bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN GURU KELAS DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Zephisius Rudiyanto Eso Ntelok  
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh guru kelas sekolah dasar dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran secara jarak jauh serta upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru kelas untuk tetap memenuhi kebutuhan belajar siswa sekolah dasar di tengah pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder hasil penelitian terdahulu dari artikel-artikel ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dikaji. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan mengadopsi model analisis data dari Miles dan Hubermann. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran jarak jauh selama masa pandemi covid-19 mengalami berbagai hambatan khususnya jika berbasis pembelajaran daring. Hambatan tersebut berupa ketimpangan teknologi, kompetensi digital, kondisi sosial ekonomi, kesulitan pengawasan dan evaluasi serta beban kerja guru yang bertambah merubah materi menjadi bentuk elektronik. Namun demikian, terdapat beberapa upaya yang dilakukan guru sekolah dasar untuk mengatasi kesulitan belajar peserta didiknya. Secara umum, solusi tersebut dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok besar yaitu secara luring (luar jaringan/offline) dan semi-daring. Secara luring dilakukan dengan kunjungan rumah/ door to door, pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas sesuai jadwal dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang ketat, dan mengambil tugas ke sekolah agar tetap dapat mengontrol kemajuan belajar siswa. Secara semi-daring dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi pesan instan WhatsApp dan penggunaan video pembelajaran tayang tunda.
ON THE MANUFACTURE TECHNIQUE OF PSEUDO-TWISTED WISPS OF THE PECTORAL FROM THE TOVSTA MOHYLA BARROW
Authors: Babenko L. I. 
Published: June 2022

The pectoral from the Tovsta Mohyla is an astonishing artifact which gathered different technical ways of Hellenic jewelry art. During this jewelry, which is composed of more than 160 details, a few dozens of different technical operations had been used. Till that time the less understood thing is a complex of ways that have been used by a craftsman during manufacturing of four pseudo-twisted hollow wisps, that framed figured pectoral friezes. None of the proposed reconstructions doesn’t give clear understanding on the most important elements of the technologic process of manufacture of the wisps, namely — technical operations used by an artisan for obtaining the verisimilar relief of a twisted wisp on hollow tubes.
A definite clue for resolving this question can be given by construction of the torque from the Kul-Oba burial, a wisp of which consisted of a bronze twisted stem covered with a gold plate. Such construction could generate the idea of the manufacturing of hollow relief wisps with twisting imitation. To obtain them the craftsman twisted a wisp matrix from seven bronze wires. On that wisp a heat sealed tube rolled of thin gold sheet was placed. By the means of the basma technique — by pressure of wooden, bony or metal tools on a gold sheet, a twisted relief was squeezed at the tube. Then the tube was unscrewed from the matrix by turning around its radial axis towards a thinner tip of the matrix.
The torque from the Solokha burial mount also has similar wisp construction. It stands for the fact of using identical technology during their manufacturing and of possible manufacturing of the pectoral and the torque by goldsmiths of the same workshop, or even by the same artisan.
NEW RESEARCH OF FORTIFICATION OF THE BASIVKA HILL-FORT
Authors: Korzh A. A. 
Published: June 2022

Defensive structures are the integral part of any fortified settlement. Their study requires significant labor costs, so usually the earthen constructions haven’t received enough attention from the predecessors.
Basivka hill-fort is definitely the key settlement of the Scythian Age in the Sula River basin. Its total area is approximately 170 ha. The central, residential part is located on three well-fortified capes. Not all fortification areas were created simultaneously but had developed dynamically in time and space. Successful usage of natural topographic features at this settlement is combined with the basics of defense tactics.
Modern agricultural activity and dwelling construction led to significant damage,and in some places to the destruction of earthen structures of Basivka hill-fort. This is especially true of the Great Outer Rampart which is well-preserved only in the eastern part.
The complexity of the modern terrain and the significant forest cover were the determining factors that hindered the preparation of the most accurate topographic plan of this site. The paper presents a new plan of central fortifications but it also needs to be revised which is a matter of the future.
A separate issue of the work is devoted to the placement of ancient entrances, which, like the fortification in general, could change over time and move from the main to the role of secondary ones.
The paper highlights the results of excavations of the Great Basivka Rampart which were conducted in 2020—2021. It is ascertained that the defensive structures cover the cultural layer of the settlement. In general, valuable information was obtained regarding the development of fortifications in the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe of Dnieper Left-Bank area in the Scythian Age.
EXCAVATION OF THE BURIAL GROUND KARIV I OF ROMAN AGE IN THE WESTERN BUG BASIN IN 2019—2020
Authors: Onyshchuk Ja. I. 
Published: June 2022

The paper highlights the results of research conducted in 2019—2020 at the archaeological site cremation burial ground Kariv I of the Roman period in the basin of the Western Bug River. During the excavations 3 cremation burials were found which perhaps included the remains of one male and two females. Noteworthy is the partially destroyed female burial 12. Rich items of funeral inventory were found there, including the household items, metal costume details, jewelry, including jewelry made of yellow metal. The tilth soil layer contained fragments of glass and ceramic imported utensils, brooches, weapons and horse harness, armour ect. In total 12 cremation burials (including one pair burial) with a variety of equipment were found on the area of 1456 m2 during the entire period of research on the burial ground Kariv I. The remains of thirteen people were found in the burial assemblages: seven men, five women and one adolescent child (infantilis II group). We can suppose that the site may have been a burial place for barbarian elite and members of its inner circle. On the basis of numerous finds (brooches, spurs, tips of drinking horns, amphorae, glass and bronze vessels, etc.), most of which come from closed assemblages, the chronology of the burial ground is ascertained by the second half of the 2nd century CE (phase B2/C1). The people who left the site had mixed cultural traits. The mix of funeral traditions of the Przeworsk culture with notable South Germanic (Suebian), Baltic and Venetian elements can be found on the site. The events of the Marcomannic Wars, during or after which some members of the barbarian coalition tried to leave the troubled areas of the Middle Danube, moving away from Roman political influence in the European Barbaricum, perhaps may be the reason of appearance in the region of the population whom the burial ground belong.
The Effect of the Fluctuating Interplanetary Magnetic Field on the Cosmic Ray Intensity Profile of the Ground-level Enhancement (GLE) Events
Authors: Moradi Ashraf , Giacalone Joe 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We numerically integrate the equations of motion of a large number of GeV protons, released impulsively near the Sun, in order to study their time–intensity behavior at the location of an observer at 1 au. This is relevant to the interpretation of Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) detected by neutron monitors on Earth. Generally, the observed time–intensity profiles reveal a single sharp rise, followed by slow decay. However, in the 1989 October 22 GLE event, there was an initial sharp spike followed by a secondary smaller spike in the particle intensity. We consider whether the propagation of the high-energy protons in a large-scale turbulent interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) can lead to this unusual time–intensity profile. The IMF model includes large-scale magnetic turbulence and a heliospheric current sheet. Ad-hoc scattering is used to mimic the effect of smaller-scale fluctuations resulting in pitch-angle scattering. Proton fluxes as a function of time and location for an observer are determined for various turbulence parameters, IMF polarities, and the size of the particle source near the Sun. We find that the fluctuating IMF leads to considerable variation in the arrival location of the particles crossing 1 au, and the time–intensity profile depends significantly on the observer's location and can have multiple peaks. An alternate explanation for the unusual structure in the 1989 October 22 GLE event is provided. Our findings show that the large-scale turbulent IMF enhances the access of the high-energy protons to the HCS at the early time of the event, which leads to efficient cross-field transport.
Connecting Primordial Star-forming Regions and Second-generation Star Formation in the Phoenix Simulations
Authors: Wells Azton I. , Norman Michael L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We introduce the Phoenix Simulations, a suite of highly resolved cosmological simulations featuring hydrodynamics, primordial gas chemistry, primordial and enriched star formation and feedback, UV radiative transfer, and saved outputs with Δt = 200 kyr. We observe 73,523 individual primordial stars within 3313 distinct regions forming 2110 second-generation enriched star clusters by z ≥ 12 within a combined 177.25 Mpc3 volume across three simulations. The regions that lead to enriched star formation can contain ≳150 primordial stars, with 80% of regions having experienced combinations of primordial Type II, hypernovae, and/or pair-instability supernovae. Primordial supernovae enriched 0.8% of the volume, with 2% of enriched gas enriched by later-generation stars. We determine the extent of a primordial stellar region by its metal-rich or ionized hydrogen surrounding cloud; the metal-rich and ionized regions have time-dependent average radii r ≲ 3 kpc. 7 and 17% of regions have r > 7 kpc for metal-rich and ionized radii, respectively. We find that the metallicity distribution function of second-generation stars overlaps that of subsequent Population II star formation, spanning metal-deficient (∼7.94 × 10−8
Z
⊙) to supersolar (∼3.71 Z
⊙), and that 30.5% of second-generation stars have Z > 10−2
Z
⊙. We find that the metallicity of second-generation stars depends on progenitor configuration, with metals from pair-instability supernovae contributing to the most metal-rich clusters; these clusters form promptly after the supernova event. Finally, we create an interpretable regression model to predict the radius of the metal-rich influence of Population III star systems within the first 7–18 Myr after the first Population III stars form in the region.
Insight-HXMT Study of the Inner Accretion Disk in the Black Hole Candidate EXO 1846–031
Authors: Ren X. Q. , Wang Yanan , Zhang S. N. , Soria R. , Tao L. , Ji L. , Yang Y. J. , Qu J. L. , Zhang S. , Song L. M. , Ge M. Y. , Huang Y. , Li X. B. , Liao J. Y. , Liu H. X. , Ma R. C. , Tuo Y. L. , Wang P. J. , Zhang W. , Zhou D. K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the spectral evolution of the black hole candidate EXO 1846−031 during its 2019 outburst, in the 1–150 keV band, with the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope. The continuum spectrum is well modeled with an absorbed disk-blackbody plus cutoff power law, in the hard, intermediate, and soft states. In addition, we detect an ≈6.6 keV Fe emission line in the hard intermediate state. Throughout the soft intermediate and soft states, the fitted inner disk radius remains almost constant; we suggest that it has settled at the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). However, in the hard and hard intermediate states, the apparent inner radius was unphysically small (smaller than the ISCO), even after accounting for the Compton scattering of some of the disk photons by the corona in the fit. We argue that this is the result of a high hardening factor, f
col ≈ 2.0–2.7, in the early phases of the outburst evolution, well above the canonical value of 1.7 suitable for a steady disk. We suggest that the inner disk radius was already close to the ISCO in the low/hard state. Furthermore, we propose that this high value of the hardening factor in the relatively hard state was probably caused by the additional illuminating of the coronal irradiation onto the disk. Additionally, we estimate the spin parameter using the continuum-fitting method, over a range of plausible black hole masses and distances. We compare our results with the spin measured using the reflection-fitting method and find that the inconsistency of the two results is partly caused by different choices of f
col.
The 26Al Production of the ν

e
-process in the Explosion of Massive Stars
Authors: Li Gexing , Li Zhihong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The core collapses of massive stars at the ends of their lives will produce powerful streams of neutrinos, which provide an important contribution to the 26Al yield during the explosion stage. In this work, the contribution of the process

26

Mg

(

ν

e

,

e

−

)

26

Al

to the radioactive 26Al in the Milky Way is studied based on a simple model. By combining the calculation of the neutrino-nucleus cross section and some hypotheses about core-collapse supernova explosions, the ratio of 26Al and 26Mg of the ν

e
-process is estimated. An analytical relationship between the 26Mg yield and the initial mass and metallicity of massive stars is then obtained, making it easy to estimate the 26Mg and 26Al yields analytically. Due to the simplicity of the model, we can move away from complex calculations and into a careful study of the effects of some important factors, such as the radius of the O/Ne shell, the shock velocity, the neutrino spectrum, the Galactic mass and metallicity distribution, and so on. The uncertainties of the 26Al yield contributed from these factors are discussed in detail. This study will facilitate an intuitive understanding of the buried implicit assumptions in previous studies.
The Temporal and Spatial Behaviors of CME Occurrence Rate at Different Latitudes
Authors: Lin Jiaqi , Wang Feng , Deng Linhua , Deng Hui , Mei Ying , Xie Yangfan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The statistical study of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a hot topic in solar physics. To further reveal the temporal and spatial behaviors of the CMEs at different latitudes and heights, we analyzed the correlation and phase relationships between the occurrence rate of CMEs, the coronal brightness index (CBI), and the 10.7 cm solar radio flux (F10.7). We found that the occurrence rate of the CMEs correlates with the CBI relatively stronger at high latitudes (≥60°) than at low latitudes (≤50°). At low latitudes, the occurrence rate of the CMEs correlates relatively weaker with the CBI than the F10.7. There is a relatively stronger correlation relationship between CMEs, the F10.7, and the CBI during Solar Cycle 24 (SC24) than Solar Cycle 23 (SC23). During SC23, the high-latitude CME occurrence rate lags behind the F10.7 by 3 months, and during SC24, the low-latitude CME occurrence rate leads the low-latitude CBI by 1 month. The correlation coefficient values turn out to be larger when the very faint CMEs are removed from the samples of the CDAW catalog. Based on our results, we may speculate that the source regions of the high/low-latitude CMEs may vary in height, and the process of magnetic energy accumulation and dissipation is from the lower to the upper atmosphere of the Sun. The temporal offsets between different indicators could help us better understand the physical processes responsible for the solar-terrestrial interactions.
Droits culturels
Authors: Sourisseau Réjane , Offroy Cécile 
Published: June 2022

