bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton fibers in a ternary solvent system with different reactive dye chemistry
Authors: Wang Aming , Sheng Dan , Zhang Chunhua , Gong Junyao , Fu Zhuan , Wang Yunli , Li Wenbin , Xia Liangjun , Xu Weilin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Reactive dye chemistry plays a crucial role in the dyeing of cotton fibers. Herein, to provide insight on the adaptability of salt-free reactive dyeing for sustainable environmental development, the effect of dye chemistry on the dyeing properties of cotton fibers in the proposed EtOH–CCl4–H2O ternary solvent system was investigated in detail. Twelve commonly used reactive dyes were selected as representative dyes and applied to cotton yarns based on their reactive groups, molecular weights, chromophores, and sulfonate groups. Compared with the conventional aqueous dyeing method, almost all reactive dyes showed an enhanced dyeing performance in the EtOH–CCl4–H2O (55:40:5) mixture. Dyeing results of cotton yarns indicated that the investigated copper phthalocyanine dyes and azo dyes are suitable dye categories for dyeing in the EtOH–CCl4–H2O mixture. This study may offer a theoretical strategy for the industrial-scale production of cotton fibers using the developed solvent assisted dyeing technology. The organic solvents recovery will be carried out in the future study.
Room temperature persisting surface current driven by
intense terahertz electric fields in a topological Insulator
Authors: Wang Jigang , Luo L , Cheng D , Yang X , Vaswani Chirag , Mootz Martin , Yao Yong-Xin , Perakis Ilias , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska Margret , Frudyna J , Juang C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Topologically-protected surface current is highly promising for next-generation low-dissipation
and disorder-tolerant electronics and computing. Yet, electric transport from co-existing
bulk state dominates responses of Dirac surface state, especially at the elevated temperatures
relevant for technological applications. Here, we demonstrate a compelling scheme to
generate, disentangle, and control long-lasting surface transport at room temperature in a
model topological insulator Bi2Se3. By using pump-probe modulation spectroscopy under
ultrabroadband driving tunable from 4 meV to 1.55 eV, we underpin the terahertz (THz)
field-induced surface currents by discovering their initial temporal responses dominant over high density trivial bulk carriers. Strikingly, these surface currents persist more than a longlived ~5 ps and amplify by reducing pump photon energy. The dynamics and lifetime of the
distinct surface current manifest themselves as the pump-induced THz transmission, which
directly correlates with the transient negative THz conductivity. Increasing THz driving
field reduces the surface current lifetime and identifies, particularly, an optimal pump field
Es~224 kV/cm for generating the dominant surface transport relative to the bulk. This
surface current dominant regime is suppressed by a joint effect of enhanced surface-bulk
scattering and faster surface carrier saturation than the bulk that sets in above Es. The
room temperature topological current controllable by pump photon energy shown provides
compelling extensions to other topological complex materials including chiral semimetals,
superconductors, and magnets.
