bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the brood and the queen on early gene expression in bumble bee workers' brains
Authors: Santos Priscila K. F. , Galbraith David A. , Starkey Jesse , Amsalem Etya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWorker reproduction in social insects is often regulated by the queen, but can be regulated by the brood and nestmates, who may use different mechanisms to induce the same outcomes in subordinates. Analysis of brain gene expression patterns in bumble bee workers (Bombus impatiens) in response to the presence of the queen, the brood, both or neither, identified 18 differentially expressed genes, 17 of them are regulated by the queen and none are regulated by the brood. Overall, brain gene expression differences in workers were driven by the queen’s presence, despite recent studies showing that brood reduces worker egg laying and provides context to the queen pheromones. The queen affected important regulators of reproduction and brood care across insects, such asneuroparsinandvitellogenin, and a comparison with similar datasets in the honey bee and the clonal raider ant revealed thatneuroparsinis differentially expressed in all species. These data emphasize the prominent role of the queen in regulating worker physiology and behavior. Genes that serve as key regulators of workers’ reproduction are likely to play an important role in the evolution of sociality.
On unsteady 3D bio-convection flow of viscoelastic nanofluid with radiative heat transfer inside a solar collector plate
Authors: Farooq Umar , Waqas Hassan , Shah Zahir , Kumam Poom , Deebani Wejdan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanoparticles are used in industrial and engineering by allowing for faster heat transfer rates in microchips, vehicle cooling, food processing, and nuclear reactors. This research aims to scrutinize the three-dimensional bioconvectional flow performances of viscoelastic nanofluids through a elongating sheet with motile microorganisms. Radiative impact and solutal boundary conditions are studied here. The impacts of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and bioconvection are also considered. By using suitable similarity transformations, the PDEs are converted into ODEs. The numerical and graphical results are calculated with the help of shooting scheme built-in function Bvp4c in computational tool MATLAB. The graphical and numerical importance of physical engineering parameters like local skin friction, local Nusselt, local Sherwood, and local motile microorganism numbers are discussed here. The thermal profile is enhanced for the higher estimations of the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter. The heat profile is boosted up for the increasing variations of the thermal radiation and the thermophoresis parameter. The energy profile is improved by increasing the estimations of solutal Biot number while declining for mixed convection parameter and unsteadiness parameter. The microorganism profile decays for Peclet and bioconvection Lewis number while rising for buoyancy ratio parameter and bioconvection Rayleigh number.
Novel volumetric imaging biomarkers for assessing disease activity in eyes with PCV
Authors: Vyas Chinmayi Himanshuroy , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Jordan-Yu Janice Marie N. , Shimizu Hitoshi , Tan Anna Cheng Sim , Sim Shaun Sebastian , Fenner Beau James , Akiba Masahiro , Chakravarthy Usha , Teo Kelvin Yi Chong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate influence of baseline imaging features on visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes with PCV treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy. In this prospective study we enrolled participants with treatment-naïve PCV who followed a treat-and-extend protocol using intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) monotherapy. Baseline clinical features evaluatedincluded best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), traditional features such as lesion size, fluid-related OCT parameters and novel parameters using automated software. This included quantitative and qualitative pigment epithelium detachment (PED) parameters [height, volume]; and choroidal parameters. [choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal volume (CV) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). We evaluated the predictive value of each parameter on visual and anatomical outcome at month 12. We additionally evaluated initial treatment response after 3 monthly injections with respect to month 12 outcomes. Fifty-two eyes from 52 participants were included in the study. The BCVA increased from 61.1 ± 13.2 to 69.6 ± 13.2 early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) letters (p < 0.01) and CRT reduced from 455.7 ± 182.4 µm to 272.7 ± 86.2 (p < 0.01) from baseline to month 12. The proportion of eyes with PED decreased significant from 100% at baseline to 80% at month 12 (p < 0.01). Reduction in the mean maximum height of PED (from 381.3 ± 236.3 µm to 206.8 vs ± 146.4 µm) and PED volume (from 1322 ± 853 nl to 686 ± 593 nl) (p < 0.01) was also noted from baseline to month12. Baseline features associated with better month 12 BCVA included baseline BCVA (β =  − 0.98, 95%CI − 3.38 to − 1.61, p = 0.02) and baseline CRT (β =  − 0.98, 95%CI − 1.56 to − 0.40, p = 0.04) while the disease activity at month12 was significantly associated with lower baseline CRT (366.0 ± 129.5 vs 612.0 ± 188.0 , p < 0.001), lower baseline PED height (242.0 ± 150.0 vs 542.0 ± 298.0 µm, p < 0.01), lower baseline PED volume (0.6 ± 0.3 mm3 vs 2.2 ± 1.3 mm3 vs, p < 0.01), lower proportion with marked CVH (17.9% vs 46.2%, p = 0.02) and lower mean CVI (61.8 ± 1.4 vs 63.0 ± 1.4, p < 0.02). Additionally, a larger decrease in CRT (per 100 nm) and larger PED volume reduction (per 100 nl) at month 3 from baseline were associated with greater BCVA gain and inactive disease. PED-related volumetric parameters have an additional predictive value to traditional biomarkers of disease activity in eyes with PCV undergoing anti-VEGF monotherapy. With increasingly precise quantification, PEDs can be a crucial biomarker in addition to traditional parameters and may aid in retreatment decisions.
Ultrahigh efficient spin orbit torque magnetization switching in fully sputtered topological insulator and ferromagnet multilayers
Authors: Fan Tuo , Khang Nguyen Huynh Duy , Nakano Soichiro , Hai Pham Nam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpin orbit torque (SOT) magnetization switching of ferromagnets with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy has a great potential for the next generation non-volatile magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM). It requires a high performance pure spin current source with a large spin Hall angle and high electrical conductivity, which can be fabricated by a mass production technique. In this work, we demonstrate ultrahigh efficient and robust SOT magnetization switching in fully sputtered BiSb topological insulator and perpendicularly magnetized Co/Pt multilayers. Despite fabricated by the magnetron sputtering instead of the laboratory molecular beam epitaxy, the topological insulator layer, BiSb, shows a large spin Hall angle of θSH = 10.7 and high electrical conductivity of σ = 1.5 × 105 Ω−1 m−1. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of BiSb topological insulator for implementation of ultralow power SOT-MRAM and other SOT-based spintronic devices.
Panel of human cell lines with human/mouse artificial chromosomes
Authors: Uno Narumi , Takata Shuta , Komoto Shinya , Miyamoto Hitomaru , Nakayama Yuji , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Mayuzumi Ryota , Miyazaki Natsumi , Hando Chiaki , Abe Satoshi , Sakuma Tetsushi , Yamamoto Takashi , Suzuki Teruhiko , Nakajima Yoshihiro , Oshimura Mitsuo , Tomizuka Kazuma , Kazuki Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman artificial chromosomes (HACs) and mouse artificial chromosomes (MACs) are non-integrating chromosomal gene delivery vectors for molecular biology research. Recently, microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) of HACs/MACs has been achieved in various human cells that include human immortalised mesenchymal stem cells (hiMSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the conventional strategy of gene introduction with HACs/MACs requires laborious and time-consuming stepwise isolation of clones for gene loading into HACs/MACs in donor cell lines (CHO and A9) and then transferring the HAC/MAC into cells via MMCT. To overcome these limitations and accelerate chromosome vector-based functional assays in human cells, we established various human cell lines (HEK293, HT1080, hiMSCs, and hiPSCs) with HACs/MACs that harbour a gene-loading site via MMCT. Model genes, such as tdTomato, TagBFP2, and ELuc, were introduced into these preprepared HAC/MAC-introduced cell lines via the Cre-loxP system or simultaneous insertion of multiple gene-loading vectors. The model genes on the HACs/MACs were stably expressed and the HACs/MACs were stably maintained in the cell lines. Thus, our strategy using this HAC/MAC-containing cell line panel has dramatically simplified and accelerated gene introduction via HACs/MACs.
