bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Acting Treatments for Hepatitis B
Authors: Thomas David L , Kiser Jennifer J , Baum Marc M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There are an estimated 257 million persons living with chronic hepatitis B for whom there are multiple potential applications of long-acting antiviral compounds. Current efforts include both injection and implant approaches to formulating derivates of existing anti-HBV compounds such as tenofovir or entecavir. Substantial progress has already occurred especially as aligned with the development of long-acting tenofovir-based medications with dual activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Nonetheless, substantial challenges will need to be overcome before these agents are available.
Potential of Long-Acting Products to Transform the Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Authors: Abrams Elaine J , Capparelli Edmund , Ruel Theodore , Mirochnick Mark 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Long-acting antiretroviral products have the potential to transform human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment approaches in pediatric populations. Broadly neutralizing antibodies and/or long-acting antiretroviral formulations by injection could dramatically improve provision of HIV prophylaxis and/or early treatment to newborns and infants at risk of HIV infection. Challenges in daily oral antiretroviral administration to toddlers and school age children living with HIV may be relieved by use of long-acting formulations, but the pharmacokinetics and safety of these products in children must be studied before they can enter routine clinical use. Although some initial studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies and injectable long-acting agents in infants and young children are underway, more studies of these and other long-acting products are needed. For many adolescents, compliance with daily medication administration is especially challenging. Long-acting products hold particular promise for adolescents living with HIV as well as those at high risk of HIV acquisition, and adolescents can usually be included in the drug development pipeline simultaneously with adults. Long-acting products have the potential to provide alternatives to lifelong daily oral drug administration across the pediatric age spectrum, leading to more effective prevention and treatment of HIV infection in infants, children, and adolescents.
The Experience of Black Women in IT
Authors: Runciman Brian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The number of black women in the IT workforce is around two and a half times lower than in the workforce as a whole. At a time when the concerns over data bias and the value of creating widely usable products through diverse teams are well–known, this is a situation that requires attention. Brian Runciman MBCS introduces the Coding Black Females takeover of the BCS Diversity report 2022
The Merit Primacy Effect
Authors: Cappelen Alexander W , Moene Karl Ove , Skjelbred Siv-Elisabeth , Tungodden Bertil 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA long history in economics going back to Adam Smith has argued that people give primacy to merit—rather than luck—in distributive choices. We provide a theoretical framework formalising the merit primacy effect, and study it in a novel experiment where third-party spectators redistribute from high earners to low earners in situations where both merit and luck determine earnings. We identify a strong and consistent merit primacy effect in the spectator behaviour. The results shed new light on inequality acceptance in society, by showing how just a little bit of merit can make people significantly more inequality accepting.
How not to mediate conflict
Authors: Rosoux Valérie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article questions the appropriateness of third parties' interventions seeking to foster political reconciliation. The analysis is divided into three parts. The first stresses a widely accepted premise in the field of conflict resolution, namely that mediation oriented towards reconciliation is inherently positive. The second part questions this moralistic perspective. It emphasizes the limits of specific mediation processes designed to transform the relationships between former enemies. The third part concentrates on the ‘pragmatics’ of mediation. It highlights the tensions, contradictions, and dilemmas faced by third parties eager to favour a rapprochement between parties. The intention of the article is to be neither cynical nor euphoric about calls for reconciliation coming from third parties. It explores the notion of failure, considering three main variables: the actors' intentions, timing, and the effects on the most affected populations (survivors and families of victims). From a practical perspective, a better understanding of the issue is a sine qua non condition for more efficient interventions. From an ethical perspective, it is crucial to consider whether calls for reconciliation coming from outside might paradoxically contribute to new patterns of exclusion.
