bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐band multi‐shot diffusion MRI reconstruction with joint usage of structured low‐rank constraints and explicit phase mapping
Authors: Dai Erpeng , Mani Merry , McNab Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo develop a joint reconstruction method for multi‐band multi‐shot diffusion MRI.Theory and MethodsMulti‐band
multi‐shot EPI acquisition is an effective approach for high‐resolution diffusion MRI, but requires specific algorithms to correct the inter‐shot phase variations. The phase correction can be done by first estimating the explicit phase map and then feeding it into the k‐space signal formulation model. Alternatively, the phase information can be used indirectly as structured low‐rank constraints in k‐space. The 2 methods differ in reconstruction accuracy and efficiency. We aim to combine the 2 different approaches for improved image quality and reconstruction efficiency simultaneously, termed “joint usage of structured low‐rank constraints and explicit phase mapping” (JULEP). The proposed JULEP reconstruction is tested on both single‐band and multi‐band, multi‐shot diffusion data, with different resolutions and
b
values. The results of JULEP are compared with conventional methods with explicit phase mapping (i.e., multiplexed sensitivity‐encoding [MUSE]) and structured low‐rank constraints (i.e., MUSSELS), and another joint reconstruction method (i.e., network estimated artifacts for tempered reconstruction [NEATR]).ResultsJULEP improves the quality of the navigator and subsequently facilitates the reconstruction of final diffusion images. Compared with all 3 other methods (MUSE, MUSSELS, and NEATR), JULEP mitigates residual structural bias and improves temporal SNRs in the final diffusion image, particularly at high multi‐band factors. Compared with MUSSELS, JULEP also improves computational efficiency.ConclusionThe proposed JULEP method significantly improves the image quality and reconstruction efficiency of multi‐band multi‐shot diffusion MRI, which can promote a broader application of high‐resolution diffusion MRI.
Prospective motion correction in kidney MRI using FID navigators
Authors: Ariyurek Cemre , Wallace Tess E. , Kober Tobias , Kurugol Sila , Afacan Onur 
Published: September 2022

PurposeAbdominal MRI scans may require breath‐holding to prevent image quality degradation, which can be challenging for patients, especially children. In this study, we evaluate whether FID navigators can be used to measure and correct for motion prospectively, in real‐time.MethodsFID navigators were inserted into a 3D radial sequence with stack‐of‐stars sampling. MRI experiments were conducted on 6 healthy volunteers. A calibration scan was first acquired to create a linear motion model that estimates the kidney displacement due to respiration from the FID navigator signal. This model was then applied to predict and prospectively correct for motion in real time during deep and continuous deep breathing scans. Resultant images acquired with the proposed technique were compared with those acquired without motion correction. Dice scores were calculated between inhale/exhale motion states. Furthermore, images acquired using the proposed technique were compared with images from extra‐dimensional golden‐angle radial sparse parallel, a retrospective motion state binning technique.ResultsImages reconstructed for each motion state show that the kidneys' position could be accurately tracked and corrected with the proposed method. The mean of Dice scores computed between the motion states were improved from 0.93 to 0.96 using the proposed technique. Depiction of the kidneys was improved in the combined images of all motion states. Comparing results of the proposed technique and extra‐dimensional golden‐angle radial sparse parallel, high‐quality images can be reconstructed from a fraction of spokes using the proposed method.ConclusionThe proposed technique reduces blurriness and motion artifacts in kidney imaging by prospectively correcting their position both in‐plane and through‐slice.
Analysis of progressive fracture in fluid‐saturated porous medium using splines
Authors: Chen Lin , de Borst René 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPowell‐Sabin B‐splines are employed to model progressive fracturing in a fluid‐saturated porous medium. These splines are defined on triangles and are ‐continuous throughout the domain, including the crack tips, so that crack initiation can be evaluated directly at the tip. On one hand, the method captures stresses and fluid fluxes more accurately than when using standard Lagrange elements, enabling a direct assessment of the fracture criterion at the crack tip and ensuring local mass conservation. On the other hand, the method avoids limitations for discrete crack analysis which adhere to isogeometric analysis. A crack is introduced directly in the physical domain. Due to the use of triangles, remeshing and crack path tracking are straightforward. During remeshing transfer of state vectors (displacement, fluid pressure) is required from the old to the new mesh. The transfer is done using a new approach which exploits a least‐squares fit with the energy balance and conservation of mass as constraints. The versatility and accuracy to simulate free crack propagation are assessed for mode‐I and mixed‐mode fracture problems.
The impact of social rhythm and sleep disruptions on waist circumference after job loss: A prospective 18‐month study
Authors: Haynes Patricia L. , Howe George W. , Silva Graciela E. , Quan Stuart F. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Glickenstein David A. , Sherrill Duane , Gengler Devan N. , Yingst April , Mayer Candace , Rojo‐Wissar Darlynn M. , Kobayashi Ume , Hoang Matthew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study prospectively examined change in waist circumference (WC) as a function of daily social rhythms and sleep in the aftermath of involuntary job loss. It was hypothesized that disrupted social rhythms and fragmented/short sleep after job loss would independently predict gains in WC over 18 months and that resiliency to WC gain would be conferred by the converse.MethodsEligible participants (n = 191) completed six visits that included standardized measurements of WC. At the baseline visit, participants completed the social rhythm metric and daily sleep diary and wore an actigraph on their nondominant wrist each day for a period of 2 weeks.ResultsWhen controlling for obesity and other covariates, WC trajectories decreased for individuals with more consistent social rhythms, more activities in their sdiocial rhythms, and higher sleep quality after job loss. WC trajectories did not change for individuals with lower scores on these indicators.ConclusionsThe frequency and consistency of social rhythms after job loss play a key role in WC loss. These findings support the implementation of social rhythm interventions after job loss, a potentially sensitive time for the establishment of new daily routines that have an impact on metabolic health.
Effects of functionalized graphene oxide modified sizing agent on the interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Cai Guangbin , Yan Chun , Liu Dong , Xu Haibing , Lu Jiateng , Chen Gang , Chen Mingda , Zhu Yingdan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel functionalized graphene oxide (F‐GO) modified polyamide 6 (PA6) sizing agent is developed to improve the interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced PA6 composites. To enhance compatibility between GO and sizing agent, PA6 molecular chains are covalently grafted onto the GO sheets in advance. The results show that the F‐GO modified sizing layer improves interfacial compatibility and wettability of the CF surface. Moreover, F‐GO nanoparticles retard crack propagation along the interface based on the reinforcement effect. Accordingly, the interfacial shear strength increases by 54.5% from 45.1 MPa for desized CF/PA6 composites to 69.7 MPa for F‐GO modified sizing agent treated CF/PA6 composites. Meanwhile, the average interlaminar shear strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength increase by 45.2%, 15.6%, and 19.3% from 45.7, 1307.4, and 792.2 MPa for desized CF/PA6 composites to 66.3, 1511.2, and 945.2 MPa for those reinforced with the CFs treated by the F‐GO modified sizing agent due to the effective stress transfer across the interface. The improvement in the mechanical properties is verified based on the cross‐section morphology and fracture surfaces.
An Aesthetic Frame for Three Modes of Knowing
Authors: Bao Yan , Zhang Dongxue , Zhao Chen , Pöppel Ernst , Zabotkina Vera 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis is the claim: Human knowledge expresses itself in three different modes: explicit, implicit, and sensory (e.g., visual) knowledge. The reference to knowledge as explicit knowledge only (as it is usually done) neglects the other modes of knowledge. Instead of using the noun “knowledge,” it is suggested that we use “knowing” as a term to stress the active mode in cognition. The three modes of knowing are reflected in different mechanisms of cognitive and neural processing; these can already be observed in classical documents of humankind. This unity of the different modes of knowing can also be extracted from cultural artifacts such as poetry. Although possessing different characteristics, the three modes of knowing are related to each other in a complementary way, thus providing an integrative network for cognition. We suggest that a unifying frame of the modes of knowing lies in aesthetic principles. These different modes of knowing with their unifying frame reflect some general features of cognition. We stress that basic concepts in “artificial or machine intelligence” do not match at all human modes of knowing.
Bactericidal effects of plasma‐activated saline prepared by surface dielectric barrier discharge with different dielectric layers and working gases
Authors: Huang Lingling , Guo Li , Zhao Pengyu , Jing Xixi , Zhang Fugao , Niyazi Gulimire , Li Tianhui , Qi Yu , Yan Jinwei , Jia Yikang , Liu Dingxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) serves as a dielectric layer for surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) and the prepared plasma‐activated saline (PAS) exhibited strong bactericidal effects, however, the fluorides are inevitably generated and bring about side effects in biological application. In this study, the SDBD devices with the dielectric layers of quartz or ceramic compared with that with PTFE were utilized to explore the effective and fluoride‐free PAS using different working gases. The Quartz‐PAS prepared with air exhibited a relatively strong bactericidal effect without inducing the DNA‐protein crosslinks (DPCs) in Escherichia coli cells, while the Ceramic‐PAS exhibited a weak bactericidal effect and induced the DPCs formation. This study supplies guidance in the preparation and regulation of PAS for biomedical applications.
Current status, prospects, and implications of renewable energy for achieving sustainable development goals in Nepal
Authors: Lohani Sunil Prasad , Gurung Prekshya , Gautam Bhawana , Kafle Ural , Fulford David , Jeuland Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe energy mix in Nepal is currently dominated by the traditional and inefficient use of biomass (66.54%) and fossil fuels (27.24%), and energy poverty remains extremely high. This paper reviews relevant literature to provide an overview of the current renewable energy status and energy mix in Nepal, and to discuss prospects for the country to achieve a sustainable energy transition. Nepal‐specific papers from peer‐reviewed sources and other agency and academic reports were included insofar as these discussed renewable energy and provided recommendations for policy‐making on sustainable energy and related development goals. Despite the rapidly falling cost of solar photovoltaic, the share of modern renewable energy in Nepal is currently less than 3%. On this basis, and given the country's sustainable energy goals, we conclude that favorable and aggressive policies and strategies are needed to support adoption of clean energy in Nepal, comprised of a high share of solar generation equipped with battery storage, and balanced with storage such as off‐river pumped hydropower technology.
A Dual Sensing Platform for Human Exhaled Breath Enabled by Fe‐MIL‐101‐NH2 Metal–Organic Frameworks and its Derived Co/Ni/Fe Trimetallic Oxides
Authors: Cao Shuang , Xu Yifeng , Yu Zhongzheng , Zhang Peng , Xu Xiaoyi , Sui Ning , Zhou Tingting , Zhang Tong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLimited by the insufficient active sites and the interference from breath humidity, designing reliable gas sensing materials with high activity and moisture resistance remains a challenge to analyze human exhaled breath for the translational application of medical diagnostics. Herein, the dual sensing and cooperative diagnosis is achieved by utilizing metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and its derivative. The Fe‐MIL‐101‐NH2 serves as the quartz crystal microbalance humidity sensing layer, which exhibits high selectivity and rapid response time (16 s/15 s) to water vapor. Then, the Co2+ and Ni2+ cations are further co‐doped into Fe‐MIL‐101‐NH2 host to obtain the derived Co/Ni/Fe trimetallic oxides (CoNiFe‐MOS‐n). The chemiresistive CoNiFe‐MOS‐n sensor displays the high sensitivity (560) and good selectivity to acetone, together with a lower original resistance compared with Fe2O3 and NiFe2O4. Moreover, as a proof‐of‐concept application, synergistic integration of Fe‐MIL‐101‐NH2 and derived CoNiFe‐MOS‐n is carried out. The Fe‐MIL‐101‐NH2 is applied as moisture sorbent materials, which realize a sensitivity compensation of CoNiFe‐MOS‐n sensors for the detection of acetone (biomarker gas of diabetes). The findings provide an insight for effective utilization of MOFs and the derived materials to achieve a trace gas detection in exhaled breath analysis.
Capabilities, wealth, and trade: Revisiting the evidence
Authors: Yue Kan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSutton and Trefler (2016) present a model that explains how a country's quality capability simultaneously affects per capita income and the sectoral mix of its exports. The model predicts an inverted‐U relationship between an exporter's income and its world market share of export. This paper examines whether the prediction is consistent with the time‐series variations of trade data. We find inverted‐U relationships in all three groups of markets. While market shares do eventually drop as income grows, it happens only when incomes are very high. In addition, exporters' global market progression described in Sutton and Trefler (2016) is accelerated with the presence of a “super” exporter, such as China. Lastly, we confirm the model's implication on how quality capability improvements affect market entry by presenting an inverted‐U relationship between market entry and income in middle‐rank group, with the relationship being negative in low‐rank group and positive in high‐rank group.
Alternative splicing in bladder cancer: potential strategies for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Montero‐Hidalgo Antonio J. , Pérez‐Gómez Jesús M. , Martínez‐Fuentes Antonio J. , Gómez‐Gómez Enrique , Gahete Manuel D. , Jiménez‐Vacas Juan M. , Luque Raúl M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract worldwide. The therapeutic options to tackle this disease comprise surgery, intravesical or systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, a wide number of patients ultimately become resistant to these treatments and develop aggressive metastatic disease, presenting a poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to tackle this devastating pathology is urgently needed. However, a significant limitation is that the progression and drug response of bladder cancer is strongly associated with its intrinsic molecular heterogeneity. In this sense, RNA splicing is recently gaining importance as a critical hallmark of cancer since can have a significant clinical value. In fact, a profound dysregulation of the splicing process has been reported in bladder cancer, especially in the expression of certain key splicing variants and circular RNAs with a potential clinical value as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in this pathology. Indeed, some authors have already evidenced a profound antitumor effect by targeting some splicing factors (e.g., PTBP1), mRNA splicing variants (e.g., PKM2, HYAL4‐v1), and circular RNAs (e.g., circITCH, circMYLK), which illustrates new possibilities to significantly improve the management of this pathology. This review represents the first detailed overview of the splicing process and its alterations in bladder cancer, and highlights opportunities for the development of novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and their clinical potential for the treatment of this devastating cancer type.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Interlinkage of a siliconoid with a silsesquioxane: en route to a molecular model system for silicon monoxide
Authors: Hunsicker Marc , Poitiers Nadine E. , Huch Volker , Morgenstern Bernd , Zimmer Michael , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new potential model system for silicon monoxide (SiO) is synthesized by the interlinkage of an unsaturated silicon cluster (siliconoid) with a polyhedral silsequioxane cage. Two derivatives with variable linker size are obtained by the corner‐capping reaction of Ph7T7(ONa)3 with a trichlorosilane featuring a remote benzylic chloride functionality and the subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the latter by the anionic hexasilabenzpolarene‐type Si6 siliconoid. Based on the recently proposed heterogeneous cluster model for the SiO structure, the stoichiometry between silicon and oxygen reiterates the suboxidic interface of the nano‐composite in a Si : O ratio of 14 : 12.
The Twin Executive
Authors: Duff Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne of the main flaws in the structure of governance of the EU is the lack of a single effective executive. The two presidents of the Commission and European Council, who risk duplication and confusion, should be merged. The system of rotating the presidency of the Council of ministers should be phased out. The role of the General Affairs Council should be enhanced. The Commission should be reduced in size and restructured to include a law officer and treasury secretary.
Fiscal Union
Authors: Duff Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEconomic and monetary union is incomplete, not least because there is no common fiscal policy and the European Central Bank is not the lender of last resort. The EU’s supervisory machinery introduced after the financial crash is due for an overhaul. A watershed was reached when eurobonds were launched to recover from the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic. But these eurobonds should be scaled up, made permanent and fully federal. The EU budget should be subdivided into federal and national parts, with the former part funded by direct EU taxation.
The Immigrant Sensemaker
Authors: Nardon Luciara , Hari Amrita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSensemaking starts with the sensemaker; the process of identity work is thus central to immigrant integration. In this chapter, we discuss individual level sensemaking to understand how qualified immigrants (QIs) facing similar work integration challenges, with comparable education and work experiences, can have widely different career trajectories and outcomes. We integrate narratives from QIs to explore identity processes involved in sensemaking and argue that identity work is a social process that is continuously in flux; it is dependent on context and imbued with power discrepancies.
Organizing for Immigrant Workforce Integration
Authors: Nardon Luciara , Hari Amrita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the role of organizational level sensemaking in qualified immigrants’ (QIs’) work integration. A sensemaking perspective on organizations uncovers the social processes through which discriminatory practices in workplaces and work-related institutions become acceptable and are maintained over time. We also explore the effect of these practices on QIs’ sensemaking of their work options, experiences, and trajectories. To do this, we identify and examine different organizations involved in QIs’ work integration, the influence of organizational goals, structures, and scripts, and the ways in which organizations can rethink how they facilitate QIs’ successful work integration.
The Macro Context of Immigration
Authors: Nardon Luciara , Hari Amrita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the role of the broader social context in QIs’ work integration and sensemaking of their career options and actions. Sensemaking is ongoing and occurs within a dynamic social environment. The institutional level of sensemaking exposes the relationship between the broader society and individual actions. We discuss narratives of multiculturalism and professional attainment as prevailing master narratives that inform QIs’ and local citizens’ sensemaking of immigration and the influence on immigrants’ work integration. We conclude with a reflection on the relationship between immigration and settler colonialism.
Extending Sensemaking of Immigrant Integration
Authors: Nardon Luciara , Hari Amrita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis concluding chapter reiterates the importance of the multiple levels of sensemaking and different actors to understand QIs’ work integration. We discuss some of the challenges to studying the process of sensemaking and propose some implications for research and practice. We end on a futuristic note with emerging avenues for research.
Social identity and labor market outcomes of immigrants
Authors: Carillo Maria Rosaria , Lombardo Vincenzo , Venittelli Tiziana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between social identity and labor market outcomes of immigrants. Using survey data from Italy, we provide robust evidence that integrated immigrants, who state they have strong feelings of belonging to the societies of both the host and home country, have higher employment rates than do assimilated immigrants, who identify exclusively with the host country culture. Unlike previous literature, our findings indicate that assimilation does not necessarily provide a clear labor market advantage over immigrants who identify only with their original ethnic group. The positive labor market effect of integration is especially large for women, low-skilled, and immigrants with a brief experience in Italy and arriving in Italy at older ages, who generally face stronger barriers to entry into the labor market. The main mechanism driving the positive effect of multiple social identities points to belonging to local networks that ensure in-group favoritism and sharing of information.