bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk and incidence of head and neck cancers in veterans living with HIV and matched HIV‐negative veterans
Authors: Mazul Angela L. , Hartman Christine M. , Mowery Yvonne M. , Kramer Jennifer R. , White Donna L. , Royse Kathryn E. , Raychaudhury Suchismita , Sandulache Vlad C. , Ahmed Sarah T. , Zevallos Jose P. , Richardson Peter A. , Sikora Andrew G. , Chiao Elizabeth Y. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPersons living with HIV/AIDS have a higher incidence of virus‐related and tobacco/alcohol‐related cancers. This study is the first to estimate the effect of HIV versus HIV‐negative veterans on the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma incidence in a large retrospective cohort study.MethodsThe authors constructed a retrospective cohort study using patient data from 1999 to 2016 from the National Veterans Administration Corporate Data Warehouse and the VA Central Cancer Registry. This cohort study included 45,052 veterans living with HIV/AIDS and 162,486 HIV‐negative patients matched by age, sex, and index visit (i.e., HIV diagnosis date or clinic visit date). The age‐standardized incidence rates and estimated adjusted hazard ratios were calculated with a Cox proportional hazards regression for oropharyngeal and nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The authors also abstracted human papillomavirus (HPV) status from oropharyngeal HNSCC diagnosed after 2010.ResultsVeterans living with HIV/AIDS (VLWH) have 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36, 2.14) times the risk of oropharyngeal cancer and 2.06 (95% CI, 1.76, 2.42) times the hazard of nonoropharyngeal cancer compared with HIV‐negative veterans. VLWH with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) were more likely to be HPV‐positive (N = 30 [81.1%]) than the HIV‐negative veterans with OPSCC (N = 50 [67.6%]), although this difference was not significant (p = .135). For nonoropharyngeal cancer, the increased risk of oral cavity cancer among VLWH drove the increased risk.ConclusionsThe study results suggest that HIV may play a role in virally mediated and nonvirally mediated HNSCC. As the HIV prevalence rises in the United States due to better survival and the incidence of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal HNSCC increases, the interaction between HPV and HIV becomes increasingly relevant.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of the Antidepressant Amitriptyline Using a Functionalised Graphene‐Based Sensor
Authors: Boroujerdi Ramin , Abdelkader Amor , Paul Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe accurate measurement of drug concentration in patient samples is vital and is often conducted using point of care devices for therapeutic drug monitoring and other clinical activities. Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials provide an opportunity to develop miniaturized, affordable and accurate drug sensors, with the promise of developing point of care tests, which are more convenient compared to current techniques that often require advanced instrumentation and laboratory tests. Here we present a reduced graphene oxide‐based electrochemical sensor that permits precise measurements of amitriptyline, a well‐known anti‐depressant. The sensor uses functionalised graphene where amitriptyline selective receptors directly attached to the carbon atoms on the surface of the graphene through diels‐alder reaction. The simplicity of the functionalisation procedure along with a tunable receptor used in this study implies that the same method can be used for developing similar selective sensors, simply by changing the small functional groups attached to the receptor molecule. The electrochemical characteristics of the functionalised graphene were studied with cyclic voltammetry, where the sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity, responding only to amitriptyline when tested against closely related tricyclic antidepressants and a range of other psychoactive drugs. The sensor displayed a wider linear range from 1 ng/mL to 80 μg/mL, which covers the concentration range for amitriptyline studied in therapeutic, pharmaceutical, and forensic investigations. The limit of detection of the developed sensor was 1 ng/ml which competes with the detection limit of gas chromatography – mass spectrometry investigated in this study.
