bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamarindus indica seeds and their neutraceutical applications
Authors: Sheikh Haseena , Shivanna Gunashree B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTamarindus indica commonly known as tamarind is an economically important tree. Tamarind is a multipurpose tree species, every part of the tree have some use. All parts of Tamarind tree are used in food, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile industries, used as a fodder, timber and also as fuel. Tamarind seeds are flat, glossy and dicotyledonous. They are hard, red to purple brown in color. Seed chambers are lined with a stiff or thin membrane with hard cotyledons. Whole tamarind seed is rich in protein. Seed coat is rich in fiber and carbohydrate. Balanced amino acids are present in tamarind seeds, except a few, all amino acids such as Isoleucine, Leucine, Lycine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Valine are in high content. Tamarind seeds contain antinutrients like tannin, phytate, trypsin inhibitor, alkaloid, saponin and oxalate etc. Tamarind seeds are used in pharmaceutical, textile, food, paper industries. The polysaccharide present in seeds act as a gum or thickening agent in food and textile industry. Seeds are used to treat teeth infection, diarrhea, arthritis, indigestion, eye health etc. It also has some applications like antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant and many more.Novelty impact statement

The article deals with the nutritional efficacy of Tamarindus indica seeds but still remains as an underutilized legume due to the presence of tuft of antinutrients which interfere in the bioavailability of essential nutrients

The article focus on the reduction of antinutrients in T. indica seeds through various processes that include traditional and microbial fermentation

The neutraceutical value of T. indica seeds may be enhanced by adopting a suitable method to eliminate antinutrients and their applications in various fields.
Effect of thermal treatments and non‐starch fraction on in vitro starch digestibility of oat bran
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Meili , Zhang Yakun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Guo Xinyue , Huo Rui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effects of removing non‐starch constituents like lipids, proteins, and β‐glucan on the in‐vitro digestibility of oat bran by steaming, microwaving, and hot air drying were investigated in this study. The results showed that the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content of steaming oat bran decreased significantly (p < 0.05), and the glycemic index (e GI) was the lowest (66.11). The resistant starch (RS) content decreased, and in vitro digestibility, hydrolysis index, and eGI values of pretreated oat bran increased after removing the non‐starch constituents. Lipid removal increased in vitro digestibility the most, followed by β‐glucan and protein removal. The solubility of oat bran with removing protein increased significantly after steaming and microwaving treatment (p < 0.05). The relative crystallinity of oat bran decreased during steaming and increased after microwave and hot air drying. In conclusion, co‐existed components like proteins, fiber and lipids are helpful to a purpose of a low GI and slow starch digestion.Practical applicationsIn this study, high value‐added utilization of oat bran was realized, which solved the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the steaming oat bran with intact structure is helpful for a purpose of low GI and slow starch digestion and is more beneficial to human health.
A meta‐ethnography of developing and living with post‐burn scars
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Lin Rose , Su Jing Jing , Abu‐Odah Hammoda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPost‐burn scarring is often cosmetically unappealing and create discomfort. This makes it crucial to understand the experience of individuals living with scars which can offer insights into their recovery. This review sought to develop an in‐depth understanding of living with post‐burn scars.DesignA systematic review and meta‐ethnography approach were employed. We utilized an interpretive approach to inductively generate codes. These codes were examined iteratively using a constant comparison strategy following which they were re‐interpreted to formulate themes which formed the basis of undertaking a narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty‐five studies were retained. The analytical process yielded two themes: emergence of a new identity and living with the redefined self. The experience of living with scars is entwined with the initial trauma as the scars served as a permanent reminder of the injury. Emergence of a new identity involved a process of meaning making, mourning the loss of the old self, confronting the new self, reconciling the remains of the old self with the new, rebuilding a new identity, and navigating through functional restrictions. These processes were particularly challenging for persons involved in self‐immolation. Positive coping and changing one's perspective emerged as strategies to facilitate living with the redefined self.ConclusionLiving with scars is a challenging process which is more difficult for persons whose injuries are due to self‐immolation (act of burning oneself). The findings highlight a latent yet ongoing process towards subjective recovery. Clinicians need to be aware of the processes and incorporate these into rehabilitation programmes.Clinical relevanceBurn survivors need ongoing professional support to adjust to and live with the scars. Victims of self‐immolation should be considered for early psychosocial support.
