bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale chemical mapping of exometabolites at fungal–mineral interfaces
Authors: Pucetaite Milda , Hitchcock Adam , Obst Martin , Persson Per , Hammer Edith C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMineral‐associated organic matter is an integral part of soil carbon pool. Biological processes contribute to the formation of such organo‐mineral complexes when soil microbes, and in particular soil fungi, deposit a suite of extracellular metabolic compounds and their necromass on the mineral surfaces. While studied in bulk, micro‐ to nanoscale fungal–mineral interactions remain elusive. Of particular interest are the mutual effects at the interface between the fungal exometabolites and proximal mineral particles. In this work, we have grown saprotrophic and symbiotic fungi in contact with two soil minerals with contrasting properties: quartz and goethite, on top of X‐ray transparent silicon nitride membrane windows and analyzed fungal hyphae by synchrotron‐based scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy in combination with near edge X‐ray fine structure spectroscopy at C(K) and Fe(L) absorption edges. In the resultant chemical maps, we were able to visualize and differentiate organic compounds constituting the fungal cells, their extracellular metabolites, and the exometabolites adsorbing on the minerals. We found that the composition of the exometabolites differed between the fungal functional guilds, particularly, in their sugar to protein ratio and potassium concentration. In samples with quartz and goethite, we observed adsorption of the exometabolic compounds on the mineral surfaces with variations in their chemical composition around the particles. Although we did not observe clear alteration in the exometabolite chemistry upon mineral encounters, we show that fungal–mineral interaction result in reduction of Fe(III) in goethite. This process has been demonstrated for bulk systems, but, to our knowledge, this is the first observation on a single hypha scale offering insight into its underlying biological mechanisms. This demonstrates the link between processes initiated at the single‐cell level to macroscale phenomena. Thus, spatially resolved chemical characterization of the microbial–mineral interfaces is crucial for an increased understanding of overall carbon cycling in soil.
A novel phage-displayed MilA ELISA for detection of antibodies against Myc. bovis in bovine milk
Authors: Farzaneh Mina , Derakhshandeh Abdollah , Al-Farha Abd Al-Bar Ahmed , Petrovski Kiro , Hemmatzadeh Farhid 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to assess a phage-displayed MilA protein of Myc. bovis in an indirect ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples.

Methods and Results
The desired sequence of milA gene was synthesized and cloned into pCANTAB-F12 phagemid vector. The expression of the MilA on the phage surface was confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant phage was used in the development of an indirect ELISA to detect Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples. There was a significant agreement between the results of phage-based ELISA and recombinant GST-MilA ELISA for the detection of Myc. bovis antibodies in milk samples.

Conclusions
The inexpensive and convenient phage-based ELISA can be used instead of recombinant protein/peptide ELISA as an initial screening of Myc. bovis-associated mastitis.

Significance and Impact of Study
Mastitis associated with Myc. bovis is a continuous and serious problem in the dairy industry. Sero-monitoring of Myc. bovis infection cases are one of the key factors for surveillance of the infections in dairy farms. Despite the existence of some commercially serological assays for Myc. bovis antibodies, they have some limitations regarding their sensitivity and availability. The development of accurate diagnosis tools could contribute to control programmes of Myc. bovis-associated mastitis in the dairy herds.
Bacillus aryabhattai enhanced proline content, stabilized membrane and improved growth of cowpea under NaCl-induced salinity stress
Authors: Abiala Moses Akindele , Sahoo Lingaraj 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsSalinity stress affects the growth of cowpea particularly at the stages of seed germination and early vegetative growth. This study examined the potential of particular stress-tolerant rhizospheric bacteria to improve the growth of cowpea under conditions of salinity stress.Methods and ResultsTwo rhizobacillus genotypes, Bacillus filamentosus-C8 and Bacillus aryabhattai-C29 were evaluated for their potentials to protect cowpea under NaCl-induced salinity stress. At 200 mM of NaCl concentration, control (non-inoculated) cowpea was affected, C8 was not able to significantly (p ≤ 0.05) alleviate the effects of salinity stress on cowpea growth while C29 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced leaf wilting, increased chlorophyll content and improved the growth of cowpea plant under stressed condition. Interestingly, C29 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) induced high proline content and stabilized membrane by loss of electrolytes.ConclusionOur results indicate that stabilized membrane and enhanced proline content by Bacillus aryabhattai-C29 supported the growth of cowpea under salinity stress condition.Significance and Impact of the StudyThis study revealed that rhizospheric bacteria screened for salinity stress tolerant have potential to be used as an effective bioprotectant for sustainable growth of cowpea under salinity stress condition.
Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on maize resistance against the Asian corn borer
Authors: Xie Haicui , Zhao Huiyuan , Sun Yu , Wang Xiuping , Lin Xiaohu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature has altered the plant‐insect interactions. However, little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms between plant resistance and insect survival strategies under the combined conditions of elevated CO2 and temperature. This study investigated the effects of elevated temperature alone and in combination with CO2 enrichment on the nutrition and resistance of maize (Zea mays L.) to the Asian corn borer (ACB) (Ostrinia furnacalis [Guenée]) and feeding, survival, and physiological response of ACB over 2‐year growing seasons. The maize plants were grown in free‐air CO2 enrichment connected by infrared heating system with the ambient (control), ~4.0°C increase in air temperature (ET) and ET together with ~700 ppm concentration of atmospheric CO2 (ETEC). Elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of ET on total non‐structural carbohydrates (TNC)/N in maize, and thus ETEC did not change this parameter. ETEC enhanced the defensive enzyme activities in maize. Elevated CO2 enhanced the ET effect on increased total phenolics content in maize. ET and ETEC increased the expression levels of the jasmonic acid (JA) defence‐related genes and JA content in maize. Above insect resistance‐related secondary metabolism in maize was enhanced by ACB damage. Except for amylase, ET and ETEC had no effect on the digestive enzyme activities and food intake of ACB, but enhanced its protective enzyme activities. ET and ETEC decreased the survival rate, overwintering larval body weight and fecundity, increased supercooling point of ACB fed on maize. These findings demonstrate that the combination of elevated temperature and CO2 did not influence the nutritional metabolism, but enhanced insect resistance‐related secondary metabolism of maize, which could alleviate the occurrence and damage of ACB in maize under the context of future climate change scenarios.
Structure and biomedical applications of bioactive polyphenols from food and fruits
Authors: Chang Yuyin , He Fei , Wang Tianfu , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolyphenols, a class of bioactive compounds existing in food and fruit, play an essential role in anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, anticancer, anti‐atherosclerosis, and antiaging by scavenging free radicals, regulating cellular redox potential, signaling pathways, and so on. Due to the low bioavailability/high activity paradox, the functional mechanism of polyphenols in biomedicine has attracted widespread attention. This review summarizes polyphenols (especially quercetin) chemical structure and bioactive mechanism (signaling pathways, enzyme activity, cell redox potential, and gene expression) to show in‐depth biomedical functional mechanisms for the control of chronic heath diseases such as oxidation, inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis, and aging. This study can deepen the understanding of polyphenols' effects on human health.Novelty impact statement

Providing another perspective for the comprehensive reuse of polyphenols in food and fruit.

Summarizing the polyphenols in biomedical research progress of function mechanism.

Deeping the understanding of the effects of polyphenols on human health.
Effects of bovine milk and buffalo milk on lipid metabolism in mice
Authors: Yan Kang , Ma XiaoYu , Jiang MaoCheng , Hu ZiXuan , Yang TianYu , Zhan Kang , Zhao GuoQi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBuffalo milk contains more polyunsaturated fatty acids than bovine milk. However, it is not clear about the effects of buffalo milk and bovine milk on lipid metabolism. In this study, a mouse model was used to explore the effects of buffalo milk and bovine milk on lipid metabolism in mice. The experiment was divided into three groups: a control group on a normal diet; a bovine milk group infused with bovine milk; a buffalo milk group infused with buffalo milk. We fed three groups of mice (n = 6) for 6 weeks. These results showed that bovine milk and buffalo milk had no effect on body weight gain. Bovine milk increased the content of ApoA1, ApoB and glucose in serum, compared with the control group, but buffalo milk has no profound change in serum ApoB. Remarkably, buffalo milk decreased the content of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the liver lipid profile, and also downregulated the expression of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2) gene involved in the fatty acid oxidation in the liver. This study also found that bovine milk and buffalo milk did not cause the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors in serum and colon tissues. This experiment proved that buffalo milk has beneficial effects on the regulation of lipid metabolism, and also does not affect the normal growth and pro‐inflammatory response of the colon in mice. It provides a theoretical basis for future in‐depth research on the special functions of buffalo milk and the development of buffalo milk functional foods.
The effect of excessive elemental sulfur addition on feed intake, digestibility, rumen characteristics, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in Thai native beef cattle fed a diet containing high fresh cassava root
Authors: Sumadong Phussorn , So Sarong , Cherdthong Anusorn , Wanapat Metha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to study the effect of excessive elemental sulfur addition on intake, digestibility, rumen characteristics, blood metabolites and nitrogen balance in Thai native beef cattle fed diets containing high fresh cassava root (FCR) supplementation. Four Thai native beef cattle with an initial body weight (BW) of 100 ± 10.0 kg were used and randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Two levels of FCR supplementation at 15 (FCR‐1.5) and 20 g/kg of BW (FCR‐2) and two levels of sulfur supplementation in concentrate at 10 (Sulfur‐1) and 20 g/kg dry matter concentrate (Sulfur‐2) were evaluated. This study showed that sulfur and FCR in combination (p < 0.05) increased dry matter and organic matter digestibility and bacterial population. Sulfur‐2 resulted in higher (p < 0.05) sulfur intake and serum thiocyanate concentration than Sulfur‐1. FCR‐2 had a greater (p < 0.05) FCR intake, total volatile fatty acids and propionate concentration than FCR‐1.5. In conclusion, excessive elemental sulfur addition with high FCR supplementation showed no negative effect in Thai native beef cattle.
Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles as potent antibacterial effective against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Campo-Beleño C. , Villamizar-Gallardo R.A. , López-Jácome L.E. , González E.E. , Muñoz-Carranza S. , Franco B. , Morales-Espinosa R. , Coria-Jimenez R. , Franco-Cendejas R. , Hernández-Durán M. , Lara-Martínez R. , Jiménez-García L.F. , Fernández-Presas A.M. , García-Contreras R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most worrisome infectious bacteria due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance against several antibiotics and the recalcitrance of its infections; hence, the development of novel antimicrobials effective against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa is mandatory. In this work, silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using a leaf extract and fungi were tested against a battery of clinical strains from cystic fibrosis, pneumonia and burnt patients, some of them with multidrug resistance. Both nanoparticles showed a potent antibacterial effect, causing severe damage to the cell wall, membrane and DNA, and inducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the nanoparticles derived from fungi showed synergistic antibacterial effects with the antibiotics meropenem and levofloxacin for some clinical strains and both kinds of nanoparticles were nontoxic for larvae of the moth Galleria mellonella, encouraging further research for their implementation in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Optimization of environmental factors in a dual in vitro biofilm model of Candida albicans–Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Li J. , Wu Y. , Zhang Q. , Zhao J. , Zhang H. , Chen W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans–Candida albicans is an important virulence factor for dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of some environmental conditions on the biofilm formation like inoculation concentration, temperature, sugar, amino acid, metal ions and saliva, and then establish a persistent in vitro biofilm model for further research. Based on the single factor experiment, the factors participating in the biofilm formation including sugar, inoculation concentration, and saliva increased the biofilm mass, while amino acid, metal ions, temperatures reduced biofilm mass. Optimal conditions for biofilm formation were the inoculation dosage of S. mutans and C. albicans of 108 and 107, respectively, the addition of 0·3 g l−1 sucrose and sterile saliva. These results contribute to a deep understanding of the factors involved in oral biofilm formation of the important cariogenic pathogen S. mutans and the opportunistic pathogen C. albicans to study better for biofilm and promote the design of new therapeutic approaches. The present research also provides a model for evaluating the therapeutic potential for drugs in the future.
The contribution of undergraduate medical education dress codes to systemic discrimination: A critical policy analysis
Authors: Ruzycki Shannon M. , Daodu Oluwatomilayo , Hernandez Santanna , Lithgow Kirstie C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeCritical review of institutional policies is necessary to identify and eliminate structural discrimination in medical schools. Dress code policies are well known to facilitate discrimination in other settings.MethodsIn this critical policy analysis, the authors used qualitative inquiry guided by feminist critical policy analysis (FCPA) and critical race feminism (CRF) frameworks to understand how Canadian undergraduate medical school dress code policies may contribute to discrimination and a hostile culture for marginalised groups. Dress code policies were obtained from 14 of 17 Canadian medical schools in September 2021. Deductive content analysis of dress codes was performed independently and in parallel by all four members of a racially diverse study team using Edwards and Marshalls' established framework for applying FCPA and CRF to dress code policy statements. Inductive content analysis was used to classify statements that fell outside this framework. Using a historical and contemporary legal understanding of how dress code policies have been used to discriminate against marginalised groups, the authors analysed how recommendations or restrictions may contribute to discrimination of marginalised medical students.ResultsFourteen dress code policies were analysed. Overall, there were five feminine‐coded restrictions for every one masculine‐coded restriction (n = 77/213 and n = 16/213, respectively). Some policies prohibited feminine‐coded items (e.g. perfumes and bracelets) while specifically allowing masculine‐coded items (e.g. cologne and watches). A discourse of ‘professionalism’ based on patient preferences prioritised Eurocentric patriarchal norms for appearance, potentially penalising racially and culturally diverse students. Most policies did not include a policy for appeals or accommodations.ConclusionCanadian undergraduate medical school dress code policies overregulate women and gender, racially and culturally diverse students by explicitly and implicitly enforcing white patriarchal social norms. Administrators should apply best practices to these policies to avoid discrimination and a hostile culture to marginalised groups.
Second Thoughts About My Favourite Theory
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA straightforward way to handle moral uncertainty is simply to follow the moral theory in which you have most credence. This approach is known as My Favourite Theory. In this paper, I argue that, in some cases, My Favourite Theory prescribes choices that are, sequentially, worse in expected moral value than the opposite choices according to each moral theory you have any credence in. In addition, this problem generalizes to other approaches that avoid intertheoretic comparisons of value, such as My Favourite Option, the Borda Rule, Variance Normalization and the Principle of Maximizing Expected Normalized Moral Value.
Time, health service utilisation and health status in Africa: Evidence from six countries
Authors: Mwabu Germano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe debate on mechanisms for health‐care financing in sub‐Saharan Africa since the pre‐independence days has focused on roles of markets and governments in mobilising resources to finance health services, with little or no awareness of the role played by the household time allocations across everyday tasks. The paper first examines the response of health service utilisation to monetary prices of care and to the time costs of fetching water and firewood. Next it estimates the effect of service usage on health status using comparable survey data from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Niger and Uganda. The main finding of the study is that health service utilisation is negatively associated with the monetary and time costs incurred to access health facilities, but the effect of service usage on health status in the study samples is generally positive. The evidence from this study and that from previous investigations in the field, both suggest that a broad‐based health‐care financing strategy in sub‐Saharan Africa should include affordable user charges, local level public provision of social insurance and water supplies, as well as investments in domestic fuel technologies and transportation infrastructure directed at reducing time poverty.
Parental legacy versus regulatory innovation in salt stress responsiveness of allopolyploid cotton (Gossypium) species
Authors: Dong Yating , Hu Guanjing , Grover Corrinne E. , Miller Emma R. , Zhu Shuijin , Wendel Jonathan F. 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYPolyploidy provides an opportunity for evolutionary innovation and species diversification, especially under stressful conditions. In allopolyploids, the conditional dynamics of homoeologous gene expression can be either inherited from ancestral states pre‐existing in the parental diploids or novel upon polyploidization, the latter potentially permitting a wider range of phenotypic responses to stresses. To gain insight into regulatory mechanisms underlying the diversity of salt resistance in Gossypium species, we compared global transcriptomic responses to modest salinity stress in two allotetraploid (AD‐genome) cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum and G. mustelinum, relative to their model diploid progenitors (A‐genome and D‐genome). Multivariate and pairwise analyses of salt‐responsive changes revealed a profound alteration of gene expression for about one third of the transcriptome. Transcriptional responses and associated functional implications of salt acclimation varied across species, as did species‐specific coexpression modules among species and ploidy levels. Salt responsiveness in both allopolyploids was strongly biased toward the D‐genome progenitor. A much lower level of transgressive downregulation was observed in the more salt‐tolerant G. mustelinum than in the less tolerant G. hirsutum. By disentangling inherited effects from evolved responses, we show that expression biases that are not conditional upon salt stress approximately equally reflect parental legacy and regulatory novelty upon allopolyploidization, whereas stress‐responsive biases are predominantly novel, or evolved, in allopolyploids. Overall, our work suggests that allopolyploid cottons acquired a wide range of stress response flexibility relative to their diploid ancestors, most likely mediated by complex suites of duplicated genes and regulatory factors.
Multi‐national survey of transfusion experiences and preferences of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Vijenthira Abi , Starkman Rebecca , Lin Yulia , Stanworth Simon J. , Bowen David , Harrison Lea , Wintrich Sophie , Callum Jeannie , Buckstein Rena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion dependence on red blood cells (RBCs) is common for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) but transfusion practice and experience for outpatients with MDS are largely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a web‐based cross‐sectional multi‐national survey to audit real‐world transfusion practices and understand the experiences and preferences of patients with MDS requiring RBC transfusion. The survey comprised 57 questions and was distributed to patients in the United States of America, Canada, and the United Kingdom.Results447 respondents (45% female) with a median age of 72 years (IQR 66–77) were eligible on the basis of receiving an RBC transfusion in the last 8 weeks. There was wide variability in the hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion with the most common being <80 g/L. 40% of patients were transfused at a lower threshold (<70–75 g/L), with the largest proportion of these patients from the United States. Patients experienced significant symptoms prior to receiving a transfusion with fatigue and dyspnea having the most negative impacts on quality of life. Finally, patients endorsed two potential alterations to transfusion care that could improve their quality of life, including self‐administered point of care testing of hemoglobin and higher hemoglobin transfusion thresholds. Of these patients, 62% preferred a threshold of at least 85 g/L, and 20% preferred a threshold of at least 100 g/L.DiscussionIn summary, this multi‐national survey of patients with MDS requiring RBC transfusions demonstrated substantial variation in patients' experiences and preferences that differed also by country, supporting the need for further comparative clinical trials of transfusion practice interventions.