bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of serum proteins on the electrochemical behavior of CoNiCrMo
Authors: Pound Bruce G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have examined the effect of serum and blood proteins on the general corrosion of metallic biomedical materials. However, it is unclear whether proteins have any effect in the case of CoCr alloys, particularly at physiological concentrations. In this work, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of Co‐35Ni‐20Cr‐10Mo in PBS, PBS with albumin at a concentration (36 g/L) representative of serum, and bovine serum. The corrosion current density (icorr) for the CoNiCrMo was changed little by the addition of serum‐level albumin to PBS but it was more than halved in serum. Albumin and serum had little effect on the oxide thickness obtained using impedance spectroscopy, but they increased the effective resistance of the oxide consistent with the changes in icorr. The potentiodynamic and impedance results indicate that the general corrosion behavior of the CoNiCrMo in serum is affected more by other proteins such as globulin rather than by albumin alone. Furthermore, the proteins in serum are beneficial with regard to the general corrosion behavior of the alloy, suggesting that the proteins act predominantly as inhibitors rather than as corrosion promoters that limit phosphate adsorption and associated inhibition.
Lipid metabolism reprogramming in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Dan , Zhou Xuebing , Yan PengYu , Yang Chunyu , Li Yuan , Han Longzhe , Ren Xiangshan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe hallmark feature of metabolic reprogramming is now considered to be widespread in many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Of the gastrointestinal tumors, CRC is one of the most common with a high metastasis rate and long insidious period. The incidence and mortality of CRC has increased in recent years. Metabolic reprogramming also has a significant role in the development and progression of CRC, especially lipid metabolic reprogramming. Many studies have reported that lipid metabolism reprogramming is similar to the Warburg effect with typical features affecting tumor biology including proliferation, migration, local invasion, apoptosis, and other biological behaviors of cancer cells. Therefore, studying the role of lipid metabolism in the occurrence and development of CRC will increase our understanding of its pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and other processes and provide new directions for the treatment of CRC. In this paper, we mainly describe the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism reprogramming and its important role in the occurrence and development of CRC. In addition, to provide reference for subsequent research and clinical diagnosis and treatment we also review the treatments of CRC that target lipid metabolism.
Thermochemistry of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Authors: Melin Timothé R. L. , Harell Preston , Ali Betoul , Loganathan Narasimhan , Wilson Angela K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe determination of gas phase thermochemical properties of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is central to understanding the long‐range transport behavior of PFAS in the atmosphere. Prior gas‐phase studies have reported the properties of perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorinated octanoic acid (PFOA). Here, this study reports the gas phase enthalpies of formation of short‐ and long‐chain PFAS and their precursor molecules determined using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio approaches. Two density functionals, two ab initio methods and an empirical method were used to compute enthalpies of formation with the total atomization approach and an isogyric reaction. The performance of the computational methods employed in this work were validated against the experimental enthalpies of linear alkanoic acids and perfluoroalkanes. The gas‐phase determinations will be useful for future studies of PFAS in the atmosphere, and the methodological choices will be helpful in the study of other PFAS.
A new synthesis method for supported composite oxides: preparation of Ce‐Cu/TiO2 catalysts by ice‐melting method
Authors: Shuang Cao , Haixiang Zhang , Xueman Wang , Miquan Peng , Renhua Huang , Wei Hong , Hailu Fu , Xiongbo Chen , Zejian Lin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn SCR denitrification technology, the conventional coprecipitation method has the disadvantages of high temperature and difficulty in controlling the precipitation rate. Various CexCuTiO2 catalysts were synthesized using ice‐melting (CexCuTi‐Ice) and conventional coprecipitation (CexCuTi‐Con) methods for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. Ce0.4CuTi‐Ice catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity among the CexCuTiO2 catalysts, and 80% NOx conversion was achieved within a temperature range of 250–375 °C, exceeding that of Ce0.4CuTi‐Con catalyst by 20%; in addition, N2 selectivity was nearly 100%. To elucidate the release characteristics of the precursor solution during ice‐melting synthesis, the changes of Cu and Ce concentrations in the solution were investigated by ICP‐OES. The precursor solution was released at a slow rate via the ice‐melting method, resulting in a large surface area, small crystallite sizes, and effective uniform nanoparticles with abundant active species and increased surface acidity. The promoted mechanism could be attributed to the enhanced oxidation of NO to NO2 at low temperatures and the rapid reaction between NO species and coordinated NH3 at high temperatures. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Positron emission tomography: Evolving modalities, radiopharmaceuticals and professional collaboration
Authors: Ayesa Sally L. , Murphy Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging modality has undergone considerable innovation over the past few decades. Hybrid anatomical and functional imaging has become commonplace (initially PET/CT but now also PET/MRI) with improvements in imaging technology continually delivering studies with increasing diagnostic accuracy and decreasing radiation dose to the patient. More and more radiopharmaceuticals have emerged from the research sphere into clinical practice, with the traditional PET workhorse tracer 18F‐FDG accompanied by a range of novel radiopharmaceuticals with specific molecular targets. Imaging facilities offering PET/CT and PET/MRI provide a unique collaborative environment for the medical imaging multidisciplinary team. Diagnostic radiographers and nuclear medicine technologists especially have the opportunity to not only work together but also share knowledge and technical skills, ultimately benefitting the quality of patient care.
Reply to Chan et al.
Authors: Zhao Liyang , Li Yusi , Yi Wenjuan , Yan Kuo , Yang Chao , Radhakrishnan Sridhar , Li Rui , Tan Ruirong , Fan Gang , Dai Mengyuan , Liu Miao , Shao Ning‐Yi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe agree that smoking might be a risk factor for the severity of COVID‐19, but in our previous study, smoking was not so robust compared with our conclusion. Also, we strongly agreed that COVID‐19 patients with diabetes or other chronic diseases might worsen the situation of the disease. But these factors were out of the scope of our study and we had published other research on this topic related to diabetes. Because of the limited sample size and original medical records, our study could not cover many factors. But we wish our study will be a useful and meaningful pilot study for future studies.
Antibacterial, Adhesive, and Conductive Hydrogel for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Lin Zhicong , Fan Donghao , Li Guojiao , He Liming , Qin Xianyan , Zhao Bin , Wang Qin , Liang Wenlang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiabetic mellitus is one of the leading causes of chronic wounds and remains a challenging issue to be resolved. Herein, a hydrogel with conformal tissue adhesivity, skin‐like conductivity, robust mechanical characteristics, as well as active antibacterial function is developed. In this hydrogel, silver nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole nanotubes (AgPPy) and cobalt ions (Co2+) are introduced into an in situ polymerized poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) network (PPCA hydrogel). The PPCA hydrogel provides active antibacterial function through synergic effects from protonated PEI and AgPPy nanotubes, with a tissue‐like mechanical property (≈16.8 ± 4.5 kPa) and skin‐like electrical conductivity (≈0.048 S m−1). The tensile and shear adhesive strength (≈15.88 and ≈12.76 kPa, respectively) of the PPCA hydrogel is about two‐ to threefold better than that of fibrin glue. In vitro studies show the PPCA hydrogel is highly effective against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. In vivo results demonstrate that the PPCA hydrogel promotes diabetic wounds with accelerated healing, with notable inflammatory reduction and prominent angiogenesis regeneration. These results suggest the PPCA hydrogel provide a promising approach to promote diabetic wound healing.
Assessment of an automated approach for variant interpretation in screening for monogenic disorders: A single‐center study
Authors: Gall Bryan J. , Smart Trevor B. , Munch Robin , Kolluri Supraja , Tadepally Hamsa , Lim Karen Phaik Har , Demko Zachary P. , Benn Peter , Souter Vivienne , Sanapareddy Nina , Keen‐Kim Dianne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutomation has been introduced into variant interpretation, but it is not known how automated variant interpretation performs on a stand‐alone basis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a fully automated computerized approach.MethodWe reviewed all variants encountered in a set of carrier screening panels over a 1‐year interval. Observed variants with high‐confidence ClinVar interpretations were included in the analysis; those without high‐confidence ClinVar entries were excluded.ResultsDiscrepancy rates between automated interpretations and high‐confidence ClinVar entries were analyzed. Of the variants interpreted as positive (likely pathogenic or pathogenic) based on ClinVar information, 22.6% were classified as negative (variants of uncertain significance, likely benign or benign) variants by the automated method. Of the ClinVar negative variants, 1.7% were classified as positive by the automated software. On a per‐case basis, which accounts for variant frequency, 63.4% of cases with a ClinVar high‐confidence positive variant were classified as negative by the automated method.ConclusionWhile automation in genetic variant interpretation holds promise, there is still a need for manual review of the output. Additional validation of automated variant interpretation methods should be conducted.
