bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of parapodia and lack of photoacclimation in kleptoplasts of the sacoglossan sea slug Plakobranchus ocellatus
Authors: Richards Donà Angela , Evertsen Jussi , Johnsen Geir 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe sacoglossan sea slug Plakobranchus ocellatus is a pantropical gastropod that pilfers and incorporates algal chloroplasts (kleptoplasts) into its digestive cells and benefits from the production of photosynthate. It is a mobile, reef forager with mottled, wing-like parapodia that provide good camouflage in sand and are typically observed closed over the kleptoplast-filled digestive tubules. Functional kleptoplasts continue to photosynthesize but are separated from the algal nuclei and are unable to divide within host cells. The mechanisms that enable kleptoplasts to endure are poorly understood and the extent and limitations of functionality have not yet been fully characterized. We investigated kleptoplasts in three tropical sacoglossan species, Elysia ornata, Thuridilla gracilis, and P. ocellatus, collected from different depths and light fields to identify pigments, quantify retention times, and determine photosynthetic parameters. We found that P. ocellatus had the highest estimated retention time and maintained the highest ratio of photoprotective to photosynthetic pigments. A subsequent manipulative experiment on P. ocellatus specimens collected at the same site, depth, and time involved exposure to three different irradiances and showed that kleptoplasts did not photoacclimate over the course of 7 d. No significant changes in in vivo kleptoplast photosynthetic parameters or corresponding spectral reflectance occurred when measuring kleptoplasts directly with open parapodia. Reflectance of closed parapodia, however, showed significant increases in the medium- and high-light treatments on day seven indicating localized kleptoplast degradation. Our results suggest that closed parapodia play an important role in kleptoplast protection by shielding internal kleptoplasts while permitting filtered light energy to reach kleptoplasts on the parapodial undersides. The cryptically patterned parapodia assume the role of photoprotectant, compensating for kleptoplast inability to photoacclimate. This allows P. ocellatus to forage in high-light, exposed, sandy areas and exploit algal food resources that may be unavailable or too risky for other sacoglossans.
Inverse design optimization framework via a two-step deep learning approach: application to a wind turbine airfoil
Authors: Yang Sunwoong , Lee Sanga , Yee Kwanjung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe inverse approach is computationally efficient in aerodynamic design as the desired target performance distribution is prespecified. However, it has some significant limitations that prevent it from achieving full efficiency. First, the iterative procedure should be repeated whenever the specified target distribution changes. Target distribution optimization can be performed to clarify the ambiguity in specifying this distribution, but several additional problems arise in this process such as loss of the representation capacity due to parameterization of the distribution, excessive constraints for a realistic distribution, inaccuracy of quantities of interest due to theoretical/empirical predictions, and the impossibility of explicitly imposing geometric constraints. To deal with these issues, a novel inverse design optimization framework with a two-step deep learning approach is proposed. A variational autoencoder and multi-layer perceptron are used to generate a realistic target distribution and predict the quantities of interest and shape parameters from the generated distribution, respectively. Then, target distribution optimization is performed as the inverse design optimization. The proposed framework applies active learning and transfer learning techniques to improve accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the framework is validated through aerodynamic shape optimizations of the wind turbine airfoil. Their results show that this framework is accurate, efficient, and flexible to be applied to other inverse design engineering applications.
Preliminary design and evaluation of a remote tele-mentoring system for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Shabir Dehlela , Abdurahiman Nihal , Padhan Jhasketan , Anbatawi Malek , Trinh May , Balakrishnan Shidin , Al-Ansari Abdulla , Yaacoub Elias , Deng Zhigang , Erbad Aiman , Mohammed Amr , Navkar Nikhil V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTele-mentoring during surgery facilitates the transfer of surgical knowledge from a mentor (specialist surgeon) to a mentee (operating surgeon). The aim of this work is to develop a tele-mentoring system tailored for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) where the mentor can remotely demonstrate to the mentee the required motion of the surgical instruments.MethodsA remote tele-mentoring system is implemented that generates visual cues in the form of virtual surgical instrument motion overlaid onto the live view of the operative field. The technical performance of the system is evaluated in a simulated environment, where the operating room and the central location of the mentor were physically located in different countries and connected over the internet. In addition, a user study was performed to assess the system as a mentoring tool.ResultsOn average, it took 260 ms to send a view of the operative field of 1920 × 1080 resolution from the operating room to the central location of the mentor and an average of 132 ms to receive the motion of virtual surgical instruments from the central location to the operating room. The user study showed that it is feasible for the mentor to demonstrate and for the mentee to understand and replicate the motion of surgical instruments.ConclusionThe work demonstrates the feasibility of transferring information over the internet from a mentor to a mentee in the form of virtual surgical instruments. Their motion is overlaid onto the live view of the operative field enabling real-time interactions between both the surgeons.
On the existence of isoperimetric regions in manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth
Authors: Antonelli Gioacchino , Bruè Elia , Fogagnolo Mattia , Pozzetta Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper we provide new existence results for isoperimetric sets of large volume in Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth. We find sufficient conditions for their existence in terms of the geometry at infinity of the manifold. As a byproduct we show that isoperimetric sets of big volume always exist on manifolds with nonnegative sectional curvature and Euclidean volume growth. Our method combines an asymptotic mass decomposition result for minimizing sequences, a sharp isoperimetric inequality on nonsmooth spaces, and the concavity property of the isoperimetric profile. The latter is new in the generality of noncollapsed manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below.
5-HTT genotype and inertia of negative affect in adolescents and young adults from the general population
Authors: Ollmann T. M. , Seidl E. , Venz J. , Pieper L. , Voss C. , Hoyer J. , Kische H. , Poppenhäger S. R. , Schiele M. A. , Domschke K. , Beesdo-Baum K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study aims to replicate the previous found association of5-HTTLPR and inertia of negative affect in daily life of adolescents and young adults. Data of 877 adolescents (aged 14–21 years) of the Behavior and Mind Health (BeMIND) study (epidemiological cohort study, Dresden, Germany) were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR/rs25531, grouped into SS/SLG/SLA/LGLA/LGLGvs. LALA, and provided ratings on negative affect items, depression and anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) eight times a day over 4 days. Multilevel regression models did not reveal an association of 5-HTTLPR genotype and inertia of negative affect, nor associations with inertia of anxiety or depression. Inertia of negative affect seems not to be a psychological mechanism through which5-HTTLPR acts on psychopathology.
o-Toluidine in electrochemistry – an overview
Authors: Weber Elisabeth , Richter Elmar , Holze Rudolf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe substituted aromatic amineo-toluidine (2-methylaniline, 1-amino-2-methylbenzene) is frequently encountered in electrochemical research as a soluble corrosion inhibitor dissolved in aqueous media used e.g., in cooling systems, as a homomonomer for formation of intrinsically conducting poly-o-toluidine and as a comonomer in formation of respective copolymers and their composites. The obtained polymers are suggested as corrosion protection coatings, as active materials in devices for electrochemical energy storage, but more frequently, they are examined as active components in electrochemical sensors.The significant and pronounced carcinogenicity ofo-toluidine has hardly been addressed; presumably, most researchers are not even aware of this property. After a brief summary of the health risks and effects, the following overview presents typical examples of said studies and applications. If possible, substitutes with lower health risks are proposed, at least further studies enabling such replacement are suggested.
Aqueous spray-drying synthesis of alluaudite Na2+2xFe2−x(SO4)3 sodium insertion material: studies of electrochemical activity, thermodynamic stability, and humidity-induced phase transition
Authors: Barman Pubali , Dwibedi Debasmita , Jayanthi K. , Meena Sher Singh , Nagendran Supreeth , Navrotsky Alexandra , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn pursuit of high-energy density sodium insertion materials, polyanionic frameworks can be designed with tuneable high-voltage operation stemming from inductive effect. Alluaudite Na2Fe2(SO4)3 polysulfate forms one such earth-abundant compound registering the highest Fe3+/Fe2+ redox potential (ca. 3.8 V vs. Na/Na+). While this SO4-based system exhibits high voltage operation, it is prone to thermal decomposition and moisture attack leading to hydrated derivatives, making its synthesis cumbersome. Also, the Na–Fe–S–O quaternary system is rich with (anhydrous to hydrated) phase transitions. Herein, we demonstrate scalable aqueous-based spray drying synthesis of alluaudite Na2+2xFe2−x(SO4)3 sodium insertion material involving the formation of bloedite Na2Fe(SO4)2·4H2O as an intermediate phase. Moreover, a reversible phase transition from alluaudite to bloedite under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity is reported for the first time. Thermochemistry measurements revealed the enthalpies of formation (ΔH°f) of alluaudite and bloedite are exothermic. Hydrated bloedite (ΔH°f =  −117.16 ± 1.10 kJ/mol) was found to be significantly more energetically stable than anhydrous alluaudite (ΔH°f =  −11.76 ± 1.25 kJ/mol). The calorimetric data support the observed synthesis and transformation (hydration-dehydration) pathways. Spray drying route led to spherical morphology delivering capacity ~80 mAh/g. Spray drying can be extended for rapid economic synthesis of sulfate class of battery materials.
Transition to PCR diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in the Norwegian healthcare system: could the increase in reported cases be due to higher sensitivity or a change in the testing algorithm?
Authors: Campbell Sophie M. , Pettersen Frank O. , Brekke Hanne , Hanevik Kurt , Robertson Lucy J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCryptosporidiosis has been a notifiable infection in Norway since 2012 and giardiasis since 1977. For both infections, there has been an increase in notified cases. We used a questionnaire to explore whether this may be associated with implementation of molecular diagnostic methods. We received responses from 14 of 16 laboratories, most of which had implemented molecular diagnostic methods for these parasites. Algorithms for testing had also been modified, and several laboratories now test more faecal samples than previously for both parasites. The increase in reported cases may reflect not only higher sensitivity of diagnostic methods, but also more sample testing.
Analysis of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) needs and PrEP use in Germany among men who have sex with men
Authors: Marcus Ulrich , Schmidt Daniel , Schink Susanne B. , Koppe Uwe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims
We aim to estimate the number of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users among men having sex with men (MSM) in Germany from 2017 through 2020, and analyse if PrEP needs expressed in 2017 might have been met by the expansion of PrEP until 2020.

Subject and methods
We estimated the number of PrEP users by using drug prescription data and information on on-demand/intermittent PrEP use from online surveys to determine the proportion of on-demand/intermittent and daily PrEP use as well as the average number of PrEP pills used.
The number of MSM in need of PrEP in 2017 was estimated based on four groups defined among respondents to a large online survey, combining respondents with PrEP use intention and respondents indicating substantial sexual risks. The size of each group was estimated based on self-selection biases. MSM with PrEP need in 2017 were compared with the estimated number of persons taking PrEP by June 2020.

Results
We estimated a total of 15,600 to 21,600 PrEP users in Germany by the end of June 2020, corresponding to 40–55% of men with PrEP use intention in 2017. A correlation between the regional distribution of PrEP use intention in 11/2017 and actual PrEP use by 06/2020 suggested an unequal regional distribution of unsatisfied needs. The number of men with unmet PrEP needs ranged between 27,500 and 93,000 in 06/2020.

Conclusion
PrEP use in Germany has increased considerably between 10/2017 and 06/2020, but large regional inequalities persist. PrEP is not yet readily accessible, and there is a need to expand services and encourage uptake.
Radicalization in Adolescence: the Identification of Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Schröder Carl Philipp , Bruns Jannik , Lehmann Lena , Goede Laura-Romina , Bliesener Thomas , Tomczyk Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Given that the normative search for identity and belonging, as well as political socialization, plays an important role during adolescence, this life stage is characterized by high vulnerability to radicalization processes. When investigating the influence of different factors on radicalization processes, latent profile analysis can identify and analyze groups of adolescents with different vulnerabilities. Based on a sample of 6,715 ninth-graders from Germany, we identified six latent classes with specific vulnerabilities to right-wing attitudes as one possible outcome of radicalization. The results show that the class with the highest approval of right-wing statements mainly consists of male adolescents with a high sense of relative disadvantage and social deprivation. Specific family ties constitute a unique feature among those who are indifferent in their attitudes.
The impact of e-learning, gender-groupings and learning pedagogies in biology undergraduate female and male students’ attitudes and achievement
Authors: Almasri Firas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to compare female and male students’ attitudes and achievements within different learning settings determined by e-learning and in-classroom learning modalities, collaborative (CL), and traditional (TL) learning pedagogies and investigated the effect of single-gender (SG) and mixed-gender (MG) grouping in an undergraduate biology course. 1375 biology students enrolled in a public university were randomly divided into 12 learning settings. Keller’s ARCS model and Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory were the theoretical frameworks that guided this study. Results indicated that females attained higher achievement and more positive attitude towards biology in TL and CL sections in single-gender compared to mix-gender classes; overall, academic achievements between females and males demonstrated a significant difference at P < .05. Females students performed relatively low achievement and had a negative attitude toward biology in mix-gender CL groups (2 Females + 2 Males) compared to single-gender CL groups (4 Females) in in-classroom modality. E-learning attenuated the negative impact of mixed-gender grouping on female students within e-learning CL settings. The effect size value indicated that males benefited more than females from mixed-gender CL (2F + 2 M) pedagogy in e-learning and in-classroom modalities. Thus, e-learning may encourage female students to overcome the socio-cultural barrier that leads them to feel reticence in mixed-gender groups. The study helps to understand the most suitable learning settings for female and male students to decrease gender disparities, reduce the negative influences of stereotypical threats in different socio-cultural environments, and develop learning strategies to further equalize opportunities for females and male students, promoting students’ attitudes and achievement in undergraduate biology education.
Vision-Based 2D Navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Riverine Environments with Imitation Learning
Authors: Wei Peng , Liang Ryan , Michelmore Andrew , Kong Zhaodan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere have been many researchers studying how to enable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to navigate in complex and natural environments autonomously. In this paper, we develop an imitation learning framework and use it to train navigation policies for the UAV flying inside complex and GPS-denied riverine environments. The UAV relies on a forward-pointing camera to perform reactive maneuvers and navigate itself in 2D space by adapting the heading. We compare the performance of a linear regression-based controller, an end-to-end neural network controller and a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based controller trained with data aggregation method in the simulation environments. The results show that the VAE-based controller outperforms the other two controllers in both training and testing environments and is able to navigate the UAV with a longer traveling distance and a lower intervention rate from the pilots.
The ascension of nanosponges as a drug delivery carrier: preparation, characterization, and applications
Authors: Tiwari Kartik , Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNanosponges are nanosized drug carriers with a three-dimensional structure created by crosslinking polymers. They have the advantage of being able to hold a wide range of drugs of various sizes. Nanosponges come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are distinguished by the research method used, the type of polymer used, and the type of drug they may contain. Nanosponges are superior to other delivery systems because they can provide a controlled drug release pattern with targeted drug delivery. The period of action, as well as the drug’s residence time, may be regulated. Since it is made of biodegradable materials, it has a low toxicity and is safe to use. The efficiency of drug encapsulation is determined by the size of the drug molecule and the amount of void space available. Cancer, enzyme and biocatalyst carrier, oxygen delivery, solubility enhancement, enzyme immobilization, and poison absorbent are some of the applications for nanosponges. The method of preparation, characterization, factors affecting nanosponge development, drug loading and release mechanism, recent developments in this area, and patents filed in the area of nanosponges are all highlighted in this study.
Computational graph pangenomics: a tutorial on data structures and their applications
Authors: Baaijens Jasmijn A. , Bonizzoni Paola , Boucher Christina , Della Vedova Gianluca , Pirola Yuri , Rizzi Raffaella , Sirén Jouni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComputational pangenomics is an emerging research field that is changing the way computer scientists are facing challenges in biological sequence analysis. In past decades, contributions from combinatorics, stringology, graph theory and data structures were essential in the development of a plethora of software tools for the analysis of the human genome. These tools allowed computational biologists to approach ambitious projects at population scale, such as the 1000 Genomes Project. A major contribution of the 1000 Genomes Project is the characterization of a broad spectrum of genetic variations in the human genome, including the discovery of novel variations in the South Asian, African and European populations—thus enhancing the catalogue of variability within the reference genome. Currently, the need to take into account the high variability in population genomes as well as the specificity of an individual genome in a personalized approach to medicine is rapidly pushing the abandonment of the traditional paradigm of using a single reference genome. A graph-based representation of multiple genomes, or a graph pangenome, is replacing the linear reference genome. This means completely rethinking well-established procedures to analyze, store, and access information from genome representations. Properly addressing these challenges is crucial to face the computational tasks of ambitious healthcare projects aiming to characterize human diversity by sequencing 1M individuals (Stark et al. 2019). This tutorial aims to introduce readers to the most recent advances in the theory of data structures for the representation of graph pangenomes. We discuss efficient representations of haplotypes and the variability of genotypes in graph pangenomes, and highlight applications in solving computational problems in human and microbial (viral) pangenomes.
The adoption of precision agriculture enabling technologies in Swiss outdoor vegetable production: a Delphi study
Authors: Ammann Jeanine , Umstätter Christina , El Benni Nadja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDigital technologies are a promising means to tackle the increasing global challenges (e.g., climate change, water pollution, soil degradation) and revolutionising agricultural production. The current research used a two-stage Delphi study with 34 experts from various domains, including production, advisory and research, to identify the key drivers and barriers, the most promising technologies and possible measures to support technology adoption in Swiss outdoor vegetable production. Combining these experts’ views, the method provides realistic scenarios for future development. In Round 1, open-ended questions were used to collect the experts’ opinions. These were then transformed into closed-ended questions for Round 2, where controlled feedback was provided to the experts. Twenty-six experts participated in both rounds, resulting in an overall response rate that was comparably high (76%). It was found that economic factors were important drivers and barriers in technology adoption and, consequently, the experts recommended financial measures to support this adoption. The practical relevance of new technologies provided through communication and education holds further potential in terms of their promotion. These findings are valuable beyond the research field. Educators and policy makers can build on the results and optimally align their efforts to target technology adoption and contribute to more sustainable agriculture.