bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastroprotective effect of vitamin U in D‐galactosamine‐induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Topaloglu Dileknur , Turkyilmaz Ismet Burcu , Yanardag Refiye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGalactosamine (GalN) is a well‐known agent for inducing viral hepatitis models in rodents, but it can cause toxicity on different organs. Vitamin U (Vit U) has been proved as a powerful antioxidant on many toxicity models. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Vit U on GalN‐induced stomach injury. Rats were divided into four groups as follows: control (group I), Vit U given animals (50 mg/kg per day; group II), GalN administered animals (500 mg/kg at a single dose; group III), GalN + Vit U given animals (at the same dose and time, group IV). At the end of the 3rd day, animals were killed, and stomach tissues were taken. They were homogenized and centrifuged. In comparison to the control group, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and Na+/K+‐ATPase activities of GalN group were found to be decreased. On the contrary, lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidized protein products, hexose‐hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid, reactive oxygen species levels, as well as the activities of myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated. Administration of Vit U reversed these abnormalities in the GalN group. It can be concluded that Vit U exerts its unique antioxidant effect and prevents GalN‐induced gastric damage.
Theoretical exploration of the reactivity of cellulose models under non‐thermal plasma conditions—mechanistic and NBO studies
Authors: Lamine Walid , Guégan Frédéric , Jérôme François , Frapper Gilles 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMechanistic details of cellulose depolymerization by non‐thermal (atmospheric) plasma (NTAP) remains under‐explored given the complexity of the medium. In this study, we have investigated the reaction mechanism of glycosidic‐bond degradation triggered by reaction with hydroxyl radicals, considered as the principal reactive species in NTAP medium. In the first step of reaction sequence, H‐abstraction reactions by HO‧. radical on different CH sites of the pyranose ring were found to be non‐selective and markedly exergonic giving rise to a set of cellobiosyl carboradicals likely to undergo further reactions. We then showed that cellobiosyl carboradicals are protected against direct hydrolysis, no activation of the (1–4)‐ ‐glycosidic bond being characterized. Interestingly, a simple homolytic bond cleavage allowed to obtain desired monomer. Among the 18 possible fragmentations, involving CC and CO bond breaking from cellobiosyl carboradicals, 14 transition states were successfully identified, and only three reaction pathways proved kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to shed light on electronic structures of different compounds.
Assessment of density functional approximations for N2 and CO2 physisorption on benzene and graphene
Authors: Rayón Víctor M. , Cabria Iván 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExperimental isotherms of N2 and CO2 on carbon‐based porous materials and models of the physisorption of gases on surfaces are used to obtain the pore size distribution (PSD). An accurate modelization of the physisorption of N2 and CO2 on the surface of carbon‐based porous materials is important to obtain accurate N2 and CO2 storage capacities and reliable PSDs. Physisorption depends on the dispersion interactions. High precision ab initio methods, such as CCSD(T), consider accurately the dispersion interactions, but they are computationally expensive. Double hybrid, hybrid and DFT‐based methods are much less expensive. In the case of graphene, there are experimental data of the adsorption of N2 and CO2 on graphite that can be used to build the Steele interaction potential of these gases on graphene. The goal is to find out hybrid and/or DFT methods that are as accurate as the CCSD(T) on benzene and as accurate as the experimental results on graphene. Calculations of the interaction energy curves of N2 and CO2 on benzene and graphene have been carried out using the CCSD(T) method and several double hybrid, hybrid, and DFT methods that consider the dispersion interactions. The energy curves on benzene have been compared to the CCSD(T) and the energy curves on graphene have been compared with the Steele energy curves. The comparisons indicate that double hybrids with dispersion corrections and ωB97 based DFT methods are accurate enough for benzene. For graphene, only the PBE‐XDM functional has a good agreement with the Steele energy curves.
Knockdown of E1‐ and E2‐ubiquitin enzymes triggers defective chorion biogenesis and modulation of autophagy‐related genes in the follicle cells of the vector Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Pereira Jéssica , Dias Raphael , Ramos Isabela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn insects, the last stage of oogenesis is the process where the chorion layers (eggshell) are synthesized and deposited on the surface of the oocytes by the follicle cells. Protein homeostasis is determined by the fine‐tuning of translation and degradation pathways, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system is one of the major degradative routes in eukaryotic cells. The conjugation of ubiquitin to targeted substrates is mediated by the ordered action of E1‐activating, E2‐conjugating, and E3‐ligase enzymes, which covalently link ubiquitin to degradation‐targeted proteins delivering them to the proteolytic complex proteasome. Here, we found that the mRNAs encoding polyubiquitin (pUbq), E1, and E2 enzymes are highly expressed in the ovaries of the insect vector of Chagas Disease Rhodnius prolixus. RNAi silencing of pUbq was lethal whereas the silencing of E1 and E2 enzymes resulted in drastic decreases in oviposition and embryo viability. Eggs produced by the E1‐ and E2‐silenced insects presented particular phenotypes of altered chorion ultrastructure observed by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy as well as readings for dityrosine cross‐linking and X‐ray elemental microanalysis, suggesting a disruption in the secretory routes responsible for the chorion biogenesis. In addition, the ovaries from silenced insects presented altered levels of autophagy‐related genes as well as a tendency of upregulation in ER chaperones, indicating a disturbance in the general biosynthetic‐secretory pathway. Altogether, we found that E1 and E2 enzymes are essential for chorion biogenesis and that their silencing triggers the modulation of autophagy genes suggesting a coordinated function of both pathways for the progression of choriogenesis.
Complete directed minors and chromatic number
Authors: Mészáros Tamás , Steiner Raphael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dichromatic number of a digraph is the smallest for which it admits a ‐coloring where every color class induces an acyclic subgraph. Inspired by Hadwiger's conjecture for undirected graphs, several groups of authors have recently studied the containment of complete directed minors in digraphs with a given dichromatic number. In this note we exhibit a relation of these problems to Hadwiger's conjecture. Exploiting this relation, we show that every directed graph excluding the complete digraph of order as a strong minor or as a butterfly minor is ‐colorable. This answers a question by Axenovich, Girão, Snyder, and Weber, who proved an upper bound of for the same problem. A further consequence of our results is that every digraph of dichromatic number contains a subdivision of every ‐vertex subcubic digraph, which makes progress on a set of problems raised by Aboulker, Cohen, Havet, Lochet, Moura, and Thomassé.
Synovial sarcomas: A single surgeon experience of 130 cases
Authors: Andreani Lorenzo , Ipponi Edoardo , Mani Olimpia , Bayon Ginevra , Ruinato Alfio Damiano , Cosseddu Fabio , D'Arienzo Antonio , Capanna Rodolfo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSynovial sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that generally requires a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. In this study we report the experience of a single surgeon, evaluating surgical and oncological outcomes of the cases he treated through his 30 years carrier.MethodsWe enrolled patients treated surgically between 1988 and 2018. Surgical and medical treatments, as well as surgical and oncological results, were investigated.ResultsOne hundred and thirty cases were included. Surgical resection was carried out achieving wide margins in 90% of the cases. At their latest follow‐up, 76 patients were continuously disease free, 16 were no evidence of disease, and other 16 were alive with disease. Twenty cases were dead of disease and two dead of other causes. Twenty‐five patients (19%) had local recurrence of synovial sarcoma through their postoperative intercourse. Thirty‐seven patients (28%) were diagnosed with at least a metastasis during their follow‐up. The global survival of our population, at each patient's latest follow‐up, was 82%. Cases with tumor size above 5 cm had a significantly higher risk to develop metastasis (p = 0.002).ConclusionsSynovial sarcoma is a threatening disease and represents a challenge for oncological physicians and surgeons. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach are mandatory to limit the spread of synovial sarcomas, maximizing the effectiveness of surgery and the other treatments.
Multicenter validation of the PREDICT score for prediction of local recurrence after total mesorectal excision of rectal cancer
Authors: Emile Sameh H. , Madbouly Khaled M. , Elfeki Hossam , Shalaby Mostafa , Sakr Ahmad , Zuhdy Mohammad , Metwally Islam H. , Abdelkhalek Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTotal mesorectal excision (TME) is the gold standard treatment for rectal cancer. Although TME has managed to decrease the rates of local recurrence after rectal cancer resection, local recurrence is still recorded at varying rates. The present study aimed to validate the PREDICT score in the prediction of local recurrence of rectal cancer after TME with curative intent.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study on patients with nonmetastatic low or middle rectal cancer who underwent TME. The total PREDICT score was calculated for every patient and related to the onset of local recurrence. According to the final score, patients were allocated to one of three risk groups: low, moderate, and high, and the rates of local recurrence in each group were calculated and compared.ResultsThe present study included 262 patients (50.4% males) with a mean age of 47.1 years. The overall local recurrence rate was 12.6%. 29.4% of patients were in the low‐risk group, 63.7% in the moderate‐risk group, and 6.9% in the high‐risk group. The local recurrence rate was 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8–10.9) in the low‐risk group, 13.2% (95% CI: 8.4–19.3) in the moderate risk group, and 44.4% (95% CI: 21.5–69.2) in the high‐risk group (p < 0.0001). The sensitivity of the PREDICT score was 72.7%, the specificity was 88.1%, and the accuracy was 86.3%.ConclusionsThe PREDICT score had good diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of local recurrence after TME and a good discriminatory ability in the differentiation between patients at different risks to develop local recurrence.
