bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of permeable pavement from demolished construction waste
Authors: Ulfiana D , Suripin  , Wulandari D A , Hudaifah N N , Salsabila N H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Indonesia, paving blocks are one of the most extensively used building materials. Paving blocks are ideal for making roads, parks, and parking lots because they are easy to install, durable, and weather-resistant. The high demand for paving blocks contributes to the increasing demand for aggregate as the main material for paving blocks. This has an indirect impact on the environment. On the other hand, building demolition waste is increasing. The majority of these building materials are non-biodegradable, such as concrete, plaster, brick walls, and tiles, which could harm the environment. Therefore, this study aims to see the possibility of using demolished concrete, brick walls, and tiles as a substitute for the aggregate in the production of permeable paving blocks. Each substitute material is then sampled and evaluated with compressive strength and infiltration rate to find the most optimum permeable paving block design. Based on the analysis, permeable paving blocks that use concrete as a substitute for coarse aggregate have better permeability and compressive strength compared to paving blocks that use brick walls and tiles waste. This paving block has an infiltration rate of 858 mm/hour and compressive strength of 11.68 MPa which is suitable for use in the park.
Dimensionality of mobile electrons at x-ray-irradiated LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
Authors: Strocov V N , Lechermann F , Chikina A , Alarab F , Lev L L , Rogalev V A , Schmitt T , Husanu M-A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electronic structure of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) samples, grown at low oxygen pressure and post-annealed ex situ, was investigated by soft-x-ray ARPES focussing on the Fermi momentum (k
F) of the mobile electron system (MES). X-ray irradiation of these samples at temperatures below 100 K creates oxygen vacancies (VOs) injecting Ti t
2g-electrons into the MES. At this temperature the oxygen out-diffusion is suppressed, and the VOs should appear mostly in the top STO layer. The x-ray generated MES demonstrates, however, a pronounced three-dimensional (3D) behavior as evidenced by variations of its experimental k
F over different Brillouin zones. Identical to bare STO, this behavior indicates an unexpectedly large extension of the x-ray generated MES into the STO depth. The intrinsic MES in the standard LAO/STO samples annealed in situ, in contrast, demonstrates purely two-dimensional (2D) behaviour. The relevance of our ARPES data analysis is supported by model calculations to compare the intensity vs gradient methods of the k
F determination as a function of the energy resolution ratio to the bandwidth. Based on self-interaction-corrected DFT calculations of the MES induced by VOs at the interface and in STO bulk, we discuss possible scenarios of the puzzling 3D-ity. It may involve either a dense ladder of quantum-well states formed in a long-range interfacial potential or, more likely, x-ray-induced bulk metallicity in STO accessed in the ARPES experiment through a short-range interfacial barrier. The mechanism of this metallicity may involve remnant VOs and photoconductivity-induced metallic states in the STO bulk, and even more exotic mechanisms such as x-ray induced formation of Frenkel pairs.
‘You need to be healthy to be sick’: exploring older people’s experiences with medication packaging at home
Authors: Carli Lorenzini Giana , Bell Alison , Olsson Annika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundthe ageing global population is living longer with complex health conditions addressed by multiple medications. Little is known about how older people manage these medications and associated packaging at home.Objectivesto explore how older people manage the use of multiple medication and associated packaging in their process of self-care.Methodsfifteen older, home-dwelling participants (mean age = 76.2 years) participated in this study. All participants used three or more daily medications and resided in Southern Sweden. Data were collected using photographs and written diaries completed by each participant over seven consecutive days, complemented by researcher-led interviews. Interviews and diary data were analysed using thematic analysis.Resultssix major themes emerged and are discussed: systematic organisation of medication, design of medication packaging, design of tablets, ease of package opening, emotional response to the need for medication, and environmental waste.Conclusionpackaging plays an important role in protecting products and enabling easy storage, product longevity and transportation. Medication packaging is no exception. However, the design of medication packaging poses challenges for older people managing medications for their chronic health conditions at home. There is a need to facilitate the systematic management of multiple medications, especially for new medication regimes or changes in treatment. Design of both packaging and medication should be consistent for older users to avoid potential errors; difficulties opening packaging can potentially hinder adherence to treatment. This study highlights the need for patient-centred solutions and involvement of older people in a co-design process for medication and packaging design.
Simultaneous test and estimation of total genetic effect in eQTL integrative analysis through mixed models
Authors: Wang Ting , Qiao Jiahao , Zhang Shuo , Wei Yongyue , Zeng Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntegration of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) into genome-wide association studies (GWASs) is a promising manner to reveal functional roles of associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in complex phenotypes and has become an active research field in post-GWAS era. However, how to efficiently incorporate eQTL mapping study into GWAS for prioritization of causal genes remains elusive. We herein proposed a novel method termed as Mixed transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and mediated Variance estimation (MTV) by modeling the effects of cis-SNPs of a gene as a function of eQTL. MTV formulates the integrative method and TWAS within a unified framework via mixed models and therefore includes many prior methods/tests as special cases. We further justified MTV from another two statistical perspectives of mediation analysis and two-stage Mendelian randomization. Relative to existing methods, MTV is superior for pronounced features including the processing of direct effects of cis-SNPs on phenotypes, the powerful likelihood ratio test for assessment of joint effects of cis-SNPs and genetically regulated gene expression (GReX), two useful quantities to measure relative genetic contributions of GReX and cis-SNPs to phenotypic variance, and the computationally efferent parameter expansion expectation maximum algorithm. With extensive simulations, we identified that MTV correctly controlled the type I error in joint evaluation of the total genetic effect and proved more powerful to discover true association signals across various scenarios compared to existing methods. We finally applied MTV to 41 complex traits/diseases available from three GWASs and discovered many new associated genes that had otherwise been missed by existing methods. We also revealed that a small but substantial fraction of phenotypic variation was mediated by GReX. Overall, MTV constructs a robust and realistic modeling foundation for integrative omics analysis and has the advantage of offering more attractive biological interpretations of GWAS results.
Multicentre appraisal of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biofluid biomarkers shows primacy of blood neurofilament light chain
Authors: Thompson Alexander G. , Gray Elizabeth , Verber Nick , Bobeva Yoana , Lombardi Vittoria , Shepheard Stephanie R. , Yildiz Ozlem , Feneberg Emily , Farrimond Lucy , Dharmadasa Thanuja , Gray Pamela , Edmond Evan C. , Scaber Jakub , Gagliardi Delia , Kirby Janine , Jenkins Thomas M. , Fratta Pietro , McDermott Christopher J. , Manohar Sanjay G. , Talbot Kevin , Malaspina Andrea , Shaw Pamela J. , Turner Martin R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The routine clinical integration of individualized objective markers of disease activity in those diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a key requirement for therapeutic development. A large, multicentre, clinic-based, longitudinal cohort was used to systematically appraise the leading candidate biofluid biomarkers in the stratification and potential therapeutic assessment of those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Incident patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 258), other neurological diseases (n = 80) and healthy control participants (n = 101), were recruited and followed at intervals of 3–6 months for up to 30 months. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain and chitotriosidase 1 and blood neurofilament light chain, creatine kinase, ferritin, complement C3 and C4 and C-reactive protein were measured. Blood neurofilament light chain, creatine kinase, serum ferritin, C3 and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain and chitotriosidase 1 were all significantly elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. First-visit plasma neurofilament light chain level was additionally strongly associated with survival (hazard ratio for one standard deviation increase in log10 plasma neurofilament light chain 2.99, 95% confidence interval 1.65–5.41, P = 0.016) and rate of disability progression, independent of other prognostic factors. A small increase in level was noted within the first 12 months after reported symptom onset (slope 0.031 log10 units per month, 95% confidence interval 0.012–0.049, P = 0.006). Modelling the inclusion of plasma neurofilament light chain as a therapeutic trial outcome measure demonstrated that a significant reduction in sample size and earlier detection of disease-slowing is possible, compared with using the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale. This study provides strong evidence that blood neurofilament light chain levels outperform conventional measures of disease activity at the group level. The application of blood neurofilament light chain has the potential to radically reduce the duration and cost of therapeutic trials. It might also offer a first step towards the goal of more personalized objective disease activity monitoring for those living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
The Rapid Reduction of Infection-Related Visits and Antibiotic Use Among People With Cystic Fibrosis After Starting Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor
Authors: Miller Aaron C , Harris Logan M , Cavanaugh Joseph E , Abou Alaiwa Mahmoud , Stoltz David A , Hornick Douglas B , Polgreen Philip M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) routinely suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections. Such infections require frequent courses of antimicrobials and often involve multidrug-resistant organisms. The goal of this study was to identify real-world evidence for the effectiveness of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) in decreasing infection-related visits and antimicrobial use in people with CF.

