bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microbial Contamination of Toothbrushes and Their Decontamination Using Various Disinfectants
Authors: Joy Tom , Venugopal Sanjay , Sadanandan Sowmya , Mathew Melvin 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Toothbrush often gets contaminated with use and also during storage. Although many toothbrush disinfection methods are mentioned in the past literature. To date there no absolute consensus on the topic.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination of toothbrushes and their decontamination using various disinfectants.

Subjects and Methods:
Anin vitrostudy was carried out on 80 subjects with a gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) score of two or three received toothbrush and paste with complete oral hygiene instructions. After 1 month, toothbrushes were collected and checked for microbial contamination by aerobic culture. Toothbrushes were divided into four groups (n = 20) and treated with one of the following agents: Group A – 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, Group B – Listerine, Group C – Dettol, and Group D – tap water for 1 h. After an hour, the brushes were further cultured to evaluate the efficacy of each agent. Statistical procedures were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16 software. Inferential statistics were performed using Chi-square analysis.P< 0.05 was set as statistically significant.

Results:
All the sampled toothbrushes had significant (P < 0.001) bacterial growth after 1 month of use. Most of the brushes were contaminated with Escherichia coli(17.1%). All the tested disinfectants significantly (P < 0.001) reduced bacterial growth and Dettol showed maximum effectiveness (95.3%).

Conclusions:
Toothbrushes significantly get contaminated after use, which is reduced after disinfecting the brushes. Although not 100% effective, all the disinfectants significantly reduced the bacteria, and Dettol was found to be comparatively better than other agents.
Dentists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Professional Behavior Regarding Silver Diamine Fluoride
Authors: Mehlawat Jiksha , Marya Charu Mohan , Nagpal Ruchi , Kataria Sakshi , Taneja Pratibha 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Dental caries is a major public health problem and is handled through either treatment or prevention. Unlike other fluoride-based caries preventive agents, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can simultaneously prevent and arrest coronal and root dentine caries.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess dentists' educational experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior regarding SDF use for caries prevention.

Methodology:
For the cross-sectional survey, a prevalidated questionnaire comprising of 33 questions was being prepared through the Google survey tool of Gmail and was sent to 200 dentists in North India region through Whatsapp groups of different communities or specialties. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 16.

Results:
The response rate of 63.5% was received from 200 dentists, among which 28.8% were general practitioners and 35.2% were both academic and clinical practitioners. Only 5.6% respondents came up having been very well educated about SDF during Bachelors in Dental Surgery and Master of Dental Surgery in the classroom setting and 3.2% in the clinical setting. There were 14.4% participants who reported that they knew very well about what SDF is used for in dentistry, and 9.6% knew how SDF is used for treatment of tooth hypersensitivity, 24.8% knew how SDF is used to treat dental caries. The attitudes of the dentists toward SDF were positive. SDF use was considered a good treatment alternative for restorations in children with behavioral problems (17.6%), for patients who were medically fragile (12%) or had severe dental anxiety (19%) and strongly agreed to it.

Conclusion:
Results suggested that the majority of respondents were lacking in knowledge regarding usage of SDF in dentistry.
Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio Dan Non Performing Financing Terhadap Return Bagi Hasil Deposito Mudharabah Bank Umum Syariah
Authors: Syera Inda Arfa , Affiah Hajar 
Published: June 2022

Tujuan khusus penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio, dan Non Performing Financing terhadap return bagi hasil deposito Bank Umum Syariah. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang berbentuk time series yang berasal dari website Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Populasinya adalah data bulanan dari bulan Januari 2016 sampai periode Desember 2019 sedangkan sampelnya adalah data tahunan dari tahun 2016 sampai tahun 2019. Analisis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu regresi linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas heteroskedastisitas dan uji autokorelasi), dan uji statistik (koefisien determinasi (R2), uji F statistik, dan uji t statistik). Hasil penelitian ini adalah maka variabel capital adequacy ratio dan non performing financing berpengaruh signifikan secara bersama-sama (simultan) terhadap variabel return bagi hasil deposito mudharabah Bank Umum Syariah.
NEURAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODELS IN PREDICTING ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Bundala Ntogwa 
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to examine the environmental psychological impact on economic growth. Specifically, the study explored how individuals’ choices/selections influence the trade-offs of economic growth and environmental quality. The cross-sectional survey data were randomly sampled from 211 individuals in two regions in Tanzania. The data analysed by using neural network analysis and Gaussian Mixture models. This study found that the environment has a negative impact on economic growth. The study concluded that the nature of the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality is preliminary (fundamentally) determined by both levels of income (economic growth) and environmental psychological well-being of the individual imposed by the available environmental instruments such as policies and regulations. The study recommended that to achieve both environmental quality and economic growth; the government and other stakeholders should design and implement the environmental instruments that maximise the environmental psychological well-being of the individual.
Keywords: Environmental Psychological Impacts, Economic Growth, Neural Network Analysis and Gaussian Mixture Models.
The Inevitable Legetimacy Of The Moroccan Sovereignty Over The Western (Moroccan) Sahara
Authors: ZNIOI Fatima Zahra 
Published: June 2022

