bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostik der Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung (NMOSD) und der MOG-Antikörper-assoziierten Erkrankung (MOGAD)
Authors: Mewes Darius , Kuchling Joseph , Schindler Patrick , Khalil Ahmed Abdelrahim Ahmed , Jarius Sven , Paul Friedemann , Chien Claudia 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Aquaporin-4-Antikörper-positive Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung (engl. NMOSD) und die Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein-Antikörper-assoziierte Erkrankung (engl. MOGAD) sind
Autoimmunerkrankungen des zentralen Nervensystems. Typische Erstmanifestationen sind bei Erwachsenen Optikusneuritis und Myelitis. Eine Beteiligung auch von Hirn und Hirnstamm, spätestens im
weiteren Verlauf, ist häufig. Während die NMOSD nahezu immer schubförmig verläuft, nimmt die MOGAD gelegentlich einen monophasischen Verlauf. Die Differenzialdiagnostik ist anspruchsvoll und
stützt sich auf u. a. auf radiologische und serologische Befunde. Die Abgrenzung von der häufigeren neuroinflammatorischen Erkrankung, Multiple Sklerose (MS), ist von erheblicher Bedeutung,
da sich Behandlung und langfristige Prognose von NMOSD, MOGAD und MS wesentlich unterscheiden. Die vielfältigen Symptome und die umfangreiche Diagnostik machen eine enge Zusammenarbeit
zwischen Ophthalmologie, Neurologie und Radiologie erforderlich. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über typische MRT-Befunde und die serologische Antikörperdiagnostik bei NMOSD und MOGAD.
Zwei illustrative Fallberichte aus der ärztlichen Praxis ergänzen die Darstellung.
Winter denning behaviour of striped skunks and interspecific den activity at their dens: implications for pathogen transmission
Authors: Amspacher Katelyn M. , Jiménez F. Agustín , Nielsen Clayton K. 
Published: November 2022

Context Striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) occur across a wide range of habitats in North America and co-occur with many wildlife that use similar denning structures. Few studies have quantified interspecific activity at striped skunk dens despite the concomitant implications for pathogen transmission due to direct and indirect contact at shared dens. Further, no studies have examined differences in striped skunk denning behaviour across an urban–rural gradient with various forms and degrees of human modification. Aims Our study described striped skunk denning behaviour in the lower Midwestern United States and assessed interspecific activity at dens. Methods We used radiotelemetry and camera traps to observe winter denning behaviour of radiocollared striped skunks and other sympatric species across an urban–rural gradient in southern Illinois, USA, during November–February 2018–2021. We examined correlations between striped skunks and other species captured in photos at dens. We tested for an effect of human modification on the number of dens used by striped skunks, and the effects of weather and landscape variables on striped skunk denning duration. Key results Striped skunks used 3–21 unique dens during a single winter and denned consecutively in one location for 2–59 days. All individuals were observed denning for ≥8 consecutive days. Three striped skunks participated in communal denning, and ≤3 striped skunks were observed at a den concurrently. Eleven mammalian species were observed at striped skunk dens, and other species were present in 35.3% of photos. Striped skunk presence at a den was positively associated with Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) presence. Human modification had no significant effect on the number of dens used by a striped skunk. Human modification, distance to stream/shoreline, and mean daily temperature had significant negative effects on striped skunk denning duration. Conclusions We demonstrated that winter denning behaviour of striped skunks in southern Illinois, USA, fits into a latitudinal gradient of behaviour across North America, and dens are a shared resource where direct and indirect intraspecific and interspecific interactions occur. Implications Weather and landscape features influenced winter denning behaviour of striped skunks and ultimately pathogen transmission potential at dens, trends that could potentially be seen in other urban-adapted species.
