bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics in patients with HBV-related liver diseases in China
Authors: Liu Mei , Li Lu , Zhao Jing , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Duan Zhongping , Zheng Su-Jun , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: August 2022

Background
The gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics were examined in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases.

Methods
Overall, 634 patients (44.7 ± 13.8 years) were consecutively included. Data of demographic and clinical characteristics were collected during an assessment interview. Comparisons between male and female patients in terms of demographic and clinical data were carried out using univariate analyses. The independent associations between the demographic and clinical variables and gender were examined with either logistic regression or analysis of covariance as appropriate.

Results
The study sample consisted of 452 male and 182 female patients. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that being employed (OR = 3.4), personal monthly income <3,000 yuan (OR = 0.3), being current alcohol users (OR = 6.4), Cirrhosis (OR = 5.9), Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (OR = 8.5) and having less severe insomnia (OR = 0.6) were independently associated with male gender. The analysis of covariance revealed that after controlling for other potential confounding variables, later onset of HBV-related diseases (F = 4.5, p = 0.03) and older age (F = 6.7, p = 0.009) were independently associated with male gender.

Conclusions
Given the significant clinical differences in male and female patients with HBV-related liver diseases, more attention should be given to gender-specific treatment and prevention for this population.
Cytological Evaluation of Urinary Samples among Vesicovaginal Fistula Patients in National Obstetrics Fistula Centre, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Okorie Nnaemeka , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Odigbo Chika Nathaniel , Ibe Onyekachi Ewa , Usanga Victor Udoh , Jacob Innocent Chidi , A. Obi Ihuoma 
Published: August 2022

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a non-physiological epithelial fistulous tract between the bladder and the vagina, resulting in continuous urinary incontinence. VVF occurs most commonly after obstetrical and gynecological injury. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study designed to carry out cytological evaluation of urine samples of vesicovaginal fistula patients in National Obstetrics Fistula Centre, Southeastern Nigeria. The voided and catheterized urine samples collected were stained using Papanicolaou and Diff-Quick staining techniques. A total number of 123 patients were involved in this study. The mean age of the patients was 36.66 (± 6.21) years. The patients were grouped according to age into 4 groups: 1 (0.8%) was ≤ 24 years, 59 (48.0%) were 25 to 34 years, 43 (35.0%) were 35 to 44 years and 20 (16.2%) were ≥ 45 years of age. The parity status of these cases was grand multipara 29 (23.6%), multipara 32 (37.4%), primipara 46 (37.4%) and nullipara 16 (13.0%). Majority of the patients 111 (90.2%) were from rural areas, 8 (6.5%) from urban areas and 4 (3.3%) were from semi-urban areas. According to marital status, 91 (74.0%) were married, 16 (13.0%) were widowed, 5 (4.1%) were single and 11 (8.9%) were divorced. According to the period the patients had lived with fistula, majority of the patients 94 (76.4%) had lived less than one year with this problem, while 29 (23.6%) had suffered from VVF for 1-5 years. Cytological evaluation of the urine smears showed that a total of 92 (74.8%) urine samples had normal findings. The rest of the 31 (25.2%) urine samples showed a variety of findings. Out of these 31 samples, 16 (51.6%) showed inflammatory aggregates suggestive of urinary tract inflammation, 3 (9.7%) showed decoy cells suggestive of Polyoma virus infection, 7 (22.6%) cases showed perinuclei halo suggestive of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, 3 (9.7%) showed oval fat bodies suggestive of possible nephrotic syndrome, 8(25.8%) cases showed koilocytes, indicative of Human papilloma virus infections. Cases that showed presence of haematuria were 7 (22.6%). There was no case of tumor cells detected in all the urine samples examined. From the outcome of this study, it is important to take special note of the presence of the viral carcinogens: Polyoma virus and Human papilloma virus, since in theory and as reported in few case reports, malignancy of the urinary tract can lead to formation of vesicovaginal fistula.
