bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring durophagy among modern gray wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem with dental microwear texture analysis
Authors: Burtt Amanda A. , DeSantis Larisa R. G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGray wolf (Canis lupus) dietary behavior can be highly variable; prey species for wolves span a range of ungulates to the consumption of smaller animals. While prey species for wolves are well documented, carcass utilization within and between wolf populations is less understood. This paper examines a modern population of wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) with dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) to gauge utilization of bone resources, or durophagy, across biological, physical, social, geographical, and temporal variables. Results indicate gradation in durophagous behavior among GYE wolves does not correlate with sex, intra‐population body size (as inferred from skeletal and soft tissue measurements), pack association, or age class. Together, findings suggest that feeding ecologies for wolves are not specific to these factors. We also found that antemortem tooth breakage rates are not positively correlated with dental microwear textures that infer durophagy. We further compare dental microwear measures with previously published data from Alaskan wolves, who were collected decades before the GYE wolf sample. Results imply elevated carcass exploitation in the contemporary GYE wolf population sample. If minimal inter‐population differences are assumed, data presented here show dietary behaviors of North American gray wolves have changed over the past fifty years, indicating a possible long‐term trend that may be linked to decreased winter severity and climate change.
The lived experience of parenting a child with sensory sensitivity and picky eating
Authors: Cunliffe Louise , Coulthard Helen , Williamson Iain R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract“Picky eating” is a common behaviour seen in childhood in both clinical and nonclinical populations. Sensory processing difficulties have been repeatedly associated with food refusal and picky eating behaviours. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of parents/caregivers who have a child displaying both sensory processing differences and picky eating behaviours utilising Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Participants were recruited from social media support groups for parents of picky eating children. Pre‐selection criteria utilised an adapted short sensory profile questionnaire to ensure the children displayed probable/definite taste‐smell, audio‐visual and tactile sensory sensitivities. Twelve participants fulfilling the required criteria were interviewed face to face utilising a semi‐structured interview schedule. Interviews were transcribed and analysed following IPA guidelines and three common themes are presented here: Battling for control of the sensory environment, Living with stigma and, disapproval, and Staying positive and moving forward. The findings show the very considerable day‐to‐day challenges of parenting a child with sensory issues with food, including a lack of support and criticism from others. It was apparent that the parents in our study gradually adopted a positive and accepting attitude to their child's eating. This acceptance allowed them to have positive interactions around food with their child such as cooking and playing with food, suggesting that experiential activities serve an important purpose in this population. Further research should examine whether parental interventions based on acceptance of child eating behaviour, and commitment to gradual positive food interactions would be the best strategy to support parents and children.
Making quality improvement data more accessible and understandable: Analyst, designer, and storyteller
Authors: Waddell Greg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaking data more accessible and understandable in quality improvement requires a diversity of approaches beyond formal teaching in technical skills of measurement. Improvement practitioners might co‐opt the wider skillset of analyst, designer, and storyteller in tailoring the team strategy needed to make best use of the data used to inform decision‐making at the point of care. Data literacy levels, negative prior experiences, or limited access to technology might influence the ability of teams to engage in measurement. Co‐designing the experience ensures that the data are meaningful, that it is framed in inclusive language, and that the process is manageable. Being mindful about intrinsic motivators when designing measurement strategies can improve the collective approach to data analysis and the sustainability of the project. Thoughtful data visualization takes account of the inherent perceptual challenges of comprehending data and complex images. Establishing a routine of simplification—removing redundant elements and distractions—and amplifying aspects that aid understanding can bring clarity to the important concepts within a chart. Story‐telling techniques can help wider audiences engage with data by carefully shaping analytical and emotional content around a central narrative—always mindful of the limitations of working memory, and the emotional momentum needed to inspire change.
Development of single nucleotide polymorphism‐based functional molecular markers from the Lr22a gene sequence in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Sharma Jyoti Saini , McCallum Brent D. , Hiebert Colin W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe adult‐plant leaf rust resistant gene Lr22a confers broadly effective resistance against the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt) in wheat that has not been extensively utilized in wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to develop robust functional molecular markers using the Lr22a gene sequence to facilitate integration of Lr22a in breeding programmes. The Lr22a coding sequence was used to identify isolated SNPs and four kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (KASP) markers were developed. For marker testing, a F2:3 population was developed by crossing a near‐isogenic line RL4495 (Lr22a carrier) with Thatcher and phenotyped with Pt race TDBJ and genotyped with a 90K iSelect SNP array, four KASP markers and two SSR markers. A linkage map of chromosome arm 2DS that included Lr22a was constructed. The KASP markers co‐segregated with Lr22a and were validated for cross‐applicability on a panel of wheat lines. KASP markers Kwh636, Kwh637 and Kwh638 reliably detected the presence or absence of Lr22a. The markers developed in this study will facilitate Lr22a selection in breeding programmes.
