bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process and Characterization of Natural Rubber Modification (Sir-20) With Grafting Maleat Anhydride
Authors: Sipayung Murdoni , Eddyanto Eddyanto 
Published: August 2022

Modification of natural rubber by Grafting method using monomer maleate anhydride is a technique of modification of natural rubber polymers that aims to change the physical and chemical sifak of natural rubber polymers. The grafting process is carried out by comparing the amount of MA that is graphed based on the type of peroxide, the variation of peroxide concentration and the variation of MA concentration. FTIR test results showed the appearance of peak absorption at the wave number of 1710-cm cluster C=O carbonyl from MA that is graphed in natural rubber.. Based on the comparison of ir analysis of peroxide concentration used i.e. (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1) molar ratio obtained the largest carbonyl index at DCP concentration of 0.05 mr similarly, the comparison of IR analysis results of MA concentration variations (3, 6, 9, 12) phr shows the largest carbonyl index that appears in the C=O absorption area is in the KA-g-MA sample with a MA variation of 12 phr with Carbonyl index = 45.81. The degree of MA grafting on natural rubber structures increases with increased MA concentration.
Academic Speaking Students’ Efforts in Minimizing Their Lack of Self- Confidence
Authors: Ningrum Novita Kusuma , Listyani Listyani 
Published: August 2022

The existence of self-confidence is needed and related with students’ academic achievement, which in this context of the study is speaking skills. Speaking skills are the language learning aspects that are also crucial for students to master to have good communication. Unfortunately, speaking skills cannot be mastered because of the lack of self-confidence that is commonly faced by EFL learners. By seeing this reality, the researcher tried to identify the causes of the lack of self - confidence faced by Academic Speaking students (FLA-UKSW) and the efforts that the students implemented to overcome their lack-of self-confidence. This study used a qualitative method in collecting data. The data were collected from thirty-three Academic Speaking students using open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated the causes of the lack of self-confidence were fear of making mistakes, lack of speaking skills formally, public speaking anxiety and personal experience influenced. The efforts used by students were talking in front of a mirror, practicing pronunciation, rehearsing with friends, mastering materials, making notes, watching YouTube videos. The result of these findings hopefully helped students who are dealing with self-confidence in academic context specifically in speaking skills.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERCERAIAN AKIBAT PERKAWINAN DI BAWAH UMUR DI WILAYAH HUKUM PENGADILAN AGAMA SUNGGUMINASA
Authors: Suhartati Suhartati , Nursanti Nursanti 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak
Perkawinan di bawah umur sering terjadi diakibatkan tingkat pendidikan dan finansial yang mempengaruhi. Namun, kurangnya kesiapan mental dan individu pasangan membuat sering berujung pada perceraian. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dampak perkawinan di bawah umur terhadap terjadinya perceraian di wilayah hukum Pengadilan Agama Sungguminasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif-empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Teknis analisis data penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2019, terdapat 416 permohonan dispensasi kawin yang masuk, kemudian 410 permohonan yang diterima sehingga tingkat penerimaan permohonan oleh hakim sangat tinggi. Dari 410 kasus, terdapat 49 perkara perceraian terkait. Alasan perceraian adalah faktor perselisihan dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh kesiapan mental dan individu pasangan sangat rendah sehingga belum mampu menghadapi gejolak di dalam rumah tangga dan belum mampu menyelesaikan secara kedewasaan.
Abstract
Underage marriages often occur due to educational and financial levels that affect them. However, the lack of mental readiness and individual partners often leads to divorce. Therefore, the research objective is to determine the impact of underage marriage on the occurrence of divorce in the jurisdiction of the Sungguminasa Religious Court. This research is normative-empirical research with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation studies. The data analysis technique of this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that from 2016 to 2019, 416 applications for dispensation of marriage were received, then 410 applications were received so that the rate of acceptance of applications by judges was very high. Of the 410 cases, there were 49 related divorce cases. The reasons for divorce are the factors of strife and domestic violence. This condition is caused by very low mental readiness and individual partners so that they are not able to deal with turmoil in the household and have not been able to complete maturity.
ANALISIS PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MEMUTUS PERKARA EKONOMI SYARIAH TERKAIT WANPRESTASI
Authors: Hayat Rossy Ibnul , Sukardi Sukardi 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak
Putusan Nomor 0132/Pdt.G/2016/PA.Stg merupakan perkara ekonomi syariah akad al-murabahah terkait wanprestasi yang melibatkan tiga pihak, yakni pihak penggugat selaku ahli waris nasabah, pihak tergugat I selaku pihak bank dan tergugat II selaku lembaga asuransi syariah. Majelis hakim dalam pertimbangannya memutuskan pihak lembaga asuransi syariah melakukan wanprestasi dengan landasan yuridis terkait wanprestasi dan aturan perasuransian dengan Qur’an Surah Al-Maidah ayat 1 serta hadis riwayat Abu Daud. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk menelaah penalaran hukum yang mendasari majelis hakim sehingga memutuskan lembaga asuransi syariah telah melakukan wanprestasi di dalam pertimbangan hukumnya baik secara yuridis maupun dalam perspektif dalil-dalil hukum ekonomi syariah. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yang diolah secara kualitatif dan menggunakan teknik analisis berupa analisis isi terhadap pertimbangan majelis hakim di dalam putusan dimaksud. Hasil penelitian bahwa Pertimbangan majelis hakim secara yuridis adalah pemaknaan wanprestasi dalam konteks sengketa ekonomi syariah, merujuk pada Pasal 1234 KUHPer juncto Pasal 36 KHES dan kewajiban lembaga asuransi syariah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian jo. Pasal 23 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 68 /POJK.05/2016. Dalam konteks hukum ekonomi syariah, peneliti tidak menemukan ijtihad secara komprehensif dalam perumusan wanprestasi tersebut, khususnya dalam mengelaborasi landasan yuridis, proses pembuktian, dan dalil-dalil hukum ekonomi syariah.
Abstract
This case is a sharia economic case related to default involving three parties, namely the customer's heir, the bank, and the sharia insurance institution. In their consideration, the panel of judges decided that the sharia insurance institution would default on a juridical basis regarding default and insurance regulations with the Qur'an and the hadith. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the reasons underlying the judges so that the sharia insurance agency has defaulted in its legal considerations. The method used is juridical normative which is processed qualitatively and uses analytical techniques in the form of content analysis. The results of the study show that the juridical consideration of the panel of judges is the meaning of default in the context of sharia economic disputes, referring to Article 1234 of the KUHPer in conjunction with Article 36 KHES and the obligations of Islamic insurance institutions based on Law Number 40 of 2014 Concerning Insurance jo. Article 23 of the FSA Regulation. In the context of sharia economic law, researchers do not find ijtihad comprehensively in the formulation of these defaults, especially in elaborating the juridical basis, the process of evidence, and the arguments of sharia economic law.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERDA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT NOMOR 04 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PENGELOLAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL
Authors: Darmawan Darmawan 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak
Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah melakukan identifikasi dan analisis terhadap isi Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Nomor 04 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pengelolaan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan dan penegakannya di Kalimantan Barat. Fokus kajian dilakukan pada terminologi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) yang dituangkan pada Peraturan Darah tersebut beserta aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhinya. Metode penelitian hukum yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat inkonsistensi pengertian CSR. Pada pasal 1 angka 7 memuat pengertian CSR sebagai “komitmen perusahaan untuk berperan serta,” mengandung makna bahwa pelaksanaan CSR bersifat sukarela, sedangkan pasal 6 memuat bahwa CSR “wajib dilaksanakan bagi korporasi yang menjalankan usahanya,” bermakna suatu kewajiban. Selanjutnya, pengaturan sanksi bagi korporasi yang lalai melaksanakan CSR tertuang pada Pasal 23 angka 1 sampai dengan angka 3 Peraturan Daerah tersebut, dimana sanksi dapat diberikan kepada perusahaan dari peringatan tertulis hingga pencabutan kegiatan usaha, serta sanksi lain sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan perundang-undangan. Temuan krusialnya adalah ketiadaan mekanisme dalam menerapkan sanksi tersebut, karena faktanya Peraturan Daerah ini tidak mengatur lebih lanjut, atau membuat klasifikasi berbagai pelanggaran yang dapat dikenai sanksi tersebut.

Abstract
The purpose of writing this article is to identify and analyze the contents of West Kalimantan Provincial Regulation Number 04 of 2016 concerning the Management of Corporate Social Responsibility and its enforcement in West Kalimantan. The focus of the study is carried out on the terminology of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as outlined in the Blood Regulation and the aspects that influence it. The legal research method used is normative-empirical legal research. The results of the analysis show that there is an inconsistency in the notion of CSR. Article 1 point 7 contains the definition of CSR as "the company's commitment to participate," which implies that the implementation of CSR is voluntary. In contrast, Article 6 states that CSR "must be implemented for corporations running their business," meaning an obligation. Furthermore, the regulation of sanctions for corporations that neglect to implement CSR is stated in Article 23 number 1 to number 3 of the Regional Regulation, where sanctions can be given to companies from written warnings to revocation of business activities and other sanctions as regulated in statutory provisions. The crucial finding is that there is no mechanism for implementing these sanctions because this Regional Regulation does not further restrict or classify the various violations subject to such sanctions.
KONSEP DEMOKRATIS DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 12 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG- UNDANGAN
Authors: Budiman M Arief 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak
Lahirnya otonomi daerah merupakan konsekuensi logis dari berdirinya negara hukum demokratis yang berupaya agar kekuasaan tidak berada pada posisi sentral. Pemerintah daerah diberikan kewenangan untuk mengurus daerahnya dengan kebijakan yang sesuai dengan kondisi di daerah. Kebijakan tersebut dituangkan ke dalam peraturan daerah. Dalam tahapan pembentukan peraturan daerah, sangat penting untuk menelaah konsep demokratis untuk menujang karakter peraturan daerah yang aspiratif dan partisipatoris. Oleh karena itu, tujuan Penulisan ini untuk menguraikan prinsip-prinsip pembentukan peraturan daerah dalam konsep demokratis ditinjau dari Undang-Undang No 12 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. Dalam pembahasan menerangkan bahwa tahapan pembuatan peraturan daerah dimulai dari tahapan perencanaan, penyusunan, pembahasan, pengesahan, pengundangan, dan penyebarluasan. Dari tahapan tersebut, suatu peraturan daerah akan berkarakter demokratis manakala peraturan tersebut merupakan kehendak masyarakat atau didukung oleh masyarakat dengan memberikan ruang terbukanya akses partisipasi masyarakat pada setiap tahapan pembuatan peraturan daerah. Namun, jika prosesnya dilakukan tertutup, maka karakter peraturan daerah tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan kelompok tertentu.

Abstract
The birth of regional autonomy is a logical consequence of establishing a democratic legal state that seeks to prevent power from being in a central position. Local governments have the authority to manage their regions with policies that are following local conditions. These policies are incorporated into local regulations. In establishing local government regulations, it is essential to examine the democratic concept to support regional regulations' aspirational and participatory character. The purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of establishing local government regulations in a democratic idea based on Law No. 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Legislations. The discussion explains that making regional regulations starts from planning, preparation, discussion, ratification, promulgation, and dissemination. From this stage, local government regulations will have a democratic character when the law is the community's will or is supported by the community by providing open space for public participation at every stage of making local regulations. However, if the process is carried out securely, then the character of the local government regulations is influenced by the interests of certain groups.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDANAAN SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN DALAM MASA OTONOMI KHUSUS PAPUA
Authors: Oktavian Daniel Pradina , Adi Emmanuel Ariananto Waluyo 
Published: August 2022

Abstrak

Kemajuan suatu negara ditentukan salah satunya oleh kualitas sumber daya manusia, maka peran pendidikan sangat penting. Menurut catatan capaian pendidikan nasional, Papua menjadi salah satu daerah dengan capaian pendidikan yang rendah. Dalam konstitusi, telah jelas bahwa negara menjamin hak untuk memperoleh pendidikan bagi setiap warga negaranya secara adil dan merata. Tetapi, pada praktiknya, masih adanya hambatan, khususnya dalam kerangka Otonomi Khusus yang diatur dalam UU No. 2 Tahun 2021 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas UU No. 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua. Pemberian status Otonomi Khusus tersebut juga mempengaruhi alokasi anggaran yang diberikan, juga secara khusus untuk sektor pendidikan yang menjadi salah satu sektor prioritas Otonomi Khusus. Penulisan ini menemukan sejumlah fakta melalui data yang ada, bahwa jumlah anggaran yang diberikan Pemerintah Pusat kepada Pemerintah Daerah Papua tidak berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan mutu pendidikan di Papua.

Abstract
The quality of human resources determines the progress of a country, so education is essential. According to national education achievement records, Papua is one of the regions with low educational attainment. In the constitution, it is clear that the state guarantees the right to education for every citizen fairly and equitably. However, there are still obstacles in practice, especially in the framework of Special Autonomy regulated in Law no. 2 of 2021 concerning the Second Amendment to Law no. 21 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of Papua. The granting of the Special Autonomy status also affects the budget allocation given, also specifically for the education sector, which is one of the priority sectors of Special Autonomy. This writing finds several facts through existing data that the amount of budget given by the Central Government to the Papua Regional Government is not directly proportional to the improvement of the quality of education in Papua.
Emotional intelligence – a Romanian qualitative study
Authors: Dincă Violeta Mihaela 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The following research questions will be answered in this article: Can emotional intelligence be implemented in our professional life? In what way can emotional intelligence have a beneficial effect on the business performance of the company? An extensive explanation of the concept, courtesy of the authors who have treated the subject and helped explain emotional intelligence in key words, is provided throughout the paper. The practical part consists in a qualitative study using the individual interview method. The reference group is represented by 22 individuals who have managerial positions within the Romanian branch of a multinational consulting company and who, by definition, are associated with this theme. Finally, by analyzing the interviews, a clear result was provided which demonstrated that a proper employee-employer relationship basing itself on a high emotional intelligence level has a positive influence on the efficiency of the workforce.
Psychological Safety as a catalyst for Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Staneiu Roxana-Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The power of knowledge has become one of the main pillars on which one can rely on in a world governed by unpredictability and constant change. The process of knowledge sharing requires a trust climate in which one voluntarily choose to exchange information, values, and beliefs, making Psychological Safety (PS) a shelter to consider under the current hypercompetitive environment, allowing individuals to freely speak up and take risks. The present paper brings into attention creativity, trust, innovation, and transformational leadership as significant pillars of PS, highlighting the bilateral relation between them in conjunction with its effect on Knowledge Sharing. Using a qualitative methodology through bibliometric research in VOSviewer, 759 publications were taken into account to design a statistical bibliography map created by 304 keywords. The results of the paper indicates a positive effect of PS on knowledge sharing process, which is being mediated by innovation, creativity, trust, and transformational leadership.
Hospital Waste Management – Case Study “prof. dr. Eduard Apetrei” Hospital Buhuși
Authors: Savin Ion Marius 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The sustainability of healthcare can be defined as the quality of the medical care activity that is carried out without depleting the available resources and without destroying the environment, so without negatively affecting the health of the population and that does not use the resources in a way that affects the ability of the next generation to provide medical care and without increasing the number of chronic conditions.
Carrying out the medical activity involves enormous quantities of materials, energy, chemicals and water, resulting in large amounts of waste. Making healthcare more efficient can lead to the reduction in carbon emissions required by the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Healthcare is responsible for a number of negative environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, plastic waste and pharmaceutical pollution of ecosystems through improper excretion and disposal. Evidence of the extent of these effects has increased in high-income countries. The science of health sustainability explores the dimensions of resource consumption and environmental emissions associated with healthcare activities. This emerging area provides tools and values to quantify the unintended consequences of healthcare delivery and to assess effective approaches that improve patient safety while protecting public health.
Approaches to implementing fair trade practices for smallholder farmers
Authors: Sterie Cristina Maria , Ion Raluca Andreea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fair Trade is a global network, a certification system whereby producers meet certain social, economic and environmental standards, with additional funding to improve these conditions and a minimum price set for their products. The literature shows the rapid spread of movements implemented by countries who want fair trade, fair prices and high quality products. The present research demonstrates the need for the implementation of the Fair Trade movement at the level of each country in the European Union and the benefits for the actors involved. At the global movement level, the total number of producer organisations in the FairTrade scheme in 2020 was 1880, of which 950 were registered in Latin America and the Caribbean. The paper is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of areas and productions for the 7 main agricultural products: tea, coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, cottonseed and plants and flowers, as well as the calculation of the main statistical indicators standard deviation, coefficient of variation and growth rate. At E.U. level there are 16 countries representing national Fair Trade organisations, of which Germany ranked second in terms of retail trade of FairTrade products in 2017. The recognition of certification in Europe is an important asset, as the high living standards in Western European countries mean that they are interested in buying products with this label.
Digitalization of SMEs – pilot study on status, reasoning, and perception in a developing economy
Authors: Vavura Nicolae-Marius 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As digitalization in Europe is becoming more and more a priority, research has identified that there is a constantly existing gap between the European Union and the United States when it comes to the digitalization of enterprises. The situation is particularly obvious when it comes to the digitalization of small and medium enterprises. Published reports have noted that lack of access to financing is not seen as a debilitating factor, while developing economies in Europe, which the paper focuses on, do not report lack of infrastructure. As such, the paper produces, through a combined qualitative and quantitative pilot study, additional potential reasons for the lack of digitalization of SMEs in Europe which should be researched in the future: reactive mindset of waiting for growth in order to justify digitalization investments, lack of options for SMEs that do not necessarily desire to grow to large enterprises, and the lack of understanding of innovation and digitalization benefits for enterprises that do not have a culture for innovation.
Volatility spillover effects of oil, gold and bulk shipping prices on financial markets
Authors: Pleşa Georgiana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The volatility spillover effect plays an increasingly important role in the transmission of shocks mainly in recent periods, with the further advance of globalization and the rapid development in international linkages. This analysis of the interconnections between economic and financial markets has particular importance for investors in risk hedging strategies and portfolio diversification. Moreover, current turbulent periods, characterized by a volatile oil price, instability of gold price and supply bottlenecks caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic impose the necessity to study this effect. The novelty brought by this paper is related to the analysis of the spillover effect coming from oil, commodity and bulk shipping markets to financial markets of Eastern-Europe emerging markets, namely Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania. To assess this effect, in this study it was implemented a widely used model in research papers model, more exactly the bivariate GARCH-BEKK (1,1) from the period July 2012 – February 2022. The results suggest the long-term memory of volatility in these markets, while direct interconnection and unidirectional spillovers effects are expected to be underlined by the volatility of gold returns on the stock markets returns.