bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic stability and P–V criticality of nonsingular-AdS black holes endowed with clouds of strings
Authors: Sood Ashima , Kumar Arun , Singh J. K. , Ghosh Sushant G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate the extended phase space thermodynamics of nonsingular-AdS black holes minimally coupled to clouds of strings in which we consider the cosmological constant ($$\Lambda $$
Λ
) as the pressure (P) of the black holes and its conjugate variable thermodynamical volume (V) of the black holes. Owing to the background clouds of strings parameter (a), we analyse the Hawking temperature, entropy and specific heat on horizon radius for fixed-parameter k. We find that the strings clouds background does not alter small/large black hole (SBH/LBH) phase transition but occurs at a larger horizon radius, and two second-order phase transitions occur at a smaller horizon radius. Indeed, the G–T plots exhibit a swallowtail below the critical pressure, implying that the first-order phase transition is analogous to the liquid–gas phase transition at a lower temperature and lower critical pressure. To further examine the analogy between nonsingular-AdS black holes and a liquid–gas system, we derive the exact critical points and probe the effects of a cloud of strings on $$P-V$$

P
-
V

criticality to find that the isotherms undergo liquid–gas like phase transition for $${\tilde{T}}\,<\,{\tilde{T}}_c$$

T
~

<

T
~

c

at lower $${\tilde{T}}_c$$

T
~

c

. We have also calculated the critical exponents identical with Van der Walls fluid, i.e., same as those obtained before for arbitrary other AdS black holes, which implies that the background clouds of strings do not change the critical exponents.
The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Poststroke Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khanzadeh Shokoufeh , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Eshghyar Fatemeh , Rezaei Katayoun , Clark Alec 
Published: March 2022

Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes have multiple downstream consequences for patients. One of the most critical is poststroke infection (PSI). The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically evaluate the literature regarding the use of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a reliable means to detect early PSI development, particularly poststroke pneumonia (PSP) development to help clinicians institute early interventions and improve outcomes. The following were the inclusion criteria: (1) cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies; (2) studies comparing NLR data from PSI or PSP patients to controls; and (3) studies with a control group of stroke patients without infection. There was not any language or publication preference. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used by two writers to assess the quality of the included studies. We assessed the certainty of the associations with GRADE methods. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched, and 25 studies were included in the qualitative review. Among them, 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the NLR levels. Patients with PSI had significantly higher NLR levels than stroke patients without infection (

SMD
=
1.08

;

CI

95
%
=
0.78
‐
1.39

,

P

value < 0.001). In addition, the NLR levels of the stroke patients with pneumonia were significantly higher than those without pneumonia (

SMD
=
0.98

;

CI

95
%
=
0.81
‐
1.14

,

P

value < 0.001). However, data extracted from the qualitative review suggested that NLR could not predict urinary tract infection, sepsis, or ventriculitis in stroke patients. Our study indicated that NLR could be recommended as an inexpensive biomarker for predicting infection, particularly pneumonia, in stroke patients. It can help clinicians institute early interventions that can reduce PSI and improve outcomes.
Prediction Value of Epilepsy Secondary to Inferior Cavity Hemorrhage Based on Scalp EEG Wave Pattern in Deep Learning
Authors: Jiang Shishuang , He Xuenong 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To search the predictive value of epilepsy secondary to acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) based on EEG wave pattern in deep learning. Methods. A total of 156 cases of secondary epilepsy with lower cavity hemorrhage in our hospital were selected and divided into the late epilepsy group and the early epilepsy group according to seizure time, and the nonseizure group and the seizure group according to seizure condition. General data of patients were collected, the EEG types of each group were analyzed, and the disease recurrence rate, treatment effect, and symptom onset time were compared. Results. Rapid and slow and rapid blood flow velocity were the main abnormal manifestations of epilepsy secondary to inferior cavity hemorrhage, accounting for 33.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Compared with the seizure group, the proportion of type ii and type iii in the nonseizure group was higher, and the proportion of type ii and type iii in the early epilepsy group was higher than in the late epilepsy group (

P

< 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy, missed diagnosis rate, misdiagnosis rate, specificity, and sensitivity of the EEG wave pattern were 94.9%, 3.2%, 1.9%, 91.7%, and 96.2%, respectively. Compared with the early epilepsy group, the recurrence rate of type iii and type iv in the late epilepsy group was higher (

P

< 0.05). The effective rates of the attack group and the nonattack group were 72.7% and 97.0%, respectively. Compared with the attack group, the effective rate of the nonattack group was higher (

