bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brainstem Auditory Physiology in Children with Listening Difficulties
Authors: Hunter Lisa L. , Blankenship Chelsea M. , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara , Hood Linda , Zadeh Lina Motlagh , Moore David R. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTChildren who have listening difficulties (LiD) despite having normal audiometry are often diagnosed as having an auditory processing disorder (APD). A lack of evidence regarding involvement of specific auditory mechanisms has limited development of effective treatments for these children. Here, we examined electrophysiologic evidence for brainstem pathway mechanisms in children with and without defined LiD. We undertook a prospective controlled study of 132 children aged 6-14 years with normal pure tone audiometry, grouped into LiD (n=63) or Typically Developing (TD; n=69) based on scores on the Evaluation of Children’s Listening and Processing Skills (ECLiPS), a validated caregiver report. The groups were matched on age at test, sex, race, and ethnicity. Neither group had diagnoses of major neurologic disorder, intellectual disability, or brain injuries. Both groups received a test battery designed to measure receptive speech perception against distractor speech, Listening in Spatialized Noise - Sentences (LiSN-S), along with multiple neurophysiologic measures that tap afferent and efferent auditory subcortical pathways. Group analysis showed that participants with LiD performed significantly more poorly on all subtests of the LiSN-S. The LiD group had significantly steeper wideband middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR) growth functions and shorter Wave III, Wave V, and I-V interpeak latencies in their auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Across individual participants, shorter latency ABR Wave V correlated significantly with poorer parent report of LiD (ECLiPS composite). Steeper MEMR growth functions also correlated with poorer ECLiPS scores and reduced LiSN-S talker advantage. The LiD and TD groups had equivalent summating potentials, compound action potentials, envelope-following responses (EFR), and binaurally activated medial olivocochlear reflexes (MOCR). In conclusion, there was no evidence for auditory synaptopathy or lower brainstem dysfunction for LiD. Evidence for higher brainstem differences between groups showed that the LiD group had increased efferent control or central gain, with shorter ABR Wave III and V latencies and steeper MEMR growth curves. These differences were related to poorer parent report and speech perception ability.
Pathway-based polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and associations with clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes in UK Biobank
Authors: Barbu Miruna C. , Thng Gladi , Adams Mark J. , Marwick Katie , Grant Seth GN , McIntosh Andrew M. , Lawrie Stephen M. , Whalley Heather C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is a heritable psychiatric disorder with a polygenic architecture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported an increasing number of risk-associated variants and polygenic risk scores (PRS) now explain 17% of the variance in the disorder. There exists substantial heterogeneity in the effect of these variants and aggregating them based on biologically relevant functions may provide mechanistic insight into the disorder.MethodsUsing the largest schizophrenia GWAS to date, we calculated PRS based on 5 gene-sets previously found to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses, postsynaptic membrane, dendritic spine, axon, and histone H3-K4 methylation gene-sets. We associated each PRS, along with respective whole-genome PRS (excluding single nucleotide polymorphisms in each gene-set), with neuroimaging (N>29,000; cortical, subcortical, and white matter microstructure) and clinical (N>119,000; psychotic-like experiences including conspiracies, communications, voices, visions, and distress) variables in healthy subjects in UK Biobank.ResultsA number of clinical and neuroimaging variables were significantly associated with the axon gene-set (psychotic-like communications: β=0.0916, pFDR=0.04, parahippocampal gyrus volume: β=0.0156, pFDR=0.03, FA thalamic radiations: β=-0.014, pFDR=0.036, FA posterior thalamic radiations: β=-0.016, pFDR=0.048), postsynaptic density gene-set (distress due to psychotic-like experiences: β=0.0588, pFDR=0.02, global surface area: β=-0.012, pFDR=0.034, and cingulate lobe surface area: β=-0.014, pFDR=0.04), and histone gene-set (entorhinal surface area: β=-0.016, pFDR=0.035). In the associations above, whole-genome PRS were significantly associated with psychotic-like communications (β=0.2218, pFDR=1.34×10−7), distress (β=0.1943, pFDR=7.28×10−16), and FA thalamic radiations (β=-0.0143, pFDR=0.036). Permutation analysis carried out for these associations revealed that they were not due to chance.ConclusionsOur results indicate that genetic variation in 3 gene-sets relevant to schizophrenia (axon, postsynaptic density, histone) may confer risk for the disorder through effects on a number of neuroimaging variables that have previously been implicated in schizophrenia. As neuroimaging associations were stronger for gene-set PRS than whole-genome PRS, findings here highlight that selection of biologically relevant variants may address the heterogeneity of the disorder by providing further mechanistic insight into schizophrenia.
A transfer alignment algorithm based on combined double-time observation of velocity and attitude
Authors: Sheng Guangrun , Liu Xixiang , Wang Zixuan , Pu Wenhao , Wu Xiaoqiang , Ma Xiaoshuang 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to present a novel transfer alignment method based on combined double-time observations with velocity and attitude for ships’ poor maneuverability to address the system errors introduced by flexural deformation and installing which are difficult to calibrate.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on velocity and attitude matching, redesigning and deducing Kalman filter model by combining double-time observation. By introducing the sampling of the previous update cycle of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), current observation subtracts previous observation are used as measurements for transfer alignment filter, system error in measurement introduced by deformation and installing can be effectively removed.

Findings
The results of simulations and turntable tests show that when there is a system error, the proposed method can improve alignment accuracy, shorten the alignment process and not require any active maneuvers or additional sensor equipment.

Originality/value
Calibrating those deformations and installing errors during transfer alignment need special maneuvers along different axes, which is difficult to fulfill for ships’ poor maneuverability. Without additional sensor equipment and active maneuvers, the system errors in attitude measurement can be eliminated by the proposed algorithms, meanwhile improving the accuracy of the shipboard SINS transfer alignment.
Numerical study of freestream turbulence effects on the nose cones in supersonic flow
Authors: M. Velmani , V. Suresh 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to numerically investigate the influence of shock wave and freestream turbulence interaction on the parabolic and spherically blunted nose cones at supersonic speed.

Design/methodology/approach
Using density-based solver, the three-dimensional steady-state simulation is carried out. The working fluid is calorically perfect that obeys ideal gas law and the no-slip boundary conditionis given to the surface of the nose cone. Pressure far-field boundary condition is imposed at the boundary of the computational domain by giving freestream Mach number, freestream static pressure and temperature.

Findings
The growth rate of the boundary layer is faster on the spherically blunted nose cone, hence, the overall drag force is higher than the parabolic nose cone. Temperature at the edge of the boundary layer is increased due to the early ampli-fication of instabilities by the upstream disturbance. In this sense, the effects of freestream turbulence depend on its level, freestream conditions, strength and type of shock wave and zone of influence.

Research limitations/implications
Simulations are carried out for the flow Mach number 2.0 at zero angles of attack for the freestream conditions of the flow at an altitude of 10,000 m.

Practical implications
The phenomenon of shock wave–turbulence interaction occurs in flow regimes from transonic to hypersonic speeds and finds a wide range of applications, especially in the design of aircraft and missiles configurations.

Originality/value
The phenomenon of compression wave and freestream turbulence interaction around the commonly used nose cones in the case of aircraft, missiles, etc., is investigated. The performance characteristics such as aerodynamic drag, boundary layer dynamics and the nature of flow around the different nose cones at zero angle of attack are illustrated.
Does the order of claims to assets on the balance sheet reflect equity risk?
Authors: Liu Cathy Zishang , Hu Xiaoyan Sharon , Reichelt Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis paper empirically examines whether the order of liability and preferred stock accounts presented on the balance sheet is consistent with how the stock market values their riskiness.Design/methodology/approachThis paper measures a firm’s riskiness with idiosyncratic risk and employs the first-difference design to test the relation between idiosyncratic risk and the order of current liabilities, noncurrent liabilities and preferred stock, respectively. Further, the paper tests whether operating liabilities are viewed as riskier than financial liabilities. Finally, the authors partition their sample based on the degree of financial distress and investigate whether the results differ between the two subsamples.FindingsThe paper finds that current liabilities are viewed as riskier than noncurrent liabilities and preferred stock is viewed as less risky than current and noncurrent liabilities, consistent with the ordering on the balance sheet. Further, the paper finds that operating liabilities are viewed as riskier than financial liabilities. Finally, the authors find that total liabilities and preferred stock (redeemable and convertible classes) are viewed as riskier for distressed firms than for nondistressed firms.Originality/valueThe authors thoroughly investigate the riskiness of several classes of claims and document that the classification of liabilities and preferred stock classes is relevant to common stockholders for assessing their associated risk.
Energy efficiency of consideration sets and choices: the impact of label format
Authors: Elsen Millie , Leenheer Jorna 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This research examines how the design of the online energy label can be improved to stimulate consumer choice of energy-efficient household products in Web stores. Based on general evaluability theory, the authors propose new label formats that aim to improve the evaluability of the label information for consumers and test their influence during two distinct stages in the online decision-making process: consideration set formation and final choice.

Design/methodology/approach
Two large-scale controlled online experiments are conducted with over 10,000 consumers in 10 European countries. The experiments test label alternatives in simulated online store environments, mimicking the two distinct decision stages, for four product categories to enhance generalizability. The data are analyzed using random-intercept linear and logistic regression models to account for their multi-level structure.

Findings
The results show that the impact of the online energy label on consumers’ online decision-making depends on both the label format and the decision stage (consideration vs choice), but in a different way than expected. The findings reveal that the current online energy label is significantly outperformed by a label that provides reference information by incorporating the scale range. This alternative label is particularly effective in the consideration set formation stage, and among consumers who consider energy efficiency a relatively unimportant choice criterion.

Research limitations/implications
Online energy labels encourage consumers to consider and choose more energy-efficient products, especially if scale range information is included. The present results stress the importance of presenting this information early on in the online decision process. They also show that, particularly at this early stage and particularly for consumers who find energy efficiency a relatively unimportant choice criterion, label format matters.

Practical implications
The present findings provide important input for policymakers in the context of the ongoing revision of the EU energy label. They also help online retailers make decisions about when and how to present product information on their websites.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on product labelling by examining the effects of relatively unexplored types of reference information in two distinct stages of the consumer decision-making process. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test the effectiveness of the online energy label.
An efficient method for transient heat conduction problems with local nonlinearities based on the quasi-superposition principle
Authors: Nie Chuanbao , Fu Bowen , Gao Qiang 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to develop an efficient numerical method for nonlinear transient heat conduction problems with local radiation boundary conditions and nonlinear heat sources.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the physical characteristic of the transient heat conduction and the distribution characteristic of the Green’s function, a quasi-superposition principle is presented for the transient heat conduction problems with local nonlinearities. Then, an efficient method is developed, which indicates that the solution of the original nonlinear problem can be derived by solving some nonlinear problems with small structures and a linear problem with the original structure. These problems are independent of each other and can be solved simultaneously by the parallel computing technique.

Findings
Within a small time step, the nonlinear thermal loads can only induce significant temperature responses of the regions near the positions of the nonlinear thermal loads, whereas the temperature responses of the remaining regions are very close to zero. According to the above physical characteristic, the original nonlinear problem can be transformed into some nonlinear problems with small structures and a linear problem with the original structure.

Originality/value
An efficient and accurate numerical method is presented for transient heat conduction problems with local nonlinearities, and some numerical examples demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Utilization of wavy porous layer, magnetic field and hybrid nanofluid with slot jet impingement on the cooling performance of conductive panel
Authors: Ouni Mohamed , Selimefendigil Fatih , Hatem Besbes , Kolsi Lioua , Omri Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of combined utilization of multi-jet impinging cooling of nanofluids with magnetic field and porous layer on the cooling performance, as effective cooling with impinging jets are obtained for various energy systems, including photovoltaic panels, electronic cooling and many other convective heat transfer applications.

Design/methodology/approach
Finite element method is used to explore the magnetic field effects with the inclusion of porous layer on the cooling performance efficiency of slot nanojet impingement system. Impacts of pertinent parameters such as Reynolds number (Re between 250 and 1,000), strength of magnetic field (Ha between 0 and 30), permeability of the porous layer (Da between 0.001 and 0.1) on the cooling performance for flat and wavy surface configurations are explored.

Findings
It is observed that the average Nusselt number (Nu) rises by about 17% and 20.4% for flat and wavy configuration while temperature drop of 4 K is obtained when Re is increased to 1,000 from 250. By using magnetic field at the highest strength, the average Nu rises by about 29% and 7% for flat and wavy cases. Porous layer permeability is an effective way of controlling the cooling performance while up to 44.5% variations in the average Nu is obtained by varying its value. An optimization routine is used to achieve the highest cooling rate while the optimum parameter set is obtained as (Re, Ha, Da, γ, sx) = (1,000, 30, 0.07558, 86.28, 2.585) for flat surface and (Re, Ha, Da, γ, sx) = (1,000, 30, 0.07558, 71.85, 2.329) for wavy surface configurations.

Originality/value
In thermal systems, cooling system design is important for thermal management of various energy systems, including fuel cells, photovoltaic panels, electronic cooling and many others. Impinging jets are considered as effective way of cooling because of its ability to give higher local heat transfer coefficients. This paper offers novel control tools, such as magnetic field, installation of porous layer and hybrid nano-liquid utilization for control of cooling performance with multiple impinging jets.
Linking active labour market policies to digitalisation–a review between remote and automated possibilities
Authors: Scarano Gianluca , Colfer Barry 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to develop a conceptual framework that sets out the linkages that exist between digitalisation and active labour market policies (ALMPs).Design/methodology/approachBased on a narrative literature review, this article seeks to connect two research streams, namely that relating to ALMPs and that relating to digitalisation in the public sector. This exercise requires an understanding of both how the context of digitalisation in the public sector has evolved in relation to technological change and the identification of specific ALMPs that are more sensitive to digitalisation.FindingsStarting from the identification of ideal-types of ALMPs, “employment assistance” can be considered the type of policies most sensitive to digitalisation, looking at main forms of interventions as career guidance, profiling and job-matching tools. The first tool is closer to a technological domain of “remotisation”, while the second is closer to that of “automatisation”.Practical implicationsAchieving an understanding of the different degrees of sensitivity to digitalisation for various types of ALMPs is relevant for policy-making purposes to identify potential priority areas of strategic investment to enhance this sector.Originality/valueThe authors present an understanding of the current state of the digitalisation of public employment services. The literature review itself allowed the authors to conclude that, despite the interests in the public and academic debate, the existing research relating to the digitalisation of public employment services remains scant. At the same time, the article points towards fertile areas for further analysis.
Hotel owners’ perception of tourism in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kabra Shradha 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
The paper aims to study hotel owners’ perception of tourism in the five creative cities of India during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured, in-depth interviews (N = 30) and participant observation were the methods used for collecting qualitative data. Data was analysed using content analysis.

Findings
The findings reveal the effect of tourism on the psyche of small and medium enterprise hotel owners. Factors contributing to this anxiety are unpreparedness for the crisis, cash flow problems, failure to be flexible in this crisis, inability to leverage hotel’s location and lack of hygiene habits.

Research limitations/implications
The research illustrated a systemic lack of knowledge and training in the unorganized hotel sector in India which if addressed, could assist the hotel owners and staff in building trust toward tourists and a positive attitude toward the crisis.

Originality/value
As the study analyses the unorganized hotel sector in the Indian context, it provides useful insights for the Indian Government and hospitality industry to foster trust and positivity in this sector during the COVID-19 pandemic which could significantly contribute to its revival and psychological recovery of its stakeholders.
“You don’t meet anybody when walking from the living room to the kitchen”: informal communication during remote work
Authors: Viererbl Benno , Denner Nora , Koch Thomas 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the structures, forms and functions of informal communication in telecommuting settings. Previous research on telecommuting has not considered the influence of telecommuting settings on informal communication, and research on informal communication has mainly focused on face-to-face communication while working in a physical office. This article aims to bring these two research strands together by analyzing the informal communication behavior of employees working from home.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted qualitative interviews with 21 employees who were working from home. The participants were recruited using quota sampling and the data were analyzed following the procedure for examining qualitative data proposed by Mayring (2014).FindingsThe findings reveal similarities as well as differences between those working in an office and those working from home in terms of informal communication with co-workers: Informal communication fulfills similar functions in both cases, but remote work leads to less informal communication and hinders incidental exposure to other employees. Informal talks need to be planned in advance or strategically initiated. The authors identified five informal communication scenarios in telecommuting settings that partly, but not fully, overlap with scenarios in regular office settings.Originality/valueThe present study is one of the first to examine informal communication in telecommuting settings. Previous studies have either excluded the aspect of informal communication or the situation for employees working in telecommuting settings. The results provide new insights into informal communication behavior in remote work.