bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The trunk–tail junctional region in Ciona larvae autonomously expresses tail-beating bursts at ∼20 second intervals
Authors: Hara Takashi , Hasegawa Shuya , Iwatani Yasushi , Nishino Atsuo S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Swimming locomotion in aquatic vertebrates, such as fish and tadpoles, is expressed through neuron networks in the spinal cord. These networks are arranged in parallel, ubiquitously distributed and mutually coupled along the spinal cord to express undulation patterns accommodated to various inputs into the networks. While these systems have been widely studied in vertebrate swimmers, their evolutionary origin along the chordate phylogeny remains unclear. Ascidians, representing a sister group of vertebrates, give rise to tadpole larvae that swim freely in seawater. In the present study, we examined the locomotor ability of the anterior and posterior body fragments of larvae of the ascidian Ciona that had been cut at an arbitrary position. Examination of more than 200 fragments revealed a necessary and sufficient body region that spanned only ∼10% of the body length and included the trunk–tail junction. ‘Mid-piece’ body fragments, which included the trunk–tail junctional region, but excluded most of the anterior trunk and posterior tail, autonomously expressed periodic tail-beating bursts at ∼20 s intervals. We compared the durations and intervals of tail-beating bursts expressed by mid-piece fragments, and also by whole larvae under different sensory conditions. The results suggest that body parts outside the mid-piece effect shortening of swimming intervals, particularly in the dark, and vary the burst duration. We propose that Ciona larvae express swimming behaviors by modifying autonomous and periodic locomotor drives that operate locally in the trunk–tail junctional region.
The efficacy of sampling strategies for estimating scabies prevalence
Authors: Tellioglu Nefel , Chisholm Rebecca H. , McVernon Jodie , Geard Nicholas , Campbell Patricia Therese 
Published: June 2022

Background
Estimating community level scabies prevalence is crucial for targeting interventions to areas of greatest need. The World Health Organisation recommends sampling at the unit of households or schools, but there is presently no standardised approach to scabies prevalence assessment. Consequently, a wide range of sampling sizes and methods have been used. As both prevalence and drivers of transmission vary across populations, there is a need to understand how sampling strategies for estimating scabies prevalence interact with local epidemiology to affect the accuracy of prevalence estimates.

Methods
We used a simulation-based approach to compare the efficacy of different scabies sampling strategies. First, we generated synthetic populations broadly representative of remote Australian Indigenous communities and assigned a scabies status to individuals to achieve a specified prevalence using different assumptions about scabies epidemiology. Second, we calculated an observed prevalence for different sampling methods and sizes.

Results
The distribution of prevalence in subpopulation groups can vary substantially when the underlying scabies assignment method changes. Across all of the scabies assignment methods combined, the simple random sampling method produces the narrowest 95% confidence interval for all sample sizes. The household sampling method introduces higher variance compared to simple random sampling when the assignment of scabies includes a household-specific component. The school sampling method overestimates community prevalence when the assignment of scabies includes an age-specific component.

Discussion
Our results indicate that there are interactions between transmission assumptions and surveillance strategies, emphasizing the need for understanding scabies transmission dynamics. We suggest using the simple random sampling method for estimating scabies prevalence. Our approach can be adapted to various populations and diseases.
Young children’s footwear taxonomy: An international Delphi survey of parents, health and footwear industry professionals
Authors: Williams Cylie M. , Morrison Stewart C. , Paterson Kade , Gobbi Katherine , Burton Sam , Hill Matthew , Harber Emma , Banwell Helen 
Published: June 2022

Objective
There is little consistency between commercial grade footwear brands for determining shoe sizing, and no universally accepted descriptors of common types or features of footwear. The primary aim of this research was to develop a footwear taxonomy about the agreed types of footwear commonly worn by children under the age of six. Secondary aims were to gain consensus of the common footwear features, when different types of footwear would be commonly worn, common terms for key footwear parts, and how movement at some of these footwear parts should be described.

Materials and methods
Opinions were collected through a three-round modified Delphi international online survey from parents, health professionals, researchers, and footwear industry professionals. The first survey displayed generic pictures about different footwear types and asked participants to provide a grouping term, when the footwear would be worn (for what type of activity) and any grouping features. The second and third rounds presented consensus and gathered agreement on statements.

Results
There were 121 participants who provided detailed feedback to open-ended questions. The final round resulted in consensus and agreement on the names of 14 different footwear types, when they are commonly worn and their common features. Participants also reached consensus and agreement on the terms heel counter to describe the back part of footwear and fixtures as the collective term for features allowing footwear adjustability and fastening. They also agreed on terms to quantify the flexibility at footwear sole (bend or twist) or the heel counter.

Conclusion
This first taxonomy of children’s footwear represents consensus amongst different stakeholders and is an important step in promoting consistency within footwear research. One shoe does not fit all purposes, and the recommendations from this work help to inform the next steps towards ensuring greater transparency and commonality with footwear recommendations.
Encouraging improvement in HPV vaccination coverage among adolescent girls in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Patrick Lydia , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina , Rujumba Joseph , Malande Oliver Ombeva 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
WHO recommends vaccination against HPV for girls before sexual debut. Uganda started HPV vaccination in 2008 as pilot programs in 2 districts, followed by national roll out in 2015. Despite the availability of vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) in Uganda in the period covered by the study, there was reported low HPV vaccine uptake and completion especially of the second dose in Uganda; with little information available on timely completion of HPV vaccine and the associated factors in Uganda. This study was therefore done to determine the HPV vaccine dose 2 completion and describe the possible factors associated with timely HPV vaccine completion and non-completion among girls of age 9–14 years attending the adolescent clinic at Mulago hospital.

Methods
A retrospective mixed methods study was conducted in Mulago National Referral hospital adolescent clinic. Data were mainly collected through review of charts and folders for clinic attendance by eligible girls and focus group discussions with eligible girls that completed the 2 doses of HPV vaccine on recommended/scheduled time.

Results
Out of the 201 girls studied, 87 girls (43.3%) had timely completion of the HPV vaccination. Knowledge about HPV infection and HPV vaccine benefits, positive peer influence and healthcare worker recommendation to get vaccinated at health facility level positively influenced timely completion of HPV vaccine. Among barriers to completion of HPV vaccine identified were: inadequate information about HPV infection and HPV vaccine, concerns about HPV vaccine efficacy and safety, unclear communication with adolescents/caregivers from healthcare workers and -stock out of the HPV vaccine.

Conclusion
Timely completion of the second dose of HPV vaccine among girls attending the adolescent clinic of Mulago hospital was low (at 43.3%) but higher when compared to earlier published reports. Interventions around improved social mobilization, enhanced outreach and static vaccination approach and education of eligible girls on HPV vaccination can help increase vaccine uptake.
Patient coaching: What do patients want? A mixed methods study in waiting rooms of outpatient clinics
Authors: Alders Irène , Smits Carolien , Brand Paul , van Dulmen Sandra 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Effective communication in specialist consultations is difficult for some patients. These patients could benefit from support from a coach who accompanies them to and during medical specialist consultations to improve communication in the consultation room. This study aims to investigate patients’ perspective on interest in support from a patient coach, what kind of support they would like to receive and what characterizes an ideal patient coach.

Methods
We applied a mixed method design to obtain a realistic understanding of patients’ perspectives on a patient coach. Patients in the waiting rooms of outpatient clinics were asked to fill out a short questionnaire which included questions about demographic characteristics, perceived efficacy in patient-provider interaction and patients’ interest in support from a patient coach. Subsequently, patients interested in a patient coach were asked to participate in a semi-structured interview. The quantitative data were examined using univariate analysis and the qualitative interview data were analysed using content analysis.

Results
The survey was completed by 154 patients and eight of them were interviewed. Perceived efficacy in patient-physician interactions was the only variable that showed a significant difference between patients with and without an interest in support from a patient coach. The interviews revealed that a bad communication experience was the main reason for having an interest in support from a patient coach. Before the consultation, a patient coach should take the time to get to know the patient, build trust, and help the patient create an agenda, so take the patient seriously and recognize the patient as a whole person. During the consultation, a patient coach should support the patient by intervening and mediating when necessary to elicit the patient’s agenda. After the consultation, a patient coach should be able to explain and discuss medical information and treatment consequences. An ideal patient coach should have medical knowledge, a strong personality and good communication skills.

Conclusion
Especially patients who had a bad communication experience in a specialist consultation would like support from a patient coach. The kind of support they valued most was intervening and mediating during the consultation. To build the necessary trust, patient coaches should take time to get to know the patient and take the patient seriously. Medical knowledge, good communication skills and a strong personality were considered prerequisites for patient coaches to be capable to intervene in specialist consultations.
On cospectrality of gain graphs
Authors: Cavaleri Matteo , Donno Alfredo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We define

G

G

-cospectrality of two

G

G

-gain graphs

(

Γ
,
ψ

)

\left(\Gamma ,\psi )

and

(

Γ
′
,
ψ
′

)

\left(\Gamma ^{\prime} ,\psi ^{\prime} )

, proving that it is a switching isomorphism invariant. When

G

G

is a finite group, we prove that

G

G

-cospectrality is equivalent to cospectrality with respect to all unitary representations of

G

G

. Moreover, we show that two connected gain graphs are switching equivalent if and only if the gains of their closed walks centered at an arbitrary vertex

v

v

can be simultaneously conjugated. In particular, the number of switching equivalence classes on an underlying graph

Γ

\Gamma

with

n

n

vertices and

m

m

edges, is equal to the number of simultaneous conjugacy classes of the group

G

m
−
n
+
1

{G}^{m-n+1}

. We provide examples of

G

G

-cospectral switching nonisomorphic graphs and we prove that any gain graph on a cycle is determined by its

G

G

-spectrum. Moreover, we show that when

G

G

is a finite cyclic group, the cospectrality with respect to a faithful irreducible representation implies the cospectrality with respect to any other faithful irreducible representation, and that the same assertion is false in general.
Japanese hypothetical enactment as a response to third-party complaint
Authors: Arita Yuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study examines Japanese enactment, an interactional phenomenon wherein participants in conversation act out themselves or others by utilizing specific designs of lexis, grammar, and prosody, as well as body movements. While these enactments can often be observed when a speaker depicts what someone said, did, or thought in the past, this article explores hypothetical enactments. Unlike enactments that are designed as representing real utterances and/or body movements performed in the past, hypothetical enactments are designed with linguistic and contextual features that indicate that they are fictitious. The data were drawn from a collection of video-recorded ordinary conversations in Japanese. Employing Conversation Analysis as its analytical framework, this study focuses on how Japanese speakers use hypothetical enactments to respond to co-participants’ complaints about a third party who is absent from an ongoing here-and-now interactional site (i.e., third-party complaints). The findings reveal that complaint recipients may produce hypothetical enactments as jokes or advice. When complaint recipients provide hypothetical enactments as jokes, they depict an improbable situation sarcastically. When complaint recipients provide hypothetical enactment as advice, they often demonstrate taking an alternative approach toward an antagonist. These enacted hypothetical scenarios may or may not be collaboratively extended by other participants, depending on how those participants treat the proposed scenarios.
Responsabilidad social empresarial y longevidad. El caso de microempresas del sector comercial en Palenque y Catazajá, Chiapas
Authors: García Álvarez Hugo , López Franco Verania Montserrat 
Published: June 2022

La responsabilidad social en la actualidad supone una colaboración entreempresas y comunidades, lo que implica una clara consciencia de que las acciones presentes van a repercutir en el futuro y, en ese sentido, de que la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) se encarga del bienestar entre empresa, comunidad y ambiente.
Este estudio descubrió que, en general, las microempresas de Palenque y Catazajá (n = 95) sí cumplen los tres ambitos de la responsabilidad social empresarial, con un buen balance entre lo social (3.77), lo económico (3.70) y lo medioambiental (3.87). Poco menos de la mitad de las empresas (n = 40) lleva 10 años implementando algunas de estas estrategias, lo que “apoya” la noción de que la RSE contribuye a su longevidad.
Antennal responses of black plum sawfly (Hoplocampa minuta) to European plum (Prunus domestica) flower volatiles
Authors: Kárpáti Zsolt , Molnár Béla Péter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Black plum sawfly (Hoplocampa minuta) is an important pest species of plum (Prunus domestica). In organic plum orchards, the yield loss caused by H. minuta larval damage can reach almost 100% occasionally. Adults feed on pollen and nectar of the plum flower; therefore, we hypothesize that, besides visual cues, also olfaction plays an important role in habitat and host finding. To understand the chemical communication mediated by flower volatiles to black sawflies, we investigated the chemical signals released from plum flowers, which can trigger the peripheral physiological responses of adult sawflies. First, using gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography (GC-EAD), we selected 18 physiologically active compounds from the headspace volatile collection of plum flowers, which triggered the H. minuta male and female antennae. Subsequently, we determine the volatilome of plum flower and identified those compounds, which elicited physiological responses, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). These antennally active components in flower volatiles could be candidates for potential kairomone, which could later be used for attracting males and females of H. minuta and could contribute to developing pesticide-free, effective monitoring and lure and kill strategy against this pest.
Frühmittelalterliche byzantinische Kupfermünzen aus dem Raum von Orosháza (Komitat Békés, Ungarn)
Authors: Prohászka Péter , Rózsa Zoltán 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present and analyse the 6th–7th-century Byzantine coins found at Orosháza and its surroundings. The first Byzantine coin – a follis of Justinian I – was found in Szentetornya in 1877. Using metal detectors during archaeological survey eight Byzantine coins had come to light: a follis of Justinian I, five folles, a half-follis of Justin II, and two folles of Heraclius. A greater part of them was accurately identified. Here we'll analyse their role outside the Byzantine Empire, as compared to the coin circulation in the Avar Age Carpathian Basin. We try to answer the question why Byzantine coins relatively frequently occurred at Orosháza and its surroundings.
The building of palisades and palisaded castles in Ottoman Hungary – Case studies
Authors: Kovács Gyöngyi , Sümegi Pál 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
During the period of Ottoman rule in Hungary (1541‒1686), palisaded castles of differing sizes were typical elements in the border-castle networks on both sides of the battlefront: the Ottoman and the Christian. Archaeological remains (post-holes, beam structures, parts of palisades) complement the data in the written sources, making perceptible and measurable the great quantities of timber used in the building of castles. In the case of the Ottoman palisaded castle at Barcs and in that of the royal palisaded castle at Bajcsavár (southern Transdanubia), attempts were made ‒ on the basis of archaeological observations and reconstructions of ground plans ‒ to determine the number of palisade stakes used for the walls at the time of building, as well as to establish the number of trees felled in order to make them. By way of environmental history researches, an answer was sought to the question of how much the construction of these palisaded castles impacted on the forests in their respective districts. In the case of Barcs Castle, investigations were conducted into whether forest clearance in its vicinity can be reconstructed on the basis of pollen samples. Other issues examined are how far forest clearance extended from the two fortifications, its intensity, and the approximate quantities of timber yielded by it.
The effectiveness of learning to improve students' higher-order thinking skills
Authors: Shanti Made Rai Suci , Istiyono Edi , Munadi Sudji 
Published: June 2022

Higher-order thinking skills (HOT) are expected to be skills needed now and in the future. Many learning strategies are applied to increase HOT. However, how effective is this in improving students' HOT abilities? This study will examine how effective learning is to improve HOT thinking skills. We use meta-analysis research techniques to analyze the research quantitatively. We have selected 21 articles from 60 Google Scholars that use models, media, and science learning assessments to improve HOT. Heterogeneity analysis (trim-fill, funnel plot approach, and Z value calculation) was used to prove the absence of publication bias. Forest plot analysis showed an average increase in learning effectiveness of 0.32 on the moderate effect. It shows that the effectiveness of learning is supported by strategies for using media, methods, and strategies for assessment. These factors are proven to increase the effectiveness of students' HOT abilities.

Keywords: HOTs, learning, meta-analysis;
A study on the possibility of a change in culture and arts education curriculum by shooting “METACLASSROOM” in the COIVD19 pandemic era
Authors: Yoo Ji Young , Lee Jee Hyun , Kim Yeon Soo 
Published: June 2022

This study was intended to hear from experts. Meta-classroom is a university curriculum in the field of culture and arts. The research area is a Korean university lecture room. The target audience is the master's program, doctoral program and related experts, and the departments are performing arts, media communication, and film department. Outside were educators and experts. Due to the COVID-19 environment, meta-classrooms were provided to the educational environment. The purpose is to find the Meta-classroom and the possibility of curriculum progress. The content of the curriculum consists of knowledge VR, AR, AI and big data. The research tool did a regression analysis, found to have an impact on, they are online education is 0.28 (%), metaverse classroom is 20.6 (%), knowledge system is 12.5 (%), Meta-class is overall influence 33.38 (%). It had a positive impact on a new educational curriculum in the field of culture and art.

Keywords: Metaverse classroom; Knowledge system; Interdisciplinary; COIVD19 Condition; Culture & Arts Curriculum
Public Health Nurse Tailored Home Visiting and Parenting Behavior for Families at Risk for Referral to Child Welfare Services, Colorado: 2018–2019
Authors: Huling Jared D. , Austin Robin R. , Lu Sheng-Chieh , Doran Mary M. , Swarr Vicki J. , Monsen Karen A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives. To examine public health nurse (PHN) intervention tailoring through the Colorado Nurse Support Program (NSP). Our 2 specific aims were to describe the NSP program and its outcomes and to determine the effects of modifying interventions on short- and long-term outcomes among NSP clients.Methods. In our retrospective causal investigation of 150 families in Colorado in 2018–2019, intervention effects were modeled via longitudinal modified treatment policy analyses.Results. Families served by PHNs improved in terms of knowledge, behavior, and status outcomes after receiving multidimensional, tailored home visiting interventions. Case management interventions provided in the first month of PHN home visits had lasting effects on behavior outcomes, and 2 additional case management interventions in the first month were estimated to have even more of an impact.Conclusions. Modern causal inference methods and real-world PHN data revealed a nuanced, fine-grained understanding of the real impact of tailored PHN interventions.Public Health Implications PHN programs such as the NSP and use of the Omaha System should be supported and extended to advance evaluations of intervention effectiveness and knowledge discovery and improve population health. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S3):S306–S313. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306792 )
Epidemiology of Ankle Sprain in the Active-Duty Military Population
Authors: Goodrich Ezra , Morris Brandon , Hermanns Christina , Herda Ashley , Tarakemeh Armin , Vopat Bryan 
Published: June 2022

» Ankle sprain is one of the most prevalent injuries within the military population, resulting in health-care costs, time away from active duty, and negative impacts on overall readiness.» Female service members appear to be more likely to sustain ankle sprains than male service members.» There is a need for additional research on prevention methods and rehabilitation programs for ankle sprains in the military population because the rate of ankle sprain in this population exceeds that in populations with less physically demanding lifestyles. Consequently, low-cost prevention strategies could yield substantial benefits.