bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding a whole-cell inactivated Pichia guilliermondii yeast to gestating and lactating sows in a commercial production system
Authors: Thayer Morgan T , Garcia Ricardo M , Duttlinger Alan W , Mahoney Julie A , Schinckel Allan P , Asmus Matthew D , Jones Daniel B , Dunn Jim L , Richert Brian T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A total of 606 sows (PIC 1050) and their progeny (PIC 1050 × 280) were used to determine if feeding gestating and lactating sows a proprietary strain of Pichia guilliermondii as a whole-cell inactivated yeast product (WCY; CitriStim, ADM Animal Nutrition, Quincy, IL) improves sow and litter performance in a commercial production system. Once confirmed pregnant at d 35 post-breeding pregnancy check, sows were fed a basal gestation control (CON) diet (0.55% SID lysine) or the control diet fortified with 0.15% of the WCY replacing corn in the CON diet. Dietary treatments were also fed in lactation (1.05% SID lysine) once sows were moved into farrowing crates on approximately d 112 of gestation until weaning. Sows supplemented with WCY in gestation and lactation had increased total born piglets by 0.45 pigs (P &lt; 0.04), piglets born alive (14.27 vs. 13.85; P &lt; 0.04), and, therefore, heavier born alive litter weights (P &lt; 0.001) compared to CON fed sows. A greater post cross-foster litter size (P &lt; 0.001) meant that litter size at weaning was increased by 0.54 pigs when sows were fed WCY compared to CON (P &lt; 0.001). However, litter weaning weights and 21-d adjusted litter weaning weights were similar (P &gt; 0.158), although numerically greater, for WCY fed sows. Pigs from CON fed sows were 0.35 kg heavier at weaning compared to pigs from WCY fed sows (P &lt; 0.001). This increase in weaning weight of pigs from CON fed sows is partially explained by their 0.93 d longer lactation (P &lt; 0.001) and may also be due to the smaller litter size throughout lactation. The percent of litters treated for scours decreased from 38.3 to 14.2% when sows were fed WCY (P &lt; 0.001). The distribution of birth and weaning weights was not impacted (P &gt; 0.2461) by treatment. In conclusion, feeding gestating and lactating sows a proprietary strain of Pichia guilliermondii as a whole-cell inactivated yeast product increased the number of pigs born and weaned, and decreased the prevalence of scours during lactation.
Lipid dysregulation associated with progression of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ma Ruimin , Fan Yali , Huang Xiaoxi , Wang Jingwei , Li Shuang , Wang Yuanying , Ye Qiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSilicosis is an irreversible, progressive, fibrotic lung disease caused by long-term exposure to dust-containing silica particles at the workplace. Despite the precautions enforced, the rising incidence of silicosis continues to occur globally, particularly in developing countries. A better understanding of the disease progression and potential metabolic reprogramming of silicosis is warranted. The low- or high-dose silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice was constructed to mimic chronic or accelerated silicosis. Silica-induced mice lung fibrosis was analyzed by histology, lung function, and computed tomography scans. Non-targeted metabolomics of the lung tissues was conducted by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to show the temporal metabolic trajectory. The low-dose silica-induced silicosis characterized inflammation for up to 42 days, with the onset of cellular silicon nodules. Conversely, the high-dose silica-induced silicosis characterized inflammation for up to 14 days, after which the disease developed rapidly, with a large volume of collagen deposition, presenting progressive massive fibrosis. Both low- and high silica-induced fibrosis had aberrant lipid metabolism. Combined with the RNA-Seq data, this multiomics study demonstrated alterations in the enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Time-dependent metabolic reprogramming revealing abnormal glycerophospholipid metabolism was intimately associated with the process of inflammation, whereas sphingolipid metabolism was crucial during lung fibrosis. These findings suggest that lipid dysregulation, especially sphingolipid metabolism, was involved in the process of silicosis.
Yard Age, Cultivar Susceptibility, and Spring Pruning Practices as Risk Factors for Overwintering of Podosphaera macularis on Hop
Authors: Laurie Robert W. , Richardson Briana J. , Ross Cameron J. , Gent David H. 
Published: December 2022

