bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical management of vascular anomalies of the head and neck
Authors: Léauté‐Labrèze Christine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDepending on impairment, treatment of vascular anomalies is decided on a case‐by‐case basis in pluridisciplinary consultations. Interventional treatments, especially surgery and sclerotherapy, are usually partially efficient and management of patients with vascular anomalies increasingly involves the use of medical drugs. The most common vascular tumor is infantile hemangioma where first‐line medical treatment, when necessary, is propranolol. Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon is now largely treated with sirolimus whereas first‐line treatment of coagulation disorders associated with venous malformations is based on low‐molecular‐weight heparins or direct anticoagulants. Sirolimus is the standard treatment for painful inflammatory manifestations of low‐flow vascular malformations such capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations that can occur singly or in combination but PIK3CA inhibitors, originally developed in oncology, have shown promising results in patients with PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum. Currently, medical treatments are poorly developed for high‐flow malformations such as arteriovenous malformations. However, new research aimed at delineating the different arteriovenous malformations based on molecular findings has given new hope for future development of targeted therapies.
The early faecal microbiota transfer alters bile acid circulation and amino acid transport of the small intestine in piglets
Authors: Teng Teng , Sun Guodong , Song Xin , Shi Baoming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) with lactation Min sows as faecal donor on blood immunity, small intestine amino acid transport capacity, bile acid circulation, and colon microbiota of recipient piglets. From Days 1 to 10, the recipient group (R group) was orally inoculated with a faecal suspension. The control group (Con group) was orally inoculated with sterile physiological saline. On Day 21, the results showed that the immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in plasma of the R group was increased (p < 0.05). The expression of 4F2hc in the jejunal mucosa and ileum mucosa of the R group was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Synergistetes in the colon of the R group was increased, Proteobacteria was diminished by FMT (p < 0.05). On Day 40, the concentrations of IgA, IgG, and interleukin‐2 detected in the plasma of the R group were increased (p < 0.05). FXR and fibroblast growth factor 19 gene expression was upregulated in ileum mucosa, CYP7A1 and Na+ taurocholate cotransporter polypeptide gene expression were downregulated in the liver and organic solute transporters α/β was downregulated in colonic mucosa (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes in the colon of the R group was decreased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, an early FMT with lactation Min sows as faecal donors can alter the small intestine amino acid transport capacity, bile acid circulation, and colonic microbiota of recipient piglets during lactation and after weaning.
The effects of sleep deprivation and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on male reproductive function: a multi‐arm randomised trial
Authors: Alvarenga Tathiana A. , Fernandes Guilherme L. , Bittencourt Lia R. , Tufik Sergio , Andersen Monica Levy 
Published: June 2022

SummarySleep is essential for the maintenance of health and systemic homeostasis. Decreased sleep time and sleep quality have been associated with a wide range of diseases. To evaluate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and total or selective rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on male reproductive function, we performed a three‐arm parallel study with one pre‐defined OSA group and a group of healthy volunteers who were then randomised into total or REM sleep deprivation groups. Questionnaires were completed and overnight polysomnography was undertaken, and blood and sperm samples were collected at the Sleep Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. OSA was diagnosed using questionnaires and polysomnography. Male sexual function was assessed through the questionnaires, blood tests, and semen samples. Data showed an association between OSA and lower circulating levels of total and free testosterone and high‐density lipoproteins, as well as a lower proportion of healthy sperm cells and decreased sperm concentration, in comparison to volunteers. Volunteers subjected to either total or REM sleep deprivation had increased circulating levels of thyroid‐stimulating hormone, insulin, and higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) values. Both sleep‐deprived groups also shown decreased cholesterol, and low‐density lipoproteins when compared to their baseline levels, but had no alterations in their spermograms. We observed a reduction in total testosterone following total sleep deprivation, but no effect after REM sleep deprivation. OSA was associated with a hormonal imbalance, which is probably linked with impaired reproductive function and associated comorbidities, such as sleep fragmentation/loss and obesity.
Mycobacterial serine/threonine phosphatase PstP is phosphoregulated and localized to mediate control of cell wall metabolism
Authors: Shamma Farah , Rego E. Hesper , Boutte Cara C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mycobacterial cell wall is profoundly regulated in response to environmental stresses, and this regulation contributes to antibiotic tolerance. The reversible phosphorylation of different cell wall regulatory proteins is a major mechanism of cell wall regulation. Eleven serine/threonine protein kinases phosphorylate many critical cell wall‐related proteins in mycobacteria. PstP is the sole serine/ threonine phosphatase, but few proteins have been verified as PstP substrates. PstP is itself phosphorylated, but the role of its phosphorylation in regulating its activity has been unclear. In this study, we aim to discover novel substrates of PstP in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We show in vitro that PstP dephosphorylates two regulators of peptidoglycan in Mtb, FhaA, and Wag31. We also show that a phosphomimetic mutation of T137 on PstP negatively regulates its catalytic activity against the cell wall regulators FhaA, Wag31, CwlM, PknB, and PknA, and that the corresponding mutation in Mycobacterium smegmatis causes misregulation of peptidoglycan in vivo. We show that PstP is localized to the septum, which likely restricts its access to certain substrates. These findings on the regulation of PstP provide insight into the control of cell wall metabolism in mycobacteria.
