bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zuschauendes Verhalten an Unglücksorten – nicht immer ist es „Schaulust“, nicht immer sind es „Gaffer“
Authors: Karutz Harald 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungFast täglich berichten Medien darüber, dass Rettungsarbeiten an Unglückorten von „Gaffern“ und „Schaulustigen“ behindert werden. Ein derartiges Verhalten wird von Einsatzkräften sowie der breiten Öffentlichkeit kritisiert und als unethisch, verantwortungslos oder auch als Ausdruck gesellschaftlicher Verrohung betrachtet. Emotional ist das Thema stark aufgeladen.Mit diesem Artikel soll ein Überblick zu den Hypothesen und Theorien gegeben werden, mit denen zuschauendes Verhalten erklärt werden kann. Mittels einer Literaturrecherche wurden biologische bzw. ethologische, individual- und sozialpsychologische Erklärungsansätze für zuschauendes Verhalten an Unglücksorten identifiziert. Diese einzelnen Ansätze wurden in einem integrativen Rahmenmodell zusammengeführt.Es zeigt sich, dass zuschauendes Verhalten an Unglücksorten keineswegs allein auf „Neugier“ und „Schaulust“ zurückzuführen ist. Vielmehr muss von einem komplexen Zusammenwirken biologischer bzw. ethologischer, individual- und sozialpsychologischer Motive mit gesellschafts-, ereignis- und personenbezogenen Moderatorvariablen ausgegangen werden. Die pauschale Bezeichnung von Zuschauern an Unglücksorten als „Gaffer“ bzw. „Schaulustige“ wird der Komplexität des Phänomens somit nicht gerecht. Zuschauendes Verhalten an Unglücksorten ist individuell unterschiedlich und multifaktoriell begründet. Erst ein dementsprechend umfassendes Verständnis der Problematik bietet eine solide Grundlage für die Ableitung geeigneter Präventions- und Interventionsstrategien.
The serotonin receptor 3E variant is a risk factor for female IBS-D
Authors: Fritz Nikola , Berens Sabrina , Dong Yuanjun , Martínez Cristina , Schmitteckert Stefanie , Houghton Lesley A. , Goebel-Stengel Miriam , Wahl Verena , Kabisch Maria , Götze Dorothea , D’Amato Mauro , Zheng Tenghao , Röth Ralph , Mönnikes Hubert , Tesarz Jonas , Engel Felicitas , Gauss Annika , Raithel Martin , Andresen Viola , Keller Jutta , Frieling Thomas , Pehl Christian , Stein-Thöringer Christoph , Clarke Gerard , Kennedy Paul J. , Cryan John F. , Dinan Timothy G. , Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Spiller Robin , Beltrán Caroll , Madrid Ana María , Torres Verónica , Mayer Emeran A. , Sayuk Gregory , Gazouli Maria , Karamanolis George , Bustamante Mariona , Estivil Xavier , Rabionet Raquel , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M. , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Schmidt Börge , Franke André , Lieb Wolfgang , Herzog Wolfgang , Boeckxstaens Guy , Wouters Mira M. , Simrén Magnus , Rappold Gudrun A. , Vicario Maria , Santos Javier , Schaefert Rainer , Lorenzo-Bermejo Justo , Niesler Beate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut-brain disorder of multifactorial origin. Evidence of disturbed serotonergic function in IBS accumulated for the 5-HT3 receptor family. 5-HT3Rs are encoded by HTR3 genes and control GI function, and peristalsis and secretion, in particular. Moreover, 5-HT3R antagonists are beneficial in the treatment of diarrhea predominant IBS (IBS-D). We previously reported on functionally relevant SNPs in HTR3A c.-42C > T (rs1062613), HTR3C p.N163K (rs6766410), and HTR3E c.*76G > A (rs56109847 = rs62625044) being associated with IBS-D, and the HTR3B variant p.Y129S (rs1176744) was also described within the context of IBS. We performed a multi-center study to validate previous results and provide further evidence for the relevance of HTR3 genes in IBS pathogenesis. Therefore, genotype data of 2682 IBS patients and 9650 controls from 14 cohorts (Chile, Germany (2), Greece, Ireland, Spain, Sweden (2), the UK (3), and the USA (3)) were taken into account. Subsequent meta-analysis confirmed HTR3E c.*76G > A (rs56109847 = rs62625044) to be associated with female IBS-D (OR = 1.58; 95% CI (1.18, 2.12)). Complementary expression studies of four GI regions (jejunum, ileum, colon, sigmoid colon) of 66 IBS patients and 42 controls revealed only HTR3E to be robustly expressed. On top, HTR3E transcript levels were significantly reduced in the sigma of IBS patients (p = 0.0187); more specifically, in those diagnosed with IBS-D (p = 0.0145). In conclusion, meta-analysis confirmed rs56109847 = rs62625044 as a risk factor for female IBS-D. Expression analysis revealed reduced HTR3E levels in the sigmoid colon of IBS-D patients, which underlines the relevance of HTR3E in the pathogenesis of IBS-D.
Das kombinierte Modell der Entscheidungsassistenz
Authors: Scholten Matthé , Gather Jakov , Vollmann Jochen 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Auslegung von Artikel 12 der Behindertenrechtskonvention der Vereinten Nationen (Art. 12 UN-BRK) durch den Ausschuss für die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen hat zu einer Kontroverse über die Umsetzung des Artikels in der Psychiatrie geführt.FragestellungWie kann Art. 12 UN-BRK auf ethisch vertretbare Weise in der Psychiatrie umgesetzt werden?Material und MethodeEs wurde eine empirisch und rechtlich informierte konzeptionelle und ethische Analyse durchgeführt.ErgebnisseDas vorgeschlagene kombinierte Modell der Entscheidungsassistenz gewährleistet die Anerkennung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen als Rechtssubjekt, deren Gleichbehandlung im Hinblick auf die Erteilung einer Einwilligung sowie die Bereitstellung von Entscheidungsassistenz. Nach diesem Modell dürfen Zwangsbehandlungen nur unter Achtung des Willens und der Präferenzen der Person und weiteren Voraussetzungen der Verhältnismäßigkeit und unabhängiger Überprüfung durchgeführt werden.SchlussfolgerungenArt. 12 UN-BRK kann nach dem kombinierten Modell der Entscheidungsassistenz auf ethisch vertretbare Weise in der Psychiatrie umgesetzt werden.
Clustering directional data through depth functions
Authors: Pandolfo Giuseppe , D’ambrosio Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new depth-based clustering procedure for directional data is proposed. Such method is fully non-parametric and has the advantages to be flexible and applicable even in high dimensions when a suitable notion of depth is adopted. The introduced technique is evaluated through an extensive simulation study. In addition, a real data example in text mining is given to explain its effectiveness in comparison with other existing directional clustering algorithms.
Validation of an ovine vesicovaginal fistula model
Authors: Maljaars Lennart P. , Jeffery Stephen T. , Scholten Marlou , Kaestner Lisa , Jere Khumbo , Bezuidenhout Deon , Guler Zeliha , Roovers Jan-Paul W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
A representative, large animal model of vesicovaginal fistulas is needed for the training of surgeons and for the development of new surgical techniques and materials for obstetric fistula repair.

Methods
The safety, feasibility, and reproducibility of vesicovaginal fistula creation were studied in 4 adult female sheep. A 1-cm fistula was created between the vagina and the bladder through a transvaginal approach. The defect was allowed to heal for 8 weeks and the animals were then euthanized. The primary outcome was the fistula patency. Secondary outcomes were fistula size, urogenital dimensions, urodynamic evaluation, histology (inflammation, vascularization, collagen deposition) and biomechanical characteristics of the fistula edge (stress at break, maximum elongation, and stiffness).

Results
The transvaginal creation of a vesicovaginal fistula was safe. All animals survived the surgical procedure and follow-up period, without complications. Three of the four animals demonstrated a patent vesicovaginal fistula after 8 weeks. Baseline data are provided of the urogenital dimensions and the urodynamic, histological, and biomechanical characteristics of the model.

Conclusions
The ewe is a safe, feasible, and reproducible model for vesicovaginal fistulas. The model can help to study new techniques and materials to boost surgical innovation for vesicovaginal fistula repair.
Machine learning-based fault diagnosis for research nuclear reactor medium voltage power cables in fraction Fourier domain
Authors: Saad Mohamed H. , Said Abdelrahman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFault diagnosis of Medium Voltage power Cables (MVCs) research nuclear reactor, incredibly inaccessible/remote ones, has to be carefully identified, located, and fixed within a short time. Therefore, this paper proposes a perfect simultaneous fault diagnosis scheme based on Multiclass Support-Vector Machine (MCSVM) in the fractional Fourier domain. First, the three-phase sending currents are simulated under different conditions then their features are extracted using Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform (DFRFT). Afterward, the features reduction process occurs via the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) approach. MCSVM scheme is used to diagnose faults (i.e., discover, categorize, and trace) using reduced features outcome from DFRFT and SVD stages. Alternating Transient Program/Electromagnetic Transient Program (ATP/EMTP) simulations have been carried out for 22 kV unreachable MVC. Different kernels of SVM, i.e., linear, quadratic, or polynomial, and diverse factors of DFRFT, i.e., α, are investigated in simulations to obtain the optimum performance (i.e., best α and kernel pair). Hence, performance analysis of the proposed diagnosis method under different conditions (i.e., various fault resistances, locations, and inception angles) concluded two highest accuracy and lowest time settings, which were found at α = 0.5 (for both) quadratic kernel, and linear kernel, respectively. Moreover, the linear kernel achieves 99.8% accuracy rate, the lowest execution time (10 ms), and fault tracing error rate of 0.525789%, which is proper for real-time applications. Besides, our proposed method is more reliable and accurate against variable operating conditions (fault resistances, distances, and inception angles), leading to more reliable power production systems.
Anticanonical geometry of the blow-up of $$\mathbb {P}^4$$ in 8 points and its Fano model
Authors: Xie Zhixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBuilding on the work of Casagrande–Codogni–Fanelli, we develop our study on the birational geometry of the Fano fourfold $$Y=M_{S,-K_S}$$

Y
=

M

S
,
-

K
S

which is the moduli space of semi-stable rank-two torsion-free sheaves with $$c_1=-K_S$$

c
1

=
-

K
S

and $$c_2=2$$

c
2

=
2

on a polarised degree-one del Pezzo surface $$(S,-K_S)$$

(
S
,
-

K
S

)

. Based on the relation between Y and the blow-up of $$\mathbb {P}^4$$

P

4

in 8 points, we describe completely the base scheme of the anticanonical system $$|{-}K_Y|$$

|
-

K
Y

|

. We also prove that the Bertini involution $$\iota _Y$$

ι
Y

of Y, induced by the Bertini involution $$\iota _S$$

ι
S

of S, preserves every member in $$|{-}K_Y|$$

|
-

K
Y

|

. In particular, we establish the relation between $$\iota _Y$$

ι
Y

and the anticanonical map of Y, and we describe the action of $$\iota _Y$$

ι
Y

by analogy with the action of $$\iota _S$$

ι
S

on S.
The impact of enteric coating of aspirin on aspirin responsiveness in patients with suspected or newly diagnosed ischemic stroke: prospective cohort study: results from the (ECASIS) study
Authors: Elshafei Mohamed Nabil , Imam Yahia , Alsaud Arwa Ebrahim , Chandra Prem , Parray Aijaz , Abdelmoneim Mohamed S. , Obeidat Khaldun , Saeid Razan , Ali Mohammad , Ayadathil Raheem , Mohamed Mouhand F. H. , Abdallah Ibtihal M. , Mohammed Shaban , Akhtar Naveed , Danjuma Mohammed Ibn-Masoud 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and purpose
Uncertainty remains regarding the impact of enteric-coated aspirin (EC-ASA) on secondary prevention of ischemic stroke compared to plain aspirin (P-ASA). Hence, this study was designed to investigate the effect of EC formulation on ASA response via evaluating thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels in patients with suspected or newly diagnosed stroke.

Methods
A prospective cohort study on suspected or newly diagnosed ischemic stroke patients who are aspirin-naive was conducted. Patients were received either EC aspirin or plain aspirin for at least 3 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of aspirin non-responsiveness between two groups (level of residual serum TXB2 associated with elevated thrombotic risk (< 99.0% inhibition or TXB2 > 3.1 ng/ml) within 72 h after three daily aspirin doses, while secondary outcomes were the incidence of early gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bleeding with the various aspirin preparations. (Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04330872 registered on 02 April 2020).

Results
Of 42 patients, ischemic strokes were confirmed in both P-ASA (81%) and EC-ASA (67%) arms. ASA non-responsiveness showed no significant difference between the two formulations (P-ASA vs. EC-ASA; 28.6% vs 23.8%; P = 0.726). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients treated with EC-ASA were more likely to have a lower rate of non-responders compared to P-ASA (unadjusted OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.20, 3.11); with the risk highest in type 2 diabetic patients with HBA1c > 6.5% (adjusted OR 6; 95% CI 1.02, 35.27; P = 0.047). No incidence of GIT bleeding observed throughout the study.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of ASA non-responsiveness was recorded regardless of ASA formulation administered. The increased risk of ASA non-responsiveness in diabetic patients needs further exploration by larger prospective studies.
Synthetic and biological surfactant effects on freshwater biofilm community composition and metabolic activity
Authors: Gill Stephanie P. , Hunter William R. , Coulson Laura E. , Banat Ibrahim M. , Schelker Jakob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Surfactants are used to control microbial biofilms in industrial and medical settings. Their known toxicity on aquatic biota, and their longevity in the environment, has encouraged research on biodegradable alternatives such as rhamnolipids. While previous research has investigated the effects of biological surfactants on single species biofilms, there remains a lack of information regarding the effects of synthetic and biological surfactants in freshwater ecosystems. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to test how the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the biological surfactant rhamnolipid altered community composition and metabolic activity of freshwater biofilms. Biofilms were cultured in the flumes using lake water from Lake Lunz in Austria, under high (300 ppm) and low (150 ppm) concentrations of either surfactant over a four-week period. Our results show that both surfactants significantly affected microbial diversity. Up to 36% of microbial operational taxonomic units were lost after surfactant exposure. Rhamnolipid exposure also increased the production of the extracellular enzymes, leucine aminopeptidase, and glucosidase, while SDS exposure reduced leucine aminopeptidase and glucosidase. This study demonstrates that exposure of freshwater biofilms to chemical and biological surfactants caused a reduction of microbial diversity and changes in biofilm metabolism, exemplified by shifts in extracellular enzyme activities.

Key points
• Microbial biofilm diversity decreased significantly after surfactant exposure.
• Exposure to either surfactant altered extracellular enzyme activity.
• Overall metabolic activity was not altered, suggesting functional redundancy.
Fabrication of electrospun polyamide–weathered basalt nano-composite as a non-conventional membrane for basic and acid dye removal
Authors: El-Sheikh M. N. , Metwally Bahaa S. , Mubarak Mahmoud. F. , Ahmed Hanan A. , Abdel Moghny Thanaa , Zayed Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, an adsorptive electrospun polyamide membrane (ESPA) and electrospun polyamide–weathered basalt composite membrane (ESPA-WB) were prepared by an electrospinning process at room temperature. Hence, the WB structure was built as a polymeric membrane separation film in combination with the ESPA matrix as a composite nano-filtration membrane. Then, the ESPA and ESPA-WB membranes were characterized using BET surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To avoid cracks forming during the sintering process, the WB should be added in certain percentages. The microstructures of the prepared membranes were investigated to evaluate their efficiency for basic and acidic dyesʼ removal and their permeation flux. Compared with the ESPA, the ESPA-WB membrane combines the characteristics of WB and ESPA, which greatly enhances the performance of both methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes removal from synthetic wastewater. The outcomes of this study indicated that the dye uptake in the case of ESPA-WB is higher than that of ESPA, and it decreases with an increase in dye concentrations. The obtained membrane ESPA-WB showed both an excellent anti-dye fouling and a good rejection property for both dyes (i.e. 90% rejection for MB and 74% for MO) with no sign of contamination by the applied dyes. It was found that the structure of the ESPA-WB membrane contains a large number of several adsorption sites which leads to an increase in the removal rate of dyes. Hence, this study demonstrated a non-conventional strategy to prepare an effective adsorptive nano-composite membrane that can be applied as a highly recyclable one for the removal of organic dyes.

