bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Late Season Leafroller Control, 1975
Authors: Thomas John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was designed to determine if one application in early August or one application late in August or two applications in August of selected insecticides would control the tufted apple budmoth and redbanded leafroller. The schedule of materials used per acre (other than the test materials) was: April 14, Difolatan, grower applied; April 25, Oil 7E cone; May 5, Captan 50W 6.0 lb + Sulfur 6.0 lb + Agri-Strep 1.5 lb; May 20, Captan 50W 6.0 lb + Kararhane 1.0 lb + Zolone 3EC 42.0 oz; June 2, Captan 50W 5.0 lb + Phosphamidon 8E 5.0 oz; June 12, Captan 50W 5.0 lb + Kararhane 2.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; June 24, Captan 50W 4.0 lb + Kararhane 1.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; July 11, Captan 50W 4.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; July 28, Captan 80W 2.7 lb + Zolone 3EC 32.0 oz; August 1, Omite 30W 4.0 lb; August 15, Captan 80W 4.0 lb. Two 5-tree plots of Lannate L 32.0 oz/100 gal and Phosvel 45W 1.5 lb/100 gal and one 5-tree plot of Guthion 50W 0.5 lb/100 gal were sprayed dilute with a Bean high pressure sprayer operating at 540 psi on August 1. One of the plots of Lannate L and Phosvel and the Guthion plot sprayed on August 1 were sprayed again on August 20. Also one 5-tree plot unsprayed since July 28 was sprayed with Lannate L and a similar plot was sprayed with Phosvel. The treatments were evaluated by examining 10 leafrolIs/tree (50/treafment) on August 4 and August 26 to determine larval mortality. The apples were examined for leafroller injury on August 28 (50 apples/tree, 250 apples/treatment). Fruit was examined at harvest (October 7) to ascertain the increase in number of damaged apples since the summer examination (August 28). Some apples had more than one type of damage, thus, the total number of apples damaged may be less than combined total number of apples damaged at different times of the season (early + late).
Strawberry Weevil Control, 1975
Authors: Jackson J. O. , Koval C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At Hancock, Wisconsin, insecticides were applied to foliage of 3 replicates per treatment at 40 psi using hand sprayers. Two prebloom applications were made May 16 and 23 with each insecticide at a rate of 100 gal per acre, except for one treatment with Thiodan applied only on May 23. Captan fungicide was applied to all plots through harvest (June 25-July 8) for disease control. Strawberry blooms clipped by strawberry weevil were counted in a 20 ft2 sub-plot of each 70-foot row replicate on June 2 and 10. Weevil injury was evaluated as mean percent of blooms clipped.
Control of Chaff Scale on Texas Citrus, 1975
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected non-oil scalicides were compared to citrus oil spray (Orchex 796) for control of chaff scale. Treatments were completely randomized in a mature Marrs Early orange orchard (25 ft x 25 ft spacing), wfth each treatment replicated on 4 trees. Foliage was sprayed to runoff, ca. 20 gal/tree, using a Hardie Dilute Sprayer with handgun attachment operating at 550 psi. All treatments were applied between June 11 and 20, 1975. Armored scale counts were made on the fruit harvested from test trees in December, 1975. Fifty fruit (equal numbers from exterior and interior branches) were randomly picked from each treated or control tree and the percent scale-free fruit determined, If 10 or less scale were counted on a fruit it was rated as scale-free. Percentages were transformed to degrees of an angle and subjected to analysis of variance. Means were separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, P = 0.05
Foliar Sprays to Control the European Corn Borer in Snap Beans
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Harvester’ snap beans were seeded in 3 ft rows on July 9, 1975. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of three 100 ft rows with two untreated buffer rows adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied with a trailer-mounted Hudson Porta Power Sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/A at 250 psi, using 6 Myers Fembro nozzles #6251A (#2 discs) per row. Two nozzles were placed directly over the center of the row and 4 nozzles, two spaced about 8 inches apart on drop-lines on each side of the row, directed inward. Applications were made at 4 day and 7 day intervals. Treatment dates for the 4 day interval were: August 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 and Sept 3 and for the 7 day interval: August 14, 21, 28 and Sept 4. One thousand snap bean pods were selected at random from each treatment replicate at harvest on September 6 and the number infested with corn borers recorded.
Snap Beans,

E.

