bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vigilance Needed in Treating Leprosy Patients in Accordance with
WHO’s AWaRe
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Velmurugan Hemasri , Yella Sree Sudha Tanguturi , Venkatesan Sajitha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Leprosy is a highly stigmatized disease that can range from a
minor skin lesion to life-threatening conditions such as deformities and disability. The
World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a tool called "Access, Watch, and Reserve"
(AWaRe) to reduce antibiotic misuse and abuse.

Aim:
The purpose of this review is to determine whether the drugs used in the leprosy
treatment regimen are complied with the AWaRe programme, in order to improve the
quality of hospital antibiotic use and reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance
(AMR).

Methods:
We started by looking for antibiotics that are used in the treatment and chemoprophylaxis
of leprosy, as defined by the WHO's AWaRe classification. Furthermore, we
look for studies on antibiotics that showed sensitivity or less resistance after antimicrobial
sensitivity testing (AST) on isolates from infected leprosy ulcers, as well as their
AWaRe category.

Results:
There were 32 studies found, but only 5 of them met the inclusion criteria. They
consisted of four cross-sectional studies and one descriptive retrospective study. A total
of 19 antibiotics were identified in 5 studies, with 9 (47.4%) antibiotics in the access category,
8 (42.1%) antibiotics in the watch group, and 2 (10.5%) antibiotics in the reserve
group.

Conclusion:
As per our knowledge, this is the first study to explore antibiotics in leprosy
treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and complications such as ulcer compliance with the
AWaRe programme. Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, which is a global issue that
continues to pose challenges to clinical practices. This review may provide physicians
with an overview of the current state of drug prescribing trends in leprosy, whether in
accordance with the AWaRe classification in selecting the right drug when the use of antimicrobials
is indicated and may also aid in rational drug prescribing.
Kualitas Perairan Sungai Musi di Kota Palembang Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Windusari Yuanita , Sari Netta Permata 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan Sungai Musi di perairanKelurahan 5 Ulu (titik 1 pada ordinat 02o59’41.2”S dan 104o 45’39.3’’E dan 7 Ulu (Titik 2 pada ordinat 02o59’39.3’’S dan 104o45’42.1’’E) di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu IKota Palembang. Parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi perairan diukur di lapangan dan di laboratorium. Hasil menunjukkan kualitas perairan Sungai Musi untuk nilai-nilai dari beberapa parameter kimia seperti amonia, sulfida, besi, mangan, klorida lebih tinggi dari standar nilai yang diperbolehkan dalam suatu perairan sungai. Total colifrom sebesar 2400 koloni/100 ml pada di Titik 1 juga melebihi batas kelayakan untuk nilai total coliform di perairan sungai.Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat dinyatakan kualitasperairan Sungai Musi, khususnya di lokasi sampling tidak layak digunakan untuk konsumsi karena terindikasi tercemar polutan dari industri dan feses.
KOMPOSISI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN PADA DUA KOMUNITAS TEMPAT TUMBUH Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. DI DESA GAJAHREJO KABUPATEN PASURUAN DAN DESA JERU KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Solikin Solikin 
Published: July 2022

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis termasuk tumbuhan berkhasiat obat dan berpotensi sebagai tanaman hias. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan komposisi jenis-jenis tumbuhan, keragaman dan kemelimpahan jenisnya serta indeks kesamaan pada dua komunitas tempat tumbuh Stachytarpheta jamaicensis telah dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2012 di Desa Gajahrejo Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Desa Jeru Kabupaten Malang dengan metode survey dan pembuatan petak. Petak contoh dibuat berukuran 1x1 m yang penempatannya disesuaikan dengan keberadaan Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sekitar 43 jenis tumbuhan yang ditemukan tumbuh bersama jenis tumbuhan ini, 12 jenis diantaranya ditemukan tumbuh pada dua komunitas. Komunitas tumbuhan di Gajahrejo lebih beragam denganjumlah 39 jenistumbuhan, nilai Indeks Keragaman Shannon-Weaver3,231, dan Indeks Kemelimpahan Margalef6,735. Sedangkan di Jeru ditemukan 23 jenis dengan nilai Indeks Keragaman Shannon-Weaver 2,751 dan Indeks Kemelimpahan Margalef5,051. Jenis tumbuhan yang paling dominan di sekitar Stachytarpheta jamaicensis di Gajahrejo adalah Panicum brevifolium. Sedangkan di Jeru adalah Salvia riparia. Indeks kesamaan jenis kedua komunitas sebesar 0,452.
PEMANFAATAN SUSU KAMBING ETAWA DAN KEDELAI SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR DANGKE ( KEJU KHAS INDONESIA) DENGAN KOAGULAN EKSTRAK JERUK NIPIS
Authors: Suryani Titik , Niswah Fathun 
Published: July 2022

