bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability based on vulnerability scoring diagram model in Shennongjia, China
Authors: Cao Jia-shuo , Yang Yu-qi , Deng Zheng-yu , Hu Yuan-dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShennongjia is one of the most important ecological function areas and ecologically vulnerable zones in the world. With the rapid development of social economies, especially tourism, the ecological environment of Shennongjia has experienced profound changes. Exploring the characteristics and changing trends of ecological environment in Shennongjia will help to analyze the causes of the damage to the ecological environment, and build a vulnerability analysis framework with multi-scale, multi-element, multi-flow, and multi-circulation characteristics, which provides an effective research paradigm and analysis tool for the study of regional ecological vulnerability. With the support of RS and GIS technology, this study uses spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) and the vulnerability scoring diagram (VSD) model to comprehensively and quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in Shennongjia from 1996 to 2018. The VSD model was selected to decompose the vulnerability into three components of "exposure-sensitivity-adaptation", and 16 indicators were selected to construct an ecological vulnerability evaluation system in Shennongjia, and the evaluation data were organized in a progressive and detailed way. (1) During the study period, the overall ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia is in a mild vulnerability level, exhibiting differentiation characteristics of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. High vulnerability zones are mainly distributed in the main towns and roads. (2) The risk of ecological vulnerability of the entire region presents the characteristics of continuous decline. (3) Land-use types, population density, and vegetation coverage are the main factors driving the evolution of ecological vulnerability. (4) A high level of coupling coordination exists between ecological vulnerability and landscape patterns. Analyses of the ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia shows that the entire region is in a mild vulnerability level. The extreme vulnerability risk of the ecological environment shows polarization. The evolution of ecological environment in Shennongjia is the result of the interaction between human activities and natural environment. This study offers an effective way to assess ecological vulnerability and provides some strategies and guidance for improving ecological security.
MiRNAs in milk can be used towards early prediction of mammary gland inflammation in cattle
Authors: Tzelos T. , Ho W. , Charmana V. Iliadi , Lee S. , Donadeu F. X. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConsidering the importance of early disease detection for reducing the huge financial and animal welfare impact of bovine mastitis globally, improved tools are urgently needed that can accurately detect early mammary inflammation. MiRNAs have demonstrated value as disease biomarkers, however, their potential for accurately detecting early mammary inflammation has not been examined in detail. To address this, we investigated the association between levels of four inflammation-associated miRNAs (bta-miR-26a, bta-miR-142-5p, bta-miR-146a and bta-miR-223) and CMT scores (0 to 3) obtained from a large number of individual quarter milk samples (n = 236) collected from dairy cows at different lactations (1 to 4). Initial analyses (n = 21 samples) confirmed that the levels of each of bta-miR-142-5p, bta-miR-146a and bta-miR-223 in whole milk were significantly correlated with mRNA levels of known inflammatory markers (HP, TNF, CXCL8 and IL1B) in milk cells (Rho ≥ 0.49, P < 0.005). Subsequent analyses (n = 215 samples) revealed a significant effect of CMT score on each of the four miRNAs analysed (P < 0.0001), characterised by a progressive increase in miRNA levels in milk as CMT score increase from 0 to > 1. Moreover, a significant effect of lactation number (P < 0.01) for bta-miR-26a, bta-miR-142-5p and bta-miR-146a was attributed to higher miRNA levels during lactation 1 than later lactations. Finally, by generating ROC curves we showed that bta-miR-223 and bta-miR-142-5p levels could identify early inflammatory changes in individual quarter milk samples (CMT1) with high accuracy (100% sensitivity, > 81% specificity). Our results provide novel proof of the value of miRNAs as early diagnostic biomarkers of bovine mastitis.
Altering the localization and toxicity of arsenic in rice grain
Authors: Limmer Matt A. , Seyfferth Angelia L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious work has shown that inorganic As localizes in rice bran whereas DMA localizes in the endosperm, but less is known about co-localization of As and S species and how they are affected by growing conditions. We used high-resolution synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging to image As and S species in rice grain from plants grown to maturity in soil (field and pot) and hydroponically (DMA or arsenite dosed) at field-relevant As concentrations. In hydroponics, arsenite was localized in the ovular vascular trace (OVT) and the bran while DMA permeated the endosperm and was absent from the OVT in all grains analyzed, and As species had no affect on S species. In pot studies, soil amended with Si-rich rice husk with higher DMA shifted grain As into the endosperm for both japonica and indica ecotypes. In field-grown rice from low-As soil, As localized in the OVT as arsenite glutathione, arsenite, and DMA. Results support a circumferential model of grain filling for arsenite and DMA and show Si-rich soil amendments alter grain As localization, potentially lessening risk to rice consumers.
Dynamic response analysis of a whole steel frame solar greenhouse under wind loads
Authors: Li Xiaoye , Wang Cong , Jiang Yingchun , Bai Yikui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, whole steel frame steel greenhouses have become increasingly prevalent. With the characteristics of large flexibility and small mass, whole steel frame steel greenhouses are sensitive to wind loads. However, studies on the safety of whole steel frame steel greenhouses under wind loads are still limited. In this study, a 10 m span whole steel frame solar greenhouse was taken as the research objective. Taking the Davenport spectrum as the target spectrum, the time history of the wind speed was simulated by the harmonic superposition method. The finite element model of the greenhouse structure was established using ANSYS software. The simulated wind pressure was applied on the greenhouse structure for dynamic response analysis. The dynamic response results were compared with the static analysis results under average wind load. The results showed that the greenhouse structure mainly bears bending stress under wind load. The bending stress, axial stress and displacement of the greenhouse skeleton under average wind loads are lower than those under instantaneous wind loads. It is necessary to consider the dynamic characteristics of wind loads in the design of solar greenhouses. A wind-induced vibration coefficient is obtained, which can be used to convert the dynamic load into the equivalent static load and improve its design efficiency.
mtDNA haplogroup A enhances the effect of obesity on the risk of knee OA in a Mexican population
Authors: Ramos-Louro Paula , Arellano Pérez Vertti Rubén Daniel , Reyes Alberto López , Martínez-Nava Gabriela Angélica , Espinosa Rolando , Pineda Carlos , González Galarza Faviel Francisco , Argüello Astorga Rafael , Aguilar Muñiz Lizette Sarai , Hernández Terán Fernando , Parra Torres Nancy Marbella , Durán Sotuela Alejandro , Fernández-Moreno Mercedes , Balboa Barreiro Vanesa , Blanco Francisco J. , Rego-Pérez Ignacio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the influence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups on the risk of knee OA in terms of their interaction with obesity, in a population from Mexico. Samples were obtained from (n = 353) knee OA patients (KL grade ≥ I) and (n = 364) healthy controls (KL grade = 0) from Mexico city and Torreon (Mexico). Both Caucasian and Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups were assigned by single base extension assay. A set of clinical and demographic variables, including obesity status, were considered to perform appropriate statistical approaches, including chi-square contingency tables, regression models and interaction analyses. To ensure the robustness of the predictive model, a statistical cross-validation strategy of B = 1000 iterations was used. All the analyses were performed using boot, GmAMisc and epiR package from R software v4.0.2 and SPSS software v24. The frequency distribution of the mtDNA haplogroups between OA patients and healthy controls for obese and non-obese groups showed the haplogroup A as significantly over-represented in knee OA patients within the obese group (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.22–4.05; p-value = 0.008). The subsequent logistic regression analysis, including as covariate the interaction between obesity and mtDNA haplogroup A, supported the significant association of this interaction (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.24–5.32; p-value = 0.011). The statistical cross-validation strategy confirmed the robustness of the regression model. The data presented here indicate a link between obesity in knee OA patients and mtDNA haplogroup A.
