bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation effects on the structure and alteration behavior of an SiO2–Al2O3–B2O3–Na2O glass
Authors: Jan Amreen , Delaye Jean‐Marc , Kaya Huseyin , Kim Seong H. , Mir Anamul Haq , Charpentier Thibault , Angeli Frédéric , Gin Stephane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs borosilicate glasses are used in many countries to immobilize fission products and minor actinides after spent fuel reprocessing before storage in a deep geological repository, assessing that their chemical durability is of paramount importance. Here, pristine and preirradiated (952 MeV, 136Xe) SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–Na2O glasses with the same molar ratios as in the French SON68 and ISG glasses have been subjected to aqueous corrosion in deionized water and in silica‐saturated solution to measure the initial and longer term alteration rates. Pristine and preirradiated glasses corrode following the same mechanisms, but the preirradiation has a strong impact on the initial dissolution rate (increase by a factor of 5.6), and on the alteration layer depth in silica‐saturated conditions (by two‐ to threefolds). The later result is related to the formation of a more porous, less passivating gel on the preirradiated glass specimen. Using both experimental spectroscopies (NMR, IR, and SFG) and classical molecular dynamics, the radiation effects on the glass structure and water diffusion have been assessed. After preirradiation, the density and the polymerization degree of the glass decrease, whereas the topological disorder increases. In consequence, water diffusion accelerates. These observations allow to correlate the radiation impact on the alteration behavior to the structural changes.
Introgression of a synthetic sex ratio distortion transgene into different genetic backgrounds ofAnopheles coluzzii
Authors: Pollegioni Paola , Persampieri Tania , Minuz Roxana L. , Bucci Alessandro , Trusso Alessandro , Martino Salvatore Di , Leo Chiara , Bruttini Marco , Ciolfi Marco , Waldvogel Ann‐Marie , Tripet Frédéric , Simoni Alekos , Crisanti Andrea , Müller Ruth 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe development of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) and their subsequent field release offers innovative approaches for vector control of malaria. A non‐gene drive self‐limiting male‐bias Ag(PMB)1 strain has been developed in a 47‐year‐old laboratory G3 strain ofAnopheles gambiae s.l. When Ag(PMB)1 males are crossed to wild‐type females, expression of the endonuclease I‐PpoI during spermatogenesis causes the meiotic cleavage of the X chromosome in sperm cells, leading to fertile offspring with a 95% male bias. However, World Health Organization states that the functionality of the transgene could differ when inserted in different genetic backgrounds ofAnopheles coluzziiwhich is currently a predominant species in several West‐African countries and thus a likely recipient for a potential release of self‐limiting GMMs. In this study, we introgressed the transgene from the donor Ag(PMB)1 by six serial backcrosses into two recipient colonies ofAn. coluzziithat had been isolated in Mali and Burkina Faso. Scans of informative Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers and whole‐genome sequencing analysis revealed a nearly complete introgression of chromosomes 3 and X, but a remarkable genomic divergence in a large region of chromosome 2 between the later backcrossed (BC6) transgenic offspring and the recipient paternal strains. These findings suggested to extend the backcrossing breeding strategy beyond BC6 generation and increasing the introgression efficiency of critical regions that have ecological and epidemiological implications through the targeted selection of specific markers. Disregarding differential introgression efficiency, we concluded that the phenotype of the sex ratio distorter is stable in the BC6 introgressedAn. coluzziistrains.
Screening sintering aids for 0.88(Bi0.4Na0.2K0.2Ba0.2)TiO3–0.12Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 high‐entropy dielectric ceramics
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Yan Bo , Chen Kepi , An Linan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe liquid phase screening method was used to search for sintering aids for 0.88(Bi0.4K0.2Na0.2Ba0.2)TiO3–0.12Sr(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. The efficiency of the method was tested by studying the effect of three selected oxides on the densification and properties of the ceramics. The results showed that all three selected sintering aids can improve the sintering ability and energy storage performance. The sample with 1.5 mol% SiO2 exhibited a recoverable energy storage density and storage efficiency of 2.61 J/cm3 and 77.4% at an electric field of 270 kV/cm, indicating its promising applications in the low‐to‐moderate fields.
Optical transmission, dispersion, and transition behavior of ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Hao , Tu Bingtian , Zheng Kaiping , Gu Honggang , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs an emerging transparent ceramic with extremely wide transmission range, the unique optical properties of ZnGa2O4are of particular interest. In this work, ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic with high optical quality was prepared by pressureless sintering and hot isostatic pressing. Its optical behavior was then comprehensively studied. The critical optical data, including refractive index, extinction coefficient, Abbé number, absorption coefficient in infrared region, and phonon frequency, were investigated. The indirect band gap and the phonon energy assisting indirect transition were determined as 4.10 and 0.17 eV, respectively. The modified Sellmeier equation and single‐oscillator dispersion relation were derived to describe the optical dispersion. Benefitting from the weaker tetrahedral Zn–O bond and heavier cationic masses, the infrared transmission range of ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic was broadened significantly. Oxygen vacancies were suggested to induce the absorption in lower photon energy region of ZnGa2O4transparent ceramic, which may enrich its functionalization. This work is meaningful for gaining overall insight into optical properties of transparent materials.
Clinical management of melanocytic tumours of uncertain malignant potential (MelTUMPs), including melanocytomas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Varey Alexander H. R. , Williams Gabrielle J. , Lo Serigne N. , Taing Cecilia Y. , Maurichi Andrea , Santinami Mario , Scolyer Richard A. , Thompson John F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLittle guidance is currently available for managing patients with melanocytic tumours of uncertain or low malignant potential (MelTUMPs, including melanocytomas), in particular the optimal excision margins and whether to offer sentinel node biopsy (SNB). The objective of this review was to evaluate excision margins and the prognostic utility of SNB by systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to October 2021 for studies of patients with MelTUMPs reporting excision margins and/or SNB‐positivity. Meta‐analysis was performed on the SNB‐positivity rate using a random effects model, followed by sensitivity analyses on subgroups. 111 primary studies reported excision margins and/or SNB data for 1962 patients. Follow‐up was available for 1649 patients: 1561 (94.7%) were alive without disease at last review, 53 (3.2%) had developed further disease, 29 (1.8%) had died of metastatic disease (melanoma) and six (0.4%) died of unrelated causes. SNB was performed in 837 patients. The pooled positivity rate on meta‐analysis was 32% (95% CI: 23–44%). Clinical outcome could be correlated with excision margin in only 171 patients (60% of those with known follow up) and was therefore not analysed further. Evidence indicating the ideal excision margins for MelTUMPs was lacking. SNB had a high positivity rate despite very low rates of recurrence or melanoma‐related death. Consequently, SNB should not be offered routinely for MelTUMPs (including melanocytomas), due to its lack of prognostic utility for this tumour type (high certainty of evidence).
The Network Relative Model Accuracy (NeRMA) Score can quantify the relative accuracy of prediction models in concurrent external validations
Authors: van Walraven Carl , Tuna Meltem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundNetwork meta‐analysis (NMA) quantifies the relative efficacy of three or more interventions from trials evaluating some, but usually not all, treatments. This study applied the analytical approach of NMA to quantify the relative accuracy of prediction models with distinct patient applicability that are evaluated on the same population (‘concurrent external validation’).MethodsWe simulated binary events in 5000 patients using a known risk function. We biased the risk function and modified its precision by pre‐specified amounts to create 15 prediction models with varying accuracy and distinct patient applicability. Prediction model accuracy was measured using the Scaled Brier Score (SBS). Overall prediction model accuracy was measured using fixed‐effects methods accounting for distinct model applicability patterns. Prediction model accuracy was summarized as the Network Relative Model Accuracy (NeRMA) Score which increases as models become more accurate and ranges from <0 (model less accurate than random guessing) through 0 (accuracy of random guessing) to 1 (most accurate model in concurrent external validation).ResultsThe unbiased prediction model had the highest SBS. The NeRMA score correctly ranked all simulated prediction models by the extent of bias from the known risk function. A SAS macro and R‐function was created and available to implement the NeRMA Score.ConclusionsThe NeRMA Score makes it possible to quantify the relative accuracy of binomial prediction models with distinct applicability in a concurrent external validation.
Quantitative analysis of backscattered‐electron contrast in scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Čalkovský Martin , Müller Erich , Gerthsen Dagmar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackscattered‐electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE‐SEM) imaging is a valuable technique for materials characterisation because it provides information about the homogeneity of the material in the analysed specimen and is therefore an important technique in modern electron microscopy. However, the information contained in BSE‐SEM images is up to now rarely quantitatively evaluated. The main challenge of quantitative BSE‐SEM imaging is to relate the measured BSE intensity to the backscattering coefficient η and the (average) atomic numberZto derive chemical information from the BSE‐SEM image. We propose a quantitative BSE‐SEM method, which is based on the comparison of Monte–Carlo (MC) simulated and measured BSE intensities acquired from wedge‐shaped electron‐transparent specimens with known thickness profile. The new method also includes measures to improve and validate the agreement of the MC simulations with experimental data. Two different challenging samples (ZnS/Zn(OxS1–x)/ZnO/Si‐multilayer and PTB7/PC71BM‐multilayer systems) are quantitatively analysed, which demonstrates the validity of the proposed method and emphasises the importance of realistic MC simulations for quantitative BSE‐SEM analysis. Moreover, MC simulations can be used to optimise the imaging parameters (electron energy, detection‐angle range) in advance to avoid tedious experimental trial and error optimisation. Under optimised imaging conditions pre‐determined by MC simulations, the BSE‐SEM technique is capable of distinguishing materials with small composition differences.
