bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual information, islands in black holes and the Page curve
Authors: Saha Ashis , Gangopadhyay Sunandan , Saha Jyoti Prasad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe role played by the mutual information of subsystems on the Page curve is explored in this paper. With the total system consisting of the black hole and radiation, together with the inclusion of island, we observe that the vanishing of mutual information between $$B_+$$

B
+

and $$B_-$$

B
-

which in turn means the disconnected phase of the entanglement wedge corresponding to $$B_+\cup B_-$$

B
+

∪

B
-

, yields a time scale of the order of scrambling time. This results in a time independent expression for the fine grained entropy of Hawking radiation consistent with the correct Page curve. We also find corrections to this entropy and Page time which are logarithmic and inverse power law in form.
Energy minimizing twinning with variable volume fraction, for two nonlinear elastic phases with a single rank-one connection
Authors: Conti Sergio , Kohn Robert V. , Misiats Oleksandr 
Published: May 2022

In materials that undergo martensitic phase transformation, distinct elastic phases often form layered microstructures — a phenomenon known as twinning. In some settings the volume fractions of the phases vary macroscopically; this has been seen, in particular, in experiments involving the bending of a bar. We study a two-dimensional (2D) model problem of this type, involving two geometrically nonlinear phases with a single rank-one connection. We adopt a variational perspective, focusing on the minimization of elastic plus surface energy. To get started, we show that twinning with variable volume fraction must occur when bending is imposed by a Dirichlet-type boundary condition. We then turn to paper’s main goal, which is to determine how the minimum energy scales with respect to the surface energy density and the transformation strain. Our analysis combines ansatz-based upper bounds with ansatz-free lower bounds. For the upper bounds we consider two very different candidates for the microstructure: one that involves self-similar refinement of its length scale near the boundary, and another based on piecewise-linear approximation with a single length scale. Our lower bounds adapt methods previously introduced by Chan and Conti to address a problem involving twinning with constant volume fraction. The energy minimization problem considered in this paper is not intended to model twinning with variable volume fraction involving two martensite variants; rather, it provides a convenient starting point for the development of a mathematical toolkit for the study of twinning with variable volume fraction.
The Security–Sustainability Nexus: Lithium Onshoring in the Global North
Authors: Riofrancos Thea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The political economy of lithium, a “critical mineral” for the renewable energy transition, is marked by two striking developments. First, Global North governments that have historically offshored mining are onshoring lithium to enhance “supply chain security.” Second, these governments have committed to “sustainably sourcing” lithium. In this article, I theorize both developments in terms of a novel security–sustainability nexus: an interlocking set of policies and justifications that promote lithium extraction and emphasize the environmental credentials of Global North mining. The security–sustainability nexus evidences an alignment between state and corporate interests. For public officials, onshoring policies counter China’s “dominance” over battery supply chains. For mining and auto firms, onshoring translates into lucrative incentives, supply security, and reputational benefits. However, despite this state–corporate alignment, the tensions within the security–sustainability nexus illuminate the contradictions of green capitalism. I conclude that the geopolitical and socioenvironmental conflicts over the material foundations of the energy transition are reshaping the inequalities linked to extractive sectors.
Glottic and Subglottic Injury and Development of Pediatric Airway Stenosis
Authors: Pinzas Lauren A. , Bedwell Joshua R. , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how often children with airway injury at the time of tracheostomy develop airway stenosis.Study DesignA 7‐year retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of pediatric patients who underwent endotracheal intubation followed by tracheostomy with concurrent and follow‐up direct laryngoscopy.SettingTertiary care hospital.MethodsOutcomes included glottic or subglottic injury and progression to stenosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed via SPSS.ResultsOf the 222 patients (median age at surgery, 0.6 years; 54% male) who met study criteria, 46% had airway injury at the time of tracheostomy. Patients with congenital cardiovascular disease had 2.33‐times increased risk of developing airway injury (P = .01). Patients with airway injury on initial direct laryngoscopy developed stenosis significantly more frequently than those without injury (30% vs 12%, P < .01). Risks factors for developing stenosis in children with airway injury include prematurity (P = .02), younger age at time of surgery (P < .01), endotracheal tube size (P < .01), Down syndrome (P = .03), and neonatal (P = .02) and/or congenital cardiovascular (P < .01) diagnosis. However, none of these variables were significant on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIntubated patients with evidence of glottic or subglottic injury at the time of tracheotomy are more likely to develop airway stenosis than those without. Congenital heart disease was associated with twice the risk of developing airway injury, while progression to stenosis was associated with younger age, prematurity, and/or comorbid diagnoses.
Optimizing the performance of solar panel cooling apparatus by application of response surface methodology
Authors: Singh Vineet , Yadav Vinod Singh 
Published: May 2022

The high temperature of the solar photovoltaic module reduced the power output and efficiency of the solar panel. Water cooling is one of the best options for reducing the temperature of solar panels. In this research paper, an experimental setup of solar panel with water cooling arrangements has been developed and optimized. The measured experimental data and data generated by model equations have been optimized by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) tool in the Design of Experiment. The optimized responses are the efficiency of solar panels, module temperature (MT) of solar panel, and exergetic efficiency. The main input parameters solar flux, water inlet velocity, and atmospheric temperature varied from 600 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2, 0.5 to 0.9 m/s, and 25°C to 45°C, respectively. The best set of input parameters after optimization in RSM is 705 W/m2 solar flux, 0.7263 m/s water inlet velocity, and 32.87°C atmospheric temperature on which the values of responses MT, exergetic efficiency and solar panel efficiency are 48.98 °C, 19.18 %, and 18.88 % respectively. The experimental setup of solar panel cooling has been run on these input parameters setting and responses are validated with the predicted value of the RSM and the previous research. The calculated percentage error in MT is 2.41%, solar panel efficiency is 1.62%, and exergetic efficiency is 3.82%.
Development and Validation of a Novel Nomogram for Predicting Vessels that Encapsulate Tumor Cluster in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Guan Renguo , Lin Wenping , Zou Jingwen , Mei Jie , Wen Yuhua , Lu Lianghe , Guo Rongping 
Published: May 2022

Background Vessels that encapsulate tumor cluster (VETC) is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vessels that encapsulate tumor cluster estimation before initial treatment is helpful for clinical doctors. We aimed to construct a novel predictive model for VETC, using preoperatively accessible clinical parameters and imagine features. Methods Totally, 365 HCC patients who received curative hepatectomy in the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center from 2013 to 2014 were enrolled in this study. Vessels that encapsulate tumor cluster pattern was confirmed by immunochemistry staining. 243 were randomly assigned to the training cohort while the rest was assigned to the validation cohort. Independent predictive factors for VETC estimation were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. We further constructed a predictive nomogram for VETC in HCC. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration curve. Besides, the decision curve was plotted to evaluate the clinical usefulness. Ultimately, Kaplan–Meier survival curves were utilized to confirm the association between the nomogram and survival. Results Immunochemistry staining revealed VETC in 87 patients (23.8%). lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (>7.75, OR = 4.06), neutrophil (>7, OR = 4.48), AST to ALT ratio (AAR > .86, OR = 2.16), ALT to lymphocyte ratio index (BLRI > 21.73, OR = 2.57), alpha-fetoprotein (OR = 1.1), and tumor diameter (OR = 2.65) were independent predictive factors. The nomogram incorporating these predictive factors performed well with an area under the curve (AUC) of .746 and .707 in training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves indicated the predicted probabilities closely corresponded with the actual VETC status. Moreover, the decision curve proved our nomogram could provide clinical benefits with patients. Finally, low probability of VETC group had significantly longer recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than the high probability of the VETC group (all P < .001). Conclusion A novel predictive nomogram integrating clinical indicators and image characteristics shows strong predictive VETC performance and might provide standardized net clinical benefits.
Extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like: Case series and review
Authors: Vilela Manuel A P , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To describe the clinical characteristics of two patients affected by extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen-like (EMAP). Methods Two patients affected by EMAP underwent multimodal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography. Results The patients showed the typical clinical appearance with macular atrophy with larger vertical axis surrounded by pseudodrusen-like deposits involving the midperiphery, associated with paving stone lesions in the retinal periphery. Conclusion EMAP is a complex condition sharing clinical characteristics of age-related macular degeneration. Further studies are warranted to identify the early biomarker of the disease.
Risk of thrombophlebitis associated with continuous peripheral infusion of vancomycin: The effect of dilution
Authors: Scarano Marianna , D’Arrigo Sonia , De Letteriis Sestilio , Grasso Salvatore , Pittiruti Mauro , Scoppettuolo Giancarlo 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Although several guidelines recommend that prolonged administration of vancomycin should be preferably carried out by a central venous access, vancomycin is often given peripherally. Whether such risk may be affected by different modalities of administration in terms of dilution and time of infusion, it is a matter of controversy. Methods: This single-center prospective study enrolled all consecutive patients requiring prolonged intravenous infusion of vancomycin (1 g/day) using long peripheral cannula “mini-midline.” Patients were randomized in study group (4 mg/ml) and control group (20 mg/ml). All patients were systematically evaluated every 24 h by the Visual Exit-Site Score and a daily ultrasound scan of the veins of the arm. Results: The daily ultrasound evaluation showed venous thrombosis at the distal tip of the cannula in all patients, in both groups. After this finding in the first 14 patients, the study was interrupted. All thromboses were completely asymptomatic and occurred in absence of any sign of catheter malfunction. The onset of thrombosis was significantly earlier in the control group (ranging from 24 to 48 h) than in the study group (ranging from 48 to 96 h), with an average of 30 ± 11 versus 68 ± 16 h ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Continuous intravenous infusion of vancomycin should be preferably delivered by a central venous access, as largely recommended by current guidelines, since peripheral infusion is inevitably associated with venous thrombosis, independently from the type of peripheral venous access device adopted (short peripheral cannula vs long peripheral cannula) and from the extent of dilution.
The Longitudinal Impact of Arrest, Criminal Conviction, and Incarceration on Smoking Classes
Authors: Hassett-Walker Connie 
Published: May 2022

Background Previous research identifies three to six smoking classes over the life course. This study expands on earlier work about the impact of getting arrested in early adulthood on individuals’ smoking classes, by including additional, more serious measures of justice system involvement (JSI), specifically criminal conviction and incarceration. Family processes were examined as secondary outcomes. Method Data from seventeen waves (1997-2015) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were analyzed via group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), multinomial logistic regression, and latent transition analyses (LTA). Smoking behavior through age 36 is examined. Marital status, parenthood, juvenile smoking, juvenile arrest, and prior crime victimization experiences were also included in the models. Results Seven smoking classes were revealed: two low- or non-smoking classes; two decreasing classes; and three “problem” smoking (e.g., increasing, or chronic) classes. All JSI types increased the likelihood of being in a smoking class rather than a non-smoking class. Arrest and conviction had larger odds ratios than the most severe form of JSI—incarceration—with respect to respondents’ likelihood of being in an increasing or chronic smoking class. Juvenile smoking was the most robust predictor of smoking in adulthood. Conclusion Involvement with the justice system in all forms remains a negative health factor that increases smoking. While not typically a goal of criminal justice officials, attention should be paid to this unintended consequence of involvement with the justice system—increased smoking—given smoking’s connection to serious illnesses such as cancer. As juvenile smoking is a strong risk factor for adult smoking, smoking prevention and cessation programs should start with youth; and be part of the offerings to individuals ensnared in the justice system at all levels.
Representation Rate and Management of Gout for Patients Discharged From Emergency Departments in Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District
Authors: Loganathan Aravinthan , Raman Arupam , Berlinski Natalia , Riordan John 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The estimated prevalence of gout in Western societies is 2.7% to 6.7%. In Australia, there have been increasing rates of hospitalisations for gout flares. Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is effective in reducing urate burden, which can prevent gout flares and destructive arthropathy. This study assessed the representation rate of patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with crystal arthropathy and the utilisation of ULT in the community for patients with a pre-existing history of gout. Methods: A retrospective review of electronic records of patients presenting to the ED from the Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District was performed. Patients included were coded as per the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases coding for crystal arthropathy Results: In all, 18.8% of all crystal arthropathy encounters to the ED were repeat presentations. Of the 70% of patients with a history of gout, only 30.8% were on ULT. Discussion: Despite evidence-based recommendations for a ‘treat-to-target’ approach, most patients with a previous history of gout were not on ULT. One in five encounters were re-presentations for crystal arthropathy. Effective adherence to treatment guidelines may reduce the number of repeat encounters for gout flare in the ED.
Assessing feasibility and acceptability of yoga and group CBT for adolescents with depression: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Uebelacker Lisa A , Wolff Jennifer C , Guo Jenny , Conte Katherine , Tremont Geoffrey , Kraines Morganne , O’Keeffe Bailey , Fristad Mary A , Yen Shirley 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Given increasing rates of depression in adolescents, there is a clear need for innovative treatments. In this pilot randomized clinical trial, we assessed acceptability and feasibility of two group-based interventions: yoga and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The goal of this work is to prepare for a future fully powered randomized trial to test the hypothesis that yoga is not inferior to an established adolescent depression treatment, namely, group CBT. Methods: We enrolled 42 adolescents with elevated depression symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to a 12-week group-based intervention, yoga or CBT. We had a priori feasibility and acceptability targets, including for recruitment rate, retention rate, expectancy, credibility, program satisfaction, class attendance, engagement in home practice, and instructor/leader manual adherence. We assessed adverse events, and within-subject changes in outcomes (depression, anxiety, impairment, sleep disturbance) and possible mediators (mindfulness, self-compassion). Results: Both interventions met most acceptability and feasibility targets. The only target not met related to low engagement in home practice. Participants within each study arm showed decreased depression symptoms over time and increased self-compassion. Conclusions: A yoga intervention appears to be acceptable and feasible to adolescents with depression. However, it may be challenging for this group to engage in unstructured home practice.
Fostering emotional intelligence in preadolescence: Effects of a pilot training on emotions, coping and psychological well-being
Authors: Pauletto Marina , Grassi Michele , Pellizzoni Sandra , Penolazzi Barbara 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a short training programme (eight 1-hour sessions) aimed to promote Emotional Intelligence (EI) abilities in primary school on a set of outcomes related to affect, coping and psychological well-being. Sixty-eight preadolescents (10.68±.58 years) were randomly assigned to either the experimental condition (EI training) or the active control condition (pro-environmental training). ANOVAs and Bayesian analyses were performed on pre/post-training measures of ability and trait EI, positive/negative affect, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, coping styles, and psychological well-being. Results showed that only in the EI training condition emotional abilities significantly improved, whereas negative affect and the preference for distraction coping significantly diminished. Although the effects of the present EI training did not extend to the other measures, the findings suggest its effectiveness in improving preadolescents’ EI basic skills and some important adjustment variables. This study confirms the efficacy of short school-based programmes in enhancing EI abilities and highlights the importance of further investigating the training features required to extend its benefits also to psychological well-being. Implications for research and educational practices are discussed.
Electroacupuncture for Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Clinical Feasibility Study
Authors: Lyu Yee Ran , Lee Hye-Yoon , Park Hyo-Ju , Kwon O-jin , Kim Ae-Ran , Jung In Chul , Park Yang-Chun , Cho Jung-Hyo , Kim Jung-Eun , Kim Mikyung , Lee Jun-Hwan , Kim Joo-Hee 
Published: May 2022

Background: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a significant problem for cancer patients, as the number of cancer survivors experiencing cognitive impairments is increasing in the absence of standard treatment. There have been attempts to improve the cognitive function of patients with cancer using acupuncture; however, no studies have been conducted using electroacupuncture. Thus, we designed a preliminary study to investigate the feasibility of a clinical trial using electroacupuncture in CRCI patients. Methods: We conducted a single-arm, pilot, clinical trial to investigate the feasibility of a study protocol for further large-scale clinical trials of electroacupuncture in CRCI patients. All participants were treated with electroacupuncture twice a week for 30 minutes at a time, for 8 weeks on acupoints GV20, GV24, EX-HN1, and GB20, HT7, PC6, and KI3. Both subjective and objective outcomes of cognitive function, quality of life (QoL), and psychological factors were measured in all participants at baseline, week 4, 8, and 12. For safety assessment, vital signs, laboratory examinations, and adverse events (AEs) were observed throughout the trial. Results: A total of 12 participants were enrolled at Daejeon and Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University from 21 April 2017 to 31 January 2018. After 8 weeks of treatment, electroacupuncture significantly improved both subjective and objective cognitive outcomes, including the perceived cognitive impairments scale of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function, QoL scale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire-C30, Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Boston Naming Test, Seoul Verbal Learning Test, and Rey Complex Figure Test. During the entire trial period, 19 AEs were observed, with no serious AEs. Additionally, it was found that all feasibility outcomes, including recruitment, completion, and adherence rates, achieved successful results as the ratio exceeded 0.8. Conclusion: Our study results revealed that electroacupuncture improved cognitive complaints in cancer patients, and we expect electroacupuncture to be a safe and effective management therapy for CRCI patients. These feasibility trial results will be used as preliminary data for future randomized controlled clinical trials. Trial registration number: Korean Clinical Trial Registry (KCT0002168).
Effective Skill Transfer From Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training to Shoulder Arthroscopic Simulator in Novices
Authors: Liao Rongdong , Yang Yipei , Li Wei , Li Ziyue , Li Xian , Xiong Weibin , Lin Chuyang , Xiao Yao , Tian Jing 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To investigate whether novices could improve performance on a shoulder arthroscopic simulator (high-fidelity) through short-term training on a Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgery Training (FAST) simulator (low-fidelity). Methods Twenty-eight novices with no experience in arthroscopy were recruited to perform a pre-test on a shoulder arthroscopic simulator. Then they were randomized into two groups: the experimental group practiced five modules on the FAST simulator three times, and the control group did nothing. The experimental group performed a post-test immediately after FAST simulator practice. Control group rested for 70 minutes after experiencing pre-test before performing post-test. All parameters were recorded by the simulator. Results The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of total score, procedure time, camera path length, and grasper path length. However, there was no statistical difference in scratching of humerus cartilage or glenoid cartilage. Significant differences were found in the improvement of both groups in total score, procedure time, and camera path length. Conclusions Arthroscopic skills gained after short-term training on FAST simulator could be transferred to the shoulder arthroscopic simulator. This research provides important evidence of the benefits of FAST simulator in shoulder arthroscopy training program.