bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Control System of a 3D Printer
Authors: Xie Baocheng , Gao Huaqiang , Zhang Tingliang 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Three-dimensional printing technology is widely applied in the medical,
aviation, automotive, construction, and consumer goods industries because of its characteristics of
forming shapes without mold, not limited by part complexity, and fully digitalization control. The
control system, a core element of a three-dimensional printer, controls the orderly working procedure
of all elements of the printer and plays a vital role in the printing efficiency and printing quality
of the three-dimensional printing. Therefore, the development trend of the control system of the
three-dimensional printer has been paid increasing attention.

Objective:
To evaluate the latest technology in the 3D printer control system, we assess the existing
3D printer control system to improve printing accuracy and printing efficiency. In this review, the
open-loop control system and closed-loop control system of the 3D printer are discussed emphatically.
In conclusion, the future research direction of a 3D printer control system is discussed.

Methods:
This paper reviews the current various representative patents related to the control system
of a 3D printer.

Results:
Through investigating a large number of patents on the control system of 3D printers, the
closed-loop control system and the opened-loop control system of the 3D printer are analyzed, and
the development trend of the 3D printer control system is discussed.

Conclusion:
The optimization of the control system of the 3D printer is conducive to increasing
printing efficiency and printing quality in the 3D printing process. More relevant patents need to be
invented in the future.
Human Bones Solubility in Seawater
Authors: Krumgalz Boris S. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
In January 1968, an Israeli submarine "Dakar" sank in the Mediterranean
Sea. The Dakar’s wreckage was not found until May 1999, when it was located
between the islands of Cyprus and Crete at depth more than 3,000 m by the Nauticos Corporation,
the same company which found a British passenger liner "Titanic" that sank in the
North Atlantic Ocean after it collided with an iceberg. The possibility to recover any existing
remains of the crew members in the sunken submarine “Dakar” and to give them Jewish
burial had been widely discussed in Israel.

Background:
The human bones consist of mineral and organic matrixes. Therefore, the solubility
of the bones in seawater will depend on the behavior of these two matrixes. The
main mineral component of human bones is a calcium phosphate mineral which is similar in
composition and structure to minerals within the apatite group. Thus, the human bones are
rigid body tissue consisting of biological cells embedded in an abundant, hard intercellular
material.

Objective:
The main objective is to study the possibility of solubility of human bones after
prolonged time in deep waters.

Methods:
The solubility of minerals in natural waters can be calculated from thermodynamic
considerations provided that the equilibrium constants are known, and ionic activity coefficients
can be obtained. Using the approaches developed by Pitzer's scientific school for
ionic activity coefficients calculations it was demonstrated in this article that neither hydroxyapatite
nor fluorapatite can be dissolved in seawater.

Results:
It is well known, according to various publications, that no skeleton remains were
found in most cases of sunken ships wreckage in deep seawaters. The question is how this
contradiction can be explained if mineral constituents of human bones could not be dissolved
in seawater, but no skeletons have been found in sunken ships being prolonged time
in deep depths. We assume that the reason for this phenomenon is that skeleton bones in addition
to mineral matrix contain organic constituents which can be dissolved in seawater due to
various natural biological and chemical processes. After the dissolution of the organic constitutes
of the bones, the bones remains could not be preserved as a whole in sunk ships.

Conclusion:
It can be assumed that due to the dissolution of human bones' organic contents
in seawater, human bodies’ remains cannot be found in most cases in sunken ships after a
prolonged time in deep waters.
Content Analysis Of Vitamin C In Fresh And Processed Moringa Trees By Spectrophotometry And Iodometric Titration Methods
Authors: Sarah S. , Murthy R.S. , Sugiarto A. P. , Sariyati S. , Priyambodo E. 
Published: March 2022

The aims of this research were to examine the vitamin C content found in fresh and processed moringa trees and to know the method/ stage used to analyze the vitamin C content found in fresh and processed moringa trees. This research uses two methods namely spectrophotometric method and iodometry titration method. Initial stage prepare the sample of moringa, which were moringa leaf, moringa stem and moringa seed. The results showed that at the wavelength of 600 nm and after the iodometric titration, all the moringa samples (leaves, stems and seeds) contain vitamin C. Both of this two methods, spectrophotometry and iodometric titration, is able to analysis vitamin C in Morianga trees.
Hydration Structures and Dynamics of Ga3+ Ion Based on Molecular Mechanics Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Classical DM)
Authors: Anam Muhammad Syaekhul , Suwardi S. 
Published: March 2022

The structure and hydration dynamics of Ga3+ ion have been studied using classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The data collection procedure includes determining the best base set, constructing 2-body and 3-body potential equations, classical molecular dynamics simulations based on 2-body potentials, classical molecular dynamics simulations based on 2-body + 3 potential-body. The trajectory file data analysis was done to obtain structural properties parameters such as RDF, CND, ADF, and dynamic properties, namely the movement of H2O ligands between hydrations shells. The results of the research indicated that the hydration complex structure of Ga(H2O)83+ and Ga(H2O)63+ was observed in molecular dynamics simulations (MM-2 body) and (MM-2 body + 3-body), respectively. The movement of H2O ligands occurs between the first and second shell or vice versa in the MD simulation of MM-2 bodies but does not occur in MD simulations of (MM-2 bodies + MM-3 bodies). Therefore, the water ligands in the first hydrated shell are stable.
Profil Tingkat Volume Oksigen Maksimal (VO2Max) Pada Atlet Puslatda PON XX Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugroho Wisnu 
Published: March 2022

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat VO2 max atlet. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode survei dengan tes dan pengukuran. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur tes VO2 max menggunakan Bleep Test. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet Puslatda PON XX DIY yang berjumlah 117 atlet terbagi dalam 22 cabang olahraga yang terdiri dari atlet laki-laki dan perempuan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif yang dituangkan dalam bentuk presentase. Simpulan yang dapat dihasilkan adalah VO2 max atlet laki-laki dan perempuan sebagai berikut: pada kategori baik sekali sebanyak 5 atlet (4,3%), baik sebanyak 11 atlet (9,4%), cukup sebanyak 45 atlet (38,4%), kurang sebanyak 24 atlet (20,5%) dan kurang sekali 32 atlet (27,4%). MAXIMUM OXYGEN VOLUME LEVEL PROFILE ON PUSLATDA PON XX SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA ATHLETE AbstractsThe purpose of this study was to determine the athlete's VO2 max level. This research is descriptive. Retrieval of data using survey methods with tests and measurements. The instrument used to measure the VO2 max test uses the Bleep Test. Subjects in this study were 117 PON XX DIY Puslatda athletes, consisting of 117 athletes divided into 22 sports consisting of male and female athletes. The data analysis technique used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis as outlined in the form of a percentage. The conclusions that can be generated are VO2 max male and female athletes as follows: in the excellent category as many as 5 athletes (4.3%), both as many as 11 athletes (9.4%), quite as many as 45 athletes (38.4% ), less than 24 athletes (20.5%) and very few 32 athletes (27.4%).
TUNTUTAN FISIOLOGI OLAHRAGA SEPAK TAKRAW ATLET SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS OLAHRAGA
Authors: Wiriawan Oce , Nurdiansyah Nurdiansyah 
Published: March 2022

AbstrakSepak takraw merupakan olahraga yang menggunakan net dengan tiga pemain yang memiliki posisi masing-masing diantaranya server, feeder, dan striker. Ketiga posisi tersebut memiliki perbedaan kebutuhan fisik yang berbeda pula, akan tetapi secara garis besar harus memiliki kemampuan fisik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 siswa SMANOR terdiri masing-masing 15 atlet laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan secara keseluruhan bahwa kemempuan fisik atlet laki-laki lebih tinggi daripada perempuan. Hal ini terlihat dari performa fisik laki-laki dengan perempuan diantaranya kelentukan 23 cm (laki-laki) dan 22 cm (perempuan), keseimbangan 67 detik (laki-laki) dan 53 detik (perempuan), tinggi loncatan 60 cm (laki-laki) dan 42 cm (perempuan), kekuatan otot punggung 108 Kg (laki-laki) dan 68 kg (perempuan), kekuatan otot tungkai 123 Kg (laki-laki) dan 82 kg (perempuan), kekuatan otot perut 26 kali (laki-laki) dan 24 kali (permpuan), power tungkai 89 watt (laki-laki) dan 64 watt (perempuan), Vo2Max 48.55 ml/kg/min(laki-laki) dan 38.06 ml/kg/min (perempuan), HRmax 188 detak/min (laki-laki) dan 185 detak/min (perempuan), serta Recovery menit ke-5 103 detak/min (laki-laki) dan 104 detak/min (perempuan). Hasil diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan performa fisik laki-laki lebih tinggi daripada perempuan, namun terkait persentase recovery menit ke lima menunjukkan bahwa penurunan lebih besar daripada laki-laki dengan selisih 2%. CLIMATE OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SPORT TAKRAW MIDDLE SCHOOL OF SPORTS ATHLETES AbstractSepak takraw is a sport that uses a net with three players who have their respective positions including server, feeder, and striker. The three positions have different physical needs, but in general, they must have high physical abilities. This research is a descriptive study with a sample of 30 SMANOR students consisting of 15 male and female athletes. The results showed that there were overall differences that the physical abilities of male athletes were higher than those of women. This can be seen from the physical performance of men and women including the flexibility of 23 cm (male) and 22 cm (female), balance of 67 seconds (male) and 53 seconds (female), jump height of 60 cm (male) ) and 42 cm (female), back muscle strength of 108 Kg (male) and 68 kg (female), leg muscle strength of 123 Kg (male) and 82 kg (female), abdominal muscle strength 26 times (male) male) and 24 times (female), leg power 89 watts (male) and 64 watts (female), Vo2Max 48.55 ml / kg / min (male) and 38.06 ml / kg / min (female), HRmax 188 beats / min (men) and 185 beats / min (women), and the 5th minute Recovery 103 beats / min (men) and 104 beats / min (women). The above results, it can be concluded that the overall physical performance of men is higher than women but related to the percentage of the recovery the fifth minute shows that the decline is greater than men with a difference of 2%.
PERAN KELOMPOK FEMINIS BELANDA DALAM PENDIDIKAN DOKTER MARIE THOMAS TAHUN 1912-1922
Authors: Hartono Fernanda Prasky 
Published: March 2022

AbstrakDokter perempuan pertama di Indonesia yaitu Marie Thomas banyak diberitakan oleh media online setelah ilustrasi beliau muncul di tampilan muka aplikasi pencarian Google. Sosok Marie Thomas sebagai perempuan pertama yang berhasil menempuh pendidikan tinggi di Hindia-Belanda memang tidak banyak yang mengkaji. Hanya sedikit dibahas dalam beberapa studi sejarah kesehatan. Setelah berdiri selama lebih dari 60 tahun, akhirnya Sekolah Pendidikan Dokter Hindia-Belanda (School Tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen/STOVIA) mengizinkan murid perempuan untuk mengenyam pendidikan medis. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis latar belakang Marie Thomas dapat diterima di STOVIA dan kontribusi dari kelompok feminis Belanda dalam keberhasilan pendidikan dokternya. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan lima tahapan, yaitu pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber primer yang digunakan dalam artikel ini berasal dari buku dan surat kabar terbitan sezaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang keluarga turut berperan dalam kemudahan yang didapatkan Marie Thomas untuk mendapatkan pendidikan yang layak. Selain itu, Marie Thomas yang dibantu oleh kelompok feminis Belanda mampu menjadi pelopor di tengah tingginya diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dan pendidikan yang buruk. Tokoh pejuang hak perempuan seperti Aletta H. Jacobs mampu meyakinkan Gubernur-Jenderal akan pentingnya tenaga kesehatan perempuan untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan di masyarakat. Peran mereka berlanjut dengan memberikan bantuan dana selama pendidikan kedokteran Marie Thomas.Kata Kunci: Feminis, Dokter Perempuan, Marie Thomas.
CELANA DAN JEANS: TREN MODE ANDROGINI ANAK MUDA SURABAYA TAHUN 1970-1998
Authors: Putri Irene Ferliana , Moordiati Moordiati 
Published: March 2022

Abstrak Mode dalam konteks modern bukan lagi hanya sebagai pelindung tubuh, melainkan sebagai bentuk ekspresi dari individu untuk menyatakan identitasnya. Dengan kata lain, mode adalah ikonografi dari bentuk komunikasi non verbal yang digunakan individu untuk menyarakan pesan artifaktual melalui items yang digunakan. Abad ke-20 Masehi merupakan babak baru dalam dunia mode, karena terjadi revolusi yang membuat perubahan paradigma berpakaian menjadi lebih bebas. Implikasinya adalah populernya mode androgini, sebuah mode yang meleburkan feminitas dan maskulinitas. Mode androgini berkembang di Indonesia sejalan dengan terbukanya arus westernisasi pada masa Orde Baru sebagai subkultur yang kemudian terpenetrasi dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Sama halnya mode lainnya, mode androgini memiliki items esensial yang menjadi ikon, yakni celana dan jeans. Kepopuleran items ini membuat keduanya menjadi tren pada masa Orde Baru. Penelitian ini merupakan tulisan sejarah dengan menggabungkan interpretasi sumber primer dengan studi literatur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasikan secara rinci bagaimana celana dan jeans menjadi tren mode anak muda di Surabaya pada masa Orde Baru.Kata Kunci: Mode, Androgini, Westernisasi, Subkultur
Assessment of the Quality, Understandability, and Reliability of YouTube Videos as a Source of Information on Basal Cell Carcinoma: Web-Based Analysis
Authors: Steeb Theresa , Reinhardt Lydia , Harlaß Matthias , Heppt Markus Vincent , Meier Friedegund , Berking Carola 
Published: March 2022

Background
Patients with skin cancer increasingly watch online videos to acquire disease-related information. Until now, no scientific evaluation of the quality of videos available for German-speaking patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been performed.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to identify and evaluate videos about BCC provided on YouTube.

Methods
A video search on YouTube was conducted in July 2020, using German BCC-related keywords (eg, “Basalzellkarzinom,” “Basaliom,” “weißer hautkrebs,” and “heller hautkrebs”). The first three pages (ie, 60 videos) were searched by two independent researchers for each keyword. Two authors evaluated videos that met the predefined eligibility criteria. The quality of the information of the videos was evaluated using the DISCERN tool and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). The understandability and actionability were assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V). The reliability was assessed with the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) criteria score. Subgroup differences were identified using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results
A total of 41 videos were included in the evaluation. The mean assessment scores were as follows: DISCERN, 3.3 (SD 0.80); GQS, 3.8 (SD 1.1); JAMA, 27.74% (SD 22.1%); understandability, 70.8% (SD 13.3%); and actionability, 45.9% (SD 43.7%). These values indicated that the videos were of medium to good quality and had good understandability, low actionability, and poor reliability. The quality of videos provided by health professionals was significantly higher than that of videos provided by laypersons.

Conclusions
Optimization of health-related videos about BCC is desirable. In particular, adaptation to reliability criteria is necessary to support patient education and increase transparency.
Lifelog Retrieval From Daily Digital Data: Narrative Review
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo , Trifan Alina , Neves António J R 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOver the past decade, the wide availability and small size of different types of sensors, together with the decrease in pricing, have allowed the acquisition of a substantial amount of data about a person’s life in real time. These sensors can be incorporated into personal electronic devices available at a reasonable cost, such as smartphones and small wearable devices. They allow the acquisition of images, audio, location, physical activity, and physiological signals among other data. With these data, usually denoted as lifelog data, we can then analyze and understand personal experiences and behaviors. This process is called lifelogging.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to present a narrative review of the existing literature about lifelogging over the past decade. To achieve this goal, we analyzed lifelogging applications used to retrieve relevant information from daily digital data, some of them with the purpose of monitoring and assisting people with memory issues and others designed for memory augmentation. We aimed for this review to be used by researchers to obtain a broad idea of the type of data used, methodologies, and applications available in this research field.MethodsWe followed a narrative review methodology to conduct a comprehensive search for relevant publications in Google Scholar and Scopus databases using lifelog topic–related keywords. A total of 411 publications were retrieved and screened. Of these 411 publications, 114 (27.7%) publications were fully reviewed. In addition, 30 publications were manually included based on our bibliographical knowledge of this research field.ResultsFrom the 144 reviewed publications, a total of 113 (78.5%) were selected and included in this narrative review based on content analysis. The findings of this narrative review suggest that lifelogs are prone to become powerful tools to retrieve memories or increase knowledge about an individual’s experiences or behaviors. Several computational tools are already available for a considerable range of applications. These tools use multimodal data of different natures, with visual lifelogs being one of the most used and rich sources of information. Different approaches and algorithms to process these data are currently in use, as this review will unravel. Moreover, we identified several open questions and possible lines of investigation in lifelogging.ConclusionsThe use of personal lifelogs can be beneficial to improve the quality of our life, as they can serve as tools for memory augmentation or for providing support to people with memory issues. Through the acquisition and analysis of lifelog data, lifelogging systems can create digital memories that can be potentially used as surrogate memory. Through this narrative review, we understand that contextual information can be extracted from lifelogs, which provides an understanding of the daily life of a person based on events, experiences, and behaviors.
Inpatient Telehealth Experience of Patients With Limited English Proficiency: Cross-sectional Survey and Semistructured Interview Study
Authors: Payvandi Lily , Parsons Chase , Bourgeois Fabienne C , Hron Jonathan D 
Published: March 2022

Background
Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) are at a higher risk of poor health outcomes and are less likely to use telehealth than English-speaking patients. To date, there is no formal evaluation of inpatient (IP) telehealth user experience of patients and their families by language preference during visits with their clinicians.

Objective
This study aims to compare the experiences of English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families using IP telehealth, as well as to evaluate the experience of Spanish interpreters providing services through IP telehealth.

Methods
We prospectively administered a survey to English- and Spanish-speaking patients and their families who used IP telehealth from October 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We performed semistructured phone interviews of hospital-based Spanish interpreters who provided services through IP telehealth.

Results
A total of 661 surveys were administered, with completion rates of 18% (112/621) in English and 62% (25/40) in Spanish. On a 10-point scale, the overall satisfaction of Spanish speakers (median 10, IQR 10-10) was higher than that of English speakers (median 9, IQR 8-10; P=.001). Both English- and Spanish-speaking patients used IP telehealth for visits with their primary IP care team, subspecialty consultants, and other clinicians. Hospital tablets were used more often than personal devices, and only English-speaking patients used personal laptops. Patients and their families encountered challenges with log-in, team coordination with multiple users, and equipment availability. Interpreters encountered challenges with audio and video quality, communication, safety, and Wi-Fi access.

Conclusions
Both English- and Spanish-speaking patients reported high satisfaction using IP telehealth across multiple disciplines despite the workflow challenges identified by interpreters. Significant investment is needed to provide robust infrastructure to support use by all patients, especially the integration of multiple users to provide interpreter services for patients with LEP.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation for New Azo-linked Derivative of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Shafeeq Ahlam Adnan , Hamandi Zaid Mohammed Ali , Mohammed Mohammed Hassan , Al-Shamma Ghassan 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Using different activated heterocyclic amines to prepare diazonium salts to be coupled with ornidazole (heterocyclic agent) to form the azo linkage compounds (A1, A2) as possible antimicrobial agent.
Methods: The synthetic process involves the preparation of diazonium salts by diazotization reaction of sulfamethoxazole and 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol that contain primary amino groups with (HNO2) acid in the presence of HCl at about 0 oC. Then, azo compounds (A1, A2) were synthesized, by the reaction of nitroimidazole derivative (ornidazole) with the prepared diazonium salts at 0-5 oC, and the chemical structure of these compounds were characterized and confirmed by measuring its Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1-NMR) spectrum.
Results: Thin layer chromatography and melting point measurements were used to establish the productâ€™s purity. This compound was tested for antimicrobial activity using the broth microdilution spectrometric method on five different strains of bacteria and one strain of fungi, as well as the BACTEC MGIT 960 system for mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli.
Conclusion: Using levofloxacin and nystatin as reference drugs, the compounds (A1, A2) showed moderate to good action against tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, but no activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis.