bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry and DXA for the evaluation of bone mineral density in a peritoneal dialysis setting
Authors: Fassio Angelo , Andreola Stefano , Gatti Davide , Bianco Beatrice , Gatti Matteo , Gambaro Giovanni , Rossini Maurizio , Viapiana Ombretta , Negrelli Riccardo , Adami Giovanni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this real-life cross-sectional explorative study was to compare radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) with dual-energy X-rays absorptiometry (DXA) in the BMD assessment of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between lumbar aortic calcifications (AOCs) and the DXA lumbar measurements.

Methods
Consecutive patients referring to the PD clinic of our hospital were included. Lumbar spine and femur scans were acquired with both techniques (including lumbar laterolateral DXA scans). The risk assessment of two fracture risk algorithms (FRAX® and DeFRA®) were compared. Cohen’s k coefficients were used to assess the inter-technique agreement in the classification of patients as osteoporotic. Lumbar AOCs were estimated semi-quantitatively on laterolateral DXA scans.

Results
41 patients were enrolled. No significant differences were documented between the BMD T-scores measured through DXA or REMS at the femur. At the lumbar spine, the DXA anteroposterior mean T-score (− 0.49 ± 1.98) was significantly higher than both the laterolateral DXA (− 1.66 ± 0.99) and the REMS (− 2.00 ± 1.94) measurements (p < 0.01 vs both). No significant differences were found between the DXA and REMS fracture risk estimates with both algorithms. The inter-technique Cohen’s k coefficient (for the worst T-score, any site) was 0.421, p < 0.001. The discrepancy between the DXA laterolateral and anteroposterior lumbar T-score was positively associated with the AOCs extent and severity (r = 0.402, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Our data showed a promising agreement, in a real-life PD setting, between DXA and REMS BMD assessment and in the consequent fracture risk estimation and confirm the AOCs interference on the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar DXA.
Inflammatory bowel disease addressed by Caco-2 and monocyte-derived macrophages: an opportunity for an in vitro drug screening assay
Authors: Schnur Sabrina , Wahl Vanessa , Metz Julia K. , Gillmann Jessica , Hans Fabian , Rotermund Katharina , Zäh Ralf-Kilian , Brück Dietmar A. , Schneider Marc , Hittinger Marius 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread disease, affecting a growing demographic. The treatment of chronic inflammation located in the GI-tract is dependent on the severity; therefore, the IBD treatment pyramid is commonly applied. Animal experimentation plays a key role for novel IBD drug development; nevertheless, it is ethically questionable and limited in its throughput. Reliable and valid in vitro assays offer the opportunity to overcome these limitations.We combined Caco-2 with monocyte-derived macrophages and exposed them to known drugs, targeting an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) with a focus on the severity level and its related drug candidate. This co-culture assay addresses namely the intestinal barrier and the immune response in IBD. The drug efficacy was analyzed by an LPS-inflammation of the co-culture and drug exposure according to the IBD treatment pyramid. Efficacy was defined as the range between LPS control (0%) and untreated co-culture (100%) independent of the investigated read-out (TEER, Papp, cytokine release: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α).The release of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was identified as an appropriate readout for a fast drug screening (“yes–no response”). TEER showed a remarkable IVIVC correlation to the human treatment pyramid (5-ASA, Prednisolone, 6-mercaptopurine, and infliximab) with an R2 of 0.68. Similar to the description of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, we advocate establishing an “Efficacy Outcome Pathways (EOPs)” framework for drug efficacy assays. The in vitro assay offers an easy and scalable method for IBD drug screening with a focus on human data, which requires further validation.
‘Climate Change isn't Optional’: Climate Change in the Core Law Curriculum
Authors: Bouwer Kim , John Evan , Luke Oliver , Rozhan Amanda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper makes a case for the integration of compulsory climate change topics across the core law curriculum. It argues that the most persuasive rationale for this is based in climate legal obligations and institutions, and a clear-eyed perception of climate risk, rather than the sustainability agenda. To this end, the paper outlines efforts taken to ‘mainstream’ climate change and environmental law education in a core course of the LLB degree – land law. An empirical study sought to evaluate the students’ engagement with these materials, and their broader views concerning climate change and their legal education. The paper critically evaluates the course and the results of the empirical study. It concludes that students want to be, and should be, taught climate law and the climate context of law as part of their prescribed learning throughout the core curriculum, rather than as optional or elective content.
New record of smalltooth sand tiger Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810) in the Mediterranean
Authors: Soldo Alen , Bakiu Rigers , Hysolakoj Nexhip 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne shark was landed at the Naval Base Pasha Liman, Bay of Vlore, Albania, the Adriatic Sea. Photographic records only enabled the specimen to be placed in family Odontaspididae or Carchariidae. Later examination of the preserved head, dry jaw and dentition identified the specimen as Odontaspis ferox. This is a rare record and the northernmost Mediterranean observation of this species, and the first Adriatic record for several decades.
Prosecuting rap: what does the case law tell us?
Authors: Owusu-Bempah Abenaa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores the admissibility and use of rap music as evidence in English criminal trials. It presents findings from an analysis of over 30 appeal cases. As well as unpacking the link between rap, race and gangs that is prevalent in these cases, the article challenges the categorisation of rap as ‘bad character evidence’, and critiques the way in which questions of relevance and prejudicial effect have been addressed by the courts. In particular, when making admissibility decisions, the courts appear to give little consideration to the cultural context, artistic conventions or social influences within the rap music genre, or the racialised nature of rap evidence. It is argued that, if rap is to be admissible evidence, a much more rigorous and informed approach is required.
Language teaching and learning in Ireland: 2012–2021
Authors: Batardière Marie-Thérèse , Berthaud Sarah , Ćatibušić Bronagh , Flynn Colin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe language teaching landscape in Ireland has changed considerably over the last 30 years as a result of substantial and sustained inward migration into the country during this period. These social and demographic developments have added to the country's already bilingual context and created a much more varied multilingual landscape than had existed in previous decades. They have also impacted various aspects of language teaching policy, provision and methods for both indigenous and foreign languages. This article reviews research on language teaching and learning in Ireland published during the period 2012–2021. We discuss relevant work disseminated primarily in peer-reviewed journals (national and international), as well as in books, commissioned reports and chapters in edited volumes. The research and policy documents presented concern the teaching and learning of Irish, English and Modern Foreign Languages as second and/or additional languages across all levels of education. They address language teacher training contexts as well. We believe that this review of research demonstrates the extent to which recent inquiries in these domains have advanced knowledge and practice in the Irish context, and have also informed the international research community more generally.
Brownian bridge expansions for Lévy area approximations and particular values of the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Foster James , Habermann Karen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study approximations for the Lévy area of Brownian motion which are based on the Fourier series expansion and a polynomial expansion of the associated Brownian bridge. Comparing the asymptotic convergence rates of the Lévy area approximations, we see that the approximation resulting from the polynomial expansion of the Brownian bridge is more accurate than the Kloeden–Platen–Wright approximation, whilst still only using independent normal random vectors. We then link the asymptotic convergence rates of these approximations to the limiting fluctuations for the corresponding series expansions of the Brownian bridge. Moreover, and of interest in its own right, the analysis we use to identify the fluctuation processes for the Karhunen–Loève and Fourier series expansions of the Brownian bridge is extended to give a stand-alone derivation of the values of the Riemann zeta function at even positive integers.
The Latent Potential of Cumulative Effects Concepts in National and International Environmental Impact Assessment Regimes
Authors: Nelson Rebecca , Shirley L.M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMost modern-day environmental issues are caused by the complex aggregation and interaction of numerous actions contributing to large-scale problems, from biodiversity loss to climate change. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) consider how projects contribute to these cumulative environmental problems. This article firstly evaluates the theoretical importance of cumulative effects concepts for EIA. It reveals their potential to spotlight values embedded in decision making and to illuminate, as a lighthouse would, types of harm from broad-ranging, typically unregulated, activities. A large-scale global survey of national EIA laws and multilateral environmental agreements then shows that cumulative effects concepts are legally relevant for most national EIA frameworks. This prevalence suggests that better implementation of cumulative effects provisions may help EIA law to deliver more significant benefits than previously appreciated. Evaluating a sample of EIA provisions shows that cumulative effects concepts can contribute to different stages of an EIA, but that using these concepts across all EIA stages would maximize their potential to achieve the theoretical benefits identified. From theoretical and practical legal perspectives, cumulative effects concepts have significant latent potential – perhaps transformational potential – to address cumulative environmental change through EIA regimes at national and international levels. However, without better implementation, the latent potential of these laws to address cumulative environmental problems is likely to remain unrealized. By shedding light on the extent of national and international legal frameworks that adopt cumulative effects concepts, and their differences, this article highlights the significant learning potential between legal regimes to aid improved implementation.
Response to Comment Paper by Dr. Maxim A. Yurkin for 2021 JGR Paper “Evaluation of Higher‐Order Quadrature Schemes in Improving Computational Efficiency for Orientation‐Averaged Single‐Scattering Properties of Nonspherical Ice Particles”
Authors: Fenni Ines , Kuo Kwo‐Sen , Haynes Mark S. , Haddad Ziad S. , Roussel Hélène 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe thank Dr. Yurkin for his considered and constructive critique of our paper. We respond to his insightful comments below and hope that this discussion motivates further communication and cooperation and benefits to the scattering by small particles community.
