bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The League of Arab States Countries at the Present Stage: Economic Development and New Challenges in the 21th Century
Authors: Khasbulatov Ruslan I. 
Published: May 2022

Due to the negative impact of the global factor and the growth of contradictions in the Arab League states (LAS), a comprehensive study of the socio-economic and foreign trade development of these states and the search for ways to eliminate existing contradictions in this area is currently being updated. On the other hand, the situation developing in this region is having an increasing – and very ambiguous-impact on the entire system of the world economy. These circumstances, according to the authors, arouse scientific interest in the LAS in the economic aspect-both at the country, regional and global levels.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the socio-economic development of the Arab countries united in the LAS in the world economy and trade, as well as possible ways to develop the Organization.
It is shown that the LAS countries group is heterogeneous in terms of the level and dynamics of socio-economic development and role in the international economy. Over the past decades this differentiation has increased, which negatively affects the interaction of the LAS countries, primarily in the field of trade.
The analysis was carried out on the basis of UNCTAD statistics for 1970–2019.
In the article used the method of visualization, induction, historical approach, etc. The authors conclude that the growth of the economic potential of the LAS and the strengthening of their position on the world market as a trend. This, along with the growth of the population, income levels and the improvement of foreign trade mechanisms, makes the LAS countries increasingly attractive foreign economic partners.
Analisis Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Ibu Terhadap Pengelolaan Demam Pada Anak Balita Di Perum Puri Bukit Depok
Authors: Safitri Melia Nur , Argarini Diah , Widiastuti Susanti 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT Fever is a condition in which the body responds to an increase in body temperature above the average normal temperature. The increase in body temperature occurs due to a vasoconstriction mechanism that is not aligned between internal and external temperatures. Body heat will appear if the impulse reaches the thermostat receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). Fever appears as a common symptom of the first mechanism of infection in the body. This can lead to a health crisis. The type of research used is quantitative method, this research is descriptive analytic by using a cross sectional approach. Sampling using a measuring instrument using a lift and a questionnaire measuring instrument and the data obtained will be analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi square test. The results of this study indicate that the value is 0.000 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between mother's knowledge and the management of fever in children under five in Puri Bukit Depok housing estate, and the value is 0.000 0.05, meaning that there is a Relationship between mother's attitude towards fever management in under-five children in Puri Bukit Depok housing estate. There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers towards the management of fever in children under five. Keywords: Fever Management, Knowledge, Attitude ABSTRAK Demam merupakan keadaan di mana tubuh memberikan respons peningkatan suhu tubuh diatas rata - rata suhu normal. Peningkatan suhu tubuh terjadi akibat adanya mekanisme vasokonstriksi yang tidak selaras antara suhu internal dan eksternal. Panas tubuh akan muncul jika impuls sampai ke reseptor termostat yang ada di dalam sistem saraf pusat (SSP). Demam muncul sebagai gejala umum dari mekanisme pertama terhadap infeksi pada tubuh. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan adanya krisis kesehatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel ini Dengan alat ukur menggunakan angkat dan alat ukur kuesioner dan data yang diperoleh akan di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa r-value sebesar 0,000 ≤ 0,05, yang berarti adanya hubungan Hubungan pengetahuan ibu terhadap pengelolaan demam pada anak balita di perumahan puri bukit depok, dan nilai r value sebesar, 0,000 ≤ 0,05, berarti adanya Hubungan sikap ibu terhadap pengelolaan demam pada anak balita di perumahan puri bukit depok. Terdapat hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu terhadap pengelolaan demam pada anak balita. Kata kunci : Manajemen Demam, Pengetahuan, Sikap
Report of two species of spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Authors: Domichan Anusmitha , Jose K. Sunil 
Published: May 2022

Two erigonine species Oedothorax apicatus Blackwall, 1850 and Nasoona orissa Tanasevitch, 2018 were reported from Central Kerala, India; N. orissa endemic to India, is reported after its description in 2018 and O. apicatus reported for the first time from India. The study contributed addition of two species to spider diversity of Kerala.
El Niño and Commodity Prices: New Findings From Partial Wavelet Coherence Analysis
Authors: Cai Xiaojing , Sakemoto Ryuta 
Published: May 2022

This study investigates whether the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects primary commodity prices over time. We employ a wavelet approach that allows us to disentangle the time and frequency domains and to uncover time-varying nonlinear relationships at different frequency levels. Moreover, we adopt partial wavelet coherence (PWC) and eliminate macroeconomic effects on commodity prices. We observe that ENSO is associated with agricultural, food, and raw material commodity prices at lower frequencies of 32–64 and 64–128 months. These results are stronger from 2000 onward, which are not observed using a conventional wavelet method. Our results suggest a recent strong relationship between ENSO and commodity prices, which has important implications for policymakers regarding climate change risk.
Evaluation of Biomarkers and Immune Microenvironment of Osteoarthritis: Evidence From Omics Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Liu Heng , Li Deqiang , Ma Liang , Lu Tongxin , Sun Hao , Zhang Yuankai , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA) and explore potential pathological immune cell infiltration.Methods: We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OA and normal synovial tissues using the limma package in R, and performed enrichment analyses to understand the functions and enriched pathways of DEGs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and distinct machine-learning algorithms were then used to identify hub modules and candidate biomarkers. We assessed the diagnostic value of the candidate biomarkers using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We then used the CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze immune cell infiltration patterns, and the Wilcoxon test to screen out hub immune cells that might affect OA occurrence. Finally, the expression levels of hub biomarkers were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results: We identified 102 up-regulated genes and 110 down-regulated genes. The functional enrichment analysis results showed that DEGs are enriched mainly in immune response pathways. Combining the results of the algorithms and ROC analysis, we identified GUCA1A and NELL1 as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OA, and validated their diagnosibility using an external dataset. Construction of a TF-mRNA-miRNA network enabled prediction of potential candidate compounds targeting hub biomarkers. Immune cell infiltration analyses revealed the expression of hub biomarkers to be correlated with CD8 T cells, memory B cells, M0/M2 macrophages, resting mast cells and resting dendritic cells. qRT-PCR results showed both GUCA1A and NELL1 were significantly increased in OA samples (p &lt; 0.01). All validations are consistent with the microarray hybridization, indicating that GUCA1A and NELL1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of OA.Conclusion: The findings suggest that GUCA1A and NELL1, closely related to OA occurrence and progression, represent new OA candidate markers, and that immune cell infiltration plays a significant role in the progression of OA.
Gene Biomarkers Related to Th17 Cells in Macular Edema of Diabetic Retinopathy: Cutting-Edge Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vivo Validation
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhou Qiong 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that T-helper 17 (Th17) cell-related cytokines are significantly increased in the vitreous of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), suggesting that Th17 cells play an important role in the inflammatory response of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but its cell infiltration and gene correlation in the retina of DR, especially in diabetic macular edema (DME), have not been studied.MethodsThe dataset GSE160306 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which contains 9 NPDR samples and 10 DME samples. ImmuCellAI algorithm was used to estimate the abundance of Th17 cells in 24 kinds of infiltrating immune cells. The differentially expressed Th17 related genes (DETh17RGs) between NPDR and DME were documented by difference analysis and correlation analysis. Through aggregate analyses such as gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to analyze the potential function of DETh17RGs. CytoHubba plug-in algorithm, Lasso regression analysis and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were implemented to comprehensively identify Hub DETh17RGs. The expression archetypes of Hub DETh17RGs were further verified in several other independent datasets related to DR. The Th17RG score was defined as the genetic characterization of six Hub DETh17RGs using the GSVA sample score method, which was used to distinguish early and advanced diabetic nephropathy (DN) as well as normal and diabetic nephropathy. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was implemented to verify the transcription levels of Hub DETh17RGs in the STZ-induced DR model mice (C57BL/6J).Results238 DETh17RGs were identified, of which 212 genes were positively correlated while only 26 genes were negatively correlated. Six genes (CD44, CDC42, TIMP1, BMP7, RHOC, FLT1) were identified as Hub DETh17RGs. Because DR and DN have a strong correlation in clinical practice, the verification of multiple independent datasets related to DR and DN proved that Hub DETh17RGs can not only distinguish PDR patients from normal people, but also distinguish DN patients from normal people. It can also identify the initial and advanced stages of the two diseases (NPDR vs DME, Early DN vs Advanced DN). Except for CDC42 and TIMP1, the qPCR transcription levels and trends of other Hub DETh17RGs in STZ-induced DR model mice were consistent with the human transcriptome level in this study.ConclusionThis study will improve our understanding of Th17 cell-related molecular mechanisms in the progression of DME. At the same time, it also provides an updated basis for the molecular mechanism of Th17 cell crosstalk in the eye and kidney in diabetes.
A Novel Predictive Model for Adrenocortical Carcinoma Based on Hypoxia- and Ferroptosis-Related Gene Expression
Authors: Zhang Tianyue , Song Xiaoxiao , Qiao Jie , Zhu Ruiliang , Ren Yuezhong , Shan Peng-Fei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe impact of hypoxia on ferroptosis is important in cancer proliferation, but no predictive model combining hypoxia and ferroptosis for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has been reported. The purpose of this study was to construct a predictive model based on hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related gene expression in ACC.MethodsWe assessed hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related gene expression using data from 79 patients with ACC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, a predictive model was constructed to stratify patient survival using least absolute contraction and selection operation regression. Gene expression profiles of patients with ACC in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to verify the predictive model.ResultsBased on hypoxia-related gene expression, 79 patients with ACC in the TCGA database were divided into three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) with different clinical outcomes. Patients with the C3 subtype had the shortest survival. Ferroptosis-related genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in the three subtypes. A predictive model combining hypoxia- and ferroptosis-related gene expression was constructed. A nomogram was constructed using age, sex, tumor stage, and the predictive gene model. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses revealed that the gene signature was mainly related to the cell cycle and organelle fission.ConclusionThis hypoxia-and ferroptosis-related gene signature displayed excellent predictive performance for ACC and could serve as an emerging source of novel therapeutic targets in ACC.
The Clinical Course of Early and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lin Szu-Ying , Lin Po-Chen , Lin Yi-Cheng , Lee Yi-Jung , Wang Chen-Yu , Peng Shih-Wei , Wang Pei-Ning 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be classified as either early MCI (EMCI) or late MCI (LMCI) according to the severity of memory impairment. The aim of this study was to compare the prognosis and clinical course between EMCI and LMCI.MethodsBetween January 2009 and December 2017, a total of 418 patients with MCI and 146 subjects with normal cognition were recruited from a memory clinic. All the patients received at least two series of neuropsychological evaluations each year and were categorized as either EMCI or LMCI according to Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) criteria.ResultsIn total, our study included 161 patients with EMCI, 258 with LMCI, and 146 subjects with normal cognition as controls (NCs). The mean follow-up duration was 3.55 ± 2.18 years (range: 1–9). In a first-year follow-up assessment, 54 cases (32.8%) of EMCI and 16 (5%) of LMCI showed a normal cognitive status. There was no significant difference between the first year EMCI reverter and NCs in terms of dementia-free survival and further cognitive decline. However, first-year LMCI reverters still had a higher risk of cognitive decline during the following evaluations. Until the last follow-up, annual dementia conversion rates were 1.74, 4.33, and 18.6% in the NC, EMCI, and LMCI groups, respectively. The EMCI and LMCI groups showed a higher rate of progression to dementia (log-rank test, p &lt; 0.001) than normal subjects. Compared with NCs, patients in the LMCI group showed a significantly faster annual decline in global cognition [annual rate of change for the mini-mental status examination (MMSE) score: −1.035, p &lt; 0.001]) and all cognitive domains, while those in the EMCI group showed a faster rate of decline in global cognitive function (annual rate of change for the MMSE score: −0.299, p = 0.001).ConclusionIt is important to arrange follow-up visits for patients with MCI, even in the EMCI stage. One-year short-term follow-up may provide clues about the progression of cognitive function and help to identify relatively low-risk EMCI subjects.
The Recipient Vessel Hemodynamic Features Affect the Occurrence of Cerebral Edema in Moyamoya Disease After Surgical Revascularization: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Yin , Tong Yun , Hu Jun-wen , He Xu-chao , Fu Xiong-jie , Zhou Guo-Yang , Cao Yang , Yu Xiao-bo , Zhou Hang , Xu Chao-ran , Wang Lin 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveIn moyamoya disease (MMD) with direct or combined revascularization, the initially hemodynamic recipient features are likely one of the main causes of acute hemodynamic disruption. Previous studies have explored the relationship between recipient diameter or flow velocity and postoperative complications, but there are still no optimal selection criteria with multiple potential recipient vessels. Cerebral edema is one of the most common radiological manifestations in the acute postoperative period. This study assessed the hemodynamic characteristics of cortex vessels related to postoperative cerebral edema.MethodsAll patients who had undergone direct or combined revascularization with preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) between 2019 and 2021 were eligible for inclusion in this study. The application of DSA was performed and regular radiological examinations were employed after surgery. DSA was analyzed with the hemodynamic features within chosen recipient vessels. Cerebral edema was identified as a low-density image on CT or high signaling in the MRI T2 phase. The recipient hemodynamic characteristics and demographic presentation, as well as clinical data, were retrospectively analyzed in this study.ResultsA total of 103 patients underwent direct or combined revascularization with preoperative DSA. The mean age of this enrolled cohort was 44.31 ± 10.386 years, in which bilaterally involved MMD accounted for the main part. The preliminary correlation analysis found preoperative disease period (p = 0.078), recipients observed in angiography (p = 0.002), and surgery on the left (p = 0.097) may be associated with cerebral edema. The following regression analysis confirmed low occurrence of cerebral edema was accompanied by recipients observed in angiography (p = 0.003). After subdividing by flow direction and hemodynamic sources, the incidence rate of anterograde direction, anterior sources, and posterior sources were significantly lower than undetected recipients.ConclusionsCerebral edema is a common radiological manifestation in MMDs after surgery. In this study, the observation in angiography reliably identifies a variety of physiological or pathological recipient detection, flow direction, and hemodynamic sources in patients with MMD after revascularization, which indicates the selection strategy of potential recipients and highlights the importance of recipient observability in DSA. Meanwhile, vascular conditions determined by recipient hemodynamics meditate the occurrence of postoperative cerebral edema.
Pre- and Post-surgical Poor Seizure Control as Hallmark of Malignant Progression in Patients With Glioma?
Authors: Pauletto Giada , Nilo Annacarmen , Lettieri Christian , Verriello Lorenzo , Tomasino Barbara , Gigli Gian Luigi , Skrap Miran , Ius Tamara 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundRegarding brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), there is an increasing number of evidence about a relationship between epileptogenesis and oncogenesis. A recent study suggests a role of post-surgery seizure outcome on the survival of patients with low-grade glioma (LGG), underlying the need for a targeted and aggressive epilepsy treatment.ObjectiveThis study aims at investigating the possible correlation between pre- and post-surgical seizure control and tumor progression in patients who underwent surgery for LGG.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients affected by LGGs and BTRE, in a single high-volume neurosurgical center. Seizure control was assessed before surgery and at 3 years of follow-up. Patients with histological progression in high-grade glioma (HGG) have been evaluated. Clinical features, pre-surgical electroencephalograms (EEGs), and electrocorticography (ECoG) have been analyzed.ResultsAmong 154 subjects, we collected 32 patients who presented a tumor progression in HGG during the follow-up period. The majority had poor seizure control both pre- and post-surgery, never being in Engel class Ia throughout the whole history of their disease. Almost all patients with poor seizure control had pathological ECoG recording. Clinical features of seizures did not correlate with seizure outcome. On the univariate analysis, the age, the post-operative Engel class, and the extent of resection (EOR) were the prognostic factors significantly associated with oncological outcome; nevertheless, on multivariate analysis, Engel class significance was not confirmed, and the only predicting factor were age and EOR.ConclusionsAlthough not confirmed on multivariate analysis, post-surgical seizure control could be a relevant factor to consider during follow-up of BRTE, in particular, when gross total resection is not achieved. Pathological findings on the ECoG may suggest a “hidden” propensity to malignant progression, strictly related to the persistent neuronal hyper-excitability. Further studies with longer follow-up period are needed to confirm our observations.
Influence of Previous General Anesthesia on Cognitive Impairment: An Observational Study Among 151 Patients
Authors: Linassi Federico , De Laurenzis Alessandro , Maran Eleonora , Gadaldi Alessandra , Spano' Leonardo , Gerosa Gino , Pittarello Demetrio , Zanatta Paolo , Carron Michele 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionPreoperative neurocognitive disorder (preO-NCD) is a common condition affecting 14–51. 7% of the elderly population. General anesthesia has already been associated with the one-year post-operative neurocognitive disorder (PostO-NCD), specifically, a deficit in executive function, measured by the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B), but its long-term effects on cognitive function have not been investigated. We aimed to detect preO-NCD prevalence in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery and further investigate the possible role of previous general anesthesia (pGA) in general preoperative cognitive status [measured via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)] and/or in executive functioning (measured via TMT-B).MethodsIn this observational, prospective study, 151 adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery underwent MoCA and TMT-B. Data on age, education, pGA, comorbidities, and laboratory results were collected.ResultsWe discovered a general cognitive function impairment of 79.5% and an executive function impairment of 22%. Aging is associated with an increased likelihood (OR 2.99, p = 0.047) and education with a decreased likelihood (OR 0.35, p = 0.0045) of general cognitive impairment, but only education was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood (OR 0.22, p = 0.021) of executive function impairment. While pGA did not significantly affect preO-NCD, a noteworthy interaction between aging and pGA was found, resulting in a synergistic effect, increasing the likelihood of executive function impairment (OR 9.740, p = 0.0174).ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of preO-NCD in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. General cognitive function impairment is highly associated with advancing age (not pGA). However, older patients with at least one pGA appeared to be at an increased risk of preO-NCD, especially executive function impairment, suggesting that TMT-B should be associated with MoCA in the preoperative cognitive evaluation in this population.