bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pearling and the Language of Freedom
Authors: Morse Robyn 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As international anti-slavery pressure on the British increased in the early twentieth century, officials in the Persian Gulf began to manumit a growing number of enslaved persons. Enslaved pearl divers needed to physically approach the British in order to start their manumission application. In this process, their memories and history would be typically condensed into a one-page document. I argue that not just imperial archival methods influenced these statements, but the memory of British imperial experience with slavery influenced the ways in which they approached, understood, and targeted slavery in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. The manufactured English-language applications in the archive corresponded with British conceptions of slavery, but the interpretations of slavery placed on Persian Gulf communities didn’t conform to local understandings of the institution. I demonstrate the process of translation, in which local realities of enslavement were transformed into British understandings of freedom.
Low prevalence of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium infections in a cohort of pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Ngobese Bongekile , Swe Swe-Han Khine , Tinarwo Partson , Abbai Nathlee S 
Published: October 2022

Objective Macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium ( M. genitalium) is increasing as a result of the widespread use of azithromycin in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To date, there are few published studies on macrolide resistance patterns in South African pregnant women. This study now contributes to the growing body of knowledge. Methods This study included 385 pregnant women living with HIV. Vaginal swabs were collected from consenting pregnant women and used for the detection of M. genitalium using the TaqMan assay . Macrolide resistance-associated mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were determined for all samples that tested positive for M. genitalium using the AllplexTM MG & AziR assay (Seegene) which allows for the simultaneous detection and identification of M. genitalium and six mutations ( A2058C, A2058G, A2058T, A2059C, A2059G and A2059T) responsible for azithromycin resistance. The correlation between the TaqMan assay and AllplexTM MG & AziR assay (Seegene) for the detection of M. genitalium was also performed in a subset of 121 samples. Results Of the 385 samples tested in this study, 14 samples were positive for M. genitalium estimating a prevalence of 3.6%. The same 14 samples also tested positive on the AllplexTM assay indicating a good correlation between the TaqMan Assay and the AllplexTM. Of the 14 positive samples, one sample carried a mutation at position A2059G denoting macrolide resistance in this pathogen. Mutations in the other regions of the 23S rRNA were not detected. All assay controls used in the mutation scanning produced the desired results showing the validity of the assay. Conclusion In this study, macrolide resistance in M. genitalium was detected. Despite the low prevalence of resistance determinants ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is vital considering that azithromycin is used in the syndromic management for the treatment of vaginal discharge syndrome.
Safety of a Novel ESAT6-CFP10 skin test compared with tuberculin skin test in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Yang Yang , Fang Zhixiong , Huang Wei , Zhang Haiming , Luo Si , Lin Sha , Li Shaojie , Lu Shuihua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) skin test has been reported accurate and safe in identifying tuberculosis infection. We aimed to demonstrate the safety of EC skin test compared with tuberculin skin test (TST) in university freshmen.

Methods
We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study in a university freshmen population with 16,680 participates in China, and finally 14,579 completed the study. About a half received an EC skin test and the others received TST. Adverse reactions were evaluated.

Results
Out of the 14,579 participants, 48.2% (7029/14,579) were males. The average age was 18.1 ± 0.8 years and the average BMI was 20.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2. 50.4% (7351/14,579) participants received EC skin test and 49.6% (7228/14,579) received TST. The EC group had significantly less adverse reactions compared with the TST group (21.3%, 1565/7351 vs. 34.6%, 2499/7228, P = 0.000). The most common adverse reactions for EC were bleeding (5.63%, 414), dermatodyschroia (4.27%, 314), induration (3.90%, 287), swelling (2.49%, 183), pain (1.59%, 117) and pruritus (1.48%, 109). Bleeding, dermatodyschroia, swelling and erythema were significantly less in EC group (P < 0.05), while others were similar to those of TST.

