bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildland urban interface of the City of Cape Town 1990–2019
Authors: Christ Sven , Schwarz Nina , Sliuzas Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWildfire affecting urban areas at the wildland urban interface (WUI) is a growing global concern, where management is important for urban residents as well as wildland vegetation. We used a socio‐ecological system perspective to investigate the interactions of urban land with a fire‐dependent wildland in South Africa’s City of Cape Town (CoCT). We examined changes in population growth, land cover change and related WUI footprint, occurrence of large fires, and related policies over time. We used Landsat data to track changes over the period 1990–2019 in the formal and informal urban and wildland footprint, census data to track changes in population, and difference normalised burn ratio and MODIS burned area product to track large fires. The urban footprint has expanded greatly and through consolidation has led to the reduction of the WUI. Furthermore, evidence points to an increase in fire suppression, even though national policies ask for wildfires to run their course where possible and appropriate. As a result of pressure from urban residents, local managers prefer short term fire suppression to long term risk reduction for urban areas and ecological management of wildland. Framing the problem as a socio‐ecological system enabled us to highlight how WUI management is a product of interaction between urban development, wildland type and policies. Our findings emphasise the point that wildland management is driven by urban residents and local municipalities, with national fire and disaster management policies not fully implemented.
Gender in Human Resources: Hiding in plain sight
Authors: Ainsworth Susan , Pekarek Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper argues an important aspect of Human Resources (HR) as an occupation has been largely overlooked by mainstream and critical scholars alike: its gendered qualities. Gender is ‘hiding in plain sight’ in the sense that its high concentration of women is obvious but has attracted only sporadic academic commentary. We suggest rather than simply a ‘feminised’ area of management, contemporary HR is a complex mix of both masculine‐coded and feminine‐coded values, priorities and norms derived from earlier traditions of welfare and personnel management as well as the later influence of strategic management. Attention to this gendered complexity can help us understand how the HR occupation is experienced in everyday interactions and provide an alternative perspective that enriches Critical Human Resource Management.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal laterally spreading tumors: Clinical outcomes and predictors of technical difficulty
Authors: Zhu Min , Xu Yao , Yu Li , Niu Ying Lin , Ji Ming , Li Peng , Shi Hai Yun , Zhang Shu Tian 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) and the factors related to technical difficulty.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent ESD for colorectal LSTs between June 2013 and January 2019 were retrospectively included. Factors associated with difficult ESD procedures (defined as conversion to piecemeal resection or discontinuation of endoscopic procedure), and dissection with a slow speed (<8 mm2/min), were determined using the logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 325 patients with 342 colorectal LSTs (median size 20.0 mm) were enrolled. The proportions of granular (LST‐G) and non‐granular LST (LST‐NG) were 62.9% and 37.1%, respectively. The overall en bloc and complete resection rates were 89.8% and 81.9%, respectively. The endoscopic procedure was discontinued in four lesions (1.2%), and 31 (9.1%) converted to piecemeal resection because of technical difficulty. Using multivariate analysis, positive non‐lifting sign (odds ratio [OR] 19.9, P < 0.001), tumor size ≥20 mm (OR 10.0, P < 0.001), and less experienced endoscopists (OR 3.7, P = 0.005) were independent factors for technically difficult procedure. Positive non‐lifting sign (OR 3.7, P = 0.004), lesion size <20 mm (OR 3.7, P < 0.001), LST‐NG type (OR 1.8, P = 0.034), and less colorectal ESD experience (OR 1.9, P = 0.016) were independent factors of slow‐speed dissection.ConclusionsESD was feasible and safe for treating colorectal LSTs. Positive non‐lifting sign and tumor ≥20 mm indicated difficult ESD procedures. Technical failure was more likely to occur in lesions resected by less‐experienced endoscopists. Dissection speed might be improved with more experienced operators.
