bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for the nutritional assessment of patients with end‐stage renal disease receiving chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Song Hyun Chul , Shin Jungho , Hwang Jin Ho , Kim Su Hyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Thus, identifying accurate methods for diagnosing malnutrition is essential. The present retrospective study investigated the utility of the new Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis.MethodsPhase angle and fat‐free mass index (FFMI) were derived using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Malnutrition was determined when the subjects had at least one phenotypic criterion (weight loss, low body mass index [BMI] or FFMI).ResultsThis study included 103 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis and 46 (44.7%) patients were diagnosed as malnourished. Malnutrition determined using the GLIM criteria was associated with increased risks of all‐cause death (hazard ratio = 3.0, p = 0.044) and infection requiring hospitalisation (hazard ratio = 2.4, p = 0.015), independent of age, sex and comorbidities. However, malnutrition was not related to major adverse cardiovascular events (p = 0.908). We further evaluated the longitudinal changes in phenotypic parameters. Subjects with median levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein exceeding 5 mg L–1 exhibited decreased body weight and BMI (p = 0.015 and 0.016, respectively). In addition, body weight, BMI and FFMI were reduced in subjects with a median protein catabolic rate of < 1.0 mg kg–1 day–1, even after adjustment for age, sex and comorbidities (p = 0.026, 0.053 and 0.039, respectively).ConclusionsMalnutrition assessed using the GLIM criteria could be a useful predictor of mortality and infection in patients on chronic haemodialysis. To improve nutritional status, approaches for decreasing inflammation and increasing protein intake are needed.
Biodiversity and conservation of “solar‐powered” sea slugs from the Western Atlantic under climate change scenarios
Authors: Jiménez Lina Marcela , Simões Nuno , Yáñez‐Arenas Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElysiais a genus of sea slugs in which some species can “steal” chloroplasts (kleptoplasty) from algae and keep them photosynthetically active inside their cells. Solar‐powered animals are more susceptible to climate change as photosynthesis can increase the stress for these animals in extreme environmental conditions. Here, we used the Maxent algorithm and environmental envelopes (i.e. the multi‐dimensional environmental space in which a species can occur) to model the ecological niche of 21 Elysia species in the Caribbean to estimate their current and future potential distribution. We then used predicted distributions to map potential taxonomical richness and to describe the representation of the genus inside the marine protected areas (MPAs). For most species, we show an expansion of the northern and southern range of distribution, but a reduction in the central part. Although changes in richness appeared in different areas, predictions emphasize four large extensions that have a potential current richness of 13 and will have no species in the future: Pamlico Sound, North Carolina; the southwest of the Gulf of Mexico; the Great Bahama Bank; and the southwest of Brazil. Out of the total area with environmental conditions adequate for at least one of the species in the genus, 24.7% is located within MPAs.
Clinical Efficacy of Posterior Percutaneous Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy with Bilateral Decompression for Symptomatic Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐bing , Ma Ya‐jie , Ma Hai‐jun , Zhang Xin‐yu , Zhou Hong‐gang 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of posterior percutaneous endoscopic unilateral laminotomy (PPEUL) and anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) in the treatment of single‐segment spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).MethodsThis is a retrospective research, from January 2017 to December 2019, 30 cases were included in the PPEUL group and 32 cases were included in the ACDF group. The operative duration, blood loss, length of stay, complications, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, MacNab classification and imaging data were collected preoperatively, postoperative 1‐week, final follow‐up and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe surgery was completed successfully on all patients, and there were no serious complications, such as nerve or spinal cord injury or infection. In the PPEUL and ACDF groups, the operative duration were 56.63 ± 1.40 and 65.21 ± 2.45 min, the intraoperative blood loss were 51.69 ± 3.23 and 50.51 ± 5.48 mL, and the hospitalization duration was 5.75 ± 1.43 and 6.38 ± 2.16 days. The follow‐up period in the PPEUL and ACDF groups was 24.96 ± 1.12 months and 25.65 ± 1.45 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups, but the hospitalization and operative durations in the PPEUL group were significantly shorter than those in the ACDF group (P < 0.05). The VAS scores at postoperative 1 week and final follow‐up were significantly improved compared with those before surgery. The JOA scores at postoperative 1 week and final follow‐up were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at the last follow‐up. The intervertebral disc height of the adjacent segment at the last follow‐up was significantly lower in the ACDF group than in the PPEUL group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the intervertebral disc height of the surgical segment (P > 0.05). The rate of excellent and good results was 90.0% and 87.5%, respectively. Postoperative cervical CT and MRI showed that the spinal canal was fully decompressed and spinal cord compression was relieved.ConclusionPPEUL has the advantages of reduced trauma, rapid recovery and remarkable curative efficacy, so it is a new choice for the treatment of CSM.
Impaction Bone Grafting Combined with Titanium Mesh for Acetabular Bone Defects Reconstruction in Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision: A Retrospective and Mini‐Review Study
Authors: Li Xiang , Pan Bai‐qi , Wu Xiao‐yu , Fu Ming , Liao Wei‐ming , Wu Chu‐heng , Sheng Pu‐yi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of impaction bone grafting (IBG) combined with Ti‐alloy mesh for acetabular bone defect reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision and follow up the clinical outcomes and imaging findings.MethodsThe clinical and imaging data of patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2000 to December 2020 and underwent acetabular bone defects reconstruction using IBG combined with titanium mesh were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative and post‐revision Oxford and Harris scores, and post‐revision complications were evaluated. Radiographs were used to determine center of rotation (COR) of the hip joint, transparency line, bone graft fusion, and bone mineral density (BMD) around the hip joint.ResultsSignificant improvement was observed in both Oxford and Harris scores (P < 0.05). The radiographs taken at the last follow‐up examination showed no significant differences in the acetabulum COR, offsets, inclination angle, mean ratio of vertical value, and BMD analysis between the post‐revision side and contralateral side (P > 0.05). The follow‐up data showed restoration of the mesh implant and graft bone fusion.ConclusionsThe application of IBG combined with titanium‐alloy mesh in revision THA patients with acetabular defects was found to provide satisfactory outcomes. However, large‐scale studies are still needed to further elucidate the long‐term outcomes.
Early reconstitution of lymphocytes after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation affects chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Yanagi Masato , Kobayashi Ryoji , Matsushima Satoru , Hori Daiki , Kodama Koya , Suzuki Daisuke , Kobayashi Kunihiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymphocyte reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is important for the prevention of infections, as well as for the reduction of recurrence, by its graft versus tumor effect. However, these lymphocytes may also play a role in the development of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Few studies have investigated the association between lymphocyte reconstitution and clinical outcomes after HSCT.MethodsThis issue was investigated by retrospectively analyzing pediatric patients who received their first allogeneic‐HSCT using a newly developed parameter, the LD‐index, which evaluates both the intensity and duration of lymphopenia. A total of 101 patients underwent allo‐HSCT from April 2007 to August 2019 in our hospital. Excluding patients who died before lymphocyte recovery or underwent multiple HSCT, 78 patients were analyzed for associations between the LD‐index with various factors relating to HSCT.ResultsA significantly high association was observed between a low LD‐index and the incidence of chronic GVHD (P = 0.0019). Analysis of predictive factors for chronic GVHD was carried out using univariate analysis. Lower LD‐index, donor source and duration of lymphopenia were found to be significant factors associated with chronic GVHD. Multivariate analysis, however, only identified an association between a lower LD‐index and an increased incidence of chronic GVHD (P = 0.00081).ConclusionsEarly reconstitution of lymphocytes after allo‐HSCT is associated with a higher incidence of chronic GVHD.
Examining vulnerability and resilience in maternal, newborn and child health through a gender lens in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Sule Fatima Abdulaziz , Uthman Olalekan A , Olamijuwon Emmanuel Olawale , Ichegbo Nchelem Kokomma , Mgbachi Ifeanyi C , Okusanya Babasola , Makinde Olusesan Ayodeji 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionGender lens application is pertinent in addressing inequities that underlie morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations, including mothers and children. While gender inequities may result in greater vulnerabilities for mothers and children, synthesising evidence on the constraints and opportunities is a step in accelerating reduction in poor outcomes and building resilience in individuals and across communities and health systems.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review that examined vulnerability and resilience in maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) through a gender lens to characterise gender roles, relationships and differences in maternal and child health. We conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature in popular scholarly databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar. We identified and analysed 17 published studies that met the inclusion criteria for key gendered themes in maternal and child health vulnerability and resilience in low-income and middle-income countries.ResultsSix key gendered dimensions of vulnerability and resilience emerged from our analysis: (1) restricted maternal access to financial and economic resources; (2) limited economic contribution of women as a result of motherhood; (3) social norms, ideologies, beliefs and perceptions inhibiting women’s access to maternal healthcare services; (4) restricted maternal agency and contribution to reproductive decisions; (5) power dynamics and experience of intimate partner violence contributing to adverse health for women, children and their families; (6) partner emotional or affective support being crucial for maternal health and well-being prenatal and postnatal.ConclusionThis review highlights six domains that merit attention in addressing maternal and child health vulnerabilities. Recognising and understanding the gendered dynamics of vulnerability and resilience can help develop meaningful strategies that will guide the design and implementation of MNCH programmes in low-income and middle-income countries.
Evolution of holographic Fermi surface from non-minimal couplings
Authors: Wahlang Wadbor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study a holographic toy model by considering a probe fermion of finite charge density in an anisotropic background. By computing the fermionic spectral function numerically, we observed that the system exhibits some interesting behaviours in the nature of the Fermi surface (FS) and its evolution when tuning the controlling parameters. We introduced non-minimal interaction terms in the action for holographic fermions along with a complex scalar field but neglecting the backreaction of the fermions field on the background. Suppression in the spectral weight and deformation of FS is observed, which are reminiscent of the results seen in various condensed matter experiments in real materials.
Coherent manipulation of trapped Rb atoms by overlapping frequency-chirped laser pulses: theory and experiment
Authors: Varga-Umbrich Károly , Bakos József S. , Djotyan Gagik P. , Sörlei Zsuzsa , Demeter Gábor , Ignácz Péter N. , Ráczkevi Béla , Szigeti János , Kedves Miklós Á. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present results of experimental and theoretical studies of coherent momentum transfer to rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap by pairs of counter-propagating frequency-modulated (chirped) laser pulses. The counter-propagating pulse pairs partially overlap each other leading to multiphoton interaction processes. We show experimentally that the mechanical momentum transferred to atoms in this scheme of interaction is larger than in the case of non-overlapping pulse pairs acting separately on the atoms. Results of numerical simulations that take into account all relevant hyperfine energy states of Rb along with the influence of relaxation and re-pumping processes are in good agreement with obtained experimental results.

Graphical abstract
Tradition and Innovation in Ancient Greek Oratory of the Roman Empire: History of the Problem
Authors: Mezheritskaya Svetlana I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents a review of research literature on the so-called Second Sophistic (late first–early third centuries CE), that marked the flowering of ancient Greek oratory and had a powerful influence on the beginning of the Christian eloquence. The scholars’ interest in this topic increased in the second half of the 19th century due to insufficient study of the material against the background of the well-researched classical literature of Ancient Greece (fifth to fourth centuries BCE). A comparative study of the two periods in the history of the development of ancient Greek eloquence led researchers to disappointing conclusions. The sophists’ increased attention to the form to the detriment of content, addiction to stylistic delights, imitation of the language and style of classical orators and the monotonous themes of speeches gave many researchers a reason to characterize this literature as secondary and unoriginal, devoid of strength and depth of thought. However, in recent decades, a different point of view has prevailed in science, according to which the literature of the Second Sophistic is fundamentally not reducible to the sum of clichéd speeches with a standard set of rhetorical techniques, as it might seem. A detailed analysis of the works of Dio Chrysostom and Aelius Aristides from whom voluminous corpora have been preserved showed that the sophists generally enjoyed fairly unconstrained creative freedom despite the rigid stylistic and linguistic framework. This freedom concerns content of speeches, choice and arrangement of material, overcoming genre boundaries, varying language, and combining rhetorical techniques. All these factors allow us to conclude that a certain innovation coexisted with classical tradition in sophists’ texts. Furthermore, the abundant literature of the sophists influenced the development of both the rhetorical theory and the oratory of Late Antiquity. The outstanding Christian writers such as Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa, and John Chrysostom studied eloquence from the famous teachers of their time – Himerius and Libanius, who followed the traditions of the oratory of the Second Sophistic.
Playing Second Fiddle to the Aarhus Convention: Why the ECtHR Can and Should Go Further
Authors: Braig Katharina Franziska , Kutepova Nadezhda , Vouleli Vicky 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The European Convention of Human Rights (echr) does not contain any provisions oriented towards environmental rights. Yet, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has a tradition of steering that instrument towards more substantial environmental protections. Often inspired by the Aarhus Convention (ac), Strasbourg seems intent on infusing the echr with environmental concerns, but appears to view its role as secondary. Through an analysis of the Court’s case-law, we argue that the ECtHR can and should stop playing second fiddle to Aarhus; it is time for it to embrace its crucial role in implementing the procedural rights enshrined in the ac. This article also outlines the different ways that the jurisprudence of the ECtHR already goes, in some respects, far beyond the ac. We will discuss whether the ECtHR is living up to its potential when it comes to promoting environmental rights – particularly the potential to establish substantive rights, e.g. in the field of clean air.
The Nordic Welfare State and the Development of Northern Finland
Authors: Niemivuo Matti , Viikari Lotta 
Published: April 2022

This article provides an overview of the legal regulation involved in building – and dismantling – the Nordic welfare state in Finland. Within this context this article details how legislative reforms have been reflected in the development of Northern Finland, as well as the effects on the Sami population and a comparison between Nordic countries.
The Nordic welfare state was implemented in Finland primarily through parliamentary legislation. Human and fundamental rights played no role in the process of building the welfare state. The beginning of the 1990s marked the end of what had been massive build-up of the public sector. Over the last 20 years or so we have seen cutbacks in municipal services such as schools, healthcare centres, and social services.
The future of municipal government in Finland looks very different than it did when the welfare state was being created. We may well be facing a bleak future with weaker municipalities, fewer public services, less state funding for municipalities, less manoeuvring space in relation to the state, and more privatisations. Wise structural reforms might be the way ahead if we want to create functional regional and local governance and thus to guarantee the future of the Nordic welfare state in Finland.
Investigating the effects of endogenous lipaemia on the measurement of sodium by indirect ion specific electrode potentiometry
Authors: McCarron Eamon P , Murray Emma , McKeeman Gareth C , Coward Stephen M , Hamilton Paul , Connolly Grainne , Roberts Brona V 
Published: April 2022

Background The widely automated method using indirect ion specific electrodes (ISE) potentiometry for determination of sodium concentration is prone to interference from lipaemia. Manufacturer-specified lipaemic (L)-index cut offs may underestimate the effects of endogenous lipaemia. Methods We assessed the interference on sodium concentration caused by endogenous lipaemia in 32 residual samples (from 13 patients) using indirect ISE (Cobas® 8000 modular analyser with c702 module, Roche diagnostics) and direct ISE (GEM 4000 premier, Werfen) potentiometric methods. Regression analysis (linear and non-linear) was used to determine a reliable (L)-index cut off for reporting sodium concentration. Results There was a poor correlation observed between triglyceride concentration and (L)-index. There was significant negative interference caused by endogenous lipaemia within analysed samples. Non-linear regression demonstrated a negative interference of approximately 5% at an (L)-index of 250. Conclusion At present, the manufacturer advises not to report sodium concentration by indirect ISE on the Cobas® 8000 modular analyser if the (L)-index is >2000. However, this has been determined by the addition of exogenous lipids (Intralipid®) and it is clear that this is not comparable to endogenous lipaemia. To ensure patient safety, clinical laboratories should consider lowering the cut off for (L)-index that they use for reporting sodium concentration.
A case of primary histiocytic sarcoma arising from a neck lymph node
Authors: Kubota Akinobu , Ishida Yoshiya , Hashiguchi Junichi , Sato Ryosuke , Wada Tetsuji , Bandoh Nobuyuki , Sato Keisuke , Kobayashi Hiroya , Nishihara Hiroji , Harabuchi Yasuaki 
Published: April 2022

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive and rare hematological malignancy. Its treatment has not been established, and most patients die within 2 years of diagnosis. Resection can provide a favorable prognosis for solitary lesions. We present the case of an 80-year-old Japanese man with HS. He presented a history of a slow-growing painless mass in the lower part of his right jaw. Ultrasonography showed a swollen lymph node in the vicinity of the right submandibular gland. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous, low-contrast mass on the right of the neck. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhanced mass in gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images. The fine needle biopsy showed spindle-shaped cells and HS was suspected. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed uptake by the tumor alone. The patient underwent right upper neck dissection and resection of the submandibular salivary glands. No postoperative adjuvant treatment was administered, but 2-year survival was achieved. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of large, pleomorphic atypical cells without differentiation into lymphocytes, which proved their differentiation into histiocytes. A bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of monocytic leukemia. Thus, a diagnosis of HS was made. With local treatment alone, our patient achieved long-term survival, maintaining his quality of life.
Diameter-reflux relationship of the saphenous vein in the C0–C3 patients of chronic venous disease
Authors: Panpikoon Tanapong , Metheekul Paramee , Treesit Tharintorn , Bua-ngam Chinnarat , Sriprachyakul Apichaya , Pichitpichatkul Kaewpitcha 
Published: April 2022

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the saphenous vein’s diameter and reflux and determine the cut point of the saphenous vein’s diameter that indicates lack of reflux. Material and methods A retrospective cohort study conducted in 807 limbs underwent the venous ultrasound for 36 months. The saphenous vein’s diameter in the reflux and non-reflux groups was evaluated. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the saphenous vein’s diameter that maximizes the summation of sensitivity and specificity for saphenous vein reflux in C0–C3 patients. Results The reflux group had a significantly greater diameter than a non-reflux group at four great saphenous vein (GSV) levels and two small saphenous vein (SSV) levels ( p-value < 0.001). The venous reflux correlated significantly with GSV diameter at all four GSV levels and two SSV levels ( p-value <0.001). The ROC area of the diameter at four GSV levels ranges from 0.59 to 0.69. The optimal cut-off diameter for GSV reflux is 3.8 mm at the proximal thigh, 2.8 mm at the distal thigh, 3.2 mm at the proximal calf, and 2.5 mm at the distal calf. The ROC area of the diameter at two SSV levels ranges from 0.66 to 0.67. The optimal cut-off diameter for SSV reflux is 2.5 mm at the proximal calf and 2.3 mm at the distal calf. Conclusion The saphenous vein’s diameter has been proved to be significantly correlated with the presence of reflux in duplex ultrasound in all lower limbs’ levels. Unfortunately, the study’s cut point diameter is considered poor accuracy and is not an accurate measurement to use as the screening test for the presence of reflux.