bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tractostorm 2: Optimizing tractography dissection reproducibility with segmentation protocol dissemination
Authors: Rheault Francois , Schilling Kurt G. , Valcourt‐Caron Alex , Théberge Antoine , Poirier Charles , Grenier Gabrielle , Guberman Guido I. , Begnoche John , Legarreta Jon Haitz , Y. Cai Leon , Roy Maggie , Edde Manon , Caceres Marco Perez , Ocampo‐Pineda Mario , Al‐Sharif Noor , Karan Philippe , Bontempi Pietro , Obaid Sami , Bosticardo Sara , Schiavi Simona , Sairanen Viljami , Daducci Alessandro , Cutting Laurie E. , Petit Laurent , Descoteaux Maxime , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe segmentation of brain structures is a key component of many neuroimaging studies. Consistent anatomical definitions are crucial to ensure consensus on the position and shape of brain structures, but segmentations are prone to variation in their interpretation and execution. White‐matter (WM) pathways are global structures of the brain defined by local landmarks, which leads to anatomical definitions being difficult to convey, learn, or teach. Moreover, the complex shape of WM pathways and their representation using tractography (streamlines) make the design and evaluation of dissection protocols difficult and time‐consuming. The first iteration of Tractostorm quantified the variability of a pyramidal tract dissection protocol and compared results between experts in neuroanatomy and nonexperts. Despite virtual dissection being used for decades, in‐depth investigations of how learning or practicing such protocols impact dissection results are nonexistent. To begin to fill the gap, we evaluate an online educational tractography course and investigate the impact learning and practicing a dissection protocol has on interrater (groupwise) reproducibility. To generate the required data to quantify reproducibility across raters and time, 20 independent raters performed dissections of three bundles of interest on five Human Connectome Project subjects, each with four timepoints. Our investigation shows that the dissection protocol in conjunction with an online course achieves a high level of reproducibility (between 0.85 and 0.90 for the voxel‐based Dice score) for the three bundles of interest and remains stable over time (repetition of the protocol). Suggesting that once raters are familiar with the software and tasks at hand, their interpretation and execution at the group level do not drastically vary. When compared to previous work that used a different method of communication for the protocol, our results show that incorporating a virtual educational session increased reproducibility. Insights from this work may be used to improve the future design of WM pathway dissection protocols and to further inform neuroanatomical definitions.
The spectrum of data sharing policies in neuroimaging data repositories
Authors: Jwa Anita S. , Poldrack Russell A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSharing data is a scientific imperative that accelerates scientific discoveries, reinforces open science inquiry, and allows for efficient use of public investment and research resources. Considering these benefits, data sharing has been widely promoted in diverse fields and neuroscience has been no exception to this movement. For all its promise, however, the sharing of human neuroimaging data raises critical ethical and legal issues, such as data privacy. Recently, the heightened risks to data privacy posed by the rapid advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have made data sharing more challenging; the regulatory landscape around data sharing has also been evolving rapidly. Here we present an in‐depth ethical and regulatory analysis that examines how neuroimaging data are currently shared against the backdrop of the relevant regulations and policies in the United States and how advanced software tools and algorithms might undermine subjects' privacy in neuroimaging data sharing. The implications of these novel technological threats to privacy in neuroimaging data sharing practices and policies will also be discussed. We then conclude with a proposal for a legal prohibition against malicious use of neuroscience data as a regulatory mechanism to address privacy risks associated with the data while maximizing the benefits of data sharing and open science practice in the field of neuroscience.
