bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of polymyxin B in paediatric patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections
Authors: Wang Pei-Le , Liu Peng , Zhang Qi-Wen , Yuan Wen-Hua , Wang Dao , Zhang Xiao-Jian , Yang Jing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Current polymyxin B dosing in children relies on scant data.

Objectives
To build a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for polymyxin B in paediatric patients and assess the likely appropriateness of different dosages.

Methods
A total of 19 paediatric patients were enrolled to receive intravenous polymyxin B (1.33–2.53 mg/kg/day), and the median age was 12.5 (range 3.2–17.8) years. Serial plasma samples were collected at steady-state and modelled by population PK analysis. Clinical efficacy and nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B treatment were also assessed.

Results
PK data were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, and weight was a significant covariate of polymyxin B clearance. Clinical success occurred in 14 of 19 patients (73.7%) and only one patient developed acute kidney injury. The 28 day mortality was 10.5% (2/19). The steady-state polymyxin B exposure was 36.97 ± 9.84 mg·h/L, lower than the therapeutic exposure of 50–100 mg·h/L. With the AUC24h/MIC target of 50, the dosage of 1.5–3.0 mg/kg/day had a probability of target attainments over 90% when MICs were &lt;0.5 mg/L.

Conclusions
Dose adjustment of polymyxin B needs to consider the MIC of infecting pathogens. Current polymyxin B dosing for paediatric patients may be acceptable when MICs are &lt;0.5 mg/L.
Clinical and microbiological effects in high-risk beef calves administered intranasal or parenteral modified-live virus vaccines
Authors: Powledge Sherri A , McAtee Taylor B , Woolums Amelia R , Robin Falkner T , Groves John T , Thoresen Merilee , Valeris-Chacin Robert , Richeson John T 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExperimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection can enhance Histophilus somni (Hs) disease in calves; we thus hypothesized that modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines containing BRSV may alter Hs carriage. Our objective was to determine the effects of an intranasal (IN) trivalent (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus [IBRV], parainfluenza-3 virus [PI3V], and BRSV) respiratory vaccine with parenteral (PT) bivalent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type I + II vaccine, or a PT pentavalent (BVDV type I and II, IBRV, BRSV, and PI3V) respiratory vaccine, on health, growth, immunity, and nasal pathogen colonization in high-risk beef calves. Calves (n = 525) were received in five truckload blocks and stratified by body weight (213 ± 18.4 kg), sex, and presence of a pre-existing ear-tag. Pens were spatially arranged in sets of three within a block and randomly assigned to treatment with an empty pen between treatment groups consisting of: 1) no MLV respiratory vaccination (CON), 2) IN trivalent MLV respiratory vaccine with PT BVDV type I + II vaccine (INT), or 3) PT pentavalent, MLV respiratory vaccine (INJ). The pen was the experimental unit, with 15 pens/treatment and 11 to 12 calves/pen in this 70-d receiving study. Health, performance, and BRSV, Hs, Mycoplasma bovis (Mb), Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh), and Pasteurella multocida (Pm) level in nasal swabs via rtPCR was determined on days 0, 7, 14, and 28, and BRSV-specific serum neutralizing antibody titer, and serum IFN-γ concentration via ELISA, were evaluated on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70. Morbidity (P = 0.83), mortality (P = 0.68) and average daily gain (P ≥ 0.82) did not differ. Serum antibodies against BRSV increased with time (P &lt; 0.01). There was a treatment × time interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for Hs detection; on days 14 and 28, INT (21.1% and 57.1%) were more frequently (P &lt; 0.01) Hs positive than CON (3.6% and 25.3%) or INJ (3.4 % and 8.4%). Also, INT had reduced (P = 0.03) cycle time of Hs positive samples on day 28. No difference (P ≥ 0.17) was found for IFN-γ concentration and Mb, Mh, or Pm detection. The proportion of Mh positive culture from lung specimens differed (P &lt; 0.01); INT had fewer (0.0%; 0 of 9) Mh positive lungs than INJ (45.5%; 6 of 13) or CON (74.0%; 14 of 19). Vaccination of high-risk calves with MLV did not clearly impact health or growth during the receiving period. However, INT was associated with an altered upper respiratory microbial community in cattle resulting in increased detection and level of Hs.
Effects of dietary cholesterol and phospholipid levels on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and tissue fatty acid in the juvenile mud crab Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1950 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae)
Authors: Chen Cuiying , Nie Xiaofeng , Cheng Yu , Shen Jiajian , Zhang Pengyuan , Zhong Wenjie , Wang Shuqi , You Cuihong , Li Yuanyou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To investigate whether an interaction between the levels of dietary cholesterol (CHOL) and phospholipid (PL) exists in the growth performance, antioxidant, and immune parameters of juvenile Scylla paramamosainEstampador, 1950, a 3 × 3 factorial feeding trial was conducted in polypropylene tanks with nine diets containing three CHOL levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% of dry weight) and three PL levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% of dry weight). After the eight-week feeding trial, crabs fed the diets with 0.5% CHOL and 1.0 or 1.5% PL achieved the best growth performance with a relatively higher survival rate. Hemolymph CHOL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) increased with the increasing dietary CHOL levels, whereas decreased LDLC levels were observed as dietary PL levels increased. With the increasing dietary levels of PL, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were markedly enhanced in crabs fed the basal diets with 0.5 or 1.0% CHOL and PL. Tissue fatty acid composition reflected dietary fatty acids. Increasing dietary PL levels resulted in rising contents of total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the hepatopancreas and muscle. A synergistic effect between CHOL and PL was not observed on growth performance but such effect was found instead in the biochemical indices of hemolymphs and the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas. These results suggest that proper dietary levels of 0.5% CHOL and 1.0–1.5% PL could maintain solid growth performance and antioxidant capacity of juvenile S. paramamosain.
Non-solar abundance ratios trends of dEs in the Fornax Cluster using newly defined high-resolution indices
Authors: Şen Şeyda , Peletier Reynier F , Vazdekis Alexandre 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We perform a detailed study of the stellar populations in a sample of massive Fornax dwarf galaxies using a set of newly defined line indices. Using data from the Integral Field Spectroscopic data, we study abundance ratios of eight dEs with stellar mass ranging from 108 to 109.5 M⊙ in the Fornax Cluster. We present the definitions of a new set of high-resolution Lick-style indices to be used for stellar population studies of unresolved small stellar systems. We identify 23 absorption features and continuum regions, mainly dominated by 12 elements (Na, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Y, Ba, and Nd) in the wavelength range 4700–5400 Å and characterize them as a function of age, metallicity, and alpha element abundance ratios. We analyse eight dEs and interpret the line strengths, measured in our new high-resolution system of indices, with the aid of stellar population models with high enough spectral resolution. We obtain abundance ratio proxies for a number of elements that have never been studied before for dwarf ellipticals outside the Local Group. These proxies represent relative deviations from predicted index strengths of base stellar population models built-up following the abundance pattern of The Galaxy. The abundance proxy trend results are compared to abundance ratios from resolved stars in the Local Group, and indices from integrated light of larger early-type galaxies. We find that all our dwarfs show a pattern of abundance ratios consistent with the disc of the Milky Way, indicative of slow formation in comparison to their high-mass counterparts.
Spectroscopic characterization of the Gefion Asteroid Family: implications for L-chondrite Link
Authors: McGraw Allison M , Reddy Vishnu , Sanchez Juan A 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Asteroid families are cosmic puzzles that help us understand the true nature of their original parent body. Ordinary chondrites are the most common types of meteorites that arrive to Earth and are composed of three subtypes: H, L, and LL chondrites. The Gefion Asteroid Family (GAF) has been proposed to be the source asteroids for the L chondrites. In this work, we present the results of a spectroscopic campaign of six dynamically defined members of the GAF to test the hypothesis if L chondrites come from this family. Our compositional analysis of these six asteroids shows a range of meteorite analogues from L- to LL chondrites. Combining these results with our previous work, we note that GAF asteroids span the entire ordinary chondrite range of H-, L-, and LL. The observed compositional heterogeneity in the GAF is likely due to largest members of the GAF consisting of interlopers. A more detailed spectroscopic survey of a large subset of asteroids in the GAF region is needed to further isolate true family members.
Signatures of Light Massive Relics on non-linear structure formation
Authors: Banerjee Arka , Das Subinoy , Maharana Anshuman , Sharma Ravi Kumar 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Cosmologies with Light Massive Relics (LiMRs) as a subdominant component of the dark sector are well-motivated from a particle physics perspective, and can also have implications for the σ8 tension between early and late time probes of clustering. The effects of LiMRs on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and structure formation on large (linear) scales have been investigated extensively. In this paper, we initiate a systematic study of the effects of LiMRs on smaller, non-linear scales using cosmological N-body simulations; focusing on quantities relevant for photometric galaxy surveys. For most of our study, we use a particular model of non-thermal LiMRs but the methods developed generalizing to a large class of LiMR models – we explicitly demonstrate this by considering the Dodelson–Widrow velocity distribution. We find that, in general, the effects of LiMR on small scales are distinct from those of a ΛCDM universe, even when the value of σ8 is matched between the models. We show that weak lensing measurements around massive clusters, between ∼0.1 h−1Mpc and ∼10 h−1Mpc, should have sufficient signal-to-noise in future surveys to distinguish between ΛCDM and LiMR models that are tuned to fit both CMB data and linear scale clustering data at late times. Furthermore, we find that different LiMR cosmologies indistinguishable by conventional linear probes can be distinguished by non-linear probes if their velocity distributions are sufficiently different. LiMR models can, therefore, be best tested by jointly analyzing the CMB and late-time structure formation on both large and small scales.
Quantifying the role of ram-pressure stripping of galaxies within galaxy groups
Authors: Kolcu Tutku , Crossett Jacob P , Bellhouse Callum , McGee Sean 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
It is often stated that the removal of gas by ram-pressure stripping of a galaxy disc is not a common process in galaxy groups. In this study, with the aid of an observational classification of galaxies and a simple physical model, we show that this may not be true. We examined and identified 45 ram-pressure-stripped galaxy candidates from a sample of 1311 galaxy group members within 125 spectroscopically selected galaxy groups. Of these, 13 galaxies are the most secure candidates with multiple distinct features. These candidate ram-pressure-stripped galaxies have similar properties to those found in clusters – they occur at a range of stellar masses, are largely blue and star-forming, and have phase-space distributions consistent with being first infallers into their groups. The only stand-out feature of these candidates is they exist not in clusters, but in groups, with a median halo mass of 1013.5 M⊙. Although this may seem surprising, we employ an analytic model of the expected ram-pressure stripping force in groups and find that reasonable estimates of the relevant infall speeds and intragroup medium content would result in ram-pressure-stripped galaxies at these halo masses. Finally, given the considerable uncertainty on the lifetime of the ram-pressure phase, this physical mechanism could be the dominant quenching mechanism in galaxy groups, if our ram-pressure-stripped candidates can be confirmed.
Maximal X-ray feedback in the pre-reionization Universe
Authors: Jeon Junehyoung , Bromm Volker , Finkelstein Steven L 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
X-ray feedback in the pre-reionization Universe provided one of the major energy sources for reionization and the thermal evolution of the early intergalactic medium. However, X-ray sources at high redshift have remained largely inaccessible to observations. One alternative approach to study the overall effects of X-ray feedback in the early Universe is a full cosmological simulation. Towards this goal, in this paper we create an analytic model of X-ray feedback from accretion on to supermassive black holes (SMBHs), to be used as a sub-grid model in future cosmological simulations. Our analytic model provides a relation between the mass of a dark matter halo and the SMBH it hosts, where the efficiency is governed by an energy balance argument between thermal feedback and the confining gravitational potential of the halo. To calibrate the model, we couple the halo-level recipe with the Press–Schechter halo mass function and derive global mass and energy densities. We then compare our model to various observational constraints, such as the resulting soft X-ray and IR cosmic radiation backgrounds, to test our choice of model parameters. We in particular derive model parameters that do not violate any constraints, while providing maximal X-ray feedback prior to reionization. In addition, we consider the contribution of SMBH X-ray sources to reionization and the global 21 cm absorption signal.
The convergent xenogeneic silencer MucR predisposes α-proteobacteria to integrate AT-rich symbiosis genes
Authors: Shi Wen-Tao , Zhang Biliang , Li Meng-Lin , Liu Ke-Han , Jiao Jian , Tian Chang-Fu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bacterial adaptation is largely shaped by horizontal gene transfer, xenogeneic silencing mediated by lineage-specific DNA bridgers (H-NS, Lsr2, MvaT and Rok), and various anti-silencing mechanisms. No xenogeneic silencing DNA bridger is known for α-proteobacteria, from which mitochondria evolved. By investigating α-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium fredii, a facultative legume microsymbiont, here we report the conserved zinc-finger bearing MucR as a novel xenogeneic silencing DNA bridger. Self-association mediated by its N-terminal domain (NTD) is required for DNA–MucR–DNA bridging complex formation, maximizing MucR stability, transcriptional silencing, and efficient symbiosis in legume nodules. Essential roles of NTD, CTD (C-terminal DNA-binding domain), or full-length MucR in symbiosis can be replaced by non-homologous NTD, CTD, or full-length protein of H-NS from γ-proteobacterium Escherichia coli, while NTD rather than CTD of Lsr2 from Gram-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis can replace the corresponding domain of MucR in symbiosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing reveals similar recruitment profiles of H-NS, MucR and various functional chimeric xenogeneic silencers across the multipartite genome of S. fredii, i.e. preferring AT-rich genomic islands and symbiosis plasmid with key symbiosis genes as shared targets. Collectively, the convergently evolved DNA bridger MucR predisposed α-proteobacteria to integrate AT-rich foreign DNA including symbiosis genes, horizontal transfer of which is strongly selected in nature.
Early volumetric, perfusion, and diffusion MRI changes after mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor treatment in IDH1-mutant gliomas
Authors: Cho Nicholas S , Hagiwara Akifumi , Eldred Blaine S C , Raymond Catalina , Wang Chencai , Sanvito Francesco , Lai Albert , Nghiemphu Phioanh , Salamon Noriko , Steelman Lori , Hassan Islam , Cloughesy Timothy F , Ellingson Benjamin M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Inhibition of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant enzyme is a novel therapeutic target in IDH-mutant gliomas. Imaging biomarkers of IDH inhibitor treatment efficacy in human IDH-mutant gliomas are largely unknown. This study investigated early volumetric, perfusion, and diffusion MRI changes in IDH1-mutant gliomas during IDH inhibitor treatment.

Methods
Twenty-nine IDH1-mutant glioma patients who received IDH inhibitor and obtained anatomical, perfusion, and diffusion MRI pretreatment at 3–6 weeks (n = 23) and/or 2–4 months (n = 14) of treatment were retrospectively studied. Normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity volume were analyzed.

Results
After 3–6 weeks of treatment, nrCBV was significantly increased (P = .004; mean %change = 24.15%) but not FLAIR volume (P = .23; mean %change = 11.05%) or ADC (P = .52; mean %change = -1.77%). Associations between shorter progression-free survival (PFS) with posttreatment nrCBV &gt; 1.55 (P = .05; median PFS, 240 vs 55 days) and increased FLAIR volume &gt; 4 cm3 (P = .06; 227 vs 29 days) trended toward significance. After 2–4 months, nrCBV, FLAIR volume, and ADC were not significantly different from baseline, but an nrCBV increase &gt; 0% (P = .002; 1121 vs 257 days), posttreatment nrCBV &gt; 1.8 (P = .01; 1121 vs. 270 days), posttreatment ADC &lt; 1.15 μm2/ms (P = .02; 421 vs 215 days), median nrCBV/ADC ratio increase &gt; 0% (P = .02; 1121 vs 270 days), and FLAIR volume change &gt; 4 cm3 (P = .03; 421 vs 226.5 days) were associated with shorter PFS.

Conclusions
Increased nrCBV at 3–6 weeks of treatment may reflect transient therapeutic and/or tumor growth changes, whereas nrCBV, ADC, and FLAIR volume changes occurring at 2–4 months of treatment may more accurately reflect antitumor response to IDH inhibition.
Association Between Smoking Behavior and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zeng Xiangxia , Ren Yingying , Wu Kang , Yang Qifeng , Zhang Sun , Wang Donghao , Luo Yateng , Zhang Nuofu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
To systematically review the association between smoking behavior and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Aims and Methods
PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were used to conduct this review. The two researchers independently screened the literatures, conducted the quality assessment, and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The RevMan 5.3 was used to analysis the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) index, min saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SaO2), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, and oxygen desaturation index (DOI) and publication bias analysis to assess the effect of smoking on OSA patients. Furthermore, we performed subgroup of the severity of OSA, different countries of sample origin (western countries or eastern countries), and pack-years (PYs &lt; 10 or PYs ≥ 20) to analyze the heterogeneity.

Results
Thirteen studies were included in this analysis that conformed to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Totally 3654 smokers and 9796 non-smokers have participated. The meta-analysis of 13 studies demonstrated that AHI levels were significantly higher in smoker group compared with non-smoker, ESS scores were also significantly higher in smoker group compared with non-smoker, min SaO2 levels were obviously lower in smoker group compared with non-smoker, however, DOI levels hadn’t significantly different between two groups. The subgroup analysis showed that there was an association between severe OSA, eastern countries, pack-years, and smoking.

Conclusions
Smoking behavior is a significant association with OSA. Heavy smokers with histories of more than 20 PYs were at a higher risk of OSA. Moreover, patient with severe OSA exhibited a significantly association with smoking compared with patients with mild or moderate OSA.

Implications
The relationship between smoking and OSA was controversial, especially, whether smoking increase or aggravate the risk of OSA. In our review and meta-analysis, we demonstrated that smoking behavior is a significant association with OSA. Heavy smokers with histories of more than 20 PYs were at a higher risk of OSA. Moreover, patient with severe OSA exhibited a significant association with smoking compared with patients with mild or moderate OSA. More prospective long-term follow-up studies about effect of quit smoking on OSA are recommended to establish the further relationship.
An Expert, Multidisciplinary Perspective on Best Practices in Biomarker Testing in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Madoff David C , Abi-Jaoudeh Nadine , Braxton David , Goyal Lipika , Jain Dhanpat , Odisio Bruno C , Salem Riad , Schattner Mark , Sheth Rahul , Li Daneng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that arises from the intrahepatic biliary tree and is associated with a poor prognosis. Until recently, the treatment landscape of advanced/metastatic iCCA has been limited primarily to chemotherapy. In recent years, the advent of biomarker testing has identified actionable genetic alterations in 40%-50% of patients with iCCA, heralding an era of precision medicine for these patients. Biomarker testing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has since become increasingly relevant in iCCA; however, several challenges and gaps in standard image-guided liver biopsy and processing have been identified. These include variability in tissue acquisition relating to the imaging modality used for biopsy guidance, the biopsy method used, number of passes, needle choice, specimen preparation methods, the desmoplastic nature of the tumor, as well as the lack of communication among the multidisciplinary team. Recognizing these challenges and the lack of evidence-based guidelines for biomarker testing in iCCA, a multidisciplinary team of experts including interventional oncologists, a gastroenterologist, medical oncologists, and pathologists suggest best practices for optimizing tissue collection and biomarker testing in iCCA.