bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining an epidemiological landscape that connects movement ecology to pathogen transmission and pace‐of‐life
Authors: Manlove Kezia , Wilber Mark , White Lauren , Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Yang Anni , Gilbertson Marie L. J. , Craft Meggan E. , Cross Paul C. , Wittemyer George , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPathogen transmission depends on host density, mobility and contact. These components emerge from host and pathogen movements that themselves arise through interactions with the surrounding environment. The environment, the emergent host and pathogen movements, and the subsequent patterns of density, mobility and contact form an ‘epidemiological landscape’ connecting the environment to specific locations where transmissions occur. Conventionally, the epidemiological landscape has been described in terms of the geographical coordinates where hosts or pathogens are located. We advocate for an alternative approach that relates those locations to attributes of the local environment. Environmental descriptions can strengthen epidemiological forecasts by allowing for predictions even when local geographical data are not available. Environmental predictions are more accessible than ever thanks to new tools from movement ecology, and we introduce a ‘movement‐pathogen pace of life’ heuristic to help identify aspects of movement that have the most influence on spatial epidemiology. By linking pathogen transmission directly to the environment, the epidemiological landscape offers an efficient path for using environmental information to inform models describing when and where transmission will occur.
Impact of vaccination on COVID‐19 outcome in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Gradl Christiane , Heschl Bettina , Hegen Harald , Di Pauli Franziska , Assar Hamid , Leutmezer Fritz , Traxler Gerhard , Krajnc Nik , Zulehner Gudrun , Hiller Maria‐Sophia , Rommer Paulus , Wipfler Peter , Guger Michael , Enzinger Christian , Berger Thomas ,   for the AUT‐MuSC investigators
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeCOVID‐19 continues to challenge neurologists in counseling persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) regarding disease‐modifying treatment (DMT) and vaccination. The objective here was to characterize predictors of COVID‐19 outcome in pwMS.MethodsWe included pwMS with polymerase chain reaction‐confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis from a nationwide population‐based registry. COVID‐19 outcome was classified as either mild or severe. Impact of DMT, specifically anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies (anti‐CD20), and vaccination on COVID‐19 outcome was determined by multivariate models adjusted for a priori risk (determined by a cumulative risk score comprising age, disability, and comorbidities).ResultsOf 317 pwMS with COVID‐19 (mean age = 41.8 years [SD = 12.4], 72.9% female, median Expanded Disability Status Scale = 1.5 [range = 0–8.5], 77% on DMT [16% on anti‐CD20]), 92.7% had a mild course and 7.3% a severe course, with 2.2% dying from COVID‐19. Ninety‐seven pwMS (30.6%) were fully vaccinated. After a median 5 months from vaccination to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (range = 1–9), severe COVID‐19 occurred in 2.1% of fully vaccinated pwMS compared to 9.5% in unvaccinated pwMS (p = 0.018).A priori risk robustly predicted COVID‐19 severity (R2 = 0.605, p < 0.001). Adjusting for a priori risk, anti‐CD20 treatment was associated with increased COVID‐19 severity (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3, R2 = 0.113, p = 0.003), but exposure to any other DMT was not. Fully vaccinated pwMS showed a significantly decreased risk for severe COVID‐19 (OR = 0.21, R2 = 0.144, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a population‐based MS cohort, COVID‐19 course is primarily predicted by a priori risk (depending on age, disability, and comorbidities) explaining about 60% of variance. Anti‐CD20 treatment is associated with a moderately increased risk, whereas reassuringly vaccination provides protection from severe COVID‐19.
