bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of a black‐cheeked waxbill (Brunhilda charmosyna) cleaning a Kirk’s dik‐dik (Madoqua kirkii)
Authors: Nyaguthii Brendah , Njoroge Peter , Farine Damien R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe vast majority of interspecific interactions are competitive or exploitative. Yet, some positive interspecies interactions exist, where one (commensalism) or both (mutualism) species benefit. One such interaction is cleaning mutualisms, whereby a cleaner removes parasites from a client. In this note, we document the novel observation of a black‐cheeked waxbill (Brunhilda charmosyna) appearing to clean a Kirk's dik‐dik (Madoqua kirkii), at the Mpala Research Centre in Laikipia County, Kenya. The purported cleaning took place for over one minute and is notable firstly for the dik‐dik remaining still for the duration of cleaning and secondly for involving two species that are much smaller than those traditionally involved in bird–mammal cleaning interactions. Unfortunately, no further cleaning events were subsequently observed, raising questions about whether this record was opportunistic or a regular occurrence. Future observations may reveal whether this behavior is widespread and whether it involves other small passerines.
Beyond the encounter: Predicting multi‐predator risk to elk (Cervus canadensis) in summer using predator scats
Authors: MacAulay Kara M. , Spilker Eric G. , Berg Jodi E. , Hebblewhite Mark , Merrill Evelyn H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

There is growing evidence that prey perceive the risk of predation and alter their behavior in response, resulting in changes in spatial distribution and potential fitness consequences. Previous approaches to mapping predation risk across a landscape quantify predator space use to estimate potential predator‐prey encounters, yet this approach does not account for successful predator attack resulting in prey mortality. An exception is a prey kill site that reflects an encounter resulting in mortality, but obtaining information on kill sites is expensive and requires time to accumulate adequate sample sizes.

We illustrate an alternative approach using predator scat locations and their contents to quantify spatial predation risk for elk (Cervus canadensis) from multiple predators in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada. We surveyed over 1300 km to detect scats of bears (Ursus arctos/U. americanus), cougars (Puma concolor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and wolves (C. lupus). To derive spatial predation risk, we combined predictions of scat‐based resource selection functions (RSFs) weighted by predator abundance with predictions that a predator‐specific scat in a location contained elk. We evaluated the scat‐based predictions of predation risk by correlating them to predictions based on elk kill sites. We also compared scat‐based predation risk on summer ranges of elk following three migratory tactics for consistency with telemetry‐based metrics of predation risk and cause‐specific mortality of elk.

We found a strong correlation between the scat‐based approach presented here and predation risk predicted by kill sites and (r = .98, p < .001). Elk migrating east of the Ya Ha Tinda winter range were exposed to the highest predation risk from cougars, resident elk summering on the Ya Ha Tinda winter range were exposed to the highest predation risk from wolves and coyotes, and elk migrating west to summer in Banff National Park were exposed to highest risk of encountering bears, but it was less likely to find elk in bear scats than in other areas. These patterns were consistent with previous estimates of spatial risk based on telemetry of collared predators and recent cause‐specific mortality patterns in elk.

A scat‐based approach can provide a cost‐efficient alternative to kill sites of quantifying broad‐scale, spatial patterns in risk of predation for prey particularly in multiple predator species systems.
