bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE AND EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM BAILEYI IN CHICKEN
Authors: &  et al. AL-Zubaidi 
Published: November 2022

This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of Cryptosporidiosis in 200 fecal samples from slaughtered broiler chicken carcasses in the local markets in some areas of Baghdad city (Al-Hurriya, Al -Kadhimiya and Al-Shuala), during March to May 2017. Three diagnostic techniques used (flotation by Sheather's sugar solution, staining with Modified Zeihl-Neelsen stain, and measuring of isolated Cryptosporidium oocysts by ocular micrometer) to determine the type of Cryptosporidium species, and for conform that the isolated species of parasite from infected cases belong to the C.baileyi. Experimental infection done in, 18 broiler chicken chicks aged one week divided to three groups first (G1) and second (G2) inoculated orally with, (500, 1000) oocysts per chick respectively, while the third group remain as a control (G3), than pathological lesions detected in some internal organs of infected chicks (trachea, intestine and bursa of fabricius). The study recorded a total infection rate 35% (75/200) in slaughtered broiler chicken. The result were revealed that the highest rate of infection occurs in April, reached 46% (23/50), while the lowest rate of infection in June, reached 20% (10/50). The experimental study revealed, the infection was occur in all chicks, of (G1) and (G2), and the first clinical signs appear after 7days post infection (PI) which include diarrhea, dullness, anorexia, and increased consumption of water, which represented the incubation period of the parasite, while the shedding of oocysts in feces started after 6-9days PI.
THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANTS ENZYMES AND NPK CONTENTS AS AFFECTED BY WATER QAULITY, KINETIN, BIO AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION IN LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: & Majid Altaey 
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was conducted using split – split block design to study the effect of irrigation water quality ,organic composts ,kinetin and Bio- health application on N.P.K contents and anti-oxidant enzymes activity in lettuce, The experiment included three factors ,quality of irrigation water (W) at two levels (1.2, 6.1 dS m-1 ), kind of organic composts Plam fronds and Rice wastes(20) ton /hectare , kinetin application (50 mg.L-1) and bio-health fertilizers (5 kg/ hectare). The results indicated that elevation of water salinity levels led to elevation in activity of Peroxidase POX , Catalase CAT, Malondialdehyde MDA, Superoxide dismutase SOD enzymes and proline contents in leaves, while it decrease leaves contents of ( N.P.K), Organic composts , kinetin and bio-health applications alleviated from the negative effects of saline water by increasing the (NPK) contents in leaves ,reduced POX ,CAT, MDA,SOD and proline , That possible to mitigation the negative affect of salt stress in lettuce the application of plant growth regulators , bio fertilizers and decomposed organic matter.
DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF SCORPIONS Compsobuths iraqnsis, (ARACHNIDA : BUTHIDAE) FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRAQ AND WORLD
Authors: Al-Azawii Z. N. 
Published: November 2022

A new species of the scorpions Compsobuthus iraqensis sp.nov , was described for the first time in Iraq and world which is collected from Salahuddin governorate in Iraq .This species are characterized by pedipalps and chela are very thin and very long,the sixth segments of metasoma are very tall and less in width.The body color and legs are yellowish except the end of acelus is radish ,the total length between 26-40 mm, and the rows of granules on the movable finger of pedipalp have 10 rows,The Compsobuthus. iraqensis sp. nov. is almost similar to the species Compsobuthus. persicus,(11) from Iran, which it differed by some characters , Internal granules in all rows on the movable finger of pedipalp and in the number of granular in the metasoma segment. This study for the first time is described and recorded this species.
THE EFFICIENCY OF PREPARED BIOFERTILIZER FROM LOCAL ISOLATE OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM SP ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MUNGBEAN PLANT
Authors: Alkurtany A. E.  S. , Ali S. A. M. , Mahdi W. M. 
Published: November 2022

