bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equivalent widths of Lyman α emitters in MUSE-Wide and MUSE-Deep
Authors: Kerutt J. , Wisotzki L. , Verhamme A. , Schmidt K. B. , Leclercq F. , Herenz E. C. , Urrutia T. , Garel T. , Hashimoto T. , Maseda M. , Matthee J. , Kusakabe H. , Schaye J. , Richard J. , Guiderdoni B. , Mauerhofer V. , Nanayakkara T. , Vitte E. 
Published: January 2022

Context. The hydrogen Lyman α line is often the only measurable feature in optical spectra of high-redshift galaxies. Its shape and strength are influenced by radiative transfer processes and the properties of the underlying stellar population. High equivalent widths of several hundred Å are especially hard to explain by models and could point towards unusual stellar populations, for example with low metallicities, young stellar ages, and a top-heavy initial mass function. Other aspects influencing equivalent widths are the morphology of the galaxy and its gas properties.
Aims. The aim of this study is to better understand the connection between the Lyman α rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) and spectral properties as well as ultraviolet (UV) continuum morphology by obtaining reliable EW0 histograms for a statistical sample of galaxies and by assessing the fraction of objects with large equivalent widths.
Methods. We used integral field spectroscopy from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) combined with broad-band data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to measure EW0. We analysed the emission lines of 1920 Lyman α emitters (LAEs) detected in the full MUSE-Wide (one hour exposure time) and MUSE-Deep (ten hour exposure time) surveys and found UV continuum counterparts in archival HST data. We fitted the UV continuum photometric images using the Galfit software to gain morphological information on the rest-UV emission and fitted the spectra obtained from MUSE to determine the double peak fraction, asymmetry, full-width at half maximum, and flux of the Lyman α line.
Results. The two surveys show different histograms of Lyman α EW0. In MUSE-Wide, 20% of objects have EW0 > 240 Å, while this fraction is only 11% in MUSE-Deep and ≈16% for the full sample. This includes objects without HST continuum counterparts (one-third of our sample), for which we give lower limits for EW0. The object with the highest securely measured EW0 has EW0 = 589 ± 193 Å (the highest lower limit being EW0 = 4464 Å). We investigate the connection between EW0 and Lyman α spectral or UV continuum morphological properties.
Conclusions. The survey depth has to be taken into account when studying EW0 distributions. We find that in general, high EW0 objects can have a wide range of spectral and UV morphological properties, which might reflect that the underlying causes for high EW0 values are equally varied.
Accretion variability from minute to decade timescales in the classical T Tauri star CR Cha
Authors: Zsidi G. , Manara C. F. , Kóspál Á. , Hussain G. A. J. , Ábrahám P. , Alecian E. , Bódi A. , Pál A. , Sarkis P. 
Published: January 2022

Context. Classical T Tauri stars are pre-main-sequence stars that are surrounded by a circumstellar disk from which they accrete material. The mass accretion process is essential in the formation of Sun-like stars. Although often described with simple and static models, the accretion process is inherently time variable.
Aims. We examine the accretion process of the low-mass young stellar object CR Cha on a wide range of timescales from minutes to a decade by analyzing both photometric and spectroscopic observations from 2006, 2018, and 2019.
Methods. We carried out a period analysis of the light curves of CR Cha from the TESS mission and the ASAS-SN and the ASAS-3 databases. We studied the color variations of the system using I, J, H, K-band photometry obtained contemporaneously with the TESS observing window. We analyzed the amplitude, timescale, and the morphology of the accretion tracers found in a series of high-resolution spectra obtained in 2006 with the AAT/UCLES, in 2018 with the HARPS, and in 2019 with the ESPRESSO and the FEROS spectrographs.
Results. All photometric data reveal periodic variations compatible with a 2.327-day rotational period. In addition, the ASAS-SN and ASAS-3 data indicate a long-term brightening by 0.2 mag between 2001 and 2008, and a slightly lower brightening than 0.1 mag in the 2015–2018 period. The near-infrared photometry indicates a short-term brightening trend during the observations in 2019. The corresponding color variations can be explained either by a changing accretion rate or changes in the inner disk structure. The Hα line profile variability suggests that the amplitude variations of the central peak, likely due to accretion, are most significant on daily or hourly timescales. On yearly timescales, the line morphology also changes significantly.
