bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Coaching for Cognition in Alzheimer's (COCOA) trial: Study design
Authors: Roach Jared C. , Hara Junko , Fridman Deborah , Lovejoy Jennifer C. , Jade Kathleen , Heim Laura , Romansik Rachel , Swietlikowski Adrienne , Phillips Sheree , Rapozo Molly K. , Shay Maria A. , Fischer Dan , Funk Cory , Dill Lauren , Brant‐Zawadzki Michael , Hood Leroy , Shankle William R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComprehensive treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires not only pharmacologic treatment but also management of existing medical conditions and lifestyle modifications including diet, cognitive training, and exercise. We present the design and methodology for the Coaching for Cognition in Alzheimer's (COCOA) trial. AD and other dementias result from the interplay of multiple interacting dysfunctional biological systems. Monotherapies have had limited success. More interventional studies are needed to test the effectiveness of multimodal multi‐domain therapies for dementia prevention and treatment. Multimodal therapies use multiple interventions to address multiple systemic causes and potentiators of cognitive decline and functional loss; they can be personalized, as different sets of etiologies and systems responsive to therapy may be present in different individuals. COCOA is designed to test the hypothesis that coached multimodal interventions beneficially alter the trajectory of cognitive decline for individuals on the spectrum of AD and related dementias (ADRD). COCOA is a two‐arm prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT). COCOA collects psychometric, clinical, lifestyle, genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiome data at multiple timepoints across 2 years for each participant. These data enable systems biology analyses. One arm receives standard of care and generic healthy aging recommendations. The other arm receives standard of care and personalized data‐driven remote coaching. The primary outcome measure is the Memory Performance Index (MPI), a measure of cognition. The MPI is a summary statistic of the MCI Screen (MCIS). Secondary outcome measures include the Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST), a measure of function. COCOA began enrollment in January 2018. We hypothesize that multimodal interventions will ameliorate cognitive decline and that data‐driven health coaching will increase compliance, assist in personalizing multimodal interventions, and improve outcomes for patients, particularly for those in the early stages of the AD spectrum.Highlights
The Coaching for Cognition in Alzheimer's (COCOA) trial tests personalized multimodal lifestyle interventions for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
Dense longitudinal molecular data will be useful for future studies.
Increased use of Hill's criteria in analyses may advance knowledge generation.
Remote coaching may be an effective intervention.
Because lifestyle interventions are inexpensive, they may be particularly valuable in reducing global socioeconomic disparities in dementia care.
Comparison of fetal and neonatal sonographic measurements of ventricular size in second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses with or without ventriculomegaly: cross‐sectional three‐dimensional ultrasound study
Authors: Gerbino M. , Parodi S. , Ballarini M. , Paladini D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess, in a population comprising normal fetuses and fetuses with primary or post‐hemorrhagic ventriculomegaly, the reproducibility of measurement of neonatal ultrasound indices in the fetus and to compare the performance of various cut‐offs of these parameters to diagnose ventriculomegaly and classify its severity.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study including 182 singleton fetuses assessed by transvaginal neurosonography. The sample populations included 116 normal fetuses and 66 fetuses with primary (n = 56) or post‐hemorrhagic (n = 10) ventriculomegaly. In all cases, the atrial width (AW) was measured according to standard protocols and the findings were compared with four sonographic indices developed in the neonate: the anterior horn width (AHW), the ventricular index (VI), the thalamo‐occipital distance (TOD) and the fronto‐occipital horn ratio (FOHR). Reproducibility of measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and diagnostic accuracy of the neonatal indices was assessed against AW using areas under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves (AUC).ResultsThe intra‐ and interoperator reproducibility of measurement of AW and the neonatal measurements was excellent, with ICCs > 0.99 for all measures. The association in the fetus of all four variables developed in the neonate with the degree of ventriculomegaly as defined by the AW was strong for severe ventriculomegaly (AW > 15.0 mm; all AUC > 0.95), whereas the separation of cases with mild ventriculomegaly (AW, 10.0–15.0 mm) from those with normal AW (< 10.0 mm) was less effective.ConclusionsWhen applied in the fetus, all four indices of ventriculomegaly developed in neonates (AHW, VI, TOD, FOHR) were associated strongly with fetal AW when the AW measurement indicated severe fetal ventriculomegaly. However, for mild ventriculomegaly, the association was weaker, probably due to the fact that, in the fetus, mild ventriculomegaly is not caused by obstruction of the ventricular system. Considering the similar performance of the four neonatal variables and the technical issues involved in determination of TOD and FOHR in the fetus, use of VI and AHW is preferred. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Fate and transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in repacked soil columns: Influence of soil properties and surfactant
Authors: Darnault Christophe , Peng Zhenyang , Yu Chan , Li Biting , Jacobson Astrid , Baveye Philippe Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of laboratory experiments was performed to investigate the transport and retention of viable C. parvum oocysts in soil columns homogeneously packed with loamy sand soils (Lewiston and Greenson series) and sandy loam soils (Sparta and Gilford series), and under hydrologic conditions involving the presence of an anionic surfactant—Aerosol 22 in artificial rainfall. To characterize the effect of surfactant on the mobility of C. parvum oocysts in the soils used in this study, these results were compared with previous laboratory‐scale column experiments of a previous study using soils contaminated with oocysts, under conditions identical to those described here except for the absence of the surfactant in the percolating water. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection and quantification of C. parvum oocysts in soil leachates to assess their breakthrough and in soil matrices to characterize their spatial distribution. Alterations in the rate and extent of transport of C. parvum oocysts were discerned per the physicochemical parameters analyzed—soil types, soil chemistry, and surfactant—and resulted in either the enhancement or hinderance of C. parvum oocysts adsorption to surfaces, and their movement in soils. In the case of loamy sand soils, the transport of C. parvum oocysts through the soil matrices increased with the application of surfactant for Sparta series and remained at a similar level for Gilford series. Regarding sandy loam soils, the movement of C. parvum oocysts through the soil matrices increased for Greenson series and decreased for Lewiston series with the application of surfactant.
Magnetically‐induced electromechanical fields in a flexoelectric semiconductor layer between two piezomagnetic dielectric layers
Authors: Qu Yilin , Jin Feng , Yang Jiashi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study magnetically‐induced electromechanical fields in a sandwich plate of a flexoelectric semiconductor layer between two piezomagnetic dielectric layers under a transverse magnetic field. A set of two‐dimensional equations for the bending of the plate is derived from the three‐dimensional macroscopic theory of piezomagnetics and flexoelectric semiconductors. A few solutions from the plate equations are obtained for static and time‐harmonic magnetic loadings. Results show that various distributions of mobile charges and electric fields can be created by different magnetic fields, which is the foundation for flexotronics when magnetic fields are involved. In the case of pure bending under a uniform magnetic field, a combination of physical and geometric parameters is identified as a coefficient characterizing the strength of the interaction between the applied magnetic field and the mobile charges. The coefficient assumes a maximum for a particular thickness ratio between the two types of material layers. The frequency dependence of the coupling coefficient in time‐harmonic motions is also obtained.
Analysis of var Gene Transcription Pattern Using DBLα Tags
Authors: Andisi Kivisi C. , Abdi Abdirahman I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) antigens, which are encoded by a multigene family called var genes, are exported and inserted onto the surface of the infected erythrocytes. PfEMP1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe malaria and are major targets of naturally acquired immunity. Studying the expression pattern of var genes in P. falciparum clinical isolates is crucial for understanding disease mechanism and immunity to malaria. However, var genes are highly variable, which makes it difficult to study their expression in clinical isolates obtained directly from malaria patients. In this chapter, we describe an approach for analysis of var gene expression that targets a region referred to as DBLα tag, which is relatively conserved in all var genes.
Towards Intelligent Security- and Process-Aware Information Systems
Authors: Holderer Julius 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the work and explains its significance by considering the contributions and its applicability. Because of its practical setting, the approach is applicable to a range of practical applications. For example, it could recommend who shall perform which tasks in a so-called break-glass situation, or act as a delegation assistant to suggest potential best delegates (with fewest violations) to the delegator. A corresponding process-aware information system could automate these delegations and provide additional mitigating techniques to prioritize audits of affected cases. Moreover, the graphical view of obstruction analysis could help policy designers to deepen their understanding of security policies and to improve their own security policies. The chapter concludes with extensions that could be envisaged.
Rather doomed than uncertain: risk attitudes and transmissive behavior under asymptomatic infection
Authors: Matthies Konstantin , Toxvaerd Flavio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe analyze the relation between individuals’ risk aversion and their willingness to expose themselves to infection when faced with an asymptomatic infectious disease. We show that in a high prevalence environment, increasing individuals’ risk aversion increases their propensity to engage in transmissive behavior. The reason for this result is that as risk aversion increases, exposure which leads to infection with certainty becomes relatively more attractive than the uncertain payoffs from protected behavior. We provide evidence from a laboratory experiment which is consistent with our theoretical findings.
Tinzaparin—a review of its molecular profile, pharmacology, special properties, and clinical uses
Authors: Amerali Marina , Politou Marianna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are a group of heterogenous moieties, long used in the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. They derive from heparin and since they are prepared by different methods of depolymerization, they differ in pharmacokinetic properties and anticoagulant profiles, and thus are not clinically interchangeable.

Methods
In this review we provide an overview of tinzaparin's main characteristics and uses.

Results
Tinzaparin which is produced by the enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH) can be used for the treatment and prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE); it has been also used in special populations such as elders, obese, pregnant women, and patients with renal impairment and/or cancer with favorable outcomes in both safety and efficacy, with a once daily dose regimen. Furthermore, LMWHs are extensively used in clinical practice for both thromboprophylaxis and thrombosis treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion
Tinzaparin features support the hypothesis for having a role in immunothrombosis treatment (i.e. in the context of cancer ,COVID-19), interfering not only with coagulation cascade but also exhibiting anti-inflammatory potency.
Comparison of three risk stratification scores in gastroschisis neonates: gastroschisis prognostic score, gastroschisis risk stratification index and complex gastroschisis
Authors: Tauriainen Asta , Raitio Arimatias , Tauriainen Tuomas , Vanamo Kari , Sankilampi Ulla , Helenius Ilkka , Hyvärinen Anna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the utility of three different risk stratification scores for gastroschisis neonates; simple/complex gastroschisis, gastroschisis prognostic score and risk stratification index.

Methods
Data of neonates born with gastroschisis between the years 1993 and 2015 were collected. The national registers and patient records of four Finnish University Hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic and linear regression analysis were performed to identify independent predictors for adverse outcomes. The efficacy of these prognostic methods was further assessed using ROC-curves and DeLong (1988) test.

Results
Gastroschisis risk stratification index was an acceptable predictor of in-hospital mortality, AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.48–0.91, p = 0.049. Complex gastroschisis and gastroschisis prognostic score were able to predict short bowel syndrome, AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.58–1.00, p = 0.012 and AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.59–1.00, p = 0.012, respectively.

Conclusion
There are three easily obtainable risk stratification scores for outcome prediction in gastroschisis patients, however, their predictive ability did not have a statistical difference in the present study. The Gastroschisis risk stratification index seemed to perform moderately well in mortality prediction.
Immune complexes as culprits of immunopathology in severe COVID-19
Authors: Kolb Philipp , Giese Sebastian , Voll Reinhard Edmund , Hengel Hartmut , Falcone Valeria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfection with the pandemic human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 elicits a respiratory tract disease, termed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While a variable degree of disease-associated symptoms may emerge, severe COVID-19 is commonly associated with respiratory complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the necessity for mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Amongst others, disease outcome depends on age and pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders but also age and biological sex. Intriguingly, increasing experimental and clinical evidence suggests that an exacerbated inflammatory response and in particular IgG immune complexes (ICs), significantly contribute to severe and prolonged COVID-19 disease progression. Vast amounts of deposited, unresolved ICs in tissue are capable to initiate an exaggerated Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) mediated signalling cascade which eventually results in common IC-associated organ diseases such as vasculitis, glomerulonephritis and arthritis, comorbidities that have been frequently reported for COVID-19. Moreover and independent of deposited ICs, very recent work identified soluble ICs (sIC) to be also present in the circulation of a majority of severely ill patients, where their systemic abundance correlated with disease severity. Thus, detection of circulating sICs in patients represents a potential marker for critical COVID-19 disease progression. Their detection early after clinical deterioration might become an indicator for the requirement of prompt anti-inflammatory treatment. Here, we review the role of ICs in COVID-19 progression, their possible origins and potential intervention strategies.
Graphical abstract
Phytotherapy known and applied by head-neck cancer patients and medical students to treat oral discomfort in Germany: an observational study
Authors: Ritschel Maria-Louisa , Hübner Jutta , Wurm-Kuczera Rebecca , Büntzel Judith 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Plant remedies are often used next to conventional standard of care by cancer patients. However, user rates are often underestimated and physicians usually feel not equipped to counsel patients. Hence, routinely recording the use of phytotherapy and sufficient knowledge on herbal medicine of the medical staff are required to improve the situation. Appraising the current state of knowledge of medical students may offer insight if education on herbals needs improvement. Here, we propose a simple anamnesis tool to assess knowledge and usage pattern of medical plants and demonstrate how to extrapolate symptom cluster participants associated with plants investigated in this study focussing on the common symptom of oral discomfort.

