bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage-derived IGF-1 protects the neonatal intestine against necrotizing enterocolitis by promoting microvascular development
Authors: Yan Xiaocai , Managlia Elizabeth , Zhao You-Yang , Tan Xiao-Di , De Plaen Isabelle G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly bowel necrotic disease of premature infants. Low levels of plasma IGF-1 predispose premature infants to NEC. While increasing evidence suggests that defective perinatal intestinal microvascular development plays a role in NEC, the involved mechanism remains incompletely understood. We report here that serum and intestinal IGF-1 are developmentally regulated during the perinatal period in mice and decrease during experimental NEC. Neonatal intestinal macrophages produce IGF-1 and promote endothelial cell sprouting in vitro via IGF-1 signaling. In vivo, in the neonatal intestine, macrophage-derived IGF-1 promotes VEGF expression and endothelial cell proliferation and protects against experimental NEC. Exogenous IGF-1 preserves intestinal microvascular density and protects against experimental NEC. In human NEC tissues, villous endothelial cell proliferation and IGF-1- producing macrophages are decreased compared to controls. Together, our results suggest that defective IGF-1-production by neonatal macrophages impairs neonatal intestinal microvascular development and predisposes the intestine to necrotizing enterocolitis.
Characterization of Cme and Yme thermostable Cas12a orthologs
Authors: Fuchs Ryan T. , Curcuru Jennifer L. , Mabuchi Megumu , Noireterre Audrey , Weigele Peter R. , Sun Zhiyi , Robb G. Brett 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCRISPR-Cas12a proteins are RNA-guided endonucleases that cleave invading DNA containing target sequences adjacent to protospacer adjacent motifs (PAM). Cas12a orthologs have been repurposed for genome editing in non-native organisms by reprogramming them with guide RNAs to target specific sites in genomic DNA. After single-turnover dsDNA target cleavage, multiple-turnover, non-specific single-stranded DNA cleavage in trans is activated. This property has been utilized to develop in vitro assays to detect the presence of specific DNA target sequences. Most applications of Cas12a use one of three well-studied enzymes. Here, we characterize the in vitro activity of two previously unknown Cas12a orthologs. These enzymes are active at higher temperatures than widely used orthologs and have subtle differences in PAM preference, on-target cleavage, and trans nuclease activity. Together, our results enable refinement of Cas12a-based in vitro assays especially when elevated temperature is desirable.
Simultaneous triple-parametric optical mapping of transmembrane potential, intracellular calcium and NADH for cardiac physiology assessment
Authors: George Sharon A. , Lin Zexu , Efimov Igor R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInvestigation of the complex relationships and dependencies of multiple cellular processes that govern cardiac physiology and pathophysiology requires simultaneous dynamic assessment of multiple parameters. In this study, we introduce triple-parametric optical mapping to simultaneously image metabolism, electrical excitation, and calcium signaling from the same field of view and demonstrate its application in the field of drug testing and cardiovascular research. We applied this metabolism-excitation-contraction coupling (MECC) methodology to test the effects of blebbistatin, 4-aminopyridine and verapamil on cardiac physiology. While blebbistatin and 4-aminopyridine alter multiple aspects of cardiac function suggesting off-target effects, the effects of verapamil were on-target and it altered only one of ten tested parameters. Triple-parametric optical mapping was also applied during ischemia and reperfusion; and we identified that metabolic changes precede the effects of ischemia on cardiac electrophysiology.
Stochastic peer to peer energy trading among charging station of electric vehicles based on blockchain mechanism
Authors: Salmani Hossein , Rezazade Alireza , Sedighizadeh Mostafa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFossil‐fuelled vehicles are being replaced by electric vehicles (EVs) around the world due to environmental pollution and high fossil fuel price. On the one hand, the electrical grid is faced with some challenges when too many EVs are improperly integrated. On the other hand, using massive unexploited capacity of the battery storage in too many EVs makes these challenges to opportunities. This unused capacity can be employed for the grid ancillary services and trading peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy. However, the preference of EV users is one of the most important factors, which has to be considered within the scheduling process of EVs. Therefore, this paper proposes a stochastic model for EVs bidirectional smart charging taking into account the preferences of EV users, P2P energy trading, and providing ancillary services of the grid based on blockchain mechanism. Considering the preferences of EV users makes the proposed scheduling model adaptive against changing operating conditions. The presented model is formulated as an optimisation problem aiming at optimal management of EV battery state of charge and energy placement of several services considering the provision of ancillary services and contributing to P2P transactions. To evaluate the proposed model, real‐world data collected from Tehran city are used as input data of simulation. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the presented model. Simulation results show that considering the preferences of EV users in the proposed model can enhance the total income provided by the EV energy‐planning model such that it could balance the charging cost. Moreover, this advanced user‐based smart charging model increases P2P energy transactions amongst EVs and raises the ancillary services facility to the grid.
Active power decoupling for differential boost inverter with linear and nonlinear loads using inverse model approach
Authors: Gholizade‐Narm Hossein , Tahani Vahid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel control system structure is introduced for generating a sinusoidal wave on the differential boost inverter terminals using inverse model approach. To address the high‐frequency resonance issues, an active damping technique is proposed. Proportional‐resonant controllers are designed for tracking and harmonic rejection. Pulling direct and constant current from photovoltaic panels as the DC source is essential in maximum power point tracking. Therefore, a decoupling controller is utilised to suppress current oscillations. An innovative combination of tracking controller, harmonic rejector, and decoupling controller is proposed in order to provide a sinusoidal voltage output for linear and nonlinear loads with low total harmonic distortion. The proposed method reduces the number of controllers by half compare to conventional methods. In addition to simulation, experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Evidence for thermokarst depressions on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: An interplanetary comparison
Authors: Bouquety A. , Groussin O. , Jorda L. , Séjourné A. , Costard F. , Bouley S. 
Published: April 2022

Aims. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) is ice rich and shows evidence of morphologies driven by sublimation processes. In particular, the fine-particle deposits (FPD) that cover its surface reveal depressions of many tens of meters. A detailed analysis of these morphologies and of the properties of the fine-particle deposits could help to constrain the amount of water ice in the subsurface. The aim of this paper is to characterize these depressions and constrain their formation and evolution by a detailed quantitative study of their morphometry and thermal environment, and through a comparison with similar morphologies on Earth and Mars.
Methods. To study the cometary depressions, we constructed a database of morphometrical parameters for 131 depressions on 67P, 50 alases on Earth, and 200 scalloped depressions on Mars. We measured these parameters manually with the ArcGIS software. We used the images of the Narrow Angle Camera for 67P (down to a resolution of 1 m pixel−1), of the USGC-Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle for the Earth (5 m pixel−1), and of the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment for Mars (25 cm pixel−1). We also used the digital elevation models associated with these images. In addition, we performed a study of the thermal environment of each depression on 67P to estimate the maximum temperature, the total erosion, and the total energy received from the Sun during one revolution. The morphometrical and thermal environment parameters were then used together for a comparative study of the depressions on 67P, the Earth, and Mars.
Results. Our results show that depressions on 67P are geological analogs to alases on Earth and scalloped depressions on Mars; we call them cometary thermokarst depressions. They have been formed by a thermokarst process (i.e., permafrost thawing that causes a subsidence) triggered by water-ice sublimation. The cometary thermokarst depressions on 67P are distributed throughout the nucleus, without preferential distribution for a particular hemisphere or region. They are exclusively located in the fine-particle deposit layer, which is a few meters thick and is thought to have to contain a volume fraction of water ice of about 50% for the subsidence to occur. The formation and evolution of the depressions is driven by the Sun; the side facing the dominant insulation is the preferential direction of erosion. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the periglacial system on comet 67P and of the erosion processes on the nucleus.
Electromyographic and Clinical Investigation of the Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Patients with Diabetes after Surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Yasak Tuğçe , Özkaya Özay , Ergan Şahin Ayça , Çolak Özlem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Studies have shown that results of CTS surgery are poorer in patients with diabetes. In this study, the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on nerve regeneration was investigated through clinical and electromyographic findings in patients with diabetes who underwent CTS surgery.
Methods A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with diabetes who had surgically decompressed CTS was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups. The study group received PRP treatment following surgery. The control group did not receive any treatment. Patients were assessed using electromyography and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire preoperatively as well as postoperatively at 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups visits.
Results There was a decrease in complaints and an improvement in sensory and motor examinations in both groups. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire scores did not show any statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, electromyographic findings showed that there were statistical differences between preoperative and postoperative (3 months, 6 months, and 1 year) results in both groups. When the two groups were compared using preoperative and postoperative (3 months, 6 months, and 1 year) electromyographic values, no statistically significant differences were seen.
Conclusion Single injections of PRP did not have a significant impact on median nerve regeneration following CTS surgery in patients with diabetes. The effectiveness of multiple PRP injections can be investigated in patients with diabetes in future studies.
Novel Three-Dimensional Knitted Fabric for Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Preliminary Clinical Application and Testing in a Diabetic Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Kim Sungae , Hong Jamin , Lee Yongseong , Son Daegu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Population aging has led to an increased incidence of pressure ulcers, resulting in a social burden and economic costs. We developed a three-dimensional knitted fabric (3-DKF) with a pressure-reducing function that can be applied topically in the early stages of pressure ulcers to prevent progression.
Methods We evaluated the effects of the 3-DKF in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus pressure ulcer mouse model, and the fabric was preliminarily applied to patients. Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used for the animal experiments. In the pressure ulcer mouse model, an ischemia-reperfusion injury was created using a magnet on the dorsa of the mice. Pressure was measured with BodiTrak before and after applying the 3-DKF to 14 patients at risk of sacral pressure ulcers.
Results In the 3-DKF-applied mice group, the ulcers were shallower and smaller than those in the control group. Compared with the mice in the control group, the 3-DKF group had lower platelet-derived growth factor-α and neutrophil elastase expression, as parameters related to inflammation, and increased levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and α-smooth muscle actin, which are related to growth factors and proliferation. Additionally, typical normal tissue staining patterns were observed in the 3-DKF group. In the preliminary clinical analysis, the average skin pressure was 26.2 mm Hg before applying the 3-DKF, but it decreased to an average of 23.4 mm Hg after 3-DKF application.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that the newly developed 3-DKF was effective in preventing pressure ulcers through testing in a pressure ulcer animal model and preliminary clinical application.
Developmental Changes in Aural Acoustic Admittance Measurements
Authors: De Chicchis Albert R. , Todd N. Wendell , Nozza Robert J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTympanometry is a clinical measurement routinely included in the assessment of middle ear function. Despite its widespread use, however, fundamental questions remain regarding the need for age-dependent normative data. This study examines normal developmental changes associated with four tympanometric measurements: (1) ear canal volume, (2) peak compensated acoustic admittance, (3) tympanometric width, and (4) tympanometric peak pressure. Of 221 infants and children, aged 6 months to 5 years, enrolled in this study, 99 met the criteria for normal middle ear function as determined via pneumatic tympanoscopy by an experienced pediatric otolaryngologist, and data analysis was confined to those 99 volunteers. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant main effects showing increases in ear canal volume and peak compensated acoustic admittance and decreases in tympanometric width as age increased. Statistically significant differences were not achieved for tympanometric peak pressure. Although statistically significant differences were found, the differences were small and of questionable clinical significance.
Abbreviations: HSD = Honestly Significant Difference test, TPP = tympanometric peak pressure, TW = tympanometric width, Veq = equivalent volume, Ytm = peak compensated acoustic admittance
Human HELB is a processive motor protein that catalyzes RPA clearance from single-stranded DNA
Authors: Hormeno Silvia , Wilkinson Oliver J. , Aicart-Ramos Clara , Kuppa Sahiti , Antony Edwin , Dillingham Mark S. , Moreno-Herrero Fernando 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is a key intermediate in many cellular DNA transactions, including DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Nascent ssDNA is rapidly bound by the Replication Protein A (RPA) complex, forming a nucleoprotein filament that both stabilizes ssDNA and mediates downstream processing events. Paradoxically, however, the very high affinity of RPA for ssDNA may block the recruitment of further factors. In this work, we show that RPA–ssDNA nucleoprotein filaments are specifically targeted by the human HELB helicase. Recruitment of HELB by RPA–ssDNA activates HELB translocation activity, leading to processive removal of upstream RPA complexes. This RPA clearance activity may underpin the diverse roles of HELB in replication and recombination.
Some linguistic features of the physical sciences research article before, during and after the First World War
Authors: Banks David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that in times of great turbulence scientific writing becomes more conservative. In order to see whether this is true of the period of the First World War, a sample of research articles in the field of the physical sciences for the years 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930 was studied. Features relating to process types, passives, first person pronouns, themes and nominalisation were considered. This showed that while there was little evidence for the initial conjecture, it was frequently the case that the direction of change altered during the period 1910 to 1920. This change was often maintained in the following decade. Thus, there are significant changes occurring in the period 1910 to 1920 which warrant further study.
Driving mechanisms for decoupling CO
2
emissions from economic development in the ten largest emission countries
Authors: Chen Chunci , Lu Yonglong , He Guizhen 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

The significant contribution to CO
2
emissions includes historically cumulative emissions in the United States, Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Germany, as well as the current increase in emerging economies, such as China, India, Iran, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia, which contribute 68% of global emissions. Therefore, it is important to measure changes in CO
2
emissions and driving mechanisms in these countries. This study used the LMDI and STIRPAT model to explore driving mechanisms for decoupling CO
2
emissions from economic growth in the 10 largest emission countries based on the World Bank and International Energy Agency databases. The results showed that CO
2
emissions have tripled in these countries over the last 55 years, driven primarily by economic growth (+170%) and population growth (+41%), whereas a decline in energy intensity (−87%) and carbon intensity (−24%) slowed the growth of CO
2
emissions over most of the period. In China, the United States, and India, significant increases in CO
2
emissions were associated with
population and economic growth. Intensity effects were prominent in emission reductions in China, the United States, Germany, Japan, and Russia. Overall, the developed countries except for South Korea showed strong decoupling relationships, whereas six developing countries were weak in decoupling.
Analyzing the effect of chirality and defects on mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced polycarbonate composites using molecular dynamics
Authors: Sharma Nikshunj , Sharma Sumit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study is mainly focused on predicting the impact of change in chirality and defects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mechanical properties of CNT reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composites using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The effect of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) reinforcement with different chirality, [three armchair {(5,5), (6,6), (7,7)}, three zigzag {(9,0), (10,0), (12,0)}, and three chiral {(6,4), (7,5), (8,6)}] in PC has been studied using MD simulation. Also, the effect of vacancy and Stone–Wales (SW) defects in CNTs on the mechanical properties of SWCNT-PC composites has also been predicted. It was concluded that for a constant CNT volume fraction (3%), the longitudinal Young’s modulus of armchair SWCNT-PC composites decreases with an increase in (n, n) value by 35.65%. For zigzag and chiral SWCNT-PC composites, the decrease in Young’s modulus was 53.12% and 36% respectively. Vacancy defected SWCNT-PC composites exhibited greater reduction in Young’s modulus in comparison to the SW defected composites. Chiral SWCNT-PC composites showed the highest reduction in Young’s modulus with an increase in the number of defects.
Omnidirectional and broadband photon harvesting in self-organized Ge columnar nanovoids
Authors: Chowdhury Debasree , Mondal Shyamal , Secchi Maria , Giordano Maria Caterina , Vanzetti Lia , Barozzi Mario , Bersani Massimo , Giubertoni Damiano , Buatier de Mongeot Francesco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Highly porous Germanium surfaces with uniformly distributed columnar nanovoid structures are fabricated over a large area (wafer scale) by large fluence Sn+ irradiation through a thin silicon nitride layer. The latter represents a one-step highly reproducible approach with no material loss to strongly increase photon harvesting into a semiconductor active layer by exploiting the moth-eye antireflection effect. The ion implantation through the nitride cap layer allows fabricating porous nanostructures with high aspect ratio, which can be tailored by varying ion fluence. By comparing the reflectivity of nanoporous Ge films with a flat reference we demonstrate a strong and omnidirectional reduction in the optical reflectivity by a factor of 96% in the selected spectral regions around 960 nm and by a factor of 67.1% averaged over the broad spectral range from 350 to 1800 nm. Such highly anti-reflective nanostructured Ge films prepared over large-areas with a self-organized maskless approach have the potential to impact real world applications aiming at energy harvesting.
Nonlinear gyrokinetic predictions of SPARC burning plasma profiles enabled by surrogate modeling
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez P. , Howard N.T. , Candy J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multi-channel, nonlinear predictions of core temperature and density profiles are performed for the SPARC tokamak (Creely et al 2020 J. Plasma Phys.
86 865860502) accounting for both kinetic neoclassical and fully nonlinear gyro-kinetic turbulent fluxes. A series of flux-tube, nonlinear, electromagnetic simulations using the CGYRO code (Candy et al 2016 J. Comput. Phys.
324 73–93) with six gyrokinetic species are coupled to a nonlinear optimizer using Gaussian process regression techniques. The simultaneous evolution of energy sources, including alpha heat, radiation, and energy exchange, coupled with these high fidelity models and techniques, leads to a converged solution in electron temperature, ion temperature and electron density channels with a minimal number of expensive gyrokinetic simulations without compromising accuracy.
Critical role of current-driven instabilities for ELMs in NSTX
Authors: Kleiner A. , Ferraro N.M. , Canal G. , Diallo A. , Maingi R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The impact of different extended-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) contributions on the stability thresholds of peeling-ballooning modes in ELMing and ELM-free plasmas in the spherical tokamak NSTX is investigated with the initial value code M3D-C1. We show that ELMing discharges in NSTX are limited by resistive current-driven peeling modes, whereas non-ELMing wide-pedestal H-mode discharges are located near the ideal pressure-driven ballooning threshold. It is demonstrated that extended-MHD can lead to more reliable edge stability predictions than existing ideal-MHD models. Resistive peeling-ballooning modes are found to exist well before the ideal stability threshold is met, and kink-peeling modes exhibit considerable sensitivity to plasma resistivity. Other effects not considered in ideal-MHD models affect PB modes in NSTX in a weaker way. Gyroviscous stress appears stabilizing such that the stability boundary lies closer to the experimental point. Equilibrium rotation can suppress ideal core modes and thus isolate edge modes. These results are important for the development of a predictive pedestal model for low-aspect ratio tokamaks.