bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak solutions to the time-fractional g-Bénard equations
Authors: Aayadi Khadija , Akhlil Khalid , Ben Aadi Sultana , Mahdioui Hicham 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Bénard problem consists in a system that couples the well-known Navier–Stokes equations and an advection-diffusion equation. In thin varying domains this leads to the g-Bénard problem, which turns out to be the classical Bénard problem when g is constant. The main goal of this paper is to, first of all, introduce the g-Bénard problem with time-fractional derivative of order $\alpha \in (0,1)$
α
∈
(
0
,
1
)
. This formulation is new even in the classical Bénard problem, that is with constant g. The second goal of this paper is to prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution by means of the Faedo–Galerkin approximation method. Some recent works on time-fractional Navier–Stokes equations have opened new perspectives in studying variational aspects in problems involving time-fractional derivatives.
Necrotizing pancreatitis complicated by retroperitoneal emphysema: two case reports
Authors: Chida Kohei , Ishido Keinosuke , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Kimura Norihisa , Morohashi Hajime , Miura Takuya , Wakiya Taiichi , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Nagase Hayato , Ichinohe Daichi , Suto Akiko , Kuwata Daisuke , Ichisawa Aika , Nakamura Akie , Kasai Daiki , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Emphysematous pancreatitis is acute pancreatitis associated with emphysema based on imaging studies and has been considered a subtype of necrotizing pancreatitis. Although some recent studies have reported the successful use of conservative treatment, it is still considered a serious condition. Computed tomography (CT) scan is useful in identifying emphysema associated with acute pancreatitis; however, whether the presence of emphysema correlates with the severity of pancreatitis remains controversial. In this study, we managed two cases of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with retroperitoneal emphysema successfully by treatment with lavage and drainage.

Case presentation
Case 1: A 76-year-old man was referred to our hospital after being diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. At post-admission, his abdominal symptoms worsened, and a repeat CT scan revealed increased retroperitoneal gas. Due to the high risk for gastrointestinal tract perforation, emergent laparotomy was performed. Fat necrosis was observed on the anterior surface of the pancreas, and a diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis with retroperitoneal emphysema was made. Thus, retroperitoneal drainage was performed. Case 2: A 50-year-old woman developed anaphylactic shock during the induction of general anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery, and peritoneal irritation symptoms and hypotension occurred on the same day. Contrast-enhanced CT scan showed necrotic changes in the pancreatic body and emphysema surrounding the pancreas. Therefore, she was diagnosed with acute necrotizing pancreatitis with retroperitoneal emphysema, and retroperitoneal cavity lavage and drainage were performed. In the second case, the intraperitoneal abscess occurred postoperatively, requiring time for drainage treatment. Both patients showed no significant postoperative course problems and were discharged on postoperative days 18 and 108, respectively.

Conclusion
Acute pancreatitis with emphysema from the acute phase highly indicates severe necrotizing pancreatitis. Surgical drainage should be chosen without hesitation in necrotizing pancreatitis with emphysema from early onset.
Pericardiotomy under clamshell approach for large posterior mediastinal sarcoma: a case report
Authors: Shimizu Nahoko , Tanaka Yugo , Kuroda Sanae , Inoue Takeshi , Maniwa Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Large mediastinal tumors are sometimes difficult to completely resect because they are surrounded by vital organs. We present the case of mediastinal liposarcoma successfully resected by the clamshell approach with a posterior pericardial wall incision.

Case presentation
An 81-year-old man visited the hospital because of a prolonged cough. Imaging studies revealed a large tumor of the left posterior mediastinum. The tumor surrounded the left inferior pulmonary vein and was suspected of invading the left lower lobe and esophagus. Complete resection of a large mediastinal tumor invading the left inferior pulmonary vein and esophagus was achieved by adding a posterior pericardial wall incision to the clamshell approach under cardiopulmonary bypass. Histopathological diagnosis was well-differentiated liposarcoma. Postoperative course was good, and the patient is alive without any sign of recurrence for 53 months.

Conclusions
This approach could represent a novel method to safely and effectively remove large mediastinal tumors invading the lung and esophagus.