P

< 0.05). The effective rates of the early epilepsy group and the late epilepsy group were 91.7% and 85.0%, respectively. Compared with the late epilepsy group, the effective rate of the early epilepsy group was higher (

P

< 0.05). Compared with the early epilepsy group, the late epilepsy group had longer tonic-clonic seizures, atonic seizures, and absent seizures, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. In aSAH secondary epilepsy disease prediction, based on indepth study of the scalp EEG wave type prediction, they play an important role, including aSAH high-risk secondary epilepsy wave types for V, III, and IV types, as well as early and late epilepsy associated with disease stage. Through the diagnosis method to predict the severity of disease, this builds a good foundation for clinical treatment. It is beneficial to improve the effective rate of treatment.
Physical Activity Surveillance in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Mixed-Methods Investigation
Authors: Giblin Susan , Scully Paul , Evers Julie , Dalton Niall , Hayes Grainne , Donnelly Alan , Orla Neylon O. , O’Gorman Clodagh 
Published: March 2022

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects over 2,500 children in Ireland. Insulin replacement is the mainstay of treatment for T1D, and physical activity (PA) is an important, modifiable lifestyle factor for sustaining health. Surveillance of PA for both research and clinical purposes in paediatric T1D has been limited. This study deployed both quantitative (accelerometry) and qualitative (self-report) measures to assess habitual PA patterns in children with T1D. Twenty-one participants (9 females, 12 males) between 10 and 17 years (mean

13.7
±
1.94

years) were recruited from an Outpatients Paediatric Diabetes Clinic. Total steps, standing time (minutes (mins)) and sitting time (mins) were recorded using the activPAL 3 microactivity monitor. Clinical parameters (HbA1c, insulin regimen, and weight centiles) were measured. A self-report diary was used to measure perceived activity levels. The findings of this study show that participant children with T1D are not achieving the required steps per day to sustain physical health (recommended minimum 11,500). Females (

mean
=
7,306

steps
±
5,468

) achieved significantly less (

p
=
0.001

) steps per day compared to males (

10,806

steps
±
5,904

). No significant differences were found between genders for sitting time or standing time. Overweight or obesity was identified in 44% of female participants and 15% of male participants. Mean HbA1c for both females 8.25% (67 mmol/mol) and males 7.97% (64 mmol/mol) was above the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) recommended <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) for children. Further research is warranted to investigate PA promotion strategies in populations of children with paediatric T1D.
PCNL Combined with 3D Printing Technology for the Treatment of Complex Staghorn Kidney Stones
Authors: Liu Yubao , Song Haifeng , Xiao Bo , Hu Weiguo , Zhang Gang , Fu Meng , Li Jianxing 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To explore the clinical application value of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) combined with 3D printing technology in the treatment of complex staghorn kidney stones. Methods. From January 2018 to February 2020, a total of 72 patients with complex staghorn kidney stones admitted to our center were divided into experimental group (3D printing group) and control group (computed tomography, CT, imaging group)) according to the random block method, and a prospective cohort study was conducted. Preoperative computed tomography urography (CTU) examination was performed on all patients in the two groups, and the original CT scan Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data of patients in the experimental group were separately extracted for three-dimensional reconstruction and 3D model printing and designed a doctor-patient communication evaluation score table. The two groups were compared in score table, puncture location time, total operation time, consistency between estimated calyx and target calyx, incidence of surgical complications, stone free rate, postoperative recovery, and other aspects. Results. Both groups completed preoperative CTU examination and showed good kidney and stone morphology. In the experimental group, all 3D printed models were completed and the internal anatomical structure could be clearly displayed. Simulation puncture and relevant measurement parameters could be obtained. The experimental group was significantly better than the control group in doctor-patient communication evaluation score, puncture location time, target calyx consistency, and stone free rate (