Hop powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera macularis, may be initiated by sexual or asexual spores of the pathogen, but only asexual reproduction has been reported in the Pacific Northwest United States. In this region, overwintering is via bud perennation, leading to "flag shoots" the following season. We expanded on previous research and analyzed 766 location-years of flag shoot data from Oregon hop yards collected from 2014 to 2020, examining potential risk factors of yard age, cultivar susceptibility to powdery mildew, pruning method (mechanical means or not), and pruning thoroughness. Bayesian logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the probability of flag shoot presence or absence. We found little evidence to support yard age as a significant risk factor for flag shoot presence, as the 95% credible interval for the parameter associated with yard age was consistently centered around 0 in each of our models. However, cultivar susceptibility to powdery mildew, spring pruning method, and spring pruning thoroughness were associated with increases in the probability of observing a flag shoot. Although yard age was not an important risk factor, there was an interrelationship between yard age, pruning method, and pruning thoroughness that suggests second-year yards may indirectly be at an elevated risk for flag shoot development because these yards are less often pruned using mechanical methods. Our research further identifies yards that are most at risk for overwintering of P. macularis and reinforces the importance of thorough pruning in yards with an elevated risk for possessing a flag shoot. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
Patient Willingness to Dispose of Leftover Opioids After Surgery
Authors: Draper Phoebe , Bleicher Josh , Kobayashi Jaqueline K. , Stauder Elizabeth L. , Stoddard Gregory J. , Johnson Jordan E. , Cohan Jessica N. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Harris Alex H. S. , Huang Lyen C. 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
We examined how convenience and financial incentives influence patient willingness to dispose of leftover prescription opioids after surgery. We also identified additional barriers and facilitators to disposal.

Background:
In the United States, up to 70% of surgical patients are prescribed opioids and up to 92% will have leftover tablets. Most do not dispose of leftover opioids, increasing the risk for opioid-related harm. Current interventions promoting opioid disposal have shown mixed success.

Methods:
We conducted a mixed methods study using a standard gamble survey and semi-structured interviews. Participants estimated willingness to dispose in 16 scenarios with varying convenience (time requirements of <5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes) and financial incentives ($0, $5, $25, $50). We estimated the likelihood of disposal using a multivariable mixed effects modified Poisson regression model. Semi-structured interviews explored how convenience, financial incentives, and other barriers and facilitators influenced decisions to dispose.

Results:
Fifty-five participants were surveyed and 42 were interviewed. Most were willing to dispose when the time required was <15 minutes. Few were willing to dispose if the process required 60 minutes, although a $50 financial incentive increased rates from 9% to 36%. Anxiety about future pain, opioid scarcity, recreational use, family safety, moral beliefs, addiction, theft, and environmental harm also influenced decision-making.

Conclusions:
Interventions promoting opioid disposal should focus on convenience, but the selective use of financial incentives can be effective. Tailoring interventions to individual barriers and facilitators could also increase disposal rates.
Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Axillary Vein Versus Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Czarnik Tomasz , Czuczwar Miroslaw , Borys Michal , Chrzan Olimpia , Filipiak Kamil , Maj Magdalena , Marszalski Maciej , Miodonska Marta , Molsa Maciej , Pietka Marek , Piwoda Maciej , Piwowarczyk Pawel , Rogalska Zuzanna , Stachowicz Jakub , Gawda Ryszard 
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES:
This clinical trial aimed to compare the ultrasound-guided in-plane infraclavicular cannulation of the axillary vein (AXV) and the ultrasound-guided out-of-plane cannulation of the internal jugular vein (IJV).

DESIGN:
A prospective, single-blinded, open label, parallel-group, randomized trial.

SETTING:
Two university-affiliated ICUs in Poland (Opole and Lublin).

PATIENTS:
Mechanically ventilated intensive care patients with clinical indications for central venous line placement.

INTERVENTIONS:
Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: the IJV group (n = 304) and AXV group (n = 306). The primary outcome was to compare the IJV group and AXV group through the venipuncture and catheterization success rates. Secondary outcomes were catheter tip malposition and early mechanical complication rates. All catheterizations were performed by advanced residents and consultants in anesthesiology and intensive care.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The IJV puncture rate was 100%, and the AXV was 99.7% (chi-square, p = 0.19). The catheterization success rate in the IJV group was 98.7% and 96.7% in the AXV group (chi-square, p = 0.11). The catheter tip malposition rate was 9.9% in the IJV group and 10.1% in the AXV group (chi-square, p = 0.67). The early mechanical complication rate in the IJV group was 3% (common carotid artery puncture—4 cases, perivascular hematoma—2 cases, vertebral artery puncture—1 case, pneumothorax—1 case) and 2.6% in the AXV group (axillary artery puncture—4 cases, perivascular hematoma—4 cases) (chi-square, p = 0.79).

CONCLUSIONS:
No difference was found between the real-time ultrasound-guided out-of-plane cannulation of the IJV and the infraclavicular real-time ultrasound-guided in-plane cannulation of the AXV. Both techniques are equally efficient and safe in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.
Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for lung cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Wu Hong , Xu Chuan 
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review
The unique properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) make lung cancer untargetable for quite an extended period. The functional mechanism of this cell type has been illustrated step by step. However, the outcomes of lung cancer patients are still lower than expected clinically. The attempts made by scientists to make challenge history against stemness maintenance of lung cancer cells and their druggable targets are worth elucidating.