How Adolescents and Parents See Their Moral Responsibilities With Regard to Adolescents Using Alcohol—A Deductive Secondary Analysis
Authors: Mynttinen Mari A. , Mishina Kaisa E. , Kangasniemi Mari K. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study described how adolescents and the parents saw their moral responsibilities with regard to adolescents using alcohol.METHODSThis was a deductive secondary analysis, based on Hart's taxonomy of moral responsibility. The primary studies were based on 19 group interviews with 87 adolescents aged 14‐16 and 17 interviews with 20 parents. Voluntary participants were recruited by purposive sampling from two public schools in Finland.RESULTSRole responsibilities comprised of adolescents taking care of themselves and parents providing authority figures and helping adolescents to make rational decisions about alcohol. Capacity responsibilities referred to adolescents' abilities to make independent decisions on using alcohol and their developing abilities to control their actions. Parents required abilities to get involved in and show an interest in their children's everyday lives. Causal responsibilities focused on ensuring that adolescents did not cause harm when they used alcohol, and parents had to acknowledge and react to the consequences. Liability responsibilities were about the law on alcohol use and responsibilities for any legal consequences. The role schools could play was important.CONCLUSIONSAdolescents and parents had wide‐ranging responsibilities related to the adolescents' using alcohol and school nurses could play an important role in healthy decisions.
Targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus: A micro‐costing analysis
Authors: Gillespie Alanna N , Dalziel Kim , Webb Emma , Wong Janis , Jones Cheryl A , Sung Valerie ,   the HearS‐cCMV Project
Published: October 2022

AimWe aimed to determine the cost and potential cost‐savings of delivering a targeted congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) screening programme through a universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) programme to detect cCMV‐related hearing loss in infants from Victoria, Australia.MethodsWe completed a micro‐costing analysis from a health‐care perspective using data from a targeted cCMV screening programme piloted between June 2019 and March 2020. The programme involved collection of saliva samples to test for cCMV in infants who: received a ‘refer’ result on their second newborn hearing screen; were aged 21 days or less; and born at one of four maternity hospitals in Victoria, Australia. All costs to complete targeted cCMV screening were recorded in Australian 2020 dollars. Potential costs and benefits of adding targeted cCMV screening to the pre‐existing UNHS programme were compared to when no screening was available up to 18 years to determine the likely cost or cost savings.ResultsThe cost of adding targeted cCMV screening to Victoria's UNHS is $202 per infant screened. The total cost per positive case identified is $21 456. The overall cost of adding targeted salivary cCMV screening at the point of a second ‘refer’ result on the UNHS programme in Victoria's four largest hospitals is estimated to be $28 966 for the first year.ConclusionTargeted screening for cCMV provides families the opportunity to detect and, if appropriate, treat cCMV in the first month of life in line with current recommendations. It falls within the range between cost neutral and cost saving.
Understanding adolescent girls' and young women's health‐seeking for female genital cosmetic surgery: How can clinicians help their patients?
Authors: Barnard Emma , Gillam Lynn , Grover Sonia , Guillemin Marilys 
Published: October 2022

AimThis study aimed to understand why adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) would seek consultation with a health professional about genital appearance concerns and/or request female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS). The information derived from these participant interviews can inform clinical practice and help clinicians better navigate consultations with young women and girls requesting FGCS.MethodsA qualitative exploratory study was conducted using in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with AGYW (n = 11) in Victoria, Australia. Participants comprised 11 AGYW who sought consultation with a health professional when aged 13–19 years for genital appearance concerns and/or requests for FGCS. Key themes were identified using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsOf 11 participants, five had undergone FGCS between the ages of 13 and 23 years. Key reasons for seeking a consultation identified in the interviews included: ideas about what ‘normal’ genitals look like, experiences of sexual harassment and bullying, and concerns about genital appearance developing before sexual debut.ConclusionsIt is important to understand why AGYW want to access these procedures, given the risks involved, and that FGCS is not recommended by paediatric specialist organisations. Understanding why AGYW seek consultation for FGCS can help inform clinical practice, and the views expressed by participants in this study can help clinicians who work in this area to better support their patients.
