bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Zn (II)‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework as a Highly Selective and Sensitive Luminescent Sensor for the Detection of Nitrofuran Antibiotics
Authors: Lu Mengting , Xiao Xiaoyan , Yu Shijiang , Lin Wenxin , Yang Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe abuse of antibiotics has led to serious environmental and health problems in the modern society. The detection on antibiotics with high selectivity and sensitivity is urgently needed. In this work, we synthesized a new zinc‐based metal‐organic frameworks, {[Zn3(TCPPDA)4] ⋅ 8DMF ⋅ 2H2O}n, namely ZJU‐126. The as‐obtained ZJU‐126 has demonstrated its usage as a platform of luminescent sensor for nitrofurazone (NZF) and nitrofurantoin (NFT) with strong quenching constants and low detection limits of 5.8×104 M−1 and 0.56 μM for NZF as well as 4×104 M−1 and 0.82 μM for NFT, respectively. Particularly, ZJU‐126 exhibits excellent selectivity, anti‐interference and recyclability. The possible mechanism involved has also been discussed.
Extended superconformal higher-spin gauge theories in four dimensions
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Raptakis Emmanouil S. N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Using the off-shell formulation for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal supergravity in four dimensions, we describe superconformal higher-spin multiplets of conserved currents in a curved background and present their associated unconstrained gauge prepotentials. The latter are used to construct locally superconformal chiral actions, which are demonstrated to be gauge invariant in arbitrary conformally flat backgrounds. The main $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 results are then generalised to the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
-extended case. We also present the gauge-invariant field strengths for on-shell massless higher-spin $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supermultiplets in anti-de Sitter space. These field strengths prove to furnish representations of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal group.
Vacuum correlators at short distances from lattice QCD
Authors: Cè Marco , Harris Tim , Meyer Harvey B. , Toniato Arianna , Török Csaba 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Non-perturbatively computing the hadronic vacuum polarization at large photon virtualities and making contact with perturbation theory enables a precision determination of the electromagnetic coupling at the Z pole, which enters global electroweak fits. In order to achieve this goal ab initio using lattice QCD, one faces the challenge that, at the short distances which dominate the observable, discretization errors are hard to control. Here we address challenges of this type with the help of static screening correlators in the high-temperature phase of QCD, yet without incurring any bias. The idea is motivated by the observations that (a) the cost of high-temperature simulations is typically much lower than their vacuum counterpart, and (b) at distances x3 far below the inverse temperature 1/T, the operator-product expansion guarantees the thermal correlator of two local currents to deviate from the vacuum correlator by a relative amount that is power-suppressed in (x3T). The method is first investigated in lattice perturbation theory, where we point out the appearance of an O(a2 log(1/a)) lattice artifact in the vacuum polarization with a prefactor that we calculate. It is then applied to non-perturbative lattice QCD data with two dynamical flavors of quarks. Our lattice spacings range down to 0.049 fm for the vacuum simulations and down to 0.033 fm for the simulations performed at a temperature of 250 MeV.
On Singularities of Certain Non-linear Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Filipuk Galina , Kecker Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe method of blowing up points of indeterminacy of certain systems of two ordinary differential equations is applied to obtain information about the singularity structure of the solutions of the corresponding non-linear differential equations. We first deal with the so-called Painlevé example, which passes the Painlevé test, but the solutions have more complicated singularities. Resolving base points in the equivalent system of equations we can explain the complicated structure of singularities of the original equation. The Smith example has a solution with non-isolated singularity, which is an accumulation point of algebraic singularities. Smith’s equation can be written as a system in two ways. We show that the sequence of blow-ups for both systems can be infinite. Another example that we consider is the Painlevé-Ince equation. When the usual Painlevé analysis is applied, it possesses both positive and negative resonances. We show that for three equivalent systems there is an infinite sequence of blow-ups and another one that terminates, which further gives a Laurent expansion of the solution around a movable pole. Moreover, for one system it is even possible to obtain the general solution after a sequence of blow-ups.
Narrative responsibility and artificial intelligence
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost accounts of responsibility focus on one type of responsibility, moral responsibility, or address one particular aspect of moral responsibility such as agency. This article outlines a broader framework to think about responsibility that includes causal responsibility, relational responsibility, and what I call “narrative responsibility” as a form of “hermeneutic responsibility”, connects these notions of responsibility with different kinds of knowledge, disciplines, and perspectives on human being, and shows how this framework is helpful for mapping and analysing how artificial intelligence (AI) challenges human responsibility and sense-making in various ways. Mobilizing recent hermeneutic approaches to technology, the article argues that next to, and interwoven with, other types of responsibility such as moral responsibility, we also have narrative and hermeneutic responsibility—in general and for technology. For example, it is our task as humans to make sense of, with and, if necessary, against AI. While from a posthumanist point of view, technologies also contribute to sense-making, humans are the experiencers and bearers of responsibility and always remain in charge when it comes to this hermeneutic responsibility. Facing and working with a world of data, correlations, and probabilities, we are nevertheless condemned to make sense. Moreover, this also has a normative, sometimes even political aspect: acknowledging and embracing our hermeneutic responsibility is important if we want to avoid that our stories are written elsewhere—through technology.
Bifurcation analysis of the predator–prey model with the Allee effect in the predator
Authors: Sen Deeptajyoti , Ghorai Saktipada , Banerjee Malay , Morozov Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of predator–prey models in theoretical ecology has a long history, and the model equations have largely evolved since the original Lotka–Volterra system towards more realistic descriptions of the processes of predation, reproduction and mortality. One important aspect is the recognition of the fact that the growth of a population can be subject to an Allee effect, where the per capita growth rate increases with the population density. Including an Allee effect has been shown to fundamentally change predator–prey dynamics and strongly impact species persistence, but previous studies mostly focused on scenarios of an Allee effect in the prey population. Here we explore a predator–prey model with an ecologically important case of the Allee effect in the predator population where it occurs in the numerical response of predator without affecting its functional response. Biologically, this can result from various scenarios such as a lack of mating partners, sperm limitation and cooperative breeding mechanisms, among others. Unlike previous studies, we consider here a generic mathematical formulation of the Allee effect without specifying a concrete parameterisation of the functional form, and analyse the possible local bifurcations in the system. Further, we explore the global bifurcation structure of the model and its possible dynamical regimes for three different concrete parameterisations of the Allee effect. The model possesses a complex bifurcation structure: there can be multiple coexistence states including two stable limit cycles. Inclusion of the Allee effect in the predator generally has a destabilising effect on the coexistence equilibrium. We also show that regardless of the parametrisation of the Allee effect, enrichment of the environment will eventually result in extinction of the predator population.
Oligosarcomas, IDH-mutant are distinct and aggressive
Authors: Suwala Abigail K. , Felix Marius , Friedel Dennis , Stichel Damian , Schrimpf Daniel , Hinz Felix , Hewer Ekkehard , Schweizer Leonille , Dohmen Hildegard , Pohl Ute , Staszewski Ori , Korshunov Andrey , Stein Marco , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Cheunsuacchon Pornsuk , Sathornsumetee Sith , Koelsche Christian , Turner Clinton , Le Rhun Emilie , Mühlebner Angelika , Schucht Philippe , Özduman Koray , Ono Takahiro , Shimizu Hiroaki , Prinz Marco , Acker Till , Herold-Mende Christel , Kessler Tobias , Wick Wolfgang , Capper David , Wesseling Pieter , Sahm Felix , von Deimling Andreas , Hartmann Christian , Reuss David E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOligodendrogliomas are defined at the molecular level by the presence of an IDH mutation and codeletion of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q. In the past, case reports and small studies described gliomas with sarcomatous features arising from oligodendrogliomas, so called oligosarcomas. Here, we report a series of 24 IDH-mutant oligosarcomas from 23 patients forming a distinct methylation class. The tumors were recurrences from prior oligodendrogliomas or developed de novo. Precursor tumors of 12 oligosarcomas were histologically and molecularly indistinguishable from conventional oligodendrogliomas. Oligosarcoma tumor cells were embedded in a dense network of reticulin fibers, frequently showing p53 accumulation, positivity for SMA and CALD1, loss of OLIG2 and gain of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) as compared to primary lesions. In 5 oligosarcomas no 1p/19q codeletion was detectable, although it was present in the primary lesions. Copy number neutral LOH was determined as underlying mechanism. Oligosarcomas harbored an increased chromosomal copy number variation load with frequent CDKN2A/B deletions. Proteomic profiling demonstrated oligosarcomas to be highly distinct from conventional CNS WHO grade 3 oligodendrogliomas with consistent evidence for a smooth muscle differentiation. Expression of several tumor suppressors was reduced with NF1 being lost frequently. In contrast, oncogenic YAP1 was aberrantly overexpressed in oligosarcomas. Panel sequencing revealed mutations in NF1 and TP53 along with IDH1/2 and TERT promoter mutations. Survival of patients was significantly poorer for oligosarcomas as first recurrence than for grade 3 oligodendrogliomas as first recurrence. These results establish oligosarcomas as a distinct group of IDH-mutant gliomas differing from conventional oligodendrogliomas on the histologic, epigenetic, proteomic, molecular and clinical level. The diagnosis can be based on the combined presence of (a) sarcomatous histology, (b) IDH-mutation and (c) TERT promoter mutation and/or 1p/19q codeletion, or, in unresolved cases, on its characteristic DNA methylation profile.
Novel convolutional neural networks for efficient classification of rotated and scaled images
Authors: Tarasiuk Paweł , Szczepaniak Piotr S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for improving the invariance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to selected geometric transformations in order to obtain more efficient image classifiers. A common strategy employed to achieve this aim is to train the network using data augmentation. Such a method alone, however, increases the complexity of the neural network model, as any change in the rotation or size of the input image results in the activation of different CNN feature maps. This problem can be resolved by the proposed novel convolutional neural network models with geometric transformations embedded into the network architecture. The evaluation of the proposed CNN model is performed on the image classification task with the use of diverse representative data sets. The CNN models with embedded geometric transformations are compared to those without the transformations, using different data augmentation setups. As the compared approaches use the same amount of memory to store the parameters, the improved classification score means that the proposed architecture is more optimal.
Computational aspects of relaxation complexity: possibilities and limitations
Authors: Averkov Gennadiy , Hojny Christopher , Schymura Matthias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe relaxation complexity $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X)$$

rc

(
X
)

of the set of integer points X contained in a polyhedron is the smallest number of facets of any polyhedron P such that the integer points in P coincide with X. It is a useful tool to investigate the existence of compact linear descriptions of X. In this article, we derive tight and computable upper bounds on $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}_\mathbb {Q}(X)$$

rc

Q

(
X
)

, a variant of $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X)$$

rc

(
X
)

in which the polyhedra P are required to be rational, and we show that $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X)$$

rc

(
X
)

can be computed in polynomial time if X is 2-dimensional. Further, we investigate computable lower bounds on $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X)$$

rc

(
X
)

with the particular focus on the existence of a finite set $$Y \subseteq \mathbb {Z}^d$$

Y
⊆

Z

d

such that separating X and $$Y \setminus X$$

Y
\
X

allows us to deduce $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X) \ge k$$

rc

(
X
)
≥
k

. In particular, we show for some choices of X that no such finite set Y exists to certify the value of $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X)$$

rc

(
X
)

, providing a negative answer to a question by Weltge (2015). We also obtain an explicit formula for $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X)$$

rc

(
X
)

for specific classes of sets X and present the first practically applicable approach to compute $${{\,\mathrm{rc}\,}}(X)$$

rc

(
X
)

for sets X that admit a finite certificate.
Landslide investigations during pandemic restrictions: initial assessment of recent peat landslides in Ireland
Authors: Dykes Alan P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLandslides involving peat are relatively common in Ireland, upland areas of Great Britain and subantarctic islands. Bogflows and bog slides are less common types of peat failure and almost unknown outside Ireland. Unusually, three of these occurred in 2020 including one bogflow at a windfarm that gained much adverse media attention, and a small but damaging peat slide was also reported. The aim of this paper is to determine the extent to which the new bog slide and bogflows are consistent with previous examples in terms of their contexts, characteristics and possible causes, particularly relating to commercial forestry operations. Aerial video footage of all three landslides obtained by local people using drones, and ground-based footage of one of them in progress, allowed a detailed examination of their characteristics and contexts to be made despite the global travel and activity restrictions caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The windfarm bogflow appears to have resulted from removal of toe support by an earlier peat flow that was itself probably caused by construction of an access road; the other two landslides were most likely triggered by rainfall. All three are consistent with previous examples of their respective types in their general characteristics and appear to be associated with well-known causal factors including hydrological, topographic and/or forestry influences. Forestry operations probably contributed to the occurrence of two of the landslides and restricted the expansion of two of them.
The involvement of oncobiosis and bacterial metabolite signaling in metastasis formation in breast cancer
Authors: Kovács Tünde , Mikó Edit , Ujlaki Gyula , Yousef Heba , Csontos Viktória , Uray Karen , Bai Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women, is characterized by pathological changes to the microbiome of breast tissue, the tumor, the gut, and the urinary tract. Changes to the microbiome are determined by the stage, grade, origin (NST/lobular), and receptor status of the tumor. This year is the 50th anniversary of when Hill and colleagues first showed that changes to the gut microbiome can support breast cancer growth, namely that the oncobiome can reactivate excreted estrogens. The currently available human and murine data suggest that oncobiosis is not a cause of breast cancer, but can support its growth. Furthermore, preexisting dysbiosis and the predisposition to cancer are transplantable. The breast’s and breast cancer’s inherent microbiome and the gut microbiome promote breast cancer growth by reactivating estrogens, rearranging cancer cell metabolism, bringing about a more inflammatory microenvironment, and reducing the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Furthermore, the gut microbiome can produce cytostatic metabolites, the production of which decreases or blunts breast cancer. The role of oncobiosis in the urinary tract is largely uncharted. Oncobiosis in breast cancer supports invasion, metastasis, and recurrence by supporting cellular movement, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell function, and diapedesis. Finally, the oncobiome can modify the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic drugs. The microbiome provides novel leverage on breast cancer that should be exploited for better management of the disease.
