bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes of rare autosomal trisomies results in non‐invasive prenatal screening: clinical follow‐up data from a single tertiary centre
Authors: Lin Ying , Hu Ping , Li Hang , Luo Chunyu , Liang Dong , Xu Zhengfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study was performed to assess the association between detection of rare autosomal trisomies (RATs) by non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed women with high‐risk RATs results from January 2014 to December 2020. The women's clinical information was collected, and their pregnancy outcomes were compared with those of women with low‐risk results. In total, 151 (0.24%) RATs results were reported among 62,752 NIPS examinations. Sixty‐five women chose to undergo amniocentesis for confirmation, which revealed 3 cases of true fetal mosaicism for RATs and a positive predictive value of 4.6% (3/65). Among the 139 women with available outcomes, 26 (18.7%) had a preterm birth, 10 (7.2%) underwent pregnancy termination because of fetal defects and 5 (3.6%) had miscarriages. Interestingly, compared with the control group, pregnancies in which NIPS revealed trisomy 16 (T16), T22, T9 and T2 were at higher risk of adverse outcomes, including preterm birth, miscarriage and ultrasound abnormalities. However, the risk of adverse outcomes was comparable between the control group and pregnancies with positive results of T7, T3, T8 and T20. In summary, the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was higher in women with specific RATs‐positive NIPS results. Pregnancies with T16, T22, T9 and T2 results, even if false‐positive, should be considered high‐risk pregnancies.
Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal stress predict infant individual differences in reactivity and regulation and socioemotional development
Authors: Liu Ran , DeSerisy Mariah , Fox Nathan A. , Herbstman Julie B. , Rauh Virginia A. , Beebe Beatrice , Margolis Amy E. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundHumans are ubiquitously exposed to air pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Although most studies of prenatal exposures have focused on psychopathology in childhood or adolescence, the effects of air pollutants on early emerging individual differences in reactivity and regulation are of growing concern. Our study is the first to report effects of prenatal exposure to PAH and maternal stress on infant reactivity and regulation.MethodsParticipants included 153 infants (74 girls and 79 boys). Prenatal exposure to PAH was measured via personal air monitoring during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal perceived stress was measured via self‐report. We assessed infant orienting/regulation (OR), surgency (SE), and negative affectivity (NA) at 4 months using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire. We measured infant socioemotional outcomes at 12 months using the Brief Infant‐Toddler Social & Emotional Assessment Questionnaire.ResultsInfants with higher prenatal PAH exposure and of mothers with higher stress had lower OR at 4 months, which predicted lower competence at 12 months. Infants with higher prenatal PAH exposure had lower SE at 4 months, which predicted more behavioral problems at 12 months. Prenatal exposure to PAH had no effects on infant NA at 4 months, although NA was associated with greater behavioral problems at 12 months.ConclusionsInfant reactivity and regulation, as early makers of child psychopathology, can facilitate timely and targeted screening and possibly prevention of disorders caused, in part, by environmental pollution. A multifaceted approach to improve environmental quality and reduce psychosocial stress is necessary to improve the developmental outcomes of children and most specially children from disadvantaged communities that disproportionately experience these environmental exposures.
Channel catfish virus ORF25 and ORF63 genes are essential for viral replication in vitro
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Hao Kai , Li Shuxin , Meng Lihui , Chen Hongxun , Wei Fucheng , Yu Fei , Xu Jing , Zhao Zhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe channel catfish virus (CCV) is a lethal pathogen to aquatic animals that can provoke severe haemorrhagic disease in juvenile channel catfish. Although the CCV genome has been fully sequenced, the molecular mechanisms of CCV infection and pathogenesis are less well known. Genomic DNA replication is a necessary and key event for the CCV life cycle. In this study, the impacts of the putative helicase and primase encoded by viral ORF25 and ORF63 on CCV genome replication and infection were evaluated in channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells. The results showed that the number of CCV genome copies was decreased significantly in virus‐infected CCO cells after knockdown of ORF25 and ORF63 using RNA interference. In contrast, the overexpression of ORF25 and ORF63 led to slight increase in the number of virus genome copies. Consistent with the above results, the present results also showed that the expressions of CCV true‐late genes which strictly depend on viral DNA replication, were significantly increased or repressed by overexpression or RNA interference targeting viral ORF25 and ORF63 genes in virus‐infected CCO cells. In addition, knockdown of ORF25 and ORF63 remarkably inhibited CCV‐induced cytopathic effects and decreased progeny virus titres in CCO cells. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy observation of CCO cells infected with CCV accompanied by siRNA targeting the viral ORF25 and ORF63 genes showed that the number of virus particles was remarkably reduced. Taken together, these results indicated that ORF25 and ORF63 are essential for regulating CCV genome replication and CCV‐induced infection. Our findings will provide an understanding of the replication mechanisms of CCV and contribute to the development of antiviral strategies for controlling CCV infection in channel catfish culture.
Outcomes for upper gastrointestinal bleeding during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Toronto area
Authors: Khan Rishad , Saha Sudipta , Gimpaya Nikko , Bansal Rishi , Scaffidi Michael A , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol A , Grover Samir C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimChanges to endoscopy service availability during the COVID‐19 pandemic may have affected management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). The aim of this study was to describe the impact of the pandemic on UGIB outcomes in the Toronto area in Canada.MethodsWe described all adults admitted to general medicine wards or intensive care units at six hospitals in Toronto and Mississauga, Canada, with UGIB during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) and compared them with a historical cohort (March 1 to June 30, 2018 and 2019). We compared clinical outcomes (in‐hospital mortality, length of stay, 30‐day readmission, intensive care utilization, receipt of endoscopy, persistent bleeding, receipt of second endoscopy, and need for angiographic or surgical intervention) using multivariable regression models, controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and severity of clinical presentation.ResultsThere were 82.5 and 215.5 admissions per month for UGIB during the COVID‐19 and control periods, respectively. There were no baseline differences between groups for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, or severity of bleeding. Patients in the COVID‐19 group did not have significantly different unadjusted (3.9% vs 4.2%, P = 0.983) or adjusted mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25–1.48, P = 0.322). Patients in COVID‐19 group were less likely to receive endoscopy for UGIB in the unadjusted (61.8% vs 71.0%, P = 0.003) and adjusted (adjusted OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49–0.84, P < 0.01) models. There were no differences between groups for other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsWhile patients admitted for UGIB during the first wave of the pandemic were less likely to receive endoscopy, this had no impact on mortality or any secondary outcomes.
Study of interleukin‐1 beta expression in acne vulgaris and acne scars
Authors: ElAttar Yasmina , Mourad Basma , Alngomy Hebat‐Allah , Shams El Deen Aliaa , Ismail Mayada 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease that mostly heals by scarring. Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine, suggested to play a key role in acne pathogenesis.ObjectiveTo study the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of IL1β in acne vulgaris and acne scars to evaluate its possible role in their pathogenesis and to study the relation between the expression of IL1β and the clinicopathological parameters.Patients and methodsThis study was conducted on sixty subjects (twenty patients with acne vulgaris and twenty patients with acne scars), and twenty healthy volunteers as controls. Skin biopsies were taken from patients and controls for routine histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin stain and IHC staining of IL‐1β.ResultsThere was a statistically significant increase in expression of IL‐1β in acne vulgaris compared with post‐acne scars and controls, (p < 0.001) for both. IL‐1β expression was significantly positively correlated with both clinical severity of acne vulgaris (p = 0.022) and severity of histopathological inflammation (p = 0.011).ConclusionInterleukin‐1β expression was associated with acne vulgaris and post‐acne scars with significant positive correlation to clinical and histopathological severity of acne vulgaris. Thus, IL‐1β could be a key player cytokine in acne pathogenesis, its severity and development of post‐acne scars.
Why is generation MZ passionate about good consumption of K‐cosmetics amid the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is putting millions at risk in more and more countries, making it a serious public health threat worldwide. Under such circumstances, “Untact” and “Streaming Life” are emerging as major trends in the recent service industry, and the beauty lives commerce market is expanding centering on mobile shopping in Republic of Korea.ObjectivesThis study descriptively investigated changes in the needs of beauty and cosmetics industry consumers for good consumption of the MZ generation after COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis review paper is a literature review, and a narrative review approach has been used for this study. A total of 300 to 400 references were selected using representative journal search websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ResearchGate, and RISS, of which a total of 39 papers were selected in the final stage based on 2009 to 2021.ResultsAn E‐commerce packaging production and use have grown steadily in recent years as online purchases increase. As a result, the impact on the environment has also increased. Humanity faces climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, and/or destruction of air, soil, water, and ecosystems. The climate and environmental crisis will be one of the greatest challenges in human history. This review paper conducted a comprehensive study on the good consumption of MZ generation for K‐Cosmetics in COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionThis review clearly identifies the needs of consumers in the beauty and cosmetics industry for good consumption of the MZ generation for K‐beauty in COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition, it is expected to be used as an important marketing material in the global cosmetics market by confirming new changes in the Korean cosmetic market, which is the center of K‐Beauty and K‐Cosmetics.
Efficacy of feeding a diet containing a high concentration of mixed fiber sources for management of acute large bowel diarrhea in dogs in shelters
Authors: Lappin Michael R. , Zug Amy , Hovenga Claire , Gagne Jason , Cross Emily 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUse of diets with increased concentrations of dietary fiber is thought to be beneficial in the management of dogs with large bowel diarrhea.ObjectiveTo determine whether feeding a diet with high concentrations of soluble and insoluble fiber to dogs with acute colitis would be superior to feeding a diet with typical fiber levels.AnimalsA total of 52 dogs with acute signs of large bowel diarrhea housed in an animal shelter were entered into the study; 11 dogs per diet completed the protocol.MethodsIn this randomized, prospective study, dogs with a fecal score of 4, 5, 6, or 7 and signs of acute colitis were fed a high fiber diet (4.54% soluble; 15.16% insoluble fiber) or a standard diet (0.6% soluble; 5.33% insoluble fiber) and fecal scores compared over the course of the study with significance defined asP < .05.ResultsAll dogs fed the high fiber diet (11/11; 100%) had a fecal score <5 on the day of adoption or day 9, which was statistically different (P < .04) than dogs fed the standard diet (6/11 dogs; 55%; 95% CI: 23‐83). The proportions of stools with a fecal score >4 were greater (P = .0001) in the dogs fed the standard diet (29/48 samples; 60%; 95% CI: 45‐74) compared to the high fiber diet (8/50 samples; 16%; 95% CI: 7‐29).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results support feeding the high fiber diet described herein to dogs with acute large bowel diarrhea.
Population structure in Neotropical plants: Integrating pollination biology, topography and climatic niches
Authors: Dellinger Agnes S. , Paun Ovidiu , Baar Juliane , Temsch Eva M. , Fernández‐Fernández Diana , Schönenberger Jürg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnimal pollinators mediate gene flow among plant populations, but in contrast to well‐studied topographic and (Pleistocene) environmental isolating barriers, their impact on population genetic differentiation remains largely unexplored. Comparing how these multifarious factors drive microevolutionary histories is, however, crucial for better resolving macroevolutionary patterns of plant diversification. Here we combined genomic analyses with landscape genetics and niche modelling across six related Neotropical plant species (424 individuals across 33 localities) differing in pollination strategy to test the hypothesis that highly mobile (vertebrate) pollinators more effectively link isolated localities than less mobile (bee) pollinators. We found consistently higher genetic differentiation (FST) among localities of bee‐ than vertebrate‐pollinated species with increasing geographical distance, topographic barriers and historical climatic instability. High admixture among montane populations further suggested relative climatic stability of Neotropical montane forests during the Pleistocene. Overall, our results indicate that pollinators may differentially impact the potential for allopatric speciation, thereby critically influencing diversification histories at macroevolutionary scales.
Effect of Orthogeriatric Co‐Management on Geriatric Hip Fractures in China
Authors: Liu Gang , Yang Ming‐hui , Zhu Shi‐wen , Zhang Ping , Wang Geng , Wang Man‐yi , Wu Xin‐bao 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesAlthough geriatric hip fracture is a serious public health problem in China, the result of orthogeriatric co‐management (OGC) is rarely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of OGC in Chinese patients aged ≥65 years.MethodsIn this single‐centre, pre‐post intervention, retrospective study, traditional orthopaedic care (TOC) was used until OGC was implemented in May 2015, a multidisciplinary team was organized, and clinical protocol was designed. Consecutive hip fracture patients who were ≥65 years and injured within 3 weeks were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, fracture patterns, surgical procedure, time to surgery, length of hospital stay, inpatient complications, and in‐hospital mortality were extracted and examined. At 1‐year after surgery, data on patients' mobility and mortality were collected. The time to surgery, incidence of inpatient complications, mortality and functional outcomes were compared between the groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in sex, fracture type, and surgical pattern between OGC (n = 434) and TOC (n = 452) groups. Patients in OGC group were significantly older (P < 0.001) and had a higher age‐adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (P < 0.001). However, waiting time between admission and operation was significantly lower in OGC group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mortality rate at the time of the patient being in‐hospital and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Although 1‐year mortality was higher in OGC group (P = 0.036), Cox regression analysis showed no significant correlation of OGC with 1‐year mortality. There was no significant difference in pre‐injury mobility and 1‐year follow‐up mobility assessed by Parker score. Only approximately half of the patients in both groups completely returned to their pre‐injury mobility level.ConclusionOGC significantly shortens time to surgery for geriatric hip fractures compared with TOC. However, there is no significant effect on mortality rate within 1 year and functional status at 1 year of follow‐up.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor OBP‐801 has in vitro/in vivo anti‐neuroblastoma activity
Authors: Kaneda Daisuke , Iehara Tomoko , Kikuchi Ken , Sugimoto Yohei , Nakagawa Norio , Yagyu Shigeki , Miyachi Mitsuru , Konishi Eiichi , Sakai Toshiyuki , Hosoi Hajime 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with high‐risk neuroblastoma have a poor prognosis; new therapeutic agents are therefore required. We investigated the antitumor effects of OBP‐801, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, its underlying mechanism, and its potential as a therapeutic agent for patients with neuroblastoma.MethodsThe study included five human neuroblastoma cell lines: IMR32, GOTO, KP‐N‐RTBM, SK‐N‐AS, and SH‐SY5Y. We investigated cell proliferation, cell cycle status, protein expression patterns, and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells after OBP‐801 treatment in vitro. Cell survival rate and cell cycle were analyzed using the WST‐8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis was detected using annexin V staining, and the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins was investigated by western blotting. The antitumor activity of OBP‐801 was examined in an in vivo xenograft mouse model.ResultsDose–effect curve analysis showed that the mean half‐maximal inhibitory concentration value was 5.5 ± 5.9 nM for the MYCN‐amplified cell lines (IMR32, GOTO, and KP‐N‐RTBM) and 3.1 ± 0.7 nM for the MYCN‐nonamplified cell lines (SK‐N‐AS and SH‐SY5Y). OBP‐801 inhibited cell proliferation and growth in all the cell lines. It induced G2/M phase arrest through the p21 (CDKN1A) pathway, increasing histone H3 levels and, subsequently, apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells. OBP‐801 suppressed the growth of neuroblastoma cells in the mouse xenograft model.ConclusionsOverall, OBP‐801 induces M‐phase arrest and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells via mitotic catastrophe. Our results indicate that OBP‐801 is a promising therapeutic agent with fewer adverse effects for patients with neuroblastoma.
Comparative profiles of the cuticular chemicals and transpiration barrier properties in various organs of Chinese flowering cabbage and Chinese kale
Authors: Huang Hua , Hu Ying , Wang Ling , Li Fengjun , Shan Youxia , Lian Qiaoqiao , Jiang Yueming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPlant cuticle as hydrophobic barrier covers almost all aerial plant organs. Herein the cuticular chemical components and the transpiration of various organs of Chinese flowering cabbage (CFC) and Chinese kale (CK) were comprehensively characterized. Numerous species‐ and organ‐specific differences in morphological, chemical, and physiological levels were found. The various organs were relatively smooth in surface for CFC but glaucous with hollow tube‐ and plate‐type crystals for CK. The chemical composition of cuticular waxes were very‐long chain n‐alkanes, ketones, secondary alcohols with a prominent carbon chain of C29 in CK, primary alcohols dominated by C26, and aldehydes prominently C30 in CFC. Cutin monomers accumulated with similar levels as waxes and were dominated by α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids and fatty acids without added groups. The minimum water conductance differed considerably among species and various organs ranging between 8.9 × 10−5 (CK leaf) and 3.7 × 10−4 m s−1 (CFC leaf petiole). These differences in transpiration properties were proposed to be largely related to the cuticular chemicals in various organs and species. The presented results provide further insights to link the transpiration barrier functions with surface characteristics and cuticular chemicals.
Bentham’s Public Utilitarianism and Its Jurisprudential Significance
Authors: Priel Dan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne of the ways by which Gerald Postema’sBentham and the Common Law Traditionrevolutionized the study of Bentham’s jurisprudence was by challenging the idea, made popular by Hart (both in his jurisprudential work and his interpretation of Bentham), that the study of law in general is normatively neutral. Against this view, Postema argued that one must understand Bentham’s views on law and jurisprudence in relation to his utilitarianism. At the time of publishing the book, Bentham went very much against the grain, but this view has since gained considerable support. In my paper I seek to refine it. As I see it, Bentham did not think of utilitarianism as a moral theory. Rather, he is best understood as advancing utilitarianism as a public philosophy—anendfor the legislator, and only indirectly applicable for individuals in their everyday lives. This makes Bentham’s utilitarianism tied to his legal philosophy in an even deeper sense than Postema suggested. Law is not there to imitate and help enforce an already existing utilitarian morality that tells people (independently of the law) what they should do. Instead, we should think of law as a mechanism (or a technology) for generating normative guidelines (where those do not otherwise exist). The effect of this is to reverse the familiar way of understanding the relationship between law and morality.
Do US exporters take advantage of free trade agreements? Evidence from the US‐Colombia free trade agreement
Authors: Benguria Felipe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing novel transaction‐level data, the author has studied the determinants of the utilization among US exporters of preferential treatment under the US‐Colombia free trade agreement (FTA). This study finds FTA's use is incomplete and increases based on the magnitude of duty savings, which suggests the existence of a fixed cost to taking advantage of these preferences. To shed light on the nature of this fixed cost, the author shows that after controlling for duty savings FTA use increases over time, is higher among larger exporters, and is positively associated to an exporter's past experience in using the FTA. This suggests the fixed cost of using the FTA falls over time and with exporter size and experience. Finally, the author constructs a measure of the restrictiveness of rules of origin specific to this FTA and find that more restrictive rules of origin lead to a lower use of the FTA, especially among producers of differentiated goods.
Party does not matter: Unified government and midterm elections
Authors: Holt Jacob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article seeks to understand the effect unified government has on seat loss in midterm elections.MethodsUsing data from the 1950 to 2018 midterm elections, I use Ordinary Least Squares regression models to determine the effect of unified government on seat loss.ResultsI find that unified government increases the number of seats a president's party loses during a midterm election. In addition, unified government reduces the number of seats saved by presidential approval and increases surge and decline effects.ConclusionUnified government explains why Democrats have traditionally performed worse during midterm elections. The results also indicate that rather than a surge and decline, midterm elections are a counter‐surge to the surge in support the president's party receives in the previous presidential election.