bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperoside, a natural flavonoid compound, attenuates Triptolide-induced testicular damage by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 and SIRT1-PGC1α signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Yucheng , Li Jiaqi , Gu Jingyu , He Wei , Ma Bo , Fan Hongqi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Hyperoside (Hyp), as the main ingredient from Semen Cuscutae, Abelmoschus moschatus, Acanthopanax senticosus, its protective effect in testicular dysfunction and mechanisms have not been studied. Here, we explored the action of Hyp in preventing oxidative stress-induced testicular damage and underlying mechanisms.

Methods
The testicular injury model caused by oxidative stress was successfully built via Triptolide (TP) intraperitoneal injection in male mice. After Hyp (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) treatment, testes weights, sperm count and morphology, histological changes, oxidative stress biomarkers from testicular tissue were detected. Also, the molecular mechanism was investigated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay.

Key findings
These data suggested that Hyp significantly ameliorated TP-induced testicular atrophy, microstructural injury and spermatogenic dysfunction. Besides, it was shown that apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) were prominently suppressed. The mechanical results indicated that Hyp significantly promoted Nrf2 translocation and elevated antioxidant enzymes expression in the testicular tissue. Meanwhile, this study also found that Hyp could improve TP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via the SIRT1-PGC-1α signalling pathway.

Conclusions
The present study indicated that Hyp exerted a potent ameliorative effect against testicular injury caused by oxidative stress via stimulating Keap1-Nrf2 and SIRT1-PGC1a signalling pathway.
Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Thienhiran Anuparp , Charoenpitakchai Mongkon , Hongjinda Sermsak , Fuengfoo Pusit , Burasakarn Pipit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the liver is an extremely rare benign lesion, which is often misdiagnosed as a malignant liver tumour. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with an incidental liver tumour revealed on the ultrasonography of the kidney-urinary bladder system for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Hepatocyte-specific contrast (gadoxetate disodium) magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round 6-mm lesion, which was hypointense on T1-weighted images, slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images and highly intense on diffusion-weighted images. Other findings included arterial hyperintensity, venous and delayed hypointensity and a defect in liver segment 6. The patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma; laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. Intraoperatively, a 7-mm greyish white solid nodule was observed. In conclusion, it may be difficult to distinguish RLH from other malignant liver tumours. However, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for small liver lesions in young, female patients without liver cirrhosis.
A remote-sensing method for sub-wavelength grains on planetary surfaces by optical polarimetry
Authors: Geake J E , Geake M 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Some optical polarization effects for very fine powders are shown. The well-known curve of polarization versus phase angle is found to change in shape and scale when the grain size is reduced to less than the wavelength; strong negative polarization is found, even for a smooth powder surface of high albedo. The negative peak changes in shape, and its parameters are found to be related to grain size in simple ways. This distinctive shape provides a possible remote-sensing method for detecting subwavelength grains on planetary surfaces.
HEAO-1 observations of the X-ray pulsar 1E2259 + 586
Authors: Davies S R , Wood K S , Coe M J 
Published: February 2022

Summary
We have analysed HEAO-1 scanning observations of the X-ray pulsar 1E2259 + 586, obtaining a pulse period from 1978 January of 6.978586 ± 0.000006 s. This extends the spindown trend seen by later observers to earlier times. No evidence is found for a second derivative to the period. The luminosity and pulse profile we derive are similar to those of subsequent observations, with no evidence for large-scale variability on a time-scale of days or months. We discuss how the conventional picture of the source as an accreting neutron star can be modified to accommodate the very stable spin period derivative, and assess various models for the pulsar’s formation and subsequent evolution.
On highly non-adiabatic stellar pulsations and the origin of strange modes
Authors: Gautschy Alfred , Glatzel Wolfgang , Gautschy Alfred , Glatzel Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Using a new numerical method and considering complete evolutionary stellar models, the linear non-adiabatic pulsations of helium stars are re-examined. A variety of new strange modes are found, some of which are unstable and extend - consistently with the observations - the instability strip to high temperatures up to log Teff = 4.3. The origin of the various modes is identified and an alternative interpretation of the strange mode phenomenon is provided. The instabilities associated with the strange modes are not due to the K mechanism and are explained - as the strange mode phenomenon itself - by mode coupling. It is demonstrated, by considering the stability of AGB envelopes, that strange modes seem to be a common feature for strong deviations from adiabaticity and a pronounced core envelope structure of the star.
Cosmic filaments delay quenching inside clusters
Authors: Kotecha Sachin , Welker Charlotte , Zhou Zihan , Wadsley James , Kraljic Katarina , Sorce Jenny , Rasia Elena , Roberts Ian , Gray Meghan , Yepes Gustavo , Cui Weiguang 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate how large-scale cosmic filaments impact the quenching of galaxies within one virial radius of 324 simulated clusters from The Three Hundred project. We track cosmic filaments with the versatile, observation-friendly program DisPerSE and identify haloes hosting galaxies with VELOCIRaptor. We find that cluster galaxies close to filaments tend to be more star forming, bluer, and contain more cold gas than their counterparts further away from filaments. This effect is recovered at all stellar masses. This is in stark contrast with galaxies residing outside of clusters, where galaxies close to filaments show clear signs of density related pre-processing. We first show that the density contrast of filaments is reduced inside the intra-cluster medium. Moreover, examination of flows around and into cluster galaxies shows that the gas flows in intra-cluster filaments are colder and tend to stream along with galaxies in their midst, partially shielding them from strangulation by the hot, dense intra-cluster medium. This also preserves accretion on to satellites and limit ram pressure.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: spatial resolved properties of kinematically misaligned galaxies
Authors: Xu Haitong , Chen Yanmei , Shi Yong , Zhou Yuren , Bizyaev Dmitry , Bao Min , Beom Minje , Fernández-Trincado José G , Cao Xiao 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We select 456 galaxies with kinematically misaligned gas and stellar components from 9456 parent galaxies in MaNGA, and classify them into 72 star-forming galaxies, 142 green-valley galaxies, and 242 quiescent galaxies. Comparing the spatial resolved properties of the misaligned galaxies with control samples closely match in the Dn4000 and stellar velocity dispersion, we find that: (1) the misaligned galaxies have lower values in Vgas/σgas and Vstar/σstar (the ratio between ordered to random motion of gas and stellar components) across the entire galaxies than their control samples; (2) the star-forming and green-valley misaligned galaxies have enhanced central concentrated star formation than their control galaxies. The difference in stellar population between quiescent misaligned galaxies and control samples is small; (3) gas-phase metallicity of the green valley and quiescent misaligned galaxies are lower than the control samples. For the star-forming misaligned galaxies, the difference in metallicity between the misaligned galaxies and their control samples strongly depends on how we select the control samples. All these observational results suggest that external gas accretion influences the evolution of star forming and green-valley galaxies, not only in kinematics/morphologies, but also in stellar populations. However, the quiescent misaligned galaxies have survived from different formation mechanisms.
The dark side of galaxy stellar populations – I. The stellar-to-halo mass relation and the velocity dispersion–halo mass relation
Authors: Scholz-Díaz Laura , Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Falcón-Barroso Jesús 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The growth and properties of galaxies are thought to be closely connected to the ones of their host dark matter haloes. Despite the importance of this so-called galaxy–halo connection, the potential role of dark matter haloes in regulating observed galaxy properties remains yet to be fully understood. In this work, we derive the ages, metallicites, and [Mg/Fe] abundances from optical spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey of nearby central galaxies, and study them in terms of their host haloes. We investigate how the scatter in the stellar-to-halo mass relation and the velocity dispersion–halo mass relation correlates with these stellar population parameters. In addition, we also study the differences when distinguishing between different galaxy morphologies and environments. We find that the ages and chemical enrichment of galaxies are not fully determined by their stellar masses or velocity dispersion, but also depend on the mass of the host haloes. Our findings suggest that the velocity dispersion is the best proxy of the stellar population parameters with halo mass playing a secondary yet noticeable role. We interpret that the origin of the correlation between the scatter of these relations and the ages and metallicities might be related to different halo formation times.
Successful transition from intravenous epoprostenol to oral selexipag and inhaled iloprost in a case of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Saiki Chihiro , Kashiwado Yusuke , Yokoyama Taku , Ayano Masahiro , Imabayashi Keisuke , Kawano Shotaro , Higashioka Kazuhiko , Kimoto Yasutaka , Fukata Mitsuhiro , Mitoma Hiroki , Ono Nobuyuki , Arinobu Yojiro , Akashi Koichi , Horiuchi Takahiko , Niiro Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