Conclusions. The photometric variability shows that the period of about 2.3 days is stable in the system over decades. Our results show that the amplitude of the variations in the Hα emission increases on timescales from hours to days or weeks, after which it remains similar even at decadal timescales. On the other hand, we found significant morphological variations on yearly or decadal timescales, indicating that the different physical mechanisms responsible for the line profile changes, such as accretion or wind, are present to varying degrees at different times.
Three-dimensional analyses of an aspherical coronal mass ejection and its driven shock
Authors: Ying Beili , Feng Li , Inhester Bernd , Mierla Marilena , Gan Weiqun , Lu Lei , Li Shuting 
Published: January 2022

Context. Observations reveal that shocks can be driven by fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and play essential roles in particle accelerations. A critical ratio, δ, derived from a shock standoff distance normalized by the radius of curvature (ROC) of a CME, allows us to estimate shock and ambient coronal parameters. However, true ROCs of CMEs are difficult to measure due to observed projection effects.
Aims. We investigate the formation mechanism of a shock driven by an aspherical CME without evident lateral expansion. Through three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions without a priori assumptions of the object morphology, we estimate the two principal ROCs of the CME surface and demonstrate how the difference between the two principal ROCs of the CME affects the estimate of the coronal physical parameters.
Methods. The CME was observed by the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation instruments and the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph. We used the mask-fitting method to obtain the irregular 3D shape of the CME and reconstructed the shock surface using the bow-shock model. Through smoothings with fifth-order polynomial functions and Monte Carlo simulations, we calculated the ROCs at the CME nose.
Results. We find that (1) the maximal ROC is two to four times the minimal ROC of the CME. A significant difference between the CME ROCs implies that the assumption of one ROC of an aspherical CME could cause overestimations or underestimations of the shock and coronal parameters. (2) The shock nose obeys the bow-shock formation mechanism, considering the constant standoff distance and the similar speed between the shock and CME around the nose. (3) With a more precise δ calculated via 3D ROCs in space, we derive corona parameters at high latitudes of about −50°, including the Alfvén speed and the coronal magnetic field strength.
Angeborene Fehlbildungen der Lunge – eine Übersicht
Authors: Ohm Birte , Jungraithmayr Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungKongenitale pulmonale Malformationen stellen eine heterogene Gruppe seltener
Erkrankungen dar, die auf Fehlentwicklungen während der embryonalen und fetalen
Wachstumsphase basieren. Zu ihnen gehören der Trachealbronchus, die bronchiale
Atresie, die bronchogene Zyste, die Lungensequestration, das kongenitale lobäre
Emphysem sowie die sogenannte Congenital pulmonary Airway Malformation. Eines
der Leitsymptome dieser Malformationen ist die durch ihren verdrängenden Effekt
bedingte postnatale respiratorische Insuffizienz, welche eine rasche operative
Versorgung erfordert. Auch bei asymptomatischen Malformationen wird aufgrund des
erhöhten Infektrisikos die Resektion empfohlen.In der folgenden Übersicht wird auf die Ursachen, das klinische Bild und die
therapeutischen Optionen dieser angeborenen Fehlbildungen der Lunge und des
Bronchialsystems eingegangen.
New Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa F03, a Fungal Endophyte Isolated from Paepalanthus planifolius
Authors: de Amorim Marcelo R. , Paz Tiago A. , Pinto Luciano da S. , Hilário Felipe , Zanini Camila L. , Aguiar Anna Caroline C. , Silva Débora E. S. , Furlan Maysa , Guido Rafael V. C. , Bauab Taís M. , Netto Adelino V. de G. , dos Santos Lourdes C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs part of our continuing efforts to discover new bioactive compounds from endophytic fungal sources, we have investigated the extract of the Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa F03 strain. The study led to the isolation of four new 3-methyl-isoquinoline alkaloids (1 – 4) and four known polyketides (5 – 8). The structures of compounds 1 – 4 were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and HRMS analysis. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by comparison of its experimental electronic circular dichroism spectrum with calculated data. Compounds 1 – 4 exhibited antifungal activity with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 6.25 – 50 µg/mL against six Candida species but they did not present any cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell lines A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast), and HepG2 (hepatocellular). In addition, compound 4 exhibited antiplasmodial activity in the low
micromolar range (IC50 = 4 µM).
