bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vonoprazan and high‐dose amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori first‐line eradication: A single‐arm, interventional study
Authors: Sue Soichiro , Kondo Masaaki , Sato Takeshi , Oka Hiroyuki , Sanga Katsuyuki , Ogashiwa Tsuyoshi , Matsubayashi Mao , Kaneko Hiroaki , Irie Kuniyasu , Maeda Shin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo date, no interventional trial has assessed the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan and high‐dose (500 mg four times daily, 2000 mg/day) amoxicillin dual therapy in terms of Helicobacter pylori eradication. We explored whether this was an appropriate first‐line treatment.MethodsThis prospective, dual‐center, single‐arm interventional study was performed in Japan. Twenty H. pylori‐positive patients lacking any eradication history were treated with vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily and amoxicillin 500 mg four times daily (qid) for 7 days. Eradication was evaluated using a stool H. pylori antigen test. We evaluated safety using patient questionnaires. This study was registered in the jRCT database (jRCT031200128).ResultsThe intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol eradication rates were 90% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68.3–98.8%, n = 20) and 94.4% (95% CI 72.7–99.9%, n = 18) respectively. No significant adverse event was recorded.ConclusionVonoprazan/high‐dose amoxicillin dual therapy can be a safe standard first‐line therapy. We are now undergoing a randomized controlled trial comparing dual therapy and vonoprazan‐based triple therapy.
Adherence challenges with daily oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis during pregnancy and the postpartum period in South African women: a cohort study
Authors: Joseph Davey Dvora , Nyemba Dorothy C. , Castillo‐Mancilla Jose , Wiesner Lubbe , Norman Jennifer , Mvududu Rufaro , Mashele Nyiko , Johnson Leigh F. , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Gorbach Pamina , Coates Thomas J. , Myer Landon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionDaily oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV acquisition. However, prevention effectiveness requires daily adherence prior to and during periods of sexual activity. Little is known about pharmacologic measures of PrEP adherence during pregnancy and postpartum and the factors related to optimal adherence during periods of sexual activity in this population.MethodsBetween August 2019 and October 2021, we enrolled pregnant women without HIV at their first antenatal care visit followed‐up through 12 months postpartum. Eligible women ≥16 years old received HIV prevention counselling and were offered oral PrEP (TDF‐FTC). We quantified tenofovir‐diphosphate (TFV‐DP) in dried blood spots in women who reported taking PrEP in the past 30 days (at quarterly follow‐up visits). We used regression models with generalized estimating equations to evaluate correlates of TFV‐DP (any vs. none, and ≥2 vs. <2 doses/week), adjusting for maternal age and pregnancy status.Results and discussionIn 382 women who started PrEP in pregnancy, returned for follow‐up and reported PrEP use in the past 30 days, the median age was 27 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 23–32), and the median time on PrEP was 168 days (IQR = 84–252 days). Half of the samples had quantifiable TFV‐DP at any time point (52%), declining from 67% of pregnant women 3 months post‐initiation to 31% of postpartum women by 12 months. Overall, 72% had concentrations corresponding to <2 doses/week; 25% ≥2 doses/week; 3% 7 doses/week. Concentrations were lower in postpartum versus pregnancy (age‐adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35–0.54). The correlation of self‐reported adherence and TFV‐DP ranged from –0.07 in pregnancy to 0.25 in postpartum women. Variables associated with having quantifiable TFV‐DP included partner living with HIV/unknown serostatus (aOR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.01–2.22), and reported frequency of sexual activity in the past month (aOR sex >5/month vs. no sex or <5 times/month = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.58–2.82) adjusting for age and pregnancy versus postpartum status. TFV‐DP concentrations declined over follow‐up time (aOR for 6 vs. 3 months = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.36–0.67).ConclusionsObjectively measured adherence to PrEP was low overall and did not correlate with self‐reported use. There is an urgent need for objective adherence measures to support clinical decision‐making as well as adherence support interventions as part of PrEP services for pregnant and postpartum women at risk of HIV.
CRISPR–Cas12‐based field‐deployable system for rapid detection of synthetic DNA sequence of the monkeypox virus genome
Authors: Chen Qun , Gul Ijaz , Liu Changyue , Lei Zhengyang , Li Xingyu , Raheem Muhammad A. , He Qian , Haihui Zhang , Leeansyah Edwin , Zhang Can Y. , Pandey Vijay , Du Ke , Qin Peiwu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe global outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) highlights the need for rapid and cost‐effective MPXV detection tools to effectively monitor and control the monkeypox disease. Herein, we demonstrated a portable CRISPR–Cas‐based system for naked‐eye detection of MPXV. The system harnesses the high selectivity of CRISPR–Cas12 and the isothermal nucleic acid amplification potential of recombinase polymerase amplification. It can detect both the current circulating MPXV clade and the original clades. We reached a limit of detection (LoD) of 22.4 aM (13.5 copies/µl) using a microtiter plate reader, while the visual LoD of the system is 75 aM (45 copies/µl) in a two‐step assay, which is further reduced to 25 aM (15 copies/µl) in a one‐pot system. We compared our results with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and obtained satisfactory consistency. For clinical application, we demonstrated a sensitive and precise visual detection method with attomolar sensitivity and a sample‐to‐answer time of 35 min.
Determination of polyamines in urine via electrospun nanofibers–based solid‐phase extraction coupled with GC‐MS and application to gastric cancer patients
Authors: Xie Li , Chen Weilin , Shu Qing , Xie Wei , Bian Linxiao , Deng Guozhe , Kang Xuejun , Ge Weihong 
Published: December 2022

The simultaneous determination of polyamines and their metabolites in urine samples was achieved by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. After conjugating with the ion‐pair reagent bis‐2‐ethylhexylphosphate in the aqueous phase, the polyamines in the samples were extracted with polystyrene nanofiber‐based packed‐fiber solid‐phase extraction followed by a derivatization step using pentafluoropropionyl anhydride. With optimal conditions, all analytes were separated well. For analytes of putrescine, cadaverine, N‐acetylputrescine, and N‐acetylcadaverine, the linearity was good in the range of 0.05–500 μmol/L (R2 ≥ 0.993). While for spermidine, spermine, acetylspermidine, N8‐acetylspermidine, and N‐acetylspermine, the linearity was good in the range of 0.5–500 μmol/L (R2 ≥ 0.990). The recoveries of three spiked concentrations (0.5, 5, 300 μmol/L) were 85.6%–108.4%, and relative standard deviations for intra‐ and interday were in the range of 2.9%–13.4% and 4.5%–15.1%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine samples of gastric cancer patients. The results showed that the levels of most polyamines and N‐acetylated polyamines from the patient group were significantly higher than those from the control group. The altered concentrations of the above‐mentioned metabolites suggest their role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, and they should be further evaluated as potential markers of gastric cancer.
JSENSE‐Pro: Joint sensitivity estimation and image reconstruction in parallel imaging using pre‐learned subspaces of coil sensitivity functions
Authors: Tang Lihong , Zhao Yibo , Li Yudu , Guo Rong , Cai Bingyang , Wang Jia , Li Yao , Liang Zhi‐Pei , Peng Xi , Luo Jie 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTo improve calibrationless parallel imaging using pre‐learned subspaces of coil sensitivity functions.Theory and MethodsA subspace‐based joint sensitivity estimation and image reconstruction method was developed for improved parallel imaging with no calibration data. Specifically, we proposed to use a probabilistic subspace model to capture prior information of the coil sensitivity functions from previous scans acquired using the same receiver system. Both the subspace basis and coefficient distributions were learned from a small set of training data. The learned subspace model was then incorporated into the regularized reconstruction formalism that includes a sparsity prior. The nonlinear optimization problem was solved using alternating minimization algorithm. Public fastMRI brain dataset was retrospectively undersampled by different schemes for performance evaluation of the proposed method.ResultsWith no calibration data, the proposed method consistently produced the most accurate coil sensitivity estimation and highest quality image reconstructions at all acceleration factors tested in comparison with state‐of‐the‐art methods including JSENSE, DeepSENSE, P‐LORAKS, and Sparse BLIP. Our results are comparable to or even better than those from SparseSENSE, which used calibration data for sensitivity estimation. The work also demonstrated that the probabilistic subspace model learned from T2w data can be generalized to aiding the reconstruction of FLAIR data acquired from the same receiver system.ConclusionA subspace‐based method named JSENSE‐Pro has been proposed for accelerated parallel imaging without the acquisition of companion calibration data. The method is expected to further enhance the practical utility of parallel imaging, especially in applications where calibration data acquisition is not desirable or limited.