Movement and activity of endangered Asiatic lions in relation to land‐use, season and group characteristics
Authors: Ram M. , Vasavada D. , Tikadar S. , Jhala L. S. , Zala Y. , Meena V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe studied the activity patterns and movement characteristics of 19 Asiatic lions (Panthera leo leo) monitored through satellite radio‐collars equipped with activity sensors. We investigated the variations in the daily distance covered (movement) and the daily activity patterns from acceleration sensors (activity) in relation to season, group size, age and sex. We hypothesised that for the Asiatic lions: (1) the movement and activity should be variable in relation to demographic parameters (age, sex and social status) and (2) the land tenure characteristics, such as home range and daily distance moved, may be variable within and outside Gir PA (PA). Adult lions' mean daytime activity was 20.37 ± 11.15, while the daily distance moved was 5.1 ± 4.0 km. There was a significant difference in the mean daily distance between males and females, but none between adult and sub‐adult males. Females showed significantly less activity and movement compared to adult males. Adult males were significantly more active than sub‐adult males. Compared to within PA, the mean daily movement for adult males and females ranging outside PA was not different but more significant for sub‐adult males. At the same time, the home ranges are larger outside PA compared to within PA. The difference in space use outside PA was an artefact of long distance forays by adult and sub‐adult males and females on certain days. The foraying distances showed a characteristic pattern for sub‐adult males, adult males and females. We recommend incorporating such intra‐specific variation in movement behaviour due to age–sex and lions' life‐history requirements in conservation planning. We further recommend a detailed investigation of resource and habitat use considering demographic variability for implementing management action for conserving Asiatic lions in multi‐use landscapes.
Enhancing crop yields through improvements in the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration
Authors: Garcia Andres , Gaju Oorbessy , Bowerman Andrew F. , Buck Sally A. , Evans John R. , Furbank Robert T. , Gilliham Matthew , Millar A. Harvey , Pogson Barry J. , Reynolds Matthew P. , Ruan Yong‐Ling , Taylor Nicolas L. , Tyerman Stephen D. , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe rate with which crop yields per hectare increase each year is plateauing at the same time that human population growth and other factors increase food demand. Increasing yield potential () of crops is vital to address these challenges. In this review, we explore a component of that has yet to be optimised – that being improvements in the efficiency with which light energy is converted into biomass () via modifications to CO2 fixed per unit quantum of light (α), efficiency of respiratory ATP production () and efficiency of ATP use (). For α, targets include changes in photoprotective machinery, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase kinetics and photorespiratory pathways. There is also potential for to be increased via targeted changes to the expression of the alternative oxidase and mitochondrial uncoupling pathways. Similarly, there are possibilities to improve via changes to the ATP costs of phloem loading, nutrient uptake, futile cycles and/or protein/membrane turnover. Recently developed high‐throughput measurements of respiration can serve as a proxy for the cumulative energy cost of these processes. There are thus exciting opportunities to use our growing knowledge of factors influencing the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration to create a step‐change in yield potential of globally important crops.
Usefulness of the Kinect‐V2 System for Determining the Global Gait Index to Assess Functional Recovery after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cho Hong Man , Seon Jangwon , Park JiYeon , Ahn Jihoon , Lee Young 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe Korean Knee Society (KKS) score is used for functional evaluation during follow‐up after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but it is time‐consuming to measure and is limited by its subjective nature. We investigated whether the global gait asymmetry index (GGA) that can be obtained using the Kinect‐V2 system could overcome the KKS limitations.MethodsForty‐three patients who underwent TKA from January 2019 to December 2019 were included. Postoperatively, regular follow‐up was performed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, and at 4, 6, and 12 months. At each follow‐up visit, the KKS was measured, and the walking path was followed with six Kinect‐V2 systems. After allowing the participants to walk naturally, the range of motion of each joint of the lower extremity and GGA were obtained. Changes in the KKS and GGA scores and measurement times were investigated until the final follow‐up. A statistical model was made to predict the KKS from the GGA score using data at all observed time points, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Turkey's post‐hoc tests and Pearson correlation tests were used for evaluation.ResultsBoth the KKS and GGA scores improved significantly from 4 weeks postoperatively until the final follow‐up. The measurement time was significantly shorter for the GGA (9.3 ± 1.4 min) than for the KKS (32.4 ± 9.2 min; P < 0.001) score. The predicted and actual KKS values clustered close to a straight line on the scatter plot, but the prediction was less accurate in the initial stage (2 weeks post‐surgery) than at later time points. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square of the error (RMSE) were considered to be poorly predicted in the initial stage (8 weeks post‐surgery) compared to the later time‐points (MAE ≥ 5 and RMSE ≥ 6 for 8 weeks post‐surgery).ConclusionIn the early phase after knee joint surgery (up to 12 weeks post‐surgery), the GGA index does not predict the KKS well. However, after this time point, the GGA index can be simply measured in the outpatient department and may be able to replace the KKS. Thus, evaluation of the GGA index using the Kinect‐V2 may be a useful method to evaluate functional recovery in the outpatient clinic after knee joint surgery.