bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travelling Far and Wide? Applying the Multiple Streams Framework to Policy-Making in Autocracies
Authors: Herweg Nicole , Zahariadis Nikolaos , Zohlnhöfer Reimut 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) builds on the concepts of timing and ambiguity and their effects on the policy process. Since its introduction to agenda-setting in the U.S. presidential system, scholars have transferred the MSF’s core ideas to multiple issue areas, policy stages, and political systems. However, what has been lacking so far is a thorough discussion of the MSF’s travelling capacity to nondemocratic forms of government. Building on a brief summary of the MSF’s main ideas, this article discusses the challenges that policy-making in autocracies poses for MSF applications and ways to adapt it to the peculiarities that are typical for these regimes. The article focuses on the agenda-setting stage in which formal institutions are less important and introduces falsifiable hypotheses explaining agenda change. Due to tremendous differences regarding the organization of the decision-making process in autocratic regimes, the article only sketches out how the MSF could be adapted to explain policy change in this institutional setting. The article concludes with a discussion of whether the MSF is stretched too far by applying it to nondemocratic systems. It turns out that in theoretical and conceptual terms, the MSF travels surprisingly well to these systems.
Binding Stability of Antibody—α-Synuclein Complexes Predicts the Protective Efficacy of Anti-α-synuclein Antibodies
Authors: Höllerhage Matthias , Wolff Andreas , Chakroun Tasnim , Evsyukov Valentin , Duan Linghan , Chua Oscar Wing-Ho , Tang Qilin , Koeglsperger Thomas , Höglinger Günter U. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpreading of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) may play an important role in Parkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies. Passive immunization with anti-αSyn antibodies is a promising method to slow down the spreading process and thereby the progression of synucleinopathies. Currently, it remains elusive which specific characteristics are essential to render therapeutic antibodies efficacious. Here, we established a neuronal co-culture model, in which αSyn species are being released from αSyn-overexpressing cells and induce toxicity in a priori healthy GFP-expressing cells. In this model, we investigated the protective efficacy of three anti-αSyn antibodies. Only two of these antibodies, one C-terminal and one N-terminal, protected from αSyn-induced toxicity by inhibiting the uptake of spreading-competent αSyn from the cell culture medium. Neither the binding epitope nor the affinity of the antibodies towards recombinant αSyn could explain differences in biological efficacy. However, both protective antibodies formed more stable antibody-αSyn complexes than the non-protective antibody. These findings indicate that the stability of antibody-αSyn complexes may be more important to confer protection than the binding epitope or affinity to recombinant αSyn.
The Neuroprotective Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Stably Interacts with Specific Subtypes of Detergent-Resistant Membrane Domains in a Basigin-Independent Manner
Authors: Corraliza-Gomez Miriam , del Caño-Espinel Manuela , Sanchez Diego , Ganfornina Maria D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Accumulated evidence points to the lipocalin apolipoprotein D (ApoD), one of the few genes consistently upregulated upon brain ageing and neurodegeneration, as an endogenous controller of the redox state of cellular and extracellular lipid structures. This biochemical function has downstream consequences as apparently varied as control of glycocalyx and myelin compaction, cell viability upon oxidative stress or modulation of signalling pathways. In spite of this knowledge, it is still unclear if ApoD function requires canonical receptor-mediated transductions systems. This work aims to examine ApoD-cell membrane interaction and its dependence on a proposed ApoD receptor, Basigin. Whole and fractionated membrane preparations from the brain, primary astrocytes, glial and neuronal cell lines, reveal ApoD as a very specific component of particular subtypes of detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). ApoD interacts in vitro with neuronal membranes and is stably associated with astrocytic membranes. ApoD associates with DRMs with specific buoyancy properties that co-fractionate with plasma or late-endosome-lysosome markers. A mass spectrometry analysis reveals that these Triton X-114 DRMs contain both plasma membrane and endosomal-lysosomal compartment lipid raft proteins. ApoD-DRM association is maintained under metabolic and acute oxidative stress conditions. However, ApoD-membrane interaction, its internalization and its lipid-antioxidant function do not require the presence of Basigin. This work supports a stable association of ApoD with membranes, independent of Basigin, and provides the basis to fully understand ApoD antioxidant neuroprotective mechanism as a mechanism taking place in specific membrane subdomains.