Les droits culturels peuvent parfois donner l’impression d’énoncer des lapalissades sur des actions qui sont depuis longtemps menées par les acteurs culturels. Ce ne serait que du « bla-bla ». Réjane Sourisseau et Cécile Offroy mettent ici en évidence qu’au-delà d’une nouvelle terminologie, c’est surtout d’un changement de paradigme dont il est question, bouleversant en profondeur notre approche de la culture qui ne saurait se cantonner à l’art, ni ne se réduire à une fonction instrumentale en vue d’une injonction à l’émancipation.
Chômage et handicap : un accompagnement au service de la normativité
Authors: Hamraoui Éric , Lhuilier Dominique , Portsmouth Katherine , Waser Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2022

La recherche-action (RA) présentée ici a pour objet, en privilégiant l’approche diachronique, l’analyse des parcours de vie de chômeurs à la santé fragilisée. Le parcours de vie est un paradigme pluridisciplinaire qui oriente nos choix à la fois théoriques et méthodologiques. Nous retiendrons ici des trajectoires croisées de santé et travail qui conduisent à une rupture « immobilisante ». Une sélection de parcours de vie permet de repérer l’impact des ruptures temporelles qui accompagnent l’irruption d’un événement de santé, synonyme souvent d’une atrophie du futur, associées à la désorganisation temporelle induite par le chômage. Ces situations mettant à l’épreuve nombre de modalités d’accompagnement par les professionnels de l’emploi et de l’insertion, nous expérimentons dans le cadre de cette RA un dispositif collectif d’accompagnement. Ces Ateliers Chômage et santé, visent à favoriser le développement de la normativité permettant à des adultes en situation de handicap de construire un projet d’activité ou professionnel compte tenu de leur santé et des autres sphères de leur vie. Les fonctions du groupe, de l’activité partagée et du récit seront plus particulièrement analysées au prisme des étapes de la relance d’une dynamique temporelle vectorisée par l’inscription dans un groupe de pairs et par la construction de ressources collectives dans le processus de temporalisation.
Submandibular gland in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Joshi Kamal Deep , Joshi Poonam , Bhati Muddasir , Nair Sudhir , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: June 2022

Context:
The submandibular glands (SMGs) excision during head-and-neck oncosurgeries lead to significant morbidity and degradation of quality of life (QOL). The preservation of SMGs during head-and-neck oncosurgeries, without affecting oncological safety, will improve QOL by preventing xerostomia in these patients.

Aims:
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the involvement of SMG by malignancy during neck dissection being done for the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of tongue and to evaluate oncological safety of SMG preservation in SCC of the tongue.
Settings and Design: The study design was a retrospective analytical study.

Subjects and Methods:
The study included 391 patients of SCC of tongue operated at Quaternary oncological center from January 2016 to February 2020. The treatment records of 371 patients were reviewed for demographical data, nodal metastasis, and histopathological involvement of SMG by SCC. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22.

Results:
A total of 555 necks dissected were assessed, out of which 95 necks dissected were positive for nodal metastasis at level Ib. The SMG was involved by SCC in only two cases, both of which were poorly differentiated SCC. No intraglandular lymph nodes were detected in any of the SMG dissected.

Conclusions:
The study showed that involvement of the SMG by SCC of the tongue is not very common, and it may be possible to preserve the SMG during neck dissection in selected cases in SCC of the tongue. The preservation will definitely improve QOL of the patients, as excision of the SMG is one of the prominent factors, resulting in xerostomia.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of ‘over-the-counter’ medications among medical and non-medical professionals during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Raut Asawari , Varghese Biji Elza , Singh Digamber Rajendra , Reji Shirin Mariyam 
Published: June 2022

Background:
India is one of the emerging markets for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and offers significant growth potential for the industry. There has been a huge rise in the use of OTC drugs since the beginning of the pandemic for which some major reasons are lack of time, non-availability of prescribers, and hospital exposure during a pandemic.

Aim:
To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of ‘over-the-counter’ medications among medical and non-medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted at Bharati Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive observational study was conducted.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive (mean, percentage, and standard deviation) and inferential (chi-square test) statistics were used. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) software version 10.0.

Results:
Out of 310 samples majority showed poor knowledge (50.65%), high practice (56.13%), and negative attitude (70%) towards the use of OTC drugs. There is a significant association found between age (p-value 0) and health care status (p-value 0) with the level of knowledge. Age group (p-value 0.046) and employee status (p-value 0.00033) showed a significant association with the practice of OTC drugs. Healthcare status showed a significant association (p-value 0.0007) towards attitude toward the use of OTC drugs.

Conclusion:
Participants reported overall poor knowledge with a negative attitude and adopted the high practice use of OTC drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased awareness about self-medication is important to avoid complications associated with the high practice of OTC medications.