Factors Affecting Technological Stress among Public School Teachers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lara M. , Palarisan N. J. , Licudine M. J. , Silva F. , Granada L. , Billones R. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: The present investigation aims to study the factors affecting technological stress among public school teachers during the covid-19 pandemic. This study hopes to address this gap wherein the result is timely, relevant, and as a potential basis for possible interventions.
Study Design: The study employed a descriptive-correlational design.
Place and Duration: This study occurred in Region XI, Davao Del Sur, between 2021 and 2022.
Methodology: A total of 174 public school teachers participated in the study's data collection. Using an adapted survey questionnaire, distributed using GOOGLE forms, the demographic profile and the level of technostress were collected among those who participated in the Health Psychology Symposium led by the researchers.
Results: The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents were young adults, female, and were Teacher 1. Also, the test of significance revealed that the p-value was less than the 0.05 level of significance, thus indicating that there is indeed a significant relationship between age and the level of technostress of teachers.
Conclusion: The study concluded that age-specific interventions that may improve public teachers' technology usage or equipping them with skills to overcome stress must be perused.
A new method for assessing lung tumor motion in radiotherapy using dynamic chest radiography
Authors: Kitamura Kazushi , Takayama Kenji , Yamazaki Ryo , Ueda Yukihiro , Nishiki Shigeo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDynamic chest radiography (DCR) is a recent advanced modality to acquire dynamic and functional images. We developed a new method using DCR and the free analysis software, Kinovea, to assess lung tumor motion. This study aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of our method. Phantom and clinical studies were performed. In the phantom study, dynamic images of a moving lead sphere were acquired using DCR, and the motion of the phantom was tracked using Kinovea in a DCR video. The amplitude of phantom motion was measured and compared with a predetermined baseline amplitude. In a clinical study, DCR and respiratory‐gated four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) were performed on 15 patients who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung tumors. The amplitudes of tumor motion in DCR and 4D‐CT were measured in the superior‐inferior (SI), left‐right (LR), and anterior‐posterior (AP) directions, and the square root of the sum of squares (SRSS) of the amplitude was calculated in all directions. Spearman's rank correlation and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were performed to determine the correlations of the amplitudes of tumor motion obtained using DCR and 4D‐CT. In the phantom study, the absolute mean error between the measured and predetermined amplitudes was 0.60 mm (range: 0.061.53 mm). In the clinical study, the amplitudes of tumor motion obtained using DCR correlated significantly with those of 4D‐CT in the SI and LR directions, as did the SRSS values. The median amplitudes for DCR were significantly higher than those for 4D‐CT in all (SI, LR, and AP) directions, as were the SRSS values. Our proposed method based on DCR and Kinovea is useful for assessing lung tumor motion, visually and quantitatively. Therefore, DCR has potential as a new modality for evaluating lung tumor motion in radiotherapy.
Precise Control of Li+ Directed Transport via Electronegative Polymer Brushes on Polyolefin Separators for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition
Authors: Zheng Shujun , Mo Lulu , Chen Kai , Chen Ai‐Long , Zhang Xu , Fan Xiaoshan , Lai Feili , Wei Qingcong , Miao Yue‐E , Liu Tianxi , Yu Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNonuniform ion flux triggers uneven lithium (Li) deposition and continuous dendrite growth, severely restricting the lifetime of Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, an electronegative poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA) polymer brush‐grafted Celgard separator signed as PPFPA‐g‐Celgard is designed to precisely construct one‐dimensionally directed Li+ flux at the nanoscale so as to realize faster ion transport and ultra‐stable Li deposition. The grafting of PPFPA polymer chains is enabled by the simple bio‐inspired engineering of surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization chemistry. Both theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate an obvious increase by almost two times in Li+ affinity and ion transfer kinetics for PPFPA‐g‐Celgard over the Celgard separator. Reversible and stable Li plating/stripping can be realized by rapidly switching from 0.5 to 6 mA cm‐2. Besides, the Li | PPFPA‐g‐Celgard | LiFePO4 full cell exhibits universal and long‐term cyclability with a capacity retention of 83% over 700 cycles in ether electrolyte and 92.9% for over 300 cycles in carbonate electrolyte as well. This study represents a new direction for the general design of advanced separators with typical surface topochemistry and self‐limited ion transport channels in the application of high‐performance LMBs.
