bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive pharmacogenomic study indicates roles for SLCO1B1, ABCG2 and SLCO2B1 in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics
Authors: Lehtisalo Minna , Taskinen Suvi , Tarkiainen E. Katriina , Neuvonen Mikko , Viinamäki Jenni , Paile‐Hyvärinen Maria , Lilius Tuomas O. , Tapaninen Tuija , Backman Janne T. , Tornio Aleksi , Niemi Mikko 
Published: August 2022

AimsThe aim was to comprehensively investigate the effects of genetic variability on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin.MethodsWe conducted a genome‐wide association study and candidate gene analyses of single dose rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in a prospective study (n = 159) and a cohort of previously published studies (n = 88).ResultsIn a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis of the prospective study and the cohort of previously published studies, the SLCO1B1 c.521 T > C (rs4149056) single nucleotide variation (SNV) associated with increased area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentration of rosuvastatin (P = 1.8 × 10−12 and P = 3.2 × 10−15). The candidate gene analysis suggested that the ABCG2 c.421C > A (rs2231142) SNV associates with increased rosuvastatin AUC (P = .0079), while the SLCO1B1 c.388A > G (rs2306283) and SLCO2B1 c.1457C > T (rs2306168) SNVs associate with decreased rosuvastatin AUC (P = .0041 and P = .0076). Based on SLCO1B1 genotypes, we stratified the participants into poor, decreased, normal, increased and highly increased organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 function groups. The OATP1B1 poor function phenotype associated with 2.1‐fold (90% confidence interval 1.6–2.8, P = 4.69 × 10−5) increased AUC of rosuvastatin, whereas the OATP1B1 highly increased function phenotype associated with a 44% (16–62%; P = .019) decreased rosuvastatin AUC. The ABCG2 c.421A/A genotype associated with 2.2‐fold (1.5–3.0; P = 2.6 × 10−4) increased AUC of rosuvastatin. The SLCO2B1 c.1457C/T genotype associated with 28% decreased rosuvastatin AUC (11–42%; P = .01).ConclusionThese data suggest roles for SLCO1B1, ABCG2 and SLCO2B1 in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. Poor SLCO1B1 or ABCG2 function genotypes may increase the risk of rosuvastatin‐induced myotoxicity. Reduced doses of rosuvastatin are advisable for patients with these genotypes.
Reducing patient delay in acute coronary syndrome: Randomized controlled trial testing effect of behaviour change intervention on intentions to seek help
Authors: Farquharson Barbara , Johnston Marie , Williams Brian , Smith Karen , Dombrowski Stephan , Jones Claire , Treweek Shaun , Dougall Nadine , Grindle Mark , Savinc Jan , Abyhankar Purva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a behaviour change intervention to reduce patient delay with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome.DesignA 3‐arm web‐based, parallel randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe intervention comprised 12 behaviour change techniques (BCTs) embedded in a text‐only or text+visual narrative (the techniques were systematically identified through systematic review and a consensus exercise). Between February and November 2017, n = 145 people who had recently experienced acute coronary syndrome were randomly allocated to intervention (‘text+visual’ or ‘text‐only’) or control. Intentions to phone an ambulance immediately for acute coronary syndrome symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention using symptom scenarios, and the change in intention was compared across the three groups.ResultsSignificant increases in intention to phone an ambulance immediately for ACS symptoms were seen following the ‘text+visual’ intervention but not following ‘text‐only’ or control. However, the study was underpowered to detect any significant changes in intention between the 3 groups. There were no unintended effects on intentions for non‐urgent symptoms.ConclusionsA ‘text+visual’ BCT‐based intervention may significantly increase intention to phone an ambulance with symptoms of ACS. Further testing of the effect of the intervention on actual behaviour is required.
Preoperative MRI presentations of Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zheng Ying , Ning Gang , Fu Chuan , Bao Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerlyn–Werner–Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is a rare complex female urogenital anomaly, with diverse anatomical presentations. Due to obstruction, most patients with HWW syndrome need to be addressed surgically. The treatment strategy should be tailored to the different anatomical variants of each patient. Therefore, a detailed and comprehensive preoperative evaluation is needed. In this review, we describe the embryology and clinical manifestations of HWW syndrome and discuss and illustrate its diverse preoperative magnetic resonance imaging presentations to guide clinical treatment.
