bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillating dynamical friction on galactic bars by trapped dark matter
Authors: Chiba Rimpei , Schönrich Ralph 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The dynamic evolution of galactic bars in standard ΛCDM models is dominated by angular momentum loss to the dark matter haloes via dynamical friction. Traditional approximations to dynamical friction are formulated using the linearized collisionless Boltzmann equation and have been shown to be valid in the fast limit, i.e. for rapidly slowing bars. However, the linear assumption breaks down within a few dynamical periods for typical slowly evolving bars, which trap a significant amount of disc stars and dark matter in resonances. Recent observations of the Galactic bar imply this slow regime at the main bar resonances. We formulate the time-dependent dynamical friction in the slow limit and explore its mechanism in the general slow regime with test-particle simulations. Here, angular momentum exchange is dominated by resonantly trapped orbits which slowly librate around the resonances. In typical equilibrium haloes, the initial phase-space density within the trapped zone is higher at lower angular momentum. Since the libration frequency falls towards the separatrix, this density contrast winds up into a phase-space spiral, resulting in a dynamical friction that oscillates with ∼Gyr periods and damps over secular time-scales. We quantify the long-term behaviour of this torque with secular perturbation theory, and predict two observable consequences: (i) The phase-space spirals may be detectable in the stellar disc where the number of windings encodes the age of the bar. (ii) The torque causes weak oscillations in the bar’s pattern speed, overlaying the overall slowdown – while not discussed, this feature is visible in previous simulations.
The impact of natal kicks on galactic r-process enrichment by neutron star mergers
Authors: van de Voort Freeke , Pakmor Rüdiger , Bieri Rebekka , Grand Robert J J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We study galactic enrichment with rapid neutron capture (r-process) elements in cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulations of a Milky Way-mass galaxy. We include a variety of enrichment models, based on either neutron star mergers or a rare class of core-collapse supernova as sole r-process sources. For the first time in cosmological simulations, we implement neutron star natal kicks on-the-fly to study their impact. With kicks, neutron star mergers are more likely to occur outside the galaxy disc, but how far the binaries travel before merging also depends on the kick velocity distribution and shape of the delay time distribution for neutron star mergers. In our fiducial model, the median r-process abundance ratio is somewhat lower and the trend with metallicity is slightly steeper when kicks are included. In a model ‘optimized’ to better match observations, with a higher rate of early neutron star mergers, the median r-process abundances are fairly unaffected by kicks. In both models, the scatter in r-process abundances is much larger with natal kicks, especially at low metallicity, giving rise to more r-process enhanced stars. We experimented with a range of kick velocities and find that with lower velocities, the scatter is reduced, but is still larger than without natal kicks. We discuss the possibility that the observed scatter in r-process abundances is predominantly caused by natal kicks removing the r-process sources far from their birth sites, making enrichment more inhomogeneous, rather than the usual interpretation that the scatter is set by the rarity of its production source.
Successful management of a case of intestinal Behçet’s disease with a splenic abscess by intensified immunosuppressive therapy without splenectomy
Authors: Sato Noriko , Yamaide Fumiya , Shibata Ryohei , Nakano Taiji , Yamaide Akiko , Saito Takeshi , Shimojo Naoki 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Behçet’s disease (BD) is often associated with neutrophilic dermatosis. However, BD is rarely associated with aseptic abscesses in the spleen or liver. A 2-year-old girl presented to our hospital with a 2-week history of fever, abdominal pain, and a skin ulcer on her leg. Each time her skin was punctured with a needle for a blood test or spinal fluid test, she developed intractable aseptic abscesses on her skin. She was diagnosed with intestinal BD based on gastrointestinal endoscopy findings and was treated with prednisolone, mesalazine, and elemental diet therapy. Although these were effective for her colon ulcers, low-grade fever and mild abdominal pain persisted. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a low-density area in the spleen. Although it is recommended to check the contents with puncture drainage, it was difficult due to the risk of bleeding and pathergy. The abscess expanded despite antimicrobial therapy. We discontinued antimicrobial therapy and switched to intensified immunosuppressive therapy for BD [intravenous infliximab (IFX)]. After administration of IFX, the splenic abscess gradually disappeared, and all her symptoms improved. In cases of BD with splenic abscesses resistant to antimicrobial therapy, intensifying immunosuppressive therapy can be expected to shrink the abscesses and avoid splenectomy.
One-Day Versus Three-Day Dexamethasone with NK1RA for Patients Receiving Carboplatin and Moderate Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Watanabe Daichi , Iihara Hirotoshi , Fujii Hironori , Makiyama Akitaka , Nishida Shohei , Suzuki Akio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The dexamethasone (DEX)-sparing strategy, which limits administration of DEX to day one, is reportedly non-inferior to conventional antiemetic regimens comprising multiple-day DEX. However, the usefulness of the DEX-sparing strategy in triplet antiemetic prophylaxis (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK1RA] + serotonin receptor antagonist [5HT3RA] + DEX) for carboplatin and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) has not been clarified.