A 25-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE-PAH). Her mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 56 mmHg, and her SLE Disease Activity Index-2 K score was 14 on admission. In addition to a strong immunosuppressive regimen, which included steroid pulse therapy followed by high-dose oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) and intravenous cyclophosphamide, an upfront combination of vasodilator therapy, including oral tadalafil, macitentan, and intravenous epoprostenol, was administered in the early phase. Two months later, her mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 29 mmHg, and her other haemodynamic markers showed significant improvement. She refused to start life-long intravenous epoprostenol therapy and so was switched to oral selexipag and inhaled iloprost. The transition was successful, and she has experienced no exacerbations of SLE-PAH during the 10 months since the onset of pulmonary arterial hypertension. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of intravenous epoprostenol being switched to alternative oral and inhaled therapy in a patient with SLE-PAH. In combination with adequate immunosuppressive therapy, it is probably easier to make this transition in patients with SLE-PAH than in those with pulmonary arterial hypertension of a different aetiology. Continuous infusion of epoprostenol can have potentially life-threatening complications and a detrimental effect on the quality of life. Our alternative treatment strategy was successful, and we hope that it will prove beneficial in other cases.
True oxygen reduction capacity during photosynthetic electron transfer in thylakoids and intact leaves
Authors: Fitzpatrick Duncan , Aro Eva-Mari , Tiwari Arjun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in electron transport processes of living organisms in oxygenic environments. Chloroplasts are plant bioenergetics hubs where imbalances between photosynthetic inputs and outputs drive ROS generation upon changing environmental conditions. Plants have harnessed various site-specific thylakoid membrane ROS products into environmental sensory signals. Our current understanding of ROS production in thylakoids suggests that oxygen (O2) reduction takes place at numerous components of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PETC). To refine models of site-specific O2 reduction capacity of various PETC components in isolated thylakoids of Arabidopsis thaliana, we quantified the stoichiometry of oxygen production and consumption reactions associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation using membrane inlet mass spectrometry and specific inhibitors. Combined with P700 spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping, we demonstrate that electron flow to photosystem I (PSI) is essential for H2O2 accumulation during the photosynthetic linear electron transport process. Further leaf disc measurements provided clues that H2O2 from PETC has a potential of increasing mitochondrial respiration and CO2 release. Based on gas exchange analyses in control, site-specific inhibitor-, methyl viologen-, and catalase-treated thylakoids, we provide compelling evidence of no contribution of plastoquinone pool or cytochrome b6f to chloroplastic H2O2 accumulation. The putative production of H2O2 in any PETC location other than PSI is rapidly quenched and therefore cannot function in H2O2 translocation to another cellular location or in signaling.
COVID-19, poverty reduction, and partisanship in Canada and the United States
Authors: Béland Daniel , Dinan Shannon , Rocco Philip , Waddan Alex 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPoor people proved especially vulnerable to economic disruption during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which highlighted the importance of poverty reduction as a policy concern. In this article, we explore the politics of poverty reduction during the COVID-19 crisis in Canada and the United States, two liberal welfare-state regimes where poverty reduction is a key policy issue. We show that, since the beginning of the pandemic, policies likely to reduce poverty significantly have been adopted in both Canada and the United States. Yet, this poverty reduction logic has emerged in different ways in the two countries—with the United States embracing more significant departures from its policy status quo. This situation leads us to ask the following question: in each country, what are the political conditions under which public policies susceptible of reducing poverty are enacted? To answer this question, we study the politics of poverty reduction both before and during the pandemic, as we suggest that grasping the evolution of partisan and electoral patterns over time is necessary to explain what happened during the pandemic, whose impact is closely related to how it interacts with such patterns. Our analysis suggests the need to consider more carefully the impact of both crises and partisanship on social policy, including poverty reduction.
TRITIUM CONCENTRATION IN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION NEAR THE FUSION TEST FACILITY IN JAPAN BEFORE AND AFTER THE DEUTERIUM PLASMA EXPERIMENT
Authors: Akata Naofumi , Iwata Chie , Nakada Miki , Kato Akemi , Okada Kazusa , Kuwata Haruka , Nakasone Shunya , Tanaka Masahiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Japan, the deuterium plasma experiment using the Large Helical Device was started at the National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) in March 2017 to investigate high-temperature plasma physics and hydrogen isotope effects in research leading towards the realisation of fusion energy. The deuterium plasma experiment produces small amount of tritium by fusion reactions. To understand any impacts by the experiment to the surrounding environment, monthly precipitation samples have been collected at the NIFS site since November 2013 to assess the relationship between isotope composition and chemical species in precipitation including tritium. By comparing data before and after the deuterium plasma experiment start, it was found that tritium released from the main stack of the fusion test facility had no impact on the environment surrounding NIFS.
Revision of the generic system for the swimming crab subfamily Portuninae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) based on molecular and morphological analyses
Authors: Koch Milan , Spiridonov Vassily A , Ďuriš Zdeněk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSwimming crabs of the genus Portunus are revised based on analysis of three genetic markers (COI, 16S and H3) and a morphological comparison. The analyses reveal the polyphyletic composition of Monomia, Portunus and Xiphonectes and the paraphyly of Achelous. Portunus, in our revised composition, is restricted to 13, Monomia to ten and Xiphonectes to 14 species. Other species are transferred to Achelous (28) and Cycloachelous (nine) or to newly established genera. Four new genera are separated from Xiphonectes and one new genus from Monomia. The systematic composition of the portunid subfamily Portuninae now comprises 11 genera: Arenaeus, Allomonomia gen. nov., Cavoportunus, Callinectes, Cycloachelous, Eodemus gen. nov., Incultus gen. nov., Monomia, Portunus, Trionectes gen. nov. and Xiphonectes. The genus Lupella is synonymized with Achelous (Achelouinae). Xiphonectes pulchricristatus and Xiphonectes spinipes are placed in Alionectes gen. nov., Portunus ponticus is transferred to Lupocycloporus (both Lupocyclinae), and Monomia euglypha is now placed in Cycloachelous (Portuninae). Portunus mokyevskyi is considered a junior synonym of Scylla tranquebarica (Necronectinae). Xiphonectes leptocheles is confirmed as a valid species. Cycloachelous granulatus unispinosus is also considered a valid species and is to be treated as Cycloachelous unispinosus.
Comparison Between Preoperative Methadone and Buprenorphine Use on Postoperative Opioid Requirement
Authors: Komatsu Ryu , Nash Michael , Peperzak Katherin A. , Ziga Taylor M. , Dinges Emily M. , Delgado Carlos , Wu Jiang , Terman Gregory W. , Dale Rebecca C. 
Published: February 2022

Objectives:
Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at mu-opioid receptors and competes for these receptors with other opioids in vitro. Whether patients on buprenorphine maintenance require high doses of opioid analgesics to attain adequate postoperative pain control has not been determined. We evaluated differences in acute postoperative opioid consumption and pain burden between patients taking buprenorphine and those taking methadone preoperatively.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of medical records of 928 patients, of whom 195 were on buprenorphine and 733 were on methadone preoperatively, was performed. Among methadone and buprenorphine patients, 615 and 89, respectively, continued to receive the medications postoperatively. Buprenorphine patients were compared with methadone patients for the first 48 hours postoperatively with regard to acute opioid dose requirements (morphine milligram equivalents [MME] above their baseline buprenorphine and methadone doses) and time-weighted average (TWA) pain scores (using targeted maximum likelihood estimation).

Results:
Opioid dose requirements for 48 hours postoperatively were 150 (22 to 297) (median [interquartile range]) and 220 [90 to 360] MME for buprenorphine and methadone patients, respectively. Preoperative buprenorphine was associated with a 59.9% lower postoperative MME (95% confidence interval: 46.6%-69.8%, P<0.0001) compared with methadone. Postoperative TWA pain scores for the first 48 hours were 5.0±2.7 (mean±SD), and 5.4±2.3 for buprenorphine and methadone patients, respectively. Preoperative buprenorphine was associated with a 0.37-point lower TWA pain score (95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.61, P=0.002) compared with methadone.

Discussion:
Preoperative buprenorphine use was associated with >50% reduction in postoperative opioid dose requirement and a statistically significant, though clinically unimportant, reduction in acute pain burden in comparison to methadone. The study is limited by several important factors such as the exclusion of patients requiring intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, small number of patients were on higher dose of buprenorphine, and a large percentage of methadone patients were not on a stable dose of methadone yet.
The Psychological Impact on Relatives of Critically Ill Patients: The Influence of Visiting Hours
Authors: Iglesias Judit , Martín Juan , Alcañiz Montserrat , Ezquiaga Elena , Vega Gema 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To identify the psychologic impact of admission to the ICU on the relatives of critically ill patients, the influence of coping, and the factors involved.

DESIGN:
We performed a cohort study with repeated measures evaluation using descriptive and comparative bivariate and multivariate analyses.

SETTINGS:
An adult ICU of a third-level complexity hospital.

PATIENTS:
The family members of patients (maximum of three per patient) staying longer than 3 days.

INTERVENTIONS:
Not applicable.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Psychologic impact was assessed using two subgroups of psychologic distress: anxiety (by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (by the Beck Depression Inventory). Satisfaction and coping were assessed by the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory and the Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Inventory, respectively. We included 104 family members; psychologic distress was high at admission (72% had anxiety, 45% had depression, and 42% had both) but decreased at discharge (34% had anxiety, 23% had depression, and 21% had both). The risk factors related to psychologic impact were severity (anxiety: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score ≥ 18 points: relative risk [RR], 2; 95% CI, 1–4; p = 0.03), invasive mechanical ventilation (anxiety: RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1–3.6; p = 0.04), recent psychotropic medication use by relatives (depression: RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1–2.9; p = 0.05), a restrictive visiting policy (anxiety: RR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2–10.4; p = 0.002), no emotion-focused coping strategy (anxiety: strategy < 11 points, RR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.2–52; p = 0.01), and functional impairment (depression: Barthel index ≤ 60 points, RR, 7.4; 95% CI, 1.7–26.3; p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
The psychologic impact from admission to the ICU on family members is high. Visiting hours is the main modifiable factor to reduce the impact.