bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-effect conductivity scaling for two-dimensional materials with tunable impurity density
Authors: Wang Chulin , Peng Lintao , Wells Spencer A , Cain Jeffrey D , Huang Yi-Kai , Rhoads Lawrence A , Dravid Vinayak P , Hersam Mark C , Grayson Matthew A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A scaling law is demonstrated in the conductivity of gated two-dimensional (2D) materials with tunable concentrations of ionized impurity scatterers. Experimental data is shown to collapse onto a single 2D conductivity scaling (2DCS) curve when the mobility is scaled by r, the relative impurity-induced scattering, and the gate voltage is shifted by

V

s

, a consequence of impurity-induced doping. This 2DCS analysis is demonstrated first in an encapsulated 2D black phosphorus multilayer at

T
=
100

K

with charge trap densities programmed by a gate bias upon cooldown, and next in a Bi2Se3 2D monolayer at room temperature exposed to varying concentrations of gas adsorbates. The observed scaling can be explained using a conductivity model with screened ionized impurity scatterers. The slope of the r vs.

V

s

plot defines a disorder-charge specific scattering rate

Γ
q

=

d

r

/

d

V

s

equivalent to a scattering strength per unit impurity charge density:

Γ
q

>
0

indicates a preponderance of positively charged impurities with

Γ
q

<
0

for negatively charged. This 2DCS analysis is expected to be applicable in arbitrary 2D materials systems with tunable impurity density, which will advance 2D materials characterization and improve performance of 2D sensors and transistors.
Partial substitution of feldspar by alkaline-rich materials in the electrical porcelain insulator for reduction of processing temperature
Authors: Beyene Eaba , Tiruneh Sintayehu Nibret , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Abebe Adane Muche , Tullu Andualem Merga 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Porcelain is the most widely used overhead power-line insulator. The demands for porcelain insulators have increased dramatically owing to a sharp increase in the electric power demand and supply. Usually, porcelain production demands high sintering temperatures. Herein, an electrical porcelain insulator was produced from Bombowha clay and Arero quartz and partially replaced feldspar with sodium carbonate at a reduced processing temperature. The porcelain samples were prepared by fixing the clay and quartz amount 45 and 10 wt%, respectively, and the portion of feldspar was replaced by 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% of alkaline-rich sodium carbonate. The desired composition was milled, shaped, and finally sintered at 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C. The XRD and SEM results show the early formation of quartz and mullite phases at 1000 °C, which determine the mechanical and dielectric strengths of the porcelains. The dielectric strength of the samples increases with increasing the alkaline-rich sodium carbonate content owing to the vitrification and needle-shaped mullite formation. The porcelain sample with 10 wt% of Na2CO3 content and a sintering temperature of 1200 °C has an optimum dielectric strength of 7.60 kV mm−1.
Gagliardo-Nirenberg type inequalities on Lorentz, Marcinkiewicz and weak-𝐿^{∞} spaces
Authors: Dao Anh , Lam Nguyen , Lu Guozhen 
Published: May 2022

We establish the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality, Trudinger-Moser inequality and John-Nirenberg inequality using the Lorentz spaces

L

p
,
α

L^{p,\alpha }

, the Marcinkiewicz space

L

q
,
∞

L^{q,\infty }

and the weak-

L

∞

L^{\infty }

space

W
W

introduced by Bennett, DeVore and Sharpley [Ann. of Math. (2) 113 (1981), pp. 601–611]. As consequences, we obtain the Gagliardo-Nirenberg type inequality with weak-

L

∞

L^{\infty }

norm and BMO norm, Trudinger-Moser type inequality and John-Nirenberg type estimate with

B
M
O

BMO

norm and weak-

L

1

L^{1}

norm.
Maternal and Neonatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant Neutralization After Antenatal Messenger RNA Vaccination
Authors: Rottenstreich Amihai , Vorontsov Olesya , Alfi Or , Zarbiv Gila , Oiknine-Djian Esther , Zigron Roy , Kleinstern Geffen , Mandelboim Michal , Porat Shay , Wolf Dana G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We evaluated the neutralization efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in maternal and cord blood sera after antenatal BNT162b2 vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies against Omicron were lacking at the time of delivery after 2-dose vaccination. A third booster dose was essential in building neutralizing antibody capacity against Omicron among mothers and neonates.
Performance assessment of solar chimney power plants with natural thermal energy storage materials on ground: CFD analysis with experimental validation
Authors: Cuce Erdem , Saxena Abhishek , Cuce Pinar Mert , Sen Harun , Eroglu Hasan , Selvanathan Shanmuga Priya , Sudhakar Kumarasamy , Hasanuzzaman Md 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study interprets the effect of using sand or gravel as energy storage unit in solar chimney power plants. The effect of using low-cost materials is evaluated. Based on the Manzanares pilot plant, a 3D CFD model is created. Geometric parameters are kept constant in simulations performed with ANSYS FLUENT engineering commercial software. By simultaneously solving DO (discrete ordinates) solar ray tracing algorithm and RNG k-ε turbulence model, the outputs of the system are examined at 290 and 300 K temperatures. The temperature distribution and power outputs of the use of sand and gravel as soil material at different temperatures and solar radiation are compared. It is understood that the use of both materials does not significantly affect the performance of the system and can be used economically instead of each other. It is seen that the system will give a power output of approximately 41.636 kW with both storage materials at a radiation intensity of 800 W/m2 and an ambient temperature of 300 K. It is seen that the ambient temperature affects the temperature increase in the system, and the temperature increase is higher at 290 K.
Inhaled open safety pin: a challenging case
Authors: Sedhai Milan , Tripathi Prashant 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Foreign body aspiration in children, specifically sharp and metallic type, imposes a serious morbidity and mortality risk if intervention is delayed. The bronchoscopic removal of sharp metallic foreign bodies is technically challenging for the operating surgeon. We present a case of an 8-year-old girl who presented with an alleged history of aspiration of metallic, sharp and open safety pin 8 hours prior to presentation following which she developed throat pain and painful swallowing. X-ray of soft tissue neck showed a radio-opaque foreign body being lodged in the supraglottic area. She underwent emergency direct laryngoscopy-guided foreign body removal under general anesthesia. There was an open metallic sharp safety pin hinged over the inter-arytenoid region with its one end reaching sub-glottis and other end toward the hypopharynx. No post-operative complications occurred and patient was discharged on the third post-operative day.
Feasibility analysis of super-speed rail based on improved value function
Authors: Hu Qizhou , Wu Yikai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Super-speed rail (SSR) is a kind of train design based on the theory of vacuum pipeline transportation, having the advantages of super speed, high safety, low energy consumption, low noise, no vibration and no pollution. SSR may be a new generation of trains after cars, ships, trains and aeroplanes. The SSR system includes two parts, namely vacuum pipe technology and magnetic levitation technology. Based on the definition of SSR, the present paper analyses the operation principle of SSR. According to distribution characteristics of SSR, the evaluation index system of SSR was set up. In analysing the main characteristics of SSR, this paper builds the evaluation model by improved value function. The application results validate the feasibility of the new method in comprehensive evaluation for SSR. It is consistent with the results of other methods. The result reveals that SSR is completely feasible from a theoretical point of view and it is impossible to build SSR in a short time from the application perspective. The evaluation results can reflect the actual situation. The comprehensive evaluation model is scientific and the process is simple.
Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway Therapeutics Associated With Improved Outcomes in Males Hospitalized With COVID-19*
Authors: Rocheleau Genevieve L. Y. , Lee Terry , Mohammed Yassene , Goodlett David , Burns Kevin , Cheng Matthew P. , Tran Karen , Sweet David , Marshall John , Slutsky Arthur S. , Murthy Srinivas , Singer Joel , Patrick David M. , Du Bin , Peng Zhiyong , Lee Todd C. , Boyd John H. , Walley Keith R. , Lamontagne Francois , Fowler Robert , Winston Brent W. , Haljan Greg , Vinh Donald C. , McGeer Alison , Maslove David , Patrigeon Santiago Perez , Mann Puneet , Donohoe Kathryn , Hernandez Geraldine , Russell James A. ,   for ARBs CORONA I Investigators
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine whether angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are associated with improved outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 according to sex and to report sex-related differences in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational cohort study comparing the effects of ARB or ACE inhibitors versus no ARBs or ACE inhibitors in males versus females. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 downregulates ACE-2, potentially increasing angiotensin II (a pro-inflammatory vasoconstrictor). Sex-based differences in RAS dysregulation may explain sex-based differences in responses to ARBs because the ACE2 gene is on the X chromosome. We recorded baseline characteristics, comorbidities, prehospital ARBs or ACE inhibitor treatment, use of organ support and mortality, and measured RAS components at admission and days 2, 4, 7, and 14 in a subgroup (n = 46), recorded d-dimer (n = 967), comparing males with females.

SETTING:
ARBs CORONA I is a multicenter Canadian observational cohort of patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19. This analysis includes patients admitted to 10 large urban hospitals across the four most populated provinces.

PATIENTS:
One-thousand six-hundred eighty-six patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 (February 2020 to March 2021) for acute COVID-19 illness were included.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Males on ARBs before admission had decreased use of ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.52; p = 0.007) and vasopressors (aOR = 0.55; p = 0.011) compared with males not on ARBs or ACE inhibitors. No significant effects were observed in females for these outcomes. The test for interaction was significant for use of ventilation (p = 0.006) and vasopressors (p = 0.044) indicating significantly different responses to ARBs according to sex. Males had significantly higher plasma ACE-1 at baseline and angiotensin II at day 7 and 14 than females.

CONCLUSIONS:
ARBs use was associated with less ventilation and vasopressors in males but not females. Sex-based differences in RAS dysregulation may contribute to sex-based differences in outcomes and responses to ARBs in COVID-19.
Review of Delayed Reactions to 15 Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
Authors: Kokoska Ryan E. , Lima Amanda M. , Kingsley Melanie M. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Delayed-onset reactions are increasingly relevant given the growing use of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers. There is poor understanding of the phenomenon's etiology and incidence.

OBJECTIVE
To highlight differences between the dermal filler products with an emphasis on delayed-onset reaction incidence, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.

METHODS
A literature review was performed for delayed-onset reactions following hyaluronic acid dermal filler injection using PubMeb and Embase. Articles were included based on relevance, quality, and the predetermined definition of “delayed-onset reaction” (>30 days post injection). A total of 28 studies were included in the data analysis.

RESULTS
A total of 13,136 subjects from 28 studies treated with 15 filler types were included in the analysis. VYC-15L dermal filler injections carried the highest risk of delayed reaction with a mean incidence of 3.83% (n = 46/1,202), followed by VYC-20L (0.92%) and VYC-17.5L (0.88%). The mean incidence of delayed reactions among all filler types was 1.13%.

CONCLUSION
Incidence of delayed reaction to hyaluronic fillers ranges from 0% to 3.83% (mean = 1.13%) and varies by filler type. The exact etiology of these delayed reactions remains disputed. Future studies should report reaction description, precise timeline, and posttreatment immunologic history to better delineate the incidence of delayed-onset hypersensitivity reactions.
Uninterrupted Actigraphy Recording to Quantify Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Mechanically Ventilated Adults
Authors: González-Seguel Felipe , Camus-Molina Agustín , Leiva-Corvalán Macarena , Mayer Kirby P. , Leppe Jaime 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
We evaluated the feasibility of quantification of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) using actigraphy during an entire intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay.

Methods:
A prospective study was performed in a 12-bed ICU. Triaxial accelerometers were fitted on the right ankle of mechanically ventilated adults. Twenty accelerometers were available to guarantee uninterrupted actigraphy recording 24 hours/day. Data were analyzed: (1) between awakening and ICU discharge to quantify daytime PA/SB and (2) between admission and ICU discharge to quantify day/nighttime inactivity. Secondarily, we assessed the relationship between inactivity/SB and clinical variables.

