bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting amoxicillin prescribing in primary care among children: a cohort study
Authors: Miller Faith , Zylbersztejn Ania , Favarato Graziella , Adamestam Imad , Pembrey Lucy , Shallcross Laura , Mason Dan , Wright John , Hardelid Pia 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAntibiotic prescribing during childhood, most commonly for respiratory tract infections (RTIs), contributes to antimicrobial resistance, which is a major public health concern.AimTo identify factors associated with amoxicillin prescribing and RTI consultation attendance in young children in primary care.Design and settingCohort study in Bradford spanning pregnancy to age 24 months, collected 2007–2013, linked to electronic primary care and air pollution data.MethodAmoxicillin prescribing and RTI consultation rates/1000 child–years were calculated. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted with general practice (GP) surgery as the random effect.ResultsThe amoxicillin prescribing rate among 2493 children was 710/1000 child–years during year 1 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 677 to 744) and 780/1000 (95% CI = 745 to 816) during year 2. During year 1, odds of amoxicillin prescribing were higher for boys (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.36, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.61), infants from socioeconomically deprived households (aOR 1.36, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.86), and infants with a Pakistani ethnic background (with mothers born in the UK [aOR 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.94] and outside [aOR 1.42, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.90]). During year 2, odds of amoxicillin prescribing were higher for infants with a Pakistani ethnic background (with mothers born in the UK [aOR 1.46, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.94] and outside [aOR 1.56, 95% CI = 1.19 to 2.04]) and those born <39 weeks gestation (aOR 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.45). Additional risk factors included caesarean delivery, congenital anomalies, overcrowding, birth season, and childcare attendance, with GP surgery explaining 7%–9% of variation.ConclusionSocioeconomic status and ethnic background were associated with amoxicillin prescribing during childhood. Efforts to reduce RTI spread in household and childcare settings may reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary care.
Impact of COVID-19 on primary care contacts with children and young people in England: longitudinal trends study 2015–2020
Authors: Foley Kimberley A , Maile Edward J , Bottle Alex , Neale Francesca K , Viner Russell M , Kenny Simon E , Majeed Azeem , Hargreaves Dougal S , Saxena Sonia 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe NHS response to COVID-19 altered provision and access to primary care.AimTo examine the impact of COVID-19 on GP contacts with children and young people (CYP) in England.Design and settingA longitudinal trends analysis was undertaken using electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database.MethodAll CYP aged <25 years registered with a GP in the CPRD Aurum database were included. The number of total, remote, and face-to-face contacts during the first UK lockdown (March to June 2020) were compared with the mean contacts for comparable weeks from 2015 to 2019.ResultsIn total, 47 607 765 GP contacts with 4 307 120 CYP were included. GP contacts fell 41% during the first lockdown compared with previous years. Children aged 1–14 years had greater falls in total contacts (≥50%) compared with infants and those aged 15–24 years. Face-to-face contacts fell by 88%, with the greatest falls occurring among children aged 1–14 years (>90%). Remote contacts more than doubled, increasing most in infants (over 2.5-fold). Total contacts for respiratory illnesses fell by 74% whereas contacts for common non-transmissible conditions shifted largely to remote contacts, mitigating the total fall (31%).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, CYP’s contact with GPs fell, particularly for face-to-face assessments. This may be explained by a lower incidence of respiratory illnesses because of fewer social contacts and changing health-seeking behaviour. The large shift to remote contacts mitigated total falls in contacts for some age groups and for common non-transmissible conditions.
