bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Relations and Military Sciences
Authors: Roennfeldt Carsten F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor all who consider war a political instrument it should be clear that the role and missions of armed forces can only be properly understood in the context of international relations whereby military professionals must have a solid understanding of this subject. This chapter reaches out to students at military and civilian educational institutions and offers a big-picture introduction to the academic field of International Relations (IR) with emphasis on military matters. It does so by presenting four major debates that highlight key questions and divergent theories and approaches that have shaped this field. The second part of the chapter relates these debates to IR’s scientific foundation in a way that can inspire current academic endeavors to develop the military sciences.
Thinking About Failing
Authors: Jancovich Leila , Stevenson David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores how academic researchers have understood the concept of failure. The chapter focuses on public policy literature to develop an understanding of the relational and contextual nature of success and failure. After a brief discussion on what we can understand by cultural policy and who has a role in its inception and delivery, this chapter considers the ways in which academics have attempted to define what policy failure constitutes and how we might identify its occurrence. This chapter also reflects upon the relationship between failure and learning. Here, we highlight that the fields of business and entrepreneurship have undertaken the most work to understand the opportunities that learning from failure can afford.
The Failures of Policy
Authors: Jancovich Leila , Stevenson David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the purpose of cultural participation policies from the perspective of those who design and deliver them. It considers whether policymakers are open to the possibility of failure, both in terms of those whom they fund but also in relation to their own work and asks whether the context within which they work may support or hinder this openness. Finally, this chapter considers the types of failure that are acknowledged and how we can address learning from these failures that do occur. Throughout this chapter, we return to Creative People and Places as an example of policy in practice to illustrate key points in our analysis.
Failing the Participant
Authors: Jancovich Leila , Stevenson David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on participants; the supposed beneficiary of cultural participation polices. We argue that literature on cultural participation too often overlooks the participants’ narratives. This chapter thus considers how the participant frames their own participation and how they define their success and failure in relation to the work that supports it. It examines this situation both in relation to work that professionals facilitate and the work of volunteers. Finally, it considers the implications of these different working styles for policymakers. Fun Palaces serves as the illustrative example of an ongoing participatory project throughout this chapter.
A Failure Framework
Authors: Jancovich Leila , Stevenson David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter synthesises the findings from our research and introduces a new framework for discussing and evaluating failure in relation to cultural participation projects and policies. In it, we argue for the importance of acknowledging that any given project or policy can succeed or fail in different facets, to different degrees, for different people, and over different timescales. We then offer some thoughts about how the policymaking process might adapt to encourage greater recognition of this complexity, including the inevitable presence of failures.
Firms’ influence on the evolution of published knowledge when a science-related technology emerges: the case of artificial intelligence
Authors: Jee Su Jung , Sohn So Young 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFirms with the assets complementary to Artificial Intelligence (AI) have actively conducted AI research and selectively published their results since AI has resurged around 2006. Focusing on the recent AI development, we investigate how and to what extent firms’ deep engagement in the publication of emerging science-related technology can influence the evolution of published knowledge. Using bibliometric analyses applied to the papers in major AI conferences and journals, we find that papers with at least one author affiliated to a firm, and particularly papers with only firm-affiliated author(s), have had higher influence on the formation of published knowledge trajectory than other papers. In addition, papers from firm and non-firm (university and public research institution) collaborations show higher novelty and conventionality than other papers. These findings deepen our understanding of the role of firms in the evolution of emerging science-related technology.
Current role of systematic biopsy in diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer in primary combined MRI-targeted biopsy: a high-volume single-center study
Authors: Krausewitz Philipp , Fostitsch Dorothea , Weiten Richard , Kluemper Niklas , Stein Johannes , Luetkens Julian , Kristiansen Glen , Ellinger Jörg , Ritter Manuel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Additive systematic biopsy (SB) contributes to prostate cancer (PCA) detection in MRI-targeted biopsy (TB). However, the reasons for this are not yet clear. We compared the performance of TB, SB and the combined approach (CB) in biopsy-naive men to determine the added value of SB for tumor grading and spatial tumor distribution.

Methods
Two hundred and fifty-nine men with PI-RADS 3–5 graded lesions who underwent CB were enrolled. Data were prospectively collected, and cancer detection rates (CDR) were compared at patient and lesion level. Gleason grade up- and down-grading from biopsy to prostatectomy specimens (n = 56; 21.6%) were determined. Clinically significant cancer (csPCA) was defined as Gleason grade ≥ 2.

