bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of a social vulnerability index for measuring social frailty among East African women
Authors: Prabhu Sandeep , Wanje George , Oyaro Brenda , Otieno Francis , Mandaliya Kishor , Jaoko Walter , McClelland R. Scott , McCormick Wayne , Andrew Melissa K. , Aunon Frances M. , Simoni Jane M. , Graham Susan M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The number of older women living with HIV in Africa is growing, and their health outcomes may be adversely impacted by social frailty, which reflects deficits in social resources that accumulate over the lifespan. Our objective was to adapt a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) originally developed in Canada for use in a study of older women living with or without HIV infection in Mombasa, Kenya.

Methods
We adapted the SVI using a five-step process: formative qualitative work, translation into Kiswahili, a Delphi procedure, exploration of potential SVI items in qualitative work, and a rating and ranking exercise. Four focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted (three with women living with HIV and one with HIV-negative women), and two expert panels were constituted for this process.

Results
Themes that emerged in the qualitative work were physical impairment with aging, decreased family support, a turn to religion and social groups, lack of a financial safety net, mixed support from healthcare providers, and stigma as an added burden for women living with HIV. Based on the formative FGD, the expert panel expanded the original 19-item SVI to include 34 items. The exploratory FGD and rating and ranking exercise led to a final 16-item Kenyan version of the SVI (SVI-Kenya) with six domains: physical safety, support from family, group participation, instrumental support, emotional support, and financial security.

Conclusions
The SVI-Kenya is a holistic index to measure social frailty among older women in Kenya, incorporating questions in multiple domains. Further research is needed to validate this adapted instrument.
The effect of BMI on the mid-term clinical outcomes of mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Yikai , Gao Huanshen , Li Tao , Zhang Zian , Zhang Haining 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the mid-term clinical outcomes and survival in patients receiving a mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 355 patients who underwent UKA from June 2006 to June 2015, with a mean follow-up of 106.5 ± 22.5 months. Patients were assigned into four groups based on their BMI before surgery: normal weight group (BMI 18.5 ~ 22.9 kg/m2), overweight group (23 ~ 24.9 kg/m2), obesity group (25 ~ 29.9 kg/m2), and severe obesity group (≥ 30 kg/m2). The knee society score (KSS), knee society function score (KSFS), hospital for special surgery score (HSS), and range of motion (ROM) were assessed before the operation and at the last follow-up. The femorotibial angle (FTA) was assessed after the operation immediately and at the last follow-up. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed among the four groups.

Results
The KSS, KSFS, and HSS in all groups were markedly improved compared with the preoperative values (p<0.001), but the ROM score was not significantly different (p>0.05). There were significant differences in KSS (p<0.001) and HSS (p = 0.004) across the four BMI groups, and these differences were due to the severe obesity group. All groups exhibited an inclination of knee varus deformity at the last follow-up (p < 0.05). Moreover, no marked difference in the implant survival rate was found among the different groups (p = 0.248), or in the survival curves (p = 0.593).

Conclusions
BMI does not influence the implant survival rate. The postoperative functional and quality-of-life scores were significantly improved in all groups. Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) individuals should not be excluded from UKA.
Female dietary patterns and outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF): a systematic literature review
Authors: Sanderman Elizabeth A. , Willis Sydney K. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Infertility affects up to 15% of couples. In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment has modest success rates and some factors associated with infertility and poor treatment outcomes are not modifiable. Several studies have assessed the association between female dietary patterns, a modifiable factor, and IVF outcomes with conflicting results. We performed a systematic literature review to identify female dietary patterns associated with IVF outcomes, evaluate the body of evidence for potential sources of heterogeneity and methodological challenges, and offer suggestions to minimize heterogeneity and bias in future studies.

Methods
We performed systematic literature searches in EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies with a publication date up to March 2020. We excluded studies limited to women who were overweight or diagnosed with PCOS. We included studies that evaluated the outcome of pregnancy or live birth. We conducted an initial bias assessment using the SIGN 50 Methodology Checklist 3.

Results
We reviewed 3280 titles and/or titles and abstracts. Seven prospective cohort studies investigating nine dietary patterns fit the inclusion criteria. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a ‘profertility’ diet, or a Dutch ‘preconception’ diet was associated with pregnancy or live birth after IVF treatment in at least one study. However, causation cannot be assumed. Studies were potentially hindered by methodological challenges (misclassification of the exposure, left truncation, and lack of comprehensive control for confounding) with an associated risk of bias. Studies of the Mediterranean diet were highly heterogenous in findings, study population, and methods. Remaining dietary patterns have only been examined in single and relatively small studies.

Conclusions
Future studies with rigorous and more uniform methodologies are needed to assess the association between female dietary patterns and IVF outcomes. At the clinical level, findings from this review do not support recommending any single dietary pattern for the purpose of improving pregnancy or live birth rates in women undergoing IVF treatment.
Integrating citizen engagement into evidence-informed health policy-making in eastern Europe and central Asia: scoping study and future research priorities
Authors: Macaulay Bobby , Reinap Marge , Wilson Michael G. , Kuchenmüller Tanja 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The perspectives of citizens are an important and often overlooked source of evidence for informing health policy. Despite growing encouragement for its adoption, little is known regarding how citizen engagement may be integrated into evidence-informed health policy-making in low- and middle-income counties (LMICs) and newly democratic states (NDSs). We aimed to identify the factors and variables affecting the potential integration of citizen engagement into evidence-informed health policy-making in LMICs and NDSs and understand whether its implementation may require a different approach outside of high-income western democracies. Further, we assessed the context-specific considerations for the practical implementation of citizen engagement in one focus region—eastern Europe and central Asia.

Methods
First, adopting a scoping review methodology, we conducted and updated searches of six electronic databases, as well as a comprehensive grey literature search, on citizen engagement in LMICs and NDSs, published before December 2019. We extracted insights about the approaches to citizen engagement, as well as implementation considerations (facilitators and barriers) and additional political factors, in developing an analysis framework. Second, we undertook exploratory methods to identify relevant literature on the socio-political environment of the focus region, before subjecting these sources to the same analysis framework.

Results
Our searches identified 479 unique sources, of which 28 were adjudged to be relevant. The effective integration of citizen engagement within policy-making processes in LMICs and NDSs was found to be predominantly dependent upon the willingness and capacity of citizens and policy-makers. In the focus region, the implementation of citizen engagement within evidence-informed health policy-making is constrained by a lack of mutual trust between citizens and policy-makers. This is exacerbated by inadequate incentives and capacity for either side to engage.

Conclusions
This research found no reason why citizen engagement could not adopt the same form in LMICs and NDSs as it does in high-income western democracies. However, it is recognized that certain political contexts may require additional support in developing and implementing citizen engagement, such as through trialling mechanisms at subnational scales. While specifically outlining the potential for citizen engagement, this study highlights the need for further research on its practical implementation.
Normative data for the self-reported and parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for ages 12–17
Authors: Vugteveen Jorien , de Bildt Annelies , Timmerman Marieke E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is widely used to screen for psychosocial problems among adolescents. As the severity of such problems is known to be related to age and gender, screening could be improved by interpreting SDQ scale scores with age-specific and perhaps gender-specific norms. Up to now, such norms are lacking. The aim of the current study is to present gender-specific and joint normative data per year of age for the Dutch self-reported and parent-reported SDQ versions for use among 12- to 17-year-old adolescents.

Methods
The norm groups for the self-reported and parent-reported SDQ versions consisted of 993 adolescents and 736 parents, respectively, from the general Dutch population. Per SDQ version, both gender-specific norms and joint norms (percentiles and cutoffs) per year of age were calculated through regression-based norming (Rigby in J Roy Stat Soc Ser C 54:507, 2005). Additionally, these norms were compared to the widely used British norms that are neither age-specific nor gender-specific.

Results
By design, gender-specific ‘abnormal’ cutoffs (i.e., cutoffs aimed at identifying max. 10% of the most extremely scoring males and max. 10% of the most extremely scoring females) resulted in about equal percentages of ‘abnormal’ scoring male and female adolescents per SDQ scale. In contrast, joint ‘abnormal’ cutoffs (i.e., cutoffs aimed at identifying max. 10% of the most extremely scoring adolescents) resulted in relatively more male (7.6 to 13.6%, depending on age) than female (3.3 to 8.9%, depending on age) adolescents as scoring ‘abnormal’ on scales measuring externalizing behavior (self-reported and parent-reported SDQ versions), and relatively more female (3.9 to 14.3%, depending on age) than male (1.8 to 6.9%, depending on age) adolescents as scoring ‘abnormal’ on scales measuring internalizing behavior (self-reported SDQ version). In both types of norms, minor age effects were present. Among Dutch adolescents, the British norms yielded detection rates much lower than the expected 10%.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that detection rates depend on the reference group that is used (British or Dutch general adolescent population; specific gender group or not). The normative data in this paper facilitate the comparison of an adolescent’s scores to different reference groups, and allow for cross-country/cultural comparisons of adolescents’ psychosocial behavior.
Comparison and evaluation of statistical error models for scRNA-seq
Authors: Choudhary Saket , Satija Rahul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneity in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data is driven by multiple sources, including biological variation in cellular state as well as technical variation introduced during experimental processing. Deconvolving these effects is a key challenge for preprocessing workflows. Recent work has demonstrated the importance and utility of count models for scRNA-seq analysis, but there is a lack of consensus on which statistical distributions and parameter settings are appropriate.ResultsHere, we analyze 59 scRNA-seq datasets that span a wide range of technologies, systems, and sequencing depths in order to evaluate the performance of different error models. We find that while a Poisson error model appears appropriate for sparse datasets, we observe clear evidence of overdispersion for genes with sufficient sequencing depth in all biological systems, necessitating the use of a negative binomial model. Moreover, we find that the degree of overdispersion varies widely across datasets, systems, and gene abundances, and argues for a data-driven approach for parameter estimation.ConclusionsBased on these analyses, we provide a set of recommendations for modeling variation in scRNA-seq data, particularly when using generalized linear models or likelihood-based approaches for preprocessing and downstream analysis.
Sida acuta leaf extract attenuates oxidants-induced animal model of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity
Authors: Ogunmoyole Temidayo , Falusi Onaopemiposi Olufunke , Oderinde Funmilayo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurative potential ofSida acutaBurm. f. (Malvaceae) leaves on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and rifampicin was studied. This was aimed at providing a potent therapeutic alternative to conventional drugs in the management of liver and kidney diseases.MethodologyCarbon tetrachloride (3 ml/kg bw) and rifampicn (250 mg/kg bw) were administered to induce liver and kidney damage in selected groups of albino rats. Graded doses ofSida acutaleaves extract as well as silymarin (200 mg/kg bw) were then post-administered to experimental animals placed into eight groups of five animals each. Biomarkers of oxidative stress such as lipid profile, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malonidialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Histopathological observations of both renal and hepatic tissues of experimental animals were also performed.ResultsAnimals exposed to CCl4and rifampicin without treatment exhibited significant derangement in lipid profile, elevated levels of ALT, ALT, ALP, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and MDA in the serum and tissues homogenates. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly inhibited while level of GSH was depleted. Following treatment withS. acutaextract, all deranged parameters including histological alterations were restored in a dose-dependent manner comparable to animals treated with silymarin.ConclusionBiochemical and histopathological data obtained from the present study confirmed thatSida acutais a potential antioxidant plant that can be exploited in the management of liver and kidney dysfunctions.
Bioreactor level optimization of chromium(VI) reduction through Pseudomonas putida APRRJVITS11 and sustainable remediation of pathogenic DNA in water
Authors: John Rinaldo , Rajan Anand Prem 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Bioremediation is one of the indispensable features of Pseudomonas putida. The use of Pseudomonas has been proved to be an effective treatment of tannery released chromium (VI). The current study is the first attempt for the optimization of chromate reduction by Pseudomonas putida strain APRRJVITS11 in an optimized bench-scale bioreactor with successful thermo-pressure elimination of the strain thereby eliminating the health risk caused by antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs).

Results
The growth media, modified with optimized 1.0% nitrogen, 0.5% yeast extract and 0.3% sodium, showed enhanced bacterial growth for 72 h of incubation. The optimization of aeration (1.0 vvm) and agitation (150 rpm) rates enhanced the chromate reduction by about 40% at 72 h fermentation. Thermo-pressure pathogenic DNA degradation was achieved at 90 °C and 5868 Pa for 10 min.

Conclusions
Successful chromium reduction and total elimination of ARGs from effluent. A two-step treatment train was proposed for chromium reduction in the environment, which should be incorporated by the existing leather industries running on conventional treatment units.

Graphical Abstract
Wealth, Race, and Place: How Neighborhood (Dis)advantage From Emerging to Middle Adulthood Affects Wealth Inequality and the Racial Wealth Gap
Authors: Levy Brian L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDo neighborhood conditions affect wealth accumulation? This study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort and a counterfactual estimation strategy to analyze the effect of prolonged exposure to neighborhood (dis)advantage from emerging adulthood through middle adulthood. Neighborhoods have sizable, plausibly causal effects on wealth, but these effects vary significantly by race/ethnicity and homeownership. White homeowners receive the largest payoff to reductions in neighborhood disadvantage. Black adults, regardless of homeownership, are doubly disadvantaged in the neighborhood–wealth relationship. They live in more-disadvantaged neighborhoods and receive little return to reductions in neighborhood disadvantage. Findings indicate that disparities in neighborhood (dis)advantage figure prominently in wealth inequality and the racial wealth gap.
Orthopaedics and Additive Manufacturing: The Start of a New Era
Authors: Gandapur Hisham Khan , Amin M. Suhail 
Published: January 2022

The aim of this article is to report the recent surge in use of additive manufacturing (AM) or three-dimensional printing (3DP) services in healthcare, especially the field of orthopaedics. Pakistan’s healthcare infrastructure has been slow in adapting and implementing this new technology which is an integral part of the industry 4.0. Various sources including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Google were utilised from June to august 2021 to extract articles and information on advantages of AM in orthopaedics. Furthermore, its possible acquisition by a hospital, educational or an industrial setup is also highlighted in this review.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5182
How to cite this:Gandapur HK, Amin MS. Orthopaedics and Additive Manufacturing: The Start of a New Era. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.5182
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Przeszczep mikrobioty kałowej - analiza doniesień naukowych, rola pielęgniarki
Authors: Nowak Emilia , Widłak Karolina , Pawłowski Piotr , Ziętara Karolina , Orzechowska Aleksadra , Kościołek Aneta , Adamska-Kuźmicka Iwona 
Published: January 2022

Wprowadzenie i cel: Przedstawienie tematyki przeszczepu mikrobioty kałowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli pielęgniarki.
Metody przeglądu: Przeprowadzono niestystematyczny przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczącego tematyki przeszczepu mikroflory jelitowej w dostępnych bazach danych: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar, EBSCO, ARIANTA, pod względem następujących słów kluczowych: mikrobiota, przeszczep mikrobioty jelitowej, Clostridium difficile, rzekomobłoniaste zapalenie jelit, choroba zapalna jelit. Zakwalifikowano 21 prac o charakterze prac oryginalnych i przeglądowych: 6 w języku polskim oraz 15 w języku angielskim.
Opis stanu wiedzy: Przeszczep mikrobioty kałowej (FTM) polega na wprowadzeniu do organizmu chorego biorcy zawiesiny kałowej pochodzącej od zdrowego dawcy. Wskaźnik sukcesu terapeutycznego zależny jest od głównej jednostki chorobowej, odpowiedniego doboru dawcy zawiesiny kałowej. Osoba ta powinna zostać dokładnie przebadana pod kątem obecności licznych patogenów, oznaczenia ich rodzaju oraz określenia ich jakości. FMT zaleca się w przypadkach, gdy farmakoterapia przestaje być efektywna, jest także zabiegiem wspomagającym w leczeniu wielu chorób przebiegających z dysbiozą. Podsumowanie Przeszczep mikrobioty kałowej jest wskazany w ciężkim przebiegu rzekomobłoniastego zapalenia jelit w przypadku zakażenia Clostridium difficile. W fazie eksperymentalnej są nowe wskazania wykorzystania FTM np. choroba Parkinsona, choroba Alzheimera, jednak jest on przeciwwskazany w zespole jelita drażliwego. Rola pielęgniarki ogranicza się do przygotowania pacjenta, asystowania podczas zabiegu, opieki pozabiegowe oraz edukacji chorego.
Preferencia por los colores en universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo Betancur Luis Fernando 
Published: January 2022

El color es significativo en la percepción de las personas, ya que con base en ella se pueden tomar decisiones referentes a la aceptación de productos, alimentos, ambientes, emociones, entre múltiples factores. El objetivo de la presente investigación es caracterizar la aceptación de los colores por parte de estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, con el fin de ser referente en múltiples aplicaciones cotidianas. Para ello, se utilizó análisis factorial de correspondencia múltiple, análisis del factor y distribución de frecuencias, la información se recopiló mediante muestreo no aleatorio por medio de una encuesta en la escala de Likert. Como resultado destacado se detectó diferencia significativa (p<0,05) entre los sexos referentes a los colores: amarillo, negro, morado y rosado, el color más preferido fue el negro y el de menor aceptación por parte de los indagados fue el color café. Se concluye que el color rojo es asociado con la sangre, el amarillo con el astro sol, el azul con el cielo, el blanco con la paz, el negro con la elegancia y el verde con la naturaleza.
Representación de minorías e Instagram: análisis del espacio digital de protesta del Procés
Authors: Acevedo Javier 
Published: January 2022

En los últimos años las redes sociales como Instagram se han erigido en espacios que prolongan la acción de protestas y manifestaciones trasladándolas a la interfaz de la red social. La protesta se ha movilizado de espacios reales y concretos a lo que autores como Zappavigna han denominado espacios digitales de protesta. Estudiar cómo se construyen estos espacios digitales de protesta a partir de un análisis de contenido cualitativo de las imágenes posteadas por usuarios de redes sociales revela la representación de minorías y sus formas de manifestación digital. Este trabajo parte del análisis de los encuadres adoptados por los usuarios en el momento de tomar y subir la imagen a Instagram, y del análisis de la intersubjetividad presente en la composición de la imagen para proponer una serie de conclusiones que definan cómo se relacionan los usuarios y cómo interactúan con la protesta a través de formas de activismo audiovisual. En ese sentido, el imaginario colectivo se cimienta en una serie de iconos simbólicos que se definirán para terminar de desvelar el entramado de recursos visuales que ayudan a comprender la forma de relacionarse y construir una memoria digital de la protesta. El objetivo final es proporcionar un método básico de análisis y reflexionar sobre la integración de estas narrativas minoritarias en una posible cobertura periodística.