bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of mass drug administration with a single-dose triple-drug regimen of albendazole + diethylcarbamazine + ivermectin for lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea: An open-label, cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Tavul Livingstone , Laman Moses , Howard Cade , Kotty Bethuel , Samuel Anna , Bjerum Catherine , O’Brian Kobie , Kumai Steven , Amuga Matthew , Lorry Lina , Kerry Zebedee , Kualawi Melvin , Karl Stephan , Makita Leo , John Lucy N. , Bieb Sibauk , Wangi James , Weil Gary J. , Goss Charles W. , Tisch Daniel J. , Pomat William , King Christopher L. , Robinson Leanne J. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a high burden of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, with an estimated 4.2 million people at risk of infection. A single co-administered dose of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (IDA) has been shown to have superior efficacy in sustained clearance of microfilariae compared to diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (DA) in small clinical trials. A community-based cluster-randomised trial of DA versus IDA was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of IDA and DA for LF in a moderately endemic, treatment-naive area in PNG.

Methodology
All consenting, eligible residents of 24 villages in Bogia district, Madang Province, PNG were enrolled, screened for W. bancrofti antigenemia and microfilaria (Mf) and randomised to receive IDA (N = 2382) or DA (N = 2181) according to their village of residence. Adverse events (AE) were assessed by active follow-up for 2 days and passive follow-up for an additional 5 days. Antigen-positive participants were re-tested one year after MDA to assess treatment efficacy.

Principal findings
Of the 4,563 participants enrolled, 96% were assessed for AEs within 2 days after treatment. The overall frequency of AEs were similar after either DA (18%) or IDA (20%) treatment. For those individuals with AEs, 87% were mild (Grade 1), 13% were moderate (Grade 2) and there were no Grade 3, Grade 4, or serious AEs (SAEs). The frequency of AEs was greater in Mf-positive than Mf-negative individuals receiving IDA (39% vs 20% p<0.001) and in Mf-positive participants treated with IDA (39%), compared to those treated with DA (24%, p = 0.023). One year after treatment, 64% (645/1013) of participants who were antigen-positive at baseline were re-screened and 74% of these participants (475/645) remained antigen positive. Clearance of Mf was achieved in 96% (52/54) of infected individuals in the IDA arm versus 84% (56/67) of infected individuals in the DA arm (relative risk (RR) 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.30; p = 0.019). Participants receiving DA treatment had a 4-fold higher likelihood of failing to clear Mf (RR 4.67 (95% CI: 1.05 to 20.67; p = 0.043). In the DA arm, a significant predictor of failure to clear was baseline Mf density (RR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.88; p = 0.007).

Conclusion
IDA was well tolerated and more effective than DA for clearing Mf. Widespread use of this regimen could accelerate LF elimination in PNG.

Trial registration
Registration number NCT02899936; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02899936.
Programme death ligand 1 expressions as a surrogate for determining immunotherapy in cervical carcinoma patients
Authors: Omenai Sebastian A. , Ajani Mustapha A. , Okolo Clement A. 
Published: February 2022

Background
The programme death ligand1 and its receptor (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction is a target for blockage by immunotherapy that uses the body’s own immune system. Some studies show that PD-L1 expressing tumours are also more aggressive with poor prognosis. This study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in uterine cervical carcinomas. Women with cervical cancer would benefit from its use as a marker in therapy and prognosis.

Methods
Hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted. The study materials included 183 archived formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks with histological diagnosis of cervical carcinoma diagnosed in our facility within a five-year period (January 2012 and December 2016) that met the study criteria. Data were extracted from records in the Department and immunohistochemistry was done using polyclonal antibodies to PD-L1 (GTX104763, Genetex). Obtained data were analysed using SPSS version 23. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
A hundred and eighty-three cases of cervical cancer were studied. PD-L1 was positive in 57.4% of all cases. The diffuse pattern of staining was the major pattern accounting for 88.5% of positive cases. Poorly differentiated cervical carcinomas are less likely to express PD-L1. Within the histologic types, the squamous cell carcinomas expressed PD-L1 in 58.7%, and 50% of adenocarcinomas were positive. PD-L1 was not expressed in all cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas and basaloid squamous cell carcinomas.

Conclusion
A significant population of cervical carcinoma expresses PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 prevalence is lower amongst the poorly differentiated cancers compared to other grades.
Interventions to improve early retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Muhula Samuel , Gachohi John , Kombe Yeri , Karanja Simon 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSeveral interventions to improve long term retention (12 months and above) on treatment have been rigorously evaluated in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, research on interventions to improve retention of patients in the early stages of treatment (6 months) during this era of Universal Test and Treat has only recently emerged. The aim of this study is to systematically map evidence of interventions used to improve early retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in SSA.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane electronic databases to identify studies describing interventions aimed at improving early retention in ART treatment. We applied the methodological frameworks by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and Levac et al. (2010). We also followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Interventions were categorized according to key broad areas in the existing literature.ResultsA total of 2,241 articles were identified of which 19 met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for this review, with the majority either being randomized control trials 32% (n = 6) or cohort studies 32% (n = 6). The studies reviewed were conducted in 11 SSA countries. The most common interventions described under key broad areas included: Health system interventions such as Universal Test-and-Treat, integration of ART initiation, HIV Testing and Counselling and Antenatal Care services and reduction of ART drug costs; Patient centered approaches such as fast track ART initiation, Differentiated Drug Delivery models and point of care HIV birth testing; Behavioral interventions and support through lay counselors, mentor mothers, nurse counselors and application of quality improvement interventions and financial incentives. Majority of the studies targeted the HIV positive adults and pregnant women.ConclusionWith the introduction of Universal Test-and-Treat and same-day initiation of ART, findings suggest that adoption of policies that expand ART uptake with the goal of reducing HIV transmission at the population level, promoting patient centered approaches such as fast track ART initiation, Differentiated Service Delivery models and providing adequate support through Mentor Mothers, lay and nurse counselors may improve early retention in HIV care in SSA. However, these interventions have only been tested in few countries in the region which points to how hard evidence based HIV programming is. Further research investigating the impact of individual and a combination of interventions to improve early retention in HIV care, including for various groups at high risk of attrition, is warranted across SSA countries to fast track the achievement of 95-95-95 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) targets by 2030.
The burden of perioperative hypertension/hypotension: A systematic review
Authors: Lizano-Díez Irene , Poteet Stephen , Burniol-Garcia Adrià , Cerezales Mónica 
Published: February 2022

Study objective
Our goal is to review the outcomes of acute hypertensive/hypotensive episodes from articles published in the past 10 years that assessed the short- and long-term impact of acute hypertensive/hypotensive episodes in the perioperative setting.

Methods
We conducted a systematic peer review based upon PROSPERO and Cochrane Handbook protocols. The following study characteristics were collected: study type, author, year, population, sample size, their definition of acute hypertension, hypotension or other measures, and outcomes (probabilities, odds ratio, hazard ratio, and relative risk) and the p-values; and they were classified according to the type of surgery (cardiac and non-cardiac).

Results
A total of 3,680 articles were identified, and 66 articles fulfilled the criteria for data extraction. For the perioperative setting, the number of articles varies by outcome: 20 mortality, 16 renal outcomes, 6 stroke, 7 delirium and 34 other outcomes. Hypotension was reported to be associated with mortality (OR 1.02–20.826) as well as changes from the patient’s baseline blood pressure (BP) (OR 1.02–1.36); hypotension also had a role in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 1.03–14.11). Postsurgical delirium was found in relation with BP lability (OR 1.018–1.038) and intra- and postsurgical hypotension (OR 1.05–1.22), and hypertension (OR 1.44–2.34). Increased OR (37.67) of intracranial hemorrhage was associated to postsurgical systolic BP >130 mmHg. There was a wide range of additional diverse outcomes related to hypo-, hypertension and BP lability.

Conclusions
The perioperative management of BP influences short- and long-term effects of surgical procedures in cardiac and non-cardiac interventions; these findings support the burden of BP fluctuations in this setting.
Grundelemente einer alttestamentlichen Theologie der Migration. Ein Beitrag zur aktuellen Debatte um migrationssensible Theologie aus Sicht der alttestamentlichen Wissenschaft
Authors: Hensel Benedikt 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present essay is intended as a contribution to the current discussion on a »migration-sensitive theology« from the perspective of Hebrew Bible scholarship. It develops four basic elements of a theology of migration that do justice both to the complexity of processes of the emergence of the migration theme and to its enduring claims to validity. Theological, historical, literary-historical and canon-theological aspects of the Pentateuch, the Enneateuch (Gen-2 Kgs) and the biblical understanding of God are considered.
Das Christentum und die säkulare Gesellschaft. Hintergründe und Herausforderungen
Authors: Oberdorfer Bernd 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In a multilateral ecumenical setting, this paper analyses the challenges Christian churches have to deal with in modern »secularized« societies. First, it outlines Charles Taylor’s study The Secular Age as a helpful tool to understand the fundamental cultural changes. Second, it highlights three characteristic shifts: the continuous decrease of membership in mainline churches, the growing diversity of (Christian and non-Christian) religious communities, and the failing transgenerational transmission of religious knowledge and practice. As churches cannot any longer take their cultural relevance for granted, third, the paper pleas for an attitude of ›exploring relevance‹ which is open to new forms of communicating the gospel without, however, losing confidence in the respective formative traditions. Finally, the paper argues that, because all churches share these challenges, the situation encourages ecumenism.
Wegmarken einer Theologie der Versöhnung
Authors: Schliesser Christine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The establishment of numerous truth and reconciliation commissions worldwide in states in transition processes has helped the concept of reconciliation gain increasing attention, not only in political discourses. This article then sketches out, from a theological-ethical perspective, the milestones of a theology of reconciliation, including remembrance, repentance and confession of guilt, forgiveness as well as justice and reparation.
El fenómeno de la COVID-19 y sus efectos sociales en el derecho administrativo del siglo XXI
Authors: Castillo Arjona Monica Ivette 
Published: February 2022

La presente investigación busca analizar desde un enfoque sociológico del derecho, el fenómeno de la pandemia generada por la COVID-19, y el efecto de los principales cambios económicos, políticos y sociales presentes en los últimos años, y cómo estos han influido de manera importante en el deterioro de las relaciones entre los ciudadanos y los gobernantes. A través del método de revisión sistemática de la literatura, de las obras jurídicas, de artículos de investigación, y de normas legales, he procurado buscar respuestas a la siguiente interrogante central: ¿Cómo es posible mejorar la relación entre los gobernantes y los ciudadanos? Haciendo un estado del arte llegué a la conclusión que, la vía idónea para alcanzar un mejor entendimiento entre la administración y los administrados, es precisamente, a través de la revisión y reforma de las normas de derecho público. Con el único fin de evolucionar hacia estándares nacionales no sólo más flexibles, sino que busquen incorporar de manera consciente al ciudadano en la toma de decisiones diarias. Sin embargo, para ello resulta necesario un cambio de mentalidad por parte de los gobernantes que los lleve a creer firmemente en la capacidad de transformación que radica en todos y cada uno de los individuos que conforman una sociedad.
How Moroccan workers experience psychological well-being: A qualitative study
Authors: Bezzaa Ali , El Yadari Khalid 
Published: February 2022

This article draws on the theoretical framework of psychological well-being in order to explore the phenomenon of well-being at work during COVID-19. More specifically, this study utilizes a qualitative methodology and both hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives of well-being to make sense of the experience of well-being at work. Through purposeful sampling, we asked thirty-two Moroccan workers to describe to us their latest well-being experiences on the job.
Overall, we identified fifty-five well-being incidents. Content analysis allowed us to categorize ten dimensions of psychological well-being at work that meet the assumptions of the theory used: positive emotions, satisfaction with the work environment, meaning of work, self-confidence, work autonomy, desire for commitment, development needs, positive relationships with colleagues, perceived performance, and recognition and organizational quality. These findings are discussed with regard to previous literature along with practical implications, limitations, and future research avenues.
Die Verwaltung elektronischer Ressourcen mit Open Source Systemen – neue Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen
Authors: Schildt Martina , Horn Moritz 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
FOLIO ist ein Bibliotheksmanagementsystem zur Organisation aller ressourcenbezogenen Geschäftsabläufe, insbesondere zur Verwaltung elektronischer Ressourcen und zur Weiterverarbeitung ihrer Metadaten in Drittsystemen. Die GOKb ist eine Plattform zur kooperativen Verwaltung elektronischer Medien und Pakete, darunter Dateneinspielung, Paketierung und Änderungsnachverfolgung. Durch den gemeinsamen Einsatz können beide die Arbeit in Bibliotheken transformieren. Aber wie passen sie in die bestehende Systemlandschaft? Was sind die Herausforderungen und Chancen in Bezug auf Datenflüsse und Identifikatoren, aber auch Kommunikation und Kooperation in einem aktiven Entwicklungsumfeld?
Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest
Authors: Sarihan Mucize 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Radiation that is emitted from unstable nuclei during radioactive decay is an important phenomenon to be used in large fields, and thus, radiation shielding properties are important especially for gamma rays. Thus, in the present work, the radiation shielding properties in terms of linear attenuation coefficients and some other quantities for medical interest materials of water, fat and bone have been obtained. The results simulated by Phy-X/PSD online code the energy range of 10−3–105 MeV.
Rock mass structural surface trace extraction based on transfer learning
Authors: Yi Xuefeng , Li Hao , Zhang Rongchun , Gongqiu Zhuoma , He Xiufeng , Liu Lanfa , Sun Yuxuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To solve engineering geological problems, including water conservancy, transportation, and mining, it is necessary to obtain information on rock mass structures, such as slopes, foundation pits, and tunnels, in time. The traditional method for obtaining structural information requires manual measurement, which is time consuming and labor intensive. Because geological information is complicated and diverse, it is not practical for general deep learning methods to obtain full-scale structural surface trace images to prepare training samples. Transfer learning can abstract high-level features from low-level features with a small number of training samples, which can automatically express the inherent characteristics of objects. This article proposed a rock mass structural surface trace extraction method based on the transfer learning technique that considers the attention mechanism and shape constraints. For the general test set, the accuracy of rock mass structural surface trace recognition with the proposed method can reach 87.2%. Experimental results showed that the proposed method has advantages in extracting complicated geological structure information and is valuable for providing technical support for the extraction of geological information in the construction of water conservancy, transportation, mining, and related projects.
Tensile strength grading of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) lamellas from multiple origins, cross sections and qualities
Authors: Westermayr Maximilian , Zeilhofer Monika , Rais Andreas , Kovryga Andriy , van de Kuilen Jan-Willem G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The market share of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood in the construction sector is low despite an increase in beech stock in Central European Forests in recent years. More efficient sawing techniques, higher lamella grading yields and solving of adhesion challenges may increase the competitiveness of beech glulam and promote its use. The aim of this paper is to revise the lamella grading system in the current German technical approval for beech glulam Z-9.1-679:2019 (DIBt (2019). BS-Holz aus Buche und BS-Holz Buche Hybridträger und zugehörige Bauarten. Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z-9.1-679:2019. Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik) and to suggest modifications in the lamella grading rules for glulam production allowing higher yields and reliable tensile strength values at the same time. The unique dataset in this study combined different origins of lamellas and covered a wide range of visual, physical and mechanical wood characteristics including a high amount of low quality material. Indicating properties (IPs) for tensile strength, such as knot parameters and dynamic modulus of elasticity, were contrasted with tensile strength and static modulus of elasticity. Beech lamellas, graded by means of Z-9.1-679:2019 (DIBt (2019). BS-Holz aus Buche und BS-Holz Buche Hybridträger und zugehörige Bauarten. Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung Z-9.1-679:2019. Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik), did not achieve the tensile strengths required for glulam production in many grading classes and the yield was low. A machine grading approach with dynamic modulus of elasticity as a single grading criterion gave higher yields than the current grading procedure and high reliability for tensile strength prediction with a prediction accuracy of R
2 = 0.67.
Hot deformation characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Li L.X. , Rao K.P. , Lou Y. , Peng D.S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The flow behavior and hot deformation mechanisms of Ti-6Al-4Vin both β and (α + β) phase regions have been studied by compression tests in the temperature range 750 – 1100 °C and strain rate range 0.05 –15 s –1. The flow curves displayed discontinuous yielding at temperatures above 850 °C and high strain rates, typically 5 and 15 s–1. Flow oscillations were also observed under such conditions. The relative discontinuous flow stress drop increased with increasing temperature in the (α + β) phase region and reached a steady state in the β phase region. The discontinuous yielding is attributed to the sudden increase in the mobile dislocation density occurring due to the activation of β grain boundary sources during hot deformation. The apparent activation energy estimated using the standard kinetic analysis is about 246 kJ/mol in the β region and 621 kJ/ mol in the (α + β) region while the strain rate sensitivity values are 0.34 and 0.18, respectively. The mechanism in the β region has been suggested to involve grain boundary sliding and dynamic recovery of the β phase while in the (α + β) region a transient mechanism, involving dynamic recovery followed by post deformation recrystallization, has been proposed.
Effect of carbon and nitrogen on the stacking fault energy of high-alloyed iron-based austenite
Authors: Petrov Yu. N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The dependence of stacking fault energy (SFE) on the carbon and nitrogen content in iron-based high-alloyed austenite has been thermodynamically calculated and compared with their experimentally measured values. It is shown that such calculations are confined to dilute solid solutions where the content of interstitials does not exceed 1.5 at.%. In more concentrated solid solutions a significant change in their electronic structure renders such a calculation impossible. The influence of the electronic structure on the SFE and the segregation effect in the considered systems are discussed.
Phase and microstructure selection in peritectic alloys under high G-V ratio
Authors: Dobler Stephane , Kurz Wilfried 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new model for the case of a superposition of a phase transformation and a microstructure transition from columnar plane front to equiaxed dendritic growth for peritectic alloys is presented. This model is applied to Fe–Ni alloys where a phase transition from γ to δ takes place when the solute content decreases. The results of the model are compared with predictions of the nucleation constitutional undercooling model. They show that the peritectic two-(solid) phase region is restricted and may completely disappear depending on nucleation undercooling and dendrite growth kinetics.
Evolution of texture in Alloy 80A during initial ingot breakdown
Authors: Wasle Gregor , Buchmayr Bruno , Clemens Helmut , Günther Anke , Brokmeier Heinz-Günter , Kleber Siegfried 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents details on the evolution of texture in Alloy 80A during the initial ingot break-down process by means of repeated hot-working (cogging). The ingot was produced by vacuum arc re-melting showing equiaxed and columnar grains. Compression tests were performed with a Gleeble system covering the range of temperatures, strains, and strain rates experienced during processing on an industrial scale. Texture analysis (neutron and electron backscatter diffraction) was applied to all specimens before and after hot deformation to reflect the thermo-mechanical history. The ingot exhibited a well pronounced <100>-fiber texture of the initial microstructure. Low deformation ratios did not change the type of texture, but the degree of the preferred orientation. High strains partially result in the destruction of the fiber texture and lead to the appearance of additional texture components, such as cube- and Goss-components. With continued deformation, recovery and recrystallization become predominant.