From reductive to generative crisis: businesspeople using polysemous justifications to make sense of COVID-19
Authors: Sendroiu Ioana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBoth lay understandings of crisis moments and influential psychological models of cognition in times of uncertainty emphasize how crises limit thinking. Conversely, scholars as diverse as Foucault, Swidler, Bourdieu, and Butler have elaborated generative conceptions of crisis, which specify crises as moments of change, transformation, and heightened cognition. The research presented here takes up the question of how crises become thinkable, as actors gradually make sense of a newly uncertain context. Against a backdrop of polarization on the topic, in-depth interviews with 60 businesspeople navigating the coronavirus pandemic show that they see public health and economic well-being as interrelated. This has important effects on how businesses interpret and implement government directives and public health guidelines, from choosing to close before being mandated to do so, to staying closed even when allowed to reopen. Taken together, these findings substantiate generative models of crisis while drawing attention to the polysemous justifications elaborated by actors as they navigate shifting cultural and social scaffoldings.
A new simplified virial equation of state for high temperature and high pressure gas
Authors: Peng Yue , Long Xinping 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, in order to accurately describe the high temperature and high pressure state of gas under detonation conditions, a new simplified form of the virial equation of state (EOS)—the Virial–Peng–Long (VPL) EOS—is proposed based on the theoretical calculation results of dimensionless virial coefficients based on the Lennard-Jones 6-12 (LJ 6-12) molecular potential. In this EOS, the virial coefficients of the third to the fifth order are expressed in the form of an empirical fitting formula. In order to more accurately describe the PVT state of gas at higher temperature than the Virial–Han–Long (VHL) EOS, we theoretically calculate the fourth-order dimensionless virial coefficient in a higher temperature range and apply it to the fourth-order term of the equation, and the fifth-order term of the equation is based on the theoretical calculation results by Kofke in the higher temperature range. Then, in order to verify and evaluate the accuracy of the VPL EOS in describing the PVT state of high temperature and high pressure gas, we refer to relevant molecular dynamics PVT data and NIST database PVT data of methane in the range of P = 0.028 19–187.2648 GPa and T = 623.7–4369.3 K, oxygen in the range of P = 0.01–111.4876 GPa and T = 519.9–4066.8 K, and nitrogen in the range of P = 0.1–2.2 GPa and T = 700–2000 K. The PVT data were calculated by the VPL EOS and compared with the reference values and the calculated values of the Virial Wu (VLW) EOS and VHL EOS. The mean absolute percentage deviation of the calculated values of the VPL EOS is less than 2.0%, which is better than that of the VLW EOS and VHL EOS.
Imaging of transient phenomena with low coherence lasers comprising arrays of independent microbeams: A laser version of Harold Edgerton’s stroboscope
Authors: Steinforth Austin W. , Rivera José A. , Eden J. Gary 
Published: January 2022

A longstanding barrier to laser imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution is speckle, the granular interference pattern arising from the coherent interaction of laser radiation with the topography of an illuminated surface. Over the past five decades, scores of mechanical and optical approaches to mitigating or eliminating the impact of speckle have been proposed, including dynamic diffusers, degenerate optical cavities, and random lasers. We describe a laser resonator architecture that allows the spatial coherence and the associated speckle contrast ratio (C) of the laser output to be varied continuously while providing the power necessary for optical imaging of dynamic objects and phenomena with sub-10 ns resolution. Stabilization of a Fabry–Pérot optical cavity with an internal array of microlenses generates thousands of mutually incoherent, parallel microlaser beams, which merge in the far field to form a single beam having a near-Gaussian transverse intensity distribution. For this laser illuminator, C scales as 1/N, where N is the number of microlasers in the array. When Ti:Al2O3 serves as the gain medium, composite beams comprising N &gt; 1000 microbeams are generated with a divergence angle of ∼5 mrad and C &lt; 0.03 for single pulse energies of 8 mJ (∼1 MW peak power). To illustrate the capability of this tunable spatial-coherence laser, images of Drosophila melanogaster in flight and turbomolecular pump vanes rotating at 56 000 rpm are presented. Owing to the brightness and pulse energies available with this laser, imaging a target at a distance of 5 m through dense fog with ∼250 μm resolution has been demonstrated.
