bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation is not entrepreneurship, nor vice versa
Authors: Kahn Kenneth B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo tap into the potential opportunities offered by the phenomena of innovation and entrepreneurship, centers and programming labeled innovation and/or entrepreneurship have become prevalent on university campuses. While exciting, these centers and programming can muddle the demarcation between the two phenomena as centers for entrepreneurship pursue innovation and centers for innovation pursue entrepreneurship. Complicating the situation is a philosophical disagreement over whether one phenomenon subsumes the other or if they are distinguished. This article calls for greater attention to what constitutes innovation and entrepreneurship because a lack of understanding and clarity has the propensity to mis‐specify phenomena, and in turn, mis‐specify strategies and initiatives in practice, plus poses implications for how these phenomena are taught and researched at universities. Four specific areas that clearly distinguish innovation and entrepreneurship are the opportunity created, change orientation, risk incurred, and funding orientation. Innovation focuses on offering creation, reflects a breadth of change that includes incremental, contends with functional/technological risk (does the offering work), and attends to resource deployment. Entrepreneurship focuses on venture creation, emphasizes a need for radical (new and different) change, faces risks arounds getting the business/venture started, and is occupied with resource acquisition (securing funds). Distinguishing these two phenomena by way of these four areas provides needed definition and a demarcation around the domains associated with each phenomenon and exemplifies that what is essential for driving successful entrepreneurship will not automatically drive innovation, nor vice versa.
A screening study for COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients during the third wave of the pandemic
Authors: Er Berrin , Er Ahmet Görkem , Gülmez Dolunay , Şahin Taha Koray , Halaçlı Burçin , Durhan Gamze , Ersoy Ebru Ortaç , Alp Alpaslan , Metan Gökhan , Saribas Zeynep , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap , Hazırolan Gülşen , Akıncı Seda Banu , Arıyürek Macit , Topeli Arzu , Uzun Ömrüm 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been reported as an important cause of mortality in critically ill patients with an incidence rate ranging from 5% to 35% during the first and second pandemic waves.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors for CAPA by a screening protocol and outcome in the critically ill patients during the third wave of the pandemic.Patients/MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted in two intensive care units (ICU) designated for patients with COVID‐19 in a tertiary care university hospital between 18 November 2020 and 24 April 2021. SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive adult patients admitted to the ICU with respiratory failure were included in the study. Serum and respiratory samples were collected periodically from ICU admission up to CAPA diagnosis, patient discharge or death. ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria were used to diagnose and classify CAPA cases.ResultsA total of 302 patients were admitted to the two ICUs during the study period, and 213 were included in the study. CAPA was diagnosed in 43 (20.1%) patients (12.2% probable, 7.9% possible). In regression analysis, male sex, higher SOFA scores at ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation and longer ICU stay were significantly associated with CAPA development. Overall ICU mortality rate was higher significantly in CAPA group compared to those with no CAPA (67.4% vs 29.4%, p < .001).ConclusionsOne fifth of critically ill patients in COVID‐19 ICUs developed CAPA, and this was associated with a high mortality.
The Damage Mechanisms of Dark Hypoxic Stress on Photosystem II of Cymodocea rotundata
Authors: Zhang Tie , Che Xingkai , Li Hu , Zhang Litao , Liu Jianguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypoxic stress is a major threat to the survival of seagrass but its damage mechanism is unclear. In order to explore the causes of seagrass meadow decline due to hypoxia, the effects of hypoxia in the dark on photosystem II (PSII) of Cymodocea rotundata, a widely distributed seagrass in Indo‐Pacific area, were investigated in this study. The results show that dark hypoxic stress resulted in the inactivation of PSII reaction center, as well as the damage of PSII donor and acceptor sides in C. rotundata. These damages to PSII were not related to leaf senescence, but to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The lower the seawater oxygen content and the longer the hypoxic duration, the harder the recovery of PSII activity under dark normoxia because of dark hypoxia caused D1 protein injury. The interference of hypoxia on the AOX respiratory pathway is an important cause of the PSII damage under dark hypoxic stress. The PSII damage would result in a significant decrease in the photosynthetic activity, thereby affecting the growth and development of C. rotundata. Based on the above results, it is suggested that dark hypoxia may be an important cause of decline of C. rotundata meadow.