Household Earnings and Income Volatility in the UK, 2009–2017
Authors: Avram Silvia , Brewer Mike , Fisher Paul , Fumagalli Laura 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the volatility of sources of individual and household level income in the UK in the years 2009-2017, following the Great Recession and government austerity. We find that the volatility of (pre-tax) earnings and disposable income has fallen for the working-age in this period, largely due to fewer negative and large earnings shocks. For older individuals, we also find a fall in the volatility of private income, mainly due to fewer positive and large income shocks. Taxes and transfers help stabilise incomes, with social security cash benefits and income-dependent refundable tax credits reducing household private income volatility by around a quarter for the working age, and 40 percent for those aged 60 or over. However, over the sample period, taxes and benefits became less well correlated with earnings, reducing their ability to counteract swings in labour income. The findings illustrate the consequences of fiscal retrenchment and the cut-backs to welfare benefits on the stability of incomes.
Stability and local bifurcation analyses of two-wheeled trailers considering the nonlinear coupling between lateral and vertical motions
Authors: Horvath Hanna Zsofia , Takacs Denes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamics of two-wheeled trailers is investigated using a spatial 4-DoF mechanical model. The non-smooth characteristics of the tire forces caused by the detachment of the tires from the ground and other geometrical nonlinearities are taken into account. Beyond the linear stability analysis, the nonlinear vibrations are analyzed with special attention to the nonlinear coupling between the vertical and lateral motions of the trailer. The center manifold reduction is performed leading to a normal form up to third degree terms. The nature of the emerging periodic solutions, and, thus, the sense of the Hopf bifurcations are verified semi-analytically and numerically. Simplified models of the trailer are also used in order to point out the practical relevance of the study. It is shown that the linearly independent pitch motion affects the sense of the Hopf bifurcations at the linear stability boundary. Namely, the constructed spatial trailer model provides subcritical bifurcations for higher center of gravity positions, while the commonly used simplified mechanical models explore the less dangerous supercritical bifurcations only. Domains of loss of contact of tires are also detected and shown in the stability charts highlighting the presence of unsafe zones. Experiments are carried out on a small-scale trailer to validate the theoretical results. A good agreement can be observed between the measured and numerically determined critical speeds and vibration amplitudes.
Phase I-metabolism studies of the synthetic cannabinoids PX-1 and PX-2 using three different in vitro models
Authors: Dahm Patrick , Thomas Andreas , Rothschild Markus A. , Thevis Mario , Mercer-Chalmers-Bender Katja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), highly metabolized substances, are rarely found unmodified in urine samples. Urine screening relies on SC metabolite detection, requiring metabolism knowledge. Metabolism data can be acquired via in vitro assays, e.g., human hepatocytes, pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM), cytochrome P450 isoforms and a fungal model; or in vivo by screening, e.g., authentic human samples or rat urine. This work describes the comprehensive study of PX-1 and PX-2 in vitro metabolism using three in vitro models. 5F-APP-PICA (PX-1) and 5F-APP-PINACA (PX-2) were studied as they share structural similarity with AM-2201, THJ-2201 and 5F-AB-PINACA, the metabolism of which was described in the literature.

Methods
For SC incubation, pHLM, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and the fungal model Cunninghamella elegans LENDNER (C. elegans) were used. PX-1 and PX-2 in vitro metabolites were revealed comprehensively by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry measurements.

Results
In total, 30 metabolites for PX 1 and 15 for PX-2 were detected. The main metabolites for PX-1 and PX-2 were the amide hydrolyzed metabolites, along with an indole monohydroxylated (for PX-1) and a defluorinated pentyl-monohydroxylated metabolite (for PX-2).

Conclusions
CYP isoforms along with fungal incubation results were in good agreement to those obtained with pHLM incubation. CYP2E1 was responsible for many of the metabolic pathways; particularly for PX-1. This study shows that all three in vitro assays are suitable for predicting metabolic pathways of synthetic cannabinoids. To establish completeness of the PX-1 and PX-2 metabolic pathways, it is not only recommended but also necessary to use different assays.