bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/flax hybrid composites
Authors: Malik Khurshid , Ahmad Faiz , Yunus Nurul Azhani , Gunister Ebru , Ali Saad , Raza Ali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research investigates the physical and mechanical properties of hybrid composites made of epoxy reinforced by kenaf and flax natural fibers to investigate the hybridization influences of the composites. Pure and hybrid composites were fabricated using bi‐directional kenaf and flax fabrics at different stacking sequences utilizing the vacuum‐assisted resin infusion method. The pure and hybrid composites' physical properties, such as density, fiber volume fraction (FVF), water absorption capacity, and dimensional stability, were measured. The tests of tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear and fracture toughness (Mode II) were examined to determine the mechanical properties. The results revealed that density remained unchanged for the hybrid compared to pure kenaf/epoxy composites. The tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear performance of flax/epoxy composite is improved by an increment of kenaf FVF in hybrid composites. The stacking sequence significantly affected the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The highest tensile strength (59.8 MPa) was obtained for FK2 (alternative sequence of flax and kenaf fibers). However, FK3 (flax fiber located on the outer surfaces) had the highest interlaminar shear strength (12.5 MPa) and fracture toughness (3302.3 J/m2) among all tested hybrid composites. The highest water resistance was achieved for FK5 with the lowest thickness swelling.
Progress in the Foaming of Polymer‐based Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Composites by Supercritical CO2
Authors: Yang Jianming , Yan Xin , Xu Xinru , Chen Yujian , Han Wei , Chai Xianzhi , Liu Xiang , Liu Jiaxing , Liu Chen , Zhang Hexin , Li Xiao , Zhang Zhen , Wang Tie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a critical action plan formulated for peaking carbon dioxide emissions, polymeric electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials based on CO2 foaming technology have recently been attracting widespread attention in both research and industry, attributable to their efficient use of CO2, high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low‐cost characteristics. In the past decade, the emergence of novel design concepts and preparation techniques for CO2 foaming technology has led to the development of new high‐performance EMI shielding materials in this field. This review summarizes the research progress made to date on the fabrication of EMI shielding composite foams by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) foaming. We also explore the structure‐activity relationships between the component/distribution and EMI shielding properties. Additionally, the application prospects and development challenges of new EMI shielding composite foams are described.
Predicting transporter mediated drug–drug interactions via static and dynamic physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: A comprehensive insight on where we are now and the way forward
Authors: Vijaywargi Gautam , Kollipara Sivacharan , Ahmed Tausif , Chachad Siddharth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe greater utilization and acceptance of physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to evaluate the potential metabolic drug–drug interactions is evident by the plethora of literature, guidance's, and regulatory dossiers available in the literature. In contrast, it is not widely used to predict transporter‐mediated DDI (tDDI). This is attributed to the unavailability of accurate transporter tissue expression levels, the absence of accurate in vitro to in vivo extrapolations (IVIVE), enzyme‐transporter interplay, and a lack of specific probe substrates. Additionally, poor understanding of the inhibition/induction mechanisms coupled with the inability to determine unbound concentrations at the interaction site made tDDI assessment challenging. Despite these challenges, continuous improvements in IVIVE approaches enabled accurate tDDI predictions. Furthermore, the necessity of extrapolating tDDI's to special (pediatrics, pregnant, geriatrics) and diseased (renal, hepatic impaired) populations is gaining impetus and is encouraged by regulatory authorities. This review aims to visit the current state‐of‐the‐art and summarizes contemporary knowledge on tDDI predictions. The current understanding and ability of static and dynamic PBPK models to predict tDDI are portrayed in detail. Peer‐reviewed transporter abundance data in special and diseased populations from recent publications were compiled, enabling direct input into modeling tools for accurate tDDI predictions. A compilation of regulatory guidance's for tDDI's assessment and success stories from regulatory submissions are presented. Future perspectives and challenges of predicting tDDI in terms of in vitro system considerations, endogenous biomarkers, the use of empirical scaling factors, enzyme‐transporter interplay, and acceptance criteria for model validation to meet the regulatory expectations were discussed.
