bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of triangle centroid localization algorithm based on PIT criterion (ITCL-PIT) for WSNs
Authors: Li Mao , Jiang Feng , Pei Cong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the most significant study directions is node positioning in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Because the existing RSSI-based triangle centroid localization technique is susceptible to the surrounding environment, this paper proposes an improved triangle centroid localization algorithm based on point-in-triangulation (PIT) criterion (ITCL-PIT) in terms of positioning accuracy and response speed. When combined with the actual placement situation in conventional triangle centroid localization, the suggested algorithm considers the estimated coordinates of the junction points as extra beacon nodes. As a result of the new beacon nodes, the size of the triangle in the junction region is decreased. Then, using the PIT criteria, keep calculating until the predicted position of the node is outside the triangle. Finally, the unknown node's coordinates are determined using the centroid approach. Based on the guaranteed response time, when the communication distance is 15–30 m, the ITCL-PIT method may enhance localization accuracy by up to five times when compared to the standard triangle centroid localization approach. Furthermore, the proposed technique has higher localization accuracy and faster response speed than the centroid iterative estimation approach, and the response time of the ITCL-PIT algorithm is reduced by around 17%. In addition, the experimental platform is built to ensure that the proposed strategy effectively lowers positioning error.
Application of machine learning in intelligent encryption for digital information of real-time image text under big data
Authors: Liu Liang , Gao Melody , Zhang Yong , Wang Yuxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the context of big data, the exploration of the application effect of machine learning in intelligent encryption for real-time image text digital information aims to improve the privacy information security of people. Aiming at the problem of digital information leakage of real-time image text, the convolutional neural network is introduced and improved by adding a preprocessing module to form AlexNet, to encrypt the digital information of real-time image text. Besides, to take into account both the security effect and the real-time performance of the system, the image text is encrypted by the chaotic sequence generated by a one-dimensional chaotic system called Logistic-Sine and a multi-dimensional chaotic system named Lorenz. In this way, a real-time image text encryption model is constructed by combining the chaotic function and AlexNet. Finally, a simulation experiment is performed to analyze the performance of this model. The comparative analysis indicates that the recognition accuracy of feature extraction of image text by the intelligent encryption model reaches 94.37%, which is at least 3.05% higher than that of other neural network models by scholars in related fields. In the security analysis of image text encryption, the information entropy of pixel values at (0, 0) of the proposed model is close to the ideal value 8. Meanwhile, the value of the number of pixels change rate is generally more than 99.50%, and the value of the unified average changing intensity is generally more than 33.50%. This demonstrates that the model has good security in resisting attacks. Therefore, the constructed model can provide good security guarantee under the premise of ensuring the recognition accuracy, which can provide experimental basis for improving the security performance of real-time image text data in the future.
Health information-seeking behavior associated with linguistic group membership: latent class analysis of a population-based cross-sectional survey in Italy, August to September 2014
Authors: Ausserhofer Dietmar , Wiedermann Wolfgang , Becker Ulrich , Vögele Anna , Piccoliori Giuliano , Wiedermann Christian J. , Engl Adolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests an increasing demand for culturally and linguistically responsive disease prevention programs and health interventions. It is important to understand how individuals seek health information to address the potential needs of the health care system.

Methods
Latent classes of health information-seeking behaviors in a linguistically mixed region of Italy were explored through a population-based telephone survey of ten health information sources. Data were collected in August and September 2014 from 504 adults in South Tyrol, Italy (primary language German, 68%; Italian, 28%), and analyzed using latent class analysis and latent class multinomial logistic regression models.

Results
Three classes of health information-seeking behaviors emerged: “multidimensional” (23.3%), “interpersonal” (38.6%) and “technical/online” (38.1%). Compared to the “technical/online” class, “interpersonal” class members were older, had lower education than high school, and were less likely to be of Italian ethnicity. “Multidimensional” class members were more likely to be female, older, and of German ethnicity than those in the “technical/online” class.

Conclusions
Linguistic ethnicity explains membership in classes on health information-seeking behavior. Policymakers and healthcare providers should consider the health information-seeking behaviors of population subgroups to promote health and medical care in linguistic minority groups.
Decarbonisation of eastern European economies: monitoring, economic, social and security concerns
Authors: Radovanović Mirjana , Filipović Sanja , Vukadinović Simonida , Trbojević Milovan , Podbregar Iztok 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Decarbonisation of the European economy is one of the main strategic goals of energy transition in the European Union (EU), which aims to become a leader in this process by 2050 and to include other European countries making thus the European continent the first carbon neutral region in the world. Although decarbonisation is an important goal of the EU, the models for monitoring the progress of this process have not yet been clearly defined, and views on the social, economic, and security implications in terms of prioritising decarbonisation are conflicting. The main objective of this paper is to determine the methodological correctness of the existing method of decarbonisation monitoring, to develop a new monitoring model indicating the differences in the EU and European countries that are non-EU and to point out the underlying social, economic and security implications that must certainly find their place in the decision-making process in this field.

Results
The main results showed that there is no clearly defined model for monitoring the success of decarbonisation, while the indicators that are commonly used for this purpose make a model that, as the analysis shows—is methodologically incorrect. In the case of EU countries, the following indicators proved to be the most reliable: consumption-based CO2 and share in global CO2. For non-EU countries, the best monitoring indicators are CO2 per unit of GDP, consumption-based CO2, and renewable energy consumption. These indicators can explain 99% of the variance in decarbonisation success.

Conclusions
The basic conclusion of the paper is that even before the implementation, the decarbonisation monitoring model should be defined and methodologically tested, and the use of a single model for all EU countries or for all countries is not recommended. It is proposed to simplify the monitoring model, with an emphasis on monitoring of consumption-based CO2, which proved to be the most efficient in all sampled countries. The current method of monitoring is based exclusively on environmentally related indicators while ignoring the fact that decarbonisation is associated with almost all aspects of development. The additional social, economic and security aspects need to be developed and included in the further monitoring process.
Covert therapeutic micro-processes in non-recovered eating disorders with childhood trauma: an interpersonal process recall study
Authors: Olofsson Malin E. , Vrabel KariAnne R. , Hoffart Asle , Oddli Hanne W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMethodTo uncover therapeutic micro-processes from the perspectives of eating disorder (ED) treatment non-responders with childhood trauma (CT) late effects, we explored in-session experiences of poor long-term outcome patients. Female inpatients aged 28–59 (M = 40.2,SD = 5.0) from a randomised trial comparing Compassion Focused Therapy for EDs (n = 3) with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for EDs (n = 3) were interviewed with video-assisted recall about a self-selected session. Data were analysed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) with Grounded Theory (GT) elements.ResultsCovert patient strategies included self-effacement, regulating therapeutic distance to open up, and engaging with reflective rather than experiential interventions. First, self-effacement included submissive, passive or pretend responses to perceived criticising or violating therapist behaviours as well as other orientation and submission for approval. Second, some preferred a close patient–therapist alliance with therapist self-disclosure and reciprocity was a requirement for opening up; others required distance. Third, informants detached from experiential trauma work while engaging in joint reflection on post-trauma responses.ConclusionInformants were preoccupied with calibrating the emotional–relational landscape in session; we hypothesized that psychological insecurity and affective intolerance from CT limit their freedom to explore own in-session experiences.
Associations of self-repression with disordered eating and symptoms of other psychopathologies for men and women
Authors: Bachner-Melman Rachel , Watermann Yonatan , Lev-Ari Lilac , Zohar Ada H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Disordered eating has been found to be associated with constructs involving self-repression, such as selflessness (the tendency to relinquish one’s needs for others’), and concern for appropriateness (an alertness to information about social comparison and tendency to vary one’s behavior in different social situations). This study aimed to examine associations between these self-repression variables and symptoms of general psychopathology for women and men in a community sample.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty-six participants (92 men) aged 18–76 (M = 29.11 ± 10.10) volunteered to complete online measures of disordered eating, concern for appropriateness (cross-situational variability and attention to social comparison information), selflessness, and symptoms of depression, anxiety and somatization. Structural equation models were built to assess pathways between the study variables for men and women separately.

