bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic wave propagation for nearly constant Q transverse isotropy
Authors: Hao Qi , Greenhalgh Stewart , Huang Xingguo , Li Huijian 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTConstant Q, also called frequency‐independent Q, is a phenomenological assumption often used in practice for dissipative wave propagation in both forward and inverse seismic modelling. A constant Q dissipative model generally results in a temporal convolution‐type wave equation, which is computationally costly to solve by a time‐domain numerical modelling method. In this paper, we use the recently proposed weighting function method to derive the nearly constant Q wave equations in differential form for viscoelastic transversely isotropic media. These wave equations explicitly involve specified Q parameters, which is convenient for time‐domain waveform modelling and inversion. As numerical examples, we analyse the nearly constant Q behaviour of the proposed model , nearly constant Q wave reflection and wave propagation in a heterogeneous case.
Entrepreneurial Passion and Product Innovation Intensity in New Ventures: Mediating Effects of Exploration and Exploitation Activities
Authors: Ahsan Mujtaba , Adomako Samuel , Donbesuur Francis , Mole Kevin F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the differential effects of entrepreneurial passion (EP) on product innovation intensity (PII) through the mediating mechanisms of exploration and exploitation activities. Using time‐lagged data from 260 new ventures from Ghana, we examine the direct relationships between the three domains of EP (i.e. inventing, developing and founding) and a new venture's PII. Further, we test the indirect relationships between the three domains of EP and PII through the mediating mechanisms of a new venture's exploration and exploitation activities. The empirical results provide a fine‐grained understanding of the relationship between EP, exploration and exploitation activities and PII. Implications for research and practice are also discussed.
Pickets, Protests and Purses in the American Civil Rights Movement
Authors: Casey Kathleen B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAt first glance, perhaps nothing seems more mundane and apolitical than a purse. But purses have always been much more than a fashion accessory. This article analyses how southern Black women – both the legendary and the lesser known – in the ‘classical’ phase of the Civil Rights Movement used purses to appear as respectable ladies' when their dress and comportment were under close surveillance. Yet they simultaneously used their purses as private, female‐controlled spaces that aided them in achieving a wide variety of social, economic and political objectives. In fact, many southern Black women used their purses to hide critical items needed to prepare themselves and protect their bodies as they voted, sat‐in, rode on public transportation and integrated schools. Using oral histories, memoirs, newspaper and magazine stories and photographs, this article argues that Black southern female activists used purses primarily as ‘toolkits’. In the process, it reveals that Black southern women's participation in the armed self‐defence movement is far more significant than scholars have appreciated.
Job match and housing tenure
Authors: Coulson N. Edward , D'Lima Walter , Jinkins David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHomeownership, though it brings both private and social benefits, entails substantial fixed costs. Standard personal financial advice suggests that homeownership should only be undertaken when one's job situation is stable and job movement is not likely in the near future. Little research has asked whether this advice is followed. Our goal is to rectify that omission. To test this hypothesis, we employ detailed information on workers and housing decisions from Danish administrative data. We construct a measure of job mismatch and find evidence, suggesting that homeowners are indeed better matched at their jobs than renters, and that an improved match leads renters to become homeowners. An examination of job durations suggests that homeownership is correlated with longer job duration both because of a direct causal effect and also due to an indirect effect through selection into homeownership.
Melanosis coli: A factor not associated with histological progression of colorectal polyps
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhan Ting Ting , Dong Zhi Yu , Sun Hui Hui , Wang Jun Wen , Chen Ying , Xu Shu Chang 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveIn this study we aimed to investigate the association of melanosis coli (MC) and the colorectal polyp detection rate (PDR).MethodsIn all, 1104 MC patients and 62 181 non‐MC participants were enrolled. And 2208 controls were matched by participants' age and gender, and quality of bowel preparation using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Additionally, 490 polyps in MC and 980 in controls matched by age and gender, and size and location of polyps were analyzed. The association of PDR and pathological features of polyps with MC were also analyzed.ResultsMC patients showed a higher PDR (44.3% vs 39.3%, P = 0.006) and detection rate of low‐grade adenoma (45.4% vs 36.7%, P = 0.002) but fewer large polyps (≥10 mm) (18.8% vs 26.9%, P = 0.001), fewer polyps in the left colon (33.5% vs 40.0%, P = 0.018), and a lower detection rate of advanced adenoma/adenocarcinoma (17.4% vs 24.3%, P = 0.003) than the matched controls. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, MC was independently associated with an increased PDR (odds ratio 1.184, 95% confidence interval 1.045–1.343, P = 0.008). Analysis targeting polyps showed that there were significant differences in age, gender, location, and pathology (P < 0.001) between polyps with and without MC. However, after adjusting for participants' age and gender, size and location of polyps, there was no difference between the two groups in pathology (P = 0.635).ConclusionMC is independently associated with increased colorectal PDR, but not with histological progression of polyps.
A guide to avian museomics: Insights gained from resequencing hundreds of avian study skins
Authors: Irestedt Martin , Thörn Filip , Müller Ingo A. , Jønsson Knud A. , Ericson Per G. P. , Blom Mozes P. K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiological specimens in natural history collections constitute a massive repository of genetic information. Many specimens have been collected in areas in which they no longer exist or in areas where present‐day collecting is not possible. There are also specimens in collections representing populations or species that have gone extinct. Furthermore, species or populations may have been sampled throughout an extensive time period, which is particularly valuable for studies of genetic change through time. With the advent of high‐throughput sequencing, natural history museum resources have become accessible for genomic research. Consequently, these unique resources are increasingly being used across many fields of natural history. In this paper, we summarize our experiences of resequencing hundreds of genomes from historical avian museum specimens. We publish the protocols we have used and discuss the entire workflow from sampling and laboratory procedures, to the bioinformatic processing of historical specimen data.
Chromosome‐level genome of Entada phaseoloides provides insights into genome evolution and biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins
Authors: Lin Min , Jian Jian‐Bo , Zhou Zhu‐Qing , Chen Chun‐Hai , Wang Wen , Xiong Hui , Mei Zhi‐Nan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a medicinal herbal plant, Entada phaseoloides has high levels of secondary metabolites, particularly triterpenoid saponins, which are important resources for scientific research and medical applications. However, the lack of a reference genome for this genus has limited research on its evolution and utilization of its medicinal potential. In this study, we report a chromosome‐scale genome assembly for E. phaseoloides using Illumina, Nanopore long reads and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture technology. The assembled reference genome is 456.18 Mb (scaffold N50 = 30.9 Mb; contig N50 = 6.34 Mb) with 95.71% of the sequences anchored onto 14 pseudochromosomes. E. phaseoloides was estimated to have diverged from the Leguminosae lineage at ~72.0 million years ago. With the integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, gene expression patterns and metabolite profiling of E. phaseoloides were determined in different tissues. The pattern of gene expression and metabolic profile of the kernel were distinct from those of other tissues. Furthermore, the evolution of certain gene families involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins and terpenes was analysed and offers new insights into the formation of these two metabolites. Four CYP genes, one UGT gene and related transcription factors were identified as candidate genes contributing to regulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. As the first high‐quality assembled reference genome in the genus Entada, it will not only provide new information for the evolutionary study of this genus and conservation biology of E. phaseoloides but also lay a foundation for the formation and utilization of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants.
Effectiveness evaluation of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with positron emission tomography‐staged esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after complete resection: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Fang Hsin‐Yuan , Lin Yu‐Sen , Chen Chien‐Kuang , Chen Jian‐Xun , Lu Ting‐Yu , Huang Tzu‐Min , Hsieh Te‐Chun , Kuo Yu‐Cheng , Lin Chen‐Yuan , Lien Ming‐Yu , Chen Chi‐Ching , Li Chia‐Chin , Chien Chun‐Ru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (ACCRT) is unclear for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who receive esophagectomy with clean margins. We compared the survival of the ACCRT versus observation groups for these patients staged with positron emission tomography (PET) via a population‐based approach.MethodsEligible patients with locally advanced ESCC diagnosed between 2011 and 2017 were identified via the Taiwan Cancer Registry. We used propensity score (PS) weighting to balance observable potential confounders between groups. The hazard ratios (HR) of death and incidence of esophageal cancer mortality (IECM) were compared between the ACCRT and observation groups. We also evaluated overall survival (OS) in subgroups of either with or without lymph node metastases.ResultsOur primary analysis consisted of 105 patients in whom the covariates were well balanced after PS weighting. The HR for death when ACCRT was compared with observation was 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.28–1.21, p = 0.15). The results were also not significantly different for IECM or in the subgroup analyses.ConclusionWe found that for patients with PET‐staged ESCC who received esophagectomy with clean margins, the survival was not statistically different between ACCRT and observation. Further studies (randomized or larger sample size) are needed to clarify this issue.
Untangling the role of a novel agroecosystem as a habitat for declining farmland birds
Authors: Kämpfer Steffen , Löffler Franz , Brüggeshemke Jonas , Fartmann Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a result of agricultural industrialisation, traditionally managed habitats have dramatically declined throughout Europe. As a result, farmland specialists across several taxa have become increasingly threatened. Concurrently, altered farming practices have also contributed to the emergence of novel agricultural habitats, such as Christmas tree plantations, but knowledge of their impact on biodiversity is still scarce. In the following study, we analysed the drivers behind the territory selection of four declining farmland birds—Common linnet (Linaria cannabina), Tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), Woodlark (Lullula arborea) and Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella)—in a landscape dominated by Christmas tree plantations. Our study suggests that Christmas tree plantations provide well‐suited breeding conditions for the species and thus may represent important refuges in human‐modified landscapes. We found that all four species favoured young Christmas tree plantations (<6 years) for territory establishment. In particular, the territories of Tree pipit and Woodlark were characterised by a high proportion of young plantations, which provide open habitat structures rich in bare ground. However, older plantations (>6 years) were also of high importance for some of the model organisms, especially for Common linnet and Yellowhammer. The territory establishment of Yellowhammer was additionally favoured by brushwood plantations, clear‐cut/fringe vegetation and low‐growing shrubland. We attribute the high value of Christmas tree plantations mainly to the coexistence of open habitat structures rich in bare ground and less intensively managed stands, which both represent important foraging sites for the model organisms. At least in intensively used agricultural areas, Christmas tree plantations may represent important refuges for declining farmland birds. Therefore, further measures aiming to promote habitat quality while reducing the use of herbicides in the plantations should be addressed.
Root‐end resection with or without retrograde obturation after orthograde filling with two techniques: A micro‐CT study
Authors: Angerame Daniele , De Biasi Matteo , Lenhardt Massimiliano , Porrelli Davide , Bevilacqua Lorenzo , Generali Luigi , La Rosa Giusy Rita Maria , Pedullà Eugenio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the filling ability of two orthograde obturation techniques followed by the apical resection with or without retrograde obturation through micro‐computed tomography (CT). Thirty‐two single‐rooted permanent teeth were prepared and randomised into four groups (n = 8) according to the orthograde obturation technique (single cone technique [SCT] and mineral trioxide aggregate placement) combined or not with retrograde obturation. The volume of voids (VoV) within the entire endodontic space, the apical 3 mm, and 1 mm after root resection was calculated by micro‐CT. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference among the groups regarding the total VoV in all root canals, as well as within the apical 1 mm after root resection. The SCT and apical resection without retrograde filling showed significantly better results in terms of VoV at the apical 3 mm after root resection. Within the study limitations, SCT associated with apical resection without retrograde preparation exhibited a similar or less amount of voids than the other groups.
3D geometric analysis of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary first molar tooth
Authors: Khadilkar Indrani , Nangia Divya , Chawla Amrita , Sharma Sidhartha , Kumar Vijay , Gupta Shalini , Logani Ajay 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCone‐beam computed tomography scans exhibiting a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal were examined. The vertical distance of the MB2 orifice from the pulp floor (depth), inter‐orifice distance (IOD) of MB2 from mesiobuccal (MB) and palatal (P) orifices, the horizontal distance of the MB2 orifice from the line joining MB‐P orifices [mesial deviation (MD)] and root canal configuration (RCC) were evaluated on 330 scans. The Student's t‐test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and linear regression analysis were applied. The MB2 depth was 1.69 ± 0.86 mm. IOD (MB‐MB2, MB2‐P) was 2.18 ± 0.58 mm and 4.63 ± 1.06 mm, respectively. MD was 1.02 ± 0.37 mm. The predominant RCC was Vertucci's type II (75.5%). No correlation of depth with IOD of MB‐MB2 (rho = 0.0367, p = 0.506) was observed. Significant correlation of depth with IOD of MB2‐P (rho = 0.696, p < 0.001) and MD (rho = 0.174, p = 0.001) was established. No association of depth with age and IOD (MB‐MB2) was observed on linear regression analysis. However, a significant positive association was established with IOD (MB2‐P) (p < 0.001) and MD (p = 0.001).
Influence of minimally invasive access cavities on load capacity of root‐canal‐treated teeth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahbani Nobar Behrad , Dianat Omid , Rahbani Nobar Behnam , Kazem Majid , Hicks M. Lamar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis systematic review (PROSPERO‐CRD42020147333) aimed to compare the effects of conservative, ultraconservative and truss access cavities with traditional access cavities on the load capacity of root‐canal‐treated teeth. Online databases were searched until December 2021, and 25 ex vivo studies in which the effects of different access cavities on load capacity of permanent teeth had been investigated were included. Quality assessment was completed using a modified risk of bias tool for in vitro studies adapted from previous studies. Meta‐analysis was performed using the maximum‐likelihood‐based random‐effects model with similar groups. Conservative access cavities significantly improved the load capacity of maxillary premolars (p < 0.01 [−1.32, −0.028]) and molars (p < 0.05 [−0.89, −0.02]) compared to traditional access cavities. Additionally, truss access cavities significantly improved the load capacity of mandibular molars with (p < 0.05, [−1.18, −0.02]) mesio‐occluso‐distal cavity preparations. Higher levels of evidence are needed to determine the long‐term implications of minimal preparations for treatment outcomes.
Reinke crystals: Hallmarks of adult Leydig cells in humans
Authors: Planinić Ana , Marić Tihana , Bojanac Ana Katušić , Ježek Davor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundReinke crystals are structures pathognomonic for Leydig cells, which have the important function of testosterone production and are vital for male reproductive health. These crystalline inclusions are thought to be of protein origin; however, the molecular composition has not yet been resolved.ObjectivesThis review summarizes all available information regarding Reinke crystal's characteristics and aims to produce a comprehensive guide for research on this topic as well as to determine and discuss potential Reinke‐protein candidates.MethodsPubmed was thoroughly searched for all publications regarding Reinke crystals and 137 publications were identified. All publications were surveyed and all relevant information was included in the review.ResultsAlong with the cytoplasm, structures that resemble Reinke crystals were also observed in the nucleus, suggesting that their formation depends only on protein concentration. Variations in tissue processing protocols could impact Reinke crystal microscopic visualization, which is an important factor in diagnosing Leydig cell disorders such as Leydig cell tumors. Reinke crystals appear to be hallmarks of normally differentiated, adult, Leydig or Leydig‐like cells in humans, while some abnormal and nonhuman Leydig cells contain Reinke‐like paracrystalline inclusions or crystalloids.ConclusionsThese characteristics point to some differentially expressed proteins, which could be involved in Reinke crystal formation. Differential Reinke crystal and paracrystalline inclusion presence could also be due to small changes in protein structure or the cell environment. Further research is needed to solve the ongoing mystery of the Reinke crystal, which would enhance our knowledge of Leydig cell contribution in the pathogenesis of various male reproductive disorders and improve their diagnosis and treatment.
Clinical trial: seven‐day vonoprazan‐ versus 14‐day proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy for first‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Ang Daphne , Koo Seok Hwee , Chan Yiong Huak , Tan Thean Yen , Soon Gaik Hong , Tan Chin Kimg , Lin Kenneth Weicong , Krishnasamy‐Balasubramanian Jaydeesh‐Khanna , Wong Yu Jun , Kumar Rahul , R Rajesh , Tan Yiyuan , Ong Peng‐Lan Jeannie , Tan Yi‐Lyn Jessica , Li James Weiquan , Kwek Andrew Boon‐Eu , Ang Tiing Leong 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundOne‐week triple therapy with vonoprazan is endorsed by Japanese guidelines as an alternative to proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based triple therapy for first‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication. This contrasts with Western guidelines recommending 2‐week PPI‐based triple therapy.AimTo verify the non‐inferiority of 1‐week vonoprazan‐based triple therapy versus 2‐week PPI‐based triple therapy as first‐line H. pylori eradication in a multiracial Asian cohort.MethodsRandomised controlled trial of treatment‐naïve patients with H. pylori infection assigned 1:1 to either 7 days amoxicillin 1 g + clarithromycin 500 mg + vonoprazan 20 mg twice per day or 14 days amoxicillin 1 g + clarithromycin 500 mg + omeprazole OR esomeprazole OR rabeprazole 20 mg twice/day. Subjects were randomly assigned to each PPI 1:1:1 Demographics, H. pylori resistance, CYP 2C19 genotype, eradication success and safety profiles were compared between groups.ResultsBetween June 2019 and June 2021, 252 of 1097 subjects screened were randomised. 244 (age [SD] 51.7 [14.6]) received vonoprazan‐ (n = 119) or PPI‐based (n = 125) triple therapy. Eradication rates by intention‐to‐treat analysis were 87.4% (vonoprazan‐based triple therapy) versus 88.0% (PPI‐based triple therapy. By per protocol analysis: 96.3% (vonoprazan‐based triple therapy) versus 94.0% (PPI‐based triple therapy). Clarithromycin resistance predicted treatment failure on multivariate analysis: RR 11.4; 95% CI [1.4–96.3], p = 0.025. No significant differences in CYP 2C19 genotypes or adverse events occurred between groups.ConclusionOne‐week vonoprazan‐based triple therapy achieved comparable efficacy to 2‐week PPI‐based triple therapy and was well tolerated.
Functional variants in the promoter region of sulfotransferase 1C1 gene associated with estrogen degradation in gilts
Authors: Gao Qinxue , Chu Qingpo , Liu Mingzheng , Gao Siyuan , Xu Qinglei , Zhou Bo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChinese indigenous Mi gilts have clearer estrus expression than European Large White gilts, and sulfotransferase 1C1 (SULT1C1) gene was differentially expressed between them. To investigate the differential expression mechanism of porcine SULT1C1 gene, we cloned its promoter region and predicted its activity. Six deletion expression vectors (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6) for the promoter of SULT1C1 gene were constructed. Vector P3 (−1084/+261) had the highest expression activity, whereas vector P4 (−642/+261) showed a reduced in promoter activity, which suggests that the core promoter region of SULT1C1 gene is located between −1084 bp and −642 bp. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), c. – 994 G > A (rs345070974) and c. – 946 G > A (rs337902009) were found in Mi and Large White gilts between −1100 and −661 bp, and the expression vectors with four haplotypes (GG, AA, GA, and AG) of two SNPs were constructed. The relative luciferase activity of vector with haplotype GG was the greatest among four vectors. These indicate that c. – 994 G > A and c. – 946 G > A are key mutations for promoter activity of SULT1C1 gene. Porcine SULT1C1 promoter with −994 G allele and −946 G allele significantly improved the gene expression level. It could be involved in different estrus expression between Large White and Mi gilts.