bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences and agreement between two portable hand-held spirometers across diverse community-based populations in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
Authors: Duong MyLinh , Rangarajan Sumathy , Zaman Michele , Nasir Nafiza Mat , Seron Pamela , Yeates Karen , Yusufali Afzalhussein M. , Khatib Rasha , Tse Lap Ah , Wang Chuangshi , Wielgosz Andreas , Teo Koon , Kumar Rajesh , Avezum Alvaro , Ismail Rosnah , çalık Burcu Tumerdem , Gopakumar Soumya , Rahman Omar , Zatońska Katarzyna , Rosengren Annika , Otero Johanna , Kelishadi Roya , Diaz Rafael , Puoane Thandi , Yusuf Salim 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Portable spirometers are commonly used in longitudinal epidemiological studies to measure and track the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). During the course of the study, it may be necessary to replace spirometers with a different model. This raise questions regarding the comparability of measurements from different devices. We examined the correlation, mean differences and agreement between two different spirometers, across diverse populations and different participant characteristics.

Methods
From June 2015 to Jan 2018, a total of 4,603 adults were enrolled from 628 communities in 18 countries and 7 regions of the world. Each participant performed concurrent measurements from the MicroGP and EasyOne spirometer. Measurements were compared by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method.

Results
Approximately 65% of the participants achieved clinically acceptable quality measurements. Overall correlations between paired FEV1 (ICC 0.88 [95% CI 0.87, 0.88]) and FVC (ICC 0.84 [0.83, 0.85]) were high. Mean differences between paired FEV1 (-0.038 L [-0.053, -0.023]) and FVC (0.033 L [0.012, 0.054]) were small. The 95% limits of agreement were wide but unbiased (FEV1 984, -1060; FVC 1460, -1394). Similar findings were observed across regions. The source of variation between spirometers was mainly at the participant level. Older age, higher body mass index, tobacco smoking and known COPD/asthma did not adversely impact on the inter-device variability. Furthermore, there were small and acceptable mean differences between paired FEV1 and FVC z-scores using the Global Lung Initiative normative values, suggesting minimal impact on lung function interpretation.

Conclusions
In this multicenter, diverse community-based cohort study, measurements from two portable spirometers provided good correlation, small and unbiased differences between measurements. These data support their interchangeable use across diverse populations to provide accurate trends in serial lung function measurements in epidemiological studies.
Compounding inequalities: Adolescent psychosocial wellbeing and resilience among refugee and host communities in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jones Nicola , Baird Sarah , Abu Hamad Bassam , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Oakley Erin , Shah Manisha , Sajdi Jude , Yount Kathryn M. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated risk-mitigation strategies have altered the social contexts in which adolescents in low- and middle-income countries live. Little is known, however, about the impacts of the pandemic on displaced populations, and how those impacts differ by gender and life stage. We investigate the extent to which the pandemic has compounded pre-existing social inequalities among adolescents in Jordan, and the role support structures play in promoting resilience.

Methods
Our analysis leverages longitudinal quantitative survey data and in-depth qualitative interviews, collected before and after the onset of COVID-19, with over 3,000 Syrian refugees, stateless Palestinians and vulnerable Jordanians, living in camps, host communities and informal tented settlements. We utilize mixed-methods analysis combining multivariate regression with deductive qualitative tools to evaluate pandemic impacts and associated policy responses on adolescent wellbeing and mental health, at three and nine months after the pandemic onset. We also explore the role of support systems at individual, household, community, and policy levels.

Findings
We find the pandemic has resulted in severe economic and service disruptions with far-reaching and heterogenous effects on adolescent wellbeing. Nine months into the pandemic, 19.3% of adolescents in the sample presented with symptoms of moderate-to severe depression, with small signs of improvement (3.2 percentage points [pp], p<0.001). Two thirds of adolescents reported household stress had increased during the pandemic, especially for Syrian adolescents in host communities (10.7pp higher than any other group, p<0.001). Social connectedness was particularly low for girls, who were 13.4 percentage points (p<0.001) more likely than boys to have had no interaction with friends in the past 7 days. Adolescent programming shows signs of being protective, particularly for girls, who were 8.8 percentage points (p<0.01) more likely to have a trusted friend than their peers who were not participating in programming.

Conclusions
Pre-existing social inequalities among refugee adolescents affected by forced displacement have been compounded during the COVID-19 pandemic, with related disruptions to services and social networks. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal targets to support healthy and empowered development in adolescence and early adulthood requires interventions that target the urgent needs of the most vulnerable adolescents while addressing population-level root causes and determinants of psychosocial wellbeing and resilience for all adolescent girls and boys.
Examining the role of COVID-19 testing availability on intention to isolate: A Randomized hypothetical scenario
Authors: Zhang Justin C. , Christensen Katherine L. , Leuchter Richard K. , Vangala Sitaram , Han Maria , Croymans Daniel M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Little information exists on how COVID-19 testing influences intentions to engage in risky behavior. Understanding the behavioral effects of diagnostic testing may highlight the role of adequate testing on controlling viral transmission. In order to evaluate these effects, simulated scenarios were conducted evaluating participant intentions to self-isolate based on COVID-19 diagnostic testing availability and results.

Methods
Participants from the United States were recruited through an online survey platform (Amazon Mechanical Turk) and randomized to one of three hypothetical scenarios. Each scenario asked participants to imagine having symptoms consistent with COVID-19 along with a clinical diagnosis from their physician. However, scenarios differed in either testing availability (testing available v. unavailable) or testing result (positive v. negative test). The primary outcome was intention to engage in high-risk COVID-19 behaviors, measured using an 11-item mean score (range 1–7) that was pre-registered prior to data collection. Multi-variable linear regression was used to compare the mean composite scores between conditions. The randomized survey was conducted between July 23rd to July 29th, 2020.

Results
A total of 1400 participants were recruited through a national, online, opt-in survey. Out of 1194 respondents (41.6% male, 58.4% female) with a median age of 38.5 years, participants who had no testing available in their clinical scenario showed significantly greater intentions to engage in behavior facilitating COVID-19 transmission compared to those who received a positive confirmatory test result scenario (mean absolute difference (SE): 0.14 (0.06), P = 0.016), equating to an 11.1% increase in mean score risky behavior intentions. Intention to engage in behaviors that can spread COVID-19 were also positively associated with male gender, poor health status, and Republican party affiliation.

Conclusion
Testing availability appears to play an independent role in influencing behaviors facilitating COVID-19 transmission. Such findings shed light on the possible negative externalities of testing unavailability.

Trial registration
Effect of Availability of COVID-19 Testing on Choice to Isolate and Socially Distance, NCT04459520, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04459520.
Less intensive antileukemic therapies (monotherapy and/or combination) for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia who are not candidates for intensive antileukemic therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Colunga-Lozano Luis Enrique , Kenji Nampo Fernando , Agarwal Arnav , Desai Pinkal , Litzow Mark , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Guyatt Gordon H. , Brignardello-Petersen Romina 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia not eligible for intensive antileukemic therapy are treated with less intensive therapies, uncertainty remains regarding their relative merits.

Objectives
To compare the effectiveness and safety of less intensive antileukemic therapies for older adults with newly diagnosed AML not candidates for intensive therapies.

Methods
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) comparing less intensive therapies in adults over 55 years with newly diagnosed AML. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to August 2021. We assessed risk of bias of RCTs with a modified Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and NRS with the Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I). We calculated pooled hazard ratios (HRs), risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects pairwise meta-analyses and assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
We included 27 studies (17 RCTs, 10 NRS; n = 5,698), which reported 9 comparisons. Patients were treated with azacitidine, decitabine, and low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), as monotherapies or in combination with other agents. Moderate certainty of evidence suggests no convincing difference in overall survival of patients who receive azacitidine monotherapy compared to LDAC monotherapy (HR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.31–1.53), fewer febrile neutropenia events occurred between azacitidine monotherapy to azacitidine combination (RR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.31–0.65), and, fewer neutropenia events occurred between LDAC monotherapy to decitabine monotherapy (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44–0.86). All other comparisons and outcomes had low or very low certainty of evidence.

Conclusion
There is no convincing superiority in OS when comparing less intensive therapies. Azacitidine monotherapy is likely to have fewer adverse events than azacitidine combination (febrile neutropenia), and LDAC monotherapy is likely to have fewer adverse events than decitabine monotherapy (neutropenia).
Iranian nursing students experiences regarding the status of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Salmani Naiire , Bagheri Imane , Dadgari Atena 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities immediately responded to protect students’ lives by implementing e-learning in order to stop the spread of the communicable disease within the academic population. This study aimed to describe iranian nursing students’ experiences of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods
The current study used a qualitative descriptive study. Ten nursing undergraduate students from a single Iranian university identified using purposive sampling methods. Face-to-face semi-structured interview conducted from May to July 2021 and analyzed through thematic analysis. Lincoln and Goba criteria were used to obtain data validity and reliability.

Results
Four themes emerged including"novelty of e-learning","advantages of e-learning", "disadvantages of e-learning"and"passage of time and the desire to return to face education". Participants evaluated e-learning as a novel method without proper infrastructure, it was initially confusing but became the new normal as their knowledge of the way to use it improved. Advantages included self-centered flexible learning and reduction in their concerns experienced with face-to-face learning. Disadvantages including changing the way they interact with teachers, decreasing interactions with classmates, problems with education files, superficial learning, hardware problems, family members’ perceptions of the student role, interference of home affairs with e-learning, cheating on exams and assignments and being far away from the clinical context.

