bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus on Child, Caregiver, and Family Quality of Life in the United States: Systematic Literature Review and Analysis
Authors: Glaser Elizabeth L , Hariharan Dhwani , Bowser Diana M , Gervasio Raíssa M , Rowlands Katharine R , Buckley Lauren , Nelson Christopher B , Shepard Donald S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in US children, reduces quality of life (QOL) of children, their caregivers, and families.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed, EconLit, and other databases in the United States of articles published since 2000, derived utility lost per RSV episode from cohort studies, and performed a systematic analysis.

Results
From 2262 unique citations, 35 received full-text review and 7 met the inclusion criteria (2 cohort studies, 4 modeling studies, and 1 synthesis). Pooled data from the 2 cohort studies (both containing only hospitalized premature infants) gave quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) losses per episode of 0.0173 at day 38. From the cohort study that also assessed caregivers' QOL, we calculated net QALYs lost directly attributable to RSV per nonfatal episode from onset to 60 days after onset for the child, caregiver, child-and-caregiver dyad of 0.0169 (167% over prematurity alone), 0.0031, and 0.0200, respectively.

Conclusion
Published data on QOL of children in the United States with RSV are scarce and consider only premature hospitalized infants, whereas most RSV episodes occur in children who were born at term and were otherwise healthy. QOL studies are needed beyond hospitalized premature infants.
Arabidopsis TWISTED DWARF1 regulates stamen elongation by differential activation of ABCB1,19-mediated auxin transport
Authors: Liu Jie , Ghelli Roberta , Cardarelli Maura , Geisler Markus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Despite clear evidence that a local accumulation of auxin is likewise critical for male fertility, much less is known about the components that regulate auxin-controlled stamen development. In this study, we analyzed physiological and morphological parameters in mutants of key players of ABCB-mediated auxin transport, and spatially and temporally dissected their expression on the protein level as well as auxin fluxes in the Arabidopsis stamens. Our analyses revealed that the FKBP42, TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1), promotes stamen elongation and, to a lesser extent, anther dehiscence, as well as pollen maturation, and thus is required for seed development. Most of the described developmental defects in twd1 are shared with the abcb1 abcb19 mutant, which can be attributed to the fact that TWD1—as a described ABCB chaperone—is a positive regulator of ABCB1- and ABCB19-mediated auxin transport. However, reduced stamen number was dependent on TWD1 but not on investigated ABCBs, suggesting additional players downstream of TWD1. We predict an overall housekeeping function for ABCB1 during earlier stages, while ABCB19 seems to be responsible for the key event of rapid elongation at later stages of stamen development. Our data indicate that TWD1 controls stamen development by differential activation of ABCB1,19-mediated auxin transport in the stamen.
From fruit growth to ripening in plantain: a careful balance between carbohydrate synthesis and breakdown
Authors: Campos Nadia A , Colombié Sophie , Moing Annick , Cassan Cedric , Amah Delphine , Swennen Rony , Gibon Yves , Carpentier Sebastien C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate for the first time different fruit development stages in plantain banana in order gain insights into the order of appearance and dominance of specific enzymes and fluxes. We examined fruit development in two plantain banana cultivars during the period between 2–12 weeks after bunch emergence using high-throughput proteomics, quantification of major metabolites, and analyses of metabolic fluxes. Starch synthesis and breakdown are processes that take place simultaneously. During the first 10 weeks fruits accumulated up to 48% of their dry weight as starch, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose were important precursors. We found a unique amyloplast transporter and hypothesize that it facilitates the import of fructose. We identified an invertase originating from the Musa balbisiana genome that would enable carbon flow back to growth and starch synthesis and maintain a high starch content even during ripening. Enzymes associated with the initiation of ripening were involved in ethylene and auxin metabolism, starch breakdown, pulp softening, and ascorbate biosynthesis. The initiation of ripening was cultivar specific, with faster initiation being particularly linked to the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase and 4-alpha glucanotransferase disproportionating enzymes. Information of this kind is fundamental to determining the optimal time for picking the fruit in order to reduce post-harvest losses, and has potential applications for breeding to improve fruit quality.
NGC 5236’s stars as tracers of arms and arm widths in spiral galaxies
Authors: Silva-Villa E , Cano Gómez X 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Generally, identifying the spiral arms of a spiral galaxy is not a hard task. However, defining the main characteristics, width, and length of those structure is not a common task. Previous studies have used different tracers: star clusters, massers, H α. It was until recently that individual stars were used as tracers of spiral structures. The basic method of measuring the width of spiral arms assumes a Gaussian distribution around the mean concentration, either of gas or other tracer. In this work, we use NGC 5236’s stars as tracers. We estimated the surface stellar density of arms and interarm regions to measure the width of the arms. As a test case, this work focused on NGC 5236 (M83). We find that field stellar populations can trace the (two) main spiral arms of NGC 5236. We find a correlation between the arm width and the Galactocentric radii, found using other tracers. The slope of the growth of the width of the arm correlates with the morphological types of spiral galaxies. A second finding of our study suggest the possible correlation between the width of the arms and the corotation radius, result that will be presented in a follow-up paper.
Unveiling the outer dust disc of TW Hya with deep ALMA observations
Authors: Ilee John D , Walsh Catherine , Jennings Jeff , Booth Richard A , Rosotti Giovanni P , Teague Richard , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Nomura Hideko 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The radial extent of millimetre dust in protoplanetary discs is often far smaller than that of their gas, mostly due to processes such as dust growth and radial drift. However, it has been suggested that current millimetre continuum observations of discs do not trace their full extent due to limited sensitivity. In this letter, we present deep (19 $\mu$Jy beam−1) moderate resolution (0.37 arcsec) ALMA observations at 1 mm of the nearest protoplanetary disc, TW Hya. Using the visibility analysis tool frank, we reveal a structured millimetre intensity distribution out to 100 au, well beyond previous estimates of 60–70 au. Our analysis suggests the presence of a new millimetre continuum gap at 82 au, coincident with similar features seen in optical/near-infrared scattered light and millimetre molecular line observations. Examination of the fit residuals confirms the presence of the previously reported au-scale continuum excess at 52 au (P.A. = 242.5°). Our results demonstrate the utility of combining deep, moderate-resolution observations with super-resolution analysis techniques to probe the faintest regions of protoplanetary discs.
PRD-Class Homeobox Genes in Bovine Early Embryos: Function, Evolution, and Overlapping Roles
Authors: Lewin Thomas D. , Fouladi-Nashta Ali A. , Holland Peter W.H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEutherian Totipotent Cell Homeobox (ETCHbox) genes are mammalian-specific PRD-class homeobox genes with conserved expression in the preimplantation embryo but fast-evolving and highly divergent sequences. Here, we exploit an ectopic expression approach to examine the role of bovine ETCHbox genes and show that ARGFX and LEUTX homeodomain proteins upregulate genes normally expressed in the blastocyst; the identities of the regulated genes suggest that, in vivo, the ETCHbox genes play a role in coordinating the physical formation of the blastocyst structure. Both genes also downregulate genes expressed earlier during development and genes associated with an undifferentiated cell state, possibly via the JAK/STAT pathway. We find evidence that bovine ARGFX and LEUTX have overlapping functions, in contrast to their antagonistic roles in humans. Finally, we characterize a mutant bovine ARGFX allele which eliminates the homeodomain and show that homozygous mutants are viable. These data support the hypothesis of functional overlap between ETCHbox genes within a species, roles for ETCHbox genes in blastocyst formation and the change of their functions over evolutionary time.
Intravenous sodium thiosulphate for vascular calcification of hemodialysis patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Wen , Portales-Castillo Ignacio , Seethapathy Rituvanthikaa , Krinsky Scott , Kroshinsky Daniela , Kalim Sahir , Goverman Jeremy , Nazarian Rosalynn M , Chitalia Vipul , Malhotra Rajeev , Kramann Rafael , Malhotra Cindy K , Nigwekar Sagar U 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundVascular calcification (VC) is a common comorbidity among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), indicating major cardiovascular events. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and safety of intravenous sodium thiosulphate (STS) for VC in CKD patients.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for clinical trials that provided data comparing outcomes among patients treated with and without STS. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Efficacy was assessed using calcification scores and arterial stiffness. Safety was examined by analyzing adverse symptoms, electrolytes and bone mineral density (BMD). Random-effects models were performed. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were done. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tools.ResultsAmong the 5601 publications, 6 studies involving 305 participants (mean age: 56 years, male: 56.6%) with all participants on maintenance hemodialysis met eligibility criteria. For efficacy, the progression in Agatston scores in the coronary arteries [107 patients, mean difference (MD): −241.27, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −421.50 to −61.03] and iliac arteries (55 patients, MD: −382.00, 95% CI: −751.07 to −12.93) was lower in the STS treated group compared with controls. The increase in pulse wave velocity was lower in the STS group (104 patients, MD: −1.29 m/s, 95% CI: −2.24 to −0.34 m/s). No association was found between the change in calcification scores and STS regimen. For safety, gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. nausea) and increased anion gap acidosis were noted. No reduction in BMD by STS was observed.ConclusionsIntravenous STS may attenuate the progression of VC and arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients. Large and well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Function of Rice High-Affinity Potassium Transporters in Pollen Development and Fertility
Authors: Li Weihong , Li Mengqi , Li Shen , Zhang Yanfan , Li Xin , Xu Guohua , Yu Ling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlant High-affinity K+ transporters/K+ uptake permeases/K+ transporters (HAK/KUP/KT) transporters have been predicted as membrane H+-K+ symporters in facilitating K+ uptake and distribution, while their role in seed production remains to be elucidated. In this study, we report that OsHAK26 is preferentially expressed in anthers and seed husks and located in the Golgi apparatus. Knockout of either OsHAK26 or plasma membrane located H+-K+ symporter gene OsHAK1 or OsHAK5 in both Nipponbare and Dongjin cultivars caused distorted anthers, reduced number and germination rate of pollen grains. Seed-setting rate assay by reciprocal cross-pollination between the mutants of oshak26, oshak1, oshak5 and their wild types confirmed that each HAK transporter is foremost for pollen viability, seed-setting and grain yield. Intriguingly, the pollens of oshak26 showed much thinner wall and were more vulnerable to desiccation than those of oshak1 or oshak5. In vitro assay revealed that the pollen germination rate of oshak5 was dramatically affected by external K+ concentration. The results suggest that the role of OsHAK26 in maintaining pollen development and fertility may relate to its proper cargo sorting for construction of pollen walls, while the role of OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 in maintaining seed production likely relates to their transcellular K+ transport activity.
Preferred Self-Administered Questionnaires to Assess Resilience, Optimism, Pain Acceptance, and Social Support in People with Pain: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Schroeter Andrea C , MacDonald David A , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolyne G M , Goubert Liesbet , Kendall Elizabeth , Coppieters Michel W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The plethora of self-administered questionnaires to assess positive psychosocial factors complicates questionnaire selection. This study aimed to identify and reach consensus on the most suitable self-administered questionnaires to assess resilience, optimism, pain acceptance and social support in people with pain.

Design
A three-round modified Delphi study.

Participants
Forty international experts.

Methods
In Round 1, the experts suggested questionnaires deemed appropriate to assess resilience, optimism, pain acceptance and/or social support. In Round 2, experts indicated whether they considered the suggested questionnaires to be suitable (Yes/No/Don’t know) to assess these psychosocial factors, taking into consideration content, feasibility, personal experience and the measurement properties which we provided for each questionnaire. Questionnaires that were considered suitable by the majority of experts (≥60%) were retained for Round 3. In Round 3, the suitability of each questionnaire was rated on a 0–10 Likert scale. Consensus was reached if ≥75% of experts rated the questionnaire ≥7.

Results
From the 67 questionnaires suggested in Round 1, one questionnaire could be recommended per domain. For resilience: Pain Resilience Scale; for optimism: Revised Version of the Life Orientation Test; for pain acceptance: 8-item and Revised Versions of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; for social support: Emotional Support Item Bank of the PROMIS tool. Consensus for these questionnaires was also reached in a sensitivity analysis which excluded the ratings of experts involved in the development, translation and/or validation of relevant questionnaires.

Conclusion
We advocate the use of these recommended questionnaires so data can be compared and pooled more easily.
Credit Union and Bank Subprime Lending in the Great Recession
Authors: Li Kangli , van Rijn Jordan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Firm structure affects incentives and performance. We document significant differences in subprime lending between banks and credit unions prior to and during the Great Recession. In 2006, 23.6% of mortgages from commercial banks were subprime versus only 3.6% of mortgages from credit unions. Moreover, banks were more likely to fail, and had higher delinquency and net charge-off ratios immediately following the financial crisis. Our empirical models control for important differences between credit unions and banks including firm-level characteristics, borrower-level characteristics, and state-level economic conditions. We argue that the remaining difference captures the effects of credit unions’ nonprofit and cooperative structure, which encourages them to internalize the utility of their customer-owners. Our findings explain why credit unions often appear more risk averse relative to commercial banks, a result with important research and policy implications. (JEL G12, G31)
Worse outcomes linked to ethnicity for early inflammatory arthritis in England and Wales: a national cohort study
Authors: Adas Maryam A , Norton Sam , Balachandran Sathiyaa , Alveyn Edward , Russell Mark D , Esterine Thomas , Amlani-Hatcher Paul , Oyebanjo Sarah , Lempp Heidi , Ledingham Joanna , Kumar Kanta , Galloway James B , Dubey Shirish 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess variability in care quality and treatment outcomes across ethnicities in early inflammatory arthritis (EIA).

Methods
We conducted an observational cohort study in England and Wales from May 2018 to March 2020, including patients with a suspected/confirmed EIA diagnosis. Care quality was assessed against six metrics defined by national guidelines. Clinical outcomes were measured using DAS28. Outcomes between ethnic groups (‘White’, ‘Black’, ‘Asian’, ‘Mixed’, ‘Other’) were compared, and adjusted for confounders.

Results
A total of 35 807 eligible patients were analysed. Of those, 30 643 (85.6%) were White and 5164 (14.6%) were from ethnic minorities: 1035 (2.8%) Black; 2617 (7.3%) Asian; 238 (0.6%) Mixed; 1274 (3.5%) Other. In total, 12 955 patients had confirmed EIA, of whom 11 315 were White and 1640 were from ethnic minorities: 314 (2.4%) Black; 927 (7.1%) Asian; 70 (0.5%) Mixed; 329 (2.5%) Other. A total of 14 803 patients were assessed by rheumatology within three weeks, and 5642 started treatment within six weeks of referral. There were no significant differences by ethnicity. Ethnic minority patients had lower odds of disease remission at three months [adjusted odds ratio 0.79 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.96)] relative to White patients. Ethnic minorities were significantly less likely to receive initial treatment withMTX[0.68 (0.52, 0.90)] or with glucocorticoids [0.63 (0.49, 0.80)].

Conclusion
We demonstrate that some ethnic minorities are less likely to achieve disease remission in three months following EIA diagnosis. This is not explained by delays in referral or time to treatment. Our data highlight the need for investigation into the possible drivers of these inequitable outcomes and reappraisal of EIA management pathways.
Isorhamnetin: a flavonoid, attenuated doxorubicin-induced testicular injury via regulation of steroidogenic enzymes and apoptotic signaling gene expression in male rats
Authors: Mustafa Shama , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , ul Ain Qurat , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Shafique Huma , Razak Suhail 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Male reproductive damage is one of the most adverse side effects of doxorubicin (DOX). Isorhamnetin is a natural flavonoid, which displays remarkable antioxidant potential.

Objective
The current research was designed to assess the protective effects of Isorhamnetin against DOX-instigated testicular damages.

Methods
Adult male Wistar rats (n=32) were divided into 4 groups: control, DOX (3 mg/kg i.p. 3 doses each after 1 week), DOX + Isorhamnetin (3 mg/kg 3 doses each after 1 week +10 mg/kg i.p. daily for 28 days, respectively), and Isorhamnetin (10 mg/kg i.p. per day). After 28 days of treatment, biochemical, spermatogenic, steroidogenic, hormonal, proapoptotic, antiapoptotic, and histopathological parameters were estimated.

Results
DOX exposure significantly decreased the activity of acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, DOX substantially decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase along with protein content, whereas it increased the malondialdehyde level. It also reduced sperm progressive motility, viability, the number of hypoosmotic tail swelled spermatozoa, and epididymis sperm count and increased the sperm morphological anomalies (head, midpiece, and tail). Besides, it decreased the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and plasma testosterone and lowered the expression of steroidogenic enzymes (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) and testicular antiapoptotic marker (B-cell lymphoma 2) but increased the expression of proapoptotic markers (BCL2-associated X protein and caspase-3) along with histopathological impairments. However, isorhamnetin prevented all the damages caused by DOX.

Conclusion
Conclusively, Isorhamnetin can be used as a powerful mitigating agent to avert DOX-induced testicular damages.
The Association Between Sexual Orientation, BMI, Obesity Diagnosis, and Provider Recommendation for Weight Management
Authors: Wolfgang Kristen M. , Takeshita Junko , Fitzsimmons Robert , Guerra Carmen E. 
Published: May 2022

(Abstracted from BMC Womens Health 2022;22(1):19)
Previous studies indicate that lesbian and bisexual (LB) females are more likely to be obese than straight females. Little is known, however, about whether provider diagnosis and recommendation for weight management vary across these populations.
Evaluation of Changes in Grams of Sugar Sold After the Implementation of the Seattle Sweetened Beverage Tax
Authors: Powell Lisa M. , Leider Julien , Oddo Vanessa M. 
Published: May 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2021;4(11):e2132271)
Despite the robust association between added sugars, including those from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and poor dental health, more than 50% of adults and 65% of children exceed recommended intake. Reducing consumption of added sugars is a key goal for Healthy People 2030, and taxation of SSBs is increasingly being used to accomplish this.
Evaluation of the Virtual Interview Format for Resident Recruitment as a Result of COVID-19 Restrictions: Residency Program Directors’ Perspectives
Authors: Ponterio Jane M. , Levy Lior , Lakhi Nisha A. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, residency programs could not conduct in-person interviews during the 2020–2021 Match cycle and were forced to implement a virtual format. The authors conducted a nationwide survey of residency program directors (PDs) to assess their confidence in using a virtual platform to holistically evaluate applicants during the 2020–2021 Match cycle and their desire to continue virtual recruitment during forthcoming interview seasons.

Method
This prospective study was conducted by email questionnaire administered through the survey tool Survey Monkey to residency PDs from March 7, 2021–March 27, 2021. The residency PDs surveyed represented these subspecialties: internal medicine, general surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and other. Email addresses of PDs were collected from a public list developed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Surveys contained demographic questions, 4-point Likert scale questions evaluating several factors regarding the interview and matching process, and free-response questions.

Results
A total of 463 surveys were sent; response rate was 402 /463 (86.8%). Most PDs were less confident assessing an applicant’s interpersonal skills (247, 61.4%) and professionalism (239, 59.5%) using a virtual platform. Assessment of an applicant’s “fit” into the program was also challenging: 44.3% (178) of those surveyed disagreed with the statement that they could do so confidently. Additionally, 73.9% (297) of PDs found it challenging to gauge an applicant’s genuine interest and only 41.3% (166) strongly agreed or agreed that they could accurately represent their own program using a virtual platform. More than half of PDs (220, 54. 7%) found it more difficult to rank interviewees compared with previous in-person Match cycles.

Conclusions
Most residency PDs found virtual interviews convenient. However, difficulties in assessing fit virtually, gauging applicants’ interest, and showcasing their respective programs were challenges that may persist should virtual interviews continue post-pandemic.