bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation as an Alternative to High-risk Pancreatojejunostomy After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Balzano Gianpaolo , Zerbi Alessandro , Aleotti Francesca , Capretti Giovanni , Melzi Raffella , Pecorelli Nicolò , Mercalli Alessia , Nano Rita , Magistretti Paola , Gavazzi Francesca , De Cobelli Francesco , Poretti Dario , Scavini Marina , Molinari Chiara , Partelli Stefano , Crippa Stefano , Maffi Paola , Falconi Massimo , Piemonti Lorenzo 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To compare pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and total pancreatectomy (TP) with islet autotransplantation (IAT) in patients at high risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF).

Background:
Criteria to predict the risk of POPF occurrence after PD are available. However, even when a high risk of POPF is predicted, TP is not currently accepted as an alternative to PD, because of its severe consequences on glycaemic control. Combining IAT with TP may mitigate such consequences.

Methods:
Randomized, open-label, controlled, bicentric trial (NCT01346098). Candidates for PD at high-risk pancreatic anastomosis (ie, soft pancreas and duct diameter ≤3 mm) were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either PD or TP-IAT. The primary endpoint was the incidence of complications within 90 days after surgery.

Results:
Between 2010 and 2019, 61 patients were assigned to PD (n=31) or TP-IAT (n=30). In the intention-to-treat analysis, morbidity rate was 90·3% after PD and 60% after TP-IAT (P=0.008). According to complications’ severity, PD was associated with an increased risk of grade ≥2 [odds ratio (OR)=7.64 (95% CI: 1.35–43.3), P=0.022], while the OR for grade ≥3 complications was 2.82 (95% CI: 0.86–9.24, P=0.086). After TP-IAT, the postoperative stay was shorter [median: 10.5 vs 16.0 days; P<0.001). No differences were observed in disease-free survival, site of recurrence, disease-specific survival, and overall survival. TP-IAT was associated with a higher risk of diabetes [hazard ratio=9.1 (95% CI: 3.76–21.9), P<0.0001], but most patients maintained good metabolic control and showed sustained C-peptide production over time.

Conclusions:
TP-IAT may become the standard treatment in candidates for PD, when a high risk of POPF is predicted.
Increasing household diet diversity and food security in rural Rwanda using small-scale nutrition-sensitive agriculture: A community-level proof of concept study
Authors: Sly Brittney C. , Weir Tiffany L. , Melby Christopher L. , Cunningham-Sabo Leslie , Leisz Stephen J. , Stull Valerie J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn Rwanda, rates of malnutrition remain high in rural areas where residents consume a primarily starch-based, low variety diet. Nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions using kitchen gardens have been effective in addressing low diet diversity in similar populations. This study’s objective was to develop a kitchen garden and nutrition education intervention aimed at sustainably increasing diet diversity and food security at the household-level.DesignA mixed methods community-level study, with a sixteen-week nutrition-sensitive agricultural intervention including nutrition education was conducted. Household diet diversity scores and household hunger scores were calculated at baseline, post-intervention and one-year follow-up.SettingThe intervention was conducted in a rural Rwandan community in the Northern Province.ParticipantsStratified purposeful sampling techniques were used to select women participants representing forty-two households.ResultsHousehold diet diversity scores increased over time from pre-intervention to six months post-intervention and one-year post-intervention. The magnitude of the change was similar in all stratified groups (2.3x at 6 months and 2.9x at 1 year). Households whose main source of income was working for other farmers, reported a significantly lower diet diversity score than those households receiving income from sources [t(40) = -2.108, p=0.041]. Among those households not consuming protein and vitamin-A rich food groups at baseline, all reported consuming foods from these food groups post-intervention. There were no significant changes in household hunger scores.ConclusionsCollaborative community-based nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions using kitchen gardens, can increase household diet diversity, which may encourage sustained change in dietary patterns for nutritional adequacy in low-income rural Rwandan populations.
Predicting nutrient profiles in food after processing
Authors: Naravane Tarini , Tagkopoulos Ilias 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe future of personalized health relies on knowledge of dietary composition. The current analytical methods are impractical to scale up, and the computational methods are inadequate. We propose machine learning models to predict the nutritional profiles of cooked foods given the raw food composition and cooking method, for a variety of plant and animal-based foods. Our models (trained on USDA’s SR dataset) were on average 31% better than baselines, based on RMSE metric, and particularly good for leafy green vegetables and various cuts of beef. We also identified and remedied a bias in the data caused by representation of composition per 100grams. The scaling methods are based on a process-invariant nutrient, and the scaled data improves prediction performance. Finally, we advocate for an integrated approach of data analysis and modeling when generating future composition data to make the task more efficient, less costly and apply for development of reliable models.
Pathway elucidation of pharmaceutical cucurbitacin IIa in Hemsleya chinensis and high-level production of precursor cucurbitadienol in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Chen Geng , Guo Zhao-kuan , Zhao Yan , Shu Yan-yu , Qiu Lei , Duan Shao-feng , Lin Yuan , He Si-mei , Li Xiao-bo , Feng Xiao-Lin , Xiang Gui-sheng , Shi Yang , Yang Sheng-Chao , Zhang Guang-hui , Hao Bing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCucurbitacin IIa is a triterpene isolated exclusively from Hemsleya plants, which is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that function as the main ingredient of Hemslecin capsules and Supplemental Tablets in China. In this study, the biosynthetic pathway of cucurbitacin IIa was elucidated by characterization of squalene epoxidases (HcSE1, HcSE2), cucurbitenol synthases (HcOSC6) and acyltransferases (HcAT1) in Hemsleya chinensis. Meanwhile, cycloartenol synthases (HcOSC1), isomultiflorenol synthases (HcOSC5) and β-amyrin synthase (HcOSC2-4) involved in sterol and triterpenes biosynthesis were functionally illustrated. The high-level production of yeast the key cucurbitacin precursor, cucurbitadienol, was constructed to produce 296.37 mg/L cucurbitadienol and 722.99 mg/L total triterpenoid which is the highest yield cucurbitadienol from known engineered microbes. Moreover, production of cucurbitenol in transient expression of tobacco was employed to achieve 94.8 mg/g dry weight (dw) cucurbitenol from leaves. In this study, the key genes involved in cucurbitacin IIa biosynthesis were identified to facilitate its medical applications via biosynthetic strategy. Meanwhile, the high-level production of cucurbitadienol chassis yeast and tobacco transient expression offered a robust and sSupplemental Table substrate for pharmaceutical cucurbitacin production and screening platform for candidate genes involved in cucurbitacin biosynthesis.
Smartphone ownership and use among pregnant women with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Noholoza Sandisiwe , Phillips Tamsin K. , Madwayi Sindiswa , Mrubata Megan , Camlin Carol S. , Myer Landon , Clouse Kate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMobile health (mHealth) initiatives are increasingly common in low-resource settings, but the appropriateness of smartphone interventions is uncertain. To inform future mHealth interventions, we describe smartphone ownership, preferences and usage patterns among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Gugulethu, South Africa.MethodsWe screened pregnant WLHIV from December 2019 - February 2021 for the CareConekta trial. We describe sociodemographic characteristics and mobile phone ownership of all women screened (n=639), and smartphone use patterns among those enrolled in the trial (n=193).Results91% owned a mobile phone; 87% of those owned smartphones. Among those with smartphones, 92% used Android operating system version 5.0 or above, 98% of phones had GPS and 96% charged their phones <twice/day.Among 193 women enrolled, 99% owned the smartphone themselves; 14% shared their smartphone with someone but 96% of these possessed the phone most of the day. Median duration of smartphone ownership and current phone number was 12 [IQR:5-24] and 25 [IQR: 12-60] months, respectively. Participants reported a median of two [IQR: 1-2] phone numbers in the preceding two years.Receiving (100%) and making (99%) phone calls were the most common smartphone uses; least used were GPS (55%) and email (47%). WhatsApp (94%) was the favourite app reported.ConclusionSmartphone ownership is very common in this low-resource, peri-urban setting. Phone sharing was uncommon, nearly all used the Android system and phones retained sufficient battery life. These results are encouraging to the development of mHealth interventions. Existing messaging platforms – particularly WhatsApp – are exceedingly popular and could be leveraged for interventions.
Polygenic Risk for Substance-Related Traits Predicts Substance Use Onset and Progression: Sex and Population Group Differences
Authors: Kranzler Henry R. , Feinn Richard , Xu Heng , Ho Brendan L. , Saini Divya , Nicastro Olivia R. , Jacoby Anya , Toikumo Sylvanus , Gelernter Joel , Hartwell Emily E. , Kember Rachel L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCharting the clinical course of substance use disorders (SUDs) to identify etiologic contributors to milestone onset and progression could inform intervention efforts.MethodsWe calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS) in 5,692 European-ancestry individuals (EUR) (56.2% male) and 4,918 African-ancestry (AFR) individuals (54.9% male) using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), and smoking trajectory (SMK). Using Cox regression, we examined the association of polygenic risk with age of first substance use, regular use, reported problems, and dependence diagnosis and with progression from regular use to onset of problems and dependence.ResultsEUR and males reported earlier onset and shorter progression times than AFR and females, respectively. Among EUR, higher AUD PRS predicted earlier onset and more rapid progression to alcohol-related milestones (p’s<0.0001) and although a stronger moderator of problem onset among females (p=0.0165), it was more predictive of the progression to problems among males (p=0.0054). OUD and SMK PRS in EUR also predicted earlier onset of the respective milestones (p’s=0.0002). Among AFR, where power is lower, AUD PRS predicted age of regular alcohol use (p=0.039) and dependence (p=0.001) and progression from regular use to diagnosis (p=0.045), while SMK PRS predicted earlier age of initiation (p=0.036).ConclusionsGenetic risk for SUDs predicts milestones and symptom progression in EUR and, to a lesser extent, among AFR. Larger, diverse discovery GWAS and target samples are needed to enhance the power of PRS to personalize interventions for individuals at genetic risk of serious substance-related outcomes.DisclosureDr. Kranzler is a member of advisory boards for Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Sophrosyne Pharmaceuticals, and Enthion Pharmaceuticals; a consultant to Sobrera Pharmaceuticals; the recipient of research funding and medication supplies for an investigator-initiated study from Alkermes; and a member of the American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology’s Alcohol Clinical Trials Initiative, which was supported in the last three years by Alkermes, Dicerna, Ethypharm, Lundbeck, Mitsubishi, and Otsuka. Drs. Gelernter and Kranzler hold U.S. Patent 10,900,082: Genotype-guided Dosing of Opioid Receptor Agonists, 26 Jan. 2021. The other authors have no disclosures to make.
Parental pericentromeric methylation status drives methylome remodelling and heterosis in epigenetic hybrids
Authors: Kakoulidou I , Piecyk RS , Meyer RC , Kuhlmann M , Gutjahr C , Altmann T , Johannes F 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeterosis is the superior phenotypic performance of F1 hybrids relative to their parents. Although this phenomenon is extensively exploited commercially, its molecular causes remain elusive. A central challenge is to understand how specific features of parental (epi)genomes contribute to the widespread functional remodelling that occurs in hybrids. Using Arabidopsis, we show that differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in parental pericentromeres act as major re-organizers of hybrid methylomes and transcriptomes, even in the absence of genetic variation. We demonstrate that these parental DMRs facilitate methylation changes in the hybrids not only in cis, but also in trans at thousands of target regions throughout the genome. Many of these trans-induced changes facilitate the expression of nearby genes, and are significantly associated with phenotypic heterosis. Our study establishes the epigenetic status of parental pericentromeres as an important predictor of heterosis and elucidates its pleiotropic potential in the functional remodelling of hybrid genomes.
Early season soil microbiome best predicts wheat grain quality
Authors: Asad Numan Ibne , Wang Xiao-Bo , Dozois Jessica , Azarbad Hamed , Constant Philippe , Yergeau Etienne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that it is possible to accurately predict wheat grain quality and yields using microbial indicators. However, it is uncertain what the best timing for sampling is. For optimal usefulness of this modeling approach, microbial indicators from samples taken early in the season should have the best predictive power. Here, we sampled a field every two weeks across a single growing season and measured a wide array of microbial parameters (amplicon sequencing, abundance of N-cycle related functional genes, and microbial carbon usage) to find the moment when the microbial predictive power for wheat grain baking quality is highest. We found that the highest predictive power for wheat grain quality was for microbial data derived from samples taken early in the season (May–June) which coincides roughly with the seedling and tillering growth stages, that are important for wheat N nutrition. Our models based on LASSO regression also highlighted a set of microbial parameters highly coherent with our previous surveys, including alpha- and beta-diversity indices and N-cycle genes. Taken together, our results suggest that measuring microbial parameters early in the wheat growing season could help farmers better predict wheat grain quality.
AssemblyTron: Flexible automation of DNA assembly with Opentrons OT-2 lab robots
Authors: Bryant John A. , Kellinger Mason , Longmire Cameron , Miller Ryan , Wright R. Clay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs one of the newest fields of engineering, synthetic biology relies upon a trial-and-error Design-Build-Test-Learn approach to simultaneously learn how function is encoded in biology and attempt to engineer it. Many software and hardware platforms have been developed to automate, optimize, and algorithmically perform each step of the Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle. However, there are many fewer options for automating the Build step. Build typically involves DNA assembly, which remains manual, low throughput, and unreliable in most cases, limiting our ability to advance the science and engineering of biology. Here, we present AssemblyTron: an open-source python package to integrate j5 DNA assembly design software outputs with build implementation in Opentrons liquid handling robotics with minimal human intervention. We demonstrate the versatility of AssemblyTron through several scarless, multipart DNA assemblies beginning from fragment amplification. We show that AssemblyTron can perform PCRs across a range of fragment lengths and annealing temperatures by using an optimal annealing temperature gradient calculation algorithm. We then demonstrate that AssemblyTron can perform Golden Gate and homology-dependent in vivo assemblies with comparable fidelity to manual assemblies by simultaneously building four four-fragment assemblies of chromoprotein reporter expression plasmids. Finally, we used AssemblyTron to perform site-directed mutagenesis reactions via homology-dependent in vivo assembly also achieving comparable fidelity to manual assemblies as assessed by sequencing. AssemblyTron can reduce the time, training, costs, and wastes associated with synthetic biology, which along with open-source and affordable automation, will further foster the accessibility of synthetic biology and accelerate biological research and engineering.
A DATA-DRIVEN EXAMINATION OF APATHY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN DEMENTIA WITH INDEPENDENT REPLICATION
Authors: Da Silva Miguel Vasconcelos , Melendez-Torres G.J. , Ismail Zahinoor , Testad Ingelin , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionApathy is one of the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Research that helps define the apathy phenotype is urgently needed, particularly for clinical and biomarker studies.MethodsWe used latent class analysis (LCA) with two independent cohorts to understand how apathy and depression symptoms co-occur statistically. We further explored the relationship between latent class membership, demographics and the presence of other NPS.ResultsThe LCA identified a 4-class solution (No Symptoms, Apathy, Depression, and Combined Apathy/Depression), reproducible over both cohorts, providing robust support for an apathy syndrome distinct from depression and confirming that an apathy/depression syndrome exists.DiscussionUsing a data-driven method, we show distinct and statistically meaningful co-occurrence of apathy and depressive symptoms. There was evidence that these classes have different clinical associations which may help inform diagnostic categories for research studies and clinical practice.
Modeling for external stakeholder risk assessment of project portfolios
Authors: Bai Libiao , Kang Shuyun , Zhang Kaimin , Zhang Bingbing , Pan Tong 
Published: September 2022

PurposeExternal stakeholder risks (ESRs) caused by unfavorable behaviors hinder the success of project portfolios (PPs). However, due to complex project dependency and numerous risk causality in PPs, assessing ESRs is difficult. This research aims to solve this problem by developing an ESR-PP two-layer fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) model.Design/methodology/approachA two-layer FBN model for evaluating ESRs with risk causality and project dependency is proposed. The directed acyclic graph (DAG) of an ESR-PP network is first constructed, and the conditional probability tables (CPTs) of the two-layer network are further presented. Next, based on the fuzzy Bayesian network, key variables and the impact of ESRs are assessed and analyzed by using GeNIe2.3. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate and verify the application of the proposed model.FindingsThe proposed model is a useable and effective approach for ESR assessment while considering risk causality and project dependency in PPs. The impact of ESRs on PP can be calculated to determine whether to control risk, and the most critical and heavily contributing risks and project(s) in the developed model are identified based on this.Originality/valueThis study extends prior research on PP risk in terms of stakeholders. ESRs that have received limited attention in the past are explored from an interaction perspective in the PP domain. A new two-layer FBN model considering risk causality and project dependency is proposed, which can synthesize different dependencies between projects.
Effects of commitment-based governance on the relationship between formal control and PPP projects performance: mediating and moderating
Authors: Li Chunhao , Zhao Yuping , Chen Wei Feng 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the dual effects of commitment-based governance on the relationship between formal control and public–private partnership (PPP) project performance. Formal control and relationship governance are two primary forms of inter-organizational governance that affect project performance. However, little is known about the interplay between formal control and commitment and its effect on PPP projects. More specifically, previous studies have failed to distinguish the function routes of relationship governance resulting from different types of formal control (process and outcome control).Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a questionnaire survey to empirically investigate the mechanism that commitment-based governance influences the relationship between formal control and PPP performance. After collecting data from public and private sector professionals involved in 101 Chinese PPP projects, the theoretical framework proposed in this paper is verified by the empirical results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis.FindingsThe results show that process control has an inverted U-shaped effect and outcome control has a significant positive influence on PPP project performance. Furthermore, commitment moderates the effect of formal control on PPP project performance by increasing the relevance of outcome control and mediates the inverted U-shaped relationship between process control and PPP project performance.Practical implicationsManagers should recognize that process control is a double-edged sword and prevent the overuse of process control. Managers should direct their attention toward efforts to improve the commitment, which allows for the effectiveness of outcome control strategies. Additionally, this study new measurement method for relationship governance suggests that managers should be aware of the difference in parties' perceptions of the relationship.Originality/valueThis study allows for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship governance-control nexus from a commitment perspective. The authors bring into light the dual role of commitment-based governance in the relationship between the two types of formal control and PPP project performance. Moreover, the new approach to measure relationship governance offers valuable insight into the measurement of variables about individual's perception.