bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the pseudo-longitudinal development of specific morphosyntactic features and syntactic complexity in CLIL young learners
Authors: Martínez-Adrián María , Nieva-Marroquín María 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
CLIL studies on language specific areas such as morphosyntax are still quite limited, particularly those with young learners. Likewise, the pseudo-evolution of morphosyntactic aspects across age and proficiency deserves particular attention. This paper will fill these gaps by investigating production accuracy and syntactic complexity in two different age/proficiency groups of CLIL primary school learners (grade 4 and 6). In terms of accuracy, L1 Spanish transfer effects associated with the pro-drop parameter (i.e. subject omission and subject-verb inversion), and the third person singular -s morpheme omission will be explored. Syntactic complexity will be operationalised through the production of simple and complex clauses. The findings obtained align with previous research in that the accumulated hours of CLIL + EFL exposure by grade 6 seem to positively affect the development of complexity measures. However, the lack of progress in the case of the rest of the features examined (i.e. subject omission, inversion of the subject and the third person singular -s omission) calls for the incorporation of focus-on-form components in CLIL programmes.
Effect of PCV and attitude on the precise orbit determination of Jason-3 satellite
Authors: Li Kai , Zhou Xuhua , Guo Nannan , Zhou Shanshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Satellite attitude modes and antenna phase center variations have a great influence on the Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of Low Earth Orbit satellites (LEOs). Inaccurate information about spacecraft attitude, phase center offsets and variations in the POD leads to orbital error. The Jason-3 satellite experienced complex attitude modes which are fixed, sinusoidal, ramp-up/down and yaw-flip. Therefore, it is necessary to properly construct the attitude model in the process of POD especially when there is no external attitude data. For the antenna phase center correction, the PCO which is the deviation between Antenna Reference Point (ARP) and Mean Antenna Phase Center (MAPC) usually can be calibrated on the ground accurately, but the PCV which is the deviation between Instantaneous Antenna Phase Center (IAPC) and Mean Antenna Phase Center (MAPC) will change greatly with the change of space environment. Residual approach can be used to estimate the receiver PCV map. In this paper, we collected the on-board GPS data of Jason-3 satellite from January 2019 and analyzed the impacts of PCV and spacecraft attitude on the orbit accuracy by performing the reduced-dynamic POD. Compared with the reference orbit released by the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), using the PCV map can reduce the Root Mean Square (RMS) of orbit differences in the Radial (R), Along-track (T), Cross-track (N) and 3D direction about 0.3, 1.0, 0.9, and 1.4 mm. Based on the estimated PCV map, the orbit accuracy in R, T, N and 3D direction is 1.24, 2.81, 1.17, and 3.29 cm respectively by using the measured attitude data. When using the attitude model, the orbit accuracy in R, T, N and 3D directions is 1.60, 3.54, 1.33, and 4.13 cm, respectively. The results showed that the combination of measured attitude data and modeled PCV map can obtain the better orbit solution. It is essential to build a corresponding model in high-precision orbit determination, when there is no attitude data and PCV map.
Matrix Analysis for Continuous-Time Markov Chains
Authors: Le Hung V. , Tsatsomeros M. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContinuous-time Markov chains have transition matrices that vary continuously in time. Classical theory of nonnegative matrices, M-matrices and matrix exponentials is used in the literature to study their dynamics, probability distributions and other stochastic properties. For the benefit of Perron-Frobenius cognoscentes, this theory is surveyed and further adapted to study continuous-time Markov chains on finite state spaces.
A Ni(II) coordination polymer with dual electrochemical functions: synthesis, crystal structure, hydrogen evolution reaction and l-ascorbic acid sensing
Authors: Zhang Geng , Dong Jianping , Li Ruixue , Shen Qinqin , Li Kaiyi , Kong Xiaoxia , Wu Huilu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A two-dimensional Ni(II) coordination polymer (NiCP) of the formula {[NiL(terephthalate)(H2O)2]·2H2O}
n
(L = bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)ether), has been obtained from a solvothermal reaction, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and IR and UV/Vis spectra. The coordinated terephthalate anions and the L ligands connect the Ni(II) ions in two directions, resulting in the construction of a corrugated layered structure. The electrochemical properties of a NiCP-CPE composite electrode supported by this coordination polymer were studied. For the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, the required overpotential of this electrode (NiCP-CPE) is −521 mV when the current density reaches 10 mA cm−2. Compared with the solid carbon paste electrode (sCPE, −976 mV), the smaller overpotential proves effective electrocatalysis of the coordination polymer of the hydrogen evolution reaction. The doped electrode also exhibits high-efficiency in the electrochemical sensing of l-ascorbic acid in water, showing a detection limit of 0.28 μM in a linear range of 0.4–4000 μM.
Opportunities and Traps for Trade Unions in European Employment Policy Initiatives
Authors: Meardi Guglielmo , Burroni Luigi , Keune Maarten , Bellini Andrea , Galetto Manuela , Mori Anna , Payton Noëlle , Scalise Gemma 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
After some promise in the 1990s, European unions have grown increasingly disillusioned with regard to the results of EU social policy and EU social dialogue. The paper analyses the extent and reasons of this disillusion by looking at the impact on social dialogue of the Active Inclusion Recommendation launched by the European Commission at the outset of the economic crisis in 2008. The Recommendation led to a tripartite framework agreement at the EU level in 2010 (the only such agreement in a decade), which was then to be implemented at national and regional levels. With a multilevel governance approach, the paper looks at the extent to which social dialogue on Active Inclusion at the EU level, in six EU countries (France, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK) and six regions (Rhône-Alpes, Lombardy, Lower Silesia, Catalonia, West Sweden and Greater Manchester) within those countries was somehow revitalised. The analysis, looking at both top-down and bottom-up processes and based on documentary analysis and interviews, shows that the initiative displays ambiguities similar to those of typical composite EU principles, such as famously the case of ‘flexicurity’. The multilevel governance of the EU, including the interaction between ‘soft’ employment policies and evolving ‘hard’ Eurogovernance tools, and with poor horizontal and vertical coordination, resulted in multiple distortions of the principle and, over time, to frustration. Unions’ engagement varies by level, country and region, reflecting both traditional national approaches and the local perception of ‘active inclusion’ as an opportunity. Although trade unions were more welcoming of ‘active inclusion’ than they had been for flexicurity, similar related threats and opportunities led to modest achievements and a gradual fading of the idea at the European and national levels, with some more opportunities however at the regional level. The paper concludes that, if trade unions want to engage with the idea of a European Social Model and with Eurogovernance, they could develop stronger networks among regional organisations.
The Development and Application of a Novel Apparatus for the Freezing Point Test of Soil
Authors: Zhou Yongyi , Zhang Jianjing , Xie Qiang , Yan Shijie , Niu Jiayong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The nonuniform freezing of the sample has a considerable influence on the result of the freezing point test. It is associated with the size of samples and called the “size effect.” A novel apparatus based on solid-state cooling technology was developed to solve this problem. A linear freezing mode called the “ramped freezing” (RF) was proposed to replace the “constant freezing” (CF) and provide a uniform freezing condition for the soil sample. The single neuron network was used to dynamically optimize the parameters of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative algorithm and improve the performance of variable temperature control. Freezing tests of water solutions were designed to verify the applicability of this apparatus. Key parameters, such as the freezing point (Tf) and the supercooling point (Ts), could be reflected in the cooling curves. Then, freezing point tests of soils with different freezing modes were carried out. Under the CF condition, the soil sample partly freezes from the surface to the central point. Because the temperature monitored by the sensor is the average value of the sensor-soil interface, the “apparent freezing point” obtained from the sample with CF mode is higher than the actual freezing point. For the sample with RF mode, the latent heat cannot raise the sample temperature to the equilibrium freezing point if the pore water is “hypercooled.” The freezing point will be underestimated in this condition. Two measures, applying an external disturbance on the test box and turning up the set temperature after the release of latent heat, can be adopted to avoid the influence of hypercooling.
Rheological Properties of Derivative Fractions Composed of Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Xiao Feipeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The chemical composition of the asphalt binder determines its rheological and mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to reveal the rheological properties of derivative fractions composed of aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. First, asphalt binder (pen grade 60/80) was separated into four fractions, and then resins and asphaltenes were doped into aromatics at various contents to fabricate four derivative fractions named AR1, AR2, AAs1, and AAs2. The frequency-temperature sweep was conducted by a dynamic shear rheometer (30∼80°C, 0.01∼20 Hz, and 0.01 % shear strain). The test results showed that with the increase of resins or asphaltenes content, the complex shear modulus increased, the phase angle value reduced, and the glass transition temperature increased, indicating that an increase in polarity led to higher stiffness and elasticity. The separated and derivative fractions in this study have been proved as thermo-rheologically simple materials due to their smooth Black diagram curves and master curves. Saturates with simple aliphatic chains had a constant phase angle value regardless of temperature and frequency. Aromatics, resins, and derivative fractions had a similar Black diagram and master curve shape characterized by a plateau region in the phase angle values. Moreover, the reduced frequency at phase angle plateau shifted from high to low frequency when the asphaltenes content increased.
Effect of Grout Age on Mechanical Behaviors of Grouted Sleeve Connections
Authors: Xiang Huawei , Wang Yutong , Chen Chunlei , Wang Jinfeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In current accelerated bridge construction, grouted sleeve connections are widely used to connect bridge substructures, such as prefabricated piers and abutments. Grouting material age is the main factor affecting the mechanical properties of the sleeve connections, which in turn affects the efficiency of the accelerated bridge construction. On the basis of varyingly aged grout specimens, this article presented an experimental test regarding the influence of grout age on the mechanical properties of grouted sleeve connections. The specimens were loaded on the universal testing machine, and their interior failure mode was analyzed using industrial Computed Tomography (CT) detecting technology, which is a method of examing structures by scanning X rays. The results revealed that the bearing capacity of the 1-day-old grouted sleeve connection can reach the yield strength of the connection bar. After 14 days, the sleeve’s connection strength remained basically stabilized. Moreover, the failure of bonding interface between the bar and the grouting material mainly occurred in grouted sleeve connections. Based on the measured load–displacement data before the bar yield, model parameters related to grout age and the stress-slip model of the bonding interface between bar and the grouting material are presented, which can guide the mechanical analysis and the design of grouted sleeve connections.
Mu Opioid Receptors Acutely Regulate Adenosine Signaling in Striatal Glutamate Afferents
Authors: Adhikary Sweta , Jaeckel Elizabeth R. , Birdsong William T. 
Published: January 2022

Endogenous adenosine plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis, and adenosine levels are tightly regulated across neural circuits. In the dorsal medial striatum (DMS), adenosine inhibits neurotransmitter release, but the source and mechanism underlying its accumulation are largely unknown. Opioids also inhibit neurotransmitter release in the DMS and influence adenosine accumulation after prolonged exposure. However, how these two neurotransmitter systems interact acutely is also largely unknown. This study demonstrates that activation of µ opioid receptors, but not δ opioid receptors or κ opioid receptors, inhibits tonic activation of adenosine A1Rs via a cAMP-dependent mechanism in both male and female mice. Further, selectively knocking out µ opioid receptors from thalamic presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) revealed that activation of µ opioid receptors on D1R-positive MSNs, but not D2R-positive MSNs, is necessary to inhibit tonic adenosine signaling on presynaptic terminals. Given the role of D1R-positive MSNs in movement and motivated behaviors, these findings reveal a novel mechanism by which these neurons regulate their own synaptic inputs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding interactions between neuromodulatory systems within brain circuits is a fundamental question in neuroscience. The present work uncovers a novel role of opioids in acutely inhibiting adenosine accumulation and subsequent adenosine receptor signaling in the striatum by inhibiting the production of cAMP. Adenosine receptor signaling regulates striatal neurotransmitters, including glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and acetylcholine. Furthermore, interactions between adenosine2Areceptors and numerous other GPCRs, including D2dopamine and CB1cannabinoid receptors, suggest that endogenous adenosine broadly modulates striatal GPCR signaling. Additionally, this work discovered that the source of resting endogenous extracellular adenosine is likely D1, but not D2receptor-positive medium spiny neurons, suggesting that opioid signaling and manipulation of D1R-expressing medium spiny neuron cAMP activity can broadly affect striatal function and behavior.
Elevation of Extracellular Glutamate by Blockade of Astrocyte Glutamate Transporters Inhibits Cocaine Reinforcement in Rats via a NMDA-GluN2B Receptor Mechanism
Authors: Yang Hong-Ju , Hempel Briana J. , Bi Guo-Hua , He Yi , Zhang Hai-Ying , Gardner Eliot L. , Xi Zheng-Xiong 
Published: January 2022

It is well established that glutamate plays an important role in drug-induced and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, the role of glutamate in drug reward is unclear. In this study, we systemically evaluated the effects of multiple glutamate transporter (GLT) inhibitors on extracellular glutamate and dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), intravenous cocaine self-administration, intracranial brain-stimulation reward (BSR), and reinstatement of cocaine seeking in male and female rats. Among the five GLT inhibitors we tested, TFB-TBOA was the most potent. Microinjections of TFB-TBOA into the NAc, but not the ventral tegmental area (VTA), or dorsal striatum (DS), dose-dependently inhibited cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio (PR) reinforcement schedules, shifted the cocaine dose–response curve downward, and inhibited intracranial BSR. Selective downregulation of astrocytic GLT-1 expression in the NAc by GLT-1 antisense oligonucleotides also inhibited cocaine self-administration. The reduction in cocaine self-administration following TFB-TBOA administration was NMDA GluN2B receptor dependent, and rats self-administering cocaine showed upregulation of GluN2B expression in NAc DA- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32 (DARPP-32)-positive medium-spiny neurons (MSNs). In contrast, TFB-TBOA, when locally administered into the NAc, VTA, or ventral pallidum (VP), dose-dependently reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior. Intra-NAc TFB-TBOA-evoked drug-seeking was long-lasting and NMDA/AMPA receptor dependent. These findings, for the first time, indicate that glutamate in the NAc negatively regulates cocaine's rewarding effects, while an excess of glutamate in multiple brain regions can trigger reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is well known that glutamate plays an important role in relapse to drug seeking. However, the role of glutamate in drug reward is less clear. Here, we report that TFB-TBOA, a highly potent glutamate transporter (GLT) inhibitor, dose-dependently elevates extracellular glutamate and inhibits cocaine self-administration and brain-stimulation reward (BSR), when administered locally into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not other brain regions. Mechanistic assays indicate that cocaine self-administration upregulates NMDA-GluN2B receptor subtype expression in striatal dopaminoceptive neurons and activation of GluN2B by TFB-TBOA-enhanced glutamate inhibits cocaine self-administration. TFB-TBOA also reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior when administered into the NAc, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and ventral pallidum (VP). These findings demonstrate that glutamate differentially regulates cocaine reward versus relapse, reducing cocaine reward, while potentiating relapse to cocaine seeking.