Conclusion
the EC skin test was safe in our cohort. And its incidence of total adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is less than that of TST. Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate, lasting less than 48 h and self-limiting. Considering the satisfactory diagnostic accuracy in identifying tuberculosis infection, the cost and safety, the EC skin test might be a potential candidate for replacing TST in high burden countries or those with routine BCG vaccination. Clinical Trials Registration. ChiCTR2000038622, Safety of the EC skin test to screen tuberculosis infection in two universities, compared with the tuberculin skin test: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. registered on 26/09/2020 at http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Stuck between medals and participation: an institutional theory perspective on why sport federations struggle to reach Sport-for-All goals
Authors: De Bock Thomas , Scheerder Jeroen , Theeboom Marc , Constandt Bram , Marlier Mathieu , De Clerck Tom , Willem Annick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSport-for-All emphasizes that every individual has the right to participate in sport. Despite all efforts to deliver Sport-for-All during the past decades, studies indicate that sport participation rates have been stagnating, whereas social inequalities in sport continue to exist. By applying an institutional theory lens, this study sheds light on how the dual mission of sport federations, i.e., providing Sport-for-All and high performance sport, affects the Sport-for-All projects of Flemish sport federations (e.g., amount of projects and target groups). In particular, Sport-for-All projects have to reduce barriers to engage in the sport system and be supported by a sport federation. Furthermore, this study seeks to better understand the impact of the underlying institutional logic on the institutional pressure and legitimacy of the sport federations.MethodThis study implemented a cross-sectional field study in sport federations. In particular, the sport federations selected for our study are the 47 Flemish sport federations. Both qualitative (i.e., document analysis) and quantitative research methods (i.e., a new questionnaire was developed based on institutional theory) were applied in the study.ResultsResults indicated that sport federations are important partners in support of Sport-for-All projects, but also suggested that there is a discrepancy between the projects of the high performance-oriented and the Sport-for-All-oriented federations. Specifically, the high performance-oriented federations were targeting youth participants, whereas Sport-for-all-oriented federations aimed to reach disadvantaged groups. Furthermore, the results indicated that high performance-oriented federations endured more institutional pressure than Sport-for-All-oriented federations.ConclusionThe results of our study indicated that the Sport-for-All projects of performance-oriented federations are often more superficial compared to Sport-for-All oriented federations, and that the latter federations play an important role in attaining public health targets. Moreover, policymakers should consider how they can optimize the role of the performance-oriented federations in the Sport-for-All delivery (e.g., they could function as a bridge to guide participants who prefer a less competitive setting towards Sport-for-All oriented federations).
The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on serum glucose levels in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus: a single group clinical trial
Authors: Fallah Fatemeh , Alijanpour Morteza , Khafri Soraya , Pournasrollah Mohammad , Talebi Ghadam Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on serum glucose level in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes.

Methods
This before-after, single-group, clinical trial was conducted on 29 patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus with the age range of 7–18 years. The patients underwent NMES in two 20-minute phases on the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles, three sessions per week for a period of 8 weeks. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), measured in two ways, by glucometer and laboratory testing, was considered as the primary outcome and the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin were measured as the secondary outcomes. The laboratory FBS and HbA1c were measured 1 day before the intervention (as a baseline value) and then 2 and 6 weeks after the last session of intervention. FBS by glucometer and total daily dose of insulin were recorded daily from 2 weeks before the intervention to the last day of the intervention and consequently, the weekly average of these variables was calculated and used for statistical analysis.

Results
The serum level of FBS (measured by glucometer) and the total daily dose of insulin reduced significantly 2 weeks after beginning of intervention. The laboratory serum level of FBS decreased significantly in the second week after the end of intervention compared to the baseline values. Although the HbA1c level decreased at follow-up period (2 and 6 weeks after the intervention), it was not significant.

Conclusion
It seems that 8 weeks of NMES has beneficial effects on the reduction of FBS and TDD of insulin therefore, it could be suggested as the contributory treatment in management of children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes.

Trial registration
The study was registered at https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/51739/view (IRCT20100523003998N1) in date of 25/10/2020.
Factors associated with non-use of insecticide-treated bed nets among pregnant women in Zambia
Authors: Mwangu Luwi Mercy , Mapuroma Relebogile , Ibisomi Latifat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the Zambian government’s efforts to ensure 80% use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) among pregnant women, ITN use remains critically low. Only 49% of pregnant women reported sleeping under an ITN in 2018 in the country. This study aims to determine the prevalence of, and the factors associated with the non-use of ITNs among pregnant women in Zambia.

Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of the data collected during the 2018 Zambian Demographic and Health Survey. One thousand one hundred and thirty-eight (1 138) pregnant women were included in the study. The prevalence of the non-use of ITNs was computed and univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to determine the factors associated with the non-use of ITNs in the study population.

Results
The study found that 578 (50.8%) pregnant women reported not using an ITN the night before the survey. The results of the multivariable logistic regression indicated that, primary level education (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.23–3.68), ITN per household member (OR = 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.02), parity (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99), moderate malaria prevalence provinces (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.23–0.50), high malaria prevalence provinces (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.18–0.39) and currently in a union (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.88) were significantly associated with the non-use of ITNs.

Conclusion
This study showed a high prevalence of the non-use of ITNs among pregnant women in Zambia. Factors found to be associated with the non-use of ITNs in the study population are: ITN per household member, parity, education, marital status and malaria prevalence provinces. Addressing the identified factors will require intensification of ITN programming and other malaria preventive measures.
The role of staging laparoscopy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its effect on patients’ survival
Authors: Jambor Maxwell A. , Ashrafizadeh Amir , Nahm Christopher B. , Clarke Stephen J. , Pavlakis Nick , Kneebone Andrew , Hruby George , Gill Anthony J. , Mittal Anubhav , Samra Jaswinder S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Prompt and accurate staging of pancreatic cancer is essential to distinguish patients to benefit from resection with curative intent and those with unresectable disease. A staging laparoscopy is used preoperatively to identify macroscopic or occult metastases not identified on imaging. This single-institution study aims to evaluate the role of staging laparoscopy in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its effect on overall survival.

Method
Clinicopathologic data were evaluated for all patients undergoing staging laparoscopy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from July 2014 to December 2019. The study identified 155 patients eligible for analysis. All patients were followed for at least 2 years. Clinical backgrounds, survival curves and prognostic factors were investigated.

Results
Resectability status among the cohort was 62 (40%) upfront resectable, 53 (34%) borderline resectable and 40 (26%) locally advanced disease. The median age was 69, with 44% male patients. Median CA19-9 value was 125 kU/L, and median CA125 value was 22 kU/L. Staging laparoscopy resulted in upstaging nine (15%) upfront resectable patients, five (9%) borderline resectable patients and ten (25%) locally advanced patients. There was positive cytology in 19 (12%), peritoneal deposits in six (4%) and peritoneal liver deposits in seven (5%) patients. Overall, the number needed to treat (NNT) to avoid an unnecessary laparotomy was eight patients.

Conclusion
Staging laparoscopy continues to be a valuable investigation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this institution, one in every eight patients undergoing a staging laparoscopy was upstaged to metastatic disease, thus avoiding an unnecessary laparotomy or a non-curative resection.
Early coagulopathy after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhou Dawei , Li Tong , Lv Yi , Wang Dijia , Zhang Rongli , Lin Qing , Wang Chao , Zhao Dong , Fei Shuyang , He Wei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To estimate the incidence, risk factors, and impact on mortality and functional outcomes for early coagulopathy after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.

Methods
A post hoc analysis of the Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital (THAPCA-OH) trial was conducted. Early coagulopathy was defined as presence of at least one of the following coagulation abnormalities upon admission: international standard ratio (INR), platelets, and age-adjusted activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) within 6 h after OHCA and before therapeutic hypothermia initiation. The outcomes included 28-day mortality and functional prognosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore risk factors and association between early coagulopathy and outcomes.

Results
Of the 227 patients included, 152 (67%) were male and the median age was 2.3 years [interquartile range (IQR), 0.7–8.6 years]. The overall 28-day mortality was 63%. The incidence of early coagulopathy was 46%. Lower age, longer duration of chest compression, lower temperature, and higher white blood cell (WBC) upon admission increased the risk of early coagulopathy. Early coagulopathy [OR, 2.20 (95% CI, 1.12–4.39), P = 0.023] was independently associated with 28-day mortality after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions
Early coagulopathy occurred in almost half of pediatric patients with OHCA. Lower age, longer duration of chest compression, lower temperature, and higher WBC increased the risk. The development of early coagulopathy was independently associated with increased mortality.
One-step fabrication of lidocaine/CalliSpheres® composites for painless transcatheter arterial embolization
Authors: Tian Chuan , Wang Zijian , Huang Lei , Liu Yimin , Wu Kunpeng , Li Zhaonan , Han Bin , Jiao Dechao , Han Xinwei , Zhao Yanan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is one of the first-line treatments for advanced hepatocellular cancer. The pain caused by TAE is a stark complication, which remains to be prevented by biomedical engineering methods.

Methods
Herein, a commercial embolic agent CalliSpheres® bead (CB) was functionally modified with lidocaine (Lid) using an electrostatic self-assembly technique. The products were coded as CB/Lid-n (n = 0, 5, 10, corresponding to the relative content of Lid). The chemical compositions, morphology, drug-loading, and drug-releasing ability of CB/Lid-n were comprehensively investigated. The biocompatibility was determined by hemolysis assay, live/dead cell staining assay, CCK8 assay, immunofluorescence (IHC) staining assay and quantitative real-time PCR. The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and edema ratio (ER) were performed to evaluate the analgesia of CB/Lid-n using a plantar inflammation model. A series of histological staining, including immunohistochemistry (IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and Navi1.7) and TUNEL were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of anti-tumor effect of CB/Lid-n on a VX2-tumor bearing model.

Results
Lid was successfully loaded onto the surface of CalliSpheres® bead, and the average diameter of CalliSpheres® bead increased along with the dosage of Lid. CB/Lid-n exhibited desirable drug-loading ratio, drug-embedding ratio, and sustained drug-release capability. CB/Lid-n had mild toxicity towards L929 cells, while triggered no obvious hemolysis. Furthermore, CB/Lid-n could improve the carrageenan-induced inflammation response micro-environment in vivo and in vitro. We found that CB/Lid-10 could selectively kill tumor by blocking blood supply, inhibiting cell proliferation, and promoting cell apoptosis. CB/Lid-10 could also release Lid to relieve post-operative pain, mainly by remodeling the harsh inflammation micro-environment (IME).

Conclusions
In summary, CB/Lid-10 has relatively good biocompatibility and bioactivity, and it can serve as a promising candidate for painless transcatheter arterial embolization.
CSPG4 expression in soft tissue sarcomas is associated with poor prognosis and low cytotoxic immune response
Authors: Boudin Laurys , de Nonneville A , Finetti Pascal , Mescam Léna , Le Cesne A , Italiano Antoine , Blay Jean-Yves , Birnbaum Daniel , Mamessier Emilie , Bertucci François 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous and pro-metastatic tumors. Identification of accurate prognostic factors and novel therapeutic targets are crucial. CSPG4 is a cell surface proteoglycan with oncogenic functions. It recently emerged as a potential target for immunotherapy, including cell therapy based on CSPG4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected cytokine-induced killer lymphocytes (CSPG4-CAR.CIKs) in STS. However, expression of CSPG4 is poorly known in STS so far.

