bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting openness to autism amongst dental care professional students
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Kahatab Ahmed , Daly Blánaid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a lifelong condition affecting communication and social interaction, characterised by repetitive or repeated patterns of behaviour. People with ASD experience poor systemic and oral health. They face reduced access to dental care related to provider barriers associated with lack of understanding of ASD, lack of training and a consequent reluctance to treat people with ASD.Materials and MethodsThe effectiveness of training given by a person with autism to student dental care professionals was evaluated by measuring change in 62 students' openness to autism scale scores and confidence treating a person with autism. These students included third year dental students and second year dental nursing and hygiene students. This cohort was recruited as part of their curriculum and opted in for inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using SPSS®.ResultsAn increase in openness scale scores of 7.6% (p < .05) and in confidence of 4.9% (p < .05) between pre‐ and post‐training was observed. Openness scale score predicted level of confidence at baseline (OR = 0.21 (95% CI = 0.02–0.39)).ConclusionAn educational intervention delivered by a person with autism promoted modest increases in openness towards autism and confidence amongst dental care pre‐service professionals. Whilst the results suggest that peer‐led dental care professional teaching by people with autism may be beneficial, more research is needed.
Students' perception on flipped classroom with formative assessment: A focus group study
Authors: Othman Siti Adibah , Kamarudin Yasmin , Sivarajan Saritha , Soh Eunice Xinwei , Lau May Nak , Zakaria Nor Nadia , Wey Mang Chek , Wan Hassan Wan Nurazreena , Bahar Aufa Dahlia , Mohd Tahir Norhidayah @ Nor Zahidah, , Razi Roziana M. , Naimie Zahra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore students' perception on the implementation of flipped classroom (FC) combined with formative assessment during the undergraduate teaching of orthodontic wire‐bending skills.MethodsThird‐year undergraduate dental students were taught wire‐bending skills via FC teaching method using a series of pre‐recorded online video demonstrations. As part of the formative assessment, the students were given the results and assessment rubrics of their prior wire‐bending assessment before every subsequent session. Purposive sampling method for focus group discussion was used to recruit eight students comprising four high achievers and four low achievers. Strengths, weaknesses and suggestions for improvement of the FC with formative assessment were explored. Data were transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsStudents perceived that FC allowed for a more convenient and flexible learning experience with personalised learning and improved in‐class teaching efficiency. The pre‐recorded online videos were useful to aid in teaching wire‐bending skills but lacked three‐dimensional representation of the wire‐bending process. Students suggested better standardisation of instructions and access to the marking rubric before and after assessment.ConclusionsFC teaching with continuous formative assessment and constructive feedback as a form of personalised learning was viewed favourably by students. The implementation of periodic individual feedback can further enhance their learning experience.
Exploring training dental implant placement using static or dynamic devices among dental students
Authors: Wang Wenying , Zhuang Minjie , Li Shunshun , Shen Yue , Lan Rong , Wu Yiqun , Wang Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundStatic computer‐assisted surgery (s‐CAIS) and dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery (d‐CAIS) are the main digital approaches in guiding dental implant placement.PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore and compare the learning curves for s‐CAIS and d‐CAIS by beginners.Materials and MethodsThree dental students used each dental model for drilling five positions with missing teeth. Operators performed the drilling test for five sets of dental models with an interval of 7 ± 1 days assisted by the d‐CAIS system. After a six‐month break, the same students performed the drilling test again in the same way but with the s‐CAIS system. A total of thirty models were used, and 150 implants were inserted. The operation time and relative deviations were recorded and calculated. Correlations between various deviation parameters and attempts were tested with independent‐samples Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsA significant difference between the two groups was found in the operation time (p < .001). For accuracy, the difference was found in the first attempt of coronal and apical deviations but disappeared as the training went on. As the practice progressed, improvement was evident in the d‐CAIS group but not in the s‐CAIS group. When reaching the plateau stage of the learning curve of the d‐CAIS group (after five attempts), the influence of different methods of guidance was limited between the two groups.ConclusionsA learning curve effect was found in d‐CAIS but not in s‐CAIS in vitro tests by beginners. The operating procedure of dynamic navigated and static template‐guided implant placement was easy to master.
Deep neural network for multi‐class classification of medicinal plant leaves
Authors: Tiwari Vaibhav , Joshi Rakesh Chandra , Dutta Malay Kishore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlant diseases are a critical issue in the farming industry, and early identification is essential for plant monitoring. The leaves of plants represent the majority of disease symptoms, however, leaf analysis by specialists in laboratories is expensive and time‐consuming. Hence, there is a necessity for automated and more accurate plant disease detection techniques which can help in diagnosing early symptoms to turn down the economic loss. A deep‐learning‐based technique for detecting and classifying plant diseases from leaf images is provided in this research. A diversified image dataset of plant leaves with 12 distinct crops in 22 different categories was used for this work. Several intra‐class and inter‐class variations in the training dataset make it more complex and challenging to train a deep‐learning model. An exhaustive analysis of different deep neural networks has been done with different combinations of optimizers and learning rates. Additionally, five‐fold cross‐validation and testing on separate test images have been done for a detailed investigation of the trained model in different statistical parameters. The proposed approach extended the results to an average cross‐validation accuracy of 98.68%, and average test accuracy of 97.69% is obtained on unseen images having intra‐class and inter‐class variations.
Persistence of investor sentiment and market mispricing
Authors: Han Xiao , Sakkas Nikolaos , Danbolt Jo , Eshraghi Arman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate changes in US market sentiment using structural break analysis over a period of five decades. We show that investor sentiment was trending and nonstationary from 1965 to 2001, a period associated with numerous crashes. Since 2001, sentiment has been substantially more mean reverting, implying the diminished effect of noise investors and their associated mispricing. We illustrate how these changes in sentiment persistence affect equity anomalies and assess the predictive power of sentiment on short‐run returns when regime changes are considered. Our findings suggest that the presence of sentiment‐driven investors and their market impact is significantly time‐variant.
An attractor domain model of seasonal and inter‐annual β diversity of stream macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Melo Adriano S. , Froehlich Claudio G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Ecological communities are dynamic systems that vary within and across years. In streams, disturbance by spates and the emergence of adult insects during the rainy summer contrast with more stable conditions in the dry winter and can potentially generate distinct and repeatable community states across years. However, demographic stochasticity and the legacies of previous spates may hamper the full attainment of characteristic community states associated with seasons.

We developed an attractor domain model encapsulating these factors and hypothesised: (1) partially distinct rainy (summer) and dry (winter) communities. High benthic dynamism during the rainy period should cause higher inter‐annual variability, leading to (2) higher temporal β diversity among rainy periods than among dry periods. Historical effects (e.g., demographic stochasticity and disturbance by spates) should accumulate over the years and lead to (3) increased variation in community structures sampled further apart in time; furthermore, (4) this increase in variation should be higher among rainy than among dry communities.

We used data of stream macroinvertebrates (mostly insects) in a subtropical basin in Brazil to evaluate inter‐annual variation using rank‐concordance statistics of the most common species and dissimilarity using all species.

For each stream site, samples obtained in the two seasons tended to show distinct community structure using relative abundance data but were much less distinct using species composition (presence–absence). Temporal β diversity was higher among rainy than among dry seasons. The β diversity of both seasons increased with time, although this increase was 2–3 times greater during the rainy season.

Our results support a model in which rainy (summer) communities are disrupted by the high dynamism caused by spates and the emergence of adult insects. The low intensity of these two factors during dry (winter) periods allows local environmental conditions to drive community structures toward a less variable, recurrent attractor state. However, the increase in β diversity with time indicates that the legacy effects of previous disturbances and demographic stochasticity preclude the full attainment of a definite stable state and that only a domain of states is approached.
Clinicoepidemiological characteristics of cutaneous tuberculosis in 1458 Indian patients: a retrospective analytical study from a tertiary care center
Authors: Singal Archana , Kaur Ishmeet , Jakhar Deepak , Pandhi Deepika , Grover Chander , Gandhi Vijay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) has been one of the most challenging infectious diseases globally. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) accounts for 0.5–2% of extrapulmonary TB and is often missed owing to its varying morphology and paucibacillary nature.MethodsIn this retrospective analytical study, we share our 22‐year experience to describe the clinicoepidemiological features and treatment response of CTB in 1458 Indian patients. In each patient, detailed history was followed by clinical examination, hematological and biochemical investigations, Mantoux testing, chest x‐ray, and other specialized investigations to detect coexisting systemic foci. Clinical diagnosis of CTB was confirmed on histopathology/cytology and response to standard antitubercular treatment (ATT). All details were recorded on a predesigned proforma.ResultsOf 1458 eligible patients, 803 were children. The mean disease duration was 15.3 months. Lupus vulgaris (40.4%) was the most common clinical variant, followed by scrofuloderma (32.7%) and lichen scrofulosorum (15.2%). Other variants included tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, gumma, tuberculids, and inoculation TB. Multiple clinical variants were observed in 3.6% of patients. A total of 41.4% of patients had coexistent systemic foci; in lymph nodes (50.4%), lungs (35.6%), bone (10.3%), and abdomen (5.8%). TB foci were also observed at uncommon locations like the eye, central nervous system, and genital organs. Treatment response to ATT was favorable in 99.2%.InterpretationThe burden of CTB still persists in developing countries. The diagnosis is often missed due to the wide spectrum of clinical and histological presentations. Awareness among clinicians of varying aspects of CTB is of paramount importance for early diagnosis and management and will significantly prevent morbidity and disease complications.
Study of calprotectin gene polymorphism and serum level in acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Farag Azza G. A. , Helal Samar G. , Labib Azza Z. , Bazid Heba A. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is an inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. S100A8 and S100A9 (the light subunits of calprotectin) gene polymorphisms have been known to be associated with inflammatory disorder. Until now, no study investigated calprotectin gene polymorphism in acne patients.ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate calprotectin serum levels and gene polymorphism (rs3806232) in acne vulgaris patients and to correlate them with different clinical aspects of them.MethodsThis case–control study included 50 patients having variable degrees of acne vulgaris (AV) severity, in addition to a control group of 26 age‐ and gender‐matched seemingly healthy volunteers.ResultsAcne vulgaris patients had considerably greater (P < 0.001) mean serum calprotectin levels than the control group (3.86 ± 2.58 pg/ml vs. 0.29 ± 0.14). AA genotype of calprotectin S100 A8 (rs3806232) was significantly predominant over AG or GG genotypes in patients compared to the controls, and the A allele was significantly (P < 0.001) predominant in patients (80%), while A and G alleles were equally distributed in controls; also, there was a significantly higher serum calprotectin level in calprotectin AA genotype than in AG or GG (P < 0.001) in acne vulgaris patients.ConclusionThe serum levels of calprotectin were considerably greater in AV patients than in controls. AA genotype and A allele of the S100 A8 gene were significantly higher in patients, which was associated with significantly higher calprotectin serum levels. Thus, calprotectin, both gene and serum level, might participate in disease pathogenesis, which needs further studies.
Influence of the availability of calcium on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) in seawater‐mixed C3A–gypsum system
Authors: Cai Yamei , Xuan Dongxing , Poon Chi Sun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work examined the effects of seawater (SW) on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) in C3A–gypsum and C3A–gypsum–Ca(OH)2 systems through the characterization of hydration heat release, the evolution of aqueous phase composition and hydration products with the hydration time. It was found that SW increased the dissolution driving force of C3A and solubility of gypsum, which accelerated the early hydration of C3A and the formation of ettringite (AFt), leading to a higher hydration degree of C3A at an early age compared with the deionized (DI) water–mixed pastes. After gypsum depletion to form AFt, and in the absence of Ca(OH)2, the formation of chloroaluminate hydrates was slower due to the insufficient Ca resulted in an accumulation of Al in solution. This would delay the subsequent transformation of AFt to monosulfate (SO4–AFm) and the formation of hydrogarnet (C3AH6), which would further reduce the hydration degree of the C3A at the later ages. However, in the presence of Ca(OH)2, the hydration degree of C3A–gypsum–Ca(OH)2 at later ages was increased, which was similar to that of the corresponding DI pastes. This can be inferred that the amount of Ca available in SW‐mixed cement concrete can affect the hydration degree of C3A in cement.
Development of siderophore-based rhizobacterial consortium for the mitigation of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses in tomatoes: Anin vitroandin plantaapproach
Authors: Karuppiah Vijay , Natarajan Suganthy , Gangatharan Muralitharan , Aldayel Munirah Fahad , Alsowayeh Noorah , Thangavel Kavitha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTomato-associated plant-growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria were screened for effective antagonistic activity against the fungal vascular wilt pathogens; tolerance to heavy metals; and enhancing the bioavailability of iron for tomato plants through in vitro and in vivo approaches.Methods and ResultsAmong the 121 rhizobacteria screened for siderophores, 25 isolates were observed to be siderophore producers and out of these, seven isolates chelate copper and iron thus exhibiting in vitro antagonism against the virulent strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici MTCC10270 (Fol), Fusarium equiseti MFol and Sarocladium sp. SWL isolated from infected tomatoes. Pseudomonas stutzeri KRP8 was identified to be the most potent strain among the siderophore producers and its siderophores were chemically characterized by mass spectra as metal bound and metal-free forms. Upon bio-inoculation of fortified bacterial consortium (siderozote) into the rhizosphere of vermiculite pot cultured tomatoes supplied with varying concentrations of iron and copper ions, we observed in planta growth improvements, antagonism, enhancement of bioavailability of iron and heavy metal tolerance using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry.Conclusion and Significance of the StudyOur rhizobacterial consortium provides an opportunity for soil reclamation through an ecofriendly method for a heavy metal-free agricultural landscape.
‘Barriers to overcoming the barriers': A scoping review exploring 30 years of clinical supervision literature
Authors: Masamha Roselyne , Alfred Lolita , Harris Ruth , Bassett Sally , Burden Sarah , Gilmore Annette 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/QuestionsTo explore the barriers and facilitators to nurses accessing clinical supervision; explore the barriers and facilitators to organizations implementing clinical supervision and capture what skills nurses require to facilitate clinical supervision.DesignScoping review of peer‐reviewed research and grey literature.Data sourcesCINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO and Scopus were searched for relevant papers published between 1990 and 2020. Google, Google Scholar, OpenGrey & EThOS were used to search for grey literature.Review MethodsPRISMA‐ScR guidelines were used during the literature review process. Eighty‐seven papers were included, and data were extracted from each paper using a standardized form. Data synthesis was undertaken using Seidel's analytical framework.ResultsFive themes were identified: Definitions and Models, (Mis) Trust and the Language of Supervision, Alternative Parallel Forums and Support Mechanisms, Time and Cost and Skills required.ConclusionSince its inception in the 1990s, clinical supervision has long been regarded as a supportive platform for nurses to reflect on and develop their practice. However, this review highlights that despite an awareness of the skills required for nurses to undertake clinical supervision, and the facilitators for nurses to access and organizations to implement clinical supervision, there have been persistent barriers to implementation. This review identifies these persistent factors as ‘barriers to overcoming the barriers' in the clinical supervision landscape. These require critical consideration to contribute towards moving clinical supervision forward in the spirit of its original intentions.ImpactThis review progresses the debate on clinical supervision through critically analysing the barriers to overcoming the barriers. To this end, the review is designed to stimulate critical discussions amongst nurses in different clinical spaces and key stakeholders such as policy makers and regulatory bodies for the nursing profession.
Integrative review of the needs and challenges of indigenous palliative care in rural and remote settings
Authors: Racine Louise , Fowler‐Kerry Susan , Aiyer Harini 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo appraise and synthesize the empirical literature on the needs and challenges of Indigenous peoples' accessibility to palliative care in rural and remote settings.DesignWhittemore and Knafl’s updated approach to integrative reviews, PRISMA guidelines and CASP (2020) checklists for narrative analysis were followed.Data SourcesA systematic search of the published empirical literature from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2021 was undertaken in five databases.Review MethodsTwenty‐four studies met the research question and the inclusion criteria.ResultsFour themes describe the findings: Respect of Indigenous cultural beliefs on death and dying, connection to the land, needs for culturally responsive care and presence of institutional and systemic barriers. These themes indicate a pressing need to increase the accessibility and utilization of palliative care. Most of the studies were qualitative and conducted by teams of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous researchers.ConclusionIntegrating Indigenous knowledge and providing culturally responsive palliative care are steps towards achieving the decolonization of palliative care and responding to Indigenous people's needs of palliative care services. Institutional and systemic racism affect Indigenous peoples' access and delivery of palliative services in Canada and globally.ImpactThe review highlights the need for establishing partnerships and building local capacity with Indigenous communities to develop and implement culturally responsive palliative care programmes in remote locations.
Contact force guided radiofrequency current application at developing myocardium
Authors: Backhoff David , Müller Matthias J. , Betz Teresa , Arnold Andreas , Schneider Heike , Paul Thomas , Krause Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionCatheter contact is a key determinant for lesion size in radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA). Monitoring of contact force (CF) during RFA has been shown to improve efficacy of RFA in experimental settings as well as in adult patients. Coronary artery narrowing after RFA has been described in experimental settings as well as in children and adults and may be dependent from catheter contact. The value of CF monitoring concerning these issues has not been systematically studied yet.Value of high versus low CF during RFA in piglets was studied to assess lesion size and potential coronary artery involvement mimicking RFA in small children.MethodsRFA with continuous CF monitoring was performed in 24 piglets (median weight 18.5 kg) using a 7 F TactiCath Quartz radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter (Abbott). A total of 7 lesions were induced in each animal applying low (10−20 g) or high (40−60 g) CF. RF energy was delivered with a target temperature of 65°C at 30 W for 30 s. Coronary angiography was performed prior and immediately after RF application. Animals were assigned to repeat coronary angiography followed by heart removal after 48 h (n = 12) or 6 months (n = 12). Lesions with surrounding myocardium were excised, fixated, and stained. Lesion volumes were measured by microscopic planimetry.ResultsA total of 148 RF lesions were identified in the explanted hearts. Only in the subset of lesions at the AV annulus 6 month after ablation, lesion size and number of lesions exhibiting transmural extension were higher in the high CF group compared to low CF. In all other locations CF had no impact on lesion size and mural extension after 48 h as well as after 6 months. Additional parameters such as lesion size index and force time integral were also not related to lesion size. Coronary artery damage was present in two animals after 48 h and in one after 6 months and was not related to CF.ConclusionIn our experimental setting, lesion size in piglets was not related to catheter CF. Transmural extension of the RF lesions involving the layers of the coronary arteries was frequently noted irrespective of CF. Coronary artery narrowing was present in 3/24 animals and was not related to CF. In infants and toddlers, low CF (10−20 g) may be of adequate effect. Impact of CF monitoring during conventional RF ablation in children requires further investigation.