bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental COVID‐19 messaging study in a representative sample of the Scottish population: Increasing physical distancing intentions through self‐efficacy
Authors: den Daas Chantal , Johnston Marie , Hubbard Gill , Dixon Diane 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesSelf‐efficacy is important for adherence to transmission‐reducing behaviours (e.g., physical distancing) as also shown in the CHARIS project. We aimed to show that a theory‐based short message can increase physical distancing self‐efficacy and intentions to keep physical distance.DesignStructured telephone surveys with a randomly selected nationally representative sample of adults in Scotland (N = 497).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: message condition (short message to increase self‐efficacy via vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion and emotional arousal) or control condition (no message). Followed by measures for self‐efficacy and intention for physical distancing on 4‐point scales. Adherence to physical distancing was assessed on a 5‐point frequency scale (never – always).ResultsUsing mediation analyses with bootstrapping procedures, we first confirmed that self‐efficacy was associated indirectly with adherence, via higher intentions in a partial mediation (unstandardized indirect effect .21, 95% CI .18–.25). The message increased self‐efficacy; participants receiving the message reported higher self‐efficacy (M = 4.23, SD = .80) compared to participants in the control condition (M = 4.08, SD = .77; standardized regression coefficient = .19, p < .05) and self‐efficacy affected intention (.48, p < .001). There was a small significant indirect effect of the message on intention via self‐efficacy (unstandardized indirect effect .07, CI .01–.14).ConclusionsIncreasing self‐efficacy for physical distancing with a short message can successfully increase intention to physical distance via increased self‐efficacy. As both self‐efficacy and intentions are important predictors of adherence to transmission‐reducing behaviours short messages have potential to limit the spread of COVID‐19.
Evaluating the clinical and mechanistic effects of eplerenone and amiloride monotherapy, and combination therapy with cinacalcet, in primary hyperparathyroidism: A placebo‐controlled randomized trial
Authors: Parksook Wasita W. , Heydarpour Mahyar , Brown Jenifer M. , Turchin Alexander , Mannstadt Michael , Vaidya Anand 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesHuman physiology and epidemiology studies have demonstrated complex interactions between the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, parathyroid hormone and calcium homeostasis. Several of these studies have suggested that aldosterone inhibition may lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 4 weeks of maximally tolerated mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy with eplerenone on PTH levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (P‐HPT) when compared to amiloride and placebo. We also investigated the synergistic effect of these interventions when combined with cinacalcet for an additional 2 weeks.DesignRandomized, double‐blinded, three parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled trial.PatientsPatients with P‐HPT.ResultsMost patients were women (83%) and White (76%). Maximally tolerated doses of eplerenone and amiloride induced significant reductions in blood pressure and increases in renin and aldosterone production; however, despite these physiologic changes, neither intervention induced significant changes in PTH or calcium levels when compared to the placebo. Both eplerenone and amiloride therapy induced significant reductions in procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide levels when compared to placebo. When cinacalcet therapy was added, PTH and calcium levels were markedly reduced in all groups; however, there was no significant difference in PTH or serum calcium reductions between groups.ConclusionsAlthough maximally tolerated therapy with eplerenone and amiloride induced expected changes in renin, aldosterone and blood pressure, there were no meaningful changes in PTH or serum calcium levels in P‐HPT patients. These results suggest that inhibition of aldosterone action does not have a clinically meaningful role in medical therapy for P‐HPT.
