bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rekayasa Lingkungan Dan Valuasi Ekonomi Objek Wisata Air Terjun Kandua Raya Desa Kedang Ipil, Kecamatan Kota Bangun, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Ansahar Ansahar , Sinaga Yunita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The establishment of the village of Kedang Ipil as tourist village could not be separated from the presence of natural attractions in the form of Kandua Raya Waterfall that often become a destination vacation or recreation for the surrounding communities and region in particular communities of East kalimantan. This research is useful for manager or as reference for related party interested in the preparation of Kandua Raya tourism development. Data obtained either the primary data, secondary data and ancillary data are analyzed in a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative. The strategy of the development of nature tourism is in the SWOT analysis to maximize the strength and opportunities of development activities towards local communities, yet simultaneously also can minimize weakness and threats that are contained in it. Knowledge of the economic value ofÂ natural resources and the environment is important, both for the managers, the public, as well as the related agencies. The support of the relevant agencies and the positive attitude of the public is indispensable. Moreover, the road to accessibility to the site is still difficult. Need to repair the road Infrastructure. However, institutions involved and the determination of responsibility does not match the task.Keywords: Environment, waterfall, tourism
Analisis Pendapatan Bersih Usaha Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang Agian Di Tenggarong
Authors: Anggareni Aji Desilia , Suryadiansyah Aji , Hayati Nopi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the amount of net income received by the Agian Water Refill Drinking business in Tenggarong between the researchers and companies.The data used are gross income, labor costs, operational costs and overhead costs for 2016 and 2017. The analytical tool used is quantitative analysis of cost accounting and profitability methods.Based on the results of research on the Water Depot for Agian refill in Tenggarong, the following conclusions can be drawn:1. In 2016 net profit margin obtained by Drinking Water Depot Agian refill for the researcher version was 35.79% and in the company version 40.90% with a difference of 5.11%. In 2017 both the researcher and company versions experienced a decline in value of 30.68% and 35.98% for the company version.2. In 2016 Total Assets Turnover produced by Drinking Water Depots by the researcher version of Agian refills is 1.35 times and the company version is 1.35 times or both calculations are the same. In 2017 the researchers version of the total assets turnover was 1.03 times and the company version 1.03 aka the same but the second value of this calculation decreased when compared to 2016.3. In 2016 Earning Power produced by Drinking Water Depot Agian refills the researcher version 49.02% and company version 56.01% with a difference of 6.99%. In 2017 the researcher version value was 32.20% and the company version was 37.75%, or there was a 173% decrease compared to Earning Power produced in 2016.4. In 2016 the Return On Investment (ROI) generated by the Drinking Water Depot Agian refills the researcher's version of 48.53% and the company version 55.45% with a difference of 7%. In 2017 the researcher version of the Return On Investment (ROI) value was 31.87% and the company version was 37.38%. From this value the two calculation versions in 2017 still experience a decline in value compared to 2016.5. In 2011 the Return On Equity produced by Drinking Water Depots by the researcher version of Agian refills was 72.84% and the company's version yield was 83.24%. For the 2017 version the researcher version is 37.59% and the entrepreneur's version is 44.07% or when compared the results of 2017 are still lower than in 2016.6. Based on the description, and see the results of the calculation, it can be concluded that the results of the calculation of the company's version of the analysis there are striking differences or still higher than the version of the researcher so that the hypothesis proposed earlier was accepted because it proved the truth.Â Keywords: Net Income
Fetal kidney length as a useful adjunct parameter for determination of gestational age
Authors: Solanki Kunal , Shah Krunal , Desai Manav , Nagrani Siddharth 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Accurate gestational age assessment is important in obstetric care ultrasonography. Fetal kidney length is one of the emerging parameter in estimation of fetal gestational age in 3rd trimester. Objectives: Is to the ascertain the precision of ultrasonographic fetal kidney length measurement as a reliable parameter for determination of gestational age in 3rd trimester. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 152 antenatal women in the 3rd trimester. Gestational age was estimated by early fetal ultrasound measure and last menstrual period. Results: Mean kidney length showed a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.907 and a determination coefficient of 0.822 with GA. The test was significant at P < 0.05. Conclusions: This study confirms that the fetal kidney length measurement for estimating the gestational age accurately in the 3rd trimester.
Challenges of implementing the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program
Authors: Rahmadhani Wulan , Aprina Hardianti 
Published: June 2022

