bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: is it ready for prime time?
Authors: Cusimano Frank A. , Damas Oriana M. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Diet remains an important topic for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet few guidelines for dietary recommendations exist. There is a growing interest in the use of diet as treatment or adjuvant therapy for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Here, we highlight the latest evidence on the use of diet for treatment of symptoms, active disease and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Recent findings
The Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) and the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) are studied diets that have gained popularity, but there is growing interest in the use and efficacy of less restrictive diets such as the Mediterranean diet. Recent data suggest healthful dietary patterns alone, with an emphasis on whole foods that are high in vegetable fibre and that promote less consumption of ultra-processed foods may also help achieve remission in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Summary
In this review, we summarize the literature on diet as treatment for IBD. We highlight the latest clinical dietary studies, randomized clinical trials, as well as new and emerging diets for the treatment of IBD.
An Unfolding Tabletop Simulation Training Exercise on Disaster Planning for Nursing Students
Authors: Johnson Clare , Badowski Donna Marie , Quandt Raegan 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Disaster planning is an essential component for nursing students to learn.

Problem:
Clinical experiences of disasters are typically unavailable for nursing students. Increasing frequency of disaster events around the globe has made disaster planning knowledge and skills a critical component in nursing education and professional practice.

Approach:
An unfolding tabletop disaster planning exercise was created as a simulation training strategy meant to strengthen essential disaster response skills. The exercise involves 5 realistic scenarios related to a mass casualty event, taking students from the disaster site to the hospital-based disaster response.

Outcomes:
Implementation of a tabletop disaster planning simulation in one nursing program replaced the traditional lecture-based disaster content.

Conclusion:
An unfolding tabletop disaster planning simulation is a comprehensive, interactive, sustainable, and low-cost teaching strategy that draws on nursing students' fundamental knowledge. Students had the opportunity to practice clinical skills required during a disaster, such as communication, prioritization, teamwork, and delegation.
Haemophilus Influenzae-Induced Corneal Ulcer and Endophthalmitis Triggered by Hair Dye
Authors: Xie Tian , Jing Meng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The present report describes a 79-year-old woman developed eye pain in her right eye after accidental exposure to the hair dye when she dyed her hair. Her visual acuity was no light perception and intraocular ocular pressure was 10 mmHg in her right eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a huge corneal ulcer with the central cornea almost perforated and severe hypopyon in anterior chamber and moderate opacity in vitreous. Time-of-flight mass-spectrum of cornea scraping confirmed that the pathogen was haemophilus influenzae. Right-eye enucleation was performed. Topical chloramphenicol eye drops (0.25%) and ciprofloxacin (0.3%) and the ceftezole intravenous infusion were applied. The infection was controlled and the patient recovered well on 1 month follow-up. Doctors should be aware of the diagnosis and treatment of this complication associated with the application of hair dye as the popularity of this procedure increases.
Decompression of Odontogenic Keratocysts Before Enucleation Reduces the Rate of Recurrence
Authors: Stanbouly Dani , Lee Kevin C. , Fazzolari Justin R. , Philipone Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study was to determine if 2-stage conservative treatment (decompression followed by enucleation) of odontogenic keratocysts reduced the rate of recurrence compared to single-stage conservative treatment.

Methods:
This was a pooled cohort study composed of both patients identified at our institution and cases reported in the literature. The primary predictor variable was treatment modality (single versus 2-staged conservative treatment). The outcome variable was the overall recurrence rate.

Results:
A total of 684 patient cases were included in the final pooled sample. The mean age was 39.80years (range: 7–80 years). The mandible (76.8%) was the most common site, with the rest of the lesions manifesting in the maxilla (23.0%). A total of 58.1% of the lesions were unilocular, whereas the remaining 41.9% were multilocular. Two-stage conservative treatment demonstrated a lower recurrence rate (14.5% versus 22.1%; P = 0.029).

Conclusions:
Decompression is known to reduce lesion size and optimize the favorability of conservative treatment. Furthermore, we propose that 2-staged treatment may also be associated with a lower recurrence rate.
Computed Tomography Assessment of Maxillary Sinus and Inferior Nasal Airway After Le Fort I Osteotomy
Authors: Ueki Koichiro , Takayama Akihiro , Moroi Akinori , Yoshizawa Kunio 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate and predict the factors that affect the postoperative maxillary sinus and inferior nasal cavity conditions after Le Fort I osteotomy.

Subjects and Methods:
The rate of aerated (healthy) sinus area and the inferior nasal airway area were calculated by preoperative computed tomography measurements and at 1 week and 1 year postoperatively. Factors predicting the rate of aerated sinus area and the ratio of the inferior nasal cavity area after 1-week were examined using these variables.

Results:
The subjects consisted of 112 patients (224 sides) who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy with sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The rate of aerated sinus area after 1 week was significantly correlated with sex, age, and amount of blood loss (P < 0.0001). The rate of the inferior nasal cavity area after 1 week was significantly correlated with the anterior impaction amount of the maxilla and the preoperative rate of the inferior nasal airway area (P= 0.0017).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that attention should be paid to females, older patients, and the amount of blood loss to prevent sinusitis, and larger maxillary impaction at the anterior site should be carefully planned to prevent severe nasal obstruction immediately after Le Fort I osteotomy.
Four Different Reasons of Subcutaneous Emphysema With or Without Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax After Facial Bone Surgery
Authors: Choung Han-Wool , Choi Young-Jun , Kang Hyun , Lee Ui-Lyong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
In the present study, the authors report rare case series with subcutaneous emphysema with or without pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax after orthognathic and facial bone contouring surgery, compare their clinical and radiologic findings, and suggest precautions. Four patients who showed subcutaneous emphysema on follow up chest X-ray and computed tomography after orthognathic and facial bone contouring surgery were included in the study. In all cases post-op subcutaneous emphysema were detected, however, the aspect and mechanisms of post-op air spread were all different. After the conservative management with administering the O2 by nasal cannula or endotracheal tube, the symptoms were relieved except 1 patient who needed chest tube insertion and further supra-sternal incision. In conclusion, subcutaneous emphysema with or without pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax after orthognathic and facial bone contouring surgery can be occurred by cervical fascia injury or alveolar ruptures. To preventing those complications, traumatic naso-tracheal intubation, excessive positive pressure ventilation, intermaxillary fixation immediate after the surgery, and increase of intra-alveolar pressure of the patients should be avoided.
Preoperative Treatment of Severe Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Mitigates Healthcare Disparities and Prevents Adverse Postoperative Discharge to a Nursing Home
Authors: Wachtendorf Luca J. , Azimaraghi Omid , Rangasamy Valluvan , Sane Miheer , Subramaniam Balachundhar , Vazquez Rafael , Wongtangman Karuna , Houle Timothy T. , Bellin Eran Y. , Akeju Oluwaseun , Straker Tracey , Chambers Terry-Ann T. , Oriol Nancy E. , Eikermann Matthias ,   for the Health Outcomes and Perioperative Equity (H.O.P.E) group investigators writing committee
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To evaluate whether patients of Black race are at higher risk of adverse postoperative discharge to a nursing home, and if a higher prevalence of severe diabetes mellitus and hypertension are contributing.

Background:
It is unclear whether a patient’s race predicts adverse discharge to a nursing home after surgery, and if preexisting diseases are contributing.

Methods:
A total of 368,360 adults undergoing surgery between 2007 and 2020 across 2 academic healthcare networks in New England were included. Patients of self-identified Black or White race were compared. The primary outcome was postoperative discharge to a nursing facility. Mediation analysis was used to examine the impact of preexisting severe diabetes mellitus and hypertension on the primary association.

Results:
In all, 10.3% (38,010/368,360) of patients were Black and 26,434 (7.2%) patients were discharged to a nursing home. Black patients were at increased risk of postoperative discharge to a nursing facility (adjusted absolute risk difference: 1.9%; 95% confidence interval: 1.6%–2.2%; P<0.001). A higher prevalence of preexisting severe diabetes mellitus and hypertension in Black patients mediated 30.2% and 15.6% of this association. Preoperative medication-based treatment adherent to guidelines in patients with severe diabetes mellitus or hypertension mitigated the primary association (P-for-interaction <0.001). The same pattern of effect mitigation by pharmacotherapy was observed for the endpoint 30-day readmission.

Conclusions:
Black race was associated with postoperative discharge to a nursing facility compared to White race. Optimized preoperative assessment and treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension improves surgical outcomes and provides an opportunity to the surgeon to help eliminate healthcare disparities.
Foxm1 drives cardiomyocyte proliferation in adult zebrafish after cardiac injury
Authors: Zuppo Daniel A. , Missinato Maria A. , Santana-Santos Lucas , Li Guang , Benos Panayiotis V. , Tsang Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart is poor with one potential reason being that adult cardiomyocytes cannot proliferate at sufficient levels to replace lost tissue. During development and early neonatal stages, cardiomyocytes can successfully divide under injury conditions; however, as these cells mature their ability to proliferate rapidly decreases. Therefore, understanding which regulatory programs are required to induce post-mitotic, mature cardiomyocytes into a proliferative state is essential in order to enhance cardiac regeneration. Unlike mammals, adult zebrafish cardiomyocytes in the injury border zone do proliferate. This model provides an opportunity to elucidate how these border zone cells respond to different stimuli post-injury and to study which regulatory programs are required for adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. Here we report the forkhead transcription factor,foxm1, is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation after cardiac injury through transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes. Transcriptomic analysis of injured adult zebrafish hearts revealed thatfoxm1expression is increased after injury in border zone cardiomyocytes.foxm1mutants showed decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation after ventricular resection, resulting in larger fibrotic scars. Moreover, decreased expression of cell cycle progression genes suggests that Foxm1 is required for different cell cycle checkpoints during cardiomyocyte division. Subsequent analyses of Foxm1 targets revealed the microtubule and kinetochore binding protein,cenpf, is required for cardiac regeneration ascenpfmutants failed to regenerate due to increased cardiomyocyte binucleation. Thus,foxm1andcenpfare required for cardiomyocytes to complete mitosis during zebrafish cardiac regeneration.
Updated Variant Curation Expert Panel Criteria and Pathogenicity Classifications for 251 Variants for RYR1-related Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility
Authors: Johnston Jennifer J. , Dirksen Robert T. , Girard Thierry , Hopkins Phil M. , Kraeva Natalia , Ognoon Mungunsukh , Radenbaugh K. Bailey , Riazi Sheila , Robinson Rachel L. , Saddic Louis A. , Sambuughin Nyamkhishig , Saxena Richa , Shepherd Sarah , Stowell Kathryn , Weber James , Yoo Seeley , Rosenberg Henry , Biesecker Leslie G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ClinGen malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) variant curation expert panel specified the ACMG/AMP criteria for RYR1-related MHS and a pilot analysis of 84 variants was published. We have now classified an additional 251 variants for RYR1-related MHS according to current ClinGen standards and updated the criteria where necessary. Criterion PS4 was modified such that individuals with multiple RYR1 variants classified as pathogenic (P), likely pathogenic (LP) or variant of uncertain significance (VUS) were not considered as providing evidence for pathogenicity. Critera PS1 and PM5 were revised to consider LP variants at the same amino acid residue as providing evidence for pathogenicity at reduced strength. Finally, PM1 was revised such that if PS1 or PM5 are used PM1, if applicable, should be downgraded to supporting. Of the 251 RYR1 variants, 42 were classified as P/LP, 16 as B/LB, and 193 as VUS. The primary driver of 176 VUS classifications was insufficient evidence supporting pathogenicity, rather than evidence against pathogenicity. Functional data supporting PS3/BS3 was identified for only 13 variants. Based on the posterior probabilities of pathogenicity and variant frequencies in gnomAD, we estimated the prevalence of individuals with RYR1-related MHS pathogenic variants to be between 1/300 and 1/1,075, considerably higher than current estimates. We have updated ACMG/AMP criteria for RYR1-related MHS and classified 251 variants. We suggest that prioritization of functional studies is needed to resolve the large number of VUS classifications and allow for appropriate risk assessment. RYR1-related MHS pathogenic variants are likely to be more common than currently appreciated.
Hypomethylation of contracted D4Z4 repeats in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Hiramuki Yosuke , Kure Yuriko , Saito Yoshihiko , Ogawa Megumu , Ishikawa Keiko , Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Oya Yasushi , Takahashi Yuji , Kim Dae-Seong , Arai Noriko , Mori Chiaki , Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Hamano Tadanori , Nakamura Kenichiro , Ikezoe Koji , Hayashi Shinichiro , Goto Yuichi , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: June 2022

SummaryFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) can be subdivided into two types: FSHD1, caused by contraction of the D4Z4 repeat on chromosome 4q35, and FSHD2, caused by mild contraction of the D4Z4 repeat plus aberrant hypomethylation mediated by genetic variants in SMCHD1, DNMT3B, or LRIF1. Genetic diagnosis of FSHD is challenging because of the complex procedures required. Here, we applied Nanopore CRISPR/Cas9-targeted resequencing for the diagnosis of FSHD by simultaneous detection of D4Z4 repeat length and methylation status at nucleotide level in genetically-confirmed and suspected patients. We found significant hypomethylation of contracted D4Z4 repeats in FSHD1 and strong correlation between methylation rate and patient phenotype. This finding can explain how repeat contraction contributes to disease pathogenesis by activating DUX4 expression.
The slowly evolving genome of the xenacoelomorph wormXenoturbella bocki
Authors: Schiffer Philipp H. , Natsidis Paschalis , Leite Daniel J. , Robertson Helen E. , Lapraz François , Marlétaz Ferdinand , Fromm Bastian , Baudry Liam , Simpson Fraser , Høye Eirik , Zakrzewski Anne-C. , Kapli Paschalia , Hoff Katharina J. , Mueller Steven , Marbouty Martial , Marlow Heather , Copley Richard R. , Koszul Romain , Sarkies Peter , Telford Maximilian J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary origins of Bilateria remain enigmatic. One of the more enduring proposals highlights similarities between a cnidarian-like planula larva and simple acoel-like flatworms. This idea is based in part on the view of the Xenacoelomorpha as an outgroup to all other bilaterians which are themselves designated the Nephrozoa (protostomes and deuterostomes). Genome data can help to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and provide important comparative data. Here we assemble and analyse the genome of the simple, marine xenacoelomorphXenoturbella bocki, a key species for our understanding of early bilaterian and deuterostome evolution. Our highly contiguous genome assembly ofX. bockihas a size of ∼111 Mbp in 18 chromosome like scaffolds, with repeat content and intron, exon and intergenic space comparable to other bilaterian invertebrates. We findX. bockito have a similar number of genes to other bilaterians and to have retained ancestral metazoan synteny. Key bilaterian signalling pathways are also largely complete and most bilaterian miRNAs are present. We conclude thatX. bockihas a complex genome typical of bilaterians, in contrast to the apparent simplicity of its body plan. Overall, our data do not provide evidence supporting the idea that Xenacoelomorpha are a primitively simple outgroup to other bilaterians and gene presence/absence data support a relationship with Ambulacraria.
Desiccation resistance differences in Drosophila species can be largely explained by variations in cuticular hydrocarbons
Authors: Wang Zinan , Receveur Joseph P. , Pu Jian , Cong Haosu , Richards Cole , Liang Muxuan , Chung Henry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMaintaining water balance is a universal challenge for organisms living in terrestrial environments, especially for insects, which have essential roles in our ecosystem. Although the high surface area to volume ratio in insects makes them vulnerable to water loss, insects have evolved different levels of desiccation resistance to adapt to diverse environments. To withstand desiccation, insects use a lipid layer called cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to reduce water evaporation from the body surface. It has long been hypothesized that the waterproofing capability of this CHC layer, which can confer different levels of desiccation resistance, depends on its chemical composition. However, it is unknown which CHC components are important contributors to desiccation resistance and how these components can determine differences in desiccation resistance. In this study, we used machine learning algorithms, correlation analyses, and synthetic CHCs to investigate how different CHC components affect desiccation resistance in 50 Drosophila and related species. We showed that desiccation resistance differences across these species can be largely explained by variation in cuticular hydrocarbons. In particular, length variation in a subset of CHCs, the methyl-branched CHCs (mbCHCs), is a key determinant of desiccation resistance. We also showed a significant correlation between the evolution of longer mbCHCs and higher desiccation resistance. Given the ubiquitous presence of mbCHCs in insects, the evolution of mbCHCs may be a general mechanism of how insects evolve desiccation resistance and adapt to diverse and changing environments.SignificanceAs our planet is becoming more arid due to global warming, preventing dehydration is key to the survival of insects, an essential part of our ecosystem. However, factors that determine how insects may evolve resistance to desiccation are relatively unknown. Using Drosophila species from diverse habitats, we showed that variations in the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), a hydrophobic layer found on insects to prevent evaporative water loss, can largely explain desiccation resistance differences. In addition, the evolution of longer methyl-branched CHCs (mbCHCs), underlies the evolution of higher desiccation resistance in this genus. As mbCHCs are ubiquitously present in most insects, we suggest that evolutionary changes in mbCHCs may be a general determinant of desiccation resistance across insect species.
Within-hotel transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during on-arrival quarantine in Hong Kong
Authors: Adam Dillon C. , Martín-Sánchez Mario , Gu Haogao , Wu Peng , Lau Eric H. Y. , Leung Gabriel M. , Poon Leo L. M. , Cowling Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOn-arrival quarantine has been one of the primary measures used to prevent the introduction of COVID-19 into Hong Kong since the start of the pandemic. Most on-arrival quarantines have been done in hotels, with the duration of quarantine and testing frequency during quarantine varying throughout the pandemic for various reasons. However, hotels are not necessarily designed with infection control in mind. We aimed to study the potential risk of transmission between persons in on-arrival quarantine.MethodsWe examined data on each laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case identified in on-arrival quarantine in a hotel in Hong Kong between 1 May 2020 and 31 January 2022. We sequenced the full genomes of viruses from cases that overlapped with other confirmed cases in terms of the hotel of stay, date of arrival and date of testing positive. A combination of epidemiological information and sequence information was then used to identify probable transmission events.FindingsAmong 221 imported cases that overlapped with other quarantined cases, phylogenetic analysis identified eight suspected clusters comprising 20 cases in total. Only three of these clusters had been recognised as hotel transmission events.InterpretationWe have identified potential occurrences of COVID-19 transmission within hotel quarantine in Hong Kong demonstrating the underlying low but non-zero risk associated with sequestering arrivals within hotels. In future pandemics, on-arrival quarantine in hotels could be used to delay the introduction of infection, but the construction of purpose-built facilities for on-arrival quarantine might be necessary to minimize importation risk.FundingHealth and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong