bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitness consequences of host colonization in two generalist fleas: Context‐dependency and the effect of spatial co‐occurrence
Authors: Stavtseva Nadezhda A. , Fielden Laura J. , Khokhlova Irina S. , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe studied the fitness consequences of colonizing a novel host by experimental lines of fleas (Synosternus cleopatrae and Xenopsylla ramesis) maintained for 18–22 generations on the principal or novel (sympatric or allopatric) hosts via number, developmental success and size of the offspring of the fleas exploiting these hosts. We asked whether (a) fitness on non‐principal hosts increases after prolonged maintenance; (b) the colonization success depends on the spatial co‐occurrence of a flea and a host and (c) colonization of a novel host is accompanied by a decreased ability to exploit an original host. The ability of fleas to colonize novel hosts differed between species, with S. cleopatrae, but not X. ramesis, increasing its offspring production on novel hosts. Spatial co‐occurrence did not affect colonization success. Maintenance on an alternative host was not accompanied by decreased adaptation to the original host. When fleas returned to the original host, their reproductive output was higher than that of their ancestors. We conclude that the success of colonizing a novel host is (a) context‐dependent and varies between flea and host species and (b) not accompanied by the loss of ability to exploit an ancestral host but may lead to an increase in this ability.
Discursive trajectories in the making of Amhara identity in Ethiopia
Authors: Yetena Yared Debebe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Ethiopia after 1991, ethnic identities are the fundamental governing principles of politics. Not only has the process provided the institutional basis, but it has also created ethnic groups in a variety of ways. The discursive construction of Amhara identity in Ethiopia is the topic of this research. For a long time, the Amhara have identified as Ethiopians. The Amhara have been portrayed as the opponent of Ethiopia's Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (NNPs) since the second part of the 20th century, according to the hegemonic discourse of national oppression. Anti‐Amhara sentiment, on the other hand, may be traced back to the Italian colonial period (1936–1941). Until recently, being and becoming Amhara was constructed from the outside and challenged from within. As a result, the characteristics of an ethnic political system that ushered in the post‐1991 era, continued demonisation and societal fears all play a role in the formation of Amhara identity. As a ‘cultural security policy’, embracing Amharaness has become a route out of these predicaments. Amharaness emerges from a counter‐narrative that resurrects historical and symbolic myths.
Emotion dysregulation and eating disorder outcome: Prediction, change and contribution of self‐image
Authors: Monell Elin , Clinton David , Birgegård Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesEating disorders (EDs) are severe disorders with unsatisfactory outcome. Emotion dysregulation and self‐image are suggested maintenance factors; this study examined emotion dysregulation as potential predictor and/or mechanism of change in relation to ED outcome, and associations between change in emotion dysregulation and self‐image in relation to outcome.DesignRegistry data from initial and 1‐year follow‐up assessments for 307 patients with a wide range of EDs in specialized ED treatment were used.MethodsInitial and change (∆) in emotion dysregulation were examined as predictors of 1‐year outcome. Direct and indirect associations between ∆emotion dysregulation and ∆self‐image as either independent variable or mediator in relation to ∆ED psychopathology as dependent were also examined.ResultsHigher initial emotion dysregulation was weakly associated with higher follow‐up ED psychopathology, but not remission, while relative increase in emotion dysregulation was associated with both higher follow‐up psychopathology and increased risk of still having a diagnosis. Change in emotion dysregulation primarily had an indirect effect (through change in self‐image), while change in self‐image had a direct effect, on change in ED psychopathology improvement (such that improvement in one was associated with improvement in the other).ConclusionsResults identify emotion dysregulation as a potential mechanism of change in relation to ED outcome. However, this association was mainly mediated by change in self‐image. Results indicate that, in order to improve emotion regulation as a means to reduce ED psychopathology, improving self‐image is essential.
On “Finishing”
Authors: Mc Loughlin Eimear , Casey John 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis visual memoir probes the tensions and contradictions that inflect the commodity‐based relationship between a farmer and his cattle on an Irish farm. A methodological exploration of how to attend to the politics of care that animate multispecies relationships on the farm, this article examines relations of intimacy, care, and contradiction materialized in the structural manipulation of bodies for economic purposes. The attentive focus on the everyday encounters between John and his cattle unearths how affective and conflicting multispecies entanglements mediate the farming of animals for food through rhythms of care, the spirit of the gift, and the logic of sacrifice.