This article sheds light on the Moroccan-Algerian conflict over Western Sahara that has been a perplexed conflict for decades. This issue has caused a big concern in security matters not only in the Maghreb region but also worldwide. Many attempts were initiated to solve this problem by the UN and some European states, yet, in vain. The issue's complexity derives from the long-lasting clash of positions between Morocco and Algeria that concerns the legitimate sovereignty since the decolonization of Western Sahara from Spain in 1975. Consequently, this has made the conflict frozen. The recent consistent and continuous admissions of many European and Arab states have been and still make an immense frustration and disappointment to the neighboring country, Algeria, the biggest supporter of the self-determination plan for the Sahrawi people, and the independence of the Polisario front. Accordingly, this article will be an evaluation of the motivations behind the support Morocco has been receiving from other states and the various positions surrounding the conflict and provides a discussion on the parties involved in this conflict. The significance of this research lies in its ambitious attempt to prove the inevitable Moroccaness of the Western Sahara based on the latest updates on the case. It also proves that the international recognition is just a matter of time which automatically signifies the probability of eternal enmity between Morocco and Algeria.
The Concentration and Sublimation of Time as Memory in Louise Glück's Poetry
Authors: Tomoiagă Ligia 
Published: June 2022

The preoccupation with the mythical time of the world, of humanity, and of each individual's life comes as one of the most powerful poetic tools in Louise Glück's poems. From evoking the foundational times of the Garden of Eden, or the "immutable" hard nut represented by Greek mythology, the poet concentrates whatever may suggest an evolution in time in those initial 'moments'. Her reading of the history of human soul seems to suggest that everything stopped with the first page, or the first words. This study will come with many suggestions of poems that support this vision on Glück's use of memory or anamnesis (ἀνάμνησις) as the only path to understanding humanity.
Effects of smartphone addiction on sitting neck posture & hand discomfort
Authors: Ojha Rani , Sindhu Bijender , Sen Siddhartha 
Published: June 2022

Background: The expanding number of Smartphone users, on the other hand, has sparked concerns about the impact of smartphones on human health and life. Neck posture, particularly in a sitting position, is regarded an essential contributing factor to the development and long-term maintenance of neck pain and headache. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to see how smartphone addiction affected on sitting neck posture, along with hand discomfort among university students in the SGT age group (18 to 25). Method: The current study was conducted at SGT University, where 150 students from various professions were chosen at random basis from the age group of 18 to 25 years old with both men and women. The study included those who used their smartphones for more than 4 hours every day. The abbreviated version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale was used to determine the extent of smartphone addiction. The Cornell hand discomfort questionnaire was used to assess hand discomfort, and the sitting neck posture (neck flexion, craniocervical angle, and cervicaothoric angle) was assessed using the photographic method. Result: According to the findings of this study, many SGT university students are addicted to using their smartphones.
ASPECTOS POLÍTICOS DA TEORIA DE FLÁVIO VILLAÇA: O PROGRESSISMO URBANÍSTICO EM TEMPOS DE ABERTURA DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: De Campos Andrade Lamparelli Júlio 
Published: June 2022