How not to bridge the gap in international relations
Authors: Barma Naazneen H. , Goldgeier James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade or more, an increasing number of US initiatives and institutions has taken on the challenge of promoting policy-relevant research and bridging the academia–policy divide. Much of the emphasis of such programmes has been on how scholars can better engage the policy community and the broader public. Less attention has been paid to the pitfalls to avoid when seeking to bridge the gap. In this article, we argue that the more that scholars are engaged in producing and disseminating policy-relevant research, the more essential it is to consider how they can build a set of bridging standards to accompany their ideas. We identify four key dimensions of how scholars engage in policy and public debates and discuss how paying careful attention to these four ‘I's—Influence, Interlocutors, Integrity and Inclusion—can mitigate the most egregious instances of falling prey to a cult of relevance in bridging the gap. We then explore these factors in a discussion of two case-studies that highlight challenges that arise for those scholars who seek to contribute to policy and public debates: the applications of theories to US foreign policy surrounding the so-called democratic peace; and the efforts of international relations scholars to contribute to peace-building in post-conflict states.
How not to deal with a rising China: a perspective from south Asia
Authors: Mattoo Amitabh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Debates on China's rise often limit the focus on the continuity and sustenance of the United States' hegemony and the liberal global order. This debate often ignores the primacy of the regional actors, who are generally reduced to ‘pawns’ in great power politics, acting without agency, interests, or values of their own. Instead, this article suggests that as China rises—like any other great power of the past—it will first aim to secure regional primacy through an array of policy instruments. To test this it examines three case-studies: 1) China–Pakistan relations in nuclear proliferation; 2) China–India relations with respect to border conflict; and 3) Sri Lanka–China relations for development infrastructure. It finds that China's rise has not been benign and instead Beijing has adopted aggressive policies in its neighbourhood. This article finds that the strategic binary of balancing (interest-based containment) and engagement (constructive cooperation) does not reflect immediate realities and long-term sustainability for regional actors. Instead, it suggests the latter would be better advised looking for closer cooperation with like-minded allies in the region (and beyond) as a way forward.
Isochron foliations and global bifurcations: a case study
Authors: Hannam James , Krauskopf Bernd , Osinga Hinke M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The basins of attraction of periodic orbits or focus equilibria of a given vector field are foliated by forward-time isochrons, defined as all initial conditions that synchronize under the flow with a given phase. Similarly, backward-time isochrons of repelling periodic orbits or focus equilibria foliate their respective basins of repulsion. We present a case study of a planar system that features a sequence of bifurcations, including a saddle-node bifurcation of periodic orbits, a homoclinic bifurcation and Hopf bifurcations, that change the nature and existence of periodic orbits. We explain how the basins and isochron foliations change throughout the sequence of bifurcations. In particular, we identify structurally stable tangencies between the foliations by forward-time and backward-time isochrons, which are curves in the plane, in regions of phase space where they exist simultaneously. Such tangencies are generically quadratic and associated with sharp turns of isochrons and phase sensitivity of the system. In contrast to the earlier reported cubic isochron foliation tangency (CIFT) mechanism, which generates a pair of tangency orbits, we find isochron foliation tangencies that occur along single specific orbits in the respective basin of attraction or repulsion. Moreover, the foliation tangencies we report arise from actual bifurcations of the system, while a CIFT is not associated with a topological change of the underlying phase portrait. The properties and interactions of isochron foliations are determined and illustrated by computing a representative number of forward-time and backward-time isochrons as arclength-parametrized curves with a boundary value problem set-up. Our algorithm for computing isochrons has been further refined and implemented in the Matlab package CoCo; it is made available as Matlab code in the supplementary material of this paper, together with a guide that walks the user through the computation of two specific isochron foliations.
Filtered Frobenius Algebras in Monoidal Categories
Authors: Walton Chelsea , Yadav Harshit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We develop filtered-graded techniques for algebras in monoidal categories with the main goal of establishing a categorical version of Bongale’s 1967 result: a filtered deformation of a Frobenius algebra over a field is Frobenius as well. Toward the goal, we first construct a monoidal associated graded functor, building on prior works of Ardizzoni and Menini, Galatius et al., and Gwillian and Pavlov. Next, we produce equivalent conditions for an algebra in a rigid monoidal category to be Frobenius in terms of the existence of categorical Frobenius form; this builds on work of Fuchs and Stigner. These two results of independent interest are then used to achieve our goal. As an application of our main result, we show that any exact module category over a symmetric finite tensor category $\mathcal {C}$ is represented by a Frobenius algebra in $\mathcal {C}$. Several directions for further investigation are also proposed.
The bZIP transcription factor BATF3/ZIP-10 suppresses innate immunity by attenuating PMK-1/p38 signaling
Authors: Irfan Afridi Muhammad , Zheng Zhongfan , Liu Junqiang , Liu Lijuan , Zhang Shan , Zhu Zhaozhong , Peng Yousong , Zhou Desheng , Tu Haijun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInnate immunity is the first line of host defense against pathogenic invasion in metazoans. The transcription factor basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 3 (BATF3) plays a crucial role in the development of conventional dendritic cells and the program of CD8 + T cell survival and memory, but the role of BATF3 in innate immune responses remains unclear. Here, we show an evolutionarily conserved basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BATF3/ZIP-10 suppresses innate immune response through repressing the p38/PMK-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in vitro and in vivo. The worm mutant lacking the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog BATF3, ZIP-10, exhibited enhanced resistance to PA14 infection, which was completely rescued by transgenic expression of either endogenous zip-10 or mouse or human Batf3 cDNA driven by the worm zip-10 promoter. ZIP-10 expression was inhibited by a microRNA miR-60 that was downregulated upon PA14 infection. Moreover, the level of phosphorylated but not total PMK-1/p38 was attenuated by ZIP-10 and stimulated by miR-60. The human HEK293 cells with Batf3 overexpression or RNA-interference knockdown exhibited a reduction or increase of the cell viability upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection, respectively. The overexpression of either worm ZIP-10 or human BATF3 abolished the activation of p38 and inhibited the expression of antimicrobial peptides and cytokine genes in HEK293 cells. Our findings indicate that the genetic transcriptional program of the evolutionally conserved bZIP transcription factor BATF3/ZIP-10 suppresses innate immunity by attenuating the p38 MAPK signaling activity, which expands our understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying relevant infectious diseases.
Proofreading of protein localization mediated by a mitochondrial AAA-ATPase Msp1
Authors: Matsumoto Shunsuke , Endo Toshiya 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Normal cellular functions rely on correct protein localization within cells. Protein targeting had been thought to be a precise process, and even if it fails, the mistargeted proteins were supposed to be quickly degraded. However, this view is rapidly changing. Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a class of membrane proteins that possess a single transmembrane domain (TMD) near the C-terminus and are posttranslationally targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane (OM), and peroxisomal membrane, yet they can be mistargeted to the mitochondrial OM. The mistargeted TA proteins can be extracted from the OM by a mitochondrial AAA-ATPase Msp1/ATAD1 and transferred to the ER. If they are regarded as aberrant by the ER protein quality control system, they are extracted from the ER membrane for proteasomal degradation in the cytosol. If they are not regarded as aberrant, they are further transported to downstream organelles or original destinations along the secretory pathway. Thus, Msp1 contributes to not only degradation but also “proofreading” of the targeting of mislocalized TA proteins.
Take Pity: What Disability Rights Can Learn from Religious Charity
Authors: Braswell Harold 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisability rights advocates have traditionally denigrated charity as politically counterproductive and inherently demeaning. This article argues that this perspective mischaracterizes charity of a religious kind. Religious charity, I argue, must be understood immanently, through an exploration of the virtues cultivated in particular religious organizations. I consider two Catholic charities: L’Arche, a community for intellectually disabled people, and the end-of-life care facility Our Lady of Perpetual Help Home. At each organization, individual acts of charity are emblematic of an underlying virtue that I call caritas or charity-love. This transforms them into gestures that advance goals that are consonant with those of the disability rights movement. In the case of Our Lady, this is even true of pity, perhaps the most despised emotion of the disability rights tradition. But while disability rights advocates have characterized pity as essentially devaluing disabled people, at Our Lady, it is an emotion that freely circulates, undoing hierarchical distinctions between ability and disability, and even human and divine. This redefined notion of pity—which I term misericordia—can, I conclude provide a new foundation for disability politics, one that radicalizes the goals of the disability rights movement, while also positing objectives that go beyond legal compliance.
“Marked” Bodies, Medical Intervention, and Courageous Humility: Spiritual Identity Formation in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Birthmark
Authors: Dow Keith 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Birthmark offers a sharp lens through which to examine power, purity, and personal identity. Scientist and spiritual idealist, Aylmer, is obsessed with “correcting” the only flaw he perceives in his wife Georgina, the imprint of a small red hand on her pale cheek. For Alymer, this one “imperfection” reaches deep into Georgina’s heart, a sign of sin, decay, and mortality. It is the natural that must be overcome with science. Drawing on Hawthorne’s tragic fiction, this paper questions the influence of stigma, power dynamics, and mind-body dualism in constructing disability identity within the framework of medical and spiritual practices of care. Whether in the role of a spiritual leader, chaplain, or medical professional, people providing care must first address ableism and perceptions of normalcy in relation to their own identity and calling before offering professional advice to disabled people seeking guidance or support. It is only as professional fields adopt a posture marked by courageous humility that healing practices will promote the flourishing of all people, including those with disabilities.
Optical and X-ray studies of Be/X-ray binary 1A 0535+262 during its 2020 giant outburst
Authors: Chhotaray Birendra , Jaisawal Gaurava K , Kumari Neeraj , Naik Sachindra , Kumar Vipin , Jana Arghajit 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We report results obtained from the optical and X-ray studies of the Be/X-ray binary 1A 0535+262/HD 245770 during the 2020 October giant X-ray outburst, using the 1.2-m telescope at Mount Abu Infrared observatory and AstroSat, respectively. The peak flux of the outburst was recorded to be ∼11 Crab in the 15–50 keV range, the highest ever observed from the pulsar. We performed optical observations in the 6000–7200 Å band before, during, and after the outburst to investigate the evolution of the circumstellar disc of the Be star between 2020 February and 2022 February. Our optical spectra exhibit prominent emission lines at 6563 Å (H i), 6678 Å (He i), and 7065 Å (He i). We found a significantly variable H α line in the spectra. The single-peaked line profile appeared asymmetric with broad red- and blue-wings in the data before and during the outburst. The post-outburst observations, however, resulted in a double-peaked profile with asymmetry in the blue-wing. Our observations before the outburst confirmed a larger Be disc that decreased in size as the outburst progressed. Furthermore, the observed variabilities in the H α line profile and parameters suggest the presence of a highly misaligned, precessing, and warped Be disc. AstroSat observation of the pulsar detected pulsations at ∼103.55 s in the light curve up to 110 keV. We found strongly energy-dependent pulse profiles with increasing contribution of the pulsing component in hard X-rays. The broad-band spectral fitting in the 0.7–90.0 keV range confirmed the presence of the known cyclotron resonance scattering feature at ∼46.3 keV.
The half-mass radius of MaNGA galaxies: effect of IMF gradients
Authors: Bernardi M , Sheth R K , Domínguez Sánchez H , Margalef-Bentabol B , Bizyaev D , Lane R R 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Gradients in the stellar populations (SP) of galaxies – e.g. in age, metallicity, stellar initial mass function (IMF) – can result in gradients in the stellar-mass-to-light ratio, M*/L. Such gradients imply that the distribution of the stellar mass and light is different. For old SPs, e.g. in early-type galaxies at z ∼ 0, the M*/L gradients are weak if driven by variations in age and metallicity, but significantly larger if driven by the IMF. A gradient which has larger M*/L in the centre increases the estimated total stellar mass (M*) and reduces the scale which contains half this mass (Re,*), compared to when the gradient is ignored. For the IMF gradients inferred from fitting MILES simple SP models to the H β, 〈Fe〉, [MgFe], and TiO2SDSS absorption lines measured in spatially resolved spectra of early-type galaxies in the MaNGA survey, the fractional change in Re,* can be significantly larger than that in M*, especially when the light is more centrally concentrated. The Re,*–M* correlation which results from accounting for IMF gradients is offset to smaller sizes by 0.3 dex compared to when these gradients are ignored. Comparisons with ‘quiescent’ galaxies at higher z must account for evolution in SP gradients (especially age and IMF) and in the light profile before drawing conclusions about how Re,* and M* evolve. The implied merging between higher z and the present is less contrived if Re,*/Re at z ∼ 0 is closer to our IMF-driven gradient calibration than to unity.
High-resolution spectroscopic analysis of four new chemically peculiar stars
Authors: Roriz M P , Pereira C B , Junqueira S , Lugaro M , Drake N A , Sneden C 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
We present detailed chemical compositions of four stars on the first-ascent red giant branch that are classified as chemically peculiar, but lack comprehensive analyses at high spectral resolution. For BD+03°2688, HE 0457−1805, HE 1255−2324, and HE 2207−1746, we derived metallicities [Fe/H] = −1.21, −0.19, −0.31, and −0.55, respectively, indicating a range in Galactic population membership. In addition to atmospheric parameters, we extracted elemental abundances for 28 elements, including the evolutionary-sensitive CNO group and 12C/13C ratios. Novel results are also presented for the heavy elements tungsten and thallium. All four stars have very large enhancements of neutron-capture elements, with high [La/Eu] ratios indicating enrichments from the slow neutron capture (s-process). To interpret these abundances, all indicative of [s/Fe] &gt;1.0, we compared our results with data from literature, as well as with predictions from the Monash and fruity s-process nucleosynthesis models. BD+03°2688, HE 1255−2324, and HE 2207−1746 show C/O &gt;1, while HE 0457−1805 has C/O &lt;1. Since HE 0457−1805 and HE 1255−2324 are binary stars, their peculiarities are attributable to mass transfer. We identified HE 0457−1805 as a new barium giant star, and HE 1255−2324 as a new CH star, in fact a higher metallicity analogue CEMP-r/s star; the single object reported in literature so far with similar characteristics is the barium star HD 100503 ([Fe/H] = −0.72). A systematic monitoring is needed to confirm the binary nature of BD+03°2688 and HE 2207−1746, which are probably CH stars.
tModBase: deciphering the landscape of tRNA modifications and their dynamic changes from epitranscriptome data
Authors: Lei Hao-Tian , Wang Zhang-Hao , Li Bin , Sun Yang , Mei Shi-Qiang , Yang Jian-Hua , Qu Liang-Hu , Zheng Ling-Ling 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
tRNA molecules contain dense, abundant modifications that affect tRNA structure, stability, mRNA decoding and tsRNA formation. tRNA modifications and related enzymes are responsive to environmental cues and are associated with a range of physiological and pathological processes. However, there is a lack of resources that can be used to mine and analyse these dynamically changing tRNA modifications. In this study, we established tModBase (https://www.tmodbase.com/) for deciphering the landscape of tRNA modification profiles from epitranscriptome data. We analysed 103 datasets generated with second- and third-generation sequencing technologies and illustrated the misincorporation and termination signals of tRNA modification sites in ten species. We thus systematically demonstrate the modification profiles across different tissues/cell lines and summarize the characteristics of tRNA-associated human diseases. By integrating transcriptome data from 32 cancers, we developed novel tools for analysing the relationships between tRNA modifications and RNA modification enzymes, the expression of 1442 tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), and 654 DNA variations. Our database will provide new insights into the features of tRNA modifications and the biological pathways in which they participate.