Bradyrhizbium sp. was isolated from 40 legumes roots and soil samples collected from various agricultural areas of Iraq by growing them on yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) and identification based on culture and microscopic characteristics, biochemical and physiological test and PCR technology. A split plot experiment was carried out to study the effect of biofertilizer prepared from this isolate on the growth and yield of mungbean plant in sterile and non-sterile soil. The results showed a significant increases in all studied growth and yield traits due to biofertilization. The increase percentage for the biofertilized treatments was 159.35% and 266.66% compare to the non-fertilized treatments in the number and dry weight of nodules, respectively. The increase in dry weight of root and vegetative part were 114.28% and 86.57% respectively , while the increase in the nitrogen concentration in the vegetative part was 16.94%. The results showed that the biofertilized treatment was significantly superior in number of plant pods, total yield and protein % in seeds compare with non-biofertilized, the percentage increase was 49.44%, 90.59% and 16.86% respectively. As for sterilization, the results showed no significant differences between sterilized and non-sterile soil in all growth and yield parameters of mungbean plant. The effect of interaction was significant, the biofertilized and sterilized treatment gave the highest value for all studied traits except the concentration of nitrogen in the vegetative part.
COMPARATIVE DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF AVIAN SALMONELLOSIS IN SALAHALDEEN PROVINCE
Authors: Noomi B. S. 
Published: November 2022

The aims of this study were to detection of dominant Salmonella species that caused poultry infection Salahaddin province , and evaluation local prepared and manufactured serological kits that used in diagnosis of poultry salmonellosis, for this purpose 100 diarrheatic hen checked by culture methods, PCR, ELISA, Whole blood agglutination test and Slide agglutination test. The results showed that Salmonella isolation from hen in rate 34% , intestine is most suitable site for Salmonella isolation and Salmonella. typhimurium is most dominant spp. The sensitivity of ELISA test was 76.4%, while for other used tests were 100%. The specificity of ELISA test, Whole blood agglutination test, slide agglutination test for S. typhimurium and slide agglutination test for S enteritidis were: 80.3%, 86.3%,77.9% and 66.6% respectively.
ROLE OF SPCIALIZED ASSOCIATION IN BEEKEEBER DEVELOPMENT IN SOME CENTRAL AND SOUTHREN GOVERNORATER OF IRAQ
Authors: & Naji Al –khfaji 
Published: November 2022

The objective of this research was to identify the roles played by the specialized beekeepers associations in the central and southern governorates of Iraq in the following fields .Data management, extension, equipment, coordination, marketing, encourage of innovation , as well as to identify the problems facing the specialized associations ,from sample of 122 respondents ( All members of the board of the specialized associations of 40 respondents,and random sample of 18% of beekeepers belonging to these associations of 457 beekeepers and 82 respondents). The results of the research concluded that the percentage of specialized associations for these roles was 80%, 83%, 56.25%, 75.6%, 54.5% and 75.4% degree respectively. The weighted average of the level of services provided to beekeepers in the above mentioned fields except for the field of data and information management , 1.54 , 1.11 , 1.49 , 0.96 , 1.31 degree and on the next The results of the research found that the problem of lack of funding sources for the association to perform the tasks required came first with a weighted average 1.97 degree and a percentage weight 98.5% degree
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND FERTILIZING WITH HUMIC ACID ON GROWTH , YIELD, AND STORAGE ABILITY OF POTATO TUBERS.
Authors: & Al-a'amry Saaseea 
Published: November 2022

