bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging Stakeholders in Identifying Access Research Priorities for the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: McNeal Demetria M. , Fehling Kelty , Ho P. Michael , Kaboli Peter , Shimada Stephanie , Saini Sameer D. , Youles Bradley , Albright Karen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Veterans Access Research Consortium (VARC), a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Consortium of Research focused on access to healthcare, has been funded by VA’s Health Services Research and Development Service (HSR&D) to develop a research roadmap for healthcare access. The goal of the roadmap is to identify operationally aligned research questions that are most likely to lead to meaningful improvements in Veterans’ healthcare access.ObjectivesTo describe the process of soliciting diverse stakeholder perspectives about key priorities on which VA’s HSR&D access agenda should focus and identify the results of that process.MethodsWe used a modified Delphi approach to engage researchers and VA operational partners in a process to develop recommendations regarding the access-related research questions VA should prioritize. We then collaborated with three Veteran Engagement Groups (VEGs) across the country to solicit Veterans’ reactions to the Delphi results and their perspectives about access-related issues affecting access to VA health care.ResultsThe Delphi panel consisted of 22 research and operational experts, both internal and external to VA. The Delphi process resulted in five research questions identified by the panelists as highest priority for VA to pursue, each representing one of the following domains: (1) measurement of access, (2) barriers to access, (3) equity and subpopulations, (4) effective interventions to improve access, and (5) consequences of poor/better access. Veterans’ perspectives focused primarily on the barriers to access domain. Veterans indicated several barriers that might be addressed through research or operational initiatives, including poor communication about services, weak connections to and partnerships with local community care facilities, and poor provision of telehealth resources and education.ConclusionsEngaging multiple methods to solicit stakeholder perspectives enables more nuanced understanding of access-related priorities for VA. Future research should consider utilizing such an approach to identify additional research and/or operational priorities.
Health Experiences Research as a Resource and Mechanism for Veteran Engagement in VA Healthcare Research and Care Delivery
Authors: Nugent Shannon M. , Cottrell Erika , Knight Sara J. , Helfand Mark 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEngaging patients in the research process helps to ensure researchers ask meaningful questions and generate useful evidence to inform healthcare decisions. In 2015, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) service convened a Veteran engagement workgroup, comprised of researchers, clinicians, and Veterans, to identify ways to integrate Veteran engagement into HSR&D. A subgroup was designated to explore the utility of health experiences research (research focused on enhancing understanding of people’s experiences with healthcare and illnesses) as a mechanism to complement and broaden traditional engagement mechanisms. The subgroup recommended the VA adopt the Database of Individual Patient Experiences (DIPEx) methodology for conducting and disseminating health experiences research (HER). In this paper, we describe (1) the key components of the DIPEx approach, (2) how these components complement and broaden current methods of Veteran engagement, (3) an update on VA activities using the DIPEx approach, and (4) a roadmap for future VA HER activities.
Veteran Engagement in Health Services Research: a Conceptual Model
Authors: Knight Sara J. , Haibach Jeffrey P. , Hamilton Alison B. , Whittle Jeff , Ono Sarah S. , Butler Jorie , Flower Mark , Ray Carolyn D. , Pugh Mary Jo , Zickmund Susan L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith 20 million living veterans and millions more immediate family members, and approximately 9 million veterans enrolled in the nationally networked VA healthcare system, representing the interests and needs of veterans in this complex community is a substantial endeavor. Based on the importance of engaging Veterans in research, the VA Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Service convened a Working Group of VA researchers and Veterans to conduct a review of patient engagement models and develop recommendations for an approach to engage Veterans in health research that would incorporate their unique lived experiences and interests, and their perspectives on research priorities. The Working Group considered the specific context for Veteran engagement in research that includes other VA stakeholders from the operational and clinical leadership of the VA Health Administration (VHA). The resulting model identifies the range of potential stakeholders and three domains of relevant constructs—processes expected to facilitate Veteran engagement in research with other stakeholders, individual stakeholder and external factors, and outcomes. The expectation is that Veteran engagement will benefit research to policy and practice translation, including increasing the transparency of research and producing knowledge that is readily accepted and implemented in healthcare.
A Computational Neural Model for Mapping Degenerate Neural Architectures
Authors: Khan Zulqarnain , Wang Yiyu , Sennesh Eli , Dy Jennifer , Ostadabbas Sarah , van de Meent Jan-Willem , Hutchinson J. Benjamin , Satpute Ajay B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDegeneracy in biological systems refers to a many-to-one mapping between physical structures and their functional (including psychological) outcomes. Despite the ubiquity of the phenomenon, traditional analytical tools for modeling degeneracy in neuroscience are extremely limited. In this study, we generated synthetic datasets to describe three situations of degeneracy in fMRI data to demonstrate the limitations of the current univariate approach. We describe a novel computational approach for the analysis referred to as neural topographic factor analysis (NTFA). NTFA is designed to capture variations in neural activity across task conditions and participants. The advantage of this discovery-oriented approach is to reveal whether and how experimental trials and participants cluster into task conditions and participant groups. We applied NTFA on simulated data, revealing the appropriate degeneracy assumption in all three situations and demonstrating NTFA’s utility in uncovering degeneracy. Lastly, we discussed the importance of testing degeneracy in fMRI data and the implications of applying NTFA to do so.
Neurological soft signs and brain morphology in people living with HIV
