bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MILITARY HEALTH WISHES IN THE GREEK LETTERS OF CAESAR AND OCTAVIAN
Authors: Haddad Christopher J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article examines and contextualizes a health wish formula found at the opening of eight Roman official letters inscribed in Greek, one of Caesar and seven of Octavian. In each letter the sender mentions that he is well ‘with the army’ (μετὰ τοῦ στρατεύματος), hence the term ‘military’ health wish. The health wish was borrowed from Latin letters into Roman letters written in Greek by means of phraseological imitation. The formulation employs appropriate Koine Greek. It was optional during the Republic for the wish to be used in letters either from or to a Roman holding imperium and commanding an army. Because Caesar and Octavian were in such positions, their use of the wish is conventional. The use of this health wish demonstrates that epistolographers working for Caesar and Octavian not only drafted letters that met the conventions of Hellenistic chanceries but also were proficient enough in the medium to incorporate Roman elements with effectiveness. Attestations of the military health wish declined during the Imperial period. The requirement that the sender or the recipient hold imperium would have restricted usage during the Republic but even more so under the Empire through administrative changes to the command of armies and the increasing centrality of the princeps.
On the identity of the genusEpacrolaimusAndrássy, 2000 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida), with new insights into its phylogeny
Authors: Peña-Santiago R. , Castillo P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe type species of the genusEpacrolaimus,Epacrolaimus declinatoaculeatus, is studied from the re-examination of type material ofAporcelaimus vorax, its junior synonym, and the observation of several Iberian populations and a few Iranian specimens. Morphologically, it displays a recognizable morphological pattern characterized by, among other features, the incurved nature of its odontostyle aperture, presence of perioral liplets or lobes, lip region 24–31 μm wide, odontostyle 21–25 μm long and comparatively anterior location of S2N pharyngeal gland nuclei. Nevertheless, variations in some morphological traits (vagina shape and tail shape) and in several morphometrics (body length, uterus length, vulva position, tail length and spicule length) are also noted. Sequences of D2–D3 domains of the 28S rDNA, 18S rDNA and COI mtDNA were obtained from several Iberian populations. Their analyses, in particular those from D2–D3 sequences, revealed the existence of a highly supported clade ((Epacrolaimus+Sectonema) +Metaporcelaimus), with a closer relationship betweenEpacrolaimusand Palaearctic populations ofSectonema, whereas the remaining aporcelaimid genera occupied placements in other clades. These results are discussed, with especial emphasis on the intricate separation ofEpacrolaimusandSectonema, which display significantly different protruding stomatal structure in spite of their close evolutionary relationship as derived from molecular trees.
Neurological and psychiatric disorders among autistic adults: a population healthcare record study
Authors: Underwood Jack F. G. , DelPozo-Banos Marcos , Frizzati Aura , Rai Dheeraj , John Ann , Hall Jeremy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundCo-occurring psychiatric disorders are common in autism, with previous studies suggesting 54–94% of autistic individuals develop a mental health condition in their lifetime. Most studies have looked at clinically-recruited cohorts, or paediatric cohorts followed into adulthood, with less known about the autistic community at a population level. We therefore studied the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and neurological conditions in autistic individuals in a national sample.MethodsThis retrospective case-control study utilised the SAIL Databank to examine anonymised whole population electronic health record data from 2001 to 2016 in Wales, UK (N = 3.6 million). We investigated the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and selected neurological diagnoses in autistic adults' records during the study period using International Classification of Diseases-10 and Read v2 clinical codes compared to general population controls matched for age, sex and deprivationResultsAll psychiatric conditions examined were more common amongst adults with autism after adjusting for age, sex and deprivation. Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (7.00%), bipolar disorder (2.50%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (3.02%), psychosis (18.30%) and schizophrenia (5.20%) were markedly elevated in those with autism, with corresponding odds ratios 8.24–10.74 times the general population. Depression (25.90%) and anxiety (22.40%) were also more prevalent, with epilepsy 9.21 times more common in autism.ConclusionsWe found that a range of psychiatric conditions were more frequently recorded in autistic individuals. We add to understanding of under-reporting and diagnostic overshadowing in autism. With increasing awareness of autism, services should be cognisant of the psychiatric conditions that frequently co-occur in this population.
The forgotten dimension of integrated care: barriers to implementing integrated clinical care in English NHS hospitals
Authors: Castelli Michele , Erskine Jonathan , Hunter David , Hungin Amritpal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultimorbid patients who enter English NHS hospitals are frequently subject to care pathways designed to assess, diagnose and treat single medical conditions. Opportunities are thereby lost to offer patients more holistic, person-centred care. Hospital organisations elsewhere are known to use in-hospital, multi-specialty, integrated clinical care (ICC) to overcome this problem. This perspective piece aims to critically discuss barriers to implementing this form of ICC in the English NHS focusing on six key areas: information technologies, the primary–secondary care interface, internal hospital processes, finance, workload, professional roles and behaviours. Integrated care programmes currently underway are largely focused on macro (system) and meso (organisational) levels. A micro (clinical) level ICC, offering highly coordinated multispecialty expertise to multimorbid hospital patients could fill an important gap in the current care pathways.
Russia as a great power: from 1815 to the present day Part 1
Authors: Ellman Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article is Part 1 of a survey of Russia's position as one of the great powers and how it has evolved from 1815 to the present day. It begins with the situation in 1815 and the path to it, and devotes attention to important Russian institutions then, soldiers' cooperatives, autocracy and serfdom. The subsequent wars and their consequences are discussed. The end of the Empire, the creation of the USSR and Soviet institutions are considered. Consideration is also given to the relative economic position of Russia/USSR and its changes over time. Attention is paid to the economic policies of Witte and Stalin. Explanatory theories used include List's economic recommendations for medium-developed countries, the institutional theories of Acemoglu, North and others, Modelski's evolutionary analysis of global politics and Tilly's analysis of the war–state relationship. Part 1 ends on the eve of the Great Patriotic War (1941).
High-fat diet during pregnancy lowers fetal weight and has a long-lasting adverse effect on brown adipose tissue in the offspring
Authors: Yamaguchi Mihoko , Mori Jun , Nishida Nozomi , Miyagaki Satoshi , Kawabe Yasuhiro , Ota Takeshi , Morimoto Hidechika , Tsuma Yusuke , Fukuhara Shota , Ogata Takehiro , Okamaura Takuro , Nakanishi Naoko , Hamaguchi Masahide , Nakajima Hisakazu , Fukui Michiaki , Iehara Tomoko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaternal obesity and malnutrition during gestation and lactation have been recognized to increase the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders in the offspring across their lifespan. However, the gestational period during which malnutrition exerts a decisive effect is unclear. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a critical role in energy metabolism owing to its high efficiency in oxidizing glucose and fatty acids. This study aimed to determine the impact of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption only during pregnancy on BAT and energy metabolism in offspring mice. Dams were fed an HFD or a normal chow diet from embryonic day 2.5. HFD consumption during pregnancy induced glucose intolerance and hypertension in dams. In the offspring of HFD-fed dams, maternal HFD lowered fetal weight without affecting placental weight, whereas HFD consumption after birth exacerbated oxygen consumption and cold-induced thermogenesis at 12 months of age, accompanied by increased lipid droplet size in BAT. These data demonstrate that HFD consumption only during pregnancy exerts a long-lasting effect on BAT. Collectively, these findings indicate the importance of nutrition during pregnancy with respect to the energy metabolism of the offspring, and pregnant women should thus ensure proper nutrition during pregnancy to ensure normal energy metabolism in the offspring.
Linking Earthquake Magnitude‐Frequency Statistics and Stress in Visco‐Frictional Fault Zone Models
Authors: Beall Adam , van den Ende Martijn , Ampuero Jean‐Paul , Capitanio Fabio A. , Fagereng Åke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ability to estimate the likelihood of given earthquake magnitudes is critical for seismic hazard assessment. Earthquake magnitude‐recurrence statistics are empirically linked to stress, yet which fault‐zone processes explain this link remains debated. We use numerical models to reproduce the interplay between viscous creep and frictional sliding of a fault‐zone, for which inter‐seismic locking becomes linked to stress. The models reproduce the empirical stress‐dependent earthquake magnitude distribution observed in nature. Stress is related to the likelihood a fault section is near frictional failure, influencing likely rupture lengths. An analytical model is derived of a fault consisting of identical patches, each with a probability of inter‐seismic locking. It reproduces a similar magnitude‐recurrence relationship, which may therefore be caused by probabilistic clustering of locked fault patches. Contrasts in earthquake statistics between regions could therefore be explained by stress variation, which has future potential to further constrain statistical models of regional seismicity.
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of midbrain blood-brain barrier cells in schizophrenia reveals subtle transcriptional changes with overall preservation of cellular proportions and phenotypes
Authors: Puvogel Sofía , Alsema Astrid , Kracht Laura , Webster Maree J. , Weickert Cynthia Shannon , Sommer Iris E. C. , Eggen Bart J. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe midbrain is an extensively studied brain region in schizophrenia, in view of its reported dopamine pathophysiology and neuroimmune changes associated with this disease. Besides the dopaminergic system, the midbrain contains other cell types that may be involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. The neurovascular hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates that both the neurovasculature structure and the functioning of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are compromised in schizophrenia. In the present study, potential alteration in the BBB of patients with schizophrenia was investigated by single-nucleus RNA sequencing of post-mortem midbrain tissue (15 schizophrenia cases and 14 matched controls). We did not identify changes in the relative abundance of the major BBB cell types, nor in the sub-populations, associated with schizophrenia. However, we identified 14 differentially expressed genes in the cells of the BBB in schizophrenia as compared to controls, including genes that have previously been related to schizophrenia, such as FOXP2 and PDE4D. These transcriptional changes were limited to the ependymal cells and pericytes, suggesting that the cells of the BBB are not broadly affected in schizophrenia.
Histone chaperone ASF1A accelerates chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis by activating Notch signaling
Authors: Yin Xiaolin , Zhou Minran , Zhang Lu , Fu Yue , Xu Man , Wang Xiaoming , Cui Zelong , Gao Zhenxing , Li Miao , Dong Yuting , Feng Huimin , Ma Sai , Chen Chunyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe blast crisis (BC) is the final deadly phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which remains a major challenge in clinical management. However, the underlying molecular mechanism driving blastic transformation remains unclear. Here, we show that ASF1A, an essential activator, enhanced the transformation to CML-BC by mediating cell differentiation arrest. ASF1A expression was aberrantly increased in bone marrow samples from CML-BC patients compared with newly diagnosed CML-chronic phase (CP) patients. ASF1A inhibited cell differentiation and promoted CML development in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified ASF1A as a coactivator of the Notch transcriptional complex that induces H3K56ac modification in the promoter regions of Notch target genes, and subsequently enhanced RBPJ binding to these promoter regions, thereby enhancing Notch signaling activation to mediate differentiation arrest in CML cells. Thus, our work suggests that targeting ASF1A might represent a promising therapeutic approach and a biomarker to detect disease progression in CML patients.
Live and let die: signaling AKTivation and UPRegulation dynamics in SARS-CoVs infection and cancer
Authors: Suaya Mariana , Sánchez Gonzalo Manuel , Vila Antonella , Amante Analía , Cotarelo María , García Carrillo Mercedes , Blaustein Matías 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Of particular interest for this topic are the signaling cascades that regulate cell survival and death, two opposite cell programs whose control is hijacked by viral infections. The AKT and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathways, which maintain cell homeostasis by regulating these two programs, have been shown to be deregulated during SARS-CoVs infection as well as in the development of cancer, one of the most important comorbidities in relation to COVID-19. Recent evidence revealed two way crosstalk mechanisms between the AKT and the UPR pathways, suggesting that they might constitute a unified homeostatic control system. Here, we review the role of the AKT and UPR pathways and their interaction in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as in tumor onset and progression. Feedback regulation between AKT and UPR pathways emerges as a master control mechanism of cell decision making in terms of survival or death and therefore represents a key potential target for developing treatments for both viral infection and cancer. In particular, drug repositioning, the investigation of existing drugs for new therapeutic purposes, could significantly reduce time and costs compared to de novo drug discovery.
DHRS2 inhibits cell growth and metastasis in ovarian cancer by downregulation of CHKα to disrupt choline metabolism
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Tan Yue , Li Xiang , Quan Jing , Bode Ann M. , Cao Ya , Luo Xiangjian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily has essential roles in lipid metabolism and redox sensing. In recent years, accumulating evidence highlights the emerging association between SDR family enzymes and cancer. Dehydrogenase/reductase member 2(DHRS2) belongs to the NADH/NADPH-dependent SDR family, and extensively participates in the regulation of the proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism has not been well defined. In the present study, we have demonstrated that DHRS2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer (OC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the combination of transcriptome and metabolome reveals an interruption of choline metabolism by DHRS2. DHRS2 post-transcriptionally downregulates choline kinase α (CHKα) to inhibit AKT signaling activation and reduce phosphorylcholine (PC)/glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) ratio, impeding choline metabolism reprogramming in OC. These actions mainly account for the tumor-suppressive role of DHRS2 in OC. Overall, our findings establish the mechanistic connection among metabolic enzymes, metabolites, and the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. This could result in further development of novel pharmacological tools against OC by the induction of DHRS2 to disrupt the choline metabolic pathway.
Multiscale profiling of protease activity in cancer
Authors: Amini Ava P. , Kirkpatrick Jesse D. , Wang Cathy S. , Jaeger Alex M. , Su Susan , Naranjo Santiago , Zhong Qian , Cabana Christina M. , Jacks Tyler , Bhatia Sangeeta N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiverse processes in cancer are mediated by enzymes, which most proximally exert their function through their activity. High-fidelity methods to profile enzyme activity are therefore critical to understanding and targeting the pathological roles of enzymes in cancer. Here, we present an integrated set of methods for measuring specific protease activities across scales, and deploy these methods to study treatment response in an autochthonous model of Alk-mutant lung cancer. We leverage multiplexed nanosensors and machine learning to analyze in vivo protease activity dynamics in lung cancer, identifying significant dysregulation that includes enhanced cleavage of a peptide, S1, which rapidly returns to healthy levels with targeted therapy. Through direct on-tissue localization of protease activity, we pinpoint S1 cleavage to the tumor vasculature. To link protease activity to cellular function, we design a high-throughput method to isolate and characterize proteolytically active cells, uncovering a pro-angiogenic phenotype in S1-cleaving cells. These methods provide a framework for functional, multiscale characterization of protease dysregulation in cancer.
Inhibiting weld cracking in high-strength aluminium alloys
Authors: Hu Yanan , Wu Shengchuan , Guo Yi , Shen Zhao , Korsunsky Alexander M. , Yu Yukuang , Zhang Xu , Fu Yanan , Che Zhigang , Xiao Tiqiao , Lozano-Perez Sergio , Yuan Qingxi , Zhong Xiangli , Zeng Xiaoqin , Kang Guozheng , Withers Philip J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCracking from a fine equiaxed zone (FQZ), often just tens of microns across, plagues the welding of 7000 series aluminum alloys. Using a multiscale correlative methodology, from the millimeter scale to the nanoscale, we shed light on the strengthening mechanisms and the resulting intergranular failure at the FQZ. We show that intergranular AlCuMg phases give rise to cracking by micro-void nucleation and subsequent link-up due to the plastic incompatibility between the hard phases and soft (low precipitate density) grain interiors in the FQZ. To mitigate this, we propose a hybrid welding strategy exploiting laser beam oscillation and a pulsed magnetic field. This achieves a wavy and interrupted FQZ along with a higher precipitate density, thereby considerably increasing tensile strength over conventionally hybrid welded butt joints, and even friction stir welds.
