bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is dynamic over time, whilst GBS capsular polysaccharides-specific antibody remains stable
Authors: Haeusler I L , Daniel O , Isitt C , Watts R , Cantrell L , Feng S , Cochet M , Salloum M , Ikram S , Hayter E , Lim S , Hall T , Athaide S , Cosgrove C A , Tregoning J S , Le Doare K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to invasive infection. This study investigated longitudinal variation in GBS rectovaginal colonization, serum and vaginal GBS capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-specific antibody levels. Non-pregnant women were recruited in the UK and were sampled every 2 weeks over a 12-week period. GBS isolates were taken from recto-vaginal swabs and serotyped by polymerase chain reaction. Serum and vaginal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and nasal immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific to CPS were measured by Luminex, and total IgG/A by ELISA. Seventy women were enrolled, of median age 26. Out of the 66 participants who completed at least three visits: 14/47 (29.8%) women that were GBS negative at screening became positive in follow-up visits and 16/19 (84.2%) women who were GBS positive at screening became negative. There was 50% probability of becoming negative 36 days after the first positive swab. The rate of detectable GBS carriage fluctuated over time, although serum, vaginal, and nasal CPS-specific antibody levels remained constant. Levels of CPS-specific antibodies were higher in the serum of individuals colonized with GBS than in non-colonized, but similar in the vaginal and nasal mucosa. We found correlations between antibody levels in serum and the vaginal and nasal mucosa. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of elution methods to retrieve vaginal and nasal antibodies, and the optimization of immunoassays to measure GBS-CPS-specific antibodies. The difference between the dynamics of colonization and antibody response is interesting and further investigation is required for vaccine development.
Hippocampal and motor regions contribute to memory benefits after enacted encoding: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence
Authors: Noroozian Maryam , Kormi-Nouri Reza , Nyberg Lars , Persson Jonas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe neurobiological underpinnings of action-related episodic memory and how enactment contributes to efficient memory encoding are not well understood. We examine whether individual differences in level (n = 338) and 5-year change (n = 248) in the ability to benefit from motor involvement during memory encoding are related to gray matter (GM) volume, white matter (WM) integrity, and dopamine-regulating genes in a population-based cohort (age range = 25–80 years). A latent profile analysis identified 2 groups with similar performance on verbal encoding but with marked differences in the ability to benefit from motor involvement during memory encoding. Impaired ability to benefit from enactment was paired with smaller HC, parahippocampal, and putamen volume along with lower WM microstructure in the fornix. Individuals with reduced ability to benefit from encoding enactment over 5 years were characterized by reduced HC and motor cortex GM volume along with reduced WM microstructure in several WM tracts. Moreover, the proportion of catechol-O-methyltransferase-Val-carriers differed significantly between classes identified from the latent-profile analysis. These results provide converging evidence that individuals with low or declining ability to benefit from motor involvement during memory encoding are characterized by low and reduced GM volume in regions critical for memory and motor functions along with altered WM microstructure.
Trade Defence Instruments: A New Tool for the European Union’s Extractivism
Authors: Crochet Victor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The European Union (EU) is regularly criticized for using its trade policies to arm-twist other countries into agreeing to supply European factories with raw materials. One area of its trade policy, however, has thus far escaped attention in this regard: trade defence. This should change as the EU increasingly uses trade defence instruments not only to address unfair trade practices but also to seek access to raw materials from other countries. It does so by imposing higher trade defence tariffs on countries that employ policies that ensure raw materials extracted within their territories are processed domestically. This approach is worrisome since, due to the EU’s market size, it may discourage resource-rich countries from developing downstream industries of their own. Furthermore, these countries’ policies are often in line with their international obligations so that the EU is unilaterally infringing on these countries’ sovereignty over their natural resources when targeting these policies. These countries and their exporting producers should thus seize the means at their disposal to put a stop to the EU’s practices.
Strategic Litigation before the International Court of Justice: Evaluating Impact in the Campaign for Rohingya Rights
Authors: Ramsden Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Strategic litigation, a form of litigation brought with the goal to stimulate structural change, is a growing practice in international courts. Although there has been increased scholarly attention on these trends, it has yet to consider the impact arising from strategic litigation before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). This article outlines a basic structure to evaluate the impact of ICJ strategic litigation. It does so generally and through a case study into the campaign by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to restore Rohingya rights and secure accountability for crimes committed against this population through the claim that Myanmar has violated the Genocide Convention. This article identifies the OIC’s campaign goals and how the ICJ case initiated by The Gambia furthered that campaign and evaluates the impact of this case in advancing Rohingya rights.
Removing the surface waves scattered by steep topography from receiver functions
Authors: Lu Yifan , Tian Xiaobo , Liu Youshan 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARY
Higher frequency receiver function (RF) analysis based on dense nodal arrays has been widely used for imaging crustal structures. However, the scattered Rayleigh waves generated by the steep topography including mountain ranges and basin-range junction zones, have become a significant interference that can lead to false structures in RF images. In this study, we propose a novel method to remove scattered Rayleigh waves from RF profiles by using a high-resolution linear Radon transform. Based on the difference in the apparent velocity of Rayleigh and converted waves at interfaces, we construct a scheme to design an optimal filter mask. Synthetic and observed data show that this method can be an effective tool to remove high-amplitude Rayleigh waves and preserve low-amplitude converted waves almost harmlessly. Modelling tests also show that it is suitable for non-uniform station spacing, white noise and models that include dipping interfaces.
The gendered drivers of absenteeism in the Nigerian health system
Authors: Ogbozor Pamela , Onwujekwe Obinna , Balabanova Dina , Odii Aloysius , Agwu Prince , McKee Martin , Obi Uche , Orjiakor Charles Tochukwu , Hutchinson Eleanor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ability to deliver primary care in Nigeria is undermined by chronic absenteeism, but an understanding of its drivers is needed if effective responses are to be developed. While there is a small but growing body of relevant research, the gendered dynamics of absenteeism remains largely unexplored. We apply a gendered perspective to understanding absenteeism and propose targeted strategies that appear likely to reduce it. We did so by means of a qualitative study that was part of a larger project examining corruption within the health system in six primary healthcare facilities across rural and urban regions in Enugu State, south-east Nigeria. We conducted 30 in-depth interviews with frontline health workers, healthcare managers and community members of the health facility committee. Six focus group discussions were held with male and female service users. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants described markedly gendered differences in the factors contributing to health worker absenteeism that were related to gender norms. Absence by female health workers was attributed to domestic and caregiving responsibilities, including housekeeping, childcare, cooking, washing and non-commercial farming used to support their families. Male health workers were most often absent to fulfil expectations related to their role as breadwinners, with dual practice and work in other sectors to generate additional income generation as their formal salaries were considered irregular and poor. Demands arising from socio-cultural and religious events affected the attendance of both male and female health workers. Both men and women were subject to sanctions, but managers and facility chairs were more lenient with women when absence was due to caregiving and other domestic responsibilities. In summary, gender roles influence absenteeism amongst primary healthcare workers in Nigeria and thus should be taken into account in developing nuanced responses that take account of the social, economic and cultural factors that underpin these roles.
Selection and performance evaluation of waste and by-product materials for thermal storage applications
Authors: Erregueragui Zineb , Tizliouine Abdeslam , Ouhsaine Lahoucine , Chafi Mohammed , Omari Lhaj El Hachemi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recycled materials and by-products could help solve the waste crisis and support the circular economy. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of potentially available wastes and by-products in Morocco to the local rock Gneiss, for use in sensible heat thermal energy storage. A heat transfer model was developed to undertake the benchmark, a control volume approach and an implicit scheme have been used to solve the modelling equations. The study concludes that Gneiss followed by asbestos-containing waste ceramics presented the fastest charging rates and elevated energy and exergy efficiencies, while the demolition wastes showed the highest amount of recovered energy during longer periods of charge and discharge.
Techniques and applications of lignocellulose biomass sources as transport fuels and other bioproducts
Authors: Inyang Victoria , Laseinde O T , Kanakana Grace M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials are important, cheap and abundantly available biomass feedstock, which include agricultural waste or residues, micro algae, forestry and urban solid wastes for the production of fuels and platform chemicals. These renewable energy supplies assist in decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions and thus environmental pollution. The various stages necessary for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and bio products include pre-treatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and product recovery. However, there are many challenges that need to be overcome for successful conversion into useful commercial products while minimizing the formation of by-products at the same time. Each technology involved in the bioconversion has its own characteristics and limitations. A general overview of the different technologies involved in the conversion of lignocellulosic materials is explored, assessed and analysed in this study. Lignocellulosic biomass is most likely to be an indispensable renewable source for the economic biofuels and bioproducts production because of its availability and sustainability. The biofuels and bioproducts have potentials to decrease the use of imported fossil resources thus providing economic benefits. The development of clean, green and renewable technologies will pave the way for commercialization.
Outcomes of Mayo Clinic reBoot camps for postimplementation training in the electronic health record
Authors: Gordon Joel E , Belford Sylvia M , Aranguren Dawn L , Blair David , Fleming Richard , Gajarawala Nikunj M , Heiderscheit Jon , Laabs Susan B , Looft Kathryn A , Rosedahl Jordan K , O’Horo John C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
After a new electronic health record (EHR) was implemented at Mayo Clinic, a training program called reBoot Camp was created to enhance ongoing education in response to needs identified by physician leaders.

