bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les étrangers et la révolution entre Genève et Grenoble : Peut-on faire la révolution sans se sentir étranger ?
Authors: Kastler Jean-Loup 
Published: January 2022

Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier le rôle des étrangers comme « acteurs » et comme « passeurs » dans le cadre des processus révolutionnaires entre Genève et Grenoble à la fin du xviiie siècle. En partant du cas des Natifs, résidents « pérégrins » de la Cité de Calvin, nous montrerons comment l’étranger revêt un rôle déterminant pour comprendre l’imbrication étroite des phénomènes politiques et géopolitiques qui caractérisent toute révolution. Il s’agira enfin d’expliquer comment l’expérience révolutionnaire genevoise a pu servir de matrice au développement des idées révolutionnaires en Dauphiné. Dans cette perspective, nous expliquerons comment l’espion dauphinois de la monarchie française Gaspard Bovier a pu devenir le « colporteur » d’idées démocratiques dans sa propre patrie. Cela nous amènera à formuler l’hypothèse d’un « modèle révolutionnaire montagnard » caractérisé par ce que nous avons appelé un patriotisme urbain néomercantiliste et que l’on pourrait rapprocher d’une sorte de girondinisme social.
Possibles Citoyens : Étrangers originaires du monde musulman et hospitalité révolutionnaire sous la « Terreur »
Authors: Coller Ian 
Published: January 2022

Les mythes fondateurs de la « Terreur » ont été en grande partie démantelés par des historiens récents, mais la thèse d’un dérapage nationaliste vers la xénophobie en l’an II est restée assez courante. Certes, dans le contexte de la guerre et la peur du complot, certaines révolutionnaires ont dénoncé « l’étranger » comme un danger existentiel pour la République, or, en pratique, les autorités ne visaient que les sujets des pouvoirs ennemis, surtout les Britanniques, et ces mesures n’ont pas été implémentées de manière suivie. Les étrangers sujets de pouvoirs non-ennemis peuvent servir de test pour cette xénophobie supposée. Trois cas d’étrangers originaires (ou prétendant l’être) des pouvoirs musulmans, qui sont restés neutres ou amis de la France malgré les efforts des alliés de les tourner contre la République, ne montrent aucune évidence de xénophobie généralisée aux moments les plus forts de la « Terreur ». Au contraire, les gestes d’hospitalité étaient très ouverts. Ces cas suggèrent que les attitudes envers les étrangers devraient être comprises dans le contexte politique plus large des alignements et oppositions, et non comme un discours univoque d’exclusion.
Performance of Solar Concentrator with and without Mirror Coating Paper
Authors: Sitorus Agustami , Muslih Muhamad , Haris Oscar , Thamren Dewi Sartika , Bulan Ramayanty 
Published: January 2022

The utilization of solar energy continues to be developed to get the best efficiency. This energy can be used for electricity generation, cooling, and/or drying. One technology that is still under development is the use of solar concentrators. Therefore, our paper aims to measure the performance of the development of a solar collection unit coated with mirror paper. Furthermore, the data is compared with the test data for solar concentrators without mirror paper that was carried out by previous researchers in 2019. The method used in this research is a field experiment. A simple statistical comparison method was carried out on the experimental data. Field testing was conducted after the solar concentrator was coated with mirror paper. The test was carried out for 5 days in full shining sun conditions in Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. The surface coating of the solar concentrator with mirror paper has not been able to improve the performance of the solar concentrator satisfactorily. Solar concentrators can heat the fluid from its initial average temperature of 19.37 %.
HIGHLIGHTS

Several field tests were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of solar concentrators with and without mirror coated paper
The fluid temperature heated with coated paper in a solar concentrator provides a higher temperature than without paper coating
Solar concentrator with mirror coated paper has potential as an alternative for covering the surface of the solar concentrator

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Service request management system application development with rapid application development method using web-based bubble sort algorithm
Authors: Kristianto FX. , Yasin Verdi , Sianipar Anton Zulkarnain , Haroen Rachmawaty , Fernando Yusra 
Published: January 2022

The Helpdesk system is a system to facilitate the reporting of technological information damage. Helpdesk systems are already widely used or developed somewhere with a wide variety of technologies and systems. Monitoring system as a process to collect data from various sources and helpdesk as the implementer of the monitoring system is required to be active to monitor reports from users. The helpdesk is a center point where problems or issues are reported in a coordinated and coordinated manner. The helpdesk is a complementary part of a function, service, and is responsible for problem solving. This is one of the obstacles in the implementation of work is still found errors in the process of handling remote hands or trouble shoot reports daily, weekly and monthly. Because currently the data and problem handling reports are still manual so it is difficult to see the status of handling. Helpdesk design system at PT. TH Indoplantations is a system where to facilitate users or customers and the Helpdesk data center division in processing a technical problem that occurs in the data center or customer or user devices located in the data center PT. TH Indoplantations. Based on the concept and design of a web-based helpdesk system at PT. TH Indoplantations can help in dealing with interference that occurs in customer devices.
Profitability Analysis of Home-scale SMEs Based on
Authors: Karjo Clara Herlina , Napitupulu Bertha Elvy , Hermawan Francisca 
Published: January 2022

Home-scale business or doing business from home by family members is one choice to sustain people’s economy during the covid pandemic. With the advance of digital technologies, these home-scale businesses should be performed through digital platforms or social media. With proper utilisation, social media can increase the profits of these businesses. The purpose of this article is to analyse how social media can generate profit for small scale businesses. The data were obtained from the sales reports of three home-scale businesses in Jakarta, which specialized in selling traditional snacks. From the data, we analyzed the profit earned from each of the social media used (Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Word of Mouth) to find out which media generated the most profit for their business. We found that the highest profit for home scale business came from Instagram because promotion through Instagram resulted in the highest number of items sold. The findings signify that using the right social media can generate maximum profit. However, the use of social media as digital marketing tool should depend on the habits and control of the business owner over the media.
13-Education is the Medium of Stable Society (In Islamic Perspective)
Authors: Ahmad Prof Dr Matloob , Rehman Dr Ammara , Khoso Dr Aijaz Ali 
Published: January 2022

Education is very significance for all humanity. It starts from birth to last moment of life for all groups of populace instead of any distinction of Community, Belief, Rreligion and area. It is the way of gaining knowledge, worth, Expertise and any ethical values. The common person intense to take high kind of informatory of knowledge more than previous knowledge. Education is most important for each and every to upgrade fresh knowledge. It is the medium of stable society. It is source to gain good economic place in all the fields of life. The education is the right of every person which he gains it from his birth. Education presents the solution of all the personal and social issues of society. Education performs an important part in all disciplines of life. The Islam has also declared the education compulsory for any individual in order to pass life in a good and peaceful life. So, we want to be much educated. It changes us totally from inner and outer side of by replace our brain and character as well as better our belief level. It convert our life entirely as it is positive in the world. It is stable society by what he perform his duties as best way in the light of Islamic teaching.
15-Influence of Political Parties in Political Stability in Pakistan: A Case Study of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Noonari Hassan Bakhsh , Fatima Syeda Aliya , Ahmedani Dr Muhammad Munir 
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of this investigation is to analyze the participation of Political parties in the development of democratic culture in Pakistan. For this purpose survey was conducted among the students and the faculty members of political departments of various colleges of Hyderabad city. The data were collected through questionnaire using five point Likert scale and data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 version. The results of this study reveal that there is significant role of political parties for the development of democracy and also stability of economical conditions of the country. Most of the respondents are persuaded that the responsibility of political parties in political development of Pakistan is crucial but not admiring yet. They are of the view that political parties have not even played adequate role in direction of the political, social and economic growth of a country. Results of survey also demonstrate that the political setup of Pakistan desires considerable transformations, capacity building and institutionalization. It is concluded that the imperative role of democratic parties is to enhance the volume of political development in the interest of nation of Pakistan.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran IPA menggunakan Model Creative Problem Solving dengan Smartphone terhadap Kreativitas dan Inovasi Siswa
Authors: Rasyid Zuhdi  
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan kreativitas dan inovasi siswa menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis creative problem solving dengan smartphone, dan (2) menguji pengaruh pembelajaran berbasis creative problem solving dengan smartphone terhadap kemampuan kreativitas dan inovasi siswa. Smartphone sebagai dampak kemajuan era digital saat ini dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran dikolaborasikan dengan pembelajaran eksperimental sebagai bentuk pembelajaran yang kreatif serta inovatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas VII di 3 SMP Kabupaten Kebumen dengan kategori tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi, menggunakan matching pretest-posttest control group design. Teknik perolehan data menggunakan tes essai. Analisis datapada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis gain score serta uji multivariat. Hasil penelititan: (1) berdasarkan hasil analisis data pada sekolah dengan kategori tinggi mendapatkan skor ­N-Gain 0,82 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, pada sekolah dengan kategri sedang mendapatkan skor N-Gain 0,81 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, serta pada sekolah dengan kategori rendah mendapatkan skor N-Gain 0,83 termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. (2) Berdasarkan hasil uji multivariat menggunakan Hotelling’s Trace pada semua kategori sekolah menunjukkan nilai signifikansi < 0,05, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa H0 ditolak. Kesimpulan: pada semua kategori sekolah menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis creative problem solving dengan smartphone terdapat peninggkatan dan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan kreativitas dan inovasi siswa di Kabupaten Kebumen.
Kata Kunci: creative problem solving, android, metaknowldge
Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih Tentang Konsep Pendidikan Karakter Akhlak
Authors: Ujud Supriaji  
Published: January 2022

Abstrak
Ibnu Miskawaih adalah salah seorang cendekiawan Muslim yang berkonsentrasi pada bidang filsafat akhlak. Dia lahir di Iran pada tahun 330 H/932 M dan meninggal tahun 421 H/1030 M. rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana Biografi Ibnu Miskawaih? Apa saja Karya Ibnu Miskawaih? Bagaimana konsep pemikiran akhlak Ibnu Miskawaih? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan biografi Ibnu Miskawaih, Untuk Mendeskripsikan apa saja karya ibnu miskawaih, dan Bagaimana Pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih tentang Konsep Pendidikan Kharakter-Akhlak.Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ibnu Miskawaih adalah salah seorang cendekiawan Muslim yang berkonsentrasi pada bidang filsafat akhlak. Dia lahir di Iran pada tahun 330 H/932 M dan meninggal tahun 421 H/1030 M, Menurut Ibnu Miskawaih, akhlak adalah keadaan jiwa seseorang yang mendorongnya untuk melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan tanpa melalui pertimbangan pikiran terlebih dahulu. Karakteristik pemikiran Ibnu Miskawaih dalam pendidikan akhlak secara umum dimulai dengan pembahasan tentang akhlak (karakter/watak). Menurutnya watak itu ada yang bersifat alami dan ada watak yang diperoleh melalui kebiasaan atau latihan. Dia berpikir bahwa kedua watak tersebut hakekatnya tidak alami meskipun kita lahir dengan membawa watak masing-masing, tetapi sebenarnya watak dapat diusahakan melalui pendidikan dan pengajaran.
Kata kunci: Ibnu Miskawaih, Biografi, Pemikiran
Sain Rafiq Ranjha and Baba Qasoor Mand
Authors: Ghazi Akbar Ali 
Published: January 2022

سائیں رفیق رانجھا تے بابا جی قصور مند
This article covers the poetic and research services of Sufi poet Sain Muhammad Rafique Ranjha from Hamza Ghous Sialkot. He is a Punjabi "Sofi "poet and a compiler. In this article, I have already mentioned his own poetry collection and life. In his own book, he has used a dozen genres of poetry. This Sufi poet, who is experimenting with new and old genres, but “Rubai” is his favorite genre. The first book "Warasat-e- Faqr" by Sain Muhammad Rafique Ranja consists of 418 pages which has been composed. While the second book “Suchay Moti” is by the famous Punjabi poet of Gujarat Baba Ji Qasoor Mand which has 290 pages. It is published in 2017. Both books contain mystical poetry. Along with the books, brief information about the lives of the authors is also given.
Toxic Leadership and Organizational Commitment in Faith-Based Healthcare Organizations
Authors: Honer Franchetta , Burchell Jodine 
Published: January 2022

In response to increasing cultural diversity at faith-based healthcare organizations, sincere, responsive, and sensitive leadership is critical to ensuring the organizational commitment of African American employees. Research was lacking on the relationship between toxic leadership and organizational commitment within faith-based healthcare settings. Further, little research existed on the ways toxic leadership affects the organizational commitment of African American workers. The purpose of this quantitative, non-experimental, correlational study was to examine the relationship between toxic leadership and organizational commitment among African American employees of faith-based healthcare organizations. This study's theoretical framework was based on Schmidt's toxic leadership theory and Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment theory. The variables for this study included toxic leadership and organizational commitment, categorized as affective, continuance, or normative commitment. The sample consisted of 84 African American employees of faith-based healthcare organizations working in Central Florida. Data were collected via an online survey consisting of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and Schmidt's Toxic Leadership Scale. The analysis consisted of three correlation tests to examine the relationship between (a) toxic leadership and (b) organizational commitment scales (affective, continuance, and normative). Results of the Spearman correlations indicated no statistically significant associations between toxic leadership and affective commitment or normative commitment. There was a significant, inverse association between toxic leadership and continuance commitment. Although more research is needed to understand toxic leadership and organizational commitment in faith-based facilities, the current study provides a foundation for future investigations.
Keywords: Healthcare, Faith-based Healthcare, Organizational Commitment, Toxic Leadership
Noble Metal Based Electrocatalysts for Alcohol Oxidation Reactions in Alkaline Media
Authors: Fu Xiaoyang , Wan Chengzhang , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlkaline direct alcohol fuel cells (ADAFCs) represent an attractive alternative to hydrogen fuel cells for the more convenient storage, transportation, and lower cost of alcohols (e.g., methanol and ethanol) when compared with compressed hydrogen. However, the anode alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) is generally plagued with high overpotential and sluggish kinetics, and often requires noble metal‐based electrocatalysts to accelerate the reaction kinetics. To this end, the development of efficient AOR electrocatalysts with high mass activity (MA), high durability, high Faradaic efficiency (FE), and low overpotential is central for realizing practical ADAFCs. Here, in this minireview, a brief introduction of the fundamental challenges associated with AOR in alkaline electrolyte, the key performance metrics, and the evaluation protocols for benchmarking AOR electrocatalysts are presented, followed by a summary of the recent advances in the noble‐metal based AOR electrocatalysts (e.g., Pt, Pd, and Rh) with an emphasis on the design criteria for improving the specific activity and electrochemical surface area to ultimately deliver high MA while at the same time ensuring long term durability. The strategies to enhance FE and lower overpotential will also be discussed. Last, it is concluded with a brief perspective on the key challenges and future opportunities.
Harvesting of Infrared Part of Sunlight to Enhance Polaron Transport and Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Tang Songtao , Qiu Weitao , Xu Xiuwen , Xiao Shuang , Tong Yexiang , Wang Xinwei , Yang Shihe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that defects such as oxygen vacancies are a double‐edged sword for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Although surface oxygen vacancies can largely improve the catalytic activity, their bulk counterparts may bind polarons, drag down the carrier transport, and thus degrade the PEC performance. However, it is very challenging to precisely control the spatial and energy distributions of defects. Instead, the infrared part of sunlight, normally discarded in PEC water splitting, is harvested to thermally activate the polarons. With the prototypical BiVO4 photoanode (absorbs blue–ultraviolet light), even when is undoped, a high solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 5.3% is achieved in conjunction with a photothermal substrate (absorbs infrared light) and in tandem with a perovskite solar cell (absorbs red–green). Detailed characterizations reveal that the temperature increase of the system can not only accelerate the polaron hopping, but also activate the polarons bound by defects. This study, by demonstrating the use of the PEC‐inactive infrared part of sunlight to enhance transport kinetics at the device level, allows for panchromatic sunlight harvesting to improve the overall PEC performance.
Stimuli‐Responsive Liquid Crystal Printheads for Spatial and Temporal Control of Polymerization
Authors: Wang Xin , Sun Hao , Kim Young‐Ki , Wright Daniel B. , Tsuei Michael , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Abbott Nicholas L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolymerization reactions triggered by stimuli play a pivotal role in materials science, with applications ranging from lithography to biomedicine to adaptive materials. However, the development of chemically triggered, stimuli‐responsive systems that can confer spatial and temporal control on polymerization remains a challenge. Herein, chemical‐stimuli‐induced polymerization based on a liquid crystal (LC) printhead is presented. The LC responds to a local chemical stimulus at its aqueous interface, resulting in the ejection of initiator into the solution to trigger polymerization. Various LC printhead geometries are designed, allowing programming of: i) bulk solution polymerization, ii) synthesis of a thin surface‐confined polymeric coating, iii) polymerization‐induced self‐assembly of block copolymers to form various nanostructures (sphere, worm‐like, and vesicles), and iv) 3D polymeric structures printed according to local solution conditions. The approach is demonstrated using amphiphiles, multivalent ions, and biomolecules as stimuli.
Electrical Tuning of Plasmonic Conducting Polymer Nanoantennas
Authors: Karki Akchheta , Cincotti Giancarlo , Chen Shangzhi , Stanishev Vallery , Darakchieva Vanya , Wang Chuanfei , Fahlman Mats , Jonsson Magnus P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNanostructures of conventional metals offer manipulation of light at the nanoscale but are largely limited to static behavior due to fixed material properties. To develop the next frontier of dynamic nano‐optics and metasurfaces, this study utilizes the redox‐tunable optical properties of conducting polymers, as recently shown to be capable of sustaining plasmons in their most conducting oxidized state. Electrically tunable conducting polymer nano‐optical antennas are presented, using nanodisks of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene:sulfate) (PEDOT:Sulf) as a model system. In addition to repeated on/off switching of the polymeric nanoantennas, the concept enables gradual electrical tuning of the nano‐optical response, which was found to be related to the modulation of both density and mobility of the mobile polaronic charge carriers in the polymer. The resonance position of the PEDOT:Sulf nanoantennas can be conveniently controlled by disk size, here reported down to a wavelength of around 1270 nm. The presented concept may be used for electrically tunable metasurfaces, with tunable farfield as well as nearfield. The work thereby opens for applications ranging from tunable flat meta‐optics to adaptable smart windows.
Nonreciprocal Control of Electromagnetic Polarizations Applying Active Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Yun Bo , Wang Shi Yu , Wang Hai Peng , Li He , Shen Jia Lin , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electromagnetic (EM) controls of spatial nonreciprocal performance have gained much attention due to the extreme attraction of the unusual physical phenomenon. Especially, the emergence of metasurfaces, has enormously promoted the design of manipulating the spatial wave and field to achieve various EM functions. Herein is proposed a method to realize the spatial nonreciprocal manipulation for the EM polarizations using an active metasurface which elaborately integrates the elements of power amplifiers. The proposed nonreciprocal metasurface can have the distinct transmission appearance of EM polarizations. When the spatial wave impinges on metasurface with vertical polarization from one side, the transmitted wave has the same polarization; however, when the spatial wave with vertical polarization is incident from the opposite side, the polarization of the transmitted wave will be converted to horizontal. This novel performance is realized by using the meta‐atoms composed of three cascaded components: receiving component, nonreciprocal guiding system, and transmitting component. A prototype of the active metasurface is fabricated and measured, and good agreement is observed between the simulation and measurement results.