bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public risk perception and behaviours towards COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Nigeria: a secondary data analysis
Authors: Ochu Chinwe Lucia , Onoja Michael , Olatunji David , Okusanya Babasola O , Usuwa Ifeoma Sophia , Akeju David O , Disu Yahya , Adejo Samuel Ojima , Eziechina Sunday , Nwiyi Gloria , Okediran James Olatunde , Elimian Kelly Osezele , Akande Oluwatosin Wuraola , Dunkwu Lauryn , Fagbemi Babafunke , Aisiri Adolor , Agogo Emmanuel A , Ebenso Bassey , Oke David Adewale , Igumbor Ehimario , Ihekweazu Chikwe 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo describe changes in public risk perception and risky behaviours during the first wave (W1) and second wave (W2) of COVID-19 in Nigeria, associated factors and observed trend of the outbreak.DesignA secondary data analysis of cross-sectional telephone-based surveys conducted during the W1 and W2 of COVID-19 in Nigeria.SettingNigeria.ParticipantsData from participants randomly selected from all states in Nigeria.Primary outcomeRisk perception for COVID-19 infection categorised as risk perceived and risk not perceived.Secondary outcomeCompliance to public health and social measures (PHSMs) categorised as compliant; non-compliant and indifferent.AnalysisComparison of frequencies during both waves using χ2 statistic to test for associations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses helped estimate the unadjusted and adjusted odds of risk perception of oneself contracting COVID-19. Level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsTriangulated datasets had a total of 6401 respondents, majority (49.5%) aged 25–35 years. Overall, 55.4% and 56.1% perceived themselves to be at risk of COVID-19 infection during the W1 and W2, respectively. A higher proportion of males than females perceived themselves to be at risk during the W1 (60.3% vs 50.3%, p<0.001) and the W2 (58.3% vs 52.6%, p<0.05). Residing in the south-west was associated with not perceiving oneself at risk of COVID-19 infection (W1—AOdds Ratio (AOR) 0.28; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.40; W2—AOR 0.71; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.97). There was significant increase in non-compliance to PHSMs in the W2 compared with W1. Non-compliance rate was higher among individuals who perceived themselves not to be at risk of getting infected (p<0.001).ConclusionRisk communication and community engagement geared towards increasing risk perception of COVID-19 should be implemented, particularly among the identified population groups. This could increase adherence to PHSMs and potentially reduce the burden of COVID-19 in Nigeria.
Diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among patients with tuberculosis attending directly observed treatment centres in Oyo State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional evaluation
Authors: Anyanwu Maureen Odochi , Ajumobi Olufemi O , Afolabi Nathanael B , Usman Aishat , Kehinde Aderemi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) comorbidity is evolving into an emerging epidemic globally. In Nigeria, a high burden of both diseases, respectively, exists with limited information on tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus (TB-DM) comorbidity. We determined the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level among patients with TB and factors associated with TB-DM comorbidity in Oyo State, South-west Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with TB aged 15 years and above, who were selected using multistage sampling. Data were collected on patients’ biodata, anthropometric measurements and FBG levels using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. The FBG test was conducted on patients with confirmed pulmonary TB (old and newly diagnosed patients with TB) at any stage of anti-TB treatment. Background characteristics and FBG level were summarised using descriptive statistics and factors associated with TB-DM comorbidity were examined at bivariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsOf the 404 patients with TB, 30 (7.4%) had impaired fasting glucose and 32 (7.9%) were diagnosed with diabetes. The mean age of the male and female respondents was 41 (±14.2) and 36.8 (±15.0), respectively. Females were more likely than males to have diabetes (10.6% vs 6.3%). Median FBG level for the patients was 88 (IQR: Q1: 99, Q3: 79) mg/dL. Age, marital status and educational level were not associated with TB-DM comorbidity. In the multivariable model, only normal body mass index was independently and significantly associated with diabetes.ConclusionTB-DM was prevalent among the studied population in South-west Nigeria. We recommend the integration of DM screening within the continuum of care for TB management.
