bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of rural registered nurses and the implications for workforce policy
Authors: Yates Max C. , Auerbach David I. , Staiger Douglas O. , Buerhaus Peter I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeRural registered nurses (RNs) play an integral role in providing care for an underserved population with worse health outcomes than urban counterparts. However, little information is available on the profile of this workforce, which is necessary to understand the capacity of these nurses to provide quality and demanded care presently and in the future.MethodsWe utilize data from the American Community Survey to provide a contemporary analysis on the supply of rural RNs in the United States.FindingsWhile the number of physicians serving rural populations has decreased in recent years, and rural nurse practitioners (NPs) remain in short supply, rural RNs have steadily grown in numbers at a rate comparable to urban RNs. Rural RNs are markedly less diverse than the populations they serve and only half of rural RNs had a bachelor's degree or higher compared to over 70% for urban RNs. In their supply, young rural nurses appear on pace with urban nurses to adequately replace older nurses and continue to grow the workforce, based on data through 2019.ConclusionsThe rural RN workforce is projected to steadily grow amidst declining rural physicians and limited rural NPs. The burgeoning investments in the rural health workforce present opportunities to help diversify, increase educational access, and further rural readiness for rural RNs moving forward.
Trauma and survivance: The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Indigenous nursing students
Authors: Van Bewer Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in tremendous educational and health impacts for Indigenous peoples and communities. Yet, little is known about the impacts of the pandemic on Indigenous nursing students in Canada. Guided by an Indigenous conceptual framework and a qualitative sharing circle methodology, the interconnected personal, academic, and community impacts of the pandemic were explored with Indigenous nursing students (n = 17). Overall, the pandemic exacerbated and compounded prior traumas Indigenous students and communities have experienced across generations on Turtle Island. Participants suffered worsening psychological distress and significant losses during the pandemic, especially losses in learning and cultural safety. However, the pandemic also revealed silver linings including: the benefits of online learning; and demonstrations of posttraumatic growth, survivance, and community strength. These findings are relevant to informing culturally safe and trauma‐informed strategies, policies, administrators, and educators in schools of nursing.
The role of ferroptosis in fish inflammation
Authors: Gao Feng , Shi Xiaowei , Pei Chao , Zhao Xianliang , Zhu Lei , Zhang Jie , Li Li , Li Chen , Kong Xianghui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFerroptosis, as one of cell death modalities, is driven by iron‐dependent phospholipid peroxidation and regulated by various cellular metabolic pathways, including iron, amino acid and lipid metabolism, as well as disease‐related signalling pathways. Cell survival or death is a critical issue in the inflammatory response. On the one hand, ferroptosis is more immunogenic than apoptosis, and ruptured ferroptotic cells release damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which can trigger an inflammatory response. On the other hand, various pathogenic bacteria may cause peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the cell membrane, leading to ferroptosis. In fish, the key genes and signalling pathways related to ferroptosis are conserved, but there are still differences among fish species. In recent years, frequent occurrences of fish diseases have posed a considerable challenge to the large‐scale aquaculture. The specific precursors for ferroptotic cell death were iron‐dependent oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which always occur in fish inflammation. This review summarizes recent studies on ferroptosis in fish inflammation, that is, iron‐dependent programmed cell death, to address ferroptosis, inflammation and correlations between them in fish. This review may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis and inflammation in fish and provides suggestions for sustainable development and large‐scale aquaculture farming.
Experimental and Modeling Investigation on Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Luo Chengcheng , Cao Yufeng , Liu Yonghui , Zhong Sicun , Zhao Suhui , Liu Zhongbo , Liu Yaxin , Zheng Danzhu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wellbore pressure gradient in gas wells is significant in designing deliquification technologies and optimizing production. At present, no model has yet to be established specifically for gas wells at a wide gas flowrate range. When calculating pressure gradient in a specific gas field, engineers must evaluate these widely used models and get the best performance model at a certain range. To establish a more comprehensive model in horizontal gas wells, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the flow behavior of liquid-gas two-phase flow at different gas and liquid velocities and inclined angles in a 50 mm visual pipe. The evaluation of these widely used models against the experimental data shows that no model can predict liquid holdup at different gas velocity ranges, and huge deviations due to several reasons can be observed. After conducting a comprehensive analysis, a new liquid holdup correlation was proposed based on the Mukherjee–Brill model by correlating from the experimental results, which have parametric ranges closer to the production of gas wells. This new model adopts a new dimensionless gas velocity number to characterize flow similarities and better scale up pressure from the experiment to the gas wells. By validating against experimental data and field data, the results indicate that the new two-phase flow model has stable performance and can accurately predict pressure gradients at different ranges of pressure and gas/liquid velocities.
