bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Marketing in Latin America: A Historical Overview
Authors: Alonso Vazquez Marisol , Aya Pastrana Nathaly 
Published: February 2022

Background Although research about the trajectory of social marketing in the Global South has recently emerged, there is still limited scientific evidence exploring the past and current state of social marketing in Latin America. Understanding how social marketing has been used broadly in Latin America can help identify areas to prioritize and further advance social marketing research in the region. Focus of the Article This article provides evidence of the evolution of social marketing in Latin America from the 1960s. It offers a better understanding of the application of social marketing in this region, and focuses on identifying challenges and applications illustrative of its evolution. Importance to the Social Marketing Field This study provides a historical overview of the evolution of social marketing in Latin America. It explores how social marketing has been applied across time to drive positive social change in this region. Relevant studies identified during this study serve as valuable information for researchers and practitioners interested in studying and applying social marketing in Latin America and similar contexts. Methods This exploratory study presents a broad overview of the body of literature with a focus on illustrative examples that depict the trajectory of social marketing in Latin America across time. Evidence in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages were collected through diverse sources including search engines, academic databases, social marketing journals, and consultation with researchers and practitioners from the region. This search was complemented with evidence from a selection of classic social marketing books. Results The evidence collected shows that social marketing has been used in Latin America for four decades but still has not achieved its full potential. Findings show a predominant use of downstream social marketing approaches as opposed to midstream or upstream approaches. Results also show that international funding was a key element for grounding the use of social marketing in Latin America between the 1970s and 1990s but it appears to be less predominant after these decades. Recommendations for Research or Practice Further research is required to provide a more nuanced understanding of the Latin American social marketing landscape. Scholars and practitioners are invited to share experiences and further investigate conceptualizations of social marketing from their unique contexts, realities, and native languages. Limitations This study was delimited to provide a historical overview of the use of social marketing in Latin America based on a synthesis of the existing literature. A systematic approach to evidence synthesis is recommended for future studies on this topic.
WireSafeTM – A pilot study of a novel safety engineered device designed to prevent guidewire retention and reduce sharps injuries during central venous catheter insertion
Authors: Patel Vikesh , Chemban Faiz M , Samad Sohel , Swan Thomas , Gooch James , Dean Jonathan , Pearson Darcy , Heij Robin , Young Peter J , Mariyaselvam Maryanne ZA 
Published: February 2022

Background Guidewire retention and sharps injury during central venous catheter insertion are errors that cause patient and healthcare professional harm. The WireSafeTM is a novel procedure safety pack engineered to prevent guidewire retention and sharps injury during central venous catheter insertion. This is a pilot study aimed to determine its acceptability, usability and safety during clinical practice. Methods An observational time and motion study was conducted comparing central venous catheter insertion and sharps disposal practice using standard versus WireSafeTM techniques. One-year following implementation, a structured survey was conducted to determine clinician opinion and experiences of using the WireSafeTM. Results 15 procedures were observed using standard practice and 16 using the WireSafeTM technique. The WireSafeTM technique decreased the time taken from removal of the guidewire to disposal of sharps (standard 11.4 ± 5.6 min vs WireSafeTM 8.7 ± 1.4 min, p = 0.035), as well as total procedure time (standard 16 ± 7 min vs WireSafeTM 14.2 ± 2 min, p = 0.17), although this latter trend did not reach significance. Clinicians frequently practiced unsafe behaviour during sharps disposal in the standard group (53%), but when using the WireSafeTM technique, 100% exhibited safe practice by transferring sharps to the bin inside the sealed WireSafeTM box. One-year following implementation, 20 clinicians participated in the structured survey. Clinicians across three different departments used the WireSafeTM in varying clinical situations and reported that its use for central line insertion was either easier (10/20) or no different (10/20) compared to standard practice. All clinicians (20/20) felt that the WireSafeTM reduced the risk of guidewire retention and all stated that they approved of the WireSafeTM technique, and supported its use for convenience and safety benefits. Conclusion Utilising the WireSafeTM for central line insertion facilitated earlier and safer sharps disposal, and the device was well supported by clinicians for its convenience and safety benefits.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and angiogenic bioactive silver nanoparticles produced using Murraya paniculata (L.) jack leaves
Authors: Rama Purushothaman , Baldelli Alberto , Vignesh Anandhan , Altemimi Ammar B , Lakshmanan Govindan , Selvam Rajendran , Arunagirinathan Narasingam , Murugesan Kandasamy , Pratap-Singh Anubhav 
Published: February 2022