On the perturbation effect and LET dependence of beam quality correction factors in carbon ion beams
Authors: Khan Ahtesham Ullah , Nelson Nicholas P. , Culberson Wesley S. , DeWerd Larry A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a recent study, we reported beam quality correction factors, fQ, in carbon ion beams using Monte Carlo (MC) methods for a cylindrical and a parallel‐plate ionization chamber (IC). A non‐negligible perturbation effect was observed; however, the magnitude of the perturbation correction due to the specific IC subcomponents was not included. Furthermore, the stopping power data presented in the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) report 73 were used, whereas the latest stopping power data have been reported in the ICRU report 90.PurposeThe aim of this study was to extend our previous work by computing fQ correction factors using the ICRU 90 stopping power data and by reporting IC‐specific perturbation correction factors. Possible energy or linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of the fQ correction factor was investigated by simulating both pristine beams and spread‐out Bragg peaks (SOBPs).MethodsThe TOol for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS)/GEANT4 MC code was used in this study. A 30 × 30 × 50 cm3 water phantom was simulated with a uniform 10 × 10 cm2 parallel beam incident on the surface. A Farmer‐type cylindrical IC (Exradin A12) and two parallel‐plate ICs (Exradin P11 and A11) were simulated in TOPAS using the manufacturer‐provided geometrical drawings. The fQ correction factor was calculated in pristine carbon ion beams in the 150–450 MeV/u energy range at 2 cm depth and in the middle of the flat region of four SOBPs. The kQ correction factor was calculated by simulating the fQo correction factor in a 60Co beam at 5 cm depth. The perturbation correction factors due to the presence of the individual IC subcomponents, such as the displacement effect in the air cavity, collecting electrode, chamber wall, and chamber stem, were calculated at 2 cm depth for monoenergetic beams only. Additionally, the mean dose‐averaged and track‐averaged LET was calculated at the depths at which the fQ was calculated.ResultsThe ICRU 90 fQ correction factors were reported. The pdis correction factor was found to be significant for the cylindrical IC with magnitudes up to 1.70%. The individual perturbation corrections for the parallel‐plate ICs were <1.0% except for the A11 pcel correction at the lowest energy. The fQ correction for the P11 IC exhibited an energy dependence of >1.00% and displayed differences up to 0.87% between pristine beams and SOBPs. Conversely, the fQ for A11 and A12 displayed a minimal energy dependence of <0.50%. The energy dependence was found to manifest in the LET dependence for the P11 IC. A statistically significant LET dependence was found only for the P11 IC in pristine beams only with a magnitude of <1.10%.ConclusionsThe perturbation and kQ correction factor should be calculated for the specific IC to be used in carbon ion beam reference dosimetry as a function of beam quality.
EEPPDA—Edge‐enabled efficient privacy‐preserving data aggregation in smart healthcare Internet of Things network
Authors: Bhowmik Tanima , Banerjee Indrajit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things‐based smart healthcare provides numerous facilities to patients and medical professionals. Medical professionals can monitor the patient's real‐time medical data and diagnose diseases through the medical health history stored in the cloud database. Any kind of attack on the cloud database will result in misdiagnosis of the patients by medical professionals. Therefore, it becomes a primary concern to secure private data. On the other hand, the conventional data aggregation method for smart healthcare acquires immense communication and computational cost. Edge‐enabled smart healthcare can overcome these limitations. The paper proposes an edge‐enabled efficient privacy‐preserving data aggregation (EEPPDA) scheme to secure health data. In the EEPPDA scheme, captured medical data have been encrypted by the Paillier homomorphic cryptosystem. Homomorphic encryption is engaged in the assurance of secure communication. For data transmission from patients to the cloud server (CS), data aggregation is performed on the edge server (ES). Then aggregated ciphertext data are transmitted to the CS. The CS validates the data integrity and analyzes and processes the authenticated aggregated data. The authorized medical professional executes the decryption, then the aggregated ciphertext data are decrypted in plaintext. EEPPDA utilizes the batch verification process to reduce communication costs. Our proposed scheme maintains the privacy of the patient's identity and medical data, resists any internal and external attacks, and verifies the health data integrity in the CS. The proposed scheme has significantly minimized computational complexity and communication overhead concerning the existing approach through extensive simulation.
Error analysis of a fully discrete projection method for magnetohydrodynamic system
Authors: Ding Qianqian , He Xiaoming , Long Xiaonian , Mao Shipeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we develop and analyze a finite element projection method for magnetohydrodynamics equations in Lipschitz domain. A fully discrete scheme based on Euler semi‐implicit method is proposed, in which continuous elements are used to approximate the Navier–Stokes equations and H(curl) conforming Nédélec edge elements are used to approximate the magnetic equation. One key point of the projection method is to be compatible with two different spaces for calculating velocity, which leads one to obtain the pressure by solving a Poisson equation. The results show that the proposed projection scheme meets a discrete energy stability. In addition, with the help of a proper regularity hypothesis for the exact solution, this paper provides a rigorous optimal error analysis of velocity, pressure and magnetic induction. Finally, several numerical examples are performed to demonstrate both accuracy and efficiency of our proposed scheme.
Calla Lily flower inspired morphing of flat films to conical tubes
Authors: Peeketi Akhil R. , Sol Jeroen A. H. P. , Swaminathan Narasimhan , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Debije Micheal G. , Annabattula Ratna K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently researchers have developed soft actuators capable of morphing into complex shapes taking inspiration from nature. In this paper, we have developed a splay‐nematic liquid crystal polymer network tapered actuator that can morph from a flat film to a cone, mimicking the blooming of single petal Calla Lily flower. We have demonstrated the formation of conical tubes through finite element simulations and experiments. The influence of tapering and alignment orientations with respect to the edge of the film on the cones is analyzed through simulations. The design with tapering and splayed alignments oriented at 45° to the edge is found to be the optimal choice for forming conical tubes.
Application of biophysical methods for improved protein production and characterization: A case study on an high‐temperature requirement A‐family bacterial protease
Authors: Ronzetti Michael , Baljinnyam Bolormaa , Jalal Ishrat , Pal Utpal , Simeonov Anton 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe high‐temperature requirement A (HtrA) serine protease family presents an attractive target class for antibacterial therapeutics development. These proteins possess dual protease and chaperone functions and contain numerous binding sites and regulatory loops, displaying diverse oligomerization patterns dependent on substrate type and occupancy. HtrA proteins that are natively purified coelute with contaminating peptides and activating species, shifting oligomerization and protein structure to differently activated populations. Here, a redesigned HtrA production results in cleaner preparations with high yields by overexpressing and purifying target protein from inclusion bodies under denaturing conditions, followed by a high‐throughput screen for optimal refolding buffer composition using function‐agnostic biophysical techniques that do not rely on target‐specific measurements. We use Borrelia burgdorferi HtrA to demonstrate the effectiveness of our function‐agnostic approach, while characterization with both new and established biophysical methods shows the retention of proteolytic and chaperone activity of the refolded protein. This systematic workflow and toolset will translate to the production of HtrA‐family proteins in higher quantities of pure and monodisperse composition than the current literature standard, with applicability to a broad array of protein purification strategies.
Design of a H2O2‐generating P450SPα fusion protein for high yield fatty acid conversion
Authors: Giuriato Daniele , Correddu Danilo , Catucci Gianluca , Di Nardo Giovanna , Bolchi Cristiano , Pallavicini Marco , Gilardi Gianfranco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSphingomonas paucimobilis' P450SPα (CYP152B1) is a good candidate as industrial biocatalyst. This enzyme is able to use hydrogen peroxide as unique cofactor to catalyze the fatty acids conversion to α‐hydroxy fatty acids, thus avoiding the use of expensive electron‐donor(s) and redox partner(s). Nevertheless, the toxicity of exogenous H2O2 toward proteins and cells often results in the failure of the reaction scale‐up when it is directly added as co‐substrate. In order to bypass this problem, we designed a H2O2 self‐producing enzyme by fusing the P450SPα to the monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX), as H2O2 donor system, in a unique polypeptide chain, obtaining the P450SPα‐polyG‐MSOX fusion protein. The purified P450SPα‐polyG‐MSOX protein displayed high purity (A417/A280 = 0.6) and H2O2‐tolerance (kdecay = 0.0021 ± 0.000055 min−1; ΔA417 = 0.018 ± 0.001) as well as good thermal stability (Tm: 59.3 ± 0.3°C and 63.2 ± 0.02°C for P450SPα and MSOX domains, respectively). The data show how the catalytic interplay between the two domains can be finely regulated by using 500 mM sarcosine as sacrificial substrate to generate H2O2. Indeed, the fusion protein resulted in a high conversion yield toward fat waste biomass‐representative fatty acids, that is, lauric acid (TON = 6,800 compared to the isolated P450SPα TON = 2,307); myristic acid (TON = 6,750); and palmitic acid (TON = 1,962).
Teachers as perpetrators of gender‐based violence against girl students within schools: Voices of victims in Tanzania reveal
Authors: Msambwa Mgambi Msafiri , Fute Antony , Lyanga Amani Abisai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUNESCO's member states have made notable achievements in gender equality in education participation. In the East African region, by 2019, Gender Parity Index in lower secondary schools stood at 1.03 for Tanzania, 1.01 for Kenya, 0.89 for Ethiopia, and 1.13 for Rwanda. However, the equal number of boys and girls in schools is a numerical aspect that does not necessarily guarantee the qualitative aspect of equality. This study adds to the existing theories and empirical literature by extending the discussion beyond school participation. It explores girls' experiences of gender‐related violent acts within schools. Intensive interviews and document analysis have revealed several incidences where teachers perpetrate gender‐based violence against girls in schools through a qualitative approach. Sexual harassment, especially by male teachers who forcibly want sexual affairs with their girl students, has been reported by most students. The study informs the global community about the importance of following closely on girls' life in schools to achieve UNESCO's Agenda 2030.
Platinum‐Coordinated Dual‐Responsive Nanogels for Universal Drug Delivery and Combination Cancer Therapy
Authors: Duan Qiu‐Yi , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Jia Hao‐Ran , Guo Yuxin , Zhang Xinping , Gu Ruihan , Li Chengcheng , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeveloping a universal nanoplatform for efficient delivery of various drugs to target sites is urgent for overcoming various biological barriers and realizing combinational cancer treatment. Nanogels, with the advantages of both hydrogels and nanoparticles, may hold potential for addressing the above issue. Here, a dual‐responsive nanogel platform (HPC nanogel) is constructed using β‐cyclodextrin‐conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA‐βCD), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and cisplatin. HA‐βCD and PEI compose the skeleton of the nanogel, and cisplatin molecules provide the junctions inside the skeleton, thus affording a multiple interactions‐based nanogel. Besides, HA endows the nanogel with hyaluronidase (HAase)‐responsiveness, and cisplatin guarantees the glutathione (GSH)‐responsive ability, which make the nanogel a dual‐responsive platform that can degrade and release the loaded drugs when encountering HAase or GSH. Additionally, the HPC nanogel possesses excellent small‐molecule drug and protein loading and intracellular delivery capabilities. Especially, for proteins, their intracellular delivery via nanogels is not hindered by serum proteins, and the enzymes delivered into cells still maintain their catalytic activities. Furthermore, the nanogel can codeliver different cargoes to achieve “cocktail” chemotherapeutic efficacy and realize combination cancer therapy. Overall, the HPC nanogel can serve as a multifunctional platform capable of delivering desired drugs to treat cancer or other diseases.