bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving liver tumor image contrast and synthesizing novel tissue contrasts by adaptive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging fusion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yin Fang‐Fang , Lu Ke , Moore Brittany , Han Silu , Cai Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) renders rich and complementary anatomical and functional information, which is often utilized separately. This study aimed to propose an adaptive multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) fusion method, and examine its capability in improving tumor contrast and synthesizing novel tissue contrasts among liver cancer patients.MethodsAn adaptive mpMRI fusion method was developed with five components: image pre‐processing, fusion algorithm, database, adaptation rules, and fused MRI. The linear‐weighted summation algorithm was used for fusion. Weight‐driven and feature‐driven adaptations were designed for different applications. A clinical‐friendly graphic user interface (G was developed in Matlab and used for mpMRI fusion. Twelve liver cancer patients and a digital human phantom were included in the study. Synthesis of novel image contrast, and enhancement of image signal and contrast were examined in patient cases. Tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and liver signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) were evaluated and compared before and after mpMRI fusion.ResultsThe fusion platform was applicable in both XCAT phantom and patient cases. Novel image contrasts, including enhancement of soft‐tissue boundary, vertebral body, tumor, and composition of multiple image features in one image, were achieved. Tumor CNR improved from –1.70 ± 2.57 to 4.88 ± 2.28 (p < 0.0001) for T1‐weighted (T1‐w), from 3.39 ± 1.89 to 7.87 ± 3.47 (p < 0.01) for T2‐w, and from 1.42 ± 1.66 to 7.69 ± 3.54 (p < 0.001) for T2/T1‐w MRI. Liver SNR improved from 2.92 ± 2.39 to 9.96 ± 8.60 (p < 0.05) for diffusion‐weighted MRI. The coefficient of variation of tumor CNR lowered from 1.57, 0.56, and 1.17 to 0.47, 0.44, and 0.46 for T1‐w, T2‐w, and T2/T1‐w MRI, respectively.ConclusionA multiparametric MRI fusion method was proposed and a prototype was developed. The method showed potential in improving clinically relevant features, such as tumor contrast and liver signal. Synthesis of novel image contrasts, including the composition of multiple image features into a single image set, was achieved.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation synergizes the knockdown and toxicity of GABA‐gated chloride channel insecticides
Authors: Xie Na , Gross Aaron D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPest management requires continual identification of new physiological targets and strategies to control pests affecting agriculture and public/animal health. We propose the muscarinic system as a target for agrochemicals because of its physiological importance. Unlike the muscarinic system, gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors are an established insecticide target. Here, we investigated target‐site synergism using small molecule probes (agonist and antagonist) against the muscarinic system and their ability to enhance the toxicity of GABAergic insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen).RESULTSOral delivery of pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist) enhanced the toxicity of dieldrin, fipronil, and lindane, resulting in synergist ratios (SRs) between 4–32‐fold (orally delivered) or between 2–67‐fold when insecticides were topically applied. The synergism between pilocarpine and the GABA‐insecticides was greater than the synergism observed with atropine (muscarinic antagonist), and was greater, or comparable, to the synergism observed with the metabolic inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. In addition to lethality, pilocarpine increased the knockdown of lindane. The mechanism of synergism was also investigated in the central nervous system using extracellular electrophysiology, where pilocarpine (3 μmo/L) lowered the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of lindane from 1.3 (0.86–1.98) μmol/L to 0.17 (0.14–0.21) μmol/L and fipronil's IC50 from 2.2 (1.54–3.29) μmol/L to 0.56 (0.40–0.77) μmol/L.CONCLUSIONConvergence of the cellular function between the muscarinic and GABAergic systems enhanced the insecticidal activity of GABA receptor blocking insecticides through the modulation of the central nervous system (CNS). The future impact of the findings could be the reduction of the active ingredient needed in a formulation with the development of muscarinic synergists. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Metal‐Catalyzed Approaches for the Construction of Azepinones
Authors: Moradiya Riddhi B. , Morja Mayur I. , Chauhan Prakashsingh M. , Chikhalia Kishor H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe azepinone scaffolds are an important framework of pharmaceutically interesting compounds and many bioactive natural products. This review mainly focused on the metal‐catalyzed approaches towards the synthesis of azepinones (2001–2021). Mainly it covers cycloisomerization and metal carbenoid insertion. It also involves transformations through cycloaddition reactions, metathesis reactions, microwave reactions and direct C−H/C−C/C−N activation reactions. The applications, substrate scope, limitations and plausible mechanisms of these transformations have also been discussed.
Capture‐Transport Double Enhancement Strategy to Construct High‐efficiency Photo‐catalysts with p‐n Junction for Hydrogen Production under Visible‐light Irradiation
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Yu Minghui , Yu Hao , Wang Shuang , Cheng Yuye , Dou Minghao , Gong Xiaoyu , Li Zhiqiang , Shao Hongyu , Li Shenjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by photo‐hydrolysis is considered as an effective way to solve current energy and environmental problems. The preparation of photo‐catalysts with excellent activity is expected to promote the rapid development of photo‐catalytic hydrogen production research. A two‐step strategy is used to obtain a CdS‐based photo‐catalyst with enhanced photo‐hydrogen production efficiency by improving the electron transport efficiency and the intrinsic electric field to promote electron separation. The CdS/Ag2S/NiS nanocomposites were prepared by a two‐step method in this work. After characterization of the structure, optical properties and surface chemical state by XRD, EDS, XPS, TEM and UV‐vis, it is found that Under visible light exposure (λ=420 nm), when the ratio of NiS is 11 %, the sample got the highest hydrogen yield (3280 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1), which is 2.8 times of CdS/Ag2S material, and also showing good cycle stability. The improved catalytic efficiency can be attributed to two points: the introduction of Ag2S provides more electro‐chemical active sites and routes for nano‐materials; the introduction of NiS builds an internal electric field to promote the transmission and separation of optical electrons and holes, and improve aquatic hydrogen capacity.
Dynamic capabilities and governance: An empirical investigation of financial performance of the higher education sector
Authors: Heaton Sohvi , Teece David , Agronin Eugene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe postulate that resource allocation decisions consistent with dynamic capabilities can improve financial performance, but that governance moderates the relationship between resource allocation flexibility and financial performance. Using more than a decade of data on US public universities, we find that flexibility has much more impact when matched by lower levels of governance that allow greater expenditure autonomy for university executives and administrators.Managerial SummaryOrganizations are increasingly subject to conflicting demands imposed by their institutional environments. Given the importance of governance arrangements, we apply strategic management concepts to public universities and investigate the effect of external governance arrangements on university performance. We show that universities that reallocate resources more regularly are more likely to run larger budget surpluses. This is far more likely to be true at universities where external governance arrangements allow greater executive discretion.
Gaining Insight into the Electrochemical Interface Dynamics in an Organic Redox Flow Battery with a Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Yu Jia , Shukla Garima , Fornari Rocco Peter , Arcelus Oier , Shodiev Abbos , de Silva Piotr , Franco Alejandro A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFinding low‐cost and nontoxic redox couples for organic redox flow batteries is challenging due to unrevealed reaction mechanisms and side reactions. In this study, a 3D kinetic Monte Carlo model to study the electrode‐anolyte interface of a methyl viologen‐based organic redox flow battery is presented. This model captures various electrode processes, such as ionic displacement and degradation of active materials. The workflow consists of input parameters obtained from density functional theory calculations, a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the discharging process, and an electric double layer model to account for the electric field distribution near the electrode surface. Galvanostatic discharge is simulated at different anolyte concentrations and input current densities, which demonstrate that the model captured the formation of the electrical double layer due to ionic transport. The simulated electrochemical kinetics (potential, charge density) are found to be in agreement with the Nernst equation and the obtained EDL structure corresponded with published molecular dynamics results. The model's flexibility allows further applications of simulating the behavior of different redox couples and makes it possible to consider other molecular‐scale phenomena. This study paves the way for computational screening of active species by assessing their potential kinetics in electrochemical environments.
Space‐Confined One‐Step Growth of 2D MoO2/MoS2 Vertical Heterostructures for Superior Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Qinke , Luo Yuting , Xie Ruikuan , Nong Huiyu , Cai Zhengyang , Tang Lei , Tan Junyang , Feng Simin , Zhao Shilong , Yu Qiangmin , Lin Junhao , Chai Guoliang , Liu Bilu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2D material‐based heterostructures are constructed by stacking or spicing individual 2D layers to create an interface between them, which have exotic properties. Here, a new strategy for the in situ growth of large numbers of 2D heterostructures on the centimeter‐scale substrate is developed. In the method, large numbers of 2D MoS2, MoO2, or their heterostructures of MoO2/MoS2 are controllably grown in the same setup by simply tuning the gap distance between metal precursor and growth substrate, which changes the concentration of metal precursors feed. A lateral force microscope is used first to identify the locations of each material in the heterostructures, which have MoO2 on the top of MoS2. Noteworthy, the creation of a clean interface between atomic thin MoO2 (metallic) and MoS2 (semiconducting) results in a different electronic structure compared with pure MoO2 and MoS2. Theoretical calculations show that the charge redistribution at such an interface results in an improved HER performance on the MoO2/MoS2 heterostructures, showing an overpotential of 60 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1. This work reports a new strategy for the in situ growth of heterostructures on large‐scale substrates and provides platforms to exploit their applications.
Modified Starch in Composition with Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Basis for Development of the Polymeric Materials for Pharmaceutical Use
Authors: Ishchenko Olena , Plavan Viktoriia , Valeika Virgilijus , Koliada Maksym , Liashok Iryna , Budash Yurii , Bessarabov Volodymyr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main objectives of the present work are the study of the compositions from starch or modified (carboxymethylated) starch (CMS) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to develop films containing decamethoxine as transdermal therapeutic systems. The influence of the content of CMC in compositions with PVA and in films prepared from the compositions on their properties are investigated. The effect of the antiseptic drug decamethoxine on changes in the properties of films has been investigated. It is established that the compositions of polymers had a high degree of thixotropic recovery in contrast to their individual components. According to the Zellinger–Heidingsfeld criterion the polymers are incompatible for PVA/CMS compositions at mass ratios of 75:25. The content of decamethoxine in the films increases their sorption properties from 2% to 7% depending on the humidity of the medium. A stable release of decamethoxine from the PVA/СMS polymer film with ratios of 75:25 and 50:50 is observed. Microbiological studies of films based on PVA/CMS mixtures show no growth of fungi on the films. The results reveal the possibility of developing a polymer system by the solution‐casting method to develop films based on modified starch, PVA, and drugs for the manufacturing of effective pharmaceuticals.
Developing guidelines for pet rat housing through expert consultation
Authors: Neville Vikki , Hunter Kristina , Benato Livia , Mendl Michael , Paul Elizabeth S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPet care guidelines play an important role in ensuring that owners are well informed about good husbandry practices, allowing them to provide the best care for their animals. However, the development of such guidelines is difficult when there is little appropriate empirical evidence on which to base guidelines, as in the case of pet rats. The consultation of multiple experts can help to surmount this challenge.MethodsWe developed a set of guidelines for pet rat housing by consulting with a group of experts, including veterinarians, veterinary nurses, animal welfare scientists and experienced pet rat owners. The consultation involved two rounds of online surveys (n = 13) and one online discussion (n = 8).ResultsThe resulting guidelines cover a broad range of features within pet rat housing, including injury prevention, details of suitable refuges and substrates, and suitable cage sizing. The guidelines may evolve as more information about pet rats comes to light but may nonetheless provide a useful starting point for any future guidelines.ConclusionsAt present, these guidelines may not only be useful for pet rat owners and those advising pet rat owners, such as veterinarians, but may also be useful in the design of housing, including for laboratory rodents.
Generalised idiopathic polymyositis mimicking masticatory myositis in a dog
Authors: Troupel Thibaut , Van Caenegem Nicolas , Drougard Carole , Blanchard‐Gutton Nicolas , Blot Stéphane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMasticatory myositis (MM) and generalised idiopathic polymyositis (gIPM) are the most common immune‐mediated myositis in dogs. In humans, the diagnosis and classification of myositis have continuously evolved over the past few decades with the combination of histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation alongside the identification of myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs). In dogs, however, MSAs have only been described in MM and breeds such as Newfoundland and Boxer. We report a case of a dog that presented with sub‐acute pain when chewing and exophthalmos, followed by chronic progressive masticatory muscle atrophy and enophthalmos. Clinical signs and electromyography were primarily consistent with MM, but serological autoantibodies against type 2M myofibres were negative. Creatine kinase activity, histological and immunohistochemical examination of the temporal and triceps brachii muscles and negative infectious disease tests were consistent with gIPM. This atypical case highlights the requirement for multiple muscle biopsies and appeals for extended immunohistochemical studies in canine myositis.
Supercool composite Dark Matter beyond 100 TeV
Authors: Baldes Iason , Gouttenoire Yann , Sala Filippo , Servant Géraldine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Dark Matter could be a composite state of a confining sector with an approximate scale symmetry. We consider the case where the associated pseudo-Goldstone boson, the dilaton, mediates its interactions with the Standard Model. When the confining phase transition in the early universe is supercooled, its dynamics allows for Dark Matter masses up to 106 TeV. We derive the precise parameter space compatible with all experimental constraints, finding that this scenario can be tested partly by telescopes and entirely by gravitational waves.
Electroweak symmetry breaking and WIMP-FIMP dark matter
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhaditya , Chakraborti Sreemanti , Pradhan Dipankar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB) is known to produce a massive universe that we live in. However, it may also provide an important boundary for freeze-in or freeze-out of dark matter (DM) connected to Standard Model via Higgs portal as processes contributing to DM relic differ across the boundary. We explore such possibilities in a two-component DM framework, where a massive U(1)X gauge boson DM freezes-in and a scalar singlet DM freezes-out, that inherits the effect of EWSB for both the cases in a correlated way. Amongst different possibilities, we study two sample cases; first when one DM component freezes in and the other freezes out from thermal bath both necessarily before EWSB and the second, when both freeze-in and freeze-out occur after EWSB. We find some prominent distinctive features in the available parameter space of the model for these two cases, after addressing relic density and the recent most direct search constraints from XENON1T, some of which can be borrowed in a model independent way.
Vector boson pair production at one loop: analytic results for the process $$ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}\ell \overline{\ell}{\ell}^{\prime }{\overline{\ell}}^{\prime}\mathrm{g} $$
Authors: Campbell John M. , De Laurentis Giuseppe , Ellis R. Keith 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present compact analytic results for the one-loop amplitude for the process 0 → $$ q\overline{q}\ell \overline{\ell}{\ell}^{\prime }{\overline{\ell}}^{\prime }g $$
q

q
¯

ℓ

ℓ
¯

ℓ
′

ℓ
¯

′

g
, relevant for both the production of a pair of Z and W-bosons in association with a jet. We focus on the gauge-invariant contribution mediated by a loop of quarks. We explicitly include all effects of the loop-quark mass m, appropriate for the production of a pair of Z-bosons. In the limit m → 0, our results are also applicable to the production of W-boson pairs, mediated by a loop of massless quarks. Implemented in a numerical code, the results are fast. The calculation uses novel advancements in spinor-helicity simplification techniques, for the first time applied beyond five-point massless kinematics. We make use of primary decompositions from algebraic-geometry, which now involve non-radical ideals, and p-adic numbers from number theory. We show how to infer whether numerator polynomials belong to symbolic powers of non-radical ideals through numerical evaluations.
Zero-contact angle solutions to stochastic thin-film equations
Authors: Grün Günther , Klein Lorenz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe establish existence of nonnegative martingale solutions to stochastic thin-film equations with quadratic mobility for compactly supported initial data under Stratonovich noise. Based on so-called$$\alpha $$α-entropy estimates, we show that almost surely these solutions are classically differentiable in space almost everywhere in time and that their derivative attains the value zero at the boundary of the solution’s support. From a physics perspective, this means that they exhibit a zero-contact angle at the three-phase contact line between liquid, solid, and ambient fluid. These$$\alpha $$α-entropy estimates are first derived for almost surely strictly positive solutions to a family of stochastic thin-film equations augmented by second-order linear diffusion terms. Using Itô’s formula together with stopping time arguments, Jakubowski’s modification of the Skorokhod theorem, and martingale identification techniques, the passage to the limit of vanishing regularization terms gives the desired existence result.
An Improved Setting for Generalized Functions: Fine Ultrafunctions
Authors: Benci Vieri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltrafunctions are a particular class of functions defined on a Non Archimedean field $${\mathbb {E}}\supset {\mathbb {R}}$$

E
⊃
R

. They have been introduced and studied in some previous works (Benci, in Adv Nonlinear Stud 13:461–486, 2013; Benci and Luperi Baglini, in Electron J Differ Equ Conf 21:11–21, 2014; Benci et al., in Adv Nonlinear Anal 10. https://doi.org/10.1515/anona-2017-0225.2; Benci et al., in Adv. Nonlinear Anal 9, 2018). In this paper we develop the notion of fine ultrafunctions which improves the older definitions in many crucial points. Some applications are given to show how ultrafunctions can be applied in studing Partial Differential Equations. In particular, it is possible to prove the existence of ultrafunction solutions to ill posed evolution poblems.
A review on factors influencing mechanical properties of AlSi12 alloy processed by selective laser melting
Authors: Kekana Neo , Shongwe Mxolisi B. , Mpofu Khumbulani , Muvunzi Rumbidzai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
AlSi12 has a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance properties. As a result, it has potential for use in the automotive and aerospace industries. However, AlSi12 is difficult to process using conventional manufacturing technologies because of its characteristics of having high thermal conductivity and reflectivity and flowability is low. It is necessary to explore how emerging manufacturing technologies can be used to effectively process it. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers great design freedom. For the AM of metallic parts, several technologies are in use, including selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting, laser engineered net shaping, and cold spray additive manufacturing. Among these AM processes, SLM technology is a cutting-edge manufacturing technique that has the potential to change the way people think about design and production. SLM of AlSi12 alloy presents unique advantages in producing components with high strength and low weight while having increased design freedom. However, there is a need for more information on how SLM can be effectively used to manufacture AlSi12 parts in a way that reduces defects without compromising the mechanical properties. Thus, this paper aims to review the factors that influence the mechanical properties of AlSi12 alloy printed parts produced using SLM. This information is useful in determining the factors that can be considered for manufacturing parts with outstanding characteristics.
Cytokine alterations during paraneoplastic neutrophilia and leukemoid reaction in patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Zhang Xin-Wen , Wald Alexander , Salzmann Martin , Halama Niels , Hassel Jessica C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR) is a rare phenomenon in metastasized melanoma associated with poor prognosis and rapid disease progression. Currently, no specific therapeutic options exist other than treating the underlying malignancy.

Methods
Five cases of paraneoplastic neutrophilia in patients with advanced-stage IV melanoma were enrolled in our study. Cytokine concentrations in patients’ serum samples were analyzed before and during PLR using a multiplex cytokine array. Further, immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue biopsied during PLR was performed.

Results and conclusions
We observed a strong correlation between worsening of tumor burden and aggravation of neutrophilia. Cytokine measurements revealed an increase of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, IFNγ), proangiogenic cytokines (VEGF) and immune stem cell growth factors (G-CSF) during PLR. Immunohistochemistry confirmed neutrophil infiltration of tumor tissue. The presented cytokine alterations provide a basis for further functional analysis, which is necessary for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches against PLR.