Management of acute low back pain in emergency departments in São Paulo, Brazil: a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Oliveira Indiara Soares , Tomazoni Shaiane Silva , Vanin Adriane Aver , Araujo Amanda Costa , de Medeiros Flávia Cordeiro , Oshima Renan Kendy Ananias , Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena , Costa Lucíola da Cunha Menezes 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo describe management strategies used in public emergency departments in a middle-income country for patients with acute non-specific low back pain.DesignA descriptive, cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective cohort study.Setting and participantsA study with 600 patients with low back pain presenting in four public emergency departments from São Paulo, Brazil was conducted.Outcome measuresDiagnostic tests, pharmacological interventions, and/or referral to other healthcare professionals were collected. Descriptive analyses were used to report all outcomes.ResultsOf all patients, 12.5% (n=75) underwent some diagnostic imaging tests. Medication was administered to 94.7% (n=568) of patients. The most common medications were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (71.3%; n=428), opioids (29%; n=174) and corticosteroids (22.5%; n=135). Only 7.5% (n=45) of patients were referred to another type of care.ConclusionThere is a need for research data on low back pain from middle-income countries. There was an acceptable rate of prescription for diagnostic imaging tests. However, there were high medication prescriptions and small rates of referrals to other healthcare services. Our findings indicate that there is still a need to implement best practices in the management of acute low back pain at public emergency departments in Brazil.
Investigating the association between inpatient stroke therapy and disability, destination on discharge, length of stay and mortality: a prospective cohort study using the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme
Authors: Gittins Matthew , Lugo-Palacios David Gibran , Vail Andy , Bowen Audrey , Paley Lizz , Bray Benjamin , Gannon Brenda , Tyson Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Objective‘More is better’ is a recognised mantra within stroke therapy, however, this has been developed in patients receiving long term rehabilitation. We investigated the relationship between amount of therapy received (from therapists and psychologists) and key patient outcomes during inpatient care.DesignA secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study was performed. Multilevel mixed models adjusting for measured confounders (eg, severity), explored the relationship between therapy dose (average minutes per day of stay) and outcomes (disability, length of stay, home at discharge and mortality). Therapy was explored using simple linear terms and flexible natural cubic splines to allow for more complex relationships.SettingData from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme, covering England, Wales and Northern Ireland between July 2013 and July 2015 contained 94 905 adults with a stroke and still an inpatient after 72 hours. These patients received 92% (physiotherapy), 88% (occupational therapy), 57% (speech and language therapy) and 5% (clinical psychology), respectively.ResultsThe average amount of therapy, for individual and ‘any’ therapy combined per day of stay was low. Overall, 41% were discharged with an ‘independent’ modified Rankin Scale (≤2), 14% died, 44% were discharged home, and the median length of stay was 16 days. We observed complex relationships between amount of therapy received and outcomes. An additional minute of ‘any’ therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language therapy and clinical psychology was associated with improved outcomes. Conversely, more physiotherapy was also associated with lower mortality and shorter length of stay, but also lower independence and discharge home.ConclusionsOur findings suggest for stroke inpatients requiring therapy, ‘More is better’ may be overly simplistic. Strong limitations associated with analysis of routine data restrict further robust investigation of the therapy–response relationship. Robust prospective work is urgently needed to further investigate the relationships observed here.
Dioptric power and refractive behaviour: a review of methods and applications
Authors: Rubin Alan , Evans Tanya , Hasrod Nabeela 
Published: April 2022

Myopia is a global healthcare concern and effective analyses of dioptric power are important in evaluating potential treatments involving surgery, orthokeratology, drugs such as low-dose (0.05%) atropine and gene therapy. This paper considers issues of concern when analysing refractive state such as data normality, transformations, outliers and anisometropia. A brief review of methods for analysing and representing dioptric power is included but the emphasis is on the optimal approach to understanding refractive state (and its variation) in addressing pertinent clinical and research questions.Although there have been significant improvements in the analysis of refractive state, areas for critical consideration remain and the use of power matrices as opposed to power vectors is one such area. Another is effective identification of outliers in refractive data. The type of multivariate distribution present with samples of dioptric power is often not considered. Similarly, transformations of samples (of dioptric power) towards normality and the effects of such transformations are not thoroughly explored. These areas (outliers, normality and transformations) need further investigation for greater efficacy and proper inferences regarding refractive error. Although power vectors are better known, power matrices are accentuated herein due to potential advantages for statistical analyses of dioptric power such as greater simplicity, completeness, and improved facility for quantitative and graphical representation of refractive state.
