bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does early disease progression predict survival after first line‐treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia?
Authors: Labreuche Julien , Assouan Deborah , Durot Eric , Tomowiak Cecile , Roos‐Weil Damien , Toussaint Elise , Bijou Fontanet , Lemal Richard , Brion Annie , Laribi Kamel , Ysebaert Loic , Duhamel Alain , Morel Pierre ,   for the French Innovative Leukaemia Organisation (FILO) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia group
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia (sWM) patients, prognosis is assessed with the international prognostic scoring system (IPSSWM). In follicular lymphoma and other B‐cell and T‐cell lymphomas, disease progression within 24 months (POD24) or (in patients without POD24) after 24 months has been proposed as the start date for stratifying subsequent survival. In the present report, we assessed in a large series of 472 sWM patients, the prognostic value of this new dynamic endpoint already reported in many other lymphomas subtypes. The 3 year subsequent survival for patients with POD24 was 75% and 93% for patients without POD24. In sWM patients, departure from the proportional hazards assumption complicated this analysis. In patients without POD24, the median subsequent progression‐free survival time of 43 months accounted for favorable outcome, whereas survival after progression was not influenced by the time to progression. In addition, sensitivity analysis showed that the baseline IPSSWM score also influenced survival after POD24. In sWM patients, we conclude that the apparent difference in survival after POD24 or the 24 months time‐point (in patients without POD24) is mainly explained by the prolonged subsequent progression free survival of latter patients. Indeed, the mortality after progression is not influenced by the time to this event.
The impact of aquaculture system on the microbiome and gut metabolome of juvenile Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)
Authors: Ding Xia , Jin Feng , Xu Jiawang , Zhang Shulei , Chen Dongxu , Hu Beijuan , Hong Yijiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe commercial aquatic animal microbiome may markedly affect the successful host's farming in various aquaculture systems. However, very little was known about it. Here, two different aquaculture systems, the rice–fish culture (RFC) and intensive pond culture (IPC) systems, were compared to deconstruct the skin, oral, and gut microbiome, as well as the gut metabolome of juvenile Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Higher alpha‐diversity and functional redundancy ofP. sinensismicrobial community were found in the RFC than those of the IPC. The aquaculture systems have the strongest influence on the gut microbiome, followed by the skin microbiome, and finally the oral microbiome. Source‐tracking analysis showed that the RFC's microbial community originated from more unknown sources than that of the IPC across all body regions. Strikingly, the RFC's oral and skin microbiome exhibited a significantly higher proportion of generalists and broader habitat niche breadth than those of the IPC, but not the gut. Null model analysis revealed that the RFC's oral and skin microbial community assembly was governed by a significantly greater proportion of deterministic processes than that of the IPC, but not the gut. We further identified the key gene and microbial contribution to five significantly changed gut metabolites, 2‐oxoglutarate,N‐acetyl‐d‐mannosamine,cis‐4‐hydroxy‐d‐proline, nicotinamide, andl‐alanine, which were significantly correlated with important categories of microbe‐mediated processes, including the amino acid metabolism, GABAergic synapse, ABC transporters, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as citrate cycle. Moreover, different aquaculture systems have a significant impact on the hepatic lipid metabolism and body shape ofP. sinensis. Our results provide new insight into the influence of aquaculture systems on the microbial community structure feature and assembly mechanism in an aquatic animal, also highlighting the key microbiome and gene contributions to the metabolite variation in the gut microbiome‐metabolome association.
Cost analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 test strategies using pooled reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction technique
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Kim Juyoung , Sung Heungsup , Jo Min‐Woo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the testing strategies for COVID‐19 (i.e., individual, simple pooling, and matrix pooling) in terms of cost.MethodsWe simulated the total expenditures of each testing strategy for running 10,000 tests. Three parameters were used: positive rate (PR), pool size, and test cost. We compared the total testing costs under two hypothetical scenarios in South Korea. We also simulated country‐specific circumstances in India, South Africa, South Korea, the UK, and the USA.ResultsAt extreme PRs of 0.01% and 10%, simple pooling was the most economic option and resulted in cost reductions of 98.0% (pool size ≥80) and 36.7% (pool size = 3), respectively. At moderate PRs of 0.1%, 1%, 2%, and 5%, the matrix pooling strategy was the most economic option and resulted in cost reductions of 97.0% (pool size ≥88), 86.1% (pool size = 22), 77.9% (pool size = 14), and 59.2% (pool size = 7), respectively. In both hypothetical scenarios of South Korea, simple pooling costs less than matrix pooling. However, the preferable options for achieving cost savings differed depending on each country's cost per test and PRs.ConclusionsBoth pooling strategies resulted in notable cost reductions compared with individual testing in most scenarios pertinent to real‐life situations. The appropriate type of testing strategy should be chosen by considering the PR of COVID‐19 in the community and the test cost while using an appropriate pooling size such as five specimens.
