bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index, breast density, and the risk of breast cancer development in relation to the menopausal status; results from a population-based screening program in a native African-Arab country
Authors: Kamal Rasha M , Mostafa Salma , Salem Dorria , ElHatw Ahmed M , Mokhtar Sherif M , Wessam Rasha , Fakhry Sherihan 
Published: July 2022

Background Risk factors are traits or behaviors that have an influence on the development of breast cancer (BC). Awareness of the prevalent risk factors can guide in developing prevention interventions. Purpose To evaluate the correlation between the breast density, body mass index, and the risk of breast cancer development in relation to the menopausal status in a native African-Arab population. Material and methods The study included 30,443 screened females who were classified into cancer and non-cancer groups and each group was further sub-classified into pre- and postmenopausal groups. The breast density (BD) was reported and subjectively classified according to the 2013 ACR BI-RADS breast density classification. The weight and height were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to the WHO BMI classification. Results A statistically significant difference was calculated between the mean BMI in the cancer and non-cancer groups ( p: .027) as well as between the pre- and postmenopausal groups ( p < .001). A positive statistically insignificant correlation was calculated between the breast density and the risk of breast cancer in the premenopausal group (OR: 1.062, p: .919) and a negative highly significant correlation was calculated in the postmenopausal group (OR: 0.234, p < .001). Conclusion BMI and BD are inversely associated with each other. The current studied population presented unique ethnic characteristics, where a decreased BD and an increased BMI were found to be independent risk factors for developing breast cancer.
Development of the Social Experience of a Concert Scales (SECS): The Social Experience of a Live Western Art Music Concert Influences People's Overall Enjoyment of an Event but not Their Emotional Response to the Music
Authors: O’Neill Katherine , Egermann Hauke 
Published: July 2022

Social experience is often considered to be a key motivating factor for engaging with leisure activities and attendance at music concerts is no exception. Despite this, until recently, there has been limited interest in measuring the collective or social experience of live concerts in a quantitative way. Therefore, we created and validated a new measure of the social experience of a concert. In a pilot study, 103 participants were recruited across two concert settings . An extensive list of 65 items was used to measure the social experience of a concert. Based on the results, the measurement scale was reduced to 22 items. In the main study, a further 113 participants were recruited at several concerts from a weekly series with a range of musical genres. Participants provided self-ratings of their social experience, emotional response (GEMIAC), enjoyment and demographic information in a paper survey. Based on the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis we were able to reduce the number of items in the Social Experience of a Concert Scales (SECS) to 17 validated statements representing a five-factor model: Depth of Processing, Attention, Solidarity, Satisfaction, and Self-Definition. Using MANOVA, we tested the influence of these factors on the emotional response of participants to the music and found that they are not significant predictors; however, the social experience of a concert was found to be a significant predictor of enjoyment. We have developed and validated the first quantitative measure of the social experience of a Western art music concert. Our results also suggest that the emotional response to music and the overall experience of a concert are separate and that only the latter can be influenced by the social experience of a concert.
Understanding the COVID Economic Crisis: A Short- Run General Equilibrium Framework
Authors: Sarkar Agnirup 
Published: July 2022

The article develops a static general equilibrium framework, in terms of which effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on output and employment of different sectors are analysed for a country like India where there are many regions, interregional migration and a large informal sector. In particular, three pandemic-induced shocks, namely, stoppage of interregional migration, supply bottlenecks and demand shrinkages are considered in a short-run set-up where prices and wages are rigid. It is shown that supply shocks in one region or sector generates binding demand constraints in others. Monetary transfer by the government increases employment and output. JEL Classifications: D5, E2
Evaluation of Temperature Changes in the Pulp Chamber During Bulk-Fill Composite Polymerization: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Mollaoğlu Eda Yıldız , Kaptan Alper 
Published: July 2022

Aim: To investigate the temperature changes occurring in the pulp chamber during the polymerization of bulk-fill resin materials cured with different light sources by using a pulpal microcirculation simulation device in vitro. Materials and Methods: Class I cavities of width 2 × 3 mm were prepared on 120 permanent noncarious teeth. All samples were adjusted to maintain 2 mm dentin thickness within the pulp chamber and the cavity base. Venus Bulk Fill, Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill, and Filtek Z250 were used as restorative materials. Materials were polymerized with Valo Light Emitting Diode (LED), Elipar S10, and Elipar Deepcure-S devices. A j-type thermocouple with microcirculation assemblies was used for measuring the temperature increments inside the pulp chamber during the polymerization of bulk-fill composite resins. The obtained data were recorded. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between the light sources and the temperature changes occurring during the polymerization ( P <.05). The difference in temperature increases was found to be significant ( P <.05) between restorative materials. The highest temperature rise values were obtained from Venus Bulk Fill. Conclusion: All light devices used in the study caused an increase in temperature in the pulp chamber in all groups. For all resin materials used, it was observed that the temperature values arising during the polymerization via used light sources did not exceed 5.5°C, which is the critical value for pulp.
Scleromyxedema in an adult following Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccination: An extremely rare phenomenon
Authors: Parsaei Amirhossein , Rezaei Somayeh Sadat , Rahmani Alireza , Masoumi Maryam , Dehghanbanadaki Hojat , Norouzi Somayyeh , Riyahi Mohammad Mehdi , Tabaraii Reihane , Montazeri Seyed Mohammad Hashem 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccine produces a variety of cutaneous adverse effects. Scleromyxedema is a mucinous connective tissue disorder that causes skin thickness and sclerodermoid changes. According to our findings, this is the first case of scleromyxedema induced by the Sinopharm immunization. Case description: We discuss the case of a 75-year-old woman who acquired progressive thickening of the skin in her limbs and trunk after getting the Sinopharm vaccination. Examination, laboratory testing, and a biopsy were used to verify scleromyxedema diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulins, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone were used in the treatment of the patient. The outcomes from the 4-month follow-up were reassuring. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need of considering scleromyxedema as a connective tissue pathology in patients who have recently received Sinopharm vaccine and have similar cutaneous signs.
Attitudes Toward Transgender Persons Among Medical Students of a Tertiary Health-Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study
Authors: Jain Harsh , Subramanian Karthick , Gowsi Keni , Sankaran Avudaiappan 
Published: July 2022

Background: Inadequate knowledge and awareness about transgenderism among doctors can lead to inadequate health-care services to transgender persons. Objective: To assess the prevalent attitudes and beliefs toward transgender persons amongst medical undergraduates. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study included medical undergraduates of both gender in a tertiary care hospital. The students belonged to “early clinical phase” (yet to start clinical postings). The sociodemographic characteristics and academic and social exposure to transgender-related issues were recorded using a semi-structured proforma. Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale was used to assess the attitudes and beliefs toward transgender persons. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: Of the 170 second-year medical students, majority reported negligible social exposure (71.3%) and academic exposure (81.6%) to transgenderism. Female students displayed better attitudes and beliefs toward transgender persons than their male counterparts. Conclusions: Medical undergraduates require systematic academic exposure to transgender-related health issues. Gender differences exist among medical undergraduates in the beliefs and attitudes toward transgenderism.
Nationwide Analysis of Complex Midface Advancement in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kalmar Christopher L. , O’Sick Nicholas R. , Pontell Matthew E. , Golinko Michael S. 
Published: July 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to utilize a multicenter database to better understand preexisting comorbidities, postoperative complications, and hospital financial charges for pediatric patients undergoing complex midface advancement procedures. Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients undergoing midface advancement, including Le Fort II (LF2), Le Fort III (LF3), and Monobloc procedures in the United States between 2010 and 2020 using the Pediatric Health Information System. Preexisting comorbidities, postoperative complications, and hospital admission charges among these cohorts were analyzed. Results: During the study interval, 91 patients underwent complex midface reconstruction. Median age was 12.7 years. Postoperative complication rate was 44.0%, and LF2 procedures had fewer surgical complications than LF3 ( P < .001) and Monobloc ( P < .001). Distraction osteogenesis was utilized in 29.7% of midface advancement procedures. LF2 procedures were less likely to require blood transfusions than LF3 ( P < .001) and Monobloc ( P < .001). Hospital admission charges tripled over the last 10 years ( P = .004), and these charges varied significantly across regions of the country ( P < .001). Patients undergoing LF2 had lower hospital admission charges than those undergoing LF3 ( P < .001) and Monobloc ( P < .001). Several patients (30.3%) chose a farther hospital than the one locally available. Conclusions: While midface advancement procedures are conceptually grouped together, LF2 has significantly lower surgical complications, blood transfusions, hospital lengths of stay, hospital admission charges, ICU lengths of stay, and ICU charges than LF3 or Monobloc procedures.
Genetic testing in severe aplastic anemia is required for optimal hematopoietic cell transplant outcomes
Authors: McReynolds Lisa J. , Rafati Maryam , Wang Youjin , Ballew Bari J. , Kim Jung , Williams Valencia V. , Zhou Weiyin , Hendricks Rachel M. , Dagnall Casey , Freedman Neal D. , Carter Brian , Strollo Sara , Hicks Belynda , Zhu Bin , Jones Kristine , Paczesny Sophie , Marsh Steven G. E. , Spellman Stephen R. , He Meilun , Wang Tao , Lee Stephanie J. , Savage Sharon A. , Gadalla Shahinaz M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) can have an unrecognized inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) because of phenotypic heterogeneity. We curated germline genetic variants in 104 IBMFS-associated genes from exome sequencing performed on 732 patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) between 1989 and 2015 for acquired SAA. Patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants fitting known disease zygosity patterns were deemed unrecognized IBMFS. Carriers were defined as patients with a single P/LP variant in an autosomal recessive gene or females with an X-linked recessive P/LP variant. Cox proportional hazard models were used for survival analysis with follow-up until 2017. We identified 113 P/LP single-nucleotide variants or small insertions/deletions and 10 copy number variants across 42 genes in 121 patients. Ninety-one patients had 105 in silico predicted deleterious variants of uncertain significance (dVUS). Forty-eight patients (6.6%) had an unrecognized IBMFS (33% adults), and 73 (10%) were carriers. No survival difference between dVUS and acquired SAA was noted. Compared with acquired SAA (no P/LP variants), patients with unrecognized IBMFS, but not carriers, had worse survival after HCT (IBMFS hazard ratio [HR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval[CI], 1.40-3.24; P = .0004; carriers HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.62-1.50; P = .86). Results were similar in analyses restricted to patients receiving reduced-intensity conditioning (n = 448; HR IBMFS = 2.39; P = .01). The excess mortality risk in unrecognized IBMFS attributed to death from organ failure (HR = 4.88; P &lt; .0001). Genetic testing should be part of the diagnostic evaluation for all patients with SAA to tailor therapeutic regimens. Carriers of a pathogenic variant in an IBMFS gene can follow HCT regimens for acquired SAA.
Benefits of specialist severe asthma management: demographic and geographic disparities
Authors: Redmond Charlene , Heaney Liam G. , Chaudhuri Rekha , Jackson David J. , Menzies-Gow Andrew , Pfeffer Paul , Busby John 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe benefits of specialist assessment and management have yet to be evaluated within the biologic era of UK severe asthma treatment, and potential disparities have not been considered.MethodsIn an uncontrolled before-and-after study, we compared asthma symptoms (Asthma Control Questionnaire-6 (ACQ-6)), exacerbations, unscheduled secondary care use, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) and oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose after 1 year. We compared outcomes by sex, age (18–34, 35–49, 50–64 and ≥65 years), ethnicity (Caucasianversusnon-Caucasian) and hospital site after adjusting for demographics and variation in biologic therapy use.Results1140 patients were followed-up for 1370 person-years from 12 specialist centres. At annual review, ACQ-6 score was reduced by a median (interquartile range (IQR)) of 0.7 (0.0–1.5), exacerbations by 75% (33–100%) and unscheduled secondary care by 100% (67–100%). FEV1increased by a median (IQR) of 20 (−200–340) mL, while OCS dose decreased for 67% of patients. Clinically meaningful improvements occurred across almost all patients, including those not receiving biologic therapy. There was little evidence of differences across demographic groups, although those aged ≥65 years demonstrated larger reductions in exacerbations (69%versus52%; p<0.001) and unscheduled care use (77%versus50%; p<0.001) compared with patients aged 18–34 years. There were >2-fold differences between the best and worst performing centres across all study outcomes.ConclusionsSpecialist assessment and management is associated with substantially improved patient outcomes, which are broadly consistent across demographic groups and are not restricted to those receiving biologic therapy. Significant variation exists between hospitals, which requires further investigation.
Adverse roles of mast cell chymase-1 in COPD
Authors: Liu Gang , Jarnicki Andrew G. , Paudel Keshav R. , Lu Wenying , Wadhwa Ridhima , Philp Ashleigh M. , Van Eeckhoutte Hannelore , Marshall Jacqueline E. , Malyla Vamshikrishna , Katsifis Angelica , Fricker Michael , Hansbro Nicole G. , Dua Kamal , Kermani Nazanin Z. , Eapen Mathew S. , Tiotiu Angelica , Chung K. Fan , Caramori Gaetano , Bracke Ken , Adcock Ian M. , Sohal Sukhwinder S. , Wark Peter A. , Oliver Brian G. , Hansbro Philip M. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCOPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced chronic inflammation inducing airway remodelling, emphysema and impaired lung function is the primary cause. Effective therapies are urgently needed. Human chymase (hCMA)1 and its orthologue mCMA1/mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)5 are exocytosed from activated mast cells and have adverse roles in numerous disorders, but their role in COPD is unknown.MethodsWe evaluated hCMA1 levels in lung tissues of COPD patients. We usedmmcp5-deficient (−/−) mice to evaluate this protease's role and potential for therapeutic targeting in CS-induced experimental COPD. In addition, we usedex vivo/in vitrostudies to define mechanisms.ResultsThe levels of hCMA1 mRNA and CMA1+mast cells were increased in lung tissues from severe compared to early/mild COPD patients, non-COPD smokers and healthy controls. Degranulated mast cell numbers and mMCP5 protein were increased in lung tissues of wild-type mice with experimental COPD.mmcp5−/−mice were protected against CS-induced inflammation and macrophage accumulation, airway remodelling, emphysema and impaired lung function in experimental COPD. CS extract challenge of co-cultures of mast cells from wild-type, but notmmcp5−/−mice with wild-type lung macrophages increased in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α release. It also caused the release of CMA1 from human mast cells, and recombinant hCMA-1 induced TNF-α release from human macrophages. Treatment with CMA1 inhibitor potently suppressed these hallmark features of experimental COPD.ConclusionCMA1/mMCP5 promotes the pathogenesis of COPD, in part, by inducing TNF-α expression and release from lung macrophages. Inhibiting hCMA1 may be a novel treatment for COPD.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by modulating cellular senescence and mitophagy in lung fibroblasts
Authors: Guan Ruijuan , Yuan Liang , Li Jingpei , Wang Jian , Li Ziying , Cai Zhou , Guo Hua , Fang Yaowei , Lin Ran , Liu Wei , Wang Lan , Zheng Qiuyu , Xu Jingyi , Zhou You , Qian Jing , Ding Mingjing , Luo Jieping , Li Yuanyuan , Yang Kai , Sun Dejun , Yao Hongwei , He Jianxing , Lu Wenju 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAccumulation of myofibroblasts is critical to fibrogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Senescence and insufficient mitophagy in fibroblasts contribute to their differentiation into myofibroblasts, thereby promoting the development of lung fibrosis. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a multifunctional growth factor, is essential for the early stage of lung development; however, the role of BMP4 in modulating lung fibrosis remains unknown.MethodsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of BMP4 in lung fibrosis using BMP4-haplodeleted mice, BMP4-overexpressed mice, primary lung fibroblasts and lung samples from patients with IPF.ResultsBMP4 expression was downregulated in IPF lungs and fibroblasts compared to control individuals, negatively correlated with fibrotic genes, and BMP4 decreased with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 stimulation in lung fibroblasts in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In mice challenged with bleomycin, BMP4 haploinsufficiency perpetuated activation of lung myofibroblasts and caused accelerated lung function decline, severe fibrosis and mortality. BMP4 overexpression using adeno-associated virus 9 vectors showed preventative and therapeutic efficacy against lung fibrosis.In vitro, BMP4 attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production by reducing impaired mitophagy and cellular senescence in lung fibroblasts. Pink1 silencing by short-hairpin RNA transfection abolished the ability of BMP4 to reverse the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production, indicating dependence on Pink1-mediated mitophagy. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of BMP4 on fibroblast activation and differentiation was accompanied with an activation of Smad1/5/9 signalling and suppression of TGF-β1-mediated Smad2/3 signallingin vivoandin vitro.ConclusionStrategies for enhancing BMP4 signalling may represent an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
Associations of hiatus hernia with CT-based interstitial lung changes: the MESA Lung Study
Authors: Kim John S. , Kim Jinhye , Yin Xiaorui , Hiura Grant T. , Anderson Michaela R. , Hoffman Eric A. , Raghu Ganesh , Noth Imre , Manichaikul Ani , Rich Stephen S. , Smith Benjamin M. , Podolanczuk Anna J. , Garcia Christine Kim , Barr R. Graham , Prince Martin R. , Oelsner Elizabeth C. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHiatus hernia (HH) is prevalent in adults with pulmonary fibrosis. We hypothesised that HH would be associated with markers of lung inflammation and fibrosis among community-dwelling adults and stronger amongMUC5B(rs35705950) risk allele carriers.MethodsIn the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, HH was assessed from cardiac and full-lung computed tomography (CT) scans performed at Exam 1 (2000–2002, n=3342) and Exam 5 (2010–2012, n=3091), respectively. Percentage of high attenuation areas (HAAs; percentage of voxels with attenuation between −600 and −250 HU) was measured from cardiac and lung scans. Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) were examined from Exam 5 scans (n=2380). Regression models were used to examine the associations of HH with HAAs, ILAs and serum matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking, height, weight and scanner parameters for HAA analysis.ResultsHH detected from Exam 5 scans was associated with a mean percentage difference in HAAs of 2.23% (95% CI 0.57–3.93%) and an increase of 0.48% (95% CI 0.07–0.89%) per year, particularly inMUC5Brisk allele carriers (p-value for interaction=0.02). HH was associated with ILAs among those <80 years of age (OR for ILAs 1.78, 95% CI 1.14–2.80) and higher serum MMP-7 level among smokers (p-value for smoking interaction=0.04).ConclusionsHH was associated with more HAAs over time, particularly amongMUC5Brisk allele carriers, and ILAs in younger adults, and may be a risk factor in the early stages of interstitial lung disease.
An observational study to determine the relationship between cough frequency and markers of inflammation in severe asthma
Authors: Holmes Joshua , McGarvey Lorcan P.A. , Birring Surinder S. , Fletcher Hannah , Heaney Liam G. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between objectively measured cough and type 2 (T2) biomarkers and other measures of asthma control and severity is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between objective and subjective cough measurement tools and clinical biomarkers of asthma.MethodsPatients with severe asthma and mild-to-moderate asthma completed validated asthma and cough-related measurement tools (including ambulatory cough monitoring) and measurement of spirometry and T2 biomarkers (exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FENO) and peripheral blood eosinophil count). Patients were classified according to T2 status based on T2-low (FENO<20 ppb and peripheral blood eosinophils <150 cells·µL−1), T2-intermediate (FENO≥20 ppb or peripheral blood eosinophils ≥150 cells·µL−1) or T2-high (FENO≥20 ppb and peripheral blood eosinophils ≥150 cells·µL−1).Results61 patients completed the study measurements (42 severe asthma and 19 mild-to-moderate asthma). Patients with severe asthma had higher rates of cough than those with mild-to-moderate asthma in terms of total 24-h cough counts (geometric mean±sd170.3±2.7versus60.8±4.1; p=0.002) and cough frequency (geometric mean±sd7.1±2.7versus2.5±4.1 coughs·h−1; p=0.002). T2-low patients with severe asthma had significantly lower 24-h cough frequency compared with T2-intermediate and T2-high patients.ConclusionsIn patients with low biomarkers of T2 inflammation, cough frequency measurements were not elevated, suggesting that the mechanism for cough in asthma is underlying T2 eosinophilic inflammation and the logical first step for treating cough in asthma may be to achieve adequate suppression of T2 inflammation with currently available therapies.