bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rasagiline Pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2 Variant Healthy Smokers & Non-smokers in Different Doses
Authors: Bilal Rabiea , Ahmad Naseem Saud , Zaffar Sehrish , Mazhar Muhammad Usama , Siddiqui Waqar Ahmed , Tariq Saba 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Rasagiline, a drug for Parkinson’s disease is metabolized by CYP1A2 enzyme. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of cytochrome P450 1A2 variants and smoking status of healthy individuals on the pharmacokinetics of rasagiline.
Methods: A comparative, open label, interventional, single oral dose, pharmacokinetic study was performed on 108 healthy volunteers in UHS & UVAS, Lahore. Data collection was initiated in June 2016 and ended in January 2018. It was divided in three phases with 1, 2 and 5mg of rasagiline given to a group of 36 volunteers in each phase. Volunteers were sub-divided into six groups of AA smokers, AA non-smokers, AC smokers, AC non-smokers, CC smokers & CC non-smokers on the basis of genotyping and smoking status. Serial blood sampling was performed at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 & 12 hours after administration of rasagiline tablets. Plasma concentrations were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated using software (APO) pharmacological analysis.
Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference between AA and CC groups. Multiple group comparison with post hoc Tukey’s revealed that AA-smokers had significantly less tmax (p<0.001), t1/2 (p<0.012), AUC (p<0.008) and highest Cl (p<0.001) as compared to CC-smokers. The trend was same across all three doses.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the systemic metabolism of rasagiline is significantly increased in CYP1A2*AA variants while smoking status did not show consistent difference in PK parameters.
Registered Trial: ISRCTN68198254
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4940
How to cite this:Bilal R, Ahmad NS, Zaffar S, Mazhar MU, Siddiqui WA, Tariq S. Rasagiline Pharmacokinetics in CYP1A2 Variant Healthy Smokers & Non-smokers in Different Doses. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4940
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frequency of parasitic infections in Arachishypogaea L (groundnuts), Citrulluslanatus seeds (watermelon seeds), and Ziziphusspina-christi (nabag) sold by street vendors in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Suleiman Mohammed Arwa , Abd Alla Ahmed , Galander Ahmed , Elfaki Tayseer , Ibrahim Hashim Ahmed , N. Altayb Hisham 
Published: January 2022

Background: Plant products, including seeds are an important source of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and energy. This study aimed to assess parasitic contaminations in roasted groundnuts, nabag, and tasali (watermelon seeds) sold by street vendors in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: The frequency of parasitic contaminations among all crop products was detected by washing the plants with saline, and then conducting an examination using a formal ether concentration technique (FECT), followed by a saturated sugar floatation technique. Results: The detected parasites belonged to two species: Entamoeba histolytica (33.3%) and Giardia lamblia (15.6%). No helminthic parasites were detected. Mixed contamination of the mentioned parasites was also observed (11.1%). The most contaminated crop was nabag, followed by groundnut, and finally tasali. Conclusion: No relation was established between the positivity of samples for parasites and crop type, Khartoum State city, or seller sex. FECT was more sensitive than the saturated sugar floatation technique as a detection method.
Aging with long-term physical disability: Cohort analysis of survey sample in the U.S.
Authors: Morgan Kerri A. , Putnam Michelle , Espin-Tello Sandra M. , Keglovits Marian , Campbell Margaret , Yan Yan , Wehmeier Aimee , Stark Susan 
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic health conditions, secondary conditions, and decreasing functional ability related to aging and/or changes in underlying impairment may influence participation for persons aging with long-term physical disability (AwD). Objective: To examine sample integrity and baseline findings through exploration of associations of sociodemographic, health, and disability factors with social participation for persons AwD. Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study following persons AwD over three years, reporting baseline cohort study data. A convenience sample of 474 persons AwD aged 45–65 reporting physical disability of ≥5 years’ duration was recruited through community organizations and social media. The cohort was majority female (66.7%) and single (62.0%), and over one-third (38.6%) was non-White. Pain, fatigue, depression, ability to participate in, and satisfaction with, social roles and activities were measured with the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Results: Participants aged 55–60 and 61–65 had significantly lower rates of employment and marriage and higher rates of living alone than participants aged 45–54. Participants reported higher rates of fatigue, pain, and depression and lower ability to participate in, and satisfaction with, participation in, social roles and activities than the general population. Ability to participate and satisfaction with participation were highest among Black/African American participants. Conclusions: Participants reported higher rates of common AwD symptoms and lower ability to participate and satisfaction with participation than the general population, consistent with prior studies of AwD samples. This cohort reflects the AwD population and can be considered an AwD sample, comparable to those found in existing literature. The focus of future analyses will be to gain a greater understanding of chronic health conditions, incidence of falls, engagement in everyday life activities, and the impact of the environment.
Clinical inflammatory biomarkers associated with the tumor stage of gastric cancer: retrospective analysis of a Hospital in Peru during the years 2018–2020
Authors: Vela-Ruiz Jose M. , Medina-Rojas Katherine , Machón-Cosme Andrea , Perez-Ramos Carlos , Sotelo Miguel J. , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Gastric cancer is a disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality in the world. Objective: To determine which clinical inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the tumor stage of gastric cancer of the oncology service of the Hospital María Auxiliadora in Lima, Peru, during the years 2018-2020. Methodology: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study. There was a sample of 110 patients. The PR values ​​were obtained from the absolute frequencies of the variables: serum albumin, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR). Results: The average age was 63,727±13.85. 55.45% were female. The most frequent histopathological type was intestinal adenocarcinoma with 62.73%. In the bivariate analysis, an association was found between INL (PR:6.88 CI95% 2.36-20 p<0.001), IPL (PR:2.55 CI95% 1.68-3.86 p<0.001) and serum albumin (PR:3.16 CI95% 1.91-5.24 p<0.001) in the advanced clinical stage. The multivariate analysis found a relationship between INL and clinical stage (PR:4.11 CI95% 1.25-13.49 p=0.020) Conclusion: INL is an independent predictive factor in relation to the clinical stage of gastric cancer in this study.
K-nearest-neighbor algorithm to predict the survival time and classification of various stages of oral cancer: a machine learning approach
Authors: Siddalingappa Rashmi , Kanagaraj Sekar 
Published: January 2022

Background: For years now, cancer treatments have entailed tried-and-true methods. Yet, oncologists and clinicians recommend a series of surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Yet, even amidst these treatments, the number of deaths due to cancer increases at an alarming rate. The prognosis of cancer patients is influenced by mutations, age, and various cancer stages. However, the association between these variables is unclear. Methods: The present work adopts a machine learning technique—k-nearest neighbor; for both regression and classification tasks, regression for predicting the survival time of oral cancer patients, and classification for classifying the patients into one of the predefined oral cancer stages. Two cross-validation approaches—hold-out and k-fold methods—have been used to examine the prediction results. Results: The experimental results show that the k-fold method performs better than the hold-out method, providing the least mean absolute error score of 0.015. Additionally, the model classifies patients into a valid group. Of the 429 records, 97 (out of 106), 99 (out of 119), 95 (out of 113), and 77 (out of 91) were classified to its correct label as stages – 1, 2, 3, and 4. The accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure for each classification group obtained are 0.84, 0.85, 0.85, and 0.84. Conclusions: The study showed that aged patients with a higher number of mutations than young patients have a higher risk of short survival. Senior patients with a more significant number of mutations have an increased risk of getting into the last cancer stage
Parents’ Risk Acceptance and Attitudes Toward the Use of Quad Bikes by Children and Young People in Sweden
Authors: Lundqvist Peter , Stave Christina , Göransson Eva 
Published: January 2022

