bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“In‐Out‐In” Percutaneous Reduction Technique for Treatment of Valgus‐Impacted Femoral Neck Fractures: A Technical Trick and Case Series
Authors: Yu Tianming , Liu Jianlei , Ying Jichong , Zhuang Yunqiang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveValgus‐impacted femoral neck fractures with or without posterior tilt of the femoral head are very common and full of pitfalls in clinical practice, which may lead to femoral neck shortening (FNS) and avascular necrosis (AVN). The study tries to introduce a novel technical trick aiming at anatomical reduction of valgus‐impacted femoral neck fracture with minimally invasive procedure, and summarize the clinical prognosis in case series.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 24 patients (seven men and 17 women) with valgus‐impacted femoral neck fractures between May 2017 and July 2020 were managed by “in‐out‐in” percutaneous reduction technique (percutaneous reduction group). Another 24 cases (10 men and 14 women) suffering the fractures underwent in situ fixation were enrolled as control group for function comparison (in situ fixation group). All patients were followed up for 24–42 months. The clinical outcomes included complications after operations (χ2 test) and Harris Hip Score (HHS) for hip function (unpaired t test) in the two groups. The radiographic outcomes were evaluated by collodiaphyseal angle, posterior tilt angle, and FNS before the operation and during the follow‐up in the percutaneous reduction group (unpaired t test).ResultsPatients' preoperative data, including age, sex, affected side, fracture types, and medical history, were similar between the two groups, respectively (p > 0.05). After surgery, the mean HHS at 6, 12, and 24 months were all better in the percutaneous reduction group (76 ± 6.72, 85.34 ± 6.33 and 90.54 ± 5.81) than that in the in situ fixation group (70.86 ± 6.91, 80 ± 6.11 and 84.1 ± 7.82), respectively (p < 0.05). One patient suffered fixation failure with screws retreat and one patient suffered AVN in the percutaneous reduction group. In the in situ fixation group, AVN occurred in two patients at last follow‐up. There was no significant difference in complication amounts between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the percutaneous reduction group, collodiaphyseal angle, posterior tilt angle, and amount of FNS were significantly different between preoperative cases and immediately postoperative cases (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference of the measurements among postoperative cases at different time points (within 24 h, 6 months, and 2 years postoperatively) (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur experience of the technique and the case series show that “in‐out‐in” percutaneous reduction technique for treatment of valgus‐impacted femoral neck fracture with or without posterior tilt of the femoral head is safe and effective for achieving successful bone union and satisfactory function.
GmEIL4 enhances soybean (Glycine max) phosphorus efficiency by improving root system development
Authors: Yang Yuming , Wang Ruiyang , Wang Li , Cui Ruifan , Zhang Hengyou , Che Zhijun , Hu Dandan , Chu Shanshan , Jiao Yongqing , Yu Deyue , Zhang Dan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) deficiency seriously affects plant growth and development and ultimately limits the quality and yield of crops. Here, a new P efficiency‐related major quantitative trait locus gene, GmEIL4 (encoding an ethylene‐insensitive 3‐like 1 protein), was cloned at qP2, which was identified by linkage analysis and genome‐wide association study across four environments. Overexpressing GmEIL4 significantly improved the P uptake efficiency by increasing the number, length and surface area of lateral roots of hairy roots in transgenic soybeans, while interfering with GmEIL4 resulted in poor root phenotypic characteristics compared with the control plants under low P conditions. Interestingly, we found that GmEIL4 interacted with EIN3‐binding F box protein 1 (GmEBF1), which may regulate the root response to low P stress. We conclude that the expression of GmEIL4 was induced by low‐P stress and that overexpressing GmEIL4 improved P accumulation by regulating root elongation and architecture. Analysis of allele variation of GmEIL4 in 894 soybean accessions suggested that GmEIL4 is undergoing artificial selection during soybean evolution, which will benefit soybean production. Together, this study further elucidates how plants respond to low P stress by modifying root structure and provides insight into the great potential of GmEIL4 in crop P‐efficient breeding.
Microscope studies of symptomless growth of Botrytis cinerea in Lactuca sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Emmanuel Christy J. , Schoonbeek Henk‐Jan , Shaw Michael W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe grey mould pathogen Botrytis cinerea forms systemic associations in some hosts, spreading into plant organs produced a considerable time after initial infection. These infections may have no macroscopic symptoms during much of the hosts' lifetime and are at least partially within the host tissue. The aim of the studies reported here was to locate and visualize these infections at a cellular level in Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Symptomless but infected plants were produced by dry spore inoculation of plants growing in conditions previously shown to result in fungal spread from the initial inoculation site to newly developing plant organs. Tissue taken from inoculated plants was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two B. cinerea isolates were used: B05.10 and its GFP‐labelled derivative Bcgfp1‐3. Spore germination on leaf surfaces was followed by development of subcuticular inclusions and plant cell damage in single infected epidermal cells and sometimes a few nearby cells. Sparsely branched long hyphae arose and spread from the inclusions, mostly on the outer surface of the epidermal layer but occasionally below the cuticle or epidermal cells, where further inclusions formed. This was consistent with the pattern in time of recovery of B. cinerea from surface‐sterilized leaf tissue. In the late symptomless phase, mycelium arising from internal fungal inclusions formed mycelial networks on the surface of leaves. Symptomless exterior mycelium grew on the roots in A. thaliana.
Analysis of insurers' performance using frontier efficiency and productivity methods. The great contributions by David Cummins and Mary Weiss
Authors: Rubio‐Misas María 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article provides an in‐depth analysis of the great contributions by J. David Cummins and Mary A. Weiss to research on insurers' performance using frontier efficiency and productivity methods. Twenty‐nine empirical papers are surveyed as well as a book chapter that gives foundations and a guide in using methodology and defining outputs and inputs. Both econometric and non‐parametric approaches have been used to estimate frontiers in these analyses, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) being the most frequently used method. A modified version of the value‐added approach has normally been used to define outputs and inputs. The majority of their studies focus on the United States, but they have also conducted analyses on other countries (Germany, Italy, and Spain) as well as on intercountry samples (mainly European countries but also Islamic countries). Their empirical papers in this strand of literature have been grouped into 11 different application areas where the main analyzed issues and/or hypotheses tested as well as the principal findings have been discussed. Their contributions to this field have received great attention in literature to the point that the leading paper in almost all of these application areas is one conducted by Cummins and/or Weiss.
The Effect of Family Planning Counseling on Incident Pregnancy in Nepal
Authors: Guo Muqi , Huber‐Krum Sarah , Shah Iqbal , Canning David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn intervention aimed at institutionalizing postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) services was introduced in Nepal between 2015 and 2019. The intervention was evaluated using a cluster‐randomized stepped‐wedge trial, with data on women being collected immediately after delivery and at one‐ and two‐year postpartum follow‐ups. The sample consists of 19,155 women. We used intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis and structural equation model (SEM) to investigate how the intervention affected the occurrence of a new pregnancy (incident pregnancy). The ITT analysis showed that women in the intervention group had a reduced probability, –0.7 percentage points (95 percent CI: –3.0, 1.4), of having an incident pregnancy compared to women in the control group. The SEM analysis showed that the intervention increased the probability of receiving antenatal family planning counseling and PPIUD‐specific counseling by 22.2 percentage points (95 percent CI: 20.0, 24.4) and 26.5 percentage points (95 percent CI: 24.8, 28.3), respectively. The intervention had an unintended spillover effect, increasing the probability of receiving postnatal family planning counseling by 11.4 percentage points (95 percent CI: 7.3, 15.5). In the SEM, we find the expected impact of the intervention on increased counseling and induced effects on contraceptive method initiation, lowering the probability of an incident pregnancy by 0.3 percentage points (95 percent CI: –0.5, –0.1).
Numerical Investigation of the Intercooler Performance of Aircraft Piston Engines Under the Influence of High Altitude and Cruise Mode
Authors: Sun Meiyao , Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Multistage supercharging is an effective way to solve the problems of low volumetric efficiency and combustion deterioration of piston engines under high altitude conditions. As a critical component of the supercharger system, the high-altitude intercooler performance is challenged to meet the heavy heat load caused by the large boosting ratio. The purpose of this study was to add more knowledge on the high-altitude intercooler performance to the limited existing studies. The intercooler experimental tests were conducted in a high-altitude simulation system, allowing for simultaneous pressure and temperature reductions. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated against experimental results to investigate the intercooler performance, including the heat exchange and pressure drop characteristics. The results indicated that the atmospheric conditions and cruising speed significantly affected the intercooler performance. For example, the weighting of the effects of the temperature difference and air density on heat exchange performance varied with altitude. The altitude of 11 km was the turning point of the heat transfer rate because it is the junction of the troposphere and stratosphere. Based on this finding, this study further investigated whether a higher cruise speed could compensate for heat transfer deterioration with increasing altitude, more consistent with actual flight conditions. The simulation results showed that the variation of cruise speed directly affected the effectiveness of the heat exchanger, resulting in a different trend with altitude. Furthermore, the heat exchange of the intercooler fluctuated less with altitude under variable speed conditions. Overall, these findings support more fundamental research on high-altitude intercoolers, which may benefit the design and optimization of high-altitude engines and turbocharged systems.
Short-Time Creep Deformation of the Coarse-Grained Nickel-Base Alloy 247 and Its Implications on the High-Cycle Fatigue Behavior
