bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generic finite-fault model for ground-motion prediction in eastern North America
Authors: Beresnev Igor A. , Atkinson Gail M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGround-motion models based on the Brune point-source approximation have an underlying ω2 spectrum, with a single corner frequency. These models over-predict observed spectral amplitudes at low to intermediate frequencies (∼0.1 to 2 Hz), for earthquakes with moment magnitudes M of 4 or greater. The empirical spectra of moderate to large events tend to sag at these frequencies, relative to the level suggested by the Brune point-source model.A model that accounts for the finite extent of the fault plane correctly describes the observed spectral shapes. The model represents seismic radiation as a sum of contributions from several subfaults. Each subfault may be represented as a point source, and each subevent has an ω2 spectrum. When contributions to ground motion at an observation point are summed over all subfaults, the resulting spectral shape has two corner frequencies and more closely matches observed spectra. The more realistic spectral shape obtained through finite-fault modeling reflects the underlying reality that the radiation from real faults is formed by ruptures of their smaller parts, whose corner frequencies are higher than those implied by the full fault dimension. The two corners appear naturally as a result of subevent summation.We use the stochastic finite-fault methodology to simulate the recorded ground-motion data from all significant earthquakes in eastern North America (ENA). These data include eight events of M &gt; 4 recorded on modern digital instruments (regional seismographs and strong-motion instruments), and three historical events of M 5.8 to 7.3 recorded on analog instruments. The goodness of fit of synthetics to the data is defined as simulation bias, which is indicated by the difference between the logarithms of the observed and the simulated spectrum, averaged over all recordings of an earthquake. The finite-fault simulations provide an unbiased fit to the observational database over a broad frequency range (0.1 to 50 Hz), for all events.A surprising conclusion of these simulations is that the subfault size that best fits the observed spectral shape increases linearly with moment magnitude, in an apparently deterministic manner. This strongly suggests that the subfault size can be unambiguously defined by the magnitude of the simulated earthquake. In this case, the radiation-strength factor(s), which is proportional to the square root of the high-frequency Fourier acceleration level, remains the only free parameter of the model. Its value is related to the maximum slip velocity on the fault. The strength factors for all modeled ENA events are within the range of 1.0 to 1.6, with the exception of the Saguenay mainshock (s = 2.2). This suggests a remarkable uniformity in earthquake slip processes.
A simple orthonormalization method for stable and efficient computation of Green's functions
Authors: Wang Rongjiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Some major matrix methods for computation of Green's functions of a layered half-space model are compared. It is known that the original Thomson-Haskell propagator algorithm has the loss-of-precision problem when waves become evanescent. The minor matrix extension solves to some extent the numerical problem but at the expense of the computational efficiency. At present, the recursive technique (the reflectivity method) is used by most seismologists. An alternative algorithm is presented that uses the same strategy as the original propagator algorithm but avoids the numerical problem by inserting an additional numerical procedure into the matrix propagation loop. The new technique is simple and efficient, and in particular, it is not only applicable to the matrix method but also to any numerical integration method for general use. High-frequency synthetic seismograms are computed for modeling significant site effects such as observed in the aftershocks of the Latur earthquake, 1993, India.
A point pattern analysis of the distribution of earthquakes in Normandy (France)
Authors: Amorese D. , Lagarde J.-L. , Laville E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A new mathematical method has been developed to guide the interpretation of sparse epicenter distributions. The aim of the technique is the assessment of the significance of epicenter alignments. This assessment is connected to the detection of seismic faults. The method has been tested on synthetic data sets and on seismicity from the San Francisco Bay area. These tests show high detection capabilities. When the method is applied to actual data, in order to discard artificial lines, the interpreter must check the results using geological information. The method is applied to epicenters in Western Normandy: The main structural directions of Normandy are tracked by sparse epicenters.
Ideology, Politics and Society in Antonio Gramsci's Theory of Hegemony
Authors: Leśniak Tomasz 
Published: November 2022

In this article, I examine Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony by situating it in relation to a more general intellectual and socio-political context involving orthodox Marxism, October Revolution and Italian fascism. I first briefly outline the problem of economism in Marxist theory, as it is the main object of Gramsci's critique developed fully in the Prison Notebooks. The next two sections are devoted to October Revolution and Italian fascism, interpreted as two elements of the socio-political conjuncture which called into question Marx's 'base/superstructure' model of society and its mechanistic rearticulation. Finally, I discuss Gramsci's mature political theory as an attempt to break with economic determinism and class reductionism of classical and orthodox Marxist theory. I argue that his original conception of hegemony constitutes an advance towards a non-essentialist and relational conception of politics and society.
INTERRELATION BETWEEN MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME ACTIVITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SECONDARY POLYPHENOL NATURE METABOLITES IN HEMIPARASITE VISCUM ALBUM L. LEAVES
Authors: Adzhiakhmetova S. L. , Pozdnyakov D. I. , Chervonnaya N. M. , Kulichenko E. O. , Oganesyan E. T. 
Published: November 2022

Antioxidants are widely used in practical medicine. Not only the search for new plant antioxidants, but also the study of the factors affecting their accumulation in plants, are relevant.The aim is to study the interrelation between the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and the antioxidant activity of the secondary polyphenolic nature metabolites in hemiparasite Viscum Album L. leaves.Materials and methods. The sampling material was Viscum album L. leaves, collected in winter from a host tree, Malus domestica Borkh. The extraction of biologically active substances was carried out with ethyl alcohol of various concentrations (90%, 70% and 50%), or purified water. The amount of total antioxidants was estimated by the amperometric method. The amount of total phenols was evaluated in the reaction with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The concentration of total flavonoids was estimated by the change in the optical density of the rutin with aluminum (III) chloride complex. The antioxidant properties of the analyzed extracts were determined in vitro in the induced lipid peroxidation test. The activity of aconitase was assessed by a conjugated aconitase-isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction, citrate synthase – by changing the color intensity of the Ellman reagent solution, succinate dehydrogenase were determined in the reaction of succinate-dependent oxidation of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol.Results. The carried out study showed that the maximum amount of total phenols (2.39±0.05%) is observed in a 50% ethanol extract from Viscum album L. leaves, with the content of total flavonoids equal to 1.83±0.04%, and the antioxidants equal to 0.503±0.007 mg/g (a quercetin equivalent) and 0.322±0.006 mg/g (a gallic acid equivalent). A 50% ethanol extract suppressed lipid peroxidation in the model mixture with IC50=106.3±1.09 µg/ml. In Viscum album L. leaves, a high activity of aconitase which strongly correlated (r=0.88416) with changes in the concentration of flavonoids, has been notified.Conclusion. The optimal extractant for obtaining extracts with a high antioxidant activity is 50% ethyl alcohol. The analysis of the mitochondrial enzymes activity showed that in Viscum album L. leaves collected in winter, a high activity of aconitase strongly correlated with changes in the concentration of flavonoids (r=0.88416).
Evidencias de validez del inventario de respuestas de afrontamiento al estrés durante el covid-19, para estudiantes universitarios de Chiclayo (Perú)
Authors: Arévalo Luna Edmundo , Ruiz Alva César , Gamarra Moncayo José 
Published: November 2022

El presente es un estudio tecnológico de tipo instrumental, cuyo objetivo fue obtener evidencias iniciales de validez de una nueva versión del Inventario de Respuestas de Afrontamiento al Estrés, originalmente elaborado por Arévalo en el año 2008. Primero, se llevó a cabo la redefinición de las dimensiones evaluadas, así como también la reformulación y reducción del número de ítems. La validez de contenido se estableció mediante evaluación por jueces. Las siguientes etapas de este trabajo se realizaron en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Chiclayo (Perú), con edades de 18 a 25 años. La adecuación lingüística fue evaluada en un primer grupo de 20 estudiantes. El análisis de la estructura interna y la confiabilidad se realizó en 200 estudiantes y el estudio de normalización en 800 estudiantes. Los valores del coeficiente V de Aiken fueron superiores a 0.80 para cada uno de los reactivos; así mismo, en el análisis ítem-test, se obtuvieron correlaciones por encima de 0.67. El análisis factorial exploratorio mediante componentes principales y rotación varimax estableció tres factores, las cargas de los ítems en dichos factores estuvieron, para el afrontamiento directo, entre 0.679 y 0.770; en el afrontamiento desadaptativo, entre 0.662 y 0.867 y en el afrontamiento defensivo, entre 0.614 y 0.790. La confiabilidad a través del método de las mitades y alfa de Cronbach, reportó valores por encima de 0.80 en cada uno de los factores. Estos resultados indican adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Finalmente, se elaboró una norma interpretativa única para toda la muestra, ya que no se hallaron diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones de hombres y mujeres.
Identification of Potential Hub Genes ,Immune Cells and Target Drugs of Peri-Implantitis related to chromosome Using Bioinformatics Tool
Authors: Qin Zishun , Jiang Huaxiang , Wu JianXin , Zeng Hui , Hu Xi , Yang Fengrui , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background：Peri-Implantitis (PI) is a pathological condition associated with dental plaque that occurs in the tissue around dental implant. The traditional methods of evaluating PI have limitations in clinical practice. Non-invasive and accurate diagnosis of PI is essential for determining the appropriate treatment. By integrating and analysing two microarray platform datasets from the GEO database, we aim to identify the diagnostic biomarkers of PI, find the target drugs , and guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PI.
Methods: The differentially expressed genes (DEG) of PI were identified by integrating two datasets (GSE57631 and GSE106090) into the GEO database using sva and limma packages of R. Then, the main biological functions of DEG were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The hub genes associated with PI were identified by WGCNA, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape. The core genes associated with PI were determined through LASSO regression . Meanwhile, The content of immune cells in normal tissue and PI were evaluated using the CIBERSORT . Finally, target drugs and the target miRNA of PI chromosomes were found by Drug Signature Database and TargetScan respectively.
Results：A total of 425 DEG were found in PI, including 214 upregulated and 211 downregulated genes. GO analysis shows that DEGs were enriched in biological processes related to inflammation, the enriched pathways in the KEGG pathway analysis were Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway.The results of GSEA revealed that the gene expression of B cells was higher than myeloid (NES = 2.51) in Peri-Implantitis group. Ten hub genes associated with PI were found by WGCNA analysis. Two core genes (CD38 and IRF4) related to Peri-Implantitis were obtained by LASSO. 32 hub genes related to PI chromosomes were found by PPI network constructed by Cytoscape. 22 kinds of immune cells and 13 kinds of immune reaction processes related to PI were identified by CIBERSORT. Ten target drugs and ten target miRNA were found by Drug Signature Database and TargetScan respectively.
Conclusions: Through the bioinformatics analysis of merged datasets, the Hub genes, immune cells and target drugs related to Peri-Implantitis chromosomes were screened. The results can provide guidance for the clinical treatment of Peri-Implantitis.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment in China: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Fan Zhilei , Wei Yan , Xu Ningze , Huang Xiaolin , Cheng Jingliang , Chen Yingyao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Facing the medical arms race and the pressing need for cost containment, hospital administrators in China have gained a growing interest in improving the financial efficiency of imaging examinations. This study aims to assess the cost-benefit situation of China’s magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) services and initially explore its relevant factors based on a nationwide survey.
Methods: Real-world data of 138 sets of MRI equipment were obtained from a nationwide retrospective investigation. Cost-benefit analysis and respective sensitivity analyses were performed from the hospital’s perspective. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression was introduced to identify the factors that influenced the benefit-cost ratio (BCR), taking a single MRI set as the unit of analysis.
Results: The average annual costs of MRI operation during 2013-2017 in Chinese hospitals was $701,146, of which the share of MRI imager accounted for 51.88%. The average annual revenues from MRI examination were $1219,527, and the benefit-cost ratio was around 1.74. Different scenarios were tested using sensitivity analyses, and the BCR still remained above 1.00 for the most unfavorable scenario (138.02%). In the hierarchical OLS model, the hospital-grade was recognized as the only significant factor among the covariates selected (P<0.01), yet the full model showed that factors at service level all had impacts on the BCRs (P<0.05), including the acquisition expense of MRI, maintenance costs, annual service amounts and the charge for an examination, with hospital-grade reversed being statistically insignificant (P>0.05).
Conclusions: The current MRI services at China’s medical institutions are cost-benefit from the hospital’s perspective. Nonetheless, high acquisition expense on MRI imagers still urges administrators of hospitals at different levels to choose appropriate type with consideration of their service capacity.
Trial registration: Not applicable
Preliminary in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of Uncaria gambier (Hunt) Roxb extract as a potential herbal-based pulpotomy medicament
Authors: Tan Bee Chin , Mahyuddin Alida , Sockalingam S Nagarajan MP , Zakaria Ahmad Shuhud Irfani 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The downfall of formocresol as a pulpotomy medicament highlights the importance of cytotoxic evaluation and the establishment of a safe concentration of dental material prior to its usage in the oral cavity. Uncaria gambir is a herbal plant that possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential as an alternative medicament for pulpotomy. However, a study on its cytotoxicity is lacking. Here, we investigated the concentration and time-dependent toxicity of Uncaria gambir extract towards the M3CT3-E1 cell line and compared it with the gold standard pulpotomy medicament: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
Methods
Uncaria gambir extracts at concentrations ranging from 1000 to 7.8 µg/ml and MTA eluates at 4- and 48 hours setting times were prepared. 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and culture media were used as positive and negative control respectively. Cell viability on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 were analysed using Alamar Blue and Live and Dead Cell assay. Any morphological cellular changes were evaluated using transmission electron microscopes (TEM). Data were analysed using a two-way mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Results
The interaction between the concentration and exposure time on the fluorescence intensity of Uncaria gambir extract and MTA 48 hours was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). No cytotoxic effects on the cells were exerted by both MTA 48 hours and Uncaria gambir extract at a concentration below 500 µg/mL. TEM analysis and Live and Dead Cell assay for both materials were comparable to the negative control. No significant differences in fluorescent intensity were observed between Uncaria gambir extract at 500 µg/mL and MTA 48 hours (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Uncaria gambir extracts at a maximum concentration of 500 µg/mL are non-cytotoxic over time and are comparable to the MTA.