Genetic variation in sodium glucose co‐transporter 1 and cardiac structure and function at middle age
Authors: Bavishi Aakash , Colangelo Laura A. , Rasmussen‐Torvik Laura J. , Lima Joao A.C. , Nannini Drew R. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Pandey Ambarish , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Patel Ravi B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe effects of inhibition of sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT)‐1, as opposed to SGLT2, on cardiovascular structure and function are not well known. We assessed the associations of a missense genetic variant of SGLT1 with cardiac structure and function.Methods and resultsWe evaluated associations of a functionally modifying variant of SLC5A1 (rs17683011 [p.Asn51Ser]), the gene that encodes SGLT1, with cardiac structure and function on echocardiography among middle‐aged adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Of 1904 participants (55.3 ± 3.5 years, 57% female, 34% Black), 166 (13%) White participants and 18 (3%) Black participants had at least one copy of rs17683011. There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, glucose, or diabetes status by the presence of the rs17683011 variant. In Black participants, the presence of at least one copy of the rs17683011 variant was significantly associated with better GLS compared with those without a copy of the variant after covariate adjustment (−15.8 ± 0.7% vs. −14.0 ± 0.1%, P = 0.02). Although the direction of effect was consistent, the association between the presence of at least one copy of rs17683011 and GLS was not statistically significant in White participants (−15.1 ± 0.2% vs. −14.8 ± 0.1%, P = 0.16). There were no significant associations between rs17683011 and other measures of LV structure, systolic function, or diastolic function.ConclusionsThe rs17683011 variant, a functionally modifying variant of the SGLT1 gene, was associated with higher GLS among middle‐age adults. These exploratory findings require further validation and suggest that SGLT1 inhibition may have beneficial effects upon LV systolic function.
Right atrial pressure represents cumulative cardiac burden in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Nagata Reika , Harada Tomonari , Omote Kazunori , Iwano Hiroyuki , Yoshida Kotaro , Kato Toshimitsu , Kurosawa Koji , Nagai Toshiyuki , Anzai Toshihisa , Obokata Masaru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsRight‐sided filling pressure is elevated in some patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We hypothesized that right atrial pressure (RAP) would represent the cumulative burden of abnormalities in the left heart, pulmonary vasculature, and the right heart.Methods and resultsEchocardiography was performed in 399 patients with HFpEF. RAP was estimated from inferior vena cava morphology and its respiratory change [estimated right atrial pressure (eRAP)], and patients were divided according to eRAP (3 or ≥8 mmHg). Patients with higher eRAP displayed more severe abnormalities in LV diastolic function as well as right heart structure and function than those with normal eRAP. Cardiac deaths or HF hospitalization occurred in 84 patients over a median follow‐up of 19.0 months (interquartile range 6.7–36.9). The presence of higher eRAP was independently associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (adjusted hazard ratio 2.20 vs. normal eRAP group, 95% confidence interval 1.34–3.62, P = 0.002). Kaplan–Meier curves separating the patients into four groups based on eRAP and E/e' ratio showed that event‐free survival varied among the groups, providing an incremental prognostic value of eRAP over E/e' ratio. The classification and regression tree analysis demonstrated that eRAP was the strongest predictor of the outcome followed by right ventricular dimension, E/e' ratio, and estimated right ventricular systolic pressure, stratifying the patients into four risk groups (incident rate 8.8–72.2%).ConclusionsThese data may provide new insights into the prognostic role of RAP in the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF and suggest the utility of eRAP for the risk stratification in patients with HFpEF.
Mirror‐Image Magnetic Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Perovskite (M+Pb2+Br3, M+=Cs+ and Amidinium) Quantum Dots
Authors: Amasaki Ryo , Kitahara Maho , Kimoto Takahiro , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmbidextrous magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) and redshift in photoluminescence (PL) spectra are observed from two types of achiral soluble diamagnetic perovskite‐Pb‐quantum dots in toluene solution at room temperature, when subjected to external north‐up and south‐up magnetic fields of 1.7 T. The magnitude of the MCPL, gMCPL, is in the order of |gMCPL|=10−3 within a wavelength range of 480–580 nm. The wavelength and the sign of the MCPL spectra can be controlled by the types of perovskite constituent atom and the direction of the magnetic field, respectively.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Featuring a Porphyrin Scaffold: Synthesis, Optical and Biological Properties
Authors: Merabti Amina , Roger Maxime , Nguyen Christophe , Nocentini Alessio , Gerbier Philippe , Richeter Sébastien , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Supuran Claudiu T. , Clément Sébastien , Winum Jean‐Yves 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and study of optical properties of innovative tetrafunctionalized zinc(II) porphyrins with carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors in sulfonamide and coumarin series are described. The synthetic methodology relies on the preparation of the porphyrin core by condensation of azido triethyleneglycol functionalized benzaldehyde derivative with pyrrole followed by its metalation and inhibitors couplingviaHuisgen click‐reaction. The tetrafunctionalized zinc(II) porphyrin with coumarin moieties showed selective inhibition against tumour‐associated hCA IX and hCA XIIversusthe cytosolic off‐targets hCA I and hCA II. This compound was able to accumulate on cell membrane and to impair pancreas cancer cells (Capan‐1) proliferation in normoxic conditions with LC50of 4.5 μM. Moreover, its optical properties revealed efficient photosensitizing properties, leading to cancer cells death under light irradiation, making this compound a suitable candidate for photodynamic therapy.
