bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of power conversion limitation factors of Cu (InxGa1−x) (Se)2 thin-film solar cells using SCAPS
Authors: Baniyounis Mohammed J. , Mohammed Wagah F. , Abuhashhash Ramy T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhile the first generation of silicon solar cells offers a clean and unlimited energy source, the technology has matured where costs dominate, and the theoretical power conversion efficiency is reaching its limits. The new generation of thin-film solar cells is emerging as an affordable alternative to their bulky counterparts. The technology offers a much cheaper method to quickly fabricate solar cells that use less material with good optical and electronic properties on a wide range of substrates, including flexible materials. In particular, Cu (InxGa1−x) (Se)2 thin-film solar cells are investigated using SCAPS simulation to study the impact of series resistance and doping levels of different layers of the cell structure on the short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and fill factor. It was found that an increase in the series resistance of the solar cell layers results in a decrease in the power conversion efficiency with a dependency on light intensities. In addition, the doping level in the absorber and buffer layers plays a significant role in controlling the solar cell’s power conversion efficiency and fill factor values with maximum values when acceptor doping levels are approximately equal to donor doping levels.
Compliance of National TDM Rules with International Copyright Law: An Overrated Nonissue?
Authors: Senftleben Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeeking to devise an adequate regulatory framework for text and data mining (TDM), countries around the globe have adopted different approaches. While considerable room for TDM can follow from the application of fair use provisions (US) and broad statutory exemptions (Japan), countries in the EU rely on a more restrictive regulation that is based on specific copyright exceptions. Surveying this spectrum of existing approaches, lawmakers in countries seeking to devise an appropriate TDM regime may wonder whether the adoption of a restrictive approach is necessary in the light of international copyright law. In particular, they may feel obliged to ensure compliance with the three-step test laid down in Art. 9(2) of the Berne Convention, Art. 13 of the TRIPS Agreement and Art. 10 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Against this background, the analysis raises the question whether international copyright law covers TDM activities at all. TDM does not concern a traditional category of use that could have been contemplated at the diplomatic conferences leading to the current texts of the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaty. It is an automated, analytical type of use that does not affect the expressive core of literary and artistic works. Arguably, TDM constitutes a new category of copying that falls outside the scope of international copyright harmonization altogether.
Harmonisation of National Leniency Programmes in the EU: Is This Mission Accomplished? Remarks on the Case of France and Poland Compared with Other EU Member States
Authors: Korycińska-Rządca Paulina , Mendoza-Caminade Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe article critically discusses the requirements of the ECN+ Directive with regard to leniency programmes and whether the goal of this Directive – inter alia to eliminate discrepancies between national leniency programmes – has been achieved. The authors: (1) analyse in this respect the ECN+ Directive as well as the legal framework in EU Member States, focusing especially on France and Poland, but making reference also to selected other EU Member States, and (2) compare how these issues are regulated in those national legal orders to the standard required by the ECN+ Directive. The aim of this publication is to determine any potential differences in the approach taken by national legislators. The article also identifies certain shortcomings in the ECN+ Directive and national legal orders in the area under discussion and suggests amendments that could boost national leniency programmes. This research is based mainly on the dogmatic and comparative methods of analysis.
The influence of front-of-pack nutritional labels on eating and purchasing behaviors: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Penzavecchia Claudia , Todisco Patrizia , Muzzioli Luca , Poli Andrea , Marangoni Franca , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Giusti Anna Maria , Lenzi Andrea , Pinto Alessandro , Donini Lorenzo Maria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Front-of-Pack Nutritional Labels are considered a useful tool to help consumers orient themselves in their food choices and direct their behavior toward a healthier diet. FOPNL development and use are part of a framework that includes cognitive, biological, hedonic and cultural aspects, able to affect consumers' eating and purchasing behavior.

Aim
Given the complexity of the matter, the aim of this narrative review is to analyze the combination of different factors that drive food choices and eating behaviors and to highlight some aspects that are not fully studied.

Methods
The authors conducted the research using a top-down approach at first, followed by a bottom-up approach; starting with general considerations about the purchasing process, gradually narrowing the discussion to a specific sub-population, and finally extending the discussion back to more general reasonings about the direction to adopt in future, or at least to evaluate, for effective communication.

Results
Biases and attitudes toward food products were found to regularly interfere with buying behavior patterns, making it impossible to standardize an average consumer. This reflects in current research, increasing the complexity of the topic. All determinants influencing food choices are often assessed individually rather than in a synergistic and multidimensional context, while the purchasing scenario is characterized by multiple stimuli to which the consumer is subjected. FOPNLs’ impact on perceived healthiness has been studied in different conditions, but some population subgroups have not been sufficiently represented. In particular, the effect of FOPNLs on consumers suffering from eating disorders is understudied and needs further attention. Furthermore, some approaches can be compared to “negative nutrition” or “loss-framed communication”, putting nutrients out of context, emphasizing losses more than gains and risking promoting negative feelings in consumers.

Conclusion
Due to the heterogeneity of studies, evidence on what works best in driving people to adopt lasting lifestyle changes is still mixed. Science communicators and policymakers should consider the possibility that a multi-component approach incorporating nutrition information and education may be a key strategy to promote consumers’ self-consciousness and to support them in their cognitive efforts toward a healthy and sustainable diet.

Level of evidence
Level V, narrative review.
Stigmatising and Racialising COVID-19: Asian People’s Experience in New Zealand
Authors: Liu Liangni Sally , Jia Xiaoyun , Zhu Andrew , Ran Guanyu Jason , Siegert Richard , French Nigel , Johnston David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Asian community — the second largest non-European ethnic community in New Zealand — plays an important role in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic, evidenced by their active advocation for border control and mass masking. Despite the long history of racial discrimination against the Asian population, the Asian community has experienced certain degrees of racial discrimination associated with the stigmatisation as the cause of the COVID-19 outbreak in New Zealand. Based on data from a quantitative online survey with 402 valid responses within the Asian communities across New Zealand and the in-depth interviews with 19 Asian people in Auckland, New Zealand, this paper will illustrate Asian people’s experience of racial discrimination and stigmatisation during the pandemic in the country. The survey shows that since the outbreak of COVID-19, under a quarter of the participants reported experiencing discrimination, and a third reported knowing an immediate contact who had experienced discrimination. However, when looking beyond their immediate social circle, an even higher proportion reported noticing racism and stigmatisation through the traditional or social media due to COVID-19. Major variations of the degree of racial discrimination experienced are determined by three demographic variables: ethnicity, age, and region. The in-depth interviews largely echoed the survey findings and highlighted a strong correlation between the perceived racial discrimination among the local Asian community and the stigmatisation associated with COVID-19. These findings are important for improving the way we manage future pandemics and other disasters within the context of the UN Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Il muscolo come organo endocrino: focus su irisina
Authors: Giordano Carla , Amodei Roberta , Di Stefano Claudia 
Published: November 2022

SommarioIl muscolo scheletrico agisce come organo endocrino che, in risposta all’esercizio, produce e secerne centinaia di miochine che agiscono in maniera autocrina, paracrina ed endocrina con effetti sul metabolismo lipidico e glucidico, formazione ossea, funzione endoteliale e crescita tumorale. Negli ultimi anni, numerosi studi hanno concentrato la loro attenzione su una nuova proteina, l’irisina, adipomiochina in grado di indurre cambiamenti nel tessuto adiposo, attivare la termogenesi e fungere da collegamento tra muscoli e altri tessuti del corpo.
Strumenti per la lettura critica di metanalisi e revisioni sistematiche: il punto di vista del clinico
Authors: Bioletto Fabio , Berton Alessandro Maria , Prencipe Nunzia , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Gasco Valentina , Maccario Mauro , Grottoli Silvia 
Published: November 2022

SommarioLa metanalisi è una tecnica statistica con cui è possibile combinare quantitativamente i risultati di multipli studi scientifici che valutano un medesimo outcome. Una lettura consapevole di uno studio metanalitico non può prescindere dalla conoscenza degli strumenti statistici su cui esso si basa, al fine di poterne valutare più correttamente la appropriatezza metodologica e le implicazioni cliniche.
Detecting Dividing Lines in Turnout: Spatial Dependence and Heterogeneity in the 2012 US Presidential Election
Authors: Fiorino Nadia , Pontarollo Nicola , Ricciuti Roberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUS voters have been moving further and further apart, most notably in terms of partisanship. This trend has led to a strong geographic concentration of voters’ preferences. We look at how turnout shows a similar pattern by jointly addressing two features of the data: spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity of the observed units. Results obtained through a spatial lag regression tree procedure for the 2012 US presidential elections allow us to identify twelve groups of counties with similar characteristics. We find that (i) close counties behave similarly in terms of turnout; (ii) across various groups of counties, some variables have different statistical significance (or lack of it, such as household income and unemployment), and often different signs (such as the shares of adherents to congregations, Blacks, and Hispanics, and urban population). These results are useful for targeting geographically based groups in get out the vote operations.
Numerical Prediction of the Effect of Thermal Plume of a Standing Human on the Airborne Aerosol Flow in a Room: Assessment of the Social Distancing Rule
Authors: Hossain Mamdud , Chinenye-Kanu Nkemjika , Faisal Nadimul H. , Prathuru Anil , Asim Taimoor , Banik Snehashish 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to investigate the dispersion of droplet nuclei/aerosol which are produced during coughing and continuous talking to quantify the risk of infection due to airborne disease transmission. A three-dimensional modelling of aerosol transport due to human respiratory activities such as coughing and talking within a room environment has been simulated using CFD technique. An inert scalar transport equation was used to represent aerosol cloud, while turbulence was modelled with the $$k-\epsilon $$

k
-
ϵ

turbulence model. A modified Wells–Riley equation was used to calculate the risk of infection based on quanta emission concept. The spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol cloud within the room is initially driven by the upward flowing thermal plume surrounding the human, but later driven by the flow field constrained by the walls and cooler air movement. While the cough generated aerosols are concentrated in a smaller space within the room, the continuous talk generated aerosols are distributed throughout the room. Within an indoor environment, 2 m distancing will not be enough to protect healthy people from aerosols coming from an infected person due to continuous talking with prolonged exposure.
SciModeler: A Toolbox for Consolidating Scientific Knowledge within the Field of Health Behavior Change
Authors: Nuijten Raoul , Van Gorp Pieter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractScience aims to build and advance general theories from empirical data. This process is complicated by the immense volume of empirical data and scientific theories in some domains, for example in the field of health behavior change. Especially, a systematic mapping between empirical data and theoretical constructs is lacking. We propose a toolbox to establish that mapping. We adopted a modeling approach based on literature surveys to elicit requirements and to derive a metamodel. We adopted a graph-based database system to implement the metamodel, and designed a web-based tool for importing data from annotated text documents. To evaluate that toolbox (named SciModeler), we have conducted a case study within the field of health behavior change to record three scientific theories, three empirical studies, and the mapping in-between. We have documented how SciModeler aids closing gaps between empirical data and theoretical constructs. We have demonstrated that this enables new types of analyses by sharing example queries for (1) refining scientific theories, (2) exploring promising intervention strategies for a specific context, and (3) checking the potential impact of an intervention platform in a specific context. Our supplementary materials promote replication of these results. SciModeler can support the consolidation of scientific knowledge in the field of health behavior change, and we suggest that it may be applied within other fields, as well. An important direction for future work is promoting online collaboration on SciModeler graphs.
Mean Field Games on Prosumers
Authors: Baar Wouter , Bauso Dario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the realm of dynamic demand, prosumers are agents that can produce and consume goods. In this paper, the problem we address involves a large population of prosumers and each prosumer has to decide if (s)he wants to produce or consume a certain amount of goods. The strategy of each agent depends on the average behavior of the population. We set the problem in a game-theoretic framework by modeling every prosumer as a player. For every player, a cost functional is designed to incentivize cooperation among the players. By taking the population size very large, a mean field game arises. The contributions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, we formulate the problem as first-order and second-order mean field games, the latter arises when we take stochastic disturbances into account. Secondly, mean field equilibria are derived by studying the corresponding linear-quadratic optimal control problem. Thirdly, results on stability of the first-order and second-order equilibria are established. A numerical study covering our findings concludes the paper.
Impact of urban parameterization and integration of WUDAPT on the severe convection
Authors: Nadimpalli Raghu , Patel Pratiman , Mohanty U. C. , Attri S. D. , Niyogi Dev 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmplified rates of urban convective systems pose a severe peril to the life and property of the inhabitants over urban regions, requiring a reliable urban weather forecasting system. However, the city scale's accurate rainfall forecast has constantly been a challenge, as they are significantly affected by land use/ land cover changes (LULCC). Therefore, an attempt has been made to improve the forecast of the severe convective event by employing the comprehensive urban LULC map using Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification from the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) over the tropical city of Bhubaneswar in the eastern coast of India. These LCZs denote specific land cover classes based on urban morphology characteristics. It can be used in the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) model, which also encapsulates the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) scheme. The BEP scheme considers the buildings' 3D structure and allows complex land–atmosphere interaction for an urban area. The temple city Bhubaneswar, the capital of eastern state Odisha, possesses significant rapid urbanization during the recent decade. The LCZs are generated at 500 m grids using supervised classification and are ingested into the ARW model. Two different LULC dataset, i.e., Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and WUDAPT derived LCZs and initial, and boundary conditions from NCEP GFS 6-h interval are used for two pre-monsoon severe convective events of the year 2016. The results from WUDAPT based LCZ have shown an improvement in spatial variability and reduction in overall BIAS over MODIS LULC experiments. The WUDAPT based LCZ map enhances high-resolution forecast from ARW by incorporating the details of building height, terrain roughness, and urban fraction.
An electronic synaptic memory device based on four-cation mixed halide perovskite
Authors: Loizos Michalis , Rogdakis Konstantinos , Kymakis Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic–Inorganic Halide Perovskites (OIHP) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their exceptional semiconducting properties in combination with their facile, solution-based manufacturing performed at low temperatures. Their device applications cover a wide range of domains, while amongst them, photovoltaics is one of the most promising paths towards industrialization. The complex ionic character of perovskites offers a gigantic playground of new dynamic phenomena such as migration of ionic species and vacancies that are strongly coupled to electronic carriers. The interactions between ions and charge carriers are commonly tunable by electrical fields, light, and strain, opening the path for novel device concepts with emerging functionalities. Here, we study the synaptic properties of a four–cation RbCsFAMA perovskite device deployed across an inverted solar cell geometry, as an expansion of Rogdakis et al. Mater. Adv., 2022, 3, 7002 investigations. The device exhibits stable bipolar resistive switching behavior and operates in a low voltage window <  ± 1 V, with a high resistance to low resistance state ratio of up to 105. We show that our device can emulate a wide variety of synaptic functions such as paired-pulse facilitation, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, spiking-rate-dependent plasticity, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
Assessment of risk factors associated with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) complications: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kaul Christina M. , Haller Matthew , Yang Jenny , Solomon Sadie , Wang Yaojie , Wu Rong , Meng Yu , Pitts Robert A. , Phillips Michael S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To characterize factors associated with increased risk of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) complication.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Four hospitals within NYU Langone Health (NYULH).

Patients:
All patients aged ≥18 years with OPAT episodes who were admitted to an acute-care facility at NYULH between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020, who had an infectious diseases consultation during admission.

Results:
Overall, 8.45% of OPAT patients suffered a vascular complication and 6.04% suffered an antimicrobial complication. Among these patients, 19.95% had a 30-day readmission and 3.35% had OPAT-related readmission. Also, 1.58% of patients developed a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). After adjusting for key confounders, we found that patients discharged to a subacute rehabilitation center (SARC) were more likely to develop a CRBSI (odds ratio [OR], 4.75; P = .005) and to be readmitted for OPAT complications (OR, 2.89; P = .002). Loss to follow-up with the infectious diseases service was associated with increased risks of CRBSI (OR, 3.78; P = .007) and 30-day readmission (OR, 2.59; P < .001).

Conclusions:
Discharge to an SARC is strongly associated with increased risks of readmission for OPAT-related complications and CRBSI. Loss to follow-up with the infectious diseases service is strongly associated with increased risk of readmission and CRBSI. CRBSI prevention during SARC admission is a critically needed public health intervention. Further work must be done for patients undergoing OPAT to improve their follow-up retention with the infectious diseases service.
Darwin's illegitimate children: How body language experts undermine Darwin's legacy
Authors: Denault Vincent , Zloteanu Mircea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals has received and continues to receive much attention from emotion researchers and behavioural scientists. However, the common misconception that Darwin advocated for the universality of emotional reactions has led to a host of unfounded and discredited claims promoted by ‘body language experts’ on both traditional and social media. These ‘experts’ receive unparalleled public attention. Thus, rather than being presented with empirically supported findings on non-verbal behaviour, the public is exposed to ‘body language analysis’ of celebrities, politicians and defendants in criminal trials. In this perspective piece, we address the misinformation surrounding non-verbal behaviour. We also discuss the nature and scope of statements from body language experts, unpacking the claims of the most viewed YouTube video by a body language expert, comparing these claims with actual research findings, and giving specific attention to the implications for the justice system. We explain how body language experts use (and misuse) Darwin's legacy and conclude with a call for researchers to unite their voices and work towards stopping the spread of misinformation about non-verbal behaviour.
Large temporal window and high-resolution single-shot cross-correlator with two separate measurement channels
Authors: Ma Jingui , Ouyang Xiaoping , Pan Liangze , Yuan Peng , Zhang Dongfang , Wang Jing , Xie Guoqiang , Zhu Jianqiang , Qian Liejia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In strong-field physics experiments with ultraintense lasers, a single-shot cross-correlator (SSCC) is essential for fast optimization of the pulse contrast and meaningful comparison with theory for each pulse shot. To simultaneously characterize an ultrashort pulse and its long pedestal, the SSCC device must have both a high resolution and a large temporal window. However, the resolution and window in all kinds of single-shot measurement contradict each other in principle. Here we propose and demonstrate a novel SSCC device with two separate measurement channels: channel-1 for the large-window pedestal measurement has a moderate resolution but a large window, while channel-2 for the ultrashort pulse measurement has a small window but a high resolution; this allows the accurate characterization of the pulse contrast in a single shot. A two-channel SSCC device with a 200-fs resolution and 114-ps window has been developed and tested for its application in ultraintense lasers at 800 nm.