bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix quality determines the strength of habitat loss filtering on bird communities at the landscape scale
Authors: de Souza Leite Melina , Boesing Andrea Larissa , Metzger Jean Paul , Prado Paulo Inácio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Habitat loss represents a major threat to biodiversity, however, the modulation of its effects by the nonhabitat matrix surrounding habitat patches is still undervalued. The landscape matrix might change community assembly in different ways. For example, low‐quality matrices can accentuate environmental filtering by reducing resource availability and/or deteriorating abiotic conditions but they may also excessively limit dispersal of organisms and make communities more prone to ecological drift.

To understand how matrix quality modulates the effects of habitat loss, we quantified the relative importance of environmental filter and ecological drift in bird communities across more local (400 m buffer around sampling sites) and broader (2 km focal landscapes) gradients of habitat loss embedded in low‐ and high‐quality matrices. We used a trait‐based approach to understand habitat loss filtering effects on occurrences of forest specialist and habitat generalist birds.

We found that low‐quality matrices, composed mainly of low‐productive pasturelands, increased the severity of habitat loss filtering effects for forest specialist birds, but only at the landscape scale. Bird occurrences were in general higher in high‐quality matrices, that is, more heterogeneous and with low‐contrasting edges, indicating the role of the matrix quality in attenuating species extinction risks at the landscape scale, probably due to mass effect. Moreover, forest specialists presented a strong negative response to habitat loss filtering across different functional traits, while generalists presented a high variability in traits response to habitat loss.

Synthesis and applications: We raised evidence in supporting that landscape habitat loss filtering may be relaxed or reinforced depending on the quality of the matrix, evidencing that matrix quality has a strong impact in modulating community assembly processes in fragmented landscapes. In practical terms, it means that improving matrix quality may help in maintaining the high diversity of birds even without any increase in native forest cover.
Can microbes be harnessed to reduce atmospheric loads of greenhouse gases?
Authors: Ahn Yeah‐Ji , Lee Jong An , Choi Kyeong Rok , Bang Junho , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReducing atmospheric loads of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially CO2 and CH4, has been considered the key to alleviating global crises we are facing, such as climate change, sea level elevation and ocean acidification. To this end, development of strategies and technologies for carbon capture, sequestration and utilization (CCSU) is urgently needed. Although physicochemical methods have been the most actively studied in the early stages of developing CCSU technologies, there have recently been growing interests in developing microbe‐based CCSU processes. In this article, we discuss advantages of microbe‐based CCSU technologies over physicochemical approaches and even plant‐based approaches. Next, various parts of the global carbon cycle where microorganisms can contribute, such as sequestering atmospheric GHGs, facilitating the carbon cycle, and slowing down the depletion of carbon reservoirs are described, emphasizing the impacts of microbes on the carbon cycle. Strategies to upgrade microbes and increase their performance in assimilating GHGs or converting GHGs to value‐added chemicals are also provided. Moreover, several examples of exploiting microbes to address environmental crises are discussed. Finally, we discuss things to overcome in microbe‐based CCSU technologies and provide future perspectives.
Nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula strongly alters the abundance of its root microbiota and subtly affects its structure
Authors: Tkacz Andrzej , Ledermann Raphael , Martyn Anna , Schornack Sebastian , Oldroyd Giles E. D. , Poole Philip S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe plant common symbiosis signalling (SYM) pathway has shared function between interactions with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the two most important symbiotic interactions between plants and microorganisms that are crucial in plant and agricultural yields. Here, we determine the role of the plant SYM pathway in the structure and abundance of the microbiota in the model legume Medicago truncatula and whether this is controlled by the nitrogen or phosphorus status of the plant. We show that SYM mutants (dmi3) differ substantially from the wild type (WT) in the absolute abundance of the root microbiota, especially under nitrogen limitation. Changes in the structure of the microbiota were less pronounced and depended on both plant genotype and nutrient status. Thus, the SYM pathway has a major impact on microbial abundance in M. truncatula and also subtly alters the composition of the microbiota.
Ecophysiological and genomic analyses of a representative isolate of highly abundant Bacillus cereus strains in contaminated subsurface sediments
Authors: Goff Jennifer L. , Szink Elizabeth G. , Thorgersen Michael P. , Putt Andrew D. , Fan Yupeng , Lui Lauren M. , Nielsen Torben N. , Hunt Kristopher A. , Michael Jonathan P. , Wang Yajiao , Ning Daliang , Fu Ying , Van Nostrand Joy D. , Poole Farris L. , Chandonia John‐Marc , Hazen Terry C. , Stahl David A. , Zhou Jizhong , Arkin Adam P. , Adams Michael W. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBacillus cereus strain CPT56D‐587‐MTF (CPTF) was isolated from the highly contaminated Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) subsurface. This site is contaminated with high levels of nitric acid and multiple heavy metals. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes (V4 region) in sediment from this area revealed an amplicon sequence variant (ASV) with 100% identity to the CPTF 16S rRNA sequence. Notably, this CPTF‐matching ASV had the highest relative abundance in this community survey, with a median relative abundance of 3.77% and comprised 20%–40% of reads in some samples. Pangenomic analysis revealed that strain CPTF has expanded genomic content compared to other B. cereus species—largely due to plasmid acquisition and expansion of transposable elements. This suggests that these features are important for rapid adaptation to native environmental stressors. We connected genotype to phenotype in the context of the unique geochemistry of the site. These analyses revealed that certain genes (e.g. nitrate reductase, heavy metal efflux pumps) that allow this strain to successfully occupy the geochemically heterogenous microniches of its native site are characteristic of the B. cereus species while others such as acid tolerance are mobile genetic element associated and are generally unique to strain CPTF.
Biodegradation of microplastic in freshwaters: A long‐lasting process affected by the lake microbiome
Authors: Taipale Sami J. , Vesamäki Jussi , Kautonen Petra , Kukkonen Jussi V. K. , Biasi Christina , Nissinen Riitta , Tiirola Marja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlastics have been produced for over a century, but definitive evidence of complete plastic biodegradation in different habitats, particularly freshwater ecosystems, is still missing. Using 13C‐labelled polyethylene microplastics (PE‐MP) and stable isotope analysis of produced gas and microbial membrane lipids, we determined the biodegradation rate and fate of carbon in PE‐MP in different freshwater types. The biodegradation rate in the humic‐lake waters was much higher (0.45% ± 0.21% per year) than in the clear‐lake waters (0.07% ± 0.06% per year) or the artificial freshwater medium (0.02% ± 0.02% per year). Complete biodegradation of PE‐MP was calculated to last 100–200 years in humic‐lake waters, 300–4000 years in clear‐lake waters, and 2000–20,000 years in the artificial freshwater medium. The concentration of 18:1ω7, characteristic phospholipid fatty acid in Alpha‐ and Gammaproteobacteria, was a predictor of faster biodegradation of PE. Uncultured Acetobacteraceae and Comamonadaceae among Alpha‐ and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively, were major bacteria related to the biodegradation of PE‐MP. Overall, it appears that microorganisms in humic lakes with naturally occurring refractory polymers are more adept at decomposing PE than those in other waters.
Differences in the closeness of spatial relationship between Ricanidae in their prime and natural enemies in five kinds of tea gardens
Authors: Cheng Xian , Zhang Lin , Wu Xiaomeng , Xu Yue , Sun Jiazhao , Zhou Xiazhi , Zou Yunding , Bi Shoudong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo identify the natural enemy species which are close to Ricanidae in spatial relationship and to provide scientific basis for biological control and reasonable protection of natural enemies, geostatistics and the angular cosine coefficient method were used to analyze the population of Ricanidae in their prime and their natural enemies in the Anji white tea garden, the Longjing43 tea garden, the Nongkangzao tea garden, the Pingyangtezao tea garden and the Wuniuzao tea garden. The spatial relationship between six natural enemies and Ricanidae was also studied. The angular cosine coefficients were normalized to obtain the intimacy index. According to the sum of the intimacy index and the serial number of the intimacy index of each natural enemy in five tea gardens, the following conclusions could be drawn: the top three natural enemies closely related to Ricanidae in spatial relationship were Clubiona reichlini, Clubiona japonicola and Misumenops tricuspidatus; at least two species of the top three natural enemies in each tea garden were the same as the top three natural enemies in the comprehensive analysis of the five tea gardens; one of the factors that determined the spatial relationship between natural enemies and Ricanidae was the ratio of the number of Ricanidae and natural enemies. The results of this study identified the spider species of natural enemies which should be rationally used and protected in the five tea gardens.
Generation and stabilization of CO2 nanobubbles using surfactants for extraction of polyphenols from Camellia oleifera shells
Authors: Javed Miral , Belwal Tarun , Huang Hao , Xu Yanqun , Ettoumi Fatima‐ezzahra , Li Li , Fang Xuezhi , Luo Zisheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCamellia oleifera shells are abundant in polyphenolic compounds. Green extraction methods of polyphenolic compounds are essential to ensure product quality, efficiency, process cost, environment, and safety. This study investigated the effect of Tween 80 and Rhamnolipid surfactants on the production and utilization of stabilized carbon dioxide nanobubbles (CO2‐NBs). The results confirmed the presence of the CO2‐NBs in ultra‐pure water with a concentration of 8.45 ± 1.05 × 108 ml–1, among which the stable CO2‐NBs possessed a mean size of 40–90 nm and a negative zeta potential (−41.6 ± 1.3 mV). Further, the efficiency of CO2‐NBs combined with ultrasonication (CO2‐NBs‐Rh‐UAE) was evaluated to extract polyphenols from Camellia oleifera shells (waste). The CO2‐NBs treatment with ultrasonication showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (36.75 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g DW and 24.06 ± 0.22 mg RE/g DW, respectively). Overall, this study demonstrated an innovative approach for producing, stabilizing, and utilizing biosurfactant stabilized CO2‐NBs to extract polyphenolic compounds from the waste agricultural products. These findings highlighted the potential application of biosurfactant‐stabilized CO2‐NBs.
Reduced bone morphogenic protein signaling along the gut–neuron axis by heat shock factor promotes longevity
Authors: Arneaud Sonja L. B. , McClendon Jacob , Tatge Lexus , Watterson Abigail , Zuurbier Kielen R. , Madhu Bhoomi , Gumienny Tina L. , Douglas Peter M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAging is a complex and highly regulated process of interwoven signaling mechanisms. As an ancient transcriptional regulator of thermal adaptation and protein homeostasis, the Heat Shock Factor, HSF‐1, has evolved functions within the nervous system to control age progression; however, the molecular details and signaling dynamics by which HSF‐1 modulates age across tissues remain unclear. Herein, we report a nonautonomous mode of age regulation by HSF‐1 in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system that works through the bone morphogenic protein, BMP, signaling pathway to modulate membrane trafficking in peripheral tissues. In particular, HSF‐1 represses the expression of the neuron‐specific BMP ligand, DBL‐1, and initiates a complementary negative feedback loop within the intestine. By reducing receipt of DBL‐1 in the periphery, the SMAD transcriptional coactivator, SMA‐3, represses the expression of critical membrane trafficking regulators including Rab GTPases involved in early (RAB‐5), late (RAB‐7), and recycling (RAB‐11.1) endosomal dynamics and the BMP receptor binding protein, SMA‐10. This reduces cell surface residency and steady‐state levels of the type I BMP receptor, SMA‐6, in the intestine and further dampens signal transmission to the periphery. Thus, the ability of HSF‐1 to coordinate BMP signaling along the gut–brain axis is an important determinate in age progression.
Corticosteroids for patients with vestibular neuritis: An evidence synthesis for guidelines for reasonable and appropriate care in the emergency department
Authors: Oliveira J. e Silva Lucas , Khoujah Danya , Naples James G. , Edlow Jonathan A. , Gerberi Danielle J. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Bellolio Fernanda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA short course of corticosteroids is among the management strategies considered by specialists for the treatment of vestibular neuritis (VN). We conducted an umbrella review (systematic review of systematic reviews) to summarize the evidence of corticosteroids use for the treatment of VN.MethodsWe included systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated the effects of corticosteroids compared to placebo or usual care in adult patients with acute VN. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened in duplicate. The quality of reviews was assessed with the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR‐2) tool. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment was used to rate certainty of evidence. No meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsFrom 149 titles, five systematic reviews were selected for quality assessment, and two reviews were of higher methodological quality and were included. These two reviews included 12 individual studies and 660 patients with VN. In a meta‐analysis of two RCTs including a total of 50 patients, the use of corticosteroids (compared to placebo) was associated with higher complete caloric recovery (risk ratio 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32 to 6.00, low certainty). It is very uncertain whether this translates into clinical improvement as shown by the imprecise effect estimates for outcomes such as patient‐reported vertigo or patient‐reported dizziness disability. There was a wide CI for the outcome of dizziness handicap score (one study, 30 patients, 20.9 points in corticosteroids group vs. 15.8 points in placebo, mean difference +5.1, 95% CI −8.09 to +18.29, very low certainty). Higher rates of minor adverse effects for those receiving corticosteroids were reported, but the certainty in this evidence was very low.ConclusionsThere is limited evidence to support the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of VN in the emergency department.
Fire severity has lasting effects on the distribution of arboreal mammals in a resprouting forest
Authors: Campbell‐Jones Maggie M. , Bassett Michelle , Bennett Andrew F. , Chia Evelyn K. , Leonard Steve , Collins Luke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWildfire severity is assumed to be an important driver of habitat availability and species' distributions in forest ecosystems. Many studies have focused on the immediate or short‐term effects of fire severity in fire‐prone ecosystems, with much less focus on how long the effect of fire severity may persist. We examined the effect of fire severity on the distribution of arboreal mammals at 3 and 10 years post‐fire, in a temperate forest ecosystem dominated by eucalypts that have strong resistance and resilience to low and high severity fire, respectively. The study took place within areas affected by the 2009 Kilmore East‐Murrindindi wildfires in south‐eastern Australia. Sites were established across a gradient of fire severity (unburnt through to canopy consumption) and surveyed at 3 and 10 years following fire. Owing to low detection rates for many species, analyses were limited to greater glider (Petauroides volans) occurrence and arboreal species richness. At both 3 and 10 years post‐fire, the greater glider was restricted to unburnt forest or sites affected only by understorey fire, which acted as fire refugia. Greater gliders were absent from sites affected by high severity, canopy‐consuming fires at both points in time. Greater glider occurrence was associated with high levels of canopy cover (>50%), which were typically those areas that were unburnt or burnt at low severity. The richness of arboreal mammals increased over time and was greater in unburnt or minimally affected forest. Our findings emphasize: (i) that fire severity is an important driver of the distribution of arboreal mammals; and (ii) the importance of recognizing longer‐term effects of fire severity in assessing species distributions, even in highly resilient forest communities. Recent advances in mapping fire severity provide new opportunities to assess the effects of fire severity on the distributional patterns of fauna in eucalypt forests.
Preventing unrecognised oesophageal intubation: a consensus guideline from the Project for Universal Management of Airways and international airway societies*
Authors: Chrimes N. , Higgs A. , Hagberg C. A. , Baker P. A. , Cooper R. M. , Greif R. , Kovacs G. , Law J. A. , Marshall S. D. , Myatra S. N. , O'Sullivan E. P. , Rosenblatt W. H. , Ross C. H. , Sakles J. C. , Sorbello M. , Cook T. M. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAcross multiple disciplines undertaking airway management globally, preventable episodes of unrecognised oesophageal intubation result in profound hypoxaemia, brain injury and death. These events occur in the hands of both inexperienced and experienced practitioners. Current evidence shows that unrecognised oesophageal intubation occurs sufficiently frequently to be a major concern and to merit a co‐ordinated approach to address it. Harm from unrecognised oesophageal intubation is avoidable through reducing the rate of oesophageal intubation, combined with prompt detection and immediate action when it occurs. The detection of ‘sustained exhaled carbon dioxide’ using waveform capnography is the mainstay for excluding oesophageal placement of an intended tracheal tube. Tube removal should be the default response when sustained exhaled carbon dioxide cannot be detected. If default tube removal is considered dangerous, urgent exclusion of oesophageal intubation using valid alternative techniques is indicated, in parallel with evaluation of other causes of inability to detect carbon dioxide. The tube should be removed if timely restoration of sustained exhaled carbon dioxide cannot be achieved. In addition to technical interventions, strategies are required to address cognitive biases and the deterioration of individual and team performance in stressful situations, to which all practitioners are vulnerable. These guidelines provide recommendations for preventing unrecognised oesophageal intubation that are relevant to all airway practitioners independent of geography, clinical location, discipline or patient type.
Pupil diameter during cataract surgery after intracameral injection of the first ready‐to‐use combination of mydriatics and anaesthetic at the beginning of surgery in patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm
Authors: Kęcik Dariusz , Grabska‐Liberek Iwona , Jurowski Piotr , Mrukwa–Kominek Ewa , Omulecki Wojciech , Romanowska–Dixon Bożena , Szaflik Jacek P. , Romaniuk Wanda , Szaflik Jerzy , Kopacz Dorota , Mianowska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated, in a real‐life setting, the effect of Mydrane® (ready‐to‐use combination of tropicamide, phenylephrine hydrochloride and lidocaine, injected into the anterior chamber at the beginning of cataract surgery to induce mydriasis and intraocular anaesthesia) on the pupil diameter during cataract surgery in patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm after the use of topical mydriatics.MethodsWe collected and analysed the data of 59 consecutive patients whose pupils dilated to a diameter <6 mm after the administration of mydriatic eye drops during the preoperative visit and who received Mydrane® during cataract surgery.ResultsIn the group of 59 patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm after topical mydriatics, cataract surgery was performed in 36 patients (61.0%) using only Mydrane® to obtain mydriasis, with no additional drug or medical device. The mean pupil diameters in this group (36 of 59) during the preoperative assessment after topical mydriatics and just before capsulorhexis when Mydrane® was injected during surgery were 5.1 ± 0.74 and 6.15 ± 1.14 mm. Additional drugs were used in 23 patients (39%). In this group, the mean pupil diameters after topical mydriatics and just before capsulorhexis using Mydrane® were 4.58 ± 1.06 and 5.6 ± 1.26 mm, respectively.ConclusionIn a real‐life setting, the mean pupil diameter achieved during cataract surgery after the intracameral injection of Mydrane® in patients with a preoperative pupil diameter <6 mm was over 1 mm larger than the mean pupil diameter after topical mydriatics, despite the trauma caused by the operation.
Ocular disorders associated with PCSK9 inhibitors: A pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiaofang , Wu Jiangfan , Zhu Shenyin 
Published: August 2022

AimsTo identify and characterize ocular adverse events (oAEs) that are significantly associated with proprotein convertase subtilisin‐like/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsWe conducted a disproportionality analysis of PCSK9 inhibitors in the FAERS (01/2004–12/2021). The association between PCSK9 inhibitors and oAEs was evaluated using the information component (IC) and the reporting odds ratio (ROR), and the difference in oAEs between evolocumab and alirocumab was compared using the ROR. Different sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of results.ResultsA total of 103 531 reports involving at least 1 PCSK9 inhibitor were found in the FAERS. PCSK9 inhibitors were associated with higher reporting of increased lacrimation (IC 0.27 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.02–0.45]; ROR 1.21 [95% CI 1.04–1.40]), seasonal allergy (IC 0.39 [95% CI 0.04–0.64]; ROR 1.32 [95% CI 1.07–1.62]) and eye operation (IC 0.66 [95% CI 0.04–1.10]; ROR 1.60 [95% CI 1.11–2.30]) compared with the full database, and there was no difference between evolocumab and alirocumab. Sensitivity analyses showed that the disproportionate signals of increased lacrimation disappeared after excluding cases with other lipid‐lowering agents in the combined drugs. Except for eye operations, most of these adverse events occurred within 30 days of the first dose, and all 3 oAEs were mostly reported in women and individuals >65 years.ConclusionThis pharmacovigilance study identified a possible signal of ocular disorders associated with PCSK9 inhibitors and encourages paying attention to at‐risk populations in PCSK9 inhibitors medication.