bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of prophylactic doses of tranexamic acid in reducing hemorrhagic events in sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Lech Paweł , Michalik Maciej , Waczyński Kamil , Osowiecka Karolina , Dowgiałło-Gornowicz Natalia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is currently the most common bariatric surgery in the world. Although it appears to be a safe treatment for obesity, it is still at risk of complications. The latest literature shows that postoperative bleeding occurs in 2–4% of cases, and up to 3% of cases requires reoperation for hemostasis. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on hemorrhagic events and the reoperation rate in patients undergoing LSG.

Methods
The study was designed as a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing LSG. We investigate the patients 6 months before and 6 months after introducing the prophylaxis doses of TXA into our bariatric protocol (non-TXA group vs TXA group).

Results
Three hundred fourteen patients underwent LSG in a high-volume center from 2016 to 2017. After introducing TXA, a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of hemorrhage during surgery was observed (22.3% vs 10.8%, p = 0.006). There was a statistically significant reduction in the need for the staple line oversewing (10.2% vs 1.9%, p = 0.002). The mean operating time and the mean length of hospital stay were significantly higher in the non-TXA group than TXA group (63.1 vs 53.7 min, p < 000.1; 2.3 vs 2.1, p = 0.02). In both groups of patients, no venous thromboembolism or other complications occurred within 6 months after the surgery.

