bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrohydrodynamic Direct‐Writing Fabrication of Microstructure‐Enhanced Microelectrode Arrays for Customized and Curved Physiological Electronics
Authors: Zou Wuhao , Yu Haibo , Lv Xiaofeng , Zhou Peilin , Guo Hongji , Zhong Ya , Liu Lianqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetal‐based patterned conductors have a key role in flexible and curved micro/nanodevices. However, the fabrication of micro/nanoscale metal‐based electrodes with excellent electrical conductivities and well‐organized flexible/curved polymeric substrates remains a major challenge associated with a posttreatment. In this study, a maskless and direct‐writing method of electrohydrodynamic jet (e‐jet) printing combined with the conventional wet etching process is developed for fabrication of microscale conductive features of microstructure‐enhanced patterned electrodes without high‐temperature treatment. Customized metal‐patterned electrodes and various metal‐patterned electrode arrays are fabricated on a flexible/curved polyethylene terephthalate substrate. In addition, ultraviolet‐curable hierarchical micro/nanostructures can be fabricated by stable cone‐jet and electrospray modes. The results of electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography signal measurements show that the added microstructures can increase the contact between the metal microelectrodes and skin surface, which yield lower disturbance and baseline drift and enable a stable ECG signal acquisition. Overall, e‐jet printing is a promising mask‐free approach for fabrication of conductive metal patterns for flexible and stretchable devices.
Output and Negative‐Region Characteristics in Organic Anti‐Ambipolar Transistors
Authors: Zhu Junyi , Mori Takehiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCharacteristics of anti‐ambipolar transistors (AATs) are perfectly represented by a model of series transistors, and the transistor parameters are extracted from experimentally observed characteristics, where not only the transfer but also the output characteristics follow the square dependence derived from the saturated region. The consistency of the observed and calculated results demonstrates carriers are all recombined in the lateral p–n junction region. The transfer curve has a characteristic sharp peak, but when there is an overlapped region (Vthh > Vthe), the peak is rounded because both transistors are operated in the linear regions. In such a case, a nonzero current appears even at negative VD accompanied by a constant ID region at large negative VD. This study offers a quantitative analysis of organic AATs depending on the different operation regions.
Resistive Switching in Ag2Te Semiconductor Modulated by Ag+‐Ion Diffusion and Phase Transition
Authors: Guo Anan , Bai Hui , Liang Qi , Feng Liping , Su Xianli , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Wu Jinsong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMemristors are considered to be the fourth circuit element and have great potential in areas like logic operations, information storage, and neuromorphic computing. The functional material in a memristor, which has a nonlinear resistance, is the key component to be developed. Herein, resistive switching is demonstrated and the structural evolutions in Ag2Te are examined under an external electric field. It is shown that the electroresistance effect is originating from an electronically triggered phase transition together with directional Ag+‐ion diffusion. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, the phase transition from the monoclinic α‐Ag2Te into the face‐centered cubic b‐Ag2Te, accompanied by a change in resistance, is directly observed. Diffusion of Ag+‐ions modulates the localized density of Ag+‐ion vacancies, leading to a change in electrical conductivity and influences the threshold voltage to trigger the phase transition. During the electric field‐driven phase transition, the spontaneous and localized multiple polarizations from the low‐symmetry α‐Ag2Te (referring to an antiferroelectric structure) are vanishing in the cubic b‐Ag2Te (referring to a paraelectric structure). The abrupt resistance change of thin Ag2Te caused by the phase transition and modulated by the applied electric field demonstrates its great potential as functional material in volatile memory and memristors with a low‐energy consumption.
Elasticities of substitution between marketing and farm inputs in a complete system of food commodities
Authors: Lee Youhong , Li Qingxiao , Çakır Metin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe elasticities of substitution between marketing and farm inputs are important for modeling the shape of derived demand and understanding the market structure in the food market. Wohlgenant develops a theoretical framework and finds significant substitution between marketing and farm inputs. The estimates in Wohlgenant have been widely used in economic studies on the US food market, and in this paper, we replicate the results, perform robustness checks, and update the estimates using recent data. Despite minor discrepancies, we are able to replicate most of the results in Wohlgenant and maintain robust estimates when we apply ridge regression. Using updated data, we calculate new estimates of the elasticities and find that marketing firms have become less competitive. We discuss important market trends in recent years and highlight potential venues for future research.