An Explainable Deep Network Framework with Case-based Reasoning Strategies for Survival Analysis in Cancer
Authors: Liu Guanghui , Bichindaritz Isabelle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Survival analysis has currently become an essential statistical research hotspot that models the time-to-event information with data censorship handling. Such technique yields extensive applications in carcinoma treatment and prediction. Deep neural networks (DNNs) also exhibit unusual appeal for survival analysis because of their non-linear nature. However, DNNs are often described as “black box” models. A black box model is a model that is extremely hard or practically impossible to explain. In this study, we propose an explainable deep network framework for survival prediction in cancer. We utilize the strategy of the nearest distance retrieval in case-based reasoning (CBR) to provide useful insights into the inner workings of the deep network. First, we use an autoencoder network to reconstruct the features of a training input. We create a prototype layer, which can store the weight vector following the encoded input and to receive the output from the encoder. In this deep survival model network, the total loss function consists of four terms: the negative log partial likelihood function of the Cox model, the autoencoder loss, and two interpretability prototype distance terms. We use an adaptive weights approach to combine the four loss terms. The network that the prototype layer learns during training naturally comes with an explanation for each prediction. We also introduce Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values to explain each feature importance that significantly contributes to the model’ predictions. This study employs cross-validation and the concordance index for assessing the predicting effect. Stringent cross-verification testing processes on two cancer methylation data sets demonstrate that the developed approach is effective.
Optimisation of methods for isolation of primary cancer cells from breast cancer tumour
Authors: Piwocka Oliwia , Musielak Marika , Ampuła Karolina , Piotrowski Igor , Adamczyk Beata , Fundowicz Magdalena , Suchorska Wiktoria Maria , Malicki Julian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Primary cell lines are an invaluable tool to explore cancer biology and molecular processes and investigate novel treatments. Despite their numerous advantages, primary cultures are laborious to obtain and maintain in culture thus rarely used in the laboratory. In this paper, we tested various methods for isolating primary breast cancer cultures that differed in enzymatic composition, incubation times and other methodologies. Finally, we optimised a method (Method 5) that gave rise to primary cell culture BC160. This approach combines mechanical disaggregation with enzymatic digestion by collagenase IV and hyaluronidase, followed by centrifugation. The cell line obtained by this method has a unique set of features with a strong influence of extracellular matrix remodelling genes. Primary cell lines have a high potential to become a model of choice, hence it is essential to elaborate and categorise isolation methods, develop approaches to separate heterogeneous cultures and investigate factors influencing the establishment of primary cell lines.
Oleuropein Against Gastric Cancer: A New Hope of Therapy
Authors: Türkdoğan Kürşad , Koçyiğit Abdurrahim , Güler Eray Metin , Özer Ömer Faruk , Demir Kübra , Uğur Halime 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), the main phenolic compound of the olive fruit and leaves, has many healthful effects. Gastric cancer is the most fatal malignity in many parts of the world and it is generally related to harmful dietetic factors. The anticarcinogenic role of OLE in gastric cancer has not been studied sufficiently yet. In this study, we aimed to search the cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of OLE on gastric adeno cancer (G.CA) cells in vitro.
The performance of a standard cell line (G.CA) produced from G.CA cells was evaluated after a 24-hour exposure to OLE at varied dosages. The cytotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and genotoxicity were examined using the ATP analysis for viable cells, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate assay (H2DCF-DA), and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis analysis (Comet Assay), respectively. Through the use of flow cytometry, the triggering of apoptosis was revealed.
OLE reduced G.CA cells viability (64%) at maximum concentration (500 μmol/L) and also resulted in approximately 100% DNA damage, 60% apoptosis and necrosis in G.CA cells depending on the increased doses. Malign cell viability was also significantly decreased in relation to growing amount intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) grades (p <0.05-0.001).
In conclusion, Oleuropein has shown very significant anticarcinogen effects against G.CA cells in vitro. Nutrition rich in olive and extra virgin olive oil seems to be both protective and therapeutic against gastric cancer and Oleuropein may be a new, potential chemotherapeutic agent in the near future.