bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Sprays to Control the Tomato Fruitworm on Tomatoes, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134-1-21’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots, 25 ft in length, on 10 Jun. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2 to 3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of three tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loam sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by three drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in2 . Treatments were applied 30 Aug., 7, 15, and 26 Sept. In evaluating the various insecticidal treatments 50 fruit/treatment/replication were examined for injury on 21 Oct. Yields were also taken on 21 Oct. from a 10-ft section of row.
Apple, Plant Bug Control, 1982
Authors: Forsythe H.Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied to 21-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 lbs/in2 at 300 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 13 May (pre-pink), 18 May (pink), 3 June (petal fall), and 17 June (first cover). The various materials were applied on the dates noted in the table. The standard pesticide program consisted of Captan 80W (0.45 kg) on five dates, and Imidan 50W (0.56 kg) on 3 June and 10 June. There were seven single-tree replications in a randomized complete block design, with two ‘McIntosh,’ one ‘Red Delicious,’ and four ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars per treatment. On 25 Aug. three-fourths of a box of apples was picked from each tree and from 840 to 880 apples were examined per treatment from 12 to 18 September for typical injuries caused by feeding of the tarnished plant bug.
Influence of Alfalfa Weevil Control on Hay Yield and Perentage of Dry Matter, 1983
Authors: Luna John M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of insecticides in controlling alfalfa weevil and resulting yield impact was evaluated in 4-year-old alfalfa stand in Blacksburg, Va. Five insecticide treatments and two unsprayed checks were arranged in five-replicate randomized block design with 20 by 20 ft plots. Insecticides were applied 6 May, in 25 gal water/acre at 18 lb/in2 using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with a 6-ft boom. Alfalfa weevil larvae were sampled as follows: 10 plant stems per sample were randomly selected within each plot, pulled and placed into a plastic bag. These samples were returned to the lab and refrigerated (up to 4 days) until the tips could be dissected and weevil larvae sorted and counted. Three size categories were used: small, 1st and 2nd instar; medium, 3rd instar, and large, 4th instar. Separation among instars was based both on physical size and color. Insect count data were transformed before statistical analysis using square root (X + 0.5). Six stem lengths were measured in each plot on each sampling date. Yields were obtained by moving a 3-ft wide swath through the center of all plots with a sickle bar mower. The hay within each plot was immediately raked and weighed using a spring scale hung from a portable tripod. Subsamples (about 3 lb) were taken from each treatment, placed into cloth bags and buried under the piles of raked hay until field yield measurements were completed. The subsamples were then taken immediately to the lab where a wet weight was obtained. Samples were then placed in a 40°C drying chamber for 48 h. A dry weight measurement of the sample was then taken. Percent dry matter of the sample was calculated by dividing the dry weight by the wet weight. Adjusted yields were obtained by multiplying the field weight (wet weight) by the percent dry weight. Plots were harvested 25 May.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky 1983
Authors: Parr J.C. , Pass B.C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 3-year-old stand of ‘Buffalo’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 by 36 ft and each treatment and the untreatred control were replicated three times in a completely random design. Treatments were applied on 5 May with a low-pressure, low-volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 TeeJet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 lb/in2 delivering 20 gal/acre total volume. Population densities of larvae were determined 4, 17, 13, and 18 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-in. diam. beating net. A damage rating was made on 23 May and was based on a scale of 1 to 9 where 1, no damage; 9, 100% of leaves consumed. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1983
Authors: Jarvi K. , Witkowski J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides to control larvae of the corn rootworm were evaluated at two locations in northeast Nebraska. Corn was planted on 9 and 13 May, Belden and Royal respectively. The Belden plots were nonirrigated and the Royal plots were irrigated with an overhead center pivot irrigation system. All treatments were applied in a 7-in. band over the row (1.2 oz (AD/1,000 ft row). Planting time treatments were incorporated with a six-prong harrow mounted on rear of applicator. Cultivation treatments were incorporated immediately by a tractor mounted cultivator. Each treatment consisted of one row 75 ft long replicated four times. Insecticide treatments were evaluated for root damage in late July by digging five equally spaced plants from each row (20 plants total per treatment) and rating the roots for rootworm feeding damage using a 1 to 6 damage scale (1, no damage; 6, three or more nodes of roots destroyed).
Field Corn, Wireworm Larvae Control, 1983
Authors: Karr L. L. , Gray M. E. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design for these trials consisted of a randomized complete block with four replicatiogns. Insecticides were applied as single-row treatments, 50 ft long. Corn was replanted at Coin, Iowa (28 May, 30-in. row spacing) in a field where damage was sufficient to require replanting. Granular soil insecticides were placed in the furrow or in a 7-in. band ahead of, or behind, the closing wheels. Two seed treatments were also evaluated. Laboratory-calibrated Nobel metering units, mounted on a two-row John Deere model 7100 planter, were used to apply the compounds. Treatments were evaluated (21 June) by digging three, 1-m trenches 10 cm deep in each treatment row in every plot. Seeds were rated on the following 1 to 4 damage scale: 1, seed undamaged; 2, seed damaged, but plant established; 3, seed damaged and plant showing some signs of stress; and 4, seed damaged, no plant or questionable establishment. Percent damaged seeds and seedlings were also used to compare treatments.
Second Brood European Corn Borer Chemigation Trial, Wray, Colorado, 1983
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were 10-acre sectors. Treatments were injected into a Gifford Hill sprinkler with 30° Rainbird nozzles with an Agri-inject injection system on 16 Aug. Water per acre was 0.26 in. The field had received 0.05 lb (AI)/acre of Pydrin for Western bean cutworm prior to the trial. Evaluations were made on 12 Sept. by splitting the stalks of 4 groups of 10 plants and counting live larvae.
Western Bean Cutworm Hand Plot Trial, 1983
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were two 50-ft rows separated by one border row arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were applied on 2 Aug. with a CO2 hand sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 23 lb/in2. The granular was spread by hand. Evaluations were made on 18 Aug., by counting the larvae in the ear zone of 25 plants per plot. Yields were obtained by hand-harvesting 20 plants per plot and converting to bu/acre.
Effect of Lannate in Varying Volumes of Finished Spray on Control of Fall Armyworm in Late-Planted Field Corn, 1983
Authors: Pless C.D. , Shamiyeh N.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on 8 Jul. at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greenville. Soil type was Emory silt loam with a 2 to 5% slope. Plots were 30 ft by four rows with 5-ft alleys between blocks. Rows were spaced 38 in. apart. Seven treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Corn was thinned to 40 plants per 30 row ft. Lannate insecticide (0.45 lb (AD/acre) was applied in six different finished spray volumes ( 3 to 30 gal/acre) on 16 Aug. when infestation levels averaged three larvae per plant. Formulations were applied using different nozzle sizes with a 2.5 gal compressed air sprayer at a constant tank pressure of 30 lb/in2 . Dead larvae were counted on 19 Aug. and percent mortality was determined.
Insecticide Combinations for Heliothis Spp. Control, 1983
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. , Fleischer S. J. , Walker L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticide combinations for Heliothis spp. control was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn Univ., Tallassee, Ala. Because of earlier stand failure cotton was replanted on 26 May in 40-in. rows. Four replicates of 10 treatments were included in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 18 rows by 100 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer at a rate of 9 gal/acre (2.0 mph, 60 lb/in2, 2 Teejet TX 80° nozzles per row). Plots evaluated for early season insect control were treated 8, 15, 22 and 29 Jul. with Fundal at 0.125 lb (AI)/acre beginning at 6th leaf stage. All plots were treated with test chemicals on 8, 12, 16, 30 Aug., and 12 Sep. Plots were oversprayed on 29 Jul. with methyl parathion to destroy beneficial insects and on 9, 15, 29 Aug., and 3 and 9 Sep. with Guthion to suppress boll weevils. Early season insect numbers were estimated by taking 3 ft by 3 ft drop cloth samples from two randomly selected areas of each plot. Heliothis spp. damage was estimated by examining 25 randomly selected plant terminals from the middle eight rows of each plot and by examining 25 randomly selected squares. Boll counts were taken from 10 row-ft randomly selected in the plot. Heliothis spp. populations were moderate to light during the test period.
Chemical Control of Boll Weevil, 1983
Authors: Lentz Gary L. , Hunkapiller Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 213’ variety cotton was planted 24 May at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson. Plots were two rows wide by 20 ft long. Insecticide applications for the caged tests were made 22 Aug. (Test A) and 23 Aug. (Test B) with a CO2-pressurized hand sprayer equipped with two hollow cone tips per row calibrated to deliver 11.6 gal of spray per acre at 34 lb/in2. Weevils were obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at Mississippi State. In Test A, two sleeve cages were placed over treated plants in each treatment immediately after spraying and also at 24 h. Cages were tied at the base of the stalk. Twenty-five weevils were released into each cage and mortality recorded after 48 h. In Test B, three smaller sleeve cages were placed over the upper half of the plant at 0 and 24 h. Twenty weevils were released into each cage and mortality recorded after 48 h. Mortality was corrected by Abbot’s formula and arc sine transformed data were analyzed by analysis of variance and means separated by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Tarnished Plant Bug Control, 1983
Authors: Maredia Karin M. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plant bugs were exposed to insecticides by confining them with organdy sleeve cages (30 cm diam by 65 cm long) on foliar sprayed plants. Tests were arranged in a randomzied complete block design with three replications. Each plot was one row by 20 ft bordered by untreated rows. Prior to insecticide application, two plants per plot were selected at random and their terminals caged. The cages were tied off at bottom, rolled down and completely covered with heavy-duty aluminum foil so that spray would not wet cages. Laboratory reared plant bugs were placed in vials (8 per vial) and transported to field in an ice chest. Insecticides were applied with AZ-CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.4 gal/acre. The aluminum foil then was removed from cages and cages extended upward to enclose plant terminal. Eight plant bugs were put in each of two cages per plot within 8 min after application. Additional cages were put on plants at intervals shown in table. After bugs had been caged 3 days plants were cut and transported to the laboratory where cages were opened and the number of dead and living plant bugs determined.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Spring Oats, 1983
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Hynson Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetles in spring-planted oats. Insecticides were applied at peak oviposition on 11 May on ‘Noble’ oats at the Russell Settle Farm near Warsaw, Va. A randomized block design was utilized with three replications. Individual plots were 8.8 by 1.9 m and spaced 0.91 m apart. Each spray concentrate was applied to the oat foliage with a CO2 compressed air sprayer at 29 lb/in2 that delivered 33.7 gal of finished formula per acre. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of eggs and larvae per 0.3 row-m. The two center rows of each plot were harvested for yield estimates which were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Sorghum, 1983
Authors: All J. N. , Rogers B. , Javid A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dekalb BR64 was planted 22 Jul. at the Univ. of Georgia Exp. St., Oconee Co. The soil type was Cecil sandy loam. A randomized complete block design was used with two row plots by 6.5-m long by 1-m row width by 1-m alleys, five replicates. Granules were applied at planting time in a 15-cm band over the row and incorporated in the soil ca. 2 cm deep. Granules were applied in a 15-cm band over emerging seedlings 10 days after planting. All plants in one row of each plot were examined for lesser cornstalk borer damage on 10 Aug. and 18 Aug. Silage yield was determined 108 days after planting by harvesting all plants in one row of each plot.
