bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of surgeon volume on 18‐month unclosed ileostomy rate after restorative rectal cancer resection
Authors: Tyler Robert , Foss Helen , Phelan Liam , Radley Simon , Geh Ian , Karandikar Sharad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe impact of surgeon volume on 18‐month unclosed ileostomy rates after rectal cancer surgery has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of surgeon volume and evaluate factors predictive of an unclosed ileostomy.MethodPatients undergoing anterior resection with a diverting ileostomy for rectal cancer from March 2004 to October 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The unclosed ileostomy rate was determined by those with an unclosed ileostomy at 18 months. High‐ and low‐volume surgeons (HVS and LVS, respectively) were classed as those performing five or more or fewer than five rectal cancer resections per year, respectively. Data on sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), tumour height, T‐stage, anastomotic leak, surgical approach and adjuvant chemotherapy were also collected. Factors predictive of an unclosed ileostomy at 18 months were explored using a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 415 patients (62.4% male) with a median age of 67 were eligible for analysis. Of these, 115 (27.7%) had an unclosed ileostomy at 18 months. HVS had an unclosed ileostomy rate of 24.6% (72/292) compared with 34.9% (43/123) for LVS. Volume was associated with an unclosed ileostomy in univariable analysis (p = 0.032) but not in multivariate analysis (OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.92–3.32, p = 0.08). Independent factors predictive of an unclosed ileostomy were anastomotic leak (OR 10.41, 3.95–27.0, p < 0.01), adjuvant chemotherapy (OR 2.23, 1.24–3.96, p < 0.01) and neoadjuvant CRT (OR 2.16, 1.15–5.75, p = 0.01).ConclusionLVS were associated with a higher unclosed ileostomy at 18 months compared with HVS. This study adds further weight to the call for adoption of a minimum annual case threshold in rectal cancer surgery.
Plant–frugivore interactions across the Caribbean islands: Modularity, invader complexes and the importance of generalist species
Authors: Vollstädt Maximilian G. R. , Galetti Mauro , Kaiser‐Bunbury Christopher N. , Simmons Benno I. , Gonçalves Fernando , Morales‐Pérez Alcides L. , Navarro Luis , Tarazona‐Tubens Fabio L. , Schubert Spencer , Carlo Tomas , Salazar Jackeline , Faife‐Cabrera Michel , Strong Allan , Madden Hannah , Mitchell Adam , Dalsgaard Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimMutualistic interactions between plants and animals are fundamental for the maintenance of natural communities and the ecosystem services they provide. However, particularly in human‐dominated island ecosystems, introduced species may alter mutualistic interactions. Based on an extensive dataset of plant–frugivore interactions, we mapped and analysed a meta‐network across the Caribbean archipelago. Specifically, we searched for subcommunity structure (modularity) and identified the types of species facilitating the integration of introduced species in the Caribbean meta‐network.LocationCaribbean archipelago (Lucayan archipelago, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles).MethodsWe reviewed published scientific literature, unpublished theses and other nonpeer‐reviewed sources to compile an extensive dataset of plant–frugivore interactions. We visualized spatial patterns and conducted a modularity analysis of the cross‐island meta‐network. We also examined which species were most likely to interact with introduced species: (1) endemic, nonendemic native or introduced species, and (2) generalized or specialized species.ResultsWe reported 3060 records of interactions between 486 plant and 178 frugivore species. The Caribbean meta‐network was organized in 13 modules, driven by a combination of functional or taxonomic (modules dominated by certain groups of frugivores) and biogeographical (island‐specific modules) mechanisms. Few introduced species or interaction pairs were shared across islands, suggesting little homogenization of the plant–frugivore meta‐network at the regional scale. However, we found evidence of “invader complexes,” as introduced frugivores were more likely to interact with introduced plants than expected at random. Moreover, we found generalist species more likely to interact with introduced species than were specialized species.Main conclusionsThese results demonstrate that generalist species and “invader complexes” may facilitate the incorporation of introduced species into plant–frugivore communities. Despite the influx of introduced species, the meta‐network was structured into modules related to biogeographical and functional or taxonomic affinities. These findings reveal how introduced species become an integral part of mutualistic systems on tropical islands.
