bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Metal‐Assisted Defect Engineering towards High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Baktash Ardeshir , Zhong Jun‐Xing , Chen Weijian , Bai Yang , Hao Mengmeng , Chen Peng , He Dongxu , Ding Shanshan , Steele Julian A. , Lin Tongen , Lyu Miaoqiang , Wen Xiaoming , Wu Wu‐Qiang , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed an unprecedentedly rapid development, especially in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the solution‐processed perovskite films inevitably possess numerous crystallographic defects (e.g., halide vacancies), which has been shown to incur non‐radiative charge recombination and ion migration, thus limiting the enhancement of the PCE and stability of PSCs. Here, a novel dual metal (i.e., divalent and monovalent metal ions) modification strategy is reported for simultaneously reducing the defects, immobilizing the halide anions, and preventing ion loss from perovskite during post‐annealing process. Accordingly, this strategy significantly reduces non‐radiative recombination, enhancing the PCE by ≈12% and mitigating the current density‐voltage (J–V) hysteresis effect in resultant devices compared to undoped counterparts. As a result, a champion PCE exceeding 22% and a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.16 V is obtained for dual metal ions‐modified PSCs. The optimized devices also exhibit extended lifespan upon the dual metal treatment. The study provides a new defect engineering strategy toward more efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaics.
Ultrathin Hydrogel Films toward Breathable Skin‐Integrated Electronics
Authors: Cheng Simin , Lou Zirui , Zhang Lan , Guo Haotian , Wang Zitian , Guo Chuanfei , Fukuda Kenjiro , Ma Shaohua , Wang Guoqing , Someya Takao , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Xu Xiaomin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOn‐skin electronics that offer revolutionary capabilities in personalized diagnosis, therapeutics, and human–machine interfaces require seamless integration between the skin and electronics. A common question remains whether an ideal interface can be introduced to directly bridge thin‐film electronics with the soft skin, allowing the skin to breathe freely and the skin‐integrated electronics to function stably. Here, an ever‐thinnest hydrogel is reported that is compliant to the glyphic lines and subtle minutiae on the skin without forming air gaps, produced by a facile cold‐lamination method. The hydrogels exhibit high water‐vapor permeability, allowing nearly unimpeded transepidermal water loss and free breathing of the skin underneath. Hydrogel‐interfaced flexible (opto)electronics without causing skin irritation or accelerated device performance deterioration are demonstrated. The long‐term applicability is recorded for over one week. With combined features of extreme mechanical compliance, high permeability, and biocompatibility, the ultrathin hydrogel interface promotes the general applicability of skin‐integrated electronics.
Anharmonic Cation–Anion Coupling Dynamics Assisted Lithium‐Ion Diffusion in Sulfide Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Xu Zhenming , Chen Xi , Zhu Hong , Li Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSulfide‐based lithium superionic conductors often show higher Li‐ion conductivity than other types of electrolyte materials. This work unveils a unique Li‐ion conductive behavior in these materials through the perspective of anharmonic coupling assisted Li‐ion diffusion. Li hopping events can happen simultaneously with various types of lattice dynamics, while only a statistically important synchronization of motions may indicate coupling. This method enables a direct evaluation of the coupling strength between these motions, which more fundamentally decides if a specific type of lattice motion is really anharmonically coupled to the Li hopping event and whether the coupling can facilitate the Li diffusion. By a new ab initio computational approach, this work unveils a unique phenomenon in prototype sulfide electrolytes in comparison with typical halide ones, that Li‐ion conduction can be boosted by the anharmonic coupling of low‐frequency Li phonon modes with high‐frequency anion stretching or flexing phonon modes, rather than the low‐frequency rotational modes. The coupling pushes Li ions toward the diffusion channels for reduced diffusion barriers. The result from the lower temperature range (≈0–300 K) of simulation can also be more relevant to the application of solid‐state batteries.