Tuning protein half-life in mouse using sequence-defined biopolymers functionalized with lipids
Authors: Vanderschuren Koen , Arranz-Gibert Pol , Khang Minsoo , Hadar Dagan , Gaudin Alice , Yang Fan , Folta-Stogniew Ewa , Saltzman W. Mark , Amiram Miriam , Isaacs Farren J. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Functionalization of proteins and biopolymers with chemical modifications can be utilized to alter their chemical and biophysical properties. In contrast to traditional chemical functionalization strategies, the use of nonstandard amino acids enables precise positioning of functional groups. Here, we report that multisite conjugation of fatty acids, at precise sites harboring genetically encoded nonstandard amino acids with bioorthogonal chemical handles, can be employed to tune the half-life of proteins in a mouse model. This programmable approach could offer a technical foundation for the modification of protein and peptide therapeutics to improve their efficacy or pharmacokinetic profile (e.g., to prevent rapid clearance and reduce frequency of administration).
The psychology of separation: Border walls, soft power, and international neighborliness
Authors: Mutz Diana C. , Simmons Beth A. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Studies to date have focused on the impact of border walls on national security, transborder crime, and the environment. This study addresses how border walls affect the way a country is viewed by the citizens of other countries, all else being equal. Using an experimental design that is replicated in the United States, Ireland, and Turkey, we find that the presence of walls on borders harms countries’ international image. This is especially true if the country is known to have been the builder of the wall. Walls also lower evaluations of the bordering countries’ bilateral relationship. Although the presence of a wall increases perceptions of a country’s border security, paradoxically it lowers the perceived security of people within the country.
The flagellar motor protein FliL forms a scaffold of circumferentially positioned rings required for stator activation
Authors: Tachiyama Schoichi , Chan Kar L. , Liu Xiaolin , Hathroubi Skander , Li Wenwei , Peterson Briana , Khan Mohammad F. , Ottemann Karen M. , Liu Jun , Roujeinikova Anna 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Bacteria have evolved appendages called flagella that are spun by an ingenious rotary motor that harnesses electrochemical energy to power rotation. To uncover and understand nature's blueprint of this nanoscale engine, an integrative structural biology approach is required. We used a combination of mutagenesis, cryogenic electron tomography, and crystallography to reveal the architecture of a circle of rings scaffold that likely serves to organize and stabilize individual power-generating units of the flagellar motor in their active form. The knowledge about the structure–function relationships within the bacterial flagella motor is a source of inspiration for nanotechnology and can be one of the first steps toward making artificial motors on the same scale or controlling motility for medical applications.
Molecular basis of differential receptor usage for naturally occurring CD55-binding and -nonbinding coxsackievirus B3 strains
Authors: Wang Qingling , Yang Qian , Liu Congcong , Wang Guoqing , Song Hao , Shang Guijun , Peng Ruchao , Qu Xiao , Liu Sheng , Cui Yingzi , Wang Peiyi , Xu Wenbo , Zhao Xin , Qi Jianxun , Yang Mengsu , Gao George F. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Receptor usage can affect cell tropism and viral pathogenicity. CVB causes viral-induced heart disease, aseptic meningitis, and many other severe diseases globally that can engage CAR in host cells and selectively utilizes CD55 to infect them. However, the mechanism of CVB differential receptor usage and its dynamic entry into cells remains poorly understood. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of VP3-234 residues as critical population selection determinants influencing CD55 affinity/specificity for naturally occurring CVB3 strains. Moreover, the demonstration that CAR facilitates viral uncoating with strain-dependent pH preferences suggests that the entry and infection of different enterovirus strains vary with the extent of pH dependence. Altogether, these findings expand our understanding of nonenveloped virus infections and provide clues for therapeutic interventions.
