bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invitro Effect of Bulkfill and Incremental Application Techniques with Different Composite Filling Materials on Marginal Microleakage
Authors: Aulfat A. Albahari  , Ahmed A. Madfa  , Mohammed A. Dubais  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess the in vitro effect of bulkfill and incremental application techniques on the microleakage of class II dental cavities filled with three different bulkfill composite materials at occlusal and cervical margins.
Methods: Standardized class II cavities were prepared on 120 human premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment, which were randomly divided into two main groups of 60 teeth, corresponding to the two application techniques. Each group wasthen sub-dividedrandomly into three sub-groups based on the type of bulkfill restorative materials as follows: Tetric®N-Ceram BulkFill, Filtek™BulkFill flowable restorative material and X-trafil®BulkFill. All cavities were prepared and etched, and the corresponding self-etch bond adhesive systems were applied. A stereomicroscope was used to assess microleakage after thermocycling and immersion of the specimens in 0.1% methylene blue for 24 hours. Mann-Whitney U test was then used to analyze data.
Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the marginal microleakage between the incremental and bulkfill techniques using the three types of composite materials at both occlusal and cervical margins. The X-trafil®BulkFill showed the lowest score of microleakage with both application techniques compared to other bulkfill composite materials.
Conclusion: Both incremental and bulkfill application techniques using Tetric®N-Ceram BulkFill, Filtek™BulkFill flowable restorative material and X-trafil®BulkFill composite materials have a comparable effect on the marginal microleakage at occlusal and cervical margins of human teeth extracted from dental clinics in Sana’a city. Further studies are recommended to assess the clinical success of bulkfill composite materials using SEM or confocal microscope.
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta‑Lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients at Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, Western UP
Authors: Sarwat Tarana , Mohan Sneha , P. Singh Satendra , K. Kakru Dalip 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections especially in immunocompromised patients. It poses a threat to public health due to its inherent resistance to various antimicrobial agents and its ability to acquire new resistance through multiple mechanisms. Infections due to extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates of P. aeruginosa continue to be a challenge for clinicians as these result in high mortality and morbidity due to antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Cefotaximase-Munich (CTX-M) producing strains of P. aeruginosa in Sharda hospital, Greater Noida.
Methods: Strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples were subjected to phenotypic detection for ESBL production by disc combination method. Positive strains were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of blaCTX-M gene.
Results: Out of 166 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 54 (32.53%) were phenotypically confirmed to produce ESBL. Out of these 54 isolates, 39 (72.22%) were positive for blaCTX-M gene. Multidrug resistance was found in 70 (42.17%) isolates. Imipenem was the most effective drug with a sensitivity of 64.86% whereas aztreonam was found to be least effective with sensitivity of only 36.74%.
Conclusion: Current study highlights the phenotypic and molecular characterization of CTX-M gene in P.aeruginosa in our hospital set-up. With judicious use of antimicrobials and strict infection control practices, it might be possible to limit the effect of these drug destroying enzymes.
Keywords: CTX-M gene, Extended spectrum beta lactamases, Hospital acquired infections, multidrug resistance,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Detrital Zircons in Crustal Evolution: A Perspective from the Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Joshi Kumar Batuk , Banerji Upasana S. , Dubey Chandra Prakash , Oliveira Elson P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Detrital zircons are frequently used for crustal evolutionary studies as they sample vast regions of the continental crust. In the present study, we utilise newly compiled U-Pb detrital zircon data from the Indian subcontinent as well as a compilation of previously reported global data along with Hf isotopes of modern and ancient sediments in order to understand crustal evolution in the Indian subcontinent. The detrital zircon U-Pb age data from the Indian subcontinent show peaks (at 2400–2700, 1600–1900, 850–1200, and 450–550 Ma) that correlate with the formation of major known supercontinents. In addition, two other peaks at 3200–3400 Ma and &lt;100 Ma do not correspond to periods of supercontinent formation. The former peak may represent uneven geographic sample density due to enhanced erosion and exhumation of Archean sources. The distinctly younger (&lt;100 Ma) detrital zircon age peak may represent zircon preservation due to the Himalayan orogeny. The zircon Hf model ages from the Indian subcontinent suggest that the Precambrian crust was the major source of continental crust with younger ages. The conspicuous shift to positive εHf (t) at ca. 3600 Ma from detrital zircons of the Indian subcontinent may underscore a change in geodynamic processes, while the highly negative values post ~3200 Ma may be associated with the crustal reworking. A wavelet analysis of detrital zircons from the Indian and global databases reveals a prominent cyclicity of ~800 Myr and ∼350 Myr plausibly representing the supercontinent cycle and its half cycle. An incongruence in power between global and Indian εHf (t) could be due to the local subcontinental geologic processes during the Paleo- to Mesoarchean.
