bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of the composite hydraulic cylinder with geodesic dome trajectory: A numerical study
Authors: Coskun Taner , Sahin Omer Sinan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydraulic cylinders are used in many different areas from aviation to construction machinery and are generally manufactured using conventional steels that stand out with their low strength to weight ratio. In this study, it was aimed to design a hydraulic cylinder using composite materials to reduce cylinder weight. In this context, a novel composite hydraulic cylinder was designed, and numerical analyses for the composite portions of the hydraulic cylinder were carried out. For the numerical model, an aluminium liner and cylinder heads with the geodesic dome profiles were used, and composite layers were formed on their surfaces by using the Ansys ACP module. In the numerical analyses, the design parameters such as fabric materials and liner thickness were optimized using response surface optimization, and thus the optimum design parameters were determined. The results were verified by comparing the statistical‐based optimization and numerical analysis results. On the other hand, the wall thickness for the steel hydraulic cylinder, which has the same strength as the composite cylinder, was determined and the structure weights have been compared. As a result of the current study, it has been revealed that composite hydraulic cylinders with the same strength as steel hydraulic cylinders can be designed. With the utilization of the composite materials, it has been observed that composite hydraulic cylinder is 53.78% lighter than conventional hydraulic cylinders. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the novel composite hydraulic cylinder were discussed, and it was found to be feasible for industrial applications in which system weights are the major problem.
Physical aging of PC:PS blends: Dynamic mechanical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance studies
Authors: Charif Imane , Doulache Naima , Gourari Azeddine , Rodrigue Denis , Giroux Yann , Cherfi Rabah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of physical aging of the partially miscible blend of polycarbonate:polystyrene (PC:PS) at temperatures near the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PS was studied as a function of time. For this purpose, blends of PC and PS with different ratios were elaborated and characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and DMA techniques. The results indicated the presence of weak interaction upon blending with a maximum of interaction for the 50:50 blend. The effect of physical aging on the latter was then investigated via DMA, DSC, and NMR analyses. The DMA results showed that both phases were sensitive to aging. The effect was found to be strongly dependent on both the temperature and time. The aging of PC:PS blend was also found to trap stress during the process which induced an instability in the viscoelastic behavior. The latter was found to be associated with a phase‐separation morphology of the blend and influenced by its composition. The NMR analysis also showed a pronounced distortion of the conformation combined with increasing molecular motion. These effects were found to be important for aging below the PS's Tg.
Propensity for resistance development in the invasive berry pest, spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), under laboratory selection
Authors: Deans Carrie , Hutchison William D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOver the past 14 years, the invasive vinegar fly, spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), has become one of the most damaging fruit pests in the United States. With regional economic losses estimated as high as $500 million for moderate infestations, D. suzukii control represents an often‐untenable cost to growers. Management relies heavily on chemical control, which may be applied up to nine times in one season. The widespread use of chemical controls has led to concerns about insecticide resistance, and resistant field populations have already been documented in California and Michigan.RESULTSWe cultured sub‐populations of three different Minnesota field populations of D. suzukii in the laboratory and exposed them to increasing concentrations of two commonly‐used insecticides, zeta‐cypermethrin (pyrethroid) and spinetoram (spinosyn). Over the exposure period, the sub‐populations experienced an 8‐ to 45‐fold increase in insecticide concentration. We saw significant increases in the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of one sub‐population exposed to zeta‐cypermethrin and one exposed to spinetoram. Across the spinetoram exposures, we also observed significant reductions in the top mortality values for three different sub‐populations.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that field populations of D. suzukii can develop resistance to zeta‐cypermethrin and spinetoram in short periods of time under laboratory selection but that resistance to spinosyns occurs more readily than to pyrethroids. These results support other studies that have documented spinosyn resistance in field populations and in laboratory selections. Resistance evolution to spinosyns is a particularly important issue, as they represent one of few organic insecticide options for D. suzukii. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Community‐based health insurance service utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Reta Mulumebet Tadesse 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCommunity‐based health insurance (CBHI) scheme is a powerful tool to achieve universal health service coverage by providing financial protection against healthcare costs. Ethiopia introduced CBHI, although its utilization is suspected to be poor. Consequently, this study aimed to assess CBHI service usage and related factors.MethodsSix hundred fifty‐two participants were enrolled in this study. Data was collected through a face‐to‐face interview.ResultsThis study indicated that 60% of respondents utilized the CBHI service. In this study, male participants were 44% less likely to use the CBHI service (AOR = 0.44 with 95%CI: 0.28–0.70) than female participants. Besides, participants from small households were 54% less likely to utilize the CBHI service (AOR = 0.54 with 95%CI: 0.36–0. 82) than those from large families. However, using the CBHI service was 4.97 times higher among illiterate participants (AOR = 4.97 with 95%CI: 1.46–16.91) than those with literacy skills. Moreover, participants with low income were 5.14 times more likely to use the CBHI service (AOR = 5.14 with 95%CI: 2.27–11.64) than those with high monthly income. Additionally, participants who had not a private home were 6.31 times higher to use the CBHI service (AOR = 6.31 with a 95%CI: 2.76–14.46) than those who had. Furthermore, participants having adequate information on the CBHI were 8.99 times more likely to use the CBHI service (AOR = 8.99 with 95%CI: 5.66–14.27) than those who had not.ConclusionThe study provides essential information regarding CBHI service utilization and associated factors. Although the majority of the participants used the CBHI service, still a large number of users did not receive the services properly. Availability of laboratory services and delivery of essential drugs were low. Therefore, government and other relevant agencies should develop effective regulatory systems to promote the CBHI service and improve public health facilities' capacity to provide CHHI services properly.
Job insecurity, employability, and mental health in the new era: A test of plausible influence mechanisms and temporal effects
Authors: Sheng Zitong , Griffin Mark A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough job insecurity and employability have drawn much research attention, the plausible relationships between them and how they jointly influence mental health remain unclear in the literature. We draw upon JD‐R and COR theories to test and contrast three plausible relationships between job insecurity and employability, using a longitudinal sample of 1216 employees over 18 years. We further expand tests of these theoretical positions by considering temporal dynamics, using dynamic structural equation models (DSEMs) for stronger mediation evidence and latent growth models (LGMs) to compare the effects of job insecurity and employability trends in predicting the trend of mental health. In general, findings showed that job insecurity mediated the relationship between employability and mental health, supporting the mediation hypothesis. We also found that employability moderated the relationship between job insecurity and mental health, supporting the moderation hypothesis, although the effect was weak. Results further suggested that the effect magnitudes of job insecurity and employability predicting mental health were significantly different. Specifically, job insecurity was a stronger predictor of mental health than employability across all 18 years; the trend of job insecurity also predicted the trend of mental health more strongly than the trend of employability. Taken together, this study not only advances theory precision but also methodological soundness of research on job insecurity, employability, and mental health, supporting the value of considering temporal factors in examining mental health effects of job insecurity and employability.
Continuous Single‐Crystalline GaN Film Grown on WS2‐Glass Wafer
Authors: Yin Yue , Liu Bingyao , Chen Qi , Chen Zhaolong , Ren Fang , Zhang Shuo , Liu Zhetong , Wang Rong , Liang Meng , Yan Jianchang , Sun Jingyu , Yi Xiaoyan , Wei Tongbo , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhongfan , Gao Peng , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUse of 2D materials as buffer layers has prospects in nitride epitaxy on symmetry mismatched substrates. However, the control of lattice arrangement via 2D materials at the heterointerface presents certain challenges. In this study, the epitaxy of single‐crystalline GaN film on WS2‐glass wafer is successfully performed by using the strong polarity of WS2 buffer layer and its perfectly matching lattice geometry with GaN. Furthermore, this study reveals that the first interfacial nitrogen layer plays a crucial role in the well‐constructed interface by sharing electrons with both Ga and S atoms, enabling the single‐crystalline stress‐free GaN, as well as a violet light‐emitting diode. This study paves a way for the heterogeneous integration of semiconductors and creates opportunities to break through the design and performance limitations, which are induced by substrate restriction, of the devices.
Regulation of Macrophage Polarization Through Periodic Photo‐Thermal Treatment to Facilitate Osteogenesis
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Fuli , Ye Jing , Cai Xinmei , Qian Runliu , Zhang Kaiwang , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin , Han Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe richened reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derived excessive inflammation at bone injured sites hinder osteogenesis of endosseous Ti‐based implants. Herein, anti‐oxidized polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on hydrothermal growth formed hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods on Ti to form a core‐shell structural nanorod‐like array with HA as a core and PDA as an amorphous shell (PDA@HA), showing not only ROS scavenging ability but also near‐infrared (NIR) light derived photo‐thermal effects. PDA@HA suppresses inflammation based on its ROS scavenging ability to a certain extent, while periodic photo‐thermal treatment (PTT) at a mild temperature (41 ± 1 °C) further accelerates the transition of the macrophages (MΦs) adhered to PDA@HA from the pro‐inflammatory (M1) phenotype to the anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the activation of the PI3K‐Akt1 signaling pathway is responsible for the periodic PTT induced acceleration of the M1‐to‐M2 transition of MΦs. Acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with paracrine cytokines of M2 macrophages, PDA@HA with mild PTT greatly promote the osteogenetic functions of MSCs and thus osteogenesis. This work paves a way of employing mildly periodic PTT to induce a favorable immunomodulatory microenvironment for osteogenesis and provides insights into its underlying immunomodulation mechanism.
Progress in Hybridization of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Deng Yang , Wang Yue , Xiao Xiao , Saucedo Brett Jacob , Zhu Zhijun , Xie Mingsen , Xu Xinru , Yao Kun , Zhai Yanling , Zhang Zhen , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hybrid materials are a class of porous crystalline materials that integrate MOFs and COFs with hierarchical pore structures. As an emerging porous frame material platform, MOF/COF hybrid materials have attracted tremendous attention, and the field is advancing rapidly and extending into more diverse fields. Extensive studies have shown that a broad variety of MOF/COF hybrid materials with different structures and specific properties can be synthesized from diverse building blocks via different chemical reactions, driving the rapid growth of the field. The allowed complementary utilization of π‐conjugated skeletons and nanopores for functional exploration has endowed these hybrid materials with great potential in challenging energy and environmental issues. It is necessary to prepare a “family tree” to accurately trace the developments in the study of MOF/COF hybrid materials. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest achievements and advancements in the design and synthesis of MOF/COF hybrid materials, including COFs covalently bonded to the surface functional groups of MOFs (MOF@COF), MOFs grown on the surface of COFs (COF@MOF), bridge reaction between COF and MOF (MOF+COF), and their various applications in catalysis, energy storage, pollutant adsorption, gas separation, chemical sensing, and biomedicine. It concludes with remarks concerning the trend from the structural design to functional exploration and potential applications of MOF/COF hybrid materials.
Single‐Atomic Iron Doped Carbon Dots with Both Photoluminescence and Oxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: Li Xin , Ding Shichao , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Tieu Peter , Wang Maoyu , Feng Zhenxing , Pan Xiaoqing , Zhou Yang , Niu Xiangheng , Du Dan , Zhu Wenlei , Lin Yuehe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultifunctional nanozymes can benefit biochemical analysis via expanding sensing modes and enhancing analytical performance, but designing multifunctional nanozymes to realize the desired sensing of targets is challenging. In this work, single‐atomic iron doped carbon dots (SA Fe‐CDs) are designed and synthesized via a facile in situ pyrolysis process. The small‐sized CDs not only maintain their tunable fluorescence, but also serve as a support for loading dispersed active sites. Monoatomic Fe offers SA Fe‐CDs exceptional oxidase‐mimetic activity to catalyze 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation with fast response (Vmax = 10.4 nM s‐1) and strong affinity (Km = 168 µM). Meanwhile, their photoluminescence is quenched by the oxidation product of TMB due to inner filter effect. Phosphate ions (Pi) can suppress the oxidase‐mimicking activity and restore the photoluminescence of SA Fe‐CDs by interacting with Fe active sites. Based on this principle, a dual‐mode colorimetric and fluorescence assay of Pi with high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response is established. This work paves a path to develop multifunctional enzyme‐like catalysts, and offers a simple but efficient dual‐mode method for phosphate monitoring, which will inspire the exploration of multi‐mode sensing strategies based on nanozyme catalysis.
Fifty Years of a Dispute. A Triptych: Why Woodward?**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis publication discusses R. B. Woodward's motivations, personality qualities, and chemical experiences that placed him in a perfect position to discover, along with Roald Hoffmann, the solution to the pericyclic no‐mechanism problem, that is, to discover the Woodward‐Hoffmann rules or, as Woodward preferred, the Principle of Conservation of Orbital Symmetry.
