bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New system designed for monitoring of solar radiation in urban areas
Authors: Iwase Osamu , Takenaka Hideaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study describes the estimation of solar radiation from photovoltaic (PV) power generation in smart streetlights (SSL) with a heat transfer model. The distribution of solar radiation is important for managing PV power generation. In particular, the demand for electricity for air conditioners and lighting in urban areas is large, so it is a major target for reducing greenhouse gases by introducing PV power. Solar radiation data that includes information on building shadows and reflections can be obtained by high‐density sampling in urban areas using SSL. These data, which include the three‐dimensional effects of urban structures such as buildings, can help urban planning to incorporate PV power generation. Diverse monitoring data in addition to urban canopy top solar radiation data will accelerate the introduction of PV power. The thermal state of the PV panel is an uncertain factor that links solar radiation and PV power generation. Here, we investigate an hourly constant model, a steady‐state model, and two nonsteady state models with daily and monthly intervals for predicting solar radiation from PV power generation at two locations over one winter month. Solar radiation is estimated by evaluating solar cell temperature, except for the hourly constant model. For the nonsteady‐state model, two types of heat transfer model, which consider only wind speed or both wind speed and direction for convection, are used. The model that includes wind speed and direction calculated by a Joukowski transform is effective, and the highest model accuracy is a mean absolute percentage error of less than 6.3% for the monthly average.
Metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titania on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Mombeshora Edwin T. , Muchuweni Edigar , Davies Matthew L. , Nyamori Vincent O. , Martincigh Bice S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn practice, the capacitance from the electrochemical double layer formation on porous carbon‐based electrodes is still below preferred values, limiting their use in electrochemical capacitors. The current drive is to innovate ways that generate additional capacitance in the electrochemical double layer capacitive nature of carbon nanomaterials towards both a high specific energy density (Es) and power density (Ps). Herein we report the use of metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to coat multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) to induce pseudocapacitive charge storage characteristics on a carbon‐based electrode. The study shows that MWCNTs were coated in bundles, and targeted TiO2 loadings were successfully attained, though the TiO2 agglomerates also increased with TiO2 wt.%. The 10 wt.% TiO2 TiO2‐MWCNT material displayed the best capacitive behavior with associated specific discharge capacitance (Cd), Es, and Ps values of 907 F kg−1, 55.56 Wh kg−1, and 2.78 W kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1, respectively, due to the synergistic effect of the two components of the composite. Additionally, the integral capacitance (Cs) of the 20 wt.% TiO2 material was enhanced more than 5000‐fold relative to that of the 5 wt.% TiO2 TiO2‐MWCNT composite at higher scan speeds of 100 and 200 mV s−1. Electrochemical measurements further demonstrated the possible positive tuning of capacitive characteristics (charge/discharge rates, Cd and Cs) with TiO2 wt.% control. The MOCVD synthesis method imparted the TiO2‐MWCNT composites with suitable traits that showed high potential in improving physicochemical processes favorable in electrical energy storage.
Optimum parameters extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using Fractional‐Order Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ren Xiaohui , Eslami Mahdiyeh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a novel metaheuristic‐based technique for optimum parameters' estimation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To provide better results with more reliability and accuracy, a Fractional Order‐based design of the Whale Optimizer Algorithm (FO‐WOA) is designed. A validation test showed that the proposed method provides a good trade‐off between accuracy and convergence speed. Performing the algorithm for multiple independent runs also shows that the proposed method delivers reliable results toward some other comparative metaheuristic algorithms. This algorithm is then used for the minimization of the sum of square deviation between the experimental voltage‐current polarization and the optimal achieved results by the model based on FO‐WOA. The method is validated by considering two practical case studies, which are the Nexa PEMFC and 250 W PEM system, and its achievements are put in comparison with some approaches to indicate the higher effectiveness of the proposed method toward the others. The experimental results on the Nexa PEMFC indicate that the proposed FO‐WOA‐based method with 12 sum square errors (SSE) provided the minimum error toward the other. Also, the experiments on the 250 W PEM Stack indicated that for 250 W PEM Stack with 3/5 bar and 80°C, the proposed method with 0.01 SSE provides the fittest profile with the experimental data, and finally, the experiments on the same stack with 3/5 bar and 80°C showed the higher accuracy of the proposed method with the least SSE value (0.16) toward the others.
