bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweetpotato chip texture and fat content: Effects of enzymatic modification of cell wall polymers
Authors: Allan Matthew C. , Johanningsmeier Suzanne D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImpacts of cell wall polymers on sweetpotato chip texture and fat content were investigated through enzymatic modification. Covington sweetpotato slices were treated with cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, pectin methyl esterase, protease, the enzyme blend Viscozyme, or no enzymes (control) at 40–45°C for 0.5–2 h. Treated slices were blanched, dried, and fried in triplicate per experimental condition. Breaking forces of 20 chips per frying replicate were measured followed by chip fat, moisture, sugar, alcohol insoluble solids, glass transition temperature, and color analyses. Untreated slices from each batch (daily check) were fried and analyzed to account for starting material variability. Viscozyme and protease‐treated chips had the greatest reduction in breaking force from untreated chips (−30.9% and −23.7%, respectively), while pectin methyl esterase‐treated chips had the lowest reduction in breaking force (−9.0%). Chips treated with Viscozyme for 2 h were 6.7‐6.3 percentiles lower in fat than the control. Principal component analysis elucidated that chip breaking force was associated with unfried slice puncture force, alcohol insoluble solids, and chip color, and chip fat content was inversely associated with maltose content and glass transition temperature. Breaking down multiple cell wall polysaccharides or structural proteins weakened chip textures, while strengthening the pectic fraction resulted in harder chips. Chip fat reduction also occurred when multiple cell wall polysaccharides were broken down. Therefore, cell wall polymers impact sweetpotato chip texture and fat contents, and their attributes should be considered when selecting cultivars and processes for sweetpotato chips.Practical ApplicationSweetpotato chips are an increasingly popular snack, but there is little understanding how cell wall polymers impact chip textures and fat contents. Raw sweetpotato slices were enzymatically treated to selectively modify cell wall polymers before frying. Chip breaking forces were lowered by protease or Viscozyme (cell wall enzyme blend) treatments, while breaking forces were increased with pectin methyl esterase. In addition, chip fat contents were reduced by the Viscozyme treatment. Since cell wall modifications could impact chip texture and fat content, cell wall polymer attributes should be considered in selection and processing of sweetpotatoes for chip manufacturing.
An Evaluation of Indices of Biotic Integrity for Algal and BMI Assemblages in Streams of the Los Angeles Region
Authors: Simons Ariel Levi , Bozone Sophia , DePrima Cella , Diaz Lester , Lu Veronica , Manson Colbert , Mack Ayahna , Wong Corisa 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe Los Angeles region contains a number of heavily altered watersheds, resulting in the degradation of both water and habitat quality along numerous streams. Assessing the impacts of these anthropogenic stressors on biological communities has primarily focused on the California Stream Condition Index (CSCI), a measure of the biotic integrity of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. To complement the CSCI an Algal Stream Condition Index (ASCI) was developed to assess the biotic integrity of both soft‐bodied and diatomaceous algal assemblages. Using random forest modeling, we evaluated the performances of the CSCI, the ASCI for diatom assemblages (D_ASCI), and the ASCI for hybrid assemblages containing both diatoms and soft‐bodied algae (H_ASCI). We found that our models of the D_ASCI and H_ASCI could account for approximately 77% and 78% of their observation variation across the watersheds of the Los Angeles region, nearly as high as the 82% accounted for by the CSCI. This indicates the future potential of using indices of biotic integrity based on, or in part, diatom assemblages for streams in this region as additional forms of bioassessment.
Impact of ventricular arrhythmia on LVAD implantation admission outcomes
Authors: Ruge Max , Kochar Kirpal , Ullah Waqas , Hajduczok Alexander , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang , Rame J. Eduardo , Alvarez Rene , Brailovsky Yevgeniy , Rajapreyar Indranee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionVentricular arrhythmias (VAs) are common after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation though data are mixed on whether these events have an impact on mortality.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2002–2019 was queried for LVAD implantation admissions. Secondary ICD codes were analyzed to assess for the occurrence of VAs during this admission. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for confounding variables between those with versus without VAs.ResultsThe NIS database from 2002–2019 contained 43 936 admissions with LVAD implantation. VAs occurred in 19 985 (45.4%) patients. After PSM, the study cohort consisted of 39 989 patients, 19 985 (50.0%) of which had a secondary diagnosis of VA during the admission. When compared to those without VA, those with VA were at no higher risk for in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.011, 99.9% CI 0.956–1.069, p = 0.699). Those with a VA were at higher risk for cardiogenic shock and requiring mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement. Patients with a VA were also at lower risk for device thrombosis. Conversely, the VA group was at no higher risk for stroke. In comparing trends from 2002 to 2019, the incidence of VAs has increased, while the mortality rate of those with and without VAs has decreased during this same period.ConclusionIn this retrospective study of the NIS database, VAs were common (45.4%) during the LVAD implantation admission. However, the occurrence of VAs during the implantation admission did not alter in‐hospital mortality. More longitudinal studies are required to assess the long‐term impact of VAs on mortality. In comparing trends from 2002–2019, the incidence of VAs has increased, while the mortality rate of those with and without VAs has decreased.
