bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New strategy for the identification of prostate cancer: The combination of Proclarix and the prostate health index
Authors: Terracciano Daniela , La Civita Evelina , Athanasiou Alcibiade , Liotti Antonietta , Fiorenza Mariano , Cennamo Michele , Crocetto Felice , Tennstedt Pierre , Schiess Ralph , Haese Alexander , Ferro Matteo , Steuber Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesProstate health index (PHI) and, more recently, Proclarix have been proposed as serum biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we aimed to evaluate Proclarix and PHI for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).Patients and MethodsProclarix and PHI were measured using samples of 344 men from two different centers. All patients underwent prostate biopsy, and among those, 188 men with PCa on biopsy had an additional radical prostatectomy (RP). All men had a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) between 2 and 10 ng/ml. Evaluation of area under the curve (AUC) and performance at predefined cut‐offs of Proclarix and PHI risk scores as well as the linear combination thereof was performed to predict csPCa. PSA density was used as an independent comparator.ResultsThe cohort median age and PSA were 65 (interquartile range [IQR]: 60−71) and 5.6 (IQR: 4.3−7.2) ng/ml, respectively. CsPCa was diagnosed in 161 (47%) men based on the RP specimen. ROC analysis showed that Proclarix and PHI accurately predicted csPCa with no significant difference (AUC of 0.79 and 0.76, p = 0.378) but significantly better when compared to PSA density (AUC of 0.66, p < 0.001). When using specific cut‐offs, Proclarix (cut‐off 10) revealed higher specificity and positive predictive value than PHI (cut‐off 27) at similar sensitivities. The combination of Proclarix and PHI provided a significant increase in the AUC (p ≤ 0.007) compared to the individual tests alone and the highest clinical benefit was achieved.ConclusionResults of this study show that both Proclarix and PHI accurately detect the presence of csPCa. The model combining Proclarix and PHI revealed the synergistic effect and improved the diagnostic performance of the individual tests.
Circulating microRNA profiling for prediction of oncological outcomes in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Takamori Hajime , Urabe Fumihiko , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Kimura Shoji , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kimura Takahiro , Inaba Koji , Nakamura Eijiro , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough radical prostatectomy is associated with good long‐term oncological outcomes, approximately 30% of patients present biochemical recurrence, whereupon salvage treatments are required. Identification of novel molecular biomarkers to predict cancer behavior is clinically important. Here, we developed a novel microRNA (miRNA)‐based prognostic model for patients who underwent radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the clinical records of 295 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2009 and 2017. We randomly assigned these cases into training or validation sets. The prognostic model was constructed using Fisher linear discriminant analysis in the training set, and we evaluated its performance in the validation set.ResultsOverall, 72 patients had biochemical recurrence. A prediction model was constructed using a combination of three miRNAs (miR‐3147, miR‐4513, and miR‐4728‐5p) and two pathological factors (pathological T stage and Gleason score). In the validation set, the predictive performance of the model was confirmed to be accurate (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.80; sensitivity: 0.78; specificity: 0.76). Additionally, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the patients with a low prediction index had significantly longer recurrence‐free survival than those with a high index (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCirculating miRNA profiles can provide information to predict recurrence after prostatectomy. Our model may be helpful for physicians to decide follow‐up strategies for patients.
Bioinspired Freeze‐Tolerant Soft Materials: Design, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Valenzuela Cristian , Wu Jianhua , Chen Yuanhao , Wang Ling , Feng Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn nature, many biological organisms have developed the exceptional antifreezing ability to survive in extremely cold environments. Inspired by the freeze resistance of these organisms, researchers have devoted extensive efforts to develop advanced freeze‐tolerant soft materials and explore their potential applications in diverse areas such as electronic skin, soft robotics, flexible energy, and biological science. Herein, a comprehensive overview on the recent advancement of freeze‐tolerant soft materials and their emerging applications from the perspective of bioinspiration and advanced material engineering is provided. First, the mechanisms underlying the freeze tolerance of cold‐enduring biological organisms are introduced. Then, engineering strategies for developing antifreezing soft materials are summarized. Thereafter, recent advances in freeze‐tolerant soft materials for different technological applications such as smart sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage, and cryogenic medical applications are presented. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for the rapid development of bioinspired freeze‐tolerant soft materials are discussed.
A cable‐driven soft robotic end‐effector actuator for probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy: Development and preclinical validation
Authors: DeLorey Charles , Davids Joseph D. , Cartucho Joao , Xu Chi , Roddan Alfie , Nimer Amr , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara , Thompson Alex James , Akhond Saina , Runciman Mark , Mylonas George , Giannarou Stamatia , Avery James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoft robotics is becoming a popular choice for end‐effectors. An end‐effector was designed that has various advantages including ease of manufacturing, simplicity and control. This device may have the advantage of enabling probe‐based devices to intraoperatively measure cancer histology, because it can flexibly and gently position a probe perpendicularly over an area of delicate tissue. This is demonstrated in a neurosurgical setting where accurate cancer resection has been limited by lack of accurate visualisation and impaired tumour margin delineation with the need for in‐situ histology. Conventional surgical robotic end‐effectors are unsuitable to accommodate a probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (p‐CLE) probe because of their rigid and non‐deformable properties, which can damage the thin probe. We have therefore designed a new soft robotic platform, which is advantageous by conforming to the probe's shape to avoid damage and to facilitate precision scanning.
Considerations for furbearer trapping regulations to prevent grizzly bear toe amputation and injury
Authors: Lamb Clayton , Smit Laura , McLellan Bruce , Vander Vennen Lucas M. , Proctor Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnder the North American Model of wildlife Conservation, wildlife managers are encouraged to update management approaches when new information arises whose implementation could improve the viability of wildlife populations and the well‐being of animals. Here we detail an observation of several grizzly bears with amputated toes in southeast British Columbia between 2016‐2020 and assemble evidence to inform management strategies to remedy the issue. During the capture of 59 grizzly bears, 4 individuals (~7%) had amputated toes on one of their front feet. The wounds were all healed and linear in nature. Further opportunistic record collection revealed that similar examples of amputated toes occurred beyond our study area in neighboring mountain ranges and internationally. We found evidence that seasonal overlap between the active season for grizzly bears and the fall trapping seasons—for small furbearers with body‐gripping traps and for wolves with foothold traps—were frequently responsible for toe amputation. Photo evidence suggested that body‐gripping traps were the main trap type associated with toe amputation. Multiple options to reduce or eliminate the incidental amputation of grizzly bear toes exist, and the options have varying degrees of expected efficacy and require differing levels of monitoring. One option is to delay the start of the marten trapping season until December 1, when most bears have denned, instead of opening the season on or prior to November 1, when more than 50% of bears are still active. An alternative solution, such as a license condition that requests trappers narrow trap‐box entrances to exclude bear feet while still allowing entrance of target furbearers, has the potential to minimize accidental capture of bears, but the effectiveness of this approach is unknown. Finally, experimental toe extraction trials suggested that better anchoring traps was not a viable solution given that adult grizzly bear feet only came free from body‐gripping traps 20% of the time under maximum human force. At least 230 kg pull was required to consistently free toes from body‐gripping traps, which not all bears will be able to produce unless the cable is long and allows a running start. Solutions that do not involve season changes will require monitoring of efficacy and compliance to ensure success.
State and “Mixed Migrations”: Migration Policies Towards Haitians, Colombians and Venezuelans in Ecuador
Authors: Gómez Carmen , Herrera Gioconda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe term ‘mixed migration’ is often used as a means of reflecting a more complex understanding of the causes and motivations of people’s migration. While this term can be useful in overcoming binary interpretations between voluntary and forced migration in explaining current flows in South America, it may also have some unintended consequences when applied to migration policy. What effects does this understanding of migration have on the regularization of new migrants? Does the term allow or rather prevent forced migrants from accessing refugee status? We analyze these questions by examining Haitian, Colombian and Venezuelan migrants in Ecuador. On one side, we examine how the concept of mixed migration can render invisible some forms of forced displacement resulting from political, environmental or economic factors and, on the other side, we examine the type of policies undertaken by the state to address these displacements that do not fit either pure economic migration or asylum as defined by the 1951 Geneva Convention. We find that an uncritical use of the term, may favor the fall of these populations into irregular processes.
A Decade of Growth in Migration in Brazil (2010–2020) and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tonhati Tânia , Cavalcanti Leonardo , de Oliveira Antônio Tadeu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that in order to understand migration and mobility patterns in Brazil, it is necessary to shed light on its development over the last decade (2010–2020). New migration groups, borders, policies, and social and cultural integration have emerged as academic and political debates in the country. These issues are intertwined and have framed the Brazilian migration scenario and affected the development of new Brazilian legislation and migration policies. Based on several databases produced and analyzed by the Brazilian Observatory of International Migration (OBMIGRA), we outline recent changes in Brazilian legal policies. Moreover, the chapter provides a brief overview of the main characteristics of migration in Brazil, taking into account data on gender, level of education, labour activities, income and race. We argue that Brazilian migration as well as the profile of migrants have changed since 2010, which has led the country to search for new policies and regulations in response to the new migration demands. The chapter then outlines some data about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrants to Brazil in 2020, in order to highlight that, once again, the migration scenario is in transformation. Thus, we argue that, in the last decade, Brazil has faced several new challenges regarding migration (new flows, regulations, policies and social integration). The country, then, has (re)entered the global migration scene by becoming an important destination in South-South migration.
The Legality of (Im)mobility: Migration, Coyoterismo, and Indigenous Justice in Southern Ecuador
Authors: Berg Ulla D. , Martínez Lucía Pérez 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMigrant smuggling has in recent decades become more prominent globally as a consequence of increasingly restrictive border and migration control policies. Whereas popular media discourses and official policy typically depict migrant smugglers as organized criminals who prey on vulnerable migrants and asylum seekers, migration scholars have instead argued that migrant smuggling is a complex marketplace involving both licit and illicit transactions and a grounded social and cultural practice through which aspiring migrants confront their lack of legal options for migration. Despite efforts to empirically situate migrant smuggling as something other than just ruthless criminal activity towards innocent victims, less attention has been given to migrants’ own understanding of their travel options and regulation of associated risks. This chapter focuses on coyoterismo -or migrant smuggling – as a community-based activity embedded in the social fabric of migrant-sending communities in Southern Ecuador. We examine the limits of the contractual relationships established between smugglers (coyoteros), money-lenders (chulqueros), and migrants and their families who rely on these services to sustain their mobile livelihoods. Specifically, we focus on how indigenous migrants from Cañar make use of multiple legal systems to assert their agency and establish accountability vis-a-vis the coyotes who facilitate their migration between Ecuador and the United States.
Nonlinear Radiation Gauge for Near Kerr Spacetimes
Authors: Andersson Lars , Bäckdahl Thomas , Blue Pieter , Ma Siyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and explore the properties of a new gauge choice for the vacuum Einstein equation inspired by the ingoing and outgoing radiation gauges (IRG, ORG) for the linearized vacuum Einstein equation introduced by Chrzanowski in his work on metric reconstruction (Chrzanowski in Phys Rev D 11:2042–2062, 1975) on the Kerr background. It has been shown by Price et al. (Class Quantum Gravity 24:2367–2388, 2007) that the IRG/ORG are consistent gauges for the linearized vacuum Einstein equation on Petrov type II backgrounds. In (Andersson et al. Stability for linearized gravity on the Kerr spacetime, 2019), the ORG was used in proving linearized stability for the Kerr spacetime, and the new non-linear radiation gauge introduced here is a direct generalization of that gauge condition, and is intended to be used to study the stability of Kerr black holes under the evolution generated by the vacuum Einstein equation.
Honey dressing: a missed way for orthopaedic wound care
Authors: Ahmed Abdel-Salam Abdel-Aleem , Eltregy Sherif , Kandil Mahmoud Ibrahim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Orthopaedic-related wounds are critical situations calling for care to avoid deep infections and its consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using honey for care of orthopaedic-related wounds with limited resources.

Patients and methods
This prospective study included 50 cases with an average age of 38.18 (range 17–63) years with 38 males and 12 females. The most frequent wound location was the leg (41 patients; 82%), then the foot (six patients; 12%), and the ankle in three patients (6%). The aetiologies were open fractures (34 cases; 68%), infected tibial non-unions (nine cases; 18%), and post-operative infections (seven cases; 14%). Exposed tendon was present in three cases. Bone exposure was present in two cases. Deep infection was present in 29 cases (58%). Besides treating the primary cause, a ribbon of gauze soaked with honey was applied to the wounds after thorough saline washing.

Results
Wound sizes were variable. All cases showed improvement in all parameters with complete wound healing and full coverage of bone and tendons. Recurrence of deep infection occurred in three cases and treated by debridement. One case needed sequestrectomy of a small exposed tibial cortical fragment. Exposed tendon cases showed superficial necrosis which was treated by simple debridement. Initial mild itching occurred in five patients with spontaneous resolution.

Conclusion
With treating the underlying aetiology and optimising the patient’s general condition, honey was an effective, simple, and affordable method of wound care in different orthopaedic conditions even with exposed bone or tendons.
The use of OCT to detect signs of intracranial hypertension in patients with sagittal suture synostosis: Reference values and correlations
Authors: van de Beeten Stephanie D. C. , Ramdas Wishal D. , Yang Sumin , Loudon Sjoukje E. , den Ottelander Bianca K. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , van Veelen Marie-Lise C. , Mathijssen Irene M. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To obtain pediatric normative reference values and determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) corresponds better with clinical signs of intracranial hypertension (ICH) compared to the traditional screening method fundoscopy in a large cohort of one type of single suture craniosynostosis.

Methods
Control subjects without optic nerve diseases and isolated sagittal synostosis patients aged 3–10 years who underwent fundoscopy and OCT were included in this prospective cohort study. Normative reference values were obtained through bootstrap analysis. Main outcome was the association between peripapillary total retinal thickness (TRT) and total retinal volume (TRV) and appearance on fundoscopy. Signs and symptoms suggestive of ICH, including skull growth arrest, fingerprinting, and headache, were scored.

Results
Sixty-four healthy controls and 93 isolated sagittal synostosis patients were included. Normative cut-off values for mean TRT are < 256 μm and > 504 μm and for mean TRV < 0.21 mm3 and > 0.39 mm3. TRT was increased in 16 (17%) and TRV in 15 (16%) of 93 patients, compared to only 4 patients with papilledema on fundoscopy (4%). Both parameters were associated with papilledema on fundoscopy (OR = 16.7, p = 0.02, and OR = 18.2, p = 0.01). Skull growth arrest was significantly associated with abnormal OCT parameters (OR = 13.65, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
The established cut-off points can be applied to screen for ICH in pediatrics. The present study detected abnormalities with OCT more frequent than with fundoscopy, which were associated with skull growth arrest. Therefore, a combination of OCT, fundoscopy, and skull growth arrest can improve clinical decision-making in craniosynostosis.
Comparison of the effect of 360° versus two-dimensional virtual reality video on history taking and physical examination skills learning among undergraduate medical students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chao Yi-Ping , Kang Chung-Jan , Chuang Hai-Hua , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Chang Yu-Che , Kuo Terry B. J. , Yang Cheryl C. H. , Huang Chung-Guei , Fang Tuan-Jen , Li Hsueh-Yu , Lee Li-Ang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBefore caring for patients, video instruction is commonly used for undergraduate medical students, and 360° virtual reality (VR) videos have gained increasing interest in clinical medical education. Therefore, the effect of immersive 360° VR video learning compared with two-dimensional (2D) VR video learning in clinical skills acquisition should be evaluated. This randomized, intervention-controlled clinical trial was aimed to assess whether immersive 360° VR video improves undergraduate medical students' learning effectiveness and reduces the cognitive load in history taking and physical examination (H&P) training. From May 1 2018 to October 30 2018, 64 senior undergraduate medical students in a tertiary academic hospital were randomized to receive a 10-min immersive 360° (360° VR video group; n = 32) or 2D VR instructional video (2D VR video group; n = 32), including essential knowledge and competency of H&P. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were comparable for age, sex, and cognitive style. The total procedure skill score, physical examination score, learner’s satisfaction score, and total cognitive load in the 360° VR video group were significantly higher than those in the 2D VR video group (effect sizes [95% confidence interval]: 0.72 [0.21–1.22], 0.63 [0.12–1.13], 0.56 [0.06–1.06], and 0.53 [0.03–1.03], respectively). This study suggested that a10-minute 360° VR video instruction helped undergraduate medical students perform fundamental H&P skills as effectively as 2D VR video. Furthermore, the 360° VR video might result in significantly better procedural metrics of physical examinations with higher learner satisfaction despite the higher cognitive load.
Evaluating the benefits of weather and climate services in South Asia: a systematic review
Authors: Suckall Natalie , Soares Marta Bruno 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of scientific information about future weather and climate offers enormous potential for society to better manage the risks associated with climate variability and change. There has been significant investment in weather and climate services (WCS) over the past years; however, empirically based evidence of the socio-economic benefits of such services is very limited. Understanding and capturing the real benefits of WCS as they unfold on the ground are key to ensure continue investment in WCS as well as to enable adaptive management. In this paper, we conduct a review of the literature of WCS evaluations in South Asia. We systematically document and analyse empirical evidence as reported in the academic and grey literature to highlight (1) the scale and scope of WCS that have been evaluated in the region; (2) the methodological approaches that have been used to monitor and evaluate the benefits of WCS initiatives on the ground and (3) the socio-economic benefits of WCS categorised under a triple bottom line approach that takes into consideration economic, social and environmental benefits. The paper explores these findings and highlights key areas that warrant further discussion and research. These include a limited effort to systematically record and document the benefits of WCS and an over-emphasis on capturing evidence of short-term economic benefits at the expense of long-term economic benefits, as well as social and environmental benefits. We conclude this paper with a call for increased cooperation between meteorologists, economists and social researchers to develop empirical case studies of benefits and trade-offs as they occur on the ground.