bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational challenges in the pre-intervention phase of a mental health trial in rural India: reflections from SMART Mental Health
Authors: Mukherjee Ankita , Daniel Mercian , Kaur Amanpreet , Devarapalli Siddhardha , Kallakuri Sudha , Essue Beverley , Raman Usha , Thornicroft Graham , Saxena Shekhar , Peiris David , Maulik Pallab K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Availability of mental health services in low- and middle-income countries is largely concentrated in tertiary care with limited resources and scarcity of trained professionals at the primary care level. SMART Mental Health is a strategy that combines a community anti-stigma campaign with a primary health care workforce strengthening initiative, using electronic decision support with the goal of better identifying and supporting people with common mental disorders in India.

Methods
We describe the challenges faced and lessons learnt during the pre-intervention phase of SMART Mental Health cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Pre-intervention phase includes preliminary activities for setting-up the trial and research activities prior to delivery of the intervention. Field notes from project site visit, project team meetings and detailed follow-up discussions with members of the project team were used to document operational challenges and strategies adopted to overcome them. The socio-ecological model was used as the analytical framework to organise the findings.

Results
Key challenges included delays in government approvals, addressing community health worker needs, and building trust in the community. These were addressed through continuous communication, leveraging support of relevant stakeholders, and addressing concerns of community health workers and community. Issues related to use of digital platform for data collection were addressed by a dedicated technical support team. The COVID-19 pandemic and political unrest led to significant and unexpected challenges requiring important adaptations to successfully implement the project.

Conclusion
Setting up of this trial has posed challenges at a combination of community, health system and broader socio-political levels. Successful mitigating strategies to overcome these challenges must be innovative, timely and flexibly delivered according to local context. Systematic ongoing documentation of field-level challenges and subsequent adaptations can help optimise implementation processes and support high quality trials.
Trial registration: The trial is registered with Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI/2018/08/015355). Registered on 16th August 2018. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=23254&EncHid=&userName=CTRI/2018/08/015355
Fine-scale-mapping of Schistosoma haematobium infections at the school and community levels and intermediate host snail abundance in the north of Pemba Island: baseline cross-sectional survey findings before the onset of a 3-year intervention study
Authors: Trippler Lydia , Ali Said Mohammed , Ame Shaali Makame , Hattendorf Jan , Suleiman Khamis Rashid , Ali Mohammed Nassor , Juma Saleh , Kabole Fatma , Knopp Stefanie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Schistosomiasis elimination has gained renewed priority in the WHO guidance documents published in 2020 and 2022. The SchistoBreak project, implemented in Pemba, Tanzania between 2020 and 2024, aims to assess new tools and strategies for shifting from elimination as a public health problem towards interruption of transmission. Here we report our baseline findings and discuss implications for future interventions.

Methods
In 2020, human water contact sites (HWCSs) in the study area were geolocated and snail surveys were conducted. A parasitological and questionnaire cross-sectional baseline survey was implemented in 20 communities and their 16 primary schools between November 2020 and February 2021. Urine samples were collected at the school and household levels from individuals aged ≥ 4 years. Schistosoma haematobium infection was detected by urine filtration microscopy. Snail, parasitological and questionnaire-derived data were analyzed descriptively, spatially and with generalized estimated equation models.

Results
The intermediate host snail Bulinus globosus was detected in 19.8% (33/167) of HWCSs. The overall S. haematobium prevalence was 1.2% (26/2196) in school-aged children and 0.8% (31/3893) in community members, with 0.2% (4/2196) and 0.1% (3/3893) heavy-intensity infections, respectively. Children who studied < 1 km away from HWCSs with B. globosus had significantly higher odds for a S. haematobium infection than those attending a school located > 2 km away (odds ratio [OR]: 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–11.1). Individuals living in a house located < 1 km away from HWCSs with B. globosus had higher odds than those residing in > 2 km distance (OR: 18.0; 95% CI: 2.9–111.0). Self-reported praziquantel treatment coverage was 83.2% (2015/2423) in schoolchildren in the mass drug administration (MDA) conducted in August 2020. Coverage among adult community members was 59.9% (574/958), but only 34.8% (333/958) took praziquantel correctly.

Conclusions
While the S. haematobium prevalence is very low in Pemba, there are many HWCSs with B. globosus situated close to schools or houses that pose a considerable risk of recrudescence. To maintain and accelerate the progress towards interruption of transmission, targeted and cost-effective interventions that are accepted by the community are needed; for example, snail control plus focal MDA, or test-and-treat in schools and households near infested waterbodies.

Graphical Abstract
Evidences towards deciphering the mode of action of dimethylpyrazole-based nitrification inhibitors in soil and pure cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea
Authors: Bozal-Leorri Adrián , Corrochano-Monsalve Mario , Vega-Mas Izargi , Aparicio-Tejo Pedro M. , González-Murua Carmen , Marino Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Agriculture relies on the intensive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers to maximize crop yields, which has led to the transformation of agricultural soils into high-nitrifying environments. Nevertheless, nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been developed to suppress soil-nitrifier activity and decrease N losses. The NIs 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) are able to reduce N2O emissions and maintain soil NH4+ for a longer time. Although both NIs have been proven to be effective to inhibit soil nitrification, their exact mode of action has not been confirmed. We aimed to provide novel insights to further understand the mode of action of DMP-based NIs. We evaluated the performance of DMPP and DMPSA in soil and pure cultures of nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas europaea.

Results
DMPSA did not inhibit nitrification in pure cultures of N. europaea. In the soil, we evidenced that DMPSA needs to be broken into DMP to achieve the inhibition of nitrification, which is mediated by a soil biological process that remains to be identified. Moreover, both DMPP and DMPSA are thought to inhibit nitrification due to their ability to chelate the Cu2+ cations that the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme (AMO) needs to carry on the first step of NH4+ oxidation. However, the efficiency of DMPP was not altered regardless the Cu2+ concentration in the medium. In addition, we also showed that DMPP targets AMO but not hydroxylamine oxidoreductase enzyme (HAO).

Conclusions
The inability of DMPSA to inhibit nitrification in pure cultures together with the high efficiency of DMPP to inhibit nitrification even in presence of toxic Cu2+ concentration in the medium, suggest that the mode of action of DMP-based NIs does not rely on their capacity as metal chelators.

Graphical Abstract
Identification of acidic degradation products of chemical warfare agents by methylation with trimethylsilyldiazomethane and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Kuitunen Marja-Leena , Dutoit Jean-Claude , Siegenthaler Peter , Rapinoja Marja-Leena , Vanninen Paula Sinikka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSensitive and reliable analysis of alkylphosphonic acids (APAs) and 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)ethanesulfonic acids (SAs), the degradation products of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), is one of the most important tasks for verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Unambiguous identification of these chemicals is required in a variety of environmental matrices, including soil and water. These acids with low volatility are very polar, and efficient and reliable methylation methods for their derivatization are needed for analysis with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In this study, the derivatization conditions for trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSDAM) methylation were optimized for rapid GC–MS screening. Optimized methylation of APAs and SAs with TMSDAM was compared with methylation with diazomethane. The TMSDAM methylation of SAs and benzilic acid was further compared with silylation with N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. The significance and necessity of cation exchange prior to derivatization and analysis were tested on samples with a high inorganic background. A recommendation to use the method for methylation of water samples and aqueous extracts using TMSDAM is given. The robustness of the method was illustrated by the successful identification of APAs and SAs in aqueous samples from proficiency tests organized by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
Control capacity and bimodality in target control
Authors: Wang Wenchu , Cai Defu , Liu Xueming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Controlling large networks is a fundamental problem and a great challenge in network science. Typically, full control is not necessary and infeasible. In many cases, only a preselected subset of nodes is required to be controlled, which is the target control problem. Each node does not participate in controlling the target set with equal probability, prompting us to quantify their contributions for target control. Here we develop a random sampling method to estimate the likelihood of each node participating as a driver node in target control configurations and demonstrate the unbiasedness of sampling. Each node is assigned with a role of critical, intermittent or redundant as it appears in all, some and none of the minimum driver node sets accordingly. We apply the method to Erdős-Rényi (ER) and scale-free (SF) networks and find that the fractions of critical and intermittent nodes increase as the scale of the target set increases. Furthermore, when the size of target node is fixed in SF networks, the fraction of redundant nodes may show a bimodal behavior as the networks become denser, leading to two control modes: centralized control and distributed control. The findings help understand the dynamics of control and offer tools for target control in complex systems.
Volume-Based Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for Pediatric Insulo-Opercular Epilepsy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Takayama Yutaro , Kimura Yuiko , Iijima Keiya , Yokosako Suguru , Kosugi Kenzo , Yamamoto Kaoru , Shimizu-Motohashi Yuko , Kaneko Yuu , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Iwasaki Masaki 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Stereotactic ablation surgeries including radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC) and laser interstitial thermal therapy are recent less invasive treatment methods for insular epilepsy. Volume-based RFTC after stereoelectroencephalography was first proposed by a French group as a more effective method for seizure relief in insular epilepsy patients than stereoelectroencephalography-guided RFTC.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the feasibility and technical details about volume-based RFTC in patients with insulo-opercular epilepsy.