Recommended Reference Values for Risk Assessment of Oral Exposure to Copper
Authors: Taylor Alicia A. , Tsuji Joyce S. , McArdle Margaret E. , Adams William J. , Goodfellow William L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database, the authoritative source of U.S. risk assessment toxicity factors, currently lacks an oral reference dose (RfD) for copper. In the absence of such a value, various health‐based reference values for copper are available for use in risk assessment. We summarize the scientific bases and differences in assumptions among key reference values for ingested copper to guide selection of appropriate values for risk assessment. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature best supports the oral RfD of 0.04 mg/kg body weight/day derived by EPA from their Drinking Water Action Level. This value is based on acute gastrointestinal effects but is further supported by broader analysis of copper deficiency and toxicity.
Using an adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system model to predict the loss ratio of petroleum insurance in Egypt
Authors: Khalil Ahmed A. , Liu Zaiming , Ali Attia A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInsurance companies and those interested in developing insurance services seek to use modern mathematical and statistical methods to study further and analyze all the company's corporate internal and external performance indicators. Loss ratio is a vital indicator used to measure performance and predict future losses in insurance companies. Many pivotal processors, such as underwriting and pricing depending on it. Therefore, accurate predictions assist insurance companies in making decisions properly. Thus, this paper aims to use the adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models in forecasting the loss ratio of petroleum insurance in Misr Insurance Holding Company from 1995 to 2019. We applied many ANFIS models according to ANFIS properties and used the first 21 years (1995–2015), making up the training data set, which represents 85% of the data, as well as the past 4 years (2016–2019). Which are used for the testing stage and represent 15% of the data. Our finding concluded that ANFIS models give more accurate results than ARIMA models in predicting the loss ratio during the investigation by comparing results using predictive accuracy measures.
New hemodynamic variables as predictors of arteriovenous fistula maturation
Authors: Abreu Rui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionFailure to mature of native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) assessed by image is not well documented.MethodsThe aim of this study is to evaluate AVF maturation by Doppler ultrasound within 6 weeks after surgery and check for new hemodynamic variables as prognostic factors.ResultsA total of 155 native AVFs were created in 3 years. Median age of patients was 71 years (60;79), with male gender predominance of 59.4% (n = 92). Diabetes was present in 60.6% (n = 94). AVF was created in distal forearm in 49.7% (n = 77). Un‐assisted and overall maturation was of 67.1% (n = 104) and 83.9% (n = 130), respectively. Failure to mature occurred in 21.3% (n = 33) and primary failure in 9.7% (n = 15). In univariate analysis, preoperative variables such as diameter of artery (3.5 vs. 2.2 mm; p < 0.001) and pulsatility index (7.9 vs. 6.6; p = 0.055) were associated with failure to mature of AVF. Postoperative variables as Qa (994 vs. 401 mL/min; p < 0.001), resistance index (0.52 vs. 0.63; p < 0.001), pulsatility index (0.74 vs. 1.21; p < 0.001), and acceleration time (0.17 vs. 0.12; p < 0.001) also predicted an unfunctional AVF. Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was good for resistance index (−0.628) and pulsatility index (−0.707) in comparison with blood flow (Qa). In multivariate analysis, postoperative pulsatility index was an independent predictor of AVF dysfunction (OR: 16.5; p < 0.001).ConclusionsFailure to mature was of 21.3%. Pulsatility index could be an important tool as new hemodynamic variable to predict failure to mature of native AVF.
