bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient heat exposure and COPD hospitalisations in England: a nationwide case-crossover study during 2007–2018
Authors: Konstantinoudis Garyfallos , Minelli Cosetta , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Ballester Joan , Gasparrini Antonio , Blangiardo Marta 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThere is emerging evidence suggesting a link between ambient heat exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalisations. Individual and contextual characteristics can affect population vulnerabilities to COPD hospitalisation due to heat exposure. This study quantifies the effect of ambient heat on COPD hospitalisations and examines population vulnerabilities by age, sex and contextual characteristics.MethodsIndividual data on COPD hospitalisation at high geographical resolution (postcodes) during 2007–2018 in England was retrieved from the small area health statistics unit. Maximum temperature at 1 km ×1 km resolution was available from the UK Met Office. We employed a case-crossover study design and fitted Bayesian conditional Poisson regression models. We adjusted for relative humidity and national holidays, and examined effect modification by age, sex, green space, average temperature, deprivation and urbanicity.ResultsAfter accounting for confounding, we found 1.47% (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 1.19% to 1.73%) increase in the hospitalisation risk for every 1°C increase in temperatures above 23.2°C (lags 0–2 days). We reported weak evidence of an effect modification by sex and age. We found a strong spatial determinant of the COPD hospitalisation risk due to heat exposure, which was alleviated when we accounted for contextual characteristics. 1851 (95% CrI 1 576 to 2 079) COPD hospitalisations were associated with temperatures above 23.2°C annually.ConclusionOur study suggests that resources should be allocated to support the public health systems, for instance, through developing or expanding heat-health alerts, to challenge the increasing future heat-related COPD hospitalisation burden.
A Generalization of Self-Improving Algorithms
Authors: Jin Kai , Cheng Siu-Wing , Chiu Man-Kwun , Wong Man Ting 
Published: April 2022

Ailon et al. [SICOMP’11] proposed self-improving algorithms for sorting and Delaunay triangulation (DT) when the input instances
x
1
, ... ,
x

n

follow some unknown
product distribution
. That is,

x
i

is drawn independently from a fixed unknown distribution 𝒟

i

. After spending
O
(
n
1+ε
) time in a learning phase, the subsequent expected running time is
O
((
n
+
H
)/ε), where
H
∊ {
H
S
,
H
DT
}, and
H
S
and
H
DT
are the entropies of the distributions of the sorting and DT output, respectively. In this article, we allow dependence among the

x
i

’s under the
group product distribution
. There is a hidden partition of [1,
n
] into groups; the

x
i

’s in the
k
th group are fixed unknown functions of the same hidden variable

u
k

; and the

u
k

’s are drawn from an unknown product distribution. We describe self-improving algorithms for sorting and DT under this model when the functions that map

u
k

to

x
i

’s are well-behaved. After an
O
(poly(
n
))-time training phase, we achieve
O
(
n
+
H
S
) and
O
(
n
α (
n
) +
H
DT
) expected running times for sorting and DT, respectively, where α (⋅) is the inverse Ackermann function.
Comparison of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children–Related Myocarditis, Classic Viral Myocarditis, and COVID‐19 Vaccine‐Related Myocarditis in Children
Authors: Patel Trisha , Kelleman Michael , West Zachary , Peter Andrew , Dove Matthew , Butto Arene , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: April 2022

Background
Although rare, classic viral myocarditis in the pediatric population is a disease that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Since 2020, myocarditis has been a common component of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In 2021, myocarditis related to mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines was recognized as a rare adverse event. This study aims to compare classic, MIS‐C, and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related myocarditis with regard to clinical presentation, course, and outcomes.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective cohort study, we compared patients aged <21 years hospitalized at our institution with classic viral myocarditis from 2015 to 2019, MIS‐C myocarditis from March 2020 to February 2021, and vaccine‐related myocarditis from May 2021 to June 2021. Of 201 total participants, 43 patients had classic myocarditis, 149 had MIS‐C myocarditis, and 9 had vaccine‐related myocarditis. At presentation, ejection fraction was lowest for those with classic myocarditis, with ejection fraction <55% present in 58% of patients. Nearly all patients with MIS‐C myocarditis (n=139, 93%) and all patients with vaccine‐related myocarditis (n=9, 100%) had normal left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of discharge compared with 70% (n=30) of the classic myocarditis group (
P
<0.001). At 3 months after discharge, of the 21 children discharged with depressed ejection fraction, none of the 10 children with MIS‐C myocarditis had residual dysfunction compared with 3 of the 11 (27%) patients in the classic myocarditis group.

Conclusions
Compared with classic myocarditis, those with MIS‐C myocarditis had better clinical outcomes, including rapid recovery of cardiac function. Patients with vaccine‐related myocarditis had prompt resolution of symptoms and improvement of cardiac function.
Age‐Dependent Relationship of Hypertension Subtypes With Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Yano Yuichiro , Okada Akira , Itoh Hidetaka , Matsuoka Satoshi , Fujiu Katsuhito , Yamaguchi Satoko , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Node Koichi , Kim Hyeon‐Chang , Viera Anthony J. , Oparil Suzanne , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: April 2022

Background
The prevalence of hypertension subtypes changes with age. However, little is known regarding the age‐dependent association of hypertension subtypes with incident heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results
We conducted an observational cohort study including 2 612 570 people (mean age, 44.0 years; 55.0% men). No participants were taking blood pressure–lowering medications or had a known history of cardiovascular disease. Participants were categorized as aged 20 to 49 years (n=1 825 756), 50 to 59 years (n=571 574), or 60 to 75 years (n=215 240). We defined stage 1 hypertension as systolic blood pressure (SBP) 130 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80 to 89 mm Hg and stage 2 hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg or DBP ≥90 mm Hg. Among participants with stage 2 hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension was defined as SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP ≥90 mm Hg, isolated systolic hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg, and systolic diastolic hypertension as SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP ≥90 mm Hg. During a mean follow‐up of 1205±934 days, 43 415 HF, 4807 myocardial infarction, 45 365 angina pectoris, 22 179 stroke, and 10 420 atrial fibrillation events occurred. Although the incidence of HF and other cardiovascular disease events increased with age, hazard ratios and relative risk reductions of each hypertension subtype for HF decreased with age. An age‐dependent relationship between hypertension subtypes and incident HF was similarly observed in both men and women.

Conclusions
The contribution of isolated diastolic hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, and systolic diastolic hypertension to the development of HF and other cardiovascular disease events was attenuated with age, suggesting that preventive efforts for blood pressure control could provide a greater benefit in younger individuals.
The Integration of a Canonical Workflow Framework with an Informatics
System for Disease Area Research
Authors: Navale Vivek , McAuliffe Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A recurring pattern of access to existing databases, data analyses, formulation of new hypotheses, use of an experimental design, institutional review board approvals, data collection, curation, and storage within trusted digital repositories is observable during clinical research work. The workflows that support the repeated nature of these activities can be ascribed as a Canonical Workflow Framework for Research (CWFR). Disease area clinical research is protocol specific, and during data collection, the electronic case report forms can use Common Data Elements (CDEs) that have precisely defined questions and are associated with the specified value(s) as responses. The CDE-based CWFR is integrated with a biomedical research informatics computing system, which consists of a complete stack of technical layers including the Protocol and Form Research Management System. The unique data dictionaries associated with the CWFR for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease resulted in the development of the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease Biomarker systems. Due to a canonical workflow, these two systems can use similar tools, applications, and service modules to create findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable Digital Objects. The Digital Objects for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's disease contain all relevant information needed from the time data is collected, validated, and maintained within a Storage Repository for future access. All Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease studies can be shared as Research Objects that can be produced by aggregating related resources as information packages and is findable on the Internet by using unique identifiers. Overall, the integration of CWFR with an informatics system has resulted in the reuse of software applications for several National Institutes of Health-supported biomedical research programs.
Galaxy: A Decade of Realising CWFR Concepts
Authors: Serrano-Solano Beatriz , Fouilloux Anne , Eguinoa Ignacio , Kalaš Matúš , Grüning Björn , Coppens Frederik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite recent encouragement to follow the FAIR principles, the day-to-day research practices have not changed substantially. Due to new developments and the increasing pressure to apply best practices, initiatives to improve the efficiency and reproducibility of scientific workflows are becoming more prevalent. In this article, we discuss the importance of well-annotated tools and the specific requirements to ensure reproducible research with FAIR outputs. We detail how Galaxy, an open-source workflow management system with a web-based interface, has implemented the concepts that are put forward by the Canonical Workflow Framework for Research (CWFR), whilst minimising changes to the practices of scientific communities. Although we showcase concrete applications from two different domains, this approach is generalisable to any domain and particularly useful in interdisciplinary research and science-based applications.
The Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Response to Antarctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Ayres Holly C. , Screen James A. , Blockley Edward W. , Bracegirdle Thomas J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Antarctic sea ice is projected to decrease in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Limited studies so far have examined the coupled atmosphere–ocean response to Antarctic sea ice loss. Here, we isolate the response to Antarctic sea ice loss in the atmosphere and ocean using bespoke sea ice albedo perturbation experiments with HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL, provide the first detailed examination of the global ocean response, and quantify the importance of atmosphere–ocean coupling, through comparison to uncoupled experiments with prescribed Antarctic sea ice loss. Lower-tropospheric warming and moistening over regions of sea ice loss and the nearby Southern Ocean are simulated in both coupled and uncoupled configurations but are of greater magnitude in the coupled model. A weakening and equatorward shift of the tropospheric westerly jet are simulated in both configurations, but are also larger in the coupled model. Ocean coupling allows the warming response to spread northward, and by poleward atmospheric energy transport, back to the Antarctic interior. Warmer tropical sea surface temperatures enhance atmospheric convection, driving upper-tropospheric warming and triggering atmospheric teleconnections to the extratropics, including a weakened Aleutian low. A 20% reduction in Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport and a weakening of the shallow tropical convergence cell are simulated. Surface waters warm and freshen globally, becoming more stratified and stable in the Southern Ocean, with similar changes, but of lesser magnitude, in the Arctic Ocean, where sea ice declines. Our results suggest that the climate effects of Antarctic sea ice loss stretch from pole to pole and from the heights of the tropical troposphere to the depths of the Southern Ocean.
A Global Diagnosis of Eddy Potential Energy Budget in an Eddy-Permitting Ocean Model
Authors: Guo Yiming , Bishop Stuart , Bryan Frank , Bachman Scott 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We use an interannually forced version of the Parallel Ocean Program, configured to resolve mesoscale eddies, to close the global eddy potential energy (EPE) budget associated with temperature variability. By closing the EPE budget, we are able to properly investigate the role of diabatic processes in modulating mesoscale energetics in the context of other processes driving eddy–mean flow interactions. A Helmholtz decomposition of the eddy heat flux field into divergent and rotational components is applied to estimate the baroclinic conversion from mean to eddy potential energy. In doing so, an approximate two-way balance between the “divergent” baroclinic conversion and upgradient vertical eddy heat fluxes in the ocean interior is revealed, in accordance with baroclinic instability and the relaxation of isopycnal slopes. However, in the mixed layer, the EPE budget is greatly modulated by diabatic mixing, with air–sea interactions and interior diffusion playing comparable roles. Globally, this accounts for ∼60% of EPE converted to EKE (eddy kinetic energy), with the remainder being dissipated by air–sea interactions and interior mixing. A seasonal composite of baroclinic energy conversions shows that the strongest EPE to EKE conversion occurs during the summer in both hemispheres. The seasonally varying diabatic processes in the upper ocean are further shown to be closely linked to this EPE–EKE conversion seasonality, but with a lead. The peak energy dissipation through vertical mixing occurs ahead of the minimum EKE generation by 1–2 months.
Breast Trauma: A Decade of Surgical Interventions And Outcomes From us Trauma Centers
Authors: Sargent Rachel E. , Schellenberg Morgan , Cheng Vincent , Emigh Brent , Matsushima Kazuhide , Inaba Kenji 
Published: April 2022

