bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer vision syndrome, musculoskeletal, and stress-related problems among visual display terminal users in Nepal
Authors: Das Amar , Shah Sangam , Adhikari Tara Ballav , Paudel Basanta Sharma , Sah Sanjit Kumar , Das Rakesh Kumar , Shah Chiranjiwi Prasad , Adhikari Pragati Gautam 
Published: July 2022

Background
The use of computers and other Visual Display Terminal (VDT) screens is increasing in Nepal. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) and other occupational health concerns among employees working in front of VDT screens in the Nepalese population.

Objectives
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CVS, musculoskeletal and work-related stress among VDT screen users in the office, as well as their understanding and usage of preventive measures.

Methods
The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study among 319 VDT users in office settings in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal, using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associated factors at 95% CI. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
The prevalence of CVS was 89.4%. More than eight out of ten study participants reported at least one visual and musculoskeletal symptom. Work-related stress, which was moderate-difficult to handle, was present in 36.7% of the study population. The mean±SD computer usage per day was 7.9±1.9 hours. Tired eye (63.3%), feeling of dry eye (57.8%), headache (56.9%) were the common visual symptoms of CVS reported. Total computer use/day > = 8 hours OR 2.6, improper viewing distance OR 3.2, Not using an anti-glare screen OR 2.6, not using eye-drops, and not wearing protective goggles OR 3.1 were significantly associated with the presence of CVS. There was no statistically significant association between visual symptoms of CVS, musculoskeletal symptoms, and stress with gender.

Conclusion
CVS was substantially related to not employing preventive measures, working longer hours, and having an incorrect viewing distance. With more hours per day spent in front of a VDT screen, work-related stress and musculoskeletal complaints were also found to be important correlates. Similarly, work-related stress was found more among those who had less than five years of job.
Ringkasan Hasil Penelitian ANALISIS BUDAYA DAN IMPLIKASI SOSIAL EKONOMI DALAM PRAKTIK SABUK JALAN TIONGKOK (China’s Belt Road Initiative)
Authors: Tantri Erlita , Yuniarto Paulus Rudolf , Setyaningsih Rita Pawestri , Husnah Wabilia 
Published: July 2022

China’s Belt Road Initiative (China’s BRI atau BRI Tiongkok) atau Prakarsa Sabuk Jalan Tiongkok merupakan diplomasi ekonomi dan politik Pemerintah Tiongkok yang bertujuan untuk mengamankan pasokan produksi negara dan devisa, penyebaran modal dan investasi, serta peningkatan hubungan internasional. Selain itu, China’s BRI merepresentasikan peta jalan tentang bagaimana Tiongkok memainkan strategi agar terintegrasi ke dalam ekonomi dunia. Selain itu sekaligus juga memperkuat pokgaruh politik di daerah Sabuk dan Jalan sambil menggabungkan seluruh kepentingan ekonomi, politik, budaya, dan keamanan internal dan eksternal (Mitrovic, 2018). Belt Road Initiative dikembangkan dari dasar budaya Taoisme, Konfusianisme dan Mohisme yang mengajarkan etika dan hukum dalam bermasyarakat. Budaya Tiongkok menjadi ruh dalam berjalannya Belt Road Initiative. Xi Jinping menyebutkan bahwa Belt Road Initiative memiliki sifat damai, harmoni, terbuka dan makmur yang sejalan dengan etika yang diajarkan dalam ajaran Konfusianisme, Taoisme, dan Mohisme. Belt Road Initiative diharapkan membantu negara tersebut mencapai impiannya menjadi negara yang kuat. Dalam perjalanan China’s BRI, Tiongkok melakukan pendekatan sosial budaya dengan negara-negara yang diajak kerjasama. Belt Road Initiative memberikan manfaat luar biasa bagi Tiongkok sendiri untuk merealisasikan impiannya. Tulisan ini berupaya menggambarkan mengenai ide besar China’s BRI tersebut beserta tantangan dan strategi budaya dan kerjasama lainnya yang dilaksanakan di dalamnya. Pemerintah Tiongkok ingin kerjasama BRI ini tidak berakhir dalam bentuk proyek fisik saja, tetapi juga menciptakan kerjasama bidang sosial dan budaya dan hubungan antar masyarakat. Namun, salah satu masalah yang harus diatasi Tiongkok adalah citra negatif negara tersebut di dunia. Banyak negara yang merasa khawatir terhadap dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh Belt Road Initiative.Kata kunci :China’s Belt Road Initiative (China’s BRI), BRI, BRI Tiongkok, Prakarsa Sabuk Jalan Tiongkok, proyek kerjasama, impian Tiongkok, sosial budaya.
Accessibility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Halluin Sidonie , Tebby Cléo 
Published: July 2022

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are mathematical models that describe the absorption, disposition, metabolism and elimination processes that a substance undergoes in a living organism. A PBPK model subdivides the body in compartments representing organs connected through blood. This type of model aims to link an external exposure to an internal dose, particularly in the context of health regulations.This work focuses on the PBPK models developed at the Ineris (National Institute for the Industrial Environment and Risks). The goal is to make the use of these models more accessible for researchers as well as regulatory agencies.
In 2010, the experimental toxicology and modeling unit published a reference PBPK model, which follows a human organism throughout his entire life. Since then, many versions have been developed to adapt to the different behaviors of substances. The multiple versions were collected, updated, annotated and compared. The combination of models into a generic model is under development.
We have developed VICKY : an interface to graphically represent the dynamics of the model's predictions. This GUIincludes 3 tools : A table and graph of substance concentrations in organs as a function of years and a animated diagram of the human body. Intensity color of the human body organs represent concentration levels.
This graphical interface linked to the generic model will facilitate interpretation of the results of the PBPK models by researchers and health agencies. Ultimately, it will help to assess exposure to substances in order to protect human populations in terms of health.
Circulating cell-free DNA and its clinical utility in cancer
Authors: Salviano-Silva Amanda , Maire Cecile L. , Lamszus Katrin , Ricklefs Franz L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Liquid biopsies are a valuable non-invasive biomarker source for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cancer patients. The detection of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) derived from tumor cells (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising clinical approach, as their levels are elevated in many cancers and contains tumor-related mutations and specific methylation patterns. ctDNA can be released from tumor cells into the bloodstream, either linked to extracellular vesicles (EV-DNA) or in an EV-free form when associated with nucleosomes and other proteins, or even as a component of macromolecular structures such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NET DNA). These different types of cfDNA can mirror cancer progression and predict patient outcome. This review presents the recent benefits of cfDNA in cancer, distinguishing between EV-DNA and EV-free DNA, and highlights their clinical utility.
Eccentric Force Velocity Profiling: Motor Control Strategy Considerations and Relationships to Strength and Jump Performance
Authors: Barker Leland , Siedlik Jacob , Magrini Mitchel , Uesato Sarai , Wang Harvey , Sjovold Alex , Ewing Garrett , Harry John R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Barker, L, Siedlik, J, Magrini, M, Uesato, S, Wang, H, Sjovold, A, Ewing, G, and Harry, JR. . Eccentric force velocity profiling: motor control strategy considerations and relationships to strength and jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 574–580, 2023—Currently, no studies exist on the eccentric force-velocity profile (eFVP) during drop landings from increasing drop heights, which may reveal an athlete's braking capacity and control strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the eFVP during bilateral drop landings from increasing drop heights. A secondary purpose was to explore and determine relevant relationships between the eFVP and common metrics like relative strength and jumping performance. Overall, 19 recreationally trained athletes from the university completed a 1-reptition maximum back squat, countermovement jumps, squat jumps, drop jumps, and drop landings from 0.3 to 1.52-m box heights in 0.15-m increments. Average force and velocity from the peak drop landing trial was used to generate an eFVP. The mean linear eFVP was −6.65x + 14.73, and the mean second order polynomial eFVP was −1.37x2 − 25.84x + 0.17. The second-order polynomial fit the data better with large effect (d
unb = 1.05, p < 0.05). No significant correlations between the eFVP coefficients and the strength and jumping measurements were observed. Future research could investigate how training can influence the eFVP. Eccentric force production during landing may be a unique quality that requires specific development strategies, such has fast or slow eccentric training.
Use of Exercise Training to Enhance the Power-Duration Curve: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hurd Kweisi A. , Surges Michael P. , Farrell John W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hurd, KA, Surges, MP, and Farrell, JW. Use of exercise training to enhance the power-duration curve: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 733–744, 2023—The power/velocity-duration curve consists of critical power (CP), the highest work rate at which a metabolic steady state can obtained, and W′ (e.g., W prime), the finite amount of work that can be performed above CP. Significant associations between CP and performance during endurance sports have been reported resulting in CP becoming a primary outcome for enhancement following exercise training interventions. This review evaluated and summarized the effects of different exercise training methodologies for enhancing CP and respective analogs. A systematic review was conducted with the assistance of a university librarian and in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Ten studies met the criteria for inclusion and were reviewed. Four, 2, 2, 1, and 1 articles included swimming, cycling, resistance training, rowing, and running, respectively. Improvements in CP, and respective analogs, were reported in 3 swimming, 2 cycling, and 1 rowing intervention. In addition, only 2 cycling and 1 swimming intervention used CP, and respective analogs, as an index of intensity for prescribing exercise training, with one cycling and one swimming intervention reporting significant improvements in CP. Multiple exercise training modalities can be used to enhance the power/velocity-duration curve. Significant improvements in CP were often reported with no observed improvements in W′ or with slight decreases. Training may need to be periodized in a manner that targets enhancements in either CP or W′ but not simultaneously.
Hyperpolarization induces cytosolic alkalization of mouse sperm flagellum probably through sperm Na+/H+ exchanger
Authors: Hernández-Garduño Sandra , Chávez Julio C , Matamoros-Volante Arturo , Sánchez-Guevara Yoloxochitl , Torres Paulina , Treviño Claudia L , Nishigaki Takuya 
Published: July 2022

In brief
Hyperpolarization of the membrane potential is a crucial step for mammalian sperm maturation. This work demonstrates that this membrane potential change likely activates a sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger to induce alkalization in mouse sperm flagellum.

Abstract
The sperm-specific sodium/proton exchanger (sNHE) is an indispensable protein for male fertility in mammals. Nevertheless, it is still unknown how mammalian sNHE is regulated. Evidence obtained from sea urchin sNHE indicates that hyperpolarization of plasma membrane potential (Vm), which is a hallmark of mammalian capacitation, positively regulates the sNHE. Therefore, we explored the activity of sNHE in mouse and human sperm by fluorescence imaging of intracellular pH (pHi) with a ratiometric dye, SNARF-5F. A valinomycin-induced Vm hyperpolarization elevated sperm flagellar pHi of WT mouse but not in sNHE-KO mouse. Moreover, this pHi increase was inhibited in a high K+ (40 mM) medium. These results support the idea that mouse sNHE is activated by Vm hyperpolarization. Interestingly, we observed different types of kinetics derived from valinomycin-induced alkalization, including some (30%) without any pHi changes. Our quantitative pHi determinations revealed that unresponsive cells had a high resting pHi (>7.5), suggesting that the activity of mouse sNHE is regulated by the resting pHi. On the other hand, valinomycin did not increase the pHi of human sperm in the head or the flagellum, regardless of their resting pHi values. Our findings suggest that the regulatory mechanisms of mammalian sNHEs are probably distinct depending on the species.
Bisexual Orientation, Divorce and Islamic Law in Indonesia: Legal Standing and Arguments
Authors: Hikmah Warda Silwana , Bachtiar Hasnan , Kurniawan Kukuh Dwi 
Published: July 2022

Can the bisexual orientation in a marriage bond be considered a legal argument for formulating a verdict in the Indonesia Islamic courts? Does it have such a specific legal standing mentioned directly within any regulation covering the issue of Islamic private law? In answering both these questions, this article implements a normative-juridical inquiry that examines various rational possibilities in developing arguments of law. This article finds that in handling the case of bisexual orientation, the Indonesian legal system has remained a legal vacuum. Consequently, it seems it might not be a direct legal argument because it has no legal standing. This article argues that there is no single legal instrument has been imposed that explicitly mentions the case of the orientation. However, the judge may implement the analogous of the possibility of "adultery that leads to unresolved conflicts" to make a ratio legis of divorce due to the orientation. AbstrakApakah orientasi biseksual dalam suatu ikatan perkawinan dapat dijadikan sebagai dalil hukum untuk merumuskan suatu putusan di pengadilan? Apakah ia memiliki kedudukan hukum tertentu yang disebutkan secara langsung dalam peraturan apa pun yang mencakup masalah hukum privat Islam? Dalam menjawab kedua pertanyaan tersebut, artikel ini menerapkan penelitian yuridis-normatif yang mengkaji berbagai kemungkinan rasional dalam mengembangkan argumentasi hukum. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa dalam menangani kasus orientasi biseksual, sistem hukum Indonesia masih mengalami kekosongan hukum. Akibatnya, seolah-olah tidak bisa menjadi argumentasi hukum langsung karena tidak memiliki legal standing. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa tidak ada satu pun instrumen hukum yang diberlakukan yang secara eksplisit menyebutkan kasus orientasi tersebut. Namun demikian, hakim dapat menerapkan analogi kemungkinan “perzinahan yang berujung pada konflik yang tidak terselesaikan” untuk membuat rasio logis perceraian karena orientasinya.
Transition of Civil Law to Public Law: Integration of Modern Punishment Theory in Criminal Apostasy
Authors: Sumardi Dedy , Umar Mukhsin Nyak , Sangaji Ruslan , Yunus Firdaus M , Akbar Rahmatul 
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to analyze the determination of death penalty in apostasy through modern criminal theories and human rights considerations. The approach is used to objectively view the purpose of death penalty on a criminal act in the context of religious freedom. This study is a conceptual study using the library research and descriptive-analytical approach. Based on the analysis of punishment theories, it is found that the determination of the death penalty in apostasy takes a combined pattern of punishment theories: retributive, deterrence, and reformative theories. The combination of these theories leads to an integration, as it does not focus only on the retributive and deterrence aspects, but it also emphasizes on the reformative aspect, as a means of therapy for apostate criminals so they will not repeat the same acts. The integration of the theories seems perfect when accompanied by moral education that can provide “spiritual enlightenment”, so that criminals can be accepted back into the community. The integrity-morality theory or pulse-integrity theory is expected to neutralize the difference in views on the purpose of punishment in Islamic criminal law, which has long been considered not in line with the norms of human rights under the pretext of the sovereign system of the nation-state, where citizenship status is limited by territorial areas. The equality of rights, justice, morality, and individual accountability is a universal principle of the teachings of the Qur’an which inspire the conception of human rights norms by every citizen.AbstrakArtikel ini menganalisis penetapan hukuman mati dalam pidana murtad menggunakan pendekatan teori pemidanaan dan pertimbangan hak asasi manusia. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk melihat secara objektif tujuan ditetapkan hukuman mati sebagai perbuatan pidana dalam konteks kebebasan beragama. Studi ini merupakan kajian konseptual, dianalisis menggunakan data kepustakaan melalui pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Berdasarkan analisis teori pemidanan ditemukan bahwa penetapan hukuman mati dalam pidana murtad mengambil pola perpaduan teori pemidanaan; teori retributif,deterrence dan reformatif. Perpaduan ketiga teori melahirkan integritas, tidak terfokus pada aspek retributif dan deterrence, tetapi lebih menekankan pada aspek reformatif, sebagai terapi pelaku kajahatan murtad agar tidak mengulangi perbuatan yang sama. Pengintegrasian ketiga teori ini terlihat sempurna manakala diiringi pendidikan moral yang dapat memberikan “pencerahan spiritual”, sehingga pelaku kejahatan dapat diterima kembali dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Teori integritas-moralitas atau teori integritas-plus diharapkan dapat menetralisir perbedaan pandangan tujuan pemidanaan Islam. Persamaan hak, keadilan, moralitas dan pertanggunjawaban individu merupakan prinsip universal ajaran al-Qur’an menjadi inspirasi lahirnya norma hak asasi manusia setiap warga negara.
Variation and Temporal Trends in Delivery Room Management of Moderate and Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Handley Sara C. , Salazar Elizabeth G. , Greenberg Lucy T. , Foglia Elizabeth E. , Lorch Scott A. ,  Edwards Erika M. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND
Although delivery room (DR) intervention decreases with increasing gestational age (GA), little is known about DR management of moderate and late preterm (MLP) infants.

