bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of energetic and exergetic performances of new-generation alternative to the R404A refrigerants in vapor compression refrigeration system
Authors: Şahin Arzu Şencan , Yıldırım Ragıp 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the energetic and exergetic performance of subcooled and superheated vapor compression refrigeration system utilizing data mining techniques. New-generation refrigerants R457A and R459B, considered alternatives to R404A, were utilized in the system. The analysis focuses on the impact of temperatures in the subcooling, superheating, condenser and evaporator. Data mining methods including multilayer perceptron (MLP), linear regression, M5 rules, M5P model tree (M5P), random committee and decision table models were used to estimate both energy and exergy efficiencies. The MLP model proved to be the most effective approach for predicting the energy (COP) and exergy efficiencies of R457A and R459B. When the predicted and actual COP values were compared, R-squared (R2) values of 0.9997 and 0.9994 were obtained for R457A and R459B, respectively. Similarly, the R2 values for exergy efficiency were 0.9984 and 0.9989 for the same refrigerants. These results demonstrate the successful application of data mining, in particular the MLP model, in evaluating the complex processes involved in refrigeration system performance analysis. This approach provides engineers with a fast, accurate and user-friendly method for predicting the behavior of refrigeration systems.
Medication-induced causes of delirium in patients with and without dementia: a systematic review of published neurology guidelines
Authors: Weidmann Anita Elaine , Proppé Guðný Björk , Matthíasdóttir Rut , Tadić Ivana , Gunnarsson Pétur Sigurdur , Jónsdóttir Freyja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
While medication is a recognized risk factor of delirium, there is currently a lack of detailed information on managing and preventing medication-induced cases.

Aim
This review summarizes the information provided in neurology guidelines on medication-induced delirium in patients with and without dementia to inform guidance on prevention and management strategies.

Method
A systematic literature review was conducted across 114 neurological and medical organisations, Guideline Central and PubMed. Guidelines, consensus guidelines, white papers, frameworks, protocols, standard procedures, action plans and strategic documents detailing the prevention and management of medication-induced delirium in adults with or without dementia were included. Title and full-text screening was completed independently by two reviewers using PICOS. AGREE II was used to assess reporting quality. A data extraction tool was designed based on the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Review Group (EPOC) checklist and a mixed methods approach to synthesis adopted. The systematic review protocol was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [ID: CRD42022366025].

Results
Out of 143 guidelines identified, 30 were included. Information for 140 individual medications was extracted. Medications most frequently cited included sedatives (n = 24/80%), opioids (n = 22/73,3%), psychoactive drugs (n = 21/70%) + anti-convulsants (n = 14/46,7%), anti-cholinergic agents (n = 20/66,7%), antihistamines (n = 18/60%), and steroids (n = 16/53,3%). Despite a consistently high-quality rating (n = 19, 63,3%), the detail provided often lacks specificity about pharmacological mechanisms, individual risk, dosing instructions, associated symptoms, therapeutic alternatives and avoidable drug-drug combinations. In relation to dementia, detailed information on the use of antipsychotics, cholinesterase inhibitors and benzodiazepines was extracted. No papers were excluded based on their quality.

Conclusion
No single guideline contains enough information on the risk, prevention, and management of medication-induced delirium to sufficiently support clinical decision making.
Copper metallurgical slag as a sustainable precursor of iron oxide photocatalysts to remove indigo carmine dye from water using the photo-Fenton process
Authors: Valencia García Karen , Portilla-Sangabriel Melisa , Hernández-Gordillo Agileo , García-Mejía Tania-Ariadna , Ramírez-Zamora Rosa-María 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The synthesis of an efficient composite photo-Fenton nanocatalyst was investigated using acid leaching processes of copper slag (CS) with two types of citric acid (EC = edible and AR = analytical-grade reagent). For this purpose, citric acid at room temperature or at 40 °C was used to lixiviate the elements from CS, and then, the leachates were subjected to a thermal treatment (350 °C). The formation of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) accompanied with calcite as the main mineralogical phase was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The development of nanospheres dispersed in the calcite matrix and the proportion of γ-Fe2O3 in the catalyst or composite material were revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The catalyst performance in the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes was investigated in the degradation of the indigo carmine dye (IC, 10 ppm), achieving an efficiency of 96.1 ± 2.1% in 60 min, using 5 mM of H2O2 (30% weight) and UV-light (λ = 365 nm). The activity of these materials was analyzed and compared as a function of the specific surface area and the % γ-Fe2O3 in the composites. The preparation of maghemite-rich nanocomposite using the CS leachate, generated with edible citric acid, is an excellent alternative to substitute materials produced with analytical grade reagents because in the removal of IC dye, it showed similar efficiency, kinetics, and stability, but with lesser requirements of lamp energy radiation and doses of photocatalyst and oxidant, with respect to data reported in the literature.
Center frequency as optimal frequency of visual stimulation for spreading entrained gamma rhythms to other target brain regions in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Yoon Euisuk , Park Yeseung , Kim Hong Jun , Park Jaehyeok , Han Ji Won , Woo Se Joon , Yoo Seunghyup , Kim Ki Woong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gamma entrainment using 40 Hz sensory stimulation has shown promise in AD mouse models, but inconsistent results in AD patients, possibly due to interspecies and interindividual differences in center frequency (CF). This study aimed to investigate whether gamma rhythms entrained by visual stimulation at an individual’s CF can spread better than those at other frequency conditions in older adults. We entrained gamma rhythms in 32 cognitively normal older participants using light flickering at 32 Hz, 34 Hz, 36 Hz, 38 Hz, and 40 Hz. We identified each individual’s CF among these five frequencies and compared the spread, strength, and stability of gamma connectivity induced by light stimulation flickering at an individual’s CF with those at other frequencies using generalized estimating equation and repeated measures ANOVA. In about two-thirds of the participants, 32 Hz (40.6%) and 34 Hz (28.1%) were identified as CF. The mean spread, strength, and stability of gamma connectivity involving the visual cortex (GCV-NV) were higher than those do not involve the visual cortex (GCNV-NV, p < 0.05). Between the visual cortex and other brain regions, FLS induced with frequencies of high event related spectral perturbation values, including CF and non-center frequency (NCF) 1, generally induced broader, stronger, and more stable gamma connectivity compared to most other NCFs (p < 0.001 when comparing NCFs with either CF and NCF1 for both strength and spread; p = 0.012 when comparing CF and NCF3 for stability). Gamma rhythms entrained by visual stimulation may better spread to other brain regions when its frequency matched to the individual’s CF.
Investment evaluation of Augmented Reality-based
training: a human-centered model
Authors: Dallasega Patrick , Gualtieri Luca , Padovano Antonio , Rocca Giovanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite the proven benefits of augmented reality (AR) in human-centered training, its widespread adoption is hindered by industrial companies’ difficulties in justifying the required investments due to unclear financial implications. Thus, having a tool to economically evaluate AR solutions for training is crucial for companies aiming to invest in educational programs. Accurate investment estimations for AR-based training require detailed analysis and data estimation, especially for human-centered applications. In this work, we propose a model to evaluate the economic feasibility of investing in AR-based industrial training, particularly focusing on the costs and benefits of a human-centered approach. This model links AR-related and human-centric factors to the cost and benefit variables used in standard models to compute common economic indices. A comprehensive methodology has been developed to support the model’s creation and validation based on a case study approach. Functionalities to support data estimation and alternative selection have been integrated into the model to enhance the reliability of its outcomes. The research findings and case study results advance training strategies and the implementation of AR applications in industry. They offer companies operating in complex industrial contexts a simple-to-use tool for evaluating the costs/benefits ratio and thus overcoming common technical and organizational barriers by clarifying financial implications, which are often a significant obstacle to the widespread adoption of new technologies like AR, especially when considering human-centric applications.
Effect of Lachnanthocarpone on the Structural and Functional Properties of a Protein-Starch-Based Film: A Promising Alternative for Active Packaging
Authors: Ramirez-Álvarez Milanyela , Mesa-López Kevin , Duarte-Correa Yudy , Mesías Ricardo , Granda-Restrepo Diana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to their adaptability, plastics are used in everyday products, including food, which need to be protected to retard spoilage reactions like lipid oxidation. However, today, the interest is in developing active food packaging materials with natural compounds such as α-tocopherol and lachnanthocarpone (2,6-dihydroxy-9-phenyl-1H-phenalen-1-one). The first is a natural antioxidant that has been successfully incorporated in different films. The second is a powerful natural antioxidant, with more than twice the activity of Trolox in vitro, which has scarcely been explored for its application in food or food packaging. The objective of the study presented here was twofold: first, it intended to evaluate, through a solvent-casting technique, the effects of these two antioxidants on some properties of films based on cassava starch and concentrated whey protein, and second, it aimed to analyze the biodegradability and functionality of lachnanthocarpone for developing active packaging using a commercial fresh-semi-hard cheese as a reference food. Results of the study showed significant differences between the films with antioxidants and the control film (without antioxidants); thus, the latter had the highest light transmittance of the films, indicating that the food was subjected to more significant oxidative damage. On the other hand, the former showed biodegradability characteristics and less quantity of hexanal production after 30 days of storage, which demonstrated its protective effect on the reference food, leading to lower lipid oxidation. These results suggest that the developed films with incorporated antioxidants are a promising alternative for reducing plastic food packaging materials, with the added value of oxidative protection.
A case of atypical infantile de novo antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with neonatal ischemic stroke without any triggering risk factors as a “second hit” and review of the literature