Graphic abstract
Representation of the Mozambique channel trough and its link to southern African rainfall in CMIP6 models
Authors: Barimalala Rondrotiana , James Rachel , Munday Callum , Reason Chris J. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe topography of Madagascar and the strength of the Mozambique Channel Trough (MCT) modulate summer rainfall over southern Africa. A strong MCT hinders the penetration of moisture bearing easterlies from the South Indian Ocean into the mainland, thus reducing rainfall there and vice versa for weak MCT summers. Given the link between the MCT and rainfall, it is important to analyse how climate models represent the trough. Here, output from 20 models within the CMIP6 ensemble of Coupled General Circulation Models (CGCMs) are analyzed to investigate how state-of-the-art CGCMs represent the MCT and its link to southern African rainfall. Overall, the ensemble mean insignificantly underestimates the observed MCT. There is a large spread among the models, with the strength of the MCT significantly correlated with the Froude number based on the mountain height over Madagascar. In models, the vorticity tendency in the MCT area is dominated by the stretching and friction terms, whereas the vertical advection, tilting and residual terms dominate in the ERA5 reanalysis. The link between MCT and rainfall in the southern African subcontinent is missing in the models. Large rainfall biases are depicted over mainland even in models with a very strong MCT. It is found that the impacts of the MCT in the models could be masked by a complex mix of processes such as the strength of the Angola low, moisture fluxes from the Indian and South Atlantic Oceans as well as overestimated convection in the Mozambique Channel area.
PolyGA targets the ER stress-adaptive response by impairing GRP75 function at the MAM in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD
Authors: Pilotto Federica , Schmitz Alexander , Maharjan Niran , Diab Rim , Odriozola Adolfo , Tripathi Priyanka , Yamoah Alfred , Scheidegger Olivier , Oestmann Angelina , Dennys Cassandra N. , Sinha Ray Shrestha , Rodrigo Rochelle , Kolb Stephen , Aronica Eleonora , Di Santo Stefano , Widmer Hans Rudolf , Charlet-Berguerand Nicolas , Selvaraj Bhuvaneish T , Chandran Siddharthan , Meyer Kathrin , Zuber Benoît , Goswami Anand , Weis Joachim , Saxena Smita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractER stress signaling is linked to the pathophysiological and clinical disease manifestations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we have investigated ER stress-induced adaptive mechanisms in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD, focusing on uncovering early endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms and the crosstalk between pathological and adaptive responses in disease onset and progression. We provide evidence for the early onset of ER stress-mediated adaptive response in C9ORF72 patient-derived motoneurons (MNs), reflected by the elevated increase in GRP75 expression. These transiently increased GRP75 levels enhance ER–mitochondrial association, boosting mitochondrial function and sustaining cellular bioenergetics during the initial stage of disease, thereby counteracting early mitochondrial deficits. In C9orf72 rodent neurons, an abrupt reduction in GRP75 expression coincided with the onset of UPR, mitochondrial dysfunction and the emergence of PolyGA aggregates, which co-localize with GRP75. Similarly, the overexpression of PolyGA in WT cortical neurons or C9ORF72 patient-derived MNs led to the sequestration of GRP75 within PolyGA inclusions, resulting in mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake impairments. Corroborating these findings, we found that PolyGA aggregate-bearing human post-mortem C9ORF72 hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons not only display reduced expression of GRP75 but also exhibit GRP75 sequestration within inclusions. Sustaining high GRP75 expression in spinal C9orf72 rodent MNs specifically prevented ER stress, normalized mitochondrial function, abrogated PolyGA accumulation in spinal MNs, and ameliorated ALS-associated behavioral phenotype. Taken together, our results are in line with the notion that neurons in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD are particularly susceptible to ER–mitochondrial dysfunction and that GRP75 serves as a critical endogenous neuroprotective factor. This neuroprotective pathway, is eventually targeted by PolyGA, leading to GRP75 sequestration, and its subsequent loss of function at the MAM, compromising mitochondrial function and promoting disease onset.
The association of serum immunoglobulins with cognition and dementia: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Khan Samer R. , Yaqub Amber , Ikram M. Kamran , van Hagen P. Martin , Peeters Robin P. , Dalm Virgil A. S. H. , Chaker Layal , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of dementia, but the association of serum immunoglobulins with dementia has been understudied and longitudinal data are currently lacking. We investigated the association of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M with cognition and dementia in a population-based cohort.

Methods
This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study. Participants with information on serum immunoglobulin levels, measured between 1997 and 2009, were followed for incident dementia until 2016. Assessment of cognitive function and dementia was performed according to validated tests and clinical criteria respectively. We studied the association between serum immunoglobulins with prevalent and incident dementia using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses respectively. We performed linear regression analyses to quantify the cross-sectional association of serum immunoglobulins with global cognition as well as separate cognitive tests. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors.

Results
We included 8768 participants (median age of 62.2 years, 57% women, median follow-up 10.7 years). Overall, none of the immunoglobulins was associated with prevalent or incident dementia. Higher IgG levels were associated with lower scores of global cognition (adjusted standardized mean difference − 0.04; 95% confidence interval:− 0.06; − 0.02) and separate cognitive tests.

Conclusion
In middle-aged and older individuals from the general population, serum Igs were not associated with prevalent or incident dementia, which may imply that serum Igs are not involved in the pathophysiology of dementia. Although higher IgG levels were associated with worse cognitive function, studies with longitudinal data should exclude reverse causation.