bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade and War: A Fiscal-Military State Within the French Empire, 1797–1801
Authors: Covo Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter follows the formation of Toussaint Louverture’s quasi-state as the subverted hub of commercial republicanism. After the British rapprochement with the United States shattered the French-American alliance, the French-British war consolidated the commercial partnership between the besieged French colony and the early American republic. Through an unstable and explosive sequence of events, Toussaint Louverture refashioned both the French-American alliance and the French Empire on his own terms. After 1797, Toussaint Louverture legalized the partnership and realized his vision of a fiscal-military state within the French Empire that had little to do with either republicanism or liberty of commerce. This quasi-state remained caught between the ambitions of rival empires, the overreach of powerful merchants, growing internal popular resistance, and a looming metropolitan backlash.
Seeking Truth and Hiding Facts
Authors: Wallace Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA few numbers came to define Chinese politics, until they did not count what mattered and what they counted did not measure up. Seeking Truth and Hiding Facts argues that the Chinese government adopted a system of limited, quantified vision in order to survive the disasters unleashed by Mao Zedong’s ideological leadership, explains how that system worked, and analyzes how problems accumulated in its blind spots leading Xi Jinping to take the regime into a neopolitical turn. Xi’s new normal is an attempt to fix the problems of the prior system, as well as a hedge against an inability to do so. The book argues that while of course dictators stay in power through coercion and co-optation, they also do so by convincing their populations and themselves of their right to rule. Quantification is one tool in this persuasive arsenal, but it comes with its own perils.
Deployments and Crime
Authors: Allen Michael A. , Flynn Michael E. , Machain Carla Martinez , Stravers Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how criminal victimization of civilians and members of their social network affect respondents' views of the US military, government, and people. Reported experience with crime relates to attitudes in varied ways. In some countries, those personally experiencing crime have more positive views of the US military presence than those who did not. In others, these experiences correlate with a lower likelihood of expressing positive views of the US military presence. In contrast, the effect of knowing someone who has been the victim of a crime committed by a US service member is more consistently negative across countries. In addition, having had personal contact with the US military can moderate the negative effect of crime on views of the US military presence. Assessing these negative interactions in the context of contact and economic benefits makes it possible to specify better the full Domain of Competitive Consent.
Introduction
Authors: Arce Moisés , Hendricks, Michael S. , Polizzi Marc S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter situates resource conflicts in the Global South by highlighting the importance of resource extraction to developing economies in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. It presents the positive and negative externalities that are commonly associated with extractive activities. It suggests that an approach based on individual-level attitudes enables researchers to get closer to the roots or micro-politics, where views over mining are formed or reinforced. This approach provides a more representative picture of the diversity of views about mining, particularly in conflict areas where opposition to mining appears to be widespread. These individual views, in turn, inform mobilizing strategies over mining, which to date have been the main focus of the existing literature on this subject.
Understanding Opposition to and Support for Resource Extraction
Authors: Arce Moisés , Hendricks, Michael S. , Polizzi Marc S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the contributions of the existing literature and shows how an approach based on individual attitudes fills important gaps in the current scholarship. It develops the theoretical arguments about social engagement and how it helps to differentiate individuals who oppose mining from those who support these activities. It emphasizes what individuals get from participation in local organizations (e.g., critical information about mining threats, empowerment, a community worldview free of mining) and how these outcomes work to shape or reinforce views about mining. The chapter also situates the threats and opportunities presented by mining by drawing attention to the nature of claims over extractive activities, which we categorized as either rejection or redistribution claims. The chapter concludes by explaining the selection of case studies and the research methodology informing the empirical analysis.
Choosing a Good Society
Authors: Congleton Roger D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen choosing among alternative constitutional designs and constraints for governments, forward-looking voters will delegate authority to governments only to the extent that they believe them to be trustworthy, which in turn varies with the ethos commonplace among government officials. The more trustworthy government employees and elected officials are perceived to be relative to others, the more authority voters will be inclined to delegate to their governments. Institutional designs alone are not sufficient to generate good government—as evidenced by recent findings that suggest that constitutional democracies vary in their performance because of differences in their most commonplace ethical dispositions.
The Expressive Instinct
Authors: Kaimal Girija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The premise of this book is that creative self-expression is as fundamental to mental health and well-being as physical exercise and nutritious food are to the body. The author seeks to explain the human instinct for creative expression: why it exists, what happens when we cannot express ourselves effectively, the sublimating role of creativity, how it aids healing, and how it can help us thrive biologically, psychologically, spiritually, and physically (including as sexual beings). The four goals of the book are as follows: (1) to dispel the idea that creativity is the domain of a select gifted few; (2) to democratize the idea of creative self-expression and share evidence from neurobiology and neuroscience on how making things, innovating, and bridging from the intangible of the imagination to the concreteness of objects promotes well-being; (3) to show how, when we face adversity and trauma to an extent that threatens our own capacity to function, working with someone like an art therapist who can serve a facilitative role can help us develop a sense of belonging and function adaptively in the world again; and (4) to provide suggestions on how the results of research on creative self-expression and well-being can be integrated into our lives and what we have to look forward to in the future.
What lies ahead?
Authors: Kaimal Girija 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
My aim with this book was to cover theory, historical perspectives, and research on the role of creative self-expression (mainly visual art) in our lives. To see the value of our innate creative potential and to use our imaginative skills to engage in self-expression is to be able to survive and thrive. Creative materials, strategies, and tools exist to tell our stories in word and image, democratizing creative capacity in the process. Each day is then the start of a new quest, adding learning through experiences to the continuing tale that is our collective and individual human journey. Although there is an emerging and robust body of research on arts and health, much remains to be known. We are entering the new world of art media at the intersection of digital tools and societal transformation. Creative self-expression can help us at the individual level and could also transform communities through the same principles of communication, empathy, and metaphors. New forms of expression and innovative research tools await us in preparing the next generation of creative individuals, arts therapists, and arts and health workers.
Climate Future
Authors: Pindyck Robert S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost books and articles about climate change focus on two important questions. First, what will growing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) mean for the climate over the coming decades? By how much will temperatures increase and sea levels rise? And what will be the economic and social damage resulting from these changes? Second, what should be done to avert climate change? By how much and how rapidly should GHG emissions be reduced? Is a carbon tax the best policy tool, and if so, how large should the tax be? But two additional questions are equally important. First, while we might agree on what should be done, we must ask what will be done to avert climate change. Is it realistic to expect worldwide emissions to fall rapidly enough to prevent severe climate change? Second, if we conclude it is not realistic, so that higher temperatures and rising sea levels are likely, what should we do? What actions should we take now to reduce the likely impact of climate change? These questions are the focus of this book. The book explains how and why there is considerable uncertainty over what might happen. We might be lucky and experience only mild climate change, but counting on good luck is not smart policy. This book shows that given the economic and political realities, it is simply not realistic to expect the GHG emission reductions needed to avert substantial global warming. We should therefore invest now in adaptation to reduce the possible impacts of warming, and this book shows how that can be done.
Writing Up the Research Findings
Authors: Brinkmann Svend 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A common problem in qualitative interviewing concerns how to reduce or condense the often large amounts of data in interview studies. Chapter 5, on writing up the research findings, uses this problem as a springboard for describing more generally how to report research findings in ways that are both compelling and rigorous. The chapter refers to examples of findings that are based on theoretical readings of qualitative data and also discusses ways of presenting findings that are much freer from social science theory. There are numerous ways of writing up the findings, among them ways that make use of inductive, deductive, and abductive strategies, which are all discussed. The chapter also advocates the use of displays, which are graphic presentations of large amounts of data in ways that include what is central and makes transparent what has been left out.
Traveler’s Rest
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Augustine’s journey of faith is a travelogue that takes him from Carthage to Rome to Milan and, at last, to the heart of God. Along the way, he will learn a great deal from the death of a young man he loves. A beggar will teach him a lesson about true happiness. Disillusioned with Manicheism, he at last finds a Christian he can look up to: Ambrose, bishop of Milan. Ambrose helps him bridge the divide between Platonism and Christianity. Not only is Augustine seeking God, but God is searching for him. In a garden in Milan, his crisis comes to a head. The drama of conversion is completed in high literary style. Afterward, he quits rhetoric and gives up sex. He and his mother rejoice together and share a mystical experience of heaven. Soon after, his mother dies. Augustine returns to Africa with his friends. His book ends with a prayer for his mother.
