bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation and Comparative Analysis of Three Boil-Off Gas Reliquefaction Systems
Authors: Yan Mingyue , Pan Zhen , Shang Liyan , Zhou Li , Yu Jingxian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In view of the problem that the boil-off gas (BOG) generated by small liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships affects the transportation safety, three BOG reliquefaction systems are improved, which are as follows: case 1: serial nitrogen expansion reliquefaction system (N2-BOG); case 2: single mixed refrigerant reliquefaction system (SMR-BOG); and case 3: propane precooled mixed refrigerant reliquefaction system (C3MR-BOG). The basic process is simulated in aspen plus and combined with the mathematical model built up in matlab where the three cycles are optimized with the specific power consumption (SPC) as the objective function. The results show that the SPC of three cases are 0.8021 kWh/kg (LNG), 0.4150 kWh/kg (LNG), and 0.5063 kWh/kg (LNG); the coefficient of performance (COP) of cases 1, 2, and 3 are 0.20, 0.39, and 0.30; the exergy efficiency of 36.56%, 70.66%, and 57.93% along with the total product cost of 89.00 $/h, 55.73 $/h, and 77.54 $/h are achieved in Cases 1–3, respectively. In addition, the overall exergy destruction of the cycles and each equipment are discussed, and the matching of the cold and heat sources of the multistream heat exchanger in the three systems is analyzed. In conclusion, under the condition that the BOG mass flowrate is 350 kg/h, the improved SMR-BOG has advantages on thermodynamic performance and economic analysis, which makes it a better choice.
Cavitation Characterization of Fluid Machinery Based on Cyclostationary Analysis: Part 1—Cavity Type Identification by Carrier Distribution
Authors: Wu Kelin , Wu Chengshuo , Wu Peng , Cao Linlin , Ye Haojie , Wu Dazhuan , Antoni Jérôme 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The state characterization of cavitation is significant not only for preventing catastrophic faults in industrial applications but also for keeping equipment stealthiness for military purposes. Many works concerning mechanical diagnostics search for modulation frequencies. However, this diagnosis strategy has so far been hindered in cavitation detection of fluid machinery. This results from that the first-order and second-order cyclostationary noise in the monitoring signal likely have the same modulation frequencies as the cyclostationary components caused by cavitation. To deal with this dilemma, the present paper proposes a novel strategy—cavitation characterization by carrier distribution. First, a cyclostationary model of a single cavitating blade is established. On this basis, the mathematical connection between spectral correlation, carrier power spectral density, and modulation quantities is elaborated. Finally, attached cavity and unattached cavity are identified qualitatively from carrier distribution by combining cavitation mechanism. The first paper is also a prelude to the second paper where cavitation quantitative characterization is achieved by modulation intensity indicators.
Multilevel determinants of community health workers for an effective maternal and child health programme in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Gebremeskel Akalewold T , Omonaiye Olumuyiwa , Yaya Sanni 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCountries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continue to have the highest maternal and under-five child deaths in the world. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is amplifying the problems and overwhelming already fragile health systems. Community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly being acknowledged as crucial members of the healthcare workforce in improving maternal and child health (MCH). However, evidence is limited on multilevel determinants of an effective CHWs programme using CHWs’ perspective. The objective of this systematic review is to examine perceived barriers to and enablers of different levels of the determinants of the CHWs’ engagement to enhance MCH equity and a resilient community health system in SSA.MethodsWe systematically conducted a literature search from inception in MEDLINE complete, EMBASE, CINAHL complete and Global Health for relevant studies. Qualitative studies that presented information on perceived barriers to and facilitators of effectiveness of CHWs in SSA were eligible for inclusion. Quality appraisal was conducted according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative study checklist. We used a framework analysis to identify key findings.FindingsFrom the database search, 1561 articles were identified. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Using socio-ecological framework, we identified the determinants of CHWs’ effectiveness at 4 levels: individual/CHWs, interpersonal, community and health system logistics. Under each level, we identified themes of perceived barriers such as competency gaps, lack of collaboration, fragmentation of empowerment programmes. In terms of facilitators, we identified themes such as CHW empowerment, interpersonal effectiveness, community trust, integration of CHWs into health systems and technology.ConclusionEvidence from this review revealed that effectiveness of CHW/MCH programme is determined by multilevel contextual factors. The socio-ecological framework can provide a lens of understanding diverse context that impedes or enhances CHWs’ engagement and effectiveness at different levels. Hence, there is a need for health programme policy makers and practitioners to adopt a multilevel CHW/MCH programme guided by the socio-ecological framework to transform CHW programmes. The framework can help to address the barriers and scale up the facilitators to ensuring MCH equity and a resilient community health system in SSA.
Quality of newborn healthcare in the first week of life in Brazil’s primary care network: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis of the National Programme for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality – PMAQ
Authors: Flores-Quispe Maria del Pilar , Duro Suele Manjourany Silva , Blumenberg Cauane , Facchini Luiz , Zibel Alexsandro Behrens , Tomasi Elaine 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of good quality child care in the first week of life in primary care services in Brazil and identify associated factors related to maternal, primary healthcare (PHC) facility and municipality characteristics.SettingBrazilian PHC.Participants6715 users of PHC facilities aged over 18 years with children under 2 years of age.Primary outcomeThe good quality child care was defined when the following health interventions were performed during postnatal check-up in the first week of life: the child was weighed and measured; the healthcare professional observed breastfeeding techniques and offered counselling on the safest sleeping position; the umbilical cord was examined and the heel prick test was performed.ResultsThe prevalence of good quality care was 52.6% (95% CI 51.4% to 53.8%). Observation of breastfeeding techniques (75.9%) and counselling on the safest sleeping position (72.3%) were the activities least performed. Babies born to mothers who received a home visit from a community health worker and made a postpartum visit were twice as likely to receive good quality care (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.70 to 2.24 and OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.74 to 2.24, respectively).ConclusionsThe information reported by the mothers related to Family Health team work processes was associated with good quality care in the first week of life. Supporting strategies that strengthen health team active search and timely screening actions could promote adequate early childhood development.
Effect of intermittent fasting after ST-elevation myocardial infarction on left ventricular function: study protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial (INTERFAST-MI)
Authors: Dutzmann Jochen , Knöpp Kai , Kefalianakis Zoe , Daniel Jan-Marcus , Gufler Hubert , Wohlgemuth Walter , Kahles Florian , Sedding Daniel G 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPreclinical studies consistently show robust disease-modifying effects of intermittent fasting in animal models of cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of intermittent fasting on cardiovascular endpoints after myocardial infarction has not been investigated in a clinical trial so far.Methods and analysisThe INTERmittent FASTing after Myocardial Infarction (INTERFAST-MI) trial is a monocentric prospective randomised controlled non-confirmatory pilot study including 48 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. They will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either intermittent fasting (daily time-restricted eating; consuming food for not more than 8 hours/day, fasting for at least 16 hours/day) or to a control group without a particular diet. The follow-up time is 6 months. The prespecified primary outcome is change in left ventricular systolic function at 4 weeks from baseline to estimate effect size required to establishing sample size and power calculation for a future full-scale trial. Secondary outcomes include protocol adherence, recruitment, major adverse cardiac events, revascularisation, changes in left ventricular systolic function at 3 and 6 months, patient weight, blood pressure, and serum markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Enrolment began on 1 November 2020 and is expected to conclude in December 2021.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has received ethics approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00021784.
Hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated with its acquisition among adults in a Lake Victoria HIV hyperendemic fishing community in Kyotera district, Uganda: a cross-sectional observation
Authors: Ssuuna Charles , Ssempijja Victor , Kalibbala Sarah , Serwadda David , Yeh Ping Teresa , Wawer Maria , Gray Ronald , Chang Larry , Kagaayi Joseph , Reynolds Steven 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence and factors associated with viral acquisition in a HIV-hyperendemic fishing community, we tested sera for anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).DesignObservational cross-sectional study.SettingLarge fishing village on Lake Victoria, one of the HIV-hyperendemic Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) sites (HIV prevalence ~40%).ParticipantsSample of 460 RCCS participants aged 15–49 years from survey conducted from 5 December 2016 to 13 February 2017. These proportionately included HIV-negative, HIV-positive antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and HIV positive on ART participants.ResultsOf the 460 participants, 49.6% (95% CI 45.0% to 54.1%) had evidence of prior HBV infection and 3.7% (95% CI 2.3% to 5.9%) were either acutely or chronically infected. HBV risk increased with age, number of lifetime sex partners and HIV seropositivity. HBV risk decreased with HIV ART use among HIV-positive participants. Prevalence of prior HBV infection was 17.1% in participants aged 15–19 years, 43.2%, 55.3% and 70.1% in participants aged 20–39, 30–39 and 40–49 years, respectively (p<0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of prior HBV infection was 23.8% in participants with 0–1 lifetime sex partners, 43.2% and 54.8% in participants with 2–3 lifetime sex partners and 4+ lifetime sex partners, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsFindings from this fishing community suggest the need to provide HBV vaccination to adults at risk of sexual transmission who have not been previously immunised.
Patient-reported experiences and views on the Cytosponge test: a mixed-methods analysis from the BEST3 trial
Authors: Maroni Roberta , Barnes Jessica , Offman Judith , Scheibl Fiona , Smith Samuel G , Debiram-Beecham Irene , Waller Jo , Sasieni Peter , Fitzgerald Rebecca C , Rubin Greg ,   BEST3 Consortium, Walter Fiona M 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThe BEST3 trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the Cytosponge-trefoil factor 3, a cell collection device coupled with the biomarker trefoil factor 3, as a tool for detecting Barrett’s oesophagus, a precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), in primary care. In this nested study, our aim was to understand patient experiences.DesignMixed-methods using questionnaires (including Inventory to Assess Patient Satisfaction, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 and two-item perceived risk) and interviews.Outcome measuresParticipant satisfaction, anxiety and perceived risk of developing OAC.SettingGeneral practices in England.ParticipantsPatients with acid reflux enrolled in the intervention arm of the BEST3 trial and attending the Cytosponge appointment (N=1750).Results1488 patients successfully swallowing the Cytosponge completed the follow-up questionnaires, while 30 were interviewed, including some with an unsuccessful swallow.Overall, participants were satisfied with the Cytosponge test. Several items showed positive ratings, in particular convenience and accessibility, staff’s interpersonal skills and perceived technical competence. The most discomfort was reported during the Cytosponge removal, with more than 60% of participants experiencing gagging. Nevertheless, about 80% were willing to have the procedure again or to recommend it to friends; this was true even for participants experiencing discomfort, as confirmed in the interviews.Median anxiety scores were below the predefined level of clinically significant anxiety and slightly decreased between baseline and follow-up (p < 0.001). Interviews revealed concerns around the ability to swallow, participating in a clinical trial, and waiting for test results.The perceived risk of OAC increased following the Cytosponge appointment (p<0.001). Moreover, interviews suggested that some participants had trouble conceptualising risk and did not understand the relationships between test results, gastro-oesophageal reflux and risk of Barrett’s oesophagus and OAC.ConclusionsWhen delivered during a trial in primary care, the Cytosponge is well accepted and causes little anxiety.Trial registration numberISRCTN68382401.
Undifferentiated-predominant mixed-type early gastric cancer is more aggressive than pure undifferentiated type: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Peng , Zheng Xiang-Dong , Wang Jun-Mei , Geng Wen-Bin , Wang Xiaoyong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundStudies have shown that differentiated-predominant mixed-type early gastric cancer (EGC) is more aggressive than pure differentiated-type EGC. However, the biological behaviour of undifferentiated-predominant mixed-type (MU) EGC and pure undifferentiated-type (PU) EGC are controversial. This study was conducted to compare the biological behaviour of MU EGC and PU EGC.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted using literature published through PubMed and Embase from inception to 9 November 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (1) a direct or indirect comparison of MU and PU; (2) patients with EGC; (3) a specified outcome of lymph node metastasis (LNM), lymphovascular invasion, submucosal invasion and/or ulcer findings; and (4) the primary lesion was obtained. The literature search, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. The meta-analysis was conducted with a random-effect model using the Mantel-Haenszel method.ResultsTwelve publications with 5644 patients were included. Patients with MU EGC had significantly higher risk of LNM (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.72 to 3.03) and submucosal invasion (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.90 to 2.52) compared with patients with PU EGC. No difference was found between patients with MU and PU EGC with respect to lymphovascular invasion risk (OR 1.81; 95% CI 0.84 to 3.87). After stratifying the data according to depth of tumour invasion, a significantly higher risk for LNM was associated with intramucosal MU EGC (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.66 to 3.95) and submucosal MU EGC (OR 2.63; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.06). Submucosal MU EGC also had a significantly higher risk of lymphovascular invasion (OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.79 to 3.21) compared with submucosal PU EGC.DiscussionPatients with MU EGC had an increased risk of submucosal invasion and LNM compared with patients with PU EGC . MU patients with submucosal EGC also had an increased lymphovascular invasion risk compared with PU patients. Therefore, attention should be focused on the clinical management of patients with MU EGC.
Effect of acute aerobic exercise before immunotherapy and chemotherapy infusion in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: protocol for the ERICA feasibility trial
Authors: Gouez Manon , Pérol Olivia , Pérol Maurice , Caux Christophe , Ménétrier-Caux Christine , Villard Marine , Walzer Thierry , Delrieu Lidia , Saintigny Pierre , Marijnen Philippe , Pialoux Vincent , Fervers Béatrice 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPatients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) suffer from numerous symptoms linked to disease and treatment which may further impair the patient’s overall condition. In addition to its benefits on quality of life and fatigue, physical exercise may improve treatment response, notably due to its known effects on the immune system. The ERICA study is designed to assess the feasibility of a supervised acute physical exercise therapy realised immediately prior immune-chemotherapy infusion in patients with mNSCLC. Secondary objectives will examine the effects of acute exercise combined with an unsupervised home-walking programme on clinical, physical, psychosocial and biological parameters.Methods and analysisERICA is a prospective, monocentric, randomised controlled, open-label feasibility study conducted at the Centre Léon Bérard Comprehensive Cancer Center (France). Thirty patients newly diagnosed with mNSCLC will be randomised (2:1 ratio) to the ‘exercise’ or the ‘control’ group. At baseline and during the last treatment cycle, participants in both groups will receive Physical Activity recommendations, and two nutritional assessments. In the exercise group, participants will receive a 3-month programme consisting of a supervised acute physical exercise session prior to immune-chemotherapy infusion, and an unsupervised home-based walking programme with an activity tracker. The acute exercise consists of 35 min interval training at submaximal intensity scheduled to terminate 15 min prior to infusion. Clinical, physical, biological and psychosocial parameters will be assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months after inclusion. Biological measures will include immune, inflammatory, metabolic, oxidative stress biomarkers and molecular profiling.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the French ethics committee (Comité de protection des personnes Ile de France II, N°ID-RCB 20.09.04.65226, 8 December 2020). The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number:NCT04676009) and is at the pre-results stage. All participants will sign an informed consent form. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.
Participatory mental health interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: a realist review protocol
Authors: Heap Cheyann J , Jennings Hannah Maria , Mathias Kaaren , Gaire Himal , Gumbonzvanda Farirai , Gumbonzvanda Nyaradzayi , Gupta Garima , Jain Sumeet , Maharjan Bidya , Maharjan Rakchhya , Maharjan Sujen Man , Mahat Pashupati , Pillai Pooja , Webber Martin , Wright Jerome , Burgess Rochelle 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe launch of the Movement for Global Mental Health brought long-standing calls for improved mental health interventions in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) to centre stage. Within the movement, the participation of communities and people with lived experience of mental health problems is argued as essential to successful interventions. However, there remains a lack of conceptual clarity around ‘participation’ in mental health interventions with the specific elements of participation rarely articulated. Our review responds to this gap by exploring how ‘participation’ is applied, what it means and what key mechanisms contribute to change in participatory interventions for mental health in LMICs.Methods and analysisA realist review methodology will be used to identify the different contexts that trigger mechanisms of change, and the resulting outcomes related to the development and implementation of participatory mental health interventions, that is: what makes participation work in mental health interventions in LMICs and why? We augment our search with primary data collection in communities who are the targets of global mental health initiatives to inform the production of a programme theory on participation for mental health in LMICs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for focus group discussions (FGDs) was obtained in each country involved. FGDs will be conducted in line with WHO safety guidance during the COVID-19 crisis. The full review will be published in an academic journal, with further papers providing an in-depth analysis on community perspectives on participation in mental health. The project findings will also be shared on a website, in webinars and an online workshop.
Diagnostic yield of massively parallel sequencing in patients with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology: rationale and design of a national prospective cohort study
Authors: de Haan Amber , Eijgelsheim Mark , Vogt Liffert , van der Zwaag Bert , van Eerde Albertien M , Knoers Nine V A M , de Borst Martin H 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) can be caused by a variety of systemic or primary renal diseases. The cause of CKD remains unexplained in approximately 20% of patients. Retrospective studies indicate that massively parallel sequencing (MPS)-based gene panel testing may lead to a genetic diagnosis in 12%–56% of patients with unexplained CKD, depending on patient profile. The diagnostic yield of MPS-based testing in a routine healthcare setting is unclear. Therefore, the primary aim of the VARIETY (Validation of algoRithms and IdEnTification of genes in Young patients with unexplained CKD) study is to prospectively address the diagnostic yield of MPS-based gene panel testing in patients with unexplained CKD and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 before the age of 50 years in clinical practice.Methods and analysisThe VARIETY study is an ongoing, prospective, nationwide observational cohort study to investigate the diagnostic yield of MPS-based testing in patients with unexplained CKD in a routine healthcare setting in the Netherlands. Patients are recruited from outpatient clinics in hospitals across the Netherlands. At least 282 patients will be included to meet the primary aim. Secondary analyses include subgroup analyses according to age and eGFR at first presentation, family history, and the presence of extrarenal symptoms.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been obtained from the institutional review board of the University Medical Center Groningen. Study findings should inform physicians and policymakers towards optimal implementation of MPS-based diagnostic testing in patients with unexplained CKD.