bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of blood parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism between two subtypes of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Zhu Qiu‐Gen , Zhu Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt remains unclear whether metabolic profiles differ within the subtypes of primary aldosteronism (PA). This meta‐analysis aimed to compare the blood parameters related to lipid and glucose metabolism at baseline between unilateral PA and bilateral PA. A search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Sciencedirect databases, supplemented by hand‐searching of related references. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each parameter. Twenty‐one studies involving 4197 patients with PA were included. Compared with bilateral PA groups, unilateral PA groups demonstrated significantly lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C, SMD: −.14 mmol/L, 95% CI: −.20, −.07), total cholesterol (TC, SMD: −.16 mmol/L, 95% CI: −.23, −.09), triglyceride (TG, SMD: −.22 mmol/L, 95% CI: −.29, −.16), fasting blood glucose (FBG, SMD: −.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: −.18, −.04), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, SMD: −.21%, 95% CI: −.30, −.13), and homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR, SMD: −.40, 95% CI: −.58, −.23). No significant difference was found in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level between the two groups (SMD: .40 mmol/L, 95% CI: −.02, .11). To sum up, comparison of several blood metabolic parameters between the two subtypes suggested that the bilateral PA may associate with a higher prevalence of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism than unilateral PA; however, results should be treated with caution. Additional well‐designed studies are needed to prove the present results and better elucidate the link between metabolic abnormalities and etiologies of each PA subtype.
The structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes: Hexagrammidae)
Authors: Pushchin Igor , Kondrashev Sergei , Borshcheva Tatiana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe authors studied the structure and diversity of retinal ganglion cells (GC) in the masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus. In vivo labelling with horseradish peroxidase revealed GCs of various structures in retinal wholemounts. A total of 154 cells were camera lucida drawn, and their digital models were generated. Each cell was characterized by 17 structural and topological parameters. Using nine clustering algorithms, a variety of clusterings were obtained. The optimum clustering was found using silhouette analysis. It was based on a set of three variables associated with dendritic field size and dendrite stratification depth in the retina. A total of nine cell types were discovered. A number of non‐parametric tests showed significant pair‐wise between‐cluster differences in at least four parameters with medium and large effect sizes. Three large‐field types differed mainly in dendritic field size, total dendrite length, level of dendrite stratification in the retina and position of somata. Six medium‐ to small‐field types differed mainly in the structural complexity of dendritic arbors and level of dendrite arborization. Cells similar and obviously homologous to types 1–4 were identified in many fish species, including teleosts. Potential homologues of type 5 cells were identified in fewer teleost species. Cells similar to types 6–9 in relative dendritic field size and dendrite arborization pattern were also described in several teleostean species. Nonetheless, their homology is more questionable as their stratification patterns do not match so well as they do in large types. Potential functional matches of the GC types were identified in a number of teleostean species. Type 1 and 2 cells probably match spontaneously active units with the large receptive field centre, so‐called dimming and lightening detectors; type 4 may be a counterpart of changing contrast detectors with medium receptive field centre size preferring fast‐moving stimuli. Type 3 (biplexiform) cells have no obvious functional matches. Probable functional matches of types 6, 8 and 9 belong to ON‐centre elements with small receptive fields such as ON‐type direction‐selective cells, ON‐type spot detectors or ON‐type spontaneously active units. Type 5 and 7 cells may match ON–OFF type units, in particular, changing contrast detectors or orientation‐selective units. Potential functional matches of GC types presently described are involved in a wide spectrum of visual reactions related to adaptation to gradual change in illumination, predator escape, prey detection and capture, habitat selection and social behaviour.
One parent, two parents, one sex, two sexes: Public attitudes toward single and same‐sex parents
Authors: Cheng Simon , Kelley Kristin , Powell Brian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare public opinion regarding single and same‐sex parents.BackgroundComparing attitudes about the effectiveness of single‐parents to same‐sex parents shows how much importance the public places on the number of parents compared to the sex of the parents; however, surprisingly little research examines attitudes about single and same‐sex parenting ability.MethodWe use data from the 2012 General Social Survey “Family‐and‐Changing‐Gender‐Roles” module (N ~ 1200) to compare perceptions of the effectiveness of single parents (vs. two parents) and same‐sex parents (vs. a mother and a father). We construct a measure that captures whether individuals hold more positive attitudes about single parents or same‐sex parents. We then rely on multivariate models to examine the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on these perceptions, and explore the influence of attitudes regarding gender, sexuality, and childcare policy.ResultsApproximately half of the respondents provided similarly positive or negative responses regarding the effectiveness of single and same‐sex parents; of the remaining half, slightly more provided higher ratings to single parents. Several sociodemographic factors—gender, age, marital status, region, and sexual minority status—significantly shape attitudes about same‐sex and single parents in similar directions—although, in some cases, these factors also predict differences in these attitudes. For example, compared to men, women are more positive about both single parents and same‐sex parents, but they still rate single parents higher. In contrast, other sociodemographic factors—notably, race/ethnicity and education—predict attitudes about same‐sex and single parents, as well as the difference between these two parental types. Some of these patterns occur via respondents' religiosity. Of the attitudinal factors, attitudes regarding gender, sexuality, and childcare policy are linked to views regarding single parents and same‐sex parents; however, only sexuality attitudes significantly and consistently differentiate views regarding single parents and same‐sex parents.ConclusionViews of single parents and same‐sex parents often are not consistent with each other. Public assessments and comparisons of same‐sex and single parents are shaped by sociodemographic and attitudinal factors, notably, attitudes regarding sexuality.
Racial discrimination and the weathering of nonmarital relationships
Authors: Barr Ashley B. , Simons Ronald L. , Beach Steven R. H. , Simons Leslie Gordon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of perceived racial discrimination on the satisfaction and dissolution of different‐gender, nonmarital relationships among African American young adults.BackgroundRacial discrimination has proven detrimental to relationship quality among married couples. Racial disparities in relationship processes begin long before marriages form, however. Racial discrimination may also weather and disrupt nonmarital relationships earlier in the life course.MethodSurvey data from African American young adult couples (N = 407) from the Family and Community Health Study were used to assess the associations between each partner's experience of racial discrimination, relationship satisfaction, and relationship dissolution using structural equation modeling.ResultsResults support a stress spillover perspective in that racial discrimination experienced by both men and women increased the likelihood of relationship dissolution through reduced satisfaction. No support was found for a stress buffering perspective.ConclusionRacial discrimination appears to distress and, ultimately, disrupt nonmarital relationships among African American young adult couples.ImplicationsGiven the roles of relationship quality and stability in promoting health and well‐being, understanding how discrimination impacts the unfolding of relationships, or linked lives, across the life course is essential to untangling and addressing the “chains of disadvantage” identified by Umberson et al. (2014) as central to racial disparities in health and well‐being.
Factors associated with lack of care engagement among older, rural‐dwelling adults living with HIV in the United States
Authors: Petroll Andrew E. , Quinn Katherine G. , John Steven A. , Nigogosyan Zack , Walsh Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeMost people living with HIV (PLH) in the United States are over age 50 and this sector of PLH continues to grow. Aging with HIV can be challenging due to comorbid medical conditions, mental health disorders, substance use, and lack of social and practical support. Additional challenges are faced by older PLH living in the rural United States, such as longer distances to health care, concerns over privacy and stigma, and social isolation. PLH in rural areas have higher mortality rates than urban PLH. We aimed to understand factors associated with HIV care engagement and quality of life in rural US adults over age 50.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate the association between patient‐level factors and a combined outcome variable encompassing multiple aspects of care engagement.FindingsEither online or on paper, 446 participants completed our survey. One‐third of the participants (33%) were from the southern United States; one‐third were women; one‐third were non‐White; and 24% completed the survey on paper. In multiple regression analysis, lower income, residing in the southern United States, lacking internet access at home, not having an HIV specialist provider, higher levels of stress, living alone, and longer distance to an HIV provider were all associated with lower engagement in HIV care.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated multiple potential options for interventions that could improve care engagement, such as providing and enhancing access to technology for health care engagement and remotely delivering social support and mental health services. Research on such potential interventions is needed for older, rural PLH.
Comparison of echocardiographic measurements and cardiac biomarkers in healthy dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets
Authors: Owens Eric J. , LeBlanc Nicole L. , Freeman Lisa M. , Scollan Katherine F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a recent association between nontraditional diets and development of diet‐associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare echocardiographic measurements and cardiac biomarkers between healthy dogs eating nontraditional vs traditional diets. We hypothesized that dogs eating nontraditional diets would have lower measures of systolic myocardial performance compared to dogs eating traditional diets.AnimalsForty‐six healthy dogs: 23 eating nontraditional diets and 23 eating traditional diets.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional study. Dogs were divided into groups based on diet ingredients. Dogs underwent 2‐dimensional (2D), 3‐dimensional (3D), and Doppler echocardiographic examinations and analysis of plasma N‐terminal prohormone of B‐type natriuretic peptide, serum cardiac troponin I, and whole blood and plasma taurine concentrations.ResultsMean 2D ejection fraction (EF) was lower for dogs eating nontraditional diets (48.65 ± 7.42%) vs dogs eating traditional diets (56.65 ± 4.63%;P < .001; mean difference 8.0% [4.0%‐12.0%] 95% confidence interval [CI]). Mean 3D EF was lower for dogs eating nontraditional diets (45.38 ± 7.35%) vs dogs eating traditional diets (57.58 ± 4.84%;P < .001; 12.0% [8.0%‐16.0%] 95% CI). Mean 2D left ventricular end‐systolic volumes, indexed to body weight, were significantly higher in dogs eating nontraditional diets (1.46 ± 0.08 mL/kg) vs dogs eating traditional diets (1.06 ± 0.08 mL/kg;P = .002; 0.4 mL/kg [0.18‐0.62 mL/kg] 95% CI).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHealthy dogs eating nontraditional diets had lower indices of systolic function and larger left ventricular volumes compared to dogs eating traditional diets. Screening of apparently healthy dogs eating nontraditional diets might allow for early detection of diet‐associated DCM.
Guidelines for Choosing Cognitive Load Measures in Perceptually Rich Environments
Authors: Skulmowski Alexander 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTCognitive load measurement is a methodological issue of high importance in all learning settings involving a high perceptual richness, such as virtual and augmented reality. As a result of the growing number of cognitive load measurement methods and surveys, it can be difficult to choose the optimal measurement instrument for learning tasks in perceptually rich environments. Current research suggests that survey‐based methods do not necessarily have to be less valid than physiological measures. Furthermore, in several studies, single‐item measures of cognitive load have shown a high negative correspondence with learning outcomes. A trend toward a more fine‐grained analysis of different components of cognitive load can be observed, but the ability to detect cognitive load depends on selecting an appropriate survey for the specific task. Based on this narrative overview on current developments in cognitive load measurement, recommendations for deciding on a cognitive load measurement method are given.
Construction of the Adjusted Scoliosis 3D Finite Element Model and Biomechanical Analysis under Gravity
Authors: Li Jiahao , An Zhicheng , Wu Jigong , Gao Yongchang , Lu Sheng , He Da , Zhao Yu 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three‐dimensional structural deformity of the spine caused by the disruption of the biomechanical balance of the spine. However, the current biomechanical modeling and analysis methods of scoliosis cannot really describe the real state of the spine. This study aims to propose a high‐precision biomechanical modeling and analysis method that can reflect the spinal state under gravity and provide a theoretical basis for therapeutics.MethodsCombining CT and X‐ray images of AIS patients, this study constructed an adjusted three‐dimensional model and FE model of the spine corresponding to the patient's gravity position, including vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, ribs, costal cartilage, ligaments, and facet cartilage. Then, the displacement and stress of the spine under gravity were analyzed.ResultsA model of the T1‐Sacrum with 1.7 million meshes was constructed. After adding the gravity condition, the maximum displacement point was at T1 of thoracic vertebra (20.4 mm). The analysis indicates that the stress on the lower surface of the vertebral body in thoracolumbar scoliosis tended to be locally concentrated, especially on the concave side of the primary curvature's vertebral body (the maximum stress on the lower surface of T9 is 32.33 MPa) and the convex side of the compensatory curvature's vertebral body (the maximum stress on the lower surface of L5 is 41.97 MPa).ConclusionThis study provides a high‐precision modeling and analysis method for scoliosis with full consideration of gravity. The reliability of the method was verified based on patient data. This model can be used to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of patients in the treatment plan design stage.
Nudge in the news: Ethics, effects, and support of nudges
Authors: Tummers Lars 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGovernments use nudges to stimulate citizens to exercise, save money and eat healthily. However, nudging is controversial. How the media frames nudge impacts decisions on whether to use this policy instrument. We, therefore, analyzed 443 newspaper articles about nudging. Overall, the media was positive about nudges. Nudging was viewed as an effective and efficient way to change behavior and received considerable support across the political spectrum. The media also noted that nudges were easy to implement. The controversy about nudges concerns themes like paternalism, fear of manipulation, small effect sizes, and unintended consequences. Academic proponents of nudging were actively involved in media debates, while critical voices were less often heard. There were some reports criticizing how the government used nudges. However, these were exceptions; the media often highlighted the benefits of nudging. Concluding, we show how nudging by governments was discussed in a critical institution: the news media.
Progression of primarily untreated desomorphine drug induced jaw osteonecrosis: A case report
Authors: Ramishvili Nata , Chachua Irakli , Zurmukhtashvili Marika , Abiatari Ivane , Marks Luc , Dugashvili Giorgi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDesomorphine is a composite of the self‐made illicit drug “krokodil”, which is popular in Eastern Europe and other parts of the world. It causes toxic damage of different organs including bones. In this paper, a clinical portrait of the patient with drug‐induced osteonecrosis of mandible who refused surgical treatment in the early stages of the disease, is presented. At the time of first presentation, the patient displayed swelling of oral soft tissues and purulent discharge in the molar area of the right mandible. Radiographic examination demonstrated several small radiolucent lesions in the body of the mandible. The patient gave consent for surgical treatment and rehabilitation only after 12 months of the diagnosis. During this period of time, the necrosis of the mandibular bone progressed and a pathological fracture of the jaw was developed. Patient underwent surgical treatment – resection of the mandible. Management of drug‐induced jaw osteonecrosis is challenging as the necessity of dental and surgical treatment as well as treatment and rehabilitation of substance use disorder arises. Involvement of a multidisciplinary healthcare professionals team is essential in successful treatment of this pathology. The latter includes early surgical intervention/medical treatment and rehabilitation from drug addiction.
Prevalence of adsorbed A antigen onto donor‐derived group O red cells in children following stem cell transplantation: A single‐centre evaluation
Authors: Cripps Kelly , Mullanfiroze Khushnuma , Hill Annette , Moss Rachel , Kricke Susanne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA group AB D‐positive child presented 1 year after haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) from a group O D‐negative donor as group A D‐negative. Engraftment remained at 100% in white cell lineages. The reason for the unusual result was explored, and the scarcely reported phenomenon of adsorption of secreted antigen was considered. This study also investigated the prevalence of secreted antigen adsorbed onto donor‐derived group O red blood cells (RBCs) in children after HSCT and defined a process for laboratory management.Materials and MethodsRetrospective data analysis of HSCTs carried out over 19 months at Great Ormond Street Hospital was conducted to identify cases of adsorbed A antigen after HSCT. Investigation of RBC reactions with different clones of anti‐A and in vitro experiments was performed to recreate adsorption.ResultsNineteen A to O HSCTs were conducted over 19 months, of which six (31%) displayed weak A antigen on RBCs despite full myeloid engraftment. Negative reactions with anti‐A were obtained when run on an alternative clone. Laboratory protocols for the future management of these cases have been developed.ConclusionPassive adsorption of secreted antigen is responsible for these results and is more widespread than previously reported, as a third of A to O HSCTs at our centre demonstrated this phenomenon. A process has been implemented into the laboratory to manage this cohort, ensuring component groups compatible with both donor and recipient are given, and the shared care centres are aware of these requirements.
Outcome at early school age and adolescence after hypothermia-treated hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy: an observational, population-based study
Authors: Robertsson Grossmann Katarina , Eriksson Westblad Mimmi , Blennow Mats , Lindström Katarina 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe long-term outcomes following hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH).DesignProspective, population-based observational study.SettingTertiary level neonatal intensive care units and neonatal outpatient clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.PatientsSixty-six infants treated with TH due to HIE between 2007 and 2009.InterventionsAt 6–8 years and 10–12 years of age, children were assessed using a standardised neurological examination, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children IV/V. Parents completed the Five-to-Fifteen (FTF) questionnaire.Main outcome measuresAdverse outcome among survivors was defined as cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, hearing or visual impairment, full-scale IQ (FSIQ) below 85, attention deficit disorder with/without hyperactivity, autism spectrum disorder or developmental coordination disorder.ResultsMortality was 12%. Seventeen per cent of survivors developed CP. Mean FSIQ was normal in children without major neuromotor impairment. Assessment in early adolescence revealed emerging deficits in 26% of children with a previously favourable outcome. The proportion of children exhibiting executive difficulties increased from 7% to 19%. This was reflected also by a significantly increased proportion of children with an FTF score >90th percentile compared with norms in early adolescence. The proportion of children with an MABC-2 score ≤5th percentile was also significantly increased compared with norms.ConclusionsSurvivors without major neuromotor impairment have normal intelligence. The incidence of executive difficulties appears to be increased in this patient population. More subtle difficulties may go undetected at early school-age.