bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a lattice structure inspired by glass sponge
Authors: Li Quan-Wei , Sun Bo-Hua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The biomimetic design of engineering structures is based on biological structures with excellent mechanical properties, which are the result of billions of years of evolution. However, current biomimetic structures, such as ordered lattice materials, are still inferior to many biomaterials in terms of structural complexity and mechanical properties. For example, the structure of Euplectella aspergillum, a type of deep-sea glass sponge, is an eye-catching source of inspiration for biomimetic design, many researches have introduced similar architecture in cellular solids. However, guided by scientific theory, how to surpass the mechanical properties of E. aspergillum remains an unsolved problem. We proposed the lattice structure which firstly surpass the E. aspergillum mechanically. The lattice structure of the skeleton of E. aspergillum consists of vertically, horizontally, and diagonally oriented struts, which provide superior strength and flexural resistance compared with the conventional square lattice structure. Herein, the structure of E. aspergillum was investigated in detail, and by using the theory of elasticity, a lattice structure inspired by the biomimetic structure was proposed. The mechanical properties of the sponge-inspired lattice structure surpassed the sponge structure under a variety of loading conditions, and the excellent performance of this configuration was verified experimentally. The proposed lattice structure can greatly improve the mechanical properties of engineering structures, and it improves strength without much redundancy of material. This study achieved the first surpassing of the mechanical properties of an existing sponge-mimicking design. This design can be applied to lattice structures, truss systems, and metamaterial cells.
Mermin and Svetlichny inequalities for non-projective measurement observables
Authors: Asad Siddiqui Mohd , Sazim Sk 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The necessary and sufficient criteria for violating the Mermin and Svetlichny inequalities by arbitrary three-qubit states are presented. Several attempts have been made, earlier, to find such criteria, however, those extant criteria are neither tight for most of the instances, nor fully general. We generalize the existing criteria for Mermin and Svetlichny inequalities which are valid for the local projective measurement observables as well as for the arbitrary ones. We obtain the maximal achievable bounds of the Mermin and Svetlichny operators with unbiased measurement observables for arbitrary three-qubit states and with arbitrary observables for three-qubit states having maximally mixed marginals. We find that for certain ranges of measurement strengths, it is possible to violate Mermin and Svetlichny inequalities only by biased measurement observables. The necessary and sufficient criteria of violating any one of the six possible Mermin and Svetlichny inequalities are also derived.
Valuing the distant future under stochastic resettings: the effect on discounting
Authors: Montero Miquel , Perelló Josep , Masoliver Jaume 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effects of resetting mechanisms when valuing the future in economic terms through the discount function. Discounting is specially significant in addressing environmental problems and in evaluating the sense of urgency to act today to prevent or mitigate future losses due to climate change effects and other disasters. Poissonian resetting events can be seen in this context as a way to intervene the market, it modifies the discount function and it can facilitate a specific climate policy. We here obtain the exact expression of the discount function in Laplace space and attain the expression of the long-run interest rate, a crucial value in environmental economics and climate policy. Both quantities are obtained without assuming any model for the evolution of the market. Model specific results are achieved for diffusion processes and in particular for the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and Feller processes. The effect of Poissonian resetting events is non-trivial in these cases. The overall lesson we can learn from the obtained results is that effective policies to favor climate action should be resolute and frequent enough in time: the frequency of the interventions is critical for actually observing the desired consequences in the long-run interest rate.
Shellac-paper composite as a green substrate for printed electronics
Authors: Hussein Rahaf Nafez , Schlingman Kory , Noade Calum , Carmichael R Stephen , Carmichael Tricia Breen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Printed electronic (PE) devices that sense and communicate data will become ubiquitous as the Internet of things continues to grow. Devices that are low cost and disposable will revolutionize areas such as smart packaging, but a major challenge in this field is the reliance on plastic substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate. Plastics discarded in landfills degrade to form micro- and nanoplastics that are hazardous to humans, animals, and aquatic systems. Replacing plastics with paper substrates is a greener approach due to the biodegradability, recyclability, low cost, and compatibility with roll-to-roll printing. However, the porous microstructure of paper promotes the wicking of functional inks, which adversely affects printability and electrical performance. Furthermore, truly sustainable PE must support the separation of electronic materials, particularly metallic inks, from the paper substrate at the end of life. This important step is necessary to avoid contamination of recycled paper and/or waste streams and enable the recovery of electronic materials. Here, we describe the use of shellac—a green and sustainable material—as a multifunctional component of green, paper-based PE. Shellac is a cost-effective biopolymer widely used as a protective coating due to its beneficial properties (hardness, UV resistance, and high moisture- and gas-barrier properties); nonetheless, shellac has not been significantly explored in PE. We show that shellac has great potential in green PE by using it to coat paper substrates to create planarized, printable surfaces. At the end of life, shellac acts as a sacrificial layer. Immersing the printed device in methanol dissolves the shellac layer, enabling the separation of PE materials from the paper substrate.
Role and Mechanism of MicroRNA-7a-5p in Paraventricular Nucleus on Sympathetic Overactivity in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: An Mei-ling , Xu Jia-qi , Hao Yi-fan , Yuan Yue , Wang Xiu-wen , Zhang Min , Wei Xiao-wei , Li Hua , Wang Ren-jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
To investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA-7a-5p (miR-7a-5p) in paraventricular nucleus on sympathetic overactivity in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods
Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) overexpressing miR-7a-5p mimic, miR-7a-5p negative control (NC), antimiR-7a-5p, or NC of antimir-7a-5p treatment groups (n = 6 per group). In addition, WKY rats and SHR aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into rAAV overexpressing GABRA1, GABRA1 NC, GABRA1 shRNA, or NC of GABRA1 shRNA treatment groups (n = 6 per group). Four weeks later, hemodynamic parameters, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and plasma norepinephrine levels were observed.

Results
Four weeks after injection of rAAV into the paraventricular nucleus, overexpression of miR-7a-5p mimic increased RSNA and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in WKY and SHR (all P &lt; 0.05). The number of FosB positive neurons in paraventricular nucleus was significantly upregulated (all P &lt; 0.01) while the number of GABRA1 positive neurons in paraventricular nucleus was significantly downregulated (all P &lt; 0.01). Overexpression of GABRA1 in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus decreased RSNA and MAP in WKY and SHR (all P &lt; 0.05). Compared with WKY, the overexpression or knockdown of miR-7a-5p/GABRA1 had more significant effect on RSNA and MAP in SHR (all P &lt; 0.05). The expression of miR-7a-5p in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in SHR was significantly upregulated (P &lt; 0.01) while GABRA1 protein levels were significantly downregulated (P &lt; 0.01). miR-7a-5p mimic transfection in primary brain neurons or NG108 cells resulted in significant downregulation of GABRA1 protein expression. TargetScan prediction showed that there was sequence binding at the 3′UTR end of GABRA1 mRNA by miR-7a-5p. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-7a-5p can target GABRA1 gene.

Conclusions
miR-7a-5p in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus increases RSNA by inhibiting GABRA1 expression, and may contribute to the development of hypertension.
Telmisartan Reduces Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Pressure Overload Rats and Its Molecular Mechanism Based on Gene Sequencing
Authors: Yao Qing-hai , Li Xi-ming , You Bing-chen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
To assess the effects of telmisartan on susceptibility of atrial fibrillation (AF) in pressure overload rats, and to probe the underlying molecular mechanism and signal pathways.

Methods
Forty-nine 12-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation (n = 15), abdominal aorta coarctation (AAC, n = 17), and AAC with telmisartan treatment groups (n = 17). Telmisartan 10 mg/(kg d) was administered by gavage for 4 weeks after AAC. Four weeks after operation, the indexes of echocardiography, hemodynamics, and cardiac electrophysiology including left atrial conduction time (LACT) and interatrial conduction time (IACT) were assessed. The mRNAs were extracted from left atrial tissues and analyzed by next generation sequencing.

Results
Systolic left ventricular pressure, systolic aortic pressure, left atrial diameters, and interventricular septal thickness in AAC rats were higher than those in sham rats (all P &lt; 0.05), all of which were lowered by telmisartan treatment (all P &lt; 0.05). LACT and IACT were significantly increased in AAC rats and ameliorated by telmisartan treatment. In isolated perfused heart, duration of AF induced by burst electrical stimulation was longer in AAC rats, which was shortened by telmisartan treatment. A total of 897 genes were downregulated by AAC but upregulated by telmisartan treatment (down/up 897 gene set). Also, 1,542 genes were upregulated by AAC but downregulated by telmisartan treatment (up/down 1,542 gene set). Venn and GO enrichment analyses showed that 5 target genes in the down/up 897 gene set were the key rate limiting enzymes of fatty acid oxidation while 5 target genes in the up/down 1,542 gene set were involved in Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and type I and II collagen components.

Conclusions
Telmisartan lowers AF susceptibility via suppressing the left atrial enlargement and shortening atrial conduction time. Possible molecular mechanisms may be related to the improvement of fatty acid oxidation and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and collagen expression.
Development of an emergency medicine pharmacy intensity score tool
Authors: Weant Kyle A , Acquisto Nicole M , Doyno Cassandra R , Gregory Haili , Rech Megan A , Schlobohm Cory J , Smith Andrew P , Won Kimberly J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeEmergency medicine pharmacists (EMPs) have been demonstrated to have a positive impact on patient outcomes in a variety of clinical scenarios in the emergency department (ED), yet their distribution across the nation is suboptimal. An emergency medicine pharmacy intensity score tool (EMPIST) would not only facilitate the quantification of EMP staffing needs and ideal resource deployment times, but would also allow practitioners to triage patient care activities. The purpose of this investigation was to develop an EMPIST and evaluate its relationship to EMP activities.MethodsThis was a multicenter, prospective, observational analysis of an EMPIST developed by practicing EMPs. EMPs prospectively documented their clinical activities during usual care for patients in their ED. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was used to determine any correlation between the EMPIST and pharmacist activities.ResultsIn total, 970 EMP activities and 584 EMPIST items were documented in 352 patients by 7 EMPs across 7 different EDs. The most commonly documented EMP interventions performed were bedside monitoring (12.7%), initiation of nonantimicrobial therapy (12.6%), and antimicrobial therapy initiation and streamlining (10.6%). The total EMPIST was found to significantly correlate with EMP activities, and this correlation was consistent across both “diagnostic/presentation” and “medication” items (P &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons).ConclusionThe EMPIST significantly correlated with EMP activities, with consistent correlation across all subgroups. Its utilization has the potential to enhance bedside clinical practice and optimize the deployment of limited EMP services. Additional investigations are needed to examine the validity of this tool and identify any relationship it may have to patient outcomes.
Impact of long-course neoadjuvant radiation on postoperative low anterior resection syndrome and stoma status in rectal cancer: long-term functional follow-up of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: He Siqi , Zhang Jinquan , Wang Runxian , Li Li , Shi Lishuo , Ren Donglin , Wang Jianping , Deng Yanhong , Dou Ruoxu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant radiation has been increasingly associated with postoperative bowel dysfunction, including low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Although permanent stoma often results from severe bowel dysfunction and significantly impacts quality of life, the presence of stoma paradoxically excludes patients from functional follow-up. Hence, stoma status is rarely reported along with LARS, while assessment of both is essential for the comprehensive evaluation of bowel dysfunction in long-term survivors of rectal cancer.

Method
Patients enrolled into the Neoadjuvant FOLFOX6 Chemotherapy with or without Radiation in Rectal Cancer (FOWARC) multicentre randomized clinical trial were randomized to receive long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) or chemotherapy (nCT) followed by sphincter-saving proctectomy and longitudinal follow-up. The primary outcome of the trial was disease-free survival. LARS score and stoma status were assessed secondarily for postoperative bowel function in the largest single-centre cohort of the trial.

