bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does adding an accent mark hinder lexical access? Evidence from Spanish
Authors: Labusch Melanie , Gómez Pablo , Perea Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent research has shown that omitting the accent mark in a Spanish word, which is a language in which these diacritics only indicate lexical stress, does not cause a delay in lexical access (e.g., cárcel [prison] ≈ carcel; cárcel-CÁRCEL ≈ carcel-CÁRCEL). This pattern has been interpreted as accented and nonaccented vowels sharing the abstract letter representations in Spanish. However, adding an accent mark to a nonaccented Spanish word appears to produce a reading cost in masked priming paradigms (e.g., féliz-FELIZ [happy] > feliz-FELIZ). We examined whether adding an accent mark to a non accented Spanish word slows down lexical access in two semantic categorization experiments to solve this puzzle. We added an accent mark either on the stressed syllable (Experiment 1, e.g., cébra for the word cebra [zebra]) or an unstressed syllable (Experiment 2, e.g., cebrá). While effect sizes were small in magnitude, adding an accent mark produced a cost relative to the intact words, especially when the accent mark was added on an unstressed syllable (cebrá > cebra). These findings favor the view that letter identity and (to a lesser extent) accent mark information are encoded during word recognition in Spanish. We also examined the practical implications of these results.
Emotionales Erleben von Schüler*innen in Jahrgangsstufe 4 unter dem Einfluss der Covid-19-Pandemie im Schuljahr 2019/2020
Authors: Nett Ulrike , Ertl Sonja , Bross Tanja 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungBisherige empirische Befunde belegen, dass Lern- und Leistungsemotionen in Wechselwirkung mit Schulleistungen stehen und von situativen und individuellen Faktoren beeinflusst werden. In Jahrgangsstufe 4 ist dabei vor allem der nahende Übertritt in eine weiterführende Schule mit den damit verbundenen schuljahresspezifischen Ereignissen, beispielsweise der Zwischeninformation oder dem Übertrittszeugnis, von Bedeutung – im Schuljahr 2019/2020 kam der Covid-19-bedingte Lockdown mit dem damit verbundenen Distanzlernen hinzu. Im Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich das emotionale Erleben vom Ende der 3. bis zum Ende der 4. Jahrgangsstufe in Abhängigkeit schuljahresspezifischer sowie individueller Faktoren entwickelt. Dazu wurden in einer längsschnittlichen Fragebogenstudie 225 Schüler*innen in Bayern zu ihren fachbezogenen Emotionen sowie bzgl. des bevorstehenden Übertritts befragt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Schüler*innen insgesamt eher günstige Emotionen erleben. Das Distanzlernen geht mit signifikanten Veränderungen im emotionalen Erleben einher. Hinsichtlich individueller Einflussfaktoren erweisen sich insbesondere die Schulleistung, teilweise auch Geschlecht und Migrationshintergrund, als bedeutsam für das emotionale Erleben. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und weitere Forschungsdesiderata aufgezeigt.
The economics of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: does sustainability make financial sense?
Authors: Filho Walter Leal , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Ruiz-de-Maya Salvador , Doni Federica , Eustachio João Henrique , Swart Julia , Paço Arminda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals is a global priority, but one whose full implementation is vulnerable to the high costs associated with it. This raises the question: does the implementation of the SDGs make financial sense? This article addresses this question and outlines the need to raise awareness of the economic benefits of implementing the global goals. Further, it presents and discusses the main financial gaps to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
Perfect Fluid Spacetimes and Gradient Solitons
Authors: De Krishnendu , De Uday Chand , Syied Abdallah Abdelhameed , Turki Nasser Bin , Alsaeed Suliman 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate perfect fluid spacetimes equipped with concircular vector field. At first, in a perfect fluid spacetime admitting concircular vector field, we prove that the velocity vector field annihilates the conformal curvature tensor. In addition, in dimension 4, we show that a perfect fluid spacetime is a generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime with Einstein fibre. It is proved that if a perfect fluid spacetime furnished with concircular vector field admits a second order symmetric parallel tensor P, then either the equation of state of the perfect fluid spacetime is characterized by $$p=\frac{3-n}{n-1} \sigma $$

