bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer screening and diagnosis rates: A rapid review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ng Jay Shen , Hamilton Daniel G. 
Published: May 2022

Objective The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused an indefinite delay to cancer screening programs worldwide. This study aims to explore the impact on breast cancer screening outcomes such as mammography and diagnosis rates. Methods We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, medRxiv and bioRxiv between January 2020 to October 2021 to identify studies that reported on the rates of screening mammography and breast cancer diagnosis before and during the pandemic. The effects of ‘lockdown’ measures, age and ethnicity on outcomes were also examined. All studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Rate ratios were calculated for all outcomes and pooled using standard inverse-variance random effects meta-analysis. Results We identified 994 articles, of which 7 registry-based and 24 non-registry-based retrospective cohort studies, including data on 4,860,786 and 629,823 patients respectively across 18 different countries, were identified. Overall, breast cancer screening and diagnosis rates dropped by an estimated 41–53% and 18–29% respectively between 2019 and 2020. No differences in mammogram screening rates depending on patient age or ethnicity were observed. However, countries that implemented lockdown measures were associated with a significantly greater reduction in mammogram and diagnosis rates between 2019 and 2020 in comparison to those that did not. Conclusion The pandemic has caused a substantial reduction in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer, with reductions more pronounced in countries under lockdown restrictions. It is early yet to know if delayed screening during the pandemic translates into higher breast cancer mortality.
Prioritising a culturally safe e-Mental Health research agenda in Aotearoa New Zealand: A sector survey report
Authors: Rahman Juma , Cheung Gary , Lyndon Mataroria P , Lawrence Mark , Ma’u Etuini , Chen Yan , Ramalho Rodrigo 
Published: May 2022

Objective To collect mental health and addiction service providers’ opinions about priorities for an e-Mental Health (eMH) research agenda focused on delivering culturally safe eMH in Aotearoa New Zealand. Method Service providers were recruited to participate in an anonymous online survey, which asked participants to rate the importance of potential research domains and items on a continuous scale from 1 to 10. The mean values of each item were normalised to develop a priority index. Results 48 participants rated at least one of the listed research items. The highest-rated items were (i) identifying strategies to improve access; co-developing eMH with the community (ii) a set of competencies required for delivering culturally safe care, (iii) a set of meaningful clinical outcomes that can be achieved via eMH, (iv) guidelines for the delivery of eMH services and (v) investigating the extent to which eMH could meet the mental health needs of these communities. ‘Standards and guidelines’ was the domain with the highest priority index. Conclusions Mental health and addiction service providers in Aotearoa New Zealand prioritised an eMH research agenda that is focused on pro-equity outcomes and incorporating the voices and experiences of the communities they seek to serve.
Specialised psychiatric beds and 24-hour residential care in Australia 2018–2019 – Comparative analysis and commentary according to international benchmarking
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: May 2022

Objective A commentary on Australian specialised private and public psychiatric acute and non-acute inpatient care, and 24-hour-staffed community residential care with regard to international benchmarks. Method Descriptive analysis of specialised psychiatric beds from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) with the WHO Mental Health Atlas 2020, and an international Delphi consensus on optimal and minimal psychiatric beds per capita. Results Australian private sector beds have shown a 3.8% annual growth rate from 2014–15 to 2018–19, in contrast to relatively static public sector bed numbers. Australia’s national combined public and private psychiatric bed number (hospital acute and non-acute, and 24-hour-staffed community residential) of 48.8 per 100,000 population is lower than the WHO European (100.6) and World Bank High Income (69.2) medians, due to fewer community residential and non-acute beds. Australia’s 40.9 general and stand-alone psychiatric beds per 100,000 are below the Delphi consensus optimal level of 60 beds per 100,000, but above the bed shortage threshold (30 per 100,000). Conclusions Rising bed numbers in private hospitals have contributed to Australian psychiatric inpatient capacity, although the level remains below comparable international medians. Recent initiatives to increase psychiatric bed numbers may signal a policy shift in the public sector, complementary to private and community care.
Low-frequency vibration control of two flexible appendages using a joint with actively tunable stiffness
Authors: Hu Wei , Wu Jianming , Zhu Qinghua , Zheng Xunjiang , Sun Shaoyong , Tang Yucong 
Published: May 2022

