bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reanimating the strangled rivers of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Brierley Gary J. , Hikuroa Daniel , Fuller Ian C. , Tunnicliffe Jon , Allen Kristiann , Brasington James , Friedrich Heide , Hoyle Jo , Measures Richard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContemporary management practices have artificially confined (strangled) river systems in Aotearoa New Zealand to support intensified land use in riparian areas. These practices work against nature, diminishing the functionality and biodiversity values of living rivers, and associated socio‐cultural relations with rivers. River confinement can accentuate flood risk by promoting development in vulnerable locations and limiting the flexibility to adapt to changing climate, prospectively accentuating future disasters. To date, uptake of space‐to‐move management interventions that seek to address such shortcomings is yet to happen in Aotearoa New Zealand. This is despite the fact that such practices directly align with Māori (indigenous) conceptualizations of rivers as indivisible, living entities. Treaty of Waitangi obligations that assert Māori rights alongside colonial rights of a settler society provide an additional driver for uptake of space‐to‐move initiatives. This article outlines a biophysical prioritization framework to support the development and roll out of space‐to‐move interventions in ways that work with the character, behavior, condition, and evolutionary trajectory (recovery potential) of each river system in Aotearoa.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
A One Pass Streaming Algorithm for Finding Euler Tours
Authors: Glazik Christian , Schiemann Jan , Srivastav Anand 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGiven an undirected graphGonnnodes andmedges in the form of a data stream we study the problem of finding an Euler tour inG. Our main result is the first one-pass streaming algorithm computing an Euler tour ofGin the form of an edge successor function with only$\mathcal O(n\log (n))$O(nlog(n))RAM, which is optimal for this setting (e.g. Sun and Woodruff (2015)). Since the output size can be much larger, we use a write-only tape to gradually output the solution. The previously best-known result for finding Euler tours in data streams is implicitly given by the W-stream algorithm of Demetrescu et al. (2010) using$\mathcal O(m/n)$O(m/n)passes under the same RAM limitation. Our approach is to partition the edges into edge-disjoint cycles and to merge the cycles until a single Euler tour is achieved. In the streaming environment such a merging is far from being obvious as the limited RAM allows the processing of only a constant number of cycles at once. This enforces merging of cycles that partially are no longer present in RAM. We solve this problem with a new edge swapping technique, for which storing two certain edges per node is sufficient to merge tours without having all tour edges in RAM. The mathematical key is to model tours and their merging in an algebraic way, where certain equivalence classes represent subtours. This quite general approach might be of interest also in other routing problems.
Habitat factors influencing the breeding birds on animal farms: can modern agricultural infrastructure be good for birds?
Authors: Golawski Artur , Kasprzykowski Zbigniew , Mitrus Cezary , Rzępała Mirosław , Szczypiński Piotr , Kot Henryk 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn large parts of Europe biodiversity in agricultural landscapes has experienced strong declines over the past decades because of land-use change and intensification of cultivation methods, but more recently also due to modernization of villages. One of the aspects of modernization is the arising of large specialized poultry and pig farms. Our study carried out in central and east-central Poland focused on the role of habitats within 101 animal farms in relation to bird species richness and number of pairs. We also compared the density of some bird species on farms and in neighbouring villages to determine the importance of the farm environment for the birds. Species richness increased with the number of buildings, the number of trees and the presence of piles of rubble. The number of pairs increased with the number of trees, and the presence of ponds and piles of rubble. Many-times higher densities on farms than in surrounding villages of several species were noteworthy: Black Redstart, Northern Wheatear, White Wagtail and Crested Lark. Animal farms are an important refuge for several species, including those belonging to drastically declining farmland species. Despite the opinion that the modernization of the villages is having a disastrous effect on the avifauna, the modernization may also have positive aspects for some bird species.
Evaluating the Subjective Orgasm Experience Through Sexual Context, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Muñoz-García Laura Elvira , Gómez-Berrocal Carmen , Sierra Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe subjective orgasm experience (SOE) is the psychological perception of orgasm sensations and closely related to sexual health. Here, SOE was studied through the context in which it is experienced (sexual relationships and solitary masturbation), gender, and sexual orientation. For this purpose, data were collected from 4255 people (1927 men and 2328 women) of different sexual orientations (heterosexual = 1545; bisexual = 1202; and gay = 1508) who completed two versions of the Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS) for both contexts (i.e., sexual relationships and solitary masturbation) along with a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results showed that the ORS in the context of solitary masturbation is an instrument invariant by gender and sexual orientation. Significant differences in SOE were found by context: it was more intense in the context of sexual relationships (vs. solitary masturbation); by gender: women (vs. men) reported greater intensity; and by sexual orientation, with heterosexual people (vs. gay and bisexual people) having a more intense experience.
