bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of lipases by nucleotide/metal ion coordination polymers: enzymatic properties and their applications in glycerolysis and esterification studies
Authors: Chen Wenyi , He Lihong , Song Wenzhu , Huang Jianrong , Zhong Nanjing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the present study, lipases of TLL (lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus), AOL (lipase from Aspergillus oryzae), RML (lipase from Rhizomucor miehei), BCL (lipase from Burkholderia cepacia), CALA (Candida antarctica lipase A) and LU (Lecitase® Ultra) were encapsulated into nucleotide‐hybrid metal coordination polymers (CPs). Enzyme concentration was optimized for encapsulation and the enzymatic properties of the obtained lipases were investigated. In addition, their performance in glycerolysis and esterification was evaluated, and glycerolysis conditions (water content, temperature and time) were optimized.RESULTSHydrolysis activity over 10 000 U g−1 and activity recovery over 90% were observed from AOL@GMP/Tb, TLL@GMP/Tb and RML@GMP/Tb. GMP/Tb encapsulation (of AOL, TLL, RML and LU) improved their thermostability when incubated in air. The encapsulated lipases exhibited moderate [triacylglycerols (TAG) conversion 30–50%] and considerable glycerolysis activity (TAG conversion over 60%). TAG conversions from 69.37% to 82.35% and diacylglycerols (DAG) contents from 58.62% to 64.88% were obtained from CALA@GMP/metal samples (except for CALA@GMP/Cu). Interestingly, none of the encapsulated lipases initiated the esterification reaction. AOL@GMP/Tb, TLL@GMP/Tb, RML@GMP/Tb and CALA@GMP/Tb showed good reusability in glycerolysis, with 88.80%, 94.67%, 89.85% and 78.16% of their initial glycerolysis activity, respectively, remaining after five cycles of reuse. The relationships between temperature and TAG conversion were LnV0 = 6.5364–3.7943/T and LnV0 = 13.8820–6.4684/T for AOL@GMP/Tb and CALA@GMP/Tb, respectively; in addition, their activation energies were 31.55 and 53.78 kJ mol−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONMost of the present encapsulated lipases exhibited moderate and considerable glycerolysis activity. In addition, AOL@GMP/Tb, TLL@GMP/Tb, RML@GMP/Tb and CALA@GMP/Tb exhibited good reusability in glycerolysis reactions and potential in practical applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Proteins from pseudocereal seeds: solubility, extraction, and modifications of the physicochemical and techno‐functional properties
Authors: Constantino Augusto Bene Tomé , Garcia‐Rojas Edwin Elard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPseudocereals (amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa) are emerging as popular gluten‐free crops. This may be attributed to their wide‐ranging health benefits, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic and serum‐cholesterol reducing properties. Proteins of these crops have a high nutritional quality as a result of the presence of essential amino acids. Additionally, amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa proteins (AP, BP and QP, respectively) have physicochemical properties that are useful for the manufacture of different types of food. However, native pseudocereal proteins demonstrate a low solubility in water, mainly because of their composition. The major components of these proteins are albumins (water‐soluble) and globulins (salt‐soluble), although some proportions of glutelin (alkali‐soluble) and prolamins (alcohol‐soluble) are also found. The most commonly used method for extracting pseudocereal proteins is the alkaline extraction method, which may contribute to the low solubility of pseudocereal protein. Fortunately, different methods for modifying physicochemical (or techno‐functional) properties have been proposed to extend their industrial application. For example, high‐intensity ultrasound (HIUS) proved useful for improving the solubility of API and QP. Heating can allow for the formation of soluble aggregates of QP. The combination of heating and HIUS can improve the digestibility, solubility and foam properties of AP. Conjugation through the Maillard reaction can improve BPI and QP interfacial properties. Thus, present study provides a review of the solubility, extraction and modification of the techno‐functional properties of AP, BP and QP. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
High hydrostatic pressure treatment reduces the potential antigenicity of β‐conglycinin by changing the protein structure during in vitro digestion