Prognostic Value of Iron Metabolism-Related Genes in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Hezhen , Yue Siqi , Yang Zhaowei , He Chengyan , Pan Junqi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Iron metabolism-related genes play important roles in the prognostic assessment of many tumors. However, iron metabolism-related genes have not been reported as prognostic biomarkers in bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods: In this study, gene expression profiles and clinical information of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma were obtained by consulting The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We adopt DESeq2 to screen for differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed iron metabolism-related genes in BLCA patients were further evaluated for their predictive value by univariate COX regression analysis. The construction of the risk scoring model was completed by Lasso algorithm. The performance of our constructed risk scoring model in predicting the prognosis of BLCA patients in TCGA-BLCA cohort was performed using K-M curves and ROC curves. This risk scoring model was combined with the clinicopathological characteristics of BLCA patients in the TCGA-BLCA cohort to perform multiple regression analysis. A nomogram model was constructed using the independent predictors identified by multivariate regression analysis. ROC analysis and calibration curves were adapted to test the predictive ability of the nomogram model. GSEA analysis was used to identify potential molecular pathways and processes enriched by differential expression genes between risk groups. Finally, we explored the possibility of this risk scoring model for assessing the levels of immune cell infiltrating through correlation analysis.Results: 14 identified iron metabolism-related genes which possess prognostic value were incorporated into the construction of risk scoring model. The results of the ROC curves and K-M survival curves indicated that this risk scoring model could effectively predict the OS of BLCA patients in the TCGA-BLCA cohort. After multiple regression analysis, the risk scoring model can be used as an independent prognostic factor for BLCA patients. And the nomogram model constructed based on the risk scoring model could effectively predict the OS of BLCA patients. Through GSEA analysis, we found that DEGs between risk groups were mainly involved in biological processes such as developmental process, cell cycle, mitosis, RHO GTPase reaction, DNA repair and extracellular matrix regulation. Immune infiltration analysis showed that immune cells such as NK cells, TCM; TEM; Th2 cells and macrophages infiltration levels in different risk groups were statistically different.Conclusions: By screening iron metabolism-related genes for prognosis and constructing a prognostic model, we could well predict the prognosis of BLCA patients and provide potential targets for BLCA inhibition.
Business sustainability behaviour and alignment with climate targets
Authors: Cenci Simone , Burato Matteo , Rei Marek , Zollo Maurizio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Climate actions from the private sector are crucial to cutting global emissions and meeting the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement. In recent years, an increasing number of companies have pledged to contribute to the achieving of those targets. However, the emissions pathways of most firms are still misaligned with these goals. To explain the root causes of this discrepancy between effort and outcome, we developed a new methodology to track the actions implemented by major public corporations to reduce their emissions. Our analysis shows that firms aligned with climate targets prioritise actions focused on creating growth opportunities, such as investing in research and development and new products as well as fostering cooperation with other ecosystem players. Overall, we provide a new systematic framework to track the effort of public firms to align their emissions with country-level targets. Our approach can be used by investors and policymakers to redirect capital towards its most sustainable use and to design behaviourally founded policy interventions to align business emissions with climate targets.
Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Lee Sang-Ki , Lumpkin Rick , Gomez Fabian , Yeager Stephen , Lopez Hosmay , Takglis Filippos , Dong Shenfu , Aguiar Wilton , Kim Dongmin , Baringer Molly 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a warming climate, the Global Meridional Overturning Circulation (GMOC) is expected to slow down with a significant risk of disrupting the global redistribution of ocean properties that sustains marine ecosystems, carbon cycle, and others. Here, we analyze the GMOC and its interdecadal changes since the mid-1950s derived from an ocean & sea-ice model with its temperature and salinity restored toward historical hydrographic observations. We find that significant changes in the GMOC have already occurred, most notably in the upper and lower overturning cells in the Southern Ocean. The former has expanded poleward and into denser water and strengthened by 3~4 Sv since the mid-1970s, while the latter has contracted and weakened by a similar rate during the same period. These changes are driven by the increasing Southern Hemisphere (SH) Ferrel cell and associated increases in the westerlies and the surface buoyancy loss over its sinking branch, and the increasing Antarctic meltwater discharge that are resulted from the combined effect of ozone depletion in the SH stratosphere and increasing CO2 in the atmosphere. A large-scale readjustment of the GMOC seems to be underway in the South Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans since the mid-2000s in response to the Southern Ocean changes.
Evaluation of Widespread Flooding of the Karkheh Basin in Iran using SWAT Model and GLDAS Database
Authors: Kouchaki Vahid Shokri , Morid Saeed , Delavar Majid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Karkheh basin is a flood-prone region in Iran that was severely affected by devastating river floods in 2019. This study addressed some of the factors that affected on this event and were emphasized in the government inquiry committee1. These include strategic questions such as the effect of prior precipitation in the basin and how the dams could mitigate the floods peak and volume. These questions as well as deficits in the rainfall data led to the application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) rainfall data to address the research questions. The results showed the initial managements of the dams prior to the occurrence of these floods was definitely affected by a decade continuous drought in the basin and the concerns about its continuation in 2019. The events occurred during March and April 2019, however, the precipitation occurred prior on October 2018 along with the resulted snowpack and soil saturation played a significant role in intensifying the floods. Although there were some limitations for the full operation of Seymareh Dam, the decision regarding its full operation could reduce the peak inflow to the Karkheh Dam from 8529 to 5447 m3/s. Finally, it is crucial to provide more accurate prediction systems, undertaking rapid and flexible responses and do not be misled by continuous droughts1https://nfr.ut.ac.ir/en
Is sling immobilization necessary after open Latarjet surgery for anterior shoulder instability? A randomized control trial.
Authors: Patrick Goetti , Tiago Martinho , Seurot Antoine , Hugo Bothorel , Lädermann Alexandre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a current lack of knowledge regarding optimal rehabilitation and duration of sling immobilization after an open Latarjet procedure. A shift towards immediate self-rehabilitation protocols in shoulder surgery is observed to avoid postoperative stiffness and fasten return to sport. Avoiding sling immobilization could further simplify rehabilitation and provide an even faster return to activities of daily living and enhance patient satisfaction.Methods: This study is a single-center, randomized control trial. Sixty-eight patients will be instructed with the same standardized immediate post-operative self-rehabilitation protocol. Patients will be allocated 1:1 between a sling immobilization group for the first three postoperative weeks and no sling group without postoperative immobilization. The primary endpoint will be functional outcome at 6 months postoperative evaluated by the disease-specific Rowe score. Secondary endpoints will include baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) of instability score, visual analog pain scale (VAS), and range of motion measurement. At the 6-month time point, graft bony union and position will be assessed by computed tomography. Motion capture technology will evaluate the baseline and 6-month postoperative range of motion. Finally, time to return to work and sport, along with patient satisfaction, will also be recorded.Discussion: This study will allow further insights into the optimal rehabilitation protocol after open Latarjet surgery and enhance patient care by helping identify rehabilitation and coracoid graft-related factors influencing functional outcomes, bony union, range of motion, and patient satisfaction.Trial registration: The protocol was approved by the ethical committee board (CCER 2019-02469) in April 2020 and by ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04479397) in July 2020.
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Effect of Agricultural Inputs on Crop Productivity of the Three-Grain Crop Types in Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Lantesle Amsalu , Yohannis Hunachew Kibret , Godana Anteneh Asmare 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Agriculture is a critical source of food and income, making it a key component of initiatives aimed at reducing poverty and ensuring food security across the globe. It is the backbone of Ethiopia's economy, contributing significantly to the country's financial development. The sector earns 88.8 percent of trade profit and contributes 36.7 percent of GDP. The purpose of this paper was to identify the homogeneous and heterogeneous effects of agricultural inputs on crop productivity of the three-grain crop types in Ethiopia.
Method
The central statistical agency (CSA) provided the data for this study, which covered the entire country from 1990 to 2012 Ethiopian Calendar (E.C). Crop productivity, which is assessed in kilograms per hectare for cereal, pulse, and oil crops, was utilized as the response variable. For three-grain crop types from 1990 to 2012 E.C, the study used the pooled mean group estimate method, which allows for long-run homogeneity effects across cross-sections as well as short-run heterogeneity.
Results
In the long run, the study found that a one percent increase in fertilizer consumption resulted in a 2.686 percent increase in grain crop productivity in Ethiopia, while a one percent increase in improved seed per hectare and land size, resulted in a 48.31 percent and 10.58 percent increase in grain crop productivity per crop category respectively. Short-run productivity for grain crops increased by 30.29 percent as the amount of improved seed value at one period lag value of commercial farm holders is increased by one percent. In the same way, when the arable land at the first difference is increased by one percent then the productivity of grain crops increased by 40.61 percent.
Conclusion
The findings of this research showed that in the long run, fertilizer consumption, amount of improved seed use, and arable land area size had homogeneous significant contributions, while in the short run, agricultural inputs like the use of pesticides and improved seed use at first lagged value had heterogeneous significant contributions to grain crop productivity improvement across all cross-sectional units.
Diagnostic Accuracy of eHealth Literacy Measurement Tools in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Huang Yu Qing , Liu Laura , Goodarzi Zahra , Watt Jennifer Ann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid uptake of virtual care. However, little is known about how to measure older adults’ electronic health (eHealth) literacy.MethodsWe completed a systematic review examining the validity of eHealth literacy tools compared to a reference standard or another tool. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CDSR, PsycINFO and grey literature for articles published from inception until January 13, 2021. We included studies where the mean population age was at least 60 years old. Two reviewers independently completed article screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment using the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. We implemented the PROGRESS-Plus framework to describe the reporting of social determinants of health.ResultsWe identified 14940 citations and included two studies. Included studies described three methods for assessing eHealth literacy: computer simulation, eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), and Transactional Model of eHealth Literacy (TMeHL). eHEALS correlated moderately with participants’ computer simulation performance (r = 0.34) and TMeHL correlated moderately to highly with eHEALS (r = 0.47–0.66). Using the PROGRESS-Plus framework, we identified shortcomings in the reporting of study participants’ social determinants of health, including social capital and time-dependent relationships.ConclusionsWe found two tools that will support clinicians in identifying older adults’ eHealth literacy, however, future research describing how social determinants of health impact the assessment of eHealth literacy would strengthen tool implementation in clinical practice.Protocol registrationOur systematic review of the literature was registered a priori with PROSPERO (CRD42021238365).
Design of parameters for running-in cylinder liner piston rings based on running-in attractor
Authors: Lang Shihui , Zhu Hua , Wang Yao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Friction and wear is one of the important energy losses of cylinder liner piston rings (CLPRs). The research on the design of running in test parameters of cylinder liner and piston ring is of great significance to reduce the energy loss of internal combustion engine and improve the service life. In order to shorten the running-in time and improve the running-in quality of CLPR, the running-in tests were carried out and running-in parameters of CLPR were designed based on running-in attractor theory. The running-in tests of CLPR samples were carried out for 28 groups under different speed and load conditions, and the friction signal and the running-in surface morphology were collected. The running-in attractor phase trajectory is constructed from the friction signal time series, and the characteristic parameters of the running-in attractor are calculated. The running-in state and time under different working conditions are identified by the evolution law of the running-in attractor phase trajectory and chaotic characteristic quantities. The running-in quality under different working conditions is obtained by the fractal dimension of the surface morphology and characteristic roughness parameters. The running-in parameters of CLPR aiming at both short running-in time and improve running-in quality are designed, and a multi index optimization design aiming at short running-in time and good running-in quality is carried out. The results show that an optimal solution for the CLPR running-in tests under different objectives does existed, and the corresponding optimal running-in parameters are obtained. These parameters, in turn, guide the choice of optimal working conditions. This work can provide ideas for the study of other friction pairs.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Detection Using Electrocardiographic Signal
Authors: Liu Cheng-Wei , Wu Fu-Hsing , Hu Yu-Lun , Pan Ren-Hao , Lin Chuen-Horng , Chen Yung-Fu , Tseng Guo-Shiang , Chan Yung-Kuan , Wang Ching-Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) indicates subclinical organ damage, associating with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. From the medical perspective, electrocardiogram (ECG) is a low-cost, non-invasive, and easily reproducible tool that is often used as a preliminary diagnosis for the detection of heart disease. Nowadays, there are many criteria for assessing LVH by ECG. These criteria usually include that voltage combination of RS peaks in multi-lead ECG must be greater than one or more thresholds for diagnosis. We developed a system for detecting LVH using ECG signals by two steps: firstly, the R-peak and S-valley amplitudes of the 12-lead ECG were extracted to automatically obtain a total of 24 features and ECG beats of each case (LVH or non-LVH) were segmented; secondly, a back propagation neural network (BPN) was trained using a dataset with these features. Echocardiography (ECHO) was used as the gold standard for diagnosing LVH. The number of LVH cases (of a Taiwanese population) identified was 173. As each ECG sequence generally included 8 to 13 cycles (heartbeats) due to differences in heart rate, etc., we identified 1466 ECG cycles of LVH patients after beat segmentation. Results showed that our BPN model for detecting LVH reached the testing accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.961, 0.958, 0.966 and 0.956, respectively. Detection performances of our BPN model, on the whole, outperform 7 methods using ECG criteria and many ECG-based artificial intelligence (AI) models reported previously for detecting LVH.