bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIFA Football Nurse – A task sharing approach in Sports and Exercise Medicine practice in grassroots women’s football in low- and middle- income settings. A study protocol for a parallel randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mkumbuzi Nonhlanhla Sharon , Massey Andrew , Lubega Samuel Kiwanuka , Chisati Enock 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFootball (soccer) is a very popular team sport among African women and girls, with player numbers continuing to rise at all levels of the sport. Whereas the participation in football and associated injuries are on the rise, there are not enough sports and exercise medicine (SEM) personnel to attend to these women football players. While Africa may not currently have enough SEM trained medical doctors and/or physiotherapists, it has relatively higher numbers of other healthcare workers; for example, nurses, who lead healthcare services provision from community to tertiary levels. The objectives of this study will be to develop a task sharing approach to actively recruit and train nurses as pitch side responders in grassroots women’s football in Malawi’s Women’s Football League. This study will be a parallel randomised control trial will recruit 24 teams from the Women’s Football League in Malawi, which will be randomised to either the intervention group or the control group. A cohort of 12 nurses will receive training in basic football medicine; after which they will be attached to a total of 12 women’s football teams (intervention group) during one competitive season. The Football Nurses will be directly report to a physiotherapist or doctor in their district to whom they will refer serious injuries for investigations, or further management. The teams with Football Nurses will be compared to other teams that will not have Football Nurses. We expect to develop a low cost, sustainable and context relevant solution to manage the treatment gap of football injuries/illnesses in underserved communities such as women’s football.Trial registration numberPan African Clinical Trial Registry(PACTR202205481965514).
Frameworks for measuring population health: a scoping review
Authors: Chan Sze Ling , Ho Clement Zhong Hao , Khaing Nang Ei Ei , Ho Ezra , Pong Candelyn , Chua Calida , Li Zongbin , Lim Trudi , Lam Sean Shao Wei , Low Lian Leng , How Choon How 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany regions in the world are using the population health approach and require a means to measure the health of their population of interest. Population health frameworks provide a theoretical grounding for conceptualization of population health and therefore a logical basis for selection of indicators. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview and summary of the characteristics of existing population health frameworks that have been used to conceptualize the measurement of population health.MethodsWe used the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) framework to define eligibility criteria of frameworks. We were interested in frameworks applicable for general populations, that contained components of measurement of health with or without its antecedents and applied at the population level or used a population health approach. Eligible reports of eligible frameworks should include at least domains and subdomains, purpose, or indicators. We searched 5 databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, NYAM Grey Literature Report, and OpenGrey), governmental and organizational sites on Google and websites of selected organizations using keywords from the PCC framework. Characteristics of the frameworks were summarized descriptively and narratively.ResultsForty-eight frameworks were included. The majority originated from the US (42%), Canada (23%) and Europe (23%). Apart from 1 framework developed for rural populations and 2 for indigenous populations, the rest were for general urban populations. The numbers of domains, subdomains and indicators were highly variable. Health status and social determinants of health were the most common domains across all frameworks. Different frameworks had different priorities and therefore focus on different domains.ConclusionKey domains common across frameworks other than health status were social determinants of health, health behaviours and healthcare system performance. The results in this review serve as a useful resource for governments and healthcare organizations for informing their population health measurement efforts.
Determining the toxicity and potential for environmental transport of pyridine using the brown crabCancer pagurus(L.)
Authors: Eastabrook Chloe L. , Maqueda Miguel Morales , Vagg Charlotte , Idomeh Joyce , Nasif-Whitestone Taskeen A. , Lawrence Poppy , Bronowska Agnieszka K. , Bothwell John H. , Sallach Brett J. , Redfern Joe , Caldwell Gary S. 
