bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Comments and Defamation
Authors: Popović Dušan 
Published: January 2022

A defamatory statement is a false or untrue statement that harms the reputation of a living person. In the digital environment, defamatory content can be easily shared and may remain available online for a very long period. At first, anonymous Internet communication was predominantly seen as a value in itself – a mechanism that advances the public debate, protects political dissension, and furthers due process. However, the rapid growth of social networks and digital platforms has transformed the content and tone of online interactions. This paper analyzes online comments that may threaten the reputation of a person from a freedom of speech and within the auspices of European law. These comments typically appear as anonymous statements, signed only with a ‘nickname’ not allowing for identification of a poster. The European Union has adopted several pieces of legislation that set the legal status of defamatory online comments. The Directive on Electronic Commerce is of utmost importance given that it regulates the dissemination of online content. However, the European approach to defamation cannot be understood unless the European Union’s system is combined with that of the European Convention on Human Rights. The European Court of Human Rights’ approach towards defamatory online comments is best demonstrated in its decision on Delfi v. Estonia and MTE v. Hungary.
Gestational Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Sultana Riffat , Maheshwari Lalit , Soomro Imran Ellahi , Balouch Iram Jehan , Tabassum Shazia , Rehman Fazal ur 
Published: January 2022

Background: Gestational diabetes (GD) is identified as a risk factor for increasing the onset of cardiovascular disorders (CVD). However, it is not clear whether this risk is linked with the intercurrent pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, it is essential to identify markers and risk factors responsible for the pathogenesis of CVD and develop therapeutic strategies to decrease the cardiovascular health burden in affected women.
Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of GD on the future onset of CVD and assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus in this context.
Study Design: A cohort study was conducted in Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases Karachi Pakistan from June 2017 to June 2018. A total of 227 females who give birth to at least one kid were included in this study. Females with previous history of cardiovascular disorders and any other chronic disorders were excluded from this study. Using a biennial questionnaire behavioral, life style characters and health outcomes were evaluated. Multivariable Cox model was used to measure hazardous risk and ratio for cardiovascular disorders with 95 % confidence interval.
Results: In this study, 11.8% of participants were diagnosed with gestational diabetes with a mean age of 31.6 ± 2.6 years. 28% of women with GD were developed hypertension later on compared to the non-GD participants (8%), indicating a positive association between GD and hypertension. A multivariate Cox analysis revealed that women with GD had a 28% increased risk of incidence of hypertension as compared to the non-GD group (HR. 1.24 [95% CI 1.13 – 1.65); P<0.01).
Conclusion: Females with GD are at higher risk for developing CVD later in their life. This association might be due to obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
Foot Print Analysis and Prevalence of Flat Foot among Children of Rural India – A Study Protocol
Authors: Ambatkar Suyash Y. , Ambade Ratnakar 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Foot shape and its proportions changes gradually during normal growth of human beings, but the mechanical stresses during bipedal locomotion are a key factor for development of foot. To sustain static position and to arrange for stable base while performing various functional activities, Foot plays major role in it. Deformities in lower extremities of children’s are being very common. As this conditions are physiological, that’s why most of the time this conditions do not require treatment. In an average 90% of patient who are visiting to clinic for foot problem are flat foot. Primary manifestation of flat foot is decreasing in longitudinal arch, which shows that while standing or walking, there is transmission of whole body weight towards the medial side of foot sole. This is the main reason for which flat foot is considered as problem of static alignment of foot and ankle structure.
Objective: To analyze footprint of children and to determine prevalence of flat foot, their anthropometric measurement, Prevalence of structural pathologies of foot and correction of foot prints and radiological evaluation of 8 – 13 years age group of children.
Methodology: All the visiting patients of orthopedic department of AVBRH of age group 8 – 13 year, with sample size. Examination will be done along with radiological examination, radiological assessment and different anthropometric will include Plain X-ray of both feet.
Results: We expect that, anthropometric measurements of rural children may differ from other literatures.
Computational Quantum Chemical with Biological Studies on Uracil-5-Tertiary Sulfonamides
Authors: Gaurav G. V. , Krishna K. Rama 
Published: January 2022

Aims: To study Computational Quantum Chemical (CQC), Pharmacokinetic and other biological components are listed in pairs of Uracil-5-Tertiary Sulfonamides “5-(4-(2,3-dihydrobenzo [b] [1,4]dioxine-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H, 3H)-dione ” (I) and “N-butyl-N-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4 -tetrahydropyrimidine-5-sulfonamide ” (II).
Methodology: NMR (1H, 13C), FT-Raman, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectral chemical data were calculated and reported. DFT values ​​for both combinations (I and II) were calculated using B3LYP / 6-31 + G (d, p) and B3LYP / 6-311 + G (2d, p). NMR chemical modification was calculated using the independent atomic orbital measurement method (GIAO). UV-Vis display is also calculated using the same basic sets.
Conclusion: The limits of Hyperpolarizability, HOMO and LUMO are listed. Pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET), drug similarity, bioactivity school, logP, pKa calculated using Molinspiration, pkCSM, Swiss ADME, Chem Axon.
Kidney Function Test for Screening of the Kidney Disease among Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Tighare Reshma , Sharma Ranjana 
Published: January 2022

Background: Kidney disease results in some loss of renal function and can lead to kidney failure, which is Renal failure is defined as the full loss of kidney function. Renal failure is the last stage of kidney disease, at which point dialysis or a kidney transplant are the only treatments available. The prevalence rate of kidney disease among hypertensive patients in India is 29.8% [1].
Objective: 1. To evaluates the kidney function test by using serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid among hypertensive patients.

To associate the demographic variables with the selected kidney function test among hypertensive patients.

Methodology: It is a cross sectional, analytical hospital based study. The patients of hypertension has selected for the study. Patients are chosen based on inclusion criteria, and the nature and aim of the study are explained in detail and the written and informed consent, from the subject will be taken before data collection by the investigator after that the blood and urine samples will be taken from the hypertensive patients for further investigation respectively. The setting of the study is selected hospitals of Vidarbha Region.
Expected Results:

There may be a possibility of occurrence of kidney disease among hypertensive patients

Conclusion: Following the end of data gathering, the statistical analysis will be used to develop conclusions.
Effect of Mulligan Mobilization on Proprioception in Osteoarthritis of Knee Joint - A Systematic Review
Authors: Subramanian Makesh Babu , Rajesh Preethi , Sudhakar . 
Published: January 2022

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative disorder that affects the joint which causes pain, stiffness, swelling, muscle weakness, and functional impairments. Proprioception in the OA knee seems to be impaired when compared with the normal counterparts. Manual therapy is one of the hands-on therapies delivered by physiotherapists. However, there is not much information on how manual therapy affects joint proprioception, although some studies show a positive response. Mulligan’s mobilization technique is common for spinal and peripheral joints to correct positional faults.
Aim: To systematically identify and to evaluate the effects of mulligan mobilization on the proprioception of the OA knee.
Methods: Various electronic databases like PubMed Central, Medline, Google Scholar, ProQuest and CINAHL are searched from 2001 to 2021. Multiple search criteria were used in the search of relevant articles based on the selection criteria used. Four articles that fit the criteria were taken based on the PEDro Scores of above 5. The two specialists analysed all the papers. The articles which cover mulligan’s mobilization and proprioception of the knee were only selected.
Results: Four articles that fit the criteria were reviewed which demonstrated baseline comparability and reported point estimates and measures of variability.
Conclusion: This systematic review has concluded that the knee joint proprioception was improved with applying the Mulligan’s manual therapy, whereas the neurophysiological activity is not well understood.
Intra‐fractional motion error during HyperArc stereotactic radiosurgery on patients with brain metastases: Comparison of open and full‐face clamshell‐style immobilization devices
Authors: Ohira Shingo , Komiyama Riho , Kanayama Naoyuki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Inui Shoki , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Koizumi Masahiko , Konishi Koji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the intrafractional motion error (IME) during stereotactic irradiation (STI) in patients with brain metastases immobilized using open‐ (Encompass) and full‐face (DSPS) clamshell‐style immobilization devices.MethodsEncompass (38 patients) and DSPS (38 patients) were used for patient immobilization, and HyperArc plans with three to four non‐coplanar beams were generated to deliver 25 to 35 Gy in three to five fractions. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed on patients before and after the treatment. Moreover, the difference in patient position between the two CBCT images was considered as the IME. The margins to compensate for IME were calculated using the van Herk margin formula.ResultsFor Encompass, the mean values of IME in the translational setup were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.0 mm in the anterior–posterior, superior–inferior, and left–right directions, respectively, and the mean values of IME about rotational axes were −0.1, 0.0, and 0.0° for the Pitch, Roll, and Yaw rotations, respectively. For DSPS, the mean values of IME in the translational setup were 0.2, 0.2, and 0.0 mm in the anterior–posterior, superior–inferior, and left–right directions, respectively, and the mean values of IME about rotational axes were −0.1, −0.1, and 0.0° for the Pitch, Roll, and Yaw rotations, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between the IME of the two immobilization systems except in the anterior–posterior direction (p = 0.02). Moreover, no statistically significant correlation was observed between three‐dimensional IME and treatment time. The margin compensation for IME was less than 1 mm for both immobilization devices.ConclusionsThe IME during STI using open‐ and full‐face clamshell‐style immobilization devices is approximately equal considering the adequate accuracy in patient positioning.
Andreev Interference in the Surface Accumulation Layer of Half‐Shell InAsSb/Al Hybrid Nanowires
Authors: Stampfer Lukas , Carrad Damon J. , Olsteins Dags , Petersen Christian E. N. , Khan Sabbir A. , Krogstrup Peter , Jespersen Thomas S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial distribution of charge carriers in III–V nanowires proximity coupled to superconductors is important for the design and interpretation of experiments based on hybrid quantum devices. In this letter, the gate‐dependent surface accumulation layer of half‐shell InAsSb/Al nanowires is studied by means of Andreev interference in a parallel magnetic field. Both uniform hybrid nanowires and devices featuring a short Josephson junction fabricated by shadow lithography, exhibit periodic modulation of the switching current. The period corresponds to a flux quantum through the nanowire diameter and is consistent with Andreev bound states occupying a cylindrical surface accumulation layer. The spatial distribution is tunable by a gate potential as expected from electrostatic models.
Use of Iridium‐Catalyzed Transfer Vinylation for the Synthesis of Bio‐Based (bis)‐Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Spiegelberg Brian , Jiao Haijun , Grauke Reni , Kubis Christoph , Spannenberg Anke , Brandt Adrian , Taden Andreas , Beck Horst , Tin Sergey , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe iridium catalyzed transfer vinylation of bio‐based polyols and of other alcohols and phenols with interesting structural motifs was accomplished with vinyl acetate in 2‐MeTHF as a green solvent. The optimized synthetic procedure has as main advantages the use of catalytic instead of stoichiometric amounts of base and high selectivities towards the formation of bis‐vinyl ethers as a result of the suppression of the acetal formation reaction that typically occurs in the vinylation of diols. In addition, the thermodynamically preferred transesterification reaction leading to the acetate esters and bis‐esters was completely suppressed. DFT calculations revealed an iridium‐acetate complex as the active catalytic species and they disclosed the importance of the carbonyl group of vinyl acetate for the formation of a six‐membered cyclic intermediate.magnified image
Axially Arylene‐bridged “Dumbbell” B(III)‐Subporphyrin Dimers and a Tetrameric Subporphyrin Nanocage
Authors: Xiao Boyu , Huang Xi , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Yin Bangshao , Osuka Atsuhiro , Song Jianxin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAxially B‐arylene‐bridged “dumbbell” BIII‐subporphyrin (abbreviated as subporphyrin in this paper) dimers 3, 4, and 5 were prepared by reactions of B‐methoxy subporphyrins with bromoaryl Grignard reagents and subsequent reductive coupling of the resulting B‐bromoaryl subporphyrins with Ni(cod)2. This reductive coupling method was also used for synthesis of tetrameric subporphyrin nanocage 8 from meso‐meso linked subporphyrin dimer 7. Nanocage 8 displayed a red‐shifted Q‐like band and reduced fluorescence quantum yield as compared with 6 and 7.
1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐Thione Analogues with a 2‐Ethylbenzoic Acid at Position 4 as VIM‐type Metallo‐β‐Lactamase Inhibitors
Authors: Verdirosa Federica , Gavara Laurent , Sevaille Laurent , Tassone Giusy , Corsica Giuseppina , Legru Alice , Feller Georges , Chelini Giulia , Mercuri Paola Sandra , Tanfoni Silvia , Sannio Filomena , Benvenuti Manuela , Cerboni Giulia , De Luca Filomena , Bouajila Ezeddine , Vo Hoang Yen , Licznar‐Fajardo Patricia , Galleni Moreno , Pozzi Cecilia , Mangani Stefano , Docquier Jean‐Denis , Hernandez Jean‐François 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetallo‐β‐lactamases (MBLs) are increasingly involved as a major mechanism of resistance to carbapenems in relevant opportunistic Gram‐negative pathogens. Unfortunately, clinically efficient MBL inhibitors still represent an unmet medical need. We previously reported several series of compounds based on the 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione scaffold. In particular, Schiff bases formed between diversely 5‐substituted‐4‐amino compounds and 2‐carboxybenzaldehyde were broad‐spectrum inhibitors of VIM‐type, NDM‐1 and IMP‐1 MBLs. Unfortunately, these compounds were unable to restore antibiotic susceptibility of MBL‐producing bacteria, probably because of poor penetration and/or susceptibility to hydrolysis. To improve their microbiological activity, we synthesized and characterized compounds where the hydrazone‐like bond of the Schiff base analogues was replaced by a stable ethyl link. This small change resulted in a narrower inhibition spectrum, as all compounds were poorly or not inhibiting NDM‐1 and IMP‐1, but showed a significantly better activity on VIM‐type enzymes, with Ki values in the μM to sub‐μM range. The resolution of the crystallographic structure of VIM‐2 in complex with one of the best inhibitors yielded valuable information about their binding mode. Interestingly, several compounds were shown to restore the β‐lactam susceptibility of VIM‐type‐producing E. coli laboratory strains and also of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. In addition, selected compounds were found to be devoid of toxicity toward human cancer cells at high concentration, thus showing promising safety.
Noble Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for the Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Zhang Lina , Xue Linli , Lin Bingyong , Zhao Qingao , Wan Shaolong , Wang Yong , Jia Hongpeng , Xiong Haifeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are detrimental to the environment and human health and must be eliminated before discharging. Oxidation by heterogeneous catalysts is one of the most promising approaches for the VOCs abatement. Precious metal catalysts are highly active for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs, but they are rare and their high price limits large‐scale application. Supported metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have a high atom efficiency and provide the possibility to circumvent such limitations. This Review summarizes recent advances in the use of metal SACs for the complete oxidation of VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and methanol, as well as aliphatic and Cl‐ and S‐containing hydrocarbons. The structures of the metal SACs used and the reaction mechanisms of the VOC oxidation are discussed. The most widely used SACs are noble metals supported on oxides, especially on reducible oxides, such as Mn2O3 and TiO2. The reactivity of most SACs is related to the activity of surface lattice oxygen of the oxides. Furthermore, several metal SACs show better reactivity and improved S and Cl resistance than the corresponding nanocatalysts, indicating that SACs have potential for application in the oxidation of VOCs. The deactivation and regeneration mechanisms of the metal SACs are also summarized. It is concluded that the application of metal SACs in catalytic oxidation of VOCs is still in its infancy. This Review aims to elucidate structure–performance relationships and to guide the design of highly efficient metal SACs for the catalytic oxidation of VOCs.
Optimizing the Electrolyte Systems for Na3(VO1‐xPO4)2F1+2x (0≤x≤1) Cathode and Understanding their Interfacial Chemistries Towards High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Jiarong , Tao Tao , Yang Fan , Sun Zhipeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been regarded as promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance of sodium resource and cost‐effectiveness of electrode manufacture. Na3(VO1‐xPO4)2F1+2x (0≤x≤1, NVPF1+2x) polyanionic material, a potential high‐energy‐density cathode, has shown superior electrochemical performances for advanced SIBs due to its high working voltage (>3.9 V). Electrolyte composition, which plays an indispensable and critical role in determining the cycle stability and the electrode/electrolyte interfacial properties, is of great significance to possess good compatibility with electrode materials, especially the NVPF1+2x cathode. Here, different electrolyte systems, including commonly used 1.0 m NaPF6/diglyme (NP‐005), 1.0 m NaPF6/propylene carbonate (PC)/5.0 % fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) (NP‐009), 1.0 m NaClO4/ethylene carbonate‐dimethyl carbonate (EC–DMC; 1 : 1 v/v)/5.0 % FEC (NC‐019), and 1.0 m NaClO4/PC (NC‐013), were systematically investigated and compared for NVPF1+2x cathode. NVPF1+2x electrode with NP‐009 electrolyte showed a superior cycle stability and rate capability at 1–10 C (1 C=130 mA g−1) than that of NC‐019 and NC‐013, while NVPF1+2x electrode with NP‐005 electrolyte showed the best high‐rate capability at 20–50 C. The cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI), post‐mortem electrode morphology, and electrochemical kinetic characteristics of NVPF1+2x electrode with different electrolytes were profoundly investigated and compared. It demonstrated that NVPF1+2x electrode with NP‐005 exhibited a thin, efficient, and NaF‐rich CEI layer with less polarization, smaller interfacial resistance, and faster Na+ diffusion than that of NC‐019 and NC‐013 since they suffered from a thick, overgrown CEI layer due to the consecutive decomposition of FEC, NaClO4, and/or linear DMC, resulting in inferior electrochemical performance. This work provides new insights for the battery community to gain more comprehensive understanding about the compatibility and interfacial chemistry between different electrolyte systems and various electrode surfaces.
A spatial and cellular distribution of rabies virus infection in the mouse brain revealed by fMOST and single‐cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhang Yachun , Xing Xudong , Long Ben , Cao Yandi , Hu Simeng , Li Xiangning , Yu Yalan , Tian Dayong , Sui Baokun , Luo Zhaochen , Liu Wei , Lv Lei , Wu Qiong , Dai Jinxia , Zhou Ming , Han Heyou , Fu Zhen F. , Gong Hui , Bai Fan , Zhao Ling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurotropic virus infection can cause serious damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in both humans and animals. The complexity of the CNS poses unique challenges to investigate the infection of these viruses in the brain using traditional techniques.MethodsIn this study, we explore the use of fluorescence micro‐optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to map the spatial and cellular distribution of a representative neurotropic virus, rabies virus (RABV), in the whole brain. Mice were inoculated with a lethal dose of a recombinant RABV encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under different infection routes, and a three‐dimensional (3D) view of RABV distribution in the whole mouse brain was obtained using fMOST. Meanwhile, we pinpointed the cellular distribution of RABV by utilizing scRNA‐seq.ResultsOur fMOST data provided the 3D view of a neurotropic virus in the whole mouse brain, which indicated that the spatial distribution of RABV in the brain was influenced by the infection route. Interestingly, we provided evidence that RABV could infect multiple nuclei related to fear independent of different infection routes. More surprisingly, our scRNA‐seq data revealed that besides neurons RABV could infect macrophages and the infiltrating macrophages played at least three different antiviral roles during RABV infection.ConclusionThis study draws a comprehensively spatial and cellular map of typical neurotropic virus infection in the mouse brain, providing a novel and insightful strategy to investigate the pathogenesis of RABV and other neurotropic viruses.