bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetry, Causality, Mind
Authors: Leyton Michael 
Published: October 2022

In this investigation of the psychological relationship between shape and time, Leyton argues compellingly that shape is used by the mind to recover the past and as such it forms a basis for memory. Michael Leyton's arguments about the nature of perception and cognition are fascinating, exciting, and sure to be controversial. In this investigation of the psychological relationship between shape and time, Leyton argues compellingly that shape is used by the mind to recover the past and as such it forms a basis for memory. He elaborates a system of rules by which the conversion to memory takes place and presents a number of detailed case studies—in perception, linguistics, art, and even political subjugation—that support these rules.
Leyton observes that the mind assigns to any shape a causal history explaining how the shape was formed. We cannot help but perceive a deformed can as a dented can. Moreover, by reducing the study of shape to the study of symmetry, he shows that symmetry is crucial to our everyday cognitive processing. Symmetry is the means by which shape is converted into memory.
Perception is usually regarded as the recovery of the spatial layout of the environment. Leyton, however, shows that perception is fundamentally the extraction of time from shape. In doing so, he is able to reduce the several areas of computational vision purely to symmetry principles. Examining grammar in linguistics, he argues that a sentence is psychologically represented as a piece of causal history, an archeological relic disinterred by the listener so that the sentence reveals the past. Again through a detailed analysis of art he shows that what the viewer takes to be the experience of a painting is in fact the extraction of time from the shapes of the painting. Finally he highlights crucial aspects of the mind's attempt to recover time in examples of political subjugation.
Bradford Books imprint
Vision, Brain, and Cooperative Computation
Authors: Feldman Jerome , Hayes Patrick , Rumelhart David E. 
Published: October 2022

These nineteen original essays present current developments in the exciting field of vision research, stressing contributions from neurophysiology, psychophysics, and computer science. They are unified by the theme of how best to structure the computations for visual systems and are placed in perspective by a major integrative essay provided by the editors.
Broad in scope and packed with useful detail, Vision, Brain, and Cooperative Computation covers the entire range of perceptual experience from sensors to learning. Crossing several traditional disciplinary boundaries, it offers valuable insights into artificial intelligence and cognitive science with diverse and timely essays on visual neurophysiology, visual psychophysics, machine vision and robotics, and connectionism and cooperative computation.
Bradford Books imprint
Exogenous melatonin treatment on post-harvest jujube fruits maintains physicochemical qualities during extended cold storage
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Jirui , Ma Qiaoli , Zhang Xaio’ai , Luo Xian , Deng Qunxian 
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the visual appearance and physicochemical changes of postharvest jujube fruits (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Shucuizao) stored under 0 °C for 15 days. The fruits were dipped in 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 and 400 µM melatonin solutions after harvest. The results showed that treatment with a suitable melatonin concentration improved the rate of crisp fine fruits, delayed weight loss and firmness decline, and suppressed changes in total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) contents of jujube fruits compared with the control. In addition, jujube fruits soaked with melatonin showed improved antioxidant capacity through increased ascorbic acid (AsA) content, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content. As a result, 50 µM melatonin showed the greatest improvement of visual appearance and quality maintenance, and could be used as an effective treatment to preserve postharvest jujube fruit.
The Architecture of Oligonucleotide‐Polycationic Brush Complexes – A Neutron Reflectometry Study
Authors: Gautrot Julien E. , Chang Lan , Alexis Cardee , Gutfreund Philipp , Zarbakhsh Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolycationic brushes are attractive systems for the design of nanomaterials for gene delivery as they enable rational design of their architecture with a broad range of grafting densities, thicknesses, and chemistries. Recently, their performance for siRNA delivery is highlighted and the strong impact of their molecular architecture on RNA binding and transfection efficiency now calls for a greater understanding of the architecture of polymer brush‐oligonucleotide complexes. In this study, the morphology of polymer brushes with a range of grafting densities, thicknesses, and chemistry (weak polybase poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), PDMAEMA, and strong poly(2‐methacrylolyloxyethyltrimethylammonium iodide), PMETAI) and their complexes with 20 base pair siRNA oligonucleotides are first investigated. These assemblies are then studied via neutron reflectometry, building first a model of brush swelling in deionized water, at three different contrasts, prior to the investigation of brush‐RNA complexes. It is found that oligonucleotides infiltrate deep within the brush and alter the morphology of their most basal layer more strongly, regardless of the strength of the polybase. This understanding will enable the improved rational design of polymer brush nanostructures for gene delivery applications.
