bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The thin line that made the difference: a case report on a Bosniak IIF renal cystic mass treated with cyst decortication
Authors: Forookhi Ali , Bicchetti Marco , Lucciola Sara , Porreca Angelo , Busetto Gian Maria , Del Monte Maurizio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Among all benign kidney lesions, renal cysts are the most common type. In the proposed update of 2019, the Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses is used to classify renal masses according to their likelihood of malignancy, both on computed tomography (CT) and on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Case presentation
A middle-aged Caucasian male presented to our department with chronic right flank pain. Imaging studies revealed a right renal Bosniak IIF cyst, later complicated by traumatic haemorrhage. The patient consequently underwent cyst decortication for symptom relief. Biopsy results from samples taken during the laparoscopic operation revealed ISUP grade 1 cystic clear cell carcinoma.

Conclusion
The treatment of Bosniak IIF cysts has long been a matter of debate. As a result of scarcity of data on the probability of malignancy in MRI using the new classification, such cysts should be carefully scrutinised and staged before choosing a treatment option. Retroperitoneal seeding should always be considered in interventions involving an incomplete resection margin or cyst drainage.
Phantom subsurface targets in ground-penetrating radar data
Authors: Diamanti Nectaria , Annan A. Peter , Vargemezis Georgios 
Published: May 2022

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been a very effective tool for exploring the subsurface and the nondestructive testing of nonmetallic structures for the past 40–50 years. The traditional GPR data interpretation is built upon the innate bias that all signals emanate from within the ground and most GPR users are normally under the impression that energy mostly travels straight down leading to the perception that “targets” are beneath the measurement location. The response of features at the ground surface and above ground also is present in most data but not always consciously noted as contributing to the measurements. One class of responses from above-ground features is routinely called “airwaves” because they normally exhibit moveout velocities of air. Often, an above-ground source is not the first thing that comes to mind during data interpretation, unless the user is experienced. Even experienced users can occasionally be misled, as above-ground features are expected to reach the GPR receiver with the moveout velocity of air. Recent experience in some of our surveys has created concerns because the targets at or above the ground surface demonstrated ground wave moveout velocity, which eliminates one of the diagnostic tools. This paper explores this issue, identifies GPR signal paths, and suggests key factors to consider in field operations and data interpretation. To demonstrate the concepts described, we have used numerical modeling and field data sets.
Toward Incorporating Health-Related Quality of Life as Coprimary End Points in Clinical Trials: Time to Achieve Clinical Important Differences and QoL Profiles
Authors: Gebski Val , Obermair Andreas , Janda Monika 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Besides morbidity and mortality, quality of life (QoL) is a key outcome of cancer treatments. Trials on the basis of clinical outcomes have expectations that QoL outcomes can be either tolerated or improved. Simultaneously considering QoL and clinical outcomes is challenging with lack of suitable metrics allowing incorporation of QoL as coprimary end points in clinical trial design and utilization of hierarchical hypothesis testing. METHOD We propose combining time to achieving a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and probabilities of a MCID occurring in each QoL domain to provide QoL metrics analogous to those used for clinical end points. For QoL domains of interest, these yield QoL profiles, time to MCID, and number needed to treat. Incorporation of QoL as coprimary end points in clinical trial designs through hierarchical hypothesis testing can easily be achieved. The noninferiority designed Laparoscopic Approach to Carcinoma of the Endometrium trial, evaluating laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgery for endometrial cancer with Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General QoL domains, is used to illustrate the usefulness of these metrics. RESULTS This analysis revealed that laparoscopic surgery had a significant shorter time to MCID for physical and functional well-being QoL domains (physical mean: 1.5 months, 95% CI, 0.5 to 2.6; P = .002; and functional mean: 1.4 months; 95% CI, 0.4 to 2.4; P = .003) than abdominal surgery, but little difference between the two approaches for psychologic social and emotion well-being. Probability profile plots show a consistent > 2-fold higher chance of attaining a MCID for physical and functional well-being over time for laparoscopic compared with abdominal surgery. CONCLUSION This analysis reinforces the potential value of novel MCID metrics and their usefulness in raising the profile of QoL outcomes to complement clinical end points. The methods will allow health professionals to counsel patients about QoL outcomes and clinical outcomes simultaneously.
Prevalence and Phenotypic Effects of Copy Number Variants in Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Stamou Maria I , Brand Harrison , Wang Mei , Wong Isaac , Lippincott Margaret F , Plummer Lacey , Crowley William F , Talkowski Michael , Seminara Stephanie , Balasubramanian Ravikumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
The genetic architecture of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) has not been completely defined.

Objective
To determine the role of copy number variants (CNVs) in IHH pathogenicity and define their phenotypic spectrum.

Methods
Exome sequencing (ES) data in IHH probands (n = 1394) (Kallmann syndrome [IHH with anosmia; KS], n = 706; normosmic IHH [nIHH], n = 688) and family members (n = 1092) at the Reproductive Endocrine Unit and the Center for Genomic Medicine of Massachusetts General Hospital were analyzed for CNVs and single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/indels in 62 known IHH genes. IHH subjects without SNVs/indels in known genes were considered “unsolved.” Phenotypes associated with CNVs were evaluated through review of patient medical records. A total of 29 CNVs in 13 genes were detected (overall IHH cohort prevalence: ~2%). Almost all (28/29) CNVs occurred in unsolved IHH cases. While some genes (eg, ANOS1 and FGFR1) frequently harbor both CNVs and SNVs/indels, the mutational spectrum of others (eg, CHD7) was restricted to SNVs/indels. Syndromic phenotypes were seen in 83% and 63% of IHH subjects with multigenic and single gene CNVs, respectively.

Conclusion
CNVs in known genes contribute to ~2% of IHH pathogenesis. Predictably, multigenic contiguous CNVs resulted in syndromic phenotypes. Syndromic phenotypes resulting from single gene CNVs validate pleiotropy of some IHH genes. Genome sequencing approaches are now needed to identify novel genes and/or other elusive variants (eg, noncoding/complex structural variants) that may explain the remaining missing etiology of IHH.
Béroalde de Verville, médecin conteur, et la seconde vie de la Querelle de l’Abstinente (1612)
Authors: Winn Colette H. 
Published: May 2022

Résumé
La Querelle de l’abstinente, suite à la parution, en 1566, puis en 1597, du Huitiesme Paradoxe de Laurent Joubert, opposa dans un premier temps le médecin orléanais, Israël Harvet, au médecin poitevin, François Citoys, autour de la question de savoir combien de temps un être humain peut rester en vie sans boire ni manger. Le médecin tourangeau, Béroalde de Verville, s’était d’abord rangé du côté d’Harvet qui réfutait les arguments de Citoys en faveur de la thèse avancée par Joubert. En 1612, alors que la Querelle de l’Abstinente a pratiquement sombré dans l’oubli, le conteur Béroalde de Verville lui redonne une seconde vie. Dans Le Palais des Curieux (Object XVIII), il consacre à la question des abstinences extraordinaires trois brefs récits intitulés « D’une fille qui vivait sans manger », « De l’Epimenidium » et « D’un homme fort sobre ». Nous nous proposons de relire ces textes en nous interrogeant sur 1) les motivations qui ont pu conduire Béroalde de Verville à relancer un débat depuis longtemps classé ; 2) les choix auctoriaux – celui de traiter d’une question médicale sous la forme d’historiettes et celui d’insérer celles-ci dans un recueil de curiosités assemblé « pour le plaisir des Doctes et le bien de ceux qui desirent toujours savoir » ; et 3) la nouvelle dimension que prend alors l’ancienne querelle d’école.
Dining with the Hermaphrodites
Authors: Long Kathleen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe régime de santé, already by the end of the medieval era a well-developed genre that offered advice on diet and other health practices, found new life in the sixteenth century as the Galenic works on food and hygiene that informed it were translated into Latin and even into vernacular languages. The precepts of this genre entered into the literary culture of early modern France primarily through the avenue of satire, in which characters were defined by the food they ate and by other aspects of the Galenic regimen. Because of its association with treatises on the education of princes, the régime de santé took a political turn, something that is also echoed in satirical literature. One clear example of the politics of the régime de santé is the banquet scene of L’Isle des hermaphrodites (The Island of Hermaphrodites), published in 1605 and circulated widely in Paris. This novel seems at first glance to be a fairly straightforward satire of the excesses of the court of Henri III of France (r. 1574–1589). Yet the banquet scene evokes the flexibility of diet and of other aspects of the Galenic regimen in the profusion and variety of food presented. In linking the practices of the hermaphrodites to contemporary works on the régime de santé, this novel suggests another possibility: a world where the needs of an individual living in a particular environment are met with a diet and way of life appropriate to those needs. In presenting this alternative view, the novel raises the question whether such individualized care is merely self-indulgent or whether it is very much needed in the aftermath of the massive trauma of the Wars of Religion.
Teresa de Cartagena’s Illness and Disability as Embodied Knowledge
Authors: Kim Yonsoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhysical illness may lead women to grow spiritually, reflect on their lives, and learn how to write about their unique experiences. A fifteenth-century Castilian writer, Teresa de Cartagena distinguishes herself for being a nun, a conversa, a member of a powerful Jewish family, and most of all a disabled (deaf) woman of letters. Her work Arboleda de los enfermos represents a hybrid paradigm in which literature, religion, and medicine interact with one another in medieval Europe. Teresa’s use of embodied metaphors to describe her experience of isolation and loneliness helps reorient readers’ understanding of the disability narrative. Suffering itself serves as an embodiment of consolation and as a medical and religious treatment that relieves her suffering. This article argues that to objectively examine her illness and disability, Teresa deploys intersectional knowledge to interpret her experience, and to empower herself and those who are suffering from the same condition, asserting that deafness, like any other physical impairment, is not a social or religious punishment but rather a “privileged” condition.
State Policies and Health Disparities between Transgender and Cisgender Adults: Considerations and Challenges Using Population-Based Survey Data
Authors: Gonzales Gilbert , Tran Nathaniel M. , Bennett Marcus A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Context: The authors examined the association between state-level policy protections and self-rated health disparities between transgender and cisgender adults.
Methods: They used data on transgender (n = 4,982) and cisgender (n = 1,168,859) adults from the 2014–2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The authors estimated state-specific health disparities between transgender and cisgender adults, and they used multivariable logistic regression models to compare adjusted odds ratios between transgender and cisgender adults by state-level policy environments.
Findings: Transgender adults were significantly more likely to report poor/fair health, frequent mental distress, and frequent poor physical health days compared to cisgender adults. Disparities between transgender and cisgender adults were found in states with strengthened protections and in states with limited protections. Compared to transgender adults in states with limited protections, transgender adults in states with strengthened protections were marginally less likely to report frequent mental distress.
Conclusions: Transgender adults in most states reported worse self-rated health than their cisgender peers. Much more research and robust data collection on gender identity are needed to study the associations between state policies and transgender health and to identify best practices for achieving health equity for transgender Americans.
Functions of the FGF signalling pathway in cephalochordates provide insight into the evolution of the prechordal plate
Authors: Meister Lydvina , Escriva Hector , Bertrand Stéphanie 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathway plays various roles during vertebrate embryogenesis, from mesoderm formation to brain patterning. This diversity of functions relies on the fact that vertebrates possess the largest FGF gene complement among metazoans. In the cephalochordate amphioxus, which belongs to the chordate clade together with vertebrates and tunicates, we have previously shown that the main role of FGF during early development is the control of rostral somite formation. Inhibition of this signalling pathway induces the loss of these structures, resulting in an embryo without anterior segmented mesoderm, as in the vertebrate head. Here, by combining several approaches, we show that the anterior presumptive paraxial mesoderm cells acquire an anterior axial fate when FGF signal is inhibited and that they are later incorporated in the anterior notochord. Our analysis of notochord formation in wild type and in embryos in which FGF signalling is inhibited also reveals that amphioxus anterior notochord presents transient prechordal plate features. Altogether, our results give insight into how changes in FGF functions during chordate evolution might have participated to the emergence of the complex vertebrate head.
Aberrant uterine folding in mice disrupts implantation chamber formation and alignment of embryo-uterine axes
Authors: Madhavan Manoj K. , DeMayo Francesco J. , Lydon John P. , Joshi Niraj R. , Fazleabas Asgerally T. , Arora Ripla 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The uterine luminal epithelium folds characteristically in mammals, including humans, horses and rodents. Improper uterine folding in horses results in pregnancy failure, but the precise function of folds remains unknown. Here, we uncover dynamic changes in the 3D uterine folding pattern during early pregnancy with the entire lumen forming pre-implantation transverse folds along the mesometrial-antimesometrial axis. Using a time course, we show that transverse folds are formed before embryo spacing, whereas implantation chambers form as the embryo begins attachment. Thus, folds and chambers are two distinct structures. Transverse folds resolve to form a flat implantation region, after which an embryo arrives at its center to attach and form the post-implantation chamber. Our data also suggest that the implantation chamber facilitates embryo rotation and its alignment along the uterine mesometrial-antimesometrial axis. Using WNT5A- and RBPJ-deficient mice that display aberrant folds, we show that embryos trapped in longitudinal folds display misalignment of the embryo-uterine axes, abnormal chamber formation and defective post-implantation morphogenesis. These mouse models with disrupted uterine folding provide an opportunity to understand uterine structure-based mechanisms that are crucial for implantation and pregnancy success.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Roles of the actin cytoskeleton in ciliogenesis
Authors: Hoffman Huxley K. , Prekeris Rytis 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Primary cilia play a key role in the ability of cells to respond to extracellular stimuli, such as signaling molecules and environmental cues. These sensory organelles are crucial to the development of many organ systems, and defects in primary ciliogenesis lead to multisystemic genetic disorders, known as ciliopathies. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of several key aspects of the regulation of ciliogenesis. Primary ciliogenesis is thought to take different pathways depending on cell type, and some recent studies shed new light on the cell-type-specific mechanisms regulating ciliogenesis at the apical surface in polarized epithelial cells, which are particularly relevant for many ciliopathies. Furthermore, recent findings have demonstrated the importance of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in positively and negatively regulating multiple stages of ciliogenesis, including the vesicular trafficking of ciliary components and the positioning and docking of the basal body. Finally, studies on the formation of motile cilia in multiciliated epithelial cells have revealed requirements for actin remodeling in this process too, as well as showing evidence of an additional alternative ciliogenesis pathway.
Glucose tolerance predicts survival in old zebra finches
Authors: Montoya Bibiana , Briga Michael , Jimeno Blanca , Verhulst Simon 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe capacity to deal with external and internal challenges is thought to affect fitness, and the age-linked impairment of this capacity defines the ageing process. Using a recently developed intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT), we tested for a link between the capacity to regulate glucose levels and survival in zebra finches. We also investigated for the effects of ambient factors, age, sex, and manipulated developmental and adult conditions (i.e. natal brood size and foraging cost, in a full factorial design) on glucose tolerance. Glucose tolerance was quantified using the incremental ‘area under the curve’ (AUC), with lower values indicating higher tolerance. Glucose tolerance predicted survival probability in old birds, above the median age, with individuals with higher glucose tolerance showing better survival than individuals with low or intermediate glucose tolerance. In young birds there was no association between glucose tolerance and survival. Experimentally induced adverse developmental conditions did not affect glucose tolerance, but low ambient temperature at sampling and hard foraging conditions during adulthood induced a fast return to baseline levels (i.e. high glucose tolerance). These findings can be interpreted as an efficient return to baseline glucose levels when energy requirements are high, with glucose presumably being used for energy metabolism or storage. Glucose tolerance was independent of sex. Our main finding that old birds with higher glucose tolerance had better survival supports the hypothesis that the capacity to efficiently cope with a physiological challenge predicts lifespan, at least in old birds.
Activation of p53 in anoxic freshwater crayfish, Faxonius virilis
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Breedon Sarah A. , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Tumor suppressing transcription factor p53 regulates multiple pathways including DNA repair, cell survival, apoptosis and autophagy. Here, we studied the stress-induced activation of p53 in anoxic crayfish (Faxonius virilis). Relative levels of target proteins and mRNAs involved in the DNA damage response were measured in normoxic control and anoxic hepatopancreas and tail muscle. Phosphorylation levels of p53 were assessed using immunoblotting at sites known to be phosphorylated (serine 15 and 37) in response to DNA damage or reduced oxygen signaling. The capacity for DNA binding by phosphorylated p53 (p-p53) was also measured, followed by transcript analysis of a potentially pro-apoptotic downstream target, the etoposide induced (ei24) gene. Following this, both inhibitor (MDM2) and activator (p19-ARF) protein levels in response to low-oxygen stress were studied. The results showed an increase in p-p53 levels during anoxia in both hepatopancreas and tail muscle. Increased transcript levels of ei24 support the activation of p53 under anoxic stress. Cytoplasmic accumulation of Ser15 phosphorylated p53 was observed during anoxia when proteins from cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were measured. Increased cytoplasmic concentration is known to initiate an apoptotic response, which can be assumed as a preparatory step to prevent autophagy. The results suggest that p53 might play a protective role in crayfish defense against low-oxygen stress. Understanding how anoxia-tolerant organisms are able to protect themselves against DNA damage could provide important clues towards survival under metabolic rate depression and preparation for recovery to minimize damage.
Degree of paraxiality of a twist electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam
Authors: Huang Ju , Jiang Wen , Cheng Jinping , Ji Xiaoling , Wang Tao 
Published: May 2022