Conclusion
The findings revealed that e-learning has been introduced as a new method for the current research participants and despite the perceived benefits, these students believed that e-learning could supplement face education but not replace it.
Apresentação - Dossiê - Psicologia Histórico-Cultural na Educação Básica: práticas e pesquisas
Authors: Asbahr Flávia da Silva Ferreira , Pessoa Camila Turati 
Published: February 2022

As interfaces entre Psicologia e Educação constituem-se como campo de pesquisa e prática profissional na construção de intervenções que incidem junto aos processos de desenvolvimento, aprendizagem e apropriação do conhecimento que ocorrem na educação escolar. Historicamente sabemos que um dos primeiros campos no qual a Psicologia explorou em seu processo de tornar-se ciência, ainda no final do século XIX, foi a Educação, com investigações que buscavam justificar as denominadas dificuldades de aprendizagem atribuindo-as à criança, sua família, ou no máximo ao ambiente pertencente aos alunos, tomando tais fatores como explicação às causas para esses problemas, conforme já foi fortemente denunciado por Patto (1984, 1999). Desde o final dos anos 80 e, mais especificamente a partir dos anos 90, vemos no Brasil o esforço para construir uma Psicologia com olhar e atuação em uma perspectiva crítica na educação escolar, como em Souza (2021), Souza, Silva e Yamamoto (2014), Facci (2004, 2007), Tanamachi e Meira (2003), Machado e Souza (2000), entre muitos outros exemplos.
O Federal Reserve (FED) no palco central: navegando por águas proibidas
Authors: Duménil Gérard , Lévy Dominique 
Published: February 2022

A principal ameaça iminente da pandemia à economia dos EUA é o aumento do endividamento das empresas e do governo. O Federal Reserve agiu de forma espetacular no apoio ao crédito, e este é apenas o começo de uma longa história. O apoio dos mecanismos de crédito pelo Federal Reserve já estava em andamento antes da crise da COVID-19. Novos graus foram alcançados e novos caminhos estão sendo abertos atualmente, como empréstimos diretos às empresas pelo FED. Os limites são, no entanto, cumpridos por razões políticas e ideológicas: Conforme mencionado anteriormente, não havia uma política voltada à preservação da receita de vendas das empresas. A continuação da nova trajetória de taxas de juros muito baixas e o financiamento direto do Federal Reserve enfrentará fortes resistências por parte de interesses financeiros. Isso transformaria os bancos como credores em meros intermediários na concessão de empréstimos (cobrança de taxas aos mutuários), como já é o caso da intermediação financeira não-bancária.
Cuidado farmacêutico por meio da auriculoterapia em profissionais atuantes na atenção básica durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Dadico Juliana Sallum , Almeida Vanderlei 
Published: February 2022

Auriculoterapia é a utilização de pontos nas orelhas para tratamento de diversos sinais e sintomas comuns em diferentes patologias e atua no âmbito físico, mental e emocional do paciente. É útil para diagnosticar e tratar disfunções de origem orgânica, nervosa ou somática pautadas em diferentes racionalidades em saúde. Em virtude dos desgastes dos profissionais de saúde atuantes na atenção primária foi sugerido a oferta de sessões desse tratamento com a colocação de pontos auriculares e sangria para restaurar o equilíbrio energético e aliviar sintomas exacerbados decorrentes da pandemia. Em um período de dois meses, foram atendidos 45 profissionais. Foi realizado um instrumento de avaliação pelo cuidador farmacêutico da atenção primária à saúde e os principais sintomas abordados foram ansiedade, tensão muscular, estresse, dor de cabeça, insônia, baixa da imunidade, impaciência (raiva e agressividade), desconforto respiratório e alergia. Por meio da análise individual, foi proposto um esquema terapêutico para início imediato. A duração foi de oito sessões, uma vez por semana, para cada indivíduo. Com o decorrer das semanas, os sintomas relatados foram amenizados e, na totalidade dos casos, êxito completo do tratamento até o término proposto. Nota-se que com o tratamento individualizado consegue-se obter melhor resultado. A técnica da auriculoterapia no cuidado farmacêutico dos profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar teve grande sucesso ao trazer a melhoria da qualidade de vida, menor utilização de medicamentos, menor índice de afastamentos na atenção primária em época de pandemia (Covid-19).
Still the Lands of Equality? Heterogeneity of Income Composition in the Nordics, 1975–2016
Authors: Iacono Roberto , Palagi Elisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
According to standard measures of income inequality, the Nordic countries rank among the most equal economies in the world. This paper studies whether and how this picture changes when the focus is on inequality of income composition, meaning the heterogeneity in individuals’ factor income shares. We show that, for all countries, a shift in capital incomes toward the top since the early 1990s causes rising heterogeneity in individuals’ factor income shares. To explain this result, we highlight the role of dual taxation systems. For Denmark in 2009–2013, Finland (1990–2007), and Norway (1991–2005), rising capital shares contributed to changes in personal income inequality, while for Sweden our results lead to disregard the capital share as a determinant of increasing income inequality.
Comparison of four indirect (data mining) approaches to derive within-subject biological variation
Authors: Tan Rui Zhen , Markus Corey , Vasikaran Samuel , Loh Tze Ping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Within-subject biological variation (CV