Authors: Bu Guanhao , Li Tanghao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment has been used to alleviate the allergenicity of soybeans, but there are little data about the potential antigenicity of β‐conglycinin after HHP treatment.RESULTSWe examined the effects of HHP treatment on the antigenicity and structure of β‐conglycinin. When the pressure was 300 and 400 MPa, HHP treatment reduced the immunoglobulin (Ig)G binding capacity of β‐conglycinin, while its IgE binding capacity did not change significantly. After in vitro digestion, both the IgE and IgG binding of β‐conglycinin was obviously inhibited after HHP treatment at 400 MPa and 60 °C, although its binding capacity with linear epitope antibodies increased. Moreover, HHP treatment changed the secondary structure of β‐conglycinin, the content of α‐helix and random coils increased, while the β‐sheet and β‐turn decreased. After HHP treatment, the conformational structure was unfolded so that a large number of hydrophobic regions were exposed.CONCLUSIONHHP treatment alleviated the potential antigenicity of β‐conglycinin by modifying its structure, which facilitated in vitro digestion and destroyed epitopes. This research provides a new insight into the mechanism of HHP treatment that affects the sensitization of soy protein allergens. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of drying on the physical and chemical properties of palm kernel oil
Authors: Habibiasr Mina , Mokhtar Mohd Noriznan , Ibrahim Mohd Nordin , Yunos Khairul Faezah Md. , Ibrahim Nuzul Amri 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPalm kernel is the edible seed of the oil palm fruit obtained during the palm oil milling process. For efficient processing and storage, the moisture content of palm kernel must be reduced to an optimal level by drying. This study aimed to see how drying influenced the physical structure and physicochemical properties of palm kernel and oil. Before and after drying, the free fatty acid (FFA), color, fatty acid composition, Fourier transform infrared, thermal properties and structure of palm kernel were investigated.RESULTSResults show that drying significantly (P < 0.05) reduced FFA and color of palm kernel oil. Drying also significantly affected (P < 0.05) composition of some fatty acids in palm kernel oil such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. However, drying did not affect palm kernel and palm kernel oil functional groups and thermal properties. After drying, structural damage of palm kernel was observed.CONCLUSIONBased on these findings, the quality of kernel oil may be maintained after drying, and it can even be improved based on lower FFA content. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fungal diversity and mycotoxins detected in maize stored in silo‐bags: a review
Authors: Brito Vanessa D , Achimón Fernanda , Zunino María P , Zygadlo Julio A , Pizzolitto Romina P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSilo‐bags are hermetic storage systems that inhibit fungal growth because of their atmosphere with low humidity, as well as low pH and O2 concentrations, and a high CO2 concentration. If a silo‐bag with stored maize loses its hermetic nature, it favors the development of fungi and the production of mycotoxins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review on the diversity of fungal species and mycotoxins that were reported in maize stored under the environmental conditions provided by silo‐bags. The genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium were found more frequently, whereas Acremonium spp., Alternaria sp., Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., Debaryomyces spp., Epiconum sp., Eupenicillium spp., Eurotium sp., Eurotium amstelodami, Hyphopichia spp., Hyphopichia burtonii, Moniliella sp., Wallemia sp. and genera within the orden Mucorales were reported less recurrently. Despite finding a great fungal diversity, all of the studies focused their investigations on a small group of toxins: fumonisins (FBs), aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), patulin (PAT), toxin T2 (T2) and ochratoxin (OT). Of the FBs, fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 presented higher incidence percentages, followed by fumonisin B3. Of the AFs, the only one reported was aflatoxin B1. The mycotoxins DON, ZEA and OT were found with lower incidences, whereas PAT and T2 were not detected. Good management practices of the silo‐bags are necessary to achieve a hermetically sealed environment, without exchange of gases and water with the external environment during the storage period. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Permethrin inhibits tube formation and viability of endothelial cells
Authors: Lee Hee‐Seop , Song Hee‐Jung , Park Yeonhwa , Smolensky Dmitriy , Lee Seong‐Ho 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDExposure to environmental chemicals has been linked with endothelial dysfunction, which is a leading cause of human diseases, including atherosclerosis. Permethrin is a frequently used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide for which longer exposure may cause toxicity in several types of tissues and the development of metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential adverse effect of permethrin on the function and activity of human endothelial cells.RESULTSPermethrin was found to repress migration and tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose‐dependent manner, as well as to significantly repress their viability after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Furthermore, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed in cells treated with permethrin, and the permethrin‐induced repression of cell viability was ROS‐dependent. Permethrin did not influence apoptosis, necrosis or mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study suggest that permethrin represses angiogenesis and viability through ROS‐dependent and cell growth‐, apoptosis‐ and necrosis‐independent means. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dietary live yeast supplementation alleviates transport‐stress‐impaired meat quality of broilers through maintaining muscle energy metabolism and antioxidant status
Authors: He Tengfei , Ma Jiayu , Mahfuz Shad , Zheng Yuhui , Long Shenfei , Wang Jian , Wu Di , Piao Xiangshu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary live yeast (LY, 1 × 1010 CFU g−1) supplementation on serum metabolic parameters, meat quality as well as antioxidant enzyme activity of transported broilers. A total of 192 one‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicates and eight chicks per replicate: a basal diet without transportation (CON), a basal diet containing 0 (T), 500 (T + LY500) and 1000 mg kg−1 (T + LY1000) LY with 3 h of transportation after feeding for 42 days, respectively. The serum and muscle samples of broilers were collected immediately after 3 h of transportation.RESULTSA higher (P < 0.05) final body weight and average daily weight gain were observed in T + LY1000 group compared with CON and T groups. The T + LY1000 group reduced (P < 0.05) the serum lactate contents and improved (P < 0.05) the pH24h and decreased (P < 0.05) the drip loss in muscles of transported‐broilers. Also, the T + LY1000 group enhanced (P < 0.05) the total‐antioxidant capacity and reduced (P < 0.05) the malondialdehyde in serum and muscles. Besides, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) in muscles was down‐regulated (P < 0.05) of T + LY1000 group compared with T group.CONCLUSIONDietary LY supplementation alleviates transport‐stress‐impaired meat quality of broilers through maintaining muscle energy metabolism and antioxidant status. Therefore, LY may serve as a potential protector for broilers under transport stress in the future. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits
Authors: Calabrò Serena , Oteri Marianna , Vastolo Alessandro , Cutrignelli Monica Isabella , Todaro Massimo , Chiofalo Biagina , Gresta Fabio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent decades, grain amaranths have attracted attention due to their valuable combination of nutritional traits, with higher protein and oil content than conventional cereals. Before they can be proposed as an unconventional ingredient in animal feed, many aspects still need to be investigated from field production to nutritive value. The present research aimed to study the agronomic traits, proximate composition, and digestibility/degradability, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of two grain amaranth species, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus (for a total of six accessions), grown in a Mediterranean environment.RESULTSBoth species showed seed yields comparable to or higher than the traditional cereal crops in the same environment. On the whole, A. cruentus resulted in a higher seed production than A. hypochondriacus. Mexico and Montana accessions, both belonging to A. cruentus, showed the highest yield (3.73 t ha−1, on average). Few differences emerged in nutritive value between species and accessions: the Illinois accession of A. cruentus showed the best performance in terms of in vitro degradability and gas production, but not for volatile fatty acid production; the fermentation kinetics was slowest in the Illinois accession and fastest in the Montana accession of A. cruentus and the India accession of A. hypochondriacus.CONCLUSIONFrom a health perspective, the Nebraska accession of A. hypochondriacus represents the best accession, with the lowest saturated fatty acid content and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Micron and nano hybrid ufasomes from conjugated linoleic acid, their vesiculation and encapsulation of ginsenoside Rg3
Authors: Liu Huan , Hu Xueyi , Li Lei , Meng Xinyu , Fang Yun , Xia Yongmei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnsaturated fatty acids used to form unstable micro‐vesicles, while conjugate linoleic acid (CLA)‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can self‐assembly to stable nano‐conjugate linoleic acid vesicles (nano‐CLAVs). Generally, micro‐capsule could geometrically provide higher loading capacity but also generate concerns in construction convenience, sustained release, bioaccessibility and stability. Hence there is a contradiction between loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency. Therefore, the study of the factors that decide the capsule size falling in nano or micron size with same capsule material would be a benefit to food or drug delivery science.RESULTSThe micron‐ and nano‐CLAVs were constructed for encapsulation and sustained release of ginsenoside Rg3. The formation mechanism of nano or micron capsule,s the effect of vesicle sizes on encapsulation efficiency, drug loading efficiency and stability of the encapsulated Rg3 were investigated. It was found that with the addition of salt (PBS), the size of CLAVs jumped from nano to micron. Furthermore, the salt concentration is the key factor that decides the vesicle size of nano or micron. The pH at fabrication triggers the vesiculation and dramatically affects the vesicle size over the nano and micron scales.CONCLUSIONCompared to the nano‐CLAVs, micron vesicles enhanced the loading capacity to 137.6% and the encapsulation efficiency to 138.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the micron‐CLAVs performed similar sustained release of Rg3 as the nano‐CLAVs did, and was stable for 120 days at room temperature or sustained 98.9% of capsules after centrifuge at 6090 × g for 20 min. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An investigation of functional quality characteristics and water interactions of navy bean, chickpea, pea, and lentil flours
Authors: Tas Ozan , Ertugrul Ulku , Grunin Leonid , Oztop Mecit Halil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLegume flours are great sources of protein, dietary fiber, starch, minerals, and vitamins. In recent years, the utilization of different legume flours in food systems has gained attention due to their sustainable and functional properties. This study aimed to characterize and examine the water interactions of different legume flours: navy bean, chickpea, pea, and lentil. For this purpose, in addition to the standard techniques (proximal analysis, Fourier transform infrared, protein solubility, and water solubility/absorption index), time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) relaxometry was also performed to explain the molecular interactions in the flours. Based on the results, carbohydrate and protein content of legume flours varied from 67.44 to 72.23 (g/100 g dw) and 23.19 to 27.03 (g/100 g dw) with low fat (0.86–5.44 [g/100 g dw]) and moisture content (6.01–8.14 [g/100 g dw]). Despite the slight differences in their compositions being small, moisture, protein, and carbohydrate contents influenced flour–water interactions. Thus, flour–water mixtures were assessed, and findings showed that water solubility index (WSI) followed the order: chickpea > lentil > navy bean > pea, whereas water absorption index (WAI) followed the order: pea > navy bean > lentil > chickpea. T2 relaxation times measured by NMR and protein solubility results were also in accordance with these results. The results of this study demonstrated that legume flours that were investigated offered potential for commercial applications. Because various food applications require different flour–water interactions, a suitable flour can be selected by considering these results.
