bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KPR‐5714, a selective transient receptor potential melastatin 8 antagonist, improves voiding dysfunction in rats with bladder overactivity but does not affect voiding behavior in normal rats
Authors: Watanabe Shinjiro , Fujimori Yoshikazu , Matsuzawa Akane , Kobayashi Jun‐ichi , Hirasawa Hideaki , Mutai Yosuke , Tanada Fumiya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTransient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) has a role in the abnormal sensory transduction of the bladder and is involved in the pathophysiology of hyperactivity bladder disorders. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of KPR‐5714, a novel and selective TRPM8 antagonist, on voiding dysfunction induced by bladder afferent hyperactivity via mechanosensitive C‐fibers in rats.MethodsThe effects of intragastric administration of KPR‐5714 on bladder overactivity induced by intravesical instillation of 10 mM ATP were investigated using cystometry in conscious female rats. We examined the effects of oral administration of KPR‐5714 on voiding behavior using a metabolic cage in normal male rats and rats with an intratesticular injection of 3% acetic acid.ResultsIn cystometry measurements, the intercontraction interval was decreased by intravesical ATP instillation. KPR‐5714 (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg) dose‐dependently prolonged the shortened intercontraction interval provoked by ATP. In voiding behavior measurements, intratesticular injection of acetic acid decreased the mean voided volume and increased voiding frequency. KPR‐5714 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) dose‐dependently increased the mean voided volume and decreased voiding frequency without affecting the total voided volume in these rats. However, KPR‐5714 (1 and 10 mg/kg) did not influence the voiding behavior in normal rats.ConclusionThe present results suggest that KPR‐5714 improves voiding dysfunction by inhibiting the enhanced activity of mechanosensitive bladder C‐fibers in rats with bladder overactivity and shows no significant change in voiding behavior in normal rats.
Optimal control method for power system reactive power management considering real‐time uncertainties
Authors: Vela Anandam Preethi , Alagarsamy Shunmugalatha , Chittu Kuppusamy Babulal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article investigates multi‐objective reactive power management while accounting for real‐time generation and load uncertainties. The primary goal of this research is to investigate the effects of uncertainties on reactive power dispatch, while taking into account multiple objectives at the same time and keeping operational constraints in mind. The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is solved using an “indicator‐based evolutionary technique” called “ISDE+,” which considers two different goal functions: real power loss minimization and voltage deviation minimization. IEEE 30 and IEEE 57 bus test systems are taken into account in the simulation. ISDE+ generates a set of non‐dominated optimal solutions, from which the best compromise solution is extracted using the “S” shaped fuzzy membership function. A hyper‐volume indicator is used to evaluate the optimizer's performance. In addition, this work proposes a stochastic ORPD problem for tri‐objective optimization with load demand and wind power uncertainty. The Weibull probability distribution function was used to model stochastic wind power using real‐time wind speed data gathered from the National Institute of Wind Energy. Furthermore, to obtain a generalized wind speed set, a scenario‐based reduction technique based on the Python programming language is developed. The outcomes of simulations in deterministic and stochastic instances were studied and compared using ISDE+, which outperforms other methods documented in the literature.
Surface reformed anisotropic polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene‐graft‐maleic anhydride layer via ion‐beam irradiation for liquid crystals
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Dong Wook , Oh Jin Young , Won Jonghoon , Seo Dae‐Shik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe surface modifications and liquid crystal (LC) alignment properties of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MA) films induced by ion‐beam (IB) irradiation are reported herein. Changes to the surfaces of the SEBS‐g‐MA films from IB irradiation at various incidence angles and changes in the LC orientations upon LC cell fabrication were analyzed. The physical surface modifications due to IB irradiation were observed via atomic force microscopy. Additionally, changes in the molecular composition of the surface were observed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Polarized optical microscopy analysis shows that excellent LC alignment properties could be obtained after IB irradiation at angles exceeding 45°. Further, the anisotropy caused by IB irradiation was more responsible for uniform LC alignment than the corrugated pattern.
