bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecology and evolution of human‐wildlife cooperation
Authors: Cram Dominic L. , van der Wal Jessica E. M. , Uomini Natalie , Cantor Mauricio , Afan Anap I. , Attwood Mairenn C. , Amphaeris Jenny , Balasani Fatima , Blair Cameron J. , Bronstein Judith L. , Buanachique Iahaia O. , Cuthill Rion R. T. , Das Jewel , Daura‐Jorge Fábio G. , Deb Apurba , Dixit Tanmay , Dlamini Gcina S. , Dounias Edmond , Gedi Isa I. , Gruber Martin , Hoffmann Lilian S. , Holzlehner Tobias , Isack Hussein A. , Laltaika Eliupendo A. , Lloyd‐Jones David J. , Lund Jess , Machado Alexandre M. S. , Mahadevan L. , Moreno Ignacio B. , Nwaogu Chima J. , Pierotti Raymond , Rucunua Seliano A. , dos Santos Wilson F. , Serpa Nathalia , Smith Brian D. , Sridhar Hari , Tolkova Irina , Tun Tint , Valle‐Pereira João V. S. , Wood Brian M. , Wrangham Richard W. , Spottiswoode Claire N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman‐wildlife cooperation is a type of mutualism in which a human and a wild, free‐living animal actively coordinate their behaviour to achieve a common beneficial outcome.While other cooperative human‐animal interactions involving captive coercion or artificial selection (including domestication) have received extensive attention, we lack integrated insights into the ecology and evolution of human‐wildlife cooperative interactions.Here, we review and synthesise the function, mechanism, development, and evolution of human‐wildlife cooperation.Active cases involve people cooperating with greater honeyguide birds and with two dolphin species, while historical cases involve wolves and orcas.In all cases, a food source located by the animal is made available to both species by a tool‐using human, coordinated with cues or signals.The mechanisms mediating the animal behaviours involved are unclear, but they may resemble those underlying intraspecific cooperation and reduced neophobia.The skills required appear to develop at least partially by social learning in both humans and the animal partners. As a result, distinct behavioural variants have emerged in each type of human‐wildlife cooperative interaction in both species, and human‐wildlife cooperation is embedded within local human cultures.We propose multiple potential origins for these unique cooperative interactions, and highlight how shifts to other interaction types threaten their persistence.Finally, we identify key questions for future research. We advocate an approach that integrates ecological, evolutionary and anthropological perspectives to advance our understanding of human‐wildlife cooperation. In doing so, we will gain new insights into the diversity of our ancestral, current and future interactions with the natural world.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Real‐world experience in treating pediatric relapsed/refractory or therapy‐related myeloid malignancies with decitabine, vorinostat, and FLAG therapy based on a phase 1 study run by the TACL consortium
Authors: Schafer Eric S. , Chao Karen , Stevens Alexandra M. , Jo Eunji , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Gossai Nathan P. , Doan Andrew , Colace Susan I. , Guinipero Terri , Otterson Daniel , Kaplan Joel A. , Hinson Ashley , Pommert Lauren , Wayne Alan S. , Bhojwani Deepa , Burke Michael J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCurrent therapies for relapsed/refractory (R/R) pediatric myeloid neoplasms are inadequately effective. Real‐world data (RWD) can improve care by augmenting traditional studies and include individuals not eligible for clinical trials. The Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma (TACL) consortium recently completed T2016‐003, a phase 1 study of decitabine, vorinostat, fludarabine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in R/R acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which added epigenetic drugs to a cytotoxic backbone. We report results of RWD from six centers that treated 28 pediatric patients (26 with AML, two with other myeloid neoplasms) identically to the TACL study but who were not enrolled. This allowed unique analyses and the ability to compare data with the 35 TACL study patients. The overall response rate (ORR) (complete response [CR] plus CR with incomplete count recovery) among 26 RWD evaluable patients was 65%. The ORR of 13 patients with relapsed AML with epigenetic alterations was 69% (T2016‐003 + RWD: 68%, n = 25), of eight patients with refractory AML was 38% (T2016‐003 + RWD: 41%, n = 17) and of five patients with therapy‐related AML (t‐AML) was 80% (T2016‐003 + RWD: 75%, n = 8). The mean number of Grade 3/4 toxicities experienced by the T2016‐003‐eligible RWD population (n = 22) (one per patient‐cycle) was not meaningfully different than those (n = 6) who would have been TACL study‐ineligible secondary to comorbidities (two per patient‐cycle). Overall, this therapy was well tolerated and effective in pediatric patients with R/R myeloid neoplasms, particularly those with epigenetic alterations, t‐AML, and refractory disease.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals variation in the metabolites and genes of Platycodon grandiflorus roots from different regions
Authors: Chang An , Pei Wen‐han , Li Si‐yu , Wang Tian‐min , Song Hui‐peng , Kang Ting‐guo , Zhang Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPlatycodon grandiflorum root (PG), a popular traditional Chinese medicine, contains considerable chemical components with broad pharmacological activities. The complexity and diversity of the chemical components of PG from different origins contribute to its broad biological activities. The quality of southern PG is superior to that of northern PG, but the mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear.ObjectivesIn order to study variation in the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as their interactions and signalling pathways among PG from Anhui and Liaoning.MethodsThe metabolomes based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and the transcriptome based on high‐throughput sequencing technology were combined to comprehensively analyse PGn and PGb.ResultsA total of 6515 DEGs and 83 DAMs from the comparison of PG from Anhui and Liaoning were detected. Integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data revealed that 215 DEGs and 57 DAMs were significantly enriched in 48 pathways according to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and 15 DEGs and 10 DAMs significantly enriched in the main pathway sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis might play a key role in complex response or regulatory processes.ConclusionDifferences in PG from southern and northern China might thus stem from differences in environmental factors, such as precipitation, light duration, and humidity. The results of our study provide new insight into geographic variation in gene expression and metabolite accumulation and will enhance the utilisation of PG resources.
Cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis among people with recent‐onset psychotic disorders: A retrospective cohort study using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Wootten Jared C. , Richard Lucie , Blanchette Phillip S. , Wiener Joshua C. , Anderson Kelly K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivePrior evidence on the relative risk of cancer among people with psychotic disorders is equivocal. The objective of this study was to compare incidence and stage at diagnosis of cancer for people with psychotic disorders relative to the general population.MethodWe constructed a retrospective cohort of people with a first diagnosis of non‐affective psychotic disorder and a comparison group from the general population using linked health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. The cohort was followed for incident diagnoses of cancer over a 25‐year period. We used Poisson and logistic regression models to compare cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis between people with psychotic disorders and the comparison group, adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsPeople with psychotic disorders had an 8.6% higher incidence (IRR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.05,1.12) of cancer overall relative to the comparison group, with effect modification by sex and substantial variation across cancer sites. People with psychotic disorders also had 23% greater odds (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.13,1.34) of being diagnosed with more advanced stage cancer relative to the comparison group.ConclusionsWe found evidence of elevated cancer incidence in people with non‐affective psychotic disorders relative to the general population. The higher odds of more advanced stage cancer diagnoses in people with psychotic disorders represents an opportunity to improve patient participation in recommended cancer screening, as well as timely access to services for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Future research should examine confounding effects of lifestyle factors and antipsychotic medications on the risk of developing cancer among people with psychotic disorders.
An active learning Bayesian ensemble surrogate model for structural reliability analysis
Authors: Xiao Tianli , Park Chanseok , Ouyang Linhan , Ma Yizhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurrogate models have been proven to be powerful tools to alleviate the computational burden of structural reliability analysis. An appropriate surrogate model can guarantee prediction accuracy with limited samples. However, the traditional single modeling technique ignores the model‐form uncertainty due to insufficient knowledge of the physical system, leading to unreliable prediction results or time‐consuming computation. To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies, an active learning ensemble surrogate model under the framework of Bayesian inference is proposed for structural reliability analysis. Based on the derived Bayesian posterior distribution of the predicted response, a learning function integrating the modified U function and the distance information between design points is developed to sequentially select the next point. Besides, in order to further enhance the computational efficiency, we propose an adaptive method to identify the sampling region according to the prediction uncertainty of the estimated limit state surface. Five benchmark examples are employed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Comparison results show that the proposed active learning reliability analysis method based on the Bayesian ensemble surrogate model can greatly reduce the computational expense with a competitive prediction accuracy. Taking the 10‐bar truss problem as an example, compared with AK‐MCS+U, ALR‐Bpce, and ALR‐SVR, the improved rate of the proposed method in efficiency is 51.58%, 12.78%, and 25.96%, respectively. Meanwhile, its prediction accuracy is high and much better than ALR‐ELSM. In addition, the superior performance is robust in a wide range of application cases.
Synthesis, Structural Analysis and Antiproliferative Activity of Nitrogen‐Containing Hetero Spirostan Derivatives: Oximes, Heterocyclic Ring‐Fused and Furostanes
Authors: Erdagi Sevinc Ilkar , Yildiz Ufuk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study focuses on the synthesis of spirostan derivatives as potential drug candidates for biological applications. Recently, spirostan derivatives containing the hetero‐atom have attracted great scientific attention due to their anti‐cancer, anti‐diabetes, and anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, nitrogen‐containing novel spirostan derivatives with substituted oxime, nitrile, pyrazole, isoxazole structures in ring‐A and F were designed and synthesized starting from diosgenin. The intermediates and target derivatives’ chemical structures were characterized by FTIR, HRMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, elemental analysis, and HPLC techniques. The target compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities in two human cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and A549). The tested compounds exhibited potent anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549). On the other hand, the toxicity of the tested compounds against human healthy fetal lung fibroblasts (MCR‐5) indicated that compounds were non‐toxic for the human body. The results showed that compounds may be used as a promising agents for anticancer agents with improved efficacy.
Design and Optimization of pH‐Responsive Chitosan‐Coated Zn‐Carboxymethyl Cellulose Hydrogel Bead Carriers for Amoxicillin Trihydrate Delivery
Authors: Bulut Emine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the study, chitosan (CS)‐coated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bead carriers were developed via electrostatic interactions in the presence of chitosan and zinc ions, using amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX) as a model drug. The beads were produced by cross‐linking with Zn2+ ions by varying the drug/polymer ratio, concentration of chitosan and cross‐linker. Their structures were characterized with FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM. AMX release was investigated at two different pH mediums (1.2 and 7.4) at 37 °C. The release profiles of the carriers were highly affected by the degree of cross‐linking, the AMX/polymer ratio, pH, and especially the chitosan coating. As a result, the optimum AMX release was found as 77.4 % for chitosan‐coated beads (A3) with an AMX/polymer ratio of 1/5, ZnCl2 concentration of 1 %, CS concentration of 1 %. The entrapment efficiency for these carriers (A3) was found to be 57.61 % with high efficiency. It was also determined that AMX release was Fick diffusion and anomalous transport mechanism.
A Nonenzymatic DNA Nanomachine for Detection of Biomolecules by DNA Walker Strategy and Radical Polymerization Signal Amplification
Authors: Radfar Sasan , Ghanbari Reza , Alizadeh Abdolhamid , Safaei Zahra , Repo Eveliina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExternal intervention can make quasi‐mechanical movements in enzyme‐free DNA nanomachine, suggesting the promise of developing novel biosensing systems. The superiority of the “signal‐on” strategies inspired researchers to fabricate sensitive and selective biosensors by combining the advantages of chemical amplification methods with DNA nanomachines. Herein, a smart enzyme‐free DNA nanomachine for biomolecule detection has been developed using DNA walker strategy, Click Chemistry, and electrochemically mediated surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. When the target biomarker is present, DNA walker (DW) could be unleashed which drives walking on the surface of the DNA‐coated Fe3O4/GCE. Then, this DW hybridized with Azide‐labeled DNA probe1 (H1) and subsequently substituted by DNA probe2 (H2) through walking process. Therefore, the loop of H1 was unlocked to form Azide group available at 3’ end. This procedure is repeated so that each released DW can open multiplex H1 strands, resulted in amplification of the signal. After successive walking, “Click reactions” carried out between Azide and 3‐Butynyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate for initiating the radical polymerization reaction, which brought a great quantity of the electroactive labels on the electrode surface. The number of labels was quantified by square wave voltammetry which was proportional to the target biomarker concentration. In addition, this electroanalytical devicewas applied successfully for direct determination of biomolecules in real serum, and also showed wide dynamic range, excellent detection limit, storage stability and reproducibility. Thus, the proposed biosensor could be effectually utilized in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.
DBU‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Benzoaurones with 3‐Homoacyl Coumarins: Synthesis of Spiro[Benzofuranone‐Cyclopentane] Compounds
Authors: Lin Huawei , Gu Jing , Luo Shan , Gu Qilong , Cao Xiaoqun , Ge Yanqing , Wang Chang , Yuan Chunhao , Wang Hai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the presence of organocatalyst DBU, novel spiro[benzofuranone‐cyclopentane] compounds are prepared via a [3+2] cycloaddition of benzoaurones with 3‐homoacyl coumarins. This method proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and shows tolerance for various substituent groups, affording the desired products in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.
Affinities and Kinetics Detection of Protein–Small Molecule Interactions with a Monolayer MoS2‐Based Optical Imaging Platform
Authors: Zhu Hao , Chen Zixuan , Chen Yun , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantifying the binding kinetics and affinities of protein–small molecule interactions is critical for biomarker validation, drug discovery, and deep understanding of various biological processes at the molecular‐scale. Novel approaches are demanded as most common label‐free techniques are mass‐sensitive, which are not suitable for the detection of small molecule interactions. Here, an optical imaging platform is developed to measure the binding kinetics of both protein–small molecules and protein–ions based on monolayer MoS2, an ultra‐thin 2D material whose optical absorption is extremely sensitive to charge. A model is established to calibrate the optical response due to the charged analyte binding and it is applied to quantify the interactions between abl1 kinase and different small‐molecule inhibitors. Such a presented method is capable of distinguishing different inhibitors binding to a wild or mutated kinase, which provides guidance for drug evaluation and drug mechanism exploration. The binding kinetics of calcium ions to calmodulin is also measured, further broadening the application field of the method. In addition, the imaging capability allows mapping the local binding kinetics of the molecular interactions with a high resolution, which reveals visible spatial variability and offers a promising tool for studying heterogeneous local interfacial interactions.
The combined effect of load and corrosion on the flexural performance of recycled aggregate concrete beams
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo investigate the combined effect of load and steel corrosion on the flexural performance of recycled aggregate concrete beams, considering three types of aggregate replacement ratios (i.e., 0%, 50%, and 100%) and four levels of load (i.e., 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6), 12 beams were designed for accelerated corrosion test and four‐points bending test. The load was applied to beams by using a designed loading device before the accelerated corrosion test. After the accelerated corrosion test, four‐point bending test was conducted to measure the flexural performance of beams. The results showed that, with the increase of load level applied to beams before accelerated corrosion test, the number of bending cracks on the bottom of corroded beams after four‐points bending test decreased, while the average spacing of bending cracks increased. The effect of aggregate replacement ratio on the average spacing of bending cracks was more significant than that of steel corrosion. Yield moment capacity and ultimate moment capacity of corroded beams had a strong linear relationship with the maximum mass loss of tensile reinforcement, and both of which decreased with the increase of load level and aggregate replacement ratio. For every 1% maximum mass loss of the tensile reinforcement, the reduction of ultimate moment capacity of beams was approximately 4–6 times larger than that of ordinary concrete beams. The degradation model for ultimate moment capacity of corroded beams proposed in this paper had satisfactory prediction accuracy.
Identification of cost and energy effective seawater membranes for use under hot climate conditions
Authors: Shaaban Sameh , Yahya Hany 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeawater desalination using a cost‐effective reverse osmosis system is crucial for hot climate countries suffering from water scarcity. The most favorable seawater membrane characteristics were identified under typical Egyptian operating conditions. Twelve different commercially available membrane elements were investigated. A reverse osmosis system was designed and simulated using available software (e.g., ROSA and IMSDesign). The characteristics of the most promising membranes were identified for operation at Matruh (Mediterranean Sea) and Sharm El‐Sheikh (Red Sea). The present work shows that the lowest cost of seawater desalination is obtained with membranes having high salt rejection, high permeate flow, high membrane active area, and permeate flux greater than 0.914 m3/(d·m2). Moreover, the cost of seawater desalination in summer is lower than in winter by 5% for Matruh and 2.7% for Sharm El‐Sheikh. However, the impact of water salinity on the cost and specific energy consumption is higher than that of the seawater temperature. The cost of Mediterranean seawater desalination is lower than that of the Red Sea by 10.6%. Cost analysis at five different locations in Egypt shows that the highest cost takes place at Suez (Gulf of Suez), and the lowest cost occurs at Matruh (Mediterranean Sea).Practitioner Points
Twelve different membranes were investigated for use under typical hot climate conditions.
The cost of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is lower in summer by 2.7%–5% compared with winter.
RO desalination costs up to 10.6% less for the Mediterranean Sea compared with the Red Sea.
The optimum membrane element performance characteristics were identified for use under hot climate conditions.
Social Networks and Health Inequalities in Old Age
Authors: Müller Britta , Ellwardt Lea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThanks to improvements in living standards and health behavior as well as medical progress since the second half of the twentieth century, old age has become a life phase in its own right. This phase usually begins by the transition from working life to retirement (Kohli, 2000). Both the chance of reaching retirement and the life expectancy after retirement have increased significantly (Eisenmenger & Emmerling, 2011). The post-work phase spans several decades for many people now. In addition, people who retire are considerably healthier and more independent than their peers of earlier birth cohorts (Crimmins, 2004). The expansion of this phase of life has been accompanied by a differentiation of older people in terms of health and independence: healthy and active people experience this phase, as do people in need of help and care. This fact is considered by distinguishing between old and very old people (Baltes, 2007). Characteristics ofold ageare absence of non-compensable health restrictions, self-determination of various activities (e.g., traveling, hobbies, voluntary work), and strong social integration. Overall, the demands of old age can be coped well in this phase.Very old ageis characterized by an increase in physical and cognitive losses and diseases, and a decrease in the abilities and possibilities of compensating for deficits (Baltes, 1997; Baltes & Smith, 2003).
Social Status, Social Relations, and Health
Authors: Vonneilich Nico 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the current state of research on social status, social relations, and health. The focus is on two questions: (1) Is there evidence of an explanatory contribution of social relationships on the association of social status and health (mediating effect of social relationships), and (2) do associations of social relations and health vary in different social status groups (moderating effect of social status)? There is evidence that social relationships can help explain health inequalities. The current state of research on the moderating effect is less clear. Although there are indications of a moderating effect, the results for both questions vary greatly regarding indicators used for social relationships or health. Research on these questions has so far neglected a more complex measurement of social relations, such as in social networks. Complex assessments of social relations might help in finding more detailed insights.