bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How well do analysts really understand asymmetric cost behaviour?
Authors: Wu Minzhi , Wilson Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrior literature suggests analysts have a very poor understanding of asymmetric cost behaviour (‘ACB’) and ‘converge to the average’ when incorporating this behaviour in forecasts. However, we show that the extent of bias arising from sticky costs is greater for firms (‘Defenders’) employing strategic approaches for which ACB is less commonly observed, and that ACB typically has no association with forecast errors for firms who typically demonstrate high degrees of cost stickiness (‘Prospectors’). Our findings are consistent with analysts having a meaningful understanding of ACB and cross‐sectional differences in the likelihood of its incidence.
Police governance in Canada: Variations and disparities among police services boards
Authors: Laming Erick , Valentine Grant 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolice governance is a contentious issue and one that is both complex and varied throughout Canada. Police services boards (PSBs) are municipal bodies that are responsible for the adequacy and effectiveness of local police agencies. These boards are widespread throughout Canada, but little academic research has covered PSBs. We examined police legislation in each province/territory in Canada and conducted a policy review of each jurisdiction’s PSBs to understand more about these entities and to identify issues, disparities, and variations concerning civilian governance of police in the country. We identified three components associated with PSBs found in the police legislation to illustrate similarities and differences of local police governing authorities throughout the country. Our research found that civilian governance of police within and throughout the provinces/territories varies considerably. We discuss the implications of this research and offer suggestions for future inquiry on the topic.
Recent progress of research on anti‐tumor agents using benzimidazole as the structure unit
Authors: Wu Kaiyue , Peng Xiaoyu , Chen Miaojia , Li Yang , Tang Guotao , Peng Junmei , Peng Yuanyuan , Cao Xuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the development of exploration for disease‐related proteins or receptors, more and more novel structural lead compounds are required to designed and synthesized. The benzimidazole is an effective structural unit in which the benzene ring is fused at the 4 and 5 positions of the imidazole ring and wildly used in drug design. Here, we introduce some recent progress of research for anti‐tumor agents which was target to various target proteins such as DNA topoisomerase, angiogenesis, serine/threonine protein kinase, and tyrosine protein kinase. These anti‐tumor agents are all introduced benzimidazole as the structure unit. Further docking study showed that the benzimidazole group was not only act as a skeleton to expand the structure of molecule but also as an excellent ligand unit to form hydrogen bond or π–π conjugation and hydrophobic interaction with target proteins or receptors. We expect that introducing benzimidazole in the chemical structure could be a reasonable and priority strategy in novel anti‐tumor agents' design.
Feature‐Adaptive and Hierarchical Subdivision Gradient Meshes
Authors: Zhou J. , Hettinga G.J. , Houwink S. , Kosinka J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGradient meshes, an advanced vector graphics primitive, are widely used by designers for creating scalable vector graphics. Traditional variants require a regular rectangular topology, which is a severe design restriction. The more advanced subdivision gradient mesh allows for an arbitrary manifold topology and is based on subdivision techniques to define the resulting colour surface. This also allows the artists to manipulate the geometry and colours at various levels of subdivision. Recent advances allow for the interpolation of both geometry and colour, local detail following edits at coarser subdivision levels and sharp colour transitions. A shortcoming of all existing methods is their dependence on global refinement, which makes them unsuitable for real‐time (commercial) design applications. We present a novel method that incorporates the idea of feature‐adaptive subdivision and uses approximating patches suitable for hardware tessellation with real‐time performance. Further novel features include multiple interaction mechanisms and self‐intersection prevention during interactive design/editing.
Ageing well with diabetes: A workshop to co‐design research recommendations for improving the diabetes care of older people
Authors: Wylie Thomas A. F. , Morris Anna , Robertson Elizabeth , Middleton Ann , Newbert Carolyn , Andersen Birthe , Maltese Giuseppe , Stocker Rachel , Weightman Andrew , Sinclair Alan , Bain Stephen C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify key research questions where answers could improve care for older people living with diabetes (PLWD), and provide detailed recommendations for researchers and research funders on how best to address them.MethodsA series of online research workshops were conducted, bringing together a range of PLWD and an acknowledged group of academic and clinical experts in their diabetes care to identify areas for future research. Throughout the pre‐workshop phase, during each workshop, and in manuscript preparation and editing, PLWD played an active and dynamic role in discussions as part of both an iterative and narrative process.ResultsThe following key questions in this field were identified, and research recommendations for each were developed:

How can we improve our understanding of the characteristics of older people living with diabetes (PLWD) and their outcomes, and can this deliver better person‐centred care?
How are services to care for older PLWD currently delivered, both for their diabetes and other conditions? How can we optimise and streamline the process and ensure everyone gets the best care, tailored to their individual needs?
What tools might be used to evaluate the level of understanding of diabetes in the older population amongst non‐specialist Healthcare Professionals (HCPs)?
How can virtual experts or centres most effectively provide access to specialist multi‐disciplinary team (MDT) expertise for older PLWD and the HCPs caring for them?
Is a combination of exercise and a nutrition‐dense, high protein diet effective in the prevention of the adverse effects of type 2 diabetes and deterioration in frailty, and how might this be delivered in a way which is acceptable to people with type 2 diabetes?
How might we best use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in older people and, for those who require support, how should the data be shared?
How can older PLWD be better empowered to manage their diabetes in their own home, particularly when living with additional long‐term conditions?
What are the benefits of models of peer support for older PLWD, both when living independently and when in care?
ConclusionsThis paper outlines recommendations supported by PLWD through which new research could improve their diabetes care and calls on the research community and funders to address them in future research programmes and strategies.
Identification of Melia azedarach and Eucalyptus camaldulensis as natural hosts and reservoirs of phytoplasmas in India
Authors: Mitra Surabhi , Ravi Manish , Rao Govind Pratap 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWitches' broom, leaf yellowing and little leaf symptoms were recorded on Melia azedarach in Pune district of Maharashtra and Dhanha, West Champaran district of Bihar. Little leaf and leaf yellowing symptoms also were recorded on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Bhiwani district of Haryana. Symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from roadside trees for DNA extraction and PCR assay with phytoplasma‐specific primer pairs of 16S rRNA and secA genes. Amplicons of ~1.25 kb and ~840 bp were consistently obtained from all symptomatic samples of both the tree species using the phytoplasma‐specific primer pairs. Pairwise sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and secA gene sequences and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the phytoplasma strains associated with M. azedarach belonged to 16SrI‐B and 16SrVI‐D subgroups and those associated with E. camaldulensis were from the 16SrII‐D subgroup. This is the first report of an association of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’‐related strain (16SrVI‐D subgroup) with M. azedarach globally and a ‘Ca. P. australasia’‐related strain with E. camaldulensis in India.
Person identity‐specific adaptation effects in the ventral occipito‐temporal cortex
Authors: Rostalski Sophie‐Marie , Robinson Jonathan Edward , Ambrus Géza Gergely , Johnston Patrick , Kovács Gyula 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentifying the faces of familiar persons requires the ability to assign several different images of a face to a common identity. Previous research showed that the occipito‐temporal cortex, including the fusiform and the occipital face areas, is sensitive to personal identity. Still, the viewpoint, facial expression and image‐independence of this information are currently under heavy debate. Here we adapted a rapid serial visual stimulation paradigm Johnston et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.10.002) and presented highly variable ambient‐face images of famous persons to measure functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation. fMRI adaptation is considered as the neuroimaging manifestation of repetition suppression, a neural phenomenon currently explained as a correlate of reduced predictive error responses for expected stimuli. We revisited the question of image‐invariant identity‐specific encoding mechanisms of the occipito‐temporal cortex, using fMRI adaptation with a particular interest in predictive mechanisms. Participants were presented with trials containing eight different images of a famous person, images of eight different famous persons or seven different images of a particular famous person followed by an identity change to violate potential expectation effects about person identity. We found an image‐independent adaptation effect of identity for famous faces in the fusiform face area. However, in contrast to previous electrophysiological studies, using similar paradigms, no release of the adaptation effect was observed when identity‐specific expectations were violated. Our results support recent multivariate pattern analysis studies, showing image‐independent identity encoding in the core face‐processing areas of the occipito‐temporal cortex. These results are discussed in the frame of recent identity‐processing models and predictive mechanisms.
Sex‐specific inbreeding depression: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vega‐Trejo Regina , de Boer Raïssa A. , Fitzpatrick John L. , Kotrschal Alexander 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInbreeding depression, the reduced fitness of the offspring of related individuals, can affect males and females differently. Although a comprehensive theoretical framework describing the causes of sex‐specific inbreeding depression is lacking, empirical evidence suggests that often one sex tends to be more vulnerable than the other. However, the generality, direction, and degree of sex‐specific difference in inbreeding depression remains enigmatic as studies on this topic have reported conflicting results. Here, we conduct a meta‐analysis to test for sex‐specific differences in the magnitude of inbreeding depression. We synthetised 321 effect sizes of experimental studies across 47 species and found a small difference in inbreeding depression between the sexes: females suffered slightly higher inbreeding depression than males. Furthermore, a higher inbreeding coefficient was correlated with higher inbreeding depression. However, there was a large amount of heterogeneity that remained unexplained, even when considering different factors that could affect inbreeding between the sexes, such as sexual size dimorphism, heterogamety, the type of trait measured and whether animals were tested in a stressful environment. As such, we highlight the need to further explore inbreeding depression across different species to determine the occurrence and causes of sex differences to increase our understanding of the evolutionary consequences of sex‐specific inbreeding depression.
Leading the self‐development cycle in volunteer organizations
Authors: Vieira da Cunha Joao , Antunes Anabela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLeaders of volunteers face challenges that are unique to the bond between volunteers and their organization. One of the most difficult challenges is the trade‐off between performance and retention. We use a qualitative study of maestros of amateur choirs to explain how leaders can overcome this trade‐off and improve volunteer performance while ensuring retention. We show that leaders can do so by enacting a virtuous cycle of self‐development where they enforce performance to make their organization an effective context for the self‐development of volunteers, thereby ensuring retention.
Effects of an asynchronous, fully web‐based parenting‐after‐divorce program to reduce interparental conflict, increase quality of parenting and reduce children's post‐divorce behavior problems
Authors: Wolchik Sharlene A. , Sandler Irwin N. , Winslow Emily B. , Porter Michele M. , Tein Jenn‐Yun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study is a randomized controlled trial of an asynchronous, fully web‐based program for divorced and separated parents, the electronic New Beginnings Program (eNBP). This program is an adaptation of a group, in‐person program for divorced parents, the New Beginnings Program (NBP), which has been shown in randomized trials to reduce a wide range of offspring problems and improve a wide range of competencies up to 15 years after participation. The 10‐module, 5‐h program uses evidence‐based, highly interactive strategies to teach skills designed to strengthen parenting after divorce and reduce interparental conflict. Participants were 131 parents (63% mothers) and 102 adolescent offspring. Parents were randomly assigned to the eNBP or a wait‐list control condition. Parents and their children completed pre‐ and post‐tests. Analyses showed that at post‐test, parents and children in the eNBP reported significantly higher parent–child relationship quality, more effective discipline, lower interparental conflict and lower child mental health problems than did those in the wait‐list control condition. These are the strongest findings in the literature on the effects of web‐based programs to reduce interparental conflict, strengthen positive parenting and reduce children's post‐divorce mental health problems. Given that parental divorce has significant individual and societal costs, widespread implementation of this program could have significant public health implications.
The purpose of a finance professor
Authors: Edmans Alex 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe academic finance profession has the potential to be uniquely purposeful due to four characteristics – the freedom to take risks and work on what we're passionate about, the loyalty to our profession rather than just our institution, the collaborative nature of the creation and dissemination of knowledge, and the magnitude of our potential impact. However, what the profession currently values, and its current social norms, are significant barriers to the fulfilment of this potential. This article highlights the special features of our profession that we often take for granted and ignore, and proposes ideas to make it not only more impactful and relevant but also more collegial and fun.
Parallel evolution of two distinct lymphoid proliferations in clonal haematopoiesis
Authors: Attygalle Ayoma D , Dobson Rachel , Chak Pui Kwan , Vroobel Katherine M , Wren Dorte , Mugalaasi Hood , Morgan Yvonne , Kaur Manmit , Ahmad Raida , Chen Zi , Naresh Kikkeri N , Du Ming‐Qing 
Published: January 2022

AimsAngioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is genetically characterized by TET2 and DNMT3A mutations occurring in haematopoietic progenitor cells, and late events (e.g. the RHOA‐G17V mutation) associated with malignant transformation. As TET2/DNMT3A‐mutated progenitor cells can differentiate into multilineage progenies and give rise to both AITL and myeloid neoplasms, they may also have the potential to lead to other metachronous/synchronous neoplasms. We report two cases showing parallel evolution of two distinct potentially neoplastic lymphoid proliferations from a common mutated haematopoietic progenitor cell population.Methods and resultsBoth cases presented with generalized lymphadenopathy. In case 1 (a 67‐year‐old female), an initial lymph node (LN) biopsy was dismissed as reactive, but a repeat biopsy showed a nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL)‐like proliferation with an increase in the number of T‐follicular helper (TFH) cells. Immunohistochemistry, and clonality and mutational analyses by targeted sequencing of both whole tissue sections and microdissected NMZL‐like lesions, demonstrated a clonal B‐cell proliferation that harboured the BRAF‐G469R mutation and shared TET2 and DNMT3A mutations with an underlying RHOA‐G17V‐mutant TFH proliferation. Review of the original LN biopsy showed histological and immunophenotypic features of AITL. In case 2 (a 66‐year‐old male), cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma with an increase in the number of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive large B cells was diagnosed on initial biopsy. On review together with the relapsed biopsy, we identified an additional occult neoplastic TFH proliferation/smouldering AITL. Both T‐cell proliferations shared TET2 and DNMT3A mutations while RHOA‐G17V was confined to the smouldering AITL.ConclusionsIn addition to demonstrating diagnostic challenges, these cases expand the potential of clonal haematopoiesis in the development of different lineage neoplastic proliferations.
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Paediatric Cancer Coping Scale (PCCS)
Authors: Kisecik Sengul Zeynep , Kilicarslan Toruner Ebru , Ozbek Namık Yasar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Paediatric Cancer Coping Scale, a scaling tool that has three subscales (cognitive coping, problem‐oriented coping and defensive coping) and was developed to examine the coping strategies of children with a cancer diagnosis.DesignThis psychometric evaluation study focused on validity and reliability assessment of a scale between November 2018 and May 2019.MethodsStudy sample consisted of 165 children with cancer aged 7‐ to 18‐years followed up in the outpatient clinics of a children's hospital. The retest sample consisted of 85 children. Data were collected using a Descriptive Characteristics Form and the Turkish version of the Paediatric Cancer Coping Scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and total item correlation were calculated for internal consistency reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine construct validity.ResultsThe total Cronbach's alpha (α) of the Turkish version of the Paediatric Cancer Coping Scale was 0.77. According to exploratory factor analysis, the Paediatric Cancer Coping Scale has three subscales (cognitive coping, problem‐oriented coping and defensive coping). Our results showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between the scale total, cognitive coping and problem‐oriented coping scores (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe Turkish version of the Paediatric Cancer Coping Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to assess coping styles in paediatric cancer patients.Summary statementWhat is already known about this topic?

There is no measurement tool in Turkey to examine coping skills of children with a cancer diagnosis.
The number of children diagnosed with cancer is increasing day by day.
The children who use coping methods effectively during the disease may be better adapted to treatment.
What this paper adds?

This study is used to define coping skills of children diagnosed with cancer.
Defining the level of children's coping with cancer can enable the child to be guided to receive psychosocial support.
The implications of this paper

Once the coping skills/levels of children can be measured, those who need help/assistance can be helped.
This study will help nurses to identify coping levels of children with a cancer diagnosis.
Nurses will be able to evaluate the psychosocial status of children using an objective measurement tool and make a care plan.
The major component of cinnamon oil as a natural substitute against Fusarium solani on Astragalus membranaceus
Authors: Wang Jianglai , Zhang Jinfeng , Ma Jinxiu , Liu Lu , Li Jiajia , Shen Tong , Tian Yongqiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Root rot caused by Fusarium solani is an important disease seriously affecting the yield and quality of Astragalus membranaceus. Therefore, this study was performed to elucidate the antifungal activities and mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde treatment against F. solani and its control effect for A. membranaceus root rot.

Methods and Results
Cinnamaldehyde significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. solani in dose-dependent, and the median effective concentration was 178.68 μl l−1. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy, propidium iodide staining, cell leakage experiments and ergosterol quantitation illuminated that cinnamaldehyde could alter the mycelial morphology, damage the plasma membrane and hinder the biosynthesis of ergosterol. Besides, cinnamaldehyde induced the generation of reactive oxygen species by synergistically upregulating the genes encoded subunits for NADPH oxidase. The disease suppression efficacy of 600 μl l−1 cinnamaldehyde against A. membranaceus root rot was 92.98 ± 6.08% (p &lt; 0.05) under greenhouse conditions.

Conclusions
This study proved that cinnamaldehyde could markedly inhibit the growth of F. solani in vitro and effectively suppress the occurrence of A. membranaceus root rot, perhaps by inducing oxidative damage, which results in the distortion of F. solani, and the destruction of cell membrane integrity and permeability.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study first explores the antifungal mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde against F. solani in vivo and vitro, thereby providing a promising candidate for disease biocontrol.
Prognosis of adrenalectomy guided by computed tomography versus adrenal vein sampling in patients with primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yan Yi , Sun Hui‐Wen , Qi Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) is recommended to be the gold standard for patients with unilateral subtypes of primary aldosteronism to clinical diagnosis and surgery therapy. However, it is uncertain whether AVS is better for prognosis than computed tomography (CT), which is the most widely used. Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles with no start date restriction. The last search was conducted on Jun 15, 2021. Eligible studies compared the distinct subtypes of primary aldosteronism by AVS with CT (as a control group) and reported the prognosis at follow‐up. Evaluation of cohort studies referred to Newcastle ‐ Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, and randomized controlled trials referred to Updated Cochrane Collaboration tool. A random‐effect model or fixed‐effect model was chosen according to the heterogeneity test. All processes were performed following the PRISMA 2020 statement. Eleven studies were identified, including 1325 patients based on AVS and 907 patients based on CT. Compared with patients guided by CT, patients who underwent AVS had an increased possibility of complete biochemical success (odds ratio [OR] 2.78, 95% CI 1.88–4.12) and a decreased chance of absent biochemical success (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.13–0.40) at follow‐up. Nevertheless, the rate of complete clinical success (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.89–1.35) and absent clinical success (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.68–1.33) had no significant difference. Therefore, distinguishing subtypes by AVS for early treatment may be crucial since it can promote biochemical improvement.