bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Anions Facilitate the Mobilization of Soil Organic Phosphorus and Enhances Its Subsequent Lability To Phosphatases
Authors: Richardson Alan E. , George Timothy , Hens Maarten , Delhaize Emmanuel , Ryan Peter , Simpson Richard , Hocking Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Organic anions commonly released from plant roots are widely reported to mobilize soil phosphorus (P). We characterized soil organic P that was mobilized by organic anions and assessed its amenability to hydrolysis by phosphatase enzymes.
Methods
Six soils differing in organic P content were extracted with citrate, malate or oxalate solutions and incubated with preparations of phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, or phytase. Organic P compounds present in these extracts were putatively identified and quantified with solution 31P NMR spectroscopy and the enzyme-labile P fractions were assessed by changes in molybdate reactive P (MRP) concentration.
Results
Organic P mobilization varied markedly among the organic anions. Extraction with 10 mM citrate was most effective and extracted 7.8-fold more total P than the water controls across all soils. Approximately 95% of the extracted P was non-MRP. The organic anions increased both the amount of P extracted and the proportion of the total extracted P that was phosphatase labile. Phytase was generally the most effective enzyme with up to 60% of the total non-MRP being amenable to hydrolysis by phytase across all extracts. The presence of inositol hexakisphosphates in the extracts, as well as other forms of organic P including nucleic acids and phospholipids, was verified by 31P NMR with concentrations dependent on both organic anion and soil type.
Conclusion
The combination of organic anions and phosphatases represents a key mechanism by which plants and microorganisms can enhance the bioavailability of soil P. This has important implications for understanding P dynamics in natural and managed ecosystems and for ongoing efforts to improve the P-use efficiency of agricultural plants.
Interventions to enhance newborn care in North-West Ethiopia: The experiences of Health care professionals
Authors: Birhanu Bizuhan Gelaw , Mathibe-Neke Johanna Mmbabojalwa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The provision of optimal and quality services during labour, delivery and in the early neonatal period is highly required to accelerate the reduction of neonatal deaths and improve the quality of life of newborns. The availability of competent health professionals and the essential medicines and supplies in the health facilities are compulsory. This study aimed to explore and describe the quality of care provided to newborns in the primary healthcare units.
Methods
Qualitative exploratory and descriptive design was employed. Focus group discussions were held with 26 participants (11 health workers and 15 health extension workers) in three woredas in the West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia. Health workers and health extension workers were purposely selected. Thematic analysis was undertaken.
Results
The primary healthcare facilities play a major role in the provision of essential services for newborns in the critical periods, including during labor and birth, immediately after birth and in the early postnatal care period. Resuscitation of birth asphyxia, prevention of hypothermia, initiation of breastfeeding, application of tetracycline, vitamin k injection, weighing babies and chlorhexidine application were identified as immediate essential intervention for the newborns. However, these interventions are hampered by factors such as lack of adequately trained staff & hands-on skills; weak referral linkage; stock-out of essential medicines and supplies and poor quality for early postnatal care home visits.
Conclusions
In order to enhance the quality of newborns healthcare provision, the health-systems constraints at health centres and heath posts level should be fixed to provide the required services for newborns. This requires allocation of adequate resources to tackle health facilities readiness related bottlenecks, such as the frequent stock out or lack of essential supplies, equipment, and medicines, lack of proper space for the service provision, not systematic replenishing of the revised job-aids and maintenance of medical equipment, poor infection prevention including water and sanitation in the maternity wards and newborn corners.
Microbubble Propulsion, Train-like Assembly and Cargo Transport in an Acoustic Field
Authors: Janiak Jakub , Doinikov Alexander , Ahmed Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Self-assembly, trapping, and transport of microparticles can be pivotal in medicine, lab-on-a-chip applications, and other fields; however, complex non-Newtonian fluids pose fundamental challenges for these processes. Here, we show that for two glass boundaries set amongst a viscous, shear-thinning gel and separated by a narrow slit (~20 µm), incident acoustic waves are concentrated at the interstice, and microbubbles in the surrounding gel exhibit consequent nucleation and other interesting behaviours. When the acoustic field is intermittently activated, microbubbles transform between spherical (off) and ellipsoidal (on) shapes; ellipsoidal microbubbles squeeze into the interstice and become trapped, while spherical ones are pushed out. Upon continuous activation, the ellipsoidal microbubbles execute propulsion driven by Faraday waves superimposed on volume modes developed at their surfaces. When in proximity, they self-assemble into a chain-like microtrain capable of trapping microparticles between its members. Upon deactivation, the microparticles are released, thus simulating a microcargo train.
