bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Low Dose Maltodextrin/Citrulline Loading on the Severity and Duration of Stress Induced Hyperglycemia in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Espinosa Jairo A. , Baxter Jacob , Jose Joslyn , Khalil Sarah I. , Dash Alok , Pratt Jerry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Postoperative stress induced insulin resistance, and the resulting glycemic variability, is clearly associated with complication rates in cardiac surgery. Despite this, there is a paucity of data regarding the duration of stress induced hyperglycemia in cardiac surgery as well as the impact of specific strategies for carbohydrate loading in cardiac surgery patients. Prior work in colorectal and bariatric surgery has shown a significant reduction in glycemic events with the use of a low dose maltodextrin and citrulline loading strategy, but there is no data that the commonly recommended 50 gram supplements provides any impact on stress induced postoperative hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to compare standard of care (SOC group) versus a three dose, 25 gram dose carbohydrate loading strategy (CL group) on the duration and severity of postoperative glycemic variability in both diabetic and non-diabetic cardiac surgery patients.METHODS: We compared CABG/AVR/MVR retrospective patients who received standard of care (SOC) to a prospective set of patients who were carbohydrate loaded (CL) with 3 preoperative doses of 25g maltodextrin/3g citrulline (G.E.D.TM, SOF Health, LLC).RESULTS: 152 patients total were included (SOC n=80, CL n= 72). 66 patients were diabetic. In both non-diabetic and diabetic patient populations, there was a statistically significant reduction in glycemic variability in G.E.D. groups for non- diabetics (27% reduction) and diabetics (40% reduction). The glycemic variability on POD 2 was not statistically different between treatment groups in non-diabetics (G.E.D. 25.2% vs SOC 24.7%) but approached significance in diabetics (G.E.D. 24.7% vs SOC 32.9%e). CONCLUSION: These are the first data demonstrating the reduction in post operative stress induced glycemic variability in cardiac surgery using a low dose carbohydrate loading regimen which includes the amino acid citrulline. The impact of surgical stress on glycemic variability appears to resolve by POD#2 in non-diabetics but may persist longer in diabetic patients. These data represent the first information regarding the benefits of a specific strategy for carbohydrate loading to reduces the stress induced component of post operative hyperglycemia in cardiac surgery.
Technology-free predictors of preterm birth in singleton women with threatened preterm labor: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Najjarzadeha Maryam , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Abbasalizadeh Shamsi , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Prediction of preterm birth is still a challenge due to its multiple pathologies. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the technology-free predictors of preterm birth in singleton women with threatened preterm labor.
Methods
This prospective cohort study was performed on 371 singleton women with gestational age of 23+ 6 to 36+ 4 weeks hospitalized for threatened preterm labor. The data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, medical and maternal history, as well as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the WHO’s questionnaire of Violence against Women (VAW). The participants were followed-up until childbirth. The predictors were determined using multivariate logistic regression.
Results
Preterm birth occurred in 51% of women. Seven variables were determined as predictors; rupture of membranes [adjusted odds ratio 11.7, 95% confidence interval 5.4 to 25.6], cervical dilation [AOR 4.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 7.0], gravidity ≥ 6 [AOR 27.4, 95%CI 2.8 to 264.3], psychological violence during pregnancy [AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.2], medical problems in pregnancy onset [AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8], vaginal bleeding/spotting [AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.0] and woman age ≤ 19 [AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5]. The proportion of variance explained by all these factors was 33.6%.
Conclusions
The technology-free factors have moderate power in preterm birth prediction in singleton pregnant women hospitalized for threatened preterm labor. Prevention of psychological violence, teenage pregnancy and treatment of medical problems before pregnancy could reduce rate of preterm birth.
Microbial Community Associated with Groundwaters Discharge in Transylvania (Romania) and Balaton Highland (Hungary)
Authors: Toumi Marwene , Máthé István , Tóth Ádám , Sztráda Nóra , Farkas Rózsa , Jurecska Laura , Tóth Erika 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the present study, water samples from 8 sites known as: Taploca, Nagy-borvíz, Piricske (located in Romania) and Szent Jakab, Kiskút, Kossuth Lajos, Polányi kút and Berzsenyi (located in Balaton highland in Hungary) and characterized with low nutrient content, were studied using cultivation independent methods. Diversity indices and cell counts were determined to assess the species richness in relation to the cell counts within the samples. Next generation sequencing was used to reveal the existing microbial community, and taxon specific PCR was used to detect the presence of some species with hygienic. 18 bacterial phyla above a ratio of 2% were identified in addition to 13 archaeal phyla using amplicon sequencing. Nagy-borvíz water sample showed a unique presence of Chloroflexi, Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, Acidobacteriota and Actinobacteriota. Piricske water sample showed mostly Caldisericota and Spirochaetota. Taploca water sample contained a unique presence of Planctomycetota and Myxococcota at the same time with Szent Jakab water sample which showed an additional presence of Chloroflexi, Berzsenyi contained Campylobacterota at the same time with Polányi kút which had important fractions of Nitrospirota and Desulfobacterota. Finally, Kossuth Lajos water sample was dominated by Fusobacteriota, mainly members of Hypnocyclicus genus. Piricske and especially Nagy-borvíz water samples contained important fractions of Altiarchaeota, moreover, Piricske contained high fraction of Euryarchaeota phylum -most of them belong to Methanobacteriaceae family. Nitrosopumilaceae dominated Taploca and Kiskút in addition to their important presence in the rest of the samples. Diversity indices and cell count showed in general that cell count values are tending to be lower when the diversity is higher. The results of taxon specific PCR reactions showed that water treatment would be essential in some water samples.
mTORC1 regulates exosomes release from odontoblasts to regulate DPSCs odontoblastic differentiation
Authors: Luo Xinghong , Feng Weiqing , Huang Shijiang , Miao Shenghong , Jiang Tao , Lei Qian , Zhang Sheng , Bai Xiaochun , Hao Chunbo , Li Weizhong , Ma Dandan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are the crucial part of dentin-pulp complex regeneration. A further understanding of the mechanism of how DPSCs stay in a quiescent state can contribute to improvements in dentin-pulp complex and dentinogenesis. Here, our study discovered that mTORC1 activation in odontoblasts resulted in thicker dentin and higher dentin volume/tissue volume of molars and led to increased exosomes marker expression levels of CD63 and Alix. In vitro, we confirmed that mTORC1 inactivation in odontoblasts reverses the inhibition of DPSC odontoblastic differentiation when cocultured with odontoblasts. Besides, our study indicated that exosomes derived from mTORC1-activated or mTORC1-inactivated MDPC23 both inhibited the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and at same concentration. The miRNA sequence of exosomes derived from shTSC1-tansfected MDPC23 or rapamycin-treated MDPC23 or non-treated MDPC23 indicated that the majority of the miRNA was similar. Furthermore, we discovered that the exosomes derived from odontoblasts inhibited the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs, and the inhibitory effect was positively correlated with exosomes concentration. Taken together, mTORC1 regulates the exosomes release by odontoblasts to inhibit the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs but not the exosomes contents. These findings might provide a new understanding for dental-pulp complex regeneration.
Exploring the role of circulating exosome-derived transfer RNA fragments in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Donatti Amanda , Yan Yan , Venø Morten T , Oliveira Fabiana , Sousa Alessandro AVO , Schreiber Roberto , Avelar Wagner M , Nadruz Wilson , Kjems Jørgen , Lopes-Cendes Iscia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: to investigate exosome-derived transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in the plasma of patients in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke (IS). tRFs may be disease biomarkers, especially for disorders linked to hypoxic and extracellular stress. Material and methods: We assessed samples from ten patients who had ischemic stroke (IS), collected them six months after the ictus, and compared to samples obtained from ten controls. We used small RNA sequencing for tRNA identification and quantification. Results: We found that the most abundant class of tRFs identified in the patients’ samples were 3′ fragments (37.7%). Most interestingly, we found increased levels of two tRFs in patients, namely Phe-GAA (p = 0.0146) and Leu-TAG (p = 0.0331). These two fragments originate from mitochondrial tRNAs and may be related to mechanisms leading to abnormal regulation of cellular energy, DNA transcription, and oxidative stress. We also identified decreased tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Val derivatives in patients. Furthermore, we found that the expression signature of tRNA Phe-GAA differentiates patients from controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) = 0.78. Conclusions: Our results indicate differential expression of circulating exosome-derived tRFs in the chronic stages of IS. The tRFs with the greatest differences in expression identified in this study may be linked to the mechanisms leading to disease, most likely related to underlying risk factors that may persist after the acute event. Thus, we provide suggestive evidence that tRFs may assist in risk stratification for individuals with increased susceptibility to IS.
Assessment of Knowledge and Skills on Covid-19 among Frontline Nurses in Zanzibar
Authors: Masoud Hamad , Kibusi Stephen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Covid-19 is one of the most serious pandemic outbreaks in history the world ever experienced. Its emergency and reemergence poses a substantial threat to nurses who often get close contact with patients, their knowledge and skills on managing the suspected and confirmed cases serve the foundation for positive response toward the outbreak; thus this study aimed at assessing the knowledge and skills of Zanzibar nurses on Covid-19Methods A descriptive cross-section web-based survey was conducted in a set of 139 nurses from Zanzibar to assess their knowledge and skills for the covid-19 pandemic outbreak. Multistage sampling was employed to select the regions, hospitals and final the participants. Computer-generated questionnaires with a total of 50 items were used to collect information on the recruited respondents; data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The assessment of knowledge and skills on covid-19 among frontline nurses from Zanzibar indicate that; the overall mean score knowledge of all respondents was (20.7±3.06) ranged from 13-26 while the overall skills scores were (20.69±3.06) ranged from 8-18. Age, level of education and working experience were found to be a significant predictor for both knowledge and skills on covid-19 at the level of 5% while working at the referral was only significant to skill.Conclusion: The participants were knowledgeable and skilled regarding the topic of interest however this competence wasn’t directly associated with the study domain of covid-19 rather were significantly associated with other domains related to nursing activities such as IPC and general nursing care.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale Among Syrian Population
Authors: Khadour Fater , Khadour Younes , Ebrahem B. M. , Nelson Jack , Xu Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fear is a common emotional reaction to an impending threat like the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. A fear of COVID-19 Scale has been developed to evaluate the severity of COVID-19-related fear. This study investigated the psychometric characteristics a Syrian Arabic version of the scale to give additional validation for the Arabic FCV-19S. The fear of COVID-19 Scale was translated and validated in Syrian context. The sample is comprised of 1637 Syrian individuals, who have participated in this online survey. The results were compared with their responses to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Life scale. Cronbach’s alpha for the Syrian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale was determined to 0.84. The scale’s ratings showed a significant negative relationship with life satisfaction and a significant positive association with sub-scales of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the Syrian version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale has a unidimensional structure which fits the data well. The scale has useful psychometric characteristics and can be employed to evaluate the severity of fear of COVID-19 among Syrian populations.
Involvement of LARP7 in activation of SIRT1 to inhibit NF-κB signaling protects microglia from acrylamide-induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Guo Jinxiu , Xue Hongjia , Zhong Haitao , Sun Wenxue , Zhao Shiyuan , Meng Junjun , Jiang Pei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Acrylamide (AM) is a potent neurotoxin and carcinogen that is mainly formed by the Maillard reaction of asparagine with starch at high temperatures. However, the toxicity mechanism underlying AM has not been investigated from proteomic perspective, and the regulation of protein expression by AM remains poorly understood.Methods: This research presents is the first to use proteomics to explore the mechanism of AM exposure-induced neuroinflammation. Target proteins were obtained by differential protein analysis, functional annotation and enrichment analysis of proteomics. Then, molecular biology methods, including Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence, were used to verify the results and explore possible mechanisms.Results: We identified 100 key differential metabolites by proteomic analysis, which were involved in the occurrence of various biological functions. Among them, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential proteins were enriched in the P53 pathway, sulfur metabolism pathway and ferroptosis. Finally, the differential target protein we locked was LARP7. Molecular biological verification found that AM exposure inhibited the expression of LARP7 and induced the burst of inflammation, while SRT1720 agonist treatment showed no effect on LARP7, but significant changes in inflammatory factors and NF-κB.Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggested that AM may activate NF-κB to induce neuroinflammation by inhibiting the LARP7-SIRT1 pathway. And our study provided a direction for AM-induced neurotoxicity through proteomics and multiple biological analysis methods.
g-C3N4/ bio–Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle for Fluorometric Bio-sensing of Acetylcholinesterase and Malathion
Authors: Hussen Abdu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Malathion is widely used in agriculture due to their high efficiency as insecticides. They are very toxic hazardous chemicals to both human health and environment even at low concentration. The detection of pesticides (malathion) at the low levels developed by the environmental protection agency (EPA) still remains a challenge. A highly efficient fluorescent biosensor based on g-C3N4/AgNPs for malathion detection is successfully developed by impregnation method. The structural properties of the developed nanocomposites were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The analysis confirmed that there is a strong interfacial interaction between g-C3N4 and AgNPs. The developed sensor immobilizes by acetylcholestrase (AChE). In the absence of malathion, AChE − g-C3N4/AgNCs exhibit high fluorescence intensity. However, the strong interaction of the basic sites to malathion, causes fluorescence quenching via static quenching and Ag form aggregation on the surface of g-C3N4. The experimental parameter such as pH of buffer (pH = 6), concentration of acetylcholine (1 mM) and malathion (500 µM) were optimized. The sensor was also more sensitive with Stern-Volmer quenching constants (KSV) of 3.48x10 3 M -1. The practical use of this sensor for malathion determination in Khat was also demonstrated. The obtained amount of malathion in Khat is 168.8 µM.
Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Indanone Derivatives For The Treatment of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Piplani Poonam , Bala Madhu , Jain Ankit , Arora Kartik , Garg Monika , Sharma Itika , Bhambri Ashima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study report the consequences of substituted indanone derivatives on scopolamine induced deficit cholinergic neurotransmission serving lead for the therapeutics of cognitive decline. In total twenty eight compounds 54-81 have been synthesized and among them eighteen compounds 54-72 have been evaluated against behavioral alteration using step down passive avoidance protocol at dose of 0.5 mg/kg with the Donepezil ( 1 ) as a reference standard. All the synthesized compound were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition at five different concentration using mice brain homogenate as the source of the enzyme. Compounds 54, 55 and 68 displayed appreciable activity with the IC 50 value of 8.82 µM, 6.94 µM & 9.53 µM towards acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The molecular docking study performed to forecast the binding mode of the compounds suggested that these compounds could bind appreciable to the amino acid present at the active site of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase (rhAChE). The behavioral, biochemical and in-silico studies were in concordance with each other.
Comparative Evaluuation of the Usability and Accessibility of Selected University Websites
Authors: Ohaju Lauretta Obiageri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
University Websites deliver a comfortable and cost-effective way of retrieving students’ information, a more flexible way of communicating with students and staff and is presently the fundamental point of contact along the entire student life cycle. Website design is often driven by its usability and accessibility from the perspective of students in a university but unfortunately, website designers end up developing websites that are not usable, accessible and do not meet the needs of the students. This study comparatively evaluated the usability and accessibility of University websites in Europe with the best University website in Africa. A total of seventeen websites were compared using six automated tools namely Checkmycolours, TAW, WAVE, AChecker, W3C HTML validator and CSS validator to obtain accessibility reports of the websites. Results from the study show that none of the websites conforms to WCAG 2.0 standard. The overall performance shows that most of the evaluated websites are above average. From the analysis, the University of Szczecin, Poland in Europe has the best website among the evaluated universities’ websites. Based on the analysis results, this study proposes the necessary steps that should be taken to further enhance the accessibility of African University websites.
Inequality of Opportunity in Health Service Utilization among Middle-aged and Elderly Community-dwelling Adults in China
Authors: Zhu Lin , Qiu Qianqian , Jiang Luyan , Wang Zhonghua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The inequality caused by circumstances is known as "inequality of opportunity" (IOp). Many scholars have studied IOp in the health field, but few studies have quantified contributors to the IOp of health service utilization among middle-aged and elderly people. This study measured the IOp of health service utilization and decomposed the contributors to IOp present among Chinese middle-aged and elderly people.Methods: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013, 2015 and 2018. A mean-based regression method was adopted to measure the IOp of health service utilization. Shapley–Shorrocks decomposition was used to analyze the main contributors to IOp seen among the middle-aged and elderly.Results: Although the absolute IOp of health service utilization decreased over time, the inequality due to circumstance factors still accounted for a large part of the total inequality. The absolute IOp and relative IOp were greatest in the areas of self-treatment and inpatient care utilization, respectively. The IOp of health service utilization in urban areas was greater than that in rural areas, and the heterogeneity between urban and rural areas was more prominent in the area of inpatient care utilization. The out-of-pocket (OOP) ratio contributed most significantly to the IOp of outpatient care utilization; meanwhile, work status and income had a great impact on the IOp of inpatient care utilization. Among urban-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals, apart from the OOP ratio, work status largely explained the IOp of outpatient care and self-treatment utilization, while distance greatly explained the IOp of outpatient care utilization in rural areas. Work status, education, and income level contributed more to the IOp of inpatient care utilization in rural areas than in urban areas.Conclusions: Strategies aimed at achieving equal opportunities remain necessary to ensure the fairness of health service utilization. Policy measures should pay more attention to middle-aged and elderly residents of rural areas, and efforts should be made to further optimize health resource allocation, improve social security systems, and narrow the socioeconomic gap between urban and rural areas in China.