bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On site cardiac surgery for structural heart interventions: a fence to mend?
Authors: Foglietta Melissa , Radico Francesco , Appignani Marianna , Aquilani Roberta , Di Fulvio Maria , Zimarino Marco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Current evidence supports device-based transcatheter interventions for the management of patients with structural heart disease, proving well their safety and efficacy; transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) of mitral or tricuspid valves, and left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) are expanding their role in contemporary practice. Currently, guidelines recommend performing TAVI in ‘Heart Valve Center’ with interventional cardiology and institutional on-site cardiac surgery (iOSCS), while no site limitation has been defined for TEER and LAAO. The growing number of candidates for transcatheter interventions generates long waiting times with negative consequences on mortality, morbidity, hospitalization, and functional deterioration. Therefore, a debate on the feasibility of TAVI in centres without iOSCS has been set up. Data from randomized controlled trials and registries failed to document any difference in outcomes and in conversion rate to emergent surgical bailout in centres with or without iOSCS; on the other hand, a direct relationship with TAVI complications has been clearly documented for learning curve and centre volume. Therefore, the role of iOSCS for TAVI, as well as for other transcatheter interventions, should be carefully explored.
Repeatability of ventricular arrhythmia characteristics on the exercise-stress test in RYR2-mediated catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Peltenburg Puck J , Pultoo Sanjeev N J , Tobert Kathryn E , Bos J Martijn , Lieve Krystien V V , Tanck Michael , Clur Sally-Ann B , Blom Nico A , Ackerman Michael J , Wilde Arthur A M , van der Werf Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsIn catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), the exercise-stress test (EST) is the cornerstone for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and assessment of therapeutic efficacy, but its repeatability is unknown. We aimed to test the repeatability of ventricular arrhythmia characteristics on the EST in patients with CPVT.Methods and resultsEST-pairs (ESTs performed within 18 months between 2005 and 2021, on the same protocol, and without or on the exact same treatment) of patients with RYR2-mediated CPVT from two specialized centres were included. The primary endpoint was the repeatability of the maximum ventricular arrhythmia score [VAS: 0 for the absence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs); 1 for isolated PVCs; 2 for bigeminal PVCs; 3 for couplets; and 4 for non-sustained ventricular tachycardia]. Secondary outcomes were the repeatability of the heart rate at the first PVC and the ΔVAS (the absolute difference in VAS between the EST-pairs). A total of 104 patients with 349 EST-pairs were included. The median duration between ESTs was 343 (interquartile range, 189–378) days. Sixty (17.2%) EST-pairs were off therapy. The repeatability of the VAS was moderate {Krippendorf α, 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48–0.64]}, and the repeatability of the heart rate at the first PVC was substantial [intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71–0.84)]. The use of medication was associated with a higher odds for a ΔVAS &gt; 1 (odds ratio = 3.52; 95% CI, 2.46–4.57; P = 0.020).ConclusionThe repeatability of ventricular arrhythmia characteristics was moderate to substantial. This underlines the need for multiple ESTs in CPVT patients and CPVT suspicious patients and it provides the framework for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of novel CPVT therapies.
Functional microbial ecology in arctic soils: the need for a year-round perspective
Authors: Poppeliers Sanne W M , Hefting Mariet , Dorrepaal Ellen , Weedon James T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The microbial ecology of arctic and sub-arctic soils is an important aspect of the global carbon cycle, due to the sensitivity of the large soil carbon stocks to ongoing climate warming. These regions are characterized by strong climatic seasonality, but the emphasis of most studies on the short vegetation growing season could potentially limit our ability to predict year-round ecosystem functions. We compiled a database of studies from arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments that include sampling of microbial community and functions outside the growing season. We found that for studies comparing across seasons, in most environments, microbial biomass and community composition vary intra-annually, with the spring thaw period often identified by researchers as the most dynamic time of year. This seasonality of microbial communities will have consequences for predictions of ecosystem function under climate change if it results in: seasonality in process kinetics of microbe-mediated functions; intra-annual variation in the importance of different (a)biotic drivers; and/or potential temporal asynchrony between climate change-related perturbations and their corresponding effects. Future research should focus on (i) sampling throughout the entire year; (ii) linking these multi-season measures of microbial community composition with corresponding functional or physiological measurements to elucidate the temporal dynamics of the links between them; and (iii) identifying dominant biotic and abiotic drivers of intra-annual variation in different ecological contexts.
Akkermansia muciniphilaattenuates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Shi Jun , Wang Feng , Tang Lei , Li Zhiqiang , Yu Manshu , Bai Yu , Weng Zebin , Sheng Meixiao , He Weiming , Chen Yugen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a global public health hazard with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis accounts for nearly half of all causes of AKI. Scientists have made a great effort to explore effective therapeutic agents with limited side effects in the treatment of AKI, but have had little success. With the development of gut flora study, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) has been proven to prevent different organs by regulating the inflammatory response. However, the reno-protective function is still unknown. Here, the AKI model was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice with or without pretreatment of A. muciniphila. Renal function and histological change were measured. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA and rt-PCR. TLR4/NF-κB signaling factors and NLRP3 inflammasome were tested by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment of A. muciniphila markedly inhibited inflammatory response and ameliorated kidney histopathological changes. Furthermore, the TLR4, p-NF-κB p65, and downstream IκBα were notably activated in the model group and inhibited by A. muciniphila. A similar effect was found in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, pretreatment with A. muciniphila could protect against LPS-induced AKI by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It may be a new therapeutic strategy for AKI prevention and treatment in the future.
