bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on lightweight optimization of battery pack box structure for electric vehicle
Authors: Jing Min , Chang Huirong , Lv Jiangyi , Li Gang , Zhu Qingsong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A lightweight optimization design process for the battery pack box body of the electric vehicle is proposed based on the lightweight and performance indicators of the battery pack box body. The compression, mode, and strength working conditions of the original design battery pack are analyzed using HyperWorks software. According to the lightweight optimization design process of the battery pack box body, topology optimization and morphology optimization methods are used to improve the performance and lightweight optimization of the typical extruded aluminum profiles and plates of the original design battery pack box body. After optimization, a weight reduction of 2.76 kg is achieved. At the same time, the strength, mode, stiffness and other performance of the battery pack box body meet the requirements of the indicators. The lightweight solution for the battery cover has been put into mass production application.
Fine-grained TWIP steel prepared by powder metallurgy
Authors: Huang Liangliang , Liu Xu , Wang Dan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Five fine-grained TWIP steels are produced by powder metallurgy. With increasing milling time of the mixed powder, the grain size of the sintered bulk samples decreases from 11.9 μm to 2.9 μm. The grain size refinement can be primarily attributed to a reduction in particle size, a higher degree of alloying and dislocation accumulation in the blend powder. All bulk samples consist of equiaxed grains with many annealing twins, a few stacking faults and nanoscale dispersed particles. With decreasing grain size, the compressive yield strength of the bulk sample increases to 411 MPa, while the yield stress increases significantly but the plasticity gradually declines. As with conventionally cast TWIP steels, the mechanical properties show a typical grain size dependence.
Multi-objective robust design of the front structure of white body
Authors: Liu Zhuchun , Liu Zhen , Feng Haisheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The software platform developed was applied to the multi-objective robust design of the pure electric vehicle body structure, which was obtained through topology optimization under multiple working conditions. Based on the response observation values obtained from the simulation analysis, a multi-objective robust design is carried out to obtain the optimal combination of optimized structural dimensions, completing the multi-objective robust design of the body structure. Through the application of the developed multi-objective robust parametric optimization software, the safety of the body structure and the efficiency of structural optimization are effectively improved.
Study on fracture/deformation failure behavior of a TC4 titanium alloy coupling bolt
Authors: Sui Jiuling , Yang Yun , Wang Hongli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A pressure vessel used 24 TC4 titanium alloy M16×70 bolts to connect the combustion chamber and the rear head. While, the bolts fractured/deformed during the pressure test. The mechanism was confirmed through several methods including calculation, simulation, and test. Then, the problem was completely solved by conducting comprehensive optimization measures including replacing the bolt’s material, increasing the bolt’s quantities and specifications, and improving the connection structure.
Research on effect of pre-stress on cutting force of metal bar surface notching in low-stress cropping
Authors: Xu Jiayi , Zhang Lijun , Zhao Qing , Sun Dejingwei , Wang Chen , Yang Jianming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Under the low-stress cropping working condition, a pre-stress notching technology is proposed. According to the force and deformation features of the bar, a cutting force model of notching is established to divide the cutting area into three parts and analyze the mechanism of splitting and friction respectively. The pre-stress notching experiment platform is built to conduct the comparison test between the cutting force of notching under the pre-stressed state and the free state. The experimental results show that the reasonable pre-stress state reduces the shear part and the friction part by 25.4% and 47.8% respectively, which can effectively improve the cropping efficiency and prolong the durability of the cutting tool.
Strength test analysis of intercity locomotive frame
Authors: Li Yuhan , Zheng Tianrui , Xu Ling 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The intercity locomotive bogie is a crucial transportation infrastructure component, with the frame serving as a vital load-bearing element. Its mechanical properties significantly influence the support of the car body and ensure the stable operation of locomotive vehicles. To enhance the fatigue reliability of the bogie frame and provide relevant data, this study focuses on analyzing the frame’s strength in both the design and manufacturing stages, based on the bogie of a specific intercity locomotive. The investigation follows the EN13749 and UIC615-4 standards to assess the static and fatigue strength of the frame. First, the static strength of the frame was tested under the corresponding loads. Next, the fatigue strength was evaluated after subjecting the frame to several fatigue cycles. The test results indicated that the frame’s static strength met the specified requirements. Fatigue strength was assessed by using a simulated operating environment, with stress amplitudes at each measurement point falling within the material’s fatigue limit, as outlined by the Goodman diagram. Following 10 million load cycles, no cracks were detected during non-destructive testing, confirming that the frame passed the fatigue test.