Effect of incorporation of sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata[Wurmb] Merr.) fiber from various geographical regions towards the tensile and flexural properties ofSPF/epoxy composites for engineering applications
Authors: Sapuan S.M. , Harussani M.M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy composites reinforced with sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fiber (SPF) harvested from various geographical locations, in Malaysia; Kuala Jempol, Negeri Sembilan (SPFN9); Benta, Pahang (SPFP); and Tawau, Sabah (SPFS), and from Java, Indonesia (SPFJ). Due to its optimal chemical composition, which includes a higher proportion of cellulose (44.53%), hemicellulose (10.01%) and lignin (41.97%), SPFN9/epoxy composites have the best tensile and flexural strength, according to this study, with 27.09 MPa and 54.44 MPa, respectively. The composites demonstrate slight decreases in the tensile strength (about 27–36%) and flexural strength (about 26%–42%) compared to the neat one. This is associated with the insufficient filling of the polymer amount. The hydrophilic characteristic of SPF makes it tough to bind to hydrophobic epoxy, creating a difficulty with interfacial adhesion between the filler and matrix. Thus, the SPF needed to be treated prior to the fabrication of composites to improve its mechanical properties for structural and automotive applications.
Challenges to implementing parent‐focused antibullying policies: Lessons learned in Connecticut
Authors: Martinez Andrew , O'Connor Kelly , McMahon Susan , Bhatia Shaun , Primavera Judy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBullying is a public health concern warranting policy‐level responses. Toward this end, states are enacting antibullying policies that require schools to be inclusive of parents. The current study examines parent‐related challenges as schools implement newly amended antibullying legislation in Connecticut. School personnel data were analyzed from 24 semistructured interviews and qualitative survey responses across 300 schools. We used inductive coding techniques to synthesize data into broader themes. Four major challenges to implementing antibullying policies emerged from qualitative analysis: (1) challenges to parent engagement, (2) interpretation of the word “bullying,” (3) parent affective responses, and (4) conflicting home and school norms. State antibullying laws call for greater parent engagement, but schools are often not fully inclusive of parents. A greater focus on the developing a positive school climate and a culture of parental engagement can facilitate the implementation of antibullying laws and ensure the safety of children.
Chemically recyclable crosslinked thiol‐ene photopolymers via thiol‐disulfide exchange reactions
Authors: Alfarhan Saleh , Brown James , Liu Boer , Long Timothy , Jin Kailong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConventional crosslinked photopolymers possess permanent network structures, which cannot be remolded/recycled and generally discarded as waste after use. Research has begun to incorporate dynamic bonds into crosslinked photopolymers to make them reprocessable/recyclable, however, previous studies typically require tedious pre‐syntheses to obtain photoreactive building blocks that contain desired dynamic linkages/functionalities. In this study, we report a simple, one‐step, and scalable synthesis of chemically recyclable crosslinked thiol‐ene photopolymers that contain dynamic disulfide bonds from commercially available building blocks. Specifically, liquid polysulfides containing both reactive thiol end groups and internal disulfide bonds, together with multifunctional alkenes, are selected as the building blocks to simultaneously incorporate disulfide bonds during network formation via thiol‐ene photopolymerization. The incorporated dynamic disulfide bonds allow these thiol‐ene networks to be chemically recycled into photoreactive thiol oligomers through base‐catalyzed thiol‐disulfide exchange reactions. The resulting thiol oligomers can be effectively reused, together with the original multifunctional alkenes, for the next‐generation syntheses of crosslinked thiol‐ene photopolymers with chemical compositions and material properties that are nearly identical to those of the originally crosslinked sample. This chemical recycling process can be repeated many (infinite in theory) times to produce recycled thiol‐ene photopolymer networks with full property retention. Overall, the unique chemistry demonstrated in this study could potentially provide a route towards a circular economy of crosslinked photopolymers.