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a global health problem that needs to be addressed including prevention of hiv/AIDS transmission from mother to baby. Prevention of transmission is carried out by implementing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission program or PMTCT program. The PMTCT program is considered successful in reducing the risk of transmission from mother to baby, but it has not been implemented properly and thoroughly, various challenges occur in the implementation of the PMTCT program. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the results of previous research on the challenges of implementing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program. Method: The method used is literaturee review. In the first stage begins by doing article alignment using pubmed search engines and Google scholar. The keywords used in article searches are "PMTCT, HIV. Results: Challenges in the implementation of the PMTCT program include lack of information about ARV treatment, lack of family support, the severity of the workload experienced by health workers and the limited hiv testing equipment and drug stocks.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Perawatan Diri Dan Pemanfaatan Pengobatan Herbal Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Di Wilayah Kepulauan
Authors: Sukarna R Ade , Nazliansyah Nazliansyah , Purba Eva Dewi R. , Sinulingga Syamsul Rizal 
Published: June 2022

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan perawatan jangka panjang sehingga membutuhkan perawatan diri mandiri supaya tidak terjadi komplikasi dan kualitas hidup dapat meningkat. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan perawatan diri dan pemanfaatan pengobatan herbal pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Perawatan diri dengan pendekatan Diabetes Self Management Education(DSME) dan pemanfaatn ekstrak daun salam. Mitra adalah 25 penderita diabetes mellitus yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Tanjungpandan di Pulau Belitung. Kegiatan dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan dan mitra melakukan perawatan sesuai dengan panduan yang sudah dibuat termasuk mengkonsumsi ekstrat daun salam sebanyak 3 g sehari. Hasil setelah dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat, terdapat peningkatan rata-rata skor pengetahuan penderita DM tentang perawatan penyakit DM dan penggunaan obat herbal pada post test yaitu sebesar 75,2 dimana saat Pre-test pengetahuan 51,2 serta peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 32%. Hasil pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu dalam 8 kali pengukuran selama 1 bulan, ada72% rata-rata nilai gula darah normal.
October Revolution and Soviet Class Struggle Policy in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Altymyshova Zuhra 
Published: June 2022

In the middle of the XIX century, the territory of contemporary Kyrgyzstan was conquered by the Tsarist Russia. Later, in 1917, as a result of the October Revolution, the Tsarist regime was replaced by the Soviet rule. In the territory of Kyrgyzstan, it was established firstly in the southern and western regions of the country, such as Suluktu and Kyzyl-Kiya, Osh and Talas, where the largest industrial enterprises, mines, railway junctions and most of the workers and soldiers were concentrated. However, already by the mid 1918, the Soviet government managed to spread its power to the entire region of Kyrgyzstan.
In 1924, the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, established on April 30, 1918, was reorganized into a new administrative division. As the part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), on October 24, 1924 the Kara Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was formed. On May 25, 1925 the Kara Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was renamed into the Kyrgyz Autonomous Region. Then on February 01, 1926 it was restructured into the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On December 05, 1936 it became a separate constituent republic of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) known as the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic. Along with other 15 Soviet Socialist states, Kyrgyzstan had been the member of the USSR for about 70 years, from 1919 till 1991.
The current paper focuses on the processes of social transformation under the Soviet regime, especially the implementation of class struggle policy and its impact on Kyrgyzstan. In comparison with the interventions from the Tsarist Russia, the social transformation process undertaken under the Soviet system was quite different. In the territory of the Kyrgyz traditional society, the Tsarist Russia made only some social reorganization, but the Soviets brought radical changes in to the socio-political organizations of the Kyrgyz people. The paper seeks to understand how the Soviet Union tried to reconstruct the Kyrgyz society during the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, the paper will analyze the methods and mechanisms of the social transformation processes and the measures used by the Soviet government in their socio-political ‘battles’ against the local elites, and the influence of the new system on the existing socio-economic stratification in the context of the Kyrgyz society. During the Soviet period the prevalent scientific vision about the major historical events of the time was based on the Communist ideology. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to analyze and describe an objective overview of the history of Soviet class struggle policy. The paper is based on the research of local archival documents, published sources and oral materials.
A Critical Analysis of the Security Situation in Afghanistan
Authors: Masood Ur Rehman Khattak  , Summar Iqbal Babar  
Published: June 2022

