bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of additional methanol on both pre- and post-denitrification processes in treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Yin Fang-Fang , Guo Hui-Fang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Changes in functional properties of biological denitrification in the long-term use of methanol were explored in both pre- and post-denitrification processes. The two systems employed were sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using post-denitrification in temporal sequence, and Carrousel oxidation ditch, which was equipped with a separate pre-denitrification zone. In the SBR, stable nitrate reduction rates reached after 37 days elapsed with addition of methanol (TOC/N = 1.4–1.8) at the start of anoxic phase, and specific denitrification rate increased from 0.378 mgNOx-N·(gVSS·h)−1 to 2.406 mgNOx-N·(gVSS·h)−1. Besides, by means of nitrogen uptake rate (NUR) batch tests based on methanol-adapted sludge, the appropriate range of TOC/N ratios for complete denitrification was estimated to be 1.10–2.68. By comparison, the Carrousel oxidation ditch that was fed with methanol in the anaerobic zone took fewer days (29 days) to obtain a constant effluent nitrate. Moreover, the denitrification yield in ditch was elevated from an initial value of 0.082 mgTN/mgCOD to 0.123 mgTN/mgCOD, and the nitrogen removal efficiency reached up to a level of 68%. The focus on denitrification potential with external methanol is valuable to provide information for developing carbon dosage control, as well as predict the nitrate effluent quality of the plant.
Antipyretic Mechanism Exploration of HuanglianShangqing Pill Based on
Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Mai Xi , Mao Pingting , Mai Bo , Zheng Lei , Li Na , Liao Yijing , He Ling , He Weibao , Zhang Qimin 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objective:
HuanglianShangqing pill (HLSQ), a well-known traditional
Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat fever in China for a long time. Our previous study
had demonstrated that a total of 45 prototype components of HLSQ could be absorbed into the
plasma of rats after intragastric administration. However, the detailed mechanisms related to the
antipyretic effects of HLSQ were still unclear.

Materials and Methods:
In the present work, urinary metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology
were employed to evaluate the mechanisms of HLSQ in the treatment of fever compared
with ibuprofen (IBU) and paracetamol (APAP).

Results:
In pyrexia rats, a total of 11 potential metabolites and a disturbed TCA cycle were found.
The metabolic regulation effects of HLSQ on fever rats were similar to APAP and could make the
TCA cycle disorder return to normal by reducing citrate, β-hydroxybutyrate, succinate. In addition,
HLSQ could adjust the intestinal microbial disorder and inhibit inflammatory factors, including
IL6, TNF, VEGFA, TP53, STAT3, etc. There were 40 components acting on fever targets in
HLSQ; among them, luteolin, apigenin, ursolic acid, kaempferol, wogonin, daidzein, baicalein,
emodin, berberine, and oroxylin A were the main active compounds of HLSQ in the treatment of
fever.

Conclusion:
The antipyretic mechanisms of HLSQ are inhibition of inflammatory factors, action
on the TCA cycle, and regulation of gut microbiota.
Development and Validation of a Sensitive UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS for the Measurement
of Nine Components in Rat Plasma and Tissues and its Application to Pharmacokinetics
and Tissue Distribution Studies with Xuanfei Baidu Granules
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Quan Shuai , Zhang Han , Song Xinbo , Zhang Jingze , Liu Dailin 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD granules) are based on the prescription of Xuanfei Baidu,
which showed promise as a first-line treatment against Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei.
On March 2, 2021, XFBD granules were marketed as a novel drug for epidemic diseases. However, there is little
information about the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the main constituents in XFBD granules.

Methods:
A sensitive analytical method was developed for detecting the marker components of XFBD granules by
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOFMS/
MS), and for studying its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution by UPLC-QDa.

Results:
Following an oral administration of a single granule in experimental rats at a dose of 14 g/kg for pharmacokinetic
and tissue distribution studies, 42 compounds and nine analytes were identified in XFBD granules. Nine
compounds were detected in the lungs and the liver of the rats. Six compounds were detected in the kidneys. Five
compounds were detected in the spleen and three were detected in the heart. As it went undetected in the brain,
XFBD granules are considered unable to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Conclusion:
A sensitive UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was established and validated for the quantification of nine
components in rat plasma and tissue samples. This method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics
and tissue distribution profiles of XFBD granules after their oral administration.
Accelerated Aging of T-Cell Subsets Among ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Chinese Men Who have Sex with Men: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Li Xing-Wang , Li Li , Ma Cheng-Jie , Wang Ling-Hang , Yu Feng-Ting , Yang Si-Yuan , Song Shu-Jing , Tang Yun-Xia 
Published: February 2022

Background:Evidence of lymphopoiesis, exhaustion, and premature aging in Chinese patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is very limited.Objective:To assess biological aging and immune senescence in Chinese healthy controls (HC) and ART-naïve HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:This case-control study was conducted in Beijing Ditan Hospital from March 2018 to June 2019. The percentages of naïve (TN), central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM), and terminally differentiated memory (TemRA) subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells were studied, along with markers of senescence (CD28-CD57+) and activation (HLA-DR+). Telomere length of naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD8 T cells were quantified by real-time PCR.Results:A total of 26 HIV-infected and 20 age-matched HC MSM were included. Compared to the HC group, the CD4/CD8 ratio of the HIV-infected group was significantly reduced (0.30 vs. 1.70, P<0.001); significant differences emerged among all CD8 but not CD4 T cell subsets (all P<0.05). In the HIV-infected group, the percentages of senescent cells (CD28-CD57+) in TN, TCM, TEM, and TemRA subsets of CD8 T cells were higher (all P<0.05); while a significant difference was only found in naïve CD4 T cells (P<0.05). HLA-DR expression was increased significantly in all CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets. Both naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD8 T cells in this population had significantly shorter telomere lengths (P<0.01) compared to the HC group.Conclusion:HIV-infected MSM exhibit signs of accelerated immune senescence and biological aging, which particularly affects the CD8 T-cell subsets.
A Review on Novel Synthesis Approaches and Biological Activities of 1,2,4-
Oxadiazole and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tailored Compounds
Authors: Chaudhary Tarun , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Rational design and synthesis of novel compounds with both effectivity and safety properties have always been a formidable task in the development of drugs. Oxadiazoles are heterocyclic bioscaf-folds occurring as motifs in drug-like molecules. This review article highlights comprehensive and sys-tematic information of compounds containing 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings. The routes for the synthesis of the oxadiazoles have also been discussed, along with their biological significance. This review may help researchers in rational design for the development of effective and less toxic 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds. We present an informative review about the drugs derived from oxadiazole rings and their therapeutic application as well as a brief remark on the future development prospects.
Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Current Treatments on the Development
and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Faria André , Laher Ismail , Fasipe Babatunde , Ayas Najib T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remains a growing health concern, affecting more than 420
million people globally. Preventing and treating diabetes require a better understanding of the associated
risk factors. Sleep-disordered breathing, especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is likely
a contributor to the pathogenesis and aggravation of poor glycemic control. We review key epidemiological
data that address the link between OSA and type 2 diabetes and present the current
proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association. Several biological pathways
are linking OSA and an increased propensity to diabetes. We review the impact of current treatment
strategies for OSA based on the association between diabetes and sleep apnea.
The Role of (Pro)Renin Receptor in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Yiannikouris Frederique , Nichols Kellea 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The prorenin receptor (PRR) is a complex multi-functional single transmembrane protein re-ceptor that is ubiquitously expressed in organs and tissues throughout the body. PRR is involved in dif-ferent cellular mechanisms that comprise the generation of Angiotensin II, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the stimulation of ERK 1/2 pathway, and the proper functioning of the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Evidence supports the role of PRR and its soluble form, sPRR, in the classical features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and disruption of lipid homeostasis. This review summarizes our current knowledge and highlights new advances in the pathophysiological function of PRR and sPRR in adipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, glucose and insulin resistance, lipid homeostasis, energy metabolism, and blood pressure regulation.
Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Renin and Effects on Prorenin
Receptor Signaling in the Collecting Duct
Authors: Prieto Minolfa C. , Lara Lucienne S. , Gonzalez Alexis A. , Hennrikus Matthew T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The production of renin by the principal cells of the collecting duct has widened our understanding of the regulation of intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) generation and blood pressure. In the collecting duct, Ang II increases synthesis and secretion of renin by mechanisms involving the activation of Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1R) via stimulation of the PKCα, Ca2+ and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. Additionally, paracrine mediators, including vasopressin (AVP), prostaglandins, bradykinin (BK) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulate renin in principal cells. During Ang II-dependent hypertension, despite plasma renin activity suppression, the renin and prorenin receptor (PRR) are upregulated in the collecting duct and promote de novo formation of intratubular Ang II. Furthermore, activation of PRR by its natural agonists, prorenin and renin, may contribute to the stimulation of profibrotic factors, independent of Ang II. Thus, the interactions of RAS components with paracrine hormones within the collecting duct enables tubular compartmentalization of the RAS to orchestrate complex mechanisms that increase intrarenal Ang II, Na+ reabsorption and blood pressure.
Recent Update on the Development of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2
(LRRK2) Inhibitors: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Parkinson’s
Disease
Authors: Patel Ashish , Patel Stuti , Mehta Meshwa , Patel Yug , Langaliya Dhruv , Bhalodiya Shyam , Bambharoliya Tushar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Parkinson’s disease is a relatively common neurological disorder with incidence increasing
with age. Since current medications only relieve the symptoms and do not change the course of
the disease, therefore, finding disease-modifying therapies is a critical unmet medical need. However,
significant progress in understanding how genetics underpins Parkinson's disease (PD) has opened
up new opportunities for understanding disease pathogenesis and identifying possible therapeutic
targets. One such target is leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), an elusive enzyme implicated in
both familial and idiopathic PD risk. As a result, both academia and industry have promoted the development
of potent and selective inhibitors of LRRK2. In this review, we have summarized recent
progress in the discovery and development of LRKK2 inhibitors as well as the bioactivity of several
small-molecule LRRK2 inhibitors that have been used to inhibit LRRK2 kinase activity in vitro or in
vivo.
Dihydroartemisinin Induces ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Tongue
Squamous Carcinoma by Regulating ROS Production
Authors: Zhou Qun , Ye Fangfei , Qiu Jiaxuan , Zhang Siying , Jiang Qingkun , Xue Danfeng , Li Jialun 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is a fatal disease characterized by high invasion and early
metastasis. Dihydroartemisinin, an antimalarial drug with multiple biological activities, is reported to be a potential
anti-cancer agent.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effect of Dihydroartemisinin on tongue squamous cell carcinoma
cells, and to identify the underlying mechanisms of Dihydroartemisinin-induced cell apoptosis.

Methods:
Here, Cell Counting Kit 8 assay and colony formation assay were conducted to study cell proliferation. Annexin
V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and western blot analysis were performed to analyze cell apoptosis. DCFHDA
probe was used to measure the generation of cellular reactive oxygen species. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activation
was also determined via western blot analysis.

Results:
The results showed that Dihydroartemisinin substantially inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis
in vivo. Moreover, reactive oxygen species production and endoplasmic reticulum stress activation were both observed
after stimulation with Dihydroartemisinin. However, the reactive oxygen species inhibitor N-acetylcysteine
significantly alleviated Dihydroartemisinin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.

Conclusion:
These results imply that Dihydroartemisinin induced cell apoptosis by triggering reactive oxygen speciesmediated
endoplasmic reticulum stress in CAL27 cells. In addition, Dihydroartemisinin might be an effective drug for
tongue squamous cell carcinoma therapy.
Phytochemical-rich Fractions from Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) Seeds Exhibited Antioxidant Activity and Reduced the Viability of Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro by Inducing DNA Fragmentation and Promoting Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Kuruburu Mahadevaswamy G. , Bovilla Venugopal R. , Leihang Zonunsiami , Madhunapantula SubbaRao V. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The demand for millet-based diets has increased significantly in recent years due to their
beneficial effects on human health. Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv, previously known as Panicum italicum
L., referred as FTM in this manuscript) seeds have been not only used as astringent and diuretic agents, but they are
also used to treat dyspepsia and rheumatism. Recent studies have shown that solvent extracts from FTM seeds exhibited
antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. However, the nature and antiproliferative potential of phytochemical
constituents of solvent extracts are not much explored.

Objectives:
Major objectives of this study are to generate and characterize the phytochemical-rich fractions from Foxtail
millet seeds, test the antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative potential against cell lines representing carcinomas
of the breast, and determine the mechanisms of cell growth inhibition.

Methods:
Phytochemical-rich fractions were generated by extracting the seeds using 70% ethanol (FTM-FP) and 10%
alkali (FTM-BP). Antioxidant potential was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and DPPH
radical scavenging activity assays. The antiproliferative potential was determined using sulforhodamine-B assay. The
impact on cell cycle and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by staining the cells with DAPI followed by analyzing the
stained cells using NC-3000.

Results:
Analysis of the results showed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids in the FTM-FP and FTM-BP fractions.
Both fractions exhibited antiproliferative potential against breast cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, both fractions
induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased the fragmentation of DNA, which lead to the accumulation of cells in the
Sub-G1 phase.

Conclusion:
In summary, results of this study demonstrated the potential of foxtail millet phytochemical fractions for
retarding the proliferative potential of breast cancer cells.
Monensin Inhibits Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer via Disrupting Mitochondrial Respiration
and AMPK/mTOR Signaling
Authors: Li Yanli , Sun Qianshu , Chen Sisi , Yu Xiongjie , Jing Hongxia 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The clinical management of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains challenging, and novel
treatment methods are needed. Monensin is a carboxyl polyether ionophore that potently inhibits the growth of various
cancer types. Our current work investigates whether monensin has selective anti-ATC activity and systematically explores
its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed using a panel of thyroid cancer cell lines. Mitochondrial
biogenesis profiles, ATP levels, oxidative stress, AMPK, and mTOR were examined in these cells after monensin
treatment.

Results:
Monensin is effective in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in a number of thyroid cancer cell
lines. The results are consistent across cell lines of varying cellular origins and genetic mutations. Compared to other
thyroid cancer cell types, ATC cell lines are the most sensitive to monensin. Of note, monensin used at our experimental
concentration affects less of normal cells. Mechanistic studies reveal that monensin acts on ATC cells by disrupting
mitochondrial function, inducing oxidative stress and damage, and AMPK activation-induced mTOR inhibition.
We further show that mitochondrial respiration is a critical target for monensin in ATC cells.

Conclusions:
Our pre-clinical findings demonstrate the selective anti-ATC activities of monensin. This is supported by
increasing evidence that monensin can be repurposed as a potential anti-cancer drug.
Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles (BisBAL NP) Inhibit the Growth of Tumor Cells in
a Mouse Melanoma Model
Authors: García-Cuellar Claudia María , Cabral-Romero Claudio , Hernández-Delgadillo Rene , Solis-Soto Juan Manuel , Meester Irene , Sánchez-Pérez Yesennia , Nakagoshi-Cepeda Sergio Eduardo , Pineda-Aguilar Nayely , Sánchez-Nájera Rosa Isela , Nakagoshi-Cepeda María Argelia Akemi , Chellam Shankararaman 
Published: February 2022

Aim:
The objective of this study was to analyze the antitumor effect of BisBAL NP in a mouse melanoma
model.

Material and Methods:
The antitumor activity of BisBAL NP on murine B16-F10 melanoma cells was determined
both in vitro (PrestoBlue cell viability assay and Live/Dead fluorescence) and in vivo, in a mouse model, with the following
15-day treatments: BisBAL NP, negative control (PBS), and cell-death control (docetaxel; DTX). Mouse survival
and weight, as well as the tumor volume, were recorded daily during the in vivo study.

Results:
BisBAL NP were homogeneous in size (mean diameter, 14.7 nm) and bismuth content. In vitro, 0.1 mg/mL
BisBAL NP inhibited B16-F10 cell growth stronger (88%) than 0.1 mg/mL DTX (82%) (*p<0.0001). In vivo, tumors
in mice treated with BisBAL NP (50 mg/kg/day) or DTX (10 mg/kg/day) were 76% and 85% smaller than the tumors
of negative control mice (*p<0.0001). The average weight of mice was 18.1 g and no statistically significant difference
was detected among groups during the study. Alopecia was only observed in all DTX-treated mice. The survival
rate was 100% for the control and BisBAL NP groups, but one DTX- treated mouse died at the end of the treatment
period. The histopathological analysis revealed that exposure to BisBAL NP was cytotoxic for tumor tissue only, without
affecting the liver or kidney.

Conclusion:
BisBAL NP decreased the tumor growing in a mouse melanoma model without secondary effects, constituting
an innovative low-cost alternative to treat melanoma.
Effect of Pelargonium graveolens on Glucose Metabolism in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Fadwa El-Ouady , Amtaghri Smail , Akdad Mourad , EL-Haidani Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Aims:The study aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of Pelargonium graveolens.Background:Pelargonium graveolens (P. graveolens) (Geraniaceae) is a medicinal plant frequently used in traditional medicine in Morocco and Algeria as a remedy against a multitude of illnesses. Interestingly, it is also used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia for managing diabetes.Objective:The current study was carried out in order to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of P. graveolens in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats, as well as to evaluate the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of leaves of Pelargonium graveolens (PGLAE).Methods:The therapeutic effect of PGLAE at a dose of 40 mg/kg on blood glucose levels was investigated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats after a single oral (6h) and a repeated (15 days) oral administration. The acute toxicity of the PGLAE was examined in accordance with the OECD test guideline. Post-treatment, body weight, signs of toxicity, and/or mortality were observed for 14 days. Further assays, such as the oral glucose tolerance test, histopathological examination, and antioxidant activity, were also performed according to standard protocols.Results:Findings exhibited that both single and repeated oral doses of PGLAE (40 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats. All treated animals survived and no apparent adverse effects were observed during the duration of the acute toxicity study. Importantly, oral LD50 of PGLAE was greater than 2000 mg/kg BW. Furthermore, a remarkable influence on glucose tolerance was also noticed after PGLAE treatment. Moreover, PGLAE was able to improve the histopathological structure of the liver and possesses a potential antioxidant effect in vitro.Conclusion:In conclusion, this study reported the antidiabetic effects of PGLAE in rats, supporting its traditional use for the management of diabetes.
La plateforme et le patrimoine : une enquête sur les valeurs des vidéos de concerts sur YouTube
Authors: Spanu Michaël 
Published: February 2022

Background: With the evolution of digital technologies, concerts have become a form of mediated content whose value is still poorly understood. This article proposes to consider the case of concert videos on YouTube featuring popular music.Analysis: For this purpose, we analyze a sample of concert videos filmed in Montreal, given the strong interconnection in this city between local musical scenes and the live performance industry alongside the image of creativity conveyed by large metropolitan centres.Conclusion and implications: The results reveal a great diversity of participants, types of content and modes of reception that together allude to an ambivalent system of values, at the intersection on the one hand of a logic of flux, promotion and performance typical of the new platform economy and on the other of a documentary and archivistic logic, not to say a heritage-based one. These results are discussed in reference to that area of study that focuses on the legacy of different types of popular music.