bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ НАЛИВНИХ ВАНТАЖІВ МОРСЬКИМ ТРАНСПОРТОМ
Authors: Bernevek Т.І. , Pavlova N.L. , Tykhonina І.І. 
Published: January 2022

Вступ. Значний обсяг перевезень наливних вантажів морським транспортом і фізико-хімічні властивості цих речовин зумовлюють специфіку процесу транспортування та вибір відповідної технології, яка забезпечує якісну доставку при гарантуванні максимального рівня безпеки. Необхідність вирішення цієї проблеми актуалізує запровадження інноваційних технологічних рішень у цій сфері. Одним із них є флекситанки, які уможливлюють перевезення безпечних рідких вантажів різного походження і призначення у великотоннажних контейнерах і здатні забезпечити ефективну організацію процесу перевезень, у тому числі й мультимодальних. Метою статті є дослідження особливостей використання флекситанків як сучасної технології перевезення наливних вантажів морським транспортом і формування специфічних організаційно-технологічних заходів щодо їх застосування. Результати. У досліджені визначено роль наливних вантажів у загальному обсязі міжнародної морської торгівлі та їх специфіку. На основі дослідження наявних способів і технологічних схем перевезення наливних вантажів морським транспортом (танк-контейнерів, цистерн, танкерних суден), їх переваг і недоліків доведено доцільність використання флекситанків. Визначено їх конструктивні особливості, техніко-експлуатаційні характеристики й вимоги, яких необхідно дотримуватися задля забезпечення належного рівня безпеки при використанні. Установлено сучасні тенденції, які характерні для сучасного світового ринку флекситанків, приділено увагу особливостям унормування і стандартизації процесів оцінки їх якості й надійності. За результатами дослідження техніко-економічних показників різних видів тари, призначеної для перевезень наливних вантажів морським транспортом, порівняно їх основні експлуатаційні характеристики. Виокремлено переваги та недоліки флекситанків. Охарактеризовано технологію процесу перевезення вантажу і сформовано загальну технологічну схему перевезень наливних вантажів із використанням флекситанків при експортно-імпортних операціях. Запропоновано комплекс організаційно-технологічних заходів, спрямований на подальший розвиток і просування цієї технології перевезення наливних вантажів морським транспортом. Висновки. Використання флекситанків як сучасної технології перевезення наливних вантажів морським транспортом спрямовано на підвищення ефективності цього процесу, забезпечення належного рівня екологічності й максимального рівня безпеки.
Attitudes and Behaviors of Health Care Professionals Towards Preventive Measures Against COVID-19
Authors: Yunus Asma , Mushtaq Shahzad Khaver , Sadaf Fouzia , Arshad Nadeem , Batool Sehrish 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is that healthcare professionals play the most significant role in tackling pandemic COVID-19 and are considered as the most vulnerable and at-risk population for infection. An effective response to a pandemic depends on the attitudes and behaviors of physicians, nursing, staff, lab technicians, and other support staff. The study was conducted to explore the attitudes and behaviors of health care professionals towards preventive measures against COVID-19. The study was designed following the positivistic research paradigm hence cross-sectional survey research was selected as the most appropriate design. For the purpose of data collection, a self-administered structured questionnaire was developed and used. The survey was conducted during the month of March 2020 in Punjab through an online data collection method from 150 health care professionals working in various public sector hospitals in Punjab. The questionnaire was uploaded on the survey monkey website and shared on various social media platforms to collect data in order to get responses. Results show that self-reported anxiety level is high among physicians and nurses as compared to technical and support staff. Data shows that there are significant differences in attitudes and behaviors towards preventive measures against pandemic COVID-19 between physicians and nurses especially about the adoption of various techniques for improving immunity. It was also found that there are significant attitudinal and behavioral differences according to sex, region of residence, and marital status of health care professionals.
Debating Sharī‘a in Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad Latif 
Published: January 2022

The transformation of Sharia into a legal code in different Muslim countries is not an easy process. Let alone in Indonesia, this transformation has included dialogues, conflicts and tensions between multiple groups. In the last two decades, along with the growing up of democratic life, this tension has given rise to the emergence of so-called ‘progressive’ and ‘conservative’ movements. Debates among them continue to rage even more intensely. On the other hand, as this article has argued, the development of Islamic family law in Indonesia has demonstrated the increase in the use of modern approaches to Islamic jurisprudence. Nevertheless, the State authority seems to have a decisive power to intervene the content and to determine the result of the debate. Accordingly, I would like to value all these political and legal processes as an inseparable part of the larger process of a public sphere in the Indonesian reformasi era.
TGR5 Activation Ameliorates Mitochondrial Homeostasis via Regulating the PKCδ/Drp1-HK2 Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Meng-Yuan , Zhu Lingpeng , Zheng Xinhua , Xie Tian-Hua , Wang Wenjuan , Zou Jian , Li Yan , Li Hong-Ying , Cai Jiping , Gu Shun , Yao Yong , Wei Ting-Ting 
Published: January 2022

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular diseases of diabetes. Our previous research demonstrated that bile acid G-protein-coupled membrane receptor (TGR5), a novel cell membrane receptor of bile acid, ameliorates the vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in DR. However, the precise mechanism leading to this alteration remains unknown. Thus, the mechanism of TGR5 in the progress of DR should be urgently explored.Methods: In this study, we established high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cells (RMECs) and streptozotocin-induced DR rat in vitro and in vivo. The expression of TGR5 was interfered through the specific agonist or siRNA to study the effect of TGR5 on the function of endothelial cell in vitro. Western blot, immunofluorescence and fluorescent probes were used to explore how TGR5 regulated mitochondrial homeostasis and related molecular mechanism. The adeno-associated virus serotype 8-shTGR5 (AAV8-shTGR5) was performed to evaluate retinal dysfunction in vivo and further confirm the role of TGR5 in DR by HE staining, TUNEL staining, PAS staining and Evans Blue dye.Results: We found that TGR5 activation alleviated HG-induced endothelial cell apoptosis by improving mitochondrial homeostasis. Additionally, TGR5 signaling reduced mitochondrial fission by suppressing the Ca2+-PKCδ/Drp1 signaling and enhanced mitophagy through the upregulation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. Furthermore, our result indicated that Drp1 inhibited mitophagy by facilitating the hexokinase (HK) 2 separation from the mitochondria and HK2-PINK1/Parkin signaling. In vivo, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, including retinal vascular leakage, acellular capillaries and apoptosis, were poor in AAV8-shTGR5-treated group under DR, but this effect was reversed by pretreatment with the mitochondrial fission inhibitor Mdivi-1 or autophagy agonist Rapamycin.Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicated that TGR5 inhibited mitochondrial fission and enhanced mitophagy in RMECs by regulating the PKCδ/Drp1-HK2 signaling pathway. These results revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of TGR5 and suggested that activation of TGR5 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for DR.
Phase Variation of LPS and Capsule Is Responsible for Stochastic Biofilm Formation in Francisella tularensis
Authors: Mlynek Kevin D. , Lopez Christopher T. , Fetterer David P. , Williams Janice A. , Bozue Joel A. 
Published: January 2022

Biofilms have been established as an important lifestyle for bacteria in nature as these structured communities often enable survivability and persistence in a multitude of environments.Francisella tularensisis a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium found throughout much of the northern hemisphere. However, biofilm formation remains understudied and poorly understood inF. tularensisas non-substantial biofilms are typically observedin vitroby the clinically relevant subspeciesF. tularensissubsp.tularensisandF. tularensissubsp.holarctica(Type A and B, respectively). Herein, we report conditions under which robust biofilm development was observed in a stochastic, but reproducible manner in Type A and B isolates. The frequency at which biofilm was observed increased temporally and appeared switch-like as progeny from the initial biofilm quickly formed biofilm in a predictable manner regardless of time or propagation with fresh media. The Type B isolates used for this study were found to more readily switch on biofilm formation than Type A isolates. Additionally, pH was found to function as an environmental checkpoint for biofilm initiation independently of the heritable cellular switch. Multiple colony morphologies were observed in biofilm positive cultures leading to the identification of a particular subset of grey variants that constitutively produce biofilm. Further, we found that constitutive biofilm forming isolates delay the onset of a viable non-culturable state. In this study, we demonstrate that a robust biofilm can be developed by clinically relevantF. tularensisisolates, provide a mechanism for biofilm initiation and examine the potential role of biofilm formation.
Potential Role of the Renal Arterial Resistance Index in the Differential Diagnosis of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Li Haiyang , Shen Yunzhu , Yu Zhikai , Huang Yinghui , He Ting , Xiao Tangli , Li Yan , Xiong Jiachuan , Zhao Jinghong 
Published: January 2022

AimsTo investigate the potential role of renal arterial resistance index (RI) in the differential diagnosis between diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD) and establish a better-quantified differential diagnostic model.Materials and MethodsWe consecutively reviewed 469 type 2 diabetes patients who underwent renal biopsy in our center. According to the renal biopsy results, eligible patients were classified into the DKD group and the NDKD group. The diagnostic significance of RI was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to search for independent risk factors associated with DKD. Then a novel diagnostic model was established using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 332 DKD and 137 NDKD patients were enrolled for analysis. RI was significantly higher in the DKD group compared with those in the NDKD group (0.70 vs. 0.63, p&lt; 0.001). The optimum cutoff value of RI for predicting DKD was 0.66 with sensitivity (69.2%) and specificity (80.9%). Diabetic retinopathy, diabetes duration ≥ 60 months, HbA1c ≥ 7.0(%), RI ≥ 0.66, and body mass index showed statistical significance in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Then, we constructed a new diagnostic model based on these results. And the validation tests indicated that the new model had good sensitivity (81.5%) and specificity (78.6%).ConclusionsRI has a potential role in discriminating DKD from NDKD. The RI-based predicting model can be helpful for differential diagnosis of DKD and NDKD.
Organic Phosphorus Mineralization Dominates the Release of Internal Phosphorus in a Macrophyte-Dominated Eutrophication Lake
Authors: Yu Wei , Yang Haiquan , Chen Jingan , Liao Peng , Chen Quan , Yang Yongqiong , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2022

Macrophyte-dominated eutrophication (MDE) lakes have attracted wide attention due to the high phosphorus (P) loading in sediments that poses a wide spread risk for P release and pollution management. However, because of the superior productivity characteristics, the role of organic P mineralization in sediments in the internal P loading of MDE lake is still under debate. This study investigated the release dynamic of P in the sediments of Lake Caohai, a MDE lake in southwest of China, using a combination of the modified Huffer sequential extraction method, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and composite diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technology. Results showed that the apparent P diffusion flux at the sediment-water interface was remarkably high, with a mean value of 0.37 mg m−2 d−1. The phosphate ester organophosphorus components (i.e., Mono-P and Diester-P) continuously deposited and degraded in the sediments maintained the high productivity of the lake, and the mineralization process plays a critical role in the release of internal P. Although the content of inorganic P in sediment is relatively high (accounting for approximately 60% of total P), the reductive mechanism based on P-containing iron oxide/hydroxide has a low contribution to the internal P loading, as was indicated by the low release rate of P-combination iron-manganese (Fe-Mn)/iron-aluminum (Fe-Al) (BD-P and NaOH-P) and the insignificant positive correlations between DGT-labile P and DGT-labile Fe in the sediment cores. Additionally, organic P in sediments could transfer to P-combination Fe-Al/Fe-Mn. However, in severely expropriated environments, the enrichment of P-combination Fe-Al/Fe-Mn in surface sediments inhibited the mineralization of monophosphate to some degree. Taken together, this study emphasized the impact of sediment organic P loading on the release of internal P in lake, highlighting that organic P is also the valuable objects for avoiding eutrophication of MDE lakes.