Introduction: On the Meanings of ‘American Reality’
Authors: Resano Dolores 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter begins by considering the dominant affective state that came into being after the election of Trump in 2016, namely shock and disbelief, and contextualizes it through two opposed yet complementary impulses. First, it illustrates how political and cultural derealization was actively promoted by Trump himself and his administration, to then consider the liberal biases that were already implicit in the widespread perception that reality was collapsing. In the context of the emergence of two and seemingly irreconcilable American realities, ever more polarized along partisan lines, the literary world felt compelled to respond and did so publicly. This chapter considers various initiatives but focuses in particular on the insights provided by writers Aleksandar Hemon, Jan Clausen, and Viet Thanh Nguyen, who denounced the exceptionalist rhetoric that was often employed and called for a more engaged and less self-deluded American literature. It then proceeds to map the emerging corpus of ‘Trump fiction’ and existing scholarly studies, and argues that the analyses offered inAmerican Literature in the Era of Trumpismcontribute not only to the continued understanding of the landscape of American literature after 2016, but also to the long-standing scholarly tradition of decentering the notion of ‘America.’
Endourological Management of Encrusted Ureteral Stents
Authors: Jones Patrick , Pietropaolo Amelia , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUreteral stents are an integral tool in urology. However, despite their merits, they can be associated with many adverse sequelae such as discomfort, migration and encrustation. The latter can be a particularly difficult clinical scenario for the clinician to manage. Fortunately, advances in minimally invasive methods have resulted in nearly all cases being able to be successfully managed using such techniques. Often, this can be achieved in a single operative session. Adopting a multidisciplinary and methodical strategy for its management is paramount for achieving the safest outcome for the patient. At the same time, clinicians should maintain awareness for those patients who are high risk for developing this problem. This chapter provides an overview of the assessment, planning and treatment for such cases.
Biomaterial-Associated Infection: Pathogenesis and Prevention
Authors: Riool Martijn , Zaat Sebastian A. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of medical devices, such as urinary stents, catheters, artificial heart valves, prosthetic joints and other implants, collectively often referred to as “biomaterials” has increased dramatically over the past century, and has become a major part of modern medicine and our daily life. With the aging society, the higher demand on these devices to restore function and quality of life, combined with the ever improving technology within the medical field, the problem of biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) is expected to increase.The most common causative microorganisms in BAI are Staphylococcus aureus, a major pathogen in wound infections, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the harmless skin commensal. Depending on the type of device and location of application, other pathogens such as coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, Propionibacterium acnes and yeast can also cause BAI.Prevention of BAI is a challenging problem, in particular due to the increased risk of resistance development associated with current antibiotic-based strategies. Here we showed the evidence of biofilms as a source for peri-implant tissue colonization, clearly showing the importance of preventive measures to be able to act both against implant and tissue colonization. Subsequently, we described different strategies to prevent BAI and other difficult-to-treat biofilm infections. We conclude that future research should focus on the development of combination devices with both anti-fouling or contact-killing capacities—to protect the implant—and controlled release of an antimicrobial agent to protect the surrounding tissue.
Plasma Based Approaches for Deposition and Grafting of Antimicrobial Agents to Polymer Surfaces
Authors: Vladkova Todorka Gancheva , Gospodinova Dilyana Nikolaeva 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImproved protection of urinary stents against infections is a significant current challenge because of the increasing microbial resistance to the conventional antibiotics and negative issues for the patients. Formation of crystalline biofilms of pathogenic microbial cells is the leading cause of urinary stent associated infections. A lot of approaches, antimicrobial agents and techniques are under a study to mitigate the problem by creation of contact killing; releasing or low adhesive surfaces do not allow attachment of microbial cells. The plasma treatment has a number of advantages that make it preferable in many strategies for the development of antimicrobial biomaterials. The control over the plasma processing parameters allows control over the surface chemistry, charge, structure, morphology, hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, etc. Due to a variety of biomaterials and bacteria, causing urinary tract infections, plasma assisted antibacterial strategies need in tailoring to each specific surface. Plasma treatment of polymers under corresponding operation conditions allows deposition of contact killing, releasing (including controlled release) or low-adhesive antimicrobial coatings, as well as polymer surface functionalization and durable immobilization of antimicrobial molecules. Most of the plasma technologies are developed in laboratory and the surface engineered biomaterials are testedin vitro.
Indications, Complications and Side Effects of Metallic Ureteral Stents
Authors: Rako Duje 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFirst widely used ureteral stents were polymeric and first documented metallic stent placed in ureter was vascular permanent stent in patient with malignant obstruction. Due to high complication rates with off label bare metal stents and covered metal stents development of purpose-based urological metallic stents was started. They are nowadays usually exploited when longer indwelling times are envisioned due to benign conditions, malignant obstruction or post-radiotherapy. In our analysis we have witnessed high risk of complication—68% per patient and 50% per stent.Further research in form of multi-institutional prospective RCT in order to obtain better understanding of complications is needed which in turn can drive further development of stent materials, coatings and designs ultimately giving our patients better QoL.