Ainda que de modo nem sempre imediato, as reflexões de Flávio Villaça sobre as cidades brasileiras guardam certa relação com o ambiente político de seu tempo – sobretudo o tempo histórico que se inicia a partir da abertura democrática. Levando em conta os aspectos teóricos de sua obra, como fossem subjacentes aos escritos mais políticos sobre o Planejamento Urbano no Brasil, pode-se dizer que as reflexões do autor se orientam, como um todo, para o seguinte lema: distribuir de modo menos desigual as mercadorias-localização. A teoria soma-se, então, àquilo que estamos chamando de “progressismo urbanístico”: o campo de forças que se abriu no planejamento urbano brasileiro, em especial nas prefeituras de esquerda daquele fim de século, com destaque para a experiência paulista de 1989-92. Tais experiências podem ser aqui entendidas como uma tentativa de politizar os instrumentos de mercado, combinando, grosso modo, a seguinte estrutura: a criação de fundos públicos angariados mediante captura de recursos imobiliários, destinados de modo geral à democratização do mercado habitacional. A formação de um complexo “teoria e prática” revela, por sua vez, que pensamento e política corriam sob os mesmos trilhos: combater a injustiça social por meio dos mecanismos de mercado. Em se tratando de uma teoria marxista – a de Villaça, no caso – não é de se surpreender que os impasses que a prática encontrará ao longo da Nova República estivessem, via de regra, antecipados por paradoxos teóricos no interior da obra do autor.
CARTOGRAFIA MORFOLÓGICA DO RELEVO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PELOTAS (RS)
Authors: Rehbein Moisés Ortemar , Da Silva Anderson Rodrigo Estevam , Dutra Danilo Da Silva 
Published: June 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir dados morfométricos, morfográficos e apresentar cartografia morfológica da área do município de Pelotas (RS) e, desse modo, disponibilizar bases para investigações morfogenéticas e morfodinâmicas do relevo. A pesquisa se desenvolve a partir de revisão bibliográfica, incursões de campo e sobreposições de planos de informações de anaglifos de fotografias aéreas, geologia, pedologia, hidrografia, modelo sombreado, clinografia, hipsometria, cobertura e uso da terra, elementos topográficos (divisores d’água e rupturas de inclinação) e áreas de influências de sistemas fluviais, lacustre e lagunar. O modelado de Pelotas possui cotas que variam de 1 a 398 m de altitudes, distribuidas em oito padrões morfológicos de relevo: planicies (predominantemente, com atitudes entre 1 a 4 m, declividades menores que 3 % e área de 307 km²); três níveis de terraços (5 a 29 m, > 3 %, 400 km²); planicies alveolares (30 a 59 m, > 3 %, 57 km²); Colinas (30 a 59 m, 3 a 7 %, 99 km²); Morros (90 a 269 m, 8 a 19 %, 632 km²) e Morrotes (90 a 149 m, 8 a 19 %, 114 km²). A cartografia morfológica do relevo constitui plano de informação fundamental para o mapeamento geomorfológico de Pelotas.
Sistem Informasi Pengendalian Kas Bank Dengan Metode Rekonsiliasi Pada CV. Lisa Pratama Berbasis Client-Server
Authors: Sudirman Bagus , Tristianti Mawada 
Published: June 2022

Bank reconciliation is one of the ways that companies do as a form of internal company control. CV Lisa Pratama in the company's internal control has not carried out a bank reconciliation. The methods used in this research are interviews, observation and literature, while the bank reconciliation method is used as a method of solving existing problems, the research method uses the research and development method of R&D (Research and Development) and the system development method uses the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method. . For internal control, the company uses bank reconciliation. Based on the evaluation, it can be concluded that the CV. Lisa Pratama has not conducted bank reconciliation every month. Bank reconciliation aims to match company balances with bank checking accounts so that the company knows the causes of differences in balances such as bank interest income transactions and bank administration fees which are only known to the bank which is not yet known by the company and vice versa. The benefit of reconciliation for the company is as an internal control for bank cash receipts and payments.
Penerapan Aplikasi Microsoft Mathematics pada Pembelajaran Matematika bagi Siswa SMKS-9 Muhammadiyah Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Qurniati Nofi , Prahasti Prahasti 
Published: June 2022

This research is conducted based on observation that learning about mathematics in the class is always use convensional method. This research is sopposed to know learning outcomes in the application of learning Microsoft Mathematics application student SMKS - 9 Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. The methodology that is use in the research is Eksperimen Design with Randomized Control Group Only Design. The sample of this research is 81 student. Sample class is XI-2 and kelas XI-1 as an eksperimen class and control class. The data obtained were analyzed using thr t-test. Based on the result of the study, The average value of student understanding of learning outcomes by Microsoft Mathematics is 60,83 , while the conventional learning model is 48,29, value t = 2,67 and t = 1,65
Implementasi Aplikasi Dude Sebagai Network Management SMKN1 Gunung Guruh dengan Notifikasi Telegram
Authors: Supandi Supandi , Hermanto Hermanto 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The development of information technology and especially networks is very rapid. Therefore, it is demanded to have a network system that can monitor the network quickly. Where an admin can quickly find out the network problem is on or off. This research was conducted to monitor the internet network at SMKN 1 Gunungguruh by means of display forms and information in the form of telegram notification messages about network conditions being monitored and sending data real-time to the administrator. With the hope that administrators can quickly handle network problems at SMKN 1 Gunungguruh. The results of the study show that network monitoring using the dude application with telegram notifications can be done in real time and an administrator can quickly find out network problems that occur.
Analisis Faktor Hambatan Penerapan E-Government Kelurahan Kedungwuluh Menggunakan Framework Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE)
Authors: Nurmalasari Eza , Susanto Irwan , Kristiyanto Daniel Yeri 
Published: June 2022

Kedungwuluh Village is a Government service unit at the smallest level. This study analyzes the barriers to implementing e-Government, focusing on the use of the Kedungwuluh village website. This study uses a Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) approach. While the ease of technology for the community and public knowledge about the village website have a low score so that it becomes an obstacle in implementing the implementation of the Kedungwuluh Village website. The results of this study indicate that technology readiness, technological convenience for the government, technology benefits, leadership commitment, human resource readiness have good scores While the ease of technology for the community and public knowledge about the village website have a low score so that it becomes an obstacle in implementing the implementation of the Kedungwuluh Village website. Recommendations to help the Kedungwuluh Village Government are by conducting periodic socialization and educate to the community so that people understand the use of the Kedungwuluh Village website.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Bebas Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Dasar Menggunakan Aplikasi Microsoft Excel 2010
Authors: Qurniati Nia Nofi , Fredricka Jhoanne , Prahasti Prahasti 
Published: June 2022

This research is conducted based on observation that learning about mathematics in the class is always use convensional method. This research is sopposed to know learning achievement in the free Inquiry learning model with Microsoft Excel 2010 application student SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Bengkulu. The methodology that is use classroom action research, 1. The application of the free inquiry learning model using the Microsoft Excel 2010 application can improve student achievement in mathematics, 1. The application of the free inquiry learning model using the Microsoft Excel 2010 application can improve student and effective in improving student achievement. The results obtained from the pre-test to the post-test in each cycle from the t-test results in each cycle showed that there was a significant difference in student achievement after the application of the free inquiry learning model using the Microsoft Excel 2010 application.
IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT KISII TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Arasa Mary 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Human resource management functions involve the management and development of people in organizations, formulation and implementation of human resource practices and policies. The aim of this study was to establish challenges facing the human resource management practices at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital.
Design/ Methodology/Approach: The methodology employed in this research was a case study design. The tool used was an interview guide. Respondents were drawn from the human resource department and two line managers were interviewed. The interviews were well versed with the human resource management function and had knowledge and understanding of Kisii Referral Hospital's operations.
Findings: Results from the study established that human resource managers at Kisii Referral Hospital experience challenges of policies and procedures that curtail recruitment such as delayed information from line managers on staffing requirements for departments.
Contribution to policy and practice: the study is of importance to the management of Kisii Teaching and Referral, and the government. It will help the hospital's management in managing its human resources and also aid in addressing the myriad challenges facing the human resource managers.
Originality/Value: The study extends the literature on human resource management.
Amerikaanse perspectieven over onderhandelen en bemiddelen
Authors: Verbeke Alain-Laurent 
Published: June 2022

The cradle of problemsolving negotiation and mediation lies in the USA
Hence it is always interesting to look across the ocean to enrich our thinking and practice in ADR with some fresh insights and perspectives from the USA. As an add-on to my book on Constructive conflict and dispute management (Constructief omgaan met conflicten en geschillen. Inleiding in probleemoplossend onderhandelen en bemiddelen, A.-L. Verbeke & G. Vervaeke, Boomjuridisch Antwerpen 2022, 173 p.; also published in TMD 2021 (25) 2, 14-149), I have requested three American good friends and colleagues of eminent standing in the field, to give a brief reflection on video on a topic of each one of the three chapters of the book. You can watch these interesting perspectives via the QR codes in this article.
In the first clip, related to the first chapter on communication, Professor of Practice at Harvard Law School Sheila Heen comments on some aspects of "Difficult Conversations", the best-selling book of which she is a co-author. On the second chapter on negotiation, we focus on the complex question when to negotiate, when to fight when your opposing party feels like a demon. Professor Robert H. Mnookin, author of the best-selling book "Bargaining with the Devil", is our expert guide in the second clip. He is the Williston Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, Director of the Harvard Negotiation Research Project and Emeritus Chair of PON, the famous Program On Negotiation at Harvard Law School. We conclude with comments on the third chapter on mediation, in the third video clip presented by Professor Carrie Menkel-Meadow, who is the Distinguished and Chancellor's Professor of Law at UC Irvine and Emerita A.B. Chettle, Jr. Professor of Dispute Resolution and Civil Procedure at Georgetown University Law Center.
Relación entre la actividad física moderada y el estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Cárdenas Calero Byron 
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación la relación que existe entre la actividad física moderada y el estrés académico. La metodología fue no experimental del nivel descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta con un banco de preguntas validado a través de un juicio de cinco expertos su confiabilidad fue por medio del programa SPSS dando un alfa de Cronbach de 0.95. El instrumento fue enviado por Google Forms a 33 estudiantes universitarios pertenecientes a el octavo semestre de la Carrera Pedagogía en Actividad Física y Deporte. Los resultados indicaron que sí existe una relación significativa entre la actividad física y el estrés académico, por lo que los estudiantes suelen eliminar el estrés cuando realizan algún tipo de actividad física moderada. Como conclusión. se manifiesta que al realizar actividad física puede mejorar los aspectos cognitivos de los estudiantes, como su concentración, mejorando su aprendizaje al eliminarse el estrés académico.