Results
A MANOVA 2*7 design showed that women scored significantly higher than men on measures of selflessness, disordered eating and depression. For men, selflessness scores were positively and significantly associated only with depression scores. Cross-situational variability scores were positively associated with depression, somatization and anxiety scores. For women, selflessness scores were positively and significantly associated with depression, disordered eating, somatization and anxiety scores. Cross-situational variability scores were positively and significantly associated with depression, anxiety and somatization scores but not with disordered eating scores. Attention to Social Comparison Information scores were positively and significantly associated only with disordered eating scores.

Conclusions
Self-repression is more closely linked to psychopathology in women than in men. For men, self-suppression seems to be associated with symptoms of internalizing disorders, but not disordered eating. Even for women, it appears that self-repression is not connected exclusively with disordered eating, but with symptoms of psychopathology in general. Future research should explore why self-suppression plays such a central role in women’s psychopathology.
UK children’s sleep and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Knowland Victoria C. P. , van Rijn Elaine , Gaskell M. Gareth , Henderson Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Sleep and mental wellbeing are intimately linked. This relationship is particularly important to understand as it emerges over childhood. Here we take the opportunity that the COVID-19 pandemic, and resulting lockdown in the UK, presented to study sleep-related behaviour and anxiety in school-aged children.

Methods
Parents and children were asked to complete questionnaires towards the start of the UK lockdown in April-to-May of 2020, then again in August of that year (when many restrictions had been lifted). We explored children’s emotional responses to the pandemic and sleep patterns at both time points, from the perspectives of parents and children themselves.

Results
Children’s bedtime anxiety increased at the start of the lockdown as compared to a typical week; however, by August, bedtime anxiety had ameliorated along with children’s COVID-19 related anxiety. Bedtime anxiety predicted how long it took children to fall asleep at night at both the start and the end of the lockdown. Bedtime and wake-up time shifted at the start of lockdown, but interestingly total sleep time was resilient (likely owing to an absence of early school start times) and was not predicted by child anxiety.

Conclusions
These findings further support calls for sleep quality (in particular, time taken to fall asleep) to be taken as a key indicator of mental health in children, particularly under usual circumstances when schools are open and sleep duration may be less resilient.
Measurement and analysis of facial features of terracotta warriors based on high-precision 3D point clouds
Authors: Hu Yungang , Lan Desheng , Wang Jingyang , Hou Miaole , Li Songnian , Li Xiuzhen , Zhu Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The striking realism of the life-sized ceramic terracotta warriors has been attracting the interest of the public and archaeologists since they were discovered from the mausoleum complex of the first Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuang in the 1970s. It is still debated whether the life-size models were based on individual people or were just crafted from the standardized models. This research examined the facial features of the terracotta warriors in a quantitative and contactless way with the support of the High-precision 3D point cloud modelling technology and the anthropometric method. The similarities and dissimilarities were analyzed among the facial features of terracotta warriors and 29 modern Chinese ethnic groups using mathematical statistics methods such as MDS, ANOVA, ranking analysis and cluster analysis. The results reveal that the features of the terracotta warriors highly resemble those of contemporary Chinese people and indicate that terracotta warriors were crafted from real portraits and intended to constitute a real army to protect the Emperor Qin Shihuang in the afterlife.
Use of standard analytical tools to detect small amounts of smalt in the presence of ultramarine as observed in 15th-century Venetian illuminated manuscripts
Authors: Ricciardi Paola , Dooley Kathryn A. , MacLennan Douglas , Bertolotti Giulia , Gabrieli Francesca , Patterson Catherine Schmidt , Delaney John K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A previous preliminary study of 15th-century Venetian manuscript fragments by the Master of the Murano Gradual identified the presence of cobalt in many ultramarine blue areas, suggesting the presence of smalt. This would represent an early use of this glassy pigment in Venetian illuminated manuscripts. Whereas sampling has been used to identify smalt in 15th century paintings, only non-invasive methods can be used on manuscripts due to their small size and fragile nature. Here we investigated four non-invasive analysis techniques to identify small amounts of smalt in the presence of ultramarine, including single-point and scanning XRF spectroscopy, UV–vis-NIR-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), Raman spectroscopy, and external reflection FT-IR spectroscopy. This was done by studying paint mock-ups of ultramarine and smalt mixtures with and without the presence of a white pigment on parchment. The results showed molecular spectroscopy techniques (reflectance, Raman, and FTIR) require at least ~ 30–40% smalt by percent mass when in the presence of ultramarine in order to detect its presence, whereas elemental XRF spectroscopy can detect cobalt (and thus infer the presence of smalt) at the ~ 1% level. To further explore the inference of smalt by XRF, additional XRF analysis was conducted to specifically look for elements associated with cobalt minerals (i.e. nickel, arsenic, bismuth, etc.). High spatial resolution XRF scanning (60–100 μm X-ray spot size) was used to look for cobalt in smalt particles which are typically larger than those of ultramarine. These two XRF analysis approaches worked well with the mock-up paint samples, and were subsequently applied to the manuscripts for which molecular spectroscopy methods yielded no unambiguous evidence for smalt. The data underscore the challenges of conclusively identifying smalt in complex paint systems when samples are not available, but do suggest that the Master of the Murano illuminated manuscript fragments contain smalt, but perhaps not in a form or amount researchers are used to seeing in paintings.
Spatial pattern and influencing factors of intangible cultural heritage of music in Xiangxi, central China
Authors: Zhang Xianyong , Xiang Hui , Liu Rui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intangible cultural heritage of music (ICHM) is an important part of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), and research on ICHM has extremely important theoretical value and practical significance. In this study, we aimed to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of ICHMs and explore the main factors affecting their distribution in Xiangxi, Central China. Methods such as the nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, and buffer analysis were used in this study. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the numbers of traditional music, traditional dance, traditional drama and quyi are 26, 29, 28 and 14, respectively, indicating that quyi is relatively lacking in Xiangxi; (2) the distribution of ICHMs in Xiangxi have spatial heterogeneity, and the main trend is agglomeration. The national ICHMs, provincial ICHMs and municipal ICHMs are mainly concentrated in the south, the west, and the central and northern regions, respectively. The high-density areas of traditional music and traditional dance are located in the south, of traditional drama in the west, and of quyi in the north. (3) The distribution of ICHMs is affected by four factors: namely rivers, topography, GDP and transportation. The 0–3 km buffer zone of the rivers, with 100% of national ICHMs, 83.33% of provincial ICHMs and 84.52% of municipal ICHMs, is the centralized distribution area of ICHMs. 100% of the national ICHMs, 94.44% of the provincial ICHMs and 91.67% of the municipal ICHMs are distributed in hilly (200–500 m) and low mountain areas (500–1000 m). Highways have the greatest impact on the distribution of ICHMs, followed by railways and ordinary roads. The economy has a significant positive impact on ICHM programs; the more developed the economy, the more ICHM projects. The results of this study can provide useful references for the theoretical research and practice management of ICH.
Enzymatic synthesis of high-titer nicotinamide mononucleotide with a new nicotinamide riboside kinase and an efficient ATP regeneration system
Authors: Qian Xiao-Long , Dai Yi-Si , Li Chun-Xiu , Pan Jiang , Xu Jian-He , Mu Bozhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is the direct precursor of nicotinamide coenzymes such as NAD+ and NADP+, which are widely applied in industrial biocatalysis especially involving cofactor-dependent oxidoreductases. Moreover, NMN is a promising candidate for medical uses since it is considered to be beneficial for improving health of aged people who usually suffer from an insufficient level of NAD+. To date, various methods have been developed for the synthesis of NMN. Chemical phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside (NR) to NMN depends on excessive phosphine oxychloride and delicate temperature control, while fermentation of NMN is limited by low product titers, making it unsuitable for industrial-scale NMN production. As a result, the more efficient synthesis process of NMN is still challenging.

Aim
This work attempted to construct an eco-friendly and cost-effective biocatalytic process for transforming the chemically synthesized NR into the highly value-added NMN.

Results
A new nicotinamide riboside kinase (Klm-NRK) was identified from Kluyveromyces marxianus. The specific activity of purified Klm-NRK was 7.9 U·mg–1 protein, ranking the highest record among the reported NRKs. The optimal pH of Klm-NRK was 7.0 in potassium phosphate buffer. The purified Klm-NRK retained a half activity after 7.29 h at 50 °C. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM) toward ATP and nicotinamide riboside (NR) were 57.4 s−1·mM−1 and 84.4 s−1·mM−1, respectively. In the presence of an external ATP regeneration system (AcK/AcP), as much as 100 g·L–1 of NR could be completely phosphorylated to NMN in 8 h with Klm-NRK, achieving a molar isolation yield of 84.2% and a space–time yield of 281 g·L−1·day−1. These inspiring results indicated that Klm-NRK is a promising biocatalyst which provides an efficient approach for the bio-manufacturing of NMN in a high titer.

Graphical Abstract
A novel accessory protein ArCel5 from cellulose-gelatinizing fungus Arthrobotrys sp. CX1
Authors: Yuan Yue , Chen Chunshu , Wang Xueyan , Shen Shaonian , Guo Xiaoyu , Chen Xiaoyi , Yang Fan , Li Xianzhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImproved understanding of cellulose swelling mechanism is beneficial for increasing the hydrolysis efficiency of cellulosic substrates. Here, we report a family 5 glycoside hydrolase ArCel5 isolated from the cellulose-gelatinizing fungus Arthrobotrys sp. CX1. ArCel5 exhibited low specific hydrolysis activity and high cellulose swelling capability, which suggested that this protein might function as an accessory protein. Homology modeling glycosylation detection revealed that ArCel5 is a multi-domain protein including a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module, a glycosylation linker, and a catalytic domain. The adsorption capacity, structural changes and hydrature index of filter paper treated by different ArCel5 mutants demonstrated that CBM1 and linker played an essential role in recognizing, binding and decrystallizing cellulosic substrates, which further encouraged the synergistic action between ArCel5 and cellulases. Notably, glycosylation modification further strengthened the function of the linker region. Overall, our study provides insight into the cellulose decrystallization mechanism by a novel accessory protein ArCel5 that will benefit future applications.
Graphical Abstract
De novo biosynthesis of τ-cadinol in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Sun Yue , Wu Shaoting , Fu Xiao , Lai Chongde , Guo Daoyi 
Published: March 2022

Abstractτ-Cadinol is a sesquiterpene that is widely used in perfume, fine chemicals and medicines industry. In this study, we established a biosynthetic pathway for the first time in engineered Escherichia coli for production of τ-cadinol from simple carbon sources. Subsequently, we further improved the τ-cadinol production to 35.9 ± 4.3 mg/L by optimizing biosynthetic pathway and overproduction of rate-limiting enzyme IdI. Finally, the titer was increased to 133.5 ± 11.2 mg/L with a two-phase organic overlay-culture medium system. This study shows an efficient method for the biosynthesis of τ-cadinol in E. coli with the heterologous hybrid MVA pathway.
Graphical Abstract