Observations of the incipient and penultimate stages of Holocene marine terrace development
Authors: Dickson Mark E. , Omidiji Jokotola , Litchfield Nicola J. , Norton Kevin P. , Matsumoto Hironori , Krier‐Mariani Raphael L. , Horton Sophie L. , Acharya‐Chowdhury Lovleen , McLean Aidan D. , Hurst Martin D. , Stephenson Wayne J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlights of Holocene marine terraces are useful for reconstructing past earthquakes, but coastal erosion can remove terraces from the landscape, potentially leading to incorrect estimates of earthquake magnitude and frequency. Relatively little effort has been afforded to studying terrace erosion processes, and this paper presents the first field evidence that we are aware of documenting terrace erosion rates. Two case studies from New Zealand provide a unique opportunity to observe the beginning and end phases of terrace development. We present downwear and backwear erosion measurements, showing that both sets of processes are important. Micro‐erosion meter measurements from Kaikōura Peninsula, South Island, confirm that downwear processes are modifying new marine terraces that were created when the peninsula was uplifted about 1 m during the 2016 earthquake. Erosion rates were high immediately following uplift as the relatively barren intertidal rock shore platform rapidly transformed into an incipient marine terrace with cover deposits. However, the Kaikōura earthquake uplifted shore platforms only a small distance above the upper tidal limit and ongoing downwear and backwear erosion may begin to remove parts of this terrace in future decades. We explored this prospect with a case study at Māhia Peninsula, North Island, where 100–300 years have elapsed since the last terrace‐forming earthquake. Historical photographs were used to document about 80 years of backwear erosion. Terrace erosion rates have been nearly constant through this period, and extrapolation implies that the terrace will be removed in places by 2030. The erosion data in this paper provide new insights into how terraces can be removed from the landscape, but there are many complicating factors. To help understand these factors we present a new conceptual model of marine terrace creation and destruction for soft‐rock coasts.
A study on Li‐ion battery and supercapacitor design for hybrid energy storage systems
Authors: Çorapsiz Muhammed Reşit , Kahveci Hakan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses a generic design of lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries and supercapacitors, which are important sources for energy storage systems (ESS). The main contribution of this study is to compare the available and experimental models for batteries and supercapacitors operating under continuous charge or discharge conditions. Even though the available models show similar behavior to the experimental ones in short‐term or pulsed discharge conditions, this situation may be different in continuous discharge conditions. For this purpose, the optimal electrical equivalent circuits of energy storage devices were constituted and modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Then, the electrical equivalent circuit parameters were approximately calculated with the help of dynamic equations. Finally, the model parameters were estimated using Nonlinear Least Squares Method (NLSM) and Trust Region Reflective Algorithm (TRRA). When the obtained results were evaluated together, it has been observed that the electrical equivalent circuit models (EECM) more accurately reveal the transient and steady states of energy storage devices compared to the available models, especially under continuous discharge conditions.
Volatilization Potential of Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances from Airfield Pavements and during Recycling of Asphalt
Authors: Bastow Trevor P. , Douglas Grant B. , Davis Greg B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water are typically present in their ionic (nonvolatile) forms; however, these can transition to their nonionic (volatile) forms when in contact with organic solvents and organic matrices. In particular, when PFAS are dissolved in organic solvents such as residues left from firefighting foams, fuels, and bitumen present in asphalt, the equilibrium between ionic and nonionic forms can trend toward more volatile nonionic forms of PFAS. We assessed the volatility of common PFAS based on calculated and available experimental data across ambient temperature ranges experienced by airfield pavements and at elevated temperatures associated with reworking asphalts for reuse. Volatilities are shown to be comparable to hydrocarbons in the semivolatile range, suggesting that volatilization is a viable loss mechanism for some PFAS that are nonvolatile in water. The present study points to future investigative needs for this unexplored mass loss mechanism and potential exposure pathway. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2202–2208. © 2022 Commonwealth of Australia. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Cryopolymerization‐enabled self‐wrinkled polyaniline‐based hydrogels for highly stretchable all‐in‐one supercapacitors
Authors: Song Hui , Wang Yufeng , Fei Qingyang , Nguyen Dai Hai , Zhang Chao , Liu Tianxi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConductive polymer hydrogels are attractive due to their combination of high theoretical capacitance, intrinsic electrical conductivity, fast ion transport, and high flexibility for supercapacitor electrodes. However, it is challenging to integrate conductive polymer hydrogels into an all‐in‐one supercapacitor (A‐SC) simultaneously with large stretchability and superior energy density. Here, a self‐wrinkled polyaniline (PANI)‐based composite hydrogel (SPCH) with an electrolytic hydrogel and a PANI composite hydrogel as the core and sheath, respectively, was prepared through a stretching/cryopolymerization/releasing strategy. The self‐wrinkled PANI‐based hydrogel exhibited large stretchability (∼970%) and high fatigue resistance (∼100% retention of tensile strength after 1200 cycles at a 200% strain) ascribing to the formation of the self‐wrinkled surfaces and the intrinsic stretchability of hydrogels. Upon cutting off the edge connections, the SPCH could directly work as an intrinsically stretchable A‐SC maintaining high energy density (70 µW h cm−2) and stable electrochemical outputs under a stretchability of 500% strain and a full‐scale bending of 180°. After 1000 cycles of 100% strain stretching and releasing processes, the A‐SC device could deliver highly stable outputs with high capacitance retention of 92%. This study might provide a straightforward method for fabricating self‐wrinkled conductive polymer‐based hydrogels for A‐SCs with highly deformation‐tolerant energy storage.
