bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of green tea in the diet of broilers challenged with coccidiosis on their performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal mucosal morphology, blood constituents and ceca microflora
Authors: Jelveh Keyvan , Rasouli Behrouz , Kadim Isam T. , Slozhenkina Marina Ivanovna , Gorlov Ivan Fedorovich , Seidavi Alireza , Phillips Clive J. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoccidiosis is an endemic protozoal disease of chickens normally controlled by ionophores. However, coccidiostats are also antibiotics, and evidence of resistance in both coccidia and bacteria may develop and reduce antibacterial activity in humans. This has led to a search for natural coccidiostats, such as green tea.ObjectivesTo study the effects of supplementing broilers with various levels and types of green tea, in comparison to use of a conventional coccidiostat or a control, unsupplemented diet.MethodsA total of 360 male, day‐old Ross 308 broilers (days 1–42) were used to evaluate the gut morphology and performance when challenged with coccidiosis and fed varying dietary levels of green tea powder or extract. Treatments were Negative control (NC, unsupplemented control diet); positive control (PC, control diet + commercial coccidiostat); control diets with 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 g/kg green tea extract (GTE 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4); and control diets with 1, 2 or 3 g/kg green tea powder (GTP 1, 2 and 3).ResultsCompared with NC, PC and all green tea treatments, but particularly GTE0.4, increased feed intake and growth rate, with the best feed conversion ratio at GTE0.4. As a proportion of carcase weight, higher inclusion rates increased intestine weight and decreased abdominal fat. The duodenum, jejunum and ileum of birds fed green tea, and particularly GTE0.4, had longer, wider villi, and shallower crypts. Epithelium thickness was reduced by green tea and PC, compared to NC. Clostridium perfringens and coliform populations decreased in proportion to green tea inclusion rate and decreased in PC. Lactobacilli increased with green tea and were more for NC than PC. Green tea at the highest concentrations reduced blood glucose and LDL and VLDL cholesterol.ConclusionsGreen tea offers a possible replacement for conventional ionophores to control coccidiosis in broiler chickens. The best inclusion rate was 0.4 g/kg.
Introducing Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change
Authors: Nursey-Bray Melissa , Palmer Robert , Chischilly Ann Marie , Rist Phil , Yin Lun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis introduction sets the context for why climate change is a major issue for Indigenous peoples today. The key terms commonly used in the climate change and adaptation policy arena are identified and the fact there is a difference between Western and Indigenous constructions of them is highlighted. We argue this clash between ontological and epistemological understandings of climate change has had the effect of under-estimating or making less visible Indigenous agency and responses to climate change. We then introduce the central argument for this book, which is that climate adaptation for Indigenous peoples is not a new concept, nor is it only grounded in climate change contexts. Instead, climate adaptation for Indigenous peoples embodies all the old ways of seeing and doing but deployed in contemporary ways.
Ethnic Minorities, Traditional Livelihoods and Climate Change in China
Authors: Nursey-Bray Melissa , Palmer Robert , Chischilly Ann Marie , Rist Phil , Yin Lun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change affects Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) around the world, including ethnic minorities in China who experience impacts on their agricultural, animal husbandry, hunting and gathering practices: their main source of livelihood. At the same time, IPLCs have rich traditional knowledge related to climate and its disasters. This chapter presents an exploration of the role of traditional knowledge for livelihood maintenance and climate adaptation for ethnic minorities in China. Ethnic minorities not only observe and perceive climate change but are also actively adapting to the impact of climate change on their traditional livelihoods, via the deployment of their knowledge. This chapter explores how traditional knowledge can improve understanding of the influence of climate change to livelihoods and provide ideas for the development of equitable and effective plans to adapt to climate change. Using their traditional knowledge, ethnic minorities in China have been building contemporary community-based plans that are suitable for each individual geographical location.
Business Ethics Education and the Socratic Insight
Authors: Goodpaster Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter shifts from “an adequate normative account of applied ethics” to the moral formation of the next generation of business leaders. In other words, this chapter concentrates on the critical role played by pedagogy in the field of business ethics. I begin by sharing my experience as a professional philosopher being mentored into a radically new kind of teaching: the case method. One of the principal motivations behind the use of this method is described in an eloquent article entitled: because wisdom can’t be told. I learned that the art of questioning was central to the case method, especially to teaching ethics by the case method. Re-enter Socrates, who was the master of the art of questioning. And enter too a fourth insight in my business ethics career. I call it the Socratic insight because it springs from the instructor’s realization of his or her calling to participate in the moral formation of those with whom he or she is in dialogue. It is the manifestation in the classroom of Royce’s moral insight: the realization of the other (student, employee, executive) as one whose moral awareness can be elicited through respectful dialogue. I complete this chapter by providing a guide to the viewpoints through which case method questions may be shaped: the “four avenues” for ethical analysis: interests, rights, duties, and virtues. Finally, I compare the pedagogy of business schools with that of executive education, noting that executive interactions based on the case method are principally designed to elicit from the participants’ experience the threats to personal and organizational conscience. This chapter is an organic part of a larger work about the overall contribution of Kenneth Goodpaster to the field of applied ethics and is best read in the context of that larger work.
