bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super responders: Predicting language gains from JASPER among limited language children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Panganiban Jonathan , Kasari Connie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly intervention can provide a great benefit for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, no single intervention is effective for all children. Even when an intervention is effective overall, individual child response varies. Some children make incredible progress, and others make slow or no progress. Therefore, it is important that the field move towards developing methods to personalize intervention. Operationalizing meaningful change and predicting intervention response are critical steps in designing systematic and personalized early intervention. The present research used improvement in expressive language to group children that received a targeted social communication early intervention, Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement, and Regulation (JASPER), into super responders and slow responders. Using baseline data from traditional standardized assessments of cognition and behavioral data from validated experimental measures of play and social communication, we used conditional inference tree models to predict responder status. From a sample of 99 preschool age, limited language children with ASD, play diversity was the most significant predictor of responder status. Children that played functionally with a wider variety of toys had increased odds of being a super responder to JASPER. A combination of lower play diversity and impairments in fine motor abilities increased the odds of children being slow responders to JASPER. Results from the present study can inform future efforts to individualize intervention and systematic approaches to augmenting treatment in real time.Lay SummaryTo help us answer the question of for whom an intervention works best, we examined 99 children, age three to five, who qualified as being limited spoken language communicators, and received a targeted intervention for social communication and language. We used child characteristics before intervention to predict which children would improve their language the most and found that the ability to play appropriately with a wider variety of toys predicted the best improvements in expressive language. These findings will help better inform future work to individualize intervention based on the unique needs of each child.
Activists' and social entrepreneurs' approaches towards consumer culture: Providing a protective space for sustainability transitions
Authors: Enthoven Margo P. M. , Thelken Hendrik N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSocial entrepreneurs and activists can contribute to sustainability transitions by influencing consumer culture. This can provide a protective space to shelter new sustainability solutions from market pressures until they are ready to scale to the mass market. We study how social entrepreneurs and activists within a sustainable market niche attempt to influence consumer culture. Using grounded theory, we analyse interviews with 26 activists and social entrepreneurs in the market for alternatives to animal products in the Netherlands. We find a synergy where social entrepreneurs' strategies pull consumers into sustainable consumption while activists' strategies focus push consumers out of unsustainable consumption. These strategies contain four tactics: connecting to, showing contrast with and broadening consumers' connection to values associated with sustainable consumerism and a radical innovation tactic. We show how strategies for consumer culture change interact on the niche level of sustainability transitions to create a protective space for sustainability solutions.
Pediatric paranasal sinuses—Development, growth, pathology, & functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Lee Sophie , Fernandez Justin , Mirjalili S. Ali , Kirkpatrick Joshua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses) are complex anatomical structures. The development and growth of these have been investigated utilizing a number of different methods ranging from cadaveric analysis to modern cross sectional imaging with 3D modeling. An understanding of normal pediatric paranasal sinus embryology and development enables us to better determine when pathology may be affecting the normal developmental process. Cystic fibrosis, chronic sinusitis, deviated nasal septum and cleft lip and palate are some of the conditions which have been shown to effect paranasal sinus development to varying degrees. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is becoming increasingly common and an understanding of sinus anatomy together with when periods of rapid growth occur during childhood is important clinically. Although concerns have been raised regarding the impact of FESS on facial growth, there is limited evidence of this in regards to either changes in anthropomorphic measurements or clinical assessments of symmetry post operatively.
Longitudinal monitoring by next‐generation sequencing of plasma cell‐free DNA in ALK rearranged NSCLC patients treated with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kwon Minsuk , Ku Bo mi , Olsen Steve , Park Sehhoon , Lefterova Martina , Odegaard Justin , Jung Hyun‐Ae , Sun Jong‐Mu , Lee Se‐Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Keunchil , Ahn Myung‐Ju 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with ALK‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (ALK+ NSCLC) inevitably acquire resistance to ALK inhibitors. Longitudinal monitoring of cell‐free plasma DNA (cfDNA) next‐generation sequencing (NGS) could predict the response and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in ALK+ NSCLC.MethodsPatients with ALK+ NSCLC determined by standard tissue testing and planned to undergo TKI therapy were prospectively recruited. Plasma was collected at pretreatment, 2 months‐post therapy, and at progression for cfDNA‐NGS analysis, Guardant 360.ResultsAmong 92 patients enrolled, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was detected in 69 baseline samples (75%): 43 ALK fusions (62.3%) and two ALK mutations without fusion (2.8%). Two patients showed ALK‐resistance mutations after ceritinib; G1202R, and co‐occurring G1202R and T1151R. Eight patients developed ALK resistance mutations after crizotinib therapy; L1196M (n = 5), G1269A (n = 1), G1202R (n = 1), and co‐occurring F1174L, G1202R, and G1269A (n = 1). Absence of ctDNA at baseline was significantly associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS; median 36.1 vs. 11.4 months, p = 0.0049) and overall survival (OS; not reached vs. 29.3 months, p = 0.0200). ctDNA clearance at 2 months (n = 29) was associated with significantly longer PFS (25.4 vs. 11.6 months, p = 0.0012) and OS (not reached vs. 26.1 months, p = 0.0307) than those without clearance (n = 22). Patients with co‐occurring TP53 alterations and ALK fusions at baseline (n = 16) showed significantly shorter PFS (7.28 vs. 13.0 months, p = 0.0307) than those without TP53 alterations (n = 25).ConclusionscfDNA‐NGS facilitates detection of ALK fusions and resistance mutations, assessment of prognosis, and monitoring dynamic changes of genomic alterations in ALK+ NSCLC treated with ALK‐TKI.
Characterization of 2‐Fluoro‐2’‐deoxyadenosine in Duplex, G‐Quadruplex and i‐Motif
Authors: Hirashima Shingo , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Park Soyoung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmong various kinds of fluorine‐substituted biomolecules, 2‐fluoroadenine (2FA) and its derivatives have been actively investigated as therapeutic reagents, radio‐sensitizers, and 19F NMR probes. In spite of their excellent properties, DNA containing 2FA has not been studied well. For fundamental understanding and future applications to the development of functional nucleic acids, we characterized 2FA‐containing oligonucleotides for canonical right‐handed DNA duplex, G‐quadruplex, and i‐motif structures. Properties of 2FA were similar to native adenine due to the small size of the fluorine atom, but it showed unique features caused by high electronegativity. This work provides useful information for future application of 2FA‐modified DNA.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Heterocyclic Carbon‐Boron Bond Formation
Authors: Hazra Subrata , Mahato Somenath , Kanti Das Kanak , Panda Santanu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeteroaryl boronic acids and esters are extremely important and valuable intermediates because of their wide application in the synthesis of marketed drugs and bioactive compounds. Over the last couple of decades, the construction of highly important heteroaryl carbon‐boron bonds has created huge attention. The transition‐metal‐free protocols are more green, less sensitive to air and moisture, and also economically advantageous over the transition‐metal‐based protocols. The transition‐metal‐free C−H borylation of heteroarenes and C−X (X=halogen) borylation of heteroaryl halides represents an excellent approach for their synthesis. Also, various cyclization and alkyne activation protocols have been recently established for their synthesis. The goal of this review article is to summarize the existing literature and the current state of the art for transition‐metal‐free synthesis of heteroaryl boronic acid and esters.
Solid‐Phase Peptide Modification via Deaminative Photochemical Csp3‐Csp3Bond Formation Using Katritzky Salts
Authors: Openy Joseph , Amrahova Gulshan , Chang Jen‐Yao , Noisier Anaïs , Hart Peter ‘t 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction of unnatural amino acids can significantly improve the binding affinity and stability of peptides. Commercial availability of such amino acids is limited, and their synthesis is a long and tedious process. We here describe a method that allows the functionalization of peptides directly on solid‐support by converting lysine residues to Katritzky salts, and subjecting them to a photochemical Giese reaction under mild reaction conditions. The method avoids the need for amino acid synthesis and instead offers a late‐stage modification route for rapid peptide diversification. While numerous modification approaches at the lysine amine have been described, this work provides the first example of deaminative functionalization of peptides at lysine. The two‐step protocol is compatible with various substrates, lysine analogues, resins, and all proteinogenic amino acids. Finally, by leveraging solid‐phase modification, this protocol facilitates the functionalization of longer peptides as was demonstrated using biologically relevant peptides of up to 15 amino acids.
Copper‐Catalyzed[3 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of Alkenes with Benzoquinones and Dicarbonyl Compounds via Tandem Oxidative Dicarbofunctionalization/Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Du Tianxing , Li Song , He Yunfei , Long Huan , Liu Xigong , Li Hai‐Bei , Liu Lei 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryDeveloped is an efficient three‐component [3 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of simple alkenes with two C—H substrates via oxidative dicarbofunctionalization/cyclization sequence. The copper‐catalyzed reaction involves the formation of two C—C bonds and one C—O bond through the cleavage of three C—H bonds in a single operation. The method has an excellent functional group tolerance, and features a broad substrate scope, affording a variety of functionalized chromenes in good yields.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Anti‐Markovnikov Hydroarylation of Enamides: Modular Synthesis of Arylethylamines
Authors: He Yijie , Du Chaoyu , Han Jian , Han Jie , Zhu Chengjian , Xie Jin 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryThe arylethylamine framework is a prevalent motif in a great range of biologically important organic compounds. One intractable task for frontline drug discovery is to find structurally new medicine candidates instead of opioid, based on the construction of a rich chemical space of arylethylamine motif. In this report, a practical protocol for the synthesis of arylethylamine functionality common in pharmaceutical chemicals has been developed. It proceeds by Mn‐catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov hydroarylation of electron‐rich enamides under mild conditions without the use of ligands. In spite of mismatched electronic effects during the manganese‐mediated migratory insertion process, both terminal and internal enamides can be regioselectively hydroarylated with various aryl boronic acids in 15 min. Also, the successful hydroalkenylation of enamides with alkenyl boronic acids in air atmosphere affords an elegant route to synthetically useful β‐alkenylated amines in satisfactory yields. The synthetic robustness and practicality of the reaction reveal its simple operation, short reaction time, viability on a gram‐scale and its value in late‐stage modification of complex molecules.
Non‐invasive evaluation of new‐onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a protocol for the BigMap study
Authors: Mork Constantin , Amacher Simon Adrian , Gahl Brigitta , Koechlin Luca , Miazza Jules , Schaeffer Thibault , Schmuelling Lena , Bremerich Jens , Berdajs Denis , Cueni Nadine , Kühne Michael , Mueller Christian , Osswald Stefan , Reuthebuch Oliver , Schurr Ulrich , Sticherling Christian , Kopp Lugli Andrea , Marsch Stephan , Pargger Hans , Siegemund Martin , Eckstein Friedrich , Hollinger Alexa , Santer David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsNew‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is the most common complication after cardiac surgery, occurring in 25–50% of patients. It is associated with post‐operative stroke, increased mortality, prolonged hospital length of stay, and higher treatment costs. Previous small observational studies have identified the left atrium as a source of the electrical rotors and foci maintaining NOAF, but confirmation by a large prospective clinical study is still missing. The aim of the proposed study is to investigate whether the source of NOAF lies in the left atrium. The correct identification of NOAF‐maintaining structures in cardiac surgical patients might offer potential therapeutic targets for prophylactic perioperative ablation strategies.Methods and resultsThis is a prospective single‐centre observational study of patients developing NOAF after cardiac surgery. The primary outcome is the description of NOAF‐maintaining structures within the atria. Key secondary outcomes include overall mortality, intensive care unit length of stay, hospital–ventilator‐free days, and proportion of persistent NOAF. In NOAF patients, the non‐invasive electrophysiological mapping will be conducted using a 252‐electrode electrocardiogram vest. After mapping, a low‐dose computed tomography scan of the chest will be performed to integrate the electrophysiological mapping results into a 3D picture of the heart. The study will include approximately 570 patients, of whom 30% (n = 170) are expected to develop NOAF. Sample size calculation revealed that 157 NOAF patients are necessary to assess the primary outcome. Patients will be tracked for a total of 5 years.ConclusionsThis is the largest prospective study to date describing the electrophysiological mechanisms of NOAF using non‐invasive mapping.
The predictive value of self‐compassion for psychological adjustment in left ventricular assist device patients: an observational study
Authors: Morgenroth Olaf , Petersen Lars‐Eric , Frey Norbert , Reinecke Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsImplantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is an established treatment option for patients with advanced heart failure. However, apart from its challenging medical management, it comes with serious psychological implications. Empirical evidence suggests that self‐compassion, a self‐regulation strategy for countering negative self‐directed emotions, might be a promising approach in facilitating psychological adjustment also in LVAD patients. The aims of the present study were to investigate self‐compassion as a protective factor for anxiety and depressive symptoms, to test whether taking a decentred perspective mediates these effects, and to explore whether self‐compassion predicts the clinically rated functional health status.Method and resultsA sample of N = 45 patients (36 male) with a mean age of 60.5 years (SD = 10.8) from the outpatient department for terminal heart failure at the University Medical Center in Kiel, Germany, participated in the study. Patients completed self‐report measures for psychological adjustment (HADS), self‐compassion (SCS), and decentring (EQ). Functional health status was determined by the NYHA classification. The more patients were self‐compassionate, the less they reported anxiety (r = −0.28) and depressive symptoms (r = −0.34). Decentring mediated both effects. Moreover, self‐compassion predicted the functional health status, even when controlling for anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 0.09) and depressive symptoms (OR = 0.11).ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence for a significant interrelation between self‐compassion and common adverse psychological conditions in LVAD patients. Longitudinal data and the evaluation of interventions to strengthen self‐compassion are needed to further validate the beneficial effects of self‐compassion in LVAD patients in the future.
A Green New Balance: Interactions among riparian vegetation plant traits and morphodynamics in alluvial rivers
Authors: Bywater‐Reyes Sharon , Diehl Rebecca M. , Wilcox Andrew C. , Stella John C. , Kui Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe strength of interactions between plants and river processes is mediated by plant traits and fluvial conditions, including above‐ground biomass, stem density and flexibility, channel and bed‐material properties, and flow and sediment regimes. In many rivers, concurrent changes in (1) the composition of riparian vegetation communities as a result of exotic species invasion and (2) shifts in hydrology have altered physical and ecological conditions in a manner that has been mediated by feedbacks between vegetation and morphodynamic processes. We review how Tamarix, which has invaded many southwestern US waterways, and Populus species, woody pioneer trees that are native to the region, differentially affect hydraulics, sediment transport, and river morphology. We draw on flume, field, and modelling approaches spanning the individual seedling to river‐corridor scales. In a flume study, we found that differences in the crown morphology, stem density, and flexibility of Tamarix compared to Populus influenced near‐bed flow velocities in a manner that favoured aggradation associated with Tamarix. Similarly, at the patch and corridor scales, observations confirmed increased aggradation with increased vegetation density. Furthermore, long‐term channel adjustments were different for Tamarix‐ versus Populus‐dominated reaches, with faster and greater geomorphic adjustments for Tamarix. Collectively, our studies show how plant‐trait differences between Tamarix and Populus, from individual seedlings to larger spatial and temporal scales, influence the co‐adjustment of rivers and riparian plant communities. These findings provide a basis for predicting changes in alluvial riverine systems which we conceptualize as a Green New Balance model that considers how channels may adjust to changes in plant traits and community structure, in addition to alterations in flow and sediment supply. We offer suggestions regarding how the Green New Balance can be used in management and invasive species management.
Health monitoring jeopardy prophylaxis model based on machine learning in fog computing
Authors: Suggala Ravi Kumar , Krishna M. Vamsi , Swain Sangram Keshari 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCloud‐based fog computing was developed in recent years to make it easier for patients to monitor distant health and discover mosquito‐borne syndromes at an initial period, allowing to track the mosquito‐borne illnesses. Many obstacles have been confronted by the technology, including high latency, mobility, overhead connectivity, and location consciousness. Due to the security issue and wrong prediction of the diseases, users are affected by getting wrong alert messages from fog which increase the disease spreading. Hence a novel Prevention Technique based on Fog Computing has been introduced to prevent the epidemic syndrome at an initial period and safeguard the people around the world. Initially, each user register their personal information in Pristine Database through IoT device. These information are encrypted with 16 round of key‐dependent operation via new Blowfish Encryption Algorithm. Subsequently, the mosquito spawned disease is diagnosed by measuring the resemblance factor between the user and disease through the Hybrid Endemic Halsen Classifier and the Resemblance Coefficient are used to diagnose and categorize users as infected or unaffected. The mosquito‐borne disease is detected using this method by assessing the similarity factor between the user and the disease with less computing time. As a result, if a new symptom is found rather than one from the given medical dataset, the information will be saved in the Pristine Database, and the classification process will be faster with less computing time in the future if the same symptom is identified. Finally, the novel Temporal Social Network Analysis was developed to assess the likelihood of a disease breakout also analyze the infected users and send the awareness message to take the precautionary measures in the cloud processing layer. Thus, the proposed work effectively predicts and prevents the spreading of epidemic outbreaks with accuracy of 97% which is 7.2% higher than the existing approaches, and reduced latency of 0.18 second.
Vitamin D ameliorates asthma‐induced lung injury by regulating HIF‐1α/Notch1 signaling during autophagy
Authors: Huang Chaowen , Peng Ming , Tong Jinzhai , Zhong Xueying , Xian Jun , Zhong Liandi , Deng Jiongrui , Huang Yanming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D (Vit D) and underlying mechanisms on asthma‐induced lung injury via regulation of HIF‐1α/Notch1 (hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha/neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1) signaling during autophagy. We established an asthma mouse model using respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nasal drop combined with ovalbumin (OVA) atomization. Mice were treated with different Vit D concentrations. Pathological changes and cell apoptosis were examined using hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end‐labeling) assay, respectively. Additionally, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining solutions were used to examine changes in lung tissue. Immunofluorescence determined LC 3B (microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3B) expression in lung tissues, whereas western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate other proteins, including HIF‐1α and Notch1. Compared with the normal group, the asthma model group exhibited pathological lung tissue deterioration, elevated fibrosis, increased apoptosis cell numbers, and upregulated autophagy. Vitamin D supplementation ameliorated pathological changes and fibrosis in the lung tissue. Furthermore, Vit D treatment significantly suppressed apoptotic cell numbers and autophagy while enhancing the HIF‐1α/Notch1 pathway. Given the HIF‐1α/Notch1 agonistic activity, Vit D treatment inhibited apoptosis cell numbers, which were increased following asthma‐induced upregulation of autophagy. Vitamin D improved asthma‐induced lung tissue injury by suppressing autophagy via regulation of HIF‐1α/Notch1 signaling in vivo.