Regulation of the DEAH/RHA helicase Prp43 by the G-patch factor Pfa1
Authors: Enders Marieke , Ficner Ralf , Adio Sarah 
Published: November 2022

The DEAH/RHA helicase Prp43 remodels protein–RNA complexes during pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing and ribosome biogenesis. The helicase activity and ATP turnover are intrinsically low and become activated by G-patch (gp) factors in the specific cellular context. The gp motif connects the helicase core to the flexible C-terminal domains, but it is unclear how this affects RecA domain movement during catalysis and the unwinding of RNA substrates. We developed single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) reporters to study RecA domain movements within Prp43 in real time. Without Pfa1(gp), the domains approach each other adopting predominantly a closed conformation. The addition of Pfa1(gp) induces an open state, which becomes even more prevalent during interaction with RNA. In the open state, Prp43 has reduced contacts with bound nucleotide and shows rapid adenosine diphosphate (ADP) release accelerating the transition from the weak (ADP) to the strong (apo) RNA binding state. Using smFRET labels on the RNA to probe substrate binding and unwinding, we demonstrate that Pfa1(gp) enables Prp43(ADP) to switch between RNA-bound and RNA-unbound states instead of dissociating from the RNA. ATP binding to the apo-enzyme induces the translocation along the RNA, generating the unwinding force required to melt proximal RNA structures. During ATP turnover, Pfa1(gp) stimulates alternating of the RecA domains between open and closed states. Consequently, the translocation becomes faster than dissociation from the substrate in the ADP state, allowing processive movement along the RNA. We provide a mechanistic model of DEAH/RHA helicase motility and reveal the principles of Prp43 regulation by G-patch proteins.
Convergence analysis of inexact Newton–Landweber iteration under Hölder stability
Authors: Xia Yuxin , Han Bo , Fu Zhenwu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on a class of inverse problems with Lipschitz continuous Fréchet derivatives both in Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. The convergence and convergence rate of the inexact Newton–Landweber method (INLM) for such problems are presented under some assumptions. For the inverse problems in Hilbert spaces, we revisit the convergence result and the convergence rate of the INLM under Lipschitz condition and Hölder stability. Furthermore, the INLM for nonlinear inverse problems in Banach spaces is also considered. By using a Hölder stability corresponding to the Bregman distance, we derive the convergence property and convergence rate of the method.
Controlling quantum effects in enhanced strong-field ionisation with machine-learning techniques
Authors: Chomet H , Plesnik S , Nicolae D C , Dunham J , Gover L , Weaving T , Figueira de Morisson Faria C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study non-classical pathways and quantum interference in enhanced ionisation of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields using machine learning techniques. Quantum interference provides a ‘bridge’, which facilitates intramolecular population transfer. Its frequency is higher than that of the field, intrinsic to the system and depends on several factors, for instance the state of the initial wavepacket or the internuclear separation. Using dimensionality reduction techniques, namely t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding and principal component analysis, we investigate the effect of multiple parameters at once and find optimal conditions for enhanced ionisation in static fields, and controlled ionisation release for two-colour driving fields. This controlled ionisation manifests itself as a step-like behaviour in the time-dependent autocorrelation function. We explain the features encountered with phase-space arguments, and also establish a hierarchy of parameters for controlling ionisation via phase-space Wigner quasiprobability flows, such as specific coherent superpositions of states, electron localisation and internuclear-distance ranges.
The flashover of epoxy initiated by micron metal particles under DC voltage: phenomenon and mechanism
Authors: Qi Bo , Yang Zhuodong , Yang Xiao , Huang Meng , Gao Chunjia , Zhang Yi , Luo Yuan , Lu Licheng , Li Chengrong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Epoxy post-insulator is one of the key parts in SF6 gas-insulated DC wall bushing, which is irreplaceable in high voltage direct current transmission projects. Flashovers occur on post-insulators frequently, where a great number of tiny metal particles exist. The micron metal particles attached to the epoxy will change the insulation state of the surface. However, this relation between microstructure of material and macroscopic electrical properties on flashover would still arouse controversy. In order to study the effect of particles on the flashover characteristics, the particles generated from wear of spring in DC wall bushing were selected, the surface potential decay along surface and the DC flashover voltage of epoxy attached with particles were measured. The results show that the discrete particles could increase surface trap level by 0.025 eV under the effect of Van der Waals force. Furthermore, the deeper traps could capture the charge during the streamer development and inhibit the flashover, when the particle amount less than 500 per mm2. If the particles are more enough to form the continuous paths, these conductive paths could promote the streamer to propagate, which shortens the insulation distance, increases the electric field, and decreases the flashover voltage by 50% finally.
