bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation in mass dog vaccination campaigns in Tanzania: Benefits of community engagement
Authors: Duamor Christian Tetteh , Lankester Felix , Mpolya Emmanuel , Ferguson Elaine A. , Johnson Paul CD. , Wyke Sally , Cleaveland Sarah , Hampson Katie , Kreppel Katharina 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCanine rabies causes about 59,000 human deaths each year globally but the disease can be eliminated by sustaining sufficient dog vaccination coverage over several consecutive years. A challenge to achieving high coverage is low participation of dog owners in vaccination campaigns. We explored whether and how previously identified contributory factors to low participation can be addressed through community engagement activities.MethodsWe engaged communities in two wards in Tanzania on dog behavior and handling, safe ways of interacting with dogs, and their perceptions of dog vaccination. We shared and elicited information from them through village meetings, video screenings, posters and leaflets and involved the leadership of one of the wards in planning and implementing a dog vaccination exercise to explore the feasibility of their participation. We assessed the impact of engagement activities with household surveys, meeting reports, observations and focus group discussions. We used a generalized linear mixed-effects model to identify predictors of knowledge and perceptions and compared knowledge amongst respondents before and after engagement activities. Qualitative data was analyzed inductively to explore perceptions of dog handling and vaccination and feasibility, opportunities and barriers to community leadership participation in organizing mass dog vaccination.Main findingsKnowledge of dog behavior, dog handling, and safe ways of interacting with dogs was positively associated with age (p &lt; 0.0001), dog ownership (p = 0.0203), training (p = 0.0010) and previous experience of a dog bite (p = 0.0002); and was negatively associated with being afraid of dogs (p = 0.0061) and participation in a recent dog vaccination campaign (p = 0.0077). Knowledge was low before and significantly improved after engagement activities. The majority (92%) of respondents believed dog vaccination has no negative effects on dogs. Respondents perceived lack of bonding with their dog as a limitation to the ability to restrain a dog for vaccination. The community performed most roles assigned to them in the dog vaccination exercise, but barriers such as lack of motivation for volunteering exist.ConclusionEngaging communities regularly on dog vaccination can improve their knowledge of dog behavior and dog handling techniques, and may help improve owner participation in dog vaccination campaigns.
Factors associated with COVID-19 stigma during the onset of the global pandemic in India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Adhikari Tulsi , Aggarwal Sumit , Nair Saritha , Joshi Aparna , Diwan Vishal , Stephen A. , Devi K. Rekha , Kumar Mishra Bijaya , Yadav Girijesh Kumar , Bangar Sampada Dipak , Sahu Damodar , Yadav Jeetendra , Ovung Senthanro , Gulati Bal Kishan , Sharma Saurabh , Singh Charan , Duggal Chetna , Sharma Moina , Ujagare Dhammasagar , Padmakar Chinchore Sneha , Rebecca Pricilla B. , Rani S. , Selvaraj Pradeep , Xavier Gladston G. , Peter Vanessa , Watson Basilea , Kannan T. , Asmathulla K. S. Md. , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Palo Subrata Kumar , Kanungo Srikanta , Kumar Behera Ajit , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Zaman Kamran , Misra Brij Ranjan , Kumar Niraj , Behera Sthita Pragnya , Singh Rajeev , Narain Kanwar , Kant Rajni , Sahay Seema , Tiwari Rajnarayan R. , Thomas Beena Elizabeth , Rao M. Vishnu Vardhana 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo assess factors associated with COVID-19 stigmatizing attitudes in the community and stigma experiences of COVID-19 recovered individuals during first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 18 districts located in 7 States in India during September 2020 to January 2021 among adults &gt; 18 years of age selected through systematic random sampling. Data on socio demographic and COVID-19 knowledge were collected from 303 COVID-19 recovered and 1,976 non-COVID-19 infected individuals from community using a survey questionnaire. Stigma was assessed using COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale developed for the study. Informed consent was sought from the participants. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were conducted.ResultsHalf of the participants (51.3%) from the community reported prevalence of severe stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 infected while 38.6% of COVID-19 recovered participants reported experiencing severe stigma. Participants from the community were more likely to report stigmatizing attitudes toward COVID-19 infected if they were residents of high prevalent COVID-19 zone (AOR: 1.5; CI: 1.2–1.9), staying in rural areas (AOR: 1.5; CI:1.1–1.9), belonged to the age group of 18–30 years (AOR: 1.6; CI 1.2–2.0), were male (AOR: 1.6; CI: 1.3–1.9), illiterate (AOR: 2.7; CI: 1.8–4.2), or living in Maharashtra (AOR: 7.4; CI: 4.8–11.3). COVID-19 recovered participants had higher odds of experiencing stigma if they had poor knowledge about COVID-19 transmission (AOR: 2.8; CI: 1.3–6.3), were staying for 6–15 years (AOR: 3.24; CI: 1.1–9.4) in the current place of residence or belonged to Delhi (AOR: 5.3; CI: 1.04–26.7).ConclusionFindings indicated presence of stigmatizing attitudes in the community as well as experienced stigma among COVID-19 recovered across selected study sites in India during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Study recommends timely dissemination of factual information to populations vulnerable to misinformation and psychosocial interventions for individuals affected by stigma.
The relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: A cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Ding Yifei , Chen Lanshuang , Zhang Zhen 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study examined the mutual effects of social participation and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Chinese adults from offline and online perspectives. Reciprocal relationships between depressive symptoms and the four subtypes of offline participation were also examined.MethodsBased on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study data (CHARLS), this study conducted ID matching for three waves of data from 2013, 2015, and 2018. One thousand nine hundred ninety-nine samples for individuals over 50 were obtained. A series of cross-lagged analyses were conducted to examine the mutual influence of social participation and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). The social participation questionnaire included nine items referring to offline participation (eight items) and online participation (one item). Several demographic variables were adjusted when conducting the cross-lagged analyses.ResultsSocial and offline participation had significant two-way associations with depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms had greater impacts on social and offline participation than in the opposite direction. Online participation has a significant one-way impact on depressive symptoms. The relationship between specific types of offline participation and depressive symptoms varied in existence and direction.DiscussionOverall, there was significant bidirectional causality between social participation and depressive symptoms. Social participation, both offline and online, played a positive role in alleviating depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms also affected the level of social participation to some extent among middle-aged and older Chinese adults over time.
Expecting, understanding, relating, and interacting-older, middle-aged and younger adults’ perspectives on breakdown situations in human–robot dialogues
Authors: Tewari Maitreyee , Lindgren Helena 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to explore how older, middle aged and younger adults perceive breakdown situations caused by lack of or inconsistent knowledge, sudden focus shifts, and conflicting intentions in dialogues between a human and a socially intelligent robot in a home environment, and how they perceive strategies to manage breakdown situations.Methods:Scenarios embedding dialogues on health-related topics were constructed based on activity-theoretical and argumentation frameworks. Different reasons for breakdown situations and strategies to handle these were embedded. The scenarios were recorded in a Wizard-of-Oz setup, with a human actor and a Nao robot. Twenty participants between 23 and 72 years of age viewed the recordings and participated in semi-structured interviews conducted remotely. Data were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis.Results:Four themes relating to breakdown situations emerged:expecting,understanding,relating, andinteracting. The themes span complex human activity at different complementary levels and provide further developed understanding of breakdown situations in human–robot interaction (HRI). Older and middle-aged adults emphasized emphatic behavior and adherence to social norms, while younger adults focused on functional aspects such as gaze, response time, and length of utterances. A hierarchical taxonomy of aspects relating to breakdown situations was formed, and design implications are provided, guiding future research.Conclusion:We conclude that a socially intelligent robot agent needs strategies to 1) construct and manage its understanding related to emotions of the human, social norms, knowledge, and motive on a higher level of meaningful human activity, 2) act accordingly, for instance, adhering to transparent social roles, and 3) resolve conflicting motives, and identify reasons to prevent and manage breakdown situations at different levels of collaborative activity. Furthermore, the novel methodology to frame the dynamics of human–robot dialogues in complex activities using Activity Theory and argumentation theory was instrumental in this work and will guide the future work on tailoring the robot’s behavior.
Case Report: Giant cell-rich osteosarcoma of the cervical spine in the pediatric age. A rare entity to consider
Authors: Egea-Gámez Rosa M. , Galán-Olleros María , González-Menocal Alfonso , González-Díaz Rafael 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAlthough osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, its location in the axial skeleton is rare, particularly at the cervical spine. Early diagnosis, together with multidisciplinary management, improves survival rates. Safe resection and stable reconstruction are complicated by the particular anatomy of the cervical spine, which raises the risks.Case PresentationA 12-year-old male patient presented with cervical pain for several months and a recent weight loss of 3 kg. The complementary workup revealed a large destructive bone lesion in C7 with vertebral body collapse, subluxation, partial involvement of C6 and T1, large associated anteroposterior soft tissue components, and spinal canal narrowing. A biopsy suggested giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO). After 10 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection was performed through a double approach: anterior, for tumoral mass resection from C6-7 vertebral bodies and reconstruction placing a mesh cage filled with iliac crest allograft plus anterior plate fixation; and posterior, for C7 complete and C6 partial posterior arch resection, thus completing a total piecemeal spondylectomy preserving the dura intact, added to a C5-T3 posterior fusion with screws and transitional rods. Postoperative chemo and radiotherapy were administered. Clinical and radiological follow-up showed disease-free survival and no neurological involvement at 3 years.ConclusionAn extensive review of the literature did not find any published cases of GCRO of the cervical spine in pediatric patients. This can be explained by the combination of three peculiar conditions: its location at the cervical spine region, the young age, and the GCRO variant.
