bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb between D614G, Delta and Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants in the hamster model
Authors: Bauer Lisa , Rissmann Melanie , Benavides Feline F. W. , Leijten Lonneke , Begeman Lineke , Kroeze Edwin Veldhuis , van Run Peter , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Rockx Barry , van Riel Debby 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with various neurological complications. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), whereat the olfactory bulb seems to be involved most frequently. Here we show differences in the neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence among SARS-CoV-2 variants in the hamster model five days post inoculation. Replication in the olfactory mucosa was observed in all hamsters, but most prominent in D614 inoculated hamsters. We observed neuroinvasion into the CNS via the olfactory nerve in D614G-, but not Delta (B.1.617.2)- or Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) inoculated hamsters. Neuroinvasion was associated with neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb of hamsters inoculated with D614G but hardly in Delta or Omicron BA.1. Altogether, this indicates that there are differences in the neuroinvasive and neurovirulent potential among SARS-CoV-2 variants in the acute phase of the infection in the hamster model.
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies as powerful tools for diagnostic and therapeutic applications
Authors: Schlör A. , Hirschberg S. , Ben Amor G. , Meister T.L. , Arora P. , Pöhlmann S. , Hoffmann M. , Pfaender S. , Kamal Eddin O. , Kamhieh-Milz J. , Hanack K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation caused by SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern such as B.1.617.2 (Delta) and recently, B.1.1.529 (Omicron) is posing multiple challenges to humanity. The rapid evolution of the virus requires adaptation of diagnostic and therapeutic applications.ObjectivesIn this study, we describe camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (hcAb) as useful for novel in vitro diagnostic assays and for therapeutic applications due to their neutralizing capacity.MethodsFive antibody candidates were selected out of a naïve camelid library by phage display and expressed as full-length IgG2 antibodies. The antibodies were characterized by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, surface plasmon resonance with regard to their specificity to the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and to SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles. Neutralization assays were performed with authentic SARS-CoV-2 and pseudotyped viruses (wildtype and Omicron).ResultsAll antibodies efficiently detect recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in different ELISA setups. The best combination was shown with hcAb B10 as catcher antibody and HRP-conjugated hcAb A7.2 as the detection antibody. Further, four out of five antibodies potently neutralized authentic wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and particles pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins of the wildtype and Omicron variant, sublineage BA.1 at concentrations between 0.1 and 0.35 ng/mL (ND50).ConclusionCollectively, we report novel camelid hcAbs suitable for diagnostics and potential therapy.Graphical Abstract
More structure or better social practices? Using a contingency lens to address ambidexterity gaps in innovative SMEs
Authors: Rojas-Córdova Carolina , Pertuze Julio A. , Williamson Amanda Jasmine , Leatherbee Michael 
Published: March 2022

PurposeEnvironmental uncertainty (EU) and firm size (FS) generate inertial forces that can push small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to emphasize either exploration or exploitation. In this article, the authors explore how structural (e.g. formal processes, control and discipline) and social (e.g. employee support and decision-making involvement) managerial instruments counteract such inertial forces and enable SME ambidexterity. Building on the organization-context literature, the authors propose a model in which EU and firms' size moderate the relationship between structural and social managerial instruments on SME ambidexterity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined a moderation model using surveys of chief executive officers (CEOs) and performance archival data from 237 Chilean SMEs.FindingsThe authors find that the positive effect of structure on SME ambidexterity decreases with FS. In contrast, social instruments have a positive effect on ambidexterity for larger firms, especially for those operating in uncertain environments. In cases in which EU and firms' size reinforce the exploration or exploitation tendencies of SMEs, structural and social instruments play a complementary role in achieving ambidexterity.Originality/valueThe authors contribute by proposing a contingent mix of structural and social instruments to enable SME ambidexterity. These results inform policymakers and SME managers by suggesting strategies to promote ambidexterity based on firms' size and EU.
Foreign direct investment inflows and energy diversification in emerging seven economies: evidence from a panel data analysis
Authors: Irfan Mohd , Ojha Raj Kumar 
Published: March 2022

PurposeHigher economic growth accompanied by rising energy demand poses severe challenges to the long-term environmental sustainability of E7 economies, including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey. Thus, this paper explores the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on energy diversification for E7 economies.Design/methodology/approachThe dataset is panel data for emerging seven (E7) economies, covering the period 1992–2017. The empirical investigation relies on econometric techniques: panel cointegration test and panel autoregressive distributed lag model.FindingsThe findings reveal that energy diversification and FDI inflows are cointegrated. In the long run, higher FDI inflows encourage energy diversification, but energy efficiency improvements discourage energy diversification. In the short run, the effects of FDI inflows on energy diversification vary across E7 economies, highlighting the role of country-specific factors in determining the short-run influence of FDI inflows on energy diversification.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggested that FDI policies should encourage the adoption of nonconventional energy resources to stimulate energy diversification in E7 economies. Besides, better coordination between energy diversification and energy efficiency policies is required in the long run for a successful transition towards low-carbon economy goals.Originality/valueThis study is a unique empirical exercise that uncovers a cointegrating relationship between energy diversification and FDI inflows for E7 economies. Moreover, the analysis provides homogenous long-run and heterogeneous (country-specific) short-run coefficient estimates for the effect of FDI inflows on energy diversification.
Anatomization of the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) for various machines in a tool and die shop
Authors: Raju Sagarika , Kamble Harsha Arun , Srinivasaiah Rashmi , Swamy Devappa Renuka 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to discover equipment losses and assess the accomplishment of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) values.Design/methodology/approachIndustries specialized in die shops often have issues regarding their efficiencies, conferring to statistics further production line department procedure for various machines frequently suffered restrictions owing to excessive downtime and speed losses in machines thus, reducing their effectiveness and efficiency. OEE is a means of determining how effective a piece of equipment is when in working condition. Calculation of OEE finds the heart of the issue and the root cause for the underlying problem.FindingsThe dimensional outcomes suggest that the average machine effectiveness has not attained the norm of >85%, but there is still room for progression.Originality/valueOne recommended procedure to reduce losses is to keep the actual pace of operation and downtime of equipment constant. Many such suggestions are provided to reduce the losses.
‘When it comes to relational trauma, you need people at the table’
Authors: Simons Aletta , Noordegraaf Martine , Van Regenmortel Tine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to the evaluation of online therapy during Covid‐19 pandemic lockdowns, by exploring family therapists’ experiences of therapy for twelve Sibling Sexual Abuse (SSA) families in the Netherlands. Seven transcripts of interviews with highly specialised Dutch family therapists were analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Two main findings emerged from this study. First, the Dutch therapists reported no acute worries about their clients’ sexual safety during the pandemic lockdowns. Nonetheless, the switch to online therapy for the SSA families created concern regarding victim safety in speaking out freely at home. Second, while the sudden switch to online therapy enabled SSA therapists to stay connected with their SSA families, therapists experienced a decline in therapy quality and in their own well‐being. In the therapists’ experience, it was almost impossible to conduct their most fundamental interventions online, such as intervening in family relationships.
Exploring class identification among Finnish party members
Authors: Tiihonen Aino , Koivula Aki , Saarinen Arttu , Sivonen Jukka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClass cleavage has been an important factor in forming the West‐European party systems, and class identification can still be considered one of the key types of social identity, especially among members of older parties. Nevertheless, previous research has ignored the importance of party members' class identifications. In this study, we hypothesise that party affiliation can form a context of social identity in which party members' class identification is also strengthened. By analysing unique survey data of 12,427 members of the six largest Finnish parties, we examine the extent to which party members' class identifications stem from their party affiliations and how the relationship is reinforced by their partisan identity. The results suggest that traditional class‐cleavage elements still appear within class identification among the members of older parties. Members of left‐wing parties identified with the working class, and conversely, upper‐class identification was more prominent among members of centre‐right parties. Among members of newer political parties, the class was less relevant compared to members of traditional class‐based parties. Furthermore, we found that working‐class identification was strongly related to the strength of partisan identity.
Dealing with complicity in fieldwork: Reflections on studying genetic research in Pakistan
Authors: Sheikh Zainab Afshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHealth‐related ethnography undertaken in a context marked by social inequalities and colonial legacies requires critical attention to power imbalances in the fieldwork. In this paper, I draw on my own experiences from studying genetic research in Pakistan. As a Danish‐born female researcher with roots in Pakistan, I have followed genetic researchers and families dealing with genetic conditions in Pakistan. Through examples I unearth how encounters in the field were shaped by complicities of being in‐between the Danish and the Pakistani, of studying and doing international research at the same time, and of my inaction towards suffering families. I base my analysis on the notion that complicity manifests in a generative, and unavoidable, engagement with both complex structures of inequality and interlocutors. We can never fully understand the specificities or consequences of complicity—whether moral or epistemic—when entering, engaging with or representing our fields. However, by staying constructively with the tensions, instead of attempting to move beyond the discomfort that they might create, we can learn how to deal with the consequences and in that, build further the value of ethnographic activity.
Temporality in the social sciences: New directions for a political sociology of time
Authors: Gokmenoglu Birgan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTime and temporality are common themes in the social sciences and sociology. The sociological literature on time remains solipsistically empirical, while theoretical elaborations are focused on modernity, capitalism, and technology, through notions of speed and acceleration. Although existing studies on time are imbued with political issues and processes, as the subfield that studies relations of power and politics, political sociology has yet to consolidate a temporal lexicon for studying structures of power and political phenomena. This review situates three recent books on time and politics within a broader sociological literature on time and calls for a political sociology of time. I argue that developing a conceptual apparatus that takes time as an element of power is fundamental to building dialogue across the empirical material and across disciplines. I conclude by offering three avenues for the development of a political sociology of time.
Behavioural drivers influencing emergency department attendance in Victoria during the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed methods investigation
Authors: Buntine Paul , Aldridge Emogene S , Craig Simon , Crellin Dianne , Stella Julian , Gill Stephen D , Wright Breanna , Mitchell Rob D , Arendts Glenn , Rawson Helen , Rojek Amanda M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify behavioural drivers and barriers that may have contributed to changes in ED attendance during the first 10 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Victoria.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods analysis of patients who attended one of eight participating EDs between 1 November 2019 and 31 December 2020. A random sample of patients were chosen after their visit and invited to participate in an online survey assessing behavioural drivers and barriers to attendance. The study timespan was divided into four periods based on local and world events to assess changes in attitudes and behaviours over this period.ResultsA total of 5600 patients were invited to complete the survey and 606 (11%) submitted sufficient information for analysis. There were significant differences in participants' attitudes towards healthcare and EDs, levels of concern about contracting and spreading COVID‐19 and the influence of mask wearing. Patients expressed more concern about the safety of an ED during the largest outbreak of COVID‐19 infections than they did pre‐COVID, but this difference was not sustained once community infection numbers dropped. General concerns about hospital attendance were higher after COVID than they were pre‐COVID. A total of 27% of patients specifically stated that they had delayed their ED attendance.ConclusionPatients expressed increased concerns around attending ED during the first 10 months of the 2020 COVID‐19 pandemic and frequently cited COVID‐19 as a reason for delaying their presentation. These factors would be amenable to mitigation via focussed public health messaging.
A phase II feasibility study of carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease (YLOG0114)
Authors: Sakashita Hiroyuki , Uchibori Ken , Jin Yasuto , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Honda Takayuki , Sakakibara Rie , Mitsumura Takahiro , Nukui Yoshihisa , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Masuo Masahiro , Suhara Kozo , Furusawa Haruhiko , Yamashita Takaaki , Ohba Takehiko , Saito Kazuhito , Takagiwa Jun , Miyashita Yoshihiro , Inase Naohiko , Miyazaki Yasunari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundA standard treatment regimen for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been established since most clinical trials exclude such patients because of the high risk of acute exacerbation of ILD. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel as a first‐line regimen for NSCLC patients with ILD.MethodsThe enrolled patients had treatment‐naïve advanced NSCLC with ILD. The patients received 4–6 cycles of carboplatin (area under the curve = 5) on day 1 and nab‐paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the completion rate of four or more cycles. Secondary endpoints included toxicity, overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsTwenty‐five patients were enrolled in this study. Nine patients had adenocarcinoma, 11 had squamous cell carcinoma, one had large cell carcinoma, and four had NSCLC, not otherwise specified. The completion rate of ≥4 cycles was 76% (95% confidence interval: 56.2%–88.8%), which met the primary endpoint. The ORR and DCR were 44% and 88%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 5.8 months and 15.8 months, respectively. Three patients experienced grade ≥2 pneumonitis, and one patient met the acute exacerbation criteria.ConclusionThe 4‐week modified regimen of carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel showed tolerable toxicity with favorable efficacy in NSCLC patients with ILD. This regimen may be an effective treatment option for patients in real clinical settings.
