bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A highly selective Hg2+ fluorescent chemosensor based on photochromic diarylethene with quinoline unit
Authors: Mao Liangtao , Li Xiumei , Ding Haichang , Fan Congbin , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel diarylethene-based fluorescent chemosensor containing a quinoline unit (1o) had been designed and synthesized. 1o display good photochromic ability and fluorescent switch property by alternately irradiating UV/vis light. The chemosensor showed high “Turn-off” fluorescent selectivity for Hg2+ by competitive tests of the fluorescence reaction in the presence other ions in acetonitrile solution. The stoichiometry between the compound 1o and Hg2+ was 1:1 by Job’s plot curve and HRMS analysis. In addition, the LOD for Hg2+ was calculated as 60 nM. The fluorescence emission can be back to the “Turn-on” state by adding EDTA. Based on these facts, a molecular logic gate that including four input signals (UV/vis and Hg2+/EDTA) and one output signal (fluorescent intensity at 491 nm) was designed.
Investigation for Enhancement of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural extraction into 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid: an Ab initio study
Authors: Jalalinejad Amir , Ghorbannezhad Payam , Dehbandi Behnam , Ali Imtiaz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is recognized as a valuable product of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derived from cellulosic materials that could find future bioplastic application if a feasible separation process is developed. To find a commercially available solvent that can selectivity separate FDCA and HMF as well as the downstream process was supported by Py-GC-MS experiments with density functional theory (DFT). Evaluation of the sigma potential and sigma surface analysis showed that benzene and ethyl acetate have better extraction and selectivity of HMF, whereas FDCA indicated ideal behavior in DMF and DMSO solvents, where the hydrophobicity is changed by improving the hydrogen-bonding interaction between them. The up-down selection of classes of solvents based on the experimental data found by GC-MS revealed that polar molecular solvents (ethanol-water) are more compatible with carboxylic acids and alcohol compounds, while n-hexane is a desirable solvent for phenolic compounds. It is discovered that levoglucosan retains a significant fraction of water compared to other solvents that need to be considered for further economic and environmental analyses under the multifaceted framework of biomass-derived products.
Experiences and Satisfaction of Patients in Communicating with Care Providers: The Case of Afaan Oromoo Speaker Patients at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Gadisa Lalisa M , Belete Yibeltal Siraneh , Demshasha Sifessa D , Nuramo Biniam Gintamo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Miscommunication between patient and care provider in health service setting puts great pressure on patient satisfaction even up to life threatening especially for official language minority group. However Oromoo people is largest ethnic group in Ethiopia, there is no study conducted pertaining experiences and satisfaction of Afaan Oromoo Speaking Patients in Saint Pauls’ Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC).Objective: Objective of this study was to explore experiences and satisfaction of Afaan Oromo speaking patients in communicating with care providers in the SPHMMC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods and Materials: A phenomenological qualitative study design was employed. To select Afaan Oromoo speaking patients from each departments of SPHMMC, purposive non-probability sampling technique was used. Data collection instrument for this study was in-depth interview, observation and Focus Group Discussion. Before data analysis and interpretation, collected data was transcribed, translated, coded and managed to simplify for analysis by computer assisted software open-code version-4. The raw data was handled carefully from loosing of valuable data using computer password. After core meaning of collected data was identified and explained using method of thematic content analysis, final report/finding was written.Result: Experiences AOSPs in communicating with care providers showed indicated, most of health care providers were not used translator and to handle the problem they use non-verbal communication. Misunderstanding of patient condition, difficulty to record accurate patient assessment, misunderstanding of Afaan Oromoo word which caused for diagnosis of seemed diagnosis were observed from patient phenomena. Six themes which were taken from patient experience indicated dissatisfaction to health service and are: Service delay, mistrust b/n care providers and patients, loss of confidence and loss of self-esteem among patients, exposing to unnecessary expenditure, and communication gap in service provision. Conclusion & recommendation: Experiences of AOSPs in communicating with health care providers clearly indicated their dissatisfaction to health service. Thus, SPHMMC, FMoH and RHBO have been recommended to establish LAS, professional interpreters, and to function corporately with concerned stakeholders.
Prevalence and Determinants of Non-daily Smoking Among Iranian University Students: A Web-based Survey
Authors: Shekari Farhad , Mohammadpoorasl Asghar , Nadrian Haidar , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Akbari Hossein 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Compared to non-smokers, non-daily smokers (NDS) experience a higher level of health risks associated to smoking. However, the most of them do not consider themselves as smokers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of NDS and its predictors among students. Methods: This web-based study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran, from July to August, 2019. In total, 3666 students were randomly selected from all universities in Tabriz in proportion to the number of students in each university. Data were collected applying an online questionnaire. NDS predictors were assessed using logistic regression model. Results: A total of 15.7% and 7.8% of the students were daily and NDS, respectively. Compared to the non-smokers, the NDSs were more likely to present high-risk behaviors such as substance abuse (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.96, Confidence Interval (CI) 95%: 2.12-4.13), alcohol consumption (OR = 2.54, CI 95%: 1.78-3.62), and experience of hookah smoking (OR = 9.30, CI 95%: 6.06-14.25) and its regular use (OR = 24.22, CI 95%: 14.86-39.46). The predictors of NDS were female gender (OR = 6.25, CI 95%: 4.57-10.14), denying of being a smoker (OR = 11.69, CI 95%: 6.86-19.91), not being addicted to nicotine (OR = 10.02, CI 95%: 4.21-23.85), and with no effort to quit smoking in the recent months (OR = 2.27, CI 95%: 1.28-4.04). Conclusion: NDSs, due to their characteristics such as not considering themselves as smokers, lack of intention to quit smoking, and showing high-risk behaviors, should be paid attention by health policy makers while planning smoking cessation programs.
Copy-number Analysis by Base-level Normalization (CABANA): An Intuitive Visualization Tool for Confirming True Copy Number Variations
Authors: Kim Hongkyung , Shim Yeeun , Lee Taek Gyu , Won Dongju , Choi Jong Rak , Shin Saeam , Lee Seung-Tae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) facilitates comprehensive molecular analyses, allowing accurate diagnosis of unsolved disorders. In addition to detecting single-nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions, bioinformatics tools can identify copy number variations (CNVs) in NGS data, which improves the diagnostic yield. However, due to the possibility of false positives, subsequent confirmation tests are generally performed. Here, we introduce Copy-number Analysis by BAse-level NormAlization (CABANA), a computational tool that can intuitively visualize true CNVs using the normalized single-base-level read depth calculated from NGS data. To demonstrate how CABANA works, NGS data were obtained from 474 patients with neuromuscular disorders. CNVs were screened using a conventional bioinformatics tool, ExomeDepth, and then we normalized and visualized those data at the single-base level using CABANA, followed by manual inspection by geneticists to exclude false-positives. In this way, we identified 31 true-positive CNVs (7%) in 474 patients and subsequently confirmed all of them to be true using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The performance of CABANA was deemed acceptable by comparing its diagnostic yield with previous data about neuromuscular disorders. Despite some limitations, we expect CABANA to help researchers accurately identify CNVs and reduce the need for subsequent confirmation testing.
Expression of pepsinogen A (PGA/PG I) in breast cancer and non-cancer tissues and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer
Authors: Lu Xiaodong , Zhai Qixi , Chen Jing , Li Yizhi , Yuan Yuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

Human pepsinogens (PGs) are inactive pro-enzymes for the specific digestive enzyme--pepsin originating from the gastric mucosa, Pepsinogens A (PGA) is one of pepsinogens family members. In the past, relevant studies in PGA mainly focused on gastric diseases, but there were few reports outside the stomach. Further understanding of the relationship between PGA and extra-gastric diseases, especially cancer, is helpful to fully understand the role and function of PGA.
Methods

Total of 362 patients with different breast disease after surgery were registered in the study. Immunohistochemical staining was used for PGA expression. GEO, and a series of software packages based on R language were used for further validation as well as function analysis of PGA in breast cancer.
Results

There were significant statistical differences of PGA expression between breast cancer and non-cancer tissues including different benign breast diseases. The results of correlation between PGA expression and clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer showed that there was no significant correlation between PGA expression and general clinicopathological parameters except molecular classification of breast cancer. Analysis with GEO showed that higher PGA expression may indicate a poor prognosis of breast cancer. GO and KEGG analysis showed that PGA may be involved in PPAR signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway regulation mechanisms.
Conclusions

The expression of PGA in breast cancer was significantly higher than that of non-cancer tissues, and it was related to molecular classification of breast cancer. the prognosis of patients with higher PGA mRNA expression was poorer. PGA may function through interactions with PPAR signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway in breast cancer.
FGW1, a protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains, regulates grain size and filling in Oryza sativa L.
