bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Rencana Kebijakan Penggunaan Jalan Tol Berbasis Konsep
Multiline Free Flow
Authors: Taufik Ahmad , Pratama Putra Muh. Amril 
Published: July 2022

Jumlah penduduk memiliki hubungan erat dengan perkembangan transportasi dan jumlah
penggunaan jalan yang ditunjukkan dengan tingkat kemacetan karena kepadat kendaraan.
Upaya pemerintah melalui pembangunan jalan tol merupakan salah satu inovasi bentuk
kebijakan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Termasuk rencana pelayanan melalui Multi Line
Free Flow (MLFF) yaitu metode pembayaran tanpa berhenti, karena pada kendaraan
ditempelkan Sensor RDH. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjelaskan persepsi masyarakat
terhadap kebijakan Multi Line Free Flow (MLFF), dengan terlebih awal menggambarkan
karakter umum dari pengguna jalan toying akan mendukung atau memperlambat berjalannya
kebijakan ini. Metode peneltian adalah metode survey (Moleong, 2007) dengan pendekatan
kualitatif (Sugiono, 2009). Informan yang diwawancarai sebanyak 50 orang, melalui
penyebaran angket secara online. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa masih terdapat 30
persen pengguna jalan tol tidak siap kartu dan kecukupan saldo saat memasuki tol dan 64
persen baru membeli dan mengisi ulang kartu saat memasuki gerbang tol. Terkait metode
pembayaran MLFF menunjukkan 74,5 persen pengguna jalan tol tidak mengetahui kebijakan
MLFF ,sumber informasi tentang MLFF diperoleh terbesar dari media 46,6 persen dan 38,4
persen baru mengetahui dari pengisian angket. Kesimpulan metode MLFF menurut responden
sangat bermanfaat (80%) dan memudahkan (94%). Adapun hambatan yang akan dihadapi adalah
ketidak disiplinan pengguna jalan tol (78%) dan gangguan jaringan pada sensor RHD (22%).
Harapan pengguna tol bahwa kebijakan MLFF masih perlu disosialisasi secara intensif
(66%), dukungan fasilitas jalan (6%) dan jaringan cepat dan baik (28%).
Determination of Heavy Metals in Henna Leaves and Cosmetic Henna Products Available in Zliten, Libya
Authors: Ajaj Ismail A. , Amhimmid Wafaa , Ismail Hala , Al-Arabi Tahani , Al-Oraibi Khawla 
Published: July 2022

Henna is widely used by Libyan women as a cosmetic, which may contain lead (pb), cadmium (Cd) and other toxic heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal content of seven henna products, imported and locally produced in Zliten, Libya. An analytical method was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In terms of heavy metal content determination, the results revealed a significant difference between henna leaves and cosmetic henna samples. The premixed henna sample H2 had the highest heavy metal concentrations with a high level of lead (6.952ppm), exceeding the WHO's maximum limit and the (ASEAN) Guidelines on Limits of Contaminants for Cosmetics Heavy metal maximum limits, Lead (Pb) is 1 ppm. Nickel (Ni) levels in (H4=5.201ppm) and (H6=2.023ppm ) henna samples were found to be above the WHO's limit of 1.68ppm. The results indicated that such cosmetics expose consumers to high levels of Pb and Cu, and hence to potential health risks. Thus, investigating the sources and effects of heavy metals in such cosmetics is strongly advised.
Breast Cancer Screening Practices Amongst Female Students in Pakistan
Authors: Khokhar Ismail Anwar , Musa Asif Mohammad , Mashhood Muhammad , Zulfiqar Mominah , Ismail Minahil , Asjad Ayesha 
Published: July 2022

