bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-frame blind deconvolution and phase diversity with statistical inclusion of uncorrected high-order modes
Authors: Löfdahl Mats G. , Hillberg Tomas 
Published: November 2022

Context. Images collected with ground-based telescopes suffer blurring and distortions from turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere. Adaptive optics (AO) can only partially compensate for these effects. Neither multi-frame blind deconvolution (MFBD) methods nor speckle techniques perfectly restore AO-compensated images to the correct power spectrum and contrast. MFBD methods can only estimate and compensate for a finite number of low-order aberrations, leaving a tail of uncorrected high-order modes. Restoration of AO-corrected data with speckle interferometry depends on calibrations of the AO corrections together with assumptions regarding the height distribution of atmospheric turbulence.
Aims. We seek to develop an improvement to MFBD image restoration that combines the use of turbulence statistics to account for high-order modes in speckle interferometry with the ability of MFBD methods to sense low-order modes that can be partially corrected by AO and/or include fixed or slowly changing instrumental aberrations.
Methods. We modify the MFBD image-formation model by supplementing the fitted low-order wavefront aberrations with tails of random high-order aberrations. These tails follow Kolmogorov statistics scaled to estimated or measured values of Fried’s parameter, r0, that characterize the strength of the seeing at the moment of data collection. We refer to this as statistical diversity (SD). We test the implementation of MFBD with SD with noise-free synthetic data, simulating many different values of r0 and numbers of modes corrected with AO.
Results. Statistical diversity improves the contrasts and power spectra of restored images, both in accuracy and in consistency with varying r0, without penalty in processing time. Together with focus diversity (FD, or traditional phase diversity), the results are almost perfect. SD also reduces errors in the fitted wavefront parameters. MFBD with SD and FD seems to be resistant to errors of several percentage in the assumed r0 values.
Conclusions. The addition of SD to MFBD methods shows great promise for improving contrasts and power spectra in restored images. Further studies with real data are merited.
Unisolvent and minimal physical degrees of freedom for the second family of polynomial differential forms
Authors: Bruno Ludovico Bruni , Zampa Enrico 
Published: November 2022

The principal aim of this work is to provide a family of unisolvent and minimal physical degrees of freedom, called weights, for Nédélec second family of finite elements. Such elements are thought of as differential formsPrΛk(T) whose coefficients are polynomials of degreer. In this paper we confine ourselves in the two dimensional case ℝ2, as in this framework the Five Lemma offers a neat and elegant treatment avoiding computations on the middle space. The majority of definitions and constructions are meaningful forn > 2 as well and, when possible, they are thus given in such a generality, although more complicated techniques shall be invoked to replace the graceful role of the Five Lemma. In particular, we use techniques of homological algebra to obtain degrees of freedom for the whole diagram$$ {\mathcal{P}}_r{\mathrm{\Lambda }}^0(T)\to {\mathcal{P}}_{r-1}{\mathrm{\Lambda }}^1(T)\to {\mathcal{P}}_{r-2}{\mathrm{\Lambda }}^2(T), $$beingTa 2-simplex of ℝ2. This work pairs its companions recently appeared for Nédélec first family of finite elements.
Saisonale Influenza – Aktuelles zu Epidemiologie, Prävention und Therapie
Authors: Brehm Thomas Theo , Hennigs Annette 
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?
Epidemiologie und Klinik Die im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie ergriffenen Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen und Reisebeschränkungen haben auch die Übertragung saisonaler Influenzaviren stark eingeschränkt. Es muss jedoch davon ausgegangen werden, dass das Infektionsgeschehen in der kommenden Influenzasaison nach dem Wegfall dieser Maßnahmen wieder zunehmen wird. Koinfektionen von saisonalen Influenzaviren und SARS-CoV-2 sind möglich und gehen gegebenenfalls mit einem erhöhten Risiko für schwere Krankheitsverläufe einher.
Influenza-Impfung Die STIKO empfiehlt seit 2021 ab einem Alter von 60 Jahren den Einsatz tetravalenter Hochdosis-Impfstoffe. Diese enthalten im Vergleich zu standarddosierten Impfstoffen die 4-fache Antigenmenge. Impfstoffe, die auf der mRNA-Technologie beruhen, sowie universelle Influenza-Impfstoffe befinden sich in klinischer Prüfung. Es besteht nun auch für Apotheker*innen die Möglichkeit, Grippeimpfungen unter bestimmten Auflagen durchzuführen.
Therapie Für Patient*innen mit erhöhtem Risiko für einen schweren Verlauf wird weiterhin eine frühzeitige antivirale Therapie mit dem Neuraminidase-Inhibitor Oseltamivir empfohlen. Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) sieht für Baloxavir marboxil dagegen keinen Zusatznutzen hinsichtlich der Therapie der Influenzavirus-Infektion. Die aktuelle S3-Leitlinie „Behandlung von erwachsenen Patienten mit ambulant erworbener Pneumonie“ gibt eine moderate Empfehlung zur antibakteriellen Behandlung hospitalisierter Patient*innen mit Influenza-Nachweis und nachgewiesenen pulmonalen Infiltraten. Der Grund dafür ist, dass eine bakterielle Superinfektion auch bei fehlendem mikrobiologischem Nachweis nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann und diese mit erhöhter Letalität einher geht.
Multimorbidität im Versorgungsalltag – Definitionen, Strategien und Grenzen
Authors: Kumlehn Barbara , Ragazzoni Letizia , Denkinger Michael 
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?
Epidemiologie Multimorbidität steigt exponentiell ab etwa dem 40. Lebensjahr an und erreicht mit dem 80. Lebensjahr ein Plateau. Die Prävalenz wird aufgrund des demografischen Wandels und des medizinischen Fortschritts v. a. in den höheren Altersgruppen weiter steigen. Die resultierenden Kosten für das Gesundheitswesen sind dramatisch.
Definition Viele der aktuellen Definitionen von Multimorbidität sind unscharf. Eine Hierarchisierung der einzelnen Erkrankungen erscheint essenziell. Erkrankungen gruppieren sich häufig in Krankheitsclustern.
Grenzen evidenzbasierter Medizin bei Multimorbidität Die komplexen Bedürfnisse multimorbider Patienten werden mit dem vorherrschenden Ein-Erkrankungsansatz nicht ausreichend adressiert. Entscheidungsdilemmata aufgrund widersprüchlicher Behandlungsstrategien von Leitlinien gehören zu den alltäglichen Herausforderungen von Ärzten.
Aktuelle und zukünftige Lösungsansätze Eine gute Behandlung von multimorbiden Patienten erfordert Zeit, Kommunikation und eine auf die Bedürfnisse und Präferenzen der Patienten angepasste Entscheidungsfindung. Zusätzlich ist eine Koordinierung der Behandlung interdisziplinär und sektorenübergreifend zwingend erforderlich. Klinische Studien und Leitlinien müssen so konzipiert werden, dass ältere Menschen mit für sie relevanten Outcomes abgebildet werden. Ohne eine Stratifizierung nach Risiko und anschließend gezielter und strukturierter Erhebung mithilfe eines geriatrischen Assessments kann dieser integrative Ansatz nicht gelingen. Ziel muss sein, operationelle Hilfen und Integration der vorhandenen Leitlinien zu schaffen. Mit dem Forschungsgebiet der „Geroscience“ ergeben sich zukünftig neue Behandlungsansätze der Multimorbidität.
A 2–4 keV multilayer mirrored channel for the NIF Dante system
Authors: Rubery M. S. , Ose N. , Schneider M. , Moore A. S. , Carrera J. , Mariscal E. , Ayers J. , Bell P. , Mackinnon A. , Bradley D. , Landen O. L. , Thompson N. , Carpenter A. , Winters S. , Ehrlich B. , Sarginson T. , Rendon A. , Liebman J. , Johnson K. , Merril D. , Grant G. , Shingleton N. , Taylor A. , Ruchonnet G. , Stanley J. , Cohen M. , Kohut T. , Issavi R. , Norris J. , Wright J. , Stevers J. , Masters N. , Latray D. , Kilkenny J. , Stolte W. C. , Conlon C. S. , Troussel Ph. , Villette B. , Emprin B. , Wrobel R. , Lejars A. , Chaleil A. , Bridou F. , Delmotte F. 
