely repressed egg production. The expression levels of vitellogenin 1 (Vg1), Vg2 and Vg receptor (VgR) significantly decreased in ds‐eIF6 females 5 days post‐adult emergence. Silencing eIF6 activated ecdysteroid biosynthesis and juvenile hormone degradation but reduced the activity of insulin signalling in T. castaneum, which might mediate its roles in metamorphosis, reproduction and gene expression regulation. However, silence of eIF6l1 or eIF6l2 had no effects on metamorphosis and reproduction in T. castaneum. This study provides comprehensive information for eIF6 evolution and function in the insect.
Changes in myocardial work associated with pediatric kidney transplantation: A pilot study of short‐term postoperative effect
Authors: Xiao Fei , Fan Rui , Zhang Jingwei , Ye Min , Li Wei , Liu Donghong , Liu Longshan , Yao Fengjuan , Lin Hong , Li Cuiling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe study was mainly to evaluate the changes of left ventricular (LV) myocardial work (MW) in children with CKD stage 5 within 3 months after kidney transplantation (KTx). Forty‐three successful KTx recipients (mean age 10.6 years, 58% male) in childhood and 28 healthy children were enrolled. General clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected. Cardiac structure, function, and LV MW were assessed by echocardiography before and after KTx. The results showed that significantly improvement was observed in LV global MW index (GWI), constructive MW (GCW), and wasted MW (GWW) (p < .01), but not in MW efficiency (GWE) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (p > .05). Besides, blood pressure (BP), renal graft function, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and LV mass index (LVMi) had obviously improved after KTx (p < .05). Nevertheless, compared with healthy children, higher BP, LVMi, GWW, more deteriorated LV diastolic function and lower GWE were still observed in patients after KTx. The ratio of dialysis duration to CKD course were negatively correlated with the improvements of GWE (p = .004), GWI (p = .01), and GCW (p = .01). In conclusion, a portion of LV MW parameters were obviously improved in children received KTx. Thus, LV MW was superior to GLS in evaluating LV systolic function recovery in these patients. Those patients with insignificant MW improvement should be closely monitored, and adjusted the treatment strategies timely to avoid serious and irreversible myocardial injury after KTx.
Safety and effectiveness of dulaglutide 0.75 mg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in real‐world clinical practice: 36 month post‐marketing observational study
Authors: Chin Rina , Nagaoka Soshi , Nakasawa Haru , Tanaka Yoko , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThis study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes in the real‐world setting in Japan.Materials and MethodsThis prospective, observational post‐marketing surveillance study was conducted for 36 months (July 2016 to July 2021) in Japan. Investigators reported data via an electronic data capture system. Data were analyzed by overall population and age group (<65, ≥65 to <75, and ≥75 years).ResultsThe analysis population (N = 3,136) included 1,538 (49.04%), 869 (27.71%), and 729 (23.25%) patients aged <65 years, ≥65 to <75 years, and ≥75 years, respectively. Overall, 231 patients (7.37%) experienced ≥1 adverse drug reactions, with the highest frequency in the ≥75 years group. The most common adverse drug reactions were gastrointestinal disorders (n = 106; 3.38%). Severe hypoglycemia (n = 4; 0.13%), major adverse cardiovascular events (n = 4; 0.13%), and acute pancreatitis (n = 1; 0.03%) were uncommon. The mean glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight were reduced from baseline by −0.76% and −1.6 kg, respectively (last observation carried forward). The rate of dulaglutide continuation at 36 months was 58.03% overall and 59.43%, 63.13%, and 48.88% in the <65, ≥65 to <75, and ≥75 years groups, respectively. A factor analysis showed age ≥65 years was associated with a greater incidence of gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions as well as larger reductions in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight.ConclusionsThe current real‐world data are in accordance with clinical trial findings and further confirm the safety and effectiveness of dulaglutide for elderly patients, whose numbers were limited in the clinical trials.
Sociality, ecology and developmental constraints predict variation in brain size across birds
Authors: Hardie Jasmine L. , Cooney Christopher R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConflicting theories have been proposed to explain variation in relative brain size across the animal kingdom. Ecological theories argue that the cognitive demands of seasonal or unpredictable environments have selected for increases in relative brain size, whereas the ‘social brain hypothesis’ argues that social complexity is the primary driver of brain size evolution. Here, we use a comparative approach to test the relative importance of ecology (diet, foraging niche and migration), sociality (social bond, cooperative breeding and territoriality) and developmental mode in shaping brain size across 1886 bird species. Across all birds, we find a highly significant effect of developmental mode and foraging niche on brain size, suggesting that developmental constraints and selection for complex motor skills whilst foraging generally imposes important selection on brain size in birds. We also find effects of social bonding and territoriality on brain size, but the direction of these effects do not support the social brain hypothesis. At the same time, we find extensive heterogeneity among major avian clades in the relative importance of different variables, implying that the significance of particular ecological and social factors for driving brain size evolution is often clade‐ and context‐specific. Overall, our results reveal the important and complex ways in which ecological and social selection pressures and developmental constraints shape brain size evolution across birds.
Bailouts and the modeling of bank distress
Authors: Galil Koresh , Samuel Margalit , Shapir Offer Moshe , Wagner Wolf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we develop a model for predicting distress events among large banks. We show that a bailout possibility induces different behaviors among small and large banks, and the proposed failure prediction model for large banks is thus considerably different from that for small banks. Major bank‐level fundamentals show opposite conjecture directions for large versus small banks. The Tier 1 capital ratio, which is under the scrutiny of regulators and investors, has almost no distress prediction power among large banks. However, banks rescued by governments tend to maintain a lower Tier 1 ratio. The cost of funding in large banks is negatively correlated with the probability of failure, reflecting the fact that lenders internalize the too‐big‐to‐fail (TBTF) policy and demand a lower interest rate from TBTF banks.
An evaluation of the feasibility of implementing the BeWEL lifestyle intervention programme for people at increased risk of colorectal cancer – from research to real life
Authors: Anderson Annie S. , Donaghy Claire , Lamb Ross , Steele Robert J. C. , Moug Susan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe BeWEL randomised controlled trial (RCT) of weight loss in people with colorectal adenomas demonstrated that a significant proportion of people are interested in lifestyle interventions (49%) and clinically relevant changes in body weight were achieved at 12‐month follow‐up. The current work aimed to assess the feasibility of the BeWEL programme invitation and delivery in a nonresearch setting to assess whether the original results could be replicated.MethodsThe original BeWel programme was modified through the provision of verbal introductions (vs. letter), requirement for people to contact BeWEL team (vs. BeWEL team contacting them), community delivery (vs. home), duration (12 weeks vs. 12 months) and two intervention visits (vs. 3) and inclusion of people with predisposition to colorectal cancer. Eligible people were informed about the BeWel programme from National Health Service (NHS) staff after colonoscopy procedures and invited to contact a dedicated Bowel Cancer UK lifestyle team.ResultsFindings demonstrated that programme uptake (10.6% vs. 33%) and retention (71% vs. 93%) was significantly lower than that obtained from the BeWEL RCT. For people who participated in the 3‐month programme (n = 21), self‐reported weight loss (mean: −7% body weight) was successful, and the programme was well received.ConclusionsThe current approach to engaging clients with the BeWEL programme is unsustainable. Reliance on busy NHS staff to deliver invitations and the need for people to contact the delivery team (due to data protection) may have impacted on uptake. Alternative approaches to supporting weight management in this population should be explored further.
Falls of newborn infants in a New Zealand hospital: A case series
Authors: Mitchell Edwin A , Rajay Aakash , Freeman Lesa , McIntosh Christine 
Published: November 2022

AimThe fall of a newborn baby to the hospital floor is a devastating experience for the family and staff caring for the mother and baby. The aim of this study was to report our experience in an ethnically diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged community.MethodsThe study was a retrospective case series of all baby falls in the Counties Manukau Health (New Zealand) post‐natal care wards, birthing suites and birthing units from 2015 to 2018. Information from the incident reporting system was used to identify the circumstances surrounding the fall. In addition, medical records of the mother and the baby were examined for the admission during which the fall occurred.ResultsThere were 32 cases (rate 12.1/10 000 live births). Mothers of babies who fell were more likely to present late for antenatal care, to smoke and be obese. They were more likely to have delivered by caesarean. Falls were more likely to occur at night and around weekends. In most instances (84%) the mother fell asleep with baby on the bed while breastfeeding. There were no major injuries.ConclusionsThe rate of baby falls is considerably greater than previous reports. Recommendations are made to reduce this occurrence. These can be incorporated into safe sleep education.