Establishment of a faecal DNA quantification technique for rare and cryptic diet constituents in small mammals
Authors: Groen Kevin , Trimbos Krijn B. , Hein Susanne , Blaauw Astrid I. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Hahne Joerg , Jacob Jens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDNA‐based approaches have greatly improved the applicability of dietary studies aimed at investigating ecological processes. These studies have provided direct insights into, otherwise difficult to measure, interactions between species and trophic levels, food web structure and ecosystem functioning. However, despite these advances, DNA‐based methods have struggled to accurately quantify the whole breadth of diet constituents because of methodological biases, such as amplification bias and digestive processes. The present study is, to our knowledge, the first diet study to use droplet digital PCR to quantify diet constituents. We manipulated the diet of wild‐caught wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by feeding them with a known amount of small vegetable seeds (onion and carrot) and quantified the DNA traces of these diet constituents in faecal samples. The sensitivity of the technique combined with the control on the experimental design allowed mitigation of methodological bias. We were able to accurately determine DNA concentrations of small vegetable seeds in the diet of wood mice. Quantification of target DNA demonstrated significant differences in DNA content when one vs. five seeds were consumed. These differences remained significant when the age, sex and other diet constituents of the mice were altered. Different DNA markers, targeting different parts of the chloroplast, influenced onion DNA detectability. However, all onion and carrot markers showed higher DNA content for higher seed numbers. Overall, the sensitive DNA‐based approach developed in this study allows for minimally invasive quantification of small diet constituents in faeces, which would otherwise be undetectable with traditional methods.
The Lon protease negatively regulates pyoluteorin biosynthesis through the Gac/Rsm‐RsmE cascade and directly degrades the transcriptional activator PltR in Pseudomonas protegens H78
Authors: Wang Zheng , Huang Xianqing , Nie Chenxi , Xiang Tao , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPyoluteorin (Plt) is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial and antifungal activities. In Pseudomonas protegens H78, the Plt biosynthetic operon pltLABCDEFG is transcriptionally activated by the LysR‐type regulator PltR and is positively regulated by the Gac/Rsm signal transduction cascade (GacS/A‐RsmXYZ‐RsmE‐pltR/pltAB). Additionally, Plt biosynthesis has been shown to be significantly enhanced by mutation of the Lon protease‐encoding gene. This study aims to understand the negative regulation pathway and molecular mechanism by which Lon functions in Plt biosynthesis. lon deletion was first found to improve the antimicrobial ability of strain H78 due to its increased Plt production, while partially inhibiting the growth of H78 strain. Lon protease decreases the abundance and stability of the two‐component system response regulator GacA and thus participates in the abovementioned Gac/Rsm cascade and negatively regulates Plt biosynthesis. Similarly, Lon protease also decreases the abundance and stability of transcriptional activator PltR. PltR protein can be directly degraded by the Lon protease but not by a mutated form of Lon protease with an amino acid replacement of S674‐A. In summary, Lon protease negatively regulates Plt biosynthesis via both the Gac/Rsm‐mediated global regulatory pathway and the direct degradation of the transcriptional activator PltR in P. protegens H78.
Persistence Against the Odds: How Entrepreneurial Agents Helped the UN Joint Inspection Unit to Prevail
Authors: Heldt Eugénia C. , Mello Patrick A. , Novoselova Anna , Ramon Serrano Oswald Omar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince its inception in 1966, the United Nations Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) has prevailed in the face of significant existential challenges. Against this backdrop, we investigate how and why the JIU persisted over time. Combining delegation and historical institutionalist approaches, we posit that entrepreneurial agents and layering processes together help us better understand persistence of international organizations. Based on semi‐structured interviews with UN staff and JIU inspectors, we examine three critical junctures in the history of the JIU. Our results show that entrepreneurial agents and stakeholders in the JIU managed to avoid the closure or demotion of the JIU by engaging in a strategy of institutional layering. Our analysis, however, also demonstrates that the JIU survived at the price of losing its privilege as the central UN oversight body. These findings have implications for the study of international organizations and for the reform of the UN system at large.
