bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying a CT texture analysis model trained with deep‐learning reconstruction images to iterative reconstruction images in pulmonary nodule diagnosis
Authors: Wang Qingle , Xu Shijie , Zhang Guozhi , Zhang Xingwei , Gu Junying , Yang Shuyi , Zeng Mengsu , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and accuracy of applying a computed tomography (CT) texture analysis model trained with deep‐learning reconstruction images to iterative reconstruction images for classifying pulmonary nodules.Materials and methodsCT images of 102 patients, with a total of 118 pulmonary nodules (52 benign, 66 malignant) were retrospectively reconstructed with a deep‐learning reconstruction (artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction [AIIR]) and a hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) technique. The AIIR data were divided into a training (n = 96) and a validation set (n = 22), and the HIR data were set as the test set (n = 118). Extracted texture features were compared using the Mann‐Whitney U test and t‐test. The diagnostic performance of the classification model was analyzed with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the area under ROC (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.ResultsAmong the obtained 68 texture features, 51 (75.0%) were not influenced by the change of reconstruction algorithm (p > 0.05). Forty‐four features were significantly different between benign and malignant nodules (p < 0.05) for the AIIR dataset, which were selected to build the classification model. The accuracy and AUC of the classification model were 92.3% and 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74−0.90) with the validation set, which were 80.0% and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68−0.86) with the test set.ConclusionWith the CT texture analysis model trained with deep‐learning reconstruction (AIIR) images showing favorable diagnostic accuracy in discriminating benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, it also has certain applicability to the iterative reconstruction (HIR) images.
Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process‐based risk priority number for risk assessments of commissioning process of a ring gantry LINAC
Authors: Chang Jina , Jang Siyoung , Lalonde Ron , Huq Saiful M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeWe propose a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP)‐based risk priority number (RPN) method in failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to overcome the shortcomings of traditional RPN‐based FMEA. Our research group has previously published the FMEA to mitigate the failure modes (FMs) for the commissioning process of a ring gantry LINAC. However, inter‐relationships among FMs were observed in high ranked FMs due to a heavy reliance on imaging system.MethodsFuzzy AHP was applied to determine relative weights of risk impacts based on inter‐relationships among FMs. Since the time sequence dependency is a major factor for risk factors, a hierarchical structure of AHP was used to reflect the directional impacts such as causal influence and feedback loop. Two fuzzy weighted RPNs, called (RPNW and FRPNW, were calculated depending on the input values of severity (S), occurrence (O), and probability of not being detected (D) from the evaluators. The RPNW used numerical values, whereas the fuzzy values were used for FRPNW. Both RPNs were calculated by multiplying the weighted O, S, and D using the fuzzy AHP method.ResultsThe differences between the two fuzzy RPN rankings are due to inherent fuzzy uncertainty and deviations in O, S, and D values submitted by the evaluators. Considering all results of traditional and fuzzy‐based FMEA, the two most highly ranked FMs were identified: errors in determining the non‐isocentric SSD and SSD from MV images because of the unique features of the ring gantry LINAC.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the feasibility of the use of a fuzzy AHP‐based RPN to perform comprehensive analysis and prioritization of FMs. The risk analysis using fuzzy AHP can be improved and/or refined based on the department's specific workflow and clinical preferences taking various priority weighting approaches into account.
Tunable PEG Hydrogels for Discerning Differential Tumor Cell Response to Biomechanical Cues
Authors: Katz Rachel R. , West Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreased extracellular matrix (ECM) density in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to influence aspects of tumor progression such as proliferation and invasion. Increased matrix density means cells experience not only increased mechanical properties, but also a higher density of bioactive sites. Traditional in vitro ECM models like Matrigel and collagen do not allow these properties to be investigated independently. In this work, a poly(ethylene glycol)‐based scaffold is used which modifies with integrin‐binding sites for cell attachment and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 sensitive sites for enzyme‐mediated degradation. The polymer backbone density and binding site concentration are independently tuned and the effect each of these properties and their interaction have on the proliferation, invasion, and focal complex formation of two different tumor cell lines is evaluated. It is seen that the cell line of epithelial origin (Hs 578T, triple negative breast cancer) proliferates more, invades less, and forms more mature focal complexes in response to an increase in matrix adhesion sites. Conversely, the cell line of mesenchymal origin (HT1080, fibrosarcoma) proliferates more in 2D culture but less in 3D culture, invades less, and forms more mature focal complexes in response to an increase in matrix stiffness.
In Vivo Cellular Magnetic Imaging: Labeled versus Unlabeled Cells
Authors: Bulte Jeff W. M. , Wang Chao , Shakeri‐Zadeh Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐labeling of cells has been applied for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cell tracking for over 30 years, having resulted in a dozen or so clinical trials. SPIO nanoparticles are biodegradable and can be broken down into elemental iron, and hence the tolerance of cells to magnetic labeling has been overall high. Over the years, however, single reports have accumulated demonstrating that the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and differentiation of magnetically labeled cells may differ from unlabeled cells, with inhibition of chondrocytic differentiation of labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a notable example. This historical perspective provides an overview of some of the drawbacks that can be encountered with magnetic labeling. Now that magnetic particle imaging (MPI) cell tracking is emerging as a new in vivo cellular imaging modality, there has been a renaissance in the formulation of SPIO nanoparticles this time optimized for MPI. Lessons learned from the occasional past pitfalls encountered with SPIO‐labeling of cells for MRI may expedite the possible future clinical translation of (combined) MRI/MPI cell tracking.
Shining a Light on Cancer—Photonics in Microfluidic Tumor Modeling and Biosensing
Authors: Guimarães Carlos F. , Cruz‐Moreira Daniela , Caballero David , Pirraco Rogério P. , Gasperini Luca , Kundu Subhas C. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrofluidic platforms represent a powerful approach to miniaturizing important characteristics of cancers, improving in vitro testing by increasing physiological relevance. Different tools can manipulate cells and materials at the microscale, but few offer the efficiency and versatility of light and optical technologies. Moreover, light‐driven technologies englobe a broad toolbox for quantifying critical biological phenomena. Herein, the role of photonics in microfluidic 3D cancer modeling and biosensing from three major perspectives is reviewed. First, optical‐driven technologies are looked upon, as these allow biomaterials and living cells to be manipulated with microsized precision and present opportunities to advance 3D microfluidic models by engineering cancer microenvironments' hallmarks, such as their architecture, cellular complexity, and vascularization. Second, the growing field of optofluidics is discussed, exploring how optical tools can directly interface microfluidic chips, enabling the extraction of relevant biological data, from single fluorescent signals to the complete 3D imaging of diseased cells within microchannels. Third, advances in optical cancer biosensing are reviewed, focusing on how light–matter interactions can detect biomarkers, rare circulating tumor cells, and cell‐derived structures such as exosomes. Photonic technologies' current challenges and caveats in microfluidic 3D cancer models are overviewed, outlining future research avenues that may catapult the field.
In Situ Silver‐Based Electrochemical Oncolytic Bioreactor
Authors: Huang Yong , Zhong Liping , Li Xiaotong , Wu Pan , He Jian , Tang Chao , Tang Zhiping , Su Jing , Feng Zhenbo , Wang Bing , Ma Yun , Peng Hongmei , Bai Zhihao , Zhong Yi , Liang Ying , Lu Wenxi , Luo Ruiyu , Li Jinghua , Li Haiping , Deng Zhiming , Lan Xianli , Liu Ziqun , Zhang Kun , Zhao Yongxiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, it is shown for the first time that a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) carrier has a 20‐fold higher catalysis rate than graphene oxide in Ag+ reduction. Based on this, a tumor microenvironment‐enabled in situ silver‐based electrochemical oncolytic bioreactor (SEOB) which switched Ag+ prodrugs into in situ therapeutic silver nanoparticles with and above 95% transition rate is constructed to inhibit the growths of various tumors. In this SEOB‐enabled intratumoral nanosynthetic medicine, intratumoral H2O2 and rGO act as the reductant and the catalyst, respectively. Chelation of aptamers to the SEOB‐unlocked prodrugs increases the production of silver nanoparticles in tumor cells, especially in the presence of Vitamin C, which is broken down in tumor cells to supply massive amounts of H2O2. Consequently, apoptosis and pyroptosis are induced to cooperatively contribute to the considerably‐elevated anti‐tumor effects on subcutaneous HepG2 and A549 tumors and orthotopic implanted HepG2 tumors in livers of nude mice. The specific aptamer targeting and intratumoral silver nanoparticle production guarantee excellent biosafety since it fails to elicit tissue damages in monkeys, which greatly increases the clinical translation potential of the SEOB system.