Prescribed burning has limited effects on the population dynamics of rare plants
Authors: Novak Logan , Scholl Joshua P. , Kiefer Gretel , Iler Amy M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRare species serve important ecosystem functions, including community resilience to global change. Yet rare species are disappearing globally because of anthropogenic activities such as fire suppression. Prescribed burning is a widespread management approach that can reduce invasive plant presence, recycle nutrients, and restore species diversity. However, the effects of prescribed burning on rare plants are not well understood. We analyzed the population dynamics of 67 rare, native plant species in response to prescribed burning using the Chicago botanic garden's Plants of Concern dataset. This dataset includes rare plant populations concentrated in the northeast part of Illinois, and a few populations in Indiana and Wisconsin, United States. We evaluated the effects of burning by comparing the percent change in population size in the short‐term (1–2 years) and long‐term (3–4 years) after prescribed burning, to the percent change in population size not following burns. In a global model with all species, we did not detect the effects of burning on percent change in population size. In species‐level analyses, we detected burn effects for most species for which we had the statistical power to detect possible burn responses, although the direction of their responses was mixed. Five species responded consistently between short‐ and long‐term datasets, and four species had mixed responses, with most responding positively over the short‐term and negatively over the long‐term. We complemented this analysis with a literature review of fire responses for available species. Our literature review revealed more responses to burning than what we found from our analyses; however, most of this evidence does not compare burned and unburned populations directly and should be treated cautiously. Through community science monitoring efforts, we were able to compile one of the largest studies of burn effects on rare plants to date, but continued monitoring is necessary to fully evaluate how prescribed burning impacts rare plant species.
Pharmacokinetics of oral mannitol for bowel preparation for colonoscopy
Authors: Fiori Giancarla , Spada Cristiano , Soru Pietro , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Bravi Ivana , Cesana Bruno Mario , Cesaro Paola , Manes Gianpiero , Orsatti Anna , Prada Alberto , Quadarella Alessandro , Schettino Mario , Spina Luisa , Trovato Cristina , Carnovali Marino , Vecchi Maurizio ,   Satisfaction Study Group
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to define the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of oral mannitol used as an osmotic laxative for bowel preparation for colonoscopy. The PKs of oral mannitol was evaluated in a substudy as part of a phase II dose‐finding, international, multicenter, randomized, parallel‐group, endoscopist‐blinded study. Patients were randomly assigned to take 50, 100, or 150 g mannitol. Venous blood samples were drawn at baseline (T0), 1 h (T1), 2 h (T2), 4 h (T4), and 8 h (T8) after completion of mannitol self‐administration. The mean mannitol plasma concentrations (mg/ml) were dose‐dependent with a consistent difference among doses. The mean maximum concentration (Cmax) ± SD was 0.63 ± 0.15, 1.02 ± 0.28, and 1.36 ± 0.39 mg/ml, in the three dosage groups, respectively. The mean area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC0−∞) was 2.667 ± 0.668, 4.992 ± 1.706, and 7.403 ± 3.472 mg/ml*h in the 50, 100, and 150 g mannitol dose groups, respectively. Bioavailability was similar in the three dose groups and was just over 20% (0.243 ± 0.073, 0.209 ± 0.081, and 0.228 ± 0.093 in the 50, 100, and 150 g mannitol dose groups, respectively). The present study showed that the bioavailability of oral mannitol is just over 20% and is similar for the three tested doses (50, 100, and 150 g). The linear increase in Cmax, AUC0−t8, and AUC0−∞ must be considered when choosing the oral mannitol dose for bowel preparation to avoid its systemic osmotic effects.
Demographic history, local adaptation and vulnerability to climate change in a tropical mountain bird in New Guinea
Authors: Ericson Per G. P. , Irestedt Martin , Qu Yanhua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate how and when allopatric populations of a widely spread mountain bird in New Guinea, Amblyornis macgregoriae, have diversified, how they differ genetically, and how they may respond to future climate conditions.LocationNew Guinea.MethodsUsing whole‐genome resequencing data for 26 individuals of A. macgregoriae, we studied how geographically separate populations of this species have responded to past environmental change and how this may have shaped their current genomic structure. We estimated genotype–environment associations and variation in genomic offset to predict how the different populations may respond to climate change.ResultsA. macgregoriae today has six allopatric mountain populations, occupying sky‐islands with limited gene flow between them. We show that these populations fall into three distinct genetic clusters. Through genotype–environment modelling, we identified annual precipitation and seasonal and day‐to‐night temperature fluctuations as the environmental factors that explain most of the genetic variation in A. macgregoriae. By comparing current and predicted future (RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas scenario for year 2070) genomic variation, we found that the populations close to the Strickland Gorge region in Central Range are those most heavily affected by the predicted climate conditions.Main conclusionsThe A. macgregoriae populations have fluctuated in size as the glacial cycles caused their montane habitats to repeatedly expand and contract. Low gene flow between populations promoted local adaptation and increased genetic divergence, resulting in a considerable variation in their genomic offset to future climate conditions. Understanding populations' differential response to the ongoing global warming is important for conservation strategy planning, not least for the sensitive mountainous biodiversity in New Guinea.