Establishment and characterization of a novel highly malignant lung cancer cell line ZX2021H derived from a metastatic lymph node lesion
Authors: Zu Lingling , Li Xuebing , He Jinling , Zhou Ning , Meng Fanrong , Li Xiaozhou , Xu Song , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The establishment of faithful ex vivo cell models is essential for investigating the metastatic mechanisms and developing new anticancer agents. In this study, we established and characterized a novel lung cancer cell line derived from metastatic lymph node tissue from a Chinese patient.MethodsA primary culture of metastatic lymph node tissue from a patient with lung cancer was used to establish a cell line. The phenotypic characteristics of the cell line were characterized by colony‐formation, CCK8, and Transwell assays, and xenografting. The genetic characteristics were evaluated by chromosome analysis, short tandem repeat (STR) profiling, and quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsA novel lung cancer cell line, named ZX2021H, was successfully established from a metastatic lymph node lesion from a lung cancer patient. The cell line exhibited high capacities for proliferation and invasion, as validated by its phenotypic and genetic characteristics. This cell line had a unique STR profile and karyotype analysis revealed numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities. The growth rate of in vivo xenografted tumors established using ZX2021H cells was higher than that using H1299 cells. The cell stemness‐related gene SOX2 was overexpressed in ZX2021 compared with H1299 cells, as determined by qRT‐PCR.ConclusionWe successfully established a novel, highly malignant lung cancer cell line, ZX2021H, derived from metastatic lymph node tissue from a Chinese lung cancer patient. This cell line may provide an ideal cell model for further studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer metastasis and for the development of new anticancer agents.
The quest for a good life: Incense seeing and the porous and dividual hoping person in North China
Authors: Qu Ray 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe focus on human intention and action in anthropological studies of hope has made it difficult to attend to the aspects of a hopeful life that lie outside a hoping person's purpose and control. This article brings the concepts of porous and dividual personhood into conversation with the fast‐growing literature on hope to explore how spiritual forces shape the hoping person and the practices of hope for a good life in North China's Xia County. The lived experience of my Chinese interlocutors calls attention to the fact that hoping persons are often entangled in extended relationships with spiritual forces as well as other humans. An extended relational framework allows us to attend more carefully to the contingency and complexity of hope, and brings a more nuanced lens to personhood, one that rejects the Enlightenment idea that persons are autonomous, bounded agents, fully in charge of their own worlds.
Enhancing well‐being and alleviating depressive symptoms in people with HIV/AIDS: An intervention based on if–then plans with self‐affirming cognitions
Authors: Łakuta Patryk , Krankowska Dagny , Marcinkiewicz Przemysław , Bociąga‐Jasik Monika , Komorska‐Błażewicz Agnieszka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEffective antiretroviral treatment has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, and currently, the challenges of prominent importance appear to be mental health issues. This preregistered study among adults living with HIV/AIDS investigated the effectiveness of a brief self‐affirmation intervention framed in terms of if–then plans (i.e. self‐affirming implementation intentions [S‐AII]) against both active and non‐active control conditions, forming non‐affirming implementation intentions and mere goal intentions, respectively. The primary outcomes were defined as a reduction of depressive symptoms and enhancement of well‐being, along with secondary outcomes as positive other‐ and self‐directed feelings. A total of 162 individuals were assessed for eligibility, and 130 (aged 18–74 years) were randomized to the study conditions. Intervention effects were estimated through intention‐to‐treat analysis, using linear mixed models. The S‐AII intervention yielded improvements in overall well‐being over 2 weeks (d = .23), primarily driven by positive changes in emotional (d = .24) and social (d = .30) dimensions of well‐being. There were no significant differences in depression or secondary outcomes. Based on a minimal clinically important difference index, the S‐AII intervention resulted in improvement in well‐being in approximately 40 percent of participants. Nevertheless, further systematic research is needed to optimize self‐affirmation‐interventions, before their application in real‐life contexts.
Investigating the utility of the COM‐B and TM model to explain changes in eating behaviour during pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rockliffe Lauren , Peters Sarah , Smith Debbie M. , Heal Calvin , Heazell Alexander E. P. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesPregnancy has been described as a ‘teachable moment’ for behaviour change, which presents an important opportunity for health promotion within antenatal care settings. However, no pregnancy‐specific model has been developed or tested in the context of health behaviour change during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate and compare the utility of the Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation Behaviour (COM‐B) and Teachable Moments (TM) models, to explain health behaviour change during pregnancy, within the context of eating behaviour.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.MethodsFive hundred and sixteen women completed a survey at between 12–16 weeks gestation (T1). Follow‐up data were collected at 20–24 weeks (T2), 36–40 weeks (T3), and 6–12 weeks postnatally (T4). The primary outcome was eating behaviour. To assess the utility of the COM‐B model, perceived capability, opportunity, and motivation to eat healthily were measured. To assess the utility of the TM model, risk perceptions, self‐image, and affective response were measured.ResultsOverall, the COM‐B model explained 18.4% of the variance in eating behaviour, whilst the TM model explained 9%. Both models explained the most variance in eating behaviour at T1 and T3, compared with T2 and T4. Small changes were observed in eating behaviour and the model constructs over the time period studied, although these were not clinically meaningful.ConclusionsNeither the COM‐B nor TM model provide a satisfactory explanation of eating behaviour during pregnancy, however the findings suggest that certain stages of pregnancy may create more salient opportunities for behaviour change. The findings also support claims that motivation may not play a key role in directing eating behaviour during pregnancy. Further research is needed to explore the role of timing in antenatal behaviour change. The development of a pregnancy‐specific model is necessary to optimise understanding of pregnancy as a teachable moment for behaviour change.
NeRF‐Tex: Neural Reflectance Field Textures
Authors: Baatz H. , Granskog J. , Papas M. , Rousselle F. , Novák J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate the use of neural fields for modelling diverse mesoscale structures, such as fur, fabric and grass. Instead of using classical graphics primitives to model the structure, we propose to employ a versatile volumetric primitive represented by a neuralreflectancefield (NeRF‐Tex), which jointly models the geometry of the material and its response to lighting. The NeRF‐Tex primitive can be instantiated over a base mesh to ‘texture’ it with the desired meso and microscale appearance. We condition the reflectance field on user‐defined parameters that control the appearance. A single NeRF texture thus captures an entire space of reflectance fields rather than one specific structure. This increases the gamut of appearances that can be modelled and provides a solution for combating repetitive texturing artifacts. We also demonstrate that NeRF textures naturally facilitate continuous level‐of‐detail rendering. Our approach unites the versatility and modelling power of neural networks with the artistic control needed for precise modelling of virtual scenes. While all our training data are currently synthetic, our work provides a recipe that can be further extended to extract complex, hard‐to‐model appearances from real images.
Histological and dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction when using collagen matrix and collagen‐embedded xenogenic bone substitute: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gabay Eran , Katorza Anat , Zigdon‐Giladi Hdar , Horwitz Jacob , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the horizontal and vertical dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge when using a collagen matrix in combination with collagen embedded xenogenic bone substitute, in comparison with natural healing after tooth extraction.MethodsPatients that required extraction in non‐molars areas were included. Test group‐15 sockets were treated with deproteinized bovine bone mineral containing 10% collagen (DBBM‐C), covered by a procaine collagen membrane (CMXs). Control group‐15 sockets left for spontaneous healing. We used a custom‐made acrylic stent as a reference for alveolar ridge measurements. Six‐month postoperative, a single implant was placed in the experimental site. A core biopsy was taken from the site, using a trephine bur. Histomorphometric analysis assessed bone area, connective tissue, bone marrow, and residual bone graft.ResultsSix months later, horizontal ridge width at −3 mm showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in both groups albeit smaller in the test group 1.19 ± 1.55 mm, compared with the control 2.27 ± 1.52 (p = 0.087). At −5 mm sub‐crestally, statistically non‐significant reduction was noted in both groups, 1.61 ± 1.53 and 1.96 ± 1.52 mm for the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.542). Vertical changes were smaller in the test group (0.14 ± 1.84 mm) compared with control (0.98 ± 1.49 mm). Keratinized tissue (KT) width was 7.3 ± 2.13 and 7.5 ± 3.49 mm in the test and control groups, respectively. Newly formed bone occupied 33.79 ± 17.37% and 51.14 ± 23.04% in the test and control groups, respectively, (p = 0.11). Connective tissue volume was 33.74 ± 13.81% and 30.12 ± 18.32% in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.65). Bone marrow occupied 19.57 ± 10.26% and 18.74 ± 17.15% in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.91). Residual graft occupied 12.9 ± 9.88% in the test group.ConclusionAlveolar ridge preservation using DBBM‐C resulted in reductions of the vertical and horizontal dimensions albeit not reaching statistical significance. The larger than anticipated standard deviation and smaller inter‐group differences might account for this phenomenon.
The effect of preoperative stoma site marking on risk of stoma‐related complications in patients with intestinal ostomy — A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ambe Peter C. , Kugler Charlotte Mareike , Breuing Jessica , Grohmann Erich , Friedel Julia , Hess Simone , Pieper Dawid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative stoma site marking on stoma‐related complications in patients with intestinal ostomy.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINHAL, and Google Scholar were searched up to August 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomised studies of interventions (NRSI) that involved patients with intestinal ostomies comparing preoperative stoma site marking to no marking and which reported at least one patient‐relevant outcome. Outcomes were prioritised by stakeholder involvement. Random‐effects meta‐analyses produced odds ratios (ORs) or standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The ROBINS‐I tool and the GRADE approach were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively.ResultsThis review included two RCTs and 25 NRSI. The risk of bias was high in RCTs and serious to critical in NRSI. Although preoperative site marking reduced stoma‐related complications (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: [0.31–0.65]), dependence on professional or unprofessional care (narrative synthesis), and increased health‐related quality of life (SMD: 1.13 [0.38–1.88]), the evidence is very uncertain. Preoperative site marking may probably reduce leakage (OR: 0.14 [0.06–0.37]) and may decrease dermatological complications (OR: 0.38 [0.29–0.50]) and surgical revision (OR: 0.09 [0.02–0.49]). The confidence in the cumulative evidence was moderate to very low.ConclusionDespite low quality evidence, preoperative stoma site marking can prevent stoma‐related complications and should be performed in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery given that this intervention poses no harm to patients.
Warm (for Winter): Inferring Comparison Classes in Communication
Authors: Tessler Michael Henry , Goodman Noah D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe meanings of natural language utterances depend heavily on context. Yet, what counts as context is often only implicit in conversation. The utterance it's warm outside signals that the temperature outside is relatively high, but the temperature could be high relative to a number of different comparison classes: other days of the year, other weeks, other seasons, etc. Theories of context sensitivity in language agree that the comparison class is a crucial variable for understanding meaning, but little is known about how a listener decides upon the comparison class. Using the case study of gradable adjectives (e.g., warm), we extend a Bayesian model of pragmatic inference to reason flexibly about the comparison class and test its qualitative predictions in a large‐scale free‐production experiment. We find that human listeners infer the comparison class by reasoning about the kinds of observations that would be remarkable enough for a speaker to mention, given the speaker and listener's shared knowledge of the world. Further, we quantitatively synthesize the model and data using Bayesian data analysis, which reveals that usage frequency and a preference for basic‐level categories are two main factors in comparison class inference. This work presents new data and reveals the mechanisms by which human listeners recover the relevant aspects of context when understanding language.