bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the unrealistic expectation of getting cured related to poor treatment adherence among Indian Asthma patients? A hospital based mixed methods study from central India
Authors: Lahri Madhvi , Kumar Sanjeev , Mitra Arun , Singh Gyanendra 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Prevention of premature deaths due to asthma requires continued disease control through efforts of both patients and healthcare providers. The expectations of patients have been shown to influence treatment adherence and disease control.

Methodology:
We conducted a hospital-based sequential exploratory mixed methods study and used definitions of the Global Initiative for Prevention of Asthma (GINA). We recruited 80 asthma patients in a tertiary public health facility of central India. We assessed treatment expectations, health literacy, awareness, behavioural risk factors, self-care, treatment adherence, and disease control. We conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data through manual inductive coding and used statistical software R version-3.6.1 for quantitative analysis.

Results:
Sixty-seven (83.75%) patients expected that the current doctor would help them achieve ‘cure’, while 28 (35%) expected to obtain information about asthma. 81.2% and 77.5% of participants had inadequate health literacy and inadequate awareness, respectively. 73.8% were using inhalers and 21.2% were not using any treatment. Forced expiratory volume in 1 (FEV1) and Forced vital capacity (FVC) values were available for only 46.25%, while a meagre 6.25% were using peak-flow meter for self-monitoring. Though 21.2% reported optimal treatment adherence, 27.5% had good control. We found the expectation of cure and poor health literacy being significantly related to sub-optimal treatment adherence. We didn’t find any association between the expectations of patients and their disease control.

Conclusion:
Asthma patients in our setting mostly expected to get cured. The unrealistic expectation of ‘cure’ is related to poor treatment adherence and possibly poor disease control.
Scrub Typhus in Paediatric Age Group at a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern India: Clinical, Biochemical Profile and Complications
Authors: Agrawal Aman , Parida Preetinanda , Rup Amit Ranjan , Patnaik Sibabratta , Biswal Sebaranjan 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Scrub typhus is a reemerging zoonosis, which presents as acute febrile illness. Very few paediatric prospective studies on this disease are reported from Eastern India. This prospective observational study was carried out to study the clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications and immediate outcome of Scrub typhus in paediatric population in a tertiary care hospital from Eastern India.

Material and Methods:
Totally 209 cases between 1 month and 18 years of age were included. Clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters and immediate outcome of all patients were recorded. All the data were collected and plotted in Microsoft Excel master chart. Continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and categorical data as frequency and percentage. All the data analysis was performed using statistical software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.

Results:
Highest number of cases (41.1%) were found between 1 year and 5 years age group. Fever was the presenting complaint in all cases. Other common symptoms were cough (34%), pain abdomen (23.4%), vomiting (23%), seizure (11.5%) and altered sensorium (9.6%). Hepatomegaly was found in 56.5% and splenomegaly in 39.7% cases. Eschar was found in 27.3% cases. C-reactive protein was elevated (>10 mg/L) in 93.3% children. Other complications were pneumonitis (20.6%), meningoencephalitis (12.4%), septic shock (8.6%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (5.7%), myocarditis (4.8%) and acute kidney injury (4.3%). Mortality was low (1%).

Conclusion:
Scrub typhus is not uncommon in paediatric population and it must be considered as a close differential diagnosis of any acute febrile illness even when classical clinical presentations are not found. Early treatment results in favourable outcome.
Prevalence of anemia among toddlers (12–36 months) in urban area of district Rohtak, Haryana
Authors: Kalhan Meenakshi , Kaushal Pankaj , Chayal Vinod , Verma Ramesh , Singh Tarun , Yadav Garima , Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Arun 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children are considered as an important asset for any country and their health as one of the important indicators of a healthy country. There are several factors affecting children’s health and anemia is one of them. Globally around 1.62 billion people are affected by it, which corresponds to 24.8% of the population, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children.

Aim:
The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among toddlers (12–36 months) and to determine the associated factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among toddlers (12–36 months) in the urban field practice area of Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. A total of 170 toddlers were enrolled in the study and their mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured pretested questionnaire. Hb was estimated by Sahli’s acid hematin method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

Results:
In the present study, more than half (55.9%) participants were girls and 44.1% were boys. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 62.4%, with mild, moderate, and severe anemia being 41.8%, 17.7%, and 2.9%, respectively. The children with regular intake of iron supplementation were found to be 6.625 times likely to be nonanemic as compared to those with no supplementation.

Conclusion:
Every endeavor should be made to combat the anemia in children through multisectoral and multipronged approach such as nutritional education of mothers, growth monitoring, nutritional supplementation, etc.
Safe Delivery application with facilitation increases knowledge and confidence of obstetric and neonatal care among frontline health workers in India
Authors: Sarin Enisha , Dastidar Sourav Ghosh , Bisht Nitin , Bajpayee Devina , Patel Rachana , Sodha Tarun Singh , Bhandari Aditya , Mohanty Jaya Swarup , Dey Surajit , Chandra Subodh , Agrawal Ritu , Saboth Prasant , Kumar Harish 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Digital learning tools have proliferated among healthcare workers in India. Evidence of their effectiveness is however minimal. We sought to examine the impact of the Safe Delivery App (SDA) on knowledge and confidence among frontline health workers (HW) in India. We also studied whether facilitation to address technical challenges enhanced self-learning.

Methods:
Staff nurses and nurse-midwives from 30 facilities in two states were divided into control and intervention groups through randomization. Knowledge and confidence were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Three rounds of facilitation addressing technical challenges in downloading and usage along with reminders about the next phase of learning were conducted in the intervention group. A user satisfaction scale along with qualitative interviews was conducted in the intervention group at the endline along with qualitative interviews on facilitation.

Results:
The knowledge and confidence of the healthcare workers significantly increased from the baseline to endline by 4 percentage points (P < 0.001). The participants who received facilitation had a higher mean score difference in knowledge and confidence compared to those who did not receive facilitation (P < 0.001). The participants were highly satisfied with the app and video was the most-watched feature. They reported a positive experience of the facilitation process.

Conclusion:
The effectiveness and acceptability of the SDA indicate the applicability of mHealth learning tools at the primary healthcare level. In a time of rapid digitalization of training, facilitation or supportive supervision needs further focus while on-ground digital training could be invested in to overcome digital illiteracy among healthcare workers.
COVID-19 pandemic: Hospital preparedness in a tertiary care hospital in North East India
Authors: Pandita Kawal Krishan , Noor Topno , Sahoo Sambit Kumar 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The first case of Coronavirus was reported by World Health Organisation (WHO) on 31 December 2019. Due to its high infectivity and increasing mortality, WHO on 30 January 2020 declared the infection as public health emergency of international concern. Various measures were initiated and carried out by health care facilities to tackle the pandemic. Our experiences of hospital preparedness may help future health policies to tackle the pandemics.

Method:
Various guidelines given by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Centre for Disease Control, Indian Council of Medical Research were studied and analysed. The hospital lay out plan was studied, modifications in the physical structure of the hospital as planned by the hospital authorities were observed and recorded. The impact of the new planning on patient management was recorded by the investigators.

Results:
It was observed that proper planning on the basis of laid down guidelines and the modifiable initial layout is very effective in the prevention and management of the pandemic. A total of 130 beds of the hospital under study could be separated from the main building with little modifications. Another important observation was dedicated leadership and coordination among different specialities ensuring successful planning. The investigators concluded that the new hospitals should be planned and constructed in such a way so that a major part of the hospital building can be converted to an isolation area with little modifications in the physical structure of the hospital at the time of pandemics.
Home-based telemental health services for Indian patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison with the pre-COVID phase
Authors: Chakravarty Rahul , Chakrabarti Subho , Shah Ruchita 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Many developed countries have switched from conventional outpatient psychiatric services to tele mental health-based alternatives because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, similar transitions might be difficult for countries like India because of a shortage of necessary resources. Therefore, the feasibility and acceptability of converting to a home-based tele mental health (HB-TMH) service during the pandemic were examined in an Indian hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A new and expanded version of an HB-TMH service was operated for all outpatients following the onset of the pandemic. Feasibility outcomes included operational viability, service utilization, service engagement, the need for additional in-person services, and the frequency of adverse events. Patients’ and clinicians’ satisfaction with different aspects of the service were evaluated using Likert-style questionnaires to ascertain acceptability. The outcomes during the prepandemic and pandemic phases were also compared.

Results:
The switch to HB-TMH services took 6 weeks during the pandemic. Patient numbers increased greatly following this transition. Attendance improved, the requirement for in-person services was low, and no serious adverse events were reported. However, patients’ satisfaction levels were relatively low during the pandemic. Clinicians were more satisfied than the patients with HB-TMH treatment during the pandemic. Differences between them were less marked but still present before the pandemic. Pre- and postpandemic comparisons revealed that both patients and clinicians were more satisfied with all aspects of HB-TMH care before the pandemic than during it.

Conclusions:
Though conversion to HB-TMH services was feasible during the pandemic, such services need to be improved to enhance patient acceptability.
Perception, burden and satisfaction of parents of children attending online classes during COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rathaliya Aarti , Malarkodi S , Deol Rupinder , Kuppuswamy Rajarajeswari 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Coronavirus has spread havoc globally, resulting in the closure of all sectors including education. Therefore, to continue a child’s learning, the government started online classes from home by involving parents. This new learning method might be hectic and challenging for parents; therefore, this study aimed to assess the perception, burden, and satisfaction of parents of children attending online classes.

Methods:
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in three schools of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. A total of 220 parents of children attending online classes and studying between first and fifth standard responded voluntarily. Google Form was used to assess perception, burden, and satisfaction regarding online classes and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
The mean age of parents was 34.1 ± 5 years, and most of the respondents were mothers. Out of 220 parents, 52% showed negative perception, 42% experienced moderate to severe burden, and 51% were highly satisfied with the online classes during COVID-19 lockdown. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between perception andsatisfaction of parents (P = 0.000, r = 0.616 *). Parental role and preferred teaching method had a significant association with parental perception (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The app used and preferred teaching method during the pandemic had a significant association with parental satisfaction regarding online classes (p < 0.01, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Parents had negative perception and experienced moderate to severe burden concerning online classes. At the same time, they were highly satisfied with achieving educational objectives to some extent during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Awareness of Indian government initiated social security schemes utilization among villagers of Kanpur rural region: An evaluative cross sectional study
Authors: Sachdev Rohan , Garg Kriti , Shwetam Samiksha , Srivastava Aaryan R. , Srivastava Akash 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
In India, the use of social security schemes by the rural population has not been evaluated with much consideration. The awareness of these social security programs plays a vital role in their use.

Aims:
This research was conducted to evaluate the awareness among the rural population regarding government-initiated social security schemes and to provide recommendations based on the results of the study.

Settings and Design:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural health care center.

Methods and Material:
A sample of 250 individuals in the rural health care center of a dental college was subjected to a questionnaire regarding the awareness of the government-launched social security schemes—Sukanya Samridhi Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Atal Pension Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Ayushman Bharat Yojana, and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The study data were analyzed by Epi Info™ 7 software package. Descriptive statistics were assessed and differences between the two groups were compared using the Chi-square test and the P value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:
In the present study, 212 rural people were aware of any one of the recently initiated social security schemes, and the awareness level of these social security schemes was higher in those with age more than 30 years, males, literates, and classes 3 and 4 economic groups of population.

Conclusions:
The rural population’s knowledge of the government’s social security schemes is strong, and it is affected by people’s age, gender, literacy level, and socioeconomic status.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Under-Five Children With Malnutrition: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deka Sangeeta , Kalita Deepjyoti , Hazarika Naba Kumar 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and malnutrition in under-five children contribute substantially to developing countries’ childhood morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the prevalence and profile of IPI in under-five children and compared them with nutritional status and other socioeconomic factors.

Methods:
Anthropometric indices were used for checking the nutritional status of under-five children. Malnutrition was graded into four grades (I–IV) based on the Indian Academy of Pediatrics advocated Weight-for-Age criteria. Children whose Height-for-Age and Weight-for-Height were <−2, standard deviations were regarded as stunted and wasted, respectively. Stool samples were examined by direct wet mount (normal saline and iodine) and formol-ethyl acetate concentration technique to detect parasitic cyst and ova. Stool smears were made directly from the specimen and after concentration and stained by kinyoun’s stain. Subsequently, the association of undernutrition was assessed with intestinal IPI using the Chi-square test.

Results:
The overall prevalence of Grade I, II, III, and IV malnutrition was 52%, 31.7%, 12.2%, and 4.1% while stunting and wasting IPIs were present in 60.2% and 36.6%, respectively. IPIs were present in 47.2%, and 11.4% showed polyparasitism. Soil-transmitted helminths were found to be the commonest (Ascaris lumbricoides: 21.1%; Trichuris trichiura: 13.0%; and hookworms: 8.1%) followed by the intestinal protozoa (Enterobius vermicularis: 7.3, Giardia lamblia: 6.5, and Cryptosporidium spp.: 2.4%). Increasing age upto 5 years, improper excreta disposal, low level of maternal education, and a higher number of childrenin the family were predictors of IPIs. The prevalence of IPI was significantly associated with Grade II and III undernutrition, stunting, and wasting. Individually, Ascaris and hookworms contributed significantly to stunting and cryptosporidium spp. to wasting.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of IPI in malnourished under-five children is high. Joint nutritional interventional strategies, early diagnosis/treatment of under-five children, and increased awareness among masses are imperative to break the vicious cycle of malnutrition and parasitic diseases.
Clinical profile of hemophilia B patients from Karnataka
Authors: Kulkarni Sujayendra , Hegde Rajat , Hegde Smita , Kulkarni Suyamindra S. , Hanagvadi Suresh , Das Kusal K. , Kolagi Sanjeev , Gai Pramod B. , Bulagouda Rudragouda S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The most prevalent severe inherited hemorrhagic condition is hemophilia, which means “love of blood.” Hemophilia A and B are caused by a lack or malfunction of the factor VIII and factor IX proteins.