Multi‐site nerve block catheters for postoperative analgesia in extended scapulectomy and free‐flap reconstruction
Authors: Cowgill A. E. , Womack J. , Powell L. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryScapulectomy is performed as a limb‐sparing procedure in the management of tumours of the proximal humerus and shoulder girdle. Analgesic outcomes following this procedure are poorly documented in the literature. In our case, satisfactory analgesia following extended scapulectomy and free‐flap reconstruction was achieved with a combination of multi‐site continuous nerve block catheters and patient‐controlled analgesia, for a patient with chronic pain who had a high pre‐operative opioid requirement. Multiple continuous nerve block catheters were used, including interscalene and paravertebral catheters to provide analgesia for the shoulder resection, with a fascia iliaca compartment catheter providing analgesia to free‐flap donor site on the the anterolateral thigh. These continuous nerve block catheters contributed to effective postoperative analgesia and low postoperative intravenous opioid requirements in this case.
Transesterification of castor oil catalyzed by a fermented solid produced by Burkholderia contaminans using a bioreactor coupled with ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Moreira Michelle Aparecida Coelho , Alnoch Robson Carlos , Luz Junior Luiz Fernando de Lima , Baron Alessandra Machado , Mitchell David Alexander , Krieger Nadia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, ultrasound was used to assist the ethanolysis of castor oil in a solvent‐free system, catalyzed by a dry fermented solid containing the lipase from Burkholderia contaminans (BCFS). Reactions were done at 45°C. The maximum conversion in Erlenmeyer flasks was 71% in 96 h, using a loading of 9% (mass of BCFS in relation to the mass of triacylglycerols in the castor oil) and a molar ratio of ethanol:oil of 6:1, with addition of ethanol in 12 steps. In a packed‐bed reactor containing 12 g of BCFS, the conversions were 78% in 48 h, and 83% in 72 h with an ethanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1 and treatment with an ultrasound probe, with maximum power of 500 W, frequency of 20 kHz, and 75% of the maximum power. These results are promising given that, with an ultrasound assisted bioreactor, a higher conversion in a shorter time was achieved, with a lower ethanol to oil molar ratio than was the case in the Erlenmeyer flasks without ultrasound.
Radiographie im Bauwesen – Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Praxis im Rahmen der ZfPBau
Authors: Schulze Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDie Durchstrahlungsprüfung ist in der klassischen Materialprüfung aus guten Gründen seit Jahrzehnten etabliert, bietet sie doch als einziges zerstörungsfreies Verfahren die Möglichkeit einer direkten Bildgebung des Innern von Schweißnähten, Guss‐ und Werkstücken. In der Zerstörungsfreien Prüfung im Bauwesen (ZfPBau) wird das Verfahren bislang nicht systematisch angewandt, obwohl sich dank Weiterentwicklungen insbesondere im Bereich der digitalen mobilen Radiographie viele praktische Einsatzmöglichkeiten anbieten. Qualitätssicherung im Neubau, Schadensbewertung im Bestand oder die noninvasive Untersuchung von Spannbeton und Denkmalschutzbauten – die Palette ist breit gefächert. Mit der Radiographie ist eine eindeutige Abbildung, Vermessung, Tiefenlagenbestimmung und Identifikation von Einbauteilen, Bewehrungs‐ und Spannstahl möglich. Die zielführende Untersuchung von Rissen im Beton oder von Restquerschnitten korrosiver Bewehrung ist ebenfalls denkbar und kann Stoff zukünftiger Forschungsarbeiten sein. Dieser Beitrag umreißt die Grundlagen, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Radiographie im Bauwesen und belegt anhand von Beispielen das Potenzial für den praktischen Einsatz in der Bauwerksdiagnostik.
Optimized decision support for selection of transoral robotic surgery or (chemo)radiation therapy based on posttreatment swallowing toxicity
Authors: Hemmati Mehdi , Barbon Carly , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , van Dijk Lisanne V. , Moreno Amy C. , Gross Neil D. , Goepfert Ryan P. , Lai Stephen Y. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Schaefer Andrew J. , Fuller Clifton D. ,   for the MD Anderson Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Working Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA primary goal in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) survivors is to optimize swallowing function. However, the uncertainty in the outcomes of TORS including postoperative residual positive margin (PM) and extranodal extension (ENE), may necessitate adjuvant therapy, which may cause significant swallowing toxicity to survivors.MethodsA secondary analysis was performed on a prospective registry data with low‐ to intermediate‐risk human papillomavirus–related OPSCC possibly resectable by TORS. Decision trees were developed to model the uncertainties in TORS compared with definitive radiation therapy (RT) and chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Swallowing toxicities were measured by Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST), MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory–Head and Neck (MDASI‐HN) instruments. The likelihoods of PM/ENE were varied to determine the thresholds within which each therapy remains optimal.ResultsCompared with RT, TORS resulted in inferior swallowing function for moderate likelihoods of PM/ENE (>60% in short term for all instruments, >75% in long term for DIGEST and MDASI) leaving RT as the optimal treatment. Compared with CRT, TORS remained the optimal therapy based on MDADI and MDASI but showed inferior swallowing outcomes based on DIGEST for moderate‐to‐high likelihoods of PM/ENE (>75% for short‐term and >40% for long‐term outcomes).ConclusionIn the absence of reliable estimation of postoperative PM/ENE concurrent with significant postoperative PM, the overall toxicity level in OPSCC patients undergoing TORS with adjuvant therapy may become more severe compared with patients receiving nonsurgical treatments thus advocating definitive (C)RT protocols.
Vocal indicators of facilitative interpersonal skills
Authors: Glasgow Olivia G. , Anderson Timothy , Lee Chao‐Yang , Hixson Glynnis , Johnson Ashleigh , Smith Jonnierah , Hill Clara E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) method uses simulations of difficult client moments as a test of helpers' ability to remain therapeutic in therapeutically stressful situations. A total of 135 participants completed the FIS task as part of a training in helping skills and provided verbal responses that were assessed by trained raters for interpersonal skills. Audio recordings of these verbal responses were then analysed acoustically for fundamental frequency (F0), spectral slope and F0 range. Mean F0 and F0 range were more highly associated with trained raters' ratings of FIS for female participants than for male participants, although F0 range was associated with FIS of both males and females. The results suggest that F0 is associated with FIS for females, especially the FIS items that are indicative of emotional expression and verbal fluency. Findings are discussed as possibly indicating that some expression of higher F0 in response to distressed client situations may be part of interpersonal skills, such that more skilled therapists respond to stressful client situations with a higher F0.
The use of artificial neural network (ANN) in dry flue gas desulphurization modelling: Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian regularization (BR) algorithm comparison
Authors: Makomere Robert , Rutto Hilary , Koech Lawrence , Banza Musamba 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research project aims to investigate the efficacy of artificial neural networks (ANN) in mapping dry flue gas desulphurization (DFGD). Bayesian regularization (BR) and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) training algorithms were used for DFGD modelling. The input layer feed data contained diatomite to Ca(OH)2 ratio, hydration time, hydration temperature, sulphation temperature, and inlet gas concentration, while the output layer metadata were sorbent conversion and sulphation responses. The hyperbolic tangent (tansig), sigmoid (logsig), and linear (purelin) activation functions were compared to ascertain the best network learning model. The number of hidden layer cells also varied between 7 and 10, given the existence of multiple output feed data. BR and LM performance evaluation was based on coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean square error (MSE) mathematical analysis. BR was a superlative training tool compared to LM, with lower RMSE and MSE values. The goodness of fit data for both techniques was close to unity, clarifying that ANN using BR and LM tools can be used to predict DGFD outcome. The shrinking core model was used to analyze the desulphurization reaction and concluding the chemical reaction was the reaction controlling step.
Cervical cancer elimination in Indian context: Moving from barriers to facilitators
Authors: Vikraman Saraswathy M. , Khanna Divya , Dandpat Abhishek 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt has been 46 years since the launch of cancer control programs in India and yet the recent National Family Health Survey (fifth round, 2019–2021) has reported that just 1.9% of women aged 30–49 years have ever undergone cervical cancer screening. The cost of delayed diagnosis of cervical cancer and its treatment is overwhelming, and the rural population takes the worst hit. It is the need of the hour that the Indian health system and policymakers identify the barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer early detection and provide pragmatic solutions so that the targets of cervical cancer elimination can be achieved in a timely manner.
Macrophage‐derived extracellular vesicles regulate follicular activation and improve ovarian function in old mice by modulating local environment
Authors: Xiao Yue , Peng Xiaoxu , Peng Yue , Zhang Chi , Liu Wei , Yang Weijie , Dou Xiaowei , Jiang Yuying , Wang Yaxuan , Yang Shuo , Xiang Wenpei , Wu Tinghe , Li Jing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn mammals, ovarian function is dependent on the primordial follicle pool and the rate of primordial follicle activation determines a female's reproductive lifespan. Ovarian ageing is characterised by chronic low‐grade inflammation with accelerated depletion of primordial follicles and deterioration of oocyte quality. Macrophages (Mφs) play critical roles in multiple aspects of ovarian functions; however, it remains unclear whether Mφs modulate the primordial follicle pool and what is their role in ovarian ageing. Here, by using super‐ or naturally ovulated mouse models, we demonstrated for the first time that ovulation‐induced local inflammation acted as the driver for selective activation of surrounding primordial follicles in each estrous cycle. This finding was related to infiltrating Mφs in ovulatory follicles and the dynamic changes of the two polarised Mφs, M1 and M2 Mφs, during the process. Further studies on newborn ovaries cocultured with different subtypes of Mφs demonstrated the stimulatory effect of M1 Mφs on primordial follicles, whereas M2 Mφs maintained follicles in a dormant state. The underlying mechanism was associated with the differential regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling pathway through secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the containing specific miRNAs miR‐107 (M1 Mφs) and miR‐99a‐5p (M2 Mφs). In aged mice, the intravenous injection of M2‐EVs improved ovarian function and ameliorated the inflammatory microenvironment within the ovary. Thus, based on the anti‐ageing effects of M2 Mφs in old mice, M2‐EVs may represent a new approach to improve inflammation‐related infertility in women.
Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID‐19 ARDS and immunothrombosis
Authors: Cesta Maria Candida , Zippoli Mara , Marsiglia Carolina , Gavioli Elizabeth M. , Cremonesi Giada , Khan Akram , Mantelli Flavio , Allegretti Marcello , Balk Robert 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory condition with a dramatic increase in incidence since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Neutrophils play a vital role in the immunopathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection by triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), producing cytokines including interleukin‐8 (CXCL8), and mediating the recruitment of other immune cells to regulate processes such as acute and chronic inflammation, which can lead to ARDS. CXCL8 is involved in the recruitment, activation, and degranulation of neutrophils, and therefore contributes to inflammation amplification and severity of disease. Furthermore, activation of neutrophils also supports a prothrombotic phenotype, which may explain the development of immunothrombosis observed in COVID‐19 ARDS. This review aims to describe hyperinflammatory ARDS due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In addition, we address the critical role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, inflammatory cytokines, and the potential targeting of CXCL8 in treating the hyperinflammatory ARDS population.
A new recurrent pi‐sigma artificial neural network inspired by exponential smoothing feedback mechanism
Authors: Bas Eren , Eğrioğlu Erol 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPi‐sigma artificial neural networks have very good performance for forecasting problems because of their highly nonlinear model structure. Some time series can be forecasted better with the combination of simple and highly nonlinear structures. In this study, the architecture of the pi‐sigma artificial neural network is modified by an inspiring exponential smoothing feedback mechanism. The architecture of the proposed neural network automatically balances simple and complex nonlinear model structures. Moreover, a training algorithm is created by using the sine cosine algorithm. The training algorithm has some solutions for overfitting and local optimum problems. The main contribution of the study is to propose a new hybrid recurrent neural network and its training algorithm. In the analysis of the new network's performance, the randomly selected eight subseries of the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index daily time series between 2014 and 2018 are used. The performance of the proposed method is compared with popular deep learning artificial neural networks, pi‐sigma artificial neural networks, and classical exponential smoothing methods. The statistical results show that the proposed method can produce better forecasting results than the others.
River water temperature demonstrates resistance to long‐term air temperature change
Authors: Worrall Fred , Howden Nicholas J. K. , Burt Tim P. , Hannah David M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEcosystem health and water quality of rivers are dependent on their temperature. With ongoing human‐induced climate change causing increases in air temperature across the globe, it is anticipated the stream temperatures will rise too—in turn increasing the rates of biogeochemical stream processes and potentially threatening the viability and health of aquatic organisms. To understand the relationship between climate change and stream temperature response, the longer the records that can be analysed, the more the robust the analysis for detecting change. In this study, we analyse records from 263 catchments from across the United Kingdom for 45 years from 1974 to 2019 to assess the link between air temperature and stream temperature change. To give the most precise analysis of these long records, Bayesian hierarchical modelling was used and showed that: (i) The Bayesian hierarchical approach was 59% more precise, that is, reduced uncertainty on long‐term trends, than using simple linear regression. (ii) The increase in annual average air temperature over 45 years across the United Kingdom showed no significant differences between 22 weather stations and gave a 45‐year change of 1.35 ± 0.9°C. (iii) Trends in annual mean stream temperature change varied from −2.3 °C to 2.0 °C over 45 years, with the mean over 263 sites being 0.5 °C over 45 years. (iv) 1% of rivers showed a stream temperature trend significantly greater than the air temperature trend but 3% of sites showed a stream temperature trend significantly lower than zero. (v) 74% of all river sites showed no significant monotonic trend, either positive or negative, in water temperature even after 45 years. The observed declines in stream temperature could be ascribed to the closures of thermoelectric power stations but it is unclear why the stream temperature at some sites has risen faster than air temperature. The study shows that mean river temperature was well buffered against changes in air temperature—a 1°C rise in air temperature giving 0.37°C in mean stream temperature.
A comprehensive review on hydrogel materials in urology: Problems, methods, and new opportunities
Authors: Wierzbicka Adrianna , Krakos Marek , Wilczek Piotr , Bociaga Dorota 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogel materials provide an extremely promising group of materials that can find an increasingly wide range of use in treating urinary system conditions due to their unique properties. The present review describes achievements to date in terms of the use and development prospects of hydrogel materials applications in the treatment and reconstruction of the urinary system organs, which among others include: hydrogel systems of intravesical drug delivery, ureteral stents design, treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, urinary bladder and urethral defects reconstruction, design of modern urinary catheters and also solutions applied in urinary incontinence therapy (Figure 4). In addition, hydrogel materials find increasingly growing applications in the construction of educational simulation models of organs and specific conditions of the urinary system, which enable the education of medical personnel. Numerous research efforts are underway to expand the existing treatment methods and reconstruction of the urinary system based on hydrogel materials. After conducting the further necessary research, many of the innovative solutions developed to date have high application potential.