bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the association between socio-demographic factors, catheter use and antibiotic prescribing in Northern Ireland primary care: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis
Authors: Nugent C. , Verlander N. Q. , Varma S. , Bradley D. T. , Patterson L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics is among the key drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antibiotic use in Northern Ireland (NI) is the highest in the UK and approximately 80% is prescribed in primary care. Little information however exists about the patient and prescriber factors driving this. We described the trend in NI primary care total antibiotic prescribing 2010–2019 and conducted a cross-sectional study using a random sample of individuals registered with an NI GP on 1st January 2019. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine how sociodemographic factors and urinary catheter use was associated with the likelihood of being prescribed an antibiotic during 2019, adjusting for clustering at GP practice and GP federation levels. Finite mixture modelling (FMM) was conducted to determine the association between the aforementioned risk factors and quantity of antibiotic prescribed (defined daily doses). The association between age and antibiotic prescription differed by gender. Compared to males 41–50 years, adjusted odds of prescription were higher for males aged 0–10, 11–20 and 51 + years, and females of any age. Catheter use was strongly associated with antibiotic prescription (aOR = 6.82, 95% CI 2.50–18.64). Socioeconomic deprivation and urban/rural settlement were not associated in the multilevel logistic analysis. GP practices and federations accounted for 1.24% and 0.12% of the variation in antibiotic prescribing respectively. FMM showed associations between larger quantities of antibiotics and being older, male and having a catheter. This work described the profile of individuals most likely to receive an antibiotic prescription in NI primary care and identified GP practice as a source of variation; suggesting an opportunity for reduction from effective interventions targeted at both individuals and general practices.
Forecasting the monthly incidence of scarlet fever in Chongqing, China using the SARIMA model
Authors: Wu W. W. , Li Q. , Tian D. C. , Zhao H. , Xia Y. , Xiong Y. , Su K. , Tang W. G. , Chen X. , Wang J. , Qi L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The incidence of scarlet fever has increased dramatically in recent years in Chongqing, China, but there has no effective method to forecast it. This study aimed to develop a forecasting model of the incidence of scarlet fever using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model. Monthly scarlet fever data between 2011 and 2019 in Chongqing, China were retrieved from the Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System. From 2011 to 2019, a total of 5073 scarlet fever cases were reported in Chongqing, the male-to-female ratio was 1.44:1, children aged 3–9 years old accounted for 81.86% of the cases, while 42.70 and 42.58% of the reported cases were students and kindergarten children, respectively. The data from 2011 to 2018 were used to fit a SARIMA model and data in 2019 were used to validate the model. The normalised Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean squared error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of the fitted model. The optimal SARIMA model was identified as (3, 1, 3) (3, 1, 0)12. The RMSE and mean absolute per cent error (MAPE) were used to assess the accuracy of the model. The RMSE and MAPE of the predicted values were 19.40 and 0.25 respectively, indicating that the predicted values matched the observed values reasonably well. Taken together, the SARIMA model could be employed to forecast scarlet fever incidence trend, providing support for scarlet fever control and prevention.
The Chinese Antarctic science programme: origins and development
Authors: Zhang Mengzhu , Haward Marcus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 1980, at the invitation of Australia, the first Chinese scientists went to Antarctica. China was therefore a relative ‘latecomer’ to engage in Antarctic science. In the period since its first Antarctic expedition in 1984, China's presence in Antarctica has expanded both in terms of its logistics and infrastructure and its scientific research. This paper outlines the development of China's national Antarctic programmes under the influence of corresponding national policies from the late 1970s to the present, noting the application of various scientific disciplines to Antarctic fields. The paper outlines and analyses the broadening and deepening of China's Antarctic science research, infrastructure and engagement.