One‐Step Bioprinting of Multi‐Channel Hydrogel Filaments Using Chaotic Advection: Fabrication of Pre‐Vascularized Muscle‐Like Tissues
Authors: Bolívar‐Monsalve Edna Johana , Ceballos‐González Carlos Fernando , Chávez‐Madero Carolina , de la Cruz‐Rivas Brenda Guadalupe , Velásquez Marín Silvana , Mora‐Godínez Shirley , Reyes‐Cortés Luisa María , Khademhosseini Ali , Weiss Paul S. , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Tamayol Ali , Alvarez Mario Moisés , Trujillo‐de Santiago Grissel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe biofabrication of living constructs containing hollow channels is critical for manufacturing thick tissues. However, current technologies are limited in their effectiveness in the fabrication of channels with diameters smaller than hundreds of micrometers. It is demonstrated that the co‐extrusion of cell‐laden hydrogels and sacrificial materials through printheads containing Kenics static mixing elements enables the continuous and one‐step fabrication of thin hydrogel filaments (1 mm in diameter) containing dozens of hollow microchannels with widths as small as a single cell. Pre‐vascularized skeletal muscle‐like filaments are bioprinted by loading murine myoblasts (C2C12 cells) in gelatin methacryloyl ‐ alginate hydrogels and using hydroxyethyl cellulose as a sacrificial material. Higher viability and metabolic activity are observed in filaments with hollow multi‐channels than in solid constructs. The presence of hollow channels promotes the expression of Ki67 (a proliferation biomarker), mitigates the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha , and markedly enhances cell alignment (i.e., 82% of muscle myofibrils aligned (in ±10°) to the main direction of the microchannels after seven days of culture). The emergence of sarcomeric α‐actin is verified through immunofluorescence and gene expression. Overall, this work presents an effective and practical tool for the fabrication of pre‐vascularized engineered tissues.
Novel Ternary Nitride Thin Film‐Based Self‐Powered, Broad Spectral Responsive Photodetector with a High Detectivity for Weak Light
Authors: George Jeena , Vikraman Hajeesh Kumar , Reji Rence Painappallil , Mamidipudi Ghanashyam Krishna , Velappa Jayaraman Surya , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Mangalampalli Sri Rama Narasimha Kiran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelf‐powered, wide‐spectral response, fast, and high‐sensitivity photodetectors are essential for developing next‐generation optoelectronic devices. In this work, the predicted optoelectronic properties of the ternary metal‐zinc (Zn)‐nitride (N) thin films are experimentally demonstrated. A novel phase of the Titanium (Ti)‐Zn‐N system (dominantly TiZnN2 film of ≈235 nm thickness) is developed on the p‐Si substrate, which shows excellent optoelectronic properties. The Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/TiZnN2/p‐type Si (p‐Si) photodetector of area ≈4 mm2 exhibits an impressive responsivity of 1.22 × 10–4 A W−1 at 0 V and 40 mA W−1 at −4 V, a specific detectivity up to 1.16 × 109 Jones at 0 V, and a response speed of 1.9 ms at zero external bias (i.e., self‐powered mode). Benefiting from the broad‐band absorption of the film and p‐Si combination, the detection range is observed from the ultraviolet to near‐infrared (300–1150 nm). Simultaneous operation of self‐powered photo‐triggered drip irrigation ON and street light OFF in the early morning and vice‐versa in the evening is demonstrated for autonomous farming. The device is insensitive to humidity and ambiance, and generates a photocurrent with light intensity as low as 5 mW cm−2. The active layer is hydrophobic and highly stable, and the fabrication is cost‐effective.
