bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases
Authors: Signori Davide , Magliocca Aurora , Hayashida Kei , Graw Jan A. , Malhotra Rajeev , Bellani Giacomo , Berra Lorenzo , Rezoagli Emanuele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in the biology of human life. NO is involved in the physiology of organ viability and in the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction, respectively. In this narrative review, we aimed at elucidating the mechanisms behind the role of NO in the respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular systems, in the presence of a healthy or dysfunctional endothelium. NO is a key player in maintaining multiorgan viability with adequate organ blood perfusion. We report on its physiological endogenous production and effects in the circulation and within the lungs, as well as the pathophysiological implication of its disturbances related to NO depletion and excess. The review covers from preclinical information about endogenous NO produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to the potential therapeutic role of exogenous NO (inhaled nitric oxide, iNO). Moreover, the importance of NO in several clinical conditions in critically ill patients such as hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, hemolysis, cerebrovascular events and ischemia–reperfusion syndrome is evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Accordingly, the mechanism behind the beneficial iNO treatment in hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension is investigated. Furthermore, investigating the pathophysiology of brain injury, cardiopulmonary bypass, and red blood cell and artificial hemoglobin transfusion provides a focus on the potential role of NO as a protective molecule in multiorgan dysfunction. Finally, the preclinical toxicology of iNO and the antimicrobial role of NO—including its recent investigation on its role against the Sars-CoV2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic—are described.
Efficacy of neural prolotherapy in treatment of meralgia paresthetica: a case series
Authors: Saba Emmanuel Kamal Aziz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Meralgia paresthetica is an entrapment neuropathy. Neuropathic pain was reported to be improved by using neural prolotherapy. Aim of the research was to assess and evaluate the short-term efficacy of neural prolotherapy on relieving pain, paresthesia and improving function and quality of life of patients with meralgia paresthetica. The study included 19 lower limbs with idiopathic meralgia paresthetica obtained from 15 patients. Subcutaneous perineural injection of dextrose (5%) in sterile water was given once. All patients were evaluated for outcome measures twice, at baseline visit and at follow-up visit four weeks after the injection which included: patient assessment of overall symptoms of meralgia paresthetica, patient assessment of meralgia paresthetica pain, patient assessment of meralgia paresthetica paresthesia and patient assessment of meralgia paresthetica effect on function and quality of life using visual analogue scale.

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in the visual analogue scale of patient assessment of overall meralgia paresthetica symptoms, patient assessment of meralgia paresthetica pain, patient assessment of meralgia paresthetica paresthesia and patient assessment of meralgia paresthetica effect on function and quality of life when the findings at the postinjection visit were compared to the preinjection assessment among all patients. All the patients tolerated the injection procedure-induced pain. All the patients experienced immediate postinjection relieve of the meralgia paresthetica pain. At the postinjection assessment visit, all patients were satisfied with the procedure. There were 12 lower limbs (63.2%) from 10 patients (66.6%) that showed improvement and recovery. Two patients of them had bilateral meralgia paresthetica. There was no patient withdrawal, and no patients were lost to follow-up. There was one lower limb (5.3%) from one patient (6.7%) who had bruises at the injection sites that resolved within few days after the procedure.

Conclusions
Neural prolotherapy is easy, safe, tolerable, effective and successful in treatment of meralgia paresthetica. It is effective in relieving pain, paresthesia and improving function and quality of life of patients with meralgia paresthetica. Neural prolotherapy injection should be included in the conservative treatment armamentarium of meralgia paresthetica.
Trial registration : NCT04499911. Registered 5 August 2020—retrospectively registered.
General practitioner experiences using a low back pain management booklet aiming to decrease non-indicated imaging for low back pain
Authors: Jenkins Hazel J. , Moloney Niamh A. , French Simon D. , Maher Chris G. , Dear Blake F. , Magnussen John S. , Hancock Mark J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Imaging is overused in the management of low back pain, resulting in overdiagnosis, increased healthcare utilisation, and increased costs. Few effective interventions to decrease inappropriate use have been developed and have typically not been developed using behaviour change theory. An intervention to reduce non-indicated imaging for low back pain was developed using behavioural change theory, incorporating a novel low back pain management booklet to facilitate patient education and reassurance. The aim of this study was to assess the adoption and feasibility of use of the developed intervention within clinical practice and to determine appropriate implementation strategies to address identified barriers to use.

Methods
Fourteen general medical practitioners were recruited and trained to use the booklet with low back pain patients over a minimum 5-month period. Quantitative data on use of the booklet were collected and analysed descriptively. Qualitative data on use of the booklet and training session were collected in general medical practitioner interviews and thematically analysed. Barriers to use were identified and mapped to suitable implementation strategies using the Behaviour Change Wheel.

Results
Practitioners used the booklet with 73 patients. The booklet was used with 63% of patients presenting with low back pain. Facilitators for using the booklet included patient’s requesting imaging and lower practitioner confidence in managing low back pain. Barriers included accessible storage and remembering to use the booklet. Implementation strategies were identified to increase adoption and feasibility of use, including development of a digital version of the booklet.

Conclusions
General medical practitioners reported that the low back pain management booklet and training were useful for clinical practice, particularly with patients requesting imaging. Barriers to use were identified and implementation strategies to address these barriers will be incorporated into future effectiveness studies. This study forms one of a series of studies to thoroughly develop and test an intervention to reduce non-indicated imaging for low back pain; a successful intervention would decrease healthcare costs and improve patient management.
Wear-resistant surface coloring by ultrathin optical coatings
Authors: Geng Jiao , Shi Liping , Ni Junhuan , Jia Qiannan , Yan Wei , Qiu Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe design, fabricate, optically and mechanically characterize wearable ultrathin coatings on various substrates, including sapphire, glass and silicon wafer. Extremely hard ceramic materials titanium nitride (TiN), aluminium nitride (AlN), and titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) are employed as reflective, isolated and absorptive coating layer, respectively. Two types of coatings have been demonstrated. First, we deposit TiAlN after TiN on various substrates (TiAlN-TiN, total thicknesses <100 nm), achieving vivid and viewing-angle independent surface colors. The colors can be tuned by varying the thickness of TiAlN layer. The wear resistance of the colorful ultrathin optical coatings is verified by scratch tests. The Mohs hardness of commonly used surface coloring made of Si-/Ge-metals on substrates is <2.5, as soft as fingernail. However, the Mohs hardness of our TiAlN-TiN on substrates is evaulated to be 7-9, harder than quartz. Second, Fano-resonant optical coating (FROC), which can transmit and reflect the same color as a beam split filter is also obtained by successively coating TiAlN-TiN-AlN-TiN (four-layer film with a total thickness of 130 nm) on transparent substrates. The FROC coating is as hard as glass. Such wearable and color-tunable thin-film structural colors and filters may be attractive for many practical applications such as sunglasses.
Immune Modulation of Adipocyte Mitochondrial Metabolism
Authors: Hertzel Ann V , Yong Jeongsik , Chen Xiaoli , Bernlohr David A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Immune cells infiltrate adipose tissue as a function of age, sex, and diet, leading to a variety of regulatory processes linked to metabolic disease and dysfunction. Cytokines and chemokines produced by resident macrophages, B cells, T cells and eosinophils play major role(s) in fat cell mitochondrial functions modulating pyruvate oxidation, electron transport and oxidative stress, branched chain amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and apoptosis. Indeed, cytokine-dependent downregulation of numerous genes affecting mitochondrial metabolism is strongly linked to the development of the metabolic syndrome, whereas the potentiation of mitochondrial metabolism represents a counterregulatory process improving metabolic outcomes. In contrast, inflammatory cytokines activate mitochondrially linked cell death pathways such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. As such, the adipocyte mitochondrion represents a major intersection point for immunometabolic regulation of central metabolism.
The Differential Effects of Adiposity and Fitness on Functional Connectivity in Preadolescent Children
Authors: LOGAN NICOLE E. , WESTFALL DANIEL R. , RAINE LAUREN B. , ANTERAPER SHEEBA A. , CHADDOCK-HEYMAN LAURA , WHITFIELD-GABRIELI SUSAN , KRAMER ARTHUR F. , HILLMAN CHARLES H. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Childhood obesity is a global health concern, with >340 million youth considered overweight or obese. In addition to contributing greatly to health care costs, excess adiposity associated with obesity is considered a major risk factor for premature mortality from cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and is also negatively associated with cognitive and brain health. A complementary line of research highlights the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness, a by-product of engaging in physical activity, on an abundance of health factors, including cognitive and brain health.

Methods
This study investigated the relationship among excess adiposity (visceral adipose tissue [VAT], subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue), total abdominal adipose tissue, whole-body percent fat [WB%FAT], body mass index (BMI), and fat-free cardiorespiratory fitness (FF-V̇O2max) on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in 121 (f = 68) children (7–11 yr) using a data-driven whole-brain multivoxel pattern analysis.

