bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method for quality consistency evaluation of Glycyrrhiza formula granules based on a spectrum‐effect study
Authors: Zhou Yongfeng , Wang Junnan , Tan Peng , Wu Qinghua , Chen Jiang , Liu Jiaxin , Zhang Ping , Zhang Dingkun , Pei Jin 
Published: November 2022

Quality consistency of Glycyrrhiza formula granules is essential for guaranteeing clinical efficacy. However, a suitable method to accurately and conveniently evaluate the consistency of the clinical efficacy of Glycyrrhiza formula granules is currently not available. This study established a method for the simultaneous determination of 12 active components in Glycyrrhiza formula granules using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. The rate of inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2 by different batches of Glycyrrhiza formula granules was determined. Near‐infrared spectra were collected for different batches of Glycyrrhiza formula granules to detect their biological activity in the inhibition of cyclooxygenase‐2. The quality consistency of the 11 batches of Glycyrrhiza formula granules was evaluated using principal component and correlation analyses. The results showed significant differences in the formula granules of Glycyrrhiza uralensis produced by the different manufacturers. Some differences were also observed among batches of formula granules produced by the same manufacturer. Correlation analysis of the chemical components and cyclooxygenase‐2 activity showed that glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, and isoliquiritin were the main active components of Glycyrrhiza. Correlation analysis of the near‐infrared spectra and cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition activity showed a high correlation between the active components and three characteristic bands: 3383–3995, 4227–4651, and 5315–5878 cm−1. In this study, the main active anti‐inflammatory components of Glycyrrhiza granules were screened. Thus, the near‐infrared spectrum and characteristic active band of multi‐index active components can be used to quickly detect the quality consistency of Glycyrrhiza formula granules, thereby improving the ability to control the quality and consistency of these granules.
A newborn male with Myhre syndrome, hearing loss, and complete syndactyly of fingers 3–4
Authors: Yang Kun , Wang Xi , Wang Wei‐Qian , Han Ming‐Yu , Hu Li‐Min , Kang Dong‐Yang , Yang Jin‐Yuan , Liu Min , Gao Xue , Yuan Yong‐Yi , Xu Jin‐Cao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMyhre syndrome is a rare multisystem genetic disorder that is caused by de novo heterozygous gain‐of‐function variants in SMAD4. Patients with Myhre syndrome exhibit several phenotypes at different ages such as small size, autism, developmental delay, left‐sided heart defects, and hearing loss and often have a characteristic facial appearance. The early clinical diagnosis of Myhre syndrome remains a major challenge, particularly in the first year of life.MethodsA Chinese male infant with syndactyly of fingers, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, and short philtrum was enrolled into the ENT department of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Whole exome sequencing analysis was used to detect the disease‐causing variant. A literature review of Myhre syndrome was also performed.ResultsA recurrent de novo missense variant c.1498A > G p.I500V(p. Ile500Val) in SMAD4 was detected confirming the clinical diagnosis of Myhre syndrome at the age of 38 days. The infant appears to be the youngest reported case of Myhre syndrome. At 23‐month follow‐up, the affected infant has dysmorphic facial features, growth retardation, and previously undescribed complete syndactyly. Review the literatures noted several common features in Myhre syndrome patients including hearing loss (72.7%), characteristic facial features (26.0%–54.5%), finger and toe abnormalities (3.9%–48.1%), short stature (45.5%), and respiratory (30.0%) and cardiovascular problems (65.0%).ConclusionsClinicians should have a low threshold to perform genetic testing on patients with features suggesting Myhre syndrome even in the first year of life. Although some individuals with Myhre syndrome have normal hearing, early onset or progressive hearing loss usually occur in one or both ears in most patients, with remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity. Syndactyly may be minor such as typical 2–3 toe involvement, or more complicated as was observed in our patient.
Ultrafast Z‐spectroscopic imaging in vivo at 3T using through‐slice spectral encoding (TS‐UFZ)
Authors: Bie Chongxue , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Mao Deng , Yadav Nirbhay N. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeAcquisition of high‐resolution Z‐spectra for CEST or magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) MRI requires excessive scan times. Ultrafast Z‐spectroscopy (UFZ) has been proposed to address this; however, the quality of in vivo UFZ spectra has been insufficient. Here, we present a simple approach to improve this.Theory and MethodsUFZ imaging acquires full Z‐spectra by encoding the spectral dimension spatially via a gradient applied concurrently with the RF saturation pulse. Different from previous implementations, both this saturation gradient and its readout were applied in the slice direction, resulting in a relatively uniform voxel composition. Phase‐encoding was applied in both in‐plane directions, allowing additional under‐sampling and acceleration.ResultsIn phantoms, UFZ imaging with through‐slice Z‐spectral encoding (TS‐UFZ) provided Z‐spectra of salicylic acid and egg white in excellent agreement with conventional acquisitions. In vivo brain Z‐spectra were influenced by flow through the imaging slice which affected the Z‐spectral baseline. Still, CEST signals could be quantified after baseline fitting and mapping the residual CEST signal. Amide proton transfer (APT) contrast intensities obtained by TS‐UFZ were on the same order of magnitude as conventional CEST but with different contrast across slice which likely is a result of different tissue regions contributing.ConclusionTS‐UFZ approach improves signal stability and spectral uniformity over previous implementations and allows high spectral‐resolution imaging of saturation transfer effects in the human brain at 3T. This implementation allows for further acceleration by reducing phase encoding steps and thus opens up the possibility of mapping dynamic CEST signals in vivo with a practical temporal resolution.
Quantifying the phenome‐wide disease burden of obesity using electronic health records and genomics
Authors: Robinson Jamie R. , Carroll Robert J. , Bastarache Lisa , Chen Qingxia , Pirruccello James , Mou Zongyang , Wei Wei‐Qi , Connolly John , Mentch Frank , Crane Paul K. , Hebbring Scott J. , Crosslin David R. , Gordon Adam S. , Rosenthal Elisabeth A. , Stanaway Ian B. , Hayes M. Geoffrey , Wei Wei , Petukhova Lynn , Namjou‐Khales Bahram , Zhang Ge , Safarova Mayya S. , Walton Nephi A. , Still Christopher , Bottinger Erwin P. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Murphy Shawn N. , Jackson Gretchen P. , Abumrad Naji , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Jarvik Gail P. , Larson Eric B. , Weng Chunhua , Roden Dan , Khera Amit V. , Denny Joshua C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveHigh BMI is associated with many comorbidities and mortality. This study aimed to elucidate the overall clinical risk of obesity using a genome‐ and phenome‐wide approach.MethodsThis study performed a phenome‐wide association study of BMI using a clinical cohort of 736,726 adults. This was followed by genetic association studies using two separate cohorts: one consisting of 65,174 adults in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network and another with 405,432 participants in the UK Biobank.ResultsClass 3 obesity was associated with 433 phenotypes, representing 59.3% of all billing codes in individuals with severe obesity. A genome‐wide polygenic risk score for BMI, accounting for 7.5% of variance in BMI, was associated with 296 clinical diseases, including strong associations with type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension, and chronic liver disease. In all three cohorts, 199 phenotypes were associated with class 3 obesity and polygenic risk for obesity, including novel associations such as increased risk of renal failure, venous insufficiency, and gastroesophageal reflux.ConclusionsThis combined genomic and phenomic systematic approach demonstrated that obesity has a strong genetic predisposition and is associated with a considerable burden of disease across all disease classes.
Improved thermostimulative shape memory behavior of HDPE/PET immiscible blend‐based polymer nanocomposite using amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles
Authors: Sharifzadeh Esmail , Azimi Neda , Mohammadi Reza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the study, the impact of homogeneously modified (HM) and Janus silica nanoparticles on the thermostimulative shape memory effect of high‐density polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blend‐based polymer nanocomposites (BPN) is investigated. It is shown that the physical/mechanical characteristics of the polymer/polymer interface have a determinative role in defining the shape memory effect of the system. Accordingly, the effect of each nanoparticle type on this region is precisely evaluated and interpreted. The Janus nanoparticles are synthesized via a two‐step desymmetrization process in Pickering emulsion, using different polar/apolar silane agents, while a single‐step modification procedure is used to perform the homogenous modification. The designing stages of a comprehensive analytical model are discussed which is used to evaluate the corporation level of the HM and Janus nanoparticles in the recovery mechanism of the BPN samples. The results of different characterizing tests (e.g., tensile, recovery, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, rheology, etc.) are proposed to demonstrate the impact of different types of nanoparticles on the polymer/polymer interface and shape memory effect (SME) in each sample. It is proved that the BPN samples containing Janus nanoparticles have the strongest SME, in both stretching and bending modes, even better than similar systems containing small molecule compatibilizers.
