bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instruments to assess the burden of care for family caregivers of adult palliative care patients
Authors: Pop Rodica Sorina , Payne Sheila , Tint Diana , Pop Cristina Paula , Mosoiu Daniela 
Published: April 2022

Background: A primary caregiver shares the illness experience of the patient and undertakes vital care work, alongside managing the patient's emotions, and is actively involved in care process without being paid. When faced with the palliative care patient's needs, caregivers are affected on multiple levels (physical, psychological and socio-economic), thereby experiencing a moderate or severe burden of care. Aim: To identify assessment instruments for the burden of care for family caregivers that are suitable to be used in clinical practice. Method: A narrative review was conducted using an electronic search in Pubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL of articles published in English between 2009–2019, using the search terms: ‘caregiver/family, caregiver/carer and burden and palliative care/hospice/end of life’. An assessment grid was developed to appraise the clinical use of identified instruments. Results: Of the 568 articles identified, 40 quantitative studies were selected using 31 instruments to measure the caregiver burden of cancer, noncancer and terminally ill patients. Most instruments 23 (74.11%) evaluate the psycho-emotional and, 22 (70.96%) the social domain, 12 instruments (38.7%) focused on the physical domain, three (9.67%) on the spiritual field and six instruments (19.35%) on economic aspects. For the multidimensional instruments, the assessment grid scored highest for the Burden Scale for Family Caregiver (BSFC). Conclusion: The BSFC is the tool that seems to meet the most requirements, being potentially the most useful tool in clinical practice.
The impact of mentoring in trauma and orthopaedic training: a systematic review
Authors: Enson J , Malik-Tabassum K , Faria A , Faria G , Gill K , Rogers B 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Trauma and orthopaedics is renowned for being a challenging yet rewarding career. The value of mentorship in medical and surgical training is known to be beneficial; however, the prevalence and quality of mentorship opportunities in orthopaedics are less well studied. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of mentoring programmes in orthopaedic training and recognising barriers to effective mentorship are key to unlocking the full potential of future orthopaedic surgeons. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed. All studies published in the English language that reported data on mentorship programmes in orthopaedic training were included. Findings A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies demonstrated that formal mentorship programmes in orthopaedics are lacking but are sought after, with a positive influence on satisfaction and future career choice/subspecialty selection identified. Several barriers to mentoring in the field were recognised including the difficulty faced by female trainees, the availability of mentors and time constraints. The opportunity to choose a mentor, a mentor with the same interests, regular meetings and the option of gender congruent mentorship were all identified as crucial requirements for effective mentorship. Conclusion Mentorship opportunities must be more accessible to all orthopaedic trainees alike and should aim to incorporate the attributes identified to provide the highest calibre of training to prospective orthopaedic surgeons.
Implications of equipment failure occurring during surgery
Authors: Efthymiou CA , Cale AR 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Few formal studies have been performed investigating the frequency of equipment failure during surgery. Surgeons are unable to operate without the plethora of instruments and equipment surrounding them in the operating theatre. As with any mechanical component, instruments and equipment are subject to time- and use-dependent degradation in their performance. Yet no formal requirements exist for the routine inspection or maintenance of instruments. Owing to this lack of information regarding equipment failure we undertook the first investigation of intraoperative equipment malfunction occurring during cardiac surgical procedures. Methods Over a 12-month period cardiac surgeons were required to report equipment malfunction during each procedure. Operating theatre equipment was divided into three categories broadly based on equipment portability and function: group 1, theatre infrastructure and components; group 2, large medical equipment; and group 3, surgical instruments. Results In a highly significant proportion of operations performed (92%) there was an issue with equipment. The most common issues occurred in group 3 with fine surgical instrument malfunctions; most commonly worn-out needle holders and blunt scissors. Theatre infrastructure and large medical equipment failures (groups 1 and 2) resulted in the cancellation of four cases. Some intraoperative instrument failures were potentially catastrophic. Conclusions The incidence of equipment failure during cardiac surgery is unacceptably high. In some instances, cases were cancelled and revenue lost owing to equipment malfunction. A balance between the safety and quality of equipment and cost effectiveness is required. These findings suggest that surgical instruments warrant an annual compulsory inspection.
The impact of age on long-term survival following gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Brown LR , Kamarajah SK , Madhavan A , Wahed S , Navidi M , Immanuel A , Hayes N , Phillips AW 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Gastrectomy remains the primary curative treatment modality for patients with gastric cancer. Concerns exist about offering surgery with a high associated morbidity and mortality to elderly patients. The study aimed to evaluate the long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy comparing patients aged <70 years with patients aged ≥70 years. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma with curative intent between January 2000 and December 2017 at a single centre were included. Patients were stratified by age with a cut-off of 70 years used to create two cohorts. Log rank test was used to compare overall survival and Cox multivariable regression used to identify predictors of long-term survival. Results During the study period, 959 patients underwent gastrectomy, 520 of whom (54%) were aged ≥70 years. Those aged <70 years had significantly lower American Society of Anesthesiologists grades (p<0.001) and were more likely to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (39% vs 21%; p<0.001). Overall complication rate (p=0.001) and 30-day postoperative mortality (p=0.007) were lower in those aged <70 years. Long-term survival (median 54 vs 73 months; p<0.001) was also favourable in the younger cohort. Following adjustment for confounding variables, age ≥70 years remained a predictor of poorer long-term survival following gastrectomy (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.09, 1.67; p=0.006). Conclusions Low postoperative mortality and good long-term survival were demonstrated for both age groups following gastrectomy. Age ≥70 years was, however, associated with poorer outcomes. This should be regarded as important factor when counselling patients regarding treatment options.
Electromagnetic modeling and simulation of the biophoton propagation in myelinated axon waveguide
Authors: Zeng Haomin , Zhang Yunhua , Ma Yue , Li Song 
Published: April 2022

Biophotons in the nervous system are a potential carrier of neural signals. Previous experiments and studies indicated that biophotons are closely related to the neuronal activity and can propagate along myelinated axons. We establish a multilayer electromagnetic simulation model and demonstrate that the myelinated axon waveguide has low attenuation and low dispersion and operates in a narrow bandwidth on the order of 10 nm. We also find that the operating wavelength of the waveguide is almost linearly related to the axon diameter and the number of myelin layers. Each additional layer of the myelin sheath causes the operating wavelength of the myelinated axon waveguide to shift 52.3 nm to the long-wave direction, while an increase in the axon diameter of 1.0 µm causes the operating wavelength to shift 94.5 nm to the short-wave direction. These findings well explain the tendency of the spectral redshift among different species and the spectral blueshift during the aging process of mice. Via the analysis method in this paper, we can predict the wavelength of the propagating biophotons based on the neural structure.
Interferometric grazing incidence test of rough steep convex aspherics: full 3D reconstruction of the object
Authors: Rothau S. , Schamburek T. , Mantel K. , Lindlein N. 
Published: April 2022

A grazing incidence interferometric measurement procedure is applied to test rough convex steep rotationally symmetric aspherics. The measurement of rough surfaces is possible; i.e., without the need to polish the surfaces, due to the large effective wavelength (

λ

eff

=
10

µ
m

) of the test. One measurement step using diffractive beam splitters and phase-shifting techniques delivers the surface information along one meridian. The full surface description can be stitched together from several phase results combined with appropriate object rotations. This publication includes, besides the short recapitulation of the measurement principle and experimental setup, a presentation of the simulated and measured data of an aspherical object under test. The data analysis of each meridian is focused on the elimination of the misalignment aberrations caused by specimen displacements. Finally, the stitching of multiple meridian regions to a 3D surface map of the specimen is shown.
Terahertz spoof surface plasmonic demultiplexer based on band-stop waveguide units
Authors: Li Huilin , Li Yanfeng , Yuan Mingrui , Ma Xinyu , Han Jiaguang 
Published: April 2022

Demultiplexers play an important role in wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission systems and constitute an essential component of future terahertz integrated circuits. In this work, we propose a terahertz spoof surface plasmonic demultiplexer, which is capable of distinguishing between three different frequencies by exploiting the band-stop effect of the waveguide units. The waveguide units are composed of metallic pillars of different sizes, where the transmission of spoof surface plasmons in the terahertz range is strongly influenced by the pillar size. The frequency-splitting feature can be achieved by selecting waveguide units with proper parameters that allow the passbands of the waveguides to be completely non-overlapping. As the effective working section, the length of the band-stop units is 1 mm, and extinction ratios of 21.5 dB, 18.0 dB, and 23.9 dB are obtained at 0.578 THz, 0.632 THz, and 0.683 THz, respectively. The proposed band-stop unit and its tunable characteristics have important applications for further development of terahertz integrated communication systems and terahertz on-chip plasmonic circuity.
Quality versus emergency: How good were ventilation fittings produced by additive manufacturing to address shortages during the COVID19 pandemic?
Authors: Khonsari Roman Hossein , Oranger Mathilde , François Pierre-Marc , Mendoza-Ruiz Alexis , Leroux Karl , Boussaid Ghilas , Prieur Delphine , Hodge Jean-Pierre , Belle Antoine , Midler Vincent , Morelot-Panzini Capucine , Patout Maxime , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jésus 
Published: April 2022

Objective
The coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) increased the risk of shortage in intensive care devices, including fittings with intentional leaks. 3D-printing has been used worldwide to produce missing devices. Here we provide key elements towards better quality control of 3D-printed ventilation fittings in a context of sanitary crisis.

Material and methods
Five 3D-printed designs were assessed for non-intentional (junctional and parietal) and intentional leaks: 4 fittings 3D-printed in-house using FDeposition Modelling (FDM), 1 FDM 3D-printed fitting provided by an independent maker, and 2 fittings 3D-printed in-house using Polyjet technology. Five industrial models were included as controls. Two values of wall thickness and the use of coating were tested for in-house FDM-printed devices.

Results
Industrial and Polyjet-printed fittings had no parietal and junctional leaks, and satisfactory intentional leaks. In-house FDM-printed fittings had constant parietal leaks without coating, but this post-treatment method was efficient in controlling parietal sealing, even in devices with thinner walls (0.7 mm vs 2.3 mm). Nevertheless, the use of coating systematically induced absent or insufficient intentional leaks. Junctional leaks were constant with FDM-printed fittings but could be controlled using rubber junctions rather than usual rigid junctions. The properties of Polyjet-printed and FDM-printed fittings were stable over a period of 18 months.

Conclusions
3D-printing is a valid technology to produce ventilation devices but requires care in the choice of printing methods, raw materials, and post-treatment procedures. Even in a context of sanitary crisis, devices produced outside hospitals should be used only after professional quality control, with precise data available on printing protocols. The mechanical properties of ventilation devices are crucial for efficient ventilation, avoiding rebreathing of CO2, and preventing the dispersion of viral particles that can contaminate health professionals. Specific norms are still required to formalise quality control procedures for ventilation fittings, with the rise of 3D-printing initiatives and the perspective of new pandemics.
Supplementary education can improve the rate of adequate bowel preparation in outpatients: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Peng Shicheng , Liu Sixu , Lei Jiaming , Ren Wensen , Xiao Lijun , Liu Xiaolan , Lü Muhan , Zhou Kai 
Published: April 2022

Background
Colonoscopy is widely used for the screening, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases. Adequate bowel preparation is a prerequisite for high-quality colonoscopy. However, the rate of adequate bowel preparation in outpatients is low. Several studies on supplementary education methods have been conducted to improve the rate of adequate bowel preparation in outpatients. However, the controversial results presented encourage us to perform this meta-analysis.

Method
According to the PRISMA statement (2020), the meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO. We searched all studies up to August 28, 2021, in the three major electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was adequate bowel preparation rate, and the secondary outcomes included bowel preparation quality score, polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, nonattendance rate and willingness to repeat rate. If there was obvious heterogeneity, the funnel plot combined with Egger’s test, meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were used to detect the source of heterogeneity. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0 software were used for statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 2061 records were retrieved, and 21 full texts were ultimately included in the analysis. Our meta-analysis shows that supplementary education can increase the rate of adequate bowel preparation for outpatients (79.9% vs 72.9%, RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.20, I2 = 87%, p<0.00001). Supplementary education shortened the withdrawal time (MD: -0.80, 95% CI: -1.54 to -0.05, p = 0.04) of outpatients, increased the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (MD: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.44, p<0.00001), reduced the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (MD: -1.26, 95% CI: -1.66 to -0.86, p<0.00001) and increased the willingness to repeat (91.9% vs 81.4%, RR:1.14, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.25, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Supplementary education for outpatients based on the standard of care can significantly improve the quality of bowel preparation.
Inventário dos Resíduos Sólidos Produzidos no Campus do IF Goiano Rio Verde
Authors: Ribeiro Bhrunna Tacauana , Mello Jefferson Alecrim de , Oliveira Marcos Fernandes de , Barbosa Jr. João Areis F. , Tininis Aristeu Gomes 
Published: April 2022

