bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of a second-line biologic in patients with ulcerative colitis: vedolizumab followed by an anti-TNF versus anti-TNF followed by vedolizumab
Authors: Miller Charles , Kwok Hanson , Harrow Paul , Vega Roser , Seward Edward , Mehta Shameer , Rahman Farooq , McCartney Sara , Parisi Ioanna , Lim Samuel Hsiang , Sharma Esha , Samaan Mark A , Bancil Aaron , Kok Klaartje Bel , Shalabi Ahmed , Johnston Emma L , Katarey Dev , Taherzadeh Nina , Murray Charles , Sharip Mohammed Tauseef , Carter Martyn J , Radhakrishnan Shiva T , Peake Simon , Khakoo Imran , Wahed Mahmood , Povlsen Sebastian , Patel Mehul , DuBois Patrick , Finkel Jemima , Onnie Clive , Bloom Stuart 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundSequential drug treatment with biological agents in ulcerative colitis (UC) is becoming increasingly complex. There are few studies comparing head-to-head outcomes in second-line treatments. The study assesses whether using anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-α therapy following the α4β7 integrin blocker vedolizumab (VDZ) or VDZ after an anti-TNF has more favourable clinical outcomes in UC in a real-world outpatient setting.MethodsPatients with UC who were exposed to first-line anti-TNF (adalimumab or infliximab) or VDZ who subsequently switched to the alternate class between May 2013 and August 2020 were identified by reviewing patient databases at 10 hospitals. Data were collected retrospectively using patient records. Baseline demographics, disease activity indices, biochemical markers, endoscopic Mayo score, colectomy rates, treatment persistence and urgent hospital utilisation composite endpoint (UHUC) rates were examined over a 52-week period.ResultsSecond-line week 52 treatment persistence was higher in the VDZ group (71/81, 89%) versus the anti-TNF group (15/34, 44%; p=0.0001), as were week 52 colectomy-free survival (VDZ: 77/80, 96%, vs anti-TNF: 26/32, 81%; p=0.009), week 52 UHUC survival (VDZ: 68/84, 81%, vs anti-TNF: 20/34, 59%; p=0.002) and week 52 corticosteroid-free clinical remission (CFCR) rates (VDZ: 22/34, 65%, vs anti-TNF: 4/20, 20%; p=0.001).ConclusionCompared with second-line anti TNF usage, the VDZ second-line cohort had significantly higher 52-week treatment persistence, UHUC survival, higher colectomy-free survival rates and higher week 52 CFCR. These data suggest that VDZ is an effective biologic in UC as a second-line therapy after anti-TNF exposure. It highlights the effect of biological order on clinically important outcomes.
Angular distributions for multi-body semileptonic charmed baryon decays
Authors: Huang Fei , Zhang Qi-An 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe perform an analysis of angular distributions in semileptonic decays of charmed baryons$$B_1^{(\prime )}\rightarrow B_2^{(\prime )}(\rightarrow B_3^{(\prime )}B_4^{(\prime )})\ell ^+\nu _{\ell }$$B1(′)→B2(′)(→B3(′)B4(′))ℓ+νℓ, where the$$B_1{=}(\Lambda _c^+,\Xi _c^{(0,+)})$$B1=(Λc+,Ξc(0,+))are the SU(3)-antitriplet baryons and$$B_1'{=}\Omega _c^-$$B1′=Ωc-is an SU(3) sextet. We will firstly derive analytic expressions for angular distributions using the helicity amplitude technique. Based on the lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) results for$$\Lambda _c^+\rightarrow \Lambda $$Λc+→Λand$$\Xi _c^0\rightarrow \Xi ^-$$Ξc0→Ξ-form factors and model calculation of the$$\Omega _c^0\rightarrow \Omega ^-$$Ωc0→Ω-transition, we predict the branching fractions:$${\mathcal {B}}(\Lambda _{c}^{+} \rightarrow \Lambda (\rightarrow p \pi ^{-}) e^{+} \nu _{e})=2.48(15)\%$$B(Λc+→Λ(→pπ-)e+νe)=2.48(15)%,$${\mathcal {B}}(\Lambda _{c}^+\rightarrow \Lambda (\rightarrow p \pi ^{-})\mu ^{+}\nu _{\mu })=2.50(14)\%$$B(Λc+→Λ(→pπ-)μ+νμ)=2.50(14)%,$${\mathcal {B}}(\Xi _{c}^0\rightarrow \Xi ^-(\rightarrow \Lambda \pi ^{-})e^{+}\nu _{e})=2.40(30)\%$$B(Ξc0→Ξ-(→Λπ-)e+νe)=2.40(30)%,$${\mathcal {B}}(\Xi _{c}^0\rightarrow \Xi ^-(\rightarrow \Lambda \pi ^{-})\mu ^{+}\nu _{\nu })=2.41(30)\%$$B(Ξc0→Ξ-(→Λπ-)μ+νν)=2.41(30)%,$${\mathcal {B}}(\Omega _{c}^0\rightarrow \Omega ^-(\rightarrow \Lambda K^{-})e^{+}\nu _{e})=\!0.362(14)\%$$B(Ωc0→Ω-(→ΛK-)e+νe)=0.362(14)%,$${\mathcal {B}}(\Omega _{c}^0\rightarrow \Omega ^-\!(\rightarrow \Lambda K^{-})\mu ^{+\!}\nu _{\nu })=0.350(14)\%$$B(Ωc0→Ω-(→ΛK-)μ+νν)=0.350(14)%. We also predict the$$q^2$$q2dependence and angular distributions of these processes, in particular the coefficients for the$$\cos n\theta _{\ell }$$cosnθℓ($$\cos n\theta _{h}$$cosnθh,$$\cos n\phi $$cosnϕ)$$(n=0, 1, 2, \ldots )$$(n=0,1,2,…)terms. This work can provide a theoretical basis for the ongoing experiments at BESIII, LHCb, and BELLE-II.
Spin alignment measurement of vector mesons produced in high energy collisions
Authors: Mohanty Bedangadas , Kundu Sourav , Singha Subhash , Singh Ranbir 
Published: January 2022

This paper covers the recent experimental development on spin alignment measurements of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] vector mesons in heavy-ion and [Formula: see text] collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. Measurements in [Formula: see text] collisions at LEP energies are also discussed. Spin alignment of vector mesons is studied by measuring the second diagonal element [Formula: see text] of spin density matrix. The spin density matrix element [Formula: see text] is obtained by measuring the angular distribution of vector meson decay daughter with respect to the quantization axis in vector meson rest frame. Measured [Formula: see text] values for vector mesons are found to be larger than [Formula: see text] at high momentum in [Formula: see text] collisions at LEP energies, suggesting the preferential production of vector meson with helicity zero state from the fragmentation process. The [Formula: see text] values are found to be smaller than [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] implies no spin alignment) for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] vector mesons at low transverse momentum in Pb–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV. These observations are qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute the spin alignment effect due to polarization of quarks in the presence of large initial angular momentum in noncentral heavy-ion collisions and its subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination. No significant spin alignment effect is observed for [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] in mid-central Pb–Pb collisions and for vector mesons in [Formula: see text] collisions. However, the preliminary results of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] mesons are larger than [Formula: see text] at intermediate [Formula: see text] in Au–Au collisions at RHIC energies and can be attributed to the presence of [Formula: see text] meson field. Although there is evidence of spin alignment effect of vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions but the measured effect is surprisingly larger in context of hyperon polarization. Therefore, these results will trigger further theoretical study.
Twin-field quantum key distribution over free-space optical channels in the presence of atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Huang Yuqing , Sun Zhongqi , Dou Tianqi , Wang Jipeng , Li Zhenhua , Zhou Fen , Han Yanxin , Ma Haiqiang 
Published: January 2022

Future quantum communication networks envisaged on a global scale will include various networks interlinked via optical fiber and free space channels. In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on optical fiber has been extensively studied. Twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) may enable 550 km QKD using standard optical fiber without quantum repeaters. However, the performance of TF-QKD in free-space channel is still unclear. In this paper, a free-space channel model is proposed with specific turbulence characterization discussed. Here, the key rate of TF-QKD under multiple scenarios considering the variation of turbulence and different link configuration is investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of free-space TF-QKD is related to link configuration and turbulence motion which is determined by surface feature, time and height. Furthermore, TF-QKD protocol is a potential scheme for the free-space quantum communication.
Detrital zircon geochronology of Late Cretaceous successions in the Ganzhou Basin, South China: evidence of a major tectonic transition
Authors: Wang Jun , Yuan Yujie , Zhang Dexian , Chang Su-Chin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Situated within the southern segment of the South China Block, the Ganzhou Basin formed owing to subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the South China Block. Late Cretaceous successions in this basin consist of fluvial and lacustrine facies red beds hosting abundant dinosaur and dinosaur egg fossils. This study reports detrital zircon geochronological data from a crystallized tuff and four sandstones found in the Late Cretaceous Ganzhou Group of the Ganzhou Basin. Age distributions included four major age subpopulations of predominantly Triassic, Devonian–Ordovician, Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic ages. These indicate source material derived from Yanshanian and Triassic granitoids as well as from Kwangsian and Jiangnan orogens. Age signatures generally resemble those recorded in the adjacent Nanxiong Basin but also include distinctive features. Provenance signatures from successive units indicate a tectonic transition from intracontinental extension at
c.
120 Ma to compression near the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. This tectonic transition was probably driven by continent–continent collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates, as well as by a shift in the subduction direction of the palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian plate.
Defect-Pairs of Titanium and Carbon in Iron Oxide Film for Efficient Visible Light Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Choi Il Yong , Kim Donghun , Jeon Tae Hwa , Chae Byeong-Gyu , Lee Kug-Seung , Park Chan-Gyung , Choi Wonyong , Han Sang Soo , Kim Jong Kyu 
Published: January 2022

Solar-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been a promising candidate for producing hydrogen in a clean and renewable way. Photoelectrodes are key components in PEC cells for efficient and stable hydrogen generation because they play crucial roles in absorption of photons, the separation and transportation of photo-generated charge carriers, as well as the chemical reactions with water. A variety of metal oxides for efficient photoelectrode have been intensively explored, but it is still challenging to find desirable materials to satisfy lots of requirements for PEC water splitting.
Iron oxide (hematite, Fe2O3) has recently attracted much attention due to its earth abundance, low cost as well as desirable material properties for PEC water oxidation including narrow band gap energy of 2.0~2.2eV for visible light absorption and proper energy band alignment, etc. However, Fe2O3 has very short hole diffusion length and low carrier mobility, which causes considerable recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. A lot of approaches such as nanostructures, heterojunction with other materials, surface modification, etc. have been reported to prevent the recombination of charge carriers and improve electrical properties of Fe2O3; however, these require complex manufacturing processes.
In the present work, we found a much simpler way to improve the electrical properties of Fe2O3 film, namely defect-pairs due to co-doping. Titanium (Ti) and carbon (C) co-doped thin Fe2O3 film (i.e. (Ti,C)-Fe2O3) has been realized via a combination of simple solution-based spin-coating and tube furnace annealing process. This film turns out to lead significantly enhanced PEC performance when used as a photoanode: an impressively high photocurrent density of more than 4.5mAcm-2 was achieved at 1.23VRHE under AM1.5G solar spectrum and 1 sun illumination. This is compared to the value of Ti-doped Fe2O3 film, which is only about 2.6mAcm-2 photocurrent density at 1.23VRHE even though the optical properties of each film are similar. The origin for such substantial enhancement was revealed using a series of experimental and computational spectroscopies. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance measurements and density-functional-theory calculations both indicate that C atoms can be more deeply and heavily doped under the existence of Ti dopants in Fe2O3 film and then the defect-pairs of Ti and C increase not only charge carrier density but also electron’s mobility. An emphasis should be placed on the fact that this achievement was not assisted by co-catalysts and complex nanostructuring methods; hence even higher performance is expected when the film is further treated with extra-cares.
Nanoporous MnO2 Nanoflakes Modified Carbon Cloth Material for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Water by Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Wang Ying , Blackwood Daniel J 
Published: January 2022

Increasing demand for the limited resource of fresh water for the large urban populations and development of agriculture and industry draws public concern. Removal of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury is crucial in environmental improvement of water and industrial wastewater treatment. Great efforts have been made through chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, filtration and electrochemical treatment. However, a large volume of sludge residue, expensive and complex matrix materials and low efficiency are still problems that need to be improved.
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising energy-efficient technology for water desalination, which is easy to handle and environmentally friendly producing no secondary contaminants through the water purifying process [1]. In order to effectively remove ions, the porous electrodes with large surface area, good chemical stability, high electronic conductivity, and hydrophility are key factors in the selection of CDI materials. Highly porous carbon materials represent the typical electrodes to store the ions through surface ion adsorption/desorption, which is generally categorized as electrochemical double layer. By contrast, pseudocapacitors that consist of conducting polymers and transition metals, store more charge through redox reactions.
Among the alternative candidates, the natural abundant and environmental benign MnO2 is of particular interest for research, due to its high theoretical specific capacitance and the ability to be use in mild aqueous electrolytes which expand its practical application [2-3]. MnO2 can be fabricated easily and its morphology can be controlled during simple hydrothermal growth processes. Direct growth on carbon cloth, which is an excellent flexible and conductive substrate, could enhance the regeneration and reuse property of MnO2 as an ideal CDI electrode.
Porous MnO2@cabon cloth composites were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method (Figure a). The BET result showed that the average pore width is 18.2 nm. To investigate the CDI property of removing the heavy metal ions, one piece of MnO2@CC and one piece of activated carbon@graphite paper were assembled as working and counter electrodes respectively. This work confirmed the potential of using MnO2@CC as a good CDI electrode material for removal of heavy metal ions from water (Figure b).
References

S. Porada, R. Zhao, A. Wal, V. Presser, and P. M. Biesheuvel, Prog. Mater. Sci.,
58, 1388 (2013).

W. Wei, X. Cui, W. Chen, and D. G. Ivey, Chem. Soc. Rev.,
40, 1697 (2011).

J. Wang, F. Kang, and B. Wei, Prog. Mater. Sci., 74, 51 (2015).

Figure 1
Quantitative Evaluation of Real-Time Shear-Wave Elastography under Deep Learning in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Jie , Duan Cuirong , Duan Xingxing , Hu Yuan , Liu Jinqiao , Chen Wenjuan 
Published: January 2022

Objective. This research was to study the application value of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) quantitative evaluation based on deep learning (DL) in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Methods. 60 children with pathological diagnoses of CKD were selected as a CKD group. During the same period, 45 healthy children for physical examination were selected as the control group. The application value of real-time shear-wave elastography based on DL in the evaluation of CKD in children was explored by comparing the differences between the two groups. Results. It was found that the elastic modulus values of the middle and lower parenchyma of the left kidney and right kidney in the case group were (22.02 ± 10.98) kPa and (21.99 ± 11.87) kPa, respectively, which were substantially higher compared with (4.61 ± 0.47) kPa and (4.50 ± 0.59) kPa in the control group. Young’s modulus (YM) of the middle and lower parenchyma of the left kidney in patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 was 13.27 ± 0.83, 24.21 ± 5.69, and 31.67 ± 3.82, respectively, and that of the right kidney was 17.26 ± 0.98, 26.76 ± 7.22, and 32.37 ± 4.27, respectively, and the difference was significant (

P

< 0.05). In patients with moderate and severe CKD, the YM values of the middle and lower parenchyma of the left kidney were 17.27 ± 0.83, 27.93 ± 6.49, and those of the right kidney were 17.26 ± 0.98, 29.56 ± 6.49, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (

P

< 0.05). The serum creatinine (Scr) of the CKD group was substantially higher than that of the control group, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level of the former was lower than that of the latter. However, there was no statistical difference between the YM values of the middle and lower parts of the left and right kidneys of the CKD group and the control group. Conclusion. The DL-based SWE is a new noninvasive, real-time, and quantitative detection method, which can effectively evaluate the stiffness of the kidney and help to better detect the progress of CKD as a clinical reference.
U-Shape Relationship between Plasma Leucine Level and Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wang Mei-Ying , Wang Chao-Hung , Chen Wei-Siang , Chu Chien-Ming , Wu Huang-Ping , Liu Min-Hui , Lin Yi-Tsen , Kao Kuo-Chin , Liang Chung-Yu , Chen Wen-Hsin , Wang Huei-Jen , Lee Shu-Chiu 
Published: January 2022

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at high risk of mortality which is not well predicted. Previous studies noted that leucine has prognostic value in a variety of diseases. This study investigated whether leucine concentration was a useful biomarker of metabolic and nutritional status and 6-month mortality in ICU. We recruited 454 subjects admitted to ICU (348 and 106 in the initiation and validation cohorts, respectively) with an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II)

score
≥
15

. We measured plasma leucine concentrations, traditional biomarkers, and calculated APACHE II and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. Leucine levels were weakly correlated with albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin levels (

r
=
0.30

, 0.12, and 0.15,

p
=
0.001

, 0.029, and 0.007, respectively). During follow-up, 116 (33.3%) patients died. Compared to patients with leucine levels between 109 and 174 μM, patients with

leucine
>
174

μ
M

or <109 μM had a lower cumulative survival rate. Death was also associated with age, higher APACHE II and SOFA scores, C-reactive protein, and longer stays in the ICU, but with lower albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin. Patients with leucine

levels
>
174

μ
M

had higher alanine aminotransferase levels, but no significant differences in other variables; patients with leucine

levels
<
109

μ
M

had higher APACHE II and SOFA scores, higher incidence of using inotropic agents, longer ICU and hospital stays, but lower albumin and transferrin levels. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that

leucine
>
174

μ
M

was an independent predictor of mortality, especially early mortality. However, among patients who stayed in ICU longer than two weeks,

leucine
<
109

μ
M

was an independent predictor of mortality. In addition,

leucine
<
109

μ
M

was associated with worse ventilator weaning profiles. These findings were similar in the validation cohort. Our study demonstrated a U-shape relationship between leucine levels and mortality rate in ICU.
To Analyze the Influencing Factors of Senile Coronary Heart Disease Patients Complicated with Frailty Syndrome
Authors: Qin Tian , Sheng Wang , Hu Guoheng 
Published: January 2022

To analyze the influencing factors of senile coronary heart disease patients complicated with frailty syndrome. A total of 80 elderly patients with coronary heart disease admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The Fried Frailty Symptom Scale was used to evaluate whether the 80 patients were complicated with frailty syndrome. According to the evaluation results, the patients were divided into a nonfrailty syndrome group (52 cases in total) and frailty syndrome group (28 cases in total). Clinical data of two groups of patients were collected, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of senile coronary heart disease patients complicated with frailty syndrome. Among 80 patients, the incidence of frailty syndrome was 35.00% (28/80), including 18 cases in early frailty and 10 cases in frailty stage. Univariate analysis showed that age, body mass (BMI), diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tumor, high uric acid hematic disease, arrhythmia, interleukin-6 (IL-6), c-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), uric acid (UA), serum creatinine (Scr), serum protein (ALB), white blood cell count (WBC), and neutrophil count were the possible risk factors for senile coronary heart disease complicated with frailty syndrome (

P

< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that combined COPD, combined tumor, IL-6, BNP, UA, SCR, ALB, and neutrophil count were independent risk factors for senile CHD complicated with frailty syndrome (

P

< 0.05). Combined with COPD, combined with tumor, IL-6, BNP, UA, SCR, ALB, and neutron cell count are the influencing factors for senile coronary heart disease patients complicated with frailty syndrome. These factors can be used as the basis for the diagnosis of frailty syndrome and guide the clinical development of targeted diagnosis and treatment plan.
Elliptical curve cryptography image encryption scheme with aid of optimization technique using gravitational search algorithm
Authors: Navatejareddy Ramireddy , Jayabhaskar Muthukuru , Sathyanarayana Bachala 
Published: January 2022

<p>Image <span>encryption enables users to safely transmit digital photographs via a wireless medium while maintaining enhanced anonymity and validity. Numerous studies are being conducted to strengthen picture encryption systems. Elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) is an effective tool for safely transferring images and recovering them at the receiver end in asymmetric cryptosystems. This method's key generation generates a public and private key pair that is used to encrypt and decrypt a picture. They use a public key to encrypt the picture before sending it to the intended user. When the receiver receives the image, they use their private key to decrypt it. This paper proposes an ECC-dependent image encryption scheme utilizing an enhancement strategy based on the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) algorithm. The private key generation step of the ECC system uses a GSA-based optimization process to boost the efficiency of picture encryption. The image's output is used as a health attribute in the optimization phase, such as the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach. As comparison to the ECC method, it has been discovered that the suggested encryption scheme offers better optimal PSNR </span>values.</p>