bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations of AGN-driven Galactic Outflow Morphology and Content
Authors: Tanner Ryan , Weaver Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using a series of 3D relativistic hydrodynamical simulations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) we investigate how AGN power, a clumpy interstellar medium (ISM) structure, and AGN jet angle with respect to the galactic disk affect the morphology and content of the resulting galactic outflow. For low-power AGN across three orders of magnitude of AGN luminosities (1041–1043 erg s−1) our simulations did not show significant changes to either the morphology or total mass of the outflow. Changing the angle of the AGN jet with respect to the galaxy did show small changes in the total outflow mass of a factor of 2–3. Jets perpendicular to the galactic disk created hot single-phase outflows, while jets close to parallel with the disk created multiphase outflows with equal parts warm and hot, and significant cold gas. Overall the final morphology of low-power AGN outflows depends primarily on how the jet impacts and interacts with large, dense clouds in the clumpy ISM. These clouds can disrupt, deflect, split, or suppress the jet, preventing it from leaving the galactic disk as a coherent structure. But for simulations with AGN luminosities > 1044 erg s−1 the ISM played a minor role in determining the morphology of the outflow with an undisrupted jet leaving the disk. The final morphology of AGN outflows is different for low-power AGNs versus high-power AGNs with the final morphology of low-power AGN outflows dependent on the ISM structure within the first kiloparsec surrounding the AGN.
Physical Regimes of Two-dimensional MHD Turbulent Reconnection in Different Lundquist Numbers
Authors: Sun Haomin , Yang Yan , Lu Quanming , Lu San , Wan Minping , Wang Rongsheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using two-dimensional MHD simulations in different Lundquist numbers S, we investigate physical regimes of turbulent reconnection and the role of turbulence in enhancing the reconnection rate. Turbulence is externally injected into the system with varying strength. Externally driven turbulence contributes to the conversion of magnetic energy to kinetic energy flowing out of the reconnection site and thus enhances the reconnection rate. The plasmoids formed in high Lundquist numbers contribute to the fast reconnection rate, as well. Moreover, an analysis of the power of turbulence implies its possible association with the generation of plasmoids. Additionally, the presence of turbulence has great impact on the magnetic energy conversion and may be impactful also for the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in the magnetic reconnection process.
IQ Collaboratory. III. The Empirical Dust Attenuation Framework—Taking Hydrodynamical Simulations with a Grain of Dust
Authors: Hahn ChangHoon , Starkenburg Tjitske K. , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Choi Ena , Davé Romeel , Dickey Claire , Iyer Kartheik G. , Maller Ariyeh H. , Somerville Rachel S. , Tinker Jeremy L. , Yung L. Y. Aaron 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the empirical dust attenuation (EDA) framework—a flexible prescription for assigning realistic dust attenuation to simulated galaxies based on their physical properties. We use the EDA to forward model synthetic observations for three state-of-the-art large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulations: SIMBA, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE. We then compare the optical and UV color–magnitude relations, (g − r) − M

r
and (far-UV −near-UV) − M

r
, of the simulations to a M

r
< − 20 and UV complete Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy sample using likelihood-free inference. Without dust, none of the simulations match observations, as expected. With the EDA, however, we can reproduce the observed color–magnitude with all three simulations. Furthermore, the attenuation curves predicted by our dust prescription are in good agreement with the observed attenuation–slope relations and attenuation curves of star-forming galaxies. However, the EDA does not predict star-forming galaxies with low A

V
since simulated star-forming galaxies are intrinsically much brighter than observations. Additionally, the EDA provides, for the first time, predictions on the attenuation curves of quiescent galaxies, which are challenging to measure observationally. Simulated quiescent galaxies require shallower attenuation curves with lower amplitude than star-forming galaxies. The EDA, combined with forward modeling, provides an effective approach for shedding light on dust in galaxies and probing hydrodynamical simulations. This work also illustrates a major limitation in comparing galaxy formation models: by adjusting dust attenuation, simulations that predict significantly different galaxy populations can reproduce the same UV and optical observations.
ExoMiner: A Highly Accurate and Explainable Deep Learning Classifier That Validates 301 New Exoplanets
Authors: Valizadegan Hamed , Martinho Miguel J. S. , Wilkens Laurent S. , Jenkins Jon M. , Smith Jeffrey C. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Twicken Joseph D. , Gerum Pedro C. L. , Walia Nikash , Hausknecht Kaylie , Lubin Noa Y. , Bryson Stephen T. , Oza Nikunj C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) missions have generated over 100,000 potential transit signals that must be processed in order to create a catalog of planet candidates. During the past few years, there has been a growing interest in using machine learning to analyze these data in search of new exoplanets. Different from the existing machine learning works, ExoMiner, the proposed deep learning classifier in this work, mimics how domain experts examine diagnostic tests to vet a transit signal. ExoMiner is a highly accurate, explainable, and robust classifier that (1) allows us to validate 301 new exoplanets from the MAST Kepler Archive and (2) is general enough to be applied across missions such as the ongoing TESS mission. We perform an extensive experimental study to verify that ExoMiner is more reliable and accurate than the existing transit signal classifiers in terms of different classification and ranking metrics. For example, for a fixed precision value of 99%, ExoMiner retrieves 93.6% of all exoplanets in the test set (i.e., recall = 0.936), while this rate is 76.3% for the best existing classifier. Furthermore, the modular design of ExoMiner favors its explainability. We introduce a simple explainability framework that provides experts with feedback on why ExoMiner classifies a transit signal into a specific class label (e.g., planet candidate or not planet candidate).
Star Formation Properties of Sloan Digital Sky Survey BOSS Void Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
Authors: Jian Hung-Yu , Lin Lihwai , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Lin Kai-Yang , Umetsu Keiichi , Lopez-Coba Carlos , Koyama Yusei , Hsu Chin-Hao , Su Yung-Chau , Chang Yu-Yen , Kodama Tadayuki , Komiyama Yutaka , More Surhud , Nishizawa Atsushi J. , Oguri Masamune , Tanaka Ichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We utilize the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Wide Survey to explore the properties of galaxies located in the voids identified from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey up to z ∼ 0.7. The HSC reaches i ∼ 25, allowing us to characterize the void galaxies down to 109.2 solar mass. We find that the revised void galaxy densities, when including faint galaxies in voids defined by bright galaxies, are still underdense compared to the mean density from the entire field. In addition, we classify galaxies into star-forming, quiescent, and green valley populations, and find that void galaxies tend to have slightly higher fractions of star-forming galaxies under the mass and redshift control, although the significance of this result is only moderate (2σ). However, when we focus on the star-forming population, the distribution of the specific star formation rate (sSFR) of void galaxies shows little difference from that of the control galaxies. Similarly, the median sSFR of star-forming void galaxies is also in good agreement with that of the star-forming control galaxies. Moreover, the effective green valley fraction of void galaxies, defined as the number of green valley galaxies over the number of nonquiescent galaxies, is comparable to that of the control ones, supporting the suggestion that void and control galaxies evolve under similar physical processes and quenching frequencies. Our results thus favor a scenario of galaxy assembly bias.
Ultrahigh-energy γ-Rays from Past Explosions in Our Galaxy
Authors: Kar Alokananda , Gupta Nayantara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The discovery of the sources of ultrahigh-energy photons in our Galaxy by the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-ray Observatory and the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has revolutionized the field of gamma-ray astronomy in the last few years. These emissions are sometimes found in the vicinity of powerful pulsars or supernova remnants (SNRs) associated with giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Inverse Compton emission by shock-accelerated electrons emitted by pulsars and proton–proton interactions of shock-accelerated protons emitted by SNRs with cold protons in molecular clouds are often identified as the causes of these emissions. In this paper we have selected two ultrahigh-energy photon sources, LHAASO J2108+5157 and LHAASO J0341+5258, which are associated with GMCs, but no powerful pulsar or SNR has been detected in their vicinity. We have proposed a scenario where shock-accelerated electrons and protons are injected in the local environment of these sources from past explosions, which happened thousands of years ago. We show that the observed ultrahigh-energy photon flux can be explained with the secondary gamma rays produced by the time-evolved relativistic electron and proton spectra.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XI. CN and HCN as Tracers of Photochemistry in Disks
Authors: Bergner Jennifer B. , Öberg Karin I. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Law Charles J. , Loomis Ryan A. , Cataldi Gianni , Bosman Arthur D. , Aikawa Yuri , Andrews Sean M. , Bergin Edwin A. , Booth Alice S. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Czekala Ian , Huang Jane , Ilee John D. , Le Gal Romane , Long Feng , Nomura Hideko , Ménard François , Qi Chunhua , Schwarz Kamber R. , Teague Richard , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Walsh Catherine , Wilner David J. , Yamato Yoshihide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
UV photochemistry in the surface layers of protoplanetary disks dramatically alters their composition relative to previous stages of star formation. The abundance ratio CN/HCN has long been proposed to trace the UV field in various astrophysical objects; however, to date the relationship between CN, HCN, and the UV field in disks remains ambiguous. As part of the ALMA Large Program MAPS (Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales), we present observations of CN N = 1–0 transitions at 0.″3 resolution toward five disk systems. All disks show bright CN emission within ∼50–150 au, along with a diffuse emission shelf extending up to 600 au. In all sources we find that the CN/HCN column density ratio increases with disk radius from about unity to 100, likely tracing increased UV penetration that enhances selective HCN photodissociation in the outer disk. Additionally, multiple millimeter dust gaps and rings coincide with peaks and troughs, respectively, in the CN/HCN ratio, implying that some millimeter substructures are accompanied by changes to the UV penetration in more elevated disk layers. That the CN/HCN ratio is generally high (>1) points to a robust photochemistry shaping disk chemical compositions and also means that CN is the dominant carrier of the prebiotically interesting nitrile group at most disk radii. We also find that the local column densities of CN and HCN are positively correlated despite emitting from vertically stratified disk regions, indicating that different disk layers are chemically linked. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Lyα Radiative Transfer: A Stokes Vector Approach to Lyα Polarization
Authors: Seon Kwang-il , Song Hyunmi , Chang Seok-Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lyα-emitting galaxies and giant Lyα blobs (LABs) have been extensively observed to study the formation history of galaxies. However, the origin of their extended Lyα emission, especially of LABs, remains controversial. Polarization signals from some LABs have been discovered, and this is commonly interpreted as strong evidence supporting that the extended Lyα emission originates from the resonance scattering. The Monte Carlo Lyα radiative transfer code LaRT is updated to investigate the polarization of Lyα using the Stokes vector formalism. We apply LaRT to a few models to explore the fundamental polarization properties of Lyα. Interestingly, individual Lyα photon packets are found to be almost completely polarized by a sufficient number of scatterings (N
scatt ≳ 104–105 in a static medium) or Doppler shifts induced by gas motion, even starting from unpolarized light. It is also found that the polarization pattern can exhibit a nonmonotonically increasing pattern in some cases, other than the commonly known trend that the polarization monotonically increases with radius. The polarization properties are primarily determined by the degree of polarization of individual photon packets and the anisotropy of the Lyα radiation field, which are eventually controlled by the medium’s optical depth and velocity field. Once Lyα photon packets achieve ∼100% polarization, the radial profile of polarization appears to correlate with the surface brightness profile. A steep surface brightness profile tends to yield a rapid increase of the linear polarization near the Lyα source location. In contrast, a shallow surface brightness profile gives rise to a slowly increasing polarization pattern.
Un koudou dans la ramberte ? Une expérience de lexicographie scolaire au XXI e siècle
Authors: Gaudin François 
Published: February 2022

Le ministère de l’Éducation nationale a lancé en 2010 une vaste opération de lexicographie participative dans le cadre de la lutte contre l’illettrisme. Il en est résulté deux dictionnaires coédités par le Scérén-CNDP et les éditions Larousse, rédigés par les écoliers de 1305 établissements sous la houlette de la DGESCO. Ils paraissaient dès septembre 2011. Cet article présente cette action peu banale, présente les échos qu’elle a eus et examine la qualité des résultats.
L’intonation dans les langues tonales : des réflexions générales et deux études de cas
Authors: Michaud Alexis , Nguyên Minh Châu , Scholvin Vera 
Published: February 2022

Le présent travail illustre ce que l’étude des langues tonales peut apporter à celle de l’intonation. Étudier l’intonation d’une langue tonale amène à distinguer de façon conséquente le niveau des tons de celui de l’intonation, ce qui aide à bien reconnaître la spécificité, la richesse et la complexité de l’intonation. Après avoir rappelé les bases d’un cadre conceptuel, nous exposons une modeste expérience-pilote au sujet du vietnamien et du français qui confirme l’existence de passerelles entre tons et intonation. Nous abordons ensuite la question de la nature des phénomènes prosodiques qui se réalisent sur les particules finales en langue muong (proche parente du vietnamien). Ces particules portent-elles un ton lexical ? Quelle contribution l’intonation de phrase apporte-t-elle à leur réalisation ? Diverses hypothèses sont formulées, notamment concernant les origines possibles du « ton intonatif » glottalisé porté par deux particules finales marquant l'assentiment.
L’interface prosodie-syntaxe dans les langues Niger-Congo : deux enjeux essentiels de son analyse
Authors: Patin Cédric 
Published: February 2022

Les recherches conduites sur les phénomènes d’interface phonologie-syntaxe se sont concentrées depuis plusieurs décennies sur la question de savoir si la phonologie avait alors accès directement aux informations d’ordre syntaxique ou si elle le faisait à travers la médiation des structures de la hiérarchie prosodique (Bennet & Elfner, 2019), et les langues niger-congo ont joué un rôle important dans les débats associés à cette interrogation (Patin, 2013, 2018). Bien qu’essentielle, cette question a sans doute masqué d’autres enjeux associés à l’examen de cette interface. Ce travail évoque deux d’entre eux, en se concentrant sur la dimension prosodique du travail à conduire sur les langues niger-congo : l’enjeu de la délimitation des phénomènes impliqués (quand fait-on face à un phénomène d’interface phonologie-syntaxe ?), et celui de l’identification des niveaux de la hiérarchie prosodique, certains d’entre eux semblant absents dans certaines langues de la famille. À l’égard du premier point, il est indiqué que l’implication de la syntaxe ou de la phonologie peut parfois être questionnée. En ce qui concerne le second, est défendue l’idée que les recherches qui se développent sur l’intonation des langues niger-congo pourront permettre d’identifier les structures qui semblent aujourd’hui manquer.
Interfaces morphosyntaxe-sémantique-prosodie : étude des mots interrogatifs en chinois, coréen, japonais et vietnamien
Authors: Choi Jiyoung , Dao Huy-Linh , Pan Victor Junnan , Nishio Sumikazu 
Published: February 2022

Cet article vise à examiner, dans une perspective comparative, l’interprétation des mots interrogatifs du type wh- dans les quatre langues à wh-in-situ : le chinois, le coréen, le japonais et le vietnamien. Dans ces langues, des interrogations partielle et totale se forment à partir d’un même mot interrogatif, mais elles se distinguent les unes des autres selon les stratégies utilisées : syntaxique, morphologique et prosodique. D’ailleurs, la prosodie contribue de manière importante à la détermination du sens de la phrase contenant un mot wh- et cela, dans les contextes où les mots wh- peuvent être ambigus entre une lecture interrogative et une lecture indéfinie/existentielle.
L’accentuation contribue-t-elle à l’acquisition du contraste arrondi vs non-arrondi des voyelles orales en français langue étrangère ?
Authors: Santiago Fabián 
Published: February 2022

Les recherches examinant les interactions entre la structure prosodique et la phonétique en français L1 ont montré que les segments (consonnes et voyelles) sont hyper-articulés selon leur position dans la hiérarchie prosodique où ils sont produits. Par exemple, certains traits phonologiques des segments produits en syllabe accentuée sont renforcés vis-à-vis de leurs contreparties produites en syllabes non-accentuées. Mais, qu’en est-il en FLE ? Dans cette étude exploratoire, nous étudions différentes propriétés acoustiques de 6 390 voyelles orales arrondies /y/ , /ø/ , /œ/ vs non-arrondies /i/ , /e/ , /ɛ/ chez 20 étudiants de français langue étrangère (hispanophones et anglophones) selon deux conditions prosodiques : accentuées vs non-accentuées. Nos résultats montrent que la structure accentuelle a des effets positifs dans la production d’un tel contraste en FLE. Néanmoins, ces effets ne sont clairement observés que dans certaines paires de voyelles. Nous discutons de l’importance d’étudier les interactions prosodie-phonétique dans l’acquisition et la didactique de la prononciation du FLE avec une approche théorique et expérimentale.
« Sans fondement, aucune chose n’a sa raison d’être » : sur le statut et le rôle des échanges littéraires internationaux
Authors: Hua Meng 
Published: February 2022

Cet article se veut une défense de la littérature comparée et par conséquent un plaidoyer pour les relations littéraires internationales ou mieux les relations littéraires et interculturelles. Ce champ de recherche a été un des fondements de la discipline. Même si celle-ci a pu être attaquée, elle conserve sa légitimité en continuant à exploiter ce domaine qui ne se réduit pas à l’étude des « rapports de fait », nécessaires, utiles, mais qui appellent d’autres ouvertures interdisciplinaires ainsi que le recours à la poétique comparée.
La littérature comparée et mon expérience personnelle
Authors: Coutinho Eduardo F. , Houard Janine 
Published: February 2022

L’article retrace un parcours intellectuel et des apprentissages successifs depuis le Brésil des années 60, puis le passage décisif par les universités américaines (Berkeley en particulier). Ce sont aussi des réflexions sur l’évolution des thèmes et des méthodes de recherche sur près d’un demi-siècle.
Kafka, Bertrand Russell et les bolcheviks
Authors: Morel Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2022

Publié à Prague en août 1920, un extrait des fameuses « Impressions de Russie bolchevique » de Bertrand Russell, recueillies en mai-juin 1920 et parues peu après en anglais, a provoqué chez Kafka deux réactions simultanées, aussi vives qu’inhabituelles : l’une, politique, dans deux lettres à Milena Jesenská, la femme alors aimée, l’autre, littéraire, dans trois récits écrits d’affilée. En partant de la version pragoise du texte de Russell, on tentera de reconstruire et d’interpréter cet épisode couramment négligé par les biographes, tant de Kafka que de Milena. Cinq ans après avoir écrit Le Procès , pouvait-on, contre Russell, défendre l’ordre léniniste ?
Entre deux pays, entre deux langues, entre deux mondes : Vénus Khoury-Ghata
Authors: Brunel Pierre 
Published: February 2022

Nouveau membre du Comité d’honneur de la Revue de Littérature Comparée , Vénus Khoury-Ghata est au nombre des écrivains majeurs de notre temps. Pierre Brunel, qui préside le jury du prix Vénus Khoury-Ghata, rappelle qu’elle a quitté le Liban en 1972 et qu’elle vit essentiellement à Paris tout en conservant des liens très étroits avec son pays natal. Son œuvre considérable a également évolué d’une langue à l’autre et son récent recueil poétique, Éloignez-vous de ma fenêtre , est profondément marqué par la terrible catastrophe survenue à Beyrouth le 4 août 2020.
Uniaxial tensile behavior and mechanism characterization of multi-scale fiber-reinforced cementitious materials
Authors: Li L. , Cao M. , Li Z. , Zhang W. , Shi D. , Shi K. 
Published: February 2022

The uniaxial tensile properties of multi-scale fiber-reinforced cementitious material (MSFRCM) with steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and calcium carbonate whisker (CW) were studied. The results showed that CW improved the uniaxial tensile stiffness, strength, peak strain, and toughness of the steel-PVA hybrid fiber-reinforced cementitious material. The CW not only played a role in the small deformation stage but also improved the load holding capacity and toughness of the hybrid fiber-reinforced cementitious material during the large deformation stage. Computational models to assess the uniaxial tensile strength and toughness of the MSFRCM were established. Microstructure observations showed that the steel and PVA fibers formed a weak interfacial transition zone (ITZ) due to the “wall effect.” The CW effectively optimized the structure of the ITZ of the steel and PVA fibers through physical and chemical effects, such as filling, bridging, improving Ca(OH)2 orientation, and chemical effects. The steel fibers, PVA fibers, and CW in the MSFRCM bridged cracks at the macro, mesoscopic, and microscopic levels, respectively. As a result, we observed a fiber chain effect that improved the positive hybrid effect between the multi-scale fibers.