bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
محددات تحيز البلد للاسهم و جائحة كورونا
Authors: السيد علي هبة الله , الشمري فهد , نجم رغد 
Published: September 2022

عد تحيز البلد للاسهم بمثابة الظاهرة المحيرة في الادبيات المالية, وذلك بسبب زيادته بمرور الزمن فضلا عن عدم وجود اي مبرر لتلك الزيادة. تهدف هذه الدراسة، الى تحليل العوامل المحددة لتحيز البلد للاسهم المحلية ، ولا سيما خلال مدة الدراسة والتي مرت بالعديد من الازمات الاقتصادية والمالية والصحية . وتكمن الجدلية الفكرية في الدراسة في التساؤل الاساسي فيما اذا كان تحيز البلد للاسهم يتأثر خلال جائحة كورونا , فضلا عن ذلك محاولة معرفة المحددات التي تؤثر في تحيز البلد خلال مدة الدراسة. أُجرى تحليل مفصل لمحافظ الاقتصادات خلال المدة (2005 ولغاية 2020) في ضوء البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها لعينة الدراسة المتمثلة في محافظ الاسهم الاجنبية والمحلية والقيم السوقية لتلك المحافظ فضلا عن عدة محددات اخرى. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (64) محفظة اجنبية. وشملت مدة الدراسة (16) سنة للعينة المدروسة ككل, فبدأت في سنة (2005) ولغاية سنة (2020) . وباستخدام العديد من الاساليب المالية والاحصائية فقد توصلت الدراسة الى العديد من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ومن اهمها : وفقا لنظرية اختيار المحفظة و تحيز البلد في ظل عدم التأكد اثبتت الدراسة بان تحيز البلد للاسهم يتأثر خلال جائحة كورونا مقارنة بما قبلها , وكشفت الدارسة بان تحيز البلد ازداد أثناء جائحة كورونا , فضلا عن ذلك اثبتت الدراسة بان هنالك عدة عوامل وليس عاملا واحد لتفسير محددات تحيز البلد والتي منها عوامل مؤسسية واقتصادية تقع على عاتقها مسؤولية تقليل عوائد الاستثمار الاجنبي ، والتي يقودها مدخل الكلفة والعائد مثل الاحتياطيات ، وتدفقات التجارة ، والناتج المحلي الاجمالي , وعدد الشركات المدرجة والرسملة السوقية ، والتفسير الاخر هو متعلق في العوامل السلوكية والذي يركز على سلوك المستثمرين ، مثل الألفة ، والتحفظ، والثقة الزائدة فان هذا الاثبات يؤكد على قبول الفرضية الرئيسية. وخلصت الدراسة في اهم توصيه, وهي ضرورة اهتمام المستثمرين في تنويع استثماراتهم وذلك بغية تقليل تحيز البلد للاسهم المحلية , والاستفادة من الفرص الخارجية لتحقيق افضل مبادلة كفؤءة بين لعائد والمخاطر.
Applying SARIMA, ETS, and hybrid models for prediction of tuberculosis incidence rate in Taiwan
Authors: Kuan Mei-Mei 
Published: September 2022

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remained one of the world’s most deadly chronic communicable diseases. Future TB incidence prediction is a benefit for intervention options and resource-allocation planning. We aimed to develop rapid univariate prediction models for epidemics forecasting employment.

Methods
The surveillance data regarding Taiwan monthly TB incidence rates which from January 2005 to June 2017 were utilized for simulation modelling and from July 2017 to December 2020 for model validation. The modeling approaches including the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), the Exponential Smoothing (ETS), and SARIMA-ETS hybrid algorithms were constructed and compared. The modeling performance of in-sample simulating training sets and pseudo-out-of-sample validating sets were evaluated by metrics of the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute scaled error (MASE).

Results
A total of 191,526 TB cases with a highest incidence rate in 2005 (72.5 per 100,000 person-year) and lowest in 2020 (33.2 per 100,000 person-year), from January-2005 to December-2020 showed a seasonality and steadily declining trend in Taiwan. The monthly incidence rates data were utilized to formulate these forecasting models. Through stepwise screening and assessing of the accuracy metrics, the optimized SARIMA(3,0,0)(2,1,0)12, ETS(A,A,A) and SARIMA-ETS-hybrid models were respectively selected as the candidate models. Regarding the outcome assessment of model performance, the SARIMA-ETS-hybrid model outperformed the ARIMA and ETS in the short term prediction with metrics of RMSE, MAE MAPE, and MASE of 0.084%, 0.067%, 0.646%, and 0.870%, during the pseudo-out-of-sample forecasting period. After projecting ahead to the long term forecasting TB incidence rates, ETS model showed the best performance resulting as a 41.69% (range: 22.1–56.38%) reduction of TB epidemics in 2025 and a 54.48% (range: 33.7–68.7%) reduction in 2030 compared with the 2015 levels.