Premature Mortality Observations among Alaska’s Pacific Salmon During Record Heat and Drought in 2019
Authors: Biela Vanessa R. , Sergeant Christopher J , Carey Michael P , Liller Zachary , Russell Charles , Quinn-Davidson Stephanie , Rand Peter S , Westley Peter A.H , Zimmerman Christian E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Widespread mortality of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. returning to spawn in Alaska coincided with record-breaking air temperatures and prolonged drought in summer 2019. Extreme environmental conditions are expected to happen more frequently with rapid climate change and challenge the notion that Alaska could indefinitely provide abundant, cool freshwater habitat for Pacific salmon. A total of 110 geographically widespread opportunistic observations of premature mortality (carcasses) were collected from a variety of sources. Premature mortalities were documented for Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Sockeye Salmon O. nerka, Chum Salmon O. keta, Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, and Coho Salmon O. kisutch. Additionally, observations of Pink Salmon returning to spawn in Prince William Sound streams in 2019, obtained from systematic aerial surveys conducted annually, revealed low migration success in 87% of rain-driven streams (n = 30), 52% of snow-driven streams (n = 65), and only 18% of glacier-driven streams (n = 11). Salmon mortality observations were consistent with death due to heat stress resulting from high water temperatures or drought caused hypoxia and stranding. Developing a better understanding of how broad-scale climate patterns manifest at the stream scale can help us determine whether a major shift in Pacific salmon productivity is underway and inform fisheries management plans to better mitigate future risks.
Chidamide with PEL regimen (prednisone, etoposide, lenalidomide) for elderly or frail patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐Cell lymphoma ‐results of a single center, retrospective cohort in China
Authors: Wang Yawen , Xue Hongwei , Song Wei , Xiao Shuxin , Jing Fanjing , Dong Tieying , Wang Lili 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTreatment for relapsed/refractory Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) is evolving rapidly due to the emergence of novel drugs, of which histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are an important example. This study showed efficacy in patients with R/R DLBCL after failure of conventional therapies. We conducted a single‐center, retrospective study of 34 frail or elderly R/R DLBCL patients who had been treated off‐label with chidamide‐containing regimens from 2018 to 2020. X2 or Fisher test were used to compare response rate and Kaplan‐Meier method was used to perform the survival analyses which compared with log‐rank test between different groups. The test standard was p < 0.05. In total, 34 patients with R/R DLBCL received CPEL+/‐R for at least 1 cycle were included. Most of them were refractory patients (n = 28,82.4%). The interim objective response rate (ORR) was 73.5% (32.4% complete remission [CR]), and the ultimate ORR was 50.0% (35.3% CR). After a median follow‐up of 13.1 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 10.5 months (95%CI 6.4–14.6) and the median overall survival (OS) was 19.3 months (95%CI 11.8–26.9). The 1 year expected PFS and OS rate was 43.0% and 73.7%, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia (n = 11,32.3%) and anemia (n = 4, 11.8%) 0.23.5% (8/34) of all patients experienced grade 3/4 nonhematologic AEs. No treatment‐related deaths were observed. The study showed chidamide‐included regimen could be an option for R/R DLBCL patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapies. Current data showed favorable efficiency and moderate safety profile. Further study is warranted for better illustration of efficacy and usage in combination therapies.
Cubic B‐splines method for Hall and ion slip impacts on unsteady MHD rotating flow past a vertical moving porous plate
Authors: Kumar S. Abhilash Anand , Ibrahim S. Md. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe heat and mass transfer of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Newtonian fluid with Hall current and ion‐slip currents due to vast possible engineering applications is very important in areas like power generators, MHD accelerators, refrigeration coils, electric transformers, and heating elements. A quality‐based research on Hall and ion‐slip consequences on the rotating unsteady MHD flow past an infinite perpendicular moving absorbent plate have not been performed. Therefore, the Hall and ion‐slip consequences on rotating unsteady MHD flow past an infinite perpendicular moving absorbent plate have not been performed. The similarity transformations are engaged to transfer the governing partial differential equations within favor of the scheme of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and elucidated numerically making use of cubic B‐splines collocation mechanism. The influences of felicitous parameters on basic equations are remarked on through graphical profiles. Even though the computational estimations of frictional forces, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for various parameters are distributed in tabular format and exchanged of views comparatively.
Cellular osmoregulation of the ark clam (Anadara kagoshimensis) hemocytes to hyposmotic media
Authors: Kladchenko Ekaterina S. , Andreyeva Aleksandra Y. , Mindukshev Igor V. , Gambaryan Stepan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany bivalve species are considered to be euryhaline organisms due to effective adaptation to fluctuations of environmental salinity. Cellular mechanisms responsible for tolerance to salinity changes remain unclear for bivalves despite this question being critically important for commercially cultured species frequently introduced into regions differing from natural habitat by salinity regime. In the present work laser diffraction method was used for the analysis of volume changes in hemoglobin‐containing ark clam (Anadara kagoshimensis) hemocytes following hyposmotic stimulation. Hemocytes responded to hyposmotic shock (decrease of media osmolarity from 461 to 216 mОsm/L) by a rapid swelling up to 171.5 ± 15.2% of control level. At normal osmotic conditions (osmolarity 461 mOsm/L), hemocyte mean cellular volume (MCV) was 354.0 ± 24.4 fl and maximum MCV of hyposmotically swollen cells prior lysis was 555.5 ± 57.4 fl (at the osmolarity 194 mOsm/L). Ark clam hemocytes demonstrated volume recovery response following hyposmotic swelling. Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) reaction did not depend on hemoglobin confirmation status. Final MCV of swollen hemocytes at the end of experimental period of RVD in oxygenated and deoxygenated suspensions did not significantly differ.
Does the thermal mismatch hypothesis predict disease outcomes in different morphs of a terrestrial salamander?
Authors: Venesky Matthew D. , DeMarchi Joseph , Hickerson Cari , Anthony Carl D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany aspects of ectotherm physiology are temperature‐dependent. The immune system of temperate‐dwelling ectothermic host species is no exception and their immune function is often downregulated in cold temperatures. Likewise, species of ectothermic pathogens experience temperature‐mediated effects on rates of transmission and/or virulence. Although seemingly straightforward, predicting the outcomes of ectothermic host−pathogen interactions is quite challenging. A recent hypothesis termed the thermal mismatch hypothesis posits that cool‐adapted host species should be most susceptible to pathogen infection during warm temperature periods whereas warm‐adapted host species should be most susceptible to pathogens during periods of cool temperatures. We explore this hypothesis using two ecologically and physiologically differentiated color morphs of the Eastern Red‐backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; hereafter “Bd”) using a fully factorial laboratory experiment. At cool temperatures, unstriped salamanders (i.e., those that are tolerant of warm temperatures) had a significantly higher probability of Bd infection compared with cool‐tolerant striped salamanders, consistent with the thermal mismatch hypothesis. However, we found no support for this hypothesis when salamanders were exposed to Bd at warm temperatures: the probability of Bd infection in the cool‐tolerant striped salamanders was nearly identical in both cool and warm temperatures, opposite the predictions of the thermal mismatch hypothesis. Our results are most consistent with the fact that Bd grows poorly at warm temperatures. Alternatively, our data could indicate that the two color morphs do not differ in their tolerance to warm temperatures but that striped salamanders are more tolerant to cool temperatures than unstriped salamanders.
