bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TypeIIachalasia with focal elevated pressures: A distinct manometric and clinicalsub‐group
Authors: Low Eric E. , Fehmi Syed Abbas , Hasan Aws , Chang Michael , Kwong Wilson , Krinsky Mary L. , Anand Gobind , Greytak Madeline , Kaizer Alexander , Carlson Dustin A. , Pandolfino John E. , Yadlapati Rena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundType II achalasia (Ach2) is distinguished from other achalasia sub‐types by the presence of panesophageal pressurization (PEP) of ≥30 mmHg in ≥20% swallows on high‐resolution manometry (HRM). Variable manometric features in Ach2 have been observed, characterized by focal elevated pressures (FEPs) (focal/segmental pressures ≥70 mmHg within the PEP band) and/or high compression pressures (PEP ≥70 mmHg). This study aimed to examine clinical and physiologic variables among sub‐groups of Ach2.MethodsThis retrospective single center study performed over 3 years (1/2019–1/2022) included adults with Ach2 on HRM who underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP), and/or barium esophagram (BE) prior to therapy. Patients were categorized into two overarching sub‐groups: Ach2 without FEPs and Ach2 with FEPs. Demographic, clinical, and physiologic data were compared between these sub‐groups utilizing unpaired univariate analyses.Key ResultsOf 53 patients with Ach2, 40 (75%) were without FEPs and 13 (25%) had FEPs. Compared with the Ach2 sub‐group without FEPs, the Ach2 sub‐group with FEPs demonstrated a significantly thickened distal esophageal circular muscle on EUS (1.4 mm [SD 0.9] vs. 2.1 [0.7];p = 0.02), higher prevalence of tertiary contractions on BE (46% vs. 100%;p = 0.0006), lower esophagogastric junction distensibility index (2.2mm2/mmHg [0.9] vs 0.9 [0.4];p = 0.0008) as well as higher distensive pressure (31.0 mmHg [9.8] vs. 55.4 [18.8];p = 0.01) at 60 cc fill on FLIP, and higher prevalence of chest pain on Eckardt score (p = 0.03).Conclusions and InferencesWe identified a distinct sub‐group of type II achalasia on HRM, defined as type II achalasia with focal elevated pressures. This sub‐group uniquely exhibits spastic features and may benefit from personalized treatment approaches.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: Clinical features, ancillary testing, and patient management
Authors: Gray Laurel , Olson Jared , Brintz Ben J. , Cipriano Sarah D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe utility of ancillary testing in improving diagnostic precision or improving patient outcomes in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is unclear. Similarly, an optimal antibiotic regimen has yet to be established. Our goal was to describe clinical characteristics and ancillary work‐up of SSSS, report bacterial resistance patterns, and examine patient outcomes under varying therapeutic strategies with the aim of developing an evidence‐based management algorithm.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of pediatric patients diagnosed with SSSS at Intermountain Healthcare facilities between 2010 and 2021. A Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test was used to assess median length of stay between different antibiotic regimens.ResultsEighty‐five cases were identified. The most common ancillary tests obtained were a complete blood count (88%), followed by chemistry analysis (80%). Blood cultures were collected in more patients (79%) compared to aerobic cultures (60%). No blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus. All S. aureus isolates were methicillin‐sensitive. Of those found resistant to clindamycin (36%), all demonstrated macrolide‐induced clindamycin resistance. None were constitutively resistant to clindamycin. There was no statistical difference between antibiotic regimen and length of stay (p = .691). Receiving opiate medications was the only risk factor associated with prolonged hospitalization (p = .001).ConclusionsAncillary testing does not improve diagnostic precision and can be reduced. Clindamycin does not improve patient outcomes, suggesting beta‐lactams should be considered first line. Susceptibility patterns in our cohort demonstrate inducible clindamycin resistance as opposed to constitutive.
A new educational tool for neuropsychological test raters in the dementia field: A Delphi study
Authors: Kuratsubo Izumi , Nagata Risako , Murotani Kenta , Ito Kengo , Washimi Yukihiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychological testing is the primary endpoint of clinical research in the field of dementia, making it essential for the rater to accurately calculate test data for an extensive assessment. However, many raters lack adequate skill to complete neuropsychological tests with sufficient confidence. Therefore, we developed and examined the utility of a checklist and a manual as tools for educating raters on their basic behaviours when conducting comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations in the field of dementia.MethodsWe conducted a seven‐step comprehensive study to develop rater training tools and examine their usefulness between April 2019 and February 2021 involving: 1. Development of a draft checklist, 2. Delphi review rounds, 3. Design of the final checklist, 4. Item weighting, 5. Examination of reliability, 6. Creating the manual, and 7. Examination of the usefulness of learning through rater educational tools (checklist and manual).ResultsThe Delphi review round led to a highly reliable and valid checklist and manual. The total checklist score improved significantly (t = 2.37, P = 0.029) before and after manual learning. We found that the appropriate basic behaviours required by the rater to conduct neuropsychological testing skilfully within the dementia field could be acquired with this tool.ConclusionsUsing a robust development process, we integrated expert knowledge and experience, and developed a checklist and a manual for learning the basic behaviours of neuropsychological test raters in the field of dementia. Establishing standards of basic behaviour for neuropsychological raters will help promote dementia research and advances in medicine.
Nurse practitioner models of care in aged care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Peters Micah D.J. , Marnie Casey 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify current and potential use of nurse practitioner models of care in aged care and to examine factors that have been linked to their failure or success in terms of establishment, sustainability, and expansion.

Introduction:
Nurse practitioners work across a variety of sectors, including aged care. Nurse practitioner models of care have been found to be safe, effective, and highly regarded by clients and patients across many areas. They have particular benefit in areas where access to physicians is challenging, as well as for vulnerable populations. This review will provide a consolidated evidence base to determine the current state of the evidence on nurse practitioner models of care in the aged care sector.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies on nurse practitioner models of care within aged care that report barriers/challenges and facilitators/success factors to their establishment, sustainability, and expansion. Evidence from all countries will be examined. Published and gray literature primary studies in English produced from 2010 onward will be eligible for inclusion. Expert opinion, including literature reviews, commentaries, and discussion, papers will be ineligible.

Methods:
This review will utilize the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Emcare, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Figurative, tabular, and accompanying narrative synthesis will be used to present the results, in line with the review questions.
Developing a definition of biofortification through the synthesis of food biofortification publications: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kellogg Julianne A. , Klarquist Emily F. , Waziri Aichatou D. , Luftig David , Carbonero Franck , Solverson Patrick , Perrigue Martine , Aytekin Destan , Walton Jenny , Garland-Campbell Kim , Murphy Kevin M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to develop a definition of biofortification through the synthesis of food biofortification publications and to document the breadth of the research on this topic.

Introduction:
Biofortification of a food source is a human health intervention. Due to the varying definitions of this concept, biofortification can be difficult to describe. Originally, biofortification was defined as the use of plant breeding methods to produce staple foods dense in minerals and vitamins. Research using the term focused on mineral, vitamin, and protein improvement of staple foods. However, the field has expanded to include non-staple foods as well as different methodological approaches to biofortification (eg, transgenic, molecular breeding). Researchers require a broad overview of the evidence and consensus on a definition to ensure effective communication within this scientific community.

Inclusion criteria:
Inclusion criteria will be broad to ensure that existing definitions of biofortification are captured across the different areas of study in this field. The review will consider research published in English. Inclusion will not be limited by participant type, date of publication, or context. The concept will be strictly biofortification.

Methods:
A broad search strategy will be utilized for AGRICOLA, AGRIS, Web of Science, PubAg, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Google Scholar, and Washington State University Libraries’ integrated catalog. A limited search for gray literature will be conducted. The data extracted will include study and author characteristics. Tables and figures will demonstrate the breadth of the evidence.
Effectiveness of home visit nursing for improving patient-related clinical outcomes in older people: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Eltaybani Sameh , Kawase Kiyomi , Kato Risako , Inagaki Asa , Shinohara Masumi , Yamamoto-Mitani Noriko 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize systematic reviews on the effectiveness of home visit nursing for improving patient-related outcomes in older people.

Introduction:
Home care for older people covers a wide range of services and is provided by an array of health professionals. Reviews on the effectiveness of home care services differ in definition and scope, and the unique contribution of home visit nursing services for older people has not been clearly identified.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider systematic reviews of quantitative studies assessing the effectiveness of home visit nursing for older people. Home visit nursing will include the provision of preventive, promotive, curative, or rehabilitative services in the home. This will be compared with usual care, alternative therapeutic interventions, or no intervention. The outcomes of interest are hospitalization, institutionalization, mortality, patient satisfaction, and quality of life. Systematic reviews with and without meta-analyses will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology. MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PROSPERO, and Grey Literature Report will be searched. The authors will hand-search reference lists of the included reviews. There will be no restrictions on the publication date or country of origin of the review. Only systematic reviews with full text published in English will be considered. Screening of articles, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Data will be summarized in a narrative format with supporting tables.

Scoping review registration:
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/3fexj)
Thermal Performance Optimization of the Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits Employing the Integrated Chip-Size Double-Layer or Multi-Layer Microchannels
Authors: Lu Sainan , Vafai Kambiz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The chip-size integrated double-layer microchannels (DLMCs) and multilayer microchannels (MLMCs) are investigated to optimize the thermal performance of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). The chip-size integrated DLMCs without a heat spreader and a heat sink reduce the hotspot temperature by almost 15 K for a nominal 3D IC structure. Meanwhile, the size is significantly smaller than the copper heat sinks, and the weight of the chip-size integrated DLMC is reduced by 99.9%. Furthermore, two chip-size integrated DLMCs lower the hotspot temperature by another 6.77 K compared with utilizing just one integrated DLMC on top of the chip structure. The results also show that the MLMCs have a great effect on reducing the hotspot temperature. We have established that the optimal layout is four layers. The hotspot temperature is reduced by 21 K and 102 times lighter in weight compared to nominal 3D IC structure. The proposed structure and results presented in this study pave the way for major innovations in resolving the thermal issues for the 3D ICs.
Prospective cohort study on the trajectory and association of perioperative anxiety and postoperative opioid-related outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Shay N , Hassett Afton L , Hu Hsou-Mei , Brummett Chad M , Bicket Mark C , Carlozzi Noelle E , Waljee Jennifer F 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionAlthough perioperative anxiety is common, its trajectory and influence on postoperative pain and opioid use are not well understood. We sought to examine the association and trajectory of perioperative anxiety, pain and opioid use following common surgical procedures.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 1771 patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Self-reported opioid use, pain (Brief Pain Inventory) and anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety) were recorded on the day of surgery and at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postsurgery. Clinically significant anxiety was defined as a PROMIS Anxiety T-score ≥55. We examined postoperative opioid use in the context of surgical site pain and anxiety using mixed-effects regression models adjusted for covariates, and examined anxiety as a mediator between pain and opioid use.ResultsIn this cohort, 65% of participants completed all follow-ups and 30% reported clinically significant anxiety at baseline. Anxiety and surgical site pain were highest on the day of surgery (anxiety: mean=49.3, SD=9.0; pain: mean=4.3, SD=3.3) and declined in the follow-up period. Those with anxiety reported higher opioid use (OR=1.40; 95% CI 1.0, 1.9) and 1.14-point increase in patient-reported surgical pain (95% CI 1.0, 1.3) compared with those without anxiety. Anxiety had no significant mediation effect on the relationship of pain and opioid use.DiscussionAnxiety is an independent risk factor for increased pain and opioid use after surgery. Future studies examining targeted behavioral therapies to reduce anxiety during the perioperative period may positively impact postoperative pain and opioid use.
The final model building for the supersymmetric Pati–Salam models from intersecting D6-branes
Authors: He Weikun , Li Tianjun , Sun Rui , Wu Lina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAll the possible three-family $${\mathcal N}=1$$

N
=
1

supersymmetric Pati–Salam models constructed with intersecting D6-branes from Type IIA orientifolds on $$T^6/(\mathbb {Z}_2\times \mathbb {Z}_2)$$

T
6

/

(

Z
2

×

Z
2

)

are recently presented in arXiv:2112.09632. Taking models with largest wrapping number 5 and approximate gauge coupling unification at GUT scale as examples, we show string scale gauge coupling unification can be realized through two-loop renormalization group equation running by introducing seven pairs of vector-like particles from $${\mathcal N}=2$$

N
=
2

sector. The number of these introduced vector-like particles are fully determined by the brane intersection numbers while there are two D6-brane parallel to each other along one two-torus. We expect this will solve the gauge coupling unification problem in the generic intersecting brane worlds by introducing vector-like particles that naturally included in the $${\mathcal N}=2$$

N
=
2

sector.
Eigenvector-eigenvalue identities and an application to flavor physics
Authors: Chiu S. H. , Kuo T. K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe eigenvector-eigenvalue identities areexpanded to include general mixing parameters. Some simple relations are obtained and they reveal an intricate texture of connections between the eigenvalues and the mixing parameters. Permutation symmetry ($$S_{3}\times S_{3}$$

S
3

×

S
3

) plays an indispensable role in our analysis. It is the guiding principle for the understanding of our results – all of them are tensor equations under permutation.
Las formas del juvenicidio en México
Authors: Becerra-Romero América Tonantzin 
Published: August 2022

(analítico)Se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa y descriptiva sobre las formas en que se desarrolla el juvenicidio en México, considerando que puede presentarse como masacre o de manera sutil y rutinaria. El trabajo implicó el análisis de noticias de eluniversal.com.mx y lajornada.com.mx donde los jóvenes aparecen como actores centrales, publicadas del 1 de septiembre al 30 de noviembre de 2020. La teoría fundamentada y el análisis de contenidos permitieron observar que el juvenicidio se desarrolla mediante violencias y muerte cotidiana, genocidios de Estado y con la precarización de la vida de los jóvenes y su tránsito a zonas de riesgo. Asimismo, que el juvenicidio se articula con movimientos de resistencia y de lucha por la libertad y la vida de la juventud.
Palabras clave: Jóvenes; violencias; muerte; pobreza; criminalidad; resistencias; noticias.
Trending Cardiac Biomarkers During Pregnancy in Women With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Chang Soohyun A. , Khakh Parm , Janzen Mikyla , Lee Terry , Kiess Marla , Rychel Valerie , Grewal Jasmine 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Clinical utility of cardiac biomarker testing during pregnancy in women with preexisting cardiac disease is not well known. We studied the levels and temporal trends of NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and hs-cTnI (high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I) throughout pregnancy in women with preexisting cardiac disease and sought to assess the association between NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods:
Three hundred seven pregnant women with preexisting cardiac disease were prospectively recruited. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis was used to compare the NT-proBNP and hs-cTnI levels between time periods and subgroups. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for maternal age and CARPREG II (Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy) risk score assessed the association between NT-proBNP levels and adverse events.

Results:

Geometric mean NT-proBNP (95% CI) was stable through pregnancy with a transient significant increase with labor and delivery (101.4 pg/mL [87.1–118.1], 90.2 pg/mL [78.5–103.6], 153.6 pg/mL [126.8–186.1], and 112.2 pg/mL [94.2–133.7] for first/second trimester, third trimester, labor/delivery and postpartum, respectively). We observed a statistically significant difference in the NT-proBNP between women with preserved versus decreased systemic ventricular function, structurally normal versus abnormal heart, modified World Health Organization class 1, 2 versus modified World Health Organization class 3, 4 and no congenital heart disease versus congenital heart disease. Compared to those without events, median (interquartile range) NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in those who had heart failure (204 pg/mL [51–450] versus 55 pg/mL [31–97];
P
=0.001) and preeclampsia (98 pg/mL [40–319] versus 55 pg/mL [31–99];
P
=0.027). NT-proBNP, adjusted for age and CARPREG II risk score, was significantly associated with combined heart failure and preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.48–3.10] per log NT-proBNP increase;
P
<0.001). NT-proBNP <200 pg/mL had a specificity of 91% and negative predictive value of 95% in predicting combined heart failure and preeclampsia.

Conclusions:
NT-proBNP remains steady over the course of pregnancy with a transient increase during labor and delivery with higher levels in subgroups of stable cardiac patients. NT-proBNP level of 200 pg/mL can be used in the diagnosis of heart failure/preeclampsia in the pregnant cardiac population.
Impact of dietary protein content on growth of the white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858) (Decapoda, Astacidae) in captive rearing for conservation
Authors: Cartwright Allison , Rice Andrew R. , Dooley James S. G. , Smyth John , Arnscheidt Joerg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes is endangered throughout its entire biogeographic range in Europe due to infection with Aphanomyces astaci (crayfish plague) and habitat deterioration. Ex situ propagation is of increasing importance to safeguard genetic resources and enable restocking measures after the pathogen’s disappearance. This study aimed to quantify the impact of crude protein content on growth response and survival of white-clawed crayfish as optimal growth efficiency of white-clawed crayfish captive rearing has remained largely unexplored. Three separate 80 day feeding trials were conducted: juvenile monosex and juvenile mixed sex crayfish fed medium and high protein diets, and mixed sex adult crayfish fed low and high protein diets. Survival, weight gain and carapace length gain were measured bi-weekly during the trials. Growth response as the relative gain in cephalothorax length in juvenile mixed sex assemblages was significantly higher for the medium protein diet (Mdn = 19.4) than for the high protein diet (Mdn = 15.2, , ) with an average carapace length increase of 18.3% compared to 16.1% for the medium and high protein diet, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the relative weight gain of juvenile mixed sex assemblages. All data for weight gain and carapace length gain for the juvenile monosex assemblages and adult mixed sex assemblages were not significant in response to diets. Thus, there was no obvious advantage of a high protein diet in the captive rearing of A. pallipes and in the case of the juvenile mixed sex assemblage the higher protein content can reduce growth in terms of size.