Objective:
The present study is to determine the prevalence and clinical profile of hereditary coagulation disorder, particularly hemophilia B, in Karnataka.

Methods:
The study comprised 150 HB patients with a mean age of 25, nmale = 148 and nfemale = 2. The samples were collected from hemophilia societies across Karnataka. The detailed history of HB patients was recorded in a predesigned Performa regarding family history, age, time of first bleed, site of the bleed, and bleeding history.

Result:
In our study cohort, the majority of the 58 (38.7%) cases belong to 21–30 years of age. The mean age of onset was 2.0 ± 1.0 years in severe, 7.5 ± 2.8 0 years in moderate, and 10.0 ± 3.5 years in mild HB patients. Out of 150 HB cases, 102 (68%) cases were diagnosed as severe, 30 (20%) as moderate, and 18 (12%) as mild. Mean factor IX levels were 0.6 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 1.3, and 8.0 ± 2.6 in the severe, moderate, and mild group, respectively. A family history of bleeding was observed in 97 [64.7%] HB patients. Forty-seven (32.3%) HB patients had a history of consanguinity. The most common initial site of bleed was in joints in 86 [57.3%].

Conclusion:
The present study is one of the fewer studies from Karnataka studying the demographic and clinicopathological features of hemophilia B. Early diagnosis can be only helpful with knowledge of spectral presentation of hemophilia B in a local population.
COVID-19 vaccination: Is it a matter of concern?
Authors: Kushwaha Poonam , Pundhir Ashish , Gahlot Anju 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
COVID-19 vaccination is still a matter of concern among the public since its inception. Primary care physicians being in prime position can share accurate and ample information about COVID-19 vaccination so we estimated proportion and determinants of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with Covishield vaccine, vaccination and reasons of non-vaccination.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021. Data collection was done by using data capture tool Epicollect-5. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of AEFI and vaccine acceptance with various demographic variables.

Results:
Of 520 subjects, 408 got vaccinated, and of these 125 (30.6%) developed AEFI. Females without AEFI had lower median age than females having AEFI. Only religion (aOR = 5.311; 95% CI: 1. 216–23.1) was significantly associated with AEFI. Education (aOR = 0.399; 95% CI: 0. 199–0.799), marital status (aOR = 0.459; 95% CI: 0. 245–0.858), and religion (aOR = 3.874; 95% CI: 1. 96–7.648) were significantly associated with vaccination. Most common local AEFIs were inflammation (46; 36.8%) followed by lump (10; 8%) at the site of injection. Most common systemic AEFI were fever (87; 69.6%), feeling unwell (65; 52%), generalized weakness/fatigue (30; 20%), tiredness (26; 20.8%), flu-like symptoms (12; 9.6%), dizziness (10; 8%), headache (8; 6.4%) and gastrointestinal events (7; 5.6%).

Conclusion:
Most of the AEFI were mild and transient, resolved without any medical management. This study warrants active reporting of AEFI, public release of safety, and efficacy data. Primary care physicians can play a pivotal role by targeted awareness campaigns and trust-building activities to alleviate fear and anxiety related to vaccine.
The knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer and screening practices among males in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alothman Abdulrahman Musaad , Altamimi Alhanouf Fahad , Alhenaki Alanoud Waleed , Almansour Nouf Mohammed , Alhusaini Abdulrhman Khalid , Alateeq Fahad 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Early-stage prostate cancer can be asymptomatic. The digital rectal exam (DRE) and the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test are usually used for prostate cancer screening. This study aims to assess knowledge and attitudes towards prostate cancer screening among males in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on Saudi males above the age of 40. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed online.

Results:
A total of 368 males completed the questionnaire. In the studied group, 64.5% had heard about prostate cancer through social media (46.7%), the internet (40.1%), or healthcare providers (18.6%). In addition, around 20.3% of the participants had heard about the PSA screening test. Moreover, 55.2% of participants had an inadequate level of knowledge about prostate cancer and the PSA test, while 53.1% had a negative attitude.

Conclusion:
There was a poor level of knowledge and attitude towards screening for prostate cancer among males in Saudi Arabia. This could be due to the lack of education on the risks of prostate cancer by healthcare providers.