p

< 0.05), and there was no statistical difference in total operation time, postoperative complications, and postoperative recovery. Conclusions. Individualized 3D printing technology can fully evaluate and design percutaneous renal access and stone clearing strategies before surgery. Compared with traditional preoperative imaging evaluation, 3D printing makes PCNL more accurate and efficient in the treatment of complex staghorn shaped kidney stones, with a high stone free rate at the first stage and better doctor-patient communication satisfaction.
Functional network antagonism and consciousness
Authors: Demertzi Athena , Kucyi Aaron , Ponce-Alvarez Adrián , Keliris Georgios A. , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Deco Gustavo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous brain activity changes across states of consciousness. A particular consciousness-mediated configuration is the anticorrelations between the default mode network and other brain regions. What this antagonistic organization implies about consciousness to date remains inconclusive. In this Perspective Article, we propose that anticorrelations are the physiological expression of the concept of segregation, namely the brain’s capacity to show selectivity in the way areas will be functionally connected. We postulate that this effect is mediated by the process of neural inhibition, by regulating global and local inhibitory activity. While recognizing that this effect can also result from other mechanisms, neural inhibition helps the understanding of how network metastability is affected after disrupting local and global neural balance. In combination with relevant theories of consciousness, we suggest that anticorrelations are a physiological prior that can work as a marker of preserved consciousness. We predict that if the brain is not in a state to host anticorrelations, then most likely the individual does not entertain subjective experience. We believe that this link between anticorrelations and the underlying physiology will help not only to comprehend how consciousness happens, but also conceptualize effective interventions for treating consciousness disorders in which anticorrelations seem particularly affected.
Preliminary comparisons of learning across four lemur genera at the Duke Lemur Center
Authors: Batist Carly H. , Mayhew Jessica A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lemurs have been relatively understudied in cognitive research despite representing an adaptive radiation and occupying a key phylogenetic position as the most basal extant primate lineage. Many of the existing studies have focused on only one lemur species. We aimed to take a comparative approach by examining learning abilities in 66 lemurs from four genera at the Duke Lemur Center in North Carolina. We used a novel two-action puzzle box to assess inter-species variation in learning speed, task proficiency, and social tolerance during trials. We found differences between genera in the percentage of individuals who had successes, individuals’ latency to touch the apparatus and the number of times an individual observed a group member’s success. Eulemur and Varecia had shorter latencies and were observed more by conspecifics compared to Propithecus and Lemur. Shorter latencies may indicate reduced fear or increased motivation, while higher observation rates suggest more leniency or tolerance around the puzzle boxes. These results may be due to species differences in dominance and rank hierarchies; Propithecus and Lemur are more despotic than Eulemur, where some species exhibit sex co-dominance, and Varecia, which live in groups with high fission-fusion dynamics. We also show that even within these overall relationships, the different genera varied substantially in the temporal trajectory of these learning variables through the study trials. Overall, this comparative study provides preliminary insights into the taxon-specific learning trajectories of lemurs and contributes to the growing body of literature examining lemur cognition.
On Knowing what one does
Authors: Raatzsch Richard 
Published: March 2022

SummaryYou can see me doing this or that. And your seeing me doing this or that is the source, or even the form, of your knowing what I am doing. As well as the source, or the form, of my knowing what you are doing might be my seeing you doing this or that. However, it would be strange to say that one is looking for what one is doing in order to know it. Nevertheless, it would also be strange to say that one does not know what one is doing when one is doing this or that. So, what is the source, or even the form, of one’s knowledge of what one is doing, given that one knows what one is doing? Or is there something strange about this being an assumption? When, then, do we say that one knows, and then also: that one does not know, what one is doing?
Identifying Olfactory Phenotypes to Differentiate Between COVID‐19 Olfactory Dysfunction and Sinonasal Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Somani Shaan N. , Farrokhian Nathan , Macke Jamison , Yu Katherine M. , Uhlich Cody , Rea Emma L. , Villwock Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2022

The objective of this study was to identify specific olfactory phenotypes—patterns of olfactory performance—across distinct cohorts with or without olfactory dysfunction (OD). Adult patients underwent testing via a novel olfactory testing methodology in 1 of 4 groups based on health status: sinonasal inflammatory condition (chronic rhinosinusitis or allergic rhinitis), ≥4 weeks of self‐reported OD after resolved COVID‐19 infection, Alzheimer’s disease, and healthy control. Participants’ scores for each scent were normalized on a scale of 0 to 1 relative to their worst and best scores. Agglomerative hierarchal cluster analysis was performed on normalized data for the COVID‐19 and sinonasal cohorts. Resulting clusters from the penultimate merger revealed a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 63% for the detection of patients with COVID‐19. These results support that there are olfactory phenotypes that may discriminate COVID‐19 OD from sinonasal inflammatory disease. These phenotypes will likely become increasingly leveraged in the workup and treatment of patients with OD.
The impact Of high-intensity interval training On functioning And health-related quality Of life In post-stroke patients: A systematic review With meta-analysis
Authors: Anjos Jorge Motta , Neto Mansueto Gomes , dos Santos Franciele Silva , Almeida Katna de Oliveira , Bocchi Edimar Alcides , Lima Bitar Yasmin de Souza , Duraes Andre Rodrigues 
Published: March 2022

Objective To examine the effects of high-intensity interval training on the functioning and health-related quality of life of post-stroke patients. Methods We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro database, and Scielo up to January 2022 for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training in post-stroke patients. Two reviewers selected the studies independently. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The mean difference (MD), standard mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Nine studies met the study criteria (375 patients). The age of the participants ranged from 55.8 to 72.1 years. The studies included patients within 2 weeks of stroke onset to patients longer than 1 month of stroke. High-intensity interval training resulted in improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake) MD (3.8 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 2.62, 5.01, n  =  91), balance MD 5.7 (95% CI: 3.50, 7.91; N = 64), and gait speed SMD (0.2 m/s; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.27; N = 100) compared with continuous aerobic training. The health-related quality of life did not differ between the groups. Compared to usual care, high-intensity interval training improved the cardiorespiratory fitness SMD (0.5 95% CI: 0.14, 0.81, n  =  239). No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions The findings of this systematic review show that high-intensity interval training was more efficient than continuous aerobic training to gain cardiorespiratory fitness, balance and gait speed in post-stroke patients. In addition, compared to usual care, high-intensity interval training improved cardiorespiratory fitness.
Fall arrest strategy training improves upper body response time compared to standard fall prevention exercise in older women: A randomized trial
Authors: Arnold Catherine M , Lanovaz Joel , Farthing Jonathan P , Legg Hayley , Weimer Melanie , Kim Soo 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Exercise can decrease fall risk in older adults but less is known about training to reduce injury risk in the event a fall is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to compare standard fall prevention exercises to novel Fall Arrest Strategy Training ( FAST); exercises designed to improve upper body capacity to reduce fall-injury risk in older women. Method Forty women (mean age 74.5 years) participated in either Standard (n = 19) or FAST (n = 21) twice per week for 12 weeks. Both interventions included lower body strength, balance, walking practice, agility and education. FAST added exercises designed to enhance forward landing and descent control such as upper body strengthening, speed and practice of landing and descent on outstretched hands. Results Both FAST and Standard significantly improved strength, mobility, balance, and fall risk factors from pre to post-intervention. There was a significant time by group interaction effect for upper body response time where FAST improved but Standard did not ( p = 0.038). Discussion FAST resulted in similar gains in factors that reduce fall risk as a standard fall prevention program; with the additional benefit of improving speed of arm protective responses; a factor that may help enhance landing position and reduce injury risks such as head impact during a forward fall.
An efficient, modular controller for flapping flight composing model-based and model-free components
Authors: De Avik , McGill Rebecca , Wood Robert J 
Published: March 2022

We present a controller that combines model-based methods with model-free data-driven methods hierarchically, utilizing the predictive power of template models with the strengths of model-free methods to account for model error, such as due to manufacturing variability in the RoboBee, a 100 mg flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle (FWMAV). Using a large suite of numerical trials, we show that the model-predictive high-level component of the proposed controller is more performant, easier to tune, and able to stabilize more dynamic tasks than a baseline reactive controller, while the data-driven inverse dynamics controller is able to better compensate for biases arising from manufacturing variability. At the same time, the formulated controller is very computationally efficient, with the MPC implemented at 5 KHz on a Simulink embedded target, via which we empirically demonstrate controlled hovering on a RoboBee.
Anatomic variations of the anterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal veins encountered during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Chen Shanwen , Wu Yingchao , Wang Xin , Wang Pengyuan , Pan Yisheng , Liu Yucun , Jiang Yong 
Published: March 2022

Objective The vascular anatomic variations of the right colon present a challenge for colorectal surgeons. However, there have been few detailed studies of the variations in the anterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV). Methods We studied consecutive patients with right colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy at Peking University First Hospital (N = 117) between January 2018 and June 2021. Results The variations in the ASPDV were classified as type I (n = 101, (86.3%)), defined as ASPDVs draining into the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GCT); type II (n = 10, (8.5%)), defined as ASPDVs draining into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV); or type III, defined as ASPDVs draining into both the GCT and SMV. For type I, subtypes were defined according to the branching of the ASPDVs: subtype a, with one branch (n = 87, (86.1%)); subtype b, with two branches (n = 12, (11.9%)); and subtype c, with more than two branches (n = 2, (2.0%)). Type I was also subtyped according to the confluence of the ASPDV and GCT, with subtype 1 being defined by a proximal site (n = 96, 95%) and subtype 2 by a distal site (n = 5, 5.0%). Conclusions We have characterized the variations in ASPDVs encountered during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, which should provide a reference for colorectal surgeons.