bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haste makes waste: shorter time for nest-site assessment leads to higher nest predation in a cavity nester
Authors: Sonerud Geir A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA fundamental problem for any animal is how to weigh the benefits of making a rapid decision against the costs of making a poor decision, because time for detecting and evaluating all options is often restricted. For nest-site selection in birds, an important cost of a speedy decision would be nest predation, which is a major factor lowering reproductive success. I tested whether shorter time available for assessment of nest sites would lead to a decision with higher probability of nest predation. Where boreal owls (Aegolius funereus) had nested successfully in a box in the previous season, I manipulated nest box availability by offering a dyad of nest boxes. One box (kept or exchanged) was in the original nest tree and one box (new or taken from the original tree) was in a new tree for the season, each box containing either “post-nesting residue” from the successful nesting or new wood shavings. Hence, the owls could assess the risk of nest predation at a familiar site relative to that at a new site. The timing of nest box installation and relocation was such that time for assessment varied among localities, from the whole non-breeding season to just a few days prior to laying in spring. Owls that had had longer time in which to make their assessment and selection were less likely to have their nest predated by pine martens (Martes martes). Boreal owls are non-migratory and probably gained information on the relative safety of the two options by a Bayesian-like updating process in the days, weeks or months before the decision had to be made. A migratory cavity-nester exposed to the same landscape of nest predation would be more time-constrained and forced to rely on the win-stay loose-shift tactic, which underperforms relative to Bayesian-like updating.
Compositionality in Primate Gestural Communication and Multicomponent Signal Displays
Authors: Amici Federica , Oña Linda , Liebal Katja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompositionality is the ability to combine meaningful elements into new combinations with novel meanings, and it has long been considered one of the main hallmarks of human communication. However, very few studies have addressed the compositional aspects of communication in species other than humans, although a comparative approach is essential to understand the evolutionary origins of human compositionality. We review previous research on compositionality in the gestural communication systems of nonhuman primates, with a special focus on the multicomponent aspects of compositionality. We start by discussing the importance of a comparative approach to study the evolution of human language and then compare the current state of the art on compositionality in the vocal, facial, and gestural communication systems of primates and other species. We further discuss alternative approaches to study compositionality in primates, which may help overcome some of the current methodological limitations in this research area. In particular, we 1) highlight the importance of interdisciplinary tools that facilitate the statistical identification of multicomponent and multimodal combinations of signals, 2) discuss different approaches to infer the meaning of signal combinations, with a special focus on the use of contextual cues and meta-communication, and 3) discuss temporal and intentional aspects of compositionality in primates. Finally, we outline possible lines of research for future studies in this area (e.g., more consistent use of terms across research areas, use of different methodological tools and larger datasets, inclusion of developmental approaches), which might shed light into the evolutionary origins of one of the most crucial properties of human communication.
Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques
Authors: Haines Michael P. , Rielli Vitor V. , Primig Sophie , Haghdadi Nima 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal additive manufacturing (AM) has unlocked unique opportunities for making complex Ni-based superalloy parts with reduced material waste, development costs, and production lead times. Considering the available AM methods, powder bed fusion (PBF) processes, using either laser or electron beams as high energy sources, have the potential to print complex geometries with a high level of microstructural control. PBF is highly suited for the development of next generation components for the defense, aerospace, and automotive industries. A better understanding of the as-built microstructure evolution during PBF of Ni-based superalloys is important to both industry and academia because of its impacts on mechanical, corrosion, and other technological properties, and, because it determines post-processing heat treatment requirements. The primary focus of this review is to outline the individual phase formations and morphologies in Ni-based superalloys, and their correlation to PBF printing parameters. Given the hierarchal nature of the microstructures formed during PBF, detailed descriptions of the evolution of each microstructural constituent are required to enable microstructure control. Ni-based superalloys microstructures commonly include γ, γ′, γ′′, $$\delta$$
δ
, TCP, carbides, nitrides, oxides, and borides, dependent on their composition. A thorough characterization of these phases remains challenging due to the multi-scale microstructural hierarchy alongside with experimental challenges related to imaging secondary phases that are often nanoscale and (semi)-coherent. Hence, a detailed discussion of advanced characterization techniques is the second focus of this review, to enable a more complete understanding of the microstructural evolution in Ni-based superalloys printed using PBF. This is with an expressed goal of directing the research community toward the tools necessary for a thorough investigation of the processing-microstructure-property relationships in PBF Ni-based superalloy parts to enable microstructural engineering.
Finite Element Methods for Large-Strain Poroelasticity/Chemotaxis Models Simulating the Formation of Myocardial Oedema
Authors: Barnafi N. A. , Gómez-Vargas B. , Lourenço W. J. , Reis R. F. , Rocha B. M. , Lobosco M. , Ruiz-Baier R. , dos Santos R. Weber 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose a novel coupled poroelasticity-diffusion model for the formation of extracellular oedema and infectious myocarditis valid in large deformations, manifested as an interaction between interstitial flow and the immune-driven dynamics between leukocytes and pathogens. The governing partial differential equations are formulated in terms of skeleton displacement, fluid pressure, Lagrangian porosity, and the concentrations of pathogens and leukocytes. A five-field finite element scheme is proposed for the numerical approximation of the problem, and we provide the stability analysis for a simplified system emanating from linearisation. We also discuss the construction of an adequate, Schur complement based, nested preconditioner. The produced computational tests exemplify the properties of the new model and of the finite element schemes.
Use of sedimentary algal pigment analyses to infer past lake-water total phosphorus concentrations
Authors: Belle Simon , Delcamp Elise , Nilsson L. Jenny , Freiberg Rene , Appleby G. Peter , Piliposian T. Gayane , Tõnno Ilmar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe tested the feasibility of using sedimentary algal pigment analyses by spectral deconvolution to infer past lake-water total phosphorus concentrations. We established equations that link lake-water nutrient concentrations and sediment pigment concentrations, using a combination of calibration in both space and time, with a training set of 31 Swedish lakes. The calibration dataset yielded a significant positive relationship between total carotenoid concentrations and lake-water total phosphorus concentrations. We also compared sediment-pigment-based nutrient inferences with time series of water column monitoring data to evaluate whether temporal changes in total phosphorus concentrations are well captured by analysis of sedimentary pigments. We found that changes in pigment preservation through time can alter the relationship between concentrations of lake-water nutrients and sedimentary pigments, thus limiting the reliability of historical ecological conditions inferred from pigments in the sediment. Our data suggested that ratios of Chlorophyll derivatives to total carotenoids (CD/TC ratio) and Chlorophyll a to Chlorophyll derivatives (CPI) can be used as proxies for pigment preservation. Using our approach, inferred temporal changes in water-column total phosphorus concentrations in lakes are promising, but require further development, specifically with respect to the influence of pigment degradation in both the water column and sediments, as well as the factors that control such degradation.
The Behavior of the Three-Dimensional Askin–Teller Model at the Mixed Phase Region by a New Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Wojtkowiak Zbigniew , Musiał Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe new approach of performing Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which eliminates large oscillations of the values of the thermodynamic quantities computed for a mixed phase region, is demonstrated. The results are presented on the example of the mixed phase region in the 3D Askin–Teller (AT) model, where within a certain range of parameters with equal probabilities there appear two different, but equivalent, ways of ordering two of the three order parameters showing independent behavior. This new approach allowed us to exploit magnetization and internal energy curves, Binder cumulant, Challa- and the Lee-Kosterlitz-like cumulants as well as the internal energy distribution histogram. According to the most effective strategy, in the critical region, we use our recently proposed cluster MC algorithm and the Metropolis algorithm beyond it wherever it is applicable. The existence of two tricritical points and the bifurcation point in this area of the phase diagram is confirmed, and their locations are determined. It is explained that although the system as a whole does not show the presence of latent heat at the boundary of the mixed phase region and the antiferromagnetic phase, it does occur for various order parameters. Specifically, the increase in the energy of the degrees of freedom of one kind is accompanied by an equal decrease in the energy of the degrees of freedom of the other kind.
Key Informants’ Perspectives on Childhood Obesity in Vietnam: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nguyen Tuyen , Trat Tiffany , Tieu Ngoc Thanh , Vu Linda , Sokal-Gutierrez Karen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Vietnam’s post-war globalization, economic development, and urbanization have contributed to a nutrition transition from traditional diets to highly-processed diets, and increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. Our study aims to explore the attitudes and behaviors driving this epidemic.

Methods
This qualitative study focused on the perspectives and practices of Vietnamese parents, schoolteachers and doctors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 12 regarding the historical, social, and cultural influences contributing to childhood overweight and obesity. Audio-recorded interviews were translated and transcribed, then analyzed using modified ground theory to identify themes and representative quotes.

Results
Five themes were identified: (1) Change in diet between generations, (2) Preference for rounder children, (3) Unhealthy feeding practices, (4) Reduced physical activity, and (5) Increasing awareness of childhood obesity. A conceptual map detailed the shift from war-time to post-war economic environment and psycho-social context for raising children to be large, safe and academically-successful.

Conclusions for Practice
We found that globalization, urbanization and economic development—in the context of historical, social and cultural attitudes—may contribute to increasing child obesity in Vietnam. Obesity prevention through public health and educational institutions should involve policies and programs for healthy eating and exercise, tailored to address parental figures’ concerns.
Vec4Cred: a model for health misinformation detection in web pages
Authors: Upadhyay Rishabh , Pasi Gabriella , Viviani Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch aimed at finding solutions to the problem of the diffusion of distinct forms of non-genuine information online across multiple domains has attracted growing interest in recent years, from opinion spam to fake news detection. Currently, partly due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak and the subsequent proliferation of unfounded claims and highly biased content, attention has focused on developing solutions that can automatically assess the genuineness of health information. Most of these approaches, applied both to Web pages and social media content, rely primarily on the use of handcrafted features in conjunction with Machine Learning. In this article, instead, we propose a health misinformation detection model that exploits as features the embedded representations of some structural and content characteristics of Web pages, which are obtained using an embedding model pre-trained on medical data. Such features are employed within a deep learning classification model, which categorizes genuine health information versus health misinformation. The purpose of this article is therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, namely Vec4Cred, with respect to the problem considered. This model represents an evolution of a previous one, with respect to which new features and architectural choices have been considered and illustrated in this work.
Improving precision of objective image/video quality meters
Authors: Behzadpour Majid , Ghanbari Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough subjective test is the most accurate image/video quality assessment tool, it is extremely time demanding. In the past two decades, a variety of objective quality measuring tools, such as SSIM, IW-SSIM, SPSIM, FSIM, etc., have been devised, that well correlate with the subjective tests results. However, the main problem with these methods is that they do not discriminate the measured quality well enough, especially at high quality range. In this article we show how the accuracy/precision of these Image Quality Assessment (IQA) meters can be increased by mapping them into a Logistic Function (LF). The precisions are tested over a variety of image/video databases. Our experimental tests indicate while the used high-quality images can be discriminated by 23% resolution on the MOS subjective scores, discrimination resolution by the widely used IQAs are only 2%, but their mapped IQAs to Logistic Function at this quality range can be improved to 9 − 17%, depending on the characteristics of the LF function. Moreover, their precision at low to mid quality range can also be improved. At this quality range, while the discrimination resolution of MOS of the tested images is 23.2%, those of raw IQAs is nearly 8.9%, but discrimination of their adapted logistic functions can be very close to that of MOS. Moreover, with the used image databases the Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC) of MOS with the logistic function can be improved by 2 − 20% as well.
Zn diffusion depth effect on photoresponse uniformity in InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Walker A. W. , Moisa S. , Springthorpe A. J. , Pitts O. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerical simulation of the electric field distribution and photocurrent response of a planar InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiode is presented for small variations of the multiplication width. The Zn dopant diffusion front is obtained by numerically simulating the diffusion process. The simulation results indicate that while a local peak value of the electric field is observed near the device edge, it is not associated with a significant increase in the photocurrent response. Experimental photocurrent mapping of an avalanche photodiode shows a response at the edge that is enhanced by ~ 60% compared to the centre response. Scanning electron microscope images of Zn diffused structures show that the depth is enhanced by 0.03 m at the edge, compared to the centre. Simulations of devices with varied multiplication width show that the magnitude of the increase in photocurrent expected for the observed depth enhancement is consistent with the observed photocurrent enhancement along the edge the active device.
A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems
Authors: Abdelfatah Reham , Alshaer Nancy , Ismail Tawfik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe challenge of tracking unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is arising out of increasing their market and spread usage in many applications. Miscuing UAVs can lead to potential threats as they are considered an essential part of national security. One of the major issues in communication with UAVs is the enormous amount of data generated by UAVs that requires a high data rate link, making the free space optics (FSO) communication, with very high bandwidth, an appropriate choice. Consequently, current developments in UAVs have provided new horizons for establishing UAV-based FSO links. However, FSO is a narrow line of sight (LoS) technology that is highly affected by the misalignment between the transmitter and receiver. So, tracking mechanisms are of vital importance when considering UAV-based FSO communication systems. This paper addresses coarse to fine pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) approaches and the recently developed tracking approaches to establish a reliable link for communication. Also, the various approaches are discussed and compared for precise alignment between the ground station and its associated UAV, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Current challenges and future research directions are addressed and integrated by combining different ideas.
Classifying comparability problems in a way that matters
Authors: Andersson Henrik , Herlitz Anders 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow should one understand comparisons in which neither of two alternatives is at least as good as the other? Much recent literature on comparability problems focuses on what the appropriate explanation of the phenomenon is. Is it due to vagueness or the possibility of non-conventional comparative relations such as parity? This paper argues that the discussions on how to best explain comparability problems has reached an impasse at which it is hard to make any progress. To advance the discussion we suggest a new classification of comparability problems that focuses on the problems they cause for practical reasoning.
Geospatial Technique Integrated with MCDM Models for Selecting Potential Sites for Harvesting Rainwater in the Semi-arid Region
Authors: Alkaradaghi Karwan , Hamamin Dara , Karim Hawber , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Ali Salahalddin S. , Laue Jan , Ali Tara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Severe droughts and mismanagement of water resources during the last decades have propelled authorities in the Kurdistan Region to be concerned about better management of precipitation which is considered the primary source of recharging surface and groundwater in the area of interest. The drought cycles in the last decades have stimulated water stakeholders to drill more wells and store uncontrolled runoff in suitable structures during rainy times to fulfill the increased water demands. The optimum sites for rainwater harvesting sites in the Qaradaqh basin, which is considered a water-scarce area, were determined using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), sum average weighted method (SAWM), and fuzzy-based index (FBI) techniques. The essential thematic layers within the natural and artificial factors were rated, weighted, and integrated via GIS and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches. As a consequence of the model results, three farm ponds and four small dams were proposed as future prospective sites for implementing rainwater harvesting structures. The current work shows that the unsuitable ratio over the study area in all methods AHP, SAWM, and FBI occupied 12.6%, 12.7%, and 14.2% respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristics were used to validate the model outcomes. The AUC values range from 0.5 to 1, meaning that all MCDM results are good or are correctly selected. Based on the prediction rate curve for the suitability index map, the prediction accuracy was 72%, 57%, and 59% for AHP, SAWM, and fuzzy overlay, respectively. The final map shows that the potential sites for rainwater harvesting or suitable sites are clustered mainly in the northern and around the basin’s boundary, while unsuitable areas cover northeastern and some scatter zones in the middle due to restrictions of geology, distance to stream with the villages, and slope criteria. The total harvested runoff was 377,260 m3 from all the suggested structures. The proposed sites may provide a scientific and reasonable basis for utilizing this natural resource and minimize the impacts of future drought cycles.
Interpretable machine learning approach to analyze the effects of landscape and meteorological factors on mosquito occurrences in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Lee Dae-Seong , Lee Da-Yeong , Park Young-Seuk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMosquitoes are the underlying cause of various public health and economic problems. In this study, patterns of mosquito occurrence were analyzed based on landscape and meteorological factors in the metropolitan city of Seoul. We evaluated the influence of environmental factors on mosquito occurrence through the interpretation of prediction models with a machine learning algorithm. Through hierarchical cluster analysis, the study areas were classified into waterside and non-waterside areas, according to the landscape patterns. The mosquito occurrence was higher in the waterside area, and mosquito abundance was negatively affected by rainfall at the waterside. The mosquito occurrence was predicted in each cluster area based on the landscape and cumulative meteorological variables using a random forest algorithm. Both models exhibited good performance (both accuracy and AUROC > 0.8) in predicting the level of mosquito occurrence. The embedded relationship between the mosquito occurrence and the environmental factors in the models was explained using the Shapley additive explanation method. According to the variable importance and the partial dependence plots for each model, the waterside area was more influenced by the meteorological and land cover variables than the non-waterside area. Therefore, mosquito control strategies should consider the effects of landscape and meteorological conditions, including the temperature, rainfall, and the landscape heterogeneity. The present findings can contribute to the development of mosquito forecasting systems in metropolitan cities for the promotion of public health.