bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Article—Pediatrician Scheduling at British Columbia Women’s Hospital
Authors: Shechter Steven 
Published: March 2022

This article describes an in-class role-playing exercise, as well as a case study, on the application of mixed integer programming to help a hospital with physician scheduling. The intended audiences are graduate students or advanced undergraduate students taking a first course in optimization who have been introduced to integer programming. The role-playing exercise aims to develop students’ skills in the iterative process of listening to decision makers describe their problem, asking them questions, and developing initial formulations of the problem. The case study provides students the opportunity to spend more time developing a full mathematical formulation, solving it, and writing up their findings. The case assumes students have already been introduced to the “Big-M” method but assumes no prior introduction to the concepts of hard versus soft constraints. There is no natural objective in this problem, such as the usual “maximize profit” or “minimize cost”; instead, students are introduced to the topic of Goal Programming, which also introduces them to the concept of multiobjective optimization. Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0266ca . The Teaching Note is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/ Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Contracting, Pricing, and Data Collection Under the AI Flywheel Effect
Authors: Gurkan Huseyin , de Véricourt Francis 
Published: March 2022

This paper explores how firms that lack expertise in machine learning (ML) can leverage the so-called AI Flywheel effect. This effect designates a virtuous cycle by which as an ML product is adopted and new user data are fed back to the algorithm, the product improves, enabling further adoptions. However, managing this feedback loop is difficult, especially when the algorithm is contracted out. Indeed, the additional data that the AI Flywheel effect generates may change the provider’s incentives to improve the algorithm over time. We formalize this problem in a simple two-period moral hazard framework that captures the main dynamics among ML, data acquisition, pricing, and contracting. We find that the firm’s decisions crucially depend on how the amount of data on which the machine is trained interacts with the provider’s effort. If this effort has a more (less) significant impact on accuracy for larger volumes of data, the firm underprices (overprices) the product. Interestingly, these distortions sometimes improve social welfare, which accounts for the customer surplus and profits of both the firm and provider. Further, the interaction between incentive issues and the positive externalities of the AI Flywheel effect has important implications for the firm’s data collection strategy. In particular, the firm can boost its profit by increasing the product’s capacity to acquire usage data only up to a certain level. If the product collects too much data per user, the firm’s profit may actually decrease (i.e., more data are not necessarily better). This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management. Supplemental Material: The data files and e-companion are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4333 .
GEO UERJ: 25 ANOS
Authors: Marafon Glaucio Jose , Avila Nathalia Da Silva , Barboza Ana Beatriz Costa 
Published: March 2022

Introdução: A Geo UERJ foi criada, no formato impresso, no ano de 1997, com a finalidade de proporcionar melhor qualificação para o curso de Geografia da UERJ. Entre os anos de 2005 e 2006 a revista esteve interrompida, foi transformada em revista eletrônica a partir de 2007, desta forma possibilitou um acesso mais amplo à comunidade acadêmica dos artigos encaminhados para publicação. Objetivos: Disponibilizar cronologicamente a evolução, os impactos e o alcance da revista junto aos seus leitores, autores e demais colaboradores. Resultados: Observa-se que ao longo dos anos a revista ampliou a sua indexação em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, manteve classificação como B1 no Qualis/CAPES da área de Geografia, ampliou o número de colaborações com autores/avaliadores estrangeiros, houve maior engajamento com a comunidade científica sendo refletida no número de dossiês temáticos publicados oriundos de eventos e parceria com grupos de pesquisa, evoluiu significativamente a quantidade de artigos publicados, operacionalizou o seu fluxo editorial por meio do software Open Journal System (OJS), criado pelo Public Knowledge Project (PKP), em adequação às tendências editoriais passou a divulgar seus textos nas redes sociais (Facebook e Twitter) como consequência deste trabalho houve um aumento no número de leitores e de acessos aos textos publicados. Conclusão: Ao longo desses 25 anos procurou-se qualificar a revista, adequando aos parâmetros internacionais de publicações, desta forma o periódico foi e permanece sendo meio de divulgação e registro do conhecimento científico, da geografia e áreas afins.
Evidence-based quality leadership in orthopaedics
Authors: Silva Geeth , Ashford Robert U , Wildin Clare J , Achan Pramod 
Published: March 2022

There is a paucity of literature analysing the importance of leadership within trauma and orthopaedics. However, such skills are essential to make an orthopaedic surgeon proficient in their various roles. This literature review on leadership within orthopaedics enables an understanding of current issues. A narrative literature review was conducted using Pubmed, Medline and The National Centre for Biotechnology databases. The search string used to conduct the narrative literature review was (orthopaedic) and (leadership[Title]). The articles were screened by title, abstract and full text. A reference search was subsequently conducted on these papers using the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. The papers then underwent a thematic analysis to understand the issues surrounding leadership in orthopaedics. The critical themes recognised were quality improvement, training, women in leadership, inequality and traits of a leader. Through reviewing the themes in this article, a framework was developed to identify the current issues and potential avenues of advancing orthopaedic leadership. This narrative literature review has demonstrated a paucity of research in orthopaedic leadership. Further work would create a robust evidence base, outline ideal orthopaedic leadership and standardise training to create better orthopaedic leaders.
High ten-year implant survivorship and low patellofemoral complication rate for S-ROM rotating-hinge implants in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Matar Hosam E. , Bloch Benjamin V. , James Peter J. 
Published: March 2022

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate medium-term outcomes and complications of the S-ROM NOILES Rotating Hinge Knee System (DePuy, USA) in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) at a tertiary unit. Methods A retrospective consecutive study of all patients who underwent a rTKA using this implant from January 2005 to December 2018. Outcome measures included reoperations, revision for any cause, complications, and survivorship. Patients and implant survivorship data were identified through both local hospital electronic databases and linked data from the National Joint Registry/NHS Personal Demographic Service. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used at ten years. Results A total of 89 consecutive patients (89 knees) were included with 47 females (52.8%) and a median age of 74 years (interquartile range 66 to 79). The main indications were aseptic loosening with instability (39.4%; n = 35) and infection (37.1%; n = 33) with the majority of patients managed through two-stage approach. The mean follow-up was 7.4 years (2 to 16). The overall rate of reoperation, for any cause, was 10.1% (n = 9) with a rate of implant revision of 6.7% (n = 6). Only two cases required surgery for patellofemoral complications. Kaplan-Meier implant-survivorship analysis was 93.3% at ten years, using revision for any cause as an endpoint. Conclusion This implant achieved high ten-year survivorship with a low complication rate, particularly patellofemoral complications. These can be avoided by ensuring central patella tracking and appropriate tension of the patellofemoral joint in this posterior hinge design. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):205–210.
Validation and modification of the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee classification in the Asian population
Authors: Hsu Cheng-En , Chen Chao-Ping , Wang Shun-Ping , Huang Jen-Ting , Tong Kwok-Man , Huang Kui-Chou 
Published: March 2022

Aims The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification is a simple and comprehensive system for predicting pre-arthritic knee alignment. However, when the CPAK classification is applied in the Asian population, which is characterized by more varus and wider distribution in lower limb alignment, modifications in the boundaries of arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) and joint line obliquity (JLO) should be considered. The purposes of this study were as follows: first, to propose a modified CPAK classification based on the actual joint line obliquity (aJLO) and wider range of aHKA in the Asian population; second, to test this classification in a cohort of Asians with healthy knees; third, to propose individualized alignment targets for different CPAK types in kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods The CPAK classification was modified by changing the neutral boundaries of aHKA to 0° ± 3° and using aJLO as a new variable. Radiological analysis of 214 healthy knees in 214 Asian individuals was used to assess the distribution and mean value of alignment angles of each phenotype among different classifications based on the coronal plane. Individualized alignment targets were set according to the mean lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) of different knee types. Results A very high concentration, 191 from 214 individuals (89.3%), were found in knee types with apex distal JLO when the CPAK classification was applied in the Asian population. By using aJLO as a new variable, the high distribution percentage in knee types with apex distal JLO decreased to 125 from 214 individuals (58.4%). The most common types in order were Type II (n = 70; 32.7%), Type V (n = 55; 25.7%), and Type I (n = 46; 21.5%) in the modified CPAK classification. Conclusion The modified CPAK classification corrected the uneven distribution when applying the CPAK classification in the Asian population. Setting individualized TKA alignment targets according to CPAK type may be a practical method to recreate optimal LDFA and MPTA in KA-TKA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(3):211–217.
Sarcopenia for outcomes in patients undergoing spinal surgery: A protocol for a systematic review and pooled analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wan Teng , Xiao Zhihong , Wang Xitao , Tan Haifeng , Guo Weiming , Tang Guojun , Chen Liangyuan , Mei Zubing , Cao Qi 
Published: March 2022

Background
Sarcopenia is a progressive age-related skeletal muscle disorder characterized by decreased muscle mass and loss of muscle function. Recent studies have shown that sarcopenia is able to predict a variety of clinical outcomes after spinal surgery. Controversy still exists among previous reports in terms of the definition and measurement of sarcopenia, these findings are heterogeneous so far. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to assess the up-to-date evidence of sarcopenia for postoperative outcomes among people undergoing spinal surgery.

