bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Fast Setting Early Strength Self Compacting Concrete(FSESSCC) Using Metakaolin
Authors: Diddi Pavan Kumar , Sharma Pushpendra K , Srivastava Amit , Madduru Sri Rama Chand , Sreenivas Reddy E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sustainability in construction, using concrete as construction material, is initiated to obtain through cement, i.e. binder, optimisation and by application of secondary cementitious materials(SCMs) as component substitute of cement. The cement production industry has previously attained notable improvements in sustainability by use of byproducts of various industries as SCMs through blending suitable materials, like ferro silicon industrial by product mirco silica, steel industry by product finely ground granulated blast furnace slag, thermal power industry byproduct fly ash etc., to diminish the CO2 emission from the manufacturing plants of cement. Pozzolanicity and pore- filling qualities are the two pre requisite characteristics of the SCMs so they can play effective role in reducing the cement quantity in concrete and there by achieve sustainability. But as these quality features are inadequate in most of the industrial waste byproducts as they are not purposefully/specifically/ precisely manufactured but they are only the byproducts of industries produced as a process of manufacturing some products like steel, ferro silica alloys etc., or using some other materials like coal for producing energy. Also these SCMs are globally not obtainable everywhere. Construction industry is thus struggling with considerable cement consumption in its various activities and there by releasing enormous amounts of CO2 emissions, consumption of natural resources thereby depleting the same and increase in cost of cement production due to imposed green tax and shortage of suitable raw materials. Therefore, there is an emergent preference towards finding out various substitutive inorganic binders from native sources for partly substituting cement in concrete construction. One of the solutions to achieve sustainability in concrete construction is to use moderate reactive SCMs like flyash(FA), GGBFS(ground granulated blast furnace slag) in higher quantity and reactive SCMs like SF etc., so that demerits of slow setting and late strength gain in concrete prepared with moderate SCMs like GGBFS,fly ash etc., can be compensated by reactive SCMs,in lower quantities. Recently clays are observed to be an ample possibility as a promising reactive SCMs as they are richer in alumina and silica, and have good pozzolanic properties in definite raw, calcination situations or surface alterations forms for producing sustainable concretes with lower expenses and more eco-friendliness. In this study experimental investigation presented on the utilisation of metakaolin (MK), a high reactive SCM, in combination with GGBFS, a moderately reactive SCM, in the development of fast setting early strength sustainable self consolidating concrete(SCC) intended to use in fast track repairs/construction. Influence of MK on properties in fresh state and solidified state of SCC were studied and its effect on durability characteristics of SCC established.
Major surgical postoperative complications and survival in breast cancer: Swedish population-based register study in 57 152 women
Authors: de Boniface Jana , Szulkin Robert , Johansson Anna L V 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Postoperative complications may activate prometastatic systemic pathways through tissue damage, wound healing, infection, and inflammation. Postoperative complications are associated with inferior survival in several types of cancer. The aim was to determine the association between postoperative complications and survival in breast cancer.

Methods
This population-based cohort included women operated for T1–3 N0–3 M0 invasive breast cancer in Sweden from 2008 to 2017. Only major surgical postoperative complications leading to readmission and/or reoperation within 30 days were considered. Main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Prospectively collected nationwide register data were used. Multivariable Cox models were adjusted for clinical and socioeconomic confounders and co-morbidity.

Results
Among 57 152 women, major surgical postoperative complications were registered for 1854 patients. Median follow-up was 6.22 (0.09–11.70) years. Overall, 9163 patients died, and 3472 died from breast cancer. Major surgical postoperative complications were more common after mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction (7.3 and 4.3 per cent respectively) than after breast-conserving surgery (2.3 per cent). Unadjusted 5-year OS and BCSS rates were 82.6 (95 per cent c.i. 80.8 to 84.5) and 92.1 (90.8 to 93.5) per cent respectively for women with a major surgical postoperative complication, and 88.8 (88.6 to 89.1) and 95.0 (94.8 to 95.2) per cent for those without a complication (P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment, all-cause and breast cancer mortality rates remained higher after a major surgical postoperative complication (OS: HR 1.32, 95 per cent c.i. 1.15 to 1.51; BCSS: HR 1.31, 1.04 to 1.65). After stratification for type of breast surgery, this association remained significant only for women who had mastectomy without reconstruction (OS: HR 1.41, 1.20 to 1.66; BCSS: HR 1.36, 1.03 to 1.79).

Conclusion
Major surgical postoperative complications are associated with inferior survival, especially after mastectomy. These results underline the importance of surgical de-escalation.
B cells defined by immunoglobulin isotypes
Authors: James Louisa Katherine 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe ability of B cells to generate antibodies and provide long-lived protective immunity is the cornerstone of vaccination and has contributed to the success of modern medicine. The nine different antibody subclasses produced by humans have effector functions that differ according to antigen type and route of exposure. Expression of the appropriate isotype is critical for effective humoral immunity, and it is becoming clear that subclass specificity is to some extent reflected at the cellular level. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the induction, expansion, and maintenance of B cells expressing different antibody subclasses informs the strategic manipulation of responses to benefit human health. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms by which the different human antibody subclasses regulate immunity, presents an update on how antibody subclass expression is regulated at the cellular level and highlights key areas for future research.
High cortical iron is associated with the disruption of white matter tracts supporting cognitive function in healthy older adults
Authors: Zachariou Valentinos , Bauer Christopher E , Pappas Colleen , Gold Brian T 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAging is associated with brain iron accumulation, which has been linked to cognitive decline. However, how brain iron affects the structure and function of cognitive brain networks remains unclear. Here, we explored the possibility that iron load in gray matter is associated with disruption of white matter (WM) microstructure within a network supporting cognitive function, in a cohort of 95 cognitively normal older adults (age range: 60–86). Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to localize a set of brain regions involved in working memory and diffusion tensor imaging based probabilistic tractography was used to identify a network of WM tracts connecting the functionally defined regions. Brain iron concentration within these regions was evaluated using quantitative susceptibility mapping and microstructural properties were assessed within the identified tracts using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Results indicated that high brain iron concentration was associated with low neurite density (ND) within the task-relevant WM network. Further, regional associations were observed such that brain iron in cortical regions was linked with lower ND in neighboring but not distant WM tracts. Our results provide novel evidence suggesting that age-related increases in brain iron concentration are associated with the disruption of WM tracts supporting cognitive function in normal aging.
Anatomical considerations and clinical interpretation of the 12-lead ECG in the prone position: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Romero Jorge , Garcia Mario , Diaz Juan Carlos , Gabr Mohamed , Rodriguez-Taveras Joan , Braunstein Eric D , Purkayastha Sutopa , Gamero Maria T , Alviz Isabella , Marín Jorge , Aristizábal Julián , Reynbakh Olga , Peralta Adelqui O , Duque Mauricio , Dave Kartikeya P , Rodriguez Daniel , Nino Cesar , Briceno David , Velasco Alejandro , Ferrick Kevin , Slipczuk Leandro , Natale Andrea , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to provide guidance for the clinical interpretation of electrocardiograms (ECGs) in prone position and to establish the electroanatomic explanations for the possible differences to supine position ECGs that may be observed. Additionally, to determine if prone back ECG can be used as an alternative to standard ECG in patients who may benefit from prone position.Methods and resultsThe ECG in supine (standard ECG), prone back (precordial leads placed on the patient’s back), and prone anterior position (precordial leads placed in the standard position with the subjects in prone position) were prospectively examined on 85 subjects. Comparisons of ECG parameters between these positions were performed. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed in both positions to determine possible electroanatomic aetiologies for prone-associated ECG changes. There were significant differences in QRS amplitude in Leads V1–V5 between supine and prone positions. Q waves were more frequently observed in prone back position vs. supine position (V1: 74.1 vs. 10.6%, P &lt; 0.0001; V2: 23.5 vs. 0%, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Flat and inverted T waves were more common in prone back leads (V1: 98 vs. 66%, P &lt; 0.0001; V2: 96 vs. 8%, P &lt; 0.0001; V3: 45 vs. 7%, P &lt; 0.0001). The 3D-CT reconstructions measurements corroborated the significant inverse correlation between QRS amplitude and the distance from the centre of the heart to the estimated lead positions.ConclusionIn prone back position ECG, low QRS amplitude should not be misinterpreted as low voltage conditions, neither should Q waves and abnormal T waves are considered anteroseptal myocardial infarction. These changes can be explained by an increased impedance (due to interposing lung tissue) and by the increased distance between the electrodes to the centre of the heart.
Regional Neuroanatomic Effects on Brain Age Inferred Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ridge Regression
Authors: Massett Roy J , Maher Alexander S , Imms Phoebe E , Amgalan Anar , Chaudhari Nikhil N , Chowdhury Nahian F , Irimia Andrei ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The biological age of the brain differs from its chronological age (CA) and can be used as biomarker of neural/cognitive disease processes and as predictor of mortality. Brain age (BA) is often estimated from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) using machine learning (ML) that rarely indicates how regional brain features contribute to BA. Leveraging an aggregate training sample of 3 418 healthy controls (HCs), we describe a ridge regression model that quantifies each region’s contribution to BA. After model testing on an independent sample of 651 HCs, we compute the coefficient of partial determination R¯p2 for each regional brain volume to quantify its contribution to BA. Model performance is also evaluated using the correlation r between chronological and biological ages, the mean absolute error (MAE ) and mean squared error (MSE) of BA estimates. On training data, r=0.92, MSE=70.94 years, MAE=6.57 years, and R¯2=0.81; on test data, r=0.90, MSE=81.96 years, MAE=7.00 years, and R¯2=0.79. The regions whose volumes contribute most to BA are the nucleus accumbens (R¯p2=7.27%), inferior temporal gyrus (R¯p2=4.03%), thalamus (R¯p2=3.61%), brainstem (R¯p2=3.29%), posterior lateral sulcus (R¯p2=3.22%), caudate nucleus (R¯p2=3.05%), orbital gyrus (R¯p2=2.96%), and precentral gyrus (R¯p2=2.80%). Our ridge regression, although outperformed by the most sophisticated ML approaches, identifies the importance and relative contribution of each brain structure to overall BA. Aside from its interpretability and quasi-mechanistic insights, our model can be used to validate future ML approaches for BA estimation.
Constructing Discrimination Rights: Comparisons Among Staff in Long-Term Care Health Facilities
Authors: Perone Angela K 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite increased attention to racial and gender justice in the workplace in recent years, discrimination complaints remain vastly underreported. Building on legal consciousness theory―which explains how individuals invoke (or do not invoke) legal principles to define everyday experiences―this study examines how long-term care facility staff understand experiences of discrimination by residents and why staff fails to report discrimination.Research Design and MethodsThis qualitative comparative study uses in-depth semistructured ethnographic interviews to compare experiences among facility staff (n = 80) at three levels (floor staff, mid-management, and upper-management). The qualitative content analysis incorporated both inductive and deductive coding approaches.ResultsFindings reveal extensive unreported instances of discrimination from residents. Staff at all levels rarely invoked discrimination concepts to describe interactions between residents and staff. Floor staff framed residents’ discriminatory behavior as a condition of employment or attributed resident behavior to their health or cognitive status. Mid-management framed experiences around staff safety. Upper-management acknowledged staff rights without invoking discrimination rhetoric.Discussion and ImplicationsBy avoiding naming experiences as discrimination and blaming residents, most floor staff never reached the claiming process that would result in a report or complaint of discrimination. Managers’ framings also shaped how front-line staff and managers named, blamed, and claimed experiences of discrimination and help explain why staff may be hesitant to report discrimination by residents. These findings suggest the need for new and targeted policy and practice approaches that address the nuances accompanying how staff understands workplace experiences as discrimination.
Regional epithelial cell diversity in the small intestine of pigs
Authors: Wiarda Jayne E , Becker Sage R , Sivasankaran Sathesh K , Loving Crystal L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Understanding regional distribution and specialization of small intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for developing methods to control appetite, stress, and nutrient uptake in swine. To establish a better understanding of specific epithelial cells found across different regions of the small intestine in pigs, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to recover and analyze epithelial cells from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Cells identified included crypt cells, enterocytes, BEST4 enterocytes, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine (EE) cells. EE cells were divided into two subsets based on the level of expression of the EE lineage commitment gene, NEUROD1. NEUROD1hi EE cells had minimal expression of hormone-encoding genes and were dissimilar to EE cells in humans and mice, indicating a subset of EE cells unique to pigs. Recently discovered BEST4 enterocytes were detected in both crypts and villi throughout the small intestine via in situ staining, unlike in humans, where BEST4 enterocytes are found only in small intestinal villi. Proximal-to-distal gradients of expression were noted for hormone-encoding genes in EE cells and nutrient transport genes in enterocytes via scRNA-seq, demonstrating regional specialization. Regional gene expression in EE cells and enterocytes was validated via quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of RNA isolated from epithelial cells of different small intestinal locations. Though many genes had similar patterns of regional expression when assessed by qPCR of total epithelial cells, some regional expression was only detected via scRNA-seq, highlighting advantages of scRNA-seq to deconvolute cell type-specific regional gene expression when compared to analysis of bulk samples. Overall, results provide new information on regional localization and transcriptional profiles of epithelial cells in the pig small intestine.
