bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of C3–C6 Acetate Esters via CO Electroreduction in a Membrane Electrode Assembly Cell
Authors: Zhou Yansong , Ganganahalli Ramesha , Verma Sumit , Tan Hui Ru , Yeo Boon Siang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction has been previously reported to yield a range of carbonaceous products including alcohols, hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. However, esters, an important family of organic compounds, have not been formed. Herein, we report the electrosynthesis of C3 to C6 acetate esters (H3C−(C=O)−O−R) from carbon monoxide using copper catalysts in a membrane electrode assembly cell. Ethyl acetate and propyl acetate could be produced with an unprecedented total Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ∼22 % and with a current density of up to −55 mA cm−2, alongside minor quantities of methyl acetate and butyl acetate. The esters are produced via the addition reaction of ethenone (H2C=C=O) and alcohols produced during CO reduction. We show that the near water‐free reaction conditions and the high local pH play key roles in the formation of the esters.
Effect of high oleic soybean oil oleogels on the properties of doughs and corresponding bakery products
Authors: Zhao Muxin , Rao Jiajia , Chen Bingcan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOleogel has been used to replace or reduce solid fat content in various high‐fat products. The performance of oleogels in final bakery products has been widely demonstrated but the effects of oleogels on dough qualities are still rarely informed. In this study, two different oleogels were prepared by mixing expeller pressed high oleic soybean oil (EPHOSO) with either monoacylglycerol (MAG) or rice bran wax (RBX) at a concentration of 10 wt%, and were then used to replace shortening in both bread and cracker formula. The effects of oleogel type on the quality of bread and cracker doughs and the corresponding baked products were investigated. Rapid visco analysis implied that both bread and cracker doughs made with MAG oleogel yielded longer peak time and higher pasting temperature, indicating the potential of delaying the gelatinization. Farinograph and rheological measurements suggested that replacing shortening with MAG and RBX oleogels did not significantly change the dough property. With regard to the baked bread, both MAG and RBX oleogels retained the quality of bread similar as that prepared by shortening. In addition, MAG oleogel exhibited softening effect on bread crumb. Similarly, oleogels could create crackers with comparable quality when compared to shortening. Among the two oleogels, MAG oleogel also reduced the hardness of the baked crackers. Overall, the present study has provided evidence that EPHOSO based oleogel possesses a high potential to replace shortening without diminishing the quality of both bakery doughs and the final bakery products.
Has recentralisation improved equality? Primary care infrastructure development in China
Authors: Tan Xiao , Yu Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince the early 2000s, the Chinese Government has undertaken a series of recentralisation efforts. In social policy areas, such efforts are targeted at greater equalisation and inclusiveness. These developments raise a critical question: has recentralisation improved equality? This study explores this question through the lens of primary care infrastructure development, an essential aspect of healthcare reforms that has received limited attention in the academic literature. Based on an analysis of health yearbooks (2004–2016), other government documents and fieldwork interviews, we find that, despite recentralisation efforts, the financing for primary care infrastructure development has remained highly decentralised. Provincial governments act as important intermediaries, reflected by their discretionary power in managing central targets and fundraising behaviour to leverage available resources for outcomes that align with local priorities. Despite an overall capacity increase in primary care infrastructure, significant inequality has remained, which contradicts the central governmentʼs intent to improve equality through recentralisation.
Restored kelp facilitates lobster recruitment but not other mid‐trophic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Shelamoff Victor , Layton Cayne , Tatsumi Masayuki , Cameron Matthew J. , Wright Jeffrey T. , Johnson Craig R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The patch dynamics of foundation species profoundly affects community assembly and thus has important implications for ecosystem restoration. However, it is unclear how restored kelp patches that vary in size and density will influence the establishment of mid‐trophic level (MTL) macroinvertebrates, a key functional group in coastal ecosystems.
Artificial reefs with transplants of the canopy‐forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata, were used to quantify the effect of patch size and kelp density on the densities of MTL macroinvertebrates (primarily decapod crustaceans) and on the recruitment of an ecologically important and commercially valuable lobster species.
Densities of MTL macroinvertebrates, which were dominated by hermit crabs, decreased with increasing patch size but responded inconsistently to kelp density. There was, however, an overall positive relationship between MTL macroinvertebrates and the density of small epifaunal grazers (a potential food source), along with a negative association with cover of understorey foliose algae.
In contrast, the total abundance and density of lobster recruits was higher on larger reefs, and reefs with kelp had up to double the number of recruits relative to reefs with no kelp. After 12 months, most of the surviving lobster recruits occurred on reefs supporting low and medium densities of kelp.
These results show that patchy reef substratum is effective in supporting high densities of some MTL macroinvertebrates, irrespective of kelp presence. Although conversely, larger reefs with restored kelp at natural – or even relatively low – densities appear critical to the recruitment of lobsters, which could motivate and provide positive feedback for kelp restoration projects in some locations.
Patch dynamics may be used to support restoration efforts by helping to accelerate the recovery of key species and ecosystem services; however, trade‐offs will exist through different taxa responding to patch characteristics in different ways, some positive and some negative.
Complete mitochondrial genome analysis and molecular phylogenetic implications of Kennelia xylinana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Yang Wenxu , Dong Ruiqin , Song Xueling , Yu Haili 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKennelia is a small genus in Tortricidae that is distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, and its taxonomic position within the subfamily Olethreutinae is controversial. For a comprehensive understanding of the genus, we sequenced the mitogenome of Kennelia xylinana, the type species of Kennelia, and Ancylis unculana, a species of Enarmoniini; analyzed the mitogenome characteristics of K. xylinana; and explored its phylogenetic position. Similar to other members of Lepidoptera, the mitogenome of K. xylinana is 15,762‐bp long and consists of 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a noncoding control region. In particular, we found a structure (TATAATTAATAA)11 in the middle of the AT‐rich region. Based on the Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of the 13 PCGs of 40 tortricid species, representing 8 tribes of 2 subfamilies, K. xylinana was clustered with two members of Enarmoniini, A. unculana and Loboschiza koenigiana, and formed highly supported monophyly. The results indicate that Kennelia should be placed in the tribe Enarmoniini.
Recent Progress on Organic Electrode Materials for Multivalent (Zn, Al, Mg, Ca) Secondary Batteries
Authors: Ding Chaojian , Li Chaobo , Tian Hao , Tong Yifan , Huang Weiwei , Zhang Qichun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultivalent secondary batteries (MSBs) have attracted great attention in view of their rich resources, low cost, and high safety. However, its development and application are still plagued by electrode materials. With their renewable and highly adjustable structures, organic electrode materials (OEMs) have several advantages over traditional inorganic electrode materials (IEMs), which has become the current research hotspot of electrode materials for MSBs. In this review, we present the recent developments in OEMs used for secondary batteries, including carbonyl compounds, imine compounds, conductive polymers, covalent organic frameworks, organic cyanides, organosulfur polymers and so on. An overview of the structural characteristics, energy storage mechanism, and electrochemical performance of OEMs in MSBs is given. Furthermore, to reveal the reasons for the high performance of the preponderant organic electrode materials, the relationships between material structures, electrolyte system, and battery properties are discussed in detail. Finally, we hope that this review could provide a fundamental guide to developing and designing high‐performance MSBs in the future.
Communities as conduits of harm: A social identity analysis of appraisal, coping and justice‐seeking in response to historic collective victimization
Authors: Këllezi Blerina , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Bowe Mhairi , Livingstone Andrew , Guxholli Aurora 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial identity approach (SIA) research shows that community members often work together to support survivors of collective victimization and rectify social injustices. However, complexities arise when community members have been involved in perpetrating these injustices. While many communities are unaware of their role in fostering victimization, others actively deny their role and responsibility to restore justice. We explore these processes by investigating experiences of community violence and collective justice‐seeking among Albanian survivors of dictatorial crimes. Survivors (N = 27) were interviewed, and data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis guided by the SIA. The analysis reveals the diverse ways communities can become harmful ‘Social Curses’. First, communities in their various forms became effective perpetrators of fear and control (e.g., exclusion and/or withholding ingroup privileges) during the dictatorship because of the close relationship between communities and their members. Second, communities caused harm by refusing to accept responsibility for the crimes, and by undermining attempts at collective action to address injustices. This lack of collective accountability also fosters survivors' feelings of exclusion and undermines their hope for systematic change. Implications for SIA processes relating to health/wellbeing (both Social Cure and Curse) are discussed. We also discuss implications for understanding collective action and victimhood.
Establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line from caudal fin of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Yadav Manoj K. , Rastogi Aakriti , Verma Dev K. , Paria Anutosh , Kushwaha Basdeo , Rathore Gaurav , Swaminathan T. Raja , Pradhan Pravata K. , Sood Neeraj 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLabeo calbasu is an important food fish and candidate species for diversification of carp aquaculture. In the present study, we have established a continuous cell line, designated as L. calbasu fin (LCF), from caudal fin of L. calbasu using explant method. The cell line has been subcultured for over 73 passages and the LCF cells show optimal growth in Leibovitz's L‐15 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum at a temperature of 28°C. In karyotype analysis, the modal chromosome number of LCF cells at 35th passage was found to be 50. The amplification and sequencing of partial fragments of mitochondrial genes, namely 16S rRNA and COI from LCF cells confirmed the origin of cell line from L. calbasu. The LCF cells could be successfully transfected with GFP reporter gene, indicating suitability of these cells for expression of foreign genes. Further, following inoculation with supernatant from Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infected cell line, no cytopathic effects were observed in the LCF cells and cell pellet was negative for TiLV in RT‐PCR, indicating that LCF cells were not susceptible to TiLV. The developed cell line has been submitted to National Repository of Fish Cell Lines being maintained at ICAR‐National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow (accession no. NRFC063). The newly developed LCF cell line would be helpful in investigating diseases affecting this candidate species particularly the ones suspected to be of viral etiology, and for cytotoxicity and transgenic studies.
In situ Re‐construction of Pt Nanoparticles Interface for Highly Selective Synthesis of Primary Amines
Authors: Zhang Mingkai , Zou Yong , Zhang Sai , Qu Yongquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRegulation of the catalyst interface by adsorbates has been demonstrated as an efficacious methodology to enhance the catalytic selectivity. Herein, we demonstrated an in situ modifications induced by reactants to re‐construct the local interface of Pt nanoparticles anchored on the CoFe layered double hydroxides (CoFe‐LDH) supports for a highly selective synthesis of primary amines from reductive amination of aldehydes and ammonia. The strong metal‐support interaction between Pt metals and CoFe‐LDH supports results in the highly electron‐enriched surface of Pt and thereby makes the surface of Pt nanoparticles favor the enrichment of NH4+ species and adsorption of NH3. Such a tailored interface can create an interfacial stereo‐hindrance effect and effectively slug the reaction kinetics of side‐reactions, further preventing the formation of side‐products. We anticipate that such an in situ re‐construction of metal interface by reactants and afterwards the constructed local environment of active sites may provide a new approach for the optimization of metal catalysts.
Highly Reversible Li‐Ion Full Batteries: Coupling Li‐Rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 Microcube Cathodes with Carbon‐Decorated MnO Microcube Anodes
Authors: Kim Jong Guk , Noh Yuseong , Kim Youngmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 (0.5Li2MnO3 ⋅ 0.5LiNi0.7Mn0.3O2) cathode and MnO coated with carbon anode materials derived from the MnCO3 microcubes were fabricated for the application to lithium‐ion full batteries. The Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 microcubes were used in the cathode, and they exhibited a high capacity (250.3 mAh g−1), good cycle life, and outstanding rate capability. In addition, the carbon‐decorated MnO composite anode showed a high capacity (1063.1 mAh g−1), good capacity retention, and high kinetic properties, compared with bare MnO microcubes. Consequently, when the full Li‐ion battery consisted of porous Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 cathode and MnO decorated with the carbon anode, it exhibited a high capacity of 149.2 mAh g−1. This improved charge/discharge performances suggests that this Li‐ion full battery with porous Li‐rich Li1.20Ni0.28Mn0.52O2 cathode and carbon‐decorated MnO anode could be perspective next‐generation Li+ storage systems.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Felt as an Electrode Material for Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: Qiao Lin , Fang Maolin , Guo Jiemin , Ma Xiangkun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVanadium flow batteries (VFBs) are well suited for energy storage due to the attractive features of high safety and long cycle life. Electrodes are a key component of a VFB, directly affecting the energy efficiency and power density of the battery. However, the carbon felt electrode commonly used suffers from poor hydrophilicity and electrochemical activity. Herein, a simple ammonium sulfate hydrothermal method was presented to improve the electrochemical activity and hydrophilicity of carbon felt. In the design, hydrophilic nitrogen‐containing and oxygen‐containing functional groups were introduced in the hydrothermal process, in favor of optimizing the hydrophilicity of carbon felt. The doping of nitrogen with negative charge density and the increasing defects promoted the electrochemical reactions of vanadium ions. Furthermore, the effects of the experimental parameters on the performance of the carbon felt and the battery were carefully studied. As a result, the VFB with 90‐1 nitrogen‐doped carbon felt exhibited the best performance; the energy efficiency achieved 87.34 % at the current density of 80 mA/cm2, which was 3.91 % higher than that with the original one.
[2.2]‐ and [3.3]Paracyclophane as Bridging Units in Organic Dyads for Visible‐Light‐Driven Dye‐Sensitized Hydrogen Production
Authors: Watanabe Motonori , Ono Yuka , Ishihara Tatsumi , Chang Yuan Jay , Shibahara Masahiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNovel donor–acceptor dyads containing [2.2]‐ and [3.3]paracyclophane (PCP) as the bridging moiety were synthesized and used to effectively fabricate dye‐sensitized hydrogen production systems. All the prepared compounds had a phenothiazine and a cyanoacrylic acid/pyridinyl acrylonitrile moiety acting as an electron donor and acceptor, respectively. Although cyclic voltammetry measurements showed similar electron‐donating properties among all the synthesized dyads, the lowest absorption energy of the [2.2]PCP moiety was lower than that of the [3.3]PCP one; this was due to its shorter distance between benzene rings, which could effectively drive the charge transfer between the donor and acceptor chromophores. Under visible light (>395 nm), a dyad‐loaded photocatalyst in a 0.5 M aqueous glycerol solution generated detectable hydrogen gases. The optimal turnover number and photocurrent order exhibited the same trend as the hydrogen production rate since the suggested number of excited photons played a critical role in hydrogen production.
Four‐Step Spin Crossover in a New Cyano‐Bridged Iron‐Silver Coordination Polymer
Authors: Kucheriv Olesia I. , Shylin Sergii I. , Sirenko Valerii Y. , Ksenofontov Vadim , Tremel Wolfgang , Dascălu Ioan‐Andrei , Shova Sergiu , Gural'skiy Il'ya A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpin‐crossover complexes with multistep transitions attract much attention due to their potential applications as multi‐switches and for data storage. A four‐step spin crossover is observed in the new iron(II)‐based cyanometallic guest‐free framework compound Fe(2‐ethoxypyrazine)2{Ag(CN)2}2 during the transition from the low‐spin to the high‐spin state. A reverse process occurs in three steps. Crystallographic studies reveal an associated stepwise evolution of the crystal structures. Multiple transitions in the reported complex originate from distinct FeII sites which exist due to the packing of the ligand with a bulky substituent.
