bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakest Link in Fiber Bundle Models
Authors: Gleaton James U. , Han David , Lynch James D. , Ng Hon K. T. , Ruggeri Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The fiber bundle model for modeling the breakdown of physical systems is discussed and illustrated for circuits of capacitors and dielectrics. Concepts such as the weakest link, chain of bundles, parallel/series capacitor circuits and series/parallel reliability systems, and size effects for chains are discussed in terms of fibrous composites and capacitor circuits.
Capacitors: Laws, Load Sharing, and Breakdown
Authors: Gleaton James U. , Han David , Lynch James D. , Ng Hon K. T. , Ruggeri Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Because of the capacitor laws, a series circuit of capacitors can be considered as a load‐sharing bundle, while a parallel/series circuit can be treated as a chain of bundles. Such a chain is of interest in reliability since, if the parallel/series circuit fails when one of the series circuits fails, it is a weakest link chain of bundles (a series/parallel reliability system). The interplay of circuits of capacitors and load‐sharing systems is a consequence of the capacitor laws. This as well as the weakest link chain‐of‐bundles model for hafnia (HfO
2
) dielectrics is discussed.
John Mandel
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Kacker Raghu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The assessment of measurement uncertainty, especially in the context of interlaboratory studies, is at the basis of current discussion in the literature on reproducible research. John Mandel's work provided pioneering contributions to statistical methodology for assessing and handling measurement uncertainty. As an example, the methods he developed with colleagues as mathematical statistician at the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) and the National Institute of Health to determine the concentration of calcium in human blood serum proved efficacious in clinical practice with a major impact on health care management. In this biographical article, we review the contributions of John Mandel with some retrospective considerations.
Commissioning a secondary dose calculation software for a 0.35 T MR‐linac
Authors: Price Alex T. , Knutson Nels C. , Kim Taeho , Green Olga L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSecondary external dose calculations for a 0.35 T magnetic resonance image‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) are needed within the radiation oncology community to follow safety standards set forth within the field. We evaluate the commercially available software, RadCalc, in its ability to accurately perform monitor unit dose calculations within a magnetic field. We also evaluate the potential effects of a 0.35 T magnetic field upon point dose calculations.Monitor unit calculations were evaluated with (wMag) and without (noMag) a magnetic field considerations in RadCalc for the ViewRay MRIdian. The magnetic field is indirectly accounted for by using asymmetric profiles for calculation. The introduction of double‐stacked multi‐leaf collimator leaves was also included in the monitor unit calculations and a single transmission value was determined. A suite of simple and complex geometries with a variety field arrangements were calculated for each method to demonstrate the effect of the 0.35 T magnetic field on monitor unit calculations. Finally, 25 patient‐specific treatment plans were calculated using each method for comparison.All simple geometries calculated in RadCalc were within 2% of treatment planning system (TPS) values for both methods, except for a single noMag off‐axis comparison. All complex muilt‐leaf collimator (MLC) pattern calculations were within 5%. All complex phantom geometry calculations were within 5% except for a single field within a lung phantom at a distal point. For the patient calculations, the noMag method average percentage difference was 0.09 ± 2.5% and the wMag average percentage difference was 0.08 ± 2.5%. All results were within 5% for the wMag method.We performed monitor unit calculations for a 0.35 T MRgRT system using a commercially available secondary monitor unit dose calculation software and demonstrated minimal impact of the 0.35 T magnetic field on monitor unit dose calculations. This is the first investigation demonstrating successful calculations of dose using RadCalc in the low‐field 0.35 T ViewRay MRIdian system.
Rational Development of Co‐Doped Mesoporous Ceria with High Peroxidase‐Mimicking Activity at Neutral pH for Paper‐Based Colorimetric Detection of Multiple Biomarkers
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thy , Lee Junsang , Cho Ara , Kim Min Su , Choi Daeeun , Han Jeong Woo , Kim Moon Il , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeroxidase‐mimicking nanozymes have been extensively studied, however, their application is limited by the requirement for an acidic pH. Herein, the development of Co‐doped mesoporous cerium oxide (Co‐m‐ceria) is reported, which operates optimally at a near‐neutral pH and exhibits a peroxidase‐like catalytic efficiency that is 600‐times higher than that of pristine m‐ceria. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the application of pristine and various metal‐doped m‐ceria in peroxidase‐like reactions under different pH environments are conducted to select Co as the appropriate dopant. The high peroxidase‐like activity of Co‐m‐ceria under neutral conditions and its mesoporous nature enable its application in a one‐pot cascade reaction system, wherein biomarkers of oxidative enzymes can be detected without altering the pH. Five different oxidative enzymes are immobilized in the pores of Co‐m‐ceria at high loadings, followed by incorporation of the enzyme‐containing Co‐m‐ceria in paper microfluidic devices for the convenient and simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers. The Co‐m‐ceria‐incorporated paper microfluidic device enables the selective and sensitive determination of multiple biomarkers using a smartphone‐acquired image. This study demonstrates the potential of the rational design of nanozymes and their application in paper microfluidic devices, laying the groundwork for future applications of nanozymes in point‐of‐care testing environments.
Pushing the Limits of Functionality‐Multiplexing Capability in Metasurface Design Based on Statistical Machine Learning
Authors: Ma Wei , Xu Yihao , Xiong Bo , Deng Lin , Peng Ru‐Wen , Wang Mu , Liu Yongmin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs 2D metamaterials, metasurfaces provide an unprecedented means to manipulate light with the ability to multiplex different functionalities in a single planar device. Currently, most pursuits of multifunctional metasurfaces resort to empirically accommodating more functionalities at the cost of increasing structural complexity, with little effort to investigate the intrinsic restrictions of given meta‐atoms and thus the ultimate limits in the design. In this work, it is proposed to embed machine‐learning models in both gradient‐based and nongradient optimization loops for the automatic implementation of multifunctional metasurfaces. Fundamentally different from the traditional two‐step approach that separates phase retrieval and meta‐atom structural design, the proposed end‐to‐end framework facilitates full exploitation of the prescribed design space and pushes the multifunctional design capacity to its physical limit. With a single‐layer structure that can be readily fabricated, metasurface focusing lenses and holograms are experimentally demonstrated in the near‐infrared region. They show up to eight controllable responses subjected to different combinations of working frequencies and linear polarization states, which are unachievable by the conventional physics‐guided approaches. These results manifest the superior capability of the data‐driven scheme for photonic design, and will accelerate the development of complex devices and systems for optical display, communication, and computing.
Chemical Potential Diagram Guided Rational Tuning of Electrical Properties: A Case Study of CsPbBr3 for X‐ray Detection
Authors: Du Xinyuan , Liu Yingmeng , Pan Weicheng , Pang Jincong , Zhu Jinsong , Zhao Shan , Chen Chao , Yu Yu , Xiao Zewen , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractControlling the carrier polarity and concentration underlies most electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, for the intensively studied lead halide perovskites, the doping tunability is inefficient. In this work, taking CsPbBr3 as an example, it is revealed that the coexistence of metallic Pb or CsBr3/Br2, rather than the precursor ratio, can provide Pb‐rich/Br‐poor or Br‐rich/Pb‐poor chemical conditions, enabling the tunability of electrical properties from weak n‐type, intrinsic, to moderate p‐type. Experimentally, under Br2‐exposure treatment, a shift of the Fermi level as large as 1.00 eV is achieved, which is one of the highest value among all kinds of doping methods. The X‐ray detector based on the intrinsic CsPbBr3 exhibits excellent performance, with a negligible dark‐current drift of 7.1 × 10−4 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1, a low detection limit of 103.6 nGyair s−1, and a high sensitivity of 9085 μC Gyair−1 cm−2. This work provides a critical understanding and guidance for tuning the electrical properties of lead halide perovskites, which establishes good foundations for achieving intrinsic perovskite semiconductors and also constructing potential homojunction devices.
Innate but Not Adaptive Immunity Regulates Lung Recovery from Chronic Exposure to Graphene Oxide Nanosheets
Authors: Loret Thomas , de Luna Luis Augusto Visani , Fordham Alexander , Arshad Atta , Barr Katharine , Lozano Neus , Kostarelos Kostas , Bussy Cyrill 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGraphene has drawn a lot of interest in the material community due to unique physicochemical properties. Owing to a high surface area to volume ratio and free oxygen groups, the oxidized derivative, graphene oxide (GO) has promising potential as a drug delivery system. Here, the lung tolerability of two distinct GO varying in lateral dimensions is investigated, to reveal the most suitable candidate platform for pulmonary drug delivery. Following repeated chronic pulmonary exposure of mice to GO sheet suspensions, the innate and adaptive immune responses are studied. An acute and transient influx of neutrophils and eosinophils in the alveolar space, together with the replacement of alveolar macrophages by interstitial ones and a significant activation toward anti‐inflammatory subsets, are found for both GO materials. Micrometric GO give rise to persistent multinucleated macrophages and granulomas. However, neither adaptive immune response nor lung tissue remodeling are induced after exposure to micrometric GO. Concurrently, milder effects and faster tissue recovery, both associated to a faster clearance from the respiratory tract, are found for nanometric GO, suggesting a greater lung tolerability. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of dimensions in the design of biocompatible 2D materials for pulmonary drug delivery system.
The gut microbiota of gibbons across host genus and captive site in China
Authors: Lan Li‐Ying , You Yu‐Yan , Hong Qi‐Xuan , Liu Qun‐Xiu , Xu Chun‐Zhong , Chen Wu , Zhu Ying‐Di , Du Xue‐Qing , Fan Peng‐Fei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGut microbiota influences nutrient metabolism and immunity of animal hosts. Better understanding of the composition and diversity of gut microbiota contributes to conservation and management of threatened animals both in situ and ex situ. In this study, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the composition and diversity of the fecal bacterial community of four gibbon genera (Family Hylobatidae) at four Chinese zoos. The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria and dominant families were Prevotellaceae (Bacteroidetes), Spirochaetaceae (Spirochaetes) and Ruminococcaceae (Firmicutes) in the gut of all gibbons. Both captive site and host genus had significant effects on the relative abundance of dominant bacteria and structure of gut bacterial community. We found that captive site and host genus did not solely impact gut bacterial diversity, but the interaction between them did. This study provides basic knowledge for gut microbiota of all four gibbon genera and contributes to management and conservation of captive gibbons.
Systematic identification and characterization of differentially expressed microRNAs under tetraniliprole exposure in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhang Yun , Wang Aiyu , Yu Lang , Yang Yuanxue , Duan Ailing , Xue Chao , Zhao Ming , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a worldwide agricultural pest and causes huge losses of crop production each year. Tetraniliprole is a novel diamide insecticide with high efficacy against even the insecticide resistant pests of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and play an important regulatory role in the insecticide resistance in insects. However, the effects of miRNAs on the tetraniliprole tolerance in S. frugiperda are poorly understood. In the present research, the miRNAs response to tetraniliprole application in S. frugiperda were systematically investigated by high‐throughput sequencing. A total of thirty differentially expressed miRNAs were identified under tetraniliprole treatment in S. frugiperda. The functions of the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were further predicted by Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database pathway, and the most significantly enriched pathway was MAPK signaling pathway. The expression changes of six differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, miR‐278‐5p had the highest expression in the hemolymph and malpighian tubule and the lowest expression in the gut. Oversupply of miR‐278‐5p significantly increased the mortality of S. frugiperda following exposure to tetraniliprole. These results will provide the basis for understanding the regulatory roles of miRNAs regarding to tetraniliprole tolerance in S. frugiperda.
Characterization of Blood Mucosal‐Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis and of Resident Mucosal‐Associated Invariant T Cells From the Axial Entheses of Non‐Axial Spondyloarthritis Control Patients
Authors: Rosine Nicolas , Rowe Hannah , Koturan Surya , Yahia‐Cherbal Hanane , Leloup Claire , Watad Abdulla , Berenbaum Francis , Sellam Jeremie , Dougados Maxime , Aimanianda Vishukumar , Cuthbert Richard , Bridgewood Charlie , Newton Darren , Bianchi Elisabetta , Rogge Lars , McGonagle Dennis , Miceli‐Richard Corinne 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe importance of interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been demonstrated by the success of IL‐17A blockade. However, the nature of the cell populations that produce this important proinflammatory cytokine remains poorly defined. We undertook this study to characterize the major IL‐17A–producing blood cell populations in the peripheral blood of patients with axial SpA, with a focus on mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population known to be capable of producing IL‐17.MethodsWe evaluated IL‐17A production from 5 sorted peripheral blood cell populations, namely, MAIT cells, γδ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutrophils, before and after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, the calcium ionophore A23187, and β‐1,3‐glucan. Expression of IL‐17A transcripts and protein were determined using nCounter and ultra‐sensitive Simoa technology, respectively. MAIT cells from the axial entheses of non‐axial SpA control patients (n = 5) were further characterized using flow cytometric immunophenotyping and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the production of IL‐17 was assessed following stimulation.ResultsOn a per‐cell basis, MAIT cells from peripheral blood produced the most IL‐17A compared to CD4+ T cells (P < 0.01), CD8+ T cells (P < 0.0001), and γδ T cells (P < 0.0001). IL‐17A was not produced by neutrophils. Gene expression analysis also revealed significantly higher expression of IL17A and IL23R in MAIT cells. Stimulation of peripheral blood MAIT cells with anti‐CD3/CD28 and IL‐7 and/or IL‐18 induced strong expression of IL17F. MAIT cells were present in the normal, unaffected entheses of control patients who did not have axial SpA and showed elevated AHR, JAK1, STAT4, and TGFB1 transcript expression with inducible IL‐17A protein. IL‐18 protein expression was evident in spinal enthesis digests.ConclusionBoth peripheral blood MAIT cells and resident MAIT cells in normal axial entheses contribute to the production of IL‐17 and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of axial SpA.
B Cell–Specific Deletion of CR6‐Interacting Factor 1 Drives Lupus‐like Autoimmunity by Activation of Interleukin‐17, Interleukin‐6, and Pathogenic Follicular Helper T Cells in a Mouse Model
Authors: Park Jin‐Sil , Yang SeungCheon , Hwang Sun‐Hee , Choi JeongWon , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Kong Young‐Yun , Youn Jeehee , Cho Mi‐La , Park Sung‐Hwan 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveCR6‐interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) is a nuclear transcriptional regulator and a mitochondrial inner membrane protein; however, its functions in B lymphocytes have been poorly defined. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CRIF1 on B cell metabolic regulation, cell function, and autoimmune diseases.MethodsUsing mice with B cell–specific deletion of CRIF1 (Crif1ΔCD19 mice), we assessed the relevance of CRIF1 function for lupus disease parameters, including anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA), cytokines, and kidney pathology. RNA sequencing was performed on B cells from Crif1ΔCD19 mice. The phenotypic and metabolic changes in immune cells were evaluated in Crif1ΔCD19 mice. Roquinsan/+ mice crossed with Crif1ΔCD19 mice were monitored to assess the functionality of CRIF1‐deficient B cells in lupus development.ResultsCrif1ΔCD19 mice showed an autoimmune lupus‐like phenotype, including high levels of autoantibodies to dsDNA and severe lupus nephritis with increased mesangial hypercellularity. While loss of CRIF1 in B cells showed impaired mitochondrial oxidative function, CRIF1‐deficient B cells promoted the production of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and IL‐6 and was more potent in helping T cells develop into follicular helper T cells. In a mouse model of autoimmune lupus, depletion of CRIF1 in B cells exacerbated lupus severity, and CRIF1 overexpression prevented lupus development in roquinsan/san mice.ConclusionThese results demonstrated that CRIF1 negatively correlates with disease severity and that overexpression of CRIF1 ameliorates disease development. Our findings suggest that CRIF1 is essential for preventing lupus development by maintaining B cell self tolerance.
The strange case of Drp1 in autophagy: Jekyll and Hyde?
Authors: Chen Yanfang , Culetto Emmanuel , Legouis Renaud 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a debate regarding the function of Drp1, a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission, during the elimination of mitochondria by autophagy. A number of experiments indicate that Drp1 is needed to eliminate mitochondria during mitophagy, either by reducing the mitochondrial size or by providing a noncanonical mitophagy function. Yet, other convincing experimental results support the conclusion that Drp1 is not necessary. Here, we review the possible functions for Drp1 in mitophagy and autophagy, depending on tissues, organisms and stresses, and discuss these apparent discrepancies. In this regard, it appears that the reduction of mitochondria size is often required for mitophagy but not always in a Drp1‐dependent manner. Finally, we speculate on Drp1‐independent mitochondrial fission mechanism that may take place during mitophagy and on noncanonical roles, which Drp1 may play such as modulating organelle contact sites dynamic during the autophagosome formation.
Long noncoding RNASEH1‐AS1 exacerbates the progression of non‐small cell lung cancer by acting as a ceRNA to regulate microRNA‐516a‐5p/FOXK1 and thereby activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Chan , Huang Jian , Lou Ke , Ouyang Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTill now, no study has focused on the functions of RNASEH1 antisense RNA 1 (RNASEH1‐AS1) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Accordingly, we measured the expression of RNASEH1‐AS1 in NSCLC and characterized its functions in detail. Finally, our research elucidated the mechanisms that occurred downstream of RNASEH1‐AS1.MethodsRNASEH1‐AS1 expression was examined utilizing TCGA database and qRT‐PCR. Functional experiments were conducted to study the tumor‐associated functions of RNASEH1‐AS1. The targeting relationship among RNASEH1‐AS1, microRNA‐516a‐5p (miR‐516a‐5p), and forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) was revealed utilizing RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays.ResultsUtilizing TCGA database and our own cohort, we found a significantly increased level of RNASEH1‐AS1 in NSCLC. The high level of RNASEH1‐AS1 was markedly related with poor clinical outcomes. Knockdown of RNASEH1‐AS1 expression inhibited NSCLC cell growth, metastatic capacities, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and promoted the apoptosis in vitro, whereas RNASEH1‐AS1 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Additionally, knocking down RNASEH1‐AS1 expression suppressed tumor growth in vivo. RNASEH1‐AS1 was confirmed to act as a miR‐516a‐5p sponge, consequently upregulating FOXK1 expression in NSCLC cells. As revealed by the subsequent rescue experiments, the miR‐516a‐5p/FOXK1 axis served as a downstream effector of RNASEH1‐AS1. In addition, by controlling the miR‐516a‐5p/FOXK1 axis, RNASEH1‐AS1 was capable of activating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.ConclusionRNASEH1‐AS1 exacerbated the oncogenicity of NSCLC by affecting the miR‐516a‐5p/FOXK1 axis and consequently promoting the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Our newly identified RNASEH1‐AS1/miR‐516a‐5p/FOXK1/Wnt/β‐catenin network may offer an interesting foundation for NSCLC treatment in the clinic.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Oleanolic Acid‐Linked Disulfide, Thioether, or Selenium Ether Moieties as Potent Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Li Ya‐Mei , Zhang Yu , Luan Tian , Liu Chuan‐Feng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of novel oleanolic acid (OA)‐linked disulfide, thioether, or selenium ether derivatives was synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated against human liver cancer (BEL‐7402 and HepG‐2), colon cancer (HCT116), and normal liver (L02) cell lines using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT). Preliminary bioassay results revealed that OA derivatives modified at the C3−OH position, i. e., compound a4 containing sulfide ether, exhibited the best antiproliferative activity against BEL‐7402 cells, with an IC50 value of 5.70±0.82 μM. Further flow cytometry assays revealed that compound a4 exerted its antiproliferative effects by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase leading to apoptosis. Moreover, compared with the lead compound OA and the positive control drug 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), the OA derivatives demonstrated potent antiproliferative activities against the cancer cell lines.