bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anchor‐based crowd formation transformation
Authors: Li Yihao , Huang Tianyu , Liu Yifan , Chang Xiaojun , Ding Gangyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCrowd formation transformation is the process of controlling crowd movement under high constraints, which has received massive attention in recent years due to its ability to generate high‐quality visual effects. It is challenging because of the complexity and the lack of evaluation standard. This study introduces an anchor‐based crowd formation transformation control method that achieves highly controllable crowd movement by extracting anchors and optimizing a loss function based on anchor constraints. In addition, we propose a series of metrics to assist users in quantifying a segment of group motion. Some cases not considered in past work are designed to demonstrate the superiority of this method. With the help of proposed metrics, it could be found that in addition to being able to uniquely accomplish some tasks, our method also exhibits higher control over the crowd in other scenarios. Compared with methods of other research, our method has significant advantages in diversity and controllability of the generated results.
A Raman spectroscopy–compositional–structural investigation of lunar surface materials and analogues
Authors: Cloutis Edward , Turenne Nathalie , Sidhu Sahejpal , Connell Stephanie , Applin Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigated the Raman spectroscopy of 35 rock and mineral samples of composition relevant to the lunar surface: pyroxenes, olivine, plagioclase feldspars and oxides. The Raman spectra were analysed in the context of their compositional and structural properties to develop robust correlations to enable their detection on the lunar surface by Raman spectroscopy. We developed and implemented a spectral deconvolution program to model the fluorescence background and various Raman peaks to extract their positions in wavenumber space. Relations were developed between the Raman peak positions of pyroxenes around 325, 670 and 1000 cm−1 with their compositions in terms of enstatite, ferrosilite and wollastonite components. For olivines, we verified previously determined correlations between the positions of the olivine‐related peak doublet between 800 and 880 cm−1 with forsterite content. We also discuss the main signatures detected in the Raman spectra of plagioclases and oxides. The derived relationships were examined using Raman spectra of the matrix and several inclusions of the lunar meteorite NWA12593. We were able to identify the main endmembers of the selected surface spots as pyroxenes, plagioclase feldspars and olivine. We used the previous correlations to separate orthopyroxene from clinopyroxene signatures and to propose a composition of the inclusions of the meteorite. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of Raman spectroscopy for determining the mineralogy of the lunar surface.
Oxygen Healing and CO2/H2/Anisole Dissociation on Reduced Molybdenum Oxide Surfaces Studied by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Lal Bose Abir , Agarwal Vishal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReduced molybdenum oxides are versatile catalysts for deoxygenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions. In this work, we have performed spin‐polarized DFT calculations to investigate oxygen healing energies on reduced molybdenum oxides (reduced α‐MoO3, γ‐Mo4O11 and MoO2). We find that Mo+4 on MoO2 (100) is the most active for abstracting an oxygen from the oxygenated compounds. We further explored CO2 adsorption and dissociation on reduced α‐MoO3 (010) and MoO2 (100). In comparison to reduced α‐MoO3 (010), CO2 adsorbs more strongly on MoO2 (100). We find that CO2 dissociates on MoO2 (100) via a two‐step process, the overall barrier for which is 0.6 eV. This barrier is 1.7 eV lower than that on reduced α‐MoO3 (010), suggesting a much higher activity for deoxygenation of CO2 to CO. As H2 dissociation is shown to be the rate‐limiting step for hydrodeoxygenation reactions, we also studied activation barriers for H2 chemisorption on MoO2 (100). We find that the chemisorption barriers are 0.7 eV lower than that reported on reduced α‐MoO3 (010). Finally, we have studied the dissociation (C−O cleavage) of anisole (a lignin‐based biofuel model compound) on MoO2 (100). We find that anisole binds very strongly on MoO2 (100) with an adsorption energy of −1.47 eV. According to Sabatier's principle, strongly adsorbing reactants poison the catalyst surface, which may explain the low activity of MoO2 observed during experiments for hydrodeoxygenation of anisole.
Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE)‐Active Poly(acrylates) for Electrofluorochromic Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Chua Ming Hui , Chin Kang Le Osmund , Ang Shi Jun , Soo Xiang Yun Debbie , Png Zhuang Mao , Zhu Qiang , Xu Jianwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo aggregation induced emission (AIE)‐active poly(acrylates) bearing triphenylvinyl‐functionalized phenylcarbazole and triphenylamine pendants, respectively, were synthesized. Their fluorescence response to nitroaromatics and electrofluorochromic (EFC) properties were studied, whereby both the presence of nitroaromatics and applied voltages led to fluorescence quenching. In a very first attempt to perform EFC detection of nitroaromatics, it was surprisingly found that after initial fluorescence quenching, the presence of nitroaromatics unexpectedly turned on fluorescence at high applied voltages (>+1.0 V), demonstrating a promising approach for the EFC detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
Interactive effects of functional traits and rainfall event size on stemflow in a tropical montane cloud forest
Authors: González‐Martínez Teresa Margarita , Williams‐Linera Guadalupe , Holwerda Friso 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study analyses how rainfall (P) event size influences the effect of functional traits on stemflow volume of woody plants in a tropical montane cloud forest. In addition, it was investigated whether multiple regression models based on functional traits provide better predictions of stemflow volume than allometric equations using only basal area (BA). Eighteen functional traits of size, structure, bark and leaf of woody plants in the overstory, midstory and understory were analysed. Stemflow volume was determined to a greater extent by size traits, mainly basal area and crown area, with these relationships becoming stronger as P event size increased. Stemflow volume was also influenced by other traits that affect the efficiency with which individuals produced stemflow. The crown area/basal area ratio showed the strongest correlation with the stemflow production efficiency metrics (funnelling ratio and stemflow proportion). Bark traits had a negative effect on funnelling ratio and stemflow proportion, with a tendency to be stronger in smaller P events, while vascular epiphyte cover showed the opposite trend. Multiple regression models with two to three variables explained 43 to 81% of stemflow volume variation, depending on P event size. For P events <15 mm, the fit was generally better for multiple regression models than for basal area models, while for P events >15 mm, differences among models were small. Functional traits largely define stemflow at the level of individual plants, but this relationship is mediated by P event size.
Lewis Superacidic Divalent Bis(m‐terphenyl)element Cations [(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2E]+of Group 13 Revisited and Extended (E=B, Al, Ga, In, Tl)
Authors: Duvinage Daniel , Malaspina Lorraine A. , Grabowsky Simon , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a combined experimental and computational study, the molecular and electronic structures of the divalent bis(m‐terphenyl)element cations [(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2E]+of group 13 (1, E=B;2, E=Al;3, E=Ga;4, E=In;5, E=Tl) were investigated. The preparation and characterization of2,3and5were previously reported by Wehmschulte's (Organometallics2004, 23, 1965–1967;J. Am. Chem. Soc.2003,125, 1470–1471) and our groups (Organometallics2009,28, 6893–6901). The indinium ion4was prepared and fully characterized for the first time. Attempts to prepare the borinium ion1by fluoride or hydride abstraction were unsuccessful. The electronic structures of1–5and the stabilization by the bulkym‐terphenyl substituents were analyzed using quantum chemical calculations and compared to the divalent bis(m‐terphenyl)pnictogenium ions [(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2E]+of group 15 (6, E=P;7, E=As;8, E=Sb;9, E=Bi) previously investigated by our group (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2018,57, 10080–10084). The calculated fluoride ion affinities (FIA) of1–9are higher than that of SbF5, which classifies them as Lewis superacids.
Fluorescent Probe for the Monitoring of Plasma Membrane Hydration
Authors: Flores‐Cruz Ricardo , Hernández‐Juárez Cinthia , Jiménez‐Sánchez Arturo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSubcellular microenvironment plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis being hydration an essential parameter to monitor the variations of lipid organization in biological membranes. Fluorescent microenvironment‐sensitive probes are stimuli‐responsive molecules and able to change their fluorescence profile according to the microenvironment properties (polarity, hydration, microviscosity and tension). Here we present an organic fluorescent probe, NPM‐1, as a new microenvironmental dye with selective plasma membrane localization in live cells. Using high‐resolution confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, we explored the hydration and polarity variations during the formation of apoptotic bodies in real time. To have a clear understanding of the cell microenvironment variations, an analogue polarity probe able to localize the cytosol and nucleoli was also synthetized, CellPol‐1. Then, we were able to monitor the subcellular hydration variations during the apoptotic body dynamics.
Glucocorticoid treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: van den Berg Corinne , de Bree Pim N. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. , Tiemensma Jitske 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is multifactorial, with an exaggerated inflammatory response being the most prominent. Treatment for CRPS is carried out according to the presenting pathophysiological mechanism. Anti‐inflammatory treatment with glucocorticoids is therefore an option. The aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy of glucocorticoids in CRPS.Databases and data treatmentEmbase, Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar were systematically searched for articles focusing on glucocorticoid treatment and CRPS. Screening based on title and abstract was followed by full‐text reading (including reference lists) to determine the final set of relevant articles. Bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias‐tool for randomized trials (Rob2).ResultsForty‐one studies were included, which reported on 1208 CRPS patients. A wide variety of glucocorticoid administration strategies were applied, with oral being the most frequently chosen. Additionally, researchers found great heterogeneity in outcome parameters, including clinical symptoms, pain relief and range of motion. The use of glucocorticoids caused an improvement of parameters in all but two studies. In particular, improvement in pain relief and range of motion were reported. Using glucocorticoids in CRPS of longer duration (i.e. more than 3 months) appears to be less effective.ConclusionBased on the present review, there is evidence to support glucocorticoid treatment in CRPS. However, the ideal administration route and dose remain unclear. We therefore recommend future research via an intervention study, as well as studies on the aetiological mechanisms and corresponding optimal treatment because CRPS pathogenesis is only partially understood.SignificanceSeveral studies point towards CRPS being an inflammatory response after tissue or nerve damage, with higher levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and artificial skin blisters. Inflammation provides a possible role for glucocorticoids in treating CRPS. This systematic review provides a structured overview of glucocorticoid treatment in patients with CRPS. Improvement in pain and range of motion is shown.Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO‐CRD42020144671.
Cornerstones of a sustainable national quality policy: A qualitative study based on international expert opinions
Authors: Brouwers Jonas , Claessens Fien , Castro Eva Marie , Van Wilder Astrid , Eeckloo Kristof , Bruyneel Luk , De Ridder Dirk , Vanhaecht Kris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNational initiatives launched to improve the quality of care have grown exponentially over the last decade. Public reporting, accreditation and governmental inspection form the basis for quality in Flemish (Belgian) hospitals. Due to the lack of evidence for these national initiatives and the questions concerning their sustainability, our research aims to identify cornerstones of a sustainable national quality policy for acute‐care hospitals based on international expert opinion.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 12 renowned international quality and patient safety experts selected by purposive sampling. Interviews focussed on participants' perspectives and their recommendations for a future, sustainable quality policy. Inductive analysis was carried out with themes being generated from the data using the constant comparison method.ResultsThree major and five minor themes were identified and integrated into a framework as a basis for national quality policies. Quality culture, minimum requirements for quality education and quality control as well as continuous learning and improvement act as cornerstones of this framework.ConclusionsComplementary to the current national policy, this study demonstrated the need for profound attention to quality cultures in acute‐care hospitals. Policymakers need to provide a control system and minimum requirements for quality education for all healthcare workers. A model for continuous learning and improvement with data feedback loops has to be installed in each hospital to obtain a sustainable quality system. This framework can inspire policymakers to further develop bottom‐up initiatives in co‐governance with all relevant stakeholders adapted to individual hospitals' context.
Evaluation and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Summary Statement and Guidelines from the Fifth International Workshop
Authors: Bilezikian John P. , Khan Aliya A. , Silverberg Shonni J. , Fuleihan Ghada El-Hajj , Marcocci Claudio , Minisola Salvatore , Perrier Nancy , Sitges-Serra Antonio , Thakker Rajesh V. , Guyatt Gordon , Mannstadt Michael , Potts John T. , Clarke Bart L. , Brandi Maria Luisa ,   On behalf of the International Workshop on Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The last international guidelines on the evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were published in 2014. Research since that time has led to new insights into epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, measurements, genetics, outcomes, presentations, new imaging modalities, target and other organ systems, pregnancy, evaluation, and management. Advances in all these areas are demonstrated by the reference list in which the majority of listings were published after the last set of guidelines. It was thus, timely to convene an international group of over 50 experts to review these advances in our knowledge. Four Task Forces considered: 1. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Genetics; 2. Classical and Nonclassical Features; 3. Surgical Aspects; and 4. Management. For Task Force 4 on the Management of PHPT, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology addressed surgical management of asymptomatic PHPT and non-surgical medical management of PHPT. The findings of this systematic review that applied GRADE methods to randomized trials are published as part of this series. Task Force 4 also reviewed a much larger body of new knowledge from observations studies that did not specifically fit the criteria of GRADE methodology. The full reports of these 4 Task Forces immediately follow this summary statement. Distilling the essence of all deliberations of all Task Force reports and Methodological reviews, we offer, in this summary statement, evidence-based recommendations and guidelines for the evaluation and management of PHPT. Different from the conclusions of the last workshop, these deliberations have led to revisions of renal guidelines and more evidence for the other recommendations. The accompanying papers present an in-depth discussion of topics summarized in this report. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Osteoblast Lineage Support of Hematopoiesis in Health and Disease
Authors: Kim Matthew J. , Valderrábano Rodrigo J. , Wu Joy Y. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
In mammals, hematopoiesis migrates to the bone marrow during embryogenesis coincident with the appearance of mineralized bone, where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny are maintained by the surrounding microenvironment or niche, and sustain the entirety of the hematopoietic system. Genetic manipulation of niche factors and advances in cell lineage tracing techniques have implicated cells of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin as important regulators of hematopoiesis in health and disease. Among them, cells of the osteoblast lineage, from stromal skeletal stem cells to matrix-embedded osteocytes, are vital niche residents with varying capacities for hematopoietic support depending on stage of differentiation. Here, we review populations of osteoblasts at differing stages of differentiation and summarize the current understanding of the role of the osteoblast lineage in supporting hematopoiesis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Classical and Nonclassical Manifestations of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: El-Hajj Fuleihan Ghada , Chakhtoura Marlene , Cipriani Cristiana , Eastell Richard , Karonova Tatiana , Liu Jian-Min , Minisola Salvatore , Mithal Ambrish , Moreira Carolina A , Peacock Munro , Schini Marian , Silva Barbara , Walker Marcella , El Zein Ola , Marcocci Claudio 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
This narrative review summarizes data on classical and nonclassical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). It is based on a rigorous literature search, inclusive of a Medline search for systematic reviews from 1940 to December 2020, coupled with a targeted search for original publications, covering four databases, from January 2013–December 2020, and relevant articles from authors’ libraries. We present the most recent information, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest a research agenda. The shift in the presentation of PHPT from a predominantly symptomatic to an asymptomatic disease, with its varied manifestations, has presented several challenges. Subclinical nephrolithiasis and vertebral fractures are common in patients with asymptomatic disease. The natural history of asymptomatic PHPT with no end organ damage at diagnosis is unclear. Some observational and cross-sectional studies continue to show associations between PHPT and cardiovascular and neuropsychological abnormalities, among the different disease phenotypes. Their causal relationship is uncertain. Limited new data are available on the natural history of skeletal, renal, cardiovascular, neuropsychological, and neuromuscular manifestations and quality of life. Normocalcemic PHPT (NPHPT) is often diagnosed without the fulfillment of rigorous criteria. Randomized clinical trials have not demonstrated a consistent long-term benefit of parathyroidectomy (PTX) versus observation on nonclassical manifestations. We propose further refining the definition of asymptomatic disease, into two phenotypes: one without and one with evidence of target organ involvement, upon the standard evaluation detailed in our recommendations. Each of these phenotypes can present with or without non-classical manifestations. We propose multiple albumin-adjusted serum calcium determinations (albumin-adjusted and ionized) and exclusion of all secondary causes of high parathyroid hormone (PTH) when establishing the diagnosis of NPHPT. Refining the definition of asymptomatic disease into the phenotypes proposed will afford insights into their natural history and response to interventions. This would also pave the way for the development of evidence-based guidance and recommendations. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone Mineral Density Is Inversely Associated With Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Chao , Yan Chongnan , Duan Jingzhu 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Low bone mineral density (BMD) is suggested to be associated with increased mortality in the general health population, but the relationship in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is still unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association of BMD in different sites with risk of all-cause mortality in CKD patients. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify eligible cohort studies that evaluated the association between BMD at different sites and risk of all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Twelve cohort studies were identified, which included 2828 CKD patients and 1052 deaths. Compared with normal/high level of total body BMD, lower total body BMD was associated with 25% higher risk of all-cause mortality. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 1.42) with little heterogeneity across studies. Regarding BMD measured at different sites, the risk of all-cause mortality was highest for lower BMD at hip/femoral neck (pooled RR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.20, 2.40). The pooled RRs were 1.26 (95% CI 1.04, 1.53) and 1.17 (95% CI 1.00, 1.37) for lower BMD at arm and spine, respectively. Similarly, the risk of death for per SD decrease in BMD was also higher at hip/femoral neck (pooled RR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.15, 1.77) compared with arm (pooled RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00, 1.06) and spine (pooled RR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.98, 1.39). In conclusion, lower BMD values at hip, arm, spine, as well as the whole body are associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in CKD patients. The excess risk is highest for patients with lower BMD at hip/femoral neck, suggesting BMD measured at hip region may be the best indicator of mortality risk in CKD patients. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).