bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Study of the Perioperative Period Management of Joint Arthroplasty in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jin Hongfu , He Miao , Yang Guang , Xie Wenqing , Yu Dengjie , Li Hengzhen , Xiao Wenfeng , Li Yusheng 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveWith the rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the increasing demand for joint arthroplasty, the management of CKD patients in the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty has become an issue worthy of attention for orthopedic surgeons. This study aimed to explore comprehensive perioperative period management strategies for CKD patients.MethodsFrom March 2017 to August 2022, 62 patients who underwent joint arthroplasty in our hospital were included in a retrospective study, including 31 CKD patients (mean age 69.8 ± 13.4 years old) and 31 non‐CKD patients (mean age 69.4 ± 14.2 years old). The outcome indicators were analyzed, including serum urea, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, hematocrit, and hemoglobin.ResultsAll patients included in the retrospective study had an average preoperative preparation time of 4.3 ± 2.6 days and an average hospitalization time of 11.0 ± 7.3 days. There were no significant differences in the changes in the serum urea values between the preoperative and postoperative measurements in the CKD patients or in the serum creatinine values and blood uric acid values (P > 0.05). The hemoglobin value in postoperative measurements was lower than in preoperative measurements in the CKD patients (P < 0.05). The hematocrit value in postoperative measurements was lower than in preoperative measurements in the CKD patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with CKD have distinct characteristics compared to non‐CKD patients, and they generally have a higher risk for postoperative complications and adverse events. Recognition of risk factors, suitable timing of surgery, the undertaking of protective strategies, and proper management of complications are vital for managing CKD patients in the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty.
Photodynamics of Melanin Radicals: Contribution to Photoprotection by Melanin†
Authors: Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe mechanism of very efficient relaxation of the melanin‐photoexcited states, responsible for the photoprotective action of the pigment, remains a subject for intense investigation. The most recent study by C. Grieco, F. Kohl, and B. Kohler, entitled “Ultrafast radical photogeneration pathways in eumelanin,” addresses key issues of melanin photophysics and photochemistry. By using femtosecond broad‐band pump probe‐transient absorption measurements, the researchers were able to identify the absorption spectrum of DOPA melanin radicals for the first time and proposed two distinct mechanisms of radical formation—photoionization and photoinduced charge separation. The observed photodynamic of melanin radicals suggests a new paradigm in which the ultrafast excited state deactivation is due to the efficient recombination of melanin radicals created promptly by photoexcitation.
What can climate change litigation learn from socio‐economic rights litigation?
Authors: Ragnarsson Kári 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs advocates place hope in international climate change litigation, what lessons may be drawn from over two decades of efforts to litigate socio‐economic rights? Both types of litigation envision a role for courts in solving fundamental societal questions that involve complicated policy responses and far‐reaching consequences for societal and economic structures. Among the challenges faced by courts adjudicating socio‐economic rights are over‐individualization and unintended regressive outcomes. Innovative procedures and remedies have been developed, but courts, both at the national and international level, have often failed, or declined, to address underlying structural problems. The article identifies pitfalls that climate change litigation might avoid and best practices on which to build. It also explores what the experience of socio‐economic rights litigation cautions in terms of expectations of success through litigation.
Evolving peritoneal dialysis care in Chinese mainland from 2010 to 2020: Comparison data from two surveys
Authors: Li Ping , Cao Xueying , Liu Weicen , Zhao Delong , Pan Sai , Sun Xuefeng , Cai Guangyan , Zhou Jianhui , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlong with the peritoneal dialysis (PD)‐favored policy in China and the implementation of more comprehensive PD management, PD has evolved in Chinese mainland over the last decade. Despite the existence of national registries and several provincial epidemiological descriptive studies, there was almost no national research on the changing trajectory in PD population. A comparison study, based on two national surveys that were 10 years apart, was conducted to reveal the evolvement of PD care in Chinese mainland. Methods: Two national surveys have been done respectively in 2010 and 2020 to capture the epidemiological status, application of different modalities, management of perioperative infection, and long‐term complications among PD patients. Results: In the study with 730 participating hospitals (n = 14,912 PD patients) in 2010 and 746 hospitals (n = 101,537) in 2020, prevalent PD patients have increased in the past 10 years with increased numbers of PD patients in both secondary (average 5 ± 16 vs. 43 ± 41, p < 0.01) and tertiary hospitals (32 ± 53 vs. 153 ± 215, p < 0.01). Automated PD has been accessible in 0.4% of all hospitals, only in tertiary centers in 2010 and its application increased to 51% in 2020. PD centers have become more engaged in PD catheter placement, treated properly for the PD‐related infection, and carried out the follow‐up in compliance with the national protocols. Conclusions: Our study indicates that over the past decade, the prevalent PD population has quickly expanded with increased APD availability in Chinese mainland. The management of PD patients has become better conforming to the guidelines and long‐term follow‐up of patients have remained stable. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether the rapidly changing paradigm of PD could translate into the socio‐economic benefits in the society.
Systematic reviews on platelet transfusions: Is there unnecessary duplication of effort? A scoping review
Authors: Avau Bert , O Dorien , Veys Koen , Georgsen Jørgen , Nahirniak Susan , Shehata Nadine , Stanworth Simon J. , Van Remoortel Hans , De Buck Emmy , Compernolle Veerle , Vandekerckhove Philippe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPlatelet transfusions are used across multiple patient populations to prevent and correct bleeding. This scoping review aimed to map the currently available systematic reviews (SRs) and evidence‐based guidelines in the field of platelet transfusion.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in seven databases for SRs on effectiveness (including dose and timing, transfusion trigger and ratio to other blood products), production modalities and decision support related to platelet transfusion. The following data were charted: methodological features of the SR, population, concept and context features, outcomes reported, study design and number of studies included. Results were synthesized in interactive evidence maps.ResultsWe identified 110 SRs. The majority focused on clinical effectiveness, including prophylactic or therapeutic transfusions compared to no platelet transfusion (34 SRs), prophylactic compared to therapeutic‐only transfusion (8 SRs), dose, timing (11 SRs) and threshold for platelet transfusion (15 SRs) and the ratio of platelet transfusion to other blood products in massive transfusion (14 SRs). Furthermore, we included 34 SRs on decision support, of which 26 evaluated viscoelastic testing. Finally, we identified 22 SRs on platelet production modalities, including derivation (4 SRs), pathogen inactivation (6 SRs), leucodepletion (4 SRs) and ABO/human leucocyte antigen matching (5 SRs). The SRs were mapped according to concept and clinical context.ConclusionAn interactive evidence map of SRs and evidence‐based guidelines in the field of platelet transfusion has been developed and identified multiple reviews. This work serves as a tool for researchers looking for evidence gaps, thereby both supporting research and avoiding unnecessary duplication.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1‐α overexpression improves angiogenic signalling potential of skeletal muscle‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kargl Chris K. , Sullivan Brian P. , Middleton Derek , York Andrew , Burton Lundon C. , Brault Jeffrey J. , Kuang Shihuan , Gavin Timothy P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle capillarization is proportional to muscle fibre mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. Skeletal muscle cells secrete many factors that regulate neighbouring capillary endothelial cells (ECs), including extracellular vesicles (SkM‐EVs). Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1‐α (PGC‐1α) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and the oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle PGC‐1α also regulates secretion of multiple angiogenic factors, but it is unknown whether PGC‐1α regulates SkM‐EV release, contents and angiogenic signalling potential. PGC‐1α was overexpressed via adenovirus in primary human myotubes. EVs were collected from PGC‐1α‐overexpressing myotubes (PGC‐EVs) as well as from green fluorescent protein‐overexpressing myotubes (GFP‐EVs), and from untreated myotubes. EV release and select mRNA contents were measured from EVs. Additionally, ECs were treated with EVs to measure angiogenic potential of EVs in normal conditions and following an oxidative stress challenge. PGC‐1α overexpression did not impact EV release but did elevate EV content of mRNAs for several antioxidant proteins (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase). PGC‐EV treatment of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increased their proliferation (+36.6%), tube formation (length: +28.1%; number: +25.7%) and cellular viability (+52.9%), and reduced reactive oxygen species levels (−41%) compared to GFP‐EVs. Additionally, PGC‐EV treatment protected against tube formation impairments and induction of cellular senescence following acute oxidative stress. Overexpression of PGC‐1α in human myotubes increases the angiogenic potential of SkM‐EVs. These angiogenic benefits coincided with increased anti‐oxidative capacity of recipient HUVECs. High PGC‐1α expression in skeletal muscle may prompt the release of SkM‐EVs that support vascular redox homeostasis and angiogenesis.
Design Optimization of Angular Contact Ball Bearing Using Genetic Algorithm and Grid Search Method
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Tiwari Rajiv 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present work proposes an approach to design and optimize the internal geometry of angular contact ball bearings (ACBBs) with the help of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the grid search method (GSM). Rolling bearings have very complex internal geometry and have varied types. In literature among other types of bearings, very few authors attempted optimization of ACBBs, and subjected to very few constraints. Additionally, none of them considered the free contact angle as a design parameter, which is very important. So, the main motivation of the present work is to see the effect of inclusion of free contact angle in the optimum design of ACBBs. To optimize the geometry of ACBBs, in present study, we have taken a set of 11 design variables out of which 5 are geometric design variables and the rest are constraint parameters. The solution space has been bounded using a set of 20 realistic constraints. This way performing the same analysis with more realistic constraint model of the bearing, increases the feasibility and reliability of the optimized solutions. The results obtained from the genetic algorithm and the grid search method for the dynamic capacity of the bearing were compared to make a evaluate performance of two approaches. The simulation is performed on a series of selected ACBBs. Using the GA, for 7006 ACBB 83% improvement in its dynamic capacity over its rated values has been achieved, while using the GSM improvement is 43%. However, time taken by the GA over the GSM is one-sixth. A sensitivity analysis is done to check the most affecting parameters for the selected objective function. The present methodology helps the designers to reduce the design time, and select the optimum values of design parameters for manufacturing the custom bearing by prioritizing a specific objective.
A Wear Calculation Method for Helical Gear Based on Irreversible Thermodynamics
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Ren Ziyuan , Wang Han , Qin Datong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The accurate prediction of wear depth is of great significance to the failure evaluation of gear transmission. At present, the traditional wear calculation method is still unable to accurately predict the wear depth of helical gears under variable working conditions. The present work proposes a novel wear depth prediction method of helical gear, which is based on the theory of thermodynamics and the degradation entropy generation (DEG) theorem. The method can be used in not only dry contact friction but also mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) condition. The degradation coefficient of helical gear material was determined by wear experiment. The advantages of using DEG theorem to calculate wear loss under variable operation conditions are demonstrated by wear experiment. Moreover, the influence of ignoring the update of tooth surface load on the calculation results in wear process is further studied. The results reveal that the wear depth prediction method of helical gear proposed in this work can obtain the consistent wear depth distribution with the traditional method. The results calculated by the traditional method are generally higher than the method in this paper, and ignoring the load update in the wear process will make the results larger. The prediction method of helical gear wear depth presented in this paper will be useful for accurately predicting the wear of helical gear.
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics and Field Synergy Analysis on the Corrugated Plate With Pitches
Authors: Lu Peng , Yang Qinshan , Wei Jian , Wang Shaozheng , Huang Hulin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The influences of corrugation pitches on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of corrugated plates are numerically investigated and assisted by field synergy theoretical analysis. The results indicate that the groove structure formulated between corrugated plates can effectively improve the field synergy angles and enhance heat transfer. The smaller the pitch of the corrugated plate is, the more intensely the fluid temperature changes, and the pressure drop increases. In the range of 14.14 mm–28.28 mm, a smaller pitch is more conducive to heat transfer, yet negative to the flow resistance. In addition, the present article examines the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the corrugated plate and finds out that the secondary flow in the corrugated plate is the main factor affecting the temperature nonuniformity E and Nu
Beyond political will: unpacking the drivers of (non) health reforms in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mhazo Alison T , Maponga Charles Chiedza 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundLack of political will is frequently invoked as a rhetorical tool to explain the gap between commitment and action for health reforms in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the concept remains vague, ill defined and risks being used as a scapegoat to actually examine what shapes reforms in a given context, and what to do about it. This study sought to go beyond the rhetoric of political will to gain a deeper understanding of what drives health reforms in SSA.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley (2005) to understand the drivers of health reforms in SSA.ResultsWe reviewed 84 published papers that focused on the politics of health reforms in SSA covering the period 2002–2022. Out of these, more than half of the papers covered aspects related to health financing, HIV/AIDS and maternal health with a dominant focus on policy agenda setting and formulation. We found that health reforms in SSA are influenced by six; often interconnected drivers namely (1) the distribution of costs and benefits arising from policy reforms; (2) the form and expression of power among actors; (3) the desire to win or stay in government; (4) political ideologies; (5) elite interests and (6) policy diffusion.ConclusionPolitical will is relevant but insufficient to drive health reform in SSA. A framework of differential reform politics that considers how the power and beliefs of policy elites is likely to shape policies within a given context can be useful in guiding future policy analysis.
Can digital adherence technologies reduce inequity in tuberculosis treatment success? Evidence from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Boutilier Justin J , Yoeli Erez , Rathauser Jon , Owiti Philip , Subbaraman Ramnath , Jónasson Jónas Oddur 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a global health emergency and low treatment adherence among patients is a major barrier to ending the TB epidemic. The WHO promotes digital adherence technologies (DATs) as facilitators for improving treatment adherence in resource-limited settings. However, limited research has investigated whether DATs improve outcomes for high-risk patients (ie, those with a high probability of an unsuccessful outcome), leading to concerns that DATs may cause intervention-generated inequality.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of data from a completed individual-level randomised controlled trial in Nairobi, Kenya during 2016–2017, which evaluated the average intervention effect of a novel DAT-based behavioural support programme. We trained a causal forest model to answer three research questions: (1) Was the effect of the intervention heterogeneous across individuals? (2) Was the intervention less effective for high-risk patients? nd (3) Can differentiated care improve programme effectiveness and equity in treatment outcomes?ResultsWe found that individual intervention effects—the percentage point reduction in the likelihood of an unsuccessful treatment outcome—ranged from 4.2 to 12.4, with an average of 8.2. The intervention was beneficial for 76% of patients, and most beneficial for high-risk patients. Differentiated enrolment policies, targeted at high-risk patients, have the potential to (1) increase the average intervention effect of DAT services by up to 28.5% and (2) decrease the population average and standard deviation (across patients) of the probability of an unsuccessful treatment outcome by up to 8.5% and 31.5%, respectively.ConclusionThis DAT-based intervention can improve outcomes among high-risk patients, reducing inequity in the likelihood of an unsuccessful treatment outcome. In resource-limited settings where universal provision of the intervention is infeasible, targeting high-risk patients for DAT enrolment is a worthwhile strategy for programmes that involve human support sponsors, enabling them to achieve the highest possible impact for high-risk patients at a substantially improved cost-effectiveness ratio.
Predictors of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a large dual tertiary centre study
Authors: Cirillo Chiara , Nakou Eleni , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Tountas Christos , Victor Kelly , Marvaki Apostolia , Desai Nishita , Fisher Richard , Ryan Matthew , Demir Ozan M , Corcoran Eleanor , O’Gallagher Kevin , Sinclair Hannah , Pericao Ana , Dhariwal Anender , Stylianidis Vasileios , Hua Alina , Nabeebaccus Adam Abner , Pearson Peter , Fonseca Tiago , Osborne Andrew , Toth Eva , Zuckerman Mark , Shah Ajay M , Perera Divaka , Monaghan Mark , Carr-White Gerald , Papachristidis Alexandros 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of echocardiographic parameters, laboratory findings and clinical characteristics with in-hospital mortality in adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) in two large collaborating tertiary UK centres.DesignObservational retrospective study.SettingThe study was conducted in patients admitted to the ICU in two large tertiary centres in London, UK.ParticipantsInclusion criteria were: (1) patients admitted to the ICU with a COVID-19 diagnosis over a period of 16 weeks. and (2) underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram on the first day of ICU admission as clinically indicated.No exclusion criteria applied.Three hundred patients were enrolled and completed the follow-up.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome measure in this study was in-hospital mortality in patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 infection.ResultsOlder age (HR: 1.027, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.047; p=0.008), left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction<35% (HR: 5.908, 95% CI 2.609 to 13.376; p<0.001), and peak C reactive protein (CRP) (HR: 1.002, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.004, p=0.001) were independently correlated with mortality in a multivariable Cox regression model. Following multiple imputation of variables with more than 5% missing values, random forest analysis was applied to the imputed data. Right ventricular (RV) basal diameter (RVD1), RV mid-cavity diameter (RVD2), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV systolic pressure, hypertension, RV dysfunction, troponin level on admission, peak CRP, creatinine level on ICU admission, body mass index and age were found to have a high relative importance (> 0.7).ConclusionsIn patients with COVID-19 in the ICU, both severely impaired LV function and impaired RV function may have adverse prognostic implications, but older age and inflammatory markers appear to have a greater impact. A combination of echocardiographic and laboratory investigations as well as demographic and clinical characteristics appears appropriate for risk stratification in patients with COVID-19 who are admitted to the ICU.
Impact of health literacy and its interventions on health outcomes in those with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lathlean Timothy , Kieu Don , Franke Kyle B , O'Callaghan Nathan , Boyd Mark A , Mahajan Rajiv 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of stroke, heart failure and death. Health literacy, an aspect that falls within precision health, has been recognised as an important factor. We will be focusing on the impact of these interventions specifically to AF and its health outcomes.Methods and analysisThis protocol is informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The results will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to determine the impacts of health literacy interventions on AF outcomes. Searches will be carried out on databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Emcare, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Citations will be collected via Endnote 20, then into Covidence for duplicate removal, and article screening. Extraction will occur using a standardised extraction tool and studies will be synthesised using best evidence synthesis. Downs and Black’s checklist will be used for risk of bias and assessment of overall quality of evidence will use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationApproval from human research ethics committee is not required. Dissemination will occur in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022304835.