bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circularly Polarized Manipulations with VO2‐Doped Dielectric Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Absorption
Authors: Sun Yuan‐Zhe , Gao Cheng‐Jing , Qu Jia , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSuperior analogs for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in metasurfaces (MSS) are universal, but fewer integrate both effects in one device, let alone contribute to polarization manipulations. Here, note that asymmetrical EITs are rigorously demonstrated under both polarization incidences in dielectric orthogonal dumbbell‐shaped structures, with a maximum group delay of 335 ps. The transverse magnetic (TM) mode excited EIT holds a transparent window at 1.318 THz close to the transverse electric (TE) mode excited that of 1.358 THz, which triggers the linear‐to‐circular polarization conversion at 1.339 THz with an optimized transmittance of 0.67, validated via the axial ratio. Additionally, asymmetrical EIAs are presented with an embedded metal‐phase VO2 plate, holding a common absorption of 0.51 at 1.340 THz, of which the insulating state affects little to the circular‐polarization output. Given the detuning of two frequencies (1.339 and 1.340 THz) can be compensated by the dispersion properties, it can be understood as the original converted circularly polarized propagating light decays with 0.5‐absorption via phase‐tuned VO2, operating as a temperature‐driven switch. The circular‐polarization transmission and absorption are integrated respectively based on EIT and EIA with the different states of VO2, promising broad prospects in multifunctional devices.
Double‐Modification Oriented Design of a Deep‐UV Birefringent Crystal Functionalized by [B12O16F4(OH)4] Clusters
Authors: Jin Congcong , Li Fuming , Cheng Bingliang , Qiu Haotian , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Mutailipu Miriding 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolarization modulation of deep‐UV light is of significance to current technologies, and to this end, the birefringent crystal has emerged as an invaluable material as it allows for effective light modulation. Herein, a double‐modification strategy driven by F and OH anions that makes double effects towards the critical property enhancement of deep‐UV birefringent crystals is proposed. This leads to a new hydroxyborate (NH4)4[B12O16F4(OH)4] with giant cluster as a deep‐UV birefringent crystal with large birefringence (Δnexp.=0.12@546.1 nm). This birefringence is a record among inorganic hydroxyborates with experimentally measured birefringence. Structural analysis shows that the near‐plane arrangement of [B12O16F4(OH)4] cluster is responsible for the large optical anisotropy. Theoretical calculations indicate that its π‐conjugated [BO3] and [BO2OH] units are the main source of this large optical anisotropy.
Stable Lead‐Free Tin Halide Perovskite with Operational Stability >1200 h by Suppressing Tin(II) Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Qinggang , Liu Shiqiang , He Mengda , Zheng Weilin , Wan Qun , Liu Mingming , Liao Xinrong , Zhan Wenji , Yuan Changwei , Liu Jinyu , Xie Haijiao , Guo Xiaojun , Kong Long , Li Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSn‐based perovskites are the most promising alternative materials for Pb‐based perovskites to address the toxicity problem of lead. However, the development of SnII‐based perovskites has been hindered by their extreme instability. Here, we synthesized efficient and stable lead‐free Cs4SnBr6 perovskite by using SnF2 as tin source instead of easily oxidized SnBr2. The SnF2 configures a fluorine‐rich environment, which can not only suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ in the synthesis, but also construct chemically stable Sn−F coordination to hinder the electron transfer from Sn2+ to oxygen within the long‐term operation process. The SnF2‐derived Cs4SnBr6 perovskite shows a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 62.8 %, and excellent stability against oxygen, moisture, and light radiation for 1200 h, representing one of the most stable lead‐free perovskites. The results pave a new pathway to enhance the optical properties and stability of lead‐free perovskite for high‐performance light emitters.
Multimodal Imaging of Silicified Sorghum Leaves
Authors: Zancajo Victor M. R. , Diehn Sabrina , Elbaum Rivka , Kneipp Janina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe plant cell wall is a complex composite material made of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and minerals. In this work, a multimodal imaging approach was taken, using Raman and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy along with fluorescence imaging, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental mapping by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). We characterized the chemical composition of sorghum leaf cross‐sections extracted from fresh tissue as well as after paraffin embedding. The complementary vibrational information of Raman and FTIR spectra related a silica deposition to a specific organic composition in the epidermis, specifically with respect to lignin. Moreover, the data enable in situ correlation of autofluorescence with a specific lignin structure. Our results showed that lignin 5–5’ linkages that produce biphenyl structures are important determinants of the cell wall fluorescence properties. The reported multimodal approach will help to clarify the process of biosilica formation and related questions regarding cell wall biochemistry.
Efficient testing and effect size estimation for set‐based genetic association inference via semiparametric multilevel mixture modeling
Authors: Sugasawa Shonosuke , Noma Hisashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn genetic association studies, rare variants with extremely low allele frequencies play a crucial role in complex traits. Therefore, set‐based testing methods that jointly assess the effects of groups of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were developed to increase the powers of the association tests. However, these powers are still insufficient, and precise estimations of the effect sizes of individual SNPs are largely impossible. In this article, we provide an efficient set‐based statistical inference framework that addresses both of these important issues simultaneously using an empirical Bayes method with semiparametric multilevel mixture modeling. We propose to utilize the hierarchical model that incorporates variations in set‐specific effects and to apply the optimal discovery procedure (ODP) that achieves the largest overall power in multiple significance testing. In addition, we provide an optimal “set‐based” estimator of the empirical distribution of effect sizes. The efficiency of the proposed methods is demonstrated through application to a genome‐wide association study of coronary artery disease and through simulation studies. The results demonstrated numerous rare variants with large effect sizes for coronary artery disease, and the number of significant sets detected by the ODP was much greater than those identified by existing methods.
Chemical modification of lipases: A powerful tool for activity improvement
Authors: Noro Jennifer , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur , Silva Carla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe demand for adequate and ecologically acceptable procedures to produce the most differentiated products has been growing in recent decades, with enzymes being excellent examples of the advances achieved so far. Lipases are astonishing catalysts with a vast range of applications including the synthesis of esters, flavors, biodiesel, and polymers. The broad specificity of the substrates, as well as the regio‐, stereo‐, and enantioselectivity, are the differentiating factors of these enzymes. Structural modification is a current approach to enhance the activity of lipases. Chemical modification of lipases to improve catalytic performance is of great interest considering the increasingly broad fields of application. Together with the physical immobilization onto solid supports, different strategies have been developed to produce catalysts with higher activity and stability. In this review, practical insights into the different strategies developed in recent years regarding the modification of lipases are described. For the first time, the impact of the modifications on the activity and stability of lipases, as well as on the biotechnological applications, is fully compiled.
Microfluidic fabrication of tunable alginate‐based microfibers for the stable immobilization of enzymes
Authors: Zhang Wen , Ye Wenbo , Wang Yajun , Yan Yunfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmobilized enzymes have drawn extensive attention due to their enhanced stability, easy separation from reaction mixture, and prominent recyclability. Nevertheless, it is still an ongoing challenge to develop potent immobilization techniques which are capable of stable enzyme encapsulation, minimal loss of activity, and modulability for various enzymes and applications. These microfibers were able to efficiently encapsulate bovine serum albumin (BSA), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). But the physically adsorbed enzymes readily diffused into the catalytic reaction system. The leakage of enzymes could be substantially inhibited by conjugating to poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and incorporating into alginate‐based microfibers, enabling stable immobilization, improved recyclability, and enhanced thermostability. In addition, GOx and HRP‐loaded microfibers were fabricated under the optimized conditions for the visual detection of glucose using the cascade reaction of these enzymes, showing sensitive color change to glucose with concentration range of 0–2 mm. Due to the tunability and versatility, this microfluidic‐based microfiber platform may provide a valuable approach to the enzyme immobilization for the cascade catalysis and diagnoses with multiple clinical markers.
Curcumin Ameliorates the Experimental Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy through Promotion of NGF Expression in Rats
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Xuan , Lin Zi‐Qiang , Sun Ai‐Ling , Shi Yong‐Yong , Hong Qing‐Xiong , Zhao Gao‐Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggested that inhibiting the apoptosis of Schwann cells (SCs) and promoting nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in sciatic nerves play key roles in preventing the onset of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Curcumin, a primary bioactive substance in turmeric with multiple characteristics, has been shown to have many therapeutic effects in a variety of diseases. However, curcumin is poorly studied in the DPN models. We aimed to explore the therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanism of curcumin in high fat/sugar diets joint streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DPN rat models. Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups (6 rats per group), control group, DPN group, Curcumin groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg). Curcumin was administered intragastrically once per day for 4 continuous weeks. Body weight (BW) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were monitored in all groups. The mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) was measured. We also assessed neuropathic change by testing nerve conductance velocity (NCV) in sciatic nerves. TEM was applied to observe the sciatic nerves ultrastructure. The SCs apoptosis in sciatic nerves was stained using TUNEL kit. NGF contents in sciatic nerves and serum were detected using western blotting and ELISA analysis. The results showed curcumin had no obvious effect on the BW and FBG change. Curcumin (100 and 150 mg/kg) attenuated the MWT, NCV, and sciatic nerves ultrastructure in DPN rats. Curcumin (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) reduced SCs apoptosis in sciatic nerves. In addition, curcumin at 150 mg/kg had the best efficacy in increasing protein expression of NGF in sciatic nerves and serum NGF level. Our work demonstrated that curcumin has neuroprotective effects for the treatment of DPN.
A Review on Anomalin: A Natural Bioactive Pyranocoumarin from the Past to the Future
Authors: Onder Alev , Trendafilova Antoaneta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnomalin is a seselin‐type pyranocoumarin isolated for the first time from Angelica anomala Avé‐Lal, but is also found in several other plant species, especially in Apiaceae. This lipophilic molecule possesses pharmacologically beneficial activities for human health. The major scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed up to the end of 2021 and the combining terms anomalin, praeruptorin, isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity were used in the research of this review. This review focuses on the sources, structural properties, and biological functions of anomalin and provides future trends in the investigation of anomalin, particularly in therapies for many common diseases such as anti‐inflammatory and neurodegenerative illnesses. As a potential bioactive molecule, prospective studies on anomalin should be done through supported clinical trials. At the end, this review confirms the significant pharmacological potential of anomalin.
Identification of Genes Essential for Sulfamate and Fluorine Incorporation During Nucleocidin Biosynthesis
Authors: Pasternak A. R. Ola , Bechthold Andreas , Zechel David L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNucleocidin is an adenosine derivative containing 4’‐fluoro and 5’‐O‐sulfamoyl substituents. In this study, nucleocidin biosynthesis is examined in two newly discovered producers, Streptomyces virens B‐24331 and Streptomyces aureorectus B‐24301, which produce nucleocidin and related derivatives at titers 30‐fold greater than S. calvus. This enabled the identification of two new O‐acetylated nucleocidin derivatives, and a potential glycosyl‐O‐acetyltransferase. Disruption of nucJ, nucG, and nucI, within S. virens B‐24331, specifying a radical SAM/Fe−S dependent enzyme, sulfatase, and arylsulfatase, respectively, led to loss of 5’‐O‐sulfamoyl biosynthesis, but not fluoronucleoside production. Disruption of nucN, nucK, and nucO specifying an amidinotransferase, and two sulfotransferases respectively, led to loss of fluoronucleoside production. Identification of S. virens B‐24331 as a genetically tractable and high producing strain sets the stage for understanding nucleocidin biosynthesis and highlights the utility of using 16S‐RNA sequences to identify alternative producers of valuable compounds in the absence of genome sequence data.
Anomalous coronary artery in Tetralogy of Fallot—Feasibility of right ventricular outflow tract stenting as initial palliation
Authors: Afifi Ahmed R. S. A. , Mehta Chetan , Bhole Vinay , Chaudhari Milind , Khan Natasha E. , Jones Timothy J. , Stumper Oliver 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study addresses the outcome of right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) stenting in Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with anomalous coronaries crossing the RVOT. RVOT stenting in ToF patients has emerged as an alternative to Blalock Taussig shunting. This is a single center study of patients who underwent RVOT stenting for symptomatic ToF at Birmingham Children's Hospital between 2005 and 2020. A total of 122 patients underwent RVOT stenting as initial palliation over a 15‐year period, 10 patients had anomalous coronaries crossing the RVOT (study group) and 112 not (comparative group). Median age of the study group was 72.5 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 28–103) with a weight of 4.7 kg (IQR: 3.5–4.9). No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the patients’ weights and ages, procedure and screening times, or hospital stay. Four had valve sparing stenting. Oxygen saturations increased from a median of 75.5% (IQR: 70–82) to 94.5% (IQR: 90–95), p < 0.002. Postprocedure median hospital stay was 3 days (IQR: 2–6). Six patients underwent interstage catheterization reintervention and one needed early surgical palliation due to stent suboptimal position. Complete repair could be delayed for a median of 11.1 months (IQR: 5.6–19.2). At surgical repair, the patients had a median age of 12.3 months (IQR: 7.5–25.6) and weight of 7.7 kg (IQR: 6.8–10.8). There were no deaths. RVOT stenting in ToF with anomalous coronaries is safe and effective. Dilatable stents should be used when two‐stage delayed conduit repair is the default approach.
Clinical impact of FFR‐guided PCI compared to angio‐guided PCI from the France PCI registry
Authors: Adjedj Julien , Morelle Jean‐Francois , Saint Etienne Christophe , Fichaux Olivier , Marcollet Pierre , Decomis Marie Pascale , Motreff Pascal , Chassaing Stephane , Koning Rene , Range Gregoire ,   all France PCI investigators
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to compare, in a national French registry (FrancePCI), the clinical impact of fractional flow reserve (FFR)‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with angio‐guided PCI at 1 year.BackgroundFFR has become the invasive gold standard to quantify myocardial ischemia generated by a coronary stenosis in patients with chronic coronary syndrome, but in clinical practice it is still underutilised to guide PCI compared to angiography (angio).MethodsWe extracted from the FrancePCI database all chronic coronary syndrome patients treated with PCI for coronary stenosis <90% between 2014 and 2019. Our composite clinical endpoint was the rate of major adverse clinical events (MACE).ResultsFourteen thousand three hundred eighty‐four patients with 1‐year clinical follow‐up were included. Among them, 13,125 had angio‐guided PCI (91%) and 1259 (9%) had FFR‐guided PCI. We observed a significantly higher rate of MACE in the angio‐guided group versus the FFR‐guided group: 1478 (11.3%) versus 100 (7.9%) (p < 0.0001), respectively, with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.440, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.211−1.713] (p = 0.0004). This result was driven by the higher occurrence of death in the angio‐guided group versus the FFR‐guided‐group: 506 (3.9%) versus 17 (1.4%) (p < 0.0001), respectively, with HR of 2.845, 95% CI [2.099−3.856] (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, HRs were 1.287, 95% CI [1.028−1.613] (p = 0.028) for MACE and 2.527, 95% CI [1.452−4.399] (p = 0.001) for death. No significant differences between angio‐guided PCI and FFR‐guided PCI were observed for other clinical endpoints.ConclusionsFFR‐guided PCI improves outcome at 1 year compared to angio‐guided PCI with a reduction of 64% of death.
Design of Two‐Dimensional Heteropolyacid‐Covalent Organic Frameworks Composite Materials for Acid Catalysis
Authors: Gao Tianyu , Yan Zhen , Ordomsky Vitaly , Paul Sébastien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) is a rapidly developing field in material chemistry. However, COFs still have very limited applications due to the absence of functional groups. In this work, we demonstrate the efficient way for the synthesis of crystalline composite based on phosphotungstic acid and 2D imine CIN‐1 type of COF. Heteropolyacid behaves as structure directing agent and it is stabilized between the layers of COF. The composite material shows a layered‐sheet arrangement of large imine network layers with sizes up to 1.5 μm. Owing to the strong interaction of heteropolyacid with COF, the resultant material shows high activity and stability with no leaching during acid‐catalyzed esterification reaction.
Cascade Catalysis Through Bifunctional Lipase Metal Biohybrids for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched O‐Heterocycles from Allenes
Authors: Naapuri Janne M. , Losada‐Garcia Noelia , Rothemann Robin Alexander , Pichardo Manuel Carmona , Prechtl Martin H. G. , Palomo Jose M. , Deska Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLipase/metal nanobiohybrids, generated by growth of silver or gold nanoparticles on protein matrixes are used as highly effective dual‐activity heterogeneous catalysts for the production of enantiomerically enriched 2,5‐dihydrofurans from allenic acetates in a one‐pot cascade process combining a lipase‐mediated hydrolytic kinetic resolution with a metal‐catalyzed allene cycloisomerization. Incorporating a novel strategy based on enzyme‐polymer bioconjugates in the nanobiohybrid preparation enables excellent conversions in the process. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) in combination with a dextran‐based polymer modifier (DexAsp) proved to be most efficient when merged with silver nanoparticles. A range of hybrid materials were produced, combining Ag or Au metals with Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) or CALB and its DexAsp or polyethyleneimine polymer bioconjugates. The wider applicability of the biohybrids is demonstrated by their use in allenic alcohol cyclizations, where a variety of dihydrofurans are obtained using a CALB/gold nanomaterial. These results underline the potential of the nanobiohybrid catalysis as promising approach to intricate one‐pot synthetic strategies.
Enhanced Fluid Mixing Using a Reversed Multistage Tesla Micromixer
Authors: Buglie William L. N. , Tamrin Khairul Fikri , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmed , Yasin Mohd Fairus Mohd , Mohamaddan Shahrol 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA two‐dimensonal Tesla micromixer is experimentally characterized at varying Reynolds numbers (Re) and valve stages with the aim to acquire sufficiently high mixing performance. To ease fabrication, a simplified Tesla valve design is adopted. Results show two distinctive regimes of low and highRe. In the low‐Reregime, a steady incremental mixing was observed as the fluid passes by each valve, whereas an enhanced mixing was identified right in the first valve in the high‐Reregime. This is predominantly due to the amplified opposing flow from the helix branch which promotes stronger chaotic advection in the main microchannel. Interestingly, the measured mixing performance was found comparable to that of three‐dimensional passive micromixers reported in the literature.
The Hidden Role of the Supporting Electrode for Creating Heterogeneity in Single Entity Electrochemistry
Authors: Molina Natalia Y. , Pungsrisai Tipsiri , O'Dell Zachary J. , Paranzino Bianca , Willets Katherine A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSingle entity electrochemistry experiments are typically motivated by the need to reveal how heterogeneity affects performance within inherently diverse nanoparticle populations. Here we show that a commonly used supporting electrode, tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO), can also play a significant role in creating heterogeneity in nanoparticle electrochemical responses. To investigate the impact of the substrate, we optically monitored the electrodissolution kinetics of gold nanoparticles on ITO thin films with similar resistivity from two different suppliers. The ITO from the two suppliers showed marked differences in the gold electrodissolution kinetics, with ITO from one of the suppliers even producing poor sample‐to‐sample reproducibility across substrates within the same lot number. The role of nanoparticle size and surface effects were accounted for in our analysis to validate that the observed heterogeneity is dominated by the ITO electrodes. The results show that the role of the supporting electrode cannot be ignored when performing single entity structure‐function studies.