Murraya paniculata (MP) can be used as a reducing agent to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a simple procedure. AgNPs are characterized in morphological and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. The morphology of AgNPs derived from MP shows a face-centered cubic structure, spherical shape with an average particle size of 23 nm. The chemical structure shows characteristic peaks of AgNPs using UV-vis spectrometer at 438 nm. The formation of AgNPs is confirmed by analyzing their vibrational states under infrared radiation; typical peaks of AgNPs are recognized: at 3429 cm−1 (O-H stretch, H-bonded alcohols, phenols groups), 2923 cm−1 (C-H stretch alkanes), 1626 cm−1 (N-H bend 1° amines), 1583 cm−1 (C-C stretch in ring aromatic), 1039 cm−1 (C-N stretch aliphatic amines), 728 cm−1 (C-Cl stretch alkyl halides), and 589 cm−1 (C-Br stretch alkyl halides), respectively. AgNPs produced from MP show antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. They show the highest sensitivity toward Bacillus cereus. Cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs, determined by scratch wound assay on in vitro human endothelial vein cell, created from MP showed dose-dependent activity. These AgNPs, at a concentration of 15.625 μg/mL, stimulate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells (EC) showing an angiogenic activity.
Respiratory distress associated with acute hydrothorax during transurethral electrocoagulation: a case report
Authors: Sunabe Mei , Hoshi Takuo , Niisato Emina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In patients undergoing abdominal radiotherapy or transurethral surgery, bladder perforations are a possible complication. Likewise, pleural effusions due to a pleuroperitoneal leak caused by either a congenital or acquired diaphragmatic defect can also occur. We report a case in which a saline solution, which migrated into the abdominal cavity from a bladder perforation during transurethral electrocoagulation, further formed bilateral pleural effusions and caused rapid ventilation failure.

Case presentation
A patient undergoing radiation therapy and hormone therapy for prostate cancer underwent emergency surgery for electrocoagulation due to hematuria and a rapid drop in hemoglobin. The surgery began under general anesthesia, and we first noticed an increase in airway pressure and a decrease in dynamic lung compliance, followed by abdominal distension. Based on readouts from the respiratory mechanics monitor, we suspected lung abnormalities and performed a pulmonary ultrasound, leading to a diagnosis of bilateral pleural effusions, which we then drained.

