bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the hadron-quark phase transition in core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Jakobus Pia , Müller Bernhard , Heger Alexander , Motornenko Anton , Steinheimer Jan , Stoecker Horst 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The hadron-quark phase transition in quantum chromodynamics has been suggested as an alternative explosion mechanism for core-collapse supernovae. We study the impact of three different hadron-quark equations of state (EoS) with first-order (DD2F_SF, STOS-B145) and second-order (CMF) phase transitions on supernova dynamics by performing 97 simulations for solar- and zero-metallicity progenitors in the range of $14\tt {-}100\, \text{M}_\odot$. We find explosions only for two low-compactness models (14 and $16\, \text{M}_\odot$) with the DD2F_SF EoS, both with low explosion energies of ${\sim }10^{50}\, \mathrm{erg}$. These weak explosions are characterized by a neutrino signal with several minibursts in the explosion phase due to complex reverse shock dynamics, in addition to the typical second neutrino burst for phase-transition-driven explosions. The nucleosynthesis shows significant overproduction of nuclei such as 90Zr for the $14\hbox{-} \text{M}_\odot$ zero-metallicity model and 94Zr for the $16\hbox{-}\text{M}_\odot$ solar-metallicity model, but the overproduction factors are not large enough to place constraints on the occurrence of such explosions. Several other low-compactness models using the DD2F_SF EoS and two high-compactness models using the STOS EoS end up as failed explosions and emit a second neutrino burst. For the CMF EoS, the phase transition never leads to a second bounce and explosion. For all three EoS, inverted convection occurs deep in the core of the protocompact star due to anomalous behaviour of thermodynamic derivatives in the mixed phase, which heats the core to entropies up to 4kB/baryon and may have a distinctive gravitational-wave signature, also for a second-order phase transition.
A case of Takayasu arteritis complicated with acute pericarditis at initial presentation
Authors: Kurokawa Miyu , Higuchi Tomoaki , Hirahara Shinya , Watanabe Kotaro , Yamada Risa , Nakamura Shohei , Takada Hideto , Majima Masako , Motoyama Ryo , Hanaoka Masanori , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare, large-vessel vasculitis, frequently presenting at approximately 20 years of age. Patients with TAK without characteristic clinical findings are sometimes left undiagnosed and are followed by a fever of unknown origin; delayed diagnosis may lead to irreversible ischaemia and organ damage. Here, we report a case of an 18-year-old woman with TAK complicated by acute pericarditis at initial presentation. She was diagnosed with idiopathic acute pericarditis and treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the patient’s fever and pain in the chest and upper back persisted. On admission to our hospital, magnetic resonance angiography and ultrasonography revealed wall thickening in the common carotid artery, subclavian artery, and aorta, along with vascular narrowing in the celiac, superior mesenteric, and bilateral renal arteries. The patient was diagnosed with TAK and treated with glucocorticoids, including methylprednisolone pulse therapy, and azathioprine. The treatment improved the patient’s signs and symptoms, and pericardial effusion decreased. Acute pericarditis is a rare manifestation of TAK, but it is important to differentiate diseases, including TAK in patients with acute pericarditis who fail to respond to 2–3 weeks of conventional therapy with NSAIDs.
Performance evaluation of differential splicing analysis methods and splicing analytics platform construction
Authors: Li Kuokuo , Luo Tengfei , Zhu Yan , Huang Yuanfeng , Wang An , Zhang Di , Dong Lijie , Wang Yujian , Wang Rui , Tang Dongdong , Yu Zhen , Shen Qunshan , Lv Mingrong , Ling Zhengbao , Fang Zhenghuan , Yuan Jing , Li Bin , Xia Kun , He Xiaojin , Li Jinchen , Zhao Guihu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA proportion of previously defined benign variants or variants of uncertain significance in humans, which are challenging to identify, may induce an abnormal splicing process. An increasing number of methods have been developed to predict splicing variants, but their performance has not been completely evaluated using independent benchmarks. Here, we manually sourced ∼50 000 positive/negative splicing variants from &gt; 8000 studies and selected the independent splicing variants to evaluate the performance of prediction methods. These methods showed different performances in recognizing splicing variants in donor and acceptor regions, reminiscent of different weight coefficient applications to predict novel splicing variants. Of these methods, 66.67% exhibited higher specificities than sensitivities, suggesting that more moderate cut-off values are necessary to distinguish splicing variants. Moreover, the high correlation and consistent prediction ratio validated the feasibility of integration of the splicing prediction method in identifying splicing variants. We developed a splicing analytics platform called SPCards, which curates splicing variants from publications and predicts splicing scores of variants in genomes. SPCards also offers variant-level and gene-level annotation information, including allele frequency, non-synonymous prediction and comprehensive functional information. SPCards is suitable for high-throughput genetic identification of splicing variants, particularly those located in non-canonical splicing regions.
Systematic review of diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant: Outcomes and associated clinical factors
Authors: Crowell Cameron , Mata-Mbemba Daddy , Bennett Julie , Matheson Kara , Mackley Michael , Perreault Sébastien , Erker Craig 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
A comprehensive review and description of the clinical features that impact prognosis for patients with diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant (G34-DHG) is needed. Understanding survival and prognostic features is paramount for clinical advancements and patient care.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for English articles published between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2021. Eligible studies included patient(s) of any age diagnosed with an H3 G34-mutant brain tumor with at least one measure of survival or progression. Patient-level data were pooled for analyses. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021267764) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.

Results
Twenty-seven studies met the criteria with a total of 135 patients included. Median age at diagnosis was 15.8 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 13.3–22.0) with 90% having localized disease. Co-occurring alterations included ATRX mutation in 93%, TP53 mutation in 88%, and MGMT promoter methylation in 70%. Median time-to-progression was 10.0 months (IQR: 6.0–18.0) and median overall survival was 17.3 months (95% CI: 15.0 to 22.9). The median time from progression to death was 5.0 months (IQR: 3.0–11.7). Factors associated with survival duration were age, as patients ≥18 y/o demonstrated longer survival (hazard ratio [HR] =2.05, 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.62), and degree of upfront resection, as near or gross-total resection demonstrated longer survival compared to those with less than near-total resection (HR = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.11 to 6.62).

Conclusion
This systematic review highlights available clinical data for G34-DHG demonstrating poor outcomes and important prognostic features, while serving as a baseline for future research and clinical trials.
FDA Approval Summary: Brexucabtagene Autoleucel for Treatment of Adults With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bouchkouj Najat , Lin Xue , Wang Xiaofei , Przepiorka Donna , Xu Zhenzhen , Purohit-Sheth Tejashri , Theoret Marc 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In October 2021, the FDA approved brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), a CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Approval was based on the phase II portion of ZUMA-3, a single-arm, open-label, multicenter trial that evaluated a single infusion of brexu-cel, preceded by lymphodepleting chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, in this population. Efficacy was established on the basis of complete remission (CR) within 3 months after infusion and the duration of CR (DOCR). Among 54 patients in the efficacy analysis population, the CR rate was 52% (95% CI: 38, 66) with a median time-to-response of 56 days. With a median follow-up for responders of 7.1 months, the median DOCR was not reached. For all leukapheresed patients in the phase II portion of this trial (n = 71), the CR rate was 41% (95% CI: 29, 53). Among the 78 patients treated with the approved dose of brexu-cel, serious adverse reactions occurred in 79% and fatal adverse reactions occurred in 5% and included cerebral edema and infections. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 92% (grade ≥3, 26%) and neurologic toxicities occurred in 87% (grade ≥3, 35%), leading to implementation of a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS). Postmarketing study with 15 years of follow-up will further evaluate long-term safety in adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL.
A call for action: Recommendations to improve transition to adult care for youth with complex health care needs
Authors: Toulany Alene , Willem Gorter Jan , Harrison Megan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Youth with complex health care needs, defined as those requiring specialized health care and services for physical, developmental, and/or mental health conditions, are often cared for by paediatricians and paediatric specialists. In Canada, the age at which provincial/territorial funders mandate the transfer of paediatric care to adult services varies, ranging between 16 and 19 years. The current configuration of distinct paediatric and adult care service boundaries is fragmentary, raising barriers to continuity of care during an already vulnerable developmental period. For youth, the lack of care integration across sectors can negatively impact health engagement and jeopardize health outcomes into adulthood. To address these barriers and improve transition outcomes, paediatric and adult care providers, as well as family physicians and other community partners, must collaborate in meaningful ways to develop system-based strategies that streamline and safeguard care for youth transitioning to adult services across tertiary, community, and primary care settings. Flexible age cut-offs for transfer to adult care are recommended, along with considering each youth’s developmental stage and capacity as well as patient and family needs and circumstances. Specialized training and education in transitional care issues are needed to build capacity and ensure that health care providers across diverse disciplines and settings are better equipped to accept and care for young people with complex health care needs.
A shrinkage-based criterion for evaluating resistance spot weldability of alloyed steels
Authors: Li Shuoshuo , Wang Yanjun , Hu Bin , Tao Wu , Yang Shanglu , Luo Haiwen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For many decades, several classical formulas on carbon equivalent (CE) have been widely used for evaluating the weldability of steels. Unfortunately, a single CE is impossible for various types of steels. In this study, the resistance spot weldability of medium-Mn steels was investigated. In particular, the influences of paint baking processes at different temperatures on the mechanical properties, fracture mode, and microstructure of weldment were studied. It was found that the paint baking above 170°C can change the tensile-shear failure of weldment from the undesired interfacial failure to the desired pull-out one, because the shrinkage of weldment during welding was compensated by the thermal expansion during the baking, leading to the “cold welding” realized for solid joining. Furthermore, a shrinkage-based criterion (∆l) was established for evaluating the weldability of greater range of alloyed steels more accurately and robustly than CE. The proposed criterion on measuring the weldability of high alloyed steels opens a promising path forward for designing a new generation of advanced high strength steels requiring good weldability.
On the vacuum structure of gauge–Higgs unification models
Authors: Adachi Yuki , Lim C S , Maru Nobuhito 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We discuss the vacuum structure of the gauge–Higgs unification theory, which is one of the attractive candidates for physics beyond the standard model. This scenario has a remarkable feature: it has infinitely degenerate vacua due to the characteristic periodic potential of the Higgs field, to be identified with the extra space component of the higher-dimensional gauge field. We address the question of whether forming the superposition of such degenerate vacua, like the θ-vacuum in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is necessary or not, in order to realize the true vacuum state of the theory. We derive a gauge field configuration which describes the transition between neighboring vacua, like the instanton (or anti-instanton) solution in QCD, and the corresponding Euclidean action in two models. In a simplified two-dimensional U(1) model, the derived configuration to describe the transition is shown to have finite Euclidean action, and accordingly the “θ-vacuum” and the resultant “θ-term” are formulated. In a realistic five-dimensional U(1) model, however, the gauge field configuration to describe the transition is shown to have infinite Euclidean action, and therefore the tunneling probability between the degenerate vacua vanishes. Thus, superposition of the degenerate vacua is not necessary.
Open-closed homotopy algebra in superstring field theory
Authors: Kunitomo Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We construct open-closed superstring interactions based on the open-closed homotopy algebra structure. This provides a classical open superstring field theory on general closed-superstring-field backgrounds described by classical solutions of the nonlinear equation of motion of the closed superstring field theory. We also give the corresponding WZW-like action through the map connecting the homotopy-based and WZW-like formulations.
Air pollution and public health vulnerabilities, susceptibilities and inequalities in Wales, UK
Authors: Horton Amber , Jones Sarah J , Brunt Huw 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Outdoor air pollution is the largest environmental risk to health. Air pollution, deprivation and poor health status are inextricably linked; highlighting issues of environmental injustice, social and health inequalities.

Methods
Air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, NO2 and fine particulate matter, PM2.5), population and deprivation data were identified at Lower Super Output Area level in Wales, UK, for 2012–18. Air pollution data were categorized according to different air pollution concentrations. Population and deprivation data were considered simultaneously to describe population vulnerabilities, susceptibilities and inequalities. Simple statistical analyses were performed using a difference in proportions method with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Over time, the majority of Welsh people transitioned to living in areas of lower NO2 and PM2.5 pollution. Areas of worse air pollution comprised more young people than people aged 65+; both populations are known to be susceptible to air pollution exposure. By 2018, significant socioeconomic inequality gaps were found where ‘most deprived’ population groups for both pollutants experienced greater disadvantage.

Conclusion
Air quality in Wales is improving. However, local-level variations in exposure risk still exist. System-wide action must ensure that air quality improvement-related benefits are equitable and acknowledge current evidence about the harms that even low levels of air pollution can have on health.
Sexual Signals Persist over Deep Time: Ancient Co-option of Bioluminescence for Courtship Displays in Cypridinid Ostracods
Authors: Ellis Emily A , Goodheart Jessica A , Hensley Nicholai M , González Vanessa L , Reda Nicholas J , Rivers Trevor J , Morin James G , Torres Elizabeth , Gerrish Gretchen A , Oakley Todd H 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although the diversity, beauty, and intricacy of sexually selected courtship displays command the attention of evolutionists, the longevity of these traits in deep time is poorly understood. Population-based theory suggests sexual selection could either lower or raise extinction risk, resulting in high or low persistence of lineages with sexually selected traits. Furthermore, empirical studies that directly estimate the longevity of sexually selected traits are uncommon. Sexually selected signals—including bioluminescent courtship—originated multiple times during evolution, allowing the empirical study of their longevity after careful phylogenetic and divergence time analyses. Here, we estimate the first transcriptome-based molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Cypridinidae. We report extreme longevity of bioluminescent courtship, a trait important in mate choice and probably under sexual selection. Our relaxed-clock estimates of divergence times coupled with stochastic character mapping show luminous courtship evolved only once in Cypridinidae—in a Sub-Tribe, we name Luxorina—at least 151 millions of years ago from cypridinid ancestors that used bioluminescence only in antipredator displays, defining a Tribe we name Luminini. This time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of cypridinids will serve as a foundation for integrative and comparative studies on the biochemistry, molecular evolution, courtship, diversification, and ecology of cypridinid bioluminescence. The persistence of luminous courtship for hundreds of millions of years suggests that sexual selection did not cause a rapid loss of associated traits, and that rates of speciation within the group exceeded extinction risk, which may contribute to the persistence of a diverse clade of signaling species. [Ancestral state reconstruction; Biodiversity; co-option; divergence time estimates; macroevolution; Ostracoda; phylogenomics; sexual selection.]