Finite Element Model of a Piezo-Electric Actuator Coupled to the Middle Ear
Authors: Burovikhin D. , Dalhoff E. , Wagner A. , Schneider F. , Lauxmann M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The hearing contact lens® (HCL) is a new type of hearing aid devices. One of its main components is a piezo-electric actuator. In order to evaluate and maximize the HCL's performance, a model of the HCL coupled to a middle-ear model was developed using finite element approach. The model was validated step by step starting with the HCL only. To validate the HCL model, vibrational measurements on the HCL were performed using a laser-doppler-vibrometer (LDV). Then, a silicone cap was placed onto the HCL to provide an interface between the HCL and the tympanic membrane of the middle-ear model, and additional LDV measurements on temporal bones were performed to validate the coupled model that was used to evaluate the equivalent sound pressure of the HCL. Moreover, a de-eper insight was gained into the contact between the HCL and tympanic membrane and its effects on the HCL performance. The model can be used to investigate the sensitivity of geometrical and material parameters with respect to performance measures of the HCL and evaluate the feedback behavior.
Effects of Anchimeric Assistance in Phosphonium Enolates Chemistry
Authors: Salin A. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phosphonium enolates are key intermediates of phosphine-catalyzed reactions extensively used in current organic synthesis for construction of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. Herein, general methods for increasing the rates, chemo- and stereoselectivity on the basis of effects of anchimeric assistance for the reactions involving formation of phosphonium enolates are discussed.
Meaningful thresholds for patient-reported outcomes following interventions for anterior cruciate ligament tear or traumatic meniscus injury: a systematic review for the OPTIKNEE consensus
Authors: Macri Erin M , Young James J , Ingelsrud Lina Holm , Khan Karim M , Terluin Berend , Juhl Carsten Bogh , Whittaker Jackie L , Culvenor Adam G , Crossley Kay M , Roos Ewa M 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveWe synthesised and assessed credibility (ie, trustworthiness) of thresholds that define meaningful scores for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following interventions for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear or traumatic meniscus injury.DesignSystematic review, narrative synthesis.Data sourcesWe searched five databases, handsearched references of included studies and tracked citations.EligibilityIncluded studies investigated: individuals with ACL tear or meniscus injury; mean age <35 years; and PROM thresholds calculated using any method to define a minimal important change (MIC) or a meaningful post-treatment score (Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) or Treatment Failure).ResultsWe included 18 studies (15 ACL, 3 meniscus). Three different methods were used to calculate anchor-based MICs across 9 PROMs, PASS thresholds across 4 PROMs and treatment failure for 1 PROM. Credibility was rated ‘high’ for only one study—an MIC of 18 for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Quality-of-life (KOOS-QOL) subscale (using the MID Credibility Assessment Tool). Where multiple thresholds were calculated among ‘low’ credibility thresholds in ACL studies, MICs converged to within a 10-point range for KOOS-Symptoms (−1.2 to 5.4) and function in daily living (activities of daily living, ADL 0.5–8.1) subscales, and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (7.1–16.2). Other PROM thresholds differed up to 30 points. PASS thresholds converged to within a 10-point range in KOOS-ADL for ACL tears (92.3–100), and KOOS-Symptoms (73-78) and KOOS-QOL (53-57) in meniscus injuries.ConclusionMeaningful PROM thresholds were highly susceptible to study heterogeneity. While PROM thresholds can aid interpretability in research and clinical practice, they should be cautiously interpreted.
Tumor Cell Extrinsic Synaptogyrin 3 Expression as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Murphy Ryan M. , Tasoulas Jason , Porrello Alessandro , Carper Miranda B. , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Coffey Alisha R. , Kumar Sunil , Zeng Peter YF. , Schrank Travis P. , Midkiff Bentley R. , Cohen Stephanie , Salazar Ashley H. , Hayward Michele C. , Hayes D. Neil , Olshan Andrew , Gupta Gaorav P. , Nichols Anthony C. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Pecot Chad V. , Amelio Antonio L. 
Published: August 2022

Over 70% of oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) cases in the United States are positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) yet biomarkers for stratifying oropharyngeal HNSC patient risk are limited. We used immunogenomics to identify differentially expressed genes in immune cells of HPV(+) and HPV(−) squamous carcinomas. Candidate genes were tested in clinical specimens using both qRT-PCR and IHC and validated by IHC using the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study tissue microarray of HNSC cases. We performed multiplex immunofluorescent staining to confirm expression within the immune cells of HPV(+) tumors, ROC curve analyses, and assessed survival outcomes. The neuronal gene Synaptogyrin-3 (SYNGR3) is robustly expressed in immune cells of HPV(+) squamous cancers. Multiplex immunostaining and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses confirmed SYNGR3 expression in T cells, but also unexpectedly in B cells of HPV(+) tumors. ROC curve analyses revealed that combining SYNGR3 and p16 provides more sensitivity and specificity for HPV detection compared with p16 IHC alone. Patients with SYNGR3-high HNSC have significantly better prognosis with 5-year OS and DSS rates of 60% and 71%, respectively. Moreover, combining p16 localization and SYNGR3 expression can further risk stratify HPV(+) patients such that high cytoplasmic, low nuclear p16 do significantly worse (HR, 8.6; P = 0.032) compared with patients with high cytoplasmic, high nuclear p16. SYNGR3 expression in T and B cells is associated with HPV status and enhanced survival outcomes of patients with HNSC.Significance:These findings indicate that codetection of SYNGR3 in immune cells and p16 in tumor cells by IHC can more reliably identify the HPV(+) subgroup of patients with low-risk head and neck cancer that may be appropriate for clinical trials involving treatment deescalation.
Spiny lobster fecundity on the Brazilian continental shelf (Decapoda, Achelata)
Authors: Gaeta Juliana , Cintra Israel Aniceto , Torres Marina T. , Da Silva Jessica L. S. , Cruz Raúl 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spiny lobsters are the main target of commercial fisheries along the coast of Brazil. Little is known about lobster egg production, making it difficult to estimate reproductive capacity. The purpose of this study was to update fecundity data on Brazilian lobsters as a subsidy for stock management and prevention of overexploitation. For the first time, fecundity equations for the two main Brazilian species of spiny lobster are proposed: Egg count = 29 552e0.0274x (; ; ) for Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) collected off Northeastern Brazil and the Great Amazon Reef System, and Egg count = 13 662e0.0361x (; ; ) for Panulirus laevicauda (Latreille, 1817) collected off Northeastern Brazil in 2021. Mean fecundity data for the period 1968-2021 show that fecundity levels declined over four decades, then partially recovered after the 6-month closed season was implemented in 2012, suggesting the measure has been effective at protecting lobster reproduction, allowing stocks of both species to recover between fishing seasons. Efficient management requires strict control of lobster fisheries, regular collection of reliable fishing data and investments in life cycle research.
Using landmark-based geometric morphometrics for holotype selection in cryptic species: a case study of Western Australian Halicyclops (Copepoda, Cyclopoida)
Authors: Karanovic Tomislav 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Holotype designation is mandatory for animal species descriptions, yet we are lacking studies on its selection. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics (LBGM) can be used to detect subtle phenotypic variations and to calculate mean shapes of groups for certain characters, which should provide reliable tools for selecting holotypes that are most representative even of cryptic species. Western Australian copepods from the genus Halicyclops Norman, 1903 (Halicyclopidae) were studied here in a subterranean archipelago of calcretes by a combination of molecular phylogenetics (using mitochondrial COI and 12S markers) and LBGM, on the same specimens. Bayesian analyses of molecular markers resulted in five deeply divergent and congruent clades, supported with maximum posterior probabilities. ANOVA analysis of LBGM data showed that the effect of these clades was a much larger contributor to shape variation than the effects of locality or individual. Therefore, five new endemic species were described, employing a condensed format appropriate for cryptic species. All of them are destined for extinction due to approved uranium mining in the region. Four morphological structures used for LBGM analyses provided different degrees of phenotypic species separation in both sexes, and representative holotypes and allotypes for one structure were sometimes close to species’ extremes of variability for another structure.
Preliminary investigation of age analysis in crustacean species from the Indian coast, using growth bands
Authors: Chakraborty Rekha Devi , Gayathri A. P. , Purushothaman P. , Kuberan G. , Maheswarudu G. , Abdussamad E. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study represents the first information on direct age determination based on band counts in the mesocardiac ossicle (gastric mill) and eyestalk, in Aristeus alcocki, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Panulirus homarus, and Portunus sanguinolentus from India. The determination of growth bands is important in understanding the accurate age of a specimen for the effective management strategies for stock sustainability of the natural resource. Longitudinal sections of the eyestalk and meso-cardiac ossicle of the gastric mill were observed for growth band counts in all species except for P. homarus, where the growth bands were recorded only in the ossicle. Growth bands count five in females and four in males of A. alcocki, respectively. In the case of inshore prawns, two growth bands were observed in P. monodon and one growth band in P. indicus, five growth bands in P. homarus, and three in P. sanguinolentus.
Statistical evidence for the presence of trajectory in single-cell data
Authors: Tenha Lovemore , Song Mingzhou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Cells progressing from an early state to a developed state give rise to lineages in cell differentiation. Knowledge of these lineages is central to developmental biology. Each biological lineage corresponds to a trajectory in a dynamical system. Emerging single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing can capture molecular abundance in diverse cell types in a developing tissue. Many computational methods have been developed to infer trajectories from single-cell data. However, to our knowledge, none of the existing methods address the problem of determining the existence of a trajectory in observed data before attempting trajectory inference.