A single genomic region involving a putative chromosome rearrangement in flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) is associated with differential host resilience to the parasite Bonamia ostreae
Authors: Sambade Inés Martínez , Casanova Adrian , Blanco Andrés , Gundappa Manu K. , Bean Tim P. , Macqueen Daniel J. , Houston Ross D. , Villalba Antonio , Vera Manuel , Kamermans Pauline , Martínez Paulino 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEuropean flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) is an ecologically and economically important marine bivalve, that has been severely affected by the intracellular parasite Bonamia ostreae. In this study, a flat oyster SNP array (~14,000 SNPs) was used to validate previously reported outlier loci for divergent selection associated with B. ostreae exposure in the Northeast Atlantic Area. A total of 134 wild and hatchery individuals from the North Sea, collected in naïve (NV) and long‐term affected (LTA) areas, were analysed. Genetic diversity and differentiation were related to the sampling origin (wild vs. hatchery) when using neutral markers, and to bonamiosis status (NV vs. LTA) when using outlier loci for divergent selection. Two genetic clusters appeared intermingled in all sampling locations when using outlier loci, and their frequency was associated with their bonamiosis status. When both clusters were compared, outlier data sets showed high genetic divergence (FST > 0.25) unlike neutral loci (FST not ≠ 0). Moreover, the cluster associated with LTA samples showed much higher genetic diversity and significant heterozygote excess with outlier loci, but not with neutral data. Most outliers mapped on chromosome 8 (OE‐C8) of the flat oyster genome, supporting a main genomic region underlying resilience to bonamiosis. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes previously reported between NV and LTA strains showed higher mapping density on OE‐C8. A range of relevant immune functions were specifically enriched among genes annotated on OE‐C8, providing hypotheses for resilience mechanisms to an intracellular parasite. The results suggest that marker‐assisted selection could be applied to breed resilient strains of O. edulis to bonamiosis, if lower parasite load and/or higher viability of the LTA genetic cluster following B. ostreae infection is demonstrated.
Implementation of sliding mode backstepping controller for boost converter in real‐time for LED application
Authors: Deo Rajesh Narayan , Shrivastava Ashish , Chatterjee Kalyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the real‐time implementation of a sliding mode backstepping controller for boost converters for LED lighting applications. The sliding surface is used to calculate the first error value in the backstepping control procedure, which ensures the system's robustness over a wide range of disturbances by achieving an asymptotically stable system based on the Lyapunov function. Due to the non‐minimum phase nature of boost converter, the system will become unstable. Hence the output voltage is indirectly controlled by controlling the sliding surface in the proposed sliding mode backstepping controller in order to achieve the asymptotically stable system. The detailed simulation is carried out on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the results are compared to that of a conventional proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller and a traditional sliding mode controller, which ensures system robustness across a wide range of load resistance and input voltage changes, resulting in enhanced transient and, steady‐state responses. In the laboratory, a prototype of proposed controller is designed to ensure its accuracy in real‐time. By comparing the proposed control technique to the conventional sliding mode controller and PID controller, the flexibility of the proposed control method is validated for any variation at the input and output sides. From the experimental results, it is apparent that the proposed controller responds accurately and rapidly regardless of the disturbances caused to the system.
Family processes and structure: Longitudinal influences on adolescent disruptive and internalizing behaviors
Authors: Savell Shannon M. , Saini Ravjot , Ramos Mayra , Wilson Melvin N. , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Shaw Daniel S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study revisits the assumption in American culture, based in “family privilege,” that children fare better in two‐parent households by longitudinally examining associations between family structure, process, and adolescent behavior.BackgroundSocietal assumptions and cross‐sectional research suggest that there is a difference in child adjustment across varying family structures. Relatedly, the family process literature emphasizes the importance of parent–child relationship quality in addition to family structure on child adjustment.MethodWe utilized a longitudinal, prospective design that assessed family structures on nine occasions covering a 12‐year period beginning when the target child was 2 years of age for a large (N = 714), ethnically and racially diverse sample of low‐income families. We examined the relation between self‐reported, teacher‐reported, and primary caregiver‐reported adolescent disruptive and internalizing problem behavior across family structures and parent–child relationship quality.ResultsAcross seven identified family structures, adolescent behavior did not differ after accounting for middle‐childhood adjustment and relevant contextual factors. However, consistent with family process models of child adjustment, positive parent–child relationship quality predicted lower rates of adolescent maladaptive behavior.ConclusionThese findings serve to combat stigma related to family structures that deviate from married parents raising their children and highlight the need for interventions designed to foster positive parent–child relationships.ImplicationsPolicy makers and practitioners should aim to support efforts to foster positive parent–child relationships across types of family structures and refrain from promoting or discouraging the formations of specific family structure types.
Organizational commitment in local government bureaucracies: The case of Zambia
Authors: Resnick Danielle , Siame Gilbert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhat drives organizational commitment in local government? Despite the growth of decentralization initiatives in many developing countries and concurrent investments by international donors to build public sector capacity, there thus far has been little consideration of what drives bureaucrats to stay committed to local government service. This paper addresses this question by drawing on original survey data with more than 150 bureaucrats across 16 district councils in Zambia. The findings show that along with education, key factors that shape commitment include alignment with the mission of local government service, clear job objectives provided by supervisors, and placement in a city council. By contrast, extrinsic rewards and political interference play a more important role when examining drivers of job satisfaction. The results underscore the need for nuanced and multi‐modal policy interventions in developing country contexts to retain skilled staff in local government and improve the delivery of services to local communities.
