bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraneural ganglion cysts originating from the hip joint: A single‐center experience
Authors: Kim Sun Woong , Yoon Young Cheol , Sung Duk Hyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIntraneural ganglion cysts (INGCs) are non‐neoplastic mucinous cysts within the epineurium of peripheral nerves. Characteristics of INGCs around the hip joint have not been adequately described. We aimed to describe clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment outcomes in patients with INGCs originating from the hip joint.MethodsWe retrospectively included cystic lesions around the hip joint satisfying the following inclusion criteria over 6 years: (1) multilocular elongated hyperintense cystic mass on T2‐weighted imaging; and (2) distribution along the course of the peripheral nerve and its branches on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsSix patients with an INGC around the hip joint were identified. Parent peripheral nerves were the sciatic nerve (four patients), the superior gluteal nerve (one patient), and the nerve to quadratus femoris (one patient). Buttock, groin, or lower extremity pain/paresthesias were the initial symptoms in all patients. INGCs within the articular branches of the hip joint were identified on MRI. Four patients underwent arthroscopic debridement and capsulotomy. All patients showed generally favorable outcome regardless of treatment.DiscussionPhysicians should consider the possibility of INGCs originating from the hip joint as a cause of nontraumatic hip, buttock, or lower extremity pain. This can occur in any nerve innervating the hip joint, and usually it originates in the posterior capsule of the hip joint. Arthroscopic surgery shows promising results; however, more information about the surgical technique and long‐term follow‐up results are needed.
Experimental and theoretical investigation on the thermal isomerization reaction of tristriazolotriazines
Authors: Jochem Matthias , Limbach Daniel , Glang Stefan , Haspel Tobias , Detert Heiner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe isomerization of tristriazolotriazione with tangential substituents to radial isomers occurs in a cascade of three ring opening/rotation/ring closure steps of the central triazine. Donor substitution accelerates the isomerization which can be catalyzed by Brønsted acids. The velocity of the rearrangements drops with each step by a factor of 4, whereas the gain in heat of formation increases. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations led to transition states; their energies correspond to the experimental data. Threefold isomerization strongly affects the mesomorphic properties.
Super‐amplifiers! The role of Twitter extended party networks in political elections
Authors: Yoon Nara , Hemsley Jeff , Smith Alexander , Simpson Ellen , Eakins James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModern election campaigns leverage social media and the networks within to get their messages directly out to the public. We use the theory of extended party networks to explore networks of engaged users who extensively amplify messages posted by political candidates. Using Twitter data from the Senate races in the U.S. 2018 midterm election, we build Twitter extended party networks out of dedicated amplifiers to understand how those engaged users associate with the candidate message amplification. Results show that certain super‐amplifiers have a disproportionately large impact on information flows, and that decentralized networks with higher rates of follower reciprocity are associated with higher rates of message diffusion. Our study also finds some support for the idea that super‐amplifiers engage in coordinated efforts to diffuse political messages.
Centrality and power. The struggle over the techno‐political configuration of the Internet and the global digital order
Authors: Pohle Julia , Voelsen Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, various governments have been trying to subordinate the Internet to the system of the Westphalian state order. This article seeks to add a new layer to the analysis of this conflict over state sovereignty and the global digital order. It draws on network theory as an alternative analytical lens to study the reconfiguration of power relations that define the Internet as a technical, social and economic network, and its governance. We review key conflicts and developments that shaped the Internet's history, from the Internet exceptionalists' visions in the 1990s to states' recent pursuits of digital sovereignty and trace how states, as well as private companies, seek to fundamentally reconfigure the dominant logic of the Internet and its sub‐networks to expand and institutionalise their power position. We thus highlight a deeper layer of conflict: the current struggles over the techno‐political configuration of the Internet are not only influenced by the conflict between liberal and authoritarian visions of the Internet; they are also the result of continuous tensions between processes of centralisation and decentralisation of the Internet's technical foundations and its governance. As an effect of these dynamics, we currently witness a pluralisation of power while, at the same time, new points of centralised control emerge.
