bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eficácia do ibuprofeno após artroplastia total de quadril para prevenção de ossificação heterotópica: Revisão sistemática e metanálise
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Ali , Ahmed Bilal , Shaikh Shehryar , Amin Hamza , Ali Syed Uzair 
Published: June 2022

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática e metanálise de estudos clínicos randomizados (ECRs) relevantes para determinar o papel do ibuprofeno, sua dose ideal, e a duração do tratamento na prevenção de ossificação heterotópica (OH) após a artroplastia total primária do quadril (ATQ). Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita nos bancos de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e Cochrane Library para a obtenção de ECRs que comparassem o uso de ibuprofeno e de placebo como profilaxia para OH em pacientes submetidos à ATQ. Os principais desfechos deste estudo foram ocorrência geral de OH, classificação de Brooker da OH, e complicações gastrintestinais. No total, 27 artigos foram identificados nos bancos de dados e 4 estudos, com 1.153 pacientes, foram incluídos na análise final. Em comparação ao placebo, o uso de ibuprofeno reduziu a incidência de OH aos 3 e 12 meses de acompanhamento e a incidência de OH Brooker II e III (p < 0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos que receberam ibuprofeno e placebo em termos de interrupção do tratamento devido a complicações gastrintestinais ou da incidência de OH Brooker I e IV (p > 0,05). Os dados existentes indicam que o ibuprofeno é seguro e eficaz na redução da incidência total de OH e de OH Brooker II e III durante o acompanhamento. No entanto, as conclusões são limitadas devido ao pequeno número de estudos; logo, mais estudos clínicos de alta qualidade são necessários para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes em relação à dose e duração ideal da terapia.
Biomechanical Comparison of a 3-Loop Pulley and a 4-Loop Pulley Suture for Tenorrhaphy in the Canine Gastrocnemius Tendon
Authors: O'Byrne Kadie L. , Sugiyama Takanori , Robinson Dale , Woodward Andrew P. , Ryan Stewart D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare a 3-loop pulley (3LP) suture pattern with a 4-loop pulley (4LP) suture pattern for the tenorrhaphy of the canine gastrocnemius tendon
Study Design Randomized, cadaveric, biomechanical study of 30 canine gastrocnemius tendons. Tendons were transected and repaired with either 3LP or 4LP suture pattern with 2–0 polypropylene. A tensile load was applied at 25 mm/min until construct failure. The load required to form a 1 mm gap, 3 mm gap and maximum load at failure was recorded and compared between groups.
Results The estimated mean load to form a 1 mm gap for the 3LP and 4LP was 28.4 N (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.0–32.6N) and 45.5 N (95% CI: 40.7–50.1N) respectively. The 4LP mean load to form a 1 mm gap was 17.1 N (95% CI: 11.7–22.5N) greater than the 3LP. The estimated mean load to form a 3mm gap for the 3LP and 4LP was 39.7 N (95% CI: 34.1–45.4N) and 55.0 N (95% CI: 49.3–60.9N) respectively. The mean load to form a 3mm gap was 15.3 N (95% CI: 8.5–21.9N) greater in the 4LP than the 3LP. The estimated mean load for failure in the 3LP and 4LP was 41.2 N (95% CI: 35.6–46.9 N) and 54.3 N (95% CI: 48.7–60.3 N) respectively.
Conclusion A 4LP pattern was biomechanically superior to a 3LP pattern, as demonstrated by a greater load required to form both a 1 and 3 mm gap and a greater load for failure
Clinical Significance A 4LP suture pattern better resists gap formation and requires greater load prior to construct failure compared with a 3LP, in this canine gastrocnemius model
Preconception Health in the Workplace: An Opportunity to Support Equitable Access to Education
Authors: Hill Briony , Savaglio Melissa , Blewitt Claire , Ahuja Kiran , Kandel Pragya , Madden Seonad , Hills Andrew P. , Skouteris Helen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPreconception health is a key determinant of pregnancy and offspring outcomes, but challenges reaching people during preconception are frequently cited by health professionals. This article highlights the workplace as an important setting for promoting equitable access to preconception health-related information and education to support optimal well-being before pregnancy. Workplaces can support equitable access to education and knowledge for preconception health: (1) due to the high engagement of reproductive-age women in the workforce and (2) by reaching vulnerable or high-risk population groups who may otherwise face barriers to accessing preconception health information. Literature that explicitly investigates workplace delivery of preconception health promotion programs is scarce. However, workplace health promotion more broadly is associated with improved corporate competitiveness, productivity, and strengthened employee–employer relationships. Workplace health promotion activities may also address social determinants of health and improve employee well-being outcomes. The opportunity for workplaces to benefit from an increase in the bottom line makes workplace health promotion programs more attractive, but organizational support and stakeholder engagement are needed to facilitate the design and delivery of successful workplace preconception health education programs. Such programs have the potential to facilitate health gains for women and their families.
Becoming a Neurosurgeon: A Perspective of the Ghanaian Female Neurosurgeon
Authors: Banson Mabel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChoosing a career path is not straightforward for most people, more so for the neurosurgeon. The decision-making process is influenced by knowledge of the options available, interest, and the pros and cons of the specific career path. Other factors that contribute are: previous education, family influence, exposure to mentors, and socioeconomic and cultural factors.This article is a perspective on becoming a neurosurgeon in Ghana, describing a path of determination, innovation, commitment, frustration, and the joy of making a difference—a career in Neurosurgery!
Beyond the nation-state: Anchoring supranational institutions in international business research
Authors: Hartmann Simon , Lindner Thomas , Müllner Jakob , Puck Jonas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we broaden the conceptualization of institutions beyond the nation-state and develop the concept of an institutional triality that represents two national institutional environments and the supranational level. While much of international business (IB) research has focused on national institutions and the differences between them, little attention and theorizing has been dedicated to the supranational institutions that form an integral part of the global institutional ecosystem. First, we conduct an interdisciplinary bibliometric survey on supranational institutions and a qualitative review of the central publications. Second, we initiate theory building and conceptualize supranational institutions from an IB point of view, distinguish them from related IB concepts, and discuss the conceptual properties of supranational institutions that are most relevant for MNCs. Building on these distinctions and properties, we provide a conceptual framework for understanding supranational institutions in the institutional triality. Third, we provide avenues for IB research building on the delineations, the conceptual properties, and the conceptual framework.
Optimization of growth parameters to obtain epitaxial large area growth of molybdenum disulfide using pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Gudi Dhanvini , Sen Payel , Forero Pico Andres Alejandro , Nandi Dipanjan , Gupta Manisha 
Published: June 2022

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising materials for device applications owing to their electronic, optical, and material properties varying with the number of monolayers. Synthesis of large area crystalline TMDC thin films is still challenging with techniques such as exfoliation and chemical vapor growth owing to the uncontrollability of deposition area and high temperature growths with toxic precursors, respectively. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a technique that can overcome these challenges owing to stoichiometric layer by layer growth control by optimizing the growth parameters. In this study, we optimize parameters such as temperature, post-growth annealing, inert gas pressure, and substrate–target distance during PLD growth of MoS2 to obtain uniform and highly crystalline thin films on an ∼1 in.2 substrate. The optimized growth conditions are 800 °C with a 30 min post-growth annealing at a laser fluence of 2.2 J/cm2 with a substrate–target distance of 5 cm and 0.5 mTorr of argon partial pressure. An RMS roughness of 0.17 nm was obtained for 3 nm (4 monolayers) thick MoS2 films with a thin film conductivity of ∼4000 S/m.
Memes as multimodal metaphors
Authors: Scott Kate 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article I analyse object labelling image macro internet memes as multimodal metaphors, taking the Distracted Boyfriend meme as a case study. Object labelling memes are multimodal texts in which users add labels to a stock photograph to convey messages that are often humorous or satirical in nature. Using the relevance-theoretic account of metaphor, I argue that object labelling memes are multimodal metaphors which are interpreted using the same processes as verbal metaphors. The labelling of the image guides the viewer in the construction of ad hoc concepts, and it is these ad hoc concepts that contribute to the overall meaning that is communicated. The analysis in this article is rooted in the relevance-theoretic claim that pragmatic interpretive processes are triggered by all and any ostensive acts of communication. I also draw heavily on Deirdre Wilson’s work on lexical pragmatics to show how this plays out in the case of a multimodal digital text. Memes, like verbal metaphors, do not require a special theory or framework. They can be understood as ostensive stimuli which trigger the search for an optimally relevant interpretation.
Interpretation, relevance and the ideological effects of discursive practice
Authors: Assimakopoulos Stavros 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Research in Critical Discourse Studies has for long recognised the central role that both direct and indirect
communicative strategies play in the reproduction of social inequality, but a main proponent of this approach has expressed
scepticism with regard to the contribution that theories of pragmatics which specifically focus on speaker intentions can make to
its agenda. This paper sets out to examine how relevance theory’s theoretical machinery can be applied to the critical discussion
of ideology in discourse, by offering insights that overcome the limitations imposed by this concentration of its precursors on
speaker intentions. More specifically, I discuss how the cognitive perspective that relevance theory adopts can inform our
understanding of the way in which ideological effects automatically arise during spontaneous utterance interpretation. After
accounting for the derivation of these effects, I briefly suggest how it can additionally be taken to underlie the propagation of
ideologies through discursive practice.
Toward controlling wetting hysteresis with nanostructured surfaces derived from block copolymer self-assembly
Authors: Al Hossain Aktaruzzaman , Dick Austin , Doerk Gregory , Colosqui Carlos E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of nanostructured surfaces via block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly enables a precise control of the surface feature shape within a range of dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers. This work studies how to exploit this ability to control the wetting hysteresis and liquid adhesion forces as the substrate undergoes chemical aging and changes in its intrinsic wettability. Via BCP self-assembly we fabricate nanostructured surfaces on silicon substrates with a hexagonal array of regular conical pillars having a fixed period (52 nm) and two different heights (60 and 200 nm), which results in substantially different lateral and top surface areas of the nanostructure. The wetting hysteresis of the fabricated surfaces is characterized using force–displacement measurements under quasistaic conditions and over sufficiently long periods of time for which the substrate chemistry and surface energy, characterized by the Young contact angle, varies significantly. The experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that controlling the lateral and top area of the nanostructure not only controls the degree of wetting hysteresis but can also make the advancing and receding contact angles less susceptible to chemical aging. These results can help rationalize the design of nanostructured surfaces for different applications such as self-cleaning, enhanced heat transfer, and drag reduction in micro/nanofluidic devices.
Bulk superconductivity and non-trivial band topology analysis of Pb2Pd
Authors: Sharma M M , Karn N K , Rani Poonam , Bhowmik R N , Awana V P S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, we report single crystal growth of superconducting binary compound Pb2Pd. The crystal is well characterized through x-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bulk superconducting nature of the synthesized crystal is determined through AC susceptibility and magneto-heat capacity measurements. The specific heat jump at superconducting transition suggests Pb2Pd to be a moderately coupled s-wave superconductor. The topological non-trivial character of Pb2Pd is evidenced through bulk electronic band structure and Z2 invariants, which are calculated under the protocols of density functional theory. Surface states spectrum of Pb2Pd is also studied, which further claims Pb2Pd to have topological non-trivial band structure.
Lateral predictive coding revisited: internal model, symmetry breaking, and response time
Authors: Huang Zhen-Ye , Fan Xin-Yi , Zhou Jianwen , Zhou Hai-Jun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Predictive coding is a promising theoretical framework in neuroscience for understanding information transmission and perception. It posits that the brain perceives the external world through internal models and updates these models under the guidance of prediction errors. Previous studies on predictive coding emphasized top-down feedback interactions in hierarchical multilayered networks but largely ignored lateral recurrent interactions. We perform analytical and numerical investigations in this work on the effects of single-layer lateral interactions. We consider a simple predictive response dynamics and run it on the MNIST dataset of hand-written digits. We find that learning will generally break the interaction symmetry between peer neurons, and that high input correlation between two neurons does not necessarily bring strong direct interactions between them. The optimized network responds to familiar input signals much faster than to novel or random inputs, and it significantly reduces the correlations between the output states of pairs of neurons.
Particle production at large p

