bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic changes in human spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction in normozoospermia and asthenozoospermia
Authors: Chhikara Nirmal , Tomar Anil Kumar , Datta Sudip Kumar , Yadav Savita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe cellular and molecular mechanisms of the events that help spermatozoa acquire their fertilizing capability during capacitation and acrosome reaction are not completely understood.ObjectiveThis study was performed with a postulation that the identification of sperm proteins and their changes during in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction will unravel unknown molecular aspects of fertilization that impact male fertility.Materials and methodsSpermatozoa collected from sequential conditions, that is, separation of ejaculated spermatozoa by Percoll gradient centrifugation, in vitro capacitation, and acrosome reaction were processed for tandem mass spectrometric analysis, followed by protein identification, label‐free quantitation, and statistical analysis.Results and discussionCollectively, a total of 1088 sperm proteins were identified. In comparison to ejaculated spermatozoa, 44 and 141 proteins were differentially expressed in capacitated and acrosome reacted spermatozoa, respectively. A large number of proteins were found downregulated, including clusterin, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component, semenogelin‐1 and 2, heat shock protein 90, beta‐microseminoprotein, and keratin. It was expected as sperm‐membrane‐associated proteins are removed during capacitation. There were significant proteomic alterations in asthenozoospermia compared to normozoospermia; however, variation was more noticeable among proteins of acrosome reacted spermatozoa and those released during the acrosome reaction. The processes enriched among downregulated proteins in asthenozoospermia included acrosome assembly, binding of spermatozoa to zona pellucida, nucleosome assembly, flagellated sperm motility, protein folding, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, chromatin silencing, gluconeogenesis, glycolytic process, and glycolysis.ConclusionThe dynamic information generated about proteomic alterations in spermatozoa during capacitation and acrosome reaction and their variability in asthenozoospermia will contribute not only to enhancing our understanding of processes that prepare spermatozoa to acquire fertilization capability but also help in deciphering novel factors of male infertility.
Family‐centred care and breastfeeding self‐efficacy determined how ready mothers were for their infants to be discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Lebel Valérie , Argiropoulos Nikolas , Robins Stephanie , Charbonneau Lyne , Feeley Nancy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimWe examined if a range of factors were associated with how ready mothers were for their infants to be discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a study on the well‐being of mothers whose infants were hospitalised in the level 3 NICU at the Jewish General Hospital in Canada. We studied 132 mother–infant dyads: 70 from an open ward NICU and 62 from the purpose‐built NICU with pods or single‐family rooms that replaced it in 2016. The mothers completed a questionnaire on NICU stress and their perceptions of family‐centred care on enrolment and another on breastfeeding self‐efficacy and readiness to go home a week before discharge. The infants' characteristics were retrieved from the medical files.ResultsThe infants were born at a mean age of 29.8 ± 3.1 weeks. Greater family‐centred care during early hospitalisation (p = 0.01) and greater breastfeeding self‐efficacy in the period before discharge (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with higher readiness for discharge. The unit design was not significantly associated with readiness for discharge.ConclusionThe quality of early family‐centred care and breastfeeding self‐efficacy were significantly associated with how ready mothers were for their preterm infant to be discharged from the NICU.
Pursuing a uniform effect: Pathways linking exposure to normatively‐focused scientific consensus messages (NFSCMs) to behavioral intention to adopt science
Authors: Koh Hyeseung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study tested the effect of normatively‐focused scientific consensus messages (NFSCMs) on receivers' intention to consume GE‐foods. In Study 1, the efficacy of a NFSCM was examined, relative to a standard descriptive norm message (SDNM), a scientific consensus message (SCM), and two control messages, issue‐relevant and issue‐irrelevant messages, using an experiment. In Study 2, the effect of the NFSCM with discrete descriptive norm formats was tested, relative to a standard message used in the real world, using an experiment. Results indicated that the effect of exposure to the NFSCM on intention was mediated via attentional focus on the norm information and perceptions about the norm, which is consistent with those in prior literature. The re‐specified model was not contingent on participants’ education level, gender and political stance indicating a uniform effect. Exposure to the messages also changed receivers’ feeling of disgust and un/certainty about the scientific issue in desirable ways.
Clinical utility of a model‐based amoxicillin dosage regimen in neonates with early‐onset sepsis
Authors: Kou Chen , Li Di‐Fei , Tang Bo‐Hao , Dong Lei , Yao Bu‐Fan , van den Anker John , You Dian‐Ping , Wu Yue‐E , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2022

Early‐onset sepsis (EOS) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Currently, amoxicillin is empirically used to treat neonates with EOS. However, data on its effectiveness in neonates with EOS are still limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics (PD) target attainment and effectiveness of a model‐based amoxicillin dosage regimen in these neonates. We used a previously developed model and collected additional clinical data from the EOS neonates who used the model‐based dosage regimen (25 mg/kg every 12 h). The primary outcomes were PD target attainment (free drug concentration above minimum inhibitory concentration during 70% of the dosing interval) and treatment failure rate. The secondary endpoints were length of amoxicillin treatment, duration of hospitalization etc. Seventy‐five neonates (postmenstrual age 28.4–41.6 wk) were enrolled. A total of 70 (93.3%) neonates reached their PD target using 1 mg/L as the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint. The treatment failure rate was 10.7%.
Enough chit‐chat, strike! Deliberation and agonism in corporate governance
Authors: Richard Stanislas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis conceptual paper contributes to the critique of a body of literature that will be named ‘deliberative corporate governance’ by defending non‐deliberative acts performed by stakeholders. It first argues that this literature introduces to the corporation a decision‐making process where it does not belong, given the corporation's economic role. This leads to an ‘efficiency constraint’ on any attempt to justify deliberation – deliberative governance theorists must show that it is the most efficient and cost‐effective way to address the issues that concern them. A real case example where deliberation would have been counter‐productive in that regard will show that this is not the case. Building on this example, the paper uses the theory of democratic agonism to argue that non‐deliberative acts should be part of governance. A sketch of managerial duties vis‐à‐vis such acts is attempted as well. The paper does not seek to reject deliberative corporate governance entirely, but rather to defend the importance of non‐deliberative practices in addressing its theoretical concern. It makes a conceptual contribution to corporate governance theory, from which it draws practical implications for stakeholders‐oriented management.
‘Wanting no regrets’: Parental decision making around selective dorsal rhizotomy
Authors: Waite Gillian , Chugh Deepti , Cawker Stephanie , Oulton Kate , Wray Jo , Harniess Phill 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is an irreversible neurosurgical procedure used to reduce spasticity while aiming to improve gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Little research has explored the complexity of parental decision‐making experiences surrounding SDR surgery and required rehabilitation. The aim was to explore parental experiences and expectation in the decision‐making process around the SDR operation, physiotherapy treatment and outcomes.MethodQualitative methods using in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were used. Eighteen parents (11 mothers and 7 fathers) participated whose child had SDR and completed 2‐year post‐operative rehabilitation. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsDecision making involved an interacting process between the ‘parental information seeking experience’, ‘influence of professional encounters and relationships’ and ‘emotional and social aspects’. Despite underlying uncertainties about outcomes, parental drivers of expectations and aspirations for their child preceded and sustained this decision‐making process. A foundational narrative of ‘wanting no regrets’ resolved their decision to undertake SDR. Outcomes did not always match expectations, and parents moved away from a position of idealism, which was driven in part by parental information seeking including overly optimistic media representation.ConclusionUniversally, parents expressed they had ‘no regrets’ on their decision, yet many felt a mismatch between expectation and outcomes of SDR surgery. A greater understanding of the complex nature of SDR decision making is required to help improve family preparedness and provide support from clinicians to enable balanced discussions in parental decision‐making.
