bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does prophylactic low-dose amiodarone decrease the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Ghoneim Ahmed Emadeldeen , Abdel Wahab Amr Abdel Elmonem , Mahmoud Alaa Basiouni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurs within 1 to 5 days after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with a peak occurrence on the second day. This research aimed to assess the role of dose-low amiodarone in the prevention of POAF after CABG.

Methods
This randomized controlled blind-single study was carried out on 150 patients undergoing elective CABG with sinus rhythm. Cases were randomized into two equal groups. The placebo group received matching placebo tablets. The amiodarone group received a prophylactic oral amiodarone 5 mg/kg/day for 6 days before and 6 days after surgery.

Results
The incidence of POAF was significantly lower in the amiodarone group compared to the placebo group (16% vs 33.3%, P = 0.013) with a relative risk of 0.48 times (95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.88). The onset of POAF, percent of patients responded to medication, and time elapsed to respond to medication were insignificantly different between both groups. The mean (± SD) of ICU stay was 2.51 ± 1.11 days in the amiodarone group versus 3.31 ± 1.83 days in the placebo group, and the mean (± SD) of hospital stay duration was 10 ± 1.99 days in the amiodarone group versus 12.72 ± 2.23 days in the placebo group. The length of ICU admission and hospital stay was significantly lower in the amiodarone group than in the placebo group (P = 0.002 and < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Low-dose oral amiodarone was effective in POAF prevention after CABG with a lower length of ICU admission and hospital stay.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Register PACTR202101651961317. Registered on 21 January 2021
Microstructural analysis of iron ore samples with bitumen as a binder
Authors: Ansari Qazi Abdul Khalique , Soni Hira Lal , Channa Abdul Sami , Mangi Kashif Hussain , Ansari Suhaib 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the present investigation, the direct reduction of magnetite and hematite powder with and without 5% bitumen at various temperatures has been studied in a hydrogen atmosphere. The prepared samples were fired in the temperature range of 673–1373 K to observe the weight loss and to find the effect of the bitumen in the samples. The microstructural results show that bitumen mixed with iron ore powder exhibited a more porous structure with cracks after reduction at 773 K and 973 K respectively. At temperatures above 1073 K, the carbon present in bitumen contributed to an enhanced rate of reduction of iron oxide samples. It was observed that, the reactivity of samples was affected by the level of impurities, crystal structure, binder, and composition of the reducing agent.
Graphical Abstract
The great safety net: the inherent jurisdiction and vulnerable adults
Authors: Brindle Nick , Jawaid Zumer Arif , Kennedy Michael 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYClinicians should be aware of the inherent jurisdiction of the High Court in providing a ‘safety net’ to protect ‘vulnerable’ adults who are not within the scope of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) or the Mental Health Act (MHA) 1983. Many situations in which the inherent jurisdiction has been deployed have been to safeguard vulnerable adults where there is abuse, coercion or undue influence, but the person does not lack decision-making capacity under the MCA. We explain the nature of the inherent jurisdiction, including descriptions of concepts surrounding ‘vulnerability’; as an intervention of last resort, we consider what statutory alternatives may exist, including safeguarding law under the Care Act 2014; we discuss decision-making capacity in relation to contact with others and, using real cases, the types of order that may be made under the court's inherent jurisdiction. It is important to be mindful that although there may be a legal remedy to safeguard this ‘vulnerable but capacitous’ group, there is a delicate and challenging balance between protecting those at risk and respecting their autonomy.
Challenging behaviour in children with developmental disabilities: an overview of behavioural assessment and treatment methods
Authors: Tevis Celeste , Matson Johnny L. 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYChallenging behaviours often co-occur at high rates among those with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Challenging behaviours, including self-injury, aggression and property destruction, can be associated with social impairment and increased caregiver demands and stress. These behaviours often arise from and are maintained by a combination of biological and environmental risk factors throughout the lifespan. Given the impact of challenging behaviours on development, function-based assessment and intervention approaches are crucial. The prevalence, risk factors, assessment tools and evidence-based treatment options utilised for individuals with developmental disorders are discussed.
Digital literacy in contemporary mental healthcare: online assessments and mobile health apps
Authors: Tracy Derek K. , Gadelrab Romayne , Rahim Ayesha , Pendlebury Gabrielle , Reza Hashim , Bhattacharya Rahul , Bachlani Asif , Worlley Katherine , Rigby David , Heath Maria , Dave Subodh 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARY‘Digital’ is an omnipresent yet often vague, misunderstood or feared topic in health services. There are many current and potential gains for individual patients and local populations, clinicians and organisations through optimisation of digital technologies. We argue that understanding the various aspects of digital psychiatry is an essential contemporary need. This is the first of two articles on the subject, exploring the gains and challenges of virtual/online assessments, including ethical considerations and the use of virtual reality and electronic prescribing.
Lower Bone Turnover and Skeletal PTH Responsiveness in Japanese Compared to European Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Evenepoel Pieter , Jørgensen Hanne Skou , Komaba Hirotaka , Mazzaferro Sandro , Vervloet Marc , Cavalier Etienne , Fukagawa Masafumi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Context
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment targets for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) are lower in Japan than in Europe. Whether this translates to lower bone turnover is unknown and could depend on skeletal PTH responsiveness.

Objective
This study investigates whether skeletal PTH responsiveness is better preserved in Japanese vs European patients receiving HD.

Methods
This is a post hoc analysis of data from 2 prospective cohort studies, using a case-control design. Patients receiving chronic intermittent HD therapy were eligible for inclusion. Participating Belgian and Japanese patients (n = 374) were matched 1:1 by age (59 ± 12 years), sex (66% male), diabetes (34%), and dialysis duration (39 months [22-63 months]). PTH, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b) were measured centrally in Liège, Belgium.

Results
Japanese patients had lower levels of iPTH (207 vs 268 pg/mL; P &lt; .001), BALP (15.3 vs 24.5 μg/L; P &lt; .001), and TRAP5b (3.35 vs 5.79 U/L; P &lt; .001). Linear regression analyses revealed lower levels of bone turnover markers for any given level of PTH in Japanese vs Belgian patients, indicating lower skeletal PTH responsiveness. Consistently, bone turnover markers were significantly lower in Japanese vs Belgian patients when stratifying or matching according to PTH levels. Male sex, obesity, and hyperphosphatemia were the main determinants of the bone turnover marker/PTH ratios.

Conclusion
Japanese patients receiving HD have lower bone turnover than their European counterparts, even at similar PTH levels. The rationale for the current regional differences in PTH treatment targets remains obscure and deserves further attention.
Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Health During Pregnancy: A Compositional Data Approach
Authors: Sandborg Johanna , Migueles Jairo H. , Söderström Emmie , Blomberg Marie , Henriksson Pontus , Löf Marie 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of 24-hour movement behaviors (sleep, sedentary behavior [SB], light physical activity [LPA] and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) with body composition and cardiometabolic health in i) early-, and ii) late pregnancy (gestational weeks 14 and 37).

Methods
This observational study utilized cross-sectional (n = 273) and longitudinal data (n = 242) from the HealthyMoms trial. Time spent in movement behaviors over seven consecutive 24-hour periods (ActiGraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer), body composition (Bod Pod), and cardiometabolic health indicators (glucose levels, homeostatic model for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], systolic and diastolic blood pressure, metabolic syndrome [MetS] score) were measured in early and late pregnancy.

Results
In early pregnancy, reallocating time to MVPA from LPA, SB, and sleep was associated with lower MetS score (adj. γ = -0.343, P = 0.002). Correspondingly, reallocating time to LPA from SB and sleep in early pregnancy was associated with lower body weight (adj. γ = -5.959, P = 0.047) and HOMA-IR (adj. γ = -0.557, P = 0.031) at the same time point. Furthermore, reallocating time to LPA from SB and sleep in early pregnancy was associated with lower fat mass index (adj. γ = -0.668, P = 0.028), glucose levels (adj. γ = -0.315, P = 0.006), HOMA-IR (adj. γ = -0.779, P = 0.004) and MetS score (adj. γ = -0.470, P = 0.027) in late pregnancy. The changes in behaviors throughout pregnancy were not associated with body weight, body composition and MetS score in late pregnancy.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that increasing LPA or MVPA while reducing SB and sleep was associated with lower weight and more favorable cardiometabolic health in early pregnancy. In contrast, LPA in early pregnancy seems to be a stimulus of enough intensity to improve body composition and cardiometabolic health indicators in late pregnancy.
Ibuprofen Increases Markers of Intestinal Barrier Injury But Suppresses Inflammation at Rest and After Exercise in Hypoxia
Authors: MCKENNA ZACHARY J. , DUCHARME JEREMY B. , BERKEMEIER QUINT N. , SPECHT JONATHAN W. , FENNEL ZACHARY J. , GILLUM TREVOR L. , DEYHLE MICHAEL R. , AMORIM FABIANO T. , MERMIER CHRISTINE M. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute ibuprofen consumption (2 × 600-mg doses) on markers of enterocyte injury, intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) distress at rest and after exercise in hypobaric hypoxia.

Methods
Using a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, nine men (age, 28 ± 3 yr; weight, 75.4 ± 10.5 kg; height, 175 ± 7 cm; body fat, 12.9% ± 5%; V̇O2peak at 440 torr, 3.11 ± 0.65 L·min−1) completed a total of three visits including baseline testing and two experimental trials (placebo and ibuprofen) in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 4300 m. Preexercise and postexercise blood samples were assayed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), ileal bile acid binding protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10. Intestinal permeability was assessed using a dual sugar absorption test (urine lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio).

Results
Resting I-FABP (906 ± 395 vs 1168 ± 581 pg·mL−1; P = 0.008) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (1512 ± 297 vs 1642 ± 313 ng·mL−1; P = 0.014) were elevated in the ibuprofen trial. Likewise, the urine lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio (0.217 vs 0.295; P = 0.047) and the preexercise to postexercise change in I-FABP (277 ± 308 vs 498 ± 479 pg·mL−1; P = 0.021) were greater in the ibuprofen trial. Participants also reported greater upper GI symptoms in the ibuprofen trial (P = 0.031). However, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.007) and TNF-α (P = 0.047) were lower throughout the ibuprofen trial compared with placebo (main effect of condition).

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that acute ibuprofen ingestion aggravates markers of enterocyte injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction at rest and after exercise in hypoxia. However, ibuprofen seems to suppress circulating markers of inflammation.
Quality of life of patients after inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Shkarban Victor , Bulyk Ivan , Gutculiak Andrii , Prudnikov Oleksandr 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Endoscopic procedures for inguinal hernia repair have become widespread. There are many methods of such treatment: transinguinal preperitoneal mesh-plasty (TIPP), TAPP, TEP, MINI (combination of TEP and TAPP). However, the most common among them are TAPP and TEP. Despite the fact that these procedures are now common in many hospitals, the choice of tactics and repair procedures for different types of inguinal hernias is still uncertain. First, it concerns the quality of life of patients.
Aim. The aim of this study was to compare TAPP, TEP and Lichtenstein based on quality of life analysis using the EuraHS-QoL scale.
Materials and methods. We performed surgical treatment of inguinal hernia in 211 patients. Lichtenstein's procedure was performed in 65 patients (Lichtenstein group), transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair in 81 patients (TAPP group) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair in 65 patients (TEP group). We assessed quality of life using a special scale for hernias (EuraHS-QoL). The missing values were treated according to the instructions of the validation study.
Results and discussion. As we expected, inguinal hernia repair improved EuraHS-QoL scores in all groups. In the Lichtenstein group, the total mean decreased from 51.2 to 11.8 (4.3 times) (r=-0.13), in the TAPP group – from 51.1 to 9.9 (5.2 times), in the TEP group – from 51.2 to 12.6 (4.1 times). Cosmetic discomfort was highest at the follow-up visit in patients in the Lichtenstein group (4.2). In the TAPP group, this indicator was probably (p<0.05) the smallest (3.0). Low-traumatic methods of operations in modern surgery are priorities today. The Lichtenstein procedure, despite its simplicity, is a traumatic operation compared to TAPP and TEP.
Conclusions. Different options for inguinal hernia repair, which are based on the tension-free principle of inguinal canal correction, can be useful. However, when we analyzed the quality of life according to the EuraHS-QoL scale, we decided that transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair is the most optimal in terms of various indicators.
Topography stitching in the spatial frequency domain for the representation of mid-spatial frequency errors
Authors: Sekman Yusuf , Trost Marcus , Lammers Tom , Hartung Johannes , Risse Stefan , Schröder Sven 
Published: September 2022

Sub-aperture fabrication techniques such as diamond turning, ion beam figuring, and bonnet polishing are indispensable tools in today’s optical fabrication chain. Each of these tools addresses different figure and roughness imperfections corresponding to a broad spatial frequency range. Their individual effects, however, cannot be regarded as completely independent from each other due to the concurrent formation of form and finish errors, particularly in the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) region. Deterministic Zernike polynomials and statistical power spectral density (PSD) functions are often used to represent form and finish errors, respectively. Typically, both types of surface errors are treated separately when their impact on optical performance is considered: (i) wave aberrations caused by figure errors and (ii) stray light resulting from surface roughness. To fill the gap between deterministic and statistical descriptions, a generalized surface description is of great importance for bringing versatility to the entire optical fabrication chain by enabling easy and quick exchange of surface topography data between three disciplines: optical design, manufacturing, and characterization. In this work, we present a surface description by stitching the amplitude and unwrapped phase spectra of several surface topography measurements at different magnifications. An alternative representation of surface errors at different regimes is proposed, allowing us to bridge the gap between figure and finish as well as to describe the well-known MSF errors.
MORFODINÂMICA E CORRENTES DE RETORNO DAS PRAIAS DO ATALAIA E CABEÇUDAS, ITAJAÍ - SC
Authors: Berribilli Marcos Paulo , Alves Thiago Pereira , Araujo Rafael Sangoi 
Published: September 2022

Variações naturais do nível do mar, mudanças climáticas e ações antrópicas fazem do ambiente costeiro um local dinâmico. O entendimento dos processos costeiros que ocorrem nas praias apresenta-se cada vez mais necessário para analisar as mudanças que ocorrem na morfodinâmica associadas às variações climáticas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variação da morfológia e da sedimentologia em duas praias de Santa Catarina durante as estações do ano, entre o período de agosto de 2017 a agosto de 2018. Também foram mapeadas as correntes de retorno durante a temporada de verão (2017/2018) e registrados os respectivos acidentes por arrastamento identificando os locais com maiores riscos aos banhistas. Quatro perfis transversais ao longo da praia de Cabeçudas e quatro na praia do Atalaia foram monitorados por levantamento topográficos com periocidade mensal utilizando-se o programa BMAP – Beach Morphodinamics Analysis Package para análise da largura e volume de cada perfil. As larguras das praias variam entre 32 a 115 m e o volume de 35,63m³/m a 179,62m³/m. A sedimentologia foi analisada, através do software SYSGRAN versão 3.0, demonstrou que a praia de Cabeçudas apresentou areia fina e média com granulometria entre 0,22 a 0,39 mm. Já a praia do Atalaia apresentou areia fina com granulometria entre 0,14 a 0,20 mm. Com os parâmetros analisados constatou que a classificação morfodinâmica da praia de Cabeçudas foi reflectiva, enquanto a praia do Atalaia apresentou um estágio dissipativo. Foram observadas de 6 pontos de corrente de retorno na praia de Cabeçudas e 7 pontos de incidência na praia do Atalaia. Embora os números de pontos de corrente de retorno tenham sido similares, os acidentes na praia do Atalaia (35) foram um pouco mais que o dobro do que na praia de Cabeçudas (15). A praia do Atalaia se apresentou mais estável, com acréscimo de sedimento, enquanto Cabeçudas mais instável, variando entre perda e acréscimo de sedimentos. Provavelmente essa diferença seja decorrência dos diferentes estágios de preservação entre as duas praias. A praia do Atalaia apresenta um maior perigo aos banhistas com mais locais de incidência de correntes e maior índice de acidentes por arrastamento.
Kontaminasi Logam Pb (Timbal) pada Anadara granosa di Pantai Utara Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Sari Meitha Permata , Riyantini Indah , Ihsan Yudi Nurul 
Published: September 2022

Laut dan pesisir Kabupaten Cirebon banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pertambakan, penggunaan lahan mangrove, penangkapan ikan, dan budidaya perairan. Meningkatnya aktivitas domestik, rumah tangga, dan industri memberikan dampak negatif bagi perairan laut yakni pencemaran. Pencemaran yang terjadi salah satunya ialah pencemaran logam Pb terhadap Anadara granosa atau kerang dara. Anadara granosa merupakan hewan bentik dan filter feeder dimana akumulasi logam Pb lebih besar dibandingkan dengan biota laut lain, hal tersebut perlu diperhatikan mengingat kerang dara diminati oleh masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mendapatkan kadar logam Pb pada substrat, air laut, dan Anadara granosa yang diambil dari Kecamatan Gunung Jati, Kabupaten Cirebon sebagai wilayah penangkapan ikan. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode survey dan penentuan stasiun penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pada setiap stasiun dilakukan pengambilan sampel substrat, air laut, dan Anadara granosa untuk diketahui kadar logam Pb. Penentuan kadar logam Pb pada sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjajaran Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat merujuk pada pedoman SNI 066992.3-2004 menggunakan instrumen Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar logam Pb substrat sebesar 19,53 mg/l, air laut sebesar 0,16 mg/l, Anadara granosa sebesar 1,07 mg/kg. The sea and coast of the Cirebon Regency are widely used for aquaculture, mangrove land use, fishing, and aquaculture. Increasing domestic, household and industrial activities harm marine waters, namely pollution. One of the pollutions that occur is the contamination of Pb metal against Anadara granosa or virgin shells. The hyena shells are benthic animals and filter feeders where the accumulation of Pb metal is greater than that of another marine biota, it is necessary to pay attention to this, considering that the hymen is in demand by the public for consumption. The purpose of this study was to obtain Pb levels in the substrate, seawater, and virgin clams. The method used is a survey method and the determination of the research station using a purposive sampling method. At each station, substrate, seawater, and virgin shellfish were sampled to determine the Pb metal content. Determination of Pb metal content in the sample using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average Pb content of the substrate was 19.53 mg/l, seawater was 0.16 mg/l, and virgin clams were 1.07 mg/kg.