Effect of Trikafta on bone density, body composition and exercise capacity in CF: A pilot study
Authors: Gur Michal , Bar–Yoseph Ronen , Hanna Moneera , Abboud Dana , Keidar Zohar , Palchan Tala , Toukan Yazeed , Masarweh Kamal , Alisha Irit , Zuckerman‐Levin Nehama , Bentur Lea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile the positive effect of Trikafta on cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease is well established, there is limited data about its effect on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and exercise capacity.MethodsA pilot single center study. BMD and body composition were measured three months after the initiation of Trikafta (study group) and compared to values obtained 2 years earlier. CF patients not treated with Trikafta, for whom BMD was measured 2 years apart, served as controls. Spirometry, lung clearance index (LCI), sweat test, six‐min walk test (6MWT) and cardio‐pulmonary exercise test (CPET) were performed before and three months after the initiation of Trikafta.ResultsNine study patients, aged 18.6 ± 4.7 years, and nine controls. For the study group, BMI and hip and spine BMD increased significantly (19.4 ± 2.6 to 20.3 ± 2.19 BMI, p = 0.05; 0.73 ± 0.098 to 0.81 ± 0.12 gr/cm2 hip, p = 0.017; 0.76 ± 0.14 to 0.82 ± 0.14 gr/cm2 spine, p = 0.025). For the control group, there was no difference in hip or spine BMD. Lean body mass, %fat z‐score and fat mass/height2 z‐score increased significantly (34770.23 ± 10521.21 to 37430.16 ± 10330.09gr, p = 0.017; –0.8 ± 0.75 to 0.46 ± 0.58, p = 0.012; and −0.98 ± 0.66 to −0.04 ± 0.51, p = 0.025, respectively). 6MWT improved from 541.1 ± 48.9 to 592.9 ± 54.5 m (p = 0.046). As expected, FEV1%pred increased (p = 0.008) and sweat chloride decreased significantly (p = 0.017). In CPET, VE/VCO2 improved, indicating better ventilatory efficiency.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the metabolic effects of Trikafta. The results are encouraging and offer hope beyond the well‐established effect on pulmonary disease. Larger long‐term studies are warranted to unpin the underlying physiological mechanisms.
Reaching global leaderless consensus in directed networks via smooth and bounded control
Authors: Yu Xiao , Lan Weiyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis short communication revisits the leaderless consensus problem in directed networks. The network topology is described by a general directed graph which is only needed to contain at least a directed spanning tree, and is not necessarily strongly connected. A bounded and smooth control law using the hyperbolic tangent function is developed as the consensus protocol. Explicit stability analysis based on Lyapunov's second method and the concept of condensation graph is given. The proposed approach transforms the leaderless consensus problem into two subproblems: reaching leader‐following consensus under a graph containing a directed spanning tree with the leader being the root node and reaching leaderless consensus under a strongly connected graph. Remarkably, a perturbed system is formulated as the bridge between these two subproblems which are solved by Lyapunov's second method. The global leaderless consensus is achieved based on the stability of the perturbed system. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The importance of personal and contextual background factors on declaration of STEM majors: A focus on Native American undergraduates
Authors: Dabdoub Alise , Snyder Lori A. , Finken Allyson , Lin Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUtilizing Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), we investigated the importance of identity‐based factors such as personal inputs and contextual affordances (e.g., having children, being married or employed, school‐family conflict, stress, participating in Native American cultural activities) in understanding Native American undergraduates' intentions and decision to major in STEM fields. Past studies have examined the role of SCCT in undergraduate students' major choice and the underrepresentation of certain marginalized groups in STEM majors. Yet few studies have examined if these relationships extend to Native American undergraduates or how the SCCT model may vary based on the complex identities Native American peoples may hold. The findings highlight the importance of contextualizing major choice through a Native American lens. For Native American students, we find being married or employed, having children, and family stress negatively impact intent to major in STEM fields. We also find support for several SCCT variables and intent to major in STEM disciplines. Specifically, we discuss fostering identity as a scientist as a fruitful avenue for increasing intent to major in STEM fields. Results are compared to a White undergraduate group and implications are discussed for institutions of higher education and Tribal governments and leaders.
Copper‐Chitosan Beads as Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalysts for C−H Oxidation and C−X Amination
Authors: Kanarat Jurin , Bunchuay Thanthapatra , Chutimasakul Threeraphat , Limprasart Waranya , Unlum Jetnarin , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUniform millimeter‐sized copper‐incorporated chitosan beads were easily prepared via a simple synthetic method as efficient bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for C−H oxidation of alkylarenes to ketones and C−X amination of aryl halides with ammonia. These potent catalysts were compatible to various substrates, resulting in 2–97 and 39–99 % yields for the oxidation and amination reactions, respectively. Moreover, we highlight the dual roles of chitosan that it not only served as a versatile support to enhance the catalytic performance of copper active species, but it also acted as a base to promote the catalytic reactions. The catalysts are robust and could be employed under conventional heating or microwave irradiation for several times without deactivation or deformation. The bead shape of the catalysts provides easy separation and recyclability. Thus, chitosan and this preparation method may be exploited in the development of other transition metal catalyst beads for valuable organic reactions.
Chemical Absorption of CO2 Enhanced by Solutions of Alkali Hydroxides and Alkoxides at Room Temperature
Authors: De Carvalho Pinto Plínio C. , Batista Thais V. , De Rezende Ferreira Gabriel , Voga Geison P. , Oliveira Luiz C. A. , Oliveira Henrique S. , De Souza Leonardo A. , Belchior Jadson C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article presents the study of CO2 capture through aqueous solutions with high basicity conditions. Systematic experiments were conducted to assess the performance of alcohols mixed with aqueous alkaline hydroxides for carbon dioxide capture. Alcohols can work as a catalyst in the capture of CO2 providing greater basicity, a lower surface tension, and an amphiphilic character in the polar aqueous solvent/ (nonpolar CO2 and N2) gas mixture interface, and a lower temperature of solvent regeneration. The results showed that short‐chain alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, and alkaline metals of greater molar mass (i. e., K compared to Na) can produce greater basicity and a higher CO2 absorption rate in the mixtures than conventional aqueous solutions such as ammonia or monoethanolamine in the same concentration. DFT calculations of electronic and thermodynamic properties for CO2 absorption reactions were carried out to analyze the nucleophilic trend of the short‐chain alkoxides studied. The volumetric proportion between water and alcohol, as well as the concentration of alkaline hydroxide, influences the rate of CO2 absorption, the temperature of regeneration and volatility of the solvent, and the formation of precipitates. CO2 absorption rates greater than 90 % v/v and solvent regeneration temperatures of approximately 78 °C were achieved using ethanol, water, and KOH.
A DFT Computational and Synthetic Study of New Curcuminoidpropargyl Adducts with Pseudo‐Cofacial Aryl Rings
Authors: Borosky Gabriela L. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the aim to utilize transannular π‐π interactions as a driving force to assemble cofacial π‐decks, a DFT computational study was performed on the adducts resulting from coupling of curcuminoids (CURs), bearing electron‐withdrawing groups (F, CF3, SCF3, OCF3) in the aryl rings, with 1,3‐diphenylpropargyl moiety and its p‐OMe‐substituted derivatives. Detailed analysis of the structural and electronic properties of the resulting assemblies revealed the existence of intermolecular aromatic π‐π stacking interactions between one pair, and in some cases two pairs, of aryl rings. Structural/electronic changes resulting from π‐complexation to Ag+ (mono and bis adducts), and to Cr(CO)3 acting as π‐electron sink, were also examined. Motivated by the DFT computations outcomes, the feasibility to access these adducts via a simple one‐pot reaction using bismuth nitrate as catalyst was shown in representative cases, along with complexation to AgOTf via an NMR study.
Influence of Impurities from Manufacturing Process on the Toxicity Profile of Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Kodali Vamsi , Kim Keun Su , Roberts Jenny R. , Bowers Lauren , Wolfarth Michael G. , Hubczak John , Xin Xing , Eye Tracy , Friend Sherri , Stefaniak Aleksandr B. , Leonard Stephen S. , Jakubinek Michael , Erdely Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe toxicity of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has been the subject of conflicting reports, likely due to differences in the residuals and impurities that can make up to 30–60% of the material produced based on the manufacturing processes and purification employed. Four BNNTs manufactured by induction thermal plasma process with a gradient of BNNT purity levels achieved through sequential gas purification, water and solvent washing, allowed assessing the influence of these residuals/impurities on the toxicity profile of BNNTs. Extensive characterization including infrared and X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, size, charge, surface area, and density captured the alteration in physicochemical properties as the material went through sequential purification. The material from each step is screened using acellular and in vitro assays for evaluating general toxicity, mechanisms of toxicity, and macrophage function. As the material increased in purity, there are more high‐aspect‐ratio particulates and a corresponding distinct increase in cytotoxicity, nuclear factor‐κB transcription, and inflammasome activation. There is no alteration in macrophage function after BNNT exposure with all purity grades. The cytotoxicity and mechanism of screening clustered with the purity grade of BNNTs, illustrating that greater purity of BNNT corresponds to greater toxicity.
Hybrid MOF Template‐Directed Construction of Hollow‐Structured In2O3@ZrO2 Heterostructure for Enhancing Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol
Authors: Cui Wen‐Gang , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Lei , Wei Zheng‐Chang , Yu Lei , Dai Jing‐Jing , Zhang Hongbo , Hu Tong‐Liang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirect hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using green hydrogen has emerged as a promising method for carbon neutrality, but qualifying catalysts represent a grand challenge. In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst has been extensively applied in methanol synthesis due to its superior activity; however, the electronic effect by strong oxides‐support interactions between In2O3 and ZrO2 at the In2O3/ZrO2 interface is poorly understood. In this work, abundant In2O3/ZrO2 heterointerfaces are engineered in a hollow‐structured In2O3@ZrO2 heterostructure through a facile pyrolysis of a hybrid metal–organic framework precursor MIL‐68@UiO‐66. Owing to well‐defined In2O3/ZrO2 heterointerfaces, the resultant In2O3@ZrO2 exhibits superior activity and stability toward CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, which can afford a high methanol selectivity of 84.6% at a conversion of 10.4% at 290 °C, and 3.0 MPa with a methanol space‐time yield of up to 0.29 gMeOH gcat−1 h−1. Extensive characterization demonstrates that there is a strong correlation between the strong electronic In2O3–ZrO2 interaction and catalytic selectivity. At In2O3/ZrO2 heterointerfaces, the electron tends to transfer from ZrO2 to In2O3 surface, which facilitates H2 dissociation and the hydrogenation of formate (HCOO*) and methoxy (CH3O*) species to methanol. This study provides an insight into the In2O3‐based catalysts and offers appealing opportunities for developing heterostructured CO2 hydrogenation catalysts with excellent activity.
Doping Regulation in Polyanionic Compounds for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Lifen , Ji Fangjie , Zhang Jiexin , Chen Xumiao , Fang Yongjin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt has long been the goal to develop rechargeable batteries with low cost and long cycling life. Polyanionic compounds offer attractive advantages of robust frameworks, long‐term stability, and cost‐effectiveness, making them ideal candidates as electrode materials for grid‐scale energy storage systems. In the past few years, various polyanionic electrodes have been synthesized and developed for sodium storage. Specifically, doping regulation including cation and anion doping has shown a great effect in tailoring the structures of polyanionic electrodes to achieve extraordinary electrochemical performance. In this review, recent progress in doping regulation in polyanionic compounds as electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is summarized, and their underlying mechanisms in improving electrochemical properties are discussed. Moreover, challenges and prospects for the design of advanced polyanionic compounds for SIBs are put forward. It is anticipated that further versatile strategies in developing high‐performance electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices can be inspired.