bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histomorfometri Hepar Itik Peking (Anas platyrhynchos) setelah Penambahan Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dalam Pakan yang Dikombinasikan dengan Paparan Cahaya
Authors: Latifah Arif Nur , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar 
Published: April 2022

Hepar merupakan salah satu organ vital pada metabolisme aves. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penambahan tepung daun kelor dalam pakan yang dikombinasikan dengan paparan cahaya terhadap histomorfometri hepar itik pekin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 4×2. Faktor utama berupa konsentrasi tepung daun kelor (0, 2, 4, dan 6%) dan warna lampu (putih dan hijau). Itik pekin yang digunakan berjumlah 48 ekor. Variabel pengukuran antara lain bobot hepar, bobot badan, indek hepatosomatik, dan diameter hepatosit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dua arah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa paparan cahaya dengan kombinasi tepung daun kelor tidak berpengaruh signifikan (P>0,05) pada bobot hepar, bobot badan, dan indek hepatosomatik, namun berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) pada diameter hepatosit. Masing-masing faktor utama warna cahaya atau tepung daun kelor tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada semua variabel. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penambahan tepung daun kelor dalam pakan yang dikombinasikan dengan paparan cahaya dapat meningkatkan ukuran diameter hepatosit dan memicu proliferasi sel–sel hepatosit. Proliferasi hepatosit mengarah pada regenerasi hepatosit terdapat pada kelompok 6% tepung daun kelor yang dikombinasikan dengan cahaya putih ataupun cahaya hijau. The liver is one of the vital organs in avian metabolism. This research aimed to analyzed the inclusion of Moringa leaf flour in feed with light exposure on the liver histomorphometry of Pekin ducks. This study used a completely Randomized Design in 2×4 arrangement, with main factors, the first factor was concentrations of Moringa flour and the second factor was color of light. Forty-eight Pekin ducks were used in this research. The variables measured in this research were liver weight, body weight, hepatosomatic index, and hepatocyte diameter. The data obtained were analyze using two-way Analysis of Variance. The light exposure with a combination of Moringa leaf flour had no significant effect on liver weight, body weight, and hepatosomatic index, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on hepatocyte diameter. Meanwhile, the main factor, either light color or Moringa leaf flour had no significant effect on all variables. The conclusion of this study is Moringa leaf powder in the diet combined with light exposure could affect the histomorphometry of the liver which is characterized by an increase in hepatocyte cell diameter and the proliferation of hepatocyte cells. Liver cell proliferation leading to hepatocyte regeneration was found in the 6% group of Moringa leaf flour combined with white or green light.
The Effectiveness of Biosorbent from Chicken’s Egg Shell and Durian Peel towards the Quality of Biodiesel Product from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Kristanto Dwi , Pudjihastuti Isti , Amalia Rizka 
Published: April 2022

Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil with 85 - 90% of the world's total palm oil production. The consumption of palm oil in Indonesia is increasing every year, thus the waste are also increase. Waste cooking oil contains carcinogenic substances which causes various diseases. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly substitute fuel for diesel made from vegetable oil as raw material. Used cooking oil can be used as raw material for biodiesel production, but it needs to be purified before further processing. Chicken egg shell contains 90% of CaCO3 can be used as a biosorbent of used cooking oil. Durian skin contains 50% - 60% of cellulose also has the potential as a biosorbent. This research was conducted to investigated the effectiveness of the combination of chicken egg shell biosorbent with durian skin for the purification process of used cooking oil as a raw material of biodiesel. Biosorbent was produced by carbonization process in a furnace at a temperature of 550oC for durian skin and 9000C for chicken egg shells. The results show that the acid number of used cooking oil has met the parameters of the SNI 3741: 2013, namely 0.43 mgKOH / gr and FFA levels of 0.0024% with a yield of 62.76%. The purified cooking oil was then continued with the transesterification process to produced biodiesel. The biodiesel obtained had the cetane numbers B100 of 33.8 and B30 of 45.2.
Mystery Shopping in der Chatauskunft: Entwicklung eines Kriterienkatalogs
Authors: Stecker Sandra 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines geeigneten Kriterienkatalogs zur Evaluierung der Mystery-Shopping-Erfahrung innerhalb der Chatauskunft. Die Prüfung der Eignung des Katalogs erfolgt mittels eines Pretests an ausgewählten Universitätsbibliotheken in Nordrhein-Westfalen und dient einer Überarbeitung der Kriterien, die Rückschlüsse aus den Erfahrungswerten miteinbezieht.
Beschwerdemanagement in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken
Authors: Murmann Eva 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Herausforderung für Bibliotheken und ihre Mitarbeiter:innen besteht darin, Konfliktsituationen zu identifizieren, zu analysieren und sie durch präventive Maßnahmen zu umgehen. Der Einbezug der Mitarbeiter:innen für eine effiziente Deeskalationsstrategie ist dabei von höchster Wichtigkeit. Konflikt(-lösungs)modelle helfen, interaktive Beschwerdesituationen zu verstehen und können eine qualitative Verbesserung der Kundenbindung erbringen sowie zur Prozessoptimierung beitragen.
Selbstverständlich vielfältig. Aus einem internen Diversity-Schulungsprozess entsteht eine Aktionsreihe zur Diversität in Kinderbüchern
Authors: Reeder-Dertnig Waltraud 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen des Programms 360° – Fonds für Kulturen der neuen Stadtgesellschaft der Kulturstiftung des Bundes hat die Stadtbibliothek Köln zusammen mit einer Beratungsorganisation eine Diversity-Schulungsreihe für Mitarbeitende konzipiert und durchgeführt. Im Rahmen dieses Prozesses entstand aus dem Kreis der Teilnehmenden der Wunsch, sich mit dem als relevant identifizierten Thema „Diversität in Kinderbüchern“ weiter zu beschäftigen und es anschließend in die Öffentlichkeit zu tragen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Weg von der Diversity-Schulung bis zur praktischen Umsetzung des Themas in einer Aktionsreihe darstellt.
Bibliotheca Somnia – die digitale Zaubererschule der Stadtbibliothek Weinheim
Authors: Ebel Elisabeth , Sonnenfeld Anna 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Während der Corona-Krise entwickelten die Mitarbeiterinnen der Stadtbibliothek Weinheim eine digitale Zaubererschule. So gab es für die Weinheimer Kinder trotz aller Einschränkungen einen aufregenden Sommer, der für Abwechslung sorgte. Alle paar Tage gab es magische Aufgaben zu lösen, für die es Punkte für das eigene Haus gab. Am Ende konnte jedes Kind einen kleinen Preis gewinnen.
Beyond Psssst! Der Film der ZHAW Hochschulbibliothek
Authors: Meyer Kälin Margrit 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
„Sie glauben, Bibliotheken sind total veraltet, seit es das Internet gibt? Na, dann passen Sie mal auf!“ So beginnt der aktuelle Film1 über die Hochschulbibliothek der ZHAW2 (im Folgenden HSB genannt), der seit dem Herbstsemester 2020 an allen Einführungsveranstaltungen der HSB eingesetzt wird, damit die neuen Studierenden einen fachkundigen – und humorvollen – Eindruck davon erhalten, was sie an der ZHAW Hochschulbibliothek erwartet. Wie es dazu kam, dass die Hochschulbibliothek einen Film drehte, welche Hindernisse und Stolpersteine es gab und wer welche Reaktionen zeigte, erfahren Sie im nachfolgenden Text.
Wir sind ein Land mit Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Knava Irene 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel beschreibt die Umsetzung von Diversitätsorientierung in Bibliotheken. Ausgehend von einer Status-Quo-Analyse wird ein Zukunftsbild der Institution in einem überarbeiteten Mission Statement definiert und über die strategischen Wirkungsziele mit den betrieblichen Abläufen verwoben. Die Institution erfährt eine Neuausrichtung ihrer Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation. Potentielle Nutzer*innen und Communitys werden mittels Co-Kreation in den Veränderungsprozess einbezogen und neue Angebote bedarfsorientiert gestaltet.
Podcasting für Bibliotheken – Hintergründe und Bericht zum Universitätslehrgangs-Abschlussprojekt „Research Library Podcast“ der Universitätsbibliothek Wien
Authors: Forster Martin 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Podcasting im bibliothekarischen Umfeld. Dafür geht er zunächst zum einen auf das Phänomen Podcast im Allgemeinen ein und liefert andererseits einen praxisnahen Einblick am Beispiel des Research Library Podcast der Universitätsbibliothek Wien, an dem der Autor im Rahmen seines Abschlussprojektes des Universitätslehrgangs Library and Information Studies mitgearbeitet hat – und weiterhin dafür tätig ist.
Preliminary screening of microplastic contamination in different marine fish species of Taif market, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khattab Yassir , Mohammadein Amaal , Al Malki Jamila S. , Hussien Nahed Ahmed , Tantawy Ehab M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as a physical anthropogenic contaminant, represent a serious, human health concern due to their toxicity and ability to act as vectors for other pollutants and pathogens. This study aimed to screen for MP contamination in marine fish in Taif market, Saudi Arabia. A total of 22 fish species were used according to their different marine habitats and feedings. We have focused on extracting MPs from gills and muscles using KOH digestion. Nile red dye was used for the MP identification under fluorescence microscopy followed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. This study has reported MP contamination in gills and muscles of all the studied fish, in which poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) was present in epipelagic species, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(2,4,6,-tribromostyrene) (PtBS) were present in pelagic species, and PtBS and chlorosulfonated polyethylene were present in demersal/benthopelagic species. Moreover, benthic fish samples contain PtBS particles; reef-associated species have three different MP particles/fiber PtBS, PVDF, and poly(vinyl formal) and the rest of the studied species samples contain PtBS. The results highlight that the MP pollution increased to reach different species from the pelagic species to the benthic ones. PtBS as a type of polystyrene was the most dominant MP found in most species.
Chlorophytum alismifolium mitigates microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the involvement of oxidative stress and aldose reductase
Authors: Abubakar Abdulhakim , Nazifi Abdullahi Balarabe , Maje Idris Mohammed , Tanko Yusuf , Anuka Joseph Akpojo , Abdurahman Ezzeldin Mukthar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives

Chlorophytum alismifolium (C. alismifolium) tubers are used in the management of diabetes. This research evaluated the effect of ethylacetate extract of C. alismifolium (EACA) on microvascular complications and the possible association of oxidative stress and aldose reductase in type 2 diabetic rats.

Methods

C. alismifolium tubers were subjected to sequential extraction until ethylacetate extract was obtained using a soxhlet apparatus. The LD50 was determined using the OECD 425 guideline. The animals were placed on high fat diet for 42 days and then induced with hyperglycaemia using 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Diabetic neuropathy was evaluated using thermal and mechanical methods. Serum was used for the assessment of oxidative stress markers and biochemical markers of retinopathy and nephropathy. Serum aldose reductase was investigated by utilizing the principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The median lethal dose of EACA was assessed to be above 5,000 mg/kg and it caused no mortality. Treatment with EACA significantly reduced the withdrawal times in both thermal and mechanical hyperalgesic methods (p<0.05). EACA also significantly reduced the levels of urea (p<0.001), albumin (p<0.05) and uric acid (p<0.001) in hyperglycaemic rats. EACA significantly decreased the amounts of low density lipoprotein and triglycerides (p<0.001). There was a remarkable elevation in the levels of high density lipoprotein (p<0.05). A significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of magnesium was observed in the EACA-treated groups. EACA significantly increased catalase (p<0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde levels (p<0.05). The levels of aldose reductase was significantly (p<0.001) reduced by EACA compared to the hyperglycaemic control.

Conclusions
The ethylacetate extract of C. alismifolium has beneficial effects in alleviating microvascular complications of diabetes through the inhibition of oxidative stress and aldose reductase in diabetic rats.
In vitro effects of 95% khat ethanol extract (KEE) on human recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5
Authors: Lim Sharoen Yu Ming , Alshagga Mustafa Ahmed , Alshawsh Mohammed Abdullah , Ong Chin Eng , Pan Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Khat, a natural amphetamine-like psychostimulant plant, are widely consumed globally. Concurrent intake of khat and xenobiotics may lead to herb-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study is a continuation of our previous study, targeted to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effects of khat ethanol extract (KEE) on human cytochrome (CYP) 1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A5, major human drug metabolizing enzymes.

Methods

In vitro fluorescence enzyme assays were employed to assess CYPs inhibition with the presence and absence of various KEE concentrations.

Results
KEE reversibly inhibited CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5 but not CYP1A2 with IC50 values of 25.5, 99, 4.5, 21, 27, 17, and 10 μg/mL respectively. No irreversible inhibition of KEE on all the eight CYPs were identified. The Ki values of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5 were 20.9, 85, 4.8, 18.3, 59.3, 3, and 21.7 μg/mL, respectively. KEE inhibited CYP2B6 via competitive or mixed inhibition; CYP2E1 via un-competitive or mixed inhibition; while CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2J2 and CYP3A5 via non-competitive or mixed inhibition.

