bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Inequality in Dropout from Higher Education in Germany. Towards Combining the Student Integration Model and Rational Choice Theory
Authors: Müller Lars , Klein Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudents from a lower socioeconomic background have a higher risk of dropping out of higher education. The underlying mechanisms of this association between socioeconomic background and higher education dropout are not well understood. Previous research in higher education has followed Tinto’s model of academic and social integration to explain dropout but has largely neglected social inequality therein. In contrast, social stratification research draws on rational choice theory to explain social inequality in educational attainment but has rarely been applied to explain dropout from higher education. In our paper, we combine these two strands of research. Utilizing data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we draw on a largescale, representative sample of students in Germany to quantify the relative contribution of each theoretical approach for explaining social inequality in dropout from higher education. Binary logistic regression models reveal that both students’ integration and costs-benefit considerations are associated with their dropout risk net of each other. While academic and social integration appears to better predict dropout, rational choice theory accounts for a larger proportion of social inequality therein. We conclude that combining Tinto’s model and rational choice theory provides a more comprehensive perspective of dropouts from higher education and social inequality therein.
Single-molecule DNA sequencing using two-dimensional Ti2C(OH)2 MXene nanopores: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Prasongkit Jariyanee , Jungthawan Sirichok , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Scheicher Ralph H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNanopore-based devices have provided exciting opportunities to develop affordable label-free DNA sequencing platforms. Over a decade ago, graphene has been proposed as a two-dimensional (2D) nanopore membrane in order to achieve single-base resolution. However, it was experimentally revealed that clogging of the graphene nanopore can occur due to the hydrophobic nature of graphene, thus hindering the translocation of DNA. To overcome this problem, the exploration of alternative 2D materials has gained considerable interest over the last decade. Here we show that a Ti2C-based MXene nanopore functionalized by hydroxyl groups (−OH) exhibits transverse conductance properties that allow for the distinction between all four naturally occurring DNA bases. We have used a combination of density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function method to sample over multiple orientations of the nucleotides in the nanopore, as generated from molecular dynamics simulations. The conductance variation resulting from sweeping an applied gate voltage demonstrates that the Ti2C-based MXene nanopore possesses high potential to rapidly and reliably sequence DNA. Our findings open the door to further theoretical and experimental explorations of MXene nanopores as a promising 2D material for nanopore-based DNA sensing.
Low risk of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection in patients with liver disease admitted to a hepatology unit at an academic hospital: A single-center experience
Authors: Toniutto Pierluigi , D’Aurizio Federica , Cmet Sara , Cussigh Annarosa , Falleti Edmondo , Fabris Carlo , Sartor Emma , Fornasiere Ezio , Fumolo Elisa , Bitetto Davide , Curcio Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with liver disease may be at increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to immune dysfunction. However, the risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether patients with liver disease are at an increased risk of nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon admission to the hospital for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Methods
The study prospectively enrolled 143 patients who were admitted at least once to the hepatology unit at our hospital; 95 patients (66%) were admitted at least twice during the study period. History of past symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 exposure was assessed on the day before hospital admission via an interview. Patients were evaluated for active SARS-CoV-2 infection via real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on nasopharyngeal swabs and tests for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.

Results
None of the patients enrolled tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR at the first or the second clinical evaluation. One patient who had previously received a liver transplant and who had a history of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred 4 months before hospital admission tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG but not IgM antibodies at each of the two hospital admissions.

Conclusions
The results of our study suggest that patients with liver disease are at no increased risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data support the policy of maintaining clinical hospital checks that will be necessary until or possibly even after the completion of the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign.
Anaerobic activation of microorganisms indigenous to oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery
Authors: Du Chun’an , Lin Junzhang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrobial enhanced oil recovery focuses on the activation, isolation, and screening of aerobic functional bacteria. Air injection is required to activate aerobic microorganisms for use in indigenous microbe oil displacement technology. In practice, however, oil reservoirs are oxygen-free, as the oxygen in the air is rapidly consumed by reducing substances and aerobic microorganisms attached to the water injection well at the front end of the reservoir. In the reservoir, most of the microorganisms metabolize anaerobically, and they are concentrated in the area where the residual oil collects in the rear of the facility. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors such as electron acceptors, activator components, and activator concentrations that influence anaerobic metabolism in indigenous microorganisms. Core flooding tests and field trials were conducted to evaluate the anaerobic microbial activation efficiency. The organic nitrogen source in the activator was crucial to anaerobic bacterial metabolism. Yeast powder was the preferred nitrogen source, and other optimal operating parameters included a C/N ratio of 20:1 and an activator concentration of 3 g·L−1. Under these conditions, the anaerobic emulsification index surpassed 90%. Core flooding tests demonstrated that microbial enhancement may provide up to 13.5% oil recovery. A total of 3471.15 BBLs of oil was recovered by injecting anaerobic activator into the Zhan3-15 well, and emulsified oil droplets were detected in the fluid. The results of this study could provide technical support for the practical anaerobic activation of reservoir microorganisms and the improvement of microbial enhanced oil recovery.
Intravesicale onabotulinumtoxine-A-injecties bij therapieresistente kinderen met een niet-neurogene overactieve blaas
Authors: Lambregts Annemarth P. , Nieuwhof-Leppink Anka J. , Klijn Aart J. , Schroeder Rogier P. J. 
Published: June 2022

SamenvattingEen overactieve blaas (OAB) met urine-incontinentie heeft een grote impact op dagelijkse activiteiten en kwaliteit van leven van de patiënt. Intravesicale onabotulinumtoxine‑A (BTX-A)-injecties zijn succesvol bij de behandeling van de neurogene blaas en bieden mogelijk ook een oplossing voor de behandeling van therapieresistente OAB bij kinderen. In dit onderzoek werden 50 kinderen (41 jongens) met een gemiddelde leeftijd van 9,9 jaar geïncludeerd. Op de korte termijn nam het functionele blaasvolume (FVB) na de eerste behandeling met BTX‑A significant toe. Op de korte (< 6 maanden) en lange termijn (6–12 maanden) verbeterde de incontinentie met 72 respectievelijk 46%. Mannelijk geslacht en een klein FBV op baseline zijn voorspellers voor een positieve uitkomst op continentie op de lange termijn. Bij therapieresistente OAB-kinderen zijn BTX-A-injecties veilig en effectief voor het vergroten van het blaasvolume en het verminderen van symptomen van een overactieve blaas, vooral in de eerste zes maanden na injectie.
On some new generalized fractional inequalities for twice differentiable functions
Authors: Budak Hüseyin , Yavuz Melike , Kara Hasan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we establish an identity involving Sarikaya fractional integrals for twice differentiable functions. We obtain some new generalized fractional inequalities for the functions whose second derivatives in absolute value are convex by utilizing obtained equality. Utilizing the new inequalities obtained, some new inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals and k-Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals are obtained. In addition, some of these results generalize ones obtained in earlier works.
Sexual Health During COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Toldam Nana Ernst , Graugaard Christian , Meyer Rikke , Thomsen Louise , Dreier Sabine , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Giraldi Annamaria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted profoundly on the wellbeing and social interactions of the world population, and all dimensions of sexual health were potentially affected by globally implemented preventive measures.ObjectivesThe scoping review aimed to compile existing research investigating possible effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on adult sexual health, that is, sexual behavior, functioning, and satisfaction. Further, studies on the interplay between mental health and sexual well-being during the pandemic were reviewed.MethodsThe review was conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. On October 11–12, 2021, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Cochrane, Sociological Abstracts and Scopus were systematically searched for relevant peer-reviewed papers employing quantitative methodology. Additionally, unpublished (“grey”) research studies on the subject were retrieved. The screening, data extraction, and analysis of evidence were conducted by 4 independent reviewers using an iterative approach.ResultsBased on 107 studies included, the scoping review showed that the pandemic had had a wide impact on all dimensions of sexual health. Except for solo sex activities, mainly negative COVID-19 implications were identified, although findings were, in sum, characterized by complexity and unpredictability. Thus, sexual behavior, functioning, and satisfaction during the pandemic appeared to be mitigated by a broad range of sociodemographic and contextual factors. Finally, sexual health seemed deeply entwined with overall mental health.ConclusionThe scoping review revealed a broad range of COVID-19-related effects on sexual health, including an overall decline in partnered sex and a concurrent increase in solo sex activities. It also emphasized a need for future research to shed light on possible long-term consequences of the pandemic in various population groups and on all aspects of sexual health.
Design and Preparation of Mass Production System for Protective Items in the European Union for the Case of Serious Pandemics
Authors: Babaqi Tareq , Al-Natoor Suhad R. , Vizvári Béla 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The European Union (EU) responded to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with a long time lag. The response was made on the level of the member states. There was no institution at the EU level that could assist the member states. Italy but other states as well, needed Chinese help. This highlights 2 points. First, the EU is vulnerable. Second, eastern Asia reacted faster to the new demand on the market and introduced effective technology for the mask production. A robust method is needed to overcome the shortage of protective items in the future.

Methods:
This method is based on producing the demand within the EU states as the first priority to reduce the reliance from external sources like China that can be competitive and unreliable. This research suggests preventive measures that can make the EU safer. A system for the production of simple protective items is designed.

Results:
A relatively small number of factories with high capacities are enough to serve the whole EU in a robust way. The calculation of the optimal selection of locations is fast and easy.

Conclusions:
The suggested system will make the EU more secure during pandemics. The presented calculations show that the establishment of the system is feasible.
K-stability of Fano varieties via admissible flags
Authors: Abban Hamid , Zhuang Ziquan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We develop a general approach to prove K-stability of Fano varieties. The new theory is used to (a) prove the existence of Kähler-Einstein metrics on all smooth Fano hypersurfaces of Fano index two, (b) compute the stability thresholds for hypersurfaces at generalised Eckardt points and for cubic surfaces at all points, and (c) provide a new algebraic proof of Tian’s criterion for K-stability, amongst other applications.
Using Conjoint Experiments to Analyze Election Outcomes: The Essential Role of the Average Marginal Component Effect
Authors: Bansak Kirk , Hainmueller Jens , Hopkins Daniel J. , Yamamoto Teppei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolitical scientists have increasingly deployed conjoint survey experiments to understand multidimensional choices in various settings. In this paper, we show that the average marginal component effect (AMCE) constitutes an aggregation of individual-level preferences that is meaningful both theoretically and empirically. First, extending previous results to allow for arbitrary randomization distributions, we show how the AMCE represents a summary of voters’ multidimensional preferences that combines directionality and intensity according to a probabilistic generalization of the Borda rule. We demonstrate why incorporating both the directionality and intensity of multi-attribute preferences is essential for analyzing real-world elections, in which ceteris paribus comparisons almost never occur. Second, and in further empirical support of this point, we show how this aggregation translates directly into a primary quantity of interest to election scholars: the effect of a change in an attribute on a candidate’s or party’s expected vote share. These properties hold irrespective of the heterogeneity, strength, or interactivity of voters’ preferences and regardless of how votes are aggregated into seats. Finally, we propose, formalize, and evaluate the feasibility of using conjoint data to estimate alternative quantities of interest to electoral studies, including the effect of an attribute on the probability of winning.
Fish–parasite interaction networks reveal latitudinal and taxonomic trends in the structure of host–parasite associations
Authors: Poulin Robert , McDougall Cameron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, treating host–parasite associations as bipartite interaction networks has proven a powerful tool to identify structural patterns and their likely causes in communities of fish and their parasites. Network analysis allows for both community-level properties to be computed and investigated, and species-level roles to be determined. Here, using data from 31 host–parasite interaction networks from local fish communities around the world, we test for latitudinal trends at whole-network level, and taxonomic patterns at individual parasite species level. We found that while controlling for network size (number of species per network), network modularity, or the tendency for the network to be subdivided into groups of species that interact mostly with each other, decreased with increasing latitude. This suggests that tropical fish–parasite networks may be more stable than those from temperate regions in the event of community perturbations, such as species extinction. At the species level, after accounting for the effect of host specificity, we observed no difference in the centrality of parasite species within networks between parasites with different transmission modes. However, species in some taxa, namely branchiurans, acanthocephalans and larval trematodes, generally had higher centrality values than other parasite taxa. Because species with a central position often serve as module connectors, these 3 taxa may play a key role in whole-network cohesion. Our results highlight the usefulness of network analysis to reveal the aspects of fish–parasite community interactions that would otherwise remain hidden and advance our understanding of their evolution.
Concurrent changes in nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide thoughts and behaviors
Authors: Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. , Brausch Amy M. , Littlefield Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a risk factor for suicide, yet how changes in NSSI engagement relate to suicide ideation, planning, and attempts remains largely unknown. The current study aims to fill this gap by examining how changes in NSSI frequency over time related to concurrent changes in suicide thoughts and behaviors.MethodsData came from a sample of 403 self-injuring young adults who completed assessments of NSSI and suicide thoughts and behaviors at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Bivariate latent growth modeling, adjusting for covariates of lifetime NSSI frequency and treatment status, was used to examine the extent to which changes in NSSI frequency related to suicide ideation and suicide planning.ResultsThe frequency of NSSI declined across the study period. The slopes of NSSI and suicide ideation were significantly correlated, suggesting individuals with sharper declines in NSSI across time also showed sharper declines in suicide ideation. The intercepts between NSSI and suicide planning were significantly correlated, suggesting those with high NSSI frequency at baseline tended to report higher suicide planning across time. After covariate adjustment, the intercept of suicide planning marginally (p = 0.08) correlated with the slope of NSSI, tentatively suggesting that those who had less reductions in NSSI tended to have higher frequencies of suicide planning.ConclusionThese results provide new evidence that changes in NSSI are related to subsequent changes in suicide thoughts and behaviors. Monitoring suicide risk among those with NSSI is important and treatment aiming to reduce NSSI may also reduce suicide risk.
The global tree: Forests and the possibility of a multispecies IR
Authors: Fishel Stefanie R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForest ecosystems are crucial to survival on Earth. This article argues that trees and forests are both vital components of a healthy Earth system and productive examples for expanding International Relations’ disciplinary boundaries. The article discusses the forest in three contexts: the global, the (post)colonial, and from the tree itself. From tree planting as a practice of social and environmental justice, to postcolonial and Indigenous science and knowledge, to the mycorrhizal ‘wood wide web’, a focus on trees, forests, and biosphere opens the possibility for a multispecies IR. Through a consideration of trees and forests in law, treaty, culture, and science at the local and global level, this article adds to a growing literature in IR that strives to bring the non-human, more-than-human, or other-than-human creatively and productively into the discipline. Foregrounding the forest's materiality and trees’ symbolic power for human cultures opens important pathways to understanding how the non-human is, and should, alter and affect global politics.
Never fail to surveil! Transcatheter closure of recurrent atrial septal defect secondary to patch degradation in a young boy
Authors: Veeraraghavan Sriram , Kidambi Bharath Raj , Pandurangan Narendhiran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report a case of a 16-year-old boy with symptomatic recurrent atrial septal defect due to patch degradation of an autologous pericardial patch, done 10 years back. He successfully underwent transcatheter closure of the recurrent defect after meticulous assessment of patch rims for stability.
Electoral systems and ideological voting
Authors: Riera Pedro , Cantú Francisco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectoral systems affect vote choice. While a vast literature studies this relationship by examining aggregate-level patterns and focussing on the interparty dimension of electoral rules, the convenience of analyzing this phenomenon by emphasizing the role played by the incentives to cultivate a personal vote generated by the system and matching voters with the party they vote for has been traditionally overlooked. In this article, we offer new evidence that documents the impact of the intraparty dimension of electoral systems on the levels of ideological voting registered in a democracy. Using spatial models of politics and employing data from the five waves of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, we find that ideological voting in proportional representation systems is higher when lists are either closed or flexible. Moreover, the results suggest that this effect is slightly amplified in the case of high numbers of district-level candidates.
In‐Situ Observation of Storm‐Induced Wave‐Supported Fluid Mud Occurrence in the Subaqueous Yellow River Delta
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Lu Yang , Yu Heyu , Ma Lukuan , Li Xingyu , Li Weijia , Zhang Hong , Bian Changwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo relatively comprehensive and long‐term observation campaigns of bottom sediment dynamics have been conducted at the subaqueous Yellow River delta in the winters of 2016 and 2018. High suspended sediment concentration (SSC) up to 10 g/L were observed in 2016 and active events of wave‐supported fluid mud (WSFM) were found to exist at the abandoned river delta during storms in 2018. A set of calibrated optical backscatter sensors measured the near‐bed SSC >30 g/L with a maximum WSFM thickness >60 cm. WSFMs emerging at the abandoned river delta were classified into three types: single‐peak, multi‐peak, and hybrid according to the time‐varying characteristics of WSFMs. The dominant factors triggering the WSFM generation and dissipation are storm‐wave actions and tidal effects, with limited contribution from current‐induced turbulence. In this study, several lines of evidence were put forward to prove the presence of seabed liquefaction to a depth of 10–16 cm, and thus we can infer that another significant factor enhancing the WSFM thickness scale may be wave‐induced liquefaction. Observations showed obvious signs of WSFM motion, or in other words, wave‐supported gravity flow (WSGF) moved downslope. The downslope velocity (around 1.9 cm/s) was estimated by solving a buoyancy‐friction force balance. This study observed frequent WSFM events at the abandoned Yellow River delta for the first time and demonstrates the need to attach more concerns about its roles in sediment transport and offshore engineering in the future.