bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivering actionable infodemic insights and recommendations for the COVID-19 pandemic response
Authors: Purnat TD , Ishizumi A , Yau B , White B , Bertrand-Ferrandis C , Briand S , Nguyen T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue
The COVID-19 pandemic and current recovery efforts have been complicated by a parallel infodemic. The infodemic has manifested itself in the rapid spread of questions, concerns and misinformation that can affect population attitudes and behavior harmful to health -promoting stigma and discrediting science, non-recommended treatments and cures, politicizing health programs and eroding trust in health workers and health systems.

Description
WHO's COVID-19 Pillar 2 (risk communication, community engagement and infodemic management) developed an integrated public health infodemic insights methodology for weekly analysis of social media, traditional media and other data sources to identify, categorize, and understand the key concerns and narratives expressed, and inform risk communication and response activities.

Results
The infodemic characterization, integrated analysis and insights generation consisted of a 3-step mixed-methods approach. First, data was collected from publicly available social and news media and categorized into categories of conversations by a COVID-19 public health taxonomy. Second, the dataset was analyzed and compared week-on-week to identify changes in narratives and conversation sentiment. Third, the digital infodemic intelligence was reviewed by a group of subject matter experts and triangulated with other data sources to derive infodemic insights and provide recommendations for action for the week. The methodology has been applied to inform COVID-19 response, COVID-19 vaccine demand promotion, and preparing for mass gatherings or mass immunization campaigns.

Lessons
The methodology for infodemic intelligence generation and integration has introduced evidence-based analytical practices for generation of infodemic insights and recommendations for action into the work of WHO. It must be further adapted for use by different health programmes and preparedness functions, and is described WHO Field Infodemiology Manual.

Key messages
• Health authorities can use infodemic insights to respond to people’s concerns, questions and information deficits in a timely and effective manner.
• An evidence-based methodology has been developed and validated to generate infodemic insights and recommendations for action during an acute health event or emergency.
Data-driven policy making: a key step for the healthcare system
Authors: Malatre A , Ros E , Millet L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The work presented in this workshop suggest important room for improvement in data-driven health policy making in France and in Germany. We identify data generated by healthcare systems can be mobilized to inform four different aspects of public health and health care policy making:
1. Supporting patient-centered evaluation of healthcare services: micro-level data collection is key to developing evaluation tools which can be used to improve quality of care and patient experience, as evidenced by the development of PROMS and PREMS.
2. Adapting care supply to population needs: meso-level data collection enables local and national policy makers to design and implement healthcare programs and investments which fit population needs.
3. Developing targeted prevention policies: meso-level data collection can also be used to identify health hazards, improve population safety and limit health impact of exposure to sanitary and environmental risks, allowing local and national policy makers to articulate prevention strategies.
4. Informing healthcare research: patient and meso-level data are invaluable resources for health and life-sciences research, supporting identification of biomarkers and development of diagnostic tools and treatment.
Additionally, we identify that all four of these aspects of data-driven policy have implications at a local, national, and European level. In light of this, Institut Montaigne strongly advocates for a population-based approach, as implemented in Canada, relying on multiple datasets as well as individual and collective responsibility. We also stress the need for coordination at a European level, aware the current implementation of the European Health Data Space is an opportunity to leverage information from EU-wide databases. Data-driven public health and health care policy is a tool of public value and its use is critical to ensuring resilience of current health systems and addressing future crises.
Depression among survivors of 1988 Spitak earthquake in Armenia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Demirchyan A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Mental health-related consequences of disasters can be very long lasting. Depression is one of the most prevalent psychopathologies among disaster survivors. Yet, compared to PTSD, it is studied much less among disaster victims. Studies of depression decades after the exposure are extremely rare. This study evaluated the prevalence and predictors of depression in a prospective cohort of Spitak earthquake survivors 23 years after the event.

Methods
A geographically stratified urban sub-sample of 1785 individuals underwent all three baseline waves of the cohort study during 1990-1992 and provided detailed sociodemographic, earthquake exposure and physical and mental health-related information. In 2012, 83.3% (n = 1487) of this subsample was traced and 40.6% (n = 725) interviewed. Depression status was measured via validated and adapted Armenian-language CES-D scale. A fitted linear regression model identified predictors of depression score in 2012.