Carboxymethyl cellulose–alginate interpenetrating hydroxy ethyl methacrylate crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol reinforced hybrid hydrogel templates with improved biological performance for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Sedighim Sharona , Chen Yiqing , Xu Changlu , Mohindra Rohit , Liu Huinan , Agrawal Devendra K. , Thankam Finosh G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCardiac tissue engineering is an emerging approach for cardiac regeneration utilizing the inherent healing responses elicited by the surviving heart using biomaterial templates. In this study, we aimed to develop hydrogel scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). Two superabsorbent hydrogels, CAHA2A and CAHA2AP, were developed employing interpenetration chemistry. CAHA2A was constituted with alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, (hydroxyethyl) methacrylate, and acrylic acid, where CAHA2AP was prepared by interpenetrated CAHA2A with polyvinyl alcohol. Both hydrogels displayed superior physiochemical characteristics, as determined by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy spectral analysis, differential scanning calorimetry measurements, tensile testing, contact angle, water profiling, dye release, and conductivity. In vitro degradation of the hydrogels displayed acceptable weight composure and pH changes. Both hydrogels were hemocompatible, and biocompatible as evidenced by direct contact and MTT assays. The hydrogels promoted anterograde and retrograde migration as determined by the z‐stack analysis using H9c2 cells grown with both gels. Additionally, the coculture of the hydrogels with swine epicardial adipose tissue cells and cardiac fibroblasts resulted in synchronous growth without any toxicity. Also, both hydrogels facilitated the production of extracellular matrix by the H9c2 cells. Overall, the findings support an appreciable in vitro performance of both hydrogels for cardiac tissue engineering applications.
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition as a learning paradigm of cell biology
Authors: Carvalho Leão Marnie Hillary , Costa Manoel Luis , Mermelstein Claudia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological process that occurs during normal embryogenesis and in certain pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. EMT can be viewed as a cell biology‐based process, since it involves all the cellular components, including the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and mitochondria, as well as cellular processes, such as regulation of gene expression and cell cycle, adhesion, migration, signaling, differentiation, and death. Therefore, we propose that EMT could be used to motivate undergraduate medical students to learn and understand cell biology. Here, we describe and discuss the involvement of each cellular component and process during EMT. To investigate the density with which different cell biology concepts are used in EMT research, we apply a bibliometric approach. The most frequent cell biology topics in EMT studies were regulation of gene expression, cell signaling, cell cycle, cell adhesion, cell death, cell differentiation, and cell migration. Finally, we suggest that the study of EMT could be incorporated into undergraduate disciplines to improve cell biology understanding among premedical, medical and biomedical students.
Concertedness and Activation Energy Control by Distal Methyl Group during Ring Contraction/Expansion in Scalarane‐Type Sesterterpenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Sato Hajime , Nakano Moe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSalmahyritisol A, similan A, and hippospongide A, which are scalarane‐type sesterterpenoids, feature 6/6/5/7/5 pentacyclic skeletons. Although their biosyntheses have been previously proposed to involve a unique skeletal rearrangement reaction, the detailed reaction mechanism remains unclear as none of the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes for this reaction have been reported. Herein, this skeletal rearrangement reaction was investigated using computational techniques, which revealed the following four key features: (i) the distal 24‐Me substituent controls both the concertedness and activation energy of this transformation, (ii) enzymes are not responsible for the observed regioselectivity of C12−C20 bond formation, (iii) stereoselectivity is enzyme‐regulated, and (iv) protonation is a key step in this skeletal rearrangement process. These new findings provide insight into the C‐ring‐contraction and D‐ring‐expansion mechanisms in scalarane‐type sesterterpenoid biosyntheses.
Selective Separation of Hazardous Chemicals from Vapor Phase by an Easily Accessible Breathing Coordination Polymer Derived from Terpyridyl/terephthalate Mixed Ligands
Authors: Bera Sourabh , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoordination polymers are extensively studied materials because of their various potential applications. Amongst them, breathing coordination polymers that are capable of exchanging lattice occluded guest molecules with other guests via single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC–SC) fashion are particularly intriguing. Herein, we disclose an easily accessible breathing coordination polymer namely DMF@Zn‐CP capable of exchanging as many as 23 guest molecules of various kinds in SC–SC fashion when the crystals of the coordination polymer were exposed to the corresponding vapor of the guests. Selectivity experiments revealed that it was also capable of separating selectively hazardous chemicals such as dichloro‐methane, benzene and fluorobenzene from the corresponding complex mixture of vapors of halomethanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and halobenzenes. The breathing coordination polymer could also be exploited as drug delivery vehicle; slow and sustained release of anti‐bacterial agents (benzyl alcohol/phenethyl amine) as guests against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria was evident in zone inhibition assays. A mixed ligand strategy wherein a nitrile containing terpyridyl ligand (L) and terephthalate (TA) co‐ligand were reacted with Co(II)/Ni(II)/Zn(II) nitrate salts was adopted herein. Three coordination polymers namely MeOH@Co‐CP, DMF/H2O@Ni‐CP and DMF@Zn‐CP were isolated and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Studies revealed that only DMF@Zn‐CP possessed the ability to breath in response to the vapors of the guests as stimuli.