Association between minimally invasive surgery and late seizures in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Lin Jiahe , Lin Ru , Li Xianxian , Ye Jiahe , Wang Yuchen , Zhang Beining , Chen Xinling , Wang Xinshi , Huang Shanshan , Zhu Suiqiang 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe association between minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hematoma evacuation and late seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether MIS increases the risk of late seizures after ICH and identify the risk factors for late seizures in this patient subgroup.MethodsWe retrospectively included consecutive inpatients diagnosed with ICH at two tertiary hospitals in China. The subjects were divided into the MIS group (ICH patients who received MIS including hematoma aspiration and thrombolysis) and conservative treatment group (ICH patients who received conservative medication). Propensity score matching was performed to balance possible risk factors for late seizures between the MIS and conservative treatment groups. Before and after matching, between-group comparisons of the incidence of late seizures were performed between the MIS and conservative treatment groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for late seizures in MIS-treated patients.ResultsA total of 241 and 1,689 patients were eligible for the MIS and conservative treatment groups, respectively. After matching, 161 ICH patients from the MIS group were successfully matched with 161 ICH patients from the conservative treatment group (1:1). Significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) were found between the MIS group (31/241, 12.9%) and conservative treatment group (69/1689, 4.1%) in the incidence of late seizures before matching. However, after matching, no significant differences (p = 0.854) were found between the MIS group (17/161, 10.6%) and conservative treatment group (16/161, 9.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cortical involvement (OR = 2.547; 95% CI = 1.137–5.705; p value = 0.023) and higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (OR = 1.050; 95% CI = 1.008–1.094; p value = 0.019) were independent risk factors for late seizures.ConclusionOur study revealed that receiving MIS did not increase the incidence of late seizures after ICH. Additionally, cortical involvement and NIHSS scores were independent risk factors for late seizures in MIS-treated patients.
Survivorship of the retained femoral component after revision total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Hua , Zhuang Tengfeng , Wu Wenrui , Gan Wenyi , Wu Chongjie , Peng Sijun , Huan Songwei , Liu Ning 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate re-revision rates of retained femoral components after revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsPapers were searched in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases with predetermined keywords from January 2000 to January 2022. The studies reporting the re-revision rates of retained stems after revision THA were identified. Pooled rates of re-revision for any reason and aseptic loosening were calculated using a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model based on the results of heterogeneity assessment after the Freeman–Tukey double-arcsine transformation. A meta-regression was performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsThere were 20 studies with 1,484 hips that received the isolated cup revision with the femoral component retained. The pooled re-revision rate of retained stems was 1.75% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43%–3.65%]. The re-revision rate of retained stems due to aseptic loosening was 0.62% (95% CI, 0.06%–1.55%). The meta-regression showed that the fixation type (cemented or cementless) was related to the re-revision rate for any reason and the re-revision rate for aseptic loosening.ConclusionBased on the existing evidence, the isolated cup revision with a stable stem in situ yields low re-revision rates. The cement status of retained stems may influence the survivorship of stems.
Learning Machine Learning with a Game
Authors: Lürig Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AIs playing strategic games have always fascinated humans. Specifically, the reinforcement learning technique Alpha Zero (D.Silver, 2016) has gained much attention for its capability to play Go, which was hard to crack problem for AI for a long time. Additionally, we see the rise of explainable AI (xAI), which tries to address the problem that many modern AI decision techniques are black-box approaches and incomprehensible to humans. Combining a board game AI for the relatively simple game Connect-Four with explanation techniques offers the possibility of learning something about an AI's inner workings and the game itself. This paper explains how to combine an Alpha-Zero-based AI with known explanation techniques used in supervised learning. Additionally, we combine this with known visualization approaches for trees. Alpha-Zero combines a neuronal network and a Monte-Carlo-Search-Tree. The approach we present in this paper focuses on two explanations. The first explanation is a dynamic analysis of the evolving situation, primarily based on the tree aspect, and works with a radial tree representation (Yee et al., 2001). The second explanation is a static analysis that tries to identify the relevant situation elements using the Lime (Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanations) approach (Christoforos Anagnostopoulos, 2020). This technique focuses primarily on the neuronal network aspect. The straightforward application of Lime towards the Monte-Carlo-Search-Tree approach would be too compute-intensive for interactive applications. We suggest a modification to accommodate search trees and sacrifice the model agnosticism specifically. We use a weighted Lasso-based approach on the different board constellations analyzed in the search tree by the neuronal network to get a final static explanation of the situation. Finally, we visually interpret the resulting linear weights from the Lasso analysis on the game board. The implementation is done in Python using the PyGame library for visualization and interaction implementation. We implemented the neuronal networks with PyTorch and the Lasso analysis with Scikit Learn. This paper provides implementation details on an experimental approach to learning something about a game and how machines learn to play a game.
