bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Engine Combustion and Auto-ignition of a Multicomponent Surrogate Fuel with NTC Behavior Under Knocking Conditions
Authors: Kircher Magnus , Popp Sebastian , Gierth Sandro , Pati Andrea , Schneider Jonathan , Günther Marco , Hasse Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of knocking combustion is limiting the efficiency of modern spark ignition engine operation. Thus, an understanding of the processes at the knock limit is required for further optimization of the combustion process. In this work, the combustion of a multicomponent Toluene Reference Fuel (TRF) in a single-cylinder research engine is investigated under knocking conditions. The fuel exhibits a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regime for thermodynamic conditions relevant to the engine operation. A precursor model is used to capture the auto-ignition process. Under homogeneous conditions, a two-stage auto-ignition is observed. Inside the NTC regime, the temperature affects both first-stage and second-stage auto-ignition delay times. With a subsequently conducted multi-cycle engine LES, the effects of temperature stratification and turbulent flame propagation on the local auto-ignition process are investigated. It is observed, that the NTC behavior leads to a widespread two-stage auto-ignition. The knock intensity observed in the experiments is directly related to the mass consumed by auto-ignition. This is due to the fast consumption of the auto-ignited mass by the flame front. With that, the NTC behavior affects the local auto-ignition process in the unburned mixture while the flame propagation determines the knock intensity for the operating conditions at the knock limit.
Explicit Relationship Agreements and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use by Gay and Bisexual Men in Relationships
Authors: MacGibbon James , Bavinton Benjamin R. , Drysdale Kerryn , Murphy Dean , Broady Timothy R. , Kolstee Johann , Molyneux Angus , Power Cherie , Paynter Heath , de Wit John , Holt Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRelationship agreements are important for HIV prevention among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in relationships, with research earlier in the HIV epidemic often finding that agreements specified monogamy or condom use with casual partners. There is evidence that HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has shifted sexual practices among some men in relationships, such as allowing condomless sex with casual partners, but there has been little attention paid to relationship agreements among GBM who use PrEP. In this paper, we analyzed national, Australian, cross-sectional data from an online survey completed by non-HIV-positive GBM in 2021 (N = 1,185). Using logistic regression, we identified demographic characteristics, sexual practices and the types of relationship agreement that were associated with PrEP use among GBM in relationships. Using Pearson’s chi-squared tests, we explored whether PrEP users in relationships reported similar sexual practices to PrEP users not in relationships. PrEP use among GBM in relationships was independently associated with older age, identifying as gay, being in a non-monogamous relationship, having a spoken (explicit) relationship agreement, having a primary HIV-negative partner taking PrEP or a primary partner living with HIV, reporting recent condomless casual sex, reporting an STI diagnosis in the past year, and knowing at least one other PrEP user. We found that PrEP users in relationships had similar sexual practices to PrEP users not in relationships. GBM in relationships who have casual sex and who meet PrEP suitability criteria may be good candidates for PrEP. Our findings suggest that explicit relationship agreements remain important for HIV prevention, and they support PrEP use among GBM in relationships.
Prognostic Value of Left and right ventricular deformation strain analysis on Acute Cellular rejection in Heart Transplant recipients: A 6-year outcome study
Authors: Chamberlain Robert , Edwards Natalie F.A. , Doyle Samantha N. , Wong Yee Weng , Scalia Gregory M. , Sabapathy Surendran , Chan Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Two-dimensional (2D) strain analysis is a sensitive method for detecting myocardial dysfunction in acute cellular rejection (ACR) from post-transplant complications. This study aims to evaluate the utility of novel left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) strain parameters for prognostic risk stratification associated with ACR burden at 1-year post transplantation.

Methods
128 Heart transplant patients, assessed between 2012 and 2018, underwent transthoracic echocardiography and endomyocardial biopsy. 2D strain analysis was performed and history of rejection burden was assessed and grouped according to ACR burden at 1-year post transplantation. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 6-years follow up.

Results
21 patients met primary the endpoint. Multivariate analysis of 6-year all-cause mortality showed LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.21, CI = 1.06–1.49), LV early diastolic strain rate (LV ESr) (HR = 1.31, CI = 1.12–1.54), RV GLS (HR = 1.12, CI = 1.02–1.25) and RV ESr (HR = 1.26, CI = 1.12–1.47) were significant predictors of outcome. Univariate analysis also showed LV GLS, LV ESr, RV GLS and RV ESr were significant predictors of outcome. Optimal cut-off for predicting 6-year mortality for LV GLS by receive operator characteristic was 15.5% (sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 79%). Significant reductions (p < 0.05) in LV GLS, RV GLS and LV and RV ESr between rejection groups were seen.

Conclusions
Non-invasive LV and RV strain parameters are predictors of mortality in post-transplant patient with ACR. LV GLS and LV ESr are superior to other strain and conventional echo parameters.
Coronary CT angiography and serum biomarkers are potential biomarkers for predicting MACE at three-months and one-year follow-up
Authors: Huang Honglei , Ye Fei , Huang Yuanmao , Ye Guiyun , Zhu Jiarui , Chi Xidi , Zhang Gaofeng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
To assess the prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and serum biomarkers for the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at three-month and one-year follow-ups.

Methods and Results
A total of 720 patients with acute chest pain and normal electrocardiography (ECG) were included in the prospective cohort study. These patients received both coronary CTA screening and serum biomarkers testing, followed by three-month and one-year follow-ups for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The primary outcome was the occurrence of MACE, which is defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), nonfatal MI, and all-cause mortality. The MACE rate was 17.8% (128 cases) and 25.2% (182 cases) at three-months and one-year follow-up. ApoB/apoA1(OR = 7.45, P < 0.001) and the number of atherosclerotic vessels (OR = 2.86, P < 0.001) were independent predictors for MACE at the three-month follow-up, so were apoB/apoA1 (OR = 5.23, P = 0.003), Serum amyloid protein A (SAA, OR = 1.04, P < 0.001) and the number of atherosclerotic vessels (OR = 2.54, P < 0.001) at the one-year follow-up. While apoB/apoA1 suggested its sensitivities of 84% for predicting MACE at three-month follow-ups, the number of atherosclerotic vessels had 81% specificity at one-year follow-up.

Conclusions
Among patients with acute chest pain and normal ECG, apoB/apoA1, SAA and the number of atherosclerotic vessels are the most powerful predictors of MACE at three-month and one-year follow-ups.
Endogeneity and Measurement Bias of the Indicator Variables in Hybrid Choice Models: A Monte Carlo Investigation
Authors: Budziński Wiktor , Czajkowski Mikołaj 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the problem of endogeneity and measurement bias arising from incorporating indicator variables (e.g., measures of attitudes) into discrete choice models. We demonstrate that although a hybrid choice framework can resolve both endogeneity and measurement problems, the former requires explicit accounting for in the model, which has not typically been done in applied studies to date. By conducting a Monte Carlo experiment, we demonstrate the extent of the bias resulting from measurement and endogeneity problems. We propose two novel solutions to address the endogeneity problem: explicitly accounting for correlation between structural and discrete choice component error terms (or with random parameters in a utility function), or introducing additional latent variables. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that these approaches work as expected, i.e. they successfully recover the true values of all model parameters.
Maternal antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy and offspring asthma: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and a nationwide register cohort
Authors: Rantala Aino K. , Tapia German , Magnus Maria C. , Stene Lars C. , Jaakkola Jouni J.K. , Størdal Ketil , Karlstad Øystein , Nystad Wenche 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMaternal antibiotic use during pregnancy has been linked to asthma risk in children, but the role of underlying infections remains unclear. We investigated the association of maternal antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy with offspring risk of asthma. We used two population-based cohorts: the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (n = 53 417) and a register-based cohort (n = 417 548). Asthma was defined based on dispensed asthma medications at 7 and 13 years from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Self-reported information on antibiotic use and infections during pregnancy was available in MoBa, while registrations of dispensed prescriptions were used to classify use of antibiotics in the register-based cohort. Maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy was associated with asthma at 7 in both cohorts (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.37 in MoBa and 1.21, 1.16–1.25 in the register cohort) and asthma at 13 in the register cohort (1.13, 1.03–1.23) after adjusting for maternal characteristics. In MoBa, the estimate was attenuated after adjusting for infections during pregnancy. Maternal lower and upper respiratory tract infections (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07–1.57 and 1.19, 1.09–1.30, respectively) and urinary tract infections (1.26, 1.11–1.42) showed associations with asthma at 7. Register cohort also showed an increased risk of asthma in relation to maternal antibiotics before and after pregnancy. Our findings suggest that both maternal antibiotics and infections during pregnancy have a role in the risk of offspring asthma. However, results from the register cohort suggest that the effect of antibiotics may reflect the shared underlying susceptibility.
Well-Being Adjusted Health Expectancy: A New Summary Measure of Population Health
Authors: Muszyńska-Spielauer Magdalena , Luy Marc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose a new summary measure of population health (SMPH), the well-being-adjusted health expectancy (WAHE). WAHE belongs to a subgroup of health-adjusted life expectancy indicators and gives the number of life years equivalent to full health. WAHE combines health and mortality information into a single indicator with weights that quantify the reduction in well-being associated with decreased health. WAHE's advantage over other SMPHs lies in its ability to differentiate between the consequences of health limitations at various levels of severity and its transparent, simple valuation function. Following the guidelines of a Committee on Summary Measures of Population Health, we discuss WAHE's validity, universality, feasibility sensitivity and ensure its reproducibility. We evaluate WAHE's performance compared to life expectancy, the most commonly used indicators of health expectancy (HE) and disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE) in an empirical application for 29 European countries. Data on health and well-being are taken from the 2018 EU-SILC, and the life tables are from Eurostat. DALE is taken from the database of the Global Burden of Disease Programme. WAHE's sensitivity to univariate and multivariate state specifications is studied using the three Minimum European Health Module health dimensions: chronic morbidity, limitations in activities of daily living, and self-rated health. The empirical tests of the indicators’ correspondence reveal that WAHE has the strongest correlation with the other SMPHs. Moreover, WAHE estimates are in agreement with all other SMPHs. Additionally, WAHE and all other SMPHs form a group of reliable indicators for studying population health in European countries. Finally, WAHE estimates are robust, regardless of whether health is defined across one or multiple simultaneous dimensions of health. We conclude that WAHE is a useful and reliable indicator of population health and performs at least as well as other commonly used SMPHs.
(In)justice in academia: procedural fairness, students’ academic identification, and perceived legitimacy of university authorities
Authors: Główczewski Michał , Burdziej Stanisław 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA considerable body of literature has documented the significance of fair treatment in terms of generating trust towards decision-makers across different institutional contexts. It has also been demonstrated that even young children are sensitive to procedural justice, and that experiences of both fairness and unfairness help shape young people’s wider attitudes towards authority. In this paper, we seek to extend these findings into the academic context. We use data from two separate studies of university students in Poland. In study 1 (N = 315), using a survey to capture students’ actual experiences, we find that fair treatment was a stronger predictor of perceived legitimacy of university authorities than were fair outcomes. In study 2 (N = 751), also using a survey of a nationally representative sample of university students, we demonstrate that this procedural effect is mediated by students’ identification with their university, and that trust in academic authorities translates into higher levels of engagement and lower levels of burnout. Academic identification fully mediated the relationship between both procedural and distributive fairness and engagement and partly mediated the relationship between the two dimensions of fairness and burnout. We conclude that the experience of procedural fairness leads students to more strongly identify with their university and thereby enhances their trust in university authorities.
Holding It All Together: on the Value of Compromise and the Virtues of Compromising
Authors: Tholen Berry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPublic discourse and theoretical literature currently show controversy on the value of political compromise: some oppose it, others welcome it, and on both sides, arguments differ. The different positions in these debates on compromise build on particular understandings of what politics is all about (four understandings are distinguished: Pragmatist, Principled, Agonist and Deliberative). These understandings oppose one another and are even mutually exclusive. An encompassing position that combines elements from these different approaches is needed to bring us beyond this situation of controversy and take the debate on compromise a step further. In this paper, I show that Paul Ricoeur’s understanding of politics and of the role of compromising therein offers such a perspective. His work combines elements of the different positions, provides an understanding of compromise and implies lessons for compromising.
Understanding the impact of texture on the micromechanical anisotropy of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718
Authors: Schröder Jakob , Evans Alexander , Polatidis Efthymios , Čapek Jan , Mohr Gunther , Serrano-Munoz Itziar , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe manufacturability of metallic alloys using laser-based additive manufacturing methods such as laser powder bed fusion has substantially improved within the last decade. However, local melting and solidification cause hierarchically structured and crystallographically textured microstructures possessing large residual stress. Such microstructures are not only the origin of mechanical anisotropy but also pose metrological challenges for the diffraction-based residual stress determination. Here we demonstrate the influence of the build orientation and the texture on the microstructure and consequently the mechanical anisotropy of as-built Inconel 718. For this purpose, we manufactured specimens with [001]/[011]-, [001]- and [011]/[$$\overline{1} {\text{11}}$$

1
¯

11

]-type textures along their loading direction. In addition to changes in the Young’s moduli, the differences in the crystallographic textures result in variations of the yield and ultimate tensile strengths. With this in mind, we studied the anisotropy on the micromechanical scale by subjecting the specimens to tensile loads along the different texture directions during in situ neutron diffraction experiments. In this context, the response of multiple lattice planes up to a tensile strain of 10% displayed differences in the load partitioning and the residual strain accumulation for the specimen with [011]/[$$\overline{1} {\text{11}}$$

1
¯

11

]-type texture. However, the relative behavior of the specimens possessing an [001]/[011]- and [001]-type texture remained qualitatively similar. The consequences on the metrology of residual stress determination methods are discussed.
Clinical performance of lung ultrasound in predicting time-dependent changes in lung aeration in ARDS patients
Authors: Costamagna Andrea , Steinberg Irene , Pivetta Emanuele , Arina Pietro , Veglia Simona , Brazzi Luca , Fanelli Vito 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo evaluate whether lung ultrasound is reliable bedside tool to monitor changes of lung aeration at the early and late stages of ARDS. LUS was performed in ARDS patients that underwent at least two consecutive CT scan at ICU admission and at least 1 week after admission. Twelve fields were evaluated and graded from 0 (normal) to 3 (consolidation). Changes of LUS score in twelve fields (ΔLUStot) and in four ventral (ΔLUSV), intermediate (ΔLUSI) and dorsal (ΔLUSD) zones were calculated at each time points. Three categories were described: Improve (ΔLUS < 0), Equal (ΔLUS = 0) or Worse (ΔLUS > 0). LUS scores were correlated with total changes in lung CT aeration (ΔCTair) and with normally, poorly and not aerated regions (ΔCTnorm, ΔCTpoor and ΔCTnot, respectively). Eleven patients were enrolled. ΔLUStot had significant correlation with ΔCTair (r = − 0.74, p < 0.01). ΔLUSV, ΔLUSI and ΔLUSD showed significant correlations with ΔCTair (r = − 0.66, r = − 0.69, r = − 0.63, respectively; p < 0.05). Compared to Equal, Improve and Worse categories had significantly higher (p < 0.01) and lower (p < 0.05) ΔCTair values, respectively. Compared to Equal, Improve and Worse categories had lower (p < 0.01) and higher (p < 0.01) ΔCTnot values, respectively. LUS score had a good correlation with lung CT in detecting changes of lung aeration.
Reaction–Diffusion Models for a Class of Infinite-Dimensional Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: da Costa Conrado , Freitas Paulo da Costa Bernardo , Valesin Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe establish the existence of solutions to a class of nonlinear stochastic differential equations of reaction–diffusion type in an infinite-dimensional space, with diffusion corresponding to a given transition kernel. The solution obtained is the scaling limit of a sequence of interacting particle systems and satisfies the martingale problem corresponding to the target differential equation.
A lasting crisis affects R&D decisions of smaller firms: the Greek experience
Authors: Giotopoulos Ioannis , Kritikos Alexander S. , Tsakanikas Aggelos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe use the prolonged Greek crisis as a case study to understand how a lasting economic shock affects the innovation strategies of firms in economies with moderate innovation activities. Adopting the 3-stage CDM model, we explore the link between R&D, innovation, and productivity for different size groups of Greek manufacturing firms during the prolonged crisis. At the first stage, we find that the continuation of the crisis is harmful for the R&D engagement of smaller firms while it increased the willingness for R&D activities among the larger ones. At the second stage, among smaller firms the knowledge production remains unaffected by R&D investments, while among larger firms the R&D decision is positively correlated with the probability of producing innovation, albeit the relationship is weakened as the crisis continues. At the third stage, innovation output benefits only larger firms in terms of labor productivity, while the innovation-productivity nexus is insignificant for smaller firms during the lasting crisis.
Application of Supersplining to the Mesozoic and Paleozoic Geologic Time Scales
Authors: Gradstein F. M. , Agterberg F. P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMethods to determine the ages of period and stage boundaries of the geologic time scale (GTS) have a long history and continue to be steadily improved. Stage boundary age estimates are now accompanied by error bars showing stratigraphic uncertainty. Most GTS2004, GTS2012 and GTS2020 results involved cubic spline-curve fitting, and in this study, Ordovician through Cretaceous smoothing splines of GTS2020 are spliced together to construct a Paleozoic–Mesozoic superspline. This methodology, its advantages and its results are outlined.
Temperature effects on root exudation in mature beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests along an elevational gradient
Authors: Leuschner Christoph , Tückmantel Timo , Meier Ina C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
Root exudation may have a large impact on soil biological activity and nutrient cycling. Recent advances in in situ-measurement techniques have enabled deeper insights into the impact of tree root exudation on rhizosphere processes, but the abiotic and biotic controls of exudation rate remain poorly understood. We explored the temperature dependence of root exudation in mature beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees.

Methods
We measured fine root exudation in seven beech forests along an elevational gradient (310–800 m a.s.l.) and related carbon (C)-flux rates to mean daily temperature, actual precipitation, mean summer temperature (MST) and precipitation (MAP), soil moisture (SWC), and stand structure.

Results
Average mass-specific exudation (averaged over all sampling dates) ranged from 12.2 µg C g−1 h−1 to 21.6 µg C g−1 h−1 with lowest rates measured at highest elevations and peak rates at mid-elevation (490 m). Regression analyses showed a highly significant positive effect of site-specific daily air and soil temperature on exudation rates (p < 0.01) with an average increase by 2 µg C g−1 h−1 per 1 °C-temperature increase, while the relation to mean summer or annual temperature and mean temperature of the measuring year was less tight. Exudation decreased with increases in mean annual precipitation and soil moisture, but increased with increasing stem density.

Conclusions
The root exudation rate of beech trees roughly triples between 10 °C and 20 °C mean daily temperature, evidencing a large temperature influence on root-borne C flux to the soil.