bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Field‐Aligned Current and Radial Current Estimates at Low and Middle Latitudes Deduced by the Swarm Dual‐Spacecraft
Authors: Wang Fengjue , Lühr Hermann , Xiong Chao , Zhou Yunliang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIonospheric currents have widely been investigated by using magnetic measurements from low‐Earth orbiting satellites. However, the assumptions of deriving currents from the magnetic measurements have not always been well considered. In this study we performed a detailed analysis of the ionospheric radial current (IRC) and inter‐hemispheric field‐aligned current (IHFAC) estimates at equatorial and low latitudes derived from the single‐satellite and dual‐spacecraft (dual‐SC) approaches of European Space Agency (ESA's) Swarm constellation. Data considered cover a 5‐year period, from 17 April 2014 to 16 April 2019. We found for most of the cases, the IRCs and IHFACs derived from both approaches show consistent latitudinal profiles. However, there are several cases with discrepancy exceeding 5 nA/m2 between two approaches. On average, the diurnal variations of IHFACs from both approaches agree well with each other for all seasons. But the amplitudes of single‐satellite results reach only about 70% of those from the dual‐SC. This difference is attributed to the fact that only the magnetic field By component is utilized in the single‐satellite approach, while both Bx and By components are considered in the dual‐SC approach. Above the magnetic equator, the IRCs derived from single‐satellite approach show clear tidal signatures, while such signature cannot be found in the IRCs from dual‐SC approach. We interpret these tidal‐signature of IRCs as spurious results, caused by equatorial electrojet contributions to the ∆By component. The dual‐SC derived IRCs show notable differences between ascending and descending orbits. Such differences might be due to a violation of the assumed perfect calibration of Swarm A and C. We suggest a systematic spacecraft‐fixed bias in the along‐track magnetic field component (Bx) between Swarm A and C. By interpreting the IRC differences, we obtain bias values of ∆Bx reaching 1 nT. Our results reveal that ionospheric currents are better characterized by the dual‐SC approach. But comparison with single‐satellite current estimates can help to identify weakness.
Circulation Patterns and Associated Rainfall Over South Tropical South America: GCMs Evaluation During the Dry‐To‐Wet Transition Season
Authors: Olmo M. E. , Espinoza J.‐C. , Bettolli M. L. , Sierra J. P. , Junquas C. , Arias P. A. , Moron V. , Balmaceda‐Huarte R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe representation of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) by general circulation models (GCMs) is of key relevance for a better understanding of the physical rationale behind the recent climate changes over South Tropical South America (STSA) and their expected changes in a global warming scenario. During the last four decades, STSA experienced a lengthening of the dry season associated with diverse forcings. In this work, a set of 16 GCMs historical Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 coupled simulations were evaluated during 1979–2014 in terms of how well they reproduced the atmospheric circulation over STSA through a circulation‐patterns (CPs) approach. Nine CPs were first identified based on low‐level winds from the ERA5 reanalysis. Focus was put on the representation of CPs during the dry‐to‐wet transition season (July‐October). Model performance depended on the seasonal cycle and spatial structure of the CPs. GCMs adequately reproduced the different CPs, with lower skills in the transition seasons. GCMs tended to go from dry to wet conditions too quickly, evidencing deficiencies in the representation of the SAMS onset, related to a poor representation of the southerly wind intrusions to STSA and the variability of the South American low‐level jet. Some GCMs were able to associate the occurrence of anomalous dry and wet years with specific CPs, suggesting well‐represented physical mechanisms controlling precipitation variability. This study could identify a few GCMs that adequately simulated the CPs in STSA (among them, CESM2, CMCC‐CM2‐HR4 and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR), which is relevant for driving high‐resolution models and the analysis of future projections.
Past to Present: An Update to the Aims and Scope of JGR: Biogeosciences
Authors: Xenopoulos Marguerite A. , Desai Ankur R. , Huntzinger Deborah 
Published: June 2022

Plain Language SummaryThe Journal of Geophysical Research‐Biogeosciences focuses on the interactions between biology, hydrology, geology, chemistry, and physics within the Earth system. Here, we are presenting a brief early history of the journal and evolution of the topics and papers published over the past 20 years. We present an updated aims and scope which now explicitly considers method and data articles.
