bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed and scalable optimization for robust proton treatment planning
Authors: Fu Anqi , Taasti Vicki T. , Zarepisheh Masoud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of robust proton treatment planning to mitigate the impact of uncertainty is well understood. However, its computational cost grows with the number of uncertainty scenarios, prolonging the treatment planning process.PurposeWe developed a fast and scalable distributed optimization platform that parallelizes the robust proton treatment plan computation over the uncertainty scenarios.MethodsWe modeled the robust proton treatment planning problem as a weighted least‐squares problem. To solve it, we employed an optimization technique called the alternating direction method of multipliers with Barzilai–Borwein step size (ADMM‐BB). We reformulated the problem in such a way as to split the main problem into smaller subproblems, one for each proton therapy uncertainty scenario. The subproblems can be solved in parallel, allowing the computational load to be distributed across multiple processors (e.g., CPU threads/cores). We evaluated ADMM‐BB on four head‐and‐neck proton therapy patients, each with 13 scenarios accounting for 3 mm setup and 3.5% range uncertainties. We then compared the performance of ADMM‐BB with projected gradient descent (PGD) applied to the same problem.ResultsFor each patient, ADMM‐BB generated a robust proton treatment plan that satisfied all clinical criteria with comparable or better dosimetric quality than the plan generated by PGD. However, ADMM‐BB's total runtime averaged about 6 to 7 times faster. This speedup increased with the number of scenarios.ConclusionsADMM‐BB is a powerful distributed optimization method that leverages parallel processing platforms, such as multicore CPUs, GPUs, and cloud servers, to accelerate the computationally intensive work of robust proton treatment planning. This results in (1) a shorter treatment planning process and (2) the ability to consider more uncertainty scenarios, which improves plan quality.
The impact of respiratory motion on electromagnetic fields and specific absorption rate in cardiac imaging at 7T
Authors: Schoen Natalie , Seifert Frank , Petzold Johannes , Metzger Gregory J. , Speck Oliver , Ittermann Bernd , Schmitter Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

PurposeTo present electromagnetic simulation setups for detailed analyses of respiration's impact on and E‐fields, local specific absorption rate (SAR) and associated safety‐limits for 7T cardiac imaging.MethodsFinite‐difference time‐domain electromagnetic field simulations were performed at five respiratory states using a breathing body model and a 16‐element 7T body transceiver RF‐coil array. and SAR are analyzed for fixed and moving coil configurations. SAR variations are investigated using phase/amplitude shimming considering (i) a local SAR‐controlled mode (here SAR calculations consider RF amplitudes and phases) and (ii) a channel‐wise power‐controlled mode (SAR boundary calculation is independent of the channels' phases, only dependent on the channels' maximum amplitude).ResultsRespiration‐induced variations of both

amplitude and phase are observed. The flip angle homogeneity depends on the respiratory state used for

shimming; best results were achieved for shimming on inhale and exhale simultaneously (). The results reflect that respiration impacts position and amplitude of the local SAR maximum. With the local‐SAR‐control mode, a safety factor of up to 1.4 is needed to accommodate for respiratory variations while the power control mode appears respiration‐robust when the coil moves with respiration (SAR peak decrease: 9% exhale→inhale). Instead, a spatially fixed coil setup yields higher SAR variations with respiration.ConclusionRespiratory motion does not only affect the distribution and hence the image contrast, but also location and magnitude of the peak spatial SAR. Therefore, respiration effects may need to be included in safety analyses of RF coils applied to the human thorax.