Een uniform triageprotocol voor het signaleren van risicofactoren bij basisschoolkinderen door de jeugdgezondheidszorg
Authors: Theunissen Meinou H. C. , de Wilde Jeroen A. , Bezem Janine , van Harten Leanthe 
Published: April 2022

Samenvatting
Inleiding
Een uniform triageprotocol voor de jeugdgezondheidszorg (JGZ) beoogt bij te dragen aan een kwaliteitsverbetering van de signalering van gezondheidsrisico’s bij basisschoolkinderen. Het doel van dit onderzoek is om 1) de testeigenschappen van het uniforme triageprotocol te analyseren en 2) inzicht te krijgen in het oordeel van JGZ-professionals over de bruikbaarheid van het protocol in de JGZ-praktijk.

Methode
Er werden 459 basisschoolkinderen geïncludeerd die in aanmerking kwamen voor een routineonderzoek bij twee JGZ-organisaties. Oudergezondheidsvragenlijsten, gezondheidsdossiergegevens en JGZ-registratieformulieren werden gebruikt. De testeigenschappen van het protocol zijn vastgesteld, met bevindingen geïdentificeerd door JGZ-professionals en JGZ-vervolgacties (vervolgonderzoek JGZ of externe verwijzing) als criteria. De tevredenheid over het uniforme triageprotocol werd onderzocht door acht JGZ-professionals te interviewen.

Resultaten
De sensitiviteit (terecht positief) van het uniforme triageprotocol is voldoende tot goed, namelijk 0,73 voor identificatie van een bevinding en 0,91 voor JGZ-vervolgacties. De specificiteit (terecht negatief) is lager, respectievelijk 0,62 en 0,41. Professionals zijn tevreden over het gebruik van het uniforme triageprotocol.

Conclusie
Er worden weinig kinderen met risico’s gemist dankzij het uniforme triageprotocol en het instrument wordt door professionals bruikbaar bevonden in de dagelijkse JGZ-praktijk. Nader onderzoek is nodig om deze bevindingen te bevestigen, en om na te gaan in hoeverre deze werkwijze aansluit bij de behoeften van ouders.
Development and perspectives of relativistic astrophysics in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ahmedov Bobomurat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpeedy advancement in research in Astrophysics and related area around the globe has led scientists in Central Asia to produce high-quality research and constitute strong research in Relativistic Astrophysics and the Einstein theory of gravitation. Consequently, immense impact of this progress has been seen in central Asian countries in not only in research in Astrophysics and related areas, the academic institutions also received a trickle down effect in terms of the advancement in teaching as well as research. This focus of this paper is to overview the research incentives that are being taken up by the Theoretical Astrophysics Group located at Ulug Beg Astronomical Institute of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent.
Learning to Teach Mathematics Through Problem Solving
Authors: Bailey Judy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile there has been much research focused on beginning teachers; and mathematical problem solving in the classroom, little is known about beginning primary teachers’ learning to teach mathematics through problem solving. This longitudinal study examined what supported beginning teachers to start and sustain teaching mathematics through problem solving in their first 2 years of teaching. Findings show ‘sustaining’ required a combination of three factors: (i) participation in professional development centred on problem solving (ii) attending subject-specific complementary professional development initiatives alongside colleagues from their school; and (iii) an in-school colleague who also teaches mathematics through problem solving. If only one factor is present, in this study attending the professional development focussed on problem solving, the result was little movement towards a problem solving based pedagogy. Recommendations for supporting beginning teachers to embed problem solving are included.
Multifractal measures of the 2021 earthquake swarm in Hualien, Taiwan
Authors: Wang Jeen-Hwa , Chen Kou-Cheng , Chen Kou-Chang , Kim Kwang-Hee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn earthquake swarm occurred in Haulien, Taiwan, from April 7 to August 31, 2021. The epicenters are in the range from 23°47′ N to 24°04′ N and from 121°25′ E to 121°42′ E. Cq(r) and Cq(t) are the generalized correlation integral of r and t, respectively. From the events with local magnitudes ≥ 3 and focal depths ≤ 25 km, Cq(r) is calculated for the epicentral and hypocentral distribution (using the distance between two events, r) and Cq(t) for the time sequence (using the inter-event time between two events, t). The multifractal dimension Dq (q = 2, 3, …, 15) is the slope of the linear portion of the log–log plots of Cq(r) versus r as well as Cq(t) versus t. For the epicentral distribution, the linear pattern is in the range 0.5 ≤ log(r) ≤ 1.3. The measured values of Dq are all smaller than 2 that is the spatial dimension and monotonically decreases with increasing q. This indicates that the epicentral distribution of the swarm is multifractal. For the hypocentral distribution, a lack of a wide enough linear pattern on the log–log plot makes the hypocentral distribution be not multifractal. For the time sequence, the log–log plot of Cq(t) versus t shows a linear pattern in the range 0.5 ≤ log(t) ≤ 1.0. The values of Dq are all smaller than 1 that is the time dimension and monotonically decreases with increasing q, thus suggesting multifractality of the time sequence when t is shorter than the maximum inter-event time.
Asymptotic scaling and universality for skew products with factors in SL(2,)
Authors: KOCH HANS 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider skew-product maps over circle rotations
$x\mapsto x+\alpha \;(\mod 1)$
with factors that take values in
${\textrm {SL}}(2,{\mathbb {R}})$
. In numerical experiments, with
$\alpha $
the inverse golden mean, Fibonacci iterates of maps from the almost Mathieu family exhibit asymptotic scaling behavior that is reminiscent of critical phase transitions. In a restricted setup that is characterized by a symmetry, we prove that critical behavior indeed occurs and is universal in an open neighborhood of the almost Mathieu family. This behavior is governed by a periodic orbit of a renormalization transformation. An extension of this transformation is shown to have a second periodic orbit as well, and we present some evidence that this orbit attracts supercritical almost Mathieu maps.
A tale of two intensive care units (ICUs): Baseline Staphylococcus aureus colonization and mupirocin susceptibility in neonatal and pediatric patients requiring intensive care
Authors: Arora Harbir S. , Khan Humera , Ailumerab Haider , Natarajan Girija , Meert Kathleen , Salimnia Hussein , Valentini Rudolph , Thomas Ronald , Semproch Lynn , Asmar Basim I. , McGrath Eric J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess the incidence rate of S. aureus colonization at baseline along with the mupirocin susceptibility (or resistance) rate in patients in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in conjunction with the implementation of universal decolonization as the standard of care.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Children’s Hospital of Michigan (CHM) inpatient intensive care units (ICUs).Participants:Newly admitted pediatric patients to the CHM NICU or PICU aged between 1 day and ≤21 years.Interventions:Baseline and follow-up S. aureus screening cultures were obtained before patients underwent universal decolonization with mupirocin 2% antibiotic ointment (intranasal and umbilical) and chlorhexidine baths as standard of care to reduce CLABSI rates.Results:Baseline S. aureus colonization rates of new admissions to the CHM NICU and PICU were high at 32% and 29%, respectively. Baseline mupirocin susceptibility to any S. aureus growth was 98.4%. All baseline culture isolates whether positive for MRSA or MSSA, with one exception, had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ≤0.19 µg/mL. All follow-up study cultures after universal decolonization at 7 days or beyond with any S. aureus growth had mupirocin MICs of ≤0.125 µg/mL.Conclusions:Baseline S. aureus colonization rates of new admissions to the CHM ICUs were high as was baseline mupirocin susceptibility. Follow-up cultures, albeit limited in number, did not detect increasing mupirocin MICs over 1 year, despite broad mupirocin exposure due to the implementation of universal decolonization.
