bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher dental care is positively associated with key prognosis factors in peritoneal dialysis patients: findings from a retrospective study
Authors: Hiramatsu Takeyuki , Okumura Shota , Iguchi Daiki , Kojima Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Oral disease may be increased in people with end-stage renal disease and associated with inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Moreover, oral disease may be essential to decide the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, only a few reports have explored the effects of dental care (DC) on cardiovascular diseases and mortality in PD patients. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of DC with the prognosis of PD patients.

Methods
In this single-center, retrospective study, we enrolled 165 incident PD patients aged ≥ 20 years. We classified patients based on their dental care score, assessed using a self-reported questionnaire into the better dental care group (Group A, score ≥ 7) or the worse dental care group (Group B, score < 7). Demographic, clinical, hospitalization, hospital admission, comorbidities (including congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and pneumonia), and mortality (including specific causes) data were extracted from the patient’s medical records. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon t-test, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and multiple regression when appropriate. We compared the survival distributions among groups using the long-rank test.

Results
Of the 165 patients, 75 were allocated to group A and 90 to group B. PD patients with better dental care (group A) had significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and higher levels of serum albumin compared to PD patients with worse dental care (group B). Hospital admissions due to congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, pneumonia, and peritonitis were also lower in group A than group B. Mortality rates due to congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, pneumonia, and sepsis were lower in group A than in group B.

Conclusions
The study highlights the importance of good dental care, particularly for PD patients. Nephrologists and dental professions should design and implement oral health education strategies to improve PD patients’ dental care.
Grandparents in Italy: trends and changes in the demography of grandparenthood from 1998 to 2016
Authors: Cisotto Elisa , Meli Eleonora , Cavrini Giulia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore the last two decades of changes in the demography of grandparenthood in Italy, by means of a set of measures: the proportion of men and women becoming grandparents by age and time, the age at transition to grandparenthood and its crossing with a set of life events and the length of grandparenthood. We used data from the four waves of the Survey on Family and Social Subjects carried out by the Italian National Institute of Statistics in 1998, 2003, 2009 and 2016. Overall, the median age at which half of the population over 35 is made up of grandparents moved forward by at least 5 years during the two observed decades. The postponement of grandparenthood is evident in middle age: between 55 and 64 the ratio of grandparents to non-grandparents decreased significantly by about 10%. Overall, among people who had ever had children, the median age at the transition to grandparenthood advanced by three years from 1998 to 2016, both for men (59 to 62) and women (54 to 57). This difference is greater than that observed for age at parenthood and equal to the advantage gained in terms of life expectancy at age 60. Thus, despite increasing life expectancy, because of the postponement of grandparenthood, the shared period of life for grandparents and grandchildren has not increased, but rather remained stable.
The interactive functional biases of manual, language and attention systems
Authors: Serrien Deborah J. , O’Regan Louise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHemispheric lateralisation is a fundamental principle of functional brain organisation. We studied two core cognitive functions—language and visuospatial attention—that typically lateralise in opposite cerebral hemispheres. In this work, we tested both left- and right-handed participants on lexical decision-making as well as on symmetry detection by means of a visual half-field paradigm with various target–distractor combinations simultaneously presented to opposite visual fields. Laterality indexes were analysed using a behavioural metrics in single individuals as well as between individuals. We observed that lateralisation of language and visuospatial attention as well as their relationship generally followed a left–right profile, albeit with differences as a function of handedness and target–distractor combination. In particular, right-handed individuals tended towards a typical pattern whereas left-handed individuals demonstrated increased individual variation and atypical organisation. That the atypical variants varied as a function of target–distractor combination and thus interhemispheric communication underlines its dynamic role in characterising lateralisation properties. The data further revealed distinctive relationships between right-handedness and left-hemispheric dominance for language together with right-hemispheric dominance for visuospatial processing. Overall, these findings illustrate the role of broader mechanisms in supporting hemispheric lateralisation of cognition and behaviour, relying on common principles but controlled by internal and external factors.
Public perceptions of predictive testing for rheumatoid arthritis compared to breast cancer and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Singhal Juhi , Wells Imogen , Simons Gwenda , Wöhlke Sabine , Raza Karim , Falahee Marie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There is increasing research focus on prediction and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Information about risk of RA is increasingly available via direct-to-consumer testing. However, there is limited understanding of public perceptions around predictive testing for RA. This study explores public perceptions of predictive testing for RA in comparison to breast cancer (BC) and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods
Four focus groups with 21 members of the public were conducted using hypothetical vignettes about predictive testing for each disease. Transcripts of focus group proceedings were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.

Results
Thematic analysis of the data produced three key themes: decision-making factors, consequences, and consumer needs. Factors suggested that might influence decision-making about predictive testing included family history, fear, and perceived severity and treatability of the illness. RA was perceived to be less severe and more treatable than BC/AD. Potential consequences of predictive testing across all diseases included lifestyle modification, planning for the future and discrimination by employers or insurers. Predictive testing for RA was perceived to have less potential for negative psychological consequences than other diseases. Participants highlighted that individuals undertaking predictive testing should be signposted to appropriate support services and receive information on the accuracy of predictive testing. It was suggested that strategies to mitigate concerns regarding communication and confidentiality of risk results are required.

Conclusions
The findings of this study reflect public misunderstandings regarding RA that may impact the uptake of and responses to predictive testing, and key informational needs of individuals considering a predictive test. Predictive strategies should be accompanied by awareness-raising initiatives and informational resources.
Continuity and Change in U.S. Children's Family Composition, 1968–2017
Authors: Fomby Paula , Johnson David S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We document changes in U.S. children's family household composition from 1968 to 2017 with regard to the number and types of kin that children lived with and the frequency of family members' household entrances and departures. Data are from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 30,412). Children experienced three decades of increasing instability and diversification in household membership, arriving at a state of “stable complexity” in the most recent decade. Stable complexity is distinguished by a decline in the number of coresident parents; a higher number of stepparents, grandparents, and other relatives in children's households; and less turnover in household membership compared with prior decades, including fewer sibling departures. College-educated households with children were consistently the most stable and least diverse. On several dimensions, household composition has become increasingly similar for non-Hispanic Black and White children. Children in Hispanic households are distinct in having larger family sizes and more expected household entrances and departures by coresident kin.
Scaling of maneuvering performance in baleen whales: larger whales outperform expectations
Authors: Segre Paolo S. , Gough William T. , Roualdes Edward A. , Cade David E. , Czapanskiy Max F. , Fahlbusch James , Kahane-Rapport Shirel R. , Oestreich William K. , Bejder Lars , Bierlich K. C. , Burrows Julia A. , Calambokidis John , Chenoweth Ellen M. , di Clemente Jacopo , Durban John W. , Fearnbach Holly , Fish Frank E. , Friedlaender Ari S. , Hegelund Peter , Johnston David W. , Nowacek Douglas P. , Oudejans Machiel G. , Penry Gwenith S. , Potvin Jean , Simon Malene , Stanworth Andrew , Straley Janice M. , Szabo Andrew , Videsen Simone K. A. , Visser Fleur , Weir Caroline R. , Wiley David N. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Despite their enormous size, whales make their living as voracious predators. To catch their much smaller, more maneuverable prey, they have developed several unique locomotor strategies that require high energetic input, high mechanical power output and a surprising degree of agility. To better understand how body size affects maneuverability at the largest scale, we used bio-logging data, aerial photogrammetry and a high-throughput approach to quantify the maneuvering performance of seven species of free-swimming baleen whale. We found that as body size increases, absolute maneuvering performance decreases: larger whales use lower accelerations and perform slower pitch-changes, rolls and turns than smaller species. We also found that baleen whales exhibit positive allometry of maneuvering performance: relative to their body size, larger whales use higher accelerations, and perform faster pitch-changes, rolls and certain types of turns than smaller species. However, not all maneuvers were impacted by body size in the same way, and we found that larger whales behaviorally adjust for their decreased agility by using turns that they can perform more effectively. The positive allometry of maneuvering performance suggests that large whales have compensated for their increased body size by evolving more effective control surfaces and by preferentially selecting maneuvers that play to their strengths.
The association between FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism and the levels of FOXO3a among chronic granulocytic leukemia patients treated with imatinib mesylate
Authors: Wardhani Shinta Oktya , Susianti Hani , Rahayu Puji , Yueniwati Yuyun Prabowowati , Fajar Jonny Karunia 
Published: March 2022

Background: The gene FOXO3a has been elucidated to govern the development of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). Moreover, it has been suggested that the levels of FOXO3a in circulation are affected by the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism. However, no study has assessed the correlation between the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism and the levels of FOXO3a. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism and the levels of FOXO3a in CGL patients treated with imatinib mesylate. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2019 to February 2020. The genotyping of FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism was conducted using PCR-RFLP, and the levels of FOXO3a were assessed using ELISA. The association between the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism and the levels of FOXO3a were assessed using multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 60 CGL patients were assessed in our study. Among them, the CC, CT, and TT genotypes of the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism were 35.0%, 48.3%, and 16.7% respectively. Our calculation revealed that elevated levels of FOXO3a were found in CGL patients with the CC genotype of the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism. While we failed to clarify the association between either the CT or the TT genotype of FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism and the levels of FOXO3a. Conclusion: Our study identifies that the CC genotype of the FOXO3a rs4946936 gene polymorphism affects the elevated levels of FOXO3a in CGL patients treated with imatinib mesylate.
Role of English language in agricultural organisations
Authors: Bhar Sareen Kaur , Rafik-Galea Shameem 
Published: March 2022

Background – The importance placed on having good English language proficiency and skills to secure employment in Malaysia is a well-known fact. However, very little is known about the role of the English language in multilingual organisations within the agricultural industry in Malaysia. As such, this study aimed to examine the employees’ perception of the use of the English language in a professional context particularly in the Malaysian agricultural and agricultural related sectors.    Methods – A concurrent triangulation design was used to quantitatively evaluate the data. A total of 320 questionnaires from employees of 10 agriculture and agriculture related companies were analysed. Additionally, interviews were also conducted with 10 employers from the human resources department as they provided deep insights into the language matters of the organisations.     Results – The employers and employees agree that English language proficiency has economic value and can play an important role at the workplace, as this skill can influence one’s career path in terms of employability and career progression.     Conclusions - From the standpoint of employees, a more insightful idea on the influence of English on career development in the agricultural industry has been obtained. These findings have implications for learning outcomes of students, education system, and policymakers aspiring for the human capital which is needed for Malaysia to become a high income and developed nation.
Operational Distortion: Compound Effects of Short-Termism and Competition
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Schmidt William 
Published: March 2022

Practitioners and academics alike have argued that a firm’s interest in its short-term capital market valuation (short-termism) is harmful to the firm’s long-term profit. Their argument is intuitive—when a firm exhibits short-termism, its decision making will cater to the short term at the expense of the long term. Some practitioners claim that the adverse effects of increased short-termism become particularly acute in competitive markets. However, there is little academic research that examines the compound effect of short-termism and competition on a firm’s operational choices and long-term profit. In this paper, we provide a rigorous analytical model to examine how short-termism and competition can interact to induce a firm to distort its capacity investment and affect its long-term profit. We model a firm that has private information about its market demand, which can be either high or low and is captured by the firm’s type. Signaling this private information can influence both the investor’s valuation and the competitor’s entry decision. We find that operational distortion can emerge not only when short-termism is large, but also when it is small. In fact, when short-termism is sufficiently small, both firm types will distort their operational decision by underinvesting in a pooling outcome. We show, however, that the impact of short-termism on a firm’s long-term profit is not monotonically negative, and a certain level of short-termism can be beneficial to a firm’s long-term profit. The positive impact of incremental short-termism is robust to alternative modeling assumptions, including the form of competition and the investor’s risk profile. This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.
Doing Well by Doing Good: Improving Retail Store Performance with Responsible Scheduling Practices at the Gap, Inc.
Authors: Kesavan Saravanan , Lambert Susan J. , Williams Joan C. , Pendem Pradeep K. 
Published: March 2022

We estimate the causal effects of responsible scheduling practices on store financial performance at the U.S. retailer Gap, Inc. The randomized field experiment evaluated a multicomponent intervention designed to improve dimensions of work schedules—consistency, predictability, adequacy, and employee control—shown to foster employee well-being. The experiment was conducted in 28 stores in the San Francisco and Chicago metropolitan areas for nine months between November 2015 and August 2016. Intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses indicate that implementing responsible scheduling practices increased store productivity by 5.1%, a result of increasing sales (by 3.3%) and decreasing labor (by 1.8%). Drawing on qualitative interviews with managers and quantitative analyses of employee shift-level data, we offer evidence that the intervention improved financial performance through improved store execution. Our experiment provides evidence that responsible scheduling practices that take worker well-being into account can enhance store productivity by motivating additional employee effort and reducing barriers to employees adhering to the scheduled labor plan. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management. Funding: This research was supported by generous grants from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the Washington Center for Equitable Growth, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Institute of International Education in collaboration with the Ford Foundation, the Center for Popular Democracy, the Suzanne M. Nora Johnson and David G. Johnson Foundation, and Gap, Inc. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4291 .
The Impact of Social Investing on Charitable Donations
Authors: An Jake , Briley Donnel , Danziger Shai , Levi Shai 
Published: March 2022

We examine the impact of social investing on charitable donations using a unique data set consisting of investment behaviors and donation transactions for more than 10,000 customers of an investment app platform. We find that investors switching to a recently introduced social fund reduced their donations, mainly in charities supporting causes similar to those of the social fund. However, 79% of the investors that switched to the social fund did not donate before switching, so the social fund attracted more people to fund social causes. Still, because of the substitution effect, we estimate social funds have a positive effect on society only if their annual contributions to social causes are greater than 3.2% of the balance invested. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Henry Crown Institute of Business Research and the Jeremy Coller Foundation. Supplemental Material: Data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4339 .
Short-Selling Pressure and Workplace Safety: Curbing Short-Termism Through Stakeholder Interdependencies
Authors: Qian Cuili , Crilly Donal , Lin Yupeng , Zhang Keyuan , Zhang Rengong 
Published: March 2022

We advance a multistakeholder framework that highlights the influence of stakeholders in tempering short-termist responses to capital market pressures. When firms face pressure from short sellers in the capital market, they sometimes shift attention to short-term stock performance and neglect critical investments that pay off in the long run. Relying on a quasi-natural experiment and establishment-level data on workplace injuries, we find that short-selling pressure causes an increase in employee injuries. Critically, however, the degree to which the response is short-termist depends on the salience of multiple stakeholders (analysts, shareholders, employees, and managers). We discuss the implications for understanding firms’ relations with their stakeholders and, particularly, how these stakeholders influence corporate responses to capital market pressures in ways that matter for long-term value creation. This study also contributes to strategy research by highlighting the downside of capital market deregulation.Funding: Rengong Zhang acknowledges the financial support from the CityU Strategic Research Grant.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1576 .
Perceptions of green space usage, abundance, and quality of green space were associated with better mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Denver
Authors: Reid Colleen E. , Rieves Emma S. , Carlson Kate 
Published: March 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted both physical and mental health. This study aimed to understand whether exposure to green space buffered against stress and distress during the COVID-19 pandemic while taking into account significant stressors of the pandemic.

Methods
We leveraged a cross-sectional survey on green space exposure and mental health among residents of Denver, CO that ran from November 2019 through January 2021. We measured objective green space as the average NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) from aerial imagery within 300m and 500m of the participant’s residence. Perceived green space was measured through Likert scores on five questions about vegetation near the home that captured perceived abundance, visibility, access, usage, and quality of green space. We used generalized linear models to assess the relationship between each green space exposure variable and perceived stress (PSS-4), depression (CES-D-10), or anxiety (MMPI-2) adjusted for sociodemographic and COVID-19 impact variables.

Results
We found significantly higher depression scores for all covid periods compared to the “before covid” period, and significantly higher anxiety scores during the “fall wave” compared to earlier periods. Adjusted for sociodemographic and pandemic stressors, we found that spending a lot of time in green space (usage) was significantly associated with lower anxiety and depression. We also observed significantly lower depression scores associated with NDVI in both buffers (objective abundance) and significantly lower anxiety scores with perceived abundance of green space. There was some evidence of lower anxiety scores for people reporting having high quality green spaces near the home (quality). We did not observe significant associations for any green space metric and perceived stress after adjustment for confounding variables.

Conclusion
Our work provides further evidence of mental health benefits associated with green space exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic even after adjustment for sociodemographic variables and significant pandemic-related stressors.