Published: November 2022

During inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a capsule filled with deuterium and tritium (DT) gas, surrounded by a DT ice layer and a high-density carbon ablator, is driven to the temperature and densities required to initiate fusion. In the indirect method, 2 MJ of NIF laser light heats the inside of a gold hohlraum to a radiation temperature of 300 eV; thermal x rays from the hohlraum interior couple to the capsule and create a central hotspot at tens of millions degrees Kelvin and a density of 100–200 g/cm3. During the laser interaction with the gold wall, m-band x rays are produced at ∼2.5 keV; these can penetrate into the capsule and preheat the ablator and DT fuel. Preheat can impact instability growth rates in the ablation front and at the fuel–ablator interface. Monitoring the hohlraum x-ray spectrum throughout the implosion is, therefore, critical; for this purpose, a Multilayer Mirror (MLM) with flat response in the 2–4 keV range has been installed in the NIF 37° Dante calorimeter. Precision engineering and x-ray calibration of components mean the channel will report 2–4 keV spectral power with an uncertainty of ±8.7%.
Catalan sociolinguistics
Authors: Pradilla Cardona Miquel Àngel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Almost five decades after its foundation, Catalan sociolinguistics is a vigorous discipline. It should be said, however, that the magnitude of the research carried out reveals a knowledge area with extremely vague limits. On the whole, Catalan sociolinguistics still presents a clearly sociological bias. The sociology of language is still the object of most of the scientific output by a critical mass of researchers who largely insist on empathising with the communicative viability of Catalan. Of course, the initial militancy following its foundation has been toned down, but even so, controversial approaches persist.
Despite the emphasis I have given to the section on macrosociology, Catalan sociolinguistics has also been active in the fields of variationism, the ethnography of communication and, in particular, pragmatics. The contributions made by microsociolinguistics show that Catalan sociolinguistics is a multidimensional entity with an ever-increasing diversity of interests.
Linguistic ecology
Authors: Comellas Casanova Pere 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In Catalan sociolinguistics, ecolinguistics emerged early on and has recently undergone considerable development. The article briefly reexamines the history of this sphere of linguistics and the main areas of interest stemming from it. These areas are based on the adaptation of the epistemological model of ecology to sociolinguistics, with the adoption of concepts such as ecosystem or emergency and with a criticism of mechanical and analytical conceptions, being replaced by a holistic perspective. They are also based on the acceptance of certain proposals from ecology such as conservation and diversophilia. Finally, other areas are mentioned, such as catastrophe theory or ecological analogy in discourse analysis.
Legitimation in revolutionary discourse
Authors: Ganaah John , Nartey Mark , Bhatia Aditi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes the legitimation strategies used by Jerry John Rawlings, a Ghanaian revolutionary leader, to
license his revolutionary actions, including political enemy executions and a crackdown on corrupt practices. It adapts and
extends van Leeuwen’s legitimation framework by demonstrating how Rawlings exploited historical memory and the notion of sacrifice
in conjunction with the strategies of authorization, rationalization and moralization to formulate his revolutionary rhetoric. The
analysis reveals that the legitimation strategies enabled Rawlings to project a patriot-cum-nationalist identity as well as
construct himself as a noble revolutionary mandated by the people of Ghana to represent their interests, protect them from
evildoers and lead the process of social transformation. The study illustrates the persuasive power of revolutionary discourses in
terms of how they function ideologically in the message they communicate (or exaggerate) and conceal.
Physical effects of gravitational waves: pedagogical examples
Authors: Motohashi Hayato , Suyama Teruaki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
General relativity describes gravitation in terms of the geometry of spacetime. It predicts the existence of gravitational waves (GWs) that stretch and compress spacetime and were detected recently by state-of-the-art interferometer observations. Yet, for those who are not familiar with general relativity, it may be difficult to understand how the GWs actually stretch and compress spacetime. In this paper, after reviewing the fact that the effects of GWs can be understood as a force in Newtonian mechanics, we consider extreme and readily perceivable situations where large-amplitude GWs pass through the human body and the Earth, and demonstrate that GWs cause phenomena that commonly occur in daily life by back-of-the-envelope calculations. Our analysis provides intellectual and pedagogical materials for understanding the nature of GWs for nonexperts in general relativity.