Published: November 2022

1AbstractA series of mass mortalities (wash-ups) of marine life were documented along England’s north east coastline with peaks in September and October 2021, coincident with a programme of intensified maintenance dredging of the River Tees. Decapod crustaceans were the worst affected fauna, with brown crab (Cancer pagurus), European lobster (Homarus gammarus, L.), green shore crab (Carcinus maenas, L.) and velvet swimming crab (Necora puber, L.) populations severely affected. Moribund animals presented with twitching behaviours and paralysis. A potential release of the industrial pollutant pyridine was forwarded as one explanation; however, toxicology data for pyridine in decapods is lacking. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by executing a programme of immersion exposure experiments (pyridine at 2 - 100 mg L-1) usingC. pagurus, measuring toxicity effects at the individual (survival) and cellular levels (cellular, mitochondrial, and lipid peroxidation reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the gills, hepatopancreas and claw muscle). Highest mortality rates were seen after 72 hours of exposure, returning an LC50value of 2.75 mg L-1. Exposed crabs presented with patterns of convulsions, limb twitching, paralysis, and death. Crabs exposed to the lowest pyridine dose (2 mg L-1) were noticeably more docile than controls. Concentration was a significant factor influencing mitochondrial ROS formation at low concentrations, with tissue type, time, and their interaction all significant at 100 mg L-1. Computer simulations were used to model the transport of any pyridine released from the dredging work, demonstrating the potential for a pyridine plume to extend from Seaham to the north of the Tees to Whitby and Robin Hood’s Bay to the south. This range corresponds well with the reported wash-ups and subsequent declines in catch rates.
Quantitative analyses of T cell motion in tissue reveals factors driving T cell search in tissues
Authors: Torres David J , Mrass Paulus , Byrum Janie , Gonzales Arrick , Martinez Dominick , Juarez Evelyn , Thompson Emily , Vezys Vaiva , Moses Melanie E , Cannon Judy L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractT cells are required to clear infection, moving first in lymph nodes to interact with antigen bearing dendritic cells leading to activation. T cells then move to sites of infection to find and clear infection. T cell motion plays a role in how quickly a T cell finds its target, from initial naïve T cell activation by a dendritic cell to interaction with target cells in infected tissue. To better understand how different tissue environments might affect T cell motility, we compared multiple features of T cell motion including speed, persistence, turning angle, directionality, and confinement of motion from T cells moving in multiple tissues using tracks collected with microscopy from murine tissues. We quantitatively analyzed naïve T cell motility within the lymph node and compared motility parameters with activated CD8 T cells moving within the villi of small intestine and lung under different activation conditions.Our motility analysis found that while the speeds and the overall displacement of T cells vary within all tissues analyzed, T cells in all tissues tended to persist at the same speed, particularly if the previous speed is very slow (less than 2µm/min) or very fast (greater than 8µm/min) with the exception of T cells in the villi for speeds greater than 10µm/min. Interestingly, we found that turning angles of T cells in the lung show a marked population of T cells turning at close to 180o, while T cells in lymph nodes and villi do not exhibit this “reversing” movement. Additionally, T cells in the lung showed significantly decreased meandering ratios and increased confinement compared to T cells in lymph nodes and villi. The combination of these differences in motility patterns led to a decrease in the total volume scanned by T cells in lung compared to T cells in lymph node and villi. These results suggest that the tissue environment in which T cells move can impact the type of motility and ultimately, the efficiency of T cell search for target cells within specialized tissues such as the lung.