Construing journeys to recovery from psychosis: A qualitative analysis of first‐person accounts
Authors: Green Bob , García‐Mieres Helena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo perform a qualitative analysis of the factors that were construed as salient in facilitating the process of recovery in the narratives of people with psychosis who had their first‐person accounts (FPAs) published in an academic journal.MethodsComputerized textual analysis was undertaken of 156 FPAs written by persons who had experienced psychosis and published in the Schizophrenia Bulletin between 1979 and 2020. Constructs were extracted from the FPAs and coded in terms of Mental health treatment and therapy, Self‐management and Multiple factors; recovery processes (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning and Empowerment), Struggles and Turning points.ResultsPsychosis impacted on individuals in profound and diverse ways. This was reflected in the different pathways to recovery included in the FPAs. Underlying the different pathways was the salience of re‐engagement in the shared reality of others; development of a cohesive and positive self; empowerment through the use of self‐management strategies, and making sense of experience through reconstruing what was meaningful. Personal constructs identified in the FPAs provided insight into both challenges faced and alternative avenues of movement that were perceived as available.ConclusionsProcesses that support individuals re‐engaging with the shared reality of others are central to recovery. Supportive relationships and fostering open dialogue were consistent themes across the different pathways that recovery journeys took. Establishing a meaningful lifestyle and recovering a positive sense of identity were a key challenge following psychosis onset. Appreciation of experiences contained in FPAs has the potential to enhance the effectiveness and humanity of mental health care.
Multi‐omics profiling reveals comprehensive microbe–plant–metabolite regulation patterns for medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch
Authors: Zhong Chaofang , Chen Chaoyun , Gao Xi , Tan Chongyang , Bai Hong , Ning Kang 
Published: June 2022

SummaryGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch is a medicinal plant widely used to treat multiple diseases in Europe and Asia, and its efficacy largely depends on liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid. The regulatory pattern responsible for the difference in efficacy between wild and cultivated G. uralensis remains largely undetermined. Here, we collected roots and rhizosphere soils from wild (WT) G. uralensis as well as those farmed for 1 year (C1) and 3 years (C3), generated metabolite and transcript data for roots, microbiota data for rhizospheres and conducted comprehensive multi‐omics analyses. We updated gene structures for all 40 091 genes in G. uralensis, and based on 52 differentially expressed genes, we charted the route‐map of both liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis, with genes BAS, CYP72A154 and CYP88D6 critical for glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis being significantly expressed higher in wild G. uralensis than in cultivated G. uralensis. Additionally, multi‐omics network analysis identified that Lysobacter was strongly associated with CYP72A154, which was required for glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis. Finally, we developed a holistic multi‐omics regulation model that confirmed the importance of rhizosphere microbial community structure in liquiritin accumulation. This study thoroughly decoded the key regulatory mechanisms of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid, and provided new insights into the interactions of the plant's key metabolites with its transcriptome, rhizosphere microbes and environment, which would guide future cultivation of G. uralensis.
The effects of desiccation and salinity gradients on the PSII photochemical efficiency of an intertidal brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme from Kagoshima, Japan
Authors: Yonemori Yukiko , Kokubu Shogo , Nishihara Gregory N. , Endo Hikaru , Terada Ryuta 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYThe responses of photochemical efficiency to desiccation and salinity gradients in an intertidal edible brown macroalga, Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell (Sargassaceae, Fucales), were determined using a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)‐chlorophyll fluorometer. The effective quantum yields (ΔF/Fm'; = ΦPSII) of photosystem II (PSII) dropped to zero after 360‐min aerial exposure under low irradiance (20 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and 120‐min exposure under high irradiance (700 μmol photons m−2 s−1) for this species at 20°C and 50% relative humidity. Under these conditions, ΔF/Fm' failed to recover to initial levels even after 1‐day rehydration in seawater. In general, ΔF/Fm' decreased as desiccation reduced the absolute water content (AWC, %). Nevertheless, when AWC was above ca. 20%, ΔF/Fm' was mostly restored to initial levels after 1‐day rehydration in seawater, suggesting strong tolerance to dehydration. Furthermore, S. fusiforme appeared to tolerate a broad range of salinity (i.e. 15–50 psu) during six days of culture; however, ΔF/Fm' declined when salinity was <10 and 60 psu. Strong tolerance to dehydration and salinity stress likely provides S. fusiforme an advantage that allows it to flourish in the intertidal habitat.
