bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Gureje Oye 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inhabited by over 85% of the world’s population, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) consist of countries with diverse social, cultural, linguistic, and racial profiles. Nevertheless, they share a commonality of being, compared to high-income countries, economically less resourced. Many of these countries are also undergoing rapid social transitions characterized by epidemiological shifts, rapid urbanization, and a reorganization of family and community structures. Along with global climate change, some of these changes are associated with increasing poverty, armed conflicts, and forced migration, especially of young people. These features have major impacts on the mental health of populations. Globally, about 80% of all people living with a mental health disorder reside in LMICs. While the features and profiles of mental disorders among the populations of LMICs are broadly similar to those of populations in high-income countries, the treatment gap that exists for these disorders is far larger in LMICs as a consequence of resource constraints. Innovative ways that attend to the social determinants of health by drawing on traditional and cultural networks and leveraging on the burgeoning growth of modern technology hold the promise of addressing the expanding need for mental health services.
Training in social psychiatry
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Ayub Shahana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile the theories of social psychiatry are far from new, psychiatry in general has evolved far beyond the narrow lens of the topic first proposed by early proponents of the field. These early negative attitudes often led to the institutionalization of people with mental illnesses and a loss of basic human rights. After largely recovering from those stigmas, the closure of asylums and a move towards community psychiatry have involved the science of social psychiatry with the advent of medications. Therefore, further integration of the biopsychosocial model of mental illness into research and clinical practice has emerged across communities and has led to advancing the everyday practice of modern psychiatry by collaborating across biological and social paradigms into clinical practice. While a few early initiatives have involved the training of psychiatric residents in this field, to date a holistic approach involving the educational requirements necessary to be competent in social psychiatry has not been thoroughly explored. In this chapter, the practice of social psychiatry is placed in historical context before a proposal of which areas of community psychiatry and cultural psychiatry are needed for a successful core curriculum in medical schools and psychiatric residency programmes that will advance this field of study for the psychiatrists of the future.
Reduction in Risk of Death Among Patients Admitted With COVID-19 Between the First and Second Epidemic Waves in New York City
Authors: Bowen Anthony , Zucker Jason , Shen Yanhan , Huang Simian , Yan Qiheng , Annavajhala Medini K , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Kuhn Louise , Sobieszczyk Magdalena , Castor Delivette 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Many regions have experienced successive epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with heterogeneous differences in mortality. Elucidating factors differentially associated with mortality between epidemic waves may inform clinical and public health strategies.

Methods
We examined clinical and demographic data among patients admitted with COVID-19 during the first (March–August 2020) and second (August 2020–March 2021) epidemic waves at an academic medical center in New York City.

Results
Hospitalized patients (n = 4631) had lower overall and 30-day in-hospital mortality, defined as death or discharge to hospice, during the second wave (14% and 11%) than the first (22% and 21%). The wave 2 in-hospital mortality decrease persisted after adjusting for several potential confounders. Adjusting for the volume of COVID-19 admissions, a measure of health system strain, accounted for the mortality difference between waves. Several demographic and clinical patient factors were associated with an increased risk of mortality independent of wave: SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold, do-not-intubate status, oxygen requirement, and intensive care unit admission.

Conclusions
This work suggests that the increased in-hospital mortality rates observed during the first epidemic wave were partly due to strain on hospital resources. Preparations for future epidemics should prioritize evidence-based patient risks, treatment paradigms, and approaches to augment hospital capacity.
Unusual and Severe Complications of Acute Schistosomiasis in Travelers
Authors: Biber Asaf , Petersil Neta , Naaman Efrat , Neuberger Ami , Schwartz Eli 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acute schistosomiasis (ASC) is a hypersensitivity reaction seen mostly in nonimmune travelers and manifests mainly with fever, urticaria, and respiratory symptoms. We describe unusual severe presentations of ASC in 3 patients, including hip-monoarthritis, peri-myocarditis, and optic neuritis. In all 3 patients, clinical symptoms appeared or worsened after praziquantel administration.
Extending weeknight sleep of delayed adolescents using weekend morning bright light and evening time management
Authors: Crowley Stephanie J , Velez Sabrina L , Killen Logan G , Cvengros Jamie A , Fogg Louis F , Eastman Charmane I 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Shift sleep onset earlier and extend school-night sleep duration of adolescents.