Quantifying latent social motivation and its associations with joint attention and language in infants at high and low likelihood for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Stallworthy Isabella C. , Berry Daniel , Davis Savannah , Wolff Jason J. , Burrows Catherine A. , Swanson Meghan R. , Grzadzinski Rebecca L. , Botteron Kelly , Dager Stephen R. , Estes Annette M. , Schultz Robert T. , Piven Joseph , Elison Jed T. , Pruett John R. , Marrus Natasha ,   for The IBIS Network
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocial motivation—the psychobiological predisposition for social orienting, seeking social contact, and maintaining social interaction—manifests in early infancy and is hypothesized to be foundational for social communication development in typical and atypical populations. However, the lack of infant social‐motivation measures has hindered delineation of associations between infant social motivation, other early‐arising social abilities such as joint attention, and language outcomes. To investigate how infant social motivation contributes to joint attention and language, this study utilizes a mixed longitudinal sample of 741 infants at high (HL = 515) and low (LL = 226) likelihood for ASD. Using moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA), we incorporated items from parent‐report measures to establish a novel latent factor model of infant social motivation that exhibits measurement invariance by age, sex, and familial ASD likelihood. We then examined developmental associations between 6‐ and 12‐month social motivation, joint attention at 12–15 months, and language at 24 months of age. On average, greater social‐motivation growth from 6–12 months was associated with greater initiating joint attention (IJA) and trend‐level increases in sophistication of responding to joint attention (RJA). IJA and RJA were both positively associated with 24‐month language abilities. There were no additional associations between social motivation and future language in our path model. These findings substantiate a novel, theoretically driven approach to modeling social motivation and suggest a developmental cascade through which social motivation impacts other foundational skills. These findings have implications for the timing and nature of intervention targets to support social communication development in infancy.Highlights
We describe a novel, theoretically based model of infant social motivation wherein multiple parent‐reported indicators contribute to a unitary latent social‐motivation factor.
Analyses revealed social‐motivation factor scores exhibited measurement invariance for a longitudinal sample of infants at high and low familial ASD likelihood.
Social‐motivation growth from ages 6–12 months is associated with better 12−15‐month joint attention abilities, which in turn are associated with greater 24‐month language skills.
Findings inform timing and targets of potential interventions to support healthy social communication in the first year of life.
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 level and its significance in COVID‐19 and other diseases patients
Authors: Kamthe Dipanjali Dhananjay , Sarangkar Swapnil Dilip , Dalvi Manali Suresh , Gosavi Netra Arun , Nikam Vandana Sandeep 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressions and its modulation are of great interest as being a key receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) and the protective arm of the rennin‐angiotensin axis, maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. However, ACE2 expressions and their modulation in the healthy and disease background are yet to be explored.MethodWe performed a meta‐analysis, extracting the data for ACE2 expression in human subjects with various diseases, including SARS‐CoV2 infection without or with co‐morbidity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Out of 203 studies, 39 met the inclusion criteria with SARS‐CoV2 patients without co‐morbidity, SARS‐CoV2 patients with co‐morbidity, cardiovascular (CVD) patients, diabetes patients, kidney disorders patients, pulmonary disease patients, and other viral infections patients.ResultsAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression was significantly increased in all diseases. There was an elevated level of ACE2, especially membrane‐bound ACE2, in COVID‐19 patients compared to healthy controls. A statistically significant increase in ACE2 expression was observed in CVD patients and patients with other viral diseases compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, subgroup analysis of ACE2 expression as soluble and membrane‐bound ACE2 revealed a remarkable increase in membrane‐bound ACE2 in CVD patients, patients with viral infection compared to soluble ACE2 and pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with the random‐effects model was 0.37 and 2.23 respectively.ConclusionIt was observed that utilizing the ACE2 by SARS‐CoV2 for its entry and its consequence leads to several complications. So there is a need to investigate the underlying mechanism along with novel therapeutic strategies.
Insights into the population dynamics of Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens in the neotropical limits of Mexico
Authors: Vanoye‐Eligio Venancio , de la Luz Vázquez‐Sauceda María , Chacón‐Hernández Julio César , Rocandio‐Rodríguez Mario , Rosas‐Mejía Madai , Vanoye‐Eligio Maximiliano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnastrepha obliqua Macquart and Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) represent persistent pests of quarantine significance affecting mango and citrus agroecosystems, respectively, in Mexico. We aimed to analyze the population dynamics of A. obliqua and A. ludens and the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on the population regulation in the neotropical limits of Mexico. We explored endogenous dynamics of A. obliqua and A. ludens populations based on short sequences of time series data of adult captures from 2008 to 2010. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the rate of population change () and population density as an endogenous factor, and temperature, precipitation, fruit availability, and the North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAOi) as exogenous factors. Autocorrelation and partial‐rate correlation functions were used to evaluate the endogenous dynamics of populations. Generalized least square models including autoregressive–moving‐average structures were performed to assess the relationships between the and endogenous and exogenous factors. Results revealed annual patterns in the population fluctuation for both Anastrepha obliqua and A. ludens. Anastrepha obliqua and A. ludens population peaks occurred from August to September–October, and from January to July, respectively. The dynamics of the suggest persistent pest populations modulated by a first‐order feedback structure, although higher orders in feedback structures were also exhibited. Significant relationships between and population density, temperature, fruit availability, and the NAOi were observed. These findings may be a technical and ecological basis to design environmentally friendly strategies against wild populations under an area‐wide integrated pest management (AW‐IPM) approach.
Ethnic‐specific infant care practices and infant mortality in late Imperial Russia
Authors: Natkhov Timur , Vasilenok Natalia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Russian Empire had the highest infant mortality rate in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century. Using a variety of official statistical sources and qualitative evidence, this paper documents uniquely high infant mortality among ethnic Russians. In contrast, among other ethnic groups of the empire, infant mortality rates did not exceed those of the European countries by much. The evidence suggests that the explanation for the Russian infant mortality pattern was ethnic‐specific infant care practices, such as the early introduction of solid food, which increased the incidence of lethal gastrointestinal diseases. Our findings highlight the importance of traditional infant feeding practices in mortality in pre‐industrial societies.
One country, two currencies: The adoption of the Hong Kong currency board, 1983
Authors: Rognes Asa Malmstrom , Schenk Catherine R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurrency boards have had an enduring attraction as a solution to exchange rate and monetary credibility for small open economies, despite few successful examples. In this context, the case of Hong Kong stands out for its longevity; it survived the handover to China, the Asian financial crises in 1997, and the global crises in 2007–8 and 2020. The 1983 currency crisis and the decision to link the exchange rate to the US$ is usually treated as an outcome of local political uncertainty due to the Sino‐British negotiations which set the framework for how Hong Kong would fit with the rest of China after 1997. We present fresh archival evidence from Hong Kong and London to reveal the year‐long debates over Hong Kong's monetary system after a drop in the exchange rate in September 1982 and to demonstrate how most of the protagonists in Hong Kong and London came only reluctantly to accept the idea of re‐pegging the dollar once public expectations had been raised. We also show how the mixture of currency and banking instability affected the terms of the negotiations in 1982 and 1983 and set the framework for the one country, two currencies system that prevails today.
Does Schopenhauer accept any positive pleasures?
Authors: Fox Joshua Isaac 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSchopenhauer repeatedly claims that all pleasure is negative, and this view seems to play key roles throughout his work. Nonetheless, many scholars have argued that Schopenhauer actually acknowledges certain positive pleasures. Two major arguments have been offered for this reading, one focused on the link between Schopenhauer's view of pleasure and Plato's, and one focused on Schopenhauer's distinction between two components of aesthetic pleasure. I argue that neither way of motivating the positive pleasure reading succeeds. Both overlook a key aspect of Schopenhauer's account: namely, his suggestion that there are two distinct kinds of negative pleasure, pleasures of satisfaction and pleasures of distraction. When Schopenhauer claims that all pleasure is negative, he means it.
Intercontinental analysis of temperate steppe stream food webs reveals consistent autochthonous support of fishes
Authors: Arsenault Emily R. , Thorp James H. , Polito Michael J. , Minder Mario , Dodds Walter K. , Tromboni Flavia , Maasri Alain , Pyron Mark , Mendsaikhan Bud , Otgonganbat Amarbat , Altangerel Solongo , Chandra Sudeep , Shields Robert , Artz Caleb , Bennadji Hayat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuantifying the trophic basis of production for freshwater metazoa at broad spatial scales is key to understanding ecosystem function and has been a research priority for decades. However, previous lotic food web studies have been limited by geographic coverage or methodological constraints. We used compound‐specific stable carbon isotope analysis of amino acids (AAs) to estimate basal resource contributions to fish consumers in streams spanning grassland, montane and semi‐arid ecoregions of the temperate steppe biome on two continents. Across a range of stream sizes and light regimes, we found consistent trophic importance of aquatic resources. Essential AAs of heterotrophic microbial origin generally provided secondary support for fishes, while terrestrial carbon did not seem to provide significant, direct support. These findings provide strong evidence for the dominant contribution of carbon to higher‐order consumers by aquatic autochthonous resources (primarily) and heterotrophic microbial communities (secondarily) in temperate steppe streams.
Retaining memory after hibernation: Performance varies independently of activity levels in wild grey mouse lemurs
Authors: Henke‐von der Malsburg Johanna , Fichtel Claudia , Kappeler Peter M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHibernation, a hypometabolic state associated with low body temperature and reduced metabolic and activity rates, represents one adaptation to harsh seasonal environmental conditions. As a consequence of hypometabolism, energetically costly neuronal processes also ought to be reduced. Since active neuronal pathways are prerequisites for learning and memory, and because previous studies revealed variable patterns, it remains unclear whether and how hibernating animals retain memories, however. Here, we investigated the effect of seasonally reduced activity on memory retention in 36 wild grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus). Data from activity loggers confirmed that female grey mouse lemurs entered hibernation during the cool dry season, whereas males exhibited episodic bursts of activity throughout the austral winter. Thus, compared to males, we predicted females to show lower memory retention of visual and spatial stimulus–reward associations learned before hibernation. In contrast to our prediction, all individuals performed worse in the post‐hibernation testing session in both types of tests, compared to the pre‐hibernation learning session, and males (N = 11) performed even worse than females (N = 14) in the post‐hibernation testing session. Although females (N = 9) equipped with activity loggers tended to be less active than males (N = 4), sex‐specific activity levels were unrelated to interindividual differences in memory retention. Hence, the post‐hibernation decrease in performance of grey mouse lemurs may reflect a more general disability to retain stimulus–reward associations than a lack of memory retention due to seasonal hypometabolism, as suggested for some species of bats or squirrels.
Comparison of blind, ultrasound‐ and neurostimulator‐guided methods of percutaneous inferior alveolar nerve block
Authors: Lloyd‐Edwards Ralph A. , Ferrão ‐ van Sommeren Aukje , Hermans Hanneke , Tersmette Anne A. , Veraa Stefanie , van Loon Johannes P. A. M. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundAn inferior alveolar nerve block is often utilised for anaesthesia of the mandibular arcade of teeth prior to dental procedures. It has been described with multiple approaches and methods; however, at the current time, no direct comparison of percutaneous methods is available.ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of percutaneous infiltration of the inferior alveolar nerve with a ventral blind approach (control) to blind caudal approach, ultrasound‐guided and neurostimulator‐guided methods.Study designProspective comparison of methods using anaesthetised horses prior to euthanasia or cadavers, being utilised for another study.MethodsAn 18 G spinal needle was used to inject a volume of 1 ml, composed of 0.5 ml of methylene blue and 0.5 ml of iodinated CT contrast medium, with placement guided by the aforementioned methods. Following injection the needle was left in place, CT‐imaging was performed and then the skulls were dissected. CT enabled assessment of the coverage of the mandibular foramen with contrast medium and distance of the needle tip from the mandibular foramen and dissection enabled assessment of the staining of the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve.ResultsThe highest percentage of contrast staining of the inferior alveolar nerve and coverage of the mandibular foramen at CT was achieved with caudal blind and ultrasound‐guided approaches; however, no group reached a significant difference to control (ventral blind approach). Concurrent staining of the lingual nerve (possibly associated with undesired side effects) had high incidence and was similar between groups.Main limitationsUse of horses under anaesthesia/cadavers does not replicate clinical conditions and staining/coverage is assumed to relate to a clinically effective block.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided and caudal approaches did have increased percentage of successful staining, but neither reached significance compared to the ventral blind approach.
Computed tomography findings in horses presented with signs of head‐shaking
Authors: Perrier Melanie , Manso‐Díaz Gabriel , Dunkel Bettina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal nerve‐mediated head‐shaking (TNMH) in horses is a diagnosis made by exclusion. Computed tomography (CT) is frequently used to identify any disease process that could cause the clinical signs of head‐shaking. Although abnormalities are frequently identified, it is unknown whether treatment of these conditions improves clinical signs.ObjectivesTo ascertain the clinical significance of CT findings in horses presented with a complaint of head‐shaking.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsCT and patient records were reviewed and all abnormal findings and any treatments subsequently carried out was recorded. A questionnaire was sent to referring veterinarians and owners were contacted by telephone to establish whether treatment of the identified condition improved clinical signs.ResultsThis study included 103 horses presented for head CT with the complaint of head‐shaking with follow‐up information obtained for 84 horses (81.6%). The diagnosis of TNMH was based on a combination of positive maxillary nerve block and/or response to treatment for TNMH. Although TNMH was the most common diagnosis with 62 horses (60.2%) affected, in 22 horses (21.4%), a primary disease process was identified and treatment of the condition eliminated signs of head‐shaking. Clinically relevant primary diseases included dental fracture, primary sinusitis, temporo‐mandibular joint arthritis, nuchal bursitis, musculoskeletal pathologies, basisphenoid fracture, otitis externa and a mass affecting the infra‐orbital nerve.Main limitationsSome clinical information was missing and follow‐up information was not obtained in all cases.ConclusionsCT was perceived as a useful diagnostic tool by most veterinarians, ruling out significant abnormalities. In over 20% of the cases, a treatable primary condition was identified leading to complete resolution of clinical signs.
Expert system for automatic microservices identification using API similarity graph
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Boranbaev Salamat , Han Shicong , Wang Huanqiang , Yu Dongjin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs a new software design paradigm, microservices structure an application as a collection of services that are independently deployable and loosely coupled. A key step of migrating non‐microservices‐based systems to microservices‐based systems is the identification of microservices in the target application. Traditional approaches to identify microservices, however, usually suffer from lack of full automation and low effectiveness. This paper puts forward an expert system to identify microservices automatically from legacy systems by leveraging the similarity of RESTful APIs. The system consists of three major parts. The first part calculates the candidate topic similarity and the response message similarity of APIs, and the overall similarity is obtained through their combination. Afterwards, the second part constructs a graph of API similarities with API as the node and the overall similarity as the weight. The third part employs a graph‐based clustering algorithm to identify candidate microservices from the API similarity graph. Experiments conducted on open‐source projects demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.