Numerical simulation and analytical coupling study on cavity expansion of solid materials
Authors: Wu Guoliang , Wang Hua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study employed the Plastic-Kinematic constitutive model to conduct three-dimensional numerical simulations on armor alloys and aluminum alloys, aiming to explore their impact resistance during spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion. Through the coupling of simulation data and analytical formulas, we derived a calculation formula for expansion velocity, considering both cavity wall stress and radial pressure in static cavity expansion. The radial pressure in static cavity expansion was accurately determined through numerical simulations, and its relationship with yield strength was thoroughly analyzed. Additionally, we verified the accuracy of the mechanical parameters Asce and B for spherical cavity expansion velocity. Normalization of the expansion velocity formulas for spherical and cylindrical cavities simplified the description of expansion velocity for different cavity shapes. The feasibility and universality of the proposed normalization analytical formula were validated through comparisons with literature data. This formula, applicable to metal materials within a specific yield strength range, accurately describes the expansion pressure and velocity characteristics during cavity expansion, providing a rapid and effective solution for research on projectile penetration into solid materials and valuable references for further exploration in related fields.
Calibration method for high-frequency electrotome quality analyzer based on a specific device
Authors: Xu Yang , Fu Yanxiang , Liu Wei , Xie Chuandong , Ren Tingting 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High frequency electrotome quality analyzer is widely used by medical institutions, medical equipment manufacturers, and medical equipment testing institutions. There are several important technical indicators, such as high-frequency power, high-frequency leakage current, and output resistance, to evaluate the metrological performance of high-frequency electrotome quality analyzers, but currently, there are no corresponding verification regulations or calibration specifications. This article presents a calibration method for high frequency electrotome quality analyzers by selecting a specific test device, and the rationality of the method is evaluated by verification experiments, which are conducted on typical types of quality analyzers manufactured by mainstream manufacturers. The experimental results are compared with the requirements stipulated by the national calibration specification JJF 1217-2009 Calibration Specification for Electrosurgical Generator to determine the feasibility of the presented calibration method.
Research on quantitative characterization method of tensile and compressive stress based on incremental magnetic permeability principle
Authors: Li Hengtao , Liu Yan , Yao Huan , Wang Xianxian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, non-destructive quantitative characterization of stresses in low, medium, and high carbon steels was carried out based on the principle of incremental permeability (IP) detection. First, a special fixture was designed and constructed to perform calibration experiments on a single flat plate tensile specimen to obtain the incremental magnetic permeability signals at different compressive and tensile stress levels. Subsequently, the relationship between the magnetic parameter and the stress characterization was analyzed. Finally, a network model was established to realize the quantitative characterization of tensile and compressive stresses in low, medium, and high carbon steels using the magnetic parameter. The results show that the incremental magnetic permeability detection technique can effectively predict the carbon steel stresses non-destructively and quantitatively, and the average relative errors of the model predicted low, medium, and high carbon steel stresses are 1.60 MPa, 1.28 MPa, and 2.54 MPa, respectively. The methods and conclusions proposed in this study provide important references for non-destructive testing of carbon steel stresses.
Preparation of large-scale high-performance precipitation-hardening high-entropy alloys by rotary forging
Authors: Xiao Yao , Wang Lu , Xue Yunfei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The size of the Al0.5Cr0.9FeNi2.5V0.2 specimen, which is a high-performance coherent precipitation-hardening high-entropy alloy, is constrained by the deformation homogeneity required in its thermomechanical processing. In previously published works, cold rolling could only achieve small-sized thin sheet samples with a thickness of less than 4 mm, limiting its engineering applications. This study utilized the strain gradient generated by rotary forging, matching the mechanical characteristics of the hardcore and ductile surface of large-sized high-entropy alloy rods, achieving a diameter of up to 13.5 mm. The alloy exhibited consistent microstructure and mechanical properties comparable to small-sized samples. This work enhances the potential for manufacturing medium and small-sized high-performance HEA components, such as piston rods and armor-piercing projectiles.
Optical and mechanical properties of Gd2O3-MgO nanocomposites sintered by hot-isostatic-pressing using the nanopowders via glycine combustion method
Authors: Tang Hengwei , Wu Nan , Hu Kai , Shao Cen , Hou Zhaoxia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The glycine combustion method combined with hot-isostatic-pressing sintering technology is an effective approach to fabricating nanocomposites. We reported that the Gd2O3-MgO nanocomposites had excellent optical and mechanical performances. The nanopowders with low agglomeration were obtained by elaborating the mole ratio of metal cation to glycine. The excellent optical transmittance (78.2%~80.8%) over 3-6 μm and the high values for Vickers hardness (9.6±0.3 GPa) and bending strength (192.7±8.1 MPa) were obtained by hot-isostatic-pressing sintering at 1350°C with 200 MPa pressure.
The optimization of drill rig structure based on the solid isotropic material with penalization
Authors: Zhang Hong , Su Yongjian , Wang Lun , Zhu Yuxiang , Hu Guowei , Lu Chaoxin , Tang Longjiang , Zhao Shanfei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the optimization design of a drill rig structure based on the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization, aimed at enhancing its adaptability in engineering applications by reducing weight and improving mechanical performance. A 3D model and finite element analysis were first established to simulate and verify the mechanical properties of the drill rig structure, revealing potential for optimization. The Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization was then employed to optimize design variables and objective functions. As a result, the drill rig’s weight was reduced from 76.2 kg to 45.8 kg, with maximum deformation decreasing by approximately 30.7% and maximum stress lowering by about 15.3%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization in optimizing complex structures, achieving both weight reduction and enhanced mechanical performance, and providing theoretical support for practical engineering applications.
Self-assembled micelles prepared from amphiphilic Dextran-Jeffamine diblock copolymers
Authors: Wang Shuxin , Sun Mengxiao , Zeng Zhaoning , Wang Dandan , Shen Xin , Li Suming , Su Feng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The creation of Dextran-Jeffamine (DEX-JEF) amphiphilic block polymers was achieved through the process of reductive amination. This synthesis involved reacting the semi-acetal terminal of the hydrophilic dextran (DEX) with the amine termini of Jeffamine (JEF), which could be in monoamine, diamine, or triamine forms. The result was a collection of block copolymers that included diblock, triblock, and triarm structures, each with distinct hydrophilic ratios and varying block lengths. These polymers were thoroughly analyzed by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to determine their structural characteristics. After the DEX-JEF polymer was self-assembled into micelles in a water medium, the micellar structure, dimensions, and zeta potential were analyzed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. Furthermore, the stability of the micelles was assessed by determining the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) through fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. Finally, the drug-carrying properties of the polymer micelles were also evaluated. The results showed that the micelle sizes ranged from 104.6-202.1 nm, CMC ranging from 0.04-0.28 mg/mL, and drug loading ranging from 4.71-7.16%. It is expected to be a potential drug carrier.
Spin distribution and conductance variations in phenoxyl radical single-molecule junctions
Authors: Sun Fanxi , Jiang Shengqing , Zhang Hanjun , Zhu Gaolu , Pan Yangyang , Ji Yu , Li Jiayu , Zheng Yonghao , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the conductance characteristics and spin distributions in single-molecule junctions using phenoxyl radicals linked to bis(methylthio)triphenylene cores. Through a combination of UV-vis spectrophotometry, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we examine how the structural modifications in phenoxyl radicals influence electron delocalization and molecular conductance. Initial tests confirmed the presence of radicals, and subsequent DFT analyses demonstrated significant shifts in electron spin densities affecting the conductive pathways. This study utilized scanning tunneling microscopy-break junction (STM-BJ) techniques to further elucidate the electronic properties of these radical-injected systems, highlighting the critical role of molecular architecture in defining conductive properties. Results indicate that the addition of phenyl rings leads to varying degrees of electron delocalization and corresponding changes in conductance, with a noted decrease in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap across different structures.
Evolution and preparation of graphene oxide and deep learning image characterization
Authors: Zhang Ziyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Graphene-polymer nanocomposites have garnered significant scientific attention because of their excellent electron transport properties, exceptional mechanical strength, large surface area, size-selective ability, and high Young’s modulus. When effectively organized at both the structural and interfacial levels, these graphene-based polymer nanocomposites demonstrate remarkable structural integrity and multifunctional capabilities. Graphene oxide (GO) stands out as one of the most promising materials within the graphene family. This review provides an overview of the synthetic process and characterization of GO and GO-based polymer nanocomposites, including GO-cement and GO-hydrogels. The dispersion of GO in composites is analyzed using techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and others. Despite some challenges, GO-based polymer nanocomposites exhibit superior performance in certain aspects and demonstrate wide potential applications.
Properties of acrylate hydrogel nano-oil emulsions with long hydrophobic chain segments
Authors: Bai Lu , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhou Haijun , Zhang Fen , Hu Mingguang , Cheng Hua , Zhao Yating , Li Yantao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hydrogels with rich water content and three-dimensional network structure have broad development prospects in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and cell culture. Polyacrylate (PA) materials can induce innate immunity to play a regulatory role, and polyacrylates with hydrophobic chain segments can enhance the cytocompatibility of polymers. In this study, polyacrylates with different hydrophobic chain segment lengths were prepared, and PA was immersed in pure water to form acrylate hydrogel (AH). The micromorphology of AH was observed, and its rotational viscosity and light transmittance were analyzed. The long-term storage stability of polyacrylate nano-oil emulsion (PNOE) obtained by mixing AH with nano-oil emulsion was examined at 4°C and 37°C, and it was found that 4°C was more favorable for the preservation of the emulsion. In addition, subcutaneous injection of PNOE in BABL/c mice was used to characterize the safety of immunization, and it was found to have a good safety profile, which is an important prerequisite for its use as a vaccine adjuvant.
Carbon dots with recoverable photo-bleaching for reusable UV detectors
Authors: Chen Zhenhui , Zhang Shaofeng , Wu Zefeng , Lin Zhenbo , Yao Xin , Liu Jiong , Huang Zhihao , Zhang Wenfei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising category of nanomaterials for sensing applications, primarily due to their cost-effectiveness, thermal stability, low toxicity, and unique luminescence properties. CDs sensors have been widely used in ion detection, but rarely in ultraviolet (UV) light detection. In this paper, we synthesized CDs via one one-step pyrolysis process. The exceptional thermal stability of CDs is exhibited by their ability to maintain 100 % initial photoluminescence (PL) intensity over a temperature range from 300 K to 700 K. The bleached CDs can recover almost 100 % of PL intensity through simple thermal treatment at 800 K. The photoluminescence of CDs retains approximately 80% of their initial intensity following five cycles of photo-bleaching and thermal recovery. Moreover, the fluorescence quenching degree maintains a good linear relationship with the UV photo-bleaching time. These indicate that CDs can be effectively used in reusable UV detectors.
How good is my drought index? Evaluating predictability and ability to estimate impacts across Europe
Authors: Shyrokaya Anastasiya , Pappenberger Florian , Messori Gabriele , Pechlivanidis Ilias , Cloke Hannah Louise , Di Baldassarre Giuliano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Identifying drought indices that effectively predict future drought impacts remains a critical challenge in seasonal forecasting, as these indices provide the necessary actionable information that enables stakeholders to better anticipate and respond to drought-related challenges. This study evaluates how drought indices balance forecast skill and relevance for estimating impacts across Europe. Using ECMWF SEAS5 seasonal predictions and ERA5 reanalysis as benchmarks, we assessed the predictability skill of drought indices over various accumulation periods and their relevance in estimating drought impacts across Europe, with the aim of enhancing impact-based forecasting (IbF). To evaluate these relationships, we built upon the findings from a study that utilized drought impact data from the European Drought Impact Report Inventory (EDII) and employed random forest (RF) models to evaluate the significance of various drought indices in predicting sector-specific impacts. Our findings reveal higher predictability in Northern and Southern Europe, particularly during winter and summer, with some regions showing extended predictability up to six months, depending on the season. Focusing on case studies in the UK and Germany, our results highlight regions and seasons where accurate impact predictions are possible. In both countries, high impact predictability was found up to six months ahead, with sectors such as Agriculture, Water Supply, and Tourism in the UK, and Agriculture and Water Transportation in Germany, depending on the region and season. This analysis represents a significant step forward in identifying the most suitable drought indices for predicting impacts across Europe. Our approach not only introduces a new method for evaluating the relationship between drought indices and impacts, but also addresses the challenge of selecting indices for estimating impacts. This framework advances the development of operational impact-based drought forecasting systems for Europe.
Space-time image velocity measurement method based on improved GhostNetV2
Authors: Feng Yifeng , Wang Chao , Pu Xiaolei , He Dianyi , Zhang Guo , wang Jianping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The space-time image velocimetry (STIV) method exhibits strong performance in non-contact measurements of river flow velocity and discharge. By identifying the main orientation angles of textures in space-time images and combining it with field data from hydrological stations, surface velocity in rivers can be measured. However, the generated space-time images are often affected by background noise and interfering textures due to video recording conditions or lighting variations, which impact the detection of texture orientation angles. To enhance the accuracy and stability of STIV, this paper proposes preprocessing techniques, including second-order differential frequency domain unsharp enhancement, to address noise and interference issues. Additionally, leveraging the correspondence in texture orientation between space-time images and two-dimensional autocorrelation images, a dataset of two-dimensional autocorrelation images with ninefold central magnification is created. An improved GhostNetV2 network is employed for angular classification of this dataset, resulting in increased classification accuracy that enhances the precision of river surface velocity estimation. Comparative experiments are conducted between existing methods and the proposed approach to validate its effectiveness. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved relative errors in the average velocity measurements of 3.65% and &#xD;2.94% for two rivers, and relative errors in total discharge measurements of 3.73% and 2.08%, indicating greater consistency with the current meter measurements than other methods.