Interleukin-11 drives human and mouse alcohol-related liver disease
Authors: Effenberger Maria , Widjaja Anissa A , Grabherr Felix , Schaefer Benedikt , Grander Christoph , Mayr Lisa , Schwaerzler Julian , Enrich Barbara , Moser Patrizia , Fink Julia , Pedrini Alisa , Jaschke Nikolai , Kirchmair Alexander , Pfister Alexandra , Hausmann Bela , Bale Reto , Putzer Daniel , Zoller Heinz , Schafer Sebastian , Pjevac Petra , Trajanoski Zlatko , Oberhuber Georg , Adolph Timon , Cook Stuart , Tilg Herbert 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) reflects acute exacerbation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and is a growing healthcare burden worldwide. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a profibrotic, proinflammatory cytokine with increasingly recognised toxicities in parenchymal and epithelial cells. We explored IL-11 serum levels and their prognostic value in patients suffering from AH and cirrhosis of various aetiology and experimental ALD.DesignIL-11 serum concentration and tissue expression was determined in a cohort comprising 50 patients with AH, 110 patients with cirrhosis and 19 healthy volunteers. Findings were replicated in an independent patient cohort (n=186). Primary human hepatocytes exposed to ethanol were studied in vitro. Ethanol-fed wildtype mice were treated with a neutralising murine IL-11 receptor-antibody (anti-IL11RA) and examined for severity signs and markers of ALD.ResultsIL-11 serum concentration and hepatic expression increased with severity of liver disease, mostly pronounced in AH. In a multivariate Cox-regression, a serum level above 6.4 pg/mL was a model of end-stage liver disease independent risk factor for transplant-free survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. In mice, severity of alcohol-induced liver inflammation correlated with enhanced hepatic IL-11 and IL11RA expression. In vitro and in vivo, anti-IL11RA reduced pathogenic signalling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, NADPH oxidase 4) and protected hepatocytes and murine livers from ethanol-induced inflammation and injury.ConclusionPathogenic IL-11 signalling in hepatocytes plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ALD and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for transplant-free survival. Blocking IL-11 signalling might be a therapeutic option in human ALD, particularly AH.
Larmor rotation in galaxies
Authors: Ludwig G. O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of the gravitomagnetic field in the rotation of galaxies is clarified. Larmor’s theorem simplifies the analysis of different galactic equilibrium solutions. In particular, the self-consistent solution, which takes into account both the equivalent Larmor gravitomagnetic field and fluid convection, recovers previous results that reproduce galactic rotation curves without recourse to dark matter.
Overcoming CAR-Mediated CD19 Downmodulation and Leukemia Relapse with T Lymphocytes Secreting Anti-CD19 T-cell Engagers
Authors: Blanco Belén , Ramírez-Fernández Ángel , Bueno Clara , Argemí-Muntadas Lidia , Fuentes Patricia , Aguilar-Sopeña Óscar , Gutierrez-Agüera Francisco , Zanetti Samanta Romina , Tapia-Galisteo Antonio , Díez-Alonso Laura , Segura-Tudela Alejandro , Castellà Maria , Marzal Berta , Betriu Sergi , Harwood Seandean L. , Compte Marta , Lykkemark Simon , Erce-Llamazares Ainhoa , Rubio-Pérez Laura , Jiménez-Reinoso Anaïs , Domínguez-Alonso Carmen , Neves Maria , Morales Pablo , Paz-Artal Estela , Guedan Sonia , Sanz Laura , Toribio María L. , Roda-Navarro Pedro , Juan Manel , Menéndez Pablo , Álvarez-Vallina Luis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells have revolutionized the treatment of CD19-positive hematologic malignancies. Although anti-CD19 CAR-engineered autologous T cells can induce remission in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a large subset relapse, most of them with CD19-positive disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are clearly needed. Here, we report a comprehensive study comparing engineered T cells either expressing a second-generation anti-CD19 CAR (CAR-T19) or secreting a CD19/CD3-targeting bispecific T-cell engager antibody (STAb-T19). We found that STAb-T19 cells are more effective than CAR-T19 cells at inducing cytotoxicity, avoiding leukemia escape in vitro, and