bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Nursing Care of a Deceased Donor Tracheal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Illuzzi Ella , Wells Celia , Hackett Anna , Ricco Darlene , Haran Anne , Gittens Christal , Sevillano Maria , Castro Meryl , Develleres Eva , Ramos Mardisa Samson , Zhang Ziya , Oropello John , Kohli-Seth Roopa 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Certain airway disorders, such as tracheal stenosis, can severely affect the ability to breathe, reduce quality of life, and increase morbidity and mortality. Treatment options for long-segment tracheal stenosis include multistage tracheal replacement with biosynthetic material, autotransplantation, and allotransplantation. These interventions have not demonstrated long-term dependable results because of lack of adequate blood supply to the organ and ciliated epithelium. A new transplant program featuring single-stage long-segment tracheal transplant addresses this concern.

Clinical Findings
The patient was a 56-year-old woman with a history of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver sarcoidosis, 105-pack-year smoking history, and asthma. A severe asthma exacerbation in 2014 required prolonged intubation, and she subsequently developed long-segment cricotracheal stenosis. In 2015 she underwent an unsuccessful tracheal resection followed by failed attempts at tracheal stenting and dilation procedures. These attempts at stenting resulted in a permanent extended-length tracheostomy and ultimately ventilator dependency.

Interventions
The patient underwent a single-stage long-segment deceased donor tracheal transplant. Important nursing considerations included hemodynamic monitoring, airway management and securement, graft assessment, stoma and wound care, nutrition, medication administration, and patient education.

Conclusion
High-quality nursing care postoperatively in the intensive care unit is critical to safe and effective treatment of the tracheal transplant recipient and success of the graft. To effectively treat these patients, nurses need relevant education and training. This article is the first documentation of postoperative nursing care following single-stage long-segment tracheal transplant.
Association of Variant rs7903146(c/t) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Transcription Factor 7-like 2 Gene with Newly Detected Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Ranjan Asha , Agrawal Neeraj Kumar , Budhwar Snehil , Ranjan Varsha 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene has a significant role in hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) risk. The current study was planned with the aim to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7903146 in patients of newly detected HIP among Indian population of northern region.

Methods:
This study was an observational case control study done among newly detected HIP (The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, 2013) and healthy pregnant females without diabetes. Participants from both the group were genotyped for rs7903146 (C/T) variant of TCF7L2 gene using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique.

Results:
A total of 71 cases of newly detected HIP were included in the study, out of which 25 (35.2%) of them were of first-time detected diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (DIP) and 46 (64.7%) were of gestational diabetes (GDM) and 100 were pregnant females without diabetes in third trimester were enrolled as controls. Average age of participants in the case group was 28.7 ± 4.0 years and the control group were 26.5 ± 3.6 years (P value 0.09). The wild homozygous CC genotype, heterozygous CT genotype and homozygous TT genotype were present in 39.4%, 53.5%, 7.1% of case group vs 53%, 43% and 4% of control group, respectively. No significant association of rs7903146(C/T) SNP of TCF7L2 gene in HIP (CC/CT, CC/TT P value 0.15, 0.38, respectively) in our population was found. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between DIP and GDM.

Conclusion:
This study shows no evidence of association of rs7903146(C/T) SNP of TCF7L2 gene with newly detected HIP in our population.
Risk factors for gallbladder cancer development in northern India: A gallstones-matched, case–control study
Authors: Mishra Kumudesh , Behari Anu , Shukla Pooja , Tsuchiya Yasuo , Endoh Kazuo , Asai Takao , Ikoma Toshikazu , Nakamura Kazutoshi , Kapoor Vinay Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
A high incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) is observed in northern India. This study was aimed to identify the factors involved in developing GBC in this region.

Methods:
A gallstones-matched, case–control study was conducted in northern India. Ninety nine patients with GBC and gallstones (33 men and 66 women, mean age of 51.4 yr) comprised the case group, while 99 patients with cholelithiasis (40 men and 59 women, mean age of 45.7 yr) comprised the control group. All participants were interviewed to complete 183 questionnaire items that included 105 food items. Potential risk factors were identified using a multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex. Significant risk factors were identified using a stepwise logistic-regression analysis.

Results:
Age (≥50 yr), education (illiterate), socioeconomic status (≤below poverty line), bowel habits (≤once a day), hypertension history, hypotensive drug use, non-vegetarian diet, use of firewood for cooking, tap water drinking, hand pump water drinking and high consumption of coffee and sweets were identified as the potential risk factors. In women, factors included menarche (<13 yr), number of pregnancies (≥3 pregnancies) and parity (≥3 babies). Of these factors, age, education, bowel habits, tap water drinking and multiple pregnancy and/or multiparity were identified as significant risk factors, whereas a high consumption of coffee and sweets or hypotensive drug use and/or hypertension history were protective factors.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Poor bowel habits and drinking unsafe water appear to be the main risk factors for developing GBC. These are, however, modifiable factors which are capable of decreasing the risk of GBC in the north Indian population.
Spirometry-based prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease & associated factors among community-dwelling rural elderly
Authors: Kumar Alok , Kaur Ravneet , Hadda Vijay , Mani Kalaivani , Nongkynrih Baridalyne , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Kant Shashi 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem in India. Its magnitude is particularly high among the elderly. Old age and comorbidity may lead to misdiagnosis and under treatment of this condition. COPD is not curable; however, various forms of treatment can help control symptoms and improve the quality of life. Most of the earlier studies lacked uniformity in definitions, designs, methodology and reporting techniques. Studies based on spirometry are only a few. Understanding the current prevalence and associated factors of COPD is important for planning control strategies. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of COPD and associated factors among the elderly.

Methods:
In this community-based study among 449 elderly persons in a rural area, information regarding socio-demographic details, selected health conditions and exposure to risk factors was recorded. The assessment of airway obstruction was done by using a portable spirometer (MIR Spirolab). The diagnosis of COPD was based on the GOLD criteria. The association of COPD with sociodemographic and other variables was analysed by the multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Acceptable spirometry findings were available for 392 (87.3%) participants. The prevalence of COPD was 42.9 per cent (95% confidence interval 37.9-47.7%). The prevalence was 54.5 per cent among men and 33.4 per cent among women. Smoking, higher age group and low body mass index were significantly associated with COPD.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The prevalence of COPD was found to be high among the rural elderly in this study. Interventions aimed at cessation of smoking and preparedness of health systems for diagnosis and management of COPD are hence required.
Clinicopathological study of annexin A5 & apelin in pre-eclamptic placentae with emphasis on foetal outcome
Authors: Dasgupta Senjuti , Maity Priyanka , Banerjee Uma , Mukhopadhyay Partha , Saha Saswata , Das Biplab 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
Pre-eclampsia has remained an elusive disease with serious impacts on both maternal and foetal health. Two novel markers, annexin A5 (ANXA5) and apelin are currently of considerable interest. The present study aimed to determine the placental expression of ANXA5 and apelin in pre-eclamptic placentae and also to elucidate if there is any correlation between the expression of these markers and the clinical features of both, mother and neonate. The comparison between gross and histopathological features of pre-eclamptic placentae and controls was another objective.

Methods:
A prospective, observational study was undertaken for one year. Placentae of pre-eclamptic patients and matched controls (matched for age, ethnic and socio-economic background) were collected along with the clinical data. Gross and histopathological analyses were done and immunohistochemical study of placental sections with ANXA5 and apelin was also undertaken.

Results:
79 pre-eclamptic patients and equal numbers of matched controls were included in the study. The difference in weight and dimensions of placentae between the pre-eclampsia group and matched controls was significant. Histopathological features noted in the pre-eclamptic placentae included decidual vasculopathy, infarction, perivillous fibrin deposition, increased syncytial knots and distal villous hypoplasia. There was a significant reduction in the expression of both ANXA5 and apelin in pre-eclamptic placentae compared to controls. Among pre-eclamptic patients, the intensity of ANXA5 and apelin expression showed a significant association with respect to neonatal resuscitation. Furthermore, the intensity of apelin showed expression a significant correlation with the requirement of sick neonatal care unit treatment.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of the present study suggest that both ANXA5 and apelin levels are reduced in pre-eclamptic placentae. Hence, it is recommended to further explore the impact of these markers on pregnancy outcomes by undertaking randomized controlled trials.
In vitro evaluation of antibiotic synergy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates
Authors: Goel Anku , Gupta Varsha , Singhal Lipika , Palta Sanjeev , Chander Jagdish 
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:
The prevalence of severe infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains has increased worldwide. With rising resistance to polymyxins, the treatment has become challenging. Given the paucity of novel agents and limited data on combination therapy for CRKP, the present study was performed to test antibiotic combinations, for synergy against clinical isolates of CRKP.

Methods:
A total of 50 clinical isolates of CRKP were included. Modified carbapenem inactivation method was performed for the detection of carbapenemases. In vitro synergy testing was done for the following combinations: meropenem+colistin, imipenem+tigecycline and polymyxin B+levofloxacin. It was performed with epsilometric test and microdilution checkerboard method. The time kill assay (TKA) was used to confirm the results. The fractional inhibitory concentration was also calculated.

Results:
All CRKP isolates (100%) were ESBL producers and were completely resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and tetracycline was 96, 88 and 54 per cent, respectively. Overall, 78 (39/50) and 88 per cent (44/50) of the 50 CRKP isolates exhibited synergy by TKA for meropenem-colistin and imipenem-tigecycline, respectively. No synergy was detected for levofloxacin-polymyxin B combination. The best combination among the three was that of imipenem and tigecycline followed by meropenem-colistin.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Of the three combinations tested, imipenem and tigecycline followed by meropenem-colistin were found to be best. No synergy was detected for levofloxacin-polymyxin B combination.
A 1-Year Study on the Usage of Psychiatry Helpline Number – 9108919025
Authors: Javed Janisar , Kakunje Anil 
Published: June 2022

Background:
To facilitate contact with mental health professionals (MHP), mental health centers are implementing early intervention programs with innovative strategies such as 24 h helpline services. The aim of the present study is to describe the usage of the 24 h psychiatry helpline number – 9108919025.

Materials and Methods:
This is a 1-year retrospective study which was conducted after the Institutional Ethical Committee clearance from May 14, 2019, to May 13, 2020, about the usage and utility of a free psychiatry helpline which is run by the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The helpline is available 24 h a day and 7 days a week, with trained MHP receiving the calls. The helpline caters to any emergencies related to emotional, psychological issues, and psychiatric illness.

Results:
The majority of the callers were males (57.2%) compared to female callers (42.8%). The common reason for approaching the helpline was psychosocial issues (46.3%) followed by inquiries related to psychiatric services (37.4%) and drug prescriptions (14.2%). Stress (52.1%) was the most common psychosocial issue faced by the callers followed by depression (11.7%) and interpersonal relationship conflicts (9.5%). Students with stress issues (41%) were the most common age group which approached the helpline followed by adults with work-related stress issues (26%).

Conclusion:
In Indian scenarios, where mental health services are spread unequally, helplines are a faster efficient, cost-effective, easy, stigma free system for helping people with mental illness, educating the public, and for information dissemination about psychiatric disorders.
Effect of antiretroviral therapy on cardiac risk markers in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Gupta Pulin Kumar , Tyagi Saurabh , Sheoran Ankita , Jain Princi , Koner Sai Kiran , Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Khura Jayanti 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Chronic HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are the major causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and mortality in HIV patients. This study was conducted to look upon the effect of ART on CVD risk markers in patients on different ART regimens and ART-naïve patients.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional, observational study done on 120 HIV-infected patients. CV risk markers were assessed and correlated with disease-specific factors within individual subgroups differentiated as Group A (ART naïve), Group B (first-line ART), and Group C (second-line ART). Carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were done to classify cases as having CVD.

Results:
CVD risk parameters were found to be significantly higher in cases on ART, as compared to ART-naïve cases. The mean CIMT among cases in Group C, Group B, and Group A was 0.072 ± 0.01 cm, 0.063 ± 0.01 cm, and 0.055 ± 0.01 cm, respectively (P < 0.01). 95%, 65% and 25% cases in Group C, Group B, and Group A, respectively, had high CIMT (>0.06 cm) and were seen to be directly correlated with disease-related factors, i.e., duration of disease and ART, type of ART, and low CD4 cell counts. hsCRP was significantly increased in 65 out of total 120 cases. The mean hsCRP in Group A, Group B, and Group C was 3.69 ± 3.37, 4.21 ± 3.4, and 5.72 ± 3.54 mg/L, respectively (P < 0.01), which corresponds to the high risk of CVD.

Conclusion:
CVD risk parameters of CIMT and hsCRP are seen to be higher in patients on ART than ART-naive subjects.
Reduction in the weight, gained due to dolutegravir, following switch to bictegravir
Authors: Saple Dattatray , Save Sushrut , Powar Ishita 
Published: June 2022

Background:
HIV-infected individuals can live with the virus for decades, and the physicians have to review the long-term health implications of weight gain as they would for any other patient. Although the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) class of drugs are one of the most popular regimens used for rapid reduction and maintenance in HIV cases, the weight gain resulting from their use is concerning. The use of dolutegravir (DTG) an INSTI is observed to have a weight gain in people living with HIV. Since bictegravir is also an INSTI, it is expected to show a similar weight gain.

Objective:
This retrospective analyses the change in the weight in 22 patients, who showed a trend of increase in weight when on DTG and later when switched to bictegravir therapy showed reduction in the increased weight.

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis from our clinic (Dr. Saple's Clinic) in Mumbai from the duration of March 2018 to March 2021. Excessive weight gain was observed when the patients were on DTG therapy. The therapy was then switched to an equally potent integrase strand inhibitor bictegravir to get the benefit of efficacy of antiretroviral therapy and avoid the weight gain effect seen with DTG.

Results:
In our case review, we found results contrary to this. After 22 patients were treated on DTG for 9 to 24 months (mean 20.68 months), the baseline weight of 74.04 kg increased significantly to 84.26 kg (P < 0.05). After switching over to bictegravir for a mean period of 8 – 12 months (mean 11.72 months), this weight reduced to mean of 77.08 kg, a drop was clinically observed but was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Our finding could be the first instance were weight loss has been reported post switching the patients from DTG therapy to Bictegravir. Considering smaller patient population this outcome may need further confirmed through large group study.
Sanitary quality of reused water for irrigation in agriculture in Brazil
Authors: Handam Natasha Berendonk , Silva Ana Beatriz Loureiro Gonçalves da , Silva Rodrigo Bezerra da , Moura Priscila Gonçalves , Carvajal Elvira , Sotero-Martins Adriana , Santos José Augusto Albuquerque dos 
Published: June 2022

Reused water is produced from treated effluents, and can be an alternative source of water for agriculture. However, its quality must be assessed to avoid causing damage to human and environmental health. This study evaluated the sanitary quality (bacteriological and physicochemical) of reused water samples for agricultural irrigation, compared with those described in Brazilian and international regulations. Bacteriological analyses were performed, and the results were compared with the norm of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABNT) NBR nº 13.969/1997. Physical and chemical analyses of the reused water samples were carried out, and the results were compared with the standards described by regulations: Resolution of the State Council for the Environment of Ceará No. 2 of 2017; Resolution of the Bahia State Water Resources Council No. 75 of 2010; and “Guidelines for Water Reuse” from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - EPA. According to Brazilian regulations, bacteriological analyses showed that the "chlorinated" and "polished" samples were suitable for agriculture. However, the “biological" sample was unsuitable for use, and showed a high level of thermotolerant coliforms (25.800 CFU / mL). According to bacteriological and physical-chemical analyses, the “polished” sample was only proper for agriculture irrigation. Therefore, the work suggests the creation of federal law regarding agricultural reuse to control the sanitary quality of water for human and environmental health.
Keywords: agricultural reuse, agriculture, bacteriological and physicochemical evaluation, norms for reuse in agriculture.
Two-year Decay of Zika Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in People Living in an Endemic Region in Brazil
Authors: Magalhaes Tereza , Morais Clarice N. L. , Azevedo Elisa A. N. , Jacques Iracema J. A. A. , Castanha Priscila M. S. , Cordeiro Marli T. , Braga Cynthia , Jaenisch Thomas , Marques Ernesto T. A. , Foy Brian D. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
It is currently not clear whether humoral immunity to Zika virus (ZIKV) elicited upon natural ZIKV infection is long-lasting. In addition, cross-reactivity of anti-ZIKV antibodies with antigenically related dengue viruses (DENV) may have biological implications in nonnaive individuals who subsequently acquire a heterotypic infection. Cross-reactive humoral immunity between ZIKV and DENV also complicates the interpretation of serological tests to evaluate previous exposure to either virus. Here, we have measured the 2-year decay of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies in people living in a ZIKV/DENV endemic area in Brazil who were identified as having an acute infection (group 1) or past (but recent) infection (group 2) with ZIKV in 2015–16. The titers of neutralizing antibodies to ZIKV decreased 9.1 and 2.3 times in groups 1 and 2, respectively. We also show that the plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT) is a reliable method to measure past exposure to ZIKV in coendemic areas.
Identification of Knockdown Resistance Mutations in the Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Iran
Authors: Tiotour Mehdi , Shaddel Minoo , Aminianfar Mohammad , Mirahmadi Hadi , Barzegar Gholamreza , Solgi Rahmat , Darvishi Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
The worldwide resurgence of tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus beginning in the late 1990s has led to growing concern. Molecular data on pyrethroid resistance, which is essential for the control strategies, is unknown for C. hemipterus in Iran. The current study evaluated the deltamethrin resistance status of C. hemipterus by bioassay and molecular tests. Live bed bugs were collected from sleeping quarters (dormitories) in the city of Tehran and used for insecticide bioassay tests. For bioassay evaluation, mixed-sex pools of adult bugs were exposed to deltamethrin (0.025%)-treated paper. Polymerase chain reaction assay evaluated resistance-related mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene (VGSC) gene of studied populations. On the basis of the bioassay test within the 48-h exposure to deltamethrin, C. hemipterus were determined to be resistant. Knockdown time ratios (KR50) in the studied populations of C. hemipterus was 5.5-fold compared with those of the C. lectularius Teh strain. DNA sequencing of the VGSC gene revealed the presence of mutations at M918I and L1014 in C. hemipterus. According to the bioassay and molecular results of current study, C. hemipterus showed a high degree of pyrethroid resistance. The application of multiple approaches including physical, biological, and chemical tests should be regarded in future bed bug control strategies.