bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Impacts of Reference Electrode Design on Lifetime and Stability
Authors: Duffy Timothy S , Hall Derek M. , Lvov Serguei N. , Dogan Omer 
Published: July 2022

Reference electrodes (RE) are essential to many electrochemical measurements and monitoring technologies. True reference electrodes allow measurement of pH, oxidation-reduction potentials, corrosion potentials, and more. The primary role of these REs is to maintain a stable and predictable potential while withstanding an application environment. When these goals cannot be maintained for a suitable amount of time due to complications like contamination or degradation, a pseudo-reference electrode is often used (e.g., a platinum wire) but diminishes the value of the collected electrochemical data (i.e., potential measurements are no longer traceable to the standard hydrogen scale.)
To limit the use of pseudo-reference electrodes, new RE designs are being produced to be more compatible with specific environments, to be more cost-effective, or to exhibit better potential stability for a longer time. Additionally, the operational lifetime/stability of the RE should reflect its application: a small, disposable reference electrode may only need to be stable for a few hours; a reference electrode for daily lab use may need maintenance once every other week; a reference electrode used in a remote location may need to be stable for months or many years without servicing. RE lifetimes are typically determined a posteriori (from observation) and not predicted at the design phase, which can make the process of designing a new RE very inefficient. In this paper, we will discuss key design considerations that impact the stability and lifetime for true reference electrodes.
Circulating Tumor DNA Kinetics Predict Progression-Free and Overall Survival in EGFR TKI–Treated Patients with EGFR-Mutant NSCLC (SWOG S1403)
Authors: Mack Philip C. , Miao Jieling , Redman Mary W. , Moon James , Goldberg Sarah B. , Herbst Roy S. , Melnick Mary Ann , Walther Zenta , Hirsch Fred R. , Politi Katerina , Kelly Karen , Gandara David R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Dynamic changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are under investigation as an early indicator of treatment outcome.

Experimental Design:
Serial plasma ctDNA (baseline, 8 weeks, and at progression) was prospectively incorporated into the SWOG S1403 clinical trial of afatinib ± cetuximab in tyrosine kinase inhibitor—naïve, EGFR mutation tissue–positive non–small cell lung cancer.

Results:
EGFR mutations were detected in baseline ctDNA in 77% (82/106) of patients, associated with the presence of brain and/or liver metastases and M1B stage. Complete clearance of EGFR mutations in ctDNA by 8 weeks was associated with a significantly decreased risk of progression, compared with those with persistent ctDNA at Cycle 3 Day 1 [HR, 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.45; P &lt; 0.0001], with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 15.1 (95% CI, 10.6–17.5) months in the group with clearance of ctDNA versus 4.6 (1.7–7.5) months in the group with persistent ctDNA. Clearance was also associated with a decreased risk of death (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21–0.90), P = 0.02; median overall survival (OS): 32.6 (23.5–not estimable) versus 15.6 (4.9–28.3) months.

Conclusions:
Plasma clearance of mutant EGFR ctDNA at 8 weeks was highly and significantly predictive of PFS and OS, outperforming RECIST response for predicting long-term benefit.
Inherited Germline Cancer Susceptibility Gene Variants in Individuals with Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Pietzak Eugene J. , Whiting Karissa , Srinivasan Preethi , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Khurram Aliya , Joseph Vijai , Walasek Aleksandra , Bochner Emily , Clinton Timothy , Almassi Nima , Truong Hong , de Jesus Escano Manuel R. , Wiseman Michal , Mandelker Diana , Kemel Yelena , Zhang Liying , Walsh Michael F. , Cadoo Karen A. , Coleman Jonathan A. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Iyer Gopakumar V. , Solit David B. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Offit Kenneth , Robson Mark E. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Berger Michael F. , Bajorin Dean F. , Carlo Maria , Bochner Bernard H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Identification of inherited germline variants can guide personalized cancer screening, prevention, and treatment. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in cancer predisposition genes are frequent among patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, but their prevalence and significance in patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the most common form of urothelial carcinoma, is understudied.

Experimental Design:
Germline analysis was conducted on paired tumor/normal sequencing results from two distinct cohorts of patients initially diagnosed with NMIBC. Associations between clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes with the presence of P/LP germline variants in ≥76 hereditary cancer predisposition genes were analyzed.

Results:
A similar frequency of P/LP germline variants were seen in our two NMIBC cohorts [12% (12/99) vs. 8.7% (10/115), P = 0.4]. In the combined analysis, P/LP germline variants were found only in patients with high-grade NMIBC (22/163), but none of the 46 patients with low-grade NMIBC (13.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.005). Fifteen (9.2%) patients with high-grade NMIBC had P/LP variants in DNA damage response genes, most within the nucleotide excision repair (ERCC2/3) and homologous recombination repair (BRCA1, NBN, RAD50) pathways. Contrary to prior reports in patients with NMIBC not receiving Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), P/LP germline variants were not associated with worse recurrence-free or progression-free survival in patients treated with BCG or with risk of developing upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Conclusions:
Our results support offering germline counseling and testing for all patients with high-grade bladder cancer, regardless of initial tumor stage. Therapeutic strategies that target impaired DNA repair may benefit patients with high-grade NMIBC.
Association of Plasma Iron Status with Subsequent Risk of Total and Site-Specific Cancer: A Large Case–Cohort Study within JPHC Study
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Nakano Shiori , Ihira Hikaru , Yamaji Taiki , Katagiri Ryoko , Sawada Norie , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iwasaki Motoki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

It is unclear whether prediagnostic iron-related biomarkers in circulation are associated with cancer risk. We constructed a case-cohort of participants who had plasma samples available from the Japan Public Health Center—based Prospective Study and determined the incidence of cancer in these participants. We measured plasma concentrations of iron, ferritin, and hepcidin, and assessed the association between each biomarker and cancer incidence using a weighted Cox regression model. There were 4,253 participants in the sub-cohort (the randomly selected participants from an eligible, at-risk population) and 3,596 incident cancer cases (499 cases occurred in the sub-cohort). Median follow-up was for 16.5 years. In the multivariable adjusted analysis, iron deficiency (plasma ferritin &lt;30 ng/mL) was associated with a higher risk of total cancer [adjusted HR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.42] and the association was weaker after excluding those followed-up for &lt;3 years. Iron overload was not significantly associated with total cancer (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82–1.33), but was associated with liver cancer (HR, 4.49; 95% CI, 2.71–7.43). Lower plasma levels of hepcidin and ferritin are associated with an increased gastrointestinal cancer risk. Meanwhile, lower plasma hepcidin and higher plasma ferritin levels were associated with an increased liver cancer risk. In conclusion, there was no association between iron overload and cancer risk, besides liver cancer.

Prevention relevance:
High ferritin and low hepcidin levels in the plasma were associated with increased liver cancer risk. Evaluating iron metabolism including hepcidin levels may help identify people with high liver cancer risk.
Mural Cell SRF Controls Pericyte Migration, Vessel Patterning and Blood Flow
Authors: Orlich Michael M. , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Muehlfriedel Regine , Sothilingam Vithiyanjali , Wolburg Hartwig , Oender Cansu Ebru , Woelffing Pascal , Betsholtz Christer , Gaengel Konstantin , Seeliger Mathias , Adams Ralf H. , Nordheim Alfred 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, collectively known as mural cells, are recruited through PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor B)-PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta) signaling. MCs are essential for vascular integrity, and their loss has been associated with numerous diseases. Most of this knowledge is based on studies in which MCs are insufficiently recruited or fully absent upon inducible ablation. In contrast, little is known about the physiological consequences that result from impairment of specific MC functions. Here, we characterize the role of the transcription factor SRF (serum response factor) in MCs and study its function in developmental and pathological contexts.

Methods:

We generated a mouse model of MC-specific inducible
Srf
gene deletion and studied its consequences during retinal angiogenesis using RNA-sequencing, immunohistology, in vivo live imaging, and in vitro techniques.

Results:
By postnatal day 6, pericytes lacking SRF were morphologically abnormal and failed to properly comigrate with angiogenic sprouts. As a consequence, pericyte-deficient vessels at the retinal sprouting front became dilated and leaky. By postnatal day 12, also the vascular smooth muscle cells had lost SRF, which coincided with the formation of pathological arteriovenous shunts. Mechanistically, we show that PDGFB-dependent SRF activation is mediated via MRTF (myocardin-related transcription factor) cofactors. We further show that MRTF-SRF signaling promotes pathological pericyte activation during ischemic retinopathy. RNA-sequencing, immunohistology, in vivo live imaging, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SRF regulates expression of contractile SMC proteins essential to maintain the vascular tone.

Conclusions:
SRF is crucial for distinct functions in pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. SRF directs pericyte migration downstream of PDGFRB signaling and mediates pathological pericyte activation during ischemic retinopathy. In vascular smooth muscle cells, SRF is essential for expression of the contractile machinery, and its deletion triggers formation of arteriovenous shunts. These essential roles in physiological and pathological contexts provide a rationale for novel therapeutic approaches through targeting SRF activity in MCs.
Increase in Ruptured Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations and Mortality in the United States: Unintended Consequences of the ARUBA Trial?
Authors: Dicpinigaitis Alis J. , Ogulnick Jonathan V. , Mayer Stephan A. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Al‐Mufti Fawaz 
Published: July 2022

Background
The findings of the ARUBA (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation) trial, which determined that medical management was superior to prophylactic interventional therapy for the treatment of unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs), remain polarizing and controversial.

Methods
Adult cAVM patient admissions were identified in the National Inpatient Sample from 2009 to 2019. The incidence of cAVM rupture and in‐hospital mortality were compared between the pre‐ (2009–2013) and post‐ARUBA trial eras (2014–2019) using complex samples‐weighted estimates and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A control cohort composed of an alternate pathology (ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms) was also assessed during the study period to evaluate potential bias.

Results

Among 121 415 hospitalizations for cAVM during the study period, 31 389 (25.9%) were admissions for ruptured malformations. The incidence of ruptured cAVM increased in the post‐ARUBA trial era (13.3% versus 34.4%;
P
<0.001) as well as rates of in‐hospital mortality (2.0% versus 7.6%;
P
<0.001). Following multivariable regression analysis adjusting for age, illness severity, and acute neurological condition, the post‐ARUBA trial era was independently associated with both cAVM rupture (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.99; [95% CI, 1.72–2.29];
P
<0.001) and in‐hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.94; [95% CI, 1.37–2.75];
P
<0.001). Control cohort comparative analysis revealed that rates of hospitalizations for ruptured cerebral aneurysms relative to all aneurysm admissions did not differ before and after 2014 (84.5% versus 84.3%;
P
=0.185).

Conclusion
The incidence of ruptured cAVM increased following 2014, potentially a reflection of a paradigm shift to conservative and noninterventional management strategies in patients with unruptured cAVM. Further studies may be necessary to exclude other confounders contributing to this rise.
The Failure to Destroy the Authority of the European Court of Human Rights: 2010–2018
Authors: Sweet Alec Stone , Sandholtz Wayne , Andenas Mads 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the 2010–2018 period, certain Member States of the Council of Europe engaged in an unprecedented attempt to undermine the authority of the European Court of Human Rights. The United Kingdom and Denmark, supported by critics in academia, notably sought to institutionalise the principles of “subsidiarity” and “the margin of appreciation” as formal deference doctrines. In a series of High Level Conferences, a large majority of Member States repudiated these efforts, leaving the basics of the Court’s powers intact. Despite scholarly efforts to demonstrate the contrary, our analysis does not confirm that the Court has “walked-back” rights, or retreated from its basic jurisprudential orientations. Rather, the Court has sought to address its “dilemma of effectiveness” through inter-judicial dialogue and complex forms of proceduralization.
The Politics of Galut: On the Rabbinical Tradition of the Least Bad Solution
Authors: Trom Danny 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Since exile, the galut, is an outcome of Israel’s defeat, the Jewish political tradition rests on the quest of the least bad solution. This contrasts with Greek-Western political theory. Residing in foreign kingdoms, Jews had to accept their domination and invest in ways to survive in hostile environments. The article shows how rabbinical literature invented a kind of proto-theory of survival and opens opportunities for Jewish agency. Even the State of Israel, generally seen as a rupture in Jewish history, fits into this traditional political logic of survival in exile.
In-Phase Variations of Spring and Summer Droughts over Northeast China and Their Relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Hu Yuepeng , Zhou Botao , Han Tingting , Li Huixin , Wang Huijun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Analyses of the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), using the season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) method, indicate that the second leading mode of drought over Northeast China features an in-phase variation from spring to summer. Such an in-phase change is closely connected to the persistence of geopotential height anomalies around Lake Baikal. The positive height anomalies around Lake Baikal, with an equivalent barotropic structure in the troposphere, can decrease water vapor transport into Northeast China and induce anomalous descending motion over Northeast China during both seasons, favoring precipitation deficit and high temperature in situ and hence resulting in the synchronous variations of spring and summer droughts. Further investigation reveals that the spring North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a notable role in the in-phase change of spring–summer droughts over Northeast China. The positive phase of spring NAO could induce spring drought over Northeast China directly through its influence on the above atmospheric circulations via a zonal wave train emanating from the North Atlantic. Meanwhile, it can also increase the soil moisture in central Siberia by enhancing the local snow depth. The wetter soil moisture in the following summer, in turn, increases the meridional temperature gradient between the middle and high latitudes and then forces westerly anomalies around 60°N, consequently yielding positive height anomalies around Lake Baikal that favor the occurrence of summer drought over Northeast China. Therefore, the spring NAO is hypothesized to contribute to the in-phase variations of spring–summer droughts over Northeast China through the combined roles of zonal wave train and central Siberian soil moisture.