Sentiment is Not Stance: Target-Aware Opinion Classification for Political Text Analysis
Authors: Bestvater Samuel E. , Monroe Burt L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSentiment analysis techniques have a long history in natural language processing and have become a standard tool in the analysis of political texts, promising a conceptually straightforward automated method of extracting meaning from textual data by scoring documents on a scale from positive to negative. However, while these kinds of sentiment scores can capture the overall tone of a document, the underlying concept of interest for political analysis is often actually the document’s stance with respect to a given target—how positively or negatively it frames a specific idea, individual, or group—as this reflects the author’s underlying political attitudes. In this paper, we question the validity of approximating author stance through sentiment scoring in the analysis of political texts, and advocate for greater attention to be paid to the conceptual distinction between a document’s sentiment and its stance. Using examples from open-ended survey responses and from political discussions on social media, we demonstrate that in many political text analysis applications, sentiment and stance do not necessarily align, and therefore sentiment analysis methods fail to reliably capture ground-truth document stance, amplifying noise in the data and leading to faulty conclusions.
Backward Causation: Harder Than It Looks
Authors: Stradis Athamos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccording to David Albert, there are certain situations where we can cause events that lie in our past. In response to a well-known objection that we never observe backward causation, he argues that there are good reasons why we can’t tell when it obtains. However, I identify another difficulty with Albert’s view: at face value, it has the unattractive consequence that backward causation is not just possible, but rife. In this article, I show how this implication can be blocked. I then use my analysis to defend Albert’s account from a second well-known objection, namely, that it allows us to control the past.
The Unconscious Mind Worry: A Mechanistic-Explanatory Strategy
Authors: Krickel Beate 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent findings in different areas of psychology and cognitive science have brought the unconscious mind back to center stage. However, the unconscious mind worry remains: What renders unconscious phenomena mental? I suggest a new strategy for answering this question, which rests on the idea that categorizing unconscious phenomena as “mental” should be scientifically useful relative to the explanatory research goals. I argue that this is the case if by categorizing an unconscious phenomenon as “mental” one picks out explanatorily relevant similarities to a corresponding paradigmatically mental conscious phenomenon. Explanatory relevance is spelled out in terms of mechanistic norms.
Digital literacy and online political behavior
Authors: Guess Andrew M. , Munger Kevin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDigital literacy is receiving increased scholarly attention as a potential explanatory factor in the spread of misinformation and other online pathologies. As a concept, however, it remains surprisingly elusive, with little consensus on definitions or measures. We provide a digital literacy framework for political scientists and test survey items to measure it with an application to online information retrieval tasks. There exists substantial variation in levels of digital literacy in the population, which we show is correlated with age and could confound observed relationships. However, this is obscured by researchers’ reliance on online convenience samples that select for people with computer and internet skills. We discuss the implications of these measurement and sample selection considerations for effect heterogeneity in studies of online political behavior. We argue that there is no universally applicable formula for selecting a given non-probability sample or operationalization of the concept of digital literacy; instead, we conclude, researchers should make theoretically informed arguments about how they select both sample and measure.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and incidence of dyslipidaemias: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Scaranni Patricia de Oliveira da Silva , de Oliveira Cardoso Leticia , Griep Rosane Härter , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Barreto Sandhi Maria , da Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltra-processed foods (UPF) have been associated with cardiometabolic outcomes, but the literature has still not reported their association with the incidence of dyslipidaemias, one of the most important risk factors for the occurrence of CVD. The objective of this study was to verify the association between consumption of UPF and incidence of dyslipidaemia in Brazilian civil servants at a 4-year follow-up. The study used data from 5275 participants at baseline and on the first follow-up visit in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). We applied a FFQ at baseline and identified UPF from NOVA classification of foods as to the extent and purpose of processing. The proportion (weight) of UPF in the total diet was calculated for each participant and categorised in tertiles, corresponding to low (first tertile), medium (second tertile) and high (third tertile) consumption. A mixed-effects logistic model was used to obtain the incidence of dyslipidaemia associated with the consumption of UPF. Individuals with medium and high consumption of UPF showed increases in the risks of development of isolated hypercholesterolaemia by 12 % (OR = 1·12, CI 1·00, 1·27) and 28 % (OR = 1·28, CI 1·12, 1·47), of isolated hypertriacylglycerolaemia by 14 % (OR = 1·14, CI 1·03, 1·26) and 30 % (OR = 1·30, CI 1·17–1·45), of mixed hyperlipidaemia by 21 % (OR = 1·21, CI 1·05, 1·39) and 38 % (OR = 1·38, CI 1·18, 1·62), and of low-HDL by 12 % (OR = 1·12, CI 1·00–1·24) and 18 % (OR = 1·18, CI 1·05, 1·32), respectively, compared with participants who consumed less UPF. Our findings showed important cardiovascular risk associated with the consumption of UPF and a gradient in the consumption’s effect, so these products should be discouraged.
Social determinants of obesity in American Indian and Alaska Native peoples aged ≥ 50 years
Authors: Goins R Turner , Conway Cheryl , Reid Margaret , Jiang Luohua , Chang Jenny , Huyser Kimberly R , Brega Angela G , Steiner John F , Fyfe-Johnson Amber L , Johnson-Jennings Michelle , Hiratsuka Vanessa , Manson Spero M , O’Connell Joan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:American Indian and Alaska Native peoples (AI/AN) have a disproportionately high rate of obesity, but little is known about the social determinants of obesity among older AI/AN. Thus, our study assessed social determinants of obesity in AI/AN aged ≥ 50 years.Design:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using multivariate generalised linear mixed models to identify social determinants associated with the risk of being classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2). Analyses were conducted for the total study population and stratified by median county poverty level.Setting:Indian Health Service (IHS) data for AI/AN who used IHS services in FY2013.Participants:Totally, 27 696 AI/AN aged ≥ 50 years without diabetes.Results:Mean BMI was 29·8 ± 6·6 with 43 % classified as obese. Women were more likely to be obese than men, and younger ages were associated with higher obesity risk. While having Medicaid coverage was associated with lower odds of obesity, private health insurance was associated with higher odds. Living in areas with lower rates of educational attainment and longer drive times to primary care services were associated with higher odds of obesity. Those who lived in a county where a larger percentage of people had low access to a grocery store were significantly less likely to be obese.Conclusions:Our findings contribute to the understanding of social determinants of obesity among older AI/AN and highlight the need to investigate AI/AN obesity, including longitudinal studies with a life course perspective to further examine social determinants of obesity in older AI/AN.
Ultra-wide band flexible antenna applicable for dual-band on-body communications
Authors: Hassan Walaa M. , Saad Ayman Ayd R. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, an ultra-wideband printed flexible monopole antenna is proposed for indoor wireless communications. A flexible Rogers RO3003 is used as a substrate, and its performance is estimated for a flat state and when subject to bending along the y-axis. A 2.45 and 5.8 GHz dual-band textile artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface consisting of a 4 × 4 unit-cell array was integrated into antenna design with optimum separation distance to extend its potential applications to wearable on-body communications. The specific absorption rate (SAR) levels were numerically investigated using the Hugo human voxel model at both frequencies to evaluate the on-body safety level. Detailed analysis is presented for antenna designs of flat and bent states in free space and on the human body. The proposed UWB flexible antenna has the size of 41 × 38 × 0.25 mm (0.33λ0 × 0.31λ0 × 0.002λ0 at 2.45 GHz). It was added at a distance of 3 mm above a textile AMC surface of 99 × 99 mm. The integrated model is fabricated and experimentally characterized. Measured data and numerical results show that the impedance matching and radiation characteristics are slightly affected by introducing the bending and human body loading. With these remarkable features, the integrated model can be utilized for wireless indoor and wearable applications.