bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Hemolysin Type 1 Secretion System in Escherichia coli by Directed Evolution of the Hly Enhancer Fragment and Including a Terminator Region
Authors: Pourhassan N. Zohreh , Cui Haiyang , Khosa Sakshi , Davari Mehdi D. , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Smits Sander H. J. , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Schmitt Lutz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractType 1 secretion systems (T1SS) have a relatively simple architecture compared to other classes of secretion systems and therefore, are attractive to be optimized by protein engineering. Here, we report a KnowVolution campaign for the hemolysin (Hly) enhancer fragment, an untranslated region upstream of the hlyA gene, of the hemolysin T1SS of Escherichia coli to enhance its secretion efficiency. The best performing variant of the Hly enhancer fragment contained five nucleotide mutations at five positions (A30U, A36U, A54G, A81U, and A116U) resulted in a 2‐fold increase in the secretion level of a model lipase fused to the secretion carrier HlyA1. Computational analysis suggested that altered affinity to the generated enhancer fragment towards the S1 ribosomal protein contributes to the enhanced secretion levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that involving a native terminator region along with the generated Hly enhancer fragment increased the secretion levels of the Hly system up to 5‐fold.
CuSn Double‐Metal Hydroxides for Direct Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen
Authors: Hou Jing , Cheng Yingying , Pan Hui , Kang Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDirect electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (dAOR) to form N2 is of great significance to process ammonia‐containing wastewater or to make efficient ammonia fuel cells. Herein, CuSn double‐metal hydroxides are synthesized via a co‐precipitation method and used in dAOR with 10 mM
−N Among the synthesized hydroxides, CuSn(OH)6 shows a decent
−N partial current density (1.2 mA cm−2) and a substantially higher
−N Faradaic efficiency (84.5 %). In situ infrared spectroscopy confirms that the intermediacy of
dimeric species facilitates the formation of desired N2 product during the dAOR process. The synergy between Cu and Sn is critical for the enhanced dAOR activity, as Cu serves as the catalytic center while Sn adsorbs
−N intensively.
Progress in electrolyte and interface of hard carbon and graphite anode for sodium‐ion battery
Authors: Liu Qi , Xu Rigan , Mu Daobin , Tan Guoqiang , Gao Hongcai , Li Ning , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is essential to replace lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) from the perspective of the Earth's resources and the sustainable development of mankind. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are important candidates due to their low price and abundant storage capacity. Hard carbon (HC) and graphite have important applications in anode materials of SIBs. In this review, the research progress in electrolyte and interface between HC and graphite anode for SIBs is summarized. The properties and performance of three types of widely used electrolytes (carbonate ester, ether, and ionic liquid) with additives, as well as the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which are crucial to the reversible capacity and rate capability of HC anodes, are also discussed. In this review, the co‐intercalation performance and mechanism of solvation Na+ into graphite are summarized. Besides, the faced challenges and existing problems in this field are also succinctly highlighted.
Understanding electrolyte salt chemistry for advanced potassium storage performances of transition‐metal sulfides
Authors: Ma Guangyao , Wang Yingying , Song Jinmei , Song Kepeng , Wang Nana , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide/carbon nanotubes assembled by ultrathin nanosheets are synthesized to illustrate the electrolyte salt chemistry via potassium bis‐(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) versus potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6). Compared to the case of KPF6, the electrochemical performances using KFSI as the electrolyte salt are greatly improved: ~275 mAh g−1after 15,000 cycles at 1 A g−1, or ~172 mAh g−1even at 40 A g−1. These results represent one of the best performances for the reported anode materials. The enhanced performances could be attributed to the FSI‐induced changes in the solvate structures, that is, a large solvation energy, a high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and a small bonding dissociation energy of S–F. In this case, a uniform and robust solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is produced, improving the mechanical properties and the interface integrity. Then, the uncontrollable fracture and repeated growth of SEI, which always lead to the dissolution of sulfur species and the blockage of charge transfer in the case of KPF6, are well inhibited. This similar enhancement works for other sulfides by KFSI, demonstrating the general importance of this electrolyte salt chemistry.
H/F Substitution Induced Large Increase of Tc in a 3D Hybrid Rare‐Earth Double Perovskite Multifunctional Compound
Authors: Xu Qi , Ye Le , Liao Rong‐Meng , An Zhen , Wang Chang‐Feng , Miao Le‐Ping , Shi Chao , Ye Heng‐Yun , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasing attention has been devoted to studying perovskite‐type multifunctional stimuli‐responsive materials with multiple channel physical characteristics. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve multifunction and regulate structural phase transition temperature in hybrid perovskites. Here, we report two three‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid rare‐earth double perovskite compounds, (HQ)2RbEu(NO3)6 (1, HQ=quinuclidium) and (4FHQ)2RbEu(NO3)6 (2, 4FHQ=4‐fluoro‐quinuclidium), which exhibit ferroelasticity, dielectric switch, and excellent photoluminescence response. The phase transition temperature of 2 increases 169 K compared with 1 through H/F substitution. This result is attributed to the H/F substitution inducing the generation of the Rb‐F coordination bond between cations and anions. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence emission intensity of 2 shows no quench with the increase of temperature, in particular, the emission spectrum achieves fine regulation at high temperatures. This work provides a new solution for the realization of multi‐functions and regulations of the properties based on hybrid perovskite materials with high critical temperatures.
On the Road Toward More Efficient Biocompatible Two‐Photon Excitable Fluorophores
Authors: Auvray Marie , Bolze Frédéric , Naud‐Martin Delphine , Poulain Matthieu , Bossuat Margaux , Clavier Gilles , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRed‐to‐NIR absorption and emission wavelengths are key requirements for intravital bioimaging. One of the way to reach such excitation wavelengths is to use two‐photon excitation. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of two‐photon excitable fluorophores that are both efficient and biocompatible. Thus, we design a series of biocompatible quadrupolar dyes in order to study their ability to be used for live‐cell imaging, and in particular for two‐photon microscopy. Hence, we report the synthesis of 5 probes based on different donor cores (phenoxazine, acridane, phenazasiline and phenothiazine) and the study of their linear and non‐linear photophysical properties. TD‐DFT calculations were performed and were able to highlight the structure‐property relationship of this series. All these studies highlight the great potential of three of these biocompatible dyes for two‐photon microscopy, as they both exhibit high two‐photon cross‐sections (up to 3650 GM) and emit orange to red light. This potential was confirmed through live‐cell two‐photon microscopy experiments, leading to images with very high brightness and contrast.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of NHC‐Coinage Metal Amido and Thiolato Complexes: A Mechanism‐based Process Development
Authors: Cauwenbergh Thibault , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Scattolin Thomas , Simoens Andreas , Stevens Christian V. , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe first continuous flow syntheses of amido and thiolato families are reported. Our studies focused on [M(NHC)(Cbz)] (Cbz=carbazolyl) and [M(NHC)(SPh)] (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) as general proof‐of‐concepts and has led to a simple protocol with unprecedented short reaction times and high product yields. The scope of supporting ligands and substrates permits to assess the versatility of the process and a one‐pot synthesis starting from the imidazolium salt, metal source and carbazole substrate highlights the simplicity and sustainability of this operating design. The process was made possible through a detailed mechanistic understanding of the underlying reaction chemistry.
The microRNA‐204‐5p inhibits APJ signalling and confers resistance to cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction
Authors: Gaddam Ravinder Reddy , Kim Young‐Rae , Jacobs Julia S. , Yoon Jin‐Young , Li Qiuxia , Cai Angela , Shankaiahgari Hamsitha , London Barry , Irani Kaikobad , Vikram Ajit 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundMicroRNAs regulate cardiac hypertrophy development, which precedes and predicts the risk of heart failure. microRNA‐204‐5p (miR‐204) is well expressed in cardiomyocytes, but its role in developing cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction (CH/CD) remains poorly understood.Methods: We performed RNA‐sequencing, echocardiographic, and molecular/morphometric analysis of the heart of mice lacking or overexpressing miR‐204 five weeks after trans‐aortic constriction (TAC). The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, H9C2, and HEK293 cells were used to determine the mechanistic role of miR‐204.ResultsThe stretch induces miR‐204 expression, and miR‐204 inhibits the stretch‐induced hypertrophic response of H9C2 cells. The mice lacking miR‐204 displayed a higher susceptibility to CH/CD during pressure overload, which was reversed by the adeno‐associated virus serotype‐9‐mediated cardioselective miR‐204 overexpression. Bioinformatic analysis of the cardiac transcriptomics of miR‐204 knockout mice following pressure overload suggested deregulation of apelin‐receptor (APJ) signalling. We found that the stretch‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and hypertrophy‐related genes expression depend on the APJ, and both of these effects are subject to miR‐204 levels. The dynamin inhibitor dynasore inhibited both stretch‐induced APJ endocytosis and ERK1/2 activation. In contrast, the miR‐204‐induced APJ endocytosis was neither inhibited by dynamin inhibitors (dynasore and dyngo) nor associated with ERK1/2 activation. We find that the miR‐204 increases the expression of ras‐associated binding proteins (e.g., Rab5a, Rab7) that regulate cellular endocytosis.ConclusionsOur results show that miR‐204 regulates trafficking of APJ and confers resistance to pressure overload‐induced CH/CD, and boosting miR‐204 can inhibit the development of CH/CD.
Emerging therapies in pediatric atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Bowles Alexandra , Logas Christopher M. , Glick Brad P. , Del Rosso James Q. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is a difficult disease to treat and novel treatments, both topical and systemic, are continuously being investigated. The current approved treatments for pediatric AD include topical anti‐inflammatory therapies such as topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. Current systemic therapies approve for pediatric patients of various ages include dupilumab, cyclosporine, azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil. While these treatments have been used for many years, the efficacy and safety of these medications have been questioned. Currently, there are multiple ongoing investigational studies looking at various topical and systemic treatments that have promising results for the pediatric population, even those as young as 6 months of age. Pediatric atopic dermatitis management is constantly evolving, and physicians should be aware of current studies and approved regimens to provide their patient's with the best care.
Sex differences in proteomic correlates of coronary microvascular dysfunction among patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Chandramouli Chanchal , Ting Tay W. , Tromp Jasper , Agarwal Anubha , Svedlund Sara , Saraste Antti , Hage Camilla , Tan Ru‐San , Beussink‐Nelson Lauren , Lagerström Fermer Maria , Gan Li‐Ming , Lund Lars , Shah Sanjiv J. , Lam Carolyn S.P. 
Published: January 2022

AimsLittle information is available on sex differences in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We investigated sex‐specific proteomic profiles associated with CMD in patients with HFpEF.Methods and resultsUsing the prospective multinational PROMIS‐HFpEF study (Prevalence of Microvascular Dysfunction in HFpEF; n = 182; 54.6% women), we compared clinical and biomarker correlates of CMD (defined as coronary flow reserve [CFR] <2.5) between men and women with HFpEF. We used lasso penalized regression to analyse 242 biomarkers from high‐throughput proximity extension assays, adjusting for age, body mass index, creatinine, smoking and study site. The prevalence of CMD was similarly high in men and women with HFpEF (77% vs. 70%; p = 0.27). Proteomic correlates of CFR differed by sex, with 10 versus 16 non‐overlapping biomarkers independently associated with CFR in men versus women, respectively. In men, proteomic correlates of CFR included chemokine ligand 20, brain natriuretic peptide, proteinase 3, transglutaminase 2, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14. Among women, the strongest proteomic correlates with CFR were insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1, phage shock protein D, CUB domain‐containing protein 1, prostasin, decorin, FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3, ligand growth differentiation factor 15, spondin‐1, delta/notch‐like epidermal growth factor‐related receptor and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B. Pathway analyses suggested that CMD was related to the inflammation‐mediated chemokine and cytokine signalling pathway among men with HFpEF, and the P13‐kinase and transforming growth factor‐beta signalling pathway among women with HFpEF.ConclusionWhile the prevalence of CMD among men and women with HFpEF is similar, the drivers of microvascular dysfunction may differ by sex. The current inflammatory paradigm of CMD in HFpEF potentially predominates in men, while derangement in ventricular remodelling and fibrosis may play a more important role in women.
An Unexpected Formation of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles from α,α‐Diiodo‐α’‐acetoxyketones and o‐Phenylenediamines
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Mondal Swagata , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn unusual reactivity of the α,α‐diiodo‐α’‐acetoxyketones with o‐phenylenediamines is reported through the formation of 2‐arylbenzimidazoles. A systematic study through a series of fruitful control experiments and isolation of key intermediates unravelled the unprecedented domino mechanism. This process involves a stepwise two‐carbon fragmentation pathway through domino and sequential amidation–aziridination–decarbonylation–I2‐mediated aminative cyclization–oxidation reactions. This strategy employs no additives like oxidant, metal catalyst, bases, and represents yet another novel reactivity profile of the building blocks α,α‐diiodo‐α’‐acetoxyketones.
Dual Catalysis in Rhodium(II) Carbenoid Chemistry
Authors: Bain Anae I. , Chinthapally Kiran , Hunter Arianne C. , Sharma Indrajeet 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDual catalysis represents an alternative archetype in carbene chemistry that surpasses traditional single catalyst systems. By employing dual catalyst systems, one can improve the efficiency of existing reactions and enable new chemical transformations. Reactions involving dual synergistic catalysis are increasingly valuable as they offer convenient strategies for synthesizing challenging quaternary carbon centers and bioactive core structures. This review article focuses on trapping diazo‐derived, rhodium (II) zwitterionic intermediates with varying electrophiles such as Michael acceptors, alkynes, π‐allyl Pd(II) complexes, and the Nicholas intermediate.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroallylation of Vinylsilanes
Authors: Wang Simin , Zhang Qiao , Niu Junbo , Guo Xiaobing , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroallylation of readily available vinylsilanes with allylic phosphates in the presence of hydrosilane was developed. These transformations can be performed under mild reaction conditions and provide the useful chiral organosilanes with good to excellent level of enantiocontrol.
Innate‐like bystander‐activated CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+T cells play a pathogenic role in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hao , Fan Jian‐He , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Chang Shu‐Ting , Yang Chan‐Keng , Teng Wei , Wu Tsung‐Han , Hsieh Yi‐Chung , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Sheen I‐Shyan , Lin Yung‐Chang , Lin Chun‐Yen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
HCV‐specific T cells are few and exhausted in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Whether these T cells are responsible for the liver damage and fibrosis is still debated. However, cluster of differentiation 38–positive (CD38+) human leukocyte antigen DR–positive (HLA‐DR+) CD8+ T cells are regarded as bystander CD8+ T cells that cause liver injury in acute hepatitis. We propose that these innate CD8+ T cells play a pathogenic role in CHC.

Methods
Lymphocytes from peripheral blood were obtained from 108 patients with CHC and 43 healthy subjects. Immunophenotyping, functional assays, T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and cytotoxic assay of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells were studied.

Results
The percentage of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells increased significantly in patients with CHC. These cells expressed higher levels of effector memory and proinflammatory chemokine molecules and showed higher interferon‐γ production than CD38−HLA‐DR− CD8 T cells. They were largely composed of non‐HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells as assessed by HLA‐A2‐restricted pentamers and next‐generation sequencing analysis of the TCR repertoire. In addition, these CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells had strong cytotoxicity, which could be inhibited by anti–DNAX accessory molecule 1, anti–NKG2 family member D, and anti–natural killer NKp30 antibodies. Lastly, the percentage of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells was significantly associated with liver injury and fibrosis and decreased significantly along with serum alanine aminotransferase normalization after successful direct‐acting antiviral treatment.

Conclusions
The TCR‐independent, cytokine‐responsive bystander CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells are strongly cytotoxic and play a pathogenic role in patients with CHC.
Influence of radiation and viscous dissipation on MHD heat transfer Casson nanofluid flow along a nonlinear stretching surface with chemical reaction
Authors: Reddy Y. Dharmendar , Goud B. Shankar , Chamkha Ali J. , Kumar M. Anil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present article investigates the influence of Joule heating and chemical reaction on magneto Casson nanofluid phenomena in the occurrence of thermal radiation through a porous inclined stretching sheet. Consideration is extended to heat absorption/generation and viscous dissipation. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and numerically solved using the Implicit Finite Difference technique. The article analyses the effect of various physical flow parameters on velocity, heat, and mass transfer distributions. For the various involved parameters, the graphical and numerical outcomes are established. The analysis reveals that the enhancement of the radiation parameter increases the temperature and the chemical reaction parameter decreases the concentration profile. The empirical data presented were compared with previously published findings.
Numerical assessments of bed morphological evolution in mountain river confluences under effects of hydro‐morphological factors
Authors: Yan Xu‐Feng , Duan Huan‐Feng , Yang Qing‐Yuan , Liu Tong‐Huan , Sun Yi , Wang Xie‐Kang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding hydro‐morphological characteristics in mountain river confluences is significant in flood disaster mitigation and mountain river restoration, which is still poorly explored. This study employed a 2D hydro‐morphological model based on the finite element method to simulate the major bed morphological features in a mountainous‐type flume confluence and evaluate the effects of main controlling factors on these features. The modelling results show that the dominant bed morphological features in mountain river confluences can be well produced by the 2D model. Five controlling factors including downstream water level (H), branch discharge ratio (Qr), main channel sediment supply ratio (ψ), tributary slope (St) and confluence angle (α) reflecting different flow‐sediment‐geometry scenarios were adopted into a sensitive study. The upstream reach of the main channel is controlled by H and ψ and their decreases lead to bed degradation. The increase in Qr, St, and α mainly results in bed aggradation and steepening in the tributary, attaining a higher sediment transport rate. This contrasts the existing experimental results, due to the difference in sediment feeding. The size of the bank‐attached bar is promoted by the increase in Qr, St, and α and the decrease in H and ψ. A quantitative analysis shows that the water surface slope well correlates with various dimensions of the scour hole and bar morphology (correlation = 0.58–0.8). Meanwhile, the bank‐attached bar displays a strong self‐similarity (correlation = 0.84–0.98) regarding its geometric dimensions. This study provides new insights into the existing knowledge of the hydro‐sediment‐morphodynamics of mountain river confluences obtained from laboratory studies and field investigations.
Quality of care for abortion‐related complications: Insights from the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion‐related Morbidity across 11 African countries
Authors: Kouanda Seni , Qureshi Zahida 
Published: January 2022

SynopsisA collection of seven papers from the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion‐related morbidity (MCS‐A) using secondary data analysis to assess the quality of care for abortion‐related complications in facilities in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Update on seizure and therapeutic drug monitoring in dogs and cats
Authors: Green Matt , Lowrie Mark 
Published: January 2022

Background: Epilepsy is defined as the propensity to suffer recurring unprovoked epileptic seizures and is one of the most frequently encountered neurological complaints seen in veterinary practice. Effective management of these cases requires accurate identification and diagnosis, appropriate client communication, as well as regular monitoring of seizure progression and response to therapy.Aim of the article: This article provides an update on the diagnosis of epileptic seizures and how to manage such cases with use of anti‐epileptic drugs, including imepitoin, which is a relatively recent addition to the range of available therapies.