bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the relationship between AP STEM course‐taking and college major selection: Gender and racial differences
Authors: Jewett Elizabeth C. , Chen Rong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo meet the growing demand for the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and remain competitive in the fields of science and technology over the next decade, the United States is expected to need more than 1 million additional STEM professionals. This would require an annual increase of 34% in undergraduate STEM degrees over the next decade to meet the projected need.PurposeThis study examined the relationship between Advanced Placement (AP) STEM course‐taking in high school and selection of college STEM majors and whether the relationship differs by gender and race/ethnicity.Design/MethodFor controlling student and school factors, a binary logistic regression model with the clustered standard error was utilized to determine the relationship between AP STEM course‐taking and STEM major selection. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to further understand how AP STEM course‐taking was associated with engineering major selection. The analysis included a series of interaction effects tests, examining the variation of gender and racial/ethnic differences in STEM and, more specifically, engineering major selection as a function of AP STEM course‐taking.ResultsFindings indicate gender and AP STEM course exposure are significant in predicting STEM major selection. Interaction effects test results further show that the relationship between AP STEM course‐taking and STEM major selection varies significantly by gender. A similar pattern is found in the relationship between AP STEM course‐taking and engineering major selection.ConclusionThis study provides much‐needed empirical evidence to understand the relationships between AP STEM courses course‐taking in high school and the selection of college STEM majors and how such relationships vary by race/ethnicity and gender. Additional research is encouraged to inform future educators and policymakers in promoting equity for students in pursuing paths to STEM and, more specifically, engineering‐related careers.
Higher recipient pre‐transplant FOXP3 mRNA expression is associated with acute leukaemia relapse after HSCT
Authors: Jacobsen Niels , Frisch Tina , Keiding Niels , Heilmann Carsten , Sengeløv Henrik , Madsen Hans O. , Dickmeiss Ebbe , Ryder Lars P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effect of higher FOXP3 mRNA expression by recipient pre‐transplant CD4+ T cells on leukaemia relapse was analysed in a series of 106 patients who received allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation after myeloablative conditioning with or without antithymocyte globulin (ATG) due to acute leukaemia in 1st or 2nd complete remission. FOXP3 mRNA was measured by qPCR in purified CD4+ T cells from blood obtained before conditioning. Higher FOXP3 mRNA expression was associated with an increased relapse risk when conditioning included ATG (n = 43, hazard ratio [HR] 11.0 [2.50–48.4], p = 0.00001). No effect was observed in patients not receiving ATG (HR 0.95 [0.53–1.81]).
How longitudinal observational studies can guide screening strategy for rare diseases
Authors: Mütze Ulrike , Mengler Katharina , Boy Nikolas , Gleich Florian , Opladen Thomas , Garbade Sven F. , Kölker Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) is an important secondary prevention program, aiming to shift the paradigm of medicine to the pre‐clinical stage of a disease. Starting more than 50 years ago, technical advances, such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), paved the way to a continuous extension of NBS programs. However, formal evidence of the long‐term clinical benefits in large cohorts and cost‐effectiveness of extended NBS programs is still scarce. Although published studies confirmed important benefits of NBS programs, it also unraveled a significant number of limitations. These include an incompletely understood natural history and phenotypic diversity of some screened diseases, unreliable early and precise prediction of individual disease severity, uncertainty about case definition, risk stratification, and indication to treat, resulting in a diagnostic and treatment dilemma in individuals with ambiguous screening and confirmatory test results. Interoperable patient registries are multi‐purpose tools that could help to close the current knowledge gaps and to inform further optimization of NBS strategy. Standing at the edge of introducing high throughput genetic technologies to NBS programs with the opportunity to massively extend NBS programs and with the risk of aggravating current limitations of NBS programs, it seems overdue to include mandatory long‐term follow‐up of NBS cohorts into the list of screening principles and to build an international collaborative framework that enables data collection and exchange in a protected environment, integrating the perspectives of patients, families, and the society.
Herpesvirus infections in adenoids in patients with chronic adenotonsillar disease
Authors: Ivaska Lotta E. , Silvoniemi Antti , Mikola Emilia , Puhakka Tuomo , Waris Matti , Vuorinen Tytti , Jartti Tuomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdenoids and tonsils have gained interest as a new in vivo model to study local immune functions and virus reservoirs. Especially herpesviruses are interesting because their prevalence and persistence in local lymphoid tissue are incompletely known. Our aim was to study herpesvirus and common respiratory virus infections in nonacutely ill adenotonsillar surgery patients. Adenoid and/or palatine tonsil tissue and nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were collected from elective adenoidectomy (n = 45) and adenotonsillectomy (n = 44) patients (median age: 5, range: 1–20). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 22 distinct viruses from collected samples. The overall prevalence of herpesviruses was 89% and respiratory viruses 94%. Human herpesviruses 6 (HHV6), 7 (HHV7), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) were found, respectively, in adenoids (33%, 26%, 25%), tonsils (45%, 52%, 23%), and NPA (46%, 38%, 25%). Copy numbers of the HHV6 and HHV7 genome were significantly higher in tonsils than in adenoids. Patients with intra‐adenoid HHV6 were younger than those without. Detection rates of EBV and HHV7 showed agreement between corresponding sample types. This study shows that adenoid and tonsil tissues commonly harbor human herpes‐ and respiratory viruses, and it shows the differences in virus findings between sample types.
The influence of isolated femur and tibia rotations on patellar tendon stress: A sensitivity analysis using finite element analysis
Authors: Park Kyungmi , Keyak Joyce H. , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of frontal and transverse plane rotations of the femur and tibia on peak maximum principal stress in the patellar tendon. Using finite element modeling, patellar tendon stress profiles of eight healthy individuals were obtained during a simulated squatting task (45° of knee flexion). The femur and tibia of each model were rotated 10° (in 2° increments) along their respective axes beyond that of the natural degree of rotation. This process was repeated for the transverse plane (internal and external rotation) and frontal plane (adduction and abduction). Quasi‐static loading simulations were performed to quantify peak maximum principal stress in patellar tendon. Internal and external rotations of the femur and tibia that exceeded 4° beyond that of the natural rotation resulted in progressively greater patellar tendon stress (p < 0.05). Incremental femur and tibia adduction and abduction resulted in an increase in patellar tendon stress, but only at the end range of motions evaluated. These results suggest that tibiofemoral rotations in the frontal and transverse planes have the potential to influence patellar tendon stress. In particular, patellar tendon stress is highly sensitive to small degrees of tibia and/or femur motions in the transverse plane.
Metabolic regulation of intrasynovial flexor tendon repair: The effects of dichloroacetate administration on early tendon healing in a canine model
Authors: Gelberman Richard H. , Lane Ryan A. , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly E. , Thomopoulos Stavros , Shen Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnriched in glycolytic enzymes, paucicellular and hypovascular intrasynovial flexor tendons fail to mount an effective healing response after injury and repair. In contrast, well‐vascularized extrasynovial flexor tendons possess high levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzymes and have a markedly improved healing capacity. This study was designed to compare the metabolic profiles of the two types of tendons and to evaluate the impact of metabolic reprogramming on early intrasynovial tendon healing in a clinically relevant canine model. Results showed that healthy intrasynovial tendons expressed higher levels of PDK1 and GAPDH and lower levels of SCX and IGF1 than did extrasynovial tendons. PDK1 encodes a subtype of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) that inhibits OXPHOS. Consistently, ATP production via glycolysis was favored in intrasynovial tendon cells whereas OXPHOS was the preferred pathway in extrasynovial tendon cells. Inhibition of glycolysis in vitro increased SCX expression in intrasynovial tendon cells. Therefore, dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK1 inhibitor, was used in vivo to shift intrasynovial tendon ATP production from glycolysis to OXPHOS. Oral DCA administration reduced serum lactate concentration and increased acetyl‐CoA content in repaired intrasynovial tendons and led to reduced TLR4 and IL1B and increased IGF1, SCX, and TGFB3 expressions in treated intrasynovial tendons compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry staining with anti‐Ki67 and anti‐CD31 antibodies revealed marked increases in cellularity and neovascularization in treated intrasynovial tendons. Clinical significance: The findings of this experiment indicate that improved gene expression and histological outcomes can be achieved by regulating glucose metabolism in the early stages following intrasynovial tendon repair.
The ins and outs of posttraumatic growth in children and adolescents: A systematic review of factors that matter
Authors: Ferris Cheyenne , O'Brien Kyle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPosttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to a positive psychological change that occurs following a seismic and highly challenging life circumstance. An individual who experiences PTG reports posttrauma development that surpasses their baseline level of pretrauma function in various domains. The present systematic review of the current literature aimed to explore factors related to the development of PTG in children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Included studies investigated a range of factors that impact PTG development in youth from five countries: the United States, Israel, China, Japan, and Norway. Studies addressed multiple types of traumatic experiences, including medical trauma, war‐ and terror‐related trauma, and environmental trauma. Findings suggested that factors that impact the development of PTG include the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms, specifically intrusiveness, and cognitive factors, such as the use of positive reappraisal and deliberate rumination. Many factors demonstrated inconsistencies across studies, such as the impact of age, gender, social support, and parent factors. The findings from this systematic research study encourage the notion that certain clinical intervention strategies, such as deliberate rumination, positive reappraisal coping strategies, and trauma‐informed group therapy, may facilitate growth in trauma survivors. Future research should test if these intervention strategies directly impact growth and whether there is an evidence‐based form of intervention that can assist clinicians in taking a growth‐ and strengths‐based perspective after trauma.
Hemostatic Performance of ɑ‐Chitin/Gelatin Composite Sponges with Directional Pore Structure
Authors: Kang Kai , Liu Yunen , Song Xiaoqiang , Xu Lei , Zhang Wenchang , Jiao Yilai , Zhao Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiomedical materials with effective hemostatic properties are in great demand in clinical and battlefield application for severe hemorrhage control. In this study, nearly amorphous chitin is obtained by treating α‐chitin with superfine grinding, and the solubility of chitin in hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) is significantly increased. Chitin and gelatin mixtures are prepared by adding different amount of gelatin to the 8 mg mL−1 chitin solution. In the presence water (nonsolvent), the mixtures are gelled as HFIP is replaced by water, and chitin/gelatin composite sponges with directional pore structure are prepared by directional freeze drying of the hydrogel. The structure, porosity, liquid absorbing capacity, biodegradability, and hemostatic properties of the sponges with different ratios of gelatin are investigated. The results show that the sponge with the mass ratio of chitin/gelatin of 1:1 is potential hemostatic material with high absorbing capacity, hemocompatibility, and the best hemostatic performance. The in vivo study demonstrates that hemostatic time of the composite sponge (73 s) is much shorter than of that of gauze (193 s), chitin sponge (132 s) as well as gelatin sponge (116 s) in rat femoral artery injury model.
Stress corrosion behavior of scratched Alloy 690TT steam generator tube in chlorine‐containing high‐temperature pressurized water
Authors: Wu Bin , Meng Fanjiang , Zhang Zhiming , Li Rongbo , Ming Hongliang , Wang Jianqiu , Han En‐Hou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlloy 690TT tube samples with six different scratch depths are prepared for immersion test in high‐temperature pressurized water containing chloride ions (Cl−) at 300°C. An immersion test with a duration of 1000 h shows that the scratched area with higher scratch depth has higher stress corrosion cracking sensitivity. In chloride‐containing solution, Cl− erodes preferentially into the scratched area through the weak sites such as slip bands and deformed grain boundaries, and this process is continuously promoted with the assistance of higher residual strain in this area.
Dual‐band dual‐mode monopole/spiral central antenna for WBAN applications
Authors: Farahat Asmaa E. , Hussein Khalid F. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a new design for a wireless body area network (WBAN) antenna employed as a body central antenna. The role of this central antenna is to receive the data from the on‐body and in‐body biosensors working at 2.45 GHz and transmit it off‐body to a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMax) antenna at 5.8 GHz. The central antenna is a composite structure constructed from a spiral antenna attached to the tip of a monopole. It operates in two modes, on‐body mode at 2.45 GHz to receive data from the on‐body and in‐body biosensors and off‐body mode at 5.8 GHz to transmit data to WiMax. The antenna has a compact size and lightweight with total dimensions of 12 × 12 × 8.5 mm and a 10.8% bandwidth (BW) at 2.45 GHz to communicate with in‐ and on‐body biosensors, and wider BW of 23% at 5.8 GHz to allow for high data transmission rates to the WiMax. The radiation pattern is broadside circular symmetric at the lower operating frequency and balloon‐like with high gain at the upper‐frequency band. The gain at the lower‐ and upper‐frequency bands is 4.9 and 7.1 dBi, respectively. A prototype is fabricated for the monopole/spiral body central antenna. Experimental measurements for the reflection coefficient and the radiation patterns are performed showing good agreement with the simulation results.
Modeling of heat transfer distribution in tumor breast cancer during microwave ablation therapy
Authors: Selmi Marwa , Iqbal Amjad , Smida Amor , Waly Mohamed Ibrahim , Belmabrouk Hafedh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicrowave (MW) ablation is a strong tool that has been used in clinical therapy for numerous cancer tumors. This method takes advantage of the heat from MW energy produced by an antenna to destroy cancer cells without causing damage to the healthy tissue. This technique's efficiency is correlated to the temperature reached during the MW process. The antenna immersed in a tissue radiates a power that heats the living tissue, that is, the cancer cells and their environment. The administered power leads to a temperature increase that should attain a particular level to enable the killing of the dangerous cancer cells. On the other hand, it should not exceed another level to preserve healthy cells. Bioheat and electromagnetic equations are used to model the thermal ablation process. The finite element method is used to solve the governing equations used to model the process. This article is devoted to studying the influence of the type of antenna on the temperature distribution in the breast tissue, the specific absorption rate (SAR), and the amount of the necrotic tissue. Two configurations have been investigated, namely, a single‐ or a double‐slot antenna. The obtained results reveal that the temperature, SAR, and the fraction of necrotic of the breast tissue are higher when a single‐slot antenna is used. In addition, the input MW power has an important effect on the results. Some precautions should be taken in advance to prevent the temperature from rising to 50°C, which may induce damage to healthy cells.
