bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can COVID-19 Lockdown Reduce Crimes Against Women? A District- Level Analysis from India
Authors: Goel Prarthna Agarwal , Chowdhury Joyita Roy , Parida Yashobanta 
Published: July 2022

In response to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian government implemented a nationwide lockdown on 24 March 2020. We study the effect of lockdown on crimes against women. Using district-level panel data from 457 districts in India for five months (before, during and post-lockdown), we examine the interaction effect of COVID-19 containment zones and lockdown on crimes against women. Results suggest a differential impact of the lockdown on crime across different containment zones. Compared to the most COVID-19 affected zone, the less affected zones show a larger fall in crimes against women due to the imposition of a lockdown. JEL Codes: C33, J16, J78
Metabolomic predictors of phenotypic traits can replace and complement measured clinical variables in population-scale expression profiling studies
Authors: Niehues Anna , Bizzarri Daniele , Reinders Marcel J.T. , Slagboom P. Eline , van Gool Alain J. , van den Akker Erik B. ,   BBMRI-NL BIOS consortium,   BBMRI-NL Metabolomics consortium, ’t Hoen Peter A.C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPopulation-scale expression profiling studies can provide valuable insights into biological and disease-underlying mechanisms. The availability of phenotypic traits is essential for studying clinical effects. Therefore, missing, incomplete, or inaccurate phenotypic information can make analyses challenging and prevent RNA-seq or other omics data to be reused. A possible solution are predictors that infer clinical or behavioral phenotypic traits from molecular data. While such predictors have been developed based on different omics data types and are being applied in various studies, metabolomics-based surrogates are less commonly used than predictors based on DNA methylation profiles.In this study, we inferred 17 traits, including diabetes status and exposure to lipid medication, using previously trained metabolomic predictors. We evaluated whether these metabolomic surrogates can be used as an alternative to reported information for studying the respective phenotypes using expression profiling data of four population cohorts. For the majority of the 17 traits, the metabolomic surrogates performed similarly to the reported phenotypes in terms of effect sizes, number of significant associations, replication rates, and significantly enriched pathways.The application of metabolomics-derived surrogate outcomes opens new possibilities for reuse of multi-omics data sets. In studies where availability of clinical metadata is limited, missing or incomplete information can be complemented by these surrogates, thereby increasing the size of available data sets. Additionally, the availability of such surrogates could be used to correct for potential biological confounding. In the future, it would be interesting to further investigate the use of molecular predictors across different omics types and cohorts.
The blood microbiome and its association to cardiovascular disease mortality: case-cohort study
Authors: Lawrence Graeme , Midtervoll Ingvild , Samuelsen Sven Ove , Kristoffersen Anne Karin , Enersen Morten , Håheim Lise Lund 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the association between bacterial DNA in human blood and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.MethodsA case-cohort study was performed based on a 9 ½ year follow-up of the Oslo II study from 2000. Eligible for this analysis were men born in 1923 and from 1926 to 1932. The cases were men (n = 227) who had died from CVD, and the controls were randomly selected participants from the same cohort (n = 178). Analysis of the bacterial microbiome was performed on stored frozen blood samples for both cases and controls. Association analyses for CVD mortality were performed by Cox proportional hazard regression adapted to the case-cohort design. We used the Bonferroni correction due to the many bacterial genera that were identified.ResultsBacterial DNA was identified in 372 (82%) of the blood samples and included 78 bacterial genera from six phyla. Three genera were significantly associated with CVD mortality. The generaKocuria(adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 8.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) (4.05, 17.84)) andEnhydrobacter(HR 3.30 (2.01, 5.57)) indicate an association with CVD mortality with increasing levels. The generaParacoccus(HR 0.29 (0.15, 0.57)) was inversely related. Significant predictors of CVD mortality were: the feeling of bad health; and the consumption of more than three cups of coffee per day. The following registered factors were borderline significant, namely: a history of heart failure; increased systolic blood pressure; and currently taking antihypertensive drugs now, versus previously.ConclusionsThe increasing levels of two bacterial generaKocuria(skin and oral) andEnhydrobacter(skin) and low levels ofParacoccus(soil) were associated with CVD mortality independent of known risk factors for CVD.
Nomogram for predicting rebleeding after initial endoscopic epinephrine injection monotherapy hemostasis in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: He Shan , Liu Linlin , Ouyang Liu , Wang Jingsong , Lv Nonghua , Chen Youxiang , Shu Xu , Zhu Zhenhua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the current guidelines recommend endoscopic combination therapy, endoscopic epinephrine injection (EI) monotherapy is still a simple, common and effective modality for treating peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). However, the rebleeding risk after EI monotherapy is still high, and identifying rebleeding patients after EI monotherapy is unclear, which is highly important in clinical practice. This study aimed to identify risk factors and constructed a predictive nomogram related to rebleeding after EI monotherapy.

Methods
We consecutively and retrospectively analyzed 360 PUB patients who underwent EI monotherapy between March 2014 and July 2021 in our center. Then we identified independent risk factors associated with rebleeding after initial endoscopic EI monotherapy by multivariate logistic regression. A predictive nomogram was developed and validated based on the above predictors.

Results
Among all PUB patients enrolled, 51 (14.2%) had recurrent hemorrhage within 30 days after endoscopic EI monotherapy. After multivariate logistic regression, shock [odds ratio (OR) = 12.691, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.129–31.399, p < 0.001], Rockall score (OR = 1.877, 95% CI 1.250–2.820, p = 0.002), tachycardia (heart rate > 100 beats/min) (OR = 2.610, 95% CI 1.098–6.203, p = 0.030), prolonged prothrombin time (PT > 13 s) (OR = 2.387, 95% CI 1.019–5.588, p = 0.045) and gastric ulcer (OR = 2.258, 95% CI 1.003–5.084, p = 0.049) were associated with an increased risk of rebleeding after an initial EI monotherapy treatment. A nomogram incorporating these independent high-risk factors showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.876 (95% CI 0.817–0.934) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
We developed a predictive nomogram of rebleeding after EI monotherapy, which had excellent prediction accuracy. This predictive nomogram can be conveniently used to identify low-risk rebleeding patients after EI monotherapy, allowing for decision-making in a clinical setting.
Relationship between family-related factors and functional constipation among Chinese preschoolers: a case–control study
Authors: Niu Yushuo , Liu Ting , Ran Ni , Li Kuinan , Sun Yaru , Wang Xin , Guo Kun , Yang Xiuling 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Constipation is one of the common symptoms in childhood. The prevalence of FC is about 0.5% to 32% and still on the rise according to global statistics. The aim of this study is to explore the associations between family-related factors (e.g., parental conflict, parenting style, and parent–child relationship) and functional constipation of preschool children based on family system theory.

Methods
The study is a case–control survey of preschoolers in China. In total, 108 preschoolers with functional constipation diagnosed with pediatric Rome IV criteria and 324 healthy examination preschoolers without functional constipation were enrolled in the study. Parents completed the following 5 instruments: General information questionnaire, the Parental Conflict Scale, the Parenting Style Questionnaire, the Child-parent Relationship Scale and the Children’s Emotional Adjustment Scale-Preschool Version.

Results
Nine categories of factors which significantly predicted functional constipation in preschoolers were retained in the final logistic regression model: Second child in birth order (OR = 0.456; 95% CI, 0.229 to 0.910), children picky eating (OR = 2.936; 95% CI, 1.133 to 7.611), bad bowel habits (OR = 2.896; 95% CI, 1.391 to 6.028), parental history of constipation (OR = 3.259; 95% CI, 1.600 to 6.639), parents blaming the child for having a bad bowel movement (OR = 3.788; 95% CI, 1.391 to 10.318), more than 3 h of fathers-child interaction time per day (OR = 0.137; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.778), parental conflict (OR = 1.981; 95% CI, 0.950 to 3.831), doting or authoritarian parenting style (OR = 1.644; 95% CI, 1.067 to 2.534, OR = 2.481; 95% CI, 1.362 to 4.519), and anxiety control or temper control in children (OR = 0.492; 95% CI, 0.303 to 0.799, OR = 0.189; 95% CI, 0.103 to 0.348).

Conclusions
This study identified the significant associations between family-related factors and functional constipation in preschool children, which provide implications for healthcare professionals to address functional constipation in early childhood using a preventive lens.
Clinical predictors of lung function in patients recovering from mild COVID-19
Authors: Cortes-Telles Arturo , Figueroa-Hurtado Esperanza , Ortiz-Farias Diana Lizbeth , Zavorsky Gerald Stanley 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have assessed lung function in Hispanic subjects recovering from mild COVID-19. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) as defined by values below the lower limit of normal (< LLN, < 5th percentile) or less than 80% of predicted in Hispanics recovering from mild COVID-19. We also examined the prevalence of a restrictive spirometric pattern as defined by the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) being ≥ LLN with the FVC being < LLN. Finally, we evaluated previous studies to find factors correlated to impaired DLCO post-COVID-19.MethodsIn this observational study, adult patients (n = 146) with mild COVID-19 were recruited from a long-term follow-up COVID-19 clinic in Yucatan, Mexico, between March and August 2021. Spirometry, DLCO, and self-reported signs/symptoms were recorded 34 ± 4 days after diagnosis.ResultsAt post-evaluation, 20% and 30% of patients recovering from COVID-19 were classified as having a restrictive spirometric pattern and impaired DLCO, respectively; 13% had both. The most prevalent reported symptoms were fatigue (73%), a persistent cough (43%), shortness of breath (42%) and a blocked/runny nose (36%). Increased age and a restrictive spirometric pattern increased the probability of having an impaired DLCO while having a blocked nose and excessive sweating decreased the likelihood. The proportion of patients with previous mild COVID-19 and impaired DLCO increased by 13% when the definition of impaired DLCO was < 80% predicted instead of below the LLN. When comparing previous studies, having severe COVID-19 increased the proportion of those with impaired DLCO by 21% compared to those with mild COVID-19.ConclusionsOne-third of patients with mild COVID-19 have impaired DLCO thirty-four days post-diagnosis. The criteria that define impaired DLCO and the severity of COVID-19 disease affects the proportion of those with impaired DLCO at follow-up. One-fifth of patients have a restrictive spirometric pattern.
Effect of stomach size on organs at risk in pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Taniguchi Takuya , Adachi Kousei , Nakaya Shuto , Kiryu Takuji , Ukai Akira , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In clinical practice, the organs at risk (OARs) should be carefully determined when performing pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We conducted a simulation study to examine the effect of the stomach size on the radiation dose to the OARs when performing pancreatic SBRT.

Methods
Twenty-five cases were included in this study. Pancreatic head and body tumors were 2-cm-sized pseudotumors, which were included as gross target volume (GTV) contours. The stomach, pancreas, small intestine, liver, kidneys, and spinal cord were considered as the OARs. The prescription dose for planning target volume (PTV) was 40 Gy/5fx, and the dose limit for the OARs was determined. The dose to X% of the OAR volume at X values of 0.1, 5.0, and 10.0 cc (DX) and the percentage of the OAR volume that received more than X Gy were recorded.

Results
In terms of the radiation dose to the pancreatic body tumors, the stomach size was positively correlated with a dose of D10cc [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.5516) to the stomach. The r value between the radiation dose to the pancreatic head tumor and the stomach size was 0.3499. The stomach size and radiation dose to the head and body of the pancreas were positively correlated (pancreatic head D10cc: r = 0.3979, pancreatic body D10cc: r = 0.3209). The larger the stomach, the larger the radiation dose to the healthy portion of the pancreas outside the PTV.

Conclusions
When performing pancreatic SBRT, the dose to the OARs depends on the stomach size. Reducing the dose to the stomach and pancreas can be achieved by shrinking the stomach.
Capnodynamic monitoring of lung volume and blood flow in response to increased positive end-expiratory pressure in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: an observational study
Authors: Schulz Luis , Stewart Antony , O’Regan William , McCanny Peter , Austin Danielle , Hallback Magnus , Wallin Mats , Aneman Anders 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The optimal level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia remains debated and should ideally be guided by responses in both lung volume and perfusion. Capnodynamic monitoring allows both end-expiratory lung volume ($${\text{EELV}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$

EELV

CO
2

) and effective pulmonary blood flow (EPBF) to be determined at the bedside with ongoing ventilation.

Methods
Patients with COVID-19-related moderate to severe respiratory failure underwent capnodynamic monitoring of $${\text{EELV}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$

EELV

CO
2

and EPBF during a step increase in PEEP by 50% above the baseline (PEEPlow to PEEPhigh). The primary outcome was a > 20 mm Hg increase in arterial oxygen tension to inspired fraction of oxygen (P/F) ratio to define responders versus non-responders. Secondary outcomes included changes in physiological dead space and correlations with independently determined recruited lung volume and the recruitment-to-inflation ratio at an instantaneous, single breath decrease in PEEP. Mixed factor ANOVA for group mean differences and correlations by Pearson’s correlation coefficient are reported including their 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Of 27 patients studied, 15 responders increased the P/F ratio by 55 [24–86] mm Hg compared to 12 non-responders (p < 0.01) as PEEPlow (11 ± 2.7 cm H2O) was increased to PEEPhigh (18 ± 3.0 cm H2O). The $${\text{EELV}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$

EELV

CO
2

was 461 [82–839] ml less in responders at PEEPlow (p = 0.02) but not statistically different between groups at PEEPhigh. Responders increased both $${\text{EELV}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$

EELV

CO
2

and EPBF at PEEPhigh (r = 0.56 [0.18–0.83], p = 0.03). In contrast, non-responders demonstrated a negative correlation (r = − 0.65 [− 0.12 to − 0.89], p = 0.02) with increased lung volume associated with decreased pulmonary perfusion. Decreased (− 0.06 [− 0.02 to − 0.09] %, p < 0.01) dead space was observed in responders. The change in $${\text{EELV}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}$$

EELV

CO
2

correlated with both the recruited lung volume (r = 0.85 [0.69–0.93], p < 0.01) and the recruitment-to-inflation ratio (r = 0.87 [0.74–0.94], p < 0.01).

Conclusions
In mechanically ventilated patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 respiratory failure, improved oxygenation in response to increased PEEP was associated with increased end-expiratory lung volume and pulmonary perfusion. The change in end-expiratory lung volume was positively correlated with the lung volume recruited and the recruitment-to-inflation ratio. This study demonstrates the feasibility of capnodynamic monitoring to assess physiological responses to PEEP at the bedside to facilitate an individualised setting of PEEP.
Trial registration: NCT05082168 (18th October 2021).
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of diphenylquinoxaline-6-carbohydrazide hybrids as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Pedrood Keyvan , Rezaei Zahra , Khavaninzadeh Kimia , Larijani Bagher , Iraji Aida , Hosseini Samanesadat , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Dianatpour Mehdi , Rastegar Hossein , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Hamedifar Haleh , Hajimiri Mir Hamed , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel series of diphenylquinoxaline-6-carbohydrazide hybrids 7a–o were rationally designed and synthesized as anti-diabetic agents. All synthesized compounds 7a–o were screened as possible α-glucosidase inhibitors and exhibited good inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the range of 110.6 ± 6.0 to 453.0 ± 4.7 µM in comparison with acarbose as the positive control (750.0 ± 10.5 µM). An exception in this trend came back to a compound 7k with IC50 value > 750 µM. Furthermore, the most potent derivative 7e bearing 3-fluorophenyl moiety was further explored by kinetic studies and showed the competitive type of inhibition. Additionally, the molecular docking of all derivatives was performed to get an insight into the binding mode of these derivatives within the active site of the enzyme. In silico assessments exhibited that 7e was well occupied in the binding pocket of the enzyme through favorable interactions with residues, correlating to the experimental results.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy Does not Improve Cancer-specific Survival in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Zheng Xun , Zhu Jingqiang , Li Zhihui , Wei Tao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
It is unclear whether radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy could improve cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) of the thyroid.

Objective
To investigate the effect of RAI on CSS in HCC patients.

Methods
HCC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to evaluate CSS. Propensity score–matched (PSM) analyses were performed to control the influence of potential confounders.

Results
A total of 2279 patients were identified. RAI treatment was not significantly associated with improved CSS in overall or PSM cohort. Subgroup analyses indicated similar results, even in patients with aggressive features such as age 55 years or older, tumor size greater than 40 mm, distant disease in SEER staging, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastases (all P &gt; .05).

Conclusion
RAI has no statistically significant influence on the CSS in HCC patients. This information may aid in decision-making for RAI therapy in these patients.
The Importance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring-derived Metrics Beyond HbA1c for Optimal Individualized Glycemic Control
Authors: Yoshii Hidenori , Mita Tomoya , Katakami Naoto , Okada Yosuke , Osonoi Takeshi , Aso Katsumi , Kurozumi Akira , Wakasugi Satomi , Sato Fumiya , Ishii Ryota , Gosho Masahiko , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Current guidelines recommend assessing glycemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement.

Objective
This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of patients who might benefit from CGM metrics in addition to HbA1c monitoring.

Methods
CGM metrics, specifically time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), and time above range (TAR), were determined in 999 outpatients with type 2 diabetes and compared between HbA1c categories (HbA1c &lt; 53 mmol/mol [7.0%, HbA1c &lt;  53], HbA1c 53-63 mmol/mol [7.0-7.9%, HbA1c 53-63], HbA1c 64-74 mmol/mol [8.0-8.9%, HbA1c 64-74], and HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol [9.0%, HbA1c ≥  75]) and between patients with identical HbA1c categories who were stratified by age, types of antidiabetic agents, and renal function.

Results
For HbA1c &lt;  53 category, patients aged ≥ 65 years had a significantly higher nocturnal TBR than those aged &lt; 65 years. For HbA1c &lt;  53 and HbA1c 53-63 categories, patients receiving insulin and/or sulfonylureas had a significantly higher TAR and TBR, and a lower TIR than those not receiving these drugs, and for HbA1c 64-74 category, they had a significantly higher TBR. For HbA1c &lt;  53, HbA1c 53-63, and HbA1c 64-74 categories, patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a significantly higher TBR during some periods than those with an eGFR ≥ 60.

Conclusion
Higher HbA1c levels do not always protect against hypoglycemic episodes. Our data demonstrate that using CGM metrics to complement HbA1c monitoring is beneficial, especially in older people, users of insulin and/or sulfonylureas, and patients with chronic kidney disease.
Risk Prediction Models of Natural Menopause Onset: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raeisi-Dehkordi Hamidreza , Kummer Stefanie , Francis Raguindin Peter , Dejanovic Gordana , Eylul Taneri Petek , Cardona Isabel , Kastrati Lum , Minder Beatrice , Voortman Trudy , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Dhana Klodian , Glisic Marija , Muka Taulant 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Predicting the onset of menopause is important for family planning and to ensure prompt intervention in women at risk of developing menopause-related diseases.

Objective
We aimed to summarize risk prediction models of natural menopause onset and their performance.

Methods
Five bibliographic databases were searched up to March 2022. We included prospective studies on perimenopausal women or women in menopausal transition that reported either a univariable or multivariable model for risk prediction of natural menopause onset. Two authors independently extracted data according to the CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist. Risk of bias was assessed using a prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST).

Results
Of 8132 references identified, we included 14 articles based on 8 unique studies comprising 9588 women (mainly Caucasian) and 3289 natural menopause events. All included studies used onset of natural menopause (ONM) as outcome, while 4 studies also predicted early ONM. Overall, there were 180 risk prediction models investigated, with age, anti-Müllerian hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone being the most investigated predictors. Estimated C-statistic for the prediction models ranged from 0.62 to 0.95. Although all studies were rated at high risk of bias mainly due to the methodological concerns related to the statistical analysis, their applicability was satisfactory.

Conclusion
Predictive performance and generalizability of current prediction models on ONM is limited given that these models were generated from studies at high risk of bias and from specific populations/ethnicities. Although in certain settings such models may be useful, efforts to improve their performance are needed as use becomes more widespread.