Comparative morpho‐functional analysis of the humerus and ulna in three Western European moles species of the genus Talpa, including the newly described T. aquitania
Authors: Costes Pauline , Klein Estelle , Delapré Arnaud , Houssin Céline , Nicolas Violaine , Cornette Raphaël 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe forelimb is involved in many behaviours including locomotion. Notably, the humero‐ulnar articulation, implicated in the elbow joint, is of particular importance for both mobility and stability. Functional constraints, induced in part by environmental plasticity, are thought to drive an important part of the bone shape as bone directly responds and remodels in response to both muscle and external forces. In this context, the study of subterranean moles is of particular interest. These moles occupy a hard and heavy medium in comparison with air or water, requiring a powerful body structure to shear and shift the soil. Their general morphology is therefore adapted to digging and to their subterranean lifestyle. The various morpho‐functional patterns, which drive diverse abilities according to the environment, are likely targets of natural selection and it is, therefore, useful to understand the relationships between the bone shape and their function. Here, we quantify, through 3D geometric morphometric methods, the interspecific variability in the morphology of the ulna and humerus of three Talpa species, including the new species Talpa aquitania, to infer their potential consequence in species digging performance. We also quantify shape covariation and morphological integration between the humerus and the ulna to test whether these bones evolve as a uniform functional unit or as more or less independent modules. Our results show that interspecific anatomical differences in the humerus and ulna exist among the three species. Shape changes are mostly located at the level of joints and muscle attachments. As the species tend to live in allopatry and the fossorial lifestyle induces strong ecological constraints, interspecific variations could be explained by the properties of the environment in which they live, such as the compactness of the soil. Our results also show that the humerus and ulna are highly integrated. The covariation between the humerus and ulna in moles is dominated by variation in the attachment areas and particularly of the attachment areas of shoulder muscles concerning the humerus, which affect the mechanical force deployed during locomotion and digging. This study also highlights that in the new species, T. aquitania, variations in anatomical structure (general shape and joints) exist and are related to the locality of collect of the individuals.
Picture‐based acne lesion counts: A validation study to assess accuracy and reliability of acne lesion counts via photography
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Bhatia Ashish , Kaur Arshdeep , Doucette Margot , Kothare Amogh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne lesion counting (ALC) is widely used to evaluate efficacy of new acne treatments. Although such evaluations are precise and highly discriminative, if assessed live, it can be a time‐consuming and intrusive measurement. Photographic assessment is a viable mode for ALCs and for training and/or qualifying evaluators.AimsThe purpose of this study was to validate photographic methods for performing ALCs and to provide an objective measurement tool to train and/or qualify lesion count evaluators for deployment in both small‐ and large‐scale studies.Patients/MethodsAssess accuracy and reliability of acne lesion counting via photographic methods in 8 subjects aged 16 to 40 years, with Fitzpatrick Skin Types I to VI. Frontal and 45°angle images taken at the single in‐clinic visit. Each subject underwent 3 counts per 4 evaluators: 1 set of live counts and 2 sets of photo counts. Intra‐evaluator and inter‐evaluator reliability measures for photo counts were evaluated using calculations of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsEight subjects (2 males and 6 females) age between 16 and 40 (min 16 years, max 25 years) diagnosed with facial acne vulgaris participated in the study. Fitzpatrick Skin Types ranged from III to V (three Type‐III, four Type‐IV, and one Type‐V). ICC values for intra‐evaluator reliability were found to be >0.95 for each evaluator, and ICC for inter‐evaluator reliability was found to be 0.98.ConclusionsPhotographic lesion count methodology is a reliable and accurate tool for objective measurement of ALCs and additionally, for training and/or qualifying evaluators.
Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic dysregulation in the postradiation brain
Authors: Jain Varsha , de Godoy Laiz Laura , Mohan Suyash , Chawla Sanjeev , Learned Kim , Jain Gaurav , Wehrli Felix W. , Alonso‐Basanta Michelle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTechnological advances in the delivery of radiation and other novel cancer therapies have significantly improved the 5‐year survival rates over the last few decades. Although recent developments have helped to better manage the acute effects of radiation, the late effects such as impairment in cognition continue to remain of concern. Accruing data in the literature have implicated derangements in hemodynamic parameters and metabolic activity of the irradiated normal brain as predictive of cognitive impairment. Multiparametric imaging modalities have allowed us to precisely quantify functional and metabolic information, enhancing the anatomic and morphologic data provided by conventional MRI sequences, thereby contributing as noninvasive imaging‐based biomarkers of radiation‐induced brain injury. In this review, we have elaborated on the mechanisms of radiation‐induced brain injury and discussed several novel imaging modalities, including MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion imaging, functional MR, SPECT, and PET that provide pathophysiological and functional insights into the postradiation brain, and its correlation with radiation dose as well as clinical neurocognitive outcomes. Additionally, we explored some innovative imaging modalities, such as quantitative blood oxygenation level‐dependent imaging, susceptibility‐based oxygenation measurement, and T2‐based oxygenation measurement, that hold promise in delineating the potential mechanisms underlying deleterious neurocognitive changes seen in the postradiation setting. We aim that this comprehensive review of a range of imaging modalities will help elucidate the hemodynamic and metabolic injury mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in the irradiated normal brain in order to optimize treatment regimens and improve the quality of life for these patients.
Factors affecting masticatory performance during the mixed dentition period
Authors: Shiramizu Masako , Hasegawa Yoko , Yoneda Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Tasuku , Ouchi Akitsugu , Yamamoto Takafumi , Ono Takahiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the mixed dentition period, masticatory performance may temporarily decline as deciduous teeth are replaced by permanent teeth. This may lead to an insufficient intake of chewy foods.ObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the characteristics of factors that affect masticatory performance during the dentition exchange period.MethodsThe participants were 229 students in grades 4–6 who were in the lateral dentition exchange period. Shearing performance (SP) was evaluated using gummy jelly, and mixing performance (MP) was evaluated using colour‐changing gum. The chewing rate, occlusal force and area, number of teeth, Hellman's tooth age, Rohrer index, grip strength and walking speed were also evaluated. The χ2 test, Mann–Whitney test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and a generalised linear model were used for statistical analysis.ResultsSP/MP showed a significant positive correlation with occlusal force, occlusal contact area and chewing rate for gummy jelly and gum but there was a difference in the strength of the correlation between boys and girls. Chewing rate for gummy jelly and gum showed a significant relationship with both SP and MP, suggesting that masticatory performance is higher with slower chewing. Maximum occlusal force was selected as a significant independent variable for SP, and Rohrer index was selected as a significant independent variable for MP. When the occlusal force was higher and the Rohrer index was lower, the masticatory performance tended to be higher.ConclusionsOur results suggest that masticatory performance during the dentition exchange period is higher with slower chewing and a stronger occlusal force, which may be related to obesity.
Reduced ageing in the frozen state in the tardigrade Milnesium inceptum (Eutardigrada: Apochela)
Authors: Sieger J. , Brümmer F. , Ahn H. , Lee G. , Kim S. , Schill R. O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTardigrades can survive harsh environmental conditions, such as drought and low temperature. To withstand freezing, they enter cryobiosis, a state of biological organization in which metabolic activity slows down or comes reversibly to a standstill. Thus, cryobiosis resembles anhydrobiosis, where tardigrades (and a few other invertebrate groups) undergo extreme desiccation and appear not to age in the dry state. The lack of ageing in the anhydrobiotic state, the so‐called ‘Sleeping Beauty’ hypothesis, is assumed also to pertain to cryobiosis, but this has not been investigated. To test this, a group of tardigrades was subjected to sub‐zero temperature treatment by alternating weekly periods of freezing at −30°C and feeding at 20°C. The temporarily frozen tardigrades lived twice as long as the control group, but both control and temporarily frozen groups had similar lifespans if the time spent frozen was excluded. This represents the first demonstration that the ‘Sleeping Beauty’ hypothesis applies to cryobiosis, meaning that tardigrades do not age while frozen.
Diversification dynamics of chameleons (Chamaeleonidae)
Authors: Giles S. A. W. , Arbuckle K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChameleons are charismatic and common lizards across Madagascar, Africa, and some surrounding regions. Little is known about their diversification dynamics and how this relates to their ecology, so we estimated diversification rate variation and consider this in the context of three hypotheses previously proposed in the literature. First, that the transoceanic dispersal from Africa to Madagascar on two separate occasions has resulted in fast radiation of Malagasy chameleons. Second, that the substantial floral turnover in their distributions within South Africa has resulted in rapid radiations of the endemic dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion). Finally, that the evolution of distinct ecomorphs of chameleon has fuelled fast diversification via adaptive radiations. We use the most recent and complete phylogeny of chameleons to estimate the diversification dynamics of the group using three methods: BAMM (which estimates constant or gradually changing diversification regimes and tests for shifts in these), MEDUSA (which tests for rate shifts in particular clades), and ClaDS (which estimates branch‐specific diversification rates). Our results from all analyses estimate a diversification rate increase in a clade containing most of the genusBradypodion, a group containing the South African dwarf chameleons which occur in recognized biodiversity hotspots in diverse habitats. We find no evidence for shifts resulting from dispersal events to Madagascar or related to the strong ecomorphological divergence of short‐tailed chameleon lineages (Brookesia,Palleon,Rhampholeon, andRieppeleon). The single burst of diversification within chameleons was in a clade which was associated with geographic areas which have experienced rapid habitat turnover and vicariance over the last ~10 million years. This suggests that ‘habitat vicariance’ resulting from ecological changes in vegetation has contributed to the diversity of species in this area by increasing diversification rates.
Predation pressure in amphidromous gobies: how their morphology is selected by predator species
Authors: Lagarde R. , Ponton D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe morphology of an individual can improve its ability to escape predators and ultimately its chances of survival. Sicydiine fishes reproduce in rivers, and their larvae develop in the sea. Once juveniles arrive in rivers, they face numerous predatory fish species. Some juveniles can climb above the first waterfall where the abundance of predatory species is reduced. For individuals that do not climb waterfalls, survival only depends upon their ability to avoid predation. While the factors that affect climbing performance of sicydiines have been extensively described, the information is scarce concerning their predator escape performance. Our experimental study aimed to describe how the predation pressure imposed by three predatory fish species (Eleotris klunzingerii, Kuhlia rupestris, and Anguilla marmorata) affects the individual morphology of juveniles of two sicydiine species from Reunion Island (Cotylopus acutipinnis and Sicyopterus lagocephalus). Individuals which survived predation had a more streamlined body and larger and/or longer pectoral fins for the two sicydiine species, whereas others morphological variables differed with the predator species. Body form of individuals that survived predation also differed from the body form of individuals that climbed waterfalls. The different prey's body forms under selection by the three predator species should be considered in further studies that could address the tradeoff in sicydiines between climbing waterfalls and escaping predation in the field. For example, a careful description of the predator community would help to understand which predator(s) sicydiines juveniles need to escape in downstream reaches and how this particular predation pressure can select body forms.
“DNA Evidence and the Islamic Law of Paternity in Light of Maqāṣid al‐Sharīʿa”
Authors: Fadel Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe protection of progeny (nasl) is one of the five universal ends (al‐maqāṣid al‐kulliyya al‐khams) of Islamic law. Despite this principle, classical Islamic law (fiqh), with very limited exceptions, barred affiliating a child conceived through illicit intercourse to the child’s biological father, even if his identity was known. Was this based on a pragmatic recognition of the impossibility of identifying the “true” biological father of any child or a commitment to a deeper principle? If the former, the reliability of DNA testing would require a change in the rule, but if the latter, DNA’s reliability would be irrelevant. Using primarily examples drawn from the Mālikī school of law, this paper argues, based on a purposive reading of those rules, that biological paternity, while important to Islamic law’s juridical conception of paternity, was not always the most important legal value at stake. Rather, preserving a child’s presumptive affiliation to the mother’s legitimate sexual partner was also a crucial legal value that could carry greater weight than biological paternity when the two conflicted. The tendency to entrench the biological mother’s legitimate sexual partner as the child’s lawful father in all but the most obvious cases of adulterous conception suggests that for pre‐modern Islamic law, the best interests of the child weighed heavily in the law of paternity. In modern circumstances, therefore, DNA evidence of biological paternity, while it should be admissible to establish paternity of illegitimate children born to unmarried women, should not be admissible in cases involving children born to married women. Muslim states could also use DNA evidence of paternity to establish the monetary responsibility of adulterous fathers for their illegitimate children while denying them the benefits of legal paternity. Muslim states, in recognition of the importance of the well‐being of the child, might also reconsider their laws on adoption, by introducing distinctions between adoptive parents and children, on the one hand, and parents and children related by nasab, on the other hand.
The Duration of Pregnancy in Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) and Legislation: Tradition, Adaptation to Modern Medicine and (In)consequences
Authors: Serrano‐Ruano Delfina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article deals with assessments by a number of contemporary Sunni fiqh experts on the legal duration of pregnancy. Most of them strive to demonstrate that classical jurisprudence (fiqh) and modern medicine are perfectly compatible, despite the fact that the former contemplates gestational periods far longer than nine months. Also, they make proposals for national legislative bodies to best accommodate medical evidence to shari`a’s ethical and legal standards. In this way, they legitimize the drastic shortening of the legal duration of pregnancy that had already taken place in the family codes of most Muslim majority countries in order to adapt the Islamic jurisprudence on which these codes are avowedly based to modern medical knowledge. In this specific legal change case‐study, legislation appears to have drawn jurisprudence rather than the reverse.The adoption of the medical duration of pregnancy affects such extremely sensitive issues like the criminalization of non‐marital sexual intercourse and the denial of paternal filiation to the resulting offspring. As long as the latter two fields are not revised accordingly, the contemporary fiqh and legislation on the matter will seem flawed since their implementation leaves women and their children deprived from legal protections they used to have under the corresponding classical jurisprudence in the pre‐modern period.