Synthetic CT generation based on CBCT using respath‐cycleGAN
Authors: Deng Liwei , Hu Jie , Wang Jing , Huang Sijuan , Yang Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) plays an important role in radiotherapy, but the presence of a large number of artifacts limits its application. The purpose of this study was to use respath‐cycleGAN to synthesize CT (sCT) similar to planning CT (pCT) from CBCT for future clinical practice.MethodsThe method integrates the respath concept into the original cycleGAN, called respath‐cycleGAN, to map CBCT to pCT. Thirty patients were used for training and 15 for testing.ResultsThe mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM), and spatial nonuniformity (SNU) were calculated to assess the quality of sCT generated from CBCT. Compared with CBCT images, the MAE improved from 197.72 to 140.7, RMSE from 339.17 to 266.51, and PSNR from 22.07 to 24.44, while SSIM increased from 0.948 to 0.964. Both visually and quantitatively, sCT with respath is superior to sCT without respath. We also performed a generalization test of the head‐and‐neck (H&N) model on a pelvic data set. The results again showed that our model was superior.ConclusionWe developed a respath‐cycleGAN method to synthesize CT with good quality from CBCT. In future clinical practice, this method may be used to develop radiotherapy plans.
Severity of alcohol dependence and mortality after 20 years in an adult general population sample
Authors: John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans‐Jürgen , Hanke Monika , Meyer Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate mortality on grounds of the severity of alcohol dependence which has been assessed by two approaches: the frequency of alcohol dependence symptoms (FADS) and the number of alcohol dependence criteria (NADC).MethodsA random sample of adult community residents in northern Germany at age 18 to 64 had been interviewed in 1996. Among 4075 study participants at baseline, for 4028 vital status was ascertained 20 years later. The FADS was assessed by the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Scale among the 780 study participants who had one or more symptoms of alcohol dependence or abuse and vital status information. The NADC was estimated by the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview among 4028 study participants with vital status information. Cox proportional hazard models were used.ResultsThe age‐adjusted hazard ratio for the FADS (value range: 0–79) was 1.02 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.016–1.028), for the NADC (value range: 0–7) it was 1.25 (CI: 1.19–1.32).ConclusionsThe FADS and NADC predicted time to death in a dose‐dependent manner in this adult general population sample.
The quality of life of older adults acutely admitted to the emergency department: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Elkjær Mette , Primdahl Jette , Mogensen Christian B. , Brabrand Mikkel , Gram Bibi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate perceptions of individual QoL among acutely admitted older adults and explore whether homecare and readmission were associated with QoL.DesignA cross‐sectional study at three Danish Emergency Departments.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews, using the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life – Direct Weighting (SEIQol‐DW) (range 0–100) with patients ≥65 years, were conducted from August 2018 to July 2019. The differences between patients receiving homecare (yes/no) and readmission (yes/no) were tested using linear regression analyses with bootstrap procedures.ResultsOverall, we included 406 patients, of whom 38% received homecare. The mean SEIQoL‐DW‐score was 76 (SD = 19). The most important areas of individual QoL were Family, Social activities, Health, Everyday life and Leisure activities. Receiving homecare was associated to a significantly lower QoL score: −8 (SE = 2) and a significantly lower score in the categories Family and Health. There was no association between readmission and QoL.
Dual driven mechanism (hygro‐redox) semi‐interpenetrating polymer network composite film (polyaniline‐polyacrylic acid/sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)) for artificial muscles
Authors: Kareem Haval , Langrock Alex , Auletta Jeffrey , Mahoney Luther , Hallinan Daniel , Kim Hyun , Leff Asher C. , Tran Dat T. , Mackie David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDifferent weight ratios of polyaniline (PANI) to poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) were synthesized as interpenetrating polymer networks and blended with sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). In‐situ polymerization was performed by chemical oxidation of aniline in the presence of PAA. The composites showed actuation capability in the presence of fuel/air and moisture. Mechanical testing indicated that samples with higher concentration of PAA were stronger. For instance, PANI1PAA2SPEEK3 breaks at 8.4 MPa and has a failure strain of 2.5%, which is higher than PANI3PAA1SPEEK3 at 7 MPa and 2%. However, higher amount of PAA resulted in a lower electrochemical conductivity of 1.52 × 10−2 S/cm for the former and 1.8 × 10−2 S/cm for the latter. Intermolecular interaction at the optimum composition is necessary to induce forward and reverse bending of catalyst coated composite under exposure of fuel and air. In addition, the formation of compact structures and rough surfaces resulted in the maximal contractile strain of 1% for PANI3PAA1SPEEK3 based on moisture actuation.