Results
CDR by CB based on PI-RADS categories 3, 4 and 5 for PCA were 24%, 72% and 98% and 17%, 64% and 96% for csPCA. CB detected more PCA and csPCA than TB (p < 0.001). However, TB showed higher efficiency, defined as CDR per biopsy core, for PCA and csPCA in PI-RADS 4–5 rated patients (p < 0.001). Concordance between biopsy and prostatectomy grading was highest in CB with misdiagnosis of csPCA in 25% of men. TB missed cancer attributed to the index lesion in 10.2% and underestimated csPCA in 7%. In these cases, 76% of csPCA were detected and 85% were upgraded to csPCA by SB in adjacent sectors.

Conclusion
SB cannot be safely abundant without increased diagnostic uncertainty. When TB missed csPCA, SB detected it close to the MRI-target lesion. Therefore, perifocal biopsies could potentially replace 12-core SB with increased efficiency in taking manageable risks.
Stature estimation by semi-automatic measurements of 3D CT images of the femur
Authors: Kira Kei , Chiba Fumiko , Makino Yohsuke , Torimitsu Suguru , Yamaguchi Rutsuko , Tsuneya Shigeki , Motomura Ayumi , Yoshida Maiko , Saitoh Naoki , Inokuchi Go , Hoshioka Yumi , Saitoh Hisako , Yajima Daisuke , Iwase Hirotaro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Stature estimation is one of the most basic and important methods of personal identification. The long bones of the limbs provide the most accurate stature estimation, with the femur being one of the most useful. In all the previously reported methods of stature estimation using computed tomography (CT) images of the femur, laborious manual measurement was necessary. A semi-automatic bone measuring method can simplify this process, so we firstly reported a stature estimation process using semi-automatic bone measurement software equipped with artificial intelligence. Multiple measurements of femurs of adult Japanese cadavers were performed using automatic three-dimensional reconstructed CT images of femurs. After manually setting four points on the femur, an automatic measurement was acquired. The relationships between stature and five femoral measurements, with acceptable intraobserver and interobserver errors, were analyzed with single regression analysis using the standard error of the estimate (SEE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The maximum length of the femur (MLF) provided the lowest SEE and the highest R2; the SEE and R2 in all cadavers, males and females, respectively, were 3.913 cm (R2 = 0.842), 3.664 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.456 cm (R2 = 0.686) for MLF on the right femur, and 3.837 cm (R2 = 0.848), 3.667 cm (R2 = 0.705), and 3.384 cm (R2 = 0.699) for MLF on the left femur. These results were non-inferior to those of previous reports regarding stature estimation using the MLF. Stature estimation with this simple and time-saving method would be useful in forensic medical practice.
52 Jahre Erfahrungen mit Transidentität
Authors: Rauchfleisch Udo 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Autor gibt einen Überblick über seine 52-jährigen Erfahrungen mit transidenten Personen. Vieles hat sich im Sinne der Entpathologisierung in Diagnostik und Begleitung von transidenten Personen verändert. Nach wie vor sind transidente Personen jedoch in unserer cisheteronormativen Gesellschaft Diskriminierungen ausgesetzt und, mit zunehmender Sichtbarkeit, vermehrt Ziel von Hass und Gewalt. Insgesamt bewegt sich der Diskurs zwischen Psychotherapeut:innen und transidenten Personen stärker als früher „auf Augenhöhe“. Dennoch sind transidente Personen nach wie vor in vielfältiger Weise abhängig von Fachleuten, wenn es um die Bewilligung juristischer und körperlicher Transitionsschritte geht. In den letzten Jahren sind zwei Themen besonders aktuell geworden: die vermehrte Zahl von transidenten Kindern und Jugendlichen und das Thema Nonbinarität, obwohl beide bereits in den 1970er- und 1980er-Jahren von erwachsenen transidenten Personen erwähnt worden sind. Die Psychoanalyse hat sich erst seit Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, vor allem unter dem Einfluss der Queer Theory, ernsthaft mit der Transidentität auseinandergesetzt und hat sich in Richtung Entpathologisierung entwickelt. Dennoch sind transidente Kolleg:innen unter den psychoanalytischen Ausbildungskandidat:innen nach wie vor deutlich unterrepräsentiert.
Three age ranges of Cenozoic basaltic rocks from Lower Silesia (SW Poland) based on 40Ar/39Ar step-heating data
Authors: Pańczyk Magdalena , Nawrocki Jerzy , Aleksandrowski Paweł , Przybylski Bogusław 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe precise ages of Cenozoic basaltic rocks from 20 localities (24 samples) in south-western Poland were studied by means of the 40Ar/39Ar isotope method. Three phases of volcanic activity were identified in this area. The older, Ruphelian phase took place 31–29 Ma ago and the younger, Aquitanian phase occurred 22–21 Ma ago. Significantly younger ages (4.8–4.6 Ma: Zanclean phase) were obtained for the basalts cropping out in the vicinity of Lądek Zdrój only. Most of the analyzed basalts from the Ruphelian phase are classified as nephelinites. They occur in the area of Lausitz Masif, south of Sudetic Marginal Fault and in the Opole Depression. The volcanic rocks from the Aquitanian phase crop out in the wide area north of the Sudetic Marginal Fault. They are composed of alkali basalts. The youngest phase is represented by the basanites only. The deep discontinuous tectonic structures intersecting the areas of volcanic activity in SW Poland, parallel or oblique to the tectonic stress directions previously reconstructed for the Oligocene and Miocene in the Bohemian Massif, were most probably reactivated by an extension approximately parallel or slightly oblique to them, thus opening pathways for the migration of basaltic magma in the Sudetes and their foreland.
Predictors of five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance in patients with lumbar degenerative disease
Authors: Klukowska Anita M. , Staartjes Victor E. , Vandertop W. Peter , Schröder Marc L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5R-STS) has recently been validated as an objective measure of functional impairment in patients with lumbar degenerative disease (LDD). Knowledge of factors influencing 5R-STS performance is useful to correct for confounders, create personalized adjusted test times, and potentially identify prognostic subgroups. We evaluate factors predicting the 5R-STS performance in patients with LDD.

Methods
Patients with LDD requiring surgery were included. Each participant performed the 5R-STS and completed a questionnaire that included their age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, employment type, ability to work, analgesic drug usage, history of previous spinal surgery, and EQ5D depression and anxiety domain. Surgical indication and index level of the spinal pathology were also recorded. Predictors of 5R-STS were identified through multivariable linear regression.

Results
The cohort consisted of 240 patients, 47.9% being female (mean age, 47.7 ± 13.6 years). In the final multivariable model incorporating confounders, height (regression coefficient (RC), 0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.003/0.16, p = 0.042) and being an active smoker (RC, 2.44; 95%CI, 0.56/4.32, p = 0.012) were significant predictors of worse 5R-STS performance. Full ability to work (RC, − 2.39; 95%CI, − 4.39/ − 0.39, p = 0.020) was associated with a better 5R-STS performance. Age, height, surgical indication, index level of pathology, history of previous spine surgery, history of pain, analgesic drug use, employment type, and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms demonstrated confounding effect on the 5R-STS time.

Conclusions
Greater height, being an active smoker, and inability to work are significant predictors of worse 5R-STS performance in patients with LDD.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03303300 and NCT03321357.
Determination of equilibria constants of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT)-catalyzed reactions using concentrations of circulating amino acids
Authors: Tsikas Dimitrios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) catalyzes mainly two reactions that generate 1) L-homoarginine (hArg) from L-arginine and L-lysine (Kharg) and 2) guanidinoacetate (GAA) and L-ornithine from L-arginine and glycine (Kgaa). Previously, we found that pharmacological treatment of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patients with metformin or L-citrulline resulted in antidromic effects on serum hArg and GAA concentrations, seemingly acting as an inhibitor and effector of AGAT activity, respectively. Here, we used data of this study as a model to determine Kharg and Kgaa values by using the concentrations of the participating amino acids measured in serum samples of the BMD patients. The study aimed to prove the general utility of this approach to investigate effects of amino acids and drugs on AGAT-catalyzed reactions in vivo in humans.
Feasibility of a Morphing Rocket Nozzle for Thrust Vector Control based on Corrugated Composite Laminates
Authors: Airoldi Alessandro , Boiocchi Matteo , Natali Maurizio , Mirani Chiara , Di Pancrazio Luca , Consiglio Gabriele , Ballarin Pietro , Riva Marco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper presents technological, experimental and numerical studies aimed at the development of a morphing nozzle in composite material with a deformable divergent section, which is designed to control the vector of thrust in rockets without using mechanisms or localized flexible joints. The nozzle design is characterized by corrugated composite walls and longitudinal elements that make possible a separation of load paths involved in bending response, bearing of internal pressures and related force resultants. Mechanical requirements and conditions of pressure, temperature and gas velocity in the morphing part of the nozzle are defined by selecting and investigating two potential application scenarios. Thereafter, both technological aspects and the assessment of mechanical performances are addressed by designing, manufacturing and testing a composite demonstrator with morphing capabilities. A lightweight and flexible thermal protection system is proposed, designed and numerically analyzed. Finally, a virtual demonstrator of the composite morphing nozzle is developed. Results point out the possibility of manufacturing composite elements with axial load bearing capability that may undergo significant bending deformation without failures. The integration of a flexible thermal protection systems leads to a promising concept for the development of innovative morphing nozzle for rocket engine applications.
COVID vaccine stigma: detecting stigma across social media platforms with computational model based on deep learning
Authors: Straton Nadiya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study presents the first computational model of COVID vaccine stigma that can identify stigmatised sentiment with a high level of accuracy and generalises well across a number of social media platforms. The aim of the study is to understand the lexical features that are prevalent in COVID vaccine discourse and disputes between anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine groups. This should provide better insight for healthcare authorities, enabling them to better navigate those discussions. The study collected posts and their comments related to COVID vaccine sentiment in English, from Reddit, Twitter, and YouTube, for the period from April 2020 to March 2021. The labels used in the model, “stigma”, “not stigma”, and “undefined”, were collected from a smaller Facebook (Meta) dataset and successfully propagated into a larger dataset from Reddit, Twitter, and YouTube. The success of the propagation task and consequent classification is a result of state-of-the-art annotation scheme and annotated dataset. Deep learning and pre-trained word vector embedding significantly outperformed traditional algorithms, according to two-tailed P(T≤t) test and achieved F1 score of 0.794 on the classification task with three classes. Stigmatised text in COVID anti-vaccine discourse is characterised by high levels of subjectivity, negative sentiment, anxiety, anger, risk, and healthcare references. After the first half of 2020, anti-vaccination stigma sentiment appears often in comments to posts attempting to disprove COVID vaccine conspiracy theories. This is inconsonant with previous research findings, where anti-vaccine people stayed primarily within their own in-group discussions. This shift in the behaviour of the anti-vaccine movement from affirming climates to ones with opposing opinions will be discussed and elaborated further in the study.
Probabilistic linguistic evolutionary game with risk perception in applications to carbon emission reduction decision making
Authors: Hao Zhinan , Wang Xiang , Zhang Yaojia , Zhang Ren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbon emission reduction, an effective way to facilitate carbon neutrality, has gained increasing attention in government policy and scientific research. However, the establishment of a sustainable carbon emission reduction market is a complex game between governments and enterprises. In addition, it is difficult to obtain precise evaluations of the political and environmental factors in most cases. Irrational enterprises with a profit-seeking nature bring challenges to the strategy selection. To bridge this gap, we propose a probabilistic linguistic evolutionary game to model strategic behavior in carbon emission reduction assistant decision making. First, we introduce a probabilistic linguistic payoff matrix to describe the uncertain payoffs of players. A new distance measure for the probabilistic variables is also proposed to construct the prospect payoff matrix in the prospect theory framework. Then, the evolutionary dynamics and the probabilistic linguistic evolutionary stability of the proposed methods are analyzed. A comprehensive case study for carbon emission reduction with comparisons is presented for validation.
Financialization and Sustainable Credit: Lessons from Non-Intermediated Transactions?
Authors: Svetiev Y. , Dermineur E. , Kolanisi U. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDoes increasing access to finance promote human flourishing? And if so, are there pathways to sustainable credit and finance in the face of the perceived excesses of financialization? Can we reform or regulate the financial sector to promote sustainable credit and avoid over-indebtedness? These and similar questions have attracted considerable scholarly and public debate in the aftermath of the 2007 global financial crisis, with a growing focus on institutional alternatives to market exchange in finance and beyond. In this article, we study the persistence of non-intermediated credit, whereby lenders and borrowers engage in transactions directly and without financial intermediaries. Peer lending was a mainstay source of credit prior to the emergence of financial intermediaries and our benchmark case study outlines common features of credit relationships before modern banking in Europe. The other two case studies come from jurisdictions where non-intermediated credit persists on a broad scale, despite parties having formal access to modern finance. The aim of our contribution is threefold. First, we identify features of non-intermediated transactions that are consistent with a notion of sustainable credit, in the sense that they are not destabilising for the transacting parties (or the broader community). Secondly, we highlight the normative mechanisms that support non-intermediated credit across different settings to identify the scope conditions and limits for such transactions. Third, we evaluate such credit transactions along a set of normative benchmarks to draw out lessons for contemporary finance and financial regulation. We argue that even if non-intermediated credit cannot provide an alternative to modern finance, such transactions can help financial institutions tailor products to the needs of specific consumers or outsource credit assessment and repayment, while also allowing policymakers and regulators to identify and resolve concrete credit access problems for disadvantaged communities.
Student and the Lanarkshire milk experiment
Authors: Senn Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA detailed examination of the 1930 Lanarkshire Milk Experiment (LME) by the famous statistician William Sealy Gossett (“Student”), which appeared in Biometrika in 1931, is re-examined from a more modern perspective. The LME had a complicated design whereby 67 schools in Lanarkshire were allocated to receive either raw or pasteurised milk but pupils within the schools were allocated to either receive milk or to act as controls. Student’s criticisms are considered in detail and examined in terms of subsequent developments on the design and analysis of experiments, in particular as regards appropriate estimation of standard errors of treatment estimates when an incomplete blocks structure has been used. An analogy with a more modern trial in osteoarthritis is made. Suggestions are made as to how analysis might proceed if the original data were available. Some lessons for observational studies in epidemiology are drawn and it is speculated that hidden clustering structures might be an explanation as to why results may vary from observational study to observational study by more than conventionally calculated standard errors might suggest.