Trainability and Accuracy of Artificial Neural Networks: An Interacting Particle System Approach
Authors: Rotskoff Grant , Vanden‐Eijnden Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeural networks, a central tool in machine learning, have demonstrated remarkable, high fidelity performance on image recognition and classification tasks. These successes evince an ability to accurately represent high‐dimensional functions, but rigorous results about the approximation error of neural networks after training are few. Here we establish conditions for global convergence of the standard optimization algorithm used in machine learning applications, stochastic gradient descent (SGD), and quantifying the scaling of its error with the size of the network. This is done by reinterpreting SGD as the evolution of a particle system with interactions governed by a potential related to the objective or “loss” function used to train the network. We show that, when the number n of units is large, the empirical distribution of the particles descends on a convex landscape towards the global minimum at a rate independent of n, with a resulting approximation error that universally scales as O(n−1). These properties are established in the form of a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for the empirical distribution. Our analysis also quantifies the scale and nature of the noise introduced by SGD and provides guidelines for the step size and batch size to use when training a neural network. We illustrate our findings on examples in which we train neural networks to learn the energy function of the continuous 3‐spin model on the sphere. The approximation error scales as our analysis predicts in as high a dimension as d = 25. © 2022 Courant Institute of Mathematics and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A systematic review on machine learning algorithms used for forecasting lake‐water level fluctuations
Authors: Sannasi Chakravarthy S. R. , Bharanidharan N. , Rajaguru Harikumar 
Published: July 2022

SummaryGlobally, the water‐level fluctuations in lakes are a dynamic and complex process. The fluctuation is characterized by higher non‐linearity and stochasticity, making it quite hard to forecast for future planning. However, the advent of machine learning algorithms in recent decades provides significant improvement in forecasting such fluctuations. This work provides a systematic review of the machine learning algorithms (ML) used for characterizing lake‐water level dynamics. Among those ML algorithms, the paper reviews seven distinct as well as popular algorithms namely, neural network model, support vector machines, extreme learning machine, artificial neuro‐fuzzy inference systems, evolutionary and hybrid algorithms, and deep learning models. The sample inputs, splitting of data, performance metrics, and its comparison are discussed with future scope. Moreover, the strength and limitations of those algorithms are also examined. Finally, the review in this paper gives a newer vision for water resource planners and hydrologists for sustainable lake management.
Flexible design method for multiple loads inductive power transfer system with equal power distribution
Authors: Wang Dashan , Qian Libo , Cui Kexue , Li Yongyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn inductive power transfer (IPT) system for powering multiple sensor nodes placed at various distances is proposed, in which the relay coil not only performs as a power relay to enhance the magnetic field along the power transfer route but also supplies energy to the local load. Based on Kirchhoff's law, the equivalent circuit model of the multi‐load IPT system is established, and the relationship between power distribution and mutual inductance of adjacent coils is investigated. Aiming at practical applications, a flexible design method for the adjacent coil distance is proposed to adjust the mutual inductance and regulate the power distribution. Experimental results show that the equal power distribution is achieved for five loads across a transfer distance of 60.9 cm. Each load dissipates about 0.78 W with a power variation within 6.3%. The results indicate the feasibility of the proposed design method in the multiple‐load wireless sensor network (WSN) applications.
Spindle cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma: An extremely unusual case and review of the literature
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Florianova Livia , Payne Richard , Baloch Zubair W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpindle cell proliferations originating in follicular derived thyroid neoplasms are rare and known to cause diagnostic conundrums. We describe a unique case of a spindle cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in a 48‐year‐old female without relevant past medical history, who was being followed for a 1.4 cm left thyroid nodule for the past 15 months. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the nodule was interpreted as benign (Bethesda II). On follow‐up ultrasound the nodule demonstrated a slight increase in size (to 1.5 cm) and the appearance of coarse calcifications A repeat FNA was performed 12 months later and interpreted as malignant neoplasm (Bethesda VI), containing a population of spindle and epithelioid cells that could not be further classified. A left subtotal thyroidectomy showed an encapsulated tumor mainly composed of fibroblast‐like spindle cells, extensive foci of calcifications and focal ossification, with minimal tumor capsule invasion without vascular invasion. Tumor cells expressed vimentin, ERG and SMA (focal), while being negative for pancytokeratin, thyroglobulin, TTF‐1, Pax‐8, calcitonin, CEA and other lineage‐specific mesenchymal, neuroendocrine and melanocytic markers. Importantly, a few residual thyroid follicles were identified within the nodule, and a diagnosis of minimally invasive FTC with extensive spindle cell changes, calcification and osseous metaplasia was rendered. This is only the second cytologic report of a pure spindle cell FTC. The rarity of this neoplasm and its potential broad differential diagnosis create diagnostic difficulties both on cytology and histology.
Prss29 Cre recombinase mice are useful to study adult uterine gland function
Authors: Kelleher Andrew M. , Allen Carolyn C. , Davis Daniel J. , Spencer Thomas E. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryAll mammalian uteri contain glands in their endometrium that develop only or primarily after birth. In mice, those endometrial glands govern post implantation pregnancy establishment via regulation of blastocyst implantation, stromal cell decidualization, and placental development. Here, we describe a new uterine glandular epithelium (GE) specific Cre recombinase mouse line that is useful for the study of uterine gland function during pregnancy. Utilizing CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing, Cre recombinase was inserted into the endogenous serine protease 29 precursor (Prss29) gene. Both Prss29 mRNA and Cre recombinase activity was specific to the GE of the mouse uterus following implantation, but was absent from other areas of the female reproductive tract. Next, Prss29‐Cre mice were crossed with floxed forkhead box A2 (Foxa2) mice to conditionally delete Foxa2 specifically in the endometrial glands. Foxa2 was absent in the glands of the post‐implantation uterus, and Foxa2 deleted mice exhibited complete infertility after their first pregnancy. These results establish that Prss29‐Cre mice are a valuable resource to elucidate and explore the functions of glands in the adult uterus.
