bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scheduling staff for ambulatory anaesthesia
Authors: Dexter Franklin , Epstein Richard H. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
In this study, we summarize six articles published from January 2020 through June 2022 covering anaesthesia staff scheduling and consider their relevance to ambulatory surgery. Staff scheduling refers to the planned shift length of each person working on specific dates.

Recent findings
Increasing shift lengths compensates for COVID-19 pandemic staffing issues by reducing patient queues and mitigating the impact of staff absence from SAR-CoV-2 infection. Reduced labour costs can often be achieved by regularly scheduling more practitioners than expected from intuition. Probabilities of unscheduled absences, estimated using historical data, should be incorporated into staff scheduling calculations. Anesthetizing locations, wherein anaesthesiologists are scheduled, may need to be revised if the practitioner is lactating to facilitate uninterrupted breast milk pumping sessions. If room assignments are based on the educational value for residents, then schedule other practitioners based on residents’ expected work hours, not their planned shift lengths. Mixed integer programming can be used effectively to reduce variability among resident physicians in workloads during their rotations.

Summary
Readers can reasonably select among these studies and benefit from the one or two applicable to their facilities’ characteristics and work hours.
Extension of patient safety initiatives to perioperative care
Authors: Arnal-Velasco Daniel , Paz-Martín Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Patient safety has significantly improved during the intraoperative period thanks to the anesthesiologists, surgeons, and nurses. Nowadays, it is within the perioperative period where most of the preventable harm happened to the surgical patient. We aim to highlight the main issues and efforts to improve perioperative patient safety focusing and the relation to intraoperative safety strategies.

Recent findings
There is ongoing research on perioperative safety strategies aiming to initiate multidisciplinary interventions on early stages of the perioperative period as well as an increasing focus on preventing harm from postoperative complications.

Summary
Any patient safety strategy to be implemented needs to be framed beyond the operating room and include in the intervention the whole perioperative period.
Lung transplantation for coronavirus disease 2019 associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Garza-Castillon Rafael , Bharat Ankit 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to analyze the most recent and relevant literature involving lung transplantation for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the pathological mechanisms of lung injury, selection criteria and outcomes.

Recent findings
Pathological analysis of lungs after COVID-19 ARDS has shown architectural distortion similar to that observed in explanted lungs from patients undergoing lung transplantation for end-stage lung diseases such as emphysema. Short-term outcomes after lung transplantation for COVID-19 associated respiratory failure are comparable to those performed for other indications.

Summary
Lung transplantation after COVID-19 ARDS is a potentially life-saving procedure for appropriately selected patients with no evidence of lung function recovery despite maximal treatment. Lung transplantation should be ideally performed in high-volume centers with expertise.
Feasibility of a Brief Intervention to Decrease Harmful Alcohol Use Among Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clients in Shanghai: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gong Yao , Zhang Lei , Long Jiang , Wu Qianying , Zhang Jingying , Bao Jiayi , Du Jiang , Du Zheyi 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clients in Shanghai and to determine whether a brief intervention (BI) affects drinking among them.

Methods
A total of 837 clients from 14 local MMT clinics were invited to complete the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). One hundred one were included in the study and randomly assigned to the BI group or the control group. Clients in the BI group received a BI and general health education, whereas clients in the control group received the general health education only. Baseline and postintervention assessments were conducted by using the AUDIT, the Drinking Attitude Questionnaire, the Depression Module of the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the General Well-Being Schedule.

Results
Two hundred fifty-nine (30.9%) reported drinking during the last year, and 103 (12.3%) met the criteria for harmful use. At the 3-month follow-up, the AUDIT scores of the 2 groups were significantly decreased, and the time effect was statistically significant (F = 6.224, P = 0.018), but there was no group difference in AUDIT scores (F = 1.953, P = 0.172). Both groups had a main time effect of time on the improvement of depression (F = 8.044, P = 0.008), anxiety (F = 9.650, P = 0.004), and general well-being (F = 5.056, P = 0.033). However, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups (P > 0.05), and no statistical difference in the time (F = 1.738, P = 0.198) and group (F = 0.658, P = 0.424) effect of drinking attitude.

Conclusions
Alcohol consumption is common among MMT clients in China. Brief intervention, in its current form, could not effectively help them reduce their alcohol consumption.
Major Clinical Features and Epidemic Characteristics of Erosive Vulvar Lichen Planus: A Retrospective Analysis of 40 Patients
Authors: Shao Ya-Kun , Sun Kai-Lyu , Yang Min , Liu Wan , Fu Yu , Chang Jian-Min 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
A retrospective analysis of erosive vulvar lichen planus (EVLP) was performed to raise awareness on this chronic, deforming, and painful vulvar disease.

Methods:
This observational retrospective study involved 40 patients with EVLP among 1368 patients with vulvar disease from 2017 to 2020. The patients’ vulvar clinical features and extra-vulvar mucosal involvement were investigated. The patients’ pain and quality of life were evaluated with the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), respectively.

Results:
EVLP accounted for 2.9% (40/1,368) of all cases of vulvar disease, and the median age at onset was 42 years. Erosion mostly occurred on the labia minora and introitus. Half (20/40) of the patients had extra-vulvar mucosal involvement. Seventeen (42.5%) patients had oral lichen planus, and seven (17.5%) patients were diagnosed with vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome. The NRS score showed that 47.5% (19/40) of patients experienced mild pain whereas 12.5% (5/40) described the pain as severe. Thirty-one patients (77.5%, 31/40) had dyspareunia, and nine patients had aggravated pain after sexual intercourse. The mean DLQI score was 9.1 ± 6.0, with 37.5% (15/40) of patients indicating that EVLP had severely affected their lives.

Conclusion:
EVLP can affect the quality of women’s lives and cause severe deformations and painful architectural changes. The description of the characteristics of EVLP in this report will benefit the diagnosis and early treatment of this disease.
Coronavirus disease 2019 aftermath: psychological trauma in ICU healthcare workers
Authors: Wahlster Sarah , Hartog Christiane 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
We aim to describe the extent of psychological trauma and moral distress in healthcare workers (HCW) working in the intensive care unit (ICU) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Specifically, we review reports on prevalence of mental health symptoms, highlight vulnerable populations and summarize modifiable risk factors associated with mental health symptoms in ICU HCW.

Recent findings
The pandemic has resulted in a multitude of closely intertwined professional and personal challenges for ICU HCW. High rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (14–47%), burnout (45–85%), anxiety (31–60%), and depression (16–65%) have been reported, and these mental health symptoms are often interrelated. Most studies suggest that nurses and female HCW are at highest risk for developing mental health symptoms. The main personal concerns associated with reporting mental health symptoms among ICU HCW were worries about transmitting COVID-19 to their families, worries about their own health, witnessing colleagues contract the disease, and experiencing stigma from their communities. Major modifiable work-related risk factors were experiencing poor communication from supervisors, perceived lack of support from administrative leadership, and concerns about insufficient access to personal protective equipment, inability to rest, witnessing hasty end-of-life decisions, and restriction of family visitation policies.

Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted ICU HCW worldwide. The psychological trauma, manifesting as posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, anxiety, and depression, is substantial and concerning. Urgent action by lawmakers and healthcare administrators is required to protect ICU HCW and sustain a healthy workforce.
Providing respiratory and ventilation care in the face of shifting evidence: current opinion in critical care
Authors: Giammarioli Benedetta , Burns Karen E.A. , Patel Bhakti K. , Sklar Michael C. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
To review the clinical problem and noninvasive treatments of hypoxemia in critically-ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and describe recent advances in evidence supporting bedside decision making.

Recent findings
High-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation, along with awake prone positioning are potentially helpful therapies for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. High-flow nasal oxygen therapy has been widely implemented as a form of oxygen support supported by prepandemic randomized controlled trials showing possible benefit over noninvasive ventilation. Given the sheer volume of patients, noninvasive ventilation was often required, and based on a well conducted randomized controlled trial there was a developing role for helmet-interface noninvasive. Coupled with noninvasive supports, the use of awake prone positioning demonstrated physiological benefits, but randomized controlled trial data did not demonstrate clear outcome superiority.

Summary
The use of noninvasive oxygen strategies and our understanding of the proposed mechanisms are evolving. Variability in patient severity and physiology may dictate a personalized approach to care. High-flow nasal oxygen may be paired with awake and spontaneously breathing prone-positioning to optimize oxygen and lung mechanics but requires further insight before widely applying to clinical practice.
Modern surgical treatment of azoospermia
Authors: Brant Aaron , Schlegel Peter N. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
To review noteworthy research from the last 2 years on surgical management of azoospermia.

Recent findings
The recommended treatments for nonobstructive and obstructive azoospermia have not appreciably changed. However, recent level-1 evidence has reinforced superiority of micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction over sperm aspiration in men with nonobstructive azoospermia, and several studies have identified genetic and other clinical factors that may aid in selecting candidates for testicular sperm extraction. Machine learning technology has shown promise as a decision support system for patient selection prior to sperm retrieval as well a tool to aid in sperm identification from testis tissue.

Summary
Most men with obstructive azoospermia who desire fertility can be offered either surgical reconstruction or sperm retrieval. For men with nonobstructive azoospermia, sperm retrieval with microdissection testicular sperm extraction remains the gold standard treatment. Uncovering more genetic causes of nonobstructive azoospermia may aid in properly counseling and selecting patients for microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Neural networks and deep learning may have a future role in patient selection for surgical sperm retrieval and postprocedural sperm identification.
Acute Liver Failure in Dengue: A Common but Overlooked Entity in Pediatric Patients in Tropical Countries
Authors: Dogra Surabhi , Kumar Karunesh , Malhotra Smita , Jerath Nameet , Sibal Anupam 
Published: October 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study is to estimate the incidence of acute liver failure (ALF) in dengue infection, understand the demographic and biochemical profiles, and identify prognostic factors associated with mortality.

Methodology:
This is a retrospective observational study. We evaluated the data of all pediatric dengue patients admitted over the last 5 years in our hospital to identify patients who fulfilled the criteria for pediatric ALF. Demographic profile, and biochemical and radiological parameters were assessed. Their outcomes and mortality data were analyzed to identify prognostic factors.

Results:
Thirty children with dengue infection were identified to have developed a during the ALF study period which was 29.1% (30 of 103) of all our ALF admissions. A total of 189 children with dengue infection needed admission during the same period and 15.8% (30 of 189) of them developed ALF. The mean duration of onset of ALF was 5.4 days after fever onset. Twenty-two patients (73%) survived, and 8 patients expired. High creatinine, low albumin level, and multisystemic involvement were identified as poor prognostic markers in those patients who did not survive.

Conclusion:
ALF is common in admitted severe dengue patients. A significant proportion of acute liver patients in endemic countries can be attributed to dengue infection. Low serum albumin, high creatinine, and multi-organ dysfunction during acute illness can be used as prognostic markers in these children. Multicentric prospective studies are needed to validate these results.
Self-Injury During COVID-19
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Kenny Therese E. , Pritchard Tyler R. , Labonte Lindsay , Heath Nancy L. , Whitley Rob 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Concerns have been raised about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with lived experience of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Yet, few efforts have explored this. Accordingly, using a mixed-methods approach, we sought to examine whether emerging adults who have self-injured experienced changes in NSSI urges and behavior during the pandemic and what may have accounted for these changes. To do so, university students with lived experience of NSSI completed online questions asking about NSSI and self-reported changes in urges and behavior since the onset of COVID-19. They then answered open-ended questions asking what contributed to these changes and how they have coped during this timeframe. Approximately 80% of participants reported no change or a decrease in NSSI urges and behavior. Participants discussed removal from stressors (e.g., social stress) that previously evoked NSSI, as well as having time for self-care and to develop resilience as accounting for this. Nevertheless, some participants reported challenges amid the pandemic (i.e., exacerbated stress, isolation); approximately one fifth of participants reported increases in NSSI urges and behavior. Our findings add to recent evidence that many individuals with prior mental health difficulties, including NSSI, can demonstrate resilience in the face of collective adversity. Research and clinician implications are discussed.
Management and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Recurrent Stroke-Like Episodes After Cranial Radiotherapy
Authors: Neth Bryan J. , Lachance Daniel H. , Uhm Joon H. , Ruff Michael W. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Recurrent Stroke-Like Episodes of transient negative neurologic symptoms are a long-term consequence of cranial radiation therapy (RT) that may lead to significant functional impairment and worsen quality of life. We assessed management patterns and clinical course at our institution to assess optimal management strategy and understand long-term outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with recurrent negative neurologic symptoms after cranial RT who were treated at Mayo Clinic (Rochester), with follow-up extending through October 2021 with a goal of assessing for clinical change in the setting of medical management. Descriptive statistics and Fisher exact tests were performed for group comparisons.

Results:
Twenty-five patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 28.7 years (range: 3.0 to 65.8). Median time from RT to symptom onset was 14.6 years (range: 3.3 to 30.5). The most common presentations included hemiparesis (56%), visual field (33%) and hemisensory (22%) loss, and aphasia (22%). Therapeutics used specifically for management of recurrent episodes included antiseizure medications (92%), antiplatelets (68%), verapamil (52%), statins (48%), glucocorticoids (24%), antivirals (20%), and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/ Angiotensin receptor blockers (16%). Antivirals were less commonly used in patients with cessation (Fisher exact, P=0.0235). Progressive encephalopathy was more commonly seen in those without cessation (Fisher exact, P=0.0072), and in all patients who died at last follow-up.

Conclusions:
Although retrospective experience from a single institution, our cohort represents one of the largest with management data reported for this complex clinical scenario. We hope that our findings may be used as a reference for clinicians in the management of this challenging clinical scenario.
Modification of the Association Between Frequent Aspirin Use and Ovarian Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Using Individual-Level Data From Two Ovarian Cancer Consortia
Authors: Hurwitz Lauren M. , Townsend Mary K. , Jordan Susan J. , Patel Alpa V. , Teras Lauren R. , Lacey James V. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Harris Holly R. , Goodman Marc T. , Shvetsov Yurii B. , Modugno Francesmary , Moysich Kirsten B. , Robien Kim , Prizment Anna , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Berchuck Andrew , Fortner Renée T. , Chan Andrew T. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Hartge Patricia , Sandler Dale P. , O’Brien Katie M. , Anton-Culver Hoda , Ziogas Argyrios , Menon Usha , Ramus Susan J. , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Wu Anna H. , White Emily , Peters Ulrike , Webb Penelope M. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Trabert Britton 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from J Clin Oncol 2022; doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.01900)
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer because of its nonspecific symptom presentation and lack of early detection or prevention strategies. Chronic inflammation has been demonstrated to play a key role in the molecular mechanisms driving ovarian cancer.
Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Guideline Concordance for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Among Adult Women in the US Military Health System
Authors: Kikuchi Jacqueline Y. , Banaag Amanda , Koehlmoos Tracey P. 
Published: October 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2022;5(8):e2225730)
The most commonly diagnosed outpatient infection in the United States are urinary tract infections (UTIs). In 2011, increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance led the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) to update their international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in premenopausal women.
Corneal Confocal Analysis after Scleral Lens Wear in Keratoconus Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Serramito-Blanco María , Cañadas Pilar , Villa-Collar Cesar , Carracedo Gonzalo 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
Scleral lenses rely on the scleroconjunctival region without bearing the cornea, which could improve the symptoms and modify the corneal nerve plexus morphology.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to evaluate symptoms and changes in corneal nerve plexus morphology and density of Langerhans cells in keratoconus patients with and without intrastromal corneal ring before and after scleral lens wear.

METHODS
Sixteen scleral lens wearers with keratoconus were recruited for this short-term experimental pilot study. Subjects were divided into two groups: keratoconus group and intrastromal corneal ring segment group. All subjects were examined in two visits: baseline (before scleral lens wear) and after 6 months of scleral lens wear, after lens removal. The Schirmer I test, the Ocular Surface Disease Index, tear breakup time, and in vivo confocal microscopy were evaluated.

RESULTS
The mean age was 42.33 ± 11.27 years. A significant decrease in tear breakup time was found in the total group (P = .01, Wilcoxon) compared with baseline. Ocular Surface Disease Index score had decreased after 6 months of scleral lens wear in the keratoconus with intrastromal corneal ring segment subgroup (P = .03, Wilcoxon) and in the total group (P = .001, Wilcoxon). No statistical changes in nerve density, tortuosity, and ramification were found for either the total group or the subgroup. However, the mean nerve length was higher in all groups, especially in the keratoconus subgroup (P = .03, Wilcoxon) after 6 months of scleral lens wear. Regarding optical density, the total group showed a significant increase after 6 months of wearing (P = .02, Wilcoxon). Finally, Langerhans cell density was not statistically different in any group.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that scleral lens wearing improves the symptoms and increased the mean length nerves after 6 months of wear use in keratoconus patients.
The burden and impact of chronic cough in severe disease
Authors: Emilsson Össur Ingi 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Chronic cough is common in severe diseases, such as COPD, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer and heart failure, and has a negative effect on quality of life. In spite of this, patients with cough sometimes feel their cough is neglected by healthcare workers. This review aims to briefly describe cough mechanisms, highlight the burden chronic cough can be for the individual, and the clinical impact of chronic cough.

Recent findings
Chronic cough is likely caused by different mechanisms in different diseases, which may have therapeutic implications. Chronic cough, in general, has a significant negative effect on quality of life, both with and without a severe comorbid disease. It can lead to social isolation, recurrent depressive episodes, lower work ability, and even conditions such as urinary incontinence. Cough may also be predictive of more frequent exacerbations among patients with COPD, and more rapid lung function decline in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cough is sometimes reported by patients to be underappreciated by healthcare.

Summary
Chronic cough has a significant negative impact on quality of life, irrespective of diagnosis. Some differences are seen between patients with and without severe disease. Healthcare workers need to pay specific attention to cough, especially patients with severe disease.