Tertiary motifs as building blocks for the design of protein‐binding peptides
Authors: Swanson Sebastian , Sivaraman Venkatesh , Grigoryan Gevorg , Keating Amy E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite advances in protein engineering, the de novo design of small proteins or peptides that bind to a desired target remains a difficult task. Most computational methods search for binder structures in a library of candidate scaffolds, which can lead to designs with poor target complementarity and low success rates. Instead of choosing from pre‐defined scaffolds, we propose that custom peptide structures can be constructed to complement a target surface. Our method mines tertiary motifs (TERMs) from known structures to identify surface‐complementing fragments or “seeds.” We combine seeds that satisfy geometric overlap criteria to generate peptide backbones and score the backbones to identify the most likely binding structures. We found that TERM‐based seeds can describe known binding structures with high resolution: the vast majority of peptide binders from 486 peptide‐protein complexes can be covered by seeds generated from single‐chain structures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that known peptide structures can be reconstructed with high accuracy from peptide‐covering seeds. As a proof of concept, we used our method to design 100 peptide binders of TRAF6, seven of which were predicted by Rosetta to form higher‐quality interfaces than a native binder. The designed peptides interact with distinct sites on TRAF6, including the native peptide‐binding site. These results demonstrate that known peptide‐binding structures can be constructed from TERMs in single‐chain structures and suggest that TERM information can be applied to efficiently design novel target‐complementing binders.
Hydrogen explosions in sprinkler systems
Authors: Park Sungwan , An Songhie , Choi Youngwoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the cause of two explosions that occurred during maintenance on a sprinkler system to examine the risk of such an explosion. In both incidences, the explosion occurred after the system was drained into the water‐collecting tank and shortly after the work began. Sprinkler systems in Korea generally use galvanized pipes to prevent corrosion and extend their lifetime. Zinc is the most common element used as a coating material. Although such a system is not usually perceived as dangerous, our study shows that it can contribute to a build‐up of hazardous factors, which ultimately can lead to accidents. As a common metal oxidation reaction, zinc produces hydrogen gas while oxidizing within the water‐filled pipes. Such hydrogen gas can become explosive when stagnating inside the water‐collecting tank as the sprinkler pipes are drained. In both explosion cases, the automatic water level control system of the water‐collecting tank is suspected to have acted as an ignition source for hydrogen gas explosion by electrical contact. By understanding these two cases, we can provide better safety standards for explosion protection for sprinkler systems that are already installed in buildings and those that will be installed in the future.
Trichoderma species isolated from grapevine with tolerance towards common copper fungicides used in viticulture for plant protection
Authors: Küpper Verena , Steiner Ulrike , Kortekamp Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCopper‐containing fungicides are applied broadly in organic viticulture against downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola. Although long‐term application of copper‐based fungicides is associated with ecotoxic effects on the environment, their use in viticulture is required until sustainable alternatives are available. Trichoderma spp. might be a promising approach to fungicide reduction while promoting plant growth and development and displaying biocontrol activity. This study aims to examine the tolerance and compatibility of Trichoderma spp. to copper fungicides. This work contributes to the development of a spray application consisting of a copper‐tolerant Trichoderma sp. combined with a downscaled copper fungicide rate against P. viticola.RESULTSTrichoderma spp. isolated from grapevine wood in vineyards were identified and used for tolerance screening in various concentrations of copper fungicides. Copper hydroxide was identified as being highly compatible with Trichoderma. Two Trichoderma candidates, T. koningiopsis and T. harzianum, showed high copper tolerance in mycelial growth and germination tests, and were adapted to 2.85 g Cu L−1 of the selected fungicide. Microscopic investigations showed the attachment of copper compounds to fungal cell walls and copper uptake within the cytoplasm. In the case of high tolerance, large‐scale copper uptake was prevented.CONCLUSIONOur findings identified two highly copper‐tolerant Trichoderma isolates with natural adaptation to the vineyard ecosystem, which could be further tested as biostimulants and biocontrol agents, combined with a reduced fungicide rate for sustainable plant protection. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tyrosine hydroxylase involved in cuticle tanning and reproduction in the 28‐spotted potato ladybeetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Authors: Chen Shimin , Nanda Satyabrata , Guo Mujuan , Kong Lan , Yang Chunxiao , Liu Zhuoqi , Gao Ran , Qiu Baoli , Zhang Youjun , Zhou Xuguo , Pan Huipeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a melanin synthesis pathway enzyme hydroxylating tyrosine into 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, is involved in the pigmentation and sclerotization of insect cuticles. However, the role of TH in 28‐spotted potato ladybeetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata), an emerging pest of the solanaceous crops has been explored to a limited extent. In this study, we integrated dietary RNA interference (RNAi) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining with various bioassays to analyze the role of tyrosine hydroxylase (HvTH) throughout the developmental processes of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata.RESULTSThe results revealed that ingestion of dsHvTH led to cuticle tanning impairment, arrested larval feeding in the first and second instars of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, and subsequently resulted in 100% mortality. The H&E staining assays revealed that dsHvTH prevented new abdominal cuticle formation. A pharmacological study using 3‐iodo‐tyrosine (3‐IT), a HvTH inhibitor, disrupted larval–larval–pupal cuticle tanning during the third–fourth instar larval development and eventually failed to pupate. Similarly, dsHvTH fed to fourth instars hindered larval–pupal–adult cuticle tanning, and the eclose adults were 100% malformed. Ingestion of dsHvTH or 3‐IT significantly down‐regulated HvTH, HvDDC, Hvebony, and Hvlaccase2 expression and reduced dopamine levels. Finally, HvTH silencing in adult females substantially reduced the offspring hatching rates.CONCLUSIONSThe collective results of the study suggested that HvTH plays conserved roles in larval–pupal–adult cuticle melanization and sclerotization while exhibiting a novel function in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata reproduction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Schwarzinicine A inhibits transient receptor potential canonical channels and exhibits overt vasorelaxation effects
Authors: Mak Yin‐Ying , Loong Bi‐Juin , Millns Paul , Bauer Claudia C. , Bon Robin S. , Mbaki Yvonne , Lee Fong‐Kai , Lim Kuan‐Hon , Kong Cin , Then Sue‐Mian , Ting Kang‐Nee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the vasorelaxant effects of schwarzinicine A, an alkaloid recently reported from Ficus schwarzii Koord. Regulation of calcium homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is viewed as one of the main mechanisms for controlling blood pressure. L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) blockers are commonly used for controlling hypertension. Recently, the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels were found in blood vessels of different animal species with evidence of their roles in the regulation of vascular contractility. In this study, we studied the mechanism of actions of schwarzinicine A focusing on its regulation of L‐type VGCC and TRPC channels. Schwarzinicine A exhibited the highest vasorelaxant effect (123.1%) compared to other calcium channel blockers. It also overtly attenuated calcium‐induced contractions of the rat isolated aortae in a calcium‐free environment showing its mechanism to inhibit calcium influx. Fluorometric intracellular calcium recordings confirmed its inhibition of hTRPC3‐, hTRPC4‐, hTRPC5‐ and hTRPC6‐mediated calcium influx into HEK cells with IC50 values of 3, 17, 19 and 7 μM, respectively. The evidence gathered in this study suggests that schwarzinicine A blocks multiple TRPC channels and L‐type VGCC to exert a significant vascular relaxation response.
