bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic evaluation of verubecestat on disease‐ and symptom‐modifying effects in 5XFAD mice
Authors: Oblak Adrian L. , Cope Zackary A. , Quinney Sara K. , Pandey Ravi S. , Biesdorf Carla , Masters Andi R. , Onos Kristen D. , Haynes Leslie , Keezer Kelly J. , Meyer Jill A. , Peters Jonathan S. , Persohn Scott A. , Bedwell Amanda A. , Eldridge Kierra , Speedy Rachael , Little Gabriela , Williams Sean‐Paul , Noarbe Brenda , Obenaus Andre , Sasner Michael , Howell Gareth R. , Carter Gregory W. , Williams Harriet , Lamb Bruce T. , Territo Paul R. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Beta‐secretase (BACE) inhibitors have been proposed as potential therapeutic interventions; however, initiating treatment once disease has significantly progressed has failed to effectively stop or treat disease. Whether BACE inhibition may have efficacy when administered prophylactically in the early stages of AD has been under‐investigated. The present studies aimed to evaluate prophylactic treatment of the BACE inhibitor verubecestat in an AD mouse model using the National Institute on Aging (NIA) resources of the Model Organism Development for Late‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease (MODEL‐AD) Preclinical Testing Core (PTC) Drug Screening Pipeline.Methods5XFAD mice were administered verubecestat ad libitum in chow from 3 to 6 months of age, prior to the onset of significant disease pathology. Following treatment (6 months of age), in vivo imaging was conducted with 18F‐florbetapir (AV‐45/Amyvid) (18F‐AV45) and 18‐FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose)–PET (positron emission tomography)/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), brain and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) were measured, and the clinical and behavioral characteristics of the mice were assessed and correlated with the pharmacokinetic data.ResultsProphylactic verubecestat treatment resulted in dose‐ and region‐dependent attenuations of 18F‐AV45 uptake in male and female 5XFAD mice. Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were also dose‐dependently attenuated with treatment. Across the dose range evaluated, side effects including coat color changes and motor alterations were reported, in the absence of cognitive improvement or changes in 18F‐FDG uptake.DiscussionProphylactic treatment with verubecestat resulted in attenuated amyloid plaque deposition when treatment was initiated prior to significant pathology in 5XFAD mice. At the same dose range effective at attenuating Aβ levels, verubecestat produced side effects in the absence of improvements in cognitive function. Taken together these data demonstrate the rigorous translational approaches of the MODEL‐AD PTC for interrogating potential therapeutics and provide insight into the limitations of verubecestat as a prophylactic intervention for early‐stage AD.
Mechanical and interfacial characterisation of leading‐edge protection materials for wind turbine blade applications
Authors: Katsivalis Ioannis , Chanteli Angeliki , Finnegan William , Young Trevor M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModern wind turbine blades experience tip speeds that can exceed 110 m/s. At such speeds, water droplet impacts can cause erosion of the leading edge, which can have a detrimental effect on the performance of the wind turbine blade. More specifically, rain erosion is leading to both reduced efficiency and increased repair costs. The industry is using polymeric coatings—leading‐edge protection (LEP) materials—to protect the blades but those are also prone to rain erosion. In this work, LEP materials that are currently used by the industry for the protection of wind turbine blades were selected and their performance assessed. The LEP materials were characterised in terms of mechanical properties by using different experimental methods, and they were also assessed in terms of durability by performing rain erosion testing (RET). Finally, the damage and failure mechanisms observed were further investigated using CT scanning. This paper provides an insight to the properties of LEP materials, their durability, and the damage and failure mechanisms they experienced during rain erosion.
Year‐long wastewater monitoring for SARS‐CoV‐2 signals in combined and separate sanitary sewers
Authors: Fahrenfeld Nicole L. , Morales Medina William R. , D'Elia Stephanie , Deshpande Aishwarya S. , Ehasz Genevieve 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 wastewater‐based epidemiology has been performed in catchments of various sizes and sewer types with many short‐term studies available and multi‐seasonal studies emerging. The objective of this study was to compare weekly observations of SARS‐CoV‐2 genes in municipal wastewater across multiple seasons for different systems as a factor of sewer type (combined, separate sanitary) and system size. Sampling occurred following the first wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 cases in the study region (June 2020) and continued through the third wave (May 2021), the period during which clinical testing was widely available and different variants dominated clinical cases. The strongest correlations were observed between wastewater N1 concentrations and the cumulative clinical cases reported in the 2 weeks prior to wastewater sampling, followed by the week prior, new cases, and the week after wastewater sampling. Sewer type and size did not necessarily explain the strength of the correlations, indicating that other non‐sewer factors may be impacting the observations. In‐system sampling results for the largest system sampled are presented for 1 month. Removing wet weather days from the data sets improved even the flow‐normalized correlations for the systems, potentially indicating that interpreting results during wet weather events may be more complicated than simply accounting for dilution.Practitioner Points

SARS‐CoV‐2 in wastewater correlated best with total clinical cases reported in 2 weeks before wastewater sampling at the utility level.
Study performed when clinical testing was widespread during the year after the first COVID‐19 wave in the region.
Sewer type and size did not necessarily explain correlation strength between clinical cases and wastewater‐based epidemiology results.
Removing wet weather days improved correlations for 3/4 utilities studied, including both separate sanitary and combined sewers.
White rot fungus mediated removal of mercury from wastewater
Authors: Sharma Kalu Ram , Naruka Anjali , Raja Manokaran , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeavy metal contamination creates numerous problems in environment and considered as big challenge for the society. Mercury (Hg) may exert several harmful effects on human heath including nervous system, digestive system, and immune system, along with damage in lungs and kidneys, which might be fatal. In this study, the removal of Hg from the wastewater by using a whiter rot fungus Phlebia floridensis was evaluated in a batch culture system for 7 days. The fungus was also evaluated for the tolerance level of Hg and the morphological changes were studied by SEM–EDX. The fungus could tolerate up to 100 μM of Hg concentration. Scanning electron microscopic images showed changes in the morphology and fine structures of the fungal hyphae. Atomic absorption spectroscopic analyses of the treated water sample revealed that the fungus could remove 70%–84% of Hg depending upon the initial concentration. The pH fluctuation was recorded from 5.8 to 6.8 during the experimental conditions at temperature 28°C ± 2°C. Thus, the study explores the use of this fungus for the application in metal containing wastewater treatment.Practitioner Points

Hg contaminated water can be treated by using white rot fungus, Phlebia floridensis.
The fungus may accumulate mercury inside as well as on the surface of fungal mycelial biomass.
Change in hyphal morphology was observed in the presence of lower concentration of the metal.
A Complex Relationship: Large-Scale Land Acquisitions and Land Tenure Security
Authors: Nolte Kerstin , Nkonde Chewe , Samboko Paul , Herrmann Raoul , Holzapfel Sarah , Machina Henry , Subakanya Mitelo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter highlights the increase in large-scale land acquisitions across the globe and how it is intertwined with land tenure security. Land tenure security, or the lack thereof, plays a key role in the locational choice of investors. Land tenure security may mitigate the outcomes but is also affected by the acquisition of land. These effects are reflected in de facto displacements, the perception of weakened land tenure security, and changes in the land governance system. We shed light on these relationships between land acquisitions and land tenure security by first providing a global overview, and then delving deeper into the Zambian context. We find that for land acquisitions to be implemented economically, socially, and in an environmentally sustainable manner, strong land tenure security is crucial.
Resilience at the Edge: Strategies of Small-Scale Societies for Long-Term Sustainable Living in Dryland Environments
Authors: Rosen Arlene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModern Western communities have much to learn from the ways in which small-scale societies have survived and even thrived while cycling through phases of profoundly shifting moist to dry environmental conditions. In doing so, these small communities display a resilience developed from thousands of years of being rooted in what Western Society considers ‘marginal’ environments. The most important of the solutions they developed are sustainably rooted in deep-time and identifiable in archaeological records. The ability to live sustainably in these kinds of challenging environments emerges from a profound and long-term reservoir of ‘Traditional Ecological Knowledge’ that includes a keen awareness of the interface between human needs and natural processes. Although these traditional solutions may not apply to massive complex systems that drive the survival of large cities as a whole, we can benefit a great deal from the study of these past societies to help generate ideas for smaller segments and sub-systems of larger cities, such as neighborhood collectives, urban gardening, water conservation methods, and others that will lead us towards a more sustainable existence on our planet through the use ground-up solutions.
Resilience of Coupled Socio-Ecological Systems: Historic Rice Fields of the U.S. South
Authors: Fields-Black Edda L. , Hanks R. Daniel , Folk Travis F. , Baldwin Rob , Wiggers Ernie P. , Agha Andrew , Richter Daniel D. , Coen Richard H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile resilience is defined differentially by social scientists and ecologists, sustainability is possible where resilient social and ecological systems meet and interact, and sustainable resilient systems promote societal use of ecosystem services supporting contemporary societal needs without risk to future generations. Yet it is possible for seemingly appropriate and rational decisions from individuals, and society at large, to be counter to long-term sustainable solutions. Historic rice field cultivation in the wetlands of the Carolinas and Florida provides an example of various forms of resilience and sustainability within the theoretical framework of alternate stable states, whereby a resilient system can exist in more than one state and where stability is achieved when disruptive variables are not so disruptive as to generate tipping points from one state to another. This contribution examines the changing role and political as well as environmental impacts of rice agriculture in the region with particular emphasis on the contingent processes of environmental and cultural transformation that took place between the seventeenth and twenty-first centuries.
The Integration of Settlers into Existing Socio-Environmental Settings: Reclaiming the Greek Lands After the Late Medieval Crisis
Authors: Liakopoulos Georgios C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines to what extent two late medieval nomadic groups in the southern Balkans adopted the economic practices of the areas they moved into, in order to achieve agricultural sustainability. In the fourteenth century, these two groups, Turk yörüks and transhumant Albanians, migrated to Greece in order to invigorate depopulated areas and reclaim lands in Thessaly and the Peloponnese respectively. Almost three generations after their establishment, Ottoman taxation cadastres cast light on their agricultural and pastoral activities. Even though these groups followed different trajectories in their sedentarisation—more or less dictated by their ethnocultural peculiarities—they both focused over time on farming basic, life-sustaining crops, such as cereals, which were complimentary to the manifold market-oriented farming activities of the long-settled local Greeks.
Concluding Remarks: Interdisciplinarity and Public Policy
Authors: Haldon John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main lesson from our discussion and from the combined wisdom of the chapters in this volume is that both critical history and interdisciplinarity are the two essential and inseparable ingredients required to understand the nature of past human responses to environmental and climate challenges. The costs of resilience need to be considered more fully than hitherto, and future planning and policy must take these, and any structural social inequalities underlying unequal cost distribution, into account. The relationship between agency and structure is fundamental to understanding the causal associations behind the outcomes we see in our evidence. To contribute to the achievement of true ecological justice, which might be the only hope for our survival, historians need to challenge environmental and social-economic or cultural determinism while at the same time bearing in mind the realities and struggles of day-to-day lives and the beliefs that are integral to them.
Disjunctures of Practice and the Problems of Collapse
Authors: Jackson Rowan , Hartman Steven , Trump Benjamin , Crumley Carole , McGovern Thomas , Linkov Igor , Ogilvie AEJ 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter asks what insights long-term historical information from before the Great Acceleration and Anthropocene might offer to policy and practice in the twenty-first century. Conventional sustainability research usually focuses on shallower time horizons that could miss insightful environmental and social processes evolving over centuries to millennia. Although we push for increased engagement with historical researchers, parallels between pre-modern and contemporary environmental and societal challenges need to be treated with caution. So-called cases of societal collapse—often associated with environmental calamities—provide limited or at best flawed parallels with challenges faced today. The pitfalls of reductionism and determinism that often attend collapse discourse account for social agency and complexity in incomplete and unconvincing ways. Instead, we argue that historical evidence should serve as context to environmental problems faced today, as antecedents of the accelerated environmental change of later modernity rather than as direct analogies. Historical antecedents can be understood, to an extent, as previous experiments against which to test and improve theory or to structure possibilistic scenarios that help anticipate unexpected social and environmental challenges. In concluding, we suggest that researcher in historical sciences and the humanities require resources, space and incentives to explore sticky questions of uncertainty, risk, and vulnerability to environmental change together with global change researchers, policymakers, and environmental practitioners.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Fuchs Nike , Krause Gesche 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Digital Earth Project aims at a strong interdisciplinary collaboration of the various Earth science disciplines and data science, to foster digitalization and the application of data science methods. As this is a highly complex interdisciplinary endeavour that involves eight research centres and many scientists, a success evaluation was deployed after the first half of the project. A social science-oriented evaluation was conducted, in which a World Cafe and a survey were used to evaluate the success of the collaboration and opportunities for improvement. Results indicate a strong need among participating scientists to more clearly understand and advocate for the overarching goals, have more face-to-face interaction, optimize the use of existing research infrastructure, and develop a sound perspective for knowledge transfer and long-term continuation of the developed approaches. It was deduced that individuals shape the process and that digitization is more than just a technical matter, but depends heavily on individuals and the process of implementation.
SODALITE in Context
Authors: Tokmakov Kamil , Kumara Indika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter will look at the application and integration of the SODALITE toolkit across various platforms in the Cloud, Edge, and HPC domains, with a specific focus on OpenStack, AWS EC2, Kubernetes, and PBS Torque/Slurm. While Chap. 7 provides a deep dive into the operational environment of the individual use cases, this chapter will focus more on general application and deployment patterns of SODALITE alongside existing deployments, demonstrating ways in which SODALITE can be leveraged more generally by SODALITE users in these respective environments.
Rough Pseudodifferential Operators on Hardy Spaces for Fourier Integral Operators II
Authors: Rozendaal Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe obtain improved bounds for pseudodifferential operators with rough symbols on Hardy spaces for Fourier integral operators. The symbols $$a(x,\eta )$$

a
(
x
,
η
)

are elements of $$C^{r}_{*}S^{m}_{1,\delta }$$

C

∗

r

S

1
,
δ

m

classes that have limited regularity in the x variable. We show that the associated pseudodifferential operator a(x, D) maps between Sobolev spaces $${\mathcal {H}}^{s,p}_{FIO}({{\mathbb {R}}^{n}})$$

H

FIO

s
,
p

(

R

n

)

and $${\mathcal {H}}^{t,p}_{FIO}({{\mathbb {R}}^{n}})$$

H

FIO

t
,
p

(

R

n

)

over the Hardy space for Fourier integral operators $${\mathcal {H}}^{p}_{FIO}({{\mathbb {R}}^{n}})$$

H

FIO

p

(

R

n

)

. Our main result is that for all $$r>0$$

r
>
0

, $$m=0$$

m
=
0

and $$\delta =1/2$$

δ
=
1
/
2

, there exists an interval of p around 2 such that a(x, D) acts boundedly on $${\mathcal {H}}^{p}_{FIO}({{\mathbb {R}}^{n}})$$

H

FIO

p

(

R

n

)

.
WDVV equations: symbolic computations of Hamiltonian operators
Authors: Vašíček Jakub , Vitolo Raffaele 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe software for symbolic computations that we developed in order to find Hamiltonian operators for Witten–Dijkgraaf–Verlinde–Verlinde (WDVV) equations, and verify their compatibility. The computation involves nonlocal (integro-differential) operators, for which specific canonical forms and algorithms have been used.
Introducing a gatekeeping system for amyloid status assessment in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Doering E. , Hoenig M. C. , Bischof G. N. , Bohn K. P. , Ellingsen L. M. , van Eimeren T. , Drzezga A. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), enhanced cerebral amyloid-β plaque burden is a high-risk factor to develop dementia with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Not all patients have immediate access to the assessment of amyloid status (A-status) via gold standard methods. It may therefore be of interest to find suitable biomarkers to preselect patients benefitting most from additional workup of the A-status. In this study, we propose a machine learning–based gatekeeping system for the prediction of A-status on the grounds of pre-existing information on APOE-genotype 18F-FDG PET, age, and sex.

Methods
Three hundred and forty-two MCI patients were used to train different machine learning classifiers to predict A-status majority classes among APOE-ε4 non-carriers (APOE4-nc; majority class: amyloid negative (Aβ-)) and carriers (APOE4-c; majority class: amyloid positive (Aβ +)) from 18F-FDG-PET, age, and sex. Classifiers were tested on two different datasets. Finally, frequencies of progression to dementia were compared between gold standard and predicted A-status.

Results
Aβ- in APOE4-nc and Aβ + in APOE4-c were predicted with a precision of 87% and a recall of 79% and 51%, respectively. Predicted A-status and gold standard A-status were at least equally indicative of risk of progression to dementia.

Conclusion
We developed an algorithm allowing approximation of A-status in MCI with good reliability using APOE-genotype, 18F-FDG PET, age, and sex information. The algorithm could enable better estimation of individual risk for developing AD based on existing biomarker information, and support efficient selection of patients who would benefit most from further etiological clarification. Further potential utility in clinical routine and clinical trials is discussed.
On some hyperbolic equations of third order
Authors: Colombini Ferruccio , Gramchev Todor , Orrù Nicola , Taglialatela Giovanni 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe give sufficient conditions for the well posedness in $${\mathcal {C}}^\infty$$

C

∞

of the Cauchy problem for third-order equations with time-dependent coefficients.
Global marine biosecurity and ship lay-ups: intensifying effects of trade disruptions
Authors: Ruiz Gregory M. , Galil Bella S. , Davidson Ian C. , Donelan Sarah C. , Miller A. Whitman , Minton Mark S. , Muirhead Jim R. , Ojaveer Henn , Tamburri Mario N. , Carlton James T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent global trade disruptions, due to blockage of the Suez Canal and cascading effects of COVID-19, have altered the movement patterns of commercial ships and may increase worldwide invasions of marine non-indigenous species. Organisms settle on the hulls and underwater surfaces of vessels and can accumulate rapidly, especially when vessels remain stationary during lay-ups and delays. Once present, organisms can persist on vessels for long-periods (months to years), with the potential to release propagules and seed invasions as ships visit ports across the global transportation network. Shipborne propagules also may be released in increasing numbers during extended vessel residence times at port or anchor. Thus, the large scale of shipping disruptions, impacting thousands of vessels and geographic locations and still on-going for over two years, may elevate invasion rates in coastal ecosystems in the absence of policy and management efforts to prevent this outcome. Concerted international and national biosecurity actions, mobilizing existing frameworks and tools with due diligence, are urgently needed to address a critical gap and abate the associated invasion risks.