METHODS
Using the Vermont Oxford Network database of all NICU admissions, we examined the receipt of DR interventions including supplemental oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, endotracheal tube ventilation, chest compressions, epinephrine, and surfactant among MLP infants (30 to 36 weeks') without congenital anomalies born from 2011 to 2020. Pneumothorax was examined as a potential resuscitation-associated complication. Intervention frequency was assessed at the infant- and hospital-level, stratified by GA and over time.

RESULTS
Overall, 55.3% of 616 110 infants (median GA: 34 weeks) from 483 Vermont Oxford Network centers received any DR intervention. Any DR intervention frequency decreased from 89.7% at 30 weeks to 44.2% at 36 weeks. From 2011 to 2020, there was an increase in the provision of continuous positive airway pressure (17.9% to 47.8%, P ≤.001) and positive pressure ventilation (22.9% to 24.9%, P ≤.001) and a decrease in endotracheal tube ventilation (6.9% to 4.0% P ≤.001), surfactant administration (3.5% to 1.3%, P ≤.001), and pneumothorax (1.9% to 1.6%, P ≤.001). Hospital rates of any DR intervention varied (median 54%, interquartile range 47% to 62%), though the frequency was similar across hospitals with different NICU capabilities after adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
The DR management of MLP infants varies at the individual- and hospital-level and is changing over time. These findings illustrate the differing interpretation of resuscitation guidelines and emphasize the need to study MLP infants to improve evidence-based DR care.
derechos de la naturaleza
Authors: Poveda Fonseca Natalia , Orcasitas Marulanda José 
Published: July 2022

La siguiente investigación tiene como eje central a la naturaleza como sujeto de especial protección en Colombia. El objetivo es determinar la importancia que tiene el medio ambiente en la existencia y subsistencia del ser humano, además de distinguir los principales problemas a los que se enfrenta Colombia en materia ambiental. Así mismo, a través de la aplicación del derecho comparado se analizan otras Constituciones que protegen el medio ambiente y consideran la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos.
No obstante, entre los temas más debatidos durante la pospandemia se encuentra la aprobación que hizo el Gobierno nacional de proyectos como la asignación de pruebas piloto de fracking y la expedición de licencias ambientales para la explotación minera. Se pretende analizar los alcances de estas decisiones gubernamentales desde la perspectiva constitucional y en materia de derechos humanos, además de contrastar los supuestos beneficios económicos que esta práctica le genera al país, especialmente como “estrategia” del Gobierno para solventar la crisis económica resultado de la pandemia de covid-19 y de la transgresión de principios constitucionales como la precaución, la prevención, la progresividad y no regresividad, y la prevención de riesgo.
Reseña de Agent, Person, Subject, Self. A Theory of ontology, interaction and structure
Authors: Menta Cyril 
Published: July 2022

En esta obra, Paul Kockelman estimula la continuidad de sus trabajos de antropología lingüística a través de nuevos campos de especialización. En esta medida desea evaluar sus intuiciones, así como la de otros eminentes lingüistas. Su principal influencia es ciertamente Charles Pierce, semiólogo y filósofo considerado como el fundador de la corriente pragmática. La semiología, que trata sobre el estudio de los signos, es la que interesa a Kockelman. Según Pierce, un proceso semiótico está constituido por un signo, un objeto y un intérprete. Kockelman se enfoca en el individuo y el espíritu, afirmando que cada proceso semiótico engendra a su vez otro proceso semiótico.
The Image of the Interpreter in the First Sino-Spanish Contacts (16th Century)
Authors: Béguelin-Argimón Victoria 
Published: July 2022

The earliest Spanish travelers in China coming from the Philippines (16th century), not being able to communicate in Chinese, have to trust interpreters who, very often and for the most diverse reasons, do not always carry out their work with the expected fidelity. These interpreters, beyond being mere translators, also function as guides, as informants about the territory and, above all, as cultural mediators. The first documents on Sino-Spanish contacts, especially Rada’s, Loarca’s, Tordesillas’, and Sánchez’ travel accounts, written between 1575 and 1583, allow to catch a glimpse of the interpreters’ identity, their social and geographical origin, their linguistic and cultural skills, their various tasks in mediation as well as the difficultiesthey have to deal with in their work. Thedocuments also allow to perceive the needfor the first missionaries to learn Chineseand their very first attempts to do so.