METHODS:
We successfully treated 3- and 6-year-old patients with medically refractory insulo-opercular epilepsy with volume-based RFTC, in which the target volume of coagulation was flexibly designed by combining multiple spherical models of 5-mm diameter which is smaller than reported previously.

RESULTS:
The insula was targeted by oblique trajectory from the frontoparietal area in one case, and the opercular cortex was targeted by perpendicular trajectories from the perisylvian cortex in the other case. The use of the small sphere model required more trajectories and manipulations but enabled more exhaustive coagulation of the epileptogenic zone, with 70% to 78% of the planned target volume coagulated without complications, and daily seizures disappeared after RFTC in both patients.

CONCLUSION:
Volume-based RFTC planned with small multiple sphere models may improve the completeness of lesioning for patients with insulo-opercular epilepsy. Careful planning is necessary to reduce the risks of vascular injuries.
Stand-Alone Large Bore Aspiration Catheter (0.072 Inch) for Both Guide Support and Clot Aspiration in Transradial Posterior Circulation Stroke Thrombectomy: Technical Series
Authors: Sattur Mithun G. , Nelson Ashley M. , Al Kasab Sami , Spiotta Alejandro M. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
The large size of guide catheters in the traditional triaxial configuration can prove limiting during transradial vertebrobasilar thrombectomy. This is especially important for the direct aspiration technique because of the large aspiration catheters that can reach an inner diameter of 0.072 in. A strategy that strikes a balance between stable proximal vessel support and distal navigation for aspiration is conceptually attractive.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe a series of transradial posterior circulation thrombectomy procedures in which the aspiration catheter served a dual role of guide support and clot aspiration in a coaxial configuration, thus obviating a larger guide catheter.

METHODS:
Patients selected in the series underwent radial artery access and direct over-the-wire navigation of the aspiration catheter into the vertebral artery. With coaxial microcatheter navigation, the aspiration catheter reached distal enough to ingest the clot successfully. Along with clinical and angiographic data, imaging features such as angle of vertebral artery origin were calculated.

RESULTS:
Five patients underwent a stand-alone aspiration catheter technique for basilar artery occlusion through transradial access. All procedures resulted in thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 3 recanalization. The mean time to basilar artery recanalization was 10 minutes. No access site complications or vertebral artery dissection were noted. The mean subclavian artery-vertebral origin angle was 84.06° (range 78.2-90.2°).

CONCLUSION:
For patients selected properly based on vascular anatomy and a careful technique, a large bore aspiration catheter can fulfil a stand-alone dual-role, thus obviating the need for a guide catheter. This can potentially improve the technical feasibility and success of transradial vertebrobasilar thrombectomy.
Lamellipodia-like actin networks in cells lacking WAVE regulatory complex
Authors: Kage Frieda , Döring Hermann , Mietkowska Magdalena , Schaks Matthias , Grüner Franziska , Stahnke Stephanie , Steffen Anika , Müsken Mathias , Stradal Theresia E. B. , Rottner Klemens 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Cell migration frequently involves the formation of lamellipodia induced by Rac GTPases activating WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) to drive Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin assembly. Previous genome editing studies in B16-F1 melanoma cells solidified the view of an essential, linear pathway employing the aforementioned components. Here, disruption of the WRC subunit Nap1 (encoded by Nckap1) and its paralog Hem1 (encoded by Nckap1l) followed by serum and growth factor stimulation, or active GTPase expression, revealed a pathway to formation of Arp2/3 complex-dependent lamellipodia-like structures (LLS) that requires both Rac and Cdc42 GTPases, but not WRC. These phenotypes were independent of the WRC subunit eliminated and coincided with the lack of recruitment of Ena/VASP family actin polymerases. Moreover, aside from Ena/VASP proteins, LLS contained all lamellipodial regulators tested, including cortactin (also known as CTTN), the Ena/VASP ligand lamellipodin (also known as RAPH1) and FMNL subfamily formins. Rac-dependent but WRC-independent actin remodeling could also be triggered in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by growth factor (HGF) treatment or by gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes usurping HGF receptor signaling for host cell invasion. Taken together, our studies thus establish the existence of a signaling axis to Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin remodeling at the cell periphery that operates without WRC and Ena/VASP.
Intensive behavioural interventions based on applied behaviour analysis (ABA) for young children with autism: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Hodgson Robert , Biswas Mousumi , Palmer Stephen , Marshall David , Rodgers Mark , Stewart Lesley , Simmonds Mark , Rai Dheeraj , Le Couteur Ann 
Published: August 2022

Background
The economic and social costs of autism are significant. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of early intensive Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)-based interventions for autistic pre-school children in the UK.

Methods
A de novo economic analysis was developed in Microsoft Excel comparing early intensive ABA-based interventions compared with treatment as usual (TAU). The analysis used 15.5-year time horizon, with costs and benefits discounted a 3.5%. The model structure was based on cohort structure to capture changes in adaptive behaviour and cognitive ability over time. The analysis was informed by an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of available evidence.

Results
Adopting a public sector perspective, early intensive ABA-based therapies were associated with greater incremental costs and greater benefits. When pessimistic assumptions were made regarding the long-term effects of treatment incremental costs were £46,103 and incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were 0.24, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £189,122 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). When optimistic assumptions were made about long-term effects, incremental costs were £39,233 with incremental benefits of 0.84 QALYs. The resulting ICER was £46,768 per QALY. Scenario analyses emphasised the importance of assumptions made regarding adult outcomes and type of school attended, both of which significantly affect the results of the analysis.

Conclusions
The results of this economic analysis suggest that early intensive ABA-based interventions are unlikely to represent value for money, based on a £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY threshold typically adopted to inform UK healthcare funding decisions. However, important gaps in the available evidence, limit the strength of the conclusions that can be drawn from the presented analysis. Further research, focusing on the trajectory of autistic children following intervention is likely to be highly beneficial to resolving some of these uncertainties.
The effect of graphene nano-powder on the viscosity of water: An experimental study and artificial neural network modeling
Authors: Alqaed Saeed , Mustafa Jawed , Sharifpur Mohsen , Cheraghian Goshtasp 
Published: August 2022

AbstractViscosity shifts the flow features of a liquid and affects the consistency of a product, which is a primary factor in demonstrating forces that should be overcome when fluids are transported in pipelines or employed in lubrication. In carbon-based materials, due to their extensive use in industry, finding the simple and reliable equations that can predict the rheological behavior is essential. In this research, the rheological nature of graphene/aqueous nanofluid was examined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction were used for analyzing the phase and structure. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were also employed for micro and nano structural-study. Moreover, nanofluid stability was examinedviazeta-potential measurement. Results showed that nanofluid has non-Newtonian nature, the same as the power-law form. Further, from 25 to 50°C, at 12.23 s−1, viscosity decreased by 56.9, 54.9, and 38.5% for 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL nanofluids, respectively. From 25 to 50°C, at 122.3 s−1, viscosity decreased by 42.5, 42.3, and 33.3% for 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL nanofluids, respectively. Besides, to determine the viscosity of nanofluid in varied temperatures and mass concentrations, an artificial neural networkvia R2= 0.999 was applied. Finally, the simple and reliable equations that can predict the rheological behavior of graphene/water nanofluid are calculated.
22nd EAA Congress – 15th ISGA Congress – 5th International Conference of Evolutionary Medicine
Authors: Tutkuviene Janina , Cameron Noel , Jakimaviciene Egle Marija , Janulioniene Rasa 
Published: August 2022

This Abstract book covers material of the Joint International Meeting: 22nd EAA Congress, 15th ISGA Congress, 5th International Conference of Evolutionary Medicine. This event was organized at Vilnius University (Lithuania) in 2022 on August 24-27th in a hybrid way, which brought together 28 famous keynote speakers from Austria, Great Britain, the USA, Australia, Croatia, Poland, France, Switzerland, Germany and other countries. This book includes the abstracts of more than 180 presentations.
The main theme of the 22nd Congress of EAA (European Anthropology Association) is Human variation and adaptation in a changing world with a particular focus on physical, biopsychosocial and general health changes in the human body. The topics of the 15th Congress of ISGA (International Society for the Study of Human Growth and Clinical Auxology) expand our understanding of human growth and development in health and disease. Special attention is paid to human growth in the period of early ontogenesis, to environmental factors affecting growth (including growth in war and other stressful conditions), children and adolescents’ nutrition and body composition, also modern analyses of growth data. The 5th International Conference on Evolutionary Medicine expands an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the diversity of human health and disease, sharing research from different fields to cooperate together in order to understand the mechanisms of different disease from the evolutionary point of view.
The Abstract Book of this joint international event should not only be interesting to scientists of various scientific fields such as anthropology, human biology, public health, and health education, but also to clinical doctors, especially neonatologists, paediatricians, family practitioners and many others. Organisers believe that knowledge of the potential of human adaptation and evolutionary mechanisms in maintaining the health and wellbeing of our species will encourage fruitful interdisciplinary discussions in medical society as well as among biologists, sociologists and other specialists.