bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pride and Prejudice? The Influence of Occupational Prestige on an Integration Programme for Refugees in Switzerland
Authors: Aerne Annatina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStriking a balance between inclusion and efficiency is a key challenge in collective skill formation systems, and increasingly so in the knowledge economy. Taking into consideration prestige concerns allows for a better understanding and differentiation of vocational education and training (VET) actors’ preferences regarding inclusiveness. The literature highlights two strategies in maintaining or increasing the prestige of VET: limiting access or investing in high-quality training. The former clearly does not enhance inclusiveness, whereas the latter does. In analysing public and private VET actors’ prestige concerns in implementing a training programme for refugees, this chapter shows that VET actors’ support for or opposition against an inclusive training system is shaped by their concern for prestige. Depending on the extent of their concern for the prestige of the VET system, as well their position in the prestige hierarchy, public and private VET actors follow different approaches in protecting the prestige of the VET system. Empirically, the chapter illustrates how prestige shapes actors’ perspective in tracing the actions of professional training organizations (PTOs) and state institutions in the implementation of integration pre-apprenticeships (Integrationsvorlehre, INVOL). The integration pre-apprenticeship is a collective skill formation programme meant to provide access to vocational education to refugees in Switzerland. Methodologically, the chapter draws on the analysis of twenty semi-structured interviews conducted in 2018 and 2019, before and after the programme had been implemented.
Employer Influence in Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Busemeyer Marius R. , Thelen Kathleen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe advent of the new ‘knowledge economy’ poses significant new challenges to vocational education and training systems in Europe. Firms are confronted simultaneously with two problems: the need to augment traditional occupational skills with the more general education workers increasingly need in order to keep pace with rapid technological change, while at the same time counteracting the drift on the part of youth away from vocational training towards more academic tracks. This chapter explores employer responses to this dilemma in Germany and Sweden. Germany’s firm-based vocational training system is heavily oriented towards the acquisition of practical vocational skills, leaving advanced firms in particular with deficits in the more general theoretical skills that are increasingly prominent in the new knowledge economy. Sweden’s school-based system, conversely, has traditionally been stronger in the provision of general education at the upper-secondary level, leaving manufacturing firms short of the more practical skills on which they continue to rely. Comparing these ‘contrasting contexts’, the chapter identifies a shared trend towards the growing involvement of employers in public educational institutions—in Germany at the level of higher education as a way of augmenting the country’s heavily practical VET with more theoretical content, and in Sweden at the upper-secondary level to inject a practical component into school-based training in order to strengthen the connection to local firms. In both cases, changes are occurring less through outright reform of traditional educational institutions and more in a process of institutional layering.
Fiscal Measures to Revive Demand
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Indian economy was seen fast settling to a ‘New Normal’ with Unlock 2.0 effective 1 July 2020, relaxing the night curfew timings, provision of additional domestic flights and trains and more activities being permitted in a calibrated manner outside of containment zones. With the pandemic having negatively impacted countries globally, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in its revised projections of June 2020, had predicted that the Indian economy would contract by 4.5% in FY21 as against the optimistic forecast announced of 1.9% growth in April 2020. The chapter discusses in detail the fiscal measures that had been adopted by the Indian government to mitigate the adverse economic of the virus.
Viability of Banking Institutions
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the COVID- 19 pandemic having negatively impacted countries both in terms of healthcare and economic activity, banking regulators worldwide had announced monetary measures to increase liquidity in the economy. One such monetary measure announced by the RBI was the availability of moratorium on repayment of debt for businesses and individuals. This loan moratorium facility could help businesses sustain in times of financial stress caused by a disruption in economic activity due to the coronavirus pandemic. The chapter discusses the pros and cons and the implications that these monetary measures could have on the financial health and well-being of the Indian financial system.
Doing Away with Retrospective Tax
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Retrospective tax is a tax levied on a deal or transaction which was conducted in the past. The chapter discusses how the government had acted pragmatically and laid to rest the ghost of the retrospective tax, though initially, there was thinking within to challenge the verdict by the Arbitration Council. The entire focus was mainly on long- term interests of the economy for which attracting investment is a prerequisite instead of standing on false prestige. The move by the government to scrap the retrospective tax was a step in the right direction and the need of the hour. This bold move by the Indian Government would act as a booster at a time when the economy has just started reviving from the COVID- 19 induced economic crisis.
Union Budget for 2021–22
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With BSE Sensex skyrocketing 2050 points and investors’ wealth seeing a jump post the announcement of the Union budget 2021– 22, it is only fair to state that the bulls were back in action and market sentiments were positively high. The chapter analyses how in the Union Budget 2021-22, the Government had clearly focused on growth revival and it aimed to leave no stone unturned to achieve the same. The strong emphasis on infrastructure and healthcare would give the required boost to the economy and drive it back on the trajectory of economic growth.
Making for the World: Technology Is the Key
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Translating the call of ‘Make in India for the World’ by the PM would necessarily mean gearing up to be competitive in the international market in terms of quality, efficiency, and cost per unit of output produced. In both respects, upgradation of technology is the key to positioning India on the world map as a major manufacturing destination and the factory for the world and the chapter discusses and provides recommendations for the same. Improved technological know- how will help India manufacture quality products at competitive prices and thereby gain a strong foothold in global markets. The call of the day is to upgrade technology and ‘innovate our way’ into the future, which can be possible through a boost given to R&D by the Corporates and Government alike.
Adulthood and Acceptance, with Lingering Trails
Authors: Day Abby 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Even the most non-religious of the Boomers interviewed expressed a fondness for certain types of ‘religious’ experiences. Attending Christmas carol services, for example, was a non-religious, nostalgic event for many. When Boomers said they missed the music of church, they were not talking about the hymns, whose lyrics made many recoil in distaste, but largely the Baroque period of High-Church choral music typified by Byrd, Purcell, or Tallis. That is perhaps one reason why cathedrals have noted an upsurge in attendance even while there was a downward trend in the parishes. Boomers also at times mentioned the more worrying aspects of their generation’s legacy such as consumerism and materialism. The secular, yet sacred, ritual of occasional cathedral or church carol services may be, at least in part, a way to connect to something less tangible.
Belief in Spirits
Authors: Day Abby 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The definitions of religion that depend on ‘belief in spirits’ are inadequate as they usually fail to explain the experience of many Boomers, and their children, who describe themselves as not religious but believing in an ‘elsewhere’ populated by the continuing presence of deceased relatives. This, to some, seemed more ‘believable’ than the idea of a god. Reflecting a generally shared faith in science, some Boomers were prepared to accept these extraordinary experiences with the idea that one day an explanation will be found. Many could accept the possibility of the continuity of the soul, a belief in the ultimate truth of science and human agency, and a belief in the authenticity of others who share such accounts. Their secular, supernatural experiences of sensing deceased loved ones share four characteristics of being socially binding, embodied, comforting, and reflecting the same relationship on earth as beyond.
Competitiveness
Authors: Codogno Lorenzo , Galli Giampaolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDoing business in Italy is not easy. This chapter looks at how poor regulatory quality affects the life of companies and their appetite for investing in the country. Italy’s rank is deficient in labour market areas, the burden of regulation, the financing ecosystem, contract enforcement, property rights, and investor protections. And Italy does not attract foreign direct investment. Overall, Italians are rather unhappy with foreign companies because―so the story goes―they are outside the range of democratic control. In some cases, it may be accurate, but otherwise, it simply means that they can close their shop if it is no longer profitable. For Italian entrepreneurs, this is more difficult because if they close down a factory, they may have a hard time with other activities. Connections with politics are essential for Italian companies so that they can try to avoid creating tension with the political establishment. The burden of regulation is partly the effect of low mutual trust between citizens and authorities, as is made clear by the coexistence of widespread fiscal evasion and very intricate tax regulations. Corporate governance is generally rather disrespectful of minority interests, despite a good set of legal rules: most Italian companies are owned by single families, which typically place members of the family itself in top positions in the firm; independent directors, even when selected in minority lists, cannot act as they are expected to do by the rules. Corporate nepotism displaces professional managers and meritocracy.
The End of the World in Scandinavian Mythology
Authors: Hultgård Anders 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A myth about the end of the world, the Ragnarök, was told among Viking Age Scandinavians. It is here reconsidered against a comparative background. The signs of the end, the final battle, and the destruction and renewal of the world are the main themes distinguished. Eddic poems, above all the Vǫluspá, and the Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson provide the main sources. These are studied in detail and new interpretations are offered. The myth was handed down in a Christian medieval context and the problem of Christian influence is thoroughly discussed. Particular attention is given to the Old Norse homilies as instruments of conveying Christian teachings to both the elites and the common people. The comparative framework is set up by traditions on the end of the world in early Judaism, Christianity, Islam, the Graeco-Roman world, Celtic Europe, as well as ancient Iran and India. The geographical area covered by these traditions formed a network of cultural contacts providing possibilities of various influences. These texts are studied in their own right to avoid superficial paralleling. The analogies with Iranian traditions are striking and include the idea of the cosmic tree, the role of the number ‘nine’, and the myth of the heavenly warriors. The pre-Christian origins of the Scandinavian myth are emphasized, and an Indo-European background is suggested.