Proportional hazard‐based robust monitoring schemes using logistic distribution
Authors: Nabeel Moezza , Ali Sajid , Shah Ismail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the manufacturing industry, process surveillance plays an important role in improving product reliability. Many monitoring procedures have been devised to improve the reliability of a product in the literature. Due to cascading nature of multistage processes, the quality variable of the final stage can be influenced by the quality variable in the previous stages. Furthermore, the ordinary least squares method produces biased estimates if there are outliers in the historical data. The existence of cascade property in the multistage process and the presence of influential observations (outliers) in the historical data make the analysis of control schemes more challenging. Therefore, it is essential to take into account the impact of effective covariates and outliers in the historical dataset. In this paper, a cumulative sum (CUSUM) and two exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts have been developed to monitor a two‐stage‐dependent process. The proportional hazard (PH) model has been applied to model the relationship among the incoming and outgoing variables of the two stage process. To deal with the deleterious effects of outliers on the results, a robust regression technique known as the M‐estimation has been implemented and the performance of the proposed monitoring procedures has been analyzed through Monte Carlo simulations. Lastly, two real‐life applications of the proposed control schemes are presented.
The Effects of Wheat and Rice Straw as a Substrate on the Treatment of Reverse Osmosis Reject Wastewater in a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Sonu Kumar , Sogani Monika , Syed Zainab , Rajvanshi Jayana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work has examined the effect of cellulose based substrates such as rice straw and wheat straw on the treatment of Reverse osmosis (RO) reject wastewater in a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC). At a substrate concentration of 125 mg/L (125 mg of substrate in 1 L of RO reject wastewater), the two type of MFCs with rice straw and wheat straw as substrates were operated along with the third one as the control without any substrate. MFC with the wheat straw as the substrate outperformed the MFC with rice straw substrate in respect to maximum power density and total dissolved solid (TDS) removal of 127 mW/m2 and 71.88 percent, respectively. Performance of MFC with the three concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/L of the chosen substrate (wheat straw) were compared. Substrate concentration of 125 mg/L was found to be the most effective. In SCMFCs formed for both the substrates, the ohmic losses were predominant, as shown by the polarization curves.
Thermal, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of PMMA Nanocomposites with Manganese and Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles and Their Functionalization
Authors: Galhardo Pimenta Tienne Lucas , Tommasini Vieira Ramos Flavio James Humberto , de Fátima Vieira Marques Maria , dos Santos Aguilera Letícia , da Silva Figueiredo André Ben‐Hur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManganese (MnFe2O4) and zinc (ZnFe2O4) ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by the combustion method. Furthermore, the modification of these particles with a silane compound was performed. Thus, the particles produced were analyzed for morphology using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal stability, and composition assisted by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is noteworthy that the present work used an unprecedented Far‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (Far‐FTIR) technique to differentiate the types of ferrites and their surface functionalization, as it is a simpler, more efficient, and high‐resolution method. It is worth mentioning that there are few comparative studies of zinc and manganese ferrites in the literature, much less distinguishing these ferrites simply and efficiently. In addition, there is also a lack of scientific knowledge about its chemical functionalization as compatibilization, especially silanization. Novel PMMA nanocomposites were prepared with the different synthesized particles in the contents from 0.1 % to 1.0 wt.% by the in situ polymerization technique. The nanocomposites were characterized by the analysis of SEM, TGA, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FTIR mainly by their morphology, thermal resistance, glass transition temperature, proving the chemical interactions, electrical conductivity, capacitance, and dielectric constant. Furthermore, it was evidenced that, in addition to the improvements in thermal, electrical, and interface properties, the produced nanocomposites showed excellent electromagnetic shielding properties even at low filler contents. It is noteworthy that the capacitance increases 63 % for the composite with 1.0 % zinc ferrite and 43 % for manganese ferrite. Also, the electromagnetic absorption results proved that even the low filler contents tested in this work, up to 1.0 %, presented an excellent potential for applying as electromagnetic shielding materials, reaching up to 70 % attenuation with the use of zinc ferrite. Both ferrites showed excellent results, even superior to those found in the literature for other particles with the same purposes, and still needed a lower content to achieve excellent results.