Cortical control of striatal fast‐spiking interneuron synchrony
Authors: McKeon Paige N. , Bunce Garrett W. , Patton Mary H. , Chen Rong , Mathur Brian N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInhibitory fast‐spiking interneurons in the dorsal striatum regulate actions and action strategies, including habits. Fast‐spiking interneurons are widely believed to synchronize their firing due to the electrical synapses formed between these neurons. However, neuronal modelling data suggest convergent cortical input may also drive synchrony in fast‐spiking interneuron networks. To better understand how fast‐spiking interneuron synchrony arises, we performed dual whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology experiments to inform a simple Bayesian network modelling cortico‐fast‐spiking interneuron circuitry. Dual whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology revealed that while responsivity to corticostriatal input activation was high in fast‐spiking interneurons, few of these neurons exhibited electrical coupling in adult mice. In simulations of a cortico‐fast‐spiking interneuron network informed by these data, the degree of glutamatergic cortical convergence onto fast‐spiking interneurons significantly increased fast‐spiking interneuron synchronization while manipulations of electrical coupling between these neurons exerted relatively little impact. These results suggest that the primary source of functional coordination of fast‐spiking interneuron activity in adulthood arises from convergent corticostriatal input activation.Key points
Electrical synapses between striatal fast‐spiking interneurons in adult mice occur in ∼8% of assayed pairs.
Coincident, convergent cortical input onto fast‐spiking interneurons significantly contributes to fast‐spiking interneuron synchrony.
Electrical synapses between fast‐spiking interneurons provide only minor enhancement of fast‐spiking interneuron synchrony.
These results suggest a mechanism by which adult mouse fast‐spiking interneurons of the striatum synchronize in the face of declining expression of the electrical synapse‐forming connexin‐36 protein.
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Sequestration in Organic-Rich Shales: Nanoscale Insights into Adsorption and Transport Mechanisms
Authors: Alafnan Saad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shales are clastic sedimentary rocks consisting mainly of clays, quartz, calcite, and fragments of organic matters. The latter is present as finely dispersed inclusions within the shale matrix. Organic matters, also known as kerogen, are microstructures with their petrophysics being characteristically different from other constituents in the shale matrix. Despite their existence as micro- and nanoscale constituents, kerogen is capable of storing a significant amount of gas in the sorbed form due to its relatively large surface area. Kerogen can be created on a computational platform to delineate crucial reservoir aspects such as porosity, pore size distribution, adsorption behavior, and self-diffusivity. Kerogen's characteristics were found to be characteristically different from typical sedimentary rocks. These properties are crucial in the assessment of kerogen's storing capacity. In this study, several kerogen prototypes were formed to evaluate the microporous media of organic-rich shales for their potential of sequestrating greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide. To add to the discourse on the kerogen assessment, a concise review of the well-known storage and transport models was summarized and presented. These models are different from the classical ones applied to the typical porous media. Additional parameters accounting for the non-Darcian transport and the storage of sorbed fluid are used.
A Comprehensive Review on Analytical Formulations of Wind Turbine Wake Models and Future Scope in the Development of Wind Farms of Assorted Configurations
Authors: Siram Ojing , Kumar Ravi , Saha Ujjwal K. , Sahoo Niranjan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Of late, the design and development of large and small wind farms are gaining importance to meet the growing energy demand. In this aspect, several wind turbine wake models have been proposed over the years, some of which are the legacy of Jensen, Larsen, Lissaman, Frandsen, and Ainslie wake models. Despite their robustness, the analytical formulations of these models are widely explored as research tools for estimating the performance of wind farms. However, because of several limitations and assumptions like top-hat shape, Gaussian profile, axisymmetric, negligible atmospheric boundary layer effect, and others, these models often overestimate the flow characteristics. In view of this, there is always a scope for developing better correlations to predict the performance of wind farms more accurately. This article gives a conspectus of various wind turbine wake models that have evolved over the years and then recommends some conceptual wind farm designs of assorted configurations.
Ambient Temperature and Field-Based Cycling Performance: Insights From Male and Female Professional Cyclists
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L. , Mateo-March Manuel , Zabala Mikel , Muriel Xabier , Lucia Alejandro , Barranco-Gil David , Pallarés Jesús G. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Ambient temperature affects endurance exercise performance. However, most research has been conducted in a laboratory-based setting, and whether there are sex-specific trends remains unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of ambient temperature on cycling performance in male and female professional cyclists using field-based data collected during both training and racing. Methods: A total of 74 cyclists (48 male and 26 female; age 29 [5] y, 8 [5] y of experience in the professional category) were included in the analyses. We registered the participants’ record power profile using data from both training and competitions over 8 years (2013–2020; 8 [5] seasons per cyclist). We analyzed their mean maximal power (MMP) values attained for efforts lasting 5 seconds, 30 seconds, 5 minutes, and 20 minutes at ambient temperatures ranging from <5°C to >35°C. Results: A significant influence of ambient temperature on MMP values was found in male and female cyclists (P < .001 for both), with no significant differences between sexes (P = .512). Cyclists attained the highest MMP values at temperate conditions (10–30°C in males and 5–25°C in females), whereas an impairment in performance was found at colder and hotter temperatures, particularly for the more extreme conditions (performance impairment at <5°C and >35°C of −18% to −9% and −16% to −9%, respectively). Conclusions: Ambient temperature influences field-based cycling performance, following a reverse U-shaped relationship, with the highest MMP values attained in the range of ∼10°C to 25°C and with no major differences between sexes.