Methods
We analyzed CSPG4 gene expression in 1378 localized STS clinical samples, and searched for correlations with clinicopathological data, including disease-free survival (DFS), and with tumor immune features.

Results
CSPG4 expression was heterogeneous across samples. High expression was associated with younger patients’ age, more frequent undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma pathological subtypes, more frequent internal trunk tumor site, and more CINSARC high-risk samples. No correlation existed with pathological tumor size and grade, and tumor depth. Patients with high CSPG4 expression displayed 49% (95% CI 42–57) 5-year DFS versus 61% (95% CI 56–68) in patients with low expression (p = 3.17E−03), representing a 49% increased risk of event in the “CSPG4-high” group (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.14–1.94). This unfavorable prognostic value persisted in multivariate analysis, independently from other variables. There were significant differences in immune variables between “CSPG4-high” and “CSPG4-low” tumors. The "CSPG4-low" tumors displayed profiles suggesting higher anti-tumor cytotoxic immune response and higher potential vulnerability to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). By contrast, the "CSPG4-high" tumors displayed profiles implying an immune-excluded tumor microenvironment, potentially induced by hypoxia, resulting from an immature chaotic microvasculature, and/or the presence of contractile myofibroblasts.

Conclusions
Patients with “CSPG4-high” STS, theoretically candidate for CAR.CIKs, display shorter DFS and an immune environment unfavorable to vulnerability to CAR.CIKs, which could be improved by combining anti-angiogenic drugs able to normalize the tumor vasculature. By contrast, “CSPG4-low” STS are better candidates for immune therapy involving ICI.
Turning C1-gases to isobutanol towards great environmental and economic sustainability via innovative biological routes: two birds with one stone
Authors: Liang Bobo , Fu Rongzhan , Ma Yingqun , Hu Lizhen , Fei Qiang , Xing Xin-Hui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The dramatic increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which causes serious global environmental issues and severe climate changes, has become a global problem of concern in recent decades. Currently, native and/or non-native C1-utilizing microbes have been modified to be able to effectively convert C1-gases (biogas, natural gas, and CO2) into isobutanol via biological routes. Even though the current experimental results are satisfactory in lab-scale research, the techno-economic feasibility of C1 gas-derived isobutanol production at the industrial scale still needs to be analyzed and evaluated, which will be essential for the future industrialization of C1-gas bioconversion. Therefore, techno-economic analyses were conducted in this study with comparisons of capital cost (CAPEX), operating cost (OPEX), and minimum isobutanol selling price (MISP) derived from biogas (scenario #1), natural gas (scenario #2), and CO2 (scenario #3) with systematic economic assessment.

Results
By calculating capital investments and necessary expenses, the highest CAPEX ($317 MM) and OPEX ($67 MM) were projected in scenario #1 and scenario #2, respectively. Because of the lower CAPEX and OPEX from scenario #3, the results revealed that bioconversion of CO2 into isobutanol temporally exhibited the best economic performance with an MISP of $1.38/kg isobutanol. Furthermore, a single sensitivity analysis with nine different parameters was carried out for the production of CO2-derived isobutanol. The annual plant capacity, gas utilization rate, and substrate cost are the three most important economic-driving forces on the MISP of CO2-derived isobutanol. Finally, a multiple-point sensitivity analysis considering all five parameters simultaneously was performed using ideal targets, which presented the lowest MISP of $0.99/kg in a long-term case study.

Conclusions
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the bioconversion of C1-gases into isobutanol in terms of the bioprocess design, mass/energy calculation, capital investment, operating expense, sensitivity analysis, and minimum selling price. Compared with isobutanol derived from biogas and natural gas, the CO2-based isobutanol showed better economic feasibility. A market competitive isobutanol derived from CO2 is predicable with lower CO2 cost, better isobutanol titer, and higher annual capacity. This study will help researchers and decision-makers explore innovative and effective approaches to neutralizing GHGs and focus on key economic-driving forces to improve techno-economic performance.