Simultaneous monitoring of activity and heart rate variability in depressed patients: A pilot study using a wearable monitor for 3 consecutive days
Authors: Koga Norie , Komatsu Yoko , Shinozaki Ryo , Ishida Ikki , Shimizu Yusuke , Ishimaru Sonoko , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionReduced activity and sleep–wake rhythm disturbances are essential features of depressive episodes. In addition, alterations in heart rate variability (HRV) have been implicated in depression. By using a wearable sensor that monitors 3‐dimensional acceleration and HRV simultaneously, we examined the activity and HRV indices in depressive episode of mood disorders.MethodsParticipants were 19 patients (13 major depressive disorder [MDD] and 6 bipolar depression; 11 females) and 18 controls (9 females) matched for age and ethnicity (all Japanese) who completed 3 consecutive days of all‐day monitoring by a small and light device attached to the chest.ResultsActivity magnitude was significantly reduced while lying/resting time was increased in depressed patients, compared with controls. When males and females were examined separately, male, but not female, patients showed significant reduction in activity. HRV indices such as R‐R interval and high‐frequency power (a parameter for the parasympathetic system) were significantly decreased in patients than in controls. Significant differences in activity and HRV indices were seen only in males. Sympathetic load during sleep significantly correlated with damped rest–activity rhythm in depressed patients.LimitationsThe number of participants was small, and the majority of the participants were taking psychotropic medications.ConclusionsWe obtained evidence for reduced activity, increased lying/resting time, and reduced HRV indices in male depressed patients. The simultaneous monitoring for activity and HRV suggested greater sympathetic load during sleep is associated with damped rest–activity rhythm (increased activity during sleep and decreased daytime activity), which might be a characteristic pathology of depression.
Green recycling of aramid fiber waste as the friction modifier of POM by solid state shear milling technology
Authors: Liao Yi , Chen Chaofeng , Wei Baojie , Yang Shuangqiao , Bai Shibing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAramid fiber is widely used in aerospace, machinery, construction, and other fields for its high strength, high elastic modulus, lightweight, and superior comprehensive performance. However, because aramid fiber is difficult to be melted and reprocessed, efficient and environmentally friendly recycling of aramid fiber waste (AFW) is an urgent and challenging issue. In this work, we reported a facile way to recycle AFW for the preparation of friction‐resistant polyoxymethylene (POM)/AFW composites. The ultrafine AFW powder with 64.69 μm in size was fabricated by solid state shear milling (S3M) technology, which broke the amide bond due to the strong compression and shearing during milling. With the increase of milling cycles, the roughness and active groups on the surface of AFW were increased, which was contributed to improving the compatibility between AFW and POM matrix. The morphology observation indicated a good dispersion of AFW in POM. The mechanical property test results showed that the flexural strength increased from 52.69 MPa to 80.12 MPa with 20 wt.% AFW. As a friction modifier, the addition of AFW could improve the tribological properties of POM/AFW composites, and the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of composites with 20 wt.% AFW could decrease by 53.02% and 69.52%, respectively. The S3M technology presented in this work is an efficient and industrialized strategy for AFW recycling to prepare value‐added products, which has great potential in the engineering application field.
Determination of needling process satisfying stiffness requirements of 3D needled composites
Authors: Qi Yunchao , Fang Guodong , Wang Bing , Meng Songhe , Liang Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe traditional trial‐and‐error method is expensive and time‐consuming to determine the needling process parameters satisfying the stiffness requirements of the 3D needled composites. A new design method for these unknown needling process parameters is proposed using a convolutional neural network (CNN) surrogate model, in which a series of stress distribution images of representative volume cell (RVC) for 3D needled composites under different loads are implemented. These stress distribution images reserve both material stiffness and needling process information. The CNN surrogate model can be efficiently established to obtain the relationship between the stress distribution images and the needling process parameters. The accuracy of the training samples and the test samples in the CNN surrogate model reaches 93.85% and 87.50% respectively. An artificial RVC can be directly constructed corresponding to the stiffness properties. The unknown needling process parameters can be determined using the CNN surrogate model and the stress distribution images of the artificial RVC. The result shows the stiffness properties of 3D needled composites with the needling process parameters obtained by the CNN surrogate model are in good agreement with the experimental results, where the maximum relative error is 7.66%. This method provides a new way to design the needling process parameters satisfying the specific stiffness requirements of the 3D needled composites.
Enrichment and fragmentation approaches for enhanced detection and characterization of endogenous glycosylated neuropeptides
Authors: Phetsanthad Ashley , Roycroft Caroline , Li Lingjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlycosylated neuropeptides were recently discovered in crustaceans, a model organism with a well‐characterized neuroendocrine system. Several workflows exist to characterize enzymatically digested peptides; however, the unique properties of endogenous neuropeptides require methods to be re‐evaluated. We investigate the use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) enrichment and different fragmentation methods to further probe the expression of glycosylated neuropeptides in Callinectes sapidus. During the evaluation of HILIC, we observed the necessity of a less aqueous solvent for endogenous peptide samples. This modification enabled the number of detected neuropeptide glycoforms to increase almost two‐fold, from 18 to 36. Product ion‐triggered electron‐transfer/higher‐energy collision dissociation enabled the site‐specific detection of 55 intact N‐ and O‐linked glycoforms, while the faster stepped collision energy higher‐energy collisional dissociation resulted in detection of 25. Additionally, applying this workflow to five neuronal tissues enabled the characterization of 36 more glycoforms of known neuropeptides and 11 more glycoforms of nine putative novel neuropeptides. Overall, the database of glycosylated neuropeptides in crustaceans was largely expanded from 18 to 136 glycoforms of 40 neuropeptides from 10 neuropeptide families. Both macro‐ and micro‐heterogeneity were observed, demonstrating the chemical diversity of this simple invertebrate, establishing a framework to use crustacean to probe modulatory effects of glycosylation on neuropeptides.
Influence of ecosystem and disturbance on near‐surface permafrost distribution, Whatì, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Daly Seamus V. , Bonnaventure Philip P. , Kochtitzky Will 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor remote communities in the discontinuous permafrost zone, access to permafrost distribution maps for hazard assessment is limited and more general products are often inadequate for use in local‐scale planning. In this study we apply established analytical methods to illustrate a time‐ and cost‐efficient method for conducting community‐scale permafrost mapping in the community of Whatì, Northwest Territories, Canada. We ran a binary logistic regression (BLR) using a combination of field data, digital surface model‐derived variables, and remotely sensed products. Independent variables included vegetation, topographic position index, and elevation bands. The dependent variable was sourced from 139 physical checks of near‐surface permafrost presence/absence sampled across the variable boreal–wetland environment. Vegetation is the strongest predictor of near‐surface permafrost in the regression. The regression predicts that 50.0% (minimum confidence: 36%) of the vegetated area is underlain by near‐surface permafrost with a spatial accuracy of 72.8%. Analysis of data recorded across various burnt and not‐burnt environments indicated that recent burn scenarios have significantly influenced the distribution of near‐surface permafrost in the community. A spatial burn analysis predicted up to an 18.3% reduction in near‐surface permafrost coverage, in a maximum burn scenario without factoring in the influence of climate change. The study highlights the potential that in an ecosystem with virtually homogeneous air temperature, ecosystem structure and disturbance history drive short‐term changes in permafrost distribution and evolution. Thus, at the community level these factors should be considered as seriously as changes to air temperature as climate changes.
Experimental Investigation of Zr‐Based Amorphous Alloy as a Shaped Charge Liner
Authors: Shi Jin , Huang Zheng‐Xiang , Zu Xu‐Dong , Xiao Qiang‐Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of Zr‐based amorphous alloy at high strain rates and its use as a shaped charge liner. A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to carry out dynamic mechanical performance tests, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the fracture morphology of the test piece. The X‐ray test of the jet formation and the static penetration test of the Zr‐based amorphous alloy jet were performed. It was found that the amorphous alloy material exhibits typical brittle fracture characteristics under high strain‐rate compression. As the strain rate increases, molten droplet‐like structures appear in the fracture morphology, and the melting area is proportional to the strain rate. The Zr‐based amorphous alloy liner forms a non‐cohesive jet driven by explosive explosion. The actual projection angle of the liner is slightly larger than the theoretical value of Taylor's projection angle because of the unique mechanical properties and fracture mechanism, while the collapse angle is slightly smaller. Compared with copper jet penetrating concrete, the aperture of Zr‐based amorphous alloy jet is increased by 58 % and the caving volume is increased by 32 times. The results provide reference for the application of Zr‐based amorphous alloy in the field of shaped charge liner.
Quercetin improves high‐fat diet‐induced obesity by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Su Lijie , Zeng Yupeng , Li Guokun , Chen Jing , Chen Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh‐fat diet‐induced obesity is characterized by low‐grade inflammation, which has been linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. We hypothesized that quercetin supplementation would alter gut microbiota and reduce inflammation in obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice, 4 weeks of age, were divided into 3 groups, including a low‐fat diet group, a high‐fat diet (HFD) group, and a high‐fat diet plus quercetin (HFD+Q) group. The mice in HFD+Q group were given 50 mg per kg BW quercetin by gavage for 20 weeks. The body weight, fat accumulation, gut barrier function, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation were determined in mice. 16 s rRNA amplicon sequence and non‐targeted metabolomics analysis were used to explore the alteration of gut microbiota and metabolites. We found that quercetin significantly alleviated HFD‐induced obesity, improved glucose tolerance, recovered gut barrier function, and reduced adipose tissue inflammation. Moreover, quercetin ameliorated HFD‐induced gut microbiota disorder by regulating the abundance of gut microbiota, such asAdlercreutzia,Allobaculum,Coprococcus_1,Lactococcus, andAkkermansia. Quercetin influenced the production of metabolites that were linked to alterations in obesity‐related inflammation and oxidative stress, such as Glycerophospho‐N‐palmitoyl ethanolamine, sanguisorbic acid dilactone, O‐Phospho‐L‐serine, and P‐benzoquinone. Our results demonstrate that the anti‐obesity effects of quercetin may be mediated through regulation in gut microbiota and metabolites.
HIV infection and the implication for COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Oyelade Tope , Raya Reynie Purnama , Latief Kamaluddin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered cellular and humoral immune response, especially in patients with an untreated or chronic infection. This may be due to direct and/or indirect HIV viral activities resulting in T‐ and B‐cells dysfunctions. Although still unclear, various studies have proposed that HIV infection may exacerbate the clinical outcomes of COVID‐19. Indeed, COVID‐19 vaccines were developed in record time and have been shown to reduce the severity of COVID‐19 in the general population. These vaccines were also earmarked as a solution to global disruptions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. HIV infection has been reported to reduce the efficacy of various other vaccines including those used against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium tetani, and influenza viruses. However, current guidelines for the administration of available COVID‐19 vaccines do not account for the immune‐compromised state of people living with HIV (PLWH). We discuss here the potentials, nature, and implications of this HIV‐induced dampening of the humoral immune response on COVID‐19 vaccines by first reviewing the literature about efficacy of previous vaccines in PLWH, and then assessing the proportion of PLWH included in phase III clinical trials of the COVID‐19 vaccines currently available. The clinical and public health implications as well as suggestions for governments and non‐governmental organizations are also proposed in the context of whether findings on the safety and efficacy of the vaccines could be extended to PLWH.Impacts
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by attenuated humoral immunity that may reduce the efficacy of vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH). Vaccination against the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remains the main public health answer to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Although no significant safety concerns have been raised regarding the COVID‐19 vaccines in PLWH, the efficacy of these vaccines in PLWH has not received due attention. Indeed, phase III clinical trials for the safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines involved a significantly low number of PLWH.
There are major gaps in knowledge on the efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines in PLWH and until further research is carried out, PLWH should be prioritized along with other at‐risk groups for repeated vaccination and safeguard.
Evaluation of the reliability of MS1‐based approach to profile naturally occurring peptides with clinical relevance in urine samples
Authors: Jiang Jialu , Zhan Lingpeng , Dai Liuyan , Yao Xiaopeng , Qin Yao , Zhu Zhongqin , Zhang Mei , Tong Wenjun , Wang Guanbo 
Published: July 2022

RationaleThe profiling of natural urinary peptides is a valuable indicator of kidney condition. While front‐end separation limits the speed of peptidomic profiling, MS1‐based results suffer from limited peptide coverage and specificity. Clinical studies on chronic kidney disease require an effective strategy to balance the trade‐off between identification depth and throughput.MethodsCKD273, a urinary proteome classifier associated with chronic kidney disease, in samples from diabetic nephropathy patients was profiled in parallel using capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS), liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS). Through cross‐comparison of results from MS1 of unfractionated peptides and elution‐time‐resolved MS1 as well as MS/MS in LC– and CE–MS approaches, we evaluated the contribution of false‐positive identification to MS1‐based identification and quantitation, and analyzed the benefit of front‐end separation in terms of accuracy and efficiency.ResultsIn LC– and CE–MS, although MS1 data resulted in higher number of identifications than MS/MS, elution‐time‐dependent analysis revealed extensive interference by non‐CKD273 peptides, which would contribute up to 50% to quantitation if they are not separated from genuine CKD273 peptides. In the absence of separation, MS1 data resulted in lower numbers of identifications and abundance pattern that significantly deviated from those by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) or capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry (CE–MS/MS). CE showed higher identification efficiency even when less sample was used or achieved faster separation.ConclusionsTo ensure the reliability of MS1‐based urinary peptide profiling, front‐end separation should not be omitted, and elution time should be used in addition to intact mass for identification. Including MS/MS in data acquisition does not compromise the speed or identification number, while benefiting data reliability by providing real‐time sequence verification.
Sliding mode observers for robust fault estimation in linear parameter varying systems
Authors: Chen Lejun , Edwards Christopher , Alwi Halim , Sato Masayuki , Nateghi Shamila , Shtessel Yuri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA linear parameter varying sliding mode fault reconstruction scheme is proposed. Compared with other conventional sliding mode observer designs, the estimate emerges quite naturally from the equations governing the sliding motion, and although the process may be viewed as a filtering of the discontinuous injection, there is no phase lag introduced in the process. A semi‐analytic solution to the proposed linear parameter varying sliding mode observer is first discussed. This motivates the structure of the linear matrix inequality formulation which is proposed, and clarifies the class of systems to which the approach is applicable. The linear matrix inequality problem set up minimizes the induced gain between the fault estimate and external disturbances, whilst ensuring linear quadratic performance of the underpinning sliding motion. The proposed scheme has been validated using the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's Multi‐Purpose Aviation Laboratory aircraft‐in‐the‐loop platform to demonstrate the design efficacy.
Moving toward sustainable development of sub‐Saharan African countries: Investigating the effect of financial inclusion on environmental quality
Authors: Liu Haiying , Sinha Avik , Destek Mehmet Akif , Alharthi Majed , Zafar Muhammad Wasif 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this current study is to provide a new framework for assessing the impact of financial inclusion on environmental quality in Sub‐Saharan Africa countries. To this end, the impact of economic growth, education, natural resource usage, and remittances on carbon emissions, as well as financial inclusion, is evaluated over the 2004–2020 period using second generation panel data methods, namely, CS‐ARDL and the following findings are found. Firstly, financial inclusion leads to enhanced carbon emissions. Secondly, economic growth leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions. Thirdly, an improvement in education promotes the quality of the environment. Fourthly, the depletion of natural resources has a harmful effect on the environment. Fifthly, remittances result to an increase in carbon emissions. On the basis of these findings, policy recommendations are made to assist the aforementioned countries in achieving their sustainable development goals.