Two experiments were carried out, the first at the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during spring season 2017 Everest cv. class (Elite) was used to study the effect of foliar application of calcium and magnesium and addition of humic acid to the soil on potato growth and yield, The layout of the experiment was factorial within RCBD design using three replicates. Calcium and Magnesium sprayed with concentrations (0, 500, 1000 mg.L-1), while the humic acid was added to the soil with (0, 0.75 gm.m2), The second experiment included storage of tubers produced from the spring season, with to study the effect of field treatments on improving the storability of the tubers. The results showed that the treatment of calcium spray was superior a concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 in plant height, leaf area, weight of tuber, plant yield and protein % in tubers after storage and reduced the percentage of damaged in tubers stored by 1.57%. The magnesium spray treatment with 1000 mg. L-1 exceeded the number of leaves, leaf area, number of tubers per plant, plant yield, the accumulation of dry matter and the percentage of protein in the stored tubers. Humic acid with 0.75 gm.m2 was superior in the plant height , the tuber weight and the single plant yield , the concentration of dry matter and the protein percentage in the stored tubers produced. The interaction treatment (500 mg.L-1 calcium + 0.75 gm2 of Humic acid + 0 mg.L-1 of Mg) was superior in the single plant yield which 1.28 kg.plant-1.
EVALUATION OF USED EXUDATIVE IRRIGATION TUBES AND DRIP IRRIGATION FOR SOME SOIL WATER PARAMETERS AND CONSUMPTIVE USE OF CUCUMBER
Authors: & et al. Aldulaimy 
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2017 at AL-Ramadi district, AL-Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The research was conducted in a silty Loam soil, to evaluate of the performance and used exudative irrigation tubes for previous season compared to drip irrigation in some hydraulic parameters: Irrigation systems, moisture distribution, Application efficiency cucumber crop factor of the and cucumber yield. The experiment was conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed an increase in uniformity coefficient at drip irrigation as it reached 97% compared with 96.2% for exudation, with variation percentage of 8.33% for drip irrigation and 11.32% for irrigation of exudative. Moisture content decreased with distance from emitters horizontally for the three growth stages and irrigation methods. Cucumber water consumptive use was 356.32 mm for exudative irrigation compared with 456.6 mm for drip irrigation with decrease 21.96 %. Exudative irrigation method significantly increased in WUE as it reached to 15.29 kg m-3 compared with 13.13 kg m-3 for drip irrigation with an increase of 12.82%. The result showed an increment in irrigation efficiency giving 89.12% for drip irrigation compared with 85.88% for exudative irrigation with an increase 3.64%. The crop factor was 0.61, 0.66, 0.77, and 0.51 for the initial vegetative growth stage, second vegetative growth stage, start of flowering and fruit set and end flowering and fruit set respectively.
On the hit problem for the polynomial algebra and the algebraic transfer
Authors: Võ Phúc Đặng 
Published: November 2022

<p>Let $\mathcal A$ be the classical, singly-graded Steenrod algebra over the prime order field $\mathbb F_2$ and let $P^{\otimes h}: = \mathbb F_2[t_1, \ldots, t_h]$ denote the polynomial algebra on $h$ generators, each of degree $1.$ Write $GL_h$ for the usual general linear group of rank $h$ over $\mathbb F_2.$ Then, $P^{\otimes h}$ is an $\mathcal A[GL_h]$-module. As well known, the (mod 2) cohomology groups of the Steenrod algebra, ${\rm Ext}_{\mathcal A}^{h, h+*}(\mathbb F_2, \mathbb F_2)$ is still largely mysterious for all homological degrees $h \geq 6.$ The $h$-th algebraic transfer $Tr_h^{\mathcal A}: (\mathbb F_2\otimes_{GL_h}{\rm Ann}_{\overline{\mathcal A}}[P^{\otimes h}]^{*})_n\longrightarrow {\rm Ext}_{\mathcal A}^{h, h+n}(\mathbb F_2, \mathbb F_2),$ defined by Singer [Math. Z. \textbf{202} (1989), 493-523], is a helpful tool to describe that Ext groups. Singer conjectured that this homomorphism is a monomorphism for any $h>0.$ There is currently no information about the conjecture for $h = 6.$ The purpose of this Note is to study Singer's conjecture for all $h\geq 1$ in degrees $n\leq 10 = 6(2^{0}-1) + 10\cdot 2^{0}$ and for $h=6$ in general degree $n:=n_s=6(2^{s}-1) + 10\cdot 2^{s},\, s\geq 0.$ Our approach is based on techniques of the hit problem for $P^{\otimes h}.$ This also extends a result in Mothebe et al. [J. Math. Res. \textbf{8} (2016), 92-100] on the hit problem for $P^{\otimes 6}$ in degree $n_s.$ More generally, for $h\geq 6,$ we show that the dimension of the cohit module $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathcal A}P^{\otimes h}$ in degrees $2^{s+4}-h$ is equal to the order of the factor group of $GL_{h-1}$ by the Borel subgroup $B_{h-1}$ for every $s\geq h-5.$ Especially, for the Galois field $\mathbb F_{q}$ ($q$ denoting the power of a prime number), based on Hai's recent work [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris \textbf{360} (2022), 1009-1026], we claim that the dimension of the space of the indecomposable elements of $\mathbb F_q[t_1, \ldots t_h]$ in degrees $q^{h-1}-h$ is equal to the order of the factor group of $GL_{h-1}(\mathbb F_q)$ by a subgroup of the Borel group $B_{h-1}(\mathbb F_q).$ As applications, we establish the dimension result for the cohit module $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathcal A}P^{\otimes 7}$ in degrees $n_{s+5},\, s > 0.$ At the same time, we prove that the non-zero elements $h_2^{2}g_1 = h_4Ph_2\in {\rm Ext}_{\mathcal A}^{6, 6+n_1}(\mathbb F_2, \mathbb F_2)$, and $D_2\in {\rm Ext}_{\mathcal A}^{6, 6+n_2}(\mathbb F_2, \mathbb F_2)$ are not in the image of $Tr_6^{\mathcal A}.$ We also give some conjectures on the $h$-th cohomology groups of the algebra $\mathcal A$ for $h\geq 6,$ and discuss their relationship to previous works. </p>
KUBAI: Sensor Fusion for Non-Invasive Fetal Heart Rate Tracking
Authors: Kasap Begum , Vali Kourosh , Qian Weitai , Saffarpour Mahya , Ghiasi Soheil 
Published: November 2022

<p>This work has been submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.</p>
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<p>Objective: Fetal heart rate (FHR) is critical for perinatal fetal monitoring. However, motions, contractions and other dynamics may substantially degrade the quality of acquired signals, hindering robust tracking of FHR. We aim to demonstrate how use of multiple sensors can help overcome these challenges, and improve measurement of desired signal. Methods: We develop KUBAI, a novel stochastic sensor fusion algorithm, to improve FHR monitoring accuracy. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, we evaluate it on data collected from gold standard large pregnant animal models, using a novel non-invasive fetal pulse oximeter. Results: The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated against invasive ground-truth measurements. We obtained below 6 beats-per-minute (BPM) root-mean-square error (RMSE) with KUBAI, on five different more than 30-minutes long datasets. KUBAI’s performance is also compared against a single-sensor version of the algorithm to demonstrate the improvement in accuracy due to sensor fusion. KUBAI’s multi-sensor estimates are found to give 23.5% to 84% lower RMSE than single-sensor FHR estimates. Furthermore, KUBAI is shown to have 84% lower RMSE and ∼3 times higher R<sup>2</sup> correlation with reference compared to another multi-sensor FHR tracking method found in literature. Conclusion: The results support the effectiveness of KUBAI, the proposed sensor fusion algorithm, to non-invasively and accurately estimate fetal heart rate with varying levels of noise in the measurements. Significance: The presented method can benefit other multi-sensor measurement setups, which may be challenged by low measurement frequency, low signal- to-noise ratio, or intermittent loss of signal in measurements. </p>
An Efficient CNN Inference Accelerator Based on Intra- and Inter-Channel Feature Map Compression
Authors: Xie Chenjia , Shao Zhuang , Zhao Ning , Du Yuan , Du Li 
Published: November 2022

<p>Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) generate intensive inter-layer data during inference, which results in substantial on-chip memory size and off-chip bandwidth. To solve the memory constraint, this paper proposes an accelerator adopted with a compression technique that can reduce the inter-layer data by removing both intra- and inter-channel redundant information. Principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized in the compression process to concentrate inter-channel information. The spatial differences, truncation, and reconfigurable bit-width coding are implemented inside every feature map to eliminate the intra-channel data redundancy. Moreover, a particular data arrangement is introduced to enhance data continuity to optimize PCA analysis and improve compression performance. A CNN accelerator with the proposed compression technique is designed to support the on-the-fly compression process by pipelining the reconstruction, CNN computation, and compression operation. The prototype accelerator is implemented using 28-nm CMOS technology. It achieves 819.2GOPS peak throughput and 3.75TOPS/W energy efficiency with 218.5mW. Experiments show that the proposed compression technique achieves a compression ratio of 21.5%~43.0% (8-bit mode) and 9.8%~19.3% (16-bit mode) on state-of-the-art CNNs with a negligible accuracy loss. </p>
High-Rate Secret Key Generation Using Physical Layer Security and Physical Unclonable Functions
Authors: Assaf Tasneem , Al-Dweik Arafat , Iraqi Youssef , Jangsher Sobia , Pandey Anshul , Giacalone Jean-Pierre , Abulibdeh Enas , Saleh Hani , Mohammad Baker 
Published: November 2022

<p>Physical layer security (PLS) can be adopted for efficient key sharing in secured wireless systems. The random nature of the wireless channel and channel reciprocity (CR) are the main pillars for realizing PLS techniques. However, for applications that involve air-to-air (A2A) transmission, such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications, the channel does not generally have sufficient randomness to enable reliable key generation. Therefore, this work proposes a novel system design to mitigate the channel randomness constraint and enable high-rate secret key generation (SKG) process. The proposed system integrates physically unclonable functions (PUFs) and CR principle to securely exchange secret keys between two nodes. Moreover, an adaptive and controllable artificial fading (AF) level with interleaving is used to mitigate the impact of low randomness variations in the wireless channel. The proposed system can operate efficiently even when the channel is nearly flat or time invariant. Consequently, the time required for generating and sharing a key is significantly shorter than conventional techniques. We also propose a novel bit extraction scheme that reduces the number of overhead bits required to share the intermediate keys. The obtained Monte Carlo simulation results show that a key agreement can be reached at the first trial for moderate and high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), which is substantially faster than other PLS techniques. Moreover, the results show that inducing AF into static channels reduces the mismatch ratio between the generated secret sequences and degrades the eavesdropper’s capability to predict the secret keys. </p>
Zero-Energy Devices Empowered 6G Networks: Opportunities, Key Technologies, and Challenges
Authors: Naser Shimaa , Bariah Lina , Muhaidat Sami , Basar Ertugrul 
Published: November 2022

<p>The sixth generation (6G) of wireless networks are envisioned to support a plethora of human-centric applications and offer connectivity to a massive number of devices with diverse requirements, thus enabling massive Machine Type Communications. Nevertheless, with the rapid growth of the number of connected devices as well as the ever-increasing network traffic, network energy consumption has become a major challenge. Additionally, 6G is expected to catalyze the emergence of new applications that are characterized by their harsh environmental conditions, with ultra-small and low-cost wireless devices. Therefore, there is a pressing need for developing sustainable solutions that take into consideration all these requirements in order to realize the full potential of 6G networks. Within this context, zero-energy devices (ZEDs) have emerged as a prominent solution for the next generation green communication architecture. Such devices eliminate the need for recharging plugins and replacing batteries by integrating disruptive technologies, such as radio frequency energy harvesting, backscatter communications, low power computing, and ultra-low power receivers. Motivated by this, this article provides an in-depth review of the existing literature on the newly emerging ZEDs for future networks. We further identify different relevant use cases and provide an extensive overview on the key enabling technologies and their requirements for realizing ZED-empowered networks. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions and challenges that are envisioned to enhance the performance and efficiency of ZED-based networks. </p>
Digital Phenotypes of Instability and Fatigue Derived from Daily Standing Transitions in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: VanDyk Tyler , Meyer Brett , DePetrillo Paolo , Donahue Nicole , O'Leary Aisling , Fox Sam , Cheney Nick , Ceruolo Melissa , Solomon Andrew , McGinnis Ryan 
Published: November 2022

<p>Impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) can often be attributed to symptoms of motor instability and fatigue. Symptom monitoring and queued interventions often target these symptoms. Clinical metrics are currently limited to objective physician assessments or subjective patient reported measures. Recent research has turned to wearables for improving the objectivity and temporal resolution of assessment. Our group has previously observed wearable assessment of supervised and unsupervised standing transitions to be predictive of fall-risk in PwMS. Here we extend the application of standing transition quantification to longitudinal home monitoring of symptoms. Subjects (N=23) with varying degrees of MS impairment were recruited and monitored with accelerometry for a total of ~6 weeks each. These data were processed using a deep learning activity classifier to isolate periods of standing transition from which descriptive features were extracted for analysis. Participants completed daily and biweekly assessments describing their symptoms. From these data, Canonical Correlation Analysis was used to derive digital phenotypes of MS instability and fatigue. We find these phenotypes capable of distinguishing fallers from non-fallers, and further that they demonstrate a capacity to characterize symptoms at both daily and sub-daily resolutions. These results represent promising support for future applications of wearables, which may soon augment or replace current metrics in longitudinal monitoring of PwMS. </p>