bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions and degradation on their concentrations in Tokyo from 2007 and 2016
Authors: Shimada Kojiro , Nohchi Masayuki , Maeshima Koji , Uchino Tomonori , Kobayashi Yusuke , Ono Kazuki , Ogata Hiroko , Katsumi Naoya , Inazu Koji , Okochi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosol were measured in Shinjuku, which is central Tokyo, Japan, for 10 years from 2007 to 2016. The effects of changes in emission sources and their degradation by reaction with ozone were assessed in this study. There was no significant increasing or decreasing trend of the PAH concentrations during 10 years (P > 0.05). The average selected seven the PAH concentrations (0.88 ng m−3) during 10 years was lower than those in New York and Paris. However, the trend of ozone concentrations is increasing in central Tokyo. This inconsistency raises a question. Did the fact that the ozone concentration was higher than the PAH concentrations promote PAH degradation? To apportion the PAH sources, we used PAH concentration profiles and positive matrix factorization analysis. The contribution of vehicle emissions to the PAHs ranged from 40 to 80%. Ozone concentrations increased by 3.70%/year during 10 years. The theoretical degradation rates of PAHs by ozone, which were calculated using a pseudo-first-order rate equation, suggested that the lifetimes of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) decreased by 1 min from 2007 to 2016. We investigated the aging of BaP using the profile of the isomer ratios. We found that the aging of BaP at the urban and roadside sites were nearly identical indicating aging regardless of the season. Although the decomposition of BaP is promoted by the photochemical oxidation reaction, this result suggests that a certain threshold value exists as the degree of the decomposition. This degradation of PAH can improve chemical loss processes in air quality model.
Searching for optimal machine learning model to classify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes using multimodal MRI data
Authors: Jitsuishi Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe intervention at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is promising for preventing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aims to search for the optimal machine learning (ML) model to classify early and late MCI (EMCI and LMCI) subtypes using multimodal MRI data. First, the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses showed LMCI-related white matter changes in the Corpus Callosum. The ROI-based tractography addressed the connected cortical areas by affected callosal fibers. We then prepared two feature subsets for ML by measuring resting-state functional connectivity (TBSS-RSFC method) and graph theory metrics (TBSS-Graph method) in these cortical areas, respectively. We also prepared feature subsets of diffusion parameters in the regions of LMCI-related white matter alterations detected by TBSS analyses. Using these feature subsets, we trained and tested multiple ML models for EMCI/LMCI classification with cross-validation. Our results showed the ensemble ML model (AdaBoost) with feature subset of diffusion parameters achieved better performance of mean accuracy 70%. The useful brain regions for classification were those, including frontal, parietal lobe, Corpus Callosum, cingulate regions, insula, and thalamus regions. Our findings indicated the optimal ML model using diffusion parameters might be effective to distinguish LMCI from EMCI subjects at the prodromal stage of AD.
Offshore wind power station (OWPS) site selection using a two-stage MCDM-based spherical fuzzy set approach
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Nguyen Ngoc-Ai-Thy , Dang Thanh-Tuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn response to challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change to achieve the goal of ensuring sustainable economic growth, offshore wind power development not only provides a clean and sustainable source of energy but also provides opportunities for economic growth and job creation. Offshore wind energy projects have been promptly suggested in Vietnam due to policy advancement, with the country's excellent wind resources. The success of an offshore wind energy project is decided mainly by choosing the best location for offshore wind power station (OWPS) construction, which is a complex multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem with the coexistence of conflicting factors. There is a problem with incomplete decision information use and information loss during the decision-making process, and it is easy to overlook the interaction difficulty in a fuzzy environment. To address the complex nature of the prioritization problem posed, this study proposes a hybrid MCDM framework combining the spherical fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (SF-AHP) and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS). SF-AHP is used in the first stage to determine the significance levels of OWPS evaluation criteria. WASPAS is then utilized to rank locations of OWPS. A comprehensive set of evaluation criteria developed based on the concept of sustainable development has been recognized by reviewing the literature review and interviewing experts to practice the two-stage MCDM model. A real case study for Vietnam is conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. The best location schemes have been determined by using the decision framework. The results of the sensitivity analysis and a comparison analysis demonstrate that the decision framework is practical and robust. The proposed methodology can be used to attain a decision-making process at the regional level for offshore wind farm planning and coastal development, and the study results encourage the establishment of renewable energy development policies.
