bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Bacillus subtilis B9: A Diazotrophic Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacterium Isolated from Sugarcane Root
Authors: Di Yi-ning , Kui Ling , Singh Pratiksha , Liu Lu-feng , Xie Lin-yan , He Li-lian , Li Fu-sheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plant endophytic microorganisms, which can enhance plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, are untapped resources with large potential applications for crop production. However, the endophytic community is influenced by multiple factors, such as host genetics, the environment, and other microbes. Thus, it is important to characterize well-adapted endophytes from native crops. We isolated 43 endophytic bacteria from sugarcane cultivar Yunzhe-99-91. All these 43 isolates were examined in vitro for nitrogenase activity and the ability to dissolve phosphorus and produce siderophore. One of these strains, B9, identified as Bacillussubtilis and showed maximum plant growth promotion, was selected for detailed studies. B9 promoted the production of organic acids such as propionic acid, acetic acid, malic acid and citric acid, and the production of phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, 6-benzyladenine, and zeatin. Moreover, B9 significantly promoted the growth of sugarcane plantlets and increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the seedlings by 29.26%, 50.78%, and 15.49%, respectively. The photosynthetic rate, root development, and chlorophyll content were also improved with varying degrees compared to the non-inoculated control. The cotyledon and hypocotyl of sugarcane gems germinated faster when co-cultured with the B9 strain compared with control group. Colonization assay showed that B9 was mainly colonized in the roots, followed by the stems and leaves. In conclusion, the positive interaction between endophytic strain B9 and sugarcane may provide long-lasting benefits and a direction for developing and utilizing B9 as a biofertilizer for sugarcane cultivation to decrease fertilizer application.
Paediatric surgical trials, their fragility index, and why to avoid using it to evaluate results
Authors: Schröder Arne , Muensterer Oliver J. , Oetzmann von Sochaczewski Christina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The fragility index has been gaining ground in the evaluation of comparative clinical studies. Many scientists evaluated trials in their fields and deemed them to be fragile, although there is no consensus on the definition of fragility. We aimed to calculate the fragility index and its permutations for paediatric surgical trials.

Methods
We searched pubmed for prospectively conducted paediatric surgical trials with intervention and control group without limitations and calculated their (reverse) fragility indices and respective quotients along with posthoc-power. Relationships between variables were evaluated using Spearman’s ρ. We also calculated S values by negative log transformation base-2 of P values.

Results
Of 516 retrieved records, we included 87. The median fragility index was 1.5 (interquartile range: 0–4) and the median reverse fragility index was 3 (interquartile range: 2–4), although they were statistically not different (Mood’s test: χ2 = 0.557, df = 1, P = 0.4556). P values and fragility indices were strongly inversely correlated (ρ = − 0.71, 95% confidence interval: − 0.53 to − 0.85, P < 0.0001), while reverse fragility indices were moderately correlated to P values (ρ = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.62, P < 0.0001). A fragility index of 1 resulted from P values between 0.039 and 0.003, which resulted in S values between 4 and 8.

Conclusions
Fragility indices, reverse fragility indices, and their respective fragility quotients of paediatric surgical trials are low. The fragility index can be viewed as no more than a transformed P value with even more substantial limitations. Its inherent penalisation of small studies irrespective of their clinical relevance is particularly harmful for paediatric surgery. Consequently, the fragility index should be avoided.
Harnessing retinal phagocytes to combat pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathies?
Authors: Klotzsche-von Ameln Anne , Sprott David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIschemic retinopathies (IR) are vision-threatening diseases that affect a substantial amount of people across all age groups worldwide. The current treatment options of photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy have side effects and are occasionally unable to prevent disease progression. It is therefore worthwhile to consider other molecular targets for the development of novel treatment strategies that could be safer and more efficient. During the manifestation of IR, the retina, normally an immune privileged tissue, encounters enhanced levels of cellular stress and inflammation that attract mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) from the blood stream and activate resident MPs (microglia). Activated MPs have a multitude of effects within the retinal tissue and have the potential to both counter and exacerbate the harmful tissue microenvironment. The present review discusses the current knowledge about the role of inflammation and activated retinal MPs in the major IRs: retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy. We focus particularly on MPs and their secreted factors and cell–cell-based interactions between MPs and endothelial cells. We conclude that activated MPs play a major role in the manifestation and progression of IRs and could therefore become a promising new target for novel pharmacological intervention strategies in these diseases.
Effects of a narrative template on memory for the time of movie scenes: automatic reshaping is independent of consolidation
Authors: Frisoni Matteo , Di Ghionno Monica , Guidotti Roberto , Tosoni Annalisa , Sestieri Carlo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMemory for time is influenced by reconstructive processes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated whether the effect of schematic prior knowledge on temporal memory for movie scenes, produced by the incomplete presentation (cut) of the movie at encoding, is modulated by cut position, retention interval, and task repetition. In a timeline positioning task, participants were asked to indicate when short video clips extracted from a previously encoded movie occurred on a horizontal timeline that represented the video duration. In line with previous findings, removing the final part of the movie resulted in a systematic underestimation of clips' position as a function of their proximity to the missing part. Further experiments demonstrate that the direction of this automatic effect depends on which part of the movie is deleted from the encoding session, consistent with the inferential structure of the schema, and does not depend on consolidation nor reconsolidation processes, at least within the present experimental conditions. We propose that the observed bias depends on the automatic influence of reconstructive processes on judgments about the time of occurrence, based on prior schematic knowledge.
On the Fine-grained Parameterized Complexity of Partial Scheduling to Minimize the Makespan
Authors: Nederlof Jesper , Swennenhuis Céline M. F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study a natural variant of scheduling that we call partial scheduling: in this variant an instance of a scheduling problem along with an integer k is given and one seeks an optimal schedule where not all, but only k jobs, have to be processed. Specifically, we aim to determine the fine-grained parameterized complexity of partial scheduling problems parameterized by k for all variants of scheduling problems that minimize the makespan and involve unit/arbitrary processing times, identical/unrelated parallel machines, release/due dates, and precedence constraints. That is, we investigate whether algorithms with runtimes of the type $$f(k)n^{{\mathcal {O}}(1)}$$

f

(
k
)

n

O
(
1
)

or $$n^{{\mathcal {O}}(f(k))}$$

n

O
(
f
(
k
)
)

exist for a function f that is as small as possible. Our contribution is two-fold: First, we categorize each variant to be either in $${\mathsf {P}}$$
P
, $${{\mathsf {N}}}{{\mathsf {P}}}$$

N
P

-complete and fixed-parameter tractable by k, or $${\mathsf {W}}[1]$$

W
[
1
]

-hard parameterized by k. Second, for many interesting cases we further investigate the runtime on a finer scale and obtain run times that are (almost) optimal assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis. As one of our main technical contributions, we give an $${\mathcal {O}}(8^kk(|V|+|E|))$$

O
(

8
k

k
(
|
V
|

+

|
E
|
)
)

time algorithm to solve instances of partial scheduling problems minimizing the makespan with unit length jobs, precedence constraints and release dates, where $$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

is the graph with precedence constraints.
An enhanced Harris Hawk optimization algorithm for parameter estimation of single, double and triple diode photovoltaic models
Authors: Ramadan Abdelhady , Kamel Salah , Korashy Ahmed , Almalaq Abdulaziz , Domínguez-García Jose Luis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to the rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) system and spreading of its application, the accuracy of modeling of solar cells, as the main and basic element of PV systems, is gaining relevance. In this paper, an Enhanced Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm (EHHO) is proposed and applied for estimating the required parameters of different PV models in an effective and accurate way. Harris Hawk Algorithm (HHO) is based on Hawks ways in hunting and catching their preys. The HHO utilizes two phases including exploration and exploitation. The main purpose of proposed enhancement is to improve the second phase of HHO. This enhancement is performed on the exploration phase by fluctuating toward or outward the best optimal solution using sine and cosine functions. Both conventional and proposed algorithms are applied for single, double and triple diode PV models. In order to test the applicability and robustness of proposed algorithm, it is applied for estimating the parameters of different real PV systems and compared with other recent optimization algorithms. The results show that the proposed EHHO is more accurate than conventional HHO and other algorithms.
A hierarchical hyper-heuristic for the bin packing problem
Authors: Guerriero Francesca , Saccomanno Francesco Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the two-dimensional irregular bin packing problem, whose main aim is to allocate a given set of irregular pieces to larger rectangular containers (bins), while minimizing the number of bins required to contain all pieces. To solve the problem under study a dynamic hierarchical hyper-heuristic approach is proposed. The main idea of the hyper-heuristics is to search the space of low-level heuristics for solving computationally difficult problems. The proposed approach is “dynamic” since the low-level heuristic to be executed is chosen on the basis of the main characteristics of the instance to be solved. The term “hierarchical” is used to indicate the fact that the main hyper-heuristic can execute either simple heuristics or can run in a “recursive fashion” a hyper-heuristic. The developed solution strategy is evaluated empirically by performing extensive experiments on irregular packing benchmark instances. A comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches is also carried out. The computational results are very encouraging.
Human emotion recognition from EEG-based brain–computer interface using machine learning: a comprehensive review
Authors: Houssein Essam H. , Hammad Asmaa , Ali Abdelmgeid A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAffective computing, a subcategory of artificial intelligence, detects, processes, interprets, and mimics human emotions. Thanks to the continued advancement of portable non-invasive human sensor technologies, like brain–computer interfaces (BCI), emotion recognition has piqued the interest of academics from a variety of domains. Facial expressions, speech, behavior (gesture/posture), and physiological signals can all be used to identify human emotions. However, the first three may be ineffectual because people may hide their true emotions consciously or unconsciously (so-called social masking). Physiological signals can provide more accurate and objective emotion recognition. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals respond in real time and are more sensitive to changes in affective states than peripheral neurophysiological signals. Thus, EEG signals can reveal important features of emotional states. Recently, several EEG-based BCI emotion recognition techniques have been developed. In addition, rapid advances in machine and deep learning have enabled machines or computers to understand, recognize, and analyze emotions. This study reviews emotion recognition methods that rely on multi-channel EEG signal-based BCIs and provides an overview of what has been accomplished in this area. It also provides an overview of the datasets and methods used to elicit emotional states. According to the usual emotional recognition pathway, we review various EEG feature extraction, feature selection/reduction, machine learning methods (e.g., k-nearest neighbor), support vector machine, decision tree, artificial neural network, random forest, and naive Bayes) and deep learning methods (e.g., convolutional and recurrent neural networks with long short term memory). In addition, EEG rhythms that are strongly linked to emotions as well as the relationship between distinct brain areas and emotions are discussed. We also discuss several human emotion recognition studies, published between 2015 and 2021, that use EEG data and compare different machine and deep learning algorithms. Finally, this review suggests several challenges and future research directions in the recognition and classification of human emotional states using EEG.
Syntectonic magmatism and reactivation of collisional structures during late-Variscan shearing (SW Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Secchi F. , Casini L. , Cifelli F. , Naitza S. , Carta E. , Oggiano G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Arbus igneous complex (SW Sardinia, Italy) represents a good example of a short time lived post-collisional composite pluton emplaced at shallow crustal level in the external zone of the Variscan chain. The pluton almost consists of granodiorite and leucogranite rock-suites emplaced at 304 ± 1 Ma within a main NW trending thrust separating the metamorphic wedge from the fold and thrust belt foreland. The pluton emplaced into a dilatational step over connecting two NW–SE dextral shear zones which belongs to a regional network of post-collisional strike-slip structures marking the transition from collision to post-collisional extension. The microstructure observed for quartz and K-feldspar confirms the lack of significant post-emplacement deformation, indicating only limited high-temperature sub-solidus recrystallization. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptivity data and field-structural analysis have been carried out to reconstruct the geometry of the pluton and the trajectories of magmatic flow in relation to regional deformation structures. Overall, the magmatic and the magnetic fabrics are broadly discordant with the metamorphic foliation of the country rocks, defining an EW trending elliptical asymmetric sill rooted in the SW quadrant. The reconstructed architecture combined to petrologic observation indicates that accretion of the pluton involved injection of multiple dykes through a sub-vertical feeder zone, combined to lateral flow of the roof controlled by inherited collisional structure. The duration of magmatic activity and the cooling history of the contact metamorphic aureole have been evaluated through a suite of 2D thermal models. All these observations, together with the available geochronological constraints are suggestive of very rapid construction of the pluton. The proposed emplacement model is fully consistent with the regional phase of strike-slip tectonics and widespread magmatism accommodating the large rotation of the Corsica-Sardinia block during the Carboniferous-Permian transition.
Semi-analytical Method for Modeling Wellbore Breakout Development
Authors: Setiawan Ngurah Beni , Zimmerman Robert W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBorehole breakout initiation, progression, and stabilization are modeled using a semi-analytical method based on Melentiev’s graphical conformal mapping procedure, and Kolosov–Muskhelishvili complex stress potentials. The only input data required are the elastic moduli of the rock, the Coulomb strength parameters (cohesion and angle of internal friction), and the far-field stresses. The stresses around the borehole wall are computed, the region in which the rock has failed is then “removed”, creating a new borehole shape. This process is iterated until a shape is obtained for which the breakout will progress no further, and a stable state has been reached. This modeling shows that stresses around the flank of the breakout evolve so as to reduce the propensity for shear failure, which helps to explain why the breakout width remains relatively constant throughout the process, even as the breakout region deepens radially. The failed area around the borehole becomes smaller and more localized, as the breakout tip sharpens and deepens. Using the Mogi–Coulomb failure criterion, a good match is obtained between the modeled breakout geometry and the geometry observed by Herrick and Haimson in laboratory experiments on an Alabama limestone. The new method leads to a correlation between breakout geometry, rock strength properties, and in situ stress. The paper ends with a critical discussion of the possibility of inferring the in situ stress state from observed breakout geometries.
Pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder according to severity in psychiatric inpatients: results from the AMSP pharmacovigilance program from 2001–2017
Authors: Seifert Johanna , Maier Hannah B. , Führmann Fabienne , Bleich Stefan , Stübner Susanne , Sieberer Marcel , Bernegger Xueqiong , Greil Waldemar , Schüle Cornelius , Toto Sermin , Grohmann Renate , Reinhard Matthias A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe International Classification of Diseases (10th Version) categorizes major depressive disorder (MDD) according to severity. Guidelines provide recommendations for the treatment of MDD according to severity. Aim of this study was to assess real-life utilization of psychotropic drugs based on severity of MDD in psychiatric inpatients. Drug utilization data from the program “Drug Safety in Psychiatry” (German: Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie, AMSP) were analyzed according to the severity of MDD. From 2001 to 2017, 43,868 psychiatric inpatients with MDD were treated in participating hospitals. Most patients were treated with ≥ 1 antidepressant drug (ADD; 85.8% of patients with moderate MDD, 89.8% of patients with severe MDD, and 87.9% of patients with psychotic MDD). More severely depressed patients were more often treated with selective serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and mirtazapine and less often with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (p < 0.001 each). Use of antipsychotic drugs (APDs), especially second-generation APDs, increased significantly with severity (37.0%, 47.9%, 84.1%; p < 0.001 each). APD + ADD was the most used combination (32.8%, 43.6%, 74.4%), followed by two ADDs (26.3%, 29.3%, 24.9%). Use of lithium was minimal (3.3%, 6.1% ,7.1%). The number of psychotropic drugs increased with severity of MDD—patients with psychotic MDD had the highest utilization of psychotropic drugs (93.4%, 96.5%, 98.7%; p < 0.001). ADD monotherapy was observed to a lesser extent, even in patients with non-severe MDD (23.2%, 17.1%, 4.4%). Findings reveal substantial discrepancies between guideline recommendations and real-life drug utilization, indicating that guidelines may insufficiently consider clinical needs within the psychiatric inpatient setting.
Methionine-Based Radicals: Time Scales and Species
Authors: Neshchadin Dmytro , Kelterer Anne-Marie , Houée-Levin Chantal , Stadler Eduard , Spichty Martin , Gescheidt Georg 
Published: May 2022

Abstractl-Methionine is an amino acid, which provides anti-oxidative properties. We report on radicals and radical cations being likely (short-lived) intermediates formed upon photo-oxidation reactions of methionine. In this context, we present photo-CIDNP experiments indicating that the character of the photooxidants is decisive for the observation of CIDNP effects based on methionine. Based on calculated hyperfine data and pKa values and on our experimental observations, we suggest that CIDNP polarizations are produced by an overlay of at least three geminal radical pairs, i.e., two α-thio carbon-centered radicals D· and G·, aminyl radical N·, and, possibly, 2c–3e radical cation SN.+ as short-lived reaction intermediates.
Use of buccal fat pad-derived stem cells cultured on bioceramics for repair of critical-sized mandibular defects in healthy and osteoporotic rats
Authors: Camacho-Alonso Fabio , Tudela-Mulero M. R. , Navarro J. A. , Buendía A. J. , Mercado-Díaz A. M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To compare new bone formation in mandibular symphysis critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) in healthy and osteoporotic rats filled with bioceramics (BCs) with or without buccal fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (BFPSCs).

Materials and methods
Thirty-two adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized to two groups (n = 16 per group): group 1 healthy and group 2 osteoporotic (with bilateral ovariectomy). The central portion of the rat mandibular symphysis was used as a physiological CSBD. In each group, eight defects were filled with BC (hydroxyapatite 60% and β-tricalcium phosphate 40%) alone and eight with BFPSCs cultured on BC. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks, and the mandibles were processed for micro-computed tomography to analyze radiological union and bone mineral density (BMD); histological analysis of the bone union; and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2).

Results
In both groups, CSBDs filled with BC + BFPSCs showed greater radiological bone union, BMD and histological bone union, and more VEGF and BMP-2 positivity, compared with CSBDs treated with BC alone at 4 and 8 weeks.

Conclusions
The application of BFPSCs cultured on BCs improves bone regeneration in CSBDs compared with BCs alone in healthy and osteoporotic rats.

Clinical relevance
Our results may aid bone regeneration of maxillofacial CSBDs of both healthy and osteoporotic patients, but further studies are necessary.