bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REA: resource exergy analysis - Guidelines for evaluating and comparing energy systems
Authors: Jentsch Andrej 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Evaluating energy systems using resource exergy analysis (REA) is key to ensure that climate targets are reached in time.The reason for this effect is wastefulness. Wastefulness in otherwise GHG-free energy systems increases the amount of GHG-free energy supply required to cover a considered demand. That means that wastefullness leads to reduced availability of GHG-free energy converters for the rest of the energy system and overall fossil fuel use is increased.REA allows to assess wastefulness comprehensively and thus obtain a key indicator in addition to GHG emissions, that is grounded in science, namely resource exergy consumption.This publication provides guidelines to the application of resource exergy analysis (REA) with a focus on energy systems evaluation.REA is a well-tested application of exergy analysis to the field of technology comparison that can replace the less comprehensive primary energy analysis and reduce the risk of suboptimal decisions.
Representações sociais de futuros professores a respeito da questão indígena
Authors: Farias Luciana , Fichberg Ilana , Cyrino de Mello Forato Thaís , Zajac Silvana , Bragagnolo Cibele , Manfrini Morais Vatimo Michelle , Gaviria Kassama Paola Andrea , Possidonio Shirley , Rodrigues Juliane 
Published: May 2022

O desconhecimento a respeito da questão indígena ainda é grande por parte da maioria de professores da educação básica. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende contribuir com a discussão a respeito da educação para as relações étnico-raciais, com enfoque na questão indígena e a sua importância na formação inicial de professores. O estudo foi conduzido entre 112 estudantes universitários de uma disciplina cuja proposta interdisciplinar atende futuros professores de Biologia, Física, Matemática e Química. A pesquisa teve caráter misto exploratório, quantitativo e qualitativo. Como referenciais teóricos, adotaram-se as Representações Sociais, de Moscovici, e o Núcleo Central, de Abric. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se questionário estruturado e evocação livre de palavras. De forma geral, constatou[1]se que os estudantes chegam com uma representação social estereotipada e preconceituosa sobre a questão indígena e que o Núcleo Central da representação necessita de uma abordagem aprofundada para que se favoreça a modificação, evidenciando a importância de se abordar a temática no ensino superior de maneira a colaborar notadamente na ressignificação desses estereótipos.
O desconhecimento a respeito da questão indígena ainda é grande por parte da maioria de professores da educação básica. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende contribuir com a discussão a respeito da educação para as relações étnico-raciais, com enfoque na questão indígena e a sua importância na formação inicial de professores. O estudo foi conduzido entre 112 estudantes universitários de uma disciplina cuja proposta interdisciplinar atende futuros professores de Biologia, Física, Matemática e Química. A pesquisa teve caráter misto exploratório, quantitativo e qualitativo. Como referenciais teóricos, adotaram-se as Representações Sociais, de Moscovici, e o Núcleo Central, de Abric. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se questionário estruturado e evocação livre de palavras. De forma geral, constatou[1]se que os estudantes chegam com uma representação social estereotipada e preconceituosa sobre a questão indígena e que o Núcleo Central da representação necessita de uma abordagem aprofundada para que se favoreça a modificação, evidenciando a importância de se abordar a temática no ensino superior de maneira a colaborar notadamente na ressignificação desses estereótipos.
Thrombin Improves Diabetic Wound Healing by ERK-Dependent and Independent
Smad2/3 Linker Region Phosphorylation
Authors: Luo Gang , Wang Chongyang , Li Juehong , Zhang Xuancheng , Sun Ziyang , Song Sa , Fan Cunyi 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Impaired wound healing is one of the most noteworthy features and troublesome complications
of diabetes mellitus, which arouses a rising global health concern without potent remedies. Thrombin
is the major hemostatic agent applied at wound healing initiation and recently gained therapeutic credits in later
phases. However, a rare investigation achieved prolonged use of thrombin and probed the detailed mechanism.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanism of thrombin on diabetic skin
wound healing.

Methods:
The effect of thrombin on fibroblast proliferation, α-SMA, and Collagen I expression was firstly
studied in vitro by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and western blotting. Then, the specific phosphorylation site of
SMAD2/3 and their ERK1/2 dependence during thrombin treatment were assessed by western blotting for
mechanism exploration. After that, full-thickness wound defects were established in diabetic male SD rats and
treated with thrombin in the presence or absence of PD98059 to observe the in vivo effects of thrombin and to
confirm its ERK dependence.

Results:
We found that thrombin promoted fibroblast proliferation and their α-SMA and Collagen I production.
Mechanistically, thrombin induced phosphorylation of Smad2 linker region (Ser245/250/255) through ERK1/2
phosphorylation but promoted phosphorylation of Smad3 linker region (Ser204) independent of ERK1/2. Histological
results showed that thrombin facilitated wound healing by promoting α-SMA and Collagen I expression,
which was not abolished by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation.

Conclusion:
Collectively, this study validated the therapeutic efficacy of thrombin on diabetic wound healing
and identified both ERK-dependent and -independent Smad2/3 linker region phosphorylation as the essential
signaling events in this process.
Potential of Phytomolecules in Alliance with Nanotechnology to Surmount
the Limitations of Current Treatment Options in the Management of
Osteoarthritis
Authors: Madan Jitender , Mourya Atul , Shubhra  , Bajwa Neha , Baldi Ashish , Singh Kamalinder K , Pandey Manisha , Singh Shashi Bala 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disorder, progressively increases
with age. It is characterized by progressive loss of hyaline cartilage followed by subchondral
bone remodeling and inflammaging. To counteract the inflammation, synovium releases various inflammatory
and immune mediators along with metabolic intermediates, which further worsens the
condition. However, even after recognizing the key molecular and cellular factors involved in the progression
of OA, only disease-modifying therapies are available such as oral and topical NSAIDs, opioids,
SNRIs, etc., providing symptomatic treatment and functional improvement instead of suppressing
OA progression. Long-term use of these therapies leads to various life-threatening complications.
Interestingly, mother nature has numerous medicinal plants containing active phytochemicals that can
act on various targets involved in the development and progression of OA. Phytochemicals have been
used for millennia in traditional medicine and are promising alternatives to conventional drugs with a
lower rate of adverse events and efficiency frequently comparable to synthetic molecules. Nevertheless,
their mechanism of action in many cases is elusive and uncertain. Even though many in vitro and
in vivo studies show promising results, clinical evidence is scarce. Studies suggest that the presence of
carbonyl group in the 2nd position, chloro in the 6th and an electron- withdrawing group at the 7th position
exhibit enhanced COX-2 inhibition activity in OA. On the other hand, the presence of a double
bond at the C2-C3 position of C ring in flavonoids plays an important role in Nrf2 activation. Moreover,
with the advancements in the understanding of OA progression, SARs (structure-activity relationships)
of phytochemicals and integration with nanotechnology have provided great opportunities for
developing phytopharmaceuticals. Therefore, in the present review, we have discussed various promising
phytomolecules, SAR as well as their nano-based delivery systems for the treatment of OA to
motivate the future investigation of phytochemical-based drug therapy.
Assimilating Epigenetics and Transcriptomics for the Identification
of Prognostic Novel Biomarkers and Imminent Targets in
Colorectal Carcinoma with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), the foremost basis of malignancy-related death
worldwide, evolves due to the stepwise amassing of a succession of genetic and
epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic indicators are significant molecular hallmarks of
malignancy. They play a big role in disease pathogenesis and are involved in almost all
important cancer-related pathways. They can also be used as clinically useful cancer
biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting how well treatment will work.
Similarly, as gene changes in the malignant growth genome, a subset of driver genes
attempts to play a useful part in CRC. Advances in our understanding of abnormal
methylation in CRC have led to the development of epigenetic changes as diagnostic
and prognostic biomarkers, and role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic controllers.
Beforehand, mass transcriptomics analysis is used to group CRC based on its distinctive
molecular and clinicopathological features for prediction and patient analysis. The
development of single-cell transcriptomics flipped the script by making it possible to
evaluate the expression levels of particular neoplastic cells within a single tumor. Cell
motility, growth, development, proliferation, DNA replication, recombination, their
relationships with transcriptomics, and the CRC transcriptome analysis, have shown
improvements. Progress in the appraisal of epigenetic alterations in CRC and their
clinical applications has indicated that these changes will be ordinarily utilized as
molecular markers to coordinate the anticipation and treatment of CRC. Recent
improvements in our understanding of CRC and progress in genomics have led to the
discovery of a number of epigenetic changes that are strongly linked to both the start
and spread of cancer.
Thietanes and Derivatives thereof in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Francisco Karol R. , Ballatore Carlo 
Published: May 2022

:
Unlike the oxetane ring, which, as evidenced by numerous studies, is known to play an
increasingly important role in medicinal chemistry, the thietane ring has thus far received comparatively
limited attention. Nonetheless, a growing number of reports now indicate that this 4-
membered ring heterocycle may provide opportunities in analog design. In the present review article,
we discuss the possible use and utility of the thietane fragment in medicinal chemistry and provide
an overview of its properties and recent applications with a focus on isosteric replacements.
Antimicrobial Activity and Metabolite Fingerprinting of a Microcolonial
Fungal Isolate TD-082 from the Arid Thar Desert, India
Authors: Srivastava Nidhi , Gupta Shivangi , Bhatt Bhawna , Sharma Paresh , Ibeyaima Ahongshangbam , Sarethy Indira P. 
Published: May 2022

Aims::
This study aimed at bioprospecting underexplored extreme habitats (Thar desert, India)
for novel bio- and chemo-diversity.

Background::
Bioactive metabolites from microorganisms, such as fungi from underexplored habitats,
serve as basic skeletons of therapeutic agents, including antimicrobials, combating the effect of multidrug
resistance of pathogens.

Objectives::
The main objectives of the current study are (i) characterization of isolate TD-082 and (ii)
metabolite fingerprinting of butanol extract showing antimicrobial compounds.

Methods::
In search of novel antimicrobial drugs, a promising microcolonial fungus TD-082, obtained
from the Thar Desert, India, was identified by ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 sequencing. Phenotypic characteristics
were marked by microscopy. The fungus was investigated for antimicrobial activity against a panel of
Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Butanol extract that showed the best antimicrobial
activity was partially purified; fractions exhibiting antimicrobial activity were pooled and fingerprinted by
GC-MS analysis.

Results::
Sequencing data indicated that the isolate belonged to Aureobasidium sp. It showed 96% similarity
to Aureobasidium iranianum and Kabatiella bupleuri, and 95 % to A. thailandense and A. subglaciale.
Microscopy results confirmed that it belongs to Aurebasidium sp. Metabolite fingerprinting showed tentatively
ten novel compounds belonging to three major categories, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and peptides.

Conclusion::
The study shows that understudied habitats, such as deserts, can provide skeletons for novel
compounds from novel microorganisms. The study can be expanded to other niche habitats with higher
chances of identifying more novel bioactive compounds.
Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia Essential Oil Components as Novel Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform II and IX Inhibitors: Biological and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Karaçelik Ayça Aktaş , Özkat Gözde Yalçın 
Published: May 2022

Background:Medicinal plant oils are used in the treatment of various human diseases due to their phytochemical components. Recently, enzyme inhibition studies have been increasing in cosmetics, the food industry, and especially pharmaceuticals.Objective:The main goal of this study is to focus on a specific interaction between the essential oil components of Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia and carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme in vitro and in silico.Methods:The chemical composition of the essential oil was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The CA inhibitory activity of M. longifolia essential oil was investigated by using esterase activity for the first time in this study. Molecular docking was performed separately for two different CA isoforms (CA-II and CA-IX).Results:Among fourteen components identified, piperitone (27.14%), 2-acetylcyclopentanone (21.05%), p-menthan-3-one (13.90%), menthan (6.60%), and piperitone oxide (6.52%) were defined as the major compounds. The essential oil showed remarkable inhibitory activity against CA with an IC50 value of 0.010 mg/mL. According to the molecular docking analysis, caryophyllene oxide (-6.5 kcal/mol for CAIX isoform, -6.8 kcal/mol for CA-II isoform) and trans-caryophyllene (-6.3 kcal/mol for CA-IX isoform, - 6.7 kcal/mol for CA-II isoform) molecules showed the best inhibitory activity in two different CA isoforms. In this study, it was determined that all molecules are bioavailable by ADMET analyses.Conclusion:The results of this study are valuable for the development of natural and new CA enzyme inhibitors without side effects in the treatment of diseases, such as glaucoma, obesity, and epilepsy.
Novel Drugs for Diabetes Also Have Dramatic Benefits on Hard Outcomes
of Heart and Kidney Disease
Authors: Chan Michael C.Y. , Chan Jonathan C.H. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Diabetes is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Patients
with both diabetes and cardiovascular disease have even higher mortality. The convergence
of cardiology and diabetology therapy is an important step in treating patients and advancing research.

Results:
Major landmark trials and meta-analyses involving Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors
have shown dramatic clinical cardiorenal benefits in patients both with and without type 2
diabetes. In type 2 diabetes patients, Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have been shown to
improve major cardiac outcomes.

Conclusion:
This hot topic of research and clinical use of glucose lowering drugs intersects the
fields of cardiovascular, renal, and diabetic medicine. The numerous cardiorenal benefits have led
to the rapid adoption in clinical guidelines of these glucose lowering drugs in patients with Type 2
diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or renal disease.
Molecular Docking, In vitro Antioxidant, and In vivo Hepatoprotective
Activity of Methanolic Extract of Calotropis gigantea leaves in Carbon
Tetrachloride-induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Bairagi Shripad , Ghule Prashant , Gilhotra Ritu 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae), a wildly growing plant, has several purported
therapeutic characteristics and treats toothache and earache, sprains, anxiety, pain, epilepsy, and
mental disorders.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo
hepatoprotective capabilities of a methanolic extract of Calotropis gigantea leaves (CGL) against
carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats.

Methods:
The Sprague Dawley rats (180-250 g) were used for the current study. The hepatoprotective
activity of CGL was determined by estimating the different biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT,
ALP, bilirubin, and in vivo antioxidant parameters like LPO, GSH, SOD, and CAT in different animal
groups. We have also investigated the inhibitory potential of some significant chemical constituents of
CGL on CYP2E1 through molecular docking.

Results:
In vivo hepatoprotective studies indicate that the CGL extract administration caused a significant
reduction [at 200 mg, SGOT (110.16 IU/L), SGPT (101.33 IU/L), ALP (186.66 IU/L), bilirubin
(1.1 mg/dl), and LPO (6.933 M/mg protein)] and elevation [GSH (14.051 M/mg protein), SOD
(257.5%), and CAT (15.975 μM)] in enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner. Unfortunately, CGL
extract has not shown a more potent activity than the standard drug Silymarin. All the phytoconstituents
have shown potent binding affinity with CYP2E1 compared to the native ligand. Amongst all the phytoconstituents,
Medioresinol was the most active and potent molecule that has developed compelling interactions
with CYP2E1.

Conclusion:
From free radical scavenging activity, it was concluded that CGL extract exerts more
scavenging activity than ascorbic acid, which indicates a high level of polyphenols and tocopherols and
also exhibited in vivo hepatoprotective activity. From the molecular docking, it has been concluded
that Calotropis gigantea can potentially inhibit CYP2E1 and prevent the generation of free radicals,
which will ultimately reduce oxidative stress and associated diseases.
An Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network Technique for Coronavirus-based Bio-nano Communication Systems
Authors: Alzaidi Mohammed S. , Alshammri Ghalib H. , Al Noufaey K. S. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
At the end of December 2019, a case of pneumonia of unknown cause
was reported in Wuhan, China. A new coronavirus was then identified as the leading cause of
this controversial pneumonia, changing how people worldwide live. Although science has
achieved significant advances in COVID-19 during the last two years, the world must do much
more to prepare for the emergence and development of viruses that may spread rapidly.

Methods:
This COVID-19 research project proposes a diagnosis component, an adaptive fuzzy
neural network technique, serving as a virus-based bio-nano communication network system that
can understand the behavior of the biological and nonbiological processes of COVID-19 virusbased
disease diagnosis and detect the pandemic at the early stage. The proposed method also
integrates multiple new communication technologies, allowing doctors to monitor and test patients
remotely.

Results:
As an outcome of this technique, the receiver biological nanomachines can adjust the
1/0-bit detection threshold according to the viruses previously encountered. This adjustment
contributes to the resolution of the intersymbol interference issue caused by residual particles
that arrive at the receiver owing to previous bit transmission and reception noise. Diffusionbased
coronavirus nanonetwork systems are evaluated using MATLAB simulations that consider
each detection strategy’s most crucial characteristics of the communication system environment.
The proposed technique’s performance is evaluated in the presence of different noisy channel
sources, which demonstrate a significant increase in uncoded bit error rate performance when
compared to the previous threshold detection systems.

Conclusion:
Thus, diffusion-based coronavirus nanonetwork systems can be the future tool to
investigate the existence of a specific type of virus that spreads through lung cells in the respiratory
system.
Protective Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Central Nervous
System Injury in Heat Stroke
Authors: Yuan Rui , Wang Lu , Deng Zi-Hui , Yang Meng-Meng , Zhao Yan , Hu Jie , Zhang Yu , Li Yun , Liu Meng , Liu Shi-Fei , Zhou Fei-Hu , Hanyu-Zhu  , Kang Hong-Jun 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Heatstroke (HS) is a serious disease caused by central nervous system (CNS)
injuries, such as delirium, convulsion, and coma. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have
demonstrated novel neuroprotective effects; therefore, this research explores the neuroprotective effects
and mechanisms of MSCs against HS injury.

Methods:
HS rat models were induced in a 40°C and 65% humidity environment until the rectal temperature
reached 42°C. The verified HS injury model rats were divided into the HS and MSCs-treated groups.
Each rat in the treated group was infused with 1x106 MSCs suspended in 0.3 ml physiological saline via
the tail vein. The HS- or MSCs-treated rats were further divided into early-stage (3d) and late-stage (28d).
HS rat models were induced by a high-temperature and high-humidity environment at a specific time, the
mortality was analyzed, and an automatic biochemical analyzer measured levels of liver and kidney function
indicators in the blood. The neurons' morphologic changes were observed through Nissl staining, and
neurological deficit scores were performed. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory factors in brain tissue
were measured using a multi-cytokine detection platform, and the expression of BDNF, phosphorylated
TrkB and P38 were detected by the Western Bolt.

Results:
MSCs injection significantly reduced mortality and alleviated liver and kidney function. Moreover,
the neurological deficit and neuronic edema of the hippocampus caused by HS at 3d and 28d were
significantly ameliorated by MSCs administration. Specifically, the injection of MSCs inhibited high
levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-17A caused by HS but elevated
the levels of IL-10 and IL-13 in the early period (3d); while in the later period (28d), MSCs significantly
increased the levels of IL-10 and IL-13 continuously and inhibited the high level of IL-17A. Furthermore,
MSCs injection increased the expressions of BDNF and phosphorylated TrkB (BDNF receptor),
meanwhile inhibiting the expression of phosphorylated P38 (inflammatory factor) in the brains of HS
rats in the early period (3d) but had no significant influence on the later period (28d).

Conclusions:
These results suggested that MSCs injection may provide therapeutic effects for HS in rats
by improving liver and kidney function and reducing CNS damage. Moreover, MSCs injection inhibited
the brain inflammatory response of HS rats, and the BDNF-TrkB and P38/MAPK signal pathways may be
involved, providing a potential mechanism for HS therapy by MSCs administration.