bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Complex Magnetization Reversal Process in 3D Nickel Nanowire Networks
Authors: Ruiz‐Clavijo Alejandra , Caballero‐Calero Olga , Navas David , Ordoñez‐Cencerrado Amanda A. , Blanco‐Portals Javier , Peiró Francesca , Sanz Ruy , Martín‐González Marisol 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions among magnetic nanostructures is one of the key factors to predict and control the advanced functionalities of 3D integrated magnetic nanostructures. In this work, the focus is on different interconnected Ni nanowires forming an intricate, but controlled, and ordered magnetic system: Ni 3D Nanowire Networks (3DNNs). These self‐ordered systems present striking anisotropic magnetic responses, depending on the interconnections’ position between nanowires. To understand their collective magnetic behavior, the magnetization reversal processes are studied within different Ni 3D Nanowire Networks compared to the 1D nanowire 1DNW array counterparts. The systems are characterized at different angles using first magnetization curves, hysteresis loops, and First Order Reversal Curves techniques, which provided information about the key features that enable macroscopic tuning of the magnetic properties of the 3D nanostructures. In addition, micromagnetic simulations endorse the experiments, providing accurate modeling of their magnetic behavior. The results reveal a plethora of magnetic interactions, neither evident nor intuitive, which are the main role players controlling the collective response of the system. The results pave the way for the design and realization of 3D novel metamaterials and devices based on the nucleation and propagation of ferromagnetic domain walls both in 3D self‐ordered systems and future nano‐lithographed devices.
Clusters of obesogenic behaviors and metabolic risk according to somatic maturity status among adolescents
Authors: Magalhães Kleberton C. S. , Matias Thiago S. , Araujo Raphael H. , Werneck André O. , Ferrari Gerson , Luz Leonardo G. O. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Barbosa Décio S. , Ronque Enio R. V. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Silva Danilo R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the clusters of obesogenic behaviors, and verify the association with metabolic risk according to the categories of somatic maturity status of adolescents.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study conducted with 1159 (55.1% girls) Brazilian adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years (mean age: 12.9 years). Measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL‐C, and triglycerides were combined to calculate a metabolic risk score. Somatic maturity was assessed by estimating the peak of height velocity. The obesogenic behaviors analyzed were physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), sedentary behavior (screen‐based behaviors) and dietary habits (consumption of healthy and unhealthy food). The Two Step clustering algorithm using the log‐likelihood measure was employed to cluster formation and regression models were adopted to the main analysis.ResultsWe observed a complex co‐existence of obesogenic behaviors. Differences regarding the metabolic risk between clusters was only observed among the early‐maturing adolescents, where the cluster with higher number of healthy behaviors but lower physical activity presented higher metabolic risk score.ConclusionsWe conclude that physical activity has an important role on the association of clusters of obesogenic behaviors and metabolic risk in early‐maturing adolescents.
Psychiatric polygenic risk scores: Child and adolescent psychiatrists' knowledge, attitudes, and experiences
Authors: Pereira Stacey , Muñoz Katrina A. , Small Brent J. , Soda Takahiro , Torgerson Laura N. , Sanchez Clarissa E. , Austin Jehannine , Storch Eric A. , Lázaro‐Muñoz Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPsychiatric polygenic risk scores (PRS) have potential utility in psychiatric care and prevention, but there are concerns about their implementation. We surveyed 960 US‐based practicing child and adolescent psychiatrists' (CAP) about their experiences, perspectives, and potential uses of psychiatric PRS. While 23% of CAP reported that they had never heard of PRS, 10 % of respondents have had a patient/family bring PRS to them and 4% have generated PRS for patients. Though 25% stated they would request PRS if a patient/caregiver asked, 35% indicated that nothing would prompt them to request PRS. Most respondents (54%) believed psychiatric PRS are currently at least slightly useful and 87% believed they will be so in 5 years. More than 70% indicated they would take action in response to a child with a top fifth percentile psychiatric PRS but no diagnosis: 48% would increase monitoring of symptoms, 42% would evaluate for current symptoms, and 4% would prescribe medications. Yet, most respondents were concerned that high‐PRS results could lead to overtreatment and negatively impact patients' emotional well‐being. Findings indicate emerging use of psychiatric PRS within child and adolescent psychiatry in the US. It is critical to examine the ethical and clinical challenges that PRS may generate and begin efforts to promote their informed and responsible use.
