bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving approaches to prenatal genetic counseling for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the new treatment era
Authors: Zettler Bethany , Estrella Elicia , Liaquat Khalida , Lichten Lauren 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy with usually typical cognition. The first disease‐modifying therapy for SMA, nusinersen, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 and leads to improved outcomes, especially when administered presymptomatically. Population‐wide carrier screening and newborn screening (NBS) are now recommended by several professional organizations to promote reproductive autonomy, early diagnosis, and treatment. Prenatal genetic counselors (GCs) are important providers of the SMA screening and diagnosis process, but the possible impact of nusinersen on their practice has not been explored. A survey of 182 prenatal GCs in the United States (US) assessed baseline knowledge of nusinersen and likelihood of discussing this option with prospective parents. The majority of GCs (94.5%) were aware of this drug, and almost all (87.3%) felt that this information would affect pregnancy management decisions. However, less than half of GCs (49.2%) felt confident discussing nusinersen, 45.1% were unaware if this treatment was available in their practice setting, and one in five (19.3%) did not know where to find information about SMA treatments. Participants were more confident and knowledgeable about NBS for SMA, and several indicated that NBS would reduce their emphasis on carrier screening and diagnostic testing, not recognizing that an early prenatal diagnosis can enable preparations for complex, time‐sensitive treatment. Only 5.0% of participants felt that a prenatal GC should discuss nusinersen with prospective parents. However, encouragingly, nearly all GCs who felt confident discussing this treatment option (86.4%) reported using this information weekly in their real‐world practice. These data highlight an opportunity to provide up‐to‐date education about SMA treatments, as well as the significant impacts of early diagnosis. Additionally, interdisciplinary communication and care may be appropriate to clarify healthcare resources available and support a variety of patient needs. Increasing awareness and confidence about available options can help prenatal GCs empower patient autonomy and shared decision‐making in the new era of disease‐modifying treatment for SMA.
Circ_0006006 facilitates non‐small cell lung cancer progression by modulating miR‐924/SRSF7 axis
Authors: Xu Qinfu , Shi Jiang , Zhang Long , Sheng Yanbing , Zhang Yang , Chu Dan , Xu Aiguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive tumor with high mortality. Circular RNAs played crucial roles in the development of cancers, including NSCLC. In the present study, the action of circ_0006006 in NSCLC was investigated.MethodsUsing a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the relative gene expression was detected. The structure of circ_0006006 was identified using RNase R digestion and actinomycin D treatment. The functional role of circ_0006006 in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and angiogenesis was explored using cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, colony formation, wound healing, transwell, flow cytometry and tube formation assays, respectively. Using western blotting, the relative proteins expression was measured. Dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were employed to verify the correlation between microRNA‐924 (miR‐924) and circ_0006006 or serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 7 (SRSF7). Xenograft tumor experiment was used to investigate the effect of circ_0006006 on tumor growth in vivo. An immunohistochemistry assay was performed to detect Ki‐67, Bax, Bcl‐2 and SRSF7 expression in tissues of mice.ResultsCirc_0006006 was increased in NSCLC tissues and cells. Loss‐of‐function assays demonstrated that circ_0006006 silencing repressed proliferative ability, cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis, as well as promoted cell apoptosis, in A549 and H1299 cells. Follow‐up mechanism experiments depicted that circ_0006006 sponged miR‐924 and miR‐924 inhibitor rescued the circ_0006006 knockdown‐mediated inhibition effect on the progression of NSCLC. Additionally, the inhibition effect of circ_0006006 knockdown on SRSF7 expression was reversed by miR‐924 inhibitor. Moreover, the suppressive effect of miR‐924 on NSCLC progression was reversed by SRSF7 overexpression. Xenograft tumor experiment unveiled that circ_0006006 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionsCirc_0006006 stimulated NSCLC progression by targeting miR‐924 to regulate SRSF7 expression.
Organization of dermal glands and characteristic of secretion in the freshwater mite, Limnesia maculata (O. F. Müller, 1776) (Acariformes, Limnesiidae)
Authors: Shatrov Andrey B. , Soldatenko Elena V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe presence of dermal glands is a synapomorphy in the freshwater mites—the large branch of the hyporder Parasitengonina. Dermal glands of the mite Limnesia maculata (O. F. Müller, 1776) (Acariformes, Limnesiidae) were studied using light and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) for the first time. Two types of dermal glands were recognized in adult mites—14 pairs of the uniformly organized common dermal glands scattered throughout the entire body volume, and one pair of the characteristic so‐called idiosomal dermal glands centrally located and stretched along the ventral body wall, supposedly corresponding to the epimeroglandularia 4. The common dermal glands are composed of a single large alveolus with the basally located columnar epithelium. An intra‐alveolar lumen is positioned above the epithelium and packed with a secretion in the form of long curved electron‐dense bands. These bands are directed to the excretory opening and released to the outside in the form of strongly coiled bands. The cytoplasm of the common dermal glands is filled with short RER cisterns and shows few characteristic Golgi bodies with round dense secretory granules at the distal pole. In contrast, a large elongated sac represents the idiosomal dermal glands having a relatively thin secretory epithelium on the periphery. The cuboidal epithelial cells contain areas with tightly packed RER cisterns and weakly recognized Golgi bodies. The apical cell surface bears irregular short microvilli. The large intra‐alveolar lumen always contains an electron‐dense secretion with myriads of small lighter particles. This kind of secretion was never seen released through the opening. The excretory opening of the common and the idiosomal dermal glands shows differences in its organization but basically is represented by a cuticular “bell” narrowing to the opening and showing a particular kind of valves at the inner side of the flaps of the orifice.
Flavor components in tobacco capsules identified through non‐targeted quantitative analysis
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Hee , Choi Kyeong‐Yun , Shin Ho‐Sang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTobacco flavors increase the attractiveness of a tobacco brand and ultimately promote addiction. Information about what flavor and how much flavor is in flavor capsules can provide an effective way to regulate tobacco flavor. In this study, 128 flavor chemicals were identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using libraries and authentic standards. Validation of the developed method was performed for interference, detection limits, calibration curves, accuracy, and precision. Menthol was the main ingredient in all capsules, and the carcinogenic pulegone was detected. Detected menthofuran, benzyl alcohol, geraniol, and eugenol cause toxic or severe irritation, and detected lactones can increase nicotine addiction by inhibiting nicotine metabolism in smokers. Margin of exposures for carcinogenic pulegone and non‐carcinogenic menthol were well below safety thresholds, indicating a significant risk of inhalation exposure. It is desirable to prohibit the use of flavor capsules in consideration of human risk.
Memory polynomial based support vector regression dynamic behavioral model for Doherty power amplifiers
Authors: Wang Shijie , King Justin , Cai Jialin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, a novel behavior modeling methodology for radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) is introduced. The model is targeted towards strongly nonlinear Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs), combining the memory polynomial (MP) topology with the existing support vector regression (SVR) algorithm. The resulting novel model, is termed the memory polynomial support vector regression (MP‐SVR) model. Experimental validation proceeds by applying the proposed modeling method to both two standard gallium nitride (GaN) DPA with different nonlinearity, as well as a multi‐transistor GaN DPA. Compared with traditional Volterra based models, the standard SVR model, the augmented SVR (ASVR) model and the new augmented SVR (NASVR) model, the proposed MP‐SVR model gives superior prediction accuracy in both cases. This shows the efficacy of the proposed modeling method.
Projections of changes in maximum air temperature and hot days in Poland
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz Marek , Piniewski Mikołaj , Eini Mohammad Reza , Bednorz Ewa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine changes in maximum air temperature (Tmax) in summer, and occurrence of hot days in the period 1966–2020, as well as to forecast the direction and rate of changes in near and far future. The research showed an increase in Tmax in the summer season. In the analysed period, the changes intensified over the last 20 years, as suggested by, among others, the occurrence of the 10 warmest years in the study period, mostly after 2000. According to model projections, an increase in Tmax will be recorded both in the near and far future. The consequence of the current increase in Tmax has been an increase in the frequency of hot days. Further increase in the number of hot days in Poland is projected for the upcoming decades. The smallest changes are projected for areas with most intensive changes in Tmax, and the largest in areas with moderate changes in the Tmax.
Extreme Indian Ocean dipole and rainfall variability over Central Africa
Authors: Moihamette Foupouapegnigni , Pokam Wilfried Mba , Diallo Ismaila , Washington Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing both observational and reanalysis datasets, this study examines the influence of extreme Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events on Central Africa (CA) rainfall from September to December over the period 1980–2016. It is shown that during extreme positive IOD events (hereafter pIOD), CA experiences enhanced moisture supply from the Indian Ocean that results in increased rainfall while the opposite process is recorded during the negative phase (hereafter nIOD), with the magnitude of pIOD events anomalies stronger than those of nIOD events. Furthermore, the inflow is strongest in the lower troposphere over the ocean while it is strongest in the mid‐troposphere over CA because much of the lower‐level inflow is blocked by the topography to the east of CA. The intensification of mid‐tropospheric moisture transport over CA is associated with the African Easterly Jet which is present during these months. From 1980 to 2016 the IOD and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) showed a strong positive relationship so that extreme pIOD (nIOD) are mostly coincident with El Niño (La Niña). To assess the possible role of non‐ENSO influences on the IOD influence over CA, the linear relationship between the Niño‐3.4 and dipole mode index (DMI) was removed from the DMI. It appears that the influence of the pIOD on CA rainfall is significant with the non‐El Niño effect and this is characterized by an increase in moisture advection toward CA that contributes to an enhancement of rainfall intensity. However, the IOD seems to contribute strongly to the rainfall variability in the CA regions south of 5°N, especially over the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, and over the area from Gabon to the Republic of Congo where about 20–32% of the total rainfall variance is associated with the IOD independently of ENSO from November to December.
Reducing the refuge effect: using private‐land hunting to mitigate issues with hunter access
Authors: Sergeyev Maksim , McMillan Brock R. , Hall Lucas K. , Hersey Kent R. , Jones Covy D. , Larsen Randy T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHunting pressure alters the spatial ecology of many ungulate species. During hunting periods, game species often select areas that have reduced hunter accessibility by increasing use of forest cover, remaining farther from roads, or moving to private land as a means of refuge. Our objectives were to determine if elk (Cervus canadensis) in central Utah, USA, shifted distribution towards areas of refuge (private land) in response to hunting and whether allocating hunting permits to refuge areas could reduce selection of refugia by elk. We captured 445 elk between January 2015 and March 2017 on the Wasatch Front in central Utah and fitted each individual with a global positioning system collar. We used logistic regression models and Bayesian change point analyses to determine differences in daily use of public land in response to the addition of private‐land hunting. We detected shifts in elk distribution at the beginning of the archery hunting season and during the rifle season, suggesting elk selected for private land as refuge from hunters. At the conclusion of the hunting season, we detected a shift back to public land. The addition of private‐land hunting increased use of public land by elk during the rifle season (from 29% in 2015 to 41% in 2016). Our results show that the distribution of elk across a matrix of public and private land can be influenced by manipulating hunting pressure. Hunter access, the ability of hunters to access target game species, can be a concern in areas with private‐land refuges. This can be particularly problematic when management strategies rely on hunter harvest to maintain population objectives; however, this problem can be mitigated by the introduction of hunting on private lands, if landowners provide hunter access.
Estimating allowable take for an increasing bald eagle population in the United States
Authors: Zimmerman Guthrie S. , Millsap Brian A. , Abadi Fitsum , Gedir Jay V. , Kendall William L. , Sauer John R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEffectively managing take of wildlife resulting from human activities poses a major challenge for applied conservation. Demographic data essential to decisions regarding take are often expensive to collect and are either not available or based on limited studies for many species. Therefore, modeling approaches that efficiently integrate available information are important to improving the scientific basis for sustainable take thresholds. We used the prescribed take level (PTL) framework to estimate allowable take for bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the conterminous United States. We developed an integrated population model (IPM) that incorporates multiple sources of information and then use the model output as the scientific basis for components of the PTL framework. Our IPM is structured to identify key parameters needed for the PTL and to quantify uncertainties in those parameters at the scale at which the United States Fish and Wildlife Service manages take. Our IPM indicated that mean survival of birds >1 year old was high and precise (0.91, 95% CI = 0.90–0.92), whereas mean survival of first‐year eagles was lower and more variable (0.69, 95% CI = 0.62–0.78). We assumed that density dependence influenced recruitment by affecting the probability of breeding, which was highly imprecise and estimated to have declined from approximately 0.988 (95% CI = 0.985–0.993) to 0.66 (95% CI = 0.34–0.99) between 1994 and 2018. We sampled values from the posterior distributions of the IPM for use in the PTL and estimated that allowable take (e.g., permitted take for energy development, incidental collisions with human made structures, or removal of nests for development) ranged from approximately 12,000 to 20,000 individual eagles depending on risk tolerance and form of density dependence at the scale of the conterminous United States excluding the Southwest. Model‐based thresholds for allowable take can be inaccurate if the assumptions of the underlying framework are not met, if the influence of permitted take is under‐estimated, or if undetected population declines occur from other sources. Continued monitoring and use of the IPM and PTL frameworks to identify key uncertainties in bald eagle population dynamics and management of allowable take can mitigate this potential bias, especially where improved information could reduce the risk of permitting non‐sustainable take.
Effects of Carbonation on Swallowing: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nagano Ayano , Maeda Keisuke , Shimizu Akio , Murotani Kenta , Mori Naoharu 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe effectiveness of the use of carbonation in preventing penetration/aspiration or enhancing swallowing function in adults remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of carbonation on improving swallowing function in adult subjects.MethodsLiterature published before March 2021 was inspected using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Ichushi‐web databases. We searched for intervention studies or randomized control trials considering the effects of carbonated liquids on swallowing function. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias for randomized controlled trials and the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies.ResultsThe systematic review identified 19 studies with a total of 586 participants. The effects of carbonation on swallowing function are diverse. Overall, most studies showed that carbonation promotes swallowing function compared to other liquids. Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta‐analysis showed that carbonated liquids prevent aspiration (risk difference [RD] −0.27%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.44 to −0.10; I2 = 0%; number needed to treat 3.8, 95% CI 2.2 to 15.0; moderate quality of evidence) when compared to noncarbonated thin liquids. Carbonated liquids also increased the duration of swallowing apnea than did noncarbonated liquids (standardized mean difference 0.25 (mean difference 0.36 seconds), 95% CI 0.03 to 0.47; I2 = 0%; low quality of evidence).ConclusionsCarbonation had favorable effects on swallowing function. Further in‐depth studies are needed to clarify the benefits of carbonation.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1924–1933, 2022
Effect ofElymus nutans on the assemblage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities enhanced by soil available nitrogen in the restoration succession of revegetated grassland on theQinghai‐TibetanPlateau
Authors: Shi Guoxi , Yang Yue , Liu Yongjun , Uwamungu Jean Yves , Liu Yanmei , Wang Yibo , Feng Huyuan , Yao Buqing , Zhou Huakun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe succession of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities during ecosystem development has received widespread attention, but the ecological mechanism that drives the succession of AMF communities during the restoration process in alpine meadow ecosystems remains unclear. Here, we treated ‘Black Beach’ (severely degraded alpine meadow) as the baseline for restoration (0 year), and selected the revegetated grassland ofElymus nutanswith different planting times (3, 7, 10, and 14 years) to analyze the species composition of the AMF community in mixed roots (at the whole‐plant‐community scale) and inE. nutansroots (at the single‐plant‐species scale). A total of 46 AMF phylotypes (mixed roots: 44;E. nutansroots: 46) were identified in both root systems, predominantly belonging to Glomeraceae. AMF species richness showed a single‐peak curve change across the restoration time and reached its peak at 3 years in both root systems. In mixed roots, the soil available nitrogen not only directly changed the AMF species composition but also indirectly changed the AMF species composition through plant richness. In theE. nutansroots, only the soil available nitrogen drove changes in AMF species composition through changes in plant richness. Our results indicate thatE. nutans, a key species in the restoration process of revegetated grassland, can enhance its regulation to assemble the AMF community through soil available nitrogen at the two research scales, suggesting that the scientific management of soil nitrogen availability during restoration succession could strengthen the mutual symbiosis of ‘plant‐AMF,’ thereby retarding the occurrence of secondary degradation of revegetated grassland.
SARS‐CoV‐2 triggered oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism in gut microbiota
Authors: Zhou Tuoyu , Wu Jingyuan , Zeng Yufei , Li Junfeng , Yan Jun , Meng Wenbo , Han Huawen , Feng Fengya , He Jufang , Zhao Shuai , Zhou Ping , Wu Ying , Yang Yanlin , Han Rong , Jin Weilin , Li Xun , Yang Yunfeng , Li Xiangkai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpecific roles of gut microbes in COVID‐19 progression are critical. However, the circumstantial mechanism remains elusive. In this study, shotgun metagenomic or metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples collected from 13 COVID‐19 patients and controls. We analyzed the structure of gut microbiota, identified the characteristic bacteria, and selected biomarkers. Further, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations were employed to correlate the taxon alterations and corresponding functions. The gut microbiota of COVID‐19 patients was characterized by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and depletion of commensals. The abundance of Bacteroides spp. displayed an inverse relationship with COVID‐19 severity, whereas Actinomyces oris, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus parasanguini were positively correlated with disease severity. The genes encoding oxidoreductase were significantly enriched in gut microbiome of COVID‐19 group. KEGG annotation indicated that the expression of ABC transporter was upregulated, while the synthesis pathway of butyrate was aberrantly reduced. Furthermore, increased metabolism of lipopolysaccharide, polyketide sugar, sphingolipids, and neutral amino acids were found. These results suggested the gut microbiome of COVID‐19 patients was in a state of oxidative stress. Healthy gut microbiota may enhance antiviral defenses via butyrate metabolism, whereas the accumulation of opportunistic and inflammatory bacteria may exacerbate COVID‐19 progression.