Authors: Jordan Oliver , Lion Philipp , Beck Tilmann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cast polycrystalline nickel-base superalloys are typically used for critical high temperature aerospace and automotive components, such as turbine blades or turbocharger wheels. These high temperature components can undergo creep damage caused by, e.g., centrifugal forces on the turbine rotor blades, as well as high-cycle fatigue (HCF) from, for instance, vibrations of the rotor blade. Therefore, both, creep resistance and fatigue strength are important mechanical properties of these materials. The study presented here addresses the introduction of creep damage and its influence on the high-cycle fatigue behavior. For this purpose, fatigue specimens of coarse-grained Alloy 247 LC CC blade root material were prestressed on a pneumatic creep test rig to achieve creep-induced microstructural damage. The isothermal 900 °C short-time creep investigations below 1000 h test duration were performed at different tensile stresses which result in different strain rates. After the creep tests, scanning electron- and optical microscopy investigations of metallographic cross section of selected specimens were performed to determine the creep-induced grain boundary damage such as pore count, pore size, and coarsening of the γ' structure. This was followed by uniaxial, stress-controlled isothermal 850 °C high cycle fatigue tests on undamaged and predamaged specimens at a frequency of 10 Hz and a load ratio of R = −1. Subsequently, fractographic and cross section investigations, which provide information on the fatigue cracking, the failure initiating defects, and the pore morphology, were performed. The results of this study show that the degree of creep induced porosity is a dominant structural parameter for the HCF behavior of the investigated nickel-base superalloy.
Smooth Crack Band Model—A Computational Paragon Based on Unorthodox Continuum Homogenization
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Bažant Zdeněk P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The crack band model, which was shown to provide a superior computational representation of fracture of quasibrittle materials (in this journal, May 2022), still suffers from three limitations: (1) The material damage is forced to be uniform across a one-element wide band because of unrestricted strain localization instability; (2) the width of the fracture process zone is fixed as the width of a single element; and (3) cracks inclined to rectangular mesh lines are represented by a rough zig-zag damage band. Presented is a generalization that overcomes all three, by enforcing a variable multi-element width of the crack band front controlled by a material characteristic length l0. This is achieved by introducing a homogenized localization energy density that increases, after a certain threshold, as a function of an invariant of the third-order tensor of second gradient of the displacement vector, called the sprain tensorη, representing (in isotropic materials) the magnitude of its Laplacian (not expressible as a strain-gradient tensor). The continuum free energy density must be augmented by additional sprain energy Φ(l0η), which affects only the postpeak softening damage. In finite element discretization, the localization resistance is effected by applying triplets of self-equilibrated in-plane nodal forces, which follow as partial derivatives of Φ(l0η). The force triplets enforce a variable multi-element crack band width. The damage distribution across the fracture process zone is non-uniform but smoothed. The standard boundary conditions of the finite element method apply. Numerical simulations document that the crack band propagates through regular rectangular meshes with virtually no directional bias.
Factors associated with institutional delivery among mothers who gave birth within 1 year prior to the study at Gilgelbelles town, Northwest Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Tarik Yaregal Dessalew , Nigussie Azezu Asres , Balcha Wondu Feyisa , Getu Almaz Aklilu 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess factors associated with institutional delivery among mothers who had delivered within 1 year prior to the study at Gilgelbelles town, Northwest, Ethiopia.DesignA community-based mixed-methods study was conducted from 1 February 2020 to 2 March 2020.SettingThis study was conducted at Gilgelbelles town, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsIncluded 422 mothers who delivered 1 year prior to the study at Gilgelbelles town.Outcome measuresUtilisation of institutional delivery and factors associated with institutional delivery.MethodsThe quantitative data were collected by the simple random sampling technique, entered into Epi data V.3.1, and analysed using SPSS V.23.0. The qualitative data were collected by using in-depth interviews and thematic analysis was done manually to supplement the quantitative result.ResultsIn this study, 39.6% (95% CI=34.8 to 44.3) of mothers were given childbirth at the health facility. In multivariable analysis maternal age group of 15–20 years, secondary and above educational level, good knowledge on danger signs of obstetric, antenatal care visits, good awareness of birth preparedness and complications readiness plan, getting married after the age of 18 years, faced at least one complication during pregnancy, less than two children, travelled <30 min to reach a nearby health facility, having decision making power and not practised traditional malpractice during labour were significantly associated with institutional delivery. The qualitative result shows that cultural factors of the society and the lack of adequate delivery material in the health facility were identified as the major reason for the low utilisation of institutional delivery services.ConclusionThis study showed that the proportion of institutional delivery was low. Sociodemographic, reproductive and knowledge-related factors were associated with institutional delivery. This indicates a need of taking appropriate interventions by integrating other stakeholders to increase the utilisation of institutional delivery services.
