bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Facilitate Disclosure of Violence while Delivering Perinatal Care: The Experience of Survivors and Healthcare Providers
Authors: Pederson Ann , Mirlashari Jila , Lyons Janet , Brotto Lori A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGender-based Violence (GBV) during the perinatal period is a serious concern as it is associated with many adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. It is well known that violence is under-reported. Thus, official statistics (both police reports and survey data) underestimate the prevalence of violence in general and during the perinatal period specifically. In this study conducted in Canada, we sought to explore the barriers to and facilitators of women disclosing their experiences of GBV within healthcare services to safely facilitate more disclosure in the future and reduce the harms that arise from GBV. We used thematic analysis to analyze in-depth interviews with 16 healthcare providers (nurses, midwives and physicians) and 12 survivors of GBV. The data reflect three main themes: “raising awareness of gender-based violence”, “creating a shift in the healthcare system’s approach toward gender-based violence” and “providing support for survivors and care providers.” Our findings suggest that the healthcare system should increase its investments in raising awareness regarding GBV, training healthcare providers to respond appropriately, and building trust between survivors and healthcare providers. Healthcare providers need to be aware of their role and responsibility regarding identifying GBV as well as how to support survivors who talk about violence. Expanding a relationship-based approach in the care system and providing support for both survivors and health care providers would likely lead to more disclosures.
Impact of the Domestic Violence Housing First Model on Survivors’ Safety and Housing Stability: Six Month Findings
Authors: Sullivan Cris M. , López-Zerón Gabriela , Farero Adam , Ayeni Oyesola Oluwafunmilayo , Simmons Cortney , Chiaramonte Danielle , Guerrero Mayra , Hamdan Noora , Sprecher Mackenzie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of homelessness, yet little evidence exists about effective strategies to assist IPV survivors as they work to avoid homelessness while freeing themselves from abuse. An ongoing demonstration evaluation is examining if and how one promising model assists IPV survivors in obtaining safe and stable housing over time. The Domestic Violence Housing First (DVHF) model involves providing IPV survivors with mobile advocacy and/or flexible funding, depending on individual needs, in order to attain these goals. We hypothesized that those receiving DVHF would experience greater housing stability and less re-abuse compared to survivors receiving services as usual. The current study evaluated the short-term efficacy of the DVHF model with a sample of 345 homeless or unstably housed survivors who sought services and who completed in-person interviews shortly after contacting the DV agency, as well as six months later. Those who received the DVHF model showed greater improvement in their housing stability compared to those receiving services as usual, as well as decreased economic abuse. Both groups experienced a sharp decline in all forms of abuse. The Domestic Violence Housing First model shows promise in helping unstably housed DV survivors achieve safe and stable housing. Study findings have implications for DV agencies as well as those funding such services. Understanding which interventions work best for which survivors is critical to ensuring that service providers are effectively working toward long-term housing stability and well-being for IPV survivors and their children.
UAV-borne, LiDAR-based elevation modelling: a method for improving local-scale urban flood risk assessment
Authors: Trepekli Katerina , Balstrøm Thomas , Friborg Thomas , Fog Bjarne , Allotey Albert N. , Kofie Richard Y. , Møller-Jensen Lasse 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present the first findings of the potential utility of miniaturized light and detection ranging (LiDAR) scanners mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for improving urban flood modelling and assessments at the local scale. This is done by generating ultra-high spatial resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) featuring buildings and urban microtopographic structures that may affect floodwater pathways (DTMbs). The accuracy and level of detail of the flooded areas, simulated by a hydrologic screening model (Arc-Malstrøm), were vastly improved when DTMbs of 0.3 m resolution representing three urban sites surveyed by a UAV-LiDAR in Accra, Ghana, were used to supplement a 10 m resolution DTM covering the region’s entire catchment area. The generation of DTMbs necessitated the effective classification of UAV-LiDAR point clouds using a morphological and a triangulated irregular network method for hilly and flat landscapes, respectively. The UAV-LiDAR data enabled the identification of archways, boundary walls and bridges that were critical when predicting precise run-off courses that could not be projected using the coarser DTM only. Variations in a stream’s geometry due to a one-year time gap between the satellite-based and UAV-LiDAR data sets were also observed. The application of the coarser DTM produced an overestimate of water flows equal to 15% for sloping terrain and up to 62.5% for flat areas when compared to the respective run-offs simulated from the DTMbs. The application of UAV-LiDAR may enhance the effectiveness of urban planning by projecting precisely the locations, extents and run-offs of flooded areas in dynamic urban settings.
Now or Later?: The Inter-temporal Decision-Making of Electoral Participation
Authors: Kitamura Shuhei , Matsubayashi Tetsuya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the dynamic nature of voting in modern elections with wide voting windows. Our stylized two-period model predicts that, if voters are not myopic, turnout in the current period tends to increase as the costs in the other period increase. The model also predicts that overall turnout does not always decrease even when the costs increase. We test these predictions using novel data from Japan’s General Election in 2017 with a weather disruption caused by a powerful typhoon. Our analyses show that the tremendous costs on Election Day shifted the timing of voting and did not decrease overall turnout in 2017, as compared to 2014. Our model and findings build a new benchmark to understand how voters decide their timing of voting. This study also has implications for the unprecedented popularity of early voting in the 2020 U.S. presidential election.
Old versus young: How much do countries spend on social benefits? Deterministic modeling for government expenditure
Authors: Focacci Chiara Natalie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing levels of population ageing have led to debates questioning the spending hierarchy granted by governments to social benefits. In this article, we use a Lotka–Voltera competition model based on differential equations to investigate the relationships between old age pensions, family/children benefits, sickness/health care, and unemployment benefits. The analysis focuses on Austria, Germany, and Switzerland between 2007 and 2018 with the aim of better understanding whether and when priority is given to benefits in favour of the older versus younger cohorts of the population. Findings for the German-speaking European triangle show that an intergenerational conflict is significantly present in government expenditure. In particular, old age pensions and family and children benefits mostly interact in a predator–prey relationship that favours old age pensions, while expenditure for sickness and health care predominates the scenario.
A community-based intervention approach to control disease outbreaks and climate-related deaths in communally raised goat kids in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Slayi Mhlangabezi , Zhou Leocadia , Tyasi Thobela Louis , Jaja Ishmael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA community-based intervention project was conducted, from April 2017 to March 2019, on 512 kids born from flocks of 30 purposively selected households located in ten villages within Alice district of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined efforts from the research team and farmers to control disease outbreaks and climate change-related deaths. A systematic dosing and fortnight dipping schedule was part of the intervention efforts made by the research team as well as supplying feed to pregnant and lactating does. Proper housing shelters were constructed and practicing hygiene measures were implemented. Veterinary assistance and medication were availed whenever there was a sick kid. Diseases and climate-related deaths were diagnosed based on clinical signs, laboratory results and relevant necropsy records. The current intervention program resulted to a decline in kid mortality rate (56.17% to 22.38%). Consistent access to veterinary services reduced the prevalence of Infectious diseases in year-2 (6.38%) as opposed to year-1 (14.89%). Climatic factors (11.92 vs 2.89%) became less prevalent due to better housing infrastructure while parasitic-related health problems showed a similar trend (9.79% vs 1.81%) after implementing a systematic dosing plan and fortnight dipping schedule. Death due to mechanical (7.66% vs 3.97%), reproductive (5.53% vs 3.25%) and nutritional (6.38% vs 2.53%)-related health problems also showed a slight decline. Even though the mortality rate was still above 20%, the documented improvement in kids’ survival rate implies that the approach was a moderate success. An in-depth analysis with regard to affordability and effectiveness should be conducted to ensure consistent support.
Preferences for Long-Acting and Alternative Modalities for PrEP among Military Men Who Have Sex with Men: Segmentation Results of an Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis Study
Authors: Gutierrez Jose I. , Vlahov David , Dubov Alex , Altice Frederick L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention within the U.S. military is low. Implementing preference-based alternative modalities of PrEP delivery, however, can be an innovative strategy to address the specific barriers to PrEP uptake among military MSM. We sought to identify population-based, segment-specific preferences for longer-acting and alternative PrEP delivery modalities to guide patient-centered strategies to optimize uptake within military-serving healthcare systems. HIV-negative military men who have sex with men (MSM) completed an anonymous, adaptive choice-based conjoint (ACBC) analysis survey consisting of five key attributes of interest (dosing method, provider type, visit location, lab work evaluation location, and dispensing venue). Relative importance and part-worth utility scores were generated using Hierarchical Bayes (HB) estimation, and cluster ensemble analysis grouped participants into “phenotype” segments by preference similarity. The randomized first-choice model was then used to examine changes in program interest rates among segments through market simulation. The 429 participants were segmented into five preference groups. The dosing method attribute was found to be the most important to nearly all segments. Simulations revealed that PrEP program interest among two segments with low interest levels increased when smartphone, civilian-based, and long-acting injectable PrEP options were involved. Findings also suggested a need for clinics to be responsive and sensitive to sexual practices, risk perception, and functional PrEP knowledge. Responsiveness to segment-specific preferences in the design of military PrEP programs and acting on the importance of clinical relationships within the context of PrEP engagement within a military setting may contribute to increasing PrEP uptake.
New insights into Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells via Single-Cell Omics
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Huang Yaojin , Hu Linping , Cheng Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResiding at the apex of the hematopoietic hierarchy, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all mature blood cells. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in single-cell RNA sequencing as well as multi-omics technologies that have facilitated elucidation of the heterogeneity of previously defined human HSPCs. From the embryonic stage through the adult stage to aging, single-cell studies have enabled us to trace the origins of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating different hematopoietic differentiation during development, as well as identifying novel cell populations. In both hematological benign diseases and malignancies, single-cell omics technologies have begun to reveal tissue heterogeneity and have permitted mapping of microenvironmental ecosystems and tracking of cell subclones, thereby greatly broadening our understanding of disease development. Furthermore, advances have also been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms for relapse and identifying therapeutic targets of hematological disorders and other non-hematological diseases. Extensive exploration of hematopoiesis at the single-cell level may thus have great potential for broad clinical applications of HSPCs, as well as disease prognosis.Graphical abstract
Unlocking the secrets behind liquid superlubricity: A state-of-the-art review on phenomena and mechanisms
Authors: Han Tianyi , Zhang Shuowen , Zhang Chenhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuperlubricity, the state of ultralow friction between two sliding surfaces, has become a frontier subject in tribology. Here, a state-of-the-art review of the phenomena and mechanisms of liquid superlubricity are presented based on our ten-year research, to unlock the secrets behind liquid superlubricity, a major approach to achieve superlubricity. An overview of the discovery of liquid superlubricity materials is presented from five different categories, including water and acid-based solutions, hydrated materials, ionic liquids (ILs), two-dimensional (2D) materials as lubricant additives, and oil-based lubricants, to show the hydrodynamic and hydration contributions to liquid superlubricity. The review also discusses four methods to further expand superlubricity by solving the challenge of lubricants that have a high load-carrying capacity with a low shear resistance, including enhancing the hydration contribution by strengthening the hydration strength of lubricants, designing friction surfaces with higher negative surface charge densities, simultaneously combining hydration and hydrodynamic contribution, and using 2D materials (e.g., graphene and black phosphorus) to separate the contact of asperities. Furthermore, uniform mechanisms of liquid superlubricity have been summarized for different liquid lubricants at the boundary, mixed, and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. To the best of our knowledge, almost all the immense progresses of the exciting topic, superlubricity, since the first theoretical prediction in the early 1990s, focus on uniform superlubricity mechanisms. This review aims to guide the research direction of liquid superlubricity in the future and to further expand liquid superlubricity, whether in a theoretical research or engineering applications, ultimately enabling a sustainable state of ultra-low friction and ultra-low wear as well as transformative improvements in the efficiency of mechanical systems and human bodies.
Occupational Segregation And Hypertension Inequity: The Implication Of The Inverse Hazard Law Among Healthcare Workers
Authors: Chantarat Tongtan , Enns Eva A. , Hardeman Rachel R. , McGovern Patricia M. , Myers Samuel L. , Dill Janette 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the United States (US), Black—particularly Black female—healthcare workers are more likely to hold occupations with high job demand, low job control with limited support from supervisors or coworkers and are more vulnerable to job loss than their white counterparts. These work-related factors increase the risk of hypertension. This study examines the extent to which occupational segregation explains the persistent racial inequity in hypertension in the healthcare workforce and the potential health impact of workforce desegregation policies. We simulated a US healthcare workforce with four occupational classes: health diagnosing professionals (i.e., highest status), health treating professionals, healthcare technicians, and healthcare aides (i.e., lowest status). We simulated occupational segregation by allocating 25-year-old workers to occupational classes with the race- and gender-specific probabilities estimated from the American Community Survey data. Our model used occupational class attributes and workers’ health behaviors to predict hypertension over a 40-year career. We tracked the hypertension prevalence and the Black–white prevalence gap among the simulated workers under the staus quo condition (occupational segregation) and the experimental conditions in which occupational segregation was eliminated. We found that the Black–white hypertension prevalence gap became approximately one percentage point smaller in the experimental than in the status quo conditions. These findings suggest that policies designed to desegregate the healthcare workforce may reduce racial health inequities in this population. Our microsimulation may be used in future research to compare various desegregation policies as they may affect workers’ health differently.
Precursor superconducting effects in the optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductor: the confrontation between superconducting fluctuations and percolative effects revisited
Authors: Llovo I. F. , Mosqueira J. , Carballeira C. , Vidal F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe confrontation between the superconducting fluctuations and percolation effects as the origin of the in-plane paraconductivity in cuprate superconductors was earlier addressed at a quantitative level in the case of the optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) compound. Using in-plane resistivity data from a high-quality YBCO thin film, we will extend these analyses to high reduced temperatures, in the case of the Gaussian-Ginzburg–Landau (GGL) approach for the conventional superconducting fluctuations, by considering the total energy cutoff. These data will also be analysed in terms of the mean field-approach of the effective-medium theory, to probe if emergent percolative effects may account for the resistivity rounding above $$T_{c}$$

T
c

. Our analyses confirm earlier conclusions: the measured paraconductivity cannot be explained in terms of emergent percolation processes, but it may be accounted for in terms of the GGL approach. These results also call into question alternative scenarios, including a recent proposal derived from emergent percolative effects.
Role of gelatin and chitosan cross-linked aqueous template in controlling the size of lithium titanium oxide
Authors: Ahamed Parbhej , Ghann William , Uddin Jamal , Yousuf Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSignificant safety advantages of lithium titanium oxide (LTO) over currently used graphite for lithium-ion batteries have been attracting scientists to develop novel synthetic methods of this anode material in order to combine with another cathode. This study utilizes self-sacrificing cross-linked aqueous templates of gelatin and chitosan polymer to control lithium titanium oxide (LTO) morphology and microstructure. Gelatin and chitosan self-assembled aqueous template containing LTO precursors has been evaporated at 110 °C and then calcined at 750 °C in a muffle furnace to synthesize white color LTO powder. Various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized LTO powders. Both XRD and EDS spectrum confirm the coating of gelatin and chitosan derived carbon species on the surface of LTO materials. The detailed characterization reveals that increasing the amount of gelatin to the mass ratio of gelatin and chitosan reduced LTO particle sizes. Thus, a size controlled carbon coating LTO preparation strategy have been established via gelatin and chitosan cross-linked aqueous template in controlling the morphology and microstructure of LTO material.
Flexural response of FRP-strengthened lightweight RC beams: hybrid bond efficiency of L‐shape ribbed bars and NSM technique
Authors: Tahmouresi Behzad , Momeninejad Kasra , Mohseni Ehsan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on employing near surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement technique, and L‐shape ribbed bars, for flexural strengthening of lightweight reinforced concrete (RC) beams. 18 RC beams including 14 lightweight RC beams and four normal-weight concrete beams were designed. The beams were strengthened with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate in bending tests. Test parameters included: (1) different FRP materials (glass bars and carbon sheets), (2) longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio, and (3) type of strengthening technique used (NSM reinforcement or hybrid). The ultimate tensile strength, deflection, compressive and tensile strain of concrete, and failure mode of the beams were examined under four-point flexural test. Results showed that the ultimate strength of all RC beams increased between 33 and 105% compared to the control beam. The ultimate strength of beams reinforced with CFRP in the mid-span region was 10% higher than that of beams strengthened at both ends, although the former exhibited 28% lower ultimate deflection. The ultimate strength and deflection of RC beams strengthened with combined steel reinforcing bars and GFRP bars were 10% and 108% higher, respectively, compared to those of RC beams strengthened with GFRP bars only. Hybrid L‐shape ribbed bars beams showed a considerably higher ductility (up to 170% increase in the ultimate deflection) compared to other beams. The comparison of the experimental results of the ultimate strength of the beams with ACI440-2R guidelines indicated a reasonable and conservative prediction of the code expression.
A hedonic analysis of factors impacting the value of planters on the used machinery market
Authors: Allison John , Mark Tyler B. , Burdine Kenneth H. , Shockley Jordan M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA hedonic model was employed to examine factors that influence the resale price of row crop planters on the used machinery market. Planter sale data from 2016 to 2018 were utilized to conduct the analysis. Results suggested that the primary factors impacting planter resale prices were make, age, condition, planter configuration, row number, and row spacing. As a function of age (depreciation), planter values were generally determined to decrease at a decreasing rate. Finally, it was determined that there was a significant interaction between the variables make and age, suggesting that different planter makes depreciate differently.