The ribosome rescue pathways SsrA-SmpB, ArfA, and ArfB mediate tolerance to heat and antibiotic stresses in Azotobacter vinelandii
Authors: Moreno Soledad , Muriel-Millán Luis Felipe , Rodríguez-Martínez Karen , Ortíz-Vasco Cristian , Bedoya-Pérez Leidy Patricia , Espín Guadalupe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bacteria have a mechanism to rescue stalled ribosomes known as trans-translation consisting of SsrA, a transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), and the small protein SmpB. Other alternative rescue mechanisms mediated by ArfA and ArfB proteins are present only in some species. Ribosome rescue mechanisms also play a role in tolerance to antibiotics and various stresses such as heat. This study shows that the genome of the soil bacterium A. vinelandii harbours genes encoding for tmRNA, SmpB, two paralogs of ArfA (arfA1 and arfA2), and ArfB. A number of mutant strains carrying mutations in the ssrA, arfA1, arfA2, and arfB genes were constructed and tested for their growth and susceptibility to heat and the antibiotic tetracycline. We found that the inactivation of both ssrA and one or the two arfA genes was detrimental to growth and caused a higher susceptibility to heat and to the antibiotic tetracycline. Interestingly, the arfB mutant strain was unable to grow after 2 h of incubation at 45°C. Inactivation of arfB in the ssrA-arfA1-arfA2 strain caused a lethal phenotype since the quadruple mutant could not be isolated. Taken together, our data suggest that both arfA1 and arfA2, as well as arfB, are functional as back up mechanisms, and that the ArfB pathway has an essential role that confers A. vinelandii resistance to high temperatures.
Structural remodeling of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycans reveals the regulatory roles in receptor-binding affinity
Authors: Hsu Yen-Pang , Frank Martin , Mukherjee Debopreeti , Shchurik Vladimir , Makarov Alexey , Mann Benjamin F 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlycans of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein are speculated to play functional roles in the infection processes as they extensively cover the protein surface and are highly conserved across the variants. The spike protein has been the principal target for vaccine and therapeutic development while the exact effects of its glycosylation remain elusive. Analytical reports have described the glycan heterogeneity of the spike protein. Subsequent molecular simulation studies provided a knowledge basis of the glycan functions. However, experimental data on the role of discrete glycoforms on the spike protein pathobiology remains scarce. Building an understanding of their roles in SARS-CoV-2 is important as we continue to develop effective medicines and vaccines to combat the disease. Herein, we used designed combinations of glycoengineering enzymes to simplify and control the glycosylation profile of the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). Measurements of the receptor-binding affinity revealed opposite regulatory effects of the RBD glycans with and without sialylation, which presents a potential strategy for modulating the spike protein behaviors through glycoengineering. Moreover, we found that the reported anti-SARS-CoV-(2) antibody, S309, neutralizes the impact of different RBD glycoforms on the receptor-binding affinity. In combination with molecular dynamics simulation, this work reports the regulatory roles that glycosylation plays in the interaction between the viral spike protein and host receptor, providing new insights into the nature of SARS-CoV-2. Beyond this study, enzymatic glycan remodeling offers the opportunity to understand the fundamental role of specific glycoforms on glycoconjugates across molecular biology.
UK High Court Decides on Infringement of EPC 2000 Claims Based on German Patent Law
Authors: Rainsford Edward , Kaufmann Ulrike 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years various German courts have ruled on the scope of protection and infringement of second medical use patents. Due to a special contractual clause, the UK High Court now had to deal with the development of this German case law in the context of a patent licence dispute, taking into account the unusual feature that the subject of the dispute was not a new use for an old product, but a new product.
Variables shaping participatory constitution-making: Insights from the experiences of small states
Authors: De Visser Maartje , Perham Elisabeth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One of the assumptions that undergirds, sometimes implicitly, much of the contemporary push for participatory constitution-making is that meaningful popular involvement is easier to achieve in units with fewer inhabitants. This article critically interrogates that view, using the experience of small states (understood as those with no more than 1.5 million inhabitants) during constitution-making processes. It suggests that population size is not always a decisive or even significant variable when it comes to the type and quality of popular input realized during constitution-making in small states. Instead, five other macrocultural and environmental variables that, either alone or together, may have a greater impact are identified: democratic history and elite stewardship; the enduring presence of traditional orderings of society and approaches to governance; the ethnic and religious make-up of society; the available human capital and state of economic development; and physical geography. Drawing on case studies from the Asia-Pacific region, we show how these variables play out and highlight the need for contextual assessments of participatory constitution-making, also within the small state universe, to avoid falling into the “usual suspect” trap that has long plagued work in comparative constitutional law generally. This article further suggests that the relevance of the five variables mentioned does not appear to be peculiar to small states, which means that these variables can similarly be profitably used in studies of participatory processes generally.
A Nomenclatural System for Outbred Animals,,
Authors:   Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Committee on Nomenclature
Published: November 2022

EDITOR’S NOTE
With the possible exception of inbred mice, the identification of laboratory animals has been in a state of anarchy until very recently. In a letter to the editor of LABORATORY ANIMAL CARE (19: 121–123, 1969), Mr. Samuel Poiley outlined the general principles of a system of nomenclature being developed by the Committee on Nomenclature of the ILAR. This journal requires that authors use standard terminology for rats and mice as listed in the ILAR publication ANIMALS FOR RESEARCH. We welcome the following report which represents a system of nomenclature for outbred animals and publish it as a service to the scientific community. Authors of papers submitted to this journal will be expected to identify their animals by this system. We urge the editors of other scientific publications to consider the merits of adopting standard terminology to end the reign of confusion in animal identification.
Which mediated social interactions satisfy the need to belong?
Authors: Hall Jeffrey A , Pennington Natalie , Merolla Andy J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This investigation uses the two-process model of needs to explore differences between face-to-face communication and interpersonal media in terms of belongingness need satisfaction. Using experience sampling methods, Study 1 (N = 117) explored change in feelings of loneliness and connection from interpersonal media use within a day. Study 2 (N = 1,747) examined the association between loneliness and life satisfaction as mediated by patterns of interpersonal media use in the year following the COVID-19 outbreak. Study 3 (N = 303) experimentally manipulated social belonging to examine changes in interpersonal media use and resulting feelings of connection and disconnection. Overall, when individuals were more connected, their behaviors were more consistent with the two-process model, compared to when they felt disconnected. Additionally, although some interpersonal media use was better than no social contact at all, interpersonal media are not equally capable of satisfying belongingness needs.
Premature aging as an accumulation of deficits in young adult survivors of pediatric cancer
Authors: Williams AnnaLynn M , Mandelblatt Jeanne , Wang Mingjuan , Armstrong Gregory T , Bhakta Nickhill , Brinkman Tara M , Chemaitilly Wassim , Ehrhardt Matthew J , Mulrooney Daniel A , Small Brent J , Wang Zhaoming , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L , Hudson Melissa M , Ness Kirsten K , Krull Kevin R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
We aimed to characterize premature aging as an accumulation of deficits in survivors of pediatric cancer compared with community controls and examine associations with host and treatment factors, neurocognition, and mortality.

