bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safewards: An integrative review of the literature within inpatient and forensic mental health units
Authors: Mullen Antony , Browne Graeme , Hamilton Bridget , Skinner Stephanie , Happell Brenda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMental health inpatient units are complex and challenging environments for care and treatment. Two imperatives in these settings are to minimize restrictive practices such as seclusion and restraint and to provide recovery‐oriented care. Safewards is a model and a set of ten interventions aiming to improve safety by understanding the relationship between conflict and containment as a means of reducing restrictive practices. To date, the research into Safewards has largely focused on its impact on measures of restrictive practices with limited exploration of consumer perspectives. There is a need to review the current knowledge and understanding around Safewards and its impact on consumer safety. This paper describes a mixed‐methods integrative literature review of Safewards within inpatient and forensic mental health units. The aim of this review was to synthesize the current knowledge and understanding about Safewards in terms of its implementation, acceptability, effectiveness and how it meets the needs of consumers. A systematic database search using Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsychInfo databases was followed by screening and data extraction of findings from 19 articles. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of empirical articles, and the Johanna Brigg’s Institute (JBI’s) Narrative, Opinion, Text‐Assessment and Review Instrument (NOTARI) was used to undertake a critical appraisal of discussion articles. A constant comparative approach was taken to analysing the data and six key categories were identified: training, implementation strategy, staff acceptability, fidelity, effectiveness and consumer perspectives. The success of implementing Safewards was variously determined by a measured reduction of restrictive practices and conflict events, high fidelity and staff acceptability. The results highlighted that Safewards can be effective in reducing containment and conflict within inpatient mental health and forensic mental health units, although this outcome varied across the literature. This review also revealed the limitations of fidelity measures and the importance of involving staff in the implementation. A major gap in the literature to date is the lack of consumer perspectives on the Safewards model, with only two papers to date focusing on the consumers point of view. This is an important area that requires more research to align the Safewards model with the consumer experience and improved recovery orientation.
Atmospheric plasma spraying to fabricate metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells with open‐channel porous metal support
Authors: Lin Jie , Li Haixia , Wang Wanhua , Qiu Peng , Tao Greg , Huang Kevin , Chen Fanglin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS‐SOFCs) have been fabricated by applying phase‐inversion tape‐casting and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The effect of the binder amount of the phase‐inversion slurries on the microstructure development of the 430L stainless steel metal support was investigated. The pore structures, the viscosity of the slurry, porosity and permeability of the as‐prepared metal supports are significantly influenced by the amount of the binder. NiO–scandia‐stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) anode, ScSZ electrolyte and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) cathode layers were consecutively deposited on the metal support with an ideal microstructure by APS process. The effect of plasma power of the APS on the microstructure of the electrolyte and cathode was investigated. A dense electrolyte layer and a porous cathode layer were successfully obtained at 40 and 6 kW of the APS plasma power, respectively. MS‐SOFCs, with a cell configuration of 430L/Ni‐ScSZ/ScSZ/LSCF, achieved a maximum cell power density of 1079 mW cm−2 at 700°C using humidified H2 as fuel and ambient air as oxidant. The corresponding ohmic resistance and total resistance of MS‐SOFCs was 0.14 and 0.32 Ω cm2, respectively. This work demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating high‐performance MS‐SOFCs with economical and scalable techniques.
The evolution and generation of nanosurfaces and their microcontact mechanism in glass‐embossing process
Authors: Li Kangsen , Wang Zhenlong , Gong Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlass‐embossing technology has attracted great attention due to its promise of low‐cost and environmentally conscious fabrication of well‐defined and controllable surfaces and nanostructured devices. The embossed surface quality of glass structures is a very important index for optics. However, the evolutions of nanosurfaces and their microcontact mechanism during glass‐embossing process have not been deeply and comprehensively investigated. Here, we studied the surface morphology evolution of optical glass under different processing conditions using a tungsten carbide surface plate with nanoscale roughness as the mold. The light transmittances of different embossed glasses were detected by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The flow deformation and microcontact mechanism of glass‐supercooled liquids were revealed during glass‐embossing process. The result showed that the rough optical glass can successfully replicate the nanoscale smoothness of the tungsten carbide template without grinding or polishing. On the basis of the previous study, the glass‐surfaced structures from nanoscale to macroscale are fabricated. This work provides better understanding for the evolution of nanosurfaces and the fabrication of nanostructured optics during glass‐embossing process.