Scanning the rice Global MAGIC population for dynamic genetic control of seed traits under vegetative drought
Authors: Marrano Annarita , Moyers Brook T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGrain size and shape are important yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and their genetic control under adverse environmental conditions, such as drought stress, remains uncertain. This lack of knowledge is due to the laborious, time‐consuming phenotyping of seed attributes in large rice populations. We developed a new high‐throughput phenotyping method based on a desktop scanner and the open‐source package Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV). We used this method to investigate seed size and shape variability within the rice Global multi‐parent advanced generation intercross population, grown under well‐watered and vegetative drought conditions. Besides being affordable, rapid, and accurate, our method captured the phenotypic divergence between drought and well‐watered samples, expressed as 12 different traits, including new grain shape metrics. Our method facilitates the identification of outperforming genotypes under drought stress so is potentially very valuable for crop breeders seeking to make selection based on kernel attributes. We ran a marker–trait association analysis for the measured seed traits, demonstrating that our method also provides adequate phenotypes for genetic studies. We observed dynamic genetic control of seed‐related traits under vegetative drought stress, highlighting the importance of understanding the contribution of genotype × environment interactions on trait variation to develop resilient, high‐yielding rice cultivars.
Unforeseen changes in seasonality of pediatric respiratory illnesses during the first COVID‐19 pandemic year
Authors: Be'er Moria , Amirav Israel , Cahal Michal , Rochman Mika , Lior Yotam , Rimon Ayelet , Lavy Roni G. , Lavie Moran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether the three nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdowns imposed in Israel during the full first pandemic year altered the traditional seasonality of pediatric respiratory healthcare utilization.MethodsMonth by month pediatric emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for respiratory diagnoses during the first full COVID‐19 year were compared to those recorded for the six consecutive years preceding the pandemic. Data were collected from the patients' electronic files by utilizing a data extraction platform (MDClone©).ResultsA significant decline of 40% in respiratory ED visits and 54%–73% in respiratory hospitalizations during the first COVID‐19 year compared with the pre‐COVID‐19 years were observed (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The rate of respiratory ED visits out of the total monthly visits, mostly for asthma, peaked during June 2020, compared with proceeding years (109 [5.9%] versus 88 [3.9%] visits; p < 0.001). This peak occurred 2 weeks after the lifting of the first lockdown, resembling the “back‐to‐school asthma” phenomenon of September.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates important changes in the seasonality of pediatric respiratory illnesses during the first COVID‐19 year, including a new “back‐from‐lockdown” asthma peak. These dramatic changes along with the recent resurgence of respiratory diseases may indicate the beginnings of altered seasonality in pediatric pulmonary pathologies as collateral damage of the pandemic.
Analyzing structural features of proteins from deep‐sea organisms
Authors: Sieg Jochen , Sandmeier Chris Claudius , Lieske Julia , Meents Alke , Lemmen Christian , Streit Wolfgang R. , Rarey Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtein adaptations to extreme environmental conditions are drivers in biotechnological process optimization and essential to unravel the molecular limits of life. Most proteins with such desirable adaptations are found in extremophilic organisms inhabiting extreme environments. The deep sea is such an environment and a promising resource that poses multiple extremes on its inhabitants. Conditions like high hydrostatic pressure and high or low temperature are prevalent and many deep‐sea organisms tolerate multiple of these extremes. While molecular adaptations to high temperature are comparatively good described, adaptations to other extremes like high pressure are not well‐understood yet. To fully unravel the molecular mechanisms of individual adaptations it is probably necessary to disentangle multifactorial adaptations. In this study, we evaluate differences of protein structures from deep‐sea organisms and their respective related proteins from nondeep‐sea organisms. We created a data collection of 1281 experimental protein structures from 25 deep‐sea organisms and paired them with orthologous proteins. We exhaustively evaluate differences between the protein pairs with machine learning and Shapley values to determine characteristic differences in sequence and structure. The results show a reasonable discrimination of deep‐sea and nondeep‐sea proteins from which we distinguish correlations previously attributed to thermal stability from other signals potentially describing adaptions to high pressure. While some distinct correlations can be observed the overall picture appears intricate.
