bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the physical and social environment on youth cognitive performance
Authors: Meredith Wesley J. , Cardenas‐Iniguez Carlos , Berman Marc G. , Rosenberg Monica D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndividual differences in children's cognitive abilities impact life and health outcomes. What factors influence these individual differences during development? Here, we test whether children's environments predict cognitive performance, independent of well‐characterized socioeconomic effects. We analyzed data from 9002 9‐ to 10‐year olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, an ongoing longitudinal study with community samples across the United States. Using youth‐ and caregiver‐report questionnaires and national database registries (e.g., neighborhood crime, walkability), we defined principal components summarizing children's home, school, neighborhood, and cultural environments. In two independent samples (ns = 3475, 5527), environmental components explained unique variance in children's general cognitive ability, executive functioning, and learning/memory abilities. Furthermore, increased neighborhood enrichment was associated with an attenuated relationship between sociodemographics and general cognitive abilities. Thus, the environment accounts for unique variance in cognitive performance in children and should be considered alongside sociodemographic factors to better understand brain functioning and behavior across development.
Evaluation of RapidSTAT®, DrugWipe® 6S, DrugScreen® 5TK and DrugScreen® 7TR for on‐site drug testing in German police roadside traffic patrol
Authors: Liut Jennifer , Bott Ulrich , Madea Burkhard , Krämer Michael , Maas Alexandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDriving under the influence of drugs (DUID) remains a subject of concern worldwide, and its increasing trend is likely to continue. Therefore, there is a constant need for reliable on‐site drug tests to identify drugged drivers during roadside patrols. Performance and reliability of four on‐site drug tests were evaluated among a high number of DUID cases in Germany. Results of oral fluid (OF) (RapidSTAT® and DrugWipe® 6S) and urine (DrugScreen® 5TK and 7TR) test devices were compared with corresponding serum/plasma results obtained by confirmation analyses in consideration of recommended analytical limits for substances pertaining the annex of the German Road Traffic Code (‘Straßenverkehrsgesetz’, StVG) s. 24a (2). Overall, the screening devices performed well for individual drugs; however, none of the test devices assessed in this study fulfilled the ROSITA‐1 criteria (sensitivity, specificity ≥ 90% and accuracy ≥ 95%) for all substances. Our data demonstrated that both urine tests showed high sensitivities for most compounds. DrugWipe® 6S (94%) and RapidSTAT® (93%) revealed high sensitivities, especially for amphetamine screening. Poor specificities (<90%) and accuracies (<95%) were observed for all tests except for low‐prevalent substances (e.g., opiates). For drug testing in OF, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) still seems to be a compound of concern due to poor sensitivity (RapidSTAT®, 77%; DrugWipe® 6S, 85%), although the results indicate improvements compared with previously reported data. Although the obtained data indicate reliable detection for some substances, deployment of trained police officers is inevitable to identify DUID suspects by signs of recent use and recognising impairment.
Assessing the quality of offshoreBinomialsampling biosecurity inspections using onshore inspections
Authors: Trouvé Raphaël , Arthur Anthony D. , Robinson Andrew P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction of pests and diseases through trade is one of the main socio‐ecological challenges worldwide. Although Binomial sampling inspection at the border can reduce pest entry risk, it is common for consignments to fail inspection, wasting resources for both exporter and importer. Outsourcing the inspection to the exporting country could reduce the cost of inspection for both parties. However, there is then a need to assess the quality of the offshore inspection. In this paper, we develop an inverse method combining past inspection data on the pathway, an onshore inspection sample, and the Beta‐Binomial model to infer the sample size of the offshore inspection. We illustrate the method on two case studies: the importation of live plants through germplasm into Australia and the importation of pelleted seeds in New Zealand. In these case studies, we found that detecting four to five infested units in a single onshore inspection was typically sufficient to significantly doubt the presence of a compliant offshore inspection. We also ran a simulation experiment to quantify the statistical power to reject or accept the presence of compliant offshore inspection in practice: In highly infested pathways, we could detect the absence of offshore inspections after inspecting five consignments onshore. Less infested pathways required inspecting 20 to 60 consignments onshore. Our study demonstrates that Binomial sampling onshore can be used to assess the quality of offshore inspections.
Body mass and sex, but not breeding condition and season, influence open‐field exploration in the yellow‐necked mouse
Authors: Bednarz Paula A. , Zwolak Rafał 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTheory predicts that risk taking should be influenced by external (e.g., season) and internal (e.g., breeding condition, sex, and body mass) conditions. We investigated whether these factors are associated with a potentially risky behavior: exploration of a novel environment. We conducted repeated open‐field tests of exploration in a common forest rodent, the yellow‐necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis. Contrary to expectations, the exploration did not vary with the season (spring vs. fall) or the reproductive status of the tested animals. Also unexpectedly, there was an inverted U‐shaped relationship between body mass and exploration: animals with intermediate body mass tended to have the highest exploration tendencies. Males were more exploratory than females. Finally, even after adjusting for the effects of body mass and sex, individuals exhibited consistent, repeatable differences in exploration tendencies (“behavioral types” or “personalities”). The discrepancies between certain broad generalizations and our results suggest that risk taking depends on details of species‐specific biology.
High ward occupancy, bedspacing, and 60 day mortality for patients with myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure
Authors: Asheim Andreas , Nilsen Sara Marie , Aam Stina , Anthun Kjartan Sarheim , Carlsen Fredrik , Janszky Imre , Vatten Lars Johan , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsTo study the consequences of crowded wards among patients with cardiovascular disease.Methods and resultsThis is a cohort study among 201 801 patients with 258 807 admissions who were acutely admitted for myocardial infarction (N = 107 895), stroke (N = 87 336), or heart failure (N = 63 576) to any Norwegian hospital between 2008 and 2016. The ward admitting most patients with the given clinical condition was considered a patient's home ward. We compared patients with the same condition admitted when home ward occupancy was different, at the same hospital and during comparable time periods. Occupancy was standardized such that a one‐unit difference corresponded to the interquartile range in occupancy in the given month. One interquartile increase in home ward occupancy was associated with 7% higher odds of admission to an alternate ward [odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 1.11], and length of stay was shorter (−0.10 days, 95% CI −0.18 to −0.09). Patients with heart failure had 15% higher odds of admission to alternate wards (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.23) and increased mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.15]. We found no apparent effect on mortality for patients with myocardial infarction (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.05) or stroke (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.05).ConclusionsPatients with heart failure had higher risk of admission to alternate wards when home ward occupancy was high. These patients may be negatively affected by full wards.
Voltammetric Determination of Copper by Biosorption‐based Mesorhizobium Opportonistum Modified Microbial Biosensor
Authors: Alasağ Özlem , Alpat Şenol , Alpat Sibel Kılınç 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, Cu (II) was determined with a carbon paste electrode modified with Mesorhizobium opportonistum bacteria species used for the first time in the production of a microbial biosensor (MOMB). Cu (II) ions were first accumulated on an electrode surface via open circuit, then electrochemical determination was conducted with cyclic and differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry techniques. Experimental conditions such as pH, scan rate etc. were optimized. The MOMB exhibited linearity in the range of 5.0×10−8 M to 2.0×10−6 M for Cu (II) (correlation coefficients: 0.9914) with detection limit (LOD) of 2.0×10−8 M, a limit of quantification (LOQ) 6.64×10−8 M and a detection sensitivity (10.34 μA/μM), for Cu (II). The electrode‐to electrode reproducibility of the MOMB was found to be 2.41 % (n=6) coefficient of variation. The MOMB has advantages for Cu (II) determination, including good sensitivity and reproducibility, easy preparation, low cost, applicability to sample and not having a need for additional chemical processes.
Efficient performance of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized with pomegranate leaf extract for neutral red dye adsorption
Authors: Vidovix Taynara Basso , Januário Eduarda Freitas Diogo , Araújo Micael Furioso , Bergamasco Rosângela , Vieira Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe adsorption of dyes in water and wastewater using metallic nanoparticles stands out due to its high removal capacity and low environmental impact. The present study proposed the use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO_NP), synthesized with pomegranate leaves extract (Punica granatum) to remove the neutral red (NR) dye from the aqueous medium. The characterization confirmed the efficiency of the redox process and the formation of nanoparticles. The adsorption results were promising, wherein the maximum adsorption capacity was 283 mg/g (298 K), with 0.4 g/L of adsorbent concentration, equilibrium time at 120 min, and removal rate of 96%. The pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir models had a better fit concerning the kinetic and isothermal data, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters revealed an exothermic, spontaneous, and reversible process. The mechanisms that described the adsorptive process were hydrogen bonds, π‐interactions, and electrostatic attraction. CuO_NP showed good regeneration performance up to four reuse cycles (98–52 mg/g). In addition, not pronounced changes were verified in its adsorption capacity with dissociated ions (90–102 mg/g, in relation to the adsorption with no salts 104 mg/g). This secures the material versatility and cost‐effectiveness, justifying its high potential for industrial application to remove NR from water and wastewater.
Application of barley flour processed by different methods as an alternative to fat in emulsion‐type sausage
Authors: Zhu Ying , Huang Shiting , Jia Donghao , Zhao Yansheng , Zhang Jiayan , Bai Juan , Xiao Xiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of three types of barley flour, whole barley flour (BF), electromagnetic stir‐frying whole barley flour, and extruded whole barley powder (EBF), and their potential application in emulsion type sausage were evaluated in this study. The water solubility index, water absorption index, and pasting properties of barley flour treated by different processing technologies were significantly different. The EBF has the highest water solubility index (12.67%) and water absorption index (503.20%), and with the minimum peak viscosity (2593.67 cp) and pasting temperature (50.20°C). The water‐holding capacity and cooking loss of emulsified sausage improved significantly after adding the barley flour processed by different methods, especially the 9%BF substitution, the pressure water loss rate and cooking loss rate were reduced to 5.32% and 14.52%, respectively. The emulsified sausage added with BF indicated better color quality and texture properties comparable with the control. Scanning electron microscopy also showed that the addition of three kinds of barley flour in sausage formation led to a difference in the microstructure of the sausages. This study suggested that barley flour improved the physicochemical and textural properties of the emulsified sausage.
An implicit p‐adaptive discontinuous Galerkin solver for CAA/CFD simulations
Authors: Colombo Alessandro , Crivellini Andrea , Ghidoni Antonio , Nigro Alessandra , Noventa Gianmaria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the last decades flow simulations have become a routine practice in many industrial fields for the aerodynamic and noise prediction. Moreover, the ever increasing interest in simulating off‐design operating conditions promoted the development of high‐fidelity simulation tools to overcome the modeling and accuracy limits of standard industrial codes in predicting turbulent separated flows. The discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is well suited for this class of simulations, but today DG‐based CFD and CAA (Computational AeroAcoustics) solvers cannot yet reach the computational efficiency of well‐established commercial codes. As a consequence, the present paper aims at exploiting some attractive strategies, such as the adaptation of the elemental polynomial degree (‐adaptation) and of the degree of exactness of quadrature rules, to enhance the computational efficiency of an implicit DG platform for CFD and CAA simulations. Moreover, a sponge layer non‐reflecting boundary treatment has been also implemented for CAA. The predicting capabilities of the method have been assessed on classical CAA and CFD test cases. The proposed adaptive strategy guarantees a significant reduction () of the computational effort for both CFD and CAA simulations, compared to uniform‐order discretizations, while not spoiling the high accuracy requested to an high‐fidelity simulation tool.
Heat and mass transfer in MHD stagnation‐point flow toward an inclined stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium
Authors: Biswal Manasa M. , Swain Bharat K. , Das Manjula , Dash Gouranga Charan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study elucidates the magnetohydrodynamics boundary layer free convective stagnation‐point flow toward an inclined nonlinearly stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. The recent search explores the consequence of permeability of the medium, thermal as well as mass buoyancy, most importantly obliqueness, and thermal slip at the bounding surface. The solutions of the essential equations are achieved with MATLAB'S inbuilt solver bvp4c. The novelty of the present study is to account for the effect of dissipative heat, nonuniform space‐dependent volumetric heat power, and a linear first‐order chemical reaction of diffusive species and convective flow phenomena on an inclined plate subjected to thermal slip and space‐dependent transverse magnetic field acting at a distance. The important findings are laid down as follows: The oblique‐surface reduces the effect of body forces, low permeability of the medium causes instability in the flow due to sudden fall in velocity, Biot number contributes to the Newtonian cooling of the surface, these may be of use in a design requirement of the heat exchanger.
Time‐varying neural network for stock return prediction
Authors: Wong Steven Y. K. , Chan Jennifer S. K. , Azizi Lamiae , Xu Richard Y. D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of neural network training in a time‐varying context. Machine learning algorithms have excelled in problems that do not change over time. However, problems encountered in financial markets are often time varying. We propose the online early stopping algorithm and show that a neural network trained using this algorithm can track a function changing with unknown dynamics. We compare the proposed algorithm to current approaches on predicting monthly US stock returns and show its superiority. We also show that prominent factors (such as the size and momentum effects) and industry indicators exhibit time‐varying predictive power on stock returns. We find that during market distress, industry indicators experience an increase in importance at the expense of firm level features. This indicates that industries play a role in explaining stock returns during periods of heightened risk.
The GRN concept as a guide for evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: Feigin Charles , Li Sha , Moreno Jorge , Mallarino Ricardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganismal phenotypes result largely from inherited developmental programs, usually executed during embryonic and juvenile life stages. These programs are not blank slates onto which natural selection can draw arbitrary forms. Rather, the mechanisms of development play an integral role in shaping phenotypic diversity and help determine the evolutionary trajectories of species. Modern evolutionary biology must, therefore, account for these mechanisms in both theory and in practice. The gene regulatory network (GRN) concept represents a potent tool for achieving this goal whose utility has grown in tandem with advances in “omic” technologies and experimental techniques. However, while the GRN concept is widely utilized, it is often less clear what practical implications it has for conducting research in evolutionary developmental biology. In this Perspective, we attempt to provide clarity by discussing how experiments and projects can be designed in light of the GRN concept. We first map familiar biological notions onto the more abstract components of GRN models. We then review how diverse functional genomic approaches can be directed toward the goal of constructing such models and discuss current methods for functionally testing evolutionary hypotheses that arise from them. Finally, we show how the major steps of GRN model construction and experimental validation suggest generalizable workflows that can serve as a scaffold for project design. Taken together, the practical implications that we draw from the GRN concept provide a set of guideposts for studies aiming at unraveling the molecular basis of phenotypic diversity.
An induced subgraph of the Hamming graph with maximum degree 1
Authors: Tandya Vincent 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor every graph , let denote its independence number. What is the minimum of the maximum degree of an induced subgraph of with vertices? We study this question for the ‐dimensional Hamming graph over an alphabet of size . In this paper, we give a construction to prove that the answer is 1 for all and with . This is an improvement over an earlier work showing that the answer is at most .
Hospital's observed specific standard practice: A novel measure of variation in care for common inpatient pediatric conditions
Authors: Bakel Leigh Anne , Richardson Troy , De Souza Heidi Gruhler , Kaiser Sunitha V. , Mahant Sanjay , Treasure Jennifer D. , Waynik Ilana Y. , Winer Jeffrey C. , Bajaj Lalit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreviously few means existed to broadly examine variability across conditions/practices within or between hospitals for common pediatric conditions.ObjectiveOur objective was to develop a novel empiric measure of variation in care and test its association with patient‐centered outcomes.DesignsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2018 using the Pediatric Hospital Information Systems database.Settings and ParticipantsWe included children ages 0–18 years hospitalized with asthma, bronchiolitis, or gastroenteritis.InterventionWe developed a hospital‐specific measure of variation in care, the hospital's observed specific standard practice (HOSSP), the most common combination of laboratory studies, imaging, and medications used at each hospital.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe outcomes were standardized costs, length of stay (LOS), and 7‐day all‐cause readmissions.ResultsAmong 133,392 hospitalizations from 41 hospitals (asthma = 50,382, bronchiolitis = 54,745, and gastroenteritis = 28,265), there was significant variation in overall HOSSP adherence across hospitals for these conditions (asthma: 3.5%–47.4% [p < .001], bronchiolitis: 2.5%–19.8% [p < .001], gastroenteritis: 1.6%–11.6% [p < .001]). The majority of HOSSP variation was driven by differences in medication prescribing for asthma and bronchiolitis and laboratory ordering for gastroenteritis. For all three conditions, greater HOSSP adherence was associated with significantly lower hospital costs (asthma: p = .04, bronchiolitis: p < .001, acute gastroenteritis: p = .01), without increases in LOS or 7‐day all cause readmissions.ConclusionWe found substantial variation in the components and adherence to HOSSP. Hospitals with greater HOSSP adherence had lower costs for these conditions. This suggests hospitals can use data around laboratory, imaging, and medication prescribing practices to drive standardization of care, reduce unnecessary testing and treatment, determine best practices, and reduce costs.
Is returning a product worth my time? The impact of time cues on consumer product returns
Authors: Lee Shinhyoung , Yi Youjae 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConsidering that returning a purchased product involves time costs to consumers, we posit that making a time cue salient will influence their likelihood of returning a product. Four studies reveal that consumers primed with time cues are less willing to return a product. Specifically, presenting time cues can reduce product returns by amplifying consumers' perception of time pressure and alleviating their psychological discomfort. Furthermore, private self‐awareness is found to moderate the time‐cue effect through perceived discomfort. The results are replicated even when time pressure and psychological discomfort are directly manipulated, supporting the causal account. This study contributes to the literature on consumer product returns by proposing the time‐cue effect and its psychological mechanisms and helps retailers manage product returns using various time cues.
Advances in the Stimuli‐Responsive Injectable Hydrogel for Controlled Release of Drugs
Authors: Mo Chunxiang , Luo Rui , Chen Yuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe stimuli‐responsiveness of injectable hydrogel has been drastically developed for the controlled release of drugs and has achieved encouraging curative effects in a variety of diseases including wounds, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. The gelation, swelling, and degradation of such hydrogels respond to endogenous biochemical factors (such as pH, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, enzymes, glucose) and/or to exogenous physical stimulations (like light, magnetism, electricity, and ultrasound), thereby accurately releasing loaded drugs in response to specifically pathological status and as desired for treatment plan, and thus improving therapeutic efficacy effectively. This paper gives a detailed introduction of recent progresses in responsive injectable hydrogels and focuses on the design strategy of various stimuli‐sensitivities and their resultant alteration of gel dissociation and drug liberation behavior. Their application in disease treatment is also discussed.