Role of DNA repair pathways in the recovery of a dried, radioresistant cyanobacterium exposed to high-LET radiation: implications for the habitability of Mars
Authors: Mosca Claudia , Napoli Alessandro , Fagliarone Claudia , Fujimori Akira , Moeller Ralf , Billi Daniela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIf life ever appeared on Mars and if it did refuge into sub-superficial environments when surface conditions turned too hostile, then it should have been periodically revived from the frozen, dormant state in order to repair the accumulated damage and reset the survival clock to zero for the next dormant phase. Thus, unravelling how long Earth dormant microorganisms can cope with high-LET radiation mimicking long-term irradiation is fundamental to get insights into the long-term resilience of a dormant microbial life in the Martian subsurface over geological timescales that might have taken advantage of periodically clement conditions that allowed the repair of the accumulated DNA damage. The exposure of dried cells of the radioresistant cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 029 to 2 kGy of heavy-ion radiation (Fe ions) did not significantly reduce its survival, although DNA damage was accumulated. Upon rehydration, DNA lesions were repaired as suggested by the over-expression of genes involved in the repair of double strand breaks (DSBs), oxidized bases and apurinic-apyrimidinic sites. Indeed, the monitoring of repair genes upon rehydration suggested a key role of the RecF homologous recombination in repairing DSBs. While the fact that out of the eight genes of the BER system, only one was up-regulated, suggested the absence of DNA lesions generally induced by UV radiation. In conclusion, the non-significantly reduced survival of dried Chroococcidiopsis exposed to 2 kGy of Fe-ion radiation further expanded our appreciation of the resilience of a putative dormant life in the Martian subsurface. Moreover, it is also relevant when searching life on Europa and Enceladus where the radiation environment might critically affect the long-term survival of dormant, frozen life forms.
Bienvenida China: The Role of International Economic Law in China's Economic Relations with Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: GARCIA Gabriel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe first two decades of the twenty-first century saw the rapid rise of China in the global stage. During this period, China acquired valuable knowledge and expertise in International Economic Law (IEL), and expanded its trade and investments across the globe. The emergence of China has benefitted many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in terms of trade and investment; however, it is unclear whether IEL has contributed with the expansion of China's economic relations with LAC. This article aims to address this question by reviewing the strategies and mechanisms employed by China to promote trade, investment and development finance in the region. Its central argument is that China has opted to engage with LAC using an eclectic platform that combines hard law instruments and institutions as well as other soft law mechanisms.
Interhemispheric Asymmetries in Ionospheric Electron Density Responses During Geomagnetic Storms: A Study Using Space‐Based and Ground‐Based GNSS and AMPERE Observations
Authors: Swarnalingam N. , Wu D. L. , Gopalswamy N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe utilize Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements and electron density (Ne) retrieval profiles from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers onboard multiple Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites to characterize large‐scale ionosphere‐thermosphere system responses during geomagnetic storms. We also analyze TEC measurements from GNSS receivers in a worldwide ground‐based network. Measurements from four storms during June and July 2012 (boreal summer months), December 2015 (austral summer month), and March 2015 (equinoctial month) are analyzed to study global ionospheric responses and the interhemispheric asymmetry of these responses. We find that the space‐based and ground‐based TECs and their responses are consistent in all four geomagnetic storms. The global 3D view from GNSS‐Radio Occultation (RO) Ne observations captures enhancements and the uplifting of Ne structures at high latitudes during the initial and main phases. Subsequently, Ne depletion occurs at high latitudes and starts progressing into midlatitude and low latitude as the storm reaches its recovery phase. A clear time lag is evident in the storm‐induced Ne perturbations at high latitudes between the summer and winter hemispheres. The interhemispheric asymmetry in TEC and Ne appears to be consistent with the magnitudes of the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) high latitude integrated field‐aligned currents (FACs), which are 3–4 MA higher in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere during these storms. The ionospheric TEC and Ne responses combined with the AMPERE‐observed FACs indicate that summer preconditioning in the ionosphere‐thermosphere system plays a key role in the interhemispheric asymmetric storm responses.
Influence of Fluid Distribution on Seismic Dispersion and Attenuation in Partially Saturated Limestone
Authors: Sun Chao , Fortin Jérôme , Borgomano Jan V. M. , Wang Shangxu , Tang Genyang , Bultreys Tom , Cnudde Veerle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuantitatively assessing attenuation and dispersion of elastic‐wave velocities in partially saturated reservoir is difficult because of its sensitivity to fluid distribution. We conducted experiments on homogeneous Indiana limestone samples, partially saturated by two methods: drying and imbibition which lead to different fluid distribution for a given saturation. Forced oscillations (from 0.004 to 100 Hz) and ultrasonic (1 MHz) measurements were done under confining pressure to measure the change of elastic moduli with frequency and their attenuation. Our measurements show that compressional (P‐)velocities are strongly sensitive to the sample’s saturation method. For high saturations (above 80%), obtained by drainage, compressional velocities are frequency dependent, and clear peaks of attenuation can be observed. However, at the same saturations obtained by imbibition, no dispersion or attenuation is observed. In addition, shear velocities show little variation with frequency, saturations, and fluid distribution. The dispersion and attenuation of P‐velocities are shown to be influenced by the pore fluid distribution, which was investigated using micro‐computer‐assisted tomographic (CT) scans. Furthermore, a numerical model developed within the framework of poroelasticity’s theory predicts well the experimental results, using the fluid distribution obtained from CT as an input. Our results show that the velocity dispersion was related to wave‐induced fluid flow at mesoscopic scale controlled by the geometry and distribution of the gas patches.
Closed Fluxtubes and Dispersive Proton Conics at Jupiter's Polar Cap
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Clark G. , Livadiotis G. , McComas D. J. , Mitchell D. G. , Rankin J. S. , Sulaiman A. H. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Ebert R. W. , Gladstone G. R. , Kurth W. S. , Mauk B. H. , Valek P. W. , Wilson R. J. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo distinct proton populations are observed over Jupiter's southern polar cap: a ∼1 keV core population and ∼1–300 keV dispersive conic population at 6–7 RJ planetocentric distance. We find the 1 keV core protons are likely the seed population for the higher‐energy dispersive conics, which are accelerated from a distance of ∼3–5 RJ. Transient wave‐particle heating in a “pressure‐cooker” process is likely responsible for this proton acceleration. The plasma characteristics and composition during this period show Jupiter's polar‐most field lines can be topologically closed, with conjugate magnetic footpoints connected to both hemispheres. Finally, these observations demonstrate energetic protons can be accelerated into Jupiter's magnetotail via wave‐particle coupling.
EMIC Waves Observed Throughout the Inner Magnetosphere Driven by Abrupt Enhancement of the Solar Wind Pressure
Authors: Xue Zuxiang , Yuan Zhigang , Yu Xiongdong , Deng Dan , Huang Zheng , Raita T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves were simultaneously observed in the day‐ and night‐side region driven by a sudden enhancement of the solar wind pressure on 12 July 2013, which was registered by both ground stations and space satellites. The amplitude enhancements of EMIC waves are well correlated to the intensification of the ambient magnetic field caused by the enhanced solar wind pressure pulse. Due to the northward interplanetary magnetic field, the magnetic field intensification is found to appear globally in the inner magnetosphere, which is predicted by field model outputs and evidenced by satellite observations. As a result, the observed nightside protons become more anisotropic, which further promotes proton instabilities and amplifies pre‐existing EMIC waves. Our findings provide direct observational evidence that enhanced solar wind pressure pulse can directly drive the ring current ion dynamics and EMIC wave evolutions throughout the inner magnetosphere.
The Use of Invalid Polar Cap South (PCS) Indices in Publications
Authors: Stauning Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolar Cap (PC) indices, PCN North based on magnetic observations from Qaanaaq (THL) in Greenland and PCS South based on magnetic data from Vostok in Antarctica, are very useful indices for studies of solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions and for space weather monitoring and forecasts. PCN indices are issued from the Danish Space Research Institute (DTU Space) while PCS indices are issued from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) in St Petersburg. Unfortunately, series of invalid PCS values have been provided from AARI and used in a number of publications issued since the PC index concept was endorsed by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) in 2013. In spite of the disclosure of the failure in the PCS indices in 2018, publishing at the IAGA‐supported International Service of Geomagnetic Indices of the invalid indices has continued up to now (2022). The present contribution defines the invalidating features of the PCS indices in question, conveys examples, and discusses the applications in peer‐reviewed publications.
Prognostic significance of spatial and density analysis of T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Elomaa Hanna , Ahtiainen Maarit , Väyrynen Sara A. , Ogino Shuji , Nowak Jonathan A. , Friman Marjukka , Helminen Olli , Wirta Erkki-Ville , Seppälä Toni T. , Böhm Jan , Mäkinen Markus J. , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Kuopio Teijo , Väyrynen Juha P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough high T cell density is a strong favourable prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, the significance of the spatial distribution of T cells is incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation and T cell densities.MethodsWe analysed CD3 and CD8 immunohistochemistry in a study cohort of 983 colorectal cancer patients and a validation cohort (N = 246). Individual immune and tumour cells were identified to calculate T cell densities (to derive T cell density score) and G-cross function values, estimating the likelihood of tumour cells being co-located with T cells within 20 µm radius (to derive T cell proximity score).ResultsHigh T cell proximity score associated with longer cancer-specific survival in both the study cohort [adjusted HR for high (vs. low) 0.33, 95% CI 0.20–0.52,Ptrend < 0.0001] and the validation cohort [adjusted HR for high (vs. low) 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.45,Ptrend < 0.0001] and its prognostic value was independent of T cell density score.ConclusionsThe spatial point pattern analysis of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation could provide detailed information on colorectal cancer prognosis, supporting the value of spatial measurement of T cell infiltrates as a novel, robust tumour-immune biomarker.
Selective ferroptosis vulnerability due to familial Alzheimer’s disease presenilin mutations
Authors: Greenough Mark A. , Lane Darius J. R. , Balez Rachelle , Anastacio Helena Targa Dias , Zeng Zhiwen , Ganio Katherine , McDevitt Christopher A. , Acevedo Karla , Belaidi Abdel Ali , Koistinaho Jari , Ooi Lezanne , Ayton Scott , Bush Ashley I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMutations in presenilin 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) cause autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Ferroptosis has been implicated as a mechanism of neurodegeneration in AD since neocortical iron burden predicts Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. We found that loss of the presenilins dramatically sensitizes multiple cell types to ferroptosis, but not apoptosis. FAD causal mutations of presenilins similarly sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. The presenilins promote the expression of GPX4, the selenoprotein checkpoint enzyme that blocks ferroptosis by quenching the membrane propagation of lethal hydroperoxyl radicals. Presenilin γ-secretase activity cleaves Notch-1 to signal LRP8 expression, which then controls GPX4 expression by regulating the supply of selenium into the cell since LRP8 is the uptake receptor for selenoprotein P. Selenium uptake is thus disrupted by presenilin FAD mutations, suppressing GPX4 expression. Therefore, presenilin mutations may promote neurodegeneration by derepressing ferroptosis, which has implications for disease-modifying therapeutics.
Activation of FXR and inhibition of EZH2 synergistically inhibit colorectal cancer through cooperatively accelerating FXR nuclear location and upregulating CDX2 expression
Authors: Yu Junhui , Yang Kui , Zheng Jianbao , Zhao Pengwei , Xia Jie , Sun Xuejun , Zhao Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOur previous study indicated that colon cancer cells varied in sensitivity to pharmacological farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation. Herein, we explore the regulatory mechanism of FXR in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and aim to design effective strategies of combined treatment based on the regulatory axis. We found that the expression of FXR was negatively correlated with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in colon cancer tissues. EZH2 transcriptionally suppressed FXR via H3K27me3. The combination of FXR agonist OCA plus EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 acted in a synergistic manner across four colon cancer cells, efficiently inhibiting clonogenic growth and invasion in vitro, retarding tumor growth in vivo, preventing the G0/G1 to S phase transition, and inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Benign control cells FHC were growth-arrested without apoptosis induction, but retained long-term proliferation and invasion capacity. Mechanistically, the drug combination dramatically accelerated FXR nuclear location and cooperatively upregulated caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) expression. The depletion of CDX2 antagonized the synergistic effects of the drug combination on tumor inhibition. In conclusion, our study demonstrated histone modification-mediated FXR silencing by EZH2 in colorectal tumorigenesis, which offers useful evidence for the clinical use of FXR agonists combined with EZH2 inhibitors in combating CRC.