Private International Law But Not as We Know It
Authors: Harris Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter talks about the development of firewall legislation and certain issues to which it has given rise. It considers the development of firewall legislation in the Cayman Islands and its courts and the subsequent experiences in Jersey. It also looks at the use of firewall legislation within the European Union and determines whether any rapprochement between the approaches of offshore and onshore jurisdictions might be reached. The chapter notes how firewall protection typically applies only to trusts governed by the local law. It indicates the two primary functions of the firewall legislation: first function is to lay down choice of law rules in favour of the application of the local law and restrict the application of foreign laws and second is to prevent the recognition or enforcement of foreign judgments that are ‘inconsistent’ with those rules.
Warming Up for Climate Litigation around the World
Authors: van Loon Hans 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses some recent court cases on climate change from three neighbouring jurisdictions: the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom. In all three countries the highest courts handed down the ‘Urgenda’ judgment, the ‘KSG’ judgment, and the ‘Heathrow’ judgment, which relate to the duties of states regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It details how the judgments were delivered against the background of and interacted with evolving domestic normative frameworks increasingly influenced by the 2015 Paris Agreement. The chapter covers two ongoing cases, one in the Netherlands (‘MD v. RDS’) and one in Germany (‘Lliuya v. RWE’), that test the courts regarding the responsibility, accountability, and liability of companies regarding their contributions to the warming up of the Earth. It compares the normative frameworks for the three countries and provides remarks on the judgments involving governments and on the cases against companies.
Foreign Affairs, Parliament, and the Judiciary
Authors: McLachlan Campbell 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In Miller (No 2), the UK Supreme Court enforced the principle of Parliamentary accountability of the executive for its exercise of the foreign affairs power in the negotiations with the EU on the terms of Brexit. Critics claimed that the Court turned a political convention into a legal rule, interfering with the executive's prerogative to conduct foreign affairs. This Chapter refutes that argument. It shows that Parliamentary accountability for foreign affairs has been a legal rule of the British Constitution for centuries. The rule was originally given effect through Parliament's power of impeachment, which was frequently exercised in the context of foreign affairs. The accountability of Ministers to Parliament is impeachment's lineal descendent, serving as a check on executive power and confirming Parliament's indivisible sovereignty.
Rome I Repatriated
Authors: Aikens Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks into the domestic law called ‘Rome I repatriated’ or ‘Rome I'. In June 2008, Rome I became the law applicable to contractual obligations and replaced the Rome Convention. Then, the transition to Brexit sparked the modification that became Rome I R. Rome I R indicated the application of regulation regarding situations with conflicting laws of contractual obligations and commercial matters. The chapter expounds on the limitations of Rome I R, such as the bill of lading issues. After all, English courts will need to refer to European laws in determining the applicable law for the bills of lading.
How to Be a Civil Servant?
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During his civil service, he did involve himself in some kind of politics. But they were elected persons and he had to work with all kinds, he had no choice. But he did not, get involved in his politics. Arjun Singh was a very cultured politician, he had great regard and concern for culture, a Nehruvian creature. He did not understand modern art, he did not appreciate classical music personally but he understood that these were important and had to be promoted. He allowed Vajpeyi to do what he wanted to, because he trusted him. Secondly, they shared the essential liberal ideals.
Politics and Poetry
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The moment of exceeding could create greatness. But ideologies exist. You cannot wish them away, so you have to grapple with them. So Vajpeyi tried, perhaps not very successfully, to create a situation where literature and arts are also seen as ideology. And they are an ideology that does not seek power. I believe there can be an ideology that does not seek power. They generate ideas and insights, wisdom about human condition, human predicament, human possibility.
A Heraclitean Poet
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When you are writing a poem you are talking to this other in yourself. There is a conversation going on there and that conversation is addressed to this other and your imagination brings you and the other together in moments of creativity. We are after all complex constructs, it is not as if the other exists only outside, at least for a poet, for a writer.