Varivestis

Control
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bean seed was planted using a Planet Jr in 25ft rows on 30 inch centers on June 5, 1975 near French Lick, Indiana. Eight treatments including 2 checks were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Furadan and Dacamox were placed in the seed furrow; Thimet alongside the furrow; and Temik in a band over the row. Soil type was silt loam with fragipans, moderate to poorly drained. Mexican bean beetles (egg masses, larvae, and adults) were counted on 3 sampling dates. Entire plants were examined on the first 2 dates and the total number of insects counted per 1 row foot per replicate. On the last sampling date, only the insects on 10 trifoliate leaves located within 1 row foot were counted due to the extensiveness of plant growth. Plots were harvested by hand on July 23, 1975 (5 row feet per replicate) and weighed.
Broccoli,

T.

Nl

and

P.

Xylostella

Control, 1975
Authors: Lange W. Harry , Kennedy George G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broccoli ‘DeCicco’ was direct seeded on July 8 in Riverside, California. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of a plot 3 rows wide x 20 ft long. Row spacing was 2.5 ft. Adjacent plots were separated by one untreated row (sides) and 5 ft of untreated row (ends). Materials were applied using a tractor-mounted, row-crop sprayer equipped with 3 nozzles/row (D-3 hollow cones with No. 23 core) delivering 60 gal of spray mix/acre at 100 psi. Plants were ca. 8 in. tall when treated on September 9. Biofilm at 6 oz/100 gal was included as a spreader-sticker with all treatments. Populations of larval T.ni and P.xylostella were sampled 2 and 7 days following treatment by examining 10 plants selected from the center row of each plot (40/treatments). Data were transformed to Log10 (X + 1) and subjected to analysis of variance.
Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Acre YR’ was planted August 5. Planting was on 40-inch beds with two seed rows per bed. Individual plots were four beds wide, 25 feet long and replicated four times in a randomized block design. Treatments were started September 9 and were applied on a weekly schedule. Six applications were made during the growing season. All sprays were applied using a 3 gallon pressure-type hand sprayer with a 2-nozzle boom, operated at 45 to 55 psi. Effectiveness of the different treatments was measured by counting the number of cabbage looper eggs and larvae on 20 plants per plot. Worm damage evaluation was made on 25 plants per plot on November 4. A 1 to 5 rating scale range was used: 1 indicating no damage and 5 indicating heavy damage.
Worm Control on Cabbage with Synthetic Pyrethroids, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Acre YR’ cabbage was planted August 5 on 40-inch beds, two seed rows per bed. Plots were four beds wide and 25 feet long with each treatment replicated four times in a randomized block design. All plots were treated with Lannate L at 0.67 lb a.i./acre on August 26 to protect the stand prior to thinning. The first test treat-ments were applied September 8 and six subsequent applications were made at weekly intervals during the growing season. The effectiveness of each treatment was assessed by counting the number of cabbage looper and beet armyworm eggs and larvae on twenty plants per plot. Worm damage to the cabbage was evaluated by rating 25 heads. A 1 to 5 rating scale was used: 1 indicated no damage and 5 indicated heavy damage.
Worm Control on Head Lettuce, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Great Lakes 659’ variety head lettuce was planted August 25, on 40-inch beds with two seed rows per bed. Plots were four beds wide and 25 feet long for 0.0076 acre. Several insecticides were compared to a check and each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized block design. All plots including the check were treated with Lannate L at 0.67 lb a.i./a on September 8 to protect the stand prior to thinning, the seven test treatments were applied weekly starting September 16. All sprays were applied using a 3 gallon pressure-type hand sprayer with a 2-nozzle boom, operated at 45 to 50 psi. Effectiveness of each treatment was determined by weekly counts of cabbage looper and beet armyworm eggs and larvae on 20 plants per plot.
Control of

A.

Californica

on Lettuce, Salinas, 1975
Authors: McCalley Norman F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lettuce ‘Calmar’ planted two rows per bed February 24, 1975, was sprayed April 29, using a CO2 back pack sprayer equipped with a single bed hand held boom fitted with 6 Spraying Systems T-jet 8002 flat fan nozzles operated at 40 psi to deliver 100 gal/a dilute spray. Plots were two beds (40 inch centers) x 66 feet, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design.
Control of Potato Infesting Wireworms, 1974-75
Authors: Baranowski R. M. , Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potato seed pieces were planted 4 inch apart in marl soil on November 8, 1974. Plots consisted of four rows 40 ft long planted on 3 ft centers. Granular broadcast treatments were applied using Gandy applicators. These materials were then incorporated with a rotovator to a depth of 5 to 6 inch on November 8. BAY 92114 4E was applied with a sprinkler can using 1 gallon of water per plot on November 7. Seed piece furrow treatments were applied at planting with a Nobel applicator. Each treatment was randomized and replicated four times. One hundred potatoes were randomly selected from each plot and inspected for wireworm damage. The data (percent damaged tubers) were analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range statistic. Wireworm counts made from soil samples taken September 15 indicated a low population (1.1 larvae per 0.5 ft3 of soil).
P.

Cockerelli

Control with Insecticide Sprays, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted March 19 in Laveen clay loam on 34 inch row spacing using a John Deere 2-row planter. Plots were 18 feet long, 2 rows wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized plot design. Treatment materials were applied with a 3 gallon pressure-type sprayer and a light weight 2-nozzle boom operated at 45 to 50 psi. Psyllid nymphs and adults were counted at weekly intervals beginning April 29 on 25 selected leaves from each plot. Psyllid populations were not high in these plots. Potatoes were harvested June 17, 1975 with a one row potato digger. The tubers were graded using the U. S. standards and grades. Yields for each plot and treatment were recorded.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1975
Authors: Storch R. H. , Simpson Geddes W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was a 9 x 6 randomized complete block design planted May 30, 1975 at Presque Isle, Maine on land which was fallow in 1974. The 9.14 m space between blocks was bare soil. The space between columns was machine planted with 4 rows of healthy, untreated seed (56.7 g), 30.5 cm apart. Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 0.86 m apart and 15.24 m long. The 56.7 g healthy seed pieces were hand planted 30.5 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rohm & Haas M45 (1121 ga i/ha July 9 to 31, 1681 ga i/ha August 4 to 20 and 2242 ga i/ha August 25 to 28). Seed treatments were made just prior to planting. Soil treatments were made in the furrow just prior to planting or as a side dressing prior to hilling. Foliar applications were made with a Slosser sprayer (14.1 kg/cm2 and 1.2 kl/ha). Numbers of egg masses, larvae, and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the center rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10(x + 1). Means of sum of all stages of the beetle were compared with Duncan’s new multiple range test and reconverted in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. For the growing season, rainfall was about 80% of normal and temperatures were about 2°C above normal.
Potato

L.

Canus

Control, George, Washington, 1969
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The soil type in the test plot is not known, but it was probably Ephrata Series, sandy loam to loam, with less than 2% organic matter. Broadcast and sidedress treatments were conducted as separate experiments, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 8 rows wide (34 inch apart) and 40 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Broadcast treatments were applied on April 4, 1969, with a hand-operated grass seeder and disced in the soil on the same day. Potatoes were planted on April 15. Side-dress treatments were applied on April 25, using tractor-mounted Gandy applicators; granules were placed in 1 inch bands, 4 inch to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. The plots were sprinkler irrigated. On October 9, 20-ft lengths of the 4 center rows of each plot were harvested. Injury (any penetration of a tuber by wireworms) was assessed based on percent injured by weight. Percentages of Injured tubers were transformed to X + 0.5 and analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Laboratory Insecticide Screening,

L.

Canus

, Yakima, Washington, 1972
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L. , Fox L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
L. canus larvae were collected in the fall of 1971 from Grandview, Washington, and helJat 40°F until the tests were conducted. The soil used was “river-bottom soil”, sandy loam, &lt;0.5% organic matter, sifted with 8-mesh sieve. The bioassays were conducted as follows: insecticides were mixed with air-dry soil in a Twin shell dry blender for 15 min, after which later was added to the soil (2.7% moisture), and the treated soil was placed in 0.5-pt Mason fruit jars. The dosage rates simulated broadcast treatments, and the incorporation of materials to 6 inch in depth. Two boiled wheat grains were pushed down ca. 1 inch into the soil of each jar. One wireworm was placed in each jar; if the wireworm did not burrow into the soil within 1 min, the wireworm was replaced. Regular jar lids were used, but they were not secured tightly. Each treatment consisted of 10 jars. The jars were held in a laboratory maintained at ca. 20 to 25°C. The jars were checked once weekly to determine mortality, which included any dead or moribund larvae. At the weekly checks, moisture was added to the soil as required, two new boiled wheat grains were added, and the same live larvae were replaced in the corresponding jars. Four separate tests were conducted, and the results are summarized in the table.
Comparison of Banded and Broadcast Application of Furadan for Control of Leafminers and Pickleworms, 1975
Authors: Schuster David J. , Overman A. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Zapallo Courge Dixie’ squash was planted March 21, 1975 on seep-irrigated 0.8 m wide beds of Leon fine sand at 16% moisture and pH ranging from 7.3 to 8.6. Plots were 6.1 m long with two plants every 61.0 cm and 3.0 m alleys between four replications in a randomized complete block design. Due to damping off, some plants were removed and reseeded April 22 following application of Terraclor 15 (151 g/7.6 1/24.4 m of row) in a 20.3 cm band. Furadan was applied just prior to planting either in a 30.5 cm band (mixed to 5.1 cm depth) or by broadcasting over the entire planting bed and mixing to a 20.3 cm depth). The number of leaf mines on the third leaf from the crown was determined for ten giants on June 10 and 24. Harvest was completed on June 24 and the total number of fruit and the number damaged by pickleworm determined.
Green Peach Aphid Control, 1975
Authors: Butt B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘U&l Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were planted April 1, 1975, in Ritzville silt loam at Yakima, Washington, in plots six rows wide and 50 ft long. The plants were irrigated with sprinklers providing one-half inch of water/hr. Four plots were treated on July 22 with each material at 40 gpa (60 psi) through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 11 inch apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. Ortho X-77 spreader was used with all materials. The boom height was adjusted to provide optimum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. In addition to the experimental compounds, all beets were treated with MAG 6 at 3 lb/A on July 16 to reduce a powdery mildew infection. Three days and each week after treatment aphids were counted on 25 leaves from each plot. Treatments were applied May 30, July 7, and July 22, but because of the low and uneven population on sugarbeets there was no significant difference in the aphid counts until after the last treatment. For two weeks following the last treatment all treated plots had less aphid than check plots. On August 13, 20, and 27 mites (Tetrgnychusurtica Koch) were also counted in the aphid experiments.
Twospotsted Spider Mite Control, 1975
Authors: Butt B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘U & I Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were planted April 1, 1975, in Ritzville silt loam at Yakima, Washington, in plots six rows wide and 50 ft long. The plants were irrigated with sprinklers providing one-half inch of waterAr. Four plots were treated on August 4 with each material at 40 gpa (60 psi) through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 11 inch apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. Ortho X-77 spreader was used with all materials. The boom height was adjusted to provide optimum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. In addition to the experimental compounds, all beets were treated on July 16 with MAG 6 to reduce a powdery mildew infection. Three days and each week after treatment mites and aphids were counted on 25 leaves from each plot.
Leafminer Control on Tomato, 1975
Authors: Kennedy George G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental planting consisted of a 12 row x 225 ft section of direct seed, trellised, fresh market tomatoes ‘Hybrid 6718’ under drip irrigation and grown commercially in Chula Vista, California. Treatments were applied in a 4 x 4 Latin square design using a tractor-mounted, high-clearance sprayer with 8 hollow-cone nozzles (D-3 tips & 23 core) per row and delivering 150 gal/acre at ca. 150 psi. Plots consisted of 2 rows (5 ft centers) x 50 ft and were separated within rows by 5 ft of untreated row and between rows by one untreated row. Applications were made on September 2, 15, 26 and October 6. L. sativa mines were counted on 25 randomly selected mature terminal leaflets sampled from each plot on October 7. Data were transformed to Logjg (X + 1) and subjected to analysis of variance.
Tomato Miscellaneous Pests
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes were seeded in the field on May 12, 1975 in 25 ft rows on 5 ft centers. Dacamox, Di-Syston, Temik and UC 21865 were applied in a band over the row and incorporated; Furadan and Thimet were side-dressed along the row and incorporated. Twelve treatments of 4 replicates each were arranged in a randomized block design. Soil type was Ockley silt loam, 2 to 4% organic matter. Flea beetle feeding scars were counted on the leaves of 25 seedlings per replicate on June 5. On June 16 stand counts were made in on foot of row per replicate. Vigor of the young plants was evaluated on June 26 on a scale of 6 (most vigorous) to 0 (least vigorous), based on the size, color, and general appearance of the treatment replicates. Aphid counts were made on August 8 and August 22 to assess any long term value of the treatments. The crop was hand-picked on September 8 and weighed.
Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge, 1975
Authors: Pieters Edward P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots were established by planting Pioneer 8311 grain sorghum on April 2 ca. 1 month after surrounding grain sorghum fields had been planted. Insecticide applications were made to 1/10 acre plots arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. The first application of insecticides was applied on Jun 5 by means of a self-propelled high clearance sprayer. Insecticide spray mixtures were delivered at 15 gal per acre with a CO2 powered system. Application of insecticides were repeated on Jun 9. A heavy rainfall on Jun 10 prohibited further treatments. The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by recording the number of adult midges which emerged from the heads, and by estimating the per cent damage to the heads during the soft dough stage. The phytotoxicity of the insecticides to sorghum plants was recorded 3 days following the last insecticide application. Adult midge counts exceeded an average of 2 midges per head prior to each insecticide application.
Insecticide Effects on Mexican Bean Beetle, Green Cloverworm and Predators in Soybeans, Suffolk, VA. 1975
Authors: Smith John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybeans were planted July 3, 1975 by conventional planters with 36 inch row spacing. The field was planted longitudinally with 4 rows of soybeans alternating with 2 rows of ‘Contender’ bush-type snapbeans. Plot length of 20 ft was established by cutting 5 ft alleys between blocks. A randomized block design with 4 replicates was determined, then all plots were sprayed on Sep 9’75 with a CO2 - pressure regulated kanpsack sprayer calibrated to deliver 24 gal per acre at 80 psi. Plots designated to receive a second application were sprayed on Sep 30’75 with the same sprayer. Post-treatment counts were made Oct 6 and 7 by shakecloth methods wherein insects from 3 row feet (18 inches from each center row) from 2 sites per plot were counted. Phytophagous insects counted were adults and larvae of the Mexican bean beetle and green cloverworms. Spider, Geocorid and Nabid predators were counted. Beans were harvested on Dec 15’75 by cutting 16.5 ft from each of the 2 center rows of each plot then threshing beans with a stationary plot thresher. After bean moisture stabilized, yield was calculated in bu/acre and seed size was determined in grams/100 seed.
Control of Beanflies in Soybeans, 1974 and 1975
Authors: Su C. Y. , Kung S. P. , Rose R. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide evaluations were conducted in 10 square meter (1/1000 hectare) plots. Each insecticide tested was applied to 4 replicated plots in a RCB experimental design. For each crop planting, 9 insecticides and 1 control were evaluated. Granular formulated insecticides were applied by hand with the amount for each row of the plot previously weighed. Emulsifiable and wettable powder formulations were applied with 2.5 gallon air pressure sprayers, each calibrated with a stop-watch and charged to 40 psi for each plot. Emulsifiable or wettable powder insecticides were applied in 500 ml spray per plot. Methods of control evaluation were based on me dissection and count of me actual number of larvae and pupae and me number of damaged plants in 20 or 30 plant sample and whole plot yield was also recorded when possible.