Conclusions
Respiratory mechanics monitoring is simple and can be performed at all times during anesthesia, and when combined with pulmonary ultrasound, diagnoses can be made quickly and prevent deaths.
A novel technique for assessment of post-extubation airway obstruction can successfully replace the conventional cuff leak test: a pilot study
Authors: Tokunaga Kentaro , Ejima Tadashi , Nakashima Takuro , Kuwahara Manami , Narimatsu Noriko , Sagishima Katsuyuki , Mizumoto Teruhiko , Sakagami Takuro , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPost-extubation airway obstruction is an important complication of tracheal intubation. The cuff leak test is traditionally used to estimate the risk of this complication. However, the cuff leak test parameters are not constant and may depend on the respiratory system and ventilator settings. Furthermore, deflating the cuff also be a risk factor for patient-ventilator asynchrony and ventilator-associated pneumonia.Instead of using the cuff leak test, we measured the pressure of the leak to the upper airway through the gap between the tube and glottis with a constant low flow from the lumen above the cuff without deflating the cuff and called it "pressure above the cuff."The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pressure above the cuff can be used as an alternative to the cuff leak volume.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted at Kumamoto University Hospital after obtaining approval from the institutional review board. The pressure above the cuff was measured using an endotracheal tube with an evacuation lumen above the cuff and an automated cuff pressure modulation device. We pumped 0.16 L per minute of air and measured the steady-state pressure using an automated cuff pressure modulation device. Then, the cuff leak test was performed, and the cuff leak volume was recorded. The cuff leak volume was defined as the difference between the expiratory tidal volume with the cuff inflated and deflated. The relationship between the pressure above the cuff and cuff leak volume was evaluated. The patient-ventilator asynchrony during each measurement was also examined.ResultsThe pressure above the cuff was measured, and the cuff leak volume was assessed 27 times. The pressure above the cuff was significantly correlated with the cuff leak volume (r = -0.76,p < 0.001). Patient-ventilator asynchrony was detected in 37% of measurements during the cuff leak test, but not during the pressure above the cuff test.ConclusionsThis study suggests that pressure above the cuff measurement may be a less complicated alternative to the conventional cuff leak test for evaluation of the risk of post-extubation airway obstruction.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000039987; March 30, 2020).https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000044604
The effect of shared decision-making on recovery from non-chronic aspecific low back pain in primary care; a post-hoc analysis from the patient, physician and observer perspectives
Authors: Sanders Ariëtte R. J. , de Wit Niek J. , Zuithoff Nicolaas P. A. , van Dulmen Sandra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Although shared decision-making (SDM) is increasingly accepted in healthcare and has demonstrated merits for several psychological outcomes, the effect on recovery from somatic conditions is still subject to debate. The objective of this study is to measure the effect of SDM on recovery from non-chronic aspecific low back pain (LBP).

Methods
This study is a post-hoc analysis of data from a cluster-randomised trial that evaluated the effectiveness of SDM on recovery in patients with non-chronic aspecific LBP. In this analysis, we re-evaluate the impact of SDM from three perspectives: that of external observers, participating GPs and participating patients. Recovery was measured with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and with the Roland Morris Disability questionnaire (RMD) and defined as a VAS < 30 and an RMD < 4. Logistic regression was used to analyse the effect of SDM on recovery at 6 and 26 weeks.

Results
At 26 weeks, 105 (74%) of all 176 included patients had recovered. No significant effect of SDM on recovery at 6 or 26 weeks after the consultation was found when considering SDM from an observer perspective or a patient perspective. From a GP perspective SDM had a significant effect on recovery, but at 26 weeks only, and with the lowest probability of recovery observed at a medium level of GP-perceived SDM.

Conclusions
We found no evidence that SDM as perceived by the patient or by external observation improves recovery from non-chronic aspecific low back pain. The long-term recovery may be better for patients in whom the GP perceives SDM during their consultations. Further research should highlight the hierarchy and the relation between the perspectives, which is needed to come to an integral effect evaluation of SDM.

Trial registration
The Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR) number: NTR1960.
Design of therapeutic education workshops for home haemodialysis in a patient-centered chronic kidney diseases research: a qualitative study
Authors: Guerraoui Abdallah , Galland Roula , Belkahla-Delabruyere Flora , Didier Odile , Berger Veronique , Sauvajon Pierre , Serve Christian , Zuriaga Jean Charles , Riquier Fréderic , Caillette-Beaudoin Agnes 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Rationale & Objective
A quarter of patients do not receive any information on the modalities of renal remplacement therapy (RRT) before its initiation. In our facility, we provide therapeutic education workshops for all RRT except for home hemodialysis (HHD). The objectives of this study were to identify and describe the needs of CKD patients and caregivers for RRT with HHD and design therapeutic education workshops.