Patients and Methods
We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy of antiemetics for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting associated with carboplatin and MEC. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the antiemesis efficacy of three-day DEX with NK1RA (3-DEX + NK1RA) and one-day DEX with NK1RA (1-DEX + NK1RA). The primary outcome was complete response during the delayed phase (CR-DP). The secondary outcome was no nausea during the delayed phase (NN-DP).

Results
Seventeen trials involving 4534 patients were included. The proportion who experienced CR-DP was 82.5% (95% credible interval [CI], 73.9-88.6) and 73.5% (95% CI, 62.8-80.9) among those who received 3-DEX + NK1RA and 1-DEX + NK1RA, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two regimens. However, 3-DEX + NK1RA tended to be superior to 1-DEX + NK1RA, with an absolute risk difference of 9.0% (95% CI, −2.3 to 21.1) in CR-DP and 24.7% (95% CI: −14.9 to 54.6) in NN-DP. 3-DEX + NK1RA also tended to be superior to 1-DEX + NK1RA in patients who received carboplatin-based chemotherapy, for whom the absolute risk difference was 12.3% (95% CI, −3.2 to 30.7).

Conclusions
Care is needed when administering the DEX-sparing strategy in combination with NK1RA to patients receiving carboplatin and non-carboplatin MEC.
A climate justice perspective on international labour migration and climate change adaptation among Tuvaluan workers
Authors: Farbotko Carol , Kitara Taukiei , Dun Olivia , Evans Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Research on climate change and human mobility has posited migration as a potentially adaptive response. In the Pacific Islands region, international labour migration specifically is an important component of emerging climate change mobility policy, at both regional and national scales. However, the existence of opportunities for people in climate-exposed locations to move for work does not, on its own, advance climate justice. To gain insights into the nexus of climate justice, labour migration and adaptation, this paper explores the social and emotional experiences of international labour migration programme participants from climate-vulnerable Tuvalu as well as the emergent climate mobility regime in which this migration is taking place, drawing on qualitative research undertaken on the policy context and with workers from Tuvalu on short-term contracts under Australia’s Pacific Labour Scheme. Their experiences, their perceptions of climate change and their role as livelihood earners for families are explored to consider issues of climate justice in understanding labour migration as adaptation. While the workers benefited economically, they experienced significant social and emotional issues including poor mental health and family breakdown during their time working abroad, in addition to long-term climate change concerns. Further, the labour mobility programme in which they participated does not recognize migration-as-adaptation or climate justice, even though these are an emergent priority in the climate mobility regime. This highlights the need to consider how international labour migration programmes can be strengthened to advance climate justice for climate vulnerable populations on the move.
Detection of gamma-rays around SNR HB9 and its implications for the diffusive shock-acceleration history
Authors: Oka Tomohiko , Ishizaki Wataru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We analyze the GeV gamma-ray emission data from the vicinity of the supernova remnant (SNR) HB9 (G160.9+2.6) from the Fermi-LAT 12 yr observations to quantify the evolution of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) in the SNR. In the vicinity of HB9, there are molecular clouds whose locations do not coincide with the SNR shell in the line of sight. We detect significant gamma-ray emissions above 1 GeV spatially coinciding with the two prominent cloud regions, as well as emission from the SNR shell, the latter of which is consistent with the results of previous studies. The energy spectrum above 1 GeV in each region is fitted with a simple power-law function of dN/dE ∝ E−Γ. The fitting result indicates harder spectra, with power-law indices of Γ = 1.84 ± 0.18 and 1.84 ± 0.14, than that at the SNR shell, with Γ = 2.55 ± 0.10. The observed spectra from the cloud regions are found to be consistent with the theoretically expected gamma-ray emissions originating in the protons that escaped from SNR HB9, where particles can be accelerated up to higher energies than those in the shell at present. The resultant diffusion coefficient in the vicinity of the SNR is comparable to that of the Galactic mean.
Manipulation of Lignin Monomer Composition Combined with the Introduction of Monolignol Conjugate Biosynthesis Leads to Synergistic Changes in Lignin Structure
Authors: Smith Rebecca A , Lu Fachuang , Muro-Villanueva Fabiola , Cusumano Joanne C , Chapple Clint , Ralph John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The complexity of lignin structure impedes efficient cell wall digestibility. Native lignin is composed of a mixture of three dominant monomers, coupled together through a variety of linkages. Work over the past few decades has demonstrated that lignin composition can be altered through a variety of mutational and transgenic approaches such that the polymer is derived almost entirely from a single monomer. In this study, we investigated changes to lignin structure and digestibility in Arabidopsis thaliana in near-single-monolignol transgenics and mutants and determined whether novel monolignol conjugates, produced by a FERULOYL-CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (FMT) or a p-COUMAROYL-CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (PMT), could be integrated into these novel polymers to further improve saccharification efficiency. Monolignol conjugates, including a new conjugate of interest, p-coumaryl p-coumarate, were successfully integrated into high-H, high-G and high-S lignins in A. thaliana. Regardless of lignin composition, FMT- and PMT-expressing plants produced monolignol ferulates and monolignol p-coumarates, respectively, and incorporated them into their lignin. Through the production and incorporation of monolignol conjugates into near-single-monolignol lignins, we demonstrated that substrate availability, rather than monolignol transferase substrate preference, is the most important determining factor in the production of monolignol conjugates, and lignin composition helps dictate cell wall digestibility.
Inducible epigenome editing probes for the role of histone H3K4 methylation in Arabidopsis heat stress memory
