bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on body weight in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus—a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Iqbal Junaid , Wu Hui‐Xuan , Hu Nan , Zhou Ying‐Hui , Li Long , Xiao Fen , Wang Ting , Jiang Hong‐Li , Xu Shi‐Na , Huang Bi‐Ling , Zhou Hou‐De 
Published: February 2022

SummaryClinical trials have investigated the weight loss effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus, but results for weight loss efficacy were varied. We aimed to provide an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis for overall weight loss effect of GLP‐1 RA in adults with obesity and overweight without diabetes mellitus. We retrieved eligible randomized control trials that assessed the weight loss effect of GLP‐1 RA in adults (≥18 years old) without type 1/type 2 diabetes up to September 30, 2021, using Pubmed and Embase. Of 36 clinical trials assessed for eligibility, 12 trials were included, with a combined total of 11,459 participants. Compared with control groups, a more significant weight loss was seen in GLP‐1 RA groups with an overall mean difference of −7.1 kg (95% CI −9.2 to −5.0) (I2 = 99%). The overall analysis results showed that GLP‐1 RA improved glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemic events. Better control of blood pressure and plasma levels of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides was seen with GLP‐1 RA treatment. Subgroup analysis showed greater treatment effect of semaglutide than liraglutide. Vomiting, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain were GLP‐1 RA‐associated common adverse effects.
Innovating the Collection of Open-Ended Answers: The Linguistic and Content Characteristics of Written and Oral Answers to Political Attitude Questions
Authors: Gavras Konstantin , Höhne Jan Karem , Blom Annelies G. , Schoen Harald 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The rapid increase in smartphone surveys and technological developments open novel opportunities for collecting survey answers. One of these opportunities is the use of open-ended questions with requests for oral instead of written answers, which may facilitate the answer process and result in more in-depth and unfiltered information. Whereas it is now possible to collect oral answers on smartphones, we still lack studies on the impact of this novel answer format on the characteristics of respondents' answers. In this study, we compare the linguistic and content characteristics of written versus oral answers to political attitude questions. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment in a smartphone survey (N = 2402) and randomly assigned respondents to an answer format (written or oral). Oral answers were collected via the open source ‘SurveyVoice (SVoice)’ tool, whereas written answers were typed in via the smartphone keypad. Applying length analysis, lexical structure analysis, sentiment analysis and structural topic models, our results reveal that written and oral answers differ substantially from each other in terms of lengths, structures, sentiments and topics. We find evidence that written answers are characterized by an intentional and conscious answering, whereas oral answers are characterized by an intuitive and spontaneous answering.
THE HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR VEGETATIVE CHANNEL WITH GRAVEL BED DUNES
Authors: Mohd Yusof Muhammad Azizol , Sharil Suraya , Wan Mohtar Wan Hanna Melini 
Published: February 2022

Aquatic plants are known to provide flow resistance and impact the turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy within the vegetated area. This paper further investigates the impact of both vegetation and dunes in open channels to the hydrodynamic characteristic of flow. Emergent vegetations were built from rigid wooden rod in staggered arrangement with 0.5% vegetations density were applied in the flume. Experiments were conducted with flow rate of 0.0058 m3/s throughout the experiments. Dunes were constructed from gravel of 2 mm size diameter in the shape of standing waves of three different lee slope angles of 3⁰, 6⁰ and 9⁰. Flow velocities are measured by using a velocimeter to get the raw data for the three-dimensional flow velocity in the x, y, and z directions. The velocities data were then analysed to calculate the mean velocity, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy. Experimental results showed that, for all three lee slope angles presented higher flow velocity in the vegetated channel compared to the non-vegetated channel. It was also found that greater lee slope angle dunes generate higher velocity for both channels with and without vegetation. Higher turbulence intensity can be found near the bed area and greater turbulence intensity also shown in the positive slope of a dunes compared to negative slope area. Higher turbulent kinetic energy values were recorded within the vegetated channel compared to the non-vegetated channels.
Selective activation of BK channels in small‐headed dendritic spines suppresses excitatory postsynaptic potentials
Authors: Tazerart Sabrina , Blanchard Maxime G. , Miranda‐Rottmann Soledad , Mitchell Diana E. , Navea Pina Bruno , Thomas Connon I. , Kamasawa Naomi , Araya Roberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDendritic spines are the main receptacles of excitatory information in the brain. Their particular morphology, with a small head connected to the dendrite by a slender neck, has inspired theoretical and experimental work to understand how these structural features affect the processing, storage and integration of synaptic inputs in pyramidal neurons (PNs). The activation of glutamate receptors in spines triggers a large voltage change as well as calcium signals at the spine head. Thus, voltage‐gated and calcium‐activated potassium channels located in the spine head likely play a key role in synaptic transmission. Here we study the presence and function of large conductance calcium‐activated potassium (BK) channels in spines from layer 5 PNs. We found that BK channels are localized to dendrites and spines regardless of their size, but their activity can only be detected in spines with small head volumes (≤0.09 μm3), which reduces the amplitude of two‐photon uncaging excitatory postsynaptic potentials recorded at the soma. In addition, we found that calcium signals in spines with small head volumes are significantly larger than those observed in spines with larger head volumes. In accordance with our experimental data, numerical simulations predict that synaptic inputs impinging onto spines with small head volumes generate voltage responses and calcium signals within the spine head itself that are significantly larger than those observed in spines with larger head volumes, which are sufficient to activate spine BK channels. These results show that BK channels are selectively activated in small‐headed spines, suggesting a new level of dendritic spine‐mediated regulation of synaptic processing, integration and plasticity in cortical PNs.Key points
BK channels are expressed in the visual cortex and layer 5 pyramidal neuron somata, dendrites and spines regardless of their size.
BK channels are selectively activated in small‐headed spines (≤0.09 μm3), which reduces the amplitude of two‐photon (2P) uncaging excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) recorded at the soma.
Two‐photon imaging revealed that intracellular calcium responses in the head of 2P‐activated spines are significantly larger in small‐headed spines (≤0.09 μm3) than in spines with larger head volumes.
In accordance with our experimental data, numerical simulations showed that synaptic inputs impinging onto spines with small head volumes (≤0.09 μm3) generate voltage responses and calcium signals within the spine head itself that are significantly larger than those observed in spines with larger head volumes, sufficient to activate spine BK channels and suppress EPSPs.
Multiobjective optimization of electric discharge machining of an Al–SiCp composite using the Taguchi–PCA method as well as the firefly and cuckoo search algorithms
Authors: Ramesh UdhayaKumar A. , Satish Kumar S. 
Published: February 2022

Electric discharge machining (EDM) processes are extensively used in industries to machine materials and geometries that are complex and are not machinable by conventional methods. In our study, we focused on identifying the optimal process parameters for EDM during the machining of an aluminum alloy 6061 (matrix) –10% silicon carbide (particle) composite. The novel aspect of this work is the use of a copper electrode with different geometries (circular, triangular, square) for machining, together with input variables such as discharge current density (A) as well as pulse on- and off-timing (Ton and Toff). We used the L27 (313) Taguchi orthogonal array for our experimental layout and the responses we measured were recast layer thickness (RCT), electrode tool wear rate (TWR), and material removal rate (MRR). Taguchi’s approach of signal-to-noise (S:N) ratio was integrated with principal component analysis (PCA) for multicriterion optimization. Also, the nature inspired cuckoo search (CS) and firefly (FA) algorithms were used to identify the optimal conditions and to predict the outputs for maximum MRR and minimum TWR and RCT. From S:N + PC analyses, the optimal conditions we identified were: circle (12 A, 65 μs, 2 μs); triangle (12 A, 95 μs, 6 μs); and square (12 A, 65 μs, 8 μs). Under all of the conditions, the influence of discharge current was the most significant. Metallurgical examination conducted through micrographs of the machined surface clearly supported the predicted results. The optimized conditions we identified are appropriate for use in the automobile and aerospace industries to obtain holes of specific geometries with good surface integrity and reduced wear of tools.
Study of the process $$e^+e^- \rightarrow \eta \eta \gamma $$ in the energy range $$\sqrt{s} = \text{1.17--2.00 }$$ GeV with the SND detector
Authors: Achasov M. N. , Barnyakov A. Yu. , Beloborodov K. I. , Berdyugin A. V. , Berkaev D. E. , Bogdanchikov A. G. , Botov A. A. , Dimova T. V. , Druzhinin V. P. , Kirpotin A. N. , Kardapoltsev L. V. , Kasaev A. S. , Kharlamov A. G. , Koop I. A. , Korol A. A. , Kovrizhin D. P. , Kupich A. S. , Martin K. A. , Melnikova N. A. , Muchnoy N. Yu. , Obrazovsky A. E. , Pakhtusova E. V. , Pugachev K. V. , Rabusov D. V. , Rogovsky Yu. A. , Senchenko A. I. , Serednyakov S. I. , Shatilov D. N. , Shatunov Yu. M. , Shtol D. A. , Shwartz D. B. , Silagadze Z. K. , Surin I. K. , Timoshenko M. V. , Usov Yu. V. , Zhabin V. N. , Zhulanov V. V. ,   SND Collaboration
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe process $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \eta \eta \gamma $$

e
+

e
-

→
η
η
γ

is studied in the center-of-mass energy range 1.17–2.00 GeV using data with an integrated luminosity of 201 pb$$^{-1}$$

-
1

collected by the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

collider. The $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \eta \eta \gamma $$

e
+

e
-

→
η
η
γ

cross section is measured for the first time. It is shown that the dominant mechanism of this reaction is the transition through the $$\phi \eta $$

ϕ
η

intermediate state. Our result on the $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \eta \eta \gamma $$

e
+

e
-

→
η
η
γ

cross section is consistent with the $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \phi \eta $$

e
+

e
-

→
ϕ
η

measurement in the $$\phi \rightarrow K^+ K^-$$

ϕ
→

K
+

K
-

mode. The search for radiative processes contributing to the $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \eta \eta \gamma $$

e
+

e
-

→
η
η
γ

cross section is performed, and no significant signal is observed.
Strength and permeability properties of sodium silicate–glyoxal-stabilized silt and fine sand
Authors: Mollamahmutoğlu Murat , Avcı Eyubhan , Deveci Emre 
Published: February 2022

In this research, the suitability of sodium silicate–glyoxal (SG) grout to stabilize silt and fine sand was investigated. In addition, the permeability and strength properties of grouted silt–fine sand samples were determined under two particular curing circumstances and at different time intervals. Initially, the gelation time, viscosity and syneresis of SG solutions prepared at different contents were investigated to determine the suitable mixtures. In this regard, the solutions of SG2 and SG6 were determined to be the most suitable for the grouting purpose of silt and fine sand samples. Thereafter, silt and fine sand, as well as silty fine sand samples, were successfully grouted with the selected solutions of SG2 (glyoxal/sodium silicate ratio 0.23) and SG6 (glyoxal/sodium silicate ratio 0.25). Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted on the successfully grouted air-dried and wet-cured samples on days 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 of curing. While the UCS values of air-dried samples ranged from 1.36 to 2.17 MPa, the UCS values of wet-cured samples varied from 0.43 to 1.01 MPa. Whilst the lowest UCS of grouted samples was obtained under wet-cured conditions, the highest UCS of grouted samples was recorded under air-dried conditions. Moreover, the permeabilities of injected silt and fine sand samples ranged from 1.02 × 10
−5
to 3.77 × 10
−6
cm s
−1
. The permeabilities of silt and fine sand samples were decreased through SG grouting by two–four orders of magnitude. In general, SG grouting, organic in nature and environment friendly, was successful in stabilizing the silt and fine sand where the cementitious grouting failed to penetrate.
Conjunctive Regular Path Queries with Capture Groups
Authors: Schmid Markus L. 
Published: February 2022

In practice, regular expressions are usually extended by so-called capture groups or capture variables, which allow to capture a subexpression by a variable that can be referenced in the regular expression in order to describe repetitions of subwords. We investigate how this concept could be used for pattern-based graph querying; i.e., we investigate conjunctive regular path queries (CRPQs) that are extended by capture variables.
If capture variables are added to CRPQs in a completely unrestricted way, then Boolean evaluation becomes PSPACE-hard in data complexity, even for single-edge graph patterns. On the other hand, if capture variables do not occur under a Kleene star, then the data complexity drops to NL-completeness. Combined complexity is in EXPSPACE but drops to PSPACE-completeness if the depth (i.e., the nesting depth of capture variables) is bounded, and it drops to NP-completeness if the size of the images of capture variables is bounded by a constant (regardless of the depth or of whether capture variables occur under a Kleene star).
In the application of regular expressions as string searching tools, references to capture variables only describe exact repetitions of subwords (i.e., they implement the equality relation on strings). Following recent developments in graph database research, we also study CRPQs with capture variables that describe arbitrary regular relations. We show that if the expressions have depth 0, or if the size of the images of capture variables is bounded by a constant, then we can allow arbitrary regular relations while staying in the same complexity bounds. We also investigate the problems of checking whether a given tuple is in the solution set and computing the whole solution set.
On the conceptual side, we add capture variables to CRPQs in such a way that they can be defined in an expression on one arc of the graph pattern but also referenced in expressions on other arcs. Hence, they add to CRPQs the possibility to define inter-dependencies between different paths, which is a relevant feature of pattern-based graph querying.
Effect of EPOC on Serum MicroRNA Expression in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Li Hao 
Published: February 2022

In order to analyze the effect of EPOC on serum microRNA expression in patients with hypertension, we have carried out an experimental evaluation and presented a dedicated method to improve its effectiveness. For this purpose, 60 patients with hypertension treated in our hospital from January to December 2020 were selected and randomly divided into the EPOC group (30 cases) and the control group (30 cases). Patients in both groups received conventional hypertension medication according to the treatment guidelines, and education and guidance were strengthened to ensure patients’ drug compliance. The EPOC group received EPOC training in addition to conventional medication. After the intervention, 6MWD, LVEF, and LVEDD in the control group and the EPOC group were significantly improved compared with that before treatment (

P

< 0.05). The improvement of cardiac function in the EPOC group was significantly better than that in the control group (

P

< 0.05). Physiological function, physiological characteristics, body pain, and general health of the control group and the EPOC group were significantly improved compared with that before treatment (

P

< 0.05). The improvement of quality of life in the EPOC group was significantly better than that in the control group (

P

< 0.05). The indexes of heart rate, oxygen pulse, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake in kg, and anaerobic threshold in the EPOC group were significantly better than those in the control group before and after treatment (

P

< 0.05). Full-sample real-time PCR verification of the 8 miRNAs with the highest expression differentiation showed that, compared with the control group, the expression levels of miR-20a-5p, miR-93-5p, and miR-1287-5p in the serum of the EPOC group were significantly increased, while the expression levels of miR-7706, miR-28-5p, and miR-125b-5p were significantly decreased. The expression of miR-20a-5p was the highest, while the expression of miR-125b-5p was the lowest, suggesting that miR-20a-5p and miR-125b-5p might be involved in the process of HIIT to improve hypertension. After EPOC rehabilitation treatment, patients’ heart function indexes, lung function indexes, and quality of life have been significantly improved. EPOC rehabilitation can improve exercise tolerance, enhance cardiopulmonary function, and improve the prognosis of patients.
The Influence of Radiological “Disappearing Lesions” on the Efficacy and Prognosis of Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Undergoing Conversion Therapy
Authors: Song Zhi-yang , Yang Dong , Liu Yang , Cheng Yong 
Published: February 2022

Purpose. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the influence of radiological “disappearing liver metastasis” (DLM) on the efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) undergoing conversion therapy. Methods. Patients with CRLM by the multidisciplinary team (MDT) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively enrolled from January 2014 to January 2021. The relationship between the occurrence and recurrence of DLM and different clinical factors was analyzed. Results. Thirty-five of the 113 patients (31.0%) with initially unresectable CRLM developed DLM, and of the 361 lesions, 177 disappeared (49.0%). Within 6 months, 6-12 months, and 12-24 months groups, the recurrence rate was 3.4%, 16.8%, and 34.8%, but there is no recurrence in after 24 months group. There was a statistical difference between chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy combined with the targeted therapy group on the occurrence of DLM (58.3% vs. 37.1%,