Pt/Ag‐PEG‐Ce6 Nanosystem with Enhanced Near‐Infrared Absorption and Peroxidase‐Like Activity for Synergistic Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Sun Hua , Ai Yongjian , Qi Huibo , Guan Liandi , Hu Wanting , Huang Hongye , Li Yujie , Wang Yu , Liang Qionglin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNoble metals and their alloy‐based nanomaterials are widely used in biomedicine, especially in the fields of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) on tumors, due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. Nonetheless, novel doping strategies with unexpected efficacies are still challenging and formidable. Herein, a photosensitizer‐alloy nanosystem is designed for highly efficient PDT and PTT. Specifically, the optimized Pt/Ag alloy nanoparticles are facilely synthesized in one step at room temperature and are simultaneously endowed with enhanced peroxidase‐like activity and photothermal conversion, and further activated cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) productivity after covalent functionalization of chlorin e6 (Ce6). A small amount of Ag doping can kill two birds with one stone by simultaneously enhancing the synergistic PDT and PTT potential of Pt/Ag‐PEG‐Ce6 nanoparticles. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental results indicate that the significant temperature increase triggered by 808 nm laser and a large amount of toxic 1O2 excited by 671 nm laser synergistically and strongly kill tumor cells. Therefore, through proper doping and improved physicochemical properties, this nanosystem achieves effective PDT and PTT of tumors and also inspires the advanced design of noble metal‐based nanomedicine.
A Computational Model of Cytokine Release Syndrome during CAR T‐Cell Therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhuoyu , Liu Lunan , Ma Chao , Chen Weiqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a lethal adverse event in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, hindering this promising therapy for cancers, such as B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). Clinical management of CRS requires a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms. In this study, a computational model of CRS during CAR T‐cell therapy is built to depict how the cellular interactions among CAR T‐cells, B‐ALL cells, and bystander monocytes, as well as the accompanying molecular interactions among various inflammatory cytokines, influence the severity of CRS. The model successfully defines the factors related to severe CRS and studies the effects of immunomodulatory therapy on CRS. The use of the model is also demonstrated as a precision medicine tool to optimize the treatment scheme, including personalized choice of CAR T‐cell products and control of switchable CAR T‐cell activity, for a more efficient and safer immunotherapy. This new computational oncology model can serve as a precision medicine tool to guide the clinical management of CRS during CAR T cell therapy.
Differential Operator Approximation Based Tightly Coupled Multiphysics Solver Using Cascaded Fourier Network
Authors: Wang Yinpeng , Gao Hongyu , Ren Qiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCalculating the unknown coupled multiphysics fields from the known boundary condition is of great significance in computational physics. Existing classical algorithms are usually time consuming and resource demanding. Explosive growth in deep learning (DL) has provided a substitutive way to accelerate the calculation process by fully making use of the parallel computing capability of the graphics processing unit. In this work, a cascaded DL framework is presented to compute the coupled multiphysics fields related to electrical potential, temperature, velocity, etc. The whole framework is comprised of an input module and several Fourier modules, which achieves to acquire the coupled fields from the explicit boundary conditions. Compared with conventional networks, the Fourier network emerges consistent average error among different resolutions which saves training costs. As a result, a fully trained network can obtain the expected physics fields in real time, offering rosy prospects for practical scenarios.
Vertical Metal‐Oxide Electrochemical Memory for High‐Density Synaptic Array Based High‐Performance Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Lee Hyunjoon , Ryu Da Gil , Lee Giho , Song Min‐Kyu , Moon Hyungjin , Lee Jaehyeong , Ryu Jongchan , Kang Ji‐Hoon , Suh Junmin , Kim Sangbum , Lim Jongwoo , Jeon Dongsuk , Kim Seyoung , Kim Jeehwan , Lee Yun Seog 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCross‐point arrays of analog synaptic devices are expected to realize neuromorphic computing hardware for neural network computations with compelling speed boost and superior energy efficiency, as opposed to the conventional hardware based on the von Neumann architecture. To achieve desired characteristics of analog synaptic devices for fully parallel vector–matrix multiplication and vector–vector outer‐product updates, metal‐oxide based electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) is proposed as a promising synaptic device due to its complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatibility and outstanding synaptic characteristics over other non‐volatile memory candidates. In this work, ECRAM devices with 3D vertical structure is fabricated to demonstrate a minimal 4F2 cell size, highly scalable channel volume and low programming energy, providing optimized synaptic device performance and characteristics as well as high integrity as a cross‐point array. Various weight‐update profiles of the vertical ECRAM devices are obtained by adjusting programming voltage pulses, exhibiting trade‐offs among dynamic range, linearity, symmetry, and update deviation. Based on simulation with advanced algorithms for analog cross‐point array and neural network designs, the potential of vertical ECRAM for high‐density array is evaluated. Simulation studies suggest that the neuromorphic computing performance can be improved further by balancing the weight update characteristics of vertical ECRAM.