Gadolinium Retention in the Brain of Mother and Pup Mouse: Effect of Pregnancy and Repeated Administration of Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Agents
Authors: Yao Xiang , Zhang Haoran , Shi Dafa , Li Yanfei , Guo Qiu , Yu Ziyang , Wang Siyuan , Ren Ke 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe association of repeated administration of gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) with the gadolinium (Gd) retention in the brains of mother and fetus remains unclear.PurposeTo investigate the effects of pregnancy and repeated administration of GBCAs on Gd retention in the brains of mother and pup mice.Study typeCross‐sectional cohort toxicity study.Animal ModelFrom gestational days 16–19, pregnant (n = 48) BALB/c mice.Field StrengthA 9.4 T and fast spin echo sequence.AssessmentHalf of the mother mice (n = 24) were killed at postnatal day 1 (P1) for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides the ICP‐MS and TEM, four pups were randomly selected from each mother and killed at P1 for ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) and Nissl staining.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance and unpaired t‐test.ResultsIn the group of gadodiamide, retention of Gd in the brains of pregnant mice was significantly lower than that of nonpregnant mice in the area of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) (10.35 ± 2.16 nmol/g vs. 18.74 ± 3.65 nmol/g). Retention of Gd in the DCN of pups whose mothers were administered gadoterate meglumine was significantly lower than that of pups whose mothers were administered gadodiamide (0.21 ± 0.09 nmol/g vs. 6.15 ± 3.21 nmol/g) at P1. In mice treated with gadodiamide, most of the retained Gd in the brain tissue was insoluble (19.5% ± 9.5% of the recovered amount corresponded to the intact complex in the DCN).Data ConclusionIn different brain areas of the mother and pup mice, the retention of Gd after gadoterate meglumine administration was lower than that of gadodiamide and gadopentetate dimeglumine administration, and almost all the detected Gd in pups' brains was intact soluble GBCAs.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Hallucinogenic drugs and their potential for treating fear‐related disorders: Through the lens of fear extinction
Authors: Glavonic Emilija , Mitic Milos , Adzic Miroslav 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFear‐related disorders, mainly phobias and post‐traumatic stress disorder, are highly prevalent, debilitating disorders that pose a significant public health problem. They are characterized by aberrant processing of aversive experiences and dysregulated fear extinction, leading to excessive expression of fear and diminished quality of life. The gold standard for treating fear‐related disorders is extinction‐based exposure therapy (ET), shown to be ineffective for up to 35% of subjects. Moreover, ET combined with traditional pharmacological treatments for fear‐related disorders, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, offers no further advantage to patients. This prompted the search for ways to improve ET outcomes, with current research focused on pharmacological agents that can augment ET by strengthening fear extinction learning. Hallucinogenic drugs promote reprocessing of fear‐imbued memories and induce positive mood and openness, relieving anxiety and enabling the necessary emotional engagement during psychotherapeutic interventions. Mechanistically, hallucinogens induce dynamic structural and functional neuroplastic changes across the fear extinction circuitry and temper amygdala's hyperreactivity to threat‐related stimuli, effectively mitigating one of the hallmarks of fear‐related disorders. This paper provides the first comprehensive review of hallucinogens' potential to alleviate symptoms of fear‐related disorders by focusing on their effects on fear extinction and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We overview both preclinical and clinical studies and emphasize the advantages of hallucinogenic drugs over current first‐line treatments. We highlight 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine and ketamine as the most effective therapeutics for fear‐related disorders and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for their potency with implications for improving hallucinogen‐assisted psychotherapy.