bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesson Planning for Skills-Based Health Education
Authors: Alperin Holly , Benes Sarah 
Published: May 2022

Lesson Planning for Skills-Based Elementary Health Education is a highly practical resource for elementary health educators or general classroom teachers looking for innovative, tried-and-true ways to implement health education.
The text offers effective skills-based learning activities, lessons, units, and assessments for your classroom that you can use as they are or with modifications to meet the needs of your students. You can use this text to build a completely new curriculum or to supplement your existing curriculum, providing a smooth transition from a content-based approach to a skills-based approach. The authors explain the rationale and foundation for making that transition, putting the lesson plans, activities, and assessments into context as you learn how to implement a skills-based approach.
The 130 lessons and activities in Lesson Planning for Skills-Based Elementary Health Education have been
• created by the authors and experienced teachers broadly recognized for their expertise in skills-based health education;
• organized to map to the skills in the National Health Education Standards and align with a five-step skill-development model;
• designed to be adaptable to meet the needs of all students; and
• enhanced with student worksheets that are available in both English and Spanish.
Lesson Planning for Skills-Based Elementary Health Education is an ideal companion to The Essentials of Teaching Health Education, a foundational text by Benes and Alperin that presents teaching and assessment strategies for planning and implementing a skills-based approach to teaching health education. Together, these two books can help you effectively teach skills-based health education from day one.
Lesson Planning for Skills-Based Elementary Health Education offers a detailed, easy-to-use learning activity template and employs a teacher-friendly format that has been proven effective in the field.
The text is organized into two parts. Part I delves into key aspects of planning, implementing, and assessing a skills-based approach, offering you a strong foundation in the core concepts of the approach. Each of the part II chapters is devoted to a skill addressed in the National Health Education Standards, providing you with the following material:
• An overview of the skill
• Key considerations for teaching the skill
• A unit outline
• Assessments
• Lesson plans
• Learning activities
Lesson Planning for Skills-Based Elementary Health Education offers you all you need to put a skills-based approach into practice: the solid foundational information that explains the concepts and the resources, tools, and strategies to help you implement the lesson plans and activities that will aid your students in developing proficiency in the skills emphasized in the national standards.
AUDIENCE
Resource for elementary health education teachers and administrators. Supplemental text for undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in health education teaching methods.
Effects of neural mobilization on sciatic nerve excursion, symptoms, and regional function in individuals with nerve-related low back pain
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Ravilla , R Lokesh , Kanthanathan Subbiah , Aseer Antony Leo , Ramachandran Sivakumar 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionLow back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders andneural mobilization was usually rendered as a treatment for Nerve related low back pain (N-LBP). But warrants more support for its effectiveness and related outcomes. To find the effect of neural mobilization in improving nerve mobility and symptoms among individuals with N-LBP.MethodsAn experimental study was conducted in physiotherapy outpatient department with 23 subjects after obtaining written consent and were divided into two groups using simple random allocation as experimental (EG, <i>n</i> = 13) and control group (CG, <i>n</i> = 10). A standardized musculoskeletal evaluation was done prior to the treatment to quantify pain (numeric pain rating scale – NPRS), lumbar range (bubble inclinometer), sciatic nerve mobility (ultrasonogram – USG) and regional function (Oswestry Disability Index – ODI). Participants received therapy for pain modulation and spinal conditioning exercises with or without neural mobilization for 10 sessions spread over 3 weeks. The pre and post treatment data were analyzed using non parametric testing with significance (<i>p</i> < 0.05).ResultsBetween group analyses showed the following observation; pain intensity (<i>p</i> < 0.047), lumbar range (flexion – <i>p</i> < 0.555, extension – <i>p</i> < 0.294), nerve mobility (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and functional disability (ODI – <i>p</i> < 0.617), with significance only in pain intensity and nerve mobility among EG compared to CG. Within group analysis showed a statistical and clinical significance for all above variables post treatment in both the groups.ConclusionsNeural mobilization improves nerve mobility (sciatic nerve excursion) and symptom, can be rendered as a treatment in individuals with nerve related LBP.
Karst spring discharge modeling based on deep learning using spatially distributed input data
Authors: Wunsch Andreas , Liesch Tanja , Cinkus Guillaume , Ravbar Nataša , Chen Zhao , Mazzilli Naomi , Jourde Hervé , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Despite many existing approaches, modeling karst water resources remains challenging as conventional approaches usually heavily rely on distinct system knowledge. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), however, require only little prior knowledge to automatically establish an input–output relationship. For ANN modeling in karst, the temporal and spatial data availability is often an important constraint, as usually no or few climate stations are located within or near karst spring catchments. Hence, spatial coverage is often not satisfactory and can result in substantial uncertainties about the true conditions in the catchment, leading to lower model performance. To overcome these problems, we apply convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to simulate karst spring discharge and to directly learn from spatially distributed climate input data (combined 2D–1D CNNs). We investigate three karst spring catchments in the Alpine and Mediterranean region with different meteorological–hydrological characteristics and hydrodynamic system properties. We compare the proposed approach both to existing modeling studies in these regions and to our own 1D CNN models that are conventionally trained with climate station input data. Our results show that all the models are excellently suited to modeling karst spring discharge (NSE: 0.73–0.87, KGE: 0.63–0.86) and can compete with the simulation results of existing approaches in the respective areas. The 2D models show a better fit than the 1D models in two of three cases and automatically learn to focus on the relevant areas of the input domain. By performing a spatial input sensitivity analysis, we can further show their usefulness in localizing the position of karst catchments.
Enhancing English-Speaking Skills for Food and Beverage Services for Tourism Students Through A Collaborative Learning
Authors: I Gede Astawa  , I Ketut Ardiasa  
Published: May 2022