Materials and Methods
A reBoot camp focused on EHR topics pertinent to ambulatory care was offered from April 2018 through June 2020. There were 37 2-day sessions and 43 1-day sessions, with 673 unique participants. To evaluate outcomes of the reBoot camp, we used survey data to study baseline, immediate, and long-term perceptions of program satisfaction and self-assessed skills with the EHR. The study was conducted among practitioners at a large ambulatory practice network based in several states. Data were collected from April 2018 through January 2021. We analyzed automatically collected metadata and scores that evaluated the amount of personalization and proficiency of use.

Results
Confidence in skills increased by 13.5 points for general EHR use and was significant in 5 subdomains of use (13–18 point improvement). This degree of user confidence was maintained at the 6-month reassessment. The outcomes of configuration and proficiency scores also improved significantly.

Discussion
Ongoing education regarding EHR tools is necessary to support continued use of technology. This study was novel because of the amount and breadth of data collected, diversity of user participation, and validation that improvements were maintained over time.

Conclusions
Participating in a reBoot camp significantly improved user confidence in each domain of the EHR and demonstrated use of best-practice tools. Users maintained gains at the 6-month evaluation phase.
Automated growth monitoring app (GROWIN): a mobile Health (mHealth) tool to improve the diagnosis and early management of growth and nutritional disorders in childhood
Authors: de Arriba Muñoz Antonio , García Castellanos María Teresa , Cajal Mercedes Domínguez , Beisti Ortego Anunciación , Ruiz Ignacio Martínez , Labarta Aizpún José Ignacio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess the functionality and feasibility of the GROWIN app for promoting early detection of growth disorders in childhood, supporting early interventions, and improving children’s lifestyle by analyzing data collected over 3 years (2018–2020).

Methods
We retrospectively assessed the growth parameters (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], abdominal circumference) entered by users (caregivers/parents) in the GROWIN app. We also analyzed the potential health problems detected and the messages/recommendations the app showed. Finally, we assessed the possible impact/benefit of the app on the growth of the children.

Results
A total of 21 633 users (Spanish [65%], Latin American [30%], and others [5%]) entered 10.5 ± 8.3 measurements (0–15 y old). 1200 recommendations were for low height and 550 for low weight. 1250 improved their measurements. A specialist review was recommended in 500 patients due to low height. 2567 nutrition tests were run. All children with obesity (n = 855, BMI: 27.8 kg/m2 [2.25 SD]) completed the initial test with a follow-up of ≥1 year. Initial results (score: 8.1) showed poor eating habits (fast food, commercially baked goods, candy, etc.), with &gt;90% not having breakfast. After 3–6 months, BMI decreased ≥1 point, and test scores increased ≥2 points. This benefit was maintained beyond 1 year and was correlated with an improvement in BMI (r = −.65, P = .01).

Discussion/Conclusions
The GROWIN app represents an innovative automated solution for families to monitor growth. It allows the early detection of abnormal growth indicators during childhood and adolescence, promoting early interventions. Additionally, in children with obesity, an improvement in healthy nutritional habits and a decrease in BMI were observed.
Markets, Sovereignty, and Racialization
Authors: Fakhri Michael 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The 2009 European Union (EU) Seal Regime banning the importation of seal products on moral grounds and the series of cases before the EU courts and World Trade Organization provide an opportunity to understand how capitalism relies on racial categories. The EU Seal Regime is racist since it constructs an Indigenous identity based on abstract European definitions of subsistence hunting. It also has a unique racializing dynamic that proports to protect Indigenous identity from afar but in effect decimates Indigenous communities in their homeland. In this struggle over seals and the trade laws that constitute the global seal market, the concept of sovereignty in this instance helps clarify what is at stake. What is at stake is a contest over who has jurisdiction over seal bodies: whoever has the power to create the market rules that determine the taking and selling of seals in effect determines the sovereign power in the Arctic. Ultimately, what is problematic with the Seal Regime is that the definition of European morals used to justify the ban of seal products relied on a relationship that simultaneously ignored and threatened Indigenous existence.
Causes of Inappropriate Laboratory Test Ordering from the Perspective of Medical Laboratory Technical Professionals: Implications for Research and Education
Authors: VanSpronsen Amanda D , Zychla Laura , Turley Elona , Villatoro Valentin , Yuan Yan , Ohinmaa Arto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveInappropriate laboratory test ordering is a significant and persistent problem. Many causes have been identified and studied. Medical laboratory professionals (MLPs) are technical staff within clinical laboratories who are uniquely positioned to comment on why inappropriate ordering occurs. We aimed to characterize existing MLP perceptions in this domain to reveal new or underemphasized interventional targets.MethodsWe developed and disseminated a self-administered survey to MLPs in Canada, including open-ended responses to questions about the causes of inappropriate laboratory test ordering.ResultsFour primary themes were identified from qualitative analysis: ordering-provider factors, communication factors, existing test-ordering processes, and patient factors. Although these factors can largely be found in previous literature, some are under-studied.ConclusionMLP insights into nonphysician triage ordering and poor result communication provide targets for further investigation. A heavy focus on individual clinician factors suggests that current understandings and interprofessional skills in the MLP population can be improved.
Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Human Papillomavirus Among Active Duty Service Members at a Large Military Base
Authors: Ward Marion , Beltran Thomas , Corbo Allyson , Sevilla Maureen , Bedno Sheryl , Penick Emily 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess gaps in human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and current attitudes toward HPV vaccination among active duty soldiers at Fort Bragg, NC, and to evaluate the impact of the instruction intervention on knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV vaccination.

