bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eastern Tent Caterpillar Control on Choke Cherry, 1981
Authors: Kennedy M. Keith , Haefner J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field of choke cherry in the Rose Lake Wildlife Research Area, Clinton Co., Ml was selected for evaluation of insecticides. Five materials were tested. Egg masses and small tents from neighboring areas were transferred to selected trees (1.5 to 4.5 m high) in the study area. Larvae were allowed to develop for approximately 3 weeks after transfer. The trees were treated on May 19 when the tents had enlarged to approximately 20 to 40 cm in diameter and the maj’ority of larvae were 3rd and 4th instars. The number of larvae per tent were counted prior to treatment. Insecticides were applied with a trombone sprayer and trees were sprayed to the run off point. The number of tents sprayed varied from 5 to 8 depending on the treatment. Skies were sunny at treatment time with an air temperature of 18°C and a light breeze of 5-10 mph. Mortality evaluations were made 7, 10 and 13 days after treatment by counting the number of dead larvae in each tent. Data were analyzed using AN0VA techniques. An arcsine percent transformation was performed on the percentage data.
Chemical Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar on Choke Cherry, Holmes Co., Ohio, 1981
Authors: Nielsen David G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Choke cherry (2-5 m) growing on a north-facing slope in a 1 hectare area were chosen for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides. A CO2 compression sprayer operating at 40 psi with a TeeJet SS8004 flat fan nozzle was used to apply ca 1 liter of finished spray to each of 4, single-tree replicates containing 1 or more active tents. Treatments were applied May 7 when ambient temperature was 17-18°C with sunny skies and 15-20 kph winds. Conventional insecticides were first applied to tents and then to surrounding foliage. The Dipel treatment was concentrated on foliage surrounding the tents. Caterpillars were 20-25 mm long and were congregated on the sunny, south side of their tents when sprayed. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 5 days later, and twice again at weekly intervals (B. treatment only), by counting the number of living and dead larvae in 1 tent per treated tree.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Greenhouse Chrysanthemums, 1981
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plants were grown in 50% Metro mix 300: 50% peat moss media in 15 cm pots, 3 plants/pot, on raised greenhouse benches. Each treatment block consisted of 1 pot- treatments were randomized, and were replicated 3 times. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off at 5.9 kg/cm2 on Jan 15 at a greenhouse temperature of 30°C. Treatments were evaluated before application and 4, 7, 11, and 14 days following application by removing a leaf from each plant and counting the number of mites and eggs on the lower surface of the leaves.
Chinch Bug Control on an Edward Avenue Home Lawn in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, 1981
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticides were applied Aug 12 to a chinch bug infested lawn, consisting of fine leafed fescue (85%) and KY bluegrass (15%). Due to the limited size of the home lawn, treatment plots were 5x5 ft. They were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Liquid formulations were applied in 1 gal of water with a hand held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, followed by watering in with 1 gal of water. Environmental conditions were as follows: air temperature, 80°F; soil temperature, 60°F; soil type, silt-clay-loam; soil pH, 6.9; soil condition, moist; percent organic matter, 2.6; and amount of thatch, 0.5-0.75 inch. A flotation method was used for sampling, using 6 inch dia circular cans. Post-treatment counts were made at 7 day (Aug 19) and 28 day (Sep 9) intervals. Three locations were randomly selected within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs rising to the surface over a 10 min count (per loction) was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.
Hairy Chinch Bug Control on Fescue Turf, 1981
Authors: Kennedy M. Keith , Rodencal Jeff , Niemczyk Harry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on a Pennlawn, red fescue turf at the O.A.R.D.C, Wooster, OH. Over 70% of the turf in the experimental area had sustained severe chinch bug damage. The thatch layer was approximately 0.5 to 1 inch deep. At treatment time, skies were clear, temperature was 80°F, relative humidity was about 5055, and winds were out of the northwest at 4-7 mph. The insecticides were applied at 2 or 3 rates on Jul 30. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with 10 ft x 8 ft subplots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 back-pack sprayer at 38 psi with one K80 floodjet nozzle calibrated to 4 gal/1,000 sq ft. Granular formulations were applied with shaker bottles. Treatments were not watered in. Chinch bug numbers were sampled by driving an 8 inch dia open-ended steel cylinder into the turf, filling with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface in a 10 min period. Two flotation samples were taken in each subplot at 1 and 5 weeks post-treatment.
Jungleflame Ixora, Green Scale Control, 1981
Authors: Ray Charles H. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen 12-24 inch tall container-grown Ixoracoccinea, heavily infested with green scale, were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 2 gal pots. All stages of green scale were present. A single application of the test materials was made out-of-doors on Aug 4. Treatments were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a greenhouse. Mortality was determined on Aug 11 by counting 100 individuals per plant. Counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by examining each scale insect and scoring it as living if normally-colored and full-bodied, or dead if it was discolored and shriveled or dried.
Foliage Plant Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, 1981
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L. , Morishita F. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were applied to selected foliage plants and phytotoxic effects were determined. The insecticide-plant combinations were: KnoxOut 2FM and Vydate 2E - croton, fern, ivy, and orchid; Ficam 76W - croton, fern, ivy, orchid and ficus; Pounce 3.2E - fern, ivy and orchid. Materials were applied at IX, 2X and 4X concentrations (1X = 8 oz ai/100 gal) until runoff with a 5-gal sprayer at 60 psi; water pH was 6.75. Each concentration was applied to 5 mature plants per species with 5 plants serving as a control. After application, plants were located on greenhouse benches; temperature ranged between 26.7-36.0°C. The materials were applied on Aug 19 and Sep 18 to the same plants. Data on phytotoxicity were recorded weekly for 8.
Candidate Pesticides for Stored-Product Insects, 1981
Authors: Kirkpatrick Robert L. , Fons James F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Labora+ocy-reared stored-product insects were exposed to insecticidal formulations in transport trailers (ca 32.5 ± 1.1 and 66.5 ± 9.8 m ) in Baltimore, Md. For each test, 40 insects of each species were held in 10 cm dia open petri dishes placed on the floor at the midsection of each trailer ca 30 cm from a side wall. The aerosols were propelled by CO2 or freon and released within closed trailers by an individual walking the length of the trailer and releasing the aerosol for the required amount of time. Dusts were formulated with Diabrite or HiSil 233 as a carrier and Introduced into the trailer by CO2 or Freon 11/12 propellent through an open rear door. The exposure period was 5 hr: 10 min in the closed trailer after treatment, 20 min with one door of the trailer opened for aeration, and 4.5 hr in the original petri dishes after their removal from the trailers and before the insects (treated and untreated) were transferred to clean petri dishes. Insects were observed after 24 hrs for knockdown (those that could not walk or remain in an upright position), at 7 days for moribund (those that showed little or no movement when lightly stimulated with a small came lhair brush), and at 14 days post-exposure for mortality (expressed as dead + moribund insects). Each test was replicated 3 times. The air temperature inside the trailer at treatment was 23 ± 5°C and the relative humidity was 74.5 ± 12.5%.
Ectiban and Diazinon Pour-ON Treatments for Control of Lice on Beef Cattle, 1981
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Jones C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental cattle were either Hereford or mixed breeds, and originated at several locations in eastern WY. All animals were heifer calves or yearling heifers. Experimental groups of from 5-12 animals were housed in separate dry lots at University of Wyoming Livestock Units at Torrington and Cheyenne, WY. Ectiban 1% pour-on was applied at 0.5 oz/100 lb body weight along the backline. Diazinon AG500 was applied in a single spot on the back at 2.5 or 1.25 cc/100 lb. Cattle were treated once with the exception of 1 group at Torrington that was treated a second time with Ectiban pour-on. Weather conditions at time of treatments were favorable, i.e., temperatures between 20 and 44°F and no precipitation immediately following treatment. All cattle were inspected for lice prior to treatment, then at various times post-treatment. Total numbers of lice were recorded in the inspection areas which were 1, 15 cm hair part on the poll and 3, 15 cm hair parts on the head, brisket, neck, backline and rump-tail head. Viability of lice was determined post-treatment by microscopic examination of specimens.
Insect Growth Regulator as a Poultry FeedthrouGh Treatment for House Fly Control, 1981
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Vaughan Jefferson A. , Turner E. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-four experimental units of 5 White Leghorn hens, 74 wk old, were arranged in a randomized block design of 4 replicates (A - D) of 6 treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm Bay Vi-7533 in feed). Birds were managed in 3-tiered wire cages, 1 bird per cage, and manure was collected on paper beneath each tier. The treatments were randomized within each replicate with one restriction: on a given tier in a given replicate, the far unit was a higher dosage than the near unit. This prevented the contamination of low-dosage manure with high-dosage manure during manure collection. The birds were maintained on a standard layer diet (SLD) for 2 wk, then each unit was offered the appropriate treated feed adlibitum for 3 wk. The feed and water systems were then dismantled, cleaned and replaced, and all units were offered untreated feed until the end of the test, 11 Sep 81. Water troughs were cleaned daily. Treated feed was prepared by adding 200 (5 ppm), 400 (10 ppm), 600 (15 ppm), 800 (20 ppm) or 1000 g (25 ppm) of 0.1% (w/w) feed premix of Bay Vi-7533 to 40 Kg of SLD. Data were collected daily from 14 Aug - 11 Sep, inclusive. The manure of all 5 birds in each unit was combined, and a 150 - 200 ml sampled from each unit was collected in a plastic bag, labelled and frozen. Several weeks after the last sample was collected, the manure was thawed for 48 hr, and each sampled was seeded with 30 first-instar house flies. Seeded samples were held in emergence traps and allowed to develop at ambient laboratory temp and RH. After 4 wk, the adult house flies were counted, and each sample was examined for adults which had died in the manure. An ANOVA was contraindicated because of significant replicate and dosage level-replicate interaction effects. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to compare means of dosage levels.
Control of Manure Breeding Flies in a Poultry House with Larvadex Granules, 1981
Authors: Collison C. H. , Cloud J. A. , Smith J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvadex, granules and topical sprays (an insect growth inhibitor) were tested in a commercial poultry house at Belleville, Pennsylvania to determine their effectiveness in controlling manure breeding flies. The 200 x 40 ft, 2-story structure, housed breeding flocks for the production of hatching eggs on each level. Testing was done on the lower level only. The birds were removed and house thoroughly cleaned in mid-July. On Aug 5-6, 11,200 19-week-old birds were moved into the house: 3,840 on the lower ievel. The floor plan consisted of 2/3 slats (manure collected underneath) with a center isle pit containing wood shavings litter. Feeders and waterers were located above the slatted floors. Ventilation was provided with open windows, covered with chicken wire. The slatted floor was divided into 35 equal sized sections, each containing a waterer. Four treatments, replicated 5 times, were made on Aug 17, 31, Sep 14, 28, and Oct 12. Treatments consisted of Larvadex 2.3% granules (30 g ai), ( 60 g ai), topical application of Larvadex 0.1% spray (1 gal/100 sq ft) and untreated controls. Slatted floor sections were temporarily removed and granules and spray were applied to 9 sq ft of manure surface directly under each waterer. The remaining 15 untreated sections, not included in the study, were treated with Larvadex 0.1% sprays on Aug 24, Sep 14, and Oct 4. Changes in fly population were monitored by counting the number of flies that emerged from 12 oz weekly manure cores removed from each section. Each manure core was held for 3 weeks in a university growth chamber at 30°C.
Evaluation of Devil Dust for Control of Northern Fowl Mites on Chickens, 1981
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Cloud J. A. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two trials were conducted at the University poultry farm to evaluate the efficacy and residual activity of Devil Dust (3SS Rabon on a negatively charged diatom) against northern fowl mites on chickens. During trial 1, Devil Dust was compared to 3% Rabon dust and in trial 2 against 3% Rabon and Ectiban 0.25% dust. Mite populations were visually estimated, by parting the feathers in the vent area at 24 hr pre-treatment, 24 hr post-treatment and at weekly intervals for the duration of the study. Population levels were indexed by the following code: 0=0 mites, 1=1-15 mites/bird, 2=16-50 mites/bird, 3=51-100 mites/bird, 4=101-500 mites/bird, 5=501-1000 mites/bird and 6=more than 1000 mites/bird. Birds were housed singly in single deck, double row hanging cages in three adjacent shelters. Each house contained two banks of cages with 20 cages/bank. Within each treatment bank, individual birds were hand dusted with either 1.5 g Devil Dust, 1.5 g 3% Rabon, or 4.5 g .25% Ectiban. Only 1 acaricide was used per bank. During trial 1, every other bird and trial 2 every third bird was left untreated to provide constant reinfestation pressure. Treatments were made on May 28 and Aug 7.
Control of Adult Manure Breeding Muscid Flies in High Rise Poultry Houses with Ectrin, 1981
Authors: Smith J. A. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four high rise poultry houses located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania were used to evaluate residual wall treatments of Ectrin 15%WP (fenvalerate) for controlling adult manure breeding flies. Applications of either 0.1% or 0.25% Ectrin were applied by a hand held compressed air sprayer to the manure pit walls of each house at a rate of 1 gal/750 sq ft. Changes in adult fly populations were monitored by counting the number of flies resting within ft areas marked on the walls in both treated and untreated sections of the manure pit. Counting stations were located both on the cinder block and wood or foam areas of the wall. The house at Elizabethtown, was 22 x 400 ft and housed 50,000 caged layers which had been in place since Nov ‘80. Previous fly control measures consisted of removing manure on May 20 and baiting with Improved Golden Malrin (Lannate). The 8 ft high pit walls had cinder blocks on the lower half and unpainted wood above. On Jun 2, Jul 7, Aug 24 and Oct 5, a total of 8 gal of Ectrin 0.25% spray was applied to 83.8% of the pit wall surface. The manure was partially removed on Jun 15, Jul 27 and Sep 25. The house at Marietta was 44 x 500 ft and housed 64,000 caged layers which had been in place since Jan ‘81. Fly control measures consisted of manure removal on Apr 15 and baiting with Improved Golden Malrin (Lannate). The 500 ft long, 8 ft high manure pit walls were cinder blocks on the bottom half with foam for 246 ft and unpainted wood for 254 ft on the upper half. On Jun 2, 9 gal of Ectrin 0.1% WP was sprayed on 77.6% of the pit walls. On Jul 15 and Aug 25, 9.5 gal of 0.1% Ectrin WP was sprayed on 81.9% of the walls. Then on Oct 12, 2.5 gal of 0.25% Ectrin was applied to treated areas with high numbers of flies. The manure was completely removed on Nov 2. The house at Mount Joy, was 36 X 400 ft and housed 40,000 caged layers which had been in place since Apr, ‘80. Fly control measures consisted of removing the manure on May 28 and spraying the upstairs with Ectiban (permethrin) on Jun 15. The manure pit walls were 4 ft of cinder blocks on the lower half and unpainted wood on the upper half. On Jun 3, 8 gal of 0.1% Ectrin WP was applied to 85.3% of the pit wall surface. The house near Colebrook, was 44 x 400 ft and housed 50,000 caged layers which had been in place since Feb. Larvadex had been metered through the water at various intervals to control flies from Feb 25 to Jul 11. Other control measures taken were fogging upstairs with C-EM-DIE (pyrethrin) on Aug 21 and Larvadex was started again on Sep 1. The pit walls consisted of 4 ft of cinder blocks on the lower half and painted particle board on the upper half. On Jul 27 a total of 8 gal 0.1% Ectrin WP was applied to 83.8% of the pit walls.
Apple, Late Season Insecticide Evaluations for Leafroller Complex, 1981
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied to mature, standard York trees replicated four times in single tree plots in a randomized block design. Sprays were applied to runoff on Aug 31 to coincide with peak egg deposition and on Sep 10 when larvae were in the early instars. Treatments were applied with a Bean 35 gal/min (132.49 liters/min hydraulic pump operating at 300 psi (21.09 Kg/cm2). On Sep 19 200 apples/tree (800/treatment) were randomly selected and checked for both early and late season damage by the leafroller complex.
Dairy Comfort Stall Barn, House Fly Control, 1980
Authors: Lyon William F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the spring and summer of 1980, The Ohio State University Dairy Milking Comfort Stall Barn in Franklin County, Columbus, Ohio was divided completely into 2 halves. One half of the milking barn ; was sprayed with permethrin (Atroban) 25% WP using a 2 gal hand compressed pump type sprayer. The other half of the dairy milking] barn was left as the untreated check. House flies were counted twice weekly at 10 different areas in the treated half and 10 different areas in the untreated half of the milking barn. There were 5 areas on the ceiling and 5 areas on the walls (1 sq ft size each area marked with masking tape) for the treatment and the same for the non-treatment area. There were a total of 20 count locations for the entire experiment. Counts were not made until fly populations built up (excessive fly spots and adult flies resting on surface objects). Surfaces were white plaster board for the ceiling and plastic coated insulation board for the walls. Sanitation was good. The first spray was applied on Jun 30 after fly populations built up and the second spray was made on Aug 15 as a maintenance spray. Application rate was 1.33 ounces of Atroban 25% WP per gallon of water representing a 0.2555 concentration for each spray appl ied.
Imported Fire Ant Control with 1,1,1, Trichloroethane - Individual Mound Treatment, 1981
Authors: Scarborough T. A. , Burne J. C. , Hays S. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
1,1,1 trichloroethane was evaluated as a direct pour-on treatment for control of the imported fire ant during 1978-80. Preliminary dosage rate tests were begun in 1978. Treatment was made following identification of all active colonies in the test area. Actual treatment consisted of pouring a pre-measured amount directly on the mound. Following effective dosage determination, circular plots 150 ft in dia were utilized. All active colonies in each plot were treated, data was collected from the inside 100 ft dia area. Treatments were replicated 4 times, water was used as the control treatment. All colonies (mounds) received the same dosage rate regardless of the mound size. Mortality was observed post-treatment by digging into each mound and estimating the number of live ants remaining. Colonies were considered active if live ants were found in the mound.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1981
Authors: Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 11 year old orchard of apples located at Cream Ridge, N.J. was used in these tests. In the first experiment acaricides were applied on Jul 8 to single tree plots of Golden Delicious, replicated 3 times, and arranged in a randomized complete block design. In the second experiment, single tree plots of Red Delicious, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed on Jul 17. The trees were sprayed to run-off (ca 5 gal/tree) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun. Mite population estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves from each tree, brushing the mites onto glass plates, and counting the numer of motile mites. The data were transformed to logarithms before analysis of variance and comparisons of means.
Control of Psorptes Mites on Rabbits, 1981
Authors: Wright F. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rabbits infested with Psorptes cunicuii (Delafond), the ear canker mite, were treated with various acaricides at different concentrations. All rabbits wore plastic collars to restrict grooming, and both ears of each rabbit tested were at least one-half filled with canker and scabs. The acaricides were tested as technical materials formulated as emulsifiable concentrates (EC) in xylene:Triton X-100 (65:10) or as company formulations. Solutions containing 0.001-1.0% were prepared in 25-ml volumes and administered as ear washes to the rabbits. Each ear was filled with test solution, held, and massaged gently for 1 minute. The outside of the ears and the areas around the base of the ears were swabbed.
Screening of Acaricides for Control of One-Host Ticks, 1981
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvae of Boophilusannulatus (Say), the cattle tick, and B. microplus(Canestrini), the southern cattle tick, in colony at the Cattle Fever Tick Research Lab., Falcon Heights, TX, and Anocentornitens (Neumann), the tropical horse tick and Dermacentoralbipictus (Packard), the winter tick, in colony at Kerrville, TX, are pIaced onto cattle. Engorged females that detach naturally are used in test. Usually candidate compounds (technical materials) are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates containing 25% active ingredient (ai), 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100. Compounds not soluble in xylene are formulated in a 1:1 mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrol idinone and the xylene, Triton X-100 combination. Commercial wettabie powders or emulsifiable concentrates may be used. All formulations are mixed with water immediately before treatment. Acaricides are routinely tested at 1, 0.1, and 0.01% ai; the lesser concentrations are obtained by serial dilution of the 1% concentration. For treatment, ticks are washed, dried, sorted into groups of 10, weighed and placed into 20-25 ml of acaricide which is stirred vigorously for 30 sec and then poured through a screen that retains the ticks. Drained ticks are placed on paper toweling to dry and then held in 8-dram shell vials at 27+1°C and t80% RH for oviposition. After 2-3 wk, the ticks are discarded; however, the eggs are weighed and held for another 4-5 wk when percentage hatch is estimated visually. Controls, groups of 10 ticks, are dipped in an emulsion of 2.6% xylene and 0.4% Triton X-100 or the mixture of xylene, Triton X-100, and pyrrol idinone (equivalent to the 1% concentration of ai) and handled as treated ticks.