preventing relapse in vivo. We observed that leukemia escape in vitro is associated with rapid and drastic CAR-induced internalization of CD19 that is coupled with lysosome-mediated degradation, leading to the emergence of transiently CD19-negative leukemic cells that evade the immune response of engineered CAR-T19 cells. In contrast, engineered STAb-T19 cells induce the formation of canonical immunologic synapses and prevent the CD19 downmodulation observed in anti-CD19 CAR-mediated interactions. Although both strategies show similar efficacy in short-term mouse models, there is a significant difference in a long-term patient-derived xenograft mouse model, where STAb-T19 cells efficiently eradicated leukemia cells, but leukemia relapsed after CAR-T19 therapy. Our findings suggest that the absence of CD19 downmodulation in the STAb-T19 strategy, coupled with the continued antibody secretion, allows an efficient recruitment of the endogenous T-cell pool, resulting in fast and effective elimination of cancer cells that may prevent CD19-positive relapses frequently associated with CAR-T19 therapies.
Tumor-Associated High Endothelial Venules: Inroads Enabling Immune Control of Cancer Progression
Authors: Gallimore Awen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Infiltration of lymphocytes into solid tumors represents a significant bottleneck to successful control of tumor growth. The nature of tumor blood vessels is an important factor governing both quantitative and qualitative features of the immune infiltrate. In this issue, Sawada and colleagues identify a genetic signature for blood vessels, most notably high endothelial venules, which are associated with tertiary lymphoid structures and improved clinical outcome.
See related article by Sawada et al., p. 468 (4).
90 vs 50-Watt Radiofrequency Applications for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Experimental and Clinical Findings
Authors: Bortone Agustín , Albenque Jean-Paul , Ramirez F. Daniel , Haïssaguerre Michel , Combes Stéphane , Constantin Marion , Laborie Guillaume , Brault-Noble Guillaume , Marijon Éloi , Jaïs Pierre , Pambrun Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Fifty-watt radiofrequency applications have proven to be safe and efficient for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, as PV reconnection still occurs and ablation catheter instability significantly contributes to suboptimal lesion formation, a new ablation catheter capable of delivering 90 W for 4 seconds only has been developed with the aim of improving PVI outcomes. In this setting, we sought to determine whether 90 W applications create transmural lesions without collateral damage experimentally and whether they can safely improve PVI procedures clinically compared with 50 W settings.

Methods:
Experimentally, individual lesions were created in vivo in the right atrium of 6 swine with 90 W-4 seconds applications using the SmartTouch-SF catheter in a power-controlled mode (3 animals) or the QDOT-MICRO catheter in a temperature-controlled mode (3 animals). Clinically, PVI was performed in a homogenous population of 150 consecutive paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients using CARTO and the QDOT-MICRO catheter in a temperature-controlled mode (75 patients 50 W-ablation index-guided and 75 patients 90 W-4 seconds).

Results:

Mostly, (94.9%) experimental lesions were transmural in the thin-walled right atrium of swine. However, collateral damage was observed with both catheters in 17.9% of lesions. Clinically, 90 W procedures had a lower first-pass PVI rate (49% versus 81%,
P
<10
−4
) and a higher acute PV reconnection rate (21% versus 5%,
P
=0.004) than 50 W procedures, whereas total procedural duration (62 versus 66 minutes,
P
=0.09), 1-year sinus rhythm maintenance (88% versus 90%,
P
=0.6) and safety (1 tamponade per group) were similar in both groups.

Conclusions:
Experimentally, using the QDOT-MICRO catheter, 90 W-4 seconds lesions are mostly transmural in the thin-walled right atrium of swine (median depth 1.87 mm) with a moderate lesion diameter of 6.62 mm but retain the potential for collateral damage. Clinically, 90 W-4 seconds applications are associated with a lower first-pass PVI rate and a higher acute PV reconnection rate than 50 W applications but similar safety outcomes and effectiveness at 1 year.
