bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Electromagnetic Fields Emitted from Cellular Base Stations in Shirqat City
Authors: Ali Kamil J. 
Published: June 2022

With increasing the usage of mobile communication devices and internet network information, the entry of private telecommunications companies in Iraq has been started since 2003. These companies began to build up cellular towers to accomplish the telecommunication works but they ignore the safety conditions imposed for the health and environment that are considered in a random way. These negative health effects which may cause a health risk for life beings and environmental pollution. The aim of this work is to determine the safe and unsafe ranges and discuss damage caused by radiation emitted from Asia cell base stations in Shirqat city and discuses the best ways in which can minimize its exposure level to avoid its negative health effects. Practical measurements of power density around base stations have been accomplished by using a radiation survey meter type (Radio frequency EMF Strength Meter 480846) in two ways. The first way of measurements has been accomplished at a height of 2 meters above ground for different distances (0-300) meters. The second way is at a distance of 150 meters for different levels from (2-15) meters above ground level. The maximum measured power density is about (3) mW/m2. Results indicate that the levels of power density are far below the RF radiation exposure of USSR safety standards levels. And that means these cellular base stations don’t cause negative the health effect for life being if the exposure is within the acceptable international standard levels.
A Correlative Measurement of an Hourly Record of Solar Radiation and Climatological Parameters
Authors: Abed Al-Dulaimy Fayadh M. , Mohammed Ghazi Yousif 
Published: June 2022

A correlation of measured data for the solar radiation on a horizontal surface at ambient temperature and humidity was achieved. For all measurements being hourly averaged to fifth order polynomial. The data correlated to a second degree equation with time for an hourly, daily and monthly obtained data. This correlated data compared to best predictive models for the same site of observation. However these measurements appeared to be sensitive to minor and major changes of local weather patterns which is reflected in a deviation to about 4% to the lower margin and 5% to its higher margin.
Behavior of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Externally Bonded Steel Plate
Authors: Al-Hassani H. M. , Al-Ta’an S. A. , Mohammed A. A. 
Published: June 2022

Flexural strength and deformation of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with steel plates were studied in this paper. For bonding the steel plate to the beam a technique of welding steel plate to the stirrups was followed. Fifteen beams were cast and tested; nine beams were strengthened by steel plates preloaded with a fraction of the ultimate load of the control beams (three beams) and then tested to failure. Another three beams were cast and tested to failure also, strengthened and then retested to failure. The test results indicated that the process of welding is successful and can furnish the state of composite action. After strengthening, the ultimate load was increased by 1 to 17 % and by 70 to 94 % for beams strengthened with 1 mm thick and 3 mm thick steel plates, respectively. The effect of cracking due to preloading on the flexural behavior of strengthened beams was found to be not significant.
Fuzzy logic Control of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Ahmed Duraid Fadhil , Esmaeel Maha Nazar 
Published: June 2022

The mathematical modeling of continuous stirred tank reactor system is developed based on the mass and energy balances for the reactor and heating system. The system is studied by introducing step change in concentration, inlet flow, flow of heating fluid, inlet temperature and heating fluid temperature and measuring the temperature change in the reactor. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller has been designed and evaluated. Through simulation study by using MATLAB, it has been shown that the proposed fuzzy logic controller has given an excellent tracking and regulation performance compared to that of the PID control system.
Comparison between Theoretical Simulation and Experimental Result for Continues Fermenter Product the Baker’s Yeast
Authors: Al-Samarray Abdulqahar M. M 
Published: June 2022

Baker’s yeast is an important additive to improve bread quality. Baker yeast produced in two methods (batch or continues fermenter). In this investigation the continuous operating conditions in reactors were studied to predict the best conditions of product. Experimental runs were implemented in a 12-liter pilot-scale fermenter. The simulation carried out between the experimental and the theoretical results and gives a good results presentation of growth rote, the rate of substrate additives, pH and rate of ethanol production. The process is modeled and par formed using a computer programming prepares for this purpose.
USB Data Acquisition Using Peripheral Interface Control Microcontroller
Authors: Fairs Dhiya Mahdi , Ahmed Kasim Abdullah 
Published: June 2022

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems have been widely used in industry applications. This paper describes design and implementation low-cost universal serial bus (USB) Data Acquisition (DAQ) which connected with computer through USB port and tested in SCADA system, the designed Data Acquisition build using new generation of microcontroller peripheral interface control PIC18F4550 which supported with USB module and it programmed in C-Language, the developed DAQ have 13 input analog channels and 16 digital I/O lines. At personal computer (PC) side, graphical user interface (GUI) application is designed using Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) program as SCADA software to acquire and monitor data and control all system I/O. The system consists of hardware part and software part. The main part of hardware is a data acquisition card, and the software part includes data acquisition card control procedures and PC software. The system hardware developed is a low-cost alternative to commercially available systems that use USB controllers. The work has been implemented for temperature sensing and controlling and the results shown currently support the hardware and software developed. It can be used for biomedical analysis, industrial temperature loggers, industrial process, instrumentation controls and in SCADA system.
Investigation of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams with Different Types of Shear Connectors
Authors: Al-Darzi Suhaib Y. K. , Al-Juboory Inas M. A. 
Published: June 2022

A ten steel-concrete composite beams subdivided into five groups formed from standard steel section (W4X13) connected to concrete slab are designed and constructed using three different types of mechanical shear connectors. A stud connector and regular circular hole perfobond connectors are used in addition to a newly suggested type of triangular hole perfobond connector. The beams are experimentally tested using two-point load beam test to investigate the effect of connector’s type on beam resistance at yielding and ultimate stages. The tests also investigate the deflection at mid-span and slip at the ends of the tested beams. It is found that the composite beams with perfobond connectors can develop a strength higher than those obtained with stud connectors, as well as the newly suggested triangular perfobond connector gives strength higher than the regular circular perfobond. Results also show that continuous distribution of perfobond connectors gives resistance more than those with separated perfobond connectors.
Effect of Gypsum Stabilization on Mechanical Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks
Authors: Amin Maher O. 
Published: June 2022

There is a need for development of alternative materials for the building industry with low carbon footprint and at the same time saving energy. Clay has been used as a building material from the beginning of humankind. The Compressed Earth Blocks often referred to simply as CEB, is a type of manufactured construction material formed by the compression of the soil in a mold with the help of a manual or motorized press to form a regular block of appropriate shape and size. For the purpose of researches, the press is manufactured locally at Mosul Technical Institute. In the present work, the effect of semi-hydrate gypsum as stabilizer on some of the mechanical and physical properties of unfired CEB was determined. A series of test blocks were fabricated using a local soil stabilized with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% semi-hydrate gypsum, for each of the precedent ratios, three percentages of mixing water were used 10, 20 and 30%, and compacted with a manual press. Results for compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and drying shrinkage are presented in the paper. Results show that the addition of semi-hydrate gypsum improves the mechanical and physical properties of CEB. These preliminary results reinforce their suitability for application in low cost buildings.
Comparison of Water Quality Index at Intakes of Water Treatment Plants in Baghdad City
Authors: Abdul –Rahman Eman , Ahmad Mohammad Fakhar Al-Deen 
Published: June 2022

The studying of water quality (WQ) is to determine the competence of water source for different uses. Water Quality Index (WQI) is a mathematical device used to translate huge data for water testes to simple number, This number gives comprehensive idea to the water source quality level. In this study, many samples from selected points of Tigris river stage within the intakes of eight Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) of Baghdad city were collected and tested during (2009-2010) , These (WTPs) arranged according to itsposition from the north of Baghdad city to it’s south respectively as follows (Karkh ,Tigris– East ,Wathba, ,Karama ,Qadisiya ,Dora ,Wahda and Rashid in the south).Twenty parameters were tested for an average one sample of each parameter in each month within the year(2009-2010).Canadian Council of Ministry of the Environment (CCME,2001) procedure was used to determine (WQI) of the raw water in the intake of these (WTPs). Results showed that the best (WQI) was in the intake of Al-Karkh and the worst was in Al- Rashid (WTP). Another comparison for the suitability of the raw water in irrigation purpose was tested by comparing the average of each (T.D.S and EC. ) for a one year with the criteria of each of American Salinity Library (ASL) and with Russian classification(R.C), and the results showed high concentrations of salinity , so the irrigated soil with this raw water needs good drainage system.
Strategi Pengambilan Keputusan Untuk Meminimalkan Tunggakan Tagihan Listrik Pasca Bayar PT. PLN
Authors: Redaputri Appin Purisky , Apriansyah Irman 
Published: June 2022

Abstrak
Penggunaan listrik pascabayar saat ini masih cukup banyak dipertahankan oleh para pelanggan PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) khususnya di Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Unit Layanan Pengadaan (ULP) Karang dimana pelanggan memiliki hak untuk menggunakan listrik terlebih dahulu, dan kemudian wajib membayar atas penggunaan tersebut di bulan berikutnya dengan jatuh tempo yang telah ditentukan. Namun masih banyak pelanggan yang sering menunggak pembayaran tagihan listrik lewat jatuh tempo yang ditentukan lewat dua bulan. Akibat tunggakan yang besar, PLN mengaku kesulitan untuk memenuhi biaya operasionalnya. Maka diperlukan adanya strategi untuk dapat mengurangi tingginya tunggakan listrik pascabayar tertulis. Maksud dari penyelidikan ini ialah untuk mengenali elemen kunci dari faktor penyebab tingginya tunggakan tagihan listrik pascabayar serta menentukan dan memberikan rekomendasi strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi elemen kunci dari faktor penyebab tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan melalui observasi langsung dan wawancara terstruktur dengan alat analisis Intrepretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan elemen kunci dari sepuluh faktor penyebab tingginya tunggakan adalah denda atau biaya keterlambatan yang diikuti oleh elemen kunci pendukung diantaranya faktor belum adanya metode sosialisasi yang efektif mengenai pembayaran, keterbatasan jumlah sdm yang khusus menangani tunggakan, serta faktor masih adanya komunikasi yang kurang baik antara petugas dengan pelanggan.
Pengaruh Jaringan Usaha, Inovasi Produk, dan Persaingan Usaha Terhadap Perkembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM)
Authors: Herman Bahtiar , Nohong Mursalim 
Published: June 2022

Perkembangan suatu unit usaha dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, baik faktor internal perusahaan maupun eksternal perusahaa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh pengaruh jaringan usaha, Inovasi Produk dan persaingan usaha terhadap perkembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksplanatori dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan sampel sebanyak 40 UMKM yang diambil menggunakan teknik disproportionate stratified random sampling dan simple random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: jaringan usaha, Inovasi Produk dan persaingan usaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perkembangan kinerja UMKM di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Role of Media in Strengthening Pakistan’s Image with Respect to Security
Authors: Shabir Ghulam , Ahmed Komal , Ashraf Atif , Siddiqua Ayesha 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Because national security is indeed a delicate subject in Pakistan, it is expected from the press to play a beneficial role in this respect. This study assessed the role of media in strengthening Pakistan’s image with respect to security.
Design/Methodology/Approach
The study is qualitative in nature, the researchers utilized survey method by employing close ended questionnaire as data collection tool. SPSS has been used for data analysis. Statistical analysis has been done using chi-square test.
Findings: As per the findings of the study, the participants were found to have felt unsafe in Pakistan after hearing a piece of particular news, but they do think Pakistan is a safe country.
Implications/Originality/Value: Media independence is a wonderful thing in a functioning democracy, but when it comes to sensitive topics like "national security", it is assumed that the media must only stick to their job of informing instead of dictating the processes.
Penguatan Komoditi Unggulan KWT Tambaharjo Melalui Olahan Berbasis Limbah Duri Ikan
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , A’in Churun , Taufani Wiwiet Teguh 
Published: June 2022

Peluang dan pengembangan komoditas ikan Lele dan Nila telah diberdayakan mitra sejak tahun 2014 melalui usaha pengolahan berupa nuget ikan. Usaha tersebut mengalami beberapa kendala diantaranya belum mendatangkan profit yang diharapkan karena lemahnya daya saing produk serta permasalahan hasil sampingan berupa tulang dan duri ikan yang berpotensi memberikan beban dan dampak negatif lingkungan. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi bagi permasalahan tersebut, diantaranya meningkatkan performa produk dan memanfaatkan limbah olahan duri ikan agar lebih berdaya guna serta meminimalisir dampak negatif lingkungan. Kandungan kalsium yang tinggi pada duri ikan diharapkan mampu menjadi daya tarik dan meningkatkan daya saing jual produk mitra. Program pengabdian dilaksanakan secara bertahap selama 2 (dua) tahun. Tahun I terkonsentrasi pada pengembangan stik dan nuget tulang ikan, sedangkan Tahun II produk yang dikembangkan antara lain pangsit, abon dan bakso ikan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain sosialisasi, pelatihan dan transfer pengetahuan pengolahan limbah duri ikan, pengujian secara laboratoris, bantuan alat produksi dan kemasan, serta pendampingan promosi. Output dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah terciptanya produk-produk berbasis ikan dan duri ikan dalam rangka diversifikasi produk perikanan dengan konsep zero waste yang ramah lingkungan, peningkatan kapasitas produksi.dan peningkatan daya saing produk mitra.
Pendampingan Konservasi Arsitektur Tradisional Melalui Pengembangan Desa Wisata
Authors: Adiyanto Johannes , Oktarini Maya Fitri , Hapsari Harini Mutiara , Hanum Meivirina , Farizi Nando Al , Mahdalena Nyayu Arista 
Published: June 2022

Rumah Baghi ditemui pada desa-desa perbukitan di Sumatera Selatan. Arsitekturnya merupakan satu kepaduan dengan kehidupan keseharian masyarakat tradisional. Kurangnya pengenalan akan arsitektur ini menyebabkan banyak rumah ditelantarkan. Kegiatan pendampingan bertujuan memperkenalkan, mempresentasikan, dan mensosialisasikan potensi arsitektur lokal kepada masyarakat di Desa Perapau, salah satu desa perbukitan. Pembangunan kesadaran akan arsitektur tradisional melalui skenario pengembangan wisata warisan. Hasil pendampingan menunjukkan bahwa pelestarian bangunan tradisional memerlukan dua pendekatan, yaitu aturan dan keuntungan. Aturan dapat berupa adat istiadat yang mengikat masyarakat dalam melakukan perubahan atas rumah adat dan keuntungan berupa sumber penghasilan tambahan bagi pemilik.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Kerajinan Anyaman Tali Plastik Packing Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga
Authors: Nuraini Lailatul , Mulyono Resha Dwi Ayu Pangesti 
Published: June 2022

Limbah yang berasal dari plastik merupakan masalah serius bagi lingkungan, sifat plastik yang terurai dalam waktu yang sangat lama menjadi penyebab terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu upaya mengurangi keberadaan tali plastik adalah dengan memperpanjang umur plastik seperti mendaur ulang tali plastik menjadi berbagai jenis barang kerajinan, seperti tas. Permasalahan muncul saat mitra tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan inovasi produk yang dihasilkan serta belum optimalnya proses produksi dan manajemen. Permasalahan inovasi produk karena keterbatasan ide dan informasi yang diperoleh tentang berbagai bentuk inovasi produk yang sekiranya dapat dikembangakan. Permasalahan manajeman yang dialami mitra yaitu belum adanya pembukuan yang mencatat aktivitas keuangan usaha, serta pemasaran yang masih konvensional dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat sekitar untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini diantaranya meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produk kerajinan dari limbah tali plastik packing dan meningkatkan kemampuan sumber daya manusia (SDM) pelaku usaha dan ibu-ibu di lingkungan sekitar, serta berkurangnya tingkat pengangguran di lingkungan sekitar usaha. Metode pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan antara lain berdiskusi dengan mitra untuk mendapatkan solusi permasalahan dengan memberikan masukan-masukan dari pengalaman selama melakukan usaha pembuatan tas tali plastik, mengadakan pelatihan dalam mendesain inovasi produk dari limbah tali plastikdan menyiapkan perangkat yang dibutuhkan dalam pelatihan manajemen usaha dan pembukuan pencatatan keuangan. Hasil pengadian berupa inovasi produk hasil anyaman limbah tali plastik serta tentang peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas proses produksi melalui pengembangan inovasi produk yang dihasilkan. Dengan demikian, perlu upaya berkelanjutan guna meningkatkan pendampingan bagi usaha masyarakat agar semakin berdaya.
PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). MENGGUNAKAN METODE SKARIFIKASI DAN GIBERELIN
Authors: Panggabean Nurul Huda 
Published: June 2022

<p>Kelapa sawit di Indonesia dewasa ini merupakan komoditas primadona. Perkecambahan benih kelapa sawit memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk berkecambah yaitu 3 - 4 bulan karena adanya mekanisme dormansi pada benih. Lamanya waktu perkecambahan merupakan suatu kendala bagi konsumen dan produsen benih. Umumnya perlakuan pematahan dormansi diberikan secara fisik, seperti skarifikasi mekanik dan kimiawi. Giberelin merupakan salah satu zat pengatur tumbuh yang sering digunakan dalam memnbantu pematahan biji. Giberelin mengaktifkan enzim hidrolitik yang berperan dalam pemecahan cadangan makanan di dalam benih. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pematahan dormansi benih kelapa sawit (<em>Elaeis guineensis </em>Jacq.) dengan metode skarifikasi dan konsentrasi giberelin yang sesuai dan mengetahuai adanya interaksi nyata<em> </em>dalam penggunaan metode skarifikasi dan giberelin dalam membantu mematahkan dormansi benih kelapa sawit (<em>Elaeis guineensis </em>Jacq.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Juni hingga september 2020 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Universitas Sumatera Utara, Bahan yang digunakan yaitu biji kelapa sawit varietas Tenera yang diambil dari perkebunan rakyat daerah Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 2 faktor yaitu letak buah pada tandan yaitu Apikal (A), Median (M) dan Basal (B) dan Konsentrasi Giberelin yaitu G0 (0 ppm), G1 (200 ppm), G2 (300 ppm) dan G3 (400 ppm). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa posisi benih pada tandan dan konsentrasi giberelin yang diberikan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap daya berkecambah (DB) dimana pada perlakuan G3 menunjukan persentase benih berkecambah 36,67% dan kontrol 6,67%. Rata – rata persentase embrio normal yang masih belum berkecambah terdapat pada kontrol (G<sub>0</sub>) hal ini dikarenakan hormon giberelin berpengaruh terhadap proses perkecambahan benih. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan persentase terkecil pada intensitas dormansi terdapat pada G3 yaitu 81,11% dan pada bagian apikal 77,5%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan skarifikasi dan giberelin yang sebelumnya juga diberikan perendaman dalam air panas efektif untuk pematahan dormansi benih kelapa sawit. Rata – rata PTM terdapat pada konsentrasi giberelin 400 ppm sebesar 26,67% dan terdapat pada bagian apikal, namun konsentrasi giberelin tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap potensi tumbuh maksimum. Metode pematahan dormansi benih dengan skrafiksai dan perendaman dalam giberelin memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap daya berkecambah, embrio normal dan intensitas dormansi namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap potensi tumbuh maksimum. Pertumbuhan terbaik benih berasal bagian apikal dari tandan kelapa sawit.</p><p>Kata Kunci : Pematahan Dormansi, Skarifikasi, Giberelin, Kelapa Sawit</p>