bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial properties of cationic and anionic Gemini surfactant mixtures
Authors: Zhang Wanju , Qu Yanbo , Lv Weixiang , Li Yichang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe possibility and the prospect of cationic/anionic (“catanionic”) surfactant mixtures based on sulfonate Gemini surfactant (SGS) and bisquaternary ammonium salt (BQAS) in the field of enhanced oil recovery was investigated. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SGS/BQAS surfactant mixtures was 5.0 × 10−6 mol/L, 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than neat BQAS or SGS. A solution of either neat SGS or BQAS, could not reach an ultra‐low interfacial tension (IFT); but 1:1 mol/mol mixtures of SGS/BQAS reduced the IFT to 1.0 × 10−3 mN/m at 100 mg/L. For the studied surfactant concentrations, all mixtures exhibited the lowest IFT when the molar fraction of SGS among the surfactant equaled 0.5, indicating optimal conditions for interfacial activity. The IFT between the 1:1 mol/mol SGS/BQAS mixtures and crude oil decreased and then increased with the NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations. When the total surfactant concentration was above 50 mg/L, the IFT of SGS/BQAS mixtures was below 0.01 mN/m at the studied NaCl concentrations. Adding inorganic salt reduced the charges of hydrophilic head groups, thereby making the interfacial arrangement more compact. At the NaCl concentration was above 40,000 mg/L, surfactant molecules moved from the liquid–liquid interface to the oil phase, thus resulting in low interfacial activity. In addition, inorganic salts decreased the attractive interactions of the SGS/BQAS micelles that form in water, decreasing the apparent hydrodynamic radius (DH, app) of surfactant aggregates. When the total concentration of surfactants was above 50 mg/L, the IFT between the SGS/BQAS mixtures and crude oil decreased first and then increased with time. At different surfactant concentrations, the IFT of the SGS/BQAS mixtures attained the lowest values at different times. A high surfactant concentration helped surfactant molecules diffuse from the water phase to the interfacial layer, rapidly reducing the IFT. In conclusion, the cationic‐anionic Gemini surfactant mixtures exhibit superior interfacial activity, which may promote the application of Gemini surfactant.
Medical board transparency regarding physician sexual misconduct: Two years post–policy updates
Authors: Bruce Madeline J. , Acierno Ron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent years have seen increased attention to and motivation for addressing sexual violence. Physician sexual misconduct (PSM) represents a significant violation and abuse of power, with consequences for both patients and public trust in medicine. In the United States, the Federation of State Medical Boards released updated policies in 2020 imploring increased transparency and stronger punishments for PSM cases. This brief report presents an assessment of how transparent medical board websites are in disclosing PSM now 2 years after this policy paper. We reviewed the websites for all 50 states and Washington, DC, to examine how easily a consumer could find a list of board orders, profiles of licensees, and PSM case summaries. In total, 24 states provided a list of orders, and 21 states provided case summaries. Many barriers to finding clearly discussed PSM‐related information remain, including many outdated licensee profiles. Ideas for continued efforts to document and discuss PSM to help foster evidence‐based policy recommendations are presented.
Diaphragmatic Ultrasound Predictors of High‐Flow Nasal Cannula Therapeutic Failure in Critically Ill Patients With SARS‐CoV‐2 Pneumonia
Authors: Bruna Mario , Hidalgo Gabriela , Castañeda Sebastian , Galvez Miguel , Bravo Diego , Benitez Rodrigo , Tobar Rodolfo , Quevedo José , Rodríguez José , Murua Camila , Madariaga Rafael , Benavides Claudia , Huilcaman Marcos , Martinez Felipe , Retamal Jaime , Kattan Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesHigh flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is frequently used in patients with acute respiratory failure, but there is limited evidence regarding predictors of therapeutic failure. The objective of this study was to assess diaphragmatic ultrasound criteria as predictors of failure to HFNC, defined as the need for orotracheal intubation or death.MethodsProspective cohort study including adult patients consecutively admitted to the critical care unit, from July 24 to October 20, 2020, with respiratory failure secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia who required HFNC. After 12 hours of HFNC initiation we measured ROX index (ratio of SpO2/FiO2 to respiratory rate), excursion and diaphragmatic contraction speed (diaphragmatic excursion/inspiratory time) by ultrasound, both in supine and prone position.ResultsIn total, 41 patients were analyzed, 25 succeeded and 16 failed HFNC therapy. At 12 hours, patients who succeeded HFNC therapy presented higher ROX index in supine position (9.8 [9.1–15.6] versus 5.4 [3.9–6.8], P < .01), and higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio (186 [135–236] versus 117 [103–162] mmHg, P = .03). To predict therapeutic failure, the supine diaphragmatic contraction speed presented sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 57%, while the ROX index presented a sensitivity of 92.8% and a specificity of 75%.ConclusionsDiaphragmatic contraction speed by ultrasound emerges as a diagnostic complement to clinical tools to predict HFNC success. Future studies should confirm these results.
Quality assessment of shrub observation data based on TLS: A case of revegetated shrubland, Southern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tian Jiarong , Li Haidong , Sun Xinyu , Zhou Youfeng , Ma Weibo , Chen Junsong , Zhang Jing , Xu Yannan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVegetation restoration is one of the effective measures to deal with land degradation, and shrubs, as the pioneer plants, can improve soil conditions and accelerate the recovery of desertification. In recent decades, single‐scan (SS) and multiple‐scan (MS) modes have been widely used for forest inventories by terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) but TLS‐based shrub observation, and data quality uncertainties are less studied, especially in eco‐fragile regions with high survey costs and harsh environmental conditions. In this study, two shrub sample plots with different topographic characteristics were selected as the study area in the southern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. We compared the basic phenotypic parameters (BPPs) under SS and MS mode, including number (N), height (H) and crown width (CW), to evaluate the potential of SS mode in extracting vegetation attributes. Through the distribution of shrub information loss rate (L) with distance and shrub height, the limitations of SS mode in obtaining data were discussed. By combining the topographic features of scanning spots, topographic relief (T) and L, we provided reasonable opinions on TLS collection mode, setting of scanning spots, and other operational aspects. The results indicated that: (1) SS mode has good applicability in shrub observation under different terrain characteristics. (2) The height distribution of the shrub is the main factor affecting the quality of data collection, and the information loss bias caused by distance should be considered only in the shrub plots with uniform height distribution. (3) T has an impact on shrub growth but has no effect on the quality of data acquisition (no significant correlation between T and L). These findings will provide technical support for TLS data collection on ecological restoration of degraded grassland dunes.
Regional pedicled flap salvage options for large head and neck defects: The old, the new, and the forgotten
Authors: Chang Brent A. , Asarkar Ameya A. , Horwich Peter M. , Nathan Cherie Ann O. , Hayden Richard E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this article is to review options for regional pedicled reconstruction for large head and neck defects in a salvage setting.MethodsRelevant regional pedicled flaps were identified and reviewed. Expert opinion and supporting literature were used to summarize and describe the available options.ResultsSpecific regional pedicled flap options are presented including the pectoralis major flap, deltopectoral flap, supraclavicular flap, submental flap, latissimus flap, and trapezius flap.ConclusionsRegional pedicled flaps are useful options in a salvage setting even for large defects and should be in the armamentarium of any reconstructive head and neck surgeon. Each flap option carries specific characteristics and considerations.
Not just a carrier: Clinical presentation and management of patients with heterozygous disease‐causing alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) variants identified through expanded carrier screening
Authors: Beck Natalie M. , Sagaser Katelynn G. , Lawson Cathleen S. , Hertenstein Christine , Jachens Ashley , Forster Katherine R. , Miller Kristen A. , Jelin Angie C. , Blakemore Karin J. , Hoover‐Fong Julie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHypophosphatasia (HPP) is an underrecognized, complex bone mineralization disorder with variable manifestations caused by one or two deleterious variants in the alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene. Expanded carrier screening (ECS), inclusive of ALPL, intends to inform reproductive risk but may incidentally reveal an HPP diagnosis with 50% familial risks. We sought to investigate at‐risk individuals and develop a multidisciplinary referral and evaluation protocol for ECS‐identified ALPL heterozygosity. A retrospective database query of ECS results from 8 years to 1 month for heterozygous pathogenic/likely pathogenic ALPL variants was completed. We implemented a clinical protocol for diagnostic testing and imaging, counseling, and interdisciplinary care management for identified patients, and outcomes were documented. Heterozygous ALPL variants were identified in 12/2248 unrelated patients undergoing ECS (0.53%; heterozygote frequency 1/187). Of 10 individuals successfully contacted, all demonstrated symptomatology and/or alkaline phosphatase values consistent with HPP. ECS may reveal incidental health risks, including recognition of missed HPP diagnoses in ALPL heterozygotes. In our cohort, all ECS‐identified ALPL heterozygotes with clinical and/or biochemical data available demonstrated features of HPP. Referral to a genetics professional familiar with HPP is indicated for family history assessment, genetic counseling, cascade testing, and long‐term bone health management.
The impact of preoperative nutrition status on abdominal surgery outcomes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kanemoto Maki , Ida Mitsuru , Naito Yusuke , Kawaguchi Masahiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism recommends nutrition screening using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form (MNA‐SF) in older adult patients preoperatively. However, the association of nutrition condition with postoperative complications is poorly documented. We aimed to identify preoperative nutrition status using the MNA‐SF and to determine whether preoperative nutrition status affects postoperative outcomes.MethodsInpatients aged ≥55 years who underwent elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia between April 1, 2016, and December 28, 2018, were included. We assessed nutrition status using the MNA‐SF before surgery. Multiple logistic regression including the MNA‐SF score was applied to determine associated factors with our primary outcome, postoperative complications defined as Clavien‐Dindo classification ≥3a. Secondary outcomes including length of hospital stay and unplanned readmission were compared between normal, at risk, and malnourished patients.ResultsThe data of 1248 patients with a mean age of 69 years were analyzed. The prevalence of at risk and malnutrition was 33.0% (412 of 1248) and 6.9% (87 of 1248), respectively. Overall, 12.4% (155 of 1248) had major postoperative complications, and the MNA‐SF score was a significant predictor (odds ratio: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99) after adjusting for confounders. Patients at risk of malnutrition and those with malnutrition had a longer hospital length of postoperative stay than normal patients (P = 0.001); however, there was no statistical significance in unplanned readmission rate between the three groups (P = 0.14).ConclusionPreoperative nutrition disorder was common, and it affected postoperative adverse outcomes. The MNA‐SF score was associated with major postoperative complications.
A parameterized extended shift‐splitting preconditioner for nonsymmetric saddle point problems
Authors: Vakili Seryas , Ebadi Ghodrat , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, a parameterized extended shift‐splitting (PESS) method and its induced preconditioner are given for solving nonsingular and nonsymmetric saddle point problems with nonsymmetric positive definite (1,1) part. The convergence analysis of the iteration method is discussed. The distribution of eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix is provided. A number of experiments are given to verify the efficiency of the method for solving nonsymmetric saddle‐point problems.
Exercise capacity and its determinants among postcardiac rehabilitation patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Chair Sek Ying , Leung Kai Chi , Lo Sally Wai Sze , Wang Qun , Sit Janet Wing Hung , Leung Sui Yuen , Cheng Ho Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the determinants of exercise capacity in postcardiac rehabilitation patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).DesignA cross‐sectional design was used.MethodsThis study analysed the cross‐sectional data from the baseline assessment of 130 CHD patients who participated in a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of music‐paced physical activity intervention for CHD patients (ChiCTR‐IOR‐17011015) (September 2017 to February 2019). Exercise capacity was measured by using the 10‐metre incremental shuttle‐walk test. The amount of physical activity, exercise self‐determination and exercise self‐efficacy were measured by validated instruments. Participants' anthropometric parameters (body mass index, body fat mass percentage and waist circumference) were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to identify the factors influencing exercise capacity.ResultsThe mean incremental shuttle‐walk test distance was 493.00 ± 180.04 m. The factors significantly associated with exercise capacity were age (β = −.42), female (β = −.35), body mass index (β = −.25) and exercise self‐efficacy (β = −.20). These factors accounted for 56.5% of the total variance of exercise capacity.
A stabilizer‐free weak Galerkin finite element method to variable‐order time fractional diffusion equation in multiple space dimensions
Authors: Ma Jie , Gao Fuzheng , Du Ning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study a fully‐discrete stabilizer‐free weak Galerkin (SFWG) finite element method for the initial‐boundary value problem of variable‐order Caputo time‐fractional diffusion equation. Optimal convergence order in norm for fully‐discrete SFWG scheme is obtained. Furthermore, we develop a fast evaluation algorithm to improve the computational efficiency. Numerical experiments are performed to verify theoretical results.
Time dependent subgrid multiscale stabilized finite element analysis of fully coupled transient Navier–Stokes‐transport model
Authors: Kumar B. V. Rathish , Chowdhury Manisha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a fully coupled system of transient Navier–Stokes fluid flow model and unsteady variable coefficient advection–diffusion–reaction transport model has been studied through subgrid multiscale stabilized finite element method. In particular algebraic approach of approximating the subscales has been considered to arrive at the stabilized variational formulation of the coupled system and standard expressions for the stabilization parameters have been proposed. The unknown subgrid scales are considered to be time dependent. The consideration of the fluid viscosity coefficient depending upon the concentration of the solute mass makes this coupling strong. Fully implicit backward Euler scheme has been employed for time discretization. Stability analysis of the stabilized formulation has been conducted. Furthermore detailed derivations of both and error estimates for the stabilized finite element scheme have been carried out. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated for benchmark problems as well as the credibility of the stabilized method is also established well through various numerical experiments.
Topotactical Route to Multiwalled Cerium Oxide Nanotubes from MWCNTs
Authors: Pacheco‐Espinoza Sarahi , Cuesta‐Balderas Alejandro I. , Vázquez‐Lujano Jorge , Rosiles‐Aguilera Abril , Hernández‐Pérez María A. , Cervantes‐Sodi Felipe , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang , Tu Rong , Vargas‐García Jorge R. , Zhang Lian‐Meng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of new strategies for synthesizing 1D cerium oxide (CeO2) hollow nanostructures has attracted much attention in recent years due to the importance of their superior properties and highly anisotropic geometry. This study reports an unpublished route of fabricating novel multiwalled CeO2‐δ nanotubes (CeO2‐δ NTs) in which the entire volume of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNTs) is converted into the CeO2‐δ pseudomorph through oxidation and dehydration topotactic reactions. The stable CeO2‐δ (111) planes are topotactically grown on the curved C (002) planes, preferentially exposed along the nanotube axis. In their initial condition, the novel nanotubes consist of Ce oxyhydroxide (CeO2‐x(OH)x) with residual carbon. When heating the air up to 500 °C, CeO2‐x(OH)x transforms gradually by dehydration into CeO2‐δ, while the residual carbon is oxidized. Despite compositional changes, nanotubes maintain their multiwalled structural integrity up to ≈550 °C. The CeO2‐δ NTs exhibit an unusually high presence of Ce3+ ions and surface O vacancies, contributing to a low direct band gap ranging from 2.67 to 2.32 eV compared to their NPs counterparts (3.2 eV).
Reproducibility of Biomolecular Corona Experiments: A Primer for Reliable Results
Authors: Giulimondi Francesca , Quagliarini Erica , Digiacomo Luca , Renzi Serena , Palmieri Valentina , Papi Massimiliano , Pozzi Daniela , Caracciolo Giulio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe biomolecular corona is a key component controlling the identity of nanomaterials in physiological environments. Studies aimed at identifying factors shaping the biomolecular corona have proliferated in the last decade but have been performed by research groups with different backgrounds. Efforts made within the scientific community to guarantee the reproducibility of experimental data have identified protocol standardization as an indispensable step for advancing knowledge in this arena. To contribute to fulfill this gap, here the relevance of interoperator variability in biomolecular corona studies and the benefits arising from automated systems usage are explored. Moreover, the role of molecular crowding during nanoparticle‐biofluid incubation and the effect of washing the pellet during corona isolation are thoroughly investigated. It is believed that the findings will help researchers enhance the accuracy of experimental design and reporting.
Association of adenotonsillectomy with wheezing episodes in childhood: A secondary analysis of the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial
Authors: Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Biancardi Fiorella , Padilla Oslando , Beckhaus Andrea A. , Tapia Ignacio E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies suggest that asthma/wheezing improves after adenotonsillectomy (AT). However, there is a paucity of randomized clinical trial (RCT) specifically studying the effects of AT in asthma/wheezing. Therefore, we conducted a post‐hoc analysis of the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT), the largest RCT of AT in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to test the hypothesis that AT would result in fewer wheezing episodes.MethodsIn the CHAT study, 464 children with OSA, aged 5–9 years, were randomized to early AT (n = 226) or watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC) (n = 227). For this post‐hoc analysis, children were categorized as having “any wheezing” versus “no wheezing” at baseline and at 7 months of follow‐up. A multivariate analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between “any wheezing” at follow‐up and treatment group after controlling for several potential confounders.ResultsChildren in the “any wheezing” group were predominantly black, had more allergic rhinitis, eczema, second‐hand smoke exposure, body mass index, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and had lower maternal education and family income than those in the “no wheezing group.” In the AT arm, the prevalence of wheezing significantly decreased from baseline to follow‐up (at 7 months of the intervention) (47% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001); while in the WWSC arms did not change (45.2% vs. 43.1%, p = 0.67). In the multivariate analysis, second‐hand smoke exposure, wheezing at baseline, and belong to WWSC arm (odds ratio: 3.65 [2.16–6.19]) increase the risk of wheezing at follow‐up.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that AT decreased the risk of wheezing at 7 months of follow‐up.
Two effective models based on comprehensive lipidomics and metabolomics can distinguish BC versus HCs, and TNBC versus non‐TNBC
Authors: Jin Yu , Fan Shuoqing , Jiang Wenna , Zhang Jingya , Yang Lexin , Xiao Jiawei , An Haohua , Ren Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLipidomics and metabolomics are closely related to tumor phenotypes, and serum lipoprotein subclasses and small‐molecule metabolites are considered as promising biomarkers for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis. This study aimed to explore potential biomarker models based on lipidomic and metabolomic analysis that could distinguish BC from healthy controls (HCs) and triple‐negative BC (TNBC) from non‐TNBC.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 114 patients with BC and 75 HCs. A total of 112 types of lipoprotein subclasses and 30 types of small‐molecule metabolites in the serum were detected by 1H‐NMR. All lipoprotein subclasses and small‐molecule metabolites were subjected to a three‐step screening process in the order of significance (p < 0.05), univariate regression (p < 0.1), and lasso regression (nonzero coefficient). Discriminant models of BC versus HCs and TNBC versus non‐TNBC were established using binary logistic regression.ResultsWe developed a valid discriminant model based on three‐biomarker panel (formic acid, TPA2, and L6TG) that could distinguish patients with BC from HCs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.999 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.995–1.000) and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.959–1.000) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Based on the panel (D‐dimer, CA15‐3, CEA, L5CH, glutamine, and ornithine), a discriminant model was established to differentiate between TNBC and non‐TNBC, with AUC of 0.892 (95% CI: 0.778–0.967) and 0.905 (95% CI: 0.754–0.987) in the training and validation sets, respectively.ConclusionThis study revealed lipidomic and metabolomic differences between BC versus HCs and TNBC versus non‐TNBC. Two validated discriminatory models established against lipidomic and metabolomic differences can accurately distinguish BC from HCs and TNBC from non‐TNBC.ImpactTwo validated discriminatory models can be used for early BC screening and help BC patients avoid time‐consuming, expensive, and dangerous BC screening.