Methods
By screening German literature (popular science, specialist’s literature, books for the interested layman) on medical plants used for treating oral discomfort, we were able to deviate a list of plants most often recommended for treating oral discomfort and to develop an anamnesis tool to assess knowledge and usage of 16 different plants. A group of 120 head-neck cancer patients (under surveillance, after receiving treatment) and 168 medical students were questioned at a collaborating out-patient clinic and via an online survey, respectively, in 2020. Students were additionally asked to write down indications of the plants they used in daily life. Knowledge and usage pattern were compared between both groups. Primary component analysis and heat-map analysis were used to visualize common and distinguishing features. Network analysis and VENN diagrams were used to extrapolate data of the medical students’ cohort.

Results
Head-neck cancer patients and students show similar knowledge. However, students used significantly more plants in daily life than patients (p < 0.001). Overall, the user rate of patients and students were 82.50 and 93.94%, respectively. The top five most commonly known plants were similar in both groups (Marticaria recutita L., Zingiber offinicale ROSCOE, Taraxacum Wigg. Calendula officinalis L.) with the exception of Salvia officinalis L. (patients’ cohort) and Carum carvi/Cuminum cyminum L. (students’ cohort). Despite this slight difference, usage pattern of the top five most commonly used plants was the same between the groups. Students’ indications were compared to indications found in the literature, unmasking several differences between commonly practiced and written knowledge on German phytotherapy. Network analysis revealed, that students associated certain plants with corresponding symptom clusters (e.g., coughing, oral mucositis).

Conclusion
The majority of surveyed cancer patients as well as medical students use phytotherapy for treating oral discomfort. Both groups know and use similar plants. However, indications of written folk medicine differ from the lived and practiced tradition.
From linear temporal logic and limit-deterministic Büchi automata to deterministic parity automata
Authors: Esparza Javier , Křetínský Jan , Raskin Jean-François , Sickert Salomon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractController synthesis for general linear temporal logic (LTL) objectives is a challenging task. The standard approach involves translating the LTL objective into a deterministic parity automaton (DPA) by means of the Safra-Piterman construction. One of the challenges is the size of the DPA, which often grows very fast in practice, and can reach double exponential size in the length of the LTL formula. In this paper, we describe a single exponential translation from limit-deterministic Büchi automata (LDBA) to DPA and show that it can be concatenated with a recent efficient translations from LTL to LDBA to yield a double exponential, ‘Safraless’ LTL-to-DPA construction. We also report on an implementation and a comparison with other LTL-to-DPA translations on several sets of formulas from the literature.
Verspätungen und Störungen an intermodalen Verkehrsknoten besser managen
Authors: Scheelhaase Janina D. , Scheier Benedikt , Grunewald Erik , Seidel Saskia , Christ Thomas , Noyer Ulf , Maertens Sven , Knitschky Gunnar , Rudolph Florian 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag zeigt anhand einer typischen Verspätungssituation an einem intermodalen Verkehrsknoten die verkehrlichen und ökonomischen Effekte dieser Verspätung für verschiedene Stakeholder auf (Störfallszenario). Weiterhin wird ein Szenario zur Verbesserung der Verspätungssituation, in dem die einzelnen Stakeholder am Verkehrsknoten auch intermodal kooperieren (Kooperationsszenario), entworfen und in seinen Effekten mit dem Störfallszenario verglichen. Der Vergleich der verkehrlichen und ökonomischen Effekte beider Szenarien ermöglicht Aussagen über die relative Vorteilhaftigkeit eines kooperativen Verspätungs- und Störfallmanagements an intermodalen Verkehrsknoten.
Rückkehr zu stärkerem Beschäftigungswachstum in den Städten erwartet
Authors: Rossen Anja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new facet of the regional forecasts of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). For the development in 2022, we report results at the level of administrative district types of the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR). Overall, the forecasts for 2022 suggest a return to the regional disparities that already existed before the pandemic with regard to the development of unemployment and employment. While there are no major differences between the administrative district types in the unemployment forecast, the expected growth in employment increases in cities and urban areas compared to the previous year, but stagnates in the case of the two rural structural types.
Warum die wissenschaftliche Politikberatung so unbeliebt ist
Authors: Färber Gisela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe manifold special features and challenges of economic policy-advising are ultimately based on the principles of trust and mutual learning. These principles, as the basis of cooperation between science on the one hand and politics and administration on the other, can go a long way towards resolving the problem of asymmetrical information between commissioners and commissionees or commission members and institutions seeking advice. It would be desirable to have more ministerial administration employees organising the advisory services who have already become acquainted during their studies with the approaches and problems of applying economic knowledge in political decisions and in administrative implementation.