Adolescent and emerging adult perceptions of eating disorder severity and stigma
Authors: Rose Kelsey L. , Negrete Christina E. , Sellinger Gina , Chang Tammy , Sonneville Kendrin R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders are one of the deadliest mental health conditions, yet most individuals with eating disorders never receive treatment. Previous research has explored barriers to treatment among individuals diagnosed with eating disorders, but little is known about general adolescent and emerging adult perceptions of eating disorders, as compared to other mental health illnesses, a population at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder, and a population that may be important sources of information or support for peers.MethodA sample of adolescents and emerging adults aged 14–24 years (mean age 19 years) from MyVoice, a national text‐message‐based cohort (53% female, 38% male, 9% other, race/ethnicity 63% White, 10% Black or African American, 13% Asian, 9% Mixed Race, and 5% Other) provided open‐ended responses to questions on the severity of eating disorders as compared to other mental health diagnoses, others' perceptions of eating disorders and potential treatment barriers. Responses were collected using a secure online platform and analyzed using content analysis.ResultsAmong respondents (n = 792/1283), 91% felt that eating disorders were a mental health condition and 65% felt that eating disorders were as serious as other mental health conditions, while 21% said they were more serious than other mental health conditions. Responses to questions related to perception and barriers illustrated that beliefs of eating disorders involve blame, stigma, and overall lack of understanding.DiscussionFindings from this study illustrate that there is a lack of understanding around eating disorders that could be addressed in youth‐focused initiatives.Public SignificanceAdolescents and emerging adults understand that eating disorders are severe mental illnesses that are not taken seriously by others, especially in comparison with other mental health diagnoses. Adolescents and emerging adults report that individuals with eating disorders are blamed for their condition and face shame and stigma. The lack of understanding around eating disorders should be addressed in youth‐focused prevention initiatives.
Safety and efficacy of istaroxime in patients with acute heart failure‐related pre‐cardiogenic shock – a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study (SEISMiC)
Authors: Metra Marco , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Filippatos Gerasimos , Mebazaa Alexandre , Novosadova Maria , Ponikowski Piotr , Simmons Phillip , Soffer Joseph , Simonson Steven 
Published: July 2022

AimsWe examined the effects of istaroxime in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) related Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) stage B pre‐cardiogenic shock (CS).Methods and resultsSixty patients with AHF without acute myocardial infarction with pre‐CS, defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg without hypoperfusion, venous lactate ≥2 mmol/L and/or mechanical or inotropic support, were randomized to istaroxime 1.0–1.5 μg/kg/min or placebo for 24 h. The primary endpoint, the adjusted area under the curve (AUC) change in SBP from time of treatment to 6 h, was 53.1 (standard error [SE] 6.88) mmHg × hour versus 30.9 (SE 6.76) mmHg × hour with istaroxime versus placebo (p = 0.017). Adjusted SBP AUC at 24 h was 291.2 (SE 27.5) versus 208.7 (SE 27.0) mmHg × hour (p = 0.025). At 24 h, some echocardiographic measurements improved with istaroxime versus placebo including cardiac index (+0.21 L/min/m2; p = 0.016), left atrial area (−1.8 cm2; p = 0.008), and left ventricular end‐systolic volume (−12.0 ml; p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in pulse pressure, laboratory measurements, serious adverse events or adverse events between the treatment groups except for more nausea, vomiting and infusion site pain in the istaroxime‐treated patients. In a post‐hoc analysis, patients receiving ≤1.0 μg/kg/min versus 1.5 μg/kg/min had similar increase in blood pressure, but a trend towards less adverse events.ConclusionIn a phase 2a study of patients with AHF related pre‐CS, istaroxime improved blood pressure and some echocardiography measures related to heart failure and was well tolerated.
