bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline cerebral structural morphology predict freezing of gait in early drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wei Xinhua , Li Yuting , Huang Xiaofei , xiuhang ruan , Duan Dingna , Zhang Yihe , Yu Shaode , Chen Amei , Wang Zhaoxiu , Zou Yujian , Xia Mingrui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recent neuroimaging evidence of morphological alterations in early Parkinson’s disease (PD) is heterogeneous. Moreover, predictors of freezing of gait (FOG) in early PD are limited. We aimed to investigate alterations in cerebral morphology in early PD and develop a model that could predict the occurrence of FOG at the individual level using machine learning with clinical, laboratory and cerebral structural imaging information of early drug-naïve PD. Data from 73 healthy controls (HCs) and 158 early drug-naïve PD patients at baseline were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort. The CIVET pipeline was used to generate structural morphological features with T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). Five machine learning algorithms were calculated to assess the predictive performance of future FOG in early PD during a five-year follow-up period. We found that the bilateral olfactory cortex (OLF) showed a significantly higher surface area in PD patients than in HCs. Models trained with structural morphological features showed fair to good performance (accuracy range, 0.67–0.73). Performance improved when models were trained with structural morphological, clinical and laboratory features (accuracy range, 0.71–0.78). For machine learning algorithms, elastic net-support vector machine models (accuracy range, 0.69–0.78) performed the best. The main features used to predict FOG based on elastic net-support vector machine models were the left lingual gyrus, left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri and left angular gyrus. Overall, we found that the OLF exhibits predominantly cortical expansion in early PD. T1WI morphometric markers help predict future FOG in patients with early drug-naïve PD at an individual level.
Natural Products as Mcl-1 Inhibitors: A Comparative Study of Experimental and Computational Modelling Data
Authors: Negi Arvind , Murphy Paul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The human myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (hMcl-1) is an antiapoptotic multi-partner protein, belongs to the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins. Studies link its alleviated expression with resistance to hemopoietic chemotherapeutics, which makes it a key drug target in blood cancers. However, as hMcl-1 shares homology across its functional domains with other members of the Bcl-2 family (especially Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL), identifying selective inhibitors with preferential hMcl-1 affinity through structure-based or fragment-based inhibitor design is challenging. Furthermore, most of the developed small-to-medium-sized hMcl-1 inhibitors so far, which are promising and some are in clinical development, are plagued with similar off-target toxicities. To improve the medicinal chemistry aspects of hMcl-1 inhibitor design, especially exploring a suitable scaffold with pharmacophoric features, we focused on natural hMcl-1 inhibitors. To date, seven classes of natural compounds have been isolated, which display a low micromolar affinity for hMcl-1and, have limited biophysical studies. Based on the nature of the co-crystal ligand, species-origin of Mcl-1 protein, and repetition of similar co-crystal ligands, we identified nine co-crystal structures of hMcl-1 protein (Table 1), which were evaluated by multiple receptor conformations (MRC) and multiple ligand conformations (MLC) methods. The MRC approach (Table 2) indicates the difference between hMcl-1 in crystal structures are low (RMSD values between 0.52 to 1.13 Å), average RMSD (0.638–0.888 Å) with standard deviation of 0.102–0.185Å. The MLC approach (Table 3) using nine hMcl-1 crystal structures led to selection of PDB structure 3WIX (RMSD value = 0.879 Å; standard deviation 0.116 Å) to accommodate various Mcl-1 ligands from a range of co-crystal pdb files. Later, the adopted three docking methods were assessed for their ability to reproduce the conformation bound to the crystal as well as predict trends in Ki values based on calculated RMSD and docking energies (Table 4). Iterative docking and clustering of the docked pose within ≤ 1.0 Å was used to evaluate the reproducibility of the adopted docking methods (Table 5). Then, a screening of reported natural products as preferential Mcl-1 inhibitors using these methods and, attained scores were compared with their experimentally determined hMcl-1 affinity data (Table 6).
A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Rapid On-site Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus PCR Testing in Paediatric and Adult Populations
Authors: Bibby Helen L. , de Koning Lawrence , Seiden-Long Isolde , Zelyas Nathan , Church Deirdre L. , Berenger Byron M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Rapid/point-of-care respiratory virus nucleic acid tests (NAT) may improve oseltamivir utilization and decrease length of stay (LOS) in hospital. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCT) on this topic have not used standard procedures of an accredited healthcare and laboratory system. MethodsWe conducted a parallel RCT at two hospitals (paediatric = Alberta Children’s Hospital [ACH]; primarily adult = Peter Lougheed Centre [PLC]). Patients with a respiratory viral testing order were randomized to testing at either a central accredited laboratory (standard arm) or with a rapid polymerase chain reaction test at an on-site accredited laboratory followed by standard testing (rapid on-site test [ROST] arm) based on day of specimen receipt at the laboratory. Patients and clinicians were blinded to assignment. The primary outcome for ACH was inpatient LOS and for PLC was the proportion of inpatients prescribed oseltamivir. Results 706 patient encounters were included at ACH; 322 assigned to ROST (181 inpatients) and 384 to the standard arm (194 inpatients). 422 patient encounters were included at PLC; 200 assigned to ROST (157 inpatients) and 222 to the standard arm (175 inpatients).The LOS at ACH was not significantly different between the ROST and standard arms (median 4.05 days (SEM 1.79-18.2) vs 4.89 days (2.07-22.9), p=0.062, respectively). The rate of oseltamivir prescription and number of doses given was reduced in PLC inpatients negative for influenza in the ROST arm compared to standard arm (mean 14.8% (95% CI 9.80-21.8) vs. 27.5% (21.0-35.2), p=0.0093; mean 2.85 doses (SEM 2.39-3.32) vs. 4.17 doses (3.85-4.49) p=0.022, respectively). ROST also significantly reduced oseltamivir use at ACH, reduced chest radiographs (ACH) and laboratory test ordering (PLC), but not antibiotic prescriptions. No adverse events were reported. ConclusionsIn a RCT representing implementation of ROST in an accredited laboratory system, we found that a ROST improved oseltamivir utilization and is the first RCT to show reduced ancillary testing in both paediatric and adult populations. A larger study is required to assess reduction in paediatric LOS as ACH was underpowered. These findings help justify the implementation of rapid on-site respiratory virus testing for inpatients. Trial Registration: ISRCTN10110119, Retrospectively Registered, 01/12/2021.
Sugar and Salt Concentration Detection in Water Employing ENZ Metamaterial Microwave Sensor
Authors: El-Nady Shaza , Afifi Asmaa , Ahmed Anwer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A design of high sensitivity Vivaldi antenna is introduced for detecting the low sugar and salt concentrations in water. The reason for selecting the Vivaldi antenna configuration is to provide two desired features; ultra-wideband and a high directivity so the surrounding clutter effect can be minimized. The prospective antenna embraces the ultra-wideband (UWB) from 4 GHz to 11 GHz. Two techniques are exploited to improve the antenna detectability; epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial and antenna aperture amending. The ENZ metamaterial is very sensitive to the permittivity of the substrate, so any loading effect can easily alter the electric field distribution and hence affect the antenna phase properties. The high sensitivity can be increased by operating at a higher frequency. The aperture amending is used to improve substrate-air matching. An equivalent circuit model is scrutinized for further emphasis of the ENZ metamaterial operation, showing good agreement with EM simulation results. In terms of phase variation, the designed antenna is employed to sense sugar and salt in water. The amount of sugar and salt affects the material characteristics of the solution and, as a result, the reflected phases. Practical observations reveal that when the sugar and salt contents in the liquid increase, the phase falls. The simulation and measurement results of a fabricated prototype have good agreement. The time-domain analysis is discussed, revealing low distortion of received pulses.
Do you take off your mask correctly?a survey study during large-scale COVID-19 nucleic acid detection in China
Authors: Ma Jingjing , Zhang Yiqing , Wang Zhengzheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Guidelines and recommendations from public health authorities related to face masks have been essential for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the behavioral differences and correlates of mask usage, mainly mask removal.Methods: We examined public mask-wearing behavior during on-site COVID-19 nucleic acid detection. We examined 1180 responses to a cross-sectional survey by NingBo of China, completed from April 8 to April 12, 2022. The outcome was face mask usage in public settings and hand hygiene. Descriptive statistics were used to assess public mask-wearing behaviors. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors affecting mask-wearing behavior and hand hygiene.Results: We analyzed data from 1180 participants; 73.2% demonstrated good knowledge regarding face mask use. However, only 53.7% know the correct way to remove a mask; 70.3% maintain hand hygiene after touching the outside of the mask. Health prevention knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 6.60, 95% confidential interval [CI] = 4.79–9.08, p＜0.001; OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.79–3.13, p＜0.001) and free face mask distribution (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.94, p = 0.017; OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.37–0.64, p＜0.001) predicted health prevention behavior (removal during nucleic acid sampling and hand hygiene after touching the outside of the mask).Conclusions: Most participants used masks during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, mask removal and hand hygiene when touching the outside of the mask were neglected. More attention needs to be paid to details of mask removal and hand hygiene. Local health authorities should consider introducing free distribution of masks.
Mechanism underlying the impact of perception time on detection and recognition distance: New insights into bicycle safety
Authors: Rahman Abdur , Aya Kojima , Teppei Kato , Hisashi Kubota 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Perception time (PT) is a major factor affecting a driver’s ability to detect and recognize a bicycle. Researchers have attempted to enhance the PT and gain insights into why drivers fail to see bicyclists before collisions despite looking, even when they are at a safe driving distance from the bicycle. Previous studies have focused on the detection distance and recognition distance of bicycles within 600 milliseconds (ms). PT is the main factor for avoiding collisions; however, it has been shown that a control bicycle as well as treated bicycles can be detected from greater distances. This study aims to evaluate the early detection and recognition of bicycles owing to the impact of conspicuity treatments such as white stripes on a red background (WRED), a high-visibility jacket (HVJ), reflective tape (RT), and their combinations in order to achieve longer detection and recognition distances under day/night conditions. The detection and recognition distances of WRED tire treatment were compared with those of an HVJ, RT, and their combinations, based on PTs of 250 and 600 ms. The same treatments were applied and compared at the required PT for the safe driving distance of a bicycle. The respondents provided their perceptions based on video surveillance data presented on a computer screen. The detection and recognition distance of WRED treatment combined with an HVJ was significantly greater under all conditions except twilight with car headlights and nighttime with car headlights for a PT of 600 ms. Furthermore, for this combination, the PT was significantly shorter under all conditions except nighttime with car headlights. The effects of gentle self-signaling of a bicycle via the combination of WRED treatment and an HVJ can reduce the PT for detecting a bicycle and increase the detection and recognition distance under all lighting conditions. Passive safety measures based on these results can support drivers, who might otherwise look but fail to see bicyclists in time. In summary, the combination of WRED treatment with an HVJ is strongly recommended to achieve cost-effective self-signaling of a bicycle.
Hippeastrum hybridum assisted bioreduction of Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) trihydrate: Multifaced application
Authors: Sher Naila , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia , Khan Rahmat Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nanotechnology is concerned with the production of nanoparticles (NPs) with restricted sizes and shapes through facile, straightforward, and medicinally active phytochemical routes. This study aims to develop an easy and justifiable method for the synthesis of Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) induced gold NPs (HH-AuNPs) and then to investigate the effects of these NPs as a free radical scavenger, an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e Alpha-amylase (α-amylase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). UV-Vis spectrum at 576 nm with maximum absorbance at 1.96 confirmed the HH-AuNPs formation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) conforms to the peaks for the functional groups of HH extract and on the surface of HH-AuNPs that are involved in the synthesis and stability of the HH-AuNPs. The average size of 10.72 nm was calculated using four major peaks 38.02°, 44.29°, 64.37°, and 77.58° of X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the presence of spherical shaped, monodispersed, and huge density HH-AuNPs with an average size of 30 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the intense sharp peak at 3.1 keV showing that Au was the main element (48.08%). The HH-AuNPs showed an excellent inhibitory efficacy against free radicals, α-amylase, and AChE as compared to HH extract and HAuCl4.3H2O salt. Our results suggest that HH-AuNPs exhibited significant antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and antialzheime activities in a concentration-dependent manner as compared to HAuCl4.3H2O and plant extract. However, further investigations are recommended to be able to minimize potential risks of application.
Assessing the structure and interaction of sustainable Bio – Composite Films Prepared form deamidated Rice Bran Protein
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Hamed , Zein Ragaa , Osman Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Rice bran protein (RBP) was utilized to prepare bio-composite films after deamidation modification process with deferent percentages. The physical, mechanical properties, exposure to light properties, FT-IR analysis, surface shape by SEM, thermal stability by DSC and X-ray diffraction were applied to study the potential interaction, structure and stabilizing the thermal property of the prepared films. The deamidation process has proven successfully, depending on the cleared changes of shapes of FT-IR curves resulting from RBP compared with deamidated rice bran protein (DRBP). The deamidation process enhanced tensile strength, elongation at break, haze, transparency, gloss and opacity properties of produced films from DRBP. Additionally, the produced films from DRBP showed smooth and homogenous surface with increasement of thickness, solubility and decrement of water vapor permeability and crystallinity compared with films from RBP.
Stress-assisted corrosion behaviour of GH3535 alloy in FLiNaK molten salt environment
Authors: Xu Youwei , Gu Yufen , Zhang Wenzhu , Shi Yu , Volodymyr Korzhyk Korzhyk 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the microstructure evolution and corrosion characteristics of GH3535 alloy under working stress in a molten salt environment. Selective diffusion of Cr at the grain boundaries (GBs) of the GH3535 alloy degraded the properties of the GBs, making them preferred locations for corrosion crack invasion. Stress further promoted Cr diffusion and accelerated GB carbide precipitation, thereby forming a corrosion couple between the carbide and matrix that facilitated the expansion of intergranular corrosion cracks into the grains. This study could assist in developing structural materials, such as the GH3535 alloy, that are resistant to molten salt systems for expanded applications.
Glutamatergic neurons in the lateral periaqueductal gray mediate wakefulness and REM sleep through different pathways
Authors: Wang Yi-Qun , Li Lei , Jiang Jian-Bo , Arthaud Sebastien , Luppi Pierre-Hervé , Huang Zhi-Li 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The lateral periaqueductal gray (LPAG) is essential for coordinating active and passive defensive behaviors which rely on heightened arousal, but its impact on sleep–wake regulation remains unknown. Here, by using targeted recombination in active populations transgenic mouse tool along with neuroanatomical approaches, we first show that two different populations of glutamatergic neurons are activated during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the LPAG. Fiber photometry showed that most LPAG vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) neurons are preferentially active during wakefulness. Chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of LPAGVglut2 neurons strongly enhanced arousal associated with immobility. The wakefulness- and immobility-promoting effects of LPAGVglut2 neurons are mediated by their projections to the locus coeruleus and ventral gigantocellular reticular nucleus, as supported by optogenetic manipulations. In contrast, chemogenetic inhibition of LPAGVglut2 neurons reduced REM sleep and increased non-REM sleep. Most LPAG neurons activated during REM sleep hypersomnia and showed descending projections to the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus. These findings revealed that two different LPAGVglut2 populations of neurons and circuits induce wakefulness associated with immobility and REM sleep.
Real-world evidence of switching P2Y12 receptor–inhibiting therapies to prasugrel after PCI in patients with ACS: results from EFF-K registry
Authors: Kang Jeehoon , Han Jung-Kyu , Yang Han-Mo , Park Kyung Woo , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Choo Eun Ho , Lee Jong-Young , Park Sang-Don , Lim Young-Hyo , Kim Hyung-Min , Heo Ji-Hyun , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPotent P2Y12 inhibitors are recommended for up to 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the prescription pattern is diverse in real world practice, which includes various switching between antiplatelet regimens. In this study, we analyzed the prescription patterns of prasugrel, and assessed the safety and effectiveness of P2Y12 inhibitors switching patterns in a real world registry of patients subjected to PCI after ACS.Methods The EFF-K study included 3,077 ACS patients receiving prasugrel-based dual antiplatelet therapy. The cohort was divided into those who were administered with prasugrel as the primary antiplatelet treatment (naïve cohort) or as a substitute agent after clopidogrel or ticagrelor pre-treatment (switch cohort). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; a composite cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and TIMI major bleeding).ResultsA total of 3,077 patients diagnosed with ACS were included in the analysis. Among the total population, 726 patients (23.6%) were classed as the naïve cohort and 2,351 patients (76.4%) as the switch cohort. Baseline characteristics showed that the switch cohort had more comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure and previous PCI. The major cause of switching to prasugrel in the switch cohort was the necessity for a more potent antiplatelet agent (56.3%). During a 12-month follow-up period, 55 patients (1.8%) experienced at least one MACCE. The incidence of MACCE did not differ between the naïve and switch cohort (1.7% vs. 1.8%, Hazard ratio 1.14, 95% Confidence interval 0.56-2.30, P=0.723). In subgroup analysis, no significant interaction was observed between the treatment strategy and the incidence of MACCE across various subgroups.ConclusionsDual antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel seems to be safe and effective both as a primary treatment and as a substitute for other P2Y12 inhibitors in a real world registry of Asian ACS patients receiving PCI.Trial registrationKCT0002356, registered June 13, 2017.
Predicting a decrease in left atrial appendage flow velocity using left atrial diameter and CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Li Guangyu , Hu Feng , Zang Minhua , Pu Jun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Left atrial (LA) appendage flow velocity (LAAFV) is a classic but invasive predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to explore the usefulness of LA diameter (LAD) and CHA2DS2-VASc score, which are easily available and non-invasive, as alternatives for predicting a decrease in LAAFV in non-valvular AF (NVAF).
Methods
In total, 716 consecutive NVAF patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography were divided into the decreased LAAFV (< 0.4 m/s) and preserved LAAFV (≥ 0.4 m/s) groups.
Results
The decreased LAAFV group had a larger LAD and a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score than the preserved LAAFV group (P < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression indicated that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration, persistent AF, LAD, and CHA2DS2-VASc score were remained inversely associated with LAAFV. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression revealed that BNP concentration (odds ratio [OR]: 1.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–1.005, P = 0.003), persistent AF (OR: 0.159, 95% CI: 0.102–0.247, P < 0.001), and LAD (OR: 1.098, 95% CI: 1.049–1.149, P < 0.001) were independent factors for a decrease in LAAFV. The area under the curve (AUC) when predicting a decrease in LAAFV using LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score was 0.774 and 0.689, respectively. A model combining LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score significantly improved discrimination (AUC = 0.798).
Conclusions
LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score alone were of modest value, but the combined model of LAD and CHA2DS2-VASc score may better predict a decrease in LAAFV as a surrogate for cardioembolic risk in NVAF patients.