bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AtUSP17 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance through modulation of multiple signaling pathways in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bhuria Monika , Goel Parul , Kumar Sanjay , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtUSP17 is a multiple stress‐inducible gene that encodes a universal stress protein (USP) in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, we functionally characterized AtUSP17 using its knock‐down mutant, Atusp17, and AtUSP17‐overexpression lines (WTOE). The overexpression of AtUSP17 in wild‐type and Atusp17 mutant Arabidopsis plants resulted in higher sensitivity to salt stress during seed germination than WT and Atusp17 mutant lines. In addition, the WTOE and FC lines exhibited higher abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity than Atusp17 mutant during germination. The exogenous application of ethylene precursor 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) was able to rescue the salt hypersensitive phenotype of WTOE lines. In contrast, AgNO3, an ethylene action inhibitor, further blocked the effect of ACC during germination. The addition of ACC under salt stress resulted in reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, expression of ABA‐responsive genes, improved proline synthesis, increased expression of positive regulators of ethylene signaling and antioxidant defense genes with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. The WTOE lines exhibited salt sensitivity even at the adult plant stage, while Atusp17 mutant exhibited higher salt tolerance with higher chlorophyll, relative water content and lower electrolyte leakage as compared with WT. The BAR interaction viewer database and available literature mining identified AtUSP17‐interacting proteins, which include RGS1, RACK1C and PRN1 involved in G‐protein signaling, which play a crucial role in salt stress responses. Based on the present study and available literature, we proposed a model in which AtUSP17 negatively mediates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis through modulation of ethylene, ABA, ROS, and G‐protein signaling and responses.
Cesarean sections for high‐risk births: health, fertility, and labor market outcomes*
Authors: Mühlrad Hanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA cesarean section (C‐section) is common practice in complicated deliveries that otherwise carry risk of severe complications. However, C‐sections themselves carry risks, as do all major surgical procedures. In this paper, I examine the causal effects of C‐sections on child and maternal outcomes in a population of high‐risk deliveries, namely breech births. To capture the causal effect of C‐sections, I exploit an information shock to the medical community on the effectiveness of the procedure. Using Swedish administrative data, I find that C‐sections improve the health of children at birth and during childhood. I find no significant impacts on maternal morbidity or labor market outcomes.
Peer teaching and Pecha Kucha for pharmacology
Authors: Qin Helen , Vaughan Brett , Morley Peter , Ng Louisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeer teaching involves learners at the same level in their academic career aiding each other's education. In medical education, it has had success in clinical and procedural skills; we set out to design a pharmacology peer teaching initiative and evaluate its acceptability and value as a learning tool.ApproachSecond‐year medical students (n = 62) were invited to participate in a peer‐led pharmacology educational initiative over 2 months. Students created PowerPoint presentations on medications using Pecha Kucha principles (automatic slide advancement that emphasises concision through time and content limitations to sustain the audience's attention). Presentations occurred over eight, 1‐hour sessions, facilitated by senior academics.EvaluationThe evaluation consisted of an anonymous questionnaire with 10 Likert‐scale questions and two open‐ended questions on the learners' perceptions of feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness in improving knowledge, teaching and independent learning skills. Fifty‐three students presented at well‐attended sessions. Twenty‐nine students completed the Kirkpatrick Level 1 evaluation with largely positive perceptions, including improved pharmacology knowledge (n = 21, 72%), teaching skills (n = 23, 79%) and independent learning skills (n = 22, 76%). Satisfaction with both the quality of peer teaching (n = 21, 72%) and presence of expert facilitators (97%, n = 28) was high. Three found the initiative burdensome, and 23 reported information overload. Nevertheless, 23 deemed the experience valuable. Facilitator reflections were also positive.ImplicationsOur peer teaching initiative appeared useful to our learners, but in this process, we gained valuable information to improve the next iteration. We plan to use this format either for revision material or reduce session length and increase interval time between sessions to address the perceived information overload.
Histologic acute graft pyelonephritis after kidney transplantation: Incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and association with graft loss
Authors: Powers Harry R. , Hellinger Walter C. , Cortese Cherise , Elrefaei Mohamed , Khouzam Samir , Spiegel Matthew , Li Zhuo , Wadei Hani M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHistologic acute graft pyelonephritis (HAGPN) after kidney transplantation (KT) has been assessed less frequently than urinary tract infections (UTIs) or clinical acute graft pyelonephritis. Risk factors for HAGPN, its association with graft loss, and measures that might prevent it are not known.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of HAGPN cases identified from KT occurring between January 2008 and December 2017 at our institution. We compared the HAGPN cases to a randomly selected control group of KTs to identify risk factors using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. The association between HAGPN and graft loss was also assessed, similarly.ResultsHAGPN was identified in 46 of 1391 patients (cumulative incidence, 5% [95% CI, 3%–7%]) undergoing KT at a single center from January 2008 through December 2017 (median time to diagnosis, 241 days after KT; interquartile range, 122–755 days). Indications for biopsy were follow‐up of treated rejection (n = 20 [43%]), KT protocol biopsy (n = 19 [41%]), and acute kidney injury (n = 7 [15%]). Histologic rejection, UTI, and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) were present in 23 (50%), 9 (20%), and 16 (35%). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models comparing KT recipients with or without HAGPN (n = 46 and n = 138, respectively) showed that HAGPN was associated with urologic complication by day 30, delayed graft function, previous UTI or ASB, and a history of rejection. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, HAGPN was associated with an increased risk of graft loss.ConclusionHAGPN is an infrequent, unanticipated, and clinically significant complication of KT.
Arterial malformations leading to bilateral spontaneous renal hemorrhage in a dog
Authors: Hall Georgina B. F. , Schwarz Tobias , Liuti Tiziana , Salgado Jorge P. A. , Ferreira Marisa F. , Willems Annelies L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, management, and follow‐up of a dog that presented with sequential, bilateral, spontaneous, subcapsular and perirenal hemorrhage (Wunderlich syndrome) due to bilateral renal arterial malformations.Case SummaryA 9‐year‐old intact male Field Spaniel presented for acute onset abdominal pain following a possible syncopal episode. Abdominal ultrasonography, contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) revealed right‐sided perirenal hemorrhage that extended into the peritoneum. The dog was discharged following stabilization with analgesia, fluid therapy, and tranexamic acid. One month later, the patient presented with identical clinical signs. A CT scan at this stage revealed bilateral kidney infarcts with new left‐sided perirenal hemorrhage. Abdominal ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound were repeated and showed similar findings. Follow up with four‐dimensional CT angiography revealed bilateral renal arterial malformations, likely causing spontaneous renal hemorrhage and secondary subcapsular hematomas , retroperitoneal and peritoneal hemorrhage.Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of both bilateral renal arterial malformations and bilateral spontaneous subcapsular and perirenal hemorrhage in the absence of neoplasia, coagulopathy, or trauma in a dog. Advanced imaging modalities, including selective angiography, were required to diagnose this condition successfully. Arterial malformations should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of hemoretroperitoneum. Nephrectomy due to perirenal hemorrhage should be cautiously considered, especially in the absence of angiography, because of the sequential bilateral nature of this case. Conservative management in this case resulted in a good long‐term outcome 10 months later.
Center of rotation of angulation‐based leveling osteotomy for stifle stabilization in skeletally immature dogs
Authors: Peycke Laura E. , McDougall Renee , Roca Rodrigo , Dycus David , Hulse Don A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe short‐term outcomes of center of rotation of angulation (CORA)‐based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) in skeletally immature dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) injury.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsFifteen skeletally immature dogs (16 stifles).MethodsMedical records of dogs with CrCL injury and radiographically documented open proximal tibial physis and tibial tuberosity apophysis managed with CBLO were reviewed. Clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, and complications were reviewed.ResultsFifteen dogs (16 stifles) with radiographically documented open proximal tibial physis and tibial tuberosity apophysis and CrCL injury underwent a CBLO. Mean tibial plateau angle (TPA) was 26° preoperatively, 9° postoperatively, and 9° at final recheck. One dog developed 10° recurvatum of the proximal tibia secondary to inadvertent over rotation of the tibial plateau (TPA 3°) to protect primary repair of an insertional CrCL avulsion. Correction of the recurvatum was declined as the dog had full limb function. Two dogs developed a valgus deformity secondary to a plate screw engaging the distolateral aspect of the proximal tibial physis. Owners of these dogs reported normal function but requested surgical revision to prevent long‐term problems secondary to abnormal weight bearing. Both dogs regained full function following recovery from revision surgery. At a mean time of 23 months following surgery, all dogs continued to have full function as per phone conversation with owners.ConclusionWith proper preoperative planning, CBLO is an option for skeletally immature dogs with CrCL injury.
