bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity of plant varieties of species of the genus Galega L. in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Rakhmetov D. B. , Shymanska O. V. , Bondarchuk O. P. , Vergun O. M. , Korablova O. A. , Rakhmetova S. O. , Fishchenko V. V. 
Published: December 2021

To establish the features of the formation of productivity elements of plant of the genus Galega species, depending on the genotypic characteristics and conditions of vegetation during the introduction in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. In 2004–2020 in labo­ratory and field conditions, six plant varieties of the genus Galega of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden selection were studied. The following methods were used: general scientific, biological and morphological, laboratory, field and statistical. Morphometric parameters such as plant height, number of shoots, leaves, inflorescences per plant, fruit size, length of the root system, as well as productive potential, nitrogen-fixing ability of plants, mass of productive shoots, heat capacity, yield of aboveground mass, yield of dry matter per unit area were assessed.
Results. It was found that the genotypes of G. orientalis Lam. (‘Kavkazkyi Branets’, ‘Saliut’, ‘NBS-75’, ‘Riabchyk’) and G. officinalis L. (‘Harant’, ‘Flaminho’), when introduced in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, are characterized by high productivity of aboveground phytomass (from 28.6 to 62.4 t/ha), as well as by the yield of dry matter (from 7.12 to 16.5 t/ha). In the structure of the aboveground mass of genotypes, stems accounted for 37.0–44.2%, leaves – 40.9–51.4%, inflorescences – 11.6–14.9%. The heat capacity of the raw material of G. orientalis plants was 4051–4275 kcal/ha. The total energy output reached 30.44–67.85 Gcal/ha.
Conclusions. It was revealed that plants of species of the genus Galega have a high bioproductive potential, and are able to provide raw materials for biogas production. The best of the six studied genotypes were ‘Flamingo’, ‘NBS-75’, and ‘Riab­chyk’.
An ecological interval two-stage fuzzy shadow price model for environmental flow allocation in the Shaying River Basin
Authors: Yan Shuo , Wang Zhuowei , Wu Leixiang , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, social water is pressurizing ecological water, causing the environmental flow to not be guaranteed and destroying the ecological environment. This research aims to coordinate social and natural water use to bring about optimal economic benefits, while ensuring environmental flow requirements. In this study, an interval two-stage fuzzy shadow price model (ITS-SPM) has been developed, which combines two-stage programming (TSP) and system of water value to optimize environmental flow. The ITS-SPM is mainly characterized as system benefits constituted by expected water resource benefits and water shortage penalty. This model has removed the uncertainties of economic data and environmental water demand (expressed fuzzy and interval). It has been found that adjusting the social water structure can effectively solve the problem of insufficient ecological flow. The ITS-SPM can make the adjustment of social water use more reasonable, which will produce benefits, unlike the current agricultural water reduction policy. Under the premise of guaranteeing optimal economic benefits, the added value of environmental water use in different scenarios is (social water structure adjustment) as follows: in 2020, it was expected that Shaying River water would increase by at least 13.49%; in 2025, it is expected to increase by at least 33.35%; in 2030, the increase will be by at least 57.54%; and in 2035, it will be by at least 77.50%.
Runoff modeling in Kolar river basin using hybrid approach of wavelet with artificial neural network
Authors: Tiwari Deepak Kumar , Tiwari Hari Lal , Nateriya Raman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the Kolar River watershed, Madhya Pradesh is taken as the study area. This study area is located in Narmada River in Central India. The data set consists of monthly rainfall of three meteorological stations, Ichhawar, Brijesh Nagar, and Birpur rainfall stations from 2000 to 2018, runoff data at Birpur and temperature data of Sehore district. In this paper, radial basis function neural network models have been studied for generation of rainfall–runoff modeling along with wavelet input and without wavelet input to the RBF neural network. A total of 15 models were developed in this experiment based on various combinations of inputs and spread constant of RBF model. The evaluation criteria for the best models selected are based on R2, AARE, and MSE. The best predicting model among the networks is model 8, which has input of R(t-1), R(t-2), R(t-3), R(t-4), and Q(t-1). For the RBFNN model, the maximum value of R2 is 0.9567 and the lowest values of AARE and MSE are observed. Similarly, for the WRBFNN model, the maximum value of R2 is 0.9889 and the lowest values of AARE and MSE are observed. WRBF performs better than RBF with any data processing techniques which shows the proposed model possesses better predictive capability.
P75NTR Exacerbates SCI-induced Mitochondrial Damage and Neuronal Apoptosis Depending on NTRK3
Authors: Tan Wei , Dong Longjia , Shi Xuexing , Tang Qian , Jiang Dianming 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanism by which p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) affects mitochondrial damage and neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord
injury (SCI).

Methods:
After the establishment of SCI rat models, short hairpin (sh) RNA of p75NTR and control sh-RNA were injected into SCI rats, respectively. On days 1, 7 and 21 after SCI, the severity of
SCI and cell apoptosis in SCI rats were determined as well as the recovery of hind limb performance and p75NTR expression. After spinal cord neurons were transfected with p75NTR overexpression plasmid or empty plasmid vector or cotransfected with overexpression plasmids of p75NTR and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase3 (NTRK3), the expression levels of p75NTR and
NTRK3 were quantified. Moreover, we detected the apoptosis and proliferation rates of the neurons in addition to the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the neurons. The binding between p75NTR and NTRK3 was confirmed via Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP).

Results:
The rat spinal cords in the Model group were notably damaged after SCI accompanied by
increased apoptosis and decreased locomotor function. The expression of p75NTR was significantly upregulated after SCI. The aforementioned injuries were remarkably ameliorated in response to
injection of sh-p75NTR. p75NTR overexpression induced mitochondrial damage and neuronal
apoptosis in spinal cord neurons, while the promotive effects were perturbed by NTRK3 overexpression. Furthermore, p75NTR directly bound to and downregulated NTRK3.

Conclusion:
Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that p75NTR aggravates mitochondrial
damage and neuronal apoptosis in SCI through downregulating NTRK3.
Association of Nocturnal Heart Rate with White Matter Hyperintensity Burden in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients
Authors: Yu Lulu , Li Yusheng , Wang Yunchao , Gao Yuan , Li Shanshan , Yu Wenkai , Zhao Zichen , Zong Ce 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Age and hypertension are widely considered to be the main risk factors for white matter hyperintensity (WMH), but they do not account for all the pathophysiological mechanisms of WMH.Therefore, identifying novel risk factors is significant to improve our understanding of the etiology and consequences of WMH.

Objective:
To examine the association of heart rate(HR) and common vascular risk factors with WMH burden in patients hospitalized for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease(CSVD)

Method:
The study consisted of 778 patients who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and HR monitoring and brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The relationship of HR measures and vascular risk factors with the presence of log WMHV4 was analyzed.Univariable and multivariable analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship of incidence of severe WMH (4th quartile, ≥19.64 ml) and HR measures and common vascular risk factors.

Results:
Multivariate analysis showed that WMHV was independently predicted by nighttime HR ( OR (95% CI): 1.041（1.02~1.062）, P<0.001),Homocysteine ( OR (95% CI): 1.019（1.005~1.033）, P=0.009), and cerebral infarction ( OR (95% CI): 0.463（0.31~0.691）, P<0.001), No similar association was observed for daytime HR、HR variability and other vascular risk factors .

Conclusion:
As nighttime HR、Hcy increased, log WMHV increased accordingly; furthermore, patients with cerebral infarction were more likely to have higher levels of WMHV. nighttime HR 、Hcy、cerebral infarction was associated with WMHV, suggesting independent roles of their in WMHV. The influence of HRV on WMHV needs to be addressed by further studies.
Recent Updates on Synthetic Strategies and Biological Potential of 1,3,4-
oxadiazole: Review
Authors: Kumari Sunita , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Saxena Shivani , Sharma Divya , Joshi Sagar , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Among the large variety of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles, 1,3,4-
oxadiazole, the scaffold, has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to show an extensive
range of pharmacological actions. According to literature investigations, prepared 1,3,4-
oxadiazole and its derivative are pharmacologically significant and consist of a variety of activities,
such as anticonvulsant, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, etc.
These heterocyclics are formed mainly by the cyclization reactions of various reactants under diverse
reaction circumstances. Therefore, significant efforts of organic chemists have been directed
towards the synthesis of new drug candidates containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole subunits connected to an
established potential pharmacophore to improve the efficacy and potency. This article aims to highlight
recent publications on the various synthesis techniques of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and related compounds
over the previous ten years (2011–2021). The purpose of this review is to help researchers
by summarizing several synthetic strategies for synthesizing oxadiazole.
Kolaviron, A Biflavonoid Compound: Its Pharmacological Activity and
Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Rotimi Damilare , Amanze Jennifer Chidubem , Ojo Adebola Busola , Iyobhebhe Matthew , Elebiyo Tobiloba Christiana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
The use of herbal remedies for medicinal purposes is becoming more popular around the
world. As a result, plants have become viable treatment options for a variety of diseases. Garcinia
kola (bitter kola) is a perennially grown plant in the Guttiferae family that has been evaluated and
reported to have numerous health-promoting properties. Kolaviron is a biflavanoid and major phytochemical
found in Garcinia kola that includes Garcinia Biflavanoid-1 (GB-1), kolaflavanone,
and Garcinia Biflavanoid-2 (GB-2). It is obtained as a fraction extracted from Garcinia kola.
Kolaviron's pharmacological properties include anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, ameliorative,
anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, neuroprotective,
anti-diabetic, and anti-amnesic properties. Kolaviron is recommended for use in clinical
settings because it has been shown to have a high therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. The purpose
of this review is to assess the therapeutic efficacy of kolaviron.
Flipped Classroom Experiences in Clinical Dentistry – A Strategic Mini-Review
Authors: Aljabr Abdullah 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Pedagogy in dental education has evolved over the decades. Today, many alternative modes of content delivery are being used as an adjunct to the traditional classroom. A flipped classroom is one among those that are being explored for teaching clinical dentistry.

Objective:
This mini-review is aimed at evaluating the available evidence in the efficacy of flipped classrooms and its related aspects in the learning curve of clinical dentistry.

Methods:
A thorough literature search on electronic databases for all the studies focusing on the following evidence-based question: “Is Flipped classroom in clinical dentistry a useful mode of pedagogy delivery? was performed. A combination of MeSH terms using Boolean operators “AND,” “OR:” FLIPPED [All Fields] AND (“dental health services” [MeSH Terms] AND “health” [All Fields] AND “services” [All Fields]) OR “dental” [All Fields]) AND (“learning” [MeSH Terms] OR “learning” [All Fields]). Specific terms such as “Perio” OR “Prostho” OR “Restorative” OR “Ortho” OR “Oral medicine” OR “Maxillofacial surgery” OR “Pediatric” OR “endo” was also used. Data from these articles addressing the aim of this study was extracted.

Results:
A total of 16 articles were considered for the review. The majority of the studies considered flipped classroom as a successful model of pedagogy. The most common mode of outside classroom activity was pre-recorded videos. In-classroom activities, a combination of seminars, interactive discussions, and quiz were explored. Time constraints, lack of faculty development programs are considered to be negative factors for the success of the flipped classroom.

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of the study, flipped classroom can be adapted as a method of pedagogy in clinical dentistry.
COVID-19 Pandemic Driven Knowledge, Attitude, Clinical Practice, Distress Reactions, and Post-Traumatic Growth of Dental Care Providers in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Labban Nawaf , Alfouzan Afnan F. , Al-Shibani Nouf , Al-Otaibi Hanan N. , Al Taweel Sara Mohammad , Al Ghanem Shahad Hamad , Schrader Stuart M. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, clinical practices, distress reactions, and post-traumatic growth of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Riyadh City.

Methodology:
An online questionnaire was developed to assess various dental professionals from both governmental and private sectors during the early COVID-19 outbreak in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was framed to assess the demographic variables, knowledge, attitude, and clinical practices towards handling the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), worry questionnaire items, short form of post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI-SF), and life satisfaction questionnaire items were developed to assess the anxiety, worries, post-traumatic growth, and life satisfaction of dental care providers following the traumatic events. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 and R environment ver.3.2.2. Continuous measurement results were presented as mean ± SD, and categorical measurements results were presented in number (%).

Results:
Our study's significant findings revealed that a majority of the dentists were in the age group of 21-30 and practiced general dentistry. The study participants in age groups 51–60 and 41–50 years old showed more liability in perceiving COVID-19 as an extremely dangerous disease than 31–40 and 21–30 age groups. The majority of respondents (63.4%) had an anxiety scale score of greater than 40, followed by 22.8% with scores 20-40 and 13.9% with scores less than 20, respectively. The mean scores for the GAD-7 and the worry items were 8.24 ± 3.21 and 13.92 ± 4.77, respectively. The data showed that most survey participants had adopted moderate post-traumatic changes during the pandemic, as evident by their mean score of 34.17 ± 3.40. The life satisfaction of the participants was neutral, as demonstrated by their mean score of 20.16 ± 4.03.

Conclusion:
This study’s findings delineated that the COVID-19 pandemic situation has influenced dentists' mental health, with a moderate level of anxiety, and worries among other psychological symptoms. Furthermore, there was adequate knowledge regarding the COVID-19 among dentists; however, the pandemic affected the financial conditions of the respondents. There was a moderate level of post-traumatic growth and neutral life satisfaction of the dental providers.
Understanding Gender, Income and Travel Behavior in Casablanca City – Morocco
Authors: Chamseddine Zineb , Ait Boubkr Asmaa 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on gendered differences in travel behavior in developing countries by analyzing travel behavior variability within as well as across gender and income groups in the case of Casablanca city.

Methods:
Data from the 2018 Casablanca Travel Survey show that overall, women are less mobile than men, make fewer work-related trips and more household maintenance trips, but these differences are heterogeneously distributed across income groups. With the increase in income, women tend to carry out more trips than men; the inverse is observed for the middle- and low-income categories.

Results:
While for the lowest income groups, walking is the most predominant mode for both men and women, we notice that the private car has the highest modal share within the highest income groups as with the increase in household income, both genders avoid non-motorized transport modes. The particular status of women in some households as breadwinners and reproducers as well as the socio-cultural context of the city shape their mobility and the choice of their activities.

Conclusion:
Hence, these findings suggest, from a policy perspective, that the public transit system along with spatial planning strategies need to be improved to help overcome women's mobility constraints, especially when they belong to low-income households so they can fully access the city amenities and opportunities. On the other hand, transport policies need to be not only gender-sensitive but also “vulnerable groups” sensitive as mobility impediments are similarly experienced by males and females in some contexts.
School-level Barriers of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Interventions to Overcome them Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Western Kenya: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Onyango Monica A. , Chergui Houda , Sabin Lora L. , Messersmith Lisa J. , Sarkisova Natalya , Oyombra Jane , Akello Perez , Kwaro Daniel O. , Otieno Juliana 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Adolescents in Kenya spend the majority of their time in a school environment. However, research to understand Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) in school settings is sparse.

Objective:
To improve the design of appropriate interventions to better support this vulnerable population, the study aimed to explore school-related barriers to ART adherence experienced by ALWHIV.

Methods:
Qualitative data were utilized from a larger mixed-methods study on ALWHIV conducted at a major teaching and referral hospital in Kisumu, Kenya. Participants encompassed ALWHIV, their caregivers, teachers, and health care providers. Transcripts from a total of 24 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions were analyzed in NVivo using a thematic approach.

Results:
Four themes emerged as key barriers in a school setting: negative experiences following HIV status self-disclosure, a strong desire for secrecy, restrictive school policies, and health education focused on sexual transmission of HIV. Participants suggested a range of potential interventions to better support ART adherence for ALWHIV, including coaching ALWHIV on disclosure strategies, promoting empathy among teachers and students, transition-preparing for ALWHIV, changing the narrative about HIV transmission in schools, providing water in schools, and introducing adherence support programs in schools, including the use of mobile technology.

Conclusion:
ALWHIV in Kenya experience numerous important challenges while trying to maintain optimal ART adherence in the school environment. Interventions that create supportive school settings are critical for better health outcomes among ALWHIV.
The Appraisal and Endorsement of Individual and Public Preventive Measures to Combat COVID-19 and the Associated Psychological Predictors among Chinese Living in Canada
Authors: Na Ling , Yang Lixia , Yu Linke , Bolton Kathryn , Zhang Weiguo , Wang Peizhong Peter 
Published: December 2021

Aims:
The study examines the factors related to the appraisal and adherence of the individual and public health preventive measures.

Background:
The effectiveness of the measures battling the pandemic was largely determined by the voluntary compliance of the public.

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify psychological perception factors related to the appraisal of individual measures and endorsement of public health measures during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese living in Canada.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 656 participants completed an online survey. Nonparametric Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare COVID perception variables (e.g., perceived susceptibility, fear, perceived severity, and information confusion) among different sociodemographic subgroups. Bootstrapped regression models were used to assess the association of these variables with outcome measures.

Results:
Compared to their counterpart groups, lower perceived susceptibility was reported by adults 65 years and older (p = .002) or retired (p = .015); greater fear was reported by females (p = .044), those with lower education (p = .001), and Mainland Chinese (p = .033); greater perceived severity was reported by individuals with lower education and smaller household size (ps = .003). Perceived susceptibility was inversely associated with individual measure appraisal (p = .032). Perceived severity was positively associated with individual measure appraisal (p = .005) and public measure endorsement (p < .001).

Conclusion:
Individual behaviour measure appraisal was predicted by lower perceived susceptibility and higher perceived severity, whereas public health measure endorsement was related to higher perceived severity. These results inform the public and the policymakers about the critical factors that affect the preventive measure appraisal and endorsement.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Health Care Providers
Authors: Parvizrad Ramin , Mosayebi Ghasem , Zarinfar Nader , Mousavi-Hasanzadeh Morteza , Razavi Seyedeh Zahra , Nikfar Somayeh , Almasi-Hashiani Amir 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Although there is a growing consensus that hydroxychloroquine may not be effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, there is still little high-quality evidence about the prophylactic effects of this medication. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxychloroquine in preventing COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers.

Methods:
In this clinical trial, 90 healthcare providers from two referral hospitals of COVID-19 were divided into the hydroxychloroquine group (400 mg/week for eight weeks) and the routine-care group. Serum CRP levels and the frequency of T-helper (CD4+ cells) and T-cytotoxic (CD8+ cells) were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. The groups were compared in terms of White Blood cells (WBCs), polymorph nuclear cells (PMNs), lymphocytes (LYM), hemoglobin (Hb), and platelets (Plt.).

Results:
The results revealed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of WBC, PMN, LYM, Hb, Plt., CD4, and CD8. The mean difference of the CD4:CD8 ratio showed a significantly higher decrease (P=0.05) in hydroxychloroquine group than in the control group (0.18 vs. 0.02). The incidence of COVID-19 was 15% (95%CI: 12-18%) in the control group and 10% (95%CI: 8-12%) in the intervention group; however, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard (P=0.45).

Conclusion:
Our study findings boost an increasing level of evidence that hydroxychloroquine is not an effective prophylactic medication against COVID-19 and might even exacerbate the profile of pandemic containment efforts by adding more pain to patients’ life and healthcare services.