bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a benign colon tumour in the free colon flap after the oesophageal reconstruction
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet Emin Cem , Mousavi Seyed Abolghasem , Chen Shih‐Heng , Lu Ting‐Yu , Weng Hui‐ching , Chen Hung‐chi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimA case is presented of benign tumour development after 30 years in a patient who underwent colon flap following corrosive injury.Case ReportThe patient was a 54‐year‐old female with a history of accidental corrosive injury in 1984. The patient underwent total gastrectomy, and oesophageal reconstruction with forearm flap for pharyngeal and colon segment interposition. Thirty years after the surgery, the patient was referred to us with progressive dysphagia. After an obstruction was found, it was decided to surgically explore the upper end of the colon, where a tumour was then found. The tumour was narrowing distally behind the sternum. The colon segment was removed. After that, the oesophageal reconstruction was accomplished by the free jejunal flap.ConclusionWe think that barium oesophagography and/or endoscopy should be performed sporadically as it is carried out commonly for an adult in colon cancer screening. The patients should be informed about this in postoperative follow‐up.
Evaluation of the nutritional quality of ultra‐processed foods (ready to eat + fast food): Fatty acids, sugar, and sodium
Authors: Maldonado‐Pereira Lisaura , Barnaba Carlo , de Los Campos Gustavo , Medina‐Meza Ilce Gabriela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe average American consumes more than 50% of their total dietary energy from ultra‐processed foods (UPFs). From a nutritional standpoint, as UPFs intake increases, fiber, vitamin, and mineral intake decrease. High consumption of UPFs, mainly from fast foods (FF) and ready‐to‐eat (RTE) food items, emerges as a critical public health concern linking nutritional quality and food safety. In the present work, a systematic database of the fatty acid composition of the most consumed UPFs in the Midwest is reported. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant in RTE (42.5%) and FF (43.2%), respectively. In addition, the fatty acid profile in UPFs is reported according to six food categories: meat and poultry, eggs and derivatives, dairy products, seafood, baby foods, and others. Meat and poultry, and dairy products were the dominant food categories among UPFs. Meanwhile, polyunsaturated fatty acids were abundant in the eggs and seafood groups UPFs (61.8% and 46.4%, respectively) regardless of the food group. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in sugar content in UPFs. Caloric content was positively correlated with sodium (ρ = 0.748) and price (ρ = 0.534). The significance of this study relies on providing new quantitative data on the fat, sodium, and sugar contents of the most consumed UPFs in the Midwestern area of the United States. This information suggests paying more attention to these nutritional attributes, aiming to reduce their incorporation in UPF preparations. Additionally, more quantitative data are needed regarding other nutritional parameters such as protein and lipid degradation in UPFs.Practical ApplicationThis study provides a profile of the fatty acid composition of the most consumed UPFs in the Midwestern region of the United States, as well as correlations with fat, sodium, and sugar contents in UPFs. The information offered a new perspective on the nutrition quality of UPFs, suggesting the reduction of the incorporation of these attributes in UPFs. Additionally, it will help define priority interventions for more advanced precision nutrition, especially for vulnerable populations, for example, children and older people. The overall decrease in added sugar and sodium and the service size in UPFs will significantly improve the nutritional quality of the Western diet.
Predictive models for the growth of Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Escherichia coli in lettuce harvested on Taiwanese farms
Authors: Ndraha Nodali , Goh Ai Ping , Tran Gia Dieu , Chen Cheng‐quan , Hsiao Hsin‐I 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed at developing predictive models for Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli in lettuce iceberg (Lactuca sativa) locally grown in Taiwan. The models were developed under constant temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C) and validated under dynamic temperature conditions (18°C for 4 h, 7°C for 48 h, 23°C for 4 h). The result showed that (1) all strains were unable to grow at 5°C except for standard strain of Listeria obtained from the BCRC and (2) the growth rate of locally isolated strains of Salmonella and Listeria was higher than the standard one at certain temperature levels and lower than the growth rates of E. coli. The findings in this study enhance our understanding about the growth variability between Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli strains on vegetables locally grown in Taiwan and may be used to improve the management of proper storage temperature in the lettuce supply chain in this country. Considering the temperature recommendation for refrigerated food in Taiwan, the findings in this study therefore recommend that fresh vegetables (e.g., lettuce) should be stored at 5°C or lower to prevent the rapid growth of these microorganisms. Finally, the developed models can be used in the assessment of the microbiological risk of Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli contamination in lettuce locally grown in Taiwan.Practical ApplicationThis study developed predictive models describing the growth of Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli in lettuce locally grown in Taiwan. The models developed in this study can be used in quantitative microbial risk assessment.