Recent findings
Many agents, including the Bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and AMG 119 targeting DLL3-positive cells, are a tremendous breakthrough in the preclinical and clinical treatment of SCLC. More studies focus on targeting CSCs to overcome TKI resistance in NSCLC. The combo targeting of CSC and the immune microenvironment can favor the treatment of lung cancer patients.

Summary
The current review elucidates the characteristics and related regulating pathways of lung CSCs from essential to preclinical research. We retrospectively introduce an update on the clinical development of therapeutics targeting CSC-associated developmental signaling pathways and discuss the opportunities to target CSC–immune interactions in lung cancer.
Hearing Outcome and Virologic Characteristics of Children With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Relation to Antiviral Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Venturini Elisabetta , Impagnatiello Luisa , Chiappini Elena , Galli Luisa 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is one of the leading causes of nongenetic sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of our retrospective cohort study was to describe the changes in hearing in relation to antiviral therapy and the trend in viremia and viruria in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Methods:
In the present study, data were collected from infants treated with valganciclovir for 6 weeks or 6 months or untreated, seen between 2000 and 2021 at the Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy. Hearing deterioration was studied using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and risk factors for the outcome “deterioration” with Cox analysis.

Results:
Ninety-eight children were enrolled. Three children developed late hearing loss (2 children treated with valganciclovir for 6 weeks and 1 untreated). Kaplan-Meier survival curves of children treated for 6 weeks and 6 months overlapped until 36 months of life, after then 2 children of the 6-week group showed a worsening of hearing function (P = 0.609). Cox analysis did not show a significant impact of analyzed variables (group of therapy, viruria and viremia) on the outcome. The resolution of detectable viruria and viremia was significantly faster in the 6-month group (P = 0.011, <0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:
Our study is the first that reports audiological characteristics at follow-up after 24 months of life in treated and untreated children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. In our population, 6 months therapy may prevent the development of late hearing loss, although the different regimens did not differ in influencing the progression of congenital deafness.
Asymptomatic Viral Presence in Early Life Precedes Recurrence of Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Zuurbier Roy P. , Bogaert Debby , de Steenhuijsen Piters Wouter A.A. , Arp Kayleigh , Chu Mei Ling J. N. , Sanders Elisabeth A. M. , van Houten Marlies A. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in infants are often caused by viruses. Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) can be considered the most pathogenic viruses in children, rhinovirus (RV) is often found in asymptomatic infants as well. Little is known about the health consequences of viral presence, especially early in life. We aimed to examine the dynamics of (a)symptomatic viral presence and relate early viral detection to susceptibility to RTIs in infants.

Methods:
In a prospective birth cohort of 117 infants, we tested 1304 nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 11 consecutive regular sampling moments, and during acute RTIs across the first year of life for 17 respiratory viruses by quantitative PCR. Associations between viral presence, viral (sub)type, viral load, viral co-detection and symptoms were tested by generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.

Results:
RV was the most detected virus. RV was negatively associated [GEE: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.41 (95% CI 0.18–0.92)], and hMPV, RSV, parainfluenza 2 and 4 and human coronavirus HKU1 were positively associated with an acute RTI. Asymptomatic RV in early life was, however, associated with increased susceptibility to and recurrence of RTIs later in the first year of life (Kaplan–Meier survival analysis: P = 0.022).

Conclusions:
Respiratory viruses, including the seasonal human coronaviruses, are often detected in infants, and are often asymptomatic. Early life RV presence is, though negatively associated with an acute RTI, associated with future susceptibility to and recurrence of RTIs. Further studies on potential ecologic or immunologic mechanisms are needed to understand these observations.
Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection With Central Nervous System Involvement in Children: A Clinical Study of 22 Cases
Authors: Ou Wenxin , Zhao Yunze , Wei Ang , Ma Honghao , Zhang Liping , Lian Hongyun , Zhang Qing , Chen Sitong , Wang Dong , Li Zhigang , Wang Tianyou , Zhang Rui 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To analyze the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement in children.

Methods:
Patients with CAEBV admitted to Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, were enrolled in this study from January 2017 to December 2020. They were divided into a CNS group and a non-CNS group based on the presence of CNS involvement.