WISDOM Project – XII. Clump properties and turbulence regulated by clump–clump collisions in the dwarf galaxy NGC 404
Authors: Liu Lijie , Bureau Martin , Li Guang-Xing , Davis Timothy A , Nguyen Dieu D , Liang Fu-Heng , Choi Woorak , Smith Mark R , Iguchi Satoru 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a study of molecular structures (clumps and clouds) in the dwarf galaxy NGC 404 using high-resolution (≈0.86 × 0.51 pc2) Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array 12CO(2-1) observations. We find two distinct regions in NGC 404: a gravitationally stable central region (Toomre parameter Q = 3–30) and a gravitationally unstable molecular ring (Q ≲ 1). The molecular structures in the central region have a steeper size–linewidth relation and larger virial parameters than those in the molecular ring, suggesting gas is more turbulent in the former. In the molecular ring, clumps exhibit a shallower mass–size relation and larger virial parameters than clouds, implying density structures and dynamics are regulated by different physical mechanisms at different spatial scales. We construct an analytical model of clump–clump collisions to explain the results in the molecular ring. We propose that clump–clump collisions are driven by gravitational instabilities coupled with galactic shear, which lead to a population of clumps whose accumulation lengths (i.e. average separations) are approximately equal to their tidal radii. Our model-predicted clump masses and sizes (and mass–size relation) and turbulence energy injection rates (and size–linewidth relation) match the observations in the molecular ring very well, suggesting clump–clump collisions are the main mechanism regulating clump properties and gas turbulence in that region. As expected, our collision model does not apply to the central region, where turbulence is likely driven by clump migration.
mocca: dynamics and evolution of single and binary stars of multiple stellar populations in tidally filling and underfilling globular star clusters
Authors: Hypki Arkadiusz , Giersz Mirek , Hong Jongsuk , Leveque Agostino , Askar Abbas , Belloni Diogo , Otulakowska-Hypka Magdalena 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present an upgraded version of the mocca code for the study of dynamical evolution of globular clusters (GCs) and its first application to the study of evolution of multiple stellar populations. We explore initial conditions spanning different structural parameters for the first (FG) and second generation of stars (SG) and we analyse their effect on the binary dynamics and survival. Here, we focus on the number ratio of FG and SG binaries, their spatial variation, and the way their abundances are affected by various cluster initial properties. We find that present-day SG stars are more abundant in clusters that were initially tidally filling. Conversely, FG stars stay more abundant in clusters that were initially tidally underfilling. We find that the ratio between binary fractions is not affected by the way we calculate these fractions [e.g. only main-sequence binaries (MS) or observational binaries, i.e. MS stars &gt;0.4 M⊙ mass ratios &gt;0.5]. This implies that the MS stars themselves are a very good proxy for probing entire populations of FG and SG. We also discuss how it relates to the observations of Milky Way GCs. We show that mocca models are able to reproduce the observed range of SG fractions for Milky Way GCs for which we know these fractions. We show how the SG fractions depend on the initial conditions and provide some constraints for the initial conditions to have more numerous FG or SG stars at the Hubble time.
Searching for young runaways across the sky
Authors: Kounkel Marina , Mcbride Aidan , Stassun Keivan G , Leigh Nathan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a catalogue of 3354 candidate young stars within 500 pc that appear to have been ejected from their parent associations with relative speeds of &gt;5 km s−1. These candidates have been homogeneously selected through performing a 2D spherical traceback of previously identified pre-main-sequence candidates to various star-forming regions, ensuring that the traceback age as well as the estimated age of a star is consistent with the age of the population, and excluding contaminants from the nearby moving groups that follow the dominant velocity currents in the field. Among the identified candidates we identify a number of pairs that appear to have interacted in the process of the ejection; these pairs have similar traceback time, and their trajectory appears to be diametrically opposite from each other, or they have formed a wide binary in the process. As the selection of these candidates is performed solely in 2D, spectral follow-up is necessary for their eventual confirmation. Unfortunately, recently released Gaia DR3 radial velocities appear to be unsuitable for characterizing the kinematics of low-mass stars with ages &lt;100 Myr, as the accretion, activity, and a variety of other spectral features that make them distinct from the more evolved stars do not appear to have been accurately accounted for in the data, resulting in significant artificially inflated scatter in their RV distribution.