Bumblebees can be Exposed to the Herbicide Glyphosate when Foraging
Authors: Thompson Linzi J. , Smith Stephen , Stout Jane C. , White Blánaid , Zioga Elena , Stanley Dara A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Herbicides are the most widely used pesticides globally. Although used to control weeds, they may also pose a risk to bee health. A key knowledge gap is how bees could be exposed to herbicides in the environment, including whether they may forage on treated plants before they die. We used a choice test to determine if bumblebees would forage on plants treated with glyphosate at two time periods after treatment. We also determined whether glyphosate and its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid were present as residues in the pollen collected by the bees while foraging. Finally, we explored if floral resources (nectar and pollen) remained present in plants after herbicide treatment. In general bees indiscriminately foraged on both plants treated with glyphosate and controls, showing no avoidance of treated plants. Although the time spent on individual flowers was slightly lower on glyphosate treated plants, this did not affect the bees' choice overall. We found that floral resources remained present in plants for at least 5 days after lethal treatment with glyphosate and that glyphosate residues were present in pollen for at least 70 h posttreatment. Our results suggest that bees could be exposed to herbicide in the environment, both topically and orally, by foraging on plants in the period between herbicide treatment and death. Identifying this route of exposure is a first step in understanding the risks of herbicides to bees. The effects of herbicides on bees themselves are uncertain and warrant further investigation to allow full risk assessment of these compounds to pollinating insects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2603–2612. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Using preschoolers to improve caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and practices relating to biofortified crops: Evidence from a randomized nutrition education trial in Kenya
Authors: Ojwang’ Sylvester Okoth , Okello Julius Juma , Otieno David Jakinda , Nyikal Rose Adhiambo , Muoki Penina Ngusye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis 2018 randomized controlled trial examined the role behavioral nudges can play in improving caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) relating to biofortified orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP). The experiment involved 431 preschooler–caregiver pairs in 15 villages. The preschoolers were enrolled in public‐run Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE) centers in the respective villages. Caregivers were first exposed to the routine OFSP promotion activities in the area – invited to cooking demonstration workshops and issued with free OFSP vines to plant. A baseline survey followed. Next, the 15 villages were randomized into four study groups (a control and three treatments). The interventions were deployed for 30 days as follows: Treatment 1 – preschoolers issued OFSP‐branded exercise books, class posters, and poems; Treatment 2 – caregivers received phone‐mediated text messages; and Treatment 3 – received the full suite of interventions. This study analyzed the endline and baseline data and finds that, in general, changes in KAP scores were negatively associated with control group (p = .005) and positively associated with Treatment 3 (p = .02). Specifically, Treatment 3 significantly increased caregivers' knowledge of OFSP production, consumption, and vitamin A. Treatment 2 significantly improved their attitude too. It concludes that an integrated complementary nutrition education approach targeting preschooler–caregiver pairs is more effective in increasing knowledge of cultivation and consumption of OFSP. It discusses the implications for the design of more effective nutrition programs targeting households with preschoolers to accelerate the fight against vitamin A deficiency (VAD).
Total saponins from quinoa bran alleviate high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and systemic inflammation via regulation of gut microbiota in rats
Authors: Li Wei , Song Yu , Cao Ya‐Nan , Zhang Le‐Le , Zhao Gang , Wu Ding‐Tao , Zou Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, biologically active ingredients derived from natural plants or functional foods have raised considerable interests for its anti‐obesity effect. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a traditional staple food in the Andean regions of Peru which contains a variety of bioactive components. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of total saponins extracted from quinoa bran (TSQ) on obese rats and explore whether the underlying mechanism is related to intestinal microbiota. Results showed that TSQ could decrease the body weight gain and visceral fat accumulation in the obese rats. Moreover, trends in ameliorating insulin resistance and improved glucose tolerance were observed. Indeed, Pearson's correlations analysis revealed that the variation in gut microbial composition was highly correlated to insulin resistance, IL‐6, and LPS levels. Collectively, these results suggest that the prevention of obesity and inflammation by TSQ may be mediated by the modulation of gut microbial composition.
Lactobacillus johnsonii 6084 alleviated sepsis‐induced organ injury by modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Han Shichao , Zheng Haotian , Han Fu , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Geng , Ma Shuaijun , Liu Kepu , Qin Weijun , Wu Gaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSepsis is a public cause of death in intensive care unit patients. Probiotics were widely used to increase the survival rate of sepsis by a series of clinical research. The purpose of this research was to investigate the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii 6084 in septic mice. Sepsis mouse model was induced by LPS treatment. The influence of L. johnsonii 6084 on the protection of organ injury induced by sepsis was explored. Moreover, the composition of gut microbiota was studied to clarify the mechanism of L. johnsonii 6084 therapeutic effect on sepsis. L. johnsonii 6084 treatment could conspicuously decrease the mortality and organ injury of sepsis. The reduction of gut microbial diversity and richness in septic mice were moderated by the administration of 6084. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were change by LPS treatment while restored by L. johnsonii 6084. To conclude, probiotic 6084 may has optimistic result on reducing mortality of sepsis through rebalancing gut microbiota.