bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earlier menopause is associated with higher risk of incident frailty in community‐dwelling older women in England
Authors: Kojima Gotaro , Taniguchi Yu , Aoyama Reijiro , Urano Tomohiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it is well known that women have higher risk of frailty, mechanisms are not clear. Reproductive history may be related to the sex difference in frailty.MethodsA total of 1249 community‐dwelling women aged ≥60 in England were examined for associations between age at menopause and risk of developing frailty. Frailty defined by the frailty phenotype was measured at baseline and 4 years later. Age at menopause was used as a continuous variable and categorical groups: premature/early (10–45 years), normal (46–55 years), and late (56 years or older). Men with comparable conditions from the same cohort were also used as a comparison.ResultsEarlier age at menopause was significantly associated with higher risk of incident frailty. One year later menopause age was associated with a 3% decrease in incident frailty risk (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.95–1.00, p = 0.02). Women with premature or early menopause had a significantly higher risk of developing frailty compared with those with normal menopause (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.28–2.81, p = 0.001), while those with late menopause did not. In a supplementary analysis with older men, older women with premature or early menopause were more likely to develop frailty compared with older men (OR = 2.29, 95%CI = 151–3.48, p < 0.001), however, there was no significant difference between women with normal or late menopause.ConclusionsEarlier menopause was significantly associated with higher risk of developing frailty. Our findings suggest that menopause or its related factors, such as decline in estrogen after menopause, potentially play an important role in the sex difference in frailty.
Standards for aseptic techniques in medical aesthetic practices in the Benelux: Consensus recommendations
Authors: Baharlou Samira , De Boulle Koenraad , van Heijningen Ivar , Cervini Isabella , Termohlen Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile the demand for aesthetic procedures is rising, complications are rising alongside. Infection is a frequent complication, there is therefore an increased need for strict aseptic technique, particularly in procedures breaching the skin. The level of training of practitioners carrying out these procedures varies and there are no comprehensive guidelines on aseptic aesthetic practice in the Benelux region.ObjectiveDeveloping a step‐by‐step procedure for achieving and maintaining a high standard of aseptic conditions in a standard aesthetic practice in the Benelux region.MethodsA consensus group of 10 aesthetic medical practitioners (dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and cosmetic physicians) representing the Benelux region convened to discuss best practice for aseptic techniques in medical aesthetics. Step‐by‐step procedures were recommended to achieve optimal aseptic practice in private facilities and define important considerations for reducing infection risk. Recommendations were based on current evidence and extensive clinical experience.ResultsRecommendations were made to achieve and maintain a high standard of asepsis and infection control. Guidance included maintaining high standard aseptic conditions of the injecting room, the injecting area on the patient, the injection procedure, the materials, and procedures commonly used to achieve aseptic conditions.ConclusionsThis expert consensus summary publication recommends aseptic procedures, setting a standard with the goal of minimizing rates of complications in aesthetic clinical practice in the Benelux region.
Sensitivity and specificity of proposed Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire cut‐off scores for good quality sleep during an ICU stay
Authors: Elliott Rosalind , Axelin Anna , Richards Kathy C. , Vahlberg Tero , Ritmala‐Castren Marita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe 5‐visual analogue scale Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire subjective sleep measure is widely used in intensive care. A cut‐off score indicative of good quality sleep has not been established and is required to guide the categorisation of individual patient and unit wide sleep quality.Design and MethodsThe aim was to determine the global Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire cut‐off score for good to very good sleep during an intensive care unit stay in non‐ventilated patients. The study was a secondary (cohort) retrospective analysis of patient self‐report data (n = 32) from an interventional study testing a sleep promotion bundle. The Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy studies statement were used to report the study. The study was conducted in two mixed adult 12 and 20‐bed ICUs of a tertiary referral hospital in a metropolitan area. In the morning, eligible patients were administered the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire together with a 5‐category item Likert scale in which patients rated their nocturnal sleep quality as ‘very poor’, ‘poor’, ‘fair’, ‘good’ and ‘very good’. Receiver Operator Curve analysis was performed.ResultsThirty‐seven per cent (n = 32) of the total sample of 84 adult intensive care patients were females. The median age was 61.5 (51, 72) years. Self‐reported median global Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaire score was 54.4 (30.1, 77.1) mm. A global score of ≥63.4 mm was the optimal cut‐off for self‐reported ‘good sleep’ (sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 81% and area under the curve: 0.896).ConclusionsAlthough the study requires replication in ventilated patients and other ICU settings, the cut‐off score (63 mm) could be used to guide the categorisation of individual patient and unit wide sleep quality.
Fetal cardiac dysfunction in pregnancies affected by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A cohort study
Authors: Rodriguez Marcelo , Bombin Maritchu , Ahumada Herman , Bachmann Maritza , Egaña‐Ugrinovic Gabriela , Sepúlveda‐Martínez Alvaro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo analyze the presence of fetal myocardial dysfunction in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) at diagnosis.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 49 pregnant participants with ICP at diagnosis and 49 nonaffected controls from a single public hospital. ICP was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms after excluding other causes of pruritus and presence of autoimmune diseases. Total bile acids were not obtained in this cohort. ICP pregnancies were assessed with a functional echocardiography at diagnosis including PR‐interval, isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), ejection time (ET), and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) for electrical, systolic, and diastolic function, respectively. Controls were assessed at recruitment. Perinatal outcomes were obtained from delivery books. The main outcome was the presence of PR‐interval prolongation or first‐degree fetal heart block, and echographic signs of diastolic and systolic dysfunction.ResultsCompared to controls, ICP were above upper limit in conjugated bilirubin (2.0% vs. 20.4%; p = 0.008), aspartate aminotransferase (2.0% vs. 24.5%; p = 0.002), and alanine aminotransferase (4.1% vs. 28.6%; p = 0.002). ICP was associated with a higher PR‐interval (130 ± 12 ms vs. 121 ± 6 ms; p < 0.0001) with five first‐degree fetal heart blocks. IRT was significantly higher in ICP (42 ± 6 ms vs. 37 ± 5 ms; p = 0.0001), with no differences in ICT and ET. PR‐interval trend was only positively correlated with IRT in ICP pregnancies (p = 0.04 and p = 0.34, in ICP and controls, respectively).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that fetuses affected by maternal ICP are associated with electrical and diastolic myocardial dysfunction. More studies focused on antenatal and postnatal functional echocardiography are necessary to validate our results and consider these markers in the clinical management of ICP pregnancies.
Efficacy of hepatitis C virus eradication after curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and decreased hepatic functional reserve: A nationwide, multicentre study by the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group
Authors: Mashiba Toshie , Joko Kouji , Kurosaki Masayuki , Ochi Hironori , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Uchida Yasushi , Fujii Hideki , Kojima Yuji , Yoshida Hideo , Goto Tohru , Akahane Takehiro , Kondo Masahiko , Tsuji Keiji , Mitsuda Akeri , Hasebe Chitomi , Kusakabe Atsunori , Sohda Tetsuro , Furuta Koichiro , Kobashi Haruhiko , Ogawa Chikara , Ide Yasushi , Arai Hirotaka , Okada Kazuhiko , Shigeno Masaya , Nonogi Riko , Izumi Namiki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImprovements in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence rate and survival have been frequently reported following virus eradication after hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related HCC cure. However, the efficacy of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in patients who included those with advanced HCC and decreased hepatic functional reserve is unknown. A comparative examination was retrospectively conducted of 141 patients with hepatitis C who started DAA therapy within 1 year after undergoing curative HCC treatment and showed a sustained viral response (SVR) and 327 patients who underwent curative treatment for HCV‐related HCC and did not subsequently receive antiviral therapy. Whether DAA therapy was given was identified as an independent factor related to both HCC recurrence and survival. Both the recurrence and survival rates improved significantly with DAA therapy in Child‐Pugh (CP)‐A, whereas no difference in the recurrence rate was seen with DAA therapy in CP‐B. However, the survival rate was significantly higher in the DAA group in this class. Similarly, dividing the patients by the Milan criteria showed significant improvements in the recurrence rate and survival with DAA therapy in patients within the Milan criteria. Patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria showed no difference in recurrence rates, but the DAA group tended to have higher survival rates. Thus, DAA after curative therapy for HCC can be expected to improve survival in patients with advanced HCC or decreased hepatic functional reserve. HCV should be aggressively eradicated in all patients eligible for curative treatment of HCC.
Whole genome resequencing reveals signatures of rapid selection in a virus‐affected commercial fishery
Authors: Holland Owen J. , Toomey Madeline , Ahrens Collin , Hoffmann Ary A. , Croft Laurence J. , Sherman Craig D. H. , Miller Adam D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfectious diseases are recognized as one of the greatest global threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Consequently, there is a growing urgency to understand the speed at which adaptive phenotypes can evolve and spread in natural populations to inform future management. Here we provide evidence of rapid genomic changes in wild Australian blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) following a major population crash associated with an infectious disease. Genome scans on H. rubra were performed using pooled whole genome resequencing data from commercial fishing stocks varying in historical exposure to haliotid herpesvirus‐1 (HaHV‐1). Approximately 25,000 single nucleotide polymorphism loci associated with virus exposure were identified, many of which mapped to genes known to contribute to HaHV‐1 immunity in the New Zealand pāua (Haliotis iris) and herpesvirus response pathways in haliotids and other animal systems. These findings indicate genetic changes across a single generation in H. rubra fishing stocks decimated by HaHV‐1, with stock recovery potentially determined by rapid evolutionary changes leading to virus resistance. This is a novel example of apparently rapid adaptation in natural populations of a nonmodel marine organism, highlighting the pace at which selection can potentially act to counter disease in wildlife communities.
Emergence of Candida auris in intensive care units in Algeria
Authors: Zerrouki Hanane , Ibrahim Ahmad , Rebiahi Sid‐Ahmed , Elhabiri Yamina , Benhaddouche Djamel‐Eddine , de Groot Theun , Meis Jacques F. , Rolain Jean‐Marc , Bittar Fadi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, Candida auris is among the most serious emerging pathogens that can be associated with nosocomial infections and outbreaks in intensive care units. Clinicians must be able to identify and manage it quickly.ObjectiveHere, we report for the first time in Algeria seven cases of C. auris infection or colonisation.Methods and ResultsThe strains were isolated from clinical sites including bronchial aspirates (n = 4), wound swabs (n = 1), urine sample (n = 1) and peritoneal fluid (n = 1), in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Candida auris was identified both by MALDI‐TOF and by sequencing the ITS region and the D1/D2 domain. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the E‐test method. Non‐wildtype susceptibility was observed for five strains against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin. Genotyping showed the presence of four clades (I–IV) in one hospital.ConclusionsAppropriate antifungal treatments with rapid and accurate microbial identification are the cornerstone for the management and control of C. auris infections.
Global prevalence and subgroup analyses of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) associated Candida auris infections (CACa): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vaseghi Narges , Sharifisooraki Joobin , Khodadadi Hossein , Nami Sanam , Safari Fatemeh , Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Meis Jacques F. , Badali Hamid , Morovati Hamid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased hospitalisation rates in the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) era lead to a new wave of hospital‐acquired infections such as emerging multidrug‐resistant Candida auris. We aimed to evaluate and estimate the global prevalence of coronavirus‐associated C. auris infection (CACa).MethodsWe searched related databases between December 2019 and April 2022 for studies that reported data about CACa. Meta‐analysis was performed using MedCalc software version 20.104 according to the DerSimonian and Laird method applying the random‐effects model. We evaluated heterogeneity using the χ2‐based Q statistic (significant for p‐value < .1) and the I2 statistic (>75% indicative of ‘notable’ heterogeneity). Moreover, if possible, an odds ratio (OR) analysis was performed for eligible data.ResultsOur meta‐analysis includes ten eligible studies, including 1942 patients hospitalised with COVID‐19; 129 were C. auris cases. The overall pooled prevalence of CACa was estimated at 5.7%. The mortality rate of CACa was estimated at 67.849%. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity (59.374%), followed by diabetes mellitus (52.898%) and cardiovascular diseases (31.392%). Men with a prevalence rate of 80.012% were 3.27 (OR) times more prone to getting infected by C. auris.ConclusionWe concluded that the prevalence of C. auris infections decreased during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the prevalence gradient changed from Asia to America. Unfortunately, there are many descriptive studies with duplicate content in the field of epidemiology of C. auris infections which are increasing every day. We suggest further non‐descriptive studies to accurately establish the cause‐and‐effect relationships between C. auris and COVID‐19 infections.
Invasional meltdown mediated by plant–soil feedbacks may depend on community diversity
Authors: Chen Duo , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: May 2022

Summary

It has been suggested that establishment of one alien invader might promote further invasions. Such a so‐called invasional meltdown could be mediated by differences in soil‐legacy effects between alien and native plants. Whether such legacy effects might depend on the diversity of the invaded community has not been explored to date.

Here, we conducted a two‐phase plant–soil feedback experiment. In a soil‐conditioning phase, we grew five alien and five native species as invaders in 21 communities of one, two or four species. In the subsequent test phase, we grew five alien and five native species on the conditioned soils.

We found that growth of these test species was negatively affected by soils conditioned by both a community and an invader, and particularly if the previous invader was a conspecific (i.e. negative plant–soil feedback). Alien test species suffered less from soil‐legacy effects of previous allospecific alien invaders than from the legacy effects of previous native invaders. However, this effect decreased when the soil had been co‐conditioned by a multispecies community.

Our findings suggest that plant–soil feedback‐mediated invasional meltdown may depend on community diversity and therefore provide some evidence that diverse communities could increase resistance against subsequent alien invasions.
Pan‐brassinosteroid signaling revealed by functional analysis of NILR1 in land plants
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Bai Qunwei , Li Chenxi , Wang Lihaitian , Wei Qiang , Ali Khawar , Li Wenjuan , Huang Shengdi , Xu Hongxing , Li Guishuang , Ren Hongyan , Wu Guang 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling has been identified from the ligand BRs sensed by the receptor Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 (BRI1) to the final activation of Brassinozole Resistant 1/bri1 EMS‐Suppressor 1 through a series of transduction events. Extensive studies have been conducted to characterize the role of BR signaling in various biological processes. Our previous study has shown that Excess Microsporocytes 1 (EMS1) and BRI1 control different aspects of plant growth and development via conserved intracellular signaling.

Here, we reveal that another receptor, NILR1, can complement the bri1 mutant in the absence of BRs, indicating a pathway that resembles BR signaling activated by NILR1. Genetic analysis confirms the intracellular domains of NILR1, BRI1 and EMS1 have a common signal output.

Furthermore, we demonstrate that NILR1 and BRI1 share the coreceptor BRI1 Associated Kinase 1 and substrate BSKs. Notably, the NILR1‐mediated downstream pathway is conserved across land plants.

In summary, we provide evidence for the signaling cascade of NILR1, suggesting pan‐brassinosteroid signaling initiated by a group of distant receptor–ligand pairs in land plants.
Objective evaluation of the Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) with precipitation and temperature for Iran
Authors: Mohammadlou Mohammad , Bahremand Abdolreza , Princz Daniel , Kinar Nicholas , Haghnegahdar Amin , Razavi Saman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) is currently in operational use for data assimilation and forecasting at 25–15 km scales; regional 10 km scales over North America; and 2.5 km scales over Canada. To evaluate the GEM model for forecasting applications in Iran, global daily temperature and precipitation outputs of GEM at a 25 km scale were compared to data sets from hydrometeorological stations and the De Martonne climate classification method was used to demarcate climate zones for comparisons. GEM model outputs were compared to observations in each of these zones. The results show good agreement between GEM outputs and measured daily temperatures with Kling‐Gupta efficiencies of 0.76 for the arid, 0.71 for the semiarid, and 0.78 for the humid regions. There is also an agreement between GEM outputs and measured annual precipitation with differences of 50% for the arid, 36% for the semiarid, and 15% for the humid region. There is a ~13% systematic difference between the elevation of stations and the average elevation of corresponding GEM grid cells; differences in elevation associated with forcing data sets can be potentially corrected using environmental lapse rates. Compared with hydrometeorological data sets, the GEM model precipitation outputs are less accurate than temperature outputs, and this may influence the accuracy of potential Iranian forecasting operations utilizing GEM. The results of this study provide an understanding of the operation and limitations of the GEM model for climate change and hydro‐climatological studies.
Parent report of child behaviour: Findings from the Flint Registry cohort
Authors: Jones Nicole , Dannis Jacqueline , O'Connell Lauren , LaChance Jenny , LeWinn Kaja , Hanna‐Attisha Mona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren in Flint, Michigan, have multiple risk factors for behavioural challenges, including exposure to lead during the Flint water crisis. However, their behavioural health status is largely unknown. Robust data from the Flint Registry can help understand the burden of behavioural outcomes and inform the allocation of resources.ObjectivesThis population‐level evaluation of Flint children's behavioural outcomes aims to answer the question: What is the burden of parent‐reported child behaviour problems in Flint Registry enrolled children?MethodsThis cross‐sectional study describes parent‐reported behavioural outcomes of children 2–17 years old who enrolled in the Flint Registry between December 2018 and December 2020. Parents/guardians completed behavioural assessments including the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC‐3) Parent Rating Scale and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF2) Screening Parent Form. Demographics of enrolees were compared with census data. Composite BASC‐3 T scores were compared with national norms. Distributions for clinically relevant categories of BASC‐3 and BRIEF2 scores were examined across age and sex groups.ResultsOf the 3579 children included in this study (mean age 9.73 ± 3.96 years), about half were female and 79.7% were eligible for free or reduced‐price lunch. Almost half of the children were reported to have clinically concerning scores on the BASC‐3 Parent Rating Scale (44.7%) and the BRIEF2 Screening Parent Form (46.7%). Across most age and sex groupings, the reported adaptive skills were relatively low and behaviour symptoms relatively high.ConclusionsResults reveal a substantial burden of parent‐reported behavioural problems in Flint Registry children. This is clinically significant and indicates that a large number of children may require comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and potential medical and/or educational services. Recognising the potential for long‐term manifestations of childhood exposures to environmental hazards, longitudinal surveillance is critical to continue to identify and support participants.
Decisions and mechanisms of intergroup bias in children's third‐party punishment
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gadea María Luz , Dominguez Antonella , Petroni Agustin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren tend to punish norm transgressions, even when they are mere external observers—a phenomenon known as Third‐Party Punishment (TPP). This behavior is influenced by intergroup bias, as children unevenly punish ingroup and outgroup members. Here, we explored the influence of intergroup bias in TPP decisions in children between six and 11 years of age (N = 124) using costly versus non‐costly decisions while measuring response times as a proxy of the mechanisms underlying intergroup bias in TPP. Our results showed that children exhibited two types of intergroup biases: (i) an ingroup policing bias, as they preferentially punished selfish behavior from ingroup members, and (ii) an ingroup protectionism bias, as they were more willing to punish selfishness directed at ingroup members than outgroup members. We observed different developmental trajectories and mechanisms associated with these biases. First, while ingroup protectionism was present in all children, ingroup policing decreases with age and it was absent in children between 10 and 11 years of age. Second, both intergroup biases were associated with deliberative/conflictive processes. These results shed light on the mechanisms that underlie the development of intergroup bias in TPP decisions.