bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism-Based and Computational Modeling of Hydrogen Sulfide Biogenesis Inhibition - Interfacial Inhibition
Authors: Le Corre Laurent , Padovani Dominique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that participates in various signaling functions in health and diseases. The tetrameric cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) contributes to H2S biogenesis and several investigations provide evidence on the pharmacological modulation of CSE as a potential target for the treatment of a multitude of conditions. D-penicillamine (D-pen) has recently been reported to selectively impede CSE-catalyzed H2S production but the molecular bases for such inhibitory effect have not been investigated. In this study, we report that D-pen follows a mixed-inhibition mechanism to inhibit both cystathionine (CST) cleavage and H2S biogenesis by human CSE. To decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying such a mixed inhibition, we performed docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Interestingly, MD analysis of CST binding reveals a likely active site configuration prior to gem-diamine intermediate formation, particularly H-bond formation between the amino group of the substrate and the O3’ of PLP. Similar analyses realized with both CST and D-pen identified three potent interfacial ligand-binding sites for D-pen and offered a rational for D-pen effect. Thus, inhibitor binding not only induces the creation of an entirely new interacting network at the vicinity of the interface between enzyme subunits, but it also exerts long range effects by propagating to the active site. Overall, our study paved the way for the design of new allosteric interfacial inhibitory compounds that will specifically modulate H2S biogenesis by cystathionine γ-lyase.Graphical abstract
Distribution and environmental drivers of fungal denitrifiers in global soils
Authors: Bösch Yvonne , Pold Grace , Saghaï Aurélien , Karlsson Magnus , Jones Christopher M. , Hallin Sara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe microbial process denitrification is the primary source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from terrestrial ecosystems. Fungal denitrifiers, unlike many bacteria, lack the N2O reductase and are potential sources of N2O. Still, their diversity, distribution, and environmental determinants in terrestrial ecosystems remain unresolved. We used a phylogenetically informed approach to screen 1 980 soil and rhizosphere metagenomes representing 608 globally distributed sampling sites for the denitrification marker genenirK, coding for nitrite reductase. We show that fungal denitrifiers are sparse, yet cosmopolitan and dominated by saprotrophs and opportunistic plant pathogens. Few showed biome-specific distribution patterns. However, members of theFusarium oxysporumspecies complex, known to produce substantial amounts of N2O, were proportionally more abundant and diverse in the rhizosphere than in other biomes. Fungal denitrifiers were most frequently detected in croplands but were most abundant in forest soils. The overall low abundance of fungal relative to bacterial and archaeal denitrifiers suggests that their role in denitrification and contribution to soil N2O emissions may be less important than previously suggested. Nevertheless, in relative terms, they could play a role in soils characterized by high carbon to nitrogen ratio and low pH, especially in tundra and boreal and temperate coniferous forests. Our results further indicate that plant-pathogen interactions may favor fungal denitrifiers. Thus, increasing global warming with predicted proliferation of pathogens and the fact that many of the fungi withnirKdetected in the metagenomes are stress-tolerant cosmopolitans suggest that fungal denitrifier abundance may increase in terrestrial ecosystems.
What is the effectiveness of community diagnostic centres: a rapid review
Authors: Wale Alesha , Okolie Chukwudi , Everitt Jordan , Hookway Amy , Shaw Hannah , Little Kirsty , Lewis Ruth , Cooper Alison , Edwards Adrian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic directly impacted diagnostic services in the UK and globally. This exacerbated the rapid rise in demand for diagnostics that existed before the pandemic, resulting in significant numbers of patients requiring various diagnostic services and increased waiting times for diagnostics and treatment. In 2021, community diagnostic centres were launched in England. As diagnostic services account for over 85% of clinical pathways within the NHS and cost over six billion pounds per year, diagnostic centres across a broader range of diagnostic services may be effective, efficient, and cost-effective in the UK health sector.This rapid review aimed to identify and examine the evidence on the effectiveness of community diagnostic centres. A prior Research Evidence Map was used, along with the stakeholder input, to select a substantive focus for the rapid review. Comparative studies examining community diagnostic centres that accept referrals from primary care as a minimum were included. Prioritised outcomes included those relating to impact on capacity and pressure on secondary care, ensuring equity in uptake or access, and economic outcomesThe review included evidence available up until August 2022. Twenty primary studies were included. Twelve individual diagnostic centres were evaluated across the 20 studies. Most studies evaluated diagnostic centres located within hospital settings. One study evaluated a mobile diagnostic ultrasound service. Most studies were specific to cancer diagnoses. Six studies covered multiple health conditions, which will have also included cancer. Other conditions reported included: severe anaemia, fever of uncertain nature, and multiple sclerosis. A range of outcomes was identified. 11 studies conducted in Spain evaluated the same type of clinic i.e. Quick Diagnostic Unit and seven studies evaluated the same centre at different time intervals. No evidence relating to equity of access was identified.The evidence relating to effectiveness appeared mixed. There is evidence to suggest that diagnostic centres can reduce various waiting times, including time to surgical consultation, time from consultation to treatment, time from cancer suspicion to treatment, time from diagnosis to specialist consultation and time from diagnosis to treatment. Diagnostic centres could help reduce pressure on secondary care by avoiding hospitalisations in stable patients.Cost-effectiveness may depend on whether the diagnostic centre is running at full capacity. Factors that could determine the costs incurred by a centre include the diagnostic and clinical complexity of patients, and the characteristics of the unit including the number of staff and contribution of staff time.
Single cell RNA-seq in Drosophila testis reveals evolutionary trajectory of sex chromosome regulation
Authors: Wei Kevin H-C , Chatla Kamalakar , Bachtrog Doris 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAlthough sex chromosomes have evolved from autosomes, they often have unusual regulatory regimes that are sex- and cell-type-specific such as dosage compensation (DC) and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). The molecular mechanisms and evolutionary forces driving these unique transcriptional programs are critical for genome evolution but have been, in the case of MSCI in Drosophila, subject to continuous debate. Here, we take advantage of the younger sex chromosomes inD. miranda(XR and the neo-X) to infer how former autosomes acquire sex-chromosome specific regulatory programs using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling, in a comparative evolutionary context. We show that contrary to mammals and worms, the X’s are downregulated through germline progression most consistent with a loss of DC instead of MSCI, resulting in half gene dosage at the end of meiosis for all three X’s. For the young neo-X, DC is incomplete across all tissue and cell types and this dosage imbalance is rescued by contributions from Y-linked gametologs which produce transcripts that are translated to compensate both gene and protein dosage. We find an excess of previously autosomal testis genes becoming Y-specific, showing that the neo-Y and its masculinization likely resolve sexual antagonism. Multicopy neo-sex genes are predominantly expressed during meiotic stages of spermatogenesis, consistent with their amplification being driven to interfere with Mendelian segregation. Altogether, this study reveals germline regulation of evolving sex chromosomes and elucidates the consequences these unique regulatory mechanisms have on the evolution sex chromosome architecture.
Firms’ dynamic capabilities and supply chain risk management: a B2B perspective
Authors: Gani Mohammad Osman , Takahashi Yoshi , Bag Surajit , Rahman Muhammad Sabbir 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study examines the relationships between collaboration capability (CC) and supply chain risk management (SCRM) and the mediating role of supply chain alignment (SCA) between CC and SCRM. It also investigates the moderating role of data-driven culture (DDC) on the path joining CC and SCA.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted via a structured questionnaire among the 297 managers of Business-to-business (B2B) firms. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe result found a positive and significant relationship between CC and SCRM, CC and SCA, and SCA and SCRM. The research found a significant mediating role of SCA between CC and SCRM. The study also found a significant moderating role of DBC between CC and SCA.Practical implicationsThe outcomes demonstrate the management and societal relevance of the study from the viewpoint of businesses in developing nations. To cope with dynamic shifts, managers and decision makers need to take initiative for collaboration among the supplier, to align with their supply chain operations and enhance preparedness of DDC to overcome supply chain-related risks in the future.Originality/valueThe results of this empirical study have the significant potential to provide valuable guidance and insights about the B2B firms’ CC to develop SCA to enhance SCRM as risk management for the supply chain can aid in loss prevention and provide an edge over competitors. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, these relationships based on the dynamic capability view (DCV) add to existing studies on B2B firms’ supply chains in a novel way.
Influence of collective forest tenure reform on rural households' forestry management investment: the case from seven provinces in China
Authors: Song Boyao , Liu Bingxin , He Chao 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe main objectives of collective forest tenure reform in China are to stimulate rural households to invest in forestry management, protect the ecosystem and improve their livelihood. By constructing the unbalanced panel data of household investment, this study discusses the dynamic changes and influencing factors of household investment, which will lay a foundation for further research and provide a reference for decision-making.Design/methodology/approachBased on 3,500 samples from rural households in the provinces of Fujian, Hunan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Gansu, and Liaoning collected during field investigations from 2010 to 2015, this study conducts an empirical analysis of the household investment in forestry management and its factors with nonbalanced panels.FindingsAccording to the analysis, the average investment in forestry management per household from 2010 to 2015 fluctuates greatly; the age of the householder, increased forestry area, subsidies, joining professional cooperatives, and forest tenure mortgage show positive effects on achieving the objectives.Originality/valueThe discussions are drawn from the study that supporting policies such as the forest tenure transfer system, professional cooperatives, financial services and subsidies should be further improved to sustain a positive in the forestry industry.
Weak EMH and Canadian stock markets: evidence from linear and nonlinear unit root tests
Authors: Neifar Malika , Gharbi Leila 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the weak form of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) using monthly data from 2004M08 to 2018M04 for two Canadian stock indices: the Islamic (DJICPI) and the conventional (CCSI). This paper investigates whether Islamic and/or conventional stock market would be efficient through the non-stationarity test of the stock indices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct the linearity test of Harveyet al.(2008) to identify whether the considered series has linear or nonlinear behavior. If the time series exhibits nonlinear evolution, then the authors apply nonlinear unit root tests (three KSS type tests and Sollis tests).FindingsLinearity test results say that LCCSI has nonlinear behavior, while Dow Jones Islamic Canadian Price Index, LDJICPI, is a linear process. Then, the findings of this paper show that only Canadian Islamic Price Index (DJICPI) has the characteristics of random walk indicating that only conventional stock markets are inefficient. The major implication is that in Canada, fund managers and investors can (cannot) enjoy excess returns to their investment in conventional (Islamic) stock market.Originality/valueNumerous empirical studies of the weak EMH are carried out within a linear framework. However, stock indices can show nonlinear behavior as a result of 2008 global financial crisis. To contribute to the existing literature on the Islamic and conventional stock market efficiency, the authors take into account both structural breaks and nonlinearity. Thus, as a testing strategy for weak EMH, the authors perform (Harveyet al., 2008) linearity test to examine the presence of nonlinear behavior and correct for outliers effect when it is needed.
How “safe” is the WTO “safe haven”? A need to modernise disciplines for officially supported export credits
Authors: Jennekens Bob , Klasen Andreas 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to draw attention to an urgent need for reform of the regulatory framework of the broader export credit system to ensure a new and comprehensive “safe haven” for officially supported export credits. The purpose is to analyse the complex debate on disciplines of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), creating a point of reference for future analysis of and debates around the “carve-out clause” of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) and a “safe haven” in a broader sense.Design/methodology/approachThis paper takes inspiration from legal, economic and political science literature on subsidies and officially supported export credits, as well as on legal documents related to the WTO and the OECD. It examines the WTO subsidy and the OECD export credits framework, focusing on main legal and economic governance aspects. Then, it gives a critical analysis how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense might be, assessing frictions of and solutions for the fundamentally different set of disciplines, limitations, financial instruments not covered by OECD regulations, as well as new challenges related to climate finance.FindingsAfter assessing the challenges regarding the “carve-out clause” of the WTO subsidy framework and two tracks aiming to create a new “safe haven”, requirements for comprehensive disciplines for officially supported export credits are pointed out. Furthermore, several misunderstandings and mistakes appearing in the debate are clarified.Research limitations/implicationsDesktop research rather than empirical field work.Practical implicationsThis paper creates awareness for governments and exporters how to deal with a complex system of interrelated disciplines. The question, how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense can be, has not been resolved yet. Some authors focus on the WTO disciplines not taking into account the need for an effective matching procedure of the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits (the Arrangement). Furthermore, the introduction of several new pre-export financing programmes and the growing significance of climate finance-related instruments for export credit agencies creates both opportunities and challenges. This paper can serve as a reference point for the academic debate and further research. This paper also offers newcomers to the topic a comprehensive overview.Originality/valueAlthough the “carve-out clause” and the Arrangement have been much discussed, there is limited literature review structuring both existing and new aspects of the debate, assessing (dis)advantages of arguments and interpretations. This paper both adds to the corpus of literature about the ASCM, as well as the Arrangement, and takes this corpus as the object of its analysis.
How does the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) affect financial intelligence exchange with third countries?
Authors: Haq Md. Zahurul 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the probable effect of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union on the transfer of financial intelligence to a third country without an adequacy decision.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an analytical study of the financial intelligence exchange mechanisms between the Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit (BFIU) and its foreign counterparts. The research analyses the key challenges this national agency faces in using the Egmont Group membership to import financial intelligence from jurisdictions with a superior data protection regime.

Findings
Membership in the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units does not guarantee unrestricted international intelligence exchange. Existing data protection regulations in Bangladesh are inadequate. This may forbid the transfer of the financial intelligence linked to European Union (EU) data subjects to Bangladesh.

Research limitations/implications
This paper does not cover a thorough discussion on any specific alternative tools for data transfer from the EU to a third country except for “appropriate safeguards” options.

Practical implications
The results of this study will help understand the existing legal and institutional limitations that may prevent intelligence exchange between the BFIU and its EU counterparts.

Originality/value
The study helps ascertain the legislative reform necessary in Bangladesh, a third country, to facilitate the transfer of financial intelligence from the EU.
Clinical value of the prognostic nutritional index and red blood cell distribution width‐to‐albumin ratio for the prediction of severity of and mortality associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Yu Kaihui , Jiang Zhenyu , Liu Ougen , Wan Chuan , Wu Hongxuan , Cao Xianwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and red blood cell distribution width‐to‐albumin ratio (RAR) are considered to be related to the prognosis of disease severity. However, the role of these biomarkers in predicting Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) severity and mortality is unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of PNI and RAR with severity and mortality in individuals with SJS/TEN. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 74 individuals with SJS/TEN and 74 healthy individuals, who were matched for age and sex during the same period. PNI, RAR, and other indicators were compared between individuals with SJS/TEN and healthy controls. The association of PNI and RAR with SJS/TEN severity was assessed using Spearman or Pearson correlation analyses. Individuals with SJS/TEN were categorized into two groups, either survivors or nonsurvivors. The correlation between PNI, RAR, and SJS/TEN mortality was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The predictive value of the previously mentioned indicators on the mortality of patients with SJS/TEN was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The RAR level of patients with SJS/TEN was greater than that of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas PNI was lower. In compliance with correlation analysis, RAR was positively correlated with SCORTEN (Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) and ABCD‐10 (age, bicarbonate, cancer, dialysis, 10% body surface area) (p < 0.05), and PNI was negatively correlated (p < 0.05). RAR is a risk factor for death in patients with SJS/TEN, but an elevated PNI level is a protective factor for mortality. The best cutoff values of PNI and RAR for predicting death in patients with SJS/TEN were 31.375 (sensitivity, 84.7%; specificity, 80%) and 0.486 (sensitivity, 73.3%; specificity, 84.7%). These results underscore the potential clinical value of PNI and RAR as appropriate and meaningful biomarkers to assess the severity of SJS/TEN and the mortality associated with it.
Catalase promotes whitefly adaptation to high temperature by eliminating reactive oxygen species
Authors: Liang Peng , Ning Jie , Wang Wenlu , Zhu Pu , Gui Lianyou , Xie Wen , Zhang Youjun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThermal stress usually leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all aerobic organisms. Catalases (CAT) are the key antioxidant enzymes, which act as the first line of defense against ROS in the antioxidant pathway. The highly invasive and widely distributed whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED damages plants by feeding as well as by transmitting many plant viruses. Previous studies have shown that strong adaptability to high temperature helps explain the spread of MED around the world. However, the mechanism underlying high temperature adaptation of this pest is not well understood. In this study, 6 CAT genes were identified from the MED genome and transcriptome dataset, among which BtCAT1, BtCAT2, and BtCAT3 were found to be highly expressed in adults. The expression of BtCAT1, BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 increased with induction temperature and induction time. The MED was exposed with mean high temperature (30 °C or 35 °C) and a short‐term extremely high temperature (39 °C or 41 °C) after the silencing of BtCAT1, BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 to significantly increased ROS levels by at least 0.5 times and significantly decreased survival rate and fecundity of MED adults. The ROS level in the treated specimens gradually returned to a normal level after 24 h at 25 °C, but the survival rate still declined significantly. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CAT could help B. tabaci adapt to long‐term mean high temperatures and short‐term extremely high temperatures by eliminating excessive ROS.