Correlated Metals Transparent Conductors with High UV to Visible Transparency on Amorphous Substrates
Authors: Le Phu Tran Phong , Ni Shu , Repecaud Pierre‐Alexis , van der Minne Emma , Van Den Nieuwenhuijzen Karin J. H. , Nguyen Minh Duc , ten Elshof Johan E. , Morales‐Masis Monica , Koster Gertjan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCorrelated metals with high carrier density and strongly correlated electron effects provide an alternative route to achieve transparent conducting materials, different from the conventional degenerately doped wide‐bandgap transparent conducting oxides (TCO). The extremely low electrical resistivity and high optical transparency in the ultraviolet‐visible spectral range shown in 4d correlated metals present an advantage over conventional TCOs. However, most of the 4d correlated metals are grown epitaxially on single crystal substrates. Here, it has been shown that Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets with different buffer layers promote the growth of high‐quality 4d2 SrMoO3 films on fused silica substrates, overcoming the use of expensive and size‐limited single‐crystal substrates. The room temperature electrical resistivity of SrMoO3 is as low as 61 µΩ cm, the lowest reported value on amorphous transparent substrates to date, without compromising its high optical transmittance. 4d1 correlated metal SrNbO3 on Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets also exhibits similarly high optical transmittance but a higher room temperature resistivity of 174 µΩ cm. These findings facilitate the use of highly conducting and transparent 4d correlated metals not only as TCOs on technologically relevant substrates for the applications in the ultraviolet‐visible spectral range but also as electrodes for other oxide‐based thin film technologies.
In‐Depth NMR Investigation of the Magnetic Hardening in Co Thin Films Induced by the Interface with Molecular Layers
Authors: Benini Mattia , Allodi Giuseppe , Surpi Alessandro , Riminucci Alberto , Lin Ko‐Wei , Sanna Samuele , Dediu Valentin Alek , Bergenti Ilaria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe hybridization of the surface orbitals of thin ferromagnetic layers with molecular orbitals represents a soft but efficient technology that is able to induce in ferromagnetic component radical modifications of the key magnetic parameters, such as magnetization, magnetic anisotropy, and others. These effects are investigated in 7 nm thick polycrystalline Co films interfaced with C60 and Gaq3 molecular layers by combining 59Co Ferromagnetic nuclear resonance spectroscopy (FNR) and magneto‐optic kerr effect (MOKE) techniques. It is demonstrated that the surface hybridization produces a significant magnetic hardening with respect to a reference Co/Al system and that the molecule‐induced effects modify the magnetic properties of entire Co layer, propagating for several nm from the interface. The FNR spectroscopy also reveals a reconstruction of the magnetic environment at the cobalt surface, whose observation in polycrystalline films is especially intriguing. The results shed new and unexpected light on the interfacial physics in such systems, whose understanding necessitates further experimental and theoretical research.
Indium Selenide/Indium Tin Oxide Hybrid Films for Solution‐Processed Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors in Aqueous Media
Authors: Bianca Gabriele , Zappia Marilena Isabella , Bellani Sebastiano , Ghini Michele , Curreli Nicola , Buha Joka , Galli Valerio , Prato Mirko , Soll Aljoscha , Sofer Zdeněk , Lanzani Guglielmo , Kriegel Ilka , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract2D metal monochalcogenides have recently attracted interest for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications in aqueous electrolytes. Their optical bandgap in the visible and near‐infrared spectral region is adequate for energy conversion and photodetection/sensing. Their large surface‐to‐volume ratio guarantees that the charge carriers are photogenerated at the material/electrolyte interface, where redox reactions occur, minimizing recombination processes. However, solution‐processed photoelectrodes based on these materials exhibit energy conversion efficiencies that are far from the current state of the art expressed by established technologies. This work reports a systematic morphological, spectroscopic, and PEC characterization of solution‐processed films of photoactive InSe flakes for PEC‐type photodetectors. By optimizing the thickness and hybridizing InSe flakes with electrically conductive Sn:In2O3 (ITO) nanocrystals, photoanodes with a significant photoanodic response in both acidic and alkaline media are designed, reaching responsivity up to 60.0 mA W−1 (external quantum efficiency = 16.4%) at +0.4 V versus RHE under visible illumination. In addition, a strategy based on the use of sacrificial agents (i.e., 2‐propanol and Na2SO3) is proposed to improve the stability of the InSe and ITO/InSe photodetectors. Our data confirm the potential of 2D InSe for PEC energy conversion and sensing applications, remarking the challenges related to InSe stability during anodic operation.
Wide Bandgap Nanocoatings for Polymer Dielectric with Outstanding Electrical Strength
Authors: Wang Tian‐Yu , Liu Shu‐Ming , Li Xiao‐Fen , Wang Qian , Liu Shu‐Qi , Liang Xi‐Dong , Li Shunning , Liu Bai‐Xin , Liu Jian‐Bo , Zhang Gui‐Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the core components of insulation systems or film capacitors, polymer dielectrics are widely used in electrical and electronic equipment and for energy storage. However, the electrical strength is always the bottleneck that limits further application. Therefore, a coating with a wide bandgap comprising of zinc oxide and polydimethylsiloxane is designed in this paper. Experiments show that the coating effectively improves the breakdown strength and flashover voltage. A Kelvin probe force microscope is used to determine the microscopic mechanism for performance improvement, the charge dissipation characteristics and the changes in trap parameters in the nanoscale regime. This shows that many shallow traps are introduced on the polymer surface after applying the coating, which dissipate the surface charges and increase the flashover voltage. First‐principles calculations indicate that the band gap of the coating is wider than that of the polymer dielectric, which explains the enhancement in breakdown field strength. This paper presents an efficient method for enhancing the electrical strengths of polymer dielectrics, which is crucial for their application. More importantly, the experimental and theoretical methods used to determine the microscopic mechanism and the conclusions obtained in this paper provide guidance for future research on polymer dielectrics.
Opportunities and Challenges for Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Vacuum Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Lee Joo‐Hong , Kim Byung Soon , Park Jinkyun , Lee Jin‐Wook , Kim Kyungkon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDeveloping an effective scalable fabrication process for perovskite solar cells is urgent to getting perovskite photovoltaic technology market‐ready. Perhaps due to the relatively cost‐effective setup and tunable fabrication processes, the vast majority of research efforts have been dedicated to the development of solution‐based scalable processes. Comparatively, the vacuum thermal evaporation processes have not been studied in‐depth, regardless of their advantages in reproducibility, scalability, extendable applications, safety, and toxicity. Here possible opportunities and challenges are discussed in utilizing the vacuum thermal evaporation technique for mass production of large‐area perovskite solar modules. While this process has technical and economical potential, more research should be warranted.
4D Printing Via Multispeed Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Luo Feixiang , Huang Yuanxin , Cao Xiaoshan , Yuan Chao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract4D printing is an advanced technology that aims to endow the additively manufactured objects with time‐dependent transformations. Despite the great progress in the last decade, however, there are still some technical barriers for the majority of existing 4D printing techniques including the dependency on customized or expensive 3D printers and the demand of sophisticated chemistry in the preparation of active materials. Herein, an efficient and economical 4D printing approach that adopts multispeed fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique to embed graded built‐in strain into flat precursory pattern is proposed, allowing for prompt and talorable shapeshifting upon heat stimulus. Guided by the systematic optimization of FDM processing parameters, it is allowed to directly construct complex 3D structures from flat precursory patterns with flexibility and high fidelity, considerably reducing the built time and process complexity.
Oriented Low‐n Ruddlesden‐Popper Formamidinium‐Based Perovskite for Efficient and Air Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Weiyu , Zeng Fang , Su Zhenhuang , Wang Tao , Qiao Liang , Ye Tianshi , Zhang Lin , Sun Ruitian , Barbaud Julien , Li Feng , Gao Xingyu , Zheng Rongkun , Yang Xudong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe relatively lower crystallinity and random orientation of quantum well structures hinder carrier transport and limit the performance of formamidinium (FA) based low‐n 2D perovskite devices. In this work, the crystallization and quantum well orientation are fine tuned to achieve efficient low‐n FA based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells. The effects of different ionic additives on the crystallization, orientation, and photovoltaic performance of FA based low‐n 2D perovskites are comparatively investigated. It is found that NH4+ and SCN− can significantly retard the heterogeneous crystallization of low‐n phases in the intermediate state, and drive the templated growth of quantum well structure with vertical orientation. The optimized photovoltaic device based on (BA)2(FA)3Pb4I13 achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.14%, setting the highest record for FA‐based low‐n 2D perovskite solar cells as far as it is known (average n = 4). The unencapsulated device exhibited excellent stability and maintained 93.3% of its original PCE at 85 °C, and 86.3% at 1 Sun illumination after 720 h in humid ambient condition.
