bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bond that binds or drives us apart? An empirical test of the national identity argument in three countries
Authors: Rapp Carolin Hjort 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolidarity is a key ingredient to making society work. Yet, recent developments such as the refugee crisis and the declining support for social democratic parties question the degree of solidarity in Western societies. So what could increase solidarity? The national identity argument (NIA) claims that a stronger national identity can foster solidarity. While this claim was proven in some cases, several others challenged it. This paper sets out to put the NIA to a severe empirical test by distinguishing five different forms of national identity: national belonging, national pride, patriotism, national chauvinism, and the normative perception of national boundaries. The data stems from national surveys in Germany, the UK, and the USA linked to the ISSP. The results reveal no clear support for the NIA. Whether national identity fosters solidarity depends on what type of national identity and what country one is looking at.
Country or party? Variations in party membership around the globe
Authors: van Haute Emilie , Ribeiro Pedro Floriano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper explores external (country-level) and internal (party-level) drivers of membership variations across parties. Relying on the Political Party Database combined with other datasets, we provide original, cross-sectional analyses of membership variation across 223 parties in 38 countries, innovatively covering third-wave democracies, post-communist countries, and advanced democracies. It allows for a unique analysis of recruitment patterns of parties under quite different contexts. Departing from the dominant view that parties are the powerless victims of external trends, we show that, while context matters, parties’ choices regarding affiliation rules and organization structure also matter. They are more powerful determinants of membership ratios than country-level variables. Especially, the representation of sub-groups in the party structure is a key driver of membership recruitment. We also show how party origins, and the foundational environment in which they emerged, are important to understand how membership varies across parties today. Overall, this study strongly advocates for a broad comparative, multilevel approach to party membership.
Vermittlung psychotherapeutischer Fertigkeiten durch die Arbeit mit Simulationspatientinnen
Authors: Deisenhofer Anne-Katharina , Meyer Lukas , Schaffrath Jana , Weinmann-Lutz Birgit , Poster Kaitlyn , Bennemann Björn , Prinz Jessica , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In der Ausbildung von Psychotherapeutinnen konnte bereits ein subjektiver Kompetenzgewinn durch die Arbeit mit Simulationspatientinnen (SP) belegt werden. Fragestellung: Neben der Replikation dieser Befunde, welche auf Selbstberichten basieren, untersuchte vorliegende Studie die objektive Behandlungsintegrität von Studierenden anhand von Beobachterratings. Methode: Die Stichprobe setzte sich aus 39 Studierenden aus 4 Fallseminaren zusammen. Zur Validierung der objektiven Behandlungsintegrität wurde eine Vergleichsstichprobe von Psychologischen Psychotherapeutinnen in Ausbildung (PPiA) herangezogen (Videos N = 763). Zusätzlich wurden Charakteristika der Studierenden hinsichtlich ihrer prädiktiven Fähigkeiten untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse belegten neben einem selbstberichteten Kompetenzzuwachs auch eine zufriedenstellende objektive Behandlungsintegrität, die signifikant niedriger ausfiel als die der PPiA. Zusätzlich konnten Prädiktoren für die Behandlungsintegrität identifiziert werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Studierende Therapiesituationen, die ihrem Novizen-Status entsprechen, in zufriedenstellendem Maße ausgestalten können.
Mechanical and Thermal Impacts of the Tibetan–Iranian Plateau on the North Pacific Storm Track: Numerical Experiments by FGOALS‐f3‐L
Authors: Yang Minghao , Li Chongyin , Luo Dehai , Yao Yao , Li Xin , Chen Xiong , Lu Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy employing a state‐of‐the‐art global atmospheric general circulation model from the Global Monsoons Model Inter‐comparison Project, this study investigates the mechanical and thermal impacts of the Tibetan‐Iranian Plateau (TIP) on the North Pacific storm track (NPST). When the TIP‐associated mechanical forcing is removed, the winter NPST strengthens remarkably on the northern flank of its climatological maximum and becomes inconspicuously separated from storm track activities over the Asian continent. The midwinter suppression of the NPST is almost inapparent but still exists. In contrast, when TIP‐associated thermal forcing is absent, the winter NPST amplitudes weaken prominently on the north and west sides, and the midwinter suppression remains obvious. The mechanical and thermal impact of the TIP on the NPST are robust not only in winter but also in other seasons. Without the TIP‐associated mechanical forcing, the intensified winter NPST may be dependent on the weakened and widened upper‐level jet, strengthened atmospheric baroclinicity on the north side of climatological winter upper‐level jet, enhanced baroclinic energy conversion, and attenuated East Asian trough. In contrast, without the TIP‐associated thermal forcing, the weakened winter NPST may be determined by the strengthened and narrowed upper‐level jet, reduced atmospheric baroclinicity on the northern flank of upper‐level jet, decreased baroclinic energy conversion, and intensified East Asian trough.
Electron Scattering by Very‐Low‐Frequency and Low‐Frequency Waves From Ground Transmitters in the Earth's Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region
Authors: Ma Q. , Gu W. , Claudepierre S. G. , Li W. , Bortnik J. , Hua M. , Shen X.‐C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe very‐low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) waves from ground transmitters propagate in the ionospheric waveguide, and a portion of their power leaks to the Earth's inner radiation belt and slot region where it can cause electron precipitation loss. Using Van Allen Probes observations, we perform a survey of the VLF and LF transmitter waves at frequencies from 14 to 200 kHz. The statistical electric and magnetic wave amplitudes and frequency spectra are obtained at 1 < L < 3. Based on a recent study on the propagation of VLF transmitter waves, we divide the total wave power into ducted and unducted portions, and model the wave normal angle of unducted waves with dependences on L shell, magnetic latitude, and wave frequency. At lower frequencies, the unducted waves are launched along the vertical direction and the wave normal angle increases during the propagation until reaching the Gendrin angle; at higher frequencies, the normal angle of unducted waves follows the variation of Gendrin angle. We calculate the bounce‐averaged pitch angle and momentum diffusion coefficients of electrons due to ducted and unducted VLF and LF waves. Unducted and ducted waves cause efficient pitch angle scattering at L = 1.5 and 2.5, respectively. Although the wave power from ground transmitters at frequencies higher than 30 kHz is low, these waves can cause the pitch angle scattering of lower energy (2–200 keV at L = 1.5) electrons, which cannot resonate with the VLF transmitter waves at frequencies below 30 kHz, lightning generated whistlers, or plasmaspheric hiss.
Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: seeking therapeutic targets in the era of gene therapy
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Nishiyama Ayumi , Warita Hitoshi , Aoki Masashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intractable disease that causes respiratory failure leading to mortality. The main locus of ALS is motor neurons. The success of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a motor neuron disease, has triggered a paradigm shift in developing ALS therapies. The causative genes of ALS and disease-modifying genes, including those of sporadic ALS, have been identified one after another. Thus, the freedom of target choice for gene therapy has expanded by ASO strategy, leading to new avenues for therapeutic development. Tofersen for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was a pioneer in developing ASO for ALS. Improving protocols and devising early interventions for the disease are vital. In this review, we updated the knowledge of causative genes in ALS. We summarized the genetic mutations identified in familial ALS and their clinical features, focusing onSOD1, fused in sarcoma(FUS), and transacting response DNA-binding protein. The frequency of theC9ORF72mutation is low in Japan, unlike in Europe and the United States, whileSOD1andFUSare more common, indicating that the target mutations for gene therapy vary by ethnicity. A genome-wide association study has revealed disease-modifying genes, which could be the novel target of gene therapy. The current status and prospects of gene therapy development were discussed, including ethical issues. Furthermore, we discussed the potential of axonal pathology as new therapeutic targets of ALS from the perspective of early intervention, including intra-axonal transcription factors, neuromuscular junction disconnection, dysregulated local translation, abnormal protein degradation, mitochondrial pathology, impaired axonal transport, aberrant cytoskeleton, and axon branching. We simultaneously discuss important pathological states of cell bodies: persistent stress granules, disrupted nucleocytoplasmic transport, and cryptic splicing. The development of gene therapy based on the elucidation of disease-modifying genes and early intervention in molecular pathology is expected to become an important therapeutic strategy in ALS.
Fully lignocellulose-based PET analogues for the circular economy
Authors: Wu Xianyuan , Galkin Maxim V. , Stern Tobias , Sun Zhuohua , Barta Katalin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate is one of the most abundantly used polymers, but also a significant pollutant in oceans. Due to growing environmental concerns, polyethylene terephthalate alternatives are highly sought after. Here we present readily recyclable polyethylene terephthalate analogues, made entirely from woody biomass. Central to the concept is a two-step noble metal free catalytic sequence (Cu20-PMO catalyzed reductive catalytic fractionation and Raney Ni mediated catalytic funneling) that allows for obtaining a single aliphatic diol 4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexan-1-ol in high isolated yield (11.7 wt% on lignin basis), as well as other product streams that are converted to fuels, achieving a total carbon yield of 29.5%. The diol 4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexan-1-ol is co-polymerized with methyl esters of terephthalic acid and furan dicarboxylic acid, both of which can be derived from the cellulose residues, to obtain polyesters with competitive Mw and thermal properties (Tg of 70–90 °C). The polymers show excellent chemical recyclability in methanol and are thus promising candidates for the circular economy.
Ion complexation waves emerge at the curved interfaces of layered minerals
Authors: Whittaker Michael L. , Ren David , Ophus Colin , Zhang Yugang , Waller Laura , Gilbert Benjamin , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVisualizing hydrated interfaces is of widespread interest across the physical sciences and is a particularly acute need for layered minerals, whose properties are governed by the structure of the electric double layer (EDL) where mineral and solution meet. Here, we show that cryo electron microscopy and tomography enable direct imaging of the EDL at montmorillonite interfaces in monovalent electrolytes with ångstrom resolution over micron length scales. A learning-based multiple-scattering reconstruction method for cryo electron tomography reveals ions bound asymmetrically on opposite sides of curved, exfoliated layers. We observe conserved ion-density asymmetry across stacks of interacting layers in cryo electron microscopy that is associated with configurations of inner- and outer-sphere ion-water-mineral complexes that we term complexation waves. Coherent X-ray scattering confirms that complexation waves propagate at room-temperature via a competition between ion dehydration and charge interactions that are coupled across opposing sides of a layer, driving dynamic transitions between stacked and aggregated states via layer exfoliation.
Hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6 for significantly improved efficiency of lead-free inorganic double perovskite solar cell
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Sun Qingde , Lu Yue , Lu Feng , Mu Xulin , Wei Su-Huai , Sui Manling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevelopment of lead-free inorganic perovskite material, such as Cs2AgBiBr6, is of great importance to solve the toxicity and stability issues of traditional lead halide perovskite solar cells. However, due to a wide bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 film, its light absorption ability is largely limited and the photoelectronic conversion efficiency is normally lower than 4.23%. In this text, by using a hydrogenation method, the bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 films could be tunable from 2.18 eV to 1.64 eV. At the same time, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of hydrogenated Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite solar cell has been improved up to 6.37% with good environmental stability. Further investigations confirmed that the interstitial doping of atomic hydrogen in Cs2AgBiBr6 lattice could not only adjust its valence and conduction band energy levels, but also optimize the carrier mobility and carrier lifetime. All these works provide an insightful strategy to fabricate high performance lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells.
NUP62 localizes to ALS/FTLD pathological assemblies and contributes to TDP-43 insolubility
Authors: Gleixner Amanda M. , Verdone Brandie Morris , Otte Charlton G. , Anderson Eric N. , Ramesh Nandini , Shapiro Olivia R. , Gale Jenna R. , Mauna Jocelyn C. , Mann Jacob R. , Copley Katie E. , Daley Elizabeth L. , Ortega Juan A. , Cicardi Maria Elena , Kiskinis Evangelos , Kofler Julia , Pandey Udai B. , Trotti Davide , Donnelly Christopher J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in theC9orf72gene is the most common genetic cause of ALS and FTLD (C9-ALS/FTLD) with cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions observed in regions of neurodegeneration. The accumulation of repetitive RNAs and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) are two proposed mechanisms of toxicity in C9-ALS/FTLD and linked to impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is regulated by the phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporins (FG nups) that comprise the nuclear pore complex (NPC) permeability barrier. However, the relationship between FG nups and TDP-43 pathology remains elusive. Our studies show that nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic mislocalization of one FG nup, NUP62, is linked to TDP-43 mislocalization in C9-ALS/FTLD iPSC neurons. Poly-glycine arginine (GR) DPR accumulation initiates the formation of cytoplasmic RNA granules that recruit NUP62 and TDP-43. Cytoplasmic NUP62 and TDP-43 interactions promotes their insolubility and NUP62:TDP-43 inclusions are frequently found in C9orf72 ALS/FTLD as well as sporadic ALS/FTLD postmortem CNS tissue. Our findings indicate NUP62 cytoplasmic mislocalization contributes to TDP-43 proteinopathy in ALS/FTLD.
Triiodothyronine (T3) promotes brown fat hyperplasia via thyroid hormone receptor α mediated adipocyte progenitor cell proliferation
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Shen Siyi , Yan Ying , Sun Chao , Lu Zhiqiang , Feng Hua , Ma Yiruo , Tang Zhili , Yu Jing , Wu Yuting , Gereben Balázs , Mohácsik Petra , Fekete Csaba , Feng Xiaoyun , Yuan Feixiang , Guo Feifan , Hu Cheng , Shao Mengle , Gao Xin , Zhao Lin , Li Yuying , Jiang Jingjing , Ying Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe thyroid hormone (TH)-controlled recruitment process of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is not fully understood. Here, we show that long-term treatment of T3, the active form of TH, increases the recruitment of thermogenic capacity in interscapular BAT of male mice through hyperplasia by promoting the TH receptor α-mediated adipocyte progenitor cell proliferation. Our single-cell analysis reveals the heterogeneous nature and hierarchical trajectory within adipocyte progenitor cells of interscapular BAT. Further analyses suggest that T3 facilitates cell state transition from a more stem-like state towards a more committed adipogenic state and promotes cell cycle progression towards a mitotic state in adipocyte progenitor cells, through mechanisms involving the action of Myc on glycolysis. Our findings elucidate the mechanisms underlying the TH action in adipocyte progenitors residing in BAT and provide a framework for better understanding of the TH effects on hyperplastic growth and adaptive thermogenesis in BAT depot at a single-cell level.
Wild bees respond differently to sampling traps with vanes of different colors and light reflectivity in a livestock pasture ecosystem
Authors: Acharya Roshani S. , Burke Joan M. , Leslie Timothy , Loftin Kelly , Joshi Neelendra K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWild bees are important pollinators and monitoring their abundance and diversity is necessary to develop conservation protocols. It is imperative to understand differences in sampling efficiency among different trap types to help guide monitoring efforts. This study used a new vane trap design to collect bees in a livestock pasture ecosystem and examined the impact of six different vane colors on wild bee sampling. We recorded 2230 bees comprising 49 species and five families. The most abundant species were Augochlorella aurata (25.8%), Lasioglossum disparile (18.3%), Lasioglossum imitatum (10.85%), Agapostemon texanus (10.8%), Melissodes vernoniae (9.9%) and Halictus ligatus (4.7%). Traps with bright blue vanes captured the greatest number and diversity of bees as compared to traps with bright yellow, dark blue, dark yellow, and purple vanes. Red vanes had the lowest captures rates of individuals and species. Different colors were associated with different bee species arrays and only nine species were found in all vane color types. Vanes with higher light reflectance properties (within 400–600 nm range) attracted the greatest number of bees. These results show that different light wavelengths and reflectivity of vane traps influence bee capture rates, and such findings can help optimize bee sampling methods in different ecosystems.
Moraines in the Austrian Alps record repeated phases of glacier stabilization through the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene
Authors: Braumann Sandra M. , Schaefer Joerg M. , Neuhuber Stephanie , Fiebig Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate is currently warming due to anthropogenic impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. To better understand the processes and feedbacks within the climate system that underlie this accelerating warming trend, it is useful to examine past periods of abrupt climate change that were driven by natural forcings. Glaciers provide an excellent natural laboratory for reconstructing the climate of the past as they respond sensitively to climate oscillations. Therefore, we study glacier systems and their behavior during the transition from colder to warmer climate phases, focusing on the period between 15 and 10 ka. Using a combination of geomorphological mapping and beryllium-10 surface exposure dating, we reconstruct ice extents in two glaciated valleys of the Silvretta Massif in the Austrian Alps. The mountain glacier record shows that general deglaciation after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was repeatedly interrupted by glacier stabilization or readvance, perhaps during the Oldest Dryas to Bølling transition (landform age: 14.4 ± 1.0 ka) and certainly during the Younger Dryas (YD; 12.9–11.7 ka) and the Early Holocene (EH; 12–10 ka). The oldest landform age indicates a lateral ice margin that postdates the ‘Gschnitz’ stadial (ca. 17–16 ka) and predates the YD. It shows that local inner-alpine glaciers were more extensive until the onset of the Bølling warm phase (ca. 14.6 ka), or possibly even into the Bølling than during the subsequent YD. The second age group, ca. 80 m below the (pre-)Bølling ice margin, indicates glacier extents during the YD cold phase and captures the spatial and temporal fine structure of glacier retreat during this period. The ice surface lowered approximately 50–60 m through the YD, which is indicative of milder climate conditions at the end of the YD compared to its beginning. Finally, the third age group falls into a period of more substantial warming, the YD–EH transition, and shows discontinuous glacier retreat during the glacial to interglacial transition. The new geochronologies synthesized with pre-existing moraine records from the Silvretta Massif evidence multiple cold phases that punctuated the general post-LGM warming trend and illustrate the sensitive response of Silvretta glaciers to abrupt climate oscillations in the past.
Integrative analysis to explore the biological association between environmental skin diseases and ambient particulate matter
Authors: Kim Hyun Soo , Na Hye-Won , Jang Yujin , Kim Su Ji , Kee Nam Gook , Shin Dong Yeop , Choi Hyunjung , Kim Hyoung-June , Seo Young Rok 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough numerous experimental studies have suggested a significant association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and respiratory damage, the etiological relationship between ambient PM and environmental skin diseases is not clearly understood. Here, we aimed to explore the association between PM and skin diseases through biological big data analysis. Differential gene expression profiles associated with PM and environmental skin diseases were retrieved from public genome databases. The co-expression among them was analyzed using a text-mining-based network analysis software. Activation/inhibition patterns from RNA-sequencing data performed with PM2.5-treated normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were overlapped to select key regulators of the analyzed pathways. We explored the adverse effects of PM on the skin and attempted to elucidate their relationships using public genome data. We found that changes in upstream regulators and inflammatory signaling networks mediated by MMP-1, MMP-9, PLAU, S100A9, IL-6, and S100A8 were predicted as the key pathways underlying PM-induced skin diseases. Our integrative approach using a literature-based co-expression analysis and experimental validation not only improves the reliability of prediction but also provides assistance to clarify underlying mechanisms of ambient PM-induced dermal toxicity that can be applied to screen the relationship between other chemicals and adverse effects.