bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internalized stigma and self-esteem among remitted patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Jenhani R. , Ellouze S. , Bougacha D. , Znaidi F. , Ghachem R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSelf-stigmatization in patients with bipolar disorder could lead to shame, self-judgement, impaired quality of life, and could negatively affect self-esteem imeding recovery.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess self-stigma in remitted patients with bipolar disorder and to evaluate its impact on self-esteem.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study of 61 patients with bipolar disorder. Euthymia was verified using the Hamilton scale for depression and the Young scale for mania. We used the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) to evaluate self-stigma, and the Rosenberg scale to assess self-esteem.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 43.4 years. The sex ratio was 2.4. The mean score on the ISMI was 2.36. More than half of our patients (59%) were self-stigmatized. With regard to self-esteem, the mean score obtained on the Rosenberg scale was 27.72. Low or very low self-esteem was found in 54% of patients. The most self-stigmatized patients had significantly lower self-esteem (p<10-3).ConclusionsInternalized stigmatization negatively affects self-esteem of patients with bipolar disorder. Psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral therapy would improve self-esteem and enhance psychosocial treatment adherence and move people with bipolar disorder toward a culture of recovery based on hope and self-determination.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Working memory performance in euthymic bipolar patients
Authors: Charfi N. , Bouaziz A. , Gassara I. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Omri S. , Maalej M. , Zouari L. , Ben Thabet J. , Maalej M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWorking memory (WM) deficit in bipolar disorder (BD) is heterogeneous and seems to be affected by both, demographic and clinical aspects, of the patient.ObjectivesTo assess the WM performance in euthymic bipolar patients (BP) comparing to healthy controls (HC) and to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with it.MethodsA case-control study was conducted among euthymic bipolar patients according to DSM-5. The recruitment of patients was performed in the outpatient psychiatric unit in the university hospital Hedi Chaker in Sfax during the period from January to December 2020. The HC were matched to BP on gender, age and education level. The Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry scale (SCIP) was used to assess the WM performance by the WM test (WMT).ResultsWe recruited 61 BP (37 males and 24 females) and 40 HC (20 males and 20 females). The average age of BP was 41.75 years (SD=11.6 years). The BD group included 47 BD type I and 14 BD type II patients. The mean duration of illness was 9.75 years (SD=7.93 years). Thirty-seven BP (60.7%) had a history of psychotic symptoms. The WMT score was significantly lower among BP than HC (p<0,001). The female gender, the type II of BD and the history of psychotic symptoms correlated with a poorer performance on WMT (p=0.019; 0.017 and 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsBP have shown significant impaired performance in WM even during euthymia. Female gender of patient, type II of BD and psychotic symptoms seem to be the predictors of this impairment.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Characteristics of Perpetrators of Neonaticide
Authors: Klier C. , Amon S. , Fernandez Arias P. 
Published: September 2022

Authors: Klier CM, Amon S, Fernandez Arias P Introduction Denial of pregnancy the most important risk factor for neonaticide and is a frequent pregnancy associated disorders. It occurs more often than placenta previa or uterus rupture. Wessel found that 1 in 475 women deny pregnancy, but a new study by Simermann even found a higher prevalence of 1:300. We studied how women face their reproductive potential before the denied pregnancy occurs. Moreover pregnancy variables in this group were compared to Austrian population data. Methods In total, there were 69 neonaticide victims between 1995 and 2017. We analysed 55 neonaticide cases, committed by 48 perpetrators, whereas 4 of them were repeated perpetrator and responsible for 11 cases. We also included three cases of suspected neonaticides, whereas later the coroner identified a natural cause of death. The datasheet contains 553 variables, all cases were code by one rater SA. Specifically we looked at the following variables: method of contraception, partner’s interest in contraception, abortion, evidence of pregnancy, motives of pregnancy negation, pregnancy symptoms, prenatal care, awareness of environment, living situation during pregnancy and at birth, immediate reaction to birth Results We found a high percentage of women who did not use contraception (53%), specifically when compared to the percentages of the Austrian population data from a recent survey (26%). When the contraceptive methods were looked at, women in the neonaticide group did practically not use any method with a pearl index of <4, in comparison to 20% in the general population. A high adolescent birth rate (47%) could be shown in comparison to the population (3%). Conclusions It needs further research to find out how denial of pregnancy and reproductive potential are connected and if the reasons for denial of pregnancy are the precursors of the reproductive denial also.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Can we really treat mentally ill patients involuntarily?
Authors: Gonçalves Cerejeira J. , Medina Ojeda G. , Santos Carrasco I. , De Andrés Lobo C. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Vallecillo Adame C. , Guerra Valera G. , Queipo De Llano De La Viuda M. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe therapeutic alliance is critical to the efficacy of psychiatric treatment and can be weakened by involuntary treatment measures. In Western culture, mental illness is still associated with violence and if significant risk of violence is detected, in Spain a civil court can order the application of involuntary treatments such as Involuntary Outpatient Commitment.ObjectivesTo discuss the effectiveness of some psychiatric involuntary treatments used in Spain.Methods- Literature review about involuntary psychiatric treatments used in Spain - Case report about a patient undergoing Involuntary Outpatient CommitmentResultsWe present the case of a 54-year-old man, diagnosed with schizophrenia, admitted to our acute psychiatric yard more than five times due to violent behavior and psychotic symptoms. Five years ago, he was summitted to a period of three years of Involuntary Outpatient Commitment. In Spain this measure can include the administration of involuntary medication, an injectable antipsychotic treatment in this case. At the end of the order, he immediately stops attending consultations and abandoned psychopharmacological treatment.ConclusionsInvoluntary Outpatient Commitment is a controversial measure and it stirs up the concepts of stigma, coercion, care, patient autonomy and, globally, the values of humanization in psychiatry.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Impact of childhood trauma on functioning of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Bougacha D. , Ellouze S. , Jenhani R. , Ghachem R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionExposure to severe childhood trauma has been associated with the onset and the severity of bipolar disorder in adults.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and functioning of patients suffering from bipolar disorder.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study, including sixty-one remitted patients with BD. We used the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) to measure history of traumatic childhood experiences and the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) to assess functioning.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 43.4. The sex ratio was 2.4. Almost two-thirds of patients (64%) had experienced at least one type of childhood trauma. An overall functional impairment was found in 70.5% of participants. The CTQ total score was significantly associated with low educational level (p=0.001), low socio-economic status (P=0.034), a family history of psychosis (P=0.022), the number of mood episodes (P=0.001), the number of hospitalizations (P=0.04), the number of relapses with psychotic features (p=0.002) and that of depressive relapses (P<0.001), rapid cycling (P=0.012), higher rates of suicide attempts (P=0.04) and poor functioning (P<0.001).The logistic regression analyses showed a significant association of childhood trauma with low educational level (p=0.001), high number of depressive episodes (p=0.013) and poor functioning (p<0.001).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that childhood abuse and neglect are risk factors associated with worsening clinical course of bipolar disorder and higher functional impairment. These findings press the urgency for preventive practices and early intervention strategies to diminish the prevalence of childhood trauma and minimize their impact.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Euthanasia in Mental Health. About a case
Authors: González Bocelo I. , Millan Lozano I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionReflection on the impact of this law on people with a Mental health disorder is required. It is a complex issue, in which it must be considered that these disorders are very prevalent, can greatly affect the quality of life and are often resistant to treatment.ObjectivesExplore the first request of this type and review aspects to consider in patients with mental health disorders.MethodsCollection of data from the first patient who requests it and review related aspects.ResultsThis is a patient with a personality disorder who presents significant suffering, in a chronic context, but at the same time makes the request in a moment of crisis as an impulsive gesture.ConclusionsPending evolution, we consider that it is difficult to assess compliance with the requirements of the law in patients of this type and we recommend caution.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Inflammation and autoimmune indicators in the differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in children