Palliative care utilization, transfusion burden, and end‐of‐life care for patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: McInturf Geoffrey , Younger Kimberly , Sanchez Courtney , Walde Charles , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Ahmed Nausheen , Shune Leyla , Sborov Douglas W. , Godara Amandeep , McClune Brian , Sinclair Christian T. , Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite treatment advances, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine specialist palliative care (SPC) involvement and end‐of‐life care for patients with MM.MethodsWe assessed all deceased patients with a diagnosis of MM who received care at a single institution from January 2010 to December 2019 and assessed SPC involvement.ResultsWe reviewed 456 deceased patients. Overall, 207 patients (45.4%) received SPC visits by clinicians during their disease, and 153 (33.5%) were on MM treatment in the month before death. Median time from SPC consultation to death was 1 month, with 42 (9.2%) of patients receiving SPC visits 6 or more months before death. Amongst the patients for which a place of death was reported (351), 117 (33.3%) died in the acute care setting. Outpatient SPC did not correlate with a reduction of death in the acute care setting. In the group of patients who received outpatient SPC, 22/84 (26.2%) died in an acute care setting, whereas 95/267 (35.5%) patients who did not receive outpatient SPC also died in an acute care setting, (p = .11).ConclusionIn our analysis of the entire trajectory of the MM patient experience from diagnosis to death, we found low rates of SPC involvement and a significant proportion of patients receiving aggressive care at end‐of‐life. While there is no clear correlation that SPC involvement impacted the rate of acute care deaths or decreased utilization of MM treatment in the last month of life, further prospective research on optimal utilization of SPC is required.
Avoiding excess computation in asynchronous evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Scott Eric O. , Coletti Mark , Schuman Catherine D. , Kay Bill , Kulkarni Shruti R. , Parsa Maryam , Gunaratne Chathika , De Jong Kenneth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAsynchronous evolutionary algorithms are becoming increasingly popular as a means of making full use of many processors while solving computationally expensive search and optimization problems. These algorithms excel at keeping large clusters fully utilized, but may sometimes inefficiently sample an excess of fast‐evaluating solutions at the expense of higher‐quality, slow‐evaluating ones. We have previously introduced a steady‐state parent selection strategy, SWEET (“Selection whilE EvaluaTing”), that sometimes selects individuals that are still being evaluated and allows them to reproduce early. We perform a takeover‐time analysis that confirms that this strategy gives slow‐evaluating individuals that have higher fitnesses an increased ability to multiply in the population. We also find that SWEET appears effective at improving optimization performance on problems in which solution quality is positively correlated with evaluation time. We evaluate our approach on six simulated real‐valued optimization problems and three real‐world applications: an autonomous vehicle controller problem that involves tuning a spiking neural network and two adversarial EA problems. We further evaluate SWEET versus a basic asynchronous process in a simulated setting. We present evidence that SWEET outperforms basic asynchronous processes in a use‐case in which performance is positively correlated with evaluation time, and performs comparably (and often better) than basic asynchronous processes in several use‐cases where performance is negatively correlated with evaluation time. That said, in the cases where performance and evaluation time are negatively correlated the variance of outcomes for SWEET is notably high.
Missed opportunities for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among people with recent HIV infection: The French ANRS 95041 OMaPrEP study
Authors: Lions Caroline , Laroche Helene , Mora Marion , Pialoux Gilles , Cotte Laurent , Cua Eric , Piroth Lionel , Molina Jean Michel , Salnikova Maria , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Poizot‐Martin Isabelle , Spire Bruno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to identify missed opportunities for the use of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in people with recently acquired HIV, factors associated with PrEP knowledge, and reasons for not using PrEP.DesignThis was a French national cross‐sectional multicentre study enrolling people diagnosed with recent HIV (incomplete Western blot or negative HIV test in the previous 6 months) in 28 HIV clinical centres. Data were gathered using a self‐administered questionnaire (SAQ).MethodWe analysed missed opportunities for PrEP use via a retrospective prep cascade. Factors associated with prior knowledge of PrEP and reasons for PrEP non‐use among those who knew about PrEP were described using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsOf the 224 eligible patients, 185 completed the SAQ and 168 (91%) were eligible for PrEP. Of these, 90% reported seeing at least one physician during the previous year, 26% received information about PrEP, and 5% used PrEP. Factors independently associated with a higher probability of knowing about PrEP were being a man who has sex with men, being aged 25–30 years (vs older), undergoing HIV screening at least once every semester (vs less often; odds ratio [OR] 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.00–8.45), and practicing chemsex (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.12–9.10). Fear of side effects and a low perceived risk of HIV infection were the two most common reasons for not using PrEP (N = 40 [33.33%] and N = 34 [28.3%], respectively).ConclusionsWe found two gaps in the retrospective PrEP cascade: insufficient provision of PrEP information by healthcare providers (mainly general practitioners) and low PrEP acceptability by informed, eligible patients. More diverse healthcare providers need to be involved in PrEP prescription, and at‐risk people need to be sensitized to the risk of HIV infection.