Authors: Oberkofler Vicky , Bäurle Isabel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Histone modifications play a crucial role in the integration of environmental signals to mediate gene expression outcomes. However, genetic and pharmacological interference often causes pleiotropic effects, creating the urgent need for methods that allow locus-specific manipulation of histone modifications, preferably in an inducible manner. Here, we report an inducible system for epigenome editing in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using a heat-inducible dCas9 to target a JUMONJI (JMJ) histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase domain to a locus of interest. As a model locus, we target the ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2) gene that shows transcriptional memory after heat stress (HS), correlating with H3K4 hyper-methylation. We show that dCas9–JMJ is targeted in a HS-dependent manner to APX2 and that the HS-induced overaccumulation of H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) decreases when dCas9–JMJ binds to the locus. This results in reduced HS-mediated transcriptional memory at the APX2 locus. Targeting an enzymatically inactive JMJ protein in an analogous manner affected transcriptional memory less than the active JMJ protein; however, we still observed a decrease in H3K4 methylation levels. Thus, the inducible targeting of dCas9–JMJ to APX2 was effective in reducing H3K4 methylation levels. As the effect was not fully dependent on enzyme activity of the eraser domain, the dCas9–JMJ fusion protein may act in part independently of its demethylase activity. This underlines the need for caution in the design and interpretation of epigenome editing studies. We expect our versatile inducible epigenome editing system to be especially useful for studying temporal dynamics of chromatin modifications.
Cancer and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: a longitudinal referral case-controlled outcomes evaluation
Authors: Shelly Shahar , Beecher Grayson , Milone Margherita , Liewluck Teerin , Ernste Floranne , Triplett James , Naddaf Elie , Zekeridou Anastasia , McKeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J , Dubey Divyanshu , Mills John R , Mandrekar Jay , Klein Christopher J 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) association with cancer and its clinical implications.MethodsIMNM cases were identified 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2020 matching sex and age controls (4:1).ResultsA total of 152 patients with IMNM were identified and among serologically tested, 60% (83/140) were HMGCR-IgG+, 14% (20/140) were SRP-IgG+ and 26% (37/140) were seronegative. Cancer rates were not significantly different between serological subgroups; 18.1% (15/83) HMGCR-IgG+, 25% (5/20) SRP-IgG+ and 30% (11/37) seronegative (P = 0.34). Cancer screening was performed within 12 months from IMNM diagnosis in 88% (134/152) (whole-body CT plus FDG-PET CT in 53, CT alone in 72 and FDG-PET alone in 9). FDG-PET/CT was positive in 73% (25/34) of cancers. Increasing age was the only risk associated with cancer (P = 0.02). The odds of developing cancer at ±3 or ±5 years from IMNM diagnosis was not higher than controls (OR = 0.49; CI: 0.325–0.76). Lifetime IMNM diagnosis of cancer was less compared with controls (OR = 0.5 CI: 0.33–0.78, P = 0.002). Most patients responded to treatment (137/147, P &lt; 0.001). Death and treatment response did not significantly differ between cancer [23% (8/34); 88% (29/33)] and non-cancer patients [19% (23/118); 92% (108/118)]. In total, 13% (20/152) of patients died during follow-up compared with 14% (41/290) of medicine and 16% (46/290) of neurology controls (P = 0.8). Seropositives had greater life expectancy than seronegatives (P = 0.01).ConclusionsGreater cancer risk is not observed in IMNM vs controls. Cancer screening in IMNM should be individualized based on age-personal and family history, including consideration of FDG-PET/CT. Immune-treatment response did not differ with cancer.
Live Birth With or Without Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
Authors: Yan Junhao , Qin Yingying , Zhao Han , Sun Yun , Gong Fei , Li Rong , Sun Xiaoxi , Ling Xiufeng , Li Hong , Hao Cuifang , Tan Jichun , Yang Jing , Zhu Yimin , Liu Fenghua , Chen Dawei , Wei Daimin , Lu Juanjuan , Ni Tianxiang , Zhou Wei , Wu Keliang , Gao Yuan , Shi Yuhua , Lu Yao , Zhang Ting , Wu Wei , Ma Xiang , Ma Hailan , Fu Jing , Zhang Junqiang , Meng Qingxia , Zhang Heping , Legro Richard S. , Chen Zi-Jiang 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;385:2047–2058)
To optimize live birth rate per transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF), morphologic score based on visualization and genetic status based on preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) are used to select the highest quality embryos. Although some studies suggest an increased live birth rate among women of advanced maternal age, it is less clear whether PGT-A in women with good prognosis for live birth experience a similar benefit.
Associations Between Historically Redlined Districts and Racial Disparities in Current Obstetric Outcomes
Authors: Hollenbach Stefanie J. , Thornburg Loralei L. , Glantz J. Christopher , Hill Elaine 
Published: March 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2126707)
Significant racial and ethnic disparities in infant and maternal mortality rates exist in the United States, with Black women carrying a disproportionate burden due to a range of obstetric outcomes. The drivers behind these disparities have revealed a multifactorial cause, including the physical environment, socioeconomic factors, individual health behaviors, stress, genetic factors, and structural racism.
Measuring Clinically Meaningful Change in Outcomes for Youth With Chronic Pain Following Graded Exposure Treatment
Authors: Harrison Lauren E. , Heathcote Lauren C. , Khazendar Zeena , Richardson Patricia A. , Simons Laura E. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Functional improvement is a critical outcome for individuals living with chronic pain. Graded exposure treatment (GET) has been associated with statistically significant improvements in functional outcomes for youth with chronic pain by targeting pain-related fear and avoidance.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to explore clinically meaningful change in outcomes in adolescents with chronic pain following participation in a GET, and to then classify patients as treatment responders versus nonresponders.

Materials and Methods:
Participants included 27 youth (M
age=13.5) with chronic pain enrolled in a recently published single-arm randomized baseline trial of GET Living. Reliable change at the individual level was assessed using the Reliable Change Index (RCI). Adolescents were classified as treatment responders if they achieved a reliable change in outcomes across time points and also demonstrated a change in clinical severity range in the expected direction (ie, from severe to moderate).

Results:
Reliable and clinically significant improvements in pain-related fear and avoidance, functional disability, and school functioning were demonstrated at discharge, with improvements maintained at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Among core outcomes, 48% (n=13) of patients were classified as treatment responders in one or more outcomes at discharge, with this increasing to 76% (n=19) at 3-month follow-up.

Discussion:
Examining reliable and clinically meaningful change (vs. statistical significance alone) provides a way to examine treatment response to an intervention and to enhance the interpretability of findings, helping to bridge the gap between clinical trials and clinical practice by providing guidelines for interpretation.
Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement are Unsatisfactory When Determining Abstract Study Design and Level of Evidence
Authors: Patel Neeraj M. , Schmitz Matthew R. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Ghag Ravi , Janicki Joseph A. , Kushare Indranil V. , Lewis Ronald , Mistovich Ronald Justin , Nelson Susan E. , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Vanderhave Kelly L. , Wallace Maegen J. , McKay Scott D. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Understanding differences between types of study design (SD) and level of evidence (LOE) are important when selecting research for presentation or publication and determining its potential clinical impact. The purpose of this study was to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver reliability when assigning LOE and SD as well as quantify the impact of a commonly used reference aid on these assessments.

Methods:
Thirty-six accepted abstracts from the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) 2021 annual meeting were selected for this study. Thirteen reviewers from the POSNA Evidence-Based Practice Committee were asked to determine LOE and SD for each abstract, first without any assistance or resources. Four weeks later, abstracts were reviewed again with the guidance of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) LOE chart, which is adapted from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were calculated using Fleiss’ kappa statistic (k). χ2 analysis was used to compare the rate of SD-LOE mismatch between the first and second round of reviews.

Results:
Interobserver reliability for LOE improved slightly from fair (k=0.28) to moderate (k=0.43) with use of the JBJS chart. There was better agreement with increasing LOE, with the most frequent disagreement between levels 3 and 4. Interobserver reliability for SD was fair for both rounds 1 (k=0.29) and 2 (k=0.37). Similar to LOE, there was better agreement with stronger SD. Intraobserver reliability was widely variable for both LOE and SD (k=0.10 to 0.92 for both). When matching a selected SD to its associated LOE, the overall rate of correct concordance was 82% in round 1 and 92% in round 2 (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Interobserver reliability for LOE and SD was fair to moderate at best, even among experienced reviewers. Use of the JBJS/Oxford chart mildly improved agreement on LOE and resulted in less SD-LOE mismatch, but did not affect agreement on SD.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.