The entrenchment of the ideal worker norm during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from working mothers in the United States
Authors: Zanhour Mona , Sumpter Dana McDaniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe study shifts in the ideal worker culture as experienced by working mothers across organizations in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Experiences of 53 interviewees who attended to increased responsibilities across both work and family domains revealed an entrenchment of the ideal worker culture across nearly all organizations and professions. This manifested in three levels: as (1) a reinforced ideal worker culture in the workplace through work intensification, increased competitiveness, and surface‐level support; (2) the reinforcing of organizations' ideal worker norms at home, with gendered division of space and labor; and (3) experienced internalized ideal worker norms in the expectations working mothers maintained for themselves. These findings offer insight into the lives of working mothers during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the challenges which have pushed many mothers to reduce work hours or leave the workforce. Highlighting the intricate nature of the entrenchment of the ideal worker culture informs implications for theory of gendered organizations and for organizational practice.
Physical function and physical activity in hemodialysis patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Harada Manae , Suzuki Yuta , Matsuzawa Ryota , Watanabe Takaaki , Yamamoto Shohei , Imamura Keigo , Yoshikoshi Shun , Aoyama Naoyoshi , Osada Shiwori , Yoshida Atsushi , Matsunaga Atsuhiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is commonly observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis. PAD impairs the vasculature and leads to pathophysiologic changes in the skeletal muscles, causing physical function impairment and physical inactivity in general. However, it is unclear whether PAD adversely affects physical function and physical activity in patients on hemodialysis.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study with a retrospective review of the data to determine whether PAD is associated with impaired physical function and physical activity in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study population comprised 310 patients and 88 healthy subjects. PAD was diagnosed based on an ankle‐brachial index of <1.00 in patients on hemodialysis. Measurements of physical function included maximum walking speed, muscle strength in the lower extremities, and balance while standing.FindingsOf the 310 patients, 84 (27.1%) had PAD. When patients undergoing hemodialysis were divided into those without PAD and those with PAD, both groups had poorer physical function and physical activity than the healthy control subjects. After adjustments for potential confounders, it was found that patients on hemodialysis with PAD had slower walking speed, poorer standing balance, and less physical activity than those without PAD. However, there was no significant difference in lower extremity muscle strength between the two groups.DiscussionPAD diagnosed based on an ankle‐brachial index of <1.00 was independently associated with impaired physical function and reduced physical activity in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Skin and mucosal telangiectatic lesions in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients
Authors: Hyldahl Stefanie J. , El‐Jaji Mounir Q. , Schuster Annette , Kjeldsen Anette Drøhse 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic criteria for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) include the presence of telangiectatic lesions in common sites (nose, fingers, oral cavity, and lips). Telangiectatic lesions are described as red spots in the skin, but this description is inadequate. Few studies have investigated the characteristics of telangiectatic lesions in HHT, and we aimed to describe the distribution and morphology of telangiectatic lesions in HHT patients.MethodsWe reviewed the telangiectatic lesions in 34 adult HHT patients seen at our HHT center. Photo documentation was used to describe the morphology and distribution of the lesions.ResultsThe telangiectatic lesions in both HHT1 and HHT2 patients were predominantly round and either flat or slightly elevated. However, elongated flat lesions and larger round, elevated lesions were also observed. Patients with HHT1 had more lesions in the mucosa (tongue and oral cavity) compared with HHT2 patients. There was no difference between HHT1 and HHT2 patients in the total number of lesions in the skin and mucosa.ConclusionsThe typical round, flat telangiectatic lesion is the most common lesion in HHT, but it is very often accompanied by elevated or elongated lesions. The total number of lesions did not vary between gender, but women had significantly more lesions in the mucosa (p = 0.027). The presentation of telangiectatic lesions may vary a little between HHT1 and HHT2 patients but not in such a way that allows the morphology and location of the lesions to predict the HHT subtype.
Study of purine derivatives and their relation to renal disorders in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Bazid Heba A. S. , Shoeib Mohamed A. , El‐Sayed Samar , Mostafa Mohammad I. , Shoeib May M. , Eldeen Eman Salah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis (Pso) is a chronic proliferative skin condition associated with hyperuricemia that may impair renal function.ObjectivesThe current study investigates the correlation between purine derivatives (PDs) and renal function in patients with Pso.Patients/MethodsThis case–control study comprises 30 psoriatic patients and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess serum xanthine oxidase (XO) and urine albumin levels. Serum uric acid (SUA) and urinary creatinine were measured using the colorimetric method.ResultsThere was a rise in the related PDs levels in patients with Pso compared to controls, as evidenced by the enhanced SUA levels (p < 0.001) and XO levels (p < 0.001). The presence of the related PDs in the serum was linked to the severity of Pso, and there was also a connection between the related PDs levels in the blood and indicators of renal dysfunction. Moreover, SUA and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) were found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.371 and p = 0.044), as were XO and UACR (r = 0.422 and p = 0.020). In psoriatic patients with itching and palmoplantar affection, mean SUA levels were considerably more significant than those in other instances (p = 0.005 and p = 0.018, respectively).ConclusionPso, being a hyperproliferative disease, is associated with hyperuricemia, which has a harmful effect on kidney function. The related PDs may be unique serological biomarkers for patients with Pso who are at high risk of developing renal abnormalities, especially with higher severity scores.
Country‐level checklists and occurrences for the world's Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies)
Authors: Sandall Emily L. , Pinkert Stefan , Jetz Walter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimBiogeographical inference and assessments of species' threat status and trends depend on comprehensive information on the current geographical distribution of species. Even country‐level presences remain poorly known for many insect species and consistent global overviews for those species are missing. Here we integrate information from literature checklists, point occurrences, and identify potential species range gaps to provide a database of country‐level checklists of dragonfly and damselfly species and a useful baseline for global biogeographical assessment and for assessing remaining gaps in taxonomic and spatial knowledge.LocationGlobal.TaxonOdonata (damselflies and dragonflies).MethodsOur database of checklist information contains country‐level species distribution information from 491 literature sources, with a focus on checklist data from 1990 to 2021 to reflect the present taxonomic and country boundaries. Additionally, we apply a novel method to interpolate potential species–country combinations missing from the literature and point data by generating a list of species present in >50% of the surrounding countries.ResultsOf the 6,322 globally recognized odonate species, taxonomically harmonized literature checklist records and quality‐controlled point occurrence data address 6,076 and 4,170 species, respectively. Our compilation provides a total of 31,569 unique species–country combinations, with 23,239 uniquely provided by literature checklist and 2,031 point occurrence data, respectively.Main ConclusionsThis odonate country checklist dataset provides a resource for scientists and conservation practitioners to examine questions related to baseline odonate species richness, distributions, regional conservation, and gaps in taxonomic and spatial data coverage. The combined literature and point occurrence country‐level information provide the most comprehensive data available to date on the global distribution of Odonata. Our results show that checklist and point occurrences are concordant in well‐studied regions and that literature data are of complementary value in tropical and species‐rich countries.
Resveratrol, novel application by preconditioning to attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through regulate AMPK pathway and autophagy level
Authors: Li Haiyan , Zheng Fuchun , Zhang Yanmei , Sun Jiajia , Gao Fenfei , Shi Ganggang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is the main cause of deaths in the worldwide, leading to severe cardiac dysfunction. Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol plant‐derived compound. Our study aimed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of preconditioning RSV in protecting against MI/RI. Mice were ligated and re‐perfused by the left anterior descending branch with or without RSV (30 mg/kg·ip) for 7 days. Firstly, we found that RSV pretreatment significantly alleviated myocardial infarct size, improved cardiac function and decreased oxidative stress. Furthermore, RSV activated p‐AMPK and SIRT1, ameliorated inflammation including the level of TNF‐α and IL‐1β, and promoting autophagy level. Moreover, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and H9c2 cells with knockdown the expression of AMPK, SIRT1 or FOXO1 were used to uncover the underlying molecular mechanism for the cardio‐protection of RSV. In NRVMs, RSV increased cellular viability, decreased LDH release and reduced oxidative stress. Importantly, Compound C(CpC) and EX527 reversed the effect of RSV against MI/RI in vivo and in vitro and counteracted the autophagy level induced by RSV. Together, our study indicated that RSV could alleviate oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes through activating AMPK/SIRT1‐FOXO1 signallingpathway and enhanced autophagy level, thus presenting high potential protection on MI/RI.