bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greater prefrontal activation during sitting toe tapping predicts severer freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: an fNIRS study
Authors: Pu Lanlan , Liu Tao , Tang William C , Song Chunli , Jin Mingyan , Ren Lu , Li Tao , Liang Zhanhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have revealed that, compared with Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients without freezing of gait (FoG), the ones with FoG showed greater prefrontal activation while doing lower-limb movements involving standing, walking and turning, which require both locomotor and balance control. However, the relation between FoG and pure locomotor control as well as its underlying mechanism remain unclear.MethodsA total of 56 PD subjects were recruited and allocated to PD-FoG and PD-noFoG subgroups, and 34 age-matched heathy adults were included as heathy control (HC). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure their prefrontal activation in a sitting lower-limb movement task, wherein subjects were asked to sit and tap their right toes as big and as fast as possible.ResultsResult of one-way ANOVA (Group: PD-FoG vs. PD-noFoG vs. HC) revealed greater activation in the right prefrontal cortex in the PD-FoG group than in the other 2 groups. Linear mixed-effects model showed consistent result. Furthermore, the right prefrontal activation positively correlated with the severity of FoG symptoms in PD-FoG patients.ConclusionThese findings suggested that PD patients with FoG require additional cognitive resources to compensate their damaged automaticity in locomotor control, which is more pronounced in severe FoG patients than milder ones.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Adaptive Immunity in Nursing Home Residents Following a Third Dose of the Comirnaty Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine
Authors: Giménez Estela , Albert Eliseo , Zulaica Joao , Torres Ignacio , Rusu Luciana , Moreno Alicia Rodríguez , Burgos Javier S , Peiró Salvador , Salas Dolores , Vanaclocha Hermelinda , Limón Ramón , Alcaraz María Jesús , Sánchez-Payá José , Díez-Domingo Javier , Comas Iñaki , Gonzáles-Candelas Fernando , Geller Ron , Navarro David ,   Valencian Vaccine Research Program (ProVaVac) Study Group, Burgos J S , Meneu de Guillerna R , Vanaclocha Luna H , Burks D J , Cervantes A , Comas I , Díez-Domingo J , Peiro S , González-Candelas F , Ferrer Albiach C , Hernández-Aguado I , Oliver Ramírez N , Sánchez-Payá J , Vento Torres M , Zapater Latorre E , Navarro D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A third Comirnaty vaccine dose increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor-binding domain antibody levels (median, 93-fold) and neutralizing antibody titers against Wuhan-Hu-1 (median, 57-fold), Beta (me 22-fold), Delta, (median, 43-fold), and Omicron (median, 8-fold) variants, but had less impact on S-reactive T-cell immunity in nursing home residents.
A Comparison of Pollen and Syrup Exposure Routes in Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Microcolonies: Implications for Pesticide Risk Assessment
Authors: Weitekamp Chelsea A , Koethe Robert W , Lehmann David M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bumble bees are important pollinators for both native plants and managed agricultural systems. Accumulating evidence has shown that pesticides, including neonicotinoids, can have a range of adverse effects on bumble bee health. Most laboratory studies that assess the effects of chronic neonicotinoid exposure on bumble bees use syrup as the delivery vehicle, rather than pollen. However, in the field, it is likely that bumble bees are exposed to neonicotinoids in both nectar (syrup) and pollen. To examine the potential for different effects based on the vehicle, we compared two studies of chronic exposure to the neonicotinoid acetamiprid in Bombus impatiens microcolonies. We examined correlations between microcolony endpoints and identified associations between the timing of colony pollen and syrup consumption and drone production. Furthermore, in line with previous results, we found that average drone weight was affected at a range of doses only when microcolonies were exposed to acetamiprid via pollen. In general, our analyses point to the importance of the treatment vehicle and suggest that critical effects on developing brood could be missed when neonicotinoid exposure occurs only through syrup.
Mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of mutators during experimental evolution
Authors: Amicone Massimo , Borges Vítor , Alves Maria João , Isidro Joana , Zé-Zé Líbia , Duarte Sílvia , Vieira Luís , Guiomar Raquel , Gomes João Paulo , Gordo Isabel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesTo understand how organisms evolve, it is fundamental to study how mutations emerge and establish. Here, we estimated the rate of mutation accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and investigated the repeatability of its evolution when facing a new cell type but no immune or drug pressures.MethodologyWe performed experimental evolution with two strains of SARS-CoV-2, one carrying the originally described spike protein (CoV-2-D) and another carrying the D614G mutation that has spread worldwide (CoV-2-G). After 15 passages in Vero cells and whole genome sequencing, we characterized the spectrum and rate of the emerging mutations and looked for evidences of selection across the genomes of both strains.ResultsFrom the frequencies of the mutations accumulated, and excluding the genes with signals of selection, we estimate a spontaneous mutation rate of 1.3 × 10−6 ± 0.2 × 10−6 per-base per-infection cycle (mean across both lineages of SARS-CoV-2 ± 2SEM). We further show that mutation accumulation is larger in the CoV-2-D lineage and heterogeneous along the genome, consistent with the action of positive selection on the spike protein, which accumulated five times more mutations than the corresponding genomic average. We also observe the emergence of mutators in the CoV-2-G background, likely linked to mutations in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and/or in the error-correcting exonuclease protein.Conclusions and implicationsThese results provide valuable information on how spontaneous mutations emerge in SARS-CoV-2 and on how selection can shape its genome toward adaptation to new environments.Lay Summary: Each time a virus replicates inside a cell, errors (mutations) occur. Here, via laboratory propagation in cells originally isolated from the kidney epithelium of African green monkeys, we estimated the rate at which the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutates—an important parameter for understanding how it can evolve within and across humans. We also confirm the potential of its Spike protein to adapt to a new environment and report the emergence of mutators—viral populations where mutations occur at a significantly faster rate.
Validation of a multipolar pulsed-field ablation catheter for endpoint assessment in pulmonary vein isolation procedures
Authors: Kueffer Thomas , Baldinger Samuel H , Servatius Helge , Madaffari Antonio , Seiler Jens , Mühl Aline , Franzeck Florian , Thalmann Gregor , Asatryan Babken , Haeberlin Andreas , Noti Fabian , Tanner Hildegard , Roten Laurent , Reichlin Tobias 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
To validate the performance of a multipolar pulsed-field ablation (PFA) catheter compared to a standard pentaspline 3D-mapping catheter for endpoint assessment of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). PFA for PVI using single-shot devices combines the benefits of high procedural efficacy and safety. A newly available multipolar PFA catheter allows real-time recording of pulmonary vein (PV) signals during PVI.

Methods and results
Patients undergoing first PVI using PFA with the standard ablation protocol (eight applications per PV) were studied. Entrance and exit block (10 V/2 ms) were assessed using the PFA catheter. Subsequently, a high-density 3D electroanatomical bipolar voltage map (3D-EAM) was constructed using a standard pentaspline 3D-mapping catheter. Additional PFA applications were delivered only after confirmation of residual PV connection by 3D-EAM. In 56 patients, 213 PVs were targeted for ablation. Acute PVI was achieved in 100% of PVs: in 199/213 (93%) PVs with the standard ablation protocol alone and in the remaining 14 PVs after additional PFA applications. The accuracy of PV assessment with the PFA catheter after the standard ablation protocol was 91% (194/213 veins). In 5/213 (2.3%) PVs, the PFA catheter incorrectly indicated PV-isolation. In 14/213 (6.6%), the PFA catheter incorrectly indicated residual PV-conduction due to high-output pace-capture. Lowering the output to 5 V/1 ms reduced this observation to 0.9% (2/213) and increased the overall accuracy to 97% (206/213).

Conclusion
A novel multipolar PFA catheter allows reliable endpoint assessment for PVI. Due to its design, far-field sensing and high-output pace-capture can occur. Lowering the pacing output increases the accuracy from 91 to 97%.
Cultivation of ammonia-oxidising archaea on solid medium
Authors: Klein Timothy , Poghosyan Lianna , Barclay J Elaine , Murrell J Colin , Hutchings Matthew I , Lehtovirta-Morley Laura E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) are environmentally important microorganisms involved in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen. Routine cultivation of AOA is exclusively performed in liquid cultures and reports on their growth on solid medium are scarce. The ability to grow AOA on solid medium would be beneficial for not only the purification of enrichment cultures but also for developing genetic tools. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable method for growing individual colonies from AOA cultures on solid medium. Three phylogenetically distinct AOA strains were tested: ‘Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus C13’, Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 and ‘Candidatus Nitrosotalea sinensis Nd2’. Of the gelling agents tested, agar and Bacto-agar severely inhibited growth of all three strains. In contrast, both ‘Ca. N. franklandus C13’ and N. viennensis EN76 tolerated Phytagel™ while the acidophilic ‘Ca. N. sinensis Nd2’ was completely inhibited. Based on these observations, we developed a Liquid-Solid (LS) method that involves immobilising cells in Phytagel™ and overlaying with liquid medium. This approach resulted in the development of visible distinct colonies from ‘Ca. N. franklandus C13’ and N. viennensis EN76 cultures and lays the groundwork for the genetic manipulation of this group of microorganisms.
Glutathione S-transferase: a candidate gene for berry color in muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia)
Authors: Varanasi Aruna , Worthington Margaret , Nelson Lacy , Brown Autumn , Chizk Thomas Mason , Threlfall Renee , Howard Luke , Conner Patrick , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , Massonnet Mélanie , Cantu Dario , Clark John R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMuscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) are a specialty crop cultivated in the southern United States. Muscadines (2n = 40) belong to the Muscadinia subgenus of Vitis, while other cultivated grape species belong to the subgenus Euvitis (2n = 38). The muscadine berry color locus was mapped to a 0.8 Mbp region syntenic with chromosome 4 of Vitis vinifera. In this study, we identified glutathione S-transferase4 as a likely candidate gene for anthocyanin transport within the berry color locus. PCR and Kompetitive allele-specific PCR genotyping identified a single intragenic SNP (C/T) marker corresponding to a proline to leucine mutation within the muscadine glutathione S-transferase4 (VrGST4) that differentiated black (CC and CT) from bronze (TT) muscadines in 126 breeding selections, 76 cultivars, and 359 progeny from 3 mapping populations. Anthocyanin profiling on a subset of the progeny indicated a dominant VrGST4 action. VrGST4 was expressed in skins of both black and bronze muscadines at similar levels. While nonsynonymous polymorphisms between black and bronze muscadines were discovered in VrGSTF12, another Type I GST-coding gene in the muscadine color locus, this gene was ruled out as a possible candidate for berry color because RNA sequencing indicated it is not expressed in berry skins at véraison from black or bronze genotypes. These results suggest that the bronze phenotype in muscadines is regulated by a mechanism distinct from the MybA gene cluster responsible for berry color variation in Vitis vinifera.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1974
Authors: Asquith Dean , Hull Larry A. , Travis James W. , Mowery P. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 York Imperial. Treated single-trees were separated by others not sprayed with acaricides. Experi-mental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Spray dates for the test acaricides were: July 1, July 9 (4 lb NC 13292 25W dropped), and August 13. Effectiveness of the test acaricides on the European red mite was assessed by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80/treatment. Counts of the European red mite are presented as the average number of mites per leaf. Counts of the twospotted spider mite, A.fallacis and Z.mali are presented as the number of mites per 100 leaves to make differences between treatments more apparent. Average temperatures were: May 59.16° F, June 65.62° F, July 72.87° F, August 72.24° F and September 63.23° F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 3.31, June 5.05, July 1.56, August 2.73, and September 4.88. General sprays involving captan, Polyram, Guthion and Sevin were applied as 6X concentrates with an airblast sprayer to the whole experimental block at ca. two-week intervals.
Sod,

P

.

Unipuncta

Control; West Lafayette, Indiana, 1975
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 21 insecticidal treatments were applied to a blue grass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette on June 9 and 10. At that time adult moths were flying and egg deposition had begun. Plots were 7 ft x 14 ft and the experiment was replicated five times. At the time of application there was a slight breeze from the North. Sprays were applied with boom mounted on bicycle wheel type frame. The sprays were applied at 30 psi. Pressure supplied by a CO2 cylinder. Granules were applied with 7 ft wide John Deere granular applicator. A one inch rainfall occurred 48 hours after the first application. Counts of the number larvae per plot were made on 1/2 of each plot on July 3, August 15 and September 6. A mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” was applied with a sprinkling can and the number of larvae that emerged from the plots were counted.
Turf,

C

.

Trisectus

Control, W. Lafayette, Indiana, 1975
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 21 insecticidal treatments were applied to a blue grass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette on June 9 and 10. At that time adult moths were flying and egg deposition had begun. Plots were 7 ft x 14 ft and the experiment was replicated five times. At the time of application there was a slight breeze from the North. Sprays were applied with boom mounted on bicycle wheel type frame. The sprays were applied at 30 psi. Pressure supplied by a CO2 cylinder. Granules were applied with 7 ft wide John Deere granular applicator. A one inch rainfall occurred 48 hours after the first application. Counts of the number larvae per plot were made on 1/2 of each plot on July 3, August 15 and September 6. A mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” was applied with a sprinkling can and the number of larvae that emerged from the plots were counted.
Scots Pine,

P

.

Cembrae

Control, Washington, 1973
Authors: Lee R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested trees in a commercial Christmas tree plantation near Oak Harbor, Washington, were so badly damaged that the grower had cut and burned several hundred. Treatments were applied at bud break Apr 23, when new shoots were 3-20 cm long May 14, or at both times. Four single-tree replicates of each treatment were arranged in randomized complete block design. Each tree was 4-5 ft (1.2-1.5m) tall and heavily infested. Applications were full coverage sprays at 2 rates via hand pumped compressed air sprayer. Effectiveness was determined on May 29 by counting the number of live adelgids per cm on 3 current-year twigs per replicate.
Mouse-

Cuterebra

Animal Systemic Insecticide Test
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White mice are infested ocularly with 5 newly hatched larvae of Cuterebrafontinella. Two days later, female mice are weighed and treated orally (mg/kg basis) with candidate insecticides formulated in Tween 20; male mice have a plastic collar placed around their necks (to prevent grooming) and are dipped (body only) into 100-200 ml of an emulsion of the candidate insecticide usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and Al (25 parts). Highest dosages are 100 mg/kg and 1%. Four days later, mice are killed and bodies examined carefully for encapsulated larvae (usually in inguinal region). Effectiveness is determined by comparing numbers of larvae in treated mice with numbers in untreated mice. Probit analysis is conducted with corrected percent kill data. Details of the test have been presented by Gingrich, R. E., etal., 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(3): 742-5, and Drummond, R. O., and R. E. Gingrich, 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(4): 1211-2.
House Fly,

Musca

Domestica

L.: Insect Growth Regulator, Dimilin, 1976
Authors: Wright James E. , Smalley H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dimilin was incorporated in the feed at levels of 0, 2.5, 25, and 250 ppm based on dry weight and fed ad libitum to growing baby chickens from 0 to 56 days. The manure was removed weekly and 3 samples (200 grams each) were placed on top of vermiculite within quart paper containers, and 100 house fly eggs were placed in each sample. After 25 days, the number of adults that emerged was counted to determine the efficacy of Dimilin.
Little House Fly,

Fannia

Canicularis

(L.); Insect Growth Regulators, 1976
Authors: Harris R. L. , Wright J. E. , Schwarz M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The chemicals were incorporated within the larval diet (35 parts bagasse, 8 parts whole wheat flour, 8 parts fish meal, 4 parts urea, and 1 part sodium bicarbonate) at levels of 100, 10 and 1 ppm based on dry weight. The chemicals were dissovled in 1 ml acetone and added to the 75 ml of water before the liquid was mixed into 25 g of dry matter in a 250-ml beaker. Each beaker of medium was seeded with 50 eggs, covered with muslin, and held at 27°C. Adults were allowed to emerge in the beakers, and the number was then recorded. The data are based on 1 replication.
Apple, Test of Acaricides, 1975
Authors: Asquith Dean , Hall Larry A. , Travis James W. , Mowery Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 Red Delicious, buth spur-type trees. Experimental sprays were applied with a spray gun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump. Spray dates for test acaricides were: June 3 for all treatments except S-15126, the 3 dosages of which were applied on June 10; the second spray of all treatments was applied on July 10. General purpose sprays of 0.75 lb captan 80W, 0.25 lb Guthion 50W, and 0.5 lb Sevin 50W/100 gallons dilute were applied at ca. intervals of two weeks throughout the summer. Average temperatures were: May 61.08° F, June 68.98° F, July 72.97° F, August 73.89° F and September 61.13° F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 4.05, June 7.60, July 3.12, August 2.01 and September 13.84. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite, twospotted spider mite and A.fallacis was evaluated by making several counts of mites on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, 1975
Authors: Weires R. W. , Smith G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were evaluated for control of several pest species in an eleven-year-old planting on semidwarf rootstocks. Eight tree plots containing from five to seven different apple cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments were applied by handgun at 450 psi on May 9 (pink), May 22 and 23 (petal fall), June 10, and 23, July 8, and 22, and August 11. Fungicides were applied by airblast sprayer over the entire block for disease control and included Difolatan 4F,5 qt/100 gal on April 17, and Captan 80W 10 oz/100 gal on May 23 and June 9. The Mcintosh and Cortland cultivars were thinned with 10 ppm NAA on June 3. Temperatures during the season were above normal for the month of May, re suiting in a very short bloom period. Rainfall was above normal for the months of July (9.83 inches) and September (6.68 inches). Early leafroller injury resulted from redbanded leafroller, obliquebanded leafroller, and fruittree leafroller larval feeding. Late leafroller injury resulted from variegated leafroller and second generation redbanded leafroller larval feeding. Internal lepidopterous feeders included two broods of oriental fruit moth and codling moth, and a late season brood of lesser appleworm.
Cranberry

A.

Vaccinii

and

R.

Naevana

Control, 1975
Authors: Thieleke James , Koval C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small plots (5 ft x 10 ft) were marked off along the edge of a five-year-old planting in western Wood county, Wisconsin. The area was heavily infested with fruitworm and fireworm in previous seasons. Foliar spray treatments were applied on July 3, 1975, several days after the planting had reached peak bloom and repeated on July 10, 17, 24 and August 1. Products tested were diluted on the basis of 300 gallons of water per acre and applied with a one gallon knapsack sprayer. On August 12, 1975, the number of fruitworm damaged berries was counted in each plot. On the same date the plots were rated for fireworm damage. In each of the 3 plots per treatment 3 readings were made to determine the percentage of uprights damaged per square foot. Damage ratings (0-5) were assigned to express the effectiveness of each treatment. A rating of 0 indicates no foliar feeding while a rating of 5 signifies extensive fireworm damage. Pest populations were sufficient to cause economic injury in the untreated plots.
Control Foliar form Grape Phylloxera in Ohio, 1975
Authors: Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were evaluated for control of grape phylloxera at Wooster, Ohio. Plots consisted of 3 Clinton vines with eight feet spacing in rows and nine feet separating rows, with 4 replications in randomized blocks. Insecticides were sprayed on the foliage at the rate of 2 gal per treatment (90 gal per acre) using a Hudson 6209, 2 gal. Favorite sprayer at 40 psi with the exception of Temik which was applied to soil in granular form. Temik granules were applied 1.5 feet on each side of the vineyard row. The granules were distributed uniformly in the bottom of a 1.5 inch furrow along the sides of each replicate and covered with soil as soon as applied. Soil was moist at time of application. All insecticides were applied on June 18, 1975 when grapes were the size of BB’s. A second application was made with all compounds except PP 557 and Temik on June 30, 1975 when berries were ca. 9 mm in diameter. In sampling, 10 shoots were chosen at random from the center of each plot, half from each side of the row. The number of galls was recorded on the 10 apical leaves of each of these shoots. Two fungicide applications were made to entire experimental area: (1) May 22, 1975; 8 oz of Captan 50W plus 4 oz Benlate 50WP per 50 gal water: and (2) June 23, 1975; 1.5 lb Captan 50W plus 8 oz Benlate 50WP per 50 gal water.