Results
Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed brain regions that were significantly associated with VAT, BMI, WB%FAT, and FF-V̇O2 measures. Yeo’s (2011) RSFC-based seven-network cerebral cortical parcellation was used for labeling the results. Post hoc seed-to-voxel analyses found robust negative correlations of VAT and BMI with areas involved in the visual, somatosensory, dorsal attention, ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal, and default mode networks. Further, positive correlations of FF-V̇O2 were observed with areas involved in the ventral attention and frontoparietal networks. These novel findings indicate that negative health factors in childhood may be selectively and negatively associated with the 7 Yeo-defined functional networks, yet positive health factors (FF-V̇O2) may be positively associated with these networks.

Conclusions
These novel results extend the current literature to suggest that BMI and adiposity are negatively associated with, and cardiorespiratory fitness (corrected for fat-free mass) is positively associated with, RSFC networks in children.
Sexual Harassment and Abuse among Young Elite Athletes, Recreational Athletes, and Reference Students: A Prospective Study
Authors: SØLVBERG NINA , TORSTVEIT MONICA KLUNGLAND , ROSENVINGE JAN H. , PETTERSEN GUNN , SUNDGOT-BORGEN JORUNN 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the 12-month prevalence and 12-month prospective change in reported sexual harassment and abuse (SHA) victimization among young elite athletes, recreational athletes, and reference students in three different social settings and to identify the perpetrators.

Methods
In total, 919 adolescents responded to an online questionnaire in 12th grade (T1) and 13th grade (T2). The sample consisted of elite athletes (n = 482) and recreational athletes (n = 233) attending Norwegian elite sport high schools (n = 26), and reference students (n = 200) attending ordinary high schools with no sport specialization (n = 6). Data were analyzed using independent-sample t-test, Pearson χ2 for independence/Fisher’s exact test, McNemar test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results
The total 12-month prevalence of SHA was 38.6% at T1 and 35.1% at T2. Most of the participants (74.6%–85.0%) reported no change in SHA from T1 to T2. The prevalence of SHA was higher for girls compared with boys, and elite athletes reported less SHA than recreational athletes and reference students, respectively. SHA occurred most often in a free time setting. Verbal sexual harassment, nonverbal sexual harassment, and physical SHA were reported by 24.6%, 27.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. Peers were reported as perpetrators by 83.1%, trainer/teacher/health personnel by 20.1%, and “other” perpetrators by 56.4%.

Conclusions
Because one in three elite athletes and nearly one in two recreational athletes and reference students, respectively, reported SHA victimization within a 12-month period, well-targeted preventive measures are needed for both young athletes and nonathletes.
Comparison of five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Tassoker Melek , Öziç Muhammet Üsame , Yuce Fatma 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic radiographs. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 744 female patients over 50 years of age were labeled as C1, C2, and C3 depending on the MCI. The data of the present study were reviewed in different categories including (C1, C2, C3), (C1, C2), (C1, C3), and (C1, (C2 +C3)) as two-class and three-class predictions. The data were separated randomly as 20% test data, and the remaining data were used for training and validation with fivefold cross-validation. AlexNET, GoogleNET, ResNET-50, SqueezeNET, and ShuffleNET deep-learning models were trained through the transfer learning method. The results were evaluated by performance criteria including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, AUC, and training duration. The Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) method was applied for visual interpretation of where deep-learning algorithms gather the feature from image regions. Results: The dataset (C1, C2, C3) has an accuracy rate of 81.14% with AlexNET; the dataset (C1, C2) has an accuracy rate of 88.94% with GoogleNET; the dataset (C1, C3) has an accuracy rate of 98.56% with AlexNET; and the dataset (C1,(C2+C3)) has an accuracy rate of 92.79% with GoogleNET. Conclusion: The highest accuracy was obtained in the differentiation of C3 and C1 where osseous structure characteristics change significantly. Since the C2 score represent the intermediate stage (osteopenia), structural characteristics of the bone present behaviors closer to C1 and C3 scores. Therefore, the data set including the C2 score provided relatively lower accuracy results.
Retrospective analysis of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine intravenous anesthesia combined with brachial plexus block on shoulder arthroscopic surgery in elderly patients
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhao Lingling , Lv Liangce , Li Songxue 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To analyze the effect of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine intravenous anesthesia combined with brachial plexus block on shoulder arthroscopic surgery in elderly patients.
Methods: This retrospective study conducted at Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, investigated clinical data from elderly patients receiving shoulder arthroscopy between January 2020 and June 2021. Based on the treatment, patients were retrospectively divided into Group-I (remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine) and Group-II (remifentanil continuous pump injection). Hemodynamic indices, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), degree of pain (VAS score), and stress response marker levels were examined prior to the operation and at various time points post-operation. Operation time and adverse reaction incidences were also evaluated.
Results: There was no significant differences in MAP and HR between the two groups prior to the operation. However, MAP and HR levels were lower in Group-I patients at three time points post-operation. Similarly, VAS scores were not different between the two groups prior to the operation but were much lower in Group-I at multiple time points post-operation. The same trend was observed for the stress-induced angiotensin-II, cortisol, and aldosterone. Additionally, patients in Group-I had lower incidence of adverse reactions and shorter operation time.
Conclusion: Remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine intravenous anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia combined with brachial plexus block in elderly patients can maintain hemodynamic stability, shorten operation time, reduce the degree of stress reaction, pain caused by invasive operation, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5724
How to cite this:Zhang Y, Zhao L, Lv L, Li S. Retrospective analysis of remifentanil combined with dexmedetomidine intravenous anesthesia combined with brachial plexus block on shoulder arthroscopic surgery in elderly patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5724
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of high viscosity bone cement percutaneous vertebroplasty on pain, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, Type-I collage cross-linked-telopeptide and Boneglaprotein levels in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Zhang Guangcheng , Zhu Juan , Zhang Qing , Tang Jiazhu , Nie Mingjun 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty with high viscosity bone cement on pain and the levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), Type-I collagen cross-linked telopeptide (CTX) and serum osteocalcin (BGP) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
Methods: The medical records of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated in our hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were selected after retrospective analysis. Patients (43) who received low viscosity bone cement percutaneous vertebroplasty comprised Group-I, and patients (56) who received high viscosity bone cement percutaneous vertebroplasty, comprised Group-II of the study. The occurrence of bone cement leakage, pain (VAS scores), BALP, CTX and BGP were compared and analyzed between the two groups.
Results: The incidence of bone cement leakage in Group-II was 16.28%, lower than 3.57% in Group-I (P<0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of patients in Group-II were lower than those in Group-I at one and three months after the surgery (P<0.05). The levels of BALP and BGP in Group-II were higher than those in Group-I three months after the surgery (P<0.05), and CTX was lower than those in Group-I (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Percutaneous vertebroplasty with high viscosity bone cement in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures can reduce the incidence of bone cement leakage and help to further reduce pain and improve bone metabolism.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5828
How to cite this:Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Tang J, Nie M. Effects of high viscosity bone cement percutaneous vertebroplasty on pain, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, Type-I collage cross-linked-telopeptide and Boneglaprotein levels in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5828
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Intrapartum care intervention fidelity and factors associated with it in South Wollo Administrative Zone, Northeast Ethiopia.
Authors: Molla Asressie , Gebeyehu Dr Abebaw , Mekonnen Professor Solomon , ALemu Professor Kassahun , Tigabu Dr Zemene 
Published: June 2022

Abstract Background: Implementation of recommended intrapartum care intervention varies across places due to contextual socio-cultural and behavioral determinants. Previous research has utilized several operationalizations to measure intrapartum intervention content and has failed to analyze provider and facility-related factors that influence intrapartum intervention content. So yet, no study has used intervention fidelity metrics to assess intrapartum care. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing institutional intrapartum care intervention fidelity & factors associated with it. Methods: On randomly selected keabeles (study sites), a cross-sectional study design was used. All health posts and health extension workers within the specified area were included, as were 898 postnatal mothers within six months of delivery. Data was collected via an interview, self-administered questionnaires, and an observation checklist. To calculate the institutional delivery coverage and intrapartum care intervention fidelity, descriptive statistics were used. The weighted sum of all intrapartum care components and institutional delivery coverage were used to calculate intrapartum care intervention fidelity. The researchers utilized a multilevel linear regression analysis model to find characteristics linked to intrapartum care intervention fidelity. Results: In this study, institutional delivery coverage was 60.9% (95% CI: 57.7 – 64.1) with intrapartum care intervention fidelity of 35.6% (95% CI: 31.3-35.9). Moreover, only 21 (2.3%) of mothers received all of the contents of intrapartum care intervention. Health posts’ distance from mothers’ home, unskilled birth attendant, poor relationship between HEWs and HC staffs and low HEWs knowledge of danger signs were statistically significant barriers while HEWs as birth attendant were facilitators for Intrapartum care intervention fidelity. Conclusion: This study investigated that intrapartum care intervention fidelity was low. This finding indicated that distance from health institution inhibit mothers to receive skilled intrapartum care interventions as recommended.