Nos últimos 20 anos, mudanças sociais e comportamentais têm sido intensas, as cidades têm sentido uma explosão demográfica substancial proporcionada por estabilidade econômica e pela busca de melhor qualidade de vida. A comodidade oferecida ao consumidor tem transformado a forma do mercado de produtos de necessidade cotidiana sensivelmente, gerando cada vez mais resíduos sólidos para atender a este mercado consumidor. O presente trabalho tem como propósito a realização de um inventário dos resíduos sólidos produzidos no Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde e nos traz uma ideia comportamental quanto ao modo de tratamento de uma determinada faixa da população com questões aparentemente simples, mas que dizem muito sobre como estaremos conduzindo a forma de consumo, a maneira do descarte de materiais, a disposição pessoal em contribuir com um gerenciamento sustentável de resíduos sólidos, e o que pode ser melhorado. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas onde foram levantados procedimentos metodológicos na literatura sobre o assunto, escolhendo a maneira de condução do experimento em loco, na segunda etapa levantados os locais onde estão as unidades iniciais de segregação, a logística de acondicionamento dos resíduos nos pontos de coleta, os dias em que são realizadas as coletas, e por último a caracterização em loco do tipo de material produzido, o volume em massa do teor produzido de material, e a análise e discussão dos dados encontrados neste inventário, como também suas contribuições para o campus universitário.
Lakatos’ Quasi-Empiricism Revisited
Authors: Zeng Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The central idea of Lakatos’ quasi-empiricism view of the philosophy of mathematics is that truth values are transmitted bottom-up, but only falsity can be transmitted from basic statements. As it is falsity but not truth that flows bottom-up, Lakatos emphasizes that observation and induction play no role in both conjecturing and proving phases in mathematics. In this paper, I argue that Lakatos’ view that one cannot obtain primitive conjectures by induction contradicts the history of mathematics, and therefore undermines his quasi-empiricism theory. I argue that his misconception of induction causes this view of Lakatos. Finally, I propose that Wittgenstein’s view that “mathematics does have a grammatical nature, but it is also rooted in empirical regularities” suggests the possibility to improve Lakatos’ view by maintaining his quasi-empiricism while accepting the role induction plays in the conjecturing phase.
Investigation of the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of steel components during thin-film hot-dip galvanizing
Authors: Pinger Thomas , Riedel Jens , Diehl Axel , Mayrhofer Robert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With regard to the application of thin-film hot-dip galvanizing to a welded steel tube structure in vehicle construction, several test series were carried out to investigate the potential for hydrogen embrittlement caused by the pretreatment media used in the galvanizing process. Here, C-ring specimens were produced from the materials E355 and C75 in different tempering states, treated in a hydrochloric acid-based operational pickle, and then tested under constant strain rate or constant load. The results show that under the investigated pickling conditions, no hydrogen-induced embrittlement effect occurs up to a hardness of 470 HV in the case of material E355 and 500 HV in the case of material C75. Only in the case of 550 HV and 600 HV, both for C75, was a tendency to embrittlement observed; this effect was more pronounced after treatment with the freshly prepared pickle than in the operating pickles. The two test methods used showed consistent results.
Research on the auxetic behavior and mechanical properties of periodically rotating graphene nanostructures
Authors: Liang Yingjing , Huang Jietao , Qu Jianxin , Huang Jianzhang , Hui David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Negative Poisson’s ratio (auxetic) material is one of the most widely studied metamaterials, and recent attempts have been made to discover auxeticity in graphene-based and related carbon-based materials. However, it is shown that negative Poisson’s ratio effect requires special conditions, such as high temperature. Achieving negative Poisson’s ratio effect under large strain at ambient conditions is the key to graphene materials in nano-device applications. In order to discover the auxetic properties of nanostructures under large strain, this article proposes periodically rotating graphene nanostructures (PRGNs) which are the combination of graphene and rotating rigid unit structures. Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and damage mechanism of PRGNs are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. It can be possible to conclude that PRGNs can also exhibit auxetic behavior, and their negative Poisson’s ratio effect can be maintained even at large strains (ε ∼ 0.1). Poisson’s ratio can be regulated by adjusting the value of the geometry parameters of the graphene sheets (GSs), which comprise the PRGNs, and changed from negative to positive and from positive to negative. Also, the influences of the structural size of GSs and the connection angle between GSs on the mechanical properties are explored, which will provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and performance optimization of GSs and the nano-auxetic properties of materials.
A Study on the Influence of Natural Agents on the Absorption Properties of Cotton Fabrics – Part Two
Authors: Mohanraj Saravanan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increased worldwide competition in textiles has given opportunities to researchers and industries to work toward new challenges in product development. This research work aims to investigate how the herbal extract-treated cotton fabrics were made with a focus on the absorption properties. The treated fabric samples were analyzed for their static absorption (%), immersion time (s), surface water absorption (mL), and vertical wicking height (cm). The mangosteen dyed cotton fabrics with specifications of 140 g/m2 and the plain weave with 40 % dyed concentration and untreated cotton fabrics had static water absorptions of 320 % and 328 %, immersion times of 1.68 s and 1.65 sec, surface water absorptions of 17 ml and 18.1 ml, and vertical wicking heights of 4 cm and 4.9 cm, respectively. Water repellency properties had slight changes for treated terry fabrics say 220 and 240 GSM with rating ‘50’ in adjacent to the untreated fabric sample with rating ‘0’. Water repellency results indicated that there was no characteristic change in the water response property (i.e., water absorption) of herbal extract-treated samples. Mangosteen and orange extracts-treated cotton fabrics of 140 and 240 g/m2 with a 30 % dye concentration showed better water absorption properties in comparison to the other herbal extract dyed samples.