Conclusions
The prophylactic doses of TXA may be useful in reducing the hemorrhagic events during LSG. It may also shorten the length of hospital stay and the operating time.
An origami paper-based electrochemical biosensing platform for quality control of agri-food waste in the valorization strategy
Authors: Colozza Noemi , Di Meo Erika , Mucaria Angelica , Moscone Danila , Arduini Fabiana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing demand for food and the need for a sustainability vision in the agri-food sector have boosted novel approaches for food management, enhancing the valorization of wastes and by-products belonging to the food industry. Herein, we present a novel paper-based origami device to assess the amount of both glucosinolate and glucose in a food waste product belonging to Brassicaceae plants, to evaluate the quality value and the correct management of waste samples. The device has been designed as an origami paper-based platform constituted of two paper-based biosensors to work synergistically in a multiplexed detection. In detail, a monoenzymatic biosensor and a bienzymatic biosensor were configured for the detection of glucose and glucosinolates, respectively, using filter paper pads preloaded with glucose oxidase and/or myrosinase. To complete the paper-based platform, the enzyme-preloaded pads were combined with office paper-based electrodes modified with Carbon black/Prussian Blue nanoparticles for the measurement of enzymatic by-product at a low applied potential (i.e., 0 V versus Ag/AgCl). Overall, this paper-based platform measured glucose and glucosinolate (i.e., sinigrin) with a linear range up to 2.5 and 1.5 mM, and detection limits of 0.05 and 0.07 mM, respectively. The repeatability corresponded to an RSD% equal to 5% by testing 10 mM of glucose, and 10% by testing 1 mM of sinigrin. The accuracy of the developed multiplex device was evaluated by recovery studies at two different levels of sinigrin, i.e., 0.25 and 0.5 mM, obtaining recoveries values equal to (111 ± 3) % and (86 ± 1) %, respectively. The multiplex detection of both glucose and glucosinolate in Brassicaceae samples evaluates the quality values of the waste sample, ensuring the quality of the re-used food product waste by using an eco-designed analytical tool. The combination of paper-based devices for quality control of food waste with the re-use of these food products represents a sustainable approach that perfectly matches sustainable agrifood practices as well as the overall approach of the circular economy.
Graphical abstract
Evaluating the impact of increasing temperatures on changes in Soil Organic Carbon stocks: sensitivity analysis and non-standard discrete approximation
Authors: Diele Fasma , Luiso Ilenia , Marangi Carmela , Martiradonna Angela , Woźniak Edyta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe SOC change index, defined as the normalized difference between the actual Soil Organic Carbon and the value assumed at an initial reference year, is here tailored to the RothC carbon model dynamics. It assumes as a baseline the value of the SOC equilibrium under constant environmental conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the response of the model to changes in temperature, Net Primary Production (NPP), and land use soil class (forest, grassland, arable). A non-standard monthly time-stepping procedure has been proposed to approximate the SOC change index in the Alta Murgia National Park, a protected area in the Italian Apulia region, selected as a test site. The SOC change index exhibits negative trends for all the land use considered without fertilizers. The negative trend in the arable class can be inverted by a suitable organic fertilization program here proposed.
Intra-Couple Wealth Inequality: What’s Socio-Demographics Got to Do with it?
Authors: Rehm Miriam , Schneebaum Alyssa , Schuster Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExisting literature shows that on average and across countries, men have higher levels of wealth than women. However, very little is known about the gender-specific wealth gap within couples. This paper studies this phenomenon for the first time in Austria. The particular focus of the paper is on the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of the couple and the couple’s gender wealth gap. We focus on how age, education, marital status, fertility, migratory background, and the gender of the respondent are related to the wealth gap within a couple. In both bivariate and multivariate analyses, we find evidence in support of the hypothesis that bargaining power plays an important role in the intra-couple gender wealth gap in Austria. Immigrant women living in a couple with native men, and, among natives, couples in which the man is much older on average, have larger gender wealth gaps. Furthermore, couples in which the woman is the “financially most knowledgeable person” in the household have consistently lower gender wealth gaps.
The measurement of binding affinities by NMR chemical shift perturbation
Authors: Hobbs Billy , Drant Jack , Williamson Mike P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe have carried out chemical shift perturbation titrations on three contrasting proteins. The resulting chemical shifts have been analysed to determine the best way to fit the data, and it is concluded that a simultaneous fitting of all raw shift data to a single dissociation constant is both the most accurate and the most precise method. It is shown that the optimal weighting of 15N chemical shifts to 1H chemical shifts is protein dependent, but is around the consensus value of 0.14. We show that chemical shift changes of individual residues can be fit to give residue-specific affinities. Residues with affinities significantly stronger than average are found in close contact with the ligand and are suggested to form a rigid contact surface, but only when the binding involves little conformational change. This observation may be of value in analysing binding and conformational change.
Technological relatedness and industrial transformation:
Authors: Amoroso Sara , Diodato Dario , Hall Bronwyn H. , Moncada-Paternò-Castello Pietro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article introduces eleven research articles that connect concepts of technological relatedness and diffusion with the transformation of industrial and innovation systems. These studies focus on the role of knowledge spillovers, regional variations in innovation and performance, and the evolution of new technologies, such as green and digital technologies. Regional capabilities and ability to diversify are key in accelerating the transformation process of existing industriesTaken all together, these studies suggest that industrial transformation hinge on firms capability to absorb domestic or foreign knowledge, regions capabilities, development trajectories, and their ability to network. In particular, regions capacity to diversify and leverage existing related knowledge are key in accelerating the green and digital transformation process of existing industries.
Astrocytes and the Psychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19: What We Learned from the Pandemic
Authors: Steardo Luca , Steardo Luca , Scuderi Caterina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCOVID-19, initially regarded as specific lung disease, exhibits an extremely broad spectrum of symptoms. Extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease also include important neuropsychiatric symptoms with atypical characteristics. Are these disturbances linked to stress accompanying every systemic infection, or are due to specific neurobiological changes associated with COVID-19? Evidence accumulated so far indicates that the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is characterized by systemic inflammation, hypoxia resulting from respiratory failure, and neuroinflammation (either due to viral neurotropism or in response to cytokine storm), all affecting the brain. It is reasonable to hypothesize that all these events may initiate or worsen psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Damage to the brain triggers a specific type of reactive response mounted by neuroglia cells, in particular by astrocytes which are the homeostatic cell par excellence. Astrocytes undergo complex morphological, biochemical, and functional remodeling aimed at mobilizing the regenerative potential of the central nervous system. If the brain is not directly damaged, resolution of systemic pathology usually results in restoration of the physiological homeostatic status of neuroglial cells. The completeness and dynamics of this process in pathological conditions remain largely unknown. In a subset of patients, glial cells could fail to recover after infection thus promoting the onset and progression of COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric diseases. There is evidence from post-mortem examinations of the brains of COVID-19 patients of alterations in both astrocytes and microglia. In conclusion, COVID-19 activates a huge reactive response of glial cells, that physiologically act as the main controller of the inflammatory, protective and regenerative events. However, in some patients the restoration of glial physiological state does not occur, thus compromising glial function and ultimately resulting in homeostatic failure underlying a set of specific neuropsychiatric symptoms related to COVID-19.
An enhancement of instruments for solution of general transmission line equations with method of lines, impedance-/admittance and field transformation in combination with finite differences
Authors: Spiller Waldemar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Method of Lines in combination with impedance/admittance and field transformation is used to analyze electromagnetic waves. The used cases are waveguiding structures in microwave technology and optics. The core of the theory is the solution of generalized transmission line equations (GTL). In the case of complex structures, a combination with finite differences (FD) can be used. The quality of this solution essentially depends on the effectiveness of the used interpolation of the differences. The individual steps of the FD are permanently linked to the steps of the fully vectorial impedance/admittance and field transformation, so standard libraries cannot be used. Two approaches based on the linear and quadratic interpolation were built into the impedance/admittance and field transformation in the past. However, the degree of improvement due to one or another kind of interpolation depends on the concrete behavior of the solution sought. In the case of complex structures, choosing the appropriate type of interpolation should be an effective aid. In this paper, an extension of the family of built-in methods is proposed—with the possibility of being able to build any known numerical method from the class of one-step or multi-step methods into the GTL solution. These can be higher-order methods, including fast explicit methods, or particularly stable implicit methods. The transmission matrices for the impedance/admittance and field transformation serve as the building site. To illustrate the procedure, some different methods are integrated into the GTL solution. The efficiency of the solutions is tested on some test structures and compared with each other and with existing solutions. The relevant waveguide specifics were discussed. Initial systematics and recommendations for users were derived.
Silicon-based flat-topped wavelength filter for low crosstalk, high fabrication tolerance and wideband operating range for CWDM applications
Authors: Jeong Seok-Hwan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA flat-topped wavelength filter with low crosstalk and high productivity is proposed and theoretically analyzed. The proposed filter scheme is composed of multiple cascade-connected delayed interferometers with several multimode interference couplers with 50:50 and 28:72 split ratios and a directional coupler with a 92:8 split ratio. Theoretical results based on analytic and numerical simulations exhibit flatband spectra over a wavelength range of > 100 nm and low crosstalk of < −20 [dB] with potentially better production yield for fabrication imperfections.
Phytoextraction of arsenic, nickel, selenium and zinc from sewage sludge: from laboratory to pilot scale
Authors: Salinitro Mirko , Montanari Sofia , Simoni Andrea , Ciavatta Claudio , Tassoni Annalisa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
The present study aimed at: (i) verifying the suitability of pure sewage sludge (SS) as growing medium for the hyperaccumulator species (Pteris vittata, Odontarrhena chalcidica, Astragalus bisulcatus and Noccaea caerulescens); (ii) evaluating the removal of As, Ni, Se and Zn operated by the chosen species; (iii) estimating the potential metal yields (bio-ore production) and connected monetary rewards in a small-scale field experiment.

Methods
Hyperaccumulator plants were first tested under controlled conditions, on three different SS (P1, P2, P3) characterized by the presence of one or more contaminants among As, Ni, Se and Zn. P1 sludge was then chosen for a small-scale field experiment. Hyperaccumulator seedlings were transferred on SS and cultivated for 16 weeks before harvesting.

Results
All hyperaccumulator species grew healthy on P1 SS, with A. bisulcatus and O. chalcidica reaching an average biomass of 40.2 and 21.5 g DW/plant. Trace metal concentrations in aerial parts were: As (P. vittata) 380 mg/kg DW, Ni (O. chalcidica) 683 mg/kg DW, Se (A. bisulcatus) 165 mg/kg DW, Zn (N. caerulescens) 461 mg/kg DW. The total removal of As, Ni, Se and Zn from SS due to phytoextraction was 5.8, 19, 18, 29% respectively.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that phytoextraction can be applied to SS for the removal contaminants while recovering valuable metals. Se and As were identified as the most promising target element, while Ni and Zn removal was poorly efficient under the present experimental conditions.
The late origins of the glottonym “русский язык”
Authors: Moser Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is no evidence for the use of the glottonym “русский язык” as a name of the Slavic dialects of medieval Rus´ in medieval texts until the mid-13th century. In its beginnings, the term obviously referred to a Scandinavian language: the language of the Varangians.
Benatar’s Anti-Natalism: Philosophically Flawed, Morally Dubious
Authors: Piller Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the first part of the paper, I discuss Benatar’s asymmetry argument for the claim that it would have been better for each of us to have never lived at all. In contrast to other commentators, I will argue that there is a way of interpreting the premises of his argument which makes all of them come out true. (This will require one departure from Benatar’s own presentation.) Once we see why the premises are true, we will, however, also realise that the argument trades on an ambiguity that renders it invalid. In the second part of the paper, I consider whether discussions of how best to implement the anti-natalist conclusion crosses a moral barrier. I ask whether we can, independently of any philosophical argument, raise a legitimate moral objection to discussions of how best to end all life on earth. I discuss three views concerning the role of our pre-philosophical views and attitudes in philosophical debates: the external view according to which these attitudes set moral barriers to the content of philosophical debate whilst themselves standing outside this debate; the internal view according to which our intuitions are part of the material for philosophical reflection and play no further role; and the intermediate view according to which our pre-reflective views and attitudes, without themselves requiring philosophical validation, can play an important role when it comes to issues regarding the implementation of philosophical claims.
Trends in osteoporotic fracture and related in-hospital complications during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Oliveira T. , Kendler D. L. , Schneider P. , Juby A. G. , Wani R. J. , Packalen M. , Avcil S. , Li S. , Waters-Banker C. , Graves E. , McMullen S. , Brown J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Summary
Fragility fractures (i.e., low-energy fractures) account for most fractures among older Canadians and are associated with significant increases in morbidity and mortality. Study results suggest that low-energy fracture rates (associated with surgical intervention and outcomes) declined slightly, but largely remained stable in the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose/introduction
This study describes rates of low-energy fractures, time-to-surgery, complications, and deaths post-surgery in patients with fractures during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Alberta, Canada, compared to the three years prior.

Methods
A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted using provincial-level administrative health data. Outcomes were assessed in 3-month periods in the 3 years preceding the COVID-19 pandemic and in the first two 3-month periods after restrictions were implemented. Patterns of fracture- and hospital-related outcomes over the control years (2017–2019) and COVID-19 restrictions periods (2020) were calculated.

Results
Relative to the average from the control periods, there was a slight decrease in the absolute number of low-energy fractures (n = 4733 versus n = 4308) during the first COVID-19 period, followed by a slight rise in the second COVID-19 period (n = 4520 versus n = 4831). While the absolute number of patients with low-energy fractures receiving surgery within the same episode of care decreased slightly during the COVID-19 periods, the proportion receiving surgery and the proportion receiving surgery within 24 h of admission remained stable. Across all periods, hip fractures accounted for the majority of patients with low-energy fractures receiving surgery (range: 58.9–64.2%). Patients with complications following surgery and in-hospital deaths following fracture repair decreased slightly during the COVID-19 periods.

Conclusions
These results suggest that low-energy fracture rates, associated surgeries, and surgical outcomes declined slightly, but largely remained stable in the first few months of the pandemic. Further investigation is warranted to explore patterns during subsequent COVID-19 waves when the healthcare system experienced severe strain.
Education and household decision-making in Spanish mining communities, 1877–1924
Authors: Palacios-Mateo Adrian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I use a unique micro-database of 254,000 individuals distributed in 12 Spanish mining municipalities to explore the households’ decision-making processes regarding their children’s education. This database covers individuals living in municipalities in Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque Country, Huelva, Almería, and Murcia from 1877 to 1924. Focusing on around 42,000 children between eight and 18 years old, the findings show that living standards were a key component of human capital formation. Children in working-class families had considerably lower literacy levels than the offspring of upper- and middle-class families. Moreover, the analysis shows that there was a significantly greater gender gap among mining families working in open-pit mines than among other working-class families or those of underground miners. This difference lowered the wages of open-pit mining families which translated into a higher burden for daughters, hampering their human capital formation.
Contextual Exceptionalism After Death: An Information Ethics Approach to Post-Mortem Privacy in Health Data Research
Authors: Bak Marieke A. R. , Willems Dick L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we use the theory of Information Ethics to argue that deceased people have a prima facie moral right to privacy in the context of health data research, and that this should be reflected in regulation and guidelines. After death, people are no longer biological subjects but continue to exist as informational entities which can still be harmed/damaged. We find that while the instrumental value of recognising post-mortem privacy lies in the preservation of the social contract for health research, its intrinsic value is grounded in respect for the dignity of the post-mortem informational entity. However, existing guidance on post-mortem data protection is available only in the context of genetic studies. In comparing the characteristics of genetic data and other health-related data, we identify two features of DNA often given as arguments for this genetic exceptionalism: relationality and embodiment. We use these concepts to show that at the appropriate Level of Abstraction, there is no morally relevant distinction between posthumous genetic and other health data. Thus, genetic data should not automatically receive special moral status after death. Instead we make a plea for ‘contextual exceptionalism’. Our analysis concludes by reflecting on a real-world case and providing suggestions for contextual factors that researchers and oversight bodies should take into account when designing and evaluating research projects with health data from deceased subjects.