bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of human exposure to landslides with a GIS multiscale approach
Authors: Modugno S. , Johnson S. C. M. , Borrelli P. , Alam E. , Bezak N. , Balzter H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDecision-making plays a key role in reducing landslide risk and preventing natural disasters. Land management, recovery of degraded lands, urban planning, and environmental protection in general are fundamental for mitigating landslide hazard and risk. Here, we present a GIS-based multi-scale approach to highlight where and when a country is affected by a high probability of landslide occurrence. In the first step, a landslide human exposure equation is developed considering the landslide susceptibility triggered by rain as hazard, and the population density as exposed factor. The output, from this overview analysis, is a global GIS layer expressing the number of potentially affected people by month, where the monthly rain is used to weight the landslide hazard. As following step, Logistic Regression (LR) analysis was implemented at a national and local level. The Receiver Operating Characteristic indicator is used to understand the goodness of a LR model. The LR models are defined by a dependent variable, presence–absence of landslide points, versus a set of independent environmental variables. The results demonstrate the relevance of a multi-scale approach, at national level the biophysical variables are able to detect landslide hotspot areas, while at sub-regional level geomorphological aspects, like land cover, topographic wetness, and local climatic condition have greater explanatory power.
Sharp Interface Limit of Stochastic Cahn-Hilliard Equation with Singular Noise
Authors: Baňas Ľubomír , Yang Huanyu , Zhu Rongchan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the sharp interface limit of the two dimensional stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation driven by two types of singular noise: a space-time white noise and a space-time singular divergence-type noise. We show that with appropriate scaling of the noise the solutions of the stochastic problems converge to the solutions of the determinisitic Mullins-Sekerka/Hele-Shaw problem.
The Heart and Cannabis (THC) Cohort: Differences in Baseline Health and Behaviors by Cannabis Use
Authors: Keyhani Salomeh , Cohen Beth E. , Vali Marzieh , Hoggatt Katherine J. , Bravata Dawn M. , Austin Peter C. , Lum Emily , Hasin Deborah S. , Grunfeld Carl , Shlipak Michael G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence on the cardiovascular health effects of cannabis use is limited. We designed a prospective cohort study of older Veterans (66 to 68 years) with coronary artery disease (CAD) to understand the cardiovascular consequences of cannabis use. We describe the cohort construction, baseline characteristics, and health behaviors that were associated with smoking cannabis.

Objective
To understand the cardiovascular consequences of cannabis use.

Design
We designed a prospective cohort study of older Veterans (66 to 68 years) with CAD.

Participants
A total of 1,015 current cannabis smokers and 3,270 non-cannabis smokers with CAD.

Main Measures
Using logistic regression, we examined the association of baseline variables with smoking cannabis in the past 30 days.

Results
The current cannabis smokers and non-current smokers were predominantly male (97.2% vs 97.1%, p=0.96). Characteristics associated with recent cannabis use in multivariable analyses included lack of a high school education (odds ratio [OR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 4.19), financial difficulty (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.11), tobacco use (OR 3.02, 95% CI: 1.66 to 5.48), current drug use (OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.06 to 7.46), and prior drug use (OR 2.84, 95% CI: 2.11 to 3.82). In contrast, compared to individuals with 0 to 1 comorbid conditions, those with 5 chronic conditions or more (OR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.70) were less likely to smoke cannabis.

Conclusions
In this older high-risk cohort, smoking cannabis was associated with higher social and behavioral risk, but with fewer chronic health conditions.
Novel Evidence That Alternative Pathway of Complement Cascade Activation is Required for Optimal Homing and Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor Cells
Authors: Adamiak Mateusz , Ciechanowicz Andrzej , Chumak Vira , Bujko Kamila , Ratajczak Janina , Brzezniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe reported in the past that activation of the third (C3) and fifth element (C5) of complement cascade (ComC) is required for a proper homing and engraftment of transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Since myeloablative conditioning for transplantation triggers in recipient bone marrow (BM) state of sterile inflammation, we have become interested in the role of complement in this process and the potential involvement of alternative pathway of ComC activation. We noticed that factor B deficient mice (FB-KO) that do not activate properly alternative pathway, engraft poorly with BM cells from normal wild type (WT) mice. We observed defects both in homing and engraftment of transplanted HSPCs. To shed more light on these phenomena, we found that myeloablative lethal irradiation conditioning for transplantation activates purinergic signaling, ComC, and Nlrp3 inflammasome in WT mice, which is significantly impaired in FB-KO animals. Our proteomics analysis revealed that conditioned for transplantation lethally irradiated FB-KO compared to normal control animals have lower expression of several proteins involved in positive regulation of cell migration, trans-endothelial migration, immune system, cellular signaling protein, and metabolic pathways. Overall, our recent study further supports the role of innate immunity in homing and engraftment of HSPCs.
Graphical Abstract
Simulation study on performance optimization factors of inflatable cushion based on rigidity theory
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Chen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this study, we present the influencing factors and the specific degree of cushioning performance of the air column bag. We analyze and summarize the theory of air column bag rigidity and determine that the initial inflation pressure is the most important factor affecting the performance of the pad. Select an energy-saving lamp as the package, wrap it with an air column bag with different unique initial inflation pressure, and carry out drop simulation analysis and drop test on the package. It is found that the air pressure gradient defined in the test can effectively play a protective role; smaller initial inflation pressure can effectively prolong the buffer action time, and larger initial inflation pressure can effectively improve the cushion's absorption capacity of impact energy, but if the air pressure exceeds a certain range, it is counterproductive. A comprehensive comparison shows that taking 40 kPa as the initial inflation pressure may be the best cushioning effect. Finally, it provides reference suggestions for further accurate use and simulation research on air column bags.