p
=

3
-
n

n
-
1

σ

, or the tensor P is a constant multiple of the metric tensor. Finally, The perfect fluid spacetimes with concircular vector field whose Lorentzian metrics are Ricci soliton, gradient Ricci soliton, gradient Yamabe solitons, and gradient m -quasi Einstein solitons, are characterized.
Exact Moments of Order Statistics and Parameter Estimation for Sushila Distribution
Authors: Pushkarna Narinder , Saran Jagdish , Sehgal Shikha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we have obtained the exact expression and recurrence relations for single moments of order statistics arising from Sushila distribution. We have also obtained L-moments, TL-moments of Sushila distribution and used them to find the L-moment and TL-moment estimators of the parameters of the distribution. The estimators of the parameters are also obtained using the method of moments and maximum likelihood. Further, by using these maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs), we have also obtained the MLEs of the measures of reliability of the considered distribution. Monte Carlo simulation has been carried out to investigate the performance of the estimators.
A rare case of intestinal obstruction secondary to bolus of Ascaris Lumbricoides infestation: A case report and review of the literatures
Authors: Hailu Seyoum , Ayinie Animut , Tegegn Eden , Regasa Teshome 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction and importance:
Ascaris Lumbricoides is the most common helminthic infection affecting humans worldwide and causing serious medical and social problems, especially in the developing countries where unhygienic disposal of human excreta is common. Even though a lot of complications were reported from Ascaris Lumbricoides infestations worldwide, there were only a few reports from the Ethiopian context where the socio-economic condition put a high vulnerability to such infection. Hence reporting such findings with its intervention will help the policymakers to mitigate the challenges in the health care system and also help as a piece of baseline evidence for future researchers on the issue of interest.

Case presentation:
A six years old girl from a rural locality of southern Ethiopia was brought to the surgical emergency department with a chief complaint of abdominal pain of 4 days duration which was an intermittent colicky type of periumbilical region associated with vomiting of ingested matter of 3–4 episodes per day. Slight abdominal distension which moves with respiration and diffuse abdominal tenderness was observed for which acute abdomen secondary to small bowel obstruction secondary to intussusception was suspected.

Clinical discussion:
The physicians treating patients with ascariasis should be aware of the abdominal complications, since a delay in its intervention may have a fatal outcome. The intestinal obstruction caused by Ascaris Lumbricoides infestation is a rare and underestimated problem that may lead to death or irreversible complications. Early surgical intervention in those with worm bolus obstruction, peritonitis, and volvulus may salvage the bowel and reduce the mortality rate.

Conclusion:
Ascaris is one of the health challenges worldwide. Prevention and control methods like health education for the community should be implemented in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and periodic deworming should be encouraged to avoid complications.

Highlights
Preconception of folic acid supplementation knowledge among Ethiopian women reproductive age group in areas with high burden of neural tube defects: a community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Begashaw Beyene , Tariku Zerihun , Berhane Anteneh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Periconceptional folic acid supplementation is effective in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). The aim of the present study was to determine the level of knowledge about the benefits of preconceptional folic acid supplementation in a sample of women of childbearing age and its associated factors. A cross-sectional community-based study design was carried out on a total of 441 women of childbearing age. Questionnaires included knowledge of preconception of folic acid supplements and socio-demographic characteristics. The χ2 was used to compare categorical data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to isolate the predictive variables and examined individually by calculating the adjusted odds ratio. Statistical significance is declared as P < 0·05. We found that 35·1 % (n 155) knew preconceptional folic acid supplementation could prevent NTDs, and 3·8 % (n 17) knew the right time to take preconceptional folic acid supplementation and only 1·7 % (n 7) who had a history of NTDs. Attended secondary education (OR 2·7; 95 % CI 1·1, 6·0, P = 0·017), governmental employee (OR 3·5; 95 % CI 2·3, 17·8, P < 0·001), current pregnancy status (OR 3·0; 95 % CI 2·1, 4·2, P = 0·043), history of visiting the antenatal care service during pregnancy (OR 2·9; 95 % CI 1·07, 7·8, P = 0·03), history of taking folic acid supplement (OR 4·5; 95 % CI 2·9, 7·1, P < 0·001) were associated. More than half of the participant women did not know about preconception of folic acid supplements that reduce the risk of NTDs. Identification of the level of knowledge on preconception of folic acid may allow for targeted educational or other interventions to further encourage folic acid use.
Remembering the Iron Curtain: Diverse Memory Events after 1989
Authors: Harlov-Csortán Melinda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on one section of the former Iron Curtain between Hungary and Austria that incorporates diverse memory events after the political change in 1989. The article concentrates on the Hungarian region during the last nearly three decades and investigates the actors and the memories of the former historic period, which show a uniquely diverse set of realizations. Among others, two private museums about the Iron Curtain (established and managed by two former border guards) and a memorial park (commemorating only one day, established and managed by a civil organization) in comparison to the official narrative presented in the last room of the permanent exhibition at the Hungarian National Museum in the capital are subjects of this investigation. Besides the actual memory places and the actors (those who initiated, maintain, and visit these memory spots), their relationship and role in the formation of the regional identity are also analyzed. As theoretical background, the connection between heritage, museum, and memory; the notion of post-Soviet nostalgia; authenticity; and the importance of time are activated for the analysis and to disentangle the complexity of the chosen case study.
Malinowski and malacology: global value systems and the issue of duplicates
Authors: Margócsy Dániel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article situates the collecting practices of museums of natural history in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in dialogue with similar practices amongst societies in the Pacific by focusing on how European curators, dealers in natural history and Pacific Islanders shared a common fascination withSpondylusshells. In particular, this article examines the processes for turningSpondylusshells into unique or duplicate specimens.Spondylusshells were crucial for regulating gift and commercial exchanges in the societies of both regions. Famously, the anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski claimed that these shells were an essential element of the gift-basedkulaexchange, which helped him distinguish Western capitalist society from less developed societies without commercial trade. YetSpondylusshells were also collected and exchanged as gifts amongst British and European naturalists in this period, performing the same roles as in Melanesia. In addition, such gift exchanges could only come into being thanks to the actions of commercially motivated dealers, located both in the Pacific and in Europe, who were the suppliers of these shells both to Melanesian participants in thekulaand to Western natural historians and collectors. These observations call into question earlier arguments that equate modernity with the rise of commercial capitalism. It is instead claimed that commercial and gift exchanges were intricately connected and reliant on each other throughout the period, whether in the worlds of Western museums or in Pacific archipelagos. The act of turningSpondylusshells into unique or duplicate specimens was the key tool for regulating these exchanges.
Anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve according to the inferior thyroid artery and their clinical impact in patients undergoing thyroidectomy
Authors: Gkrinia E , Nana P , Spanos K , Fiska A , Hajiioannou J , Skoulakis C , Zibis A H 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent laryngeal nerve identification is the ‘gold standard’ in thyroidectomy, to determine nerve function security and prevent severe complications. This study assessed the topographical relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, and determined its clinical impact.MethodsA retrospective study was performed of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy in a single tertiary centre over a six-month period.ResultsSixty-four patients were included. Among the 128 recurrent laryngeal nerve dissections, the nerve was identified traversing the inferior thyroid artery anteriorly in 27.3 per cent, with equal distribution between the two sides. No significant sex association was reported. One patient had transient vocal fold palsy, and hypocalcaemia was observed in 21.9 per cent, yet there was no statistical association with the topographical variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.ConclusionAlmost one-third of patients had an anatomical variation in which the recurrent laryngeal nerve ran superiorly to the inferior thyroid artery. Recurrent laryngeal nerve variation had no clinical impact on local complications or hypocalcaemia.
Metabolic rate thermal plasticity in the marine annelid Ophryotrocha labronica across two successive generations
Authors: Massamba–N'Siala Gloria , Carignan Marie Hélène , Calosi Piero , Noisette Fanny 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMarine ectotherms have evolved a range of physiological strategies to cope with temperature changes that persist across generations. For example, metabolic rates are expected to increase following an acute exposure to temperature, with potential detrimental impacts for fitness. However, they may be downregulated in the following generation if offspring experience the thermal conditions of their parents, with a resulting decrease in maintenance costs and fitness maximization. Yet, trans-generational studies on metabolic rates are few in marine ectotherms, thus limiting our ability to accurately predict longer-term implications of ocean warming on organisms' performance, metabolic rates being the fundamental pacemaker for all biological processes. This is particularly true for small-size organisms, for which the determination of individual metabolic rates has been historically challenging, and for many groups of marine invertebrates, such as annelids, which are under-represented in physiological investigations. Here, we exposed the subtidal annelid Ophryotrocha labronica (body length: ~4 mm) to a thermal gradient (21, 24, 26, 29°C) and measured, for the first time in this species, the temperature dependence of metabolic rates across two generations. We found that metabolic rates were positively related to temperature, but this relationship did not differ between generations. Our study provides additional evidence for the diversity of temperature-associated physiological responses of marine ectotherms and offers a number of methodological recommendations for unveiling the mechanisms underpinning the observed trans-generational responses of metabolic rates in marine annelid species.
Engaging women brings conservation benefits to snow leopard landscapes
Authors: Alexander Justine Shanti , Bijoor Ajay , Gurmet Kalzang , Murali Ranjini , Mishra Charudutt , Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh R 
Published: June 2022

SummaryProtection of biodiversity requires inclusive and gender-responsive programming. Evidence of success in engaging women in large carnivore conservation remains scarce, however, although women play an important role in caring for livestock at risk of predation and could contribute to large-carnivore conservation. We aimed to assess the performance of an income-generation and skills-building programme for women in Spiti Valley (India) that sought to engage women in local conservation action. Annual programme monitoring together with a one-time survey of attitudes, perceptions and social norms in eight communities exposed to the conservation programme and seven ‘control’ communities revealed: a keen interest and increasing levels of women’s participation over 7 years of programme operation; participant reports of multiple programme benefits including additional personal income, social networking and travel opportunities; and more positive attitudes towards snow leopards among programme participants than among non-participants in the control communities. Women from programme communities recorded in their diaries 33 self-directed conservation actions including improving livestock protection and preventing wildlife poaching. These results show a way forward to purposively engage women in conservation programming towards achieving sustainable and equitable outcomes in efforts to promote carnivore–human coexistence.
Exploring infant feeding practices and associated factors among HIV-positive mothers attending early infant diagnosis clinic in Northern Uganda
Authors: Mutawulira Ivan , Nakachwa Jane , Muharabu Laymond , Wilson Walekhwa Abel , Kayina Vincent 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study assessed the infant feeding practices and their determinants among human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-positive mothers with infants (0–12 months).
A cross-sectional study design adopting qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures was used. This study was carried out from Awach Health Center IV in Gulu city, Uganda. We enrolled 108 adult participants who were HIV-positive mothers with an infant from October to December 2021. Semi-structured questionnaire and focused group discussion (FGD) guide were used in data collection. Data were collected, edited, coded and entered into Epi info. The data were analysed using SPSS version 22. Qualitative data were analysed using Atlas.ti software.
Of the 108 mothers, 83/108 (77%) practised exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) while 25/108 (23%) practised mixed feeding. Qualitative results also showed that EBF was the preferred choice. Majority of the respondents 104/108 (96.3%) believed HIV can be transmitted to their babies. Factors associated with infant feeding practices at multivariant level analysis at 5% significance were age of the child (OR 0.706, 95% CI 0.210–0.988), income level (OR 1.296, 95% CI 1.150–10.631).
Majority of mothers had good knowledge about the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Mothers should deliver from hospitals, more sensitisations for these mothers to appreciate the benefits of EBF.
Breastfeeding does not protect against the development of carditis in children with acute rheumatic fever
Authors: Gurbuz Funda , Canbulat Sahiner Nejla , Unal Emin , Gurbuz Ahmet Seyfeddin , Baysal Tamer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Acute rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that develops due to streptococcal infection. The positive effect of breastfeeding on the development of the child’s immune system is well documented. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of breast milk intake period on the development of carditis.Materials and methods:Patients (n: 182) who were diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever between 2010 and 2019 were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into groups according to carditis development. The demographic, socio-economic, and breastfeeding data were compared between groups.Results:The mean age of the patients was 10.5 ± 3.4, and 43.4 % (n: 79) of them were female. Independent predictors of the development of carditis in the first acute rheumatic fever episode were the number of children at home (OR: 1.773, CI 95%: 1.105, 2.845; p: 0.018) and breast milk intake less than 6 months (OR: 0.404, CI 95%: 0.174, 0.934; p: 0.034). Independent predictors of the development of carditis in any of the acute rheumatic fever episodes were the number of children at home (OR: 1.858, CI 95%: 1.100, 3.137; p: 0.021) and female gender (OR: 3.504, CI 95%: 1.227, 10.008; p: 0.019). The only independently predictor of the development of chorea during acute rheumatic fever was female gender (OR: 3.801, CI 95%: 1.463, 9.874; p: 0.006).Conclusion:Although the occurrence of carditis is less common during the first acute rheumatic fever attack in patients with breast milk intake less than six months, this advantage is lost in recurrent attacks. This study showed that breast milk does not have a negative effect on acute rheumatic fever carditis.
“Triangular QRS-ST-T waveform ECG pattern” during SARS-CoV-2 infection in a paediatric case with multiple comorbidities
Authors: Bulut Muhammet , Ekici Filiz , Ülgen Tekerek Nazan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTriangular QRS-ST-T waveform electrocardiography pattern, so-called “shark fin sign,” is a rare and highly mortal electrocardiography finding, which usually occurs in adult patients with coronary occlusion. Here, we reported the first paediatric case occurring in a striking “triangular waveform electrocardiography pattern” due to myocarditis during COVID-19 infection.
Automated hate speech detection and span extraction in underground hacking and extremist forums
Authors: Zhou Linda , Caines Andrew , Pete Ildiko , Hutchings Alice 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHate speech is any kind of communication that attacks a person or a group based on their characteristics, such as gender, religion and race. Due to the availability of online platforms where people can express their (hateful) opinions, the amount of hate speech is steadily increasing that often leads to offline hate crimes. This paper focuses on understanding and detecting hate speech in underground hacking and extremist forums where cybercriminals and extremists, respectively, communicate with each other, and some of them are associated with criminal activity. Moreover, due to the lengthy posts, it would be beneficial to identify the specific span of text containing hateful content in order to assist site moderators with the removal of hate speech. This paper describes a hate speech dataset composed of posts extracted from HackForums, an online hacking forum, and Stormfront and Incels.co, two extremist forums. We combined our dataset with a Twitter hate speech dataset to train a multi-platform classifier. Our evaluation shows that a classifier trained on multiple sources of data does not always improve the performance compared to a mono-platform classifier. Finally, this is the first work on extracting hate speech spans from longer texts. The paper fine-tunes BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) and adopts two approaches – span prediction and sequence labelling. Both approaches successfully extract hateful spans and achieve an F1-score of at least 69%.