Counteracting dishonesty strategies: A field experiment in life insurance underwriting
Authors: Christodoulou Demetris , Samuell Doron , Slonim Robert , Tausch Franziska 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndividuals often face financial incentives that challenge their desire to behave honestly. Strategically making excuses to justify dishonesty allows them to give in to the temptation of financial benefit and retain their moral self‐image. In the context of insurance underwriting, the stakes are high, as providing false information or redacting information allows customers to reduce premiums. This is particularly true for smoking disclosures that carry great weight in life insurance. We conduct a field study with a large insurance company with the aim of neutralizing justification strategies that individuals deploy for reducing the costs of dishonest smoking disclosures to insurers. First, we raise awareness of the negative consequences dishonesty could have on other policy holders to counteract that individuals could attenuate or ignore such adverse consequences. Second, we make salient the pro‐social efforts of the insurer to work against a potentially negative perception of the insurance industry that may feed the excuse of insurance companies being deserving of harm. The study presents field evidence that messages containing information about the social consequences of one's actions or the pro‐social behavior of a second party can influence normative behavior, particularly honesty.
The achievement gap: The impact of between‐class attainment grouping on pupil attainment and educational equity over time
Authors: Hodgen Jeremy , Taylor Becky , Francis Becky , Craig Nicole , Bretscher Nicola , Tereshchenko Antonina , Connolly Paul , Mazenod Anna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite extensive research on attainment grouping, the impact of attainment grouping on pupil attainment remains poorly understood and contested. This paper presents evidence from a study conducted with 2944 12–13 year olds, from 76 schools in England, who were allocated to between‐class attainment groups (‘setting’) in English and mathematics over the first 2 years of secondary schooling. After controlling for prior attainment, pupils in the top set performed significantly better than pupils in the middle and bottom sets in both English and mathematics. The findings indicate a widening gap in attainment, especially in the case of English. Findings, especially in the case of mathematics, provide more evidence of a relative benefit for pupils placed in top sets than a relative detriment for those in bottom sets.
Association of increased pain intensity, daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, and quality of life with mobile phone overuse in patients with migraine: A multicenter, cross‐sectional comparative study
Authors: Butt Mehwish , Chavarria Yeny , Ninmol Jesse , Arif Aabiya , Tebha Sameer Saleem , Daniyal Muhammad , Siddiqui Umesa Mazhar , Shams Syeda Samia , Sarfaraz Qubra , Haider Syeda Fatima , Essar Mohammad Yasir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground: The number of regular smartphone users has increased dramatically worldwide. Headaches, followed by sleep difficulties, forgetfulness, dizziness, and other ailments, are among the most prevalent complaints among smartphone users during or after use. In addition, migraine is a debilitating disease and is the world's second leading cause of disability. Hence, we performed this study to determine how smartphone overuse influenced migraine patients' level of disability, pain intensity, sleep quality, and overall quality of life.Methods: In this observational study, the patients were divided into two groups high mobile phone use group (HMPUG) and the low mobile phone user group (LMPUG) using the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale. We assessed, for each group, patients’ level of disability, pain intensity, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life through the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and 24‐h Migraine Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively.Results: Our study showed that the respondents' average age was 27.59 (9.79) years. The average number of family members was 5.98 (2.3251). A total of 65.8% (n = 263) of the 400 participants were female, while 34.3 % (n = 137) were male. Greater pain intensity, poor sleep quality, and reduced medication effectivity were found in HMPUG compared to LMPUG (p < .05). However, increased duration of migraine and medication intake was reported in the LMPUG (p < .05).Conclusion: We observed that smartphone overuse could worsen pain, sleep, and reduce treatment efficacy in individuals with migraine. Therefore, controlled smartphone use is recommended to avoid worsening symptoms.
Effects of the different periods and magnitude of COVID‐19 infection spread on cancer operations: Interrupted time series analysis of medical claims data
Authors: Kashiwagura Natsue , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Cooray Upul , Fukase Ryu , Katayama Yukiko , Osaka Ken , Murakami Masayasu , Ikeda Takaaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNo clear evidence exists regarding the effects of the different periods and magnitude of spread of the COVID‐19 infection on cancer treatments. This study investigated the effects of the different periods and magnitude of COVID‐19 infection spread on in‐hospital cancer operations.MethodsMedical claims data from 17 hospitals where in‐hospital operations for patients with malignant neoplasms were performed between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2021 in Yamagata were extracted and analyzed. The critical time points as exposure used to evaluate the impact of different COVID‐19 infection spread periods on cancer operations were (1) April 2020 (emergency declaration introduced by the government) and (2) December 2020 (the second wave). From April to November 2020 and December 2020 to March 21, the number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases was 130 and 840, respectively. The 17 hospitals were classified into intervention or control groups based on whether in‐hospital treatments for patients with COVID‐19 were provided.ResultsThe interrupted time series analysis reported that the difference in the trend of pre‐COVID‐19 and postsecond wave (March 2020 to December 2020) periods was statistically significant between groups, with 50.67 fewer operations (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.19–89.15) performed per month in the intervention group compared with the control group. Moreover, the immediate change in the number of operations in April 2020 (beginning of the first wave) was statistically significant between groups, with 80.14 operations (95% CI = 39.62–120.67) less immediately after the first wave in the intervention group compared with the control group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a statement of emergency by the government and the COVID‐19 infection spread are both associated with the number of cancer operations performed in the Yamagata prefecture during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Patterns of homicide in Sfax, Tunisia: A 9‐year cohort study (2011–2019)
Authors: Wiem Ben Amar , Hela Siala , Malek Zribi , Narjes Karray , Zouhir Hammami , Samir Maatoug 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn Tunisia, since the January 2011 revolution, there has been considerable media interest in violence, particularly homicides. A popular perspective is, aside from any politically motivated killings, of a rise in homicides from year to year. In the absence of Tunisian national homicide statistics, a more accurate picture may be obtainable from area pathologist records.AimsTo examine annual homicide rates from post‐mortem data for the second largest administrative area of Tunisia, Sfax, with a mixed urban‐rural population of about one million people.MethodsAll victims of common law homicide for the region are taken to the forensic department of one hospital in Sfax. We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of all such cases of homicide for the 9 year period from the date of the fall of the Tunisian government in 14 January 2011 to 31 December 2019 and linked these data to those from earlier studies in the same department.ResultsOne hundred and nine victims of unlawful homicide were identified during this nine year period, with an average of 12 cases per year and a peak of 17 cases in 2016, yielding a broadly consistent rate of 1.2 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants and no consistent pattern in fluctuations. Just over two‐thirds of the victims were men. Mean age of victims was 34.85 years (range 8–90 years). Just under half were married (45%); largest employment groups were of low‐paid casual workers (40%) or unemployed (28%). One third of the killings had taken place in a private residence, with interpersonal conflict given as the largest explanatory category; over one quarter were intra‐familial and 14% between intimate partners. There was some seasonal variation, with nearly two‐thirds of homicides occurring in the spring and summer months.ConclusionContrary to press hype, we found no evidence of rising homicide rates in Southern Tunisia, although this does represent a different picture from that in the north of the country. The seasonal variation would merit further exploration as it raises questions around impact of fluctuations in mental health.
Self‐supporting Nickel Phosphide/ Hydroxides Hybrid Nanosheet Array as Superior Bifunctional Electrode for Urea‐Assisted Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Kaixun , Tong Yun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUrea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an important strategy to synergistically realize energy‐saving hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea‐rich wastewater purification by replacing water oxidation in water electrolysis. However, the efficient realization of integral urea electrolysis remains challenging. Herein, a self‐supporting Ni2P−Ni(OH)2 hybrid nanosheet array on nickel foam (Ni2P@Ni(OH)2/NF) is designed by a simple hydrothermal accompanied by electrodeposition strategy, representing a new class of bifunctional electrodes for urea‐assisted water electrolysis. The Ni2P@Ni(OH)2/NF reaches the current density of 100 mA cm−2 at potentials of −0.16 V and 1.388 V, along with small Tafel slopes of 69 mV dec−1 and 33 mV dec−1 for HER/UOR, respectively. For the HER||UOR coupled system, the constructed electrolyzer only needs 1.38 V to realize the current density of 100 mA cm−2 under 80 °C. The superior bifunctional activity of the Ni2P@Ni(OH)2/NF electrode is ascribed to the combined merits of the Ni2P@Ni(OH)2 heterostructure, enriching the catalytic active sites and offering a faster charge transfer process for electrolysis. Our work provides important insights into the design of highly active bifunctional catalysts from the perspective of overall water electrolysis.
A PDE‐regularized smoothing method for space–time data over manifolds with application to medical data
Authors: Ponti Luca , Perotto Simona , Sangalli Laura M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose an innovative statistical‐numerical method to model spatio‐temporal data, observed over a generic two‐dimensional Riemanian manifold. The proposed approach consists of a regression model completed with a regularizing term based on the heat equation. The model is discretized through a finite element scheme set on the manifold, and solved by resorting to a fixed point‐based iterative algorithm. This choice leads to a procedure which is highly efficient when compared with a monolithic approach, and which allows us to deal with massive datasets. After a preliminary assessment on simulation study cases, we investigate the performance of the new estimation tool in practical contexts, by dealing with neuroimaging and hemodynamic data.
Including visual representations within senior high school biology assessment: Considerations of grammatical complexity
Authors: Fenwick Lisl , Unsworth Len 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses the opportunities for presenting knowledge that are created when assessment allows senior high school biology students to draw on linguistic and visual resources when constructing meaning in response to short‐answer examination‐style questions requiring a sequential explanation. Students within one senior high school biology class were given the opportunity to respond to an examination‐style question through both written and visual representations. Analysis of the student responses for high and middle‐achieving students, from a systemic functional linguistics perspective, indicates that high‐achieving students use a broader range of grammatical forms more often than middle‐achieving students to present key understandings of classification and composition within both written and visual representations. Including opportunities within assessment for students to express knowledge through written and visual representations allows for students to elaborate within their short‐answer responses and to construct the broader range of representations that is valued within the discipline, but explicit guidance is required to support all students to make use of the complex grammatical patterns within written and visual representation. For senior high school biology students to be successful in the final stages of schooling, explicitness about the complex grammars of visual and written representations is required within curriculum and pedagogy.