Tracking Peripheral Artery Motion and Vascular Resistance With a Multimodal Wearable Sensor Under Pressure Perturbations
Authors: Wang Lu , Ansari Sardar , Cai Yingjie , McCracken Brendan , Hakam Tiba M. , Ward Kevin R. , Najarian Kayvan , Oldham Kenn R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The status of peripheral arteries is known to be a key physiological indicator of the body's response to both acute and chronic medical conditions. In this paper, peripheral artery deformation is tracked by wearable photoplethysmograph (PPG) and piezo-electric (polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF) sensors, under pressure-varying cuff. A simple mechanical model for the local artery and intervening tissue captures broad features present in the PPG and PVDF signals on multiple swine subjects, with respect to varying cuff pressure. These behaviors provide insight into the robustness of cardiovascular property identification by noninvasive wearable sensing. This is found to help refine noninvasive blood pressure measurements and estimation of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) using selected features of sensor amplitude versus applied pressure.
Model-Based Design and Optimization of Passive Shoulder Exoskeletons
Authors: Nasr Ali , Ferguson Spencer , McPhee John 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To physically assist workers in reducing musculoskeletal strain or to develop motor skills for patients with neuromuscular disabilities, recent research has focused on exoskeletons. Designing exoskeletons is challenging due to the complex human geometric structure, the human-exoskeleton wrench interaction, the kinematic constraints, and the selection of power source characteristics. This study concentrates on modeling a 3D multibody upper-limb human-exoskeleton, developing a procedure of analyzing optimal assistive torque profiles, and optimizing the passive mechanism features for desired tasks. The optimization objective is minimizing the human joint torques. Differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) of motion have been generated and solved to simulate the complex closed-loop multibody dynamics. Three different tasks have been considered, which are common in industrial environments: object manipulation, over-head work, and static pointing. The resulting assistive exoskeleton's elevation joint torque profile decreases the specific task's human shoulder torque in computer simulations. The exoskeleton is not versatile or optimal for different dynamic tasks since the passive mechanism produces a specific torque for a given elevation angle. We concluded that designing a fully passive exoskeleton for a wide range of dynamic applications is impossible.
Inferring Extreme Values From Measured Averages Under Deep Uncertainty
Authors: Ben-Haim Yakov 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Averages are measured in many circumstances for diagnostic, predictive, or surveillance purposes. Examples include average stress along a beam, average speed along a section of highway, average alcohol consumption per month, average gross domestic product (GDP) over a large region, and a student's average grade over 4 yr of study. However, the average value of a variable reveals nothing about fluctuations of the variable along the path that is averaged. Extremes—stress concentrations, speeding violations, binge drinking, poverty and wealth, and intellectual incompetence in particular topics—may be more significant than the average. This paper explores the choice of design variables and performance requirements to achieve robustness against uncertainty when interpreting an average, in face of uncertain fluctuations of the averaged variable. Extremes are not observed, but robustness against those extremes enhances the ability to interpret the observed average in terms of the extremes. The opportuneness from favorable uncertainty is also explored. We examine the design of a cantilever beam with uncertain loads. We derive four generic propositions, based on info-gap decision theory, that establish necessary and sufficient conditions for robust or opportune dominance, and for sympathetic relations between robustness to pernicious uncertainty and opportuneness from propitious uncertainty. Some of the highlights are as follows: (1) Averages are used for diagnosis, prediction, or surveillance, but hide important extremes. (2) Averages are measured on uncertain varying processes. (3) Info-gap theory is employed to model and manage process uncertainty. (4) Assessing robustness to uncertainty enables interpretation of averages regarding adverse extremes. (5) Assessing opportuneness from uncertainty enables interpretation of averages regarding favorable extremes.
Mathematical Model for Combined Effects of Temperature and Pressure in Causing Soft Tissue Injury
Authors: McGregor Gary L. , Rego Bruno V. , Diller Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pressure and thermal injuries affect millions of lives every year. Both types of injury have been a focal priority for the medical community to understand and treat, especially since World War II. Typically, each injury mechanism is studied in isolation due to differences in the primary factors causing the trauma. The serial confluence of applied tissue deformation, inflammation, and ischemia imposed over time combine to cause mechanically derived injury, whereas high or low temperatures are causative factors for thermal injuries. Modeling and simulation analyses have been used to develop an understanding of both types of injury pathways to predict threshold conditions for the onset of damage and to develop methods of prevention. Although thermal and mechanical injury processes are often viewed independently, prior experiments have demonstrated that these two phenomena may have active cross-coupling. Temperature can act as a prophylactic or accelerant to pressure injuries, depending on its magnitude, to radically alter the shape, position, time, and final disposition. In this study, we developed a finite element model to predict injury as a function of time, temperature, mechanical deformation, and local blood perfusion. The model embodies an equation with constitutive terms that are relevant to physiological processes that govern the development of injury. The current model is a composite derived from regression of experimental data and conformation to the physiological structure. It expresses highly nonlinear coupling across the domains of thermal, mechanical, and fluid transport and is solved for composite hard and soft tissue geometry combinations. We evaluated the model for a broad range of trauma conditions defined by subject morphology, mechanical loading, temperature, and time. Moreover, we implemented the model within a finite element framework to estimate the risk of injury for specific stress conditions via large-scale simulations.