Authors: Androsova L. , Simashkova N. , Zozulya S. , Shushpanova O. , Otman I. , Klyushnik T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) is one of the most urgent problems of psychiatry because of their high prevalence, diagnostic difficulties as well as insufficient knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms.ObjectivesTo determine the number of inflammation markers in patients with various forms of ASD in links with features of a clinical condition for creating diagnostic criteria for differential diagnosis and improve reliability.MethodsThe clinical examination of patients (135 children with various ASD forms) was carried out by using psychometric scales (CARS, BFCRS, CGI-S). The activity of inflammation markers (LE and α1-PI) and the level of autoantibodies to S-100b and MBP were measured in plasma. Complex evaluation of immune system activation was also conducted, taking into consideration interactions of innate and adaptive immunity.ResultsNon-psychotic ASD forms (Asperger’s syndrome and Kanner’s syndrome) were not accompanied by a change of the immunological indices in comparison with control. In psychotic ASD forms, a significant increase of the studied indices was revealed (р<0.05). Correlation between the complex evaluation of the immune system activation and the stage of the disease (r=0.49, р<0.05) was demonstrated. Also the significant correlations between the severity of autistic disorders according to CARS (r=0.48, p<0.05), catatonic disorders by BFCRS (r=0.42, p<0.05), and the assessment by CGI (r= 0.61, p<0.05) were observed.ConclusionsThe immune markers as well as their complex evaluation may be used as additional diagnostic criteria in the clinical examination for differential ASD diagnostics and assessment of the quality of remission, and also monitoring of the patient condition.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Investigation of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies in first episode psychosis patients
Authors: Zsigmond R.I. , Herman L. , Réthelyi J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune limbic encephalitis, where psychiatric symptoms are often the initial presentation dominant initially. These patients are mainly admitted to psychiatric wards, due to first episode psychosis (FEP).ObjectivesMultiple studies analysed whether anti-NMDAR antibodies were present in the sera of schizophrenic patients, but results have not verified this hypothesis. It is possible, however, that unknown autoimmune antibodies play a role in FEP, similarly to anti-NMDAR antibodies.Methods40 patients with FEP and 30 healthy controls have been recruited to the study. Patients with affective psychosis, drug-related psychosis and patients with diagnosed encephalitis were excluded. The sera were tested with immune fluorescent assays for anti-NMDAR antibodies. A non-specific method was used to test anti-brain antibody activity on monkey-cerebellum and rat-hippocampus slices.ResultsNeither the samples from the 40 patients, nor the samples of healthy controls contained anti-NMDAR antibodies. 14 of the patients’ and only 6 of the healthy controls’ serum showed positive reaction of the neuroendothelium. These results suggest that there is a difference between the groups, although the results are not significant.ConclusionsNone of the 40 patients proved positive for anti-NMDAR antibodies in agreement with previous studies. However, a higher proportion of samples from the FEP group showed activity in the neuroendothelium of non-specific immune fluorescent assays compared to healthy controls. Based on literature and on our experience, it is possible, that unknown autoimmune antibodies play role in FEP.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Dynamics of immune markers in different variants of post-psychotic depression after first-episode psychosis in young adult age
Authors: Zozulya S. , Tikhonov D. , Kaleda V. , Klyushnik T. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionResearch in recent decades focuses on understanding the role of the immune system in First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) at a young age. Our studies indicate that different stages of schizophrenia differ in the spectrum of inflammation markers. These indicators reflect the activity of the pathological process, using them as markers of the clinical state of patients at different stages of the disease.ObjectivesTo assess the relationship of immune markers with the clinical features of remission in patients after FEP.MethodsFifty patients aged 15-25 years with post-psychotic depression (PD) after FEP (F20, F25) and 30 healthy men were included in the study. The follow-up period was two years. PD typological variants with positive affectivity (PA) (n=30) and negative affectivity (NA) (n=20) were distinguished. Leukocyte elastase (LE), a1-proteinase inhibitor (a1-PI) activity, and S-100B autoantibodies in plasma samples were measured.ResultsThe increase of LE and a1-PI activity in plasma of both types of PD patients compared to controls was detected (p<0.01). There was the highest LE activity and S-100B autoantibodies in PD with NA (p<0.05). The different dynamics of immune markers in both groups were correlated to the clinical features of remission. PD with PA was associated with a decrease in inflammatory markers (p<0.05) and a favorable prognosis. PD patients with NA had a further increase in LE activity and S-100B autoantibodies (p<0.01), and an unfavorable prognosis.ConclusionsThe results confirm using the immune indicators as markers to assess the quality of remission after FEP in young adult age and the risk of recurrent psychotic attacks.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Developmental trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive-behavioral therapy
Authors: Jimenez-Murcia S. , Granero R. , Fernandez-Aranda F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionGambling disorder (GD) is characterized by repeated problematic gambling behavior associated with unsuccessful and uncontrollable urges to keep gambling, which leads to considerable distress and impairment. Several types of interventions exist to treat GD, with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) being one of the most widely used approaches.ObjectivesTo estimate trajectories of the gambling disorder (GD) severity for 12 months following a manualized cognitive-behavior-therapy (CBT) program, and to identify the main variables associated with each trajectory.MethodsLatent Class Growth Analysis examined the longitudinal changes of n = 603 treatment-seeking patients with GD.ResultsFive separate empirical trajectories were identified: T1 (n = 383, 63.5%) was characterized by the most highest baseline gambling severity levels and positive progress to recovery during the follow-up period; T2 (n = 154, 25.5%) featured participants with high baseline gambling severity and good progress to recovery; T3 (n = 30, 5.0%) was made up of patients with high gambling baseline severity and slow progress to recovery; T4 (n = 13, 2.2%) and T5 (n = 23, 3.8%) contained participants with high baseline gambling severity and moderate (T4) and poor (T5) progress in GD severity during the follow-up. Psychopathology, personality traits, poor compliance and relapses discriminated between trajectories.ConclusionsThese results show that treatment seeking patients with GD are heterogeneous. In addition, the obtained findings could be useful in the design of more efficient interventions for this behavioral addiction. Funding oftained from RTI2018-101837B-I00DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effect of Tobacco Cessation Aids on Smoking Cessation and Duration of Abstinence : a French Population-Based Study
Authors: Fekom M. , Nguyen-Thanh V. , Andler R. , Quatremere G. , Guignard R. , Melchior M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAlthough smoking prevalence has been decreasing worldwide, sustained tobacco cessation remains a challenging goal for many smokers. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products remain among the most widespread type of cessation tobacco aids, along with the more recently introduced electronic cigarette, the efficiency of which is still a matter of debate in the public health community.ObjectivesThis study aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion about effective ways of encouraging tobacco cessation and in particular evaluating the role of the two aforementioned tobacco cessation aids with regard to lasting smoking abstinence in real-life settings.MethodsThe study is based on the French 2017 Health Barometer, a cross-sectional survey conducted by Santé Publique France. Two distinct outcomes related to tobacco cessation were used: smoking status at 6 months follow-up (yes vs. no) and the duration of smoking abstinence. These two study outcomes were examined respectively among N1 = 2783 and N2 = 1824 participants. All results were weighted based on inclusion probability weights and controlled for propensity scores via overlap weighting (OW), which is appropriate when exposure groups are disparate.ResultsAfter adjusting on potential confounders, tobacco cessation at 6 months remains significantly associated with e-cigarette use (OR: 1.50 (1.12-1.99)) and e-cigarette use combined with NRT (OR:1.88 (1.15-3.07)). This association did not reach statistical significance in the long-term analysis, nor did the results of NRT use alone in both analyses.ConclusionsOverall, while electronic cigarette use alone and combined with NRT is associated with an increase in the likelihood of smoking cessation, the long-term effects are probably limited.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Characterization of a microglia-specific humanized P2X7 receptor knock-out mouse line: Implications for translational psychoneuroimmunology