DNA damage response signaling pathways as important targets for combination therapy and chemotherapy sensitization in osteosarcoma
Authors: Alemi Forough , Malakoti Faezeh , Vaghari‐Tabari Mostafa , Soleimanpour Jafar , Shabestani Nazila , Sadigh Aydin R. , Khelghati Nafiseh , Asemi Zatollah , Ahmadi Yasin , Yousefi Bahman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignancy that occurs most often in young adults, and adolescents with a survival rate of 20% in its advanced stages. Nowadays, increasing the effectiveness of common treatments used in OS has become one of the main problems for clinicians due to cancer cells becoming resistant to chemotherapy. One of the most important mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy is through increasing the ability of DNA repair because most chemotherapy drugs damage the DNA of cancer cells. DNA damage response (DDR) is a signal transduction pathway involved in preserving the genome stability upon exposure to endogenous and exogenous DNA‐damaging factors such as chemotherapy agents. There is evidence that the suppression of DDR may reduce chemoresistance and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy in OS. In this review, we aim to summarize these studies to better understand the role of DDR in OS chemoresistance in pursuit of overcoming the obstacles to the success of chemotherapy.
Understanding trust between pediatric hospitalists and outpatient clinicians during hospital admissions: A multisite qualitative analysis
Authors: McDaniel Corrie E. , Arthur Kimberly C. , Arakelyan Mary , Stevens Cathryn , Montalbano Amanda , Ojugbele Olutosin , Leyenaar JoAnna K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring transitions between sites of care, clinicians must build trust with colleagues to make decisions that ensure safe, high‐quality care.ObjectivesThis study explored factors that could influence trust between outpatient clinicians and pediatric hospitalists when children are referred for hospital admission.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe conducted an analysis of 41 semistructured interviews with outpatient clinicians and pediatric hospitalists from May 2020 through October 2021 across three healthcare systems participating in a multisite comparative effectiveness study of pediatric direct and emergency department admissions.Intervention, Main Outcomes, and MeasuresQualitative interviews. A conceptual model for trust between outpatient clinicians and pediatric hospitalists during hospital admission referral. Interviews were professionally transcribed, verified for accuracy, and analyzed using a combination of inductive and deductive.ResultsWe identified two primary domains: (1) interpersonal trust and (2) trust‐by‐proxy. Interpersonal trust included five relational factors that influenced collaboration between clinicians: antecedent relationships, confidence in others clinical abilities, understanding others’ practice culture, recognition of available resources, and power dynamic. An individual clinicians’ assessment of risk and past clinical experiences also influenced trust during clinical decision‐making. Trust‐by‐proxy represented system‐level factors that could influence trust, independent of any pre‐existing relationships, including communication infrastructure, guidelines and protocols, the organizational culture, and professional courtesy.ConclusionInterpersonal and system‐level factors influence trust between outpatient clinicians and hospitalists during decision‐making encounters. System‐level factors may serve as a proxy for trust when clinicians do not have pre‐existing interpersonal relationships. These factors could be explored as an explicit target of interventions to improve interdisciplinary collaboration and decision‐making between hospitalists and primary care clinicians.
ENSO and Paraná flow variability: Long‐term changes in their connectivity
Authors: Antico Andrés , Vuille Mathias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Paraná River of South America is one of the largest rivers in the world. Although the connection between Paraná streamflow and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been studied before, little is known about the long‐term (interdecadal) changes of this connectivity. Here we reveal these changes by analysing long instrumental records of Paraná flow, ENSO indices and other climate variables. We find that flow and ENSO were connected in 1876–1940 and 1983–2016, but disconnected in 1941–1982. Flow variability was more related to central Pacific ENSO fluctuations in 1876–1940 but more linked with eastern Pacific ones in 1983–2016, probably because the ENSO–Paraná basin teleconnection was different in the two periods. ENSO‐related Pacific climate anomalies exhibited their smallest amplitudes during the disconnection period 1941–1982, suggesting that the ENSO–flow link vanishes when ENSO is weak. We also find that the ENSO–flow disconnection coincided with the coldest phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in the study period. Thus, the IPO may be modulating the ENSO–flow connectivity. Interestingly, during the disconnection years (1941–1982), flow was related to climate variability observed in sectors of the southern South Atlantic and tropical North Atlantic oceans. This and the other empirical results presented here provide new insights into the Paraná response to ENSO and thus provide valuable information for future mechanistic studies on this response.
Changes of Age‐related Auricular Cartilage Plasticity and Biomechanical Property in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Chen Lili , Li Chenlong , He Aijuan , Tong Hua , Lu Xinyu , Yang Run , Chen Xin , Wu Xu , Wang Xin , Wang Shuqi , Ma Jing , Fu Yaoyao , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesEar molding is an emerging technique that can correct auricular deformities. Treatment initiation time is the most important prognostic determinant of ear molding. Here, we aimed to examine why auricular cartilage plasticity appeared to diminish with age. Thus, we characterized age‐related changes in the biomechanical, biochemical, and morphological properties of auricular cartilage.MethodsNew Zealand rabbits were used as the experimental animal. We examined immature [postnatal 0 day (P0), 5 days (P5), 15 days (P15)], young [2 months (2M)], and mature [6 months (6M)] rabbits. Rabbits' ears were splinted and folded using adhesive fixation strips. Folding duration ranged from 1 day to 5 days to 10 days. Photographs were taken to calculate the retained fold angle. Cartilage morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) content were examined histologically (using hematoxylin–eosin, Safranin O, elastic Van Gieson, and Masson's trichrome). Water content, DNA content, and cell density were also analyzed. Biomechanical properties were measured using a Nano indenter.ResultsImmature ears had smaller angles after strip removal, and the angled deformation lasted a longer time. Cartilage matrix compositions, including glycosaminoglycan (GAG), elastin fiber, and collagen, increased over development. The water content, DNA content, and cell density decreased with age. Young's modulus was significantly higher in mature cartilage.ConclusionsHere, we successfully established an animal model of ear molding and demonstrated that immature cartilage was associated with better plasticity. We also found that the cartilage's biomechanical property increased with the accumulation of ECM. The biomechanical change could underlie age‐related shape plasticity.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:88–94, 2023
Distribution of weight, stature, and growth status in children and adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy: An observational retrospective study in the United States
Authors: Darras Basil T. , Guye Sabrina , Hoffart Janine , Schneider Sophie , Gravestock Isaac , Gorni Ksenija , Fuerst‐Recktenwald Sabine , Scalco Renata S. , Finkel Richard S. , De Vivo Darryl C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsData regarding weight, height/length, and growth status of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) who have received only supportive care are limited. This cross‐sectional study describes these measurements in patients with Type 1 and Types 2/3 SMA and compares them with reference values from typically developing children.MethodsRetrospective baseline data from three sites in the Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research Network (Boston, New York, Philadelphia) were used. Descriptive statistics for weight, height/length, body mass index‐for‐age, as well as weight‐for‐length and absolute and relative deviations from reference values (ie, 50th percentile from World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control growth charts) were calculated. Furthermore, growth status was reported.ResultsA total of 91 genetically confirmed patients with SMA receiving optimal supportive care and without any disease‐modifying treatment were stratified into Types 1 (n = 28) and 2/3 SMA (n = 63). Patients with Type 1 SMA weighed significantly less (median = −7.5%) compared with reference values and patients with Types 2/3 SMA were significantly shorter (mean = −3.0%) compared with reference values. The median weight was considerably below the 50th percentile in both groups of patients, even if they received a high standard of care and proactive feeding support.DiscussionMore research is needed to understand which factors influence growth longitudinally, and how to accurately capture growth in patients with SMA. Further research should investigate the best time to provide feeding support to avoid underweight, especially in patients with Type 1, and how to avoid the risk of overfeeding, especially in patients with Types 2/3 SMA.
Validity of dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry for estimation of visceral adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue change after surgery‐induced weight loss in women with severe obesity
Authors: Ashby‐Thompson Maxine , Heshka Stanley , Rizkalla Bridgette , Zurlo Rosalie , Lemos Thaisa , Janumala Isaiah , Goodpaster Bret , DeLany James , Courcoulas Anita , Strain Gladys , Pomp Alfons , Kang Patrick , Lin Susan , Thornton John , Gallagher Dympna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveReliable and simple methods to quantify visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and VAT changes are needed. This study investigated the validity of dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating VAT cross sectionally and longitudinally after surgery‐induced weight loss in women with severe obesity.MethodsWomen with obesity (n = 36; mean age 43 [SD 10] years; 89% White) with DXA and MRI before bariatric surgery (T0) at 12 (T12) and 24 months (T24) post surgery were included. CoreScan (GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois) estimated VAT from 20% of the distance between the top of the iliac crest and the base of the skull. MRI VAT (total VAT) was measured from the base of the heart to the sacrum/coccyx on a whole‐body scan.ResultsMean DXA VAT was 45% of MRI VAT at T0, 46% at T12, and 68% at T24. DXA underestimated change in MRI VAT between T0 and T12 by 26.1% (0.81 kg, p = 0.03) and by 71.7% (0.43 kg, p < 0.001) between T12 and T24. The relationship between DXA VAT and MRI VAT differed between T12 and T24 (p value for interaction = 0.03).ConclusionsCoreScan lacks validity for comparing VAT across individuals or for estimating the size of changes within individuals; however, within the limits of measurement error, it may provide a useful indicator of whether some VAT change has occurred within an individual.
Identification of fatigue damage modes for carbon fiber/epoxy composites using acoustic emission monitoring under fully reversed loading
Authors: Guo Yi‐Er , Shang De‐Guang , Zuo Lin‐Xuan , Qu Lin‐Feng , Hou Geng , Cai Di , Jin Tian , Yin Xiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the fatigue damage modes of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates with symmetrical architecture were investigated by acoustic emission (AE) technique under fully reversed loading. The principal component analysis and the K‐means cluster analysis using correlation AE characteristic parameters, including the energy, the amplitude, and the duration time, were performed to identify various damage modes during the fatigue test process. The analysis results of the AE signals indicated that the high‐intensity AE signals were generated by the compressive load and the low‐intensity AE signals were generated by the tensile load. The maximum energy and duration time generated by the compression load are approximately 20 and 10 times that of the tensile load, respectively, which was consistent with the force‐controlled static test results under tension and compression loadings. Therefore, the fatigue damage caused by the compressive load is much greater than that of tensile load under fully reversed loading. The results of the multi‐AE parametric clustering analysis combined with scanning electron microscope micromorphology revealed that the damage modes of the laminate specimens were classified into five types, namely matrix cracks, fiber/epoxy interface debonding, shear, delamination, and fiber breakage. In addition, the damage modes at different stages during the fatigue test process were also analyzed and discussed.
Variations of permafrost under freezing and thawing conditions in the coastal catchment Fuglebekken (Hornsund, Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
Authors: Majdański Mariusz , Dobiński Wojciech , Marciniak Artur , Owoc Bartosz , Glazer Michał , Osuch Marzena , Wawrzyniak Tomasz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo seismic field surveys were organized in the Fuglebekken coastal catchment of Hornsund, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, to map frozen and unfrozen ground and assess the spatial and temporal state of the permafrost. Surveys were conducted during maximum thawing in September and maximum freezing in April of the following year. The obtained seismic wavefields were interpreted using three methods: the dispersion of surface waves, seismic refraction, and travel time tomography. The seismic experiments were supported by nearby boreholes with continuous thermal monitoring. In the frozen survey, a gradual increase in ice content of water‐filled sediments was found, farther from the coast. In September the shallow sensors in the boreholes validated positive ground temperatures down to 3.0 m depth, with below‐zero temperatures at greater depths. However, seismic tomography indicated that the ground was unfrozen down to 30 m. The ground probably remained unfrozen due to intrusion of high‐salinity seawater, even though it had been below 0°C. In April, in the area 300 m and farther from the coast, the ground below 3 m depth was frozen, except for a 19‐m‐deep open talik identified in a borehole at the slope of Fugle Mountain. We attribute the complex spatial extent, form, and condition of permafrost in the Fuglebekken coastal catchment to multiple factors, including variable solar energy, snow and ground cover, thermal and humidity properties of the soil, subsurface water flow, and seawater intrusion. The presented combination of seismic methods provides a new robust and precise approach to assess the spatial variability of permafrost in a coastal environment. The proposed interpretation shows deep percolation of subsurface flow into permafrost and its seasonal unfreezing at a depth of 30 m in both the zone of saltwater intrusion and the slope area.
Improving stratocumulus cloud turbulence and entrainment parametrizations in OpenIFS
Authors: Fitch A. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA series of modifications to the stratocumulus cloud turbulence and entrainment parametrizations in the Open Integrated Forecasting System (OpenIFS) model are performed in a Lagrangian single‐column model framework to determine whether they are able to improve the representation of the stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer and its transition to cloud break‐up. Two very different regimes are studied and compared with large‐eddy simulations: a subtropical marine stratocumulus‐to‐cumulus transition case driven by a warming sea‐surface temperature, and an Arctic air‐mass transformation case where warm and moist air is advected over sea ice during wintertime. The addition of nonlocal mixing driven by stratocumulus cloud‐top cooling for stable and dry convective boundary‐layer types is found to sustain the cloud deck for longer in the Arctic case, while it dissipates around one day earlier in the original OpenIFS. The assumption that cloud‐top‐driven mixing reaches the surface, forming a coupled boundary layer, is relaxed. The resulting eddy diffusivity profile is altered such that mixing at cloud top may be enhanced relative to cloud base, promoting decoupling. Decoupling in the subtropical boundary layer is further promoted when the cloud‐top turbulent velocity scale is based on the integral of the in‐cloud buoyancy flux, accounting for the turbulence generated by latent heat release within the cloud, which increases cloud‐top entrainment further relative to cloud base. Some long‐standing model issues persist, such as underestimation of the subtropical boundary‐layer deepening rate, which leads to a cold and moist bias in the boundary layer. In the Arctic, the boundary layer is generally too well mixed and warm at the surface. The degree of decoupling is also underestimated in both cases. However, the modifications discussed here lead to some improvement in OpenIFS.