Vegetation canopy height estimation in dynamic tropical landscapes with TanDEM‐X supported by GEDI data
Authors: Schlund Michael , Wenzel Arne , Camarretta Nicolò , Stiegler Christian , Erasmi Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Vegetation canopy height is a relevant proxy for aboveground biomass, carbon stock, and biodiversity. Wall‐to‐wall information of canopy height with high spatial resolution and accuracy is not yet available on large scales. For the globally consistent TanDEM‐X data, simplifications are necessary to estimate canopy height with semi‐empirical models based on polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PolInSAR).

We trained the semi‐empirical models with sampled GEDI data, because the assumptions behind the application of such simplifications are not always valid for TanDEM‐X. General linear as well as sinc models and empirical parameterizations of these models were applied to estimate the canopy height in tropical landscapes of Sumatra, Indonesia. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) data were consistently used as an independent reference. The general simplified models were compared with the trained empirical versions to assess the potential improvement of the empirical parameterization of the models. The residuals of the different canopy height models were further evaluated in relation to land use and structural information of the vegetation.

Our results indicated that the empirical parameters substantially improved the estimation from a root‐mean‐square‐error (RMSE) of 10.3 m (55.8%) to 8.8 m (47.7%), when using the linear model. In contrast, the improvement of the sinc model with empirical parameters was not substantial compared to the general sinc model (7.4 m [40.4%] vs. 6.9 m [37.5%]). A consistent improvement was observed in the linear model, whereas the improvement of the sinc model was dependent on the land‐use type. Structural attributes like the canopy height itself and vegetation cover had a significant effect on the accuracies, with higher and denser vegetation generally resulting in higher residuals.

We demonstrate the potential of the combined exploitation of the TanDEM‐X and GEDI missions for a wall‐to‐wall canopy height estimation in a tropical region. This study provides relevant findings for a consistent mapping of vegetation canopy height in tropical landscapes and on large scales with spaceborne laser and SAR data.
Changes over time in characteristics, resource use and outcomes among ICU patients with COVID‐19—A nationwide, observational study in Denmark
Authors: Haase Nicolai , Plovsing Ronni , Christensen Steffen , Poulsen Lone M. , Brøchner Anne C. , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Helleberg Marie , Jensen Jens U. S. , Andersen Lars P. K. , Siegel Hanna , Ibsen Michael , Jørgensen Vibeke L. , Winding Robert , Iversen Susanne , Pedersen Henrik P. , Madsen Jacob , Sølling Christoffer , Garcia Ricardo S. , Michelsen Jens , Mohr Thomas , Michagin George , Espelund Ulrick S. , Bundgaard Helle , Kirkegaard Lynge , Smitt Margit , Buck David L. , Ribergaard Niels‐Erik , Pedersen Helle S. , Christensen Birgitte V. , Nielsen Lone P. , Clapp Esben , Jonassen Trine B. , Weihe Sarah , la Cour Kirstine , Nielsen Frederik M. , Madsen Emilie K. , Haberlandt Trine N. , Meier Nick , Perner Anders 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCharacteristics and care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID‐19 may have changed during the pandemic, but longitudinal data assessing this are limited. We compared patients with COVID‐19 admitted to Danish ICUs in the first wave with those admitted later.MethodsAmong all Danish ICU patients with COVID‐19, we compared demographics, chronic comorbidities, use of organ support, length of stay and vital status of those admitted 10 March to 19 May 2020 (first wave) versus 20 May 2020 to 30 June 2021. We analysed risk factors for death by adjusted logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong all hospitalised patients with COVID‐19, a lower proportion was admitted to ICU after the first wave (13% vs. 8%). Among all 1374 ICU patients with COVID‐19, 326 were admitted during the first wave. There were no major differences in patient's characteristics or mortality between the two periods, but use of invasive mechanical ventilation (81% vs. 58% of patients), renal replacement therapy (26% vs. 13%) and ECMO (8% vs. 3%) and median length of stay in ICU (13 vs. 10 days) and in hospital (20 vs. 17 days) were all significantly lower after the first wave. Risk factors for death were higher age, larger burden of comorbidities (heart failure, pulmonary disease and kidney disease) and active cancer, but not admission during or after the first wave.ConclusionsAfter the first wave of COVID‐19 in Denmark, a lower proportion of hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 were admitted to ICU. Among ICU patients, use of organ support was lower and length of stay was reduced, but mortality rates remained at a relatively high level.
Precision livestock agriculture and productive efficiency: The case of milk recording in Ireland
Authors: Parikoglou Iordanis , Emvalomatis Grigorios , Thorne Fiona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of precision livestock agriculture and, in particular, milk recording, on the productive efficiency of Irish dairy farms. We use a micropanel of farms that covers the period 2008–2017 and a dynamic stochastic frontier (DSF) model to account for the dependence of efficiency on past values. This allows us to distinguish between short‐ and long‐run effects of precision livestock agriculture practices on technical efficiency (TE). We provide evidence that the Irish dairy sector experienced fast productivity growth in the period covered by the data, which was achieved mostly through technical change (TC) and efficiency improvements, but not due to scale effects (SEs) at the farm level. Furthermore, our results show that precision livestock agriculture in the form of milk recording contributed to a more efficient use of resources. Specifically, use of milk recording is found to affect positively TE in both the short and long run. Finally, we provide policy implications and directions for future research.
Quality indicators for home‐ and community‐based aged care: A critical literature review to inform policy directions
Authors: Foong Hui Yuan , Siette Joyce , Jorgensen Mikaela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesAustralia is lagging behind other countries in implementing quality indicators (QIs) in home‐ and community‐based aged care. This research aimed to identify and appraise home care QI sets used internationally for older adults, to inform the future development and utilisation of QIs in the Australian context.MethodsA systematic search of eligible studies outlining the development and validation of home care QI sets for older adults was undertaken. QIs were categorised using the Donabedian model to identify potential gaps in coverage of key areas of care quality. Each QI was classified as potentially “derivable” or not from existing national routinely collected datasets. Methodological quality was determined using the Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation instrument.ResultsThree sets of home care QIs developed and used internationally for older adults were identified. Two of the QI sets focused predominantly on clinical and functional aspects of care. Of 45 unique QIs, the majority were outcome measures (93%), with only three QIs measuring care processes (7%), and zero indicators measuring quality in terms of the structure of care (e.g., waiting time to access services). Nearly half of the individual indicators identified would require Australian home care providers to undertake additional data collection. There were significant methodological limitations in the development of QI sets, particularly in the scientific evidence domain.ConclusionsThis review identified important gaps in existing QI sets, which should be considered by policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders when developing and applying QIs in the Australian setting.
The impact of type 2 immunity and allergic diseases in atherosclerosis
Authors: Fernández‐Gallego Nieves , Castillo‐González Raquel , Méndez‐Barbero Nerea , López‐Sanz Celia , Obeso David , Villaseñor Alma , Escribese María M. , López‐Melgar Beatriz , Salamanca Jorge , Benedicto‐Buendía Amparo , Jiménez‐Borreguero Luis Jesús , Ibañez Borja , Sastre Joaquín , Belver María Teresa , Vega Francisco , Blanco Carlos , Barber Domingo , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco , de la Fuente Hortensia , Martín Pilar , Esteban Vanesa , Jiménez‐Saiz Rodrigo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAllergic diseases are allergen‐induced immunological disorders characterized by the development of type 2 immunity and IgE responses. The prevalence of allergic diseases has been on the rise alike cardiovascular disease (CVD), which affects arteries of different organs such as the heart, the kidney and the brain. The underlying cause of CVD is often atherosclerosis, a disease distinguished by endothelial dysfunction, fibrofatty material accumulation in the intima of the artery wall, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and Th1 inflammation. The opposed T‐cell identity of allergy and atherosclerosis implies an atheroprotective role for Th2 cells by counteracting Th1 responses. Yet, the clinical association between allergic disease and CVD argues against it. Within, we review different phases of allergic pathology, basic immunological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the clinical association between allergic diseases (particularly asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and food allergy) and CVD. Then, we discuss putative atherogenic mechanisms of type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation including acute allergic reactions (IgE, IgG1, mast cells, macrophages and allergic mediators such as vasoactive components, growth factors and those derived from the complement, contact and coagulation systems) and late phase inflammation (Th2 cells, eosinophils, type 2 innate‐like lymphoid cells, alarmins, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐13 and IL‐17).
Paediatric pelvic fractures – an updated literature review
Authors: Nguyen Alexander T. M. , Drynan David P. , Holland Andrew J. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPelvic fractures in children are indicative of significant trauma. Patients will often have associated injuries – some of which require urgent intervention to prevent death and disability. Paediatric and adult pelvises respond to traumatic forces differently and distinct approaches are required for each population. Historically, pelvic fractures have been treated conservatively, but this trend is changing with a better understanding of the pelvis' inability to remodel significant deformity, as well as new techniques for operative fixation.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature was conducted for articles published between 2000 and 2020 on paediatric pelvic fractures using medical databases including PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.ResultsWe included 143 studies in our literature review and summarized the incidence, pathophysiology, assessment, management and complications associated with paediatric pelvic fractures.ConclusionsThe rarity of paediatric pelvic fractures corresponds with a paucity of randomized clinical trials covering this topic. Trends such as the screening pelvic x‐ray are derived from adult populations but are now questioned in children. Other aspects of assessment and management of these children warrant such levels of scrutiny.