International environmental agreements under different evolutionary imitation mechanisms
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Chi , Liu Shi‐Miin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper explores how the formation and stability of international environmental agreements vary with two often adopted mechanisms: imitating‐the‐best‐average and imitating‐the‐best‐total rules. We first show that the possible long‐run equilibria of two dynamics are the same. They are countries' full participation, no‐participation, and the two equilibria combined. However, the occurring conditions of these equilibria under two dynamics may differ. Then, we prove that countries' full participation is more likely to be long‐run equilibrium in international environmental agreements when imitating‐the‐best‐average rule is adopted. Moreover, all findings of this study hold whatever the function forms of countries' abnoatement benefits and costs are, and are unaffected by the positive affine transformation of countries' total payoffs.
Cassava starch films incorporated with clove essential oil and nanoclay as a strategy to increase the shelf life of strawberries
Authors: Alves‐Silva Gisele Fernanda , Santos Luan Gustavo , Martins Vilásia Guimarães , Cortez‐Vega William Renzo 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe incorporation of essential oil and nanocomposites can develop bioplastics with antioxidant and antimicrobial effects that extend the shelf life of food. In this study, active cassava starch films were incorporated with clove essential oil (CEO) and montmorillonite (MMT) for application on fresh strawberries. Central composite design was used in the development of cassava starch active films and the mechanical, barrier, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The effects of active films on the quality of fresh strawberries were investigated. The incorporation of MMT and CEO promoted better mechanical performance (elongation greater than 180%), greater light barrier properties (opacity greater than 17%) and high antioxidant action due to the content of polyphenols present (32 mg GAE/g). Strawberries packed with the active films showed less changes in the parameters of colour, acidity and microbial contamination during the storage period evaluated.
Relation between hydration level and quality of steamed oat cakes: from the view of batter rheological properties
Authors: Qian Xiaojie , Sun Binghua , Gu Yujuan , Ma Sen , Wang Xiaoxi 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe effects of hydration level on the rheological properties of oat batters and quality of steamed oat cakes were evaluated. With the increase in hydration level, the apparent viscosity was sharply decreased from 18.47 to 7.08 Pa⋅s, and the frequency sweep results suggested an increasing fraction of uncross‐linked component in oat batter. The water fluidity was enhanced, and the cross‐linking of proteins were weakened, resulting in loose batter structure. Apparent viscosity and microstructure analysis suggested that the gas chamber size was negatively correlated with the viscosity. Large gas chamber formed by low viscosity batter was unstable, resulting in steamed oat cakes collapsed. Besides, a highly viscous batter resulted in excessive cross‐linking and restricted gas expansion. Medium viscosity of oat batter, 15.28 Pa⋅s, with 110% water addition resulted in highest specific volume, cell area fraction and minimum hardness, 2.22 mL g−1, 34.73% and 7.61 N, respectively.
A treatment protocol for chronic post‐pneumonectomy empyema associated with bronchopleural fistula: A single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Ming , Yang Yang , Shi Yuedong , Zhang Yong , Liu Jiaqi , Lu Nanhang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic post‐pneumonectomy empyema (CPPE) associated with bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a potentially fatal complication and remains a surgical challenge. This study aims to propose a treatment protocol for managing this severe disease. From July 2009 to June 2021, 47 CPPE with BPF patients were treated in our department. CT scan with 3D reconstruction was used to detect BPF and to evaluate the location and volume of empyema cavity. Different surgical techniques were used to close BPFs according to they sizes. Multiple pedicled muscle flaps were chosen to fill the empyema cavity, and among them, latissimus dorsi (LD) was the mostly used flap. For cases that regional flaps were not suitable, free flaps were used. Patients were followed‐up from 7.9 to 102.8 months. Forty‐four patients (93.6%) healed after the operation. Closure of BPFs failed in three patients (6.4%), leading to regional infection. These patients were treated by bronchoscopic application of sealants, continuous drainage and antibiotics, and they eventually healed. Total or partial flap loss was not seen in any of the cases. Treatment protocol was proposed based on these results. CT scan with 3D reconstruction is an effective examination to evaluate pleural cavity defect and BPF. Proper technique to close the BPF and right choice of flap to fulfil the empyema cavity are the two most important key points to treat CPPE associated with BPF patients.