Authors: Bor Doruk , Bor Mustafa Vakur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Infantile antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare condition arising from either transplacental transfer of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) from the mother or de novo antibody production in the newborn. We present a unique case of cerebral artery thrombosis with persistently elevated anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein-I antibodies, despite the absence of maternal aPL, suggesting primary de novo aPL synthesis. While the prevailing “second-hit” hypothesis suggests that additional thrombotic risk factors are required to trigger APS in infants, our case exhibited no prenatal, maternal, or thrombophilic risk factors. A literature review of 20 reported cases further confirmed that ours was the only case without additional thrombotic triggers among the 18 cases with complete data, challenging the necessity of a “second hit” in neonatal APS. Notably, aPL levels normalized over time without recurrence, raising questions about the need for long-term anticoagulation in select cases, including ours. These findings suggest a potential transient form of infantile APS and highlight the importance of sequential aPL testing to guide treatment. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying de novo aPL synthesis and its clinical implications.
Strategies principals used to develop teachers’ psychological empowerment in primary schools, Ethiopia: qualitative study
Authors: Berhanu Kelemu Zelalem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The idea of empowerment has gained popularity recently as a powerful tool for improving organizational efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine strategies principals used to develop teachers’ psychological empowerment. A case study research approach was employed. Information was obtained from nine teachers and five principals through interviews. As a result, to empower teachers’ sense of meaning about their job, principals facilitate teachers to be internally motivated, memorize teachers about the tasks, dignity of the teaching profession, make teachers share experiences, associate the work environment with teachers’ personalities, and show students’ success. Principals also develop teachers’ sense of competency by providing different advice and ways, encouraging teachers to peer and self-assessments, providing training, giving recognition and rewards, and giving freedom. Moreover, to develop teachers’ feelings of impact and autonomy, principals recognize the contribution of teachers, share experiences, make teachers feel influential, encourage self-assessment, and provide autonomy to choose their instructional activities. Finally, to develop teachers’ sense of goal internalization, principals work together with teachers to draft school’s goals, remember school’s goals in different meetings, and so forth. This study also supports principals in developing and implementing effective empowerment strategies and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4. Academically, this study adds something special to the body of knowledge on teacher empowerment in Ethiopian schools and offers insightful information for further research and real-world applications by highlighting the significance of various empowerment strategies to resource-constrained and culturally particular situations like Ethiopia.
On Consistently Assessing Alleged Mnemonic Systems (or, why isn’t Immune Memory “really” Memory?)
Authors: Colaço David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How should we assess systems whose mnemonic status is contested? There are, for instance, debates over whether immune memory is “really” memory, or akin to memory as ordinarily attributed to human cognition. In this paper, I challenge two arguments often given by detractors in this debate. The first is that the system does not exhibit errors exemplified in human memory. The second is that it can be described and explained in causal terms alone. I argue that our limited knowledge of the causal basis of immunological phenomena and human memory undercuts our ability to conclude that one is merely causal while the other is not. By consequence, it is unclear why we should reject that the immune system exhibits these errors. With my challenges, I question whether we are consistent in assessing alleged mnemonic systems. Though we have schematic causal accounts of both systems, we have differing expectations of what we can conclude about them. Yet, it is unclear what might warrant appeals to these expectations.
Harmonized Standards in the Public Domain? Better Not …
Authors: Tzoulia Eleni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study critically examines the CJEU’s judgment in the case Public.Resource.Org, Inc., Right to Know CLG v European Commission on public access to harmonized standards. The study argues that these standards, as private documents held by the European Commission, are in principle subject to IP rights and should not be made unconditionally accessible for product safety or other sustainability-related purposes. The Court’s decision in this case reflects an overly permissive interpretation of the “overriding interest” concept under Art. 4(2) in fine of Regulation 1049/2001, deviating from established case law and raising competitive concerns. Determining whether an interest justifies the disclosure of an IP-protected EU institution document requires case-by-case assessments through a three-step test. This interest must be “public”, concrete, and “pressing”, without negating the underlying IP rights, while also adhering to the principle of proportionality.
Fracture mechanics analysis of steel bolted joints using a 3D global model based on peridynamics theory
Authors: Jinhai Zhao , Huanhuan Sun , Noroozinejad Farsangi Ehsan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The bolted joint is a crucial component of a steel structure, directly impacting the safety and reliability of the entire structure. At present, the linear elastic theory is used in the joint design of steel structures, but it fails to reflect the process of crack initiation and propagation clearly. The traditional methods of fracture mechanics, finite element method and extended finite element method are all based on differential calculation to analyze structural damage and failure. Still, the crack tip has a singularity and requires dynamic mesh division, and the precision of the local displacement field is insufficient. To this aim, the theoretical basis of peridynamics (PD) theory that uses an integral algorithm can be developed to solve and analyze problems, which would avoid the shortcomings of traditional methods. Therefore, in this paper, the 3D PD theory was introduced into the practical engineering field of bolted joints for the first time, and a new method was developed for the damage and failure analysis of these structural elements. To avoid directly considering the complex forces between the bolt and the hole wall, the PD physical model of the bolt and the base material as a whole was established, and the PD theoretical analysis program was developed to disperse the bolt and the base material into PD particles. By analyzing the interaction of PD particles under external load, the damage mechanism of bolts and base metal at different positions was analyzed. At the same time, PD analysis and finite element results are combined with actual structural failure forms to verify the accuracy of PD theoretical results. It provides a new theoretical basis and analysis tool for bolted connection design in the engineering field, which can help structural engineers to design more optimized bolted connections for steel structures.
Pediatric Headache Management in the Emergency Department: A Review of Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Mourid Marina Ramzy , Oweidat Majd , Okesanya Olalekan John , Abady Eslam Moumen Ali , Deeba Farah , Oboli Victor N. , Alsabri Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Pediatric headaches are a common issue in emergency departments (EDs), presenting unique challenges in diagnosis and management.

Objectives
This review aims to explore the current landscape of pediatric headache management in EDs, identify challenges, and suggest solutions.

Methods
A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to gather literature on pediatric headache management in EDs. Articles published in English within the last 10 years were prioritized, with key older studies considered. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing pediatric headache management in ED settings, while exclusion criteria removed studies on adult populations, non-ED settings, and non-peer-reviewed articles.

Results
The review highlights the complex nature of pediatric headaches, encompassing diverse presentations and underlying causes. Challenges include difficulties in accurate diagnosis, variations in treatment approaches, and the need for interdisciplinary care. Recent advancements in technology and non-pharmacologic treatments have shown promise.

Conclusion
Effective pediatric headache management in EDs requires improved diagnostic strategies, a multidisciplinary approach, and ongoing research to enhance patient treatment options and outcomes.
Decision-Making and Clustering Algorithms Based on the Scored-Energy of Hesitant Fuzzy Soft Sets
Authors: Alcantud José Carlos R. , Stojanović Nenad , Djurović Ljubica , Laković Maja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel numerical characteristic of hesitant fuzzy soft sets called their scored-energy. We introduce this concept as a combination of two very different tools, namely, scores of hesitant fuzzy elements and singular values of a (not- necessarily square) matrix. The latter idea replicates the concept of energy or nuclear norm of a matrix, which has excellent analytical abilities in graph theory and applications in fields such as statistics or signal processing. Natural algorithms establish applications of scored-energies to both clustering and decision-making. Through examples, we demonstrate how these new techniques are efficient and implementable in practice. Comparisons are conducted that prove their validity, reliability, and credibility.
Impact of climate change on the hydrological regime in a small watershed of the tropical Andean Plateau
Authors: Mena-Rentería Darwin , Peña-Guzmán Carlos , Sierra Ronal , Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of climate change on the hydrological regime of a small watershed in the Tropical Andean Plateau in Colombia. We used modeling tool Hydro-BID, a specialized software with hydrological and climatic modules that can evaluate the hydrological processes to generate models. This tool has the potential to inform water resource management and planning in Latin America and the Caribbean. To simulate future hydrologic flows, we selected the MOI-ESM-MR-CORDEX model for precipitation and the MOI-ESM-MR model for temperature. Projections for precipitation and temperature on a reduced scale were calculated using a method based on chaos theory for three representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios designated 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 based on global climate models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs). The results of the calibration process showed that the evaluated hydrological parameters are better represented by the model at a monthly scale. In addition, the climate change model showed an estimated increase in the average streamflow of 2.1% to 6% compared to a base scenario that represented current conditions (1.22 m3 s−1), with flow rates of 1.28 m3 s−1, 1.24 m3 s−1, and 1.29 m3 s−1 for RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. These values, associated with a significant increase in precipitation and a decrease in temperature, are expected for the Tropical Andean Plateau watersheds of Colombia. The results obtained in this study are useful for water resource planners and policy makers, especially for the management of water supply infrastructure, flood risk, and agricultural productivity in the area.