bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting to Tele-Mental Health in humanitarian and crisis settings: an evaluation of Médecins Sans Frontières experience during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ibragimov Khasan , Palma Miguel , Keane Gregory , Ousley Janet , Crowe Madeleine , Carreño Cristina , Casas German , Mills Clair , Llosa Augusto ,   M. S. F. Mental Health Working Group, Marques Ana , Tijerino Ana-Maria , Droste Anneli , Echeverri Carolina , Fredj Nadja , Sleit Raghda , Sultan Sylvie Fagard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
‘Tele-Mental Health (MH) services,’ are an increasingly important way to expand care to underserved groups in low-resource settings. In order to continue providing psychiatric, psychotherapeutic and counselling care during COVID-19-related movement restrictions, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), a humanitarian medical organization, abruptly transitioned part of its MH activities across humanitarian and resource-constrained settings to remote format.

Methods
From June–July of 2020, investigators used a mixed method, sequential explanatory study design to assess MSF staff perceptions of tele-MH services. Preliminary quantitative results influenced qualitative question guide design. Eighty-one quantitative online questionnaires were collected and a subset of 13 qualitative follow-up in-depth interviews occurred.

Results
Respondents in 44 countries (6 geographic regions), mostly from Sub-Saharan Africa (39.5%), the Middle East and North Africa (18.5%) and Asia (13.6%) participated. Most tele-MH interventions depended on audio-only platforms (80%). 30% of respondents reported that more than half of their patients were unreachable using these interventions, usually because of poor network coverage (73.8%), a lack of communication devices (72.1%), or a lack of a private space at home (67.2%). Nearly half (47.5%) of respondents felt their staff had a decreased ability to provide comprehensive MH care using telecommunication platforms. Most respondents thought MH staff had a negative (46%) or mixed (42%) impression of remote care. Nevertheless, almost all respondents (96.7%) thought tele-MH services had some degree of usefulness, notably improved access to care (37.7%) and time efficiency (32.8%). Qualitative results outlined a myriad of challenges, notably in establishing therapeutic alliance, providing care for vulnerable populations and those inherent to the communications infrastructure.

Conclusion
Tele-MH services were perceived to be a feasible alternative solution to in-person therapeutic interventions in humanitarian settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they were not considered suitable for all patients in the contexts studied, especially survivors of sexual or interpersonal violence, pediatric and geriatric cases, and patients with severe MH conditions. Audio-only technologies that lacked non-verbal cues were particularly challenging and made risk assessment and emergency care more difficult. Prior to considering tele-MH services, communications infrastructure should be assessed, and comprehensive, context-specific protocols should be developed.
Genetic variation at mouse and human ribosomal DNA influences associated epigenetic states
Authors: Rodriguez-Algarra Francisco , Seaborne Robert A. E. , Danson Amy F. , Yildizoglu Selin , Yoshikawa Harunori , Law Pui Pik , Ahmad Zakaryya , Maudsley Victoria A. , Brew Ama , Holmes Nadine , Ochôa Mateus , Hodgkinson Alan , Marzi Sarah J. , Pradeepa Madapura M. , Loose Matthew , Holland Michelle L. , Rakyan Vardhman K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) displays substantial inter-individual genetic variation in human and mouse. A systematic analysis of how this variation impacts epigenetic states and expression of the rDNA has thus far not been performed.

Results
Using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing, we establish that 45S rDNA units in the C57BL/6J mouse strain exist as distinct genetic haplotypes that influence the epigenetic state and transcriptional output of any given unit. DNA methylation dynamics at these haplotypes are dichotomous and life-stage specific: at one haplotype, the DNA methylation state is sensitive to the in utero environment, but refractory to post-weaning influences, whereas other haplotypes entropically gain DNA methylation during aging only. On the other hand, individual rDNA units in human show limited evidence of genetic haplotypes, and hence little discernible correlation between genetic and epigenetic states. However, in both species, adjacent units show similar epigenetic profiles, and the overall epigenetic state at rDNA is strongly positively correlated with the total rDNA copy number. Analysis of different mouse inbred strains reveals that in some strains, such as 129S1/SvImJ, the rDNA copy number is only approximately 150 copies per diploid genome and DNA methylation levels are < 5%.

Conclusions
Our work demonstrates that rDNA-associated genetic variation has a considerable influence on rDNA epigenetic state and consequently rRNA expression outcomes. In the future, it will be important to consider the impact of inter-individual rDNA (epi)genetic variation on mammalian phenotypes and diseases.
Efficacy and safety of modified Bushen Yiqi formulas (MBYF) as an add-on to formoterol and budesonide in the management of COPD: study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial: FB-MBYF Trial
Authors: Kong Qing , Cao Yuxue , Gao Zhen , Sun Jing , Zhang Hongying , Du Yijie , Lv Yubao , Zhou Sihan , Tang Zihui , Liu Baojun , Dong Jingcheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInhaled glucocorticoid corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA), and other drugs have limited therapeutic effects on COPD with significant individual differences. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-modified Bushen Yiqi formula (MBYF) demonstrates advantages in COPD management in China. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MBYF as an add-on to budesonide/formoterol in COPD patients and confirm the related genes affecting the therapeutic effect in the treatment of COPD.MethodsIn this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, eligible patients with COPD will randomly receive a 360-day placebo or MBYF as an adjuvant to budesonide/formoterol in a 1:1 ratio and be followed up with every 2 months. The primary outcomes will be the frequency, times, and severity of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). The secondary outcomes will include the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, 6-min walking test (6MWT), BODE index, quantitative scores of syndromes classified in TCM, inflammation indices, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenaline (HPA) axis function. We will also test the genotype to determine the relationship between drugs and efficacy. All the data will be recorded in case report forms (CRFs) and analysed by SPSS V.20.0.DiscussionA randomized clinical trial design to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MBYF in COPD is described. The results will provide evidence for the combination therapy of modern medicine and TCM medicine, and individual therapy for COPD.Trial registration.Trial registrationID: ChiCTR1900026124, Prospective registration.
Diet or additional supplement to increase potassium intake: protocol for an adaptive clinical trial
Authors: Hiremath Swapnil , Fergusson Dean , Knoll Greg , Ramsay Tim , Kong Jennifer , Ruzicka Marcel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
High blood pressure is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. The prevalence of high blood pressure is steadily rising as the population grows amongst older adults with the ageing population. Therapeutical treatments are widely available to decrease blood pressures, in addition to many lifestyle options, such as dietary changes and exercise. There is a marked preference amongst patients, as reiterated by Hypertension Canada, for more research into non-therapeutic methods for controlling blood pressure or to reduce the burden of taking many pills to control high blood pressure. Indeed, effective options do exist, especially with diet, specifically decreasing sodium and increasing potassium intake. Current public health outreach primarily focusses on sodium intake, even though potassium intake remains low in the Western world. Excellent data exist in published research that increasing potassium intake, either via dietary modification or supplements, reduces blood pressure and reduces risk of cardiovascular outcomes such as stroke. However, the advice most often provided by medical professionals is to ‘eat more fruits and vegetables’ which has little impact on patient outcomes.

Methods
We propose to do a clinical trial in two stages with an adaptive trial design. In the first stage, participants with high blood pressure and proven low potassium intake (measured on the basis of a 24-h urine collection) will get individually tailored dietary advice, reinforced by weekly supportive phone/email support. At 4 weeks, if there has not been a measured increase in potassium intake, participants will be prescribed an additional potassium supplement. Testing will be conducted again at 8 weeks, to confirm the efficacy of the potassium supplement. Final measurements will be planned at 52 weeks to observe and measure the persistence of the effect of diet or additional supplement. Concurrent measurements of sodium intake, blood pressure, participant satisfaction, and safety measures will also be done.

Discussion
The results of the study will help determine the most effective method of increasing potassium intake, thus reducing blood pressure and need for blood pressure-lowering medicines, and at the same time potentially increasing participant satisfaction. The current guidelines recommend changes in diet, not a potassium supplement, to increase potassium intake; hence, the two-stage design will only add supplements if the most rigorous dietary advice does not work.

Trial registration
This study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.govNCT03809884. Registered on January 18, 2019
What Kigali’s open-air markets reveal about achieving food and nutrition security: the role of African indigenous crops
Authors: Baraka Eugene , Willis Mary S. , Ishimwe Brice A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Household dietary diversity in Rwanda remains low and significantly contributes to the double burden of malnutrition. Rwanda has one of the highest under five stunting rates globally, and malnutrition remains one of the most pressing public health issues; therefore, factors that shape food and nutrition security are of utmost concern. Globally, the variety of foods available in open-air markets has been shown to affect dietary diversity. Furthermore, the consumption of indigenous foods can contribute to a diverse diet and improve nutrition status. At present, there are limited data on foods available for purchase in open-air markets in Africa. Therefore, this study was designed to provide data on food availability in the largest open-air markets of Rwanda’s most populated city, Kigali, and to highlight which foods indigenous to Africa can be purchased.