Eocene to Quaternary Deformation of the Southern Puna Plateau: Thermochronology, Geochronology, and Structural Geology of an Andean Hinterland Basin (NW Argentina)
Authors: McMillan Mitchell , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Tye Alexander , McMillan Malcolm F. , Zhou Renjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCordilleran orogens are complex tectonic systems, strongly influenced by lithospheric deformation and exhumation. However, in the type region of the Central Andes, the timing and mechanisms of deformation and mountain building remain poorly constrained, especially for the high‐elevation Puna Plateau of NW Argentina. We use geologic mapping, structural cross‐sections, low‐temperature thermochronology, and U‐Pb dating of ash and detrital zircons to elucidate the history and style of orogenic deformation in the Antofalla region of the Puna Plateau. Cooling ages of major reverse fault hanging walls and dated growth strata indicate that crustal shortening activated major reverse faults during the Eocene and continued out‐of‐sequence through the Early Miocene. This protracted period of shortening, which resulted in the filling of the Antofalla Basin, was followed by a transient episode of upper‐crustal E‐W extension on a major normal fault system during the Late Miocene. Pliocene to Quaternary time saw E‐W shortening return to the region. Our structural cross‐section permits only a low magnitude of shortening (∼15–25%), which stands in contrast to the 60‐km thick crust. Triassic to Cretaceous cooling ages from footwall rocks and minor structures indicate that the entire region experienced little exhumation or sedimentation during the Mesozoic, perhaps retaining a crust thickened during multiple episodes of Paleozoic orogenesis. The crust may also reflect lower‐crustal thickening due to the growth of a lithospheric drip during the Late Miocene.
Integrated hybrid sensing and microenergy for compact active microsystems
Authors: Deng Hai-Tao , Wang Zhi-Yong , Wang Yi-Lin , Wen Dan-Liang , Zhang Xiao-Sheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWearable electronics, as essential components of the Internet of Things (IoT), have attracted widespread attention, and the trend is to configure attractive wearable smart microsystems by integrating sensing, powering, and other functions. Herein, we developed an elastic hybrid triboelectric–electromagnetic microenergy harvester (named EHTE) to realize hybrid sensing and microenergy simultaneously. This EHTE is a highly integrated triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic nanogenerator (EMG). Based on the triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid mechanism, an enhanced electrical output of the EHTE was achieved successfully, which demonstrates the feasibility of the EHTE for microelectronics powering. Moreover, with the merits of the EMG, the developed hybrid microenergy harvester integrated both active frequency sensing and passive inductive sensing capabilities. Specifically, the almost linear correlation of the electromagnetic outputs to the frequencies of the external stimulus endowed the proposed EHTE with an outstanding active frequency sensing ability. In addition, due to the unique structural configuration of the EMG (i.e., a conductive permanent magnet (PM), hybrid deformation layer, and flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) coil), an opportunity was provided for the developed EHTE to serve as a passive inductive sensor based on the eddy current effect (i.e., a form of electromagnetic induction). Therefore, the developed EHTE successfully achieved the integration of hybrid sensing (i.e., active frequency sensing and passive inductive sensing) and microenergy (i.e., the combination of electromagnetic effect and triboelectric effect) within a single device, which demonstrates the potential of this newly developed EHTE for wearable electronic applications, especially in applications of compact active microsystems.
Deleterious effects of nervous system in the offspring following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Ruting , Wu Zifeng , Huang Chaoli , Hashimoto Kenji , Yang Ling , Yang Chun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is universally susceptible to all types of populations. In addition to the elderly and children becoming the groups of great concern, pregnant women carrying new lives need to be even more alert to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies have shown that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to brain damage and post-birth psychiatric disorders in offspring. It has been widely recognized that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the development of the fetal nervous system directly or indirectly. Pregnant women are recommended to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on the fetus through vaccination, nutritional supplements, and psychological support. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms of the nervous system effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on their offspring during the pregnancy and analyzes the available prophylactic and treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of fetal-related neuropsychiatric diseases after birth.