Autotrophic biofilms sustained by deeply-sourced groundwater host diverse CPR bacteria implicated in sulfur and hydrogen metabolism
Authors: Alvarado Luis E. Valentin , Fakra Sirine C. , Probst Alexander J. , Giska Jonathan R. , Jaffe Alexander L. , Oltrogge Luke M. , West-Roberts Jacob , Rowland Joel , Manga Michael , Savage David F. , Greening Chris , Baker Brett J. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCandidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria are commonly detected yet enigmatic members of diverse microbial communities. Their host associations, metabolic capabilities, and potential roles in biogeochemical cycles remain under-explored. We studied chemoautotrophically-based biofilms that host diverse CPR bacteria and grow in sulfide-rich springs using bulk geochemical analysis, genome-resolved metagenomics and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) at room temperature and 87° K.ResultsCPR-affiliated Gracilibacteria, Absconditabacteria, Saccharibacteria, Peregrinibacteria, Berkelbacteria, Microgenomates, and Parcubacteria are members of two biofilm communities dominated by chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria includingThiothrixorBeggiatoa. STXM imaging revealed ultra-small cells along the surfaces of filamentous bacteria that we interpret are CPR bacterial episymbionts. STXM and NEXAFS spectroscopy at carbon K and sulfur L2,3edges show protein-encapsulated elemental sulfur spherical granules associated with filamentous bacteria, indicating that they are sulfur-oxidizers, likelyThiothrix. Berkelbacteria and Moranbacteria in the same biofilm sample are predicted to have a novel electron bifurcating group 3b [NiFe]-hydrogenase, putatively a sulfhydrogenase, potentially linked to sulfur metabolism via redox cofactors. This complex could potentially underpin a symbiosis involving Berkelbacteria and/or Moranbacteria and filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria such asThiothrixthat is based on cryptic sulfur cycling. One Doudnabacteria genome encodes adjacent sulfur dioxygenase and rhodanese genes that may convert thiosulfate to sulfite. We find similar conserved genomic architecture associated with CPR bacteria from other sulfur-rich subsurface ecosystems.ConclusionsOur combined metagenomic, geochemical, spectromicroscopic and structural bioinformatics analyses link some CPR bacteria to sulfur-oxidizing Proteobacteria, likelyThiothrix, and indicate roles for CPR bacteria in sulfur and hydrogen cycling.
Callosal inputs generate side-invariant receptive fields in the barrel cortex
Authors: Montanari Roberto , Alonso-Andrés Alicia , Cabrera-Moreno Jorge , Alegre-Cortés Javier , Reig Ramón 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBarrel cortex integrates contra- and ipsilateral whiskers’ inputs. While contralateral inputs depend on the thalamocortical innervation, ipsilateral ones are thought to rely on callosal axons. These are more abundant in the barrel cortex region bordering with S2 and containing the row A-whiskers representation, the row lying nearest to the facial midline. Here we ask what role this callosal axonal arrangement plays in ipsilateral tactile signalling. We found that novel object exploration with ipsilateral whiskers confines c-Fos expression within the highly callosal subregion. Targeting this area within vivopatch-clamp recordings revealed neurons with uniquely strong ipsilateral responses dependent on the corpus callosum, as assessed by tetrodotoxin silencing and by optogenetic activation of the contralateral hemisphere. Still, in this area, stimulation of contra- or ipsilateral row A-whiskers evoked an indistinguishable response in some neurons, mostly located in layers 5/6, indicating their involvement in the midline representation of the whiskers’ sensory space.
Genome Report: A blue mussel chromosome-scale genome assembly for aquaculture, marine ecology and evolution
Authors: Regan Tim , Hori Tiago S. , Bean Tim P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe blue mussel,Mytilus edulisis part of theMytilus edulisspecies complex, encompassing at least three putative species:M. edulis, M. galloprovincialisandM. trossulus. These three species occur on both sides of the Atlantic and hybridize in nature, and bothM. edulisandM. galloprovincialisare important aquaculture species. They are also invasive species in many parts of the world. Here, we present a chromosome-level assembly ofMytilus edulis. We used a combination of PacBio sequencing and Dovetail’s Omni-C technology to generate an assembly with 14 long scaffolds containing 94% of the predicted length of theM. edulisgenome (1.6 out of 1.7 Gb). Assembly statistics were total length 1.65 Gb, N50 = 116 Mb, L50 = 7 and, L90 = 13. BUSCO analysis showed 92.55% eukaryote BUSCOs identified. AB-Initioannotation using RNA-seq from mantle, gills, muscle and foot predicted 47,128 genes. These gene models were combined with Isoseq validation resulting in 65,505 gene models and 129,708 isoforms. Using GBS and shotgun sequencing, we also sequenced 3 North American populations ofMytilusto characterize single-nucleotide as well as structural variance. This high-quality genome forM. edulisprovides a platform to develop tools that can be used in breeding, molecular ecology and evolution to address questions of both commercial and environmental perspectives.