Afghanistan is facing multipronged challenges mainly by the surge in Afghan Taliban insurgency, the emergence of Islamic State-Khurassan Province, fragile Afghan security forces, upsurge in Afghan Drug Trade and discord among Pakistan, Afghanistan and India. All these factors are responsible for the mayhem and turmoil in Afghanistan and would have far reaching implications for Pakistan and Central Asia. It is imperative for the regional and global powers to support reconciliation and negotiation process with Afghan Taliban and other reconcilable groups to settle this issue amicably and open the gates for cooperation and development in the region. India and Pakistan must end their proxy war, resolve their outstanding issues, and collectively work for the stability of Afghanistan. Moreover, Pakistan and Afghanistan must overcome their differences, settle the border dispute, secure the border and collectively work for the regional connectivity and collaboration. The United States of America, China, Russia and European Union must support Afghanistan in rebuilding and reconstruction. Politically and economically stable Afghanistan would connect the land locked Central Asian states with rest of the world and pave the way for better connectivity and economic development.
Area Studies: Nature and Scope
Authors: Khan Shabir Ahmad 
Published: June 2022

The paper briefly describes the nature and scope of the Area Studies. It highlights the relationship between Area Studies and other traditional disciplines of social sciences, humanities and arts. The “multidisciplinary lens” is essential for Area Studies because no single academic discipline is capable of capturing and conveying a full understanding of another nation, or society or culture’s Social Mechanisms. The Social Mechanisms comprising Structure and Super-structure can be political, legal, economic, educational, religious and anthropological etc., are study objects of various disciplines/sciences. These are interrelated systems and therefore are interdisciplinary. As these Social Mechanisms involve human beings/societies which in turn are objects of Area Studies and therefore Area Studies are multidisciplinary as well interdisciplinary. Various academic theories have been developed by human beings for the welfare of human beings. Area Studies own all academic theories because it provides the study object i.e. human beings/society, for the application of theories and therefore could not have its own specific theory or theories.
The paper also argues that the research approach and angle of study in Area Studies varies from country to country as per their national interests and bilateral relations. Area Studies need to build bridges between the disciplines of Area Studies and other departments or traditional disciplines in order to strengthen their disciplinary basis as well as interdependence. It is imperative because Area Studies are needed for disciplines as much as disciplines are needed for Area Studies.
Afghanistan Imbroglio: Impact on the Central Asian States
Authors: Iqbal Sajid , Rauf Sarwat 
Published: June 2022

This paper attempts to find the dynamism in Afghanistan’s relations with Central Asian states. It is explained that prosperity without security is not possible and ongoing imbroglio in Afghanistan is directly affecting Central Asian states. The Central Asian states are surrounded by China, Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran. These states (with significant influence of India and Turkey) are the key regional players and their socio-economic and political interests are converged on various issues. The political conditions in Afghanistan would directly impact the interests of Central Asian states. Drug trafficking, illegal migration, religious extremism, a ramified corrupt network, porous border and terrorism are subverting peace in Afghanistan and its spillover effects are dangerous for Central Asian states. The military and security situation in Afghanistan has a direct impact on the production and transport of energy from Central Asia to the rest of the world. The response of the regional organizations, particularly the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), with certain commonalities, towards these issues often contrasts with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This paper focuses on the efforts of major powers (Russia, China, and the US) along with neighbouring countries in the peacebuilding in Afghanistan to avoid its spillover effects over Central Asian states.
How Experience Becomes a Journalistic Asset? A Local Reporter’s Perspective to Understand Conflict-sensitive Reporting in the Troubled Pashtun Belt of Pakistan
Authors: Ashraf Irfan 
Published: June 2022

In a previous paper (in Press), we adopted a critical theory approach to argue that the model of objective journalism, while laying emphasis on neutrality and detachment, disconnects local reporters, in conflict scenario, from feeling the pain of their own ethnic community. Therefore, the objectivity model was found too simple to help ethnic Pashtun journalists know occupational intricacies of conflict-sensitive reporting in Pakistan’s northwestern terror-hit areas, a site for the U.S-led so-called global war on terror. Using phenomenology as a method, I take this argument further and offer my shared journalistic experience as a resource to establish that objectivity obfuscates power politics involved in text production while promoting an ahistorical culture. This is done through objectifying the local reporter’s relationship with the troubled site of occurrence (field), a relationship in which a reporter is made insensitive to his own presence as an ethnic body standing at a highly militarized political site to get him focused more on looking at reality through the detached lens of neutral observer. Objectify here means that they look at reality not from the human perspective but usually prefer to project aspects of reality using objectivity as a measuring rod to access facts. Using the commercial framework of objective reporting might give a text (news story) an economically-desired impersonal form. But the urge for neutrality and impartiality neither can solve the crisis of reporting nor can control a journalist’s bias by discouraging his/her feelings, emotions, and subjectivity. In Pakistan, local reporters not only provide gory spectacles of a conflict which has, according to official figures, consumed over 50,000 lives and displaced millions predominantly in the Pashtun Belt; but the journalists also are getting increasingly vulnerable to violence. This paper argues that neutrality is a challenge in conflict reporting on one’s own community much the same way as attachment is a sin in objective model of commercial journalism.
The Application of International Human Rights Law to the Issues Faced by the Refugees in General and Afghans in Particular
Authors: Zubair Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