SMSG: Profiling-Free Parallelism Modeling for Distributed Training of DNN
Authors: Wang Haoran , Tachon Thibaut , Li Chong , Robert Sophie , Limet Sébastien 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increasing size of deep neural networks (DNNs) raises a high demand for distributed training. An expert could find good hybrid parallelism strategies, but designing suitable strategies is time and labor-consuming. Therefore, automating parallelism strategy generation is crucial and desirable for DNN designers. Some automatic searching approaches have recently been studied to free the experts from the heavy parallel strategy conception. However, these approaches all rely on a numerical cost model, which requires heavy profiling results that lack portability. These profiling-based approaches cannot lighten the strategy generation work due to the non-reusable profiling value. Our intuition is that there is no need to estimate the actual execution time of the distributed training but to compare the relative cost of different strategies. We propose SMSG (Symbolic Modeling for Strategy Generation), which analyses the cost based on the communication and computation semantics. With SMSG, the parallel cost analyses are decoupled from hardware characteristics. SMSG defines cost functions for each kind of operator to quantitatively evaluate the amount of data for computation and communication, which eliminates the heavy profiling tasks. Besides, SMSG introduces how to apply functional transformation by using the Third Homomorphism theorem to control the high searching complexity. Our experiments show that SMSG can find good hybrid parallelism strategies to generate an efficient training performance similar to the state of the art. Moreover, SMSG covers a wide variety of DNN models with good scalability. SMSG provides good portability when changing training configurations that a profiling-based approach cannot.
Agriculture in the Ancient Maya Lowlands (Part 1): Paleoethnobotanical Residues and New Perspectives on Plant Management
Authors: Morell-Hart Shanti , Dussol Lydie , Fedick Scott L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe focus on pre-Columbian agricultural regimes in the Maya Lowlands, using new datasets of archaeological wood charcoal, seeds, phytoliths, and starch grains; biological properties of plants; and contemporary Indigenous practices. We address inherited models of agriculture in the lowlands: the limitations of the environment (finding more affordances than anticipated by earlier models); the homogeneity of agricultural strategies (finding more heterogeneity of strategies across the lowlands than a single rigid template); the centrality of maize in agriculture (finding more reliance on root crops and tree crops than historically documented); the focus on the milpa system as food base (finding more agroforestry, homegardening, horticulture, and wild resource management than previously documented); the dominance of swidden strategies in agricultural practices (finding more diverse practices than accounted for in most models); and the foregrounding of maize crop failure in collapse models (finding more evidence of resilience and sustainable agricultural practices than predicted).
Diffusion Imaging of Sport-related Repetitive Head Impacts—A Systematic Review
Authors: Koerte Inga K. , Wiegand Tim L. T. , Bonke Elena M. , Kochsiek Janna , Shenton Martha E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Repetitive head impacts (RHI) are commonly observed in athletes participating in contact sports such as American football, ice hockey, and soccer. RHI usually do not result in acute symptoms and are therefore often referred to as subclinical or “subconcussive” head impacts. Epidemiological studies report an association between exposure to RHI and an increased risk for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has emerged as particularly promising for the detection of subtle alterations in brain microstructure following exposure to sport-related RHI. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of exposure to RHI on brain microstructure using dMRI. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to determine studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria across three databases. Seventeen studies were identified and critically evaluated. Results from these studies suggest an association between white matter alterations and RHI exposure in youth and young adult athletes. The most consistent finding across studies was lower or decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of the directionality of the diffusion of water molecules, associated with greater exposure to sport-related RHI. Whether decreased FA is associated with functional outcome (e.g., cognition) in those exposed to RHI is yet to be determined. This review further identified areas of importance for future research to increase the diagnostic and prognostic value of dMRI in RHI and to improve our understanding of the effects of RHI on brain physiology and microstructure.
Intra-list similarity and human diversity perceptions of recommendations: the details matter
Authors: Jesse Mathias , Bauer Christine , Jannach Dietmar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe diversity of the generated item suggestions can be an important quality factor of a recommender system. In offline experiments, diversity is commonly assessed with the help of the intra-list similarity (ILS) measure, which is defined as the average pairwise similarity of the items in a list. The similarity of each pair of items is often determined based on domain-specific meta-data, e.g., movie genres. While this approach is common in the literature, it in most cases remains open if a particular implementation of the ILS measure is actually a valid proxy for the human diversity perception in a given application. With this work, we address this research gap and investigate the correlation of different ILS implementations with human perceptions in the domains of movie and recipe recommendation. We conducted several user studies involving over 500 participants. Our results indicate that the particularities of the ILS metric implementation matter. While we found that the ILS metric can be a good proxy for human perceptions, it turns out that it is important to individually validate the used ILS metric implementation for a given application. On a more general level, our work points to a certain level of oversimplification in recommender systems research when it comes to the design of computational proxies for human quality perceptions and thus calls for more research regarding the validation of the corresponding metrics.
Measuring Structural Racism and Its Association with Racial Disparities in Firearm Homicide
Authors: Siegel Michael , Rieders Madeline , Rieders Hannah , Moumneh Jinan , Asfour Julia , Oh Jinseo , Oh Seungjin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Structural racism is strongly related to racial health disparities. However, surprisingly few studies have developed empirical tools to measure structural racism. In addition, the few measures that have been employed have only considered structural racism at the neighborhood level. To expand upon previous studies, this paper uses a novel measure to measure structural racism at the county level for the non-Hispanic Black population.

Methods
We used confirmatory factor analysis to create a model to measure the latent construct of structural racism for 1181 US counties. The model included five indicators across five dimensions: racial segregation, incarceration, educational attainment, employment, and economic status/wealth. Structural equation modeling and factor analysis were used to generate factor scores that weighted the indicators in order to produce the best model fit. The resulting factor scores represented the level of structural racism in each county. We demonstrated the utility of this measure by demonstrating its strong correlation with Black-White disparities in firearm homicide rates.

Results
Our calculations revealed striking geographic differences across counties in the magnitude of structural racism, with the highest values generally being observed in the Midwest and Northeast. Structural racism was significantly associated with higher Black firearm homicide rates, lower White homicide rates, and a higher Black-White racial disparity in firearm homicide.

Conclusions
These new measures can be utilized by researchers to relate structural racism to racial health disparities at the county level.
An assessment of subject-comprehension and subject-command attained through digital learning platforms
Authors: Shahid Nazish 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA synthesized investigation, employing graphical and analytical approach, has been conducted to examine inadequacy of electronic education and limitations posed by transformative mode of learning from students’ perspective. Moreover, the breadth of subject understanding through digital mode and students’ preference for physical or electronic mode of learning in the future were examined. A descriptive analysis was executed through R programming for the obtained numeric-characteristic statistics. For computational analysis of the data to determine proportion of deteriorating virtual-assessment performance attributed to conditioned subject-command, a machine learning approach of interaction-regression is adopted. It is implied through the obtained results that a majority of students felt discontented at not being able to achieve optimized learning outcomes post-virtual-attendance of study programs. It is also concluded that blended influence of online learning and partial subject-command resulted in insufficient assessment performance. Additionally, the current study highlights the importance of need-based adaptations to facilitate automated mode of learning and virtual platforms’ uniform access to students.
Euthanasia for the Elderly: Multiple Geriatric Syndromes and Unbearable Suffering According to Dutch Euthanasia Review Committees
Authors: Buijsen Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The public debate on voluntary termination of life by elderly people, which has been an intensely controversial subject in the Netherlands for some time, has centered around the issue of “completed life” in recent years. In 2016, an ad hoc governmental advisory committee concluded that the already existing Euthanasia Act provided sufficient scope to resolve most of the problems related to the issue. Most of the older adults who feel they no longer have anything to look forward to in their lives and who have developed a wish to die as a result would be able to invoke this Act. Partly for this reason, the committee considered broadening the legal options relating to assisted suicide undesirable. Analysis of the assessment practice of the regional euthanasia review committees reveals that the room for interpretation offered by the Euthanasia Act is indeed considerable.
Top Research Priorities in Prehospital Care in Spain
Authors: Castro Delgado Rafael , Alvarez Gonzalez Kimberly , Cernuda Martinez Jose Antonio , Cuartas Alvarez Tatiana , Arcos Gonzalez Pedro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjective:The objective is to identify research priorities in prehospital care in Spain.Method:This was a Delphi-type study of three rounds with a panel of experts made up of members of the Red de Investigación en Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER; Prehospital Emergency Research Network) Network and the Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES; Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine) Emergency Secretariat. In the first round, each participant identified up to 15 priorities. In the second round, they scored the 30 thematic areas on a Likert scale. In the third round, they ordered and scored from one to ten the first ten priorities among those that obtained a median greater than or equal to four in the second round. After adding the assigned scores, the ten priorities with the highest total score were obtained.Results:The ten identified research priorities were: special clinical codes and time-dependent conditions; mass-casualty incident (MCI) coordination and management; innovation in Emergency Medical Services (EMS); human factor in decision making; triage, analysis, and management of calls in the Emergency Call Center; new technologies, telemedicine, and emergencies; adverse events, clinical safety, and quality in emergencies; cardiac arrest; continuous education and training (methodology, quality, and evaluation); and big data and emergencies.Conclusions:The research priorities perceived by emergency professionals are related to clinical care and organizational aspects of EMS, in addition to the need to incorporate innovative aspects and new data analysis technologies.
Magnetic Field Conditions Upstream of Ganymede
Authors: Vogt Marissa F. , Bagenal Fran , Bolton Scott J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJupiter's magnetic field is tilted by ∼10° with respect to the planet's spin axis, and as a result the Jovian plasma sheet passes over the Galilean satellites at the jovigraphic equator twice per planetary rotation period. The plasma and magnetic field conditions near Ganymede's magnetosphere therefore change dramatically every ∼5 hr, creating a unique magnetosphere‐magnetosphere interaction, and on longer time scales as evidenced by orbit‐to‐orbit variations. In this paper, we summarize the typical magnetic field conditions and their variability near Ganymede's orbit as observed by the Galileo and Juno spacecraft. We fit Juno data from orbit 34, which included the spacecraft's close Ganymede flyby in June 2021, to a current sheet model and show that the magnetospheric conditions during orbit 34 were very close to the historical average. Our results allow us to infer the upstream conditions at the time of the Juno Ganymede flyby.
Properties and Acceleration Mechanisms of Electrons Up To 200 keV Associated With a Flux Rope Pair and Reconnection X‐Lines Around It in Earth's Plasma Sheet
Authors: Sun Weijie , Turner Drew L. , Zhang Qile , Wang Shan , Egedal Jan , Leonard Trevor , Slavin James A. , Hu Qiang , Cohen Ian J. , Genestreti Kevin , Poh Gangkai , Gershman Daniel J. , Smith Andrew , Le Guan , Nakamura Rumi , Giles Barbara L. , Ergun Robert E. , Burch James L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe properties and acceleration mechanisms of electrons (<200 keV) associated with a pair of tailward traveling flux ropes and accompanied reconnection X‐lines in Earth's plasma sheet are investigated with MMS measurements. Energetic electrons are enhanced on both boundaries and core of the flux ropes. The power‐law spectra of energetic electrons near the X‐lines and in flux ropes are harder than those on flux rope boundaries. Theoretical calculations show that the highest energy of adiabatic electrons is a few keV around the X‐lines, tens of keV immediately downstream of the X‐lines, hundreds of keV on the flux rope boundaries, and a few MeV in the flux rope cores. The X‐lines cause strong energy dissipation, which may generate the energetic electron beams around them. The enhanced electron parallel temperature can be caused by the curvature‐driven Fermi acceleration and the parallel electric potential. Betatron acceleration due to the magnetic field compression is strong on flux rope boundaries, which enhances energetic electrons in the perpendicular direction. Electrons can be trapped between the flux rope pair due to mirror force and parallel electric potential. Electrostatic structures in the flux rope cores correspond to potential drops up to half of the electron temperature. The energetic electrons and the electron distribution functions in the flux rope cores are suggested to be transported from other dawn‐dusk directions, which is a 3‐dimensional effect. The acceleration and deceleration of the Betatron and Fermi processes appear alternately indicating that the magnetic field and plasma are turbulent around the flux ropes.
The hypertension cascade of care in the midst of conflict: the case of the Gaza Strip
Authors: Abu Hamad Bassam A. , Jamaluddine Zeina , Safadi Gloria , Ragi Marie-Elizabeth , Ahmad Raeda El Sayed , Vamos Eszter P. , Basu Sanjay , Yudkin John S. , Jawad Mohammed , Millett Christopher , Ghattas Hala 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough hypertension constitutes a substantial burden in conflict-affected areas, little is known about its prevalence, control, and management in Gaza. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, its diagnosis and control among adults in Gaza. We conducted a representative, cross-sectional, anonymous, household survey of 4576 persons older than 40 years in Gaza in mid-2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements. Hypertension was defined in anyone with an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg from two consecutive readings or a hypertension diagnosis. The mean age of participants was 56.9 ± 10.5 years, 54.0% were female and 68.5% were Palestinian refugees. The prevalence of hypertension was 56.5%, of whom 71.5% had been diagnosed. Hypertension was significantly higher among older participants, refugees, ex-smokers, those who were overweight or obese, and had other co-morbidities including mental illnesses. Two-thirds (68.3%) of those with hypertension were on treatment with one in three (35.6%) having their hypertension controlled. Having controlled hypertension was significantly higher in females, those receiving all medications for high blood pressure and those who never or rarely added salt to food. Investing in comprehensive but cost-effective initiatives that strengthen the prevention, early detection and timely treatment of hypertension in conflict settings is critical. It is essential to better understand the underlying barriers behind the lack of control and develop multi-sectoral programs to address these barriers.