ASSESSMENT OF RADIO TELECOMMUNICATION COVERAGE SIGNAL USING GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Baharim Mohd Sharul Aikal , Sabri Nor Hazmin , Umar Roslan , Othman Ainon Nisa , Abdul Rahman Siti Nur Dianah 
Published: February 2022

With the advancement in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the importance of telecommunication sectors is irrefutable. Rapid growth in this sector requires a good network coverage so the application of the technology is accessible for all purpose from everywhere. In this study, the radio telecommunication coverage signal in Kg. Gong Badak, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) and Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA) have analysed to estimate the frequency (MHz) level using different interpolation techniques (IDW, Natural Neighbor, and Kriging) to select the best method. Then, the relationship between signal strength level (amplitude) and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) data was identified. Several statistical approaches such as Linear Regression Model and Rank Spearman Correlation Coefficient were implemented in this study. From the findings, we found that the Kriging method is the best technique to be applied for network coverage assessment. We also found that the relationship between signal strength (amplitude) and LULC in Kg. Gong Badak exists either in environmental aspects or physical structures. Kg.Tok Jembal, UMT, Kg. Pak Tuyu and Kg. Jati show a strong positive linear relationship (p-value of < 1%) between signal strength received and a 100-meter interval for 1 kilometer from the base station tower (BST). This indicates that the distance from the BST determines the signal strength. This study can be beneficial for the government and the players in the telecommunication industry to monitor the network coverage in Malaysia to provide a better service.
The Effect of Exercise Therapy Interventions on Shoulder Pain and Musculoskeletal Risk Factors for Shoulder Pain in Competitive Swimmers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yoma Matias , Herrington Lee , Mackenzie Tanya A. 
Published: February 2022

Context: Shoulder pain is the main cause of missed or modified training in competitive swimmers. Exercise therapy can improve the outcomes, yet uncertainty exists regarding the characteristics of these interventions. Objectives: The primary aim was to describe the evidence base relating to the effectiveness of exercise therapy interventions on shoulder pain and shoulder musculoskeletal risk factors for shoulder pain in swimmers. The secondary aim was to identify gaps in the literature and provide recommendations for future research and practice. Evidence Acquisition: A scoping review methodology was applied through the search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. The authors included any research studies (except clinical commentaries and conference papers) that assess the effect of exercise therapy on shoulder pain and musculoskeletal risk factors for shoulder pain in swimmers. The literature was critically appraised using the Modified Down and Black checklist. Evidence Synthesis: From 452 papers identified, 14 studies were included in this review. An exercise program of 6 to 8 weeks, including strengthening exercises (shoulder external rotator and scapula retractor muscles) and stretches (pectoral muscles), can decrease the incidence of shoulder pain in swimmers. Furthermore, a combination of exercises and stretches with manual therapy techniques can help to decrease shoulder pain in injured swimmers. Regarding risk factors, a strengthening program of more than 12 weeks increased shoulder external rotation peak force, endurance, and external rotation/internal rotation ratio; however, this was not associated to decreases in pain. Finally, open kinetic chain exercises and a dry-land program are superior to close kinetic exercises and water training for improving shoulder external rotation strength and endurance. Conclusions: Exercise therapy has positive effects on reducing the incidence of shoulder pain, the management of shoulder pain, and improving shoulder musculoskeletal risk factors in competitive swimmers. However, due to methodological limitations of the studies, caution must be used when applying these results in practice. Future research should focus on high-quality randomized controlled trials for prevention and management of shoulder pain in swimmers.
Effect of asthma education on health outcomes in children: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Wen-Yi , Jiesisibieke Zhu Liduzi , Tung Tao-Hsin 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIt remains unknown whether child-oriented asthma education is associated with better health outcomes. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of asthma education on hospitalisation and emergency department and clinic visits.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE for relevant studies from inception to 4 July 2021, and selected studies that reported hospitalisation or emergency department or clinic visits as outcomes. The participants were only children. Two authors independently selected the studies, assessed the quality of the included studies and retrieved the data. A third senior author was engaged to resolve disagreements. Fifteen longitudinal studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 was used as the standard of reporting (PRISMA registration ID is 284509).FindingsCompared with the control group, the asthma education group had 54% lower hospitalisation risk (95% CI 0.32 to 0.66), and 31% lower emergency department visit risk (95% CI 0.59 to 0.81). Sensitivity analysis showed that the asthma education group had a reduced clinic visit risk (risk ratio (RR)=0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97). Subgroup analysis showed that asthma education involving both children and parents/guardians was associated with fewer hospitalisations (RR=0.38, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.59) and emergency department visits (RR=0.69, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.83). Asthma education in hospitals or non-hospitals can reduce the risk of hospitalisation and emergency department visits. However, only education in the hospitals was associated with the reduction of clinical visits (RR=0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.92).InterpretationEducation is effective for controlling asthma, especially for reducing hospitalisation and emergency department and clinic visits. Education involving both children and parents/guardians is more effective than that involving only children. The setting of asthma education does not impact its effect to a large extent.