Orthene Hopper Box Application and Rate Study on Early Season Insects, 1983
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soybean plots were planted 6 June with a 7700 Max Merge Planter. The plots were arranged in a randomized block design on the North Plant Sei. Farm at Mississippi State Univ. The insecticide treatments were applied as hopper box treatments. The planting rate of the planter was determined to be 33 lb/acre for the bean seed used in the test. Thrips were sampled with a 3-ft drop cloth and counted. The number of plants on the 3 row-ft was also recorded. Three-cornered alfalfa hopper adults and nymphs were sampled with a 3-ft drop cloth. Girdled plants were determined by bending 10 row-ft of seedlings and counting the plants which broke off. Plants which had leaves which were not formed properly, plants which showed stunted growth, or plants which displayed any discoloration were considered abnormal plants. Abnormal plants were counted in 3 row-ft. Bean leaf beetles and their damage to seedling soybeans were determined shaking 3 row-ft of seedling onto a cloth and counting the beetles and the plants which were shaken. Thrips samples were taken at 11 and 22 days from planting. All other data were taken at 11, 22, and 25 days from planting.
Control of Soybean Loopers and Threecornered Alfalfa Hoppers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Deighan J. , Backman C. B. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on soybeans planted in Cahaba sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn Univ., Tallassee, Ala. Six treatments and an untreated check were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.012 acre plot was four rows wide (40-in. row spacing) and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied on 8 Sep. with a High-Boy boom sprayer equipped with three TX6 hollow cone nozzles per row operating at 50 lb/in2 and delivering 9 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Soybean looper larvae and threecornered alfalfa hoppers (adults and nymphs combined) were counted and recorded. Three samples from each plot were taken 1, 4, and 7 days postspray (9, 12, and 15 Sep.)
Evaluation of Foliar Insecticide Treatments for Control of Green Cloverworm on Soybeans, 1983
Authors: Higley L. G. , Buntin G. D. , Pedigo L. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots measuring four rows (30-in.) by 50 ft. with two border rows between plots, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four blocks, near Ames, Iowa. Treatments were applied on 9 Aug. 1983, when plants were in the full pod stage (R4). Weather conditions at application were sunny, winds 0 to 10 mph, temperature ca. 75°F, and ca. 50% RH. Insecticides were applied with a four-row, CO2-charged (35 lb/in2 ) bicycle-wheel sprayer equipped with Delevan BC 10-70 No. 6 hollow cone spray nozzles. Ground speed was 2 mph which delivered 15.1 gal/acre. Insects were sampled with a 15-in. sweepnet, and each sample consisted of 20 sweeps in one row. Different rows were sampled on each date. Samples were collected 1 day pretreatment and on 1,3, and 7 days posttreatment. No phytotoxic effects were observed in any plots. Plot yields were taken on 17 Oct. by harvesting and threshing 3 row-m per treatment.
Apple Insect Control, Yakima, WA 1982
Authors: Howell J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to apple trees using a handgun with pump pressure of 500 lb/in2. All trees were sprayed to runoff, ca. 400 gal/acre. Single tree plots were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated five times. There were 3 applications, 3 Jun., 1 Jul., and on 2 Aug. Trees were irrigated via a drip system. Codling moth and San Jose Scale control was determined by examining 50 fruit per tree at harvest. Leafhopper populations were estimated 5 Jul. by observing the number of adults migrating from a branch when hit with a piece of garden hose.
Soybean Insecticide Demonstration Trials, 1983
Authors: Nabors Raymond A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An unusual problem occurred in soybeans during 1983. The green cloverworm which is always present here had an extreme population explosion. Approximately one-third of the soybean fields in our area needed a spray application to control this pest. We counted the caterpillars per three row feet 48 h later. We used the drop cloth method for evaluation purposes.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Soybeans, 1983
Authors: Whalen J. , Graustein M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small plots were established in a commercal field located near Laurel, Del. Four-row plots 20 ft long on 36 in. centers were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Insecitcides were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO2, pressurized sprayer using three nozzles per row operated at 40 lb/in2 at a rate equivalent to 4 gal of watar/acre. Treatments were applied on 29 July. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of mites per five leaves on 3 Aug.
Armyworm Control on Sugar Beets, 1983
Authors: Baird Craig , Blackmer Jackie , Bishop Guy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots (0.01 acre) were located on a grower’s field near Nampa, Idaho. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Sprays were applied on 15 Oct. with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at a rate of 50 gal/acre and 30 lb/in . Treatments were evaluated by counting live armyworms per 20 row-ft All insecticides gave excellent control for the 3 weeks of the trial, check plots were significantly reduced by bird predation.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides in Kentucky, 1983
Authors: Jones G. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco was transplanted 12 June in Maury silt loam soil at a spacing of 1.5 ft between plants and 3.5 ft between rows. All plots received 1500 lb/acre of 5-10-15 fertilizer broadcast and incorporated 4 days before transplanting. Pebulate at 4.0 lb (AI)/acre pretransplant provided weed control. Prior to spraying, plots were laid out in single 25-ft by 3.5-ft rows with an untreated row adjacent to each treated row. Nine foliar insecticides were tested in a randomized block design replicated three times. Maleic hydrazide at the rate of 3.75 lb (AI)/acre was tank mixed with all treatments. The pesticides were applied to tests 1 and 2 on 3 and 9 Aug., respectively, with a CO2,-backpack sprayer equipped with TX12 nozzles operating at 30 lb/in and delivering 30 gal/acre. Live flea Beetle counts were taken from 5 plants from each plot 2 and 7 days posttreatment to measure efficacy and longevity of the insecticides.
Systemic Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1983
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Koziol F. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted in plots, 40-ft (24 plants) by 8-ft (two rows), arranged in a randomized complete block design of four replications on 31 May. Plots within blocks were separated by a single untreated row. The soil was a Chesterfield-Maydon-Bourne fine sandy-loam with a pH of 5.8 and less than 2% organic matter. Pretransplant treatments were applied on 13 May, Broadcast granular treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer operated at 20 lb/in2 and delivering 30 gal/acre through flat fan 8004 tips. Treatments were incorporated with a rotary tiller. Gandy 901 was used to apply two Temik and one Furadan treatments in a 12-in. band and incorporated by bedding. Side-dress applications of Di-Syston 15G (21 June) and Temik (6 July) were made with a Gandy 901 and incorporated during cultivation. Transplant water treatments were aplied in 200 gal of water/acre using a manual transplanter. Tobacco flee beetles, aphids on two upper leaves, and flea beetle feeding holes in the most damaged leaf were counted on 22 plants per plot. Tobacco was harvested at the appropriate time, cured, and graded.
European White Birch, Birch Leafminer Control, Wooster, OH, 1982
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against birch leafminer on 3- to 4-m birch trees growing in an experimental plot under nursery management conditions. Finished sprays were applied to runoff with a CO2 compression sprayer operating at 40 lb/in2 with a Teejet SS8004 flat fan nozzle on 10 May, when adults were first active and no mines were present. Conditions on date of application were 13°C (55°F) with overcast skies and a slight breeze. On 20 May, 10 leaves were randomly removed from each of the four single-tree replicates for each treatment and examined for live larvae.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on a Home Lawn in Honesdale, Pa, 1983
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were applied 10 Aug. to a hairy chinch bug-infested home lawn. The lawn consisted of annual bluegrass (30%), Kentucky bluegrass (50%), and fine leafed fescue (20%). Treatment plots were 5 by 5 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated three times. Liquid formulations were applied in 0.5 gal of water with a hand held sprinkling can. At treatment time, the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature, 85°F; soil temperature, 70°F; soil type, sandy-loam; soil pH, 5.2; percent organic matter, 2.7; soil condition, dry; amount of hatch, 0.25 in. and skies were partly cloudy. A flotation method was ased for sampling, using 6-in. diameter circular cans. Posttreatment counts were made 14 days later (24 Aug.). Three locations were randomly selected within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs rising to the surface over a 10 rain period (per location) was recorded and converted to a ft count. An average of 70 chinch bug nymphs and adults per ft was recorded 10 Aug. prior to treatment.