bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergence Study of Rice (Oryza sativa L) Genotypes for Consumer-preferred Quality Traits
Authors: Khaire Amrutlal R. , Singh S. K. , Jayasudha M. , Singh Akanksha , Singh D. K. , Mounika Korada , Habde Sonali Vijay , Manzhi Prasanta Kumar , Bhagvan Arsode Pandurang , Singla Saurav 
Published: October 2022

Aim: To study the divergence of forty rice genotypes for consumer-preferred eleven quality traits.
Design, Place and Duration of the Study: The rice seeds were harvested from randomly selected plants grown in alpha lattice design with three replications during Kharif season (start in June and end in October) 2018 at Agricultural research farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi UP, India.
Methodology: The data were analysed using biometrical tools - Mahalanobis D2 and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The studied traits include, - grain length, grain breadth, kernel length, length to breadth ratio, kernel breadth, kernel length after cooking, kernel breadth after cooking, elongation ratio, elongation index, amylose content and alkali digestion value.
Results: Using Mahalanobis D2, all forty genotypes were distributed into six clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between Cluster II to cluster V (5.76), followed by cluster V and cluster III (5.71), and cluster II and cluster VI (5.57) which indicated the existence of high genetic diversity among genotypes in these clusters and, therefore, crosses between the genotypes of these clusters could yield desirable transgressive isolates for desirable quality traits and the importance of the genotypes present in these clusters for exploiting heterosis for the desirable traits of these clusters. The PCA indicates that the five principal components (PC) captured almost 90% of variability present among the 40 rice genotypes.
Conclusion: The genotypes belonging to Cluster II to cluster V, followed by cluster V and cluster III, and cluster II and cluster VI, can be used for making crosses as they have higher mean values for quality traits and higher inter-cluster distance for greater diversity.
Association of Prediagnosis Obesity and Postdiagnosis Aspirin With Survival From Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Davis Jennifer S. , Chavez Janelle C. , Kok Melissa , San Miguel Yazmin , Lee Hwa Young , Henderson Henry , Overman Michael J. , Morris Van , Kee Bryan , Fogelman David , Advani Shailesh M. , Johnson Benny , Parseghian Christine , Shen John Paul , Dasari Arvind , Shaw Kenna R. , Vilar Eduardo , Raghav Kanwal P. , Shureiqi Imad , Wolff Robert A. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Maru Dipen , Menter David G. , Kopetz Scott , Chang Shine 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceThe potential relationship between obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcome is poorly understood in patients with late-stage disease. Increased body mass index may negate aspirin use for cancer prevention, but its role as a factor on the effectiveness of postdiagnosis aspirin use is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate how prediagnosis obesity and postdiagnosis aspirin use may be associated with overall survival in patients with late-stage colorectal cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used self-reported data from patients with metastatic or treatment-refractory disease who consented to a clinical protocol at MD Anderson Cancer Center, a large US cancer treatment center. Patients were enrolled between 2010 and 2018 and followed up for mortality through July 2020. Analyses were conducted through March 2022.ExposuresBody mass index in the decade prior to initial diagnosis and regular aspirin use at survey completion.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall survival was measured from stage IV diagnosis until death or last follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate associations of prediagnosis obesity and postdiagnosis aspirin use with overall survival.ResultsOf 656 patients included in this analysis, 280 (42.7%) were women, 135 (20.6%) were diagnosed with CRC before age 45 years, 414 (63.1%) were diagnosed between ages 45 and 65 years, and 107 (16.3%) were diagnosed at 65 years or older; 105 patients (16.0%) were Black or Hispanic, and 501 (76.4%) were non-Hispanic White. Controlling for age, sex, race, stage at initial diagnosis, and weight change between prediagnosis and survey date, patients with obesity in the decade prior to CRC diagnosis had significantly higher likelihood of death (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.11-1.91) compared with those with normal prediagnosis body mass index. Furthermore, only patients with normal prediagnosis body mass index experienced significant survival benefit with postdiagnosis aspirin use (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.90).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, our findings suggest potentially differential tumor development in the long-term physiologic host environment of obesity. Confirmation and further evaluation are needed to determine whether prediagnosis body mass index may be used to estimate the benefit from postdiagnosis aspirin use.