Low-frequency and large-amplitude vibration of flexible appendages in space can be induced when a spacecraft performs attitude maneuvers and thermal alternations during orbit operation. In this paper, a novel joint mechanism combined with a semi-active method for variable stiffness control is proposed to suppress the low-frequency vibrations of flexible jointed appendages. The variable stiffness of the joint is derived from the linear relationship between its output torque and rotation angle when direct current (DC) power is applied to the coils. Based on the Lagrange equation and the assumed mode method, the coupling dynamic relationships of the active joint and two flexible appendages are established, and semi-active vibration control simulations are performed. A ground experimental platform is built to simulate the microgravity environment in space. The frequency shift effect of rigid body motion and elastic vibration under impact disturbance are investigated. In addition, the effect of variable stiffness control on the elastic deformation of flexible appendages is studied. The simulation and experimental results indicated that the proposed method can control both the rigid body motion of the system and the elastic vibration of the appendages. It has been found that the major frequency bandwidth of the interference signal is within 0.3–1.0 Hz with a substantial vibration attenuation of 1.82–16.62 dB for the joint and 4.86–11.48 dB for the flexible appendages.
Central nervous system neurotoxicity associated with nelarabine in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pehlivan Umur A , Gürkan Emel , Açar İbrahim H , Bıçakcı Yunus K 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Nelarabine, a prodrug of arabinosylguanine has lineage-specific toxicity for T lymphoblasts and is used to treat refractory or relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma patients. The most commonly observed adverse effects associated with nelarabine are mainly hematological, i.e. neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Additionally, neurological, and gastrointestinal toxicities have been reported. Central nervous system neurotoxicity associated with nelarabine is very rare. Case description A 37-year-old man patient diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia had experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizure which lasted for a few seconds and upper extremity weakness after three weeks of the nelarabine infusion. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have shown periventricular and nucleus caudatus abnormalities. Radiological findings suggested toxic leukoencephalopathy and acute infarct of right nucleus caudatus. Management and outcome After high-dose steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and support treatment, his neurologic symptoms disappeared except for mild peroral numbness. However, radiological sequelae persisted despite clinical improvement. Conclusion Physicians involved in the care of these patients who use nelarabine should be aware of the fact that cerebral toxicity of the nelarabine may occur especially in the presence of predisposing factors. It is crucial to monitor closely those patients receiving nelarabine and also those who have additional predisposing factors for neurotoxicity.
Nocturnal normobaric hyperoxia treatment in a case of chronic diabetic macular edema
Authors: Song Soobin , Lemire Colin A. , Seto Brendan , Arroyo Jorge G. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To study the long-term anatomic and physiologic effects of nocturnal normobaric hyperoxia (NNBH) in a patient with treatment-resistant diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods A 64-year-old diabetic man with bilateral DME requiring regular anti-VEGF treatments in both eyes was started on 5 LPM (40% FiO2) NNBH treatment 6-h per night. Visual acuity, OCT measurements of retinal thickness and volume, as well as the number of injections given in each eye were retrospectively examined one year prior and prospectively after initiation of NNBH, as well as before and after a planned 1-month discontinuation of NNBH. Results The patient received 12 anti-VEGF injections in the year prior to beginning NNBH treatment (4 OD; 8 OS) and did not require any injections after commencing NNBH treatment. Visual acuity improved and stabilized to 20/20 and macular edema rapidly resolved in both eyes following initiation of NNBH. After a planned 1-month NNBH vacation, DME recurred but quickly resolved once NNBH treatment was restarted. Conclusion This model case demonstrates that a 6-h NNBH regimen can be successful in treating DME and improving vision, without the need for intravitreal injections. NNBH is a more acceptable treatment regimen compared to 24-h continuous oxygen delivery and may provide a less invasive alternate method for treating DME in patients with diabetes. Further study is warranted.
“Good morning, COVID!” the inertia of journalistic imaginaries in morning shows’ online comments
Authors: Gutsche Robert E , Forde Sydney L , Pinto Juliet , Zhu Yanqi 
Published: May 2022

This textual analysis examines meanings of user comments to Facebook posts of three UK breakfast programs as COVID-19 entered England in 2020. This analysis suggests that during this time of crisis and uncertainty, users’ – even if trolling, interacting through incidental media use, or commenting as regular contributors to the pages – relied on traditional and lasting interpretations of conventional journalistic standards in their discourse surrounding “soft news” content. We argue that such comments represent an “inertia” of longstanding journalistic imaginaries that have survived an increased hybridity of news.
Preoperative Depression is Associated with Worse Outcomes after The Lower Extremity Revascularization
Authors: Suarez Luis , Melikian Raffi , Alnahhal Khaled I , Allison Genève M , Jimenez Daniel , Urhiafe Vanessa , Salehi Payam , Iafrati Mark 
Published: May 2022

