bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of molecular markers linked to Fusarium wilt resistance (Foc 1) in recombinant inbred lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Lal Dalpat , Ravikumar Rampura Lakshmipathi , Jingade Pavankumar , Subramanya Sunil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolecular markers closely linked to Fusarium wilt (FW) resistance in chickpea were identified from earlier studies to validate them in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from JG62 (FW susceptible) and WR315 (FW resistant). The RILs were phenotyped for Foc race 1 over two seasons in a wilt sick field condition and wilt sick pots under greenhouse conditions. A total of 42 markers linked to FW resistance in chickpea were selected from earlier reports for validation. Out of 42 markers, 23 markers were polymorphic among parental lines, and hence, these markers were used for genotyping the mapping population. The genotyping data together with phenotyping data have identified 12 markers linked to wilt resistance by single‐marker analysis. The markers TA96, CS27, TA110 and TA59 were found consistently linked to FW resistance in this and previous studies. The composite interval mapping has identified two major resistance loci for Foc 1 LG1 (H4G11, CaM1402) and LG2 (H3A12, CS27) explaining 12.37%–76.76% of phenotypic variance. These validated markers will be useful in chickpea breeding.
MLKs kinases phosphorylate the ESCRT component FREE1 to suppress abscisic acid sensitivity of seedling establishment
Authors: Li Hongbo , Wei Juan , Liao Yanglan , Cheng Xiaoling , Yang Shuhong , Zhuang Xiaohong , Zhang Zhonghui , Shen Wenjin , Gao Caiji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe FYVE domain protein required for endosomal sorting 1 (FREE1), which was previously identified as a plant‐specific component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery, plays an essential role in endosomal trafficking. Moreover, FREE1 also functions as an important negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling. Multiple phosphorylations and ubiquitination sites have been identified in FREE1, hence unveiling the factors involved in posttranslational regulation of FREE1 is critical for comprehensively understanding FREE1‐related regulatory networks during plant growth. Here, we demonstrate that plant‐specific casein kinase I members MUT9‐like kinases 1–4 (MLKs 1–4)/Arabidopsis EL1‐like 1–4 interact with and phosphorylate FREE1 at serine residue S582, thereby modulating the nuclear accumulation of FREE1. Consequently, mutation of S582 to non‐phosphorylable residue results in reduced nuclear localization of FREE1 and enhanced ABA response. In addition, mlk123 and mlk134 triple mutants accumulate less FREE1 in the nucleus and display hypersensitive responses to ABA treatment, whereas overexpression of the nuclear‐localized FREE1 can restore the ABA sensitivity of seedling establishment in mlks triple mutants. Collectively, our study demonstrates a previously unidentified function of MLKs in attenuating ABA signalling in the nucleus by regulating the phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of FREE1.
Consideration of possible effects of vitamin D on established cancer, with reference to malignant melanoma
Authors: Hutchinson Peter E. , Pringle James H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEpidemiological studies indicate that Vitamin D has a beneficial, inhibitory effect on cancer development and subsequent progression, including melanoma (MM), and favourable MM outcome has been reported as directly related to vitamin D3 status, assessed by serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels taken at diagnosis. It has been recommended that MM patients with deficient levels of 25(OH)D3 be given vitamin D3. We examine possible beneficial or detrimental effects of treating established cancer with vitamin D3. We consider the likely biological determinants of cancer outcome, the reported effects of vitamin D3 on these in both cancerous and non‐cancerous settings, and how the effect of vitamin D3 might change depending on the integrity of tumour vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling. We would argue that the effect of defective tumour VDR signalling could result in loss of suppression of growth, reduction of anti‐tumour immunity, with potential antagonism of the elimination phase and enhancement of the escape phase of tumour immunoediting, possibly increased angiogenesis but continued suppression of inflammation. In animal models, having defective VDR signalling, vitamin D3 administration decreased survival and increased metastases. Comparable studies in man are lacking but in advanced disease, a likely marker of defective VDR signalling, studies have shown modest or no improvement in outcome with some evidence of worsening. Work is needed in assessing the integrity of tumour VDR signalling and the safety of vitamin D3 supplementation when defective.
Leader–follower equilibria to examine investment decisions in grid resilience‐enhancing measures
Authors: Lo Prete Chiara , Radhakrishnan Ashish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarge‐area, long‐duration power outages are increasingly common in the United States, and cost the economy billions of dollars each year. Building a strategy to enhance grid resilience requires an understanding of the optimal mix of preventive and corrective actions, the inefficiencies that arise when self‐interested parties make resilience investment decisions, and the conditions under which regulators may facilitate the realization of efficient market outcomes. We develop a bi‐level model to examine the mix of preventive and corrective measures that enhances grid resilience to a severe storm. The model represents a Stackelberg game between a regulated utility (leader) that may harden distribution feeders before a long‐duration outage and/or deploy restoration crews after the disruption, and utility customers with varying preferences for reliable power (followers) who may invest in backup generators. We show that the regulator's denial of cost recovery for the utility's preventive expenditures, coupled with the misalignment between private objectives and social welfare maximization, yields significant inefficiencies in the resilience investment mix. Allowing cost recovery for a higher share of the utility's capital expenditures in preventive measures, extending the time horizon associated with damage cost recovery, and adopting a storm restoration compensation mechanism shift the realized market outcome toward the efficient solution. If about one‐fifth of preventive resilience investments is approved by regulators, requiring utilities to pay a compensation of $365 per customer for a 3‐day outage (about seven times the level of compensation currently offered by US utilities) provides significant incentives toward more efficient preventive resilience investments.
Exploring British Accents: Modelling the Trap–Bath Split with Functional Data Analysis
Authors: Koshy Aranya , Tavakoli Shahin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sound of our speech is influenced by the places we come from. Great Britain contains a wide variety of distinctive accents which are of interest to linguistics. In particular, the ‘a’ vowel in words like ‘class’ is pronounced differently in the North and the South. Speech recordings of this vowel can be represented as formant curves or as mel-frequency cepstral coefficient curves. Functional data analysis and generalised additive models offer techniques to model the variation in these curves. Our first aim was to model the difference between typical Northern and Southern vowels /æ/ and /ɑ/, by training two classifiers on the North-South Class Vowels dataset collected for this paper. Our second aim is to visualise geographical variation of accents in Great Britain. For this we use speech recordings from a second dataset, the British National Corpus (BNC) audio edition. The trained models are used to predict the accent of speakers in the BNC, and then we model the geographical patterns in these predictions using a soap film smoother. This work demonstrates a flexible and interpretable approach to modelling phonetic accent variation in speech recordings.
Family functioning and emotion socialization in Chinese two‐parent households: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Zhu Danhua , Dunsmore Julie C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current study adopted cluster analysis as a person‐centered approach to identify patterns of Chinese families’ functioning and parents’ emotion socialization responses and investigate their associations with children's emotion regulation and behavioral outcomes. Both parents residing in the same family were included to explore joint contributions of mothers and fathers within the family system. Participants were 204 Chinese two‐parent (mother and father) households of 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children (Mage = 7.43 years, SD = .81; 98 girls). Both parents filled out online questionnaires about their perceptions of family functioning (cohesion, adaptability) and endorsement of responses to children's negative emotions (supportive, nonsupportive). Mothers also reported children's lability/negativity, emotion regulation, problematic behaviors (internalizing, externalizing) and prosocial behaviors. Five clusters were identified: poor‐functioning/dismissing, well‐functioning/coaching, engaged fathers, engaged mothers, and balanced/diffuse. Overall, poor‐functioning/dismissing families had children with the lowest functioning and well‐functioning/coaching families had children with the most optimal outcomes. The other three clusters were moderate in terms of child functioning with children of engaged fathers having less optimal outcomes than the other two. The nuanced variations among clusters and meaning of results are discussed in relation to Chinese cultural contexts. Findings support the utility of a person‐centered approach for illuminating how parents’ socialization practices interconnect holistically within dynamic family systems.
Assembling antimicrobial resistance governance in UK animal agriculture
Authors: Helliwell Richard , Morris Carol , Jones Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe desire to govern antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal agriculture has gained renewed prominence in the UK and international policy and practice in response to growing concern about the impact of AMR infections on human and animal health. This article adopts a more‐than‐human approach inspired by assemblage and biopolitical thinking to explorehowdiverse actors work to assemble a regime of governance in animal agriculture through their efforts to tackle AMR. How agricultural animals are represented and positioned in this process, and the consequences of these efforts for broader agricultural animal–human relation in UK animal agriculture is also a concern. Qualitative, empirical material is produced from documents published by government, industry organisations, NGOs and retailers. We highlight the negotiated contingencies of actions on AMR in UK animal agriculture and reflect on the limited extent to which they constitute a new front in the regulation of agricultural animals.
Threshold estimation for continuous three‐phase polynomial regression models with constant mean in the middle regime
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hao , Wong Kam‐Fai , Lim Wei‐Yee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper considers a continuous three‐phase polynomial regression model with two threshold points for dependent data with heteroscedasticity. We assume the model is polynomial of order zero in the middle regime, and is polynomial of higher orders elsewhere. We denote this model by , which includes models with one or no threshold points, denoted by and , respectively, as special cases. We provide an ordered iterative least squares (OiLS) method when estimating and establish the consistency of the OiLS estimators under mild conditions. When the underlying model is and is th‐order differentiable but not th‐order differentiable at the threshold point, we further show the convergence rate of the OiLS estimators, which can be faster than the convergence rate given in Feder when . We also apply a model‐selection procedure for selecting ; . When the underlying model exists, we establish the selection consistency under the aforementioned conditions. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments to demonstrate the finite‐sample performance of our asymptotic results.
Revisiting the Schrage Equation for Kinetically Limited Evaporation and Condensation
Authors: Vaartstra Geoffrey , Lu Zhengmao , Lienhard John H. , Wang Evelyn N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Schrage equation is commonly used in thermofluid engineering to model high-rate liquid–vapor phase change of pure fluids. Although shortcomings of this simple model were pointed out decades ago and more rigorous models have emerged from the kinetic theory community, Schrage's equation continues to be widely used. In this paper, we quantify the accuracy of the Schrage equation for evaporation and condensation of monatomic and polyatomic fluids at the low to moderately high flux operating conditions relevant to thermofluid engineering applications. As a high-accuracy reference, we numerically solve a Bhatnagar, Gross, and Krook (BGK)-like a model equation for polyatomic vapors that have previously been shown to produce accurate solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation. We observe that the Schrage equation overpredicts heat/mass fluxes by ∼15% for fluids with accommodation coefficients close to unity. For fluids with smaller accommodation coefficients, such as water, the Schrage equation yields more accurate flux estimates. We find that the Mott-Smith-like moment methods developed for liquid–vapor phase change are much more accurate than the Schrage equation, achieving heat/mass flux estimates that deviate by less than 1% (evaporation) and 4% (condensation) from the reference solution. In light of these results, we recommend using the moment method equations instead of the Schrage equation. We also provide tables with our high-accuracy numerical data for evaporation of any fluid and condensation of saturated water vapor, engineering equations fit our data, and code for moment method calculations of evaporation and condensation.
Transient Flow and Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel Considering Thermal–Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Li Yong , Xie Gongnan , Fu Jiahong , Zhang Bolun , Sunden Bengt 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For the supercritical n-decane horizontally flowing in a rectangular channel of an active regenerative cooling system, a transient thermal–fluid–structure coupling method is employed to investigate the unsteady thermal-hydraulic characteristics and the wall deformation at a starting stage. The temperature distributions of the fluid domain and solid domain along the flow direction are investigated at fixed times as well as at a certain cross section. Streamlines in cross sections are employed to explain the temperature distribution. The velocity and pressure at a fixed point versus time are also given. Besides, the solid deformation is presented according to the uneven pressure distribution and temperature distribution. It is found that the response time is less than 30 s when the heat flux is less than 3.0 MW/m2. A larger heat flux contributes to promoting the steady state. The high-temperature part of the solid domain is close to the heated wall, but the situation is reversed for the fluid domain. This is because a bunch of dead-zone vortices appears in the vicinity of the upper wall of the channel. The maximum deformation is 0.132 mm for the condition of heat flux 3.0 MW/m2 and it is exacerbated by the uneven temperature and pressure distributions on the solid domain.
Supplemental Material: U-Pb dating reveals multiple Paleoproterozoic orogenic events (Hamersley orogenic cycle) along the southern Pilbara margin (Australia) spanning the onset of atmospheric oxygenation
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , al. et 
Published: April 2022

<p>Analytical procedures and results, Figures S1–S3, and Tables S1–S5. </p>
Competition of chiral soliton lattice and Abrikosov vortex lattice in QCD with isospin chemical potential
Authors: Grønli Martin Spillum , Brauner Tomáš 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate the thermodynamics of two-flavor quark matter in presence of nonzero isospin chemical potential and external magnetic field. It is known that at sufficiently high isospin chemical potential, charged pions undergo Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC). The condensate behaves as a superconductor, exhibiting Meissner effect in weak external magnetic fields. Stronger fields stress the superconducting state, turning it first into an Abrikosov lattice of vortices, and eventually destroying the condensate altogether. On the other hand, for sufficiently strong magnetic fields and low-to-moderate isospin chemical potential, the ground state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is expected to be a spatially modulated condensate of neutral pions, induced by the chiral anomaly: the chiral soliton lattice (CSL). We map the phase diagram of QCD as a function of isospin chemical potential and magnetic field in the part of the parameter space accessible to a low-energy effective field theory description of QCD. Our main result is an explicit account of the competition between the CSL and the Abrikosov vortex lattice. This is accomplished by adopting a fast numerical algorithm for finding the vortex lattice solution of the equation of motion and the corresponding Gibbs energy. We find that the Abrikosov vortex lattice phase persists in the phase diagram, separating the uniform charged pion BEC phase from the CSL phase. The precise layout of the phase diagram depends sensitively on the choice of the vacuum pion mass.
Ten Questions About Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) Surgery
Authors: LALONDE Donald H. 
Published: April 2022

The aim of this review article is to provide many important tips and tricks for surgeons to start Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) hand surgery in their practice. The massive cost reduction of this disruptive new approach will enable them to increase access to hand surgery for their patients who cannot afford unnecessary sedation or unnecessary sterility of the expensive main operating room environment. Evidence-based sterility will permit surgeons to move a lot of their surgery out of the main operating room to minor procedure rooms without a significant increase in infection rates. Important pointers on how to inject minimally painful local anaesthesia will have patients thinking the surgeon injector is a bit of a magician. WALANT enables surgeons to improve the outcomes of many hand surgery procedures.Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
A Preliminary Report on Augmented Reality Assisted Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: LIAWRUNGRUEANG Wongthawat , TANGADULRAT Pasin , HAYITAHE Sofian , WONGSIRI Sunton 
Published: April 2022

Augmented reality (AR) refers to the use of technology to enhance a real-world environment by computer generated visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and/or olfactory stimuli. We developed an augmented reality-assisted surgery (ARAS) for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It generates a virtual image of the operative field that the surgeon can view. This enhances the operative experience. We report the use of ARAS in performing limited open carpal tunnel release. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Edge-based network analysis reveals frequency-specific network dynamics in aberrant anxiogenic processing in rats
Authors: Lam Yin-Shing , Liu Xiu-Xiu , Ke Ya , Yung Wing-Ho 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Uncovering interactions between edges of brain networks can reveal the organizational principle of the networks and also their dysregulations underlying aberrant behaviours such as in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we looked into the applicability of edge-based network analysis in uncovering possible network mechanisms of aberrant anxiogenic processing. Utilizing a rat model of prodromal Parkinson’s disease we examined how a dorsomedial striatum–tied associative network (DSAN) may mediate context-based anxiogenic behaviour. Following dopamine depletion in the dorsomedial striatum, an exaggerated bottom-up signalling (posterior parietal-hippocampal-retrosplenial to anterior prefrontal-cingulate-amygdala regions) and gradient specific to the theta frequency in this network was observed. This change was accompanied by increased anxiety behaviour of the animals. By employing an edge-based approach in correlating informational flow (phase transfer entropy) with functional connectivity of all edges of this network, we further explore how the abnormal bottom-up signalling might be explained by alterations to the informational flow-connectivity motifs in the network. Our results demonstrate usage of edge-based network analysis in revealing concurrent informational processing and functional organization dynamics across multiple pathways in a brain network. This approach in unveiling network abnormalities and its impact on behavioural outcomes would be useful in probing the network basis of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Differential Tracking of Linguistic vs. Mental State Content in Naturalistic Stimuli by Language and Theory of Mind (ToM) Brain Networks
Authors: Paunov Alexander M. , Blank Idan A. , Jouravlev Olessia , Mineroff Zachary , Gallée Jeanne , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLanguage and social cognition, especially the ability to reason about mental states, known as theory of mind (ToM), are deeply related in development and everyday use. However, whether these cognitive faculties rely on distinct, overlapping, or the same mechanisms remains debated. Some evidence suggests that, by adulthood, language and ToM draw on largely distinct—though plausibly interacting—cortical networks. However, the broad topography of these networks is similar, and some have emphasized the importance of social content / communicative intent in the linguistic signal for eliciting responses in the language areas. Here, we combine the power of individual-subject functional localization with the naturalistic-cognition inter-subject correlation approach to illuminate the language–ToM relationship. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we recorded neural activity as participants (n = 43) listened to stories and dialogues with mental state content (+linguistic, +ToM), viewed silent animations and live action films with mental state content but no language (−linguistic, +ToM), or listened to an expository text (+linguistic, −ToM). The ToM network robustly tracked stimuli rich in mental state information regardless of whether mental states were conveyed linguistically or non-linguistically, while tracking a +linguistic / −ToM stimulus only weakly. In contrast, the language network tracked linguistic stimuli more strongly than (a) non-linguistic stimuli, and than (b) the ToM network, and showed reliable tracking even for the linguistic condition devoid of mental state content. These findings suggest that in spite of their indisputably close links, language and ToM dissociate robustly in their neural substrates—and thus plausibly cognitive mechanisms—including during the processing of rich naturalistic materials.