bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies and Applications of Big Data and AI Technologies in Nuclear Power Public Opinion Prevention and Control System
Authors: Liang Yun , Zhang Shaolin , Liu Shangyuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For the aim of responding to the climate change, countries around the world have successively unveiled policies to reduce carbon emissions, such as the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals in China and restarting of nuclear power plants in France. As a kind of clean energy, nuclear energy plays a key role in the process of carbon neutrality. However, due to the particularity and the limited communication channels for the public to access nuclear power fields, the group is often influenced by negative feedback during the promotion of nuclear power projects, which obstructs the development of projects. Hereon, keeping abreast of public opinion information and making correct guidance in communications has become an important link in promoting a virtuous circle of the nuclear industry.
This paper studies the framing principle of the nuclear power public opinion prevention and control system, the construction strategy of each module and the application of new technologies, which could realize wide-range collection of public opinions, real-time monitoring, simulation sorting out context of events based on hot words, correcting simulation deviations by the system based on machine learning results, also, providing early warning of in-time monitoring results. The findings of this research organically integrate the new public opinion prevention and control technology with public communication, which is an exploration of the application of new information technology in the field of public communication.
Oxidation Behaviour of CZ Alloys Under High Temperature Steam
Authors: Chen Minli , Gao Changyuan , Zhang Guoliang , Shi Lin , Chen Liutao , Tan Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
CZ Alloys, including CZ1 and CZ2, are new advanced zirconium alloys developed by China General Nuclear Power Group. This paper presents the oxidation behaviour of CZ Alloys and Zircaloy-4 in flowing steam. A SETSYS Evolution TGA (ThermoGravimetric Analyzer) is used for the high temperature testing. The weight gain of specimens was measured real time in the temperature range of 800∼1200 °C for 3000∼5000s. The hydrogen content after oxidation at 1000 °C was measured. CZ1 (Zr-Sn-Nb alloy), CZ2 (Zr-Nb alloy) and Zircaloy-4 (Zr-Sn alloy) claddings which contain different types of alloying elements have similar oxidation behaviour at above 1100°C but show significant difference at lower temperatures. The weight gain of CZ Alloys are compared with high-temperature oxidation parabolic rate laws of fuel cladding materials which have been used in many LOCA analyses, the Baker-Just equation and the Carthcart-Pawel equation. The results show that the Baker-Just equation is conservative for CZ Alloys and the Carthcart-Pawel equation is more accurate at above 1100°C. The oxidation rate constant and the rate exponent are calculated at each temperature by non-linear fittings.
Application Research on Human Reliability Analysis Method of Class A Human Action of China Fast Reactor
Authors: Niu Jingjuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
According to the current situation of human reliability analysis of China fast reactor, combined with the operation experience of China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR), this study not only identifies the method of important personnel actions, but also standardizes the technical process of human reliability analysis. Compared four kinds methods of human reliability analysis, finally, the ASEP method is choose for CLASS A, According to the mathematical model of this methods, the calculation code for system analysis is developed using Visual Basic language. Based the standardization of the technical process, the code using examples for CLASS A are provided, finally the standard technical documentation of HRA is edited. Based on the results of the calculation analysis, some recommendations are provided for systems design, man-machine interface design, regulation design and training program. The above is only an example. In the future, it is necessary to analyze more human actions of CLASS C, so as to give suggestions on the impact of human factors in various fields. To achieve the goal of minimize the impact of CLASS C human actions on the design and application of the whole project.
The Research of Corrosion Resistance of CZ2 Zirconium Alloy Welding Specimens
Authors: Xu Yang , Chen Liu-Tao , Gao Chang-Yuan , Tan Jun , Shi Lin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Zirconium alloys are one of the main cladding materials in pressurized water reactors. Corrosion resistance of zirconium alloy cladding weld is one of the most important factor affecting fuel integrity. CZ zirconium alloys have been recently developed for advanced PWR fuel assemblies which are designed by China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN). There are two kinds of zirconium alloys, designated as CZ1 and CZ2 respectively. CZ1 is Zr-Sn-Nb alloy, and CZ2 is Zr-Nb alloy. In this paper, the autoclave corrosion test of CZ2 zirconium alloy welded specimen was executed. Then, the corrosion resistance of CZ2 zirconium alloy welding specimens was evaluated by analyzing the the appearance, corrosion weight gain and oxide film thickness. The result shows that corrosion resistance trend of combination of CZ2 and CZ2, CZ2 and Zr-4 welding specimens is basically the same under the conditions of 360 °C /18.6 MPa deionized water and 400 °C /10.3 MPa superheated steam. There was no obvious difference due to different hydro-chemistry. The corrosion resistance of CZ2 and Zr-4 welding specimens is better than that of CZ2 and CZ2 welding specimens. Therefore, the use of Zr-4 end plug material can reduce the sensitivity of CZ2 alloy to heat effect and improve the corrosion resistance of CZ2 alloy cladding.
