bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do smaller chicken farms use more antibiotics? Evidence of antibiotic diffusion from Nigeria
Authors: Parkhi Charuta M. , Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Reardon Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFarmers across the world have been using antibiotics in poultry production for both therapeutic and nontherapeutic purposes since the mid 1900s. The literature on antibiotic diffusion and intensification is largely focused on developed countries in North America and Western Europe. There is some literature on Asia where the emphasis has shifted from antibiotic diffusion to concerns about antimicrobial resistance due to excessive use of antibiotics. Although there is evidence of farming intensification across sub‐Saharan Africa, few studies have looked at antibiotic use among livestock farmers. We fill this gap by studying antibiotic use over farm size and regions in Nigerian poultry farming. We find that antibiotic use for nontherapeutic purposes is rapidly expanding among small farms (already over 60% for those with 50–100 birds) and widespread among medium and large chicken farmers (75%–95%) across both richer and poorer regions of Nigeria. While large farmers are more likely to adopt antibiotics, their indiscriminate use is more evident among small farmers. Further, our results reveal that information dissemination through social networks and extension services could play a crucial role in the efficient use of antibiotics. This suggests a need to promote awareness regarding excessive use of antibiotics, particularly in the absence of regulation in Nigeria and other developing countries. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q18, O12, C34].
Lovo‐cel gene therapy for sickle cell disease: Treatment process evolution and outcomes in the initial groups of the HGB‐206 study
Authors: Kanter Julie , Thompson Alexis A. , Pierciey Francis J. , Hsieh Matthew , Uchida Naoya , Leboulch Philippe , Schmidt Manfred , Bonner Melissa , Guo Ruiting , Miller Alex , Ribeil Jean‐Antoine , Davidson David , Asmal Mohammed , Walters Mark C. , Tisdale John F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstractlovo‐cel (bb1111; LentiGlobin for sickle cell disease [SCD]) gene therapy (GT) comprises autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced with the BB305 lentiviral vector encoding a modified β‐globin gene (βA‐T87Q) to produce anti‐sickling hemoglobin (HbAT87Q). The efficacy and safety of lovo‐cel for SCD are being evaluated in the ongoing phase 1/2 HGB‐206 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02140554). The treatment process evolved over time, using learnings from outcomes in the initial patients to optimize lovo‐cel's benefit–risk profile. Following modest expression of HbAT87Q in the initial patients (Group A, n = 7), alterations were made to the treatment process for patients subsequently enrolled in Group B (n = 2, patients B1 and B2), including improvements to cell collection and lovo‐cel manufacturing. After 6 months, median Group A peripheral blood vector copy number (≥0.08 c/dg) and HbAT87Q levels (≥0.46 g/dL) were inadequate for substantial clinical effect but stable and sustained over 5.5 years; both markedly improved in Group B (patient B1: ≥0.53 c/dg and ≥2.69 g/dL; patient B2: ≥2.14 c/dg and ≥6.40 g/dL, respectively) and generated improved biologic and clinical efficacy in Group B, including higher total hemoglobin and decreased hemolysis. The safety of the lovo‐cel for SCD treatment regimen largely reflected the known side effects of HSPC collection, busulfan conditioning regimen, and underlying SCD; acute myeloid leukemia was observed in two patients in Group A and deemed unlikely related to insertional oncogenesis. Changes made during development of the lovo‐cel treatment process were associated with improved outcomes and provide lessons for future SCD GT studies.