The article considers human rights application as an alternative to such situations where a nation-state is not a signatory to the international refugees’ law nor has any domestic arrangements for the refugees on their soil due to which they are living in a legal limbo. While the initial perception about human rights and refugee law was that both of these areas are divisions of public international law completely separate from one another, but now it is well established that the interaction between these is multifaceted as demonstrated at nation-state level and academic writings.
Whether refugees’ rights are human rights? A query like this may be a challenging task in contemporary environment, when there are frequent incidents of refugees’ mistreatments on the pretext of restrictive policies related to them. António Guterres, has observed that “the human rights agenda out of which United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was born, and on which we depend, is increasingly coming under strain. The international economic crisis brought with it a populist wave of
China Pakistan Economic Corridor:
Authors: Parveen Saima , Shah Syed Akhtar Ali 
Published: June 2022

In the changing regional geo-political scenario China, Pakistan and other regional countries are set to play a vital role in the emerging regional economic corridor. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as part of “One Belt, One Road” grand strategy connect countries with China through economic collaboration extending from South East Asia to the Europe through maritime and land routes comprised of emerging markets of Africa and Middle East energy resources.
This paper has investigated the significance of CPEC in parlance of theoretical framework of complex interdependence because the phenomenon of interdependence has tied state and non-state entities in economic and strategic dimensions. Regional connectivity results from systematic, upgraded and need-based interaction in perspective of CPEC for socio-economic, industrial, energy and trade development.
CPEC is important not only for Pakistan and China but also for the other regional countries such as Afghanistan, Central Asian Republics, Iran and India. As international and regional politics follows interest’s game hence CPEC has also become matter of concerns for both regional and international players which has been amply illustrated by this research. These concerns are followed by arguments that CPEC may be seen in a broader perspective of interdependency with emphasis on strategic and economic dimensions guaranteeing regional connectivity and integration.
CPEC can serve as a main trade avenue not only for China and Pakistan but for Central Asian Republics, Afghanistan, Iran and India as well. This study has argued that CPEChas the potential of becoming an energy transit corridor for growing economies. It has advantagesfor India also in form of improved infrastructure, communication and access to CARs market. Simultaneously it imparts an opportunity of flourishing and trade to the Afghanistan’s industries. Iran can also have benefit by ensuring Chabahar port outstretched to CPEC.
CPEC has potential geopolitical risks as hostile environment of South Asia and the respective power rivalry and policy shift of world powers towards this region as manifested by the US pivot to Asia and the former concern over Chinese presence in the Arabian Sea in Asian region, Gulf states considering of Gwadar Port as rival port, Indian opposition of CPEC by arguing that it passes through Pakistan’s held Kashmir on which India has also claim.
China and Pakistan in order to escape proxy tussle in Baluchistan need to settle Indian apprehension about the project, Confidence Building Measures (CBM) must be incorporated in order to promote closer ties with Afghanistan, Pakistan must attempt for having stable relations with Iran in order to overcome impediments to the CPEC success. By making CPEC a reality the benefits will be reaped by whole region and the very enmity of India with Pakistan and China can be turned into mutual beneficial economic relations. If India becomes a partner in the project then certainly the concerns of India will be settled down.
Pakistan’s Role in the Social Reconstruction of Afghanistan in the Post 9/11 Era
Authors: Khan Alamgir , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

Afghanistan has been under a state of war for the past few decades. Wars and the ensuing destruction in the region have badly affected the socio-economic and security environment of the country. The situation in Afghanistan has been equally alarming to the neighboring states, particularly for Pakistan which shares its longest porous border with this war torn country. Cognizant to this fact Pakistan not only fully supported the NATO forces to stem the looming threat of Al -Qaeda and Taliban but have also taken serious interest in the social reconstruction of Afghanistan. The primary focus of this paper is to highlight the role of Pakistan with respect to the social reconstruction of Afghanistan. Here the term “social” broadly employs to some important social sectors of Afghanistan such as communication, health, education, and the hosting of Afghan refugees as well as the nurturing of Afghan businessmen in Pakistan and their contribution to the Afghan socio-economic development. The paper at hand argues that Pakistan, due to its geographical proximity and ethnic similarity with Afghan Pashtun can play significant role in the social reconstruction of Afghanistan. Pakistan’s performance in this regard can become more effective if her own security concerns regarding the involvement of hostile countries in Afghanistan are properly addressed by the international community.