Wound healing in endoscopic sinus surgery: Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the role of Chitogel with adjuvants
Authors: Vediappan Rajan Sundaresan , Bennett Catherine , Cooksley Clare , Bassiouni Ahmed , Scott John R. , Al Suliman Yazeed A. , Lumyongsatien Jate , Moratti Stephen , Psaltis Alkis J. , Vreugde Sarah , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of Chitogel, with and without Deferiprone (Def) and Gallium Protoporphyrin (GaPP), as a promoter of wound healing to improve surgical outcomes after endoscopic sinus susgery.DesignA double‐blinded, randomised control human clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing ESS as a treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. Participants underwent functional ESS or FESS with drill out as required and were randomised to receive test product Chitogel, Chitogel in combination with Def or Def‐GaPP versus no packing (control).SettingOstial stenosis and persistent inflammation are the main reasons for revision endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Post‐operative (PO) dressings can improve PO wound healing and patient outcomes after ESS.ParticipantsEighty two patients were included in this study with 79 patients completing the study with 40 undergoing full house FESS and 39 FESS plus frontal drillout.Main Outcome MeasuresPatients were followed up at 2, 6 and 12 weeks PO, and outcome scores such as SNOT‐22, VAS and LKS, pre and post‐surgery (12 weeks) were compared.ResultsSeventy nine patients completed the study, there was a significant reduction in SNOT‐22 score and improvement of VAS at 12 weeks in patients treated with Chitogel compared to control (p < .05). In those patients, the mean ostium area for the Chitogel and the Chitogel + Def + GaPP groups was higher across all three sinuses compared to the no‐treatment control group, without statistical significance. Sphenoid sinus ostium was significantly more patent in patients treated with Chitogel compared to the control at the 12‐week time point (p < .05).ConclusionChitogel as a PO dressing after ESS results in the best patient‐reported symptom scores and objective measurements. The combination of Def and GaPP to Chitogel though proving safe, had no effect on the ostium patency or mucosal healing.
Novel lncRNA‐prader willi/angelman region RNA, SNRPN neighbour (PWARSN) aggravates tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis by regulating TXNIP via dual way in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Song Yi , Guo Feng , Zhao Yan‐yan , Ma Xiao‐jun , Wu Li‐na , Yu Ji‐feng , Ji Hong‐fei , Shao Ming‐wei , Huang Feng‐juan , Zhao Lin , Fan Xun‐jie , Xu Ya‐nan , Wang Qing‐zhu , Qin Gui‐jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesElevated thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP)‐induced pyroptosis contributes to the pathology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the molecular mechanisms in dysregulated TXNIP in DKD remain largely unclear.Materials and methodsTranscriptomic analysis identified a novel long noncoding RNA—Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA, SNRPN neighbour (PWARSN)—which was highly expressed in a proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) under high glucose conditions. We focused on revealing the functions of PWARSN in regulating TXNIP‐mediated pyroptosis in PTECs by targeting PWARSN expression via lentivirus‐mediated overexpression and CRISPR‐Cas9‐based knockout in vitro and overexpressing PWARSN in the renal cortex by AAV‐9 targeted injection in vivo. A number of molecular techniques disclosed the mechanisms of PWARSN in regulating TXNIP induced‐pyroptosis in DKD.ResultsTXNIP‐NOD‐like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and PTEC pyroptosis were activated in the renal tubules of patients with DKD and in diabetic mice. Then we explored that PWARSN enhanced TXNIP‐driven PTECs pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic PWARSN sponged miR‐372‐3p to promote TXNIP expression. Moreover, nuclear PWARSN interacted and facilitated RNA binding motif protein X‐linked (RBMX) degradation through ubiquitination, resulting in the initiation of TXNIP transcription by reducing H3K9me3‐enrichment at the TXNIP promoter. Further analysis indicated that PWARSN might be a potential biomarker for DKD.ConclusionsThese findings illustrate distinct dual molecular mechanisms for PWARSN‐modulated TXNIP and PTECs pyroptosis in DKD, presenting PWARSN as a promising therapeutic target for DKD.