Results
Twenty-three years after the exposure, the rate of depression in this cohort was 25.4%. Depression was highly comorbid with anxiety (62.0%) and PTSD (36.8%). Factors positively associated with depression score included number of stressful life events (95% CI 0.33, 1.20), poor self-rated health (95% CI 2.45, 5.40), earthquake-related deaths in the family (95% CI 0.12, 3.80), and strong phobia and fear at baseline (95% CI 0.51, 2.96). Age (95% CI -0.15, -0.06), social support score (95% CI -0.83, -0.55), quality of life score (95% CI -15.83, -10.77), and being married (95% CI -2.61, -0.35) were protective for depression. The fitted model explained 46.6% of the variance in the depression score.

Conclusions
This study found an increased prevalence of depression among earthquake survivors over two decades after the exposure. The identified potentially modifiable predictors of long-term depression create prerequisites for planning better targeted mental health recovery interventions among disaster survivors.

Key messages
Microplastics inhalation and their effects on human health: a systematic review
Authors: Lombardi G , Di Russo M , Zjalic D , Lanza T , Simmons M , Moscato U , Ricciardi W , Chiara C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Microplastics (MPs) are defined as small particles less than 5 mm in size occuring in the environment as a consequence of plastic pollution. MPs are classified into primary MPs, which are created for industrial uses, and secondary MPs, that derive from the degradation of larger plastic items. With the global increase in plastic production, MPs have become widely distributed in the natural ecosystems and have been charged with causing several detrimental effects on both the environment and on human health. Moreover, plastics often include additives to improve their properties, which may produce additional toxic substances. Humans can be exposed to MPs through different pathways, including ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize whether inhaled microplastics and plastic additives have negative effects on human health.

Methods
MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched starting from December 2021. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were primary studies which reported the effects of inhaled MPs on the respiratory system. Appropriate quality assessment tools were used according to the study design of primary studies.

Results
38 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were conducted in vitro, while there was a scarcity of papers that investigated the effects of MPs in population cohorts. Preliminary results show that MPs can induce pro-inflammatory or pro-carcinogenic effects by different mechanisms, depending on particles’ concentration, size, type and surface charge.

Conclusions
Literature has underlined several negative health concerns resulting from the absorption of microplastics and plastic additives. By gathering this information, this systematic review sheds light on the possible threats of MPs inhalation to human health and discusses whether an implementation of new public health policies for the foreseeable future is needed.

Key messages
• Inhalation is a major route of exposure to microplastics.
• Inhaled microplastics or plastic additives may have detrimental effects on human health, promoting respiratory diseases or carcinogenic processes.
Innovative Health Technologies to Improve Emergency Department Performance
Authors: Tedesco D , Capodici A , Gribaudo G , Di Valerio Z , Montalti M , Salussolia A , Barbagallo V , Rolli M , Fantini MP , Gori D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Emergency Departments (EDs) are increasingly pivotal, with a constant increment in their use, despite stable or declining fundings. Crowding can lead to disruptions and the COVID-19 epidemic has further burdened ED services. However, the pandemic has seen an increased use of telemedicine and digital health tools, which may be notably beneficial for EDs. This study offers a review of the latest available digital health technologies and their effectiveness to improve ED performance.

Methods
We performed a narrative review to identify digital and technological innovations in EDs. The themes of interest were defined in 4 areas: Patient Assessment, Patient Experience, Resource Allocation, and Discharge. Data was analyzed by 5 independent reviewers who focused on different macro-areas. Disagreement on data was discussed with 2 independent tiebreakers.

Results
Our search yielded 25 articles addressing 4 topics: Patient Assessment, Resource Allocation, Patient Experience, Discharge. We found that digital tools and Artificial Intelligence are powerful tools to detect, collect, and process data from patients, to improve healthcare delivery in EDs. The Resource Allocation category showed to be key in optimizing services already in place. New technologies showed effective to improve Patient Experience by curbing pain and anxiety. Innovative technologies demonstrated efficacy after Discharge when patients need guidance from clinicians for follow-up care.

Conclusions
Our review shows evidence of increasing effectiveness of innovative tools in reducing wait time and improving performance and patient experience in EDs. Technology applied to resource allocation appeared to be the most effective category. Prediction algorithms could be used to improve workforce allocation and bed management. Critical care systems must meet the challenge of innovative technologies which can lead to a new era in healthcare delivery with improvements for patients and healthcare professionals.

Key messages
• Digital innovation will have a significant impact on several dimensions of healthcare in the near future.
• Healthcare systems and EDs must meet the challenge of innovative technologies which can lead to a new era in healthcare delivery with improvements for both patients and healthcare professionals.
A Genome Sequence Assembly of the Phototactic and Optogenetic Model Fungus Blastocladiella emersonii Reveals a Diversified Nucleotide-Cyclase Repertoire
Authors: Leonard Guy , Galindo Luis Javier , Milner David S , Avelar Gabriela Mol , Gomes-Vieira André L , Gomes Suely L , Richards Thomas A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chytrid fungus Blastocladiella emersonii produces spores with swimming tails (zoospores); these cells can sense and swim toward light. Interest in this species stems from ongoing efforts to develop B. emersonii as a model for understanding the evolution of phototaxis and the molecular cell biology of the associated optogenetic circuits. Here, we report a highly contiguous genome assembly and gene annotation of the B. emersonii American Type Culture Collection 22665 strain. We integrate a PacBio long-read library with an Illumina paired-end genomic sequence survey leading to an assembly of 21 contigs totaling 34.27 Mb. Using these data, we assess the diversity of sensory system encoding genes. These analyses identify a rich complement of G-protein-coupled receptors, ion transporters, and nucleotide cyclases, all of which have been diversified by domain recombination and tandem duplication. In many cases, these domain combinations have led to the fusion of a protein domain to a transmembrane domain, tying a putative signaling function to the cell membrane. This pattern is consistent with the diversification of the B. emersonii sensory-signaling systems, which likely plays a varied role in the complex life cycle of this fungus.
Dependence of electrical power output on collector size in Manzanares solar chimney power plant: an investigation for thermodynamic limits
Authors: Cuce Erdem 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Solar energy is at the forefront of renewable energy sources. Depending on the increasing energy need, the use of clean energy sources is inevitable in terms of human health and the environment. The application of solar chimney power plants (SCPPs) is one of the not very old and promising systems. SCPPs are systems that attract attention with their long life and simple working principles. SCPPs have three basic elements: collector, chimney and turbine, and optimizing these elements in terms of design and operational parameters plays a key role in the performance parameters of the system such as power output and efficiency. This study, which references the Manzanares pilot plant, aims at the collector dimensioning of the system to achieve the optimum power output and efficiency from the plant and to assess the upper thermodynamic limits of the Manzanares pilot plant. The most challenging aspect of SCPPs, in general, is their high cost, and large collector areas constitute a notable fraction of this cost. Therefore, for performance and cost optimization, collector dimensioning is of vital importance and reveals the innovative aspect of this study. For this purpose, a 3D 90° computational fluid dynamics model is created with ANSYS engineering software. RNG k-e turbulence model and discrete ordinates solar ray-tracing algorithm are applied to the model. In the study, solutions are taken in the dimensions of the pilot plant with an ambient temperature of 290 K and two different radiation intensities of 800 and 1000 W/m2. The collector radius (Rcoll) is increased up to 2 times the reference size and its effect on the system is evaluated. It is found that the plant, which produces an electrical power of 46.6 kW at 800 W/m2, will generate 138.3 kW of electrical power if the Rcoll is doubled. The optimum collector radius rate (Xcoll) is found to be in the range of 1.00–1.50. For the greater values of Xcoll than 1.50 (183 m), it is observed that the exponential increase in power output stops, and cost-related upper thermodynamic limits are achieved.
Coupling influences of electrode and flow field geometry on species transport behavior and battery performance for organic redox flow battery
Authors: Wang Fuzhen , Xiao Guozhen , Su Minghui , Chu Fengming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The organic redox flow battery (ORFB) was regarded as one of the promising commercial technologies for the large-scale energy storage, the battery performance of which was influenced by the electrodes and flow fields. The battery performance and mass transfer behaviors of four different electrodes (rectangular electrode with serpentine flow field (RS), rectangular electrode with rotary flow field (RR), circular electrode with serpentine flow field (CS), circular electrode with rotary flow field (CR)) were investigated based on a rigorous numerical model, which was verified by the experiments. The results showed that discharge voltages of RS design were highest and voltage of RS design was 24.3% higher than that of RR design, which was lowest. The uniformity factor of RS design was 13.2% higher than that of RR design. The average concentration of RS design was 4.5% higher than that of CS design. Therefore, RS design electrode was the best design due to high mass transfer performance. And performance superiorities of RS design were further highlighted by comparing voltage and concentration distribution of RS design and traditional serpentine flow field (TS). All above can enrich the research of mass transfer behavior in ORFB.
Breaking the Promise: Transitional Justice between Tactical Concession and Legacies of Authoritarian Regime in Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuningroem Sri Lestari 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
For more than two decades after the authoritarian regime ended in Indonesia, transitional justice remains an unfinished agenda in the new democracy. In every government leadership, transitional justice issues re-emerged and later vanished or failed at implementation. Post-Suharto’s presidents have always succeeded in getting support by including the transitional justice agenda in their campaigns and the early days of their leadership. Yet, none resulted in truth and justice as promised. Transitional justice is used as a tactical concession and has proven successful in gaining support for political winnings; it provides the avenue for one to gain political legitimacy and support, as it promises a distance from the previous regime. However, adopting transitional justice measures did not in any way lead to a change in state behaviour, let alone to institutionalizing and internalizing justice and accountability. I argue in this article that authoritarian regime factors contributed to the impunity for perpetrators and the lack of truth and acknowledgement about past abuses in Indonesia today.
Quantification of 3,4-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazole Using Ion-Pair LC–MS/MS on a Reversed-Phase Column
Authors: Doran Gregory S , Condon Jason R , Kaveney Brooke F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Few methods exist for the analysis of the soil nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (3,4-DMP), which is a pesticide with the ability to reduce the production of nitrogenous greenhouse gases in soils as a result of fertilizer application. Due to its small size and polar nature, 3,4-DMP can be difficult to retain on an LC column, which makes diversion of a co-extracted soil matrix away from the MS/MS impossible.