Conclusion
This time series modeling might offer us a rapid surveillance tool for facilitating WHO’s future TB elimination milestone. Our proposed SARIMA-ETS or ETS model outperformed the SARIMA in predicting less or 12–30 months ahead of epidemics, and all models showed better in short or medium-term forecasting than long-term forecasting.
Effect of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on the growth, nutrient absorption, and potential health risk of the seasonal vegetable Medicago polymorpha L.
Authors: Ji Hongting , Guo Zhi , Wang Guodong , Wang Xin , Liu Hongjiang 
Published: September 2022

Background
Medicago polymorpha L., a seasonal vegetable, is commonly grown in China. The increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) such as ZnO and CuO NPs in agriculture has raised concerns about their potential risks for plant growth and for human consumption. There is a lack of research on the effects of ZnO and CuO NPs on agronomic performance of Medicago polymorpha L. and their potential risks for human health.

Methods
In this study, different treatment concentrations of ZnO NPs (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg−1) and CuO NPs (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg−1) were used to determine their effects on the growth and nutrient absorption of Medicago polymorpha L., as well as their potential risk for human health.

Results
The results showed that ZnO and CuO NPs increased the fresh weight of Medicago polymorpha L. by 5.8–11.8 and 3.7–8.1%, respectively. The best performance for ZnO NPs occurred between 25–50 mg kg−1 and the best performance for CuO NPs occurred between 10–25 mg kg−1. Compared with the control, ZnO and CuO NPs improved the macronutrients phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). The following micronutrients were also improved: iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn), with the exception of nitrogen (N) accumulation. Low treatment concentrations exhibited more efficient nutrient uptake than high treatment concentrations. A comprehensive analysis showed that the optimum concentrations were 25 mg kg−1 for ZnO NPs and 10 mg kg−1 for CuO NPs. The potential non-carcinogenic health risk of Medicago polymorpha L. treated with ZnO and CuO NPs was analyzed according to the estimated daily intake (EDI), the hazard quotient (HQ), and the cumulative hazard quotient (CHQ). Compared with the oral reference dose, the EDI under different ZnO and CuO NPs treatments was lower. The HQ and CHQ under different ZnO and CuO NPs treatments were far below 1. This indicated that Medicago polymorpha L. treated with ZnO and CuO NPs did not pose any non-carcinogenic health risk to the human body. Therefore, ZnO and CuO NPs were considered as a safe nano fertilizer for Medicago polymorpha L. production according to growth analysis and a human health risk assessment.
Metal Pretreatment
Authors: Goodreau Bruce H. , Opdycke Walter , Foster Kathryn , Kramer Kirk , Smith Thomas , Vonk Donald 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Metal pretreatment is a process by which metal surfaces are chemically transformed to provide improved corrosion protection and adhesion of subsequent coatings or adhesives. The metal pretreatment process consists of multiple steps and can vary significantly depending upon the metal substrate and technical requirements. A brief overview of each step in the metal pretreatment process and several technical requirements are described.
Randomized Trial of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Refractory Adult Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
Authors: Oddis Chester V. , Rockette Howard E. , Zhu Lei , Koontz Diane C. , Lacomis David , Venturupalli Swamy , Moghadam‐Kia Siamak , Ascherman Dana P. , Crofford Leslie , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Ernste Floranne , Gazeley David , Marder Galina , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of tocilizumab in a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in refractory adult patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM).MethodsThirty‐six subjects with probable or definite DM/PM were enrolled in a 6‐month phase 2B clinical trial and randomized 1:1 to receive tocilizumab (8 mg/kg intravenously) or placebo every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Eligible subjects had either a DM rash, a myositis‐associated autoantibody or an adjudicated PM diagnosis. Active disease was defined by at least three of six abnormal core set measures (CSMs), including a manual muscle testing (MMT)‐8 score of less than 136/150. If the MMT‐8 score was greater than 136, then a cutaneous score of 3 or more (10 cm visual analogue scale) was required along with three additional abnormal CSMs indicating disease activity. The primary endpoint compared the Total Improvement Score (TIS) between both arms from week 4 to 24. Secondary outcomes included time to meeting minimal TIS improvement, changes in CSMs, time to worsening, steroid‐sparing effect, proportion of subjects meeting more stringent improvement criteria, and safety outcomes.ResultsThere was no significant difference (P = 0.86) in the TIS over 24 weeks between tocilizumab and placebo arms. The secondary endpoints of time to improvement (minimal, moderate, or major), time to worsening, CSM changes, safety outcomes, and steroid‐sparing effect were also not significantly different between arms.ConclusionTocilizumab was safe and well tolerated but did not meet the primary or secondary efficacy outcomes in refractory DM and PM in this 24‐week phase 2B study.
Macroscopic Heterostructure Membrane of Graphene Oxide/Porous Graphene/Graphene Oxide for Selective Separation of Deuterium Water from Natural Water
Authors: Liang Jing , Zhang Xin , Liu Tian‐qi , Gao Xu‐dong , Liang Wen‐bin , Qi Wei , Qian Li‐juan , Li Zhan , Chen Xi‐meng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeuterium water (D2O) is a strategic material that is widely used in and scientific research and has applications in fields such as nuclear energy generation. However, its content in natural water is extremely low. Therefore, the development of a room‐temperature technology for achieving simple, efficient, and low‐cost separation of D2O from natural water is challenging. In this study, porous graphene (PG) nanosheets with “crater‐like” pores are sandwiched between two layers of graphene oxide (GO) membranes to prepare a GO/PG/GO membrane with a macroscopic heterostructure, which can be used to separate D2O and H2O by pressure‐driven filtration. At 25 °C, the rejection rate of D2O is ≈97%, the selectivity of H2O/D2O is ≈35.2, and the excellent performance can be attributed to the difference of transmembrane resistance and flow state of H2O and D2O in the confinement state. In addition, the D2O concentration in natural water is successfully enriched from 0.013% to 0.059% using only one stage, and the membrane exhibits excellent structural and cycling stability. Therefore, this method does not require ultralow temperatures, high energy supplies, complex separation equipment, or the introduction of toxic chemicals. Thus, it can be directly applied to the large‐scale industrial production and removal of D2O.
Base‐Promoted Intermolecular Trifluoroacetyl Amination of Alkynes via C−N Cleavage of Amides: An Atom‐Economic Way to Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Tetrasubstituted Olefin Derivatives
Authors: Gu Yingge , Wang Zongkang , Cheng Lu , Kang Qiongwen , Li Yanzhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA novel base‐promoted and highly efficient strategy for preparation of trifluoromethyl‐containing tetrasubstituted olefin derivatives has been developed. The trifluoroacetyl amination of alkynes is realized by C−N cleavage of trifluoroacetamides without any transition‐metal catalysts. Readily accessible substrates, good functional group tolerance and atom economy make this approach attractive for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl‐containing tetrasubstituted olefins.
What X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Can Tell Us About the Active State of Earth‐Abundant Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction**
Authors: Risch Marcel , Morales Dulce M. , Villalobos Javier , Antipin Denis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImplementation of chemical energy storage for a sustainable energy supply requires the rational improvement of electrocatalyst materials, for which their nature under reaction conditions needs to be revealed. For a better understanding of earth‐abundant metal oxides as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the combination of electrochemical (EC) methods and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is very insightful, yet still holds untapped potential. Herein, we concisely introduce EC and XAS, providing the necessary framework to discuss changes that electrocatalytic materials undergo during preparation and storage, during immersion in an electrolyte, as well as during application of potentials, showing Mn oxides as examples. We conclude with a summary of how EC and XAS are currently combined to elucidate active states, as well as an outlook on opportunities to understand the mechanisms of electrocatalysis using combined operando EC–XAS experiments.
