bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline characteristics of 547 new onset heart failure patients in the PREFERS heart failure study
Authors: Linde Cecilia , Ekström Mattias , Eriksson Maria J. , Maret Eva , Wallén Håkan , Lyngå Patrik , Wedén Ulla , Cabrera Carin , Löfström Ulrika , Stenudd Jenny , Lund Lars H. , Persson Bengt , Persson Hans , Hage Camilla ,   for the Stockholm County/Karolinska Institutet 4D heart failure investigators
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWe present the baseline characteristics of the PREFERS Stockholm epidemiological study on the natural history and course of new onset heart failure (HF) aiming to improve phenotyping focusing on HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) pathophysiology.Methods and resultsNew onset HF patients diagnosed in hospital or at outpatient HF clinics were included at five Stockholm hospitals 2015–2018 and characterized by N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), biomarkers, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (subset). HFpEF [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%] was compared with HF with mildly reduced LVEF (HFmrEF; LVEF 41–49%) and with HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF; LVEF ≤ 40%). We included 547 patients whereof HFpEF (n = 137; 25%), HFmrEF (n = 61; 11%), and HFrEF (n = 349; 64%). HFpEF patients were older (76; 70–81 years; median; interquartile range) than HFrEF (67; 58–74; P < 0.001), more often women (49% vs. 30%; P < 0.001), and had significantly higher comorbidity burden. They more often had atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and renal dysfunction. NT‐proBNP was lower in HFpEF (896; 462–1645 ng/L) than in HFrEF (1160; 563–2370; P = 0.005). In HFpEF, left ventricular (LV) diameters and volumes were smaller (P < 0.001) and septal and posterior wall thickness and relative wall thickness higher (P < 0.001). E/é ≥ 14 was present in 26% of HFpEF vs. 32% of HFrEF (P = 0.017) and left atrial volume index > 34 mL/m2 in 57% vs. 61% (P = 0.040). HFmrEF patients were intermediary between HFpEF and HFrEF for LV mass, LV volumes, and RV volumes but had the highest proportion of left ventricular hypertrophy and the lowest proportion of elevated E/é.ConclusionsPhenotype data in new onset HF patients recruited in a broad clinical setting showed that 25% had HFpEF, were older, more often women, and had greater comorbidity burden. PREFERS is well suited to further explore biomarker and imaging components of HFpEF pathophysiology and may contribute to the emerging knowledge of HF epidemiology.Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03671122.
A Cyclopalladated BODIPY Construct as a Fluorescent Probe for Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Çevik Eren Merve , Eren Ahmet , Dartar Suay , Buse Tütüncü Büşra , Emrullahoğlu Mustafa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBy introducing a palladium ion into the backbone of BODIPY, we devised a cyclopalladated BODIPY construct that was almost non‐emissive in the absence of any analyte but became highly fluorescent upon interacting with carbon monoxide (CO) in solution and in living cells. A process of ortho‐carbonylation and depalladation mediated by the specific binding of CO to palladium, promoted the release of the heavy atom from the fluorophore and consequently generated a fluorescence signal with an exceptionally high (60‐fold) enhancement ratio.
Acid‐Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Compounds: Carbocation versus Carbene as Key Intermediate
Authors: Qu Zheng‐Wang , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn efficient mechanism for the acid‐catalyzed formal carbene transfer from diazo compounds to nucleophilic substrates is disclosed by DFT calculations. In sharp contrast to recent proposal via neutral carbene‐like intermediates, the new mechanism involves selective diazo C‐protonation to form catalytic electrophilic carbocations, thus enabling a broad choice of metal‐free acid catalysts and nucleophilic substrates.
Research on discrete element modeling and numerical simulation of cutting rock behavior under impact load
Authors: Zhang Heng , Ni Hongjian , Huang Bin , Liu Shubin , Wang Yong , Liang Hongjun , Guo Xing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombining well‐drilling hammers with polycrystalline diamond compact bits to break rock under cutting load and impact load is an effective way to improve drilling efficiency. Although impact load can enhance the cutting efficiency of the cutter, excessive impact can also cause the cutter to be subjected to additional vibrations, which can decrease its working life. Knowledge of laws governing the changes in the cutting force of the cutter under impact load is essential for the design and selection of well‐drilling hammers. Based on rock scratch tests and finite element rock cutting model, a discrete element modeling (DEM) rock cutting model was established to analyze the rock breaking and cutting force. Then, the material parameters of rock samples were determined, and the simulation parameters were corrected. Finally, a DEM rock cutting model under an impact load was established. The results showed that when there was an obvious difference between the average cutting force and mean peak cutting force, which corresponded to the rock‐breaking transition from ductile to brittle, with introduction of the impact load leading to an earlier transition. The cutting force variance was proportional to the impact amplitude, and the increase in the cutting force variance became more obvious when the static load exceeded the critical transition weight. When the ratio of the impact amplitude to the static load was greater than 50%, the mean and variance of the cutting force increased rapidly. Under the same impact amplitude, the impact frequency had little effect on the average cutting force, but a higher frequency could significantly reduce the variance of the cutting force under a high static load (i.e., it could alleviate the fluctuation of the cutting force). These results provide a reference for the selection of well‐drilling hammers and optimization of the impact load.
Increased Mercury and Reduced Insect Diversity in Linked Stream–Riparian Food Webs Downstream of a Historical Mercury Mine
Authors: Kraus Johanna M. , Holloway JoAnn M. , Pribil Michael J. , McGee Ben N. , Stricker Craig A. , Rutherford Danny L. , Todd Andrew S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Historical mining left a legacy of abandoned mines and waste rock in remote headwaters of major river systems in the western United States. Understanding the influence of these legacy mines on culturally and ecologically important downstream ecosystems is not always straightforward because of elevated natural levels of mineralization in mining-impacted watersheds. To test the ecological effects of historic mining in the headwaters of the upper Salmon River watershed in Idaho (USA), we measured multiple community and chemical endpoints in downstream linked aquatic–terrestrial food webs. Mining inputs impacted downstream food webs through increased mercury accumulation and decreased insect biodiversity. Total mercury (THg) in seston, aquatic insect larvae, adult aquatic insects, riparian spiders, and fish at sites up to 7.6 km downstream of mining was found at much higher concentrations (1.3–11.3-fold) and was isotopically distinct compared with sites immediately upstream of mining inputs. Methylmercury concentrations in bull trout and riparian spiders were sufficiently high (732–918 and 347–1140 ng MeHg g−1 dry wt, respectively) to affect humans, birds, and piscivorous fish. Furthermore, the alpha-diversity of benthic insects was locally depressed by 12%–20% within 4.3–5.7 km downstream from the mine. However, because total insect biomass was not affected by mine inputs, the mass of mercury in benthic insects at a site (i.e., ng Hg m−2) was extremely elevated downstream (10–1778-fold) compared with directly upstream of mining inputs. Downstream adult aquatic insect–mediated fluxes of THg were also high (~16 ng THg m−2 day−1). Abandoned mines can have ecologically important effects on downstream communities, including reduced biodiversity and increased mercury flux to higher order consumers, including fish, birds, and humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1696–1710. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Thermodynamics Affecting Glacier-Released 4-Nonylphenol Deposition in Alaska, USA
Authors: Lyons Rebecca , Weatherly Shaun , Waters Jason , Bentley Jim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The chemical and physical properties governing movement of 4-nonylphenol through environmental compartments.
Abstract
Glaciers have recently been recognized as a secondary source of organic pollutants. As glacier melt rates increase, downstream ecosystems are at increasing risk of exposure to these pollutants. Nonylphenols (NPs) are well-documented anthropogenic persistent pollutants whose environmental prevalence and ecotoxicity make them of immediate concern to the health of humans and wildlife populations. As glacier melt increases, transport of NPs to downstream environments will also increase. Snow, ice, meltwater, and till for five glaciers in the Chugach National Forest and Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, USA, were investigated for the presence of 4-nonylphenol (4NP). Average concentrations for snow, ice, meltwater, and glacial till were 0.77 ± .017 µg/L snow water, 0.75 ± .006 µg/L, 0.26 ± .053 µg/L, and 0.016 ± .004 µg/g, respectively. All samples showed the presence of 4NP. Deposition of 4NP downstream from glaciers will depend more on the ionic strength of the water than organic carbon to drive partitioning and deposition. Laboratory studies of partition coefficients showed that ionic strength contributed 59% of the driving force behind partitioning, while organic carbon contributed 36%. Evidence was found for interaction between organic carbon and the aqueous phase. The 4NP Setschenow constants (Ks) were determined for particle types with varying percentages of organic carbon. Values of Ks increased with the percentage of organic carbon. These relationships will shape further studies of 4NP deposition into the environment downstream of glacier outflow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1623–1636. © The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Virtual reality simulator for pipe umbrella installation works
Authors: Dolsak Wolfgang , Reich Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe installation of pipe umbrella systems is a complex process that requires well‐trained machine operators and installation crews. Due to project and time constraints, adequate operator training in a safe environment without risk of personnel accidents or machine damage often falls victim to cost cuts. Previously, this shortcoming has been compensated by the deployment of selected expert personnel to respective tunnel projects for a certain period. This practice is, however, limited to availability of expert personnel and associated with high travel costs and significant waiting time on‐site. Virtual reality (VR) simulator‐based trainings have become state‐of‐the‐art in underground construction. They provide enhanced occupational safety by conducting virtual training before commencing works in the tunnel, increased operator performance, and improved installation cycle times. In addition to basic training, the VR simulator can be used for assembly and commissioning, maintenance, as well as refresher trainings and ongoing just‐in‐time support. Around mid‐2019, DSI Underground initiated the development of a realistic and authentic scenario‐based VR simulator for the AT – Pipe Umbrella System. This training tool also includes extensive theory background supported by a series of video modules illustrating best underground work practices. This article illustrates the background and development plan of the VR simulator and the implementation based on use cases.
Dynamic evaluation of the top‐down construction of the Belfiore high‐speed railway station
Authors: Magursi Leonardo , Zurlo Raffaele , Sorbello Rosario 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe construction phase of underground railway stations executed with top‐down method is often susceptible to a considerable number of interferences. The interference between the excavation of the Florence high‐speed station and tunnels' execution is a critical element of the Florence underpass project, which foresees the simultaneous construction of the two infrastructures. The project's complexities and the interference between the various construction phases have been studied and resolved by developing the entire project in a Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment. In particular, the implemented four‐dimensional (4D) BIM model managed to simulate the possible macrophases and identify an optimal construction solution or, at least, the crucial actions to be taken to ensure the simultaneous construction of the station and tunnels. The 4D BIM model allowed an accurate simulation of the specific critical construction phases by identifying spatial interferences between completed works, temporary structures, and overlapping interventions. Consequently, it was possible to adopt appropriate technical solutions and develop a reliable work plan. In addition, it was possible to verify the potential scenarios of the TBM passage through the excavated station, which allowed to foresee some specific interventions needed to ensure works' continuity. The BIM methodology also allowed to find optimal solutions in a reasonable time, preventing a significant use of resources.
Improving face decisions in tunnelling by machine learning‐based MWD analysis
Authors: Hansen Tom F. , Erharter Georg H. , Marcher Thomas , Liu Zhongqiang , Tørresen Jim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Norwegian drill and blast tunnelling, contracts stipulate collecting Measurement While Drilling (MWD) data from all drillholes. The MWD approach is an objective way of collecting, processing and visualising advance drilling data that have been successfully used in making face decisions for many years in Norwegian tunnelling. MWD data collection consists of equipping drill rigs with sensors recording different drilling parameters, with subsequent near real‐time data processing for access by on‐site personnel and face engineers in decision‐making process. A deficiency in the MWD approach is still the subjective data interpretation necessary to translate visualised data into actual face decisions. Digital scepticism and a lack of digital knowledge are other obstacles in automating the process from data interpretation to decisions. Thus, MWD data are sometimes only used for nice visualisations and as‐built documentation. This study proposes machine learning (ML)‐based methods to characterise the rock mass from sensor data using data from five twin‐tube tunnels in a Norwegian highway project. Results show that the deep learning‐based method – convolutional neural network – is capable of translating complex patterns in MWD data to functional rock mass characterisation, thereby aiding face engineers with data analysis. The study is, to our knowledge, the first known attempt to use deep learning‐based computer vision techniques to interpret MWD data framed as images.
Clinical evaluation versus magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with radicular arm pain—A pragmatic study
Authors: Redebrandt Henrietta N. , Brandt Christian , Hawran Said , Bendix Tom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesCervical nerve root compression can lead to radiculopathy in the arm. Some studies have reported low accuracy in determining the responsible nerve root in both cervical and lumbar regions. This prospective, observational, pragmatic study aimed to determine the accuracy of the clinical evaluation relative to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with arm radiculopathy.MethodsPatients with neck pain and neck‐related arm pain referred to a spine unit underwent a standard clinical neurological examination and cervical spine MRI. The clinical examination required a judgment of the most likely cervical root involved, including the side. The Interobserver reproducibility was tested. Using MRI, the most likely nerve root involved according to radiology was assessed.ResultsEighty‐three patients met the inclusion criteria. The Interobserver reproducibility between clinical evaluators was 58%, with a modest κ coefficient (0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18–0.47) classified only as "fair agreement.” Only 31% (95% CI: 22–42) of the 83 patients exhibited full agreement regarding the suspected cervical root as assessed via the clinical evaluation and MRI. In another 28% (95% CI: 18–39), the clinical evaluation identified an adjacent level to that identified on MRI.ConclusionsIn cervical radiculopathy, the clinical‐neurological examination diagnosed the same in 31% or an adjacent cervical root in 28% of the patients in relation to the most affected cervical root on MRI.
Couple stress flow of exponentially stretching sheet with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model
Authors: Abbas Tasawar , Ahmad Bilal , Khan Sami Ullah , Haq Ehsan Ul , Hassan Qazi Mahmood Ul , Wakif Abderrahim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the effect of three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow for a couple of stress fluids on an exponentially stretching sheet. The magnetic field is implemented normally to the surface. To observe the transfer of heat phenomenon, the Cattaneo–Christov flux model of heat is employed. Using similarity transformation, the substantial differential equations are reformed into ordinary differential equations. Eventually, the effects of different physical parameters are studied graphically. The drawback in Fourier heat flux model is removed by adding a new paramter known as thermal relaxation time by Cattaneo. This perimeter allows heat transportation by way of propagation of waves thermally at a defined speed. After this, the Cattaneo law is further modified by Christov–Christov to replace the ordinary derivative along Oldroyd's upper‐convective derivative.
Evaluating long‐term One‐Way Atmosphere‐Hydrology simulations and the impacts of Two‐Way coupling in four mountain watersheds
Authors: Rudisill William , Kaiser Kendra E. , Flores Alejandro N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJoint hydrologic‐atmospheric model frameworks offer novel insights into the terrestrial hydrologic cycle and the potential for improved predictive capabilities for stream discharge and other hydrologic fluxes. In this study, we examine both one‐ and two‐way coupled integrations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF v3.8.1) atmospheric and WRF‐Hydro (v5.0) hydrologic models for four 1000–2000 km2 snow‐dominated mountain watersheds (1500–2100 m mean elevation) in Idaho's Rocky Mountains. In watersheds where anthropogenic withdrawals are minimal (3 of 4 watersheds), we simulate stream discharge with high confidence (KGE > 0.63) for a 20 year period in the uncoupled scenarios, and find that WRF winter precipitation accumulations have less than 15% average error for all but two of the fourteen comparison NRCS Snotel sites. However, annual streamflow biases are highly correlated (r2 > 0.8 in some cases) with the annual errors in WRF cold‐season precipitation, suggesting that process representation of winter orographic precipitation limits hydrologic predictability. In the second part of the study, we evaluate the potential for ‘two‐way’ model coupling to influence hydrologic predictability by examining a 2 month case‐study period with active spring season convective precipitation. We quantify the impacts of resolving hillslope‐scale soil water redistribution on the ABL, and find that while resolving overland and saturated subsurface soil moisture flow influences soil moisture distributions and surface energy fluxes, the impact on precipitation is non‐systematic, as precipitation is generally atmospherically controlled during the study period. Consequently, future efforts should focus on improving winter orographic process representation, as streamflow is highly sensitive to errors in these processes.
Hypothesised cutaneous sites of origin of stage III melanomas with unknown primary: A multicentre study
Authors: Clayton Bethan , Muneeb Ferhan , Hughes Maria Celia B. , Grant Megan E. , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Smithers B. Mark , Spina Romina , Campana Luca G. , Oudit Deemesh , Green Adele C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on molecular evidence that melanomas with unknown primary (MUPs) arise from the skin, we hypothesised that sites of MUPs are disproportionately on trunk and lower limbs, sites that are not readily visible to patients and clinicians. We tested this hypothesis by inferring the anatomic site of origin of MUPs from the corresponding known cutaneous sites of melanoma patients with known primary tumours (MKPs). We analysed data from three separate cohorts of patients from Brisbane, Australia (n = 236); Manchester, UK (n = 51) and Padova, Italy (n = 33), respectively, who first presented with stage III melanoma with lymph node metastases. We matched two MKP patients to each MUP patient based on lymph node dissection (LND) site, age and sex, and imputed cutaneous sites of origin of MUPs from their two matched MKPs for study countries, giving two possible sites for each MUP per centre. Overall, results showed that MUP patients were predominantly male, and trunk was the most likely origin, comprising around a third to a half of MUPs across the three cohorts. The remaining MUP inferred sites varied by country. In the Australian cohort, the legs accounted for a third of imputed sites of MUPs, while in the UK and Italian cohorts, the most frequent site was the arms followed by the legs. Our findings suggest the need for regular and thorough skin examination on trunk and limbs, especially in males, to improve early detection of cutaneous melanoma and reduce the risk of metastatic disease at the time of presentation.