Impact of academic medical center access on outcomes in multiple myeloma
Authors: Vardell Victoria A. , Ermann Daniel A. , Tantravahi Srinivas K. , Haaland Benjamin , McClune Brian , Godara Amandeep , Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Sborov Douglas W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTreatment at academic cancer centers (ACs) is associated with improved survival across hematologic malignancies, though the benefit in multiple myeloma (MM) has not been examined. This study aims to evaluate survival outcomes at Commission on Cancer accredited ACs compared to non‐academic centers (NACs) for patients receiving MM‐directed therapy. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify demographics and overall survival (OS) of MM patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2017 and to compare outcomes by facility type. Survival analysis was repeated in a propensity score matched cohort, with NACs matched 1:1 to ACs by age, race, comorbidity score, insurance, year of diagnosis, distance traveled, and income. Of 163 375 MM patients, 44.5% were treated at ACs. Patients at ACs were more likely to receive MM‐directed therapy compared to NACs (81% vs. 73%, p < .001). For patients receiving treatment, median OS at ACs was 71.3 months versus 41.2 months at NACs (p < .001). When adjusted for baseline demographics, patients treated at ACs had reduced mortality; hazard ratio (HR) 0.79 (95% CI 0.78–0.81, p < .001). The propensity score matched cohort maintained this survival benefit with a median OS of 59.9 months at ACs versus 37.0 months at NACs (p < .001), HR of 0.66 (95% CI 0.64–0.67, p < .001). ACs treated younger patients with fewer comorbidities and were more likely to treat racial minorities and patients with Medicaid or private insurance, and the uninsured. In this analysis, MM patients treated at ACs have significantly improved survival. While potentially related to access to specialized care, socioeconomic factors that drive facility selection may also contribute.
End‐stage renal disease incidence in a cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia
Authors: Pinkerton Lynne E. , Bertke Stephen , Dahm Matthew M. , Kubale Travis L. , Siegel Miriam R. , Hales Thomas R. , Yiin James H. , Purdue Mark P. , Beaumont James J. , Daniels Robert D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFirefighters perform strenuous work in hot environments, which may increase their risk of chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and types of ESRD among a cohort of US firefighters compared to the US general population, and to examine exposure–response relationships.MethodsESRD from 1977 through 2014 was identified through linkage with Medicare data. ESRD incidence in the cohort compared to the US population was evaluated using life table analyses. Associations of all ESRD, systemic ESRD, hypertensive ESRD, and diabetic ESRD with exposure surrogates (exposed days, fire runs, and fire hours) were examined in Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for attained age (the time scale), race, birth date, fire department, and employment duration.ResultsThe incidence of all ESRD was less than expected (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.69–0.89, observed = 247). SIRs for ESRD types were not significantly increased. Positive associations of all ESRD, systemic ESRD, and hypertensive ESRD with exposed days were observed: however, 95% confidence intervals included one.ConclusionsWe found little evidence of increased risk of ESRD among this cohort of firefighters. Limitations included the inability to evaluate exposure–response relationships for some ESRD types due to small observed numbers, the limitations of the surrogates of exposure, and the lack of information on more sensitive outcome measures for potential kidney effects.
Metabolic syndrome among commercial truck drivers: The relationship between condition prevalence and crashes
Authors: Lemke Michael K. , Thiese Matthew S. , Hege Adam , Ogbonnaya Uchenna C. , Hegmann Kurt T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is especially prevalent among US truck drivers. However, there has been limited research exploring associations between MetS conditions with roadway crashes among truck drivers. The objective of this paper is to assess relationships between specific combinations of individual MetS components and crashes and near‐misses.MethodsSurvey, biometric, and anthropometric data were collected from 817 truck drivers across 6 diverse US states. Survey data focused on demographics and roadway safety outcomes, and anthropometric/biometric data corresponded to five MetS conditions (waist circumference blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios of lifetime crashes and near‐miss 1‐month period prevalence associated with: 1) specific MetS conditions regardless of presence or absence of other MetS conditions, and 2) specific MetS conditions and counts of other accompanying MetS conditions.ResultsHypertension was the MetS characteristic most strongly associated with lifetime crash and 1‐month near‐miss outcomes, while high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and large waist circumference were most commonly present among groups of conditions associated with crashes and near‐misses. Overall, an increasing number of specific co‐occurring MetS conditions were associated with higher reporting of roadway crashes.ConclusionsSpecific combinations and higher prevalence of MetS conditions were associated with increased frequency of reported crashes. Moreover, when the co‐occurrence of MetS conditions is aggregated, a dose–response relationship with crashes appears. These results suggest that policy changes and interventions addressing MetS may increase driver health and reduce crash risk.
