bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Infantile Spasm Syndrome: Update from the Interdisciplinary Guideline Committee Coordinated by the German-Speaking Society of Neuropediatrics
Authors: Ramantani Georgia , Bölsterli Bigna K. , Alber Michael , Klepper Joerg , Korinthenberg Rudolf , Kurlemann Gerhard , Tibussek Daniel , Wolff Markus , Schmitt Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives The manuscript serves as an update on the current management practices for infantile spasm syndrome (ISS). It includes a detailed summary of the level of current evidence of different treatment options for ISS and gives recommendations for the treatment and care of patients with ISS.
Methods A literature search was performed using the Cochrane and Medline Databases (2014 to July 2020). All studies were objectively rated using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. For recommendations, the evidence from these studies was combined with the evidence from studies used in the 2014 guideline.
Recommendations If ISS is suspected, electroencephalography (EEG) should be performed within a few days and, if confirmed, treatment should be initiated immediately. Response to first-line treatment should be evaluated clinically and electroencephalographically after 14 days. The preferred first-line treatment for ISS consists of either hormone-based monotherapy (AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone [ACTH] or prednisolone) or a combination of hormone and vigabatrin. Children with tuberous sclerosis complex and those with contraindications against hormone treatment should be treated with vigabatrin. If first-line drugs are ineffective, second-line treatment options such as ketogenic dietary therapies, sulthiame, topiramate, valproate, zonisamide, or benzodiazepines should be considered. Children refractory to drug therapy should be evaluated early for epilepsy surgery, especially if focal brain lesions are present. Parents should be informed about the disease, the efficacy and adverse effects of the medication, and support options for the family. Regular follow-up controls are recommended.
Guidance on Providing Patient-Centered Care
Authors: English Kris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article explores the clinical applications of Audiology Practice Standards Organization (APSO) Standards 2 and 13, both of which keep us fully focused on the patient-as-person. The topics within Standard 2 include audiologists' interpersonal communication skills, specifically clarity (ensuring patient comprehension) and empathy (understanding the patient's experiences). Standard 2 also addresses the topic of health literacy, which has been recently expanded to consider not only the degree to which individuals are able to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions but also how organizations equitably support those necessary skills. The characteristics and benefits of services provided in patient- and family-centered care contexts are also described. Standard 13 addresses audiologists' support toward overall successful adjustment as defined by the patient, including both technical and personal adjustment to amplification, nontechnical communication issues, and rehabilitation support using readily available technologies. A new assessment protocol that includes goal setting and intervention is described, as well as a patient-centered intervention strategy involving discussion of personally meaningful photographs. Both standards provide a necessary balance to our technology-reliant profession.
European Pediatric Surgeons' Association Survey on the Use of Splenic Embolization in Blunt Splenic Trauma in Children
Authors: Dariel Anne , Soyer Tutku , Dingemann Jens , Pini-Prato Alessio , Martinez Leopoldo , Faure Alice , Oumarou Mamane , Hassid Sophie , Dabadie Alexia , De Coppi Paolo , Gorter Ramon , Doi Tkashi , Antunovic Sanja Sindjic , Kakar Mohit , Morini Francesco , Hall Nigel J. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction This article assesses (1) access to splenic embolization (SE), (2) indications for SE, and (3) post-embolization management in high-grade splenic trauma in children.
Materials and Methods An online questionnaire was sent in 2021 to all members of European Pediatric Surgeons' Association.
Results There were a total of 157 responses (50 countries, 83% academic hospitals). Among them, 68% have access to SE (SE) and 32% do not (nSE). For a hemodynamic stable patient with high-grade isolated splenic trauma without contrast extravasation (CE) on computed tomography (CT) scan, 99% SE and 95% nSE respondents use nonoperative management (NOM). In cases with CE, NOM decreases to 50% (p = 0.01) and 51% (p = 0.007) in SE and nSE centers, respectively. SE respondents report a significant reduction of NOM in stable patients with an associated spine injury requiring urgent surgery in prone position, both without and with CE (90 and 28%, respectively). For these respondents, in stable patients the association of a femur fracture only tends to decrease the NOM, both without and with CE (93 and 39%, respectively). There was no significant difference in NOM in group nSE with associated injuries with or without CE. After proximal SE with preserved spleen vascularization on ultrasound Doppler, 44% respondents prescribe antibiotics and/or immunizations.
Conclusion Two-thirds of respondents have access to SE. For SE respondents, SE is used even in stable patients when CE showed on initial CT scan and its use increased with the concomitant need for spinal surgery. There is currently a variation in the use of SE and antibiotics/immunizations following SE.
SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Kanduc Darja 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective At present, false negatives/positives have been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostics. Searching for the molecular basis of such tests' unreliability, this study aimed at defining how specific are the sequences used in serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect SARS-CoV-2.
Materials and Methods Analyses were performed on the leading SARS-CoV-2 biomarker spike glycoprotein (gp). Sharing of peptide sequences between the spike antigen and the human host was analyzed using the Peptide Search program from Uniprot database. Sharing of oligonucleotide sequences was investigated using the nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Results Two main points stand out: (1) a massive pentapeptide sharing exists between the spike gp and the human proteome, and only a limited number of pentapeptides (namely 107) identify SARS-CoV-2 spike gp as nonself when compared with the human proteome, and (2) the small phenetic difference practically disappears at the genetic level. Indeed, almost all of the 107 pentadecameric nucleotide sequences coding for the pentapeptides unique to SARS-CoV-2 spike gp are present in human nucleic acids too.
Conclusion The data are of immunological significance for defining the issue of the viral versus human specificity and likely explain the fact that false positives can occur in serological and PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
Cystic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Osama Md Ali , Mathayoth Meera , Agarwal Shilpi , Chatterjee Priti 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are typically solid neoplasms but in rare instances may present as cystic lesions. Preoperative diagnosis of a cystic pancreatic lesion is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. We hereby describe an elderly female who came with complaints of abdominal lump. Radiologically, it appeared to be a pancreatic hydatid cyst located at the head of the pancreas, following which resection was done. Histopathological study of the lesion turned out to be a cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Thus, we present this unique case due to its rarity and diagnostic challenge.
Antibiogram Pattern and Virulence Trait Characterization of Enterococcus Species Clinical Isolates in Eastern India: A Recent Analysis
Authors: Mohanty Srujana , Behera Bijayini 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective We aimed to evaluate the current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and characterize putative virulence traits among Enterococcus species isolates from various clinical specimens in view of their increased isolation rates in both community-related and serious nosocomial infections, as well as resistance to many antibiotics.Methods Study (April 2017–March 2018) included consecutive, nonrepeated, discrete, and clinically significant isolates of enterococci. Susceptibility testing included detection of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE). All screen-positive GRE isolates were investigated by polymerase chain reaction for species confirmation and presence of vanA/vanB genes. Virulence genes ace, asa1, cyt, efa, esp, gelE, and hyl were investigated by molecular methods. Hemolysin and biofilm production were studied using phenotypic methods.Results Of 111 isolates, 89 (80.1%), 16 (14.4%), and 6 (5.4%) were from urine, pus, and blood, respectively, consisting predominantly of E. faecalis (67, 60.4%) and E. faecium (32, 28.8%). E. hirae (5, 4.5%) was the predominant non-E. faecalis non-E. faecium isolate. Other species were E. durans (4, 3.6%), E. avium (2, 1.8%), and E. mundtii (1, 0.9%). Seven (6.3%) out of the 111 isolates were GRE, all vanA genotype. HLAR was observed in 70 (63.1%) isolates, significantly higher in E. faecium than E. faecalis (81.2 vs. 58.2%; p < 0.05). All were susceptible to daptomycin. Hemolysin activity and biofilm production were observed in 38 (34.2%) and 36 (32.4%) isolates. Most frequent virulence genes were efa (77, 69.4%), ace (71, 63.9%), asa1 (67, 60.3%), and gelE (66, 59.4%). There was a predominant association of esp and hyl genes with E. faecium and that of the other genes with E. faecalis.Conclusion The study will contribute to the existing limited data on virulence trait characterization of clinical E. spp. isolates in India. At the same time, it will help to serve as a guide in the choice of empirical therapy in enterococcal infections leading to favorable clinical outcomes by decreasing the clinical failure, microbiological persistence, and associated mortality, and will lead to future studies on controlling the spread of virulent and multiresistant isolates.
Parent-Reported Health-Related Quality of Life of Pediatric Burn Patients 5 to 7 Years after Burn Injuries: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Spronk Inge , Trommel Nicole , Baartmans Martin , Polinder Suzanne , van Baar Margriet ,   on behalf of the Burden of Burn Injuries Study Group
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Pediatric burns significantly impact the short-term health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children. Knowledge regarding the long-term impact is scarce. We therefore evaluated the parent-reported HRQL in pediatric burn patients 5 to 7 years after burns.
Methods We invited parents of eligible children admitted to a Dutch Burn Center between August 2011 and September 2012. This sample was enriched with children with severe burns (> 10% of total body surface area [TBSA] burned) admitted between January 2010 and March 2013. The EQ-5D was completed by parents 5 to 7 years postburn. Outcomes and predictive factors were studied and compared between children with minor/moderate and severe burns.