Article highlights

Based on the rigidity theory, the initial inflation pressure is the largest factor affecting the performance of an inflatable cushion.

The gas–solid coupling of the pressure vessel is used to simulate the air column bag model.

The energy absorption capacity of air column bag liner with different initial inflation pressure was studied.

To achieve the best cushioning effect, the appropriate initial inflation pressure should be selected, and the larger the value, the better.
Asymptotics of quasi-stationary distributions of small noise stochastic dynamical systems in unbounded domains
Authors: Budhiraja Amarjit , Fraiman Nicolas , Waterbury Adam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider a collection of Markov chains that model the evolution of multitype biological populations. The state space of the chains is the positive orthant, and the boundary of the orthant is the absorbing state for the Markov chain and represents the extinction states of different population types. We are interested in the long-term behavior of the Markov chain away from extinction, under a small noise scaling. Under this scaling, the trajectory of the Markov process over any compact interval converges in distribution to the solution of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) evolving in the positive orthant. We study the asymptotic behavior of the quasi-stationary distributions (QSD) in this scaling regime. Our main result shows that, under conditions, the limit points of the QSD are supported on the union of interior attractors of the flow determined by the ODE. We also give lower bounds on expected extinction times which scale exponentially with the system size. Results of this type when the deterministic dynamical system obtained under the scaling limit is given by a discrete-time evolution equation and the dynamics are essentially in a compact space (namely, the one-step map is a bounded function) have been studied by Faure and Schreiber (2014). Our results extend these to a setting of an unbounded state space and continuous-time dynamics. The proofs rely on uniform large deviation results for small noise stochastic dynamical systems and methods from the theory of continuous-time dynamical systems.In general, QSD for Markov chains with absorbing states and unbounded state spaces may not exist. We study one basic family of binomial-Poisson models in the positive orthant where one can use Lyapunov function methods to establish existence of QSD and also to argue the tightness of the QSD of the scaled sequence of Markov chains. The results from the first part are then used to characterize the support of limit points of this sequence of QSD.
Impact of a pilot multimodal intervention to decrease antibiotic use for respiratory infections in a geriatric clinic
Authors: Chauhan Lakshmi R. , Huang Misha , Abdo Mona , Church Skotti , Fixen Danielle , MaWhinney Samantha , Miller Matthew , Erlandson Kristine M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
More than 80% of antibiotics are prescribed in the outpatient setting, of which 30% are inappropriate. The National Action Plan for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance called for a 50% decrease in outpatient antibiotic use by 2020. Inappropriate antibiotics are associated with adverse reactions and Clostridioides difficile infection, especially among older adults.

Study design:
Before and after study.

Methods:
We performed a quality improvement initiative at the University of Colorado Seniors Clinic. Providers received education on antibiotic guidelines, electronic antibiotic order sets were introduced with standardized stop dates. Antibiotic use data were collected for 6 months before and 6 months after the intervention, from December to May to avoid seasonal variation. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed-effects regression models were used for this comparison.

Results:
Total antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory conditions decreased from 137 prescriptions before the intervention (December 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018) to 112 prescriptions after the intervention (December 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019), driven primarily by decreases in antibiotic prescriptions for pneumonia, sinusitis, and bronchitis. Prescriptions for broad-spectrum antibiotics declined following the intervention including decreases in levofloxacin from 12 (9%) to 3 (3%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate from 15 (12%) to 7 (7%). We detected significant reductions in prescribed antibiotic durations (days) after the intervention for sinusitis (estimate, −2.0; 95% CI, −3.1 to −1.0; P = .0003), pharyngitis (estimate, −2.5; 95% CI, −4.6 to −0.5; P = .018), and otitis (−3.2; 95% CI, −5.2 to −1.3; P = .008).