A new modified chloride mass balance approach based on aquifer hydraulic properties and other sources of chloride to assess rainfall recharge in brackish aquifers
Authors: Aliewi Amjad , Bhandary Harish , Sabarathinam Chidambaram , Al‐Qallaf Habib 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA reasonable estimation of aquifer recharge can assist in the sustainable management of groundwater resources. The methodology to calculate aquifer recharge presents many challenges due to geological complexity and the existence of different water qualities in the aquifer. The classic chloride mass balance (CMB) method has been used widely for aquifer recharge estimation but the assumptions in the equations neglect other sources of chloride than rainfall; chloride accumulation due to evaporation and the hydraulic properties of the recharged aquifer. This research aims to introduce modifications and derive a new CMB equation that covers the shortcomings in the earlier classic CMB approach. The newly developed approach was verified mathematically to identify the sensitive parameters that affect the results of aquifer recharge. Also, it was verified by independent data and method (groundwater modelling) and showed that it is approaching reality about recharge estimation than the earlier classic method which underestimates aquifer recharge especially for brackish aquifers. This article applies the new modified method to sedimentary aquifers of brackish nature and carbonate aquifers predominantly with fresh water and brackish water. In particular, numerical modelling showed that the optimum percentage of aquifer recharge from rainfall for brackish aquifers is between 10% and 20%. Application of the classic method in brackish aquifers in Kuwait estimates the aquifer recharge to be 0.5%–3% due to rainfall, while the modified method yields aquifer recharge of 9.3%–20% from total rainfall which agrees with the results of numerical modelling approach. The application of the classic CMB method for the carbonate aquifers containing fresh to brackish groundwater in the West Bank, gave recharge percentage of 25% from rainfall while the modified method indicated the recharge percentage is 32% from rainfall. The results of the study obtained by the modified CMB technique are proved promising.
Evaluation of flower visiting insects specimen sampling methodology in turfgrass–forb habitat
Authors: de Souza Isadora G. P. , de Castro Edicarlos B. , Henry Gerald M. , Held David W. , Hill JoVonn G. , McCurdy James D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPollination is fundamental to healthy ecosystems, and global pollination services have been valued at over $200 billion annually. However, landscape fragmentation, urban growth, and ecosystem degradation adversely influence insect pollinator biodiversity. Efforts to mitigate these factors must be enhanced in order to establish and increase pollinator populations. As such, a better understanding of the landscapes that make up their habitats may help mitigate these negative effects. Gauging the effect of landscapes on pollinators requires identification of insect richness and abundance, but studies that evaluate trapping and netting methodology over established turfgrass–forb habitat are scant. Here, we present preliminary findings from a single location (Starkville, MS) regarding the effectiveness of two sampling methodologies, netting, and pan traps. Methods were compared over bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) mixed with white clover (Trifolium repens). The total abundance, taxa abundance, and the link between insect taxa and method were examined. Netting was found to be more effective at catching pollinators, especially those belonging to the Apidae and Syrphidae families. Apidae and Syrphidae were the most abundant families present. Halictidae showed higher abundance in pan traps, however, no significant difference in abundance was found between it and other families. Ongoing work seeks to identify all samples to species level. The work presented here has been replicated at another site and will be combined with this study to enable broader inferences.
Aerobic biodegradation of sulfolane using Archaea and Pseudomonas strains
Authors: Yiqiao Yang , Linlong Yu , Gopal Achari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfolane, an industrial solvent commonly used for sweetening natural gas, has recently emerged as a contaminant of concern in Alberta because of its widespread detection around many gas processing sites. In the work reported in this paper, the aerobic biodegradation of sulfolane by Pseudomonas strain or Archaea strain and mixed bacterial cultures was studied. The evaluation was furtherly conducted using Pseudomonas which had been acclimated to water contaminated with sulfolane. The impacts of co‐contaminant, initial sulfolane concentration and soil content on biodegradation of sulfolane using acclimated Pseudomonas were also investigated.RESULTSThe results showed that Pseudomonas degraded sulfolane at a rate of 2.03 mg L−1 h−1 while Archaea strain degraded sulfolane at a rate of 0.04 mg L−1 h−1. Pseudomonas and Archaea inoculated with aquifer sediments containing indigenous microbes achieved a higher sulfolane degradation rate. Acclimation of Pseudomonas to sulfolane environment sufficiently mitigated the lag period before the onset of the biodegradation process.CONCLUSIONSPseudomonas is a good candidate for aerobic biodegradation of sulfolane in groundwater. Aerobic biodegradation of sulfolane by Pseudomonas can be significantly enhanced through inoculation with sulfolane‐contaminated sediments or acclimatization to sulfolane environment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
Lingual papillary system of the Egyptian mouse‐tailed bat (Rhinopoma hardwickii): New insights to its feeding strategies using scanning electron microscope, and immunohistochemical analysis of keratin
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Madkour Naglaa , Morsy Kareem , Haddad Seham , Abourashed Nagah M. , El Basyouny Hebat Allah , Kandyel Ramadan M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe current investigation described the ultrastructural and histological features of the lingual papillary system in 14 adult Rhinopoma hardwickii using scanning electron and light microscopy, and immunohistochemical staining of keratin. Three types of lingual papillae were recognized; one filiform mechanical and two gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate) of three directions: posterior, posteromedian, and median. Five filiform papillae subtypes were observed in four regions. The lingual tip had numerous giant filiform papillae. The lingual root was divided into two regions, an anterior papillary and a posterior non‐papillary region that had only three circumvallate papillae in a triangular pattern. Histologically, the papillae exhibited detached thick keratin that spread over the dorsal epithelial surface. The dorsal surface of the root had stratified keratinized circumvallate papillae. Concerning the pan‐cytokeratin (CK) antibody staining, moderate CK expression was observed in the superficial corneal layer of the apical lingual mucosa. While the superficial corneal cell layer in both body and root exhibited increasing of CK antibody. Morphometrically, there was a significantly increased, region‐specific number of triangular, pointed filiform papillae, which were relatively increased in length and width. However, the round conical blunt filiform papillae and fungiform papillae were sparse. We concluded that our results showed distinguished adaptations in the lingual structure and its different papillae established on the nutritional and energetic demand of this bat species. This lingual adaptation is summarized in number, position, taste buds, direction, ultrastructural features, and histological that concerned with its ability in eating during the night flight.Research highlights
Three types of lingual papillae; one mechanical (filiform) and two gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate) in which there were three circumvallate papillae on the posterior part of the lingual root in a triangular arrangement with an irregular surface, but the filiform papillae had five subtypes arranged in four regions.
The lingual root was divided into two regions, an anterior papillary region and a posterior non‐papillary region that only had three circumvallate papillae.
Concerning staining with a pan‐cytokeratin (CK) antibody, moderate CK expression was observed in the superficial corneal layer of the lingual mucosa of the tongue apex while the superficial corneal cell layer of the body and root exhibited increased expression of the CK antibody compared to the lingual apex.
Distinguishing infinite graphs with bounded degrees
Authors: Lehner Florian , Pilśniak Monika , Stawiski Marcin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCall a colouring of a graph distinguishing if the only colour preserving automorphism is the identity. A conjecture of Tucker states that if every automorphism of a connected graph moves infinitely many vertices, then there is a distinguishing 2‐colouring. We confirm this conjecture for graphs with maximum degree . Furthermore, using similar techniques we show that if an infinite graph has maximum degree , then it admits a distinguishing colouring with colours. This bound is sharp.
Synthetic Time of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography Generation Model Based on Cycle‐Consistent Generative Adversarial Network Using PETRA‐MRA in the Patients With Treated Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: You Sung‐Hye , Cho Yongwon , Kim Byungjun , Yang Kyung‐Sook , Kim Bo Kyu , Park Sang Eun 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is useful for evaluating intracranial aneurysm recurrence, but the problem of severe background noise and low peripheral signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) remain. Deep learning could reduce noise using high‐ and low‐quality images.PurposeTo develop a cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN)‐based deep learning model to generate synthetic TOF (synTOF) using PETRA.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 377 patients (mean age: 60 ± 11; 293 females) with treated intracranial aneurysms who underwent both PETRA and TOF from October 2017 to January 2021. Data were randomly divided into training (49.9%, 188/377) and validation (50.1%, 189/377) groups.Field Strength/SequenceUltra‐short echo time and TOF‐MRA on a 3‐T MR system.AssessmentFor the cycleGAN model, the peak SNR (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were evaluated. Image quality was compared qualitatively (5‐point Likert scale) and quantitatively (SNR). A multireader diagnostic optimality evaluation was performed with 17 radiologists (experience of 1–18 years).Statistical TestsGeneralized estimating equation analysis, Friedman's test, McNemar test, and Spearman's rank correlation. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsThe PSNR and SSIM between synTOF and TOF were 17.51 [16.76; 18.31] dB and 0.71 ± 0.02. The median values of overall image quality, noise, sharpness, and vascular conspicuity were significantly higher for synTOF than for PETRA (4.00 [4.00; 5.00] vs. 4.00 [3.00; 4.00]; 5.00 [4.00; 5.00] vs. 3.00 [2.00; 4.00]; 4.00 [4.00; 4.00] vs. 4.00 [3.00; 4.00]; 3.00 [3.00; 4.00] vs. 3.00 [2.00; 3.00]). The SNRs of the middle cerebral arteries were the highest for synTOF (synTOF vs. TOF vs. PETRA; 63.67 [43.25; 105.00] vs. 52.42 [32.88; 74.67] vs. 21.05 [12.34; 37.88]). In the multireader evaluation, there was no significant difference in diagnostic optimality or preference between synTOF and TOF (19.00 [18.00; 19.00] vs. 20.00 [18.00; 20.00], P = 0.510; 8.00 [6.00; 11.00] vs. 11.00 [9.00, 14.00], P = 1.000).Data ConclusionThe cycleGAN‐based deep learning model provided synTOF free from background artifact. The synTOF could be a versatile alternative to TOF in patients who have undergone PETRA for evaluating treated aneurysms.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 1
Tribological properties of water‐based nanofluids prepared by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composites filled with sulfurised isobutylene
Authors: Guan Jiju , Wu Jian , Gao Chao , Wang Yong , Xu Xuefeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSulfurised isobutylene (T321) was filled into the cavity of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in order to synthesise MWCNT/T321 composites. Tribological properties of water‐based nanofluids with composites as additives were systematically investigated using a four‐ball configuration. The results showed that MWCNTs were filled by T321 with a filling rate of 22.5%. The nanofluids prepared by the composites produced a significantly lower coefficient of friction and wear loss, in comparison with the lubricants containing only MWCNTs or T321. Such improvement was attributed to the fact that during sliding the T321 filled into composites was released onto the rubbing surface to generate a lubricating film, resulting in a low resistance to shear, whilst the MWCNTs served as nano‐bearings on the formed lubricating film.
Scaffold Flexibility Controls Binding of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 with Sulfated Dendritic Polyglycerol Hydrogels Fabricated by Thiol‐Maleimide Click Reaction
Authors: Thongrom Boonya , Sharma Antara , Nie Chuanxiong , Quaas Elisa , Raue Marwin , Bhatia Sumati , Haag Rainer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerpes Simplex Virus‐1 (HSV‐1) with a diameter of 155–240 nm uses electrostatic interactions to bind with the heparan sulfate present on the cell surface to initiate infection. In this work, the initial contact using polysulfate‐functionalized hydrogels is aimed to deter. The hydrogels provide a large contact surface area for viral interaction and sulfated hydrogels are good mimics for the native heparan sulfate. In this work, hydrogels of different flexibilities are synthesized, determined by rheology. Gels are prepared within an elastic modulus range of 10–1119 Pa with a mesh size of 80–15 nm, respectively. The virus binding studies carried out with the plaque assay show that the most flexible sulfated hydrogel performs the best in binding HSV viruses. These studies prove that polysulfated hydrogels are a viable option as HSV‐1 antiviral compounds. Furthermore, such hydrogel networks are also physically similar to naturally occurring mucus gels and therefore may be used as mucus substitutes.
Smart Synthesis of Hollow Microporous Organic Capsules with a Polyaniline Modified Shell
Authors: Li Qingyin , Cheng Ying , Razzaque Shumaila , Cao Zuolin , Ren Shijie , Tan Bien 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, novel hypercrosslinked polymer‐based hollow microporous organic capsules with a polyaniline (PANI)‐modified shell (PANI@S‐HMOCs) are prepared by in‐situ polymerization of aniline in the porous structure of the sulfonated hollow microporous organic capsules (S‐HMOCs). PANI@S‐HMOC1, PANI@S‐HMOC2, and PANI@S‐HMOC3 are made by adjusting S‐HMOCs and aniline weight ratios of 4:1 and 3:1, and 2:1, respectively. The characterizations of PANI@S‐HMOCs demonstrate that electrostatic interaction between aniline and sulfonic acid groups plays an important role in encapsulating PANI in the pores of the shell. The content of PANI shows an evident effect on the porosity of PANI@S‐HMOCs, and an appropriate polyaniline loading amount may increase the surface area. PANI@S‐HMOC1 and PANI@S‐HMOC2 have higher BET surface areas (529 and 503 m2 g−1) than S‐HMOCs (424 m2 g−1), but PANI@S‐HMOC3 has lower BET surface area (380 m2 g−1). Based on the structural and textural features, PANI@S‐HMOC2 shows good adsorption performance for Cr(VI) from aqueous media (156 mg g−1, pH = 2, and 27 mg g−1, pH = 7).