Ranking of transarterial and targeted therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of immuno‐oncology: A network meta‐analysis of randomized sorafenib‐controlled trials
Authors: An Jihyun , Han Seungbong , Kim Ha Il , Shim Ju Hyun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To date, no studies have compared the new first‐line atezolizumab+bevacizumab with transarterial therapies combined with the prior standard‐of‐care, sorafenib, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We compared and ranked all relevant transarterial and targeted treatments competing with atezolizumab+bevacizumab for such disease, based on direct and indirect evidence. This network meta‐analysis was conducted as a systematic review of phase 2 and 3 randomized sorafenib‐controlled trials investigating systemic treatment strategies for HCCs unsuitable for or that progressed after surgery or locoregional treatments as first‐line option published between 2008 and 2021. We ranked the treatments based on overall survival (OS) as the primary outcome, together with progression‐free survival (PFS) and grade 3–4 adverse events. Subgroup analyses were also implemented to estimate intervention efficacies in particular groups. We identified 3451 publications, 15 trials consisting of 7158 patients, using 14 different therapies including combinations of sorafenib with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), hepatic arterial chemoinfusion, and radioembolization. Regarding OS, atezolizumab+bevacizumab was the only regimen significantly superior to sorafenib (hazard ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–0.70), and it ranked first. This combination was also the best in the PFS analysis (0.59; 0.47–0.74), followed by lenvatinib (0.66; 0.57–0.76) and TACE+sorafenib (0.73; 0.59–0.91); all had significantly better outcomes than sorafenib alone. TACE+sorafenib (0.52; 0.27–1.00) was ranked first based on OS in a subset with portal invasion, but not in the metastatic series, with atezolizumab+bevacizumab second (0.58; 0.38–0.89). Lenvatinib (odds ratio 1.76; 95% CI 1.35–2.30) and TACE+sorafenib (2.02; 1.23–3.32), but not atezolizumab+bevacizumab (1.38; 0.93–2.05), were significantly less safe than sorafenib monotherapy. Conclusion: Our results indicate that atezolizumab+bevacizumab is the best first‐line clinically relevant systemic modality in advanced HCC. TACE+sorafenib may also be considered for the disease with portal invasion. (PROSPERO No. CRD42021250701).
Examining the role of sex on the benefits of muscle‐strengthening activities for people living with obesity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad , Sénéchal Martin , Dombrowski Stephan U. , Meister Daniel , Bouchard Danielle R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the correlations between meeting the muscle‐strengthening activities guideline, body fat %, and mortality for individuals living with obesity and to explore if these correlations are moderated by sex.MethodsData from 3915 adults ‎(51.9% women; 48.1% men‎) living with obesity (body fat % ≥25 for men and ≥35 for women) from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003‐04/2005‐06) were analyzed. Muscle‐strengthening activities were self‐reported via a questionnaire, body fat % was measured via Dual Energy X‐ray, and mortality was obtained via administrative data for an average of 10 years.Results18.7% of men and 15.2% of women living with obesity met the muscle‐strengthening activities guideline (p = 0.021)‎. Sex was correlated with body fat %; (β (SE)= 11.34 (0.18); p ≤ 0.001) and risk of mortality (hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.36 (0.24–0.54); p ≤ 0.001), once adjusted for confounders (weekly aerobic activities, ethnicity, education, household income, smoking, and the sum of chronic conditions). The interaction between sex and meeting the muscle‐strengthening activities guideline was not significantly correlated with the studied outcomes.ConclusionPerforming muscle‐strengthening activities a minimum of two times per week does not impact body fat % or risk of mortality (over 10 years) differently in men or women living with obesity.
The impact of theory of mind and executive function on math and reading abilities: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kloo Daniela , Osterhaus Christopher , Kristen‐Antonow Susanne , Sodian Beate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBoth theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning have been related to children's academic abilities. In a longitudinal study with 112 children, we investigated the influence of these two abilities on children's math and reading performance at 7 years of age. We found that math performance was predicted by concurrent working memory as well as by preschool numerical abilities and ToM. Reading performance was predicted by concurrent working memory and verbal IQ at 6 years. This corroborates earlier research demonstrating the importance of executive functioning (working memory) and ToM for later academic abilities. We argue that ToM may be an important developmental precursor of math performance because both require an understanding of representations.
A painless way to customize Circos plot: From data preparation to visualization using TBtools
Authors: Chen Chengjie , Wu Ya , Xia Rui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCircos plots enable scientists to easily inspect big biological data genome‐widely on a macroscopic scale, but cumbersome preparation of input data and complex parameter configuration limits its application. We have developed the “Advanced Circos” function in TBtools, to provide a simple way to construct Circos plots. As an out‐of‐the‐box combo toolkit, TBtools has integrated a set of functions convenient for input data preparation. The “Advanced Circos” function is supplied with a user‐friendly interface for the customization of parameter settings and can be deployed to visualize all kinds of genomic data, such as genomic associations, alignment data, gene density, and QTL locations. In the present article, we introduce the main features of “Advance Circos” and the protocols of upstream data preparation, aiming to endow more users with the ability to use Circos plots in big genomic data exploration.
Within‐ and between‐patients associations between self‐efficacy, outcome expectation, and symptom change in cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Vîslă Andreea , Allemand Mathias , Flückiger Christoph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is limited information on how a change in patients' expectations over time results in symptom change in psychotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the changes in patients' expectations and symptoms during treatment and across follow‐up as well as to determine the within‐ and between‐patient relationships between two types of patient expectations, that is, self‐efficacy and outcome expectation, and symptom change.MethodsParticipants (80 participants × 6 repeated measures; 480 observations) with generalized anxiety disorder were treated using cognitive behavioral therapy and the within‐ and between‐patient scores of self‐efficacy and outcome expectation were evaluated in multilevel models as predictors of symptom change.ResultsPatients' self‐efficacy and outcome expectation increased, whereas severity of their symptoms reduced during and after treatment. At the within‐patient (WP) level, an increase in self‐efficacy was associated with a decrease in worry and depressive symptoms, and an increase in outcome expectation was associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. The between‐patient (BP) effect, however, was contrary to the WP effect, that is, self‐efficacy was positively correlated with worry and outcome expectation was positively correlated with depressive symptomsConclusionThese results highlight the importance of disaggregating the WP variability from BP variability in psychotherapy process–outcome research as they exhibit different associations at the within‐ and between‐patient levels. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03079336).
Burnout assessment among academic dental staff during COVID‐19: Data from Arab countries
Authors: Alsaggaf Arwa U. , Bustani Mohammad , Abid Mushriq , Hakeem Faisal F. , Abed Hassan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectiveThis study aimed to identify factors that were associated with high burnout and investigate the prevalence of burnout among academic dental staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodA cross‐sectional online survey was carried out among academic dentists who are working in multiple dental schools in Arab countries. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to assess participants’ work‐related burnout. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors that increase the risk of burnout among academic dentists.ResultsOf the 254 participants who took part in the study, 141 were males (55.5%). The average age of the participants in the study was 42.1 years (standard deviation = 10.0). The prevalence of burnout among participants was 44.9% (n = 114). Using a fully adjusted logistic regression model, age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.09, p = 0.008) and gender (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.94, p = 0.03) were significant variables associated with high overall burnout. Female individuals had a substantially reduced risk of experiencing high personal burnout than male participants (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32–0.98, p = 0.043) in the personal burnout subdomain. While in the patient's burnout subdomain, age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08, p = 0.048), type of speciality (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.02–5.83, p = 0.044), and teaching place (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.21–5.11, p = 0.013) were associated with higher burnout.ConclusionThis study concluded that gender and age are characteristics that increase the risk of higher burnout among academic dentists during the COVID‐19 pandemic.