Conclusions:
Low-cost interventions were initially successful in changing patterns of antibiotic use and decreasing overall antibiotic prescribing among older patients in the outpatient setting. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine the sustainability and clinical impact of these interventions.
Knowledge About Biosafety Measures in Clinical Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study With Brazilian Dental Students
Authors: Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , Cascaes Andreia Morales , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Silva Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge da , Bielavski Camilla Hubner , Silva Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dental students about biosafety measures that should be adopted in the clinical setting during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with 1050 dental students was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was shared with students. Mean knowledge score on biosafety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic was the outcome, with a maximum of 8 scores. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic and educational characteristics, aspects related to biosafety education, actions adopted by the dental schools during the pandemic, and sources of biosafety information. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.

Results:
Mean knowledge score was 5.19 (1.28). Female students (β = 0.346; 95% CI: 0.154–0.539), those enrolled in the intermediate (β = 0.525; 95% CI: 0.167–0.883) or final (β = 0.569; 95% CI: 0.200–0.937) stage of course, and those who had already received theoretical-practical training in biosafety (β = 0.464; 95% CI: 0.063–0.866) presented higher mean knowledge scores. Students who did not receive guidance on aerosol control measures before the pandemic (β = −0.324; 95% CI: −0.519 to −0.130) had the lowest score.

Conclusion:
Students presented a medium level of knowledge about dental biosafety measures concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics and those related to the institutional profile of the participants, and access to orientation and training in biosafety, may influence their knowledge.
Spatiotemporal coupling investigations for Ti:sapphire-based multi-PW lasers
Authors: Zou Ji Ping , Coïc Hervé , Papadopoulos Dimitris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmerging multi-PW-class lasers and their envisioned laser–plasma interaction applications in unprecedented intensity regimes set a very demanding frame for the precise understanding of the finest properties of these systems. In this work we present a synthesis of simulation studies on a series of less known or even completely disregarded spatiotemporal effects that could potentially impact greatly the performances of high-intensity lasers.
Reproductive Technologies and Free Speech
Authors: Suter Sonia M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Supreme Court and lower courts have not articulated a clear or consistent framework for First Amendment analysis of speech restrictions in health care and with respect to abortion. After offering a coherent doctrine for analysis of speech restrictions in the doctor-patient relationship, this piece demonstrates how potential legislation restricting patient access to information from reproductive testing intended to limit “undesirable” reproductive choices would violate the First Amendment.
Vaccines Mandates and Religion: Where are We Headed with the Current Supreme Court?
Authors: Reiss Dorit R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the Supreme Court should not require a religious exemption from vaccine mandates. For children, who cannot yet make autonomous religious decision, religious exemptions would allow parents to make a choice that puts the child at risk and makes the shared environment of the school unsafe — risking other people’s children. For adults, there are still good reasons not to require a religious exemption, since vaccines mandates are adopted for public health reasons, not to target religion, are an area where free riding is a real risk, no religion actually prohibits vaccinating under a mandate, and policing religious exemptions is very difficult.
Observers use gesture to disambiguate contrastive expressions of preference
Authors: Parrill Fey , Hinnell Jennifer , Moran Grace , Boylan Hannah , Gupta Ishita , Zamir Aisha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present two studies exploring how participants respond when a speaker contrasts two ideas, then expresses an ambiguous preference towards one of them. Study 1 showed that, when reading a speaker’s preference as text, participants tended to choose whatever was said last as matching the speaker’s preference, reflecting the recent-mention bias of anaphora resolution. In Study 2, we asked whether this pattern changed for audio versions of our stimuli. We found that it did not. We then asked whether observers used gesture to disambiguate the speaker’s preference. Participants watched videos in which two statements were spoken. Co-speech gestures were produced during each statement, in two different locations. Next, an ambiguous preference for one option was spoken. In ‘gesture disambiguating’ trials, this statement was accompanied by a gesture in the same spatial location as the gesture accompanying the first statement. In ‘gesture non-disambiguating’ trials, no third gesture occurred. Participants chose the first statement as matching the speaker’s preference more often for gesture disambiguating compared to non-disambiguating trials. Our findings add to the literature on resolution of ambiguous anaphoric reference involving concrete entities and discourse deixis, and we extend this literature to show that gestures indexing abstract ideas are also used during discourse comprehension.
POINTS IN A FOLD
Authors: BUNDER MARTIN , TOGNETTI KEITH , BATES BRUCE 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen a page, represented by the interval$[0,1],$is folded right over left$ n$times, the right-hand fold contains a sequence of points. We specify these points and the order in which they appear in each fold. We also determine exactly where in the folded structure any point in$[0,1]$appears and, given any point on the bottom line of the structure, which point lies at each level above it.
GROUPS WITH A GIVEN NUMBER OF NONPOWER SUBGROUPS
Authors: ANABANTI C. S. , HART S. B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNo group has exactly one or two nonpower subgroups. We classify groups containing exactly three nonpower subgroups and show that there is a unique finite group with exactly four nonpower subgroups. Finally, we show that given any integer k greater than
$4$
, there are infinitely many groups with exactly k nonpower subgroups.
Recommended dairy intake is associated with healthy dietary habits, better physical fitness, less obesity and a healthier lifestyle profile in school age children
Authors: Tambalis Konstantinos D. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Psarra Glykeria , Sidossis Labros S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the association of recommended dairy intake with several dietary habits, obesity, physical fitness (PF), physical activity (PA), screen time and sleep. Population data were derived from a health survey on a representative sample of 177 091 children aged 8–17 years. Dairy intake and dietary habits were evaluated using questionnaires (KIDMED index). Participants were characterised as ‘dairy products consumers’ based on whether they met current recommendations for milk or dairy consumption (e.g. if they consumed two yogurts and/or 40 g cheese and a cup of milk daily). Participants who did not consume the above-mentioned quantities were characterised as ‘non-consumers.’ Anthropometric and PF data were obtained by trained investigators. PA status, screen time and sleeping habits were assessed through self-completed questionnaires. Boys and girls consuming recommended dairy products were 25 % (95 % CI: 0·71, 0·79) and 43 % (95 % CI: 0·51, 0·64) less likely to have low performances in cardiorespiratory fitness tests, Participants from both sexes classified as dairy products consumers had lower odds of central obesity by 10 % (95 % CI: 0·86, 0·95), as compared with non-consumers. Moreover, recommended dairy products consumers had lower odds for insufficient sleep by 8 % (95 % CI: 0·89, 0·96) in boys and 14 % (95 % CI: 0·83–0·90) in girls, for inadequate PA levels by 15 % (95 % CI: 0·77, 0·93) in boys and 16 % (95 % CI: 0·76, 0·90) in girls and for increased screen time by 11 % (95 % CI: 0·83, 0·95) in boys and 9 % (95 % CI: 0·85, 0·97) in girls than no-consumers. In conclusion, recommended dairy intake is associated with less obesity, better PF and a healthier lifestyle profile.
Graded identities for algebras with elementary gradings over an infinite field
Authors: Diniz Diogo , Fidelis Claudemir , Koshlukov Plamen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet $F$ be an infinite field of positive characteristic $p > 2$ and let $G$ be a group. In this paper, we study the graded identities satisfied by an associative algebra equipped with an elementary $G$-grading. Let $E$ be the infinite-dimensional Grassmann algebra. For every $a$, $b\in \mathbb {N}$, we provide a basis for the graded polynomial identities, up to graded monomial identities, for the verbally prime algebras $M_{a,b}(E)$, as well as their tensor products, with their elementary gradings. Moreover, we give an alternative proof of the fact that the tensor product $M_{a,b}(E)\otimes M_{r,s}(E)$ and $M_{ar+bs,as+br}(E)$ are $F$-algebras which are not PI equivalent. Actually, we prove that the $T_{G}$-ideal of the former algebra is contained in the $T$-ideal of the latter. Furthermore, the inclusion is proper. Recall that it is well known that these algebras satisfy the same multilinear identities and hence in characteristic 0 they are PI equivalent.
Live-streaming otolaryngology surgical procedures for virtual medical student rotations
Authors: Shah H P , Narwani V , Lee Y H 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic created challenges in surgical education that expedited the development of virtual learning. Virtual rotations have been one such solution. However, they require co-ordination and technological equipment to create a meaningful, interactive experience for students.MethodsVarious otolaryngology surgical procedures were live-streamed during a two-week virtual rotation for medical students. A mobile audiovisual cart comprising a computer mounted with a webcam and microphone/speaker were utilised to live-stream from four sources: video-assisted telescope operating monitor (‘VITOM’) exoscope, microscope, endoscope and room camera. A dedicated faculty member, who was not the operating surgeon, was present to facilitate students’ understanding of the procedure.ConclusionA wide breadth of otolaryngology surgical procedures were live-streamed via a mobile audiovisual computer, including views of the room, endoscopic views, microscopic views and open views via an exoscope (video-assisted telescope operating monitor). This virtual rotation set-up, along with the dedicated faculty facilitator, reduced the burden on the operating surgeon and enhanced students’ learning experience.