Background Traumatic breast injuries that require surgical intervention are rare and incompletely studied. The study objective was to define the incidence, mechanism/burden of injury, interventions, and outcomes after breast injuries requiring surgery nationally. Methods All patients with breast trauma necessitating surgery were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) (2006-2017) using ICD-9 and -10 codes, without exclusions. Demographics, injury mechanism/severity, procedures, and outcomes (mortality, hospital length of stay [LOS, days], ICU LOS, and AIS >1 in >1 body regions, defining multisystem trauma) were compared with ANOVA or Chi-squared tests, as appropriate. Results In total, 899 patients (.01% of NTDB) met study criteria. Median age was 41 years and most patients were female (n = 802, 89%). Penetrating trauma was the most common injury mechanism (n = 395, 44%), followed by blunt trauma (n = 369, 41%) and burns (n = 135, 15%). Median ISS was higher after blunt trauma than penetrating trauma or burns (10 vs 5 vs 4, P < .001). Laceration repair/mastotomy was the most common procedure among penetrating (n = 354, 90%) and blunt (n = 265, 72%) trauma patients, while mastectomy was the most common after burns (n = 126, 93%). Breast procedures varied significantly by mechanism (P < .001). Conclusion Breast injuries requiring surgery are uncommon. Most occur following penetrating trauma, although injury severity is highest after blunt trauma and mortality is highest after burns. Procedure type, injury severity, and outcomes varied significantly by mechanism of injury, implying that breast trauma should be considered within the context of injury mechanism. These findings may assist with prognostication after breast trauma necessitating surgical intervention.
Integrating Telepsychiatry Into Rural Primary Care for Upstream Prevention: Feasibility Case Study of the Faith Net Program
Authors: Agley Jon , Barnes Priscilla , Tidd David , Todd Amy , Friedman Kendra , Gordon Shelby , Richardson Jodi , Delong Janet 
Published: April 2022

Introduction For decades, there has been a deficit of mental health services in rural areas of the United States. Beyond that longstanding need, the COVID-19 pandemic has reportedly increased the prevalence of unmet mental health needs among adults. Presently, many non-critical but urgent mental health concerns are first identified in rural emergency departments. This report describes the results of a 6-month feasibility case study of a program to integrate telepsychiatric triage “upstream” from emergency departments in rural primary care. Methods At routine primary care encounters in a single midwestern rural county, patients at risk for moderate-severe or severe depression, expressing thoughts of self-harm, or otherwise presenting in a way that raised clinical concern for mental or behavioral health, were referred to on-site telepsychiatric triage. Patients whose triage indicated further concern were provided six psychiatric and/or social work encounters for stabilization and treatment. Results 68 patients were referred to telepsychiatric triage during the pilot study (.85% of the estimated adult population in the county). Of those, only two had a documented mental/behavioral health diagnosis prior to triage, but 46 were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder during the program. Conclusions This model of telepsychiatric triage was feasible in rural primary care and may support identification and mitigation of unmet mental health needs.
The effects of short bouts of ergometric exercise for severely burned children in intensive care: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chao Tony , Parry Ingrid , Palackic Alen , Sen Soman , Spratt Heidi , Mlcak Ronald P. , Lee Jong O. , Herndon David N. , Wolf Steven E. , Branski Ludwik K. , Suman Oscar E. 
Published: April 2022

Objective To determine the effects of short bouts of ergometric exercises on the number of days in the burn intensive care unit (ICU), body mass, and functional ambulation. Design Multi-center, randomized controlled trial. Setting Burn intensive care unit. Participants Children ages 7–17 with severe burns covering over 30% total body surface area (TBSA). Intervention All patients received standard of care (Control) with the experimental group receiving additional exercise with a cycle ergometer (Exercise). Main measures The number of days in the ICU, total weight, lean body mass (LBM), and functional ambulation were taken shortly after randomization and again within one week of the scheduled hospital discharge. Results of outcomes are expressed as median ± interquartile range (IQR), unless otherwise noted (e.g. demographics). Results Fifty-four severely burned children (n = 18 Control, n = 36 Exercise) were included. The average ± standard deviation for age was 12 ± 3 years and TBSA was 48 ± 16%. The median ± IQR ICU days for Control was 46 ± 51 days vs 31 ± 29 days for Exercise. The median total weight loss for Control was 2.2 ± 1.2 kg vs 1.8 ± 1.4 kg in Exercise. Control lost 0.75 ± 0.8 kg of LBM vs 0.46 ± 0.43 kg in Exercise. Both groups showed significant improvement in functional ambulation ( p < 0.01). However, exercise did not add additional benefits. Conclusion Short bouts of ergometric exercises are feasible for severely burned patients while receiving care in the ICU but did not add additional benefits.
Impact of surgical mask on performance and cardiorespiratory responses to submaximal exercise in COVID-19 patients near hospital discharge: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Poncin William , Schalkwijk Adrien , vander Straeten Charlie , Braem Frédéric , Latiers Fabien , Reychler Gregory 
Published: April 2022

Background Wearing a surgical mask in hospitalized patients has become recommended during care, including rehabilitation, to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. However, the mask may increase dyspnoea and raise concerns in promoting rehabilitation activities in post-acute COVID-19 patients. Objective To evaluate the impact of the surgical mask on dyspnoea, exercise performance and cardiorespiratory response during a 1-min sit-to-stand test in hospitalized COVID-19 patients close to discharge. Methods COVID-19 patients whose hospital discharge has been planned the following day performed in randomized order two sit-to-stand tests with or without a surgical mask. Outcome measures were recorded before, at the end, and after two minutes of recovery of each test. Dyspnoea (modified Borg scale), cardiorespiratory parameters and sit-to-stand repetitions were measured. Results Twenty-eight patients aged 52 ± 10 years were recruited. Compared to unmasked condition, dyspnoea was significantly higher with the mask before and at the end of the sit-to-stand test (mean difference[95%CI]: 1.0 [0.6, 1.4] and 1.7 [0.8, 2.6], respectively). The difference was not significant after the recovery period. The mask had no impact on cardiorespiratory parameters nor the number of sit-to-stand repetitions. Conclusion In post-acute COVID-19 patients near hospital discharge, the surgical mask increased dyspnoea at rest and during a submaximal exercise test but had no impact on cardiorespiratory response or exercise performance. Patients recovering from COVID-19 should be reassured that wearing a surgical facemask during physical or rehabilitation activities is safe. These data may also mitigate fears to refer these patients in rehabilitation centres where mask-wearing has become mandatory.