European College of Equine Internal Medicine consensus statement on equine flaviviridae infections in Europe
Authors: Cavalleri Jessika‐M. V. , Korbacska‐Kutasi Orsolya , Leblond Agnès , Paillot Romain , Pusterla Nicola , Steinmann Eike , Tomlinson Joy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHorses and other equids can be infected with several viruses of the family Flaviviridae, belonging to the genus Flavivirus and Hepacivirus. This consensus statement focuses on viruses with known occurrence in Europe, with the objective to summarize the current literature and formulate clinically relevant evidence‐based recommendations regarding clinical disease, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The viruses circulating in Europe include West Nile virus, tick‐borne encephalitis virus, Usutu virus, Louping ill virus and the equine hepacivirus. West Nile virus and Usutu virus are mosquito‐borne, while tick‐borne encephalitis virus and Louping ill virus are tick‐borne. The natural route of transmission for equine hepacivirus remains speculative. West Nile virus and tick‐borne encephalitis virus can induce encephalitis in infected horses. In the British Isle, rare equine cases of encephalitis associated with Louping ill virus are reported. In contrast, equine hepacivirus infections are associated with mild acute hepatitis and possibly chronic hepatitis. Diagnosis of flavivirus infections is made primarily by serology, although cross‐reactivity occurs. Virus neutralization testing is considered the gold standard to differentiate between flavivirus infections in horses. Hepacivirus infection is detected by serum or liver RT‐PCR. No direct antiviral treatment against flavi‐ or hepacivirus infections in horses is currently available and thus, treatment is supportive. Three vaccines against West Nile virus are licensed in the European Union. Geographic expansion of flaviviruses pathogenic for equids should always be considered a realistic threat, and it would be beneficial if their detection was included in surveillance programs.
Addictive smartphone use in the elderly: relationship with depression, anxiety and sleep quality
Authors: Karaş Hakan , Küçükparlak İlker , Özbek Melih Gökçek , Yılmaz Taner 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between addictive smartphone use (ASU) and depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleep quality in elderly adults.MethodsThe study sample included smartphone users over the age of 65 years. The research data were obtained from social networking sites via a Google survey link. In addition to filling out a sociodemographic data form, the participants were also assessed with Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Geriatric Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index tools.ResultsThe correlation analysis revealed the SAS score to be positively correlated with depression and anxiety, and negatively correlated with sleep quality. In the regression analysis, depressive symptoms, anxiety level and sleep quality were all found to have an effect on the SAS total score. Furthermore, the SAS score was found to have an effect on depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleep quality.ConclusionsOur findings reveal a bidirectional relationship between ASU and depressive, anxiety symptoms and impaired sleep quality in elderly adults. It is important to question smartphone use patterns in people with sleep problems, symptoms of depression or anxiety.