Multicentre oncology clinical trials in primary health care in Cuba: evaluation of programme implementation in Villa Clara Province, 2010–2020
Authors: Lorenzo Geidy , Ortiz Ramón Alberto , Méndez Rayza , Rodríguez Migdalia , Marrero Rayza , de la Barca Nieves del Carmen , Granela María Cecilia , Artiles Maritza , Norvel Menelio , Cepeda Meylan , Toledo Elsa , González Alexis , Crespo Juan Carlos , Torres Olga , Nieto Leisy , Crombet Tania , Sánchez Liset , Lage Agustín 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe Center of Molecular Immunology of Cuba has developed a programme for the conducting of multicentre oncology clinical trials in primary healthcare centres since 2009.AimTo evaluate the ability to conduct oncology clinical trials in primary health care.Design & settingA longitudinal, prospective, analytical study was developed between July 2010 and August 2020 in the Villa Clara province.MethodStructure, process, and outcome indicators were evaluated by the methods of a structured interview, direct observation, documentary observation, and databases analysis. The investigators' curricula vitae, the investigator site file, minutes of workshops, the monitoring reports, the clinical trial training records, and databases were employed as sources of information. The following criteria were considered adequate: when the indicator met the standard; and not adequate: when the indicator did not meet the standard.ResultsThe six structure indicators reached adequate results and showed that the programme has allowed building of capacities to conduct clinical trials in primary care. The eight processes indicators and two outcome indicators were considered adequate too. Trials conducted in primary care showed better indicators of patient recruitment than secondary care. Both scenarios showed similar behaviour for the process indicators: retention, protocol compliance, and safety. Survival and satisfaction with health services were also comparable in both scenarios.ConclusionThe evaluation of the programme showed adequate indicators for conducting oncology clinical trials in primary care in Villa Clara and these were comparable to those determined in the secondary care.
Effect of static magnetic field bias on dynamic hysteresis loops of a magnetic nanoparticle suspension
Authors: Onodera Reisho , Kita Eiji , Kuroiwa Takuya , Yanagihara Hideto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Herein, dynamic hysteresis loops of Fe3O4 suspension were investigated at different amplitudes of AC magnetic field (AMF) with simultaneously applied parallel DC magnetic fields (DC-MF). Consequently, the dynamic magnetization induced by a small AMF showed approximately the same gradient as that of thermal equilibrium magnetization at large DC-MF. However, the slope of the dynamic magnetization was smaller than that of thermal equilibrium value at small DC-MF. At large AMF, the addition of DC-MF caused simple shifts in the MH curves. The dynamic loop area, which is considered to be equal to the heating ability, decreased at small DC-MF and dampened the heat generation characteristics. At large AMF amplitudes, the reduction in the loop area due to the application of DC-MF was suppressed.
O LETRAMENTO VERNACULAR E O ACESSO À EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: GOMES DOS SANTOS MATOS ALEXANDRA , QUADROS CARLA DE 
Published: April 2022

RESUMO

Este artigo analisa se a democratização do acesso à escola, no Brasil, via Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, tem significado qualidade, de modo a efetivar o direito ao letramento vernacular. Por essa linha intelectiva, é mister definir o letramento vernacular, apontando como ele se aproxima e se distancia do que se denomina direitos linguísticos e reconhecendo o acesso à educação para todos como importante demarcador da concepção de língua, frente ao panorama histórico da constituição de 1988; demonstrar os dados do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Anísio Teixeira, com ênfase no Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica de 2017, via resultados dos testes de Língua Portuguesa no nono ano do ensino fundamental II da rede pública nacional e da estadual (Bahia), além do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (2017) do ensino fundamental, anos finais, das redes supramencionadas, de modo a evidenciar o nível de letramento vernacular desses alunos e, por fim, analisar a educação como meio pelo qual se viabiliza o letramento vernacular, considerando ambos como direitos humanos, de monta internacional. Para tanto, optou-se pela revisão bibliográfica, com coleta de dados nos moldes qualitativo. Na pesquisa, verifica-se que a democratização de acesso à escola não tem significado qualidade, de forma que o direito ao letramento vernacular, no exercício da prática, não é garantido para todos. Frente a essa coleta de dados e à relevância de conferir efetividade ao direito de ser letrado no próprio idioma, como mecanismo básico de sobrevivência, com dignidade, analisa-se como o direito pode se ajustar às estruturas de poder, perpetuando injustiças. Destarte, este trabalho busca contribuir no processo de superação desse paradigma desolador da educação brasileira, de forma que o ensino seja promotor da consciência cidadã em uma perspectiva, efetivamente, democrática.

Palavras-chave: Educação. Acesso. Qualidade. Letramento. Direito.