Joint application of hybrid iterative reconstruction and adaptive filters on neck‐and‐shoulder CT imaging: A clinical evaluation
Authors: Jin Wenfeng , Ma Yifei , Han Dan , Xie Xiaojie , Zhang Weiyuan , Wu Yan , Zhang Guozhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether the joint application of hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and an adaptive filter (AF) could reduce streak artifacts and improve image quality of neck‐and‐shoulder computed tomography (CT).MethodsThis study included 96 patients with suspicious neck lesions who underwent a routine nonenhanced scan on a 64‐slice CT scanner. The raw data were reconstructed using four different settings: filtered back projection (FBP), HIR, FBP + AF, and HIR + AF. Regions of interest were manually drawn in erector spine, axillary fat, latissimus dorsi, and dorsal cervical fat. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the CT number, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were obtained and compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. The qualitative assessments of five factors were compared by two independent investigators.ResultsCompared to the other three settings, HIR + AF reduced noise in the area where the streak artifact of the lower neck were most serious (SD; all p ≤ 0.001). The SNR and CNR were improved significantly (all p ≤ 0.001). Compared to the other three settings, HIR + AF showed a significant improvement in CT image quality regarding the visibility of suspicious lesions, the extent of streaking artifacts, noise, soft‐tissue contrast, and visualization of small structures (all p ≤ 0.02).ConclusionsThe combination of HIR and AF can significantly reduce streaking artifacts and improve image quality in neck‐and‐shoulder CT imaging.
Band Gap and Defect Engineering for High‐Performance Cadmium‐free Sb2(S,Se)3 Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Liu Cong , Wu Shaohang , Gao Yanyan , Feng Yang , Wang Xinlong , Xie Yifei , Zheng Jianzha , Zhu Hongbing , Li Zhiqiang , Schropp Ruud E.I. , Shen Kai , Mai Yaohua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐efficiency antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) solar cells are often fabricated by hydrothermal deposition and also comprise a CdS buffer layer. Whereas the use of toxic materials such as cadmium compounds should be avoided, both of these issues hinder scaling up to large areas and market access. For this reason, co‐sublimation is studied as a manufacturing process for the active layer as well as the use of Cd‐free buffer layers. To further improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE), a graded bandgap profile is designed for the absorber layer. A V‐shaped graded bandgap in the Sb2(S,Se)3 absorber layer is produced on a TiO2 substrate by co‐sublimation of a controlled varying molar ratio of Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3. Moreover, increasing the Se/S ratio improves the grain size and favorable (hk1) orientations, reduces the detrimental bulk defects in Sb2(S,Se)3 films. Consequently, the optimized Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells reach a PCE of 9.02%, which is a record value for Cd‐free Sb‐based solar cells. A PCE of 7.15% is further demonstrated for a Sb2(S,Se)3 monolithically interconnected minimodule with an active area of 12.32 cm2. This co‐sublimation graded bandgap technique provides a useful guidance for the optimization of a range of solar cells based on alloy compounds.
Boosting Doxorubicin‐Induced Mitochondria Apoptosis for the Monodrug‐Mediated Combination of Chemotherapy and Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Tao , Xiong Cheng‐Feng , Zhang Lin‐Jun , Jiao Guan‐Hua , Shi Hui , Feng Jun , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDoxorubicin (Dox)‐mediated generation of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) for mitochondrial apoptosis is identified as a new cytotoxic mechanism in addition to the well‐established one via nuclear DNA replication interference. However, this mechanism contributes far less than the latter to Dox therapy. This newly identified pathway to make Dox therapy function like the combination of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy‐mediated by Dox alone would be amplified. One‐pot nanoconstruction (HEBD) is fabricated based on the chemical reactions driven assemblies among epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and formaldehyde in aqueous mediums followed by Dox adsorption. Acid tumor microenvironments allow the liberation of EGCG, BSO, and Dox due to the breakage of Schiff base bonds. EGCG component in HEBD is responsible for targeting mitochondria and disrupting mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) to compel electrons leakage in favor of their capture by Dox to produce more ROS. EGCG‐induced mETC disruption results in mitochondrial respiration inhibition with alleviated hypoxia in tumor cells while BSO inhibits glutathione biosynthesis to protect ROS from redox depletion, further boosting Dox‐induced CDT. This strategy of amplifying CDT pathway for the Dox‐mediated combined therapy could largely improve antitumor effect, extend lifespan of tumor‐bearing mice, reduce risks of cardiotoxicity and metastasis.
Desolvation Synergy of Multiple H/Li‐Bonds on an Iron‐Dextran‐Based Catalyst Stimulates Lithium–Sulfur Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Li Tingting , Cai Dong , Yang Shuo , Dong Yangyang , Yu Shuang , Liang Ce , Zhou Xuemei , Ge Yongjie , Xiao Kuikui , Nie Huagui , Yang Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTraditional lithium–sulfur battery catalysts are still facing substantial challenges in solving sulfur redox reactions, which involve multistep electron transfer and multiphase transformations. Here, inspired by the combination of iron dextran (INFeD) and ascorbic acid (VC) as a blood tonic for the treatment of anemia, a highly efficient VC@INFeD catalyst is developed in the sulfur cathode, accomplishing the desolvation and enrichment of high‐concentration solvated lithium polysulfides at the cathode/electrolyte interface with the assistance of multiple H/Li‐bonds and resolving subsequent sulfur transformations through gradient catalysis sites where the INFeD promotes long‐chain lithium polysulfide conversions and VC accelerates short‐chain lithium polysulfide conversions. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the VC@INFeD can substantially reduce the energy barrier of each sulfur redox step, inhibit shuttle effects, and endow the lithium–sulfur battery with high sulfur utilization and superior cycling stability even under a high sulfur loading (5.2 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte (electrolyte/sulfur ratio, ≈7 µL mg−1) condition.
Molecular‐Crowding Effect Mimicking Cold‐Resistant Plants to Stabilize the Zinc Anode with Wider Service Temperature Range
Authors: Ren Huaizheng , Li Sai , Wang Bo , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Tian , Lv Qiang , Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Lei , Han Xiao , Jin Fan , Bao Changyuan , Yan Pengfei , Zhang Nan , Wang Dianlong , Cheng Tao , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrowth of dendrites, the low plating/stripping efficiency of Zn anodes, and the high freezing point of aqueous electrolytes hinder the practical application of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Here, a zwitterionic osmolyte‐based molecular crowding electrolyte is presented, by adding betaine (Bet, a by‐product from beet plant) to the aqueous electrolyte, to solve the abovementioned problems. Substantive verification tests, density functional theory calculations, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations consistently reveal that side reactions and growth of Zn dendrites are restrained because Bet can break Zn2+ solvation and regulate oriented 2D Zn2+ deposition. The Bet/ZnSO4 electrolyte enables superior reversibility in a Zn–Cu half‐cell to achieve a high Coulombic efficiency >99.9% for 900 cycles (≈1800 h), and dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping in Zn–Zn cells for 4235 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, a high concentration of Bet lowers the freezing point of the electrolyte to −92 °C via the molecular‐crowding effect, which ensures the stable operation of the aqueous batteries at −30 °C. This innovative concept of such a molecular crowding electrolyte will inject new vitality into the development of multifunctional aqueous electrolytes.
Systematic online academic resources (SOAR) review: Sickle cell disorders
Authors: Alavian Sara , Asare‐Agbo Prince , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFree open‐access medical education (FOAM) resources have become highly utilized resources in emergency medicine education. However, FOAM content often lacks the traditional peer review process, leaving quality assessment to the readers. In this systematic online academic resource (SOAR) review, we apply a systematic methodology to assess the quality of FOAM resources on sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsWe searched keywords for SCD using FOAM Search and the top 50 FOAM websites listed on the Social Media Index. Resources found were screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria, and a total of 53 resources underwent full‐text quality assessment using the revised Medical Education Translational Resources Impact and Quality (rMETRIQ) tool.ResultsThe search yielded 520 resources, of which 53 met the criteria for quality assessment. A total of eight posts (15.1% of posts) were identified as high quality (rMETRIQ ≥ 16). The most commonly addressed topics within SCD topics included acute chest syndrome, acute pain crisis and general review of SCD. A total of 11 posts (21% of posts) were found to have an rMETRIQ score of less than 7, which may indicate poor quality. The most commonly identified type of resource was personalized reading (64%) and a number of posts were deemed to not have an appropriate use due to poor quality (15%).ConclusionsWe were able to systematically search a wide range of resources to identify, appraise, and organize FOAM resources on the topic of SCD. A final list of eight high‐quality resources can guide trainees, educator recommendations, and FOAM authors.
Factors influencing maize stemflow in western Liaoning, China
Authors: Guo Ming , He Junshi , Dong Kebao , Yang Ning , Li Ying , Xiao Jibing , Feng Liangshan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStemflow (SF) is an important source of water for maize (Zea mays L.) growing in arid areas, and is very important for agricultural water management. However, the results of previous studies in different regions are quite different. There is also a lack of in‐depth research on the SF process of maize at each growth stage. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of rainfall characteristics and maize morphology on SF during the entire maize‐growing period, quantify the stemflow rate (SR) in western Liaoning, analyze the differences in the maize SF process during different growing periods, and establish a multiple regression model for the different growth stages to predict SF. The results showed that the SR in the study area was 12.62%–43.44% during the 28 rainfall events from 2015 to 2016, and the mean SR was 32.80%. The mean SR during the jointing, tasseling, and mature stages were 24.10%, 42.72%, and 35.37%, respectively. SF generally increases with increased precipitation, and with an increase in the leaf area index, but the effects of various factors on SF differed between the early (jointing) and later stages (tasseling and maturity) of maize growth. A multiple regression model of the different growth stages was established to better predict SF in the research region. This study is significant as it improves local farmland water cycle theory and improves the efficiency of irrigation water. In the next step, the effects of leaf angle and canopy coverage warrant further investigation.
Risk factors for perforation during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yang Chih‐Wei , Hung Hsuan‐Jen , Chen Peng‐Jen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) achieves higher en bloc resection rates than endoscopic mucosal resection in early colorectal neoplasms. However, perforation occurs more frequently during ESD. We aimed to identify the risk factors for perforation during colorectal ESD. A total of 161 patients treated with colorectal ESD at a tertiary center between January 2014 and December 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Perforation was defined as a deep defect of the muscularis propria, with or without direct contact with connective tissue outside the colon. Clinical risk factors for perforation during ESD, including age, sex, tumor morphology, tumor size, tumor location, procedure time, en bloc resection rate, histology, and submucosal fibrosis, were analyzed. The mean size of the ESD specimens was 38.2 ± 24.6 mm. The overall en bloc resection rate was 98.1%. Perforations occurred during ESD in 31 out of 161 patients (19.3%). All perforations were successfully treated with endoscopic closure using the hemoclips and nonsurgical management. Emergency surgery was not required in our patients. On multivariate analysis, severe submucosal fibrosis (odds ratio [OR] 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23‐7.59; P = .016) and location in the right colon (OR 4.54; 95% CI 1.31‐15.79; P = .017) were independent risk factors. Perforation during colorectal ESD occurred in 31 patients (19.3%), but all patients had a good outcome without surgery. Submucosal fibrosis and its location are risk factors for perforation during ESD.
A skew in poo: Biases in primate fecal isotope analysis and recommendations for standardized sample preparation
Authors: Oelze Vicky M. , O'Neal Isabella , Wittig Roman M. , Kupczik Kornelius , Schulz‐Kornas Ellen , Hohmann Gottfried 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFeces are a treasure trove in the study of animal behavior and ecology. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis allows to assess the dietary niches of elusive primate species and primate breastfeeding behavior. However, some fecal isotope data may unwillingly be biased toward the isotope ratios of undigested plant matter, requiring more consistent sample preparation protocols. We assess the impact of this potential data skew in 114 fecal samples of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) by measuring the isotope differences (Δ13C, Δ15N) between bulk fecal samples containing larger particles (>1 mm) and filtered samples containing only small particles (<1 mm). We assess the influence of fecal carbon and nitrogen content (ΔC:N) and sample donor age (subadult, adult) on the resulting Δ13C, Δ15N values (n = 228). Additionally, we measure the isotope ratios in three systematically sieved fecal samples of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), with particle sizes ranging from 20 μm to 8 mm (n = 30). We found differences in fecal carbon and nitrogen content, with the smaller fecal fraction containing more nitrogen on average. While the Δ13C values were small and not affected by age or ΔC:N, the Δ15N values were significantly influenced by fecal ΔC:N, possibly resulting from the differing proportions of undigested plant macroparticles. Significant relationships between carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) values and %C in large fecal fractions of both age groups corroborated this assessment. Δ15N values were significantly larger in adults than subadults, which should be of concern in isotope studies comparing adult females with infants to assess breastfeeding. We found a random variation of up to 3.0‰ in δ13C and 2.0‰ in nitrogen stable isotope ratios within the chimpanzee fecal samples separated by particle sizes. We show that particle size influences isotope ratios and propose a simple, cost‐effective filtration method for primate feces to exclude larger undigested food particles from the analysis, which can easily be adopted by labs worldwide.
Light, Heat and Electricity Integrated Energy Conversion System: Photothermal‐Assisted Co‐Electrolysis of CO2 and Methanol
Authors: Wang Yi‐Rong , Ding Hui‐Min , Sun Sheng‐Nan , Shi Jing‐wen , Yang Yi.‐Lu , Li Qi , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStrategy that can design powerful photothermal‐catalysts to achieve photothermal‐effect assisted coupling‐catalysis is much desired for the improvement of energy conversion efficiency and redox product value in CO2 electroreduction system. Herein, a kind of bifunctional viologen‐containing covalent organic framework (Ni‐2CBpy2+‐COF) has been prepared and successfully applied in photothermal‐assisted co‐electrolysis of CO2 and methanol. Specifically, the FECO (cathode) and FEHCOOH (anode) for Ni‐2CBpy2+‐COF can reach up to ≈100 % at 1.9 V with ≈31.5 % saved overall electricity‐consumption when the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is replaced by methanol oxidation. The superior performance could be attributed to the cyclic diquats in Ni‐2CBpy2+‐COF that enhance the photothermal effect (ΔT=49.1 °C) to accelerate faster charge transfer between catalyst and immediate species as well as higher selectivity towards desired products as revealed by DFT calculations and characterizations.
Intrinsic Phase Stability and Inherent Bandgap of Formamidinium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Chen Liang , Yoo Jin Wook , Hu Manman , Lee Seung‐Un , Seok Sang Il 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the intrinsic phase stability and inherent band gap of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskites is crucial to further improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we explored the α‐ to δ‐phase transition and band gap of FAPbI3 single crystals grown by an inverse temperature solubility method. We found that the residual γ‐butyrolactone solvents in the inner empty space of the FAPbI3 single crystal accelerate the phase transition at kinetics. By adopting 2‐methoxyethanol as the solvent, over 2000 h of stable α‐FAPbI3 crystals could be acquired. This proves that although FAPbI3 is regarded as unstable at thermodynamics, it could own excellent kinetic stability without any doping or additives because of the slow solid to solid phase transition instead of the fast phase transition assisted by the solvents. Furthermore, we revealed that the bulk FAPbI3 single crystal with a size above 100 μm can have an inherent band gap of 1.41 eV. Thus, our work provides key scientific guidance for high‐performance FAPbI3‐based PSCs.