Autoantibodies targeting cytokines and connective tissue disease autoantigens are common in acute non-SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Authors: Feng Allan , Yang Emily , Moore Andrew , Dhingra Shaurya , Chang Sarah , Yin Xihui , Pi Ruoxi , Mack Elisabeth , Völkel Sara , Geßner Reinhard , Gundisch Margrit , Neubauer Andreas , Renz Harald , TSIODRAS SOTIRIOS , Fragkou Paraskevi , Asuni Adijat , Levitt Joseph , Wilson Jennifer , Leong Michelle , Lumb Jennifer , Mao Rong , Pinedo Kassandra , Roque Jonasel , Richards Christopher , Stabile Mikayla , Swaminathan Gayathri , Salagianni Maria , Triantafyllia Vasiliki , Bertrams Wilhelm , Blish Catherine , Carette Jan , Frankovich Jennifer , Meffre Eric , Nadeau Kari C. , Singh Upinder , Wang Taia , Prak Eline Luning , Herold Susanne , Andreakos Evangelos , Schmeck Bernd , Skevaki Chrysanthi , Rogers Angela , Utz Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The widespread presence of autoantibodies in acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is increasingly recognized, but the prevalence of autoantibodies in infections with organisms other than SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been reported. We used protein arrays to profile IgG autoantibodies from 317 samples from 268 patients across a spectrum of non-SARS-CoV-2 infections, many of whom were critically ill with pneumonia. Anti-cytokine antibodies (ACA) were identified in > 50% of patients infected with non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses and other pathogens, including patients with pneumonia attributed to bacterial causes. In cell-based functional assays, some ACA blocked binding to surface receptors for type I interferons (Type I IFN), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Autoantibodies against traditional autoantigens associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) were also commonly observed in these cohorts, including newly-detected antibodies that emerged in longitudinal samples from patients infected with influenza. We conclude that autoantibodies, some of which are functionally active, may be much more prevalent than previously appreciated in patients who are symptomatically infected with diverse pathogens.
Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Novel Paradigm Proposed in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder Associated Social Behavioral Symptoms in Two Rodent Models
Authors: Mintál Kitti , Toth Attila , Hormay Edina , Kovács Anita , László Kristóf , Bufa Anita , Marosvölgyi Tamás , Kocsis Béla , Varga Adorján , Vizvári Zoltán , Cserjési Renáta , Péczely László , Ollmann Tamás , Lénárd László , Karádi Zoltán 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has rapidly increased in the past decades, and several studies report about the escalating use of antibiotics and the consequent disruption of the gastrointestinal microbiome leading to the development of neurobehavioral symptoms resembling to those of ASD. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether depletion of the gastrointestinal microbiome via antibiotics treatment could induce ASD-like behavioral symptoms in adulthood. To reliably evaluate that, validated valproic acid (VPA) ASD animal model was introduced. At last, we intended to demonstrate the assessed potential benefits of a probiotic mixture (PM) developed by our research team. Male Wistar rats were used to create antibiotics treated; antibiotics and PM treated; PM treated, VPA treated; VPA and PM treated; and control groups. In all investigations we focused on social behavioral disturbances. Antibiotics-induced microbiome alterations during adulthood triggered severe deficits in social behavior similar to those observed in the VPA model. Furthermore, it is highlighted that our PM proved to attenuate both the antibiotics- and the VPA-generated antisocial behavioral symptoms. The present findings underline potential capacity of our PM to improve social behavioral alterations thus, indicate its promising therapeutic power to attenuate the social-affective disturbances of ASD.
A Unified Vendor-Agnostic Solution for Big Data Stream Processing in a Multi-Cloud Environment
Authors: Vergilio Thalita , Kor Ah-Lian , Mullier Duncan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The research field of cloud computing has witnessed tremendous progress as commercial cloud providers brought powerful distributed infrastructures within reach of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through their revolutionary pay-as-you-go model. Simultaneously, the popularisation of containers has empowered virtualisation with seamless orchestration technologies for the deployment and management of large-scale distributed systems across different geolocations and providers. Big data is another research area which has developed at an extraordinary pace as industries endeavour to discover innovative and effective ways of processing large volumes of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data emitted at high velocity by an increasing number of internet-enabled devices. This research aims to integrate the latest advances within the fields of cloud computing, virtualisation and big data for a systematic approach to stream processing. The novel contributions of this research are: 1) MC-BDP, a reference architecture for big data stream processing in a containerised, multi-cloud environment; 2) a case study conducted with the Estates and Sustainability departments at Leeds Beckett University to evaluate an MC-BDP prototype within the context of energy efficiency for smart buildings.