The collaborative learning approach has been widely used to improve the quality of learning in a variety of courses. This present study used the collaborative approach in English learning for the specific purpose of restaurant services. The research used a mixed-method. The research data were obtained from the result of pre-and post-performance tests, participant observation notes, and unstructured interview notes. There were 35 students involved as the sample and informants. The quantitative data obtained were calculated by using a t-test and the qualitative data obtained were analyzed using content analysis. The significance value (2-tailed) of the implementation of the pre-test and post-test was 0.000 (p < 0.05). Thus, the results of the pre-and post-test experienced a significant change. The students showed positive feedback toward the collaborative approach applied. Based on the findings, collaborative learning could enhance both students’ English-speaking skills and job-related skills.
On the dynamical behaviors and periodicity of difference equation of order three
Authors: ALSULAMİ Ibraheem , ELSAYED Elsayed 
Published: May 2022

The major target of our research paper is to demonstrate the boundedness, stability and periodicity of the solutions of the following third- order difference equation
$$
w_{n+1} = \alpha w_{n} +\frac {\beta+ \gamma w_{n_-2} }{\delta+\zeta w_{n-2}} , \;\;\;\; n = 0,1,2,\dots
$$
where $w_{-2}$, $w_{-1}$, and $w_{0} $ are arbitrary real numbers and the values $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, $\delta$, and $\zeta$ are defined as positive constants.
Enframing the Flesh
Authors: Bailey Jesse I. 
Published: May 2022

I argue that Heidegger’s account of technology as “enframing” is a helpful lens through which to understand the possible effects and dangers of transhumanism. Without resorting to nebulous concepts such as “dignity,” Heidegger’s analysis can help us understand how new technologies employed to modify the body, brain, and consciousness will enframe our own bodies and identities as something akin to “standing reserve.” Under transhumanism, the body is enframed as an external, technologically modifiable product. I indicate some of the problems that might arise when our own bodies no longer appear as central to our identity as embodied beings. Further, I argue that, by treating aspects of our own consciousness as technologically modifiable, we will be driven into a commodified and inauthentic relation to our identities. By examining the work of prominent transhumanists – including Brad Allenby, Daniel Sarewitz, and Andy Clark – I show how the threat that technology poses can be hidden when the essence of technology is not uncovered in a primordial way. I argue that by threatening to obscure death as a foundational possibility for Dasein, transhumanism poses the danger of hiding the need to develop a free and authentic relation to technology, Truth, and ultimately to Dasein itself.
Whom Would Animals Designate as “Persons”?
Authors: Oriel Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

Humans are animals; humans are machines. The current academic and popular dialogue on extending the personhood boundary to certain non-human animal species and at the same time to machines/robots reflects a dialectic about how “being human” is defined, about how we perceive our species and ourselves in relation to the environment. While both paths have the potential to improve lives, these improvements differ in substance and in consequence. One route has the potential to broaden the anthropocentric focus within the West and honor interdependence with life systems, while the other affords greater currency to a human-purpose-driven worldview–furthering an unchecked Anthropocene. The broadening of legal personhood rights to life systems is underway with a ruling for dolphins in India, for a river in New Zealand and with Laws of the Rights of Mother Earth in Bolivia. Many philosophers, ethicists, and ethologists define personhood within the confines of the dominant anthropocentric paradigm, yet alternate eco-centric paradigms offer an inclusive model that may help dismantle the artificial wall between humans and nature. In this paper, I explore these eco-centric paradigms and the implications of an associated worldview for human perceptions, self-awareness, communication, narrative, and research.
Superintelligence: Fears, Promises and Potentials
Authors: Goertzel Ben 
Published: May 2022

Oxford philosopher Nick Bostrom, in his recent and celebrated book Superintelligence, argues that advanced AI poses a potentially major existential risk to humanity, and that advanced AI development should be heavily regulated and perhaps even restricted to a small set of government-approved researchers. Bostrom’s ideas and arguments are reviewed and explored in detail, and compared with the thinking of three other current thinkers on the nature and implications of AI: Eliezer Yudkowsky of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute (formerly Singularity Institute for AI), and David Weinbaum (Weaver) and Viktoras Veitas of the Global Brain Institute.

Relevant portions of Yudkowsky’s book Rationality: From AI to Zombies are briefly reviewed, and it is found that nearly all the core ideas of Bostrom’s work appeared previously or concurrently in Yudkowsky’s thinking. However, Yudkowsky often presents these shared ideas in a more plain-spoken and extreme form, making clearer the essence of what is being claimed. For instance, the elitist strain of thinking that one sees in the background in Bostrom is plainly and openly articulated in Yudkowsky, with many of the same practical conclusions (e.g. that it may well be best if advanced AI is developed in secret by a small elite group).

Bostrom and Yudkowsky view intelligent systems through the lens of reinforcement learning – they view them as “reward-maximizers” and worry about what happens when a very powerful and intelligent reward-maximizer is paired with a goal system that gives rewards for achieving foolish goals like tiling the universe with paperclips. Weinbaum and Veitas’s recent paper “Open-Ended Intelligence” presents a starkly alternative perspective on intelligence, viewing it as centered not on reward maximization, but rather on complex self-organization and self-transcending development that occurs in close coupling with a complex environment that is also ongoingly self-organizing, in only partially knowable ways.

It is concluded that Bostrom and Yudkowsky’s arguments for existential risk have some logical foundation, but are often presented in an exaggerated way. For instance, formal arguments whose implication is that the “worst case scenarios” for advanced AI development are extremely dire, are often informally discussed as if they demonstrated the likelihood, rather than just the possibility, of highly negative outcomes. And potential dangers of reward-maximizing AI are taken as problems with AI in general, rather than just as problems of the reward-maximization paradigm as an approach to building superintelligence. If one views past, current, and future intelligence as “open-ended,” in the vernacular of Weaver and Veitas, the potential dangers no longer appear to loom so large, and one sees a future that is wide-open, complex and uncertain, just as it has always been.
Agential Risks
Authors: Torres Phil 
Published: May 2022

The greatest existential threats to humanity stem from increasingly powerful advanced technologies. Yet the “risk potential” of such tools can only be realized when coupled with a suitable agent who, through error or terror, could use the tool to bring about an existential catastrophe. While the existential risk literature has provided many accounts of how advanced technologies might be misused and abused to cause unprecedented harm, no scholar has yet explored the other half of the agent-tool coupling, namely the agent. This paper aims to correct this failure by offering a comprehensive overview of what we could call “agential riskology.” Only by studying the unique properties of different agential risk types can one acquire an accurate picture of the existential danger before us.
Forever and Again
Authors: Turchin Alexey 
Published: May 2022

This article explores theoretical conditions necessary for “quantum immortality” (QI) as well as its possible practical implications. It is demonstrated that QI is a particular case of “multiverse immortality” (MI), which is based on two main assumptions: the very large size of the universe (not necessarily because of quantum effects); and a copy-friendly theory of personal identity. It is shown that a popular objection about lowering of the world-share (measure) of an observer in the case of QI does not succeed, as the world-share decline could be compensated by merging timelines for the simpler minds, and because some types of personal preferences are not dependent on such changes. Despite large uncertainty about the truth of MI, it has appreciable practical consequences for some important outcomes like suicide and aging. The article demonstrates that MI could be used to significantly increase the expected subjective probability of success of risky life extension technologies, such as cryonics, but that it makes euthanasia impractical because of the risk of eternal suffering. Euthanasia should be replaced with cryothanasia, i.e. cryopreservation after voluntary death. Another possible application of MI is as a last chance to survive a global catastrophe. MI could be considered a Plan D for reaching immortality, where Plan A consists of survival until the development of beneficial Artificial Intelligence capable of fighting aging, Plan B employs cryonics, and Plan C is digital immortality.
Deskilling of Teaching and the Case for Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Hughes James 
Published: May 2022

This essay describes trends in the organization of work that have laid the groundwork for the adoption of interactive AI-driven instruction tools, and the technological innovations that will make intelligent tutoring systems truly competitive with human teachers. Since the origin of occupational specialization, the collection and transmission of knowledge have been tied to individual careers and job roles, specifically doctors, teachers, clergy, and lawyers, the paradigmatic knowledge professionals. But these roles have also been tied to texts and organizations that can disseminate knowledge independently from professionals. Professionals and organizations turn knowledge into texts and tools that enable lay people to access knowledge without the intermediation of professionals or organizations. In the 21st century, one emerging tool for transmitting knowledge is the intelligent tutoring system. This paper examines how technological, epistemic, and economic trends in education are supporting the routinization, proletarianization, and automation of the occupation of teaching, leading to the increasing substitution of intelligent tutoring systems for human instruction.
Some trends, such as standardized curricula and testing, both restrict teachers’ professional autonomy and facilitate the creation of pedagogical tools. Other trends reduce teachers’ ability to resist automation. The growth of adjunct teaching and paraprofessional roles in higher education allows organizations to take over and rationalize parts of the traditional teacher role. Faculty evaluations and learning outcomes assessment weaken professional claims to be the sole arbiters of instructional quality and student learning. The widespread use of intelligent tutoring systems also depends on the sophistication of software capable of performing the social-emotional and cognitive roles that educators perform. Eventually, pedagogical software will be able to interactively individualize curricula to the needs and interests of every learner, more cheaply, quickly, and accurately than any human teacher. Assessment of learning will be continuous, and certification of learning will be for specific skills instead of broad area competencies. Intelligent tutoring systems will help transition education from its medieval and industrial-era model to more accessible and flexible continuing education for employment and life enrichment.
Emerging Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Verma Anuj , Xu Mina L. 
Published: May 2022

Context.—Pathologists can greatly improve patient care and advance the understanding of disease progression by adeptly employing relevant biomarkers when diagnosing myeloid neoplasms. Although the molecular era has ushered in countless molecular biomarkers in this field, the necessary techniques can be expensive and time-consuming. Novel immunohistochemical biomarkers can help to quickly and inexpensively render the correct diagnosis and predict response to targeted therapies. Hence, it is critical to continue studying and using new and promising immunohistochemical tools for myeloid neoplasms in our current era.Objective.—To review the emerging biomarkers in myeloid neoplasms that can be identified by immunohistochemistry and to discuss their utility, staining patterns, and pitfalls.Data Sources.—We conducted a scientific literature search of articles related to either a novel immunohistochemical marker or a new utility of an already known marker to assess myeloid neoplasms in PubMed from 2016 to September 30, 2021. We curated relevant contributing studies from the references and subsequent citations of the original articles.Conclusions.—Immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool in analyzing biomarkers that play a significant role in the management of patients with myeloid neoplasms. We reviewed 5 immunohistochemical markers, namely, IDH1R132H, ERG, IRF8, GATA1, and NPM1. These markers, depending on the clinical scenario, can be diagnostic, predictive, and also prognostic. Immunohistochemistry also empowers us to evaluate these markers in archival samples, including pretreatment and posttreatment biopsies.
Development and Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Driven Vitamin D Protocol for a Cystic Fibrosis Clinic
Authors: Yett Elizabeth S. , Phan Ha , Mills Alex R. , Fleming Joshua W. , Majure Joseph M. , Malinowski Scott S. , Adcock Kim G. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
Vitamin D deficiency is commonly found in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and can have a negative effect on patients who are not at target goal according to Cystic Fibrosis Foundation's Vitamin D Deficiency Clinical Care Guidelines. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a pharmacist-driven vitamin D protocol (PDVDP) in improving, achieving, and maintaining 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of patients in a pediatric CF clinic.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted for pediatric patients with CF from August 2018 to March 2020 to determine the percent of patients with improvement in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to target goal (≥ 30 ng/mL). Patients' 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at 6, 12, and 18 months after automatic enrollment into the PDVDP were compared to determine if improvement occurred, and to calculate relative percent increase of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for these patients.

RESULTS
The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of the patients at baseline before the protocol and 6, 12, and 18 months after enrollment in the protocol were 23.2, 33.3, 32.7, and 34.6 ng/mL, respectively. These results demonstrate mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at all follow-up time points were significantly greater than baseline (p &lt; 0.001). At 6 months, 50% (n = 20) of pediatric patients reached the target 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.

CONCLUSIONS
The PDVDP was effective in increasing the number of patients able to reach target 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Our PDVDP process may also be used at other CF clinics to improve vitamin D outcomes collaboratively with the interprofessional CF team.