DNA interaction, cytotoxic and phototoxic properties of new water‐soluble zinc (II) phthalocyanines
Authors: Biyiklioglu Zekeriya , Baş Hüseyin , Altun Yasemin , Yalçın Can Özgür , Barut Burak 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we have synthesized water‐soluble peripherally tetra and octa‐({6‐[3‐(dimethylamino)phenoxy]hexyl}oxy) groups substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (DM‐C6‐ZnQ and o‐DM‐C6‐ZnQ). Also, we have investigated ct‐DNA binding, supercoiled plasmid DNA cleavage properties of DM‐C6‐ZnQ and o‐DM‐C6‐ZnQ by using spectrophotometric and electrophoretic methods. On the other hand, cytotoxic and phototoxic effects of DM‐C6‐ZnQ and o‐DM‐C6‐ZnQ were examined using (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines. In UV–Vis absorption studies, hypochromism was observed about 18% for DM‐C6‐ZnQ and 57% for o‐DM‐C6‐ZnQ on addition of increasing concentrations of ct‐DNA. The intrinsic binding constant (Kb) values of DM‐C6‐ZnQ and o‐DM‐C6‐ZnQ were 3.82 (±0.14) × 104 M−1 and 2.34 (±0.05) × 105 M−1, respectively. The supercoiled plasmid DNA cleavage studies showed that DM‐C6‐ZnQ and o‐DM‐C6‐ZnQ had no DNA damage actions in the dark. On the other hand, they caused DNA damage depending on the light dose. In the MTT assay, the compounds had low cytotoxic properties on A549 cell lines, but they showed significant phototoxic actions. These results reveal that the compounds interact with DNA and have phototoxic properties; it has been determined that they have the potential to be photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy.
High‐lignin‐content rice straw cellulose nanofibers/graphene oxide nanocomposites films: Electrical and mechanical properties
Authors: Abdel‐Aal Seham K. , Hassan Mohammad L. , Abou Elseoud Wafaa S. , Ward Azza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRice straw nanofibers (RSNF) with high lignin content were used in making nanocomposites with graphene oxide (GO) at loading ratios from 0.625% to 5% (based on weight of RSNF). The prepared RSNF/GO films were characterized regarding their tensile strength, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and electrical properties. Microstructure of the films was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Addition of 2.5% of GO resulted in increasing tensile strength and Young's modulus by 33.5% and 21.5%, respectively. Presence of GO significantly reduced moisture sorption of the films. Electrical conductivity measurement showed significant increase in permittivity (ε′) upon increasing GO loading. The ionic conductivity value of films containing 5% of GO was 10−7 S cm−1, which is acceptable value for use as antistatic and/or dissipated films. The electrical properties of the prepared low‐cost high‐lignin‐content RSNF/GO films could have potential use in flexible electronic applications such as in energy harvesting and storage.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis: A single‐center case series
Authors: Longinow Joshua , Zmaili Mohammad , Skoza Warren , Kondoleon Nicholas , Marquardt Robert , Calabrese Cassandra , Funchain Pauline , Moudgil Rohit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors can result in overlap syndrome comprised of myasthenia gravis, myositis and myocarditis. However, the mortality predictors have not been clearly delineated.MethodsWe examined the characteristics of 11 patients diagnosed with overlap syndrome at Cleveland Clinic. All the available clinical, diagnostic, biochemical and disease specific factors were examined. Clinical predictors of increased mortality were using student t‐test for parametric data and Wilcoxon‐signed rank testing for nonparametric data.ResultsSeven patients out of eleven patients were alive during the analysis. Our study did confirm that troponins were indicator of early demise. However, study showed that elevated creatinine, BUN, and decreased hemoglobin were also observed in patients who met early demise. Unlike previously published studies, elevated NT Pro‐BNP and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were not a seen in this study. However, there were higher incidence of electrical abnormalities in deceased patients when compared to alive.ConclusionOur study is first to examine various clinical parameters of overlap syndrome that might be predictive of mortality. This study confirms troponin as possible predictor and adds elevated creatinine, BUN and reduced hemoglobin as possible early biomarkers in deceased patients. The analysis showed that reduced LVEF was not a seen in deceased patients.
A stratified therapeutic model incorporated with studies on regulatory B cells for elderly patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Tang Wenjiao , Li Yan , Zou Zhongqing , Cui Jian , Wang Fangfang , Zheng Yuhuan , Hou Li , Pan Ling , Xiang Bing , Chang Hong , Zhang Li , Niu Ting 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveDespite the availability of new agents, elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM) usually present with poor outcomes due to the heterogeneity of disease conditions, especially immune deficiency. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) can be involved in immune defects by exerting immune regulatory functions in MM. In order to provide more evidence‐based practice for the elderly MM, the study established and assessed a stratified therapeutic model with studies on Bregs for Chinese Elderly Multiple Myeloma in 2021 (CEMM2021).MethodsIn this open‐label, non‐interventional, prospective study in the real world, 159 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients over 65 years old were sequentially recruited and bone marrow aspirates prior to treatment were obtained to detect the ratios of Bregs by flow cytometry.ResultsBased on the CEMM2021 model, 147 patients had received at least one cycle of induction therapy, including bortezomib/dexamethasone (Bd) (n = 80), lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Rd) (n = 27), Bd with a third agent X (Bd + X) (n = 27), and other regimens (n = 13). The proportions of patients achieving very good partial response or better were comparable among Bd, Bd + X, and Rd groups (41.9% vs. 54.5% vs. 44.0%, p = 0.472). Besides, the progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different among Rd, Bd, and Bd + X groups. Multivariable analysis showed that induction efficacy less than partial response (PR) were poor prognostic factors for PFS, while Revised‐International Staging System (R‐ISS) III and efficacy less than PR were poor prognostic factors for OS. This study also found that the ratios of bone marrow Bregs <10% (p = 0.036) and SUVmax of PET‐CT scan >4.2 (p = 0.000) were closely correlated with OS in the elderly MM.ConclusionsFor the elderly NDMM, the CEMM2021 algorithm in our center might provide a valuable reference for the guidance of therapeutic strategies, with the combination of Bregs resulting in an effective and clinically meaningful prediction in contemporary treatment.