Reduced nucleus accumbens functional connectivity in reward network and default mode network in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder
Authors: Ding Yu-Dan , Chen Xiao , Chen Zuo-Bing , Li Le , Li Xue-Ying , Castellanos Francisco Xavier , Bai Tong-Jian , Bo Qi-Jing , Cao Jun , Chang Zhi-Kai , Chen Guan-Mao , Chen Ning-Xuan , Chen Wei , Cheng Chang , Cheng Yu-Qi , Cui Xi-Long , Duan Jia , Fang Yi-Ru , Gong Qi-Yong , Hou Zheng-Hua , Hu Lan , Kuang Li , Li Feng , Li Hui-Xian , Li Kai-Ming , Li Tao , Liu Yan-Song , Liu Zhe-Ning , Long Yi-Cheng , Lu Bin , Luo Qing-Hua , Meng Hua-Qing , Peng Dai-Hui , Qiu Hai-Tang , Qiu Jiang , Shen Yue-Di , Shi Yu-Shu , Si Tian-Mei , Tang Yan-Qing , Wang Chuan-Yue , Wang Fei , Wang Kai , Wang Li , Wang Xiang , Wang Ying , Wang Yu-Wei , Wu Xiao-Ping , Wu Xin-Ran , Xie Chun-Ming , Xie Guang-Rong , Xie Hai-Yan , Xie Peng , Xu Xiu-Feng , Yang Hong , Yang Jian , Yao Jia-Shu , Yao Shu-Qiao , Yin Ying-Ying , Yuan Yong-Gui , Zang Yu-Feng , Zhang Ai-Xia , Zhang Hong , Zhang Ke-Rang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Zhao Jing-Ping , Zhou Ru-Bai , Zhou Yi-Ting , Zhu Jun-Juan , Zhu Zhi-Chen , Zou Chao-Jie , Zuo Xi-Nian , Yan Chao-Gan , Guo Wen-Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is considered a hub of reward processing and a growing body of evidence has suggested its crucial role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, inconsistent results have been reported by studies on reward network-focused resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). In this study, we examined functional alterations of the NAc-based reward circuits in patients with MDD via meta- and mega-analysis. First, we performed a coordinated-based meta-analysis with a new SDM-PSI method for all up-to-date rs-fMRI studies that focused on the reward circuits of patients with MDD. Then, we tested the meta-analysis results in the REST-meta-MDD database which provided anonymous rs-fMRI data from 186 recurrent MDDs and 465 healthy controls. Decreased functional connectivity (FC) within the reward system in patients with recurrent MDD was the most robust finding in this study. We also found disrupted NAc FCs in the DMN in patients with recurrent MDD compared with healthy controls. Specifically, the combination of disrupted NAc FCs within the reward network could discriminate patients with recurrent MDD from healthy controls with an optimal accuracy of 74.7%. This study confirmed the critical role of decreased FC in the reward network in the neuropathology of MDD. Disrupted inter-network connectivity between the reward network and DMN may also have contributed to the neural mechanisms of MDD. These abnormalities have potential to serve as brain-based biomarkers for individual diagnosis to differentiate patients with recurrent MDD from healthy controls.
Rare CACNA1H and RELN variants interact through mTORC1 pathway in oligogenic autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Teles e Silva André Luíz , Glaser Talita , Griesi-Oliveira Karina , Corrêa-Velloso Juliana , Wang Jaqueline Yu Ting , da Silva Campos Gabriele , Ulrich Henning , Balan Andrea , Zarrei Mehdi , Higginbotham Edward J. , Scherer Stephen W. , Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Sertié Andrea Laurato 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOligogenic inheritance of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been supported by several studies. However, little is known about how the risk variants interact and converge on causative neurobiological pathways. We identified in an ASD proband deleterious compound heterozygous missense variants in the Reelin (RELN) gene, and ade novosplicing variant in the Cav3.2 calcium channel (CACNA1H) gene. Here, by using iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and a heterologous expression system, we show that the variant in Cav3.2 leads to increased calcium influx into cells, which overactivates mTORC1 pathway and, consequently, further exacerbates the impairment of Reelin signaling. Also, we show that Cav3.2/mTORC1 overactivation induces proliferation of NPCs and that both mutant Cav3.2 and Reelin cause abnormal migration of these cells. Finally, analysis of the sequencing data from two ASD cohorts—a Brazilian cohort of 861 samples, 291 with ASD; the MSSNG cohort of 11,181 samples, 5,102 with ASD—revealed that the co-occurrence of risk variants in both alleles of Reelin pathway genes and in one allele of calcium channel genes confer significant liability for ASD. Our results support the notion that genes with co-occurring deleterious variants tend to have interconnected pathways underlying oligogenic forms of ASD.
Metabolic disturbances, hemoglobin A1c, and social cognition impairment in Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Tang Sunny X. , Oliver Lindsay D. , Hänsel Katrin , DeRosse Pamela , John Majnu , Khairullah Ammar , Gold James M. , Buchanan Robert W. , Voineskos Aristotle , Malhotra Anil K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial cognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and are associated with greater functional impairment and decreased quality of life. Metabolic disturbances have been related to greater impairment in general neurocognition, but their relationship to social cognition has not been previously reported. In this study, metabolic measures and social cognition were assessed in 245 participants with SSD and 165 healthy comparison subjects (HC), excluding those with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 6.5%. Tasks assessed emotion processing, theory of mind, and social perception. Functional connectivity within and between social cognitive networks was measured during a naturalistic social task. Among SSD, a significant inverse relationship was found between social cognition and cumulative metabolic burden (β = −0.38,p < 0.001) and HbA1c (β = −0.37,p < 0.001). The relationship between social cognition and HbA1c was robust across domains and measures of social cognition and after accounting for age, sex, race, non-social neurocognition, hospitalization, and treatment with different antipsychotic medications. Negative connectivity between affect sharing and motor resonance networks was a partial mediator of this relationship across SSD and HC groups (β = −0.05,p = 0.008). There was a group x HbA1c effect indicating that SSD participants were more adversely affected by increasing HbA1c. Thus, we provide the first report of a robust relationship in SSD between social cognition and abnormal glucose metabolism. If replicated and found to be causal, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose may present as promising targets for improving social cognition, functional outcomes, and quality of life in SSD.
The LCK-14-3-3ζ-TRPM8 axis regulates TRPM8 function/assembly and promotes pancreatic cancer malignancy
Authors: Huang Yuan , Li Shi , Liu Qinfeng , Wang Zhijie , Li Shunyao , Liu Lei , Zhao Weiwei , Wang Kai , Zhang Rui , Wang Longfei , Wang Ming , William Ali Declan , Michalak Marek , Chen Xing-Zhen , Zhou Cefan , Tang Jingfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTransient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) functions as a Ca2+-permeable channel in the plasma membrane (PM). Dysfunction of TRPM8 is associated with human pancreatic cancer and several other diseases in clinical patients, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we found that lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) directly interacts with TRPM8 and potentiates TRPM8 phosphorylation at Y1022. LCK positively regulated channel function characterized by increased TRPM8 current densities by enhancing TRPM8 multimerization. Furthermore, 14-3-3ζ interacted with TRPM8 and positively modulated channel multimerization. LCK significantly enhanced the binding of 14-3-3ζ and TRPM8, whereas mutant TRPM8-Y1022F impaired TRPM8 multimerization and the binding of TRPM8 and 14-3-3ζ. Knockdown of 14-3-3ζ impaired the regulation of TRPM8 multimerization by LCK. In addition, TRPM8 phosphotyrosine at Y1022 feedback regulated LCK activity by inhibiting Tyr505 phosphorylation and modulating LCK ubiquitination. Finally, we revealed the importance of TRPM8 phosphorylation at Y1022 in the proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that the LCK-14-3-3ζ-TRPM8 axis for regulates TRPM8 assembly, channel function, and LCK activity and maybe provide potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
Interactions between EGFR and EphA2 promote tumorigenesis through the action of Ephexin1
Authors: Kim Jeeho , Chang In-Youb , You Ho Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe cell signaling factors EGFR, EphA2, and Ephexin1 are associated with lung and colorectal cancer and play an important role in tumorigenesis. Although the respective functional roles of EGFR and EphA2 are well known, interactions between these proteins and a functional role for the complex is not understood. Here, we showed that Ephexin1, EphA2, and EGFR are each expressed at higher levels in lung and colorectal cancer patient tissues, and binding of EGFR to EphA2 was associated with both increased tumor grade and metastatic cases in both cancer types. Treatment with Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) induced binding of the RR domain of EGFR to the kinase domain of EphA2, and this binding was promoted by Ephexin1. Additionally, the AKT-mediated phosphorylation of EphA2 (at Ser897) promoted interactions with EGFR, pointing to the importance of this pathway. Two mutations in EGFR, L858R and T790M, that are frequently observed in lung cancer patients, promoted binding to EphA2, and this binding was dependent on Ephexin1. Our results indicate that the formation of a complex between EGFR, EphA2, and Ephexin1 plays an important role in lung and colorectal cancers, and that inhibition of this complex may be an effective target for cancer therapy.
