bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-trial follow-up after a randomized clinical trial of COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Esteban Ignacio , Panighetti María Teresa , Polack Fernando P. 
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CP) proved to be a safe acute intervention, however, the long-term clinical effects of COVID-19 CP are to date unknown. CP might have a prospective negative effect by down-regulating the inflammatory response suppressing antibody formation and promoting autoantibodies against interferons. Our objective was to establish the long-term safety profile of COVID-19 CP and determine if its administration increases the risk for further respiratory infections in older adults. Methods: All participants included in the intention to treat analysis of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of COVID-19 CP in older adults were invited to participate in this post-trial follow-up study. Patients were strictly followed for at least 6 months after randomization. The primary endpoint was the number of patients with clinically confirmed acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality, time to first respiratory infection, SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, adverse events, and persistence of COVID-19 symptoms after initial infection. Results: 142 patients were included in the study (total retention rate=92.8%). The mean age was 77.2 years (SD=8.6) and the median duration of follow-up was 10.4 months (IQR=1.63), with no differences among groups. 20 patients had a clinically confirmed ARI during the study. No differences were observed between groups in the proportion of ARIs (CP=11/72 and Placebo=9/70, p-value=0.678) and in the probability of ARI-free survival between groups (log-rank test p-value=0.63). No differences emerged when comparing groups regarding secondary endpoints. Conclusions: COVID-19 convalescent plasma remains a safe intervention without increasing the risk of acute respiratory infection or other clinical consequences in the long term.
Integratable electro-optic modulator based on a polymer-embedded silicon racetrack resonator with high electro-optic wavelength tuning
Authors: Ma Tao , Tian Yongsheng , Su Linxing , Wang Huan , Liu Heng , Wang Fang 
Published: August 2022

Electro-optic (EO) modulators based on polymer-embedded silicon racetrack resonators (EOM-PSRR) are investigated. To obtain the single-mode propagation condition, the mode and transmission characteristics of the polymer-embedded silicon waveguide are simulated by the finite element method (FEM). By adding a static bias voltage, the EO modulation performances of EOM-PSRR embedded with lithium niobate (

L
i
N
b
O

3

), EO polymer (AJ309), and hybrid EO

p
o
l
y
m
e
r

/

T
i
O

2

material (HEOT) are studied. The results show that the EOM-PSRR embedded with

L
i
N
b
O

3

achieves a high modulation depth (MD) of

∼

27.6

d
B

with a low EO wavelength tuning (

λ

E
O

) of 10 pm/V. However, the EOM-PSRR embedded with HEOT has a high

λ

E
O

of 100 pm/V but a low MD of

∼

6.2

d
B

with an extinction ratio of

∼

5.2

d
B

. The EOM-PSRR has potential application prospects in optical communication, optical signal processing, and optical network links. It can be produced as an optical frequency comb generator in a dense wavelength division multiplexing system, an EO frequency shifter for laser beams, an optical soliton former, and a photon time-delay device in a phased array radar.
Terahertz spectroscopy detection of zinc citrate in flour and milk powder mixtures
Authors: Song Ziyu , Liao Min , Ling Dongxiong , Chen Changshui , Wei Dongshan 
Published: August 2022

Zinc citrate (ZC) has been widely used in food as an important nutritional supplement. Accurate detection of ZC in food is important for health and safety. In this study, THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is used to quantitatively detect ZC in flour and milk powder mixtures. In our research, 15 different contents of ZC in flour and milk powder mixtures were prepared and measured by THz-TDS. A partial least squares (PLS) model was established based on the quantitative analysis of the absorption coefficient data of these two mixtures at 0.5–3.0 THz. The

R
2

and rms error (RMSE) given by the PLS model prediction were, respectively, 0.999 and 0.14% ZC in flour and 0.999 and 0.20% ZC in milk mixtures, indicating the predictions of the PLS model are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. The results show that combining THz-TDS with the PLS model can be used for accurate, quantitative analyses of ZC in food mixtures.
Computability theory as aphilosophicalachievement
Authors: Plebani Matteo , San Mauro Luca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence plays an important role in contemporary medicine. In this short note, we emphasize that philosophy played a role in the development of artificial intelligence. We argue that research in computability theory, the theoretical foundation of modern computer science, was motivated by a philosophical question: can we characterize precisely the class of problems that can be solved by algorithms? We suggest that reflecting on the connection between philosophy and artificial intelligence helps realize that philosophical and scientific progress are connected.
Field Survey in the Middle Fortore Valley: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Naso Alessandro , De Simone Claudio Sossio , Esposito Maria Pia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Fortore Valley Project, which began in 2005 and is still ongoing, aims to create an archaeological map of the Fortore Valley. Several intensive and extensive survey campaigns were carried out in the territory of the middle valley. More than 100 km2 have been surveyed and more than 300 sites identified. This contribution analyzes the collected data and proposes a model of population evolution based on a GIS spatial analysis and a preliminary study of the finds. The artifacts found between 2005 and 2006 in the territory of Occhito Lake (Macchia Valfortore) provide a case study for understanding settlement patterns in the Fortore Valley.
Genetic Association of MSTN Variant (18:66493737T&gt;C) with Racing Performance &amp; Muscle Development in Pakistani Horses
Authors: Saif Rashid , Raza Muhammad Hassan , Zafar Muhammad Osama , Tariq Wajeeha , Ahmad Muhammad Danish , Wasim Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The horse is renowned for its racing performance, gaitedness, dancing and other personality traits. On the bases of these aesthetic characteristics, this valued species of Equus caballus is an integral part of different sports. A number of studies showing its racing performance is associated with MSTN gene in different horse populations of the world. So, the current study aimed to explore the genetic variability of 18:66493737T>C variant in the Pakistani random-bred horse population too. ARMS-PCR was used to genotype a total of 24 horses taken from equine clinics. Our initial results showed that overall, 54% population is homozygous wild type (TT), 41% is heterozygous (TC) and the remaining 4% is homozygous mutant (CC) at this locus. Alternative allele frequency within the best performers and control horses was 0.36 & 0.12 respectively. Similarly, Chi-Square association test was applied using PLINK data toolset which gave us a significant p-value of 7.832 × 10-6. Hence, the Pakistani horse population also proposes the variability of this locus in conformity to other horse populations of the world. Furthermore, similar studies may also be intended with racing performance data to evaluate different indigenous horse breeds with a large sample size, and subject marker may be propagated to other breeds by adopting targeted breeding strategies.
The microbiome of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: pathophysiology and applied aspects
Authors: Korochanskaya N. V. 
Published: August 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome is a clinically and socially significant disease. The pathophysiology, the clinical manifestations of this disease and the prognosis for the patient are closely related to dysbiotic disorders of the intestine. This review summarizes the ideas about changes in the intestinal microbiome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The pathogenetically substantiated approaches to the correction of dysbiosis that improving treatment outcomes are also considered. The results of the FLORAVIE clinical trial, which were discussed at the Expert Council “Identification of indications for prescribing probiotics in patients with irritable bowel syndrome” on March 18, 2022, are presented. Members of the Expert Council, Russian and international clinical guidelines emphasize the relevance of targeted probiotics administration. It was noticed that only strain specificity allows predicting a positive clinical response and has a certain evidence base. In this regard, the FLORAVIE study, conducted in real clinical practice in patients with predominantly severe forms of irritable bowel syndrome, is clinically relevant. It has been demonstrated that 30-day administration of the B. longum 35624 probiotic has reduced the severity of irritable bowel syndrome and has improved the quality of life in all subgroups of patients, especially in those with the most severe form of the disease. The data presented indicate that the inclusion of probiotic strains with proven mechanism of action in the complex therapy of irritable bowel syndrome can lead to the transformation of the course of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients. The high level of evidence made it possible to introduce the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum 35624 into a number of domestic and foreign guidelines.
Alternative therapies for recurrent cystitis in menopausal women
Authors: Kulchavenya E. V. , Treyvish L. S. , Telina E. V. 
Published: August 2022

Worldwide, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are reported in 150-250 million people per year. Annual direct and indirect costs of UTIs for overall patients are estimated to be from $2.4 billion to $3.5 billion Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of UTIs. These bacteria have the ability to colonize urothelium, persist in epithelial cells, and form quiescent biofilms. This bacterial reservoir may provide a source for bacterial persistence and UTIs recurrence. Besides, recurrent UTIs may be caused by the translocation of other bacteria which originate from the gastrointestinal tract or reinfections due to external sources. Menopause and pregnancy are considered as complicating factors that predispose to UTIs. Oral vaccine OM-89 and D-mannose are specified in the European Urological Association guidelines among non-pharmacological methods for the prevention of recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women. The rationale to the use of D-mannose in UTI prophylaxis is based on its competitive inhibition of bacterial adherence to urothelial cells due to binding of type 1 fimbriae expressed on the bacteria. Exogenous D-mannose is absorbed, but not metabolized by the human body and it is excreted intact in urine. In vivo and in vitro studies showed the ability of mannose-like molecules to provide a 2-fold reduction of bacterial load in the urinary tract after 4 intravesical instillations. Clinical studies also demonstrated a high efficacy of the six months course of oral mannose in the prevention of UTIs.
The effect of a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus on microcirculation in the conjunctiva
Authors: Safonova T. N. , Zaitseva G. V. , Kintyukhina N. P. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The availability of an objective assessment of the microcirculatory bed is possible when examining the vessels of the conjunctiva. This is especially true in individuals who have had COVID-19 and have diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.Aim. To study the microcirculation in the conjunctiva after a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. 83 patients with a history of coronavirus infection were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or absence of comorbidities. Group 1 patients (n = 42) with post-COVID changes in the conjunctiva (severe injection of the eyeball, chemosis, microhemorrhagia, folliculosis of the tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva, the presence of a nodular formation (conflicts), slight edema of the corneal epithelium) and a history of concomitant diseases: arterial hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis. Group 2 patients (n = 41) with no history of concomitant diseases and similar post-COVID changes in the conjunctiva. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers without a history of coronavirus infection (n = 30). All subjects underwent laser Doppler flowmetry of the bulbar conjunctiva 3, 6, 12 months after the coronavirus infection.Results and discussion. In comparison with the control group of persons after 3 months, microcirculatory disorders were detected in both groups (group 1 – subcompensated, group 2 – decompensated). In group 1, after 6 months and 12 months, violations persisted in the subcompensation stage, which were accompanied by an increase in the intensity of the functioning of the regulatory systems of the microcirculation: the M index corresponded to normal values, and the values of σ and Kv were above the norm. After 6 months in group 2, compensation of microcirculatory disorders was noted (indicators M, σ, Kv were normal), which persisted even by 12 months of observation.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that in patients with concomitant endothelial dysfunction, the processes of restoration of the microvasculature are slowed down.
A personalised approach to the choice of oral anticoagulants in elderly and senile patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Shikh E. V. , Shindryaeva N. N. , Rebrova E. V. , Lapidus N. I. , Zhukova O. V. , Stuk I. V. , Koroleva I. G. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. In recent years, data have been accumulated regarding possible associations between cognitive impairment and atrial fibrillation. The results of retrospective and prospective studies confirm that anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.Objective. To study the individual characteristics of elderly and senile patients with atrial fibrillation, influencing the choice of anticoagulant therapy, with a view to its subsequent optimization.Materials and methods. The study included 159 patients with atrial fibrillation of non-valvular genesis aged over 60 years. 4 groups of patients were formed. The largest number of patients received rivaroxaban and warfarin (36.4% and 34.6%, respectively). 26 (16.3%) patients were treated with dabigatran, 20 (12.6%) patients with apixaban. The risk of thromboembolic complications was assessed on the CHA2DS2-VASc scale. The HAS-BLED scale was used to assess the risk of bleeding. A pharmacogenetic study (carriage of polymorphic alleles of the CYP2C9 and VCORC1 genes) was conducted in 138 patients. Cognitive impairment was assessed by a Mini-Cog test and a battery of frontal tests.Results. Taking oral anticoagulants reduces the risk of stroke and dementia in patients; the presence of cognitive impairment, in turn, significantly reduces the patient’s adherence to therapy and reduces the effectiveness of therapy. Patients’ adherence to therapy was significantly lower by 10–20% in patients with cognitive impairment according to the Mini-Cog test and a battery of frontal tests. In the absence of pronounced cognitive impairment (higher adherence to treatment) and availability and willingness to control INR, warfarin remains the drug of choice in patients with renal insufficiency.Conclusions. A number of problems with the use of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation have been identified. The ease of use of new oral anticoagulants, the absence of the need to select doses and monitor therapy is an important factor when choosing a drug.
The use of cilostazol in the treatment of patients with obliterating atherosclerosis on the background of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Katorkin S. E. , Krivoshchekov E. P. , Elshin E. B. , Kushnarchuk M. Yu. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (intermittent claudication) is the main cause of disability and loss of mobility in patients and thus has a significant negative impact on their quality of life. Conservative treatment of these patients should be aimed at improving local blood flow, tissue metabolism and blood rheology. Cilostazol is the only drug with a Class I (Evidence A) recommendation for the treatment of intermittent claudication.Objective. Тo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the use of cilostazol in patients with a combination of obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities and diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. In 2021–2022, 102 patients were treated. Men – 78, women – 24, the average age was 62 ± 2.8 years. All patients were prescribed basic treatment of atherosclerosis of the arteries against the background of diabetes mellitus. In the first group (n = 52), cilostazol was additionally prescribed 100 mg 2 times a day. In the second group (n = 50), pentoxifylline was additionally prescribed 600 mg 2 times a day. The severity of the pain syndrome, the pain-free walking distance, the maximum walkable distance, the change in the ankle-shoulder index and partial oxygen pressure in the capillary blood of the foot tissues, the presence of negative outcomes were assessed after 1, 3, 6 months of treatment.Results and discussions. In group 1 patients, a more pronounced decrease in pain syndrome was noted compared to group 2, both in patients with IIA degree and in patients with IIB degree of lower limb ischemia according to Fontaine. The increase in pain-free walking distance and the maximum walking distance in group 1 were more significant than in group 2, starting from the 3rd month of treatment. The ankle-brachial index practically did not change, both in group 1 and in group 2. Negative outcomes of treatment after 6 months in the 1st group – 1.9%, and in the 2nd group – 8%.Conclusions. If it is impossible to revascularize the limb in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of the arteries on the background of diabetes mellitus, the inclusion of cilostazol in the treatment regimen shows better final results than the appointment of pentoxifylline. The use of cilostazol significantly improved the quality of life and functional ability of the lower extremities in patients with intermittent claudication.
Black and Latinx Primary Caregiver Considerations for Developing and Implementing a Machine Learning–Based Model for Detecting Child Abuse and Neglect With Implications for Racial Bias Reduction: Qualitative Interview Study With Primary Caregivers
Authors: Landau Aviv Y , Blanchard Ashley , Atkins Nia , Salazar Stephanie , Cato Kenrick , Patton Desmond U , Topaz Maxim 
Published: August 2022

Background
Child abuse and neglect, once viewed as a social problem, is now an epidemic. Moreover, health providers agree that existing stereotypes may link racial and social class issues to child abuse. The broad adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) in clinical settings offers a new avenue for addressing this epidemic. To reduce racial bias and improve the development, implementation, and outcomes of machine learning (ML)–based models that use EHR data, it is crucial to involve marginalized members of the community in the process.

Objective
This study elicited Black and Latinx primary caregivers' viewpoints regarding child abuse and neglect while living in underserved communities to highlight considerations for designing an ML-based model for detecting child abuse and neglect in emergency departments (EDs) with implications for racial bias reduction and future interventions.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 20 Black and Latinx primary caregivers whose children were cared for at a single pediatric tertiary-care ED to gain insights about child abuse and neglect and their experiences with health providers.

Results
Three central themes were developed in the coding process: (1) primary caregivers’ perspectives on the definition of child abuse and neglect, (2) primary caregivers’ experiences with health providers and medical documentation, and (3) primary caregivers’ perceptions of child protective services.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight essential considerations from primary caregivers for developing an ML-based model for detecting child abuse and neglect in ED settings. This includes how to define child abuse and neglect from a primary caregiver lens. Miscommunication between patients and health providers can potentially lead to a misdiagnosis, and therefore, have a negative impact on medical documentation. Additionally, the outcome and application of the ML-based models for detecting abuse and neglect may cause additional harm than expected to the community. Further research is needed to validate these findings and integrate them into creating an ML-based model.
Energy Community Measures Evaluation via Differential Evolution Optimization
Authors: Bohvalovs Girts , Vanaga Ruta , Brakovska Vita , Freimanis Ritvars , Blumberga Andra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Energy communities are paving the way for new cooperation opportunities related to energy consumption and energy production. Individuals unite in energy communities to reduce the costs related to energy consumption. Although previous work has mainly focused on energy exchange inside the community. This work aims to investigate the Pareto-optimal solutions to the transformation of a historical district into an energy community. For energy efficiency and production measure calculation, a system dynamics model is developed. Multiobjective differential evolution optimization method is employed for the evaluation of energy efficiency and production measures with a focus on net present value, self-sufficiency, annual emission reduction, and specific heat consumption. The optimization target functions can be increased at a cost in net present value. Replacement of household appliances and windows enables significant energy demand reductions while maintaining positive net present value. Electricity production from photovoltaic panels offers an additional pathway to increase selfsufficiency share while maintaining positive net present value.