bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The remarkable genetic relationship between Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hemodialysis patients and their household contacts: Homes as an important source of colonization and dissemination
Authors: Montoya Urrego Daniela , Vanegas Johanna M. , Jiménez J. Natalia 
Published: April 2022

Introduction
Staphylococcus aureus is a successful pathogen in hospital and community. Hemodialysis patients have high colonization rates. Interactions between them and their household contacts, are an opportunity to understand the S. aureus colonization between hospitals and community. This study aims to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of S. aureus colonization in hemodialysis patients and their household contacts, as well as the genetic relationship between their isolates.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on hemodialysis patients from hospital-associated dialysis center in Medellín-Colombia, and their household contacts between 2019 and 2020. Colonization was assessed in the nostrils for household contacts and nostrils and skin around the catheter insertion for hemodialysis patients. Epidemiological information was obtained, and colonization was evaluated in their pets’ oral cavities. Bacterial identification and susceptibility were assessed using phenotypic and molecular methods. Molecular typing included SCCmec typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and virulence factor detection.

Results
Colonization frequency was 35.6% (n = 16/45) in patients (87.5% MSSA– 12.5% MRSA) and 43.1% (n = 53/123) in household contacts (88.7% MSSA—11.3% MRSA). Of 45 homes, 77.8% presented colonized people. Colonization was detected in at least two household members in 46.7% of homes, of which 52.4% had a genetic relationship. Colonization was 16% (n = 4/25) in pets (75% MRSA—25% MSSA). The most frequent clonal complex was CC8 (15.6%), and the spa typing revealed high diversity.

Conclusion
This study shows a high frequency of colonization by S. aureus in both hemodialysis patients and their household contacts and a significant genetic relationship between their isolates. This demonstrates an exchange of this bacterium and that homes are an important source of colonization to patients, highlighting the need for prevention strategies outside the hospital to avoid future infections, and the importance of the populations with permanent transit between the two environments.
Heavy Metal Armour: A Visual Study of Battle Jackets
Authors: Cardwell Thomas 
Published: April 2022

The first of its kind – original, unique and beautifully illustrated by the author. Engagingly written, it will appeal to fans and academics alike.

A lavishly illustrated study of the heavy metal battle jacket in a historical and cultural context, with a unique approach to analysis and interrogation of form and style through painting practice and theory.

Since the 1970s, customized denim 'battle jackets' have been worn by heavy metal fans to signify their devotion to the music and subcultures of metal. Embellished by the wearers with patches, badges and studs, these jackets are works of art that communicate the values of metal to the world at large. This book features a series of detailed paintings that visually document examples of jackets alongside photographic portraits of the fans that wear them.

The accompanying chapters describe the significance of battle jackets in metal scenes and trace a lineage of customized clothing starting in the Middle Ages. Connections are made with a wide range of historic and contemporary artworks, suggesting a broad context within which to more fully appreciate the significance of the jackets. The methodology spans a range of disciplines from art theory to ethnography and subcultural studies, and the discussion is informed by responses from a series of interviews conducted over the years with metal fans.

The book has a highly original focus and the author’s approach to the subject is unique. It reaches across a range of fields: the history and cultural context of heavy metal music, style and dress; art history and practice, particularly painting; subcultural studies; fashion and dress; music graphics, branding and marketing.

Tom Cardwell is an artist and researcher specialising in contemporary painting, customized clothing and heavy metal subcultures. He is senior lecturer in painting at Camberwell, University of the Arts London.

It will appeal to readers with an interest in metal subcultures; fashion, style and dress; music branding and identity; contemporary art theory and practice. The writing style and content is relaxed, engaging and will be of interest to a wider casual readership with an interest in popular culture and the arts.

A useful resource for academics and students interested in heavy metal, customized clothing/DIY subcultures, painting and visual arts. Could appeal to undergraduate as well as postgraduates and scholars in these fields, and a broader interest in visual culture.
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lokshina A. B. , Grishina D. A. , Obukhova A. V. 
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of cognitive impairment in adults. There are two main forms of AD: early-onset (onset before 65 years) and late-onset (onset after 65 years). Early-onset AD accounts for at least 5% of all disease cases. The risk of early-onset AD increases in the presence of a family burden and a history of traumatic brain injury. However, it is less associated with cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity compared to late-onset AD. The article provides a review of current publications on the diagnostic and treatment problems in early forms of AD. Clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging differences between AD with early and late onset are presented.On the example of a clinical observation of a patient with AD with an onset at the age of 38 years, stabilization of the cognitive defect for 6 months and a decrease in the severity of emotional and behavioral disorders after Akatinol Memantine administration are shown. The main problems of management of young patients with AD are considered.
Possibilities nootropic drugs in non-demented patients with vascular cognitive disorders
Authors: Dadasheva M. N. , Gorenkov R. V. , Kruglov V. A. , Dadasheva K. N. , Lebedeva D. I. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: to study the clinical efficacy and tolerability of omberacetam in comparison with piracetam/cinnarizine and aminophenylbutyric acid in non-demented patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).Patients and methods. The study included 150 patients with VCI that does not meet dementia, randomized into three groups of 50 patients. In addition to the basis therapy, patients of the 1st group recieved omberacetam 10 mg 2 times per day, the 2nd group – piracetam/cinnarizine 400/25 mg (1 tablet) 3 times per day, the 3rd group – aminophenylbutyric acid 250 mg 3 times per day. The duration of the treatment course was 45 days. In 50 patients of the 1st group and another 50 patients with VCI from other groups, the duration of the nootropic effect of omberacetam was evaluated 3.5 months after the end of follow-up. Cognitive functions and emotional state of patients were assessed using: 1) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); 2) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A); 3) Subjective assessment of asthenia scale; 4) Modified subjective sleep characteristics scale. Evaluation of treatment effectiveness and tolerability was carried out.Results and discussion. During omberacetam treatment a significant improvement in well-being and regression of patient complaints were observed. After 45 days of therapy an increase in the mean MoCA score from 19.8 to 23.3 points (p≥0.001) was observed in the omberacetam group. In other groups, an increase in the mean MoCA score was also noted, but it was less significant. A decrease in asthenic symptoms, anxiety, and dissomnic disorders was present in all studied groups. Anxiety level, assessed by the HAM-A, decreased by 16.9; 19.9 and 20.0 points (p≥0.001) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Sleep characteristics, assessed by the subjective sleep characteristics scale, improved by 4.6; 5.0 and 5.3 points (p≥0.001), respectively. 4.5 months after the completion of the omberacetam treatment course, the mean MoCA score was 0.8 points higher compared to baseline (p=0.061).Conclusion. The results showed high efficacy and safety of omberacetam in patients with VCI. A long-term positive effect of omberacetam was observed.
Assessment of the psychological state of children with dental anomalies
Authors: Razilova A. V. , Mamedov Ad. A. , Simonova A. V. 
Published: April 2022

Currently, a significant proportion of children have dental anomalies (DA) and require orthodontic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is reduced due to the age-related characteristics of the child's psyche, which lengthens the time and affects the quality of the appointment.Objective: to assess the emotional state of children with DA aged 6–12 years.Patients and methods. To study the characteristics of the psychological state of children, 122 patients aged 6–12 years (44 boys and 78 girls, mean age 9 [7; 11] years) were examined and orthodontically treated. Children's complaints, the presence of tics and obsessive habits were assessed. The psychological state of the patients was assessed using the G.P. Lavrentieva and T.M. Titarenko anxiety level in children questionnaire. Causes and factors that increase anxiety at the reception were assessed using a questionnaire developed by the authors.Results and discussion. Aesthetic defect and speech disorders were the most frequent complaints among children aged 6–12 years with DA (58 and 23%, respectively), especially among older girls (r=0.72). 91.2% of children had obsessive habits, 48% had motor tics. Three groups were distinguished: with low (59.0%), medium (19.7%) and high (21.3%) levels of anxiety. No significant associations were found between the anxiety level and gender, age, presence of tics and obsessive habits. Factors that increased anxiety in children during an orthodontist's appointment were: past personal negative experience at a dental appointment (in 27.0%); office environment (23.8%); negative experience of parents or peers (16.4%); frequent visits to medical institutions in the past (21.3%); family relations (11.5%). The most common anxiety causes were pain expectation and inexplicable fear, a little less often - unpleasant manipulations in the oral cavity and comments from the parent. The rarest cause of anxiety was a disapproving remark from an orthodontist.Conclusion. Children with DA aged 6–12 years have an increased anxiety level, independent of gender and age. These children require a special approach from the orthodontist and, possibly, a consultation with a psychotherapist.
Phonological Process in Passive Verb Markers of Bahasa Bakumpai
Authors: Arief Yusuf Al 
Published: April 2022

This research is about the phonological process which occurs in the forming of passive verbs in bahasa Bakumpai. The theory applied in this research is generative phonology. The object of this research is bahasa Bakumpai, one of the languages used by people in South and Central Borneo who live by Barito River. The research was conducted with descriptive qualitative method. The data collection was conducted by searching active and passive verbs in bahasa Bakumpai dictionary and verified by a native speaker. Result of the research shows that the prefix which becomes the passive marker is /i/ and when it is attached to stems begin with consonants, there are insertions of consonants such as the [n], [m], [ng], and [ny] which are categorized as allophones since they occur in complementary distribution in the environments.
A characterization of centrally symmetric convex bodies in terms of visual cones
Authors: Morales-Amaya E. , Jerónimo-Castro J. , Verdusco Hernández D. J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We prove the following result: Let K be a strictly convex body in the Euclidean space ℝ
n
, n ≥ 3, and let L be a hypersurface which is the image of an embedding of the sphere 𝕊
n–1, such that K is contained in the interior of L. Suppose that, for every x ∈ L, there exists y ∈ L such that the support cones of K with apexes at x and y differ by a central symmetry. Then K and L are centrally symmetric and concentric.
Positive semigroups in lattices and totally real number fields
Authors: Fukshansky Lenny , Wang Siki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Let L be a full-rank lattice in ℝ
d
and write L
+ for the semigroup of all vectors with nonnegative coordinates in L. We call a basis X for L positive if it is contained in L
+. There are infinitely many such bases, and each of them spans a conical semigroup S(X) consisting of all nonnegative integer linear combinations of the vectors of X. Such S(X) is a sub-semigroup of L
+, and we investigate the distribution of the gaps of S(X) in L
+, i.e. the points in L
+ ∖ S(X). We describe some basic properties and counting estimates for these gaps. Our main focus is on the restrictive successive minima of L
+ and of L
+ ∖ S(X), for which we produce bounds in the spirit of Minkowski’s successive minima theorem and its recent generalizations. We apply these results to obtain analogous bounds for the successive minima with respect to Weil heights of totally positive sub-semigroups of ideals in totally real number fields.
A method to classify bone marrow cells with rejected option
Authors: Guo Liang , Huang Peiduo , He Haisen , Lu Qinghang , Su Zhihao , Zhang Qingmao , Li Jiaming , Ma Qiongxiong , Li Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bone marrow cell morphology has always been an important tool for the diagnosis of blood diseases. Still, it requires years of experience from a suitable person. Furthermore, the outcomes of their recognition are subjective and there is no objective quantitative standard. As a result, developing a deep learning automatic classification system for bone marrow cells is extremely important. However, typical classification machine learning systems only produce classification answers, and will not refuse to generate predictions when the prediction reliability is low. It will pose a big problem in some high-risk systems such as bone marrow cell recognition. This paper proposes a bone marrow cell classification method with rejected option (CMWRO) to classify 11 bone marrow cells. CMWRO is based on convolutional neural networks, ICP and SoftMax (CNN-ICP-SoftMax), containing a classifier with rejected option. When the rejected rate (RR) of tested samples is 0.3143, it can ensure that the precision, sensitivity, accuracy of the accepted samples reach 0.9921, 0.9917 and 0.9944 respectively. And the rejected samples will be handled by other ways, such as identified by doctors. Besides, the method has a good filtering effect on cell types that the classifier is not trained, such as abnormal cells and cells with less sample distribution. It can reach more than 82% in filtering efficiency. CMWRO improves the doctors’ trust in the results of accepted samples to a certain extent. They only need to carefully identify the samples that CMWRO refuses to recognize, and finally combines the two results. It can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of bone marrow cell recognition.
Noether–Severi inequality and equality for irregular threefolds of general type
Authors: Hu Yong , Zhang Tong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We prove the optimal Noether–Severi inequality that

vol
⁡

(
X
)

≥

4
3

⁢
χ
⁢

(

ω
X

)

{\operatorname{vol}(X)\geq\frac{4}{3}\chi(\omega_{X})}

for all smooth and irregular 3-folds X of general type over

ℂ

{\mathbb{C}}

.
For those 3-folds X attaining the equality, we completely describe their canonical models and show that the topological fundamental group

π
1

⁢

(
X
)

≃

ℤ
2

{\pi_{1}(X)\simeq\mathbb{Z}^{2}}

. As a corollary, we obtain for the same X another optimal inequality that

vol
⁡

(
X
)

≥

4
3

⁢

h
a
0

⁢

(
X
,

K
X

)

{\operatorname{vol}(X)\geq\frac{4}{3}h^{0}_{a}(X,K_{X})}

where

h
a
0

⁢

(
X
,

K
X

)

{h^{0}_{a}(X,K_{X})}

stands for the continuous rank of

K
X

{K_{X}}

, and we show that X attains this equality if and only if

vol
⁡

(
X
)

=

4
3

⁢
χ
⁢

(

ω
X

)

{\operatorname{vol}(X)=\frac{4}{3}\chi(\omega_{X})}

.
Integration of microwave co-torrefaction with helical lift for pellet fuel production
Authors: Cheong Kah Yein , Kong Sieng Huat , Liew Rock Keey , Wong Chee Chung , Wong Chee Swee , Ngu Heng Jong , Yek Peter Nai Yuh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The heating performance of empty fruit bunch pellets (EFBPs) has been limited by its low energy density, high moisture, and ash content. Hence, microwave co-torrefaction (MCT) was performed with microwave heating unto waste oil mixed EFBP to produce high-energy biofuel. However, the non-homogeneous electromagnetic fields distribution in the microwave cavity results in an uneven heating behavior, producing the hot and cold spots. Hence, MCT coupled with helical lift was examined for its potential to improve heat distribution. The effect of temperature and types of waste oil on the proximate analysis and surface properties were studied. In comparison to the conventional torrefaction using a furnace (>30 min), MCT provided rapid heating (50–80°C·min−1) and a shorter process time (10 min). The use of helical lift with 2-dimensional movement – rotational (24 rpm·min−1) and vertical motion (5 cm·min−1) simultaneously, distributed microwave radiation uniformly for rapid heating. The proximate analysis demonstrated that the ash content was reduced from 8 to 3 wt%, and the highest fuel ratio of 2.0 was achieved. Additionally, the highly porous structure of EFBP biochar can act as an activated carbon precursor. MCT coupled with helical lift represents a promising approach to prevent hot spots during microwave heating.
The slenderness ratio effect on the response of closed-end pipe piles in liquefied and non-liquefied soil layers under coupled static-seismic loading
Authors: Al-Jeznawi Duaa , Mohamed Jais Ismacahyadi Bagus , Albusoda Bushra S. , Khalid Norazlan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study presents the findings of a 3D finite element modeling on the performance of a single pile under various slenderness ratios (25, 50, 75, 100). These percentages were assigned to cover the most commonly configuration used in such kind of piles. The effect of the soil condition (dry and saturated) on the pile response was also investigated. The pile was modeled as a linear elastic, the surrounded dry soil layers were simulated by adopting a modified Mohr-Coulomb model, and the saturated soil layers were simulated by the modified UBCSAND model. The soil-pile interaction was represented by interface elements with a reduction factor (R) of 0.6 in the loose sand layer and 0.7 in the dense sand layer. The study was compared with the findings of 1g shaking table tests which were performed with a slenderness ratio of 25. In the validation case, there was a clear correlation between the laboratory findings and the numerical analyses. It was observed that the failure mechanism is influenced by the soil condition and the slenderness ratio to some extent. Under the dry soil condition, no base pile deformation was observed; However, tip pile movement was observed under the saturated soil condition with pile slenderness ratios of 25 and 50. The findings of this study are also aimed to include an approximation of the long-term deformations at the ground surface which has experienced shaking.
Determining code parameters to achieve the maximum bandwidth efficiency in fiber-optic CDMA systems
Authors: Bogheiri Tahereh , Ghorban Sabbagh Abbasali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper first determines the generalized optical orthogonal code (GOOC) parameters to minimize the bit error probability in fiber-optic code division multiple access systems. The systems use on-off keying as the modulator and the optical AND logic gate as the receiver. In situations where the problem of finding the lowest bit error probability has more than one answer, we introduce and examine four approaches to choose the optimal answer. Finally, by employing a complete search of code parameters, we determine GOOC parameters (if there are any) to achieve the maximum bandwidth efficiency considering the design constraints, i.e., the number of network users and the maximum acceptable probability of error.
Clinical and radiologic evaluation of a Turkish family with hypochondroplasia and a rare FGFR3 variant
Authors: Ekinci Sadiye , Ülger Yasemin , Acar Mustafa Oğuz , Ceran Ayşegül , Aycan Zehra , Fitoz Ömer Suat , Ilgın Ruhi Hatice 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Hypochondroplasia (HCH) is characterized by disproportionate short stature and regarded as a milder form of achondroplasia (ACH), which is another skeletal dysplasia, both caused by variants in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. HCH diagnosis is based on the clinical features and skeletal survey findings. The most common FGFR3 variant in HCH affects the codon 540, leading to substitution of asparagine with lysine in about 70% of patients.

Case presentation
Herein, we described the clinical and radiographical manifestations of HCH in affected members of a Turkish family with very rare Asn540Thr (c.1619A>C) variant within hot spot of the gene for this condition.

Conclusions
This is a very rarely reported variant in the literature and this report is the first case with this variant in Turkish population. The report also presents the phenotypic variability within a family with the same variant, which is inherent to HCH.
From fixed-dried to wet-fixed to live – comparative super-resolution microscopy of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations
Authors: Szafranska Karolina , Neuman Tanja , Baster Zbigniew , Rajfur Zenon , Szelest Oskar , Holte Christopher , Kubisiak Agata , Kus Edyta , Wolfson Deanna L. , Chlopicki Stefan , Ahluwalia Balpreet S. , Lekka Malgorzata , Szymonski Marek , McCourt Peter , Zapotoczny Bartlomiej 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fenestrations in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are transcellular nanopores of 50–350 nm diameter that facilitate bidirectional transport of solutes and macromolecules between the bloodstream and the parenchyma of the liver. Liver diseases, ageing, and various substances such as nicotine or ethanol can negatively influence LSECs fenestrations and lead to defenestration. Over the years, the diameter of fenestrations remained the main challenge for imaging of LSEC in vitro. Several microscopy, or rather nanoscopy, approaches have been used to quantify fenestrations in LSEC to assess the effect of drugs and, and toxins in different biological models. All techniques have their limitations, and measurements of the “true” size of fenestrations are hampered because of this. In this study, we approach the comparison of different types of microscopy in a correlative manner. We combine scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with optical nanoscopy methods such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM) or stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. In addition, we combined atomic force microscopy (AFM) with SEM and STED, all to better understand the previously reported differences between the reports of fenestration dimensions. We conclude that sample dehydration alters fenestration diameters. Finally, we propose the combination of AFM with conventional microscopy that allows for easy super-resolution observation of the cell dynamics with additional chemical information that can be traced back for the whole experiment. Overall, by pairing the various types of imaging techniques that provide topological 2D/3D/label-free/chemical information we get a deeper insight into both limitations and strengths of each type microscopy when applied to fenestration analysis.