Perceptions and uses of pangolins (Pholidota) among remote rural communities in the Republic of the Congo: A baseline study from the Odzala‐Kokoua National Park
Authors: Swiacká Markéta , Ingram Daniel J. , Bohm Torsten , Ceacero Francisco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHabitat loss and overexploitation are the most severe threats to wild animals in Central Africa. One mammalian group under pressure from hunting is the Pholidota (pangolins), with three species of pangolin inhabiting the region. While local uses of pangolins have been investigated in several Central African countries, data originating from the Republic of the Congo are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a semistructured questionnaire survey in 65 rural communities around the Odzala‐Kokoua National Park. Our research focused on collecting baseline information on local knowledge of species ecology, and perceived economic values and uses of pangolins in local communities. We identified significant differences in our data corresponding to respondents' sociocultural and demographic profiles in the surveyed villages. Recognition of pangolins was high (98.2%), we recorded 22 traditional medicinal or cultural uses of pangolins by respondents, and the taste of pangolin meat was ranked highly (71.3%). Respondents based along the northern boundary of the park were more familiar with pangolins and the market value of their meat and scales, which could be due to better quality roads in the area and proximity to Cameroon. We then provide guidelines for further research to better understand the dynamics of local use, needed for conservation policy and actions.
Immune reconstitution and survival of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from older donors
Authors: Jiang Peiyao , Cai Yu , Zhou Xiao , Yang Jun , Tong Yin , Huang Chongmei , Qiu Huiying , Zhou Kun , Xu Xiaowei , Zhang Ying , Niu Jiahua , Shen Chang , Xia Xinxin , Wei Yu , Song Xianmin , Wan Liping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of donor age on the immune reconstitution of patients with hematological malignancies who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is unclear.MethodWe retrospectively compared the outcomes of 381 patients who underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from 308 donors under 50 years of age and 73 donors over 50 years of age. IVIG was regularly supplemented for patients in the first 3 months post‐HCT.ResultsThe counts of CD8+CD45RA+ naïve T cells were significantly lower in patients of the older donor group than in the younger donor group in the first year after PBSCT (190.6 cells/μl vs. 239.6 cells/μl, p = .018). Patients in the older donor group had significantly fewer CD19+ B cells on day +270 (123.4 cells/μl vs. 183.5 cells/μl, p = .021) and day +365 (169 cells/μl vs. 271.1 cells/μl, p = .01) after PBSCT. Serum IgA (.76 g/L vs. .97 g/L, p < .001) and IgM levels (.75 g/L vs. 1.04 g/L, p < .001) were significantly lower in patients in the older donor group from day +60 to +365 after PBSCT. The EBV reactivation rate within the first 3 months after PBSCT was significantly higher in patients in the older donor group (48.6% vs. 38.3%, p = .034). However, the incidences of CMV reactivation, II‐IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD), chronic GvHD (cGvHD), 3‐year relapse rate, 3‐year transplant‐related mortality (TRM) and 3‐year overall survival (OS) were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, donors ≥50 years old were associated with inferior immune reconstitution and higher EBV reactivation in patients after PBSCT, but no change in OS.
A test of the competitive ability–cold tolerance trade‐off hypothesis in seasonally breeding beetles
Authors: Wettlaufer Jillian D. , Ye April , MacMillan Heath A. , Martin Paul R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Closely related species that use similar resources often differ in their seasonal patterns of activity, but the factors that limit their distributions across seasons are unknown for most species. One hypothesis to explain seasonal variation in the distributions of species involves a trade‐off between competitive ability and cold tolerance, where tolerance to the cold compromises competitive ability in warmer (benign) temperatures, either at the level of the individual or population.
We tested both individual‐level and population‐level mechanisms of this hypothesis in two co‐occurring species of temperate burying beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus sayi, N. orbicollis) that differ in their seasonal patterns of activity.
We measured cold tolerance, breeding activity as a function of temperature, and competitive ability as a function of temperature and season.
Consistent with our hypothesis, the mid‐season N. orbicollis was less able to function at the cold temperatures that characterise early spring, when the early‐season N. sayi is most active. The larger beetle, however, always won one‐on‐one competitive trials at warm temperatures, regardless of species, inconsistent with an individual‐level trade‐off. N. orbicollis was usually larger and successful when competing for the same carrion later in the season, mostly because of its larger population size, consistent with a trade‐off between competitive ability, and cold tolerance acting at the population level.