TBX6 as a cause of a combined skeletal‐kidney dysplasia syndrome
Authors: Li Guozhuang , Strong Alanna , Wang Haojun , Kim Ji‐Sun , Watson Deborah , Zhao Sen , Vaccaro Courtney , Hartung Erum , Hakonarson Hakon , Zhang Terry Jianguo , Giampietro Philip F. , Wu Nan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTBX6 encodes transcription‐factor box 6, a transcription factor critical to paraxial mesoderm segmentation and somitogenesis during embryonic development. TBX6 haploinsufficiency is believed to drive the skeletal and kidney phenotypes associated with the 16p11.2 deletion syndrome. Heterozygous and biallelic variants in TBX6 are associated with vertebral and rib malformations (TBX6‐associated congenital scoliosis) and spondylocostal dysostosis, and heterozygous TBX6 variants are associated with increased risk of genitourinary tract malformations. Combined skeletal and kidney phenotypes in individuals harboring heterozygous or biallelic TBX6 variants are rare. Here, we present seven individuals with vertebral and rib malformations and structural kidney differences associated with heterozygous TBX6 gene deletion in trans with a hypomorphic TBX6 allele or biallelic TBX6 variants. Our case series highlights the association between TBX6 and both skeletal and kidney disease.
How can secondary dementia prevention trials of Alzheimer's disease be clinically meaningful?
Authors: Liu Kathy Y. , Thambisetty Madhav , Howard Robert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAfter clinical trial failures in symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD), our field has moved to earlier intervention in cognitively normal individuals with biomarker evidence of AD. This offers potential for dementia prevention, but mainly low and variable rates of progression to AD dementia reduce the usefulness of trials’ data in decision making by potential prescribers. With results from several Phase 3 secondary prevention studies anticipated within the next few years and the Food and Drug Administration's recent endorsement of amyloid beta as a surrogate outcome biomarker for AD clinical trials, it is time to question the clinical significance of changes in biomarkers, adequacy of current trial durations, and criteria for treatment success if cognitively unimpaired patients and their doctors are to meaningfully evaluate the potential value of new agents. We argue for a change of direction toward trial designs that can unambiguously inform clinical decision making about dementia risk and progression.
Direct Synthesis of α‐Aryl‐α‐Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Nickel Catalyzed Cross‐Electrophile Coupling
Authors: Lombardi Lorenzo , Cerveri Alessandro , Giovanelli Riccardo , Castiñeira Reis Marta , Silva López Carlos , Bertuzzi Giulio , Bandini Marco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed reductive cross‐electrophile coupling between the redox‐active N‐trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α‐hydroxy‐α‐trifluoromethyl C‐centered radical for the Csp2−Csp3 bond forming process.
Vinylene‐Linked 2D Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks by Wittig Reactions
Authors: Liu Yannan , Fu Shuai , Pastoetter Dominik L. , Khan Arafat Hossain , Zhang Yingying , Dianat Arezoo , Xu Shunqi , Liao Zhongquan , Richter Marcus , Yu Minghao , Položij Miroslav , Brunner Eike , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Heine Thomas , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. , Feng Xinliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVinylene‐linked two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (V‐2D‐COFs) have shown great promise in electronics and optoelectronics. However, only a few reactions for V‐2D‐COFs have been developed hitherto. Besides the kinetically low reversibility of C=C bond formation, another underlying issue facing the synthesis of V‐2D‐COFs is the attainment of high (E)‐alkene selectivity to ensure the appropriate symmetry of 2D frameworks. Here, we tailor the E/Z selectivity of the Wittig reaction by employing a proper catalyst (i.e., Cs2CO3) to obtain more stable intermediates and elevating the temperature across the reaction barrier. Subsequently, the Wittig reaction is innovatively utilized for the synthesis of four crystalline V‐2D‐COFs by combining aldehydes and ylides. Importantly, the efficient conjugation and decent crystallinity of the resultant V‐2D‐COFs are demonstrated by their high charge carrier mobilities over 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, as revealed by non‐contact terahertz (THz) spectroscopy.
A Highly Dynamic Covalent Polymer Network without Creep: Mission Impossible?
Authors: Van Lijsebetten Filip , Debsharma Tapas , Winne Johan M. , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDynamic covalent polymer networks provide an interesting solution to the challenging recyclability of thermosets and elastomers. One of the remaining design constraints, however, is balancing thermal reprocessability in the form of material flow with dimensional stability during use. As a result, many chemistries are being investigated in order to improve bond reactivity control and material robustness. This Minireview highlights a number of promising concepts, with a particular emphasis on disconnecting chemical reactivity in low and high temperature regimes to obtain creep resistant, yet highly dynamic polymer networks. In addition, we will highlight the impact of sharp reactivity changes when applying extrapolation‐based approaches during rheological analysis. As a result, we are confident that abandoning the myth of “permanent” reactivity will aid in the development of sustainable polymeric materials that can truly combine the benefits of thermoplastic and thermoset behaviour.
The Excited‐State Creutz–Taube Ion
Authors: Pieslinger German E. , Ramírez‐Wierzbicki Ivana , Cadranel Alejandro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe excited‐state version of the Creutz–Taube ion was prepared via visible light excitation of [(NH3)5RuII(μ‐pz)RuII(NH3)5]4+. The resulting excited state is a mixed valence {RuIII–δ(μ‐pz⋅−)RuII+δ} transient species, which was characterized using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with vis‐NIR detection. Very intense photoinduced intervalence charge transfers were observed at 7500 cm−1, revealing an excited‐state electronic coupling element HDA=3750 cm−1. DFT calculations confirm a strongly delocalized excited state. A notable consequence of strong electron delocalization is the nanosecond excited state lifetime, which was exploited in a proof‐of‐concept intermolecular electron transfer. The excited‐state Creutz–Taube ion is established as a reference, and demonstrates that electron delocalization in the excited state can be leveraged for artificial photosynthesis or other photocatalytic schemes based on electron transfer chemistry.
Approach to Chemically Durable Nickel and Cobalt Lanthanum‐Nitride‐Based Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Lu Yangfan , Ye Tian‐Nan , Li Jiang , Li Zichuang , Guan Haotian , Sasase Masato , Niwa Yasuhiro , Abe Hitoshi , Li Qian , Pan Fushen , Kitano Masaaki , Hosono Hideo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal nitride complexes have recently been proposed as an efficient noble‐metal‐free catalyst for ammonia synthesis utilizing a dual active site concept. However, their high sensitivity to air and moisture has restricted potential applications. We report that their chemical sensitivity can be improved by introducing Al into the LaN lattice, thereby forming La−Al metallic bonds (La−Al−N). The catalytic activity and mechanism of the resultingTM/La−Al−N (TM=Ni, Co) are comparable to the previously reportedTM/LaN catalyst. Notably, the catalytic activity did not degrade after exposure to air and moisture. Kinetic analysis and isotopic experiment showed that La−Al−N is responsible for N2absorption and activation despite substantial Al being introduced into its lattice because the local coordination of the lattice N remained largely unchanged. These findings show the effectiveness of metallic bond formation, which can support the chemical stability of rare‐earth nitrides with retention of catalytic functionality.
Effect of temperature and fly ash content on the catalytically pyrolyzed rice straw biochar–fly ash composites for methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Bhardwaj Akanksha , Nag Shilpa , Hussain Khadim , Pandey Puneeta , Babu J. Nagendra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRice straw and fly ash are the wastes produced in abundance which need immediate attention for their management. In the present study, the in situ pyrolysis of rice straw in presence of fly ash was carried out and the resultant composites were studied for adsorption of methylene blue (MB). Slow pyrolysis of rice straw in presence of fly ash is evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Coats–Redfern equation for pseudo‐first‐order reaction kinetics, respectively. The activation energy (Ea) for the pyrolysis of rice straw was 41.75 kJ/mol which was lowered to 37.39 kJ/mol in presence of fly ash. Biochar fly ash composites BFA41–3, BFA51–3, and BFA61–3 were prepared at three 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C pyrolysis temperature, respectively, the subscript indicating three different ratios of rice straw and fly ash (1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 w/w ratio). The composites BF4–61–3 were neutral to alkaline in pH, due to the presence of basic oxide and carbonates minerals. BFA4–61–3 was studied for batch adsorption of MB and optimized for pH, dose, and initial concentration of adsorbate. The maximum MB adsorption capacity of 25.91 mg/g was reported for the composite BFA41. MB adsorption efficiency (qe) followed the trend BFA41–3 > BFA51–3 > BFA61–3, which indicates a strong influence of biochar surface functional groups on dye adsorption, as reiterated by the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Stripping of MB was achieved using methanol as a stripping agent for MB‐adsorbed BFA4–61–3 with desorption efficiency of 7% to 11% in the first cycle and 23% to 100% in the second cycle. Thus, the biochar fly ash composite with optimum ion exchangeable functional organic moieties would be suitable for dye remediation and waste generated in the process could find application in soil amelioration.
Imaging of the calcium activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) in vivo using a senicapoc‐derived positron emission tomography tracer
Authors: Konken Christian P. , Heßling Kathrin , Thale Insa , Schelhaas Sonja , Dabel Jennifer , Maskri Sarah , Bulk Etmar , Budde Thomas , Koch Oliver , Schwab Albrecht , Schäfers Michael , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe calcium‐activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) is overexpressed in many tumor entities and has predictive power concerning disease progression and outcome. Imaging of the KCa3.1 channel in vivo using a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) could therefore establish a potentially powerful diagnostic tool. Senicapoc shows high affinity and excellent selectivity toward the KCa3.1 channel. We have successfully pursued the synthesis of the 18F‐labeled derivative [18F]3 of senicapoc using the prosthetic group approach with 1‐azido‐2‐[18F]fluoroethane ([18F]6) in a “click” reaction. The biological activity of the new PET tracer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of the KCa3.1 channel by 3 was demonstrated by patch clamp experiments and the binding pose was analyzed by docking studies. In mouse and human serum, [18F]3 was stable for at least one half‐life of [18F]fluorine. Biodistribution experiments in wild‐type mice were promising, showing rapid and predominantly renal excretion. An in vivo study using A549‐based tumor‐bearing mice was performed. The tumor signal could be delineated and image analysis showed a tumor‐to‐muscle ratio of 1.47 ± 0.24. The approach using 1‐azido‐2‐[18F]fluoroethane seems to be a good general strategy to achieve triarylacetamide‐based fluorinated PET tracers for imaging of the KCa3.1 channel in vivo.
Secure consensus of multi‐agent systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Wen Guanghui , Wang Peijun , Lv Yuezu , Chen Guanrong , Zhou Jialing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the secure consensus problem for multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) linear multi‐agent systems (MASs) subject to denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks, where an attack on an agent will block its associated communication channels until it stops. Firstly, we design an unknown input observer (UIO), based upon which we develop a resilient consensus controller, where the UIO depends only on the relative outputs. By employing a common Lyapunov function (CLF) and using the average dwell‐time (ADT) method, we show that secure consensus is achieved if the attack length rate is not greater than a positive threshold. Secondly, we design a resilient consensus controller with different control gains. By using the multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs) technique, we show that secure consensus is achieved if the attack length rate and the attack frequency are respectively not greater than the corresponding positive thresholds. Finally, we present an example of multiple YF‐22 research UAVs to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Spent silkworm pupae as a renewable and sustainable source for biodiesel
Authors: Halada Nandakrishnan Meenakshi , Dhanavel Nandhini , C.B Mohan , P.G Radhakrishna , V.H Maharaddi , Reddy Narendra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal silk production generates about 1 million tons of spent pupae annually that are generally discarded as waste but could be used to generate about 240 million liters of biodiesel every year. Spent pupae contain about 30–40% oil, 30–40% proteins and about 20–30% carbohydrates which comprise a low‐cost, renewable and sustainable source for production of biofuels, particularly biodiesel. Some studies indicate the potential of converting the pupa oil into biodiesel but there are no reports on the detailed characteristics and the properties and performance of the pupa biodiesel. In this study, oil was obtained from the pupae using mechanical and Soxhlet extraction with yield of up to 95%. The oil was transesterified using acid and alkaline catalysts under different processing conditions. A conversion ratio of more than 90% from oil to biodiesel was possible. Pupae diesel had characteristics similar to regular synthetic‐based diesel with calorific value of between 44 41 MJ kg−1. Pupae diesel was blended up to 50% with regular diesel and performance of the pure and blended fuel was tested on an engine test rig. Engine performance tests showed that the pupa diesel did not compromise the efficiency and produced emissions within the stipulated standards. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ingenieurmodell zur Vermeidung des Trümmerflugs bei Kontaktdetonation
Authors: Zircher Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie Sicherung wichtiger militärischer und politischer Infrastruktur gegen potenzielle terroristische Angriffe ist von großer Bedeutung. Hierzu sind Bauteile aus Stahlfaserbeton sehr gut geeignet und können mit dem beschriebenen Ingenieurmodell dimensioniert werden. Als Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines Ingenieurmodells wurden in der Vergangenheit Versuche mit hohen Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten aus Kontaktdetonation an aus Normal‐ und Stahlfaserbeton hergestellten Platten durchgeführt und ausgewertet. Die dabei bestimmten Kenngrößen und anhand der Bruchbilder gewonnenen Erkenntnisse dienten nun als Eingangsparameter zur Entwicklung eines Ingenieurmodells. Das Ziel der Entwicklung des Ingenieurmodells war es, in Abhängigkeit von der dynamischen Betonzugfestigkeit, der Bauteildicke und der Größe der Kontaktdetonationsladung zu bestimmen, welche Menge Stahlfasern in Vol.‐% erforderlich ist, um einen Trümmerflug auf der lastabgewandten Seite der Platte zu vermeiden. Dazu wird die aus der Kontaktdetonation erzeugte kinetische Abplatzenergie in der Platte bestimmt und im Anschluss die aufnehmbare kinetische Energie des Stahlfaserbetons in Abhängigkeit vom Stahlfasergehalt ermittelt. Um die ingenieurpraktische Verwendung zu gewährleisten, wurden die Resultate in einem Diagramm abgebildet. Somit ist es durch einfaches Ablesen möglich, den rechnerisch erforderlichen Stahlfasergehalt in Vol.‐% zur Vermeidung des Trümmerflugs auf der lastabgewandten Seite der Platte zu bestimmen.
Production, health‐promoting properties and characterization of bioactive peptides from cereal and legume grains
Authors: Aderinola Taiwo Ayodele , Duodu Kwaku Gyebi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe search for bioactive components for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals has received tremendous attention. This is due to the increasing awareness of their therapeutic potentials, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti‐cancer properties, etc. Food proteins, well known for their nutritional importance and their roles in growth and development, are also sources of peptide sequences with bioactive properties and physiological implications. Cereal and legume grains are important staples that are processed and consumed in various forms worldwide. However, they have received little attention compared to other foods. This review therefore is geared towards surveying the literature for an appraisal of research conducted on bioactive peptides in cereal and legume grains in order to identify what the knowledge gaps are. Studies on bioactive peptides from cereal and legume grains are still quite limited when compared to other food items and most of the research already carried out have been done without identifying the sequence of the bioactive peptides. However, the reports on the antioxidative, anticancer/inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic properties show there is much prospect of obtaining potent bioactive peptides from cereal and legume grains which could be utilized in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Mechanism and properties of emerging nanostructured hydrogen storage materials
Authors: Liu Shiyuan , Shui Jianglan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrogen storage technology is one of the main challenges that restrict hydrogen utilization. Although there has been great progress in the research of hydrogen storage materials, seldom can they fulfill the criteria for onboard applications. Here, we focus on some innovative materials with complicated nanostructures and distinctive interactions with hydrogen, which may provide promising prospects. Recent advances in nano‐sized hydrides, catalytic adsorbents, multilayered materials, amorphous metal hydrides, and porous materials with open metal sites are discussed. We analyze the current problems of these hydrogen storage materials and provide suggestions for future development.