Dirty necrosis in renal cell carcinoma is associated with NETosis and systemic inflammation
Authors: Kuroe Takashi , Watanabe Reiko , Morisue Ryo , Miyazaki Saori , Kojima Motohiro , Murata Shawhay Charles , Nakai Tokiko , Taki Tetsuro , Sakashita Shingo , Sakamoto Naoya , Matsubara Nobuaki , Masuda Hitoshi , Ushiku Tetsuo , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimDirty necrosis (DN) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is morphologically characterized by abundant neutrophil infiltration and has significant potential as an unfavorable prognostic indicator. This study aimed to analyze the pathological and biological features of DN.Materials and MethodsA total of 81 RCC tumors, including 33 cases of DN and 48 cases of tumor necrosis without DN features (ghost necrosis [GN]), were enrolled in this study. We compared the number of neutrophils; the activation of cell death pathways, including ferroptosis, NETosis, and apoptosis; the rate of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT); and proliferation status using immunohistochemistry. We further assessed the effect of the necrosis type on systemic inflammation.ResultsDN tumors had a significantly higher number of neutrophils in both areas around the necrotic foci and far from the necrotic foci. Ferroptosis status did not differ between DN and GN; however, DN tumors had significantly larger areas exhibiting cell detritus with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) detected by citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) than GN tumors. DN tumors also had more apoptotic cells within areas around the necrotic foci. There was no significant difference between the EMT and proliferation status between DN and GN groups. Systemic inflammation markers including C‐reactive protein (CRP), CRP‐to‐albumin ratio (CRP/Alb), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and hemoglobin were significantly higher in patients with DN. In addition, some of these inflammation markers (CRP/Alb and PLR) significantly decreased after surgery.ConclusionsDN in RCC is characterized by NETs production and systemic inflammation.
Proline C−H Bonds as Loci for Proline Assembly via C−H/O Interactions
Authors: Daniecki Noah J. , Bhatt Megh R. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Zondlo Neal J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProline residues within proteins lack a traditional hydrogen bond donor. However, the hydrogens of the proline ring are all sterically accessible, with polarized C−H bonds at Hα and Hδ that exhibit greater partial positive character and can be utilized as alternative sites for molecular recognition. C−H/O interactions, between proline C−H bonds and oxygen lone pairs, have been previously identified as modes of recognition within protein structures and for higher‐order assembly of protein structures. In order to better understand intermolecular recognition of proline residues, a series of proline derivatives was synthesized, including 4R‐hydroxyproline nitrobenzoate methyl ester, acylated on the proline nitrogen with bromoacetyl and glycolyl groups, and Boc‐4S‐(4‐iodophenyl)hydroxyproline methyl amide. All three derivatives exhibited multiple close intermolecular C−H/O interactions in the crystallographic state, with H⋅⋅⋅O distances as close as 2.3 Å. These observed distances are well below the 2.72 Å sum of the van der Waals radii of H and O, and suggest that these interactions are particularly favorable. In order to generalize these results, we further analyzed the role of C−H/O interactions in all previously crystallized derivatives of these amino acids, and found that all 26 structures exhibited close intermolecular C−H/O interactions. Finally, we analyzed all proline residues in the Cambridge Structural Database of small‐molecule crystal structures. We found that the majority of these structures exhibited intermolecular C−H/O interactions at proline C−H bonds, suggesting that C−H/O interactions are an inherent and important mode for recognition of and higher‐order assembly at proline residues. Due to steric accessibility and multiple polarized C−H bonds, proline residues are uniquely positioned as sites for binding and recognition via C−H/O interactions.