Setting & participants
Two sequential methods of qualitative data collection were conducted. Interviews with patients treated with HHD and doctors specialized in HHD were performed to define the interview guide followed by semi-structured interviews with the help of HHD patients from our center.

Analytic approach
Thematic analysis was conducted and were rooted in the principles of qualitative analysis for social scientists. Data were analyzed by two investigators. Transcribed interviews were entered into RQDA 3.6.1 software for data organization and coding purposes (Version 3.6.1).

Results
In total, five interviews were performed. We identified six themes related to the barriers, facilitators, and potential solutions to home dialysis therapy: (1) HHD allows autonomy and freedom with constraints, (2) safety of the care environment, (3) the caregiver and family environment, (4) patient’s experience and experiential knowledge, (5) self-care experience and impact on life, and (6) factors that impact the choice of treatment with HHD. We designed therapeutic education workshops in a group of patients and caregivers.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed previous results obtained in literature on the major barriers, facilitators, and potential solutions to HHD including the impact of HHD on the caregiver, the experiences of patients already treated with HHD, and the role of nurses and nephrologists in informing and educating patients. A program to develop patient-to-patient peer mentorship allowing patients to discuss their dialysis experience may be relevant.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of GnRH agonist treated GBM cell line LN229 revealed regulatory proteins inhibiting cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Tripathi Priyanka H. , Akhtar Javed , Arora Jyoti , Saran Ravindra Kumar , Mishra Neetu , Polisetty Ravindra Varma , Sirdeshmukh Ravi , Gautam Poonam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor, a rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family member involved in GnRH signaling, is reported to be expressed in several tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one of the most malignant and aggressive forms of primary brain tumors. However, the molecular targets associated with GnRH receptor are not well studied in GBM or in other cancers. The present study aims at investigating the effect of GnRH agonist (Gosarelin acetate) on cell proliferation and associated signaling pathways in GBM cell line, LN229.

Methods
LN229 cells were treated with different concentrations of GnRH agonist (10−10 M to 10−5 M) and the effect on cell proliferation was analyzed by cell count method. Further, total protein was extracted from control and GnRH agonist treated cells (with maximum reduction in cell proliferation) followed by trypsin digestion, labeling with iTRAQ reagents and LC-MS/MS analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatic analysis was performed for annotation of proteins for the associated molecular function, altered pathways and network analysis using STRING database.

Results
The treatment with different concentrations of GnRH agonist showed a reduction in cell proliferation with a maximum reduction of 48.2% observed at 10−6 M. Quantitative proteomic analysis after GnRH agonist treatment (10−6 M) led to the identification of a total of 29 differentially expressed proteins with 1.3-fold change (23 upregulated, such as, kininogen-1 (KNG1), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and 6 downregulated, such as integrator complex subunit 11 (CPSF3L), protein FRG1 (FRG1). Some of them are known [KNG1, AHSG, AFP] while others such as inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 (ITIH2), ITIH4, and LIM domain-containing protein 1 (LIMD1) are novel to GnRH signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed a direct interaction of KNG1, a hub molecule, with GnRH, GnRH receptor, EGFR and other interactors including ITIH2, ITIH4 and AHSG. Overexpression of KNG1 after GnRH agonist treatment was validated using Western blot analysis, while a significant inhibition of EGFR was observed after GnRH agonist treatment.

Conclusions
The study suggests a possible link of GnRH signaling with EGFR signaling pathways likely via KNG1. KNG1 inhibitors may be investigated independently or in combination with GnRH agonist for therapeutic applications.
Functional connectivity density alterations in children with strabismus and amblyopia based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Authors: Shi Yi-Dan , Ge Qian-Min , Lin Qi , Liang Rong-Bin , Li Qiu-Yu , Shi Wen-Qing , Li Biao , Shao Yi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore functional connectivity density (FCD) values of brain areas in children with strabismus and amblyopia (SA) based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals.

Methods
This study recruited 26 children (14 male, 12 females) with SA and 26 healthy children (14 male, 12 female) as healthy controls (HCs). Both groups matched in age, gender, educational level and socioeconomic background. While resting, all participants underwent fMRI scanning and global FCD (gFCD) and local FCD (lFCD) values were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to investigate whether there was a significant difference between children with SA and healthy controls.

Results
When compared with healthy controls, children with SA had significantly lower gFCD values in the right cerebellum, left putamen, and right superior frontal gyrus; however, the same metrics showed opposite changes in the right angular gyrus, left middle cingulate gyrus, left angular gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. In children with SA, lFCD values were found to be remarkably decreased in regions of the middle right temporal pole, right cerebellum, left putamen, left hippocampus, right hippocampus, left thalamus, left cerebellum; values were increased in the right superior parietal gyrus as compared with healthy controls.

Conclusion
We noted abnormal neural connectivity in some brain areas of children with SA; detailing such connectivity aberrations is useful in exploring the pathophysiology of SA and providing useful information for future clinical management.
Long-term outcome in corneal endotheliitis with molecular detection of herpes simplex virus 1 and human herpes virus 6: a case report
Authors: Ono Takashi , Iwasaki Takuya , Terada Yukiko , Mori Yosai , Nejima Ryohei , Ozaki Mineo , Mochizuki Manabu , Miyata Kazunori 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is known to cause exanthema subitem and has been detected in various ocular diseases, including keratitis, uveitis, optic neuritis, and endophthalmitis; however, the long-term outcome after the reactivation of HHV-6B has not been well-addressed. Sugita et al. previously reported the concomitant presence of HHV-6B with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) in the aqueous fluid at the onset of corneal endotheliitis. We focused on the same patient with corneal endotheliitis, in whom both HSV-1 and HHV-6B sequences were observed, and reported the clinical course and long-term outcomes.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old woman was referred to our center for visual disturbances in the left eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 0.5 and the left intraocular pressure was elevated to 33 mmHg. Mid-sized keratic precipitates and 2+ cells were observed in the anterior chamber with corneal endothelial edema and reduction of the corneal endothelial cell density to 1828 cells/mm2. The patient was diagnosed with corneal endotheliitis with increased intraocular pressure. Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the concomitant presence of both HSV-1 and HHV-6B sequences in the left aqueous fluid. After treatment with oral valacyclovir and topical betamethasone, her intraocular inflammation gradually improved and has not recurred at 12 years after corneal endotheliitis onset although corneal opacity remained.

Conclusions
Reactivation of HHV-6B infection might be associated with HSV-1 corneal endotheliitis; however, no serious late sequelae occurred after appropriate treatment for HSV-1 infection in this immunocompetent host.
Heterogeneity in gender dysphoria in a Brazilian sample awaiting gender-affirming surgery: a data-driven analysis
Authors: Silva Dhiordan Cardoso , Rabelo-da-Ponte Francisco Diego , Salati Leonardo Romeira , Lobato Maria Inês Rodrigues 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Population heterogeneity and the lack of clinical and sociodemographic information in transgender individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) remains a challenge for specialized services in mental health and surgical procedures. It aimed to identify and describe profiles in a sample waiting for gender-affirming surgery.

Methods
A sample of 100 outpatients with GD was assessed through a structured interview, Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Life Satisfaction scale (SWLS). Cluster analysis was used to identify different profile categories.

Results
Two subgroups with different profiles were identified: with less clinical severity (LCS) and with high clinical severity (HCS) on emotional dysregulation, acute symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and association with mental rumination. The HCS cluster had greater vulnerability in terms of psychiatric history, use of psychotropic drugs, HIV positive, child abuse and suicidal behavior.

Conclusion
Different profiles were found regarding the vulnerability to mental health in a sample of transgender people with GD who seek a public hospital service for the same clinical-surgical objective. Longitudinal studies are essential to monitor the impact of these contrasts and to target personalized therapeutic approaches in the prevention of psychiatric disorders.