bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar, Acid and Phenols in Fruit of the Sharka-Tolerant Autochthonous Plum Genotype ‘Mrkosljiva’
Authors: Drkenda Pakeza , Music Osman , Oras Amila , Haracic Selma , Haseljic Sanel , Blanke Michael , Hudina Metka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe self-rooted plum genotype ‘Mrkosljiva’ was first selected as it was devoid of Sharka leaf symptoms during the 5‑year study (2009–2014), which was subsequently confirmed by negative ELISA test results. Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical variability of the autochthonous ‘Mrkosljiva’ plum genotype, based on its sugar, acid and phenolic compounds content during 3 years. In 2010 and 2011, the plums tasted sweet with favourable sugar:acid ratios of 55:1 to 65:1. These plum fruits were collected at the full ripeness stage from an extensive orchard located in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina (45 °N). Analysis by HPLC identified the following polyphenolic compounds—chlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, neochlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside—in all 3 years that were evaluated (2009–2011), but in different amounts, depending on the environmental conditions of each year. In 2009, the plums were healthier with a threefold greater phenol content than during the other 2 years of growth. In 2009, protocatechuic acid was detected, whereas catechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and quercetin-3‑O-rhamnoside were not detected. The combination of high phenol and sugar content in ‘Mrkosljiva’ provides healthy and tasty plums suitable primarily for processing, and to a lesser extent, due to their size, for fresh fruit marketing.
Real-time and long-term monitoring of waves and suspended sediment concentrations over an intertidal algal reef
Authors: Ly Trung Nguyen , Huang Zhi-Cheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSuspended sediment concentration (c) has been considered a critical environmental factor in reef habitats; however, the values and variations of c are not evident in a unique reef mainly created by crustose coralline algal concretions compared to abundant studies in coral reefs. The results of real-time and long-term monitoring of waves and c over the intertidal algal reef are reported because of the construction of an offshore industrial harbor near the reef. The real-time monitoring systems were based on techniques, including optical backscatter sensors (OBSs) for measuring c, pressure sensors for measuring waves, data loggers, and wireless networks for data transmission. The instruments sampled every hour and ran continuously and automatically for years. The OBS measurement was compared and validated with biweekly water sampling. A good correlation between the results of the two methods was observed. Nevertheless, more calibrations of OBSs in different seasons reduced the variance between the two methods over a year-long timescale. The year-long data showed a remarkable seasonal variation in c. The average c was approximately 140 mg/l during the winter season, while it was only approximately 70 mg/l during the summer season. The observed c was higher than that in other coral reef environments; the elevated and highly variable c, ranging from approximately 0 to 500 mg/l, may be one factor that creates the unique algae reef environment. The year-long measurement of waves and c showed that the variation in c was mainly due to the variation in waves in different seasons and was well correlated with the wave-induced bed shear stress. The real-time and long-term data measured by the system will aid in better understanding and providing useful environmental data for accessing future environmental changes and protecting reef habitats.
In vitro propagation for conservation of the rare date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) ‘Amri’ using immature inflorescence
Authors: Abd Elaziem Tamer Mahfouz , Ahmed Manal El-salato Ala El-naby , Abou El-Dis Gamil Rayan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmature female inflorescence plays a significant role in date palm micropropagation because inflorescences are available with no practical limit as the source of explants. Moreover, using floral buds for propagation helps in the conservation of date palm biodiversity and the enhancement of socioeconomically valuable landraces. With the goal of avoiding undesirable genetic variability, the optimal combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators and other medium compositions were investigated to achieve direct organogenesis and multiplication from the immature female inflorescence of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Amri. For the initiation stage, the best response was achieved using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 zeatin and 1.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) after 16 wk of culturing. For the multiplication stage, the best culture medium contained 0.5 mg L−1 TDZ solidified with GelriteTM, without activated charcoal for four subcultures, and then supplementing 30 mg L−1 glutathione to this medium composition for two additional subcultures. Plantlets were multiplied and grown for 12 wk on elongation medium and then transferred to the rooting stage in two steps. Compared with other treatments, foliar spraying and watering with 30 g L−1 sorbitol and 40 g L−1 salicylic acid twice a week yielded the best results in terms of survival percentage (95%), leaf width (2.9 cm), and growth vigor (4.4 lateral branch). This was the best combination of plant growth regulators and other medium compositions for micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Amri without the need for callus formation to avoid undesirable genetic variability.
Maximum entropy networks for large scale social network node analysis
Authors: De Clerck Bart , Rocha Luis E. C. , Van Utterbeeck Filip 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently proposed computational techniques allow the application of various maximum entropy network models at a larger scale. We focus on disinformation campaigns and apply different maximum entropy network models on the collection of datasets from the Twitter information operations report. For each dataset, we obtain additional Twitter data required to build an interaction network. We consider different interaction networks which we compare to an appropriate null model. The null model is used to identify statistically significant interactions. We validate our method and evaluate to what extent it is suited to identify communities of members of a disinformation campaign in a non-supervised way. We find that this method is suitable for larger social networks and allows to identify statistically significant interactions between users. Extracting the statistically significant interaction leads to the prevalence of users involved in a disinformation campaign being higher. We found that the use of different network models can provide different perceptions of the data and can lead to the identification of different meaningful patterns. We also test the robustness of the methods to illustrate the impact of missing data. Here we observe that sampling the correct data is of great importance to reconstruct an entire disinformation operation.
Measure-Theoretic Musings Cannot Salvage the Full Bayesian Significance Test as a Measure of Evidence
Authors: Ly Alexander , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLy and Wagenmakers (Computational Brain & Behavior:1–8, in press) critiqued the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) and the associated statistic FBST ev: similar to the frequentist p-value, FBST ev cannot quantify evidence for the null hypothesis, allows sampling to a foregone conclusion, and suffers from the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox. In response, Kelter (Computational Brain & Behavior:1–11, 2022) suggested that the critique is based on a measure-theoretic premise that is often inappropriate in practice, namely the assignment of non-zero prior mass to a point-null hypothesis. Here we argue that the key aspects of our initial critique remain intact when the point-null hypothesis is replaced either by a peri-null hypothesis or by an interval-null hypothesis; hence, the discussion on the validity of a point-null hypothesis is a red herring. We suggest that it is tempting yet fallacious to test a hypothesis by estimating a parameter that is part of a different model. By rejecting any null hypothesis before it is tested, FBST is begging the question. Although FBST may be useful as a measure of surprise under a single model, we believe that the concept of evidence is inherently relative; consequently, evidence for competing hypotheses ought to be quantified by examining the relative adequacy of their predictions. This philosophy is fundamentally at odds with the FBST.
Jugendliche Peergroups im Sport
Authors: Zander Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungObwohl die Peergroup als zentrale Sozialisationsinstanz des Jugendalters gilt, wurde bislang kaum erforscht, wie das Sporttreiben in der Schule und in der Freizeit von jugendlichen Peergroups kollektiv wahrgenommen und bewertet wird. Ausgehend von diesem Desiderat werden im Beitrag diese drei Forschungsfragen untersucht: Welche (sportiven) Themen sind für jugendliche Peergroups relevant? Inwieweit lassen sich kollektive Orientierungen des Handelns jugendlicher Peergroups in Schule und Freizeit identifizieren? Was kennzeichnet die Handlungspraxis jugendlicher Peergroups in Schule und Freizeit? Anhand von Daten aus einer qualitativen Längsschnittstudie zu Jugendlichen im Alter von ca. 12/13 Jahren und 14/15 Jahren, die mit dem Gruppendiskussionsverfahren erhoben und mit der dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet wurden, ist das Anliegen des Beitrags, zu zeigen, wie sich das Verhältnis von Schule und Freizeit im Sport aus der kollektiv geteilten Perspektive jugendlicher Peergroups bestimmen lässt.
Modern Crack Detection for Bridge Infrastructure Maintenance Using Machine Learning
Authors: Munawar Hafiz Suliman , Hammad Ahmed W. A. , Waller S. Travis , Islam Md Rafiqul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractManual investigation of damages incurred to infrastructure is a challenging process, in that it is not only labour-intensive and expensive but also inefficient and error-prone. To automate the process, a method that is based on computer vision for automatically detecting cracks from 2D images is a viable option. Amongst the different methods of deep learning that are commonly used, the convolutional neural network (CNNs) is one that provides the opportunity for end-to-end mapping/learning of image features instead of using the manual suboptimal image feature extraction. Specifically, CNNs do not require human supervision and are more suitable to be used for indoor and outdoor applications requiring image feature extraction and are less influenced by internal and external noise. Additionally, the CNN’s are also computationally efficient since they are based on special convolution layers and pooling operations that enable the full execution of CNN frameworks on several hardware devices. Keeping this in mind, we propose a deep CNN framework that is based on 10 different convolution layers along with a cycle GAN (Generative Adversarial Network) for predicting the crack segmentation pixel by pixel in an end-to-end manner. The methods proposed here include the Deeply Supervised Nets (DSN) and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN). The use of DSN enables integrated feature supervision for each stage of convolution. Furthermore, the model has been designed intricately for learning and aggregating multi-level and multiscale features while moving from the lower to higher convolutional layers through training. Hence, the architecture in use here is unique from the ones in practice which just use the final convolution layer. In addition, to further refine the predicted results, we have used a guided filter and CRFs (Conditional Random Fields) based methods. The verification step for the proposed framework was carried out with a set of 537 images. The deep hierarchical CNN framework of 10 convolutional layers and the Guided filtering achieved high-tech and advanced performance on the acquired dataset, showing higher F-score, Recall and Precision values of 0.870, 0.861, and 0.881 respectively, as compared to the traditional methods such as SegNet, Crack-BN, and Crack-GF.
Treatment outcome of perforated peptic ulcer disease among surgically treated patients: A cross-sectional study in Adama hospital medical college, Adama, Ethiopia
Authors: Bejiga Gosa , Negasa Tolera , Abebe Alem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Perforation is a life threatening complication of peptic ulcer disease which requires emergency admission and almost always urgent surgical intervention. It is associated with 30% mortality and 50% morbidity. The aim of this study is to assess treatment outcome of perforated peptic ulcers and its associated factors among surgically managed patients.

Materials and methods
A 5 year, tertiary hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on treatment outcome and associated factors among 106 patients operated for perforated peptic ulcers from 2015 to 2020. Omental patch, wedge excision and repair, and total gastrectomy were done by residents and/or consultants in 94, 11, and 1 patient respectively. Treatment outcome was considered favorable if the patient discharged improved and unfavorable if the patient developed complications/died. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors.

Result
Out of 106 patients studied male to female ratio was 9:1. The mean age of patients was 36.13 ± 15.6years. Seventy-five (70.8%) patients presented after 24h of onset of symptoms. Most perforations were located on the first part of duodenum in 86 (81.1%) patients. Postoperative complications were identified in 30(28.3%) patients. Being female, delayed presentation, hypotension, and perforation site were significantly associated with postoperative morbidity (P < 0.05). Fifteen (14.2%) patients died in the hospital. Mortality was significantly associated with intra-operative level of contamination and development of post-operative complications (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
postoperative morbidity and mortality were significantly associated with delayed presentation and postoperative complications.

Highlights
Plastipore Implants in the Surgical Treatment of Atrophic Rhinitis: Technique and Results
Authors: Goldenberg David , Danino Joshua , Netzer Aviram , Joachims Henry Zvi 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUNDAtrophic rhinitis is a distressing and socially crippling disease. Surgical treatment has been used for patients with severe disease that is unresponsive to medical therapy.METHODSEight patients with primary atrophic rhinitis were treated surgically by narrowing of the nasal fossae with implantation of 2 Plastipore plates per affected side into submucosal pockets into the floor of the nose and septum, thus reducing the volume of the nasal fossae.RESULTSExcellent results were obtained in 6 patients, with complete resolution of symptoms and good results and only minor crusting in 2 patients. One implant was extruded spontaneously 18 months after implantation and was reimplanted. Results in this patient before and after reimplantation were excellent. There were no cases of infection and no other complications.CONCLUSIONWe implanted Plastipore, a high‐density polyethylene sponge with micropores, which enables tissue ingrowth, anchoring the implants to the surrounding tissue. The surgical technique is performed with the patient under local anesthesia and is relatively easy and avoids complicated flap procedures, allogeneic bone harvesting, and the discomfort of nostril closure for prolonged periods.
Frameless Computer‐Aided Surgery System for Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Caversaccio Marco , Bächler Richard , Lädrach Kurt , Schroth Gerhard , Nolte Lutz‐Peter , Häusler Rudolf 
Published: September 2022

To increase the intraoperative safety factor and to acquire anatomic assistance during revision endoscopic sinus surgery (RESS), we used an optical computer‐aided surgery (CAS) system that we developed collaboratively in Bern, Switzerland. During 1 year, 25 RESSs were performed with CAS: recurrent polyposis (n = 20), recurrent frontal recess stenosis (n = 3), and recurrent frontal recess stenosis with mucocele (n = 2). These patients were compared with a control group of 10 patients undergoing RESS without CAS. The same surgeon (M.C.) performed all operations, and there were no minor or major complications in either group. The clinical inaccuracy of our system is between 0.5 and 2 mm with paired‐point and surface matching. The navigation system is an important aid to surgeons in identifying anatomic landmarks that are typically difficult to visualize in this type of surgery, thus reducing the stress placed on the surgeon.
Percutaneous Bone‐Anchored Hearing Aids at a Pediatric Institution
Authors: Béjar‐Solar Ignacio , Rosete Marta , De Jesus Madrazo María , Baltierra Carmen 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVESThe goals were to evaluate hearing, complications, and patient satisfaction with the percutaneous bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA) and to monitor long‐term successful use achieved by careful patient selection.METHODSThis prospective longitudinal study included participants with inoperable congenital bilateral aural atresia, pure‐tone average (PTA) bone conduction less than 45 dB HL, prior use of a conventional bone‐conduction hearing aid (CBCA), and adequate intelligence, integration, and personal hygiene. Surgery for BAHA implantation was performed in two stages. Evaluation consisted of skin reactions, audiologic results with CBCA and BAHA, and patient satisfaction. Follow‐up was at least 24 months.RESULTSIn 11 participants aged 5 to 17 years, the PTA free‐field air conduction improved 37%, and free‐field speech discrimination improved 23%. Successful integration and implant use were achieved in 10 cases but were lost in 1 case as a result of head trauma. All patients preferred the BAHA as opposed to the CBCA.CONCLUSIONSThe BAHA is a valuable device that can improve hearing and provide significant parent and patient satisfaction. Careful selection appears to correlate with successful long‐term use.
Anterior Skull Base Surgery Without Prophylactic Airway Diversion Procedures
Authors: Gil Ziv , Cohen Jacob T. , Spektor Sergei , Shlomi Benjamin , Fliss Dan M. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEAlthough anterior skull base surgery has become a relatively safe and effective procedure, postoperative complications remain a serious problem. One of the most devastating complications of anterior skull base procedures is tension pneumocephalus (TP). In order to prevent TP, authors have recommended the use of prophylactic airway diversion procedures, such as prolonged endotracheal intubation or prophylactic tracheostomy. However, these procedures may mask neurologic deterioration, delay treatment, and prolong rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the need for airway diversion procedures in anterior skull base surgery.STUDY DESIGNEighty‐five patients underwent anterior skull base operations through the subcranial approach without prophylactic airway diversion. Sixty‐four patients underwent resection of tumors, 12 patients underwent repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak, 6 patients underwent surgery due to anterior skull base fungal infections, and 3 patients underwent anterior skull base reconstruction procedures.RESULTSThe complication rate of TP was 1.2% (1/ 85). This complication rate is similar to that previously reported for operations performed with airway diversion procedures.CONCLUSIONProphylactic airway diversion procedures are unnecessary in routine anterior skull base operations. Airway diversion should be indicated only when factors that might predispose the patient to risk of TP have been identified (ie, chronic cough or obstructive pulmonary diseases).
Radiologic Correlates of Symptom‐Based Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hwang Peter H. , Irwin Sande B. , Griest Susan E. , Caro James E. , Nesbit Gary M. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEIn 1997, the Task Force on Rhinosinusitis (TFR) set forth symptom‐based diagnostic guidelines for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In the present study, we examined radiologic correlates of the TFR diagnostic criteria for rhinosinusitis.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGOne hundred twenty‐five consecutive patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans of the sinuses were studied at Oregon Health and Science University. Patients were evaluated prospectively with a questionnaire based on the TFR criteria, and their CT scans were graded according to the Lund‐Mackay scoring system.RESULTSOf the 125 patients, 115 met the symptom criteria for CRS. However, 40 of 115 had negative scans (Lund‐McKay score, 0) despite meeting the diagnostic criteria for rhinosinusitis. Of 115, 75 had positive scans (Lund‐McKay score, >1). Of the 10 patients who had negative diagnoses for rhinosinusitis, 9 had a positive CT scan. The Kappa coefficient was −0.103 (±95% confidence interval, −0.201 to −0.004), indicating poor agreement between CRS positivity and CT positivity. The sensitivity of TFR criteria for detecting a positive scan was 89%, but the specificity was poor at only 2%.CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCEBased on these pilot data, it appears that the specificity and predictive value of the current TFR criteria may not be adequate to serve as a diagnostic standard for rhinosinusitis. Additional validating data may provide guidance for improving the sensitivity and specificity of symptom‐based diagnostic instruments for rhinosinusitis.
Evaluation of Pediatric Lateral Oropharyngeal Trauma
Authors: Ratcliff Daniel J. , Okada Pamela J. , Murray Alan D. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVEWe reviewed the mechanism of injury, presentation, and evaluation of children with trauma to the lateral oropharynx.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGWe conducted a retrospective review of patients in an urban pediatric emergency department with trauma to the lateral oropharynx over a 5‐year period.RESULTSForty‐eight patients were identified with documented injuries of the lateral oropharynx placing the internal carotid artery at risk of injury. The average age was 42 months, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.5:1. Seventy‐seven percent of patients had a documented neurologic examination. Examinations were normal in all cases. Computed tomography scans were obtained in 14 patients, identifying 3 patients with carotid abnormalities. Angiography subsequently diagnosed intimal injuries in 2 of the 3 patients. There were no known cases of neurovascular compromise.CONCLUSIONContrast‐enhanced computed tomography may be an effective screening examination in this patient population, helping to determine which children should be admitted for angiography and observation.