bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of wall material combination on the lipid oxidation of the hazelnut oil microcapsules
Authors: Zahran Hamdy , Bat Hilal , Şahin-Yeşilçubuk Neşe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHazelnut oil (HO) is important in terms of fatty acid composition and bioactive substances. Although there are a few studies on hazelnut oil encapsulation, there is limited research on the investigation of different wall material combinations for hazelnut oil microencapsulation and oxidative stability of the microcapsules. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different wall material combinations (gum Arabic, sodium caseinate, whey protein, gelatine, modified starch “Em-Cap” and pea protein with maltodextrin at a ratio of 1:9,w/w, respectively) on the oxidation degree of hazelnut oil microcapsules produced by spray drying. The feed emulsions used for microcapsule production were analyzed for emulsion stability (ES) and particle droplet size. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), moisture content, bulk density, particle size and total yield of hazelnut oil microcapsules were analyzed. Peroxide and p-Anisidine values were investigated during 15 days of storage at 50 °C. While the highest encapsulation efficiency, emulsion and oxidative stability were obtained for modified starch/maltodextrin (Em-Cap/MD), the lowest yeild was obtained for gelatine/maltodextrin (GE/MD) with the highest oxidation rate. Among the six wall material combinations evaluated, the modified starch (Em-Cap) performed best, with the highest encapsulation efficiency and lowest lipid oxidation rate. The results showed that the oxidative stability of hazelnut oil microcapsules was enhanced by combining different wall materials to increase the shelf life, which is reflected at the level of the food industry.
Cooperative guidance for active defence based on line-of-sight constraint under a low-speed ratio
Authors: Liu S. , Wang Y. , Li Y. , Yan B. , Zhang T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, an active defence cooperative guidance (ADCG) law that enables cheap and low-speed airborne defence missiles with low manoeuverability to accurately intercept fast and expensive attack missiles with high manoeuverability was designed to enhance the capability of aircraft for active defence. This guidance law relies on the line-of-sight (LOS) guidance method, and it realises active defence by adjusting the geometric LOS relationship involving an attack missile, a defence missile and an aircraft. We use a nonlinear integral sliding surface and an improved second-order sliding mode reaching law to design the guidance law. This can not only reduce the chattering phenomenon in the guidance command, but it can also ensure that the system can reach the sliding surface from any initial position in a finite time. Simulations were carried out to verify the proposed law using four cases: different manoeuvering modes of the aircraft, different speed ratios of the attack and defence missiles, different reaching laws applied to the ADCG law and a robustness analysis. The results show that the proposed guidance law can enable a defence missile to intercept an attack missile by simultaneously using information about the relative motions of the attack missile and the aircraft. It is also highly robust in the presence of errors and noise.
Pentecostalismo e antipetismo nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras
Authors: Araújo Victor 
Published: June 2022

ResumoO antipetismo explica o voto de pelo menos 40 por cento dos eleitores brasileiros para os quais a ideia de eleger o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) é inadmissível. O antipetista típico tende a ser descrito pela literatura como sujeito branco, escolarizado e anticorrupção. Neste trabalho, argumento que os evangélicos pentecostais, em sua maioria eleitores não brancos e de baixa renda, formam uma sólida base antipetista. Isso ocorre porque os eleitores desse grupo associam ao PT um conjunto de pautas vistas como “identitárias” e “anti-família”. Para testar esse argumento, utilizo dados de quatro rodadas do LAPOP que permitem distinguir a filiação religiosa e analisar o comportamento eleitoral dos respondentes nas eleições realizadas entre 2002 e 2018. Os resultados indicam que os evangélicos pentecostais são menos propensos a (1) votar no PT nas eleições presidenciais; (2) manifestar sentimentos de simpatia em relação ao partido; (3) recompensá-lo nas urnas pelos ganhos em bem-estar induzidos pela implementação do programa Bolsa Família.
Espiritualidad y chamanismo: Rituales de ayahuasca bajo el giro subjetivo en Colombia
Authors: Sarrazin Jean Paul 
Published: June 2022

ResumenEl ritual chamánico de la ayahuasca ha sido adoptado, adaptado y reinventado en contextos urbanos y cosmopolitas de diferentes países del mundo, un proceso que ha estado fuertemente permeado por prácticas y creencias de tiponew age. Una de las versiones locales de este fenómeno se conoce en Colombia como “tomas de yajé”, donde participan citadinos no indígenas de clase media y alta en busca de alteridad tradicional e inspiración espiritual. La investigación que dio origen a este artículo se basa principalmente en observaciones etnográficas y entrevistas, gracias a las cuales se analizaron las maneras en que se interpreta esta forma de chamanismo, indagando particularmente sobre los usos y sentidos del concepto de espiritualidad en las narrativas de los adeptos a las tomas. Los resultados son discutidos a la luz de teorías sobre las subjetividades y las religiosidades en la modernidad, lo cual permite comprender mejor los fundamentos socioculturales y las implicaciones de esta espiritualización del chamanismo. Se concluye que el giro subjetivo de la modernidad tardía es un factor clave para entender la reciente valoración del ritual, el cual se ha convertido, paradójicamente, en un vehículo para la difusión de valores individualistas.
Disasters as Critical Junctures: State Building and Industrialization in Chile after the Chillán Earthquake of 1939
Authors: Gil Magdalena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 1939 an earthquake destroyed south-central Chile, especially the city of Chillán. This event was arguably the most catastrophic socio-natural disaster in Chilean history, yet it has been mostly ignored in historical research. This article shows that the earthquake triggered a critical juncture for the Chilean state and was a determining factor in some of the most important institutional developments of the period. Using primary sources, the article describes this juncture, focusing on the destabilizing effect of the earthquake and linking it to the creation of two new state institutions, the Production Development Corporation (CORFO) and the Reconstruction and Assistantship Corporation (CRA), together with other important changes in state capacities. It concludes that the disaster is crucial in understanding the Chilean transition from an exporting economy to an import-substituting one after 1940, and to account for the strength of the Chilean state in the decades to come.
Rethinking Autonomy: Traveling between Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
Authors: Divald Susan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo improve the validity of our comparative endeavors in ethno-politics, this piece re-examines the relationship between conceptual definitions, categories of classification used in large-N datasets, and thick description found through case studies. It does this through the lens of claims to autonomy by ethnic minorities, and in particular through a detailed comparative case study of what autonomy means as a programmatic goal for ethnic minority Hungarian elites in Romania and Slovakia. Three unexpected findings emerge which make the case for qualitative research to better inform the categories and variables used in large-N datasets (1) there is a weak relationship between the conceptual definitions of autonomy and the way it is coded in relevant datasets like the Minorities at Risk (MAR) dataset; (2) empirically, the Hungarian comparative case studies show that elites do not think of autonomy in the same way as the conceptual literature nor do their understandings of autonomy easily fit into the coding categories of datasets; (3) there is inconsistency across Hungarian minority elites in their own definitions of autonomy as well as the lack of distinctions between autonomy and other institutional arrangements. This raises issues of equivalence and ambiguity and I conclude with suggestions for better measurement.
Product, equipment, uniform: Material environment and the consumption of work in New Delhi, India
Authors: Jaju Garima 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe article focuses on how low and lower-middle class youth employed in new private sector jobs in the booming service economy in Indian cities engage with the material environment of their workplace, and how, through their ‘aesthetic scrutiny’ of its materiality, come to ‘consume’ work. The setting is the store floor of a fast-expanding organized retail company, called Spexy, that sells budget eyewear products. Through ethnographic elaboration, the article follows how the Spexy staff deride the ‘un-branded’ products, ‘un-technical’ equipment, and ‘un-professional’ uniforms at their workplace. The company, as constituted of these ‘poor’ materials, is mocked for failing in its ‘company-ness’ and branded ‘fake’. The material environment of the workplace provides a platform for the articulation of larger configurations of ‘feelings’ the youth seek to give and get through formal employment in a private company. These articulations, in turn, reveal larger sociocultural valuations regarding ideas of social mobility and visibility in contemporary India where there is a strong interest in brand regimes and brand value hierarchies, fixation with technological education and expertise, and attraction towards a corporate work culture in the private sector, and, concomitantly, a strong desire amongst the store staff to craft branded, technical, and professional work identities. By putting the scholarship on work and consumption in dialogue, the article demonstrates how bottom-rung urban workers look expectantly to the material environment of company work to fulfil these desires.
Sustained specialized and family treatment in first-episode schizophrenia or related disorders: a 5-year randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Haan Lieuwe , Linszen Don , Wouters Luuk , Zwinderman Koos , Dingemans Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe long-term outcome of first-episode schizophrenia needs improvement. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of 5 years sustained specialist treatment (ST), ST including Parent groups (ST + P) or treatment as usual (TAU) on psychotic relapse and social functioning.MethodsA three condition randomized, parallel assigned, single-blind efficacy trial, in which 198 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients aged 15–28 years were included. The effect on time to first relapse, first relapse rates, mean number of relapses per patient, and time to the improvement of social functioning were analyzed using Cox regression or ANOVA.ResultsWe found no significant differences between treatment conditions in the ITT analysis concerning time to first relapse, nor first relapse rate. Mean number of relapses per patient differed at a trend level between ST, ST + P or TAU conditions, respectively: 0.72; 0.62 or 1.02 (p = 0.069). No evidence was found for differential effect of treatment conditions on social functioning.ConclusionFive years sustained ST of FEP nor addition of parent groups increased time to first relapse or reduced first relapse rate, compared to sustained TAU. Indications for favorable effects of parent groups were found on relapses per patient.