Cooking up Hope: Minoritized White Women and their Hope for Equality in Miami's Latinx Dominated Restaurant Industry1
Authors: Williams Judith 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Miami, the US racial category of “white” is being re‐defined to include light skinned Latinx immigrants. In the process, US‐born white Miamians find themselves displaced from the top of Miami's social hierarchy as light skinned Latinx immigrants take over these social positions. This racialized Latinx social re‐positioning is particularly visible in Miami's restaurant industry where the developing social hierarchy leaves white women restaurant workers juggling their white privilege and their traditional gendered roles, with this playing out most profoundly amongst those who occupy “back of house,” or kitchen jobs, where they become both racial and gender minorities.Through the case study of Geena, a white female cook, I will explore the extent to which the precarity of privilege motivates white women to be audacious actors of resistance in a racialized, hetero‐patriarchal restaurant industry. Using an intersectional framework to analyze Geena's lived experiences, this paper focuses specifically on the degree to which her ideas of hope are shaped by class, language, ableism, and sexual orientation. As I will demonstrate through Geena's case study, ideas of hope allow white women to reposition themselves as white saviors, effectively reasserting and reifying whiteness as a superior social category.
Affective Habitus in the Hopeful Art of Capoeira
Authors: Griffith Lauren Miller 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCapoeira is a martial art that is said to have arisen out of the colonial encounter in Brazil. Forbidden from practicing martial arts, the enslaved Africans supposedly added music to their training and disguised it as dance, an artful subterfuge sustaining their hopes that they might one day be able to escape from bondage. Regardless of this story's veracity, it has become a foundational tale that practitioners in the United States reference as justification for a variety of social justice efforts they undertake as capoeiristas. This article introduces the concept of affective habitus as a way of thinking about how membership in a serious leisure community alters the ways in which individuals relate to the world around them, offering hope that the capoeirista's affective habitus might disrupt white supremacy.
Determining patient preferences in the treatment of medication‐refractory overactive bladder
Authors: Speed Jacqueline , Welk Blayne , Comiter Craig , Elliott Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionOveractive bladder (OAB) is often suboptimally addressed by behavioral or pharmacological treatments. Less than 15% of patients choose to pursue advanced OAB therapy (sacral nerve stimulation [SNS], percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation [PTNS], and bladder onabotulinum toxin type‐A [BTX‐A]). We seek to better understand which factors are most important to patients when choosing a third‐line therapy.Methods/MaterialsWe developed a conjoint analysis survey that included five attributes of the third‐line options for OAB (SNS, PTNS, and BTX‐A). We administered the survey to new patients with urinary incontinence at two institutions. A hierarchical Bayes random effects regression analysis was used to determine the relative importance of the attributes. A choice simulator was used to model which third‐line treatment options patients preferred. We followed patients to see if they pursued their predicted treatment.ResultsA total of 108 patients completed the study of whom 89% were women. There was representation from all age groups. The most important attributes of decision‐making were the frequency of future procedures, the risk of catheterization, and the need for a device. On market simulation, SNS was the preferred treatment option (47%), followed by PTNS (29%) and BTX‐A (14%). Only 10% of patients did not find any treatment option acceptable.ConclusionsFrequent follow‐up, risk of catheterization, and the need for a device were the most important attributes when making a decision on third‐line OAB therapy. On market simulation, SNS is the preferred treatment for all age groups though the ultimate choice in third‐line therapy may be affected by external factors.
Nanonodular porous membranes: Novel scaffolds for development and proliferation of dental pulp‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tavasoli Hanieh , Tavasoli Nafiseh , Yunessnia lehi Arash 
Published: December 2022

AbstractScaffolds have similar functions to the extracellular matrix and are an important component of tissue engineering techniques. Poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is one of the scaffolding materials used in this field. The aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility and effect of novel PLLA scaffolds on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation. PLLA scaffolds in this study were nanonodular porous membranes which were prepared by phase separation process. Dental pulp‐derived MSCs were cultured on nanonodular membrane scaffolds and cell vitality and proliferation was evaluated over a 2‐week period using MMT test on days 5, 7, and 9. Also, ultrastructure and adhesion of MSCs to these novel PLLA nanonodular porous membranes using field‐emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) was assessed. The biocompatibility of nanonodular membrane scaffolds was good and the cells adhered well to the membrane surface. The viability of MSCs in the samples with the nanonodular membrane scaffolds was significantly higher than the group without the membrane scaffolds. The highest effect of PLLA nanonodular membrane scaffolds on cell vitality was observed on the ninth day and the least effect was observed on the 5th day. Due to its biodegradability and lack of toxicity, PLLA nanonodular membrane scaffolds increased the rate of adhesion and proliferation of MSCs and this process intensified over time.
Active site architecture of coproporphyrin ferrochelatase with its physiological substrate coproporphyrin III: Propionate interactions and porphyrin core deformation
Authors: Dali Andrea , Gabler Thomas , Sebastiani Federico , Destinger Alina , Furtmüller Paul Georg , Pfanzagl Vera , Becucci Maurizio , Smulevich Giulietta , Hofbauer Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoproporphyrin ferrochelatases (CpfCs) are enzymes catalyzing the penultimate step in the coproporphyrin‐dependent (CPD) heme biosynthesis pathway, which is mainly utilized by monoderm bacteria. Ferrochelatases insert ferrous iron into a porphyrin macrocycle and have been studied for many decades, nevertheless many mechanistic questions remain unanswered to date. Especially CpfCs, which are found in the CPD pathway, are currently in the spotlight of research. This pathway was identified in 2015 and revealed that the correct substrate for these ferrochelatases is coproporphyrin III (cpIII) instead of protoporphyrin IX, as believed prior the discovery of the CPD pathway. The chemistry of cpIII, which has four propionates, differs significantly from protoporphyrin IX, which features two propionate and two vinyl groups. These findings let us to thoroughly describe the physiological cpIII‐ferrochelatase complex in solution and in the crystal phase. Here, we present the first crystallographic structure of the CpfC from the representative monoderm pathogen Listeria monocytogenes bound to its physiological substrate, cpIII, together with the in‐solution data obtained by resonance Raman and UV–vis spectroscopy, for wild‐type ferrochelatase and variants, analyzing propionate interactions. The results allow us to evaluate the porphyrin distortion and provide an in‐depth characterization of the catalytically‐relevant binding mode of cpIII prior to iron insertion. Our findings are discussed in the light of the observed structural restraints and necessities for this porphyrin‐enzyme complex to catalyze the iron insertion process. Knowledge about this initial situation is essential for understanding the preconditions for iron insertion in CpfCs and builds the basis for future studies.