Examination of school readiness and factors related to developmental vulnerability in children born very low birth weight
Authors: Bando Nicole , Walton Kathryn , O'Connor Deborah L. , Janus Magdalena , Unger Sharon L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany children born very low birth weight (VLBW) experience school struggles with preparedness requiring adequate physical, social, behavioural, cognitive and communication skills. A global assessment of proficiency is necessary to identify those at risk in any such area and direct early intervention accordingly. Study objectives were to characterize developmental vulnerability and school readiness scores in these key domains in a sample of children born VLBW versus their provincial public school system peers and identify early‐life infant and parent factors related to suboptimal school readiness.MethodsThe Early Development Instrument teacher assessments of school readiness were collected for a Canadian VLBW sample (NCT02759809). Comparisons between children born VLBW and peers were made. Group differences between children born VLBW considered vulnerable (<10th percentile, not developmentally ready for learning) and not vulnerable were tested and linear regression explored associations between early‐life factors and domain scores.ResultsOf 77 available Early Development Instrument assessments, median (interquartile range) assessment age was 6.0 (5.7, 6.2) years, birth weight 950 (793, 1250) grammes and birth gestation 27.4 (25.6, 29.7) weeks. A higher proportion of children born VLBW versus peers exhibited vulnerability in Physical Health and Well‐being (24.7% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.04), Communication Skills and General Knowledge (23.4% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.0001) and vulnerability in ≥2 domains (26.0% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.004). Children born VLBW classified as vulnerable versus not vulnerable had lower birth gestation and 5‐min Apgar. Adjusted regression models found Apgar <7 associated with lower scores for Physical Health and Well‐being (−0.86; 95%CI: −1.71, −0.00; p = 0.049), Social Competence (−1.77; 95%CI: −2.92, −0.62; p = 0.003), Emotional Maturity (−1.55; 95%CI: −2.43, −0.66; p = 0.0009) and Communication Skills and General Knowledge (−1.63; 95%CI: −3.19, −0.06; p = 0.04).ConclusionsThis VLBW sample exhibited poor school readiness in multiple domains. Identification of lower birth gestation and Apgar may assist targeted early interventions to mitigate vulnerability.
Biologic therapy practices in severe asthma; outcomes from the UK Severe Asthma Registry and survey of specialist opinion
Authors: Mansur Adel H. , Gonem Sherif , Brown Thomas , Burhan Hassan , Chaudhuri Rekha , Dodd James W. , Pantin Thomas , Gore Robin , Jackson David , Menzies‐Gow Andrew , Patel Mitesh , Pavord Ian , Pfeffer Paul , Siddiqui Salman , Busby John , Heaney Liam G. ,   UK Severe Asthma Registry
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral biological treatments have become available for management of severe asthma. There is a significant overlap in the indication of these treatments with lack of consensus on the first‐line biologic choice and switching practice in event of treatment failure.AimsTo evaluate outcomes of biologic treatments through analysis of the UK Severe Asthma Registry (UKSAR), and survey of the UK severe asthma specialists' opinion.MethodsPatients registered in the UKSAR database and treated with biologics for severe asthma in the period between January 2014 and August 2021, were studied to explore biologic treatments practice. This was complemented by survey of opinion of severe asthma specialists.ResultsA total of 2490 patients from 10 severe asthma centres were included in the study (mean age 51.3 years, 61.1% female, mean BMI 30.9 kg/m2). Biologics use included mepolizumab 1115 (44.8%), benralizumab 925 (37.1%), omalizumab 432 (17.3%), dupilumab 13 (0.5%) and reslizumab 5 (0.2%). Patients on omalizumab were younger and had earlier age of onset asthma than those prescribed mepolizumab or benralizumab. Patients prescribed mepolizumab and benralizumab had similar clinical characteristics. Those on benralizumab were more likely to continue treatment at approximately one year follow‐up (93.9%), than those on mepolizumab (80%), or omalizumab (69.6%). The first‐choice biologic differed between centres and changed over the study time period. Experts' opinion also diverged in terms of biologic initiation choice and switching practice.ConclusionWe observed significant variation and divergence in the prescribing practices of biologics in severe asthma that necessitates further research and standardization.
A rapidly expanding nodule on the lower leg
Authors: Butt Sanaa , Haughey Veronica , Muncey-Buckley Morgan , Evans Alan , Bryden Alyson 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a case of a 34-year-old man who developed a lesion over his posterior calf. We discuss the clinical and histopathological features, as well as relevant immunohistochemical markers.
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Splice‐site variant in the RPS7 5′‐UTR leads to a decrease in the mRNA level and development of Diamond‐Blackfan anemia
Authors: Skorodumova Liubov O. , Davydenko Ksenia A. , Filatova Alexandra Y. , Skoblov Mikhail Yu , Kulemin Nikolay A. , Khadzhieva Maryam B. , Zakharova Elena S. , Gordeeva Veronika D. , Smetanina Nataliya S. , Fedyushkina Irina V. , Anastasevich Lyudmila A. , Larin Sergey S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiamond‐Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by erythroid aplasia. Pathogenic variants in ribosomal protein (RP) genes, GATA1, TSR2, and EPO, are considered to be the etiology of DBA. Variants in 5′‐untranslated regions (UTRs) of these genes are poorly studied and can complicate the variant interpretation. We investigated the functional consequences NM_001011.4:c.‐19 + 1G > T variant in the donor splice‐site of the RPS7 5′‐UTR. This variant was found in a family where two sons with DBA were carriers. Father, who also had this variant, developed myelodysplastic syndrome, which caused his death. Search for candidate causal variants and copy number variations in DBA‐associated genes left RPS7 variant as the best candidate. Trio whole exome sequencing analysis revealed no pathogenic variants in other genes. Functional analysis using luciferase expression system revealed that this variant leads to disruption of splicing. Also, a decrease in the levels of mRNA and protein expression was detected. In conclusion, the established consequences of 5′‐UTR splice‐site variant c.‐19 + 1G > T in the RPS7 gene provide evidence that it is likely pathogenic.
Prediction of tacrolimus and Wuzhi tablet pharmacokinetic interaction magnitude in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Chen Pan , Dai Rui , She Youjun , Fu Qian , Huang Min , Chen Xiao , Wang Changxi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimWuzhi tablets are a dose‐sparing agent for tacrolimus (TAC) in China and increase the bioavailability of TAC. The current study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction magnitude of Wuzhi and TAC and explore the potential determinants of this interaction.MethodsThis study performed a retrospective, self‐controlled study of 138 renal transplant recipients who were co‐administered TAC and Wuzhi. The trough concentration (C0) of TAC at baseline and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after Wuzhi co‐therapy initiation was measured, and the CYP3A5 polymorphism was genotyped. The corresponding clinical factors were recorded. The ratio of dose‐adjusted C0 (C0/D) post‐ and pre‐combination therapy (ΔC0/D) indicates the interaction magnitude. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify determinants and establish the prediction model.ResultsΔC0/D reached a steady state within 14 days. The geometrical mean ΔC0/D was 2.91 (range 1.02–9.49, IQR 2.13–3.80). ΔC0/D was blunted in CYP3A5 expressers (estimated effect: ‐39.8%, P = .001) and affected by hematocrit (Hct) (+24.0% per 10% increase, P = .005) and baseline C0/D (‐31.9% per 1 ng·ml‐1·mg‐1 increase, P < .001). The prediction model was ΔC0/D = .319baseline C0/D × 1.398CYP3A5 (expressers = 0/non‐expressers = 1) × 1.024Hct × 1.744, and it explained 28.1% of the variability.ConclusionOur study is the first attempt to date to give an assessment of the magnitude of pharmacokinetic interaction between TAC and Wuzhi in a cohort of renal transplant recipients, and CYP3A5 genotypes, baseline C0/D and Hct were identified as determinants of this interaction.
