bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Art of the Rituals in Ethnic Film Numafung
Authors: Rai Bidur 
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the performance art of the rituals in the Nabin Subba-directed Numafung, which shares some features of artworks, and rituals in the indigenous community. The film presents the fluid lives and ways of the Limbu people in rural eastern Nepal. It depicts a young girl’s struggle with cultural traditions, and the impact of her actions on her community. Numa‘s struggles characterize the lives of other young Nepali women, and are in a dilemma. In spite of hardship and complexity, they must continue fulfilling their desires and cultural traditions. Thus, the paper analyzes the performance art of the ethnic rituals practiced in Limbu culture. To interpret the text, the paper writer uses the critical perspectives from Richard Schechter particularly, Erving Goffman, and Bernhard Giessen and Victor Turner as a theoretical framework. Schechner views that performance art, rituals, or ordinary lives are the restored behaviors because people train and rehearse these behaviors over many times. Everyday life involves years of training and practice, and of performing one’s life roles in relation to social and personal circumstances. In the performing arts or everyday life, performances include ritualized gestures and noises. Performing arts gesture their presentations, and accentuate artistic behaviors. A performance shows highly stylized behavior such as in ballet, or the dance-dramas of the groups. Thus, the paper argues that the movie shares the elements of performance and ritualized behaviors in the indigenous culture and people. In the movie, the central character marries, remarries and elopes in ethnic culture and society. The findings of the study help understand the repeated behaviors of the indigenous people and community as art form.
Three-Dimensional and Time-Dependent Model of the Dynamic Behavior of the Arc in a Plasma Spray Torch
Authors: Baudry C. , Vardelle A. , Mariaux G. , Delalondre C. , Meillot E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work deals with a 3-D time-dependent modeling of the arc behavior in a plasma spray torch. The mathematical model is based on the simultaneous solutions of the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, electric current and the electromagnetism equations. It makes it possible to predict the motion of the anode attachment root on the anode surface under the combined effect of hydrodynamic and magnetic force and, the time-evolution of arc voltage and gas fields in the nozzle. The calculations show that the latter exhibit significant three-dimensional characteristics. The projected arc behavior and voltage fluctuations agree rather well with experimental observations.
Electrostatic Discharge Susceptibility of Surface Micromachined MEMS
Authors: Walraven Jeremy A. , Soden Jerry M. , Cole Edward I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article presents the results of a study conducted at Sandia National Labs to assess the effect of electrostatic discharge on surface micromachined MEMS devices. This failure mode has largely been overlooked because ESD failure mechanisms often mimic the effects of stiction-adhesion. To measure the susceptibility of MEMS devices to ESD, Sandia engineers built and tested a silicon microengine and a torsional ratcheting microactuator. Test results indicate that the effects of ESD are highly dependent on device design, component stiffness, and geometry and that slight modifications can bring improvements.
Failure Analysis Turned Upside Down: A Review of Backside Analysis Techniques
Authors: Bruce Michael R. , Bruce Victoria J. , Prejean Seth , Huynh Jeffery 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article provides a high-level review of the tools and techniques used for backside analysis. It discusses the use of laser scanning and conventional microscopy, liquid and solid immersion lenses, photon emission microscopy (PEM), and laser-based fault isolation methods with emphasis on light-induced voltage alteration (LIVA). It explains how laser voltage probing is used for backside waveform acquisition and describes backside sample preparation and deprocessing techniques including parallel polishing and milling, laser chemical etching, and FIB circuit edit and modification.
Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Tunable Circuits
Authors: Flores Richard S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article explains how the addition of FIB tunable circuits in critical paths on ICs can alleviate some of the challenges encountered during the implementation of mixed-signal ASICs. It walks readers through the implementation of a particular digital ASIC, explaining where and how FIB tunable circuits were used to overcome difficulties, resolve problems, and realize a fully functional chip that met all system specifications on the first pass of the design.
An Overview of Molecular Computing Approaches (Part I)
Authors: Lyke James C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in the area of molecular-scale computing. It describes the construction and operating characteristics of molecular wires, rectifiers, switches, and transistors. It also discusses the concept of molecular gain. Molecular computing architectures based on crosspoint arrays, randomized nanocells, and cellular automata will be discussed in Part II of this article in the November 2004 issue of EDFA.
Parametric Failures Can Be a Pain in the Backside
Authors: Segura Jaume , Hawkins Charles F. , Soden Jerry M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Parametric failures are of two general types. One type is due to defects that affect circuit parameters. The other type, which occurs in defect-free parts, is the result of interdie parameter statistical variation. IC failures can be caused by variations in any number of parameters including Leff, Weff, IDsat, Vt, contact resistance, effective gate oxide thickness, source and drain resistance, interconnect sheet resistance, and intrametal spacing affecting cross-talk, ground bounce noise, and IR voltage drops. These failures often influence the maximum operating frequency of the IC and are seldom detected by simple stuck-at fault, delay fault, functional, or IDDQ tests. This article discusses the origin, classification, and detection of a wide range of parametric failures.
An Overview of Molecular Computing Approaches (Part II)
Authors: Lyke James C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This is the second part of an article on molecular electronics. The first part, published in the August 2004 issue of EDFA, discussed the development of molecular devices including nanowires, rectifiers, switches, and transistors. Here, the author describes nontraditional molecular computing architectures based on crosspoint arrays, randomized nanocells, and cellular automata. Challenges associated with interconnect demand, lithography alternatives, and defect tolerance are also discussed.
The Start of the New Year According to the National Calendars of the Tajiks
Authors: Rakhimi Dilshod Kamolzoda 
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the issues of the traditional calendar of the Tajik people. The purpose of the article is to consider the traditional ways of determining the onset of seasons and months among mountain Tajiks based on the use of the method of theoretical analysis. It was revealed that the main ways to determine the onset of the new year were: calculation according to the Iranian solar calendar (the entry of the sun into the constellation Aries); calendar «the sun in man» (the arrival of the sun in the sign of the «heart»); observing the appearance of stars in a certain place; reaching the shade from the sun peaks, rocks and stones; sunrise or sunset behind the sign (behind peaks, rocks, cracks); the appearance of sunlight through cracks (windows, cracks, stones with holes); phenological or behavioral observations of animals, as well as the growth of spring plants and flowers (wagtails, storks, swallows, partridges, cats, beetles). In conclusion, it is concluded that in the past, in different mountainous regions, the Tajiks had their own calendars and calendars based on observations of the cycle of the Sun and Moon, planets and stars; on the perception of natural and man-made features – for example, the fall of shadows on objects at certain points, the migration of animals and birds, and the behavior of animals. Experience and observations were passed down from generation to generation, some natural patterns were discovered and various calendars were compiled. However, along with the introduction of the lunar and solar calendars, and later the Gregorian calendar, vernacular calendars survived until the mid-twentieth century, and some of them even survive to this day.
Польський національний рух у Галичині під час Першої світової війни
Authors: Клок Василь 
Published: July 2022

Метою статті є дослідження розвитку польського національного руху в Галичині під час Першої світової війни. Методи дослідження: аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, проблемно-хронологічний, історико-системний. Наукова новизна: вперше у вітчизняній історіографії комплексно досліджено ґенезу польської національної ідеї в Галичині в 1914–1918 рр. та діяльність місцевих польських політиків задля її реалізації. Висновки: Завдяки ліберальному політичному режиму Австро-Угорщини польський національний рух Галичини наприкінці ХІХ ст. – на початку ХХ ст. досяг значних результатів. Тому польська політична еліта бачила (у початку І світової війни) шанс для звільнення від Російської імперії польських земель та відновлення своєї національної держави. На думку більшості представників польського національного руху, досягнення цієї мети мало базуватись на підтримці та тісному союзі з Габсбурзькою монархією. Унаслідок усі польські партії Галичини та їхні представники у Віденському парламенті урочисто стали на сторону Австрії та Четверного союзу у світовому конфлікті. На першому етапі світової війни польське суспільство краю з ентузіазмом підтримувало Австро-Угорщину та допомагало формувати національні підрозділи у складі австрійської армії – польські легіони. Ситуація зазнала кардинальної зміни після підписання Четверним союзом договору з Українською народною республікою. Таємний додаток до цього документу передбачав поділ Галичини за національною ознакою. Це підірвало довір’я польського політикуму та суспільства до Відня. Крім цього, американський президент В. Вільсон у січні 1918 р. у своїх «14 тезах» гарантував відновлення польської держави з виходом до моря. Зі вступом у війну США на стороні Антанти Четверний союз практично втратив шанси на мілітарну перемогу. Тому наприкінці 1918 р. польська політична еліта Галичини усвідомила потребу об’єднання задля відбудови Польської держави в кордонах 1772 р. без підтримки Четверного союзу.
Precision Medicine Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease: Successful Pilot Project
Authors: Toups Kat , Hathaway Ann , Gordon Deborah , Chung Henrianna , Raji Cyrus , Boyd Alan , Hill Benjamin D. , Hausman-Cohen Sharon , Attarha Mouna , Chwa Won Jong , Jarrett Michael , Bredesen Dale E. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Effective therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease are needed. However, previous clinical trials have pre-determined a single treatment modality, such as a drug candidate or therapeutic procedure, which may be unrelated to the primary drivers of the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, increasing data set size to include the potential contributors to cognitive decline for each patient, and addressing the identified potential contributors, may represent a more effective strategy. Objective: To determine whether a precision medicine approach to Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment is effective enough in a proof-of-concept trial to warrant a larger, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Methods: Twenty-five patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of 19 or higher, were evaluated for markers of inflammation, chronic infection, dysbiosis, insulin resistance, protein glycation, vascular disease, nocturnal hypoxemia, hormone insufficiency or dysregulation, nutrient deficiency, toxin or toxicant exposure, and other biochemical parameters associated with cognitive decline. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with volumetrics was performed at baseline and study conclusion. Patients were treated for nine months with a personalized, precision medicine protocol, and cognition was assessed at t = 0, 3, 6, and 9 months. Results: All outcome measures revealed improvement: statistically significant improvement in MoCA scores, CNS Vital Signs Neurocognitive Index, and Alzheimer’s Questionnaire Change score were documented. No serious adverse events were recorded. MRI volumetrics also improved. Conclusion: Based on the cognitive improvements observed in this study, a larger, randomized, controlled trial of the precision medicine therapeutic approach described herein is warranted.
Assessment of the Causal Effect of IgG N-Glycosylation Level on Risk of Dementia: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Cong Ruyi , Geng Tao , Zhang Jinxia , Liu Di , Tian Qiuyue , Meng Xiaoni , Song Manshu , Wu Lijuan , Zheng Deqiang , Wang Wei , Wang Baoguo , Wang Youxin 
Published: July 2022

Background: Previous prospective studies highlighted aberrant immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation as a risk factor for dementia [such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD)]. It is unclear whether this association is causal or explained by confounding or reverse causation. Objective: The aim is to examine the association of genetically predicted IgG N-glycosylation with dementia using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: Independent genetic variants for IgG N-glycosylation traits were selected as instrument variables from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) among individuals of European ancestry. We extracted their corresponding summary statistics from large-scale clinically diagnosed AD GWAS dataset and FinnGen biobank VaD GWAS dataset. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was performed to calculate the effect estimates. Meanwhile, multiple sensitivity analyses were used to assess horizontal pleiotropy and outliers. Results: There were no associations of genetically predicted IgG N-glycosylation traits with the risk of AD and VaD using the IVW method (all Bonferroni corrected p > 0.0013). These estimates of four additional sensitivity analyses methods were consistent with the IVW estimates in terms of direction and magnitude. Additionally, the MR-PRESSO global test and the intercept of MR-Egger regression indicated no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity test showed no significant heterogeneity using the Cochran Q statistic. The leave-one-out sensitivity analyses also did not detect any significant change. Conclusion: Our MR study did not support evidence for the hypothesis that IgG N-glycosylation level may be causally associated with the risk of dementia.
An Elicitation Study to Understand Black, Hispanic, and Male Older Adults’ Willingness to Participate in Alzheimer’s Disease-Focused Research Registries
Authors: Bleakley Amy , Maloney Erin K. , Harkins Kristin , Nelson Maria N. , Akpek Eda , Langbaum Jessica B. 
Published: July 2022

Background: There is a lack of racial, ethnic, and sex diversity in recruitment research registries and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research studies and trials. Theory-based recruitment messages may provide an opportunity to increase study participant diversity in AD research studies and trials. Objective: To identify behavioral, normative, and control beliefs that are associated with joining an AD-focused recruitment registry among historically underrepresented groups. Method: Using a Reasoned Action Approach, we conducted 60 semi-structured phone interviews in 2020 among White, Black, and Hispanic adults ages 49–79 years in Philadelphia, PA. Underlying beliefs were elicited for the target behavior of “signing up to be on a registry for brain health research studies in the next month.” Percentages based on counts are reported for the overall sample and by race and ethnicity and sex. Results: Participants were most concerned that if they were to sign up for a registry, they would be asked to participate in experimental studies. Advancing science to help others was a commonly reported positive belief about signing up. Participants’ children and friends/neighbors were important from a normative perspective. Barriers to enrollment focused on logistical concerns and inconvenient sign-up processes, including using a computer. Results show generally few racial and ethnic or sex group differences. Conclusion: The elicited beliefs from underrepresented groups offer a basis for understanding the behavior of signing up for research registries. However, there were few differences between the groups. Implications for outreach and recruitment are discussed.
