bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resurrection of dormant zooplankton grazers reveals multiple evolutionary responses to toxic cyanobacteria
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Jiang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe cyanobacterial blooms caused by eutrophication exert strong selection on zooplankton grazers. Resurrection ecology, coupled with multivariate reaction norm analysis, can be used to parse the relative contributions of plasticity and evolution to mediating adaptation to environmental changes in natural populations. Here, we tested whether increasing levels of toxic cyanobacteria result in multivariate reaction norm changes in a natural zooplankton population. We resurrected dormant eggs of Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Cladocera) from three sediment layers in Dianshan Lake from 1988 to 2018, a period during which the abundances of cyanobacteria continuously increased, and conducted a common garden experiment to quantify the multivariate reaction norms of nine morphological, life history, and behavioral traits involved in the response to the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. The youngest subpopulation coinciding with the high‐eutrophic period was characterized by smaller size at birth and maturity and fewer offspring in their second broods compared with the oldest subpopulation coinciding with the low‐eutrophic period. Patterns of covariance in multivariate trait space provided strong evidence of adaptive evolution in multiple traits over time. The total trait change generated through both constitutive evolution and evolution of plasticity ranged from 1% to 64% depending on the trait and subpopulations being compared. These results suggest that multivariate phenotypic shifts in response to environmental changes in the study population are achieved by integrating plasticity, evolution of trait means, and evolution of plasticity.
The correlation of flap blood glucose with fat necrosis of free abdominal flap for unilateral breast reconstruction
Authors: Tokumoto Hideki , Akita Shinsuke , Kosaka Kentaro , Kubota Yoshitaka , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFlap blood glucose (FBG) measurement is proposed as a monitoring technique. A cause of long‐lasting fever could be derived from fat necrosis. If the findings of low FBG correlated with fat necrosis, it could predict the poor cosmetic result and a source of fever. However, this correlation remained unsolved. The purpose of this study was to clarify this correlation in breast reconstruction.MethodsIn the 180 unilateral breast cancer patients (mean age = 49.8 years) performed free abdominal flap, we retrospectively compared the group where fat necrosis occurred with the group where it did not occur (45 patients with fat necrosis vs. 135 patients without). We compared the average of FBG in each postoperative day.ResultsThe average FBG was significantly lower in patients with fat necrosis in the second postoperative day (115.3 ± 27.3 vs. 126.3 ± 13.7 mg/dl, p = .026) and the third postoperative day (111.1 ± 22.1 vs. 118.8 ± 13.8 mg/dl, p = .036). Mean BMI and inserted total flap weight were significantly higher in patients with the fat necrosis group (24.8 vs. 22.9 kg/m2, p = .005) (617 vs. 478 g, p = .006). The multivariate analysis revealed early FBG (OR = 0.96, p = .0002) and laterality (right side) (OR = 0.46, p = .043) were independently significant predictors. There were no significant between‐group differences regarding other factors (age, systemic blood glucose, comorbidities and operative details).ConclusionsThe possibility of fat necrosis was high for patients with low FBG in the early postoperative day.
Dynamical analysis of an SDOF quasi‐linear system with jump noises and multitime‐delayed feedback forces
Authors: Jia Wantao , Luo Mingxia , Hao Mengli , Xu Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, stochastic dynamics of a single degree‐of‐freedom quasi‐linear system with multitime delays and Poisson white noises are investigated using an approximate procedure based on the stochastic averaging method. The simplified equations, including the averaged stochastic differential equation and the averaged generalized Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation, are obtained to calculate the probability density functions (PDFs) to explore stationary responses. The expression of the Lyapunov exponent is presented to examine the asymptotic stochastic Lyapunov stability. An illustrative example of a quasi‐linear oscillator with two Poisson white noises controlled by two time‐delayed feedback forces is worked out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The approximate stationary PDFs of stochastic responses and asymptotic stochastic stability are demonstrated numerically and theoretically. The results show that the Gaussian white noise has a stronger influence on the dynamics than the Poisson white noise with a small mean arrival rate. Moreover, the influence of the time delay and noise parameters on stochastic dynamics is investigated. It is found that the PDFs under the Poisson white noise approach those under Gaussian white noise as the mean arrival rate increases. The time delay can induce stochastic P‐bifurcation of the system. It is also found that the increase of time delay and the mean arrival rates of the Poisson white noises will broaden the unstable parameter region. The comparison between numerical and theoretical results shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
On finding strong approximate inverses for tensors
Authors: Khosravi Dehdezi Eisa , Karimi Saeed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article investigates a fast and highly efficient algorithm to find the strong approximation inverse of an invertible tensor. The convergence analysis shows that the proposed method is of ten order of convergence using only six tensor–tensor multiplications per iteration. Also, we obtain a bound for the perturbation error in each iteration. We show that the proposed algorithm can be used for finding the Moore–Penrose and outer inverses of tensors. We obtain the relationship between the singular values of an arbitrary tensor and eigenvalues of the . We give the computational complexity of our algorithm and prove the theoretical aspects of the article. The generalized Moore–Penrose inverse of tensors is defined. As an application, we use the iteration obtained by the algorithm as preconditioning of the Krylov subspace methods to solve the multilinear system . Several numerical experiments are proposed to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. Finally, we give some concluding remarks.