Composite Effects of ENSO and EASM on Summer Ozone Pollution in Two Regions of China
Authors: Lu Shuhua , Gong Sunling , Chen Jianmin , He Jianjun , Lin Yanfen , Li Xin , Zhang Lei , Mo Jingyue , Zhao Shuo , You Yan , Pan Weijun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCombining the 3‐D reanalysis with the surface observational O3 data, this study investigated the composite effects of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) on summer O3 pollution in two regions of China, that is, the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The results show that the El Niño has significantly enhanced the near surface O3 pollution in the BTH, but has little effect on surface O3 in the YRD. On the contrary, the La Niña has mainly reduced the surface O3 pollution in the YRD with little effect in the BTH. When the El Niño and a strong EASM occurred at the same time, the effect on O3 was more significant than that by the El Niño event alone due to the extra intensification of the vertical transport of O3 with about 10–30 μg/m3 from stratosphere and the worsening of the horizontal diffusion conditions (easterly wind anomalies) in the BTH. The La Niña with a weak EASM played a dominant role in the reduction of O3 pollution in the YRD by improving the meteorological conditions (especially in total cloud cover) and horizontal diffusion conditions (westerly wind anomalies). These composite effects were reflected in the trends of summer surface O3 in the BTH and the YRD, and became the crucial contributors to the abnormal changes of summer surface O3 in some years when the ENSO/EASM happened.
Dynamic Downscaling the South Asian Summer Monsoon From a Global Reanalysis Using a Regional Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Model
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Jayasankar C. B. , Mishra A. K. , Mitra A. , Murugavel P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present the results of a regional model (regional spectral model‐regional ocean model [(RSM‐ROMS]) simulation of the South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM). The RSM‐ROMS integration is carried out at 20 km grid spacing over a period of 25 years (1986–2010). The simulation is forced by global atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis. The RSM‐ROMS simulation shows a realistic alignment of the simulated rainfall along the orographic features of the domain. Furthermore, the RSM‐ROMS simulates the observed feature of convection over continental SASM region being more vigorous with dominance of mixed warm and cold phase hydrometeors in contrast to the dominance of the warm rain process in the neighboring tropical oceans. Similarly, the upper ocean features of contrasting mixed layer and thermocline depths between the northern and equatorial Indian Ocean are also simulated in the RSM‐ROMS. Intra‐Seasonal Oscillation (ISO) of the SASM at 10–20 and 20–70 days are also simulated in the RSM‐ROMS with many of its features verifying with observations. For example, the 20–70 days ISO are of higher amplitude and its meridional propagation is slower in Bay of Bengal compared to that over Arabian Sea. Additionally, RSM‐ROMS shows 12.3 Monsoon Low Pressure Systems (LPSs) per season that is comparable to 14.6 per season from observations. Furthermore, the observed intraseasonal contrasts of LPS between the wet and dry spells of ISO is also reproduced in the RSM‐ROMS.
Experimentally unsupervised deconvolution for light-sheet microscopy with propagation-invariant beams
Authors: Wijesinghe Philip , Corsetti Stella , Chow Darren J. X. , Sakata Shuzo , Dunning Kylie R. , Dholakia Kishan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeconvolution is a challenging inverse problem, particularly in techniques that employ complex engineered point-spread functions, such as microscopy with propagation-invariant beams. Here, we present a deep-learning method for deconvolution that, in lieu of end-to-end training with ground truths, is trained using known physics of the imaging system. Specifically, we train a generative adversarial network with images generated with the known point-spread function of the system, and combine this with unpaired experimental data that preserve perceptual content. Our method rapidly and robustly deconvolves and super-resolves microscopy images, demonstrating a two-fold improvement in image contrast to conventional deconvolution methods. In contrast to common end-to-end networks that often require 1000–10,000s paired images, our method is experimentally unsupervised and can be trained solely on a few hundred regions of interest. We demonstrate its performance on light-sheet microscopy with propagation-invariant Airy beams in oocytes, preimplantation embryos and excised brain tissue, as well as illustrate its utility for Bessel-beam LSM. This method aims to democratise learned methods for deconvolution, as it does not require data acquisition outwith the conventional imaging protocol.
Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision
Authors: Li Yueming , Jiang Ying , Lan Lu , Ge Xiaowei , Cheng Ran , Zhan Yuewei , Chen Guo , Shi Linli , Wang Runyu , Zheng Nan , Yang Chen , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 µm, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively.
Reduced expression of FRG1 facilitates breast cancer progression via GM-CSF/MEK-ERK axis by abating FRG1 mediated transcriptional repression of GM-CSF
Authors: Mukherjee Bratati , Tiwari Ankit , Palo Ananya , Pattnaik Niharika , Samantara Subrat , Dixit Manjusha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiple molecular subtypes and distinct clinical outcomes in breast cancer, necessitate specific therapy. Moreover, despite the improvements in breast cancer therapy, it remains the fifth cause of cancer-related deaths, indicating the involvement of unknown genes. To identify novel contributors and molecular subtype independent therapeutic options, we report reduced expression of FRG1 in breast cancer patients, which regulates GM-CSF expression via direct binding to its promoter. Reduction in FRG1 expression enhanced EMT and increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, in breast cancer cell lines. Loss of FRG1 increased GM-CSF levels which activated MEK/ERK axis and prevented apoptosis by inhibiting p53 in an ERK-dependent manner. FRG1 depletion in the mouse model increased tumor volume, phospho-ERK, and EMT marker levels. The therapeutic potential of anti-GM-CSF therapy was evident by reduced tumor size, when tumors with decreased FRG1 were treated with anti-GM-CSF mAb. We found an inverse expression pattern of FRG1 and phospho-ERK levels in breast cancer patient tissues, corroborating the in vitro and mouse model-based findings. Our findings first time elucidate the role of FRG1 as a metastatic suppressor of breast cancer by regulating the GM-CSF/MEK-ERK axis.
Vexed mutations promote degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through excessive activation of the innate immune response
Authors: Davis Jacinta , Kolaski Elizabeth , Babcock Daniel T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the brain. However, little is known about why DA neurons are selectively vulnerable to PD. We previously completed a screen identifying genes associated with the progressive degeneration of DA neurons. Here we describe the role of a previously uncharacterized gene, CG42339, in the loss of DA neurons using Drosophila Melanogaster. CG42339 mutants display a progressive loss of DA neurons and locomotor dysfunction, along with an accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the brain. Based on this phenotype, we refer to CG42339 as vexed. We demonstrate that vexed is specifically required within cortex glia to maintain neuronal viability. Loss of vexed function results in excessive activation of the innate immune response in the brain, leading to loss of DA neurons. We show that activation of the innate immune response leads to increased nitric oxide signaling and accumulation of AGEs, which ultimately result in neurodegeneration. These results provide further insight into the relationship between the role of the immune response in the central nervous system and how this impacts neuronal viability.
Mountain- and brown hare genetic polymorphisms to survey local adaptations and conservation status of the heath hare (Lepus timidus sylvaticus, Nilsson 1831)
Authors: Michell Craig T. , Pohjoismäki Jaakko L. O. , Spong Göran , Thulin Carl-Gustaf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe provide the first whole genome sequences from three specimens of the mountain hare subspecies the heath hare (Lepus timidus sylvaticus), along with samples from two mountain hares (Lepus timidus timidus) and two brown hares (Lepus europaeus) from Sweden. The heath hare has a unique grey winter pelage as compared to other mountain hares (white) and brown hares (mostly brown), and face regional extinction, likely due to competitive exclusion from the non-native brown hare. Whole genome resequencing from the seven hare specimens were mapped to the Lepus timidus pseudoreference genome and used for detection of 11,363,883 polymorphic nucleotide positions. The data presented here could be useful for addressing local adaptations and conservation status of mountain hares and brown hares in Sweden, including unique subspecies.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Nibea coibor using PacBio HiFi reads and Hi-C technologies
Authors: Yekefenhazi Dinaer , He Qiwei , Wang Xiaopeng , Han Wei , Song Chaowei , Li Wanbo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNibea coibor belongs to Sciaenidae and is distributed in the South China Sea, East China Sea, India and the Philippines. In this study, we sequenced the DNA of a male Nibea coibor using PacBio long-read sequencing and generated chromatin interaction data. The genome size of Nibea coibor was estimated to be 611.85~633.88 Mb based on k-mer counts generated with Jellyfish. PacBio sequencing produced 29.26 Gb of HiFi reads, and Hifiasm was used to assemble a 627.60 Mb genome with a contig N50 of 10.66 Mb. We further found the canonical telomeric repeats “TTAGGG” to be present at the telomeres of all 24 chromosomes. The completeness of the assembly was estimated to be 98.9% and 97.8% using BUSCO and Merqury, respectively. Using the combination of ab initio prediction, protein homology and RNAseq annotation, we identified a total of 21,433 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Nibea coibor and Nibea albiflora are closely related. The results provide an important basis for research on the genetic breeding and genome evolution of Nibea coibor.