Electrocortical measures of win and loss processing are associated with mesocorticolimbic functional connectivity: A combined ERP and rs‐fMRI study
Authors: Crane Natania A. , Burkhouse Katie L. , Gorka Stephanie M. , Klumpp Heide , Phan K. Luan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe reward positivity (RewP) event‐related potential is a well‐validated measure of reward processing implicated in internalizing psychopathologies. The RewP is thought to reflect reward reactivity in the mesocorticolimbic system; however, it is not clear how the RewP is related to the functional connectivity of reward‐related brain regions. The current study examined associations between the RewP (Win and Loss residuals) and resting‐state fMRI (rs‐fMRI), among adults with internalizing psychopathology (IP) and healthy controls (HC). All participants (N = 102) completed a validated monetary reward task during electroencephalogram and rs‐fMRI. Regression analyses were conducted with (1) RewP‐Win residual amplitude and striatal seeds (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) and (2) RewP‐Loss residual amplitude and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) seeds. Overall, individuals with greater RewP‐Win residual amplitude demonstrated increased rs‐fMRI connectivity between striatal regions and the medial prefrontal cortex, as well as the parahippocampal gyrus, but decreased connectivity between striatal regions and regions involved in cognitive control and sensorimotor processing. Greater RewP‐Loss residual was related to greater connectivity between the ACC and regions involved in reward/loss processing and motor control, but decreased connectivity between the ACC and regions involved in cognitive control. Relationships between the RewP and rs‐fMRI were generally consistent across IP and HC. However, a few patterns were unique to IP. Results indicate the RewP is associated with resting‐state functional connectivity of reward‐ and loss‐related brain regions, suggesting connectivity of the mesocorticolimbic system may be an important individual difference factor in dimensions of attainment of reward and loss.
Characterizing cardiac autonomic dynamics of fear learning in humans
Authors: Battaglia Simone , Orsolini Stefano , Borgomaneri Sara , Barbieri Riccardo , Diciotti Stefano , di Pellegrino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning remains a critical step to translate basic research into treatment of fear‐related disorders. In humans, it has been demonstrated that fear learning typically elicits transient heart rate deceleration. However, classical analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) fail to disentangle the contribution of parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, and crucially, they are not able to capture phasic changes during fear learning. Here, to gain deeper insight into the physiological underpinnings of fear learning, a novel frequency‐domain analysis of heart rate was performed using a short‐time Fourier transform, and instantaneous spectral estimates extracted from a point‐process modeling algorithm. We tested whether spectral transient components of HRV, used as a noninvasive probe of sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms, can dissociate between fear conditioned and neutral stimuli. We found that learned fear elicited a transient heart rate deceleration in anticipation of noxious stimuli. Crucially, results revealed a significant increase in spectral power in the high frequency band when facing the conditioned stimulus, indicating increased parasympathetic (vagal) activity, which distinguished conditioned and neutral stimuli during fear learning. Our findings provide a proximal measure of the involvement of cardiac vagal dynamics into the psychophysiology of fear learning and extinction, thus offering new insights for the characterization of fear in mental health and illness.
Prediction and Analysis of Sustained Annular Pressure of Gas Wells Considering the Influence of Production System and Liquid Thermodynamic Properties
Authors: Ding Liangliang , Li Shuai , Lian Zhanghua , Cao Lihu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sustained annular pressure seriously affects the safety of wellbores. However, most models take the annulus liquid thermodynamic parameters and tubing pressure as constant values. Therefore, the prediction model of wellbore temperature and pressure field was first established based on the basic theory of heat transfer to provide basic parameters for the follow-up sustained annular pressure calculation. Second, based on fluid mechanics theory, a prediction model of sustained annular pressure was developed considering the influence of tubing pressure fluctuation and thermostatic coupling on the thermodynamic parameters of annulus fluid. Then, the iterative method was used to solve the annular pressure. Combined with the field monitoring data of a high-pressure gas well, the model’s accuracy was verified. Finally, a parameter sensitivity analysis was performed, and annular pressure regulation steps were determined. The obtained results revealed that the developed prediction model met engineering accuracy requirements. In a high-pressure gas well, after repeated cycles of shutting in and opening the well for 19 times, gas column height was equal to the leakage point position. Gas column height, leakage point depth, shut-in well annulus temperature, and liquid density were found to affect the change speed and stable value of the annular pressures of shut-in and open wells. The sensitivities of leakage point depth and shut-in annulus temperature to annular pressure regulation were the highest and lowest, respectively. Research results helped us reasonably and quickly manage and control sustained annular pressure gas wells.
The dynamic floor of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, USA: The last 14 k.y. of hydrothermal explosions, venting, doming, and faulting
Authors: Morgan L.A. , Shanks W.C.P. , Pierce K.L. , Iverson N. , Schiller C.M. , Brown S.R. , Zahajska P. , Cartier R. , Cash R.W. , Best J.L. , Whitlock C. , Fritz S. , Benzel W. , Lowers H. , Lovalvo D.A. , Licciardi J.M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrothermal explosions are significant potential hazards in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. The northern Yellowstone Lake area hosts the three largest hydrothermal explosion craters known on Earth empowered by the highest heat flow values in Yellowstone and active seismicity and deformation. Geological and geochemical studies of eighteen sublacustrine cores provide the first detailed synthesis of the age, sedimentary facies, and origin of multiple hydrothermal explosion deposits. New tephrochronology and radiocarbon results provide a four-dimensional view of recent geologic activity since recession at ca. 15–14.5 ka of the &gt;1-km-thick Pinedale ice sheet.The sedimentary record in Yellowstone Lake contains multiple hydrothermal explosion deposits ranging in age from ca. 13 ka to ~1860 CE. Hydrothermal explosions require a sudden drop in pressure resulting in rapid expansion of high-temperature fluids causing fragmentation, ejection, and crater formation; explosions may be initiated by seismicity, faulting, deformation, or rapid lake-level changes. Fallout and transport of ejecta produces distinct facies of subaqueous hydrothermal explosion deposits. Yellowstone hydrothermal systems are characterized by alkaline-Cl and/or vapor-dominated fluids that, respectively, produce alteration dominated by silica-smectite-chlorite or by kaolinite. Alkaline-Cl liquids flash to steam during hydrothermal explosions, producing much more energetic events than simple vapor expansion in vapor-dominated systems. Two enormous explosion events in Yellowstone Lake were triggered quite differently: Elliott’s Crater explosion resulted from a major seismic event (8 ka) that ruptured an impervious hydrothermal dome, whereas the Mary Bay explosion (13 ka) was triggered by a sudden drop in lake level stimulated by a seismic event, tsunami, and outlet channel erosion.
Nanosized Modification of the Silicon Surface by the Method of Focused Ion Beams
Authors: Kots I. N. , Polyakova V. V. , Morozova Yu. V. , Kolomiytsev A. S. , Klimin V. S. , Ageev O. A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the modes of formation of nanosized structures on the surface of a silicon substrate by the method of focused ion beams (FIB). The regularities of the effect of the ion beam current, accelerating voltage, and radiation dose on the surface morphology of nanoscale structures are determined. The modes under which the effects of implantation swelling (structure height up to 3 nm) and etching (structure depth up to 8 nm) manifest themselves are determined. The average roughness of the resulting structures varies from 0.13 to 0.24 nm. The results can be used in the development of technology for manufacturing instrument structures in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics.
IgA vasculitis with severe renal manifestation
Authors: Marques Dias Joana , Ferreira Marta Azevedo , Grilo Ana , Gonçalves Fernando Martos 
Published: June 2022

IgA vasculitis is a rare systemic vasculitis in adults, frequently more severe than in paediatric age. It manifests with cutaneous, articular, gastrointestinal and renal involvement.We present a case of a man in his 40s diagnosed with IgA vasculitis with cutaneous, joint, gastrointestinal and renal disease. Significant proteinuria and renal biopsy findings demonstrating crescentic glomerulonephritis led to the onset of early immunosuppression with corticoid and cyclophosphamide. This case report reflects a case of more severe renal impairment due to IgA vasculitis with good outcome with the chosen therapy. The findings in the renal biopsy after treatment supported the good response to the chosen immunosuppression.
Why are women still leaving academic medicine? A qualitative study within a London Medical School
Authors: Salem Victoria , Hirani Dhruti , Lloyd Clare , Regan Lesley , Peters Christopher J 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo identify factors that influenced women who chose to leave academic medicine.Design and main outcome measuresIndependent consultants led a focus group of women in medicine who had left academia after completion of their postgraduate research degree at Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcribed conversations.Participants and settingNine women physicians who completed a postgraduate degree (MD or PhD) at a large London Medical School and Academic Health Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, but did not go on to pursue a career in academic medicine.ResultsInfluences to leave clinical academia were summarised under eight themes—career intentions, supervisor support, institutional human resources support, inclusivity, work–life balance, expectations, mentors and role models, and pregnancy and maternity leave.ConclusionThe women in our focus group reported several factors contributing to their decision to leave clinical academia, which included lack of mentoring tailored to specific needs, low levels of acceptance for flexible working to help meet parental responsibilities and perceived explicit gender biases. We summarise the multiple targeted strategies that Imperial College London has implemented to promote retention of women in academic medicine, although more research needs to be done to ascertain the most effective interventions.