Making decisions affecting oneself versus others: The effect of interpersonal closeness and Dark Triad traits
Authors: Carré Jessica R. , Curtis Shelby R. , Jones Daniel N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActions that financially benefit one person may present risk to another person. For example, the payment incentives of portfolio managers and investors are often asymmetrical such that actions that benefit a portfolio manager can pose financial risk to clients. Despite the presence and potential harm of these asymmetries, few have addressed the question of who exploits these asymmetries and how to mitigate potential harm. Our study examined the effect of selfish personality traits (the Dark Triad) and interpersonal bonding on decision‐making for the self, another person, and another person with under reward asymmetry present. Results demonstrated that individuals higher in narcissism and psychopathy made risky decisions for themselves. However, when reward asymmetries were present, all three Dark Triad traits were associated with making riskier decisions for another person in order to benefit the self. There was also a significant interaction between interpersonal closeness generated through bonding and psychopathy such that bonding made the decision‐making processes of those high in psychopathy less risky for others. These findings have implications for how different individuals with different relationships make self and other‐based financial decisions, and how those decisions change when rewards are asymmetrical.
Integrating artificial intelligence into haematology training and practice: Opportunities, threats and proposed solutions
Authors: Chai Shang Yuin , Hayat Amjad , Flaherty Gerard Thomas 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThere remains a limited emphasis on the use beyond the research domain of artificial intelligence (AI) in haematology and it does not feature significantly in postgraduate medical education and training. This perspective article considers recent developments in the field of AI research in haematology and anticipates the potential benefits and risks associated with its deeper integration into the specialty. Anxiety towards the greater use of AI in healthcare stems from legitimate concerns surrounding data protection, lack of transparency in clinical decision‐making, and erosion of the doctor–patient relationship. The specialty of haematology has successfully embraced multiple disruptive innovations. We are at the cusp of a new era of closer integration of AI into routine haematology practice that will ultimately benefit patient care but to harness its benefits the next generation of haematologists will need access to bespoke learning opportunities with input from data scientists.
Linking measures to mechanisms of action: An expert opinion study
Authors: Cornelius Talea , Derby Lilly , Connell Bohlen Lauren , Birk Jeffrey L. , Rothman Alexander J. , Johnston Marie , Michie Susan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to integrate the NIH Science of Behaviour Change (SOBC) measures repository comprising measures of putative mechanisms with mechanisms of action (MoA) identified by the Human Behaviour‐Change Project (HBCP).DesignParticipants were 30 international experts recruited from professional networks and societies. In three anonymous virtual rounds, experts established consensus on hypothesized links between 26 MoAs and 44 self‐report measures.MethodsIn Round 1, experts completed a survey rating agreement with 84 pre‐identified measure‐MoA links and suggested new links. In Round 2, experts discussed 10 links in an online forum, including pre‐identified links with <50% agreement and new links suggested by 20–50% of experts. In Round 3, experts completed a survey rating all links eligible for discussion in Round 2.ResultsTwenty‐seven experts completed Round 1, 23 completed Round 2 and 18 completed Round 3. In Round 1, 82 of 84 pre‐identified links reached >50% agreement and 14 new links were suggested by >50% of experts. In Round 2, experts discussed measure‐MoA links and measurement quality. In Round 3, 71 of 96 links reached ≥50% agreement. A total of 167 links reached >50% expert agreement, 33 of which reached ≥90% agreement.ConclusionBy identifying putative mechanisms (HBCP) for the 44 self‐report measures (SOBC), this study advances the cumulation of scientific results and interoperability of resources to facilitate process research.
Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non‐breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland
Authors: Palacios Eduardo , Vargas Jonathan , Fernández Guillermo , Reiter Matthew E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShorebird populations have declined due to several threats throughout their annual cycle. Anthropogenic disturbance is one of the most ubiquitous threats to shorebird conservation in North America. Here, we studied the influence of human disturbance on shorebird community dynamics during migration and winter in Ensenada de La Paz, a subtropical coastal wetland in Mexico. We used negative binomial generalized linear mixed models to investigate the associations between spatial, biological, and anthropogenic variation and local shorebird abundance that accounted for shorebird body size (small, medium, and large) and foraging strategy (visual and tactile) of 22 shorebird species. After controlling for these different correlates of abundance, human disturbance (people, vehicles, and dogs) was negatively associated with shorebird abundance. During winter, all shorebird species were negatively related to human disturbance but positively associated with presence of raptors. However, small, tactile foraging birds exhibited a proportionally larger negative response to human disturbance than other shorebird types, indicative of guild‐level sensitivities to human disturbance regimes. The positive association between shorebird abundance and disturbance from predators was unexpected. Shorebirds likely concentrate in large groups to reduce predation risk, resulting in higher densities of shorebirds occurring in areas with high predation risk. Understanding factors influencing the abundance and habitat use of shorebirds on their non‐breeding grounds is paramount to support management and conservation policies for shorebirds and their habitats.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.