HighlightsParents did not see themselves as role models for children regarding use of quad bikes.Parents seemed to misjudge their children’s maturity and capabilities.Risk acceptance was a common issue, due to risk normalization.There is a need for an age limit for drivers of adult-size quad bikes.Abstract.When seeking to explain the many accidents involving children on quad bikes, it is critical to understand the norms and risk perceptions of their parents, because parents are responsible for their children’s safety. This study explored attitudes and behavior among parents of rural children using quad bikes and their experiences of incidents and injuries. Information obtained from two focus group discussions, one with young adults and one with parents, and an in-depth interview with a quad bike distributor was used to develop an interview guide. The guide was used in telephone interviews with Swedish parents (n = 41) and some children ages 5 to 14 (n = 9) between autumn 2015 and spring 2016. Analysis of the results revealed eight themes: (1) how quad bikes are used, (2) risk awareness, (3) safety information could help other parents, (4) parents’ perception of children’s abilities, (5) children’s learning, (6) children`s perspective, (7) rules and responsibilities, and (8) risk acceptance. Major findings were that parents were aware of the risks and had a strong commitment to children’s safety, but also showed risk acceptance. To increase the safety of quad bike use, recommendations to organizations and authorities are presented, such as an age limit for drivers of all adult-size quad bikes and safety labeling of quad bikes, with information clarifying the rules for specific vehicles. Keywords: Acceptance, Accident, Agriculture, All-terrain vehicle, ATV, Awareness, Farm, Child, Incident, Parent, Quad bike, Risk, Rural, Sweden, Youth.
Entire solutions for several complex partial differential-difference equations of Fermat type in ℂ2
Authors: Gui Xian Min , Xu Hong Yan , Tang Wen Ju , Wang Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
By utilizing the Nevanlinna theory of meromorphic functions in several complex variables, we mainly investigate the existence and the forms of entire solutions for the partial differential-difference equation of Fermat type

α

∂
f

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

∂

z

1

+
β

∂
f

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

∂

z

2

m

+
f

(

z

1

+

c

1

,

z

2

+

c

2

)

n

=
1

{\left(\alpha \frac{\partial f\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})}{\partial {z}_{1}}+\beta \frac{\partial f\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})}{\partial {z}_{2}}\right)}^{m}+f{\left({z}_{1}+{c}_{1},{z}_{2}+{c}_{2})}^{n}=1

and

α

∂
f

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

∂

z

1

+
β

∂
f

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

∂

z

2

2

+

[

γ

1

f

(

z

1

+

c

1

,

z

2

+

c

2

)

−

γ

2

f

(

z

1

,

z

2

)

]

2

=
1
,

{\left(\alpha \frac{\partial f\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})}{\partial {z}_{1}}+\beta \frac{\partial f\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})}{\partial {z}_{2}}\right)}^{2}+{\left[{\gamma }_{1}f\left({z}_{1}+{c}_{1},{z}_{2}+{c}_{2})-{\gamma }_{2}f\left({z}_{1},{z}_{2})]}^{2}=1,

where

m
,
n

m,n

are positive integers and

α
,
β
,

γ

1

,

γ

2

\alpha ,\beta ,{\gamma }_{1},{\gamma }_{2}

are constants in

C

{\mathbb{C}}

. We give some results about the forms of solutions for these equations, which are great improvements of the previous theorems given by Xu and Cao et al. Moreover, it is very satisfactory that we give the corresponding examples to explain the conclusions of our theorems in each case.
Matrix representation of a cross product and related curl-based differential operators in all space dimensions
Authors: Lewintan Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A higher dimensional generalization of the cross product is associated with an adequate matrix multiplication. This index-free view allows for a better understanding of the underlying algebraic structures, among which are generalizations of Grassmann’s, Jacobi’s and Room’s identities. Moreover, such a view provides a higher dimensional analogue of the decomposition of the vector Laplacian, which itself gives an explicit index-free Helmholtz decomposition in arbitrary dimensions

n
≥
2

n\ge 2

.
Novel Glial Cells Missing-2 (GCM2) variants in parathyroid disorders
Authors: Canaff Lucie , Guarnieri Vito , Kim Yoojung , Wong Betty Y L , Nolin-Lapalme Alexis , Cole David E C , Minisola Salvatore , Eller-Vainicher Cristina , Cetani Filomena , Repaci Andrea , Turchetti Daniela , Corbetta Sabrina , Scillitani Alfredo , Goltzman David 
Published: January 2022

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze variants of the gene glial cells missing-2 (GCM2), encoding a parathyroid cell-specific transcription factor, in familial hypoparathyroidism and in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) without and with parathyroid carcinoma.

Design
We characterized 2 families with hypoparathyroidism and 19 with FIHP in which we examined the mechanism of action of GCM2 variants.

Methods
Leukocyte DNA of hypoparathyroid individuals was Sanger sequenced for CASR, PTH, GNA11 and GCM2 mutations. DNA of hyperparathyroid individuals underwent MEN1, CDKN1B, CDC73,
CASR, RET and GCM2 sequencing. The actions of identified GCM2 variants were evaluated by in vitro functional analyses.

Results
A novel homozygous p.R67C GCM2 mutation which failed to stimulate transcriptional activity in a luciferase assay was identified in affected members of two hypoparathyroid families. Oligonucleotide pull-down assay and in silico structural modeling indicated that this mutant had lost the ability to bind the consensus GCM recognition sequence of DNA. Two novel (p.I383M and p.T386S) and one previously reported (p.Y394S) heterozygous GCM2 variants that lie within a C-terminal conserved inhibitory domain were identified in three affected individuals of the hyperparathyroid families. One family member, heterozygous for p.I138M, had parathyroid carcinoma (PC), and a heterozygous p.V382M variant was found in another patient affected by sporadic PC. These variants exerted significantly enhanced in vitrotranscriptional activity, including increased stimulation of the PTH promoter.

Conclusions
We provide evidence that two novel GCM2 R67C inactivating mutations with an inability to bind DNA are causative of hypoparathyroidism. Additionally, we provide evidence that two novel GCM2 variants increased transactivation of the PTH promoter in vitro and are associated with FIHP. Furthermore, our studies suggest that activating GCM2 variants may contribute to facilitating more aggressive parathyroid disease.
Serum cytokines levels in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive and obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Vorobyova D. A. , Kologrivova I. V. , Suslova T. E. , Ryabov V. V. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To compare the concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive (MINOCA) and obstructive coronary arteries (MIOCA) in the early postinfarction period and after 1-year follow-up.Material and methods. The study included 40 patients with myocardial infarction (experimental group, 19 patients; control group, 21 patients). Three (15,7%) patients with diagnosed acute myocarditis were excluded from the final analysis. Blood samples were taken upon admission, on the 2nd, 4th and 7th days from hospitalization, and also after 1-year follow-up. Twenty-three parameters were analyzed using multiplex analysis and the Multiplex Instrument FLEXMAP 3D system (Luminex Corporation), as well as the MILLIPLEX map Human Cytokine/ Chemokine Panel II.Results. According to multiplex analysis of blood serum of the studied groups, a comparable increase in proinflammatory cytokines CCL-15, CCL-26, CCL-27 in the early postinfarction period and after 1-year follow-up, as well as antiinflammatory and regenerative cytokines CXCL-12, TPO in the early postinfarction period and after 1-year follow-up. In patients with MINOCA, higher concentrations of the following proinflammatory cytokines were determined: IL-16 upon admission (p=0,03), IL-20 on days 2 and 4 of the early postinfarction period (p=0,005 and p = 0.03), as well as CCL-15 on days 4 and 7 (p=0,05 and p=0,02). After 1-year follow-up, among the proinflammatory cytokines, a greater increase in CCL-21 (p=0,02) was noted in the patients of experimental group. Also, in patients with MINOCA, a greater increase in TPO was determined upon admission and on the 2nd day (p=0,02 and p=0,02), SCF — on the 7th day and after 1-year follow-up (p=0,04 and p=0,04), and LIF on the 4th day of early postinfarction period (p=0,007). In contrast, MIOCA patients showed a greater increase in CXCL-12 levels upon admission (p=0,04). At the same time, patients with MINOCA showed a higher level of C-reactive protein on the 1st day, as well as a higher relative monocyte count after 1-year follow-up.Conclusion. Despite a comparable increase in the cytokines CCL-8, CCL-13, CCL26, CCL-27 in patients of both groups, in patients with MINOCA there was a greater increase in proinflammatory cytokines IL-16, IL-20, CCL-15, CCL-21, and also CXCL-12, LIF, TPO, SCF, which have anti-inflammatory and regenerative activity. After 1 year follow-up, MINOCA patients showed a significant increase in CCL-21 and SCF, with a comparable increase in other proinflammatory cytokines in patients of both groups. A greater increase in proinflammatory cytokines in patients with MINOCA may indicate a more aggressive atherosclerosis course and lead to plaque destabilization followed by ischemic event.
2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Pulmonary hypertension, including chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Barbarash O. L. , Bautin A. E. , Volkov A. V. , Veselova T. N. , Galyavich A. S. , Goncharova N. S. , Gorbachevsky S. V. , Danilov N. M. , Eremenko A. A. , Martynyuk T. V. , Moiseeva O. M. , Saidova M. A. , Sergienko V. B. , Simakova M. A. , Stukalova O. V. , Chazova I. E. , Chernyavsky A. M. , Shalaev S. V. , Shmalts A. A. , Tsareva N. A. 
Published: January 2022

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)With the participation: Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons of Russia, Russian Respiratory Society, Federation of Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators, Association of Rheumatologists of Russia, National Congress of Radiation Diagnosticians.
Influence of characteristics of epicardial adipose tissue and myocardial sympathetic innervation on the development of late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Varlamova Yu. V. , Sazonova S. I. , Popov E. V. , Batalov R. E. , Moskovskikh T. V. , Popov S. V. , Minin S. M. , Romanov A. B. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To investigate the relationship between radiological characteristics of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and myocardial sympathetic activity, as well as to study their association with late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Material and methods. This prospective study included 26 people with persistent and long-standing persistent AF scheduled for interventional AF treatment. Before the RFA procedure, all patients underwent cardiac 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) scintigraphy to assess the myocardial sympathetic innervation and contrast-enhanced cardiac multislice computed tomography to assess pulmonary vein anatomy, left atrial volume, and EAT volume. Clinical follow-up, including 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and 24-hour ECG monitoring, was carried out 3, 6 and 12 months after RFA.Results. After the end of follow-up, the patients were divided into two groups: with AF recurrence (group 1, n=8) and without AF recurrence (group 2, n=18). Multivariate logistic analysis found that only the 123I-MIBG washout rate (odds ratio, 1,0943; 95% confidence interval, 1,0138-1,1812) proved to be an independent predictor of late AF recurrence after RFA. ROC analysis revealed that a 123I-MIBG washout rate >21% with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 83,3% (AUC=0,844; p<0,001) predicts late AF recurrence after RFA.Conclusion. Parameters of myocardial sympathetic activity, assessed by 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy, are associated with late AF recurrence after RFA in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF. There were no reliable data confirming associations between myocardial sympathetic innervation and radiological EAT indicators, as well as the effect of the latter on the risk of AF recurrence after RFA.
Effect of dapagliflozin therapy on achieving cardiovascular mortality target indicators in patients with heart failure
Authors: Zhuravleva M. V. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Zhirov I. V. , Villevalde S. V. , Marin T. V. , Gagarina Yu. V. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To assess the effect of therapy with sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CHrEF) on the state cardiovascular mortality target indicators.Material and methods. All adult Russian patients with NYHA class II-IV HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%) were considered as the target population. The characteristics of patients in the study corresponded to those in the Russian Hospital HF Registry (RUS-HFR). The study suggests that the use of dapagliflozin in addition to standard therapy will be expanded by 10% of the patient population annually in 2022-24. Cardiovascular mortality modeling was performed based on the extrapolation of DAPA-HF study result. The number of deaths that can be prevented was calculated when using dapagliflozin in addition to standard therapy. Further, the contribution of prevented deaths with dapagliflozin therapy to the achievement of federal and regional cardiovascular mortality target indicators (1, 2 and 3 years) was calculated.Results. The use of dapagliflozin in addition to standard therapy for patients with NYHA class II-IV CHrEF with the expansion of dapagliflozin therapy by 10% of the patient population annually will additionally prevent 1729 cardiovascular death in the first year. This will ensure the implementation of cardiovascular mortality target indicators in Russia in 2022 by 11,8%. In the second year, 3769 cardiovascular deaths will be prevented, which will ensure the implementation of target indicators in 2023 by 17,2%. In the third year, 5465 cardiovascular deaths prevented, which will ensure the implementation of implementation of target indicators in 2024 by 18,7%.Conclusion. The use of dapagliflozin in addition to standard therapy for patients with NYHA class II-IV CHrEF will ensure the implementation of implementation of target indicators in 2024 by 18,7%.