Ecological remediation strategy for urban brownfield renewal in Sichuan Province, China: a health risk evaluation perspective
Authors: Zhao Weike , Liao Yuanpei , Zhou Shengqiu , Zhou Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUrban brownfield sites are abandoned industrial land and their redevelopment may be affected by environmental pollution, as the latter may pose health risks for residents. In this study, six heavy metals (Pb, As, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cu) were examined from 87 soil samples extracted from four land use types (industrial area, residential/commercial area, traffic area, and agricultural area) in the Mianyang thermal power plant area, Sichuan Province, China. The soil contamination and environmental risk were evaluated using the single factor index, geo-accumulation index and Human Health Risk Evaluation. ArcGIS was used to map out the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations and environmental risk. The results of these analyses have indicated that different land use types have significant effects on the heavy metal contamination of soil. There are 10 non-carcinogenic risk areas of heavy metals in industrial land, while in the other three types there are 9 non-carcinogenic risk areas of heavy metals. Under the brownfield renewal planning, the present study scheme provides an effective method of discernment for ecological remediation of soil heavy metals. In addition, it can aid brownfield in finding different remediation strategies with economic benefits for different risk levels of human health.
Dysbiotic change in gastric microbiome and its functional implication in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Seo Hochan , Kang Chil-Sung , Shin Tae-Seop , Kim Jong Won , Park Joong-Min , Kim Jae Gyu , Kim Yoon-Keun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough there is a growing interest in the role of gastric microbiome on the development of gastric cancer, the exact mechanism is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the changes of gastric microbiome during gastric carcinogenesis, and to predict the functional potentials of the microbiome involved in the cancer development. The gastric microbiome was analyzed using gastric juice samples from 88 prospectively enrolled patients, who were classified into gastritis, gastric adenoma, or early/advanced gastric cancer group. Differences in microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene profiling, using next-generation sequencing method. Metagenomic biomarkers were selected using logistic regression models, based on relative abundances at genus level. We used Tax4Fun to predict possible functional pathways of gastric microbiome involved in the carcinogenesis. The microbial diversity continuously decreased in its sequential process of gastric carcinogenesis, from gastritis to gastric cancer. The microbial composition was significantly different among the four groups of each disease status, as well as between the cancer group and non-cancer group. Gastritis group was differently enriched with genera Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 Group, whereas the cancer group was enriched with Lactobacillus and Veillonella. Predictive analysis of the functional capacity of the microbiome suggested enrichment or depletion of several functional pathways related to carcinogenesis in the cancer group. There are significant changes in the diversity and composition of gastric microbiome during the gastric carcinogenesis process. Gastric cancer was characterized with microbial dysbiosis, along with functional changes potentially favoring carcinogenesis.
A computational study of red blood cell deformability effect on hemodynamic alteration in capillary vessel networks
Authors: Ebrahimi Saman , Bagchi Prosenjit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCapillary blood vessels, the smallest vessels in the body, form an intricate network with constantly bifurcating, merging and winding vessels. Red blood cells (RBCs) must navigate through such complex microvascular networks in order to maintain tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Normal, healthy RBCs are extremely deformable and able to easily flow through narrow vessels. However, RBC deformability is reduced in many pathological conditions and during blood storage. The influence of reduced cell deformability on microvascular hemodynamics is not well established. Here we use a high-fidelity, 3D computational model of blood flow that retains exact geometric details of physiologically realistic microvascular networks, and deformation of every one of nearly a thousand RBCs flowing through the networks. We predict that reduced RBC deformability alters RBC trafficking with significant and heterogeneous changes in hematocrit. We quantify such changes along with RBC partitioning and lingering at vascular bifurcations, perfusion and vascular resistance, and wall shear stress. We elucidate the cellular-scale mechanisms that cause such changes. We show that such changes arise primarily due to the altered RBC dynamics at vascular bifurcations, as well as cross-stream migration. Less deformable cells tend to linger less at majority of bifurcations increasing the fraction of RBCs entering the higher flow branches. Changes in vascular resistance also seen to be heterogeneous and correlate with hematocrit changes. Furthermore, alteration in RBC dynamics is shown to cause localized changes in wall shear stress within vessels and near vascular bifurcations. Such heterogeneous and focal changes in hemodynamics may be the cause of morphological abnormalities in capillary vessel networks as observed in several diseases.
Effects of PMMA spacer loaded with varying vancomycin concentrations on bone regeneration in the Masquelet technique
Authors: Xie Jie , Wang Wu , Fan Xiaolei , Li Hui , Wang Haoyi , Liao Runzhi , Hu Yihe , Zeng Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhether antibiotics should be included remains greatly debated in Masquelet technique. This study intended to determine the effect of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer loaded with different vancomycin concentrations on bone defect repair. Hollow cylindrical spacers consisting of PMMA and varying vancomycin concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g) were prepared. Critical bone defects of rabbits were created at the radial shaft, and spacers were implanted and subsequently intramedullary fixed with retrograde Kirschner’s wires (n = 4 for each vancomycin concentration). After 4 weeks, the induced membranes were opened and cancellous allografts were implanted into the defects. Eight weeks post-operatively, the results of X-ray, histology, and micro-CT revealed that some cortical bone was formed to bridge the gap and the bone marrow cavity was formed over time. Quantitatively, there was more new bone formation in the groups with a relatively lower vancomycin concentration (1–4 g) compared with that in the groups with a higher vancomycin concentration (6–10 g). Our findings suggested that PMMA spacers loaded with relatively lower vancomycin concentrations (1–4 g) did not interfere with new bone formation, whereas spacers loaded with relatively higher vancomycin concentrations (6–10 g) had negative effects on bone formation.
Ultrathin perovskite derived Ir-based nanosheets for high-performance electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Liu Shangheng , Zhang Yingtian , Mao Xinnan , Li Ling , Zhang Ying , Li Leigang , Pan Yu , Li Xingang , Wang Lu , Shao Qi , Xu Yong , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2022

2D ultrathin capping agent-free Ir-based nanosheets have been fabricated via a facile strategy by thermally treating ZnIr(OH)6 perovskite hydroxide, which can serve as promising electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
Paradoxical effects of osteoprotegerin on vascular function: inhibiting inflammation while promoting oxidative stress?
Authors: Le Nhat-Tu , Olmsted-Davis Elizabeth A. , Abe Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B, is well known as a modulator of bone remodeling. The contribution of OPG to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested, but its molecular mechanism is complex and remains unclear. In the present study, Alves-Lopes et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2021) 135(20): https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20210643) reported the critical role of syndecan-1 (SDC-1, also known as CD138), a surface protein part of the endothelial glycocalyx, in OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. The authors found that in endothelial cells (ECs), through SDC-1, OPG increased eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting eNOS activity. Furthermore, the OPG–SDC-1 interaction increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through NOX1/4 activation. Both the reduced eNOS activity and induced ROS production inhibited NO production and impaired EC function. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the OPG–SDC-1 interaction increased ROS production through NOX1/4 activation, subsequently increased MLC phosphorylation-mediated Rho kinase-MYPT1 regulation, leading to increased vascular contraction. Ultilizing wire myography and mechanistic studies, the authors nicely provide the evidence that SDC-1 plays a crucial role in OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. As we mentioned above, the molecular mechanism and roles of OPG in cardiovascular system are complex and somewhat confusing. In this commentary, we briefly summarize the OPG-mediated signaling pathways in cardiovascular system.
Counseling Clients With Dysphagia: A Resource for Clinicians
Authors: Lawton Jolene 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
It is well documented that dysphagia can negatively impact a person's quality of life. Little, if any, formal training is given to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in counseling this population. Included in this clinical focus article is an overview of counseling techniques, both those that are more commonly covered in speech-language pathology literature and several techniques not found in the speech-language pathology literature. Suggestions for practical application of counseling techniques are provided, with hypothetical examples related to this client population. The clinical focus article aims to serve as a tool for clinicians seeking more information about counseling people with dysphagia.

Conclusions:
There is a clear need for counseling skills when working with people with dysphagia and their caregivers. Opportunities for counseling clients with dysphagia include breaking bad news, navigating negative thoughts and feelings about their dysphagia, and counseling the caregiver. Existing counseling approaches can be applied, but clinicians need to learn how to implement them competently. Counseling our clients promotes person-centered care and may be an important first step in helping to improve a person's quality of life.
Medical image super‐resolution using correlation filter interleaved progressive convolution network (CFIPC)
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Shrivastava Bhavana Prakash 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn medical image diagnosis, performance is affected because of degradation in image resolution, imaging equipment and imaging parameters. Currently, deep learning has gained much attention from researchers due to its capability to maintain perceptual quality after reconstruction. Therefore, this letter is motivated by the advantages of deep learning and proposes a novel model termed as the correlation filter interleaved progressive convolution network (CFIPC). In this letter, dilated convolution interleaved with a correlation filter expands the receptive field without any pixel information losses. The result analysis was performed on DRIVE, CHASEB1, MRI, ultrasound and histopathological dataset medical datasets at 2x/4x/8x/16x upscaling factors and achieved the highest PSNR/SSIM value of 50.54/0.9986 at a 2x upscaling factor on the histopathological dataset.
Experimental verification of the potential of superhydrophobic surfaces in reducing audible noise on HVAC overhead line conductors
Authors: Zhang Xu , Cotton Ian , Li Qi , Rowland Simon M. , Emersic Christopher , Lian Chengxing , Li Wenyuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOverhead line conductors can generate audible noise across a wide frequency spectrum as a result of elevated electric fields at the conductor surface. Such fields are enhanced by the presence of surface defects, insects, water drops and pollution. Within this paper, the impact of a superhydrophobic coating on the audible noise produced by an overhead line conductor is examined. Noise levels from a conductor coated with a superhydrophobic coating were compared to those from a bare conductor in a semi‐anechoic chamber. The conductors were energised at voltages to provide surface electric fields ranging from 6 kV/cm to 21 kV/cm (rms). With a continuous water spray system depositing droplets on the conductor surface, the frequency domain sound pressure level, overall sound pressure levels and corona discharge magnitude were measured. It is demonstrated that the use of a superhydrophobic coating reduced audible noise levels and corona discharge magnitude, especially at electric fields above 14 kV/cm. The image analysis suggests that the water drop size distribution and the position of surface droplets on the conductor circumference play an important role in the magnitude of audible noise.
Image classification using convolutional neural network with wavelet domain inputs
Authors: Wang Luyuan , Sun Yankui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommonly used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) usually compress high‐resolution input images. Although it reduces the computation requirements into a reasonable range, the downsampling operation causes information loss, which affects the accuracy of image classification. How to adopt high‐resolution image inputs to improve the quality of input information and thus improve the classification accuracy without changing the overall structure of the pre‐defined CNN model or increasing the model parameters is an important issue. Here, a CNN model with wavelet domain inputs is proposed to provide a solving scheme. Specifically, the proposed method applies wavelet packet transform or dual‐tree complex wavelet transform to extract information from input images with higher resolutions in the image pre‐processing stage. Some subband image channels are selected as the inputs of conventional CNNs where the first several convolutional layers are removed, so that the networks directly learn in the wavelet domain. Experiment results on the Caltech‐256 dataset and the Describable Textures Dataset with the ResNet‐50 show that the classification accuracy of our method can have a maximum improvement of 2.15% and 10.26%, respectively. These validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. This code is publicly available at https://github.com/BeBeBerr/wavelet‐cnn.
Unsupervised person re‐identification by part‐compensated soft multi‐label learning
Authors: Yang Weiping , Zhang De 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost existing re‐ID models are developed based on supervised learning, which relies on plenty of manually labelled pairwise data for training. However, in many practical applications, such deep re‐ID models are not scalable because of lacking sufficient annotated data. To address this problem, the superiority of unsupervised person re‐ID methods have been reported and become more popular recently. In this paper, an unsupervised framework based on part‐compensated soft multi‐label learning is presented, which aims to explore the potential label information for unlabelled persons through mining both global and part level visual features. This re‐ID framework is mainly composed of global clustering, part clustering and multi‐label assignment. During clustering process, the results of part‐level clustering are compensated into global clustering, allowing the network to learn more detailed information of pedestrians. Meanwhile, fuzzy clustering is used to generate soft multi‐labels instead of commonly used single‐label clustering. To further optimize the model, a cross‐domain excitation parameter is introduced to relieve the background interference arising in the inter‐domain view intersection. The proposed approach is evaluated on three public datasets, including Market‐1501, DukeMTMC‐reID, and MSMT17. Extensive experiments are carried out and this network can outperform the state‐of‐the‐art unsupervised re‐ID models.
A novel analog controller design scheme for LLC resonant converter used in battery charging application
Authors: Saadati Masoud , Ghayebloo Abbas , Taheri Asghar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new generation of batteries must be charged according to the charging curves recommended by battery manufacturers. For high reliability, low cost, high speed, and pulse by pulse protection ability, the controller of these chargers are commonly designed by analog circuits. Analog controllers can be implemented by internal circuits of analog controller ICs with additional passive elements. This paper proposes a controller design approach for battery charger applications with an LLC converter. The proposed approach stands on a novel method for applying the well‐known least‐squares (LS) identification method for designing the classic controller with changing the identification problem to the design problem. Compared with other methods, the proposed approach benefits from design a controller with desired structure and desired performance, simultaneously. Here, modelling of LLC converter has been carried out by the first harmonic approximation (FHA) method. For controller design, the linear model has been extracted by linearizing the non‐linear FHA model. In addition, for providing the reduced switching losses and increased efficiency, the passive elements of the resonance tank and isolation transformer ratio have been designed to operate the converter in the zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) region. To verify the controller and designed converter, some simulation and experimental results are provided.