bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of sexual violence and attribution of responsibility in Georgian youth
Authors: Mchedlishvili Natalia , Zhghenti Nino 
Published: May 2022

Background: Sexual violence is a complex and pressing social issue that needs urgent solutions. Republic of Georgia is one of those countries where despite some advancements in law and practice, patriarchal beliefs and behaviour patterns still prevail in a daily life. So far, there has not been undertaken an in-depth study on how Georgians and particularly youth, define sexual violence and what are the justifications behind these views. The aim of the research is to understand how Georgian students understand sexual violence, who they think are responsible for sexual violence and what are the underlying reasons behind those views. Method: In total, 37 in-depth interviews have been conducted with Georgian students, from September of 2019 to March of 2021. The study participants were recruited from different universities, including the two biggest cities of Georgia - Tbilisi and Batumi. Results: The research revealed that understanding of sexual violence is far more complex than it was expected. Georgian students define sexual violence as a broad category where sexual harassment and sexual coercion have overlapping and at the same time independent meaning. Interpretation and attribution of responsibility in all three categories are dependent on situations and context that contain not only physical violence but also inappropriate touch, insistent gaze, comments about body parts, sexist insults and discrimination, messages of sexual content, psychological pressure and blackmailing. Attribution of responsibility was equally dependent on personal judgements as well as culturally determined stereotypes. Conclusion: Sexual violence is not a new phenomenon in Georgia, but its consideration as a social problem is. The research demonstrated that understanding and judgment on sexual violence, sexual harassment and sexual coercion is nuanced issue and still needs clear categories of definitions.
Acute Kidney Injury associated with "Triple whammy" combination: a protocol for a systematic review.
Authors: Calvo Barbado Dulce Maria , Saiz Fernández Luis Carlos , Leache Alegría Leire , Celaya Lecea Maria Concepción , Gutiérrez-Valencia. Marta 
Published: May 2022

Background: “Triple whammy” (TW) refers to the simultaneous use of diuretics, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To date, the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) associated to this combination has not been deeply investigated. The objectives are to analyze the incidence of AKI associated to the exposure to “triple whammy” including all NSAIDs versus non-exposure to this combination. Secondarily, the risk of hospitalization, severe adverse events, requirement of renal replacement therapy and mortality will be assessed. Also, the incidence of AKI associated to the exposure to “triple whammy” versus non-exposure will be analyzed, including only metamizole as NSAID. Methods: A systematic literature search of intervention studies and analytical observational studies will be conducted in the Cochrane Library, Medline and EMBASE, among others. AKI 12 months after the last prescription of the triple combination will be the main outcome. Relative frequencies, risk of bias and certainty of evidence will be analyzed. Additionally, sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be performed. Results: Once this systematic review has been completed, the results are expected to provide an estimate of the risk associated with this triple combination and the renal variables, in addition to new guidance on the renal treatment of patients potentially receiving triple therapy. Conclusions: This is intended to be the first systematic review of observational studies to analyse TW combination and AKI's risk based on well-validated epidemiological databases exploring drug safety issues.
Crisis-management, Anti-stigma, and Mental Health Literacy Program for University Students (CAMPUS): A preliminary evaluation of suicide prevention
Authors: Takahashi Asumi , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Takayashiki Ayumi , Maeno Takami , Shiratori Yuki , Matsuzaki Asaki , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: May 2022

Background: University students have specific risk factors for suicide, necessitating targeted prevention programs. This preliminary study evaluated the efficacy of the Crisis-management, Anti-stigma, Mental health literacy Program for University Students (CAMPUS) for reduction of risk factors and promotion of preventative behaviors. Methods: A total of 136 medical students attended the CAMPUS as a required course at the national university in Japan. The CAMPUS consisted of a lecture and two group sessions covering mental health literacy, self-stigma, and gatekeeper efficacy (e.g., identifying and helping at-risk individuals). The students were asked to role-play based on a movie about gatekeepers and scripts about self-stigma and suicide-related issues. Participants completed questionnaires on suicidal thoughts, depression, help-seeking intentions, self-efficacy as gatekeepers, self-concealment, and self-acceptance. A total of 121 students completed the questionnaires pre- and post-program, and 107 students also responded six months later. Results: Students demonstrated significantly reduced overall suicide thoughts six months post-program compared to before the program. In addition, gatekeeper self-efficacy, help-seeking intentions for formal resources, and self-acceptance were improved in the students six month after the program. Conclusions: The CAMPUS suggested effective at reducing suicidal people and promoting preventative psychological tendencies among medial students. This study was a one-group pre post design study without control group. The CAMPUS program was delivered as a mandatory requirement to a group with relatively low suicide risk. Further studies are required to assess its suitability for the general university student population.
Modelling sociodemographic factors that affect malaria prevalence in Sussundenga, Mozambique: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Ferrao Joao , Earland Dominique , Novela Anisio , Mendes Roberto , Ballat Marcos , Tungadza Alberto , Searle Kelly 
Published: May 2022

Background: Malaria is still one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Mozambique with little progress in malaria control over the past 20 years. Sussundenga is one of most affected areas. Malaria transmission has a strong association with environmental and sociodemographic factors. The knowledge of sociodemographic factors that affects malaria, may be used to improve the strategic planning for its control. Currently such studies have not been performed in Sussundenga. Thus, the objective of this study is to model the relationship between malaria and sociodemographic factors in Sussundenga, Mozambique. Methods: Houses in the study area were digitalized and enumerated using Google Earth Pro version 7.3. In this study 100 houses were randomly selected to conduct a community survey of Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). During the survey, a questionnaire was conducted to assess the sociodemographic factors of the participants. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and backward stepwise logistic regression was performed establishing a relationship between positive cases and the factors. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 package. Results: The overall P. falciparum prevalence was 31.6%. Half of the malaria positive cases occurred in age group 5 to 14 years. Previous malaria treatment, population density and age group were significant predictors for the model. The model explained 13.5% of the variance in malaria positive cases and sensitivity of the final model was 73.3%. Conclusion: In this area the highest burden of P. falciparum infection was among those aged 5–14 years old. Malaria infection was related to sociodemographic factors. Targeting malaria control at community level can combat the disease more effectively than waiting for cases at health centers. These finding can be used to guide more effective interventions in this region.
The impact of surveillance and other factors on detection of emergent and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses
Authors: Auzenbergs Megan , Fountain Holly , Macklin Grace , Lyons Hil , O'Reilly Kathleen M 
Published: May 2022

Background: Circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks remain a threat to polio eradication. To reduce cases of polio from cVDPV of serotype 2, the serotype 2 component of the vaccine has been removed from the global vaccine supply, but outbreaks of cVDPV2 have continued. The objective of this work is to understand the factors associated with later detection in order to improve detection of these unwanted events. Methods: The number of nucleotide differences between each cVDPV outbreak and the oral polio vaccine (OPV) strain was used to approximate the time from emergence to detection. Only independent emergences were included in the analysis. Variables such as serotype, surveillance quality, and World Health Organization (WHO) region were tested in a negative binomial regression model to ascertain whether these variables were associated with higher nucleotide differences upon detection. Results: In total, 74 outbreaks were analysed from 24 countries between 2004-2019. For serotype 1 (n=10), the median time from seeding until outbreak detection was 284 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 284-2008) days, for serotype 2 (n=59), 276 (95% UI 172-765) days, and for serotype 3 (n=5), 472 (95% UI 392-603) days. Significant improvement in the time to detection was found with increasing surveillance of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and adequate stool collection. Conclusions: cVDPVs remain a risk; all WHO regions have reported at least one VDPV outbreak since the first outbreak in 2000 and outbreak response campaigns using monovalent OPV type 2 risk seeding future outbreaks. Maintaining surveillance for poliomyelitis after local elimination is essential to quickly respond to both emergence of VDPVs and potential importations as low-quality AFP surveillance causes outbreaks to continue undetected. Considerable variation in the time between emergence and detection of VDPVs were apparent, and other than surveillance quality and inclusion of environmental surveillance, the reasons for this remain unclear.
Team Diversity and Incentives
Authors: Imhof Lorens A. , Kräkel Matthias 
Published: May 2022

This paper analyzes how the degree of task-related team diversity influences the team outcome. The focus is on a novel benefit of team diversity that does not depend on complementary skills or mutual learning. We consider a multiagent setting where the employer makes use of career competition to motivate the team. Our analysis reveals incentive effects that do not exist in the well-studied case of teams of size 2. In teams with more than two members, diversity may have a positive effect on the efforts of some members although diversity leads to unbalanced career competition. As a consequence, expected profits are higher under a moderate degree of diversity compared with a situation with completely homogeneous agents. This result shows that the employer prefers a positive degree of diversity for pure incentive reasons. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grants EXC 2126/1–390838866 and EXC-2047/1–390685813].
Highly improved side mode suppression ratio and a low phase noise optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Wang Yalan , Lin Chengji , Li Xiang , Zhang Jin , Wang Anle , Zhang Depei , Du Shirui , Peng Xiaoniu 
Published: May 2022

By adopting self-injection locking (SIL) technology in an external injection locking (EIL) optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), a highly improved side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and low phase noise microwave signal generator is designed. The EIL ranging is closely related to the frequency spacing ranging of the free-running OEO, which is the reverse of the oscillation loop length, and limits the phase noise performance. Here SIL technology is introduced to significantly increase the Q-factor of the OEO without degrading the SMSR by setting the longer loop without oscillation. Both the simulation and experimental results are carried out to confirm the conclusion. Additionally, an SMSR up to 86 dB and phase noises as low as

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times, which benefits from the external injection technology compared with the free-running OEO. In addition, the SMSR and phase noise modification dependence on the fiber length, the RF source quality and external injection power, as well as the frequency tunability, are detailed and discussed to reveal the compatibility combination mechanism of the EIL and the SIL.
Passivation of black phosphorus nanoflakes embedded in a silica glass matrix affords ambient saturable absorption stability enhancement
Authors: Ma Xueting , Liu Jialiang , Zheng Chan , Huang Li , Li Wei , Cai Shuguang , Xiao Xueqing 
Published: May 2022

Black phosphorus (BP) is a graphene analogue with ultrafast broadband nonlinear optical properties that make it a promising nanomaterial for saturable absorption. However, BP nanoflakes chemically degrade in ambient conditions. We developed air- and photo-stable BP nanoflakes via incorporation in inorganic-organic hybrid matrices. This realized passivation and materialization through a sol-gel method that produced high-quality, transparent bulk materials. Saturable absorption parameters of the passivated BP were maintained after five months in ambient storage and after 8000 300 µJ nanosecond laser shots. The nonlinear absorption coefficient was still 62% after 12 months in open air, which was higher than that for non-passivated BP after three days. The stability was attributed to dense silica-gel glasses that enveloped the BP, essentially eliminating oxygen and water penetration. The simplicity of this approach may stimulate potential applications for environmentally sensitive high-performance solid-state devices.
Broadband tunable coding metasurfaces based on a metal patch and graphene for beam control at the terahertz frequencies
Authors: Ge Panpeng , Zhang Ying , Xiao Lihua , Xiao Binggang 
Published: May 2022

We present a broadband tunable coding metasurfaces structure using a cruciate metal patch and circular graphene on a multilayer substrate. By changing the Fermi level of the graphene, we can achieve obvious reflection phase variation to design multi-bit coding metasurfaces. In the research of 1-bit coding metasurfaces, we combine the advantages of graphene and copper to realize the real-time adjustment of the reflected waves in four broadband frequency bands. In this case, we can control the number of far-field reflected waves in the frequency range of 5.45–6.45 THz. Then, we create 2-bit and 3-bit coding modes on the basis of 1-bit coding metasurfaces to obtain a single beam of reflected waves. Finally, we use the convolution calculation to realize the real-time adjustment of the single beam reflection direction from 0° to 360° in the azimuthal plane. Research of the 2-bit and 3-bit coding modes also provides a way to control the number and direction of the reflected beam, specifically in the 1-bit coding mode. The present coding metasurfaces structure provides inspiration for the design of functional devices in future-oriented intelligent communication.
Intracoronary pharmacological therapy versus aspiration thrombectomy in STEMI (IPAT-STEMI): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Kaddoura Rasha , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham , Al-Badriyeh Daoud , Omar Amr , Al-Kindi Fahad , Arabi Abdul Rahman 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThrombus load in STEMI patients remains a challenge in practice. It aggravates coronary obstruction leading to impaired myocardial perfusion, worsened cardiac function, and adverse clinical outcomes. Various strategies have been advocated to reduce thrombus burden.ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intracoronary-administered thrombolytics or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) in comparison with aspiration thrombectomy (AT) as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsA comprehensive literature search for randomized trials that compared intracoronary-administered thrombolytics or GPI with AT in STEMI patients who underwent PCI, was conducted using various databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRALE). Primary outcome was procedural measures (e.g., TIMI flow grade 3, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) 3, Myocardial blush grade (MBG) 2/3, ST-segment resolution (STR)).ResultsTwelve randomized trials enrolled 1,466 patients: 696 were randomized to intracoronary-administered pharmacological interventions and 553 to AT. Patients randomized to PCI alone were excluded. Thrombolytics significantly improved TIMI flow grade 3 (odds ratio = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.85–7.45), complete STR (odds ratio = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.60–8.26), and TMPG 3 (odds ratio = 5.31, 95% CI: 2.48–11.36). Thrombolytics significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13–0.65) without increasing bleeding risk. Trial sequential analysis assessment confirmed the superiority of thrombolytics for the primary outcome. Intracoronary GPI, either alone or combined with AT, did not improve procedural or clinical outcomes.ConclusionsCompared with AT, intracoronary-administered thrombolytics significantly improved myocardial perfusion and MACE in STEMI patients.
Strategies for formula constant optimisation for intraocular lens power calculation
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: May 2022

Background
To investigate modern nonlinear iterative strategies for formula constant optimisation and show the application and results from a large dataset using a set of disclosed theoretical-optical lens power calculation concepts.

Methods
Nonlinear iterative optimisation algorithms were implemented for optimising the root mean squared (SoSPE), the mean absolute (SoAPE), the mean (MPE), the standard deviation (SDPE), the median (MEDPE), as well as the 90% confidence interval (CLPE) of the prediction error (PE), defined as the difference between postoperative achieved and formula predicted spherical equivalent power of refraction. Optimisation was performed using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (SoSPE and SoAPE) or the interior point method (MPE, SDPE, MEDPE, CLPE) for the SRKT, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Haigis, and Castrop formulae. The results were based on a dataset of measurements made on 888 eyes after implantation of an aspherical hydrophobic monofocal intraocular lens (Vivinex, Hoya).

Results
For all formulae and all optimisation metrics, the iterative algorithms showed a fast and stable convergence after a couple of iterations. The results prove that with optimisation for SoSPE, SoAPE, MPE, SDPE, MEDPE, and CLPE the root mean squared PE, mean absolute PE, mean PE, standard deviation of PE, median PE, and confidence interval of PE could be minimised in all situations. The results in terms of cumulative distribution function are quite coherent with optimisation for SoSPE, SoAPE, MPE and MEDPE, whereas with optimisation for SDPE and CLPE the standard deviation and confidence interval of the PE distribution could only be minimised at the cost of a systematic offset in mean and median PE.

Conclusion
Nonlinear iterative techniques are capable of minimising any statistical metrics (e.g. root mean squared or mean absolute error) of any target parameter (e.g. PE). These optimisation strategies are an important step towards optimising for the target parameters which are used for evaluating the performance of lens power calculation formulae.
Burnout among pharmacy professionals in Qatar: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Eltorki Yassin , Abdallah Oraib , Riaz Sadaf , Mahmoud Sara , Saad Mohamed , Ez-Eldeen Nosyba , Ashraf AbdulAhad , Al-Hamoud Eman , Al-Khuzaei Noriya , Ghuloum Suhaila 
Published: May 2022

Background
Pharmacists’ roles and responsibilities have expanded in the modern pharmacy profession, and the expectations from pharmacists have increased. This has been associated with new psychological challenges and emotional stress that can induce burnout.

Objective
To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and factors associated with burnout among pharmacy professionals in the healthcare system in Qatar.

Methods
This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 pharmacy professionals within Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) in Qatar. Convenience sampling was followed. The survey utilized the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Toolkit™ for Medical Personnel and a modified version of the Astudillo and Mendinueta questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 16 for Windows and SAS Studio 3.8 (Enterprise Edition). P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
One hundred ninety-four pharmacy professionals (23%) responded to the survey. The prevalence of burnout was 19.7% [95% Confidence interval (CI); 13.8% - 26.8%] among 142 respondents who completed MBI questionnaire and 17.3% [95% CI; 11.7%-24.2%] among 139 respondents who completed Astudillo Mendinueta questionnaire. The most commonly reported factors that may lead to burnout were: tension and lack of organization in teamwork (59.6%), lack of recognition of or indifference to effort from patients, superiors, and colleagues (58.2%), and demanding and challenging patients and family members (56.7%). Multiple regression analysis showed that overtime working hours per month is independently associated with a higher risk of burnout [odds ratio (OR), 1.57; 95% CI, 1.15–2.14 for each 10-hours increase in monthly overtime, P = 0.005], while non-Arab ethnicity is associated with lower risk of burnout [OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.1–0.75; P = 0.012].

Conclusions
There is a relatively low prevalence of burnout syndrome among health-system pharmacy professionals in Qatar. Overtime working hours and Arab ethnicity are independently associated with burnout.