bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic testing for mitochondrial disease: the United Kingdom best practice guidelines
Authors: Mavraki Eleni , Labrum Robyn , Sergeant Kate , Alston Charlotte L. , Woodward Cathy , Smith Conrad , Knowles Charlotte V. Y. , Patel Yogen , Hodsdon Philip , Baines Jack P. , Blakely Emma L. , Polke James , Taylor Robert W. , Fratter Carl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrimary mitochondrial disease describes a diverse group of neuro-metabolic disorders characterised by impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Diagnosis is challenging; >350 genes, both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded, are known to cause mitochondrial disease, leading to all possible inheritance patterns and further complicated by heteroplasmy of the multicopy mitochondrial genome. Technological advances, particularly next-generation sequencing, have driven a shift in diagnostic practice from ‘biopsy first’ to genome-wide analyses of blood and/or urine DNA. This has led to the need for a reference framework for laboratories involved in mitochondrial genetic testing to facilitate a consistent high-quality service. In the United Kingdom, consensus guidelines have been prepared by a working group of Clinical Scientists from the NHS Highly Specialised Service followed by national laboratory consultation. These guidelines summarise current recommended technologies and methodologies for the analysis of mtDNA and nuclear-encoded genes in patients with suspected mitochondrial disease. Genetic testing strategies for diagnosis, family testing and reproductive options including prenatal diagnosis are outlined. Importantly, recommendations for the minimum levels of mtDNA testing for the most common referral reasons are included, as well as guidance on appropriate referrals and information on the minimal appropriate gene content of panels when analysing nuclear mitochondrial genes. Finally, variant interpretation and recommendations for reporting of results are discussed, focussing particularly on the challenges of interpreting and reporting mtDNA variants.
A novel knowledge extraction method based on deep learning in fruit domain
Authors: Liu Xinliang , Ma Lei , Mao Tingyu , Zhang Mengqi , Li Yong , Ren Yanzhao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKnowledge extraction aims to identify entities and extract relations between them from unstructured text, which are in the form of triplets. Analysis of the fruit nutrition domain corpus revealed many overlapping triplets, that is, multiple correspondences between a subject and multiple objects or the same subject and object. The current relevant methods mainly target the extraction of ordinary triplets, which cannot accurately identify overlapping triplets. To solve this problem, a deep learning based model for overlapping triplet extraction is proposed in this study. The relation is modeled as a function that maps a subject to an object. The hybrid information of the subject is entered into the relation-object extraction model to detect the object and relation. The experimental results show this model outperforms existing extraction models and achieves state-of-the-art performance on the manually labeled fruit nutrition domain dataset. In terms of application value, the proposed work can obtain a high-quality and structured fruit nutrition knowledge base, which provides application fundamentals for downstream applications of nutrition matching.
Practice-Based Coaching for Speech-Language Pathologists Supporting Paraeducators and Speech-Language Pathology Assistants
Authors: Dennis Lindsay R. , Farquharson Kelly , Reed Anne C. , Summy Rebecca , Clark Kimberline G. , Westmoreland Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
This tutorial is designed for speech-language pathologists who supervise speech-language pathology assistants (SLP-As) and/ or paraeducators. SLP-As and paraeducators often support young children with disabilities within early childhood settings, but do not always have access to professional development to learn and/or enhance their skill set. Practice-based coaching (PBC) provides a collaborative framework under which professionals can effectively implement instructional strategies with fidelity to support preschool children with language delays.

Conclusions:
In this tutorial, we will share the components of PBC including implementation materials that can be immediately utilized by SLPs. We will also share methods for embedding effective vocabulary instruction into shared book reading sessions to ensure early literacy instruction is more accessible to learners with varying educational needs.
HIF-PH-Inhibitoren in der Therapie der renalen Anämie
Authors: Schröppel Bernd 
Published: December 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie bisherige Standardbehandlung der renalen Anämie umfasst die Sicherstellung ausreichender Eisenspeicher und die Verabreichung von Erythropoetin-Stimulanzien (ESA). Eine medikamentöse Alternative zu ESA sind nun Wirkstoffe, die HIF-PH (HIF: Hypoxie induzierbarer Faktor; PH: Prolylhydroxylasen) inhibieren. Denn Prolylhydroxylasen vermitteln den sauerstoffabhängigen Abbau von HIF und regulieren so die zelluläre Antwort auf Hypoxie in der Anämie und eine Reihe anderer chronischer Erkrankungen. HIF-PH-Inibitoren (HIF-PHI) sind eine neue Klasse oraler Medikamente, die HIF aktivieren und durch mehrere Mechanismen die Erythropoese steigern. HIF-PHI erhöhen nicht nur die Produktion von Erythropoetin und optimieren den Eisenmetabolismus, sondern besitzen durch die Vielzahl an HIF-regulierten Genen weitere zielgerichtete Wirkungen. Basierend auf den Daten zur Korrektur der renalen Anämie und zur Sicherheit bei dialysepflichtigen und nichtdialysepflichtigen Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“) ist diese neue Wirkstoffklasse eine Alternative zu ESA. Die Europäische Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) hat Roxadustat im August 2021 für die klinische Anwendung in der Europäischen Union zugelassen.
Electrochemical Synthesis of 3-Sulfonylindoles via Annulation of o-Alkynylanilines with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Huang Shenlin , Jiang Ping , Liu Rui , Meng Xiangtai , Zheng Binnan , Zheng Yu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn electrochemical method to synthesize 3-sulfonylindoles from o-alkynylanilines and sodium sulfinates is disclosed. Featuring external oxidant-free, transition metal-free, and mild conditions, this sustainable approach tolerates a wide range of functional groups. Mechanistic studies are presented, revealing that (E)-bis(sulfonyl)stilbenes appear to be the key intermediates in this transformation.
The ionic and ground states of gamma-pyrone. The photoionization spectrum studied by synchrotron radiation and interpreted by configuration interaction and density functional calculations
Authors: Palmer Michael H. , Coreno Marcello , de Simone Monica , Grazioli Cesare , Jones Nykola C. , Hoffmann Søren Vrønning , Aitken R. Alan , Sonecha Dheirya K. 
Published: December 2022

A synchrotron-based photoionization spectrum up to 27 eV represents a considerable improvement in resolution over early He(I) and He(II) spectra. Symmetry-adapted coupled cluster calculations of the ionic state sequence give the sequence of state vertical ionization energies (VIE) as 12B2 &lt; 12B1 &lt; 12A2 &lt; 22B1 &lt; 12A1. Generally, these symmetry-adapted cluster configuration interactions VIE match reasonably well with the experimental spectrum over this wide energy range. Density functional calculations of the corresponding adiabatic terms (AIE) were also performed. Higher energy ionic states were determined by complete active space self-consistent field methods; these include all π-ionizations and some σ-ionic states. These were analyzed by Franck–Condon (FC) procedures and compared with an experiment. The spectral onset is complex, where two states, later shown to be the 12B2 and 12B1 states, are strongly overlapping. The superposition of the FC vibrational structure in the 12B2 and 12B1 states accounts for most of the peaks arising at the onset of the photoelectron spectra. However, the small separation between these two ionic states makes vibronic interaction fairly inevitable. In the absence of Herzberg–Teller analyses for ionic states, we have sought and determined a transition state between the 12B2 and 12B1 states, showing that vibronic coupling does occur. The lack of degradation in the vibrational envelope of the higher of the two states contrasts with our previous work on the halogenobenzenes, where overlapping state envelopes led to considerable widening of the line width at half-height of the higher energy states.
Superconducting phase transition reveals an electromagnetic coupling to a scalar field potential that generates mechanical work
Authors: Gibbons Mark 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pressure-induced, spontaneous diamagnetism associated with critical behaviour is determined experimentally in a polar dielectric fluid containing nanoscale, clathrate hydrate cage structures. As with Type II superconductivity, Abrikosov vortices come to penetrate the external diamagnetic field such that it reduces to zero for particular values of the magnet flux. The external magnetic field is thus revealed to be the order parameter that signifies a phase transition between Type II superconducting behaviour and a dual of Type I superconducting behaviour. This phase transition is described by a distinctive universality class of critical exponents. The Abrikosov vortices are interpreted as effective magnetic monopole defects associated with the non-equilibrium, geometrically frustrated system. The magnitude of the spontaneous Type I response is consistent with exponential coupling of the spontaneous magnetism with an external scalar field potential made accessible through inertia and hyperbolic geometry. Under this interpretation, magnetic monopole defects act as inhomogeneous nucleation sites able to expand or contract the volume of the system in an analogue of cosmological inflation. The quantum vacuum origin of the scalar field is held responsible for the resulting mechanical work, so representing a potentially unlimited source of zero-emissions energy.
3D conductive iron fluoride (III) cathode with high loading for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Qinting , Li Xifei , Li Jun , Wang Jingjing , Cao Guiqiang , Duan Ruixian , Zhang Zheng , Cao Yanyan , Li Wenbin , Hu Junhua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The conversion-typed FeF3 cathode, while having high theoretical capacities, suffers seriously from low intrinsic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and side reactions in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In particular, composites with high loading FeF3 show poor cycling performance. This paper proposes an effective strategy for nanoconfinement in the 3D conductive matrix to address the aforementioned challenges of FeF3. FeF3 nanoparticles are only 10–50 nm due to being nanoconfined. The loading of the composite is as high as 81.89%, which is the highest compared to other composites reported previously. The prepared iron fluoride-carbon nanofiber composites offer high reversible capacities of as high as 313 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Moreover, it shows an enhanced cycle stability of 88.4% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the 3D conductive network as well as the nanoconfinement of FeF3, which achieve a good capacitance-controlled process by accelerating electron transport while shortening the ion transport path. It is believed that this work provides an efficacious strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of conversion-typed metal fluoride cathodes for LIBs.
Dual band symmetry-protected terahertz bound states in the continuum inside the spoof localized surface plasmon induced-transparency windows
Authors: Du Mingjie , Zhao Zhenyu , Qin Hua , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Sriram Sharath 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new phenomenon of dual band symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum (BIC) is revealed inside the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) windows. A metasurface of circular periodically grooved cavity integrated with a complimentary symmetric double-gap split-ring resonator (DSRR) is employed. Intrinsic spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) interferes destructively with dipole oscillation of DSRR. A PIT phenomenon is generated between the two bright side-modes (ν
1 = 0.49 THz, ν
2 = 0.79 THz) when the metasurface is in C
2v
symmetry. The displacement of upper-gap (while keeping the lower gap fixed) of DSRR results in three dark modes inside the frequency range of induced transparency windows, two of which are quasi-BIC. At a relatively low degree of asymmetry, one anapole dark mode ν
3 = 0.55 THz dominate quasi-BIC I and another magnetic dipole coupled quadrupole dark mode ν
4 = 0.75 THz dominates quasi-BIC II. At a relatively larger degree of asymmetry, one more dark mode ν
5 = 0.75 THz occurs in the frequency spectra as is a tilted SLSP intrinsic mode. Since the dark mode ν
5 is not sensitive to the asymmetric displacement of DRSS. A coupled five oscillators’ model reveal that coupling strength with free space and the damping ratios are attributed to the asymmetry of the structure. The leaky channels of both BICs have a much lower damping ratio than the bright side-mode of PIT. The coupling coefficients indicate that quasi-BIC I is affiliated to the lower frequency bright side-mode ν
1, and quasi-BIC II is affiliated to the higher frequency bright side-mode ν
2. The measured Q factors fit well with the relation function of geometric asymmetry, among which the maximum Q factor measured of the quasi-BIC-II exceeds 20. The realization of above results paves a new way to achieve dual band terahertz quasi-BIC by tuning SLSP-induced transparency window. This provides a feasible solution for the design of multi-band terahertz thin-film sensors.
Irreversible switching of vortex core in Pac-man nanodisks induced by rotating magnetic fields
Authors: Xu Min , Jiang Guiqian , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhang Jinyu , Hu Changjing , Chen Wenlong , Chen Yuliang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Vortex has attracted great attention recently due to its potential applications in information storage, nano-oscillators and logic devices. The control of vortex polarity is key to the devices based on vortex. In this paper, an irreversible vortex core (VC) switching in Pac-man disks has been investigated by micromagnetic simulations. The switching process is closely related to the evolution of energy densities and there is a sharp peak in the local exchange energy density when VC switching occurs. Irreversible switching of VC can be realized due to the weak interaction between reversed vortex and rotating magnetic field. In the process of VC reversal, the positive and negative magnetization regions of the gyrofield are separated. Moreover, the switching time of VC decreases monotonously with frequency under rotating magnetic fields. When one direction of the rotating magnetic field is turned off, the difference in switching time is attributed to the different motion behaviors of vortex. This work benefits the potential storage applications in vortex-based spintronic devices.
Plane wave implementation of the magnetic force theorem for magnetic exchange constants: application to bulk Fe, Co and Ni
Authors: Durhuus Frederik L , Skovhus Thorbjørn , Olsen Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a plane wave implementation of the magnetic force theorem, which provides a first principles framework for extracting exchange constants parameterizing a classical Heisenberg model description of magnetic materials. It is shown that the full microscopic exchange tensor may be expressed in terms of the static Kohn–Sham susceptibility tensor and the exchange-correlation magnetic field. This formulation allows one to define arbitrary magnetic sites localized to predefined spatial regions, hence rendering the problem of finding Heisenberg parameters independent of any orbital decomposition of the problem. The susceptibility is calculated in a plane wave basis, which allows for systematic convergence with respect to unoccupied bands and spatial representation. We then apply the method to the well-studied problem of calculating adiabatic spin wave spectra for bulk Fe, Co and Ni, finding good agreement with previous calculations. In particular, we utilize the freedom of defining magnetic sites to show that the calculated Heisenberg parameters are robust towards changes in the definition of magnetic sites. This demonstrates that the magnetic sites can be regarded as well-defined and thus asserts the relevance of the Heisenberg model description despite the itinerant nature of the magnetic state.
A highly scalable and autonomous spectroscopic radiation mapping system with resilient IoT detector units for dosimetry, safety and security
Authors: Russell-Pavier Frederick S , Kaluvan Suresh , Megson-Smith David , Connor Dean T , Fearn Samuel J , Connolly Euan L , Scott Thomas B , Martin Peter G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Technologies utilizing radiological materials across power generation, defence, industry, research and medicine have increased the global inventory of highly active and hazardous materials. Consequently, an amplified threat exists of illicitly obtained materials being used as part of hostile acts. The potential for intentional releases occurs alongside risks from natural disasters or facility accidents. In any such event, it is crucial to rapidly assess the release composition and extent of response and remediation activities. Therefore, the deployment of an effective, resilient and autonomous radiation monitoring network is pivotal both during and after an incident. Underpinning this assessment is a detailed understanding of the pre-event or background, radiation levels, the knowledge of which is also essential in assessing a population’s dosimetric exposure to, and impact from anthropogenic and naturally occurring/varying sources of ionizing radiation. Presented here is a fully operational cloud-based spectroscopic radiation mapping platform comprising IoT modules compatible with cellular networks, without modification, in over 180 countries. Combined with locally roaming vehicles, a continuous multi-pass radiological characterization of an urban environment was performed. Such IoT devices are deployable as either individual sensors for specific localized temporal events or integrated over a greater time period (and area) to represent a larger static sensor. Over several months of continued operation, more than 1000 000 individual location-referenced gamma-ray spectra were collected and securely uploaded, in real-time, to an online cloud database and automatically characterized via a custom multi-step workflow. Fine-scale local variations in the radiological fingerprint of a 1 km × 1 km urban area were subsequently rendered in near-real-time to an interactive secure online graphical dashboard for temporal, spatial and spectral interrogation by the user. Considerations for the automated ‘elastic’ handling of ever-expanding volumes of input data have been carried out, facilitating propagation and expansion of the system’s database without human input.
