bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Area-based inequalities and distribution of healthcare resources for managing diabetes in South Korea: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis
Authors: Ha Rangkyoung , Jung-Choi Kyunghee 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify area-based socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes management and to examine whether the distribution of healthcare resources could explain area-based inequalities in diabetes management.DesignCross-sectional multilevel analysis from national survey data.Setting and participantsData were derived from the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey. Study subjects included 23 760 participants aged 30 years or older with diabetes diagnosed by a doctor.Main outcome measuresThe dependent variables were self-reported good glycaemic control, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, recognition of the term HbA1c, and diabetic complications testing. Area Deprivation Index was used as an area-based measure of socioeconomic position. Factors related to regional healthcare resources—the coefficient of variation (CV) value of clinics and the number of physicians per 1000—were considered as potential mediating variables in explaining the association between diabetes management and area deprivation. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsCompared with the least deprived quintile, the likelihoods of not taking HbA1c tests, not recognising the term HbA1c, and not taking diabetic complication tests in the most deprived quintile were approximately 1.5 times (95% CI 1.25 to 1.80), 2.6 times (95% CI 1.97 to 3.45) and two times (95% CI 1.67 to 2.48) higher, respectively. In the most deprived quintile, CV value of clinics was the highest and the number of doctors was the lowest. Regional healthcare resource factors explained inequalities in managing diabetes by 14%–18%, especially in the most deprived quintile.ConclusionsThe results in this study suggest that socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes management may be explained by regional healthcare resource disparities. Policy interventions for a more even distribution of healthcare resources would likely reduce the magnitude of regional socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes management.
Communication tools used in cancer communication with children: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Yamaji Noyuri , Suzuki Daichi , Suto Maiko , Sasayama Kiriko , Ota Erika 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDespite the potential benefits of effective communication, telling children about cancer, unpredictable and life-threatening conditions is challenging. This study aimed to summarise the communication tools used in cancer communication among children with cancer, caregivers and healthcare professionals.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. We will search PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will include the qualitative and quantitative studies that reported the communication tools that tell a child diagnosed with cancer about the cancer-related information. We will summarise the communication tools and the impacts of the tools.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through the presentation at the conference and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Barriers to healthcare and self-reported adverse outcomes for autistic adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Doherty Mary , Neilson Stuart , O'Sullivan Jane , Carravallah Laura , Johnson Mona , Cullen Walter , Shaw Sebastian C K 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesAutistic people experience poor physical and mental health along with reduced life expectancy compared with non-autistic people. Our aim was to identify self-reported barriers to primary care access by autistic adults compared with non-autistic adults and to link these barriers to self-reported adverse health consequences.DesignFollowing consultation with the autistic community at an autistic conference, Autscape, we developed a self-report survey, which we administered online through social media platforms.SettingA 52-item, international, online survey.Participants507 autistic adults and 157 non-autistic adults.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported barriers to accessing healthcare and associated adverse health outcomes.ResultsEighty per cent of autistic adults and 37% of non-autistic respondents reported difficulty visiting a general practitioner (GP). The highest-rated barriers by autistic adults were deciding if symptoms warrant a GP visit (72%), difficulty making appointments by telephone (62%), not feeling understood (56%), difficulty communicating with their doctor (53%) and the waiting room environment (51%). Autistic adults reported a preference for online or text-based appointment booking, facility to email in advance the reason for consultation, the first or last clinic appointment and a quiet place to wait. Self-reported adverse health outcomes experienced by autistic adults were associated with barriers to accessing healthcare. Adverse outcomes included untreated physical and mental health conditions, not attending specialist referral or screening programmes, requiring more extensive treatment or surgery due to late presentations and untreated potentially life-threatening conditions. There were no significant differences in difficulty attending, barriers experienced or adverse outcomes between formally diagnosed and self-identified autistic respondents.ConclusionsReduction of healthcare inequalities for autistic people requires that healthcare providers understand autistic perspectives, communication needs and sensory sensitivities. Adjustments for autism-specific needs are as necessary as ramps for wheelchair users.
Effectiveness of progesterone supplementation in women presenting low progesterone levels on the day of frozen embryo transfer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Le Thi Minh Chau , Duong Khue Tu , Nguyen Quoc Anh , Ong Phuc Thinh , Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung , Thai Thi Cam Thu , Le Quang Thanh , Roque Matheus , Alviggi Carlo 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionProgesterone is an essential hormone involved in the process of implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Evidence from recent studies has supported the importance of serum progesterone level around the time of embryo transfer in hormonal replacement therapy frozen embryo transfer cycles and recommended the need for individualised luteal support. Low progesterone around the time of embryo transfer is found to be associated with decreased rate of pregnancy after frozen embryo transfer. This single-centre, longitudinal, randomised, interventional controlled study aims to compare the rate of ongoing pregnancy between two groups of women with progesterone level below 10 ng/mL on the day of frozen embryo transfer: the study group using 800 mg vaginal micronised progesterone supplemented with 50 mg intramuscular progesterone per day and the control group using only 800 mg vaginal micronised progesterone.Methods and analysisWe enrol patients who are undergoing frozen embryo transfers with blastocyst-stage or cleavage-stage embryos and who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After signing the informed consent, participants are randomised into two groups: the study group using vaginal micronised progesterone supplemented with progesterone intramuscular 50 mg per day and the control group using only vaginal micronised progesterone. Randomisation will be performed using R software at a 1:1 allocation ratio. Sequentially numbered, opaque sealed envelopes are used for allocation. The primary outcome is the rate of ongoing pregnancy. To demonstrate a difference of 10% with regard to rate of ongoing pregnancy, at least 370 participants per arm are required (type I error α=0.05, power=0.8). Assuming a dropout rate of 10%, a total of 824 patients (412 per group) will be invited.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tu Du Hospital on 17 May 2021 (reference number: 1251/QĐ-BVTD). All participants provide informed consent before being enrolled in the study. The results of our study will be submitted to reproductive medicine conferences and journals.Trial registration numberNCT04897269.
Health system impact of COVID-19 on urban slum population of Bangladesh: a mixed-method rapid assessment study
Authors: Mahmood Shehrin Shaila , Hasan Md. Zahid , Hasan A M Rumayan , Rabbani Md. Golam , Begum Farzana , Yousuf Tariq Bin , Hanifi Syed Manzoor Ahmed , Reidpath Daniel D , Rasheed Sabrina 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to rapidly assess the health system impact of COVID-19 in the urban slums of Bangladesh.DesignSetting and participantsA cross-sectional survey among 476 households was conducted during October–December 2020 in five selected urban slums of Dhaka North, Dhaka South and Gazipur City Corporation. In-depth interviews with purposively selected 22 slum dwellers and key informant interviews with 16 local healthcare providers and four policymakers and technical experts were also conducted.Outcome measuresPercentage of people suffering from general illness, percentage of people suffering from chronic illness, percentage of people seeking healthcare, percentage of people seeking maternal care, health system challenges resulting from COVID-19.ResultsAbout 12% of members suffered from general illness and 25% reported chronic illness. Over 80% sought healthcare and the majority sought care from informal healthcare providers. 39% of the recently delivered women sought healthcare in 3 months preceding the survey. An overall reduction in healthcare use was reported during the lockdown period compared with prepandemic time. Mismanagement and inefficient use of resources were reported as challenges of health financing during the pandemic. Health information sharing was inadequate at the urban slums, resulting from the lack of community and stakeholder engagement (51% received COVID-19-related information, 49% of respondents knew about the national hotline number for COVID-19 treatment). Shortage of human resources for health was reported to be acute during the pandemic, resulting from the shortage of specialist doctors and uneven distribution of health workforce. COVID-19 test was inadequate due to the lack of adequate test facilities and stigma associated with COVID-19. Lack of strong leadership and stakeholder engagement was seen as the barriers to effective pandemic management.ConclusionThe findings of the current study are expected to support the government in tailoring interventions and allocating resources more efficiently and timely during a pandemic.
Interaction between chloride and both macro- and micronutrients in annual canarygrass
Authors: Earl May William , MacGregor Michael 
Published: February 2022

Annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) has a larger response to chloride (Cl−) fertilizer than other cereal crops. This unexpected response prompted further research for unexpected interactions between Cl− and other nutrients in annual canaryseed. The objective of this study was to compare the interaction of macronutrients and micronutrients with Cl− on the development and grain yield of annual canarygrass. Thirteen fertilizer combinations were applied to determine the effect of macro- and micronutrients on annual canarygrass. A field study was conducted at six locations across Saskatchewan over a 4 yr period using a randomize complete block design. Grain yield had a strong chloride response at 7 of the 21 site years with a 70% increase in grain yield over the 7 site-years. A sideband application or surface application of Cl− were both effective. At the responsive sites without the addition of Cl−, the addition of other nutrients is not effective while at the non-responsive sites, responses to the nutrients can be achieved without the addition of Cl−. Chloride impacted canarygrass during reproductive development. Nitrogen is the major nutrient Cl− interacted with in this study. Canarygrass is not more responsive to phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc, copper, manganese, and boron than other cereals. In conclusion, at Cl−-responsive sites the application of nutrients are ineffective in the absence of Cl− fertilizer. In addition, the sensitivity of annual canarygrass to Cl− indicates that it could be used to investigate the role of Cl− in cereal crop development and grain yield.
