bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of early or conventional weaning on beef cow and calf performance in pasture or drylot environments
Authors: Jaeger John R , Preedy Garrett W , Waggoner Justin W , Harmoney Keith R , Olson K C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Performance of cows and calves during 63-d early or conventional weaning periods was evaluated. Spring-calving beef cows (n = 167) of similar age, body condition score (BCS), and body weight (BW = 599 ± 54.5 kg), and their calves (initial BW = 204 ± 26.7 kg; 153 ± 15 d of age) were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 weaning treatments: weaning at 153 d of age followed by 56 days of limit feeding in confinement (E-D), confinement of cow and calf for a 56-d period of limit feeding followed by weaning at 209 d of age (C-D), weaning at 153 d of age followed by a 56-d grazing period (E-P), and a 56-d grazing period for both cow and calf followed by weaning at 209 d of age (C-P). Cows and calves assigned to pasture treatments grazed native range pastures without supplement. Cows and calves assigned to drylot treatments were fed complete diets. Calves assigned to E-D were fed a concentrate-based diet at 2.5% of BW, whereas cows assigned to E-D were fed a forage-based diet at 1.6% of BW. Cows assigned to C-D were offered the diet fed to E-D cows at 2.0% of BW. Calf average daily gain (ADG) was influenced by diet and weaning treatments (diet × weaning, P ≤ 0.03). Cows and calves assigned to all treatments were limit fed common diets for 7 d at the end of our study to equalize gut fill. In general, calves managed in confinement and fed concentrate-based diets (i.e., E-D and C-D) had greater ADG than non-supplemented calves maintained on pasture (i.e., E-P and C-P). Cow BW and BCS change (days 0 to 63) were influenced by both diet and weaning status (P ≤ 0.05). Non-lactating cows maintained on pasture had lesser BW loss than other treatments, whereas non-lactating cows fed in confinement had lesser BCS on day 63 and greater BCS loss from days 0 to 63 than other treatments. Conversely, rump-fat depth on day 63 was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for non-lactating cows maintained on pasture than for lactating cows in either pasture or drylot environments. Similarly, change in rump-fat depth was greatest (diet × weaning, P &lt; 0.01) for non-lactating cows on pasture and least for lactating cows in either pasture or drylot environments. Results were interpreted to indicate that early-weaning spared cow BW and rump fat compared to weaning at conventional ages. Performance of cows appeared to be similar when limit-fed under drylot conditions or maintained in a pasture environment. Conversely, calf performance was generally greater in confinement than on pasture.
Analysing taxi customer-search behaviour using Copula-based joint model
Authors: Huang Helai , Fang Zhenyuan , Wang Yiwei , Tang Jinjun , Fu Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The drivers of vacant taxis tend to cruise the road network searching new passengers, which leads to additional traffic congestion, air pollution and other problems. This study introduces a Copula-based joint model to analyse destination selection and route choice behaviour in the customer-search process. A multinomial logit model is used to analyse the destination selection behaviour, and a path size logit model is used to explore the routes choice behaviour. Accordingly, the joint model applied Copula function is then established to analyse the correlation between these two behaviours. The destination customer generation rate, destination distance, route customer generation rate, path travel time, cumulative intersection delay, path size and route length are selected as explanatory variables. The taxis trajectory data were collected by global positioning system in Xidan District of Beijing City from September 2014 to February 2015. Using the log-likelihood, Bayesian information criterion as evaluation indexes to measure the fitting result, the joint model applied Copula function has the highest goodness-of-fit. The effect of explanatory variables on customer search behaviour is discussed based on the parameter estimation results. The results of this study are helpful to understand the customer-search behaviour of taxi drivers to reduce operating costs and improve the efficiency of the taxi operation system.
Influencing factors analysis of helmet wearing for electric bicycle riders based on ordinal multinomial logistic model
Authors: Yuan Quan , Shi Haixu , Zhao Junwei , Li Ruimin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The helmet of riders of electric bicycles plays an important role in reducing injuries and deaths in traffic accidents. This paper conducts a questionnaire survey, data analysis and modelling to investigate the influencing factors of electric bicycle helmet wearing. First, living area, gender, age, marital status and education level are selected as independent variables for data analysis. The factor analysis divides the sentiments of electric bicyclists for wearing helmets into four aspects: safety perception, practical sensation, satisfaction perception and emergency perception, and ordinal multiple logistic models are built to analyse the influencing factors. The result shows that people aged 18−25, 26−35, 36−45 and 46−55 are 1.3, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.3 times more likely, respectively, to have at least a grade higher safety perception than those aged 56 and over; men are 0.77 times more likely than women to feel at least one grade higher about the practical perception and 1.48 times more than women about the satisfaction perception; people with primary school, junior high school, senior high school, junior college and bachelor's degree education are 1.64, 2.44, 1.50, 1.70 and 1.55 times more likely, respectively, than people with a master's degree to feel at least one grade higher about the satisfaction perception.
Sudden flow induced by mountain ridges beside windbreaks in a railway and its mitigation measures
Authors: Chen Zhengwei , Ni Yiqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The impact of a mountain ridge (MR) on the wind speed distribution and flow structures along a railway, under crosswinds beside a windbreak at attack angles of 90 ° and 105 °, is studied in this paper. Based on the observed flow field deterioration mechanism, mitigation measures are proposed and the corresponding effects are compared, from which the preferred mitigation scheme is determined. For the original MR, the wind speed coefficient U is larger than 1.2 in the range below the train height at both wind angles. With the implementation of the flow field mitigation measures, as the distance (L) increases from the MR to the windbreak, the wind speed decreases linearly for the 90 ° wind angle and quadratically for the 105 ° wind angle. When the mitigation measure with L/h = 8.1 (h is the train height) is adopted, the wind speed coefficient U fluctuates very slightly in the MR area, with −0.2&lt;U&lt;0.05 at both wind angles$.$ Therefore, L/h = 8.1 is recommended to protect the operation safety of trains travelling under strong crosswinds.
ANI analysis of poxvirus genomes reveals its potential application to viral species rank demarcation
Authors: Deng Zhaobin , Xia Xuyang , Deng Yiqi , Zhao Mingde , Gu Congwei , Geng Yi , Wang Jun , Yang Qian , He Manli , Xiao Qihai , Xiao Wudian , He Lvqin , Liang Sicheng , Xu Heng , Lü Muhan , Yu Zehui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Average nucleotide identity (ANI) is a prominent approach for rapidly classifying archaea and bacteria by recruiting both whole genomic sequences and draft assemblies. To evaluate the feasibility of ANI in virus taxon demarcation, 685 poxviruses were assessed. Prior to the analysis, the fragment length and threshold of the ANI value were optimized as 200 bp and 98 per cent, respectively. After ANI analysis and network visualization, the resulting sixty-one species (ANI species rank) were clustered and largely consistent with the groupings found in National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus [within the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Master Species List]. The species identities of thirty-four other poxviruses (excluded by the ICTV Master Species List) were also identified. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis and Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content comparison done were found to support the ANI analysis. Finally, the BLAST identity of concatenated sequences from previously identified core genes showed 91.8 per cent congruence with ANI analysis at the species rank, thus showing potential as a marker gene for poxviruses classification. Collectively, our results reveal that the ANI analysis may serve as a novel and efficient method for poxviruses demarcation.
Patient, Public, and Healthcare Professional’s Sepsis Awareness, Knowledge, and Information Seeking Behaviors: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fiest Kirsten M. , Krewulak Karla D. , Brundin-Mather Rebecca , Leia Madison P. , Fox-Robichaud Alison , Lamontagne François , Leigh Jeanna Parsons ,   for Sepsis Canada
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Sepsis awareness and understanding are important aspects of prevention, recognition, and clinical management of sepsis. We conducted a scoping review to identify and map the literature related to sepsis awareness, general knowledge, and information-seeking behaviors with a goal to inform future sepsis research and knowledge translation campaigns.

Design:
Scoping review.

Setting:
Using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework, we conducted a systematic search on May 3, 2021, across four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Education Research Complete). Title/abstract and full-text screening was done in duplicate. One researcher extracted the data for each included article, and a second researcher checked data accuracy. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YX7AU).

Subjects:
Articles related to sepsis awareness, knowledge, and information seeking behaviors among patients, public, and healthcare professionals.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 5,927 unique studies, 80 reported on patient (n = 13/80;16.3%), public (n = 15/80;18.8%), or healthcare professional (nurses, physicians, emergency medical technicians) (n = 48/80; 60%) awareness and knowledge of sepsis. Healthcare professional awareness and knowledge of sepsis is high compared with patients/public. The proportion of patients/public who had heard of the term sepsis ranged from 2% (Japan) to 88.6% (Germany). The proportions of patients/public who correctly identified the definition of sepsis ranged from 4.2% (Singapore) to 92% (Sweden). The results from the included studies appear to suggest that patient/public awareness of sepsis gradually improved over time. We found that the definition of sepsis was inconsistent in the literature and that few studies reported on patient, public, or healthcare professional knowledge of sepsis risk factors. Most patient/public get their sepsis information from the internet, whereas healthcare professionals get it from their role in healthcare through job training or educational training.

Conclusions:
Patient, public, and healthcare professional awareness and knowledge of sepsis vary globally. Future research may benefit from a consistent definition as well as country-specific data to support targeted public awareness campaigns.
Chin Augmentation With Hyaluronic Acid: An Injection Technique Based on Anatomical Morphology
Authors: Chen Bo , Ma Li , Wang Jingyi 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Chin augmentation with hyaluronic acid (HA) injections can effectively improve mental appearance.

OBJECTIVE
To introduce a HA injection technique for chin augmentation and evaluate its clinical effects.

METHODS
A total of 326 patients who received HA injection for chin augmentation from January 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were injected with the technique according to the anatomical morphology of the chin using a needle and cannula. Patient data were collected, the effects were analyzed, and adverse reactions were observed and recorded.

RESULTS
There were 326 patients involved in this study with a mean age of 26.4 years. The median volume of HA injected was 1.85 mL. The shape and contour of the chin was significantly improved in all patients immediately after injection. Most improvements were retained up to 6 months and partial improvements remained visible for 12 months. Swelling and pain occurred in 284 patients (87.1%), local ecchymosis occurred in 31 patients (9.5%), and asymmetry was found in 8 patients (2.5%). There were no other complications such as infection, embolism, necrosis, nodule, or witch's chin. All patients reported satisfaction with results of the HA injections.

CONCLUSION
Injection of HA according to the anatomical morphology of the chin is a safe and effective technique for chin augmentation and results in high patient satisfaction.
The Influence of Body Composition on Bone Health in Long-term Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood and Adolescence: Analyses by Dual-energy Radiograph Absorptiometry and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography
Authors: Barr Ronald D. , Inglis Dean , Athale Uma , Farncombe Troy , Gordon Christopher L. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The normal interrelationship of body composition with bone health is less clear in the context of disease. Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exhibit sarcopenic obesity and osteopenia. The impact of body composition on bone health in such survivors was examined.

Subjects and Methods:
Survivors of ALL (N=74), >10 years from diagnosis, underwent dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Results:
Whole-body bone mineral content (WB BMC) Z scores were greater in males than females, but WB BMC indices (WB BMC/height2) were comparable (0.74±0.125 and 0.72±0.069, respectively). WB BMC index (I) and fat-free mass index correlated significantly with trabecular bone mineral density, only in males. Fat mass index and appendicular lean mass index showed no such correlations. WB BMCI and fat-free mass index also correlated, again predominantly in males, with measures of strength in both trabecular and cortical bone. WB BMCI also correlated strongly with trabecular number, thickness, and hole size, also only in males.

Conclusions:
The results point to the need for enhancing muscle mass, measured by appendicular lean mass index, while reducing fat mass and maintaining good bone mineralization in long-term survivors of ALL to ensure the integrity of healthy bones.
Reducing Near Miss Medication Events Using an Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Smith-Love Janis 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Near miss medication events are pervasive without patient harm, mostly because of coincidence. Dynamic clinical environments challenge nurse compliance with medication administration rights and proper use of electronic technology.

Problem:
All nurses are educated in appropriate medication management, but our unit's barcoded medication administration scanning and electronic patient identification practices fell below the 97% benchmarks, representing hundreds of near miss medication events each month.

Approach:
Transformative leadership guided frontline staff to identify gaps in care processes and determined root causes for unsanctioned medication administration practices using a FOCUS (Find-Organize-Clarify-Understand-Select)-PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) methodology.

Outcomes:
An interdisciplinary team committed to zero events of preventable harm overcame challenges to improve care delivery. Medication management scores exceeded organizational benchmarks, with sustainable gains over 2 years.

Conclusions:
A rapid-cycle, evidence-based approach engaged staff to reduce near miss medication events. Workable solutions driven by transparent communication and interpersonal collaboration influenced positive safety behaviors.
When Adenosine Does Not Work
Authors: Shortland Jennifer , Saravu Vijayashankar Sakethram , Sanatani Shubhayan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common arrhythmia in the pediatric population. Adenosine is widely accepted as the first-line pharmacological treatment for hemodynamically stable SVT, constituting a class I recommendation in the 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for pediatric life support (2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care). As most pediatric SVTs are dependent on the atrioventricular node (AVN) for their propagation, and adenosine acts primarily on the AVN, adenosine will frequently terminate the arrhythmia. The term “adenosine failure” is often used to describe when its administration does not result in sustained termination of the tachycardia. Because of its very short half-life, there is confusion between improper delivery, failure to have any effect on the tachycardia, or transient termination. There are some pediatric SVTs, which are not AVN dependent, and which truly are refractory to adenosine. Simultaneous electrocardiogram recording during administration can provide important information to differentiate between adenosine resistance and transient adenosine effect, thus guiding further management.
Multispecialty Physician Online Survey Reveals That Burnout Related to Adverse Event Involvement May Be Mitigated by Peer Support
Authors: Gupta Kiran , Rivadeneira Natalie A. , Lisker Sarah , Chahal Karina , Gross Nate , Sarkar Urmimala 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
Involvement in adverse events can negatively impact physician well-being. Because burnout is increasingly recognized as a threat to patient safety, we examined the relationship between physician adverse event involvement and burnout as well as facilitators and barriers to support among physicians experiencing burnout.

Methods
We surveyed physicians in the United States who are members of the networking platform, Doximity. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses investigating experiences with adverse events, the impact of adverse events, the type of support the physician sought and received after the event, and burnout.

Results
Across specialties, involvement in an adverse event and burnout was common. Most respondents involved in an adverse event experienced emotional impact, but only a minority received support. Those reporting that the error resulted in emotional impact were more likely to experience burnout (adjusted odds ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–3.07); this association was mitigated by the most common form of support sought, peer support (adjusted odds ratio for burnout among those who received peer support versus those who did not, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.82). Barriers to support after an adverse event include punitive culture and systems factors such as administrative bureaucracy. Facilitators that emerged include peer, professional, and spiritual support, mentorship, helping others, the learning environment, and improved/flexible working hours.

Conclusions
Physicians who experienced emotional repercussions from adverse events were more likely to report burnout compared with those who did not. Respondents proposed barriers and facilitators to support that have not been widely implemented. Peer support may help mitigate physician burnout related to adverse events.
Improved Readout-Segmented Echo-Planner Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Simultaneous Multislice Acquisitions at 3 T
Authors: Li Qiao , Jiang TingTing , Wang TingTing , Huang Yan , Hu XiaoXin , Zhang Ling , Liu Wei , Fu CaiXia , Gu YaJia 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study systematically compared the images from readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE-DWI [RS-DWI]) and simultaneous multislice accelerated RESOLVE-DWI (SMS-RS-DWI) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in qualitative and quantitative aspects.

Method
Forty-four patients with NPC were included. The RS-DWI and prototypic SMS-RS-DWI sequences were performed on all patients. Images were qualitatively evaluated by 4 independent radiologists using a 5-point Likert scale. For quantitative evaluation, the maximum and minimum diameters and the maximum tumor areas were determined for both DWI sequences and compared with the T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) to evaluate image distortions. The apparent diffusion coefficient was measured in the slice with the maximum tumor profile.

Results
The SMS-RS-DWI was superior to RS-DWI with respect to overall image quality (3.40 ± 0.53 vs 2.71 ± 0.48, P < 0.0001) and tumor edge sharpness (3.29 ± 0.65 vs 2.64 ± 0.47, P < 0.0001). Susceptibility artifacts were significantly less severe in SMS-RS-DWI than in RS-DWI (0.85 ± 0.57 vs 1.36 ± 0.57, P < 0.0001). There was no significant overestimation or underestimation of the tumor geometry using the SMS-RS-DWI or RS-DWI compared with T2WI. The quantitative analysis showed a slightly higher agreement for SMS-RS-DWI with T2WI than RS-DWI for maximum diameter, minimum diameter, and maximum tumor area. The apparent diffusion coefficient values showed no significant differences between the 2 DWI techniques (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
At 3 T, SMS-RS-DWI is a useful technique for diagnosing NPC. It substantially improves different aspects of image quality by providing higher spatial resolution and fewer susceptibility artifacts with more extensive anatomic coverage compared with RS-DWI.
Does Tocilizumab Influence Ophthalmic Outcomes in Giant Cell Arteritis?
Authors: Bouffard Marc A. , Prasad Sashank , Unizony Sebastian , Costello Fiona 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Despite appropriate use of corticosteroids, an important minority of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) develop progressive vision loss during the initial stages of the disease or during corticosteroid tapering. Tocilizumab is the only clearly effective adjunctive treatment to corticosteroids in the management of GCA, but questions regarding its efficacy specifically in the neuro-ophthalmic population and its role in mitigating vision loss have not been broached until recently.

Evidence Acquisition:
The authors queried Pubmed using the search terms “GCA” and “tocilizumab” in order to identify English-language publications either explicitly designed to evaluate the influence of tocilizumab on the ophthalmic manifestations of GCA or those which reported, but were not primarily focused on, ophthalmic outcomes.

Results:
Recent retrospective analyses of populations similar to those encountered in neuro-ophthalmic practice suggest that tocilizumab is effective in decreasing the frequency of GCA relapse, the proportion of flares involving visual manifestations of GCA, and the likelihood of permanent vision loss. Data regarding the utility of tocilizumab to curtail vision loss at the time of diagnosis are limited to case reports.

Conclusions:
Compared with conventional corticosteroid monotherapy, treatment of GCA with both corticosteroids and tocilizumab may decrease the likelihood of permanent vision loss. Further prospective, collaborative investigation between rheumatologists and neuro-ophthalmologists is required to clarify the ophthalmic and socioeconomic impact of tocilizumab on the treatment of GCA.