bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildlife health outcomes and opportunities in conservation translocations
Authors: Beckmann Katie M. , Cromie Ruth L. , Sainsbury Anthony W. , Hilton Geoff M. , Ewen John G. , Soorae Pritpal S. , Kock Richard A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It is intuitive that the health status of wildlife might influence conservation translocation outcomes, however, health as a topic has received limited attention in the conservation translocation literature. We determined the forms and frequency of disease and other biological problems reported in translocated animals and plants, and in populations linked to translocation, and associations between their mention and translocation ‘success’. From these problems we deduced the forms of ill‐health potentially associated with conservation translocation and developed contextual frameworks to inform health management.
Using described selection criteria, a subset of case studies of animal and plant conservation translocation from the IUCN's ‘Global Reintroduction Perspectives’ series (2008–2018) was reviewed. Self‐reported information describing or implying mortality, ill‐health or reproductive compromise was extracted and categorized as a ‘disease’ or other biological problem. Problems explicitly described as a ‘major difficulty’, ‘major lesson’ or ‘reason for failure’ were termed ‘notable’. We specified the conditions representing ill‐health and created diagrams illustrating their relationships to other biological problems and processes, and management measures.
Notable ‘disease’ problems such as infection, (as in stress‐related) and husbandry‐related disorders were reported in 30% of 295 reviewed case studies and were more likely to be mentioned in less ‘successful’ projects (P < 0.05, χ2 test). Other biological problems, in particular predation, adverse climate or weather, and anthropogenic trauma, were commonly reported (66% of 295 studies), especially post‐release.
When present, disease may be an important obstacle to translocation success. The negative health impacts of other, apparently common post‐release problems also merit acknowledgement. A broad spectrum of disease and other health‐related problems can potentially occur in conservation translocations and impact conservation and animal welfare outcomes. We suggest health management of translocation has three broad roles: to mitigate disease risks posed to other animals, plants and humans; to mitigate threats to the health of translocated individuals themselves; and to preserve and build their resilience and adaptive capacity, given the apparent high frequency of post‐release problems. We advocate a stronger emphasis on fostering health as opposed to solely preventing disease. This is directly and indirectly dependent on a range of related project management actions and on multi‐disciplinary expertise.
Rhetoric and epigraphy, Hellenistic
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitrios 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inscriptions constitute a quarry of information for Hellenistic Greek rhetoric. They bring to light interesting prose texts in remote areas of the Greek‐speaking world. As almost no Hellenistic oratory survives, these inscriptions perform an important role in filling the gap in our knowledge of Greek rhetoric. In contrast, the rhetoric of the late Classical period together with its counterpart under the Roman empire is well documented.
Effect ofASAon the risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients withPFO
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhou Chang , Pan Xuemei , Zhou Jun , Sun Heng , Xu Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhether atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) increases the risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) remains controversial.ObjectiveWe constructed a detailed meta‐analysis to assess the effect of ASA on risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with PFO.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (cohort studies and case‐control studies) that compared PFO‐ASA against PFO alone were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) estimates and 95% CI were calculated using the fixed‐effect and random‐effect models.ResultsFour RCTs and twelve observational studies (five cohort studies and seven case‐control studies) contributed to the meta‐analysis. The pooled results of case‐control studies showed that ASA increased the risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with PFO (fixed‐effect model: OR = 3.69; 95% CI: 2.67–5.09;p< 0.01, random‐effect model: OR = 3.63; 95% CI: 2.51–5.24;p< 0.01). However, poole results from RCTs (fixed‐effect model: OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.78–1.95;p= 0.36, random‐effect model: OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.78–2.08;p= 0.34) and cohort studies (fixed‐effect model: OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.81–2.23;p= 0.25, random‐effect model: OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 0.84–2.33;p= 0.20) found no evidence. Overall analysis showed that ASA increased the risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events (fixed‐effect model: OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.84–2.87;p< 0.01, random‐effect model: OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.48–3.01;p< 0.01). The sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of all results.ConclusionsAlthough case‐control studies support ASA to increase the risk of cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with PFO, RCTs and cohort studies challenged the credibility. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the effect of ASA on patients with PFO.
In Situ‐Formed LiF‐Rich Multifunctional Interfaces toward Stable Li10GeP2S12‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shen Lin , Zhao Chen , Weng Wei , Li Mengqi , Jin Yuming , Zhang Zhihua , Yao Xiayin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLi10GeP2S12 (LGPS) solid electrolyte with extremely high ionic conductivity is a promising candidate for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. However, continued LGPS reduction at Li/LGPS interface is huge challenge. Thus, developing a simple and effective strategy to improve Li/LGPS interfacial stability is highly urgent. Herein, LiF‐rich multifunctional interfaces on Li metal (Li@LiF), consisting of three functional components of LiF, carbon particles, and thin CF bond top‐layer, are in situ constructed on the Li metal surface by spontaneous reaction between Li metal and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) at room temperature. LiF, as the main component, significantly suppresses the interfacial reaction due to low electronic conductivity and promotes smooth lithium plating on the Li metal surface arising from high interfacial energy against Li. Meanwhile, carbon particles with excellent Li+ affinity and thin strong polar CF bond top‐layer enable homogenous Li+ flux as well as fast Li+ migration across the LiF‐rich interface, respectively. Consequently, the LGPS‐based symmetric lithium cell possesses significantly prolonged cycling stability and increased critical current density. The LGPS‐based all‐solid‐state lithium cells employing LiCoO2 cathode and Li@LiF anode exhibit excellent rate capability and impressive cycling stability, achieving a high capacity retention of 80.9% over 300 cycles at 0.1 C under 25 °C.
Highly Deformable and Durable Hydrogels through Synergy of Covalent Crosslinks and Nanosheet‐Reinforced Dynamic Interactions toward Flexible Sensor
Authors: Chen Fanglin , Huang Zehuan , Li Tao , Xiao Tangxin , Wang Shufen , Bai Guoheng , Sun Hong , Zhu SanE , Yang Wei , Lu Hongdian , Wei Chunxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntegration of both excellent mechanical performance and remarkable durability into composite hydrogel materials is highly demanded yet challenging. Herein, a synergistic strategy of combining covalent crosslinks with nanosheet‐reinforced dynamic interactions is developed for the design and fabrication of deformable and recoverable nanocomposite hydrogels. Layered double hydroxide nanosheets and a trace amount of covalent crosslinks are simultaneously incorporated into the network, providing profound synergy in mechanical enhancement and durability extension. The resultant materials displayed high deformability (stretchability >1100%, compressibility >90%), considerable springiness and resilience, rapid and excellent recovery over 2000 cycles of compression and retraction as well as a 100% hysteresis ratio after only 1 min during large stretching. Notably, these networks are also transparent and ionically conductive. To demonstrate the utility, a wearable strain sensor is constructed for sensing and detecting human motions (e.g., subtle movement of mouth‐opening and large motion of joint‐bending), exhibiting a linear response with high sensitivity (gauge factor as high as 7.66) over 100–300% strain. This line of research will inspire renewed interest and work into synergic exploitation of nanospecies‐reinforced interactions and covalent crosslinks into the design of high‐performance composite materials.
Magnetic Microtweezers: A Tool for High‐Throughput Bioseparation in Sub‐Nanoliter Droplets
Authors: Dumas Simon , Richerd Mathilde , Serra Marco , Descroix Stéphanie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDroplet microfluidics has revolutionized the field of single‐cell analysis. Production of micro‐droplets at high throughput allows for rapid isolation of single cells within micro‐compartments, which are then subjected to different analytical processes. However, certain operations, such as physical separation from droplets, remain difficult to implement at high throughput and single‐cell level but would be highly valuable to currently expanding multiomics techniques, where several biomolecular modalities are involved. This work presents a method based on microfabricated NiFe structures, the magnetic microtweezers, to trap and extract magnetic particles from a continuous stream of sub‐nanoliter droplets, and enable physical separation from single cell‐based droplets. Using a physical model, simulations, and experiments, a comprehensive description of the complex particle extraction process is provided. After optimization, the magnetic microtweezers provided unprecedented particle extraction performance, allowing extraction of high loads (10‐20 ng) of magnetic particles from 500 pL droplets, with a capture rate close to 100% at 20 Hz. To evaluate the applicability to single‐cell analysis, mRNA extraction is performed. It demonstrated around 72% specific recovery of mRNA from droplets containing purified nucleic acids, and 43% from single cells. Overall, this approach enables efficient physical separation that is compatible with existing high‐throughput droplet‐based single‐cell workflows.
Thioamide‐Directed Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Vinylation and Arylation of Ferrocenes
Authors: Li Hao , Luo Hui , Ban Yan , Wang Yan , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThioamide‐chelation‐assisted direct Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H vinylation and Ir(III)‐catalyzed C−H arylation of ferrocenes with vinyl‐ or aryl‐trimethoxysilane under mild and base‐free conditions is described. With thioamide as directing group, various monovinyl and monoaryl substituted thioamideferrocenes were obtained by transition metal‐catalyzed direct C−H functionalization of ferrocenes in 50%‐84% yields with broad substrate range. Mechanistic experiments indicate that C−H bond activation may be the rate‐determining step of the reaction.magnified image
Transition‐Metal‐Free Olefinic C−H Azidoalkylthiolation via C(sp3)−S Bond Cleavage of Vinylsulfonium Salts
Authors: He Yuan , Huang Zilong , Ma Juan , Lin Jie , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free olefinic C−H azidoalkylthiolation protocol was developed through C(sp3)−S bond cleavage of vinylsulfonium salts with sodium azide in air under aqueous conditions. An interrupted Pummerer/nucleophilc azidoalkylation cascade was developed for such a process. The practicability of the synthetic protocol was demonstrated by scale‐up preparation of the azidoalkylthiolated tetrasubstituted alkene products and their transformations to diverse triazole and tetrazole derivatives as well as azidoalkylthio‐funtionalized N‐heterocyclic compounds. The present synthetic methodology features broad substrate scopes and good functional group tolerance under mild conditions.magnified image
Tripeptide Organocatalysts for Stereoselective Conjugate Addition Reactions with N‐Heterocyclic Substituents
Authors: Möhler Jasper S. , Beiersdörfer Lena K. , Masina Brenno , Wechsler Philipp , Wennemers Helma 
Published: July 2022

AbstractN‐heterocyclic moieties are abundant among pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, but a challenge for metalorganic and organocatalytic transformations. We present tripeptides of the type H‐Pro‐Pro‐Xaa as catalysts for stereoselective conjugate addition reactions between N‐heterocyclic substituted aldehydes and electrophiles. Alkyl substituents at the N‐terminal proline, the reactive site, were crucial for high chemo‐ and stereoselectivity. Different N‐heterocyclic moieties, even at both reaction partners, were readily tolerated and products were obtained in yields of 61–95% and enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee.magnified image
Antifreezing Proton Zwitterionic Hydrogel Electrolyte via Ionic Hopping and Grotthuss Transport Mechanism toward Solid Supercapacitor Working at −50 °C
Authors: Sun Weigang , Xu Zhen , Qiao Congde , Lv Bingxi , Gai Ligang , Ji Xingxiang , Jiang Haihui , Liu Libin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydrogel electrolyte is widely used in solid energy storage devices because of its high ionic conductivity, environmental friendliness, and non‐leakage property. However, hydrogel electrolyte is not resistant to freezing. Here, a high proton conductive zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte with super conductivity of 1.51 mS cm–1 at −50 °C is fabricated by random copolymerization of acrylamide and zwitterionic monomer in the presence of 1 m H2SO4 and ethylene glycol (EG). The antifreezing performance and low temperature conductivity are ascribed to hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds between the components and water molecules in the system and can be tuned by changing the monomer ratio and EG contents. The proton hopping migration on the ionic group of the polymer chains and Grotthuss proton transport mechanism are responsible for the high proton conductivity while Grotthuss transport is dominated at the glassy state of the polymer chains. The electrolyte‐assembled supercapacitor (SC) offers high specific capacitance of 93.5 F g–1 at 25 °C and 62.0 F g–1 at −50 °C with a capacitance retention of 91.1% and 81.5% after 10 000 cycles, respectively. The SC can even work at −70 °C. The electrolyte outperforms most reported antifreezing hydrogel electrolytes and has high potential in low‐temperature devices.
Stabilizing Layered Structure in Aqueous Electrolyte via O2‐Type Oxygen Stacking
Authors: Xue Liang , Wang Chao , Liu Hanghui , Li Hao , Chen Tingting , Shi Zhengyi , Qiu Ce , Sun Mingqing , Huang Yin , Huang Jiangfeng , Sun Jingwen , Xiong Pan , Zhu Junwu , Xia Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the high energy density of O3‐type layered cathode materials, the short cycle life in aqueous electrolyte hinders their practical applications in aqueous lithium‐ion batteries (ALIBs). In this work, it is demonstrated that the structural stability of layered LiCoO2 in aqueous electrolyte can be remarkably improved by altering the oxygen stacking from O3 to O2. As compared to the O3‐type LiCoO2, the O2‐type LiCoO2 exhibits significantly improved cycle performance in neutral aqueous electrolyte. It is found that the structural degradation caused by electrophilic attack of proton can be effectively mitigated in O2‐type layered structure. With O2 stacking, CoO6 octahedra in LiCoO2 possess stronger CoO bonds while Co migration from Co layer to Li layer is strongly hampered, resulting in enhanced structural stability against proton attack and prolonged cycle life in aqueous electrolyte. The findings in this work reveal that regulating oxygen stacking sequence is an effective strategy to improve the structural stability of layered materials for ALIBs.
Identifying and Differentiating Topological G‐Quadruplex Structures with DNA‐Encoded Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Tingjie , Wang Xiaojing , Yao Dongbao , Liang Haojun , Lu Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDNA G‐quadruplexes (G4s) have been identified as critical elements in modulating genomic functions and many other biological processes. Their functions are highly dependent on the primary nucleotides and secondary folding structures. Therefore, to understand their functions, methods to identify and differentiate structures of G4 with speed and accuracy are required but limited. In this report, we have applied a synthetic G4 DNA‐encoded nanoparticle approach to identify and differentiate G4 DNA molecules with different topologies and nucleotide residues. We found that the resulting plasmonic properties of the gold nanoparticles, monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy, are quite sensitive to different G4 structures, including stacking layers, loop sequences, capping bases on G4s, and topological structures. Through these systematic investigations, we demonstrate that this G4‐encoded gold nanoparticle approach can be used to profile the G4 structures and distinguish G4s from human telomeres. Such a method may have wide applications in G4 research.
Platinum‐Catalysed Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Methane to Formaldehyde in the Presence of Liquid Water
Authors: Mahlaba Sinqobile V. L. , Hytoolakhan Lal Mahomed Nasseela , Govender Alisa , Guo Junfeng , Leteba Gerard M. , Cilliers Pierre L. , van Steen Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aerobic, selective oxidation of methane to C1‐oxygenates remains a challenge, due to the more facile, consecutive oxidation of formed products to CO2. Here, we report on the aerobic selective oxidation of methane under continuous flow conditions, over platinum‐based catalysts yielding formaldehyde with a high selectivity (reaching 90 % for Pt/TiO2 and 65 % over Pt/Al2O3) upon co‐feeding water. The presence of liquid water under reaction conditions increases the activity strongly attaining a methane conversion of 1–3 % over Pt/TiO2. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the preferential formation of formaldehyde is linked to the stability of the di‐σ‐hydroxy‐methoxy species on platinum, the preferred carbon‐containing species on Pt(111) at a high chemical potential of water. Our findings provide novel insights into the reaction pathway for the Pt‐catalysed, aerobic selective oxidation of CH4.
Rational Design of Superconducting Metal Hydrides via Chemical Pressure Tuning**
Authors: Hilleke Katerina P. , Zurek Eva 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe high critical superconducting temperatures (Tcs) of metal hydride phases with clathrate‐like hydrogen networks have generated great interest. Herein, we employ the Density Functional Theory‐Chemical Pressure (DFT‐CP) method to explain why certain electropositive elements adopt these structure types, whereas others distort the hydrogenic lattice, thereby decreasing the Tc. The progressive opening of the H24 polyhedra in MH6 phases is shown to arise from internal pressures exerted by large metal atoms, some of which may favor an even higher hydrogen content that loosens the metal atom coordination environments. The stability of the LaH10 and LaBH8 phases is tied to stuffing of their shared hydrogen network with either additional hydrogen or boron atoms. The predictive capabilities of DFT‐CP are finally applied to the Y−X−H system to identify possible ternary additions yielding a superconducting phase stable to low pressures.
Porphyrinbasiertes organisches Netzwerk bestehend aus nachhaltigen Kohlenstoffpunkten für die Photopolymerisation
Authors: Luo Xiongfei , Wan Jianyong , Meckbach Nicolai , Strehmel Veronika , Li Shujun , Chen Zhijun , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNachhaltige Kohlenstoffpunkte (CDs) auf der Basis von Furfural (F‐CD) führten nach Durchführung der Alder‐Longo‐Reaktion zu einem lichtempfindlichen Material. Die gebildete Porphyrineinheit verbindet die F‐CDs zu einem kovalenten organischen Netzwerk. Dieses heterogene Material (P‐CD) wurde mit XPS charakterisiert, was auf den Einbau der jeweiligen C‐, N‐ und O‐Einheiten hinweist. Zeitaufgelöste Fluoreszenz einschließlich der Globalanalyse zeigte einen Beitrag von drei verknüpften Komponenten zur Beschreibung der Gesamtdynamik des angeregten Zustands. Die elektrochemischen und photonischen Eigenschaften dieses heterogenen Materials ermöglichten eine Photopolymerisation mittels photo‐ATRP, bei der entweder CuBr2/TPMA, FeBr3/Br−oder ein metallfreier Ansatz die kontrollierte Polymerisation aktivierte. Kettenverlängerungsexperimente funktionierten in allen drei Fällen und zeigten die Aktivität der Endgruppe für die Aktivierung der kontrollierten Blockcopolymerisation unter Verwendung vonMMAund Styren als Monomere. Die traditionelle radikalische Polymerisation unter Einsatz eines Diaryliodoniumsalzes als Coinitiator scheiterte.
α‐Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α‐Carbonyl Carbocation
Authors: Jia Hao , Ritter Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere we report an α‐thianthrenium carbonyl species, as the equivalent of an α‐carbonyl carbocation, which is generated by the radical conjugate addition of a trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salt to Michael acceptors. The reactivity allows for the synthesis of Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐ and β‐amino acid analogues via a Ritter reaction by addition of acetonitrile. Addition of hydroxide, methoxide, and even fluoride can afford α‐heteroatom substituted α‐phenylpropanoates.
Formation of Organic Acids and Carbonyl Compounds in n‐Butane Oxidation via γ‐Ketohydroperoxide Decomposition
Authors: Popolan‐Vaida Denisia M. , Eskola Arkke J. , Rotavera Brandon , Lockyear Jessica F. , Wang Zhandong , Sarathy S. Mani , Caravan Rebecca L. , Zádor Judit , Sheps Leonid , Lucassen Arnas , Moshammer Kai , Dagaut Philippe , Osborn David L. , Hansen Nils , Leone Stephen R. , Taatjes Craig A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA crucial chain‐branching step in autoignition is the decomposition of ketohydroperoxides (KHP) to form an oxy radical and OH. Other pathways compete with chain‐branching, such as “Korcek” dissociation of γ‐KHP to a carbonyl and an acid. Here we characterize the formation of a γ‐KHP and its decomposition to formic acid+acetone products from observations of n‐butane oxidation in two complementary experiments. In jet‐stirred reactor measurements, KHP is observed above 590 K. The KHP concentration decreases with increasing temperature, whereas formic acid and acetone products increase. Observation of characteristic isotopologs acetone‐d3 and formic acid‐d0 in the oxidation of CH3CD2CD2CH3 is consistent with a Korcek mechanism. In laser‐initiated oxidation experiments of n‐butane, formic acid and acetone are produced on the timescale of KHP removal. Modelling the time‐resolved production of formic acid provides an estimated upper limit of 2 s−1 for the rate coefficient of KHP decomposition to formic acid+acetone.
Central Unit Fluorination of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Enables Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Over 18 % Efficiency
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Liang Huazhe , Guo Ziqi , Zhu Yu , Zhang Zhe , Li Zhixiang , Cao Xiangjian , Wang Haohui , Feng Wanying , Zou Yalu , Meng Lingxian , Xu Xiaoyun , Kan Bin , Li Chenxi , Yao Zhaoyang , Wan Xiangjian , Ma Zaifei , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHalogenation of terminal of acceptors has been shown to give dramatic improvements in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Similar significant results could be expected from the halogenation of the central units of state‐of‐the‐art Y‐series acceptors. Herein, a pair of acceptors, termed CH6 and CH4, featuring a conjugation‐extended phenazine central unit with and without fluorination, have been synthesized. The fluorinated CH6 has enhanced molecular interactions and crystallinity, superior fibrillar network morphology and improved charge generation and transport in blend films, thus affording a higher PCE of 18.33 % for CH6‐based binary OSCs compared to 16.49 % for the non‐fluorinated CH4. The new central site offers further opportunities for structural optimization of Y‐series molecules to afford better‐performed OSCs and reveals the effectiveness of fluorination on central units.