bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden Upwelling Systems Associated With Major Western Boundary Currents
Authors: Liao Fanglou , Liang Xinfeng , Li Yun , Spall Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWestern boundary currents (WBCs) play an essential role in regulating global climate. In contrast to their widely examined horizontal motions, less attention has been paid to vertical motions associated with WBCs. Here, we examine vertical motions associated with the major WBCs by analyzing vertical velocity from five ocean synthesis products and one eddy‐resolving ocean simulation. These data reveal robust and intense subsurface upwelling systems, which are primarily along isopycnal surfaces, in five major subtropical WBC systems. These upwelling systems are part of basin‐scale overturning circulations and are likely driven by meridional pressure gradients along the western boundary. Globally, the WBC upwelling contributes significantly to the vertical transport of water mass and ocean properties and is an essential yet overlooked branch of the global ocean circulation. In addition, the WBC upwelling intersects the oceanic euphotic and mixed layers, and thus likely plays an important role in ocean biological and chemical processes by transporting nutrients, carbon and other tracers vertically inside the ocean. This study calls for more research into the dynamics of the WBC upwelling and their role in the ocean and climate systems.
Secular Variability of the Upwelling at the Canaries Latitude: An Instrumental Approach
Authors: Gallego D. , García‐Herrera R. , Mohino E. , Losada T. , Rodríguez‐Fonseca B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this research we make use of historical wind direction observations to assemble an instrumental upwelling intensity index (the so‐called Directional Upwelling Index [DUI]) for the coast of Northwest Africa between 26° and 33°N and from 1825 to 2014. The DUI is defined as the persistence of the alongshore winds at the coast and unlike other upwelling indices, it relies on observed wind direction solely, avoiding the suspected bias toward increasing wind speed of historical wind observations documented in previous research. We have found that between June and October, when the upwelling intensity in the area is at its seasonal maximum, the persistence of the north‐easterlies measured by the DUI is significantly related to the alongshore wind stress and subsequently with Sea Surface Temperature anomalies at the coast of NW Africa. The analysis of the DUI record does not display a consistent long‐term trend but an oscillatory behavior. At interannual time scales this variability can be linked to the changes in the strength and location of the subtropical north Atlantic high‐pressure center and at multidecadal scales, the upwelling seems mainly driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability through the modulation exerted by this climatic pattern on the intensity of the Saharan low.
High‐Resolution Large Eddy Simulations of Vortex Dynamics Over Ripple Defects Under Oscillatory Flow
Authors: Jin C. , Coco G. , Tinoco R. O. , Ranjan P. , Gong Z. , Dutta S. , San Juan J. E. , Friedrich H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe carried out high‐resolution Large Eddy Simulations to study the three‐dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics over regular and irregular wave‐generated ripples. Two types of irregularities in ripple crestlines are considered, namely ripples with a termination defect and with a bifurcation defect. Over regular ripples, the flow and vortex structures vary in the spanwise direction, displaying evident three‐dimensional vortex structures. Compared to regular ripples, the presence of a bifurcation or a termination defect implies local variations in ripple height and spacing. As a result, the maximum velocity, vortex strength and the position of the vortex center over ripples neighboring a defect are all affected by the presence of the defect. The maximum velocity at the ripple crest neighboring a defect is linearly related to the position of the vortex center. The presence of defects induces an asymmetric distribution of shear stress and sediment flux that will ultimately affect bedform evolution.
Challenges and Capabilities in Estimating Snow Mass Intercepted in Conifer Canopies With Tree Sway Monitoring
Authors: Raleigh Mark S. , Gutmann Ethan D. , Van Stan John T. , Burns Sean P. , Blanken Peter D. , Small Eric E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSnowpack accumulation in forested watersheds depends on the amount of snow intercepted in the canopy and its partitioning into sublimation, unloading, and melt. A lack of canopy snow measurements limits our ability to evaluate models that simulate canopy processes and predict snowpack. We tested whether monitoring changes in wind‐induced tree sway is a viable technique for detecting snow interception and quantifying canopy snow water equivalent (SWE). Over a 6 year period in Colorado, we monitored hourly sway of two conifers, each instrumented with an accelerometer sampling at 12 Hz. We developed an approach to distinguish changes in sway frequency due to thermal effects on tree rigidity versus intercepted snow mass. Over 60% of days with canopy snow had a sway signal that could not be distinguished from thermal effects. However, larger changes in tree sway could not generally be attributed to thermal effects, and canopy snow was present 93%–95% of the time, as confirmed with classified PhenoCam imagery. Using sway tests, we converted changes in sway to canopy SWE, which were correlated with total snowstorm amounts from a nearby SNOTEL site (Spearman r = 0.72 to 0.80, p < 0.001). Greater canopy SWE was associated with storm temperatures between −7°C and 0°C and wind speeds less than 4 m s−1. Lower canopy SWE prevailed in storms with lower temperatures and higher wind speeds. Monitoring tree sway is a viable approach for quantifying canopy SWE, but challenges remain in converting changes in sway to mass and distinguishing thermal and snow mass effects on tree sway.
Concerted BAG3 and SIRPα blockade impairs pancreatic tumor growth
Authors: De Marco Margot , Gauttier Vanessa , Pengam Sabrina , Mary Caroline , Ranieri Bianca , Basile Anna , Festa Michela , Falco Antonia , Reppucci Francesca , Cammarota Anna Lisa , Acernese Fausto , De Laurenzi Vincenzo , Sala Gianluca , Brongo Sergio , Miyasaka Masayuki , Shalapour Shabnam , Vanhove Bernard , Poirier Nicolas , Iaccarino Roberta , Karin Michael , Turco Maria Caterina , Rosati Alessandra , Marzullo Liberato 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe BAG3- and SIRPα- mediated pathways trigger distinct cellular targets and signaling mechanisms in pancreatic cancer microenvironment. To explore their functional connection, we investigated the effects of their combined blockade on cancer growth in orthotopic allografts of pancreatic cancer mt4–2D cells in immunocompetent mice. The anti-BAG3 + anti-SIRPα mAbs treatment inhibited (p = 0.007) tumor growth by about the 70%; also the number of metastatic lesions was decreased, mostly by the effect of the anti-BAG3 mAb. Fibrosis and the expression of the CAF activation marker α-SMA were reduced by about the 30% in animals treated with anti-BAG3 mAb compared to untreated animals, and appeared unaffected by treatment with the anti-SIRPα mAb alone; however, the addition of anti-SIRPα to anti-BAG3 mAb in the combined treatment resulted in a > 60% (p < 0.0001) reduction of the fibrotic area and a 70% (p < 0.0001) inhibition of CAF α-SMA positivity. Dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+ lymphocytes, hardly detectable in the tumors of untreated animals, were modestly increased by single treatments, while were much more clearly observable (p < 0.0001) in the tumors of the animals subjected to the combined treatment. The effects of BAG3 and SIRPα blockade do not simply reflect the sum of the effects of the single blockades, indicating that the two pathways are connected by regulatory interactions and suggesting, as a proof of principle, the potential therapeutic efficacy of a combined BAG3 and SIRPα blockade in pancreatic cancer.
The use of the paramedian forehead flap alone or in combination with other techniques in the reconstruction of periocular defects and orbital exenterations
Authors: Ang Terence W. , Juniat Valerie , O’Rourke Micheal , Slattery James , O’Donnell Brett , McNab Alan A. , Hardy Thomas G. , Caplash Yugesh , Selva Dinesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a reconstructive option for large eyelid defects and orbital exenterations. We report a series of cases where PMFF reconstruction was carried out at various institutions in Australia.

Methods
This study was a multi-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series investigating the clinical outcomes of the PMFF for reconstructing periocular defects and orbital exenterations.

Results
This case series describes twenty-seven patients (Female = 15, Male = 12), operated between 1991 to 2019, with a median age of 81 years (range: 45–93 years). Defect locations involved combinations of the medial canthus (16/27, 59.3%), upper eyelids (7/27, 25.9%), lower eyelid (4/27, 14.8%), both upper and lower eyelids (5/27, 18.5%), and orbital (7/27, 25.9%). There were no cases of flap necrosis. Minor post-operative complications were observed in ten patients with the most common being lagophthalmos. Median duration of follow-up was 17months (Range: 2months- 23years).

Conclusions
The PMFF is a versatile reconstructive tool for a range of periocular defects and orbital exenterations with minor post-operative complications.
Intestinal AMPK modulation of microbiota mediates crosstalk with brown fat to control thermogenesis
Authors: Zhang Eryun , Jin Lihua , Wang Yangmeng , Tu Jui , Zheng Ruirong , Ding Lili , Fang Zhipeng , Fan Mingjie , Al-Abdullah Ismail , Natarajan Rama , Ma Ke , Wang Zhengtao , Riggs Arthur D. , Shuck Sarah C. , Yang Li , Huang Wendong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe energy-dissipating capacity of brown adipose tissue through thermogenesis can be targeted to improve energy balance. Mammalian 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, a key nutrient sensor for maintaining cellular energy status, is a known therapeutic target in Type II diabetes. Despite its well-established roles in regulating glucose metabolism in various tissues, the functions of AMPK in the intestine remain largely unexplored. Here we show that AMPKα1 deficiency in the intestine results in weight gain and impaired glucose tolerance under high fat diet feeding, while metformin administration fails to ameliorate these metabolic disorders in intestinal AMPKα1 knockout mice. Further, AMPKα1 in the intestine communicates with brown adipose tissue to promote thermogenesis. Mechanistically, we uncover a link between intestinal AMPKα1 activation and BAT thermogenic regulation through modulating anti-microbial peptide-controlled gut microbiota and the metabolites. Our findings identify AMPKα1-mediated mechanisms of intestine-BAT communication that may partially underlie the therapeutic effects of metformin.
Antibody escape and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineage A.27
Authors: Kaleta Tamara , Kern Lisa , Hong Samuel Leandro , Hölzer Martin , Kochs Georg , Beer Julius , Schnepf Daniel , Schwemmle Martin , Bollen Nena , Kolb Philipp , Huber Magdalena , Ulferts Svenja , Weigang Sebastian , Dudas Gytis , Wittig Alice , Jaki Lena , Padane Abdou , Lagare Adamou , Salou Mounerou , Ozer Egon Anderson , Nnaemeka Ndodo , Odoom John Kofi , Rutayisire Robert , Benkahla Alia , Akoua-Koffi Chantal , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam , Simon-Lorière Etienne , Enouf Vincent , Kröger Stefan , Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien , Baele Guy , Panning Marcus , Fuchs Jonas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn spring 2021, an increasing number of infections was observed caused by the hitherto rarely described SARS-CoV-2 variant A.27 in south-west Germany. From December 2020 to June 2021 this lineage has been detected in 31 countries. Phylogeographic analyses of A.27 sequences obtained from national and international databases reveal a global spread of this lineage through multiple introductions from its inferred origin in Western Africa. Variant A.27 is characterized by a mutational pattern in the spike gene that includes the L18F, L452R and N501Y spike amino acid substitutions found in various variants of concern but lacks the globally dominant D614G. Neutralization assays demonstrate an escape of A.27 from convalescent and vaccine-elicited antibody-mediated immunity. Moreover, the therapeutic monoclonal antibody Bamlanivimab and partially the REGN-COV2 cocktail fail to block infection by A.27. Our data emphasize the need for continued global monitoring of novel lineages because of the independent evolution of new escape mutations.
Obesity-induced galectin-9 is a therapeutic target in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lee Miyoung , Hamilton Jamie A. G. , Talekar Ganesh R. , Ross Anthony J. , Michael Langston , Rupji Manali , Dwivedi Bhakti , Raikar Sunil S. , Boss Jeremy , Scharer Christopher D. , Graham Douglas K. , DeRyckere Deborah , Porter Christopher C. , Henry Curtis J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe incidence of obesity is rising with greater than 40% of the world’s population expected to be overweight or suffering from obesity by 2030. This is alarming because obesity increases mortality rates in patients with various cancer subtypes including leukemia. The survival differences between lean patients and patients with obesity are largely attributed to altered drug pharmacokinetics in patients receiving chemotherapy; whereas, the direct impact of an adipocyte-enriched microenvironment on cancer cells is rarely considered. Here we show that the adipocyte secretome upregulates the surface expression of Galectin-9 (GAL-9) on human B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (B-ALL) which promotes chemoresistance. Antibody-mediated targeting of GAL-9 on B-ALL cells induces DNA damage, alters cell cycle progression, and promotes apoptosis in vitro and significantly extends the survival of obese but not lean mice with aggressive B-ALL. Our studies reveal that adipocyte-mediated upregulation of GAL-9 on B-ALL cells can be targeted with antibody-based therapies to overcome obesity-induced chemoresistance.
Distribution and quantification of remotely generated Wigner negativity
Authors: Xiang Yu , Liu Shuheng , Guo Jiajie , Gong Qihuang , Treps Nicolas , He Qiongyi , Walschaers Mattia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWigner negativity, as a well-known indicator of nonclassicality, plays an essential role in quantum computing and simulation using continuous-variable systems. The conditional preparation of Wigner-negative states through appropriate non-Gaussian operations on an auxiliary mode is common procedure in quantum optics experiments. Motivated by the demand of real-world quantum network, here we investigate the remote creation and distribution of Wigner negativity in the multipartite scenario from a quantitative perspective. By establishing a monogamy relation akin to the generalized Coffman-Kundu-Wootters inequality, we show that the amount of Wigner negativity cannot be freely distributed among different modes. Moreover, for photon subtraction—one of the main experimentally realized non-Gaussian operations—we provide an intuitive method to quantify remotely generated Wigner negativity. Our results pave the way for exploiting Wigner negativity as a valuable resource for numerous quantum information protocols based on non-Gaussian scenario.
Inverted fine structure of a 6H-SiC qubit enabling robust spin-photon interface
Authors: Breev I. D. , Shang Z. , Poshakinskiy A. V. , Singh H. , Berencén Y. , Hollenbach M. , Nagalyuk S. S. , Mokhov E. N. , Babunts R. A. , Baranov P. G. , Suter D. , Tarasenko S. A. , Astakhov G. V. , Anisimov A. N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractControllable solid-state spin qubits are currently becoming useful building blocks for applied quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate that in a specific type of silicon-vacancy in the 6H-SiC polytype the excited-state fine structure is inverted, compared to 4H-SiC. From the angular polarization dependencies of the emission, we reconstruct the spatial symmetry and determine the optical selection rules depending on the local deformation and spin–orbit interaction. We show that this system is well suited for the implementation of robust spin–photon entanglement schemes. Furthermore, the inverted fine structure leads to unexpected behavior of the spin readout contrast. It vanishes and recovers with lattice cooling due to two competing optical spin pumping mechanisms. Our experimental and theoretical approaches provide a deep insight into the optical and spin properties of atomic-scale qubits in SiC required for quantum communication and distributed quantum information processing.
Association between long-term usage of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and lung cancer in the elderly: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Liu Chien-Ting , Yang Chuan-Chi , Chien Wu-Chien , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Tsai Chien-Sung , Tsai Yi-Ting , Lin Chih-Yuan , Lin Yi-Chang , Chen Yi-Shi , Tzeng Nian-Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) usage and the risk of lung cancer. Data from 116,106 new users of AChEI and 348,318, at a ratio of 1:3, matched by age, sex, and index-year, between 2000 and 2015 controls were obtained from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in this cohort study. The Cox regression model was used to compare the risk of lung cancer. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of lung cancer for AChEI users was 1.198 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.765–1.774, p = 0.167). However, the adjusted HR for patients aged ≥ 65 was adjusted to HR: 1.498 (95% CI = 1.124–1.798, p < 0.001), in contrast to the comparison groups. In addition, patients with comorbidities such as pneumonia, bronchiectasis, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary alveolar pneumonopathy, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, depression, anxiety, smoking-related diseases, dementia, and seeking medical help from medical centers and regional hospitals, were associated with a higher risk in lung cancer. Furthermore, longer-term usage of rivastigmine (366–730 days, ≥ 731 days) and galantamine (≥ 731 days) was associated with the risk of lung cancer. AChEI increased the risk of lung cancer in the older aged patients, several comorbidities, and a longer-term usage of rivastigmine and galantamine. Therefore, physicians should estimate the risks and benefits of AChEI usage and avoid prescribing antidepressants concurrently.
Analysis of a silicon comb structure using an inverse Talbot–Lau neutron grating interferometer
Authors: Kim Youngju , Kim Daeseung , Hussey Daniel S. , Kim Jongyul , Mirzaei Mona , Pushin Dmitry A. , Clark Charles W. , Lee Seung Wook 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe an inverse Talbot–Lau neutron grating interferometer that provides an extended autocorrelation length range for quantitative dark-field imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Talbot–Lau neutron grating interferometer (nTLI) with inverse geometry. We demonstrate a range of autocorrelation lengths (ACL) starting at low tens of nanometers, which is significantly extended compared to the ranges of conventional and symmetric setups. ACLs from a minimum of 44 nm to the maximum of 3.5 μm were presented for the designed wavelength of 4.4 Å in experiments. Additionally, the inverse nTLI has neutron-absorbing gratings with an optically thick gadolinium oxysulfide (Gadox) structure, allowing it to provide a visibility of up to 52% while maintaining a large field of view of approximately 100 mm × 100 mm. We demonstrate the application of our interferometer to quantitative dark-field imaging by using diluted polystyrene particles in an aqueous solution and silicon comb structures. We obtain quantitative structural information of the sphere size and concentration of diluted polystyrene particles and the period, height, and duty cycle of the silicon comb structures. The optically thick Gadox structure of the analyzer grating also provides improved characteristics for the correction of incoherent neutron scattering in an aqueous solution compared to the symmetric nTLI.
Diffusive model to assess the release of chemicals from a material under intermittent release conditions
Authors: Frezzato Diego , Stocco Gianluca , Boscaro Enrico , Ferraro Marco , Tapparo Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider the archetype situation of a chemical species that diffuses in a material and irreversibly escapes through the interface. In our setup, the interface switches between two states corresponding to ‘release phase’ (absorbing boundary) during which the species is released to the exterior, and ‘pause phase’ (reflecting boundary) during which the species is not released and its concentration profile inside the material partially relaxes back to uniformity. By combining numerical solution of the diffusion equation and statistical analysis of the outcomes, we derive upper and lower bounds and an empirical approximation for the amount of species released up to a certain time, in which the only information about the release-pause alternation schedule is the number of release phases and the average duration of a release phase. The methodology is developed thinking especially to dermal exposure assessment in the case of a slab-like homogeneous material irreversibly releasing chemicals during a number of contacts. However, upon proper extensions, this approach might be useful for inspecting other situations that are encountered, for instance, when dealing with leakage of chemicals in environmental contexts and regulatory toxicology.
Anti-inflammatory effects of an autologous gold-based serum therapy in osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Feldt Jessica , Donaubauer Anna-Jasmina , Welss Jessica , Schneider Ulrich , Gaipl Udo S. , Paulsen Friedrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) involves activation and recruitment of immune cells to affected joints, including the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, a gold-based autologous serum therapy is investigated for its effect on peripheral blood cell composition and cytokine levels in OA patients. From six OA patients serum and blood samples were collected before and after second therapy treatment for analysis of peripheral blood cell composition as well as cytokine levels compared to control samples. This therapy significantly downregulates CD4+ T cells and B cells in OA patients after second treatment compared to healthy controls. Monocytes are significantly upregulated in patients after second treatment Serum IL-9 and TNF-α levels are downregulated in patients after second treatment compared to healthy control serum. The activation status of immune cells was modulated after therapy in patients. Anti-inflammatory effects of the peripheral blood cell composition in OA patients can be seen after therapy treatment. After two treatments IL-9 and TNF-α are significantly downregulated in patient serum. Here, primary data of a new autologous therapy for OA treatment and its modulatory effects on cytokines are presented.