Design and application of ultra-thin focus transmitarray
Authors: Li Yinuo , Chen Juan , Shi Hongyu , Li Jianxing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An ultra-thin transmitarray (TA) working at 10 GHz with bandwidth of 1.15 GHz is proposed. The TA is designed by arranging two types of phase-shifting cells, with a thickness of only 2.8 mm (0.09 λ
0). The proposed focus TA has an obvious convergence effect for plane wave. It enhances the electric field intensity by 11.85 dB at the focus and can also transform the incident spherical wave into the plane wave. When a substrate cylinder antenna is loaded with the proposed TA, it reaches a peak gain of 17.8 dBi (increased by 8.8 dB) and its half-power beamwidth is reduced from 84° to 11°. The TA is fabricated and measured. The measured results are highly consistent with the simulated results, which validates the good performance of the TA.
Horizons: nuclear astrophysics in the 2020s and beyond
Authors: Schatz H , Becerril Reyes A D , Best A , Brown E F , Chatziioannou K , Chipps K A , Deibel C M , Ezzeddine R , Galloway D K , Hansen C J , Herwig F , Ji A P , Lugaro M , Meisel Z , Norman D , Read J S , Roberts L F , Spyrou A , Tews I , Timmes F X , Travaglio C , Vassh N , Abia C , Adsley P , Agarwal S , Aliotta M , Aoki W , Arcones A , Aryan A , Bandyopadhyay A , Banu A , Bardayan D W , Barnes J , Bauswein A , Beers T C , Bishop J , Boztepe T , Côté B , Caplan M E , Champagne A E , Clark J A , Couder M , Couture A , de Mink S E , Debnath S , deBoer R J , den Hartogh J , Denissenkov P , Dexheimer V , Dillmann I , Escher J E , Famiano M A , Farmer R , Fisher R , Fröhlich C , Frebel A , Fryer C , Fuller G , Ganguly A K , Ghosh S , Gibson B K , Gorda T , Gourgouliatos K N , Graber V , Gupta M , Haxton W C , Heger A , Hix W R , Ho W C G , Holmbeck E M , Hood A A , Huth S , Imbriani G , Izzard R G , Jain R , Jayatissa H , Johnston Z , Kajino T , Kankainen A , Kiss G G , Kwiatkowski A , La Cognata M , Laird A M , Lamia L , Landry P , Laplace E , Launey K D , Leahy D , Leckenby G , Lennarz A , Longfellow B , Lovell A E , Lynch W G , Lyons S M , Maeda K , Masha E , Matei C , Merc J , Messer B , Montes F , Mukherjee A , Mumpower M R , Neto D , Nevins B , Newton W G , Nguyen L Q , Nishikawa K , Nishimura N , Nunes F M , O’Connor E , O’Shea B W , Ong W-J , Pain S D , Pajkos M A , Pignatari M , Pizzone R G , Placco V M , Plewa T , Pritychenko B , Psaltis A , Puentes D , Qian Y-Z , Radice D , Rapagnani D , Rebeiro B M , Reifarth R , Richard A L , Rijal N , Roederer I U , Rojo J S , J S K  , Saito Y , Schwenk A , Sergi M L , Sidhu R S , Simon A , Sivarani T , Skúladóttir Á , Smith M S , Spiridon A , Sprouse T M , Starrfield S , Steiner A W , Strieder F , Sultana I , Surman R , Szücs T , Tawfik A , Thielemann F , Trache L , Trappitsch R , Tsang M B , Tumino A , Upadhyayula S , Valle Martínez J O , Van der Swaelmen M , Viscasillas Vázquez C , Watts A , Wehmeyer B , Wiescher M , Wrede C , Yoon J , Zegers R G T , Zermane M A , Zingale M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nuclear astrophysics is a field at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics, which seeks to understand the nuclear engines of astronomical objects and the origin of the chemical elements. This white paper summarizes progress and status of the field, the new open questions that have emerged, and the tremendous scientific opportunities that have opened up with major advances in capabilities across an ever growing number of disciplines and subfields that need to be integrated. We take a holistic view of the field discussing the unique challenges and opportunities in nuclear astrophysics in regards to science, diversity, education, and the interdisciplinarity and breadth of the field. Clearly nuclear astrophysics is a dynamic field with a bright future that is entering a new era of discovery opportunities.
Dynamic collaboration in a crisis: creating a low-cost ventilator and test facility
Authors: Morris Jean , Schofield Joshua , Bull Chris , Knott Andy , Farrow-Dunn Frederick , Proctor Paul , Shore Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic a major concern was the shortage of ventilators. Engineering initiatives were started to mitigate this concern. This article details the response at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) to this potential shortage. The technologies and product development behind NPL’s PocketVent ventilator, by a team working remotely amidst a crisis, are explored. Underpinning the product was the creation of a traceable test facility, that allowed the initial three prototype devices to be narrowed to one. PocketVent was created within five months and offers pressure and volume controlled ventilation, with a clear road-map to implement constant-pressure mode, alongside a comprehensive documentation pack. The team were recipients of the Royal Academy of Engineering’s President’s Special Award for Pandemic Service.
Fourier analysis of periodic signals using an Arduino-based low-cost portable setup
Authors: Saxena Aparna , Saxena Anjali , Bharti Rupin , Nayak Harish , Kapoor Akanksha , Amayur Shabeeb , Saxena Raghvendra Sahai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of Arduino for studies in engineering applications and automation is quite common. The present paper reports the use of Arduino UNO R3 board for the Fourier analysis of various periodic waveforms. This is a very useful and cost effective idea for explaining and understanding Fourier series analysis. A real time Fourier component analysis of some standard input signals, such as square waves, sine waves, triangular waves and periodic pulses have been carried out in terms of the fundamental frequency and its harmonics. These results have been found to be the same as expected from the standard theoretical analysis. This method can be utilized effectively to teach the frequency components of a periodic waveform and demonstrate the utility of Fourier analysis to the students in the online mode of education, especially in remote places and villages.
Home experiments teaching for international students during pandemic
Authors: Luo Duan-bin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces the home teaching of physics experiment course for international students in East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) in the spring semester of 2022. After discussing the criteria for selecting the home experiments assigned to the students the chosen experiments are presented. Then we described the ways of home experiment teaching and investigated the students’ experimental performance and attitude through the questionnaire survey. The findings and the conclusions were drawn both form the reports submitted by students and from a questionnaire that students answered online after the completion of all experiments. We believe that home experimental teaching is a good educational proposal for the distance teaching challenge of physical experiment courses. At the same time, the home experiments also can enrich the contents of physical experiments demonstration in the classroom or laboratory.
Ultra-high field MRI: parallel-transmit arrays and RF pulse design
Authors: Williams Sydney N , McElhinney Paul , Gunamony Shajan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper reviews the field of multiple or parallel radiofrequency (RF) transmission for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Currently the use of ultra-high field (UHF) MRI at 7 tesla and above is gaining popularity, yet faces challenges with non-uniformity of the RF field and higher RF power deposition. Since its introduction in the early 2000s, parallel transmission (pTx) has been recognized as a powerful tool for accelerating spatially selective RF pulses and combating the challenges associated with RF inhomogeneity at UHF. We provide a survey of the types of dedicated RF coils used commonly for pTx and the important modeling of the coil behavior by electromagnetic (EM) field simulations. We also discuss the additional safety considerations involved with pTx such as the specific absorption rate (SAR) and how to manage them. We then describe the application of pTx with RF pulse design, including a practical guide to popular methods. Finally, we conclude with a description of the current and future prospects for pTx, particularly its potential for routine clinical use.
High frequency ultrasound vibrational shear wave elastography for preclinical research
Authors: Civale J , Parasaram V , Bamber JC , Harris EJ 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Preclinical evaluation of novel therapies using models of cancer is an important tool in cancer research, where imaging can provide non-invasive tools to characterise the internal structure and function of tumours. The short propagation paths when imaging tumours and organs in small animals allow the use of high frequencies for both ultrasound and shear waves, providing the opportunity for high-resolution shear wave elastography and hence its use for studying the heterogeneity of tissue elasticity, where heterogeneity may be a predictor of tissue response. Here we demonstrate vibrational shear wave elastography (VSWE) using a mechanical actuator to produce high frequency (up to 1000 Hz) shear waves in preclinical tumours, an alternative to the majority of preclinical ultrasound SWE studies where an acoustic radiation force impulse is required to create a relatively low-frequency broad-band shear-wave pulse. We implement VSWE with a high frequency (17.8 MHz) probe running a focused line-by-line ultrasound imaging sequence which as expected was found to offer improved detection of 1000 Hz shear waves over an ultrafast planar wave imaging sequence in a homogenous tissue-mimicking phantom. We test the VSWE in an ex vivo tumour xenograft, demonstrating the ability to detect shear waves up to 10 mm from the contactor position at 1000 Hz. By reducing the kernel size used for shear wave speed estimation to 1 mm we are able to produce shear wave speed images with spatial resolution of this order. Finally, we present VSWE data from xenograft tumours in vivo, demonstrating the feasibility of the technique in mice under isoflurane sedation. Mean shear wave speeds in the tumours are in good agreements with those reported by previous authors. Characterising the frequency dependence of shear wave speed demonstrates the potential to quantify the viscoelastic properties of tumours in vivo.
Critical current degradation behavior of 7-filamentary Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2 tapes under uniaxial strain
Authors: Liu Xiao , Shi Yi , Liu Fang , Ma Hongjun , Liu Huajun , Zhou Chao , Song Yuntao , Gao Jian , Zhu Yanchang , Zhang Xianping , Wang Dongliang , Ma Yanwei , Zhang Zhan , Wei Shaoqing , Qin Jinggang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
122-type iron-based superconductors (IBS) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent performance. The 100 m class Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2 (Ba-122) 7-filamentary IBS tapes were successfully fabricated by the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this study, we have performed tests of the 7-filamentary Ba-122 short tape samples (Bas samples) and the 100 m class 7-filamentary Ba-122 tape samples (Ba100 samples) under various kinds of strain using U-shaped bending spring devices. Both types of samples were still reversible even when the applied compressive strain reached −0.65%. In addition, the reversible tensile strain limit of the Bas and Ba100 samples were 0.25% and 0.28%, which increased to 0.38% and 0.41% after considering the effect of the cooling process.
A scheme for multipartite entanglement distribution via separable carriers
Authors: Laneve Alessandro , McAleese Hannah , Paternostro Mauro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ability to reliably distribute entanglement among the nodes of a network is an essential requirement for the development of effective quantum communication protocols and the realization of useful quantum networks. It has been demonstrated, in different contexts, that two remote systems can be entangled via local interactions with a carrier system that always remains in a separable state with respect to such distant particles. We develop a strategy for entanglement distribution via separable carriers that can be applied to any number of network nodes to achieve various entanglement distribution patterns. We show that our protocol results in multipartite entanglement, while the carrier mediating the process is always in a separable state with respect to the network. We provide examples showcasing the flexibility of our approach and propose a scheme of principle for the experimental demonstration of the protocol.
Inflation with massive spin-2 ghosts
Authors: Kubo Jisuke , Kuntz Jeffrey , Rezacek Jonas , Saake Philipp 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider a generic model of quadratic gravity coupled to a single scalar and investigate the effects of gravitational degrees of freedom on inflationary parameters. We find that quantum corrections arising from the massive spin-2 ghost generate significant contributions to the effective inflationary potential and allow for a realization of the spontaneous breakdown of global scale invariance without the need for additional scalar fields. We compute inflationary parameters, compare the resulting predictions to well-known inflationary models, and find that they fit well within the Planck and BICEP/Keck collaboration's constraints on inflation.
The well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for self-interacting vector fields
Authors: Barausse Enrico , Bezares Miguel , Crisostomi Marco , Lara Guillermo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We point out that the initial-value (Cauchy) problem for self-interacting vector fields
presents the same well-posedness issues as for first-order derivative self-interacting scalar
fields (often referred to as k-essence). For the latter, suitable strategies have been employed
in the last few years to successfully evolve the Cauchy problem at the level of the infrared
theory, without the need for an explicit ultraviolet completion. We argue that the very same
techniques can also be applied to self-interacting vector fields, avoiding a number of issues and
“pathologies” recently found in the literature.