bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Supply Processes Are Responsible for Significant Nitrogen Fluxes Across the United States
Authors: Flint Elizabeth M. , Ascott Matthew J. , Gooddy Daren C. , Stahl Mason O. , Surridge Ben W. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExcessive nutrient concentrations within fresh waters are a globally persistent problem. Developing effective nutrient management strategies requires improvements to nitrogen (N) mass balances, including the identification and quantification of previously unrecognized anthropogenic N fluxes. Using publicly available data, we establish that freshwater abstractions from both surface waters and groundwaters, alongside watermains leakage from public distribution networks, are responsible for significant nitrate‐N (NO3‐N) fluxes across the contiguous United States. Nationally, freshwater abstraction temporarily retains 417 (min‐max: 190–857) kt NO3‐N yr−1, equivalent to 21% of pastureland N uptake and 2% of previous global abstraction‐N flux estimates. Fluxes due to irrigation, thermoelectric power, and public water supply collectively account for 87% of this total. We find large intercounty variation in area‐normalized abstraction fluxes (min‐max: 0–8,267 kg NO3‐N km−2 yr−1), with eastern regions generally associated with larger fluxes. Watermains leakage returns 7 (min‐max: 6.3–7.7) kt NO3‐N yr−1 back to the environment, equivalent to 13% of NO3‐N initially abstracted for public supply and 1.3% of previous global leakage flux estimates. Our analyses reveal inter‐county variations in area‐normalized leakage fluxes (min‐max: 0–576 kg NO3‐N km−2 yr−1), with this flux exceeding other major N inputs (agricultural N fertilizer) in some urbanized and coastal counties, highlighting their importance in these areas. The local and national importance of these fluxes has implications for policy makers and water resource managers aiming to better manage the impacts of N within the environment and calls for their inclusion in both US and global N budgets.
Measurement of Grain Bulk Modulus on Sandstone Samples From the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Qin Xuan , Han De‐Hua , Zhao Luanxiao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe grain bulk modulus is a crucial property of a rock frame, determining poroelastic responses such as seismic velocity. Conventionally, the grain bulk modulus is estimated with bulk moduli of compositional minerals. A systematic measurement is still scarce in answering what factors control the grain bulk modulus. We test 38 sandstone samples with porosity ranging from 4% to 35% from three fields on the Norwegian continental shelf through unjacketed tests. The measured grain bulk moduli range from 18 to 61 GPa. The deposition and composition from thin sections and X‐ray diffraction data can interpret abnormally low or high grain bulk moduli of samples compared to quartz. Carbonate cement is a factor correlating the low porosity with the high grain bulk modulus in a range of 46–61 GPa for tight sandstones. Illite/chlorite coating on the quartz grains can enhance the result to 48 GPa; nevertheless, bearing clay at the grain‐to‐grain contact correlates with the low grain bulk modulus. The measured grain bulk modulus overall increases with decreasing porosity. Specifically, cementation and composition, such as calcite and clays, account for the correlation. Therefore, when people model the elastic properties of sandstones, direct usage of the quartz bulk modulus may cause significant errors. We suggest the unjacketed test as the most reliable way to determine grain bulk moduli of sandstones with different geological features.
Impact of Intermittent Convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea on Oxygen Content, Nutrients, and the Carbonate System
Authors: Fourrier Marine , Coppola Laurent , D’Ortenzio Fabrizio , Migon Christophe , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing Argo profiling floats, cruises and mooring data, we reconstructed the dissolved oxygen (O2) dynamics in the Gulf of Lion and the Ligurian Sea, with a focus on the intermediate waters. By applying the CANYON‐MED neural network‐based method on the large network of O2‐equipped Argo floats we derived nutrients and carbonate system variables in the Gulf of Lion and the Ligurian Sea at different depths in the water column and derived trends over the 2012–2020 period. In these waters, the O2 minimum is strongly affected by the intermittent convection process, and the two areas show dissimilar responses to the mixing events. In the absence of deep convection events, the O2‐depleted layer tends to spread vertically and intensify even more so in the Ligurian than in the Gulf of Lion. In both areas, over the 2012–2020 period, nutrients increase overall in deep layers, with a concomitant impact on nutrient molar ratios tending toward an increase in P‐limitation. Acidification estimates derived in different layers of the water column show an overall increase in dissolved inorganic carbon and a concurrent pH decrease. These trends were strongly affected by convection events slowing down the overall acidification trend.