Light‐driven dynamics between calcification and production in functionally diverse coral reef calcifiers
Authors: Mallon Jennifer , Cyronak Tyler , Hall Emily R. , Banaszak Anastazia T. , Exton Dan A. , Bass Adrian M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoral reef metabolism underpins ecosystem function and is defined by the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, calcification, and calcium carbonate dissolution. However, the relationships between these physiological processes at the organismal level and their interactions with light remain unclear. We examined metabolic rates across a range of photosynthesising calcifiers in the Caribbean: the scleractinian corals Acropora cervicornis, Orbicella faveolata, Porites astreoides, and Siderastrea siderea, and crustose coralline algae (CCA) under varying natural light conditions. Net photosynthesis and calcification showed a parabolic response to light across all species, with differences among massive corals, branching corals, and CCA that reflect their relative functional roles on the reef. At night, all organisms were net respiring, and most were net calcifying, although some incubations demonstrated instances of net calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution. Peak metabolic rates at light‐saturation (maximum photosynthesis and calcification) and average dark rates (respiration and dark calcification) were positively correlated across species. Interspecies relationships among photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification indicate that calcification rates are linked to energy production at the organismal level in calcifying reef organisms. The species‐specific ratios of net calcification to photosynthesis varied with light over a diurnal cycle. The dynamic nature of calcification/photosynthesis ratios over a diurnal cycle questions the use of this metric as an indicator for reef function and health at the ecosystem scale unless temporal variability is accounted for, and a new metric is proposed. The complex light‐driven dynamics of metabolic processes in coral reef organisms indicate that a more comprehensive understanding of reef metabolism is needed for predicting the future impacts of global change.
Stratification variability in a lagoon system in response to a passing storm
Authors: Kang Xinyi , Xia Meng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractShallow lagoon systems with limited river flow and precipitation are often regarded as being well‐mixed; however, stratification can occasionally occur in shallow lagoons in response to intense river runoffs and precipitation. Understanding the stratification behaviors of a shallow lagoon system is critical for future environmental assessment and management strategies. Thus, in this study, stratification and mixing mechanisms in a shallow lagoon system (the Maryland Coastal Bays) were investigated on an episodic scale during Hurricane Sandy (2012) by using a numerical model. The strength of stratification (Brunt‐Väisälä frequency, N in s−1) in the lagoon system varied spatially; and was determined by river flow, precipitation, winds, and remote forcing. During the pre‐Sandy period (October 25–28, 2012), the bays were relatively mixed without sufficient river flow and precipitation. Driven by intense river flow from the northern creeks (peak: 82.47 m3 s−1), high precipitation (peak: 3.29 × 10−6 m s−1), and strong storm winds (mean: 12.15 m s−1) during the Sandy period (October 28–31, 2012), the water column in the northern creeks of the bays became stratified (mean N2: ~ 0.01 s−2). During the post‐Sandy period (October 31–November 3, 2012), the St. Martin River among the northern creeks showed strong stratification (mean N2: ~ 0.03 s−2) due to weaker winds (mean: 5.70 m s−1) and residual high river flow and precipitation from the Sandy period. The wind was found to be the most dominant source of mixing in the bays, while remote forcing and wind regulated the stratification near the Ocean City Inlet.
Substituent Effects on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Resorcinol‐Based Semiaromatic Polyesters
Authors: Goto Tatsuya , Abe Hideki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently biobased plastics draw attention as eco‐friendly materials, and it is important to study the effects of substituents, which are popularly found in natural products, on the characteristics of the resulted polymers. In this study, twelve resorcinol‐based semiaromatic polyesters are successfully synthesized using four types of resorcinol derivatives (resorcinol, 2‐methylresorcinol, 5‐methylresorcinol, and 2,5‐dimethylresorcinol) and three types of dicarboxylic acids (glutaric acid, adipic acid, and pimelic acid) to investigate the effect of methylation at the 2‐ and 5‐positions in resorcinol. Glass‐transition temperature of the polyesters is located from ‐3.1 to 37.9 °C, and rises with increasing the number of methyl groups in a resorcinol unit. Crystallinity of the polyesters decreases by methylation to a resorcinol unit, except the polyester from 2‐methylresorcinol and pimelic acid. The mechanical properties of the solvent‐cast films for the polyesters are tunable by the site and number of methyl groups in a resorcinol unit. The major thermal degradation of the polyesters is observed above 300 °C, and the minor thermal decomposition appears between 100 and 200 °C for the polyesters without the resorcinol methylated at the 2‐position and pimelic acid unit.