Estimating Concrete Strength From Nondestructive Testing With Few Core Tests Considering Uncertainties
Authors: Dauji Saha , Karmakar Soubhagya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Important facilities constructed during last decades of 20th century are near completion of design life. For extending their service life or to evaluate these for new demands (loads), assessment of strength of concrete in existing structure becomes necessary, a task generally performed with nondestructive tests (NDT); ultrasonic pulse velocity (USPV) and rebound hammer being most commonly executed. Compressive strength is estimated using empirical expressions relating NDT to partially destructive tests (PDT) such as core test. For the development of structure-specific expressions, results of adequate number (depending on variability and desired confidence level) of PDT are essential but these might not be available due to operational constraints. Correlation expressions from literature could be used in such cases but having been developed for different ingredients, curing regimes, and environmental exposure conditions, there would be associated uncertainties. A practical method for the estimation of these uncertainties is not readily available in the literature. This article proposes the statistical approach of resampling for quantifying the uncertainty of indirect strength estimates using expressions from literature. Parametric (probability distribution) and nonparametric (bootstrap) tools are employed and demonstrated with a case study from India. Both parametric and nonparametric approaches could capture across-member variability whereas overall uncertainty incorporation, as well as repeatability, was better in nonparametric approach. Parametric approach is traditionally used and well accepted by practitioners in contrast to nonparametric methods, which have certain advantages. The detailed methodology enumerated in the article would be very useful for practitioners across the world.
A Novel Design of Rack Mount Server Thermal Simulator: Design, Assembly, and Experimental Verification
Authors: Mohsenian Ghazal , Hoang Cong Hiep , Nemati Kourosh , Alissa Hussam , Tradat Mohammad , Fallahtafti Najmeh , Radmard Vahideh , Murray Bruce , Sammakia Bahgat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The practice of commissioning data centers (DCs) is necessary to confirm the compliance of the cooling system to the information technology equipment (ITE) load (design capacity). In a typical DC, there are different types of ITE, each having its physical characteristics. Considering these geometrical and internal differences among ITE, it is infeasible to use the actual ITE as a self-simulator. Hence, a separate device called load bank is employed for that purpose. Load banks create a dummy thermal load to analyze, test, and stress the cooling infrastructure. Available commercial load banks do not accurately replicate a server's airflow patterns and transient heat signatures which are governed by thermal inertia, energy dissipation, flow resistance, and fan system behavior. In this study, a novel prototype of the server called server simulator was designed and built with different components to be used as a server mockup. The server simulator accurately captured air resistance, heat dissipation, and the functionality of actual server behavior. Experimental data showed up to 93% improvement in ITE passive and active flow curves using the designed server simulator compared to the commercial load bank. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrated a below 5% discrepancy on the critical back pressure and free delivery point between the actual ITE and the designed server simulator. In addition, experimental data indicated that the developed server simulator improved the actual ITE thermal mass by 27% compared to the commercial load bank.
Scale-Resolving Simulations of a Statistically Targeted Forcing Method for Synthetic Turbulence Generation in a Freestream Turbulence
Authors: Shobayo Olalekan O. , Walters D. Keith 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics results for synthetic turbulence generation of freestream turbulence by a proposed statistically targeted forcing (STF) method are presented. The STF method has been previously documented for homogeneous isotropic and anisotropic turbulence and formulated to introduce a fluctuating velocity field with a distribution of first and second moments that match a user-specified target mean velocity and Reynolds stress tensor, by incorporating deterministic time-dependent forcing terms into the momentum equation for the resolved flow. This study extends its applicability to generation of freestream turbulence in scale-resolving simulations in which flow is spatially developing. The method provides flexibility in regions where synthetic turbulence needs to be generated or damped, for use in engineering level scale-resolving simulations such as large eddy simulation (LES), and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-LES. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the proposed STF method in simulations that incorporate monotonically integrated LES (MILES), Smagorinsky (SMAG) LES subgrid stress model, and dynamic hybrid RANS-LES (DHRL) model in reproducing inflow freestream turbulent flow, and the capability of each model to reproduce proper energy decay characteristics downstream of forcing. Results are inter-rogated and compared to target statistical velocity and turbulent stress distributions for inflow turbulence and evaluated in terms of energy spectra. Analysis of the influence of STF model parameters, mesh resolution, and LES subgrid stress model on the results is investigated. Results show that the STF method can successfully reproduce desired statistical distributions in a nearly isotropic freestream turbulent flow.