bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Parameterization of Interstitial Aerosol Extinction and Its Application to Marine Cloud Brightening
Authors: Hoffmann Fabian , Mayer Bernhard , Feingold Graham 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is a geoengineering approach to counteract climate change by the deliberate seeding of sea salt aerosol particles that, once they activated to cloud droplets, directly increase cloud reflectance and hence global albedo. However, a large fraction of the seeded aerosol may remain interstitial, i.e., unactivated particles among cloud droplets. Because the consideration of interstitial aerosol optical properties usually requires computationally expensive simulations of the entire particle spectrum and direct Mie calculations, we develop a simple parameterization to be used with computationally efficient bulk and even bin cloud microphysical schemes that do not treat the unactivated aerosol explicitly. Using parcel and large-eddy simulations with highly detailed Lagrangian cloud microphysics and direct Mie calculations as a reference, we show that the parameterization captures the variability in the interstitial aerosol extinction successfully. By applying the parameterization to typical MCB cases, we find that the consideration of interstitial aerosol extinction is important for the assessment of MCB in shallow clouds with weak updrafts, in which only a small fraction of aerosol particles is activated to cloud droplets.

Significance Statement
The optical properties of clouds are not only determined by the number and size of cloud droplets. Unactivated aerosol particles, so-called interstitial aerosol, can contribute substantially to the optical thickness of shallow clouds with weak updrafts in aerosol-laden conditions. The consideration of interstitial aerosol optical thickness has been computationally challenging, but the new parameterization presented here allows for an efficient representation in various types of cloud models. The parameterization is shown to be an important addition for the assessment of marine cloud brightening (MCB), a potential geoengineering technique to counteract global warming by increasing the cloud albedo through the deliberate seeding of aerosol.
Nationwide Analysis of Motorcycle-Associated Injuries and Fatalities in the United States: Insufficient Prevention Policies or Abandoned Laws?
Authors: Ngatuvai Micah , Rosander Abigail , Maka Piueti , Beeton George , Fanfan Dino , Sen-Crowe Brendon , Newsome Kevin , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: July 2022

Background Motorcycle road traffic collisions are a major cause of mortality in the United States. We aimed to analyze the temporal and statewide trends in motorcycle collision fatalities (MCFs) nationwide and their association with state laws regarding motorcycle helmet requirements, lane splitting, speeding, intoxicating driving, and red light cameras. Methods A retrospective review of United States MCF/capita from 2015 to 2019 was performed using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System database. MCF/capita was defined as a motorcyclist death per 100 000 motorcyclist registrations. Independent-samples t-test and ANOVA were used to determine differences, with significance defined as P < .05. Linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation were used to further determine associations between variables. Results The majority of fatalities occurred in males (n = 21 354, 91.0%), ages 25-54 (n = 13 728, 58.5%), and Caucasians (n = 19 195, 81.8%). A total of 24 states and DC exhibited positive trends in MCF/capita from 2015 to 2019. There was no significant difference in MCF/capita between states who had mandatory helmet laws for all, partial requirements, and states with no law (63.4 vs 54.3 vs 33.6, P = .360). Among fatalities involving alcohol, a significantly greater number of MCF/capita were found above the legal limit of .08 compared to the group with a blood alcohol concentration of .01-.07 (17.8 vs 4.5, P < .001). Conclusion Motorcyclist fatalities continue to pose a public health risk, with 24 states showing an upward trend. Additional interventions and laws are needed to decrease the number of motorcyclist deaths. Further strategy on implementation and enforcement of helmet laws and alcohol consumption may be an essential component.
Innovative Governance in the Indian Market Regime Through Regulatory Impact Assessment: An Analysis
Authors: Yadav Abha , Tiwari Pooja 
Published: July 2022

Regulatory impact assessment is necessary for determining the need for policies and a scientific, logical guide to designing them, when necessary. It involves a step-by-step approach comprising problem definition, baseline regulatory assessment, comparison of alternatives and selection of regulations that have the potential to result in the highest net benefits to society. To address inconsistencies and systematise regulatory uniformity in India, regulatory impact assessment of the Indian legislative framework has emerged as a much-needed impetus. Innovative governance system may be employed as a mechanism by regulatory bodies that shall ensure effective steering of regulatory impact assessment process. Aligning with the laid regulatory goals and objectives, this process backed by innovative technologies may further assist in managing the complex and cross-functional regulatory activities. We try to shift the narrative from ‘governance and technology’ where a friction between the two could be a presupposition to the concept of ‘governance with technology’ which is all encompassing and enabling. In this article, we will analyse the need and scope of regulatory impact assessment within the existing Indian legal regime. To weigh potential risks and trade-offs in the regulatory sector, we will further explore the impact of regulatory assessment on competitiveness in the market. Thereafter, we will examine the use and adaptation of regulatory impact assessment tools. Lastly, we will explore the scope for the use of technological innovations in conducting regulatory impact assessment in India.
Community-Based Workforce for COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Prevention Activities in New York City, July–December 2020
Authors: Udeagu Chi-Chi N. , Huang Jamie , Misra Kavita , Terilli Thomas , Ramos Yasmin , Alexander Martha , Kim Christine , Madad Syra , Williams Reba , Bethala Samira , Pitiranggon Masha , Blaney Kathleen , Keeley Chris , Bray Jackie , Long Theodore , Vora Neil M. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: High rates of hospitalization and death disproportionately affected Black, Latino, and Asian residents of New York City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. To suppress COVID-19 transmission, New York City implemented a workforce of community engagement specialists (CESs) to conduct home-based contact tracing when telephone numbers were lacking or telephone-based efforts were unsuccessful and to disseminate COVID-19 information and sanitary supplies. Materials and Methods: We describe the recruitment, training, and deployment of a multilingual CES workforce with diverse sociodemographic backgrounds during July–December 2020 in New York City. We developed standard operating procedures for infection control and safety measures, procured supplies and means of transportation, and developed protocols and algorithms to efficiently distribute workload. Results: From July through December 2020, 519 CESs were trained to conduct in-person contact tracing and activities in community settings, including homes, schools, and businesses, where they disseminated educational materials, face masks, hand sanitizer, and home-based specimen collection kits. During the study period, 94 704 records of people with COVID-19 and 61 246 contacts not reached by telephone-based contact tracers were referred to CESs. CESs attempted home visits or telephone calls with 84 230 people with COVID-19 and 49 303 contacts, reaching approximately 55 592 (66%) and 35 005 (71%), respectively. Other CES activities included monitoring recently arrived travelers under quarantine, eliciting contacts at point-of-care testing sites, and advising schools on school-based COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Practice Implications: This diverse CES workforce allowed for safe, in-person implementation of contact tracing and other prevention services for individuals and communities impacted by COVID-19. This approach prioritized equitable delivery of community-based support services and resources.
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-Agger Nasi Approach for Resection of Ossifying Fibroma Involving the Anterior Skull Base: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Note
Authors: Xiong Qinglan , Feng Xiaoshan , Fan Yunping , Sun Yueqi 
Published: July 2022

Objective A variety of approaches for resection of the ossifying fibromas in sinonasal cavities have been described. However, for those involving the anterior skull base, endoscopic surgery remains challenging because of limitations in identification of tumor boundaries from the anterior skull base and proper control of the tumor-feeding vessel. This study aimed to describe a technique for resection of ossifying fibromas involving the anterior skull base through an endoscopic endonasal trans-agger nasi approach, based on anatomic studies and surgeries. Methods Two human cadaveric heads were prepared for study of the anatomic relationship between agger nasi and anterior skull base. Two clinical cases were used to illustrate the technique and feasibility of the approach. Results The agger nasi was located anterior and inferior to the frontal ostium and the anterior skull base. The frontal ostium and anterior skull base could be visualized and accessed under the 0-degree endoscope by removing the agger nasi. Application of the endoscopic endonasal trans-agger nasi approach in the two patients resulted in complete resection of the tumors with no surgical complications. Conclusions An endoscopic endonasal trans-agger nasi approach provides a direct access to the anterior skull base. It would be feasible, effective, and safe for selected cases of ossifying fibroma involving anterior skull base.
Prevalence and determinants of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue five years after total knee replacement
Authors: Hodges Alison , Harmer Alison R. , Dennis Sarah , March Lyn , Crawford Ross , Parker David 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and predictors of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue five years after total knee replacement surgery.DesignA longitudinal cohort study.SettingCommunity-dwelling adults who had previously undergone total knee replacement.MethodsFive-year follow-up questionnaire data were obtained from participants previously enrolled in a randomised controlled trial examining rehabilitation after total knee replacement. Main study outcomes at one year did not differ between randomisation groups, hence data were pooled for the present longitudinal analysis. Before and one and five years after surgery, participants completed questionnaires (Active Australia Survey, WOMAC, SF12 v2, demographics and fatigue).Results272/422 community-dwelling adults (45–74 years) completed the questionnaires at five years. Excessive sedentary behaviour was evident in 91% of the cohort, predicted by excessive sedentary behaviour and lack of energy at one year. Inadequate physical activity at five years was evident for 59% of the cohort, predicted by higher fatigue and comorbidity scores pre-surgery and inadequate physical activity at one year. Just under half (47%) of the cohort experienced clinically-important fatigue at five years, predicted by clinically-important fatigue before and one year after surgery, lack of sleep before surgery and physical activity one year after surgery.ConclusionDocumenting physical activity, sedentary behaviour and fatigue before and one year after knee replacement is important to identify those at risk of longer-term inadequate physical activity, excessive sedentary behaviour and clinically-important fatigue. Interventions to maintain activity and reduce sedentary behaviour are needed to reap the potential health benefits of total knee replacement surgery.
Examining the role of systemic chronic inflammation in diet and sleep relationship
Authors: Hepsomali Piril , Groeger John A 
Published: July 2022