Gene Expression in Embryos From Norwegian Red Bulls With High or Low Non Return Rate: An RNA-Seq Study of in vivo-Produced Single Embryos
Authors: Diaz-Lundahl Sofia , Sundaram Arvind Y.M. , Gillund Per , Gilfillan Gregor Duncan , Olsaker Ingrid , Krogenæs Anette 
Published: January 2022

During the last decade, paternal effects on embryo development have been found to have greater importance than previously believed. In domestic cattle, embryo mortality is an issue of concern, causing huge economical losses for the dairy cattle industry. In attempts to reveal the paternal influence on embryo death, recent approaches have used transcriptome profiling of the embryo to find genes and pathways affected by different phenotypes in the bull. For practical and economic reasons, most such studies have used in vitro produced embryos. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the global transcriptome of in vivo produced embryos, derived from sires with either high or low field fertility measured as the non-return rate (NRR) on day 56 after first AI of the inseminated cows. Superovulated heifers (n = 14) in the age span of 12–15 months were artificially inseminated with semen from either high fertility (n = 6) or low fertility (n = 6) bulls. On day seven after insemination, embryos were retrieved through uterine flushing. Embryos with first grade quality and IETS stage 5 (early blastocyst), 6 (blastocyst) or 7 (expanded blastocyst) were selected for further processing. In total, RNA extracted from 24 embryos was sequenced using Illumina sequencing, followed by differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. We found 62 genes differentially expressed between the two groups (adj.p-value&lt;0.05), of which several genes and their linked pathways could explain the different developmental capacity. Transcripts highly expressed in the embryos from low fertility bulls were related to sterol metabolism and terpenoid backbone synthesis, while transcripts highly expressed in the high fertility embryos were linked to anti-apoptosis and the regulation of cytokine signaling. The leukocyte transendothelial migration and insulin signaling pathways were associated with enrichments in both groups. We also found some highly expressed transcripts in both groups which can be considered as new candidates in the regulation of embryo development. The present study is an important step in defining the paternal influence in embryonic development. Our results suggest that the sire’s genetic contribution affects several important processes linked to pre-and peri implantation regulation in the developing embryo.
Whole Blood Holding Time Prior to Plasma Processing Alters microRNA Expression Profile
Authors: Kim Sung Hye , MacIntyre David A. , Sykes Lynne , Arianoglou Maria , Bennett Phillip R. , Terzidou Vasso 
Published: January 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can exhibit aberrant expression under different physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, differentially expressed circulating miRNAs have been a focus of biomarker discovery research. However, the use of circulating miRNAs comes with challenges which may hinder the reliability for their clinical application. These include varied sample collection protocols, storage times/conditions, sample processing and analysis methods. This study focused on examining the effect of whole blood holding time on the stability of plasma miRNA expression profiles. Whole blood samples were collected from healthy pregnant women and were held at 4°C for 30 min, 2 h, 6 h or 24 h prior to processing for plasma isolation. Plasma RNA was extracted and the expression of 179 miRNAs were analyzed. Unsupervised principal component analysis demonstrated that whole blood holding time was a major source of variation in miRNA expression profiles with 53 of 179 miRNAs showing significant changes in expression. Levels of specific miRNAs previously reported to be associated with pregnancy-associated complications such as hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, and hsa-miR-29a-3p, as well as commonly used endogenous miRNA controls, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, and hsa-miR-223-3p were significantly altered with increase in blood holding time. Current protocols for plasma-based miRNA profiling for diagnostics describe major differences in whole blood holding periods ranging from immediately after collection to 26 h after. Our results demonstrate holding time can have dramatic effects on analytical reliability and reproducibility. This highlights the importance of standardization of blood holding time prior to processing for plasma in order to minimize introduction of non-biological variance in miRNA profiles.
Anti-Neuronal IgG4 Autoimmune Diseases and IgG4-Related Diseases May Not Be Part of the Same Spectrum: A Comparative Study
Authors: Endmayr Verena , Tunc Cansu , Ergin Lara , De Rosa Anna , Weng Rosa , Wagner Lukas , Yu Thin-Yau , Fichtenbaum Andreas , Perkmann Thomas , Haslacher Helmuth , Kozakowski Nicolas , Schwaiger Carmen , Ricken Gerda , Hametner Simon , Klotz Sigrid , Dutra Lívia Almeida , Lechner Christian , de Simoni Désirée , Poppert Kai-Nicolas , Müller Georg Johannes , Pirker Susanne , Pirker Walter , Angelovski Aleksandra , Valach Matus , Maestri Michelangelo , Guida Melania , Ricciardi Roberta , Frommlet Florian , Sieghart Daniela , Pinter Miklos , Kircher Karl , Artacker Gottfried , Höftberger Romana , Koneczny Inga 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIgG4 is associated with two emerging groups of rare diseases: 1) IgG4 autoimmune diseases (IgG4-AID) and 2) IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RLD). Anti-neuronal IgG4-AID include MuSK myasthenia gravis, LGI1- and Caspr2-encephalitis and autoimmune nodo-/paranodopathies (CNTN1/Caspr1 or NF155 antibodies). IgG4-RLD is a multiorgan disease hallmarked by tissue-destructive fibrotic lesions with lymphocyte and IgG4 plasma cell infiltrates and increased serum IgG4 concentrations. It is unclear whether IgG4-AID and IgG4-RLD share relevant clinical and immunopathological features.MethodsWe collected and analyzed clinical, serological, and histopathological data in 50 patients with anti-neuronal IgG4-AID and 19 patients with IgG4-RLD.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of IgG4-RLD patients had serum IgG4 elevation when compared to IgG4-AID patients (52.63% vs. 16%,p= .004). Moreover, those IgG4-AID patients with elevated IgG4 did not meet the diagnostic criteria of IgG4-RLD, and their autoantibody titers did not correlate with their serum IgG4 concentrations. In addition, patients with IgG4-RLD were negative for anti-neuronal/neuromuscular autoantibodies and among these patients, men showed a significantly higher propensity for IgG4 elevation, when compared to women (p= .005). Last, a kidney biopsy from a patient with autoimmune paranodopathy due to CNTN1/Caspr1-complex IgG4 autoantibodies and concomitant nephrotic syndrome did not show fibrosis or IgG4+plasma cells, which are diagnostic hallmarks of IgG4-RLD.ConclusionOur observations suggest that anti-neuronal IgG4-AID and IgG4-RLD are most likely distinct disease entities.
Establishing a Prognostic Signature Based on Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition-Related Genes for Endometrial Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Jinhui , Cui Guoliang , Shen Shuning , Gao Feng , Zhu Hongjun , Xu Yinghua 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundsEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a sequential process where tumor cells develop from the epithelial state to the mesenchymal state. EMT contributes to various tumor functions including initiation, propagating potential, and resistance to therapy, thus affecting the survival time of patients. The aim of this research is to set up an EMT-related prognostic signature for endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsEMT-related gene (ERG) expression and clinical data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The entire set was randomly divided into two sets, one for contributing the risk model (risk score) and the other for validating. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to the training set to select the prognostic ERGs. The expression of 10 ERGs was confirmed by qRT-PCR in clinical samples. Then, we developed a nomogram predicting 1-/3-/5-year survival possibility combining the risk score and clinical factors. The entire set was stratified into the high- and low-risk groups, which was used to analyze the immune infiltrating, tumorigenesis pathways, and response to drugs.ResultsA total of 220 genes were screened out from 1,316 ERGs for their differential expression in tumor versus normal. Next, 10 genes were found to be associated with overall survival (OS) in EC, and the expression was validated by qRT-PCR using clinical samples, so we constructed a 10-ERG-based risk score to distinguish high-/low-risk patients and a nomogram to predict survival rate. The calibration plots proved the predictive value of our model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) discovered that in the low-risk group, immune-related pathways were enriched; in the high-risk group, tumorigenesis pathways were enriched. The low-risk group showed more immune activities, higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), and higher CTAL4/PD1 expression, which was in line with a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nevertheless, response to chemotherapeutic drugs turned out better in the high-risk group. The high-risk group had higher N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA expression, microsatellite instability level, and stemness indices.ConclusionWe constructed the ERG-related signature model to predict the prognosis of EC patients. What is more, it might offer a reference for predicting individualized response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs.