bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marwa Karol , Kapesa Anthony , Baraka Vito , Konje Evelyne , Kidenya Benson , Mukonzo Jackson , Kamugisha Erasmus , Swedberg Gote 
Published: March 2022

Background
Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest burden of malaria in the world. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have been the cornerstone in the efforts to reduce the global burden of malaria. In the effort to facilitate early detection of resistance for artemisinin derivatives and partner drugs, WHO recommends monitoring of ACT’s efficacy in the malaria endemic countries. The present systematic meta-analysis study summarises the evidence of therapeutic efficacy of the commonly used artemisinin-based combinations for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa after more than a decade since the introduction of the drugs.

Methods
Fifty two studies carried out from 2010 to 2020 on the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine or dihydro-artemisinin piperaquine or artesunate amodiaquine in patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa were searched for using the Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Medline, LILACS, and EMBASE online data bases. Data was extracted by two independent reviewers. Random analysis effect was performed in STATA 13. Heterogeneity was established using I2 statistics.

Results
Based on per protocol analysis, unadjusted cure rates in malaria infected patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine (ALU), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) were 89%, 94% and 91% respectively. However, the cure rates after PCR correction were 98% for ALU, 99% for ASAQ and 99% for DHP.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis reports the overall high malaria treatment success for artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine above the WHO threshold value in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Cortical and medullary oxygenation evaluation of kidneys with renal artery stenosis by BOLD-MRI
Authors: Zhao Long , Li Guoqi , Meng Fanyu , Sun Zhonghua , Liu Jiayi 
Published: March 2022

AimBlood oxygen level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) can measure deoxyhemoglobin content. This study aims to evaluate the capacity of BOLD-MRI, which is possible to evaluate the oxygenation state of kidneys with renal artery stenosis (RAS).Materials and methodsWe performed BOLD-MRI for 40 patients with RAS and for 30 healthy volunteers. We then performed post-scan processing and analysis of manually drawn regions of interest to determine R2* values (relaxation rates) for the renal cortex and medulla. We compared R2* values in patients with RAS with those in the control group, and also compared these values for subgroups with varying degrees of stenosis.ResultsMedulla R2* values were higher than cortex R2* values in the control group. There was no significant difference in R2* values for different segments (upper, middle, lower) of the kidneys. Both cortex and medulla R2* values in patients with RAS were significantly higher than corresponding R2* values in the control group (P< 0.05), and BOLD-MRI was more sensitive to changes in the R2* values in the medulla than in the cortex. Among different subgroups in the RAS group, the medulla R2* values were significantly higher in kidneys with severe stenosis than in those with no obvious obstruction, mild stenosis, or moderate stenosis (P< 0.05).ConclusionBOLD-MRI is an effective, noninvasive method for evaluating kidney oxygenation, which is important for proper treatment in RAS. It is sufficiently sensitive for detecting medulla ischemia and anoxia of the kidneys.
Quality of life and cognitive assessment in healthy older Asian people with early and moderate chronic kidney disease: The NAHSIT 2013–2016 and validation study
Authors: Lin Sheng-Feng , Fan Yen-Chun , Kuo Tzu-Tung , Pan Wen-Harn , Bai Chyi-Huey 
Published: March 2022

Background
Taiwan has the highest prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Impaired cognition and quality of life are significant phenomena in the late stages of CKD. We sought to obtain an overview and the attributable effect of impaired glomerular filtration on multiple domains in cognition and dimensions of quality of life for community-based healthy older adults in Taiwan.

Methods
The study was derived from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2013–2016, a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted to sample healthy, community-based older adults aged ≥65 years in Taiwan. Participants were categorized into four CKD groups: CKD stage 1, stage 2, stages 3a and 3b, and stages 4–5. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the QoL questionnaire derived from the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) were measured. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and principal component regressions were employed for the analysis and validation, respectively.

Results
Participants with moderate CKD (stages 3a and 3b) showed deficits in global MMSE, domain orientation to time, calculation, complex commands, and role-physical and vitality in QoL questionnaires. In GLMMs, impaired eGFR per 30 mL/min/1.73 m² was associated with lower global MMSE scores (β = -0.807, standard error [SE] = 0.235, P = 0.0007), domain orientation to time (β = -0.155, SE = 0.047, P = 0.0011), calculation (β = -0.338, SE = 0.109, P = 0.0020), complex commands (β = -0.156, SE = 0.079, P = 0.0494), and role-physical (β = -2.219, SE = 0.779, P = 0.0046) dimensions of QoL.

Conclusions
Elderly Han Chinese adults with moderately impaired renal filtration could manifest cognitive deficits in orientation to time, calculation, and impaired quality of life in physical role functioning.
Development of a predictive model for vitamin D deficiency based on the vitamin D status in young Japanese women: A study protocol
Authors: Kuwabara Akiko , Nakatani Eiji , Tsugawa Naoko , Nakajima Hideaki , Sasaki Satoshi , Kohno Kenichi , Uenishi Kazuhiro , Takenaka Masaru , Takahashi Kyoko , Maeta Akihiro , Sera Nobuko , Kaimoto Kaori , Iwamoto Masako , Kawate Hisaya , Yoshida Mayumi , Tanaka Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2022

Background
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with an increased risk for lifestyle-related diseases. In Japan, VDD is quite prevalent in all age groups, with its high risk in young women. Furthermore, its association during pregnancy with gestational hypertension and low birth weight has also been reported. VDD can be diagnosed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, which, however, is not suited for screening. Therefore, we will create a predictive model for serum 25(OH)D concentration and prevalence of VDD based on such data as region, sun exposure habit, and vitamin D intake in young women.

Methods
From 2020 to 2022, we conduct a cross-sectional study of 600 young women in four regions of Japan, identify the indices associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as sun exposure habits, habitual vitamin D intake, ultraviolet-B irradiation, seasons (summer and winter) and latitude, and construct prediction models for serum 25(OH)D concentrations and VDD risk. This study has been registered with UMIN-CTR (ID: UMIN000041527).

Results
One hundred and fifteen subjects have been collected from 6 institutions in winter as of May 2021. When data from more than 200 subjects have become available, we will conduct the interim analysis, summarize the data by region and facility, review the inclusion criteria for analysis, and check for missing values and outliers. Prediction models for serum 25(OH)D concentration and VDD will be determined in the final analysis when all cases have been collected.

Conclusions
A screening tool for VDD risk to be developed in our study based on the predictive model would help the public and medical professionals prevent lifestyle-related diseases through improving VDD. Additionally, the results may serve as the scientific basis for determining the appropriate vitamin D intake and sun exposure standards.
Impact of military training stress on hormone response and recovery
Authors: Tait Jamie L. , Drain Jace R. , Corrigan Sean L. , Drake Jeremy M. , Main Luana C. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Military personnel are required to train and operate in challenging multi-stressor environments, which can affect hormonal levels, and subsequently compromise performance and recovery. The aims of this project were to 1) assess the impact of an eight-day military training exercise on salivary cortisol and testosterone, 2) track the recovery of these hormones during a period of reduced training.

Methods
This was a prospective study whereby 30 soldiers (n = 27 men, n = 3 women) undergoing the Australian Army combat engineer ‘Initial Employment Training’ course were recruited and tracked over a 16-day study period which included an eight-day military training exercise. Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected at waking, 30 min post waking, and bedtime on days 1, 5, 9, 13, 15; measures of subjective load were collected on the same days. Sleep was measured continuously via actigraphy, across four sequential study periods; 1) baseline (PRE: days 1–4), 2) field training with total sleep deprivation (EX-FIELD: days 5–8), 3) training at simulated base camp with sleep restriction (EX-BASE: days 9–12), and 4) a three-day recovery period (REC: days 13–15).

Results
Morning cortisol concentrations were lower following EX-FIELD (p<0.05) compared to the end of REC. Training in the field diminished testosterone concentrations (p<0.05), but levels recovered within four days. Bedtime testosterone/cortisol ratios decreased following EX-FIELD and did not return to pre-training levels.

Conclusions
The sensitivity of testosterone levels and the testosterone/cortisol ratio to the period of field training suggests they may be useful indicators of a soldier’s state of physiological strain, or capacity, however inter-individual differences in response to a multi-stressor environment need to be considered.
Impact of history of mental disorders on short-term mortality among hospitalized patients with sepsis: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Oud Lavi , Garza John 
Published: March 2022

Background
Mental disorders are associated with markedly reduced life expectancy, in part due to an increased risk of death due to infection, likely reflecting sepsis-associated mortality. Patients with mental disorders are at an increased risk of sepsis, but data on the prognostic impact of mental disorders in sepsis are sparse, showing conflicting findings.

Methods
We used statewide data to identify hospitalizations aged ≥18 years with sepsis in Texas during 2014–2017. Mental disorders, including mood, anxiety, psychosis, and personality disorders were identified using Clinical Classification Software codes. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression with propensity adjustment (primary model), with propensity score matching, and multivariable logistic regression as alternative models, were used to estimate the association between mental disorders and short-term mortality (defined as in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice). Additional models were fitted for sensitivity analyses and to estimate the prognostic associations of individual categories of mental disorders.

Results
Among 283,025 hospitalizations with sepsis, 56,904 (20.1%) had mental disorders. Hospitalizations with vs without mental disorders were younger (age 18–44 years 12.2% vs 10.6%), more commonly white (61.0% vs 49.8%), with lower burden of comorbidities (mean [SD] Deyo comorbidity index 2.53 [2.27] vs 2.73 [2.47]), and with lower need for organ support (mechanical ventilation 32.8% vs 36.0%); p<0.0001 for all comparisons. Crude short-term mortality among sepsis hospitalizations with and without mental disorders was 25.0% vs 32.8%, respectively. On adjusted analyses, mental disorders remained associated with lower odds of short-term mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.792 [95% CI 0.772–0.812]). This finding was consistent on the alternative modeling approaches, sensitivity analyses, and examination of individual categories of mental disorders.

Conclusions
Mental disorders were associated, unexpectedly, with markedly lower risk of short-term mortality in sepsis. Further studies to examine the mechanisms underlying these findings may inform future efforts to improve sepsis outcomes.
Behavioral Patterns Inventory: A reliability and validity study
Authors: Başhan İbrahim , Selvi Hüseyin , Özdemir Asena Ayça 
Published: March 2022

Aim: There are many studies concerning behavioral models, to the best of our knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the field of medical education. To fill this gap and contribute to education and academic literature, we aimed to develop a valid, reliable and easily accessible perceived behavior patterns inventory.
Methods: Data were collected from 851 medical students using an inventory form. The inventory developed consisted of a total of four scales reflecting the behavioral patterns. 109 items were created for the scales. The items in the inventory form were scored based on a five-point Likert-scale. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted separately for each scale. The construct validity of the scales was examined using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and their reliability was examined with the alpha reliability coefficient.
Findings: The calculated alpha reliability values of the scales ranged between 0.71 and 0.79, and the variance rates were between 44.638 and 55.374. These values are acceptable and appropriate to the previously determined standards.
Conclusions: Findings obtained from the reliability study and factor analysis show that the developed inventory is reliable and valid for behavioral structures.
On reference trajectory generation for overhead crane travel movements
Authors: Wahrburg Arne , Jurvanen Janne , Niemelä Matias , Holmberg Mikael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Input shaping is a well-established approach for suppressing oscillations in systems with flexible modes. When applying input shaping, it is common to assume the system to be at rest initially, i. e., the initial conditions of the oscillatory part of the system have to be at zero. In this paper, we propose a method that allows relaxing the aforementioned assumption for a large class of input signals. The approach relies on the standard input shaper structure but re-parameterizes the shaper such that non-zero initial conditions are cancelled out by the inputs, resulting in zero residual oscillation. Natural physical limitations of the concept are discussed and the application to overhead cranes is presented. The method is validated both in simulation as well as in experiments using a small scale crane. In addition, a simplified trajectory generator is presented that tailors a standard seven-segment jerk-limited motion profile such that zero residual vibrations are achieved without any dedicated input shaping.
Bioactive triterpenoids from Indonesian medicinal plant Syzygium aqueum
Authors: Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Aung Ei Ei , Aminah Nanik Siti , Takaya Yoshiaki , Aung Hnin Thanda , Ramadhan Rico 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large common species, Syzygium aqueum, belonging to the genus Syzygium possesses numerous bioactive phytochemical constituents. Moreover, the different parts of this species have been used as folk medicine since centuries ago. In this study, a phytochemical exploration was carried out on the plant’s stem bark. Isolation of the compounds was carried out through the extraction step with some organic solvents, followed by separation and purification using chromatography techniques until the two triterpenoids were isolated from nonpolar and semipolar extracts. Structure elucidation was done using spectroscopic methods. These compounds were identified as alphitolic acid and arjunolic acid. Subsequently, these two compounds were used in anticancer tests against human cancer cells HeLa, T47D, and A549 using colorimetric assay. The result showed that both compounds showed more inhibition of the growth of HeLa and T47D than A549 cancer cells, with the highest activity shown by arjunolic acid against HeLa cell lines.
An effective integrated machine learning approach for detecting diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Pragathi Penikalapati , Nagaraja Rao Agastyaraju 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Millions of people across the world are suffering from diabetic retinopathy. This disease majorly affects the retina of the eye, and if not identified priorly causes permanent blindness. Hence, detecting diabetic retinopathy at an early stage is very important to safeguard people from blindness. Several machine learning (ML) algorithms are implemented on the dataset of diabetic retinopathy available in the UCI ML repository to detect the symptoms of diabetic retinopathy. But, most of those algorithms are implemented individually. Hence, this article proposes an effective integrated ML approach that uses the support vector machine (SVM), principal component analysis (PCA), and moth-flame optimization techniques. Initially, the ML algorithms decision tree (DT), SVM, random forest (RF), and Naïve Bayes (NB) are applied to the diabetic retinopathy dataset. Among these, the SVM algorithm is outperformed with an average of 76.96% performance. Later, all the aforementioned ML algorithms are implemented by integrating the PCA technique to reduce the dimensions of the dataset. After integrating PCA, it is noticed that the performance of the algorithms NB, RF, and SVM is reduced dramatically; on the contrary, the performance of DT is increased. To improve the performance of ML algorithms, the moth-flame optimization technique is integrated with SVM and PCA. This proposed approach is outperformed with an average of 85.61% performance among all the other considered ML algorithms, and the classification of class labels is achieved correctly.
On 𝑆-weakly prime ideals of commutative rings
Authors: Mahdou Najib , Moutui Moutu Abdou Salam , Zahir Youssef 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and study the notion of an 𝑆-weakly prime ideal which is a generalization of a weakly prime ideal.
Let 𝐴 be a commutative ring and 𝑆 a multiplicative set of 𝐴.
We define a proper ideal 𝑃 of 𝐴 to be 𝑆-weakly prime if there exists

s
∈
S

s\in S

such that, for all

a
,
b

∈
A

a,b\in A

with

0
≠

a
⁢
b

∈
P

0\neq ab\in P

, then

s
⁢
a

∈
P

sa\in P

or

s
⁢
b

∈
P

sb\in P

.
We describe the behavior of an 𝑆-weakly prime property across various ring-theoretic constructions such as direct product, homomorphic image, localization, trivial ring extensions and amalgamation rings.
Straightforward route for terbium oxide powders: synthesis, morphology, and microstructural parameters
Authors: Ünal Fatma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The goals of this study lie in the endeavour to synthesise terbium oxide powders, calculation of the average crystallite size, lattice parameter, lattice strain and dislocation density by using X-ray diffraction peak broadenings and, particularly, examination of the effects of precursor molarity on morphology, microstructural parameters and crystal imperfections. The X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that the powders had pure cubic bixbyite body-centred phase with high crystallinity. The crystallite size values varied between 21.05 and 31.45 nm depending on both precursor molarity and four different calculation methods, i.e. Debye–Scherrer, modified Debye–Scherrer, Williamson–Hall and Halder–Wagner methods. It was found that regardless of the calculation method, there was a positive relationship between the average crystallite size values and the precursor molarity, and it was concluded that the crystallinity was improved. The lattice strain values calculated by both the Williamson–Hall analysis integrated with the uniform deformation model and the Halder–Wagner methods showed that the tensile stress in the structure became more effective with increasing precursor molarity. The lattice strain values calculated using the Halder–Wagner method were approximately 10 times higher than those of the Williamson–Hall method because of reflections at low and mid angles in X-ray diffraction data. The dislocation density values calculated using the Williamson–Smallman method demonstrated that a decrease in crystal defects occurred with increasing molarity, that is, the crystallinity was enhanced. The presence of Tb–O bonds was proved by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showing that terbium carbonate powders were converted into terbium oxide by the calcination process. A nearly round morphology of produced terbium oxide powders were clearly shown in scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. Increasing positive tensile stress in the lattice increased the particle size and changed the powder morphology from agglomerated nearly round grains to rod-like bundles.
Effective factors and challenges of forming transformational education in the nursing education system: a qualitative study
Authors: Ghorbani Azam , Mohammadi Nooredin , Rooddehghan Zahra , Bakhshi Fatemeh , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In the nursing education system, evolution is required to train qualified and professionally competent nurses who can face workplace challenges and evolving needs of societies. This study aimed to explore effective factors and challenges of the formation of transformational education in the nursing education system.

Methods
This was a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. Twenty-four individuals participated through purposive and theoretical sampling. The authors collected data using semi-structured interviews and analyzed them by Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publication grounded-theory method.

Results
Findings showed the process of formation of transformational education which encompasses four concepts including, “transformational leadership”, “effective learning”, “necessity of foresight in education”, and “inhibitors of educational transformation”. Transformational education is a complex and multidimensional education.

Conclusions
Implementation of this education requires preparing transformational leaders, planning to empower faculty members and students, and preparing for the challenges facing the education system.