bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental comparative study of the effect of fractional CO2 laser combined with pulsed dye laser versus each laser alone on the treatment of hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears
Authors: Chen Hong‐Yang , Lei Ying , OuYang Hua‐Wei , Gold Michael H. , Tan Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe use of fractional CO2 laser and pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy to treat and/or prevent scarring following burn injury is becoming more widespread with a number of studies reporting reduction in scar erythema and pruritus following treatment with lasers. The objective of this study was to directly compare the efficacy of PDL, fractional CO2, and PDL and fractional CO2 laser therapy in immature red hypertrophic scars in a standardized animal model.MethodsTen New Zealand big‐eared rabbits were used to make rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models. A total of 80 hypertrophic scar models were obtained and randomly divided into groups: control (Group A), Fractional CO2 laser (Group B), pulse dye laser (Group C), combined (Group D), 20 in each group. Wound sites were treated with PDL, Fractional CO2 laser, or both at 28 days post‐grafting. Grafts receiving no laser therapy served as controls. Hypertrophic scar appearance, morphology, size, and erythema were assessed, and punch biopsies were collected. At days 7 and 28, additional tissue was collected for biomechanical analyses and markers for HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical method to determine the CD31 content in the scar; Western blot to detect the expression of VEGF protein in scars. After the day 7 and 28, the scars were collected. Histomorphological change in scars was observed by hematoxylin‐eosin staining, Masson staining. The expression of CD31, VEGF protein, and the cell apoptosis rate was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results(i) In morphological observation, HE staining and Masson staining, both the number of fibroblasts and amount of collagen fibrils in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared with those in control group. (ii) Micro‐vessel Density (MVD) value can be found much smaller in the experimental groups than the control (p < 0.05). Among the four experimental groups, there was a significant difference among 14d, 21d, and 28d groups (p < 0.05). (iii) On days 7 and 28 after treatment, expression of VEGF could be regulated in experimental group (p < 0.05). Among the three experimental groups, the decrease of VEGF in the combined group was significantly stronger than that of the other two.ConclusionThe effect of Fractional CO2 laser combined with pulsed dye laser treatment was shown to be better than that of Fractional CO2 laser or pulsed dye laser alone and inhibits the early hypertrophic scar in rabbit ears.
Application and mechanism of probiotics in skin care: A review
Authors: Yu Jinyan , Ma Xumin , Wang Xiaoyu , Cui Xuetao , Ding Kai , Wang Shiyuan , Han Chunchao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin problems have been the focus of attention in recent years. Skin aging, wrinkles, pigmentation, dryness has been a problem that makes people feel troubled. Researchers have been devoted to find ways to solve these skin problems. Micro‐ecological skin care is a popular concept these days, and improving skin health through the use of probiotics is a hot topic of discussion.ObjectiveMany experimental studies have shown that probiotics have a good effect on improving skin problems. This paper aims to comprehensively review the application and mechanism of probiotics in skin care and provide theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care.MethodsLiteratures in this review were searched in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and Science Direct.ResultsProbiotics have potent effects on skin whitening, moisturizing, anti‐aging, anti‐wrinkle and removing body odor.ConclusionsThe effects of probiotics on skin whitening, skin moisturizing, anti‐aging, improving skin wrinkles and removing body odor were reviewed, which provided a new basis for the extensive application of probiotics in skin care.
Characteristics and risk factors of nasal mucosal pressure injury in intensive care units
Authors: Nan Ruiling , Su Yujie , Pei Juhong , Chen Haixia , He Li , Dou Xinman , Nan Shuling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the risk factors that contribute to medical device‐related (MDR) nasal mucosal membrane pressure injuries (MM PI) in ICU patients.BackgroundICU patients require substantial tube‐based life support such as oxygen tubes, tracheal intubation and indwelling gastric tubes. As a result, there is an increased risk of PI occurrence; however, few studies have assessed the risk factors associated with nasal mucosal MDR‐MMPI in ICU patients.DesignA cross‐sectional study design was performed.MethodsFrom January 2019 to June 2020, data from 912 patients treated in the ICU of a tertiary first‐class a hospital in China were collected. The occurrence of PI of the nasal mucosa was obtained by nasopharyngoscope when replacing the nasal catheter fixation patch every day. The study methods were followed by the STROBE guidelines.ResultsThe incidence of nasal mucosal MDR‐MM PI was 10.9%. The degree of nasal mucosal MM PI was mainly grade 1 (62cases, 62.6%), and no grade 4 were observed. The columella (58 cases, 58.6%) was the most common site of nasal mucosal MM PI followed by the anterior septum (18 cases, 18.2%). A high patient APACHE‐Ⅱ score, the disturbance of consciousness, a history of diabetes, days of gastric tube indwelling, hypoproteinemia, fever (T > 37.5℃) and the use of vasoconstrictors were identified as significant influencing factors of nasal MM PI in ICU patients (p < .05).ConclusionsA high APACHE‐Ⅱ score, disturbance of consciousness, history of diabetes, days of gastric tube indwelling, hypoproteinemia, fever (T > 37.5℃) and use of vasoconstrictive drugs were risk factors for nasal mucosal MDR‐MM PI in ICU patients. This study informs on the risk factors of nasal mucosal MM PI that will allow medical support staff to carry out key interventional measures to prevent nasal mucosal MM PI.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study illustrates the characteristics and risk factors of nasal mucosal pressure injury in intensive care units, potentially contributing to the prevention of the incidence of nasal mucosal MDR‐PI in ICU patients.
How do three components of professional commitment influence nurse‐reported patient‐centred care and care quality?
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Ling , Lee I‐Chen , Wong May‐Kuen , Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Ho Lun‐Hui , Lin Jia‐Yang , Liao Gen‐Yih , Teng Ching‐I 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo test how the three components of professional commitment (i.e. affective, continuance and normative professional commitment) are associated with nurse‐reported patient‐centred care and care quality.BackgroundPatient‐centred care and care quality are the two critical care outcomes. However, no study has yet examined how the three components of professional commitment are related to nurse‐reported patient‐centred care and care quality, showing a research gap.DesignThis study adopted a two‐wave design (first wave in 2017 and second wave in 2019), which is known to reduce the possibility of reverse causality, and which was conducted in a large hospital in Northern Taiwan.MethodsProportionate random sampling was used. Full‐time nurses were surveyed, while nursing students, interns, nurse practitioners and nursing supervisors were excluded. The first wave included 524 nurses, and 438 nurses were retained in the second wave. We used confirmatory factor analysis to verify the psychometric properties of the measures. Structural equation modelling was used to implement hypothesis testing. We used the Professional Commitment Scale of Meyer et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology, 1993, 78, 538), the Patient‐Centered Care Scale of Laird‐Fick et al. (Patient Education and Counseling, 2011, 84, 90) and the Care Quality Perceptions Scale of Teng et al. (Journal of Nursing Management, 2010, 18, 275). The STROBE statement was chosen as the EQUATOR checklist.ResultsAffective professional commitment was positively associated with nurse‐reported patient‐centred care (β = .18, p = .002 and .01), which was positively associated with nurse‐reported care quality (β = .85, p < .001). Affective and normative professional commitment were also positively associated with nurse‐reported care quality (β = .17, p < .001).ConclusionsOur findings offer insights for nursing managers that nurses’ affective and normative professional commitment could help upgrade care outcomes. Hospital managers should consider professional commitment as relevant to their workforce.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing managers could publicise reports documenting nurses’ significant contributions to public health. This could strengthen affective professional commitment among nurses.
Dynamic susceptibility contrast and diffusion‐weighted MRI in posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma
Authors: Kurokawa Ryo , Umemura Yoshie , Capizzano Aristides , Kurokawa Mariko , Baba Akira , Holmes Adam , Kim John , Ota Yoshiaki , Srinivasan Ashok , Moritani Toshio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe utility of perfusion MRI in distinguishing between pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) and medulloblastoma (MB) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between PA and MB.MethodsBetween January 2012 and August 2021, 49 (median, 7 years [range, 1‐28 years]; 28 females) and 35 (median, 8 years [1‐24 years]; 12 females) patients with pathologically confirmed PA and MB, respectively, were included. The normalized relative cerebral blood volume and flow (nrCBV and nrCBF) and mean and minimal normalized ADC (nADCmean and nADCmin) values were calculated using volume‐of‐interest analyses. Diagnostic performance and Pearson's correlation with progression‐free survival were also evaluated.ResultsThe MB group showed a significantly higher nrCBV and nrCBF (nrCBV: 1.69 [0.93‐4.23] vs. 0.95 [range, 0.37‐2.28], p = .0032; nrCBF: 1.62 [0.93‐3.16] vs. 1.07 [0.46‐2.26], p = .0084) and significantly lower nADCmean and nADCmin (nADCmean: 0.97 [0.70‐1.68] vs. 2.21 [1.44‐2.80], p < .001; nADCmin: 0.50 [0.19‐0.89] vs. 1.42 [0.89‐2.20], p < .001) than the PA group. All parameters exhibited good diagnostic ability (accuracy >0.80) with nADCmin achieving the highest score (accuracy = 1). A moderate correlation was found between nADCmean and progression‐free survival for MB (r = 0.44, p = .0084).ConclusionsDSC‐MRI parameters and ADC values were useful for distinguishing between PA and MB. A lower ADC indicated an unfavorable MB prognosis, but the DSC‐MRI parameters did not correlate with progression‐free survival in either group.
Increased prevalence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia during social distancing
Authors: Mokha Sonam , Heintz Chana , Agrawal Vikash , Reynolds Anne Marie , Berkelhamer Sara K 
Published: January 2022

AimSocial distancing guidelines implemented with the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted health‐care utilisation and disrupted critical social supports. Resurgence of highly transmissible strains has resulted in revisiting restrictions with potential impacts on newborn health. With concerns for inadequate post‐partum support, we sought to determine if social distancing correlated with increased rates of readmission for hyperbilirubinaemia.MethodsRetrospective chart review identified all readmissions for hyperbilirubinaemia between 1/18 and 4/20 in Western New York. Infant/maternal demographics and data on hospital course were collected on control (1/1/18–31/1/20) and social distancing (1/2/20‐30/4/20) cohorts. Nineteen outpatient clinics were surveyed regarding lactation support.ResultsMonthly readmissions for hyperbilirubinaemia nearly tripled during social distancing (0.90 ± 0.91 vs. 2.63 ± 2.29 per 1000 births during early COVID, P = 0.015). Comparable severity of disease at readmission was observed with no difference in the need for therapies (phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin or exchange transfusion) or length of hospital stay. Mothers were younger (25.8 ± 3.3 vs. 31.3 ± 4.7 years; P = 0.005) with higher rates of primiparity and exclusive breastfeeding than national norms, however not significantly higher than controls in our small cohort (62.5 vs. 37.0% for primiparity; 87.5 vs. 81.5% for breastfeeding). Of 19 clinics surveyed, only six confirmed a telemedicine option for lactation support.ConclusionsRates of readmission for hyperbilirubinaemia increased during social distancing. Younger maternal age with high rates of primiparity and exclusive breastfeeding raise concern for inadequate social and/or lactation support. Proactive identification of mothers at risk and expansion of remote lactation services may be indicated with recurrent waves of the pandemic.
What Aspects of Religiosity are Associated with Values?
Authors: Schwadel Philip , Hardy Sam A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA large body of research shows that religiosity in general is associated with values. Yet, we know little about the specific aspects of religiosity that drive this association. Using nationally representative data from a sample of young adults in the United States, we examined how various aspects of religiosity—religious tradition, service attendance, frequency of prayer, religious salience, belief in God, closeness to God, and number of religious friends—are associated with the 10 values comprising Schwartz's circle of values. Bivariate results indicate that most measures of religiosity are correlated with Schwartz's circle of values. Multivariate regression results, however, show that the relationship between religiosity and values is largely due to the positive associations between closeness to God and social focus values, the positive associations between number of religious friends and social focus values, and the negative associations between religious service attendance and personal focus values. We conclude by discussing why these aspects of religiosity appear to be most relevant to Schwartz's circle of values and by suggesting directions for future research on religiosity and values.
Artificial size selection experiment reveals telomere length dynamics and fitness consequences in a wild passerine
Authors: Pepke Michael Le , Kvalnes Thomas , Rønning Bernt , Jensen Henrik , Boner Winnie , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Monaghan Pat , Ringsby Thor Harald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTelomere dynamics could underlie life‐history trade‐offs among growth, size and longevity, but our ability to quantify such processes in natural, unmanipulated populations is limited. We investigated how 4 years of artificial selection for either larger or smaller tarsus length, a proxy for body size, affected early‐life telomere length (TL) and several components of fitness in two insular populations of wild house sparrows over a study period of 11 years. The artificial selection was expected to shift the populations away from their optimal body size and increase the phenotypic variance in body size. Artificial selection for larger individuals caused TL to decrease, but there was little evidence that TL increased when selecting for smaller individuals. There was a negative correlation between nestling TL and tarsus length under both selection regimes. Males had longer telomeres than females and there was a negative effect of harsh weather on TL. We then investigated whether changes in TL might underpin fitness effects due to the deviation from the optimal body size. Mortality analyses indicated disruptive selection on TL because both short and long early‐life telomeres tended to be associated with the lowest mortality rates. In addition, there was a tendency for a negative association between TL and annual reproductive success, but only in the population where body size was increased experimentally. Our results suggest that natural selection for optimal body size in the wild may be associated with changes in TL during growth, which is known to be linked to longevity in some bird species.
Genomes shed light on the evolution of Begonia, a mega‐diverse genus
Authors: Li Lingfei , Chen Xiaoli , Fang Dongming , Dong Shanshan , Guo Xing , Li Na , Campos‐Dominguez Lucia , Wang Wenguang , Liu Yang , Lang Xiaoan , Peng Yang , Tian Daike , Thomas Daniel C. , Mu Weixue , Liu Min , Wu Chenyu , Yang Ting , Zhang Suzhou , Yang Leilei , Yang Jianfen , Liu Zhong‐Jian , Zhang Liangsheng , Zhang Xingtan , Chen Fei , Jiao Yuannian , Guo Yalong , Hughes Mark , Wang Wei , Liu Xiaofei , Zhong Chunmei , Li Airong , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Yang Huanming , Wu Ernest , Sharbrough Joel , Lisby Michael , Liu Xin , Xu Xun , Soltis Douglas E. , Van de Peer Yves , Kidner Catherine , Zhang Shouzhou , Liu Huan 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Clarifying the evolutionary processes underlying species diversification and adaptation is a key focus of evolutionary biology. Begonia (Begoniaceae) is one of the most species‐rich angiosperm genera with c. 2000 species, most of which are shade‐adapted.

Here, we present chromosome‐scale genome assemblies for four species of Begonia (B. loranthoides, B. masoniana, B. darthvaderiana and B. peltatifolia), and whole genome shotgun data for an additional 74 Begonia representatives to investigate lineage evolution and shade adaptation of the genus.

The four genome assemblies range in size from 331.75 Mb (B. peltatifolia) to 799.83 Mb (B. masoniana), and harbor 22 059–23 444 protein‐coding genes. Synteny analysis revealed a lineage‐specific whole‐genome duplication (WGD) that occurred just before the diversification of Begonia. Functional enrichment of gene families retained after WGD highlights the significance of modified carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis possibly linked to shade adaptation in the genus, which is further supported by expansions of gene families involved in light perception and harvesting. Phylogenomic reconstructions and genomics studies indicate that genomic introgression has also played a role in the evolution of Begonia.

Overall, this study provides valuable genomic resources for Begonia and suggests potential drivers underlying the diversity and adaptive evolution of this mega‐diverse clade.
Electronic cigarette use enriches periodontal pathogens
Authors: Xu Fangxi , Pushalkar Smruti , Lin Ziyan , Thomas Scott C. , Persaud Julia Kishanie , Sierra Maria A , Vardhan Mridula , Vasconcelos Rebeca , Akapo Adenike , Guo Yuqi , Gordon Terry , Corby Patricia M , Kamer Angela R. , Li Xin , Saxena Deepak 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe effect of electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) smoking, especially its long‐term impact on oral health, is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a longitudinal clinical study with two study visits, 6 months apart, to investigate the effect of e‐cigarette use on the bacterial community structure in the saliva of 101 periodontitis patients. Our data demonstrated that e‐cigarette use altered the oral microbiome in periodontitis patients, enriching members of the Filifactor, Treponema, and Fusobacterium taxa. For patients at the same periodontal disease stage, cigarette smokers and e‐cigarette smokers shared more similarities in their oral bacterial composition. E‐cigarette smoking may have a similar potential as cigarette smoking at altering the bacterial composition of saliva over time, leading to an increase in the relative abundance of periodontal disease‐associated pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The correlation analysis showed that certain genera, such as Dialister, Selenomonas, and Leptotrichia in the e‐cigarette smoking group, were positively correlated with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. E‐cigarette use was also associated with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, which contribute to oral microbiome dysbiosis and advanced disease state.
Intra‐carina reentrant atrial tachycardia after pulmonary vein isolation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nakamura Kohki , Sasaki Takehito , Sasaki Wataru , Haraguchi Yumiko , Kimura Koki , Naito Shigeto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 77‐year‐old man underwent catheter ablation of an atrial tachycardia (AT) after a pulmonary vein (PV) isolation of atrial fibrillation. The AT appeared to be a figure‐of‐eight reentrant AT by high‐resolution mapping: one reentrant circuit rotated clockwise within the right PV (RPV) carina and the other rotated counterclockwise via two conduction gaps along the previous RPV isolation line. However, entrainment pacing from the carina and conduction gaps suggested that the AT was an intra‐carina localized reentrant AT with a passive loop around the anterior RPV isolation line via those gaps. A radiofrequency application at the RPV carina terminated the AT.
Trade liberalization and firm toxic emissions
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Ma Guangyuan , Qin Ni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the effects of trade liberalization on firm‐level toxic emissions. Using China's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession as an exogenous shock, we further introduce government administrative data of firm toxic emissions to conduct a difference‐in‐differences estimation. We show that trade liberalization significantly reduces firm toxic emissions. Our results are robust to alternative measures and different specifications. Endogeneity tests based on different empirical designs or omitted variables further validate our main findings. China's WTO accession primarily affected pollution emissions through the scale of production, export opportunities, technology upgrading, intermediate inputs, and within‐firm responses mechanisms.
Transition to adult dental care from a pediatric hospital dental home for patients with special health care needs
Authors: Mikkelson Audrey , Sheller Barbara , Williams Bryan J. , Churchill Shervin S. , Friedman Clive 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThis study describes patients with complex Special Health Care Needs (SHCN) transitioning from a pediatric hospital clinic dental home to adult care and evaluates effectiveness of transition practices.Methods and resultsDemographics, medical/behavioral complexity, and documentation of transition processes were collected for patients graduated from the service in 2018/2019. An invitation to complete a survey assessing transition was sent to patients/guardians ≥ 14 months after the final visit. Seventy‐nine patients graduated and 94% required accommodation for SHCN: 47% medical, 42% medical + behavioral, and 5% behavioral only. Of 63 eligible patients/guardians, 29 completed surveys. While 90% of surveyed patients had established some/all adult medical care, only 41% completed a dental visit, and less than 28% established a dental home. Medical/behavioral complexity, payer, and time since graduation did not impact having a visit.ConclusionsThis study found ineffectiveness of departmental protocol for transition to adult dental homes for patients with SHCN. Developing an optimal transition process is complex and will require collaboration of all stakeholders. Introducing transition in early teen years, tracking progress at subsequent visits, assessing patient readiness, summarizing history for receiving providers, and verifying transition are elements of medical transition programs that should be included in dental transitions.