Methods
Using IBM MarketScan data, we identified 389 enrollees with CF who began taking ELX/TEZ/IVA before 1 December 2019 and were enrolled from 1 July 2019 to 14 March 2020. We also identified a comparison population who did not begin ELX/TEZ/IVA during the study period. We compared the following outcomes in the 15 weeks before and after medication initiation: total healthcare visits, inpatient visits, infection-related visits, and antimicrobial prescriptions. We analyzed outcomes using both a case-crossover analysis and a difference-in-differences analysis, to control for underlying trends.

Results
For the case-crossover analysis, ELX/TEZ/IVA initiation was associated with the following changes over a 15-week period: change in overall healthcare visit dates, −2.5 (95% confidence interval, −3.31 to −1.7); change in inpatient admissions, −0.16 (−.22 to −.10); change in infection-related visit dates, −0.62 (−.93 to −.31); and change in antibiotic prescriptions, −0.78 (−1.03 to −.54). Results from the difference-in-differences approach were similar.

Conclusions
We show a rapid reduction in infection-related visits and antimicrobial use among people with CF after starting a therapy that was not explicitly designed to treat infections. Currently, there are &gt;30 000 people living with CF in the United States alone. Given that this therapy is effective for approximately 90% of people with CF, the impact on respiratory infections and antimicrobial use may be substantial.
Trauma-Informed Restorative Justice Practices in Schools: An Opportunity for School Social Workers
Authors: Sedillo-Hamann Dayna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Restorative justice (RJ) is both a philosophy and a set of practices meant to repair harm and maintain connection in the face of wrongdoing. While RJ is becoming increasingly popular among K–12 educators and in schools, emphasis is typically on its social justice applications, including its use as an alternative to zero-tolerance discipline policies and its role in dismantling the school-to-prison pipeline. However, RJ can also be understood as a trauma-informed mental health intervention allowing perpetrators, who have frequently been victims of past trauma, to regain a sense of voice and control, and to maintain social connection within their community. Social workers in school settings are in a prime position to explore and advocate for its increased use with vulnerable youth populations. Through review of relevant literature and use of a composite case example, this article outlines the harmful impacts of punitive and exclusionary discipline; describes the potential benefit of schools utilizing RJ as a mental health intervention; and recommends further research to understand RJ's effect on self-efficacy, self-regulation, and healthy attachment.
Norton Scale Score and long-term healthcare services utilization after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Plakht Ygal , Silber Hagar , Shiyovich Arthur , Arbelle Jonathan Eli , Greenberg Dan , Gilutz Harel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Many patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have considerable multimorbidity, sometimes associated with functional limitations. The Norton Scale Score (NSS) evaluates clinical aspects of well-being and predicts numerous clinical outcomes. We evaluated the association between NSS and long-term healthcare utilization (HU) following a non-fatal AMI.

Methods and results
A retrospective observational study including AMI survivors during 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2015 with a filled NSS report. Data were recouped from the electronic medical records of the hospital and two Health Maintenance Organizations. Norton Scale Score ≤16 or &gt;16 was defined as low or high respectively. The outcome was annual HU, encompassing length of hospital stay (LOS), emergency department (ED) visits, primary care, and other ambulatory service utilization during up to 10 years of follow-up. HU costs were compared between groups. Two-level models were built: unadjusted and adjusted for patients’ baseline characteristics. The study included 4613 patients, 784 (17%) had low NSS. Patients with low NSS compared with patients with high NSS were older, had a higher rate of multimorbidity, and had significantly lower coronary angiography and revascularization rates. In addition, low NSS patients presented higher annual HU costs (4879 vs. 3634 Euro, P &lt;0.001), primarily due to LOS, ED visits, and less frequent ambulatory services usage.

Conclusion
In patients after non-fatal AMI, low NSS is a signal for higher long-term costs reflecting the presence of expensive comorbidities. Management disparity and impaired mobility may offset the real need of these patients. Therefore, the specific proactive nursing intervention in that population is recommended.
Investigation on the indoor thermal comfort in sports settings and an improvement to Fanger model
Authors: Ji Tai , Cai Jingyong , Wang Kun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Player in sports is characterized as large metabolic rate and perspiration, small thermal resistance, low coverage rate of clothing and short breath. The heat transfer from the player to environment is generally strong. It is difficult to accurately predict the thermal comfort of the player in strenuous sports based on the traditional Fanger’s model. To overcome this limitation, an improved Fanger’s model is established on the basis of the original predicted mean vote (PMV) model in this paper. Theoretical analysis of PMV based on traditional model and improved model is performed, and a series of experiments involving 798 surveys in 40 experimental sessions under various sport events are conducted. On this basis, the accuracy of traditional Fanger’s model and the improved model is compared. Results show that the improved model is more reasonable and has better agreement with the experiment results. In both simulation and experiment, the PMV predicted by the improved model is lower than that predicted by traditional Fanger’s model, which indicates that the heat dissipation calculated by the new model is higher. The improved model can predict thermal comfort of human in sports under different thermal environment with higher accuracy compared with conventional Fanger’s model. Finally, based on improved Fanger’s model, reasonable ambient temperature under different exercise intensities is recommended, which is significant to prevent occurrence of heat injury in sports and energy saving of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in gymnasium.
Adaptation of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to the combination of niclosamide with the efflux pump inhibitor phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PaβN): co-resistance to antimicrobials
Authors: Pacios Olga , Fernández-García Laura , Bleriot Inés , Blasco Lucia , Ambroa Antón , López María , Ortiz-Cartagena Concha , González de Aledo Manuel , Fernández-Cuenca Felipe , Oteo-Iglesias Jesús , Pascual Álvaro , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Tomás María 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To search for new means of combatting carbapenemase-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae by repurposing the anti-helminth drug niclosamide as an antimicrobial agent and combining it with the efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PaβN).

Methods
Niclosamide and PaβN MICs were determined for six clinical K. pneumoniae isolates harbouring different carbapenemases by broth microdilution and chequerboard assays. Time–kill curves in the presence of each drug alone and in combination were conducted. The viability of bacterial cells in the presence of repetitive exposures at 8 h to the treatment at the same concentration of niclosamide and/or PaβN (adapted isolates) was determined. The acrAB-tolC genes and their regulators were sequenced and quantitative RT–PCR was performed to assess whether the acrA gene was overexpressed in adapted isolates compared with non-adapted isolates. Finally, the MICs of several antimicrobials were determined for the adapted isolates.

Results
Niclosamide and PaβN had synergistic effects on the six isolates in vitro, but adaptation appeared when the treatment was applied to the medium every 8 h, with an increase of 6- to 12-fold in the MIC of PaβN. Sequencing revealed different mutations in the regulators of the tripartite AcrAB-TolC efflux pump (ramR and acrR) that may be responsible for the overexpression of the efflux pump and the adaptation to this combination. Co-resistance to different antimicrobials confirmed the overexpression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump.

Conclusions
Despite the synergistic effect that preliminary in vitro stages may suggest, the combinations of drugs and EPI may generate adapted phenotypes associated with antimicrobial resistance that must be taken into consideration.
Interacting Antagonisms: Parasite Infection Alters Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Responses to Herbivory on Tomato Plants
Authors: Aguirre Luis A , Adler Lynn S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Little is known about how simultaneous antagonistic interactions on plants and pollinators affect pollination services, even though herbivory can alter floral traits and parasites can change pollinator learning, perception, or behavior. We investigated how a common herbivore and bumble bee (Bombus spp.) parasite impact pollination in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae). We exposed half the plants to low-intensity herbivory by the specialist Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphigidae), and observed bumble bee visits and time spent on flowers of damaged and control plants. Following observations, we caught the foraging bees and assessed infection by the common gut parasite, Crithidia bombi Lipa & Triggiani (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae). Interestingly, we found an interactive effect between herbivory and Crithidia infection; bees with higher parasite loads spent less time foraging on damaged plants compared to control plants. However, bees did not visit higher proportions of flowers on damaged or control plants, regardless of infection status. Our study demonstrates that multiple antagonists can have synergistic negative effects on the duration of pollinator visits, such that the consequences of herbivory may depend on the infection status of pollinators. If pollinator parasites indeed exacerbate the negative effects of herbivory on pollination services, this suggests the importance of incorporating bee health management practices to maximize crop production.
A Risk Tool and Production Log Created using Microsoft Excel to Manage Pests in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Jordan David L , Buol Greg S , Brandenburg Rick L , Shew Barbara B , Wilkerson Gail G , Lassiter Bridget R , Dunne Jeff , Gorny Adrienne , Washburn Derek , Hoisington David , Rhoads James 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growers and their advisors need to address a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses to maximize yield and financial return. Mitigating risk to yield and financial investment requires knowledge of interactions among pests and strategies to manage pests, including chemical inputs, crop rotation, cultivar selection, field pest history, planting pattern and population, planting date, and tillage systems. Using Microsoft Excel, a comprehensive peanut risk tool was developed to assist growers and advisors in identifying and selecting production strategies to minimize risk to yield based on empirical data and practical experience while providing cost estimates of production practices. Initially, the risk tool was developed for North Carolina (USA) peanut production. However, the current platform is designed to facilitate the development of similar tools for other USA peanut regions, peanut production systems in other countries, and with the capability to develop risk tools for other crops. This article discusses components of the risk management tool developed for North Carolina peanut production. Benefits of the risk tool to practitioners, extension services, genetics and breeding programs, and formal classroom instruction will be discussed. One goal of this paper is to provide an example of how the Microsoft Excel framework used for peanut in North Carolina can be used for peanut in other regions of the USA and other countries.