Structural hierarchy of mechanical extensibility in human von Willebrand factor multimers
Authors: Csányi Mária Csilla , Salamon Pál , Feller Tímea , Bozó Tamás , Hársfalvi Jolán , Kellermayer Miklós S. Z. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein composed of 80‐ to 120‐nm‐long protomeric units and plays a fundamental role in mediating platelet function at high shear. The exact nature of the shear‐induced structural transitions have remained elusive; uncovering them requires the high‐resolution quantitative analysis of gradually extended VWF. Here, we stretched human blood‐plasma‐derived VWF with molecular combing and analyzed the axial structure of the elongated multimers with atomic force microscopy. Protomers extended through structural intermediates that could be grouped into seven distinct topographical classes. Protomer extension thus progresses through the uncoiling of the C1–6 domain segment, rearrangements among the N‐terminal VWF domains, and unfolding and elastic extension of the A2 domain. The least and most extended protomer conformations were localized at the ends and the middle of the multimer, respectively, revealing an apparent necking phenomenon characteristic of plastic‐material behavior. The structural hierarchy uncovered here is likely to provide a spatial control mechanism to the complex functions of VWF.
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling of remdesivir and its metabolites in pregnant women with COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Xiaomei I. , Dallmann André , Brooks Kristina , Best Brookie M. , Clarke Diana F. , Mirochnick Mark , van den Anker John N. , Capparelli Edmund V. , Momper Jeremiah D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPregnant individuals are at high risk for severe illness from COVID‐19, and there is an urgent need to identify safe and effective therapeutics for this population. Remdesivir (RDV) is a SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleotide analog RNA polymerase inhibitor. Limited RDV pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety data are available for pregnant women receiving RDV. The aims of this study were to translate a previously published nonpregnant adult physiologically based PK (PBPK) model for RDV to pregnancy and evaluate model performance with emerging clinical PK data in pregnant women with COVID‐19. The pregnancy model was built in the Open Systems Pharmacology software suite (Version 10) including PK‐Sim® and MoBi® with pregnancy‐related changes of relevant enzymes applied. PK were predicted in a virtual population of 1000 pregnant subjects, and prediction results were compared with in vivo PK data from the International Maternal, Pediatric, Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Network 2032 study. The developed PBPK model successfully captured RDV and its metabolites' plasma concentrations during pregnancy. The ratios of prediction versus observation for RDV area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were 1.61 and 1.17, respectively. For GS‐704277, the ratios of predicted versus observed were 0.94 for AUC0–∞ and 1.20 for Cmax. For GS‐441524, the ratios of predicted versus observed were 1.03 for AUC0–24, 1.05 for Cmax, and 1.07 for concentrations at 24 h. All predictions of AUC and Cmax for RDV and its metabolites were within a twofold error range, and about 60% of predictions were within a 10% error range. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of translating PBPK models to pregnant women to potentially guide trial design, clinical decision making, and drug development.
Flavonoids as a therapeutical option for the treatment of thrombotic complications associated with COVID‐19
Authors: Quintal Martínez Juan Pablo , Segura Campos Maira Rubi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak has been one of the largest public health crises globally, while thrombotic complications have emerged as an important factor contributing to mortality. Therefore, compounds that regulate the processes involved in thrombosis could represent a dietary strategy to prevent thrombotic complications involved in COVID‐19. In August 2022, various databases were consulted using the keywords “flavonoids”, “antiplatelet”, “anticoagulant”, “fibrinolytic”, and “nitric oxide”. Studies conducted between 2019 and 2022 were chosen. Flavonoids, at concentrations mainly between 2 and 300 μM, are capable of regulating platelet aggregation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and nitric oxide production due to their action on multiple receptors and enzymes. Most of the studies have been carried out through in vitro and in silico models, and limited studies have reported the in vivo and clinical effect of flavonoids. Currently, quercetin has been the only flavonoid evaluated clinically in patients with COVID‐19 for its effect on D‐dimer levels. Therefore, clinical studies in COVID‐19 patients analyzing the effect on platelet, coagulant, fibrinolytic, and nitric oxide parameters are required. In addition, further high‐quality studies that consider cytotoxic safety and bioavailability are required to firmly propose flavonoids as a treatment for the thrombotic complications implicated in COVID‐19.