bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant functional type aboveground biomass change within Alaska and northwest Canada mapped using a 35-year satellite time series from 1985 to 2020
Authors: Orndahl Kathleen M , Macander Matthew J , Berner Logan T , Goetz Scott J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Changes in vegetation distribution are underway in Arctic and boreal regions due to climate warming and associated fire disturbance. These changes have wide ranging downstream impacts—affecting wildlife habitat, nutrient cycling, climate feedbacks and fire regimes. It is thus critical to understand where these changes are occurring and what types of vegetation are affected, and to quantify the magnitude of the changes. In this study, we mapped live aboveground biomass for five common plant functional types (PFTs; deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, forbs, graminoids and lichens) within Alaska and northwest Canada, every five years from 1985 to 2020. We employed a multi-scale approach, scaling from field harvest data and unmanned aerial vehicle-based biomass predictions to produce wall-to-wall maps based on climatological, topographic, phenological and Landsat spectral predictors. We found deciduous shrub and graminoid biomass were predicted best among PFTs. Our time-series analyses show increases in deciduous (37%) and evergreen shrub (7%) biomass, and decreases in graminoid (14%) and lichen (13%) biomass over a study area of approximately 500 000 km2. Fire was an important driver of recent changes in the study area, with the largest changes in biomass associated with historic fire perimeters. Decreases in lichen and graminoid biomass often corresponded with increasing shrub biomass. These findings illustrate the driving trends in vegetation change within the Arctic/boreal region. Understanding these changes and the impacts they in turn will have on Arctic and boreal ecosystems will be critical to understanding the trajectory of climate change in the region.
Grothendieck bound in a single quantum system
Authors: Vourdas A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Grothendieck’s bound is used in the context of a single quantum system, in contrast to previous work which used it for multipartite entangled systems and the violation of Bell-like inequalities. Roughly speaking the Grothendieck theorem considers a ‘classical’ quadratic form

C

that uses complex numbers in the unit disc, and takes values less than 1. It then proves that if the complex numbers are replaced with vectors in the unit ball of the Hilbert space, then the ‘quantum’ quadratic form

Q

might take values greater than 1, up to the complex Grothendieck constant

k

G

. The Grothendieck theorem is reformulated here in terms of arbitrary matrices (which are multiplied with appropriate normalisation prefactors), so that it is directly applicable to quantum quantities. The emphasis in the paper is in the ‘Grothendieck region’

(
1
,

k

G

)

, which is a classically forbidden region in the sense that

C

cannot take values in it. Necessary (but not sufficient) conditions for

Q

taking values in the Grothendieck region are given. Two examples that involve physical quantities in systems with six and 12-dimensional Hilbert space, are shown to lead to

Q

in the Grothendieck region

(
1
,

k

G

)

. They involve projectors of the overlaps of novel generalised coherent states that resolve the identity and have a discrete isotropy.
A Systematic Review of Botanical Gardens Towards Eco Restoration and Connectedness to Nature for Psychological Restoration
Authors: Mohamed Noralizawati , Othman Noriah , Hamzah Helmi , Zainal Mohammad Hafiz , Malek Nurhayati Abdul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A botanical garden can potentially mitigate psychological and mental health problems accompanying psychological restoration via a range of eco-restoration benefits and connectedness to natural factors. However, the extent to how the botanical garden provides ecorestoration related to connectedness remained unclear. This study furnishes a review of 25 botanical garden articles, investigating: (i) research locations, (ii) eco-restoration benefits, (iii) connectedness to natural factors, and (iv) psychological restoration effects. Researchers published 25 journals from diverse disciplines, including agriculture & biology science, environmental science, multidisciplinary, psychology, and social sciences. Results showed that 42% of the studies were administered in Europe, 18% in Malaysia and 40% in other countries. Demonstrated eco-restoration benefits include: preserving wildlife habitat and increasing vegetation cover, protecting biodiversity loss, and providing more functional space for people benefits; demonstrated connectedness to natural factors include: engagement with nature, natural qualities, and human sense. Demonstrated psychological restoration effects include: promoting individual well-being and restoration of attention capacities. Further research is pertinent to inform more on the actual extent of specific psychological restoration effects, including mental health issues associated with a botanical garden.
Local Community’s Involvement in Appreciating Heritage Value of Kinta Valley Geosites
Authors: Misni Alamah , Amir Mohamad Khairul Aizat , Ahmad Che Bon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Geoheritage is known for its unusual natural beauty, plentiful natural resources, and several notable geological features. Hence, the elements of geoheritage have been primarily viewed as a preservation of natural resource variety. A geoheritage site includes values of ecosystem, biodiversity, and geodiversity. The values are essential for its recognition. If the local community did not understand nor appreciate the values of the site, it will impact its overall value. The value might be faded within time because of the local community’s ignorance. Thus, this study examined the local community’s appreciation of the heritage values of heritage geosites in Kinta Valley Geopark. The methodology employed was a quantitative survey based on questionnaires using the Likert scale. The results showed that the local community understands and indirectly appreciates the heritage values of the heritage geosites. These results provide vital information for the planning and marketing of geotourism.
Identifying physical barriers through a real-life experience with mobility difficulties city travelers: a go-along interview method
Authors: Kamarudin Hikmah , Bakri Aida Fazlin , Zaman Nurulhusna Qamaruz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Providing physical accessibility to the city centre is crucial in ensuring that everyone has equal access to employment, health care, education and social life. There should be no exclusionary or discriminatory practices that prevent anyone, including disabled people or OKU (from the Malay ‘Orang Kurang Upaya’) from participating in society. However, evidence from numerous studies shows that OKU has fewer opportunities to participate in built environment activities than non-disabled people due to inaccessible design. Even though OKU’s inclusion is linked to having access to the physical space, little effort has been given to exploring OKU’s life experience in reaching the city centre. The original research was aimed to investigate the physical accessibility of Kuala Lumpur city centre, as an example of a city in transition, and its effects on OKU’s inclusion. However, this paper focuses only on demonstrating a go-along interview as one of the primary data gathering methods employed in the first author’s doctoral thesis. The qualitative research design includes twenty go-along interviews with participants with limited mobility in order to learn about their real-life experience travelling to the city centre. With the current access and facilities provided, mobility-impaired travelers, particularly wheelchair users, still require assistance to reach their destination. In general, the mobility-impaired travelers confronted physical obstacles in gaining access to buildings and the internal circulation and services, negotiating barriers at street level and using various transportation modes to reach places. The go-along journeys also demonstrated that OKU faces attitudinal barriers and psycho-emotional disablism in addition to physical barriers, which may contribute to exclusion.
The state of food security: A comparative study between Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia
Authors: Sukereman Anis Syazwani , Rahim Norbaya Ab , Zainol Nurul Nadiah , Azmi Nurul Afiqah , Alizan Nordin Muhamad Saiful 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the COVID-19 struck the world, the pandemic impact became one bolster raising the alarm of countries worldwide to be more concerned about food security. This unprecedented challenge has exposed the vulnerabilities that affecting food security. Therefore, securing the nation’s food security on the top-ranking becomes a constant focus of government, researchers, and activists in every country. Many researchers have explored the food security challenges and evaluate the food security status. However, studies taking a comparison on different income levels of multi-country perspectives appear to be scarce. Therefore, this study aims to compare the food security level and the changing trends between upper-middle-income countries (Malaysia), high-income countries (Singapore), and lower-middle-income countries (Indonesia) and to identify the strengths and challenges of food security in each country. This study adopts a document analysis approach and applies a scoping review method on the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) to measure its food security level and analyze its differences during 2012–2020. The scope set for this study was four components: affordability, availability, quality and safety, and natural resources and resilience. Finding transpired that the relationship between four significant components of food security towards the changing food security trends during 2012 – 2020 does not generate a straight-line trend. Instead, it shows an inconsistent trend subject to various confounding factors. The finding also reveals that food security in the higher-income countries tend to be more secure and robust than upper-middle-income countries and lower-middle-income countries. Thus, cooperation between Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia is necessary to address each country’s strengths, weaknesses, and trends that create new opportunities to close the gap and enhance food security status. Sustainable development is impossible without a high level of food security unless all the countries committedly progress to achieve SDG #2: achieving food security and improved nutrition by 2030.
Spatial Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Changes for A Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation: Factors for Potential Implementation of Buffer Zone for FRIM Natural Heritage Site, Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Che Bon , Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Idris Roslina , Abdul Rasam Abdul Rauf , Mustapha Arniatul Aiza , Kavzoglu Taskin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There will be nearly 2 billion new residents by 2030 due to human migration and population growth, yet the consequences of both current and future urbanization on biodiversity conservation are poorly known. However, an increase in the awareness of the consequences on the role of biodiversity in sustaining livelihoods and human wellbeing has been translated into the various movements, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), especially SDG15 and SDG3. Conservation areas (CAs) have become one of the solutions to uphold ecosystem sustainability for biodiversity conservation. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the changes in land use and land cover (LULC) surrounding the CA - Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) Natural Heritage Site, Malaysia. The objectives were: 1) to quantify the changes of LULC, 2) to construct the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), of FRIM and the surroundings, thus representing the Malaysian terrestrial CAs and, 3) to suggest LULC changes- based criteria for CA buffer zone (CABAs). The data used were spatial data and satellite images and, ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS software to execute the analysis. The study revealed a reduction in forest areas and addition in built-up (housing) and water bodies. There was an encroachment of built-up area (housing) into the FRIM. Therefore, the study suggested buffer zones for FRIM, a shield to prevent the stresses caused by urbanization and encroachment activities that may jeopardize the intactness of the conservation areas. The study also provided an effort to formulate a more effective strategy for enhancing sustainable development to the policymakers.
Contractual Behavior of Key Participant in Managing Green Office Building Projects
Authors: Azmi Siti Haizan , Adnan Hamimah , Hasim Mohamad Sufian , Mustapha Arniatul Aiza , Wan Ismail Wan Norizan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the performance of green office building projects, proper contractual behaviour of key participants is perceived as one of the best initiatives, given that it serves as the primary function in guiding the smooth management of green office building projects. This paper aims to identify the criteria in managing green office building projects. It was found that this reports on the results of the content analysis which collected data on design and features of green office building implemented by the designers. A list of GBI -Certified Green Office Buildings under New Construction Category in Malaysia was assessed. Five (5) numbers of office buildings in Klang Valley and Putrajaya area were selected to present features of green office buildings applied by the designer to fulfil the green building criteria hence achieving GBI certification. The features of each green building obtained from various relevant websites were compiled based on the six (6) criteria listed under GBI. Though the system and materials might be slightly different from one green buildings to another, there are similarities in terms design principal; by incorporating advanced green technologies, sustainable energy solutions, innovative energy management systems and rainwater harvesting systems into the design. Thorough consideration has been given by the project team to produce a building that is environmentally, socially and economically friendly. This is achieved by enhancing good passive designs and integrating active (mechanical and electrical) design and system to deliver and to offer significant long-term comfort and savings for the building owners and occupants.
The Benefits of Energy Management System (EMS) in Building Sustainability Components
Authors: Rosman Mas Anasha , Isnaini Janipha Nurul Afida , Mohamed Sabli Nor Azlinda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Construction industry is a crucial contributor to the economic growth in Malaysia. Unfortunately, the construction industry has a lot of negative impacts primarily on the environmental aspect as it leads to climate change, pollution, and energy waste. As a response, Malaysia needs to become progressively aware of the need for more sustainable building. In view of this issue, the Energy Management System (EMS) can be adopted to enhance building sustainability in the construction industry. The aim of this paper is to investigate the EMS in enhancing sustainability in building for Malaysia construction industry. In order to achieve the aim, the objective of this paper was to investigate the benefits of EMS implementation in building sustainability components. The result obtained from 64 respondents of Grade 7 Contractors indicates the benefits identified of EMS implementation in sustainability components which are environmental, economic, and social benefits. From the data analysed, this paper has found that there are plenty of sustainability benefits that can be attained by adopting EMS. Thus, the EMS approach is considered as one of the driving factors for sustainable building and can provide a better environment in the building, which is more flexible, convenient, and comfortable while remaining energy efficient for the occupants in this modern lifestyle.
Mapping of Coastline Changes in Mangrove Forest using Digital Shoreline Analyst System (DSAS).
Authors: Topah @ Apandi Enishazira Binti , Salleh Siti Aekbal , Rahim Haris Abdul , Adnan Nor Aizam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Satellite images have been used for the last 35 years to monitor the erosion rates of the coastline, which has further altered the morphology of the coastline and its biodiversity. In order to make educated judgments about the protection of our coastline biodiversity, shoreline accretion trends over time are crucial for a wide range of coastal challenges and projects. As a result, the goal of this study was to use Landsat 8 OLI to monitor the coastline mangrove forest in Tanjung Piai to distinguish changes in the coastline, as well as to generate land use land cover in 2013 and 2020, detect changes in land use land cover in 2013 until 2020, and identify changes in the coastline mangrove forest in 2013 and 2020. The results showed that the shoreline of Tanjung Piai altered by an average value of accretion per year of 296.14 ha and an average value of reduction per year of 46.87 ha using the End Point Rate (EPR) and Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE) tools from the Digital Shoreline Analyst System (DSAS). The coastal zone must be safeguarded to ensure the safety of those who live close, as well as the ecosystem and habitat’s protection from the effects of rising sea levels.
Potential Sites for Micro-Hydropower Station by using Spatial-MCDA
Authors: John Baggio , Naharudin Nabilah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There are rural areas that still did not receive electricity supply these days. Therefore, an alternative is needed to supply electricity. One of the suitable power supply is the micro-hydropower which is a smaller scale of hydropower. It is suitable for area surrounded by river. It is also clean and green as it is a renewable resource. But, how to find the potential sites for the micro-hydropower station? This study highlighted three (3) criteria in finding the potential sites based on the literature and verified by experts which are slope, water velocity and accessibility. The potential sites can be determined by using Spatial-MCDA which combines Spatial Analysis and Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). MCDA used to weigh the criteria as they have different weightage in site selection. Spatial Analysis then used the weightage in finding the sites. To test the method, a small rural area in Sarawak, Malaysia which is Kanowit Song was chosen as it is yet to receive electricity supply though it is surrounded by small villages and small-scale vegetable plantation. The study found several potential areas that may be suitable for developing the micro-hydropower station which could supply electricity to area that did not receive one previously.
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Urban Tuberculosis Areas in Petaling, Selangor: A Current Spatial Exploratory Scenario
Authors: Mohd Zaini N.N.N , Abdul Rasam A.R. , Ahmad C.B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated one-third of the world population as potentially infected with tuberculosis (TB) in 2020. Almost nine (9) million people are detected with TB with approximately two (2) million deaths every year. Selangor state reported among the highest cases of current TB trend in Malaysia. Poverty, immunosuppressive and co-morbidities would relate to the recent TB scenario and urban socioeconomic status (SES) in the state. The study was conducted to exploratory analyse the contemporary effects of SES on the disease in Petaling using a geospatial approach. The main SES factors applied in this study are level of job, income, and education, while Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) of geostatistical interpolation and correlation analysis method were utilised to visualize and estimate the SES-based risk index map and determine the possible socio-economic characteristics. Based on a five likert scale and index method, the risk map was categorised into proposed five (5) classes from Class 1 (blue = very low risk) to Class 5 (red = very high risk). The overall risk map was suggested in a Class 3 (medium-low level) as closely consistent with the correlation analysis (r = 0.37), suggesting that both TB cases and SES factors increased in response to each other but have a medium - weak direct implication. The result has shown that overall SES factor does not greatly affect the local TB cases in 2017, but further study need to be explored on the other potential mediating variables.
Coastal Geomorphology and Geospatial Beach Profile Assessment for East Coast Monsoonal Coastlines.
Authors: Rahim Haris Abdul , Adnan Nor Aizam , Salleh Siti Aekbal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The main concern for this research is slope estimation and the beach profiling with verification sensor-based remotely data (high spatial resolution). Thus, surveying and satellite extraction data need to be accurat. It had been proven to support the relationship between coastal erosion with beach slope changes along Kuantan, Pahang. Therefore, the actual coastline can be mapped from last vegetation features and determine physical condition of beach on coastal habitable land where the baseline has been changes due to sea-level rise event. Hence, the aim of this study is to monitor beach profile using high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery and GIS techniques to distinguish slope estimation from different sources in Kuantan, Pahang Site-verification are done to identify beach slope profiling along Kuantan coastline, Pahang. The objectives of this research are i) to generate coastal slope estimation and beach profile in year 2006 and 2014, ii) to quantify the estimated and observed beach slope from IFSAR data and slope site surveying (by NAHRIM) and iii) to visualise in 3-D view of coastal slope profile derived using IFSAR data. The accuracy values provided for the measurements made in open area, undisturbed area with slopes less than 10 %. From early reconnaissance of Kuantan beach, most of the area are flat and sandy profile to which are suitable for this application. Besides, we found out this method are reliable to produce appropriate slope profile along identified areas in selected Pahang coastline. The findings may indicated a better strategy for monitoring coastline changes is needed especially for vulnerable coastal erosion areas for future sustainable coastal management.
Correcting Atmospheric Effects on the InSAR Measurements using GPS Data
Authors: Ab Latip Amir Sharifuddin , Hairy Ansar Andi Mohd , Md Din Ami Hassan , Balogun Abdul Lateef 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effect of the atmospheric error in the spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal is more prominent in Malaysia due to its hot and wet conditions. Because the atmospheric error is believed to happen constantly in space and randomly in time, low-pass filtering in space and high-pass filtering in time is employed to measure it. However, with few scenes, the filtering technique’s reliability in removing atmospheric error may be insufficient, leading to erroneous surface deformation. Therefore, an external atmospheric correction needs to be modelled to improve the accuracy of surface deformation. In this study, the atmospheric error correction was estimated from GPS and applied to the deformation analysis. The result shows that the atmospheric error level estimated from the filtering technique was –6.9 to 7.5 radians, while using GPS was -1.0 to 1.9 radians. After using the filtering process, the rate of deformation fell dramatically. However, compared to the reference deformation, the rate was too low, indicating that the filtering technique overstated the level of atmospheric error. At many data collections, the atmospheric correction calculated from GPS gave deformation values closer to the reference deformation. Hence, this study will help the researchers to model the atmospheric correction over the Malaysia region in future.