Our findings suggest that cold temperatures limit the mid‐season N. orbicollis from earlier spring emergence, while competitive pressure from the more abundant, larger N. orbicollis constrains the early‐season N. sayi from remaining active through the summer.
Aggregative oviposition varies with density in processionary moths—Implications for insect outbreak propensity
Authors: Battisti Andrea , Hódar José A. , Hernández Rodolfo , Larsson Stig 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn gregarious insects, groups commonly originate from females laying eggs in masses and feeding groups are established as soon as larvae hatch. Some group‐living insect species may aggregate beyond the individual parent level, such that offspring from two or more egg masses develop within a common resource.Here we show that aggregative oviposition can vary with population density at oviposition and possibly be an important factor in outbreak dynamics of phytophagous insects.We analysed density data with respect to egg mass aggregation for two species of pine processionary moths,Thaumetopoea pinivora(in Sweden 2005–2019) andT. pityocampa(in Spain 1973–1991). Both species lay their eggs in egg masses and feed in groups. During the study periods, insect population density for both species varied by at least an order of magnitude.The two species showed strikingly similar patterns of egg mass aggregation. Egg masses were overdispersed at high population density, with few trees showing a high load of egg masses.Our data suggest that aggregative oviposition can be important in explaining the previously documented higher propensity for outbreaks in insects laying eggs in clusters, compared with those laying individual eggs.
Clinical seizure semiology is subtle and identification of seizures by parents is unreliable in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Lynch Matthew , Smith Kirsty , Riney Kate 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy of parental seizure detection in infants with antenatally diagnosed tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and to document the total seizure burden (clinical and subclinical) in those patients who met criteria for prolonged electroencephalography (EEG) recording.MethodsConsecutive infants at a single institution with antenatally diagnosed TSC who met criteria for prolonged video‐EEG (vEEG) were recruited to this study. The vEEG data were reviewed and when a seizure was identified on EEG, the video and audio recording was assessed for evidence of clinical seizure and, if present, whether there was evidence of parent seizure identification.ResultsNine infants were enrolled, for whom 674 focal seizures were identified in eight of nine patients across 24 prolonged vEEG recordings, with vEEG total duration of 634 h 49 min (average seizure frequency of 1 focal seizure/h). Only 220 of 674 (32.6%) were clinical seizures, 395 of 674 (58.6%) were subclinical seizures, and 59 of 674 seizures could not be classified. Only 63 of 220 clinical seizures (28.6%) were identified by parents, with 157 of 220 (71.4%) not identified. Thirty clusters of epileptic spasms were detected in one patient. At least one clinical epileptic spasm occurred in 2 of 30 clusters (6.7%), 24 of 30 clusters of epileptic spasms (80%) were electrographic only, and classification was uncertain for 4 of 30 clusters (13.3%). No clinical epileptic spasms were detected by parents. Clinical seizure frequency was significantly underestimated by parents for all patients.SignificanceThis study demonstrates that in infants with TSC who met criteria for prolonged vEEG, (1) parents significantly under recognize total clinical seizure count, (2) parents fail to identify epileptic spasms, and (3) seizure frequency is high. This highlights that epilepsy treatment decisions should not be based solely on parental clinical seizure identification. Prolonged vEEG monitoring may have an important role in the routine epilepsy care of infants with TSC, as demonstrating undetected high clinical seizure frequency may allow improved epilepsy management decisions.