Coupling of growth rate and developmental tempo reduces body size heterogeneity in C. elegans
Authors: Stojanovski Klement , Großhans Helge , Towbin Benjamin D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimals increase by orders of magnitude in volume during development. Therefore, small variations in growth rates among individuals could amplify to a large heterogeneity in size. By live imaging of C. elegans, we show that amplification of size heterogeneity is prevented by an inverse coupling of the volume growth rate to the duration of larval stages and does not involve strict size thresholds for larval moulting. We perturb this coupling by changing the developmental tempo through manipulation of a transcriptional oscillator that controls the duration of larval development. As predicted by a mathematical model, this perturbation alters the body volume. Model analysis shows that an inverse relation between the period length and the growth rate is an intrinsic property of genetic oscillators and can occur independently of additional complex regulation. This property of genetic oscillators suggests a parsimonious mechanism that counteracts the amplification of size differences among individuals during development.
Inhibition of type 1 immunity with tofacitinib is associated with marked improvement in longstanding sarcoidosis
Authors: Damsky William , Wang Alice , Kim Daniel J. , Young Bryan D. , Singh Katelyn , Murphy Michael J. , Daccache Joseph , Clark Abigale , Ayasun Ruveyda , Ryu Changwan , McGeary Meaghan K. , Odell Ian D. , Fazzone-Chettiar Ramesh , Pucar Darko , Homer Robert , Gulati Mridu , Miller Edward J. , Bosenberg Marcus , Flavell Richard A. , King Brett 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSarcoidosis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder that is commonly treated with glucocorticoids. An imprecise understanding of the immunologic changes underlying sarcoidosis has limited therapeutic progress. Here in this open-label trial (NCT03910543), 10 patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis are treated with tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor. The primary outcome is the change in the cutaneous sarcoidosis activity and morphology instrument (CSAMI) activity score after 6 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes included change in internal organ involvement, molecular parameters, and safety. All patients experience improvement in their skin with 6 patients showing a complete response. Improvement in internal organ involvement is also observed. CD4+ T cell-derived IFN-γ is identified as a central cytokine mediator of macrophage activation in sarcoidosis. Additional type 1 cytokines produced by distinct cell types, including IL-6, IL-12, IL-15 and GM-CSF, also associate with pathogenesis. Suppression of the activity of these cytokines, especially IFN-γ, correlates with clinical improvement. Our results thus show that tofacitinib treatment is associated with improved sarcoidosis symptoms, and predominantly acts by inhibiting type 1 immunity.
The piston Riemann problem in a photon superfluid
Authors: Bendahmane Abdelkrim , Xu Gang , Conforti Matteo , Kudlinski Alexandre , Mussot Arnaud , Trillo Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLight flow in nonlinear media can exhibit quantum hydrodynamical features which are profoundly different from those of classical fluids. Here, we show that a rather extreme regime of quantum hydrodynamics can be accessed by exploring the piston problem (a paradigm in gas dynamics) for light, and its generalization, named after the celebrated mathematician Riemann, where the piston acts on a concomitant abrupt change of photon density. Our experiment reveals regimes featuring optical rarefaction (retracting piston) or shock (pushing piston) wave pairs, and most importantly the transition to a peculiar type of flow, occurring above a precise critical piston velocity, where the light shocks are smoothly interconnected by a large contrast, periodic, fully nonlinear wave. The transition to such extreme hydrodynamic state is generic for superfluids, but to date remained elusive to any other quantum fluid system. Our full-fiber setup used to observe this phenomenon in temporal domain proves to be a versatile alternative to other platforms currently employed to investigate the hydrodynamical properties of quantum fluids of light.