Results
We introduce a method to identify the existence of a trajectory using three graph-based statistics. A permutation test is utilized to calculate the empirical distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis that a trajectory does not exist. Finally, a p-value is calculated to quantify the statistical significance for the presence of trajectory in the data.

Conclusions
Our work contributes new statistics to assess the level of uncertainty in trajectory inference to increase the understanding of biological system dynamics.
Impact of signal-averaged electrocardiography findings on appropriate shocks in prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure
Authors: Nomoto Michiru , Suzuki Atsushi , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Shoda Morio , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Appropriate shock therapy is associated with subsequent all-cause death in heart failure (HF) patients who receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. To evaluate the impact of signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) findings on appropriate shocks in prophylactic ICD patients with nonischemic systolic HF.

Methods
We studied 86 patients with nonischemic HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% who underwent new ICD implantation for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. We excluded patients who had a previously implanted permanent pacemaker and patients who received cardiac resynchronization therapy with an ICD. SAECG was performed before implantation. Abnormal SAECG findings were defined if 2 of the following 3 conditions were identified: filtered QRS duration (fQRS) ≥ 114 ms, root-mean-square voltage during the last 40 ms of the fQRS (RMS 40) < 20 μV, and duration of the low-amplitude potentials < 40 μV (LAS 40) > 38 ms; additionally, patients with a QRS complex ≥ 120 ms who met both the RMS 40 and LAS 40 criteria were also considered to have abnormal SAECG findings. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of appropriate shock after implantation of the ICD. The secondary outcomes were the first occurrence of inappropriate shock and all-cause mortality.

Results
Forty-two patients met the criteria for abnormal SAECG findings (49%). During a median follow-up period of 61 months, 17 patients (20%) died, 24 (28%) received appropriate shock therapy, and 19 (22%) received inappropriate shock therapy. There was a significantly higher incidence of appropriate shocks in patients with abnormal SAECG findings than in those with normal SAECG findings (log-rank test, p = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that abnormal SAECG findings were independently associated with the occurrence of appropriate shock (hazard ratio 2.67, 95% confidential interval 1.14–6.26). However, abnormal SAECG findings were not related to inappropriate shock. There was no difference in the incidence of all-cause death between patients with abnormal and normal SAECG findings.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that abnormal SAECG findings are associated with a high probability of appropriate shocks in prophylactic ICD patients with nonischemic systolic HF.
Decreased daily exercise since the COVID-19 pandemic and the deterioration of health-related quality of life in the elderly population: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tamai Koji , Terai Hidetomi , Takahashi Shinji , Katsuda Hiroshi , Shimada Nagakazu , Habibi Hasibullah , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
The current prolonging state of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), could affect many aspects of people’s lives, especially the elderly population who experience a decrease in regular exercise. However, whether this decrease in regular exercise affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the elderly population, remains unclear.

Methods
The current population-based cross-sectional survey aimed to identify the relationship between the decrease in regular exercise since the COVID-19 pandemic and any changes in the HRQOL in the general elderly Japanese population. This study was conducted as a part of the COVID-19 vaccination program in Habikino city in Japan, between June and July 2021 using printed questionnaires. The participants included residents of the city who were aged ≥ 65 years, and were being vaccinated for COVID-19 at the city’s center. The EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) was assessed at two different time points (pre-pandemic and current). Data on lifestyle changes, including their regular exercise routine since the pandemic, were collected.

Results
Finally, 14,494 participants (45.3% of the city’s total elderly residents) were enrolled. Among them, 4321 participants (29.8%) had experienced a decrease in regular exercise since the pandemic. These participants showed a significantly higher rate of deterioration in all the EQ-5D-5L domains than the participants who did not experience a decrease in regular exercise. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, participants with a decrease in regular exercise were significantly related to the EQ-5D-5L index deterioration compared to those with an unchanged regular exercise routine (p < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio = 5.60) independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the existence of back pain, joint pain, and/or numbness of extremities.

Conclusion
The current survey that included 45% of the elderly people living in a city revealed that up to 30% of them had experienced a decrease in the regular exercise since the COVID-19 pandemic. This decrease was significantly related to HRQOL deterioration independent of age, sex, BMI, baseline activities of daily living status, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Our data could be useful for understanding the current problem and provide a strong basis for the creation of exercise guidelines for the post-COVID-19 era.