Toughening (NbTaZrW)C high‐entropy carbide ceramic through Mo doping
Authors: He Liu , Zhang Jun , Li Zhongtao , Lin Nan , Liu Bo , Zhao Shijun , Jin Ke , Chen Hongyu , Yan Hongge , Peng Fei , Ma Yi , Wu Zhenggang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreviously, we investigated the mechanical properties of a series of multi‐cation high‐entropy ceramic carbides and found that (NbTaZrW)C exhibits the best combination of nanohardness and toughness. In the current study, we explored the possibility of further hardening and/or toughening of this carbide through cation‐site Mo doping. The results show that MoC has at least 20 at.% solubility in (NbTaZrW)C. There is a tight positive relationship between average lattice distortion and mixing enthalpy; and when cation‐site Mo content is below 10 at.%, the “entropy effect” outweighs the “enthalpy effect,” leading to increased phase stability. As Mo content increases, the sacrifice of hardening is much less pronounced in comparison with that of the achievement of toughening. Quantitatively, as Mo in cation sites increases to 20 at.%, the toughness of (NbTaZrW)C is increased by ∼18%, whereas the nanohardness undergoes only ∼7% reduction. More intriguing, the 5 at.% Mo‐doped (NbTaZrW)C exhibits simultaneous improvement of nanohardness and toughness. This hardening/toughening behavior is associated with the complex and hybrid effects from lattice distortion, bonding nature as well as dislocation slip behavior. In general, this study shows the possibility of paving the way for the design and search of novel transition metal carbides with a better combination of hardness and toughness.
Characterization of nitrilases from Variovorax boronicumulans that functions in insecticide flonicamid degradation and β-cyano-L-alanine detoxification
Authors: Jiang Huoyong , Jiang Nengdang , Wang Li , Guo Jingjing , Chen Kexin , Dai Yijun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
To characterize the functions of nitrilases of Variovorax boronicumulans CGMCC 4969 and evaluate flonicamid (FLO) degradation and β-cyano-L-alanine (Ala(CN)) detoxification by this bacterium.

Methods and Results
Variovorax boronicumulans CGMCC 4969 nitrilases (NitA and NitB) were purified, and substrate specificity assay indicated that both of them degraded insecticide FLO to N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycinamide (TFNG-AM) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinol glycine (TFNG). Ala(CN), a plant detoxification intermediate, was hydrolysed by NitB. Escherichia coli overexpressing NitA and NitB degraded 41.2 and 93.8% of FLO (0.87 mmol·L−1) within 1 h, with half-lives of 1.30 and 0.25 h, respectively. NitB exhibited the highest nitrilase activity towards FLO. FLO was used as a substrate to compare their enzymatic properties. NitB was more tolerant to acidic conditions and organic solvents than NitA. Conversely, NitA was more tolerant to metal ions than NitB. CGMCC 4969 facilitated FLO degradation in soil and surface water and utilized Ala(CN) as a sole nitrogen source for growth.

Conclusions
CGMCC 4969 efficiently degraded FLO mediated by NitA and NitB; NitB was involved in Ala(CN) detoxification.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study promotes our understanding of versatile functions of nitrilases from CGMCC 4969 that is promising for environmental remediation.
Characteristics of the gut microbiota in Bifidobacterium catenulatum LI10 pretreated rats with lower levels of D-galactosamine-induced liver damage
Authors: Zha Hua , Si Guinian , Wang Chenyu , Lv Jiawen , Zhang Hua , Li Lanjuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims
Liver damage has caused great illness in human beings. Bifidobacterium catenulatum LI10 has been determined with protective effect against D-galactosamine-induced liver damage. However, due to the sample limitation, the individual difference in its protective effect was not determined. The current study was designed to characterize the gut microbiota of LI10-pretreated rats with lower levels of liver damage.

Methods and Results
A series of experiments and bioinformatic analyses were carried out. Two rat cohorts with different levels of liver damage were determined, that is, Non-Severe and Severe cohorts. Six out of the seven measured liver function variables were lower in the Non-Severe cohort, while four cytokine variables also yielded differences between the two cohorts. The Non-Severe and Severe cohorts were determined with distinct gut microbiota, among which ASV14_Parabacteroides and ASV7_Bacteroides were most associated with Non-Severe and Severe cohorts, respectively. Five phylotypes were determined as structural gatekeepers in the microbiota network of Non-Severe cohort, ASV135_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 of which contributed most to the stability of the network.

Conclusions
The relevant findings suggest that some gut bacteria could benefit the protective effect of LI10 on lowering the severity of rat liver damage.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The bacteria benefiting the protective effects of potential probiotics could be further investigated for future clinical application.
Dexmedetomidine reduces enteric glial cell injury induced by intestinal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury through mitochondrial localization of TERT
Authors: Hu Qian , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Liu Zheng‐Ren , Liu Zhi‐Yi , Zhang Huai‐Gen , Zhang Qin , Huang Yuan‐Lu , Chen Qiu‐Hong , Wang Wen‐Xiang , Zhang XueKang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study was performed to uncover the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress injury induced by mitochondrial localization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in enteric glial cells (EGCs) following intestinal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat models. Following establishment of intestinal IRI models by superior mesenteric artery occlusion in Wistar rats, the expression and distribution patterns of TERT were detected. The IRI rats were subsequently treated with low or high doses of dexmedetomidine, followed by detection of ROS, MDA and GSH levels. Calcein cobalt and rhodamine 123 staining were also carried out to detect mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), respectively. Moreover, oxidative injury of mtDNA was determined, in addition to analyses of EGC viability and apoptosis. Intestinal tissues and mitochondria of EGCs were badly damaged in the intestinal IRI group. In addition, there was a reduction in mitochondrial localization of TERT, oxidative stress, whilst apoptosis of EGCs was increased and proliferation was decreased. On the other hand, administration of dexmedetomidine was associated with promotion of mitochondrial localization of TERT, whilst oxidative stress, MPTP and mtDNA in EGCs, and EGC apoptosis were all inhibited, and the MMP and EGC viability were both increased. A positive correlation was observed between different doses of dexmedetomidine and protective effects. Collectively, our findings highlighted the antioxidative effects of dexmedetomidine on EGCs following intestinal IRI, as dexmedetomidine alleviated mitochondrial damage by enhancing the mitochondrial localization of TERT.
Periplocymarin alleviates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Fan Cai‐lian , Liang Sui , Ye Meng‐nan , Cai Wan‐jun , Chen Miao , Hou Yun‐long , Guo Jun , Dai Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPathological cardiac hypertrophy is the most important risk factor for developing chronic heart failure. Therefore, the discovery of novel agents for treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy remains urgent. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect and mechanism of periplocymarin (PM)‐mediated protection against pathological cardiac hypertrophy using angiotensinII (AngII)‐stimulated cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells and transverse aortic constriction (TAC)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. In vitro, PM treatment significantly reduced the surface area of H9c2 cells and expressions of hypertrophy‐related proteins. Meanwhile, PM markedly down‐regulated AngII‐induced translocation of p‐STAT3 into the nuclei and enhanced the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins. The STAT3 specific inhibitor S3I‐201 or siRNA‐mediated depleted expression could alleviate AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells following PM treatment; however, PM failed to reduce the expressions of hypertrophy‐related proteins and phosphorylated STAT3 in STAT3‐overexpressing cells, indicating that PM protected against AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by modulating STAT3 signalling. In vivo, PM reversed TAC‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, as determined by down‐regulating ratios of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW), heart weight to tibial length (HW/TL) and expressions of hypertrophy‐related proteins accompanied by the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. These results revealed that PM could effectively protect the cardiac structure and function in experimental models of pathological cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. PM is expected to be a potential lead compound of the novel agents for treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Vestigial‐like family member 3 stimulates cell motility by inducing high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 expression in cancer cells
Authors: Hori Naoto , Takakura Yuki , Sugino Ayumi , Iwasawa Shuto , Nomizo Kota , Yamaguchi Naoto , Takano Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Noritaka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVestigial‐like family member 3 (VGLL3) is a cofactor for TEA domain transcription factors (TEADs). Although VGLL3 is known to be highly expressed and stimulate cell proliferation in mesenchymal cancer cells, its involvement in mesenchymal phenotypes is largely unknown. In this study, we found that VGLL3 promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like phenotypic changes. We found that A549 human lung cancer cells stably expressing VGLL3 exhibit spindle‐like morphological changes, reduction in the epithelial marker E‐cadherin and induction of the mesenchymal marker Snail. Notably, VGLL3‐expressing cells exhibited enhanced motility. The DNA‐binding protein high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) was found to be a target of the VGLL3‐TEAD4 complex, and HMGA2 knockdown repressed EMT‐like phenotypic changes in VGLL3‐expressing cells. VGLL3‐dependent phenotypic changes are involved in transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)‐induced EMT progression. VGLL3 or HMGA2 knockdown repressed the motility of the mesenchymal breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Importantly, high levels of VGLL3 expression were shown to have a positive correlation with poor prognosis in various human cancers, such as breast, colon, ovarian, head and neck, pancreatic, renal, gastric and cervical cancers. These results suggest that VGLL3 promotes EMT‐like cell motility by inducing HMGA2 expression and accelerates cancer progression.
Combined anticancer effects of simvastatin and arsenic trioxide on prostate cancer cell lines via downregulation of the VEGF and OPN isoforms genes
Authors: Mirzaei Akram , Rashedi Sina , Akbari Mohammad Reza , Khatami Fatemeh , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem 
Published: April 2022

AbstractArsenic trioxide (ATO) and statins have been demonstrated to have anti‐neoplastic properties; however, the data regarding their combination therapy is limited. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of ATO, Simvastatin and their combination in proliferation, apoptosis and pathological angiogenesis in prostate cancer cell lines. The human prostate cell lines were treated with different concentrations of Simvastatin and ATO alone and combined to find effective doses and IC50 values. In addition, the percentage of apoptotic cells was evaluated by annexin/PI staining, and mRNA expression levels of the apoptotic gene, including OPN isoforms and VEGF, were investigated using real‐time PCR. Our data displayed that Simvastatin (12 and 8 μM in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines respectively), ATO (8 and 5 μM in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines respectively), and also their combination (12 μM Simvastatin and 8 μM ATO in PC3, 8 μM Simvastatin and 5 μM ATO in LNCaP cell lines respectively) significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Also, we showed that the combination therapy by Simvastatin and ATO increased cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, providing anti‐proliferative and anti‐angiogenic properties, possibly via downregulation of the expression of VEGF and OPN genes. These results provide new perceptions regarding the anticancer roles of ATO and statins’ combination therapy in prostate cancer.
Gut dysbiosis in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma is characterized by shifts in relative abundances of specific bacterial taxa and decreased diversity in more advanced disease
Authors: Hooper M.J. , LeWitt T.M. , Pang Y. , Veon F.L. , Chlipala G.E. , Feferman L. , Green S.J. , Sweeney D. , Bagnowski K.T. , Burns M.B. , Seed P.C. , Choi J. , Guitart J. , Zhou X.A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients often suffer from recurrent skin infections and profound immune dysregulation in advanced disease. The gut microbiome has been recognized to influence cancers and cutaneous conditions; however, it has not yet been studied in CTCL.ObjectivesTo investigate the gut microbiome in patients with CTCL and in healthy controls.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted between January 2019 and November 2020 at Northwestern’s busy multidisciplinary CTCL clinic (Chicago, Illinois, USA) utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to characterize the microbiota present in fecal samples of CTCL patients (n = 38) and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 13) from the same geographical region.ResultsGut microbial α‐diversity trended lower in patients with CTCL and was significantly lower in patients with advanced CTCL relative to controls (P = 0.015). No differences in β‐diversity were identified. Specific taxa were significantly reduced in patient samples; significance was determined using adjusted P‐values (q‐values) that accounted for a false discovery rate threshold of 0.05. Significantly reduced taxa in patient samples included the phylum Actinobacteria (q = 0.0002), classes Coriobacteriia (q = 0.002) and Actinobacteria (q = 0.03), order Coriobacteriales (q = 0.003), and genus Anaerotruncus (q = 0.01). The families Eggerthellaceae (q = 0.0007) and Lactobacillaceae (q = 0.02) were significantly reduced in patients with high skin disease burden.ConclusionsGut dysbiosis can be seen in patients with CTCL compared to healthy controls and is pronounced in more advanced CTCL. The taxonomic shifts associated with CTCL are similar to those previously reported in atopic dermatitis and opposite those of psoriasis, suggesting microbial parallels to the immune profile and skin barrier differences between these conditions. These findings may suggest new microbial disease biomarkers and reveal a new angle for intervention.
Short‐term movement dynamics of the world’s largest sea cucumbers (genus Thelenota)
Authors: Gray Benjamin C. T. , Calvert Luke A. , Purcell Steven W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMovement studies on marine animals can inform conservation and fishery management planning through data that explain likely dispersals and home‐ranging behaviours. Relatively few studies are documented for exploited marine invertebrates, despite many having a high ecological and commercial value. We assessed the diurnal movement patterns of Thelenota ananas and Thelenota anax, the world's largest sea cucumbers, which are highly exploited throughout the Indo‐Pacific. At two coral reef sites at Lizard Island, northern Australia, we tracked the 2‐hourly displacement of individuals from morning to nightfall. Movement of T. ananas was more reef‐associated and tortuous than T. anax. Displacement rates averaged 80 cm h−1 (±8 SE) for T. ananas and 73 cm h−1 (±20) for T. anax. Body size accounted for half of the variation in displacement for T. ananas. Mobility peaked in the late afternoon or early evening for both species, and animals tended to reverse their direction of travel after midday. The data reflect a pattern of animals meandering out from their reef shelters onto sandy lagoon floors to forage, before returning to the reefs. This empirical evidence offers further support that these holothuroids contribute to the formation of “reef halos”. The exceptionally high movement rates and patterns found in this study should inform the design of spatial management measures.