Results:
Thirty patients were enrolled, obtaining 5477 recording hours. No patient reported discomfort or injury. The median (min-max) delay time between admission and accelerometer installation was 2.1 (0.0-11.9) hours. Actigraphy recording duration was 5.4 (2.2-34.4) days. The time spent in SB and PA (percentage of minutes per hour) was 94.7% and 5.3%, respectively. PA was stratified by light, moderate, and vigorous levels equating to 91.8%, 7.7%, and 0.5%, respectively. Inactivity time (r = 0.991, P ≤ .001) and SB (r = 0.859, P ≤ .001) were strongly correlated with ICU length of stay.

Conclusions:
Quantifying PA levels with continuous monitoring through actigraphy is feasible, demonstrating prolonged periods of inactivity/SB. This study highlights that uninterrupted actigraphy could contribute to pursuing the optimal dose and the intervention fidelity of the ICU mobilization in the subsequent clinical trials.
Successful Provision of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in a Sexual Health Clinic
Authors: Obafemi Oluyomi A. , Leichliter Jami S. , Maravi Moises , Alfonsi Grace A. , Shlay Judith C. , Wendel Karen A. , Rietmeijer Cornelis A. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Women who attend sexual health clinics are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) are very effective contraceptive methods, but the provision of LARC in such clinics is not well described in the literature.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of women who presented to Denver Sexual Health Clinic for any reason and received family planning services between April 1, 2016, and October 31, 2018. We assessed demographic and clinical factors associated with contraceptive method received and conducted a subanalysis of those with intrauterine device (IUD) insertions on the same-day versus delayed insertion. Among those who received an IUD, we assessed rates of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 30 days after insertion.

Results
Of the 5064 women who received family planning services in our clinic, 1167 (23%) were using a LARC method at the time of their visit. Of the 3897 who were not using a LARC, fewer women, 12.6%, chose LARC (IUD and progestin implant), compared with 33.3% who chose new short-acting reversible contraceptives. Further analysis of the 270 IUD initiators revealed 202 (74.8%) received the IUD on the same day, whereas 68 (25.2%) had delayed IUD insertion. There were 9 incident cases of gonorrhea or chlamydia in those who received same-day IUD and 1 incident case among those who had delayed IUD insertion. There were no cases of PID at 30 days after insertion in either group.

Conclusions
Study findings support IUD provision in a sexual health clinic on the day of initial visit without increased risk of PID.
Evaluating Provider Documentation of Suicide Risk Factors Among Youth Screening Positive for Suicide Risk in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Cafferty Rachel , Ambroggio Lilliam , Leonard Jan , Schmidt Sarah , Haasz Maya 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Screening for suicidal ideation in the pediatric emergency department (ED) enhances recognition of suicidality among patients presenting with a nonmental health complaint. Little is known about the assessment of suicide risk factors and disposition among these patients. This study aimed to evaluate pediatric ED providers' documentation of suicide risk factors in this population.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients screening at risk for suicide on the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions tool. Demographic variables and risk factors for youth suicide were extracted from the electronic health record for eligible patients each month from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. We compared risk factors using χ
2 or Fisher exact test.

Results
In 2019, of the 7484 patients screened for suicide, 524 (7%) had a positive screen. Of 220 patient charts reviewed, no suicide risk factors were documented in 53.6% of encounters, and only 1 risk factor was documented in 18.2% of encounters. Substance use was the most frequently discussed risk factor, documented in 33.6% of encounters. History of nonsuicidal self-injury was documented in 11.8% of visits. Other risk factors were documented in fewer than 10% of at-risk patients.

Conclusion
Pediatric ED providers do not routinely document risk factors for suicide in medical patients screening at risk. Although the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions is an important initial screen, a standardized secondary risk factor assessment is necessary for a more complete risk stratification for patients with suicidal ideation.
ALTERNATING HEMIPLEGIA OF CHILDHOOD: AN ELECTROCLINICAL STUDY OF SLEEP AND HEMIPLEGIA
Authors: Poole Josephine , Zagaglia Sara , Demurtas Rita , Farrell Fiona , Walker Matthew C. , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Balestrini Simona , Vivekananda Umesh 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC) is characterised by paroxysmal hemiplegic episodes and seizures. Remission of hemiplegia upon sleep is a clinical diagnostic feature of AHC. We investigated whether: 1) Hemiplegic events are associated with spectral EEG changes 2) Sleep in AHC is associated with clinical or EEG spectral features that may explain its restorative effect.MethodsWe retrospectively performed EEG spectral analysis in five adults with AHC and twelve age-/gender-matched epilepsy controls. Five-minute epochs of hemiplegic episodes and ten-minute epochs of four sleep stages were selected from video-EEGs. Arousals were counted per hour of sleep.ResultsWe found 1) hemispheric differences in pre-ictal and ictal spectral power (p=0.034), during AHC hemiplegic episodes 2) 22% reduced beta power (p=0.017) and 26% increased delta power (p=0.025) during wakefulness in AHC versus controls. There were 98% more arousals in the AHC group versus controls (p=0.0003).ConclusionsThere are hemispheric differences in spectral power preceding hemiplegic episodes in adults with AHC, and sleep is disrupted.SignificanceSpectral EEG changes may be a potential predictive tool for AHC hemiplegic episodes. Significantly disrupted sleep is a feature of AHC and is of particular importance when considering risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
Secure and federated linear mixed model association tests
Authors: Chen Jeffrey , Edupalli Manaswitha , Berger Bonnie , Cho Hyunghoon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrivacy-preserving algorithms for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) promise to facilitate data sharing across silos to accelerate new discoveries. However, existing approaches do not support an important, prevalent class of methods known as linear mixed model (LMM) association tests or would provide limited privacy protection, due to the high computational burden of LMMs under existing secure computation frameworks. Here we introduce SafeGENIE, an efficient and provably secure algorithm for LMM-based association studies, which allows multiple entities to securely share their data to jointly compute association statistics without leaking any intermediary results. We overcome the computational burden of LMMs by leveraging recent advances in LMMs and secure computation, as well as a novel scalable dimensionality reduction technique. Our results show that SafeGENIE obtains accurate association test results comparable to a state-of-the-art centralized algorithm (REGENIE), and achieves practical runtimes even for large datasets of up to 100K individuals. Our work unlocks the promise of secure and distributed algorithms for collaborative genomic studies.1
Patient satisfaction with telemedicine in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Noceda Alicia Victoria G. , Acierto Lianne Margot M. , Bertiz Morvenn Chaimek C. , Dionisio David Emmanuel H. , Laurito Chelsea Beatrice L. , Sanchez Girrard Alphonse T. , Amit Arianna Maever L. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe capacity to deliver essential health services has been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic particularly due to lockdown restrictions. Telemedicine provides a safe, efficient, and effective solution that addresses the needs of patients and the health system. However, there remain implementation challenges and barriers to patient adoption in resource-limited settings as in the Philippines. This study thus aimed to describe patient perspectives and experiences with telemedicine services, and explore the factors that influence telemedicine use and satisfaction.MethodsThis study used a mixed-methods design through online surveys and in-depth interviews. An online survey using Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Clinician & Group Adult Visit Survey 4.0 (beta) and Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) was accomplished by 200 participants aged 18 to 65 years. A subsample of 16 participants was interviewed to provide insights to the quantitative data. We used descriptive statistics to analyze survey data and grounded theory to analyze data from interviews.ResultsParticipants were generally satisfied with telemedicine services, with most reporting that this was an efficient and convenient alternative to face-to-face consultations. However, only 2 in 5 perceived telemedicine as affordable. Our quantitative findings suggest that participants preferred telemedicine services rather than in-person consultations, especially in cases where they feel that their condition is not urgent and does not need extensive physical examination. Safety against COVID-19, and the availability of multiple communication platforms contributed to patient satisfaction with telemedicine. Negative perceptions of patients on their telemedicine provider, perceived higher costs, poor connectivity and other technological issues were found to be barriers to patient satisfaction.DiscussionTelemedicine is viewed as a safe and efficient alternative to receiving care. Continued adoption of telemedicine will require improvements in technology and better patient communication related to their telemedicine provider and the associated costs.