Controllable Access to Furans and Dihydrofurans through Cyclization/Coupling of Internal Acetylenic β‐Ketoesters with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Bisek Bartosz , Chaładaj Wojciech 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPd‐catalyzed tandem cyclization/coupling of internal β‐propargylic‐β‐ketoesters with (hetero)aryl bromides is described. Two protocols are established which selectively lead to 2‐benzylidene‐dihydrofurans, when isomerization is inhibited under mild conditions (temp. ≤40 °C and weak base – K2CO3), or to 2‐benzyl‐furans when base‐induced aromatization is enabled. A catalytic cycle involving oxidative addition, substitution of bromide with alkyne, rate limiting anti‐selective 5‐exo‐dig oxocyclization followed by fast deprotonation of the oxonium intermediate, and reductive elimination is proposed based on detailed experimental and theoretical studies.magnified image
Synthesis of Diarylaminoacridinium Photocatalysts by Halogen‐Metal Exchange Combined with Directed ortho Metalations
Authors: Jakobi Markus , Zilate Bouthayna , Sparr Christof 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotostability is an essential design aspect for the overall performance of photocatalysts, particularly as groups introduced to adjust redox properties often constitute sites of potential reactivity. Herein, we describe a modular and flexible synthetic approach to incorporate diarylamino moieties with increased photostability that allow to efficiently tune the redox behavior of a new generation of organic acridinium photocatalysts. A series of cross‐coupling reactions gave access to precursors for halogen metal exchange reactions combined with directed ortho‐metalations to provide reagents that allow the formation of acridinium salts with adjustable redox properties and enhanced photostability in good yields.magnified image
Heterogeneous Reinforcements to Mitigate Li Penetration through Solid Electrolytes in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Yuan Chunhao , Sheldon Brian W. , Xu Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDendrite growth is one of the leading factors that cause cycling deterioration for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). However, using a single dominant material to form the solid electrolyte has encountered several setbacks due to the intrinsically competing factors in mechanics and electrochemistry. Inspired by the “brick‐and‐mortar” structure, a strategy of embedding heterogeneous blocks (HBs) within the solid electrolyte (SE) is proposed to mitigate and suppress dendrite growth‐induced internal short circuits (ISCs). A phase‐field‐based multiphysics model is established to describe the dendrite growth behavior. Results reveal that the characteristic length ratio e between the HBs and SE is the governing factor that dominates the dendrite growth path. The results show that a single long HB and multiple HBs in medium length with specific layouts can suppress and divert dendrite growth and avoid ISCs completely. For short HB cases, HBs can delay the ISC to a certain extent. The results imply that adding an appropriately designed heterogeneous layer into the SE will effectively block dendrites, and also define desired mechanical property domains. This work provides a multiphysics mechanistic understanding of the dendrite growth and SE cracking and opens new perspectives for the material selection and structural design of SEs for long lifecycle ASSBs.
Survey‐rated personality traits and experimentally measured coping style and stress reactivity, in wild baboons
Authors: Pritchard Alexander J. , Palombit Ryne A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coping style and stress reactivity framework for individual differences in the stress response has been of increasing utility within primatological research. Such differences are often quantified using an experimental approach, but many primatological studies have historically been reliant on a personality‐like framework. The personality‐like research is derived from human personality literature using survey ratings, while approaches focused on coping styles are often used to interpret differences in small rodents and birds. Experimental approaches benefit from a constrained situation that facilitates control, but sacrifice utility via the generalizability afforded via ratings. Resolving how these two theoretical and methodological approaches intersect is paramount to establishing a biological synthesis between two robust fields of research on individual differences. We applied these frameworks to adult wild olive baboons (Papio anubis) at a field site in Laikipia, Kenya. We quantified coping style and stress reactivity using individually targeted field experiments. We quantified personality trait differences using observer ratings of the monkeys. We isolated three personality trait factors: Neuroticism, Assertiveness, and Friendliness. Personality trait differences showed little association with coping style, but Neuroticism was predicted by stress reactivity.
Missing data in bioarchaeology I: A review of the literature
Authors: Wissler Amanda , Blevins Kelly E. , Buikstra Jane E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesMissing data are a frequent and unavoidable challenge in bioarchaeological research, yet researchers seldom make explicit statements about the bias and inferential limitations that missing data introduce into their studies. There are no guidelines for best practices for the treatment or reporting of missing data. As an initial step in taking stock and exploring approaches to missing data in bioarchaeology, this study reviews bioarchaeological publications to identify methods currently in use for addressing this significant problem.Materials and MethodsOver 950 bioarchaeology articles (2011–2020) from four major anthropology journals were surveyed, searching for the terms “missing,” “absent,” “unobserv,” “replace,” and “imputat.” The 267 articles so identified were categorized into one of nine bioarchaeological subtopics and scored according to a set of six broad approaches for handling missing data.ResultsResults indicate that bioarchaeologists handle missing data in a variety of ways. Methods such as antimere substitution, listwise deletion and pairwise deletion are widely used. Subject subtopics favor different techniques for handling missing values. Bioarchaeological articles categorized as archaeology, pathology, and trauma used basic missing data approaches, while those such as biodistance and morphology more often employed advanced statistics. Despite the ubiquity of missing data, considerations of how they introduce bias were uncommon and standards for reporting were inconsistent.ConclusionsThese findings highlight areas in which bioarchaeologists can improve techniques for handling and reporting missing data. Greater attention to these shortcomings will increase the statistical rigor of the field.
Isothermal Rolling Circle Amplification and Lanthanide‐Based FRET for Femtomolar Quantification of MicroRNA
Authors: Dekaliuk Mariia , Busson Pierre , Hildebrandt Niko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Niko Hildebrandt at Université de Rouen Normandie, France, and Dr. Pierre Busson at Gustave Roussy, France. The cover picture shows a Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) product formed from a single microRNA and its detection via lanthanide (Tb and Eu) based multicolor FRET. More information can be found in the Research Article by N. Hildebrandt and co‐workers.
Trace determination of Cu(II) in milk samples after preconcentration on Fe3O4@graphene oxide composite based imprinted polymer
Authors: Islam Aminul , Javed Hina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new tailor‐fitted graphene oxide‐vinyl pyridine ion‐imprinted polymer (mGOVP/IIP), was synthesized using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross‐linking agent and 2,2′‐azo‐bis‐isobutyronitrile as an initiator to develop dispersive magnetic‐solid‐phase extraction method for the preconcentration of Cu(II) prior to the determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The material was characterized and optimized for various parameters by batch mode, which includes the effect of initial concentration, contact time, temperature, and eluents. Herein, IIP demonstrated a high sorption capacity (63.54 mg g−1) at pH 5.6, with fast kinetics (15 min). The heterogeneity and chemisorption, mechanistic interpretation was explained by the Freundlich isotherm, pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, respectively. Moreover, the higher selectivity coefficients for Cu(II) in the binary mixturess of concomitant ions signified preferential affinity over similar structural analogues. Additionally, it can be regenerated up to 7 runs and effectively eluted by 1 M HNO3. This developed method exhibited higher accuracy, precision (relative standard deviation <5%), and preconcentration factor (60). The IIP also described potential applications for Cu(II) determination in milk and its by‐products. Overall, the material exhibits ease of access and removal of template ion from the binding sites, cost‐effectiveness, fast mass transfer, promoted competitiveness, reproducibility, reliability, and good regeneration efficiency.
Optimizing cure temperature of polyimide flyer for exploding foil initiator applications
Authors: Sun Laixi , Zhan Zhiqiang , Wu Zhiqing , Zou Ruijiao , Zhu Ye , Yi Tao , Luo Jiangshan , Niu Gao , Lei Fan , Wang Jin , Yang Bo , Fu Qiubo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolyimide (PI) is an ideal flyer material commonly used for exploding foil initiator (EFI) systems. The material properties of PI influence the flight ability of the flyer. Curing temperature during the preparation process of PI is one of the key factors influencing the material properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of the PI film curing temperature on the material properties and the flight ability by characterizing IR transmittance, XPS, and nano‐hardness. The results show that the flight ability of the flyer is highly dependent on the curing temperature. Curing at 250°C is beneficial for the flyer to have an optimal flight velocity, which was attributed to the good chemical and mechanical behavior of the material. Increase in curing temperature would weaken the material properties to some extent. High‐temperature cure (e.g., 400°C), would break the molecular chain and carbonize the material, causing significant drop in flight velocity of the flyer. The study is expected to contribute to the development of high‐performance flyer for EFI applications.
Why does currency denomination in external liabilities of small island developing states matter? Evidence from Fiji
Authors: Jain Devendra Kumar , Singh Rup , Kumar Henali , Kumar Nikeel , Patel Arvind 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe valuation effects on international investment position induced by the exchange rate volatility are not uniform or easily manageable in small and vulnerable economies when compared with larger developing or developed countries. To investigate the underlying dynamics, we developed a foreign currency exposure index over the period 2006–2019. The positive reading of the index suggests that though Fiji has a high net negative international investment position (90% of its GDP), it does not pose any serious risk. To ascertain determinants of Fijiʼs exposure index, we applied fully modified ordinary least square and autoregressive distributed lag bounds test. We have compared both estimates for consistency. Our findings suggest that the underlying determinants of Fijiʼs currency exposure are foreign debt, trade openness and exchange rate. This article bridges the gap in the literature on currency exposure risks in small island developing states and is the first study of its kind for the Pacific region.
Protocol to control the invasive alga Avrainvillea lacerata in a shallow Hawaiian reef flat
Authors: Van De Verg Scott E. , Smith Celia M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPremiseA novel control technique was developed to mitigate an invasive siphonous green alga, Avrainvillea lacerata (Dichotomosiphonaceae), within a shallow degraded reef flat in Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi.Methods and ResultsReplicated treatments of 3% and 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were administered into individual basal attachments of the bed‐forming invasive seaweed on the Paikō reef, Oʻahu. Relative electron transport rate maxima (rETRm) were measured using a Walz Diving Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer in two replicate 100‐m2 plots in 2020. Over the period of this short‐term study, rETRm decreased following injections of either concentration of H2O2 in contrast with negative and positive controls.ConclusionsCompared with existing techniques that have used oxidizing agents in the marine environment in localized areas, the protocol described here has the potential to successfully decrease macroalgal carbon gain, potentially leading to loss of biomass at larger scales.