An Illness and a Healing
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Novelist Reynolds Price had everything going for him—love, artistic success, reputation—until in the prime of life he began “slapping” his left foot on the pavement. Thus begins a journey down the corridors of neurology, surgery, religious mysticism, radiation, drugs, pain, paraplegia, panic attacks, renewed poetry, and finally, A Whole New Life. His is a true memoir—written about one thing—his cancer and the healing of his life. He includes poems in his memoir, one of which addresses the tumor on his spine as “the Eel.” He is honest about his anger, fear, and suffering, generous in his gratitude for friends, and heroic in his determination to be healed. The turning point occurs in his famous vision of Jesus beside the Sea of Galilee. The two men enter the water. Jesus forgives his sins and heals him. Price is not medically cured but spiritually “healed” (the biblical word). His life is made whole.
The Little Way
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thérèse of Lisieux is the most unlikely saint in the church’s starry heaven. She did not die a martyr. Her sainthood was the product of French bourgeois Catholicism and orchestrated by her family, which groomed her for sainthood from an early age. In her family, sainthood meant calculated suffering for the sake of suffering and was often expressed with cloying sweetness. “The Little Flower” articulates all this and more in her brief memoir, Story of a Soul. Following Thérèse’s death from tuberculosis at age twenty-four, her sister Cèline created a culturally attractive image of a saint by doctoring hundreds of photos. Ironically, Thérèse really was a saint! For she explains what it is to love in the ordinary interactions of daily life. She calls her method the “Little Way,” and it has inspired millions to expressions of care for others. And the memoir, beginning with Thérèse’s promise to “entrust” her soul to the reader, still captivates the heart.
Bootstrap Justice
Authors: Gallagher Janice K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
How do people living in settings marked by normalized rights violations, transform into rights-claiming and, ultimately, rights-bearing citizens? Bootstrap Justice centers the voices and perspectives of people whose lives have been upended by the disappearance of their loved ones in Mexico. The book argues that as people participate in ongoing mobilization and claim-making over time (1) their legal consciousness— their understandings of the state and of themselves as citizens and political actors—shifts, and that with these shifts, (2) their ability to challenge impunity is likewise transformed. Drawing on over a decade of ethnographic work, Bootstrap Justice offers unique insight into the critical but often overlooked role of informal relationships and dynamics in shaping substantive legal and human rights outcomes. The book presents in-depth analyses of the individuals involved in the daily struggle to find their loved ones, the organizations they form, the social movements they join, and the state- and national-level legal and political contexts that condition what is possible for them to achieve. This multi-level, temporally situated perspective provides unique insight into what has been achieved in the past decade, and draws lessons relevant beyond Mexico about what can be achieved in the struggle against impunity.
Sex and the Great Reversal in Partisan Alignment
Authors: Wagner Regina L. , Shafer Byron E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Among the four major social cleavages, sex had the least stable relationship to policy preferences across the postwar period. So it should be no surprise that linkages between sex, policy, and party attachment were the most varied as well. Yet while sex-related policy preferences were highly labile, sex-based attachments to the political parties told a very different story, of a change in party alignment where the two sexes actually reversed modal party preferences. Though the issues driving Republicans toward the Democrats or Democrats toward the Republicans were not some simple obverse: rather, different issues drove men versus women to change party allegiance.
Partisan Alignments, Voter Priorities, and Presidential Ballots
Authors: Wagner Regina L. , Shafer Byron E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
All the preceding chapters focus on eliciting the partisan alignments connecting policy preferences with social backgrounds. As such, they establish the backgrounds to party identification in the general public, where the most likely vote for a party identifier is normally the candidate of their chosen party. Yet an Afterword approaches voting the other way around, asking which of these alignments at what point have contributed to partisan defection. What emerges is an early period dominated by social welfare, a middle period where national security and civil rights come to life, and a modern world pitting social welfare against cultural values.
Sons of God in the Greco-Roman World
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The world into which Christianity spread was also a world in which there were, as Paulsaid, many Gods and many lords (2 Cor. 8.5). One claim to divinity and divine sonship that was evident and unavoidable was that made for Roman emperors and their families. Those claims were everywhere apparent. Inevitably, Christian claims for the divine sonship of Jesus of Nazareth stood in a degree of tension with such claims. Roman understanding of religion was a matter of praxis rather than belief. Refusal to sacrifice, as Christians refused, dishonored the gods. But Rome was understood to owe her greatness to the gods. To refuse to honor the gods was the therefore to be a threat to the security of the empire.