Development of a humanized HLA‐A30 transgenic mouse model
Authors: Zhu Meng‐min , Niu Bo‐wen , Liu Ling‐ling , Yang Hua , Qin Bo‐yin , Peng Xiu‐hua , Chen Li‐xiang , Liu Yang , Wang Chao , Ren Xiao‐nan , Xu Chun‐hua , Zhou Xiao‐hui , Li Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are remarkable genetic differences between animal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) systems and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. HLA transgenic humanized mouse model systems offer a much better method to study the HLA‐A‐related principal mechanisms for vaccine development and HLA‐A‐restricted responses against infection in human.MethodsA recombinant gene encoding the chimeric HLA‐A30 monochain was constructed. This HHD molecule contains the following: α1‐α2 domains of HLA‐A30, α3 and cytoplasmic domains of H‐2Db, linked at its N‐terminus to the C‐terminus of human β2m by a 15‐amino‐acid peptide linker. The recombinant gene encoding the chimeric HLA‐A30 monochain cassette was introduced into bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) CH502‐67J3 containing the HLA‐A01 gene locus by Red‐mediated homologous recombination. Modified BAC CH502‐67J3 was microinjected into the pronuclei of wild‐type mouse oocytes. This humanized mouse model was further used to assess the immune responses against influenza A virus (H1N1) pdm09 clinically isolated from human patients. Immune cell population, cytokine production, and histopathology in the lung were analyzed.ResultsWe describe a novel human β2m‐HLA‐A30 (α1α2)‐H‐2Db (α3 transmembrane cytoplasmic) (HHD) monochain transgenic mouse strain, which contains the intact HLA‐A01 gene locus including 49 kb 5′‐UTR and 74 kb 3′‐UTR of HLA‐A01*01. Five transgenic lines integrated into the large genomic region of HLA‐A gene locus were obtained, and the robust expression of exogenous transgene was detected in various tissues from A30‐18# and A30‐19# lines encompassing the intact flanking sequences. Flow cytometry revealed that the introduction of a large genomic region in HLA‐A gene locus can influence the immune cell constitution in humanized mice. Pdm09 infection caused a similar immune response among HLA‐A30 Tg humanized mice and wild‐type mice, and induced the rapid increase of cytokines, including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, in both HLA‐A30 humanized Tg mice and wild‐type mice. The expression of HLA‐A30 transgene was dramatically promoted in tissues from A30‐9# line at 3 days post‐infection (dpi).ConclusionsWe established a promising preclinical research animal model of HLA‐A30 Tg humanized mouse, which could accelerate the identification of novel HLA‐A30‐restricted epitopes and vaccine development, and support the study of HLA‐A‐restricted responses against infection in humans.
Rare juvenile material constrains estimation of skeletal allometry in Gryposaurus notabilis (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae)
Authors: Mallon Jordan C. , Evans David C. , Zhang Yuguang , Xing Hai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn studying the skeletal allometry of any vertebrate, it is important to sample the ontogenetic extremes to ensure the accuracy of parameter estimation; this is particularly true for fossil taxa, where sampling of ontogenetic series is incomplete and sporadic. Previous studies have examined allometry in the skull of the duck‐billed dinosaur Gryposaurus notabilis, but these did not include individuals smaller than ~65% the maximum known size (based on linear dimensions). Here, we report on the two smallest known examples of this species (a mostly complete skeleton and a partial skull), which are ~37% the known maximal size of G. notabilis. Osteohistology indicates that these represent individuals ~2 years of age. Allometric analysis demonstrates that most aspects of the skull of G. notabilis grew isometrically, although the height of the nasal arch grew with positive allometry. Early in the ontogeny of G. notabilis, the dentary teeth possessed secondary ridges, which were lost later in life. This finding has important bearing on hadrosaurid tooth taxonomy. The limb proportions of G. notabilis largely grew isometrically (or with weak negative allometry, at most), like some other hadrosaurids, suggesting that the species did not undergo a gait shift with increasing age (unless it occurred very early in ontogeny). We argue that the lack of significant locomotory performance compensation exhibited by young hadrosaurids helps to explain why they apparently formed small, mutualistic aggregations, presumably for protection from large predators.