Stability indicating RP‐HPLC method for methylcobalamin determination in different dosage forms: Application to photodegradation kinetics and pH rate profiling
Authors: Amer Mona M. , Kamal Amira H. , Hammad Sherin F. , Habib Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2022

A stability‐indicating RP‐HPLC method for methylcobalamin determination was developed. Stress degradation under variable conditions was carried out. Methylcobalamin had pronounced susceptibility to hydrolysis under acidic, alkaline, and photolytic conditions; further study of photolytic degradation kinetics and pH rate profiling over pH range 2–11 was carried out. Photodegradation of methylcobalamin followed zero‐order kinetics with half‐life 0.99 h equivalent to 1971.53 lux. Methylcobalamin followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics upon exposure to acidic and alkaline hydrolysis with highest stability at pH 5 and least stability at pH 2. Optimization of chromatographic conditions was performed using two level full factorial design, and chromatographic analysis was executed using Inertsil column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) maintained at 25◦C. Elution was carried out using 25 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH adjusted with phosphoric acid to 3.8): methanol:acetonitrile (55:35:10, v/v) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 220 nm using diode array detector. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines; the linearity was over concentration range 2–160 μg/ml with coefficient of determination 0.9995. The method was effectively applied for determination of methylcobalamin in Cobalvex ampoule, Cobal tablet, Cobal‐F tablet, and Methyltechon oral dissolvable film without interfering from excipients within run time 6 min.
Diaphragmatic Thickening Fraction by Ultrasound in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients: Pilot Observations During Spontaneous Breathing Trials
Authors: Shah Ami J. , Wai Kitman , Sharron Matthew P. , Mize Marisa , Cohen Joanna , Basu Sonali 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesIn critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults, diaphragmatic atrophy and reduced diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) has been associated with poor extubation outcomes. Diaphragmatic ultrasound assessment in critically ill pediatric patients shows similar results, though studies are on‐going. We sought to explore the feasibility and utility of using DTF, obtained during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) in predicting weaning outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, observational study in a single‐center tertiary noncardiac pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a children's hospital. Mechanically ventilated pediatric patients were included except for those with preexisting conditions of neuromuscular weakness, diaphragm paresis, or chronic respiratory failure requiring non‐invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline. A convenience sample of 38 patients were included in the study.ResultsWeaning failure occurred in 10/38 (26%) instances with 9/38 (24%) occurring due to failed SBT and 1/38 (2%) due to failed extubation requiring reintubation. Median DTF was 24% (IQR: 12–33). DTF was significantly lower in instances of failed SBT, 12% compared to 27% (P < .01). The odds ratio (OR) of SBT failure utilizing: TF < 25% is 12 (CI: 1.33–108.0, Z‐score: 2.22, P = .027), TV <5 mL/kg was 10.4 (CI: 1.76–61.67, Z‐score: 2.58, P = .01), and combined TV <5 mL/kg and TF < 25% is 17.6 (CI: 1.19–259.61, Z‐score: 2.09, P = .04).ConclusionsOur preliminary study suggests that ultrasound measurements of diaphragm thickening fraction during spontaneous breaths in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients may be a useful addition in predicting weaning readiness.
Impacts of ecological programs on land use and ecosystem services since the 1980s: A case‐study of a typical catchment on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Li Yi , Li Yurui , Fang Bin , Wang Qianyi , Chen Zongfeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChina' Loess Plateau, which was once dominated by sloping fields with poor farming conditions and serious soil erosion, has experienced a series of ecological programs. This article sought to explore the impacts of ecological programs on land use and ecosystem services in a typical catchment of China's Loess Plateau from 1984 to 2017, and thus understand what needs to be improved for future ecological programs. The findings showed that: (a) Due to the implementation of various ecological programs, the land use structure was optimized, and vegetation coverage was significantly increased, especially with the implement of the Grain for Green (GFG) Program. (b) The change of the total ecosystem service value (ESV) presented a U‐shaped curve. The total ESV decreased under the Comprehensive Management of Small Catchments Program, and increased significantly since the implementation of the GFG. The rapid increase stage can be traced to the effects of the Gully Land Consolidation Program, reflecting the time lag effect of ecological programs on the improvement of ecosystem services. (c) The various ecosystem services were improved significantly, except for the food provisioning value (FPV). The abandonment of croplands without consolidation determined the decline of the FPV, implying the necessity for a land‐use efficiency boost. Our research proposed to build up an actor network to integrate local governments, rural cadres, villagers, enterprises, and natural resources, especially land resources, into ecological programs to ensure ecological restoration and activate the factors of production, thus securing the sustainable development of China' Loess Plateau.