Microbiota transplantation in portal hypertension: promises and pitfalls
Authors: Mitten Emilie K. , Baffy György 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss new findings indicating that microbiota transplantation has favorable impact on portal hypertension (PH) in the experimental model of cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) (Huang et al.; Clin Sci (Lond) (2021) 135(24): 2709–2728, doi: 10.1042/CS20210602). Sinusoidal PH is an ominous outcome of advanced chronic liver disease, characterized by increased intrahepatic vascular resistance (IHVR), splanchnic hyperemia, and the development of portosystemic collaterals. In the work of Huang et al., microbiota transplantation not only alleviated splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation by improving vascular responsiveness and decreasing mesenteric angiogenesis, but also reduced blood flow in portosystemic collaterals. Surprisingly, however, microbiota transplantation had no effect on intrahepatic vasoconstriction in this experimental model. We discuss these observations in the context of recent literature showing that manipulation of the gut microbiota (either by transplantation or through the use of probiotics) may improve IHVR, which is one of the earliest abnormalities in the pathogenesis of sinusoidal PH. Further research is needed to explore the specific molecular and cellular targets associated with the correction of dysbiosis in liver disease.
Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA)
Authors: van Terwisga S. E. , Hacar A. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Oonk R. , Portegies Zwart S. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Surveys of protoplanetary disks in nearby star-forming regions (SFRs) have provided important information on their demographics. However, due to their sample sizes, these surveys cannot be used to study how disk properties vary with the environment.
Aims. We conduct a survey of the unresolved millimeter continuum emission of 873 protoplanetary disks identified by Spitzer in the L1641 and L1647 regions of the Orion A cloud. This is the largest such survey yet, allowing us to identify even weak trends in the median disk mass as a function of position in the cloud and cluster membership. The sample detection rates and median masses are also compared to those of nearby (<300 pc) SFRs.
Methods. The sample was observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 225 GHz, with a median rms of 0.08 mJy beam−1, or 1.5 M⊕. The data were reduced and imaged using an innovative parallel data processing approach.
Results. We detected 58% (502/873) of the observed disks. This includes 20 disks with dust masses >100 M⊕, and two objects associated with extended dust emission. By fitting a log-normal distribution to the data, we infer a median disk dust mass in the full sample of 2.2−0.2+0.2 M⊕. In L1641 and L1647, median dust masses are 2.1−0.2+0.2M⊕ and 2.6−0.5+0.4M⊕, respectively.
Conclusions. The disk mass distribution of the full sample is similar to that of nearby low-mass SFRs at similar ages of 1–3 Myr. We find only weak trends in disk (dust) masses with galactic longitude and between the Young Stellar Object (YSO) clusters identified in the sample, with median masses varying by ≲50%. Differences in age may explain the median disk mass variations in our subsamples. Apart from this, disk masses are essentially constant at scales of ~100 pc. This also suggests that the majority of disks, even in different SFRs, are formed with similar initial masses and evolve at similar rates, assuming no external irradiation, with disk mass loss rates of ~10−8 M⊙ yr−1.
Non-thermal emission in hyper-velocity and semi-relativistic stars
Authors: Martinez J. R. , del Palacio S. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Romero G. E. 
Published: March 2022

Context.There is a population of runaway stars that move at extremely high speeds with respect to their surroundings. The fast motion and the stellar wind of these stars, plus the wind-medium interaction, can lead to particle acceleration and non-thermal radiation.Aims.We characterise the interaction between the winds of fast runaway stars and their environment, in particular to establish their potential as cosmic-ray accelerators and non-thermal emitters.Methods.We model the hydrodynamics of the interaction between the stellar wind and the surrounding material. We self-consistently calculate the injection and transport of relativistic particles in the bow shock using a multi-zone code, and compute their broadband emission from radio toγ-rays.Results.Both the forward and reverse shocks are favourable sites for particle acceleration, although the radiative efficiency of particles is low and therefore the expected fluxes are in general rather faint.Conclusions.We show that high-sensitivity observations in the radio band can be used to detect the non-thermal radiation associated with bow shocks from hyper-velocity and semi-relativistic stars. Hyper-velocity stars are expected to be modest sources of sub-TeV cosmic rays, accounting perhaps for ∼0.1% of that of galactic cosmic rays.
CRIRES high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of diffuse interstellar band profiles
Authors: Ebenbichler A. , Postel A. , Przybilla N. , Seifahrt A. , Weßmayer D. , Kausch W. , Firnstein M. , Butler K. , Kaufer A. , Linnartz H. 
Published: March 2022

Aims. A high spectral resolution investigation of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in the near-infrared (YJ band) is conducted to test new methods, to confirm and improve existing parameters, and to search for new DIBs.
Methods. The CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) on the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope was employed to obtain spectra of four reddened background supergiant stars (HD 183143, HD 165784, HD 92207, HD 111613) and an unreddened comparison star (HD 87737) at the highest resolution of R ≈ 100 000 currently achievable at near-infrared wavelengths, more than twice as high as accomplished in previous near-infrared DIB studies. The correction for telluric absorption was performed by a modelling approach. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium spectral modelling of available optical and the new near-infrared stellar spectra facilitated a comprehensive characterisation of the atmospheric properties of the background stars. As a consequence, a more precise and accurate determination of the reddening and the reddening law along the respective sight lines could be achieved than feasible before by comparison of the observed and model spectral energy distributions. For DIBs that overlap with stellar lines the DIB profile shapes could be recovered.
Results. Seventeen known near-infrared DIBs were confirmed, and 12 previously unknown and generally weaker DIBs were identified in the YJ band. Three DIBs that show uniform profiles along all sight lines were identified, possibly connected to transitions from a common lower state of the same carrier. The divergent extinction curve towards the frequently discussed DIB standard star HD 183143 could be reproduced for the first time, requiring extra absorption by ~3.5 mag due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to match the ultraviolet extinction bump. This extra absorption probably stems from a circumstellar bubble lying in front of the star which is intersected tangentially by the line of sight, making this particular sight line more peculiar than standard.
Distance to the Brick cloud using stellar kinematics
Authors: Martínez-Arranz Á. , Schödel R. , Nogueras-Lara F. , Shahzamanian B. 
Published: March 2022

Context.The central molecular zone at the Galactic center is currently being studied intensively to understand how star formation proceeds under the extreme conditions of a galactic nucleus. Knowing the position of molecular clouds along the line of sight toward the Galactic center has had important implications in our understanding of the physics of the gas and star formation in the central molecular zone. It was recently claimed that the dense molecular cloud G0.253 + 0.016 (the Brick) has a distance of ∼7.20 kpc from the Sun. That would place it outside of the central molecular zone, and therefore of the nuclear stellar disk, but still inside the Bulge.Aims.Theoretical considerations as well as observational studies show that stars that belong to the nuclear stellar disk have different kinematics from those that belong to the inner Bulge. Therefore, we aim to constrain the distance to the Brick by studying the proper motions of the stars in the area.Methods.We used ESO HAWK-I/VLT imaging data from epochs 2015 and 2019 to compute proper motions on the Brick and in a nearby comparison field free of dark clouds.Results.The stellar population seen toward the nuclear stellar disk shows the following three kinematic components: (1) Bulge stars with an isotropic velocity dispersion of ∼3.5 micro-arc second per year; (2) eastward moving stars on the near side of the nuclear stellar disk; and (3) westward moving stars on the far side of the nuclear stellar disk. We clearly see all three components toward the comparison field. However, toward the Brick, which blocks the light from stars behind it, we can only see kinematic components (1) and (2).Conclusions.While the Brick blocks the light from stars on the far side of the nuclear stellar disk, the detection of a significant component of eastward streaming stars implies that the Brick must be located inside the nuclear stellar disk and, therefore, that it forms part of the central molecular zone.
Structural determinants of dual incretin receptor agonism by tirzepatide
Authors: Sun Bingfa , Willard Francis S. , Feng Dan , Alsina-Fernandez Jorge , Chen Qi , Vieth Michal , Ho Joseph D. , Showalter Aaron D. , Stutsman Cynthia , Ding Liyun , Suter Todd M. , Dunbar James D. , Carpenter John W. , Mohammed Faiz Ahmad , Aihara Eitaro , Brown Robert A. , Bueno Ana B. , Emmerson Paul J. , Moyers Julie S. , Kobilka Tong Sun , Coghlan Matthew P. , Kobilka Brian K. , Sloop Kyle W. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Tirzepatide is a dual agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which are incretin receptors that regulate carbohydrate metabolism. This investigational agent has proven superior to selective GLP-1R agonists in clinical trials in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Intriguingly, although tirzepatide closely resembles native GIP in how it activates the GIPR, it differs markedly from GLP-1 in its activation of the GLP-1R, resulting in less agonist-induced receptor desensitization. We report how cryogenic electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations inform the structural basis for the unique pharmacology of tirzepatide. These studies reveal the extent to which fatty acid modification, combined with amino acid sequence, determines the mode of action of a multireceptor agonist.
Culture and storytelling in literature
Authors: Wang Qi , Yang Jenny Chun-I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study compared ways of storytelling in Western and Asian literature. Content analysis was performed on Amazon.com and New York Times best-selling fictions and memoirs (N = 102) by Western and Asian authors. Although authors of the two cultural groups described similar numbers of event episodes per chapter, Western authors depicted the episodes in greater detail than Asian authors in both fictions and memoirs. Asian authors, on the other hand, described more frequently repeated events than Western authors in fictions. These findings highlight the important role of literature in reflecting as well as perpetuating cultural ways of storytelling.
Topological Hall effect in SrRuO3 thin films and heterostructures
Authors: Niu Xu , Chen Bin-Bin , Zhong Ni , Xiang Ping-Hua , Duan Chun-Gang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transition metal oxides hold a wide spectrum of fascinating properties endowed by the strong electron correlations. In 4d and 5d oxides, exotic phases can be realized with the involvement of strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), such as unconventional magnetism and topological superconductivity. Recently, topological Hall effects (THEs) and magnetic skyrmions have been uncovered in SrRuO3 thin films and heterostructures, where the presence of SOC and inversion symmetry breaking at the interface are believed to play a key role. Realization of magnetic skyrmions in oxides not only offers a platform to study topological physics with correlated electrons, but also opens up new possibilities for magnetic oxides using in the low-power spintronic devices. In this review, we discuss recent observations of THE and skyrmions in the SRO film interfaced with various materials, with a focus on the electric tuning of THE. We conclude with a discussion on the directions of future research in this field.
Competing effects of rotational diffusivity and activity on finite-sized clusters
Authors: Pilla Ravi Thej , Mani Ethayaraja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colloidal particles interacting via short-range attraction and long-range repulsion are known to stabilize finite-sized clusters under equilibrium conditions. In this work, the effect of self-propulsion speed (activity) and rotational diffusivity (D
r) on the phase behavior of such particles is investigated using Brownian dynamics simulations. The system exhibits rich phase behavior consisting of clusters of different kinds. The cluster size varies non-monotonically with activity: increasing first and decreasing at higher activity, thus driving cluster-to-fluid phase transition. Rotational diffusivity also facilitates the formation of clusters. Larger clusters could be stabilized at low D
r values while at high D
r values, clusters are stable even at higher activities. The analysis of the static structure factor of the system confirms that rotational diffusivity delays the cluster-to-fluid transition driven by activity.