bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypes and Hopes of Stem Cell Therapies in Dentistry: a Review
Authors: y Baena Alessandra Rodriguez , Casasco Andrea , Monti Manuela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the most exciting advances in life science research is the development of 3D cell culture systems to obtain complex structures called organoids and spheroids. These 3D cultures closely mimic in vivo conditions, where cells can grow and interact with their surroundings. This allows us to better study the spatio-temporal dynamics of organogenesis and organ function. Furthermore, physiologically relevant organoids cultures can be used for basic research, medical research, and drug discovery. Although most of the research thus far focuses on the development of heart, liver, kidney, and brain organoids, to name a few, most recently, these structures were obtained using dental stem cells to study in vitro tooth regeneration. This review aims to present the most up-to-date research showing how dental stem cells can be grown on specific biomaterials to induce their differentiation in 3D. The possibility of combining engineering and biology principles to replicate and/or increase tissue function has been an emerging and exciting field in medicine. The use of this methodology in dentistry has already yielded many interesting results paving the way for the improvement of dental care and successful therapies.
Graphical abstract
A neutron diffraction investigation of high valent doped barium ferrite with wideband tunable microwave absorption
Authors: Li Jun , Hong Yang , He San , Li Weike , Bai Han , Xia Yuanhua , Sun Guangai , Zhou Zhongxiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe barium ferrite BaTixFe12−xO19 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) (BFTO-x) ceramics doped by Ti4+ were synthesized by a modified sol—gel method. The crystal structure and magnetic structure of the samples were determined by neutron diffraction, and confirm that the BFTO-x ceramics were high quality single phase with sheet microstructure. With x increasing from 0.2 to 0.8, the saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases gradually but the change trend of coercivity (Hc) is complex under the synergy of the changed grain size and the magnetic crystal anisotropy field. Relying on the high valence of Ti4+, double resonance peaks are obtained in the curves of the imaginary part of magnetic conductivity (μ″) and the resonance peaks could move toward the low frequency with the increase of x, which facilitate the samples perform an excellent wideband modulation microwave absorption property. In the x = 0.2 sample, the maximum reflection loss (RL) can reach −44.9 dB at the thickness of only 1.8 mm, and the bandwidth could reach 5.28 GHz at 2 mm when RL is less than −10 dB. All the BFTO-x ceramics show excellent frequency modulation ability varying from 18 (x = 0.8) to 4 GHz (x = 0.4), which covers 81% of the investigated frequency in microwave absorption field. This work not only implements the tunable of electromagnetic parameters but also broadens the application of high-performance microwave absorption devices.
The Development of Spatial Circularity Discourse in Japan: Ecomodernist, Territorialised, or Both? The Story of Onomichi’s Wastescapes
Authors: Wuyts Wendy , Marjanović Marjan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Globally, many national, regional, and urban governments are facilitating circular economy transitions through various pathways. The European Union and China have spearheaded the worldwide shift towards circularity by adopting primarily ecomodernist and technocratic approaches. However, the relevant literature has highlighted the need to integrate conceptualisations of circularity that are more politically and spatially embedded to better suit the local contexts and actual social needs of specific populations. In this paper, we therefore argue that the Japanese approach to circular practices exemplifies a place-bound and just pathway and offers a potential alternative to the European and Chinese methods. Accordingly, we first trace the historical roots of spatial circularity in Japan and then articulate some contemporary circular concepts. Next, we present a detailed analysis of wastescapes in the city of Onomichi to demonstrate through the lived experiences of its citizens that the rather orthodox understandings of circularity that permeate Japanese discourse on circularity coexist with alternative considerations that promote human interactions with nonhuman nature, acknowledge spatial ranges of operations, and value traditional knowledge.
Descartes on fermentation in digestion: iatromechanism, analogy and teleology
Authors: Schmechel Carmen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFermentation is a cornerstone phenomenon in Cartesian physiology, accounting for processes such as digestion or blood formation. I argue that the previously unrecognized conceptual tension between the terms ‘fermentation’ and ‘concoction’ reflects Descartes's efforts towards a novel, more thoroughly mechanistic theory of physiology, set up against both Galenism and chymistry. Similarities with chymistry as regards fermentation turn out either epistemologically superficial, or based on shared earlier sources. Descartes tentatively employs ‘fermentation’ as a less teleological alternative to ‘concoction’, later renouncing the explicit use of the term, possibly to avoid chymical overtones. However, his continued use of analogies with fermentative processes in the natural world and in winemaking, coupled with a strong ontological commitment (the stance that the physiological processes are actual fermentations), leads to a reintroduction of natural teleology in his medical system, which I argue may be understood in an Aristotelian sense of ‘simple necessity’. The paper reveals a more nuanced account of Cartesian fermentative medicine, delineating some of its tensions with regard to chymistry as they play out in the dynamics of fermentation and concoction, and linking the analogies to fermentation processes to the difficulties in erasing teleology altogether.
Iatrogenic Tracheal Rupture Related to Prehospital Emergency Intubation in Adults: A 15-Year Single Center Experience
Authors: Struck Manuel F. , Ondruschka Benjamin , Beilicke André , Krämer Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:Iatrogenic tracheal rupture is an unusual and severe complication that can be caused by tracheal intubation. The frequency, management, and outcome of iatrogenic tracheal rupture due to prehospital emergency intubation in adults by emergency response physicians has not yet been sufficiently explored.Methods:Adult patients with iatrogenic tracheal ruptures due to prehospital emergency intubation admitted to an academic referral center over a 15-year period (2004-2018) with consideration of individual risk factors were analyzed.Results:Thirteen patients (eight female) with a mean age of 67 years met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Of these, eight tracheal ruptures (62%) were caused during the airway management of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Stylet use and difficult laryngoscopy requiring multiple attempts were documented in eight cases (62%) and four cases (30%), respectively. Seven patients (54%) underwent surgery, while six patients (46%) were treated conservatively. The overall 30-day mortality was 46%; five patients died due to their underlying emergencies and one patient died of tracheal rupture. Three survivors (23%) recovered with severe neurological sequelae and four (30%) were discharged in good neurological condition. Survivors had significantly smaller mean rupture sizes (2.7cm versus 6.3cm; P <.001) and less cutaneous emphysema (n = 2 versus n = 6; P = .021) than nonsurvivors.Conclusions:Iatrogenic tracheal rupture due to prehospital emergency intubation is a rare complication. Published risk factors are not consistently present and may not be applicable to identify patients at high risk, especially not in rescue situations. Treatment options depend on individual patient condition, whereas outcome largely depends on the underlying disease and rupture extension.
Urban Heat Islands Significantly Reduced by COVID‐19 Lockdown
Authors: Liu Zihan , Lai Jiameng , Zhan Wenfeng , Bechtel Benjamin , Voogt James , Quan Jinling , Hu Leiqiu , Fu Peng , Huang Fan , Li Long , Guo Zheng , Li Jiufeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe significant reduction in human activities during COVID‐19 lockdown is anticipated to substantially influence urban climates, especially urban heat islands (UHIs). However, the UHI variations during lockdown periods remain to be quantified. Based on the MODIS daily land surface temperature and the in‐situ surface air temperature observations, we reveal a substantial decline in both surface and canopy UHIs over 300‐plus megacities in China during lockdown periods compared with reference periods. The surface UHI intensity (UHII) is reduced by 0.25 (one S.D. = 0.22) K in the daytime and by 0.23 (0.20) K at night during lockdown periods. The reductions in canopy UHII reach 0.42 (one S.D. = 0.26) K in the daytime and 0.39 (0.29) K at night. These reductions are mainly due to the near‐unprecedented drop in human activities induced by strict lockdown measures. Our results provide an improved understanding of the urban climate variations during the global pandemic.
Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization
Authors: Cele Sandile , Jackson Laurelle , Khoury David S. , Khan Khadija , Moyo-Gwete Thandeka , Tegally Houriiyah , San James Emmanuel , Cromer Deborah , Scheepers Cathrine , Amoako Daniel G. , Karim Farina , Bernstein Mallory , Lustig Gila , Archary Derseree , Smith Muneerah , Ganga Yashica , Jule Zesuliwe , Reedoy Kajal , Hwa Shi-Hsia , Giandhari Jennifer , Blackburn Jonathan M. , Gosnell Bernadett I. , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Hanekom Willem ,   NGS-SA, Davies Mary-Ann , Hsiao Marvin , Martin Darren , Mlisana Koleka , Wibmer Constantinos Kurt , Williamson Carolyn , York Denis ,   COMMIT-KZN Team, Harrichandparsad Rohen , Herbst Kobus , Jeena Prakash , Khoza Thandeka , Kløverpris Henrik , Leslie Alasdair , Madansein Rajhmun , Magula Nombulelo , Manickchund Nithendra , Marakalala Mohlopheni , Mazibuko Matilda , Moshabela Mosa , Mthabela Ntombifuthi , Naidoo Kogie , Ndhlovu Zaza , Ndung’u Thumbi , Ngcobo Nokuthula , Nyamande Kennedy , Patel Vinod , Smit Theresa , Steyn Adrie , Wong Emily , von Gottberg Anne , Bhiman Jinal N. , Lessells Richard J. , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus S. , Davenport Miles P. , de Oliveira Tulio , Moore Penny L. , Sigal Alex 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Omicron (Pango lineage B.1.1.529), first identified in Botswana and South Africa, may compromise vaccine effectiveness and lead to re-infections1. Here we investigated Omicron escape from neutralization by antibodies from South African individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2. We used blood samples taken soon after vaccination from individuals who were vaccinated and previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated with no evidence of previous infection. We isolated and sequence-confirmed live Omicron virus from an infected person and observed that Omicron requires the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to infect cells. We compared plasma neutralization of Omicron relative to an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and found that neutralization of ancestral virus was much higher in infected and vaccinated individuals compared with the vaccinated-only participants. However, both groups showed a 22-fold reduction in vaccine-elicited neutralization by the Omicron variant. Participants who were vaccinated and had previously been infected exhibited residual neutralization of Omicron similar to the level of neutralization of the ancestral virus observed in the vaccination-only group. These data support the notion that reasonable protection against Omicron may be maintained using vaccination approaches.
PET microplastics affect human gut microbiota communities during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, first evidence of plausible polymer biodegradation during human digestion
Authors: Tamargo Alba , Molinero Natalia , Reinosa Julián J. , Alcolea-Rodriguez Victor , Portela Raquel , Bañares Miguel A. , Fernández Jose F. , Moreno-Arribas M. Victoria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are a widely recognized global problem due to their prevalence in natural environments and the food chain. However, the impact of microplastics on human microbiota and their possible biotransformation in the gastrointestinal tract have not been well reported. To evaluate the potential risks of microplastics at the digestive level, completely passing a single dose of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) through the gastrointestinal tract was simulated by combining a harmonized static model and the dynamic gastrointestinal simgi model, which recreates the different regions of the digestive tract in physiological conditions. PET MPs started several biotransformations in the gastrointestinal tract and, at the colon, appeared to be structurally different from the original particles. We report that the feeding with microplastics alters human microbial colonic community composition and hypothesize that some members of the colonic microbiota could adhere to MPs surface promoting the formation of biofilms. The work presented here indicates that microplastics are indeed capable of digestive-level health effects. Considering this evidence and the increasing exposure to microplastics in consumer foods and beverages, the impact of plastics on the functionality of the gut microbiome and their potential biodegradation through digestion and intestinal bacteria merits critical investigation.
Evaluation of two artificial infection methods of live ticks as tools for studying interactions between tick-borne viruses and their tick vectors
Authors: Migné Camille Victoire , Hönig Vaclav , Bonnet Sarah Irène , Palus Martin , Rakotobe Sabine , Galon Clémence , Heckmann Aurélie , Vyletova Eva , Devillers Elodie , Attoui Houssam , Ruzek Daniel , Moutailler Sara 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUp to 170 tick-borne viruses (TBVs) have been identified to date. However, there is a paucity of information regarding TBVs and their interaction with respective vectors, limiting the development of new effective and urgently needed control methods. To overcome this gap of knowledge, it is essential to reproduce transmission cycles under controlled laboratory conditions. In this study we assessed an artificial feeding system (AFS) and an immersion technique (IT) to infect Ixodes ricinus ticks with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Kemerovo (KEM) virus, both known to be transmitted predominantly by ixodid ticks. Both methods permitted TBEV acquisition by ticks and we further confirmed virus trans-stadial transmission and onward transmission to a vertebrate host. However, only artificial feeding system allowed to demonstrate both acquisition by ticks and trans-stadial transmission for KEMV. Yet we did not observe transmission of KEMV to mice (IFNAR−/− or BALB/c). Artificial infection methods of ticks are important tools to study tick-virus interactions. When optimally used under laboratory settings, they provide important insights into tick-borne virus transmission cycles.
Remote photonic detection of human senses using secondary speckle patterns
Authors: Kalyuzhner Zeev , Agdarov Sergey , Orr Itai , Beiderman Yafim , Bennett Aviya , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeural activity research has recently gained significant attention due to its association with sensory information and behavior control. However, the current methods of brain activity sensing require expensive equipment and physical contact with the tested subject. We propose a novel photonic-based method for remote detection of human senses. Physiological processes associated with hemodynamic activity due to activation of the cerebral cortex affected by different senses have been detected by remote monitoring of nano‐vibrations generated by the transient blood flow to the specific regions of the human brain. We have found that a combination of defocused, self‐interference random speckle patterns with a spatiotemporal analysis, using Deep Neural Network, allows associating between the activated sense and the seemingly random speckle patterns.
A trend extraction method based on logistic functions and envelopes
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Luo Jinglin , Zhang Xuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA method of step characteristic trend extraction based on logistic functions and envelopes (LFEs) is proposed in this paper. Compared with the existing trend extraction methods, the LFE method can determine the starting position of the step trend using a logistic function and extract the local trend using upper and lower envelopes. This method enhances the extraction accuracy and reduces the computation time. To verify the effectiveness of the LFE method, a simulated signal with a step trend feature was compared with the five-spot triple smoothing method, wavelet transform method and empirical mode decomposition-based method. All of these methods were applied to a real shock signal. The results demonstrate that the LFE method can reliably and accurately extract the trends with step characteristics based on less prior knowledge. Moreover, the proposed technique is suitable for industrial online applications.
The duration of daily activities has no impact on measures of overall wellbeing
Authors: Henwood Amanda , Guerreiro João , Matic Aleksandar , Dolan Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the longer we spend in happier activities the happier we will be. In an intensive study of momentary happiness, we show that, in fact, longer time spent in happier activities does not lead to higher levels of reported happiness overall. This finding is replicated with different samples (student and diverse, multi-national panel), measures and methods of analysis. We explore different explanations for this seemingly paradoxical finding, providing fresh insight into the factors that do and do not affect the relationship between how happy we report feeling as a function of how long it lasts. This work calls into question the assumption that spending more time doing what we like will show up in making us happier, presenting a fundamental challenge to the validity of current tools used to measure happiness.
Optimization of pineapple juice amount used as a negative oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Renzulli Matteo , Caretti Daniele , Pettinari Irene , Biselli Maurizio , Brocchi Stefano , Sergenti Alessandro , Brandi Nicolò , Golfieri Rita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the potential variability of Manganese (Mn2+) in commercial pineapple juice (PJ) produced in different years and to identify the optimal Mn2+ concentration in the correct amount of PJ to be administered prior to Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in order to suppress the gastroduodenal (GD) liquid signal. The Mn2+ concentration in PJ produced in different years was defined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The optimal Mn2+ concentration and the amount of PJ, were estimated in an in-vitro analysis, and were then prospectively tested in a population of patients who underwent MRCP. The results were compared with those achieved with the previous standard amount of PJ used in a similar population. The concentrations of Mn2+ in commercial PJ produced in different years did not differ. A total amount of 150 ml (one glass) of PJ having a high Mn2+ content (2.37 mg/dl) was sufficient for the suppression of the GD liquid signal, despite the additional dilution caused by GD liquids since it led to a final concentration of Mn2+ of 0.5–1.00 mg/dl. The optimized single-dose oral administration of 150 ml (approximately one glass) of PJ having a high Mn2+ concentration prior to MRCP was adequate to guarantee the correct amount of Mn2+ to suppress the GD signal.
Splice-switching of the insulin receptor pre-mRNA alleviates tumorigenic hallmarks in rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Khurshid Safiya , Montes Matias , Comiskey Daniel F. , Shane Brianne , Matsa Eleftheria , Jung Francesca , Brown Chelsea , Bid Hemant Kumar , Wang Ruoning , Houghton Peter J. , Roberts Ryan , Rigo Frank , Chandler Dawn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric tumor with a poor prognosis for metastasis and recurrent disease. Large-scale sequencing endeavors demonstrate that Rhabdomyosarcomas have a dearth of precisely targetable driver mutations. However, IGF-2 signaling is known to be grossly altered in RMS. The insulin receptor (IR) exists in two alternatively spliced isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The IGF-2 signaling molecule binds both its innate IGF-1 receptor as well as the insulin receptor variant A (IR-A) with high affinity. Mitogenic and proliferative signaling via the canonical IGF-2 pathway is, therefore, augmented by IR-A. This study shows that RMS patients express increased IR-A levels compared to control tissues that predominantly express the IR-B isoform. We also found that Hif-1α is significantly increased in RMS tumors, portraying their hypoxic phenotype. Concordantly, the alternative splicing of IR adapts to produce more IR-A in response to hypoxic stress. Upon examining the pre-mRNA structure of the gene, we identified a potential hypoxia-responsive element, which is also the binding site for the RNA-binding protein CUG-BP1 (CELF1). We designed Splice Switching Oligonucleotides (SSO) against this binding site to decrease IR-A levels in RMS cell lines and, consequently, rescue the IR-B expression levels. SSO treatment resulted in a significant reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Our data shows promising insight into how impeding the IGF-2 pathway by reducing IR-A expression mitigates tumor growth. It is evident that Rhabdomyosarcomas use IR alternative splicing as yet another survival strategy that can be exploited as a therapeutic intervention in conjunction with already established anti-IGF-1 receptor therapies.
Analysis of the glyco-code in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies glycan-mediated immune regulatory circuits
Authors: Rodriguez Ernesto , Boelaars Kelly , Brown Kari , Madunić Katarina , van Ee Thomas , Dijk Frederike , Verheij Joanne , Li R. J. Eveline , Schetters Sjoerd T. T. , Meijer Laura L. , Le Large Tessa Y. S. , Driehuis Else , Clevers Hans , Bruijns Sven C. M. , O’Toole Tom , van Vliet Sandra J. , Bijlsma Maarten F. , Wuhrer Manfred , Kazemier Geert , Giovannetti Elisa , Garcia-Vallejo Juan J. , van Kooyk Yvette 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Despite the fact that changes in glycosylation patterns during tumour progression have been reported, no systematic approach has been conducted to evaluate its potential for patient stratification. By analysing publicly available transcriptomic data of patient samples and cell lines, we identified here two specific glycan profiles in PDAC that correlated with progression, clinical outcome and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. These different glycan profiles, confirmed by glycomics, can be distinguished by the expression of O-glycan fucosylated structures, present only in epithelial cells and regulated by the expression of GALNT3. Moreover, these fucosylated glycans can serve as ligands for DC-SIGN positive tumour-associated macrophages, modulating their activation and inducing the production of IL-10. Our results show mechanisms by which the glyco-code contributes to the tolerogenic microenvironment in PDAC.