bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Electronic Transitions in Liquid FeO Under High Pressure
Authors: Morard Guillaume , Antonangeli Daniele , Bouchet Johann , Rivoldini Attilio , Boccato Silvia , Miozzi Francesca , Boulard Eglantine , Bureau Hélène , Mezouar Mohamed , Prescher Clemens , Chariton Stella , Greenberg Eran 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFeO represents an important end‐member for planetary interiors mineralogy. However, its properties in the liquid state under high pressure are poorly constrained. Here, in situ high‐pressure and high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction experiments, ab initio simulations, and thermodynamic calculations are combined to study the local structure and density evolution of liquid FeO under extreme conditions. Our results highlight a strong shortening of the Fe‐Fe distance, particularly pronounced between ambient pressure and ∼40 GPa, possibly related with the insulator to metal transition occurring in solid FeO over a similar pressure range. Liquid density is smoothly evolving between 60 and 150 GPa from values calculated for magnetic liquid to those calculated for non‐magnetic liquid, compatibly with a continuous spin crossover in liquid FeO. The present findings support the potential decorrelation between insulator/metal transition and the high‐spin to low‐spin continuous transition, and relate the changes in the microscopic structure with macroscopic properties, such as the closure of the Fe‐FeO miscibility gap. Finally, these results are used to construct a parameterized thermal equation of state for liquid FeO providing densities up to pressure and temperature conditions expected at the Earth's core‐mantle boundary.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31)
Authors: Ishikawa Kinya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31) is one of the most common forms of autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia in Japan. SCA31 has a strong founder effect, which is consistent with the fact that this disease is basically absent in other ethnicities. After searching the entire founder region of a 2-megabase (Mb), we finally identified a 2.5 to 3.8 kb-long complex penta-nucleotide repeat containing (TGGAA)n, (TAGAA)n, (TAAAA)n and (TAAAATAGAA)n as the only genetic change segregating SCA31 individuals from normal people. Furthermore, (TGGAA)n was isolated as the only repeat explaining the pathogenesis because other repeats were encountered in control Japanese. From the genomic point of view, the complex penta-nucleotide repeat lies in an intronic segment shared by two genes, BEAN1 (brain expressed, associated with Nedd4) and TK2 (thymidine kinase 2) transcribed in mutually opposite directions. While TK2 is ubiquitously expressed, BEAN1 is transcribed only in the brain. Thus, the complex repeat is bi-directionally transcribed exclusively in the brain, as two independent non-coding repeats. Furthermore, the complex repeat containing (UGGAA)n was found to form abnormal RNA structures, called RNA foci, in cerebellar Purkinje cell nuclei of SCA31 patients’ brains. Subsequent investigation by over-expressing (UGGAA)n in Drosophila revealed that the RNA containing (UGGAA)n exerts toxicity in a length- and expression level-dependent manner, whereas its toxicity could be dampened by (UGGAA)n-binding proteins, TDP-43, FUS and hnRNP A2/B1. It seems rational to formulate a treatment strategy through enhancing the role of RNA-binding proteins against (UGGAA)n-toxicity in SCA31.
An Fc variant with two mutations confers prolonged serum half-life and enhanced effector functions on IgG antibodies
Authors: Ko Sanghwan , Park Sora , Sohn Myung Ho , Jo Migyeong , Ko Byoung Joon , Na Jung-Hyun , Yoo Hojin , Jeong Ae Lee , Ha Kyungsoo , Woo Ju Rang , Lim Chungsu , Shin Jung Hyu , Lee Dohyun , Choi So-Young , Jung Sang Taek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe pH-selective interaction between the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) and the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is critical for prolonging the circulating half-lives of IgG molecules through intracellular trafficking and recycling. By using directed evolution, we successfully identified Fc mutations that improve the pH-dependent binding of human FcRn and prolong the serum persistence of a model IgG antibody and an Fc-fusion protein. Strikingly, trastuzumab-PFc29 and aflibercept-PFc29, a model therapeutic IgG antibody and an Fc-fusion protein, respectively, when combined with our engineered Fc (Q311R/M428L), both exhibited significantly higher serum half-lives in human FcRn transgenic mice than their counterparts with wild-type Fc. Moreover, in a cynomolgus monkey model, trastuzumab-PFc29 displayed a superior pharmacokinetic profile to that of both trastuzumab-YTE and trastuzumab-LS, which contain the well-validated serum half-life extension Fcs YTE (M252Y/S254T/T256E) and LS (M428L/N434S), respectively. Furthermore, the introduction of two identified mutations of PFc29 (Q311R/M428L) into the model antibodies enhanced both complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity, which are triggered by the association between IgG Fc and Fc binding ligands and are critical for clearing cancer cells. In addition, the effector functions could be turned off by combining the two mutations of PFc29 with effector function-silencing mutations, but the antibodies maintained their excellent pH-dependent human FcRn binding profile. We expect our Fc variants to be an excellent tool for enhancing the pharmacokinetic profiles and potencies of various therapeutic antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins.
Impact of host age on viral and bacterial communities in a waterbird population
Authors: Hill Sarah C , François Sarah , Thézé Julien , Smith Adrian L , Simmonds Peter , Perrins Christopher M , van der Hoek Lia , Pybus Oliver G 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWildlife harbour pathogens that can harm human or livestock health and are the source of most emerging infectious diseases. It is rarely considered how changes in wildlife population age-structures or how age-stratified behaviours might alter the level of pathogen detection within a species, or risk of spillover to other species. Micro-organisms that occur in healthy animals can be an important model for understanding and predicting the dynamics of pathogens of greater health concern, which are hard to study in wild populations due to their relative rarity. We therefore used a metagenomic approach to jointly characterise viral and prokaryotic carriage in faeces collected from a healthy wild bird population (Cygnus olor; mute swan) that has been subject to long-term study. Using 223 samples from known individuals allowed us to compare differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic viral carriage between adults and juveniles at an unprecedented level of detail. We discovered and characterised 77 novel virus species, of which 21% belong putatively to bird-infecting families, and described the core prokaryotic microbiome of C. olor. Whilst no difference in microbiota diversity was observed between juveniles and adult individuals, 50% (4/8) of bird-infecting virus families (picornaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses and bornaviruses) and 3.4% (9/267) of prokaryotic families (including Helicobacteraceae, Spirochaetaceae and Flavobacteriaceae families) were differentially abundant and/or prevalent between juveniles and adults. This indicates that perturbations that affect population age-structures of wildlife could alter circulation dynamics and spillover risk of microbes, potentially including pathogens.
SOCS5 knockdown suppresses metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by ameliorating HIF-1α-dependent mitochondrial damage
Authors: Luo Dingan , Wang Youpeng , Zhang Mao , Li Haoran , Zhao Deze , Li Hui , Chen Xiaowu , Jin Cheng , Han Bing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Pringle maneuver (PM) is widely used during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection. However, it inevitably leads to ischemia and hypoxia, which promotes tumor metastasis. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of specimens from 130 HCC patients revealed that long-time PM significantly affected the prognosis of patients with high expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5), but did not affect the prognosis of patients with low expression of SOCS5. The TCGA database showed that patients with high expression of SOCS5 had higher hypoxia scores, and it was proved that SOCS5 could promote the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) protein by clinical tissue samples, cell experiments, lung metastases, and subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments. Then, we used CoCl2 to construct a hypoxia model, and confirmed that SOCS5 knockdown resisted hypoxia-induced mitochondrial damage by inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration of HCC cells by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, migration, invasion, and other experiments. We performed rescue experiments using LY294002 and rapamycin and confirmed that the knockdown of SOCS5-inhibited HCC cell invasion and migration by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling axis. More importantly, we obtained consistent conclusions from clinical, cellular, and animal studies that the hypoxia-induced invasion and migration ability of SOCS5-inhibited HCC were weaker than that of normal HCC. In conclusion, we identified a novel role for SOCS5 in regulating HIF-1α-dependent mitochondrial damage and metastasis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The development of a SOCS5-specific inhibitor, an indirect inhibitor of HIF-1α, might be effective at controlling PM-induced tumor micrometastases during HCC resection.
Gut microbiome dysbiosis in antibiotic-treated COVID-19 patients is associated with microbial translocation and bacteremia
Authors: Bernard-Raichon Lucie , Venzon Mericien , Klein Jon , Axelrad Jordan E. , Zhang Chenzhen , Sullivan Alexis P. , Hussey Grant A. , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Noval Maria G. , Valero-Jimenez Ana M. , Gago Juan , Putzel Gregory , Pironti Alejandro , Wilder Evan ,   Yale IMPACT Research Team, Obaid Abeer , Lu-Culligan Alice , Nelson Allison , Brito Anderson , Nunez Angela , Martin Anjelica , Watkins Annie , Geng Bertie , Kalinich Chaney , Harden Christina , Todeasa Codruta , Jensen Cole , Kim Daniel , McDonald David , Shepard Denise , Courchaine Edward , White Elizabeth B. , Song Eric , Silva Erin , Kudo Eriko , DeIuliis Giuseppe , Rahming Harold , Park Hong-Jai , Matos Irene , Nouws Jessica , Valdez Jordan , Fauver Joseph , Lim Joseph , Rose Kadi-Ann , Anastasio Kelly , Brower Kristina , Glick Laura , Sharma Lokesh , Sewanan Lorenzo , Knaggs Lynda , Minasyan Maksym , Batsu Maria , Petrone Mary , Kuang Maxine , Nakahata Maura , Campbell Melissa , Linehan Melissa , Askenase Michael H. , Simonov Michael , Smolgovsky Mikhail , Sonnert Nicole , Naushad Nida , Vijayakumar Pavithra , Martinello Rick , Datta Rupak , Handoko Ryan , Bermejo Santos , Prophet Sarah , Bickerton Sean , Velazquez Sofia , Alpert Tara , Rice Tyler , Khoury-Hanold William , Peng Xiaohua , Yang Yexin , Cao Yiyun , Strong Yvette , Thorpe Lorna E. , Littman Dan R. , Dittmann Meike , Stapleford Kenneth A. , Shopsin Bo , Torres Victor J. , Ko Albert I. , Iwasaki Akiko , Cadwell Ken , Schluter Jonas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough microbial populations in the gut microbiome are associated with COVID-19 severity, a causal impact on patient health has not been established. Here we provide evidence that gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with translocation of bacteria into the blood during COVID-19, causing life-threatening secondary infections. We first demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 infection induces gut microbiome dysbiosis in mice, which correlated with alterations to Paneth cells and goblet cells, and markers of barrier permeability. Samples collected from 96 COVID-19 patients at two different clinical sites also revealed substantial gut microbiome dysbiosis, including blooms of opportunistic pathogenic bacterial genera known to include antimicrobial-resistant species. Analysis of blood culture results testing for secondary microbial bloodstream infections with paired microbiome data indicates that bacteria may translocate from the gut into the systemic circulation of COVID-19 patients. These results are consistent with a direct role for gut microbiome dysbiosis in enabling dangerous secondary infections during COVID-19.
Remote energy sources for mixing in the Indonesian Seas
Authors: Pang Chengyuan , Nikurashin Maxim , Pena-Molino Beatriz , Sloyan Bernadette M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe role of the Indonesian Seas in climate is attributed to the intense mixing observed throughout the region. Mixing cools the surface temperature and hence modifies the atmospheric convection centered over the region. Mixing also controls the heat exchange between the Pacific and Indian Oceans by transforming water-mass properties while they transit through the region. Mixing in the Indonesian Seas has long been identified to be driven locally by tides. Here we show that the observed mixing can also be powered by the remotely generated planetary waves and eddies. We use a regional ocean model to show that the Indonesian Seas are a sink of the energy generated in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. We estimate that 1.7 GW of the remotely generated energy enters the region across all straits. The energy flux is surface intensified and characterized by a convergence, implying dissipation and mixing, within the straits and along topography. Locally, energy convergence associated with this process is comparable in magnitude to tidal energy dissipation, which dominates the deep ocean.
Unsupervised learning of aging principles from longitudinal data
Authors: Avchaciov Konstantin , Antoch Marina P. , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Tarkhov Andrei E. , Menshikov Leonid I. , Burmistrova Olga , Gudkov Andrei V. , Fedichev Peter O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAge is the leading risk factor for prevalent diseases and death. However, the relation between age-related physiological changes and lifespan is poorly understood. We combined analytical and machine learning tools to describe the aging process in large sets of longitudinal measurements. Assuming that aging results from a dynamic instability of the organism state, we designed a deep artificial neural network, including auto-encoder and auto-regression (AR) components. The AR model tied the dynamics of physiological state with the stochastic evolution of a single variable, the “dynamic frailty indicator” (dFI). In a subset of blood tests from the Mouse Phenome Database, dFI increased exponentially and predicted the remaining lifespan. The observation of the limiting dFI was consistent with the late-life mortality deceleration. dFI changed along with hallmarks of aging, including frailty index, molecular markers of inflammation, senescent cell accumulation, and responded to life-shortening (high-fat diet) and life-extending (rapamycin) treatments.
Small molecule-assisted assembly of multifunctional ceria nanozymes for synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis
Authors: Fu Xiaoxue , Yu Xiaojuan , Jiang Junhao , Yang Jiaxin , Chen Lu , Yang Zhangyou , Yu Chao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsidering that intravascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are two characteristic features of the atherosclerotic microenvironment, developing an appropriate strategy to treat atherosclerosis by synergistically regulating ROS and inflammation has attracted widespread attention. Herein, a special molecule, zoledronic acid, containing imidazole and bisphosphonate groups, was selected for the first time to assist the assembly of cerium ions and produce functionalized ceria-zoledronic acid nanocomposites (CZ NCs). It not only serves as a new carrier for different kinds of drugs (e.g. probucol, PB) but also exerts an efficient multienzyme activity to achieve collaborative therapy. More importantly, platelet membrane-coated biomimetic nanoplatform (PCZ@PB NCs) specifically accumulate at inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions, synergistically regulate ROS levels and inflammation, and efficiently inhibit foam cell formation. This novel assembly method can also be applied in the treatment of many other diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
Janus regulation of ice growth by hyperbranched polyglycerols generating dynamic hydrogen bonding
Authors: Lee Sang Yup , Kim Minseong , Won Tae Kyung , Back Seung Hyuk , Hong Youngjoo , Kim Byeong-Su , Ahn Dong June 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new phenomenon describing the Janus effect on ice growth by hyperbranched polyglycerols, which can align the surrounding water molecules, has been identified. Even with an identical polyglycerol, we not only induced to inhibit ice growth and recrystallization, but also to promote the growth rate of ice that is more than twice that of pure water. By investigating the polymer architecture and population, we found that the stark difference in the generation of quasi-structured H2O molecules at the ice/water interface played a crucial role in the outcome of these opposite effects. Inhibition activity was induced when polymers at nearly fixed loci formed steady hydrogen bonding with the ice surface. However, the formation-and-dissociation dynamics of the interfacial hydrogen bonds, originating from and maintained by migrating polymers, resulted in an enhanced quasi-liquid layer that facilitated ice growth. Such ice growth activity is a unique property unseen in natural antifreeze proteins or their mimetic materials.
Use of a glycomics array to establish the anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoire in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Tran Paul M. H. , Dong Fran , Kim Eileen , Richardson Katherine P. , Tran Lynn K. H. , Waugh Kathleen , Hopkins Diane , Cummings Richard D. , Wang Peng George , Rewers Marian J. , She Jin-Xiong , Purohit Sharad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to protein and non-protein antigens. Here we report the identification of specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies (ACAs) that are associated with pathogenesis and progression to T1D. We compare circulatory levels of ACAs against 202 glycans in a cross-sectional cohort of T1D patients (n = 278) and healthy controls (n = 298), as well as in a longitudinal cohort (n = 112). We identify 11 clusters of ACAs associated with glycan function class. Clusters enriched for aminoglycosides, blood group A and B antigens, glycolipids, ganglio-series, and O-linked glycans are associated with progression to T1D. ACAs against gentamicin and its related structures, G418 and sisomicin, are also associated with islet autoimmunity. ACAs improve discrimination of T1D status of individuals over a model with only clinical variables and are potential biomarkers for T1D.
Biosorption removal of iron from water by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Zareh M. M. , El-Sayed Ashraf S. , El-Hady Dina M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe expulsion of iron from water is an essential issue. Exceeding iron concentrations in water, it become more toxic and cause several troubles for human health and environment. The biosorption is the upcoming mechanism to treat the iron from wastewater. Microorganisms perform an important function in the bioremediation of wastewater. This study was conducted to investigate the removal of iron by dried biomass of Aspergillus niger (A.niger). The dried A. niger was tested as a sorbent for the removal of iron from wastewater. The effects of various experimental parameters as initial iron concentration, amount of biomass, contact time and the initial pH solution were examined and optimal experimental conditions were obtained. The obtained adsorption results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations. The study showed that dried A. Niger biomass in high concentration 4 g/100 ml was found to be more effective in the removal of iron from water at pH 3 with contact time 60 min. the A. Niger successfully removed iron and has ability to be regenerated and reused in the removal process.
Non-fasting changes of Hs-CRP level in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease after a daily meal
Authors: Lin Qiu-Zhen , Zang Xue-Yan , Fu Yan , Wen Xingyu , Liu Qi-Ming , Liu Ling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a key inflammatory factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), the changes in hs-CRP levels after a daily meal and the effect of statins on those were never explored. A total of 300 inpatients with CHD were included in this study. Hs-CRP levels were measured in the fasting and non-fasting states at 2 h and 4 h after a daily breakfast. All inpatients were divided into two groups according to fasting hs-CRP ≤ 3 mg/L or not. Group with fasting hs-CRP ≤ 3 mg/L had a significantly higher percentage of patients with statins using ≥ 1 month (m) before admission than that with fasting hs-CRP > 3 mg/L (51.4% vs. 23.9%, P < 0.05). Hs-CRP levels increased significantly in the non-fasting state in two groups (P < 0.05). About 32% of patients with non-fasting hs-CRP > 3 mg/L came from those with fasting hs-CRP ≤ 3 mg/L. In conclusion, hs-CRP levels increased significantly in CHD patients after a daily meal. It suggested that the non-fasting hs-CRP level could be a better parameter to evaluate the inflammation state of CHD patients rather than fasting hs-CRP level.
Comparative hydrodynamic characterisation of two hydroxylated polymers based on α-pinene- or oleic acid-derived monomers for potential use as archaeological consolidants
Authors: Cutajar Michelle , Machado Fabricio , Cuzzucoli Crucitti Valentina , Braovac Susan , Stockman Robert A. , Howdle Steven M. , Harding Stephen E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Oseberg Viking ship burial is one of the most extensive collections of Viking wooden artefacts ever excavated in Norway. In the early twentieth century, many of these artefacts were treated with alum in order to preserve them, inadvertently leading to their current degraded state. It is therefore crucial to develop new bioinspired polymers which could be used to conserve these artefacts and prevent further disintegration. Two hydroxylated polymers were synthesised (TPA6 and TPA7), using α-pinene- and oleic acid-derived monomers functionalised with an acrylate moiety. Characterisation using biomolecular hydrodynamics (analytical ultracentrifugation and high precision viscometry) has shown that these polymers have properties which would potentially make them good wood consolidants. Conformation analyses with the viscosity increment (ν) universal hydrodynamic parameter and ELLIPS1 software showed that both polymers had extended conformations, facilitating in situ networking when applied to wood. SEDFIT-MSTAR analyses of sedimentation equilibrium data indicates a weight average molar massMwof (3.9 ± 0.8) kDa and (4.2 ± 0.2) kDa for TPA6 and TPA7 respectively. Analyses with SEDFIT (sedimentation velocity) and MultiSig however revealed that TPA7 had a much greater homogeneity and a lower proportion of aggregation. These studies suggest that both these polymers—particularly TPA7—have characteristics suitable for wood consolidation, such as an optimal molar mass, conformation and a hydroxylated nature, making them interesting leads for further research.