bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We’re running out of fuel!”: When does miscommunication go unrepaired?
Authors: Elder Chi-Hé , Beaver David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe introduce a framework for studying repair initiation in the face of miscommunication. Our aim is to seed development of models that both predict when conversational repair is a likely communicative strategy and explain why interlocutors would not engage in repair in the face of conversational difficulty. We identify three factors as critical to the predictability of repair: (i) the extent to which a misalignment is (un)recognized by participants (ignorance); (ii) the significance of misalignment relative to some cluster of goals (cost of misalignment); and (iii) the significance of engaging in repair relative to some cluster of goals (cost of repair). We offer a simple method for graphically depicting relevant aspects of communicative situations and exemplify the framework with examples of non-repaired miscommunication before discussing its applicability to different empirical domains.
“Sorry for your consideration”: The (in)adequacy of English speech act labels in describing ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese
Authors: Diegoli Eugenia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite speech act theory being very influential in pragmatics, the notion of what constitutes a speech act in languages other than English has not received the attention it deserves in the literature. After a brief outline of traditional speech act theory, this paper problematizes the use of English speech act labels by comparing English and Japanese conceptualizations of ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’. The notion of indebtedness and the norm of reciprocity are then discussed, arguing that they can help revealing similarities between ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese that are not observed in English. The second part of the paper is empirical in nature and adopts a corpus-assisted approach. The Japanese expression su(m)imasen [sorry], usually signaled as apologetic, is used as key word in two web corpora of written Japanese for retrieving metapragmatic comments and naturally occurring exchanges where su(m)imasen is framed as an expression of gratitude – a function English apologies do not serve. Finally, the paper proposes the notion of pragmatic space to investigate ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ as neighboring speech acts that overlap to different degrees and present different prototypical features in Japanese and English. The analysis reveals that the acritical use of English speech act labels is not suitable for describing ‘apologies’ and ‘thanks’ in Japanese.
Bibliometrie in Bibliotheken: Antworten auf häufige Fragen
Authors: Sollmann Anett , Tunger Dirk 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Bibliometrie ist ein aktuelles Thema in vielen Bibliotheken. Es ist oft verbunden mit vielen Fragen, die sich auch immer einmal wiederholen. In diesem Beitrag haben die beiden Autoren die 10 häufigsten Fragen hierzu herauskristallisiert und versuchen diesen in einzelnen und voneinander unabhängigen Abschnitten zu beantworten. Sie greifen hierbei Fragen auf zu Datenanbietern wie Web of Sience, Scopus und Dimensions, aber auch PubMed, ArXiv, EconBiz , ebenso wie zu bibliometrischen Indikatoren wie den Journal Impact Factor (JIF), CiteScore (CS), Scimago Journal Rank (SJR), Source Normaliezed Impact per paper (SNIP). Es werden aber auch Schlaglichter auf angrenzende Themen wie Open Access und Altmetrics wie Altmetric.com, Plum Metrik und Article-Level-Metric (ALM) geworfen. Die organisatorische Einbettung, die Frage danach, wie kulturverändernde Themen sich auf Wissenschaftsmanagement und Bibliotheken auswirken sowie der Aspekt, dass Bibliotheken zu diesen datengetriebenen Themen eine Expertenfunktion einnehmen sollten, runden den Beitrag ab.
Instagram in Wirtschaftsarchiven am Beispiel des Historischen Archivs des Ostdeutschen Sparkassenverbandes
Authors: Brunst Saskia 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel behandelt die Einführung von Instagram in (Wirtschafts-)Archiven. Die Foto- und Videoplattform wird in Archiven − im Vergleich zu Facebook und Twitter − bisher am wenigsten verwendet, trotz einer konstant steigenden Anzahl an Nutzenden. Ein Grund dafür könnte sein, dass Archivarinnen und Archivaren keine Anhaltspunkte durch Konzepte, Leitfäden und beispielgebenden Ideen für die Beitragsgestaltung zur Verfügung stehen. Um diesem Zustand entgegenzuwirken, wurden im Rahmen der Bachelorarbeit „Instagram in Wirtschaftsarchiven“ Instagram Beiträge am Beispiel des Historischen Archivs des Ostdeutschen Sparkassenverbandes (OSV) entwickelt und umgesetzt. Diese erschienen von Juli bis Dezember 2021 auf dem Account des OSV. Die Strategieentwicklung, die Umsetzungsbeispiele sowie die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieser praktischen Auseinandersetzung werden in diesem Artikel vorgestellt.
Nützlichkeit und Nutzbarkeit von Metadaten bei der Suche und Bereitstellung von offenen Bildungsressourcen
Authors: Tischler Friedhelm , Heck Tamara , Rittberger Marc 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Pädagogische Informationen über offene Bildungsressourcen (OER) ermöglichen das spezifische Suchen und Teilen dieser Materialien. Der LOM-Standard schlägt u. a. Felder wie Workload, Zielgruppe und Interaktivität vor. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass die Indexierung von Bildungsressourcen mit zusätzlichen Metadaten zeit- und ressourcenaufwendig ist und OER auch von Erstellern und Erstellerinnen direkt publiziert werden wollen, stellt sich die Frage zum einen nach dem Mehrwert der zusätzlichen Informationen für die Suche und zum anderen nach der Schwierigkeit bei deren Erstellung. Viele deutsche OER-Retrievaldienste haben aktuell ein Redaktionsteam, das die Metadaten überprüft und die Dozierenden beim Ausfüllen der Felder berät. Oft sind es jedoch die Dozierenden selbst, die ihre Materialien hochladen und mit Metadaten beschreiben wollen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in einer qualitativ angelegten Studie Hochschullehrende zur Nützlichkeit und Nutzbarkeit von spezifischen pädagogischen Informationen zu Bildungsressourcen befragt. Im zweiten Schritt sollten sie versuchen, selbst diese Angaben auf eigene Bildungsressourcen anzuwenden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für OER im Hochschulbereich nicht alle vorgeschlagenen pädagogischen Informationen zielführend sind. Relevante Metadaten für die Suche sind Art des Lernmaterials, Zielgruppe, Beschreibung und Vorkenntnisse. Hingegen sind Workload und Interaktivität weniger relevant und zudem auch schwieriger für die Dozierenden zu beschreiben. Jedoch kommt bei allen Ergebnissen die Fachspezifität und Diversität der Bildungsressourcen zum Tragen, wie die Auswertungen der Aussagen der Teilnehmenden zeigen. Die Resultate können Anbietern von OER-Repositorien bei der Auswahl geeigneter Metadatenfelder helfen und tragen zur weiteren Klärung von Wertelisten der Metadatenfelder bei.
Effects of face masks on oxygen saturation at graded exercise intensities
Authors: Vishwanath Varnita , Favo Clinnt L. , Tu Trevyn H. , Anderson Blake , Erickson Colby , Scarpulla Megan , Kern Julia , DeWinter Lisa , Gawelko Anette , Bolch Charlotte , Al-Nakkash Layla 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Mask wearing to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and other viral infections may raise concerns on the effects of face masks on breathing and cardiopulmonary health. Non–evidence-based apprehensions may limit the use of masks in public.

Objectives
We will assess the parameters related to heart and lung physiology between healthy male and female adults exposed to wearing face masks (or not) under conditions of rest and graded exercise.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study including 20 male and 20 female adults who met our inclusion criteria. Adults with underlying respiratory and cardiac conditions were excluded. Physiologic parameters were measured while the participants underwent three activity levels (10 min each) in a randomly assigned order: rest, walking, and stair climbing. Each activity level was conducted under three mask conditions: no mask, surgical mask, and N95 respirator. Heart rate (HR) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded via pulse oximeter after each activity. Perceived exertion was recorded utilizing a Borg 15-point scale. A mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to interpret the results.

Results
A significant increase in perceived exertion was reported for N95 users (p<0.0001). There was also a significant increase in mean HR for N95 users in comparison to no-mask users (p=0.0031). The mean SpO2 in females was higher than males under rest and walking conditions (p=0.0055). There was no change in SpO2 between mask type overall, nor between mask type vs. exercise intensity, nor between mask type and sex.

Conclusions
Our findings provide evidence that surgical masks and N95 respirators do not influence SpO2 at rest or during exercise.
A goal based index to analyze the competitive balance of a football league
Authors: Deb Soudeep 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Competitive balance in a football league is extremely important from the perspective of economic growth of the industry. Many researchers have earlier proposed different measures of competitive balance, which are primarily adapted from standard economic theory. However, these measures fail to capture the finer nuances of the game. In this work, we discuss a new framework which is more suitable for a football league. First, we present a mathematical proof of a theoretically optimal situation where a football league becomes perfectly balanced. Next, a goal based index for competitive balance is developed. We present relevant theoretical results and show how the proposed index can be used to formally test for the presence of imbalance. The methods are implemented on the data from the top five European leagues, and it shows that the new approach can be helpful in explaining the changes in the seasonal competitive balance of the leagues. Further, using panel data models, we show that the proposed index is more suitable to analyze the variability in total revenues of the football leagues. We also discuss how the methods can be easily extended to develop other goal-based indices under different modeling assumptions.
Integrated metasurfaces on silicon photonics for emission shaping and holographic projection
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Yen , Fang Shun-Lin , Lin Yu-Siang , Huang Wen-Hsien , Shieh Jia-Min , Yu Peichen , Chang You-Chia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The emerging applications of silicon photonics in free space, such as LiDARs, free-space optical communications, and quantum photonics, urge versatile emission shaping beyond the capabilities of conventional grating couplers. In these applications, silicon photonic chips deliver free-space emission to detect or manipulate external objects. Light needs to emit from a silicon photonic chip to the free space with specific spatial modes, which produce focusing, collimation, orbital angular momentum, or even holographic projection. A platform that offers versatile shaping of free-space emission, while maintaining the CMOS compatibility and monolithic integration of silicon photonics is in pressing need. Here we demonstrate a platform that integrates metasurfaces monolithically on silicon photonic integrated circuits. The metasurfaces consist of amorphous silicon nanopillars evanescently coupled to silicon waveguides. We demonstrate experimentally diffraction-limited beam focusing with a Strehl ratio of 0.82. The focused spot can be switched between two positions by controlling the excitation direction. We also realize a meta-hologram experimentally that projects an image above the silicon photonic chip. This platform can add a highly versatile interface to the existing silicon photonic ecosystems for precise delivery of free-space emission.
A dependent case approach to complex event nominals in standard Arabic
Authors: Ahmed Amer , Lenchuk Iryna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses case assignment in Standard Arabic (SA). It shows that the current Agree-based accounts of case in SA are problematic, as they face problems accounting for case assignment in complex event nominals. Using Baker’s (2015) dependent case theory, we argue that there are two modalities of structural case assignment in SA, i.e., the dependent case and the Agree-based case, and that the latter is only available when the former fails to apply. It is also argued that case assignment takes place at Spell Out, the point where phase heads are merged into the structure. We provide evidence that vP in SA is a soft phase and we claim that v in SA is incapable of assigning the accusative case to the object, due to v’s deficiency. We also claim that a DP of the complex nominal type in SA is a hard phase. SAPROis argued to lack a case feature, and it is therefore neither a proper goal for case in the Agree-based case mechanism, nor is it a proper case trigger/competitor in the dependent case mechanism. We believe that the proposed account solves the problems that previous accounts of case in SA face.
Word-formation and reduplication in standard Arabic: A new distributed morphology approach
Authors: Alqarni Muteb 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current paper aims to capture the properties of reduplication within the distributed morphology model (Halle and Marantz 1993, 1994; Embick and Noyer 2007; Siddiqi 2009; Embick 2010). Taking Standard Arabic (SA) as a representative, the article shows that SA, like many other languages, has both full and partial reduplication. Full reduplication repeats entire stems while partial reduplication doubles part of it. Rather than the available two analyses, i.e. the readjustment approach (Raimy 2000; Frampton 2009) and the affixation approach (Haugen 2008, 2010, 2011; Haugen and Harley 2010), the current paper provides a novel approach to the phenomenon of reduplication in the world languages. It argues that root consonants and vowels should be decomposed into non-phonetic distinctive features that undergo late insertion at PF. These non-phonetic distinctive features are supplied with sound items at PF in the same fashion that the terminal nodes with morphosyntactic features are fed with vocabulary items. This approach serves three purposes. It accounts for speech errors, captures the non-concatenative morphology in Semitic languages, and allows the reduplicant form to copy all the distinctive features of the roots, yielding instances of full reduplication. Instances of partial reduplication can be generated by root-sensitive impoverishment rules which target and delete some of the features of the stem or the reduplicant form.
Formulaic language in oral academic discourse socialization of graduate students in a Northern Cyprus university
Authors: Hadizadeh Abbas , Vefali Gülşen M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSocialization studies have emphasized the concept of indexicality, in that certain linguistic forms, having “salient social meanings and resonances” (Duff 2019: 12), are used to socialize novices to various social dimensions such as social roles, social statuses, power and social identities (Burdelski and Cook 2012). The present study explored, within the framework of second language socialization, how a group of graduate students in a non-western educational context were socialized to oral academic discourse in whole-class discussions through a specific type of formulaic language, lexical bundles. The study employed corpus techniques and conducted frequency and functional analyses of the attested data collected from whole-class discussions by a cohort of graduate candidates over one academic semester in a graduate English Language Teaching (ELT) course. The results of the study revealed that the graduate students used various lexical bundles with varying frequencies and functions that exhibited their socialization into the oral academic discourse of their graduate course community. The findings of the study offer some implications for the socialization role of lexical bundles to respective graduate community discourse in non-western tertiary contexts.
‘Wonder’ Nouns and the Development of a Mirative Constructional Network: An Exercise in Semiotic Diachronic Construction Grammar
Authors: Van linden An , Brems Lieselotte 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the emergence and development of a mirative constructional network involving the shell nounswonder,marvelandchance, called ‘wonder’ nouns here. In combination with negative quantifiers (e.g.no wonder), they can be used either lexically or as part of grammatical, mirative markers, qualifying a proposition as unsurprising in view of another situation. The network emerges in Old English aroundwonder, with three meso-constructions which differ in surface structure but all inherit the anti-concessive discourse schema from the macro-construction, consisting of a proposition, mirative qualifier and justification. Two additional meso-constructions emerge in Middle English, which is also the time when the Romance loanmarveljoins the network, making it gain in schematicity, abstractness and productivity. In Present-day English, another Romance loan,chance, expands the mirative network even more. Throughout time, we observe node loss, node creation, constructional substitution and changes in frequencies of constructions. Theoretically, we propose a semiotic approach to diachronic construction grammar, arguing that multi-sign constructions invariably involve syntagmatic relations, which are themselves form-meaning pairings. This approach allows us to capture generalizations which would otherwise be missed.
Abstract Encoding of Categorical Decisions in Medial Superior Temporal and Lateral Intraparietal Cortices
Authors: Zhou Yang , Mohan Krithika , Freedman David J. 
Published: October 2022

Categorization is an essential cognitive and perceptual process for decision-making and recognition. The posterior parietal cortex, particularly the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area has been suggested to transform visual feature encoding into abstract categorical representations. By contrast, areas closer to sensory input, such as the middle temporal (MT) area, encode stimulus features but not more abstract categorical information during categorization tasks. Here, we compare the contributions of the medial superior temporal (MST) and LIP areas in category computation by recording neuronal activity in both areas from two male rhesus macaques trained to perform a visual motion categorization task. MST is a core motion-processing region interconnected with MT and is often considered an intermediate processing stage between MT and LIP. We show that MST exhibits robust decision-correlated motion category encoding and working memory encoding similar to LIP, suggesting that MST plays a substantial role in cognitive computation, extending beyond its widely recognized role in visual motion processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCategorization requires assigning incoming sensory stimuli into behaviorally relevant groups. Previous work found that parietal area LIP shows a strong encoding of the learned category membership of visual motion stimuli, while visual area MT shows strong direction tuning but not category tuning during a motion direction categorization task. Here we show that the medial superior temporal (MST) area, a visual motion-processing region interconnected with both LIP and MT, shows strong visual category encoding similar to that observed in LIP. This suggests that MST plays a greater role in abstract cognitive functions, extending beyond its well known role in visual motion processing.
International comparison of manifestations and tendencies of registered juvenile delinquency in Lithuania
Authors: Sakalauskas Gintautas , Kalpokas Vaidas , Buzaitytė-Kašalynienė Jolita , Švedaitė-Sakalauskė Birutė 
Published: October 2022

In the article manifestations of registered juvenile delinquency, its‘ structure and tendencies in Lithuania are analyzed, Lithuanian indicators are also compared with the indicators of other European countries. The comparative study shows large differences in registered juvenile delinquency, which are primarily determined by different scopes of criminalization of delinquency, different intensity of formal control, as well as different rules for registering juvenile delinquency. The absolute indicators of registered juvenile criminal offences in Lithuania have been decreasing for the past two decades, and the relative indicators of registered juvenile criminal behavior have also been consistently decreasing for the last five years. 2020–2021 the number of administrative offenses committed by minors in Lithuania also decreased, which is primarily associated with restrictions in public life introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Serious violent crimes by minors, characterized by low latency, are often widely described in the media, and constitute a small part of the structure of crimes committed by minors in Lithuania, and the number of murders is consistently decreasing – in 2021 it was the smallest during the entire period of independent Lithuania – only one murder was registered. After completing this study, it can be said that the indicators of registered juvenile delinquency compared to other countries should be seen first of all as an output of the juvenile behavior control mechanisms operating in each country, which tells little about the real extent of juvenile delinquency. The minor juvenile delinquency is more latent and its rates should be first evaluated. Cases of serious delinquency are characterized by a much lower latency, but in this case too, in order to compare registered delinquency, it is necessary to simultaneously assess complex differences in criminal prosecution between countries.
Moral Self-Realization in Kant and Spinoza
Authors: Kozyra Wojciech 
Published: October 2022

Spinoza and Kant are considered to be polar opposites with respect to ethics. The radical difference between them is supposed to consist in Spinoza’s ethical egoism, or interest-based Strebensethik, and Kant’s duty-cantered, deontological Sollensethik. I challenge this opposition and argue that both in Kant and Spinoza we deal with a notion of the self’s realization that is “interest”-based and therefore does not involve self-sacrifice. I show, on the one hand, that the streben in Spinoza’s Strebensethik consists in realising one’s essentially human interest, which resides in ethical-rational action, and, on the other hand, that sollen in Kant’s Sollensethik is in fact a streben of the Kantian “proper self” (eigentliches Selbst) after the realization of its ethical-rational interest.