Hydrogen Loading System for Thin Films for Betavoltaics
Authors: Cheu Darrell , Adams Thomas , Revankar Shripad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Betavoltaics are direct conversion energy devices that are ideal for low, micropower and long-lasting, uninterruptable applications. Betavoltaics operate similarly to photovoltaics where a radioisotope irradiates beta particles into a semiconductor p-n junction that converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy. Betavoltaics are limited by their power output from the radioiso-tope. The source density can be increased by the selection of solid-state substrates. While solid-state substrates can be selected from simulations, the viability of the substrate to absorb tritium has to evaluated. The development of a hydrogen loading system was performed to evaluate different film types to understand how they perform during the hydrogen/tritium loading process. The hydrogen loading system utilizes the Sievert method, where the initial pressure and volume is constant and pressure drop in the system is used to determine hydrogen uptake of a film substrate. The procedures of the hydrogen loading system are detailed. To test the procedures of the hydrogen loading system, old, palladium films were loaded. Results show uptake of hydrogen by the thin palladium films, as well as cycles of hydrogen absorption and desorption. Hydrogen loading of palladium was compared to a prior result and was shown to have similar results.
A Study on Removal Mechanisms of Cesium Aerosol From Noble Gas Bubble in Sodium Pool (III) Measurement of Decontamination Factors in Water Simulation Test
Authors: Koie Ryusuke , Kawaguchi Munemichi , Miyahara Shinya , Uno Masayoshi , Seino Hiroshi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In a postulated accident of fuel pin failure of a sodium-cooled fast reactor, a fission product of cesium will be released from the failed pin as an aerosol such as cesium iodide and/or cesium oxide together with a fission product noble gas such as xenon and krypton. The xenon and krypton released with the cesium aerosols into the sodium coolant as bubbles have an influence on the removal of cesium aerosols by the sodium pool in a period of bubble rising to the sodium pool surface. Then, the cesium aerosols could transfer into the containment vessel as an initial inventory of a source term. To meet this target, we have developed the computer program AESOP that deals with the expansion and the deformation of the bubble together with the aerosol absorption and researched the sensitivities of the physical parameters on decontamination factor (DF) of cesium aerosols such as the initial bubble diameter, sodium pool depth, and temperature, aerosol particle diameter, and density, initial aerosol concentration in the bubble in previous our papers.
In this study, we performed a water simulation test to measure the DFs of simulant aerosols with nitrogen gas bubbles rising through the water pool for the code validation. The experiments revealed that the DFs increased with the increase in the aerosol diameter and the water pool depth.
Relevant Parameters Influencing the Labile Contamination and the Removal Factor
Authors: Agullo Pierrick , Gossard Alban , Ranchoux Gilles , Petitot Fabrice , Porcheron Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Several nuclear facilities are currently dismantling in France, namely on CEA’s and EDF’s sites. The whole decommissioning and dismantling, cutting operations and nuclear waste management can significantly affect worker risks. In this context, this work aims to better assess the internal exposure risks for operations where removal factor and airborne release factor play an essential part in the uncertainties. For that purpose, developing a new method for assessing the risk of internal exposure is necessary to optimize the choice of Personal Protective Equipment during nuclear dismantling.
Based on a bibliographic study and feedback, we identified most of the forces and parameters that influence labile contamination removal and resuspension. Their high number forced us to highlight the most relevant ones regarding data from the bibliography and worksite reality. Thus, the role of the drying temperature, relative humidity, roughness of the contaminated surface and the swiping pressure were particularly studied on the assessment of the labile contamination and the removal factor. For that, we performed successive wiping operations with cotton wipes on surface on which a simulated labile contamination was deposited to estimate the influence of different parameters on the total labile contamination and the removal factor. Particularly, we noticed the consequences of roughness on these latter.
A Step Towards Rules to Identify Bounding Conditions in Terms of Fatigue Damage for NPP Operational Transients
Authors: Lv Feng , Zhou Zhengyu , Chen Zhilin , Liu Han , Zheng Zihao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mechanical components of nuclear power plant are subject to variations in temperature and pressure, which cause stress and ultimately induce fatigue damage. Usually, these variations, called operational transients, are well identified through the use of sensors and can be easily classified into design transients and associated to different reactor states and functional situations. However, a number of operational transients cannot be covered by the corresponding design transients due to temperature or pressure parameters exceeding the defined surveillance thresholds. In that case, an alternative is to find a more severe design transient to cover the operational transient, and then justify the existing design fatigue analysis remain valid. This process is today not existent in design standards and partially mentioned in standards such as RSE-M, yet it is critical for the safe operation of plants especially in the domain of Long Term Operation (LTO). In this paper, a set of mechanical criteria is developed to compare the severity between transients, which include four aspects: maximum stress state, minimum stress state, alternating stress intensity and fatigue damage. A three-dimensional rain flow method is used to identify extreme stress state and to detect multiaxial stress peak and valley. As an example, a typical nozzle is assumed to endure a non-classified operational transient. The envelope analysis for this transient classification is demonstrated and a design transient is selected to cover the operational transient. The numerical simulation results show that if a design transient and an operational transient satisfy the mechanical criteria strictly, then the operational transient can be bounded by the design transient. The proposed mechanical criteria are consistent with the requirements of the RCCM and RSE-M codes in term of preventing fatigue damage.
Potential Crud Related Margin Gains With Chromium Coated Zirconium Cladding
Authors: Byers William A. , Wang Guoqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The build-up of deposits (Crud) on fuel cladding can cause several issues for PWRs. The crud becomes activated and is transported to other locations in the RCS increasing radiation fields, it can collect boron causing power shifts (CIPS, Crud Induced Power Shifts) and if thick enough localized corrosion will be increased (CILC, Crud Induced Localized Corrosion). The application of a chromium coating to zirconium alloy cladding is being pursued to improve the corrosion performance of the cladding both during normal operation and in the event of accident conditions producing high cladding temperatures. The change will also influence the crud affinity of the cladding. The deposition of corrosion products from the ex-core portions of the plant will be altered. Also, corrosion of the cladding itself contributes to the crud burden in a PWR, and this factor will undoubtedly change with the application of a chromium coating. Changes in the surface texture produced by the coating will also influence crud deposition by changing boiling nucleation and thermal hydraulic factors.
This paper discusses how a change to chromium coated fuel cladding will likely affect crud deposition and will give the results of crud deposition testing of chromium coated cladding in the WALT loop.
3d Multi-Physics Numerical Coupling of Monte Carlo Neutronics and Thermal-Hydraulic for Solid Core
Authors: Yang Qing , Xia Jianhua , Liu Xiaojing , Pan Qingquan , He Hui , Zhang Tengfei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the refinement and authenticity of models in nuclear reactor design and safety analysis. In the numerical simulation of the reactor, both neutron and thermal-hydraulics have a great influence on the calculation results. At the same time, because the neutron energy spectrum and the power distribution of the reactor strongly depend on the thermal-hydraulic properties of the coolant, neutronic and thermal-hydraulic coupling (N/TH) allows for a more precise analysis of the reactor. In this paper, based on the Picard method, a set of implicit and high-precision neutronic and thermal-hydraulic coupling codes is developed, which connects the Monte Carlo code RMC (Reactor Monte Carlo code) and the computational fluid dynamics code STAR-CCM+, processes the files and data generated during the coupling process, and transfers them to thermal-hydraulic and neutron simulation. The accuracy and reliability of the coupling code developed in this paper are verified by comparing it with the calculation results of the single rod model of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). In this paper, a conceptual design of a lead-bismuth-cooled solid reactor is proposed, and an optimal design is obtained through the multidimensional and full-scale optimization of the reactor. Then the coupling code developed in this paper is used for coupling simulation to study its neutron and thermal-hydraulic properties under various transient conditions.
Associations Between Physical Activity and Gross Motor Skills in Parent–Child Dyads
Authors: Scott-Andrews Katherine Q. , Hasson Rebecca E. , Miller Alison L. , Templin Thomas J. , Robinson Leah E. 
Published: November 2022

This study examines the associations of physical activity and gross motor skills in parent–child dyads. Parent–child dyads (N = 61, 84% mothers, children aged 8–11 years) participated in this study. Anthropometrics were self-reported through Qualtrics. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers. Motor skills were measured through four skills: catch, kick, throw, and jump. These skills were assessed using process (i.e., performance criteria of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3) and product (i.e., catch percentage and jump distance) measures. A complete motor skill score was computed by standardizing both process and product scores and summing them. Correlation coefficients and ordinary least square regressions were computed to examine the associations of physical activity and motor skills. Parents’ and children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity were significantly associated (β = 0.30 ± 0.11; p = .008). Parents’ and children’s motor skills were significantly associated (β = 0.46 ± 0.18; p = .012). Understanding parent determinants can support effective interventions targeting children’s low physical activity levels and improving motor competence. Our results highlight the importance of parents’ physical activity and motor skills, which are significantly associated with those of their children. These parent factors may be a key consideration for effective family-based physical activity interventions.
Emplacement of the Franklin large igneous province and initiation of the Sturtian Snowball Earth
Authors: Pu Judy P. , Macdonald Francis A. , Schmitz Mark D. , Rainbird Robert H. , Bleeker Wouter , Peak Barra A. , Flowers Rebecca M. , Hoffman Paul F. , Rioux Matthew , Hamilton Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

During the Cryogenian (720 to 635 Ma ago) Snowball Earth glaciations, ice extended to sea level near the equator. The cause of this catastrophic failure of Earth’s thermostat has been unclear, but previous geochronology has suggested a rough coincidence of glacial onset with one of the largest magmatic episodes in the geological record, the Franklin large igneous province. U-Pb geochronology on zircon and baddeleyite from sills associated with the paleo-equatorial Franklin large igneous province in Arctic Canada record rapid emplacement between 719.86 ± 0.21 and 718.61 ± 0.30 Ma ago, 0.9 to 1.6 Ma before the onset of widespread glaciation. Geologic observations and (U-Th)/He dates on Franklin sills are compatible with major post–Franklin exhumation, possibly due to development of mafic volcanic highlands on windward equatorial Laurentia and increased global weatherability. After a transient magmatic CO
2
flux, long-term carbon sequestration associated with increased weatherability could have nudged Earth over the threshold for runaway ice-albedo feedback.
Assessing the impact of the phase-out measures during COVID-19 pandemic, using regression models: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Pardo Maria Carmen , Pérez Teresa 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of different phase-out measures approved by several European governments.DesignThis is a longitudinal observational study.SettingsEuropean countries, from 20 February 2020 to 11 May 2020.ParticipantsAll European countries that implemented at least one phase-out measure dictated by governments, during the follow-up period.Main outcomeNew COVID-19 cases, analysed as daily rate by countries.MethodsWe compared the observed versus the predicted rates of new confirmed cases, hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and deaths by regions in Spain, to assess the accuracy of the proposed generalised estimating equations and hurdle models. Based on these models, we defined and calculated two indices to quantify the impact of the phase-out measures approved in several European countries.ResultsAfter 2-month follow-up, we confirmed the good performance of these models for the prediction of the incidence of new confirmed cases, hospital admission, ICU admission and death in a 7-day window. We found that certain phase-out measures implemented in Italy, Spain and Denmark showed moderate impact in daily new confirmed cases. Due to these different phase-out measures, in Italy, the estimated increment of new confirmed cases per 100 000 inhabitants was 4.61, 95% CI (4.42 to 4.80), in Spain 2.58, 95% CI (2.54 to 2.62) and in Denmark 2.55, 95% CI (2.40 to 2.69). Other significant measures applied in other countries had no impact.ConclusionThe two indices proposed can be used to quantify the impact of the phase-out measures and to help other countries to make the best decision. Monitoring these phase-out measures over time can minimise the negative effects on citizens.
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Northern Sri Lanka: a study protocol for a cross-sectional household survey
Authors: Kanesamoorthy Shribavan , Sheron Vethanayagam Antony , Uruthirakumar Powsiga , Kodippily Chamira , Kumarendran Balachandran , Gooden Tiffany E , Thomas Graham Neil , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Lip Gregory Y H , Guruparan Mahesan , Haniffa Rashan , Surenthirakumaran Rajendra , Beane Abi , Subaschandran Kumaran 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia globally. It is associated with a fivefold risk in stroke, but early diagnosis and effective treatment can reduce this risk. AF is often underdiagnosed, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) where screening for AF is not always feasible or considered common practice in primary care settings. Epidemiological data on AF in LMICs is often incomplete particularly in vulnerable populations. This LMIC research collaborative aims to identify the prevalence of AF in the Northern Sri Lankan community.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional household survey piloted and codesigned through a series of community engagement events will be administered in all five districts in Northern Province, Sri Lanka. A multistage cluster sampling approach will be used starting at district level, then the Divisional Secretariats followed by Grama Niladhari divisions. Twenty households will be selected from each cluster. The study aims to recruit 10 000 participants aged 50 years or older, 1 participant per household. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, well-being and lifestyle and anthropometric measurements will be collected using a digital data platform (REDCap, Research Electronic Data Capture) by trained data collectors. Participants will be screened for AF using a fingertip single-lead ECG via a smartphone application (AliveCor) with rhythm strips reviewed by a consultant cardiologist. Prevalence of AF and risk factors will be established at province and district-levels. Adjusted ORs and population attributable fractions for AF risk factors will be determined.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Faculty of Medicine at University of Jaffna. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at conferences. The findings will enable early treatment for new AF diagnoses and inform interventions to improve community-based management of AF in LMICs.