Variations of Electron Fluxes in the Outer Radiation Belt: Influence of High-Latitude Traps in the Dayside Cusps
Authors: Kropotkin A. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bifurcation of the drift trajectory of an energetic particle, which occurs near the daytime magnetopause, transfers it from the equatorial region to high-latitude zones located in the vicinity of the dayside magnetospheric cusps. With strong rearrangements of the magnetospheric field occurring during a magnetic storm, the approach of the drift trajectory to the dayside magnetopause, leading to the loss of particles from the belt (“dropout”) upon crossing it, also gives rise to the simultaneous exit of the near-equatorial drift trajectory into the bifurcation zone. The processes of violation of adiabatic invariants occurring in this case should lead to the exchange of particles between high-latitude traps and the near-equatorial trapping zone. These effects should be taken into account in further modeling of variations in the outer radiation belt in the course of a magnetic storm, carried out in relation to individual storms.
Metabolic dysfunction-related liver disease as a risk factor for cancer
Authors: Taylor Alasdair , Siddiqui Moneeza K , Ambery Philip , Armisen Javier , Challis Benjamin G , Haefliger Carolina , Pearson Ewan R , Doney Alex S F , Dillon John F , Palmer Colin N A 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between obesity, diabetes and metabolic related liver dysfunction and the incidence of cancer.DesignThis study was conducted with health record data available from the National Health Service in Tayside and Fife. Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside, Scotland (GoDARTS), Scottish Health Research Register (SHARE) and Tayside and Fife diabetics, three Scottish cohorts of 13 695, 62 438 and 16 312 patients, respectively, were analysed in this study. Participants in GoDARTS were a volunteer sample, with half having type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). SHARE was a volunteer sample. Tayside and Fife diabetics was a population-level cohort. Metabolic dysfunction-related liver disease (MDLD) was defined using alanine transaminase measurements, and individuals with alternative causes of liver disease (alcohol abuse, viruses, etc) were excluded from the analysis.ResultsMDLD associated with increased cancer incidence with a HR of 1.31 in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for sex, type 2 diabetes, body mass index(BMI), and smoking status (95% CI 1.27 to 1.35, p<0.0001). This was replicated in two further cohorts, and similar associations with cancer incidence were found for Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Homozygous carriers of the common non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk-variant PNPLA3 rs738409 had increased risk of cancer. (HR=1.27 (1.02 to 1.58), p=3.1×10−2). BMI was not independently associated with cancer incidence when MDLD was included as a covariate.ConclusionMDLD, FLI, FIB-4 and NASH associated with increased risk of cancer incidence and death. NAFLD may be a major component of the relationship between obesity and cancer incidence.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for children with dysphagia: a systematic review
Authors: Propp Roni , Gill Peter J , Marcus Sherna , Ren Lily , Cohen Eyal , Friedman Jeremy , Mahant Sanjay 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesDysphagia in childhood has important health impacts for the child and their family as well as the healthcare system. This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia in children.MethodsA search was performed on November 2020 in MEDLINE (from 1946), EMBASE (from 1947), PsycINFO (from 1806), CINAHL (from 1937), CENTRAL (from 1996) and Scopus (from 1970) databases. Studies of children (≤18 years) diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia using NMES in the throat/neck region were included. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and a modified Newcastle-Ottawa assessment for observational studies. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to clinical heterogeneity in studies.ResultsTen studies were included (5 RCTs, 4 case series, 1 cohort study; including 393 children, mean or median age below 7 years, including children with neurologic impairments). In all studies, swallowing function improved after NMES treatment. The standardised mean difference (SMD) for improvement of swallowing dysfunction in treatment compared with control groups in the RCTs ranged from 0.18 (95% CI −0.7 to 1.06) to 1.49 (95% CI 0.57 to 2.41). Eight of 10 studies reported on the child’s feeding ability, and, with one exception, there was improvement in feeding ability. Few studies reported on health status (N=2), impact on caregiver (N=1), adverse events and harms (N=2), and child’s quality of life (N=1). In most studies, outcome follow-up was less than 6 months. The studies demonstrated moderate to high risk of bias.ConclusionsNMES treatment may be beneficial in improving swallowing function for children with dysphagia, however, given the quality of the studies, inadequate outcome reporting, and short follow-up duration, uncertainty remains. Well-designed RCTs are needed to establish its effectiveness before its adoption in clinical practice.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019147353.
Long-term complications of unintentional dural puncture during labor epidural analgesia: a case–control study
Authors: Lacombe Alexandre , Downey Kristi , Ye Xiang Y , Carvalho Jose C A 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionEpidural analgesia is the preferred method to manage pain during labor and delivery. The insertion of the epidural catheter can be complicated by unintentional dural puncture that may result in postdural puncture headache. There is limited evidence on the long-term implications of this complication. We sought to investigate if women who sustained a dural puncture have a higher risk of developing chronic headache, low back pain and visual or auditory impairment.MethodsWe conducted a 1:1 case–control study with women who delivered at our institution from January 2015 to December 2019. Cases were women who received epidural analgesia and sustained an unintentional dural puncture, and controls were women who received epidural analgesia but did not sustain such complication. We matched cases and controls for date of delivery, age, and body mass index. All women completed an online survey with validated questionnaires for diagnosis of chronic headache and chronic back pain. We used dichotomic (yes/no) questions to look for the presence of chronic visual and auditory impairment.ResultsSixty-three case–control pairs were studied. Women who sustained a dural puncture during their epidural catheter insertion had a higher risk of developing chronic headache (14.3%, vs 4.8%, p=0.057, adjusted OR (AOR): 3.67 (95% CI 1.05 to 12.82)) and chronic back pain (39.7% vs 19.1%, p=0.009, AOR: 2.67 (95% CI 1.25 to 5.72)) than women who did not sustain a dural puncture. The incidence of chronic auditory impairment was also higher in the dural puncture group (14.3% vs 1.6%, p=0.01, AOR: 9.98 (95% CI 1.21 to 82.62)).ConclusionsAn unintentional dural puncture during epidural catheter insertion in parturients is associated with increased risk of chronic headache, back pain and auditory impairment.
A path-based approach to analyzing the global liner shipping network
Authors: LaRock Timothy , Xu Mengqiao , Eliassi-Rad Tina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe maritime shipping network is the backbone of global trade. Data about the movement of cargo through this network comes in various forms, from ship-level Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, to aggregated bilateral trade volume statistics. Multiple network representations of the shipping system can be derived from any one data source, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. In this work, we examine data in the form of liner shipping service routes, a list of walks through the port-to-port network aggregated from individual shipping companies by a large shipping logistics database. This data is inherently sequential, in that each route represents a sequence of ports called upon by a cargo ship. Previous work has analyzed this data without taking full advantage of the sequential information. Our contribution is to develop a path-based methodology for analyzing liner shipping service route data, computing navigational trajectories through the network that both respect the directional information in the shipping routes and minimize the number of cargo transfers between routes, a desirable property in industry practice. We compare these paths with those computed using other network representations of the same data, finding that our approach results in paths that are longer in terms of both network and nautical distance. We further use these trajectories to re-analyze the role of a previously-identified structural core through the network, as well as to define and analyze a measure of betweenness centrality for nodes and edges.
Analysis and Correlation of Visual Evidence in Campaigns of Malicious Office Documents
Authors: Casino Fran , Totosis Nikolaos , Apostolopoulos Theodoros , Lykousas Nikolaos , Patsakis Constantinos 
Published: March 2022

Many malware campaigns use Microsoft (MS) Office documents as droppers to download and execute their malicious payload. Such campaigns often use these documents because MS Office is installed on billions of devices and that these files allow the execution of arbitrary VBA code. Recent versions of MS Office prevent the automatic execution of VBA macros, so malware authors try to convince users into enabling the content via images that, e.g., forge system or technical errors.
In this article, we propose a mechanism to extract and analyse the different components of the files, including these visual elements, and construct lightweight signatures based on them. These visual elements are used as input for a text extraction pipeline which, in combination with the signatures, is able to capture the intent of MS Office files and the campaign they belong to. We test and validate our approach using an extensive database of malware samples, obtaining an accuracy above 99% in the task of distinguishing between benign and malicious files. Furthermore, our signature-based scheme allowed us to identify correlations between different campaigns, illustrating that some campaigns are either using the same tools or collaborating between them.