VDAC1 regulates neuronal cell loss after retinal trauma injury by a mitochondria-independent pathway
Authors: de Sousa Erica , Móvio Marília Inês , de Lima-Vasconcellos Théo Henrique , dos Santos Gabrieli Bovi , dos Santos Gomes Talita , Walter Lais Takata , da Silva Daniela Almeida , Rodrigues Tiago , Cerchiaro Giselle , Kihara Alexandre Hiroaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) was first described as a mitochondrial porin that mediates the flux of metabolites and ions, thereby integrating both cell survival and death signals. In the nervous system, the functional roles of VDAC1 remain poorly understood. Herein, the rat retina was employed to study VDAC1. First, it was observed that even subtle changes in VDAC1 levels affect neuronal survival, inducing severe alterations in the retinal morphology. We next examined the regulation of VDAC1 after traumatic retinal injury. After mechanical trauma, SOD1 translocates towards the nucleus, which is insufficient to contain the consequences of oxidative stress, as determined by the evaluation of protein carbonylation. Using in vitro models of oxidative stress and mechanical injury in primary retinal cell cultures, it was possible to determine that inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization by 4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) rescues cell viability, impacting microglial cell activation. We next focused on the regulation of VDAC1 after retinal mechanical injury. VDAC1 was promptly upregulated 2 h after lesion in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum rather than in the mitochondria, and multimers of VDAC1 were assembled after lesion. DIDS intraocular application decreased apoptosis and prevented microglial polarization, which confirmed in vitro observations. Considering the role of microglia in neuroinflammation, multiplex evaluation of cytokines showed that DIDS application disorganized the inflammatory response 2 h after the lesion, matching the fast regulation of VDAC1. Taken together, data disclosed that fine regulation of VDAC1 influences neuronal survival, and pharmacological inhibition after trauma injury has neuroprotective effects. This protection may be attributed to the effects on VDAC1 abnormal accumulation in the plasma membrane, thereby controlling the activation of microglial cells. We concluded that VDAC1 is a putative therapeutic target in neuronal disorders since it integrates both death and survival cellular signaling.
Long noncoding RNA ZFP36L2-AS functions as a metabolic modulator to regulate muscle development
Authors: Cai Bolin , Ma Manting , Zhang Jing , Kong Shaofen , Zhou Zhen , Li Zhenhui , Abdalla Bahareldin Ali , Xu Haiping , Zhang Xiquan , Lawal Raman Akinyanju , Nie Qinghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ in the body, and its metabolic flexibility is essential for maintaining systemic energy homeostasis. Metabolic inflexibility in muscles is a dominant cause of various metabolic disorders, impeding muscle development. In our previous study, we found lncRNAZFP36L2-AS(for “ZFP36L2-antisense transcript”) is specifically enriched in skeletal muscle. Here, we report thatZFP36L2-ASis upregulated during myogenic differentiation, and highly expressed in breast and leg muscle. In vitro,ZFP36L2-ASinhibits myoblast proliferation but promotes myoblast differentiation. In vivo,ZFP36L2-ASfacilitates intramuscular fat deposition, as well as activates fast-twitch muscle phenotype and induces muscle atrophy. Mechanistically,ZFP36L2-ASinteracts with acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) to induce ACACA dephosphorylation and damaged PC protein stability, thus modulating muscle metabolism. Meanwhile,ZFP36L2-AScan activate ACACA to reduce acetyl-CoA content, which enhances the inhibition of PC activity. Our findings present a novel model about the regulation of lncRNA on muscle metabolism.