bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation and microbiota analysis in 9 dogs with antibiotic‐responsive enteropathy: A prospective comparison study
Authors: Bottero Enrico , Ferriani Riccardo , Benvenuti Elena , Ruggiero Pietro , Astorina Simona , Giraldi Marco , Bertoldi Loris , Benvenuto Giuseppe , Sattin Eleonora , Gianella Paola , Suchodolski Jan S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic‐responsive enteropathy (ARE) is diagnosed by excluding other causes of diarrhea and when there is a short‐term response to administration of antibiotics.ObjectivesTo characterize the gut microbiota and clinical trend of dogs with suspected ARE and to evaluate the variation in microbiota before (T0), after 30 days (T30) of tylosin treatment, and 30 days after discontinuation of treatment (T60). A further objective was to evaluate whether changes in gut microbiota are related to relapses of diarrhea when the therapy is tapered.AnimalsStudy sample (group A) was composed of 15 dogs with chronic diarrhea, group B was composed of 15 healthy dogs. Group A was given tylosin for 30 days.MethodsA multicentric prospective study. Clinical Indexes, fecal score, and samples for microbiota analysis were collected at T0, T30, and T60 in group A and T0 and T30 in group B. The gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Qiime2 version 2020.2 was used to perform bioinformatic analyses, and Alpha‐ and Beta‐diversity were computed.ResultsDiarrhea recurred after T30 in 9 of 14 dogs, which were classified as affected by ARE. At T0, a difference was noted in the beta‐diversity between groups (Bray Curtis metric P = .006). A T0‐T30 difference in alpha‐diversity was noted in group A (Shannon index P = .001, Faith PD P = .007).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough tylosin influences the microbiota of dogs with ARE, we failed to find any specific characteristic in the microbiota of dogs with ARE.
The lipopeptides fengycin and iturin are involved in the anticandidal activity of endophytic Bacillus sp. as determined by experimental and in silico analysis
Authors: Banerjee S. , Sen S. , Bhakat A. , Bhowmick A. , Sarkar K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, an endophytic Bacillus sp. strain (K7) was isolated from the medicinally important ornamental plant, Jasminum officinale. Biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the nature of the extracted product, which displayed strong anticandidal activity against Candida albicans (CA) SC5314, as evident from the results obtained in agar-cup diffusion tests, phase-contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. After confirming the presence of the gene clusters encoding the lipopeptides iturins and fengycin in the genome of K7, their corresponding molecular ions were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. 3D structures of the lipopeptides were downloaded from specific databases and molecular docking was performed against a vital CA enzyme, exo-1,3-beta-glucanase, involved in cell wall remodelling, adhesion to polymer materials and biofilm formation. The docking score of iturins was found to be −8·6 and −8·2 kcal mol−1 and for fengycin it was −9·4 kcal mol−1, indicating a strong affinity of these cyclic lipopeptides towards exo-1,3-beta-glucanase. The combined in vitro and in silico anticandidal studies suggested that these secreted lipopeptides from Bacillus sp. may be used as potential therapeutics against opportunistic and complicated infections of CA.
Coping with antagonistic predation risks: Predator‐dependent unique responses are dominant in Ceriodaphnia cornuta
Authors: Gu Lei , Qin Shanshan , Sun Yunfei , Huang Jing , Akbar Siddiq , Zhang Lu , Yang Zhou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInducible defences of prey are evolved under diverse and variable predation risks. However, during the co‐evolution of prey and multiple predators, the responses of prey to antagonistic predation risks, which may put the prey into a dilemma of responding to predators, remain unclear. Based on antagonistic predation pressure from an invertebrate (Chaoborus larvae) and a vertebrate (Rhodeus ocellatus) predator, we studied the responses of multiple traits and transcriptomes of the freshwater crustacean Ceriodaphnia cornuta under multiple predation risks. Chaoborus predation risk altered the expression of genes encoding cuticle proteins and modulated the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, cutin, suberine, and wax, leading to the development of horns and increase in size at the late developmental stage. Meanwhile, fish predation risk primarily triggered genes encoding ribosomes and those involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and cysteine and methionine metabolism, resulting in smaller individual size and earlier reproduction. Inducible responses of both transcriptome and individual traits revealed that predator‐dependent unique responses were dominant and the dilemma of antagonistic responses was relatively limited. However, the unique individual traits in response to invertebrate predation could be significantly impaired by vertebrate predation risk, even though the unique responses to different predators were extremely weakly correlated and could be elicited simultaneously. These results indicate that diverse predator‐dependent unique responses are favoured by Ceriodaphnia during its co‐evolution with multiple predators. Nonetheless, Ceriodaphnia is not a generalist that can fully adopt all predator‐dependent unique responses simultaneously under multiple predation risks.
Older persons with multiple chronic conditions' experiences of unplanned readmission: An integrative review
Authors: Coatsworth‐Puspoky Robin , Dahlke Sherry , Duggleby Wendy , Hunter Kathleen F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs persons, 60 years of age and older live longer, they are more likely to develop one or more chronic conditions. Rising numbers of older persons with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) will increase the need for home healthcare services and hospital services and unplanned readmissions will increase globally.AimThe aim of this integrative review was to explore the experiences of older persons with MCCs' unplanned readmission from home to hospital within 30 days of discharge using an integrative review.MethodWhittemore and Knafl's method was followed to address the research aim. Four databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase) were searched between 2005 and 2020, suitability for inclusion was assessed, and data were extracted and analysed using content analysis.ResultsThirteen articles (10 qualitative, one quantitative, and two mixed methods) were included in this review. Three themes emerged from the data that reflected older persons with MCCs' unplanned readmission experiences. These themes included (a) feelings of security, support and relief; (b) undesirable challenges at home (struggling to manage care and balancing support needs); and (c) unpleasant feelings and emotions (feelings of fear and mistrust, feelings of disappointment and loss, feelings of anxiousness and pressure).ConclusionResearch about unplanned readmission to the hospital does not provide sufficient detail or understanding about older persons with MCCs' experiences or their psychosocial experiences. Addressing research gaps related to the psychosocial processes and factors associated with unplanned readmission is needed to expand the current understanding of the process and concept of unplanned readmission.
Consumer search with anticipated regret
Authors: Jin Qingwei , Zhu Mengyan , Yang Yi , Liu Lin 
Published: May 2022

Uncertainty before purchase often gives rise to postpurchase emotions that consumers might anticipate when making purchase decisions. Our study investigates how consumers' anticipated postpurchase regret affects their optimal search behavior and how this affects firms' price and assortment competition. The key tension considered in this study is that consumers balance between saving the cost of product evaluation by searching less and alleviating the potential postpurchase regret on their purchase by searching more. We use a classical sequential search framework to examine this key tension. Our results show that anticipated regret encourages more intense search across competitive alternatives, leading to an intensified price competition when search depth is exogenous (searching a fixed number of attributes) or when search depth is endogenous but full‐depth search (inspecting all attributes) emerges (with high regret intensity). However, when search depth is endogenous but partial‐depth search (inspecting a subset of attributes) emerges (with low regret intensity), the blessing effect of anticipated regret on softening firms' price competition begins to emerge. In addition, anticipated regret can achieve a “win‐win‐win” situation for consumers, firms, and the social planner. Moreover, multiproduct firms use different competitive devices with different levels of regret intensity: When regret intensity is low (high), firms focus on assortment (price) competition to retain consumers. The relevant managerial implications are discussed.
Sex differences on the relation among gross motor competence, cognition, and academic achievement in children
Authors: Fernández‐Sánchez Antonio , Redondo‐Tébar Andrés , Sánchez‐López Mairena , Visier‐Alfonso María Eugenia , Muñoz‐Rodríguez José Ramón , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: May 2022

An association between gross motor competence (GMC) and academic achievement (AA) has been described, but the potential mechanisms behind this association are still unknown. It is not known either whether these mechanisms are similar for boys and girls. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the association between GMC and AA is mediated by executive functions (EFs), and to investigate whether this mediation differs by sex. This cross‐sectional study involved 451 children aged 8 to 10 (234 girls; mean age 9.95 ± 0.59). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children‐Second Edition (MABC‐2), NIH Toolbox, and grades in language and mathematics were used to test GMC, EFs, and AA, respectively. Multifactorial structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate a possible relation between variables, controlling for confounders. The differences by sex were examined using a multi‐group SEM approach. The results showed that EFs acted as a full mediator of the relationship between GMC and AA in boys (β = 0.14, p = 0.012) but not in girls (β = 0.10, p = 0.326). These results show that the benefit of GMC on AA is mediated by EFs in boys but not in girls. Nevertheless, these conclusions should be carefully considered due to the cross‐sectional nature of the study.
The current epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Turkey, Azerbaijan and Georgia and implications for disease emergence in European countries
Authors: Özbel Yusuf , Töz Seray , Muñoz Clara , Ortuño Maria , Jumakanova Zarima , Pérez‐Cutillas Pedro , Maia Carla , Conceição Cláudia , Baneth Gad , Pereira André , Van der Stede Yves , Gossner Céline M. , Berriatua Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLeishmania spp. are sand fly‐borne protozoan parasites causing leishmaniasis in humans and animals. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Turkey, Azerbaijan and Georgia from 2005 to 2020 and evaluate the associated risk for disease emergence in European countries. It is based on an analysis of WHO and OIE reported cases between 2005 and 2020, a review of scientific articles published in SCOPUS between 2009 and 2020 and a questionnaire survey to public health and veterinary authorities in these countries. Endemic Leishmania spp. include L. infantum in the three countries, L. major in Azerbaijan and Turkey and L. tropica and L. donovani in Turkey. Leishmaniasis is reported in humans, animals and sand flies and incidence is spatially and temporarily variable. In the southern Caucasus and particularly in Georgia, reported incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis by L. infantum remains high. However, whilst Georgia experienced a gradual decrease from >4.0 cases per 100,000 population in 2005–09 to 1.13 cases per 100,000 population in 2020, the period with highest incidence in Azerbaijan, which ranged between 0.40 and 0.61 cases per 100,000 population, was 2016–2019, and no cases have so far been reported for 2020. Visceral leishmaniasis in the Southern Caucasus affects mostly young children from deprived urban areas and its closely associated to canine leishmaniasis. Turkey reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis between 2005 and 2012 and in 2016 only, and incidence ranged between 0.02 and 0.05 per 100,000 population. In contrast, the reported annual incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkey was much greater and peaked at 7.02 cases per 100,000 population in 2013, associated to imported cases from cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic Syria. Leishmaniasis by L. infantum in Azerbaijan and Georgia represents a regional public and animal health challenge that requires support to improve diagnosis, treatment and control. The unprecedented rise of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the spread of L. tropica and L. donovani in Turkey is an important risk factor for their emergence in Europe, especially in Mediterranean countries where competent vectors are widespread.
Localization and nilpotent spaces in -homotopy theory
Authors: Asok Aravind , Fasel Jean , Hopkins Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor a subring$R$of the rational numbers, we study$R$-localization functors in the local homotopy theory of simplicial presheaves on a small site and then in${\mathbb {A}}^1$-homotopy theory. To this end, we introduce and analyze two notions of nilpotence for spaces in${\mathbb {A}}^1$-homotopy theory, paying attention to future applications for vector bundles. We show that$R$-localization behaves in a controlled fashion for the nilpotent spaces we consider. We show that the classifying space$BGL_n$is${\mathbb {A}}^1$-nilpotent when$n$is odd, and analyze the (more complicated) situation where$n$is even as well. We establish analogs of various classical results about rationalization in the context of${\mathbb {A}}^1$-homotopy theory: if$-1$is a sum of squares in the base field,${\mathbb {A}}^n \,{\setminus}\, 0$is rationally equivalent to a suitable motivic Eilenberg–Mac Lane space, and the special linear group decomposes as a product of motivic spheres.
Comparison of Lost Circulation Material Sealing Effectiveness in Water-Based and Oil-Based Drilling Fluids and Under Conditions of Mechanical Shear and High Differential Pressures
Authors: Klungtvedt Karl Ronny , Saasen Arild 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the performance of granular and fibrous lost circulation materials as preventative treatments and in remedial treatment of lost circulation in water-based and oil-based drilling fluids. For the preventative treatments, a factor that introduced increased mechanical wear on the particles was added to the hot-rolling process, to identify signs of deterioration of performance of certain materials. The study of remedial treatments of lost circulation was conducted on slotted discs with apertures of 750 µm and up to 5 mm and with a differential pressure of up to 34.5 MPa (5000 psi). To compare the sealing pressures of the different tests, a simple statistical analysis was introduced to differentiate between the peak holding pressures and the sustainable holding pressures of the various material and fluids combinations. The material degradation studies showed that CaCO3-based lost circulation materials rapidly experienced significant particle degradation after exposure to fluid shear and mechanical degradation and that this considerably reduced the sealing performance of the materials. Also, synthetic graphite-based products showed clear signs in particle size degradation and a significant reduction in sealing performance. Cellulose-based products showed superior resistance toward mechanical wear and only small changes in sealing performance. When comparing water-based and oil-based fluids, it was clear that granular lost circulation materials showed considerably lower sealing efficiency in oil-based drilling fluids compared to water-based drilling fluids. In contrast, cellulose-based materials showed similar sealing performance in oil-based fluids and water-based fluids.
Dynamic Analysis of a Curved Beam With Tuning of Elastic Modulus and Mass Density in Circumferential Direction
Authors: Tatari Milad , Irandoust Soroush , Ghosh Ranajay , Tjiptowidjojo Yustianto , Nayeb-Hashemi Hamid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Deformation and stress fields in a curved beam can be tailored by changing its mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus/mass density, which is typically done using functionally graded materials (FGM). Such functional gradation can be done, for instance, by using particles or fiber-reinforced materials with different volume fractions along the beam length. This article presents in-plane vibrations of functionally graded (FG) cantilevered curved beams. Both semi-analytical and finite element modeling are employed to find natural frequencies and mode shapes of such beams. The natural frequencies obtained from the analytical solution and finite element analysis are in close agreement with an error of 6.2% when the variance of material properties gradation is relatively small. In the analytical approach, the direct method is employed to derive the governing linear differential equations of motion. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained using the Galerkin and the finite element methods. First, three natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are analyzed for different elastic modulus/mass density distribution functions. Furthermore, the natural frequencies of FG curved beams with a crack are also investigated. Our results indicate that larger cracks near the clamped side of the beam significantly decrease the first natural frequency. In the second and third vibration modes, cracks located in the area with a maximum moment result in the lowest natural frequency values. However, the second and third natural frequencies of the cracked curved beam are not affected by the presence of a crack, if the crack is located at the nodal points of the curved beam.
Gouge fabrics reset by thermal pressurization record stress on faults after earthquakes
Authors: Kuo Li-Wei , Sone Hiroki , Luzin Vladimir , Yeh En-Chao , Hsu Ya-Ju , Tan Eh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stress on seismogenic faults provides critical information about how much elastic energy is stored in the crust and released by earthquakes, which is crucial in understanding earthquake energetics and recurrence. However, determining post-earthquake stress states on faults remains challenging because current borehole methods are rarely applicable to damaged fault zone rocks. We applied neutron texture analysis to gouge samples of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan to infer the stress state after the earthquake. Results indicate that the clay fabric within the principal slip zone is orthogonal to the fault plane, whereas outside the principal slip zone the fabric is predominantly parallel to the bedding-parallel fault plane. We suggest that the clay fabric in the slip zone was first neutralized by the coseismic fluidization caused by thermal pressurization and later re-oriented to the new direction of post-earthquake principal stress. Such stress orientation is consistent with the orientations inferred from core-scale fault slip data and dislocation models constrained from global navigation satellite system displacements. If thermal pressurization is a ubiquitous process during earthquakes, gouge fabrics can be used to help probe the post-earthquake stress state of faults.
Acute and post-acute COVID-19 presentations in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lemes Italo Ribeiro , Smaira Fabiana Infante , Ribeiro Willian J. D. , Favero Natalia Koenig , Matos Luciana Diniz Nagem Janot , Pinto Ana Lúcia de Sá , Dolan Eimear , Gualano Bruno 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo describe acute/postacute COVID-19 presentations in athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe search was conducted in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus) and restricted to studies published from 2019 to 6 January 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were required to (1) include professional, amateur or collegiate/university athletes with COVID-19; (2) present data on acute/postacute COVID-19 symptoms and (3) have an observational design. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools.Results43 studies with 11 518 athletes were included. For acute presentation, the pooled event rates for asymptomatic and severe COVID-19 were 25.5% (95% CI: 21.1% to 30.5%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.7% to 2.3%), respectively. For postacute presentations, the pooled estimate of persistent symptoms was 8.3% (95% CI: 3.8% to 17.0%). Pooled estimate for myocardial involvement was 5.0% (95% CI: 2.5% to 9.8%) in athletes undergoing any cardiac testing, and 2.5% (95% CI: 1.0% to 5.8%) in athletes undergoing MRI, although clinical symptoms were not characterised. None of the studies with a control group (eg, non-infected athletes) could confirm a causal relationship between COVID-19 and myocardial involvement.ConclusionThis broad characterisation of COVID-19 presentations in athletes indicates that ~94% exhibited mild or no acute symptoms. The available evidence did not confirm a causal relationship between COVID-19 and myocardial involvement. A small proportion of athletes experienced persistent symptoms while recovering from infection, which were mostly mild in nature, but could affect return-to-play decisions and timing.
Cost-effectiveness of vitamin D3supplementation in older adults with vitamin D deficiency in Ireland
Authors: Lacey Laurence Francis , Armstrong David J , Royle Emily , Magee Pamela , Pourshahidi L Kirsty , Ray Sumantra , Strain J J , McSorley Emeir 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis study investigated the cost-effectiveness of vitamin D3supplementation in older adults in Ireland, with year-round vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <30 nmol/L) (13% of Irish adults), from the perspective of the Health Service Executive.MethodsThree age groups were investigated: (1) ≥50 years, (2) ≥60 years and (3) ≥70 years. Based on the clinical literature, vitamin D3supplementation may: (1) decrease all-cause mortality by 7% and (2) reduce hip fractures by 16% and non-hip fractures by 20%. A discount rate of 4% was applied to life years and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and healthcare costs. The annual healthcare costs per patient used in the model are based on the average annual health resource use over the 5-year time horizon of the model.ResultsThe cost/QALY estimates in all three age groups are below the usually acceptable cost-effectiveness threshold of €20 000/QALY. The most cost-effective and least costly intervention was in adults ≥70 years. For this age group, the average annual costs and outcomes would be approximately €5.6 million, 1044 QALYs gained, with a cost/QALY of approximately €5400. The results are most sensitive to the mortality risk reduction following vitamin D3supplementation.ConclusionThe cost-effectiveness of vitamin D3supplementation is most robust in adults ≥70 years. Clinical uncertainty in the magnitude of the benefits of vitamin D3supplementation could be further addressed by means of: (1) performing a clinical research study or (2) conducting a pilot/regional study, prior to reaching a decision to invest in a nationwide programme.