Enhancing noise sources in stationary-phase zones for accurate phase-velocity estimation of high-frequency surface waves
Authors: Liu Ya , Xia Jianghai , Xi Chaoqiang , Zhang Hao , Guan Bo , Dai Tianyu , Ning Ling 
Published: September 2022

Passive surface-wave methods are appealing tools for their ability to noninvasively obtain shear-wave velocity with high accuracy and low costs. A linear array of stations is widely adopted in urban areas for its convenient deployments and efficient utilization of ambient noise energy from stationary-phase zones (SPZs), which contributes the most to surface-wave retrieval. However, noise sources in nonstationary-phase zones may threaten the reliability of velocity estimation when they possess strong energy. To obtain reliable phase-velocity estimation of high-frequency surface waves (>1 Hz), we enhance the contribution of noise sources in SPZs by using the multichannel-coherency-weighted stack (MCWS) method for the stacking of noise crosscorrelation functions and dispersion spectra. We model a nonuniform source distribution with strong offline sources. The seismic interferometry (SI) and passive multichannel analysis of surface waves (PMASW) methods overestimate velocities at lower frequencies (<5 Hz), whereas phase velocities of short wavelengths are relatively accurate. The true velocities of short wavelengths are then set as the velocity scanning range for MCWS, and the waves whose apparent velocities lie within the scanning range would be emphasized by MCWS. Noise sources in SPZs are enhanced because the apparent velocities of waves from other noise sources are higher and not in the scanning range. After using MCWS, the phase-velocity estimations of SI and PMASW are consistent with the theoretical dispersion curve. A field data example at a crossroads demonstrates that uneven source distributions might cause serious artifacts and the feasibility of our method is again confirmed. In addition, the enhancement of noise sources in SPZs is verified through noise source distribution imaging by a matched field processing technique.
Associations of Symptom Clusters and Health Outcomes in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Shin Hyewon , Dudley William N. , Bhakta Nickhill , Horan Madeline R. , Wang Zhaoming , Bartlett T. Robin , Srivastava Deokumar , Yasui Yutaka , Baker Justin N. , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. , Krull Kevin R. , Hudson Melissa M. , Huang I-Chan 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE To identify symptom clusters among adult survivors of childhood cancers and test associations with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical and neurocognitive performance. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 3,085 survivors (mean age at evaluation 31.9 ± 8.3 years; mean years from diagnosis 28.1 ± 9.1) participating in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Survivors self-reported the presence of 37 symptoms capturing 10 domains (cardiac, pulmonary, sensory, motor/movement, nausea, pain, fatigue, memory, anxiety, and depression). The Short Form-36's Physical/Mental Component Summaries assessed HRQOL; the Physical Performance Test evaluated physical performance; and neurocognitive batteries tested attention, processing/psychomotor speed, memory, and executive function. Latent class analysis identified subgroups of survivors experiencing different patterns of symptom burden (ie, symptom clusters). Multivariable regression models identified risk of cluster membership and tested associations with health outcomes. RESULTS Four symptom clusters were identified including cluster 1 (prevalence 52.4%; low physical, somatization, and psychologic domains), cluster 2 (16.1%; low physical, moderate somatic, and high psychologic domains), cluster 3 (17.6%; high physical, moderate somatic, and low psychologic domains), and cluster 4 (13.9%; high in all three domains). Compared with cluster 1, survivors in cluster 4 were more likely to have less than high school education (odds ratio [OR], 7.71; 95% CI, 4.46 to 13.31), no insurance (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.13), and exposure to corticosteroids (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.03); survivors in cluster 3 were more likely to have received platinum agents (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.68) and brain radiation ≥ 30 Gy (OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 2.33 to 6.86). Survivors in cluster 4 reported the poorest Physical Component Summary/Mental Component Summary scores (31.0/26.7) and physical and neurocognitive performance versus survivors in the other clusters ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Nearly 50% of survivors had moderate to high multisymptom burden, which was associated with sociodemographic, treatment factors, HRQOL, and functional outcomes.
Combination Dabrafenib and Trametinib Versus Combination Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for Patients With Advanced BRAF-Mutant Melanoma: The DREAMseq Trial—ECOG-ACRIN EA6134
Authors: Atkins Michael B. , Lee Sandra J. , Chmielowski Bartosz , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Cohen Gary I. , Truong Thach-Giao , Moon Helen H. , Davar Diwakar , O'Rourke Mark , Stephenson Joseph J. , Curti Brendan D. , Urba Walter J. , Brell Joanna M. , Funchain Pauline , Kendra Kari L. , Ikeguchi Alexandra P. , Jaslowski Anthony , Bane Charles L. , Taylor Mark A. , Bajaj Madhuri , Conry Robert M. , Ellis Robert J. , Logan Theodore F. , Laudi Noel , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Crockett David G. , Pecora Andrew L. , Okazaki Ian J. , Reganti Sowjanya , Chandra Sunandana , Guild Samantha , Chen Helen X. , Streicher Howard Z. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Ribas Antoni , Kirkwood John M. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE Combination programmed cell death protein 1/cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4–blockade and dual BRAF/MEK inhibition have each shown significant clinical benefit in patients with BRAFV600-mutant metastatic melanoma, leading to broad regulatory approval. Little prospective data exist to guide the choice of either initial therapy or treatment sequence in this population. This study was conducted to determine which initial treatment or treatment sequence produced the best efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase III trial, patients with treatment-naive BRAFV600-mutant metastatic melanoma were randomly assigned to receive either combination nivolumab/ipilimumab (arm A) or dabrafenib/trametinib (arm B) in step 1, and at disease progression were enrolled in step 2 to receive the alternate therapy, dabrafenib/trametinib (arm C) or nivolumab/ipilimumab (arm D). The primary end point was 2-year overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were 3-year OS, objective response rate, response duration, progression-free survival, crossover feasibility, and safety. RESULTS A total of 265 patients were enrolled, with 73 going onto step 2 (27 in arm C and 46 in arm D). The study was stopped early by the independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee because of a clinically significant end point being achieved. The 2-year OS for those starting on arm A was 71.8% (95% CI, 62.5 to 79.1) and arm B 51.5% (95% CI, 41.7 to 60.4; log-rank P = .010). Step 1 progression-free survival favored arm A ( P = .054). Objective response rates were arm A: 46.0%; arm B: 43.0%; arm C: 47.8%; and arm D: 29.6%. Median duration of response was not reached for arm A and 12.7 months for arm B ( P < .001). Crossover occurred in 52% of patients with documented disease progression. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities occurred with similar frequency between arms, and regimen toxicity profiles were as anticipated. CONCLUSION Combination nivolumab/ipilimumab followed by BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy, if necessary, should be the preferred treatment sequence for a large majority of patients.