Interventions to improve the quality of screening-related colonoscopy: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Khan Rishad , Vaska Marcus , Ruan Yibing , Bansal Rishi , Gimpaya Nikko , Scaffidi Michael A , Brenner Darren , Leontiadis G I , Grover Samir C , Forbes Nauzer 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionColonoscopy quality can vary depending on endoscopist-related factors. Quality indicators, such as adenoma detection rate (ADR), have been adopted to reduce variations in care. Several interventions aim to improve ADR, but these fall into several domains that have traditionally been difficult to compare. We will conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacies of interventions to improve colonoscopy quality and report our findings according to clinically relevant interventional domains.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and Evidence-Based Medicine from inception to September 2022. Four reviewers will screen for eligibility and abstract data in parallel, with two accordant entries establishing agreement and with any discrepancies resolved by consensus. The primary outcome will be ADR. Two authors will independently conduct risk of bias assessments. The analyses of the network will be conducted under a Bayesian random-effects model using Markov-chain Monte-Carlo simulation, with 10 000 burn-ins and 100 000 iterations. We will calculate the ORs and corresponding 95% credible intervals of network estimates with a consistency model. We will report the impact of specific interventions within each domain against standard colonoscopy. We will perform a Bayesian random-effects pairwise meta-analysis to assess heterogeneity based on the I2statistic. We will assess the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework for network meta-analyses.Ethics and disseminationOur study does not require research ethics approval given the lack of patient-specific data being collected. The results will be disseminated at national and international gastroenterology conferences and peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021291814.
Time-varying risk of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Swedish long-term care facility residents: a matched cohort study
Authors: Ballin Marcel , Ioannidis John P , Bergman Jonathan , Kivipelto Miia , Nordström Anna , Nordström Peter 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities is associated with higher mortality after the acute phase of infection, and to estimate survival in uninfected residents.DesignExtended follow-up of a previous, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study based on the Swedish Senior Alert register.SettingLTC facilities in Sweden.Participantsn=3604 LTC residents with documented SARS-CoV-2 until 15 September 2020 matched to 3604 uninfected controls using time-dependent propensity scores on age, sex, health status, comorbidities, prescription medications, geographical region and Senior Alert registration time. In a secondary analysis (n=3731 in each group), geographical region and Senior Alert registration time were not matched for in order to increase the follow-up time in controls and allow for an estimation of median survival.Primary outcome measuresAll-cause mortality until 24 October 2020, tracked using the National Cause of Death Register.ResultsMedian age was 87 years and 65% were women. Excess mortality peaked at 5 days after documented SARS-CoV-2-infection (HR 21.5, 95% CI 15.9 to 29.2), after which excess mortality decreased. From the second month onwards, mortality rate became lower in infected residents than controls. The HR for death during days 61–210 of follow-up was 0.76 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.93). The median survival of uninfected controls was 1.6 years, which was much lower than the national life expectancy in Sweden at age 87 (5.05 years in men, 6.07 years in women).ConclusionsThe risk of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC residents peaked after 5 days and decreased after 2 months, probably because the frailest residents died during the acute phase, leaving healthier residents remaining. The limited life expectancy in this population suggests that LTC resident status should be accounted for when estimating years of life lost due to COVID-19.
Exploring the self interacting dark matter properties from low redshift observations
Authors: Mishra Arvind Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe calculate the shear ($$\eta $$
η
) and bulk viscosity ($$\zeta $$
ζ
) of Self Interacting Dark Matter (SIDM) fluid using the kinetic theory formalism. Using the astrophysical constraints on dark matter self-interaction cross section over mass $$ \sigma /m $$

σ
/
m

, we demonstrate that viscous SIDM fluid violates the lower bound on the ratio of shear viscosity to its entropy density, $$\eta /\mathfrak {s}=\frac{1}{4\pi }$$

η
/
s
=

1

4
π

. Then, considering the $$\eta /\mathfrak {s}$$

η
/
s

bound as universal, we derive a theoretical upper limit on the ratio of velocity average dark matter self interaction cross-section to its mass and also estimate an upper limit on SIDM mass. We report that mass of the SIDM particle should be sub-GeV scale. Furthermore, with the assumption of a power-law form of $$\eta $$
η
and $$\zeta $$
ζ
, we study its evolution in the light of low redshift observations. We show that at the large redshift, the SIDM viscosity is small, but at the small redshift, it becomes sufficiently large and contributes significantly to cosmic dissipation. As a consequence, viscous SIDM can explain the low redshift observations and also consistent with the standard cosmological prediction.