Effective strategies for targeted attacks to the network of Cosa Nostra affiliates
Authors: Musciotto Federico , Miccichè Salvatore 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNetwork dismantling has recently gained interest in the fields of intelligence agencies, anti-corruption analysts and criminal investigators due to its efficiency in disrupting the activity of malicious agents. Here, we apply this approach to detect effective strategies for targeted attacks to Cosa Nostra by analysing the collaboration network of affiliates that participate to the same crimes. We preliminarily detect statistically significant homophily patterns induced by being member of the same mafia syndicate. We also find that links between members belonging to different mafia syndicates play a crucial role in connecting the network into a unique component, confirming the relevance of weak ties. Inspired by this result we investigate the resilience properties of the network under random and targeted attacks with a percolation based toy model. Random removal of nodes results to be quite inefficient in dismantling the network. Conversely, targeted attacks where nodes are removed according to ranked network centralities are significantly more effective. A strategy based on a removal of nodes that takes into account how much a member collaborates with different mafia syndicates has an efficiency similar to the one where nodes are removed according to their degree. The advantage of such a strategy is that it does not require a complete knowledge of the underlying network to be operationally effective.
Dust-acoustic solitary and periodic waves in magnetized self-gravito-electrostatic opposite polarity dusty plasmas
Authors: El-Taibany W. F. , EL-Labany S. K. , El-Helbawy A. S. , Atteya A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDust-acoustic (DA) solitary and periodic waves investigations were performed in a magnetized self-gravitating dusty plasma consisting of negatively and positively charged dust grains in the presence of inertialess ions and electrons. The Korteweg–de Vries–Burger (KdVB) equation has been derived. The numerical investigations revealed the compressive or rarefactive DA solitons depending on the plasma parameters. The nonlinear homoclinic and periodic trajectories from the KdVB equation were obtained for the phase portrait profiles when employing the phase plane theory of dynamical systems. The periodic wave solution depends also on the system parameters. The present results are considered to be beneficial in understanding the nonlinear structures in experimental devices and different astrophysical environments such as the Earth’s mesosphere, cometary tails, and Jupiter’s magnetosphere.
Considerations in the Selection of Donor Nerves for Nerve Transfer for Reanimation of Elbow and Shoulder in Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries
Authors: ZHANG Dafang , VARADHARAJAN Vigneswaran , BHARDWAJ Praveen , VENKATRAMANI Hari , SABAPATHY S. Raja 
Published: February 2022

The advent of nerve transfers has revolutionised the treatment of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries of the upper extremity. Nerve transfers offer faster reinnervation of a denervated muscle by taking advantage of a donor nerve, branch or fascicle close to the recipient muscle. A number of considerations in respect of donor selection for nerve transfers underlie their success. In this review article, we discuss the principles of donor selection for nerve transfers, the different options available and our considerations in choosing a suitable transfer in reanimating the elbow and the shoulder. We feel this will help nerve surgeons navigate the controversies in the selection of donor nerves and make appropriate treatment decisions for their patients. Level of Evidence: V (Therapeutic)
Feasibility and Short‐Term Effects of a Multi‐Component Emergency Department Blood Pressure Intervention: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Spieker Andrew J. , Nelson Lyndsay A. , Rothman Russell L. , Roumie Christianne L. , Kripalani Sunil , Coco Joseph , Fabbri Daniel , Levy Phillip , Collins Sean P. , Wang Tommy , Liu Dandan , McNaughton Candace D. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Emergency department (ED) visits can be opportunities to address uncontrolled hypertension. We sought to compare short‐term blood pressure measures between the Vanderbilt Emergency Room Bundle (VERB) intervention and usual care plus education.

Methods and Results

We conducted a randomized trial of 206 adult patients with hypertension and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) presenting to 2 urban emergency departments in Tennessee, USA. The VERB intervention included educational materials, a brief motivational interview, pillbox, primary care engagement letter, pharmacy resources, and 45 days of informational and reminder text messages. The education arm received a hypertension pamphlet. After 78 participants were enrolled, text messages requested confirmation of receipt. The primary clinical outcome was 30‐day SBP. The median 30‐day SBP was 122 and 126 mm Hg in the VERB and education arms, respectively. We estimated the mean 30‐day SBP to be 3.98 mm Hg lower in the VERB arm (95% CI, −2.44 to 10.4;
P
=0.22). Among participants enrolled after text messages were adapted, the respective median SBPs were 121 and 130 mm Hg, and we estimated the mean 30‐day SBP to be 8.57 mm Hg lower in the VERB arm (95% CI, 0.98‒16.2;
P
=0.027). In this subgroup, the median response rate to VERB text messages was 56% (interquartile range, [26%‒80%]).