In siliconetwork-based screening reveals candidates for endothelial dysfunction therapy
Authors: Pinheiro-de-Sousa Iguaracy , Giudice Girolamo , Fonseca-Alaniz Miriam Helena , Modestia Silvestre Massimo , Mattioli Sarah Viana , Fang Yun , Petsalaki Evangelia , Krieger Jose E. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTEndothelial dysfunction (ED) is a hallmark of cardiovascular (CV) disorders and influences their progression; however, there are currently no direct therapeutic targets, primarily due to the lack of knowledge regarding ED’s molecular basis. We used a computational approach to identify candidate targets for ED treatment. We constructed an ED disease gene network by combining the integration of epigenomics (ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq-H3K27ac) and transcriptomics data (RNA-seq) from human aorta endothelial cells (HAEC) exposed to surrogates of primary CV risk factors using network propagation. We then usedin silicoperturbation to prioritise genes that could influence the ED network most when removed. This process resulted in identifying 17 key candidates for which chemical inhibitors are available. These are genes associated with ED and atherosclerosis, and drugs that target those genes have not yet been tested for the treatment of CV disorders. The EGLN3 target and its inhibitor displayed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in ECs assessed using a high-content screening platform. These findings illustrate the potential ofin silicoknockouts to discover disease-specific candidate targets for drug development or repositioning.
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeencodes multiple phase-variable DNA methyltransferases that comprise distinct phasevarions
Authors: Nahar Nusrat , Tram Greg , Jen Freda E-C , Phillips Zachary N. , Weinert Lucy A. , Bossé Janine T. , Jabbari Jafar S. , Gouil Quentin , Du Mei R. M. , Ritchie Matthew E. , Bowden Rory , Langford Paul R. , Tucker Alexander W. , Jennings Michael P. , Turni Conny , Blackall Patrick J. , Atack John M. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the cause of porcine pleuropneumonia, a severe respiratory tract infection that is responsible for major economic losses to the swine industry. Many host-adapted bacterial pathogens encode systems known as phasevarions (phase- variable regulons). Phasevarions result from variable expression of cytoplasmic DNA methyltransferases. Variable expression results in genome-wide methylation differences within a bacterial population, leading to altered expression of multiple genes via epigenetic mechanisms. Our examination of a diverse population ofA. pleuropneumoniaestrains determined that Type I and Type III DNA methyltransferases with the hallmarks of phase variation were present in this species. We demonstrate that phase variation is occurring in these methyltransferase, and show associations between particular Type III methyltransferase alleles and serovar. Using Pacific BioSciences Single-Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing and Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we demonstrate the presence of the first ever characterised phase-variable, cytosine-specific Type III DNA methyltransferase. Phase variation of distinct Type III DNA methyltransferase variants results in the regulation of distinct phasevarions, and in multiple phenotypic differences relevant to pathobiology. Our characterisation of these newly described phasevarions inA. pleuropneumoniaewill aid in the selection of stably expressed antigens, and direct and inform development of a rationally designed subunit vaccine against this major veterinary pathogen.
Deconvolution of plasma pharmacokinetics from dynamic heart imaging data obtained by SPECT/CT imaging
Authors: Wang Zengtao , Wang Lushan , Ebbini Malik , Curran Geoffry L. , Min Paul H. , Siegel Ronald A. , Lowe Val J. , Kandimalla Karunya K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlasma pharmacokinetic (PK) data is required as an input function for graphical analysis (e.g., Patlak plot) of single positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) data to evaluate tissue influx rate of radiotracers. Dynamic heart imaging data is often used as a surrogate of plasma PK. However, accumulation of radiolabel (representing both intact and degraded tracer) in the heart tissue may interfere with accurate prediction of plasma PK from the heart data. Therefore, we developed a compartmental model, which involves forcing functions to describe intact and degraded radiolabeled proteins in plasma and their accumulation in heart tissue, to deconvolve plasma PK of125I-amyloid beta 40 (125I-Aβ40) and125I-insulin from their dynamic heart imaging data. The three-compartment model was shown to adequately describe the plasma concentration-time profile of intact/degraded proteins and the heart radioactivity time data obtained from SPECT/CT imaging for both tracers. The model was successfully applied to deconvolve the plasma PK of both tracers from their naïve datasets of dynamic heart imaging. In agreement with our previous observations made by conventional serial plasma sampling, the deconvolved plasma PK of125I-Aβ40and125I-insulin in young mice exhibited lower area under the curve (AUC) than the aged mice. Further, Patlak plot parameters (Ki) extracted using deconvolved plasma PK as input function successfully recapitulated age-dependent blood-to-brain influx kinetics changes for both125I-Aβ40and125I-insulin. Therefore, the compartment model developed in this study provides a novel approach to deconvolve plasma PK of radiotracers from their noninvasive dynamic heart imaging. This method facilitates the application of preclinical SPECT or PET imaging data to characterize distribution kinetics of tracers where simultaneous plasma sampling is not feasible.
Machine learning-based personalized composite score dissects risk and protective factors for cognitive and motor function in elderly
Authors: Schalkamp Ann-Kathrin , Lerche Stefanie , Wurster Isabel , Roeben Benjamin , Zimmermann Milan , Fries Franca , von Thaler Anna-Katharina , Eschweiler Gerhard , Gasser Thomas , Maetzler Walter , Berg Daniela , Brockmann Kathrin , Sinz Fabian H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost nations worldwide have aging populations. With age, sensory, cognitive and motor abilities decline and the risk for neurodegenerative disorders increases. These multiple impairments influence the quality of life and increase the need for care, thus putting a high burden on society, the economy, and the healthcare system. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that influence healthy aging, in particular ones that are potentially modifiable by each subject through choice of lifestyle. However, large-scale studies that investigate the influence of multiple multi-modal factors on a global description of healthy aging measured by multiple clinical assessments are sparse. Here, we propose a Machine Learning (ML) model that simultaneously predicts multiple cognitive and motor outcome measurements on a personalized level recorded from one learned composite score. This personalized composite score is derived by the model from a large set of multi-modal components from the TREND cohort including genetic, biofluid, clinical, demographic and lifestyle factors. We found that a model based on a single composite score was able to predict cognitive and motor abilities almost as well as a flexible regression model specifically trained for each single clinical score. In contrast to the flexible regression model, our composite score-based model is able to identify factors that globally influence cognitive and motoric abilities as measured by multiple clinical scores. We used the model to identify several risk and protective factors for healthy aging and recover physical exercise as a major, modifiable, protective factor.
Innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to neuronal damage in human iPSC-derived peripheral neurons
Authors: Passos Vania , Henkel Lisa M. , Wang Jiayi , Zapatero-Belinchón Francisco J. , Möller Rebecca , Sun Guorong , Waltl Inken , Ritter Birgit , Kropp Kai A. , Zhu Shuyong , Deleidi Michela , Kalinke Ulrich , Höglinger Günter , Gerold Gisa , Wegner Florian , Viejo-Borbolla Abel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes neurological disease in some patients suggesting that infection can affect both the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS, respectively). It is not clear whether the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection of PNS and CNS neurons is similar, and which are the key factors that cause neurological disease: SARS-CoV-2 infection or the subsequent immune response. Here, we addressed these questions by infecting human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived CNS and PNS neurons with the β strain of SARS-CoV-2. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 infects PNS neurons more efficiently than CNS neurons, despite lower expression levels of angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Infected PNS neurons produced interferon λ1, several interferon stimulated genes and proinflammatory cytokines. They also displayed neurodegenerative-like alterations, as indicated by increased levels of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1, amyloid precursor protein and α-synuclein and lower levels of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 and β-III-tubulin. Interestingly, blockade of the Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway by Ruxolitinib did not increase SARS-CoV-2 infection, but reduced neurodegeneration, suggesting that an exacerbated neuronal innate immune response contributes to pathogenesis in the PNS.