The definition of the degree of paraxiality (DOP) for a stochastic electromagnetic field is applied to a twist stochastic electromagnetic field. As an illustrative example, DOP for a wide class of model stochastic fields, i.e., twist electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (TEGSM) fields, is discussed. The dependence of the DOP of the light source on its properties is also studied in detail. The numerical results show that the DOP of a TEGSM beam is determined by the rms widths of auto-correlation functions and the twist factor as well as by the degree of polarization. To explain the behavior of DOP, the far-field divergence angle of this beam source is also discussed.
Lamb-dip saturated-absorption cavity ring-down rovibrational molecular spectroscopy in the near-infrared
Authors: Aiello Roberto , Di Sarno Valentina , Santi Maria Giulia Delli , De Rosa Maurizio , Ricciardi Iolanda , Giusfredi Giovanni , De Natale Paolo , Santamaria Luigi , Maddaloni Pasquale 
Published: May 2022

The high-detection-sensitivity saturated-absorption cavity ring-down (SCAR) technique is extended to Lamb-dip spectroscopy of rovibrational molecular transitions in the near-infrared region. Frequency-comb-referenced sub-Doppler saturation measurements, performed on the acetylene

(

ν
1

+

ν
3

+

ν
4

←

ν
4

)

R(14)e line at

6562

cm

−
1

, are analyzed by a SCAR global line profile fitting routine, based on a specially developed theoretical model. Compared to a conventional cavity ring-down evaluation, our approach yields dip profiles with a linewidth freed from saturation broadening effects, reduced by 40%, and a signal-to-noise ratio increased by 90%. Ultimately, an overall (statistical and systematic) fractional uncertainty as low as

7
×

10

−
12

is achieved for the absolute line-center frequency. At the same time, our method is also able to accurately infer the linear (non-saturated) behavior of the gas absorption, providing Lamb-dip-based line strength measurements with a relative uncertainty of 0.5%.