bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quiet Tsunami
Authors: Eller Jack David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Both scholars and the general public have tended to assume that Islam is immune to modernization and secularization and that Muslims are all fanatical religionists. However, the growing and increasingly active number of nonbelievers in Muslim-majority countries has been called a tsunami by religious authorities. This article surveys the current research on nonreligion and atheism in Islam-dominated countries, with special attention to Egypt. After examining the statistical information on nonbelief, including in unlikely places such as Iran and Saudi Arabia, the article considers the terminology of nonbelief in Arabic, which is not equivalent to English terminology and illustrates the local nature of nonreligion, constructed in relation to local concepts of religion. The article then discusses the social and legal perils of nonbelievers in societies still committed to religious belief and finally investigates the lives and activities of nonbelievers and atheists, individually, in groups, and online. The article concludes with some reflections on modernization and secularization, noting the forces that have made nonbelief more possible and prevalent in Muslim-majority contexts but also led to multiple specific secularities and atheisms.
Has Religion Been Explained Away?
Authors: Atkinson Andrew Ross 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper re-engages with the science versus religion debate in the light of the last three decades of scholarly progress in the study of religion coming from the cognitive and evolutionary sciences of religion. I begin by asking (1) ‘if it is indeed possible to account for the origins of religious belief, its cultural transmission and evolution, and its maintenance—without any appeal to the real existence of any supernatural deity—then are we in a position to say we have explained it all away?’ If we are, how does this affect central themes in the philosophy of religion about God’s existence? In (2) I provide an outline of the cognitive and evolutionary approach to explaining religion. In section (3) I discuss abductive reasoning (3.1), problems with the accusation of having committed the genetic fallacy when answering (1) in favour of positive atheism (3.2), the need for first-order justifications of religious belief (3.3), and in (3.4) a peculiar divine attribute (i.e. omnipotent potential in a causal chain of events) that appears to immunise religious belief in a particular kind of supernatural deity from having been explained away.
The Great Man Theory of History and the Paleolithic Curse of Humankind
Authors: Ellerman Carl P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study is motivated by the plea of a renowned philosopher who urged humankind to break the habit of reverencing and submitting to seemingly great human beings, whose great mistakes issue in tragic historical events that threaten the survival of civilization. Conceiving World War Two as a modern tragedy, and using instructive elements of this era to identify an enraptured nation’s worship of a seemingly great leader, the author sources evolutionary biology to evidence the thesis that hereditary human nature, now conceived as a maladaptive Paleolithic Curse, is the origin of humankind’s emotional instability, ruinous aggression, enduring worship of fallible alphas, divisive tribalism, and mastery of artful deceptions. While challenging the facile claim of epigenetic science that education will produce a worldwide enlightenment enabling humankind to defeat the Paleolithic Curse, the forced choice of retrofitting the human genotype by advocates of volitional selection underlies this analysis of humankind’s lesser greatness.
Articulating Korean American Women’s Power Amidst Conflicts of Colonialism and War in Helie Lee’s Still Life with Rice
Authors: Praphan Kittiphong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Gender is a quintessential issue in Asian American literature, since Asian Americans are seen as weak with feminine qualities, according to the Western colonial concept. This paper examines Korean American women’s power through an analysis of Hongyong, the female protagonist in Helie Lee’s Still Life with Rice, who survives Japanese colonization in Korea and the Korean War and finally starts her new life as a Korean American woman in the United States. Hongyong goes beyond the concept of patriarchy in Korea and rescues herself and her family with her intelligence, determination, power, and bravery. As an Asian woman who successfully resettles in the United States, her achievement refutes the Western colonial concept which double-feminizes Asian women and the binary concept about the West and the East. Through Hongyong, the image of Korean American women, as part of Asian American women, is transformed from weak and powerless to strong and powerful.
Thailand’s Trade Relations with the German Democratic Republic: the Example of Carl Zeiss Jena
Authors: Warning Christina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the example of one of the German Democratic Republic’s (gdr) most renowned high-tech companies, Carl Zeiss Jena, this article argues that despite global and regional pressures, Thailand’s international trade relations have been nurtured largely without reference to ideological bias. Founded in 1846, the Carl Zeiss Jena Company grew to become an important patent holder in the production and export of precision optical instruments. By the 1930s, Carl Zeiss Jena was already an important international player, attracting military institutions and land surveying specialists, including clients from Siam/Thailand. In the decads to come, Carl Zeiss Jena’s relations with Thailand transcended the major global conflicts of the twentieth century, most notably the acrimonious Cold War period and Germany’s partition. This stability is a testament to the flexibility with which Thailand’s diplomatic and military elites have been willing to engage with diverse partners regardless of political affiliations and fundamental ideological differences.
The Wreck of the Galleon San Francisco (1609): Anatomy of a Maritime Disaster in the Manila-Acapulco Trade Route
Authors: Casabán Jose L. , Kimura Jun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Manila galleon San Francisco sank off the coast of Japan in 1609 after almost two months of sailing through storms and hurricanes that damaged the ship to the point that it was carrying more than two metres of water in its hold. This article provides an account of the final journey of San Francisco according to primary and secondary sources. It also proposes a set of theoretical dimensions for the galleon based on its tonnage, contemporary vessels of similar tonnages, hull ratios provided in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century shipbuilding treatises and ordinances, and archaeological parallels. In addition, the authors estimate possible distances from the wreck of the galleon to the shore, using the distances provided in accounts of wreck and contemporary marine leagues, and the theoretical draft of the vessel.
Longitudinal Relations Among Executive Function, Theory of Mind, and Japanese Language Skills Achievement in Elementary School: A 4-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Nakamichi Keito , Nakamichi Naoko , Nakazawa Jun 
Published: October 2022

This longitudinal study investigated the roles of elementary schoolers’ executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) as predictors in their academic achievements in Japanese language skills (e.g., speaking and listening ability, writing ability, reading ability, and linguistic knowledge) from first through fifth grade. We assessed the EF, ToM, and academic achievements of 85 Japanese elementary schoolers, when they were grade 1 ( M = 90.19 months) and grade 3 ( M = 114.34 months). Moreover, academic achievements of same children tested in grade 5 ( M = 137.92 months). A path analysis revealed that EF abilities in Grades 1 and 3 predicted Japanese language achievement via ToM ability, and EF and ToM in Grade 1 had an indirect effect on achievements in Grades 3 and 5. Further, Japanese language skills achievement in Grade 1 predicted EF ability in Grade 3 and EF predicted achievement in Grade 5. These findings indicate the vital role of elementary schoolers’ EF on academic achievement in Japan.
“It’s pretty much flying blind in the home care setting”: A qualitative study on the influence of home care specific circumstances on sedation in specialist palliative home care
Authors: Meesters Sophie , Bazata Jeremias , Handtke Violet , Gehrmann Jan , Kurkowski Sandra , Klein Carsten , Bausewein Claudia , Schildmann Eva ,   for the SedPall Study Group
Published: October 2022

Background: Existing data on sedation at the end of life indicate challenges in the home care setting, leading to deviations from guidelines or non-provision of sedation. Aim: As part of the “SedPall” study, we aimed to explore circumstances in specialist palliative home care, which influence the practice of sedation. Design: Semi-structured qualitative interviews ( n = 59) and two focus groups ( n = 4, n = 5). Recruitment took place via contact persons. We thematically analyzed the transcripts with the Framework Approach, using MAXQDA 2018.2. Setting/participants: Physicians, nurses, and other members of the multiprofessional team from 10 palliative care units and seven home care teams. Results: Participants reported home care specific circumstances that can be categorized into three interrelated topics. (1) Lack of 24/7 on-site availability, (2) active involvement of the family, (3) challenges regarding teamwork and multidisciplinarity. Participants drew different conclusions from the reported circumstances regarding the feasibility of different types of sedation at home: While some reported to generally use all types of sedation, others stated that some types of sedation are not feasible in home care, for example deep sedation until death. Most participants questioned the applicability of existing sedation guidelines in the home care setting. Conclusion: Our data indicate that sedation practices might currently follow the healthcare professional’s attitude or service policy rather than the patient’s need. To avoid hospital admission in manageable cases and ensure that home care specific best practice standards are met, existing guideline recommendations have to be adapted and supplemented by additional supporting measures specific for the home care setting.
Contesting Method and Theory Between Europe and Asia: Asian Studies in Turkey
Authors: Esenbel Selçuk , Togan Isenbike 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the content of this thematic issue of Diogenes on Asian studies in Turkey. It explains the origins of this set of papers in light of relevant scholarship, relates it to current academic work in the field, and provides a rationale for issuing a volume on Asian scholarship in Turkey.
The Representation of Women as Post-Secondary Graduates and the Role of Educational Systems: Evidence From 51 Countries
Authors: Moorhouse Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

Women now earn well over half of bachelor’s and master’s degrees awarded in most countries around the world. Although this gender revolution in higher education is a global one, there is a good deal of cross-national variation in the representation of women as recipients of post-secondary degrees. Using a sample of both OECD and non-OECD countries, this study examines whether differences in educational systems help explain this cross-national variation. Women’s representation as master’s degree recipients are most strongly correlated with the institutional features of a country’s education system. The empirical results show that countries with later ages of first selection into distinct educational programs are associated with a greater representation of women earning master’s and (though this finding is less robust) doctoral degrees. The empirical evidence also shows that those countries with more educational programs available to students at age 15 award greater shares of master’s degrees to women. JEL codes: I21, I23, I24, J16
Functional Capacity and Difficulties in Activities of Daily Living From a Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Kekäläinen Tiia , Luchetti Martina , Sutin Angelina , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: This study investigated whether physical and cognitive functioning predicts developing difficulties in basic or instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL), and whether country-level factors moderated the associations. Methods: 69,227 adults aged 50+ from 19 countries were followed for up to 14 years. Cox regression and meta-regression analyses were used. Results: Higher grip strength was associated with a 45% lower risk of developing ADL limitations and a 47% lower risk of IADL limitations. The corresponding values were 22% and 23% for peak flow, 20% and 23% for word recall, and 20% and 24% for temporal orientation. The associations were similar and statistically significant in most countries, but some associations were weaker in countries with lower GDP and lower service coverage. Discussion: Good physical and cognitive functional capacity protects from ADL and IADL limitations consistently across Western countries. The associations may be stronger in countries with more resources.
Ethical sensitivity and compassion in home care: Leaders’ views
Authors: Blomqvist Heidi , Bergdahl Elisabeth , Hemberg Jessica 
Published: October 2022

Background With an increasing older population, the pressure on home care resources is growing, which makes it important to ensure the maintenance of quality care. It is known that compassion and ethical sensitivity can improve the quality of care, but little is known about care leaders’ perceptions on ethical sensitivity and compassion in home care and how it is associated with staff competence and thus quality of care. Aim The aim of the study was to explore home care leaders’ perceptions of ethical sensitivity and compassion associated with care quality in home care. Research design, participants, and research context A hermeneutical approach with a qualitative explorative design was used. The data consists of texts from 10 in-depth interviews with home care leaders. Content analysis was used as a method. Ethical considerations The study was conducted following the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Finnish Advisory Board of Research Ethics. Research ethics permission was applied for from a Research Ethics Board. Findings One overall theme and four subthemes were found. The overall theme was: “Compassion provides deeper meaning and ethical sensitivity provides means for knowing how to act”. Discussion If nurses fail to be sensitive and compassionate with patients, good and high qualitative home care cannot be achieved. Ethical sensitivity and compassion can be seen as resources in home care but the organization and the care leaders need to provide the support for these to develop. Conclusion This study provides an understanding of the meaning of ethical sensitivity and compassion as sources of strength and their link to quality of care in a home care context. Further studies could focus on how to build compassion and ethical sensitivity into home-based care and how to ensure adequate support for healthcare professionals’ compassion and ethical sensitivity.
Instructional Leadership Development Practices in Ethiopia: Curriculum Development and Implementation Practices, and Career Development Frameworks
Authors: Gedifew Matebe Tafere 
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is twofold: to examine the curriculum structure for instructional leaders’ training and development against the desired competences; and to evaluate the career development framework of instructional leaders. With these ends in view, the study examined the instructional leadership framework, the curriculum document, and the instructional leaders’ recruitment, selection and retention strategies. Unstructured interviews were made with purposely selected thirty-one (31) interviewees until information saturates. Hence, the perspectives of instructional leadership trainers, instructional leaders, zone education department heads, and national level education experts who were selected using a purposive sampling technique were explored through one-on-one interviews. The data analysis and presentation was made based on the major themes identified as purposes of the study. In the light of these, the qualitative data analysis discloses the absence of national instructional leadership framework from which instructional leadership curriculum should have emerged. It was also understood that the loosened curriculum development culture ultimately resulted in the curriculum’s lack of relevance to the desired competences for instructional leadership development. It was further learnt that there existed an absence of context specific recruitment, selection and retention strategies for instructional leaders. It is, therefore, concluded that the instructional leadership development practices of Ethiopia, seemed to have been deviating from expectations. Hence, it is recommended that there is a need to design a national instructional leadership development framework based on which the instructional leadership curriculum development and implementation practices could be managed. The recruitment, selection, and retention strategies should also involve incentive packages that could attract competent candidates to the profession. It is further recommended that there is a need to promote positive mindset exercises for instructional leaders to take their own professional development initiatives.
Quality of Life among LGBTQ Older Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Preston Russell 
Published: October 2022

Background: Sexual and gender minorities constitute a rapidly growing part of the older adult population in the United States and may face quality of life (QOL) challenges in older adulthood. Research on quality of life among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) older adults has increased dramatically since 2010. Common findings indicate that LGBTQ older adults face challenges related to personal experiences of discrimination, anticipated discrimination in health care settings, and lack of family support. Research designs were primarily nonprobability surveys, with a small number of qualitative designs and surveys using representative probability samples. Aim: To identify and summarize research on QOL among LGBTQ older adults conducted in the United States between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2020. Method: Four scholarly databases were searched to identify studies addressing QOL in LGBTQ older adult populations. Results: The database search produced a total 568 unique results. Of these, 54 research articles were identified that met all inclusion criteria for the review. Appraisal of evidence was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Conclusions: Care for mental health of LGBTQ older adults should be sensitive to issues including lifetime history of discrimination, anxiety about anticipated discrimination from health care providers, and potential lack of family support. Focus can also be given to common areas of strength, including strengthening nonfamily social networks.
Orthodontic apps: An assessment of content accuracy and validity
Authors: Prithiviraj Dharshini , Smyth Robert SD , Sharif Mohammad Owaise 
Published: October 2022

Objective: To assess the content accuracy of orthodontic treatment information in patient-focused apps. Design: A cross-sectional review study. Setting: Orthodontic apps available on the UK Android and Apple App Stores. Methods: Apps identified in a previous research study and those identified via a questionnaire of specialist orthodontists were assessed for accuracy of content utilising an evidence-based checklist. The checklist covered five main orthodontically relevant themes and 32 codes with respective items. Results: The accuracy of information content for 16 patient-focused apps was assessed. Eight apps provided information related to orthodontic treatment and handling emergencies. Five apps were reminder apps and a small number (n = 3) contained games and timers for toothbrushing and aligners. With regard to the accuracy of information content, only two apps contained information across all five themes of the evidence-based checklist. Only one app received a score of ‘fair - excellent’ under the oral hygiene theme; interestingly, this app was the most commonly used patient-focused app. Eight apps containing orthodontic treatment information scored poorly as they had inaccurate information on handling emergency situations. None of the apps were deemed excellent with regard to accuracy of information content. Conclusion: The orthodontic mobile apps assessed in this study mostly contained information of poor accuracy. Therefore, there is a need for high-quality apps with credible information supported by evidence to be developed.
Furosemide improves the stone clearance rate of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for kidney stones but not ureteral stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yao Feng , Li Ke , Huang ShiQuan , Cheng XueSong , Jiang XiaoLiang 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: We conducted a meta-analysis (MA) to investigate the effects of furosemide on the prognosis of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) therapy to remove renal (RS) and ureteric stones (US). Methods: We screened scientific databases including PubMed, Clinicalkey, Google Scholar, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, from the date of establishment until March 2022, to search for randomized controlled trials evaluating SWL, in combination with furosemide (experimental group) or with SWL alone (control group), in treating RS or US. Our search terms included furosemide, extracorporeal SWL, and urolithiasis. For this MA, we employed the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan version 5.3.0. Results: Six trials, involving 1344 participants, with RS ( n = 1097) and/or US ( n = 247), met our predefined criteria. This included 137 proximal ureteral stones (PUSs), 35 mid-ureteral stones (MUS), and 75 distal ureteral stones (DUS). In case of RS, the experimental group exhibited significantly enhanced clearance, relative to controls (risk ratio [RR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–1.25, p = 0.0002), yet there was no obvious difference in the PUS, MUS, and DUS (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.33, p = 0.10; odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.40–3.95, p = 0.69; RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.99–1.49, p = 0.06). There was also no marked difference between fragmentations in either group. Only reports of SWL treatment of RS provided adequate data on shocks, sessions, and complications for our analysis. Unfortunately, there was no significant alteration between the two groups. Conclusion: According to our analysis, furosemide strongly accelerates the clearance rate of SWL-treated RS. However, it does not enhance the fragmentation rate. Given this evidence, we propose that furosemide does not significantly improve the efficacy of SWL therapy in removing US. Registration: Our work is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020204780).