Cancer is currently responsible for around 6 million deaths worldwide. Cancer-related deaths are predicted to rise to 74% in the next several years which is alarming for the developing countries. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is also the leading cause mortality. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the practices opted by Pakistani women about breast self and clinical Examination and screening modalities. Methods: Total 453 selected female University students using the "Epitool" online sample calculation website with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error were selected. All girls between the age of 18-55 years who were currently enrolled in one of the study programs and could complete the English questionnaire were included in the study. The Breast Cancer Investigation Questionnaire (BCIQ) was used in study. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The respondents' mean age was 22.87± 4.67 years. The prevalence of knowledge of breast cancer screening techniques was high 341 (75.3%), 245(53.3%) and 273 (60%), respectively, for breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. However, only 345 (75.1%), 303 (36.9%), and 255 (56.2%) knew BSE, CBE, and mammography are helpful in breast cancer diagnosis respectively. Conclusion: Even though many females were aware of breast cancer and self-examination, the number of women who do BSE was alarmingly low.
Correlation of Sonographic Gestational Age with Fetal Kidney Length in Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Zamir Areej , Azam Sadia , Ali Abid , Afsar Rehan , Khalid Aneeqa , Mehmood Dar Waqar 
Published: July 2022

Precise evaluation of gestational age is essential for quality maternity care. Ultrasonography is the most readily available and reliable method to establish gestational age. This study aims to use the length of the fetal kidney as a reliable parameter to measure gestational age in late second and third trimesters. Objective: To determine the relationship between fetal kidney length and gestational age in weeks during the late 2nd and 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 105 singleton normal pregnant females between 24th and 40th weeks of gestation who came to the obstetrics and gynecology department at a private sector hospital in Kharian, Pakistan. The duration of the study was four months. Bi-parietal diameter, femur length, and fetal kidney lengths were measured. Statistical analyses were applied using SPSS version 22.0. Results: A moderately significant positive correlation was identified between different gestational age measuring parameters and fetal kidney length. The correlation was significant at the level of 0.01. The correlational values of GA according to LMP with FKLL and FKLR were (r= .85**) and (r= .87**) respectively. GA with BPD indicates a moderately significant positive correlation with FKLL and FKLR (r= .94**) and (r=.94**). GA with FL also shows a moderately significant positive correlation with FKLL and FKLR (r= .83**) and (r= .83**), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, fetal kidney length in millimeters correlates well with gestational age in weeks and shows linear growth with gestational age throughout pregnancy. Gestational age estimated from fetal kidney length gives improved dating of fetal age
Evaluation of blood flow in superficial arteries of face by Doppler ultrasound in young adults
Authors: Javaid Izza , Tazeen Anjum , Khadija Syeda , Fatima Zareen , Saleem Muhammad Adeel , Fatima Mehreen , Rubab Umme 
Published: July 2022

Acknowledgement: Knowledge of vascular hemodynamics of a particular region is essential to draw a fine line between normal and a pathological state. Face is highly vascular and little is known about normal blood flow characteristics of its superficial arteries. Thus there is a need to assess the normal blood flow characteristics of the face and to establish a normative database. This may later be helpful in planning of aesthetic procedures, face reconstruction following trauma or during surgery and in follow up examination of many skin diseases.To evaluate the blood flow of superficial arteries of face by Doppler ultrasound in young adults. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital and University Ultrasound Clinic Green Town, Lahore. Data was collected according to inclusion criteria. Sample size of 311 patients were included in this research comprising 112 (36%) females and 199(63.9%) were males. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSS version-23. Results: Analysis of data showed that out of 311 patients 112 (36%) females and 199(63.9%) were males, According to the result analysis of the total number of 311 patients, facial artery had a mean diameter of 1.4 mm ( 0.14cm) and diameter of temporal artery at tragus was calculated 1.5mm ( 0.15cm) with SD 0.2. Facial and temporal artery average PSV among individuals was 26.8 ± 5.3 and 35.2 ± 11.9 respectively. Average RI value of facial artery was 0.81± 0.05 mm and for temporal was 1.0 ± 0.8 mm . Conclusion: The facial and temporal artery can be assessed on Doppler ultrasound for velocity and resistance parameters. No significant difference was seen in the parameters between males and females.
Assessment of Knowledge About Breast Cancer Screening Among Female Faculty of University of Lahore
Authors: Farhat Saira , Anwar Faridi Tallat , Hameed Sajid , Mehmood Khalid , Azzam Khan Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

Carcinoma of breast is now the most frequent of all cancers, both in male and female malignancies. It is also the fifth leading cause of death from all types of malignancies, and the first among those tumors that kill women. Objective: To assess the knowledge about breast cancer screening among female faculty of University of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive research that used a non-probability purposive sampling technique. After getting permission from the participants, data from 356 female faculty members at the University of Lahore was obtained. SPSS version 22 was used to evaluate and enter the data. Results: The findings suggested that female faculty members had a moderate understanding of cancer screening. Even though majority of the participants were aware that mammography is a fundamental and conventional technique for breast cancer screening, they were unaware of when to begin and how frequently it should be done. Respondents also knew what breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) were, but they didn't know when they should begin or how often they should be conducted. Conclusions: In summary, female academic staff at the University of Lahore have a moderate level of knowledge. It is suggested that breast cancer screening methods be made more widely known and educated about through frequent conferences and seminars highlighting the proper age and time for starting BSE, CBE, and Mammography, as well as the need of doing these procedures on a regular basis.
Role Of Ultrasound in First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding Observational Study at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Janan Orakzai Zubair , Malik Awan Nuzhat , Khattak Nadia , Rokhan Bakht , Rashid Fauzia , Kamran Ayesha 
Published: July 2022

Vaginal bleeding in first trimester is most common complication of pregnant women. The ratio of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women is 20-25%. About 50% of pregnant women experiencing vaginal bleeding in first trimester have viable pregnancy. 50% cases of abortion are reported in first trimester vaginal bleeding. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the significance of ultrasonography in diagnosis of first trimester vaginal bleeding. Objective: Objective of the study is to elaborate the fundamental role of ultrasonography in first trimester vaginal bleeding. The ratio of misdiagnosis in putatively nonviable pregnancy will be reduced by complete understanding of ultrasonography significant. In this way the premature interventions can be avoided that ultimately leads to mismanagement. Study Design: It was an observational study with statistical approaches, conducted in BKMC / MMC, Mardan for the duration of six months from December 2020 to May 2021. Methods: All the antenatal women having complaint of first trimester vaginal bleeding visited the hospital was included in this prospective observational study. Those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria set by the Gynecology department of Hospital were followed for further analysis study. Results: Out of the 90 patients included in the study, 51% cases were of threatened abortion among viable pregnancies and 6% cases of normal pregnancy were reported. Various types of abortion were reported in the patients, out of which 11% cases were of missed abortion, 1% of complete abortion, and 11% of incomplete abortion, 5% of ectopic pregnancy and 10% of blighted ovum. The inevitable abortion cases were 3% and 1.1 % cases of hydatidiform mole. Conclusion: After developing better understanding of correlation between ultrasonography and first trimester vaginal bleeding, sonologist can elaborately explain the cause of vaginal bleeding. For the diagnosis of first trimester vaginal bleeding ultrasonography is the non-invasive imaging technology.
Etiological Aspects of Hoarseness of Voice Among Patients Attending in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Zada Bakht , Humerah Sobia , Habib Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Nadeem Muhammad , Khan Ali 
Published: July 2022

Hoarseness of voice is much frequent in recent times and it alters the normal quality of voice Objective: To understand and assess the etiological factors of hoarseness. Methods: A Non-randomized, longitudinal and cross-sectional study was conducted in the ENT Head & Neck Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Al Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad for six months duration from September 2021 to February 2022. All subjects with a history of hoarseness underwent routine specific clinical evaluation to establish diagnosis. The simple manual analysis was applied for final outcomes assessment with percentage and frequency using SPSS 21.0. Results: Participants enrolled were 150, amongst them, the patients of 21-30 and 31-40 years of age suffered from hoarseness. Likewise, 98 (72%) were males, 52 (28%) were females with a M: F proportion of 1.45: 1. According to the distribution, the utmost communal etiology observed in this study was acute laryngitis (30%), trailed by acid peptic laryngitis in 25.3%, laryngeal neoplasms in 8.7% and other includes laryngeal tuberculosis, intubation granuloma, and very rarely trauma. Conclusions: There was an etiological variability of hoarseness, varies from simple laryngitis to malignant neoplasms. For this reason, it is significant not to overlook hoarseness and a thorough examination, investigation and proper history should be taken
Role of Vitamin B6 and Folic Acid in Decreasing Diabetic Peripheral Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
Authors: Iqbal Ranjha Nasar , Azeem Muhammad , Khan Malik Muhammad , Ahmed Khalil 
Published: July 2022

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a disease of diabetic patients in which nerves of peripheral nervous system got degenerated and unable to transmit any signals. Almost 30% patients of peripheral neuropathy are positive to diabetes as well. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy occurs due to decreased serum level of B type vitamins in the body among which vitamin B6 and folic acid are more important. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the role of Vitamin B6 and folic acid in decreasing peripheral neuropathy. Method: This study was conducted in the hospital of sargodha from 2018 to 2020. This study was carried on 250 type 2 diabetic patients. Both males and females were included. Subjects were submitted to detailed medical history about the duration of diabetes and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.Complete examination of nervous system was conducted .Laboratory examination was done to find out mean fasting glucose.The control group comprised of 50 potentially healthy males and females was made. Serum level of vitamins was checked before and after treatment. Result: The main symptom which was present in all the patients was severe pain in lower legs Distal numbness was reported in 200 patients. Distal sensory neuropathy was reported in 150 patients. Distal motor neuropathy was reported in 52 patients. 157 patients had demyelinating neuropathy, 57 had axonal and 44 had mixed neuropathy. Peripheral diabetic neuropathy decreased after supplementations of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin b6. Conclusion: Vitamin B6 and folic acid are known for their role to support healthy nervous system.Vitamin B6 and folic acid improved glycemic control through decreasing homocysteine . B6 relieves nerve pain and transmits nerve impulses correctly. The risk of peripheral neuropathy increased as serum folate decreased. Their supplementations are effective strategies for the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.
PERBEDAAN PEMBELAJARAN TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS) DAN DISCOVERY LEARNING (DL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS MTs SUNAN KALIJAGA SENDURO LUMAJANG
Authors: Zainal  , Abdul Hamid  
Published: July 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk megetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPS antara siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran TSTS (two stay two stray) dengan siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran discovery learning di MTs Sunan Kalijaga Senduro Lumajang. Dalam Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan Kunatitatif, jenis penelitiannya menggunakan quasi eksperimental design yaitu eksperimen semu. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas VII MTs Sunan Kalijaga Senduro Lumajang . Jumlah Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dua kelas yang diambil dengan teknik proposional random sampling yakni Kelas VII C sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII D sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik Analisis Data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan bantuan SPSS versi 22. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini dengan metode tes, dokumentasi dan Validasi dan Reliabilitas. Instrument tes yang berupa soal ini merupakan alat yang digunakan peneliti untuk mengukur hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti pembelajaran dengaan menggunakan model pembelajaran TSTS (two stay two stray) maupun discovery learning. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahawa (1) Hasil nilai belajar kelas eksperimen dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray, Diperoleh nilai posttest dengan nilai tertinggi adalah 85 dan nilai terendah 76. dan rata-ratanya 80,5 (2) Hasil nilai belajar kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery learning, Diperoleh nilai prettest dengan nilai tertinggi adalah 75 dan nilai terendah 65.dan rata-ratanya 70. (3) Hasil setelah dilakukan perhitungan uji t dengan taraf signifikasinya (2-tailed) 0,039 < 0,05, sehingga Ho ditolak. Dapat di simpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray lebih efektif terhadap hasil belajar IPS pada peserta didik kelas VII MTs Sunan Kalijaga Senduro Lumajang.
Financial Liberalization Policies and Sustainable Economic Development In Arab Countries
Authors: Nima Bekheet Heider , Maznan Nasr Hamoud 
Published: July 2022

Financial liberalization has attracted increasing attention from the Arab region in recent decades. It plays a critical role in the financial sector in promoting balanced and sustainable economic growth, the experiences of macro and structural reforms have shown. The ability of the economy to overcome adverse economic conditions is primarily related to the size of reforms and policies of financial liberalization due to the financial sector's contribution in raising the efficiency of the economy and achieving Stability. Macro-reforms that include reform and stability of prices, reform of public finances and exchange and trade systems, and the restructuring of economic activities involve the basis for capital resources and the re-direction of new savings and investment flows. In addition, various markets, institutions, and channel tools are optimized to mobilize local savings and mobilize them in the form of credits and investment instruments. Then, direct them towards the sectors and for the most efficient and profitable economic activities. Furthermore, the governments work to attract foreign investment and attract it to provide additional financing resources that contribute to the coverage of local development. The liberalization might take varied forms for groupings of small and big businesses. The intended result is that the government should pursue a long-term policy plan that promotes companies' sustainability, including high- and low-income firms. Additionally, it is envisaged that businesses would place a greater emphasis on innovation, significantly boosting the quality of human resources to gain a competitive edge in the face of global competition.
The Impact of Green Innovation on Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Ali Jassim Nagham , Challoob Anfal Talib 
Published: July 2022

The current research aimed to show the relationship between green innovation and environmental sustainability as the study assumes that green innovation contributes to environmental sustainability, and to test the research hypotheses, the researcher distributed (300) questionnaires to employees of the Al-Zawraa challenge site and received (295) questionnaires of which were valid for analysis (275) questionnaires and the advanced statistical program SmartPlS was used The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that green innovation has a moral impact on environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the study has made a set of recommendations, the most important of which is for bodies and institutions and all stakeholders to push for the promotion of green innovations to advance environmental sustainability.
CUERPOS EXTRAÑOS EN APARATO RESPIRATORIO
Authors: Saquicela Espinoza Luis Alberto , Vásquez Freddy , Bustos Dután Cristian Efraín 
Published: July 2022

La obstrucción de la vía aérea constituye una situación emergente, es por tanto algo ajeno a la naturaleza del ser humano; constituye un evento accidental y súbito en pediátricos sanos previamente; el mismo clínicamente presenta dificultad respiratoria súbita que puede ser tan fatal y conducir a la muerte.
Según la Sociedad Americana del corazón, la importancia de reconocer y diferenciarlos es trascendente. Es relevante mencionar que la concepción es concreta por tanto el objetivo del capítulo es ofrecer un correcto manejo de esta emergencia sanitaria.
EVENTO CEREBRO VASCULAR HEMORRAGICO
Authors: Torres Criollo Larry Miguel , Álvarez Lozano María Isabel , Menéndez Chóez María Gabriela 
Published: July 2022

El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) se define como una patología neurológica grave, con déficit neurológico repentino resultante de una lesión vascular. Esta lesión tiene un inicio agudo, de duración variable y puede provocar la muerte, siendo la segunda causa de deceso con frecuencia en pacientes de 65 años de edad a nivel mundial.
El ictus o enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) o ACV es una causa importante de muerte en países desarrollados, ocupa el tercer lugar, superada solo después de las patologías cardiovasculares y las neoplasias malignas). Se puede clasificar en hemorrágico e isquémico que puede resultar en graves complicaciones cognitivas y del equilibro corporal.
El cerebro vascular hemorrágico o accidente cerebral hemorrágico, se produce debido a la rotura de un vaso sanguíneo cerebral impidiendo el flujo sanguíneo regular despojando al tejido provisto de nutrientes, oxígeno y glucosa necesarios para sus funciones que es alimentar las células cerebrales.
EVENTO CEREBRO VASCULAR ISQUEMICO
Authors: Torres Criollo Larry Miguel , Castro Salazar Ana Zulema , López Narváez Miriam Magaly , Coronel Urgiles Dayana Jazmín 
Published: July 2022

Definición
Se denomina enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) a todo aquel trastorno que afecte una zona del encéfalo de manera tanto transitoria como permanente provocado por una isquemia o también por una hemorragia comprometiendo a uno o más vasos sanguíneos cerebrales, el término ictus o stroke con significado de golpe, abarca a un grupo de trastornos como es el infarto cerebral, hemorragia cerebral y subaracnoidea. En este capítulo nos referiremos al accidente cerebrovascular isquémico.
La media de presentación global es de doscientos casos por cada cien mil habitantes al año, y con tasa de prevalencia de aproximadamente seiscientos casos por cada cien mil habitantes. A lo largo de las cuatro últimas décadas la incidencia de las enfermedades cerebro vascular ha reducido el 42% en los países desarrollados y se ha incrementado un 100% en los países que se encuentran en vía de desarrollo, su mortalidad actualmente ha reducido debido gracias a la prevención primaria que hoy existe.