INVIABILIDADES À REALIZAÇÃO DE SESSÕES DE JULGAMENTO PELO TRIBUNAL DO JÚRI POR MEIO DE VIDEOCONFERÊNCIA
Authors: MELO LUIS FELIPE MUNIZ , ALMEIDA XAVIER THIAGO DA SILVA , DE ARGÔLLO HELVÉCIO GIUDICE 
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo tem como escopo a análise crítica da proposta que tramita no Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), no sentido de autorizar os TJs e os TRFs a adotarem procedimentos para uso de videoconferência na realização das sessões de julgamento do Tribunal do Júri, em razão das contingências geradas pela pandemia da Covid-19, a despeito das normas de princípio que guarnecem a instituição do júri, tal qual está consignado na legislação constitucional e processual vigentes, no que se refere, especificamente, à realização presencial do plenário. A análise, portanto, se resume à averiguação da possibilidade da efetivação do plenário virtual, sem tergiversação a princípios processuais constitucionais que garantem aos cidadãos o pleno exercício dos direitos consagrados no âmbito da Carta de 1988, no que diz respeito ao julgamento dos crimes dolosos contra a vida, cujo julgamento se entregou, excepcionalmente, a juízes não togados, em homenagem à soberania popular, de modo que a supressão dessas normas principiológicas, ainda que temporariamente e em razão de contingências, enseja ponderação cuidadosa sobre esse fazer, no sentido de averiguar sua (in)constitucionalidade. O tipo de pesquisa levada a efeito se caracteriza como exploratória, ante o pioneirismo do uso da tecnologia virtual para realização do plenário do Júri, não deixando de condizer com o a pesquisa do tipo que se classifica como descritiva, na medida em que com ela se presta a fazer uma análise detalhada do objeto de estudo (plenário virtual).
A REVISÃO DOS CONTRATOS EM FACE DA REDUÇÃO OU PARALISAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES EMPRESARIAIS NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA
Authors: CARMO OTAVIO AUGUSTUS , DOS ANJOS PEDRO GERMANO 
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Este artigo trata da possiblidade da revisão judicial dos contratos empresariais afetados pela pandemia diante da alteração na solvabilidade do empresário e por conta da redução ou paralisação das atividades deste. A alteração contratual com base nos arts. 317, 478, 479 e 480 do Código Civil é pensada para a hipótese de desequilíbrio das prestações entre si consideradas, enquanto caracterizador da onerosidade excessiva por alteração nas bases objetivas do negócio. O artigo faz uma equivalência entre essas duas hipóteses, considerando a alteração nas condições do devedor em solver a obrigação por conta da pandemia como uma forma de alteração das bases do negócio, o que determina a revisão com o escopo de viabilizar o adimplemento e evitar a extinção da empresa.
PALAVRAS CHAVES: Contratos empresariais. Efeitos da pandemia. Revisão judicial. Alteração na capacidade de pagamento. Preservação da empresa.
Knights and Gold Stars: A Tale of InnerSource Incentivization
Authors: Dey Tapajit , Jiang Ning (Willem) , Fitzgerald Brian 
Published: April 2022

<p>Given the success of the open source phenomenon, it is not surprising that many organizations are seeking to emulate this success by adopting open source practices internally in what is termed InnerSource. However, while open source development and InnerSource are similar in some aspects, they differ significantly on others, and thus need to be implemented and managed differently. To the best of our knowledge, there is no significant account of a successful InnerSource incentivization program. Here we describe a comprehensive InnerSource incentivization program which was implemented at Huawei. The program is based on theories of motivation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, and also includes incentives at the individual, project, and divisional level, which helps to overcome the barriers that arise when implementing InnerSource. The program has had very impressive early results, leading to significant increases in the number of InnerSource projects, contributors, departments, and lines of code contributed. </p>
Global, Continental, and Regional Development Agendas – What Does It Mean to Domesticate or Localise These?
Authors: Lusanda Batala  
Published: April 2022

The domestication of regional, continental and global development agendas can be confusing, leading to one concluding that these are either an addition to or a replacing of, a country's national development plan. What do these various development agendas mean for a country like South Africa versus the country's domestic development focus as espoused in the National Development Plan (NDP)? What does domestication of the various agendas mean? The key idea to note here is that domestication is not about replacing a country's development agenda with a regional or continental or global development agenda. What is important is to ensure that there is alignment of the domestic plan (objectives, priorities) with those of the rest of the world, the continent and the region. Global, continental and regional agendas are not separate programmes. They are part of the National Development Plan. South Africa's implementation of its own development plan indirectly implements other development agendas.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and its Effects on Public Service Delivery in South Africa
Authors: Layton-Matthews Samantha , Landsberg Chris 
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has added a new dimension to change and has been exponential in its development. It is important to understand its effects in various environments, particularly the opportunities and challenges it bringsto public sector functioning, where there needs to be a greater drive towards innovative service delivery. This article explores 4IR within the context of public sector service delivery, focusing on South Africa as a developmental nation. It examines technologicaladvancements of 4IR in line with some of the aims of local government, particularly in its mandate to be more responsive and effective in its service delivery. It also establishes how 4IR platforms are being adopted for effective citizen engagement, which is an essentialgoal of service delivery within the sphere of local government. It examines some of the gaps that need to be addressed around the essential practicalities required to integrate 4IR effectively and explores the readiness of the general public sector environment torespond to the demands of 4IR. Key factors regarding what is needed to create a more enabling environment for local government service delivery and its prevalent developmental constraints are also discussed.
Magnesium in aging and aging-related disease
Authors: Zou Zhiguo , Lu Qifan , Wang Yifan , Gao Xing , Zhu Xinye , Lu Xiyuan , Pu Jun 
Published: April 2022

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential divalent cation in human body. Its balance is tightly controlled via a balanced interplay among intestinal absorption, storage, and renal excretion, involving multiple transporters across cell membrane that regulate Mg2+ influx and efflux. Mg2+ is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as enzymatic reactions, energy metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In particular, Mg2+ contributes to the molecular hallmarks of aging. Emerging evidence demonstrates that altered Mg2+ status has been associated with many aging-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, musculoskeletal function, metabolic syndrome, and COVID-19. In this review, we focus on Mg2+ and its association with molecular hallmarks of aging. We also summarize recent findings supporting an important role of Mg2+ in aging-related disease including the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hsa_circ_0002111/miR-557/DUSP14 axis mediates euthyrox-resistance in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhou Jing , Liu Jing , Ma Weiyuan , Zhao Pengxin 
Published: April 2022

As one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), euthyrox affects the therapeutic outcome due to the resistance of euthyrox. Hsa_circ_0002111 is highly expressed in euthyrox-resistant PTC patients, and this study intends to explore its role in euthyrox drug resistance. PTC patient samples were used to screen for Circ_0002111 expression. TPC-1 and K1 PTC cell lines and their corresponding euthyrox-resistant cell lines (TPC-1/euthyrox and K1/euthyrox), and a benign human thyroid follicular cell line (Nthy-ori 3-1) were used in in vitro experiments. Circ_0002111 was knocked down in euthyrox-resistant cell lines, and cell viability and colony formation were detected. Caspase-3 activity assay and nucleosomal fragmentation assay were used for the detection of apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay and biotin-labeled RNA pulldown assay were used to analyze interactions between Circ_0002111 and miR-557, or miR-557 and DUSP14. The upregulation of Circ_0002111 was found in PTC patient samples and associated with euthyrox-resistance in poor prognosis of PTC patients. Experiments in cell lines showed that Circ_0002111 regulates euthyrox-resistance in PTC cells. Mechanistic studies showed that Circ_0002111 promoted DUSP14 expression through miR-557, and euthyrox-resistance in PTC cells depended on the regulation via miR-557/DUSP14 signaling pathways. In conclusion, Hsa_circ_0002111 promotes euthyrox-resistance of PTC cells by adsorption miR-557 upregulation, suggesting Circ_0002111 might be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for euthyrox-resistant PTC patients.
Maximal Sets of $k$-Spaces Pairwise Intersecting in at Least a $(k-2)$-Space
Authors: D'haeseleer Jozefien , Longobardi Giovanni , Riet Ago-Erik , Storme Leo 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we analyze the structure of maximal sets of $k$-dimensional spaces in $\mathrm{PG}(n,q)$ pairwise intersecting in at least a $(k-2)$-dimensional space, for $3 \leq k\leq n-2$. We give an overview of the largest examples of these sets with size more than $f(k,q)=\max\{3q^4+6q^3+5q^2+q+1,\theta_{k+1}+q^4+2q^3+3q^2\}$.
Treewidth of the Generalized Kneser Graphs
Authors: Liu Ke , Cao Mengyu , Lu Mei 
Published: April 2022

Let $n$, $k$ and $t$ be integers with $1\leq t< k \leq n$. The generalized Kneser graph $K(n,k,t)$ is a graph whose vertices are the $k$-subsets of a fixed $n$-set, where two $k$-subsets $A$ and $B$ are adjacent if $|A\cap B|<t$. The graph $K(n,k,1)$ is the well-known Kneser graph. In 2014, Harvey and Wood determined the exact treewidth of the Kneser graphs for large $n$ with respect to $k$. In this paper, we give the exact treewidth of the generalized Kneser graphs for $t\geq2$ and large $n$ with respect to $k$ and $t$. In the special case when $t=k-1$, the graph $K(n,k,k-1)$ usually denoted by $\overline{J(n,k)}$ which is the complement of the Johnson graph $J(n,k)$. We give a more precise result for the exact value of the treewidth of $\overline{J(n,k)}$ for any $n$ and $k$.
Online measurement of learning temporal statistical structure in categorization tasks
Authors: Sáringer Szabolcs , Fehér Ágnes , Sáry Gyula , Kaposvári Péter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ability to grasp relevant patterns from a continuous stream of environmental information is called statistical learning. Although the representations that emerge during visual statistical learning (VSL) are well characterized, little is known about how they are formed. We developed a sensitive behavioral design to characterize the VSL trajectory during ongoing task performance. In sequential categorization tasks, we assessed two previously identified VSL markers: priming of the second predictable image in a pair manifested by a reduced reaction time (RT) and greater accuracy, and the anticipatory effect on the first image revealed by a longer RT. First, in Experiment 1A, we used an adapted paradigm and replicated these VSL markers; however, they appeared to be confounded by motor learning. Next, in Experiment 1B, we confirmed the confounding influence of motor learning. To assess VSL without motor learning, in Experiment 2 we (1) simplified the categorization task, (2) raised the number of subjects and image repetitions, and (3) increased the number of single unpaired images. Using linear mixed-effect modeling and estimated marginal means of linear trends, we found that the RT curves differed significantly between predictable paired and control single images. Further, the VSL curve fitted a logarithmic model, suggesting a rapid learning process. These results suggest that our paradigm in Experiment 2 seems to be a viable online tool to monitor the behavioral correlates of unsupervised implicit VSL.
An attentional limbo: Saccades become momentarily non-selective in between saliency-driven and relevance-driven selection
Authors: van Heusden Elle , van Zoest Wieske , Donk Mieke , Olivers Christian N. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman vision involves selectively directing the eyes to potential objects of interest. According to most prominent theories, selection is the quantal outcome of an ongoing competition between saliency-driven signals on the one hand, and relevance-driven signals on the other, with both types of signals continuously and concurrently projecting onto a common priority map. Here, we challenge this view. We asked participants to make a speeded eye movement towards a target orientation, which was presented together with a non-target of opposing tilt. In addition to the difference in relevance, the target and non-target also differed in saliency, with the target being either more or less salient than the non-target. We demonstrate that saliency- and relevance-driven eye movements have highly idiosyncratic temporal profiles, with saliency-driven eye movements occurring rapidly after display onset while relevance-driven eye movements occur only later. Remarkably, these types of eye movements can be fully separated in time: We find that around 250 ms after display onset, eye movements are no longer driven by saliency differences between potential targets, but also not yet driven by relevance information, resulting in a period of non-selectivity, which we refer to as the attentional limbo. Binomial modeling further confirmed that visual selection is not necessarily the outcome of a direct battle between saliency- and relevance-driven signals. Instead, selection reflects the dynamic changes in the underlying saliency- and relevance-driven processes themselves, and the time at which an action is initiated then determines which of the two will emerge as the driving force of behavior.