bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clean‐label poisoning attacks on federated learning for IoT
Authors: Yang Jie , Zheng Jun , Baker Thar , Tang Shuai , Tan Yu‐an , Zhang Quanxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFederated Learning (FL) is suitable for the application scenarios of distributed edge collaboration of the Internet of Things (IoT). It can provide data security and privacy, which is why it is widely used in the IoT applications such as Industrial IoT (IIoT). Latest research shows that the federated learning framework is vulnerable to poisoning attacks in the case of an active attack by the adversary. However, the existing backdoor attack methods are easy to be detected by the defence methods. To address this challenge, we focus on edge‐cloud synergistic FL clean‐label attacks. Unlike common backdoor attack, to ensure the attack's concealment, we add a small perturbation to realize the clean label attack by judging the cosine similarity between the gradient of the adversarial loss and the gradient of the normal training loss. In order to improve the attack success rate and robustness, the attack is implemented when the global model is about to converge. The experimental results verified that 1% of poisoned data could make an attack successful with a high probability. Our method maintains stealth while performing model poisoning attacks, and the average Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) of poisoning images reaches over 30 dB, and the average Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) is close to 0.93. Most importantly, our attack method can bypass the Byzantine aggregation defence.
An experimental study on residual stress relaxation in low‐cycle fatigue of Inconel 718Plus
Authors: Dattoma Vito , De Giorgi Marta , Nobile Riccardo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResidual stress relaxation induced by the application of mechanical loads is determined by the nature of residual stress, the elasto‐plastic material properties, and the type of applied load. Despite the importance of the first load cycle, analytical models available in the literature generally assumed residual stress relaxation as a continuous process. Residual stress induced by machining on Inconel 718Plus superalloy cylindrical specimens was measured before and after the application of load cycles under strain control. Low‐cycle fatigue tests were carried out at room temperature for different strain amplitudes, and X‐ray diffraction measurements were performed before and after 10 and 100 cycles. A comprehensive analytical model was derived to describe the relaxation process associated with the initial cycles and that associated with the continuous application of load cycle, which is based on the plastic strain energy per cycle W and requires the evaluation of parameters that are only dependent on the material and not on the strain amplitude.
Acceptability of integrating smoking cessation treatment into routine care for people with mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Sawyer Katherine , Fredman Stein Kim , Jacobsen Pamela , Freeman Tom P. , Blackwell Anna K. M. , Metcalfe Chris , Kessler David , Munafò Marcus R. , Aveyard Paul , Taylor Gemma M. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionImproving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPTs) Services could offer smoking cessation treatment to improve physical and psychological outcomes for service users, but it currently does not. This study aimed to understand participants' views and experiences of receiving a novel smoking cessation intervention as part of the ESCAPE trial (intEgrating Smoking Cessation treatment As part of usual Psychological care for dEpression and anxiety). We used the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM‐B) to understand the (i) acceptability of the integrated smoking cessation treatment, (ii) views of psychological well‐being practitioners' (PWPs) ability to deliver the smoking cessation treatment and (iii) positive and negative impacts of smoking cessation treatment.MethodsThis was a qualitative study embedded within a feasibility randomized‐controlled trial (ESCAPE) in primary care services in the United Kingdom (IAPT). Thirty‐six participants (53% female) from both usual care and intervention arms of the ESCAPE trial, including both quitters and nonquitters, were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using a framework approach to thematic analysis, using the COM‐B as a theoretical frame.ResultsPsychological Capability: Integrated smoking cessation treatment was acceptable and encouraged participants to reflect on their mental health. Some participants found it difficult to understand nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Motivation: Participants were open to change during the event of presenting to IAPT. Some described being motivated to take part in the intervention by curiosity, to see whether quitting smoking would help their mental health. Physical Opportunity: IAPT has a natural infrastructure for supporting integrated treatment, but there were some barriers such as session duration and interventions feeling segmented. Social Opportunity: Participants viewed PWPs as having good interpersonal skills to deliver a smoking cessation intervention.ConclusionPeople with common mental illness generally accepted integrated smoking cessation and mental health treatment. Smoking cessation treatment fits well within IAPT's structure; however, there are barriers to implementation.Patient or Public ContributionBefore data collection, we consulted with people with lived experience of smoking and/or mental illness and lay public members regarding the aims, design and interview schedules. After analysis, two people with lived experience of smoking and mental illness individually gave feedback on the final themes and quotes.
Survivor‐focused timely warnings increase negative stereotyping of survivors but make readers feel safer
Authors: Phills Curtis E. , Brown Elizabeth R. , Wesely Jennifer K. , Hull Kristen , Smith Carolyn , Buehler Anjali J. , Binder Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUniversities in the United States issue “timely warnings” when a sexual assault occurs on campus. Timely warnings should make campuses safer by communicating information that allows community members to make informed personal safety decisions. Unfortunately, these warnings often undermine that safety goal by centering the survivor's actions (i.e., walking alone at night) and characteristics (i.e., wearing revealing clothes), rather than or in addition to the perpetrator's actions (i.e., followed the survivor to their house) and characteristics (i.e., wearing a red shirt). The present research investigated whether including survivor‐focused details in timely warnings causes readers to view survivors as less intelligent (i.e., why else would they walk alone at night?) and more promiscuous (i.e., why else would they wear revealing clothes?). Among three distinct samples (registered voters, US undergraduates, US based MTurk participants), we manipulated whether timely warnings included survivor‐focused details. Survivor‐focused, versus not survivor‐focused, warnings caused participants to view survivors as less intelligent (all three samples) and more promiscuous (US undergraduates and US based MTurk participants). Participants also felt safer when timely warnings focused on the survivor. Notably, feeling safer related to believing survivors were less intelligent (US based MTurk participants). We discuss how survivor‐focused timely warnings may ironically make campuses less safe by discouraging survivors from reporting crimes. Materials, data, and analysis code are available online (https://osf.io/acnqb/?view_only=4c9dd1c7abcd4a6bbd2c68e8412fcbdd).
Efficacy and safety of once‐weekly semaglutide in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes in the SUSTAIN 1, 2, 5 and 9 trials: Post‐hoc analysis
Authors: Araki Eiichi , Harashima Shinichi , Nishida Tomoyuki , Nakamura Jiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe etiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes might differ between specific populations. This post‐hoc exploratory analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs comparators in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes in comparison with the total population from four phase III studies in the Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long‐term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN) program.Materials and MethodsThis analysis was carried out with data from the SUSTAIN 1, 2, 5 and 9 trials. Post‐hoc analyses were carried out to assess outcomes in all participants and in Japanese participants in each study. The primary end‐point was the change from baseline to end of study in glycated hemoglobin (%). The confirmatory secondary end‐point was change from baseline to end of study in bodyweight (kg).ResultsChange from baseline to end of study in glycated hemoglobin with once‐weekly semaglutide ranged from −1.32 to −1.85% points in the overall populations, and −1.69 to −2.49% points in Japanese participants. With once‐weekly semaglutide, relative bodyweight was reduced from baseline to end of study by 4.0–7.3% in the overall populations, and 2.7–10.4% in Japanese participants. In the Japanese subpopulation, no new safety concerns were identified with once‐weekly semaglutide, and there were no adverse events leading to death or severe hypoglycemic episodes.ConclusionsIn this post‐hoc analysis, participants with type 2 diabetes initiating once‐weekly semaglutide experienced improvements in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight in both the overall and Japanese population, and no new safety concerns were identified among Japanese participants, supporting the efficacy of once‐weekly semaglutide in this population.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella Enteritidis isolated from two consecutive Food‐Poisoning outbreaks in Sichuan, China
Authors: Kong Ximei , Chen Jingxian , Yang Yang , Li Ming , Wang Jian , Jia Qu , Wang Yao , Yuan Qiwu , Miao Yanfang , Zhao Pinnan , You Yiping , Zhao Xing , Pei Xiaofang , Zuo Haojiang , Meng Jiantong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSalmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) is a primary pathogen that causes foodborne diseases in humans. Although whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) ‐based typing analyses have been increasingly used to investigate food‐poisoning outbreaks, they are rarely applied to the epidemiology of multiple Salmonella outbreaks in Sichuan, China. This study therefore isolated SE from patients and food of two consecutive food‐poisoning outbreaks during 2020 in Sichuan, China. We tracked outbreak origin using epidemiological investigation, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and WGS. We also determined phylogenetic relationships using PFGE, whole and core genome multilocus sequence typing (wg/cgMLST), and whole‐genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analyses. Epidemiological investigations identified a correlation between cake consumption and food poisoning. Thirteen strains isolated from patients and one strain isolated from the cake were confirmed as SE. Among the 14 strains, only six shared the same AST pattern (AMP‐AMS‐Sul‐STR). Isolates from patients and cakes were indistinguishable in PFGE results. All four methods, namely PFGE, wgMLST, cgMLST, and wgSNP were appropriate for bacterial typing in SE‐related outbreak investigation. However, wgSNP can assign 12 SE strains from the first outbreak to one cluster and assign two SE strains from the second outbreak to another cluster, while PFGE, wgMLST, cgMLST did not successfully distinguish the SE strains from different outbreaks. Thus, we conclude that SNP‐based phylogenetic analysis might be a viable method for differentiating SE strains at the outbreak level.
The moisturizing effect of Capparis spinosa fruit extract targeting filaggrin synthesis and degradation
Authors: Lu Yina , Zhang Wenhuan , Zhou Lidan , Xiong Yue , Liu Qing , Shi Xuemei , Tian Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSmall molecular natural products, such as betaine, have unique moisturizing advantages. Capparis spinosa L. fruit is rich in quaternary ammonium alkaloids such as betaine and stachydrine. However, few studies investigated its efficacy and mechanism on human skin.ObjectivePolysaccharides‐free C. spinosa fruit extract (CS) was obtained to study its moisturizing effect and mechanisms focusing on filaggrin (FLG) synthesis and degradation.MethodsThe clinical moisturizing test was carried out on human arms, calves, and faces after CS treatment for 0.5–6 h. The change in the level of FLG, caspase 14, loricrin, and transglutaminase 5 (TGM 5) was measured by immunofluorescence after CS treatment for 4 and 24 h in a reconstructed epidermis model. Also, the content of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) in the stratum corneum was tested by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) both in the epidermis model and human calves.ResultsCompared with glycerin (positive control), 5% CS showed a strong skin hydration effect on arms and calves when applied for 0.5–6 h. Also, the face hydration increased at 0.5 and 4 h. In addition, 3% CS applied to the recombinant epidermis model under low humidity promoted the immunodetected levels of caspase 14 and PCA content but reduced the levels of FLG at 4 h, however, the levels of FLG, loricrin, and TGM 5 were promoted at 24 h. Meanwhile, CS treatment for 4 h in human calves increased the PCA content in the stratum corneum by 29.9%.ConclusionsTopical application of CS on human skin showed an instant and long‐lasting increase in skin hydration by regulating the FLG network. It promoted FLG degradation to form PCA at 4 h both in vivo and in vitro, increasing FLG synthesis after 24 h, potentially reforming the FLG monomer reservoir to alleviate the skin's dry condition.
Informational roles of pre‐election polls
Authors: Jo Jinhee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a pre‐election polling stage to Feddersen and Pesendorfer's two‐candidate election model in which some voters are uncertain about the state of the world. While Feddersen and Pesendorfer find that less informed, indifferent voters strictly prefer abstention, which they refer to as the swing voter's curse, I show that there exists an equilibrium in which everyone truthfully reveals his or her preference in the pre‐election poll and participates in voting. Moreover, even in the truth‐telling equilibrium, the candidate who leads in the poll may lose the election. However, polls can help elections aggregate information more successfully.
Designing genetic studies for people with intellectual disabilities: Practical lessons from a pilot study
Authors: Sellers Adrian , Hudson Sharon , Ledger Joanna , Moorehouse Charlotte , Young Charlotte , Groeber Ian , Knight Bridget , Mill Jonathan , Allard Jon , Shankar Rohit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGenetic variations are overrepresented in people with intellectual disability (PwID), particularly those with physical and mental health co‐morbidities, but remain significantly under‐diagnosed. Lack of suitable research studies, a natural extension of the complexities posed of consenting and recruitment is considered culpable. There is a resultant dearth of evidence on establishing bespoke genetic studies for adult PwID. This report outlines the challenges faced in the implementation and administration of a pilot genetic study for adult PwID hoping to better inform future genetic study designs for PwID. Adult participants with a diagnosis of ID (ICD10 F70‐F73) and epilepsy (ICD10 G40) were recruited to The Peninsula study exploring genomic stratification in intellectual disability and epilepsy via the ethically approved Royal Devon and Exeter Tissue Bank (RDETB) (16/SC/016). Managed within the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Exeter Clinical Research Framework, the RDETB was set up to proactively collect and store ‘spare’ tissue from routine clinical procedures such as venepunctures for routine good practice biochemistry monitoring. Participants who satisfied the criteria for the need for routine bloods to monitor their general health were identified to be invited for participation. From October 2017 to March 2020 from a total caseload of 375 PwID and epilepsy, 291 were screened (77.6%), 116 (39.9%) identified as potentially eligible and sent study information and genetic samples obtained from 30 (8%). Analysis showed 75% of PwID had some biochemical abnormalities requiring further medical attention. The recruitment was influenced by the clinical care set up in implementing the sanctioned ethics. However, where bloods were achieved it proved to be beneficial in identifying hitherto undiagnosed medical problems. While the challenges to gain consent, are considerable, the reasonable adjustments needed to facilitate participation and the immediate clinical benefits where engagement was successful are significant.
Pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin after single oral and intravenous administration in non‐laying hens
Authors: Chen Jun‐Cheng , Kang Ji‐Jun , Zhang Mei , Shao Hao‐Tian , Song Zhe‐Wen , Ma Kai‐Li , Yang Fang , Yang Fan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in non‐laying hens after a single oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) dose, both at 5 mg/kg body weight (BW). Eighteen 13‐week‐old healthy hens were equally and randomly divided into two groups. After both doses, blood samples (approximately 1 ml) were collected at different time points. Danofloxacin concentrations were quantified by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method followed by a non‐compartmental analysis using the software of WinNonLin. The elimination half‐lives (t1/2λzs) after PO and IV routes were determined as 8.15 ± 3.37 and 7.69 ± 3.40 h, respectively. After IV administration, danofloxacin had an initial concentration (C0) of 3.62 μg/ml, a volume of distribution at steady state (VSS) of 3579.72 ± 454.29 ml/kg, and a total body clearance (Cl) of 0.49 ml/h/g. After PO administration, the absolute bioavailability and absorption half‐life (t1/2ka) were calculated as 100.99% ± 23.10% and 0.82 ± 0.58 h, respectively. Based on the calculated ratio values of AUC/MIC and Cmax/MIC, an oral dose of 5 mg/kg danofloxacin would be expected to successfully treat hens infected with strains with MIC values ≤0.1 μg/ml.
ADAMTS12, a novel prognostic predictor, promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Ming , Yuan Zhenying , Tang Zhangui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe prognostic significance and potential carcinogenic mechanism of ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 12 (ADAMTS12) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain unclear.Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to analyze the correlation between ADAMTS12 protein expression and clinicopathological factors in tumor samples from 195 patients with HNSC. Based on clinicopathological data of patients, Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to identify the prognostic significance of the ADAMTS12 expression. The carcinogenicity of the ADAMTS12 in HNSC cells was analyzed by CCK‐8 assay, the wound‐healing assay, and transwell assays after transfection of ADAMTS12 overexpression or knock‐down vector.ResultsThe expression of ADAMTS12 was up‐regulated in HNSC compared with normal tissue, related to pathology grade and lymph node metastasis of patients with HNSC, which was an independent prognostic factor. ADAMTS12 overexpression facilitated cell viability, invasion, and migration of HNSC cells, while ADAMTS12 knock‐down had inverse results. Moreover, enrichment analysis, ADAMTS12 overexpression assay, and ADAMTS12 knock‐down assay confirmed that ADAMTS12 mediated the activation of P13K/Akt pathway in HNSC.ConclusionsOur studies indicated that ADAMTS12 was a novel prognostic biomarker and potentially therapeutic target in HNSC.
Application of topical betaxolol to cure superficial infantile hemangioma: A pilot study
Authors: Li Chen‐xi , Li Hong , Zhou Yu‐chuan , Gong Zhong‐cheng , Ling Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐blockers have gradually become an attractive option for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas. Topical application is preferred to oral administration because of their potential systemic adverse effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of betaxolol in treating superficial infantile hemangioma.MethodsSeventy‐four infants admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2018 to 2019 were observed and recorded. Variables such as color, size, tension, and thickness were recorded monthly and evaluated using visual analog scales. Multi‐factor analysis of variance with repeated measurements and the non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test were used to compare clinical effectiveness across the different groups.ResultsAfter 6 months of treatment, 33.78% (25/74) showed excellent results, 55.41% (41/74) had good responses, 8.11% (6/74) had moderate responses, and 2.70% (2/74) had poor responses. Local discomfort and systemic complications were not found. There was no significant difference in gender and location of occurrence among groups (p > 0.05), and the effect of topical application of betaxolol was optimum in the children aged 0–3 months (p = 0.002). None of three age groups had statistically significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure after accepting treatment (1 month, p = 0.618; 4 months, p = 0.138; 6 months, p = 0.757).ConclusionsOur study showed that topical administration of betaxolol was effective and well tolerated for superficial infantile hemangiomas, particularly in the early proliferative stage. However, its safety and efficacy need further research.
SSR genotypes of Puccinia triticina in 10 provinces of China reveal a possible source of the wheat leaf rust fungus
Authors: Xia Xiaoshuang , Li Hongfu , Liu Bo , Gao Li , Chen Wanquan , Liu Taiguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWheat leaf rust is a fungal disease caused by Puccinia triticina and spread by wind. In recent years, with changes in the climate and farming systems, damage caused by wheat leaf rust has become increasingly severe. To study the genetic structure of P. triticina populations in China and provide a basis for control of wheat leaf rust, collections of P. triticina were obtained from Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces in 2019. A total of 177 single uredinial isolates were tested with 13 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) primers. The results showed that there was frequent gene exchange within P. triticina populations in China, but a distinct population divergence was also revealed between those in Xinjiang and Yunnan provinces. Results also suggested that Inner Mongolia might be a source of P. triticina for other regions. In addition, the linkage disequilibrium test indicated that the P. triticina populations reproduced by clonal production of urediniospores.