P
<
0.001

). There were significant differences between <5 mm group and >10 mm group on occurrence of DLM（76.7% vs. 30.4%,

P
<
0.001

) and between 5-10 mm group and >10 mm group also (70.0% vs. 30.4%,

P
<
0.001

). Through univariate and multivariate analyses, it was concluded that age (

P
=
0.026

,

95
%
CI
=
3.690

) and treatment regimens (

P
=
0.033

,

95
%
CI
=
2.703

) had a significant influence on the progression-free survival (PFS) time of DLM. Conclusion. Younger patients, who use chemotherapy alone to achieve a therapeutic effect, might have better survival benefits when the lesions do not progress within 2 years after the appearance of DLMs.
A New Generalized Fractional-Order Derivative and Bifurcation Analysis of Cholera and Human Immunodeficiency Co-Infection Dynamic Transmission
Authors: Regassa Cheneke Kumama , Purnachandra Rao Koya , Kenassa Edesssa Gereme 
Published: February 2022

In this study, the co-infection of HIV and cholera model has been developed and analyzed. The new fractional-order derivative is applied and the behavior of the solution is interpreted. The order of new generalized fractional-order derivative implication is presented. A new method is incorporated to determine the forward bifurcation at a threshold

R

0

=
1

. The developed method is used to determine the stability of steady-state points. The full model and the submodels’ disease-free equilibrium are locally asymptotically stable if the corresponding reproduction number is less than one and unstable if the production number is greater than one. The only HIV model exhibits forward bifurcation at the threshold point,

R

0

=
1

. The numerical simulations solutions obtained using a new generalized fractional-order derivative shows that the total human population size approaches the disease-free equilibrium if the order of the fractional derivative is higher. Also, the simulated results show that the memory effects toward the invading disease are less whenever the order of the fractional derivative is near 0 but higher whenever the order of the fractional derivative is near 1. Furthermore, V. cholerae concentration in the environment increases whenever the intrinsic growth rate increases. The numerical solutions are carried out using MATLAB software.
Contemporary Costs Associated With Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Baron Suzanne J. , Ryan Michael P. , Moore Kimberly A. , Clancy Seth J. , Gunnarsson Candace L. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
In patients with severe aortic stenosis, treatment with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been shown to be cost-effective in the high-risk surgical population and cost-saving in the intermediate-risk population when compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in early pivotal clinical trials. Whether TAVR is associated with comparable or lower costs when compared with SAVR in contemporary clinical practice is unknown.

Methods:
Using data from the Medicare Dataset Standard Analytic Files 5% Fee for Service database, patients receiving either TAVR or SAVR between 2016 and 2018 were identified. Patients were categorized as low, intermediate, or high mortality risk based on 2 validated indices—the Hospital Frailty Risk Score and the logEuroScore. Health care costs out to 1 year were compared between TAVR and SAVR among the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, after adjustment for patient demographics.

Results:

Nine thousand seven hundred forty-six patients were identified (4834 TAVR; 3760 SAVR) and included in the analysis. Patients receiving TAVR were older and more likely to be female. Index hospitalization costs were significantly lower with TAVR compared with SAVR across all risk strata (logEuroScore: low: $61 845 versus $68 986; intermediate: $64 658 versus $76 965; high: $65 594 versus $91 005;
P
<0.001 for all). Follow-up costs through 1 year were generally lower with TAVR and this difference was more pronounced in the low risk groups (logEuroScore: $9763 versus $14 073; Hospital Frailty Risk Score: $10 116 versus $12 880). Accordingly, cumulative 1-year costs were substantially lower with TAVR compared with SAVR.

Conclusions:
At 1 year, TAVR is associated with lower health care costs across all risk strata when compared with SAVR in contemporary practice. If long-term data continue to demonstrate similar clinical outcomes and valve durability with TAVR and SAVR, these findings suggest that TAVR may be the preferred treatment strategy for patients with aortic stenosis from an economic standpoint.