Early Predictive Value of the Electrocardiogram Combined with Q-SOFA Score for the Prognosis of Acute Poisoning Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Li Wenwen , Yin Ran , Li Mengxuan , Jin Yili , Chen Wenbin , Tang Yahui , Xia Yu , Zhi Shaoce , Hong Guangliang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute poisoning is a worldwide and frequently occurring disease, endangering millions of people and leading to ten thousands of deaths every year. Early effective evaluation and appropriate treatment are the key to improve the clinical outcomes. However, early accurate assessment of the conditions in patients with acute poisoning is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the utility of electrocardiogram (ECG) combined with quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (q-SOFA) score as early prognostic predictors in acute poisoning patients. Methods: The clinical data of acute poisoning patients were collected from 2016 to 2022 in a regional medical center. The statistical analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors related to prognosis based on their ECG. And the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of ECG combined with q-SOFA. Results: Among the 572 patients, 119 patients belonged to the survived group and 453 patients belonged to the died. ECG abnormalities were detected in 71.3% of survivors and 88.2% of dead (p＜0.05). One variable analysis revealed that heart rate (HR), ECG axis, PR intervals, RV5, R+S, and ST-T change (all p＜0.05) of ECG had significant differences in the prognosis of patients between two groups. Multifactorial logistic results showed that HR (OR=1.035, 95%CI 1.026~1.044) and QTc (OR=1.013, 95%CI 1.007~1.019) were independent risk factors for death. ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the cure (AUC) of ECG was 0.777 (95%CI 0.728~0.827), q-SOFA score was 0.736 (95%CI 0.684~0.787), PSS score was 0.617 (95%CI 0.558~0.677), and the prediction model constructed based on HR, QTc and q-SOFA score was 0.808 (95%CI 0.763~0.852), with the best diagnostic accuracy (50.4%). Conclusion: ECG combined with q-SOFA is a useful early predictor of poor outcome in acute poisoning patients. It has better accuracy and certain feasibility compared with PSS score.
Videos of demonstration versus text and image-based material for pre-skill conceptualisation in flipped newborn resuscitation training for medical students: a pilot study
Authors: Yoosoof Farah , Liyanage Indika , de Silva Ranjith , Samaraweera Savindra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe flipped skills lab is a student-centred approach which incorporates pre-class preparation (pre-skill conceptualization) followed by repeated, hands-on practice for practical skills training. Objective measures of skills acquisition in the flipped literature are few and conflicting. The importance of pre-skill conceptualization in flipped skills training suggests that pedagogically informed pre-skill conceptualization can enhance outcomes.MethodsA mixed quasi-experimental study was conducted on 41 final year medical students who followed a flipped newborn resuscitation skills lab. Pre-class preparatory material covered conceptual and procedural knowledge. Students in the traditional group (n=19) and those in the experimental group (n=22) received identical reading material covering conceptual knowledge. Procedural knowledge was shared as demonstration videos to the experimental group, while the traditional group received a PowerPoint presentation with text and images covering the same material. Knowledge acquisition was assessed by 20 single best answer questions before and after hands-on practice in the skills lab and skill performance was tested post-intervention with a simulated scenario. Students’ perceptions were collected by survey. Quantitative data was analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Mann-Whitney test as appropriate. Qualitative data was analysed by thematic analysis.ResultsOverall student rating of the intervention was positive with ratings of 4.54 and 4.46 out of 5 by the traditional group and the experimental group respectively. Post-intervention skill performance in the experimental group was significantly better (p<.05) in the experimental group (M=87.86%, SD=5.89) than in the traditional group (M=83.44, SD=5.30) with a medium effect size (r=.40). While both groups showed significant knowledge gains, only students in the experimental group showed a statistically significant gain in procedural knowledge (p<.05) following the flipped skills lab. Finally, while both groups self-reported feeling more knowledgeable and confident following the intervention, the level of confidence was superior in the experimental group.ConclusionsFlipping the skills lab with pre-skill conceptualisation combining text-based conceptual knowledge and video-based procedural knowledge followed by simulation-based hands-on practice improves procedural knowledge and skills acquisition in newborn resuscitation training for medical students. This study shows that in addition to temporal benefits, pedagogically informed pre-skill conceptualization can confer procedure-specific cognitive and emotional benefits supporting skills acquisition.
Mining Indoor Landmark Based on Crowd Sensing Schema
Authors: Guo Yingying , Wang Licai , Kang Xu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For crowd sensing applications, the inaccuracy and conflict of reported samples, commonly caused by untrained participants and heterogeneous mobile devices, have received more and more attention. Given this, constructing a high-quality indoor bluetooth signal map and motion state map via crowd sensing is very challenging. In this paper, we design a robust indoor bluetooth signal map construction scheme, named by BiMCS. This is accomplished through a family of robust estimation and enhances the quality of a bluetooth signal map construction via crowd sensing. For heterogeneous devices, we use a linear robust estimation technique to map the signal strength scanned by different users into a uniform space. We also alleviate the negative influence of outliers and detect the abnormal participants by utilizing the multivariate robust statistics on the signal information uploaded by different users. While relying on the self-learning and self-judging to improve the quality of the indoor motion state map. Specifically, we translate the continuous motion information into a scalar value about the motion state through the internal comparison, which also effectively resolves the problem of diversity in mobile devices. Finally, we implement an Android-based system for constructing the indoor bluetooth signal map and motion state map as well as conduct extensive experiments under an indoor environment. The experimental results validate the enhancement of the constructed bluetooth signal map by the proposed BiMCS, additionally verifying the high accuracy in estimating the motion state of participants.
Classification of electrically-evoked compound action potentials in the parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus region
Authors: Rosing Joshua , Doyle Alex , Brinda AnneMarie , Blumenfeld Madeline , Lecy Emily , Spencer Chelsea , Dao Joan , Krieg Jordan , Wilmerding Kelton , Sullivan Disa , Best Sendréa , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Wang Jing , Johnson Luke , Vitek Jerrold , Johnson Matthew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) generated in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) contain features that may be useful for titrating deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Delivering a strong therapeutic effect with DBS therapies, however, relies on selectively targeting neural pathways to avoid inducing side effects. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal features of ECAPs in and around the STN across parameter sweeps of stimulation current amplitude, pulse width, and electrode configuration, and used a linear classifier of ECAP responses to predict electrode location. Four non-human primates were implanted unilaterally with either a directional (n = 3) or non-directional (n = 1) DBS lead targeting the sensorimotor STN. ECAP responses were characterized by primary features (within 1.6 ms after a stimulus pulse) and secondary features (between 1.6–7.4 ms after a stimulus pulse). Using these ECAP features, a linear classifier was able to accurately differentiate electrodes within the STN versus dorsal to the STN in all four subjects. ECAP responses varied systematically with recording and stimulating electrode locations, which provides a subject-specific neuroanatomical basis for selecting electrode configurations in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with DBS therapy.
An unbiased kinship estimation method
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Siting , Song Shuang , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Accurate estimate of relatedness is important for genetic data analyses, such asheritability estimation and association mapping based on data collected fromgenome-wide association studies. Inaccurate relatedness estimates may lead tobiased heritability estimations and spurious associations. Individual-level genotypedata are often used to estimate kinship coefficient between individuals. Thecommonly used sample correlation-based genomic relationship matrix (scGRM)method estimates kinship coefficient by calculating the average samplecorrelation coefficient among all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), wherethe observed allele frequencies are used to calculate both the expectations andvariances of genotypes. Although this method is widely used, a substantialproportion of estimated kinship coefficients are negative, which are difficult tointerpret. In this paper, through mathematical derivation, we show that thereindeed exists bias in the estimated kinship coefficient using the scGRM methodwhen the observed allele frequencies are regarded as true frequencies. This leadsto negative bias for the average estimate of kinship among all individuals, whichexplains the estimated negative kinship coefficients. Based on this observation,we propose an unbiased estimation method, UKin, which can reduce kinshipestimation bias. We justify our improved method with rigorous mathematicalproof. We have conducted simulations as well as two real data analyses tocompare UKin with scGRM and another widely used kinship estimating method:KING. Our results demonstrate that both bias and root mean square error inkinship coefficient estimation could be reduced by using UKin. We furtherinvestigated the performance of UKin, scGRM and KING in calculating theSNP-based heritability, and show that UKin can improve estimation accuracy forheritability regardless of the scale of SNP panel.
Excellent performance of a C12A7:e- cold cathode based on charge coupling techniques
Authors: Plaza J. F. , Toledo J. , Post A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work, based on the EU-funded project NEMESIS, is aiming at developing electride-based new cathode technology which is compatible with all kinds of electric propulsion systems requiring neutralization. In last years, the novel material C12A7:e- electride has been investigated for neutralization applications due to its adequate characteristics as thermionic emitter: low effective work function of 2.4 eV, lower operational temperatures than traditional emitters as LaB6, BaO or Thoriated-W, stability at room temperature and chemical inertness. Additionally, the electride can be used as cathode material to provide electrons in low pressure discharges where the operation temperatures are much lower than for electron thermionic emission. Nevertheless, some of the most common issues described in literature about C12A7:e- based cathodes are the emission instabilities, which in some cases derive into degradation, sputtering or even melting of the electride material. A new developed technique based on charge coupling showed a remarkable performance up to five times better than other typical emitter material in terms of current emission and power consumption. In this work, the performance improvements reached when using this technique in the operation of C12A7:e- based cathodes when using Argon, Xenon or Ammonia (NH3) as propellants will be described. NH3 is incorporated in this work because it is one of the best mass storage compounds in liquid state at very low pressures and/or temperatures (10bar@25ºC, 1bar@-33ºC) with an easy and direct gas usage as propellant in space propulsion. It is also an excellent H2 carrier (4 KWh/Liter), which makes it an appropriate H2 carrier for future use by H2 Fuel Cells or even NH3 direct Fuel Cells in space.
Effect of luteal-phase GnRH agonist on frozen-thawed embryo transfer during artificial cycles: a randomised clinical pilot study
Authors: Liu Yanghong , Huang Kaishu , Chen Cheng , Wen Li , Lei Min , Gou Yabin , Tang Bin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This randomised clinical pilot study evaluated the effect of the mid-luteal additional single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) on the clinical outcome of the females subjected to artificial cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer (AC-FET). Methods: A total of 129 females were randomized into two groups (70 into the control group and 59 into the intervention group). Both groups received the standard luteal support. The intervention group was given an extra dose of 0.1 mg GnRH-a in the luteal phase. The live birth rate served as the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoints were the positivity of pregnancy tests, the clinical pregnancy rate, the miscarriage rate, the implantation rate, and the multiple pregnancy rate. Results: There were more positive pregnancy tests, clinical pregnancies, live births, and twinning pregnancies, and less miscarriage observed in the intervention arm comparing to the controls, though no statistical significance was concluded. However, the difference of 12.1 percentage points in live births rate (40.7% vs 28.6%) would be relevant in clinical practice. Conclusions: Overall, the distinct, however statistically insignificant, improvement of the pregnancy outcome supports the non-inferiority of the luteal phase GnRH-a support in AC-FET. The beneficial effects need to be further validated by larger scale clinical trials.
Northeast China holds huge wetland soil organic carbon storage: an estimation from 819 soil profiles and random forest algorithm
Authors: Ren Yongxing , Li Xiaoyan , Mao DeHua , Xi Yanbiao , Wang Zongming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose As a huge natural carbon storage, wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, the spatial pattern and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetland ecosystems remain largely uncertain due to large spatial heterogeneity and insufficient field observations. Methods In this study, we predict the spatial pattern of SOC density and estimated SOC storage in wetlands of Northeast China based on 819 field samples and multiple geospatial data using random forest algorithm. Results The results showed that climate, vegetation, and topography had notable impacts on the SOC density at different soil depths. The wetland SOC density in the surface layer (0–30 cm) was affected mainly by climatic factors (e.g., temperature, r = 0.54, p < 0.001), while the SOC density in the middle layer (30–60 cm) was mainly influenced by both climatic factors and vegetation factors. Moreover, topography (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) had greater impacts on wetland SOC density in the deeper soil layer (60–100 cm). Our estimation showed that Northeast China holds huge wetland SOC storage in the amount of 3.40 ± 0.13 Pg C. The average wetland SOC density was 44.30 ± 1.72 kg C m− 2, which decreased gradually from north to south in the study area. The wetland SOC storage in the Greater Khingan Mountains Region was 2461.87 ± 92.21 Tg C, while that in the Liao River Plain was only 26.73 ± 1.33 Tg C. Conclusion We used random forest algorithm to achieve high-precision estimation of the wetland SOC storage in Northeast China, avoiding the geographic location-based dependence of traditional interpolation methods. Our results examined the relationship between wetland SOC and environmental factors, which benefits the understanding of the responses of wetland SOC to climate change.
The effects of point defect type, location, and density on the Schottky barrier height of Au/MoS2 heterojunction: A first-principles study
Authors: Sorkin Viacheslav , Zhou Hangbo , Yu Zhi Gen , Ang Kah-Wee , Zhang Yong-Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using DFT calculations, we investigate the effects of the type, location, and density of point defects in monolayer MoS 2 on electronic structures and Schottky barrier heights (SBH) of Au/MoS2 heterojunction. Three types of point defects in monolayer MoS2, that is, S monovacancy, S divacancy and MoS (Mo substitution at S site) antisite defects, are considered. The following findings are revealed: (1) The SBH for the monolayer MoS2 with defects is universally higher than that for its defect-free counterpart. (2) S divacancy and MoS antisite defects increase the SBH to a larger extent than S monovacancy. (3) A defect located in the inner sublayer of MoS2, which is adjacent to Au substrate, increases the SBH to a larger extent than that in the outer sublayer of MoS2. (4) An increase in defect density increases the SBH. These findings indicate a large variation of SBH with the defect type, location, and concentration. We also compare our results with previously experimentally measured SBH for Au/MoS2 contact and postulate possible reasons for the large differences among existing experimental measurements and between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions. The findings and insights revealed here may provide practice guidelines for modulation and optimization of SBH in Au/MoS2 and similar heterojunctions via defect engineering.
The psychosocial situation of families caring for children with rare diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Rihm Lydia , Dreier Mareike , Rezvani Farhad , Dirmaier Jörg 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting many areas of life and has posed additional strains on the highly vulnerable group of caregivers of children with rare diseases (RDs). The psychosocial situation of the family caregivers deserves more attention, both in research and practice. The current study explores the distress level of caregivers of children with RDs, their psychosocial information needs, and their children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Data from a cross-sectional online survey conducted within the German CARE-FAM-NET project (children affected by rare disease and their families - network) between March and August 2020 were examined. The study sample included 149 family caregivers, mostly mothers (83.2%) of collectively 167 children with predominantly secured (89.8%) RDs. The survey assessed demographic and disease-related characteristics, caregiver distress and everyday problems (Distress Thermometer for Parents; scale 0–10), psychosocial information needs (self-developed items; scale 0–100), and children’s HRQoL (DISABKIDS-12-p; scale 0–100). Using descriptive statistics, we analyzed the psychosocial situation of families during the COVID-19 pandemic. We further conducted correlation analysis to investigate interrelations.
Results
Caregivers reported a wide range of psychosocial information needs. Distress levels were high (M = 6.84, SD = 2.43) and 89.6% of caregivers reported clinical distress (≥ 4). Everyday problems (e.g., sleep problems, fatigue, being out of shape, fears, feeling tense or nervous, and worry) were frequent. In about half of the children (49.5%), caregiver-reported HRQoL was low, while average HRQoL (M = 58.7, SD = 19.5) was comparable to norm data of children with severe clinical conditions. Caregiver distress correlated positively with psychosocial information needs (r = .40) and negatively with the children’s HRQoL (r = − .46).
Conclusions
This study indicates a high psychosocial burden on familial caregivers of children with RD during the early Covid-19 pandemic, characterized by high distress levels and wide-ranging everyday problems, unmet psychosocial information needs, and reduced HRQoL in their diseased children. The findings highlight the ongoing need for target group-specific, low-threshold support services (e.g., websites) during and after the pandemic.