Objective This retrospective study sought to describe the association between preoperative diagnosis of depression and major adverse events after infrainguinal bypass surgery or peripheral vascular intervention (PVI). Methods We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of all patients undergoing PVI and/or infrainguinal bypass surgery at a single tertiary institution between 2010 and 2019. Propensity matching and Cox regression analysis were conducted to examine the impact of comorbid depression on the incidence of major adverse events (MAEs), defined as re-intervention, major amputation, or death, within 2 years of surgery. Results Of all patients ( n = 512) undergoing intervention at our institution, 166 (32.4%) suffered an MAE and 169 (33.0%) patients had a preoperative diagnosis of depression. After propensity score matching, univariate (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7) and multivariable hazard analyses (aHR, 1.50; [1.1–2.2]) demonstrate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the diagnosis of depression and increased MAE. Conclusion Over one-third of our lower extremity revascularization patients were noted to have a preoperative diagnosis of depression. After intervention, these patients had worse outcomes compared to patients without depression; this finding was more evident in patients who underwent PVI mainly due to high overall mortality rate. Prospective studies are necessary to better understand this association and to ascertain if early intervention can improve post-procedure vascular outcomes.
Response to clopidogrel in patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization
Authors: Tawil Michael , Maldonado Thomas S , Xia Yuhe , Berland Todd , Cayne Neal , Jacobowitz Glenn , Lugo Joanelle , Lamparello Patrick , Sadek Mikel , Rockman Caron , Berger Jeffrey S 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Clopidogrel is effective at decreasing cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, its effect on limb outcomes are less known. This study investigated the variability in response to clopidogrel and its relationship with clinical limb outcomes. Methods Three hundred subjects were enrolled in the Platelet Activity and Cardiovascular Events (PACE) study prior to lower extremity revascularization, of whom 104 were on clopidogrel. Light transmission platelet aggregation was measured in response to ADP 2 [Formula: see text]m immediately prior to revascularization. Patients were followed longitudinally for a median follow-up of 18 months. The primary endpoint was major adverse limb events (MALE) defined by major amputation or reoperation of the affected limb. Patients were stratified into groups according to percent ADP-induced aggregation. Poor response to clopidogrel was defined by >50% aggregation. Results Overall, the median age was 70 (63, 76) and 35.6% were female. Twenty-nine (27.9%) patients experienced MALE during their follow-up. Median aggregation to ADP 2 [Formula: see text] m was 22.5% (Q1-Q3: 10%, 50%) and 27 subjects (26%) were clopidogrel poor responders. Baseline aggregation was higher in subjects who went on to develop a MALE than those without MALE (43% vs 20%, p = .017). Subjects with aggregation > median (22.5%) were more likely to experience MALE than aggregation < median (38.5% vs 17.3%, p = .029). After multivariable adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and aspirin use, aggregation > median was associated with MALE (adjusted HR [aHR] 2.67, 95% CI 1.18–6.01, p = .018). When stratified by established cut-offs for responsiveness to clopidogrel (50% aggregation), poor responders were more likely to experience MALE than normal responders (44.4% vs 22.1%, aHR 2.18, 95% CI 1.00–4.78, p = .051). Conclusions Among patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization on clopidogrel, higher baseline percent aggregation is associated with increased risk for major adverse limb events.
Surgical management of the spastic elbow
Authors: Luo Weisang , Nixon Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Background We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing surgery for elbow spasticity. We present our findings and expected outcomes according to degree of elbow fixed flexion contracture. Methods Data collected included age, Modified Ashworth Score, pre and post-operative range of motion, indications for surgery and the Goal Attainment Score. Contracture severity was classified into five groups based on goniometric measurements. Surgical procedures were categorised into three groups. Results A total of 114 elbows underwent surgical release. The mean age at surgery was 18.5 years and the mean follow-up was 20 months. Preoperatively, the median Modified Ashworth Score was 2 and the mean contracture was 68° (35° fixed and 33° dynamic). The median number of structures released was 3 (range: 1–6). Surgical procedures were classified as biceps sparing (27%), biceps lengthening (53%) and extended releases (18%). Mean improvement in extension was 59°, and the mean improvement in Goal Attainment Score was 36 (mean attainment score 62). The mean residual contracture was 9°. Patient satisfaction was high with over 90% of surgical indications met. Discussion Contracture severity of the spastic elbow can be categorised by degree of fixed flexion deformity and therefore treatment can be allocated accordingly.
Utilization of integrated community case management service of childhood illness (ICCM) and associated factors among under-five children in Shashogo district, Hadiya zone, South Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Endale Abera , Handiso Tilahun Beyene , Admassu Bittiya , Nigussie Aderajew 
Published: May 2022

Background: Integrated community case management (ICCM) service is provision of concurrent clinical and preventive care by trained community health workers for common childhood illnesses in the community. In Ethiopia, integrated community case management (ICCM) service utilization is low and its magnitude is unknown as well as no adequate evidence on its associated factors. This study aimed to investigate use of integrated community case management service of childhood illness and factors associated with it. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shashogo district. A total of 422 mothers who had under-five children were selected using simple random sampling method. Structured interviewer administered pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. Results: The proportion of integrated community case management (ICCM) service utilization among sick under-five children in past six months at Shashogo district was 199(47.2%, with 95%CI:(43.2, 51.2)). Receiving training on health extension packages as model family AOR = 2.07(1.05, 4.08), experiencing frequent childhood illness AOR = 1.92(1.11, 3.33), having information about ICCM service AOR = 3.73(1.42, 9.76), and having a postnatal care visit in recent child AOR = 13(7.37, 23.06) were associated with utilization of integrated community case management service. Conclusion: ICCM service was not used as planned though there is offer of free of charge service nearby. ICCM service is affected by maternal and child health utilization. Hence, collaborative activities of information, education, and communication activities are needed.
Motivate me to exercise with you: The effects of social media fitness influencers on users’ intentions to engage in physical activity and the role of user gender
Authors: Durau Julia , Diehl Sandra , Terlutter Ralf 
Published: May 2022

Objective Social media fitness influencers are evolving into a new digital form of health communicators whom consumers might turn to for assistance with more physical activity and exercise at home, especially in the current COVID-19 crisis. Drawing from source credibility theory, social cognitive theory, protection motivation theory and literature on physical activity, physical fitness and gender, we analyse how male and female users’ evaluations of social media fitness influencers and user health-related variables impact intentions to exercise with the social media fitness influencer. Methods Two consecutive studies using male and female YouTube fitness influencers were carried out. Structural equation modelling was conducted to test the proposed models and estimate the path coefficients. Results Study 1 ( N = 507) shows that the respective influencer's perceived trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness are important for the influencer's evaluation, and that it is the perceived motivating power rather than the attitude toward the influencer that increases intentions to exercise for male and female users. Study 2 ( N = 445) extends Study 1 and shows that physical fitness, training involvement with YouTube fitness videos and lower health increase behavioural intentions. A more negative body image also raises intentions to exercise, but only among female users. Conclusion Social media fitness influencers who are perceived as trustworthy, as experts and as attractive, can be effective for increasing men's and women's physical activity. Perceived motivating power of the influencer emerged as a key variable that predicts intentions to exercise. User health-related variables have different effects on intentions to exercise for men and women.
Outcomes Following Norwood Procedures: Analysis of a “Small Volume” Program
Authors: D’Angelo John , Suguna Narasimhulu Sukumar , Pourmoghadam Kamal , Hsia Tain-Yen , Fleishman Craig , Kube Alicia , Lucchesi Nicole , DeCampli William 
Published: May 2022

Background Institutional survival following Norwood procedures is traditionally correlated with a center's surgical volume. Multiple single and multi-institutional studies conducted at large-volume centers have recently demonstrated improved survival following Norwood procedures. We report both short- and long-term outcomes at a single, small-volume institution and comment on factors potentially influencing outcomes at this institution. Methods All patients undergoing Norwood procedures from January 1, 2005, to January 1, 2020, at our institution were included in this study. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression risk factor analyses were performed in addition to first interstage risk factor scoring to compare observed versus expected survival. Results The cohort included 113 patients. Kaplan-Meier freedom from death or transplant was 88%, 80%, and 76% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from death following hospital discharge after Norwood procedures was 94%, 87%, and 83% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The presence of genetic syndromes was a significant risk factor for mortality. First interstage observed-to-expected mortality following discharge was 0.57 ( P = .04). Postoperative length of stay was comparable to that reported for the period 2015 to 2018 in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database. Conclusions Survival outcomes at this single, small-volume institution were similar to those reported by large-volume centers and multi-institutional collaborative studies. These results may be related to structural and functional features that have been demonstrated to influence outcomes in other studies. These factors are achievable by small-volume programs with sufficient resource allocation.