bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired ascending aortic elasticity in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Xu R. , Zhou D. , Liu M. , Zhou Q. , Xie L. , Zeng S. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesAortic wall stiffness has been reported in infants with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and may contribute to long‐term aortic dilation even after corrective repair surgery. However, little is known about aortic elasticity in fetuses with ToF and the association with neonatal aortic dilation. The objectives of this study were to assess measures of elasticity of the ascending aorta (AAo) in fetuses with ToF and explore the association with neonatal aortic annular dilation in this population.MethodsSeventy‐six singleton fetuses with ToF and 76 control fetuses of singleton low‐risk pregnancies were enroled into this prospective study. Fetal measures of AAo elasticity, including mean longitudinal strain (MLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and fractional area change (FAC), were assessed by velocity vector imaging. The z‐score of the aortic valve (AV) diameter at the level of the annulus, as a measure of aortic annular dilation, was determined in newborns. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between fetal measures of AAo elasticity and neonatal aortic annular dilation (defined as an AV annular z‐score > 2) in cases with ToF identified prenatally.ResultsMedian MLS, GCS and FAC in fetuses with ToF were lower than those in normal fetuses (7.52% vs 12.15% for MLS, 22.05% vs 29.73% for GCS and 34.2% vs 48.3% for FAC, all P < 0.001). Aortic annular dilation was present in 53/76 (69.7%) newborns with ToF. After adjustment for gestational age at fetal echocardiography and birth weight, fetal MLS, GCS and FAC were independently associated with aortic annular dilation neonatally, with odds ratios of 0.66, 0.78 and 0.82, respectively (P < 0.05). The best cut‐off values of these prenatal measures of AAo elasticity for predicting neonatal aortic annular dilation in fetuses with ToF were 9.02% for MLS, 23.56% for GCS and 37.2% for FAC (P < 0.001), with areas under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves of 0.94, 0.91 and 0.93, respectively.ConclusionMeasures of AAo elasticity are decreased in fetuses with ToF. Impaired AAo elasticity in the fetal period is associated with aortic annular dilation postnatally. Additional research is needed to evaluate the relationship between the AAo elasticity injury pattern and degeneration of AAo elasticity under stress as well as the long‐term outcome in this population. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Reducing food waste from a circular economy perspective: The case of restaurants in Brazil
Authors: de Rezende Alvares Carolina , Guarnieri Patrícia , Ouro‐Salim Omar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBrazil wastes 23.6 million foods per year, and 15% of this total is generated by restaurants. In this worrying scenario, this study aims to analyze the reduction of food waste in the segment of restaurants located in Asa Sul, Brasília‐DF (Federal District), under the perspective of the circular economy. To achieve this objective, applied, descriptive, and quanti‐qualitative research was carried out. The focus of the study is on Asa Sul's restaurants, in Brasília‐DF, associated with the organization “Instituto Ecozinha: Sustainable Restaurants.” For data collection, two questionnaires were prepared, one aimed at managers and the other aimed at consumers, applied online. The Instituto Ecozinha plays an environmental education role and is an intermediary for the management of waste from these restaurants. Seventeen questionnaires from managers and 385 from consumers were obtained. Data analysis was performed through content analysis and simple descriptive statistical analysis, through frequency analysis. The results show that the association of restaurants with this organization is beneficial to the company, especially in the matter of waste; the main motivation for joining is the environmental issue and waste management; most members were invited by the Institute; the main challenges are those related to employee training, and consumers would be positively affected by this association with Ecozinha. The research contributes to identifying the perception of managers and consumers about an initiative in Brasília and provides information that can be used by the food establishments to improve its processes.
Definitions and Sampling Design
Authors: Gasparini Patrizia , Floris Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe population studied by the INFC is made up of the Forest and Other wooded land as defined by the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). INFC estimates are produced for the 21 Italian administrative units (the regions), the macro-categories and inventory categories and the forest types that represent the divisions of the inventory domain. This chapter illustrates the classification system adopted for the INFC and provides descriptions of the different classes. The sampling design adopted and the construction of the national 1 km × 1 km grid, on which the identification of the sampling points is based, are also illustrated. Finally, the system of reference units or plots used to operate the classifications and carry out the measurements required by the survey protocol is presented.
Introduction to Environmental Education
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Hassan Arba’at , LePage Ben A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe concept of education is changing and that of the environment is also becoming different. Is environmental education: (1) a type of education to improve the environment; (2) education to improve the environment of education; or (3) a type of education to improve the education of people? In this chapter we focus on the ontology of the environment. In epistemology, we try to understand the nature and identity of the world around us and what environmental education is about. The purpose of environmental education is to cultivate citizens that: (1) have a working knowledge of environmental systems; (2) have concerns about environmental problems; and (3) have the capabilities to solve and actively participate in implementing solutions. Environmental problems must be solved through a root cause process, and environmental educators need to change the public’smind on environmental issues using realistic and attainable education targets to establish environmentally friendly behaviors. Through outdoor, classroom, and nature-centered education programs, our goal is to establish important curriculumgoals and novellearning methods for environmental education. Our goal is to have stakeholders consider environmental issues with open minds, understand the needs of other stakeholders, take a leadership role recognizing the existing and emerging environmental issues, and internalize them into specific environmental protective action plans.
An analytic evaluation of gravitational particle production of fermions via Stokes phenomenon
Authors: Hashiba Soichiro , Ling Siyang , Long Andrew J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of gravitational particle production can take place for quantum fields in curved spacetime. The abundance and energy spectrum of gravitationally produced particles is typically calculated by solving the field’s mode equations on a time-dependent background metric. For purposes of studying dark matter production in an inflationary cosmology, these mode equations are often solved numerically, which is computationally intensive, especially for the rapidly-oscillating high-momentum modes. However, these same modes are amenable to analytic evaluation via the Exact Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (EWKB) method, where gravitational particle production is a manifestation of the Stokes phenomenon. These analytic techniques have been used in the past to study gravitational particle production for spin-0 bosons. We extend the earlier work to study gravitational production of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 fermions. We derive an analytic expression for the connection matrix (valid to all orders in an adiabatic parameter ħ) that relates Bogoliubov coefficients across a Stokes line connecting a merged pair of simple turning points. By comparing the analytic approximation with a direct numerical integration of the mode equations, we demonstrate an excellent agreement and highlight the utility of the Stokes phenomenon formalism applied to fermions. We discuss the implications for an analytic understanding of catastrophic particle production due to vanishing sound speed, which can occur for a spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger field.
(Chiral) Virasoro invariance of the tree-level MHV graviton scattering amplitudes
Authors: Banerjee Shamik , Ghosh Sudip , Paul Partha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper we continue our study of the tree level MHV graviton scattering amplitudes from the point of view of celestial holography. InarXiv:2008.04330we showed that the celestial OPE of two gravitons in the MHV sector can be written as a linear combination of$$ \overline{\mathrm{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{C}\right)} $$SL2ℂ¯current algebra and supertranslation descendants. In this note we show that the OPE is in fact manifestly invariant under the infinite dimensional Virasoro algebra as is expected for a 2-D CFT. This is consistent with the conjecture that the holographic dual in 4-D asymptotically flat space time is a 2-D CFT. Since we get only one copy of the Virasoro algebra we can conclude that the holographic dual theory which computes the MHV amplitudes is a chiral CFT with a host of other infinite dimensional global symmetries including$$ \overline{\mathrm{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{C}\right)} $$SL2ℂ¯current algebra, supertranslations and subsubleading soft graviton symmetry. We also discuss some puzzles related to the appearance of the Virasoro symmetry.
Supersymmetric Galilean Electrodynamics
Authors: Baiguera Stefano , Cederle Lorenzo , Penati Silvia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 2+1 dimensions, we propose a renormalizable non-linear sigma model action which describes the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric generalization of Galilean Electrodynamics. We first start with the simplest model obtained by null reduction of the relativistic Abelian $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric QED in 3+1 dimensions and study its renormalization properties directly in non-relativistic superspace. Despite the existence of a non-renormalization theorem induced by the causal structure of the non-relativistic dynamics, we find that the theory is non-renormalizable. Infinite dimensionless, supersymmetric and gauge-invariant terms, which combine into an analytic function, are generated at quantum level. Renormalizability is then restored by generalizing the theory to a non-linear sigma model where the usual minimal coupling between gauge and matter is complemented by infinitely many marginal couplings driven by a dimensionless gauge scalar and its fermionic superpartner. Superconformal invariance is preserved in correspondence of a non-trivial conformal manifold of fixed points where the theory is gauge-invariant and interacting.
The Weyl double copy in vacuum spacetimes with a cosmological constant
Authors: Han Shanzhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We examine the Weyl double copy relation for vacuum solutions of the Einstein equations with a cosmological constant using the approach we previously described, in which the spin-1/2 massless free-field spinors (Dirac-Weyl fields) are regarded as basic units. Based on the exact non-twisting vacuum type N and vacuum type D solutions, the finding explicitly shows that the single and zeroth copies fulfill conformally invariant field equations in conformally flat spacetime. In addition, irrespective of the presence of a cosmological constant, we demonstrate that the zeroth copy connects Dirac-Weyl fields with the degenerate electromagnetic fields in the curved spacetime in addition to connecting gravity fields with the single copy in conformally flat spacetime. Moreover, the study also demonstrates the critical significance the zeroth copy plays in time-dependent radiation solutions. In particular, for Robinson-Trautman (Λ) gravitational waves, unlike the single copy, we find that the zeroth copy carries additional information to specify whether the sources of associated gravitational waves are time-like, null, or space-like, at least in the weak field limit.
Perfect tensor hyperthreads
Authors: Harper Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bit threads, a dual description of the Ryu-Takyanagi formula for holographic entanglement entropy (EE), can be interpreted as a distillation of the quantum information to a collection of Bell pairs between different boundary regions. In this article we discuss a generalization to hyperthreads which can connect more than two boundary regions leading to a rich and diverse class of convex programs. By modeling the contributions of different species of hyperthreads to the EEs of perfect tensors we argue that this framework may be useful for helping us to begin to probe the multipartite entanglement of holographic systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this technology can potentially be used to understand holographic entropy cone inequalities and may provide an avenue to address issues of locking.
Electrode wear investigation of aluminium spot welding by motion overlay
Authors: Heilmann Stefan , Baumgarten Martin , Koal Johannes , Zschetzsche Jörg , Füssel Uwe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe amount of aluminium sheets in future body-in-white concepts is still on the rise. There is a need for optimizing the joining techniques, caused by the different characteristics compared to the established steel components. Especially the electrode life for resistance spot welding as a reliable and established process needs to be improved. One reason for the short electrode life when welding aluminium is the insulating effect of the aluminium oxide layer. One possibility to reduce the electrode wear is the mechanical destruction of the oxide layer before the welding. This paper describes the influence of a translational and rotational electrode movement on the electrode wear. The oxide layer destruction is detected by resistance measurement. It could be shown that the destruction of the oxide layer already occurs at low movements. However, a homogeneous, large-area destruction is necessary for a wear reduction.
Die Gesellschaft und die Couch. Auseinandersetzungen mit individuellen und sozialen Bedingungen für eine emanzipatorische Psychotherapie
Authors: Muckenhuber Johanna 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungAls Psychotherapeut:innen begegnen wir Menschen und verstehen sie mit ihrem aktuellen Leiden, ihren Entwicklungswünschen, mit ihrer Lebensgeschichte, ihrer sozialen Eingebundenheit aber auch in ihrer beruflichen und gesellschaftlichen Situation. Die sozio-ökonomischen Bedingungen der Lebenswelt der Klient:innen finden jedoch in vielfach in der Psychotherapie keine oder zu wenig Beachtung. Wenn wir das Anliegen einer emanzipatorischen Psychotherapie verfolgen, ist es notwendig die gesellschaftliche Position der Klient:innen mit einer engen Verwobenheit zwischen biographischen und sozialen Wirkmechanismen in unserem Nachdenken über sie ebenso zu berücksichtigen wie ihre individuellen Dispositionen. Die Gesellschaft und die sozialen Bedingungen müssen insofern immer wieder ihren Weg auf die Couch finden. Im Beitrag wird anhand zweier Fallvignetten mit der sozialwissenschaftlichen Methode der analytischen Autoethnographie unter Berücksichtigung von intersubjektiven Prozessen und mittels der Analyse von Übertragung und Gegenübertragung dargestellt, dass dabei Ohnmachtsgefühle von Klient:innen und Therapeut:innen ein wesentliches Hindernis darstellen können und der bewussten Reflexion zugänglich gemacht werden sollten. In der Therapie stehen wir zudem häufig vor der Herausforderung einer Gratwanderung zwischen dem individuellen Wunsch nach Entwicklung und der gesellschaftlichen Anforderung nach Selbstoptimierung. Der Beitrag diskutiert daher die Frage, ob Psychotherapie in erster Linie dazu beiträgt, die Menschen an die herrschenden Verhältnisse anzupassen und ihre Arbeitsfähigkeit zu erhalten. Oder ob Psychotherapie nicht vielmehr auch die Widerständigkeit der Individuen fördern kann und soll, um damit auch ihre Handlungsspielräume zu vergrößern und dazu beizutragen, dass die Menschen ihre Umwelt aktiv (um)gestalten.
Pedophile, Child Lover, or Minor-Attracted Person? Attitudes Toward Labels Among People Who are Sexually Attracted to Children
Authors: Jahnke Sara , Blagden Nicholas , Hill Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe primary label for people who are sexually attracted to children (“pedophile”) is conflated with sexual offending behavior and tainted with stigma. In the present pre-registered mixed-method study, we therefore investigated attitudes and preferences regarding "pedophile/hebephile" and other labels among 286 people who report a stronger or equally strong sexual attraction to prepubescent and pubescent children than to adults. Overall, quantitative data showed acceptance of “pedophile/hebephile” as well as a range of alternative labels in a personal (Labeling Oneself) and a professional context (Being Labeled by Others). “Minor-attracted person” and “pedophile/hebephile” received generally higher support than other terms and appeared to be least divisive across three major online fora. Qualitative data revealed four themes: “Contested self-labels,” “Person-first language and pathologizing sexuality/identity,” “Stigma and shame,” and “Reclaiming the pedophile label.” Our results allow deeper insight into reasons for adopting certain labels over others, as well as difficulties of finding a non-stigmatizing label. We discuss limitations of the study and practical implications for clinical and research contexts.
Starvation and cadmium affect energy reserves and oxidative stress in individuals of Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Pompka Anna , Szulińska Elżbieta , Kafel Alina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDifferent factors, such as starvation and metal exposure, may affect development and cause oxidative stress in insects. Some host plants may contain a high concentration of cadmium due to their hyperaccumulating property. The negative effects of metals and hunger may be manifested by low availability of energetic substrates. This study aimed to assess whether the insect population with a history of long metal exposure may better manage metal stress or/and starvation at different developmental stages, with the use of energetic substrates. Two strains of Spodoptera exigua model organism were tested: control strain and cadmium strain (treated continuously for over 200 generations with subtoxic amounts of cadmium). The effects of different factors, individually and in combination, on the tested strains were assessed, first by determining the body weight of larvae and pupae and then by estimating the concentration of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, or glycogen) in the 4th and 5th larval stages and in pupae, and the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation level in the 4th larval stage. Compared to control strain, cadmium strain individuals exhibited changes in the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and protein. This was partly related to earlier 1-day starvation. In particular, changes in carbohydrate concentration seemed to be a sensitive biomarker of metal stress, independent of the age of individuals and period of starvation. However, the increase in the total antioxidant capacity and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the 4th larval stage under the effect of cadmium was dependent on strain origin.
SARS-CoV-2 infections in professional orchestra and choir musicians—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Berghöfer Anne , Rotter Gabriele , Pankert Joachim , Icke Katja , Roll Stephanie , King Ryan , Willich Stefan N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, rehearsal and concert activities of professional orchestras and choirs were severely restricted based on the assumption of particularly high infection risks associated with wind instruments and singing. Therefore, our primary objective was to determine the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in orchestra and choir musicians compared to controls. We also assessed influenza, flu, upper respiratory tract infections, and course of illness. Musicians from professional orchestras and choirs and controls from 23 institutions throughout Germany were included in a prospective cohort study. Data were collected from October 2020 to June 2021 by weekly online surveys. A mixed-effects cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the effect of exposure by professional activity on SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 1,097 participants (46.7 years (SD 10.3); 46.8% female; 705 orchestra, 154 choir, and 238 control subjects) 40 SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred. Cases per person-years were 0.06 in orchestras, 0.11 in choirs, and 0.03 in controls. Hazard ratios compared to controls were 1.74 (95% CI 0.58 to 5.25, p = 0.320) for orchestra musicians and 2.97 (0.87 to 10.28, p = 0.087) for choir singers. Infection source was suspected predominantly in private contexts. Disease courses were mild to moderate. Other respiratory infections were reported in 6.1% of study weeks in orchestras, 10.1% in choirs, and 8.0% in controls. Sick leave days of total study days were 0.5, 2.1 and 1.3%, respectively. This epidemiologic study during the pandemic in professional musicians indicates no increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections in orchestra musicians and a trend towards increased risk in choir singers compared to controls. However, the exact routes of infection could not be validated. If appropriate hygiene concepts are adhered to, safe orchestra and choir activity appears possible in pandemic times.
Coastalization patterns in the Mediterranean: a spatiotemporal analysis of coastal urban sprawl in tourism destination areas
Authors: Lagarias Apostolos , Stratigea Anastasia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnder the current climate change scenery, coastalization, i.e. a linear-type of urban sprawl along the coastal zone, has become a key planning and policy concern at a global scale. Such a coastal urban sprawl trend seems to be further intensifying by, among others, mass tourism development in coastal destinations. This is evident by the abundance of relevant examples, being detected, among others, in the Mediterranean region. Taking into consideration the extreme pressure of the coastalization trend on land/marine ecosystems and its impacts on sustainability and resilience objectives, the focus of this research is on the development of a spatiotemporal and data-driven methodological approach that is capable of quantifying the dynamics of coastal urban sprawl. The proposed approach is grounded on a set of spatial metrics and a combination of the multitemporal Global Human Settlement Layer and the Corine Land Cover data; and is tested in four Mediterranean highly-rated tourism destinations in Spain, France, Italy and Greece. The variation of spatial metrics along different time spots and distinct distance buffers from the coast, unveils diversifying coastalization typologies and urban sprawl patterns; and provides input for more informed and place-based policy decisions on sustainable coastal land management. The proposed approach is easily replicable to other coastal regions as well for capturing/quantifying aspects of urban sprawl and coastalization dynamics and supporting relevant evidence-based decision-making.