Authors: Xianchun Sang , He Peilong , Wang Xiaowen , Chen Hongyan , Ni Jile , Tian Weijiang , Li Yangyang , Zhang Xiaobo , Cui Zhibo , he Guanghua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Grain filling is a crucial trait that influences grain size and quality in cereal crops. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate endosperm development remain elusive. In this study, we characterize a filling-defective and grain width mutant fgw1, which increased rice seed width mainly by influencing cell division and expansion in the glumes. Sucrose contents were higher, whereas starch contents were lower, in the fgw1 mutant during the grain-filling stage, which resulted in inferior endosperm of opaque, white appearance with loosely packed starch granules. Map-based cloning revealed that FGW1 encoded a protein containing DUF630/DUF632 domains, localized in the plasma membrane with preferential expression in the panicle. RNA interference of FGW1 resulted in increased grain width and weight, whereas overexpression of FGW1 led to a slightly narrower grain with better grain quality. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that FGW1 can directly interact with the 14-3-3 protein GF14f, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation verified that the site of interaction was the membrane, and the mutated FGW1 protein failed to interact with GF14f. The expression of GF14f was down-regulated in fgw1, and the activities of AGPase, StSase and SuSase in the endosperm of fgw1 increased significantly just as those of reported GF14f-RNAi. Transcriptome analysis indicated that FGW1 also regulates cellular processes and carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, this study showed that FGW1 regulated grain formation by the GF14f pathway.
Mitochondrial damage activates the NLRP10 inflammasome
Authors: Latz Eicke , Próchnicki Tomasz , Vasconcelos Matilde B. , Mangan Matthew , Robinson Kim , Rösing Sarah , Duthie Fraser , Standke Lena , Kaiser Romina , Rothe Maximilian , Wachten Dagmar , Günther Claudia , Kufer Thomas , Zhong Franklin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Upon detecting pathogens or cell stress, several NOD-like receptors (NLRs) form inflammasome complexes with the adaptor ASC and caspase-1, inducing activation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-dependent cell death. The triggers and activation mechanisms of several inflammasome-forming sensors remain poorly understood. Here, we found that mitochondrial damage activates the NLRP10 inflammasome, leading to ASC speck formation and caspase-1-dependent cytokine release. Unlike AIM2, NLRP10 monitors mitochondrial integrity in a mitochondrial DNA-independent manner, suggesting the detection of distinct molecular entities displayed by the damaged organelles. NLRP10 is highly expressed in differentiated human keratinocytes, where it also senses mitochondrial damage. Our study reveals a novel inflammasome that surveils mitochondrial integrity, which could lead to further understanding of inflammatory diseases.
Maternal Supplementation With a Casein Hydrolysate and Yeast Beta-glucan From Late Gestation Through Lactation Improves Gastrointestinal Health of Piglets at Weaning
Authors: Dowley Alison , O’Doherty John V. , Mukhopadhya Anindya , Conway Eadaoin , Vigors Stafford , Maher Shane , Ryan Marion T. , Sweeney Torres 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Improving maternal nutrition during pregnancy/lactation is a promising strategy to maximise the intestinal health of piglets undergoing abrupt weaning under commercial production conditions. This experiment investigated the effects of maternal supplementation of a casein hydrolysate and yeast β-glucan (CH-YBG) from d83 of gestation until weaning (d28) on sow faecal microbial populations and measures of piglet gastrointestinal health parameters at weaning. Sows (n = 10 sows/group) were assigned to: 1) control diet, and 2) control diet + CH-YBG. Maternal supplementation increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, including members Lactobacillus and Christensella in the sows faeces, with a concomitant increase in the caecal and colonic abundance of Lactobacillus and caecal abundance of Christensella in the weaned piglets compared to the controls. Piglets weaned from the supplemented sows had increased villus height in the duodenum (P < 0·05) and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum, as well as a decreased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine genes (IL6/TNF/TGFB), the tight junction gene CLDN3 and the mucin gene MUC2 in the duodenum/jejunum compared to the controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal CH-YBG supplementation during pregnancy/lactation improved microbial, structural, and inflammatory measures of gastrointestinal health of piglets at weaning. This is a promising strategy to alleviate the challenges that occur with early abrupt weaning in commercial pig production.
Three-Dimensional CT Mapping and Anatomy for the Avulsion Fracture of the Fifth Metatarsal Base
Authors: He Wenbao , Zhou Haichao , Zhang Yingqi , Yu Tao , Xia Jiang , Zhao Youguang , Yang Yunfeng , Li Bing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: To clarify the injury mechanism of the avulsion fracture of the fifth metatarsal combining 3-dimensional (3D) fracture mapping with anatomical measurements. Materials and Methods: 222 patients with the fifth metatarsal base avulsion fractures, who were admitted to our hospital from August 2015 to August 2020. The 3D images of all mapped fracture lines for the fifth metatarsal base avulsion fractures were compiled in an overall 3D image. The fifth metatarsal base of 8 unpaired lower limbs of adult Asian frozen cadaveric specimens were also dissected to observe and measure the specific locations of the attachment points of the peroneus brevis, lateral band of the plantar fascia, and peroneus tertius to the fifth metatarsal base. Results: Based on the type of fracture line produced and the specific locations of the attachment points of the tendons, the fifth metatarsal base avulsion fractures can be classified into three types: type I predominantly involves the action of the lateral band of the plantar fascia; type II predominantly involves the action of the peroneus brevis; type IIIA involves the joint action of the peroneus brevis and lateral band of the plantar fascia with one fracture line; type IIIB involves the joint action of the peroneus brevis and lateral band of the plantar fascia with two fracture lines. Conclusion: The lateral band of the plantar fascia and peroneus brevis play a major role in the fifth metatarsal base avulsion fracture together or separately and proposed a novel classification based on the injury mechanism, which can serve as a reference for clinical treatment and diagnosis.Level of Evidence: Level Ⅲ, retrospective case series.
Impact of COVID-19 Among People Who Use Drugs: A Qualitative Study With Harm Reduction Workers and People Who Use Drugs
Authors: Conway Fiona N. , Samora Jake , Brinkley Katlyn , Jeong Haelim , Clinton Nina , Claborn Kasey R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Fatal drug overdoses in the United States hit historical records during the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, people who used drugs had greater odds of contracting COVID-19, increased drug use due to COVID-related stress, and heightened levels of anxiety and depression. This exploratory qualitative study examined the specific ways the pandemic negatively impacted people who use drugs. Methods:Qualitative interviews with 24 people who use drugs and 20 substance use harm reduction workers were conducted. Data from the qualitative interviews were analyzed using applied thematic analysis to identify emergent themes based on the a priori research goals. Results:Thematic analysis identified several common experiences during the pandemic among people who use drugs. These included mental distress due to financial strain and social isolation; increased drug use; increased risky drug-seeking and use behaviors due to changes in the drug markets; and reduced access to harm reduction, treatment, and recovery support services.Conclusions:Our study highlighted critical systemic failures that contributed to the rise in overdose deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing these challenges through policy reform and improved funding models will ensure the sustainability of harm reduction services and increase access to substance use treatment among highly vulnerable people who use drugs.
Minimally invasive plating of midshaft clavicle fractures with distal clavicle anatomic locking plate
Authors: Liu Qing , Dong Wenwei , Mao Haijiao , Yao Liwei , Wu Zeting 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive plating has been widely applied to treat long bone shaft fractures. But it was rarely used in clavicle fractures because of the technical difficulties of closed reduction and fixation. We report our improved techniques of minimally invasive treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures using distal clavicle anatomic locking plate and compare its result with that of open reduction and internal fixation.Materials and methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed in our institution from Jan 2019 to May 2020. Patients with acute midshaft clavicle fractures that were treated with minimally invasive technique or open reduction and internal fixation using distal clavicle anatomic locking plate were included. According to the included and excluded criteria, a total of 58 patients were included and divided into two groups based on the operation technique. We compared the two groups in surgical duration, fracture reduction, time for union, Constant-Murley score, cosmetic result and other complications.Results: There was no signiﬁcant difference in quality of reduction between the two groups. The mean surgical duration in minimally invasive group was longer than that in open group (59.5±8.9 min vs. 52.2±7.2 min, P< 0.05). The mean incision length in minimally invasive group was shorter than that in open group (2.1±0.5 cm vs. 11.6±2.0 cm, P< 0.05). In minimally invasive group the mean union time was 3.3±1.1months, no patient complained of paresthesia on subclavicular region, and all patients were satisfied with the cosmesis of the wounds and showed excellent shoulder joint function with a mean Constant-Murley score of 93.8±3.8 at sixth month after the operation. In open reduction group the mean union time was 4.3±0.8months, 8 patients complained of paresthesia on subclavicular region, and only 5 patients were satisfied with the cosmesis of the wounds with a mean Constant-Murley score of 90.6±4.0 at sixth month after the operation. There was a significant difference in statistic by comparing union time, cosmetic result, Constant-Murley score and other complications (P＜0.05).Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery using distal clavicle anatomic locking plate seems to be a good option for the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures with satisfactory cosmetic result and excellent return to function.