The Current Status of Kidney Cancer Urine Markers – A Systematic Review
Authors: Köditz Barbara , Heidenreich Axel , von Brandenstein Melanie 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma is the 9th most common malignant disease in the Western World. Typically, patients develop symptoms in a late stage of the disease and most of them are diagnosed by chance. Up to 30% of the patients at the time of diagnosis had metastatic disease. Therefore, highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for the detection and progression of kidney cancer are of great importance. Here, urine markers can be a major advantage and can have a huge clinical impact on the diagnosis, differentiation and prognosis of kidney cancer. At the moment there are several approaches to improve these conditions.. METHODS: A systematic literature research was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify studies reporting urine markers for kidney cancer between 2012 and 2021. A two-step process for the selection of the studies was initiated. In total 287 studies were considering for the final analysis. In total, 6 studies, which presented potential urinary biomarker were analyzed in depth. RESULTS: The major focus was on urinary markers for the detection, progression and differentiation of renal cell carcinoma. In total, a study population of 1099 patients were investigated in the different studies that were analyzed in depth. The median patient sample size of the different studies was 157 patients. The focus was based on the investigation of different microRNAs and proteins as urinary marker for kidney cancer detection. CONCLUSION: Overall, there are different approaches present for the detection, prognosis and differentiation of kidney cancer in urine but most of the studies are based on a small sample size and need to be validated in a greater collective. Furthermore, the standard should be improved to bring these biomarkers into routine clinical practice.
β-Catenin is reduced in membranes of human prolactinoma cells and it is inhibited by temozolomide in prolactin secreting tumor models
Authors: Demarchi Gianina , Valla Sofía , Perrone Sofía , Chimento Agustina , Bonadeo Nadia , Vitale Daiana Luján , Spinelli Fiorella Mercedes , Cervio Andrés , Sevlever Gustavo , Alaniz Laura , Berner Silvia , Cristina Carolina 
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION: Prolactinomas are the most frequent pituitary tumor subtype. Despite most of them respond to medical treatment, a proportion are resistant and become a challenge in clinical management. Wnt/β-Catenin pathway has been implicated in several cancers including pituitary tumors and other sellar region malignancies. Interestingly, Wnt/β-Catenin inhibition augments the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent Temozolomide (TMZ) in different cancers. TMZ is now being implemented as rescue therapy for aggressive pituitary adenoma treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with TMZ action in pituitary tumors remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: Our aims in the present study were to evaluate differential β-Catenin expression in human resistant prolactinomas and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling activation and involvement in Prolactin (PRL) secreting experimental models treated with TMZ. RESULTS: We first evaluated by immunohistochemistry β-Catenin localization in human resistant prolactinomas in which we demonstrated reduced membrane β-Catenin in prolactinoma cells compared to normal pituitaries, independently of the Ki-67 proliferation indexes. In turn, in vivo 15 mg/kg of orally administered TMZ markedly reduced PRL production and increased prolactinoma cell apoptosis in mice bearing xenografted prolactinomas. Intratumoral β-Catenin strongly correlated with Prl and Cyclin D1, and importantly, TMZ downregulated both β -Catenin and Cyclin D1, supporting their significance in prolactinoma growth and as candidates of therapeutic targets. When tested in vitro, TMZ directly reduced MMQ cell viability, increased apoptosis and produced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Remarkably, β-Catenin activation and VEGF secretion were inhibited by TMZ in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that dopamine resistant prolactinomas undergo a β-Catenin relocalization in relation to normal pituitaries and that TMZ restrains experimental prolactinoma tumorigenicity by reducing PRL production and β-Catenin activation. Together, our findings contribute to the understanding of Wnt/β-Catenin implication in prolactinoma maintenance and TMZ therapy, opening the opportunity of new treatment strategies for aggressive and resistant pituitary tumors.