Methods and analysis
This protocol was carried out based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. It has been pre-registered in PROSPERO with the registration number of CRD42021260459. Three databases (including Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) will be searched from inception through May 10, 2021 to determine related cohort studies examining sarcopenia on multidimensional outcomes in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Major outcomes will be involved including mortality, morbidity, length of stay, postoperative complications or adverse events. DerSimonian & Laird random-effects meta-analysis will be used to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) for binary data and pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous data. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Narrative synthesis will be carried out if a pooled analysis is not possible.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required for this study as the data involved are from the published literatures. We intend to disseminate or share the results of the study in a peer-reviewed journal or at relevant conferences.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021260459.
Characteristics, experiences and actions taken by women to address delayed conception: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Adhikary Priyanka , Roy Nivedita , Mburu Gitau , Kabra Rita , Habib Ndema Abu , Kiarie James , Dhabhai Neeta , Chowdhury Ranadip , Mazumder Sarmila 
Published: March 2022

Background
The impact of infertility on mental, emotional, physical and sexual health is grave, particularly in a pronatalist society. Literature is replete with evidence of wide ranging psychosocial consequences of infertility in women, indicating the need for identifying the gaps and designing appropriate context specific interventions to improve access and utilization of services. Data that are accessible, primarily from infertility clinics and women visiting hospitals for infertility treatment; information from community settings is rare. This is a protocol paper for a study to understand women’s experiences and actions taken by them to cope with delayed conception.

Methods
Mixed-methods cross-sectional design is used to obtain deep insights into the experiences of delayed conception, coping mechanisms, medical assistance and other help sought. Information is also being obtained on socio-demographic profile, fertility intentions, fertility quality of life, general medical history, obstetric, gynecological and sexual history, substance use and mental health status. A sample of 1530 women will be administered 4 modules of a quantitative survey. Focus group discussions, about four or till saturation point, will be conducted using purposive sampling. The study is recruiting from a population of women who previously participated in the ‘Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study (WINGS) and failed to conceive during 18 months follow up period. Data collected through questionnaire will be assembled, cleaned, analyzed and reported. The findings will be disseminated through reports with the ethics review committee, government entities, academic and research publications.

Discussion
This study will provide insights on the experiences and coping strategies of women with delayed conception in the study community. Results will assist in designing appropriate interventions to meet the holistic health and psychosocial needs of women with delayed conception and promote sexual and reproductive health within the broader framework of Sustainable Development Goals and Universal health coverage.

Trial registration
Trial registration number: CTRI/2020/03/023955.
Anatomic development of the upper airway during the first five years of life: A three-dimensional imaging study
Authors: Chuang Ying Ji , Hwang Seong Jae , Buhr Kevin A. , Miller Courtney A. , Avey Gregory D. , Story Brad H. , Vorperian Houri K. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeNormative data on the growth and development of the upper airway across the sexes is needed for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired respiratory anomalies and to gain insight on developmental changes in speech acoustics and disorders with craniofacial anomalies.MethodsThe growth of the upper airway in children ages birth to 5 years, as compared to adults, was quantified using an imaging database with computed tomography studies from typically developing individuals. Methodological criteria for scan inclusion and airway measurements included: head position, histogram-based airway segmentation, anatomic landmark placement, and development of a semi-automatic centerline for data extraction. A comprehensive set of 2D and 3D supra- and sub-glottal measurements from the choanae to tracheal opening were obtained including: naso-oro-laryngo-pharynx subregion volume and length, each subregion’s superior and inferior cross-sectional-area, and antero-posterior and transverse/width distances.ResultsGrowth of the upper airway during the first 5 years of life was more pronounced in the vertical and transverse/lateral dimensions than in the antero-posterior dimension. By age 5 years, females have larger pharyngeal measurement than males. Prepubertal sex-differences were identified in the subglottal region.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the importance of studying the growth of the upper airway in 3D. As the lumen length increases, its shape changes, becoming increasingly elliptical during the first 5 years of life. This study also emphasizes the importance of methodological considerations for both image acquisition and data extraction, as well as the use of consistent anatomic structures in defining pharyngeal regions.
The feasibility of soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) ratio biomarker in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes among medium to high risk mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Aminuddin Nurul Afzan , Sutan Rosnah , Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah , Rahman Rahana Abd , Nasuruddin Dian Nasriana 
Published: March 2022

Background
Preeclampsia significantly contributes to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is imperative to identify women at risk of developing preeclampsia in the effort to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes through early intervention. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) level changes are noticeable several weeks before the onset of preeclampsia and its related complications. This study evaluated the feasibility of the sFlt-1/PlGF biomarker ratio in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes using a single cut-off point of >38.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary centre, in an urban setting in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between December 2019 and April 2021. A total of 140 medium to high risk mothers with singleton pregnancies were recruited at ≥20 weeks’ gestation. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was measured and the participant monitored according to a research algorithm until delivery. The primary outcome measure was incidence of preeclampsia and the secondary outcome measure was incidence of other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Results
The overall incidence of preeclampsia was 20.7% (29/140). The mean sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was significantly higher in preeclampsia (73.58 ± 93.49) compared to no preeclampsia (13.41 ± 21.63) (p = 0.002). The risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR 28.996; 95% CI 7.920–106.164; p<0.001) and low Apgar score (adjusted OR 17.387; 95% CI 3.069–98.517; p = 0.028) were significantly higher among women with sFlt-1/PlGF ratio >38 compared with sFLT-1/PlGF ratio ≤38. The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) for a combined approach (maternal clinical characteristics and biomarker) was 86.9% (p<0.001, 95% CI 78.7–95.0) compared with AUC biomarker alone, which was 74.8% (p<0.001, 95% CI 63.3–86.3) in predicting preeclampsia. The test sensitivity(SEN) was 58.6%, specificity (SPEC) 91%,positive predictive value (PPV) 63% and negative predictive value (NPV) 89.3% for prediction of preeclampsia. For predicting a low Apgar score at 5 minutes, the SEN was 84.6%, SPEC 87.4%, PPV 40.7%, and NPV 98.2%; low birth weight with SEN 52.6%,SPEC 86.0%, PPV 37.0%, NPV 92.0%; premature delivery with SEN 48.5%, SPEC 89.5%, PPV 59.3%, NPV 84.7% and NICU admission with SEN 50.0%, SPEC 85.8%, PPV 37.0% and NPV 91.2%.

Conclusions
It is feasible to use single cut-off point of >38 ratio of the biomarkers sFlt-1/PlGF in combination with other parameters (maternal clinical characteristics) in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes among medium to high risk mothers without restricting outcome measurement period to 1 and 4 weeks in a single urban tertiary centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults: Content description and measurement properties. A systematic review
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno , Encantado Jorge , Carraça Eliana , Sousa-Sá Eduarda , Lopes Luís , Cliff Dylan , Mendes Romeu , Silva Marlene Nunes , Godinho Cristina , Santos Rute 
Published: March 2022

Background
Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity are constituent parts of a 24h period and there are several questionnaires to measure these movement behaviours, the objective was to systematically review the literature on content and measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported questionnaires measuring movement behaviours in adults and older adults.

Methods
The databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched until April 2021. Articles were included if: the questionnaires were design for adults and older adults; the sample size for validity studies had at least 50 participants; at least, both validity and test-retest reliability results of questionnaire that were developed specifically to measure the amount of sleep, sedentary behaviour or physical activity, or their combination were reported; and articles had to be written in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, German, Italian or Chinese.

Findings and conclusions
Data extraction, results, studies’ quality, and risk of bias were evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines. Fifty-five articles were included in this review, describing 60 questionnaires. None of the questionnaires showed adequate criterion validity and adequate reliability, simultaneously; 68.3% showed adequate content validity. The risk of bias for criterion validity and reliability were very low in 72.2% and 23.6% of the studies, respectively. Existing questionnaires have insufficient measurement properties and frequent methodologic limitations, and none was developed considering the 24h movement behaviour paradigm. The lack of valid and reliable questionnaires assessing 24h movement behaviours in an integrated way, precludes accurate monitoring and surveillance systems of 24h movement behaviours.