Methods
All consumables were inventoried between October and December of 2020 in three open-air markets of Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. Consumables were organized by the site of domestication and the nutritional contents of some African indigenous crops were compared to similar non-indigenous items.

Results
A variety of raw and processed consumables was available in the open-air markets inventoried; however, only 25.8% of available species are indigenous to Africa. All Rwanda’s staples, including sweet potatoes, plantains, beans, maize, banana, and cassava, are endemic to other continents. Indigenous plant species, which are often drought-resistant and more nutritious, for example, Africa’s pineapple fruits (Myrianthus holstii), could not be purchased in Kigali’s open-air markets. Pineapple fruits are richer in iron, vitamin C, protein, and vitamin A than banana, which is the most consumed fruit in Rwanda.

Conclusions
Given rapid population growth, limited arable land, and erratic climate patterns, policies to conserve and promote indigenous species, especially those already adapted to harsh environmental conditions, should be enacted in Rwanda. The cultivation of native vegetables and fruits in home gardens, and the conservation of edible wild species, can improve dietary diversity and enhance food and nutrition security across the entire country.
CAF indices and human ratings of oral performances in an opinion-based monologue task
Authors: Ogawa Chie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study explored two assessment approaches to oral performances: analytical complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) indices and human raters’ evaluations. CAF indices are frequently used in second-language speaking (L2) research; however, because tasks are communicative and goal-oriented, the degree to which students achieve such communicative goals must also be included. By incorporating human ratings of monologue organization and perceived CAF into speaking assessments, researchers can better understand the relationship between the analytical CAF indices and human ratings of a monologue task. The participants consisted of 48 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in a Japanese university. Their oral performances of 2-min opinion-based monologues were audio-recorded and then transcribed and analyzed using CAF measures. In addition, 11 human raters evaluated the same recordings in terms of the following criteria: topic organization, complexity, accuracy, and fluency. These ratings were then analyzed using the many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM). Multiple linear regression results showed that fluency accounted for a significant amount of the human ratings, but other measures (lexis, complexity, accuracy) explained only a small portion of the variance. This study concluded with implications regarding L2 testing in speaking assessments.
What does it mean to “go beyond race”?
Authors: Osanami Törngren Sayaka , Suyemoto Karen L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this commentary piece, we argue that we must interrogate the meaning of race and examine why and how racedoesmatter in different societies across contexts before we can even consider moving “beyond race.” We understand race as fundamentally related to power, privilege, and oppression; we discuss how we cannot go “beyond race” in the face of persistent racisms, hierarchies and maintenance of power and privilege. We address that demographic changes in itself does not bring us “beyond race” and the importance of active policies and political mobilization through addressing race as an analytical category is necessary to go “beyond racism.”
PPP–RTK functional models formulated with undifferenced and uncombined GNSS observations
Authors: Zhang Baocheng , Hou Pengyu , Zha Jiuping , Liu Teng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTechnique PPP–RTK combines the advantages of both the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning. With the emergence of multi-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, it is preferable to formulate PPP–RTK functional models based on original (undifferenced and uncombined) observations. While there exist many variants of the undifferenced and uncombined PPP–RTK models, a unified theoretical framework needs developing to link these variants. In this contribution, we formulate a class of undifferenced and uncombined PPP–RTK functional models in a systematic way and cast them in a unified framework. This framework classifies the models into a code-plus-phase category and a phase-only category. Each category covers a variety of measurement scenarios on the network side, ranging from small-, medium- to large-scale networks. For each scenario, special care has been taken of the distinct ionospheric constraints and the difference between Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) signals. The key to systematically formulating these models lies in how to deal with the rank deficiency problems encountered. We opt for the Singularity-basis (S-basis) theory, giving rise to the full-rank observation equations in which the estimable parameters turn out to be the functions of original parameters and those selected as the S-basis. In the sequel, it becomes straightforward to derive for each scenario the user model as it, more or less, amounts to the single-receiver network model. Benefiting from the presented theoretical framework, the relationships and differences between various undifferenced and uncombined PPP–RTK models become clear, which can lead to the better use of these models in a specific situation.
Effect of an Antiracism Intervention on Racial Disparities in Time to Lung Cancer Surgery
Authors: Charlot Marjory , Stein Jacob Newton , Damone Emily , Wood Isabella , Forster Moriah , Baker Stephanie , Emerson Marc , Samuel-Ryals Cleo , Yongue Christina , Eng Eugenia , Manning Matthew , Deal Allison , Cykert Samuel 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE Timely lung cancer surgery is a metric of high-quality cancer care and improves survival for early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer. Historically, Black patients experience longer delays to surgery than White patients and have lower survival rates. Antiracism interventions have shown benefits in reducing racial disparities in lung cancer treatment. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of Accountability for Cancer Care through Undoing Racism and Equity, an antiracism prospective pragmatic trial, at five cancer centers to assess the impact on overall timeliness of lung cancer surgery and racial disparities in timely surgery. The intervention consisted of (1) a real-time warning system to identify unmet care milestones, (2) race-specific feedback on lung cancer treatment rates, and (3) patient navigation. The primary outcome was surgery within 8 weeks of diagnosis. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using log-binomial regression and adjusted for clinical and demographic factors. RESULTS A total of 2,363 patients with stage I and II non–small-cell lung cancer were included in the analyses: intervention (n = 263), retrospective control (n = 1,798), and concurrent control (n = 302). 87.1% of Black patients and 85.4% of White patients in the intervention group ( P = .13) received surgery within 8 weeks of diagnosis compared with 58.7% of Black patients and 75.0% of White patients in the retrospective group ( P < .01) and 64.9% of Black patients and 73.2% of White patients ( P = .29) in the concurrent group. Black patients in the intervention group were more likely to receive timely surgery than Black patients in the retrospective group (RR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.64). White patients in the intervention group also had timelier surgery than White patients in the retrospective group (RR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18). CONCLUSION Accountability for Cancer Care through Undoing Racism and Equity is associated with timelier lung cancer surgery and reduction of the racial gap in timely surgery.
Activity Monitoring for Toxicity Detection and Management in Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation for Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors: Shah Nishant K. , Kim Kristine N. , Grewal Amardeep , Wang Xingmei , Ben-Josef Edgar , Plastaras John P. , Metz James M. , Goel Arun , Taunk Neil K. , Shabason Jacob E. , Lukens John N. , Berman Abigail T. , Wojcieszynski Andrzej P. 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE: Physical activity is associated with decreased hospitalization during cancer treatment. We hypothesize that activity data can help identify and triage high-risk patients with GI cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study randomly assigned patients to activity monitoring versus observation. In the intervention arm, a 20% decrease in daily steps or 20% increase in heart rate triggered triage visits to provide supportive care, medication changes, and escalation of care. In the observation group, activity data were recorded but not monitored. The primary objective was to show a 20% increase in triage visits in the intervention group. Secondary objectives were estimating the rates of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were computed using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: There were 22 patients in the intervention and 18 in the observation group. Baseline patient and treatment characteristics were similar. The primary objective was met, with 3.4 more triage visits in the intervention group than in the observation group (95% CI, 2.10 to 5.50; P < .0001). Twenty-six (65.0%) patients required at least one triage visit, with a higher rate in the intervention arm compared with that in the observation arm (86.4% v 38.9%; odds ratio, 9.95; 95% CI, 2.13 to 46.56; P = .004). There was no statistically significant difference in ED visit (9.1% v 22.2%; P = .38) or hospitalization (4.5% v 16.7%; P = .31). CONCLUSION: It is feasible to use activity data to trigger triage visits for symptom management. Further studies are investigating whether automated activity monitoring can assist with early outpatient management to decrease ED visits and hospitalizations.
A Theory of Collateral Requirements for Central Counterparties
Authors: Wang Jessie Jiaxu , Capponi Agostino , Zhang Hongzhong 
Published: February 2022

This paper develops a framework for designing collateral requirements in a centrally cleared market. Clearing members post collateral—initial margins and default funds—to increase their pledgeable income, thereby committing to risk management. The two types of collateral, however, are not perfect substitutes. By achieving loss mutualization, default funds are economically more efficient than initial margins in aligning members’ incentives for risk management ex ante. The optimal mix of collateral resources balances the efficiency in providing incentives with their relative opportunity costs. Our model predicts increased use of initial margins under stringent capital requirements and of default funds under distressed market scenarios.This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Market Returns and Interim Risk in Mergers
Authors: Heath Davidson , Mitchell Mark 
Published: February 2022

A primary concern in mergers and acquisitions is the risk the deal may be cancelled before it is completed. We document that “interim risk” varies asymmetrically with the aggregate market return. Deals tend to be renegotiated when the market rises, but cancelled when the market crashes. These effects are conditional on the method of payment and the contracting stage of the deal, consistent with a mechanism of ex post renegotiation. Variation in interim risk over time alters the method of payment in mergers and the firms that are targeted and acquired. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4315 .