Conversion of underwater concrete images to air in detection of hydraulic structures
Authors: Lin Haitao , Zhang Hua , Li Yonglong , Li Linjing , Huo Jianwen , Chen Bo , Zhou Huaifang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Taking underwater concrete images with an optical camera is an important measure for underwater defect detection. However, the underwater low-light environment and light refraction on the surface of different media result in poor image quality. In order to make the collected underwater images effectively reflect the real situation of underwater concrete defects, we propose an image conversion algorithm combining underwater image color enhancement and refraction distortion correction, which can convert underwater images into aerial equivalent images. In this paper, two conversion models of underwater image to air conversion are proposed, one of which models the refractive distortion of the underwater multilayered media through the ray projection method to correct the refractive distortion of underwater images and image field of view (FOV) conversion. The other is that by analyzing the problem of low image-imaging quality and loss of edge information due to the uneven illumination environment underwater, we process the dark channel priority adaptive enhancement algorithm to improve underwater image quality. The experimental results from real scenes show that the imaging quality of underwater images is improved by converting underwater images to air. The pixel error of images converted into the air is ⩽1 pixel, and the FOV error of images is ⩽8.5%. The high-precision underwater image conversion provides strong support for subsequent underwater measurement.
A gamma radiation scene image clarification method based on spatiotemporal combination
Authors: Deng Hao , Zhao Hao , Zhang Hua , Zhao Junqin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For the problems of complex noise and color cast in the images captured by complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensors in the gamma radiation environment, this paper proposed a joint temporal correlation denoising and color cast correction approach for the gamma radiation scene image clarification. Concretely, we first adaptively stretch the difference between noise and background to improve the salience of weak noise, making noise detection results more accurate. Secondly, the temporal transient characteristics of gamma radiation noise are utilized for noise detection, and these noisy pixels are repaired by exploiting the temporal correlation characteristics of background pixels. Lastly, the Bayer-Guided auto white balance method is proposed to solve the problem of dysregulated color in the gamma radiation scene image, and the color level remapping approach is applied to eliminate the problem of insufficient dynamic range. Extensive experiments are carried out on the images captured from the Co60 gamma radiation scene. Compared with the source images, our method improves the peak signal to noise ratio by 6.3(dB) and structural similarity by 0.34. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enjoys state-of-the-art performance in improving the clarity of gamma radiation scene images.
Machine learning-assisted modelling of stress concentration factor of unidirectional fiber composites for predicting their tensile strength
Authors: Choi Jae-Hyuk , Na Wonjin , Yu Woong-Ryeol 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Significant variations in the tensile strength of unidirectional (UD) fiber-reinforced composites are frequently observed due to randomness in the fiber arrays. Herein, we propose a novel method for predicting tensile strength capable of quantifying uncertainty based on a new recurrence relation for fiber fracture propagation and a determination algorithm for the fracture sequence for random fiber arrays (RFAs). We performed finite element simulations, calculating the stress concentration factor (SCF) for UD composites with various RFAs. Then, we trained an artificial neural network with the obtained SCF data and used it to predict the SCF for composites with an arbitrary RFA. The tensile strength of UD composites was predicted over a range of values, demonstrating that accuracy was superior to conventional prediction methods.