Rhinitis symptom in patients with self‐reported allergic rhinitis is influenced by sensitization pattern: A cross‐sectional study of China
Authors: Wu Liting , Zhang Teng , Luo Wenting , Zheng Xianhui , Zhang Hong , Ren Huali , Huang Dongming , Li Guoping , Wei Chunhua , Dong Linghua , Sun Xin , Zhang Rongfang , Wang Yi , Hu Peicun , Chen Yuemin , Zhao Qi , Hao Chuangli , Sun Baoqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by distinct clinical heterogeneity and allergic sensitization patterns. We aimed to quantify rhinitis symptoms in patients with self‐reported allergic rhinitis according to the potential sensitization patterns for relevant allergens in China.MethodsWe used latent class analysis (LCA; a subset of structural equation modeling) to independently cluster patients into different patterns of atopic sensitization in an unsupervised manner, based on specific immunoglobulin E tests. AR symptom severity was assessed by the visual analogue scale. We evaluated the association between the severity of AR and the allergen sensitization patterns.ResultsLCA revealed four phenotypes of atopic sensitization among 967 patients with self‐report AR. We labeled latent classes as: Class 1, weed pollens and indoor sensitization (n = 74 [7.7%]); Class 2, weed pollen with low indoor sensitization (n = 275 [28.4%]); Class 3, low or no sensitization (n = 350 [36.2%]); and Class 4, house dust mite‐dominated sensitization (n = 268 [27.7%]). AR was more severe in Class 2 compared to the other 3 classes, indicating that upper respiratory symptoms are more severe among patients with isolated seasonal rhinitis.ConclusionWe have identified four sensitization patterns in patients with self‐reported AR, which were associated with different clinical symptoms and comorbidities.
Anionen‐Einlagerungschemie organischer Kathoden für zweiwertige Metallbatterien mit hoher Energie und hoher Leistungsdichte
Authors: Xiu Yanlei , Mauri Anna , Dinda Sirshendu , Pramudya Yohanes , Ding Ziming , Diemant Thomas , Sarkar Abhishek , Wang Liping , Li Zhenyou , Wenzel Wolfgang , Fichtner Maximilian , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultivalente Batterien sind sehr vielversprechend für nachhaltige Energiespeicheranwendungen der nächsten Generation. Hier berichten wir über eine Polytriphenylamin (PTPAn)‐Verbundkathode, die in der Lage ist, Tetrakis(hexafluorisopropyloxy)borat [B(hfip)4]− Anionen in sowohl Magnesium‐ (Mg) als auch Calcium‐ (Ca) Batteriesystemen hochreversibel zu speichern. Spektroskopische und Computerstudien zeigen den Redoxreaktionsmechanismus des PTPAn‐Kathodenmaterials. Die Mg‐ und Ca‐Zellen weisen eine Zellspannung von ∼3 V, eine hohe Leistungsdichte von ∼3000 W kg−1 bzw. eine hohe Energiedichte von ∼300 Wh kg−1 auf. Darüber hinaus könnte die Kombination der PTPAn‐Kathode mit einer Anode aus einer Calcium‐Zinn‐Legierung (Ca−Sn) eine lange Batterielebensdauer von 3000 Zyklen bei einer Kapazitätserhaltung von 60 % ermöglichen. Die Anionenspeicherchemie in Verbindung mit dem elektrochemischen Doppelionenkonzept demonstriert einen neuen gangbaren Weg zu Hochleistungsbatterien mit zweiwertigen Ionen.