Objective
The current study aims to better control the retention time (RT) of 3,4-DMP. Additionally, 3,4-DMP-15N2 was synthesized and used as an internal standard for the soil extraction of 3,4-DMP.

Methods
Perfluoroalkanoic acids were used as ion-pair reagents and were compared for their abilities to improve peak shape and RT, to better separate 3,4-DMP from the soil matrix without the need for cleanup during soil extraction.

Results
RTs increased with both the carbon number and the concentration of the perfluoroalkanoic acid, and this improved peak shape and height. Perfluorooctanoic acid performed best, and improved peak height (PH) and shape were obtained by increasing the flow rate, resulting in a better S/N than from formic acid. The method provided a 10-fold improvement limit of quantitation on the most sensitive existing method and the use of 3,4-DMP-15N2 as an internal standard resulted in recoveries of 101–107%.

Conclusion
Ion-pair reagents drastically increased the retention of 3,4-DMP and allowed the re-use of old LC columns that may otherwise be discarded. Improved separation of 3,4-DMP from the soil matrix allowed much of the matrix to be diverted from the MS/MS spray chamber.

Highlights
Greater control of 3,4-DMP retention by the LC column resulting in the ability to separate 3,4-DMP from the soil matrix. The inclusion of ion-pair reagents only in the aqueous phase reduced ionization suppression of the analytes in the MS source.
Hematocrit Correction of Whole Blood Phosphatidylethanol Concentrations to Estimate Erythrocyte PEth Concentrations: Sensitivity, Specificity and Influence on Test Utility
Authors: White Daniel , Abbas Zadeh Somayeh , O’Halloran Sean , Salman Sam , Joyce David A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhosphatidylethanol (PEth) forms in erythrocyte membranes after alcohol consumption, offering a persisting biomarker, that is measurable in whole blood, washed erythrocytes and dried blood spots. For a predominantly erythrocyte-restricted analyte, erythrocyte concentrations seem to have most validity in patients who are anemic through alcoholism or other pathologies, despite preparation increasing assay complexity. Differences in specimen preparation alter PEth concentrations for the same patient, meaning that criteria for interpreting PEth results should relate to specimen type, presenting a barrier to achieving harmonization. We therefore tested whether erythrocyte PEth might be validly calculated by hematocrit correction of a whole blood PEth measurement. PEth testing primarily serves to distinguish drinkers from non-drinkers. In choosing between specimen types, it is important to compare their utility in separating those two groups. We therefore processed 281 blood samples from 17 non-drinkers and 61 drinkers, to prepare matched whole blood and washed erythrocyte specimens. These were assayed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and compared in identifying alcohol consumption. The erythrocyte PEth concentration in the whole blood specimens was also calculated by correcting whole blood concentration by the specimen’s hematocrit, as an alternative to prepare washed erythrocytes. The hematocrit-corrected erythrocyte concentrations were included in these comparisons. Predictably, this work found that sensitivity was consistently better at the lower cut-off of 8 µg/L than at 20 µg/L. Sensitivities were also higher for washed erythrocytes than whole blood, explained by the lower erythrocyte mass in the same volume of whole blood. Hematocrit-corrected whole blood PEth concentrations correlated with erythrocyte concentrations, except for the four highest values, which did not influence comparative sensitivity. Specificity was 100% for washed erythrocytes, whole blood and hematocrit-corrected whole blood at either cut-off because non-drinkers had undetectable PEth. We conclude that hematocrit correction of whole blood PEth concentrations theoretically provides an alternative to the preparation of washed erythrocytes.