T
in Xe+Xe collisions with jet quenching using the higher twist approach*
Authors: Zhang Qing , Dai Wei , Wang Lei , Zhang Ben-Wei , Wang Enke 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The production of

, η, and ϕ in the most central (0%–5%) Xe+Xe collisions at

= 5.44 TeV is investigated in the framework of the perturbative QCD (pQCD) improved parton model at an accuracy of next-to-leading order (NLO). The jet quenching effect is effectively incorporated by medium-modified fragmentation functions via the higher-twist approach. Predictions of the nuclear modification factors of

, η, and ϕ as functions of the transverse momentum

are made with the jet transport parameter

, which is extracted from the available experimental data of charged hadrons provided by ALICE and CMS. The particle ratios

as functions of

in Xe+Xe collisions at

= 5.44 TeV as well as in 0%–5% Pb + Pb collisions at

= 5.02 TeV are also presented. The numerical simulations of the scaled ratios of charged hadron production in the Xe+Xe 5.44 TeV system over those in the Pb+Pb 5.02 TeV system give a good description of the CMS data, and the scaled ratios of

, η, and ϕ production coincide with the curve of charged hadron production.
Measuring gross beryllium erosion with visible cameras in JET
Authors: de la Cal E. , Losada U. , Balboa I. , Borodin D. , Borodkina I. , Brezinsek S. , Carvalho P. , Dittmar T. , Douai D. , Huber A. , Huber V. , Karhunen J. , Manzanares A. , Pawelec E. , Romazanov J. , Shaw A. , Silburn S. , Solano E.R. , JET Contributors  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Two visible cameras with the same wide-angle view have been used to study the gross beryllium (Be) erosion in JET. An absolutely calibrated spectroscopy system employed in the past for the same object was used to quantitatively infer the camera photon fluxes and also to validate the results. To extract the effective sputtering yield, a simplified method is applied from the quotient of the measured radiances of the D
α
and the Be II line at 527 nm. The obtained results are in reasonably good agreement with those already published. The main benefit of using cameras is that the global view of the plasma–wall interaction surfaces of the whole vessel is monitored, and the different sources and their wetted areas can be identified and quantified. In addition, the measurement of the particle flux distributions can be used for the validation of three-dimensional erosion-transport codes.
Estimates of foil thickness, signal, noise, and nuclear heating of imaging bolometers for ITER
Authors: Peterson B.J. , Nishitani T. , Reichle R. , Munechika K. , O'Mullane M.G. , Mukai K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Imaging bolometers have been studied for ITER to serve as a complementary diagnostic to the resistive bolometers for the measurement of radiated power. Two tangentially viewing InfraRed imaging Video Bolometers (IRVB) could be proposed for an ITER equatorial port, one having a view of the entire plasma cross-section (core viewing) and one tilted down 43 degrees from the horizontal to view the divertor (divertor viewing). The IRVBs have 7 cm (horizontal) by 9 cm (vertical) Pt sensor foils, 6 mm × 6 mm apertures, 15 × 20 pixels and focal lengths of 7.8 cm and 21 cm, respectively. Using SANCO and SOLPS models for a 840 m3 plasma radiating 67.3 MW, synthetic images from the IRVBs are calculated to estimate the maximum signal strengths to be 246 W/m2 and 62 W/m2, respectively. We propagate the X-ray energy spectra from the models through the synthetic diagnostics to give the photon energy spectrum for each IRVB pixel, which are used to calculate the fraction of the power absorbed by the foil as a function of foil thickness. Using a criteria of >95% absorbed power fraction, we selected foil thicknesses of 30 μm and 10 μm, respectively. We used these thicknesses and assumed IR systems having 105 fps, 1024×1280 pixels and sensitivities of 15 mK, to calculate the IRVB sensitivities of 3.19 W/m2 and 1.05 W/m2, and signal to noise ratios of 77 and 59, respectively. Using the Monte Carlo Nuclear Particle code we calculated for the core viewing IRVB the foil heating by neutrons to be 1.0 W/m2 and by gammas to be 117 W/m2. This indicates that countermeasures may be needed to remove the nuclear heating signal.
Observation of radiation damage in CdTe Schottky sensors created by 20 keV photons
Authors: Meyer M. , Andrä M. , Barten R. , Bergamaschi A. , Brückner M. , Busca P. , Carulla Areste M. , Chiriotti S. , Dinapoli R. , Fajardo P. , Fröjdh E. , Greiffenberg D. , Heymes J. , Hinger V. , Kozlowski P. , Lopez-Cuenca C. , Mezza D. , Mozzanica A. , Redford S. , Ruat M. , Ruder C. , Schmitt B. , Thattil D. , Tinti G. , Vetter S. , Zhang J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The polarization characteristics of ohmic and (Al-)Schottky type CdTe sensors supplied by Acrorad have been characterized with the low noise, charge integrating readout chip JUNGFRAU, revealing defined areas in the Schottky type sensors, which were irradiated with 20 keV photons in previous experiments more than one year ago. These areas, which have absorbed doses of up to 1079 kGy, show a more robust charge collection compared to unirradiated areas. In contrast to this, no alteration of the polarization characteristics could be found in ohmic type CdTe sensors after irradiation. The polarization behavior of the sensors has been characterized in-situ over time and at different temperatures by using an homogeneous, low flux molybdenum fluorescence illumination. An increase of the leakage current in the irradiated areas was found and quantified as a function of absorbed dose as well as its influence on the stability on the number of photon counts. In addition to the influence of X-ray irradiation, the effect of thermal annealing on the polarization characteristics of Schottky type CdTe sensors has been studied. Possible routes for the usage of Schottky type CdTe sensors in synchrotron applications are outlined in this publication.
Urban and rural carbon footprints in developing countries
Authors: Connolly Mairéad , Shan Yuli , Bruckner Benedikt , Li Ruoqi , Hubacek Klaus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A good understanding of household carbon emissions is an important part of forming climate mitigation strategies to achieve the goals set out in the Paris Agreement. Numerous studies have been carried out on emissions from household consumption and the inequality between urban and rural areas in high-income developed countries, but there is a lack of in-depth analysis of such differences in developing countries. Our research details household carbon footprints (CFs) of four urban and four rural income categories for 90 developing countries, by linking global expenditure data to the environmentally extended multi-regional input–output approach. We show that there are large inequalities between urban and rural areas in developing countries. The average per capita CF in urban areas tends to be larger than that of rural inhabitants ranging from twice as large to nine times larger. We find that electricity consumption and transport are the largest contributors to the total CF in all expenditure groups. High-income rural households have an average per capita CF of 12.38 t CO2 which is 25% higher than the equivalent urban high-income group, which deviates from the literature looking at a subset of cases. Our study contributes to the existing research on CFs by providing knowledge on the consumption patterns and related carbon emissions of urban and rural populations in these understudied parts of the world.
Anisothermal chemical reactions: Onsager–Machlup and macroscopic fluctuation theory
Authors: Renger D R Michiel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study a micro and macroscopic model for chemical reactions with feedback between reactions and temperature of the solute. The first result concerns the quasipotential as the large-deviation rate of the microscopic invariant measure. The second result is an application of modern Onsager–Machlup theory to the pathwise large deviations, in case the system is in detailed balance. The third result is an application of macroscopic fluctuation theory to the reaction flux large deviations, in case the system is in complex balance.