Toward a learning game on Computational Thinking Driven by Competencies
Authors: KANAAN Malak , MAILLOS Sébastien , MURATET Mathieu 
Published: October 2022

There are many learning games related to the theme of programming and computational thinking (CT) that exist nowadays. However, the main problem currently in France is that teachers lack training to teach K-12 learners to modern computer concepts. Teachers understand the competencies of referential but are not comfortable with and don’t know how to develop teaching sessions for these competencies. Our proposition is: a learning game (LG) driven by competencies will assist teachers to develop teaching sessions with learners. Our main objective is to help teachers to appropriate learning games on CT. To do this, we conducted an analysis based on the PIAF (Pensée informatique et Algorithmique dans l’enseignement Fondamental - Computational Thinking in primary school) reference framework which aims at developing CT in elementary school. It lists a set of competencies related to the development of algorithmic thinking in fundamental education. We chose to analyse three existing learning games on CT with this framework. We selected these three learning games ("Blockly Maze", "Compute-it" and "Kodu") from 48 learning games identified on CT. These analyses show that many competencies aren’t present in the games. Then we study how to link the PIAF framework in a LG. We work on the learning game named SPY in which the player has to program an agent to escape a maze. Our contribution for this paper is double: (1) an analysis of existing learning games and (2) propositions how to express PIAF competencies in gameplay features.
Training team creativity with Lego Serious Play: Upside and downside of team diversity
Authors: STEL Frans , Van den Berg Peter 
Published: October 2022

We trained 40 teams using Lego Serious Play (LSP), a facilitated workshop method in which the aspects of visual­ization, com­mitment, fun and shared storytelling are used. LSP improves open and participatory communication, collaborative learning and intuitive imagination and reduced ‘free ridership’ in innovation teams; it was easier to achieve a ‘train of thought’ or ‘flow’ within a team. LSP is a promising creativity method, although its effi­cacy is influenced by conditions. Teams can enhance or disrupt creative performance. Different mindsets within creative teams may lead to a broader pallet of new per­spectives in the ideation phase of inno­vation in which divergent thinking is important to explore novel viewpoints. However, diversity may lead to relationship conflicts in a team. We address the dilemma of achieving synergistic benefits from team diversity while managing negative interpersonal tensions between heterogeneous team members in relation to motivational aspects and team climate and summarize this in a significant three-path mediation model. We found a highly significant path with team performance of team diversity, com­mitment, and ‘voice’ (i.e. the extent to which team members are encouraged to express their views in the team). Team diversity has a potentially upside effect on creative performance, as well as a practical down­side effect: it can be a source of interpersonal tension and intergroup biases and consequently less commitment leading to a less open team climate, resulting in lower team performance.
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ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HIGH PINE PLANTATIONS IN THE SUBTAIGA FOREST-STEPPE REGION OF CENTRAL SIBERIA
Authors: Vays Andrey , Mihaylov Pavel , Melnik Alexandra , Chanchikova Svetlana , Gerasimova Olga , Anuev Evgeniy , Nepovinnykh Artem 
Published: October 2022

Forest ecosystems, in particular pine plantations, are currently experiencing a complex of negative factors that
affect both the condition of plantations and their growth indicators. The purpose of the study was to determine the condition and productivity of suburban pine forests of Krasnoyarsk, as well as statistical regression assessment of carbon
concentration in the growing, dying and dried part of the forest stands. The object of research is pine forests of natural
origin of Karaulnoe area forestry of experimental forestry of M.F. Reshetnev Siberian State University, located in the
suburban area of Krasnoyarsk. Evaluation of sanitary category of pine forests allowed to state mainly "weakened" their
condition. Regression analysis ascertained a reliable one-coefficient linear relationship between the carbon of different
parts of pine forests and the supply of trunk wood and the completeness of forest stands. In this case, when predicting
the carbon of the deadwood part of the stand, it must be divided into two parts: caused by external influences (forest
fires, the stage of obsolescence, phyto-pathological conditions) more than 20 tS*ha-1 and caused by natural fall-off to 20
tS*ha-1. As a result, it was found that in high-density, dense pine forests of the subtaiga forest-steppe region of Middle
Siberia, the stability of pine forests is due to a complex of factors: age structure (when the active phase of growth in
plantations is terminated, indicators of vitality decrease); completeness (high density worsens the condition of trees);
stock (growth of the number of trunk wood per unit area contributes to an increase in the drying part of the pine stand);
climatic conditions (an increase in temperature during the growing season and a decrease in the amount of precipitation).