bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to investigate muscle target‐specific transcriptional signatures of single motor neurons
Authors: Berki Bianka , Sacher Fabio , Fages Antoine , Tschopp Patrick , Luxey Maëva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMotor neurons in the vertebrate spinal cord have long served as a paradigm to study the transcriptional logic of cell type specification and differentiation. At limb levels, pool‐specific transcriptional signatures first restrict innervation to only one particular muscle in the periphery, and get refined, once muscle connection has been established. Accordingly, to study the transcriptional dynamics and specificity of the system, a method for establishing muscle target‐specific motor neuron transcriptomes would be required.ResultsTo investigate target‐specific transcriptional signatures of single motor neurons, here we combine ex‐ovo retrograde axonal labeling in mid‐gestation chicken embryos with manual isolation of individual fluorescent cells and Smart‐seq2 single‐cell RNA‐sequencing. We validate our method by injecting the dorsal extensor metacarpi radialis and ventral flexor digiti quarti wing muscles and harvesting a total of 50 fluorescently labeled cells, in which we detect up to 12,000 transcribed genes. Additionally, we present visual cues and cDNA metrics predictive of sequencing success.ConclusionsOur method provides a unique approach to study muscle target‐specific motor neuron transcriptomes at a single‐cell resolution. We anticipate that our method will provide key insights into the transcriptional logic underlying motor neuron pool specialization and proper neuromuscular circuit assembly and refinement.
Cyanobacterial mats as benthic reservoirs and vectors for coral black band disease pathogens
Authors: Cissell Ethan C. , Eckrich Caren E. , McCoy Sophie J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe concurrent rise in the prevalence of conspicuous benthic cyanobacterial mats and the incidence of coral diseases independently mark major axes of degradation of coral reefs globally. Recent advances have uncovered the potential for the existence of interactions between the expanding cover of cyanobacterial mats and coral disease, especially black band disease (BBD), and this intersection represents both an urgent conservation concern and a critical challenge for future research. Here, we propose links between the transmission of BBD and benthic cyanobacterial mats. We provide molecular and ecophysiological evidence suggesting that cyanobacterial mats may create and maintain physically favorable benthic refugia for BBD pathogens while directly harboring BBD precursor assemblages, and discuss how mats may serve as direct (mediated via contact) and indirect (mediated via predator–prey–pathogen relationships) vectors for BBD pathogens. Finally, we identify and outline future priority research directions that are aligned with actionable management practices and priorities to support evidence‐based coral conservation practices.
Use of marine vs. freshwater proteins for egg‐laying and incubation by sea ducks breeding in Arctic tundra
Authors: Miller Micah W. C. , Lovvorn James R. , Graff Nathan R. , Stellrecht Neesha C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding dietary nutrient sources is fundamental to conserving sensitive species, especially as climate change alters food web dynamics. Migratory species that depend on both marine and terrestrial habitats face unique challenges, as the locations and quality of resources in the two realms may respond quite differently to environmental changes, with potential for spatial and temporal carryover effects. For sea ducks (Mergini) that winter at sea but move inland to breed, body size may determine their capacity to store nutrient reserves for later use in alternative habitats. We assessed ultimate sources of protein for reproduction in four sea duck species in northern Alaska: smaller‐bodied Long‐tailed Ducks and Steller's Eiders (Clangula hyemalis and Polysticta stelleri), and larger‐bodied Spectacled and King Eiders (Somateria fischeri and Somateria spectabilis). To assess the relative use of local freshwater foods vs. marine protein for both egg production and body maintenance of incubating females, we measured stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in egg membranes, red blood cells, marine and freshwater invertebrates, and vegetation. For egg production, isotope mixing models indicated that proteinaceous egg membranes of all four species were derived mostly (89%–95%) from freshwater foods on the breeding grounds, with broad individual variation in specific prey types selected by the larger species. For incubation, isotopes in red blood cells indicated that body maintenance of females also relied mainly (87%–91%) on freshwater foods in Long‐tailed Ducks and Steller's Eiders. However, incubating Spectacled and King Eiders obtained only about 60% of their protein from freshwater foods and the remainder from marine‐derived body tissues. The latter strategy allows the larger‐bodied species to incubate almost continuously, whereas the smaller species must take more frequent incubation breaks and generally incur higher rates of predation on eggs. Thus, depending on body size, cross‐seasonal effects of feeding conditions in marine habitats may strongly influence population processes well after the birds move to inland nesting sites. Although conservation programs on land and sea are often researched, planned, and administered by different agencies and organizations, our results emphasize the need to coordinate marine and land‐based efforts for species that integrate conditions across both environments.
Profiles and treatment patterns of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension on monotherapy at experienced centres
Authors: Wissmüller Max , Xanthouli Panagiota , Benjamin Nicola , Grünig Ekkehard , Richter Manuel J. , Gall Henning , Ghofrani Hossein Ardeschir , Herkenrath Simon , Skowasch Dirk , Pizarro Carmen , Halank Michael , Hohmann Christopher , Hellmich Martin , Gerhardt Felix , Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsGuideline recommendations highlight the critical role of combination therapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Conversely, registry data demonstrate that a considerable number of PAH patients remain on monotherapy. The reasons for this discrepancy remain elusive. The aim of this study was to assess the patient profiles, treatment patterns, and disease characteristics of patients diagnosed with PAH who were kept on monotherapy at experienced pulmonary hypertension (PH) centres and to capture potential reasons for monotherapy.Methods and resultsWe analysed the patient profiles of 182 patients on monotherapy with PAH‐targeted drugs, managed at experienced PH expert centres (Cologne, Giessen, Heidelberg, and Dresden). Patients were identified based on their latest follow‐up visit and analysed retrospectively from the time of PAH diagnosis to last follow‐up. Patients were dichotomized by age, and patient characteristics, treatment patterns, response to therapy, change in risk status, and drug tolerability were recorded during the course of their disease. Patients' mean age was 69.1 ± 13.1 years at the most recent follow‐up (Key Time Point 1) and 64.5 ± 14.9 years at the time of diagnosis (Key Time Point 2). The mean time on monotherapy was 60.7 ± 53.8 months; 35.7/64.3% of patients were male/female. The majority (66.5%) had idiopathic PAH, followed by PAH associated with connective tissue disease (17.0%) and portopulmonary PH (8.2%). Among patients on monotherapy, there were five main clusters: (i) patients with failed escalation attempts mostly because of intolerability (26.9%); (ii) low risk on monotherapy, favourable response, and no reason for escalation (24.2%); (iii) patients with mild PAH (36.3%); (iv) elderly patients with PAH and multiple co‐morbidities (38.5%); and (v) patients with associated forms of PAH where the level of evidence for combination therapies is considered low (16.5%). There were substantial differences between patients above or below the median age (68 years). The most frequently used monotherapy for PAH was phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (75.3%).ConclusionsA considerable number of PAH patients are on monotherapy at large PH expert centres, characterized by specific reasons that justify this kind of treatment. Nevertheless, as comprehensive treatment strategies have shown improved long‐term outcomes even in mildly symptomatic patients, each case of monotherapy should be justified.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C−H Olefination of Polyfluoroarenes with Alkenyl Tosylates
Authors: Yee Ka Yee , Leung Man Pan , Tse Man Ho , Choy Pui Ying , Kwong Fuk Yee 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe first general examples of palladium‐catalyzed direct C−H olefination of polyfluoroarenes using alkenyl tosylates as electrophilic coupling partners are presented. By employing the Pd/L1 catalyst system (L1=N‐methyl‐2‐(2’,4’‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐dicyclohexylphosphinoindole), the olefinated polyfluoroarenes can be obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields. Good structural and functional compatibility are also exhibited. In particular, the steric demanding and heterocyclic alkenyl tosylates react smoothly under this catalyst system. This reaction can be practicably performed on a gram‐scale without significantly loss of product yields.
Amperometric Detection of Ethanol Vapors by Screen Printed Electrodes Modified by Paper Crowns Soaked with Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zuliani Ivan , Fattori Andrea , Svigelj Rossella , Dossi Nicolò , Grazioli Cristian , Bontempelli Gino , Toniolo Rosanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA convenient assembly recently proposed for screen printed gold electrodes (SPEs) suitable for measurements in gaseous samples is here tested for the analysis of the ethanol content in alcoholic drinks. This assembly involves the use of a circular crown of filter paper, soaked in the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, which is simply placed upon a disposable screen printed cell, so as to contact the outer edge of the gold disc working electrode, as well as peripheral counter and reference electrodes. The electrical contact between the paper crown soaked in RTIL and the SPE electrode is assured by a gasket and all components are installed in a polylactic acid holder. This assembly provides a portable and disposable electrochemical platform, assembled by the easy immobilization onto a porous and inexpensive supporting material such as paper of a RTIL characterized by profitable electrical conductivity and negligible vapor pressure. The electroanalytical performance of this device was assayed for the flow injection analysis of the ethanol concentration in some real samples of wine and beer and the results obtained are compared with the alcoholic degree reported in the relevant bottle‐labels, thus highlighting a substantially satisfactory agreement. Repeatable sharp peaks (RSD=6–8 %) were detected for ethanol over a wide linear range (1–20 % v/v in water) and a detection and quantitation limit of 0.55 % v/v and 1.60 % v/v were inferred for a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 and 10, respectively.
Forensic efficacy evaluation and genetic structure exploration of the Yunnan Miao group by a multiplex InDel panel
Authors: Chen Xuebing , Nie Shengjie , Hu Liping , Fang Yating , Cui Wei , Xu Hui , Zhao Congying , Zhu Bo‐Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to better understand the genetic characteristics of the Miao group in China. Herein, genetic characteristics and forensic application values of 57 autosomal insertion–deletion (InDel) loci were investigated in 210 unrelated healthy individuals from the Chinese Yunnan Miao (YM) group. Meanwhile, the genetic differences in these InDels were compared among the YM group and 26 reference populations. The results of forensic statistical analyses showed that all 57 autosomal InDels were in accordance with the Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibria of pairwise loci in the Chinese YM group. Moreover, the combined probability of discrimination and probability of exclusion in the YM group were 0.9999999999999999999999801 and 0.999928, respectively, which indicated that the multiplex amplification including 57 autosomal InDels was suitable for forensic individual identification and paternity testing in the Chinese YM group. In addition, the results of allelic frequency distribution differential analyses, principal component analyses, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, and genetic structure analyses between the Chinese YM group and 26 reference populations revealed that the genetic similarities between the YM group and East Asian populations were more than that between the YM group and other geographical populations. This 57 autosomal InDels system can also effectively distinguish East Asian, European, and African populations.
Research on the sneak circuit analysis method of a thermal system based on energy flow
Authors: Shen Xiaoyu , Yao Shouguang , Wang Mengdi , Huang Xinyu , Luo Jianguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBased on the energy flow analysis method, this paper establishes the relationship between the heat accumulator and the thermal system from the perspective of heat transfer. Different types of heat accumulators are converted into different equivalent models based on energy flow, the existing sneak circuit analysis methods based on energy flow are optimized, and the starting point and end point of path search are redefined. The energy flow‐based correlation method proposed in this paper is applied to a system with two different types of heat accumulators. The results show that the sneak circuit analysis method based on energy flow proposed in this paper can search for more paths and discover new sneak circuits on the basis of the original method. Therefore, the new method is feasible and effective.
Hybrid large‐eddy simulation with adaptive downstream anisotropic eddy viscosity model
Authors: Zhang Wanjia , Shih Tom I‐P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTurbulence pervades most flows of engineering interest, and its prediction remains a challenge on both accuracy and cost. One promising predictive approach that reduces cost combines large‐eddy simulation (LES) with simulation based on Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS). This study presents a method to overcome stability and accuracy issues associated with these hybrid LES‐RANS methods. The method developed involves extracting the Reynolds stresses from the upstream LES solution and then using that information to convert the downstream RANS model from a scalar eddy‐viscosity model to an anisotropic nonlinear eddy‐viscosity model. The method developed differs from the downstream tensorial eddy‐viscosity model by being independent of the coordinate system. The method developed was evaluated by computing film cooling of a flat plate with the coolant injected through one row of circular holes. Results obtained show instabilities at the LES‐to‐RANS interface to be eliminated. Also, the method developed yielded solutions that compare reasonably well with those from LES, even though a significant portion of the flow is computed by the adapted anisotropic RANS model instead of LES, which significantly reduced the number of grid points and computational time needed. Since modification of the downstream RANS model is based on information extracted from the upstream LES solution, the method developed is adaptive to the problem being studied.
Managing Small Fish at Large Scales: The Emergence of Regional Policies for River Herring in the Eastern United States
Authors: Kritzer Jacob P , Hall Carolyn J , Hoppe Bruce , Ogden Curtis , Cournane Jamie M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Anadromous Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis, collectively known as “river herring,” provide ecosystem services to coastal communities in the Eastern United States. Despite traditions of community-based stewardship, many populations exhibit long-term declines. Their name notwithstanding, river herring spend most of their lives at sea and stray among natal rivers. Therefore, absence of management above individual rivers can compromise population viability, local conservation investments, and ecosystem services. Large-scale management in the USA was achieved for the first time during 2007–2015 by amending three Fishery Management Plans and creating a broader River Herring Conservation Plan following an Endangered Species Act petition. Concurrently, an international restoration plan for river herring in the St. Croix River on the USA–Canada border was adopted. A survey of stakeholder organizations in New England during this period revealed widespread concern for stressors managed at different scales, but that most action was directed locally. Stakeholder collaboration networks were clustered within states and around loose regional hubs, matching the scales of stakeholder concerns and actions. Unfortunately, river herring face growing threats linked to climate change, effects of which will be felt at local and regional scales, while effective mitigation will require actions at national and global scales.
A review on the solid–liquid–vapor phase equilibria of acid gases in methane
Authors: Ababneh Hani , Al‐Muhtaseb Shaheen A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn spite of the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and their impact on the environment, the demand for natural/biogas will increase significantly in the coming few decades. To cover this demand, the global energy industry is continuously exploiting sour gas reserves located around the world. Nonetheless, sour gas has to be sweetened before the practical utilization of natural or biogas. The cryogenic separation technologies have emerged as a new technology to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S gases) from natural/biogas. The cryogenic separation produces less harmful gases, and can be less expensive to operate and maintain in comparison to the conventional technologies. To design cryogenic separation equipment, vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE), solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE), solid–vapor equilibrium (SVE), and solid–liquid–vapor equilibrium (SLVE) data for the corresponding binary systems (of CH4‐CO2, CH4‐H2S, and H2S‐CO2) and ternary system (of CH4‐H2S‐CO2) are required. The main target of this article is to review the SLVE data for the acid gases (CO2 and H2S) in methane (CH4) as the main constituent of natural/biogas. It will address SLVE data for the binary systems of CH4‐CO2, CH4‐H2S and H2S‐CO2 as well as the ternary system of CH4‐H2S‐CO2. It will not only address the available laboratory data, but it will also discuss, compare and evaluate the different models used to correlate/predict these data. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolutionary trends of health inequality among elderly Chinese people and influencing factors of these trends from 2005 to 2017
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Duan Yanan , He Yuhang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReducing health inequality and ensuring national health equity have become issues of great concern to all countries in the world. This paper based on the ordered Probit model and concentrated index decomposition method, analysed the influencing factors and evolution trend of health inequality among the elderly with high age in China from 2005 to 2017. The study found that in 2005–2017, the self‐rated health distribution of the elderly with high age in China showed an obvious inverted “U” shape, with the proportion of general and relatively healthy being the largest, while the proportion of unhealthy and very healthy was lower. Lifestyle, family income, and age were the main important factors to expand health inequality. Therefore, encouraging the elderly with high age to develop good living habits and narrowing the income gap of the elderly are conducive to solving the health inequality of the elderly with high age and achieving the goals of active ageing and healthy ageing.
The influence mechanism of psychological contract on primary medical staff's turnover intention in the context of COVID‐19 pandemic in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Xin , Chen Chen , Wang Yuxuan , Shindo Kenyiti , Zhang Xiaojin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis research aims to study the influence mechanism of psychological contract on the turnover intention of primary medical staff in the context of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) fighting.MethodsSix hundred and fifteen primary medical staff from 13 primary health care institutions in Jianghan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China were selected by random sampling. Psychological contract, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention questionnaires were adjusted appropriately according to research needs, and 5‐point Likert scale was used to measure.ResultsNormal, interpersonal, and developmental contracts were negatively associated with turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion mediated the effects of interpersonal and developmental contracts on turnover intention.ConclusionThe government should establish a long‐term incentive mechanism for primary medical staff, fully recognise the work of them in fighting against COVID‐19, pay close attention to the psychological state of them, and carry out timely and effective psychological intervention to alleviate their emotional exhaustion and reduce their turnover intention.
Addressing equity and access to care: How an academic family medicine practice manages human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, and substance use disorders in rural Appalachia
Authors: Calandra Julia , Shukla Shuchin , Grandy Rebecca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRural populations struggle with health care access and are influenced by social determinants of health, lack of available resources, and fragmented care. Longstanding disparity and inequity have led to increased prevalence and poor outcomes of preventable and treatable disease states, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C, and substance use disorders (SUD). This article describes how an academic family medicine center addresses access to care in a rural population with a high prevalence of HIV, hepatitis C, and SUD. The goal is to provide strategies that other practice sites could use to develop and expand their own services to enhance equity and improve outcomes in this patient population. Strategies include co‐locating medical services to address multiple needs in one visit, leveraging telehealth to reduce barriers to care, utilizing multidisciplinary teams to promote comprehensive care, collaborating with community partners to address social determinants of health, and training health care learners to increase capacity and sustainability. The role of the pharmacist is highlighted as a leader of a team‐based interdisciplinary care model that can meet complex patients' comprehensive care needs.