Current practice in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: Yogeswaran Kengadhevi , Furtado João M , Bodaghi Bahram , Matthews Janet M ,   International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group, Smith Justine R 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundOcular toxoplasmosis is common across all regions of the world. Understanding of the epidemiology and approach to diagnosis and treatment have evolved recently. In November 2020, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group to define current practice.Methods192 Study Group members from 48 countries completed a 36-item survey on clinical features, use of investigations, indications for treatment, systemic and intravitreal treatment with antiparasitic drugs and corticosteroids, and approach to follow-up and preventive therapy.ResultsFor 77.1% of members, unilateral retinochoroiditis adjacent to a pigmented scar accounted for over 60% of presentations, but diverse atypical presentations were also reported. Common complications included persistent vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane, cataract, and ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Most members used clinical examination with (56.8%) or without (35.9%) serology to diagnose typical disease but relied on intraocular fluid testing—usually PCR—in atypical cases (68.8%). 66.1% of members treated all non-pregnant patients, while 33.9% treated selected patients. Oral trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was first-line therapy for 66.7% of members, and 60.9% had experience using intravitreal clindamycin. Corticosteroid drugs were administered systemically by 97.4%; 24.7% also injected corticosteroid intravitreally, almost always in combination with an antimicrobial drug (72.3%). The majority of members followed up all (60.4%) or selected (35.9%) patients after resolution of acute disease, and prophylaxis against recurrence with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was prescribed to selected patients by 69.8%.ConclusionOur report presents a current management approach for ocular toxoplasmosis, as practised by a large international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists.
Poor isometric neck extension strength as a risk factor for concussion in male professional Rugby Union players
Authors: Farley Theo , Barry Ed , Sylvester Richard , Medici Akbar De , Wilson Mathew G 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundConcussion is one of the highest burden injuries within professional Rugby Union (‘rugby’) and comes with a high health and financial cost to players and teams. Limited evidence exists as to the existence of modifiable intrinsic risk factors for concussion, leaving athletes and clinicians with few options when developing prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo investigate whether neck strength is significantly associated with concussion incidence in professional male rugby players.Methods225 rugby players were assessed for neck strength at three time points throughout the 2018/2019 season using a method of isometric contraction. Associations with clinically diagnosed concussion injuries are presented as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsThirty concussions occurred in 29 players during the study period; a rate of 13.7 concussions per 1000 hours played. Greater neck strength was observed at mid and end of season time points versus preseason across the study population. There was a significant association between extension strength and concussion; a 10% increase for extension strength was associated with a 13% reduction in concussion rate (adjusted IRR (95% CI) 0.87 (0.78 to 0.98). No other significant associations were observed between concussion incidence and any other unique neck strength range or composite score.ConclusionHigher neck extension strength is associated with lower concussion rates in male rugby players. Neck strength is a modifiable intrinsic risk factor for concussion and may be an important component of a strength and conditioning regime.
Educational online prevention programme (the SPRINT study) has no effect on the number of running-related injuries in recreational runners: a randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Cloosterman Kyra L A , Fokkema Tryntsje , de Vos Robert-Jan , Visser Edwin , Krastman Patrick , IJzerman John , Koes Bart W , Verhaar Jan A N , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an enhanced online injury prevention programme on the number of running-related injuries (RRIs) in recreational runners.MethodsWe conducted a randomised-controlled trial in runners who registered for running events (distances: 10–42.195 km) in the Netherlands. Adult runners who provided informed consent were randomised into the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group received access to the online prevention programme, which included items to prevent RRIs. Participants in the control group followed their regular preparation for the running event. The primary outcome measure was the number of new RRIs from baseline to 1 month after the running event. To determine differences between injury proportions, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThis study included 4050 recreational runners (63.5% males; mean (SD) age: 42.3 (12.1) years) for analyses. During follow-up, 35.5% (95% CI: 33.5 to 37.6) of the participants in the intervention group sustained a new RRI compared with 35.4% (95% CI: 33.3 to 37.5) of the participants in the control group, with no between-group difference (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.17). There was a positive association between the number of items followed in the injury prevention programme and the number of RRIs (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.11).ConclusionThe enhanced online injury prevention programme had no effect on the number of RRIs in recreational runners, and being compliant with the programme paradoxically was associated with a slightly higher injury rate. Future studies should focus on individual targeted prevention with emphasis on the timing and application of preventive measures.Trial registration numberNL7694.