A Daily 1‐km Resolution Greenland Rainfall Climatology (1958–2020) From Statistical Downscaling of a Regional Atmospheric Climate Model
Authors: Huai Baojuan , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Reijmer Carleen H. , Noël Brice 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA daily, gridded 1‐km rainfall climatology (1958–2020) for Greenland is presented, including the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), the peripheral glaciers and ice caps (GIC), and ice‐free tundra. It is obtained by statistically downscaling the 5.5 km output of the regional atmospheric climate model version 2 to a resolution of 1 km, using the elevation dependence of snowfall fraction. Based on this new product, the average total annual rainfall in Greenland during 1958–2020 is estimated to be 111.4 ± 11.2 Gt/year, of which 28.6 ± 6.1 Gt/year falls on the GrIS, 11.4 ± 1.4 Gt/year on the GIC, and 71.4 ± 9.0 Gt/year on the tundra. The downscaled 1 km product better resolves especially the relatively small GIC, more than doubling (+124%) their rainfall compared to the 5.5 km product. The relatively warm southern regions of Greenland have the highest rainfall amounts, with annual values locally exceeding 1,000 mm. We confirm a significant positive trend in Greenland rainfall (>40 mm/decade), notably in the northwest and mainly due to an increase in rainfall fraction (>3.5%/decade) during July and August. For the whole of Greenland, during 1991–2020 the seasonal rainfall peak has shifted from July to August, with significant increases in September, which receives more rain than June. An analysis of rainfall fraction and near‐surface temperature shows that local warming rates are a good predictor of recent rainfall changes.
Multiresolution Data Assimilation for Auroral Energy Flux and Mean Energy Using DMSP SSUSI, THEMIS ASI, and An Empirical Model
Authors: Wu Haonan , Tan Xiyan , Zhang Qiong , Huang Whitney , Lu Xian , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe apply a multiresolution Gaussian process model (Lattice Kriging) to combine satellite observations, ground‐based observations, and an empirical auroral model, to produce the assimilation of auroral energy flux and mean energy over high‐latitude regions. Compared to a simple padding, the assimilation coherently combines various data inputs leading to continuous transitions between different datasets. The multiresolution modeling capability is achieved by allocating multiple layers of basis functions with different resolutions. Higher‐resolution fitting results capture more mesoscale (10–100 s km) structures such as auroral arcs, than the low‐resolution ones and the empirical model. To better reconcile different datasets, two preprocessing steps, temporal interpolation of satellite data and spatial down‐sampling of low‐fidelity data, are implemented. The inherent smoothing effect of the fitting, which causes an unrealistic spreading of the aurora, is mitigated by a post processing step: the K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. KNN identifies the probability of a region with significant aurora and thereby eliminates those regions with low values. Thereby, this methodology can be used to maintain realistic and mesoscale auroral structures without boundary issues. We then run the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) driven by the high‐ and low‐resolution auroral assimilations and compare total electron contents (TECs). TIEGCM driven by data assimilation produces enhanced TECs by a factor of ∼2 than the one driven by the empirical aurora, and high‐resolution results show mesoscale structures. Our study shows the value of incorporating realistic auroral inputs via assimilation to drive ionosphere‐thermosphere models for better understanding the consequences of mesoscale phenomena.
Epigenomic profiling of glucocorticoid responses identifies cis-regulatory disruptions impacting steroid resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bergeron Brennan P. , Diedrich Jonathan D. , Zhang Yang , Barnett Kelly R. , Dong Qian , Ferguson Daniel C. , Autry Robert J. , Yang Wenjian , Hansen Baranda S. , Smith Colton , Crews Kristine R. , Fan Yiping , Pui Ching-Hon , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Relling Mary V. , Yang Jun J. , Li Chunliang , Evans William E. , Savic Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are a mainstay of contemporary, multidrug chemotherapy in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and resistance to GCs remains a major clinical concern. Resistance to GCs is predictive of ALL relapse and poor clinical outcome, and therefore represents a major hurdle limiting further improvements in survival rates. While advances have been made in identifying genes implicated in GC resistance, there remains an insufficient understanding of the impact of cis-regulatory disruptions in resistance. To address this, we mapped the gene regulatory response to GCs in two ALL cell lines using functional genomics and high-throughput reporter assays and identified thousands of GC-responsive changes to chromatin state, including the formation of over 250 GC-responsive super-enhancers and a depletion of AP-1 bound cis-regulatory elements implicated in cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic processes. By integrating our GC response maps with genetic and epigenetic datasets in primary ALL cells from patients, we further uncovered cis-regulatory disruptions at GC-responsive genes that impact GC resistance in childhood ALL. Overall, these data indicate that GCs initiate pervasive effects on the leukemia epigenome, and that alterations to the GC gene regulatory network contribute to GC resistance.
The heterogeneous immune landscape between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wang Chengdi , Yu Qiuxiao , Song Tingting , Wang Zhoufeng , Song Lujia , Yang Ying , Shao Jun , Li Jingwei , Ni Yinyun , Chao Ningning , Zhang Li , Li Weimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA thorough interrogation of the immune landscape is crucial for immunotherapy strategy selection and prediction of clinical responses in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques have prompted the opportunity to dissect the distinct immune signatures between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), the two major subtypes of NSCLC. Here, we performed scRNA-seq on 72,475 immune cells from 40 samples of tumor and matched adjacent normal tissues spanning 19 NSCLC patients, and drew a systematic immune cell transcriptome atlas. Joint analyses of the distinct cellular compositions, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), cell–cell interactions, pseudotime trajectory, transcriptomic factors and prognostic factors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), revealed the central roles of cytotoxic and effector T and NK cells and the distinct functional macrophages (Mφ) subtypes in the immune microenvironment heterogeneity between LUAD and LUSC. The dominant subtype of Mφ was FABP4-Mφ in LUAD and SPP1-Mφ in LUSC. Importantly, we identified a novel lymphocyte-related Mφ cluster, which we named SELENOP-Mφ, and further established its antitumor role in both types, especially in LUAD. Our comprehensive depiction of the immune heterogeneity and definition of Mφ clusters could help design personalized treatment for lung cancer patients in clinical practice.
Systemic IL-27 administration prevents abscess formation and osteolysis via local neutrophil recruitment and activation
Authors: Morita Yugo , Saito Motoo , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Franchini Anthony M. , Owen John R. , Martinez John C. , Daiss John L. , de Mesy Bentley Karen L. , Kates Stephen L. , Schwarz Edward M. , Muthukrishnan Gowrishankar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterleukin-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions during bacterial infections remain controversial, and its role in patients withS. aureusosteomyelitis is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we completed a clinical study and observed elevated serum IL-27 levels (20-fold higher,P < 0.05) in patients compared with healthy controls. Remarkably, IL-27 serum levels were 60-fold higher in patients immediately following septic death than in uninfected patients (P < 0.05), suggesting a pathogenic role of IL-27. To test this hypothesis, we evaluatedS. aureusosteomyelitis in WT and IL-27Rα−/−mice with and without exogenous IL-27 induction by intramuscular injection of rAAV-IL-27p28 or rAAV-GFP, respectively. We found that IL-27 was induced at the surgical site within 1 day ofS. aureusinfection of bone and was expressed by M0, M1 and M2 macrophages and osteoblasts but not by osteoclasts. Unexpectedly, exogenous IL-27p28 (~2 ng·mL−1in serum) delivery ameliorated soft tissue abscesses and peri-implant bone loss during infection, accompanied by enhanced local IL-27 expression, significant accumulation of RORγt+neutrophils at the infection site, a decrease in RANK+cells, and compromised osteoclast formation. These effects were not observed in IL-27Rα−/−mice compared with WT mice, suggesting that IL-27 is dispensable for immunity but mediates redundant immune and bone cell functions during infection. In vitro studies and bulk RNA-seq of infected tibiae showed that IL-27 increasednos1, nos2,il17a,il17f, androrcexpression but did not directly stimulate chemotaxis. Collectively, these results identify a novel phenomenon of IL-27 expression by osteoblasts immediately followingS. aureusinfection of bone and suggest a protective role of systemic IL-27 in osteomyelitis.
Annual decline rate in FEV1s in community-dwelling older adults diagnosed with mild to moderate COPD
Authors: Rosso Aldana , Egervall Karl , Elmståhl Sölve 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInformation about the decline rate in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1s) in older adults with COPD is scarce. A total of 4082 community-dwelling older adults from the population-based study Good Aging in Skåne were followed for 12 years and 143 participants developed COPD. The average FEV1s decline is estimated to be 66.3 mL/year, (95% CI [56.4; 76.3]) and 43.3 mL/year (1.7%/year, 95% CI [41.2; 45.5]) for COPD and non-COPD participants, respectively.
RSDB: A rare skin disease database to link drugs with potential drug targets for rare skin diseases
Authors: Kuo Tien-Chueh , Wang Pei-Hua , Wang Yu-Ke , Chang Chia-I. , Chang Ching-Yao , Tseng Yufeng Jane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRare skin diseases include more than 800 diseases affecting more than 6.8 million patients worldwide. However, only 100 drugs have been developed for treating rare skin diseases in the past 38 years. To investigate potential treatments through drug repurposing for rare skin diseases, it is necessary to have a well-organized database to link all known disease causes, mechanisms, and related information to accelerate the process. Drug repurposing provides less expensive and faster potential options to develop treatments for known diseases. In this work, we designed and constructed a rare skin disease database (RSDB) as a disease-centered information depository to facilitate repurposing drug candidates for rare skin diseases. We collected and integrated associated genes, chemicals, and phenotypes into a network connected by pairwise relationships between different components for rare skin diseases. The RSDB covers 891 rare skin diseases defined by the Orphanet and GARD databases. The organized network for each rare skin disease comprises associated genes, phenotypes, and chemicals with the corresponding connections. The RSDB is available athttps://rsdb.cmdm.tw.
Graphite-oxide hybrid multi-degree of freedom resonator metamaterial for broadband sound absorption
Authors: Bucciarelli F. , Malfense Fierro G. P. , Rapisarda M. , Meo M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLow frequency broadband sound absorption for thin structures is still a great challenge. A new concept of a stackable hybrid resonator metamaterial is proposed which exhibits super broadband low-frequency sound absorption. The proposed metamaterial is based on micrometric scale thickness Graphene Oxide (GO) embedded in a stacked structure or used as external skin in a designed honeycomb (HC) structure. The stackable nature of the proposed structure allows the GO-HC cores to be embedded within micro-perforated panels (MPP) providing enhanced stiffness/strength to the structure and high absorption characteristics. We demonstrate how the exploitation of the GO elastic and mass properties result in multiple hybrid structural–acoustic resonances. These resonances are tailored to occur in a frequency range of interest by the theoretical calculation of the sound absorption coefficient. The theoretical model combines the mutual interaction between the structural dynamic of the GO foil and acoustic higher modes of the HC core cell as well as stacked MPP-HC/GO-HC cores. The result is a multi-degree of freedom hybrid resonator which provides subwavelength scale broadband sound absorption in low frequency range between 300 and 2500 Hz.
The Subantarctic Rayadito (Aphrastura subantarctica), a new bird species on the southernmost islands of the Americas
Authors: Rozzi Ricardo , Quilodrán Claudio S. , Botero-Delgadillo Esteban , Napolitano Constanza , Torres-Mura Juan C. , Barroso Omar , Crego Ramiro D. , Bravo Camila , Ippi Silvina , Quirici Verónica , Mackenzie Roy , Suazo Cristián G. , Rivero-de-Aguilar Juan , Goffinet Bernard , Kempenaers Bart , Poulin Elie , Vásquez Rodrigo A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe describe a new taxon of terrestrial bird of the genusAphrastura(rayaditos) inhabiting the Diego Ramírez Archipelago, the southernmost point of the American continent. This archipelago is geographically isolated and lacks terrestrial mammalian predators as well as woody plants, providing a contrasted habitat to the forests inhabited by the other twoAphrasturaspp. Individuals of Diego Ramírez differ morphologically fromAphrastura spinicauda, the taxonomic group they were originally attributed to, by their larger beaks, longer tarsi, shorter tails, and larger body mass. These birds move at shorter distances from ground level, and instead of nesting in cavities in trees, they breed in cavities in the ground, reflecting different life-histories. Both taxa are genetically differentiated based on mitochondrial and autosomal markers, with no evidence of current gene flow. Although further research is required to define how far divergence has proceeded along the speciation continuum, we proposeA. subantarcticaas a new taxonomic unit, given its unique morphological, genetic, and behavioral attributes in a non-forested habitat. The discovery of this endemic passerine highlights the need to monitor and conserve this still-pristine archipelago devoid of exotic species, which is now protected by the recently created Diego Ramírez Islands-Drake Passage Marine Park.
Identification of key genes of the ccRCC subtype with poor prognosis
Authors: Puzanov Grigory Andreevich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClear cell renal carcinoma has been reported in many research studies as a rather heterogeneous disease. Identification of different subtypes and their molecular characteristics can help in choosing a more effective treatment and predicting a response to it. In this study, using multi-omics clustering of RNA-Seq data of patients with clear cell renal carcinoma from TCGA. Specific genes were identified for the most aggressive ccRCC subtype associated with metastasis and a subtype associated with a more favorable course of the disease. Among them were genes associated with blood clotting (FGA, FGG) and genes associated with changes in the immune characteristics of a tumor (ENAM, IGFBP1, IL6). In addition, an association of hub genes of poor survival ccRCC subtype with the levels of infiltration of endothelial cells, hematopoietic stem cells, T cells NK and mast cells was revealed. It was shown that MFI2, CP, FGA, and FGG expression can predict the response to sunitinib, while the APOB, ENAM, IGFBP1, and MFI2 expression predict the response to nivolumab. The results obtained provide insight into the genetic characteristics underlying the aggressive subtype of ccRCC and may help develop new approaches to the treatment of this disease.
The first assimilation of Akatsuki single-layer winds and its validation with Venusian atmospheric waves excited by solar heating
Authors: Fujisawa Yukiko , Murakami Shin-ya , Sugimoto Norihiko , Takagi Masahiro , Imamura Takeshi , Horinouchi Takeshi , Hashimoto George L. , Ishiwatari Masaki , Enomoto Takeshi , Miyoshi Takemasa , Kashimura Hiroki , Hayashi Yoshi-Yuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe planetary missions including the Venus Climate Orbiter ‘Akatsuki’ provide new information on various atmospheric phenomena. Nevertheless, it is difficult to elucidate their three-dimensional structures globally and continuously only from observations because satellite observations are considerably limited in time and space. We constructed the first ‘objective analysis’ of Venus’ atmosphere by assimilating cloud-top horizontal winds on the dayside from the equator to mid-latitudes, which is frequently obtained from Akatsuki's Ultraviolet Imager (UVI). The three-dimensional structures of thermal tides, found recently to play a crucial role in maintaining the super rotation, are greatly improved by the data assimilation. This result is confirmed by comparison with Akatsuki's temperature observations. The momentum transport caused by the thermal tides and other disturbances are also modified by the wind assimilation and agrees well with those estimated from the UVI observations. The assimilated dataset is reliable and will be open to the public along with the Akatsuki observations for further investigation of Venus’ atmospheric phenomena.