Magnetic microswarm for MRI contrast enhancer
Authors: Zhang Zhanxiang , Wang Haocheng , Yang Hua , Song Wenping , Dai Lizhou , Yu Shimin , Liu Xuejia , Li Tianlong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHighly effective contrast enhancer that processes targeting ability and maneuverability is in great demand in clinics for accurate diagnosis. Here a new strategy using deformable and manipulatable magnetic microswarm as MRI contrast enhancer is developed. Magnetic microswarm aggregated from nanoparticles is inherently deformable and they can be controlled with multiple programmable deform abilities. It is demonstrated that spatiotemporal programming magnetic field enables the magnetic microswarm not only to exhibit both ribbon‐like and round‐like behaviours but also to adaptively navigate multiple terrains. Intestinal model is conducted to explore the effect of magnetic microswarm as MRI enhancer, indicating the obvious enhancement of T2‐weighted MRI sequences. This magnetic microswarm holds great promise for highly sensitive and accurate intestinal MRI in the clinic.
Treatability of 18 taste and odor compounds using powdered activated carbon in drinking water utilities
Authors: Pochiraju Susheera (Sesha) , Hoppe‐Jones Christiane , Weinrich Lauren , Maalouf Samar , Adams Craig 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTaste and odor (T&O) compounds in source waters can enter drinking water utilities causing customer concerns about the water quality if not removed during treatment. While there has been extensive research on two common T&O compounds, 2‐methylisoborneol (2‐MIB) and geosmin, research on non‐MIB/geosmin compounds has been limited. This study evaluated the treatability of 16 non‐MIB/geosmin compounds, 2‐MIB, and geosmin using powdered activated carbon (PAC). Four types of PAC were tested: two bituminous‐based, one lignite‐based, and one wood‐based PAC. Among the 18 compounds, PAC was effective for 15 compounds with at least 90% removal with typical PAC dosing, but was not suitable for dimethyl disulfide, ethyl methyl dioxolane, and cis‐3‐hexenol. The bituminous‐based PACs showed greater removal with higher adsorption rates compared to the lignite‐ and wood‐based PACs. The adsorption behavior of T&O compounds varied based on their physical and chemical characteristics, for example, hydrophobicity, and nature of functional groups.
Preparing Water Utilities for the Future of Energy Management
Authors: Patel Sanjay , Sowby Robert B. , Elliott Todd , Ferro James , Walski Thomas M. 
Published: July 2022

Key TakeawaysIn an interview, members of AWWA's Energy Management Committee share how water utilities can prepare for the future.Adding to its considerable guidance on the topic, AWWA is preparing a new Manual of Practice, M83, Energy Management of Pumping and Treatment Processes.Embracing flexible electric loads and digital technologies, while continuing to address pumping inefficiencies, will help water utilities thrive in a resource‐constrained and energy‐strained future.
Applying Risk Governance in a Water Utility Laboratory
Authors: Burlingame Gary A. 
Published: July 2022

Key TakeawaysRisk governance has useful applications for water and wastewater utility operations.An inventory of all risks, not just those of recent or past interest, should be developed to get a thorough knowledge of risks—and actions to take to reduce them.Risk forms can be used to gather the background information needed for developing risk inventories, assigning priorities, and making regular updates.Risk governance tools applied to individual units within a utility can help communicate risks across an organization and rank utility‐wide risks by consequence and likelihood.
