bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Low Power Delay Locked Loop in 180-nm Digital CMOS Process
Authors: sarajia Fatemeh esmaili , Ghorbani Alireza , Anisheh Seyed Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Delay lock loop (DLL) is a key element in circuits such as clock synchronization, clock and data clock recovery. In this paper, new structures for phase frequency detector (PFD), charge pump (CP) and delay cell for low power applications are presented. A dynamic PFD based on CMOS inverter is proposed which has low power consumption and its operating frequency range is wide. The proposed CP is based on gate-driven and positive feedback techniques which has a good current matching. The delay cell uses the bulk-driven technique and has less power consumption than conventional structure. To assess the performance of the proposed structures, some simulations are performed in a 0.18 µm CMOS process with the supply voltage of 1.8 V. The simulation results show higher efficiency of the proposed structures than the existing structures in terms of accuracy and power consumption. The simulation results show that the maximum operating frequency of the PFD is 2 GHz. The mismatch between up and down currents of the CP is less than 0.3%. The power consumption of the proposed delay cell is 25% less than the conventional structure.
Dissecting the Molecular Basis for Genetic Improvement of Rice
Authors: Yang Xinghai , Pan Yinghau , Qing Dongjin , Xia Xiuzhong , Zhou Weiyong , Chen Weiwei , Li Jingcheng , Liang Haifu , Yang Xingka , Li Danting , Dai Gaoxing , Deng Guofu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Rice quality is one of the important indicators of rice breeding, including milling quality, appearance, cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality. Guangxi is one of the origins of cultivated rice, and great progress has been made in the genetic improvement of rice quality by utilizing abundant rice germplasm resources. In this study, 1570 rice varieties approved in Guangxi from 1983 to 2021 were used to analyze the changes of 16 traits. We found that the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of Guangxi rice were significantly improved, especially the hybrid rice varieties. By conducting genome-wide association analysis and variant allele frequency analysis from 38 representative varieties, we found that ALK, BG2, GL3.1, GL7/GW7, GPA3, GS3, OsMKKK10, Wx, An-1, BG1, CLG1, GS5, GW8 and RGG2 may be closely related to the genetic improvement of rice quality traits in Guangxi, among which 11 genes are related to rice grain shape. The functional variation sites of seven important quality genes, including ALK, Wx, and GS3, were analyzed by the penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system (PARMS). The data showed that Gui569, Gui117, Gui721, Gui726, RYousi, RSimiao, and RBasi exhibited multiple elite alleles. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic changes and molecular basis of varieties in Guangxi over the past 40 years. These results will provide theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of rice quality and the cultivation of new varieties, which is of great significance for improving rice quality.
Prognostic value of CHD family members in breast cancer
Authors: moghaddamneshat niloofar , ghaderian sayyed mohammad hossein , mohsen-pour neda , kazerani mahsa , arjmandrad elham 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Regarding the variety of symptoms experienced by breast cancer (BC) patients and the unknown etiology of the disease, the identification of a prognostic marker can effectively help in the early detection and treatment of BC. Using bioinformatic research, the prognostic value of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding family (CHD) was assessed in BC detection. All nine members of this gene family are chromatin regulators. Changes in chromatin compression and access to cellular machinery are associated with CHD proteins. These proteins are involved in cell proliferation and transcription as well as DNA damage repair. This gene family plays a decisive role in cancer development. Our UALCAN investigation indicated substantial downregulation of CHD2 and CHD9 in tumor tissues. Large mRNA expression of CHD2 and CHD8 has been also linked to superior OS and RFS, according to Kaplan-Miere curves. Moreover, a higher SBR grade was associated with lower CHD2, CHD8, CHD9, and CHD7 mRNA levels, while a lower SBR grade was linked to higher CHD7 mRNA levels. Based on the clinic-pathological findings, the mRNA levels of CHD2, CHD8, and CHD9 were lower in ER-negative, PR-negative, triple-negative, and basal-like BC, while CHD7 was higher. CHD2, CHD7, CHD8, and CHD9 mutations were detected in 8%, 15%, 7%, and 11% of BC patients, respectively, according to genetic alteration analyses in the cBioportal database. TIMER also found a link between CHD2, CHD8, and CHD9 and the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. These findings suggest CHD2, CHD7, CHD8, and CHD9 genes as promising breast cancer prognostic markers.
Synthesis of sulfonated polystyrene-based porous activated carbon for organic dyes removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Salman Nahla , Alshamsi Hassan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, aquatic pollution is one of the most important global challenges, due to discharges a wide variety of various hazardous materials from different activities which have significant environmental, economic and healthy impacts. Industries and activities related to organic dyes consume large amounts of water and contribute significantly to the growing problem of water pollution. The current study describes the conversion of plant wastes into activated carbon sphere incorporated sulfonated polystyrene (AC/SPS) for adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Congo Red (CR) dyes in a batch process. The prepared materials were characterized in term of phase structure, composition, morphology, size, porosity and thermal stability usingX-rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infra red (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron (FT-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) , transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET)-Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) . The AC/SPS in weight ratio of 10% was used as a novel adsorbent for RhB and CR remediation. The effects of equilibrium time, adsorbent dose, initial pH and temperature and have been investigated. The maximum removal efficiency of RhB and CR onto AC/SPS under optimized conditions was estimated to be 34% and 98%, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models provided the most appropriate fit for the adsorption of both RhB and CR, respectively. Based on the thermodynamic study, it was proven that the adsorption process for both dyes is endothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed of both dyes the pseudo-second order kinetic model.
A Feasibility Study for Applying Explainable Predictive Models for the Detection of Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Giri Sandeep , Farid Farnaz , Chowdhury Nafisa , Foster Jeff 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mental Health is a ubiquitous contemporary issue causing significant mortality and morbidity in today's society. There exists a strong need to develop prompt and robust diagnosis and treatment options. Further, with altered workplace conditions (especially in the Information Technology field) and more individuals working from home, a safe, supportive and flexible work environment is paramount. This is where the real potential of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) comes into play. The intersection of ML, AI and Mental Health in Personalized Healthcare is a rapidly growing field, opening up a myriad of new opportunities in terms of early diagnosis, prompt interventions and personalized healthcare plans on a patient-specific basis. This research seeks to apply ML to predict the likelihood of an individual developing a Mental Health condition. The work also considers specific mental states such as Anxiety Disorder and Mood Disorder based on a series of variables containing information about their workplace conditions, Mental Health history and hereditary factors. It also seeks to discover the most important contributing factors to the advent of each Mental Health condition. Three predictive models are developed, each with a strong level of performance, particularly for predicting the presence of a General Mental Health Disorder and Mood Disorder. The research finds the employee's ease of leave accessibility, the overall level of importance an employer places on staff Mental Health and the level of company-wide support in addressing Mental Health concerns to be critical factors influencing employees' Mental Health. Thus, this research can support workplace authorities in identifying at-risk cohorts for developing a Mental Health illness. They can suggest specific changes to their work environment to reduce such risk levels based on such identification.
Analysis of rainfall dynamics in the three main cities of northern Cameroon
Authors: Yaouba Bassirou , Dieudonné Bitondo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The northern zone of Cameroon, which depends mainly on agriculture, is considered one of the most vulnerable regions in the country to climate change. Few studies based on field data have examined the changes in climatic conditions that affect agriculture. This research focuses on fluctuations in precipitation that determine dry and wet seasons. From 1973 to 2020, data were collected from meteorological stations located in three major cities in northern Cameroon: Ngaoundere, Garoua and Maroua. Data were tested for homogeneity using the Pettitt and Buishand tests. Trends were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope estimator and the regression line, while drought severity was assessed using the standardized rainfall index method. These data homogeneity tests were performed using two statistical tools, SPSS and XLSTA software. According to the Pettitt’s test, rainfall increased by 29.6% in Ngaoundere from 1997 to 2020, compared to the previous years of 1973–1996; in Garoua, rainfall increased by 36.2% from 1988 to 2020, compared to the previous years of 1973–1987. However, from 1973 to 2020, the average rainfall in Maroua remained stable around 716.5 mm, with a decreasing trend according to the Mann-Kendall test. In conclusion, this study shows that rainfall has increased significantly in the cities of Ngaoundere and Garoua, making these areas favorable for seasonal and market gardening. However, in Maroua, caution is advised, as rainfall is reportedly decreasing in this locality, increasing the risk of food insecurity. A credible climate alert system must be implemented on a broad scale to guide farmers.
Effectiveness and safety of Stem cell therapy for Diabetic Foot: a meta-analysis update
Authors: Sun Yuming , Zhao Jinhong , Zhang Lifang , Li Zhexuan , Lei Shaorong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which brings great psychological and economic pressure to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of stem cells in the treatment of diabetic foot. Methods: All relevant literatures in Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were systematically searched for meta-analysis. The outcomes consisted of ulcer or wound healing rate, amputation rate, new vessels, ankle-brachial index (ABI), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2), pain-free walking distance, and rest pain score. Dichotomous outcomes were described as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), while continuous data were presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 14 studies with 683 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that stem cell therapy was more effective than conventional therapy in terms of ulcer or wound healing rate [OR =8.20 (5.33, 12.62)], improvement of lower extremity ischemia(new vessels) [OR=16.48 (2.88, 94.18)], ABI [MD=0.13 (0.04, 0.08)], TcO2[MD=4.23 (1.82, 6.65)], pain-free walking distance [MD =220.79 (82.10, 359.48)], and rest pain score [MD =-1.94 (-2.50, -1.39)], while the amputation rate was significantly decreased [OR =0.19 (0.10, 0.36)]. Conclusions: The meta-analysis of the current studies has shown that stem cells are significantly more effective than traditional methods in the treatment of diabetic foot, and can improve the quality of life of patients after treatment. Future studies should conduct large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials with high-quality long-term follow-up to demonstrate the most effective cell types and therapeutic parameters for the treatment of diabetic foot.
Analysis of hyperprogressive disease due to atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yumita Sae , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Nakagawa Miyuki , Maruta Susumu , Okubo Tomomi , Itokawa Norio , Iino Yotaro , Oobu Masamichi , Haga Yuki , Seki Atsuyoshi , Kogure Tadayoshi , Ishino Takamasa , Ogawa Keita , Fujiwara Kisako , Iwanaga Terunao , Fujita Naoto , Sakuma Takafumi , Kojima Ryuta , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Koroki Keisuke , Inoue Masanori , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kanogawa Naoya , Saito Tomoko , Kondo Takayuki , Nakagawa Ryo , Nakamoto Shingo , Muroyama Ryosuke , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Itobayashi Ei , Atsukawa Masanori , Koma Yoshihiro , Azemoto Ryosaku , Ito Kenji , Mizumoto Hideaki , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim: To clarify the reality of hyperprogressive disease (HPD), a phenomenon with greatly accelerated tumor growth and clinical deterioration rates compared to pre-therapy, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) using tumor dynamics. Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients with advanced HCC who were treated with Atez/Bev were retrospectively reviewed. HPD was defined as a more than two- or fourfold increase in tumor growth rate (TGR) or tumor growth kinetics rate (TGKR) pre- and post-treatment. Overall survival (OS) and baseline characteristics with or without HPD were analyzed. Results: A total of 85 patients were included in the analysis. At the first imaging, complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) were observed in 1 (1.2%), 4 (4.7%), 61 (71.8%), and 19 (22.4%) patients. When HPD was defined as a twofold of TGR or TGKR, 8 patients (9.4%, 8/85) had HPD and 11 had PD without HPD. A total of 5 patients (5.9%, 5/85) were diagnosed with HPD and 14 with PD without HPD when HPD was defined as a fourfold of TGR or TGKR. No significant difference was observed in the baseline characteristics and OS between HPD and non-HPD. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPD in patients with advanced HCC treated with Atez/Bev was lower than those treated with nivolumab monotherapy. The HPD mechanism in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combined with anti-VEGF antibody remains to be elucidated.
Potential of two probiotics Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus plantarum with inulin on mercury absorption and oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Jafarpour Dornoush , Ghaisari Hamid Reza , Majlesi Majid , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of two probiotics (Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus plantarum) along with inulin (as a prebiotic) in inhibiting the toxic impact of mercury and oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and the treatments were performed as follows: control, mercury only, mercury along with B. coagulans and inulin, and mercury along with L. plantarum and inulin. Mercury solution and probiotics were fed to the treated rats by gavage for 42 days. During the test period, body weights were taken and recorded every week. Some enzymes and biochemical factors of serum, such as SOD, GPx, MDA, AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, and total bilirubin, as well as liver SOD, were evaluated to measure the alterations in oxidative stress. Results indicated that the synbiotic diet in mercury-treated rats significantly increased the body weight, GPx, liver and serum SOD values and diminished ALT, AST, BUN, total bilirubin, and mercury accumulation in the kidney and liver in comparison with the mercury-treated group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in MDA values between all treated groups (P > 0.05). Hence, our results revealed that synbiotic diets including probiotics (B. coagulans and L. plantarum) and the prebiotic (inulin) can effectively reduce the amount of mercury in the kidney and liver and alleviate the oxidative damage of acute mercury poisoning in a rat model.
Incremental prognostic value of global longitudinal strain to the coronary microvascular resistances in Takotsubo patients
Authors: Sans-Roselló Jordi , Fernández-Peregrina Estefanía , Duran-Cambra Albert , Carreras-Mora Jose , Sionis Alessandro , Álvarez-García Jesús , Garcia-Garcia Héctor M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) allows an accurate assessment of left ventricular function with prognostic value. We aimed to evaluate whether the assessment of GLS in the acute phase of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) provides incremental prognostic value to the degree of impaired microvascular resistance (MR) in TTS patients at 1-year follow-up.Methods: We recruited 78 consecutive patients admitted for TTS who underwent cardiac angiography and echocardiography from January 2017 to June 2021. Left anterior descending coronary artery non-hyperaemic angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (LAD NH-IMRangio) was calculated. NT-proBNP, high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and GLS were measured at admission. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure (HF) events, symptomatic arrythmias and acute myocardial infarctions.Results: 67 patients had both GLS and NH-IMRangio available. Median age was 75.2 years and 88 % were women. Rate of MACE at 1-year was 23.9% mainly due to mild HF events. Kaplan-Meier curves showed higher rates of MACE at 1-year in patients with both higher LAD NH-IMRangio and GLS values compared with those with higher LAD NH-IMRangio and lower GLS values (60.0% vs 22.2%; p=0.0373). NT-proBNP levels at admission and the recovery of LVEF were correlated with GLS values while MR and hs-cTnT were not.Conclusions: GLS provides incremental prognostic value to the degree of impaired MR in TTS patients. The combination of a poorer GLS with a higher degree of impaired MR was associated with a higher rate of MACE in these patients.
The Impact of Expanded Endoscopic Approaches on Long Term Outcomes for Clival Malignancies - A Case Series
Authors: Schur Solon , Passer Joel Z. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y. , Kupferman Michael E. , DeMonte Franco , Raza Shaan M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Clival malignancies pose particular surgical challenges due to complex skull base anatomy and the involvement of vital neurovascular structures. While endoscopic endonasal approached are widely used, the outcomes for clival malignancies remain poorly understood. In this study we assessed the impact of endoscopic and open surgical approaches on PFS, time to initiation of radiotherapy, KPS, and GTR rates for clival malignancies.
Methods
A retrospective case series for clival malignancies operated between 1993 and 2019 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were age over 18 and a follow-up of at least a 6 months. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 15 statistical software package StataCorp.
Results
For the whole cohort (113 patients), and for upper and middle lesions, open surgical approaches increased odds of disease progression, compared to EEA (HR 2.10 to HR 2.43), p < 0.05. EEA had a shorter time interval from surgery to initiation of radiotherapy. No difference in 6 and 12 month KPS was found between surgical groups. Patients undergoing open surgery were less likely to achieve GTR for upper clival lesions.
Conclusions
EEA was found to be associated with increased PFS, for upper and middle clival malignancies. The time to initiation of radiotherapy was shorter for patients undergoing EEA compared to open surgery for patients with middle clival involvement. GTR rates were found to be significantly better with EEA for patients with upper clival malignancies.
Correlations between age, distance from aquatic habitats and pyrethroid resistance status of field populations of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus in south-eastern Tanzania
Authors: Pinda Polius G. , Msaky Dickson S. , Muyaga Letus L. , Mshani Issa H. , Njalambaha Rukiyah M. , Kihonda Japhet , Bwanaly Hamis , Ngowo Halfan S. , Kaindoa Emmanuel W. , Koekemoer Lizette L. , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Malaria transmission can be highly heterogeneous between and within villages, and is influenced by factors such as survival and biting frequencies of Anopheles mosquitoes. This study investigated the correlations between biological age, distance from aquatic habitats and pyrethroid resistance status of Anopheles funestus mosquitoes in south-eastern Tanzania; and how these correlations may inform improved vector control strategies.Methods: Female An. funestus were collected in houses located 50-100m, 150-200m or over 200m from the nearest known aquatic habitats. The mosquitoes were exposed to 1×, 5× and 10× the diagnostic doses of either deltamethrin or permethrin, or to the synergist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) followed by the pyrethroids, then monitored for 24hr-mortality. Ovaries of exposed and non-exposed mosquitoes were dissected to assess parity status as a proxy for biological age. Adults emerging from larval collections in the same villages were exposed to the same insecticides at 3-5, 8-11 or 17-20 days old to compare resistance. Findings: Mosquitoes collected nearest to the aquatic habitats (50-100m) had the lowest mortality compared to other distances, with a maximum of 51% mortality at 10× permethrin. For the age-synchronized mosquitoes collected as larvae, the percentage insecticide-induced mortality, assessed at both the diagnostic and multiplicative doses (1×, 5× and 10×) increased with mosquito age. The highest mortalities at 1× doses were observed among the oldest mosquitoes (17-20 days). At 10× doses, mortalities were 99% (permethrin) and 76% (deltamethrin) among 8-11 day-olds compared to 80% (permethrin) and 58% (deltamethrin) among 3-5 day-olds. Pre-exposure to PBO restored the potency of both pyrethroids. The proportion of parous females was highest among mosquitoes collected farthest from the habitats.Conclusion: In this specific setting, older An. funestus and those collected farthest from the aquatic habitats (near the centre of the village) were more susceptible to pyrethroids than younger ones and those caught nearest to the habitats. These findings suggest that pyrethroid-based interventions may remain at least moderately effective despite widespread pyrethroid-resistance by killing the older, less-resistant and potentially-infective females. Further studies should investigate whether fine-scale targeting of key interventions (e.g. preferentially spraying homes near the centres of villages) would be more impactful.
Composition Operators on ℓp(λ) and Itshypercyclicity and Supercyclicity
Authors: Naudiyal Ashish , Chandra Harish , srivast Vijay Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for thecomposition operator Cφ on the weighted sequence space ℓp(λ) to be bounded.We also characterize the range space of composition operator Cφ and thenestablish a necessary and sufficient condition for range space of Cφ to be closed.We also determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for surjectivity andalso for injectivity of composition operator Cφ. Further, we exhibit conditionsfor hypercyclicity and supercyclicity for composition operators.