Dihydroxy‐Acid Dehydratases From Pathogenic Bacteria: Emerging Drug Targets to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Bayaraa Tenuun , Gaete Jose , Sutiono Samuel , Kurz Julia , Lonhienne Thierry , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Bernhardt Paul V. , Sieber Volker , Guddat Luke , Schenk Gerhard 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent global need for the development of novel therapeutics to combat the rise of various antibiotic‐resistant superbugs. Enzymes of the branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis pathway are an attractive target for novel anti‐microbial drug development. Dihydroxy‐acid dehydratase (DHAD) is the third enzyme in the BCAA biosynthesis pathway. It relies on an Fe−S cluster for catalytic activity and has recently also gained attention as a catalyst in cell‐free enzyme cascades. Two types of Fe−S clusters have been identified in DHADs, i.e. [2Fe−2S] and [4Fe−4S], with the latter being more prone to degradation in the presence of oxygen. Here, we characterise two DHADs from bacterial human pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Campylobacter jejuni (SaDHAD and CjDHAD). Purified SaDHAD and CjDHAD are virtually inactive, but activity could be reversibly reconstituted in vitro (up to ∼19,000‐fold increase with kcat as high as ∼6.7 s−1). Inductively‐coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) measurements are consistent with the presence of [4Fe−4S] clusters in both enzymes. N‐isopropyloxalyl hydroxamate (IpOHA) and aspterric acid are both potent inhibitors for both SaDHAD (Ki=7.8 and 51.6 μM, respectively) and CjDHAD (Ki=32.9 and 35.1 μM, respectively). These compounds thus present suitable starting points for the development of novel anti‐microbial chemotherapeutics.
Gram‐scale synthesis of (S)‐1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethanol in high enantiomeric purity under Enterococcus faecium BY48 biocatalysts
Authors: Şahin Engin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSulfur‐containing chiral heterocyclic secondary alcohols are relevant intermediates in the preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds endowed with biological activity. In this report, we evaluated the reductive potential of different lactic acid bacteria as whole‐cell biocatalysts of the enantioselective reduction of 1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethanone (1). Enterococcus faecium BY48, isolated from boza, a cereal‐based fermented beverage, was found to be the best biocatalyst in our initial investigations. Using whole‐cell preparations of E. faecium BY48, we then systematically analyzed the reaction parameters (pH, incubation period, agitation speed, and temperature) to optimize the yield, the enantiomeric excess (e. e.), and the conversion leading to (S)‐1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethanol [(S)‐2]. The target derivative, which is a precursor in the synthesis of biologically active chiral compounds, was obtained in enantiomerically pure form, gram‐scale amounts, and high yield. This is also the first report that the manufacture of (S)‐2 in excellent conversion, yield, enantiopure form, and gram scale used whole‐cell biocatalyst. This whole‐cell E. faecium BY48 biocatalyzed reaction is a clean, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective process, representing a valuable alternative to chemical catalysis or previously reported biocatalytic procedures in the preparation of (S)‐2.
A look at current and potential treatment approaches for hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative early breast cancer
Authors: Harbeck Nadia , Burstein Harold J. , Hurvitz Sara A. , Johnston Stephen , Vidal Gregory A. 
Published: May 2022

The heterogeneity of hormone receptor (HR)‐positive, HER2‐negative early breast cancers reinforces the importance of individualized, risk‐adapted treatment approaches. Numerous factors contribute to the risk for recurrence, including clinical tumor features, individual biomarkers, and genomic risk. Current standard approaches for patients with HR‐positive, HER2‐negative, early stage disease focus on endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. The specific treatment regimen and duration of adjuvant therapy should be selected based on accurate risk assessment, tolerability of available therapies, and consideration for patient preferences. For patients with high‐risk features, such as highly proliferative tumors, large tumor size, and significant nodal involvement, the risk for recurrence remains clinically significant despite appropriate adjuvant treatment with current standards of care. This has driven investigation into novel treatment approaches, including the addition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors to adjuvant endocrine therapy. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibition has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with high‐risk, HR‐positive, HER2‐negative, nonmetastatic breast cancer and now offers a new strategy to greatly improve outcomes in this difficult to treat patient population.;LAY SUMMARY

Hormone receptor (HR)‐positive, HER2‐negative early breast cancers are highly diverse and need to be managed differently for individual patients.

The use of adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy should be driven by a patient's risk for recurrence, preferences, and risk for side effects.

Patients with high‐risk tumors have a persistently elevated risk for recurrence despite current standards of care.

Emerging cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors are highly effective when added to endocrine therapy in high‐risk, HR‐positive early breast cancer and have the potential to improve patient outcomes in this difficult to treat patient population.