Cholesteric‐Superhelix‐Enabled Reconfigurable Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Uniaxially Aligned Upconversion Nanorod Films
Authors: He Huilin , Wang Jiawei , Li Ke , Cen Mengjia , Cai Wenfeng , Liu Jianxun , Luo Dan , Lu Yan‐Qing , Liu Yan Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe dissymmetry factor (|glum|) in circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) shows great significance in many potential applications. The development of upconversion circularly polarized luminescence (UC‐CPL) with a large dissymmetry factor is still limited by structural defects, especially in a self‐assembly system. Here, a self‐organized cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) composite is demonstrated, induced by uniaxially aligned upconversion nanorods (UCNRs) film, overcoming the aggregation issue via direct doping. The well‐aligned UCNR film serves as a polarized emitter, and the cholesteric superhelixstructure enables the conversion from polarized upconversion luminescence (UCL) to a completely UC‐CPL with an ultrahigh |glum| value up to 1.92. Upon changing the concentration of chiral dopants or heating, the chiral UCL can be conveniently modulated via shifting the CLC reflection band to overlap with the UCL band. Moreover, UC‐CPL with bidirectional asymmetric polarizations and emissions is achieved via forward and backward excitations. Furthermore, reversible switching from circular to linear polarization of UCL can be achieved by applying an electric field. Such a composite material system features versatile multimode and multiband modulation of UC‐CPL with the significantly enhanced dissymmetry factor and multichannel modulation, providing new opportunities for advanced applications in photonics and biological optoelectronics.
Measure functional differential equations with infinite time‐dependent delay
Authors: Gallegos Claudio A. , Henríquez Hernán R. , Mesquita Jaqueline G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, we introduce the measure functional differential equations (MFDEs) with infinite time‐dependent delay, and we study the correspondence between the solutions of these equations and the solutions of the generalized ordinary differential equations (GODEs, for short) in Banach spaces. Using the theory of GODEs, we obtain results concerning the existence and uniqueness of solutions and continuous dependence on parameters for MFDEs with infinite time‐dependent delay. We develop the theory in the context of phase spaces defined axiomatically. Our results in this paper generalize several previous works on MFDEs with infinite time‐independent delay.
Disease Progression in Multiple System Atrophy—Novel Modeling Framework and Predictive Factors
Authors: Kühnel Line , Raket Lars Lau , Åström Daniel Oudin , Berger Anna‐Karin , Hansen Ingeborg Helbech , Krismer Florian , Wenning Gregor K. , Seppi Klaus , Poewe Werner , Molinuevo JoséLuis ,   the EMSA‐SG Natural History Study Investigators
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and aggressive neurodegenerative disease that typically leads to death 6 to 10 years after symptom onset. The rapid evolution renders it crucial to understand the general disease progression and factors affecting the disease course.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to develop a novel disease‐progression model to estimate a population‐level MSA progression trajectory and predict patient‐specific continuous disease stages describing the degree of progress into the disease.MethodsThe disease‐progression model estimated a population‐level progression trajectory of subscales of the Unified MSA Rating Scale and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale using patients in the European MSA natural history study. The predicted disease continuum was validated via multiple analyses based on reported anchor points, and the effect of MSA subtype on the rate of disease progression was evaluated.ResultsThe predicted disease continuum spanned approximately 6 years, with an estimated average duration of 51 months for a patient with global disability score 0 to reach the highest level of 4. The predicted continuous disease stages were shown to be correlated with time of symptom onset and predictive of survival time. MSA motor subtype was found to significantly affect disease progression, with MSA‐parkinsonian (MSA‐P) type patients having an accelerated rate of progression.ConclusionsThe proposed modeling framework introduces a new method of analyzing and interpreting the progression of MSA. It can provide new insights and opportunities for investigating covariate effects on the rate of progression and provide well‐founded predictions of patient‐level future progressions. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in cultural context: Do parents in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom adopt different thresholds when rating symptoms, and if so why?
Authors: Chan Wendy W. Y. , Shum Kathy Kar‐man , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence is similar across world regions. However, because informants' decision thresholds may vary between regions, these similarities may mask regional variations in actual ADHD behaviours. We tested this by comparing the relationship between informant's ratings and children's measured activity in United Kingdom (UK) and Hong Kong (HK) and then explored whether any national differences in endorsement thresholds discovered are linked to cultural variations in parenting factors.MethodsParents rated the 18 ADHD symptoms in 112 three‐to‐five‐year‐old children stratified for ADHD symptom levels (49 girls and 63 boys; 55 from the UK and 57 from HK) and completed some parenting questionnaires. Children's task‐related activity was measured using actometers.ResultsIn both groups, measured activity was positively correlated with hyperactivity/impulsivity (r = 0.44HK; r = 0.41UK). While HK children were less active than UK children (p < 0.01), HK parents rated their children as more hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive (ps < 0.05). The lower rating threshold indicated by this pattern in HK parents were explained by their higher child‐related stress levels.ConclusionsUK and HK parents operated different ADHD symptom endorsement thresholds. The link between these and child‐related stress may mark a more general role of cultural pressure for child conformity and school achievement in HK.