bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antecedents to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients and employees in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: LoBrutto Lara R , Elwy A Rani , Miano Danielle , Ann Petrakis Beth , Kyrish Angela , Javier Sarah , Erhardt Taryn , Midboe Amanda M , Carbonaro Richard , Jasuja Guneet K , McInnes D Keith , Maguire Elizabeth M , Asch Steven M , Gifford Allen L , Clayman Marla L 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study sought to understand the antecedents to COVID-19 vaccination among those reporting a change in vaccine intention in order to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the United States. We employed semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion with vaccinated and unvaccinated Veterans Health Administration (VHA) employees and Veterans at three Veterans’ Affairs medical centers between January and June 2021. A subset of these participants (n=21) self-reported a change in COVID-19 vaccine intention and were selected for additional analysis. We combined thematic analysis using the 5C scale (confidence, collective responsibility, complacency, calculation, constraints) as our theoretical framework with a constant comparative method from codes based on the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. We generated 13 themes distributed across the 5C constructs that appeared to be associated with a change in COVID-19 vaccine intention. Themes included a trusted family member, friend or colleague in a healthcare field, a trusted healthcare professional, distrust of government or politics (confidence); duty to family and protection of others (collective responsibility); perceived health status and normative beliefs (complacency); perceived vaccine safety, perceived risk-benefit, and orientation towards deliberation (calculation); and ease of process (constraints). Key factors in promoting vaccine uptake included a desire to protect family; and conversations with as key factors in promoting vaccine uptake. Constructs from the 5C scale are useful in understanding intrapersonal changes in vaccine intentions over time, which may help public health practitioners improve future vaccine uptake.
A new species ofChrysemys(Emydidae: Deirochelyinae) from the latest Miocene-Early Pliocene of Tennessee, USA and its implications for the evolution of painted turtles
Authors: Jasinski Steven E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChrysemys, commonly known as painted turtles, have the largest native biogeographic range of all North American turtles. The presence of a new species, Chrysemys corniculata sp. nov., in the Late Hemphillian-Early Blancan North American Land Mammal Age (latest Miocene-Early Pliocene) of Tennessee provides further data on the evolution of Chrysemys, deirochelyines and emydids. The new fossil species lies basally in Deirochelyinae and suggests that either Chrysemys represents a basal deirochelyine morphology and is one of the oldest genera in the family, or that similar basal morphologies have evolved multiple times throughout deirochelyine evolution. Its occurrence at the same time as Chrysemys picta, during the Hemphillian-Early Blancan, a time of high biodiversity in emydid turtles, suggests either multiple species of Chrysemys during the Late Hemphillian-Early Blancan (at least one in the mid-west and one farther east), or multiple lineages with basal morphologies during this time. Early fossil deirochelyines occur after the greenhouse conditions of the Eocene and the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum. Vicariance led to deirochelyines becoming more speciose, including the occurrence of C. corniculata, after the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, potentially suggesting cooler temperatures aided in the evolution of the subfamily and their speciation during the Hemphillian and into the Early Blancan.
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to Detect Coagulopathy During Moderate and Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bell S.F. , Roberts T.C.D. , Freyer Martins Pereira J. , De Lloyd L. , Amir Z. , James D. , Jenkins P.V. , Collis R.E. , Collins P.W. 
Published: November 2022

(Int J Obstet Anes. 2022;49:103238)
Viscoelastometric hemostatic assays, such as rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), offer rapid, point-of-care identification of coagulopathy during postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Previous studies investigating the use of ROTEM have used a Delta ROTEM device. This study investigates the use of the ROTEM Sigma device, identifying the sensitivity, specificity, and positive or negative predictive values in patients with PPH.
Update on Developmental Anesthesia Neurotoxicity
Authors: Vutskits L. , Davidson A. 
Published: November 2022

(Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017;30:337–342. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000461)
For more than 60 years, the controversial association between anesthesia exposure in early postnatal life and behavioral or neurocognitive deficiency have been studied. Despite past and ongoing studies, there is no definitive answer as to whether general anesthesia impairs brain development and, if it does, to what extent. While research is still required, a few important recent studies have appeared. This paper aimed to review clinical and experimental developmental anesthesia neurotoxicity findings over the past 2 years.
Nasal High-flow Therapy during Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Hodgson D. , Owen L. , Kamlin C. , Roberts C. , Newman S. , Francis K. , Donath S. , Davis P. , Manley B. 
Published: November 2022

(N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1627–1637)
Fetal intubation attempts frequently have low success rates and take longer versus international guidelines, especially when performed by inexperienced operators. This results in increased rates of intraventricular hemorrhage and airway injury in vulnerable neonatal patients. Transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange, the use of nasal high-flow therapy (HFT) to aid respiratory support, is a proven useful aid in older children and adult intubation in a variety of circumstances. However, the relationship between neonates and nasal HFT during intubation was previously untested. This study examined the success rates of nasal HFT use during intubation against those not receiving HFTs. This study defined initial intubation attempt as the insertion length past the infant’s lips of the laryngoscope blade and successful intubation as the presence of carbon dioxide expiration after the placement of an endotracheal tube.
Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy (CHAP) Trial Consortium. Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy
Authors: Tita A.T. , Szychowski J.M. , Boggess K. , Dugoff L. , Sibai B. ,   et al
Published: November 2022

(N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1781–1792. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201295)
More than 2% of pregnancies are impacted by chronic hypertension (HTN), specifically among black women. Chronic HTN has been correlated with risk for preeclampsia, placental abruption, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth weight, perinatal death, maternal death, heart failure, stroke, pulmonary edema, and acute kidney injury. International organizations recommend extending antihypertensive treatment to patients with severe HTN, but they differ in their recommendations for treating mild HTN because of increased risk of small birth weight neonates. This study identifies the impact of mild hypertensive treatment on adverse pregnancy events up to 2 weeks after birth, placental abruption, and negative perinatal outcomes including birth weight through a randomized assignment to either the mild HTN treatment group or the nontreatment group.
Incidence and Predictors of Surgical Site Infection in Women Who Are Obese and Give Birth by Elective Cesarean Section: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Chaboyer W. , Ellwood D. , Thalib L. , Kumar S. , Mahomed K. , Kang E. , Gillespie B.M. 
Published: November 2022

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;62:234–240. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13428)
Risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean delivery (CD) are numerous and include maternal obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The interaction of high BMI with other risk factors for SSI (advanced maternal age, smoking, diabetes, emergency procedures, nontransverse incision, previous CD, premature membrane rupture, etc.) is not well understood and may interplay variably among individuals, making it difficult to predict risk for individual women. The authors analyzed the incidence of SSI in women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 undergoing elective CD to identify specific predictive risk factors.
Proposed Domains for Assessing Postpartum Recovery: A Concept Elicitation Study
Authors: Sultan P. , Jensen S.E. , Taylor J. , El-Sayed Y. , Carmichael S. , Cella D. , Angst M.S. , Gaudilliere B. , Lyell D.J. , Carvalho B. 
Published: November 2022

(BJOG. 2022;129:9–20)
Although ~3.8 million people have children per year, few people have researched postpartum recovery. This may be because tools developed to measure postpartum recovery, such as the Obstetric Quality of Recovery instrument, have not been used, validated, or developed sufficiently. The authors of this study previously created a list of domains they considered valuable to postpartum recovery, but had not determined which are important to stakeholders, postpartum individuals, obstetricians, maternal and fetal medicine specialists, nurses, and obstetric anesthetists. This study aimed to identify and propose a list of domains, rank these domains based on perspectives and feedback from stakeholders, identify factors that positively and negatively impact postpartum recovery, and establish the greatest difficulties individuals face after childbirth through concept elicitation interviews and focus group meetings.
Management of Placental Transfusion to Neonates After Delivery
Authors: McAdams R.M. , Lakshminrusimha S. 
Published: November 2022

(Obstet Gynecol. 2022;139:121–137. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004625)
Delayed cord clamping allows continued placental flow from mother to baby for a short amount of time following delivery. Evidence-based research shows preterm neonates before 37 weeks gestation particularly benefit from delayed cord clamping due to their increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Positive outcomes of lengthened placental transfusion after delivery include decreased need for blood transfusions and reduced mortality. Term neonates benefit as well, so the updated recommendation is to delay clamping by 30 to 60 seconds if appropriate at all deliveries.
Efficacy of Regional Blocks or Local Anaesthetic Infiltration for Analgesia After Caesarean Delivery: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Singh N.P. , Monks D. , Makkar J.K. , Palanisamy A. , Sultan P. , Singh P.M. 
Published: November 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2022;77:463–474. doi: 10.1111/anae.15645)
With cesarean delivery (CD) rates on the rise globally, it is important to understand the most effective methods of managing postoperative pain, which can be moderate to severe. Effective analgesia following CS has the long-term benefits such as decreasing opioid consumption, postpartum depression, and the likelihood of chronic pain. While long-acting neuraxial opioids reduce opioid requirements, breakthrough pain is not uncommon and neuraxial interventions may be contraindicated for some women. Local anesthetic infiltration has been increasingly used to reduce pain without significant adverse effects and may add the benefit of visceral analgesia. With many approach sites for treatment (direct wound infiltration, ilio-inguinal nerve, transversus abdominis plane, erector spinae plane, transverse fascia plane, and quadratus lumborum plane), it has not yet been studied if certain sites offer greater benefit over others. This network meta-analysis compares and ranks injection sites for efficacy of pain relief following CD.
Addressing Peer-to-Peer Resident Mistreatment Through the Use of Forum Theatre: A Pilot Intervention
Authors: Botros-Brey Sylvia , Dyurich Adriana , Pfeiffer Alixandria , Prestigiacomo Roberto , Wang Hanzhang , Page-Ramsey Sarah M. , Basler Joseph W. , Berggren Ruth 
Published: November 2022

Problem
Residents may experience mistreatment by faculty, peers, nurses, or patients. While faculty are reportedly the primary contributors to mistreatment, residents can also be offenders, which merits study. Forum theatre (FT) is an experiential learning modality requiring a peer group to develop problem-solving strategies. FT was piloted to address mistreatment among residents. The objective was to determine whether FT was feasible, acceptable to resident learners, and could lead to self-reported changes in perceptions or behaviors, providing program directors a focused option to address professionalism as a competency.

Approach
This initiative was conducted from September 2019 through February 2021 in obstetrics–gynecology and urology residencies at UT Health San Antonio and consisted of 3 phases: a focus group to identify mistreatment experienced by residents, resident volunteers to create and act out the FT scenario, and enactment of the FT scenario during didactic time. Residents completed anonymous retrospective pre- and postsurveys, as well as at 6–8 months after, to assess knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported and observed behaviors. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and 2-sample t tests for proportions were used to compare variables between groups.

Outcomes
The FT was completed successfully in both departments during didactic time. Twenty-six residents participated, 24 (92%) responded. Most respondents (23, 96%) would recommend FT to colleagues for teaching professionalism. Behavior changes were reported by 15 (63%) participants after the program. After 6–8 months, self-reported mistreatment behaviors had decreased, including “making fun of others” (15 (63%) to 10 (38%), P = .04) and sending “disparaging texts” (13 (54%) to 7 (27%), P =.02).

Next Steps
The use of FT during regularly scheduled didactic times was feasible and well received among residents. The evaluation demonstrated sustained self-reported behavior changes. Plans are ongoing to expand this approach to other medical specialties and professions institutionally.
New Imaging Modalities for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Rajan Prashant V. , Pelle Dominic W. , Savage Jason W. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is defined as dysfunction of the spinal cord as a result of compression from degenerative changes to surrounding joints, intervertebral disks, or ligaments. Symptoms can include upper extremity numbness and diminished dexterity, difficulty with fine manipulation of objects, gait imbalance, and incoordination, and compromised bowel and bladder function. Accurate diagnosis and evaluation of the degree of impairment due to degenerative cervical myelopathy remain a challenging clinical endeavor requiring a thorough and accurate history, physical examination, and assessment of imaging findings.

Methods:
A narrative review is presented summarizing the current landscape of imaging modalities utilized in DCM diagnostics and the future direction of research for spinal cord imaging.

Results and Discussion:
Current imaging modalities, particularly magnetic resonance imaging and, to a lesser extent, radiographs/CT, offer important information to aid in decision making but are not ideal as stand-alone tools. Newer imaging modalities currently being studied in the literature include diffusion tensor imaging, MR spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, perfusion imaging, and positron emission tomography. These newer imaging modalities attempt to more accurately evaluate the physical structure, intrinsic connectivity, biochemical and metabolic function, and perfusion of the spinal cord in DCM. Although there are still substantial limitations to implementation, future clinical practice will likely be revolutionized by these new imaging modalities to diagnose, localize, surgically plan and manage, and follow patients with DCM.
Radiofrequency Microneedling for Skin Tightening of the Lower Face, Jawline, and Neck Region
Authors: Nguyen Lynhda , Blessmann Marco , Schneider Stefan W. , Herberger Katharina 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
Radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) treatment is the latest generation of fractional skin rejuvenation methods.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and patient satisfaction of RFMN treatment for skin rejuvenation of the lower face and neck area.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective, intraindividual, controlled study. Subjects were treated with a fractional insulated RFMN system with 1 to 3 sessions at intervals of 4 to 12 weeks. Follow-up visits were scheduled on Day 90 and 180 posttreatment. Outcome was assessed by volume analysis of standardized 3-dimensional imaging, and validated clinical scales were rated by the physician, a blinded investigator, and patients.

RESULTS
Thirty patients (mean age 55.5 years, Fitzpatrick skin type I–IV) were included. Mean submental volume difference was −4.72 cm3 (±10.07 cm3; range −26.65 cm3 to +16.01 cm3). Physician, blinded investigator, and subjects rated the clinical outcome as highly improved. Mean pain intensity was 5.61/10 on Numeric Rating Scale. Beside slight swelling and redness, no relevant downtime has been observed.

CONCLUSION
Fractional RFMN treatment is a safe and effective technique for rejuvenation of the lower face, jawline, and neck region. Sufficient pain management should be provided. Data indicated low to no downtime and high patient satisfaction.
Intradermal Injection of Poly-d, l-Lactic Acid Using Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency for Acne Scars: An Open-Label Prospective Trial
Authors: Hyeong Jin Hyeok , Jung Joon Woo , Seo Suk Bae , Kim Hong Seok , Kim Kwang Ho 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
Treatment with filler injections using a microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFRF) device is a promising modality with proven efficacy for acne scar treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and histologic differences of intradermal injection of a filler (poly-d, l-lactic acid, PDLA) using an MFRF device for the treatment of acne scars.

METHODS
Patients with acne scars on both cheeks were included. Poly-d, l-lactic acid was injected via the MFRF device every 4 weeks for a total of 4 sessions. Patients were evaluated using the grading system for acne scars before each session, as well as personal satisfaction. For histologic evaluation, 2 patients (who consented) underwent a skin biopsy from the upper arm before and after the same single session.

RESULTS
After the final session, the acne scar grading (échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné) scale and visual analog scale for evaluation of satisfaction showed improvement compared with initial assessment (36.99% and 79.65% respectively [p < .001, respectively]). For histologic evaluation, biodegradation of PDLA materials and increase in collagen and elastic fibers were observed after 5 months of treatment.

CONCLUSION
Intradermal injection of PDLA using the MFRF device could be used as an effective treatment with fewer side effects in acne scar patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III-IV.
The association between incidentally found breast arterial calcification on routine screening mammography and the development of coronary artery disease and stroke: results of a 10-year prospective study
Authors: Nudy Matthew , Asmaro Ragad , Jiang Xuezhi , Schnatz Peter F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study is to assess whether the presence of breast arterial calcifications (BACs) found on routine mammography is prospectively associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events after 10 years of follow-up.

Methods
Women presenting for screening mammography were enrolled in this prospective cohort. Baseline data were collected including history of CVD and CVD risk factors. Mammograms were assessed for the presence or absence of BAC. Participants completed questionnaires 10 years after baseline that assessed the development of CVD (coronary artery disease [CAD] and stroke) and CVD risk factors.

Results
Of the 1,995 participants who enrolled at baseline, complete 10-year follow-up data were available for 1,039; of those, 114 (11.0%) were BAC-positive and 925 (89.0%) were BAC-negative at baseline. After controlling for age, BAC-positive women were more likely to develop CAD (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.86-5.27; P < 0.001) compared with BAC-negative women after 10 years of follow-up. After controlling for age, BAC-positive women were more likely to have had a stroke (odds ratio, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.82-14.30) compared with BAC-negative women after 10 years.

Conclusions
The presence of BAC on routine screening mammography was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing CAD and stroke after 10 years of follow-up. Additional large prospective, population-based studies are needed to confirm BAC as a predictor of future CVD events and its utility in stratifying a woman's risk of CVD.
Monoaminergic mediation of hyperalgesic and analgesic descending control of nociception in mice
Authors: Nemoto Wataru , Kozak Dalia , Sotocinal Susana G. , Tansley Shannon , Bannister Kirsty , Mogil Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Descending control of nociception (DCN; also known as conditioned pain modulation [CPM], the behavioral correlate of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls) is the phenomenon whereby pain inhibits pain in another part of the body and is the subject of increasing study because it may represent a biomarker of chronic pain. We recently discovered that pain modulation on the application of a DCN paradigm involving low-intensity test stimuli occurs in the direction of hyperalgesia in healthy mice and rats, whereas the use of high-intensity stimuli produces analgesia. To elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying hyperalgesic DCN, we administered agonists and antagonists of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors, key neurochemical players in the production of analgesic DCN. We find that 3 different monoamine reuptake inhibitors—the NE-selective reboxetine, the 5-HT-selective fluoxetine, and the dual NE/5-HT agonist duloxetine—all abolish hyperalgesic DCN when administered into the spinal cord (but not systemically), with no effect on heat or mechanical pain sensitivity. The reversal by reboxetine of hyperalgesic DCN is mediated by α2-adrenergic receptors (ie, blocked by atipamezole), and the fluoxetine reversal is mediated by 5-HT7 receptors (ie, blocked by SB269970). By contrast, analgesic DCN was found to be reversed by atipamezole and SB269970 themselves, with no effect of reboxetine or fluoxetine. Thus, hyperalgesic DCN seems to be the neurochemical opposite to analgesic DCN. These data further validate and help elucidate a preclinical paradigm that mimics dysfunctional CPM and thus may form the basis of translational experiments that aim to reveal preventative pharmacological strategies for individuals predisposed to persistent pain.