Aromatic 1,2‐Azaborinin‐1‐yls as Electron‐Withdrawing Anionic Nitrogen Ligands for Main Group Elements
Authors: Lindl Felix , Lamprecht Anna , Arrowsmith Merle , Khitro Eugen , Rempel Anna , Dietz Maximilian , Wellnitz Tim , Bélanger‐Chabot Guillaume , Stoy Andreas , Paprocki Valerie , Prieschl Dominik , Lenczyk Carsten , Ramler Jacqueline , Lichtenberg Crispin , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 2‐aryl‐3,4,5,6‐tetraphenyl‐1,2‐azaborinines 1‐EMe3 and 2‐EMe3 (E=Si, Sn; aryl=Ph (1), Mes (=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl, 2)) were synthesized by ring‐expansion of borole precursors with N3EMe3‐derived nitrenes. Desilylative hydrolysis of 1‐ and 2‐SiMe3 yielded the corresponding N‐protonated azaborinines, which were deprotonated with nBuLi or MN(SiMe3)2 (M=Na, K) to the corresponding group 1 salts, 1‐M and 2‐M. While the lithium salts crystallized as monomeric Lewis base adducts, the potassium salts formed coordination polymers or oligomers via intramolecular K⋅⋅⋅aryl π interactions. The reaction of 1‐M or 2‐M with CO2 yielded N‐carboxylate salts, which were derivatized by salt metathesis to methyl and silyl esters. Salt metathesis of 1‐M or 2‐M with methyl triflate, [Cp*BeCl] (Cp*=C5Me5), BBr2Ar (Ar=Ph, Mes, 2‐thienyl), ECl3 (E=B, Al, Ga) and PX3 (X=Cl, Br) afforded the respective group 2, 13 and 15 1,2‐azaborinin‐2‐yl complexes. Salt metathesis of 1‐K with BBr3 resulted not only in N‐borylation but also Ph‐Br exchange between the endocyclic and exocyclic boron atoms. Solution 11B NMR data suggest that the 1,2‐azaborinin‐2‐yl ligand is similarly electron‐withdrawing to a bromide. In the solid state the endocyclic bond length alternation and the twisting of the C4BN ring increase with the sterics of the substituents at the boron and nitrogen atoms, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the downfield shift of the endocyclic 11B NMR resonances is linearly correlated to both the degree of twisting of the C4BN ring and the tilt angle of the N‐substituent. Calculations indicate that the 1,2‐azaborinin‐1‐yl ligand has no sizeable π‐donor ability and that the aromaticity of the ring can be subtly tuned by the electronics of the N‐substituent.
Techno‐Economic Assessment of a Microalgae Biorefinery
Authors: Guo Bingfeng , Hornung Ursel , Zhang Shicheng , Dahmen Nicolaus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA preliminary techno‐economic assessment of a microalgae biorefinery plant is reported, with pulsed electric field treatment (PEF) hydrothermal liquefaction as core technology. The results indicate that standalone production of microalgae biofuel would lead to an annual loss of 2.615 M€. PEF treatment could improve this scenario by bringing the microalgae biofuel to a competitive level (0.78 € kg−1). Assuming that microalgae biofuel would be sold at the price of crude oil (0.44 € kg−1), the minimum price of the amino‐acid based product should be 7.56 € L−1 for positive capital returns.
Hydrogen Production and Carbon Capture by Gas‐Phase Methane Pyrolysis: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lott Patrick , Mokashi Manas B. , Müller Heinz , Heitlinger Dominik J. , Lichtenberg Sven , Shirsath Akash B. , Janzer Corina , Tischer Steffen , Maier Lubow , Deutschmann Olaf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing natural gas and sustainable biogas as feed, high‐temperature pyrolysis represents a potential technology for large‐scale hydrogen production and simultaneous carbon capture. Further utilization of solid carbon accruing during the process (i. e., in battery industry or for metallurgy) increases the process's economic chances. This study demonstrated the feasibility of gas‐phase methane pyrolysis for hydrogen production and carbon capture in an electrically heated high‐temperature reactor operated between 1200 and 1600 °C under industrially relevant conditions. While hydrogen addition controlled methane conversion and suppressed the formation of undesired byproducts, an increasing residence time decreased the amount of byproducts and benefited high hydrogen yields. A temperature of 1400 °C ensured almost full methane conversion, moderate byproduct formation, and high hydrogen yield. A reaction flow analysis of the gas‐phase kinetics revealed acetylene, ethylene, and benzene as the main intermediate products and precursors of carbon formation.
Wetland characteristics affect abundance and diversity of wintering birds: A case study in South‐Western Iran
Authors: Malekian Mansoureh , Salarpour Roghayeh , Ranaie Mehrdad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWater availability is an important driver of bird population change, and its effects are likely to increase in coming decades under climate change. Here we assess effects of temperature, precipitation, and water area on wintering bird populations in Miyangaran Wetland in southwestern Iran. Modeling methods including, generalized linear model (GLM) and hierarchical partitioning were used to examine the relative importance of variables. The number of wintering species, inhabiting the wetland, varied among years, ranging from 10 to 48 species. The total number of wintering birds showed a significant decreasing trend. A significant increasing trend was obtained for shorebirds, while waterfowl species were significantly decreased. The GLM showed that species abundance, richness, and diversity were significantly correlated with the standardized precipitation index (SPI), annual precipitation, and normalized difference water index (NDWI). Hierarchical partitioning analysis also identified NDWI, SPI, and annual precipitation as the most important variables with average independent effects of 35, 36 (p < .01) and 17% (p < .05), respectively. Our results revealed that the water area plays a major role in determining the structure of bird diversity and abundance, affecting both waterfowl and shorebirds.
Memory CD8+ T cells upregulate glycolysis and effector functions under limiting oxygen conditions
Authors: Beumer‐Chuwonpad Ammarina , van Alphen Floris P.J. , Kragten Natasja A.M. , Freen‐van Heeren Julian J. , Rodriguez Gomez Maria , Verhoeven Arthur J. , van den Biggelaar Maartje , van Gisbergen Klaas P.J.M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMemory CD8+ T cells are indispensable for maintaining long‐term immunity against intracellular pathogens and tumors. Despite their presence at oxygen‐deprived infected tissue sites or in tumors, the impact of local oxygen pressure on memory CD8+ T cells remains largely unclear. We sought to elucidate how oxygen pressure impacts memory CD8+ T cells arising after infection with Listeria monocytogenes‐OVA. Our data revealed that reduced oxygen pressure during in vitro culture switched CD8+ T cell metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to a glycolytic phenotype. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed that limiting oxygen conditions increased the expression of glucose transporters and components of the glycolytic pathway, while decreasing TCA cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins. The altered CD8+ T cell metabolism did not affect the expansion potential, but enhanced the granzyme B and IFN‐γ production capacity. In vivo, memory CD8+ T cells cultured under low oxygen pressure provided protection against bacterial rechallenge. Taken together, our study indicates that strategies of cellular immune therapy may benefit from reducing oxygen during culture to develop memory CD8+ T cells with superior effector functions.
Zero‐Field Splittings and Redox Potentials in an Isostructural Series of Dinuclear FeIITiIV, FeIIITiIV, and MnIITiIV Complexes with a Face‐Sharing Bridging Motive
Authors: Liratzis Ioannis , Walleck Stephan , Oldengott Jan , Stammler Anja , Bögge Hartmut , Bill Eckhard , Glaser Thorsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ligand H6ioan has been used to synthesize the three dinuclear complexes [(ioan)MnIITiIV], [(ioan)FeIITiIV], and [(ioan)FeIIITiIV]+. The face‐sharing bridging mode of the three phenolates provides short M‐TiIV distances of ≈3.0 Å. Mössbauer spectra of [(ioan)FeIIITiIV]+ show a magnetically split six‐line spectrum at 3 K in zero magnetic field demonstrating a slow magnetic relaxation. Magnetic measurements provide a zero‐field splitting of |D|=5 cm−1 in [(ioan)FeIITiIV]. EPR spectroscopy demonstrates sizable zero‐field splittings of the S=5/2 spin systems of [(ioan)MnIITiIV] (D=0.246 cm−1) and [(ioan)FeIIITiIV]+ (D<−1 cm−1) that can be related to enforced covalency of the M‐Oph bonds. [(ioan)FeIIITiIV]+ exhibits a reversible reduction at −0.26 V vs. Fc+/Fc demonstrating the facile accessibility of FeIII and FeII. In contrast to an irreversible oxidation in [(ioan)NiIITiIV] at 0.78 V vs. Fc+/Fc, the reversible oxidation at 0.25 V vs. Fc+/Fc in [(ioan)MnIITiIV] indicates even the access of MnIII. These results indicate that pentanuclear complexes [(ioan)FeM1M2M1Fe(ioan)]n+ are meaningful targets to access electron delocalization in mixed‐valence systems over five ions due to the facile accessibility of both FeII and FeIII in the terminal positions. This study provides important local spin‐Hamiltonian and Mössbauer parameters that will be essential for the understanding of the potentially complicated electronic structure in the anticipated pentanuclear complexes.
Synthesis of (±)‐Physovenine through Electrochemical C−O Bond Formation
Authors: Wang Feijun , Frankowski Kevin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigated an electrochemical C−O bond formation approach to (±)‐physovenine. The reaction conditions are mild compared to canonical routes, which typically utilize strong hydride reagents such as lithium aluminum hydride. This enabled extension of the electrochemical cyclization to a substrate bearing the fully functionalized phenyl ring of the natural product. The electrochemical cyclization is diastereoselective and starting from enantiopure substrate would provide a single enantiomer of physovenine. In the course of an initial formal synthesis, we identified conditions to afford modest enantioselective substrate synthesis that demonstrate the feasibility of an enantioselective synthesis. Among the substrates investigated, acetyl‐, tosyl‐ or Boc‐nitrogen substitution led to an alternative electrochemical C−O bond formation pathway where the hydroxyl nucleophile cyclized onto the aromatic ring vs. the 2‐position of the indoline. This work expands the utility of electrochemical C−O bond formation and provides a foundation for further applications to functionalized cyclic ether construction.
Iodine(III)‐Mediated Electrophilic Chlorination and Catalytic Nitration of N‐Tosyl Anilines
Authors: Patil Dipak B. , Gámez‐Montaño Rocío , Ordoñez Mario , Solis‐Santos Melchor , Jiménez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Solorio‐Alvarado César R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn efficient iodine(III)‐based protocol for the chlorination and catalytic nitration of N‐tosyl anilines as well as the proposed reaction mechanism is described. The synergistic combination of the commercially available [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) with AlCl3, or (PhIO)n with Al(NO3)3, allowed the electrophilic introduction of chlorine and nitro group in the N‐tosyl aniline core in non‐acidic conditions. Our DFT calculations, performed for the chlorination process, indicate that this occurs through a cationic pathway in which the [Cl‐PhI
OTFA⋅AlCl3] is the chlorinating species and is formed under neutral conditions.
Change in anti‐COVID‐19 behaviour and anti‐immigrant prejudice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Longitudinal evidence from five European countries
Authors: Zingora Tibor , Birtel Michèle D. , Graf Sylvie , Hrebickova Martina , Lacko David , Rupar Mirjana , Tocik Jaroslav , Voca Shpend 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring a pandemic, it is vital to identify factors that motivate individuals to behave in ways that limit virus transmission (i.e., anti‐COVID‐19 behaviour). Fear has been suggested to motivate health‐oriented behaviour, yet fear of the virus (i.e., fear of COVID‐19) could have unintended consequences, such as an increase in anti‐immigrant prejudice. In a three‐wave longitudinal study (NT1 = 4275) in five European countries from April to October 2020, we investigated how social norms, the impact of the pandemic on individuals, and intergroup contact affected fear of COVID‐19 and—or in turn—anti‐COVID‐19 behaviour and prejudice towards immigrants. A latent change score model—distinguishing between intra‐ and inter‐individual changes in outcomes—indicated that fear of COVID‐19 influenced neither anti‐COVID‐19 behaviour nor prejudice. Anti‐COVID‐19 behaviour was increased by anti‐COVID‐19 norms (i.e., belief that others perform anti‐COVID‐19 behaviours), while prejudice was influenced by positive and negative direct and mass‐mediated intergroup contact.