Ptn–Ov synergistic sites on MoOx/γ-Mo2N heterostructure for low-temperature reverse water–gas shift reaction
Authors: Liu Hao-Xin , Li Jin-Ying , Qin Xuetao , Ma Chao , Wang Wei-Wei , Xu Kai , Yan Han , Xiao Dequan , Jia Chun-Jiang , Fu Qiang , Ma Ding 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn heterogeneous catalysis, the interface between active metal and support plays a key role in catalyzing various reactions. Specially, the synergistic effect between active metals and oxygen vacancies on support can greatly promote catalytic efficiency. However, the construction of high-density metal-vacancy synergistic sites on catalyst surface is very challenging. In this work, isolated Pt atoms are first deposited onto a very thin-layer of MoO3 surface stabilized on γ-Mo2N. Subsequently, the Pt–MoOx/γ-Mo2N catalyst, containing abundant Pt cluster-oxygen vacancy (Ptn–Ov) sites, is in situ constructed. This catalyst exhibits an unmatched activity and excellent stability in the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction at low temperature (300 °C). Systematic in situ characterizations illustrate that the MoO3 structure on the γ-Mo2N surface can be easily reduced into MoOx (2 < x < 3), followed by the creation of sufficient oxygen vacancies. The Pt atoms are bonded with oxygen atoms of MoOx, and stable Pt clusters are formed. These high-density Ptn–Ov active sites greatly promote the catalytic activity. This strategy of constructing metal-vacancy synergistic sites provides valuable insights for developing efficient supported catalysts.
Interleukin-22 regulates neutrophil recruitment in ulcerative colitis and is associated with resistance to ustekinumab therapy
Authors: Pavlidis Polychronis , Tsakmaki Anastasia , Pantazi Eirini , Li Katherine , Cozzetto Domenico , Digby- Bell Jonathan , Yang Feifei , Lo Jonathan W. , Alberts Elena , Sa Ana Caroline Costa , Niazi Umar , Friedman Joshua , Long Anna K. , Ding Yuchun , Carey Christopher D. , Lamb Christopher , Saqi Mansoor , Madgwick Matthew , Gul Leila , Treveil Agatha , Korcsmaros Tamas , Macdonald Thomas T. , Lord Graham M. , Bewick Gavin , Powell Nick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe function of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in intestinal barrier homeostasis remains controversial. Here, we map the transcriptional landscape regulated by IL-22 in human colonic epithelial organoids and evaluate the biological, functional and clinical significance of the IL-22 mediated pathways in ulcerative colitis (UC). We show that IL-22 regulated pro-inflammatory pathways are involved in microbial recognition, cancer and immune cell chemotaxis; most prominently those involving CXCR2+ neutrophils. IL-22-mediated transcriptional regulation of CXC-family neutrophil-active chemokine expression is highly conserved across species, is dependent on STAT3 signaling, and is functionally and pathologically important in the recruitment of CXCR2+ neutrophils into colonic tissue. In UC patients, the magnitude of enrichment of the IL-22 regulated transcripts in colonic biopsies correlates with colonic neutrophil infiltration and is enriched in non-responders to ustekinumab therapy. Our data provide further insights into the biology of IL-22 in human disease and highlight its function in the regulation of pathogenic immune pathways, including neutrophil chemotaxis. The transcriptional networks regulated by IL-22 are functionally and clinically important in UC, impacting patient trajectories and responsiveness to biological intervention.
Quantifying ethnic segregation in cities through random walks
Authors: Sousa Sandro , Nicosia Vincenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocioeconomic segregation has an important role in the emergence of large-scale inequalities in urban areas. Most of the available measures of spatial segregation depend on the scale and size of the system under study, or neglect large-scale spatial correlations, or rely on ad-hoc parameters, making it hard to compare different systems on equal grounds. We propose here a family of non-parametric measures for spatial distributions, based on the statistics of the trajectories of random walks on graphs associated to a spatial system. These quantities provide a consistent estimation of segregation in synthetic spatial patterns, and we use them to analyse the ethnic segregation of metropolitan areas in the US and the UK. We show that the spatial diversity of ethnic distributions, as measured through diffusion on graphs, allow us to compare the ethnic segregation of urban areas having different size, shape, or peculiar microscopic characteristics, and exhibits a strong association with socio-economic deprivation.