bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of 3D Printed Antibacterial Nanocomposites for Improved Public Health
Authors: Billings Christopher , Cai Changjie , Liu Yingtao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bacterial infections have been recognized as a critical challenge to public health, resulting in substantial morbidity, mortality, and enormous costs. In this paper, a digital light processing (DLP) based 3D printing system is employed to rapidly manufacture photocurable thermoset polymers and nanocomposites for potential antibacterial applications. This work shows how nanoparticles that present antibacterial properties can be added to traditional DLP manufacturing and their effects on the physical properties. In this paper, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in the 10 to 30-nm range are mixed with photocurable resins for rapid 3D printing and prototyping. The two resins used are a standard photopolymer rapid resin and an ABS-like photopolymer rapid resin. A 1% composite percentage is utilized to avoid the requirement of modification to the printing system due to greatly increased viscosity. Tensile testing data, contact angle data, and abrasion data are performed on a total of four different composites and two controls. These composites have shown a tensile strength of 29.53 MPa. At the 1% nanoparticle weight concentration, the 3D printing nanocomposites are transparent and demonstrate a complete penetration of particles throughout the entire print. The detailed experimental characterization will be conducted to understand the 3D printed material’s mechanical properties and microstructures fully. This research can enhance public health by providing a novel approach to control the spread of bacteria and other microbial.
Design of Human Head and Neck Replica to Facilitate Concussion and TBI Research
Authors: Honarmandi Peyman , Awikeh Elias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mitigating concussion and researching more about the motion of the brain is vital to develop safer protection gears for athletes and others around the world. The key to furthering research surrounding concussions is to dive deeper into the effect a hit to the head has on the brain. Most areas of this research look to analyze and track the movement of the head. As this may offer an idea as to what happens to the brain, there is still a completely different motion that the brain experiences during a hit. The goal of this project is to offer a realistic method to analyze the motion of the brain via a head and neck replica model. By creating a model with a human like brain within it, the motion of the brain can be tracked via accelerometers. Our goals with this project are to shed light on the lasting damage concussions can do to the brain and potentially study on further concussion prevention technology. What this project aims to accomplish is to create a head and neck model that can more accurately track the actual motion of the head and brain. Selection of the corresponding materials and validation of the model have been conducted. The purpose of creating this model would be to further the understanding of how the brain reacts to certain impacts within different scenarios.
Human Machine Interaction: A Design Proposal of a Ticket Vending Machine for Public Transport
Authors: Ramos Alvarez Adrielly Nahomee , Rodriguez-Tenorio J. Carlos , Borja Vicente , Escalera Matamoros Yesica , Ramirez-Reivich Alejandro C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mobility as a key element in the dynamics of any city, a development potentiator and resilience factor, is vital for transforming megalopolis into Smart Cities. However, due to numerous elements that interact within urban mobility, solutions are hard to accomplish. Since public transport is crowded in large cities, the process for buying a ticket must be shortened as much as possible. However, even when machines are used for selling tickets in the Mexican public transportation system, not the entire population has access to the variety of payment methods other than the use of cash. Moreover, there is a wide mixture of others who also interact with the machine such as those involved in maintenance, surveillance, and cash collectors. Based on the information gathered and the steps from the user centered design methodology, a design proposal for improving the interaction was conceived.
This paper presents the process that was followed for designing a Ticket Vending Machine (TVM) for Mexico City’s public transport, through which human-machine interaction was made simpler and easier to follow compared to previous TVMs and thus refining a key interaction in mobility for a more efficient transport system. The results and the design proposal could be useful for tackling human-machine interaction concerning other products such as automated teller machines, parking ticket machines and other TVMs for public transport in other cities or countries with a similar panorama.
The implementation of the user-centered design methodology involves the users at each step of the process to understand and tackle their needs when prototyping and testing are conducted. The methodology boosts the innovation and allows faster implementation of ideas, due to its flexibility throughout the iterative process, which is an advantage compared to linear methodologies where feedback is gathered until the end of the process and not during the development of new products and services.
A New Variant of the Dynamic Hybrid RANS-LES Model for Complex Turbulent Flows
Authors: Jamal Tausif , Shobayo Olalekan O. , Walters D. Keith 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a new variant of the Dynamic Hybrid RANS-LES (DHRL) model. Since the baseline DHRL model uses the ratio of resolved to modeled turbulent stress in RANS-to-LES blending, it was observed that for some types of flows the DHRL model remained in RANS mode despite the presence of appreciable levels of LES fluctuations. A new statistical variable is introduced in this study and implemented into a modified blending function to facilitate model transition from RANS to LES based on the presence of appreciable levels of resolved turbulence. Numerical simulations are carried out using the density-based finite-volume solver Loci-CHEM for canonical test cases such as fully developed channel flow, flow over a backward facing step, and flow over a three-dimensional axisymmetric hill. A comprehensive analysis of results indicate that the new model successfully addresses some of the shortcomings of the baseline DHRL model and it is concluded that new DHRL model variant is a useful alternative to traditional HRL models.
Effect of Leaf Vein Structure on Condensation Behavior of Vertical Copper Plate: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Bappy Md. Omarsany , Aziz Raihan , Shuvo Abdul Aziz , Morshed A. K. M. M. , Paul Titan C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Condensation is one of the most effective ways of transferring heat and it is widely used in power generation units, refrigeration and air-conditioning system, water desalination systems, petroleum industry, chemical production plant, electronics thermal management, etc. Condensation heat transfer depends on many factors including surface material, surface morphology, degree of sub-cooling, characteristics of the fluid used, presence of impurities, etc. Among different properties, surface modification is an easy and effective way to enhance the condensation heat transfer behavior. Condensation behavior on coated, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, sine shaped groove, etc. has already been researched comprehensively but the effect of wedge shaped groove (mimic to leaf vein structure) on copper plate is yet to be explored. Surfaces of some plants and animals have natural ability to harvest water from the environment in an effective and efficient way. In this research, it is tried to mimic the leaf vein structure (wedge shaped groove) on copper plate and then carried out condensation heat transfer experiment. Due to fabrication of wedge shaped groove on copper plate, contact angle and droplet parameters like droplet size, droplet frequency, droplet growth rate, droplet coalescence rate, droplet drainage rate, etc. are affected. Condensation heat transfer behavior like condensation heat transfer co-efficient, contact angle, droplet diameter, droplet growth rate, droplet frequency, sliding velocity of condensate, etc. have been studied for both flat and wedge shaped micro grooved copper plate in this article. Due to the fabrication of leaf vein structure on copper plate it is observed that contact angle has increased significantly and active nucleation site of droplets has decreased which enhanced dropwise condensation. Falling droplet diameter and surface rejuvenation time has increased for modified copper plate. This larger diameter droplets slided faster in wedge shaped copper plate compared to flat copper plate due to gravity. But the condensate drainage rate is less for modified copper plate due to the increment of falling droplet diameter and surface rejuvenation time. A comparative study of droplet parameters and condensation heat transfer parameters have also been shown in this article. It is observed from the droplet nucleation process, coalescence rate and droplet drainage process that dropwise condensation is more stable in case of wedge shaped groove copper plate compared to flat copper plate thus the surface modification is effective in condensation process of copper plate like nature. Results obtained from this condensation heat transfer experiment shows that heat transfer co-efficient of wedge shaped groove copper plate is 20–50% greater compared to flat copper plate. Plausible reason of this enhancement has been broadly discussed in this paper.
Process Prediction for Repair of High-Speed Train Wheelseat Axle by Extreme High-Speed Laser Material Deposition (EHLA)
Authors: Li Tianci , Zhang Lele , Chen Geng , Schopphoven Thomas , Gasser Andres , Poprawe Reinhart 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to the surface scratch, wear or cracks, the performance and dimension of high-speed train wheelseat axle reduce to a level that cannot meet the design requirement after a period of service. Reasonable and efficient maintenance of those worn and valuable parts yields both economical and ecological benefit. In this study, we focused on the feasibility of using extreme high-speed laser material deposition (EHLA) for the repair of full-scale high-speed train wheelseat axle. To this end, AISI 4140 powder particles were selected as additive materials, and suitable process parameters were determined for the production of reduced test pieces. To investigate the possibility of transferring the process parameters determined through reduced piece testing to the full-scale wheelseat axle, finite element (FE) analyses were conducted. In these analyses the temperature distributions for different diameters of substrate with same process parameters were compared, and the results indicate that the process parameters obtained from the reduced sample studies can be transferred to the repair of full-scale axles. On the other hand, however, to consider the effects of thermal history on the clad properties, supplementary heating treatment should be carried out during the EHLA process.
Analyzing the Effects of HVAC Equipment Uncertainty in Building Energy Modeling for Professional Environment
Authors: Birega Miseker , Khazaii Javad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The concept of evaluating the effects of uncertainty in energy modeling has been discussed in the past few years widely in academic environment. These evaluations have been mainly concentrated on architectural components of the buildings. Little effort has been done to investigate the effects of the uncertainty in the mechanical systems of the building on the energy modeling outcome. There has been a barrier against implementing the findings of the academic research into real world professional architectural and HVAC engineering design. The fact is that majority of the academic research in the field of uncertainty is done with software that are popular in academic environment but are not the choice of professional engineers when performing real life building energy modeling. To help improve this disconnect between the academic and professional realm, this effort introduces a supplemental software that is written on a free platform (Python) and can be interlocked with eQuest that is used for energy modeling by professional firms. Using this supplementary program helps engineers to start with mechanical parameters such as efficiency of boilers and efficiency of chillers as it has been used in design document, and change the values associated with these efficiencies within the allowed tolerances by testing standards. The study finds that the developed supplementary software can help specifying close to 6% range for energy consumption of a typical four-story office building, which highlights the supplementary software ability to improve current state of professional energy modeling practice.
Study of Vapor Condensation on a Vertical Porous Microgroove Copper Plate
Authors: Aziz Raihan , Bappy Md. Omarsany , Morshed A. K. M. M. , Paul Titan C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Analysis of condensation of vapor on metal surfaces has been in the center of enormous attention due to its omnipotent application in numerous industrial processes. So far condensation on smooth, coated, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, grooved surfaces has been researched comprehensively but the effect of porous surface specially the combined effect of porosity and micro grooved has not been fully explored. In this study, condensation heat transfer performance is analyzed for vertical porous micro grooved copper surface and the change of performance due to varying numbers of pores on the modified micro grooved surface are compared with micro grooved surface with no pores. During condensation vapor releases latent heat and forms condensate droplets throughout the suitable nucleation sites on the surface. To enhance the condensation heat transfer it is preferred to come up with a modified condensation surface which can effectively hamper the film layer generation on the different regions of the surface as a result paves the way for new nucleation sites to develop. And increased nucleation site brings higher condensation rates. In our study, a unique experimental setup is constructed consisting of a cooling chamber and a vapor chamber separated by the porous micro grooved copper surface. Steam is generated by a mini boiler and fed into the vapor chamber. Porous opening on the test surface provided continuous liquid flow from cooling to condensation chamber in a controlled way. Liquids through the opening breaks the layer developed at very early stages and prolongs the drop wise condensation (DWC) time span and helps effectively to reduce the chance for droplet to stay on the surface and coalescence. Wedge pattern micro grooves are inscribed on the test surface providing the additional aid for the drainage of the droplets. As the number of porous opening changes various droplet parameters like droplet sweeping frequency, droplet diameter are subjected to change over time. It also affected the condensation heat transfer parameters to a great extent. A comparative analysis of condensation heat transfer parameters and droplet parameters due to the change of number of pores compared to no pores are carried out and shown with pictures of test surfaces captured real time during the experiment. Performance of the proposed surface is compared with that of the other surfaces based on the condensation rate and condensation heat transfer coefficient. Experimental results indicate heat transfer performance can be enhanced by 30–35% due to introducing the porous opening on the modified surface. The experiments are conducted under low steam pressure conditions.
Assessment of Low and High-Fidelity Turbulence Models for Liquid Metal Flow Predictions
Authors: Bhushan Shanti , Elmellouki Mohammed , Walters D. K. , Gorman M. , Hollrah B. , Hassan Y. A. , Mezrari E. , Obabko A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The predictive capability of RANS, hybrid RANS/LES and LES turbulence models are assessed for low-Pr flows involving complex flow features expected in engineering applications, such as forced convection, buoyancy, shear, reattachment, and recirculation. The models are tested for three test case vertical channel, vertical backward facing step with heated wall and rod bundle lattice cases for Pr ranging from 0.002 to 2.0. k-ε based model is used for RANS, partially averaged Navier Stokes (PANS) for hybrid RANS/LES and dynamic Smagorinsky model for LES. The channel and backward facing step cases show that LES performs the best followed by PANS and RANS. The RANS model performs reasonably well for flows with strong buoyant forces, which augments the mean flow more than the turbulent features. But for moderate buoyant flow condition, which augments turbulence characteristics and associated diffusion, RANS models do not perform well. Considering both the computational cost and accuracy, the PANS provides a good compromise between RANS and LES.
A Two-Dimensional Parametric Computational Framework for Finite Element Heat Transfer Analysis of Self-Field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters
Authors: Berry K. Joel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
“SELF-FIELD” magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters are low-thrust electric propulsion space-systems leveraging magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) principles for plasma acceleration and high-speed exhaust velocities. MPD thrusters produce high specific impulse and are suitable for long duration interplanetary space missions without externally applied magnetic fields. Alternatively, the applied electric field passing through the electrically conductive ionized plasma propellant generates a current (J→) across the plasma. The plasma current subsequently generates a “self-induced “ perpendicular magnetic field (B→) that interacts with the applied electric current field to induce an electromagnetic Lorenz thrust force (i.e., F→=J→×B→) and thereby producing electromagnetic and electrothermal acceleration. The work herein provides a 2D MPD computational framework for parametric property modeling, for automatic finite element parametric mesh generation, for the specification of unique gradient based and MPC (Multi-Point Constraints) boundary conditions, for the coupled, non-linear, transient, compressible finite element analysis that include a fluid/solid conjugate heat transfer thermal electromagnetic formulation, and for the flexible display of post-processing results.
Preliminary Investigation on the Acoustic Characteristics of Turning Processes
Authors: Kerner Scott , Deabenderfer Zachery , Korn Katherine , Ragai Ihab , Liao Yabin , Loker David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research aims to characterize the turning process using acoustic signals (AS) for the purpose of remote condition monitoring. This will allow for non-invasive machine monitoring, reducing costs and interference in the machining operation. Various combinations of process parameters were investigated, including spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. The machining parameters used herein were closely matched with those of a milling operation utilized in previous research. The intent is to investigate the use of AS to monitor and differentiate multiple machines around the shop floor, running simultaneously. The feed rates for the turning process were mapped to mimic those for the milling process.
A spherical 32-microphone array was utilized for data collection with a sampling rate of 48 kHz. Frequency and time-domain characteristics were utilized to find distinguishing features of the AS. It was found that turning speeds produced noticeable differences in the observed peaks in the frequency content of the signal, providing a means of determining spindle speed from AS. Additionally, time-domain characteristics yielded discernible differences for both feed rate and depth of cut. An increase in the rms value was observed as the material removal rate (MRR) of the machining process increased. The results suggest that a combination of both frequency and time domain characteristics may be used to distinguish the process parameters. Feature extractions linked to MRR and the time/frequency domain can be used to expand AS monitoring to other process parameters and machines. Finally, a time-domain machine learning classifier was utilized for predicting the depth of cut. The Fine K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier was determined to provide the best results, with a prediction accuracy of approximately 62%.
A Framework for Spatial 3D Collision Models: Theory and Validation
Authors: Sværen Terje , Nygård Bård Inge , Impelluso Thomas J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This project puts forth a framework for spatial collision models for bodies. The framework leverages a new method in dynamics to calculate the relevant post-collision trajectory in 3D space. The new method exploits Cartan’s notion of moving frames and places frames of reference on all moving (and colliding) bodies. Next, it exploits Lie group theory SO(3) and its associated algebra, so(3), to relate such frames to each other. Finally, it exploits a compact notation to streamline the mathematics. This project presents a numerical validation of the results using MSC Adams and compares the rotation and translation values of the bodies with those found using the new method. ThreeD web pages display the results using WebGL.
Energy Storage and Stabilization Simulation of Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Aarmo Martinus K. , Sivesind Magnus N. , Bartl Jan Michael Simon , Lande-Sudall David , Impelluso Thomas J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The goal of this project is to research how to use inertial disks to stabilize floating windmills and also store excess energy. The energy extracted can be delivered after the wind subsides. The gyroscopic effect will ensure stability. The project will deploy the Moving Frame Method (MFM) to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of the system. The MFM exploits aspects of Lie Group Theory in place of vector-based dynamics. It leverages the work of Elie Cartan to model all moving bodies. Finally, it deploys a compact notation for both 3D and 2D. This project introduces relevant forces acting on the system, implementation of an improved numerical integration scheme, and an accounting of mooring lines. The project defines the initial spin of the disks as a prescribed variable. We use the Runge-Kutta method for numerical integration of the equations of motion, and update the solution with an assumed correction for the rotation matrices that exploits Rodriguez’ formula. Afterwards we create a simulation by creating a port from Matlab to the Web Graphics Library and Three JS using Javascript.