Gestational Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Destroys F1 Ovarian Germ Cells Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway and Diminishes Surviving Oocyte Quality
Authors: Malott Kelli F , Leon Parada Kathleen , Lee Melody , Swanson Edward , Luderer Ulrike 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are products of incomplete combustion. In female mouse embryos primordial germ cells proliferate before and after arriving at the gonadal ridge around embryonic (E) 10 and begin entering meiosis at E13.5. Now oocytes, they arrest in the first meiotic prophase beginning at E17.5. We previously reported dose-dependent depletion of ovarian follicles in female mice exposed to 2 or 10 mg/kg-day BaP E6.5–15.5. We hypothesized that embryonic ovaries are more sensitive to gestational BaP exposure during the mitotic developmental window, and that this exposure results in persistent oxidative stress in ovaries and oocytes of exposed F1 female offspring. We orally dosed timed-pregnant female mice with 0 or 2 mg/kg-day BaP in oil from E6.5–11.5 (mitotic window) or E12.5–17.5 (meiotic window). Cultured E13.5 ovaries were utilized to investigate the mechanism of BaP-induced germ cell death. We observed statistically significant follicle depletion and increased ovarian lipid peroxidation in F1 pubertal ovaries following BaP exposure during either prenatal window. Culture of E13.5 ovaries with BaP induced germ cell DNA damage and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in oocytes, confirming that BaP exposure induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Mitochondrial membrane potential, oocyte lipid droplet (LD) volume, and mitochondrial-LD colocalization were decreased and mitochondrial superoxide levels were increased in the MII oocytes of F1 females exposed gestationally to BaP. Results demonstrate similar sensitivity to germ cell depletion and persistent oxidative stress in F1 ovaries and oocytes following gestational BaP exposure during mitotic or meiotic windows.
Arsenic Induces GSK3β-Dependent p-Tau, Neuronal Apoptosis, and Cognitive Impairment via an Interdependent Hippocampal ERα and IL-1/IL-1R1 Mechanism in Female Rats
Authors: Gupta Keerti , Vishwakarma Jitendra , Garg Asmita , Pandey Rukmani , Jain Veena , Gupta Raksha , Das Uttara , Roy Somendu , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArsenic is an environmental contaminant with potential neurotoxicity. We previously reported that arsenic promoted hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, inducing cognitive loss. Here, we correlated it with tau pathology. We observed that environmentally relevant arsenic exposure increased tau phosphorylation and the principal tau kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), in the female rat hippocampal neurons. We detected the same in primary hippocampal neurons. Because a regulated estrogen receptor (ER) level and inflammation contributed to normal hippocampal functions, we examined their levels following arsenic exposure. Our ER screening data revealed that arsenic down-regulated hippocampal neuronal ERα. We also detected an up-regulated hippocampal interleukin-1 (IL-1) and its receptor, IL-1R1. Further, co-treating arsenic with the ERα agonist, 4,4',4″-(4-Propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (PPT), or IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) resulted in reduced GSK3β and p-tau, indicating involvement of decreased ERα and increased IL-1/IL-1R1 in tau hyperphosphorylation. We then checked whether ERα and IL-1/IL-1R1 had linkage, and detected that although PPT reduced IL-1 and IL-1R1, the IL-1Ra restored ERα, suggesting their arsenic-induced interdependence. We finally correlated this pathway with apoptosis and cognition. We observed that PPT, IL-1Ra and the GSK3β inhibitor, LiCl, reduced hippocampal neuronal cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL+ve apoptotic count, and decreased the number of errors during learning and increased the saving memory for Y-Maze test and retention performance for Passive avoidance test in arsenic-treated rats. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism of arsenic-induced GSK3β-dependent tau pathology via interdependent ERα and IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling. It also envisages the protective role of ERα agonist and IL-1 inhibitor against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity.