bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation of vaccine antigen sequences encoded by sequenced strains ofStreptococcus equisubsp.equi
Authors: Frosth Sara , Morris Ellen Ruth A. , Wilson Hayley , Frykberg Lars , Jacobsson Karin , Parkhill Julian , Flock Jan‐Ingmar , Wood Tim , Guss Bengt , Aanensen David M. , Boyle Ashley G. , Riihimäki Miia , Cohen Noah D. , Waller Andrew S. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundStreptococcus equisubspeciesequi(S equi) is the cause of Strangles, one of the most prevalent diseases of horses worldwide. Variation within the immunodominant SeM protein has been documented, but a new eight‐component fusion protein vaccine, Strangvac, does not contain liveS equior SeM and conservation of the antigens it contains have not been reported.ObjectiveTo define the diversity of the eight Strangvac antigens across a diverseS equipopulation.Study designGenomic description.MethodsAntigen sequences from the genomes of 759S equiisolates from 19 countries, recovered between 1955 and 2018, were analysed. Predicted amino acid sequences in the antigen fragments of SEQ0256(Eq5), SEQ0402(Eq8), SEQ0721(EAG), SEQ0855(SclF), SEQ0935(CNE), SEQ0999(IdeE), SEQ1817(SclI) and SEQ2101(SclC) in Strangvac and SeM were extracted from the 759 assembled genomes and compared.ResultsThe predicted amino acid sequences of SclC, SclI and IdeE were identical across all 759 genomes. CNE was truncated in the genome of five (0.7%) isolates. SclF was absent from one genome and another encoded a single amino acid substitution. EAG was truncated in two genomes. Eq5 was truncated in four genomes and 123 genomes encoded a single amino acid substitution. Eq8 was truncated in three genomes, one genome encoded four amino acid substitutions and 398 genomes encoded a single amino acid substitution at the final amino acid of the Eq8 antigen fragment. Therefore, at least 1579 (99.9%) of 1580 amino acids in Strangvac were identical in 743 (97.9%) genomes, and all genomes encoded identical amino acid sequences for at least six of the eight Strangvac antigens.Main limitationsThree hundred and seven (40.4%) isolates in this study were recovered from horses in the UK.ConclusionsThe predicted amino acid sequences of antigens in Strangvac were highly conserved across this collection ofS equi.
A comprehensive and comparative proteomic analysis of horse serum proteins in colitis
Authors: Minamijima Yohei , Tozaki Teruaki , Kuroda Taisuke , Urayama Shuntaro , Nomura Motoi , Yamamoto Kazuo 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundEquine colitis is a diarrhoeal disease caused by inflammation of the large bowel and can potentially be life‐threatening due to its rapid progression. Pathogenesis is multifactorial and pathophysiology is highly complicated, therefore, reliable diagnostic biomarkers are needed in the veterinary field.ObjectiveSerum is one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools in equine clinical investigation. To discover diagnostic or prognostic protein markers for colitis in horse serum, comprehensive and comparative proteomic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).Study designCase‐control study.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 36 healthy Thoroughbreds and 12 Thoroughbreds with colitis. Serum from each horse suffering from colitis was collected daily until death or recovery. Collected sera were digested with trypsin. Peptides obtained from serum proteins were measured by Q‐Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The identification and quantification of peptides were performed using Proteome Discoverer version 2.2.ResultsOn day 1 of treatment, eight proteins in the colitis group were upregulated (P < .05, more than a twofold change) compared with the healthy group. Among the eight proteins, biliverdin reductase B was significantly upregulated (P < .05) in the non‐survivor group (n = 5) compared with the survivor group (n = 7). On the last day of the treatment, haemoglobin subunit alpha, clusterin, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein, and biliverdin reductase B showed significant increases (P < .05) in the non‐survivor group.Main limitationsThe number of the identified proteins is limited due to the existence of abundant proteins.ConclusionsMeasuring the changes of these proteins together may enable a potential prognosis or early diagnosis of horses suffering from colitis.
Induction and generalization of nocebo effects on itch
Authors: Weng Lingling , van Laarhoven Antoinette I. M. , Peerdeman Kaya J. , Evers Andrea W. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNocebo effects, that is, negative treatment outcomes due to negative expectancies, can increase itch. Moreover, indirect evidence has shown that nocebo hyperknesis can generalize to another itch modality. Knowledge on response generalization can help to prevent and decrease negative effects. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the efficacy of inducing nocebo effects on cowhage‐evoked itch via verbal suggestions and (2) whether these effects can generalize to (2a) mechanically evoked touch and (2b) mechanically evoked itch. Forty‐four healthy participants watched a video suggesting that a nocebo solution increases cowhage‐evoked itch and that a control solution does not affect itch. Subsequently, cowhage, mechanical itch, and mechanical touch stimuli were applied. Nocebo effects were measured as the difference in both mean and peak of the outcomes itch and urge to scratch between nocebo and control trials. Main analyses revealed significant nocebo effects on mean and peak itch for all stimuli. For urge to scratch, a significant nocebo effect was only observed for mechanical touch (peak). As mechanical stimuli did not induce pure sensations as planned, posthoc sensitivity analyses were run for mechanical stimuli that individually induced either touch or itch at baseline. These analyses showed similar results for generalization to mechanical itch, but generalization to mechanical touch was non‐significant. This study showed that merely verbal suggestion can induce nocebo effects on cowhage‐evoked itch and that these effects can generalize to another itch modality. Future studies may examine how to prevent negative experiences from generalizing to subsequent encounters.
Antioxidant activity assessment of Yingjisha sweet almond oil
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Liwen , Yang Fan , Zhang Ning , Fan Jiahuan , Qin Shini , Shao Tong , Xu Xianao , Yan Shiyin , Guo Hongxing , Li Jianying , Zhao Hui 
Published: January 2022

SummarySweet almond is one of the main cash crops in Yingjisha, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. The composition of sweet almond oil (SAO) was analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). SAO’s antioxidant activities were investigated by measuring its scavenging ability with 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Furthermore, in vivo antioxidant capacity was assessed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae model stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The results showed that SAO was mainly composed of methyl oleate (21.28%), methyl stearate (18.55%) and methyl palmitate (14.1%). In vitro antioxidant test results showed that compared with the scavenging three free radicals capacity of 1 mmol L−1 Trolox, the SAO needed to reach 5 mg mL−1, 20 mg mL−1 and less than 20 mg mL−1, respectively. In vivo experiments showed that SAO rescued the survival and inhibited intracellular oxidation and lipid peroxidation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to H2O2 and CCl4. Additionally, our results showed that the catalase encoded by the Gsh1 gene may be involved in the mechanism of action of SAO against intracellular oxidation. These findings suggest that SAO possesses antioxidant capacities, and it is recommended to develop dietary antioxidants based on SAO.
Effect of the structure and potential allergenicity of glycated tropomyosin, the shrimp allergen
Authors: Lv Liangtao , Ahmed Ishfaq , Qu Xin , Ju Guangxiu , Yang Ni , Guo Yuman , Li Zhenxing 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe aim is to elucidate whether the structural changes of shrimp tropomyosin (TM) following ribose treatment affected its potential allergenicity. The structural changes of glycated TM were analysed by fluorescence, ultraviolet spectrum (UV), circular dichroism (CD) and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), and the changes in allergenicity were investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RBL‐2H3 cell model. The result indicated that ribose could cause the conformational structural changes of TM. Moreover, the phenylalanine, isoleucine and DL‐methionine residues were altered by ribose by LC‐MS/MS analysis. These modified amino acids also appeared in the shrimp allergic epitopes region. Furthermore, the glycated TM (4000 mmol L−1 ribose) could significantly decrease the IgE‐binding capacity and inhibit the release of cytokines and mediators from RBL‐2H3 cells. These findings suggest that ribose‐induced glycation could damage the allergic epitope of TM, decreasing the potential allergenicity and could be considered for alleviating TM‐induced food allergy.
What is in a name? Effects of game‐framing on perceptions of hiring organizations
Authors: McChesney Jenna , Campbell Chelsi , Wang Jet , Foster Lori 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis Open Science Framework preregistered experiment examines the effects of game‐framing, the labeling of a selection test as a game without changing its content, on prospective applicants’ attitudes toward a fictitious hiring organization. Participants (N = 277) were asked to view a screenshot of a hypothetical organization's hiring assessment, which was labeled as either an online test or game. Aligned with signaling theory, game‐framing resulted in higher ratings of organizational innovation and increased organizational attraction. Surprisingly, openness to experience and propensity to innovate did not moderate this relationship. Implications of these findings for organizations using gamified and game‐based assessments are discussed along with directions for future research.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is changing its face: analysis of the temporal trends in aetiology and clinical patterns of HCC in South Australia
Authors: Chandran Vidhyaleha , Rajandran Arvinf , Loo Kee Fong , Bate John , Wigg Alan , Chinnaratha Mohamed A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe epidemiology of chronic liver disease is changing with the introduction of potent antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the increasing prevalence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).AimTo establish the impact of this change on the rates and clinical patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in South Australia (SA).MethodsNewly diagnosed HCC patients from January 2014 until December 2019 from four tertiary centres in SA were included. The overall age‐standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of HCC were calculated using 2016 SA population as the standard. To assess the trends, Join‐Point regression models were used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Forecasting of overall and aetiology‐specific HCC from 2020 to 2024 was performed using linear regression.ResultsThere were 626 new cases of HCC in SA (males 80%; median age 64 years) during the study period. There was a significant increase in NASH‐related HCC (AAPC: +7.0%; P < 0.05) from 2014 to 2019. However, there were no significant differences in the ASIR for overall HCC (AAPC: −4.1%), HCV‐related HCC (AAPC: −8.0%) and stage of HCC diagnosis (AAPC: +3.0%; P > 0.05). Forecasting analysis projected the decline and increase in the incidence of HCV and NASH‐related HCC, respectively, over the next few years.ConclusionOverall ASIR of HCC has plateaued in SA. However, NASH‐related HCC has increased significantly and is expected to continue to increase in the near future. Further research and intervention is required to reduce NASH‐related HCC, a major contributor to the current and future burden of HCC.
Preventive and therapeutic aspects of fermented foods
Authors: Baruah Rwivoo , Ray Mousumi , Halami Prakash M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent times, the status of some fermented foods which are considered as functional foods that confer health benefits in certain disease conditions has grown rapidly. The health benefits of fermented foods are due to the presence of probiotic microbes and the bioactive compounds formed during fermentation. Microbes involved and metabolites produced by them are highly species specific and contribute to the authenticity of the fermented foods. Several studies pertaining to the effect of fermented foods on various disease conditions have been conducted in recent years using both animal models and clinical trials on humans. This review focuses on the impact of fermented foods on conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, gastrointestinal disorder, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Piscine mycobacteriosis in the ornamental fish trade in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Phillips Savage Ayanna Carla N. , Blake Lemar , Suepaul Rod , McHugh O’Shane , Rodgers Ray , Thomas Calvern , Oura Christopher , Soto Esteban 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe freshwater ornamental fish trade represents a major contributor to the livelihoods of many producers in Trinidad and Tobago, with stocks destined for local, regional and international markets. A review of clinical cases presented to the Aquatic Animal Health Unit at the University of the West Indies, School of Veterinary Medicine for the period September 2010 to December 2012 suggested that piscine mycobacteriosis may be widespread throughout the local ornamental fish industry. Thus, to determine the prevalence of mycobacteriosis in ornamental fish sold in pet stores, a total of 122 specimens were sourced from 24 retail suppliers across Trinidad. Fish were killed and internal organs were examined for lesions suggestive of granulomas. All wet‐mount slides were acid‐fast stained, regardless of the presence or absence of observed granuloma‐like lesions. Histological analysis was performed on one randomly selected whole specimen from each facility. Mycobacterium sp. was identified using real‐time PCR detecting the 16S rRNA gene in tissue samples. Associations between parasitism, facility biosecurity and presence of positive animals were determined. The prevalence of Mycobacterium sp. infection was 61 ± 7% (74/122), with positive specimens being acquired from 54.2% (13/24) of facilities examined. Further, 100% of facilities did not employ optimum biosecurity measures.
Corporate governance, firm dynamics, and wage inequality
Authors: Chao Chi‐Chur , Wang Leonard F. S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the distributive and welfare effects of corporate governance with firm competition. In the short run, where the number of manufacturing firms is given, a better corporate governance can raise both of the skilled and unskilled wage rates, but the skilled‐unskilled wage gap will be widened in the economy. Nonetheless, in the long run, a better corporate governance causes manufacturing firms to exit, which in turn reallocates some capital to the agricultural sector. This benefits unskilled workers and raises their wages, while reducing the skilled wage rate via the firm‐exit effect. The exit of manufacturing firms mitigates the issue of excessive entry of firms, which can improve social efficiency in the long run. As a result, the optimal level of corporate governance is higher in the long run.
Limitation by vapour pressure deficit shapes different intra‐annual growth patterns of diffuse‐ and ring‐porous temperate broadleaves
Authors: Tumajer Jan , Scharnweber Tobias , Smiljanic Marko , Wilmking Martin 
Published: January 2022

SummaryUnderstanding the effects of temperature and moisture on radial growth is vital for assessing the impacts of climate change on carbon and water cycles. However, studies observing growth at sub‐daily temporal scales remain scarce.We analysed sub‐daily growth dynamics and its climatic drivers recorded by point dendrometers for 35 trees of three temperate broadleaved species during the years 2015–2020. We isolated irreversible growth driven by cambial activity from the dendrometer records. Next, we compared the intra‐annual growth patterns among species and delimited their climatic optima.The growth of all species peaked at air temperatures between 12 and 16°C and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) below 0.1 kPa.Acer pseudoplatanusandFagus sylvatica, both diffuse‐porous, sustained growth under suboptimal VPD. Ring‐porousQuercus roburexperienced a steep decline of growth rates with reduced air humidity. This resulted in multiple irregular growth peaks ofQ. roburduring the year. By contrast, the growth patterns of the diffuse‐porous species were always right‐skewed unimodal with a peak in June between day of the year 150–170.Intra‐annual growth patterns are shaped more by VPD than temperature. The different sensitivity of radial growth to VPD is responsible for unimodal growth patterns in both diffuse‐porous species and multimodal growth pattern inQ. robur.
Targeted protein degradation: from small molecules to complex organelles—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Weber‐Ban Eilika , Clausen Tim , Walters Kylie J. , Sharon Michal , Finley Daniel J. , Gu Yangnan , Hanna John , Feng Yue , Martens Sascha , Simonsen Anne , Hansen Malene , Zhang Hong , Goodwin Jonathan M. , Reggio Alessio , Chang Chunmei , Ge Liang , Schulman Brenda A. , Deshaies Raymond J. , Dikic Ivan , Harper J. Wade , Wertz Ingrid E. , Thomä Nicolas H. , Słabicki Mikołaj , Frydman Judith , Jakob Ursula , David Della C. , Bennett Eric J. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Sardana Richa , Eapen Vinay V. , Carra Serena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTargeted protein degradation is critical for proper cellular function and development. Protein degradation pathways, such as the ubiquitin proteasomes system, autophagy, and endosome–lysosome pathway, must be tightly regulated to ensure proper elimination of misfolded and aggregated proteins and regulate changing protein levels during cellular differentiation, while ensuring that normal proteins remain unscathed. Protein degradation pathways have also garnered interest as a means to selectively eliminate target proteins that may be difficult to inhibit via other mechanisms. On June 7 and 8, 2021, several experts in protein degradation pathways met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium “Targeting protein degradation: from small molecules to complex organelles.” The event brought together researchers working in different protein degradation pathways in an effort to begin to develop a holistic, integrated vision of protein degradation that incorporates all the major pathways to understand how changes in them can lead to disease pathology and, alternatively, how they can be leveraged for novel therapeutics.
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 immunolocalization and oral manifestations of COVID‐19
Authors: Park Gi Cheol , Bang Soo‐Young , Lee Hyoun Wook , Choi Kyung Un , Kim Ji Min , Shin Sung‐Chan , Cheon Yong‐il , Sung Eui‐Suk , Lee Minhyung , Lee Jin‐Choon , Kim Hyung‐Sik , Lee Byung‐Joo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) entry into the host cells depends on the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). We investigated the distribution of ACE2‐ and TMPRSS2‐expressing cells in various oral tissues to identify the underlying mechanism of oral manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.SubjectsWe analyzed the expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the oral mucosa (tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa), trigeminal ganglion, vessels, and salivary glands of 9 Sprague‐Dawley rats using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.ResultsACE2 and TMPRSS2 were strongly expressed in the intermediate layer of the squamous epithelia of tongue papillae and buccal mucosa. ACE2‐ and TMPRSS2‐positive cells were observed in the taste buds of the tongue. Additionally, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were co‐expressed in the ductal epithelium and acinar cells of salivary glands. Furthermore, both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were stained in the neuronal cell body of trigeminal ganglia, but not in Schwann cells. Moreover, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed in capillaries, but not in venules/arterioles.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 can spread the suprabasal area of squamous epithelia of the oral mucosa, invades taste bud, trigeminal nerve, parotid gland, and microvessel, resulting in oral manifestations.
Autoimmune disorders in oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Porras‐Carrique Teresa , Ramos‐García Pablo , Aguilar‐Diosdado Manuel , Warnakulasuriya Saman , González‐Moles Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe association of OLP with other autoimmune processes points to the possibility that OLP‐affected patients are actually developing an autoimmune status that predisposes them to autoaggression against different targets. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to evaluate the current evidence on the prevalence of autoimmune disorders in patients with OLP and their magnitude of association.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus databases for the studies published before May 2021, with no limitation in regards to their publication date or language. We evaluated the quality of studies, carried out meta‐analyses and performed heterogeneity, subgroups, meta‐regression, and small‐study effects analyses.ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 153 studies (23,327 patients). Our results indicate the existence of high prevalence and a frequent association between OLP and some autoimmune disorders, especially in regards to thyroid disease (PP = 7.96%, 95% CI = 6.32–9.75; OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.60–2.49, p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (PP = 9.41%,95% CI = 8.16–10.74; OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.34–2.00, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the existence of a comorbidity between autoimmune thyroid diseases as well as between diabetes mellitus and OLP respectively. Quality of evidence should be upgraded on other autoimmune diseases (fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, rheumatic diseases, Sjogren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, and dermatological diseases) for which the current data do not allow us to know whether they are really associated with OLP.
Spectral analysis of Markov switching GARCH models with statistical inference
Authors: Cavicchioli Maddalena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe derive matrix expressions in closed form for the autocovariance function and the spectral density of Markov switching GARCH models and their powers. For this, we apply the Riesz–Fischer theorem which defines the spectral representation as the Fourier transform of the autocovariance function. Under suitable assumptions, we prove that the sample estimator of the spectral density is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Further statistical implications in terms of order identification and parameter estimation are discussed. A simulation study confirms the validity of the asymptotic properties. These methods are also well suited for financial market applications, and in particular for the analysis of time series in the frequency domain, as shown in some proposed real‐world examples.