Goodness‐of‐fit tests in proportional hazards models with random effects
Authors: González‐Manteiga Wenceslao , Martínez‐Miranda María Dolores , Van Keilegom Ingrid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with testing the functional form of the covariate effects in a Cox proportional hazards model with random effects. We assume that the responses are clustered and incomplete due to right censoring. The estimation of the model under the null (parametric covariate effect) and the alternative (nonparametric effect) is performed using the full marginal likelihood. Under the alternative, the nonparametric covariate effects are estimated using orthogonal expansions. The test statistic is the likelihood ratio statistic, and its distribution is approximated using a bootstrap method. The performance of the proposed testing procedure is studied through simulations. The method is also applied on two real data sets one from biomedical research and one from veterinary medicine.
Counselling psychology practice in Latin America
Authors: Vilela e Souza Laura , Scorsolini‐Comin Fabio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article reflects about the practice of Counselling Psychology (CP) in Latin America and the challenge of offering this practice in contexts of poverty and inequalities. We defend a CP that can offer a practice outside the standards of conventional clinical care, considering the individuals and their institutional relationships; valuing community support networks, and the care resources existing in these communities; avoiding pathologising and categorising people; and being open to the multiple demands while the professionals' role is to facilitate the process in which users become autonomous individuals able to make decisions about their lives.
Binder‐free Zeolite Beta Beads with Hierarchical Porosity: Synthesis and Application as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Anisole Acylation
Authors: Asgar Pour Zahra , Koelewijn Romar , El Hariri El Nokab Mustapha , van der Wel Patrick C. A. , Sebakhy Khaled O. , Pescarmona Paolo P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThree zeolites (H‐Beta, H‐ZSM‐5 and H‐Y) were synthesized in the form of binder‐free macroscopic beads (d=215–840 μm) using a hydrothermal method employing anion‐exchange resin beads as hard template. The beads obtained after removal of the hard template by calcination consisted of crystalline zeolite domains connected with each other to form a hierarchical porous network in which the zeolitic micropores are accessible through meso‐ and macropores, as proven by characterization with XRD, N2 physisorption, SEM, and TEM. The composition, the nature and amount of acid sites and the degree of hydrophobicity of these beads were investigated by means of XRF, solid‐state NMR, pyridine‐FTIR and TGA. The zeolite beads were tested as heterogeneous catalysts in the Friedel‐Crafts acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride to produce para‐methoxyacetophenone. H‐Beta‐Beads displayed the best catalytic performance with 95 % conversion of acetic anhydride and 76 % yield of para‐methoxyacetophenone in a batch reactor test (90 °C, 6 h). Next, the catalytic performance of H‐Beta‐Beads was compared in both batch and continuous‐flow mode to extrudates prepared by mixing zeolite Beta powder with either kaolin or bentonite binders. H‐Beta‐Beads outperformed the extrudates in batch‐mode reactions and could be reused in multiple runs without discernible loss of activity. In the continuous‐flow test, H‐Beta‐Beads demonstrated higher average activity but deactivated more rapidly than the extrudates.
Improved Reversible Zinc Storage Achieved in a Constitutionally Crystalline‐Stable Mn(VO3)2 Nanobelts Cathode
Authors: Ke Jiaqi , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Yibo , Ye Minghui , Zhang Zicheng , Tang Yongchao , Liu Xiaoqing , Chao Li Cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are potential for grid‐scale applications owing to their safety, low price, and available sources. The development of ZIBs cathode with high specific capacity, wide operating voltage window and stable cyclability is urgently needed in next‐generation commercial batteries. Herein, we report a structurally crystalline‐stable Mn(VO3)2 nanobelts cathode for ZIBs prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. The as‐synthesized Mn(VO3)2 exhibited high specific capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and maintained a capacity retention of 92 % after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1. It also showed good rate performance and obtained a reversible capacity of up to 200 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 under −20 °C. The electrochemical tests suggest that Mn(VO3)2 nanobelts impart fast Zn2+ ions migration, and the introduction of manganese atoms help make the structures more indestructible, leading to a good rate performance and prolonged cycle lifespan.
Achieving Solution‐Processed Non‐Doped Single‐Emitting‐Layer White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes through Adjusting Pyrene‐Based Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon
Authors: Han Hongjing , Hu Sujuan , Zhang Shilong , Li Xiaojun , Sun Hailing , Chen Jiawen , Liu Baiquan , Liu Chuan , Chen Wangqiao , Zhang Qichun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle‐emitting‐layer white organic light‐emitting diodes (SEL‐WOLEDs) have developed rapidly in recent years due to the outstanding advantages of high efficiency, simple device structure, low cost, less phase separation, and stable emission color. Nevertheless, the relatively complicated host‐dopant system is usually essential for most previous SEL‐WOLEDs and the development of simple non‐doped SEL‐WOLEDs lags behind. Hence the straightforward synthesis of single‐white‐emitting molecules for non‐doped SEL‐WOLEDs still remains a great challengeable task. In this article, we designed and synthesized two new pyrene‐based polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and used them as emitting layer materials in the OLED devices. When the molecules change from the mono‐fused one to bis‐fused one, the emitting light changes from greenish to white color. Further study indicated that the bis‐fused molecule PyD with more twisted and extended backbone packed in neat Cmca space group in single‐crystal system compared with P21/n for PyS, which may be favorable to form excimers in the solid state and broaden the emission spectrum in the OLEDs. As a result, a solution‐processed non‐doped single‐white‐emitting‐molecule SEL‐WOLED with high performance (e. g., a high color rendering index of 66) is reported. The findings will be beneficial not only to further development of simple WOLEDs, but also to other related organic optoelectronic technology.
Homolytic N−S Bond Cleavage in Vinyl Triflimides Enabled by Triplet–Triplet Energy Transfer
Authors: Strauch Christina , Schroeder Sebastian , Grelier Gwendal , Niggemann Meike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVinyl triflimides are a new compound class with unknown reactivity. A computational analysis identified homolytic cleavage of the N−Tf bond induced by triplet–triplet energy transfer (EnT) as a highly interesting reaction type that might be accessible. A combination of experimental and mechanistic work verified this hypothesis and proved the generated radicals to be amenable to radical–radical coupling. Thereby, vinyl triflimides were transformed into a range of α‐quaternary, β‐trifluoromethylated amines in a 1,2‐difunctionalization reaction with no need for external CF3 reagents.
Tuning Acceptor Length in Photocatalytic Donor‐Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for Efficient Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Energy Conversion
Authors: Li Qian , Li Jia , Wang Wen‐Rui , Liu Li‐Na , Xu Zi‐Wen , Xie Guanghui , Li Jingjing , Yao Jianhua , Li Wei‐Shi 
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive SummaryThe development of conjugated polymer photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion is highly desirable for the sustainability of our society. Although the construction of donor‐acceptor (D‐A) structure in conjugated polymer photocatalysts for solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion has been well documented, less attention has been paid on how large D and how large A units combined together could achieve the best performance. Herein, a series of D‐A copolymers P(BDT‐DBTSOx) (x = 7, 19, 39, and 79) composed of a benzodithiophene (BDT) donor unit and an oligomeric dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone (DBTSO) acceptor segment were synthesized and studied. It was found that the polymer photocatalytic stabilities under full‐arc irradiation improved upon shortening the length of the acceptor segment. Under visible light irradiation and in the presence of 3 wt% Pt cocatalyst, P(BDT‐DBTSO79) displayed the best performance with an optimal hydrogen evolution rate of 119.3 ± 5.8 mmol·g–1·h–1. This is 1.4‐fold as that of DBTSO homopolymer and 22.5‐fold as that of BDT/DBTSO alternative copolymer, highlighting the importance of acceptor length in D‐A structure for achieving high photocatalytic performance.
Life history analysis with multistate models: A review and some current issues
Authors: Cook Richard J. , Lawless Jerald F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLife history analysis has evolved in the last 50 years as a methodology for analyzing processes associated with human health, education, employment, and other areas. The complexity of many processes, the difficulty of obtaining complete and accurate data, and the increased use of observational data from registries and administrative sources have posed many recent challenges. We review the evolution of life history analysis, discuss some recent work, and consider three areas currently receiving much attention. A theme we stress is the use of expanded models that include selection and observation processes for studies in addition to the life history process of interest. Examples from health research are presented.