The Spatiotemporal Link of Temporal Expectations: Contextual Temporal Expectation Is Independent of Spatial Attention
Authors: Tal-Perry Noam , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit 
Published: January 2022

Temporal expectation is the ability to construct predictions regarding the timing of events, based on previously experienced temporal regularities of different types. For example, cue-based expectations are constructed when a cue validly indicates when a target is expected to occur. However, in the absence of such cues, expectations can be constructed based on contextual temporal information, including the onset distribution of the event and recent prior experiences, both providing implicit probabilistic information regarding the timing of the event. It was previously suggested that cue-based temporal expectation is exerted via synchronization of spatially specific neural activity at a predictable time of a target, within receptive fields corresponding to the expected location of the target. Here, we tested whether the same theoretical model holds for contextual temporal effects. Participants (n= 40, 25 females) performed a speeded spatial-cuing detection task with two-thirds valid spatial cues. The hazard-rate function of the target was modulated by varying the foreperiod—the interval between the spatial cue and the target—among trials and was manipulated between groups by changing the interval distribution. Reaction times were analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian generalized linear mixed models, accounting for hazard and sequential effects. Results showed that the effects of contextual temporal structures on reaction times were independent of spatial attention. This suggests that the spatiotemporal mechanisms, thought to account for cue-based expectation, cannot explain other sources of temporal expectations. We conclude that expectations based on contextual structures have different characteristics than cue-based temporal expectation, suggesting reliance on distinct neural mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTemporal expectation is the ability to predict an event onset based on temporal regularities. A neurophysiological model suggested that temporal expectation relies on the synchronization of spatially specific neurons whose receptive fields represent the attended location. This model predicts that temporal expectation would be evident solely within the locus of spatial attention. Existing evidence supported this model for expectation based on associations between a temporal cue and a target, but here we show that it cannot account for temporal expectation that is based on contextual information, that is, the distribution of intervals and recent priors. These findings reveal the existence of different predictive mechanisms for cued and contextual temporal predictions, with the former depending on spatial attention and the latter nonspatially specific.
A Quality Improvement Bundle to Improve Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants in the First Week
Authors: Travers Colm P. , Gentle Samuel , Freeman Amelia E. , Nichols Kim , Shukla Vivek V. , Purvis Donna , Dolma Kalsang , Winter Lindy , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Carlo Waldemar A. , Lal Charitharth V. 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVESOur objective with this quality improvement initiative was to reduce rates of severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) or death in the first week after birth among extremely preterm infants.METHODSThe quality improvement initiative was conducted from April 2014 to September 2020 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s NICU. All actively treated inborn extremely preterm infants without congenital anomalies from 22 + 0/7 to 27 + 6/7 weeks’ gestation with a birth weight ≥400 g were included. The primary outcome was severe ICH or death in the first 7 days after birth. Balancing measures included rates of acute kidney injury and spontaneous intestinal perforation. Outcome and process measure data were analyzed by using p-charts.RESULTSWe studied 820 infants with a mean gestational age of 25 + 3/7 weeks and median birth weight of 744 g. The rate of severe ICH or death in the first week after birth decreased from the baseline rate of 27.4% to 15.0%. The rate of severe ICH decreased from a baseline rate of 16.4% to 10.0%. Special cause variation in the rate of severe ICH or death in the first week after birth was observed corresponding with improvement in carbon dioxide and pH targeting, compliance with delayed cord clamping, and expanded use of indomethacin prophylaxis.CONCLUSIONSImplementation of a bundle of evidence-based potentially better practices by using specific electronic order sets was associated with a lower rate of severe ICH or death in the first week among extremely preterm infants.