The trend premium around the world: Evidence from the stock market
Authors: Lin Hai , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Cheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the predictive power of the trend strategy in the international stock market. Using data from 49 markets, we find that a trend signal exploiting the short‐, intermediate‐, and long‐term price information can predict stock returns cross‐sectionally in the international market. The significance of the trend strategy is associated with market‐level characteristics such as macroeconomic conditions, culture, and the information environment. The trend premium is more pronounced in markets with a more advanced macroeconomic status, a higher level of information uncertainty and individualism, and better accessibility to foreign investors. Nevertheless, the trend strategy only outperforms the momentum strategy in a relatively short horizon.
Comparative hospitalization risk for SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron and Delta variant infections, by variant predominance periods and patient‐level sequencing results, New York City, August 2021–January 2022
Authors: Greene Sharon K. , Levin‐Rector Alison , Kyaw Nang T. T. , Luoma Elizabeth , Amin Helly , McGibbon Emily , Mathes Robert W. , Ahuja Shama D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundComparing disease severity between SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among populations with varied vaccination and infection histories can help characterize emerging variants and support healthcare system preparedness.MethodsWe compared COVID‐19 hospitalization risk among New York City residents with positive laboratory‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 tests when ≥98% of sequencing results were Delta (August–November 2021) or Omicron (BA.1 and sublineages, January 2022). A secondary analysis defined variant exposure using patient‐level sequencing results during July 2021–January 2022, comprising 1–18% of weekly confirmed cases.ResultsHospitalization risk was lower among patients testing positive when Omicron (16,025/488,053, 3.3%) than when Delta predominated (8268/158,799, 5.2%). In multivariable analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics and prior diagnosis and vaccination status, patients testing positive when Omicron predominated, compared with Delta, had 0.72 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.82) times the hospitalization risk. In a secondary analysis of patients with sequencing results, hospitalization risk was similar among patients infected with Omicron (2042/29,866, 6.8%), compared with Delta (1780/25,272, 7.0%), and higher among the subset who received two mRNA vaccine doses (adjusted relative risk 1.64; 95% CI: 1.44, 1.87).ConclusionsHospitalization risk was lower among patients testing positive when Omicron predominated, compared with Delta. This finding persisted after adjusting for prior diagnosis and vaccination status, suggesting intrinsic virologic properties, not population‐based immunity, explained the lower severity. Secondary analyses demonstrated collider bias from the sequencing sampling frame changing over time in ways associated with disease severity. Representative data collection is necessary to avoid bias when comparing disease severity between previously dominant and newly emerging variants.
Identification of cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs for prognosis and immunotherapy in glioma
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Yunqian , Wang Yubo , Li Jia , Sun Yajuan , Chen Jiajun , Wang Ziqian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlioma is a highly invasive primary brain tumour, making it challenging to accurately predict prognosis for glioma patients. Cuproptosis is a recently discovered cell death attracting significant attention in the tumour field. Whether cuproptosis‐related genes have prognostic predictive value has not been clarified. In this study, uni‐/multi‐variate Cox and Lasso regression analyses were applied to construct a risk model based on cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs using TCGA and CGGA cohorts. A nomogram was constructed to quantify individual risk, including clinical and genic characteristics and risk. GO and KEGG analyses were used to define functional enrichment of DEGs. Tumour mutation burden (TMB) and immune checkpoint analyses were performed to evaluate potential responses to ICI therapy. Ten prognostic lncRNAs were obtained from Cox regression. Based on the median risk score, patients were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups. Either for grade 2–3 or for grade 4, glioma patients with high‐risk exhibited significant poorer prognoses. The risk was an independent risk factor associated with overall survival. The high‐risk group was functionally associated with immune responses and cancer‐related pathways. The high‐risk group was associated with higher TMB scores. The expression levels of many immune checkpoints in the high‐risk group were significantly higher than those in the low‐risk group. Differentiated immune pathways were primarily enriched in the IFN response, immune checkpoint and T‐cell co‐stimulation pathways. In conclusion, we established a risk model based on cuproptosis‐related lncRNAs showing excellent prognostic prediction ability but also indicating the immuno‐microenvironment status of glioma.