bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autogenous self‐healing of concrete: Experimental design and test methodsA review
Authors: Lahmann Daniel , Edvardsen Carola , Kessler Sylvia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCracks in concrete structures can serve as pathways for aggressive chemical substances that can lead to a progressive deterioration of the cement stone as well as of the reinforcement, affecting the load capacity, service life and useability of concrete structures. However, concrete and reinforced concrete exhibit an intrinsic ability to heal cracks, defined as autogenous self‐healing. This effect includes the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the presence of water and CO2 and is accompanied by continued hydration, swelling, and mechanical blocking of the crack pathway. Experiments led to the inclusion of crack sealing by autogenous self‐healing in Eurocode 1992–3 for water retaining concrete structures. However, despite code restrictions, autogenous self‐healing of concrete shows limited effectiveness in practice. This indicates the need for further research to provide engineers with reliable design rules. Therefore, this study aims for giving a broad literature review on the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on autogenous self‐healing, the boundary conditions, consensus, and controversy of processes and factors influencing the efficiency of autogenous self‐healing. Regarding the transferability of laboratory results to real concrete constructions, materials, crack initiation techniques, experimental concepts, and methods for assessing the effectiveness of autogenous self‐healing are discussed and recommendations for future experiments are set.
Layer‐specific microstructural patterns of anterior hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease with ex vivo diffusion MRI at 14.1 T
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Zhang Lei , Luo Wanrong , Cao Zuozhen , Zhu Qinfeng , Kong Xueqian , Zhu Keqing , Zhang Jing , Wu Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution ex vivo diffusion MRI (dMRI) can provide exquisite mesoscopic details and microstructural information of the human brain. Microstructural pattern of the anterior part of human hippocampus, however, has not been well elucidated with ex vivo dMRI, either in normal or disease conditions. The present study collected high‐resolution (0.1 mm isotropic) dMRI of post‐mortem anterior hippocampal tissues from four Alzheimer's diseases (AD), three primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), and three healthy control (HC) brains on a 14.1 T spectrometer. We evaluated how AD affected dMRI‐based microstructural features in different layers and subfields of anterior hippocampus. In the HC samples, we found higher anisotropy, lower diffusivity, and more streamlines in the layers within cornu ammonis (CA) than those within dentate gyrus (DG). Comparisons between disease groups showed that (1) anisotropy measurements in the CA layers of AD, especially stratum lacunosum (SL) and stratum radiatum (SR), had higher regional variability than the other two groups; (2) streamline density in the DG layers showed a gradually increased variance from HC to PART to AD; (3) AD also showed the higher variability in terms of inter‐layer connectivity than HC or PART. Moreover, voxelwise correlation analysis between the coregistered dMRI and histopathology images revealed significant correlations between dMRI measurements and the contents of amyloid beta (Aβ)/tau protein in specific layers of AD samples. These findings may reflect layer‐specific microstructural characteristics in different hippocampal subfields at the mesoscopic resolution, which were associated with protein deposition in the anterior hippocampus of AD patients.
Diagnostic test accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van den Bosch Sven , Czerwinski Michal , Govers Tim , Takes Robert P. , de Bree Remco , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim , Hannink Gerjon , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). For this purpose, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 8, 2022. Included were studies evaluating diagnostic test accuracy of SLNB to identify cervical lymph node metastases with elective neck dissection or follow‐up as reference. A bivariate generalized linear mixed model approach was used for the meta‐analysis. Nineteen studies were eligible, evaluating 377 cases in total. The pooled estimates of sensitivity and negative predictive value were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86–0.96) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94–0.98), respectively. The excellent accuracy of SLNB justifies a place in the diagnostic workup of patients with larynx and pharynx SCC. Randomized trials are required to demonstrate oncologic safety and benefits on treatment related morbidity and quality of life when omitting elective neck treatment based on SLNB.
Loss of hepatic SMLR1 causes hepatosteatosis and protects against atherosclerosis due to decreased hepatic VLDL secretion
Authors: van Zwol Willemien , Rimbert Antoine , Wolters Justina C. , Smit Marieke , Bloks Vincent W. , Kloosterhuis Niels J. , Huijkman Nicolette C. A. , Koster Mirjam H. , Tharehalli Umesh , de Neck Simon M. , Bournez Colin , Fuh Marceline M. , Kuipers Jeroen , Rajan Sujith , de Bruin Alain , Ginsberg Henry N. , van Westen Gerard J. P. , Hussain M. Mahmood , Scheja Ludger , Heeren Joerg , Zimmerman Philip , van de Sluis Bart , Kuivenhoven Jan Albert 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:
The assembly and secretion of VLDL from the liver, a pathway that affects hepatic and plasma lipids, remains incompletely understood. We set out to identify players in the VLDL biogenesis pathway by identifying genes that are co−expressed with the MTTP gene that encodes for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, key to the lipidation of apolipoprotein B, the core protein of VLDL. Using human and murine transcriptomic data sets, we identified small leucine−rich protein 1 (SMLR1), encoding for small leucine−rich protein 1, a protein of unknown function that is exclusively expressed in liver and small intestine.

Approach and Results:
To assess the role of SMLR1 in the liver, we used somatic CRISPR/CRISPR−associated protein 9 gene editing to silence murine Smlr1 in hepatocytes (Smlr1−LKO). When fed a chow diet, male and female mice show hepatic steatosis, reduced plasma apolipoprotein B and triglycerides, and reduced VLDL secretion without affecting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity. Immunofluorescence studies show that SMLR1 is in the endoplasmic reticulum and Cis−Golgi complex. The loss of hepatic SMLR1 in female mice protects against diet−induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis but causes NASH. On a high−fat, high−cholesterol diet, insulin and glucose tolerance tests did not reveal differences in male Smlr1−LKO mice versus controls.

Conclusions:
We propose a role for SMLR1 in the trafficking of VLDL from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Cis−Golgi complex. While this study uncovers SMLR1 as a player in the VLDL assembly, trafficking, and secretion pathway, it also shows that NASH can occur with undisturbed glucose homeostasis and atheroprotection.
Clinical significance of MYD88 non‐L265P mutations in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Xie Jialing , Shen Xia , Shi Qin , Yi Hongmei , Ouyang Binshen , Zhang Zhihan , Gu Yijin , Dong Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a group of heterogeneous tumors with different molecular traits and clinical features. MYD88 is an oncogene that activates the nuclear factor κB pathway in DLBCL. MYD88 L265P mutation frequently occurs in DLBCL with poor prognosis, while the clinical significance of non‐L265P mutations needs to be clarified. Next‐generation sequencing was performed on a cohort of 356 patients with DLBCL to investigate the impact of MYD88 mutation. Ten MYD88 mutated variants were detected in 32% (114/356) of the cases. V217F, S219C, S222R, M232T, S243N, and T294P were identified as pathogenic variants. MYD88 non‐L265P mutations occurred less than L265P mutation in DLBCL of the central nervous system and breast tissue. The coexistence of MYD88 non‐L265P mutations with PIM1 mutation was also less than that of L265P mutation. The progression‐free survival in patients with DLBCL with MYD88 non‐L265P mutation was statistically better than in patients with MYD88 L265P mutation. The interpretation of variants of MYD88 mutation offers a precise guide for the management of DLBCL.
The emergence of e‐cigarette retail shops in a regulated tobacco control environment
Authors: Scott Lucy , McCausland Kahlia , Maycock Bruce , Jancey Jonine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIssue addressedE‐cigarettes are of growing concern. We aimed to determine the location and characteristics of retail shops selling e‐cigarette products in Perth, Western Australia.MethodsTwo phase study: (i) identifying all e‐cigarette retailers in the Greater Capital City Statistical Area of Perth; (ii) audit at the point‐of‐sale to assess products, promotions and shop characteristics (n = 41).ResultsNinety‐eight retailers selling e‐cigarette products were identified: 43 tobacconists (44%), 21 vape shops (21% – up from one shop in 2017), 14 supermarkets (14%), 12 service stations (12%) and 8 smoke shops (8%). The most common e‐cigarette product was non‐nicotine e‐liquid, available at 38 (93%) stores audited. Most stores sold parts of e‐cigarette devices (n = 25, 61%). Front counter displays were the most frequent form of promotion (n = 40, 98%). Vape shops differed from other retailers, having bar‐style layouts (n = 15, 71%), lounge areas (n = 7, 33%) and free e‐liquid samples (n = 17, 89%).ConclusionThe availability of e‐cigarette products from retail shops and particularly vape shops is increasing. E‐cigarette retailers are using traditional promotional techniques including point‐of‐sale displays to market their products, while vape shops are extending their appeal through bar style, lounge layouts and free trials.Implications for public healthUnderstanding the e‐cigarette retail store environment is essential for identifying emergent trends, potential regulations and future research.So what?The e‐cigarette retail market in the Perth is growing, shops using traditional and new promotional techniques to market e‐cigarette products. Our findings identify a need for public health surveillance, regulations and legislation.
Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia in rats
Authors: Sezer Gulay , Yay Arzu H. , Sarica Zeynep S. , Gonen Zeynep B. , Onder Gozde O. , Alan Aydın , Yilmaz Secil , Saraymen Berkay , Bahar Dilek 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) frequently causes painful peripheral neuropathy; however, no medication has been shown to be effective in the treatment of this debilitating side effect. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of two different doses of allogeneic bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) on PTX‐induced mechanical allodynia and spinal cytokine levels and their localization to target tissues such as the spinal cord and sciatic nerve. After the development of mechanical allodynia with repeated PTX administration, two different doses of rat BM‐MSCs, low or high (1 × 106–5 × 106), were transplanted into rats and the evaluation continued for 30 days. Interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and IL‐10 levels in spinal cord samples of animals were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. PTX‐induced mechanical allodynia was relieved significantly 15 days after the transplantation of high‐dose of BM‐MSCs. Both MSCs doses were effective in alleviating allodynia, but the onset of effect was earlier with the high dose. High‐dose of BM‐MSCs significantly decreased spinal IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels compared to the PTX group. Fluorescent dye‐labeled BM‐MSCs were observed much more frequently in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord samples of the high‐dose BM‐MSCs transplanted group than in the low‐dose group animals. In conclusion, we found that the antiallodynic effects of BM‐MSCs appeared earlier when high‐dose of cells were administered. We think that other mechanisms may play a role in the effects of MSCs, besides localization to damaged tissues and reducing spinal inflammatory cytokine levels. We show that BM‐MSCs can be a novel approach in PTX‐induced mechanical allodynia.
Developing a multiplex PCR‐based assay kit for bloodstream infection by analyzing genomic big data
Authors: Zhang Dijun , Luo Yong , Zeng Xianping , Yu Yunsong , Wu Yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the incidence of bloodstream infections (BSI) has increased, the composition of pathogenic bacteria has changed, and drug resistance among bacteria has gradually increased due to the widespread use of interventional techniques, broad‐spectrum antibacterial drugs, hormones, and immunosuppressive agents. Here, we have developed a multiplex PCR assay kit for the detection of pathogens (14 Gram‐negative bacteria, 15 Gram‐positive bacteria, and 4 fungi) in whole blood from patients with BSI using five‐color fluorescent multiplex PCR followed by capillary electrophoresis. Our assay exhibits a diagnosis of higher quality and an improved detection rate for common pathogens.MethodsA local genome DNA database of 33 pathogenic bacteria was constructed. Next, “Exhaustive” primer search of the full coding sequence of the reference genomes of these bacteria was performed. Panels with minimal interactions between primers and amplicons were selected by random sampling and testing by a recursive algorithm. Primers and Mg2+ concentrations and PCR reaction procedures were optimized to maximize the detection efficacy.ResultsThe LOD of the kit was determined as 100 copies/μl. Using clinical samples, results generated by this kit and regular blood culture method were found to be 95.08% consistent. Additionally, six pathogens which were unidentifiable by blood culture were successfully detected by this kit.ConclusionOur study provided a bioinformatics approach to the challenge of primer design in multiplex PCR, and combined with optimized wet lab practice, a multiplex PCR‐based assay kit for BSI with higher sensitivity and accuracy than blood culture was produced.
A complex haptic exercise to predict pre‐clinic operative dentistry performance: A prospective study
Authors: Urbankova Alice , Palomo Leena , Engebretson Steven P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether performance on a complex manual dexterity haptic test was associated with preclinical operative dentistry practical examination scores in handpiece naïve students.MethodsThirty‐nine first‐year pre‐clinical operative dentistry students completed a 15‐min complex manual dexterity exercise “D‐circle” repeated eight times in succession before the beginning of the preclinical operative dentistry course. A composite haptic score was compared with students’ subsequent preclinical operative examination performance and perceptual ability test scores.ResultsMean accuracy scores on the haptic test increased, and failures decreased across the eight repetitions. Thirty students were successful at least twice in eight attempts, while nine failed all or all but one attempt. The group that failed all or all but one had lower mean scores on the first practical examination (Exam 1) (78.4 vs. 82.2, p = 0.23 Student's t‐test), and 7.0 odds of failing the examination (confidence interval 0.95–51.4, p = 0.06). As a diagnostic predictor of pre‐clinical operative dentistry performance, failing all, or all but one attempt at the haptic test had 60% sensitivity and 82% specificity as a predictor of failure on Exam 1. This resulted in correct classification of 79%.ConclusionsThese data provide evidence for the first time that a complex manual dexterity test on a haptic simulator given to dental students was predictive of early pre‐clinical success. These prospective results confirm previous retrospective studies and if replicated in larger cohorts may lead to improvements in the dental school admissions process.
Monitoring adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents in Southern Uganda: comparing Wisepill to Self‐report in predicting viral suppression in a cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Kizito Samuel , Namuwonge Flavia , Brathwaite Rachel , Neilands Torsten B. , Nabunya Proscovia , Bahar Ozge Sensoy , Damulira Christopher , Mwebembezi Abel , Mellins Claude , McKay Mary M. , Ssewamala Fred M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionOptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is crucial for improved patient outcomes; however, ART adherence among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) is low. Also, the performance of various adherence measures among ALHIV is under contention. We monitored ART adherence and compared Self‐report (SR) and Wisepill electronic monitoring (EM) performance in measuring ART adherence and predicting HIV viral suppression among ALHIV.MethodsBetween January 2014 and December 2015, we recruited 702 ALHIV aged 10–16 years into our cluster‐randomized controlled trial (2012–2018) in 39 clinics in Uganda. The intervention included a long‐term savings child development account, four micro‐enterprise workshops and 12 mentorship sessions. Using the entire sample, we performed multilevel logistic regression to predict monthly ART adherence trends for the first year of follow‐up. Since it is possible that the intervention had different effects on SR and EM adherence, we used participants in the control arm only to compare adherence using SR and EM and to calculate their sensitivity and specificity in predicting viral suppression.ResultsThere was a significant decline in adherence for each month throughout the entire follow‐up period regardless of the group assigned. Good ART adherence was measured at 79.2% (75.2–82.6%) and 97.0% (95.4–98.1%) using EM and SR, respectively. Overall, 64.3% (60.6–67.9%) had suppressed viral loads. The specificities for EM and SR in predicting viral non‐suppression were 80.4% (73.6–85.7%) and 96.7% (93.3–98.4%), while the sensitivities were 22.9% (15.0–33.3%) and 1.8% (0.4–6.9%), respectively. The area under the curve was low for both EM and SR, at 53.6% (45.7–61.5%) and 56.2% (53.2–59.3%), respectively. There was high agreement (78%) between SR and EM in monitoring adherence.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted the need for strategies for sustained optimal adherence. SR and EM measure adherence with a considerable agreement; however, neither is an accurate predictor of virological outcome. There is still a need for an acceptable, feasible and affordable method that predicts viral suppression among ALHIV.
A simple and green liquid chromatography method for the determination of ibuprofen in milk‐containing simulated gastrointestinal media for monitoring the dissolution studies of three‐dimensional‐printed formulations
Authors: Doumtsi Antigoni , Manousi Natalia , Karavasili Christina , Fatouros Dimitrios G. , Tzanavaras Paraskevas D. , Zacharis Constantinos K. 
Published: September 2022

A fast and green ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ibuprofen in milk‐containing simulated gastrointestinal media to monitor the dissolution of three‐dimensional printed formulations. To remove interfering compounds, protein precipitation using methanol as a precipitation reagent was performed. The separation of the target analyte was performed on a C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.05% v/v aqueous phosphoric acid solution: methanol, 25:75% v/v. Method validation was conducted using the total error concept. The β‐expectation tolerance intervals did not exceed the acceptance criteria of ±15%, meaning that 95% of future results will be included in the defined bias limits. The relative bias ranged between ─1.1 and +3.2% for all analytes, while the relative standard deviation values for repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 2.8% and 3.9%, respectively. The achieved limit of detection was 0.01 μg/ml and the lower limit of quantitation was established as 2 μg/ml. The proposed method was simple, and it required reduced organic solvent consumption following the requirements of Green Analytical Chemistry. The method was successfully employed for the determination of ibuprofen in real biorelevant media obtained from dissolution studies.
Long non‐coding RNA SNHG16 decreased SMAD4 to induce gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer via EZH2‐mediated epigenetic modification
Authors: Yu Yi , Zou Yu‐Feng , Hong Run‐Qi , Chen Wen‐Jie , Chen Liang , Chen Wen‐Qi , Wang Hui‐Peng , Yu Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGemcitabine resistance (GR) in pancreatic cancer (PC) results in poor patient outcomes. SMAD family member (Smad4) dysregulation is a significant role of GR in PC, and EZH2 is involved in Smad4 expression in tumor progression. Interestingly, lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) might interact with EZH2, indicating a potential pathway to overcome gemcitabine‐resistant PC progression. We investigated the role of the SNHG16/EZH2/Smad4 pathway in gemcitabine‐resistant PC cells (PANC‐1/GR and SW1990/GR). First, we found that SNHG16 was upregulated both in wild‐type PC cells and in gemcitabine‐resistant PC cells. SNHG16 overexpression reduced gemcitabine cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC cells. Meanwhile, SNHG16 upregulation caused p‐Akt elevation and Smad4 reduction. However, SNHG16 silencing induced the opposite trend. Then, we found that EZH2 was enriched in SNHG16 based on RIP and RNA pulldown. In particular, SNHG16 overexpression promoted the interaction between EZH2 and the Smad4 promoter according to Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, both EZH2 inhibition and Smad4 upregulation increased gemcitabine cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC cells during SNHG16 overexpression. Moreover, both treatments decreased p‐Akt and increased Smad4. Collectively, lncRNA SNHG16 decreased Smad4 to induce GR in PC via EZH2‐mediated epigenetic modification.