Massive Crossover Suppression by CRISPR-Cas-mediated Plant Chromosome Engineering
Authors: Rönspies Michelle , Schmidt Carla , Lieberman-Lazarovich Michal , Schindele Patrick , Houben Andreas , Puchta Holger 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that not only genes, but also entire chromosomes can be engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 1–5. A major objective of applying chromosome restructuring (CR) in plant breeding is the manipulation of genetic exchange 6. Here we show that meiotic recombination can be suppressed in nearly the entire chromosome using CR. We were able to induce a heritable inversion of a more than 17 Mb-long chromosome fragment, which contained the centromere and covered most of chromosome 2 of the Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0. Only the 2 and 0.5 Mb-long telomeric ends remained in their original orientation. In SNP marker analysis with the offspring of crosses with the ecotype Ler-1, we detected a massive reduction of crossovers (CO) within the inverted chromosome region, coupled with a shift of CO to the telomeric ends. Interestingly, the few genetic exchanges detected within the inversion all originated from double CO. This not only indicates that heritable genetic exchange can occur by interstitial chromosome pairing, but also that it is restricted to the production of viable progeny.
Dose-Dependent Role of a New Biotin Compound in Hippocampal Demyelination in Rats
Authors: Yulug Burak , Kilic Ertugrul , Orhan Cemal , Er Besir , Tuzcu Mehmet , Ozercan Ibrahim Hanifi , Sahin Nurhan , Canpolat Sinan , Komorowski James , Ojalvo Sara Perez , Sylla Sarah , Cankaya Seyda , Sahin Kazim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Demyelination is generally observed in different neurodegenerative disorders, including Multiple sclerosis (MS). It is known that high-dose biotin supplementation stabilizes MS progression. To reduce the effective dose of biotin, here we synthesized a new and superior form of biotin, which is a complex of magnesium ionically bound to biotin (MgB) and compared its dose-dependent effect with biotin alone after lysolecithin (LPC)-induced demyelination in rats. Myelination was studied with luxol fast blue staining and revealed that the most significant remyelination occurred in the MgB groups. We observed dose-dependent improved spatial memory in both biotin and MgB combined animals. Furthermore, we detected decreased inflammatory proteins in both treatment groups, which were more prominent in high-dose MgB treated animals, associated with improved NF-κB, OP, and MMP-9 proteins. We further analyzed biotin-related proteins and observed that both biotin and particularly MgB reverses the LPC-induced reduction of these proteins. Furthermore, we have observed that biotin but particularly MgB improves neuronal transmission proteins, Synapsin-1, PSD-93, and PSD 95. Moreover, increased BDNF, GAP-43, and ICAM were detected in both treatment groups, especially significant in high-dose MgB treated animals. Increased GFAP, which indicates reactive gliosis, was observed in LPC treated animals, which were reversed particularly by high-dose MgB treatment. The present data reveal the dose-dependent beneficial effect of biotin on demyelination processes. However, a combination of biotin with Mg resulted in a more potent effect than biotin alone. The robust impact of MgB encourages proof-of-concept studies with MgB in human MS patients.
A nomogram for predicting prognosis of internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Jinzhao , Zhang Wei-Fang , Li Yi-Fei , Cui Guo-Zhong , Yang Chao , Zhang Geng , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Xiang-Mei , Liu Yun-Jiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer patients with internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) metastasis have been shown to have poor prognosis, and the overall survival of patients was significantly different. The nomogram was developed to predict prognosis of IMLN metastasis in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and divide the patients into different risk groups.Methods: This retrospective study included 218 breast cancer patients with IMLN metastasis who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Based on the multivariate Cox regression model, we determined independent prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with IMLN metastasis and developed a predictive nomogram using these factors. The discrimination and performance of the nomogram was assessed by C‐index, the calibration curves and decision curve analyses. Patients were stratified into the high- risk group and low-risk group based on the best cut-off risk score. The Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed between the two different risk groups to assess the predictive ability of the nomogram.Results: Menopausal status, clinical T stage, pathological Complete Response, axillary lymph node metastasis and Ki-67 were independent prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with IMLN metastasis. These prognostic factors were determined for the development of the nomogram. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.77, which showed the nomogram provided good discernment. The calibration curves demonstrated optimal agreement between prediction by the nomogram and actual observation. The decision curve analyses further demonstrated that the nomogram had the best net benefits. The patients with IMLN metastasis were divided into high-risk group (total score ≥206.9733) and low-risk group (total score＜206.9733), and the risk group stratification confirmed that the nomogram had great capacity for distinguishing the prognosis. Conclusions: The nomogram was developed and validated to predict prognosis of IMLN metastasis in breast cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. It might help clinicians to identify patients who need individualized treatment and active post-operative surveillance. However, it is necessary to further mine the unknown prognostic factors to optimize the nomogram, and more external validation is still required.
