bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of discrimination and resilience on birth weight: A systematic examination in a sample of Black, Latina, and White women
Authors: Mickelson Kristin D , Doehrman Pooja , Chambers Claudia , Seely Hayley , Kaneris Marianna , Stancl Rachel , Stewart Chelsea , Sullivan Shea 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Health inequities begin before birth with Black women being more likely to have low birth weight babies than White and Latina women. Although both Latina and Black women experience discrimination, only Black women appear to be affected. Methods: In this study using medical records and face-to-face interviews, we systematically examined the role of discrimination (daily, environmental, vicarious) on continuous birth weight (controlling for gestational age and baby’s gender) in a sample of 329 Black, Latina, and White pregnant women, as well as whether familism, prayer, and/or discrimination attribution buffered this association. Results: Linear regression analyses revealed that only prayer acted as a resilience factor, with Latina women appearing to benefit from prayer in the link between vicarious and daily discrimination on birth weight conditional on gestational age, whereas Black women showed no moderation and White women showed an exacerbation in the link. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that sociocultural norms may play a role in explaining the Latina epidemiological paradox, but more research is needed to understand the significance.
Health-related quality of life in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections
Authors: Hammeken Lianna H. , Baunwall Simon M. D. , Dahlerup Jens F. , Hvas Christian L. , Ehlers Lars H. 
Published: April 2022

Background: The health-related quality of life (HrQoL) can be substantially affected in patients with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) but the impact of effective treatment of the infection remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the HrQoL in patients with rCDI and estimate the gain in HrQoL associated with effective treatment of rCDI. Methods: Patients’ HrQoL was estimated based on EuroQol 5-Dimensions 3-Levels (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaires obtained from a Danish randomised controlled trial (RCT). In the RCT, 64 patients with rCDI were randomised to receive either vancomycin ( n = 16), fidaxomicin ( n = 24) or faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) preceded by vancomycin ( n = 24). The primary outcome in the RCT was rCDI resolution. Patients were closely monitored during the RCT, and rescue FMT was offered to those who failed their primary treatment. Patients’ HrQoL was measured at baseline and at 8- and 26-weeks follow-up. Linear regression analyses conditional on the differences between baseline and follow-up measurements were used to assess statistical significance ( p < 0.05). Results: Within 26 weeks of follow-up, 13 (81%) patients treated with vancomycin, 12 (50%) patients treated with fidaxomicin, and 3 (13%) patients treated with FMT had a subsequent recurrence and received a rescue FMT. The average HrQoL for untreated patients with rCDI was 0.675. After receiving effective treatment, this value increased by 0.139 to 0.813 ( p < 0.001) at week 8 and by 0.098 to 0.773 ( p = 0.003) at week 26 of follow-up compared with baseline. Conclusion: The HrQoL was adversely affected in patients with an active episode of rCDI but increased substantially after receiving an effective treatment algorithm in which rescue FMT was provided in case of a primary treatment failure. Trial registration: The RCT was preregistered at EudraCT (j.no. 2015-003004-24, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2015-003004-24/results ) and at ClinicalTrials.gov (study identifier NCT02743234, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02743234 ).
Association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson’s disease: a neuroimaging study
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhou Cheng , Guo Tao , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming 
Published: April 2022

Background: Mounting evidence has revealed an inverse association between cigarette smoking and the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Meanwhile, cigarette smoking has been found to be associated with cognitive impairment in PD patients. However, the neural mechanisms of the association between cigarette smoking and PD are not fully understood. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the neural mechanisms of the association between cigarette smoking and PD. Methods: A total of 129 PD patients and 69 controls were recruited from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, including 39 PD patients with regular smoking history (PD-S), 90 PD patients without regular smoking history (PD-NS), 26 healthy controls with regular smoking history (HC-S), and 43 healthy controls without regular smoking history (HC-NS). Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and gray matter (GM) volume of the whole brain were compared among the four groups. Results: PD patients showed significantly reduced striatal DAT binding compared with healthy controls, and HC-S showed significantly reduced striatal DAT binding compared with HC-NS. Moreover, smoking and PD showed a significant interaction effect in the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). PD-S showed reduced GM volume in the left mPFC compared with PD-NS. Conclusion: The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD results in a substantial reduction of the DAT and dopamine levels. Nicotine may act as a stimulant to inhibit the action of striatal DAT, increasing dopamine levels in the synaptic gap. The inverse alteration of dopamine levels between PD and nicotine addiction may be the reason for the inverse association between smoking and the risk of PD. In addition, the mPFC atrophy in PD-S may be associated with cognitive impairment.
The impact of bortezomib-based induction in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with chromosome 1q21 gain
Authors: Tang Hoi Ki Karen , Fung Chi Yeung , Morgan Gareth J. , Kumar Shaji , Siu Lisa , Ip Ho Wan Alvin , Yip Sze Fai , Lau Ka Ngai Harry , Lau Chi Kuen , Lee Harold , Leung Kwan Hung , Kho Bonnie , Wong Howard , Ngai Cheong , Hwang Yu Yan , Sim Joycelyn , Kwong Yok Lam , Chim Chor Sang 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Bortezomib has been reported to favourably impact the outcomes of t(4;14) and del(17p) in multiple myeloma (MM), but its impact on gain 1q (+1q) is unknown. Methods: To address this, 250 patients treated with bortezomib-based induction were analysed. All myeloma samples had fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed on CD138-sorted bone marrow aspirate, and plasma cells were analysed using DNA probes specific for the following chromosomal aberrations: del(13q14), del(17p), t(14;16), t(4;14), and +1q. Presence of +1q was defined as the presence of at least three copies of 1q21 at the cut off level of 20% of bone marrow plasma cells. Results: +1q identified in 167 (66.8%) and associated with t(4;14) and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). +1q was not associated with response rate but shorter event-free survival (EFS) (median EFS 35 vs 55 months, p = 0.05) and overall survival (OS) (median OS 74 vs 168 months, p = 0.00025). Copy number and clone size did not impact survival. Multivariate analysis showed +1q was an independent adverse factor for OS together with International Staging System (ISS)3, high LDH, del(17p) and t(4;14). When a risk score of 1 was assigned to each independent adverse factor, OS was shortened incrementally by a risk score from 0 to 4. Post-relapse/progression survival was inferior in those with +1q (median 60 vs 118 months, p = 0.000316). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) improved OS for those with +1q (median OS 96 vs 49 months, p = 0.000069). Conclusion: +1q is an adverse factor for OS in MM uniformly treated with bortezomib-based induction but was partially mitigated by ASCT. A risk scoring system comprising +1q, LDH, high-risk FISH, and ISS is a potential tool for risk stratification in MM.
A 5-year surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in a university hospital: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Erdem Ilknur , Yıldırım Ilker , Safak Birol , Karaali Ritvan , Erdal Berna , Ardic Enes , Dogan Mustafa , Kardan M Enes , Kavak Caglar , Sahin Karadil Kubra , Yildiz Emre , Topcu Birol , Kiraz Nuri , Arar Cavidan 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: “Nosocomial infections” or “healthcare-associated infections” are a significant public health problem around the world. This study aimed to assess the rate of laboratory-confirmed healthcare-associated infections, frequency of nosocomial pathogens, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in a University Hospital. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of healthcare-associated infections in a University Hospital, between the years 2015 and 2019 in Tekirdag, Turkey. Results: During the 5 years, the incidence densities of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units and clinics were 10.31 and 1.70/1000 patient-days, respectively. The rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line–associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections in intensive care units were 11.57, 4.02, and 1.99 per 1000 device-days, respectively. The most common healthcare-associated infections according to the primary sites were bloodstream infections (55.3%) and pneumonia (20.4%). 67.5% of the isolated microorganisms as nosocomial agents were Gram-negative bacteria, 24.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, and 7.6% of Candida. The most frequently isolated causative agents were Escherichia coli (16.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.7%). The rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production among E. coli isolates was 51.1%. Carbapenem resistance was 29.8% among isolates of P. aeruginosa, 95.1% among isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, and 18.2% among isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin resistance was 2.4% among isolates of A. baumannii. Vancomycin resistance was 5.3% among isolates of Enterococci. Conclusion: Our study results demonstrate that healthcare-associated infections are predominantly originated by intensive care units. The microorganisms isolated from intensive care units are highly resistant to many antimicrobial agents. The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms indicates that more interventions are urgently needed to reduce healthcare-associated infections in our intensive care units.
Patient and clinician perspectives of ophthalmology emergency attendances during the COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Lim Ernest , Kanda Mumta , Rodrigues Zena , Hussain Rohan , Lee Vickie 
Published: April 2022

Introduction To explore patient and clinician perspectives on acute ophthalmology presentations during the COVID pandemic. To ascertain whether the pandemic had differentially impacted access to care based on patient demographics and postcodes. Methods A single-centre, cross-sectional prospective study in a busy metropolitan eye casualty between April–June 2020 recording patient demographics, distance travelled to access healthcare, diagnosis and outcome compared to the equivalent period in 2019. A further two-part survey was conducted to explore patient and clinician's perceptions around delays in attendances, views on remote consultation and severity of the condition. Results There was a 68% decrease in April 2020 compared to previous year's ED attendance. The diagnosis tended towards more visually significant pathology. From 2019 to 2020, there was a significant decrease in average distance travelled to the eye emergency department (eye ED). working-age adults (18-59) and white patients travelling from very far pre-pandemic contributed most to this change. 513 Patient responses (12%) out of 4433 attendances during the study period were received, 89% (456/513) of the completed surveys also had matching clinician surveys. 29% (149/513) patients felt COVID-19 stopped them from attending earlier. Clinicians thought a video consultation would have been suitable for 40% (182/456) of patients compared to only 13% (58/456) of patients preferring a video consultation. Discussion Although our findings were limited by low response rates, COVID-19 may have caused a delay in presentation for emergency eye care. Demographic changes and attitudes towards video consultations have implications for planning of emergency eye care in future pandemics.
Understanding the attitudes and experiences of people living with potentially stigmatised long-term health conditions with respect to collecting and sharing health and lifestyle data
Authors: Brown Richard , Sillence Elizabeth , Coventry Lynne , Simpson Emma , Gibbs Jo , Tariq Shema , C. Durrant Abigail , Lloyd Karen 
Published: April 2022

Background The emerging landscape of patient-generated data (PGData) provides an opportunity to collect large quantities of information that can be used to develop our understanding of different health conditions and potentially improve the quality of life for those living with long-term health condition (LTHCs). If the potential benefits of PGData are to be realised, we need a better understanding of the psychological barriers and facilitators to the collection and beneficial sharing of health and lifestyle data. Due to the understudied role that stigma plays in sharing PGData, we explore the attitudes and experiences of those living with potentially stigmatised LTHCs with respect to collecting and sharing health and lifestyle data. Methods This study used semi-structured interviews and a card sorting task to explore the attitudes and experiences of people living with potentially stigmatised LTHCs. Fourteen adult participants who reported having a range of conditions were recruited in England. Template analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts and descriptive statistics were used for the card sorting task. Results The findings present four overarching themes: Preferences for collecting health and lifestyle data, Importance of anonymity, Expected use of data, and Sources of emotional support. Participants illustrated a general willingness to share health and lifestyle data; however, there were some notable differences in sharing experiences, varying both by information type and recipient group. Overall, participants did not identify health-related stigma as a barrier to collecting or sharing their personal health and lifestyle data. Conclusions We outline a number of preferences that participants feel would encourage them to collect and share data more readily, which may be considered when developing data sharing tools for the future.
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Resistance Exercise in Postoperative Rehabilitation After ACL Reconstruction With Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Graft: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oliveira Marcio , Júnior Paulo Lobo , Imoto Aline Mizusaki , Santos Tácio , Borges José Humberto Souza , Nunes Pedro , Barin Fabrício Reichert , Damando Meire , Peccin Maria Stella 
Published: April 2022

Background: Lower limb muscle strength symmetry has been suggested as an essential criterion for the safe return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Limited evidence is available regarding the most effective intervention to achieve symmetry after reconstruction with contralateral bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) graft. Purpose: To verify whether unilateral isotonic resistance exercise is more effective than bilateral exercise for obtaining postoperative functional and muscular strength symmetry between the donor limb and reconstructed limb for patients who received BPTB graft. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 88 patients were randomly divided into a control group (n = 44) and an intervention group (n = 44). All participants performed an 8-week exercise program starting at the beginning of the fourth postoperative month and were evaluated before and after the program. The control group performed bilateral exercises, and the intervention group performed unilateral exercises for the donor limb only (the limb with the greatest disability). The primary outcome was muscle strength (peak torque and hamstrings to quadriceps [H:Q] ratio), and the secondary outcomes were range of motion (ROM; goniometry), KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference in anteroposterior knee laxity, and objective (single-leg hop test) and subjective (Lysholm score) functionality. Results: Both groups improved significantly from before to after the exercise program. The improvements were significantly greater in the intervention group regarding peak torque, H:Q ratio, flexion ROM, single-leg hop test, and Lysholm score in the donor limb ( P < .001 for all), and the improvements were significantly greater in the control group regarding peak torque and single-leg hop test in the reconstructed limb ( P < .001 for both). Comparison between the groups showed significantly increased symmetry regarding peak torque, H:Q ratio, and single-leg hop test in the intervention group compared with the control group ( P < .001), with large effect sizes (>0.80) except for the H:Q ratio. Conclusion: Although postoperative, bilateral, isotonic resistance exercise provided better strength gains to the reconstructed limb, unilateral exercise was more effective in obtaining functional and muscle strength between-limb symmetry in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with contralateral BPTB graft. Registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (number RBR-22rnjh).
Safer Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Evaluation of a Return-to-Play Checklist
Authors: Hadley Christopher J. , Rao Somnath , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Ciccotti Michael G. , Dodson Christopher C. , Marchetto Paul A. , Hammoud Sommer , Cohen Steven B. , Freedman Kevin B. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Questions remain regarding the traditional protocols used in rehabilitation and clearance for return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose/Hypothesis: To investigate the impact on injury rates after return to sports by developing and validating a Safer Return to Play Following ACL Reconstruction Checklist consisting of subjective and objective functional tests that can be quickly and easily implemented into a sports medicine practice. It was hypothesized that patients who successfully passed the checklist before returning to sports would experience lower rates of ipsilateral and contralateral knee injuries at a 2-year follow-up as compared with patients who returned to play before completing the checklist. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: First, a systematic review was performed to generate a list of the most common outcome measures used to assess return to play after ACLR. To refine our checklist, we conducted a survey with an expert panel of 10 medical professionals utilizing the Delphi technique. After the creation of the checklist, validation was performed by prospectively evaluating patients who had undergone ACLR for injury of the ipsilateral or contralateral knee, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Results: After our systematic review of 60 studies, 7 criteria were included in the final checklist. During the period studied, October 2014 to December 2017, a total of 222 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. At a minimum 2 years of follow-up, there were 146 patients who successfully passed the checklist and 38 who did not. Overall, 24 (16.4%) patients who had passed the checklist sustained an injury to either knee, as compared with 10 (26.3%) from the group that did not pass the checklist ( P = .162). Of the group that passed the checklist, 8 (5.5%) patients sustained an injury to the ipsilateral knee, as compared with 7 (18.4%) in the group that did not pass ( P = .017). Conclusion: Prospective validation of our checklist demonstrated that patients who successfully passed the checklist before returning to play experienced a significantly lower incidence of ipsilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury as compared with patients who did not pass the checklist.
Hyperargininemia Due to Arginase 1 Deficiency: Variability in Clinical and Biochemical Presentations in Malaysian children
Authors: Habib Anasufiza , Mohamed Shakrin Norashareena 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Hyperargininemia due to Arginase 1 deficiency is a rare inborn error of the urea cycle with an incidence estimated at 1:950 000. It has typical severe and progressive abnormal neurological features with biochemical findings of hyperargininemia and hyperexcretion of orotic acid. The aim of our study is to review the clinical and biochemical presentations of 4 children diagnosed with Arginase 1 deficiency in Malaysia and compare with the literature review. Design and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4 patients with molecularly confirmed Arginase 1 deficiency. Patients were identified from a selective high-risk screening of 51 682 symptomatic patients from January 2006 to December 2020. Results: Our patients exhibited heterogeneous clinical presentations with acute and progressive neurological abnormalities and varying degrees of plasma arginine and urine orotic acid excretions. Interestingly, an unusual hyperexcretion of homocitrulline was found in 3 patients. Conclusions: Hyperargininemia due to Arginase 1 deficiency can present acutely and hyperexcretion of homocitrulline can be an additional biochemical feature of Arginase 1 deficiency.
Flaggite, Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O), a new mineral with stair-step-like HCP layers from Tombstone, Arizona, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Mills Stuart J. , Celestian Aaron J. , Ma Chi , Yang Hexiong , Thorne Brent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe new mineral flaggite (IMA2021-044), Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O), occurs at the Grand Central mine in the Tombstone district, Cochise County, Arizona, USA, in cavities in quartz matrix in association with alunite, backite, cerussite, jarosite and rodalquilarite. Flaggite crystals are lime-green to yellow-green tablets, up to 0.5 mm across. The mineral has a very pale green streak and adamantine lustre. It is brittle with irregular fracture and a Mohs hardness of ~3. It has one excellent cleavage on {010}. The calculated density is 6.137 g cm–3. Optically, the mineral is biaxial (+) with α = 1.95(1), β = 1.96(1), γ = 2.00(1) (white light); 2V = 54(2)°; pleochroism:Xgreen,Ylight yellow green,Znearly colourless;X>Y>Z. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands consistent with TeO6and SO4. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula Pb3.88Cu2+3.89Te6+2.08(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O) (–0.03 H). Flaggite is triclinic,P1,a= 9.5610(2),b= 9.9755(2),c= 10.4449(3) Å, α = 74.884(1), β = 89.994(1), γ = 78.219(1)°,V= 939.97(4) Å3andZ= 2. The structure of flaggite (R1= 0.0342 for 5936I> 2σI) contains hexagonal-close-packed, stair-step-like layers comprising TeO6octahedra and Jahn-Teller distorted CuO6octahedra. The layers in the structure of flaggite are very similar to those in bairdite, timroseite and paratimroseite.