Development and quantitative analysis of a biosensor based on the Arabidopsis SWEET1 sugar transporter
Authors: Park Jihyun , Chavez Taylor M. , Guistwhite Jordan A. , Gwon Sojeong , Frommer Wolf B. , Cheung Lily S. 
Published: January 2022

Significance
Transporters are the gatekeepers of the cell. Transporters facilitate the exchange of ions and metabolites between cellular and subcellular compartments, thus controlling processes from bacterial chemotaxis to the release of neurotransmitters. In plants, transporters have key roles in the allocation of carbon to nonphotosynthetic organs. Biosensors derived from transporters have been generated to monitor the activity of these proteins within the complex environment of the cell. However, a quantitative framework that reconciles molecular and cellular-level events to help interpret the response of biosensors is still lacking. Here, we created a sugar transporter biosensor and formulated a mathematical model to explain its response. These types of models can help realize multiscale, dynamic simulations of metabolite allocation to guide crop improvement.
Reframing the Islamic glossary in the English translations of the Arabic editorials
Authors: Hijjo Nael F. M. , Lesch Harold M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper investigated contemporary journalistic English translations of Arabic Islamic terms and concepts in light of the current civil wars in the Middle East and North Africa, and the war on terror as well as Islamophobia and the refugee crisis. It studied the critical role of translation agencies in reframing and renegotiating the Islamic glossary through their own lens, which may be ideologically positioned. The paper further examined the English translations of the Arabic Islamic terms and concepts in the target texts which were published by the Washington-based advocacy group the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI). The data were collected manually from MEMRI’s online archive from the years 2013 to 2016. The data selection was based on a designed search that linked Daesh (ISIS) and any of its aliases with any of the Islamic terms and concepts which are repeatedly used in media narratives within the context of the ‘war on terror’ and ‘Islamic extremism’. The study employed Baker’s (2006) narrative-informed theory and Newmark’s (1988) translation procedures taxonomy to assist in the data analysis. The findings suggested that transference (transliteration) is a significant procedure used by MEMRI in justifying, legitimizing and normalizing particular narratives to the public and that translators are decisive participants in constituting and informing the social and political reality. The findings also demonstrated that narrativity features, relationality in particular, are significant tools in reconstructing reality in translation. Through translation, MEMRI draws upon the metanarrative of the ‘war on terror’ in promoting its ideologically laden agenda of terrorist Arabs and Muslims.
The dominance of English
Authors: Šveda Pavol , Djovčoš Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The unprecedented spread of English and its growing dominance in the translation and interpreting industry have implications on the market behaviour of translators and interpreters depending on the combination of their working languages. This paper investigates the extent to which market signals (e.g. average rates and workloads) can be reflected in the motivation of students to enter the translation profession in respect to the combination of their working languages and the inclusion of English within that combination. Two surveys were used to obtain data for our analysis: one focused on the market behaviour of professional translators, whereas the other assessed the plans and motivations of T&I students at the end of their studies. Respondents in both surveys were divided according to the role of English in their language combination. As this paper demonstrates, professionals working only with English (or with English and at least one other foreign language) had a better position in the market in terms of overall workload. These groups of professionals also had a more positive outlook in terms of demand for their services. On the contrary, professionals working with languages other than English had a lower workload and a more pessimistic outlook in terms of demand for their services. As our data suggest, students in the same category of working language combinations (without English) were more hesitant to pursue a career in the industry. Our findings underline a degree of sensitivity among students to market signals depending on the combination of their working languages. Importantly, they present relevant information for T&I programme administrators and university management when designing curricula and planning future study programmes.