bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Removal of Scleral Buckle
Authors: Usman Nida , Haider Muhammad Ali 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To study the outcomes of early removal of segmental buckle on visual acuity, retinal status, and astigmatism.
Study Design: Interventional case series
Place and Duration of Study: Mayo hospital, from February 2018 to July 2018.
Methods: Ten patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited. All the patients underwent segmental radial sponge with cryoretinopexy, with or without drain and intraocular gas tamponade as per need. Post-operative follow ups were at 1st week, 4th week and 6th week. Sponge was removed at 6th week after making sure that the retina was attached. Follow ups after buckle removal were planned at 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month. Improvement in VA, retinal status and astigmatism were noted. The commonest reason for the explant removal was infection followed by pain. Normality was checked through Shapiro-Wilk’s W-test and the normality criteria was met so paired sample t-test was used to assess the significance of astigmatism pre and post-surgery.
Results: The average age was 32.30 ± 16.75 years (range, 03 – 61 years). Anatomical success was achieved in 100%. Visual acuity improved in all patients. Moreover, early removal of buckle reduced astigmatism and further improvement in vision was also noted. Pre and post-surgical vision improvement was statistically significant with p-value of 0.000. After removal of buckle, improvement of astigmatism was also statistically significant p-value 0.004.
Conclusion: The early removal of scleral explant not only provides symptomatic relief to the patients, but is also associated with marked improvement in visual acuity was noted.
Key Words: Visual Acuity, Astigmatism, Retinal Detachment, Segmental Scleral Buckle.
واضح الدلالـة عند ابن الأمير الصنعاني من كتابه إجابة السائل شرح بغية الآمل
Authors: سالم أحمد , الزنكي نجم الدين 
Published: March 2022

سلط البحث الضوء على "واضح الدلالة" عند ابن الأمير الصنعاني من كتابة "إجابة السائل شرح بغية الآمل"، وقد تكوَّن بصورة عامة من مقدمة ومبحثين:
المقدمة، وفيها: ملخص البحث، وأهميته، ومشكلته، وأسباب اختياره، وأهدافه، ومنهجه، والدراسات السابقة فيه، وخطته، ثم الخاتمة، والتوصيات، والفهارس.
المبحث الأول: ماهية الدلالة وأنواعها، وفيه التعريف بالدلالة لغة واصطلاحا، وأقسام الدلالات، ثم ذكر أنواع الدلالة اللفظية الوضعية.
وأما المبحث الثاني: في واضح الدلالة وأقسامه، وفيه التعريف بواضح الدلالة، وأقسام واضح الدلالة عند جمهور الأصوليين والصنعاني وعند الحنفية، ثم أنواع النص عند الإمام الصنعاني.
ثم الخاتمة، وفيها بينت ما توصلت إليه في البحث من أهم النتائج والتوصيات.
سِلْكُ الدُّرَرِ في مُصْطَلَحِ أَهْلِ الأَثَرِ للعلامَةِ الشيخِ رَضِيِّ الدِّينِ محمد بنِ محمد بنِ أحمَدَ الغَزِّيِّ العامِرِيِّ المتوَفَّى سنة 935هـ
Authors: القاسمي عبد الله , الخلف عواد 
Published: March 2022

عني هذا البحث بإحدى منظومات متن "نخبة الفكر في مصطلح أهل الأثر"، للحافظ أحمد بن علي بن حجر العسقلاني، وهي منظومة "سلك الدرر في مصطلح أهل الأثر"، للعلامة الشيخ رضي الدين محمد بن محمد بن أحمد الغزي العامري، المتوفى سنة 935هـ، وهي من أوائل منظومات متن النخبة، وقد مر على تأليفها حتى الآن أكثر من خمسمائة عام، ولم تحظ بعدُ بالتحقيق والنشر.
اضطلع البحث بتحقيق نص المنظومة وتحريره اعتمادًا على ثلاث نسخٍ خطية، كما اعتنى بضبطه كاملًا بالشكل التام، مع التعليق على المواضع منه المحتاجة إلى توضيح.
وقدم البحث على ذلك مقدمة دراسية مختصرة؛ شملت التعريف بالناظم من خلال ترجمة موجزة له، كما شملت التعريف بالنظم، من حيث: تحقيق تسميته ونسبته إلى مؤلفه، ومن حيث: منهج النظم، ومزاياه، والمآخذ عليه، وذكر شروحه، ونسخه الخطية المعتمدة في التحقيق، وأخيرًا بيان منهج البحث في خدمة نص المنظومة.
الفوائد المشتركة بين السند والمتن في كتاب السنن لأبي داود السجستاني
Authors: حريد كلثوم , سعد قاسم 
Published: March 2022

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على عناية الإمام أبي داود بعلوم الحديث المشتركة بين السند والمتن. ويلم شعث العديد من المسائل المهمة في هذا المضمار المبثوثة في سننه، ويجمع شتات تلك المسائل ويدرسها ويحلّلها، مع لَحْظ تطبيقاتها عند أبي داود.
وقد اعتُمد في البحث المنهج الاستقرائي، إذ تم تتبع كتاب السنن، لجمع أقوال أبي داود ذات الصلة، كما استُخدم المنهج التحليلي في الدراسة والسبر، واستخلاص رأي أبي داود.
ومن أهم نتائج البحث: أن أبا داود أسهم في تأصيل قواعد علم المصطلح التي يشترك فيها السند والمتن.
Hepatotoksik terkait Obat Antituberkulosis pada Pasien Tuberkulosis dan Koinfeksi Tuberkulosis-HIV
Authors: Azmi Rizki Nur , Ardiani Tiara , Siami Sahra 
Published: March 2022

LATAR BELAKANG : Efek samping obat antituberkulosis yaitu toksik terhadap sel hati, disebut hepatotoksik, perlu menjadi perhatian dalam pengobatan tuberkulosis. Adanya efek samping yang tidak diinginkan ini menjadi tantangan dalam pengobatan karena dapat menyebabkan penghentian terapi atau perubahan rejimen. Koinfeksi dengan infeksi HIV juga diduga dapat meningkatkan potensi hepatotoksisitas obat antituberkulosis.
TUJUAN : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian hepatotoksisitas obat anti tuberkulosis pada pasien tuberkulosis dan koinfeksi tuberkulosis-HIV.
METODE : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional, yang dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit Kota Samarinda. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari rekam medik pasien pada tahun 2018 – 2020. Didapatkan 53 pasien tuberkulosis dan 53 pasien koinfeksi tuberkulosis-HIV. Perbedaan nilai enzim hati (SGOT dan SGPT) dan derajat keparahan pada kedua kelompok tersebut dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney dan Chi-Square.
HASIL : Rata-rata nilai SGOT dan SGPT pada pasien koinfeksi tuberkulosis-HIV lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasien tanpa infeksi HIV, yaitu SGOT 127,1 µ/L dan SGPT 100,7 µ/L. Derajat keparahan tertinggi yang dialami pasien adalah grade 3 (hepatotoksik berat). Pasien koinfeksi tuberkulosis-HIV dengan derajat keparahan grade 3 sebanyak 22,6% dan pasien tuberkulosis sebanyak 9,4%. Nilai enzim hati maupun derajat keparahan hepatotoksik pada kedua kelompok pasien berbeda signfikan secara statistik dengan nilai p < 0,05.
KESIMPULAN : Pasien koinfeksi tuberkulosis-HIV cenderung mengalami kejadian hepatotoksik terkait obat anti tuberkulosis lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa infeksi HIV.
Household Expenditures on Primary, Secondary and Higher-level Health Care in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Sony , Baral Sushila , Yadav Dipendra Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Household health expenditures are the costs related to the health care and services from a house. The household health care expenditure constitutes a larger share (55.4%) of total health expenditures in Nepal which imply that health care can place a significant financial burden on households. Therefore, the aim of the study was to estimate the household expenditures on primary, secondary and higher-level health care in Nepalese households.
Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 335 household heads in Lekhnath municipality, Kaski, Nepal later changed in to Pokhara Metropolitan. An interview schedule was used to collect the data through face to face interview. Cluster sampling technique was used to select desired number of participants.
Results: More than eight out of ten participants (88.1%) visited private health facility for the treatment. More than half (61.5%) had taken secondary and higher-level services. Among out-of-pocket household expenditure the mean (±SD) direct cost was NRs.24100±36870 where minimum expenditure was NRs.50 while maximum expenditure was NRs. 255025. Similarly, mean (±SD) indirect cost was NRs.784.48±2319 where majority expenditures (96.8%) were direct costs while 3.2% were indirect costs. The mean (±SD) cost for primary health services was NRs.905.07±1729 where minimum was NRs.60 and maximum was NRs.10110. Similarly, the mean (±SD) cost for secondary and higher-level services was NRs.23200±37390 where minimum was NRs.50 and maximum was NRs.255025.
Conclusion: The average (±SD) household expenditure on different health services was NRs. 24800±38630 per annum, which is higher health expenditures for health service. The majority (96.8%) of health expenditures were included to direct costs while only 3.2% were in indirect costs. Higher expenditure was on secondary and higher-level services and it was NRs.23200 per annum while least expenditure on primary health services was NRs.905.07 per annum.
Satisfaction on Intranatal Services among Mothers in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Thapaliya Rekha , Paudel Kalpana , Shrestha Saphalta 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Understanding maternal perception of care and satisfaction with services is a key determinant of service utilization. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction with intranatal services among mothers in Pokhara.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used among 165 mothers having under one child attending 33 Maternal and Child Health Clinic of Pokhara Metropolitan City. Systematic random sampling was adopted. Face-to-face interview technique with a structured interview schedule was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age was 25.64±4.547 years, 60% were multi-parous, and 41.8% had spontaneous vaginal delivery with episiotomy. The satisfaction of the mothers was 81.2%. Most of the mothers (90.3%) were satisfied with pain management and technical aspects of care. There was a significant association between age of mothers and parity with satisfaction with intranatal services. A majority of mothers (83.6%) had the willingness to receive service next time and 84.2% recommend services to their families and friends.
Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the mothers were satisfied with the intranatal services. The level of satisfaction was lowest in physical facilities and provision of respect and privacy. Hence, improvement in the physical environment of the health facilities and provision of respect and privacy of the mothers help to increase satisfaction in all the aspects of care.
Correlation of Interleukin-6 Levels with Clinical Features and Chest X-Ray Imaging in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Authors: Dwi Ananda Raden Yudistira , Nova Kurniati  , Harun Hudari  , Erial Bahar  
Published: March 2022

Background. COVID-19 infection, both moderate and severe symptoms can cause pneumonia that can be detected on a chest X-ray. Along with the increasing severity of the clinical picture of COVID 19, it can also trigger a cytokine storm, one of which is an increase in Interleukin-6 levels. This study was conducted to see the correlation between IL-6 levels with clinical features and chest radiographs in patients with COVID-19
Methods. This research is a cross-sectional study using an observational analytic. The samples in this study were confirmed COVID-19 patients who were being treated at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. A history and physical examination were performed to determine the clinical picture as well as a chest X-ray and IL-6 levels.
Results. There were 31 samples of COVID 19 patients. High levels of IL-6 were found in 26 (83.9%) samples. The clinical picture of the patient was dominated by dyspnea as much as 19 (61.3%), fever 16 (5.6%), low O2 saturation 12 (38.4%) and a chest X-ray of pneumonia 26 (83.9%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between IL-6 levels with clinical features and chest X-rays. The R-value on the thorax with pneumonia (0.692), lesion area (0.711) and clinical features with temperature (0.906), respiratory rate (0.706) indicated a strong correlation, while O2 (-0.732) indicated a strong negative correlation.
Conclusion. There is a significantly strong correlation between Interleukin 6 levels with clinical features and chest X-rays in patients with COVID-19.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout Risk among Emergency Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Susila I Made Dwie Pradnya , Laksmi Ida Ayu Agung 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The Emergency Department (ED) nurses are the first health care professionals to treat patients infected during COVID-19 pandemic. The workload of ED nurses is quite heavy because generally patients who are rushed to the ED are emergency patients who need to get health services as quickly and accurately as possible. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of burnout risk among Emergency Nurses during COVID-19 pandemic in Bali.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the risk of burnout among emergency nurses in Bali. This research was conducted in June 2021 involving 85 emergency nurses who are members of the Indonesian emergency and disaster nurse association in Bali. The instrument used to identify the nurses’ burnout is the Maslach Burnout Inventory Indonesian version. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Spearman Rank test with a level of significance (α<0.05).
Results: The ED nurses burnouts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bali have average burnout ranged from 9.8 to 34.58. Most of the respondents (72.9%) were in mild emotional exhaustion, 69.4% experienced moderate depersonalization and 45.9% had low personal accomplishment. Hospital resource have co-morbidities and previous experience of treating patients with infectious diseases statistically correlated with ED nurses burnouts.
The Relationship of Mother's Knowledge with the Selection of Educational Game Tools among Preschool Age Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suhariati Hindyah Ike , Nofalia Ifa 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Most parents or mothers do not understand about educational game tools, even many of them buy beautiful and interesting game tools but they do not think what to do with these game tools. In this case, if children are left in this condition, in the end this can actually be counterproductive to the purpose of education itself and interfere the growth process of preschool age children (4-6 years). The purpose of this study is to know the relationship of mother’s knowledge with the selection of educational game tools among preschool age children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The design of this study used cross-sectional analysis with a population of all mothers who have preschool children at Al Husna Tembelang Islamic Kindergarten, Jombang with a sample of 40 people using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected through a questionnaire, then to determine the relationship between the two variables, the Spearman Rank statistical test was carried out with a significance level of = 0.05.
Results: The results showed that most of the mothers had good knowledge of 52.6% while the selection of educational game tools was 50% according to the age of the children. Based on the results of the Spearman Rank correlation test, the value of < or 0.000 < 0.05.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study there is a relationship between mother's knowledge and the selection of educational game tools for preschool age children during the COVID-19 pandemic at Al Husna Tembelang Islamic Kindergarten, Jombang.
The Effect of Health Education on Knowledge of The Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wijayanti Dewi 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a lifelong disease that cannot be cured permanently, which according to WHO estimates the number of people with diabetes will be the main cause of 7 deaths in 2030. One way to reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus is to provide education about diabetes mellitus in the community so that early prevention of DM can be done. This study aims to determine the effect of health education on knowledge of diabetes mellitus prevention in the community of RT.03 Mambirdan Tarakan, North Kalimantan.
Methods: The design of this study used an experimental one group pre post test design, with a sample size of 31 respondents, data collection using a diabetes mellitus knowledge questionnaires. The test carried out was a paired t test.
Results: Knowledge increased by 58.06% with p= 0.001 < 0.05. There is a significant effect of effectiveness on the level of anxiety in elderly patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in the Al-Marhamah Tarakan nursing home, North Kalimantan.
Conclusion: Health education has an effect on increasing knowledge of diabetes mellitus prevention in the community of RT.03 Mambirdan Trakan, North Kalimantan.
Review of Parameters in Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks
Authors: Mohsin Saadoon Intisar , Ali Hussein Maha , Neamah Abbas Farah 
Published: March 2022

Vehicular Ad_hoc Network (VANET) is a sophisticated elegance of devoted cellular network that permits automobiles to intelligently communicate for different roadside infrastructure. VANETs bring with it some of demanding situations associated with Quality of Service (QoS) and performance. QoS relies upon on many parameters which includes packet transport ratio, bandwidth, postpone variance, records latency, etc. This paper, discuss numerous troubles associated with latency records, bandwidth usage, and transport of packet in VANETs. The demanding situations have been recognized in offering security, reliability and confidentiality of posted records. Finally, numerous packages of VANETs also are introduced in the modern computing scenario.
Mid- and Far-infrared Color–Color Relations within Local Galaxies
Authors: Gregg Benjamin , Calzetti Daniela , Heyer Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present an extensive archival analysis of a sample of local galaxies, combining multiwavelength data from GALEX, Spitzer, and Herschel to investigate “blue-side” mid-infrared (MIR) and “red-side” far-infrared (FIR) color–color correlations within the observed infrared spectral energy distributions. Our sample largely consists of the KINGFISH galaxies, with the important addition of a select few including NGC 5236 (M83) and NGC 4449. With data from the far-ultraviolet (∼0.15 μm) through 500 μm convolved to common angular resolution, we measure the photometry of kiloparsec-scale star-forming regions 36″ × 36″ in size. Star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses, and metallicity distributions are derived throughout our sample. Focusing on the f
70/f
500 “FIR” and f
8/f
24 “MIR” flux density ratios (colors), we find that a subsample of galaxies demonstrate a strong IR color–color correlation within their star-forming regions, while others demonstrate uncorrelated colors. This division is driven by two main effects: (1) the local strength of star formation (SF) and (2) the metal content of the interstellar medium (ISM). Galaxies uniformly dominated by high surface densities of SF (e.g., NGC 5236) demonstrate strong IR color–color correlations, while galaxies that exhibit lower levels of SF and mixed environments (e.g., NGC 5457) demonstrate weaker or no correlation—explained by the increasing effect of varying ISM heating and metal content on the IR colors, specifically in the MIR. We find large dispersion in the SFR–L
8 (8 μm luminosity) relation that is traced by the metallicity distributions, consistent with extant studies, highlighting its problematic use as an SFR indicator across diverse systems/samples.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Level of Work Engagement of Nurses at a Small, Rural Hospital
Authors: Courson Sadie , Breen Katherine , Smith Jamie , Flynn Abigail , Evans Jessi , Moffitt Rachel , Staake Christine , McPherson Sara 
Published: March 2022

Background
There is a severe nursing shortage. Nurses are experiencing pressure, stress, and negative effects on their mental health from the ongoing pandemic. Understanding how their work engagement has been affected is essential.

Method
A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. A survey plus the Fear of COVID-19 scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and three open-ended questions were used.

Results

Participants (
n
= 107) were mostly female, had a bachelor degree or higher, worked full-time, had access to personal protective equipment, and followed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Receiving education about COVID-19 and feeling that the hospital provided adequate education were correlated with engagement scores. The type of education significantly correlated with engagement scores, with in-service education having the highest scores.

Conclusion

Understanding the needs of nurses during a pandemic is critical to engaging and retaining them. This study provides information that may be beneficial in future health crises.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(4):157–164.]
A comparative evaluation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from different chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl
Authors: Wan N. , Li Y. , Huang X.Y. , Li Y.H. , Zheng Q. , Wu Z.F. 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl leaves (CCPL) from 5 different habitats in China by GC-MS, and to evaluate their antimicrobial activities against 3 foodborne pathogens, using a paper disc diffusion method. A total of 30 compounds were identified with a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes, including linalool (42.65%-96.47%), eucalyptol (39.07%-55.35%) and camphor (26.08%) as well as monoterpene hydrocarbons such as sabinene (6.18%-12.93%) and α-terpineol (8.19%-13.81%). Through cluster analysis, CCPL from 5 different habitats can be well divided into 2 categories. Combining with principal component analysis, the habitats can be better correlated with the chemical constituents of the essential oils. The antimicrobial activities of 5 extracted essential oils against 2 gram-negative bacteria and one gram-positive bacteria were assessed. It showed that the essential oil extracted from the CCPL harvested in Jinxi had the strongest antibacterial property. The results of this study provided basis for resource identification of CCPL and quality difference identification of essential oils. Research on the antibacterial properties of several pathogenic strains has proved its application value as a natural food preservative.
Antioxidant activity, polyphenolic composition and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of tea seed oil
Authors: Ruto H.K. , Yugi J.O. , Ochanda S.O. , Bii C. 
Published: March 2022

The polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of tea seed oil from C. sinensis TRFK 301/5 (green colored) and TRFK 306 (purple colored) and C. oleifera were evaluated. The total polyphenolic content, total catechins and catechin fractions were significantly different in the oils. C. oleifera contained significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher amounts of catechins and polyphenols than C. sinensis. C. oleifera also exhibited a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (18.81 ± 0.46%) compared to C. sinensis (TRFK 306; 15.98 ± 0.13 and TRFK 301/5; 14.73 ± 0.47%). The antimicrobial activities of tea seed oil and two selected oils (olive and eucalyptus oil), were also evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candinda albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. S. aureus was significantly inhibited by the oils compared to E. coli. The oils inhibited the growth of T. mentagrophytes and C. albicans, although they had no effect on C. neoformans. Tea seed oil is a potential source of beneficial phytochemicals and potent antimicrobial agents.