bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A timeline of oligodendrocyte death and proliferation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Peng Kang , Koduri Sravanthi , Ye Fenghui , Yang Jinting , Keep Richard F. , Xi Guohua , Hua Ya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsWhite matter (WM) injury is a critical factor associated with worse outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the detailed pathological changes are not completely understood. This study investigates temporal changes in the corpus callosum (CC), including WM edema and oligodendrocyte death after SAH, and the role of lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) in those changes.MethodsSubarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in adult wild‐type or LCN2 knockout mice via endovascular perforation. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 4 hours, 1 day, and 8 days after SAH, and T2 hyperintensity changes within the CC were quantified to represent WM edema. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate oligodendrocyte death and proliferation.ResultsSubarachnoid hemorrhage induced significant CC T2 hyperintensity at 4 hours and 1 day that diminished significantly by 8 days post‐procedure. Comparing changes between the 4 hours and 1 day, each individual mouse had an increase in CC T2 hyperintensity volume. Oligodendrocyte death was observed at 4 hours, 1 day, and 8 days after SAH induction, and there was progressive loss of mature oligodendrocytes, while immature oligodendrocytes/oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) proliferated back to baseline by Day 8 after SAH. Moreover, LCN2 knockout attenuated WM edema and oligodendrocyte death at 24 hours after SAH.ConclusionsSubarachnoid hemorrhage leads to T2 hyperintensity change within the CC, which indicates WM edema. Oligodendrocyte death was observed in the CC within 1 day of SAH, with a partial recovery by Day 8. SAH‐induced WM injury was alleviated in an LCN2 knockout mouse model.
Infants’ object interactions are long and complex during everyday joint engagement
Authors: Schatz Jacob L. , Suarez‐Rivera Catalina , Kaplan Brianna E. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs infants interact with the object world, they generate rich information about object properties and functions. Much of infant learning unfolds in the presence of caregivers, who talk about and act on the objects of infant play. Does mother joint engagement correspond to real‐time changes in the complexity and duration of infant object interactions? We observed 38 mothers and their first‐born infants (cross‐sectional, 13, 18, and 23 months) during 2 h of everyday activity as infants freely navigated their home environments. Behavioral coding explored thousands of infant object interactions within and outside mother joint engagement. Object interactions involving exclusively simple play were shorter than complex play bouts. Critically, mothers’ multimodal input (i.e., touching/gesturing toward and talking about the focal object) corresponded with more complex and longer play bouts than when mothers provided no input. Bouts involving complex play and multimodal input lasted 7.5 times longer than simple play bouts absent mother input. Moreover, “action‐orienting talk” (e.g., “Twist it”, “Feed dolly”), rather than talk per se, corresponded with longer bout duration and complexity. Notably, the association between joint engagement and play duration was not a function of mothers having more time to join. Analyses that eliminated short infant bouts and considered the timing of mothers’ behaviors confirmed that mother input “extended” the duration of play bouts. As infants actively explore their environments, their object interactions change moment to moment in the presence of mothers’ multimodal engagement.
Challenges and practices arising during public health emergencies: A qualitative survey on ethics committees
Authors: Ekmekci Perihan Elif , Güner Müberra Devrim , Buruk Banu , Güneş Begüm , Arda Berna , Görkey Şefik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe particular dynamics of public health emergencies urge scientists and Ethics Committee (EC) members to change and adapt their operating procedures to function effectively. Despite having previous pandemic experiences, ethics committees were unprepared to adapt to COVID‐19 pandemic challenges. This survey aims to learn and thoroughly discuss the most salient issues for ECs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results indicate that the main problems faced by ECs were lack of/insufficient regulations, lack of data/experience/knowledge, sloppy review, poor research design, and poor adaptation to quarantine measures. Coping with factors that threaten the autonomy and independence of ECs, the ethical dilemma regarding maximizing common good versus protecting the rights and well‐being of study participants, comprehending the change in the context of vulnerable populations, and redefining the role of ECs to strengthen trust in science and vaccine confidence were outstanding issues.
Nest refuse extract deters ant herbivory
Authors: Sousa‐Souto Leandro , Ambrogi Bianca Giuliano , Santos Rafaella Santana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeaf‐cutting ants (LCA) try to reduce the risk of contamination in their colonies by avoiding contact with their nest refuse (NR), as it can harbor substances harmful to them and their symbiotic fungi. Here, we tested whether an aqueous extract with 10% (vol/vol) of NR of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta opaciceps Borgmeier (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Attini) causes a deterrent effect. We placed leaves of Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis L. (Malvaceae) sprayed with NR extract or distilled water (control) in the foraging areas of 12 colonies – eight colonies of A. opaciceps and four of Atta sexdens (L.) – for 60 min, on three consecutive days. The fresh weight of remaining leaf fragments between treatments was compared using linear‐mixed effect models. Leaf consumption was significantly lower in the presence of NR extract for 48 h, indicating that the NR odor impregnated in the leaves may have been the responsible factor for the deterrence. Further studies are needed to establish a deterrent extract with a broad spectrum and lasting effect on plants, and to better understand the mechanisms involved in deterrence.
Oviposition site selection in the crepuscular moth, Grapholita molesta: does light matter?
Authors: Yang Xiaofan , Lu Ziyun , Ran Hongfan , Ma Aihong , Liu Wenxu , Li Jiancheng , Wei Guoshu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSome insects that particularly prefer sunny or shaded sites use light intensity to locate suitable oviposition sites during the day. However, it is not known whether crepuscular species can be guided by light for oviposition under dim or variable light conditions. We used the crepuscular moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest of stone and pome fruits worldwide, to investigate oviposition response to light at various intensities (1000, 100, 10, and 1 mW m−2). Light intensity in sunny sites in a peach tree canopy is about 10× higher than in shaded sites. In both light vs. dark and brighter light vs. darker light choices, G. molesta females can discriminate differences in light intensity, exhibiting a strong preference for brighter light, independent of light intensity. Moreover, the light‐dependent oviposition responses did not change when exposed to odor stimuli. Our findings show that this crepuscular moth G. molesta can use light intensity to direct oviposition toward relatively sunny sites under dim light conditions. This study highlights the importance of vision for crepuscular species in oviposition site selection.
Exploring the power of moth samples to reveal community patterns along shallow ecological gradients
Authors: Uhl Britta , Wölfling Mirko , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Analysing the effects of environmental variation on species assemblages is a key topic in community ecology. However, the outcome may strongly depend on the focal species group. Moths have often been used as the target in ecological studies due to their fast response to environmental change. Yet, some moth subgroups might be more sensitive than others to reflect environmental differences, depending on their functional and physiological characteristics.
We investigated which moth subsets are especially suitable to mirror responses to subtle variation in vegetation. We analysed the susceptibility of different subsets to local weather conditions and inter‐annual fluctuations. Finally, we checked for the importance of including abundance information. We analysed moth communities (392 species, 23.870 individuals) at 60 sites within two Mediterranean forest reserves and investigated relationships between community composition and environment of (1) all moths (with and without taking abundances into account), and of subsets comprising only (2) small‐sized species, (3) host‐plant specialists, (4) moss, lichen and detritus feeding species, (5) ‘microlepidoptera’, (6) ‘macro‐moths’ and (7) random subsets of 50, 100 and 200 species.
Incidence data performed similarly to abundance data in matrix regression models. Host plant specialists responded especially sensitive to small‐scaled variation in vegetation composition. Macro‐moth samples in contrast were highly prone to local weather conditions and to inter‐annual abundance fluctuations. Accordingly, a focus on host‐specialists and micro‐moths is the best way to analyse relationships between shallow environmental gradients and insect communities.
Temperament and character dimensions as psychological markers of mood disorders in Polish adolescents and young adults—A prospective study
Authors: Rajewska‐Rager Aleksandra , Staniek Maria , Kucharska‐Kowalczyk Kamila , Kapelski Pawel , Lepczynska Natalia , Dmitrzak‐Weglarz Monika , Pawlak Joanna , Skibinska Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing incidence of mood disorders in adolescents and young adults is being observed. The assessment of personality traits seems to be an interesting tool in identifying early markers of major depression (MD) or bipolar disorder (BD) as well as predictors of the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare the personality profiles in young patients with MD and BD in acute and remitted mood states.MethodsSeventy‐nine adolescents and young adults with mood disorder diagnoses (MD or BD) were included in the study. The participants were assessed based on structured diagnostic interviews and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The clinical evaluation was conducted during the acute episodes and after reaching the stabilized mood in the course of follow‐up visits in a 2‐year study observation.ResultsAt baseline, MD patients had higher scores on the harm avoidance (HA) with more pronounced anticipatory worry and fatigability subscale than BD patients. Conversely, BD patients reached higher scores in the total self‐directedness (SD) character dimension and its sub‐dimensions. MD patients with acute depressive symptoms had higher scores in the HA dimension and its subscale: anticipatory worry, shyness, and fatigability compared with their euthymic states. No significant differences in TCI dimensions between baseline and euthymia in the BD subgroup were found, and no differences between euthymic MD and BD patients.ConclusionsHigher ST and SD sub‐dimensions may constitute a personality profile specific to BD, while high HA seems to be related to major depression in both acute and remitted states in young patients.
BLSNet: Skin lesion detection and classification using broad learning system with incremental learning algorithm
Authors: Gottumukkala V. S. S. P. Raju , Kumaran N. , Sekhar V. Chandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin lesion detection and classification (SLDC) is extremely important in the diagnosis of skin cancer and detection of melanoma cancer. As a result, the use of image processing equipment integrated with artificial intelligence can assist dermatologists in their decision‐making and examination. In addition, all deep learning (DL) structures consumes more time due to the large number of associated factors in filters and layers. Furthermore, if the architecture is insufficient to prototype the classification system, it must go through a lengthy retraining procedure.Material and methodTherefore, this article proposes a broad learning system (BLS) using incremental learning algorithm for the classification of non‐melanoma and melanoma skin lesions from dermoscopic images. Here after the proposed model is termed as BLSNet.ResultsExperiments on ISIC 2019 and PH2 dataset indicate that proposed SLDC using BLSNet out‐perform the existing DL‐based SLDC models with an accuracy of 99.09% and F1‐score of 98.73%. Further, the overall execution time of proposed BLSNet is 0.93 s, which is superior as compared to the conventional approaches.ConclusionThus, the performance trade‐off between classification accuracy and execution time is achieved using proposed BLSNet model.
Anal cytological abnormalities and human papillomavirus infection in women living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Kaur Avineet , Sandeep  , Singh Sompal , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a summary estimate of the prevalence of anal cytological abnormalities and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as their covariates in women living with HIV (WLHIV).MethodsFour databases – PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest and Web of Science – were searched up to 31 May 2021 for studies reporting on the prevalence and/or covariates of abnormal anal cytology and/or anal HPV infection in WLHIV. The data were extracted independently by two authors using standardized extraction forms. Random effect models were used to estimate the summary effect sizes.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of anal cytological abnormalities in WLHIV was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 22.8–35.5]. High‐grade cytological lesions were seen in 12.1% (95% CI: 8.5–17.2) of the abnormal smears. HPV infection (any type) in the anal samples was detected in 60.7% (95% CI: 54.1–68.0) of the samples while high‐risk HPV was found in 44.0% (95% CI: 37.6–51.5). A positive association was seen between anal cytological abnormality and factors such as receptive anal intercourse [meta‐risk ratio (meta‐RR) = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3–1.8], having multiple sexual partners (1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.5), CD4 count < 200 cells/µL (4.6, 95% CI: 3.0–6.9), anal HPV (4.6, 95% CI: 2.4–8.8), abnormal cervical cytology (2.3, 95% CI: 2.0–2.8), and cervical HPV (meta‐RR 4.6, 95% CI: 2.2–9.8). Anal HPV infection was significantly associated with cervical HPV positivity (2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.3).ConclusionsOur results highlight the high prevalence of abnormal anal cytology and HPV infection in WLHIV. The positive association of anal cytological abnormality with parameters such as abnormal cervical cytology, cervical HPV infection and low CD4 count suggests that anal sex history and examination may be considered in WLHIV undergoing screening for sexually transmitted infection and possessing any of these risk factors.
Basic slag corrosion of alumina–magnesia–carbon refractory bricks containing Al and Si antioxidants
Authors: Calvo Walter Andrés , Dignani María Luján , Galliano Pablo Germán , Brandaleze Elena , Martínez Analía G. Tomba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe slag‐corrosion behavior of two alumina–magnesia–carbon refractories (AMC) with different antioxidants (Si and Al) has been comparatively studied by means of thermodynamic simulation and laboratory tests. A cup test (static) at 1723 K and 1873 K and dipping test (dynamic) at 1873 K were carried out using a steelmaking ladle slag. An iterative method that considers the change of the liquid's composition while it penetrates the refractory was employed for the thermodynamic calculation. The simulation as well as the static tests showed similar performance between both refractories (5% of wear at 1723 K and 6% at 1873 K). In spite of the type of antioxidant, the material with smaller particles of magnesia exhibited better performance in the dynamic test, with 55% less wear than the other AMC brick. This behavior was attributed to the faster MgAl2O4 spinel formation, which increased the material's cohesion, especially the matrix, during the heating stage. The Si antioxidant improved oxidation resistance, although it did not have a positive effect on the corrosion resistance of the material in any of the performed tests.
The national burden of influenza‐like illness and severe respiratory illness overall and associated with nine respiratory viruses in South Africa, 2013–2015
Authors: Tempia Stefano , Moyes Jocelyn , Cohen Adam L. , Walaza Sibongile , McMorrow Meredith L. , Treurnicht Florette K. , Hellferscee Orienka , Wolter Nicole , von Gottberg Anne , Dawood Halima , Variava Ebrahim , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEstimates of the disease burden associated with different respiratory viruses are severely limited in low‐ and middle‐income countries, especially in Africa.MethodsWe estimated age‐specific numbers and rates of medically and non‐medically attended influenza‐like illness (ILI) and severe respiratory illness (SRI) that were associated with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus and parainfluenza virus types 1–3 after adjusting for the attributable fraction (AF) of virus detection to illness in South Africa during 2013–2015. The base rates were estimated from five surveillance sites and extrapolated nationally.ResultsThe mean annual rates per 100,000 population were 51,383 and 4196 for ILI and SRI, respectively. Of these, 26% (for ILI) and 46% (for SRI) were medically attended. Among outpatients with ILI, rhinovirus had the highest AF‐adjusted rate (7221), followed by influenza (6443) and adenovirus (1364); whereas, among inpatients with SRI, rhinovirus had the highest AF‐adjusted rate (400), followed by RSV (247) and influenza (130). Rhinovirus (9424) and RSV (2026) had the highest AF‐adjusted rates among children aged <5 years with ILI or SRI, respectively, whereas rhinovirus (757) and influenza (306) had the highest AF‐adjusted rates among individuals aged ≥65 years with ILI or SRI, respectively.ConclusionsThere was a substantial burden of ILI and SRI in South Africa during 2013–2015. Rhinovirus and influenza had a prominent disease burden among patients with ILI. RSV and influenza were the most prominent causes of SRI in children and the elderly, respectively.
Respiratory syncytial virus‐associated acute respiratory illness in adult non‐immunocompromised patients: Outcomes, determinants of outcomes, and the effect of oral ribavirin treatment
Authors: Wongsurakiat Phunsup , Sunhapanit Siwadol , Muangman Nisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an increasingly common cause of respiratory illness in adult non‐immunocompromised patients. Oral ribavirin was reported to improve outcomes of RSV infection in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the outcomes of non‐immunocompromised patients hospitalized with RSV‐associated acute respiratory illnesses (RSV‐ARI), the factors independently associated with the outcomes and the effect of oral ribavirin treatment.MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study included 175 adults admitted to the hospital with virologically confirmed RSV‐ARI during 2014–2019. Severe ARI was identified using Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society (IDSA/ATS) criteria for severe community‐acquired pneumonia. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality within 30 days after enrollment. A multivariable Cox model was performed to identify significant predictors of mortality.ResultsMean age was 76 ± 12.7 years. Seventy‐eight (44.6%) patients met the diagnostic criteria for severe ARI. Thirty‐six (20.6%) patients required invasive mechanical ventilation, and 11 (6.3%) required vasopressor. Ninety‐nine (56.6%) patients received oral ribavirin treatment, and 52 (29.7%) received systemic corticosteroids. Forty‐one (23.4%) patients had evidence of bacterial infection. Overall mortality was 7.4%. Mortality among patients with non‐severe ARI and severe ARI was 1.04% and 15.4%, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate <50 ml/min/1.73 m2, severe ARI, systemic corticosteroids, and bacterial infection were independently associated with higher risk of mortality. Treatment with oral ribavirin was the only factor associated with reduced mortality (adjusted HR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04–0.9, P = 0.03).ConclusionRSV‐ARI may result in significant mortality and health care utilization. Treatment with oral ribavirin may improve survival in these patients.
The prevalence of mental health conditions in healthcare workers during and after a pandemic: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hill James Edward , Harris Catherine , Danielle L. Christian , Boland Paul , Doherty Alison J. , Benedetto Valerio , Gita Bhutani E. , Clegg Andrew J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThis review aims to explore the prevalence and incidence rates of mental health conditions in healthcare workers during and after a pandemic outbreak and which factors influence rates.BackgroundPandemics place considerable burden on care services, impacting on workers' health and their ability to deliver services. We systematically reviewed the prevalence and incidence of mental health conditions in care workers during pandemics.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesSearches of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO for cohort, cross‐sectional and case–control studies were undertaken on the 31 March 2020 (from inception to 31 March 2020).Review methodsOnly prevalence or incidence rates for mental health conditions from validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers. Meta‐analyses and subgroup analyses were produced for pandemic period (pre‐ and post), age, country income, country, clinical setting for major depression disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ResultsNo studies of incidence were found. Prevalence estimates showed that the most common mental health condition was PTSD (21.7%) followed by anxiety disorder (16.1%), MDD (13.4%) and acute stress disorder (7.4%) (low risk of bias). For symptoms of these conditions there was substantial variation in the prevalence estimates for depression (95% confidence interval [CI]:31.8%; 60.5%), anxiety (95% CI:34.2%; 57.7%) and PTSD symptoms (95% CI,21.4%; 65.4%) (moderate risk of bias). Age, level of exposure and type of care professional were identified as important moderating factors.ConclusionMental disorders affect healthcare workers during and after infectious disease pandemics, with higher proportions experiencing symptoms.ImpactThis review provides prevalence estimates of mental health conditions during and after a pandemic which could be used to inform service staffing impact and formulation of preventative strategies, by identifying clinical populations who may be at high risk of developing mental health symptoms and conditions.