Assessing Patient-Reported Financial Hardship in Patients With Cancer in Routine Clinical Care
Authors: Voleti Sandeep S. , Warsame Rahma , Mead-Harvey Carolyn , Ailawadhi Sikander , Jain Atul , Fonseca Rafael , Griffin Joan M. , Khera Nandita 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE: Financial hardship (FH) in cancer care is a growing challenge for patients, their caregivers, and health care providers with impact on morbidity and mortality. In this study, we report on a standardized approach to describe the prevalence and predictors for FH as part of routine clinical workflow. We also report on the association of FH with survival in our cancer patient population. METHODS: This study includes patients who completed a FH screen at least once between 2018 and 2020. Demographics, disease state, and mortality data were extracted from the medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine association of sociodemographic and disease variables with FH. By using propensity score weighting to account for differences in demographic and clinical factors between patients with and without FH, we then fit Cox proportional hazards models to examine the relationship between FH and survival. RESULTS: The study cohort included 31,154 patients. FH was reported by 14% (n = 4,250) of the patients. A significantly higher likelihood of having FH ( P < .001 for all) was reported by racial/ethnic minority patients; those who were unemployed/disabled, single, or divorced; patients from disadvantaged neighborhoods; and those who were self-pay or had government insurance. Older age, being retired, and living farther from the cancer center were associated with significantly less likelihood of endorsing FH. Patients who endorsed FH had a lower survival (hazard ratio for mortality 1.46). CONCLUSION: Our study identified key groups more likely to report FH in a relatively affluent population at a large cancer center and showed an adverse association between FH and survival. Further research is needed to develop clinical care pathways for patients at high risk for worse financial and clinical outcomes.
Robustness of helical edge states under edge reconstruction
Authors: John Niels , Del Maestro Adrian , Rosenow Bernd 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The helical edge states of time-reversal invariant two-dimensional topological insulators are protected against backscattering in idealized models. In more realistic scenarios with a shallow confining potential at the sample boundary, additional strongly interacting edge states may arise, that could interfere with the topological protection of edge conduction. We find that interaction effects within the reconstructed edges are well described by the Luttinger liquid model. While interactions between this Luttinger liquid and the helical edge states can in principle give rise to dynamical spin polarization and the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, we demonstrate that random spin-orbit coupling strongly suppresses such dynamical spin polarization, resulting in the persistence of near quantized edge conduction.
Viola Liuzzo / Heather Heyer: Mediating the Antiracist White Female Martyr
Authors: Bodroghkozy Aniko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Both the Martin Luther King Jr.–led Selma voting rights campaign of 1965 and the 2017 “Summer of Hate” in Charlottesville produced a white female martyr. Viola Liuzzo was murdered by KKK members at the end of the Selma-to-Montgomery march that culminated the Selma campaign. Heather Heyer was murdered in a terrorist car attack by a neo-Nazi at the end of the suspended “Unite the Right” rally. Both women were hailed in the press as heroes. Both were misogynistically attacked in white supremacist media—in ways that were almost identical. How can we understand the media representation of white women as racial justice activists and the ways white supremacists understand them in their media platforms? What about the media treatment of African American women activists in Selma and Charlottesville? What's changed, and what hasn't, in fifty years? What can this comparative case study suggest about how the media tends to portray white women and women of color in other social change movements?
A Problem of Fit: Athina Rachel Tsangari and Greek “Weird Wave” Cinema
Authors: Palis Eleni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article uses Athina Rachel Tsangari's films to interrogate and reframe the Greek “Weird Wave” film movement (largely shaped by her frequent collaborator, Yorgos Lanthimos), revealing how the wave has obscured Tsangari's feminist authorship. In general, the Weird Wave had described a cohort of films beginning around 2009 in which familial dysfunction, violence, ineffectual communication, and corporeal “weirdness” allegorize Greek political, economic, and social crises. In a kind of temporal jumble, Tsangari's first film Fit (Greece, 1994) provides instructions for reading her later, supposedly Weird Wave films. The conceptual capaciousness of the term fit, as both a film title and a concept, refracts across Tsangari's films and career at large. This article exploits wordplay around fit as a technical standard of sound and image cohesion (how image and sound fit together), as a thematic narrative preoccupation regarding space, place, and belonging (fitting in), and as a categorizing metric (fit for inclusion). Reading diegetic and extradiegetic fit in Tsangari's film and television works, including Attenberg (Greece, 2010), The Capsule (Greece, 2012), the short 24 Frames per Century (Italy, 2013), Chevalier (Greece, 2015), and Trigonometry (BBC, 2020), reveals Tsangari's authorial signature and how Tsangari's films ambivalently benefit from “wave” marketing even as their reception bears out the costs of that uncomfortable fit. Paradoxically, Tsangari's auteur signature emerges in her struggle against category, especially Weird Wave and “women's cinema” labels. In diegetic and extradiegetic negotiations of belonging, Tsangari's auteurism emerges.
Retrovirus-derived RTL5 and RTL6 genes are novel constituents of the innate immune system in the eutherian brain
Authors: Irie Masahito , Itoh Johbu , Matsuzawa Ayumi , Ikawa Masahito , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Kihara Miho , Suzuki Toru , Hiraoka Yuichi , Ishino Fumitoshi , Kaneko-Ishino Tomoko 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Retrotransposon Gag-like 5 [RTL5, also known as sushi-ichi-related retrotransposon homolog 8 (SIRH8)] and RTL6 (also known as SIRH3) are eutherian-specific genes presumably derived from a retrovirus and phylogenetically related to each other. They, respectively, encode a strongly acidic and extremely basic protein, and are well conserved among the eutherians. Here, we report that RTL5 and RTL6 are microglial genes with roles in the front line of innate brain immune response. Venus and mCherry knock-in mice exhibited expression of RTL5-mCherry and RTL6-Venus fusion proteins in microglia and appeared as extracellular dots and granules in the central nervous system. These proteins display a rapid response to pathogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), double-stranded (ds) RNA analog and non-methylated CpG DNA, acting both cooperatively and/or independently. Experiments using Rtl6 or Rtl5 knockout mice provided additional evidence that RTL6 and RTL5 act as factors against LPS and dsRNA, respectively, in the brain, providing the first demonstration that retrovirus-derived genes play a role in the eutherian innate immune system. Finally, we propose a model emphasizing the importance of extra-embryonic tissues as the origin site of retrovirus-derived genes.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Otorhinolaryngological presentations of mucormycosis amid COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Wahid Fazali , Saleem Muhammad , Rehman Habib-ur- , Din Israr ud 
Published: September 2022

Objective: To describe presentations, comorbidities, investigations, and surgical treatment of patients with mucormycosis amid the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the department of ENT, and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Teaching Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021. All the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. Patients with COVID-19 were diagnosed based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After diagnosing mucormycosis computed tomography (CT) scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed for subsequent surgical clearance. After taking informed consent demographic data were collected on a proforma and analyzed using SPPS version 25.
Results: Out of 23 patients males were 14(60.9%), females were 9 (39.1%) with a male: female ratio of 1.5:1. Mean ± SD age was 51.26 ± 1.41 years. Nasal obstruction and headache were the most common (8, 34.8%) presentations. The commonest co-morbidities were hypertension with diabetes mellitus (8, 34.8%). Out of 23 patients, 16(69.6%) had COVID-19 PCR positive. The majority of patients (17, 73.9%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19. Most of the patients (9, 39.1%) had HbA1c levels of 7% to 8.9%. The commonest surgery was endoscopic debridement of paranasal sinuses (9, 39.1%), while the commonest CT scan finding was a heterogeneous lesion involving the nose, maxillary and ethmoid sinuses (12, 52.2%).
Conclusion: Mucormycosis of paranasal sinuses with/or without intracranial extension is frequently seen in unvaccinated patients having uncontrolled diabetes and COVID-19 infection.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6431
How to cite this:Fazal-I-Wahid, Saleem M, Habib-ur-Rehman, Israr ud Din. Otorhinolaryngological presentations of mucormycosis amid COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6431
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.