Caring for people with dementia in their own homes: homecare workers' experiences of tolerating and mitigating risk
Authors: Ruston Annmarie , Backhouse Tamara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLittle is known about risk management in homecare for people with dementia. We aimed to gain an understanding of the ways in which homecare workers assess and manage risk whilst caring for people with dementia in their own homes. We conducted a qualitative interview study with 17 homecare workers assisting people with dementia with their personal care. Interviews were face-to-face, semi-structured, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis was inductive and thematic. A key theme of risk was identified, with three main sources: the client as a source of risk to the homecare worker, the clients' home and behaviours as a risk to the client, and the wider health and social care system as a risk to both clients and homecare workers. Three interrelated aspects of risk were found to influence homecare workers' decision making and actions: homecare workers' perception of the level of risk, their perceived ability to control the risk and their tolerability of risk. The higher the perceived risk, the stronger the action taken by the worker or agency to mitigate it and the greater the impact on the client. To support effective development of this workforce there is a need to devise training that incorporates the use of tacit knowledge and experiential learning. Risk management policies for homecare should acknowledge and utilise the expertise, experiences and values of homecare workers.
Factors associated with caregiver adherence to mobile health interstage home monitoring in infants with single ventricle or biventricular shunt-dependent heart disease
Authors: Jackson Sydney R. , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Woodard Frances K. , Zyblewski Sinai C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMobile health technology is an emerging tool in interstage home monitoring for infants with single ventricle heart disease or biventricular shunt-dependent defects. This study sought to describe adherence to mobile health monitoring and identify factors and outcomes associated with adherence to mobile health monitoring. This was a retrospective, single-institution study of infants who were followed in a mobile health-based interstage home monitoring programme between February 2016 and October 2020. The analysis included 105 infants and subjects were grouped by frequency of adherence to mobile health monitoring. Within the study cohort, 16 (15.2%) had 0% adherence, 25 (23.8%) had <50% adherence, and 64 (61.0%) had >50% adherence. The adherent groups had a higher percentage of infants who were male (p = 0.02), white race (p < 0.01), non-Hispanic or non-Latinx ethnicity (p < 0.01) and had mothers with primary English fluency (p < 0.01), married marital status (p < 0.01), and a prenatal diagnosis of faetal cardiac disease (p = 0.03). Adherent groups also had a higher percentage of infants with non-Medicaid primary insurance (p < 0.01) and residence in a neighbourhood with a higher median household income (p < 0.04). Frequency of adherence was not associated with interstage mortality, unplanned cardiac reinterventions, or hospital readmissions. Impact of mobile health interstage home monitoring on caregiver stress as well as use of multi-language, low literacy, affordable mobile health options for interstage home monitoring warrant further investigation.
Does the age of legislators matter to their representational behavior? Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Tam Waikeung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this research note we examine the impacts of legislators' age on their representational behavior in Hong Kong by conducting content analyses of the questions raised by members of the Hong Kong legislature (LegCo) at the plenary meetings from 1998 to 2016. We explore whether young legislators were more likely than older legislators to represent youth interests. Our results show that legislators' age did not significantly affect their representational behavior. We propose three factors of this null finding. The first concerns the relatively low voter turnout among young people in Hong Kong. The second is related to the career incentives of legislators in authoritarian legislature. The last factor is the political affiliation of young legislators in Hong Kong.
Long-term effectiveness of Self-Help Plus in refugees and asylum seekers resettled in Western Europe: 12-month outcomes of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Turrini G. , Purgato M. , Tedeschi F. , Acartürk C. , Anttila M. , Au T. , Carswell K. , Churchill R. , Cuijpers P. , Friedrich F. , Gastaldon C. , Klein T. , Kösters M. , Lantta T. , Nosè M. , Ostuzzi G. , Papola D. , Popa M. , Sijbrandij M. , Tarsitani L. , Todini L. , Uygun E. , Välimäki M. , Walker L. , Wancata J. , White R. G. , Zanini E. , van Ommeren M. , Barbui C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
As refugees and asylum seekers are at high risk of developing mental disorders, we assessed the effectiveness of Self-Help Plus (SH + ), a psychological intervention developed by the World Health Organization, in reducing the risk of developing any mental disorders at 12-month follow-up in refugees and asylum seekers resettled in Western Europe.

Methods
Refugees and asylum seekers with psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire-12 ⩾ 3) but without a mental disorder according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) were randomised to either SH + or enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU). The frequency of mental disorders at 12 months was measured with the M.I.N.I., while secondary outcomes included self-identified problems, psychological symptoms and other outcomes.

Results
Of 459 participants randomly assigned to SH + or ETAU, 246 accepted to be interviewed at 12 months. No difference in the frequency of any mental disorders was found (relative risk [RR] = 0.841; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.389–1.819; p-value = 0.659). In the per protocol (PP) population, that is in participants attending at least three group-based sessions, SH + almost halved the frequency of mental disorders at 12 months compared to ETAU, however so few participants and events contributed to this analysis that it yielded a non-significant result (RR = 0.528; 95% CI 0.180–1.544; p-value = 0.230). SH + was associated with improvements at 12 months in psychological distress (p-value = 0.004), depressive symptoms (p-value = 0.011) and wellbeing (p-value = 0.001).

Conclusions
The present study failed to show any long-term preventative effect of SH + in refugees and asylum seekers resettled in Western European countries. Analysis of the PP population and of secondary outcomes provided signals of a potential effect of SH + in the long-term, which would suggest the value of exploring the effects of booster sessions and strategies to increase SH + adherence.
Is vascular insulin resistance an early step in diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance?
Authors: Carmichael Lauren , Keske Michelle A. , Betik Andrew C. , Parker Lewan , Brayner Barbara , Roberts-Thomson Katherine M. , Wadley Glenn D. , Hamilton D. Lee , Kaur Gunveen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that skeletal muscle microvascular (capillary) blood flow plays an important role in glucose metabolism by increasing the delivery of glucose and insulin to the myocytes. This process is impaired in insulin-resistant individuals. Studies suggest that in diet-induced insulin-resistant rodents, insulin-mediated skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow is impaired post-short-term high fat feeding, and this occurs before the development of myocyte or whole-body insulin resistance. These data suggest that impaired skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow is an early vascular step before the onset of insulin resistance. However, evidence of this is still lacking in humans. In this review, we summarise what is known about short-term high-calorie and/or high-fat feeding in humans. We also explore selected animal studies to identify potential mechanisms. We discuss future directions aimed at better understanding the ‘early’ vascular mechanisms that lead to insulin resistance as this will provide the opportunity for much earlier screening and timing of intervention to assist in preventing type 2 diabetes.
Integrative PheWAS analysis in risk categorization of major depressive disorder and identifying their associations with genetic variants using a latent topic model approach
Authors: Meng Xiangfei , Wang Michelle , O’Donnell Kieran J. , Caron Jean , Meaney Michael J. , Li Yue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder that constitutes a major public health problem. A tool for predicting the risk of MDD could assist with the early identification of MDD patients and targeted interventions to reduce the risk. We aimed to derive a risk prediction tool that can categorize the risk of MDD as well as discover biologically meaningful genetic variants. Data analyzed were from the fourth and fifth data collections of a longitudinal community-based cohort from Southwest Montreal, Canada, between 2015 and 2018. To account for high dimensional features, we adopted a latent topic model approach to infer a set of topical distributions over those studied predictors that characterize the underlying meta-phenotypes of the MDD cohort. MDD probability derived from 30 MDD meta-phenotypes demonstrated superior prediction accuracy to differentiate MDD cases and controls. Six latent MDD meta-phenotypes we inferred via a latent topic model were highly interpretable. We then explored potential genetic variants that were statistically associated with these MDD meta-phenotypes. The genetic heritability of MDD meta-phenotypes was 0.126 (SE = 0.316), compared to 0.000001 (SE = 0.297) for MDD diagnosis defined by the structured interviews. We discovered a list of significant MDD - related genes and pathways that were missed by MDD diagnosis. Our risk prediction model confers not only accurate MDD risk categorization but also meaningful associations with genetic predispositions that are linked to MDD subtypes. Our findings shed light on future research focusing on these identified genes and pathways for MDD subtypes.
Targeting parvalbumin promotes M2 macrophage polarization and energy expenditure in mice
Authors: Lin Shaojian , Zhang Anke , Yuan Ling , Wang Yufan , Zhang Chuan , Jiang Junkun , Xu Houshi , Yuan Huiwen , Yao Hui , Zhang Qianying , Zhang Yong , Lou Meiqing , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhen-Ning , Luan Bing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExercise benefits M2 macrophage polarization, energy homeostasis and protects against obesity partially through exercise-induced circulating factors. Here, by unbiased quantitative proteomics on serum samples from sedentary and exercised mice, we identify parvalbumin as a circulating factor suppressed by exercise. Parvalbumin functions as a non-competitive CSF1R antagonist to inhibit M2 macrophage activation and energy expenditure in adipose tissue. More importantly, serum concentrations of parvalbumin positively correlate with obesity in mouse and human, while treating mice with a recombinant parvalbumin blocker prevents its interaction with CSF1R and promotes M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Thus, although further studies are required to assess the significance of parvalbumin in mediating the effects of exercise, our results implicate parvalbumin as a potential therapeutic strategy against obesity in mice.