Methods
A six-question assessment was administered to soldiers presenting for appointments through the Epidemiology and Disease Control (EDC) Clinic at Fort Bragg in January 2020. Questions included five multiple choice knowledge assessments and a Likert scale attitude question regarding HPV vaccination. The assessment was administered before and after a one-on-one educational intervention conducted by the EDC Clinic nursing staff. Pre- and post-assessments were matched using unique encounter numbers.

Results
A total of 139 matched pre- and post-education assessments were completed. Statistically significant changes in HPV knowledge were observed in test score and percent correct (P &lt; .001). Additionally, for individuals reporting no prior HPV vaccination, attitudes toward receiving it increased from 4 (interquartile range 3-5) to 5 (4-5) following instructions (P &lt; .001). This indicates a shift from moderately interested to very interested.

Conclusions
Results among soldiers demonstrated a lack of knowledge regarding HPV infection, its long-term effects, and preventive measures available among this population of active duty members. Assessment results also illustrated education about HPV infection and vaccination positively impacts soldiers’ knowledge and attitudes toward HPV vaccination.
Ground-based observability of Dimorphos DART impact ejecta: photometric predictions
Authors: Moreno Fernando , Campo Bagatin Adriano , Tancredi Gonzalo , Liu Po-Yen , Domínguez Bruno 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is a NASA mission intended to crash a projectile on Dimorphos, the secondary component of the binary (65803) Didymos system, to study its orbit deflection. As a consequence of the impact, a dust cloud will be be ejected from the body, potentially forming a transient coma- or comet-like tail on the hours or days following the impact, which might be observed using ground-based instrumentation. Based on the mass and speed of the impactor, and using known scaling laws, the total mass ejected can be roughly estimated. Then, with the aim to provide approximate expected brightness levels of the coma and tail extent and morphology, we have propagated the orbits of the particles ejected by integrating their equation of motion, and have used a Monte Carlo approach to study the evolution of the coma and tail brightness. For typical power-law particle size distribution of index –3.5, with radii rrmin = 1 μm and rmax = 1 cm, and ejection speeds near 10 times the escape velocity of Dimorphos, we predict an increase of brightness of ∼3 magnitudes right after the impact, and a decay to pre-impact levels some 10 d after. That would be the case if the prevailing ejection mechanism comes from the impact-induced seismic wave. However, if most of the ejecta is released at speeds of the order of ≳100 m s−1, the observability of the event would reduce to a very short time span, of the order of 1 d or shorter.
A truncated inner disc in the Seyfert 1 galaxy WKK 4438
Authors: Gallo L C , Buhariwalla M Z , Jiang J , D’Ammando F , Walton D J 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Understanding whether and when the accretion disc extends down to the innermost stable circular orbit is important since it is the fundamental assumption behind measuring black hole spin. Here, we examine the 2013 and 2018 NuSTAR and Swift data ($0.5\!-\!50{\rm \, keV}$) of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy, WKK 4438. The X-ray emission can be fitted well with models depicting a corona and blurred reflection originating from a disc around a low-spin (a* ≈ 0) black hole. However, such models result in unconventional values for some of the parameters (e.g. inverted emissivity profile and high coronal height). Alternatively, equally good fits can be achieved if the disc is truncated at $\sim 10{\, r_{\rm g}}$ and the black hole is spinning at the Thorne limit (a* = 0.998). In these cases, the model parameters are consistent with the interpretation that the corona is centrally located close to the black hole and illuminating the disc at a larger distance.