bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Only the Good Die Old? Ontogenetic Determinants of Locomotor Performance in Eastern Cottontail Rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus)
Authors: Young Jesse W , Foster Adam D , Russo Gabrielle A , Smith Gregory A , Butcher Michael T 
Published: January 2022

SynopsisFor many animals, the juvenile stage of life can be particularly perilous. Once independent, immature animals must often complete the same basic survival functions as adults despite smaller body size and other growth-related limits on performance. Because, by definition, juveniles have yet to reproduce, we should expect strong selection for mechanisms to offset these ontogenetic limitations, allowing individuals to reach reproductive adulthood and maintain Darwinian fitness. We use an integrated ontogenetic dataset on morphology, locomotor performance, and longevity in wild cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus, Allen 1848) to test the hypothesis that prey animals are under selective pressure to maximize juvenile performance. We predicted that (1) juveniles would accelerate more quickly than adults, allowing them to reach adult-like escape speeds, and (2) juveniles with greater levels of performance should survive for longer durations in the wild, thus increasing their reproductive potential. Using high-speed video and force platform measurements, we quantified burst acceleration, escape speed, and mechanical power production in 38 wild-caught S. floridanus (26 juveniles, 12 adults; all rabbits &gt;1 kg in body mass were designated to be adults, based on published growth curves and evidence of epiphyseal fusion). A subsample of 22 rabbits (15 juveniles, 7 adults) was fitted with radio-telemetry collars for documenting survivorship in the wild. We found that acceleration and escape speed peaked in the late juvenile period in S. floridanus, at an age range that coincides with a period of pronounced demographic attrition in wild populations. Differences in mass-specific mechanical power production explained ∼75% of the variation in acceleration across the dataset, indicating that juvenile rabbits outpace adults by producing more power per unit body mass. We found a positive, though non-significant, association between peak escape speed and survivorship duration in the wild, suggesting a complex relationship between locomotor performance and fitness in growing S. floridanus.
The Compatibility of Autonomous Weapons with the Principles of International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Winter Elliot 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The emergence of autonomous weapons remains a hot topic in international humanitarian law. Much has been said by States, international organisations, non-governmental organisations and academics on the matter in recent years. However, no agreement has been reached on how best to regulate this nascent technology. In the absence of any such agreement, the best approach is to analyse autonomous weapons through the lens of the principles of international humanitarian law. After humanity and military necessity are debunked as false principles, this article tests the compatibility of autonomous weapons with distinction, proportionality and precaution. It argues that autonomous weapons are not currently able to comply with these principles, owing primarily to a lack of sufficiently advanced artificial intelligence and contextual awareness. However, it also argues that the path to international humanitarian law-compliant autonomous weapons is shorter, and more clearly defined, than many realise. Indeed, the article highlights various ways in which future technological advances could enable autonomous weapons to comply with the principles of international humanitarian law more rigorously than human beings. The article does not seek to address the compatibility of autonomous weapons with other aspects of international law or the morality of such weapons.
Total knee replacement in a polio patient with prior extension osteotomy: a case report
Authors: Alsheikh Khalid A , Aldeghaither Sarah A , Alhandi Ali A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease characterized by a loss of motor neurons. Affected individuals usually suffer from many abnormalities predisposing them to degenerative joint disease. We report a case of a young male, with a history of poliomyelitis, distal femoral extension osteotomy and previous tendon transfer, suffering from severe knee pain. The patient underwent total knee arthroplasty with posterior stabilized Triathlon® for the femoral side reconstruction and Total-stabilizer Triathlon® for the tibia with short stem. At 2-year follow-up, his range-of-motion had improved, and he could walk without pain. This case report emphasizes the value of careful preoperative planning for a complex case with suitable implants and expecting realistic outcomes.
The impact of COVID-19 on delayed presentations of necrotising fasciitis
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Dung , Diab Jason , Khaicy David , Diab Vanessa , Hopkins Zachias , Foong Lai Heng , Berney Christophe R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the delayed presentation of necrotising fasciitis (NF). A retrospective study was conducted of adult patients (≥16 years old) diagnosed with NF at a hospital from 2017 to 2020. A quantitative comparative analysis for the COVID-19 group and control group between 2017 and 2019. Structured interviews were conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on patients. There were 6 patients in the COVID-19 group and 10 patients in the control group. The COVID-19 group had a longer mean onset of symptoms till hospital presentation of 4.1 days and a longer mean operative time. The COVID-19 group was more likely to be admitted to intensive care unit. Three patients in the COVID-19 group did not survive compared to survival in the counterparts. Participant responses indicated the COVID-19 pandemic did not prevent them from presenting to ED.
Sequential Intravenous-Oral Therapy for Pediatric Streptococcus anginosus Intracranial Infections
Authors: Dodson Daniel S , Heizer Heather R , Gaensbauer James T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Streptococcus anginosus group is a common cause of pediatric intracranial infections but treatment recommendations, including use of oral therapy, are poorly defined.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review from 2004 to 2019 of all patients with S anginosus group pyogenic intracranial infections at Children’s Hospital Colorado, highlighting patients transitioned to oral therapy. The primary endpoint was worsening infection necessitating intravenous antibiotics or a source control procedure after transition to oral therapy.

Results
Of 107 patients with S anginosus intracranial infections, 61 were transitioned to exclusive oral therapy after a median intravenous duration of 37 days, overwhelmingly with a levofloxacin-based regimen. Only 1 treatment failure was noted in a patient who did not fill their prescription. Patients with epidural infections were more likely to be transitioned to oral therapy within the first 28 days of treatment (defined as “early”). Patients with parenchymal infections, bacteremia, co-pathogens, higher inflammatory markers, and requiring &gt;1 source control procedure were less likely to be transitioned early to oral therapy. Complications of a central catheter and/or intravenous medications contributed to 56% of oral transitions.

Conclusions
Levofloxacin-based oral regimens were effective and well tolerated. Patients with less severe infections were more likely to be transitioned early to oral therapy. Criteria for transitioning patients to oral antibiotics for intracranial infections should be established to minimize risks inherent with central catheters.
A New Science for an Old(er) Population: Soviet Gerontology and Geriatrics in International Comparative Perspective
Authors: Scarborough Isaac McKean 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Like most developed nations, the Soviet Union faced an unprecedented demographic shift during the latter half of the twentieth century, as its population aged and life expectancies grew significantly. Facing similar challenges as the USA or the UK, this article argues, the USSR reacted similarly and equally ad hoc, allowing biological gerontology and geriatrics to develop as sciences and medical specialisations with little central direction. When political attention was focused on ageing, moreover, the Soviet response remained largely comparable to the West’s, with geriatric medicine slowly overtaking research into the foundations of ageing and yet remaining sorely underfunded and underpromoted.
Prescreening of Biological and Biorational Fungicides Against Common Hemp Pathogens Using In Vitro Analyses
Authors: Dixon Ed , Leonberger Kimberly , Szarka Desiree , Amsden Bernadette , Smith Henry , Krause Matthew , Gauthier Nicole 
Published: January 2022

Upon reintroduction of hemp in 2014 and legalization in 2018, labeled pesticides have remained limited. Further, consumer demand has aimed the market toward organic or chemical-free production systems. In efforts to manage diseases and pests in fields and greenhouses, producers turn toward biological and biorational formulations. Efficacy of these fungicides against common aerial diseases of hemp is largely unpublished. Challenges of efficacy testing, however, further delay or discourage research. In this study, we evaluated screening methods against some common biological products. The aim was to test a screening model in order to examine products against fungal pathogens and to identify demonstrable differences under controlled conditions. Thus, in this study, we prescreen 11 biological and biorational fungicides against four common fungal leaf and flower pathogens using three bioassays. Confirmation that the major modes of action for these products have measurable activity against major pathogens of hemp serves as a first step toward more complex field studies.
Parameter-Specific Morphing Reveals Contributions of Timbre to the Perception of Vocal Emotions in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: von Eiff Celina I. , Skuk Verena G. , Zäske Romi , Nussbaum Christine , Frühholz Sascha , Feuer Ute , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Schweinberger Stefan R. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
Research on cochlear implants (CIs) has focused on speech comprehension, with little research on perception of vocal emotions. We compared emotion perception in CI users and normal-hearing (NH) individuals, using parameter-specific voice morphing.

Design:
Twenty-five CI users and 25 NH individuals (matched for age and gender) performed fearful-angry discriminations on bisyllabic pseudoword stimuli from morph continua across all acoustic parameters (Full), or across selected parameters (F0, Timbre, or Time information), with other parameters set to a noninformative intermediate level.

Results:
Unsurprisingly, CI users as a group showed lower performance in vocal emotion perception overall. Importantly, while NH individuals used timbre and fundamental frequency (F0) information to equivalent degrees, CI users were far more efficient in using timbre (compared to F0) information for this task. Thus, under the conditions of this task, CIs were inefficient in conveying emotion based on F0 alone. There was enormous variability between CI users, with low performers responding close to guessing level. Echoing previous research, we found that better vocal emotion perception was associated with better quality of life ratings.

Conclusions:
Some CI users can utilize timbre cues remarkably well when perceiving vocal emotions.
The decision in severe upper-limb injuries: amputation or reconstruction? A retrospective case series
Authors: Anter Meselhy Mohammed , Halawa Abdelsamie M. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Large bone defects in the humerus that are associated with severe soft-tissue loss are a challenge. The aim of this study was to share the authors’ experience with the use of an Ilizarov apparatus in treating patients with severe open humeral fractures with large bone defects and soft-tissue compromise. The authors propose important prognostic factors for surgeons to consider when deciding on treating such cases.

Methods:
Sixteen patients with severely injured upper extremities with open humeral fractures associated with bone loss were treated with Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis in an attempt to salvage the limb. Trauma etiology were motor vehicle accidents in 12 patients and machine crushing injuries in four. All patients had open fracture Gustilo-Anderson grade IIIB. The mean bone loss was 10.67 cm (average, 5 cm to 19.5 cm). The radial nerve was completely lost at the site of injury or cut in all patients, the ulnar nerve was found in six patients, and the median nerves and brachial arteries were intact in all patients.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 31.1 yr (range, 21 to 42 yr). Twelve patients were men (75%). The left limb was injured in seven patients (43.75%), and all patients were right-hand dominant Average time of fixator use was 256.87 days, (range, 220 to 355). The mean follow-up period was 4.02 yr (range, 3 to 5 yr). At the end of the follow-up period, all sixteen limbs were salvaged, and bony union was achieved in all patients.

Conclusions:
In severely injured upper limbs, regardless of severity scores, the authors believe that reconstructive vascular impairment is the only reasons to carry out an amputation.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Risk factors of major intraoperative bleeding and postoperative bleeding associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasms
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Chai Ningli , Tang Xiaowei , Linghu Enqiang , Wang Shasha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Endoscopic resection bleeding (ERB) classification was proposed by the authors’ team to evaluate the severity of intraoperative bleeding (IB) during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). This study aimed to evaluate the application of ERB classification and to analyze the risk factors of major IB (MIB) and postoperative bleeding (PB) associated with ESD for gastric neoplastic lesions.

Methods:
We retrospectively enrolled a total of 1334 patients who underwent ESD between November 2006 and September 2019 at The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. All patients were divided into the non-MIB group (including ERB-0, ERB-controlled 1 [ERB-c1], and ERB-c2) and the MIB group (including ERB-c3 and ERB-uncontrolled [ERB-unc]) according to the ERB classification. Risk factors of major MIB and risk factors of PB were analyzed using a logistic regression model.

Results:
Among the 1334 patients, 773 (57.95%) had ERB-0, 477 (35.76%) had ERB-c1, 77 (5.77%) had ERB-c2, 7 (0.52%) had ERB-c3, and no patients had ERB-unc. The rate of PB in patients with IB classifications of ERB-0, ERB-c1, ERB-c2, and ERB-c3 were 2.20% (17/773), 3.35% (16/477), 9.09% (7/77), and 2/7, respectively. In multivariate analysis, proximal location (odds ratio [OR]: 1.488; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.045–3.645; P = 0.047) was the only significant risk factor of MIB. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR: 7.844; 95% CI: 1.637–37.583; P = 0.010) and MIB (ERB-c3) (OR: 13.932; 95% CI: 2.585–74.794; P = 0.002) were independent risk factors of PB.

Conclusions:
Proximal location of lesions was a significant risk factor of MIB. Additionally, CKD and MIB (ERB-c3) were independent risk factors of PB. More attention should be paid to these high-risk patients for MIB and PB.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nso Nso , Emmanuel Kelechi , Nassar Mahmoud , Rezaei Bookani Kaveh , Antwi-Amoabeng Daniel , Alshamam Mohsen , Kondaveeti Ravali , Kompella Ritika , Lakhdar Sofia , Rizzo Vincent , Sorkin Miry , Munira Most Sirajum , Radparvar Farshid 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Heart failure (HF) is a global disorder affecting around 6.2 million Americans aged 20 years and above. Neurovegetative disorders are common among such patients, and depression is a major problem that affects 20% to 40% of them. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of treatment that produces the most favorable results compared to other psychotherapies, especially among patients with depression and anxiety. We aim to summarize and synthesize evidence regarding the efficacy of CBT for patients with HF.

Methods:
We conducted this study by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant studies about CBT use in patients with HF. The outcomes were pooled as mean difference (MD) or standard MD with a 95% CI. The analysis was performed using the RevMan software.

Results:
Combined data from 9 randomized controlled trials (1070 patients) revealed that CBT can alleviate both depression symptoms in HF patients when measured using different scales after 3 months of follow-up (standard MD, −0.18 [95% CI, −0.33 to −0.02]; P = 0.03) and the quality of life after 3 and 6 months of follow-up (MD, 4.92 [95% CI, 1.14–8.71]; P = 0.01 and MD, 7.72 [95% CI, 0.77–14.68]; P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion:
CBT is an effective type of psychotherapy for dealing with depression, mediocre quality of life, and defective physical functioning; therefore, it should be considered in HF patients’ care.
Painful Purulent Nodules Caused by Mycobacterium at Site of Lipodissolve Injections
Authors: Kaur Harsimran , Reyes-Barron Cynthia , Sipprell William H. , Cameron Andrew , Louie Ted , Tsai Peihsuan R. , Scott Glynis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
“Lipodissolve” (LD) is a non–FDA-approved solution of phosphatidylcholine in deoxycholate that was developed around 2004. A study of its safety reported minor and uncommon side effects including pain, tender nodules, pigmentary alterations, and ulceration at the site of injection. We present a 53-year-old woman who received LD injections bilaterally to her proximal arms. One week later, she developed painful nodules at each injection site. She was treated with a 10-day course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole without improvement. An incisional biopsy was performed and showed deep dermal suppurative inflammation with numerous neutrophils and granulomas. Stains for bacteria, fungus, and acid-fast organisms were negative. Cultures for acid-fast bacilli grew Mycobacterium abscessus, sensitive to amikacin and clarithromycin. The patient was subsequently treated with intravenous amikacin, azithromycin, and bedaquiline with symptom resolution. Investigation revealed 3 similar infections linked to LD injections originating from the same physician's office. The most common organism implicated in injection infections is Staphylococcus aureus. Infections at injection sites caused by atypical mycobacteria have been reported to occur after tattooing, other types of injections, and implants. Of atypical mycobacteria, M. abscessus accounts for the greatest number of postinjection or iatrogenic infections. Common antitubercular drugs are not effective for treating atypical mycobacteria, making species identification and sensitivity testing imperative for treatment. This case highlights an unusual infection caused by cosmetic injections of LD, previously reported to be associated with minimal side effects, and the importance of examination for acid-fast bacilli and follow-up with culture, even in the absence of organisms identified on stained sections.
Dermatologists' Impressions of Spontaneously Regressing Verruca Plana Histopathology
Authors: Choi Soo Hyun , Park Sujin , Kim Do-Young 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Verruca plana in its regressing phase exhibits clinical and histological features distinct from classic verruca plana, but the ways in which these features should inform treatment plans are still under investigation. We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of 25 patients with features of classic verruca plana, or plane warts, who exhibited self-remission within 4 weeks of skin biopsy. Measures included lesion sites, clinical findings preceding regression, and histological analysis. Histological analysis involved review by 2 dermatologists followed by impressions given by 4 board-certified dermatologists who were blinded to the clinical characteristics of the patients. Histopathological findings of regressing plane warts showed superficial perivascular infiltration (96%), spongiosis and exocytosis (84%), basal vacuolization (64%), parakeratosis (64%), apoptotic keratinocytes (60%), and lichenoid infiltration (44%). These findings were more compatible with the histological patterns of pityriasis lichenoides, lichen planus, and spongiotic eczema, rather than classic verruca plana. This suggests that regressing verruca plana may be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions exhibiting a lichenoid or spongiotic reaction, and observation may be a favorable treatment plan in these patients.
Therapeutic Effects of New Pulsed-Type Microneedling Radiofrequency for Refractory Facial Pigmentary Disorders
Authors: Park Byeong Jin , Jung You Jin , Ro Young Suck , Chang Sung Eun , Kim Jeong Eun 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Numerous treatments for pigmentary disorders have been used with variable outcomes. Recently, a new radiofrequency (RF) device with minimal pulse duration has been introduced.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a pulsed-type microneedling RF device for treatment of facial pigmentary disorders.

METHODS
Forty-four patients diagnosed with facial melasma or Riehl melanosis received 5 treatments with RF at 2-week intervals, and evaluation was performed at each visits, including 4 and 8 weeks after the last treatment. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by investigator global assessment, patient global assessment score, and skin biophysical parameters of erythema index, melanin index (MI), and transepidermal water loss. Gene array and immunohistochemical staining including melan-A, Fontana silver, CD44, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and periodic acid–Schiff were performed.

RESULTS
Most of the patients showed clinical improvement. Erythema index, MI, and transepidermal water loss decreased after the first treatment. Histopathologic examination showed decrease of melanin pigment, melanophages, and blood vessel proliferation but thickened basement membrane after treatment. Expression of CD44 and b-FGF was decreased after treatment. There were no serious adverse events reported during the study.

CONCLUSION
Pulsed-type microneedling RF could be a treatment option for facial pigmentary disorders.