Results
Overall, 327 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were enrolled in the original trial and 203 responded after a median follow-up of 83.4 months, of whom 24 (11.8 per cent) had persistent stoma, and 48 patients (23.6 per cent) reported major LARS. Compared with the nCT group, the nCRT group reported more persistent stomas (16.5 per cent versus 4.9 per cent, P = 0.014), and more major LARS in patients without persistent stoma (34.7 per cent versus 16.7 per cent, P = 0.003). The combined prevalence of persistent stoma and major LARS was significantly higher in the nCRT group (45.5 per cent versus 20.7 per cent, P &lt; 0.001). Long-course neoadjuvant radiation (OR 2.20, 95 per cent c.i. 1.10 to 4.40, P = 0.027), height of anastomosis (OR 0.74, 95 per cent c.i. 0.61 to 0.91, P = 0.004), and anastomotic leak (OR 4.97, 95 per cent c.i. 2.24 to 11.05, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with persistent stoma and major LARS in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
More than one-third of patients receiving sphincter-saving proctectomy reported major LARS or persistent stoma at long-term follow-up. Long-course neoadjuvant radiation, low anastomosis, and postoperative leak are independent risk factors for persistent stoma and major LARS.
Unravelling the relationship between amyloid accumulation and brain network function in normal aging and very mild cognitive decline: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Moffat Gemma , Zhukovsky Peter , Coughlan Gillian , Voineskos Aristotle N 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPathological changes in the brain begin accumulating decades before the appearance of cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. The deposition of amyloid beta proteins and other neurotoxic changes occur, leading to disruption in functional connections between brain networks. Discrete characterization of the changes that take place in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease has the potential to help treatment development by targeting the neuropathological mechanisms to prevent cognitive decline and dementia from occurring entirely. Previous research has focused on the cross-sectional differences in the brains of patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls or has concentrated on the stages immediately preceding cognitive symptoms. The present study emphasizes the early preclinical phases of neurodegeneration. We use a longitudinal approach to examine the brain changes that take place during the early stages of cognitive decline in the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies-3 data set. Among 1098 participants, 274 passed the inclusion criteria (i.e. had at least two cognitive assessments and two amyloid scans). Over 90% of participants were healthy at baseline. Over 8–10 years, some participants progressed to very mild cognitive impairment (n = 48), while others stayed healthy (n = 226). Participants with cognitive decline show faster amyloid accumulation in the lateral temporal, motor and parts of the lateral prefrontal cortex. These changes in amyloid levels were linked to longitudinal increases in the functional connectivity of select networks, including default mode, frontoparietal and motor components. Our findings advance the understanding of amyloid staging and the corresponding changes in functional organization of large-scale brain networks during the progression of early preclinical Alzheimer’s disease.
Altered controllability of white matter networks and related brain function changes in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia
Authors: Tang Biqiu , Zhang Wenjing , Liu Jiang , Deng Shikuang , Hu Na , Li Siyi , Zhao Youjin , Liu Nian , Zeng Jiaxin , Cao Hengyi , Sweeney John A , Gong Qiyong , Gu Shi , Lui Su 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how structural connectivity alterations affect aberrant dynamic function using network control theory will provide new mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The study included 140 drug-naive schizophrenia patients and 119 healthy controls (HCs). The average controllability (AC) quantifying capacity of brain regions/networks to shift the system into easy-to-reach states was calculated based on white matter connectivity and was compared between patients and HCs as well as functional network topological and dynamic properties. The correlation analysis between AC and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) were conducted to characterize the controllability progression pattern without treatment effects. Relative to HCs, patients exhibited reduced AC in multiple nodes, mainly distributed in default mode network (DMN), visual network (VN), and subcortical regions, and increased AC in somatomotor network. These networks also had impaired functional topology and increased temporal variability in dynamic functional connectivity analysis. Longer DUP was related to greater reductions of AC in VN and DMN. The current study highlighted potential structural substrates underlying altered functional dynamics in schizophrenia, providing a novel understanding of the relationship of anatomic and functional network alterations.
Automatic Demirci–Selçuk Meet-In-The-Middle Attack On SIMON
Authors: Lv Yin , Shi Danping , Guo Yi , Chen Qiu , Hu Lei , Guo Zihui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Demirci–Selçuk meet-in-the-middle (DS-MITM) attack is an effective method for cryptanalysis. As far as we know, the published automatic results of DS-MITM attack are all for byte-oriented ciphers. In this article, we first propose the automatic analysis method of DS-MITM attack for bit-oriented ciphers based on constraint programming, which is integrated with key-bridging technique. Based on the automatic modeling method, we propose the first result of DS-MITM attack on SIMON, which is a family of lightweight block ciphers proposed by the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013.
Mitral intervention for anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: midterm outcomes
Authors: Zhang Wen , Hu Renjie , Jiang Qi , Zhu Hongbin , Qiu Lisheng , Dong Wei , Zhang Haibo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESAnomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is frequently associated with significant mitral regurgitation (MR). We aim to identify surgical outcomes in patients with or without concomitant mitral intervention.METHODSAll patients with ALCAPA who presented with &gt;mild degree of MR at our institution between January 2008 and June 2020 were included in the retrospective study. MR recovery was defined as ≤mild MR at the last follow-up.RESULTSThe study cohort included 101 patients. The median age at repair was 7.6 months. The concomitant mitral intervention was performed in 66 patients (65%). MR grade significantly improved at the last follow-up. The cumulative incidence of MR recovery 3 years after ALCAPA repair was 34% [95% confidence interval (CI), 19–50%) in patients with mitral intervention, compared to 59% (95% CI, 41–73%) in patients without mitral intervention (P = 0.050). MR grade on postoperative day 1 was the predictor for MR recovery in patients with mitral intervention (hazard ratio, 0.080; 95% CI, 0.018–0.366; P = 0.001), whereas preoperative mitral annulus diameter z-score was the predictor in patients without mitral intervention (hazard ratio, 0.480; 95% CI, 0.232–0.993; P = 0.048). Freedom from mitral reoperation in patients with mitral intervention was 94% and 88% at 3 and 5 years after surgery, while freedom from mitral reoperation in patients without mitral intervention was 100% at both timepoints (P = 0.177).CONCLUSIONSDespite significant MR improvement after ALCAPA repair, MR grade may not always return to normal regardless of the initial mitral management strategy, and reoperation for persistent MR is not rare.