Comparative structural analysis of the human and Schistosoma glutathione transferase dimer interface using selective binding of bromosulfophthalein
Authors: Valli Akeel , Achilonu Ikechukwu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe binding channel of Schistosoma glutathione transferase (SGST) has been identified to possess a non‐substrate site implicated in enzyme inhibition. This binding channel is formed by the interface of the GST dimer. We produced a comparative characterization of the SGST dimer interface with respect to that of human GST (hGST) analogues using the selective binding of bromosulfophthalein (BSP). First, two SGST and three hGST structures were used as search queries to assemble a data set of 48 empirical GST structures. Sequence alignment to generate a universal residue indexing scheme was then performed, followed by local superposition of the dimer interface. Principal component analysis revealed appreciable variation of the dimer interface, suggesting the potential for selective inhibition of SGST. BSP was found to dock invariably in the dimer interface core pocket, placing it in proximity to the GST catalytic domains, through which it may exert its inhibitory behavior. Binding poses across the GST forms were distinguished with ligand interaction profiling, where SGST complexes showed stabilization of ligand aromatic‐ and sulfonate moieties, which altogether anchor the ligand and produce a tight association. In comparison, missing aromatic stabilization in the hGST complexes impart large bonding distances, causing mobile poses likely to dissociate. Altogether, this study illustrates the potential for selective inhibition of SGST, rationalizes the selective behavior of the BSP inhibitor, and produces a reliable metric for construction and validation of pharmacophore models of the SGST binding channel.
United States Pharmacopeia comprehensive safety review of Styphnolobium japonicum flower and flower bud
Authors: Madden Emily , McLachlan Caleb , Oketch‐Rabah Hellen , Calderón Angela I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe dried flower and flower bud of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott (Japanese Sophora flower and Japanese Sophora flower bud, respectively) have long been used as herbal medicines in Asia. Today, they are marketed as dietary supplements in the United States for their anti‐oxidative properties and as a source of flavonoids, including rutin and quercetin. This review focused on the safety of S. japonicum flower and flower bud as dietary supplement ingredients. No serious adverse events or toxicity were reported in the clinical or experimental animal studies we reviewed. Although some studies indicated that rutin or quercetin may have potential for drug interactions, none were identified for S. japonicum flower or flower bud. S. japonicum flower and flower bud are not known to have been associated with serious health risks when appropriately consumed in dietary supplements and have been admitted to the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention monograph development process. However, pregnant and breastfeeding women should seek the advice of a healthcare professional because no data are available on their use by these special populations.
Determination of Sr2+ mobility in viscous bovine bone marrow by cryo‐time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Kern Christine , Pauli Anna , Rohnke Marcus 
Published: March 2022

RationaleIn osteoporosis research, strontium ions (Sr2+) have emerged as promising therapeutic agent in modified bone cements for better fracture healing. Modeling of Sr2+ dispersion in bone could be used as a predictive tool for the evaluation of functionalized biomaterials in future. Therefore, determination of experimental parameters for Sr2+ transport in bone is essential. In this study, we focus on the determination of Sr2+ diffusion in viscous bovine bone marrow by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS).MethodsFor this comparatively fast diffusion (FD) experiment, a specific experimental protocol of ToF‐SIMS depth profiling under cryogenic conditions was developed. The validity of our experimental approach is proven by a time‐dependent experimental series. Furthermore, 2D and 3D mass spectrometric imaging analysis was used to study Sr2+ surface and bulk distribution within bovine bone marrow.ResultsDetailed 2D and 3D mass spectrometric imaging analysis revealed that Sr2+ diffusion is slower in bone marrow areas with high intensity of lipid and fatty acid signals than in areas with less lipid content. The Sr2+ transport within this passive model can be described by Fickian diffusion. Average diffusion coefficients of Sr2+ in bovine bone marrow were obtained from diffusion profiles in FD areas (Dbovine,FD = [2.09 ± 2.39]·10−9 cm2s−1), slow diffusion areas (Dbovine,SD = [1.52 ± 1.80]·10−10 cm2s−1), and total area diffusion (Dbovine,TA = [1.94 ± 2.40]·10−9 cm2s−1).ConclusionsWe were able to show that cryo‐ToF‐SIMS is a useful tool for the characterization of rapid diffusion in water‐containing highly viscous media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported experimental approach for the investigation of the distribution of low concentrated therapeutic agents in bone marrow. Overall, our results provide important insights about Sr2+ diffusion in bovine bone marrow.
Policy mandates and organizational compliance: A spatial analysis of the factors affecting the adoption and implementation of emergency power plans by nursing homes
Authors: Sapat Alka , Mitsova Diana , Balilaj Arjola , Esnard Ann‐Margaret 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examine the adoption and implementation of emergency preparedness power plans by nursing homes in response to a state legislative mandate following hurricane Irma, which struck Florida in September 2017. Due to that storm, power failures at a nursing home in South Florida led to the death of 14 nursing home residents. To analyze the policy changes following this disaster that required nursing homes to adopt and implement back‐up power plans, we apply theories of organizational performance and disaster preparedness. Regression and spatial modeling techniques are used to analyze several internal determinants (such as organizational factors and administrative practices), external determinants (such as the level of hazard risks due to physical vulnerabilities and prior exposure), and spatial determinants (location in urban areas) affecting implementation. The findings indicate that ownership (public, private, or nonprofit), administrative capacities, organizational performance, and prior regulatory compliance history are important, along with environmental factors such as external risks and location, in determining nursing home compliance. This study contributes to the research on improving disaster governance and the protection of elderly populations, while shedding light on the unique vulnerability of nursing home residents and the recurring problem of power outages in hazard‐prone areas.
Static output‐feedback stabilization of discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying systems under actuator saturation
Authors: Peixoto Márcia L. C. , Coutinho Pedro H. S. , Bessa Iury , Palhares Reinaldo Martínez 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel local synthesis condition for gain‐scheduling static output‐feedback control of discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems under actuator saturation and state constraints. The proposed condition is formulated as a set of parameter‐dependent linear matrix inequalities that are incorporated into a convex optimization procedure to provide an enlarged estimate of the region of attraction of the closed‐loop equilibrium. In contrast with related works, the proposed approach allows handling a wider class of LPV systems since no rank condition is required to employ the so‐called equality constraints.
Dihydrophenazine‐Derived Redox Polymer from Industrial By‐Product as Lithium‐ion Battery Cathode Material
Authors: Huang Yuanzhu , Li Zhen , Hua Ying , Wang Yujie , Wang Bo , Du Ya , Yang Haishen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdvantaged with broad availibility and environmental sustainability, redox‐active organic polymers have recently been studied intensively as sustainable cathode materials for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Other than the inexhaustible biomass, wastes from the contemporary chemical industries are alternative sustainable resources to be explored as electrode materials. Phenazine, a by‐product from RT‐base industrial with annual yield of about 1,000 tonnes in China, releases about 3,500 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year to the environment when disposed of by burning directly. In this work, a novel phenazine‐derived polymer, poly(5‐methyl‐10‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐phenazine) (PVBPZ) featured with a robust redox‐active dihydrophenazine moiety, was achieved through a facile two‐pot synthetic procedure and explored as excellent cathode material of LIBs. PVBPZ exhibited robust cycling stability, outstanding rate performance, and high capacity retention (up to 90 %) after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. This work provides a feasible way to utilize phenazine as a valuable material, avoiding the release of huge amount of greenhouse gases and contributing to the relief of environmental deterioration.
Chromatographic Study of High Amylose Corn Starch Genotypes – Investigation of Molecular Properties after Specific Enzymatic Digestion
Authors: Ulbrich Marco , Scholz Fanni , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo high amylose corn starches (HACS; HYLON V and HYLON VII) are dissolved completely and subjected to specific enzymatic degradation by means of different amylases (AMY). The starches are digested using α‐, β‐, and γ‐AMY (single) as well as in combination with the debranching enzyme pullulanase (PUL; α‐AMY‐PUL and β‐AMY‐PUL), and the products are characterized by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC)‐techniques including multi angle laser light scattering‐differential refractive index detection (SEC‐MALS‐DRI) and conventional calibration‐differential refractive index detection (SEC‐cal‐DRI). Enzymolysis is resulted in largely maltose (Mal; α‐ and β‐AMY and respective combinations with PUL) or glucose (Glc; γ‐AMY; almost complete digestion) as the major fraction, but also other residual fractions of higher molar mass (MM), i.a. α‐ and β‐limit dextrins (α‐/β‐LDs). The quantity (relative portion) and quality (specific molecular properties) of the reaction products are found to be strongly dependent on both the enzymatic treatment by itself (kind of enzyme/‐combination and associated specificity of action) and the molecular composition of the initial starch (portion and specific molecular properties of the amylose [AM], intermediate [IM], and amylopectin [AP] fraction), which is further investigated in detail.
Effects of selective orexin receptor‐2 and cannabinoid receptor‐1 antagonists on the response of medial prefrontal cortex neurons to tramadol
Authors: Hasanpour Razmanjani Neda , Reisi Parham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTramadol is widely used to control pain in various diseases, but the relevant mechanisms are less known despite the severe risks of abuse. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is one of the critical centers of the reward system. Studies have shown that orexins and endocannabinoids are likely to play an important role in addiction. In this study, the effect of orexin receptor‐2 (OX2R) and endocannabinoid receptor‐1 (CB1R) blockade on the neuronal activity of mPFC was investigated in response to tramadol in male rats. Tramadol was injected intraperitoneally, and its effects on the firing of mPFC pyramidal neurons were investigated using in vivo extracellular single‐unit recording. Tramadol affected the pyramidal neuronal activity of the mPFC. AM251 (18 nmol/4 μl), as a selective CB1R antagonist, and TCS‐OX2‐29 (50 nmol/4 μl), as a selective OX2R antagonist, individually or simultaneously were microinjected into the lateral ventricle of the brain (intracerebroventricular, ICV). The results showed that the ratio of neurons with the excitatory/inhibitory or no responses was significantly changed by tramadol (p < .05). These changes were prevented by blockade of CB1Rs alone or blockade of OX2Rs and CB1Rs simultaneously (p < .05). However, blockade of these receptors in the vehicle group had no significant effect on neuronal activity. The findings of this study indicate the potential role of orexin and endocannabinoid systems in mediating the effects of tramadol in mPFC and the possible interaction between the two systems via OX2 and CB1 receptors. However, further studies are needed to identify these effects by examining intracellular signaling.
Harnessing DNA as a Designable Scaffold for Asymmetric Catalysis: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yum Ji Hye , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Park Soyoung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the first report of DNAzyme by in vitro selection in 1994, catalytic DNA has investigated extensively, and their application has expanded continually in virtue of rapid advances in molecular biology and biotechnology. Nowadays, DNA is in the second prime time by way of DNA‐based hybrid catalysts and DNA metalloenzymes in which helical chirality of DNA serves to asymmetric catalysis. DNA‐based hybrid catalysts are attractive system to respond the demand of the times to pursuit green and sustainable society beyond traditional catalytic systems that value reaction efficiency. Herein, we highlight the recent advances and perspective of DNA‐based hybrid catalysts with various aspects of DNA as a versatile scaffold for asymmetric synthesis. We hope that scientists in a variety of fields will be encouraged to join and promote remarkable evolution of this interesting research.