A Time for Love, a Time for Death
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Between reality and possibility, the reality sometimes is very depressing. And possibility creates a realm of hope. One is a realm of hopelessness and despair, the other is a realm of hope and you cannot easily decide. You know, one cannot describe a human being as an optimist or a pessimist because that kind of extremity is very rare. There may be some nobility in failure rather than in being either silent or complicit. Poetry today must resist and risk failure.
Being and Nothingness
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is a deep reflective element in Raza, which is not very conscious, but which is not fully unconscious either. It is not happening all by itself but there is spontaneity, which I think the medium brings, which is the medium of colour. The colour then supersedes ideas and other things and takes over and the colour creates being that is like becoming. It’s a becoming of colours from whatever has provoked its being.
The Art of Being an Indian Musician
Authors: Jahanbegloo Ramin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There are few Indians who are closer to western than Indian music. There are many Indians who like Western classical music including some musicians as well. Yes, there are some Indians, two of my nephews, who know as much about western music. They are twins—Asteek and Hutashan and they both know a lot about western classical music. Western classical music is basically instrumental. Not that there is no vocal, just as not that there is no instrumental here in Indian classical music. The notion of the orchestra, which is so dominant in the Western came to India but did not succeed here, in spite of some interesting experimentation in that direction.
A Case Study on Direct Taxation
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
M/S Shell India and Shell Gas BV The transfer pricing has a significant role to play in terms of taxation of income from intangibles in case of intercompany transfer pricing, in today’s world. With special reference to the Shell case which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Royal Dutch Shell Group. The Royal Dutch Shell Group was created in February 1907 through the amalgamation of two rival companies: Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and the ‘Shell’ Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom. The Issue of Direct Taxation laws as applicable for operations carried out by businesses from located in India as also the transfer pricing Issue are creating lots of heart burn and legal tangles for global organization having subsidiaries in India. The Government at the centre in India is attending to major such tax issues based on the impact of retrospective taxation as adopted by the current and earlier Governments. This aspect of direct taxation has affected in some cases the opportunities for attracting Foreign Direct Investments and ease of doing business in India for many global companies desirous of establishing business subsidiaries in India.
The Common Tragedy in the Non-Banking Financial Corporations (NBFC)
Authors: Pachpande Sandeep , Pachpande Asha , Kulkarni J A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Financial woes of the Indian economy continue in spite of taking strong measures. In 2009 Satyam fiasco rocked the stock markets and similar type of incident has taken place in 2018. Stock markets were flying high and bullish trend was present in markets in September 2018 up to third week. Then the markets showed a downward trend and speculations were made regarding the reasons for the same. With the future stability of the Indian financial system on the line, executives running a giant infrastructure lender gathered at the company’s headquarters in Mumbai and hammered out an ambitious restructuring plan in September 2018 last week to manage a $12.6 billion debt burden. After a string of defaults (ILFS) leading to near collapse of the Company which was amongst the major Non-Banking Financial Corporations after majority of its lenders turned defaulters who were extended huge loans bypassing the Banking laws and regulations from the Securities Exchange board of India (SEBI) and the rules as per various acts of the Finance Ministry of India. Similar financial scandals were revealed in the scrutiny by the regulatory boards Which was the main cause of unwieldy rise in Loan defaults leading the huge Non-Performing Assets of many a major Non-Banking Finance Companies. The recovery processes guided by the now introduced bankruptcy and Insolvency Clauses in the Finance Act has made some head way in avoiding misuse of rules by such banking companies and the Loanees.
Microsoft’s Acquisition of Nokia
Authors: Pawar V P , Kunte Bhagyashree , Tumuluri Srinivas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In September 2013, US-based computing major, Microsoft Corp. (Microsoft) and Finland-based communications company, Nokia Corporation (Nokia), announced that both the companies would enter into a transaction where Microsoft would acquire Nokia’s devices and services segment, Nokia’s patents and license and use Nokia’s mapping services, for US$ 7.2 billion. Earlier in February 2011, Nokia had entered into a strategic alliance with Microsoft in a bid to combine the traditional strengths of the two companies to create synergies. With the acquisition of Nokia, Microsoft aimed to build on its partnership with the former by accelerating the growth of its share and profit in mobile devices through faster innovation, increased synergies, and unified branding and marketing. The case analyses and highlights the acquisition strategy from the strategic fit perspective as well as the benefits/advantages envisaged by both the companies.