bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating biomass and soil carbon change at the level of forest stands using repeated forest surveys assisted by airborne laser scanner data
Authors: Strîmbu Victor F. , Naesset Erik , Ørka Hans Ole , Liski Jari , Petersson Hans , Gobakken Terje 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background

Under the growing pressure to implement mitigation actions, the focus of forest management is shifting from a traditional resource centric view to incorporate more forest ecosystem services objectives such as carbon sequestration. Estimating the above-ground biomass in forests using airborne laser scanning (ALS) is now an operational practice in many parts of the world. In the boreal forests, however, most of the carbon (85%) is stored in the soil organic (SO) matter. While this very important carbon pool is "invisible" to ALS, it is closely connected and feeds from the growing forest stocks. We propose an integrated methodology to estimate the changes in forest carbon pools at the level of forest stands by combining field measurements and ALS data.

Results

ALS-based models of dominant height, mean diameter, and biomass were fitted using the field observations and were used to predict mean tree biophysical properties across the entire study area which was in turn used to estimate the biomass carbon stocks and the litter production that feeds into the soil. For the soil carbon pool estimation, we used the Yasso15 model. The methodology was based on 1) approximating the initial soil carbon stocks using simulations; 2) approximating the annual litter input based on the predicted growing stocks in each cell; 3) estimating the soil carbon dynamics of the annual litter using the Yasso15 soil carbon model. The estimated mean total carbon change at the stand level (for 3324 stands) was 10.6 Mg ha-1. The biomass carbon change was 5.5 Mg ha-1, the litter carbon change (e.g., deadwood and leaves) was 5.2 Mg ha-1, and the change in SO carbon was -0.151 Mg ha-1.

Conclusions

Our results show that ALS data can be used indirectly through a chain of models to estimate soil carbon changes in addition to changes in biomass at the primary level of forest management, namely the forest stands. Having control of the errors contributed by each model, reliable inference can be made under a model-based inferential approach.
Comparison and Modification of Various Turbulence Models for Analysis of Fluid Microjet Injection into the Boundary Layer over a Flat Surface
Authors: Razzaghi Mohammad Javad Pour , Masoumi Yasin , Sani Seyed Mojtaba Rezaei , Liu Yue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present work studied various models for predicting turbulence in the problem of injecting a fluid microjet into the boundary layer of a turbulent flow. For this purpose, the one-equation Spalart-Allmaras (SA), two-equation k-ε and k-ω, multi-equation transition k-kL-ω, transition shear stress transport (SST), and Reynolds stress models were used for solving the steady microjet into the turbulent boundary layer, and their results are compared with experimental results. A comparison of the results indicated that the steady solution methods performed sufficiently well for this problem. Furthermore, it was found that the four-equation transition SST model was the most accurate method for predicting turbulence in this problem. This model predicted the velocity along the x-axis in near- and far-jet locations with about 1% and 5% errors, respectively. It also outperformed the other methods in predicting Reynolds stresses, especially at the center (nearly 5% error). Moreover, the modified four-equation transition SST model has improved the system’s performance in predicting the studied parameters by utilizing Sørensen correlations in predicting 𝑅𝑒𝜃𝑡 (the transition momentum thickness Reynolds number), 𝐹𝑙ength (an empirical correlation that controls the length of the transition region), and 𝑅𝑒𝜃𝑐 (the critical Reynolds number where the intermittency first starts to increase in the boundary layer).
Mechanical characteristics and stability analysis of surrounding rock reinforcement in rectangular roadway
Authors: GU Shuan-Cheng , WANG Pan , YANG Chao-Fan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The stability of surrounding rock with bolt support depends on the stability within the reinforcement range. To understand the reinforcing mechanism of a rectangular roadway bolt fully and accurately, a quantitative method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of a rectangular roadway must be developed. First, a roof beam model of a rectangular tunnel is established according to the deformation law of surrounding rock. Based on the elastic–plastic theory, the deflection calculation formula can be derived, and the ultimate load of the roof beam can be obtained under the plastic state without support. Second, based on the reinforcement effect of bolts, a model of a surrounding rock reinforcement body is established, the physical and mechanical properties of this body are deduced, and a method for evaluating the stability of surrounding rock is derived. Finally, by considering actual engineering cases, the theoretical calculation results of surrounding rock deformation are compared with the numerical simulation and field monitoring results. Moreover, the influence of different parameters of the bolt support on the mechanical characteristics and stability of reinforcement is investigated. The results show that the theoretical calculations approximate the numerical simulation and field monitoring values, thus verifying the rationality of the theory. The physical and mechanical properties and stability of the surrounding rock reinforcement body are considerably affected by changes in bolt length and spacing. The anchor design must apply the following principle: the bolt must either be long and sparsely spaced or short and densely spaced. The theory presented in this paper provides a relatively simple and fast quantitative calculation method for the study of the surrounding rock stability of bolt-supported rectangular roadways.
Domestication, Growth Performance and Length-weight Relationship of Land Crab (Cardisoma Armatum) Fed With Compounded Feeds of Plant and Animal Proteins
Authors: Jolaosho Toheeb Lekan , Akintola Shehu Latunji 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Preliminary research on domestication of the mangrove fisheries resources especially those with high aquaculture potentials are mandatory as a requirement for aquaculture activities to ensure sustainability. This study evaluates possible domestication, growth performance and Length-weight relationship of Land crab (Cardisoma armatum) crablets reared for twelve (12) weeks, fed with complete (control), animal based and plant based compounded diets. The study was carried out at the Hatchery unit of Lagos State University Fish Farm. Sixty (60) graded sizes and mixed sex of Cardisoma armatum crablets weighing 22g- 24g were sourced from the wild and stocked at the rate of ten C. armatum crabs in three treatments and 3 replicates units. From the result of this study, the final weights obtained were 46.10 ± 0.10g for crabs fed (complete based diet), 38.92 + 0.15g (animal based diet) and 47.84 ± 0.18g (plant based diet). The result obtained from this study indicated that crablets fed with animal based diet had better growth rate in terms of weight gained and food conversion ratio. The results obtained for length-weight relationship of the crab samples in u study was negative allometric growth pattern (b < 3). However, the results for condition factor of females, male and combined sexes are greater than 1. Formulated diet of plants and animal source is hereby recommended to be used in feeding C. armatum. Further study on rearing of C. armatum in captivity is hereby advised to increase food security and sustainability.
Pericarotid fat stranding at CT angiography:a marker of the short-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Yinan , Guo Zhongping , Li Mengshuang , Shan Hangsheng , Zhang Yonggang , Miao Chongchang , Gu Yan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Perivascular epicardial fat stranding detected in the coronary CT angiography was associated with culprit lesion and provided helpful information of risk for ACS. This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical significance of pericarotid fat stranding (PCFS) and investigate the association between PCFS and short-term prognosis of acute stroke with head and neck CT angiography (CTA).

Methods

This study included 80 patients (mean age 69.69士11.03; 58 men) who underwent both head and neck CTA and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 weeks. Baseline characteristics, PCAT attenuation, plaque characteristics, ischemic penumbra, infarct core volume, infarct core growth rate (CGR) and grade of collateral status between PCFS group and non-PCFS group were recorded, these data were compared by using two-sample t,Mann-Whitney U,Fisher tests and Spearman’s correlation test.

Results

We found that patients with PCFS had a significantly higher PCAT density than non-PCFS patients (-55.75 ± 5.53 vs -65.82 ± 9.65;P<0.001 ). Those with PCFS showed a larger infarct core volume (166.43 ± 73.07 vs 91.43 ± 55.03;P = 0.001 ) and faster CGR (39.57 ± 12.01 vs 19.83 ± 32.77;P<0.001), and that the frequency of adverse prognosis was more significant than in control subjects (83.33% vs 19.11%). The difference was statistically significant.

Conclusions

We discovered that individuals with PCFS had greater CGR, which was substantially related with a worse outcome in acute stroke patients with ipsilateral carotid atherosclerosis. Recognition of PCFS may help to predict stroke prognosis and allow doctors to take early action to improve patient prognosis.
Miniaturization and performance studies of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennae using Minkowski fractal for Ku band communications by inset feed technique
Authors: Dokrom Froumsia , Dikoundou J.-F. Essiben , Inc Mustafa , Houwe Alphonse , Kolyang Kolyang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper we have proposed an improved miniaturization design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on Minkowski fractal. The design methodology consists in considering a rectangular patch on which the conventional and modified Minkowski curve are successively applied until the second iteration. In total, three miniaturized antennae are proposed. They are structured by a fractal patch engraved on an FR-4 epoxy substrate. Design and simulation are performed by CADFEKO 7.0.1 software, better suited for small size antennae. The proposed miniaturized fractal models operate at the same frequency F= 15.53 GHz, as the conventional Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna. Moreover, each of them enables a good impedance matching, as can be confirmed by the low return loss obtained (< -15 dB) at the same resonance frequency. The proposed antennae presented a significant size reduction of 89.76 % for Minkowski model, 88.8 % and 86% for both modified Minkowskimodels when compared to the conventional inset-fed rectangular patch antenna. Overall, our study illustrated that, after a modified Minkowski miniaturization technique was introduced a better performance and impedance matching was achieved. According to the IEEE Standard Classification of Satellite Frequency Bands, the results of the miniaturized and optimized fractal patch antenna can effectively contribute to Ku-band communications.
Effective Feature Selection in Speech Emotion Recognition Systems using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Shilandari Arash , Marvi Hossein , Hadjiabdolhamid Negin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Thus far, it has been unknown whether feature selection methods succeed in increasing the efficiency of speech-emotion recognition systems. This article discusses and evaluates feature selection for data augmentation purposes in a speech emotion recognition system. This study performed the experiments using Python and on four common databases: EMO-DB, eNTERFACE05, SAVEE, and IEMOCAP. Data analysis was conducted on all four databases for five emotions: sadness, fear, anger, happiness, and neutral. A support vector machine was used to classify emotions. We also used a generative adversarial network to augment data and two feature selection networks including Fisher and Linear Discriminant Analysis algorithms. In two steps and with the feedback from the classification network, we could bring the speech emotion recognition to an optimal point in sample number and feature vector dimensions. The results showed that using Linear Discriminant Analysis and the Fisher method simultaneously in the generative adversarial networks can remove redundant and irrelevant features while preserving features with important emotional information for classification. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with that of recent studies. The proposed method was able to achieve 86.32\% accuracy in the Berlin Database of Emotional Speech.
Metastatic lung tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus invasion in the pulmonary vein: a case report
Authors: Ohtaka Kazuto , Ohtake Setsuyuki , Ishii Yu , Kaku Saya , Takeuchi Yuta , Mizota Tomoko , Yamamura Yoshiyuki , Ichinokawa Masaomi , Yoshioka Tatsuya , Tamoto Eiji , Murakawa Katsuhiko , Ono Koichi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Metastatic lung tumor with a tumor thrombus in the peripheral pulmonary vein is very rare. We present a case of a metastatic lung tumor from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumor thrombus invasion in the pulmonary vein that was diagnosed preoperatively and underwent complete resection by segmentectomy.
Case presentation
A 77-year-old man underwent laparoscopic lateral segment hepatectomy for HCC eight years ago. Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) remained elevated from two years ago. Contrast-enhanced chest computed-tomography (CT) showed a 27 mm nodule in the right apical segment (S1). He was pathologically diagnosed with a metastatic lung tumor from HCC via transbronchoscopic biopsy. We planned to perform right S1 segmentectomy. Before surgery, contrast-enhanced CT in the pulmonary vessels phase for three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the tumor extended into the adjusting peripheral pulmonary vein, and we diagnosed tumor thrombus invasion in V1a. The surgery was conducted under 3-port video-assisted thoracic surgery. First, V1 was ligated and cut. A1 and B1 were cut. The intersegmental plane was cut with mechanical staplers. Pathological examination revealed moderately-differentiated metastatic HCC with tumor thrombus invasions in many pulmonary veins, including V1a. No additional postoperative treatments were performed.
Conclusions
As malignant tumors tend to develop a tumor thrombus in the primary tumor, it might be necessary to perform contrast-enhanced CT in the pulmonary vessel phase to check for a tumor thrombus before the operation for metastatic lung tumors.
Effect of strain rates on mechanical response of whole muscle bundle
Authors: Tran Dat Trong , Tsai Liren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Muscle injury, especially hamstring muscle, frequently happens during sports activities and exercise which could have serious consequences if not diagnosed and treated promptly. This research investigated the quasi-static and dynamic responses of over 30 fresh semitendinosus muscle-tendon-bone structures by utilizing Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SHPB) and a material testing system under the strain rates between 0.001 ~ 200 s− 1. Because of the special shape of muscle-tendon-bone structures, PLA-material clampers were produced by 3D printer to properly hold and to prevent slippery during the test process. The mechanical characteristics of the whole muscle bundle, including Young’s modulus and stress-strain curve, are illustrated at various strain rates. The findings showed that the muscle properties were sensitive with strain rate at the passive deformation. Both maximum stress and Young’s modulus increased with the rise of strain rate, and modulus at 200 s− 1 can be as high as 10 times compared with quasi-static conditions.
Pinoresinol diglucoside alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac injury via the AMPK/SIRT3/RIG-1 pathway
Authors: Xie Yanguang , Sui Wenjing , Qin Sifan , Yao Qian , Fan Daxu , Li Tao , Wang Feng , Fu Xiaoyan , Zhang Lane 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aims Heart failure (HF) often results from mechanical or neurohormonal stress and remains the mortality up to 45–50%, which is accompanied by cardiomyocytes loss, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), a compound obtained from withForsythia suspensa,Epicommia ulmoidesandStyrax sp., has a remarkable effect on anti-hypertension, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. However, whether PDG protects against pressure overload induced cardiomyocytes fibrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress has not been illustrated. This study aimed to determine the cardioprotective effects and the underlying mechanism of PDG on cardiomyocytes injury in pressure overload-induced rats. Methods Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-surgery was performed to mimic pressure overload-induced cardiac injury (fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation) in rats. The collagen content deposit evaluation of heart in rats were evaluated by PSR staining. Furthermore, phenylephrine (PE) was used to make in vitro cell models of cardiac injury. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to test the expression of targeting mRNAs bothin vivoandvitro. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of the AMPK/SIRT3/RIG-1 signaling pathway. Results AAC induced the significant cardiac injury in hearts of rats, as indicators of myocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas PDG treatment reversed these pathological changes compared to AAC rats. Moreover, AAC-induced increased left ventricular (LV) fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the Sham mice, but these increases were significantly reduced by PDG treatment. Interestingly, PDG in AAC-induced rats decreased the expressions of p-AMPK and SIRT3 at the protein levels. These results of this cardio-protection are likely through targeting cardiomyocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly mediated by AMPK and SIRT3. In addition, PDG also blocked PE-induced the fibrotic changes in cardiomyocytes. Thus, PDG may be a potential therapeutic agent in targeting pathological cardiac injury by inhibiting myocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in pressure overload-induced cardiac injury. Conclusions PDG significantly decreased AAC-induced cardiomyocytes fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats through the AMPK/SIRT3/RIG-1 signaling pathway. These novel findings provide the evidence that PDG may be a promising therapeutic strategy for pathological cardiac remodeling and HF.
The severity of psychosocial (appearance anxiety and social phobia) and functional morbidity among patients presented with non-treated Noma-induced facial disfigurements in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadik Heron Gezahegn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Noma is an Orofacial disfiguring disease that affects the oral cavity and mid-facial structures. If left untreated, the condition is fatal. Noma creates severe cosmetic and functional defects among survivors, which leads to psychiatric and social problems. However, there is limited data on psychosocial and functional sequelae(morbidity) associated with the condition. This study aimed to assess the psychosocial and functional morbidity among patients presented with non-treated Noma-induced facial disfigurement in Ethiopia. The study also investigated patients' postsurgical outcome expectations from the awaiting surgical procedure.
Results
A total of 32 Noma cases (19 females & 13 males) waiting for the upcoming surgical campaigns were involved in this study. The study participants reported severe social (Likert’s score = 2.8) and psychological (Likert’s score = 3.0) morbidity. The functional limitation was moderate (Likert’s score = 2.9). Except for 15% (n=5), the remaining 85% (n=27) of the study participants expected that the surgery wouldhelp them to overcome the disease-induced psychosocial, functional, and aesthetic problems.
Geophysical Prospecting of Parts of Isara-Remo, Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Akinyemi Olukayode D. , Badmus Biodun S. , Ajiboye Godwin A. , Adeyemi Adebukonla O. , Adeyemi Moyosoluwa O. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Geophysical survey using 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography was conducted at Isara-Remo to delineate the sedimentary/basement contact as well as to prospect for the groundwater resources. Ten profiles were investigated using the Dipole-dipole array configuration and the resistivity data were processed and inverted using AGI Earth Imager software. The models obtained revealed the lithological composition of the area characterized generally by topsoil, sand, laterite, saturated sandy clay, dry sandy clay, dry clay, saturated clay, sandy clay, clayey sand, sandstones, coarse sand, shale, quartzite rock and basement rock. The models of the studied areas revealed resistivity ranges of 20.4 Ωm − 1832 Ωm; 11.6 Ωm − 327 Ωm; 6.4 Ωm − 2954 Ωm; 1.9 Ωm − 2767 Ωm; 25.7 Ωm − 1607 Ωm; 51.6 Ωm − 929 Ωm; 35.7 Ωm − 2659 Ωm; 42.5 Ωm − 1562 Ωm; 49.4 Ωm − 6113 Ωm; and 82 Ωm − 6783 Ωm for profile 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09 and 10 respectively with corresponding depths of investigation at 174m, 78m, 197m, 174m, 105m, 174m, 197m, 105m, 99m and 99m. The study revealed the hydrogeological characterization and aquifer configuration of Isara, Profile 02 in ward 1 had the best groundwater potential due to its resistivity value in comparison to Profile 10 in ward 4 with low water-bearing aquifer. The qualitative information and to an extent, quantitative information on the groundwater potential in the study area have been provided and the sedimentary region delineated from the basement zones.
Plasmon-exciton couplings in the MoS2/AuNP plasmonic hybrid structure
Authors: Kim Hyuntae , Im Jaeseung , Yoo Sung Jae , Haddadnezhad MohammadNavid , Nam Kiin , Park Jin Young , Park Woongkyu , Park Sungho , Han Gang Hee , Ahn Jae Sung , Park Doojae , Jeong Mun Seok , Choi Soobong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The understanding and engineering of the plasmon-exciton coupling are necessary to control the innovative optoelectronic device platform. In this study, we investigated the intertwined mechanism of each plasmon-exciton couplings in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and plasmonic hybrid structure. The results of absorption, simulation, electrostatics, and emission spectra show that interaction between photoexcited carrier and exciton modes are successfully coupled by energy transfer and exciton recombination processes. Especially, neutral exciton, trion, and biexciton can be selectively enhanced by designing the plasmonic hybrid platform. All of these results imply that there is another degree of freedom to control the individual enhancement of each exciton mode in the development of nano optoelectronic devices.