Paul and the Son of God
Authors: Bryan Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Paul referred to Jesus as “Lord” and as “Son of God,” though he used the former much more often than the latter. Both expressions are clearly confessional, and sometimes occur as parts of a single assertion: so there is clearly no contradiction and even some overlap in meaning between them. But there is also a distinction between them. “Lord” is used primarily of Jesus’ in relation to his people—“my lord,” “our lord.” “Son of God” is used of Jesus’ unique relationship to God. God’s people also, however, become God’s “sons” (in Paul’s understanding evidently including “daughters”) of God by adoption and grace.
The Future of Liberal Democracy in the International Legal Order
Authors: Ginsburg Tom 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter asks the question: What will the international law of democratic governance look like in 2050? The question reflects the fact that notwithstanding pluralism, there is much normative architecture supporting liberal democratic norms on the international plane. This architecture is not matched by equally expansive enforcement, but weak mechanisms do exist. This chapter speculates on alternative scenarios and what they might mean for the persistence of liberal democracy as a going concern, through the lens of international law. One scenario is authoritarian dominance; a second is democratic revival; and a third is duopoly between the United States and China. Each scenario has profoundly different implications for democracy and for the character of international law.
Judicial Restraint (and Judicial Supremacy)
Authors: Michelman Frank I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Debates in constitutional democracies over “restraint” (versus “activism”) in judicial constitutional review have typically turned on a bedrock political value of democracy. The debates may also, however, be understood in the light of a different bedrock value, that of political legitimacy. A focus on legitimacy (as informed by the constitutional-democratic thought of John Rawls) prompts a disbundling of three types of restraint in judicial review—here distinguished as “reserved,” “tolerant,” and “weak-form”—which a focus on democracy tends to run together. A result is to complicate the choices for institutional design, while also clarifying the stakes. A Rawlsian supreme court, this chapter suggests, would not be overly reserved from readiness to speak in the constitution’s name; its practice would be tolerant of normal and inevitable political disagreement over constitutional meanings; it would still, however, retain some element of strong-form final authority—all these conclusions springing from the idea of constitutional law as a procedural platform of justification for political power, among free and equal citizens in conditions of reasonable pluralism, in answer to the problem of political liberalism.
Delegation Applications
Authors: Cooter Robert D. , Gilbert Michael D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter applies the theories of delegation developed earlier to problems in public law. To begin, the chapter studies judicial review of agency action. It discusses the Chevron doctrine, an important principle in administrative law, and the circumstances under which judges should defer to agencies. Next, the chapter studies legal limits on delegation. The “nondelegation doctrine” limits the power of one branch of government to delegate power to another branch of government. The chapter then turns to relationships between citizens and the state. Citizens can petition the government, seek subsidies, and even capture agencies. Officials can make public-spirited laws or hand out special favors. The chapter studies limits on these activities, including laws on lobbying, bribery, and campaign finance.
Adjudication Applications
Authors: Cooter Robert D. , Gilbert Michael D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter applies the theories of adjudication developed earlier to problems in public law. To begin, the chapter contrasts two methods of legal interpretation, textualism and intentionalism. Concepts from economics, including coordination games and transition costs, illuminate the choice between them. Next, the chapter studies features of legal doctrine, including prophylactic rules, precedent, and slippery slopes. The discussion addresses stare decisis and cooperation in the judicial branch. The chapter concludes with some puzzles in adjudication by multimember courts. Sometimes courts issue plurality opinions, meaning opinions with no majority. Sometimes the outcome of a case diverges from its reasoning (the “doctrinal paradox”). Sometimes voting by judges runs in circles. Economics can illuminate these puzzles.
Enforcement Applications
Authors: Cooter Robert D. , Gilbert Michael D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter applies the theories of enforcement developed earlier to problems in public law. To begin, the chapter concentrates on the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. The chapter summarizes the legal doctrine on searches and studies it from an economic perspective. The discussion covers warrants, qualified immunity for police officers, and the “exclusionary rule,” which forbids the government from using evidence in some cases. Next, the chapter addresses relationships between legal design and enforcement. The state can improve enforcement by adopting rules instead of standards, lowering the burden of proof, or adopting “insincerely” strict laws. Then the chapter moves beyond deterrence, studying how law can change people’s behavior without threatening punishment. Law can achieve this by supplying information, coordinating action, and possibly changing preferences. Finally, the chapter addresses judicial legitimacy and its connection to a venerable question: When will the state follow its own laws?