bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis use and the risk of periodontitis: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Baumeister Sebastian‐Edgar , Alayash Zoheir , Baurecht Hansjörg , Reckelkamm Stefan Lars , Kocher Thomas , Holtfreter Birte , Ehmke Benjamin , Nolde Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to leverage human genetic data to investigate whether cannabis use causally affects periodontitis.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from summary statistics of genome‐wide association studies of lifetime cannabis use (N = 184,765), cannabis use disorder (17,068 cases; 357,219 controls), and periodontitis (17,353 cases; 28,210 controls). We performed two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using 6 genetic variants as instrumental variables for lifetime cannabis use and 11 variants as instruments for cannabis use disorder to estimate associations with periodontitis.ResultsThere was no evidence for an association between genetic liability for lifetime cannabis use or cannabis use disorder with periodontitis. The estimates from the primary analyses were supported in multivariable MR analysis, which considered potential pleiotropic pathways and in weak instrument analyses.ConclusionsThis study provides little evidence to support a detrimental effect of genetic liability for cannabis use on periodontal health.
Comparison of supine and seated orthostatic hypotension assessments and their association with falls and orthostatic symptoms
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Appel Lawrence J. , M. Mitchell Christine , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Blackford Amanda L. , Cai Yurun , Guralnik Jack M. , Kalyani Rita R. , Michos Erin D. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Wanigatunga Amal A. , Miller Edgar R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrthostatic hypotension (OH) based on a change from seated‐to‐standing blood pressure (BP) is often used interchangeably with supine‐to‐standing BP.MethodsThe Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You (STURDY) was a randomized trial of vitamin D3 supplementation and fall in adults aged ≥70 years at high risk of falls. OH was defined as a drop in systolic or diastolic BP of at least 20 or 10 mmHg, measured at pre‐randomization, 3‐, 12‐, and 24‐month visits with each of 2 protocols: seated‐to‐standing and supine‐to‐standing. Participants were asked about orthostatic symptoms, and falls were ascertained via daily fall calendar, ad hoc reporting, and scheduled interviews.ResultsAmong 534 participants with 993 paired supine and seated assessments (mean age 76 ± 5 years, 42% women, 18% Black), mean baseline BP was 130 ± 19/68 ± 11 mmHg; 62% had a history of high BP or hypertension. Mean BP increased 3.5 (SE, 0.4)/2.6 (SE, 0.2) mmHg from sitting to standing, but decreased with supine to standing (mean change: −3.7 [SE, 0.5]/−0.8 [SE, 0.3] mmHg; P‐value < 0.001). OH was detected in 2.1% (SE, 0.5) of seated versus 15.0% (SE, 1.4) of supine assessments (P < 0.001). While supine and seated OH were not associated with falls (HR: 1.55 [0.95, 2.52] vs 0.69 [0.30, 1.58]), supine systolic OH was associated with higher fall risk (HR: 1.77 [1.02, 3.05]). Supine OH was associated with self‐reported fainting, blacking out, seeing spots and room spinning in the prior month (P‐values < 0.03), while sitting OH was not associated with any symptoms (P‐values ≥ 0.40).ConclusionSupine OH was more frequent, associated with orthostatic symptoms, and potentially more predictive of falls than seated OH.
The Loss in Connection with Catastrophes (LICCS) Scale: Understanding couple outcomes
Authors: Witting Alyssa Banford , Busby Dean M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study presented the design of the Loss in Connection with Catastrophes Scale (LICCS). Information regarding reliability and validity were presented, alongside the potential uses of this instrument in research and clinical settings. Furthermore, the importance of attending to couple and family relationships in disaster studies was proposed, and preliminary dyadic findings examining the LICCS with a sample of heterosexual couples (N = 240) as a correlate of mental and relational well‐being were set forth. The overall findings suggest (a) resource loss as well as indicators of mental and relational well‐being were associated among couples and (b) greater resource loss was associated with greater distress within and between partners. This study was important in that it is one of only a few in the past two decades to utilize dyadic data in the study of couples and disasters. Directions for future study using the LICCS to understand loss processes were addressed.
Streptococcus pasteurianus‐induced valvular endocarditis and sepsis in a puerperal emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)
Authors: Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues , de Castro Mariana Ferreira , Pimentel Samantha Pinheiro , de Carvalho Thaynara Parente , Santana Clarissa Helena , Santos Daniel de Oliveira , Tinoco Herlandes Penha , Coelho Carlyle Mendes , Pessanha Angela Tinoco , da Paixão Tatiane Alves , Santos Renato Lima 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStreptococcus pasteurianus is associated with endocarditis and sepsis in humans. A puerperal emperor tamarin died, and necropsy showed a bacterial endocarditis with sepsis. DNA sequencing from the paraffinized heart tissue was compatible with S. pasteurianus. S. pasteurianus could be an important agent associated with sepsis in tamarins.
Glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities in Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Salehidoost Rezvan , Korbonits Márta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProlonged excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) has adverse systemic effects leading to significant morbidities and an increase in mortality. Metabolic alterations associated with the high level of the GCs are key risk factors for the poor outcome. These include GCs causing excess gluconeogenesis via upregulation of key enzymes in the liver, a reduction of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue by inhibiting the insulin receptor signalling pathway, and inhibition of insulin secretion in beta cells leading to dysregulated glucose metabolism. In addition, chronic GC exposure leads to an increase in visceral adipose tissue, as well as an increase in lipolysis resulting in higher circulating free fatty acid levels and in ectopic fat deposition. Remission of hypercortisolism improves these metabolic changes, but very often does not result in full resolution of the abnormalities. Therefore, long‐term monitoring of metabolic variables is needed even after the resolution of the excess GC levels.
Effectiveness of transition programs on new graduate nurses’ clinical competence, job satisfaction and perceptions of support: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Charette Martin , McKenna Lisa , McGillion Anthony , Burke Shirley 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of two graduate nurse programs on new graduate nurses’ overall competence at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Secondary aims were to assess new nurses’ job satisfaction at 12 months and explore their experiences of support.BackgroundMost clinical settings have implemented transition programs to help new nurses to adapt to their new environments and expand their competences. To this day, very few studies have assessed the effectiveness of these programs.DesignLongitudinal mixed‐methods study.MethodsThe study was conducted at two teaching hospitals in Australia. New nurses were recruited during orientation. Data were collected at baseline (T0;n = 88), 3 (T1;n = 29), 6 (T2;n = 15), 9 (T3;n = 11) and 12 months (T4;n = 9). At each time point, the questionnaire included demographic and the Nurse Competence Scale. At T4, the questionnaire also included the Nurse Satisfaction Scale. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted from T1 to T4. This study conforms to the STROBE guidelines.ResultsCompetence increased significantly at T1, with participants stating that they learned by “getting out” of student mode. At T2, despite no significant difference in competence, participants expressed they were more confident and in control, because they felt supported. Again, at T3, there was no significant increase in competence. Finally, at T4, competence increased significantly, with participants acknowledging that they still had a lot to learn.ConclusionThis study supports that 12‐month transition programs are necessary for NGNs to expand their competence. One major factor influencing NGNs during their first year was how well they felt supported and encouraged to seek help when they needed it.RelevanceThere is a need to understand how new NGNs enrolled in transition programs expand their competences. Their professional development depends on a supportive environment where NGNs feel confident in asking questions or for help.
Individual differences in social power: Links with beliefs about emotion and emotion regulation
Authors: Zerwas Felicia K. , Tharp Jordan A. , Chen Serena , Mauss Iris B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivePeople differ in how they regulate their emotions, and how they do so is guided by their beliefs about emotion. We propose that social power—one's perceived influence over others—relates to one's beliefs about emotion and to emotion regulation. More powerful people are characterized as authentic and uninhibited, which should translate to the belief that one should not have to control one's emotions and, in turn, less suppression and more acceptance. More powerful people are also characterized as self‐efficacious and confident, which should translate to the belief that one can control one's emotions and, in turn, more reappraisal and acceptance.MethodTwo preregistered studies using four samples (Ntotal = 1286) tested these hypotheses using cross‐sectional and longitudinal surveys as well as diaries.ResultsIn Study 1, power related to beliefs about emotion and emotion regulation in hypothesized ways. Study 2 also largely supported the hypotheses: The belief that one should not have to control one's emotions accounted for the links between power and suppression and acceptance, whereas the belief that one can control one's emotions accounted for the link between power and reappraisal.ConclusionPower and emotion regulation are interconnected, in part because of their links with beliefs about emotions.
How many and what mechanisms are needed to explain self‐regulatory functions in personality dynamics: Toward a model based on the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits
Authors: Skimina Ewa , Strus Włodzimierz , Cieciuch Jan , Topolewska‐Siedzik Ewa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose a model of basic self‐regulatory mechanisms that integrates descriptive‐structural and dynamic‐explanatory approaches to personality. Using a structural way of thinking and based on a structural model of personality (the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits), we deduced two orthogonal (distinct) but interactive mechanisms: (a) Impulse Control responsible for controlling automatically activated impulses, urges, and affective reactions and (b) Self‐Motivation responsible for regulating intentions in goal‐oriented behaviors. Their operation depends on both situational and dispositional factors and optimal functioning of both mechanisms is needed for effective regulation of behavior. People can also be characterized by relatively stable levels of Impulse Control and Self‐Motivation as dispositions, which depend on temperamental predispositions but can develop incoherently with them due to the impact of environmental factors. Combinations of Impulse Control and Self‐Motivation as dispositions result in personality types, which differ in their adaptiveness. Importantly, Impulse Control and Self‐Motivation mechanisms reveal substantial similarities to other self‐regulatory constructs described in the literature, particularly those included in Block and Block's as well as Kuhl's theories. The contribution of our paper may serve as an example of how to apply the descriptive‐structural approach to develop a dynamic‐explanatory model of personality.
The association of crash response times and deaths at the crash scene: A cross‐sectional analysis using the 2019 National Emergency Medical Service Information System
Authors: Adeyemi Oluwaseun J. , Paul Rajib , DiMaggio Charles , Delmelle Eric , Arif Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeaths at the crash scene (DAS) are crash deaths that occur within minutes after a crash. Rapid crash responses may reduce the occurrence of DAS.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the association of crash response time and DAS during the rush and nonrush hour periods by rurality/urbanicity.MethodThis single‐year cross‐sectional study used the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Information System. The outcome variable was DAS. The predictor variables were crash response measures: EMS Chute Initiation Time (ECIT) and EMS Travel Time (ETT). Age, gender, substance use, region of the body injured, and the revised trauma score were used as potential confounders. Logistic regression was used to assess the unadjusted and adjusted odds of DAS.ResultsA total of 654,675 persons were involved in EMS‐activated road crash events, with 49.6% of the population exposed to crash events during the rush hour period. A total of 2,051 persons died at the crash scene. Compared to the baseline of less than 1 minute, ECIT ranging from 1 to 5 minutes was significantly associated with 58% (95% CI: 1.45‐1.73) increased odds of DAS. Also, when compared to the baseline of less than 9 minutes, ETT ranging between 9 and 18 minutes was associated with 34% (95% CI: 1.22‐1.47) increased odds of DAS. These patterns were consistent during the rush and nonrush hour periods and across rural and urban regions.ConclusionReducing crash response times may reduce the occurrence of DAS.
Asymmetric belowground carbon transfer in a diverse tree community
Authors: Avital Shifra , Rog Ido , Livne‐Luzon Stav , Cahanovitc Rotem , Klein Tamir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMycorrhizal fungi can colonize multiple trees of a single or multiple taxa, facilitating bidirectional exchange of carbon between trees. Mycorrhiza‐induced carbon transfer was shown in the forest, but it is unknown whether carbon is shared symmetrically among tree species, and if not, which tree species are better donors and which are better recipients. Here, we test this question by investigating carbon transfer dynamics among five Mediterranean tree species in a microcosm system, including both ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular (AM) plants. Trees were planted together in “community boxes” using natural soil from a mixed forest plot that serves as a habitat for all five tree species and their native mycorrhizal fungi. In each box, only the trees of a single species were pulse‐labelled with13CO2. We found that carbon transfer was asymmetric, with oak being a better donor, and pistacia and cypress better recipients. Shared mycorrhizal species may have facilitated carbon transfer, but their diversity did not affect the amount, nor timing, of the transfer. Overall, our findings in a microcosm system expose rich, but hidden, belowground interactions in a diverse population of trees and mycorrhizal fungi. The asymmetric carbon exchange among cohabiting tree species could potentially contribute to forest resilience in an uncertain future.
Hedged testimony
Authors: van Elswyk Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpeakers offer testimony. They also hedge. This essay offers an account of how hedging makes a difference to testimony. Two components of testimony are considered: how testimony warrants a hearer's attitude, and how testimony changes a speaker's responsibilities. Starting with a norm‐based approach to testimony where hearer's beliefs are prima facie warranted because of social norms and speakers acquire responsibility from these same norms, I argue that hedging alters both components simultaneously. It changes which attitudes a hearer is prima facie warranted in forming in response to testimony, and reduces how much responsibility a speaker undertakes in testifying. A consequence of this account is that speakers who hedge merely for strategic purposes deprive their hearers of warrant for stronger doxastic attitudes.
Protein‐losing enteropathy recurrence after pediatric heart transplantation: Multicenter case series
Authors: Sagray Ezequiel , Johnson Jonathan N. , Schumacher Kurt R. , West Shawn , Lowery Ray E. , Simpson Kathleen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProtein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) is a devastating complication of the Fontan circulation. Although orthotopic heart transplantation (HTx) typically results in resolution of PLE symptoms, isolated cases of PLE relapse have been described after HTx.MethodsPatients with Fontan‐related PLE who had undergone HTx at participating centers and experienced relapse of PLE during follow‐up were retrospectively identified. Available data related to pre‐ and post‐HTx characteristics and PLE events were collected.ResultsEight patients from four different centers were identified. Median time from Fontan procedure to the development of PLE was 8 years, and median age at HTx was 17 years (range 7.7–21). In all patients, PLE resolved at a median time of 1 month after HTx (0.3–5). PLE recurrences occurred at a median time of 7.5 months after HTx (2–132). Each occurrence was associated with one or more significant clinical events; most commonly cellular‐ or antibody‐mediated rejection; and less commonly graft dysfunction, infection, thrombosis, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. PLE recurrences resolved after the successful treatment of the concomitant event, after a median time of 2 months in seven cases, while persisted and recurred in one patient in association with atypical mycobacterium infection and subsequent PTLD onset and relapses. Six patients were alive during follow‐up at a median time of 4 years (1.3–22.5) after HTx.ConclusionsThis is the largest series of PLE recurrence after HTx. All cases were associated with one or more concomitant and significant clinical events. PLE typically resolved after resolution of the inciting clinical event.
Norwegian public health nurses’ competence areas
Authors: Dahl Berit Misund , Glavin Kari , Teige Anne‐May , Karlsen Anne‐Gerd , Steffenak Anne Kjersti Myhrene 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the competence areas of public health nurses in Norway.DesignA qualitative and comparative design was employed.SampleA purposive sample of 41 public health nurses participated.MeasurementsData were gathered from focus groups and individual interviews. The interviews centered around an open question about public health nurses’ knowledge. They also discussed 10 proposed competence areas for public health nursing, developed from the literature. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts, followed by a synthesis of the data from the interviews and earlier developed competencies. The 10 competence areas for Norwegian public health nursing were then refined. Finally, we compared the affirmed competence areas with earlier developed cornerstones and the new educational guidelines.ResultsThe interviews revealed 10 competence areas. These 10 competence areas were synthesized with the 10 proposed competencies from literature. Ten affirmed competence areas, which mostly corresponded with the competences from literature, were developed. The affirmed competencies were supported by the previously developed cornerstones and new educational guidelines.ConclusionsThe affirmed competencies will help promote and explain the content and focus of PHNs’ work in Norway and may have implications for education and international research.
A population study of the NYS measles epidemic: Lessons learned
Authors: Marye Stacey , Spencer Gale 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn 2019 the United States experienced the largest outbreak of measles in 27 years, 19 years after the United States declared measles eliminated. The purpose of this paper was to present a population study of a measles outbreak within Orthodox Jewish communities in New York that led to the elimination of religious exemption for school mandated vaccines.MethodsPeer reviewed articles, news media, health department, and government resources were used to investigate environmental factors that led to this outbreak. State, county, and city immunization records were accessed to explore measles compliance rates before and after policy change.ResultsRockland County had low compliance rates compared to the rest of the state, and the elimination of religious exemptions raised compliance rate almost to state level. In all but one affected New York City zip codes, compliance following policy change rose to 97.95%–99.15%.ConclusionsOverall, changes in measles compliance rates reflect policy goals, but localized differences imply a need for more customized interventions for each unique community. Public health planning to promote vaccination should be sensitive to the concerns and perceptions of each community in order for health interventions to have a positive effect.
RETRACTED:CRISPR/Cas genome editing perspectives for barley breeding
Authors: Kershanskaya Olga I. , Yessenbaeva Gulvira L. , Nelidova Darya S. , Karabekova Aizhan N. , Sadullaeva Zarina N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 technology shows potential to improve crop breeding efficiency and antiviral defense. The interest in DNA editing in crops has grown due to the possibility of increasing the resistance of different plants to many viruses. Our aim was to create an elite disease‐resistant local barley cultivar using CRISPR/Cas9 biotechnology. For this purpose, we used CRISPR/Cas 9‐eIF4E with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) barley gene to edit the genomes of five local Kazakhstan barley cultivars. After identifying the single guide RNA (sgRNA) target sequences, they were synthesized and cloned into the CRISPR‐plant vector before being introduced into barley cells via our own patented Agrobacterium germ‐line transformation technique. Barley plants eIF4E‐modified were successfully obtained and were resistant to virus infection. Based on our research, the CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing could be a prospect for applying this breakthrough biotechnology in barley breeding.
What's the grand story? A macro‐narrative analytical model and the case of Swiss child and adult protection policy
Authors: Stauffer Bettina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper expands on the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) by adding a theoretical and empirical exploration into macrolevel narratives. Existing NPF research largely neglects macrolevel narratives, which prevents the NPF from developing its full power. The main contributions of this paper are threefold: (1) It provides a definition of macrolevel narratives by conceptualizing them as the “story form” of a policy paradigm. (2) It proposes a model and an empirical approach, which may lay the foundation for a standard macrolevel NPF approach. (3) It contributes to the NPF's aim of connecting the macro and meso level. The paper tests the model in a comparative multi‐method design applied to the Swiss child and adult protection policy. The findings show that macrolevel NPF analysis helps understand where mesolevel policy debates come from, namely from an underlying paradigm and its effects on institutions and culture that enable and constrain macrolevel narratives.