Results:
Twenty-two patients developed CNS disease, accounting for 23.9% (22/92) of CAEBV patients in the same period. Of these, only 2 of 22 patients presented initially with neurologic symptoms in the CNS group, and they all improved after treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination demonstrated normal protein concentration and cell number in all patients with CNS involvement. Only 7 patients were positive for CSF EBV-DNA. Twenty-one patients had neuroimaging abnormalities, such as white matter signal abnormalities, encephalography or calcification. In the CNS group, 7 (31.8%) patients died, including 5 who died of active hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, 1 died of unrelated causes, and 1 died of respiratory failure caused by pulmonary lymphoproliferative disease progression after transplantation. The 3-year overall survival was lower in the CNS group than in the non-CNS group (63.6% ± 11.9% versus 86.9% ± 4.1%, P = 0.027). Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an independent risk factor for CNS involvement in patients with CAEBV (OR = 2.946, 95% CI: 1.042–8.335, P = 0.042). Compared with the non-CNS group, blood EBV-DNA loads and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocytes in the CNS group were higher (P < 0.001), while fibrinogen levels and natural killer (NK)-cell activity were lower (P = 0.047). Children with CAEBV were more likely to develop CNS diseases with low NK-cell activity (NK-cell activity < 14.00%, P = 0.023) or high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (ALT levels > 40 U/L, P = 0.032).

Conclusion:
CAEBV with CNS involvement has nonspecific clinical manifestations, laboratory data, neuroimaging but has a worse prognosis. Blood fibrinogen levels and NK-cell activity in CAEBV children with CNS involvement are lower than in those without CNS involvement. In contrast, blood EBV-DNA loads and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocytes are higher. Children with CAEBV who presented with HLH, NK-cell activity <14.00%, serum ALT >40 U/L and high-blood EBV-DNA loads are prone to develop CNS diseases.
Infections in Pediatric Patients With Burn Injury: 6 Years of Experience
Authors: Karaaslan Ayşe , Çetin Ceren , Köle Mehmet Tolga , Dereli Murat , Demir Tekol Serap , Filinte Gaye , Akin Yasemin 
Published: December 2022

Background:
This study aimed to determine the frequency of bloodstream and wound infections and their possible risk factors in hospitalized children with burn injury.

Methods:
We performed this retrospective descriptive study from 2015 to 2021. The study subjects consisted of all the pediatric patients hospitalized in the burn unit, from whom microorganisms were isolated either from blood or wound culture samples.

Results:
We detected a total of 142 microorganisms from 97 blood culture samples and 45 wound culture samples. Among the 115 patients, 44 (38.3%) were females and 71 (61.7%) were males, with a median age of 21 months (interquartile range: 14–39 months). Gram-positive bacteria were the most common causative agents of bloodstream infections in patients with burns (54.6%), followed by Gram-negative bacteria (32.9%) and fungi (12.3%). Gram-negative bacteria were the most common causative agent of wound infections (86.7%). Prolonged hospitalization positively correlated with the extent of the burn surface area (P: 0.031), degree of burn (P: 0.001), use of central venous catheter (P: 0.028), and intensive care unit stay (P: 0.044). Independent risk factors for Gram-negative bacteremia and Gram-negative wound infections were the extent of the burn surface area (P: 0.018), degree of burn (P: 0.024) and intensive care unit stay (P: 0.023). The independent risk factor for fungemia was prolonged hospitalization (P: 0.026).

Conclusions:
To reduce infections, minimizing invasive procedures using a multidisciplinary approach would be beneficial, especially in patients who have a large burn surface area and are expected to have a long hospital stay.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Chinniah Kogielambal , Bhimma Rajendra , Naidoo Kimesh Loganathan , Archary Moherndran , Jeena Prakash , Hoosen Ebrahim , Singh Shivani , Lawler Melissa , Naby Fathima , Masekela Refiloe 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been infrequently described in Africa.

Objective:
To describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and associations of severe disease in children hospitalized with MIS-C in KwaZulu-Natal.

Methods:
Retrospective multicenter study of children (0–13 years) who met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for MIS-C. Children with shock were compared with children without shock to determine the characteristics of severe MIS-C.

Results:
Twenty-nine children with MIS-C were identified, the mean age was 55 (SD ±45) months, 25 (86%) were Black-African, and 8 (28%) had pre-existing comorbidities. The predominant presenting symptoms included fever 29 (100%), gastrointestinal symptoms 25 (83%), skin rash 19 (65%), and shock 17 (59%). Children with shock had significantly increased CRP (P = 0.01), ferritin (P < 0.001), troponin-T (P = 0.02), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (P = 0.01), and lower platelets (P = 0.01). Acute kidney injury (P = 0.01), cardiac involvement (P = 0.02), and altered levels of consciousness (P = 0.03) were more common in children with shock. The median length of hospital stay was 11 (IQR 7–19) days, with a mortality of 20.6%. Children who did not survive had significantly higher ferritin levels 1593 (IQR 1069–1650) ng/mL versus 540 (IQR 181–1156) ng/mL; P = 0.03) and significantly more required mechanical ventilation (OR 18; confidence interval 1.7–191.5; P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
Hospitalized children with MIS-C in KwaZulu-Natal had more aggressive disease and higher mortality than children in better-resourced settings. Markedly elevated biomarkers and critical organ involvement were associated with severe disease. Risk factors for poor outcomes include higher ferritin levels and the need for mechanical ventilation.