Methods
Pediatric cancer survivors (n = 4000, median age = 28.6, interquartile range [IQR] = 23-35 years; 20 years postdiagnosis: IQR = 15-27), and community participants without a history of cancer serving as controls (n = 638, median age = 32, IQR = 25-40 years) completed clinical assessments and questionnaires and were followed for mortality through April 30, 2020 (mean [SD] follow-up = 7.0 [3.4] years). A deficit accumulation index (DAI) score was calculated from 44 aging-related items including self-reported daily function, psychosocial symptoms, and health conditions. Items were weighted from 0 (absent) to 1 (present and/or most severe), summed and divided by the total yielding a ratio (higher = more deficits). Scores less than 0.20 are robust, and 0.06 is a clinically meaningful difference. Linear regression compared the DAI in survivors and controls with an age*survivor or control interaction. Logistic regression and Cox-proportional hazards estimated the risk of neurocognitive impairment and death. Models were minimally adjusted for age, sex, and race and ethnicity.

Results
The adjusted mean DAI among survivors at age 30 years was 0.16 corresponding to age 63 years in controls (33 years premature aging; β = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06 to 0.08; P &lt; .001). Cranial and abdominal radiation, alkylators, platinum, and neurosurgery were associated with worse DAI (P ≤ .001). Higher scores were associated with increased risk of neurocognitive impairment in all domains (P &lt; .001) and increased risk of death (DAI = 0.20-0.35, hazard ratio = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.97 to 3.98; DAI ≥ 0.35, hazard ratio = 5.08, 95% CI = 3.52 to 7.34).

Conclusion
Pediatric cancer survivors experience clinically significant premature aging. The DAI may be used to identify survivors at greatest risk of poor health outcomes.
Sampling risk evaluations in tax audits: Some modelling issues
Authors: Lillestøl Jostein 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe context of this article is the use of sample data to support claims of tax evasion at eateries, where the possibilities are overreporting of take-away sales and underreporting of cash payments. Ratios of sales amounts of alternative types are computed from the sample and used as estimates of the true yearly ratios. Decisions are made by comparison with the reported ratios in the taxpayer’s yearly income statement, allowing for sampling risk. To this end, a ‘risk distribution’ is established and its quantiles used as decision limits. There are different ways of doing the calculation and to establish the accompanying risk distribution, among them models based on Gamma-assumptions, as detailed in Lillestøl (2019, Sample Statistics as Convincing Evidence: A Tax Fraud Case. Law, Probability and Risk, 10, 149–176). They may lead to different results, more or less favourable to the taxpayer. The chosen method must therefore be fair and defensible. In this connection, the question of conditioning turns out to be relevant. The objective of this article is to explore these issues and provide some recommendations on the choice of method.
Inequality by design: The politics behind forced migrants’ access to healthcare
Authors: Roos Mechthild 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When a system comes under strain, the persons most likely to suffer from the repercussions are those at and beyond its margins, as the age-old rule ‘Help yourself before helping others’ typically guides crisis management within the system. Similar behavioural patterns on the side of policy-makers have left a distinct mark on the healthcare rights of forced migrants in the context and aftermath of the so-called ‘migration crisis’ of 2015–2016, as this article demonstrates. Following the crisis, this group of persons, who are traditionally situated at the margins of society already, have been pushed further outside social and healthcare systems through increasingly restrictive incorporation policies across Europe. By analysing recent legislative reforms in four countries (Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the UK) which stood out in various ways during the crisis, this article sheds light on the increasing politicisation and polarisation of the intersection of incorporation and healthcare. It shows that the crisis induced similar responses of legal adaptation in countries with fundamentally different healthcare and incorporation systems, and analyses the dynamics behind such processes of change. The article thereby contributes to a better understanding of healthcare legislation as a reflection of political opposition to or acceptance (if not fuelling) of societal inequalities.
Military Medical Provider Perspectives During the New York COVID-19 Response
Authors: Tilley Laura , Schuler Keke , Cole Rebekah , Fahlsing Christopher , Rudinsky Sherri , Peters Sidney , Goolsby Craig 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in New York City (NYC) included unprecedented support from the DoD—a response limited primarily to medical and public health response on domestic soil with intact infrastructure. This study seeks to identify the common perspectives, experiences, and challenges of DoD personnel participating in this historic response.

Materials and Methods
This is a phenomenological qualitative study of 16 military health care providers who deployed to NYC in March 2020. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the USU (No. DBS.2020.123). All participants served on either the United States Naval Ship Comfort or at the Javits Center. We conducted semi-structured interviews exploring the participants’ experiences while deployed to NYC. These interview scripts were then independently coded by five research team members.

Results
We identified four common themes and 12 subthemes from the participants’ responses. The themes (subthemes) were lack of preparation (unfamiliar mission and inadequate resources); confusion about integration with civilian health care (widespread, dynamic situation, and NYC overwhelmed), communication challenges (overall, misunderstanding and miscommunication resulting in tension, and patient handoffs); and adaptation and success (general, military–civilian liaison service, positive experience, and military support necessity).

Conclusions
This study provides unique insight into the DoD’s initial response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in NYC. Using this experiential feedback from the DoD’s pandemic responders could aid planners in improving the rapidity, effectiveness, and safety of military and civilian health care system integrations that may arise in the future.