The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in canine platelet concentrates stored at 4°C
Authors: Ravicini Sara , Haines Jillian M. , Hwang Julianne K. , Wardrop K. Jane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess platelet storage lesion development as evaluated by measurement of metabolic markers, platelet activation markers, and aggregometry, and determine the occurrence of bacterial growth in platelets stored in platelet additive solution (PAS) at 4°C for 7 days.DesignProspective, ex vivo experimental controlled study.SettingResearch laboratory of a university veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsTen units of canine platelet concentrate collected from blood bank donations.InterventionsConcentrates were aliquoted into 4 separate bags containing 100% plasma (control) or 30% plasma and 70% of a PAS (Plasma‐Lyte A, Isoplate, or InterSol). Samples were stored at 4°C without agitation. At days 0, 3, 5, and 7, samples were analyzed for platelet count, mean platelet volume, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, Po2, Pco2, degree of swirling, aggregate formation, aggregation via light aggregometry, surface P‐selectin via flow cytometry, and bacterial contamination via culture.Measurements and Main ResultsDevelopment of storage lesions was minimal, demonstrated by maintenance of a mean pH > 7.2 and mean lactate values <6 mmol/L at day 7 in all solutions. Glucose utilization did not vary significantly between any of the solutions. No significant difference was found between plasma and PAS for Po2 and Pco2. P‐selectin expression measured via flow cytometry showed a low platelet activation percent in all the solutions. InterSol had the lowest mean maximum percent aggregation (P < 0.001) and Isoplate the highest (P < 0.05). The mean maximum percent aggregation increased between day 0 and day 7 in all solutions. No bacterial growth was found in any of the solutions.ConclusionsOverall, PASs were comparable to plasma for the cold storage of platelets. Cold‐stored platelets showed minimal storage lesion development with no bacterial growth. Plasma‐, Plasma‐Lyte A‐, and Isoplate‐stored platelets maintained function for up to 7 days at 4°C.
Mechanics of Biological Membranes in the Presence of Proteins and Implications for Their Thermal Fluctuations Behavior
Authors: Krichen Sana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pure lipid bilayers are frequently used to mimic membranes that enclose living cells. However, real biological membranes are highly heterogeneous and have a complex structure. The so-called Helfrich Hamiltonian is frequently used to characterize the mechanical behavior of such membranes. Thermal fluctuations and, in general, statistical mechanics are used to explain a variety of cellular behaviors, but are very difficult to carry out in the case heterogeneous membranes. We propose to use a homogenized Hamiltonian that accounts for the presence of proteins to simplify the statistical mechanics analysis of realistic biological membranes. We recognize that (i) the effective Hamiltonian structure itself may be different from what is used for a homogeneous lipid bilayer and (ii) experimental evidence indicates that rigid proteins may introduce both stiffening and softening in the membrane. We consider generalized boundary conditions at the protein–lipid interface within the Helfrich Hamiltonian as a simple route to capture the protein membrane specificity and to account for both softening and stiffening due to rigid proteins. We postulate that real biological membranes require an effective elastic energy form that is far more complex than what is conventionally used and also propose to add a nonlocal elastic energy functional. The new augmented Helfrich Hamiltonian, in a mean-field setting, accounts for the presence of proteins by capturing their short- and long-range effects. Finally, by using the developed effective field theory, we present statistical mechanics results that illustrate the effect of proteins on the interaction between fluctuating membranes.
Condition Monitoring of Machine Tool Feed Drives: A Review
Authors: Butler Quade , Ziada Youssef , Stephenson David , Andrew Gadsden S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe innovations propelling the manufacturing industry towards Industry 4.0 have begun to maneuver into machine tools. Machine tool maintenance primarily concerns the feed drives used for workpiece and tool positioning. Condition monitoring of feed drives is the intermediate step between smart data acquisition and evaluating machine health through diagnostics and prognostics. This review outlines the techniques and methods that recent research presents for feed drive condition monitoring, diagnostics and prognostics. The methods are distinguished between being sensorless and sensor-based, as well as between signal-, model-, and machine learning-based techniques. Close attention is given to the components of feed drives (ball screws, linear guideways, and rotary axes) and the most notable parameters used for monitoring. Commercial and industry solutions to Industry 4.0 condition monitoring are described and detailed. The review is concluded with a brief summary and the observed research gaps.
Recent Advances on Cryogenic Assistance in Drilling Operation: A Critical Review
Authors: Liu Hongguang , Birembaux Hélène , Ayed Yessine , Rossi Frédéric , Poulachon Gérard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Drilling operation with cryogenic assistance is beneficial toward solving critical issues in machining difficult-to-cut materials and structures, especially in terms of improving surface integrity, elongating tool life, sustainability, and so on for providing high-performance components in aerospace industries. This article presents an overview of the state of the art on this technique in recent years. It aims at analyzing its requirements and orient future directions. It starts with a summary concerning its application for different categories of work materials, including metals, composites, and hybrid stacks. Then, the main methodologies of numerical modeling and experimental characterization toward understanding the fundamentals are reviewed. The goal is to present a general view of current approaches, discuss their advantages, and disadvantages to understand the requirements toward future work. In addition, impacts of cryogenic drilling on cutting performance are reviewed in terms of thermomechanical loadings, surface integrity, tool wear, and sustainability. Finally, a brief summary is presented from different perspectives, and an outlook is recommended for future orientations.
Data Fusion With Latent Map Gaussian Processes
Authors: Eweis-Labolle Jonathan Tammer , Oune Nicholas , Bostanabad Ramin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multi-fidelity modeling and calibration are data fusion tasks that ubiquitously arise in engineering design. However, there is currently a lack of general techniques that can jointly fuse multiple data sets with varying fidelity levels while also estimating calibration parameters. To address this gap, we introduce a novel approach that, using latent-map Gaussian processes (LMGPs), converts data fusion into a latent space learning problem where the relations among different data sources are automatically learned. This conversion endows our approach with some attractive advantages such as increased accuracy and reduced overall costs compared to existing techniques that need to take a combinatorial approach to fuse multiple datasets. Additionally, we have the flexibility to jointly fuse any number of data sources and the ability to visualize correlations between data sources. This visualization allows an analyst to detect model form errors or determine the optimum strategy for high-fidelity emulation by fitting LMGP only to the sufficiently correlated data sources. We also develop a new kernel that enables LMGPs to not only build a probabilistic multi-fidelity surrogate but also estimate calibration parameters with quite a high accuracy and consistency. The implementation and use of our approach are considerably simpler and less prone to numerical issues compared to alternate methods. Through analytical examples, we demonstrate the benefits of learning an interpretable latent space and fusing multiple (in particular more than two) sources of data.
Co-Design of the Morphology and Actuation of Soft Robots for Locomotion
Authors: van Diepen Merel , Shea Kristina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the field of soft robotics has received considerable attention due to its potential in increasing the safety of human-robot interaction. The design of soft robots possesses great challenges. For example, the longstanding challenge of co-design morphology and actuation makes designing them by hand a trial-and-error process. Earlier work presented by the authors proposes a computational design synthesis (CDS) method for the automated design of virtual, soft locomotion robot morphologies. This work extends the CDS method for morphologies with the automated co-design of actuation. Two methods are considered. In the first method, the actuation of designs is described by parametric actuation curves (PACs) that model feedforward actuation patterns. For every morphology in the design process, a set of PACs is optimized that assumes symmetric and cyclic gaits. The second method, soft actor-critic (SAC) reinforcement learning, removes this assumption as well as models feedback control for comparison. Adding PAC optimization to the CDS method is shown to improve the performance of the resulting designs and to achieve better results within less design iterations. SAC is, however, deemed less effective, due to the need for design specific problem tuning for each new morphology. The SAC experiments also show that the best found soft robot gaits are symmetric and cyclic, although this is not a constraint in the SAC problem formulation, thus verifying the assumptions made in the PAC formulation. To validate the search space modeled in the co-design CDS method, a state-of-the-art soft robot is replicated and compared.
Gas Turbine Combustion Optimization Using Neural Network Model and Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Jia Keyu , Li Suhui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rapid development in data science provides new methods for combustion tuning. This paper describes an artificial neural network (ANN) model that can accurately predict the key parameters in gas turbine combustion tuning and optimization, including NOx emission, combustor vibrational acceleration (ACC), and combustor dynamic pressure (DP). Wavelet denoising method was used in data preprocessing to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which greatly improved the prediction accuracy of the neural network model. A combustion tuning simulation was then conducted to optimize NOx emissions using the acquired accurate mappings. By adjusting controllable parameters, optimization can be realized within necessary constraints. The effects of user-defined initialization parameters in the simulation were investigated for fast combustion tuning. An operating window was given considering the tradeoff between optimization results and computing time.
Early incubation and prolonged maturation of large ignimbrite magma bodies: Evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado, USA
Authors: Lipman Peter W. , Zimmerer Matthew J. , Gilmer Amy K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Clusters of early central volcanoes in the mid-Cenozoic Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (SRMVF; southwestern Colorado, USA) record sites of initial magmatic focusing that led to assembly of sizable upper-crustal magma bodies capable of generating large ignimbrites. Peak growth at precursor andesitic volcanoes was followed by extended periods (0.5 to &gt;2 m.y.) of reduced eruptive activity during inferred prolonged incubation of the crustal reservoir prior to eruption of ignimbrites at the San Juan magmatic locus, as exemplified by the 5000 km3 Fish Canyon Tuff and associated La Garita caldera. After a magma system became thermally mature and compositionally evolved, additional large ignimbrites could erupt more rapidly from polycyclic calderas. In contrast, incubation times for smaller ignimbrite magmas, as at Crater Lake, Oregon, were briefer than for San Juan systems. Plutonic counterparts to the temporal-compositional assembly of arc-ignimbrite magmas are exemplified by incrementally emplaced granitoid intrusions like the Mesozoic Tuolumne complex in the Sierra Nevada.
Comparison of the Pipeline embolisation device alone or combined with coiling for treatment of different sizes of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Wang Chao , Luo Bin , Li Tianxiao , Maimaitili Aisha , Mao Guohua , Song Donglei , Wang Yunyan , Feng Wenfeng , Wang Yang , Shi Huaizhang , Wan Jieqing , Liu Jianmin , Guan Sheng , Zhao Yuanli , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare complications and outcomes between intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline embolisation device (PED) alone or with PED combined with coiling for different-sized aneurysms.MethodPatients with aneurysms treated by PED were collected from the PED in China postmarket multicentre registry study. We performed a propensity match analysis to compare the efficacy and safety between PED alone and PED combined with coiling treatment, and then aneurysms were organised into three groups based on their size: small (≤7 mm), medium (≤15 mm to >7 mm) and large/giant (>15 mm). Complications and aneurysm occlusion rates in the aneurysm size groups were compared between PED alone and PED combined with coiling patients.ResultA total of 1171 patients with 1322 aneurysms were included. All patients received clinical follow-up, while angiographic follow-up was available in 967 aneurysms. For small aneurysms, there was no difference in the aneurysm occlusion rate between two groups (79.1% vs 88.4%, respectively), while there was a significant increase in the ischaemic complication rate (8.3% vs 19.3%, respectively, p=0.0001). For medium and large/giant saccular aneurysms, PED combined with coiling significantly improved the occlusion rate (medium aneurysms: 74.7% vs 88.8%, respectively, p<0.0001; large/giant saccular aneurysms: 72.9% vs 86.9%, respectively, p=0.018), while there were no differences in the total complication rate. For large/giant non-saccular aneurysms, two groups showed no differences.ConclusionUse of the PED with adjunctive coils can significantly improve the occlusion rate of medium aneurysms, without increasing the total complication rate.
Cosmological sudden singularities in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Gonçalves Tiago B. , Rosa João Luís , Lobo Francisco S. N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study the possibility of finite-time future cosmological singularities appearing in f(R, T) gravity, where R is the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the stress-energy tensor. We present the theory in both the geometrical and the dynamically equivalent scalar–tensor representation and obtain the respective equations of motion. In a background Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) universe with an arbitrary curvature and for a generic $$C^\infty $$

C
∞

function f(R, T), we prove that the conservation of the stress-energy tensor prevents the appearance of sudden singularities in the cosmological context at any order in the time-derivatives of the scale factor. However, if this assumption is dropped, the theory allows for sudden singularities to appear at the level of the third time-derivative of the scale factor a(t), which are compensated by divergences in either the first time-derivatives of the energy density $$\rho (t)$$

ρ
(
t
)

or the isotropic pressure p(t). For these cases, we introduce a cosmological model featuring a sudden singularity that is consistent with the current measurements for the cosmological parameters, namely, the Hubble constant, deceleration parameter, and age of the universe, and provide predictions for the still unmeasured jerk and snap parameters. Finally, we analyse the constraints on a particular model of the function f(R, T) that guarantees that the system evolves in a direction favorable to the energy conditions at the divergence time.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Chang H.-H. , Wei L.-W. , Huang H.-L. , Chang H.-Y. , Wang H. Paul 
Published: May 2022

Continuously increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have given rise to great concerns about climate change. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to chemicals by solar energy is considered a green and sustainable process. Interactions between CO2 molecules and photocatalysts surfaces are the key factors that affect photocatalytic reduction efficiency. Thus, a better understanding of their reactive species on the TiO2 nanotube (TNT) surfaces by in situ FTIR spectroscopy was studied in the present work. The FTIR absorbance features at 1303[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 1393[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] were associated with carbonate species, e.g., bidentate carbonate on the TNT. Complete desorption of CO2 from the TNT occurred at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K. The carboxylate species that were adsorbed on the TNT may conduct the surface reactions enhanced by UV–Vis light to yield low carbon chemicals.