An inelastic neutron scattering investigation of holmium orthoferrite
Authors: Stewart G A , Iles G N , Mole R A , Yamani Z 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The inelastic neutron scattering spectra recorded in this study and elsewhere provide a useful set of crystal-field (CF) energy levels for the ground J = 6 term of Ho3+ in HoFeO3. The resolution of the low-energy, temperature-dependent pseudo-quadrupole ground state splitting and magnon peaks is consistent with the self-ordering of the Ho3+ sublattice at T
Ho ∼ 8–10 K and supports earlier electron spin resonance investigations of the Ho3+ magnon behaviour. Systematic analysis of the grouped singlet CF levels of Ho3: HoFeO3, in conjunction with the CF Kramers doublet levels of the neighbouring Er3+: ErFeO3, has yielded possible sets of CF parameters for the two systems.
Dicarbon nitride and Janus transition metal chalcogenides van der Waals heterojunctions for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Yan Su , Chen Weiguang , Xiong Wen , Yang Liang , Luo Ronghui , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional graphene-like dicarbon nitride (C2N) is a newly synthesized metal-free material, which has attracted significant research interest owing to the direct band gap, high carrier mobility, thermal stability, and great tunable properties. However, their application in photocatalytic water splitting has not been well explored. In this work, the properties of photocatalytic water decomposition in heterojunctions composed of C2N and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with Janus structure MoXY (X, Y = S, Se, Te) are systematically studied by the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The results show that except for MoTeS/C2N, the other five heterojunctions have type-II band alignment, which causes electrons and holes to gather in the C2N and MoXY layer separately. Because the coupled built-in electric field at the intra-layer and inter-layer of asymmetric TMDs with Janus structure forms van der Waals heterojunction, the external electric field is an effective means of modulating the electronic properties of the heterojunction. Under the imposition of an external electric field, the MoSeS/C2N, MoTeSe/C2N, and MoTeS/C2N heterojunctions meet the band edge requirements for the photocatalytic decomposition of water. Detailed analysis demonstrates that the MoSeS/C2N heterojunction could effectively improve the optical absorption properties of monolayer C2N, making it a potential photocatalytic water decomposition material.
Combined radiation burn injuries: A note
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kumar , Prasad Ayushi , Kalonia Aman , Shaw Priyanka , Kumar Rishav , Shukla Sandeep Kumar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Combined radiation injury occurs when radiation is accompanied by any other form of trauma. The past experiences of Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Chernobyl have revealed that a large number of victims of such nuclear accidents or attacks suffer from combined radiation injuries. The possibility of a nuclear attack seems very far-fetched, but the destruction that would occur in such an event would be massive, with a huge lossof lives. Therefore, preparedness for the same should be done beforehand. The severity of combined radiation depends upon various factors, such as radiation dose, type, tissues affected, and traumas. The article focuses on combined radiation burn injury (CRBI) which may arise due to the combination of ionising radiation with thermal burns. CRBI can have varied effects on different organs like the hematopoietic, digestive, lymphatic, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Some of the most profound lethal effects are hematopoietic dysfunction, gastrointestinal leakage, bacterial translocation to other organ sites, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonitis. In this article, we have attempted to accumulate the knowledge of ongoing research on the functioning of different organ systems, which are affected due to CRBI and possible countermeasures to minimize the effects, thus improving survival.
A planetary gearbox fault diagnosis method based on time-series imaging feature fusion and a transformer model
Authors: Wu Rui , Liu Chao , Han Te , Yao Jiachi , Jiang Dongxiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As a crucial component in the transmission system, a planetary gearbox has a relatively complicated structure and usually operates under complex working conditions and a severe noisy environment, making it challenging to achieve precise and efficient fault diagnosis. Along with the development of artificial intelligence techniques, end-to-end fault diagnosis frameworks have been widely studied, among which convolutional and recurrent neural networks are the mainstream backbone networks. However, these networks have shortcomings in computational efficiency and feature extraction, which lead to the application of a self-attention mechanism. This paper presents a fault diagnosis method based on frequency domain Gramian angular field (GAF) and Markov transition field (MTF) features for planetary gearboxes by combining the characteristics of vibration signal fault diagnosis and transformer network structure. The experiments show that the frequency domain GAF-MTF features can effectively reduce the influence of time shifting between samples and improve diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, comparisons with other mainstream models indicate that the proposed method can obtain competitive results and achieve more accurate and robust performance under noisy conditions.
Zero surface tension limit of the free-boundary problem in incompressible magnetohydrodynamics*
Authors: Gu Xumin , Luo Chenyun , Zhang Junyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We show that the solution of the free-boundary incompressible ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with surface tension converges to that of the free-boundary incompressible ideal MHD equations without surface tension given the Rayleigh–Taylor sign condition holds initially. This result is a continuation of the authors’ previous works (Gu et al 2020 arXiv:2105.00596; Gu and Wang 2019 J. Math. Pures Appl.
128 1–41; Luo and Zhang 2021 SIAM J. Math. Anal.
53 2595–630). Our proof is based on the combination of the techniques developed in our previous works (Gu et al 2020 arXiv:2105.00596; Gu and Wang 2019 J. Math. Pures Appl.
128 1–41; Luo and Zhang 2021 SIAM J. Math. Anal.
53 2595–630), Alinhac good unknowns, and a crucial anti-symmetric structure on the boundary.
Theory of sleep/wake cycles affecting brain elastography
Authors: Ge Gary R , Song Wei , Nedergaard Maiken , Rolland Jannick P , Parker Kevin J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As elastography of the brain finds increasing clinical applications, fundamental questions remain about baseline viscoelastic properties of the brain in vivo. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of how and why elastographic measures can change over time are still not well understood. To study these issues, reverberant shear wave elastography using an optical coherence tomography scanner is implemented on a mouse model, both under awake conditions and in a sleep state where there are known changes in the glymphatic fluid flow system in the brain. We find that shear wave speed, a measure of stiffness, changes by approximately 12% between the two states, sleep versus awake, in the entire cortical brain imaging volume. Our microchannel flow model of biphasic (fluid plus solid) tissue provides a plausible rheological model based on the fractal branching vascular and perivascular system, plus a second parallel system representing the finer scale glymphatic fluid microchannels. By adjusting the glymphatic system fluid volume proportional to the known sleep/wake changes, we are able to approximately predict the measured shear wave speeds and their change with the state of the glymphatic system. The advantages of this model are that its main parameters are derived from anatomical measures and are linked to other major derivations of branching fluid structures including Murray’s Law. The implications for clinical studies are that elastography of the brain is strongly influenced by the regulation or dysregulation of the vascular, perivascular, and glymphatic systems.
Review of magnetic islands from the divertor perspective and a simplified heat transport model for the island divertor
Authors: Feng Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Magnetic islands in toroidal confinement devices are reviewed from the viewpoint of their divertor potential. Divertor-relevant geometric parameters are derived analytically, and the relationships among them are revealed. We explain how the island geometry limits the target length and demonstrate the importance of an appropriate numerical tool to minimize the risk of thermal overload of plasma-facing components in the divertor design. The currently available three-dimensional (3D) models are briefly discussed, and their strengths and weaknesses are evaluated. The highlight will be the introduction of a new energy transport model recently developed within the framework of the EMC3 code (Feng et al 2004 Contrib. Plasma Phys.
44 57)—the so-called EMC3-Lite version—primarily for the design and optimization of 3D divertors involving thermal overload concerns. While still undergoing experimental validation with the current graphite divertor of W7-X, it is already being used to develop a subsequent tungsten divertor for W7-X.
Differential triboelectric nanogenerator for transmission line vibration suppression and energy harvesting in the grid
Authors: Tan Yisong , Cao Yubao , Tong Xunwei , Wang Yuqi , Li Xiang , Ren Limin , Cheng Tinghai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The large vibration of the transmission line caused by wind and ice has brought about significant damage to the grid. The transmission line maintenance has a huge demand on energy supply. Therefore, a differential triboelectric nanogenerator (Di-TENG) for suppressing line vibration and energy harvesting is proposed, designed, analyzed and tested. The Di-TENG mainly consists of two fixed pulleys, two flexible steel cables, two pull springs, one generator unit and two guide rails. A model of the line covered with ice is established and theoretical analysis of the transmission line vibration suppression is implemented. The energy harvesting performance of the Di-TENG is also investigated. An energy harvesting performance testing platform and a transmission line oscillation system were built in the laboratory environment. A practical experiment was conducted on a real transmission line system. The experimental results show that the Di-TENG can decrease the vibration of an ice-covered transmission line by up to 28%. The Di-TENG can generate an open-circuit voltage of 180 V, a short-circuit current of 6.6 μA and a transfer charge of 73 nC, and a peak power of 0.73 mW. This study demonstrates the potential application of the Di-TENG for vibration suppression and energy harvesting in the grid. The Di-TENG provides new ideas for self-powered systems based on transmission lines.