Conclusions
Caution should be taken by khat users who are on medications metabolized by CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, and CYP3A5.
Cancel Culture in the Middle Ages
Authors: Eriksen Stefka G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore how non-Christian deities are described, in comparison to the Christian God, in three Old Norse texts, belonging to different genres: Heimskringla, Barlaams saga og Jósafats, Elíss saga ok Rosamundu. These texts describe the pantheons of the Nordic cultures, the Babylonians, the Greeks, the Egyptians, and the Saracens. The main question that I discuss is whether these texts may be seen as transmitting useful knowledge and information about these religions and pantheons to their Nordic audiences or whether they are meant to mainly serve the mandate of their Christian authors. I interpret my results by deploying cognitive literary theory and the concept of mentalization. To conclude, I discuss whether the way non-Christian deities are described may be seen as a mental guide for Old Norse readers to practise mentalization according to the Christian empathetic scripts, in order to reach a deeper cognitive and religious conviction and thus strengthen their Christian identities and communities during the times of the Crusades.
The Ḥawqala and the Syriac Version of Zechariah: 4.6b
Authors: Harvey Elon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The popular Islamic formula known as the ḥawqala (lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata illā bi-Llāh) is first attested in Ḥadīth and other written sources from around the eighth century CE. A similar formula is Q: 18 (al-Kahf).39b (lā quwwata illā bi-Llāh). Some scholars in the first Islamic centuries were concerned that the non-Qurʾānic ḥawqala would be more venerated than Q: 18.39b or confused with it. In this essay, I suggest in what respect the ḥawqala is related to Q: 18.39b. I argue that the ḥawqala is perhaps influenced by Zech: 4.6b (lō be-ḥayil we-lō be-koʾaḥ kī im be-rūḥī) and its Syriac version. Past scholars have noted the similarity between the ḥawqala and Zech: 4.6b, but the exact relation between these two phrases has not been fully explored. I therefore discuss the linguistic and thematic similarities between both phrases and note some Islamic traditions in which the ḥawqala is said to be of Biblical provenance. By this, I show that there is good reason to suspect that the ḥawqala is partly influenced by Zech: 4.6b and its Syrac version, and that this probably occurred at an early stage in the development of Islam when Jewish scripture was more regularly consulted as a means of confirming Islamic revelation.
Ultra-fast and effective ultrasonic synthesis of potassium borate: Santite
Authors: İla Sibel , Kipcak Azmi Seyhun , Derun Emek Moroydor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a potassium borate compound of santite is synthesized at 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C reaction temperature for 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 min reaction time by using eight different raw material combinations of K2CO3, KNO3, NaOH, H3BO3, B2O3, Na2B4O9·5H2O, and Na2B4O9·10H2O. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis synthesized potassium borate compound is identified as “santite (KB5O8·4H2O)” with powder diffraction file no. 01-072-1688. Raman spectroscopy results showed that the synthesized compound consists of typical boron mineral bands, and the spectra obtained were in mutual agreement with potassium borate, according to the literature. Scanning electron microscopic morphologies showed that obtained santite has different particle shapes as the raw material combination changed and the particle sizes are found between 305 nm and 2.03 µm. Overall reaction yields are found between 76.11% and 99.26%, even such lower reaction times with respect to the literature.
Comparison of microstructure and wear behaviors of PTA coated AISI 304 with alumina, boron and ekaboron III powder
Authors: Imak Anil , Kirik Ihsan , Kilic Musa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, three different powder (alumina, boron, and ekaboron III) combinations were coated on the austenitic stainless steel surface by the PTA welding method. The microstructure and wear resistances of the composites coating obtained under different parameters and coating layer were comparison and analyzed. The microstructure, microhardness, and abrasion resistance of different powder coatings were compared and systematically investigated. It has been found that successful bonding is present in almost all of the coatings made and the microstructure of all sample were different. However, the highest hardness values (alumina, ekaboron III and boron) were measured as 1133, 1154, and 1220 HV, respectively. Trying to find the most suitable coatings by comparing different commonly used powders has been the main goal in this study.
Crashworthiness design of heat treated vehicle parts with tailored properties
Authors: Öztürk İsmail 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a boron steel bumper beam’s crashworthiness performance with three different hardness values and six different bumper beam designs with tailored properties was compared in passenger safety. Peak crushing force and energy absorption values of the beams were examined by frontal impact simulations. Minimum peak crushing force value was obtained with the O25 heat treated beam, the front side O25 and rear side T500 heat treated beam and the front side T500 and rear side O25 heat treated beam. The Front side T25 and rear side O25 heat treated beam gave the highest energy absorption value. Single and multi-objective optimization studies were conducted to maximize energy absorption and minimize peak crushing force for this beam with tailored properties. The optimal beam improved the impact performance of the structure. Therefore, this beam can be used in front bumper beam design to improve passive safety.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two xanthones derivatives isolated from the leaves extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae)
Authors: Nkouam Francine Tsopjio , Momeni Jean , Fadimatou Epse Abdourahman , Monde Gaye , Tsopmejio Jean Paul , Tchamango Serge Raoul , Ngassoum Martin Benoît 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Phytochemical investigations on the dechlorophyllated extract of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae) leaves have enabled the isolation of two xanthones derivatives: 1,8-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyxanthone (1) and 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (2) known, respectively, as swertiaperenin (1) and decussatin (2), but isolated here for the first time from this plant. The structures of these compounds were investigated by rigorous analysis of their one- and two-dimensional NMR spectral data. Compounds (1) and (2) were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method (DPPH°); the reducing power of iron III (FRAP) and antibacterial activity by the solid diffusion method on three bacteria strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus). The results obtained show that the two compounds have good antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Obviously, swertiaperenin and decussatin are among the active secondary’s metabolites responsible for the biological activity of A. schweinfurthii Gild recognized by the Cameroonian populations.
Leverage Shocks: Firm-Level Evidence on Debt Overhang and Investment
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Miryugin Fedor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The global economy is in the midst of an unprecedented slump caused by the coronavirus pandemic. This systemic risk like no other at a time of record-breaking debt levels, especially among non-financial firms across the world, could exacerbate corporate vulnerabilities, deepen macro-financial instability, and cause long-lasting damage to economic potential. Using data on more than 3.7 million non-financial firms from 58 countries during the period 1997–2019, we develop a two-pronged approach to investigate the relationship between corporate leverage and fixed investment spending. The empirical analysis, robust to a battery of sensitivity checks, confirm corporate leverage is highly vulnerable to disruptions in profitability and cash flow at the firm level and economic growth at the aggregate level. These findings imply that corporate debt overhang could become a strenuous burden on non-financial firms, especially if the COVID-19 pandemic lingers and global downturn becomes protracted.