bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Characterization of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Al Hababy Mohammed , Ishaq Ramy Abdul Rahman 
Published: February 2025

Background: Skeletal Class III malocclusion is characterized by several dentofacial deformities linked to environmental and genetic causes. It constitutes a clinical obstacle due to an insufficient understanding of its origins. Thus, proper classification and definition are key to diagnosing and treating this malocclusion correctly.
Objective: This study aimed to identify sub-clusters of skeletal Class III malocclusion in a group of Yemeni adults using multivariate reduction analyses.
Design: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at the Orthodontic Graduate Clinics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana`a University, Sana`a, Yemen.
Material and Methods: This study included lateral cephalometric radiographs of 144 Yemeni adults (67 males and 77 females, mean age 29 years) with true Class III skeletal malocclusion ranging from mild to severe. A total of 62 measurements were used to perform principal component analyses and subsequent cluster analyses.
Results: Eight principal components were identified and represented 79.4% of the variance. The fist three main components, which described vertical and sagittal variables as significant descriptors, explained 50.8% of the variance. Cluster analysis identified 5 phenotypic subclusters. Cluster 1 denoted a mild Class III phenotype. Cluster 2 displayed a vertical phenotype with a steep mandibular plane. Cluster 3 displayed a phenotype characterized by a purely severe mandibular prognathism. Cluster 4 showed a severe maxillary retrusion phenotype. Cluster 5 displayed a severe maxillary deficiency with a severe mandibular protrusion.
Conclusion: There was a significant variance demonstrated among sub-phenotypes of a selected group of adult Yemeni Class III populations. Based on these results, further genetic investigations will enable us to uncover the etiological genes associated with each sub-cluster.
Ambigüedad institucional e intersticio liminal bajo el efecto de la lógica mercantil en el académico universitario
Authors: Gómez-Rodríguez María Elisa , Vázquez-García Ángel Wilhelm 
Published: February 2025

Este artículo coloca su interés en proponer una reinterpretación de algunos aspectos de la transferencia de conocimiento a partir del académico universitario. Se analiza la ambivalencia identitaria del investigador emprendedor que participa en la transferencia de conocimiento, en una universidad pública mexicana. La metodología que sostiene los resultados se apoyó desde una óptica cualitativa. Se documentaron las expresiones discursivas de investigadores, obtenidas mediante entrevistas semidirigidas, complementadas con análisis documental y material recolectado a través de la observación indirecta en una universidad estatal en el centro de la república mexicana. La discusión central enfatiza la existencia de procesos fragmentados y ambiguos que, en un contexto hispanoamericano, configuran un intersticio identitario que origina un espacio liminal. El principal hallazgo de la investigación consistió en la identificación de distintas lógicas institucionales que convergen en el académico, de una universidad pública mexicana estatal, generando un proceso de ambigüedad identitaria, fuente de profundas tensiones...
Evaluación financiera en la engorda rural de guajolote blanco doble pechuga
Authors: Dorantes-Coronado Ernesto Joel , Posadas-Domínguez Rodolfo Rogelio , Rojo-Rubio Rolando , Valentín Mendoza-Méndez Rafael , López-Benítez Hugo 
Published: February 2025

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar financieramente la engorda rural de guajolote blanco doble pechuga. Para cumplir con este propósito, se analizaron datos de cincuenta guajolotes (379.90 ± 141.69 gramos de PVI, 15 días de nacidos), bajo la metodología Análisis de Costo-Beneficio (ACB) en las cuatro etapas de producción (iniciación, crecimiento, desarrollo y finalización). Los resultados indicaron que un horizonte de cinco años la producción de guajolote es rentable, al presentar una TIR (93.80%) mayor al costo de oportunidad del capital (TREMA = 14.29%), y un Valor Presente Neto superior a 0 ($42,084.58). Con este desempeño financiero el proyecto durante cada año de vida puede cubrir la manutención anual de 0.5 personas. Estos resultados sugieren, que la producción de guajolote puede implementarse por las familias de comunidades rurales al requerir una inversión de capital baja ($17,454) y representar una estrategia para complementar sus ingresos.
Numerical Investigation of Enhanced Efficiency in CIGS Solar Cells with 3C-SiC and PEDOT:PSS Integration
Authors: Zouache Rafik , Saidani Okba , Yousfi Abderrahim , Alsubaie Abdullah Saad , Soulef Ben Abdelmoumene , Feriel Lamari , Islam Rasidul 
Published: February 2025

Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based thin-film solar cells continue to lead advancements in the efficiency of thin-film technologies. In this study, we propose cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) as a viable alternative to cadmium sulfide (CdS) for use as a buffer layer in CIGS solar cells. 3C-SiC offers superior transparency, higher electron mobility, and non-toxicity, making it a promising candidate for enhancing device efficiency. In this paper, we present a computational analysis of a thin-film solar cell utilizing a ZnO/3C-SiC/CIGS/ poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)/Mo heterostructure with PEDOT:PSS as the back surface field (BSF) layer. Simulations conducted using SCAPS-1D software demonstrate impressive photoconversion efficiencies, achieving an ideal efficiency (η) of 32.83%, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.86 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 56.40 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 80.79%. The study systematically examines the influence of key parameters, including CIGS absorber thickness, PEDOT:PSS thickness, 3C-SiC thickness, and temperature, demonstrating a strong correlation with previous experimental results. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the performance of CIGS solar cells and highlight promising avenues for future advancements in thin-film photovoltaics.
Comparative efficacy and survival of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease in different lines of therapy: the clinician’s view of the problem
Authors: Levitskaya A. V. , Belousova E. A. , Lomakina E. Yu. , Teberdieva M. V. 
Published: February 2025

AIM: to analyze publications and assess the current state of the issue on the comparative efficacy and survival of different classes and different lines of biological therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)MATERIALS AND METHODS: the search for publications was done in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and Cochrane Library from 2013 to 2024 using key words and phrases “Inflammatory bowel disease”, “ulcerative colitis”, “Crohn’s disease”, “biologics survival/persistence”, “comparative efficacy of biologics in different therapy lines”, “biologics”, “immunogenicity”. RESULTS: loss of response over time is observed for all biologic agents. The choice of the first biologic agent may affect the efficacy of subsequent lines of therapy. TNF inhibitors are most often prescribed in the first line of therapy, but their survival in IBD is lower compared to biologic agents of other classes: half of the patients loses response after 1–2 years. Switching within one class of biologic agents (TNF inhibitors) reduces the efficacy of the second line of therapy. The survival of INF and ADA is comparable in CD, but in UC, the survival of INF is higher than that of ADA and GOL. Data on the efficacy and survival of VEDO in the 1st and 2nd lines of therapy are contradictory. Most studies assessing the survival and efficacy of biologic agents do not exceed one year, that is insufficient to predict the long-term outcome. There is data on high long-term efficacy and survival of UST without significant loss of response for 4–5 years in bio naive IBD patients and in bio failures. UST has a higher survival rate than VEDO in the second line of therapy in case of loss of response to INF. In case of loss of response to biologics, it is advisable to evaluate the level of antibodies and drug concentration in the blood.CONCLUSION: studies on the survival and long-term efficacy of biologic therapy are very limited and contradictory. More direct comparative studies of different classes of biologics in the first and subsequent lines of therapy are needed. In real practice, it is necessary to consider the existing data on the survival of biologics when choosing therapy.
Cofactor engineering for improved production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid via the synthetic homoserine pathway
Authors: Ihle Nadine , Grüßner Laura , Alkim Ceren , Nguyen T. A. Stefanie , Walther Thomas , Frazão Cláudio J. R. 
Published: February 2025

(L)-2,4-dihydroxybutyrate (DHB) is a versatile compound that can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of the methionine analog 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyrate and new advanced polymers. We previously implemented in Escherichia coli an artificial biosynthetic pathway for the aerobic production of DHB from glucose, which relies on the deamination of (L)-homoserine followed by the reduction of 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) and yields DHB by an enzyme-bearing NADH-dependent OHB reductase activity. Under aerobic conditions, using NADPH as a cofactor is more favorable for reduction processes. We report the construction of an NADPH-dependent OHB reductase and increased intracellular NADPH supply by metabolic engineering to improve DHB production. Key cofactor discriminating positions were identified in the previously engineered NADH-dependent OHB reductase (E. coli malate dehydrogenase I12V:R81A:M85Q:D86S:G179D) and tested by mutational scanning. The two point mutations D34G:I35R were found to increase the specificity for NADPH by more than three orders of magnitude. Using the new OHB reductase enzyme, replacing the homoserine transaminase with the improved variant Ec.AlaC A142P:Y275D and increasing the NADPH supply by overexpressing the pntAB gene encoding the membrane-bound transhydrogenase yielded a strain that produced DHB from glucose at a yield of 0.25 molDHB molGlucose−1 in shake-flask experiments, which corresponds to a 50% increase compared to previous producer strains. Upon 24 h of batch cultivation of the most advanced DHB producer strain constructed in this work, a volumetric productivity of 0.83 mmolDHB L−1 h−1 was reached.
Gut microbiota regulates optic nerve fiber myelination
Authors: Ronchi Giulia , Pellegrino Davide , El Soury Marwa , Amato Olga , Gaia Francesco , Farzin Sajjad , Nuzzi Raffaele , Basic Marijana , Bolsega Silvia , Geuna Stefano , Cescon Matilde , Haastert-Talini Kirsten , Gambarotta Giovanna 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionRecent evidence supports the hypothesis of an association between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of retinal and eye diseases, suggesting the existence of a gut-eye axis. However, no data are available on the possible effect of the gut microbiota on the optic nerve fiber maturation and myelin development.MethodsWe investigated the impact of gut microbiota on the optic nerves collected from neonatal and young adult germ-free (GF), gnotobiotic (stably colonized with 12 bacteria strains, OMM12) and control (colonized with a complex gut microbiota, CGM) mice, by performing stereological and morphoquantitative analyses with transmission electron microscopy and gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsYoung adult GF and OMM12 optic nerve axons are smaller and hypermyelinated compared to CGM ones, while no such differences were detected in neonatal optic nerves. The transcription factors Olig1, Olig2, and Sox10 (oligodendrocyte myelination positive regulators) are downregulated in CGM and OMM12 young adult mice compared to the respective neonates. Such developmental downregulation was not observed in GF optic nerves, suggesting that the absence of the gut microbiota prolongs the stimulation of optic nerve fiber myelination, possibly through mechanisms that are yet to be identified.DiscussionAltogether, these data underscore the gut microbiota pivotal role in driving optic nerve myelination, contributing to our knowledge about both the gut-eye axis and the gut-brain axis, and opening new horizons for further investigations that will explore the role of the microbiota also in pathologies, injuries and regeneration associated with the optic nerve.
Transcriptomic insights into developmental arrest in fluorescent labeling transgenic Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) embryos via inter-order cloning
Authors: Pankammoon Peachanika , Qing Yubo , Zhao Heng , Jiao Deling , Li Honghui , Wang Fengchong , Wiriyahdamrong Thanapa , Guo Jianxiong , Li Wengui , Chuammitri Phongsakorn , Thitaram Chatchote , Wei Hongjiang , Sathanowongs Anucha 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAsian elephants (Elephas maximus) provide a unique model for studying cloning in large mammals. As an endangered species with declining populations and limited oocyte availability, interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) combined with transcriptomic analysis holds promise for advancing iSCNT embryonic arrest development and further facilitating applications in conservation efforts, therapeutic cloning, and regenerative medicine.MethodsThis study conducted low-input RNA sequencing analyses on transgenic Asian elephant-pig (AE-P) inter-order cloned embryos expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the 2- and 4-cell stages. Differential gene expressions, pathway enrichment, and hub gene analyses were performed to identify the molecular mechanisms and core genes influencing normal and arrest development.Results and DiscussionApproximately 25% of clean reads successfully aligned with the Asian elephant genome. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that inter-order cloned embryos with earlier cleavage at the 2- and 4-cell stages exhibited signs of residual transcriptomic memory and incomplete epigenetic reprogramming, while arrested embryos showed indications of nucleocytoplasmic incompatibility and nDNA-mtDNA mismatch. Hub gene analyses indicated core genes such as NDUFC2, NDUFS3, NDUFAB1, SDHC, SDHB, NUP54, NUP43, NUP37, NDC1, CDK1, and CCNB1 linked to energy production, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and cell cycle regulation highlighting the overall challenges in cloning Asian elephant inter-order embryos. Altogether, the analysis of high-throughput sequencing enhances the reliability of iSCNT production in this study, advancing our understanding of cellular reprogramming and molecular roadblocks in AE-P inter-order cloned embryos. Transcriptomic analyses have identified key factors contributing to developmental barriers in iSCNT, offering valuable insights into the complexities of these challenges.
Xingnao Jiutan tablets modulate gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolism to alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Zhang Jing , Hou Xiaoran , Cai Shijiao , Zhang Jingyue , Gou Yidan , Zhang Hanxu , Zhai Yang , Yuan Hengjie 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionXingnao Jiutan tablets (XNJT), a compound Chinese medicine, have been applied to the treatment of the sequelae of cerebral thrombosis or cerebral hemorrhage, transient cerebral ischemia, and central retinal vein obstruction, etc., but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. This research focused on examining the impact of XNJT for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury, utilizing gut microbiota and metabolomic studies.MethodsThe primary components of XNJT were identified through the application of the HPLC technique. We established a MCAO/ R model in mice and conducted behavioral evaluations, cerebral blood flow measurements, and TTC staining. We used ELISA, high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics techniques to detect inflammatory factors, microbial populations, and metabolites, respectively. Finally, we performed Spearman correlation analysis to investigate the relationships among gut microbiota and metabolites, comprehensively exploring the mechanisms of XNJT to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.ResultsWe discovered that XNJT effectively enhanced neurological performance, alleviated cerebral infarction, diminished neuronal cell death, and increased cerebral blood flow. Moreover, XNJT downregulated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF, IL-6, and IL-1b. Additionally, XNJT improved gut microbiota levels in MCAO/R mice, particularly Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Escherichia-Shigella, and Ligilactobacillus. Furthermore, XNJT primarily modulated differential metabolites in the gut through Glycerophospholipid, Linoleic acid, and Sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations among intestinal microbiota and various metabolites.DiscussionIn summary, our findings suggest that XNJT can improve cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury outcomes, reduce inflammatory responses, and regulate gut microbiota and differential metabolites. It’s possible that the potential mechanisms are connected to controlling gut microbiota and metabolism.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the outcome of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV after antiretroviral therapy in China
Authors: Jin Yong , Zhu Jiaona , Chen Qingmei , Wang Mian , Shen Zhihong , Dong Yongquan , Li Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV (PLWH) is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome in PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in China, accounting for both traditional and HIV-specific risk factors.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among PLWH receiving ART at a designated treatment center in Yinzhou District, China. A total of 774 patients were randomly assigned to development and validation cohorts in a 5:5 ratio. Predictive variables were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariable Cox regression analysis. The model’s discriminative ability was assessed using the C-index and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Calibration was evaluated through calibration plots, and clinical utility was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA).Results﻿The nomogram incorporated age, ART regimen, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HIV viral load as predictive factors. The C-index was 0.726 in the development cohort and 0.781 in the validation cohort, indicating strong discriminative ability. AUC values for predicting metabolic syndrome at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.732, 0.728, and 0.737 in the development cohort, and 0.797, 0.803, and 0.783 in the validation cohort. Calibration plots showed strong concordance between predicted and observed outcomes, while DCA affirmed the model’s clinical applicability.ConclusionA user-friendly nomogram incorporating six routinely collected variables was developed and internally validated, which can effectively predict metabolic syndrome in PLWH following ART.
A comprehensive study on the impact of Ligustrum vicaryi L. fruit polysaccharide on myocardial fibrosis through animal experiments, network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Liu Shuling , Liu Meifang , Wang Jianan , Rong Ruixue , Gao Yanwei , Li Xiaoqi , Liu Xin , Li Shaojian 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundMyocardial fibrosis (MF) is a prevalent pathological condition associated with various heart diseases, such as heart failure and arrhythmias, which disrupt electrical signals and reduce pumping efficiency. This research explored the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Ligustrum vicaryi L. fruit polysaccharide (LVFP) on MF.MethodsIn vivo experiments, including fibrosis markers assay, echocardiography, HE staining, Sirius red staining, and Masson's trichrome staining, were performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of LVFP in treating isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MF. We utilized the PharmMapper database to identify targets of LVFP, aiming to explore potential targets. Additionally, we obtained MF-related targets from the GeneCards database. We utilized Venny, a bioinformatics tool, to identify the intersection between the targets of LVFP and those related to MF. We utilized the STRING database to construct a protein interaction network for the overlapping targets and identified key targets for LVFP in treating MF through cytoHubba analysis. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis on the intersection targets. We also examined the interaction between LVFP and the key targets using molecular docking techniques.ResultsLVFP significantly inhibited fibrosis biomarker such as hydroxyproline (HYP) and decreased myocardial fibrosis level as shown by heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) measurement when compared to ISO-treated mice. Additionally, it increased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) levels. LVFP showed decreased collagen levels compared to the ISO-treated mice by histological quantification of cardiac fibrosis. Based on the monosaccharide structures of LVFP, 413 targets were identified, with 67 associated with MF. Analysis indicated that the 9 hub genes (AKT1, HSP90AA1, SRC, GSK3β, VEGFR2, RHOA, ENO1, PKM, and IL-2) play roles in MF treatment by participating in signaling pathways related to prostate cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. Molecular docking results showed that LVFP exhibited strong binding potential to VEGFR2 (−8.65 kcal/mol), AKT1 (−7.36 kcal/mol) and GSK3β (−7.68 kcal/mol).ConclusionLVFP shows promise as a therapeutic agent for MF, primarily through the regulation of various signaling pathways and targets. These findings provide novel insights for the treatment of MF utilizing LVFP.
Alterations in bile acid metabolites associated with pathogenicity and IVIG resistance in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Wang Xinqi , Han Linli , Jiang Jiyang , Fan Zhenxin , Hua Yimin , He Libang , Li Yifei 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects children as an acute systemic vasculitis. Numerous studies indicated an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease due to metabolic disturbances. Despite this knowledge, the specific metabolic modes involved in KD remain unclear.MethodsWe examined the metabolome of individuals with 108 KD and 52 non-KD controls (KD vs. nKD) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS).ResultsDifferential analysis uncovered the disturbed production of bile acids and lipids in KD. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, and coronary artery (CA) occurrence on the metabolome. Our findings suggested that IVIG treatment alters the lipid and amino acid metabolism of KD patients. By orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), there was no significant difference between the coronary injury groups and non-coronary injury groups, and IVIG resistance didn't appear to cause the metabolic change in KD patients.ConclusionsPatients with KD exhibit metabolic abnormalities, particularly in bile acids and lipids. IVIG interventions may partially ameliorate these lipid abnormalities.