bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0023 Screen Time and Insomnia Symptoms in University Students
Authors: Hodges Nicholas , Zhou Eric , Trevorrow Tracy , Dietch Jessica 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Prior research has demonstrated a relationship between screen time and sleep health, but more work is needed to understand the potential impact of reason for screen time and timing (i.e., weekend vs. weekday). This study aimed to determine whether screen time, and reason for use, was associated with insomnia symptoms in a sample of university students during the school term. Further, we sought to determine whether effects differed by weekend/weekday.

Methods
Participants were 767 enrolled students from two universities (age x̄=20.94 [SD=5.25]; 74% women). Insomnia symptoms were assessed with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); screen time was a self-report of average daily screen time for a variety of purposes (productivity, social media, streaming media, browsing the internet, or video games) on weekdays/workdays and weekends/off days.

Results
A total of 16.4% of the sample had insomnia symptoms in the clinical range (ISI x̄=9.1 [SD=5.3]). Participants reported 10.0 hours (SD=4.5) of screen time per day on weekdays and 10.8 hours (SD=5.2) per day on weekends. During the week, the most screen time (44%; x̄=4.4 [SD=2.6] hours/day) was spent on productivity (work or school). On weekends, the most screen time (30%; x̄=3.3 [SD=2.1] hours/day) was spent on streaming media. More screen time on the weekends was associated with greater insomnia symptoms (r=.10, p=.004), but not during the week (r=.05, p=.185). Regression analyses indicated weekend screen time accounted for 2% of the variance in insomnia symptoms, and this relationship was driven by screen time for productivity (beta=.09, p=.017) and video games (beta=.09, p=.019).

Conclusion
Among university students, self-reported screen time during the week was not associated with elevated insomnia symptoms. Weekend screen time, particularly for the purpose of productivity and video games, was associated with elevated insomnia symptoms though the effect was small. Although screen time is often highlighted as a key contributor to poor sleep health, this impact was minimal in the current study. Future work should continue to examine whether different motivations for screen time is associated with various facets of sleep health, and delineate these associations by weekend vs. weekday.

Support (If Any)
None
0026 Targeted genome sequencing identifies multiple rare variants in Caveolin-1 associated with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Wang Heming , Liang Jingjing , Cade Brian , Kurniansyah Nuzulul , Sofer Tamar , Redline Susan , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and premature mortality. There is strong clinical and epidemiologic evidence supporting the importance of genetic factors influencing OSA, but limited data implicating specific genes.

Methods
Leveraging high depth genomic sequencing data from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program and imputed genotype data from multiple population-based studies, we performed linkage analysis in the Cleveland Family Study followed by multi-stage gene-based association analyses in independent cohorts to search for rare variants contributing to OSA severity as assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in a total of 7,708 European-Americans.

Results
We identified 21 non-coding rare variants in Caveolin-1 (CAV1) associated with lower AHI after accounting for multiple comparisons (P = 7.4×10-8). These non-coding variants together significantly contributed to the linkage evidence. Follow-up analysis revealed significant associations between increased CAV1 expression with lower AHI (P=0.024) and higher minimum overnight oxygen saturation (P=0.007).

Conclusion
Caveolin-1 is a membrane scaffolding protein that is essential in the formation of plasma membrane lipid rafts and mediates cholesterol trafficking; regulates several signaling molecules including transforming growth factor β (TGF-beta), Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); with mutations implicated in disorders associated with OSA: pulmonary hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, endothelial and cardiac dysfunction, and inflammation. Our results indicate that caveolin-1 also plays a significant role in OSA, with rare variants and higher CAV1 expression associated with lower AHI.

Support (If Any)
R35HL135818, R01HG011052, R01HL153814
0033 Dysregulated sleep and NREM sleep electroencephalogram delta power induced by intermittent hypoxia exposure are attenuated in NLRP3 knockout mice
Authors: Zielinski Mark , Strecker Robert , McKenna James , McNally James , Cade Brian , Redline Susan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine rich family pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome protein complex activates caspase-1 to convert the pro-forms of IL-18 and IL-1 beta (IL-1β) into their active forms and is involved in homeostatic sleep and sleep responses to pathogenic stimuli. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and both IL-18 receptors are associated with SDB in humans. Thus, we hypothesized that NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved in SDB-related sleep disturbances.

Methods
Sleep architecture was assessed by polysomnography in NLRP3 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice (N = 8 per group). A gas exchange mixer delivered house air serving as a control or chronic IH that involved 90 second episodic oxygen reductions that consisted of ambient oxygen (21%) with brief hypoxic conditions (~10%) that lasted for 3 seconds for the first 10 h of the light period for 5 consecutive days. Gene expression and protein levels in the brain and lungs were assayed using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively.

Results
In WT mice, significant increased non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep amounts and NREM sleep electroencephalogram delta power (0.5-4 Hz) were found after 1 day of IH compared to control conditions (p &lt; 0.001). After 5 days of IH, WT mice showed a significant attenuation in NREM sleep amounts and NREM sleep delta power (p &lt; 0.001) and increased wake bout frequency (p = 0.006) when compared to control conditions. However, the IH-induced NREM sleep and NREM sleep delta power enhancements and reductions were attenuated (21-35%) in NLRP3 KO mice compared to WT mice. In WT mice, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 gene expression, IL-1β and IL-18 protein levels, and caspase-1 activity were significantly increased in the somatosensory cortices, NTS, and lungs after both 1 and 5 days of IH when compared to control conditions (p &lt; 0.05 for all), although NLRP3 KO mice did not exhibit significant differences in molecules downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that altered NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to dysregulated sleep occurring from IH and likely is involved in sleep disturbances in SDB.

Support (If Any)
VA Career Development Aware IBX002823, VA Merit BX004500, NIH/NIMH 1R21MH125242, NIH/NHLBI R03 HL154284, and NIH/NHLBI R35 HL135818. JTM received partial salary compensation and funding from Merck Investigator Sponsored Programs but has no conflict of interest with this work.
0038 Acute Blue Light Exposure Increases Activation in the Pulvinar Nucleus
Authors: Reign Deva , Dailey Natalie , King Rylee , Grandner Michael , Alkozei Anna , Killgore William 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Blue-wavelength light can produce phase-shifts in the circadian rhythm. We have previously shown that morning blue light exposure was associated with advanced onset of sleep time and diminished daytime sleepiness. These changes were associated with increased gray matter volume in the left pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, a key hub of the visual attention network. However, very little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these light activations. We hypothesized that the pulvinar may be affected more by the acute activating effects of light rather than its effects on melatonin. Therefore, we exposed individuals to blue or amber light while undergoing functional neuroimaging at a time of day when melatonin levels are almost non-existent.

Methods
Twenty-six healthy individuals (15 male; 11 female; age=24.27, SD=6.27) completed a counterbalanced cross-over study involving two 3T functional MRI sessions separated by one week. During scanning, participants were acutely exposed to either continuous blue light (470 nm; active condition) or amber light (580 nm; placebo) while completing an N-Back working memory task. We contrasted the 2-back versus the 0-back condition and compared the blue and amber sessions using a paired t-test in SPM12.

Results
Acute blue light (versus amber placebo) during a working memory task was associated with significantly greater activation (p&lt;.05) within the left pulvinar nucleus (k=47 voxels; MNI: x=-14, y=-34, z=8), a region nearly identical to that found in our previous work where we found increased volume with six-weeks of daily blue light exposure. Salivary melatonin levels were unchanged by either light condition.

Conclusion
Acute exposure to blue-wavelength light (versus amber placebo light) activated a key region of the visual attention network that was previously demonstrated to be enlarged by 6-weeks of daily morning blue light exposure. As melatonin levels remained unchanged by the light in this study, the findings point to an underlying neural mechanism that may lead specifically to activation of the pulvinar, which over time may enhance gray matter volume of that structure. These findings suggest a concordance of functional and structural changes induced by blue light exposure, which have been associated with shifts in sleep and circadian rhythms.

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0042 COVID-19 related distress and sleep among trauma-exposed South Asians: Does generational status matter?
Authors: Almeida Isamar , Slavish Danica , Rafiuddin Hanan , Contractor Ateka 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in substantial changes in social interactions, work schedules, and socioeconomic factors that may negatively impact sleep onset, maintenance, and quality. The ongoing stress of the pandemic also may exacerbate existing racial/ethnic disparities in sleep health. In this study, we examined the effects of COVID-19 related distress on sleep-related impairment and sleep disturbances among trauma-exposed South Asian adults. Since a health advantage among foreign-born individuals has been previously noted in the literature (the “immigrant paradox”), we also assessed whether generational status (i.e., being born in the U.S. or not) moderated associations between COVID-19 related distress and sleep outcomes.

Methods
Participants were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and completed online surveys on demographic information, the COVID-19 Stress Scale, The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), and PROMIS™ Sleep-Related Impairment and Sleep Disturbances Scale. The final sample included 316 South Asian adults residing in the U.S, who had been exposed to a traumatic event at some point in their lifetime. Most participants were male (55%) and U.S.-born citizens (64%), with an average age of 35.32 (SD = 9.52) years.

Results
Examination of t-scores for PROMIS™ sleep-related and sleep disturbances revealed that our sample endorsed slightly higher values than the general U.S. population. Greater COVID-19 distress was associated with more sleep disturbances (b = 0.09, p &lt; .001, sr2 = .04) and sleep-related impairment (b = 0.20, p &lt; .001, sr2 = .12). Generational status was not associated with sleep, nor did it modify associations between COVID-19 distress and sleep.

Conclusion
In our sample, we found that psychological distress triggered by the pandemic (e.g., fear of contamination, fear of the dangerousness of the virus, socioeconomic worries) was associated with greater sleep difficulties. Our findings highlight the importance of developing targeted interventions to cope with stress and sleep disturbances during the pandemic, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as those exposed to trauma. Our results did not support the immigration paradox: stress and sleep associations were similar regardless of generational status. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of generational status on sleep across different immigrant subgroups.

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0043 Job Loss, Financial Hardship, and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Differences by Sex/Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Gaston Symielle , Alhasan Dana , Strassle Paula , Stewart Anita , Pérez-Stable Eliseo Eliseo J , Nápoles Anna , Jackson Chandra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
In the United States (US), health and financial consequences of COVID-19 have disproportionately impacted minoritized groups. Yet, few US studies have investigated COVID-related financial loss/consequences and sleep health disparities.

Methods
To investigate differences by sex/gender and race/ethnicity in cross-sectional associations between both job/business loss and substantial financial hardship (SFH) with sleep health, we used data collected from 12/2020 to 2/2021 among 4,726 men and women in the nationally representative COVID-19 Unequal Racial Burden (CURB) Study (N=5,500 American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latino, Multiracial, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), and non-Hispanic (NH)-White adults). Participants reported job/business loss since the start of the pandemic (yes, no) and SFH (e.g., unable to pay for housing costs). Poor sleep health was defined as concurrence of self-reported fair/poor sleep quality, non-restorative sleep, sleep problems, and difficulty falling asleep in the past week. Adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics and receipt of financial assistance, weighted Poisson regression with robust variance estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for poor sleep overall, by sex/gender, and by race/ethnicity.

Results
Men and women equally reported both job/business loss (20%) and SFH (11% men and 12% women). Minoritized racial/ethnic groups except Asians most frequently reported job/business loss (20%-25% vs. 16% Asian, 13% NH-White) and SFH (11%-15% vs. 9% NH-White, 5% Asian). Poor sleep health was more prevalent among women (21%) than men (14%) and among AI/AN, NH/PI, and Multiracial adults (each 22% vs. 11%-19% remaining racial/ethnic groups). Both job/business loss and SFH were associated with a higher prevalence of poor sleep health, overall. Compared to women, men had stronger associations for both job/business loss (PRmen=1.80 [95% CI:1.39,2.33], PRwomen=1.23 [1.01,1.50]; pinteraction=0.01) and SFH (PRmen=4.46 [3.18,6.26]), PRwomen= 1.82 [1.45,2.30]; pinteraction=0.01). For job/business loss, associations were strongest among Asians (PR=2.07 [1.32,3.23] vs. PR range=0.88-1.89; pinteraction=0.09).

Conclusion
COVID-19 related job/business loss and financial hardship were both associated with poorer sleep health, and associations for job/business loss were strongest among men and Asian adults.

Support (If Any)
Divisions of Intramural Research: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z1AES103325[CLJ]) and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute on Aging, NIH (P30 AG015272[ALS])
0048 The Association Between Sleep Health and Work- and Health-Related Quality of Life in Desk Workers and Differences in Associations Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Emergence
Authors: Sanders Rachel , Vogan Olivia , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Egeler Mara , Kubala Andrew , Cheruka Caitlin , Paley Joshua , Patel Sanjay , Hall Martica , Perera Subashan , Jakicic John , Kline Christopher 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
COVID-19 resulted in many office workers switching to remote work. Emerging studies report working from home has negatively affected sleep health (SH) and psychological well-being. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between SH and health- and work-related quality of life and explore whether these associations differed pre- and post-COVID-19 emergence.

Methods
Baseline data from 125 adults enrolled pre- (n=59) and post-COVID-19 emergence (n=66) in a clinical trial with desk jobs were included in this analysis (86.4% White; 49.6% female; 43.9±10.7 y). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire, which addresses eight health concepts (physical, social, and role functioning; mental health; health perceptions; energy or fatigue; pain; general health) and yields 2 summary scales (mental component summary, physical component summary). Workplace productivity and worker health was measured using the Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ). Six SH dimensions were assessed using questionnaires (satisfaction, alertness) and 7 nights of actigraphy (regularity, timing, efficiency, duration). Each dimension was categorized as “good” or “poor”; a composite score was created based on the sum of good SH dimensions. Multiple linear regression models were adjusted for gender and age and stratified by enrollment pre- or post-COVID-19 emergence. Data are presented as standardized coefficients (β) and p-values (p).

Results
Compared to participants enrolled prior to COVID-19, those enrolled post-COVID-19 had worse SF-36 emotional, social, and general health and greater HWQ-assessed impatience (all p&lt;0.05); however, SH did not differ between those enrolled pre- and post-COVID. Prior to COVID-19, greater SH was associated with higher SF-36 physical component scores (β=.389, p=.003); however, no association was observed post-COVID (β=.137, p=.271). In contrast, no association was observed pre-COVID between SH and SF-36 mental component scores (β=.181, p=.160), but greater SH was associated with greater mental component scores post-COVID (β =.308, p=.004). Furthermore, better SH was associated with lower stress post-COVID (β =-.423, p&lt;.001).

Conclusion
SH was associated with HRQoL and workplace and worker health, though these associations sometimes differed between pre- and post-COVID emergence. Research should explore whether promoting SH in employees impacts their personal and workplace-related quality of life.

Support (If Any)
This study was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL134809 and R01HL147610.
0070 A Mexican Spanish Version of the Brief Index of Sleep Control
Authors: Begay Tommy , Valencia Dora , Granados Karla , Delgadillo Marcos , Ghani Sadia , Molina Patricia , Alfonso-Miller Pamela , Wills Chloe , Grandner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The Brief Index of Sleep Control (BRISC) is a 4-item assessment of the degree to which an individual perceives that they are in control of their sleep. Previous work shows that this measure may be useful for sleep health promotion efforts. The present study describes an attempt to develop a version of this measure in Spanish, particularly for individuals of Mexican descent.

Methods
Data were collected from a sample of N=100 individuals of Mexican Descent in Nogales, Arizona, located at the US-Mexico border. The BRISC is a 4-item scale that quantifies the degree to which an individual perceives that their sleep is under their control, assessing perceived control over time to bed, time out of bed, total sleep time, and sleep quality. To translate the measure into Spanish, the following procedure was followed: (1) a bilingual study team member performed an initial translation; (2) a bilingual community member edited the translation; (3) a certified medical translator edited the revision; (4) a focus group of N=5 bilingual community members made contextual edits; (5) a back-translation was performed; (6) an additional bilingual focus group examined the final version for compatibility; and (7) the medical translator certified the accuracy of the final version. T-tests examined differences between those who completed the measure in Mexican Spanish vs English.

Results
Of the N=100 survey respondents, N=42 completed the BRISC in Spanish. No significant differences were seen in overall scores between those who completed the measure in English or Spanish (p=0.69). In addition, no differences were seen for individual items regarding time to bed (p=0.30), wake time (p=0.77), total sleep time (p=0.58), or sleep quality (p=0.98).

Conclusion
Data collection instruments be linguistically and culturally appropriate to the study population. This version of the BRISC was adapted to Mexican Spanish for use in future studies.

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0074 Neighborhood-Level Sleep Health and Childhood Opportunity Index at the Census Tract Level: Comparison to Other Health Indicators
Authors: Gorovoy Suzanne , Phan Sydney , Begay Tommy , Valencia Dora , Hale Lauren , Killgore William , Wills Chloe , Grandner Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Promoting sleep health at the neighborhood level may be an efficient way to promote overall health and well-being. This study examined the relative contribution of sleep health, versus other regional health metrics.

Methods
Neighborhood sleep health values were obtained from the “500 Cities” data collected by the CDC, which includes census tract and proportion that report values associated with health. Data include the population of each census tract as well as census-estimated proportion of the population in each census tract that report obtaining at least 7 hours of sleep. Other health indicators evaluated included access to health insurance, past-year routine medical or dental checkup, older adult preventive care, leisure-time activity, mammography, pap testing, and prevalence of arthritis, binge drinking, hypertension, antihypertensive use, cancer, asthma, coronary disease, cholesterol screening, colon screening, COPD, smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, kidney disease, poor mental and physical health, obesity, stroke, and teeth lost. The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a publicly-available index (DiversityDataKids.org) reported at the census tract level. It provides indices for “Education,” “Health and Environment,” and “Social and Economic” domains, as well as a global score. The present analysis merged the 500 Cities data with the COI data, using census tract as the matching variable. When data were merged, 27,130 census tracts were included.

Results
In stepwise analyses adjusted for population size, with global COI as the dependent variable, sleep health emerged as the strongest predictor, accounting for 57.2% of the variance of global COI (p&lt;0.0001). When all other health predictors were included in the model, the next largest contributors were teeth lost (additional 15.5%), health insurance (additional 3.0%), and asthma (additional 1.4%). Similarly, when stepwise analyses examined each component of COI as dependent variable, sleep health consistently emerged as the most substantial predictor, accounting for 41.2%, 24.3%, and 56.4% of the variance of “Education,” “Health and Environment,” and “Social and Economic” scores, respectively (all p&lt;0.0001).

Conclusion
Sleep health is more strongly associated with overall COI (and all its components) than any other regional health metric. Public health efforts targeting sleep health may have disproportionately beneficial impact on factors that support family health and well-being.

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