Capillary pumping between droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Moradi Mehr Shiva , Charsooghi Mohammad A. , Businaro Luca , Habibi Mehdi , Moradi Ali‐Reza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe famous two‐balloon experiment involves two identical balloons filled up with air and connected via a hollow tube, and upon onsetting the experiment one of the balloons shrinks and the other expands. Here, we present the liquid version of that experiment. We use superhydrophobic (SHP) substrates to form spherical droplets and connect them with a capillary channel. Different droplet sizes, substrates of different hydrophobicities, and various channel pathways are investigated, and morphometric parameters of the droplets are measured through image processing. In the case of SHP substrates, the pumping is from the smaller droplet to the larger one, similar to the two‐balloon experiment. However, if one or both of the droplets are positioned on a normal substrate the curvature radius will indicate the direction of pumping. We interpret the results by considering the Laplace pressures and the surface tension applied by the channel at the connecting points.
Simulation analysis of biomass pyrolysis based on the improved chemical percolation devolatilization model with chain reaction dynamics
Authors: Yuan Mengxue , Chen Na , Guo Yun , Chen Bin , Wang Sha , Shen Jun , Qiu Xihe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe complex composition and molecular structure of biomass lead to more complex and diversified chemical reactions in the pyrolysis. According to the structural characteristics of the reactants, this article simplifies the pyrolysis process and extends the research focus from the micro‐molecular elementary reactions to the macro reaction kinetics. The wheat straw is chosen as the investigated biomass, and the promoted chemical percolation devolatilization with modified pseudo‐grid and chain reaction kinetics pyrolysis models were constructed for predicting the pyrolysis characteristics. Under the condition of slow pyrolysis, by calculating the average difference between the collected calculated values and the corresponding experimental values, the prediction errors of bio‐char, bio‐oil, and gas production are in a reasonable range of <10%. Moreover, the reliability of the model is verified by comparing with the experimental thermogravimetric curve, which shows that the model could well predict the mass loss, product distribution, and component characteristics, and provides a reasonable prediction for the pyrolysis of biomass. However, the simplifications and assumptions about the model also lead to some deviations of the predicted values, which should be considered and improved in future research.
Analytical and numerical simulations of depolymerization based on discrete model: A chain‐end scission scenario
Authors: Wang Jiang , Wang Tian‐Tian , Luo Zheng‐Hong , Zhou Yin‐Ning 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDepolymerization by chain‐end scission enables ideally full recovery of monomers, which is considered as a promising route for polymer recycling. Despite attractive experimental achievements, insightful depolymerization kinetic modeling study is capable of providing information for better understanding polymer degradation process and reactor design in polymer industry. Herein, an improved analytical solution for depolymerization by chain‐end scission is derived and validated by numerical exact solution. The strength of the as‐derived analytical solution lies on its capability of capturing depolymerization kinetics of polymers with large degrees of polymerization and different initial distributions (e.g., Gamma, monodisperse, Poisson, Flory‐Schulz, exponential, and log‐normal distributions). Additionally, the changes in average properties of polymer are accessed by using a hybrid method based on the method of moment (MoM) and the improved analytical solution considering dimers in chain‐end scission process for the first time. Finally, kinetic insights into depolymerization of self‐immolative polymers are also gained by the MoM‐based model in parallel with two sets of experimental data. This work offers simulation protocols for a profound understanding of depolymerization kinetics and inspecting molecular properties during depolymerization.