bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of support for corporate social responsibility: what matters most to Brazilian business leaders
Authors: Gimenes Fernanda Sousa , Souza Piao Roberta 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the drivers prompting business leaders to support corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
The research design selected is a qualitative exploratory multiple-case approach. Data were collected through 16 in-depth interviews with leaders of Brazilian companies.

Findings
Evidence is found that the main drivers prompting leaders to support CSR in Brazilian companies are linked to firm performance (economic opportunities and risk management) rather than ethical or external drivers (national policies and stakeholder pressure). In addition to this, the study identifies that for Brazilian business leaders, CSR practices have little to do with individual responsibility and personal fulfilment, but rather with a search for better overall effectiveness of the firm.

Originality/value
This study adds to a relevant and increasing body of literature on organisational behaviour from a societal perspective, offering an understanding of what catalyses organisations to engage in CSR practices.
Effect of Cu, Ni, Ag addition on creeping properties of Sn5Sb-0.5Cu-0.1Ni-0.5Ag for high temperature packaging
Authors: Han Bangyao , Sun Fenglian , Zhang Chi , Wang Xinlei 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effect of the Cu, Ni and Ag addition in Sn5Sb-based alloy on the mechanical properties and its mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
The micro-indentation, creeping test of the Cu/Sn5Sb–0.5Cu–0.1Ni–0.5Ag/Cu and Cu/Sn–5Sb/Cu were conducted, and its microstructure was analysed. The scanning electron microscope and the metallographic microscope characterized the microstructure of the Sn5Sb–0.5Cu–0.1Ni–0.5Ag/Cu and Sn–5Sb/Cu joints.

Findings
The microstructure of Cu/Sn5Sb–0.5Cu–0.1Ni–0.5Ag/Cu is distributed with the fine (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs), whereas the Cu6Sn5 and Sn3Sb2 in Cu/Sn–5Sb/Cu is larger and far more less. This investigation reveals that the addition of the Cu, Ni and Ag elements reinforced mechanical properties and provided a technical basis for the development of Sn–Sb alloy with good mechanical properties.

Originality/value
This paper reveals that the hardness and the modulus of the bulk solder Cu/Sn–5Sb/Cu solder joints were improved with the addition of Cu, Ni and Ag trace elements. Meanwhile, the creep resistance and plasticity were also improved. This study has a great value for exploring high-performance Sn–Sb based solder alloy and has proved an example.
E‐participation for combating corruption, increasing voice and accountability, and developing government effectiveness: A cross‐country data analysis
Authors: Waheduzzaman Wahed , Khandaker Sarod 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe national‐level data extracted from the World Bank, Transparency International, and the United Nations databases were analysed in this study to examine the contribution of e‐participation in improving governance factors through its influence on corruption, voice and accountability, and government effectiveness. The analysis has provided a mixed outcome in improving governance through e‐participation, showing a significant relationship between e‐participation and corruption‐perception, and government effectiveness. Meanwhile, the relationships between e‐participation and voice and accountability are insignificant. This finding indicates that the present form of e‐participation in ensuring citizens’ voices for holding service providers accountable may have some limitations. The findings have implications for international organisations and government institutions to redesign their e‐participation methods and tools to warrant citizens’ voice and ensure accountability of service providers at the national level.
Diverse responses ofpqqC‐ andphoD‐harbouring bacterial communities to variation in soil properties of Moso bamboo forests
Authors: Shi Wenhui , Xing Yijing , Zhu Ying , Gao Ning , Ying Yeqing 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPhosphate‐mobilizing bacteria (PMB) play a critical role in the regulation of phosphorus availability in the soil. The microbial genespqqCandphoDencode pyrroloquinoline quinone synthase and bacterial alkaline phosphatase, respectively, which regulate inorganic and organic phosphorus mobilization, and are therefore used as PMB markers. We examined the effects of soil properties in three Moso bamboo forest sites on the PMB communities that were profiled using high‐throughput sequencing. We observed differentiated responses ofpqqC‐ andphoD‐harbouring PMB communities to various soil conditions. There was significant variation among the sites in the diversity and structure of thephoD‐harbouring community, which correlated with variation in phosphorus levels and non‐capillary porosity; soil organic carbon and soil water content also affected the structure of thephoD‐harbouring community. However, no significant difference in the diversity ofpqqC‐harbouring community was observed among different sites, while the structure of thepqqC‐harbouring bacteria community was affected by soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen, but not soil phosphorus levels. Overall, changes in soil conditions affected thephoD‐harbouring community more than thepqqC‐harbouring community. These findings provide a new insight to explore the effects of soil conditions on microbial communities that solubilize inorganic phosphate and mineralize organic phosphate.
Enhancing the capability of Klebsiella pneumoniae to produce 1, 3‐propanediol by overexpression and regulation through CRISPR‐dCas9
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Lin , Liang Shaoxiong , Yin Ying , Wang Pan , Li Yicao , Chin Wee Shong , Xu Jianwei , Wen Jianping 
Published: March 2022

SummaryKlebsiella pneumoniae is a common strain of bacterial fermentation to produce 1, 3‐propanediol (1, 3‐PDO). In general, the production of 1, 3‐PDO by wild‐type K. pneumoniae is relatively low. Therefore, a new gene manipulation of K. pneumoniae was developed to improve the production of 1, 3‐PDO by overexpressing in the reduction pathway and attenuating the by‐products in the oxidation pathway. Firstly, dhaB and/or dhaT were overexpressed in the reduction pathway. Considering the cost of IPTG, the constitutive promoter P32 was selected to express the key gene. By comparing K.P. pET28a‐P32‐dhaT with the original strain, the production of 1, 3‐PDO was increased by 19.7%, from 12.97 to 15.53 g l−1 (in a 250 ml shaker flask). Secondly, three lldD and budC regulatory sites were selected in the by‐product pathway, respectively, using the CRISPR‐dCas9 system, and the optimal regulatory sites were selected following the 1, 3‐PDO production. As a result, the 1, 3‐PDO production by K.P. L1‐pRH2521 and K.P. B3‐pRH2521 reached up to 19.16 and 18.74 g l−1, which was increased by 47.7% and 44.5% respectively. Overexpressing dhaT and inhibiting expression of lldD and budC were combined to further enhance the ability of K. pneumoniae to produce 1, 3‐PDO. The 1, 3‐PDO production by K.P. L1‐B3‐PRH2521‐P32‐dhaT reached 57.85 g l−1 in a 7.5 l fermentation tank (with Na+ neutralizer), which is higher than that of the original strain. This is the first time that the 1, 3‐PDO production was improved in K. pneumoniae by overexpressing the key gene and attenuating by‐product synthesis in the CRISPR‐dCas9 system. This study reports an efficient approach to regulate the expression of genes in K. pneumoniae to increase the 1, 3‐PDO production, and such a strategy may be useful to modify other strains to produce valuable chemicals.
Inhibition of unfolded protein response prevents post‐anesthesia neuronal hyperactivity and synapse loss in aged mice
Authors: Chen Kai , Hu Qiuping , Gupta Riya , Stephens Jessie , Xie Zhongcong , Yang Guang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDelirium is the most common postoperative complication in older patients after prolonged anesthesia and surgery and is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and dementia. The neuronal pathogenesis of postoperative delirium is largely unknown. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive reaction of cells to perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum function. Dysregulation of UPR has been implicated in a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, whether UPR plays a role in anesthesia‐induced cognitive impairment remains unexplored. By performing in vivo calcium imaging in the mouse frontal cortex, we showed that exposure of aged mice to the inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane for 2 hours resulted in a marked elevation of neuronal activity during recovery, which lasted for at least 24 hours after the end of exposure. Concomitantly, sevoflurane anesthesia caused a prolonged increase in phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α, the markers of UPR activation. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PERK prevented neuronal hyperactivity and memory impairment induced by sevoflurane. Moreover, we showed that PERK suppression also reversed various molecular and synaptic changes induced by sevoflurane anesthesia, including alterations of synaptic NMDA receptors, tau protein phosphorylation, and dendritic spine loss. Together, these findings suggest that sevoflurane anesthesia causes abnormal UPR in the aged brain, which contributes to neuronal hyperactivity, synapse loss and cognitive decline in aged mice.
Spatial patterns of stand structure and canopy disturbance in a fire‐maintainedPinus palustriswoodland
Authors: Phillips David L. , Goode J. Davis , Hart Justin L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuestionStand structural complexity is increasingly valued by forest managers to promote resilience, and quantitative spatial data from reference stands can help achieve these goals. We questioned how stand structural elements were spatially distributed across aPinus palustriswoodland. Specifically, we sought to quantify patterns of individual trees, tree clumps, openings, and canopy disturbance and examine spatial relationships betweenP. palustrissaplings andP. palustrisandQuercusspp. trees.LocationFall Line Hills, Alabama, USA (32°56′12′′ N, 87°25′37′′ W).MethodsWe recorded tree species, diameter, age, and location of all trees, and reconstructed canopy disturbance events across a 1‐ha site in aP. palustriswoodland. We used global point pattern analysis (g(r)function) and a local spatial classification method (individuals, clumps, and openings) to examine the distribution of stand structural elements and canopy disturbance.ResultsTrees were generally clustered by taxa and diameter.Pinus palustrissaplings exhibited no spatial relationship withP. palustristrees, but were clustered aroundQuercustrees at variable distances. Approximately half of the trees in the stand occurred in large clumps, and ca. 10% of trees occurred as individuals that did not touch crowns with neighbors. For three of the five disturbance periods, canopy disturbances were clustered in space at various distances.ConclusionsSpatial randomness and clustering of structural elements and canopy disturbance events were evident across the reference site. The spatial patterns of stand structure quantified here, in conjunction with data from other georeferenced studies, can be used to develop silvicultural guidelines to enhance structural complexity and promote resilience.
The respiratory depressant effects of mitragynine are limited by its conversion to 7‐OH mitragynine
Authors: Hill Rob , Kruegel Andrew C. , Javitch Jonathan A. , Lane J. Robert , Canals Meritxell 
Published: March 2022

Background and PurposeMitragynine, the major alkaloid in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), is a partial agonist at the μ opioid receptor. CYP3A‐dependent oxidation of mitragynine yields the metabolite 7‐OH mitragynine, a more efficacious μ receptor agonist. While both mitragynine and 7‐OH mitragynine can induce anti‐nociception in mice, recent evidence suggests that 7‐OH mitragynine formed as a metabolite is sufficient to explain the anti‐nociceptive effects of mitragynine. However, the ability of 7‐OH mitragynine to induce μ receptor‐dependent respiratory depression has not yet been studied.Experimental ApproachRespiration was measured in awake, freely moving, male CD‐1 mice, using whole body plethysmography. Anti‐nociception was measured using the hot plate assay. Morphine, mitragynine, 7‐OH mitragynine and the CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole were administered orally.Key ResultsThe respiratory depressant effects of mitragynine showed a ceiling effect, whereby doses higher than 10 mg·kg−1 produced the same level of effect. In contrast, 7‐OH mitragynine induced a dose‐dependent effect on mouse respiration. At equi‐depressant doses, both mitragynine and 7‐OH mitragynine induced prolonged anti‐nociception. Inhibition of CYP3A reduced mitragynine‐induced respiratory depression and anti‐nociception without affecting the effects of 7‐OH mitragynine.Conclusions and ImplicationsBoth the anti‐nociceptive effects and the respiratory depressant effects of mitragynine are partly due to its metabolic conversion to 7‐OH mitragynine. The limiting rate of conversion of mitragynine into its active metabolite results in a built‐in ceiling effect of the mitragynine‐induced respiratory depression. These data suggest that such ‘metabolic saturation’ at high doses may underlie the improved safety profile of mitragynine as an opioid analgesic.
High glucose‐mediated VPS26a down‐regulation dysregulates neuronal amyloid precursor protein processing and tau phosphorylation
Authors: Chae Chang Woo , Choi Gee Euhn , Jung Young Hyun , Lim Jae Ryong , Cho Ji Hyeon , Yoon Jee Hyeon , Han Ho Jae 
Published: March 2022

Background and PurposeThe relationship between hyperglycaemia‐induced retromer dysfunction impairing intracellular trafficking and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear, although diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for AD. Here, we investigated the effects of high glucose on the retromer and defined the dysregulation of mechanisms of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and tau phosphorylation.Experimental ApproachWe used human induced‐pluripotent stem cell‐derived neuronal differentiated cells and SH‐SY5Ys exposed to high glucose to identify the underlying mechanisms. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice were used to elucidate whether the retromer contributes to the AD‐like pathology.Key ResultsWe found that vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 26a (VPS26a) was decreased in the hippocampus of diabetic mice and high glucose‐treated human neuronal cells. High glucose down‐regulated VPS26a through ROS/NF‐κB/DNA methyltransferase1‐mediated promoter hypermethylation. VPS26a recovery blocked retention of APP and cation‐independent mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor in endosomes and promoted transport to the trans‐Golgi, which decreased Aβ levels, and improved cathepsin D activity, reducing p‐tau levels, respectively. Retromer enhancement ameliorated synaptic deficits, astrocyte over‐activation, and cognitive impairment in diabetic mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn conclusion, VPS26a is a promising candidate for the inhibition of DM‐associated AD pathogenesis by modulating APP processing and tau phosphorylation.
The heterogeneous effects of COVID‐19 on Canadian household consumption, debt and savings
Authors: MacGee James , Pugh Thomas Michael , See Kurt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper develops an agent‐based model to quantify the impact of COVID‐19 on household debt and savings. To build a representative cross‐section of households that vary by income, debt portfolios and consumption baskets, we merge data from the Survey of Household Spending and the Survey of Financial Security. We construct paths for consumption and employment over the crisis, accounting for heterogeneous risk of unemployment across demographics, government transfers, and substitution between expenditure categories that vary in contact intensity. Our model simulations yield a heterogeneous effect of COVID‐19 across the income distribution. Low‐income households face the highest risk of unemployment, but transfers provide generous income replacement. Middle‐income job losers see the fastest rise in debt because transfers only partially replace lost income. Most unplanned savings are accumulated by high‐income households that face lower risk of unemployment and larger declines in hard‐to‐distance spending. We find the rise in savings could generate a brief jump of nearly 6% of monthly consumption.
High PD‐L1 level of advanced hepatic lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma response favorably to lenvatinib plus toripalimab
Authors: Zhu Yueting , Dang Zhuyi , Xu Hang , Yuan Yunlong , Chen Ye , Li Zhiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) is an uncommon subtype of primary liver cancer with predominant lymphocyte infiltration and a relatively favorable outcome. However, no standard treatment for advanced hepatic LELC has been established. Here, we give a first report of a 60‐year‐old man with advanced hepatic LELC who had a high expression of PD‐L1 in tumor cells and a high level of tumor‐infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). After receiving six cycles of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (rTKI) with lenvatinib plus PD‐1 inhibitor toripalimab treatment, the patient achieved persistent partial response (PR). Our report indicates that advanced hepatic LELC with high expression of PD‐L1 may benefit from the combination of rTKI and PD‐L1/PD‐1 blockade. Therefore, this potential strategy should be considered when treating those rare liver cancers.
Protective and risk activities for emotional and behavioural well‐being of children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Nicolì Ilaria , Spinelli Maria , Lionetti Francesca , Logrieco Maria Grazia , Fasolo Mirco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe lockdown imposed to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic brought deep changes in the daily life of Italian children and adolescents, increasing the time spent at home. This study aims to explore how activities that children and adolescents carried out at home during the lockdown were related to their emotional and behavioural well‐being.MethodParents completed an anonymous online survey on how much time their children and adolescents dedicated to social networks, solitary screen time, play time and to a series of parent–child dyadic activities. They also reported on their offspring's emotional difficulties and behavioural problems.ResultsThe use of social networks had a negative impact on children's emotional difficulties, while it promoted well‐being in adolescents. Pertaining to solitary screen activities, these were associated with more behavioural problems in both children and adolescents. Regarding parent–child dyadic activities, get along with the parent was associated with less emotional difficulties and behavioural problems in children and with less behavioural problems in adolescents. Furthermore, for adolescents, the more they talked with the parent, the less behavioural problems they evidenced.ConclusionThe current study may help to identify activities that could be promoted and those that should be limited to effectively menage home time, in order to ultimately safeguard the emotional and behavioural well‐being of children and adolescents.
The role of keratinized mucosa width as a risk factor for peri‐implant disease: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Arena Claudia , Tattan Mustafa , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Troiano Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have examined the benefit of having keratinized peri‐implant mucosa width with mixed results.PurposeThis study examines whether the lack of a prespecified (2 mm) amount of keratinized mucosa width (KMW) is a risk factor for peri‐implant diseases.MethodsA systematic electronic and manual search of randomized or nonrandomized controlled or noncontrolled clinical trials was conducted. Qualitative review, quantitative meta‐analysis, and trial sequence analysis (TSA) of implants inserted at sites with <2 mm or ≥2 mm of KMW were analyzed to compare all the predetermined outcome variables. The level of evidence concerning the role of KMW in peri‐implant health was evaluated via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system guide.ResultsNine studies were included in the qualitative analysis and four in the meta‐analysis and TSA. No significant inter‐group difference (p > 0.05) and a low power of evidence were found for probing depth, soft‐tissue recession, and marginal bone loss. A significant difference favoring ≥2 mm KMW had a lower mean plaque index (MD = 0.37, 95% CI: [0.16, 0.58], p = 0.002) (3 studies, 430 implants, low‐quality evidence). GRADE system showed very low and low quality of evidence for all other outcome measures.ConclusionBased on the available studies, the impact of amount of KMW (either <2 mm or ≥ 2 mm) as a risk factor for developing peri‐implant disease remains low. Future control studies with proper sample size and longer follow‐up are needed to further validate current findings.
Comparison of textbook versus three‐dimensional animation versus cadaveric training videos in teaching laparoscopic rectal surgery: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Benlice Cigdem , Elcircevi Ala , Kutlu Burak , Dogan Celal Deha , Acar Halil Ibrahim , Kuzu Mehmet Ayhan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the effectiveness of various educational tools in laparoscopic rectal surgery, including surgical textbooks, animation and cadaveric videos.MethodInitially, an electronic assessment test assessing knowledge of laparoscopic rectal surgery was created and validated. The test was sent to graduates completing a general surgery residency programme in Turkey, who were then randomized into four groups based on the type of study material. After a 4 week study period, the volunteers were asked to answer the same electronic assessment test imported into an edited live laparoscopic rectal surgery video. Pre‐ and posteducation assessment tests among the groups were compared.ResultsA total of 168 volunteers completed the pre‐education assessment test and were randomized into four groups. Pre‐education assessment test scores were similar among the groups (p > 0.05). Of 168 volunteers, 130 (77.3%) completed the posteducation assessment test. Posteducation assessment test scores were significantly higher in the three‐dimensional (3D) animation + cadaveric video group (p < 0.01), the 3D animation group (p < 0.01) and the cadaveric group (p < 0.01) compared with the textbook group. Moreover, posteducation assessment test scores were significantly higher in the 3D animation + cadaveric video group than the 3D animation group (p < 0.01). Each group’s posteducation assessment test scores were significantly higher than the pre‐education assessment test scores, with the exception of the textbook group.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that 3D animation + cadaveric videos, 3D animation alone and cadaveric videos are all superior to a surgical textbook when teaching laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Finally, our results show that 3D animation and cadaveric videos are also superior to textbooks in enabling an understanding of rectal surgery.