bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General dental practitioners' perceptions of shared decision making: a qualitative study
Authors: Hayer Natasha , Wassif Hoda S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction As patient-centred care becomes more of the focus in healthcare, informed consent is receiving more attention in dental practice as the pinnacle principle in patient care. Shared decision making or person-centred care appears to be taking a back foot in dentistry.Aim This study aims to gain insight into the current views and perceptions of shared decision making by general dental practitioners and how it can be utilised in daily practice.Method Empirical qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews of nine dentists working in general practice, with an average of 30 minutes for each interview. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results Overall, there was a misunderstanding of what constitutes shared decision making among dental practitioners, with communication focused more on information provision rather than collaborative discussion. There were barriers which prevented full discussions with patients from occurring, some of which directly conflicted with the focus of shared decision making.Conclusion There is a need to provide more clarity of what shared decision making is and how it can facilitate person-centred care in dental practice. Dental practitioners felt that standards and guidelines were not clear; therefore, they were confused as to what was expected of them with regards to communication. More support, in the form of standardised decision-making aids, is needed to assist dental practitioners to streamline the delivery of shared decision making in primary care.
Radiation-induced prodrug activation: extending combined modality therapy for some solid tumours
Authors: Farrer Nicola J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Kunkler Ian H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCombined chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced solid tumours. However, systemic toxicity may limit the delivery of planned chemotherapy. New approaches such as radiation-induced prodrug activation might diminish systemic toxicity, while retaining anticancer benefit. Organic azides have recently been shown to be reduced and activated under hypoxic conditions with clinically relevant doses of radiotherapy, uncaging pazopanib and doxorubicin in preclinical models with similar efficacy as the drug, but lower systemic toxicity. This approach may be relevant to the chemoradiation of glioblastoma and other solid tumours and offers potential for switching on drug delivery from implanted devices. The inclusion of reporters to confirm drug activation, avoidance of off-target effects and synchronisation of irradiation with optimal intratumoral drug concentration will be critical. Further preclinical validation studies of this approach should be encouraged.
CCDC12 promotes tumor development and invasion through the Snail pathway in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Du Fengying , Peng Lipan , Wang Qiang , Dong Kangdi , Pei Wenting , Zhuo Hongqing , Xu Tao , Jing Changqing , Li Leping , Zhang Jizhun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntegrative expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis found that rs8180040 was significantly associated with Coiled-coil domain containing 12 (CCDC12) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting confirmed CCDC12 was highly expressed in COAD tissues, which was consistent with RNA-Seq data from the TCGA database. Knockdown of CCDC12 could significantly reduce proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells, while exogenous overexpression of CCDC12 had the opposite effect. Four plex Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation assays were performed to determine its function and potential regulatory mechanism and demonstrated that overexpression of CCDC12 would change proteins on the adherens junction pathway. Overexpressed Snail and knocked down CCDC12 subsequently in SW480 cells, and we found that overexpression of Snail did not significantly change CCDC12 levels in SW480 cells, while knockdown of CCDC12 reduced that of Snail. CCDC12 plays a significant role in tumorigenesis, development, and invasion of COAD and may affect the epithelial to mesenchymal transformation process of colon cancer cells by regulating the Snail pathway.
A new lineage of Galapagos giant tortoises identified from museum samples
Authors: Jensen Evelyn L. , Quinzin Maud C. , Miller Joshua M. , Russello Michael A. , Garrick Ryan C. , Edwards Danielle L. , Glaberman Scott , Chiari Ylenia , Poulakakis Nikos , Tapia Washington , Gibbs James P. , Caccone Adalgisa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Galapagos Archipelago is recognized as a natural laboratory for studying evolutionary processes. San Cristóbal was one of the first islands colonized by tortoises, which radiated from there across the archipelago to inhabit 10 islands. Here, we sequenced the mitochondrial control region from six historical giant tortoises from San Cristóbal (five long deceased individuals found in a cave and one found alive during an expedition in 1906) and discovered that the five from the cave are from a clade that is distinct among known Galapagos giant tortoises but closely related to the species from Española and Pinta Islands. The haplotype of the individual collected alive in 1906 is in the same clade as the haplotype in the contemporary population. To search for traces of a second lineage in the contemporary population on San Cristóbal, we closely examined the population by sequencing the mitochondrial control region for 129 individuals and genotyping 70 of these for both 21 microsatellite loci and >12,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]. Only a single mitochondrial haplotype was found, with no evidence to suggest substructure based on the nuclear markers. Given the geographic and temporal proximity of the two deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in the historical samples, they were likely sympatric, raising the possibility that the lineages coexisted. Without the museum samples, this important discovery of an additional lineage of Galapagos giant tortoise would not have been possible, underscoring the value of such collections and providing insights into the early evolution of this iconic radiation.
Cost-effectiveness of sleeping sickness elimination campaigns in five settings of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Antillon Marina , Huang Ching-I , Crump Ronald E. , Brown Paul E. , Snĳders Rian , Miaka Erick Mwamba , Keeling Matt J. , Rock Kat S. , Tediosi Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is marked for elimination of transmission by 2030, but the disease persists in several low-income countries. We couple transmission and health outcomes models to examine the cost-effectiveness of four gHAT elimination strategies in five settings – spanning low- to high-risk – of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Alongside passive screening in fixed health facilities, the strategies include active screening at average or intensified coverage levels, alone or with vector control with a scale-back algorithm when no cases are reported for three consecutive years. In high or moderate-risk settings, costs of gHAT strategies are primarily driven by active screening and, if used, vector control. Due to the cessation of active screening and vector control, most investments (75-80%) are made by 2030 and vector control might be cost-saving while ensuring elimination of transmission. In low-risk settings, costs are driven by passive screening, and minimum-cost strategies consisting of active screening and passive screening lead to elimination of transmission by 2030 with high probability.
Structural insights into multiplexed pharmacological actions of tirzepatide and peptide 20 at the GIP, GLP-1 or glucagon receptors
Authors: Zhao Fenghui , Zhou Qingtong , Cong Zhaotong , Hang Kaini , Zou Xinyu , Zhang Chao , Chen Yan , Dai Antao , Liang Anyi , Ming Qianqian , Wang Mu , Chen Li-Nan , Xu Peiyu , Chang Rulve , Feng Wenbo , Xia Tian , Zhang Yan , Wu Beili , Yang Dehua , Zhao Lihua , Xu H. Eric , Wang Ming-Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlucose homeostasis, regulated by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon (GCG) is critical to human health. Several multi-targeting agonists at GIPR, GLP-1R or GCGR, developed to maximize metabolic benefits with reduced side-effects, are in clinical trials to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which tirzepatide, a GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist, and peptide 20, a GIPR/GLP-1R/GCGR triagonist, manifest their multiplexed pharmacological actions over monoagonists such as semaglutide, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of tirzepatide-bound GIPR and GLP-1R as well as peptide 20-bound GIPR, GLP-1R and GCGR. The structures reveal both common and unique features for the dual and triple agonism by illustrating key interactions of clinical relevance at the near-atomic level. Retention of glucagon function is required to achieve such an advantage over GLP-1 monotherapy. Our findings provide valuable insights into the structural basis of functional versatility of tirzepatide and peptide 20.
Performance behaviour of agro-waste based gypsum hollow blocks for partition walls
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Maiti Soumitra , Bisht Ravindra Singh , Balam Nagesh Babu , Solanki Rakesh , Chourasia Ajay , Panigrahi Soraj Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCrop residue management is a massive problem in the agriculture sector. Agricultural waste in the form of stubble which is usually burnt in the farm fields, causes severe air pollution and poses a threat to the environment. The present study investigates the addition of agro-waste (rice straw) in gypsum hollow-core blocks for partition walls. Various compositions of agro-waste-based gypsum samples have been studied for compressive strength, thermal, sound absorption, sound transmission loss, and fire-resistant properties. The addition of rice straw in gypsum reduces the density and compressive strength of the test sample, thus making it lightweight for non-load bearing wall application. The thermal conductivity of the rice straw added gypsum samples show a decrease in thermal conductivity from 0.2 to 0.11 W/m K. Acoustic properties viz., noise reduction coefficient (NRC) increases from 25 to 45% with increase in rice straw addition and a decreasing trend in sound transmission class (STC) from 37 to 28 dB. The fire-resistant properties viz., surface spread of flame, and fire propagation index test have shown good fire-resistant properties. The agro-waste-based hollow gypsum blocks may be used as a promising material for drywall partitions owing to its thermal insulation, low density, good acoustic and fire-resistant properties.
Gentherapie bei angeborenen Defekten der Immunität
Authors: Ghosh Sujal 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit 50 Jahren werden angeborene Defekte der Immunität erfolgreich durch eine allogene hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation behandelt. Neben verschiedenen Faktoren, wie z. B. Grunderkrankungen und Komorbiditäten, ist die geeignete Spenderverfügbarkeit von Bedeutung. Die Spender-gegen-Empfänger-Erkrankung ist gerade im HLA-nicht-angepassten Setting eine wesentliche Ursache für Morbidität und Mortalität. Seit über 30 Jahren ist man bestrebt, für diese seltenen Erkrankungen gentherapeutische Konzepte zu entwickeln. Der schwere kombinierte Immundefekt, die chronisch-septische Granulomatose und das Wiskott-Aldrich-Syndom zählen zu den ersten genetischen Erkrankungen, die mittels viraler Vektoren durch ein Genadditionsverfahren behandelt werden konnten. Lehren aus diesen Studien konnten auch für eine Reihe nicht-immunologischer Erkrankungen gezogen werden. Überschattet wurden die initial erfolgversprechenden Behandlungsergebnisse mit dem häufigen Auftreten von Leukämien. Modifikationen viraler Vektoren durch zahlreiche Sicherheitsmechanismen sind nun Bestandteil moderner Gentherapiestudien, sodass mittlerweile diese Plattform für eine Reihe weiterer Erkrankung zur Verfügung steht.
Diabetes and COVID-19
Authors: Bornstein Stefan 
Published: February 2022

Sehr geehrte Leserinnen und Leser von Diabetes aktuell,in der beiliegenden Ausgabe von Diabetes aktuell widmen wir uns einem Thema, welches uns als Hausärzte, Diabetologen und Internisten in den letzten Monaten sehr beansprucht und beschäftigt hat. Nicht nur Anästhesisten, Intensivmediziner und Pneumologen waren in dieser Pandemie besonders gefordert, sondern auch wir als Diabetologen.
Diabetes und Nierenerkrankungen bei COVID-19
Authors: Tonnus Wulf , Latk Markus , Linkermann Andreas 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas SARS-CoV2-Virus befällt in der Niere verschiedene Zelltypen. Während in der Öffentlichkeit primär über die pulmonale Symptomatik diskutiert wurde, rückt zunehmend die weniger offensichtliche Schädigung anderer Organsysteme in den Fokus. Besonders bei Diabetikern ist die Niere in diesem Zusammenhang relevant, welche sowohl über direkte Virusinfektion als auch indirekte Folgeerscheinungen geschädigt werden kann. Die Pathomechanismen umfassen akute Nierenfunktionseinschränkungen ebenso wie die Entwicklung einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz. Umgekehrt stellen Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz ein besonders vulnerables Kollektiv in der Pandemie dar, da dies sowohl ein Risikofaktor für einen schweren Verlauf darstellt als auch Präventionsmaßnahmen deutlich erschwert. Ein Verständnis für diese Zusammenhänge ist daher nicht nur für die Betreuung immunkompromittierter Patienten essenziell, sondern auch im Rahmen der Nachsorge nach COVID-19-Pneumonie.
Multiparametric Oncologic Hybrid Imaging: Machine Learning Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Küstner Thomas , Hepp Tobias , Seith Ferdinand 
Published: February 2022

Background Machine learning (ML) is considered an important technology for future data analysis in health care.
Methods The inherently technology-driven fields of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine will both benefit from ML in terms of image acquisition and reconstruction. Within the next few years, this will lead to accelerated image acquisition, improved image quality, a reduction of motion artifacts and – for PET imaging – reduced radiation exposure and new approaches for attenuation correction. Furthermore, ML has the potential to support decision making by a combined analysis of data derived from different modalities, especially in oncology. In this context, we see great potential for ML in multiparametric hybrid imaging and the development of imaging biomarkers.
Results and Conclusion In this review, we will describe the basics of ML, present approaches in hybrid imaging of MRI, CT, and PET, and discuss the specific challenges associated with it and the steps ahead to make ML a diagnostic and clinical tool in the future.
Key Points:
Citation Format
SOP Symptomkontrolle beim palliativmedizinischen Notfall
Authors: Eschbach Tim , Sanftl Petra 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der präklinischen Notfallmedizin stößt der Rettungsdienst immer wieder auf Patienten mit schweren Grunderkrankungen 1, die sich mit stark belastenden
Symptomen, wie Luftnot und Schmerzen, präsentieren. Nur wenige sind an eine spezielle ambulante Palliativversorgung (SAPV) angebunden oder haben eine eindeutige Patientenverfügung. Eine
rasche Klärung des Therapieziels ist in der Akutsituation oft nicht möglich. Diese SOP zeigt Möglichkeiten einer medikamentösen Symptomkontrolle.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der arthritis + rheuma, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Fiehn Christoph , Gaulke Ralph , Rüther Wolfgang 
Published: February 2022

alles Gute im Neuen Jahr!Es ist für die Herausgeber immer wieder eine besondere Freude zu sehen, welch hohe Akzeptanz die arthritis + rheuma bei ihrer Leserschaft findet. Die Leseranalyse medizinischer Fachmedien (LA-MED) attestiert der Zeitung wiederholt Bestnoten. Die Zeitung wird viel gelesen.
(+)-Magnolin Enhances Melanogenesis in Melanoma Cells and Three-Dimensional Human Skin Equivalent; Involvement of PKA and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Uto Takuhiro , Tung Nguyen Huu , Ohta Tomoe , Shoyama Yukihiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagnoliae Flos is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat nasal congestion associated with headache, empyema, and allergic rhinitis. In our preliminary screening of crude drugs used in
Japanese Kampo formulas for melanin synthesis, the methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos was found to exhibit strong melanin synthesis activity. However, there have been no studies evaluating
the effects of Magnoliae Flos or its constituents on melanogenesis. The present study aimed to isolate the active compounds from Magnoliae Flos that activate melanin synthesis in melanoma
cells and three-dimensional human skin equivalent, and to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying melanin induction. The methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos induced an increase of
melanin content in both B16-F1 and HMV-II cells. A comparison of melanin induction by three fractions prepared from the extract showed that the ethyl acetate fraction markedly induced
melanin synthesis. Bioassay-guided separation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of seven lignans (1 – 7). Among them, (+)-magnolin (5) strongly
induced melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction and 5 clearly induced melanin content in a three-dimensional human skin
equivalent. Molecular analysis revealed that 5 triggered the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2. Further analysis of
transcriptional factors and signaling pathways demonstrated that 5 induces the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2
activated by the protein kinase A- and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways, leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation and
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression. These findings demonstrate the potential of 5 as a potent therapeutic agent for hypopigmentation.
Kann Diabetes durch COVID-19 ausgelöst werden?
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Ludwig Barbara , Bornstein Stefan 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wurde lange diskutiert, ob COVID-19 zu neu auftretendem Diabetes führen kann. Jedoch jetzt, fast 2 Jahre nach Beginn der Pandemie, haben mehrere Studien berichtet, dass neu auftretender Diabetes mit COVID-19 in Verbindung gebracht wird. Stoffwechselerkrankungen sind mit einem erhöhten Risiko für schweres COVID-19 verbunden und umgekehrt wurden bei COVID-19-Patienten eine neu auftretende Hyperglykämie und Komplikationen eines vorbestehenden Diabetes beobachtet. Darüber hinaus sind leicht erhöhte Blutzuckerwerte bei COVID-19-Patienten selbst bei Menschen ohne Diabetes mit schlechteren Ergebnissen verbunden. Die genauen Mechanismen für einen neu auftretenden Diabetes bei Patienten mit COVID-19 sind noch nicht bekannt. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich neben direkten oder indirekten Auswirkungen von SARS-CoV-2 auf die Beta-Zellen in der Bauchspeicheldrüse um eine Reihe komplexer zusammenhängender Prozesse, so wie zuvor nicht diagnostizierter Diabetes, Stresshyperglykämie und steroidinduzierte Hyperglykämie.
Management von Diabetespatienten in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Hoffmann Carlotta , Rachner Tilman D. , Guggenbichler Florian , Tahirukaj Ermal , Bejtullah Sacipi , Zinserling Vsevolod A. , Varga Zsuzanna , Bornstein Stefan R. , Perakakis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGÜber 10 % der deutschen Bevölkerung leiden an metabolischen Krankheiten wie Diabetes, Adipositas, oder nicht alkoholischer Steatohepatitis. Betroffene sind während der COVID-19-Pandemie einem besonderen Risiko ausgesetzt, gibt es doch zahlreiche Hinweise auf eine bidirektionale Beziehung zwischen diesen Krankheiten und COVID-19. Einerseits besteht ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten schwerer Krankheitsverläufe bis hin zum Tod, andererseits kann eine COVID-19-Infektion bereits bestehende metabolische Störungen verschlimmern oder neu hervorrufen. Wir werden hier die aktuelle Datenlage bezüglich der pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, die zu dieser bidirektionalen Beziehung führen, zusammenfassen und Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit solchen Patienten während und nach einer Infektion aussprechen.
Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Cycloadditions of ortho-Quinone Methides and Related Compounds
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Dorsch Caroline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis review summarizes recent developments in the area of Brønsted acid catalyzed, enantioselective cycloadditions of ortho-quinone methides, ortho-quinone methide imines as well as heterocyclic indole- and pyrrole-based methides. In a straightforward and single-step transformation complex polycyclic N- and O-heterocyclic scaffolds are accessible, with typically good yields and excellent stereocontrol, from simple benzyl and heterobenzyl alcohols upon acid-catalyzed dehydration. The transient precursors are hydrogen-bonded to a chiral Brønsted acid which controls the enantioselectivity of the process.1	Introduction2	Cycloadditions of ortho-Quinone Methides2.1	Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Processes2.2	Cooperative Brønsted Acid/Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Processes3	Cycloadditions of ortho-Quinone Methide Imines4	Cycloadditions of Indolyl-3-methides5	Cycloadditions of Indolyl-2-methides5.1	Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Processes5.2	Cooperative Brønsted Acid/Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Processes6	Cycloadditions of Pyrrolyl-2-methides7	Cycloadditions of Pyrrolyl-3-methides8	Conclusions
Response of turtle hatchlings to light emitting diodes at sea
Authors: Wilson Phillipa , Pendoley Kellie , Whiting Scott , Pattiaratchi Charitha , Meekan Mark , Thums Michele 
Published: February 2022

It is well known that light pollution disrupts the early dispersal of marine turtles. But now, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are replacing traditional lights, however, we know little about how they influence hatchling dispersal. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to assess the early in-water dispersal and predation rates of hatchlings in response to different intensities of LEDs ranging from 10 to 120 W. We found no effect of LEDs on hatchling bearing when lights were in the direction they dispersed under ambient conditions. When LEDs were not in their usual direction of travel, variability in mean bearing increased, and a change in bearing occurred with the highest light intensity. We found weak evidence that predation was also higher at this light intensity compared to ambient, and also in two of the lower light intensities (10 and 30 W), but only on one experimental night. We were unable to find a relationship between hatchling speed and time spent in the tracking area with light intensity. However, reduced sample sizes (due to predation) might have affected our ability to detect effects. Although more effort is required to increase the confidence in our findings, LEDs disrupted hatchling dispersal and are therefore likely to negatively affect their survival.
BIN1 modulation in vivo rescues dynamin-related myopathy
Authors: Lionello Valentina Maria , Kretz Christine , Edelweiss Evelina , Crucifix Corinne , Gómez-Oca Raquel , Messaddeq Nadia , Buono Suzie , Koebel Pascale , Massana Muñoz Xènia , Diedhiou Nadège , Cowling Belinda S. , Bitoun Marc , Laporte Jocelyn 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Membrane remodeling and trafficking is essential for intracellular organization under normal conditions and can be altered in a plethora of diseases. Here we characterized the action of amphiphysin (BIN1) and dynamin (DNM2), two main regulators of membrane remodeling mutated in congenital myopathies. We found their interplay is necessary for membrane fission in vitro and to maintain muscle homeostasis in vivo. Moreover, increasing BIN1 expression was validated as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate both mild and severe forms of DNM2-associated myopathies in mice.