Conclusions
This pilot study demonstrated feasibility and found an improvement in SBP for the subgroup for whom interactive messages were featured. Future studies should evaluate the role of interactive text messaging as part of a comprehensive emergency department intervention to improve blood pressure control.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02672787.
Individual Differences in Multisensory Processing Are Related to Broad Differences in the Balance of Local versus Distributed Information
Authors: Johnston Phillip R. , Alain Claude , McIntosh Anthony R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The brain's ability to extract information from multiple sensory channels is crucial to perception and effective engagement with the environment, but the individual differences observed in multisensory processing lack mechanistic explanation. We hypothesized that, from the perspective of information theory, individuals with more effective multisensory processing will exhibit a higher degree of shared information among distributed neural populations while engaged in a multisensory task, representing more effective coordination of information among regions. To investigate this, healthy young adults completed an audiovisual simultaneity judgment task to measure their temporal binding window (TBW), which quantifies the ability to distinguish fine discrepancies in timing between auditory and visual stimuli. EEG was then recorded during a second run of the simultaneity judgment task, and partial least squares was used to relate individual differences in the TBW width to source-localized EEG measures of local entropy and mutual information, indexing local and distributed processing of information, respectively. The narrowness of the TBW, reflecting more effective multisensory processing, was related to a broad pattern of higher mutual information and lower local entropy at multiple timescales. Furthermore, a small group of temporal and frontal cortical regions, including those previously implicated in multisensory integration and response selection, respectively, played a prominent role in this pattern. Overall, these findings suggest that individual differences in multisensory processing are related to widespread individual differences in the balance of distributed versus local information processing among a large subset of brain regions, with more distributed information being associated with more effective multisensory processing. The balance of distributed versus local information processing may therefore be a useful measure for exploring individual differences in multisensory processing, its relationship to higher cognitive traits, and its disruption in neurodevelopmental disorders and clinical conditions.
The Sense of Propulsion: Sartre’s Freedom as Deleuzian Force
Authors: Magomedov Elad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper will revitalize the notion of force in Sartre’s phenomenology by reinterpreting thrown-projection as propulsion. From there, Sartre’s analysis of agency will be explored as regards the constitutive moments pertaining to the dynamics of striving. We will see that such striving relates to Deleuze’s ideas on how bodily forces take consciousness into possession. In the final steps of the analysis, it will turn out that freedom is dependent on a rupture that emerges from self-determination of consciousness, which is itself not of the order of freedom.
Demystifying External Self-Determination and Remedial Secession in International Law
Authors: Mehmood Fatima 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article proposes remedial secession as an international legal solution conducive to the protection of the rights of the Kashmiri people. The triggering event for such a proposal is the unilateral abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution (which guaranteed Kashmir its semi-autonomous status within India) by the Government of India together with the subsequent human rights abuses in the region. External self-determination and remedial secession are not clearly recognised in the existing corpus of international law. This article aims to demystify external self-determination in international law and presents a normative argument in favour of recognising remedial secession in international law, albeit as a remedy of last resort, using Kashmir as a case study for its application. It is proposed that international law borrow from conflict-oriented approaches in political philosophy to garner adequate criteria in order to foreground, legitimise and properly delineate the contours of the proposed right to remedial secession. This article thus also presents possible means of effecting the proposed right to remedial secession, analyses their theoretical justifications and, through application in the context of Kashmir, discusses their practical value.
Civil Society Perspectives on Children’s Rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Authors: Chaney Paul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
“This study analyses civil society organisations’ (cso s’) discourse on children’s rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (opt). This is a troubled context, for Israel – the ‘State Party’ to the United Nation’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (crc), disputes that its obligations extend to the opt. In consequence, there has been a dearth of official data and scholarly attention to the situation. Discourse analysis of cso s’ reports to the UN’s monitoring mechanism, the Universal Periodic Review (upr), shows children are affected by a raft of violations including: sexual abuse, violence and inadequate access to health and education. The Israeli state’s engagement with the upr, whilst denying responsibility for the opt, raises questions about legitimation and performativity. The pathologies are compounded by state repression of civil society meaning that the upr is a singular means of highlighting children’s rights abuses in the Occupied Territories.