Authors: Herold Christina J. , Kong Li , Ceballos María Elena , Schröder Johannes , Toro Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurological soft signs (NSS) are a common feature of severe psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia but are also prevalent in organic brain diseases like HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) or Alzheimer’s disease. While distinct associations between NSS, neurocognition, and cerebral regions were demonstrated in schizophrenia, these associations still have to be elucidated in HIV. Therefore, we investigated 36 persons with HIV of whom 16 were neurocognitively healthy and 20 were diagnosed with HAND. NSS were assessed using the Heidelberg scale. NSS scores were correlated with gray matter (GM) using whole brain voxel-based morphometry. Results showed significantly elevated NSS in the HAND group when compared to the neurocognitively healthy with respect to NSS total score and the subscores “orientation” and “complex motor tasks”. While the two groups showed only minor, non-significant GM differences, higher NSS scores (subscales “motor coordination”, “orientation”) were significantly correlated with GM reduction in the right insula and cerebellum (FWE-corrected). Our results corroborate elevated NSS in HIV+ patients with HAND in contrast to cognitively unimpaired patients. In addition, cerebral correlates of NSS with GM reductions in insula and cerebellum were revealed. Taken together, NSS in this patient group could be considered a marker of cerebral damage and neurocognitive deficits.
Die ordnungsstiftende Funktion pädagogischer Technologien und Kernaktivitäten in der Erwachsenenbildung. Relationierung zweier qualitativer Forschungsperspektiven
Authors: Kipper Jenny , Nittel Dieter 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas aus der Sozialen-Welt-Theorie von A. L. Strauss stammende Konzept „pädagogische Technologien und Kernaktivitäten“ wurde bislang vorrangig auf grundlagentheoretische pädagogische Fragestellungen angewendet. Der vorliegende Beitrag überträgt dieses Konzept erstmalig auf die Erwachsenenbildung. Die Autoren unterstreichen in dem Beitrag, dass abduktive und relationale Verfahren geeignet sind, zwischen dem Mikrobereich der symbolisch vermittelten Interaktion in der Erwachsenenbildung und der Ebene des pädagogisch organisierten Systems des lebenslangen Lernens Verbindungen herzustellen.
Hüftfrakturinzidenz und Lockdown: Gibt es Zusammenhänge?
Authors: Malle Oliver , Dimai Hans Peter 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde in Österreich bereits mehrfach ein Lockdown verhängt. Durch die häusliche Isolation und dadurch reduzierte physische Aktivität könnte die Frakturhäufigkeit initial positiv beeinflusst werden, aber mittel- bis langfristig aufgrund eines reduzierten Trainingsstatus und verringerter Koordinationsfähigkeit, welche zu einem erhöhten Sturz- und damit Frakturrisiko führen, steigen. Basierend auf Daten der österreichischen Allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) zeigte sich die Häufigkeit von Hüftfrakturen im Zeitraum des ersten Lockdowns (16. März bis 31. Mai 2020) unverändert im Vergleich zu den gleichen Zeiträumen der Jahre zuvor, jedoch ergab eine Subanalyse eine reduzierte Frakturrate bei Frauen in der Altersgruppe 50-69 Jahre während des ersten Lockdowns verglichen mit dem gleichen Zeitraum des Jahres 2018.
Non-sampling errors in questionnaire surveys: findings from a National Fertility Survey
Authors: Qi Jianan , Zhao Xueqing , Zhuang Yaer , Li Bohua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon-sampling errors can generally be divided into three types: sampling frame errors, non-response errors and measurement errors. Missing target units in the sampling frame, improper handling of non-responses, and misreporting or underreporting of key variables in the questionnaire can all cause deviations in a survey’s results. The widespread application of Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) systems and the inclusion of administrative records from government sources in surveys has strengthened the ability to control non-sampling errors. Taking a national fertility sampling survey as an example, this study summarizes the sources of various non-sampling errors and explains how to harness big data resources such as administrative records to control non-sampling errors throughout the survey. The study analyzes the impact of three types of non-sampling errors on the results of the fertility survey and examines the strategies used to address the problems caused by these non-sampling errors. The findings indicate that non-sampling errors were the main source of total error in the survey, and that the errors found came mainly from sampling frame errors; non-response errors and measurement errors were controlled and had little impact on the survey results.
The Evolution of Business Ethics in China and the United States: Convergence, Divergence, or Crossvergence?
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Paik Yongsun , Vance Charles , Li Donghong , Groves Kevin 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis study presents a cross-temporal comparison of managerial ethics in China and the US. Although it is well established that cross-cultural differences exist in business ethics and that culture and values in a society may evolve over time, little attention has been paid to the longitudinal changes in such cross-cultural differences that might have occurred over time. Building on three different perspectives on values evolution, namely, convergence, divergence, and crossvergence, we investigate whether and how cross-cultural differences in managerial ethical decision-making and the associated moral philosophy have changed in China and the US over the decade between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s. Our analysis reveals that the difference in Chinese and American managers' ethical decision-making evolved in many different directions over the decade, lending support to the crossvergence perspective. Interestingly, however, we discover that the divergence outlook prevails when it comes to the moral philosophies behind their decision-making. These findings provide critical insights into cross-cultural as well cross-temporal evolution in business ethics in a world of increasing cross-cultural and multicultural interactions.
Disrupted dreams of development: neoliberal efficiency and crisis in Angola
Authors: Schubert Jon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThanks to oil revenues, since the end of the war in 2002, Angola has largely eschewed the usual donor conditionalities in its state-led reconstruction process; the 2014 oil price drop, however, revealed the limits of this economic miracle. Coupled with a long-overdue political transition inside the ruling party, this moment of designated crisis has opened up spaces for elites to inject their continued projects of accumulation with the moralizing language of neoliberalism – talk of efficiency, responsibility, and the proverbial tightening of the belt. Based on fieldwork around the recently modernized transport hub of Lobito, the article examines how these tropes have been deployed and adapted, first to position Angola as a ‘business-friendly’ environment, and then to justify largely self-inflicted austerity measures. By examining the everyday working of real existing neoliberalism through the eyes of the port’s users, the article suggests that Angola’s turbulent history provides a fertile ground to advance, in this moment of crisis, agendas of capital capture, cloaking them in the mantle of common-sensical reasonableness and national solidarity.
More on seed longevity phenotyping
Authors: Hay Fiona R. , Davies Rachael M. , Dickie John B. , Merritt David J. , Wolkis Dustin M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the relative longevity of different seed lots, perhaps of different species or genotypes, but also following production under different environments or using different cultivation methods, or following different post-harvest treatments, is relevant to anyone concerned with the retention of seed lot viability and vigour during storage. However, different scientists over the years have used different conditions to assess seed lot longevity, as well as different variables as the measure of ‘longevity.’ Here, we give some of the backgrounds to how two standard protocols, with an open and closed system respectively, were derived, and explain why we considerp50, defined as the time during storage when seed lot viability, as measured through a germination test, has declined to 50%, is a suitable longevity trait parameter.
Service support, work engagement and psychological wellbeing: validating an index of resource and infrastructure support for the delivery of CBT
Authors: Evans Ffion , Penny Helen , Waddington Louise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:Effective dissemination of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been assisted by clearly defined competencies, skills and activities, and validated scales used to measure therapist competence and adherence. However, there is no validated measure of the resource and infrastructure support therapists require to enable them to deliver CBT in line with best practice.Aims:This study aimed to validate an index of resource infrastructure and support for the delivery of CBT.Method:This study took an existing questionnaire developed by Groom and Delgadillo (2012) and aimed to establish its psychometric properties through expert review and a pilot study.Results:This resulted in a shorter questionnaire with good content validity, internal consistency (α = 0.80) and temporal stability (r = 0.74, p < .00). The index consists of six components, and construct validity was demonstrated through positive association with measures of work engagement (r = 0.31, p < .00) and practitioner wellbeing (r = 0.47, p < .00).Conclusions:The questionnaire provides a valid and reliable index of service support for delivering CBT, and is positively related to engagement and wellbeing among CBT practitioners.
Effects of Phytoplankton on the Production and Emission of Estuarine Dimethyl Sulfide Under Different Nutrient Inputs From Changjiang River
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Jia Teng , Yan Shi‐Bo , Wu Jin‐Wei , Liu Chun‐Ying , Yang Gui‐Peng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContinuous input from the Changjiang River significantly reshuffled the ecosystems in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent East China Sea, impacting the production, distribution, and emission of marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS). However, the effect of phytoplankton biomass and composition on DMS under different nutrient inputs remains poorly understood. Two comprehensive cruises to characterize their effects were conducted in spring and summer 2015. The areas with high concentrations of DMS, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (precursor of DMS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (photo‐oxidation product of DMS) were largely consistent with high phytoplankton abundances along the front of Changjiang Diluted Water in both seasons. Both the higher conversion ratio of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate to DMS and the higher DMS biological production rate in summer contributed to the higher DMS levels. Once produced in seawater, more than half of the DMS was directly consumed by microbes, resulting in a turnover time of 1–2 days, which was shorter than that driven by ventilation. A ship‐based incubation experiment revealed that, with increasing N/Si and N/P ratios from the Changjiang River, phytoplankton biomass increased and the community shifted from diatom‐dominated to dinoflagellate‐dominated, which was conducive to DMS production. It was noteworthy that strong DMS photo‐degradation induced by high nitrate concentrations may have masked DMS production to some extent, while urea only had a promoting effect and therefore led to a maximum increase in DMS yield. Our findings indicated that the increase in phytoplankton biomass and succession of phytoplankton community induced by changes in nutrient inputs will promote DMS emissions from the Changjiang Estuary.
Toward Constraining Sources of Lithogenic Metals in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hayes Christopher T. , Shiller Alan M. , Milroy Scott P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNorth African dust is known to be deposited in the Gulf of Mexico, but its deposition rate and associated supply of lithogenic dissolved metals, such as the abiotic metal thorium or the micronutrient metal iron, have not been well‐quantified. 232Th is an isotope with similar sources as iron and its input can be quantified using radiogenic 230Th. By comparing dissolved 232Th fluxes at three sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico with upwind sites in the North Atlantic, we place an upper bound on North African dust contributions to 232Th and Fe in the Gulf of Mexico, which is about 30% of the total input. Precision on this bound is hindered by uncertainty in the relative rates of dust deposition in the North Atlantic and the northern Gulf of Mexico. Based on available radium data, shelf sources, including rivers, submarine groundwater discharge, and benthic sedimentary releases are likely as important if not more important than dust in the budget of lithogenic metals in the Gulf of Mexico. In other words, it is likely there is no one dominant source of Th and Fe in the Gulf of Mexico. Finally, our estimated Fe input in the northern Gulf of Mexico implies an Fe residence time of less than 6 months, similar to that in the North Atlantic despite significantly higher supply rates in the Gulf of Mexico.
The bidirectional relationship of obesity and labor market status - Findings from a German prospective panel study
Authors: Dietrich Hans , Hebebrand Johannes , Reissner Volker 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Given the inconsistent findings regarding associations between obesity and unemployment, our analysis is one of the few that explores bidirectional changes in obesity and unemployment. In our prospective study, we address factors associated with the

transition into and transition out of obesity, including unemployment, and

transition into and out of unemployment, including obesity.

Subjects and methods
The Labor Market and Social Security-Panel (PASS) consists of two independent, nationally representative German subsamples: residents receiving unemployment benefits (50%) and a representative sample of residents (50%). The sample contains N = 11 361 observations between two measurement points three years apart of N = 8440 individuals participating in two or three waves between 2009 and 2015. We analyzed potential predictors of the transition in and out of obesity and unemployment, including health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and physical activity, using logistic regression models.

Results

Transition into obesity: Unemployed participants had a higher probability of exhibiting a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 three years later (transition into obesity classes II and III; Exp(B) = 1.5).

Transition out of obesity: Unemployment did not predict transition out of obesity. Physical activity at least once weekly increased the probability of no longer having a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 three years later (Exp(B) = 2.0).

Transition into unemployment: Obesity was not associated with becoming unemployed three years later. Participants with a lower mental HrQoL were more likely to become unemployed (Exp(B) = 0.98).

Transition out of unemployment: Unemployed individuals reporting a BMI of 30–34.9 kg/m2 were less likely to leave unemployment (Exp(B) = 0.67). A better physical HrQoL was associated with a higher probability of leaving unemployment (Exp(B) = 1.01).

Conclusions
Obesity does not predict future unemployment, but unemployed individuals with obesity have a lower probability of labor market re-entry. Unemployment increases obesity risk. Interactions between obesity and possible confounding variables and their effect on unemployment warrants further examination.
Integrating circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis into clinical practice: opportunities and challenges
Authors: García-Pardo Miguel , Makarem Maisam , Li Janice J. N. , Kelly Deirdre , Leighl Natasha B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the current era of precision medicine, the identification of genomic alterations has revolutionised the management of patients with solid tumours. Recent advances in the detection and characterisation of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) have enabled the integration of liquid biopsy into clinical practice for molecular profiling. ctDNA has also emerged as a promising biomarker for prognostication, monitoring disease response, detection of minimal residual disease and early diagnosis. In this Review, we discuss current and future clinical applications of ctDNA primarily in non-small cell lung cancer in addition to other solid tumours.