Authors: Urbina Trevino L. , Von Mücke-Heim I.-A. , Deussing J. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDepression is a common psychiatric disorder and chronic stress is considered its main environmental risk factor. Recently, immune processes including adenosine triphosphate mediated P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) signalling via microglia and macrophages (M/Ms) were found to play a critical role in depression genesis, by linking environmental stress to depression biology and symptoms.ObjectivesTo characterize the role of human P2X7R (hP2X7R) in psychosocial and immune stress conditions, both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsSeveral, custom designed mouse lines expressing the loxP-flanked, hP2X7R-sequence in the murine P2X7R locus were established. In addition, these mice possess a Cre-sensitive reporter and express a Cre recombinase fused to a mutant estrogen receptor
ligand-binding domain in M/Ms. This enables conditional, tamoxifen-inducible hP2X7R inactivation and simultaneous tdTomato expression. First, we established primary microglia cell cultures and characterized them at baseline and following immune stimulation. Next, we performed behavioural assessment of hP2X7Rwt and microglia-specific hP2X7RKO mice following chronic psychosocial stress. Last, we developed a novel in vivo two-photon microscopy (TPM) approach by use of frontolimbic cranial windows.ResultsPrimary hP2X7RKO microglia displayed significantly lower IL-1β production, increased survival and decreased morphological activation upon immune stimulation. Although hP2X7RKO mice showed a significant increase of locomotor activity at baseline, there was no impact on anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes. Longitudinal in vivo TPM enabled morphometric characterization of cortical M/Ms over several weeks.ConclusionsOur results illustrate the great potential of this humanized mouse line for translational psychiatry. In the future, this system could proof useful to evaluate immunomodulatory approaches in chronic stress and depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Resistance or pseudo-resistance?
Authors: Zanardi R. , Attanasio F. , De Cesare C. , Fazio V. , Colombo C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTreatment-Resistant Depression continues to represent a great challenge for clinicians.ObjectivesWe investigated patients with history of resistance, assessing prognostic factors, response to treatments, and remission over time.MethodsWe recruited 202 unipolar and bipolar depressed inpatients. According to anamnestic backgrounds, patients were assigned to: A) Non-resistant
: responders, with no characteristics of resistance in the current episode. B) Resistant: resistant to two antidepressant trials of adequate doses and duration. C) Pseudo-resistant
: non-responders, not classifiable as Resistant because of inadequate trials. During hospitalization, patients were treated by clinical judgment, following a rehabilitation program.Results
Table 1Non-resistant (111)Resistant (54)Pseudo-resistant (35)p-valueAge59.1±11.963.0±12.657.0±11.30.036*Episodes of illness3.8±2.14.0±1.93.0±1.80.036*Personality disorders27.0%18.9%48.6%0.009**Therapies:0.014**SSRI62.4%40.4%69.7%SNRI19.8%42.3%15.1%TCA17.8%17.3%15.1%Augmentation24.3%38.9%17.1%0.05**Remission76.5%59.5%81.2%CvsB:0.045** CvsA:0.587**On the day of admission, non-responders were 44.5% of the sample, but 39.3% of them did not meet the Resistant criteria, defining the Pseudo-resistant
group. Pseudo-resistant
differed from others by younger age, fewer illness episodes, higher rate of personality disorders, and different therapies during hospitalization [Fig.1,2,3]. Pseudo-resistant
remission rate, significantly greater than Resistant one, was comparable to Non-resistant
[Tab.1]. *Kruskal-Wallis Test **Chi-Squared TestConclusionsThis study outlines a new group of depressed patients that, apparently drug-resistant, displays the same outcome as responders when treated with first-line drugs during hospitalization, certainly taking benefit from the psychoeducational program. Quick recognition of these patients could be crucial to giving optimal care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.