bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighbourhood opposition to relocation of people with disabilities in Lithuania: ‘fake ethics’ in the community discourse
Authors: Mataityte-Dirziene Jurga , Geniene Rasa , Gevorgianiene Violeta , Sumskiene Egle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Like other post-Soviet countries, Lithuania inherited large residential care institutions for people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities. The reform aimed at relocating these people to community-based group homes has been met with opposition, and the communities see it as a threat to their habitus. The news media has become an important actor in this process, in its attempt to reproduce public discourse accompanying such social change.
Research using case study methodology was implemented to explore the ethical aspects of community participation in deinstitutionalization. It involved observation of different public meetings between central government and communities, content analysis of gathered data and discourse analysis of the news media publications on a resonant case of opposition to the deinstitutionalization. Although other accounts of ethics privilege those of the individual worker or organization, this article looks at the ethics of multiple actors—including the community as an actor, and thus understands ethics as multiple, dynamic and intersecting. In this sense, the account is less about individual workers and more about communities and how they change and develop.
Different ethical attitudes of the main actors—Ministry of Social Security and Labour, local authorities, social care institutions and communities, shaping public and news media discourses about deinstitutionalization—were identified in the data collected. Initial unethical community discourse was met with critique from the society at large, and it forced communities to switch to ‘fake’ ethics arguments for opposing deinstitutionalization. Fake ethics was manifested as intentional disguise of prejudices against people with disabilities through citing ethical phrases of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, even though these words contradicted the actions of all parties participating in the discourse. Moreover, people with disabilities themselves, directly affected by the community prejudices, were absent both in public and media discourses, and this entails a risk for their successful inclusion into the community.
Settling Preference of Two Coexisting Aphid Species on the Adaxial and Abaxial Surfaces of Walnut Leaves
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhang Ping , Ahmed Zeeshan , Gao Guizhen , Ali Abid , Lu Zhaozhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Walnut dusky-veined aphid Panaphis juglandis (Goeze) and walnut green aphid Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach) cause economic losses and co-occur on walnut trees, but they have separate niche. Panaphis juglandis feeds on the upper (adaxial) surface of leaves while C. juglandicola feeds on the lower (abaxial) surface. Field surveys and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory were conducted to determine microhabitat selection by P. juglandis and C. juglandicola and the factors associated with this behavior. In the field, the two aphid species colonized a leaflet as follows: P. juglandis only, 16.5%; C. juglandicola only, 44.5%; and both species on same leaflet, 39%. C. juglandicola settled on the abaxial surface earlier than P. juglandis settled on the adaxial surface. P. juglandis showed the highest reproduction rate when they were in the erect position on the adaxial surface. C. juglandicola exhibited the highest reproduction rate when they were inverted and on the abaxial surface. Under a light intensity of 50,000 lux, 60.5% of C. juglandicola remained on the illuminated surface, while P. juglandis did not move from the illuminated surface. Through field and laboratory experiments, we found that P. juglandis preferred to settle on the adaxial surface and C. juglandicola preferred to settle on the abaxial surface. Leaf surface, gravity, and light were three physical factors affecting microhabitat selection by the two aphid species but light intensity was the key factor. This information will help to better understand the habitats of two aphid species, which may be helpful for walnut aphids management strategies such as the usage of insecticides option and spraying.
Regression discontinuity designs in agricultural and environmental economics
Authors: Wuepper David , Finger Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Regression discontinuity designs (RDD) are increasingly being employed in agricultural and environmental economics to identify causal effects. Here, we showcase recent applications, identify best practices, discuss commonly invoked identifying assumptions and show how these can be tested. We discuss basic empirical issues and more advanced topics, including how to exploit the availability of panel data, models to explain heterogeneous treatment effects and extrapolation of local estimates. Moreover, we show how agricultural economists can leverage RDD in combination with remote sensing and environmental modelling. Finally, we highlight three areas of emerging opportunities and draw conclusions for research and policy.
Aldosterone in chronic kidney disease and renal outcomes
Authors: Verma Ashish , Vaidya Anand , Subudhi Sonu , Waikar Sushrut S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism in delaying chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in diabetes; however, they have not investigated the role of aldosterone or whether these beneficial effects could be achieved in individuals without diabetes.

Methods and results
The association between serum aldosterone concentrations and kidney disease progression was investigated among 3680 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort. The primary outcome was CKD progression [defined as the composite of 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end-stage kidney disease, whichever occurred first]. The associations between serum aldosterone and kidney disease outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. At baseline, higher aldosterone concentrations were associated with a lower eGFR, lower serum potassium, greater urinary potassium, and protein excretion. Over a median follow-up of 9.6 years, 1412 participants developed CKD progression. In adjusted models, each doubling of serum aldosterone was associated with a 11% increased risk of CKD progression [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.18]. Individuals with the highest quartile of serum aldosterone had a 45% increased risk of CKD progression (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22–1.73) compared with the lowest quartile. The risk for CKD progression was similar regardless of whether patients had concomitant diabetes (P-interaction = 0.10).

Conclusion
Higher serum aldosterone levels among individuals with CKD are independently associated with an increased risk for kidney disease progression, irrespective of concomitant diabetes. These findings provide mechanistic support for MR antagonists in delaying CKD progression and suggest that they may also have a role in those without diabetes.
Scleraxis and fibrosis in the pressure-overloaded heart
Authors: Nagalingam Raghu S , Chattopadhyaya Sikta , Al-Hattab Danah S , Cheung David Y C , Schwartz Leah Y , Jana Sayantan , Aroutiounova Nina , Ledingham D Allison , Moffatt Teri L , Landry Natalie M , Bagchi Rushita A , Dixon Ian M C , Wigle Jeffrey T , Oudit Gavin Y , Kassiri Zamaneh , Jassal Davinder S , Czubryt Michael P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
In response to pro-fibrotic signals, scleraxis regulates cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro via transcriptional control of key fibrosis genes such as collagen and fibronectin; however, its role in vivo is unknown. The present study assessed the impact of scleraxis loss on fibroblast activation, cardiac fibrosis, and dysfunction in pressure overload-induced heart failure.

Methods and results
Scleraxis expression was upregulated in the hearts of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients, and in mice subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Tamoxifen-inducible fibroblast-specific scleraxis knockout (Scx-fKO) completely attenuated cardiac fibrosis, and significantly improved cardiac systolic function and ventricular remodelling, following TAC compared to Scx+/+ TAC mice, concomitant with attenuation of fibroblast activation. Scleraxis deletion, after the establishment of cardiac fibrosis, attenuated the further functional decline observed in Scx+/+ mice, with a reduction in cardiac myofibroblasts. Notably, scleraxis knockout reduced pressure overload-induced mortality from 33% to zero, without affecting the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. Scleraxis directly regulated transcription of the myofibroblast marker periostin, and cardiac fibroblasts lacking scleraxis failed to upregulate periostin synthesis and secretion in response to pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor β.

Conclusion
Scleraxis governs fibroblast activation in pressure overload-induced heart failure, and scleraxis knockout attenuated fibrosis and improved cardiac function and survival. These findings identify scleraxis as a viable target for the development of novel anti-fibrotic treatments.
Machine learning in sudden cardiac death risk prediction: a systematic review
Authors: Barker Joseph , Li Xin , Khavandi Sarah , Koeckerling David , Mavilakandy Akash , Pepper Coral , Bountziouka Vasiliki , Chen Long , Kotb Ahmed , Antoun Ibrahim , Mansir John , Smith-Byrne Karl , Schlindwein Fernando S , Dhutia Harshil , Tyukin Ivan , Nicolson William B , Ng G Andre 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
Most patients who receive implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention do not receive therapy during the lifespan of the ICD, whilst up to 50% of sudden cardiac death (SCD) occur in individuals who are considered low risk by conventional criteria. Machine learning offers a novel approach to risk stratification for ICD assignment.

Methods and results
Systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, MedrXiv, arXiv, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies modelling SCD risk prediction within days to years using machine learning were eligible for inclusion. Transparency and quality of reporting (TRIPOD) and risk of bias (PROBAST) were assessed. A total of 4356 studies were screened with 11 meeting the inclusion criteria with heterogeneous populations, methods, and outcome measures preventing meta-analysis. The study size ranged from 122 to 124 097 participants. Input data sources included demographic, clinical, electrocardiogram, electrophysiological, imaging, and genetic data ranging from 4 to 72 variables per model. The most common outcome metric reported was the area under the receiver operator characteristic (n = 7) ranging between 0.71 and 0.96. In six studies comparing machine learning models and regression, machine learning improved performance in five. No studies adhered to a reporting standard. Five of the papers were at high risk of bias.

Conclusion
Machine learning for SCD prediction has been under-applied and incorrectly implemented but is ripe for future investigation. It may have some incremental utility in predicting SCD over traditional models. The development of reporting standards for machine learning is required to improve the quality of evidence reporting in the field.
Evaluation of a pharmacist’s impact on the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight management in a family medicine setting
Authors: Crocetta Nicholas , Guay Kyle , Watson Alexandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists carry benefits and risks that must be evaluated prior to use and monitored throughout weight management therapy. Pharmacists possess the accessibility and extensive medication knowledge to evaluate and monitor the use of GLP-1 therapy in weight management patients.ObjectiveEvaluate the clinical and financial impact of a pharmacist-directed weight management service utilizing GLP-1 receptor agonists in a family practice setting.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including patients at 2 family practices, aged 18 and older, prescribed a weight management GLP-1 between October 1, 2021 and March 1, 2022 was performed. Patients who met inclusion and were prescribed a weight loss GLP-1 but were not managed by the clinical pharmacist were compared with the pharmacist cohort. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including an independent t-test were used in the data analysis.ResultsThere were 46 and 39 patients identified in the clinical pharmacist and primary care physician cohorts respectively. Patients in the clinical pharmacist cohort achieved a mean body weight reduction of 9.32% compared to 5.11% body weight reduction for patients in the primary care physician cohort (P = 0.01). There were 63 months identified of inappropriate GLP-1 therapy deprescribed in the clinical pharmacist cohort resulting in an estimated cost savings of $101,985.66.ConclusionsThe implementation of a pharmacist-led weight management clinic in 2 family medicine offices resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and reduction in total costs to the healthcare system compared to patients receiving weight management services from their primary care physician alone.
Video Conferencing With Residents and Families for Care Planning During COVID-19: Experiences in Canadian Long-Term Care
Authors: Connelly Denise , Hay Melissa , Garnett Anna , Hung Lillian , Yous Marie-Lee , Furlan-Craievich Cherie , Snelgrove Shannon , Babcock Melissa , Ripley Jacqueline , Snobelen Nancy , Gao Harrison , Zhuang Ruthie , Hamilton Pam , Sturdy-Smith Cathy , O’Connell Maureen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGovernment-mandated health and safety restrictions to mitigate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) intensified challenges in caring for older adults in long-term care (LTC) without family/care partners. This article describes the experiences of a multidisciplinary research team in implementing an evidence-based intervention for family-centered, team-based, virtual care planning—PIECESTM approach—into clinical practice. We highlight challenges and considerations for implementation science to support care practices for older adults in LTC, their families, and the workforce.Research Design and MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was used. Data included meetings with LTC directors and Registered Practical Nurses (i.e., licensed nurse who graduated with a 2-year diploma program that allows them to provide basic nursing care); one-on-one interviews with family/care partners, residents, Registered Practical Nurses, and PIECES mentors; and reflections of the academic team. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research provided sensitizing constructs for deductive coding, while an inductive approach also allowed themes to emerge.ResultsFindings highlighted how aspects related to planning, engagement, execution, reflection, and evaluation influenced the implementation process from the perspectives of stakeholders. Involving expert partners on the research team to bridge research and practice, developing relationships from a distance, empowering frontline champions, and adapting to challenging circumstances led to shared commitments for intervention success.Discussion and ImplicationsLessons learned include the significance of stakeholder involvement throughout all research activities, the importance of clarity around expectations of all team members, and the consequence of readiness for implementation with respect to circumstances (e.g., COVID-19) and capacity for change.
An analysis of core–mantle boundary related seismic waves using full-waveform modelling and adjoint methods
Authors: Koroni Maria , Borgeaud Anselme , Fichtner Andreas , Deschamps Frédéric 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThe core–mantle boundary (CMB) is the most abrupt internal discontinuity in the Earth, marking the solid–fluid boundary between mantle and outer core that strongly affects the dynamics of the Earth’s interior. However, good agreement between models of CMB topographic variations is still lacking. This is probably due to difficulties relating to observations on seismograms and to the lack of good models of lowermost mantle velocity structure. Using spectral-element synthetic seismograms and adjoint methods, we perform traveltime analyses of seismic waves interacting with the CMB. We focus on reflected and refracted P and S waves. We select some of the most important and routinely used seismic phases: ScS, SKS, SKKS, PcP, PKP, PKKP and PcS, given their path through mantle and core and their interaction with the CMB. These seismic waves have been widely deployed by seismologists trying to image CMB topography and lowermost mantle structure. To analyse the reliability of measuring their traveltimes to infer CMB topography, we perform experiments in two ways. First, we compute synthetic seismograms with a dominant period of T ≈ 11s, for computational efficiency, using existing models of CMB topography. We compare traveltime perturbations measured by cross-correlation on the synthetics to those predicted using ray theory. We find deviations from a perfect agreement between ray theoretical predictions of time shifts and those measured on synthetics with and without CMB topography. Second, we calculate Fréchet sensitivity kernels of traveltimes with respect to shear and compressional wave speeds. We also explicitly compute boundary sensitivities with respect to the CMB interface. We observe that the overall sensitivity of the traveltimes is mostly due to volumetric velocity structure and that imprints of CMB on traveltimes are less pronounced. Our study explains the observed difficulties relating to inferring CMB topography using traveltimes and provides a suite of finite frequency sensitivity kernels computed with the adjoint method. The kernels allow us to qualitatively explain the behaviour of measured traveltimes and understand the trade-off between velocity and CMB topography. They can also serve as reference of finite frequency effects on traveltimes of observed seismic phases. From our analyses we conclude that: i) traveltime anomalies measured on Swaves are more in accord with ray theoretical predictions, ii) PcP, PKP, ScS and SKS phases have more pronounced sensitivity to the boundary and iii) separating the greater effects of velocity from those due to the boundary structure is difficult, as they intricately affect the traveltime. We propose that jointly inverting for CMB topography and lowermost mantle velocity structure using full-waveform synthetics and adjoint sensitivity kernels can progress our understanding of deep Earth structure and finite frequency effects on observed waveforms.
Criterion validity of 14-item Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14) questionnaire in Brazilian adults and older people
Authors: Puello Sthefanie del Carmen Perez , Silva-Júnior Manoelito Ferreira , de Sousa Maria da Luz Rosário , Batista Marília Jesus 
Published: October 2022

Summary
The objective of this study was to evaluate the criterion validity of the 14-item Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14) in Brazilian adults and older adults. The cross-sectional study performed in an oral health (OH) prospective cohort was conducted in 2017 in Piracicaba, Brazil. The HLS-14 questionnaire was applied to evaluate Health Literacy (HL) by dimensions: Functional literacy (FunL), Communicative literacy (ComL) and Critical literacy (CriL). An evaluation protocol (EP) was proposed to evaluate the criterion validity of HLS-14 considering HL dimensions (FunL: reading of the drug information leaflets; ComL: reading of the medical prescription and CriL: identification of OH conditions). HL (total) was dichotomized by the median in high (≥35 point) or low (&lt;35 point) HL. Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient (p &lt; 0.05) and chi-squared test (p &lt; 0.05) were applied. There was agreement between EP and HLS-14 for FunL (p &lt; 0.01). There was association between high HL, measured through the HLS-14 questionnaire, assessing the reading of the drug information leaflets (p &lt; 0.01) and the need for help to read them (p &lt; 0.01). EP showed association between high HL and being able to read the drug information leaflet (p &lt; 0.01), not needing help to read (p &lt; 0.01), having found in the prescription all the information to take the medicine (p &lt; 0.01) and knowing two or more health and OH information in the educational material (p &lt; 0.01). The HSL-14 questionnaire showed criterion validity to measure FunL, and for some items of ComL and CriL evaluation. HL evaluation in a practical and multidimensional way could have an effect on the communication between health professional and patient, motivation and health outcomes.
Supt16haploinsufficiency causes neurodevelopment disorder by disrupting MAPK pathway in neural stem cells
Authors: Wang Junwen , Zhu Xintong , Dai Limeng , Wang Ziyi , Guan Xingying , Tan Xiaoyin , Li Jia , Zhang Mao , Bai Yun , Guo Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChromatin regulators constitute a fundamental means of transcription regulation, which have been implicated in neurodevelopment and neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs). Supt16, one of candidate genes for NDDs, encodes the large subunit of facilitates chromatin transcription. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, Supt16+/− mice was generated, modeling the neurodevelopment disorder. Abnormal cognitive and social behavior was observed in the Supt16 +/− mice. Simultaneously, the number of neurocytes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus is decreased, which might be resulted from the impairment of mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs) in the SVZ. Supt16 haploinsufficiency affects the proliferation and apoptosis of mNSCs. As the RNA-seq and chromatic immunoprecipitation sequencing assays showed, Supt16 haploinsufficiency disrupts the stemness of mNSCs by inhibiting MAPK signal pathway. Thus, this study demonstrates a critical role of Supt16 gene in the proliferation and apoptosis of mNSCs and provides a novel insight in the pathogenesis of NDDs.
Should AI-enabled medical devices be explainable?
Authors: Matulionyte Rita , Nolan Paul , Magrabi Farah , Beheshti Amin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite its exponential growth, artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare faces various challenges. One of them is a lack of explainability of AI medical devices, which arguably leads to insufficient trust in AI technologies, quality, and accountability and liability issues. The aim of this paper is to examine whether, why and to what extent AI explainability should be demanded with relation to AI-enabled medical devices and their outputs. Relying on a critical analysis of interdisciplinary literature on this topic and an empirical study, we conclude that the role of AI explainability in the medical AI context is a limited one. If narrowly defined, AI explainability principle is capable of addressing only a limited range of challenges associated with AI and is likely to reach fewer goals than sometimes expected. The study shows that, instead of technical explainability of medical AI devices, most stakeholders need more transparency around its development and quality assurance process.