Chiral Iodotriptycenes: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Khan Nasim , Itaya Katsunori , Wirth Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew iodotriptycenes, including some chiral derivatives, have been synthesised, and their catalytic potential towards oxidative transformations has been investigated. The enantioselectivities observed in the products using chiral iodotriptycene catalysts are low, probably owing to the large distances between the coordinating groups and the iodine moieties in these compounds.
Use of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers in enhancing mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of polyoxymethylene nanocomposites
Authors: Wong Joon Fatt , Chan Jia Xin , Hassan Azman , Mohamad Zurina , Hashim Shahrir , Abd Razak Jeefferie , Ching Yern Chee , Yunos Zaini , Yahaya Ridwan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers (SWN) reinforced polyoxymethylene (POM) nanocomposites. SWN has been added into the POM nanocomposites in the range of 0.5–3 phr via melt blending. The mechanical properties were investigated through tensile and impact tests with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The thermal characterization was performed by thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Flame retardancy of nanocomposites was studied through cone calorimetry analysis and limiting oxygen index test. The tensile strength of nanocomposites improved by 5.88% at 1 phr SWN content, whereas Young's modulus increased with increasing content. The thermal stability of nanocomposites was enhanced as indicated by the higher initial degradation temperature, which rose about 22°C at 1 phr SWN content. The POM/SWN nanocomposites exhibited better mechanical strength despite their lower crystallinity due to the substantial reinforcing effect of SWN. The flame retardancy of nanocomposites improved, as indicated by the reduction of peak heat release rate from the cone calorimetry test. This study shows that SWN has simultaneously enhanced the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of POM nanocomposites and has the potential in automotive applications.
Nondestructive in situ monitoring of pea seeds germination using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Li Xinhua , Yang Xingyu , Li Xiaoran , Zhao Zhiyi , Zhang Zijian , Lin Hungyen , Kang Dingming , Shen Yaochun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeed germination and uniform plant stand in the field are the most critical crop growth stages determining the final yield. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds production is often hampered due to the seed dormancy caused by the hard seed coat. Such effect is mainly attributed to poor or uneven germination and unsynchronised seedling emergence. Understanding the time course of water intake and several critical germination indicators can reveal many features of seed germination such as rate and uniformity. This paper used optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive and cross‐sectional imaging technique, to monitor the inner structural changes throughout the germination process. A sequence of cross‐sectional OCT images of pea (P. sativum L.) seeds, together with additional microscopic optical images, was recorded continuously and in situ for over 40 h. OCT and microscopic images revealed the changes in the internal structure and the external shape of the pea seeds during germination, respectively. It was found that the cross‐sectional OCT images helped to identify the critical indicators distinguishing the different phases of germination pea seeds. Therefore, the presented OCT approach offers a fast and nondestructive way to precisely measure the structural indicators in different germination phases.
Endosymbionts in cranberry: Diversity, effect on plant growth, and pathogen biocontrol
Authors: Salhi Lila Naouelle , Bustamante Villalobos Peniel , Forget Lise , Burger Gertraud , Lang B. Franz 
Published: July 2022

Societal impact statementThis investigation addresses the diversity of microbial endosymbionts in cranberry, which are among the least understood and ill‐defined ericoid symbionts. There is excellent potential for Ericaceous plants, such as cranberry and blueberry, to be farmed more sustainably once the properties and functioning of their associated microbiomes are known in more detail. Here, we demonstrate that some bacterial and fungal endosymbionts of cranberry stimulate plant growth and suppress fungal pathogens. They have the potential for field applications as a first step toward sustainable cranberry farming.Summary

Virtually, all vascular plants harbor bacterial and fungal endosymbionts, which colonize predominantly but not exclusively, roots. Most common among fungal partners are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) that live within plant roots and provide soil nutrients to the plant while receiving from the plant organic carbon sources. Ericaceae are an exception as they do not host AMF but rather the taxonomically ill‐defined “ericoid mycorrhizal fungi,” including select ascomycete and basidiomycete species. Because the diversity of endosymbionts in Ericaceae is poorly investigated, we set out to explore the microbiome of Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (cranberry).
Here, we report the isolation and ribotyping of ~180 distinct bacterial and fungal endophytes collected from roots, stems, and leaves of cranberry plants cultivated in Quebec, Canada. Plant growth promotion was assessed after inoculating plant cuttings with these microbes, whereas pathogen suppression was tested on agar plates by growth confrontation.
We show that the cranberry microbiome varies substantially between tissues, cultivars, and across fields of the same farm. Among the isolates, 16 bacterial and 8 fungal strains exhibit biofertilization or biocontrol properties with potential application in sustainable cranberry farming.
We propose to move towards a more rigorous, molecular‐based definition of ericoid mycorrhiza, accounting for their broad evolutionary and morphological diversity.
Heterologous expression of naturally evolved putative de novo proteins with chaperones
Authors: Eicholt Lars A. , Aubel Margaux , Berk Katrin , Bornberg‐Bauer Erich , Lange Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, evidence has accumulated that new protein‐coding genes can emerge de novo from previously non‐coding DNA. Most studies have focused on large scale computational predictions of de novo protein‐coding genes across a wide range of organisms. In contrast, experimental data concerning the folding and function of de novo proteins are scarce. This might be due to difficulties in handling de novo proteins in vitro, as most are short and predicted to be disordered. Here, we propose a guideline for the effective expression of eukaryotic de novo proteins in Escherichia coli. We used 11 sequences from Drosophila melanogaster and 10 from Homo sapiens, that are predicted de novo proteins from former studies, for heterologous expression. The candidate de novo proteins have varying secondary structure and disorder content. Using multiple combinations of purification tags, E. coli expression strains, and chaperone systems, we were able to increase the number of solubly expressed putative de novo proteins from 30% to 62%. Our findings indicate that the best combination for expressing putative de novo proteins in E. coli is a GST‐tag with T7 Express cells and co‐expressed chaperones. We found that, overall, proteins with higher predicted disorder were easier to express.StatementToday, we know that proteins do not only evolve by duplication and divergence of existing proteins but also arise from previously non‐coding DNA. These proteins are called de novo proteins. Their properties are still poorly understood and their experimental analysis faces major obstacles. Here, we aim to present a starting point for soluble expression of de novo proteins with the help of chaperones and thereby enable further characterization.
ATP‐independent molecular chaperone activity generated under reducing conditions
Authors: Leppert Axel , Chen Gefei , Lianoudaki Danai , Williams Chloe , Zhong Xueying , Gilthorpe Jonathan D. , Landreh Michael , Johansson Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMolecular chaperones are essential to maintain proteostasis. While the functions of intracellular molecular chaperones that oversee protein synthesis, folding and aggregation, are established, those specialized to work in the extracellular environment are less understood. Extracellular proteins reside in a considerably more oxidizing milieu than cytoplasmic proteins and are stabilized by abundant disulfide bonds. Hence, extracellular proteins are potentially destabilized and sensitive to aggregation under reducing conditions. We combine biochemical and mass spectrometry experiments and elucidate that the molecular chaperone functions of the extracellular protein domain Bri2 BRICHOS only appear under reducing conditions, through the assembly of monomers into large polydisperse oligomers by an intra‐ to intermolecular disulfide bond relay mechanism. Chaperone‐active assemblies of the Bri2 BRICHOS domain are efficiently generated by physiological thiol‐containing compounds and proteins, and appear in parallel with reduction‐induced aggregation of extracellular proteins. Our results give insights into how potent chaperone activity can be generated from inactive precursors under conditions that are destabilizing to most extracellular proteins and thereby support protein stability/folding in the extracellular space.SignificanceChaperones are essential to cells as they counteract toxic consequences of protein misfolding particularly under stress conditions. Our work describes a novel activation mechanism of an extracellular molecular chaperone domain, called Bri2 BRICHOS. This mechanism is based on reducing conditions that initiate small subunits to assemble into large oligomers via a disulfide relay mechanism. Activated Bri2 BRICHOS inhibits reduction‐induced aggregation of extracellular proteins and could be a means to boost proteostasis in the extracellular environment upon reductive stress.
AlphaFold predicts the most complex protein knot and composite protein knots
Authors: Brems Maarten A. , Runkel Robert , Yeates Todd O. , Virnau Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe computer artificial intelligence system AlphaFold has recently predicted previously unknown three‐dimensional structures of thousands of proteins. Focusing on the subset with high‐confidence scores, we algorithmically analyze these predictions for cases where the protein backbone exhibits rare topological complexity, that is, knotting. Amongst others, we discovered a 71‐knot, the most topologically complex knot ever found in a protein, as well several six‐crossing composite knots comprised of two methyltransferase or carbonic anhydrase domains, each containing a simple trefoil knot. These deeply embedded composite knots occur evidently by gene duplication and interconnection of knotted dimers. Finally, we report two new five‐crossing knots including the first 51‐knot. Our list of analyzed structures forms the basis for future experimental studies to confirm these novel‐knotted topologies and to explore their complex folding mechanisms.
Pulmonary thromboembolic events in COVID‐19—A systematic literature review
Authors: Overton Paul M. , Toshner Mark , Mulligan Claire , Vora Pareen , Nikkho Sylvia , de Backer Jan , Lavon Ben R. , Klok Frederikus A. ,   the PVRI Innovative Drug Development Initiative
Published: July 2022

AbstractPulmonary thromboembolic events have been linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), but their incidence and long‐term sequelae remain unclear. We performed a systematic literature review to investigate the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE), microthrombi, thrombosis in situ (thromboinflammatory disease), and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) during and after COVID‐19. PubMed and the World Health Organization Global Research Database were searched on May 7, 2021. Hospital cohort and database studies reporting data for ≥1000 patients and autopsy studies reporting data for ≥20 patients were included. Results were summarized descriptively. We screened 1438 records and included 41 references (32 hospital/database studies and 9 autopsy studies). The hospital/database studies reported the incidence of PE but not CTEPH, microthrombi, or thromboinflammatory disease. PE incidence varied widely (0%–1.1% of outpatients, 0.9%–8.2% of hospitalized patients, and 1.8%–18.9% of patients in intensive care). One study reported PE events occurring within 45 days after hospital discharge (incidence in discharged patients: 0.2%). Segmental arteries were generally the most common location for PE. In autopsy studies, PE, thromboinflammatory disease, and microthrombi were reported in 6%–23%, 43%–100%, and 45%–84% of deceased patients, respectively. Overall, the included studies mostly focused on PE during the acute phase of COVID‐19. The results demonstrate the challenges of identifying and characterizing vascular abnormalities using current protocols (e.g., visual computed tomography reads). Further research is needed to detect subtle pulmonary vascular abnormalities, distinguish thromboinflammatory disease from PE, optimize treatment, and assess the incidence of long‐term sequelae after COVID‐19.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension previously operated by pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Andersen Asger , Hansen Jacob Valentin , Dragsbaek Simone Juel , Maeng Michael , Andersen Mads Jønsson , Andersen Gratien , Mellemjkaer Søren , Ilkjær Lars Bo , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBalloon pulmonary angioplasty improved hemodynamics, walking distance, and World Health Organization functional class in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension not eligible for pulmonary endarterectomy (Non‐PEA) and patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension after PEA (PEA). More mild complications were observed in PEA‐ compared to Non‐PEA.
Adaptive event‐triggered dissipative filter design for semi‐Markov jump systems under hybrid network attacks
Authors: Wen Daolin , Yang Zhe , Mu Xiaowu , Fang Jianyin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the adaptive event‐triggered dissipative filter design for semi‐Markov jump systems under hybrid network attacks, in which hybrid network attacks consist of deception attack on the transmission of system state information and denial of service attack on the transmission of mode information. In order to save network communication resources, a novel adaptive event‐triggered mechanism is proposed, which can automatically adjust the event triggered threshold according to the filter error system changes. Next, a switched filtering error model is constructed by considering hybrid network attacks, adaptive event‐triggered scheme and time delays. Sufficient conditions are given to ensure that the filtering error system satisfies mean square exponential stability and strictly dissipative. Furthermore, filtering parameters and event triggered parameters are solved by linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, two examples are given to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Sulfur‐Free Bimetallic Nix‐Fey/γ‐Al2O3 Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Laurate to Biofuel
Authors: Zhou Guilin , Cheng Zhifa , Lei Qin , Ren Jianmin , Xie Hongmei , Chen Shuang , Xu Benjing , Zhang Xianming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Ni/γ‐Al2O3, Nix‐Fey/γ‐Al2O3 and Fe/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts are prepared by impregnation method, and the influence of nNi/nFe on the performances of the prepared catalysts for the methyl laurate hydrodeoxidation (HDO) was evaluated. The prepared catalysts and precursors were characterized by BET, H2‐TPR, XRD, and H2‐TPD, which confirmed the existence of NiFe alloy is advantageous to improve the catalytic activity, and the synergistic effect between Ni and Fe was elucidated. The catalytic properties of the studied Nix‐Fey/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts with low Fe content was significantly worse than that of monocomponent Ni/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, due to the migration and agglomeration of highly dispersed Ni0 species on the corresponding catalyst surface. The introduction of Fe species had significant influence on the HDO performances and product selectivity of the Ni‐based catalyst. The higher Fe content can promote the main reaction path from hydrodecarbonylation/hydrodecarboxylation to hydrodeoxygenation, which results in the high C12 alkane selectivity on the corresponding catalysts and inhibits the cracking reaction. The bimetallic Ni3‐Fe7/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst had the best methyl laurate hydrogenation performances. The conversion of methyl laurate was 93.3 % and the selectivity of alkane compounds could reach 90 % on the Ni3‐Fe7/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst at the reaction temperature of 340 °C.