bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) Program: An Infrastructure for Advancing Population Health
Authors: Malecki Kristen M. C. , Nikodemova Maria , Schultz Amy A. , LeCaire Tamara J. , Bersch Andrew J. , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa , Engelman Corinne D. , Hagen Erika , McCulley Laura , Palta Mari , Rodriguez Allison , Sethi Ajay K. , Walsh Matt C. , Nieto F. Javier , Peppard Paul E. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) was established in 2008 by the University of Wisconsin (UW) School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH) with the goals of (1) providing a timely and accurate picture of the health of the state residents; and (2) serving as an agile resource infrastructure for ancillary studies. Today, the SHOW program continues to serve as a unique and vital population health research infrastructure for advancing public health.MethodsSHOW currently includes 5,846 adult and 980 minor participants recruited between 2008 and 2019 in four primary waves. WAVE I (2008–2013) includes annual statewide representative samples of 3,380 adults ages 21 to 74 years. WAVE II (2014–2016) is a triannual statewide sample of 1,957 adults (age ≥18 years) and 645 children (age 0–17). WAVE III (2017) consists of follow-up of 725 adults from the WAVE I and baseline surveys of 222 children in selected households. WAVEs II and III include stool samples collected as part of an ancillary study in a subset of 784 individuals. WAVE IV consists of 517 adults and 113 children recruited from traditionally under-represented populations in biomedical research including African Americans and Hispanics in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Findings to DateThe SHOW resource provides unique spatially granular and timely data to examine the intersectionality of multiple social determinants and population health. SHOW includes a large biorepository and extensive health data collected in a geographically diverse urban and rural population. Over 60 studies have been published covering a broad range of topics including, urban and rural disparities in cardio-metabolic disease and cancer, objective physical activity, sleep, green-space and mental health, transcriptomics, the gut microbiome, antibiotic resistance, air pollution, concentrated animal feeding operations and heavy metal exposures.DiscussionThe SHOW cohort and resource is available for continued follow-up and ancillary studies including longitudinal public health monitoring, translational biomedical research, environmental health, aging, microbiome and COVID-19 research.
Exploring the Challenges of Afghan Refugee Women Facing COVID-19: A Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Yoosefi Lebni Javad , Enayat Halime , Irandoost Seyed Fahim , Dehghan Ali Akbar 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAfghan refugee women in Iran confront many problems in dealing with COVID-19 due to their fragile conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the challenges of Afghan refugee women in the face of COVID-19 in Iran with a qualitative approach.MethodsThe present study was conducted with a qualitative approach among Afghan refugee women in Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews and were saturated with 30 women. Both targeted and snowball sampling were used. Data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis and Graneheim and Lundman method. Guba and Lincoln criteria were observed to evaluate the quality of research results.Results143 primary codes, 12 subcategories and five main categories were obtained from data analysis. The main categories include little knowledge and information (limited access to information resources, incomplete knowledge about COVID-19), family challenges (intensified experience of violence and conflict in the family, problems related to childbirth and pregnancy), socio-economic challenges (exacerbation of economic problems, high-risk living conditions, social isolation, limited support of social and health organizations), health issues (problems related to treatment, injustice in providing services and facilities) and problems after the death of a COVID-19 patient (burial challenges for immigrants; lack of funeral rites).ConclusionAfghan refugee women in Iran are very vulnerable facing COVID-19 due to their fragile conditions. Social and health institutions and organizations need to provide more support to these women so that they can protect their health and that of their families against COVID-19 and the damage caused by it.
The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease - 19 Pandemic on the Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Adult Patients with Acute Appendicitis
Authors: An Sanghyun , Kim Hae-Rim , Jang Sungwoo , Kim Kwangmin 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the characteristics, severity, and treatment of adult patients with acute appendicitis in Korea over a 2-year period during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic compared to those before the pandemic. We also investigated whether there were any changes in clinical characteristics of acute appendicitis before and after vaccination against the coronavirus.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis at our institution between March 1, 2019, and August 31, 2021. We divided the patients into three groups (pre-pandemic, before vaccination, and after vaccination) and analyzed the clinical outcomes.ResultsThe time from symptom onset to hospital arrival and the time from symptom onset to operation increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period. The rate of complicated appendicitis during the pandemic was higher than that before the pandemic. In addition, the number of new daily cases showed a positive correlation with the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.04; P &lt; 0.001) and complicated appendicitis (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001–1.002; P = 0.0017). The vaccination rate showed a negative correlation with the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival (OR, −2.26; 95% CI, −3.42 to −1.11; P &lt; 0.001) and complicated appendicitis (OR, 0.915; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.996; P = 0.0404).ConclusionsEmploying hospital-wide efforts, such as screening by rapid PCR testing, to avoid further time delays, and nationwide efforts, such as vaccination, to shorten the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival, are necessary to maintain the quality of treatment of acute appendicitis during an infectious disease pandemic.
Thermographic Evaluation of the Duration of Skin Cooling After Cryotherapy in Dogs Following Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Surgery
Authors: Woo Sang Chul , Lee Jack , Millis Darryl L. , Drum Marti G. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the duration of cooling after cryotherapy on the skin over stifle joints in dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery using thermography.Materials and MethodsSeventeen client-owned dogs of various breeds were enrolled in the study. Dogs underwent TPLO surgeries, and on the next day, thermal imaging was performed on the operated stifle prior to cryotherapy for baseline. Orthogonal views were repeated at 30-min intervals until the skin over the stifle had thermally equilibrated. An ice pack was applied for 20 min on the medial and lateral aspects of the stifle. Each stifle was then re-imaged every 15 min for the first 60 min then every 30 min subsequently until the temperature was within 1°C of the pre-cryotherapy temperature.ResultsMean skin temperature of the medial view showed no significance difference compared to baseline value at 45 min after cryotherapy was discontinued and after 60 min for the lateral and cranial views. Mean skin temperature was overall higher in the medial view compared to the lateral and cranial during the rewarming period (except immediately after cold application). Mean skin temperatures of all views combined showed a significant decrease in temperature during cryotherapy application, with a slow increase until a plateau was reached after 45 min of rewarming.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceDogs undergoing TPLO for cranial cruciate ligament injury showed quicker rewarming period of superficial tissues compared to previous studies. Cryotherapy is a beneficial modality to reduce superficial tissue temperature in dogs undergoing TPLO, acknowledging that these dogs may require more frequent cryotherapy post-operatively due to more rapid rewarming time compared to dogs without surgery.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Brazil
Authors: Silva Tércia Moreira Ribeiro Da , Nogueira de Sá Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide , Beinner Mark Anthony , Abreu Mery Natali Silva , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Sato Ana Paula Sayuri , Vieira Ed Wilson Rodrigues 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To analyze the number of applied HPV vaccine doses before (from April 2019 to March 2020) and after (from April 2020 to September 2020) social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in states and regions of Brazil.Methods: Ecological time-series study, using data from the Brazilian National Immunization Program (PNI). Using the Mann-Whitney test, we evaluated the difference between the median number of applied doses during the periods April 2019 to March 2020 and from April 2020 to September 2020. Spatial analysis identified clusters with a high or low percentage reduction in the median applied doses. Prais-Winsten regression models identified temporal trends in the applieddoses from both periods.Results: There was a significant reduction in the median HPV vaccine doses applied, formation of spatial clusters and, after a sharp drop in the number of applieddoses during the months following social distancing. There was a tendency to increase the applied vaccines doses.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduction of the number of HPV vaccine doses applied as a possible effect of restrictive measures caused by the pandemic.
PENCIPTAAN BUDAYA HIDUP BERSIH PERSPEKTIF ISLAM MASA PANDEMI COVID-19? DI PONDOK MODERN GONTOR PUTRI 1 MANTINGAN
Authors: Fitriana Nur Indah , Qarlina Cerly Dwi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact in Indonesia. In addition to the health sector which has been affected by Covid-19, the education sector has also experienced a major impact. Educational institutions throughout Indonesia are experiencing major changes in their teaching and learning processes, which have shifted to online learning. However, this cannot be done by educational institutions with a boarding school system because all learning activities are carried out by gathering and huddling. Therefore, the implementation of health protocols and a healthy life culture is carried out in the Islamic boarding school environment. The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the clean or healthy culture implemented by Pondok Modern Gontor Putri 1 as an effort to prevent the transmission and spread of the covid-19 virus. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The results showed that in order to protect the residents in the Pondok Modern Gontor Putri environment, health protocols and a culture of clean or healthy living must be carried out together. It is easy to implement health protocols and tighten hygiene culture because of the disciplined character education that has always been enforced at Pondok Modern Gontor Putri 1 since its inception. Keywords: Creation of a clean living culture; Islamic perspective; Covid-19; Islamic boarding school
Quality Function Deployment Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan PT KAI Di Era Pandemi Covid19
Authors: Cahya Handy Nur , Windasari Windasari 
Published: March 2022

Implementing health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the company's efforts to provide services to customers. One of the evaluation services to adapt to customer preferences changes are applying a Quality Function Deployment (QFD). QFD is a method used to know customer needs and formulate how the company determines the priorities for meeting these needs based on company conditions. Based on this research in Madiun Railway Station, the Quality Function Deployment shows three service attributes are getting on the top priority of customer needs. These are the implementation of health protocols, physical distancing, and hospitality of employees. The three service attributes will be developed and improved based on three out of the sixteen technical responses. These Technical Responses are improving the service and performance of employees, complete the information on social media, and make sure the environment and the toilet are clean.
Pengiriman gambar melalui komunikasi radio amatir menggunakan pengkodean Base64
Authors: Basuki Sofyan , Muhammad Nur Adny , Hidayat M. Reza , Yuliana Hajiar 
Published: March 2022

Jika infrastruktur jaringan komunikasi modern tidak bekerja atau mengalami kerusakan, maka diperlukan sistem komunikasi alternatif pengiriman data gambar liputan yang memiliki jangkauan yang luas, mudah diperoleh, bebas lisensi, serta berharga murah. Salah satunya menggunakan teknologi komunikasi radio amatir pada pita frekuensi ultra high frequency (UHF). Pada penelitian ini akan dibuat skema pengiriman gambar melalui komunikasi radio amatir. Prinsip kerjanya gambar diubah menjadi suara pada pengirim menggunakan algoritma pengkodean Base64 dan pada penerima menggunakan spectrogram untuk mengubah sinyal suara menjadi gambar kembali. Pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan mengukur nilai parameter structural similarity index (SSIM), waktu proses encoding-decoding terhadap variabel frekuensi, serta pengaruh jarak antara pengirim-penerima terhadap nilai parameter SSIM. Hasilnya menunjukkan waktu proses encoding dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh faktor interval pengambilan titik piksel gambar y dan durasi transmisi gambar d. Kenaikan dimensi gambar tiga kali hanya menaikkan waktu proses encoding 40%. Pada proses decoding, perbedaan kapasitas gambar dan interval pengambilan piksel gambar tidak mengubah waktu proses secara signifikan. Nilai SSIM terbaik dicapai pada pemilihan faktor y, d = 5, 20 dan frekuensi maksimum 6 KHz. Pada sistem yang telah dibuat, pemilihan frekuensi maksimum terbawah 2 KHz dan tertinggi 10 KHz menghasilkan nilai SSIM buruk terutama pada kapasitas gambar yang besar.
Tinjauan Fatwa MUI Terhadap Penggunaan Hasil Produksi Alkohol di Sentra Industri Alkohol Bekonang
Authors: Anam Moh Khairul 
Published: March 2022

The advanced of technology and the era of global trade, affecting the number of circulation local and imported products around us. The most dangerous and widely circulating hazardous material as a mixture of industrial products is alcohol. Alcohol or ethanol production is carried out at the Bekonang alcohol industry center by fermentation and distillation that used for medical purposes, but some of the entrepreneurs tend to produce 25% alcohol or commonly called ciu which is categorized as liquor. This research was aimed to find out the practice of alcohol production in Bekonang Village, Mojolaban District, Sukoharjo Regency and the Fatwa MUI review of alcohol production practices. This study uses field research methods using a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the practice of alcohol production in Sentul Village, Bekonang Village, Mojolaban District, Sukoharjo Regency processed by fermentation until distillation produces 90% alcohol or ethanol used for health. In the review of the Fatwa MUI the product of the alcohol or ethanol production process in Bekonang Village is not from Khamr, so that its use is still allowed as long as it does not cause kemudaratan. So the center of the alcohol industry in Sentul Village Bekonang Village is not the khamr industry but the pure alcohol or ethanol industry, where the production is not for drinking but for health.
Development of deposition technology and AC measurement of copper ultrathin layers
Authors: Wilczyńska Aleksandra , Czarnacka Karolina , Kociubiński Andrzej , Kołtunowicz Tomasz 
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the transport properties of discontinuous 4 nm copper layers obtained by dual-source non-reactive magnetron sputtering in the presence of argon are presented. The value of resistance and capacitance of the current parallel to the plane of these layers can be adjusted independently by changing the nominal thickness of the metallization. The influence of frequency on the conductivity of the obtained structures in the range from 4 Hz to 8 MHz was studied. Additionally, in order to compare the non-oxidized and oxidized layers, some of them were heated at 500 °C. Based on the results obtained, the mechanism of electric charge transfer was determined, the knowledge of which is essential for planning further experiments based on this sputtering method and potential selection of future application of the structures. Statistical measurements at room temperature will serve as a reference for the conductivity and resistivity values obtained by mathematical calculations from measurements of resistance, capacitance, phase shift angle, and dielectric loss tangent as a function of temperature from 20 K to 375 K, which are expected in further studies on the obtained structures. The work is an introduction to the technology of obtaining multi-layer metal-dielectric structures.
Causes of Delayed Presentation of Retinoblastoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Mushtaq Asma , Gondal Huma Zafar , Qayyum Seema , Raza Ahmed , Azhar Fiza 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To find out the causes of delayed presentation of Retinoblastoma in a tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Questionnaire based Survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric ophthalmology department of The Children’s Hospital, Lahore, from January 2018 to December 2019.
Methods: Mothers of patients who presented in the hospital were recruited for this survey. A questionnaire with details of the patient were noted. It included first symptom, time lapse since onset of first symptom, gender, age at presentation to first doctor (general practitioner), time lapse to presentation at tertiary care center (The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child health), gender and laterality. General physical Examination was done by an oncologist and examination under anesthesia was done by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Pearson Chi Square test was used to find significance of each cause.
Results: Seventy participants were included in the study. Delayed presentation was seen in 42 patients (60%). The various factors identified for delay in diagnosis and treatment in descending order are residence in rural areas 54 %, lack of finances 64%, social pressure 27%, awareness about disease severity 60%, lack of transport 54%, Fear of enucleation 38% and seeking non-medical treatment/ alternate medication 32%. Significance of each factor was calculated using chi-square test.
Conclusion: The causes identified can be highlighted on national level for development of health facilities in rural areas.
Key Words: Retinoblastoma, Cancer, Malignant tumor, Leucocoria.
Postoperative Complications of Trabeculectomy in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Versus Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Shahid Erum , Fasih Uzma , Shaikh Arshad 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To compare the frequency of postoperative complications of trabeculectomy in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).
Study Design: Comparative experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, from January 2017 to November 2019.
Methods: Seventy-one patients who underwent primary trabeculectomy without antimetabolites for primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma during the given period were included in the study. Patients who had significant cataract, repeated trabeculectomy, failed argon laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy done for congenital glaucoma, traumatic glaucoma, secondary glaucoma were excluded from the study. Patients were followed up for 12 months and complications were compared. Secondary outcome was reduction in IOP.
Results: Out of 71 patients, 52 had POAG and 19 had PACG. The mean age was 56.7 ± 10.9 for POAG and 52.2 ± 9.5 for PACG. The frequency of complications in POAG group was 28.2% and in PACG group was 21.1% (p >0.005).Complications were: cataract, uveitis, hyphema, choroidal folds, shallow anterior chamber, high IOP and positive Seidel test. Mean IOP reduction was from 31 ± 6.7mm of Hg and 40 ± 14.8 to 15.6 ± 4.2 and 13.8 ± 4.7 in POAG and PACG respectively (p-value > 0.005).Trabeculectomy was successful in 80.7% POAG and 73.6% PACG patients (p value > 0.005).
Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in the frequency of complications in POAG and PACG patientsfollowing Trabeculectomy, over a period of 12 months. Trabeculectomy was equally effective in lowering IOP in both the groups.
Key Words: Glaucoma, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma, Trabeculectomy,
Depressive Illness in Patients with Eye Disease, A Hidden Entity
Authors: Malik Yasir Iqbal , Malik Aqsa , Ahmad Waqas , Farooq M. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To determine the frequency of depressive illness in patients presenting with ocular complaints.
Study Design: Observational cross sectional study,
Place and Duration of Study: Watim Medical College, Rawat, Rawalpindi, from October 2021 to November 2021.
Methods: All the patients presenting with ocular diseases and visiting were included in the study. Patients were asked to complete an Urdu translated version of patient health questionnaire (PHQ 9). Inclusion criteria was patients more than 40 years of age, with ocular complaints and either gender. Patients with age less than 40 years, mentally and physically handicapped, having a previous history of psychiatric disease, deaf and mute, any terminal, chronic or debilitating ocular or systemic disease were excluded. The results were analyzed and expressed with descriptive data in frequencies and the numerical data in average and standard deviations. Chi square test of significance was applied taking p value of less than 0.05 as significant.
Results: A total of 537 patients (43.95% males and 56.05% females) were included. 60.71% of the participants were suffering from moderate to severe depression. Among them 12.1% had moderately severe and 16.76% had severe depression. More females (19.55%) suffered from depression which required treatment than males (9.31%).
Conclusion: Significant number of patients presenting with ocular complaints suffered from depression, which can affect or may be effected by the underlying ocular disease. The ophthalmologists should be aware of the entity and should take into account while treating the ocular disease.
Key Words: Eye, Depression, Dry eye disease