bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Galaxy Rotation Model based on 21 cm Hydrogen Spectrum
Authors: Jia Ruopeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlon sky survey is a data acquisition method of 21 cm neutral hydrogen spectrum. Recently, the author has conducted a series of studies on the data of the gLon sky survey. After transforming and analyzing the data, the author found that in the region of the center of the Milky Way galaxy, the linear velocity of galactic rotation increases with the distance away from the center. For the region 15 light-years away, the linear velocity of rotation remains almost unchanged. By transforming the variation of velocity with radius into the chart, it can be found that there are deviations in the early galactic rotation structure model. For the newly proposed combined Exponential and Isothermal model, there is a high degree of agreement. The model confirms that there is a huge dark matter halo at the outer edge of the Galaxy. The weak gravitational interaction between dark matter halo and visible matter affects the current rotational structure of the Galaxy.
Structural Design for Improving the Strength of Flat Wooden Pallets
Authors: Zhu X , Toyota H , Ito D , Doi K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a new pallet structure using the inexpensive hinoki wood, which is produced in the Ehime Prefecture, having the same strength as the conventional Oregon pine wood. A new pallet structure was proposed for achieving high-strength by improving the flexural stiffness and compressive stiffness and achieving high-cost performance by using the inexpensive hinoki wood. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: deflection of the new type is reduced compared to the standard type, due to the increased bending rigidity of the edge board and deck board; compressive displacement of the new model decreases, as the compressive stiffness of the pallet legs increases; new mold pattern 6 made is higher in strength and rigidity than the standard mold; cost of the new type #6 is 72% of that of the standard type pallet, and cost can be reduced by 28%.
Trials of transmission imaging using clinically used Ir-192 source for high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Authors: Nagata J. , Yamamoto S. , Nakanishi K. , Noguchi Y. , Okudaira K. , Kataoka J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, verification of an
Ir-192 source's position during treatment is required. One of the
methods for this used a high-energy pinhole gamma camera to image
the position of the source, but the absolute position of the source
cannot be measured. To confirm the absolute position, it will be
useful to acquire the transmission image of a subject in addition to
the gamma photon image at the same time without using an additional
X-ray system. To measure the transmission images, we tried to use
the high-energy gamma photons emitted from the Ir-192 source used
for the therapy. We developed a high-energy gamma photon imaging
system composed of 1-mm-thick Pr doped Gd2O2S (GOS), a
surface mirror, and a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The
developed imaging system achieved transmission imaging of
high-energy gamma photons by transporting the Ir-192 source in front
of the imaging system. The spatial resolution of the imaging system
was better than 2.4 mm FWHM with and without a 10-cm-thick acrylic
block set between the imaging system and the source. Moderate
spatial resolution and contrast images of phantoms were obtained
with the system. For the dynamic imaging mode, continuous images of
the phantoms were measured with 1-sec intervals. There was no
observable difference in the transmission images by the movement of
the Ir-192 source. Transmission imaging of subjects using an Ir-192
source for HDR brachytherapy could be achieved using our developed
imaging system. The system offers a new method to measure the
real-time transmission images of the subject during HDR
brachytherapy.
Comparative study on charging-up of single, double and triple Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM)
Authors: Kumar V. , Mukhopadhyay S. , Majumdar N. , Sarkar S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a detailed investigation has been carried out to understand the physics behind GEM charging-up and its effects on gain. Experiments have been performed on both double and triple GEM with the help of 55Fe X-ray source and a comparative study of these configurations along with the single GEM results observed in our previous work has been reported.
The increase in gain due to polarization of GEM foil dielectric and reduction in gain due to charge accumulation on dielectric are studied for various field configurations and different radiation intensities.
Timing performance of the Timepix4 front-end
Authors: Heijhoff K. , Akiba K. , Ballabriga R. , van Beuzekom M. , Campbell M. , Colijn A.P. , Fransen M. , Geertsema R. , Gromov V. , Llopart Cudie X. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A characterisation of the Timepix4 pixel front-end with a
strong focus on timing performance is presented. Externally
generated test pulses were used to probe the per-pixel
time-to-digital converter (TDC) and measure the time-bin sizes by
precisely controlling the test-pulse arrival time in steps of
10 ps. The results indicate that the TDC can achieve a time
resolution of 60 ps, provided that a calibration is performed to
compensate for frequency variation in the voltage controlled
oscillators of the pixel TDCs. The internal clock distribution
system of Timepix4 was used to control the arrival time of
internally generated analog test pulses in steps of about
20 ps. The analog test pulse mechanism injects a controlled amount
of charge directly into the analog front-end (AFE) of the pixel, and
was used to measure the time resolution as a function of signal
charge, independently of the TDC. It was shown that for the default
configuration, the AFE time resolution in the hole-collecting mode
is limited to 105 ps. However, this can be improved up to about
60 ps by increasing the preamplifier bias-current at the cost of
increased power dissipation. For the electron-collecting mode, an
AFE time resolution of 47 ps was measured for a bare Timepix4
device at a signal charge of 21 ke. It was observed that additional
input capacitance from a bonded sensor reduces this figure to
62 ps.
Energetic neutron identification with pulse shape discrimination in pure CsI crystals
Authors: Longo S. , Khan M. , Dharani S. , von Krosigk B. , Ferber T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pulse shape discrimination with pure CsI scintillators is
investigated as a method for separating energy deposits by energetic
neutrons and photons at particle physics experiments. Using neutron
data collected near the European XFEL XS1 beam window the pulse
shape discrimination capabilities of pure CsI are studied and
compared to CsI(Tl) using near-identical detector setups, which were
operated in parallel. The inelastic interactions of 100 MeV
neutrons are observed to produce a slower scintillation emission in
pure CsI relative to energy deposits from cosmic muons. By
employing a charge-ratio method for pulse shape characterization,
pulse shape discrimination with pure CsI is shown to be effective
for identifying energy deposits from neutrons vs. cosmic muons,
however, pure CsI was not able resolve the specific type of neutron
inelastic interactions as can be done with CsI(Tl). Using pulse
shape discrimination, the rate of energetic neutron interactions in
a pure CsI detector is measured as a function of time and shown to
be correlated with the European XFEL beam power. The results
demonstrate that pulse shape discrimination with pure CsI has
significant potential to improve electromagnetic vs. hadronic
shower identification at future particle physics experiments.
Grid-based simulation of soil moisture in the UK: future changes in extremes and wetting and drying dates
Authors: Kay A L , Lane R A , Bell V A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soil moisture, typically defined as the amount of water in the unsaturated soil layer, is a central component of the hydrological cycle. The potential impacts of climate change on soil moisture have been less specifically studied than those on river flows, despite soil moisture deficits/excesses being a factor in a range of natural hazards, as well as having obvious importance for agriculture. Here, 1 km grids of monthly mean soil moisture content are simulated using a national-scale grid-based hydrological model, more typically applied to look at changes in river flows across Britain. A comparison of the soil moisture estimates from an observation-based simulation, with soil moisture deficit data from an operational system developed by the UK Met Office (Meteorological Office Rainfall and Evaporation Calculation System; MORECS), shows relatively good correspondence in soil drying and wetting dates, and in the month when soils are driest. The UK Climate Projections 2018 Regional projections are then used to drive the hydrological model, to investigate changes in occurrence of indicative soil moisture extremes and changes in typical wetting and drying dates of soils across the country. Analyses comparing baseline (December 1981–November 2011) and future (December 2050–November 2080) time-slices suggest large increases in the spatial occurrence of low soil moisture levels, along with later soil wetting dates, although changes to soil drying dates are less clear. Such information on potential future changes in soil moisture is important to enable the development of appropriate adaptation strategies for a range of sectors vulnerable to soil moisture levels.
In situ conservation of mangroves species in Bagan Datuk, Perak
Authors: Nurcahaya Khairany M A , Farah Shahanim M M , Zahirah M T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In situ conservation is one of the methods recommended for conserving forest genetic resources. It aims to maintain and recover viable population of species in its natural habitat, to reintroduce the rare and endangered species and to recreate the habitats for plant species. Though mangrove rehabilitation programmes are widely carried out in Malaysia, the most common species planted for this purpose have always been Rhizophora apiculata (Bakau minyak) and Rhizophora mucronata (Bakau kurap). In this study, mangroves species namely Bruguiera cylindrica (Berus-berus), Ceriops tagal (Tengar), Xylocarpus granantum (Nyireh bunga), Xylocarpus moluccensis (Nyireh batu) and Sonneratia ovata (Gedabu) were planted in Bagan Datuk Mangrove Germplasm, Perak. These species were selected due to their unavailability in the study area. The main objective of this study is to rehabilitate and to introduce new species in the Bagan Datuk Mangrove Germplasm area. The initial growth and survival of saplings planted were measured and data obtained were analyzed using SPSS program. After 12 months of planting, the survival rate was 80% and Sonneratia ovata recorded the highest mean height increment.
Research notes on bats’ species assemblage in Madai Cave of Segama Valley, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mahyudin A , Sukiman S S , Kumar S V , Hoque M Z 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Insectivorous bats spend approximately half of their lives in the roost. Most of them are cave-dwelling and use the caves as roosting grounds. Roosts are important for mating, hibernation, rearing young, and a place to socialise, while providing protection from predators in a thermo-stable environment. This study aims to assess the diversity of insectivorous bats at Madai caves in Kunak, Lahad Datu, Sabah over a temporal period of 8 years. The sampling of bats was conducted twice i.e. in August 2010 and in December 2018. Harp traps and mist nets were used to sample bats in all sampling sessions. Eighteen species of bats, including two fruit bats, Cynopterus brachyotis and Rousettus spinalatus, were identified from the study site. Four insectivorous bat species were found in both years consistently i.e. Hipposideros cervinus, Rhinolophus creaghi, R. philippinensis, and Chaerephon plicatus. The species list in 2010 and 2018 differed by more than 50%, which may be a cause of concern and warrants further investigation. Most of the listed species are categorised as Least Concern, under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, except for Rousettus spinalatus, Hipposideros ridleyi and Miniopterus schreibersii which are listed as vulnerable. Only Hipposideros dyacorum is protected under Sabah Wildlife Enactment (1997). These findings will assist policymakers in making decisions on the importance to conserve the natural habitats of bats.
Selection of agroforestry tree-base participatory and ecological approach in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Purnawan E I , Jemi R , Kasim H , Uthan L A , Regalino J , Hamidi A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the selection agroforestry tree species based on a participatory approach and an ecological approach in Humbang Raya village and Tumbang Mantuhe village. This study method was carried out using a participatory approach through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) activities and an ecological approach through the identification of tree species in open and closed forests. The results of the FGD selected tree species in Humbang Raya village as many as 17 tree species and in Tumbang Mantuhe village as many as five tree species. The results of the identification of tree species in Humbang Raya village in closed forest amounted to 34 tree species, while in open forest there were 10 tree species. In Tumbang Mantuhe village in closed forest there are 29 species of trees and open forest five species of trees. It was concluded that the selected tree species to be planted on agroforestry land in Humbang Raya village and Tumbang Mantuhe village each had 4 tree species.
Vertical accuracy comparison of multi-source Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)
Authors: Chai L T , Wong C J , James D , Loh H Y , Liew J J F , Wong W V C , Phua M H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. There are many freely available DEM data with a spatial resolution of 30 m to 90 m. Nevertheless, their vertical accuracy may vary, depending on the vegetation cover and terrain characteristics. This study examined the vertical accuracy of open-access global DEMs (ALOS PALSAR, ASTER GDEM3, SRTM, TanDEM-X) and fused DEM (EarthEnv-DEM90, MERIT DEM). Their performances were assessed using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generated using airborne LiDAR data that had an outstanding absolute vertical accuracy (mean error (ME) = 0.24 m; root mean square error (RMSEz) = 1.20 m). Height differences between the global DEMs and the LiDAR DTM were calculated and examined their performances by forested vs. non-forested, slope, and elevation classes. The results showed the MERIT DEM was superior to other DEMs in most of the testing methods. It outperformed other DEMs with an RMSEz value of 3.02 m in the forested areas, followed by ALOS PALSAR (9.29 m), EarthEnv-DEM90 (9.40 m), SRTM (9.80 m), TanDEM-X (10.41 m), and ASTER GDEM3 (12.57 m). The MERIT DEM also had the best accuracy in the higher elevation areas. Overall, the ASTER GDEM3 had the worst accuracies, with relatively large over-estimations compared to other DEMs. Despite its low spatial resolution, the MERIT DEM was the best for representing terrain elevation for applications over a large area.
Utilizing Landsat 8 OLI for land cover classification in plantations area
Authors: Anua S N , Wong W V C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Identifying the land cover in plantations is crucial to assist the management of an area. Today, land cover classification can be achieved using free satellite data. The objective of this study is to perform a supervised classification using LANDSAT 8 OLI to differentiate the land cover in Brumas Camp which consists of non-vegetation, oil palm, forest, and forest plantations. The overall accuracy and Kappa’s coefficients were 71.64% and 0.62, respectively. We found out that the accuracy of classification for non-vegetation is relatively higher compared to vegetation land cover types. The non-vegetation land cover has distinct spectral reflectance which is useful to differentiate between non-vegetation and vegetation land covers.
Correlation between hardness and density profile of glue-laminated timber manufactured from viscoelastic-thermal compression modified Paraserianthes falcataria laminas
Authors: Albert C M , Liew K C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A fast-growing tree species, Paraserianthes falcataria, possessed low value in density. Therefore, it was subjected to a densification treatment, i.e., viscoelastic-thermal compression (VTC), to enhance its density and mechanical performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the density profile and hardness of VTC-modified glue-laminated timber. The laminas underwent VTC, whereby five different pre-steaming durations were applied, ranging from 0-30 minutes prior to forming into glue-laminated timber panels. The panels were cut into pre-determined test pieces and subjected to density determination using an X-ray densitometer and hardness test in the tangential direction using the ball indentation method. The correlation analysis found that increasing density slightly enhanced the hardness of the tangential surface of the glue-laminated timber test pieces, whereby the Pearson’s correlation values, r were .074 (0 minutes, non-densified), .154 (0 minutes, densified), -.027 (10 minutes, densified), .088 (20 minutes, densified), and .225 (30 minutes, densified). Nevertheless, the associations were found to be statistically insignificant because the p-values were greater than 0.05, thus suggesting densification treatment did not enhance hardness.
Morphological and bending properties of cross-laminated timber prototype manufactured with densified Paraserianthes falcataria
Authors: Tan Y F , Liew K C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Densification is a modification process commonly used to modify the density and hence, properties improvement of low-density wood. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) manufactured from plantation tree has gained more interest recently but the potentiality of using densified fast-grown plantation wood, Batai (Paraserianthes falcataria) in the layering of CLT has yet to be discovered. This study aims to investigate the relationship between morphology of densified wood and bending performance of lab-scale prototype CLT manufactured from it. Laminas after conditioned were hot-pressed (105°C, 6 MPa for 10 minutes) for two stages with venting (press released for 1 minute 40 seconds) in between before cooling to below 100°C to reduce immediate springback. Densified laminas with three different targeted thicknesses (8, 10, and 15) mm were produced before further manufactured into three-layer CLT (24, 30, and 45) mm thick panels. CLT 60 mm thick panels from three pieces of undensified (20 mm) laminas acts as control. Results show that area of pores morphologically had reduced significantly (average 6.59 µm2) for laminas densified to 8 mm. CLT 24 show significant improvement up to 696% (Modulus of Elasticity) and 48.8% (Modulus of Rupture) when the area of pores had reduced. Morphological of densified laminas correlates negatively with bending properties of CLT.
Wear life of PTFE/Kevlar self-lubricating composite under high frequency oscillatory conditions
Authors: Jian Liu , Jialun Li , Fei Lu , Yongzhen Zhang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, the PTFE/Kevlar self-lubricating composite was prepared for the service conditions of high frequency oscillation. The full-life cycle friction and wear characteristics was analyzed, and the tribological properties and failure mechanism at different life stages were studied. Fatigue life test of PTFE/Kevlar self-lubricating composite was performed by a self-developed heavy load reciprocating test machine. Results show that the self-lubricating performance of the material increases while the wear life decreases with the increase of stress and frequency. The main failure mode of the material consists of abrasive wear and adhesive wear, accompanied by extrusion fracture of the fiber. Tribological performance and surface state show distinct phase characteristics in the life cycle. The change of frequency affects the adhesive wear degree in the fiber fracture area. Differently, the change of stress affects the adhesive wear degree in the fiber fracture area as well as the uniform stability of the transfer film. The comparison of frequency and stress shows that the change of frequency has a greater influence on the material self-lubricating performance and life. This study could provide a research basis for the design and development of self-lubricating composites in high frequency oscillating conditions, and also provide reference data for the calibration of service conditions for PTFE/Kevlar self-lubricating composites.
The FMRFamide-like peptide FLP-2 is involved in the modulation of larval development and adult lifespan by regulating the secretion of the insulin-like peptide INS-35 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kageyama Natsumi , Nose Masayo , Ono Masahiro , Matsunaga Yohei , Iwasaki Takashi , Kawano Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In the animal kingdom, neuropeptides regulate diverse physiological functions. In invertebrates, FMRFamide and its related peptides, a family of neuropeptides, play an important role as neurotransmitters. The FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) are one of the most diverse neuropeptide families and are conserved in nematodes. Our screen for flp genes of the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that the flp-2 gene is involved in the larval development. The gene is also conserved in plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes. Our molecular genetic analyses of the C. elegans flp-2 gene demonstrated as follows: (1) the production and secretion of FLP-2, produced in the head neurons, are controlled by environmental factors (growth density and food); (2) the FLP-2 is involved in not only larval development but also adult lifespan by regulating the secretion of one of the insulin-like peptides INS-35, produced in the intestine. These findings provide new insight into the development of new nematicides.
Studying predator foraging mode and hunting success at the individual level with an online videogame
Authors: Fraser Franco Maxime , Santostefano Francesca , Kelly Clint D , Montiglio Pierre-Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPredator–prey interactions are important drivers of community and ecosystem dynamics. With an online multiplayer videogame, we propose a novel system to explore within population variation in predator hunting mode, and how predator–prey behavioral interactions affect predator hunting success. We empirically examined how four predator foraging behaviors covary at three hierarchical levels (among environments, among individuals, and within individuals) to assess the structure of predator hunting mode. We also investigated how prey activity affects the foraging behavior and hunting success of predators. Our study supports key findings on predator foraging mode and predator-prey interactions from behavioral ecology. We found that individual predators displayed a diversity of hunting tactics that were conditioned by prey behavior. With prey movement, individual predators specialized either as cursorial or ambush hunters along a continuum of their hunting traits, but also shifted their strategy between encounters. Both types of hunters were generally better against slower moving prey, and they achieved similar prey captures over the sampling period. This suggests that virtual worlds supporting multiplayer online videogames can serve as legitimate systems to advance our knowledge on predator–prey interactions.