bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of post-spraying technology on the effects of a multi-strain probiotic viability and growth performance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Luo Nan , Wang Ling , Wang Zhaoyue , Xiao Bingbing , Wang Nian , Yu Xiaojuan , Wu Denghui , Song Zengfu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present experiment was to study the feasibility of supplementing a multi-strain probiotic (MSP, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum) culture by the technology of post-spraying, the viability of the MSP in the post-spraying and storage process, growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota of grass carp were assessed. Grass carp (41.4 ± 1.8 g) was fed with a basal diet (control group) and the MSP-basal diet containing 105 CFU/g (T1 group) or 106 CFU/g (T2 group) probiotics supplemented by the post-spraying technology in 9 cages (100 fish/ cage) for 6 weeks. The population of the probiotics was appraised (Log CFU) for 30 days. The results revealed that the viability of the B. subtilis and L. plantarum was 98.14% and 98.09% in the process of post-spraying technology, 99.13% and 99.10% after 30 days of storage respectively. The diet supplemented MSP significantly improved the percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR) of grass carp, and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant improvement on the digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity was shown in the MSP groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the MSP beneficially modulated the intestinal microbiota of grass carp. Overall, these results indicated that the post-spraying technology supplied a feasible and potential way to supplement the liquid probiotics culture in the aquatic feedstuff industry with high viability to promote the liquid probiotics application.
Combined clustered scan-based metal artifact reduction algorithm (CCS-MAR) for ultrasound-guided cardiac radioablation
Authors: Puvanasunthararajah Sathyathas , Saskia Saskia , Wille Marie-Luise , Fontanarosa Davide 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cardiac radioablation is a promising treatment for cardiac arrhythmias, but accurate dose delivery can be affected by heart motion. For this reason, real-time cardiac motion monitoring during radioablation is of paramount importance. Real-time ultrasound (US) guidance can be a solution. The US-guided cardiac radioablation workflow can be simplified by the simultaneous US and planning computed tomography (CT) acquisition, which can result in US transducer-induced metal artifacts on the planning CT scans. To reduce the impact of these artifacts, a new metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm (named: Combined Clustered Scan-based MAR [CCS-MAR]) has been developed and compared with iMAR (Siemens), O-MAR (Philips) and MDT (ReVision Radiology) algorithms. CCS-MAR is a fully automated sinogram inpainting-based MAR algorithm, and it does not depend on access to sinograms from CT scanners. The key step of CCS-MAR is the creation of an artifact-free combined clustered scan which is then used in the normalized MAR method to reduce the metal artifacts. To evaluate the robustness of CCS-MAR, conventional CT scans and/or dual-energy CT scans from three anthropomorphic phantoms and transducers with different sizes were used. The performance of CCS-MAR for metal artifact reduction was compared with other algorithms through visual inspection, artifact magnitude calculation, and HU value restoration evaluation. The results of this study show that CCS-MAR effectively reduced the US transducer-induced metal artifacts and that it improved HU value accuracy more or comparable to other MAR algorithms. These promising results justify future research into US transducer-induced metal artifact reduction for the US-guided cardiac radioablation purposes.
Geology and Structure of Uru-Ugworji Diorite Lokpanukwu, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwosu Obinnaya Chikezie Victor , Ibe Kalu Kalu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Geological, Geophysical and Core analyses were carried out in Uru Quarry site, Lokpaukwu located between latitudes 5056.149’N and 5056.193’N and between 7028.312’E and 7028.356’E. Geologic formations that underlie the study area are the Asu River Group and Eze-Aku Formation. Five rock units are found in the area; siltstone found in the eastern portion of the study area and occurs as a “CAP” on the shale. The middle portion of the study area is underlain by shale, and it occupies one-half of the study area. Calcareous sandstone occupies the Western portion of the area. The Eastern portion is Dolerite which is the basic rock matter that cuts across siltstone and shale. Iron is found with the basic rock matter in the area. Geological studies on the study area indicate the five rock units and their outcrops; 2 geological sections were interpreted. Geophysical methods using the Electrical Resistivity Sounding of Schlumberger indicates the West, Northwestern and Central portions of the area have thick sedimentary sequence and the Eastern portion of the study area is made up of igneous body which is the main part of this project; the basic rock having a high resistivity value, followed by sandstone, siltstone and shale with moderate to low resistivity. Core analysis carried on eleven core samples obtained at the Eastern portion of the study area shows that the core samples consist of the rock unit found in the area. In the Obichioke area were nine core samples consisting of rock units too. Core data analysis of the study area indicates the location and kind of rocks found in the study area; mineral present and the strength of the rock units found in Lokpaukwu area. Geologic mapping shows that a major fault occur in the area separating the viable Uru end from the non-viable Obichioke lot. The fault trace shows primarily recrystallization (alcitic matter). Thus, it is suggested that similar studies be made before the establishment of quarries whenever igneous (basic) units occur.
Fractional-order multivariable adaptive control based on a nonlinear scalar update law
Authors: Yan Fang , Hou Xiaorong , Tian Tingting 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, a new fractional-order model reference adaptive control (FOMRAC) framework based on a nonlinear scalar update law is proposed for a fractional-order multivariable system with parameter uncertainty. The scalar update law does not change as the input-output dimension changes. Compared with the existing results, the main advantage of the proposed adaptive controller is that only one parameter online updating is needed such that the control scheme is structurally simple and computationally inexpensive. We further show that all signals in this adaptive scheme are bounded and that the mean value of the squared norm of the error converges to zero. Two illustrative numerical examples are presented to test the efficiency of the proposed architecture
P-value and Bayesian analysis in randomized-controlled trials in child health research published in 2007 and 2017: a methodological review
Authors: Aregbesola Alex , Gates Allison , Coyle Amanda , Sim Shannon , Vandermeer Ben , Skakum Megan , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina , Heath Anna , Hartling Lisa , Klassen Terry P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Reliance on P-value of significance in clinical trials is a source of debate because of misconceptions and misinterpretations associated with it. Bayesian methods are suggested as an alternative approach. As randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) are essential in generating research evidence, we investigated the change in the use of P-values and Bayesian analysis and the clustering of P-values at key significance levels in child health RCTs published in 2007 and 2017.
Methods
We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify random samples of child health RCTs published in 2007 (n = 300) and 2017 (n = 300). Data on trial characteristics and analytic approaches were extracted. We analyzed the 600 RCTs using the frequentist and Bayesian methods. The change in the proportion of trials reporting P-values and Bayesian analyses was assessed using Pearson/Fisher Exact tests and non-informative Dirichlet priors.
Results
Of 600 RCTs, 535 (89%) used frequentist methods only versus 65 (11%) that included some Bayesian methods. Only 2 of the 65 trials used Bayesian inferential statistics. The use of frequentist methods decreased from (273, 91% to 262, 87%) while the inclusion of Bayesian analysis slightly increased from (27, 9% to 38, 13%) between 2007 and 2017. Although most RCTs were from Europe (172, 29%) and North America (133, 22%), the increase in proportion of trials by continent was most in Asia (mean difference (MD) = 0.14, 95% credible interval (CI) 0.08–0.20) with posterior probability (PP) of 1.00. Parallel (487, 81.2%) and cluster (58, 9.7%) RCTs were the most common RCT types but the increase in cluster RCT (0.06, 95%CI 0.02–0.11, PP = 0.99) was more than any other RCT types over 10 years. We found clustering of P-values at the significance level of 0.05 (437, 72.8%), which increased between 2007 (209, 69.7%) and 2017 (228, 76%). The smallest P-value reported in this review was 0.0001 (1, 0.2%).
Conclusions
The statistical framework in child health RCTs has not changed from the frequentist methods that is based on P-values with an unexplained clustering at the significance level of 0.05. Bayesian methods may increase the confidence in interpretation of results of RCTs
Assessing Physicochemical Parameters and Trophic Status of Lake Hayq, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Aragaw Molla , Desale Tewodrose , Asmare Metafet , Endris Seid , Metaferia Girum 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lakes are one of the most important resources for human like tourism, irrigation and drinking. Hence lake water quality should be regularly monitored for better management of the water resources. The aim of the study was to assess the current physicochemical property and the trophic status of lake Hayq which is located in the norther part of Ethiopia. Using non probability with judgmental sampling method, eighteen water samples at six sampling sites were collected in pre wet season (May), wet (July) and post wet (December) of 2020. Both on site and laboratory analyze of water quality parameters were conducted. Data analyses used descriptive statix10 to summarize and analyze of the data, T-test for temporal variation and, GIS (IDW) interpolation was used for analyzing of spatial variation. The result shows, the mean value of temperature 27.3C°, turbidity 7.8NTU, SD 1.3m, pH 8.5, EC 908.83µs/cm, TDS 464.8mg/L, TP1.3mg/L, TN 21.84mg/L, DO 7.69mg/l, COD 13.33mg/l, BOD 6.40 mg/L and chlorophyll a 35µg/L. The comparison of result with fresh water guideline (EPA/USEPA) T, DO, pH and EC with in permissible limits and TDS, Tur, TP, TN, COD, BOD and CH-a was above permissible limits. The temporal variation of pollutions was statistically significant (p<0.05) in average dry and wet. GIS IDW interpolation shows significant color difference in spatially variation of parameters along lake shore. Trophic State index was TSI 76.7 and TLI 67.5 that indicates higher eutrophic level. Therefore, providing terrace, buffer zone, and silt trap are needed to reduce the overflow of pollution.
Introduction to the 100-m X-ray Test Facility at IHEP
Authors: Wang Yusa , Zhao Zijian , Hou Dongjie , Yang Xiongtao , Chen Can , Li Xinqiao , Zhu Yuxuan , Zhao Xiaofan , Ma Jia , Xu He , Chen Yupeng , Wang Guofeng , Lu Fangjun , Zhang Shuangnan , Zhang Shu , Chen Yong , Xu Yupeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The 100-m X-ray Test Facility of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) was initially proposed in 2012 for the test and calibration of the X-ray detectors of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) with the capability to support future X-ray missions. The large instrument chamber connected with a long vacuum tube can accommodate the X-ray mirror, focal plane detector and other instruments. The X-ray sources are installed at the other end of the vacuum tube with a distance of 105 m, which can provide an almost parallel X-ray beam covering 0.2∼60 keV energy band. The X-ray mirror modules of the Einstein Probe (EP) and the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) and pay-load of the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) have been tested and calibrated with this facility. It has been also used to characterize the focal plane camera and aluminum filter used on the Einstein Probe. In this paper, we will introduce the overall configuration and capability of the facility, and give a brief introduction of some calibration results performed with this facility.
Association between Blood Pressure Variability and Clinical Outcomes after Successful Recanalization in Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke after Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Lu You , Hu Jian , Lin Wenjian , Zhou Xiaoyu , Shen Rui , Zhang Quanbin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Nearly half of patients who undergo mechanical thrombectomy (MT) do not experience a favorable outcome. The association between blood pressure fluctuation and clinical outcomes after successful MT is controversial. We evaluated the influence of blood pressure variability (BPV) on the clinical outcomes of stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who underwent successful recanalization after MT.Methods: Patients with anterior circulation LVO stroke who underwent successful emergency MT (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction, mTICI≥2b[A1] ) at the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University from 2017 to 2021 were enrolled. Multivariate logistic models were used to investigate the association between BPV (mean arterial pressure [MAP] assessed using the standard deviation [SD]) and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was 90‐day modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS), and the secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). [A2] Results:A total of 458 patients [A3] (56.8% men), with a mean age of 72 ± 11 years, were enrolled. Among them, 207 (45.2%) patients had unfavorable functional outcomes (mRS score 3–6) at 90 days, 61 (13.3%) patients died within 30 days, and 20 (4.4%) patients had sICH. In a fully adjusted model, BPV was associated with a higher risk of a 90-day mRS score of 3–6 (P=0.04), 30-day mortality (P<0.01), and sICH (P<0.01). [A4] A significant interaction between MAP SD and rescue futile recanalization treatment was observed (P<0.01).Conclusions:Among patients with LVO stroke who underwent successful recanalization, higher BPV was associated with worse functional outcomes, especially in those who underwent rescue treatment.
Real-time near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of the paraspinal collateral network: comparison of two clinically available systems
Authors: Dietze Zara , von Aspern Konstantin , Haunschild Josephina , Ossmann Susann , Borger Michael A. , Etz Christian D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Efficacy of near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of paraspinal collateral network (cnNIRS) has been shown to provide additional safety in extensive aortic repair. Better understanding of available cnNIRS monitoring systems regarding differences in performance for this specific purpose is required.
Methods
Two systems (FORE-SIGHT®, CAS Medical Systems, USA and INVOS™ 5100C; Medtronic, Ireland) used at 4 paravertebral levels (mid and lower thoracic, upper and lower lumbar) were compared in an acute large animal model during three different experimental sequences mimicking relevant clinical scenarios: segmental artery (SA) occlusion by (1) open-access clip-occlusion (n = 7), (2) endovascular coil-embolization (n = 9) and distal circulatory arrest via (3) aortic cross-clamping (n = 9).
Results
Significant differences in oxygenation measurements between devices were observed only at the lower thoracic level during SA clipping and aortic cross-clamping (p < 0.001). During SA clipping, FORE-SIGHT and INVOS demonstrated reduction to 85% and 72% of baseline values after occlusion of the mid-thoracic region, with mean differences between devices varying from 12.9 to 20.6% (p > 0.05) throughout the experiment. In the aortic cross-clamp sequence, reduction of values was observed in both devices, with FORE-SIGHT having less pronounces decrease during cross-clamping compared to INVOS (mean differences 1.0-14.7%, p > 0.05), and slower response to reperfusion after declamping (72 to 84% within 1 minute in FORE-SIGHT and 57 to 99% in INVOS).
Conclusion
Both devices provide similar cnNIRS monitoring applicability at mid-thoracic, upper and lower lumbar levels. INVOS seems to have a more rapid and pronounced response to open SA sequential occlusion and aortic cross-clamping at the lower thoracic level.
EFFECT OF DEBITTERING METHODS ON THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL OF DEFATTED AND UNDEFATTEDSWEET ORANGE SEED FLOURS
Authors: Ernest Emojorho Eguono , Mmuoemene Okonkwo Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the effect of debittering methods on the chemical, physiochemical and shelf-life of flours produced from dibittered orange seeds. The orange seeds were removed manually from sweet orange fruits, soaked in water for 12 hours and then boiled at 100 0C for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min, respectively. The boiled seeds were dehulled manually, ground, and a portion defatted with absolute ethanol, milled and sieved. The various defatted and undefatted orange seed flours were analyzed for chemical and physiochemical properties. The orange seed flours contained 7.53 % – 54.58 % protein, 3.94 % – 47.32 % fat, 2.55 % – 24.58 % crude fiber, 2.03 % – 6.89 % ash, 2.53 % – 61.27 % moisture content, 5.62 – 58.47 % carbohydrate, 78.10 – 295.22 oxalate, 0.0 – 196.00 Hu/mg haemaglutinin, 0.0 – 86.45 mg/100g tannins, 128.54 – 303 mg/100g pytate, 1.51 – 1.98 g/g water absorption capacity, 1.060 – 1.625 g/g oil absorption capacity, 67 – 75 % dispersibility, 14.44 – 42.00 S wetability, 59.24 – 70.42 0C gelation temperature, 5 – 20 g least gelation capacity, 0.40 – 0.69 g/cm3 and bulk density. Orange seed waste maybe transformed in to useful product due to its nutritional quality to alleviate malnutrition and produce better quality products. Substituting orange seed flour with wheat flour will improved the protein, minerals, vitamin, fat and fiber content of the composite flour.
Urban scale risk assessment including SSI and site amplification
Authors: Amendola Chiara , Pitilakis Dimitris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Large-scale risk analysis is typically performed considering existing fragility curves, calculated in most cases without adequately accounting for local site amplification (SA) and soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. Nevertheless, foundation flexibility and local site effects may lead to a substantial margin of fragility or loss estimates, especially for structures resting on soft soil. Including these effects on the city-scale vulnerability analysis is challenging due to the entailed complexity of defining the whole interacting urban system. We propose a novel framework for the fragility assessment of structures considering the influence of SSI and local site amplification effects, suitable for large-scale applications. The applicability of the proposed approach is based on globally available data regarding the soil, the foundation, and the building portfolio. Site amplification is considered directly in the resulting fragility curves using site response analyses. An improved taxonomy is adopted to make the approach implementable in the OpenQuake software, introducing VS,30 as a proxy for the site and SSI effects. Finally, following the performance-based earthquake engineering framework, the outcomes of the methodological framework are adopted to estimate the nominal probability of failure for selected building classes belonging to the majority of structural types of the city of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece. The main findings demonstrate that the conventional way of calculating fragility curves may lead to an incorrect seismic risk evaluation, especially in soft soil formations.
The effect of station density in geostatistical prediction of air temperatures in Sweden: a comparison of two interpolation techniques
Authors: Njoku Elijah , Akpan Patrick , Effiong Augustine , Babatunde Isaac 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sparse coverage of meteorological stations reporting climatic variables is a key challenge in generating spatially continuous temperature data set because sparse coverage of stations is known to introduce uncertainty in the interpolation of temperature and related data sets. Consequently, development of methods to improve the accuracy of interpolated surfaces based on sparsely distributed point measurements has been an area of active research in geospatial studies. In this study, we assessed and compared Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) and EBK Regression Kriging (EBKRP) interpolation techniques in terms of their accuracy under varying sampling density scenarios using monthly maximum temperature normals (1991–2020) for the entire area of Sweden as a case study. The EBK family of geostatistical interpolation methods are touted to have a generally higher interpolation accuracy over other interpolation techniques especially when sample data is sparse or locally non-stationary. Here, seven sampling density scenarios were created which ranged from 1 sample per 63,614 km2 to 1 sample per 634,350 km2, representing both low and high sampling density situations. The accuracy assessment was based on five robust prediction performance indices including mean error, mean absolute error, mean square error, root mean square error and Pearson correlation R, obtained from independent validation /cross-validation operation. The results show that generally, prediction accuracy was positively related to sampling density and sampling density accounted for 85% – 87% of interpolation accuracy as indicated in the RMSE and MAE for both EBK and EBKRP techniques. However, even though sampling density increased linearly, the rate of change in accuracy from one sampling density scenario to the next was not constant nor linear. A rapid increase (jump) in accuracy was noted when transiting from 40–60% sampling density scenario, but the rate remained fairly stable before and after 40% and 60%, respectively. For equivalent sampling density set-ups, EBKRP consistently performed better than EBK in all the accuracy metrics and EBKRP is generally considered to be about 40% better than EBK. Generally, the two interpolation techniques produced very low prediction bias at all the sampling density scenarios investigated. Our study suggests that potential effect of low sampling density and non-stationarity of sample data can be significantly reduced and, depending on the desired level of accuracy, EBK and EBKRP could produce reasonably accurate prediction surfaces even in a widely varying sampling densities settings. This is especially true for continuous and slowly varying phenomena such as temperature and similar variables.