bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initialization of metaheuristics: comprehensive review, critical analysis, and research directions
Authors: Sarhani Malek , Voß Stefan , Jovanovic Raka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInitialization of metaheuristics is a crucial topic that lacks a comprehensive and systematic review of the state of the art. Providing such a review requires in‐depth study and knowledge of the advances and challenges in the broader field of metaheuristics, especially with regard to diversification strategies, in order to assess the proposed methods and provide insights for initialization. Motivated by the aforementioned research gap, we provide a related review and begin by describing the main metaheuristic methods and their diversification mechanisms. Then, we review and analyze the existing initialization approaches while proposing a new categorization of them. Next, we focus on challenging optimization problems, namely constrained and discrete optimization. Lastly, we give insights on the initialization of local search approaches.
Bioactive core–shell structure of TiC/TiO2/SrCO3 coating on carbon black particles for bone tissue formation: Fabrication, characterization, and biological functions
Authors: Soe Hnin Nandar , Meesane Jirut , Kokoo Rungrote , Khangkhamano Matthana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough carbon‐based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon dots, have attracted much attention for bone tissue regeneration and engineering due to the advantages of being lightweight, mechanical stability, and remarkable ability for bone repair, their toxicity and dispersity are the most concern and greatly limiting their clinical uses. In this article, the surface modification of carbon black particles based on core–shell structure design as a promising candidate material for bone tissue engineering applications is presented. TiC/TiO2/SrCO3‐coated carbon black particles were prepared via molten salt synthesis and hydrothermal process at various temperatures to study the effects of temperature on crystal structure, morphologies, surface wettability, and biological functions. Phase composition, morphologies, and elemental distributions were studied by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscope, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, respectively. Cell proliferation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium deposition were also investigated. The investigation showed that the reaction temperature played an important role in the crystallinity, phase formation, nanotopography, and biological functions of the particles. The particles treated at 250°C offered favored surface properties of roughness, composition, crystallite size, and wettability for cell adhesion, proliferation, ALP activity, and calcium deposition. As a result, these bioactive core–shell particles would be a promising filler material for bone tissue engineering applications.
Liquid‐phase sintering of ZrO2‐based nanocrystalline glass–ceramics achieved by multielement co‐doping
Authors: Fu Le , Wang Bohan , Deng Ying , Xu Guofu , Huang Jiwu , Engqvist Håkan , Xia Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiquid‐phase sintering (LPS) is an effective pathway to assist the densification of ceramics. However, it has seldom been used to densify glass–ceramics. In the present study, a multielement co‐doping strategy has been utilized to achieve LPS of a ZrO2–SiO2 nanocrystalline glass–ceramic. Compared with undoped samples densified by solid‐state sintering, doping of equimolar Al, Y, and Ca promoted the densification of the glass–ceramic at lower temperatures with a faster densification rate. Ternary doping enhanced coarsening of ZrO2 nanocrystallites during sintering and annealing. The distribution of dopants was carefully observed with X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectrometry technique in scanning electron transmission microscopy mode. Results showed that the three dopants showed different distribution behaviors. After sintering, Y dopants were predominately distributed in ZrO2 nanocrystallites, whereas parts of Al and Ca dopants were distributed in ZrO2 nanocrystallites and part of them co‐segregated at the ZrO2/SiO2 heterointerfaces. Meanwhile, the segregation of Ca dopant at some intergranular films among ZrO2 nanocrystallites was observed. Redistribution of dopants did not occur during annealing.
Lesson learned from the pandemic for learning physics
Authors: Al‐Zohbi Gaydaa , Pilotti Maura A. E. , Barghout Kamal , Elmoussa Omar , Abdelsalam Hanadi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundValuable safeguards against fast‐spreading conjectures about learning in times of fear and uncertainty are evidence‐based approaches to the assessment of the impact of sudden and unforeseen disruptions on learning practices. The present research focused on physics learning in such times because conceptual and computational literacy in physics is critical to the development of a scientifically and technologically literate society.ObjectivesThe present research aimed (a) to offer an objective assessment of whether performance differences in a physics course of the general education curriculum existed between the face‐to‐face medium (familiar mode of instruction) and the online medium (unfamiliar mode of instruction) for both male and female students, and then (b) to develop a response to the evidence collected to ensure a quality education for all parties involved. The research intended to fill two critical gaps in the extant literature: mixed findings concerning students' performance in the face‐to‐face and online mediums as well as scarce coverage of specific domains of knowledge that are critical to STEM learners.MethodsStudents' performance was examined as a function of the type of assessment (formative and summative), instructional mode (online and face‐to‐face), and gender. An understudied student population of STEM students of Middle Eastern descent without prior formal exposure to online instruction was targeted.Results and ConclusionsIn both formative and summative assessments, male students performed better online than face‐to‐face, whereas the performance of female students was either higher online or equivalent between instructional mediums. The evidence collected suggested that consideration be given to remedies that foster academic success in the face‐to‐face instructional medium, particularly for male students.TakeawaysAn evidence‐based approach to learning dismantled emotion‐driven expectations regarding the impact of the online medium on physics learning, and encouraged new perspectives about instruction.
Measuring the Uncertainty of Imputed Scores
Authors: Sinharay Sandip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTechnical difficulties and other unforeseen events occasionally lead to incomplete data on educational tests, which necessitates the reporting of imputed scores to some examinees. While there exist several approaches for reporting imputed scores, there is a lack of any guidance on the reporting of the uncertainty of imputed scores. In this paper, several approaches are suggested for quantifying the uncertainty of imputed scores using measures that are similar in spirit to estimates of reliability and standard error of measurement. A simulation study is performed to examine the properties of the approaches. The approaches are then applied to data from a state test on which some examinees' scores had to be imputed following computer problems. Several recommendations are made for practice.
A systematic review of measurement methods used to estimate fluid and beverage intake in free‐living, working‐age adults
Authors: Rogerson Georgia , Whelan Megan , Gibson Rachel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeverage intake in employees is important to quantify due to the potential of dehydration to increase the risk of errors and reduced work performance. This systematic review aimed to (1) characterise existing fluid intake measurement tools used in the workplace setting or among free‐living, healthy adults of working age and (2) report the current validation status of available assessment tools for use in a UK setting.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched for publications measuring beverage intake using a defined tool or method. Additional studies were identified by hand from trial registers, grey literature and reference lists. Eligibility was determined using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology framework. Narrative synthesis was performed.ResultsThe review identified 105 studies. The most frequently reported beverage assessment methods were total diet diaries/records (n = 22), fluid specific diaries/records (n = 18), food and fluid frequency questionnaires (n = 17), beverage‐specific frequency questionnaires (n = 23) and diet recalls (n = 11). General dietary measurement tools (measuring beverages as part of total diet) were used in 60 studies, and 45 studies used a beverage‐specific tool. This review identified 18 distinct dietary assessment tools, of which 6 were fluid/beverage specific. Twelve tools published relative validity for a beverage‐related variable and seven tools for total daily fluid intake (from whole diet or from beverages only).ConclusionsSeveral fluid intake assessment tools were identified; however, few have been fully evaluated for total beverage intake, and none in a UK working population.
Extending the diversity conversation: Fashion consumption experiences of underrepresented and underserved women
Authors: Cavusoglu Lena , Atik Deniz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research brings in the voice of underserved and underrepresented women of various racial or ethnic origins and social classes, who have differing buying powers, sexual orientations, body shapes, and physical appearances, into the conversation of fashion diversity. Through a qualitative inquiry with 38 semi‐structured in‐depth interviews, the researchers analyzed the consumption experiences of diverse women to expose what the fashion scene is lacking. The study's main contribution is the depiction of overlooked diversity categories in fashion, such as the non‐White and non‐Black women of color, women of average sizes, and women with characteristics that the fashion industry has long seen as flaws. For women's physical and psychological well‐being, the authors of this study hope to lead fashion producers and researchers into a new era of diversity and minimize certain consumer groups' exclusion through discrimination, isolation, and segregation.
Conceptualizing maternal and paternal autonomy support and control among adolescents in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Tracy K. Y. , Konishi Chiaki , Liu Xuedi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examined how parental autonomy support and control are conceptualized by adolescents in Hong Kong (Grades 7–11) using the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale. Competitive models were evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses. Although the 6‐factor model demonstrated the best fit, further analyses indicated that a second‐order structure was more appropriate. Provision of choice, acknowledgment of child's feelings, rationale for rules, and demands subsumed under autonomy support. Guilt‐inducing criticisms and the use of threats subsumed under control. Performance pressure emerged as a first‐order construct on its own. Measurement invariance was evident across adolescent gender and age. All subscales had adequate to strong reliability. Discriminate validity was evident. Findings offer insights into the conceptualization of autonomy support and control in Hong Kong.
Boosting Bilingual Metalinguistic Awareness Under Dual Language Activation: Some Implications for Bilingual Education
Authors: Torregrossa Jacopo , Eisenbeiß Sonja , Bongartz Christiane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMost studies on bilingual children's metalinguistic awareness assess metalinguistic awareness using monolingual tasks. This may not reflect how a bilingual's languages dynamically interact with each other in creating metalinguistic representations. We tested 33 Greek–Italian bilingual children (8–11 years) for metalinguistic awareness using acceptability‐rating tasks in which they had to judge and explain grammatical errors. The tasks were in monolingual and bilingual modes in order to show how far metalinguistic awareness in Italian benefited from the activation of Greek. The participants exhibited better metalinguistic awareness abilities in Italian in the bilingual acceptability‐rating task in which Greek was activated. The benefits of the bilingual mode were visible in the judgment and explanation of errors and were modulated by syntactic processing abilities in Italian, length of exposure to Italian, type of structure, and age. The results show that metalinguistic awareness can be shared across languages. We discuss the pedagogical implications of our findings.
The role of opioid transmission in music‐induced pleasure
Authors: Mas‐Herrero Ernest , Ferreri Laura , Cardona Gemma , Zatorre Robert J. , Pla‐Juncà Francesc , Antonijoan Rosa María , Riba Jordi , Valle Marta , Rodriguez‐Fornells Antoni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudies conducted in rodents indicate a crucial role of the opioid circuit in mediating objective hedonic reactions to primary rewards. However, it remains unclear whether opioid transmission is also essential to experience pleasure with more abstract rewards, such as music. We addressed this question using a double‐blind within‐subject pharmacological design in which opioid levels were up‐ and downregulated by administering an opioid agonist (oxycodone) and antagonist (naltrexone), respectively, before healthy participants (n = 21) listened to music. Participants also performed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task to control for the effectiveness of the treatment and the specificity of the effects. Our results revealed that the pharmacological intervention did not modulate subjective reports of pleasure, nor the occurrence of chills. On the contrary, psychophysiological (objective) measures of emotional arousal, such as skin conductance responses (SCRs), were bidirectionally modulated in both the music and MID tasks. This modulation specifically occurred during reward consumption, with greater pleasure‐related SCR following oxycodone than naltrexone. These findings indicate that opioid transmission does not modulate subjective evaluations but rather affects objective reward‐related psychophysiological responses. These findings raise new caveats about the role of the opioidergic system in the modulation of pleasure for more abstract or cognitive forms of rewarding experiences, such as music.
Intramedullary Nail for Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fracture: A Credible Fixation in Comminuted Calcar
Authors: Fu Huichao , Wu Jianhong , Wu Xiaoming 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveRestoration of the medial support is especially important for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The objective of this study was to investigate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of intramedullary nail fixation with a special focus on the presence of calcar comminution.MethodsIn this retrospective study of patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures that were treated by intramedullary nail between January 2018 and July 2021, fracture morphology and the calcar integrity were noted on preoperative radiographs. Patients were divided into two groups according to calcar integrity. During follow‐up, radiological assessment and functional outcome, including the deltoid tuberosity index (DTI), neck shaft angle (NSA), visual analog scale (VAS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) score, active and passive range of motion, were performed. A Student t‐test and univariate logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsA total of 83 patients (54 female, 29 male) had complete follow‐up (average, 12.8 months; range, 10 to 33 months) and functional assessment in our study. The average age was 58.6 years (range, 20 to 89 years). The mean loss of NSA was 4° (range, 0°–12°) and no significant difference was found between two groups (p = 0.27). DTI had an average of 1.50 ± 0.19 (range 1.13–2.04). Patients with intact calcar achieved greater range of forward elevation (129.06 ± 11.91 vs. 121.05 ± 11.97, p = 0.01), and higher SST scores (8.61 ± 1.85 vs. 7.37 ± 2.22, p = 0.02). Two groups showed similar outcomes in VAS, ASES score, and range of abduction. One patient demonstrated a proximal interlocking screw cutting through and osteonecrosis of the humeral head, who underwent a second surgery for screw removal. There were no cases of infection, malunion, nonunion, nerve injury, subacromial impingement, or rotator cuff tear during the study period.ConclusionIntramedullary nail can favorably be used to manage proximal humeral fractures with good early radiographic and functional outcomes, even for those with comminuted calcar.
Comparative Study between Caspar Cervical Retractor System and Traditional S Retractor in Application on Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fixation
Authors: Wang Lianlei , Qiu Cheng , Tian Yonghao , Su Junxiao , Li Hao , Ma Zhihao , Yuan Suomao , Liu Xinyu 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveAlthough Caspar cervical retractor system (CCRS) is commonly utilized in anterior cervical decompression and fixation (ACDF), most urban hospitals still use both traditional S retractor and CCRS in conventional anterior cervical surgeries. Related data to evaluate the effect are required to be reported. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy between using the traditional cervical S retractor and CCRS in anterior cervical decompression and fixation ACDF.MethodsThe retrospective study that total 360 patients received ACDF using different retractors (traditional S retractor or CCRS) were enrolled in this study from January 2010 to January 2020. Width change rate of cervical prevertebral soft tissue, throat symptoms, and subjective experiences of the operating surgeons were evaluated by t‐test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) respectively.ResultsThe width change rate of prevertebral soft tissue was significantly higher in the S retractor group than that of the CCRS group both in single segment group (40.9% vs 20.8%, P < 0.05) and double segments group (45.8% vs 25.2%; p < 0.05). In the three segments group, the width change rate of prevertebral soft tissue was higher in the S retractor group than that of the CCRS group, but with no statistical significance (27.3% vs 23.6%; P > 0.05). The incidence rates of dysphagia, dyspnea, and throat discomfort in the traditional S retractor group were significantly higher compared to the CCRS group (P < 0.05), while satisfactory rate of surgeon was higher in the CCRS group (P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between anterior soft tissue rate and operative time (P > 0.05), as well as the width change rate of anterior soft tissue and the DNRS score (P > 0.05).ConclusionCCRS was superior compared to the traditional S retractor in reducing the postoperative complications and the postoperative fatigue of surgeon. Meanwhile, the width change rate of prevertebral soft tissue was not related to operative time and DNRS score.
Designed networks and the emergence of self‐organizing interlocal learning network: Evidence from Chinese cities
Authors: Yi Hongtao , Liu Weixing , Ma Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSelf‐organizing networks and designed networks are important subjects of network research, but the extant literature explores them in isolation, with limited attention paid to their relationship. And many studies on self‐organizing and designed networks are based on Western contexts. This article expands the network literature through analyzing the influence of designed networks on the formation of self‐organizing interlocal learning network in the context of China. Based on the interlocal learning network of 21 cities in Guangdong province from 2015 to 2018, we find that the connections embedded in the designed networks; including counterpart‐assistance network and leadership transfer network, significantly facilitate the emergence of self‐organizing networks. The findings contribute to the literature by corroborating the nuanced influences of designed networks on self‐organizing network formation.
From big data to higher bureaucratic capacity: Poverty alleviation in China
Authors: Zhu Jiangnan , Xiao Hanyu , Wu Bin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study explores how big data technologies can create an “information commons” shared by all policy stakeholders to alleviate the corruption and information asymmetries long endemic to poverty alleviation programs. We argue that the information commons can transform discrete data first into information with clear policy purposes and then into actionable knowledge. This process increases bureaucratic competence by improving policy accuracy and the efficiency of bureaucratic coordination and augments bureaucratic reliability by facilitating the investigation and prevention of corruption. We substantiate our propositions through extensive field interviews with officials and citizens in a Chinese province that is using China's first monitoring platform powered by big data technology to implement anti‐poverty policies. Our study illustrates the importance of data–information–knowledge chains in improving governance.
Aggressions and associations: How workplace violence affects what public employees think of citizens
Authors: Liegat Marlen C. , Hensel David , Vogel Dominik , Vogel Rick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractScholars have recently spent growing attention to what public employees think of citizens, which influences policy implementation through more manifest attitudes and behaviors. The origins of employees' positive and negative associations with citizens have, however, not been examined thus far. This study draws attention to workplace aggression as critical incidents in state‐citizen encounters and examines the traces they leave in employees' subsequent thinking about citizens. Building on social cognition and affective events theory, we hypothesize that the more severe the aggressive incidents have been, the more negative employees' associations with citizens become. Results of a free association task confirm this assumption. Type of work and the gender of the employees moderate the relationship between aggressions and associations. The findings raise awareness for the significance of workplace aggression and provide an outline and agenda of a socio‐cognitive theory of public employees' associative thinking about citizens.
Symmetric relations, symmetric theories, and Pythagrapheanism
Authors: Button Tim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is a metaphysical orthodoxy that interesting non‐symmetric relations cannot be reduced to symmetric ones. This orthodoxy is wrong. I show this by exploring the expressive power of symmetric theories, i.e. theories which use only symmetric predicates. Such theories are powerful enough to raise the possibility of Pythagrapheanism, i.e. the possibility that the world is just a vast, unlabelled, undirected graph.