Methods
Forty-six adolescents (14.5–17.9 years; 24 females) with habitual short sleep (≤7 h) and late bedtimes (≥23:00) on school nights slept as usual for 2 weeks (baseline). Then, there were three weekends and two sets of five weekdays in between. Circadian phase (Dim Light Melatonin Onset, DLMO) was measured in the laboratory on the first and third weekend. On weekdays, the “Intervention” group gradually advanced school-night bedtime (1 h earlier than baseline during week 1; 2 h earlier than baseline during week 2). Individualized evening time management plans (“Sleep RouTeen”) were developed to facilitate earlier bedtimes. On the second weekend, Intervention participants received bright light (~6000 lux; 2.5 h) on both mornings. A control group completed the first and third weekend but not the second. They slept as usual and had no evening time management plan. Weekday sleep onset time and duration were derived from actigraphy.

Results
Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) advanced more in the Intervention (0.6 ± 0.8 h) compared to the Control (−0.1 ± 0.8 h) group. By week 2, the Intervention group fell asleep 1.5 ± 0.7 h earlier and sleep duration increased by 1.2 ± 0.7 h; sleep did not systematically change in the Control group.

Conclusions
This multi-pronged circadian-based intervention effectively increased school-night sleep duration for adolescents reporting chronic sleep restriction. Adolescents with early circadian phases may only need a time management plan, whereas those with later phases probably need both time management and morning bright light.

