bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of cellulose by delignification of Eteng (Ceiba pentandra) wood in formic acid-acetic acid-water solvent mixtures
Authors: Assonfack Herman Lekane , Yona Arnaud Maxime Cheumani , Ndinteh Derek , Lembe Jordan Tonga , Nga Josiane Bertille , Ndikontar Maurice Kor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCellulose is a natural polymer obtained from plants with applications in various industrial sectors such as pulp and paper, textiles, coatings, fiber composites, and nanomaterials. This work studied the extraction of cellulose from a tropical agricultural plant residue (Ceiba pentandra) using formic acid (FA)-acetic acid (AA)-water (Wa) mixtures as a function of temperature, time, and composition the cooking solvent mixture. Three different volume ratios FA: AA: Wa of 50:30:20, 40:40:20 and 20:30:50 were investigated. Reaction temperature was varied between 80° and 107°C and the duration between 40 and 200 min. The efficacy of the cooking reaction was determined by the fiber percent yield and kappa number of the cooking residue. Cooking residues with relatively higher yields (50–70%) were obtained compared to the conventional Kraft method. The residues with yields between 50–60% were bleachable as revealed by their Kappa numbers of around 10–12. Some residues were bleached and the products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TG-DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the bleached products had properties close to those of commercial cellulose exhibiting almost similar FTIR spectra and TG-DTG curves. The activation energy of the cellulose was between 93–141 kJ mol-1showing that, for the case of high activation energy (141 kJ mol-1), cellulose of high quality was obtained. Formic acid, acetic acid and water mixtures can be used as relatively a soft route (at mild temperatures, atmospheric pressure) to produce cellulose from the tropical lignocellulosic residues ofCeiba pentandra.
Exploring the opinions and potential impact of unflavoured e-liquid on smoking cessation among UK smokers and smoking relapse among UK e-cigarette users: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Khouja Jasmine , Dyer Maddy L. , Havill Michelle A. , Dockrell Martin J. , Munafo Marcus , Attwood Angela S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Although electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) appear to be effective in helping smokers to stop smoking, concerns about use of e-cigarettes among young people have led to restrictions on non-tobacco flavoured e-liquids in some countries. However, these restrictions could reduce the appeal of these products to non-smoking youth but could have unintended consequences for smokers and e-cigarette users (vapers).
Methods
In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore smokers’ and vapers’ opinions of unflavoured e-liquids and their beliefs about how they would be impacted by hypothetical e-liquid flavour restrictions. UK adult smokers and vapers trialled an unflavoured e-liquid instead of their usual nicotine product for four hours and completed a survey and an online interview.
Results
Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis and graphically presented data, we found differences in smokers’ and vapers’ opinions of unflavoured e-liquid. If only unflavoured, tobacco flavoured, and menthol flavoured e-liquids remained on the UK market, some smokers and vapers may be unaffected, but some may be at a greater risk of relapsing to smoking or continuing smoking. Despite wanting to protect children from the harms of vaping, there was disagreement about whether flavour restrictions would be an effective method.
Conclusions
The findings indicate a potential adverse impact on smoking rates if e-liquid flavour restrictions are implemented in the UK.
Where do they stand? A post-structuralist examination of offense-supportive narratives constructed by men convicted of child sexual abuse
Authors: Knack Natasha , Holmes Dave , Hammond Chad , Trunzo Melissa , Murphy Lisa , Fedoroff Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Decisions to engage in child sexual abuse (CSA) are not motivated solely by sexual interest in children. Given the complex interplay of personal, relational, and societal factors involved, we explored the narratives men constructed around their subjective motivations for offending, situated within the post-structuralist constructs of desire, power, and ethical subjectivity. Interviews were conducted with 25 men charged/convicted of CSA. Offenses were often contextualized as attempts to satisfy sexual and/or emotional desires. While some participants reported a persistent interest in children, others attempted to satisfy these desires through CSA in response to negative experiences with adults, including sexual overregulation, sexual objectification, and demoralization. Participants’ subversion of social and ethical norms was aided by offense-supportive narratives that stemmed from their interactions with/interpretations of the world. Interventions to prevent CSA may benefit from a post-structuralist perspective of the social and cultural mechanisms by which men’s decisions to engage in CSA are shaped.
Dapagliflozin Prevents ERK Activation and SGLT2-Dependent CD105 Upregulation in Mechanically-stretched Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yeh Tung-Chen , Wong Tzyy Yue , Sun Gwo-Ching , Tseng Ching-Jiunn , Cheng Pei-Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are rapidly gaining ground in the treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AMI is one of the long-term effects for heart failure and its underlying mechanism is not well-understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of SGLT2 when cardiac cells were subjected to mechanical cyclic stretch. We hypothesized that SGLT2 is required for sensing mechanical stretch in cardiomyocytes.
Method
Human cardiomyocytes were cultured as monolayer on stretchable membranes, subjected to cyclic stretch for 24h at 1 Hertz (Hz). The TGFB1 or CD105 were used as specific biomarker for AMI in cardiomyocytes.
Results
AMI (+) serum showed increased TGFB1 and CD105 compared to AMI (-) patients. In consistent, Troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633 and ERK1/2T202/Y204 were up-regulated after 5% and 25% of 24h cyclic stretch. SGLT2 inhibition through Dapagliflozin addition significantly decreased Troponin I, CD105, SGLT1/2, eNOSS633 and ERK1/2T202/Y204 under 25% cyclic stretching. In summary, SGLT2 may have sensed mechanical stretch in a way similar to cardiac overloading in vivo. By blocking SGLT2 in stretched cardiomyocytes, the AMI biomarkers (CD105, troponin I and P-ERK) were decreased, potentially to rescue eNOS production to maintain normal cellular function.
Conclusion
This discovery of CD105 and SGLT2 increase in mechanically-stretched cardiomyocytes suggests that SGLT2 may conceive a novel role in direct or indirect sensing of mechanical stretch, prompting the possibility of an in vitro cardiac overloaded cell model, an alternative to animal heart model.
Preventive effect of tertiary lymphoid structures on lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wakasu Sho , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Haratake Naoki , Kinoshita Fumihiko , Oku Yuka , Ono Yuki , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Oda Yoshinao , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Mori Masaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Ectopic lymphoid formations are called tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). TLSs in cancer have been reported to be associated with good prognosis and immunotherapy response. However, the relationship between TLSs and lymph node (LN) metastasis is unclear.
Methods: We analyzed 218 patients with radically resected lung adenocarcinoma. TLSs were defined as the overlap of T-cell zone and B-cell zone. Granzyme B +cells were defined as cytotoxic lymphocytes. We evaluated phenotypes of lymphocytes in TLSs, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and LNs by immunohistochemistry. We divided the patients into mature TLS (DC-Lamp high) and immature TLS (DC-Lamp low) groups. The relationship between TLS maturation and clinicopathological factors was analyzed.
Results: The mature TLS group was associated with significantly lower frequency of LN metastasis (P <0.0001) and early cancer stage (P=0.0049). The mature TLS group had significantly more CD8 + (P=0.0203) and Foxp3 + (P=0.0141) cells in TILs than the immature TLS group had. Mature TLSs were independently associated with a favorable overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=0.17, P=0.0220) and disease-free survival (HR=0.54, P=0.0436).Multivariate analysis showed that mature TLS was an independent low-risk factor for LN metastasis (odds ratio=0.06, P=0.0003). The number of cytotoxic lymphocytes in LNs was higher in the mature TLS group than in the immature group (20.0 vs. 15.1, P=0.017).
Conclusion: Mature TLSs were associated with an increased number of cytotoxic lymphocytes in draining LNs, a lower frequency of LN metastasis, and favorable outcomes. Mature TLSs may support antitumor immunity by lymphocyte activation.
A Description of Malaria–related Knowledge, Perceptions, Practices, and Treatment– Seeking Behaviors of Migrants Workers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdalal Shaymaa A. , Yukich Joshua , Andrinoplous Katherine , Alghanmi Maimonah , Wakid Majed H. , Zawawi Ayat , Harakeh Steve , Altwaim Sarah , Gattan Hattan , Niyazi Hatton , Alruhaili Mohammed , Keating Joseph , Baakdah Fadi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Human movement along the Saudi/Yemen border is thought to play a strong role in malaria transmission in Saudi Arabia. Although mobile populations and migrant workers are a key population to containing malaria transmission on border areas, there is a limited representation of migrants in routine surveillance data. Understanding migrant’s malaria–related knowledge, risk perceptions, prevention protocols and treatment seeking behavior could increase the elimination programs success and increase access to healthcare and preventive measures.
Methods: A survey of migrant workers in the rural agricultural area took place in Abu Arish region at the southern border of Saudi Arabia, using peer navigators a form of snowball sampling. A structured questionnaire was administered, and the data was captured electronically. STATA software version 16 was used to analyses the data.
Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to determine which factors are associated with correct malaria knowledge, health perception, the use of preventive measurement and malaria infection. A total of 227 participants were included in the study. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with correct malaria knowledge and health perceptions.
Results: 79% of migrant workers have been residents for more than six months. They have 94% accuracy level of knowledge about malaria which is considered high (214/227 = 94.27%). Overall, 65.2% of the participants had a positive attitude toward malaria. Although only 19% of the participants had received health message or malaria information in the preceding six months. Bed net ownership was extremely low among participants 5%, Interestingly more than two–thirds of the participants reported never visiting a health facility if they had fever around 68%.
Conclusion: Most of migrant’s agricultural border in Abu Arish do not receive health messages nor do they benefit from the available malaria prevention tools and service available in the area. Which puts them at greater risk of malaria infection.
Geographic and urban–rural disparities in dietary energy and macronutrient composition among women of childbearing age: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1991–2015
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zuo Lijun , Sun Jian , Su Chang , Wang Huijun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Understanding nutritional status among women of childbearing age (WCA) is of increasing concern, as nutrient intakes may affect the health of WCA and well-being of their offspring. This study aimed to investigate secular trends of dietary energy and macronutrients intakes and access longitudinally the urban-rural and geographic disparities among Chinese WCA.
Methods
A total of 10,219 participants were involved in three rounds of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS:1911, 2004, and 2015). Average macronutrients intakes were compared against the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes Standard (DRIs) to better assess adequacy. Mixed effect models were used to estimate the secular trends of dietary intake.
Results
A total of 10,219 participants were involved. Dietary fat, the percentage of energy (%E) from fat, and the proportion with more than 30% of energy from fat and less than 50% from carbohydrates increased notably over time (p < 0.001). In 2015, urban western WCA had the most dietary fat (89.5g/d), %E from fat (41.4%), with the highest proportion of energy from fat (81.7%) and carbohydrate (72.1%) out the range of DRIs. From 1991 to 2015, the average urban-rural differences in dietary fat decreased from 15.7 g/d to 3.2 g/d among eastern WCA. However, it increased to 16.4 g/d and 6.3 g/d among central and western WCA, respectively.
Conclusion
WCA was experiencing a rapid transformation to a high-fat diet. Temporal variation with obvious urban-rural and geographic disparities in dietary. energy and macronutrient composition persistently existed among Chinese WCA.These findings have implications of future public strategies to strengthen the nutrition propaganda and education of balanced diet for WCA to help them to improve their nutritional status, especially for those living in western China.
Viral Load suppression after intensive adherence counselling among HIV infected adults at Kiswa Health Centre, Kampala: A retrospective cohort study. Secondary data analysis
Authors: Nakaye Catherine , Mukiza Nelson , Mawanda Denis , Kataike Hajira , Kaganzi Hellen , Ahimbisibwe Grace Miriam , Businge Gerald Bright , Kyambadde Raymonds Crespo , Nakalega Rita 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS through the 95-95-95 target requires 95% of people with HIV infection (PWHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) to be virally suppressed. Viral Load (VL) non-suppression has been found to be associated with suboptimal ART adherence, and Intensive Adherence Counselling (IAC) has been shown to lead to VL re-suppression by over 70% in PWHIV on ART. Currently, there is data paucity on VL suppression after IAC in adult PWHIV in Uganda. This study aimed to evaluate the proportion of VL suppression after IAC and associated factors among adult PWHIV on ART at Kiswa Health Centre in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods
Study was a retrospective cohort design and employed secondary data analysis to review routine program data. Medical records of adult PWHIV on ART for at least six months with VL non-suppression from January 2018 to June 2020 at Kiswa HIV clinic were examined in May 2021. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine sample characteristics and study outcome proportions. Multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess predictors of VL suppression after IAC.
Results
Analysis included 323 study participants of whom 204 (63.2%) were female, 137 (42.4%) were between the age of 30 and 39 years; and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29–42). Participant linkage to IAC was 100%. 48.6% (157/323) of participants received first IAC session within 30 days or less after unsuppressed VL result. 66.78% (205/307) of participants who received recommended three or more IAC sessions achieved VL suppression. 34% of participants completed three IAC sessions in recommended 12 weeks. Receipt of three IAC sessions (ARR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.16–1.53, p < 0.001) and having baseline VL of 1,000–4,999 copies/ml (ARR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.26–1.73, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with VL suppression after IAC.
Conclusion
VL suppression proportion of 66.78% after IAC in this population was comparable to 70%, the percentage over which adherence interventions have been shown to cause VL re-suppression. However, timely IAC intervention is needed from receipt of unsuppressed VL results to IAC process completion. Resistance testing should be performed for PWHIV with persistent VL non-suppression after IAC for apt ART regimen switch.
Nudging Hand Hygiene in Long Term Facilities: a Pilot Study Among Health Workers in Northern Italy
Authors: braut beatrice , Gon Giorgia , Medda Tiziana , Musetti Marzia , Pennesi Daniele 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background.
The aim was to design and pilot an intervention to improve hand hygiene compliance in long-term facilities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nothern Italy. Infection prevention has received so far poor attention in Long Term Facilities (LTFs) which were disproportionally affected by COVID-19 deaths.
Methods.
We used structured and unstructured observation and facilitated group discussions to investigate the barriers and facilitators of hand hygiene. The formative phase run across two long-term facilities in the Piedmont and Lombardy regions, Italy. The intervention took place between June and July 2021 in one long term facility in the Turin province, Piedmont, Italy. It involved two wards, placed on separate floors and with separate staff. The intervention included three behaviour change techniques: to improve knowledge, we used a briefing and posters; to increase salience, we used sign-posting the patient zone using tape; to increase ease of access to handrub, we providing portable baskets. We run a cross-over design to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
Results.
We found that hand hygiene compliance was extremely low (~ 1%) during the baseline measurements. In the ward which received the intervention first, compliance was 28% during the intervention and then fell to 8% when the intervention was removed. Health workers had five times the odds of washing hands during the intervention compared to when the intervention was removed (OR = 4.9; CI:2.43–9.04). In the ward where control precedes the intervention, compliance went from 10–15% but the change was not significant.
Conclusions.
Hand hygiene compliance was alarmingly low. The intervention, and more specifically improving access and salience, was able to leverage substantial hand hygiene improvement. Altogether, the results suggest that the intervention is feasible at a very low cost and potentially effective and that there is need to test it with a large-scale study.
Effect of a 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to IVF/ICSI on perinatal outcomes in overweight or obese infertile women
Authors: Yang Chen , Yang Shuheng , Zheng Wei , Zu Ruowen , Ran Shiyu , Wu Huan , Kuang Yihui , Li Mengna , Guan Yichun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether a 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI) and a higher weight reduction ratio effectively improved perinatal outcomes for infertile overweight or obese women.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a university-affiliated fertility center.Two thousand three hundred and eighty-one overweight or obese infertile women who underwent or did not undergo a 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to IVF/ICSI between February 27, 2017 and November 11, 2020 were included in our study. All of these women achieved clinical pregnancies and delivered a single child after assisted pregnancy therapy.Primary outcomes included
neonatal birth weight and the incidence of premature delivery, low birth weight, and pregnancy complications.
Results: Birth weight was significantly higher in the intervention group (3519.6 ± 484.8 g) than the control group (3406.8 ± 554.2 g; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pregnancy complications between the two groups. As the weight loss ratio increased, the incidence of low birth weight, premature delivery, stillbirth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and premature membrane rupture showed a downward trend. Linear regression analysis found that the weight-loss intervention prior to IVF/ICSI and lower HOMA-IR at ovulation induction wereassociated with increased birth weight.
Conclusions: A 60-day weight reduction intervention prior to IVF/ICSI may increase neonatalbirth weight, reduce blood glucose concentration, and improve insulin resistance in infertile overweight or obese women. Several perinatal outcomes may be improved by an increased weight reduction ratio.
Numerical identification of the fractal orders in the generalized nonlocal elastic model
Authors: Chi Guangsheng , LI Gongsheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article deals with numerical solution and identification of the fractional orders for the generalized nonlocal elastic model. Based on the collocation-finite difference scheme for the forward operator, a regularized method is proposed for solving of the forward problem with Tikhonov regularization, which gives a feasible approach to numerical solution of the nonlocal elastic model. The inverse problem of determining the fractional orders is solved by using the optimal perturbation algorithm with additional observations at some measurable points. The inversion solutions with noisy data give good approximations to the exact orders demonstrating the effectiveness of the numerical algorithms.
PhD Studies Hurt Mental Health, but Less than You Think
Authors: Keloharju Matti , Knüpfer Samuli , Müller Dagmar , Tåg Joacim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the mental health of PhD students in Sweden using comprehensive administrative data on prescriptions, specialist care visits, hospitalizations, and causes of death. We find about 7% (5%) of PhD students receive medication or diagnosis for depression (anxiety) in a given year. These prevalence rates are less than one-third of the corresponding survey-based prevalence rates reported in the literature, and even after adjusting for difference in methodology, 44% (72%) of the prevalence rates reported in the literature. We also document PhD students’ mental health significantly worsens relative to their peers after they have entered the program. This deterioration is consistent with doctoral studies having a negative causal effect on mental health.