Dangke adalah salah satu keju tradisional mirip tahu yang berwarna putih kekekuningan dari susu kerbau. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi bahan dasar dangke dengan koagulan ekstrak jeruk nipis terhadap kandungan protein, lemak, asam total, uji organoleptik (warna, rasa, aroma dan tekstur) dan daya terima masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 1 faktoryaitu kombinasi konsentrasi susu kambing etawa dan susu kedelai terdiri atas 5 perlakuan yaitu K1E0 (100% susu kedelai), K0E1 (100% susu kambing etawa), K1E1 (50% susu kedelai : 50% susu kambing etawa), K8E2 (80% susu kedelai : 20% susu kambing etawa), dan K2E8 (20% susu kedelai : 80% susu kambing etawa), masing-masing 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi susu kambing etawa 80% : susu kedelai 20% menghasilkan dangke terbaik dengan kadar protein 20,30 g, kadar lemak 7,53%, dan asam total 8,29%. Kualitas dangke yang baik adalah warna kekuningan (krem), tidak berbau amis, rasa enak dan tekstur lembut. Dangke yang disukai pada 100% susu kedelai dan susu kambing etawa20% : susu kedelai 80%.
Installation Of Language In Communicating Early Children Age 5-6 Years
Authors: Setyaningsih Aulia , Katoningsih Sri 
Published: July 2022

Aim This study aims to examine the literature, articles and research documents that identify language maturation in communication in children aged 5-6 years. Method This study is a qualitative study with a literature review method based on reviews of national journals and international journals. The sampling technique used is reference in the form of primary articles of less than 20, 15 national journals with a period of 5 years and international journals with a period of 7 years that are quality, accredited and reputable. The results indicate that language maturation in communication can be done by sharing ways such as using flash cards, letterbox media, using songs during learning, using audio-visual media.
Ethnomathematics study: cultural values and geometric concepts in the traditional "tanean-lanjang" house in Madura – Indonesia
Authors: Sari Ariesta Kartika , Budiarto Mega Teguh , Ekawati Rooselyna 
Published: July 2022

One of the cultural outcomes of the Madurese community is the traditional tanean lanjang house with a long front yard, designed from several batih (nuclear) families, consisting of a married couple with unmarried children. This study explores geometric concepts of the traditional house to demonstrate how they can be useful for learning mathematics. The descriptive qualitative study described the mathematical concepts found in the tanean lanjang traditional house or settlement in Madura. Furthermore, an ethnographic method was also used to analyze documents, ethnographic notes, and documentation (photos). Data analysis techniques employed an interactive model of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study show that the cultural values and geometric concepts of the tanean lanjang traditional house comprised (1) kinship and brotherhood values, (2) harmony in the household, and (3) strength in the household. The geometric concepts contained in the traditional tanean lanjang house include 2-dimensional shape (i.e., rectangle, trapezoid, triangle), perimeter of 2-dimensional shape, area of 2-dimensional shape, 3-dimensional shape (i.e., triangular prism), the volume of 3-dimensional shape, curve, and the concept of reflection in geometry.
STRATEGI KEGIATAN LITERASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sukma Hanum Hanifa 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan dokumentasi, dari jurnal-jurnal penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis analisis isi (content analysis). Strategi literasi di sekolah dasar dalam meningkatan minat baca, pada tahap pembiasan adalah melaksanakan membaca 15 menit sebelum mata pelajaran di mulai, membuat pojok baca, dan menciptakan lingkungan kaya teks. Pada tahap pengembangan, dengan mengadakan jam wajib berkunjung ke perpustakaan, melakukan pengembangan kegiatan membaca 15 menit sebelum pelajaran, mengadakan kegiatan majalah dinding, dan kegiatan pengembangan literasi lain. Tahap pembelajaran dengan kegiatan membaca di awal, tengah, atau menjelang akhir pelajaran, menggunakan berbagai metode dan media, dan melakukan pembelajaran di perpustakaan pada saat-saat tertentu. Faktor pendukung adalah semangat peserta didik, dukungan guru, adanya fasilitas fisik dan sarana prasarana, serta anggaran yang memadai, partisipasi aktif warga sekolah, dan dukungan orang tua dalam kegiatan literasi. Faktor penghambat adalah masih adanya peserta didik kurang bersemangat, Rendahnya pemahaman dan kesadaran guru terhadap pentingnya kegiatan literasi, Keterbatasan sarana fisik, dan kurangnya dana yang dimiliki sekolah.
Konsep Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rohim Dhina Cahya 
Published: July 2022

Penyelenggaraan ujian nasional mengalami permasalahan mulai dari sebelum pelaksanaan, proses pelaksanaan dan pasca pelaksanaan. Pemanfaatan hasil ujian nasonal sebagai satu – satunya indicator keberhasilan siswa selama proses belajar tentunya belum tepat. Sehingga dilakukan perubahan dalam system evaluasi di Indonesia. Penghapusan ujian nasional secara tidak langsung memberikan dampak terhadap proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Sebagai pengganti dari ujian nasonal ini adalah Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) dan survey karakter. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang konsep Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) guna meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa di sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian studi pustaka. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa Asesmen dilaksanakan bukan berdasar pada kemampuan menguasai materi sesuai kurikulum seperti dalam ujian nasonal, tetapi dirancang untuk memetakan dan memperbaiki kualiitas pendidikan secara menyeluruh. Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) berfokus pada penguasaan kompetensi literasi dan numerasi yang akan diukur. Dengan demikian, pelaksanaan Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa di sekolah dasar.
Perception of individual and group discrimination among LGB individuals in Puerto Rico: A descriptive study
Authors: Esteban Caleb , González-Rivera Juan Aníbal 
Published: July 2022

Background: Discrimination is one or more unjustified negative behaviors towards a person based on one or more characteristics of that person. In the case of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons, they have been constant victims of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination around the world. However, few scientific studies explore the experiences of discrimination in Puerto Rico, since most studies have focused on negative attitudes, prejudice, and social distance. Objective: The aims of this brief report are 1) to describe in detail the relative importance of the quality of the items of the Perceived Discrimination in the LGB Community Scale, and 2) to describe the experiences of discrimination both at the individual and group level of an LGB sample according to the order of relative importance found. Method: This research had a quantitative method with a descriptive study design, instrumental type. To meet the objective of this study, the data collected in each item was independently evaluated to examine the experience and perception of each participant in the situation presented by each premise. A non-probability sample of 300 LGB participants was recruited in Puerto Rico. Results: The area with the highest reported experiences of individual discrimination was the relationship category (M=.700), followed by psychological (M=.630), society/environmental (M=.566), family/employment (M=.566) and physical (M=.386) respectively. The area with the highest perceptions of group discrimination reported by the sample was the education/health category (M = .882), followed by culture/society (M=.827), politics (M=.803), maternity/paternity (M=.802) and locality (M=.791) respectively. Conclusion: When analyzing all the items, it was observed that the results of the first 22 positions according to the Relative Importance Index, correspond to the experiences of discrimination in a group way. This means that people perceive greater discrimination as a group than the discrimination they perceive about their own person.
Relationship between the coronavirus pandemic and criminal activities: Emerging evidence from Fiji Islands
Authors: Singh Kunal , Shah Tayyab , Raj Amrit 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The spread of the coronavirus has led to strict containment measures around the world, simply to restrict the gathering of a large number of people. In Fiji, the COVID-19 lockdown measures are affecting different social aspects, including crime rates and criminal activities.
Methods: This study was based on a secondary analysis of aggregated crime data, presenting preliminary analyses on crime trends across the Fiji Islands, during the first six months of the curfew period. It considers how the crime patterns shifted due to the numerous containment restrictions. We studied the crime data during the first six months of the curfew period, starting from March 31 to September 30, 2020, against the average of crime occurrences for the same period over the last four years (2016-2019).
Results and Discussion: The study shows an overall increase of 18.8% in crime occurrences, during the curfew period. The disobedience against lawful orders were largely made up of curfew breaches (with an astounding increase of 2602 cases), with the southern and western divisions registering the majority of offences. The study also provides evidence of a decrease in offences against public morality (-41.7%) and property (-26.8%) during the curfew period, which could most likely be linked to strict stay-home restrictions and limited mobility. Criminal offences such as burglary (-24.6%), theft (-22%) and aggravated robbery (-23.3%) show a decreasing trend in the curfew period. However, a worrying increase in offences against the drugs ordinance act (104.4%), common assault (28.6%), serious assault (97.4%) and criminal intimidation (36.8%) is noted in this study. It could be interpreted that the central division (-46.4%) was possibly the safest area in Fiji during the first few months of the curfew, while the southern (17.9%) and western (29.2%) continue to show an increasing crime trend.
Conclusion: The findings of this research are consistent with the predictions of the routine activity theory, which estimates crime rates to fluctuate during an exceptional event. Regardless of some limitations and directions for future research, the current study contributes to the literature on exceptional events and crime through an ongoing pandemic in the South Pacific.
Keywords: Coronavirus, Fiji, lockdown, crime rates
Towards a Very Fast Feedforward Multilayer Neural Networks Training Algorithm
Authors: Bilski Jarosław , Kowalczyk Bartosz , Kisiel-Dorohinicki Marek , Siwocha Agnieszka , Żurada Jacek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

**This paper presents a novel fast algorithm for feedforward neural networks training. It is based on the Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method commonly used for designing adaptive filters. Besides, it utilizes two techniques of linear algebra, namely the orthogonal transformation method, called the Givens Rotations (GR), and the QR decomposition, creating the GQR (symbolically we write GR + QR = GQR) procedure for solving the normal equations in the weight update process. In this paper, a novel approach to the GQR algorithm is presented. The main idea revolves around reducing the computational cost of a single rotation by eliminating the square root calculation and reducing the number of multiplications. The proposed modification is based on the scaled version of the Givens rotations, denoted as SGQR. This modification is expected to bring a significant training time reduction comparing to the classic GQR algorithm. The paper begins with the introduction and the classic Givens rotation description. Then, the scaled rotation and its usage in the QR decomposition is discussed. The main section of the article presents the neural network training algorithm which utilizes scaled Givens rotations and QR decomposition in the weight update process. Next, the experiment results of the proposed algorithm are presented and discussed. The experiment utilizes several benchmarks combined with neural networks of various topologies. It is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms several other commonly used methods, including well known Adam optimizer.
Transcranial Duplex Ultrasonography Measurements Towards Identification of Blood Vessel Conditions: Artificial Cerebral Blood Flow in Pathologies
Authors: Leibuss Roberts , Posredņikova Olga , Pupkeviča Irina , Meidrops Kristiāns , Mackevičs Dāvis , Dekhtyar Yuri , Stradiņš Pēteris , Strīķe Eva 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate how cerebral vasospasm, vasodilation and haemorrhage under artificial circulation conditions during cardiopulmonary bypass affect transcranial duplex ultrasonography measurements. A description of transcranial duplex ultrasonography and phantom development is provided. Measurements were made using a commercially available ultrasound system and cardiopulmonary bypass machine, water phantom and 32% glycerol solution with cornstarch. The experiments showed that the cerebral blood vessel condition in artificial circulation affects transcranial duplex ultrasonography measurement limit values. The most sensitive parameter for blood vessel condition changes is Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV) for which changes were observed in 100% of cases. The most insensitive was Time-Averaged Peak-Velocity (TAPV), and Minimum Diastolic Velocity (MDV) for which changes were observed in 83% of cases.
Estratégias de educação ambiental no enfrentamento à emergência climática
Authors: Eichenberger Jacqueline Carrilho , Moser Anderson , Campos Marília Toralles 
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo de caso numa comunidade rural na região da Galiza, a partir do desenvolvimento de um projeto de educação ambiental, com vista a uma transição ecossocial de baixo carbono. Para o presente estudo de caso, foram coletadas narrativas com mulheres maiores de 65 anos, residentes na comunidade rural de Lavacolla. Com base na análise das narrativas, foi possível refletir sobre o modo como a emergência climática global se experiencia a nível local e comunitário e se interseta com desafios e experiências quotidianas das mulheres participantes. Memórias do passado são narradas e refletidas, de modo a fomentar a construção de perspectivas sobre futuros climáticos sustentáveis. Os resultados mostram o potencial de projetos assentes em atividades e dinâmicas que partem das necessidades e vivências das comunidades, com vista a processos de descarbonização de estilos de vida, fomentando a mudança individual e coletiva.
Recebido: 9/2/2022
Aceite: 13/6/2022
Ativismo ambiental em educação
Authors: Moreira Ana Maria , Antunes Nuno 
Published: July 2022

Este estudo centrou-se no desenvolvimento de atividades de carácter pedagógico num agrupamento de escolas da região norte do país. Foram desenvolvidas em interdisciplinaridade, a partir do contexto escolar e social, em coautoria com os/as estudantes participantes, as seguintes atividades, que ocorreram em diferentes contextos: em sala de aula (projeto Escape Room - Home: Save our planet with Maths), em espaço exterior (Clube BIKE - Bike Is Key [to] Earth) e em ambiente híbrido (projeto: Blogue “Por falar em Matemática…”). Pretendemos aferir como as atividades promovidas podem: (i) fomentar o papel da educação como um consciente exercício de educação ambiental (EA); (ii) promover processos educativos ambientais; (iii) consciencializar alunos/as / cidadãs/os para a problemática ambiental. A metodologia seguida enquadra-se numa lógica de investigação-ação, sendo que a prática docente e a prática de investigação foram articuladas num processo cíclico que permitiu documentar, monitorizar e refletir sobre as atividades desenvolvidas. Optamos por aplicar um questionário aos/às alunos/as participantes, entrevistas às estruturas de liderança e, ainda, obtenção de dados com recurso à observação direta. Os resultados indicam que a educação assume um papel preponderante na promoção da EA e pode ter um efeito potenciador de ativismo ambiental, uma vez que os órgãos de gestão percecionam o valor das iniciativas pedagógicas mencionadas no aprofundamento do papel da escola na EA e os/as estudantes manifestaram elevados níveis de satisfação com a participação nas atividades desenvolvidas, revelando disposições para a mudança individual e avaliando as atividades como promotoras de consciência ambiental individual e coletiva.

Recebido: 5/2/2022
Aceite: 30/5/2022
Prototipe Konveyor Sistem Pemisah Barang Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik dan Sensor Load Cell
Authors: Indah Ira Puspa , Wildian Wildian 
Published: July 2022

Telah dilakukan perancangan prototipe konveyor sistem pemisah barang berdasarkan tinggi dan massa yang menggunakan sensor ultrasonik dan sensor load cell. Â Perancangan konveyor dibuat sebagai pembawa dari barang yang akan dipisah. Konveyor terdiri dari motor DC yang dihubung pada driver L298N agar belt konveyor berputar dan motor servo-2 dan 3 sebagai pemisah barang. Pemisahan berdasarkan tinggi dan massa dari barang memanfaatkan teknologi Arduino Uno sebagai mikrokontroler, sensor ultrasonik, sensor load cell, modul HX711 dan LCD. Ketika barang di atas tempat penimbnag dan di bawah sensor ultrasonik maka tinggi dan massa barang tampil pada layar LCD. Selanjutnya, motor servo-1 akan mendorong barang keatas belt konveyor sehingga barang dapat dipisahkan oleh motor servo-2 dan 3. Hasil pengujian dengan barang menunjukkan motor servo-2 berputar 150o untuk barang yang dikategorikan kecil dengan tinggi â‰¤ 8 cm dan massa â‰¤ 45 g, sedangkan motor servo-3 berputar 150o untuk barang yang dikategorikan sedang dengan tinggi (9-12) cm dan massa dari (46-80) g. Apabila motor servo-2 dan 3 tidak bergerak maka barang akan dikategorikan besar dengan tinggi (13-20) cm dan massa (81-105) g.