Impact of structured physical therapy protocol among heart transplant recipients while on intra‐aortic balloon pump in the pretransplant period
Authors: Patnaik Soumya , Nathan Sriram , Bui Amanda , Kar Biswajit , Gregoric Igor D. , Gilley Christa Bauer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundUse of prolonged femoral intra‐aortic balloon pump support limits the mobility of patients awaiting heart transplant. We assessed the safety and outcomes of a structured, tilting physical therapy protocol in patients supported by intra‐aortic balloon pumps while awaiting transplant.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed five years of transplant patients. Eighteen patients received femoral intra‐aortic balloon support, a heart transplant, and met all eligibility criteria. We compared complications and outcomes between patients who received the structured, tilting physical therapy (Protocol Group) and those that received standard of care (Control Group).ResultsComplications were not significantly different between groups. The majority of the Protocol Group were discharged to home (10/12), while half (3/6) of the Control Group were discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Post‐transplant length of stay was significantly less in the Protocol Group (median 16 vs. 28 days, p = 0.03).ConclusionDespite the small number analyzed, the data indicates that the structured, tilting physical therapy protocol led to a significantly reduced length of stay post‐transplantation. Importantly, use of the protocol did not result in access site complications, thrombosis, or arrhythmias in the majority of the patients.
Editorial: Percutaneous placement of a permanent tunnelled catheter for patients with non‐malignant ascites—Is it safe?
Authors: Gluud Lise Lotte , Kimer Nina , Møller Søren 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tergast et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16831 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17157
Editorial: progress towards more comprehensively understanding the sources of corticosteroids for patients with IBD
Authors: Haydek John P. , Scott Frank I. 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Rosiou et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17039 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17140
Editorial: changes in renal function and bone mineral density after switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide in chronic hepatitis B patients—author's reply
Authors: Papatheodoridis George V. 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Papatheodoridis et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17093 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17117
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: efficacy of peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ingrosso Maria Rosa , Ianiro Gianluca , Nee Judy , Lembo Anthony J. , Moayyedi Paul , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common disorders of gut‐brain interaction, with a complex pathophysiology. Antispasmodics are prescribed as first‐line therapy because of their action on gut dysmotility. In this regard, peppermint oil also has antispasmodic properties.AimTo update our previous meta‐analysis to assess efficacy and safety of peppermint oil, particularly as recent studies have cast doubt on its role in the treatment of IBSMethodsWe searched the medical literature up to 2nd April 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of peppermint oil in IBS. Efficacy and safety were judged using dichotomous assessments of effect on global IBS symptoms or abdominal pain, and occurrence of any adverse event or of gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Data were pooled using a random effects model, with efficacy and safety reported as pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe identified 10 eligible RCTs (1030 patients). Peppermint oil was more efficacious than placebo for global IBS symptoms (RR of not improving = 0.65; 95% CI 0.43–0.98, number needed to treat [NNT] = 4; 95% CI 2.5–71), and abdominal pain (RR of abdominal pain not improving = 0.76; 95% CI 0.62–0.93, NNT = 7; 95% CI 4–24). Adverse event rates were significantly higher with peppermint oil (RR of any adverse event = 1.57; 95% CI 1.04–2.37).ConclusionsPeppermint oil was superior to placebo for the treatment of IBS, but adverse events were more frequent, and quality of evidence was very low. Adequately powered RCTs of peppermint oil as first‐line treatment for IBS are needed.
Randomised clinical trial and meta‐analysis: mesalazine treatment in irritable bowel syndrome—effects on gastrointestinal symptoms and rectal biomarkers of immune activity
Authors: Castro Tejera Valeria , Öhman Lena , Aabakken Lars , Fellström Bengt , Hausken Trygve , Hovde Øistein , Hreinsson Johann P. , Lindberg Greger , Venge Per , Simrén Magnus , Törnblom Hans 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundLow‐grade immune activation in the gut is a potential treatment target in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).AimsTo determine improvement in IBS symptoms after mesalazine treatment, and the utility of measures of immune activity in the rectal mucosaMethodsThis was a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐arm, multicentre trial in subjects with IBS (Rome III criteria), with an eight‐week treatment period of mesalazine 2400 mg or plcebo once‐daily. The primary endpoint was the global assessment of satisfactory relief of IBS symptoms in ≥50% of weeks during intervention. IBS symptoms were also measured with the IBS severity scoring system; immune activity was measured by mucosal patch technology. A post hoc meta‐analysis of randomised placebo‐controlled trials of mesalazine in IBS was added.ResultsOf 181 included patients, 91 received mesalazine and 90 received placebo. The primary endpoint was met by 32 (36%) patients after mesalazine and 27 (30%) after placebo (p = 0.40). There were no differences in response rates related to IBS subtype or post‐infection symptom onset. More reduction of abdominal bloating was noted in the mesalazine group (p = 0.02). The meta‐analysis showed no effect of mesalazine on IBS symptoms. No mucosal patch technology measure could predict response to mesalazine, and found no differences in the effects of intervention on levels of immune markers.ConclusionsMesalazine is ineffective in reducing IBS symptoms. Rectal measures of immune activity by the mucosal patch technology cannot predict a higher chance of response to mesalazine.
Precision therapy with quinidine of KCNT1‐related epileptic disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Xu Da , Chen Shuang , Yang Jun , Wang Xiufeng , Fang Zhi , Li Man 
Published: August 2022

AimsDespite numerous studies on quinidine therapies for epilepsies associated with KCNT1 gene mutations, there is no consensus on its clinical utility. Thus, we reviewed studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of quinidine in KCNT1‐related epileptic disorders.MethodsElectronic databases were queried for in vivo and in vitro studies on quinidine therapy in KCNT1‐related epilepsies published on or before 1 May 2022. The evaluation of evidence was done as per the American Academy of Neurology's classification scheme. Identification of significant factors that possibly influenced therapeutic effects of quinidine were performed using χ2 tests.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies containing 82 patient records were reviewed. Records of 80 patients with 33 KCNT1 mutations were analysed, of which 20 patients had gained ≥50% seizure reduction due to quinidine therapy. However, quinidine therapy often had different effects on patients with the same KCNT1 mutation. Age, genotypes of KCNT1 mutations, seizure types and brain MRI did not significantly influence the therapeutic effect of quinidine. Prolonged QTc was the most common among all adverse events with quinidine. Notably, results of in vitro quinidine tests did not correspond with in vivo tests.ConclusionsTherapeutic effects of quinidine on KCNT1‐related epilepsies remained indefinite as contradictory results were detected in similar patients. Age, seizure types, genotypes of KCNT1 mutations and brain MRI did not influence the therapeutic effects of quinidine. Insensitivity to quinidine by a certain Kcnt1 genotype in molecular tests is predictive of its inefficacy in human populations of the respective mutation.
Do board subcommittees boost European firm value? The moderating role of gender diversity on boards
Authors: Grau Alfredo , Bel Inmaculada 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to analyse the moderating effect of corporate board gender diversity on firm value for 1490 European listed companies between 2016 and 2018. The aim is to investigate whether companies that have different subcommittees (Audit, Corporate Governance, Nomination and Compensation), or that have financial expertise on the audit committee, see increases or decreases in firm value due to the moderating effect of gender diversity. The most striking evidence reveals that the effect of gender diversity on corporate boards, considering all countries in the European sample, could positively impact firm value by moderating the corporate governance and compensation committees. In contrast, when grouped by governance structure, only in the case of one‐tier boards is the moderating effect on the governance committee determinant. Likewise, this moderating effect on the compensation committee may increase firm value, but only in countries with two‐tier corporate boards. On the other hand, our results suggest that the moderating role of women directors on the audit committee with financial expertise and on the nomination committee, while not increasing firm value, could prevent its further decline by acting as a shield for the Nordic and two‐tier groups, respectively. Our findings have important implications for company managers, as these subcommittees could exert a positive influence on the decision‐making process, such as reducing information asymmetries and agency costs.
Broad‐scale climate variation drives the dynamics of animal populations: a global multi‐taxa analysis
Authors: Wan Xinru , Holyoak Marcel , Yan Chuan , Le Maho Yvon , Dirzo Rodolfo , Krebs Charles J. , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTClimate is a major extrinsic factor affecting the population dynamics of many organisms. The Broad‐Scale Climate Hypothesis (BSCH) was proposed by Elton to explain the large‐scale synchronous population cycles of animals, but the extent of support and whether it differs among taxa and geographical regions is unclear. We reviewed publications examining the relationship between the population dynamics of multiple taxa worldwide and the two most commonly used broad‐scale climate indices, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our review and synthesis (based on 561 species from 221 papers) reveals that population changes of mammals, birds and insects are strongly affected by major oceanic shifts or irregular oceanic changes, particularly in ENSO‐ and NAO‐influenced regions (Pacific and Atlantic, respectively), providing clear evidence supporting Elton's BSCH. Mammal and insect populations tended to increase during positive ENSO phases. Bird populations tended to increase in positive NAO phases. Some species showed dual associations with both positive and negative phases of the same climate index (ENSO or NAO). These findings indicate that some taxa or regions are more or less vulnerable to climate fluctuations and that some geographical areas show multiple weather effects related to ENSO or NAO phases. Beyond confirming that animal populations are influenced by broad‐scale climate variation, we document extensive patterns of variation among taxa and observe that the direct biotic and abiotic mechanisms for these broad‐scale climate factors affecting animal populations are very poorly understood. A practical implication of our research is that changes in ENSO or NAO can be used as early signals for pest management and wildlife conservation. We advocate integrative studies at both broad and local scales to unravel the omnipresent effects of climate on animal populations to help address the challenge of conserving biodiversity in this era of accelerated climate change.