Significance Statement
Northeast China suffers from frequent droughts severely in recent decades. Thus, it is urgent to understand the physical mechanisms of drought in Northeast China. Using the season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis, this study indicates that the second mode of S-EOF shows an in-phase change of drought from spring to summer over Northeast China, which is associated with the persistence of geopotential height anomalies around Lake Baikal. Our study further reveals that the spring NAO plays a pronounced role in the in-phase change of spring–summer droughts over Northeast China, through the combined roles of zonal wave train and the soil moisture in the central Siberian plateau. These findings are encouraging for better understanding of drought in Northeast China and are also important for disaster prevention and mitigation.
Partial Control of the Gulf of Mexico Dynamics by the Current Feedback to the Atmosphere
Authors: Larrañaga Marco , Renault Lionel , Jouanno Julien 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The surface oceanic current feedback (CFB) to the atmosphere has been shown to correct long-lasting biases in the representation of ocean dynamics by providing an unambiguous energy sink mechanism. However, its effects on the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) oceanic circulation are not known. Here, twin ocean–atmosphere eddy-rich coupled simulations, with and without CFB, are performed for the period 1993–2016 over the GoM to assess to which extent CFB modulates the GoM dynamics. CFB, through the eddy killing mechanism and the associated transfer of momentum from mesoscale currents to the atmosphere, damps the mesoscale activity by roughly 20% and alters eddy statistics. We furthermore show that the Loop Current (LC) extensions can be classified into three categories: a retracted LC, a canonical LC, and an elongated LC. CFB, by damping the mesoscale activity, enhance the occurrence of the elongated category (by about 7%). Finally, by increasing the LC extension, CFB plays a key role in determining LC eddy separations and statistics. Taking into account CFB improves the representation of the GoM dynamics, and it should be taken into account in ocean models.
Formalizing Trust in Historical Weather Data
Authors: Sieber Renée , Slonosky Victoria , Ashcroft Linden , Pudmenzky Christa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Historical instrumental weather observations are vital to understanding past, present, and future climate variability and change. However, the quantity of historical weather observations to be rescued globally far exceeds the resources available to do the rescuing. Which observations should be prioritized? Here we formalize guidelines help make decisions on rescuing historical data. Rather than wait until resource-intensive digitization is done to assess the data’s value, insights can be gleaned from the context in which the observations were made and the history of the observers. Further insights can be gained from the transcription platforms used and the transcribers involved in the data rescue process, without which even the best historical observations can be mishandled. We use the concept of trust to help integrate and formalize the guidelines across the life cycle of data rescue, from the original observation source to the transcribed data element. Five cases of citizen science-based historical data rescue, two from Canada and three from Australia, guide us in constructing a trust checklist. The checklist assembles information from the original observers and their observations to the current transcribers and transcription approaches they use. Nineteen elements are generated to help future data rescue projects answer the question of whether resources should be devoted to rescuing historical meteorological material under consideration.

Significance Statement
Historical weather observations, such as ships’ logs and weather diaries, help us to understand our past, present, and future climate. More observations are waiting to be rescued than there are resources. Only after they have been rescued—transcribed—can the records be indexed, searched, and analyzed. Given the vast task, citizen scientists are often recruited to transcribe past weather records. Various tools, including software platforms, help volunteers transcribe these handwritten records. We provide guidance on choosing observations to rescue. This guidance is novel because it emphasizes trust throughout the data rescue process: trust in who the observers were and how the observations were made, trust in who the current transcribers are, and trust in the software tools that are used for transcription.
COVID-19 vaccination-triggered cluster headache episodes with frequent attacks
Authors: Brandt Roemer B , Ouwehand Rosa-Lin H , Ferrari Michel D , Haan Joost , Fronczek Rolf 
Published: July 2022

Background The pathophysiology of cluster headache and how cluster episodes are triggered, are still poorly understood. Recurrent inflammation of the trigeminovascular system has been hypothesized. It was noted that some long-term attack-free cluster headache patients suddenly developed a new cluster episode shortly after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods Cases are described from patients with cluster headache who reported a new cluster episode within days after COVID-19 vaccination. All cases were seen in a tertiary university referral center and a general hospital in the Netherlands between March 2021 and December 2021, when the first COVID-19 vaccinations were carried out in The Netherlands. Clinical characteristics of the previous and new cluster episodes, and time between the onset of a new cluster episode and a previous COVID-19 vaccination were reported. Results We report seven patients with cluster headache, who had been attack-free for a long time, in whom a new cluster episode occurred within a few days after a COVID-19 vaccination. Interpretation COVID-19 vaccinations may trigger new cluster episodes in patients with cluster headache, possibly by activating a pro-inflammatory state of the trigeminocervical complex. COVID-19 vaccinations may also exacerbate other neuroinflammatory conditions.