A dual‐band dual‐polarization Fabry–Pérot resonator antenna
Authors: Xu He , Zhao Gang , Tian Chao , Zhou Shi‐Guo , Jiang Xu‐Hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel dual‐band dual‐polarization Fabry‐Pérot resonator antenna (FPRA) is presented, which is composed of double‐layer frequency selective surfaces (FSS1 and FSS2) and planar patch antenna. By analyzing the passband and stopband characteristics of the FSS1 and the FSS2, it is revealed that FSS1 has stopband characteristic for low frequency and passband characteristic for high frequency, while FSS2 shows stopband characteristic for high frequency and passband characteristic for low frequency. Based on these traits, the gain is improved by the high‐reflection coefficient of FSS1 at low frequency. The linear to circular polarization (CP) conversion is achieved by FSS2 at high frequency. To verify the performance of this proposed design, a prototype FPRA is fabricated and measured. The measurement results show that the peak gain of antenna reaches 16.1 dBic with CP at 9.4 GHz and 15.3 dBi with linear polarization at 5.6 GHz. The measured 3‐dB gain bandwidths is from 5.35 GHz to 5.8 GHz in the lower band, and the combined fractional bandwidth (−10 dB impedance matching, 3‐dB measured gain, and 3‐dB axial ratio) from 9.27 to 9.55 GHz in the upper band is achieved.
Intracardiac MR imaging (ICMRI) guiding‐sheath with amplified expandable‐tip imaging and MR‐tracking for navigation and arrythmia ablation monitoring: Swine testing at 1.5 and 3T
Authors: Schmidt Ehud J. , Olson Gregory , Tokuda Junichi , Alipour Akbar , Watkins Ronald D. , Meyer Eric M. , Elahi Hassan , Stevenson William G. , Schweitzer Jeffrey , Dumoulin Charles L. , Johnson Thomas , Kolandaivelu Aravindan , Loew Wolfgang , Halperin Henry R. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeDevelop a deflectable intracardiac MR imaging (ICMRI) guiding‐sheath to accelerate imaging during MR‐guided electrophysiological (EP) interventions for radiofrequency (500 kHz) ablation (RFA) of arrythmia. Requirements include imaging at three to five times surface‐coil SNR in cardiac chambers, vascular insertion, steerable‐active‐navigation into cardiac chambers, operation with ablation catheters, and safe levels of MR‐induced heating.MethodsICMRI’s 6 mm outer‐diameter (OD) metallic‐braided shaft had a 2.6 mm OD internal lumen for ablation‐catheter insertion. Miniature‐Baluns (MBaluns) on ICMRI’s 1 m shaft reduced body‐coil‐induced heating. Distal section was a folded “star”‐shaped imaging‐coil mounted on an expandable frame, with an integrated miniature low‐noise‐amplifier overcoming cable losses. A handle‐activated movable‐shaft expanded imaging‐coil to 35 mm OD for imaging within cardiac‐chambers. Four MR‐tracking micro‐coils enabled navigation and motion‐compensation, assuming a tetrahedron‐shape when expanded. A second handle‐lever enabled distal‐tip deflection. ICMRI with a protruding deflectable EP catheter were used for MR‐tracked navigation and RFA using a dedicated 3D‐slicer user‐interface. ICMRI was tested at 3T and 1.5T in swine to evaluate (a) heating, (b) cardiac‐chamber access, (c) imaging field‐of‐view and SNR, and (d) intraprocedural RFA lesion monitoring.ResultsThe 3T and 1.5T imaging SNR demonstrated >400% SNR boost over a 4 × 4 × 4 cm3 FOV in the heart, relative to body and spine arrays. ICMRI with MBaluns met ASTM/IEC heating limits during navigation. Tip‐deflection allowed navigating ICMRI and EP catheter into atria and ventricles. Acute‐lesion long‐inversion‐time‐T1‐weighted 3D‐imaging (TWILITE) ablation‐monitoring using ICMRI required 5:30 min, half the time needed with surface arrays alone.ConclusionICMRI assisted EP‐catheter navigation to difficult targets and accelerated RFA monitoring.