Impact of topical emollient, steroids alone or combined with calcipotriol, on the immune infiltrate and clinical outcome in psoriasis
Authors: Heim Marjorie , Irondelle Marie , Duteil Luc , Cardot‐Leccia Nathalie , Rocchi Stéphane , Passeron Thierry , Tulic Meri K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease whereby long‐term disease control remains a challenge for the patients. Latest evidence suggests that combined topical treatment with steroids and vitamin D analogue foam (Calcipotriol/Betamethasone) is efficient in long‐term management of the disease and reducing the number of relapses. Its effects on cellular inflammation and cytokine production remain to be explored. We set out to examine the effect of topical therapies on cellular infiltrate and cytokine profile in the lesional skin of psoriasis patients. This was a monocentric, double‐blind, randomized trial with 30 patients. Patients were treated with the combined Calcipotriol/Betamethasone foam, Betamethasone foam alone, Clobetasol Propionate ointment or placebo. 4 mm skin biopsies from lesional and non‐lesional sites were taken before and 4 weeks after treatment. Cellular infiltrate, IFNγ and IL‐17 were studied by immunofluorescence. Each patient was their own control. Evolution in skin inflammation was studied in parallel with changes in patient's epidermal thickness and their tPASI clinical score. Lesional skin was characterized by increased epidermal thickness, increased number of IL‐17 and IFNγ producing CD8+ T cells, NK cells and neutrophils. All treatment reduced epidermal thickness and improved patients tPASI scores. Only the combined Calcipotriol/Betamethasone foam completely abolished epidermal and dermal influx of CD8+ T cells, reduced number of CD8 + IFNγ+ cells (but not CD8 + IL‐17+ cells) and significantly reduced the number of MPO+ neutrophils which were predominantly IL‐17+. None of the treatments had effect on NK cells. We have shown the combined topical treatment with Calcipotriol/Betamethasone foam to be effective in reducing cellular influx into lesional skin of psoriasis patients and this effect to be superior to emollient or Betamethasone alone. Its previously described efficacy in the clinic may be attributed to its unique and rapid ability to inhibit both adaptive CD8+ T cell and innate immune neutrophilia influx into the skin, which was not observed for the other treatments.
Zooplankton assemblage structure and diversity since pre‐industrial times in relation to land use
Authors: Paquette Cindy , Griffiths Katherine , Gregory‐Eaves Irene , Beisner Beatrix E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimWhile it is now well accepted that human activities are having pronounced effects on natural ecosystems, regional variation in the rate and magnitude of various human impacts is unclear. Moreover, the effects of land use change on natural aquatic communities have only relatively recently begun to be explored. Our goal was to understand how and where assemblages of a central food web component of freshwater lakes have changed over the course of industrialization in relation to land use.LocationCanada.Time periodPre‐1880 AD to present.Major taxa studiedCladoceran zooplankton.MethodsAs part of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canadian Lake Pulse Network, we selected 101 lakes across Canada along a gradient of human impact to analyse subfossil cladoceran assemblages from sediment cores. We examined relationships between taxonomic and functional indicators of cladoceran assemblage change among lakes and through time.ResultsContemporary assemblages were taxonomically and functionally less diverse locally relative to pre‐industrial assemblages (α‐diversity) and were structured by the degree of human impact in watersheds. Local α‐diversity losses were greatest in highly impacted lakes where agriculture and pasture are prevalent. While spatial homogenization (spatial β‐diversity) did not increase since pre‐industrial times as expected, temporal turnover (temporal β‐diversity) showed a non‐significant but increasing trend in highly impacted lakes, especially in urbanized watersheds.Main conclusionsCladoceran assemblages have changed significantly over the course of the Industrial period, and especially in more highly impacted watersheds, underscoring the important role of watershed land use in shaping diversity. However, indicators of cladoceran function have remained relatively conserved over time and land use change showed little impact on β‐diversity, despite important environmental variation. Overall, this research furthers our understanding of the health status of Canadian lakes and the consequences of human activities, especially agriculture and urbanization, on lake zooplankton.