Background: It is well known that systemic chronic inflammation (SCI), which can be modulated by diet, is associated with poor sleep outcomes. However, the role of SCI in diet health and sleep quality relationship has not been well established. Methods: Here, by using the UK Biobank data set, we assessed the association between markers of SCI (leukocyte, platelet, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and basophil counts; C-reactive protein levels and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), habitual intake of food groups, diet health and sleep quality in 449,084 participants. We also formally tested the possibility that SCI might mediate the relationship between diet health and sleep quality. Results: Our results revealed (i) negative associations between SCI and food groups that are abundant in healthy diets (fruit, vegetable and oily and non-oily fish) and (ii) positive associations between SCI and food groups that are abundant in unhealthy diets (processed meat). Sleep quality was also negatively associated with platelet counts, CRP levels and NLR. Crucially, however, while platelet and neutrophil counts, CRP levels and NLR fully mediated the association between diet health and sleep quality, leukocyte, lymphocyte and basophil counts partially mediated the associations between diet health and sleep quality. Conclusion: Reducing SCI via dietary interventions could be an effective primary and/or complementary strategy to increase sleep quality. Further interventional trials are warranted to (i) establish the strength of associations, preferably by using validated diet and sleep measures and (ii) examine longer term effects of anti-inflammatory diets on sleep-, diet- and inflammation-related health outcomes.
Effects of CYP2D6*4 polymorphism on the steady-state concentration of paroxetine in patients diagnosed with depressive episode and comorbid alcohol use disorder
Authors: Zastrozhin Mikhail , Skryabin Valentin , Petukhov Aleksey , Pankratenko Elena , Pozdniakov Sergei , Ivanchenko Valentina , Horyaev Denis , Vlasovskih Roman , Bryun Evgeny , Sychev Dmitry 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a common and increasing use for the treatment of patients diagnosed with depressive disorders. Some of them do not respond adequately to therapy, and numerous previous studies have indicated an increased risk of type A adverse drug reactions. Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of 1846G>A polymorphism of CYP2D6 on the concentration/dose ratio of paroxetine. Material and methods: The study enrolled 267 patients with depressive episode (average age, 40.3 ± 14.3 years). Therapy included paroxetine in an average daily dose of 25.1 ± 9.5 mg per day. The efficacy and safety rates of treatment were evaluated using the international psychometric scales. For genotyping, we performed the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Therapeutic drug monitoring has been performed using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results: Our study revealed the statistically significant results in terms of treatment efficacy (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores): ( GG) 2.0 [1.0; 3.0] and ( GA) 4.0 [2.0; 5.0], p < 0.001; meanwhile, no statistically significant results were obtained for the safety profile (Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) Scale scores): ( GG) 3.0 [2.0; 3.0] and ( GA) 3.0 [3.0; 4.0], p = 0.056. We revealed the statistically significant results for the concentration/dose ratio of paroxetine in patients with different genotypes: ( GG) 2.803 [2.154; 4.098] and ( GA) 5.098 [3.560; 7.241], p < 0.001. Conclusion The effect of CYP2D6*4 genetic polymorphism on the efficacy profile of paroxetine was demonstrated in a group of 267 patients with depressive disorder.
The impact of business model workforce configurations on value creation and value appropriation in the Australian aged care sector
Authors: Brown David A , Ma Nelson , Yang Jin Sug , Sutton Nicole , McAllister Gillian , Parker Deborah , Rawlings-Way Olivia , Lewis Rachael L 
Published: July 2022

This article examines the influence of business model workforce configurations on value creation and capture in a skills-based service setting, extending previous research on business model performance. We investigate workforce configurations (higher versus lower stability and skills) and value creation and appropriation in aged care organisations. More skilled and stable workforces are associated with greater value creation but not appropriation, while less skilled and less stable workforces are associated with lower value creation and higher appropriation. This informs a substantive challenge in delivering value creation while ensuring financially viable business models in a sector with significant consequences for quality failure. JEL Classification: J24 - Human Capital • Skills • Occupational Choice • Labor Productivity; L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior; M12 - Personnel Management; I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
Effect of Sacroiliac Joint Pain on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Matched Comparative Cohort Analysis at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Horner Nolan S. , Rice Morgan W. , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Ephron Christopher G. , Nho Shane J. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) may frequently have co-existing sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain. It is known that patients with lower back pain undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) have inferior outcomes; however, it is unclear what the effect of SIJ pain is on outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To determine whether patients undergoing hip arthroscopy with SIJ pain either subjectively or on physical examination achieve similar postoperative improvement in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) compared with patients without SIJ pain at 2-year follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS with SIJ pain were matched in a 1:2 ratio to controls without SIJ pain. Baseline demographics, as well as postoperative PROs and rates of achievement of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) or Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) at 2-year follow-up were compared between the 2 groups. Results: A total of 73 patients (75 hips) with SIJ pain were matched to 150 control patients (150 hips) without SIJ pain. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement in all PROs at 2 years ( P < .05 for all). Patients with SIJ pain had significantly lower postoperative PRO scores for the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) (SIJ pain: 80.4 ± 22.4 vs no SIJ pain: 88.0 ± 15.1; P = .006), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) (SIJ pain: 73.2 ± 22.8 vs no SIJ pain: 80.0 ± 17.3; P < .001), and International Hip Outcome Tool–12 questionnaire (iHOT-12) (SIJ pain: 61.7 ± 25.9 vs no SIJ pain: 73.7 ± 23.7; P = .008). There were no statistically significant differences in improvement (delta) in PRO scores between the 2 groups ( P > .05 for all). The SIJ pain group had significantly lower achievement of MCID for the HOS-ADL (SIJ pain: 65.2% vs no SIJ pain: 80.5%; P = .044) but not HOS-SS, mHHS, or iHOT-12 ( P > .05 for all). The SIJ pain group had significantly lower achievement of PASS for the mHHS (SIJ pain: 27.5% vs no SIJ pain: 45.3%; P = .030) and iHOT-12 (SIJ pain: 31.0% vs no SIJ pain: 56.0%; P = .010) but not the HOS-ADL and HOS-SS ( P > .05 for both). Only 4.1% of patients with SIJ pain and 2.4% of controls required revision surgery or converted to THA at the time of final follow-up ( P = .69). Conclusion: Patients with FAIS and SIJ pain on history or physical examination experience significant improvement in PROs at 2 years after hip arthroscopy. However, they may be less likely to achieve the MCID or PASS and have significantly lower postoperative PROs compared with a matched cohort of patients without SIJ pain. Overall rates of revision and conversion to THA were similarly low in both groups.
Availability of Facilities and Interest towards Entrepreneurship among Rural Small Holders’ Farmers of Coastal Districts in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vijila Y. , Kanaka V. Maria Shirin 
Published: July 2022

Agriculture has been, for a very long period of time, the main activity for people in rural areas. The climate change, in addition, exiguity of farming land due to the growth of the population, farming has become difficult. Different regions of the world are not affected in an unequal number of disasters and coastal areas are more exposed. Governments, NGOs and researchers have tried to come up with some new remedies. The best way seems to be initiating some allied activities in farmers’ lives to improve their livelihoods. Are the farmers easily welcoming the new exit way to their misery? This study wants to know the interest of farmers towards livelihood enhancement activities through entrepreneurship from Thiurvallur district to Kanyakumari district in Tamil Nadu comprising 13 districts. The data was collected among 286 small landholders through a scheduled interview between October 2020 and February 2021. It wants to assess the existing facilities to improve farmers’ livelihood at their disposal. Major findings through SEM analysis have shown that, holding livestock, possessing machinery for agriculture, possessing other skills than farming to manage livelihood and the membership in self-help groups has a positive impact on the livelihood enhancement activity.
Curcumin-Impregnated Drug Delivery Systems May Show Promise in the Treatment of Diseases Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury: Systematic Review
Authors: Yilmaz İbrahim , Karaarslan Numan , Somay Hakan , Ozbek Hanefi , Ates Ozkan 
Published: July 2022

Objective To find out whether curcumin can be effective in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A comprehensive and systematic literature search in the PubMed electronic database was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data obtained. The results were presented as frequency and percentage (%) or amount. Results Two clinical trials investigated curcumin for the treatment of TBI. One study tested curcumin in living mammalian subjects using an amyloLipid nanovesicle. In three studies, curcumin was investigated together with the drug delivery system for the treatment of TBI. Conclusion Drug delivery systems prepared with nanomaterials may have a potential therapeutic effect in treating TBI by increasing neuroprotection because they can penetrate the central nervous system more rapidly.