bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in vision and hearing impairments across age and European regions
Authors: Hansen Rikke Syrak , Scheel-Hincke Lasse Lybecker , Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims
Although sensory impairments are common conditions among the elderly, research often fails to consider the role of sex. We examine sex differences in vision impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI) across age and European regions.
Methods
A cross-sectional study based on a pooled sample of 120,537 Europeans aged 50 + participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations.
Results
Generally, women reported more VI than men. This was the case for both close vision (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03; 1.11) and distant vision (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.41; 1.57). Contrarily, women reported less HI than men (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.68; 0.74). However, sex differences varied by age and regions. Sex differences in VI increased with advancing age, whereas the sex gap in HI decreased. For close vision, a female disadvantage was found from age 65 in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe and from age 80 + in Northern Europe. For distant vision, the female disadvantage was more pronounced and persisted in almost all age groups in the four regions. The female advantage in HI was found in all regions except for ages 80 + in Northern and Southern Europe. For dual sensory impairment (i.e., impaired vision and hearing), no overall sex difference was found, but a female advantage was demonstrated at ages 50–64 in all regions except Southern Europe.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate an overall consistent pattern across Europe with a female disadvantage in vision but an advantage in hearing.
Genomic characteristics of listeria that caused invasive listeriosis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Voronina Olga L. , Kunda Marina S. , Ryzhova Natalia N. , Aksenova Ekaterina I. , Kutuzova Anzhelika V. , Tikulmina Anna N. , Karpova Tatiana I. , Melkumyan Alina R. , Klimova Elena A. , Gruzdeva Olga A. , Tartakovsky Igor S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInvasive listeriosis is relatively rare, but is one of the deadliest food-borne infections, affecting pregnant women, their fetuses and newborn infants, the elderly and immunocompromised people. The aim of this study was to research the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive listeriosis in the metropolis. Loci and whole-genome sequencing with subsequent bioinformatic analysis were used for the study of clinical and foodListeria monocytogenesisolates revealed in 2018–2022. The results indicate the crucial change in the spectrum of theL. monocytogenessequence types (ST) causing invasive listeriosis during the COVID-19 pandemic, with slight changes in the ST spectrum of the food isolates. An increase in sensitivity to previously non-humanL. monocytogenesgenotypes, namely ST8, 20, 21, 37, 391, and 425, was observed.L. monocytogenesof ST20 and 425 carried plasmids with virulence factors (VF), in addition to the 42 VF identified in the genomes with thevipgene exclusion in the genomes of ST7, 8, 21, and 37. Perinatal listeriosis cases were associated with the new hypervirulentL. monocytogenesof ST1, 4, and 219 compiled with old ST6. These data indicate the need for the more stringent control of food products for high-risk groups.
Frequencies of Clinically Significance Tooth Size Discrepancies Among Different Ethnicity in Malaysia
Authors: Rahman Aida Nur Ashikin Abd , Othman Siti Adibah , Marya Anand 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The Bolton analysis is one of the commonly used tooth size analysis or diagnostic tools in deriving a treatment plan for orthodontic patient. Many studies have indicated and concluded that normal measurements for one group should not be considered normal for other ethnic groups. The aims and objectives of this study were to investigate the applicability of Bolton’s ratios in orthodontic population of Malaysian main ethnics; Malay, Chinese and Indians. Comparisons were made in term of size and distribution of tooth size discrepancy in Malaysian orthodontic population and the findings were converted in terms of millimetres.
Methods: Hundred fifty pre-orthodontic study casts comprised of 52 Malay, 54 Chinese and 44 Indian patients were selected. Digital callipers (Fowler Pro-Max) link to Hamilton Tooth Arch Software were used to measure the tooth width and ratios. Statistical analysis was carried out to test for gender differences (independent t-test), to identify the effects of malocclusion and ethnic groups (Two-way ANOVA) and to compare the means of current study with Bolton’s standards (one sample t-test).
Results: This study showed that there was no significant difference between genders of sample of each ethnic. There was no correlation found between ethnic groups and malocclusion classes. There was a significant difference when comparing Bolton values with Malay sample for both ratios. It was found that more Malay subjects presented with maxillary excess contrary to Chinese and Indian which presented more maxillary deficiency for the anterior and overall ratio.
Conclusion: there were 20.7% of Malaysian sample fall beyond suggested 2SD of clinically significant for anterior ratio and 4.7% which fall in this definition for overall ratio. The Bolton standards can be applied to Malaysian Chinese and Indians but not to Malays ethnic group. Subsequently, a specific standard should be used for the Malays orthodontic population.
Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral Gabapentin for prevention of neuropathy in patients receiving paclitaxel
Authors: Pandey Praful , Kumar Akash , Pushpam Deepam , Khurana Sachin , Gogia Ajay , Malik Prabhat Singh , Singh Mamta Bhushan , Chandran Dinu Santha , Arunmozhimaran Elavarshi , Batra Atul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background

Distal symmetrical neuropathy is a common dose – limiting adverse effect of paclitaxel. A multitude of preventive strategies have been tried with futility in phase 3 settings. A recent phase 2 study has shown potential role of oral gabapentin in prevention of paclitaxel induced neuropathy. In this study, we aim to compare oral gabapentin with placebo in the prevention of paclitaxel induced neuropathy.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of oral gabapentin in preventingsensory neuropathy (NCI CTCAEv5.0 grade 2 or higher) in patients receiving paclitaxel.

Methods

This is a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind, parallel group superiority trial. A total of 136 patients receivingpaclitaxel therapy will be randomly allocated (stratified by weekly vs. non-weekly administration) to receive either oral gabapentin or placebo for the duration of paclitaxel therapy, till completion of therapy or occurrence of the primary outcome. The patients will be followed up until three months after end of therapy. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients who develop grade 2 or higher chemotherapy induced sensory neuropathy. Secondary outcomes include any grade neuropathy, percentage change in sensorynerve conduction velocities in median, ulnar, and sural nerves, time to develop neuropathy, paclitaxel dose reductions and delays due to sensory neuropathy, patient-reported outcomes, adverse events, and adherence to oral therapy.

Conclusion

This study aims to find if oral gabapentin reduces incidence of grade 2 or higher chemotherapy induced sensory neuropathy in patients receiving paclitaxel.

Trial registration

The trial is registered prospectively with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2022/02/040030) on April 4, 2022.
The CG Equation: A Probabilistic Approach to Predict Doctoral Success Likelihood
Authors: Chakraborty Sourojeet , Galatro Daniela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Doctoral attrition (DA) is a phenomenon of graduate students choosing to discontinue graduate studies and is universally encountered across all academic disciplines. Key parameters, that are typically perceived as valuable by Ph.D. students, are identified from a systematic literature review; and the CG probabilistic equation is formulated to predict the likelihood of a successful Ph.D. experience, called the Doctoral Success Likelihood (DSL), thus minimizing; possibly eliminating DA. Our model provides prospective/novice graduates with a novel framework to self-assess and predict the success likelihood of their Ph.D. journey. Such a framework enables the graduate student to judiciously self-assess and make a rationally informed decision about their career, rather than taking a blind leap of faith. Our equation also accommodates force-majeure circumstances (such as a pandemic, the bereavement of a loved one, mental health issues, etc.), which may significantly impact the time taken to graduate (TTD); leading to a candidate choosing to drop out. Such circumstances typically derail/delay doctoral progress, and can push an initially feasible set of probabilities, into an undesired “infeasibility triangle”. Higher the net probability values obtained from our equation, stronger the likelihood of an enriching Ph.D. experience. When periodically tracked, our proposed equation can also help students identify and calibrate their own doctoral experience, while capturing tangible feedback and perspectives for both students, and supervisors. One author presents his own doctoral journey, applying the CG equation to evaluate DSL values for his Ph.D., over a three-year period.
Gender and labor supply in Cameroon: an analysis in terms of job quality
Authors: Meka'a Cosmas Bernard , Fotso Silvain Raoul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this article is to analyze according to gender the quality of employment in the labor market in Cameroon. For this, we use data from the fourth Cameroon Household Survey (ECAM4). To estimate the determinants of job quality between men and women, we use the estimation of a multinomial logit model.
The results establish that the probability for women to hold a better job is lower compared to men. The only possibilities for women to benefit from good quality jobs are when they have managerial status and when they work in large companies. Inequalities in access to better quality jobs against them are more related to differences in unobservable characteristics than to differences in individual characteristics.
JEL Rating: J16, J23, C25, C35
Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drugs on the Antioxidant Capacity of Human Erythroleukemia Cells With MDR Phenotype
Authors: Marques Maiara Bernardes , Andrade Filipe Reis Teodoro , Silva Estela Fernandes e , Oliveira Bruno Rodrigues , Almeida Daniela Volcan , Votto Ana Paula De Souza , Marins Luis Fernando 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, we identified that different chemotherapeutic drugs may select cells with different antioxidant capacities. For this, we evaluated the sensitivity of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) erythroleukemia cell lines: Lucena (resistant to vincristine, VCR) and FEPS (resistant to daunorubicin, DNR) derived from the same sensitive cell K562 (non-MDR) to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, we evaluated how the cell lines respond to the oxidizing agent in the absence of VCR/DNR. In absence of VCR, Lucena drastically decreases cell viability when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, while FEPS is not affected even without DNR. To analyze whether selection by different chemotherapeutic agents may generate altered energetic demands, we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the relative expression of the glucose transporter 1 gene (glut-1). We observed that the selection through DNR apparently generates a higher energy demand than VCR. High levels of transcription factors genes expression (nrf2, hif-1α, and oct4) were kept even when the DNR is withdrawn from the FEPS culture for one month. Together, these results indicate that DNR selects cells with greater ability to express the major transcription factors related to the antioxidant defense system and the main extrusion pump (ABCB1) related to the MDR phenotype. Taking into account that the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells is closely related to resistance to multiple drugs, it is evident that endogenous antioxidant molecules may be targets for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Effects of different backing plates and tool design on the flash defect developed during friction stir welding of AA6061 aluminium alloy
Authors: Kulkarni Bhardwaj , Pankade Sandeep 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growing need for lightweight and higher strength materials, like aluminium alloys, in aircraft, ship construction, and railways has influenced manufacturers to adopt friction stir welding (FSW) due to the excellent mechanical properties of FSW joints as compared to other conventional welding processes. Friction stir welding (FSW) is defined by diverse interactions of thermal, mechanical, and tool geometry effects. The backing plate material is crucial for effective temperature control during the FSW process. Inappropriate FSW process parameters can result in flash defects. Due to extreme heat input, flash may be generated in FSW welds. This investigation aims to determine appropriate process parameters (backing plate thermal diffusivity, welding speed, and tool rotational speed) along with proper tool design to achieve flash defect-free joints. Visual observations indicate that the aluminium backing plate results in flash defect-free joints as compared to other backing plates.
A novel picorna-like virus identified in the cotton boll weevil Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Silva Leonardo Assis Assis da , Basso Marcos Fernando , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cotton boll weevil (CBW; Anthonomus grandis; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is considered the major cotton insect-pest causing considerable losses in yield and fiber quality. The increase in boll weevil population due to the increasingly inefficient chemical control measures are of great concern among cotton producers. The absence of conventional or transgenic cultivars with minimal resistance to CBW has stimulated the search for new molecular and biological tools for efficient control of this insect-pest. Herein, were used a metagenomic approach based on RNA deep sequencing to investigate the presence of viruses and coding viral RNA in native apparently healthy adult CBW insects collected in cotton crops at Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 paired-end platform, 138,798 virus-related reads were obtained and a consensus sequence of a putative new virus with 10,632 nucleotides in length. The 5’- and 3’-untranslated sequences (UTR) were obtained by Rapid Amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), followed by Nanopore sequencing. The complete sequence showed a 5’-UTR sequence (1,158 nucleotides), a 3’-UTR (561 nucleotides), and a single ORF of 8,913 nucleotides encoding a large polyprotein was identified. Sequence analysis of the putative polyprotein showed several regions with high sequence homology to structural and non-structural proteins of viruses from the Iflaviridae family. Pairwise alignments from the polyprotein amino acid sequence showed higher identity (32.13%) with a partial polyprotein sequence of a putative iflavirus (QKN89051.1) found in samples of wild zoo birds in China. Phylogenetic analyses with full polyprotein sequences from different iflaviruses indicate that this new picorna-like virus is more closely related to iflaviruses found in lepidopteran insects. Thus, this new picorna-like virus was tentatively named Anthonomus grandis Iflavirus 1 (AgIV-1). This is to our knowledge the first complete virus sequence found in CBW that could be a beginning for further studies about its infectivity, transmission, and possible symptoms or acute disease. The AgIV-1 might be used to develop biological or molecular tools such as a viral vector to carry RNA interfering molecules for CBW control.
Evolution of patients with chronic diseases who did not contract COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic; new comorbidities, mortality, drug use and use of health and social services: retrospective study and comparison by sex
Authors: Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara , Lear-Claveras Ana , Méndez-López Fátima , Samper-Pardo Mario , León-Herrera Sandra , Magallón-Botaya Rosa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The restrictions introduced to stop the spread of the COVID-19 virus have also had a direct impact on people with chronic diseases and especially on diseases to which lifestyles are relevant in their control and management, such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc. The lockdown measures implemented hindered patients’ ability to lead a healthy lifestyle (balanced diet, physical activity, etc.), which plays a crucial role in the proper management and control of chronic diseases.
Method: An observational real world data pre-post study of 668,974 people was undertaken. The patients studied were over 16 years of age, had been receiving care from the Aragon Health Service (Northeastern Spain), been diagnosed with one or more chronic diseases and had not contracted COVID-19. Sociodemographic, comorbidity, pharmacological and health resource use variables were collected during the six months prior to the onset of the lockdown and during the six and 12 months following the end of the lockdown. The comparisons by sex were carried out using a Student T-test or chi squared test to analyse differences.
Results: Dyslipidaemia (42.1%) followed by hypertension (35.1%) and anxiety and depression (34.6%) were the most prevalent chronic diseases among the study popualtion. 79.2% patients had between zero and four illness comorbidities. There was a decrease in new diagnoses of other chronic comorbidities in this population as well as a decrease in drugs prescribed and the use of health services. Although women received a higher number of diagnoses of chronic diseases, the number of drugs dispensed was lower, but the use of health services was higher. These figures were maintained throughout the pandemic.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that there was a decrease in new diagnoses of comorbidities and in the mortality rate from causes unrelated to COVID-19 due to the closure of health centres during the pandemic. This trend was exacerbated in women.
Effective Location of Shear Walls in High-Rise RCC Buildings Subjected to Lateral Loads
Authors: Shukla Kashyap , .K Nallasivam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lateral loads such as earthquake and wind loads play a governing role in the design of high-rise buildings. Consequently, providing adequate lateral rigidity against such loads in high-rise buildings is a major concern for structural engineers. A shear wall is one of the vertical elements which are used in buildings to fulfil lateral rigidity requirements. But its location and arrangement should be proper to effectively resist lateral loads, so this study aims to find out the response of high-rise buildings with shear walls subjected to lateral loads.In the present study, various high-rise rectangular building models with and without shear walls have been analysed for seismic and wind loads in finite element based ETABS software. Seismic loads have been calculated according to the equivalent static method given in IS Code 1893 (Part-1): 2016 and wind loads have been calculated according to IS Code 875 (Part-3): 2015. Results of storey displacements and storey drifts have been extracted, considering four load combinations according to the Indian Standard Code.It has been found that shear walls situated at the centre in the form of a core perform effectively against lateral loads. Displacement at the top of such a building is approximately 2.5 times less than the top story displacement of a building without a shear wall. Shear walls located at corners are the least effective.The study focused only on symmetrical building shapes, and lateral loads were calculated using the equivalent static method.The high-rise building includes both framed systems and shear walls. The shear walls are distributed in such a way that the floor plan length of walls is the same in all the buildings, so results are affected by the arrangement and location of walls only.
MRI data-driven clustering reveals different subtypes of Dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Ferreira Daniel , Inguanzo Anna , Poulakis Konstantinos , Mohanty Rosaleena , Schwarz Christopher , Przybelski Scott , Diaz-Galvan Patricia , Lowe Val , Boeve Bradley , Lemstra Afina , de Beek M. van , Flier Wiesje van der , Barkhof Frederik , Blanc Frederic , de Sousa Paulo Loureiro , Philippi Nathalie , Cretin Benjamin , Demuynck Catherine , Nedelska Zuzana , Hort Jakub , Segura Bàrbara , Junque Carme , Oppedal Ketil , Aarsland Dag , Westman Eric , Kantarci Kejal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a wide heterogeneity of symptoms, which suggests the existence of different subtypes.
Objectives. We used data-driven analysis of MRI data to investigate DLB subtypes.
Methods. We included 165 probable DLB from the Mayo Clinic and 3 centers from the European DLB consortium and performed a hierarchical cluster analysis to identify subtypes based on gray matter (GM) volumes. To characterize the subtypes, we used demographic and clinical data, as well as β-amyloid and cerebrovascular biomarkers at baseline, and cognitive decline over three years.
Results. We identified 3 subtypes: an older subtype with reduced cortical GM volumes, worse cognition, and faster cognitive decline (n=49, 30%); a subtype with low GM volumes in fronto-occipital regions (n=76, 46%); and a subtype of younger patients with the highest cortical GM volumes, proportionally lower GM volumes in basal ganglia and the highest frequency of cognitive fluctuations (n=40, 24%).
Conclusions. This study shows the existence of MRI subtypes in DLB, which may have implications for clinical workout, research, and therapeutic decisions.