bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employee sensemaking of CSR: on micro-discourses of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Miller Katharine E. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeRecently, scholars are pushing for an internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) view through employee perspectives regarding CSR efforts, particularly in considering how organizations can act responsibly toward internal stakeholders (May, 2011). Thus, research has begun taking a “micro-turn” in analyzing CSR (Aguinis and Glavas, 2012), focused on individual analysis of such practices within organizations. The purpose of this study is to uncover the organizational sensemaking of CSR by an important yet less understood stakeholder group, employees.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes a primarily qualitative, micro-approach via interviews (n = 42) to understanding the internal sensemaking of various organizations' CSR efforts from the perspective of employees. Organizational discourse analysis is utilized.FindingsAt the individual level, findings from over 40 one-on-one interviews highlighted how this stakeholder group rationalizes, perceives and identifies with their employers' socially responsible efforts. Findings uncover both macro- and micro-level understandings of CSR, as well as the reality of CSR within particular organizations from an operational standpoint.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides important theoretical and methodological implications, particularly in its explicitly interpretive and qualitative approach. Specifically, this work contributes to the micro-foundations and limited internal view of CSR by interviewing over 40 employees.Practical implicationsThis study provides important pragmatic implications, particularly when considering how CSR is communicated to (internal) stakeholders. Additionally, CSR must be seen as strategic and embedded in core business practices, rather than a one-off campaign.Social implicationsOn a societal level, there is an expectation that corporations take care of their employees in terms of emotional and physical well-being, equity, work–life balance, among others. This study suggests a move to more inward-facing CSR practices—specifically those benefiting internal members.Originality/valueThis work contributes to research on the micro-foundations and limited internal view of CSR and provides important pragmatic implications. Specifically, the use of interviews of employees in gaining access to an important stakeholder group is a significant contribution to CSR scholarship.
Board characteristics and CEO turnover–performance relationship: evidence from India
Authors: Jatana Chhavi 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of board characteristics on CEO turnover performance relationship (TPR) in Indian listed firms.

Design/methodology/approach
A subset of the Standard and Poor’s Bombay Stock Exchange 500 (S&P BSE 500) Index companies was analyzed over the period 2015–2019 using the logistic (fixed-effects) regression model.

Findings
It was found that a weak relationship exists between CEO turnover and firm performance. With respect to board characteristics, board size was found to have a significant role in strengthening the TPR. However, other characteristics, such as board independence, multiple directors, board meetings and board gender diversity, played no role in influencing the TPR.

Research limitations/implications
First, the study period is limited to five years, during which several sample firms did not face any CEO turnover event leading to small sample size. Second, this study considers only the board’s gender diversity, whereas other types of diversity are omitted. Third, this study does not differentiate between insider and professional CEOs.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that regulators should focus on the effective enforcement of laws to strengthen the TPR and improve the monitoring role of boards, particularly in emerging economies like India, which face type II agency problems in addition to traditional principal–agent conflict. The results also offer implications for corporations, investors and academic researchers, highlighting areas that need considerable attention pertaining to corporate governance.

Originality/value
This study discerns the impact of several board-related characteristics on the TPR, particularly after the introduction of the new Companies Act 2013 in the emerging economy of India, where it has not been explored extensively.
The impact of interpersonal interaction factors on consumers’ purchase intention in social commerce: a relationship quality perspective
Authors: Zhou Wangyue , Dong Jincai , Zhang Wenyu 
Published: December 2022

PurposeInterpersonal interaction can influence consumers’ purchase intention in social commerce (s-commerce). This paper aims to identify interpersonal interaction factors as well as the mediating effect of relationship quality between interpersonal interaction factors and consumers’ purchase intention in s-commerce.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores new dimensions of interpersonal interaction in s-commerce by integrating interaction between consumers and online vendors and that between consumers and online recommenders in s-commerce. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that interpersonal interaction factors of both online vendors and online recommenders positively affect swift guanxi and initial trust between consumers and online vendors. Swift guanxi and initial trust positively affect consumers’ purchase intention. Initial trust partially mediates between interpersonal interaction factors and purchase intention while swift guanxi does not mediate between perceived similarity of online recommenders and purchase intention.Practical implicationsThe findings can be used to guide vendors in s-commerce platforms to make good use of platform features to improve interpersonal interaction. Meanwhile, s-commerce platforms should be enhanced with efficient interaction tools to help cultivate relationship quality between consumers and online vendors.Originality/valueThis study combines social exchange theory, trust transfer theory and relationship quality theory to investigate the factors that influence swift guanxi and initial trust between consumers and online vendors, which extends the study of interpersonal interaction and enriches the dimensions of relationship quality in the context of s-commerce.
MiOXSYS® and OxiSperm® II assays appear to provide no clinical utility for determining oxidative stress in human sperm—results from repeated semen collections
Authors: Castleton Patience , Gyawali Prabin , Mathews Nicola , Mutuku Shadrack Mulinge , Sharkey David James , McPherson Nicole Olivia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress in semen contributes up to 80% of all infertility diagnosis. Diagnostics to measure oxidative stress in semen was recently added to the 6th edition WHO methods manual, although diagnostic predictive values need to be interpreted with caution as there are still several research questions yet to be answered.ObjectivesTo determine the natural fluctuations in semen redox indicators (MiOXSYS® and OxiSperm® II) within and between men and their association with markers of sperm oxidative stress.Materials and methodsTotal, 118 repeat semen samples from 31 generally healthy men aged 18–45 years, over 6 months. Standard semen analysis as per 5th WHO manual. Semen redox levels measured via MiOXSYS® and OxiSperm® II. Additional attributes of sperm quality; HBA® binding assay and sperm hyperactivation and oxidative stress; DNA fragmentation (Halo® Sperm) and lipid peroxidation (BODIPY™ 581/591 C11) were assessed.ResultsSamples with high redox‐potential (MiOXSYS® ≥1.47 sORP/106 sperm/ml) had lower sperm, motility, morphology and higher DNA fragmentation (P < 0.05). Upon further analysis, these associations were driven solely by the adjustment of sperm concentration (106/ml) in normalised redox‐potential. No significant associations between NBT‐reactivity (OxiSperm® II) and measures of the sperm function or oxidative stress were observed (P > 0.05). Fluctuations in semen redox levels varied greater between men than within men over the study period.DiscussionNeither MiOXSYS® nor OxiSperm® II assays were predictive of sperm function or sperm oxidative stress. This was likely due at least in part to limited understanding of their biochemistry and clinical application. As a result, these assays seem to provide no additional clinical utility beyond that of a standard semen analysis, highlighting the imperative for the development of new robust point‐of‐care devices for accurately determining sperm oxidative stress.ConclusionThese findings suggest that MiOXSYS® and OxiSperm® II systems for the measurement of sperm oxidative stress may have limited diagnostic potential.
Sex determination in domestic rock pigeons (Columba livia) using radiographic morphometry
Authors: Szara Tomasz , Gündemir Ozan , Günay Ebuderda , Gün Gökhan , Avanus Kozet , Pazvant Gülsün 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDetermination of sex on the base of external morphological features is very difficult in most birds. However, molecular sex identification methods can be used for sexing of these so‐called monomorphic bird species. This study analysed the sexual dimorphism of radiographic morphometric features in rock pigeons whose sexes were determined by the molecular sex identification method. Body weights and 21 radiographic measurements of 43 rock pigeons (18 males and 25 females) were taken. Among cranium measurements, the skull width value was statistically significant in terms of gender (p < .01). Length of carpometacarpus (p < .001) was the most statistically significant measurement of the thoracic limb skeleton, and length of tarsometatarsus (p < .01) was the most statistically significant measurement in the pelvic limb. The body weight showed a positive correlation with all measurements. It was observed that 81.4% of the samples were classified correctly with the measurements used in the discriminant analysis. With this study's results, it can be concluded that sex determination in rock pigeons can also be made by radiographic morphometric methods. In addition, more measurements can be obtained with radiographic images compared to external morphometry.
The kin selection theory of genomic imprinting and modes of reproduction in the eusocial Hymenoptera
Authors: da Silva Jack 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTGenomic imprinting is known from flowering plants and mammals but has not been confirmed for the Hymenoptera even though the eusocial Hymenoptera are prime candidates for this peculiar form of gene expression. Here, the kin selection theory of genomic imprinting is reviewed and applied to the eusocial Hymenoptera. The evidence for imprinting in eusocial Hymenoptera with the typical mode of reproduction, involving the sexual production of diploid female offspring, which develop into workers or gynes, and the arrhenotokous parthenogenesis of haploid males, is also reviewed briefly. However, the focus of this review is how atypical modes of reproduction, involving thelytokous parthenogenesis, hybridisation and androgenesis, may also select for imprinting. In particular, naturally occurring hybridisation in several genera of ants may provide useful tests of the role of kin selection in the evolution of imprinting. Hybridisation is expected to disrupt the coadaptation of antagonistically imprinted loci, and thus affect the phenotypes of hybrids. Some of the limited data available on hybrid worker reproduction and on colony sex ratios support predictions about patterns of imprinting derived from kin selection theory.
Prioritizing nationally endemic species for conservation
Authors: Kraus Daniel , Enns Amie , Hebb Andrea , Murphy Stephen , Drake D. Andrew R. , Bennett Bruce 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver 90% of recent human‐caused extinctions are wild species known from only one nation. These nationally endemic species represent one of the greatest global conservation responsibilities for any country. To meet this responsibility, we must first identify nationally endemic species. We developed the first comprehensive inventory of the 308 plant, animal, and fungi species and infraspecies only found in Canada, of which approximately 90% are of global conservation concern. Our analysis also identified 27 spatial concentrations of endemic species, many of which are associated with glacial refugia, islands, coasts, and unique habitats. Nationally endemic species have not been the primary focus of endangered species conservation in Canada and other countries. Our analysis provides a case study on how national inventories of endemic species can be developed and applied to support species assessments and place‐based conservation. Prioritizing endemic species for conservation can build on sentiments of sense of place and national responsibility to foster public interest. We propose a species conservation framework that highlights the critical role of national endemism in preventing global extinctions. Greater conservation focus on endemic species will support national and international biodiversity conservation targets, including the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
A comprehensive approach to identify challenges for clinical reasoning development in undergraduate dental students and their potential solutions
Authors: Isbej Lorena , Fuentes‐Cimma Javiera , Véliz Paiva Claudia , Valladares‐Pérez Salvador , Riquelme Arnoldo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical reasoning is a core competence in health professions that impacts the ability to solve patients' health problems. Due to its relevance, it is necessary to identify difficulties arising from different sources that affect clinical reasoning development in students. The aim of this study was to explore a comprehensive approach to identify challenges for clinical reasoning development in undergraduate dental students and their potential solutions.MethodsMixed methods were used in four stages: (1) students and clinical teachers focus groups to identify challenges to clinical reasoning development; (2) literature review to explore potential solutions for these challenges; (3) Delphi technique for teacher consensus on pertinence and feasibility of solutions (1–5 scale); and (4) teachers' self‐perception of their ability to implement the solutions.ResultsThree categories and seven subcategories of challenges were identified: (I) educational context factors influencing the clinical reasoning process; (II) teacher's role in clinical reasoning development; and (III) student factors influencing the clinical reasoning process. From 134 publications identified, 53 were selected for review, resulting in 10 potential solutions. Through two Delphi rounds, teachers rated the potential solutions very highly in terms of relevance (4.50–4.85) and feasibility (3.50–4.29). Finally, a prioritisation ranking of these solutions was generated using their scores for relevance, feasibility, and teachers' self‐perception of their ability to implement them.ConclusionsThe present comprehensive approach identified challenges for clinical reasoning development in dental students and their potential solutions, perceived as relevant and feasible by teachers, requiring further research and follow‐up actions to address them.
Significance of regulatory T cells in cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Authors: Sugiyama Daisuke , Hinohara Kunihiko , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME) attenuates antitumor immunity, consequently hindering protective immunosurveillance and preventing effective antitumor immunity induced by cancer immunotherapy. Multiple mechanisms including immune checkpoint molecules, such as CTLA‐4, PD‐1, and LAG‐3, and immunosuppressive cells are involved in the immunosuppression in the TME. Regulatory T (Treg) cells, a population of immunosuppressive cells, play an important role in inhibiting antitumor immunity. Therefore, Treg cells in the TME correlate with an unfavourable prognosis in various cancer types. Thus, Treg cell is considered to become a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Elucidating Treg cell functions in cancer patients is therefore crucial for developing optimal Treg cell‐targeted immunotherapy. Here, we describe Treg cell functions and phenotypes in the TME from the perspective of Treg cell‐targeted immunotherapy.
Global warming is increasing the discrepancy between green (actual) and thermal (potential) seasons of temperate trees
Authors: Fu Yongshuo H. , Geng Xiaojun , Chen Shouzhi , Wu Hao , Hao Fanghua , Zhang Xuan , Wu Zhaofei , Zhang Jing , Tang Jing , Vitasse Yann , Zohner Constantin M. , Janssens Ivan , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, global warming has led to a lengthening of the time window during which temperatures remain favorable for carbon assimilation and tree growth, resulting in a lengthening of the green season. The extent to which forest green seasons have tracked the lengthening of this favorable period under climate warming, however, has not been quantified to date. Here, we used remote sensing data and long‐term ground observations of leaf‐out and coloration for six dominant species of European trees at 1773 sites, for a total of 6060 species–site combinations, during 1980–2016 and found that actual green season extensions (GS: 3.1 ± 0.1 day decade−1) lag four times behind extensions of the potential thermal season (TS: 12.6 ± 0.1 day decade−1). Similar but less pronounced differences were obtained using satellite‐derived vegetation phenology observations, that is, a lengthening of 4.4 ± 0.13 and 7.5 ± 0.13 day decade−1 for GS and TS, respectively. This difference was mainly driven by the larger advance in the onset of the thermal season compared to the actual advance of leaf‐out dates (spring mismatch: 7.2 ± 0.1 day decade−1), but to a less extent caused by a phenological mismatch between GS and TS in autumn (2.4 ± 0.1 day decade−1). Our results showed that forest trees do not linearly track the new thermal window extension, indicating more complex interactions between winter and spring temperatures and photoperiod and a justification of demonstrating that using more sophisticated models that include the influence of chilling and photoperiod is needed to accurately predict spring phenological changes under warmer climate. They urge caution if such mechanisms are omitted to predict, for example, how vegetative health and growth, species distribution and crop yields will change in the future.
In‐depth polarisation resolved SHG microscopy in biological tissues using iterative wavefront optimisation
Authors: Nuzhdin Dmitry , Pendleton Emily G. , Munger Eleanor B. , Mortensen Luke J. , Brasselet Sophie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolarised nonlinear microscopy has been extensively developed to study molecular organisation in biological tissues, quantifying the response of nonlinear signals to a varying incident linear polarisation. Polarisation Second harmonic Generation (PSHG) in particular is a powerful tool to decipher sub‐microscopic modifications of fibrillar collagen organisation in type I and III collagen‐rich tissues. The quality of SHG imaging is however limited to about one scattering mean free path in depth (typically 100 micrometres in biological tissues), due to the loss of focus quality, induced by wavefront aberrations and scattering at even larger depths. In this work, we study how optical depth penetration in biological tissues affects the quality of polarisation control, a crucial parameter for quantitative assessment of PSHG measurements. We apply wavefront shaping to correct for SHG signal quality in two regimes, adaptive optics for smooth aberration modes corrections at shallow depth, and wavefront shaping of higher spatial frequencies for optical focus correction at larger depths. Using nonlinear SHG active nanocrystals as guide stars, we quantify the capabilities of such optimisation methods to recover a high‐quality linear polarisation and investigate how this approach can be applied to in‐depth PSHG imaging in tissues, namely tendon and mouse cranial bone.
Comparison of NB‐UVB combination therapy regimens for vitiligo: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Baohua , Liu Chengjiang , Zhang Lan , Wang Jun , Chen Mingling , Wei Yuegang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo was an autoimmune disease and some guidelines for the management of vitiligo encouraged the use of NB‐UVB combination therapies to enhance repigmentation.ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of current NB‐UVB combination regimen at the improvement in repigmentation through a systematic review and network meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched the electronic databases for randomized controlled trials related to NB‐UVB combination therapy for vitiligo till October 2022. STATA15.0 software was applied to carrying out data analysis.ResultsA total of 28 eligible studies involving 1194 participants were enrolled in the analysis. The NMA results revealed that compared with NB‐UVB, carboxytherapy [OR = 32.35, 95% CI (1.79, 586.05)], Er: YAG laser+ topical 5% 5‐FU [OR = 10.74, 95% CI (4.05, 28.49)], needling/micro‐needling [OR = 3.42, 95% CI (1.18, 9.88)], betamethasone intramuscular injection [OR = 3.08, 95% CI (1.17, 8.13)], topical tacrolimus [OR = 2.54, 95% CI (1.30, 4.94)], and oral Chinese herbal medicine compound [OR = 2.51, 95% CI (1.40, 4.50)] integrated with NB‐UVB were more efficacious in excellent to complete repigmentation response rate (≥75%). Besides, NB‐UVB+ Er: YAG laser+ topical 5% 5‐FU [OR = 0.17, 95% CI (0.04, 0.67)] and NB‐UVB+ needling/micro‐needling [OR = 0.24, 95% CI (0.06, 0.88)] were less likely evaluated as ineffective repigmentation response (≤25%).ConclusionsAll combination therapies ranked higher than NB‐UVB monotherapy in inducing successful repigmentation and avoiding failed treatment in patients with vitiligo. Comprehensive consideration, NB‐UVB+ Er: YAG laser+ topical 5% 5‐FU and NB‐UVB+ needling/microneedling would be the preferred therapeutic approaches.
The Early Medieval State: A Strategic‐Relational Approach
Authors: Carvajal Castro Álvaro , Tejerizo‐García Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe state is a contested concept in the historiography on early medieval societies. Debates have frequently revolved around its heuristic validity, but few scholars have addressed its broader theoretical implications. Those who have tend to reduce the state to its institutional features and privilege the role of the dominant groups in the analysis of state‐building processes and the workings of the state. This paper contends that a richer conceptualisation of the state can overcome the limits of the debate as it has been framed so far and provide a deeper insight into how social relations shaped and were shaped by the development of early medieval polities. After reviewing the most significant historiographical contributions to the debate, the paper introduces the Strategic‐Relational Approach to the state, as formulated by B. Jessop, as one that can provide a more nuanced understanding of early medieval polities. Particular emphasis is made on the analysis of class relationships and the articulation of hegemonic projects as two particularly fruitful lines of inquiry. Finally, the paper focuses on one particular instance of early medieval political practice, the politics of the land, as a means to illustrate the potential of the approach.