Alcohol‐associated liver disease predicts increased post‐liver transplant opioid use
Authors: Johnson‐Laghi Krystina A. , Woo Stephanie M. , Zafar Zaeema , Fernandez Stephen , Desale Sameer , Robertazzi Suzanne E. , Smith Coleman I. , Thomas Arul M. , Lalos Alexander T. , Georgia Sarah J. , Jenkins Michelle L. , Faust Thomas W. , Fishbein Thomas M. , Satoskar Rohit S. , Rangnekar Amol S. , Hsu Christine C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) is a rising indication for liver transplantation (LT). Prolonged opioid use after LT leads to increased graft loss and mortality. The aim is to determine if patients transplanted with a primary diagnosis of ALD had higher risk of post‐LT opioid use (p‐LTOU) compared to non‐ALD patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients who underwent LT between 2015 and 2018 at Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute. Patients with prolonged hospitalization post‐LT (>90 days), death within 90 days post‐LT, and re‐transplants were excluded.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety seven patients were transplanted, among 29% for indications of ALD. ALD patients were younger (52 vs. 56 years), more likely to be male (76% vs. 61%), Caucasian (71% vs. 44%), have higher MELD (28.8±8.8 vs. 25±8.8), and psychiatric disease than non‐ALD patients (P < .05). There was no difference in pre‐LT use of opioids, tobacco, marijuana, or illicit drugs between ALD and non‐ALD patients. Pre‐LT opioid use (OR = 11.7, P < .001), ALD (OR = 2.5, P = .01), and MELD score (OR = .95, P = .02) independently predicted 90‐day p‐LTOU.ConclusionsALD, pre‐LT opioid use, and MELD score independently predict p‐LTOU. Special attention should be paid to identify post‐LT prolonged opioid use in ALD patients.
Larger effect size in composite kidney outcomes than in major cardiovascular events associated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors compared with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs): A pooled analysis of type 2 diabetes trials
Authors: Diallo Alhassane , Carlos‐Bolumbu Miguel , Renard Pr Eric , Galtier Florence 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo compare treatment effect sizes between a composite kidney outcome (CKO) and three‐point major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE‐3) outcomes with use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs), and to investigate the relationship between treatment effects on CKO and MACE‐3 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsWe performed a MEDLINE database search up to December 31, 2021 to identify all placebo‐controlled Phase 3 trials which investigated the efficacy of glucose‐lowering interventions, and selected those reporting results for CKO and MACE‐3. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for both outcomes were extracted for each trial, and we evaluated differences in treatment effect sizes by using a ratio of HRs (rHR): the HR for CKO to the HR for MACE‐3. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to obtain the overall rHR across trials and according to subgroup. We investigated the relationship between treatment effects on CKO and MACE‐3 using the coefficient of determination (R2) with weighted meta‐regression. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022299690).ResultsA total of 12 studies fulfilled the prespecified criteria, and comprised a total of 104 987 patients with T2D. On average, treatment effect sizes were 17% greater for CKO than for MACE‐3 (rHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.92; I2 = 50%; P = 0.03; τ2 = 0.0161), especially for trials of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with GLP‐1RAs. For secondary outcomes, treatment effect size was 22%, 21%, 16% and 9% greater for CKO than for myocardial infarction, stroke, death from cardiovascular causes, and hospitalization for heart disease, respectively. MACE‐3 and CKO were moderately correlated (ρ = 0.40; P = 0.21), and only 11% (95% CI 1% to 54%) of the variability in the MACE‐3 effect could be explained by the variability in the CKO effect.ConclusionIn T2D patients, treatment effect sizes were greater for kidney than for macrovascular (MACE‐3) outcomes, with important differences according to the drugs considered. CKO and MACE‐3 are independent. Caution must be taken when interpreting CKO in the absence of MACE‐3 data.