High‐dose preoperative glucocorticoid for prevention of emergence and postoperative delirium in liver resection: A double‐blinded randomized clinical trial substudy
Authors: Awada Hussein Nasser , Steinthorsdottir Kristin Julia , Schultz Nicolai A. , Hillingsø Jens G. , Larsen Peter Nørgaard , Jans Øivind , Kehlet Henrik , Aasvang Eske Kvanner 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmergence delirium (ED) and postoperative delirium (POD) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and occur in up to one‐third of patients undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery, where the underlying pathogenesis is multifactorial, including increased inflammation. We aimed to assess the effect of pre‐operative high‐ versus low‐dose glucocorticoid on the occurrence of ED and POD.MethodsThis was a substudy from a randomized, double‐blinded clinical trial. Patients ≥18 years, undergoing open liver resection were randomized 1:1 to high‐dose (HD, 10 mg/kg methylprednisolone) or low‐dose (LD, 8 mg dexamethasone) glucocorticoid and assessed for ED and POD for a maximum of 4 days during hospitalization. The 3‐min Diagnostic Interview for CAM‐defined delirium (3D‐CAM) was used for assessment, 15 and 90 min after arrival in the post‐anesthesia care unit (PACU), and subsequently once daily in the ward.ResultsFifty‐three patients were included in this secondary substudy (26 HD‐group and 27 LD‐group). ED occurred in n = 5 HD versus n = 6 LD patients 15 min after PACU arrival. At 90 min after PACU arrival, 4 patients had ED, all from LD‐group, and resulted in significantly longer PACU admission, 273 versus 178 min in ED versus Non‐ED patients. During the first 4 days in the ward, n = 5 patients had at least one occurrence of POD, all from LD‐group.ConclusionsThe primary finding of the current substudy was a lower occurrence of ED/POD in the PACU 90 min after arrival and during the first four postoperative days in patients receiving high‐dose glucocorticoid compared with patients receiving low‐dose glucocorticoid. The two study groups were not evenly balanced concerning known explanatory factors, i.e., age and size of surgery, which calls for larger studies to elucidate the matter.
Does undertaking rural placements add to place of origin as a predictor of where health graduates work?
Authors: Skinner Timothy C. , Semmens Libby , Versace Vincent , Bish Melanie , Skinner Isabelle K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the work location (metropolitan, regional, rural and remote) of graduates in nursing, allied health and oral health disciplines who complete their professional training, end‐to‐end training, in a regional or rural area noting the potential inclusion of a metropolitan‐based placement for speciality practice not available in rural or regional Victoria.MethodsWe tracked the place of employment from the Australian Health Practitioners Regulation Agency (AHPRA) of all graduates from a regional/rural tertiary education provider. The student home address at enrolment, locations where they undertook all placements and their current place of work were described using an objective geographical model of access, the Modified Monash Model.ResultsSeventy‐five per cent of 5506 graduates were located in the AHPRA database. About one third of graduates were working in metropolitan areas, 1/3 in regional cities and 1/3 in rural areas. Students' origin accounted for 1/3 of variance in current workplace location. The more placement days students completed in regional/ rural areas was also a significant predictor of working in a regional or rural area.ConclusionEnd‐to‐end training in regional/rural areas is an effective approach to retaining a regional/rural workforce. Student origin is a strong predictor of working rural or regionally, as is undertaking placements in rural areas. This suggests that priority for rural/ regional student placements should be given to students in end‐to‐end regional/ rural programs and students from a regional/ rural background.
Ocular surface health of the Finnish elderly population
Authors: Aapola Ulla , Nättinen Janika , Suurkuukka Ilona , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Saramies Jouko , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical ocular surface characteristics in a population‐based sample of Finnish elderly people.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 601 subjects (335 females, 266 males) born between the years 1933–1956 and living in Savitaipale, Finland. Ocular surface health was evaluated using a comprehensive set of diagnostic tests. Previous dry eye (DE) diagnosis and history of drug treatment of DE were also recorded. Differences between sexes were estimated with Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher's exact test.ResultsOverall, 10% and 33% of people displayed signs of DE and ocular surface disease (OSD), respectively, and 30% had been previously diagnosed with DE and 36% used some form of drugs for DE. Men displayed more severe signs of meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharitis and conjunctival redness (p < 0.001), while women had higher scores in corneal staining (p = 0.005) and OSD Index (p < 0.001).ConclusionSigns of OSD and DE are common among the Finnish elderly population. However, the diagnosis is affected by the diagnostic criteria used and significant differences exist between sexes. Although women were more frequently diagnosed with DE and OSD and experienced more ocular surface irritation, men had more often lid and meibomian gland‐related issues. The current diagnostic criteria of DE pose a risk of misclassifying men, who commonly display less severe symptoms in comparison with women yet exhibit more severe clinical signs associated especially with the lid margin.