bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Performance and Maintenance of Flexible Pavement Using KENLAYER and HDM-4
Authors: Vamsi D. , Harinder D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the performance of flexible pavement using the KENLAYER and Highway Development and Management (HDM-4) software for urban roads. This study includes the study area of four-lane and two-lane roads at Hyderabad city, such as Gandi Maissama to Bachupally (GB), Bachupally to Nizampet (BN), Miyapur to Bachuapally (MB), JNTU to Pragathi Nagar (JP). The distress data like rutting, fatigue, pothole, patches, and edge drop data of each roads section were taken by adopting the manual methods. The pavement deterioration model was selected and developed based on the available distress using both the software KENLAYER and HDM-4. The current study aims to forecast the performance of specific roads in order to calculate the damage ratio. It also provides the design life of the roads as per the current and future traffic based on the distress model. Further, the maintenance of the particular roads is carried out using the HDM-4 models. It is also noticed that major damage was found in Gandi Maissama to Bachupally than the other road section. This study concluded that the comparative study of different roads section and governing factors for distress along with the allowable limits of distress in each section of the flexible pavement were found. Finally, the output of KENLAYER and HDM-4 has been compared.
Comparative study on progressive collapse analysis of RC frame buildings subjected to wind and seismic loads
Authors: Maheshwaram Abhishek , Oggu Praveen , Rao Goriparthi Mallikarjuna , Venu M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Progressive collapse occurs when the local failure of the primary structure leads to an eventual collapse of the structure as the adjoining load-bearing elements fail to transfer the load of the lost column. This analysis checks whether the load transfer from adjoining members upon loss of columns. A 10-storey RC structure of square and circular plan geometry were considered in this study. The buildings were modelled and designed for gravity, wind and earthquake loads as per the guidelines of respective Indian Standards. Further those models were examined for progressive collapse considering different critical column removal scenarios. The DCR results were calculated for the adjacent beams and adjacent columns to check whether the structure elements reach an alternate equilibrium of the load path or not. Out of both the geometry, the circular plan building was showing better performance then square plan building and it is about 10% to 20% better based upon all the analysis and for different loading conditions.
Performance Assessment of RCC Structure Using Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Meghana Reddy E , Srujana N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In general, the performance of the structure under earthquake vibrations is not limited to linear analysis. Linear analysis can be done to identify the preliminary parameters like natural frequency and damping ratio of the structure. To understand the structural behaviour beyond the linear elastic region, non-linear analysis is mandatory. Nonlinear analysis reveals the structural performance under the elasto-plastic state. A large deformation in the plastic region alarms the system sustainability under random motions. The quality of ductility is considered for the ratio of yield strength of the linear system to the maximum strength of the elasto-plastic system. The ductility demand versus response reduction factor of the structure is plotted. Design modifications can be done based on the ductility demands for various response reduction factors. Two structures of uniform and non-uniform varying cross-sections are considered in the study. Modal analysis is performed based on approximate and analytical methods to find the fundamental frequencies of the structures. Both the structures are identified at a linear curve of yielding to the ultimate capacity in the pushover curve. Linear time history analysis is performed to identify the performance point of the structure in the pushover curve. Non-linear dynamic analysis is performed to find the response of the structures using the Newmark method of non-linear time history analysis. The results arrived at the linear response which is validated with the linear time history analysis using ETABS. To have the response decay in the structure, peak strength in the elastoplastic range is assumed as the normalized yield strength factor. Based on the yield strength factors, ductility demand in the structure is identified.
Analysis and Design of Composite Single Span Psc-I Girder Bridge Using Midas Civil
Authors: Jagandatta M , Yaswanth Kumar G , Suresh Kumar S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the ever-increasing sophistication of the population and the usage of vehicles, the number of modern road and bridge construction projects in India is increasing. To facilitate traffic flow, composite bridges are increasingly being implemented on a wide scale for highway building. In addition, new technology and equipment were gradually applied to road and bridge building. But, at the same time, there are several flaws in the structures due to the high technical requirements of bridge building, particularly the composite type of sections. The paper discusses the analysis and design of the Composite Single Span PSC-I Girder Bridge under IRC loadings using MIDAS. The analysis was carried out to get various outputs such as bending moment, shear force, and time-dependent characteristics like creep and shrinkage. At the construction stage, the PSC (prestressed) design of the span is carried out according to IRC standards to get output parameters such as principal stresses for prestressing tendon. The design involves calculation of the section properties, primary and secondary moments, magnitude and location of the prestressing force, profile of the tendons, losses due to prestressing and shear stresses on the section. The structure is designed in accordance with IRC guidelines.
Seismic behavior of existing elevated water tanks resting on different type of foundations
Authors: Kodanda Rama Rao P , Reddy S R K , Swaroop AHL , Nagarjuna K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It has been well recognized that heavy structures built on soft soils, experience significant impact on seismic response, because of considerable foundation movements and hence, the effect of Soil-Structure-Interaction (SSI) can be a major factor while analyzing important structures like; nuclear power plants, elevated water tanks, chimneys, etc. against seismic forces. In general, elevated water tanks that were constructed on different type of soils in seismic regions, prior to the revision of seismic codes, must be checked on behavior and safety of such structures against earthquake loads as per present codes.
In this paper, two similar elevated R.C. circular water tanks, each of 4.0 lakh liters capacity supported by two types of foundations; one with circular ring raft below the columns of tank resting on sandy soils, and the other with circular ring raft supported by piles embedded in black cotton soils, are chosen for carrying out seismic analysis. In the analysis, the water tank is idealized as a system with three degrees of freedom, treating the staging of tank as one spring attached to the mass of the water tank and the soil is treated with two springs; one in horizontal and the other in rocking mode, both attached to the soil mass and the response parameters like; time periods, base shears and displacements are worked out against earthquake loads. Results indicate that, irrespective of type of foundation, the soil play important role on seismic response of elevated water tanks by virtue of their configuration with top heavy mass and slender staging; particularly displacements are found high when they rest on loose soils. According to the new guidelines provided in the revised IS 1893 (Part-1) 2016 code, SSI effect should be considered in seismic analysis when the structure rests on loose or soft soils.
Influence of magnetic filter position on negative ion density in oxygen RF discharge
Authors: Sharma N , Chakraborty M , Mukherjee A , Saha P K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the influence of the position of a magnetic filter on electron temperature and hence on the negative ion density in helicon oxygen discharge is investigated. This study is performed with the view to improve negative ion density in radio frequency (RF) plasma. RF plasma is produced in the source region of Helicon Plasma Source (HeliPS) and the variation of electron temperature, density, and negative ion density in case of oxygen discharge is studied to determine the optimum position of the magnetic filter relative to the position of the antenna where RF power is applied. It is observed that the RF field can penetrate beyond the magnetic filter and cause additional ionization in the expansion chamber and thereby produce high energy electrons and decrease the negative ion density. Therefore, the position of the magnetic filter should be sufficiently away from the location of the antenna as it influences the formation of negative ions.
PathwAX II: network-based pathway analysis with interactive visualization of network crosstalk
Authors: Ogris Christoph , Castresana-Aguirre Miguel , Sonnhammer Erik L L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMotivationPathway annotation tools are indispensable for the interpretation of a wide range of experiments in life sciences. Network-based algorithms have recently been developed which are more sensitive than traditional overlap-based algorithms, but there is still a lack of good online tools for network-based pathway analysis.ResultsWe present PathwAX II—a pathway analysis web tool based on network crosstalk analysis using the BinoX algorithm. It offers several new features compared with the first version, including interactive graphical network visualization of the crosstalk between a query gene set and an enriched pathway, and the addition of Reactome pathways.Availability and implementationPathwAX II is available at http://pathwax.sbc.su.se.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding in the estimation of marginal causal effects
Authors: Ciocănea-Teodorescu I , Gabriel E E , Sjölander A 
Published: March 2022

SummaryOne of the main threats to the validity of causal effect estimates from observational data is the existence of unmeasured confounders. A plethora of methods has been proposed to quantify deviation from conditional exchangeability, which arises when confounding is not properly accounted for, with each method having its own set of limitations and underlying assumptions. Few methods both scale well with the increasing complexity of potential measured confounders and avoid making strong simplifying assumptions about the effect of the unmeasured confounder within strata of the measured confounders. For binary outcomes, we propose a quantification of the deviation from conditional exchangeability, based on standardization within levels of the exposure, which can accommodate any type of measured and unmeasured confounders or desired estimand. In the case of binary exposure, this amounts to varying two parameters across a grid of values, no matter how complex the measured confounding. We propose three methods of estimation for the causal estimand of interest under our proposed sensitivity analysis. This allows for an easily applied, easily interpreted sensitivity analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the type of unmeasured confounding and places no limits on the complexity of the potential measured confounders.
Three heads are better than one: cooperative learning brains wire together when a consensus is reached
Authors: Pan Yafeng , Cheng Xiaojun , Hu Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTheories of human learning converge on the view that individuals working together learn better than do those working independently. Little is known, however, about the neural mechanisms of learning through cooperation. We addressed this research gap by leveraging functional near-infrared spectroscopy to record the brain activity of triad members in a group simultaneously. Triads were instructed to analyze an ancient Chinese poem either cooperatively or independently. Four main findings emerged. First, we observed significant within-group neural synchronization (GNS) in the left superior temporal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus during cooperative learning compared with independent learning. Second, the enhancement of GNS in triads was amplified when a consensus was reached (vs. elaboration or argument) during cooperative learning. Third, GNS was predictive of learning outcome at an early stage (156–170 s after learning was initiated). Fourth, social factors such as social closeness (e.g. how much learners liked one other) were reflected in GNS and co-varied with learning engagement. These results provide neuroscientific support for Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and favor the notion that successful learning through cooperation involves dynamic consensus-building, which is captured in neural patterns shared across learners in a group.
Existence of immunological memory response in true sero-negative individuals post COVID-19 molecular diagnosis
Authors: Lustig Yaniv , Mendelson Ella , Mandelboim Michal , Biber Asaf , Levin Einav G , Cohen Carmit , Regev-Yochay Gili , Schwartz Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Approximately 1-8% of individuals do not develop antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection (sero-negatives). One BNT162b2 dose resulted in potent humoral response in 14 sero-negatives and 15 sero-positives, significantly higher than the response of 15 naïve-individuals, to two doses suggesting that COVID-19 provoked a memory response in individuals without detectable antibodies.
Pharmacokinetics of ß-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine, the Parent Nucleoside of Prodrug Molnupiravir, in Nonplasma Compartments of Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: FitzGerald Richard , Dickinson Laura , Else Laura , Fletcher Thomas , Hale Colin , Amara Alieu , Walker Lauren , Penchala Sujan Dilly , Lyon Rebecca , Shaw Victoria , Greenhalf William , Bullock Katie , Lavelle-Langham Lara , Reynolds Helen , Painter Wendy , Holman Wayne , Ewings Sean , Griffiths Gareth , Khoo Saye 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
ß-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), the parent nucleoside of molnupiravir, a COVID-19 antiviral, was quantified at SARS-CoV-2 transmission sites in 12 patients enrolled in AGILE Candidate-Specific Trial-2. Saliva, nasal, and tear NHC concentrations were 3%, 21%, and 22% that of plasma. Saliva and nasal NHC were significantly correlated with plasma (P &lt; .0001).
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04746183.
Association between Rapid Dementia Screening Test score and clinical events in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Adachi Takuji , Tsunekawa Yuki , Matsuoka Akihito , Tanimura Daisuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Cognitive decline is prevalent among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cognitive measurement has been considered as a standard assessment for secondary prevention; however, standard cognitive tests are sometimes infeasible due to time constraints. This study aimed to examine the association between the Rapid Dementia Screening Test (RDST), a brief screening tool for cognitive function, and clinical events in elderly patients with CVD.

Methods and results
This retrospective cohort study included 140 hospitalized patients with CVD who participated in inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (median age, 75 years; male, 67%). Cognitive function for each patient was assessed using the RDST and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a standard test of mild cognitive impairment. The clinical events assessed as outcomes included all-cause mortality and unplanned rehospitalization. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed similar predictive accuracy for the study outcome (P = 0.337) between the RDST [area under the curve, 0.651; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.559–0.743] and MoCA (0.625; 0.530–0.720). The ROC analysis identified a cut-off value of 9 points for the RDST (sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 50.5%). Patients with RDST ≤9 showed a poor survival rate compared with those with ≥10 points (log-rank test, P = 0.002; hazard ratio, 2.94, 95% CI, 1.46–5.94). This result was consistent even after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion
The RDST was associated with clinical events in elderly patients with CVD and its predictive capability was comparable with that of MoCA, a standard cognitive test. The RDST may be useful in CVD as an alternative screening tool for cognitive decline.
First experience with pulsed field ablation as routine treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Füting Anna , Reinsch Nico , Höwel Dennis , Brokkaar Lenny , Rahe Gilbert , Neven Kars 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) using thermal energy can cause collateral damage. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel non-thermal energy source. Few small clinical studies have been published. We report on the first ‘real-world’ experience with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using PFA for paroxysmal AF (PAF).

Methods and results
Pre- and post-ablation, phrenic nerve function was assessed. After high-density left atrial (LA) bipolar voltage mapping, all PVs were individually isolated using a 13 Fr steerable sheath and a pentaspline PFA over-the-wire catheter. After ablation, bipolar voltage mapping was repeated to assess lesion formation. In 30 PAF patients (mean 63 years; 53% female), uncomplicated PFA was performed, with all PVs acutely isolated. The median procedure time was 116 min. The median PFA catheter LA dwell time was 29 min. The median fluoroscopy time was 26 min. In one patient with roof-dependent flutter, a roof line was intentionally created. In two patients, unintentional bidirectional mitral isthmus block was created. There was no phrenic nerve or oesophageal damage. In one patient, pericardial drainage after cardiac tamponade was performed. In-hospital stay and 30-day follow-up were uneventful. After 90 days, 97% of patients were in sinus rhythm.

Conclusion
PVI using PFA for PAF in a ‘real-world’ setting appears to be safe and feasible in this small patient cohort. Procedure times are homogeneous, and LA dwell time is short. Atrial ablation lines can easily be created. Unintentional ablation of atrial tissue can occur, accurate catheter alignment to the PV ostium and axis should be ensured.
Learning from a codesign exercise aimed at developing a navigation intervention in the general practice setting
Authors: Mistry Sabuj K , Harris Elizabeth , Harris Mark F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to describe and evaluate the codesign of an intervention in general practice setting to help address navigation problems faced by the patients from the culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) community in Australia.

Methods
An experience-based codesign (EBCD) methodology was adopted using the Double Diamond design process. Two codesign workshops were conducted online with 13 participants including patients, their caregivers, health service providers, researchers, and other stakeholders. Workshops were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.

Results
The codesign participants identified several navigation problems among CALD patients such as inadequate health literacy, cultural and language barriers, and difficulties with navigating health and social services. They believed that bilingual community navigators (BCNs; lay health workers from the same language or cultural background) could help them address these problems. However, this depended on BCNs being trained and supervised, with a clear role definition and manageable workloads, and not used as an interpreter. In undertaking the codesign process, we found that pre-workshop consultations were useful to ensure engagement, especially for consumers who participated more actively in group activities with service providers after these and their own separate small group discussions during the workshop.

Conclusion
Overall, participants identified that BCNs could offer help in addressing the problems faced by the CALD patients in accessing care in general practice setting. The codesign process provided new insights into the navigation problems faced by CALD patients in accessing care and collaboratively developed a strategy for further testing and evaluation.
Qualitative analysis of health literacy: exploring a Kenyan community’s response to childhood illness
Authors: Robbertz Abigail S , Kim Sae-Jin , Musyimi Christine , Tuikong Sylvia , Shanley Jenelle , Mutiso Victoria , Hucks Olivia , Ndetei David , Armistead Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Parents are the first-line healthcare providers for their children and, thus, need to identify and treat symptoms, including knowing whether and how to seek treatment from healthcare professionals. In addition to the tangible resources necessary to address childhood illness, parents’ health literacy skills impact their treatment decisions. The current study considered data gathered through focus groups (N = 9 groups) and key informant interviews (N = 13) to explore approaches to childhood illness and their implications for health literacy among Kenyan parents of young children (birth to age 5). Participants included parents, community health workers and community leaders (e.g. village elders) from the Kibera community in Kenya. Themes, resulting from the qualitative data analysis, were mapped onto the Research Triangle Institute’s Health Literacy Skills Framework. Participants were well able to identify health risks, often turned to family and neighbors for medical advice, and relied on a range of resources to treat and prevent illnesses in their children. This range included reliance on traditional healers and religious leaders. Balancing cultural and medical viewpoints will be important considerations for interventions focused on supporting Kenyan parents’ health literacy and skills to recognize and intervene when their children are sick.
Constitutional civil–military dynamics in Southeast Asia
Authors: Teo Marcus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Thailand, Indonesia, and Myanmar, the military’s participation in politics and governance remains commonplace. These militaries occupy bureaucracies, manage elections, and occasionally even oust governments. Yet, these militaries are not rulers with iron fists: they never fail to adopt or participate in the drafting of constitutions, and constantly appeal to political actors embodying non-democratic notions of legitimate rule for support. So why do these militaries do so, and how do those constitutions affect their participation in politics thereafter? This article explores the relationship between militaries, legitimate rulers, and constitutions in Southeast Asia. It finds that constitutions are adopted to formalize political bargains between militaries and legitimate rulers, and that those constitutions then shape the militaries’ role in politics according to their provisions until political circumstances fundamentally change. The constitutional civil–military dynamic identified herein complements existing accounts in civil–military relations and comparative constitutional scholarship, by showing how constitutions can affect the militaries’ political role in non-democratic regimes.