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Versus Non‐Hispanic White Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2018
Authors: Khan Safi U. , Lone Ahmad N. , Yedlapati Siva H. , Dani Sourbha S. , Khan Muhammad Zia , Watson Karol E. , Parwani Purvi , Rodriguez Fatima , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Michos Erin D. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Life expectancy has been higher for Hispanic versus non‐Hispanic White (NHW) individuals; however, data are limited on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Method and Results

Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research death certificate database (1999–2018), we compared age‐adjusted mortality rates for total CVD and its subtypes (ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, other CVD), and average annual percentage changes among Hispanic and NHW adults. The age‐adjusted mortality rate per 100 000 was lower for Hispanic than NHW adults for total CVD (186.4 versus 254.6;
P
<0.001) and its subtypes. Between 1999 and 2018, mortality decline was higher in Hispanic than NHW adults for total CVD (average annual percentage change [AAPC], −2.90 versus −2.41) and ischemic heart disease (AAPC: −4.44 versus −3.82) (
P
<0.001). In contrast, stroke mortality decline was slower in Hispanic versus NHW adults (AAPC: −2.05 versus −2.60;
P
<0.05). Stroke mortality increased in Hispanic but stalled in NHW adults since 2011 (AAPC: 0.79 versus −0.09). For ischemic heart disease (AAPC: −0.80 versus −1.85) and stroke (AAPC: −1.32 versus −1.43) mortality decline decelerated more for Hispanic than NHW adults aged <45 years (
P
<0.05). For heart failure, Hispanic adults aged <45 (3.55 versus 2.16) and 45 to 64 (1.88 versus 1.54) showed greater rise in age‐adjusted mortality rate than NHW individuals (
P
<0.05). Age‐adjusted heart failure mortality rate also accelerated in Hispanic versus NHW men (1.00 versus 0.67;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Disaggregating data by CVD subtype and demographics unmasked heterogeneities in CVD mortality between Hispanic and NHW adults. NHW adults had greater CVD mortality rates and slower decline than Hispanic adults, whereas marked demographic differences in mortality signaled concerning trends among the Hispanic versus NHW population.
How Constructive Design Researchers Drift: Four Epistemologies
Authors: Krogh Peter Gall , Koskinen Ilpo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article contributes to methodological studies of constructive design research by explicating its underlying epistemological foundations. At the heart of this article is the notion of drifting, defined as those actions that move design from its original objective or question to sometimes unanticipated results. The article explicates four traditions of knowledge production as derived from a corpus based on PhD theses. These traditions relate knowledge production to methods, research programs, design experience, and to a dialectic between researchers and user communities. As a result, they form epistemological traditions.
Public Theology Facing Digital Spaces Public Theology, Digital Theology and Changing Spaces for Theological Reasoning
Authors: van Oorschot Frederike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Digital technologies are increasingly transforming communication, culture, and the public sphere. These developments lead to new hybrid spaces and publics, propelling a cultural change that affects not only our understanding of public but also the way we think and act as public theologians. This article examines the implications of this change for a public theology in and for digital spaces in relation to current debates about digital theology.
Outlining different governances of digital public spaces, it reflects on the hermeneutical and epistemological implications for theological thinking of and in public spaces. Taking up the debates of digital theology, it highlights the challenges of changing theological models and concepts in the search for theologies of the digital.
Reflecting about the Past, Present, and Future of UN Mediation
Authors: Hellmüller Sara , Wählisch Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This thematic issue explores the past, present, and future of UN mediation. Based on in-depth case studies of UN mediation in some of the most intractable contemporary armed conflicts, it shows the challenges related to lacking consensus amongst third parties, disunity in the UN Security Council, and the internationalization of conflicts. At the same time, it highlights the UN’s legitimacy, expertise, and convening power, and its importance in the context of broader international dispute management systems. It also underlines the need to rethink how we measure success of UN mediation efforts and to reflect on the consequences of increasing normative plurality in world politics. Finally, this issue points to some areas for future research, including more critical mediation theory, reflections about the worldviews underlying UN mediation, and innovative approaches related to the UN reform agenda.