Results We included 130 children (mean TBSA burned 7%): 102 children with mild/intermediate burns and 28 with severe burns. Mean EQ-5D summary was 0.96 and EQ visual analogue scale (VAS) 93.1. These outcomes were significantly better in children with minor/moderate burns (0.97; 94.4) compared with children with severe burns (0.93; 88.3) (p < 0.05). Nineteen percent of the children with minor/moderate burns and 43% of those with severe burns reported any problems. The most frequently reported problem was anxiety/depression for both groups. Pain/discomfort (p = 0.012) and cognition (p = 0.035) were statistically significantly worse in children with severe burns compared with those with minor/moderate burns. Full thickness burns and number of surgeries were found to predict long-term HRQL impairment.
Conclusion Five to seven years postburn, the majority of children in our study (76%) did not experience long-term problems with HRQL. In a minority of the children, burns showed to have a prolonged negative impact, especially in those being severely burned and who had to undergo surgery for their burns. Most experienced problems were related to anxiety/depression. These important insights could be used to inform children and their parents about the expected long-term HRQL after pediatric burns.
QTQTN motif upstream of the furin-cleavage site plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis
Authors: Vu Michelle N. , Lokugamage Kumari G. , Plante Jessica A. , Scharton Dionna , Bailey Aaron O. , Sotcheff Stephanea , Swetnam Daniele M. , Johnson Bryan A. , Schindewolf Craig , Alvarado R. Elias , Crocquet-Valdes Patricia A. , Debbink Kari , Weaver Scott C. , Walker David H. , Russell William K. , Routh Andrew L. , Plante Kenneth S. , Menachery Vineet D. 
Published: July 2022

The furin cleavage site (FCS), an unusual feature in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, has been spotlighted as a factor key to facilitating infection and pathogenesis by increasing spike processing. Similarly, the QTQTN motif directly upstream of the FCS is also an unusual feature for group 2B coronaviruses (CoVs). The QTQTN deletion has consistently been observed in in vitro cultured virus stocks and some clinical isolates. To determine whether the QTQTN motif is critical to SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, we generated a mutant deleting the QTQTN motif (ΔQTQTN). Here, we report that the QTQTN deletion attenuates viral replication in respiratory cells in vitro and attenuates disease in vivo. The deletion results in a shortened, more rigid peptide loop that contains the FCS and is less accessible to host proteases, such as TMPRSS2. Thus, the deletion reduced the efficiency of spike processing and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, the QTQTN motif also contains residues that are glycosylated, and disruption of its glycosylation also attenuates virus replication in a TMPRSS2-dependent manner. Together, our results reveal that three aspects of the S1/S2 cleavage site—the FCS, loop length, and glycosylation—are required for efficient SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis.
Transport spectroscopy from Hubbard bands of dopant-induced quantum dot array to one-dimensional conduction subband
Authors: Zhang Xiaodi , Chen Jundong , Han Weihua , Ge Yandong , Guo Yangyan , Dong Xianzi , Duan Xuanming , Zheng Meiling , Yang Fuhua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Arrays of dopant-induced quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates as quantum bit platforms. We have achieved quantum transport spectroscopy of a junctionless silicon (Si) nanowire transistor with dual physical channels with a diameter of 10 nm fabricated by novel femtosecond laser projection exposure together with thermal oxidation. The spectroscopy demonstrates the evolution of the quantum transport process from Hubbard bands of dopant-induced QD array to one-dimensional (1D) conduction subbands. Eight pairs of current splitting peaks were observed at the initial stage of the drain current, representing the upper and lower Hubbard bands formed by the coupling of eight QDs. The current oscillation peaks in the 1D conduction subband elucidate the interference of reflected electron waves between the gate-defined barriers, which are proved by the mean wave vector interval matching the gate length. Our experimental results demonstrate the evolution of the quantum transport process in sub 10 nm dual Si channels with randomly doped dopant atoms, opening a new perspective for quantum states by dopant band engineering in Si nanoscale devices for scalable quantum computation.
Surface decontamination by atmospheric pressure plasma jet: key biological processes
Authors: Zhang Liyang , Zhang Dongheyu , Guo Yuntao , Zhou Qun , Luo Haiyun , Tie Jinfeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, surface decontamination of bacteria by argon atmospheric-pressure plasma jet was systematically studied. The chemical modifications and etching characteristics of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under direct plasma jet exposure were inspected by in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Etching rather than chemical modifications dominates the infrared spectral variations. The etching rate of bacteria is comparable to the cell wall constituents. By using the green fluorescence protein-expressing Escherichia coli, it is found that cellular envelope destruction by plasma etching is the main cause of bacterial inactivation. The tailing phenomenon of the survival curve is more pronounced when the initial bacterial density is higher than ∼1 × 107 CFU cm−2, indicating the limited penetration depth of reactive species into bacterial deposits. Finally, three dominant biological processes key to surface decontamination were put forward according to our results.
Emergence of dynamic contractile patterns in slime mold confined in a ring geometry
Authors: Busson Valentin , Saiseau Raphaël , Durand Marc 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coordination of cytoplasmic flows on large scales in space and time are at the root of many cellular processes, including growth, migration or division. These flows are driven by organized contractions of the actomyosin cortex. In order to elucidate the basic mechanisms at work in the self-organization of contractile activity, we investigate the dynamic patterns of cortex contraction in true slime mold Physarum polycephalum confined in ring-shaped chambers of controlled geometrical dimensions. We make an exhaustive inventory of the different stable contractile patterns in the absence of migration and growth. We show that the primary frequency of the oscillations is independent of the ring perimeter, while the wavelength scales linearly with it. We discuss the consistence of these results with the existing models, shedding light on the possible feedback mechanisms leading to coordinated contractile activity.
Study of thermoelectric performance and intrinsic defect of promising n-type half-Heusler FeGeW
Authors: Xu Yazhu , Sun Jianmin , Jian Miaomiao , Ye Xianfeng , Zhao Gaofeng , Feng Zhenzhen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Half-Heusler (HH) compounds are considered promising thermoelectric materials for high-temperature power generation due to their good electrical properties and thermal stability. Some new HHs with excellent thermoelectric properties are found to be p-type, the discovery of competitive n-type HH materials has been extremely challenging. Here, we report a new HH compound FeGeW through first-principles calculation, which exhibits a high ZT of 2.36 at 1000 K. Systematically studied its thermoelectric performance indicates that a large dispersion or small band effective mass of conduction band can efficiently improve the electrical conductivity of n-type FeGeW. From the calculated formation energy of intrinsic point defects, we find that positive charged Fe interstitial are found to be the dominant defect at Fe-rich/Ge-poor condition, which account for the n-type conduction. Moreover the transition levels of Fe interstitial defect is shallow, which means that this donor defect does not damage electrical conductivity and thermoelectric performance. These results not only find a new n-type HH compound FeGeW, but also are helpful for understanding the roles of point defects in FeGeW, which is expected to encourage more experimental and theoretical investigations to study this kind of n-type HH thermoelectric material and seek out strategies to optimize thermoelectric performance using intrinsic point defect.
2D gapless topological superfluids generated by pairing phases
Authors: Zhuang Jiapei , Huang Ching-Yu , Chang Po-Yao , Wang Daw-Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We systematically investigate the ground state phase diagram and the finite temperature phase transitions for a Rydberg-dressed Fermi gas loaded in a bilayer optical lattice. When an effective finite-ranged attraction is induced, our self-consistent mean-field calculation shows that the gapped topological (p-wave) superfluids in each layer are coupled together by the s-wave pairing in an intermediate inter-layer distance with a spontaneously modulated phases between these two order parameters. The obtained ground state is a gapless topological superfluid with quantized topological charges characterizing the gapless points, leading to a zero energy flat band at the edges. Finally, we calculate the finite temperature phase diagrams of this two-dimensional gapless superfluid and observe two distinct critical temperatures, demonstrating the fruitful many-body effects on a paired topological superfluids.
Development of a novel dynamic torque generation machine based on the principle of a Kibble balance
Authors: Hamaji Misaki , Nishino Atsuhiro , Ogushi Koji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel dynamic torque generator based on the principle of a Kibble balance. A generator is developed to dynamically calibrate torque-measuring devices (TMDs) for the measurement of dynamic torque. Unlike conventional gravity-based deadweight torque standards, this method uses electromagnetic force to generate a dynamic torque traceable to the International System of Units. Dynamic torque is generated by dynamically changing the electric current supplied to the coil. Consequently, dynamic torque is generated up to 100 Hz. Furthermore, a system is developed to simultaneously measure the electric current and output of a TMD to verify the evaluation method of the dynamic characteristics of the TMD.
Defects engineering on CrOOH by Ni doping for boosting electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Jinxiu , Tian Liang , Liang Huixin , Du Bing , Li Yuyang , Wei Qin , Wu Dan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The design and construction of active centres are key to exploring advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, we demonstrate the in situ construction of point defects on CrOOH by Ni doping (Ni-CrOOH/NF). Compared with pure CrOOH/NF, Ni-CrOOH/NF showed enhanced OER activity. The effect of the amount of Ni introduced on the OER performance was investigated. Ni0.2-CrOOH/NF, the best introduction of Ni, uses a low overpotential of 253 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2 with a high turnover frequency of 0.27 s–1 in 1.0 M NaOH. In addition, the electrocatalytic performance of Ni0.2-CrOOH/NF showed little deterioration after 1000-cycle cyclic voltammetry scanning. In the potentiostatic test, activity was stable for at least 20 h.