bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐in‐human development of a pharmacodynamic biomarker for PAC1 receptor antagonists using intradermal injections of maxadilan
Authors: Marynissen Heleen , Buntinx Linde , Bamps Dorien , Depre Marleen , Ampe Els , Van Hecken Anne , Gabriel Kristin , Sands Steve , Vargas Gabriel , de Hoon Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaxadilan, a potent vasodilator peptide, selectively activates the PAC1 receptor, a promising target for migraine therapy. Therefore, maxadilan has been suggested as a tool to study the pharmacodynamics (PDs) of PAC1 receptor antagonists. The objectives of this first‐in‐human study were to: (1) determine the safety, tolerability, dose response, and time course of the dermal blood flow (DBF) changes after intradermal (i.d.) injections of maxadilan in the human forearm, and (2) assess the inter‐arm and inter‐period reproducibility of this response. This was a single‐center, open‐label study in healthy subjects, comprising three parts: (1) dose–response (n = 25), (2) response duration (n = 10), and (3) reproducibility (n = 15). DBF measurements were performed using laser Doppler imaging (LDI) up to 60 min postinjection, or up to 5 days for the response duration assessments. To assess reproducibility, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and sample sizes were calculated. The i.d. maxadilan (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.9, 3, and 10 ng) produced a well‐tolerated, dose‐dependent increase in DBF, with a half‐maximal effective concentration fitted at 0.0098 ng. The DBF response to 0.9 ng maxadilan was quantifiable with LDI up to 72 h postinjection. The inter‐period reproducibility of the DBF response was better upon 0.9 ng (ICC > 0.6) compared to 0.01 ng (ICC < 0.4) maxadilan. However, irrespective of the study design or maxadilan dose, a sample size of 11 subjects is sufficient to detect a 30% difference in DBF response with 80% power. In conclusion, intradermal maxadilan provides a safe, well‐tolerated, and reproducible PD biomarker for PAC1 receptor antagonists in vivo in humans.
Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages
Authors: Pérez‐Rosales Gonzalo , Pichon Michel , Rouzé Héloïse , Villéger Sébastien , Torda Gergely , Bongaerts Pim , Carlot Jérémy ,   Under The Pole Consortium, Parravicini Valeriano , Hédouin Laetitia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimRevealing how diversity varies across the depth gradient is key for understanding the role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the functioning of coral reefs. We quantitatively examined how alpha and beta generic diversity of scleractinian coral assemblages vary across a wide depth gradient for coral reefs.LocationSixteen sites in eight islands of three archipelagos in French Polynesia.MethodsWe studied generic diversity patterns of scleractinian corals, as derived from the analysis of photo‐quadrats, across the seafloor from shallow to lower mesophotic depths (6–120 m) and on a wide geographic scale. Our sampling considered quantitative coral cover to explore the patterns of alpha and beta components of diversity across depth and horizontal space.ResultsWe show that in French Polynesia, mesophotic coral ecosystems host higher alpha and beta generic diversity than shallow reefs despite decreasing coral cover with depth. The variation of coral genus richness across the depth gradient is mainly driven by a mid‐domain effect with a peak at 40 m depth. At the same time, we found that the differences in coral genera across islands (spatial beta‐diversity) increased steadily along the depth gradient.Main conclusionsOur findings report the first quantitative results of coral cover and diversity from mesophotic coral ecosystems in French Polynesia and also present one of the few existing studies to examine the broad breadth of the mesophotic depth gradient. We demonstrate that mesophotic depths can host unexpectedly high generic richness of scleractinian coral assemblages. At the same time, we showed that increasing depth increases the differences in generic diversity composition across islands, whereas shallow reefs are similar in between. While a single island could conserve shallow regional biodiversity, mesophotic depths containing the richest diversity require site‐specific measures, suggesting that considering these mesophotic depths in conservation is necessary to maintain regional diversity.
Not all is forgotten: Children's associative matrices for features of a word learning episode
Authors: Knabe Melina L. , Vlach Haley A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWord learning studies traditionally examine the narrow link between words and objects, indifferent to the rich contextual information surrounding objects. This research examined whether children attend to this contextual information and construct an associative matrix of the words, objects, people, and environmental context during word learning. In Experiment 1, preschool‐aged children (age: 3;2–5;11 years) were presented with novel words and objects in an animated storybook. Results revealed that children constructed associations beyond words and objects. Specifically, children attended to and had the strongest associations for features of the environmental context but failed to learn word‐object associations. Experiment 2 demonstrated that children (age: 3;0–5;8 years) leveraged strong associations for the person and environmental context to support word‐object mapping. This work demonstrates that children are especially sensitive to the word learning context and use associative matrices to support word mapping. Indeed, this research suggests associative matrices of the environment may be foundational for children's vocabulary development.
Management of type 1 diabetes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Comparative health system assessments in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Tanzania
Authors: Abdraimova Aida , Besançon Stéphane , Portocarrero Jill , Ramaiya Kaushik , Dunganova Asel , Ewen Margaret , Hogerzeil Hans , Lazo‐Porras Maria , Laing Richard , Lepeska Molly , Nchimbi Happy , Sidibé Assa , Swai Andrew , Tenorio‐Mucha Janeth , Yudkin John S. , Zafra‐Tanaka Jessica H. , Zurdinova Aida , Beran David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo describe and compare the health system responses for type 1 diabetes in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Tanzania.MethodsThe Rapid Assessment Protocol for Insulin Access, a multi‐level assessment of the health system, was implemented in Kyrgyzstan, Mali, Peru and Tanzania using document reviews, site visits and interviews to assess the delivery of care and access to insulin.ResultsDespite the existence of noncommunicable or diabetes strategies and Universal Health Coverage policies including diabetes‐related supplies, this has not necessarily translated into access to insulin or diabetes care for all. Insulin and related supplies were often unavailable and unaffordable. Across the four countries test strips and insulin, when paid for by the individual, represented respectively 48–82% and 25–36% of total costs. Care was mainly delivered at tertiary‐level hospitals by specialists. Only Kyrgyzstan had data collection systems integrated into the Ministry of Health structure. In addition, issues with healthcare worker training and education and empowerment of people with diabetes were present in these health systems.ConclusionsPeople with type 1 diabetes in these countries face different barriers, including the cost of insulin and care. Given the renewed attention to diabetes on the global health agenda tailored health system responses for type 1 diabetes are needed. Insulin should be prioritized as it is the foundation of type 1 diabetes care, but other elements of care and support need to be fostered by different actors.
The accountability of non‐governmental actors in the digital sphere: A theoretical framework
Authors: Dawson Mark 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe last decade has seen increasing demands for greater accountability in digital governance. What, however, does accountability require and what normative goods does it serve? This article develops a general framework for assessing digital accountability focused on four normative goods: openness, non‐arbitrariness, effectiveness and publicness. As the article will evidence, claims for digital accountability often refer to deficits relating to one or more of these goods. While scholarly attention has deservedly focused on tying powerful digital actors to rule of law guarantees, the article argues that accountability offers an important normative yardstick to allow citizens to contest digital decisions beyond strict legality. The framework therefore provides a basis for both conceptually disaggregating and normatively forwarding accountability claims in the digital sphere.
Transcriptomic analysis of the chorioallantois in equine premature placental separation
Authors: Murase Harutaka , El‐Sheikh Ali Hossam , Ruby Rebecca E. , Scoggin Kirsten E. , Ball Barry A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEquine premature placental separation (PPS) is poorly understood and represents an important risk factor for fetal/neonatal hypoxia.ObjectivesTo examine transcriptomic changes in the chorioallantois (CA) from mares with clinical PPS compared with the CA from normal foaling mares. Differential gene expression was determined and gene ontology as well as molecular pathways related to PPS were characterised.Study designRetrospective case: control study.MethodsCA were collected from Thoroughbred mares with a clinical history of PPS (n = 33) and from control Thoroughbred mares (n = 4) with normal parturition for examination of transcriptional changes in the placenta associated with PPS. Transcriptomic changes in the villous CA near the cervical star were determined by Illumina® sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis. PPS samples were divided by k‐means clustering, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each PPS cluster were identified by comparing to controls. Shared DEGs between PPS clusters were used for gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis.ResultsA total of 1204 DEGs were identified between PPS and control. Gene ontology revealed extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell adhesion, and pathway analysis revealed fatty acid, p‐53, hypoxia and inflammation. Eleven key regulator genes of PPS including growth factors (IGF1,TGFB2,TGFB3), transcription factors (HIF1A,JUNB,SMAD3), and transmembrane receptors (FGFR1,TNFRSF1A,TYROBP) were also identified.Main limitationsThe use of clinical history of PPS, in the absence of other criteria, may have led to misidentification of some cases as PPS.ConclusionsTranscriptomic analysis indicated that changes in ECM and cell adhesion were important factors in equine PPS. Key predicted upstream events include genes associated with hypoxia, inflammation and growth factors related to the pathogenesis of equine PPS.
A novel adaptive vehicle speed recommender fuzzy system for autonomous vehicles on conventional two‐lane roads
Authors: Barreno Felipe , Santos Matilde , Romana Manuel G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an intelligent speed adaption system for vehicles on conventional roads. The fuzzy logic based expert system outputs a recommended speed to ensure both safety and passenger comfort. This intelligent system includes geometrical features of the road, as well as subjective perceptions of the drivers. It has been developed and checked with real data that were measured with an instrumental system incorporated in a vehicle, on several two‐lane roads located in the Madrid Region, Spain. Along with the road geometrical characteristics, other input variables to the system are external factors, such as weather conditions, distance to the preceding vehicle, tire pressure, and other subjective criteria, such as the desired comfort level, selected by the driver. The expert system output is the most suitable speed for the specific road type, considering real factors that may modify the category of the road and thus, the appropriate speed. This information could be added to the adaptive cruise control of the vehicle. The recommended speed can be a very useful input for both, drivers and the autonomous vehicles, to improve safety on the road system.
Ecosystem health, ecosystem services, and the well‐being of humans and the rest of nature
Authors: Hernández‐Blanco Marcello , Costanza Robert , Chen Haojie , deGroot Dolf , Jarvis Diane , Kubiszewski Ida , Montoya Javier , Sangha Kamaljit , Stoeckl Natalie , Turner Kerry , van ‘t Hoff Vince 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn ecosystem is healthy if it is active, maintains its organization and autonomy over time, and is resilient to stress. Healthy ecosystems provide human well‐being via ecosystem services, which are produced in interaction with human, social, and built capital. These services are affected by different ecosystem stewardship schemes. Therefore, society should be aiming for ecosystem health stewardship at all levels to maintain and improve ecosystem services. We review the relationship between ecosystem health and ecosystem services, based on a logic chain framework starting with (1) a development or conservation policy, (2) a management decision or origin of the driver of change, (3) the driver of change itself, (4) the change in ecosystem health, (5) the change in the provision of ecosystem services, and (6) the change in their value to humans. We review two case studies to demonstrate the application of this framework. We analyzed 6,131 records from the Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (ESVD) and found that in approximately 58% of the records data on ecosystem health were lacking. Finally, we describe how the United Nations' System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA) incorporates ecosystem health as part of efforts to account for natural capital appreciation or depreciation at the national level. We also provide recommendations for improving this system.
The effect of breastfeeding, breast milk odour and mother's heartbeat sound on pain level in newborns: A randomized trial
Authors: Tavlar Merve , Karakoc Ayse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare the effects of breastfeeding, breast milk odour and mother's heartbeat sounds on perceived pain during heel lance procedures in term newborns.DesignThis was a randomized three‐group experimental study.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of 90 newborns. The data were collected using pulse oximeter, fetal hand doppler, voice recorder, loudspeaker, a data collection form and the ALPS‐Neo Pain and Stress Assessment Scale for Newborn Infants.ResultsDuring the procedure, newborns in the breast milk odour group had high levels of pain and stress, those in the mother's heartbeat sounds group had mild pain and stress, and those in the breastfeeding group had no pain and stress. Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found between their crying times. This difference was the highest for newborns in the breast milk odour group, followed by the mother's heartbeat sounds and breastfeeding groups, respectively.ConclusionBreastfeeding and mother's heartbeat sounds, which are non‐pharmacological pain relief methods, are effective in neonatal pain management. However, breast milk odour is not effective for pain control in newborns. Further studies should examine the efficacy combinations of these methods.
Product creativity and organisational competitiveness: Empirical evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Inegbedion Henry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study investigated product creativity and organisational competitiveness in Nigerian private organisations with a view to ascertaining the extent to which product creativity (product line, differentiation, imitation, and innovation) influences creativity and the extent to which product creativity enhances organisational competitiveness. The study employed cross‐sectional survey design, and simple random sampling served to select respondents from ten multinational companies across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. The study employed constructs consistent with those from empirical studies and used a five‐point Likert scale for all the measures. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results show that three out of the four constructs of creativity are significant predictors of organisational competitiveness. Thus, product line (combination), product differentiation, and product innovation significantly influence creativity, and creativity predicts organisational competitiveness. Business managers can thus enhance the competitiveness of their products through product line, differentiation, and product innovation. However, the framework of the study is not exhaustive. Future studies should attempt a framework that will integrate additional creativity constructs.
Improving the piezoelectric properties of CBN‐based ceramic by a Ce ion
Authors: Chen Ning , Wang Fei , Li Xu , Xie Yining , Xi Jingwen , Guan Shangyi , Shi Wei , Chen Hao , Xing Jie , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCaBi2Nb2O9 (CBN), one of the bismuth‐layered structural ferroelectrics, with high Curie temperature (TC), has great potential in high‐temperature applications. In this work, high Curie temperature and piezoelectric constant (d33) are realized in modified CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics with Ce‐substitution. Ce‐substitution changes the crystal structures and domain structures of CBN‐based ceramics, so as to improve the piezoelectric properties. The optimal performances are obtained with a high d33 value (∼18.0 pC/N) and a TC value (∼930°C), together with a low tan δ value (∼0.028 at 500°C). Moreover, the thermal stability is also enhanced, where the d33 value maintains 93.9% of its original value after annealing at 900°C for 2 h. Thus, these findings play a meaningful role in devices manufacturing, where the apply temperature is often more than 500°C.
Comparison of three sedation models for same‐day painless bidirectional endoscopy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sui Yue , Chen Xing , Ma Ting , Lu Junhui , Xiao Tao , Wang Zhenzhen , Wen Qing , Wang Guanfeng , Jia Hui , Cao Fengzhen , Wu Xiaopeng , Zhang Yiping , Hao Junlian , Wang Naping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimWe investigated the most beneficial propofol sedation model for same‐day painless bidirectional endoscopy (BDE).MethodsAsymptomatic participants scheduled for same‐day painless BDE examination from October 2020 to September 2021 were randomized to three groups: sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by unsedated colonoscopy (Group A); sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by sedated colonoscopy (Group B); and sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by sedated insertion colonoscopy (Group C). Patient discomfort, colonoscopy performance, doses of propofol, cardiovascular stress, anesthesia resuscitation, and sedation‐related adverse events were evaluated.ResultsA total of 3200 participants were analyzed. Baseline demographics, patient discomfort, cecal intubation rate, adenoma detection rate and sedation‐related adverse events were similar in the three groups. Propofol dose was the lowest in Group A (137.65 ± 36.865 mg) compared with Group B (177.71 ± 40.112 mg, P < 0.05) and Group C (161.63 ± 31.789 mg, P < 0.05). Decline in vital signs was most obvious in Group B during the procedure (P < 0.05). Recovery time was the shortest in Group A (5.01 ± 1.404 min) compared with Group B (9.51 ± 2.870 min, P < 0.05) and Group C (5.83 ± 2.594 min, P < 0.05); discharge time was the shortest in Group A (3.53 ± 1.685 min) compared with Group B (11.29 ± 5.172 min, P < 0.05) and Group C (6.47 ± 2.338 min, P < 0.05). Adenomas per positive patient of Group A (2.29 ± 1.055) and Group C (2.28 ± 0.931) were more than that in Group B (2.11 ± 0.946, P < 0.05).ConclusionsSedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy followed by unsedated colonoscopy is the superior model for same‐day painless BDE with the benefits of satisfactory patient comfort, reduced sedation dose, less cardiovascular stress, faster recovery, shorter discharge time and high colonoscopy quality.
Using a home time measure to differentiate ACO performance for seriously ill populations
Authors: Freed Salama S. , Kaufman Brystana G. , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Saunders Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlternative Payment Models (APMs) piloted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) such as ACO Realizing Equity, Access and Community Health (REACH) seek to improve care and quality of life among seriously ill populations (SIP). Days at Home (DAH) was proposed for use in this model to evaluate organizational performance. It is important to assess the utility and feasibility of person‐centered outcomes measures, such as DAH, as CMS seeks to advance care models for seriously ill beneficiaries. We leverage existing Accountable Care Organization (ACO) contracts to evaluate the feasibility of ACO‐level DAH measure and examine characteristics associated with ACOs with more DAH.MethodsWe calculated DAH for Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 68 and over who were retrospectively attributed to a Medicare ACO between 2014 and 2018 and met the seriously ill criteria. We then aggregated to the ACO level DAH for each ACO's seriously ill beneficiaries and risk‐adjusted this aggregated measure. Finally, we evaluated associations between risk‐adjusted DAH per person‐year and ACO, beneficiary, and market characteristics.ResultsACOs' seriously ill beneficiaries spent an average of 349.3 risk‐adjusted DAH per person‐year. Risk‐adjusted ACO variation, defined as the interquartile range, was 4.21 days (IQR = 347.32–351.53). Beneficiaries of ACOs are composed of a less racially diverse beneficiary cohort, opting for two‐sided risk models, and operating in markets with fewer hospital and Skilled Nursing Facility beds had more DAH.ConclusionsSubstantial variation across ACOs in the DAH measure for seriously ill beneficiaries suggests the measure can differentiate between high and low performing provider groups. Key to the success of the metric is accurate risk adjustment to ensure providers have adequate resources to care for seriously ill beneficiaries. Organizational factors, such as the ACO size and level of risk, are strongly associated with more days at home.
Therapeutic application of machine learning in psoriasis: A Prisma systematic review
Authors: Lunge Snehal Balvant , Shetty Nandini Sundar , Sardesai Vidyadhar R. , Karagaiah Priyanka , Yamauchi Paul S. , Weinberg Jeffrey M. , Kircik Leon , Giulini Mario , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDermatology, being a predominantly visual‐based diagnostic field, has found itself to be at the epitome of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based advances. Machine learning (ML), a subset of AI, goes a step further by recognizing patterns from data and teaches machines to automatically learn tasks. Although artificial intelligence in dermatology is mostly developed in melanoma and skin cancer diagnosis, advances in AI and ML have gone far ahead and found its application in ulcer assessment, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, onychomycosis, etc. This article is focused on the application of ML in the therapeutic aspect of psoriasis.