i
) is a fundamental aspect of laboratory medicine, from interpretation of serial results, partitioning of reference intervals and setting analytical performance specifications. Four indirect (data mining) approaches in determination of CV

i
were directly compared.

Methods
Paired serial laboratory results for 5,000 patients was simulated using four parameters, d the percentage difference in the means between the pathological and non-pathological populations, CV

i
the within-subject coefficient of variation for non-pathological values, f the fraction of pathological values, and e the relative increase in CV

i
of the pathological distribution. These parameters resulted in a total of 128 permutations. Performance of the Expected Mean Squares method (EMS), the median method, a result ratio method with Tukey’s outlier exclusion method and a modified result ratio method with Tukey’s outlier exclusion were compared.

Results
Within the 128 permutations examined in this study, the EMS method performed the best with 101/128 permutations falling within ±0.20 fractional error of the ‘true’ simulated CV

i
, followed by the result ratio method with Tukey’s exclusion method for 78/128 permutations. The median method grossly under-estimated the CV

i
. The modified result ratio with Tukey’s rule performed best overall with 114/128 permutations within allowable error.

Conclusions
This simulation study demonstrates that with careful selection of the statistical approach the influence of outliers from pathological populations can be minimised, and it is possible to recover CV

i
values close to the ‘true’ underlying non-pathological population. This finding provides further evidence for use of routine laboratory databases in derivation of biological variation components.
Thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibodies: assay-dependent management consequences in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: van Kinschot Caroline M.J. , Peeters Robin P. , van den Berg Sjoerd A.A. , Verburg Frederik A. , van Noord Charlotte , van Ginhoven Tessa M. , Visser W. Edward 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
International guidelines recommend fixed cut-off values for thyroglobulin (Tg). These cut-offs do not take potential assay differences into account. This study aimed to evaluate if different assays for Tg and Tg antibodies (TgAb) affect management guidance for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients.

Methods
In 793 samples derived from 413 patients with DTC, Tg and TgAb were simultaneously measured with two immunometric assays: Immulite 2000XPi and Kryptor compact plus. In addition, a qualitative measurement for TgAb interference (recovery test) was performed on the Kryptor compact plus platform. The extent to which different assays lead to different classifications of response to therapy was evaluated when applying the current cut-offs for Tg.

Results
Mean Tg concentrations were 37.4% lower with Kryptor as compared with Immulite. Applying guideline based cut-off values for Tg, 33 (4.7%) samples had a Tg-on concentration ≥1.0 μg/L with Immulite and <1.0 μg/L with Kryptor. Of the samples tested as TgAb+ with at least one assay (n=125), 68 (54.4%) samples showed discrepancy in TgAb status. Differences between Immulite and Kryptor measurements resulted in a change in the response to therapy classification in 94 (12.0%) measurements derived from 67 (16.2%) individual patients.

Conclusions
A substantial portion of DTC patients were classified differently dependent on which Tg and TgAb assays are used, when applying the cut-off values as defined in clinical guidelines. Such differences can significantly affect clinical management. In the context of large between-method variation, the recommended Tg cut-offs in guidelines should be used with wisdom rather than as fixed cut-offs.
Synthesis and properties of polyurethane acrylate oligomer based on polycaprolactone diol
Authors: Xiong Tao , Zhang Yi-Fu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) was prepared by ring-opening polymerization method, with hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether as the reactive initiator and ε-caprolactone as the monomer. The polyurethane acrylate (PUA) was prepared with the self-made PCL diol. Then, PUA was used to prepare the ultraviolet curable coatings. The structure and molecular weight of PCL diol was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, and hydroxyl value titration. The performance of the cured coating film was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. The flexibility and hardness of the cured coating film were tested. The results showed that the narrow molecular weight PCL diol was successfully synthesized. The UV curing coating film had the optimal performance with a hardness of 3H, flexibility of 1.5 mm, abrasion resistance of 0.028 g−1, and adhesion of grade 1, all coating films showed good thermal properties.