bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytocompounds from Withania somnifera against breast cancer: An in-silico study
Authors: Kanagaraj Jyothi , Ramesh Ghurupreya  , Derina J. Pearlin  , K. Ponmozhi  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Withania somnifera, called as Indian Ginseng is a very important plant in traditional medicinal practices. The plant possesses a wide range of activity and has been used to treat multiple diseases. Ginseng possesses anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, antiarthritic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-stress, immunostimulatory and anti-cancer therapeutic activities. Cancer is a health burden prevalent worldwide and, breast cancer is the top major cause of death among women and people in the low and middle-income countries are affected in higher number because they have low treatment access. This is an in-silico study and focused on studying the interaction between five phytocompounds namely, anaferine, isopelletierin, sitoindoside IX, somniferine, withanone present in W.somnifera and the 3 proteins involved in breast cancer pathway viz., C-Raf, AKt 2 and GSK 3? through molecular docking.
Methodology: We retrieved the above three proteins from PDB, retrieved five ligands from PubChem, and docking was done. Docking of the phytocompounds against the target proteins were carried out using Auto dock vina.
Results: From the docking results, we found that the phytocompounds; sitoindoside IX, somniferine, withanone from Withania somnifera are effective in inhibiting the proteins causing breast cancer whereas anaferine and isopelletierin are less effective in inhibiting the breast cancer.
Conclusion: This study concludes that the phytocompounds sitoindoside IX, somniferine, withanone from W. somnifera have the potential ability to treat breast cancer. These findings will aid in the development of natural based therapy against breast cancer.
Serum betatrophin levels and fatty acid profile in gestational diabetes mellitus: Correlation with insulin resistance
Authors: Shyamaraja T. Udupa  , Shivashankara A. Ramachandrayya  , Suchetha Kumari N.  , Shilpa S. Shetty  , D' Cunha Prema 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) involves insulin resistance, altered levels of adipocytokines and inflammation. Interaction of various molecules in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance plays a major role in GDM. Angiopoietin-like protein 8, also named betatrophin is a hormone which is synthesized from liver and adipocytes. This molecule has beta cell-regenerating effect and is proposed to have therapeutic potential in obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of betatrophin and free fatty acids (FFA) as markers of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Medical College Hospital on pregnant women with the normal body mass index. The study subjects were divided into 2 groups -one with healthy pregnant women and the other GDM and recruited for the study at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. The levels of betatrophin, insulin and FFA were estimated in the serum and HOMA-IR was calculated.
Results: Insulin resistance (IR), serum betatrophin level and plasma omega-6 fatty acid levels were higher, and plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels were lower among GDM subjects in comparison to healthy pregnant women. Fasting plasma glucose, serum betatrophin level and dihomo gamma linolenic acid level showed significant positive correlation with IR while omega 3 fatty acid %, levels of alpha linolenic acid, gamma linolenic acid and lauric acid showed negative correlation with IR in GDM women.
Conclusion: Altered fatty acid profile in gestational diabetes mellitus indicated potential application of fatty acids as biomarkers of metabolic derangements which arise due to insulin resistance. The findings have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
Bactericidal, protozoacidal, and algicidal efficacy of Sanodrink: a complete water sanitizer in poultry farm
Authors: Kole Labanyamoy , Maity Sujan , Murmu Nensina , Dey Sananda , Dutta Rimee , Giri Biplab 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: The growth in poultry industries due to increasing demand for meat and egg production has set off the establishment of various poultry farms on a commercial basis. But with an increase in demand for production from poultry farms, the need for maintenance of a healthy and clean environment has also become a necessity for disease free and quality production. As these pose a greater challenge in the production management, the development of a versatile compound that could be beneficial in overcoming all the microbial challenges faced in a poultry farm is also necessary.
Materials and Methods: Sanodrink is a complete water sanitizer that is a highly effective bactericidal, protozoacidal and algicidal agent which could be used for the drinking water storage tanks of poultry farm. It is effective in killing all the commonly encountered microbes like E. coli, Giardia spp. etc., and algae that are commonly found in the poultry farm water tank.
Results: It contains quaternary ammonium compounds which are microbicidal and potent inhibitors of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial, algal, and protozoal growth and survival. Quaternary ammoniums are also good surfactants as they lower the superficial tension of water. Furthermore, Sanodrink maintains its action in hard water also and in the presence of organic matter.
Conclusion: Our present study aims at evaluating the microbicidal efficacy of Sanodrink as a water sanitizer that can be used at poultry farms.
Oroxylum indicum stem bark extract exerts antitumor potential against Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Sharmila K.P.  , Shilpa S. Shetty  , Kumari Suchetha , Madhyastha Harishkumar  , Ashwini Prabhu  , Satheesh Kumar Bhandary  B.  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Constant efforts are exerted to explore unique bioactive principles from natural sources that possess more effective and specific antineoplastic activities. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of stem bark extract of Oroxylum indicum in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC).
Materials and Methods: Ninety female Swiss albino mice were categorized into fifteen groups (n=6). The animals were inoculated with 1x106 EAC cells. Tumor control animals received sterile water once daily for 10 consecutive days. Positive control group was injected with Cisplatin (CP) (one dose – 3.5 mg/kg body weight). The treatment groups were administered with O. indicum (OI) stem bark ethanol extract once daily with 50mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight for eleven consecutive days. The blood parameters and serum hepatic enzymes activity was determined. The percentage increase in weight, the median survival time, the increase in median life span was calculated. The cytotoxic effect of CP and OI extract was determined.
Results: There was significant reduction in the white blood cells count in OI and CP treatment group compared to increased level in EAC control group. The RBC count and Hemoglobin level which was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the tumour mice, was enhanced in the drug treatment groups. The EAC control group showed significant increase in tumour cell count (p<0.05) whereas, treatment of EAC tumor bearing mice with OI and CP significantly increased the non-viable tumor cell count (p<0.05).
Conclusion: OI stem bark ethanol extract reduced the toxic implications of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, reverted the haematological and biochemical changes induced by tumour. These results call for additional research on isolating and identifying the responsible bioactive elements in order to clarify the underlying processes of the anticancer impact.
Significance of Bcl-2 expression in breast cancer
Authors: Nitika Kumari  , Natarajan Suresh  , Josephine A.  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: The most prevalent and lethal form of cancer in women, breast carcinoma is thought to account for 2,088, 849 (11.6%) of all new cases each year. Protooncogene Bcl-2 is primarily present in the perinuclear membrane. Examining the significance of Bcl-2 expression as a predictive factor in breast cancer is the goal of the current investigation.
Materials and Methods: From December 2019 to January 2021, a tertiary care hospital in Chennai conducted this investigation on 42 cases of mastectomy specimens. Using tools from Path Insitu, Bcl-2 marker immunohistochemistry was carried out. Scores were taken after observing Bcl-2 expression in the cytoplasm of tumor cells.
Results: Total 42 cases were studied, and the age of patient ranged from 33-80 years. Out of 42 cases of IDC-NST (Invasive ductal carcinoma- No special type) 19 cases (45%) showed positive expression and 23 cases (54%) showed lack of staining for Bcl-2. Tumor size and grade of IDC-NST has significant relationship with Bcl-2 expression with p value of 0.05. No correlation has been found between lymph nodes harboring malignant cells and Bcl2 expression with p value >0.05.
Conclusion: The staging and prognosis of breast cancer depend heavily on the size, grading based on histopathology, and lymph node harboring tumor cells. Hormonal receptor tests are frequently used in the process of treating breast cancer. The goal of the current investigation was to assess Bcl2's value as an additional marker for prognosis. Significant Bcl-2 expression was seen in tumors of modest histologic grade and size.
Region-specific changes in expression and activity of calpains in the CNS of native rats.
Authors: Nina S. Pestereva  , Irina S. Ivleva  , Irina M. Kotova  , Dmitriy S. Traktirov  , Marina N. Karpenko  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: It has been proposed that µ-calpain is responsible for neuronal survival, while m-calpain – for the degeneration. It can be assumed that the "susceptibility" to the damage factor for neurons in different CNS regions depends on the content/activity of calpain isoforms. We analyzed the mRNA levels and the activity of µ-and m-calpain in the different CNS structures of rats.

Materials and Methods: After decapitation intact male Wistar rats the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord were removed. Each structure was divided into two parts: casein zymography was performed to determine the activity and real-time RT–PCR - to determine the level of expression mRNA of µ-and m-calpains.

Results: We have shown that m-calpain mRNA predominates in the striatum, midbrain and brainstem, while µ-calpain mRNA enrichment was noticed for the hippocampus and cerebellum. The highest µ-calpain activity was in the cervical spinal cord, the lowest - in the striatum. The m-calpain activity was relatively high in the midbrain, striatum, hippocampus and brainstem, while in the cervical spinal cord and cerebellum it was moderate.

Conclusion: The selective neuronal death observed during neurodegeneration can be partially determined by the initial level of calpains expression and/or activity.
Exercise habits and cortisol level among women at a local Zumba club
Authors: Kareri Dyah , Tallo Manafe Derri , Sasputra I. Nyoman 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Cortisol has a vital role in helping the body deal with stress. It is known as the primary stress hormone. Cortisol modulates many changes in the body in response to stress, including blood glucose metabolism, fat, protein, carbohydrate metabolism into energy (gluconeogenesis), immune and anti-inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of Zumba exercise on cortisol levels in Zumba club participants in Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: The design of the research is observational using a cross-sectional analytic study method. The samples in this study were 25 women of productive age in the I'M Z crew Zumba club in Indonesia with a purposive amplification technique.
Results: The results showed that the subjects who routinely did Zumba exercise (? 3x a week) or who did not excercie routinely (1-2x a week) to have cortisol levels within normal limits (3.09-16.66 ug/dL). The results of this study also showed that subjects who routinely did Zumba exercise (? 3x a week) have higher cortisol mean (7.82 ± 3.50) than subjects who did not regularly exercise (1-2x a week; 6.47 ± 3.46).
Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between exercise habits and cortisol levels in the research subjects.
Tamarindus indica seed induced tannase production from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Priya Shwetha D'Souza  , T. K. Mansy , Preethi T.C.  , B. S. Gunashree 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: Tannase an inducible extracellular microbial enzyme is extensively produced by different fermentation techniques and finds wide applications in food, pharmaceutical and textile industries. The present investigation focused on tannase production from Aspergillus niger through submerged (SmF) and solid-substrate fermentation (SSF) using different media. The enzyme was also induced using tamarind seeds.
Methods and Materials: Aspergillus niger was grown in various submerged media such as Tannase screening broth (TSB), Czapek Dox broth (CDB), Sabouraud’s Dextrose broth (SDB) and Potato Dextrose broth (PDB). Among solid substrates wheat bran, ground nut cake, coconut cake and tamarind seed powder used individually and in mixed form.
Results: In SmF, the highest tannase activity of 713.6 U/ml was found in TSB, followed by CDB (590.6 U/ml), SDB (465.6 U/ml) and PDB (424.8 U/ml). In all media highest activity was on 4th day while in SDB on 6th day of incubation. Tannase production was also carried out in CDB supplemented with 2% processed tamarind seeds to test for its induction, where the highest (936 U/ml) activity was in raw seeds than in processed seeds. SSF in mixed substrates showed highest activity of 1708.6 U/gds followed by 1278.0, 986.5, 826.3 and 723.6 U/gds in tamarind seeds, wheat bran, ground nut cake and coconut cake, respectively.
Conclusion: Tannase enzyme is found to be induced by raw tamarind seed supplemented submerged medium than with processed seeds. In SSF with tamarind seed showed the highest tannase activity indicating that the tannic acid present in raw seeds serve to induce Aspergillus niger for increased production of tannase enzyme.
An assessment of serum interleukin - 39 in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Iraq
Authors: Wafaa Tialp Mohammed  , Mohammed Hadi Munshed Alosami  , Alia Essam Mahmood Alubadi  
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Aim: The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-39, a member of the IL-12 family plays a key role in the inflammatory response by modulating immune cell activity and inflammation. A literature search shows no study undertaken for the effect of IL-39's on arthritis so far. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of IL-39 in rheumatoid arthritis.
Materials and Methods: This study involved 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis registered at the Rheumatology Clinic at Baghdad teaching hospital. The patients were divided into three groups based on treatments received. Group 1 included patients who were not on any treatment for arthritis, Group 2 with patients on hydroxychloroquine and or prednisone treatment, and Group 3 that received Enbrel® (etanercept) and HUMIRA® (adalimumab) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. A control group was included in the study. Patients in all groups were assessed for their serum IL-39 concentration, C - reactive protein, Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACCP) and ESR.
Results: The patient age and BMI were not significantly different between the groups receiving treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis. A significant increase in the interleukin 39 concentration was observed in treatment groups (G1, G2, G3) as compared to normal healthy controls regardless of whether they were positive or negative for the anti-CCP test.
Conclusion: This study showed that the serum interleukin IL-39 levels significantly increased in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis thus suggesting that IL-39 could be considered as a potential inflammatory biomarker of RA.
Dissolved organic matter concentration and composition discontinuity at the peat–pool interface in a boreal peatland
Authors: Prijac Antonin , Gandois Laure , Jeanneau Laurent , Taillardat Pierre , Garneau Michelle 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Pools are common features of peatlands and can represent from 5 % to 50 % of
the peatland ecosystem's surface area. Pools play an important role in the
peatland carbon cycle by releasing carbon dioxide and methane to the
atmosphere. However, the origin of this carbon is not well constrained. A
hypothesis is that the majority of the carbon emitted from pools
predominantly originates from mineralized allochthonous (i.e.,
plant-derived) dissolved organic matter (DOM) from peat rather than in situ
primary production. To test this hypothesis, this study examined the origin,
composition, and degradability of DOM in peat porewater and pools of an
ombrotrophic boreal peatland in northeastern Quebec (Canada) for 2 years
over the growing season. The temporal evolution of dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) concentration, the optical properties, molecular composition
(THM-GC-MS), stable isotopic signature (δ13C-DOC), and
degradability of DOM were determined. This study demonstrates that DOM, in
both peat porewater and pools, presents a diverse composition and
constitutes highly dynamic components of peatland ecosystems. The molecular
and isotopic analyses showed that DOM in pools was derived from plants.
However, DOM compositions in the two environments were markedly different.
Peat porewater DOM was more aromatic, with a higher molecular weight and
DOC : DON (dissolved organic nitrogen) ratio compared to pools. The temporal dynamics of DOC concentration
and DOM composition also differed. In peat porewater, the DOC concentration
followed a strong seasonal increase, starting from 9 mg L−1 and reaching a plateau above 20 mg L−1 in summer and autumn. This was
explained by seasonal peatland vegetation productivity, which is greater
than microbial DOM degradation. In pools, DOC concentration also increased
but remained 2 times lower than in the peat porewaters at the end of the
growing season (∼ 10 mg L−1). Those differences might be
explained by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors.
The limited hydraulic conductivity in deeper peat horizons and associated
DOM residence time might have favored both DOM microbial transformation
within the peat and the interaction of DOM aromatic compounds with the peat
matrix, explaining part of the shift of DOM compositions between peat
porewater and pools. This study did not report any photolability of DOM and
only limited microbial degradability. Thus, it is likely that the DOM might
have been microbially transformed at the interface between peat and pools.
The combination of DOM quantitative and qualitative analyses presented in
this study demonstrates that most of the carbon present within and released
from the pools originates from peat vegetation. These results demonstrate
that pools represent a key component of the peatland ecosystem ecological
and biogeochemical functioning.
Spatiotemporal responses of the crop water footprint and its associated benchmarks under different irrigation regimes to climate change scenarios in China
Authors: Yue Zhiwei , Ji Xiangxiang , Zhuo La , Wang Wei , Li Zhibin , Wu Pute 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Adaptation to future climate change with limited water
resources is a major global challenge to sustainable and sufficient crop
production. However, the large-scale responses of the crop water footprint and
its associated benchmarks under various irrigation regimes to future
climate change scenarios remain unclear. The present study quantified the
responses of the maize and wheat water footprint (WF) per unit yield (m3 t−1) as well as the corresponding WF benchmarks under two Representative
Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s at a
5 arcmin grid level in China. The AquaCrop model with the outputs of six
global climate models from Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
(CMIP5) as its input data was used to simulate the WFs of maize and wheat.
The differences among rain-fed wheat and maize and furrow-, micro-, and sprinkler-irrigated
wheat and maize were identified. Compared with the baseline year (2013),
the maize WF will increase under both RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 (by 17 % and 13 %, respectively) until the 2080s. The wheat WF will increase under RCP2.6 (by 12 % until the 2080s) and decrease (by 12 %) under RCP8.5 until the 2080s, with a higher increase in the wheat yield and a decrease in the wheat WF due to the higher CO2 concentration in 2080s under RCP8.5. The WF will increase the most for rain-fed crops. Relative to rain-fed crops, micro-irrigation and sprinkler irrigation result in the smallest increases in the WF for maize and wheat, respectively. These water-saving management techniques will mitigate the
negative impact of climate change more effectively. The WF benchmarks for
maize and wheat in the humid zone (an approximate overall average of
680 m3 t−1 for maize and 873 m3 t−1 for wheat at
the 20th percentile) are 13 %–32 % higher than those in the arid zone
(which experiences an overall average of 601 m3 t−1 for maize and 753 m3 t−1 for wheat). The differences in the WF benchmarks among
various irrigation regimes are more significant in the arid zone, where they can be as high as 57 % for the 20th percentile: WF benchmarks of 1020 m3 t−1 for sprinkler-irrigated wheat and 648 m3 t−1 for micro-irrigated wheat. Nevertheless, the WF benchmarks will not respond to climate changes as dramatically as the WF in the same area, especially in areas with limited agricultural development. The present study demonstrated that the observed different responses to climate change in
terms of crop water consumption, water use efficiency, and WF benchmarks
under different irrigation regimes cannot be ignored. It also lays the
foundation for future investigations into the influences of irrigation
methods, RCPs, and crop types on the WF and its benchmarks in response to
climate change in all agricultural regions worldwide.
The Role of high-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Different Stages of Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture in the Knee
Authors: Ivankov A. P. , Seliverstov P. V. 
Published: September 2022

The history of subchondral insufficiency fracture of knee is closely related to a pre-existing diagnosis of spontaneous osteonecrosis (SONK). Previously, it was believed that subchondral linear or lunate pathological changes on magnetic resonance imaging in elderly patients with osteoporosis are the result of spontaneous osteonecrosis that has occurred, but it was later found that a small proportion of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head initially have a failure fracture, then complicated by secondary osteonecrosis. The main methods for diagnosing subchondral insufficiency fracture are radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated high information content in subchondral insufficiency fracture of knee.