Clinical Trials
Teen School-Night Sleep Extension: An Intervention Targeting the Circadian System (#NCT04087603): https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04087603
The development of the Religious Health Interventions in Behavioural Science (RHIBS) Taxonomy: a scientific classification of religious practices in health
Authors: Patel Riya , Jong Jonathan , Worthington Everett L , Lycett Deborah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The development and delivery of religiously integrated health interventions is increasing, however lack of nomenclature to specify the religious components presents barriers to replication, implementation, and evidence synthesis. We describe the development of the “Religious Health Interventions in Behavioural Sciences (RHIBS)” Taxonomy, the first scientific classification of religious intervention components to be used globally by chaplains, healthcare providers, and researchers interested in the scientific study of religion, spirituality, and health. We developed a taxonomy of empirically used religious intervention components in health, sought international cross-disciplinary consensus for definitions and tested its usability. Study 1: systematic review of intervention studies to identify religious components tested within healthcare; development of taxonomy nomenclature, definitions, and categories. Study 2: Delphi exercise with 19 international, cross-disciplinary experts from a variety of religions. Study 3: “think aloud” study and usability testing with 10 end-users. Study 1: 12,337 papers identified from search, 167 intervention studies included, plus an additional 74 from hand-searching 14 systematic reviews. A taxonomy of 191 religious components, grouped into 27 categories resulted. Study 2: two Delphi rounds resulted in international and cross-disciplinary consensus of a revised taxonomy of 81 religious components grouped into 23 categories. Study 3: usability testing by participants (range of disciplines, geography, and religions) led to a final taxonomy comprising 82 religious components grouped into 22 categories and supported by online training. The “RHIBS Taxonomy,” is the first multidisciplinary, global shared language within religion, spirituality, and health, ushering in a new era for religious interventions to be precisely defined, developed, and tested; shaping the evidence-base for future healthcare research/practice.
Galectin‐1 deletion in mice causes bone loss via impaired osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs
Authors: Chen Yu , Liu Yanbin , Zhang Yangyang , Yu Jiangming , Tang Liang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBone formation is dependent on the osteoblasts which are differentiated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In addition to potent proliferation, self‐renewal, and pluripotent differentiation, BMSCs have been extensively studied due to their low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effects. Recently, galectin‐1 (Gal‐1) has been proposed as a potent mediator of immunomodulatory properties of BMSCs. Previous study demonstrated that Gal‐1 showed age‐related decline in mice serum and serum Gal‐1 was positively associated with bone mass in mice. The current study makes attempts to elucidate the functional role of Gal‐1 in skeletal system by investigating the regulation of Gal‐1 expression during BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Gal‐1 on BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In Gal‐1 null (−/−) mice, bone loss was observed due to bone formation attenuation. In in vitro experiments, Gal‐1 supported the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by binding to CD146 to activate Lrp5 expression and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, there was positive feedback regulation via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling to maintain Gal‐1 high‐level expression during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. More importantly, Gal‐1 down‐regulation in BMSCs and attenuation of osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs were observed in aged mice compared with young mice. Gal‐1 over‐expression could enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of aged BMSCs. Our study will benefit not only for deeper insights into the functional role of Gal‐1 but also for finding new targets to modulate BMSCs osteogenic differentiation.
Meeting the complex healthcare needs of veterans
Authors: Zychowicz Michael E. , Jeter Ertha , Koerper Emma C. , Naimoli Vanessa M. , Reynolds Annie M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
More than half of US veterans seek care outside of the Veterans Health Administration. Physical and mental healthcare needs can be complicated by experiences during military service. Community clinicians can deliver more holistic and comprehensive care to veterans through understanding the unique needs of the veteran population.
Reducing nurse burnout when caring for patients with substance use disorder
Authors: Ward Cynthia W. , Mitchell Tammy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Caring for patients with substance use disorder (SUD) can be challenging. Lack of knowledge of SUD treatment may add to nurses' feelings of burnout and intent to leave the workplace. This article describes a novel program for patients with SUD admitted for long-term antibiotic treatment and its impact on the nurses' work environment, particularly burnout.
Blood, Cellular, and Tissular Calcineurin Inhibitors Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship in Heart Transplant Recipients: The INTRACAR Study
Authors: Coste Gwendal , Chabanne Céline , Tron Camille , Lelong Bernard , Verdier Marie-Clémence , Roussel Mikael , Le Gall François , Turlin Bruno , Desille-Dugast Mireille , Flécher Erwan , Laviolle Bruno , Lemaitre Florian 
Published: August 2022

Background:
After heart transplantation, calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) (cyclosporin A and tacrolimus) are key immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft rejection. Whole-blood concentration (Cblood)-guided therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is systematically performed to improve graft outcomes. However, some patients will still experience graft rejection and/or adverse events despite CNI Cblood within the therapeutic range. Other pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the intragraft, or intracellular concentration at the CNI site of action could refine their TDM. Nonetheless, these remain to be explored. The objective of the INTRACAR study was to describe the relationship between whole blood, intragraft, and intracellular CNI concentrations as well as their efficacy in heart transplant recipients (HTR).

Methods:
In a cohort of HTR, protocol endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) were collected to assess rejection by anatomopathological analysis. Part of the EMB was used to measure the intragraft concentrations of CNI (CEMB). Cblood and the concentration inside peripheral blood mononuclear cells, (CPBMC), a cellular fraction enriched with lymphocytes, were also monitored. Concentrations in the 3 matrices were compared between patients with and without biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR).

Results:
Thirty-four HTR were included, representing nearly 100 pharmacokinetic (PK) samples for each CNI. Cblood, CEMB, and CPBMC correlated for both CNI. BPAR was observed in 74 biopsies (39.6%) from 26 patients (76.5%), all except one was of low grade. None of the PK parameters (Cblood, CEMB, CPBMC, CEMB/blood, and CPBMC/blood) was associated with BPAR.

Conclusions:
In this cohort of well-immunosuppressed patients, no association was observed for any of the PK parameters, including Cblood, with the occurrence of BPAR. However, a trend was noticed for the CEMB and CEMB/blood of cyclosporin A. Further studies in higher-risk patients may help optimize the use of CEMB and CPBMC for CNI TDM in HTR.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Software Program, SAKURA-TDM, for Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve–Guided Vancomycin Dosing: A Short Communication
Authors: Horita Yasuhiro , Asaoka Minami , Iida Moeko , Kato Hideki , Wachino Chiharu , Mitamura Kana , Ohashi Kazuki , Mimura Yoshihisa , Hotta Yuji , Kataoka Tomoya , Nakamura Atsushi , Kimura Kazunori 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)–guided dosing of vancomycin has been introduced in Japan; however, the optimal dosing method remains controversial. Here, a novel software program was developed for AUC-guided vancomycin dosing and to estimate the theoretical threshold of the steady-state AUC24 that could reduce the risk of renal injury.

Methods:
A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted to develop a novel software program (SAKURA-TDM ver.1.0) for AUC-guided dosing. The estimation accuracy of pharmacokinetic parameters determined using SAKURA-TDM was compared with that of clinically available software programs and assessed with Bland–Altman analysis. In addition, theoretical cutoff points of the steady-state AUC24 and the predicted trough values were estimated using Youden J statistic approach.

Results:
The estimation accuracy of pharmacokinetic parameters and AUC determined using SAKURA-TDM was comparable to that of other TDM software programs. Of note, despite a good relationship between the predicted AUC24 and trough values, the correlation between the predicted AUC24 and measured trough values was not strong. The cutoff values of the steady-state AUC24 and the predicted trough value for reducing the probability of a measured trough value of >20 mcg/mL were 513.1 mg·h/L and 15.6 mcg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated the equivalence of the estimated PK parameters between SAKURA-TDM and other TDM software programs available in Japan. Considering the threshold of both trough values and the steady-state AUC and monitoring of the AUC in a non–steady state, it would be possible to reduce the risk of vancomycin-associated renal injury.
Lean Body Mass and Total Body Weight Versus Body Surface Area as a Determinant of Docetaxel Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity
Authors: Hoge Rien H. L. , Detert Oude Weme Suzan E. H. , Vervenne Walter L. , van Berlo-van de Laar Inge R. F. , van Herpen Carla M. L. , Roorda Laurens , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Jacobs Maartje S. , van Erp Nielka P. , Jansman Frank G. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:

Aim:
This study examined whether anthropometric and body composition parameters such as body surface area (BSA), lean body mass (LBM), and total body weight (TBW) are correlated with docetaxel clearance and exposure by analyzing area under the curve. In addition, LBM, TBW, and a fixed dose were compared with BSA as dosing parameters for dose individualization of docetaxel.

Methods:
Thirty-six patients receiving docetaxel chemotherapy for breast or metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma were included. Before treatment, LBM was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner. Blood samples were collected up to 180 minutes after dosing to analyze docetaxel concentrations and determine individual pharmacokinetic parameters.

Results:
No significant correlations were found between docetaxel clearance and the anthropometric and body composition variables (BSA, LBM, and TBW). The area under the curve was significantly but poorly correlated with BSA [r = 0.452 (P = 0.016)] and TBW [r = 0.476 (P = 0.011)]. The mean absolute percentage error and mean error of simulated dosing based on LBM and fixed dosing were not significantly different from those of BSA. For TBW, only mean absolute percentage error was significantly higher compared with dosing based on BSA (24.1 versus 17.1, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
There was no clinically relevant correlation between docetaxel pharmacokinetics and the anthropometric and body composition variables BSA, LBM, and TBW. Therefore, dose individualization of docetaxel based on LBM, TBW, or fixed dosing cannot be recommended over BSA-based dosing.
A 27-YEAR-OLD FEMALE WITH MILD BLURRY VISION AND PROLONGED LIGHT ADJUSTMENT IN THE MORNING
Authors: Nanda Tavish , Chin Adam , Rifkin Lana 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The following case report highlights a rare presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia-associated hyper-viscosity syndrome and provides a brief review of expected findings and treatment outcomes.

Methods:
An otherwise healthy 27-year-old woman presented to the ophthalmology clinic with mild bilateral blurriness (20/20 in both eyes) and prolonged light adaption in the morning for several months. Examination demonstrated severe bilateral venous stasis, white-centered hemorrhages, intraretinal hemorrhage, and peripheral ischemia with diffuse leakage.

Results:
Same-day CBC demonstrated a leukocytosis of >600,000. Subsequent bone marrow biopsy confirmed the 9,22 translocation (Philadelphia chromosome). On further examination, the patient had an enlarged cardiac silhouette, cytopenia, and splenomegaly past the umbilicus, consistent with a severe and life-threatening leukostasis.

Conclusion:
Ocular involvement can occur in acute and chronic leukemia. Five to ten percentage of patients present to an eye physician first, without a known diagnosis. Prompt systemic treatment can result in near-complete reversal of any intraocular injury in most mild-to-moderate cases, as was the case here.
β2-Microglobulin Participates in the Development of Vestibular Schwannoma by Regulating Nuclear Factor-κB
Authors: Jianfei Long , Yu Zhang , Junwei Ren , Xiang Huang , Bin Wang , Ping Zhong 
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives
Vestibular schwannoma (VS), the most common intercranial schwannoma, originates from the sheath of the vestibular nerve. The growth rate of VS varies greatly, with the tumor enlarging gradually, which can compress the peripheral nerve tissue and reveal corresponding symptoms. This study was aimed to elucidate the growth mechanism of VS by analyzing cellular changes at protein, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), and other molecular levels.

Methods
We determined mRNA and protein levels of β2-microglobulin (β2-M) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in tumors of different sizes using the real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The relationship between these factors was verified in VS primary cells cultured in vitro, and the potential role of β2-M and NF-κB in VS growth was elucidated.

Results
In the secretions of freshly isolated tumor tissue cultured for 72 h, the concentration of β2-M was positively correlated with the tumor diameter. Furthermore, tumors with larger diameter showed higher expressions of β2-M and NF-κB at protein and mRNA level. β2-M treatment resulted in elevated protein expression of NF-κB and also its phosphorylated form in vitro.

Conclusion
β2-M may participate in VS growth by regulating NF-κB and act as a key regulatory molecule in VS tumor growth.
Time From Infiltrate on Chest Radiograph to Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19 Affects Mortality
Authors: Powell Elizabeth K. , Krause Eric , Esposito Emily , Lankford Allison , Levine Andrea , Young Bree Ann C. , Haase Daniel J. , Tabatabai Ali , Taylor Bradley S. , Scalea Thomas M. , Galvagno Samuel M. 
Published: August 2022

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) has been used to treat severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, patient selection criteria have evolved throughout the pandemic. In this study, we sought to determine the association of patient mortality with time from positive COVID-19 test and infiltrate on chest radiograph (x-ray) to VV ECMO cannulation. We hypothesized that an increasing duration between a positive COVID-19 test or infiltrates on chest x-ray and cannulation would be associated with increased mortality.
This is a single-center retrospective chart review of COVID-19 VV ECMO patients from March 1, 2020 to July 28, 2021. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate analyses were performed to assess for mortality differences.
A total of 93 patients were included in our study. Increased time, in days, from infiltrate on chest x-ray to cannulation was associated with increased mortality in both unadjusted (5–9, P = 0.002) and adjusted regression analyses (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22–1.81, P < 0.01). Time from positive test to cannulation was not found to be significant between survivors and nonsurvivors (7.5–11, P = 0.06).
Time from infiltrate on chest x-ray to cannulation for VV ECMO should be considered when assessing patient candidacy. Further larger cohort and prospective studies are required.