Keratose sponges in ancient carbonates – A problem of interpretation
Authors: Neuweiler Fritz , Kershaw Stephen , Boulvain Frédéric , Matysik Michał , Sendino Consuelo , McMenamin Mark , Munnecke Axel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReports of diverse vermiform and peloidal structures in Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic open marine to peritidal carbonates include cases interpreted to be keratose sponges. However, living keratose sponges have elaborate, highly elastic skeletons of spongin (a mesoscopic end‐member of a hierarchical assemblage of collagenous structures) lacking spicules, thus have poor preservation potential in contrast to the more easily fossilized spicule‐bearing sponges. Such interpreted fossil keratose sponges comprise diverse layered, network, amalgamated, granular and variegated microfabrics of narrow curved, branching, vesicular–cellular to irregular areas of calcite cement, thought to represent former spongin, embedded in microcrystalline to peloidal carbonate. Interpreted keratose sponges are presented in publications almost entirely in two‐dimensional (thin section) studies, usually displayed normal to bedding, lacking mesoscopic three‐dimensional views in support of a sponge body fossil. For these structures to be keratose sponges critically requires conversion of the spongin skeleton into the calcite cement component, under shallow‐burial conditions and this must have occurred prior to compaction. However, there is no robust petrographic–geochemical evidence that the fine‐grained carbonate component originated from sponge mummification (automicritic body fossils via calcification of structural tissue components) because in the majority of cases the fine‐grained component is homogenous and thus likely to be deposited sediment. Thus, despite numerous studies, verification of fossil keratose sponges is lacking. Although some may be sponges, all can be otherwise explained. Alternatives include: (i) meiofaunal activity; (ii) layered microbial (spongiostromate) accretion; (iii) sedimentary peloidal to clotted micrites; (iv) fluid escape and capture resulting in bird's eye to vuggy porosities; and (v) moulds of siliceous sponge spicules. Uncertainty of keratose sponge identification is fundamental and far‐reaching for understanding: (i) microfacies and diagenesis where they occur; (ii) fossil assemblages; and (iii) wider aspects of origins of animal clades, sponge ecology, evolution and the systemic recovery from mass extinctions. Thus, alternative explanations must be considered.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of a psychosocial web‐based intervention for adolescents distressed by a visible difference: Results from a randomized controlled trial in Norway
Authors: Kling Johanna , Asphaug Lars , Feragen Kristin B. 
Published: November 2022

Adolescents with a visible difference to the face or body (e.g., due to a congenital condition, illness, or injury), may be at risk of elevated psychological distress. Young Person's Face IT (YPF), a web‐based psychosocial intervention, has displayed effectiveness, but no previous study has specifically evaluated its cost‐effectiveness. The aim of our study was to investigate whether YPF could be a cost‐effective alternative for psychosocial support to adolescents distressed by a visible difference, relative to care‐as‐usual (CAU). Within the context of a randomized controlled trial in Norway, 102 participants (43% boys) were allocated to intervention (n = 55) or waiting list control group (n = 47). Mean age was 13.9 years (SD = 1.71; range 11–18), and all self‐identified as experiencing distress related to a visible difference. Participants answered questionnaires including measures of health‐related quality of life and social anxiety at baseline and 3‐month follow‐up. A health economic evaluation using the method of cost‐utility analysis was performed, including quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs). Results indicated that the incremental cost‐effectiveness of YPF was 63,641 Norwegian kroner per QALYs gained, which is well within the acceptability threshold in the Norwegian healthcare sector. Hence, YPF could potentially be considered a cost‐effective intervention for adolescents experiencing distress related to a visible difference, but more research is needed that includes comparisons of YPF to other health‐ and societal resources and long‐term follow‐ups. Our study also constitutes an addition to research as, compared to interventions for somatic diseases, there is a lack of studies exploring the cost‐effectiveness of psychological interventions.
Predicting the Aerial Application of Dispersant Onto an Oil Spill
Authors: Teske Milton E. , Whitehouse Glen R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The release of dispersant from an aircraft onto an oil spill is simulated using the AGDISPpro computer model, to develop a better understanding of how aircraft type, spray systems, and meteorological conditions affect the prediction of surface deposition. This model, originally developed for predicting the aerial release of pesticides for agricultural spray applications, is ideally suited to simulate the effects of aircraft type and flight condition/configuration, spray system arrangement, wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity (evaporation), release height, and spray application rate when spraying an oil spill. Predictions of droplet trajectories from the aircraft to the surface, drop size distributions at the release height, and deposition profiles are compared to two historical datasets for the Lockheed C-130, from field studies conducted in 1982 and 1993. This article shows that model accuracy improves from R2 = 0.411 to 0.827 with the earlier data, to R2 = 0.885 to 0.968 with the later data, most probably because of a better understanding of nozzle locations in the 1993 data. Model accuracy also appears improved when the aircraft flies in an in-wind direction, a configuration strongly recommended in the available literature.