The Developing World’s Fertility Transition: 2000–2020
Authors: Bongaarts John , Hodgson Dennis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince 2000 the countries of the developing world no longer possess a common fertility level or fertility trend. To accurately represent the state of the contemporary developing world’s fertility transitions 97 developing countries are divided into three groups depending on the level of their fertility: high, middle, and low. The demographic, health and socio-economic characteristics of the three groups are analyzed. The relationships between fertility decline and development are highlighted for each group. Since the high fertility population is largely concentrated in West, Middle, and East Africa, the characteristics of various geographic areas are also examined. The specific challenges facing each fertility group are identified and discussed.
RG flow between W3 minimal models by perturbation and domain wall approaches
Authors: Poghosyan Hasmik , Poghossian Rubik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We explore the RG flow between neighboring minimal CFT models with W3 symmetry. After computing several classes of OPE structure constants we were able to find the matrices of anomalous dimensions for three classes of RG invariant sets of local fields. Each set from the first class consists of a single primary field, the second one of three primaries, while sets in the third class contain six primary and four secondary fields. We diagonalize their matrices of anomalous dimensions and establish the explicit maps between UV and IR fields (mixing coefficients).While investigating the three point functions of secondary fields we have encountered an interesting phenomenon, namely violation of holomorphic anti-holomorphic factorization property, something that does not happen in ordinary minimal models with Virasoro symmetry solely.Furthermore, the perturbation under consideration preserves a non-trivial subgroup of W transformations. We have derived the corresponding conserved current explicitly. We used this current to define a notion of anomalous W-weights in perturbed theory: the analog for matrix of anomalous dimensions. For RG invariant sets with primary fields only we have derived a formula for this quantity in therms of structure constants. This allowed us to compute anomalous W -weights for the first and second classes explicitly.The same RG flow we investigate also with the domain wall approach for the second RG invariant class and find complete agreement with the perturbative approach.
Recovery of pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance 6 and 12 months postpartum in primiparous women—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bø Kari , Næss Karoline , Stær-Jensen Jette , Siafarikas Franziska , Ellström Engh Marie , Hilde Gunvor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
To date there has been scant knowledge on the natural recovery of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) after childbirth. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether PFM variables at 6 and 12 months postpartum had returned to mid-pregnancy levels and assess risk factors for reduced recovery at 12 months postpartum.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study following 235 nulliparous pregnant women from mid-pregnancy to 12 months postpartum. Vaginal resting pressure (VRP), PFM strength and endurance were assessed by manometry at 22 weeks, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Multiple linear regression was used to address factors influencing PFM variables beyond birth mode.

Results
Cesarean section was protective for change in PFM variables. From mid-pregnancy to 12 months postpartum there was a 20% reduction in VRP (p<0.001) and a 7.5 % reduction in PFM strength (p=0.007), and an increase of 9% in PFM endurance (p=0.002) in the normal vaginal birth. The instrumental vaginal group had a decline in VRP of 21% (p<0.001) and PFM strength of 15% (p=0.011), but no significant change in PFM endurance. Higher BMI at 12 months postpartum, longer second stage of labor, and major tears of the levator ani muscle had a negative influence on the PFM recovery beyond delivery mode.

Conclusions
At 12 months postpartum following vaginal delivery, the PFMs are not fully recovered compared with mid-pregnancy values. More follow-up physical therapy may be warranted in the postpartum period, especially for women with complicated vaginal births and higher BMI.
Kinetics and antimicrobial activity of gallic acid by novel bacterial co-culture system using Taguchi’s method and submerged fermentation
Authors: Selvaraj Subbalaxmi , Amaral Julia Moraes , Murty Vytla Ramachandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA tannase-positive Bacillus gottheilii M2S2 and Bacillus cereus M1GT were co-cultivated for the production of gallic acid using tannic acid as the sole carbon source through submerged fermentation. Taguchi orthogonal array of design of experimental methodology was used to estimate the influence and significance of tannic acid concentration, glucose concentration, agitation speed, and inoculum size on the gallic acid production in a shake flask. Among all the factors, agitation speed contributed the highest for gallic acid production (28.28%), followed by glucose concentration (21.59%), inoculum size (19.6%), tannic acid concentration (19.54%), and pH (11.09%). Validation experiments were executed at the found optimized conditions which resulted in a 6.36-fold increase in gallic acid yield compared to unoptimized conditions. Further, the kinetics of growth, tannic acid degradation, and gallic acid yield were evaluated at the optimized conditions. The kinetic parameters Y x/s, Y p/s, and Y p/x were determined as 0.292 mg of cells/mg of tannic acid, 22.2 µg of gallic acid/mg of tannic acid, and 70.76 µg of gallic acid/mg of cells with a growth rate of 0.273 h −1 after 24 h of fermentation. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the product gallic acid was investigated against food-borne pathogenic E. coli, S. aureus, and Serriatia marcescens and showed a zone of inhibition of 2 cm, 1.6 cm, and 1.3 cm, respectively, using the agar disc diffusion technique. Thus, the cost-effective bioproduct gallic acid proved to be potentially effective to control food poisoning diseases and preserve foodstuff.
Quantifying effects on tree growth rates of symmetric and asymmetric inter-tree competition in even-aged, monoculture Eucalyptus pilularis forests
Authors: West P. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Key message
In even-aged, monoculture eucalypt forest, symmetric inter-tree competition was far more important in determining tree growth rates than asymmetric competition. Tree size principally determined competitive ability at any time.

Abstract
In even-aged, monoculture forests, individual tree growth rates are much affected by the amount of the resources required for growth (particularly light, water and nutrients) that are available to them from the site on which they are growing. In turn, those amounts are much affected by competition for them between neighbouring trees. Competition may be ‘symmetric’, when tree growth rates are directly proportional to tree sizes, or ‘asymmetric’ when growth rates vary disproportionately with tree sizes. Using a large data set from blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis Smith) forests of sub-tropical eastern Australia, methods were devised to quantify the effects of symmetric and asymmetric competition; they were determined as the change each causes in individual tree growth rates over growth periods of a few years. It was found that symmetric competition was by far the principal determinant of tree growth rates. Asymmetric competition had much lesser effects, but was sufficient to alter substantially the development with age of the frequency distribution of tree sizes. It is concluded that the size of a tree at any time is the principal determinant of both its metabolic capabilities for growth and its competitive status and, hence, its growth rate.
COVID-19 Testing in a Weekly Cohort Study of Gay and Bisexual Men: The Impact of Health-Seeking Behaviors and Social Connection
Authors: Hammoud Mohamed A. , Wells Nathanael , Holt Martin , Bavinton Benjamin , Jin Fengyi , Maher Lisa , Philpot Steven , Haire Bridget , Degenhardt Louisa , Bourne Adam , Saxton Peter , Keen Phillip , Storer Daniel , Prestage Garrett 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) have developed community norms for regular HIV/STI testing. We investigated factors associated with self-reported COVID-19 testing in response to reported COVID-19 cases and public health restrictions. Participants responded to weekly cohort surveys between 10th May 2021 and 27th September 2021. We used the Andersen-Gill extensions to the Cox proportional hazards model for multivariable survival data to predict factors influencing COVID-19 testing. Mean age of the 942 study participants was 45.6 years (SD: 13.9). In multivariable analysis, GBM were more likely to report testing during periods of high COVID-19 caseload in their state of residence; if they were younger; university educated; close contact of someone with COVID-19; or reported coping with COVID-19 poorly. COVID-19 testing was higher among men who: were more socially engaged with other GBM; had a higher proportion of friends willing to vaccinate against COVID-19; and were willing to contact sexual partners for contact tracing. Social connection with other gay men was associated with COVID-19 testing, similar to what has been observed throughout the HIV epidemic, making community networks a potential focus for the promotion of COVID-19 safe practices.
Shame, Love, and Morality
Authors: Westerlund Fredrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article offers a new account of the moral substance of shame. Through careful reflection on the motives and intentional structure of shame, I defend the claim that shame is an egocentric and morally blind emotion. I argue that shame is rooted in our desire for social affirmation and constituted by our ability to sense how we appear to others. What makes shame egocentric is that in shame we are essentially concerned about our own social worth and pained by the perception of our self as socially worthless. In itself, shame entails no morally pertinent concern about others or understanding of what is morally significant. I contrast shame with the possibility of relating to others—and to oneself—with love and care. Indeed, I propose that love is essential for moral understanding and motivation. The argument of the article unfolds through critical appraisals of the main strategies for defending the moral value of shame. First, against the claim that shame entails respect for others, I argue that shame's sensitivity to the opinions of others is motivated by egocentric self-concern. Second, against the view that shame over failures to live up to moral values is morally valuable, I argue that regardless of whether the values guiding our shame are moral or not, the perspective of shame is oblivious to their moral meaning. Third, against the claim that shame is crucial for self-understanding, I argue that the desire for affirmation that drives shame is a powerful source of self-deception.
Cytotoxicity of combinations of the pan-KRAS SOS1 inhibitor BAY-293 against pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Plangger Adelina , Rath Barbara , Stickler Sandra , Hochmair Maximilian , Lang Clemens , Weigl Lukas , Funovics Martin , Hamilton Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKRAS is mutated in approximately 25% of cancer patients and first KRAS G12C-specific inhibitors showed promising responses. Pancreatic cancer has the highest frequency of KRAS mutations but the prevailing KRAS G12D mutation is difficult to target. Inhibition of the GTP exchange factor (GEF) SOS1—KRAS interaction impairs oncogenic signaling independently of the specific KRAS mutations. In general, cell lines exhibiting KRAS mutations show specific alterations in respect to glucose utilization, signal transduction and stress survival. The aim of this investigation was to check the putative synergy of the SOS1 inhibitor BAY-293 with modulators targeting specific vulnerabilities of KRAS-mutated cell lines in vitro. The cytotoxicity of BAY-293 combinations was tested against MIA PaCa-2 (G12C), AsPC1 (G12D) and BxPC3 (KRAS wildtype) cell lines using MTT tests and calculation of the combination indices (CI) according to the Chou-Talalay method. The results show that BAY-293 synergizes with modulators of glucose utilization, inhibitors of the downstream MAPK pathway and several chemotherapeutics in dependence of the specific KRAS status of the cell lines. In particular, divergent responses for BAY-293 combinations between pancreatic and NSCLC cell lines were observed for linsitinib, superior inhibitory effects of trametinib and PD98059 in NSCLC, and lack of activity with doxorubicin in case of the pancreatic cell lines. Phosphoproteome analysis revealed inhibition of distinct signaling pathways by BAY-293 for MIA PaCa-2 on the one hand and for Aspc1 and BH1362 on the other hand. In conclusion, BAY-293 exhibits synergy with drugs in dependence of the tumor type and specific KRAS mutation.
‘Pressure creates diamonds’/‘fire refines gold’: Conceptualizing coping capital
Authors: Kapoor Vikram , Belk Russell 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile many consumer behavior studies have investigated consumer coping, few have considered it as a source of positive benefits in addition to being a matter of necessity. In this paper, we draw on Bourdieu’s notion of capital to introduce the concept of coping capital—the intentional or unintentional accumulation of resources, such as emotional and epistemic-competencies and skills resulting from coping with adversity, thatmaythereafter exist in an embodied state in the form of mental and physical dispositions—dispositions that later provide benefits in life. We suggest that the benefits of coping capital may be determined using either a prospective or a retrospective approach. These benefits may be anticipated or unanticipated when intentionally coping with adversity, while the benefits are predominantly unanticipated when unintentionally coping. By conceptualizing coping capital, our study makes a domain-level conceptual contribution to research on consumer coping. In addition the concept of coping capital may have broader implications outside of the domain of consumption.
Mining and taxation in Sweden
Authors: Tarras-Wahlberg Håkan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Swedish taxation regime for mining has been criticised for being overly advantageous for mining companies, and for not adequately safeguarding the interests of the state and/or other rights- and stakeholders. The critique has been expressed in the media and in political discourse, whereas more thorough assessments are lacking. This paper addresses this shortcoming, and it uses financial modelling and international comparisons. The Swedish taxation regime for mining is not substantially different from that of other sectors of the economy, and it has also been unchanged for a long time. It includes no royalty nor any fiscal instrument to capture windfall profits, and it is based on statues rather than bespoke contracts. In terms of incomes to the state from mining performed by private companies, the most substantial ones are the corporate income tax (CIT) and the dividend withholding tax. In terms of ensuring local benefits, there is no specific instrument in place for mining. The overall taxation system is such that municipalities charge substantial pay roll taxes, and the taxes derived in this way are of the same order of magnitude as taxes normally derived by the central state through the CIT. This principle of ensuring local benefits may however be under threat, as mining becomes increasingly mechanised—with fewer employees—and with an increasing prevalence of so-called fly in-fly out personnel. The findings confirm that the Swedish tax regime is comparatively generous towards mining companies. Furthermore, the lack of a royalty means that the state foregoes opportunities to earn incomes in times of poor mining profitability, and the lack of a windfall tax similarly gives an uneven distribution of benefits when commodity prices are high. This, in turn, suggests that there is a need for reform. Moreover, the current system includes a so-called mineral fee, which mainly functions to compensate landowners, but a smaller part also falls to the central state. The funds collected by the state in this way are insignificant, and as this component of the mineral fee is both poorly understood and contentious, it is recommended that it be discontinued. It is recommended that in general, economic tools that specifically model the outcomes of taxation regimes for mining be supplemented with general analyses of the whole taxation regime in question, to provide a better basis for analysis, and associated policy advice.