Towards the scalability comparison of the Jool implementation of the 464XLAT and of the MAP‐T IPv4aaS technologies
Authors: Lencse Gábor , Nagy Norbert 
Published: September 2022

Summary464XLAT and MAP‐T are both IPv4‐as‐a‐Service technologies aiming to provide IPv4 service to the customers, while ISPs use only IPv6 in their access and core networks. The ISPs need to consider several different aspects, like scalability, compatibility with the applications, and efficiency of public IPv4 address sharing, when selecting the most appropriate IPv4aaS technology for their specific application scenario. The aim of our current effort is to make an initial step towards the comparison of the scalability of the 464XLAT and of the MAP‐T IPv4aaS technologies. We point out the gap between the most desirable measurement method and the available testing tools. We measure the scale‐up of the performance of the Jool implementation of 464XLAT and MAP‐T as a function of the number of active CPU cores up to 16 cores using an available testing tool called dns64perf++. We fully disclose our detailed measurement setup and our results, as well as the analysis of our results pointing out the bottleneck during the measurements. We also outline the directions of our future research
Non‐native grazers affect physiological and demographic responses of greater sage‐grouse
Authors: Behnke Tessa , Street Phillip , Davies Scott , Ouyang Jenny Q. , Sedinger James S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNon‐native ungulate grazing has negatively impacted native species across the globe, leading to massive loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their pervasiveness, interactions between non‐native grazers and native species are not fully understood. We often observe declines in demography or survival of these native species, but lack understanding about the mechanisms underlying these declines. Physiological stress represents one mechanism of (mal)adaptation, but data are sparse. We investigated glucocorticoid levels in a native avian herbivore exposed to different intensities of non‐native grazing in the cold desert Great Basin ecosystem, USA. We measured corticosterone, a glucocorticoid in feathers for a large sample (n = 280) of female greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) from three study areas in Northern Nevada and Southern Oregon with different grazing regimes of livestock and feral horses. We found that greater feral horse density was associated with higher corticosterone levels, and this effect was exacerbated by drought conditions. Livestock grazing produced similar results; however, there was more model uncertainty about the livestock effect. Subsequent nesting success was lower with increased feather corticosterone, but corticosterone levels were not predictive of other vital rates. Our results indicate a physiological response by sage‐grouse to grazing pressure from non‐native grazers. We found substantial among‐individual variation in the strength of the response. These adverse effects were intensified during unfavorable weather events, highlighting the need to reevaluate management strategies in the face of climate change.
Feeding strategy and dietary preference shape the microbiome of epipelagic copepods in a warm nutrient‐impoverished ecosystem
Authors: Velasquez Ximena , Morov Arseniy R. , Belkin Natalia , Kurt Tuba Terbiyik , Rubin‐Blum Maxim , Tchernov Dan , Meron Dalit , Guy‐Haim Tamar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCopepods provide a rich organic microenvironment allowing the settlement and proliferation of microorganisms, forming dynamic microbial hotspots in the oceans. Such symbiotic associations in the plankton were previously hypothesized to be especially developed in warm oligotrophic seas, as they may serve as alternative sources of nutrients in biologically poor waters. Aiming to better understand how copepod microbiomes are shaped in an oligotrophic sea, we characterized microbiota associated with three dominant coastal epipelagic copepod species in the ultra‐oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results show that copepod‐associated microbial communities were host‐specific rather than determined by seasonal environmental changes. In the filter‐feeding copepod with a tendency to herbivory, Temora stylifera, microbial diversity was low and relatively stable throughout the year. In contrast, omnivorous copepods, the ambush‐feeding Oithona nana, and the mixed‐feeding Centropages ponticus harbored more diverse microbiomes dominated by transient taxa. We suggest that filter‐feeding strategy and narrow food spectrum can limit copepod–microbe interactions, while the ambush and mixed feeding strategies combined with omnivory confer higher microbial diversity. Filter feeders may reduce the recruitment of opportunistic microbes by maintaining high fidelity associations, as indicated by the large number of core taxa in T. stylifera. We underline the importance of the copepod–microbe associations in nutrient‐impoverished ecosystems, based on predicted enrichment of nitrogen metabolism in the core microbiome, mostly during summer when the shallow coastal waters are nitrogen‐depleted.