Deletion of CD47 from Schwann cells, macrophages and microglia hastens myelin disruption and scavenging in Schwann cells and augments myelin debris phagocytosis in macrophages and microglia
Authors: Gitik Miri , Elberg Gerard , Reichert Fanny , Tal Michael , Rotshenker Shlomo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Myelin that surrounds axons breaks in trauma and disease; e.g., PNI and SCI (peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries) and MS (multiple sclerosis). Resulting myelin debris hinders repair if not effectively scavenged by Schwann cells and macrophages in PNI and by microglia in SCI and MS. We showed previously that myelin debris evades phagocytosis as CD47 on myelin ligates SIRPα (signal regulatory protein-α) on macrophages and microglia, triggering SIRPα to inhibit phagocytosis in phagocytes. Using PNI as a model, we tested the in-vivo significance of SIRPα-dependent phagocytosis inhibition in SIRPα null mice, showing that SIRPα deletion leads to accelerated myelin debris clearance, axon regeneration and recovery of function from PNI. Herein, we tested how deletion of CD47, a SIRPα ligand and a cell surface receptor on Schwann cells and phagocytes, affects recovery from PNI. Methods: Using CD47 null (CD47-/-) and wild type mice, we studied myelin disruption and debris clearance, axon regeneration and recovery of function from PNI. Results: As expected from CD47 on myelin acting as a SIRPα ligand that normally triggers SIRPα-dependent phagocytosis inhibition in phagocytes, myelin debris clearance, axon regeneration and function recovery were all faster in CD47-/- mice than in wild type mice. Unexpectedly compared with wild type mice, myelin debris clearance started sooner and CD47-deleted Schwann cells displayed enhanced disruption and scavenging of myelin in CD47-/- mice. Furthermore, CD47-deleted macrophages and CD47-deleted microglia from CD47-/- mice phagocytosed more than CD47-expressing phagocytes from wild type mice. Conclusions: This study reveals two novel normally occurring CD47-dependent mechanisms that impede myelin debris clearance. First, CD47 expressed on Schwann cells inhibits myelin disruption and debris scavenging in Schwann cells. Second, CD47 expressed on macrophages and microglia inhibits myelin debris phagocytosis in phagocytes. The two add to a third mechanism that we previously documented whereby CD47 on myelin ligates SIRPα on macrophages and microglia, triggering SIRPα-dependent phagocytosis inhibition in phagocytes. Thus, CD47 plays multiple inhibitory roles that combined impede myelin debris clearance, leading to delayed recovery from PNI. Similar inhibitory roles may hinder recovery from other pathologies in which repair depends on efficient phagocytosis (e.g., SCI and MS).
Amplification of LTRs of Extrachromosomal Linear DNAs (ALE-seq) Identifies Two Active Oryco LTR Retrotransposons in the Rice Cultivar Dongjin
Authors: Koo Hyunjin , Kim Soomin , Park Hyun-Seung , Lee Sang-Ji , Paek Nam-Chon , Cho Jungnam , Yang Tae-Jin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLong terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) make up a considerable portion of plant genomes. New insertions of these active LTR-RTs modify gene structures and functions and play an important role in genome evolution. Therefore, identifying active forms of LTR-RTs could uncover the effects of these elements in plants.ResultsTo identify active LTR-RTs in rice (Oryza sativa), we characterized 1,783 intact LTR-RTs in the rice reference genome. Extrachromosomal linear DNA (eclDNA) forms during LTR-RT replication; therefore, we amplified LTRs of eclDNA (ALE)-seq to uncover the current transpositional potential of the LTR-RTs in callus of the Korean rice variety Dongjin. Tos17 was discovered in callus of the reference rice variety Nipponbare, and we identified two active LTR-RTs belonging to the Oryco family on chromosomes 6 and 9 in Dongjin callus. Each Oryco family member has paired LTRs with identical sequences and internal domain regions. Comparison of the two LTR-RTs revealed 97% sequence identity in their internal domains and 65% sequence identity in their LTRs. ConclusionsWe identified two active LTR-RTs in the callus of Korean rice variety Dongjin using ALE-seq. These two putatively active Oryco LTR-RT family members could be used to expand our knowledge of retrotransposition mechanisms and the effects of LTR-RTs on the rice genome.
Secondary Attack Rates, Transmission, Incubation and Serial Interval Periods of first SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant cases in a northern region of Spain.
Authors: Águila-Mejía Javier Del , Wallmann Reinhard , Calvo-Montes Jorge , Rodríguez-Lozano Jesús , Valle-Madrazo Trinidad , Aginagalde-Llorente Adrian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1/B.1.1.529) quickly spread during December 2021 in Cantabria, a northern region of Spain. In total 622 cases were studied, and 1.420 close contacted were individually contact-traced and followed up. Secondary Attack Rates (SAR) and Transmission, Incubation and Serial Interval periods were estimated and compared with Delta cases. Greater transmission was found (Omicron SAR 39% vs 26%) with an increased tendency to asymptomatic or early infectiousness.