Meso fracture characteristics of granite and instability evolution law of surrounding rock in deep cavern
Authors: Ao Yunhe , Sun Chuang , Jia Baoxin , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to analyze the influence of meso-structure and meso-parameters on deep granite characteristics, a construction method of variable radius proportional clump model was proposed with particle flow method. The clump particle flow structure was constructed which suited the mechanical characteristics of granite. The deep cavern numerical calculation model of gradual particle density was constructed using the variable radius proportional clump model construction method, and the macroscopic fracture law of deep cavern surrounding rock was analyzed. The results show that meso parameters have lower effects on the compressive and tensile ratios of particle structures in the ball and clump models. It is also found that clump structure is greatly influenced by particle proportion and size while ball model is only slightly influenced by particle size. Furthermore, the compressive and tensile strength curves and fracture modes of numerical simulations and laboratory tests are in good agreement. In addition, the calculated results of the tunnel after simulated excavation are very close to the engineering practice. There are obvious shear failure areas on the right vault and left wall of the tunnel, and the shape and depth of the fracture area are basically the same.
Monitoring the interactions between alpha-synuclein and Tau in vitro and in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation
Authors: Torres-Garcia Laura , P. Domingues Joana M. , Brandi Edoardo , Haikal Caroline , Mudannayake Janitha M. , Brás Inês C. , Gerhardt Ellen , Li Wen , Svanbergsson Alexander , Outeiro Tiago F. , Gouras Gunnar K. , Li Jia-Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are characterized by pathological accumulation and aggregation of different amyloidogenic proteins, α-synuclein (aSyn) in PD, and amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau in AD. Strikingly, few PD and AD patients’ brains exhibit pure pathology with most cases presenting mixed types of protein deposits in the brain. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a technique based on the complementation of two halves of a fluorescent protein, which allows direct visualization of protein–protein interactions. In the present study, we assessed the ability of aSyn and Tau to interact with each other. For in vitro evaluation, HEK293 and human neuroblastoma cells were used, while in vivo studies were performed by AAV6 injection in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of mice and rats. We observed that the co-expression of aSyn and Tau led to the emergence of fluorescence, reflecting the interaction of the proteins in cell lines, as well as in mouse and rat SNpc. Thus, our data indicates that aSyn and Tau are able to interact with each other in a biologically relevant context, and that the BiFC assay is an effective tool for studying aSyn-Tau interactions in vitro and in different rodent models in vivo.
Radiomics and machine learning for the diagnosis of pediatric cervical non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis
Authors: Al Bulushi Yarab , Saint-Martin Christine , Muthukrishnan Nikesh , Maleki Farhad , Reinhold Caroline , Forghani Reza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is an emerging infectious entity that often presents as lymphadenitis in the pediatric age group. Current practice involves invasive testing and excisional biopsy to diagnose NTM lymphadenitis. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of 249 lymph nodes selected from 143 CT scans of pediatric patients presenting with lymphadenopathy at the Montreal Children’s Hospital between 2005 and 2018. A Random Forest classifier was trained on the ten most discriminative features from a set of 1231 radiomic features. The model classifying nodes as pyogenic, NTM, reactive, or proliferative lymphadenopathy achieved an accuracy of 72%, a precision of 68%, and a recall of 70%. Between NTM and all other causes of lymphadenopathy, the model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 89%. Between NTM and pyogenic lymphadenitis, the model achieved an AUC of 90%. Between NTM and the reactive and proliferative lymphadenopathy groups, the model achieved an AUC of 93%. These results indicate that radiomics can achieve a high accuracy for classification of NTM lymphadenitis. Such a non-invasive highly accurate diagnostic approach has the potential to reduce the need for invasive procedures in the pediatric population.
Cranial muscle reconstructions quantify adaptation for high bite forces in Oviraptorosauria
Authors: Meade Luke E. , Ma Waisum 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOviraptorosaurians are an unusual and probably herbivorous group of theropod dinosaurs that evolved pneumatised crania with robust, toothless jaws, apparently adapted for producing a strong bite. Using 3D retrodeformed skull models of oviraptorid oviraptorosauriansCitipati,Khaan, andConchoraptor, along with the earliest diverging oviraptorosaurian,Incisivosaurus, we digitally reconstruct jaw adductor musculature and estimate bite force to investigate cranial function in each species. We model muscle length change during jaw opening to constrain optimal and maximum gape angles. Results demonstrate oviraptorids were capable of much stronger bite forces than herbivorous theropods among Ornithomimosauria and Therizinosauria, relative to body mass and absolutely. Increased bite forces in oviraptorid oviraptorosaurians compared to the earliest diverging oviraptorosaurian result from expanded muscular space and different cranial geometry, not changes in muscular arrangement. Estimated optimal and maximum possible gapes are much smaller than published estimates for carnivorous theropods, being more similar to the herbivorous therizinosaurian theropodErlikosaurusand modern birds. Restrictive gape and high bite force may represent adaptation towards exploiting tough vegetation, suggesting cranial function and dietary habits differed between oviraptorids and other herbivorous theropods. Differences in the relative strength of jaw adductor muscles between co-occurring oviraptorids may be a factor in niche partitioning, alongside body size.
Semi-in vitro detection of Mg2+-dependent DNase that specifically digest mitochondrial nucleoids in the zygote of Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Urakawa Naoki , Nakamura Satoru , Kishimoto Mariko , Moriyama Yohsuke , Kawano Shigeyuki , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Sasaki Narie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe maternal/uniparental inheritance of mitochondria is controlled by the selective elimination of paternal/uniparental mitochondria and digestion of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In isogamy, the selective digestion of mtDNA in uniparental mitochondria is initiated after mating and is completed prior to the elimination of mitochondria, but the molecular mechanism of the digestion of uniparental mtDNA remains unknown. In this study, we developed a semi-in vitro assay for DNase, wherein the digestion of mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids) was microscopically observed using isolated mitochondria from Physarum polycephalum and the DNase involved in uniparental inheritance was characterized. When myxamoebae of AI35 and DP246 are crossed, mtDNA and mt-nucleoid from only the DP246 parent are digested. The digestion of mt-nucleoids was observed in zygotes 3 h after plating for mating. During the digestion of mt-nucleoids, mitochondrial membrane integrity was maintained. In the semi-in vitro assay, the digestion of mt-nucleoids was only observed in the presence of Mg2+ at pH 7.5–9.0. Moreover, such Mg2+-dependent DNase activity was specifically detected in mitochondria isolated from zygotes 3 h after plating for mating. Therefore, Mg2+-dependent DNase is potentially involved in uniparental inheritance. Our findings provide insights into the DNase involved in uniparental inheritance and its regulatory mechanism.
The common limitations in auditory temporal processing for Mandarin Chinese and Japanese
Authors: Eguchi Hikaru , Ueda Kazuo , Remijn Gerard B. , Nakajima Yoshitaka , Takeichi Hiroshige 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present investigation focused on how temporal degradation affected intelligibility in two types of languages, i.e., a tonal language (Mandarin Chinese) and a non-tonal language (Japanese). The temporal resolution of common daily-life sentences spoken by native speakers was systematically degraded with mosaicking (mosaicising), in which the power of original speech in each of regularly spaced time-frequency unit was averaged and temporal fine structure was removed. The results showed very similar patterns of variations in intelligibility for these two languages over a wide range of temporal resolution, implying that temporal degradation crucially affected speech cues other than tonal cues in degraded speech without temporal fine structure. Specifically, the intelligibility of both languages maintained a ceiling up to about the 40-ms segment duration, then the performance gradually declined with increasing segment duration, and reached a floor at about the 150-ms segment duration or longer. The same limitations for the ceiling performance up to 40 ms appeared for the other method of degradation, i.e., local time-reversal, implying that a common temporal processing mechanism was related to the limitations. The general tendency fitted to a dual time-window model of speech processing, in which a short (~ 20–30 ms) and a long (~ 200 ms) time-window run in parallel.
Untargeted sequencing of circulating microRNAs in a healthy and diseased older population
Authors: Streese Lukas , Demougin Philippe , Iborra Paula , Kanitz Alexander , Deiseroth Arne , Kröpfl Julia M. , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno , Zavolan Mihaela , Hanssen Henner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe performed untargeted profiling of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in a well characterized cohort of older adults to verify associations of health and disease-related biomarkers with systemic miRNA expression. Differential expression analysis revealed 30 miRNAs that significantly differed between healthy active, healthy sedentary and sedentary cardiovascular risk patients. Increased expression of miRNAs miR-193b-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-885-3p, miR-193a-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-505-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR-885-5p, miR-23b-5b, miR-365a-3p, miR-365b-3p, miR-22-5p was associated with a higher metabolic risk profile, unfavourable macro- and microvascular health, lower physical activity (PA) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. Increased expression of miR-342-3p, miR-1-3p, miR-92b-5p, miR-454-3p, miR-190a-5p and miR-375-3p was associated with a lower metabolic risk profile, favourable macro- and microvascular health as well as higher PA and CRF. Of note, the first two principal components explained as much as 20% and 11% of the data variance. miRNAs and their potential target genes appear to mediate disease- and health-related physiological and pathophysiological adaptations that need to be validated and supported by further downstream analysis in future studies.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02796976 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796976).
Self-oscillating chemoelectrical interface of solution-gated ion-sensitive field-effect transistor based on Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction
Authors: Sakata Toshiya , Nishitani Shoichi , Yasuoka Yusuke , Himori Shogo , Homma Kenta , Masuda Tsukuru , Akimoto Aya Mizutani , Sawada Kazuaki , Yoshida Ryo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) self-oscillation reaction is an important chemical model to elucidate nonequilibrium chemistry in an open system. However, there are only a few studies on the electrical behavior of pH oscillation induced by the BZ reaction, although numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the mechanisms by which the BZ reaction interacts with redox reactions, which results in potential changes. Needless to say, the electrical characteristic of a self-oscillating polymer gel driven by the BZ reaction has not been clarified. On the other hand, a solution-gated ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) has a superior ability to detect ionic charges and includes capacitive membranes on the gate electrode. In this study, we carried out the electrical monitoring of self-oscillation behaviors at the chemoelectrical interface based on the BZ reaction using ISFET sensors, focusing on the pH oscillation and the electrical dynamics of the self-oscillating polymer brush. The pH oscillation induced by the BZ reaction is not only electrically observed using the ISFET sensor, the electrical signals of which results from the interfacial potential between the solution and the gate insulator, but also visualized using a large-scale and high-density ISFET sensor. Moreover, the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm)-based self-oscillating polymer brush with Ru(bpy)3 as a catalyst clearly shows a periodic electrical response based on the swelling–deswelling behavior caused by the BZ reaction on the gate insulator of the ISFET sensor. Thus, the elucidation of the electrical self-oscillation behaviors induced by the BZ reaction using the ISFET sensor provides a solution to the problems of nonequilibrium chemistry.
Risk identification of coal spontaneous combustion based on COWA modified G1 combination weighting cloud model
Authors: Su Guorui , Jia Baoshan , Wang Peng , Zhang Ru , Shen Zhuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo realize the scientific judgment of spontaneous combustion risk in the coal mine, the spontaneous combustion influence factors were analyzed from the three aspects of coal spontaneous combustion tendency, air leakage, and oxygen supply, heat storage and heat dissipation. And the basis for the evaluation of t spontaneous combustion grade was constructed. Combination ordered weighted averaging (COWA) calculation was introduced to optimizes G1 subjective weighting, and a COWA modified G1 combined weighting cloud model was proposed to identify the spontaneous combustion risk in the coal mine. Finally, the rationality of the model was verified with actual cases. The research results show that the spontaneous combustion risk level in the Lingquan coal mine is relatively safe, which is consistent with the actual situation. And the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal is the leading factor affecting spontaneous combustion risk.