bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Mapping Function to Estimate Bond–Slip and Bond Strength of RC Beams Using Genetic Programming
Authors: Jeong Hoseong , Ji Seongwoo , Kim Jae Hyun , Choi Seung-Ho , Heo Inwook , Kim Kang Su 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBond–slip is an important characteristic that determines the stiffness, displacement, and load-bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete (RC) beam. It is essential for performing a precise numerical analysis of the beam. In most cases, bond–slip models can define the bond–slip curve only when there are experimental data. However, many bond test data have been obtained from pull-out tests, and the dominant view is that the bond–slip behavior observed in the pull-out test is quite different from that in an actual RC beam. Therefore, a mapping function that makes it possible to estimate the bond–slip behaviors of beam specimens using those of pull-out specimens was developed in this study. A total of 255 pull-out specimen data and 75 beam specimen data were collected from previous studies, and the importance and influence of each feature of the two groups were analyzed using random forest and K-means clustering. The mapping function was derived using genetic programming, and its accuracy was verified through a comparison with existing models. The proposed model exhibits a high degree of accuracy in estimating bond–slip and bond strength in beam specimens and can provide useful information for understanding the difference in bond–slip behaviors between the two groups.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of chronic heat stress on meat quality of broilers
Authors: Liu Zhen , Liu Yingsen , Xing Tong , Li Jiaolong , Zhang Lin , Jiang Yun , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic heat stress has a negative impact on poultry meat quality. Although this has been extensively investigated, previous studies have primarily focused on metabolic alterations and oxidative stress in the pectoralis major (PM) muscle under chronic heat stress, and not all of the underlying molecular mechanisms are completely understood.

Methods
A total of 144 male Arbor Acres broilers (28 d old) were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups: (1) the normal control (NC) group, with broilers raised at 22 °C and fed a basal diet; (2) the heat stress (HS) group, with birds raised at 32 °C and fed a basal diet; and (3) the pair-fed (PF) group, with birds raised at 22 °C and fed the amount of feed equal to the feed consumed on the previous day by the HS group. The experiment lasted for 14 d.

Results
Chronic heat stress decreased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain, increased feed:gain ratio (P < 0.05); and increased drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, hardness, and decreased pH, redness (a*); and springiness of PM muscle (P < 0.05). Furthermore, chronic heat stress decreased muscle fiber density, increased connective tissue, and led to intracellular vacuolation. The transcriptome analyses indicated that the effect of chronic heat stress on meat quality was not only related to metabolism and oxidative stress, but also to signal transduction, immune system, transport and catabolism, cell growth and death, and muscle structure.

Conclusions
Chronic heat stress has a negative impact on the growth performance, meat quality, and the PM muscle structure of broilers. Transcriptome analysis revealed a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of the chronic heat stress-induced deterioration of broiler meat quality at the transcriptional level.
Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale (VAX) in a Spanish sample
Authors: Espejo Begoña , Checa Irene , Martín-Carbonell Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn these times of pandemic, the acceptance or rejection of vaccines has become increasingly clear, with a considerable rise in the anti-vaccine movement in Spain. It is important to understand the attitudes that lead a person to refuse vaccination in order to develop more effective public health campaigns. The objective of this study has been to study the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale in a Spanish sample. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling have been used to study the psychometric properties of the VAX. Likewise, the measurement invariance by gender and educational level has been studied. The structure of four related factors for VAX is confirmed, as well as its predictive value, since the factor “trust in the benefit of the vaccine” clearly predicts the choice to be vaccinated. The strong measurement invariance by gender and educational level is also confirmed. The comparison of latent means between groups indicates that there are no differences by gender in any factor. However, people with a high educational level present higher scores in factors “concern about unforeseen future effects”, “concern about commercial effects and speculation” and “preference for natural immunity”. The VAX is presented as a reliable and valid tool to assess four different factors related to attitudes towards vaccines in Spain. Future studies of its cross-cultural invariance may help to determine the main factors that lead people not to be vaccinated in order to develop more effective public health campaigns.
CAR-T cell potency: from structural elements to vector backbone components
Authors: Mazinani Marzieh , Rahbarizadeh Fatemeh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, in which a patient’s own T lymphocytes are engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells, has achieved remarkable success in some hematological malignancies in preclinical and clinical trials, resulting in six FDA-approved CAR-T products currently available in the market. Once equipped with a CAR construct, T cells act as living drugs and recognize and eliminate the target tumor cells in an MHC-independent manner. In this review, we first described all structural modular of CAR in detail, focusing on more recent findings. We then pointed out behind-the-scene elements contributing to CAR expression and reviewed how CAR expression can be drastically affected by the elements embedded in the viral vector backbone.
Genome wide identification and characterization of MAPK genes reveals their potential in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Sadau Salisu Bello , Mehari Teame Gereziher , Ahmad Adeel , Tajo Sani Muhammad , Ibrahim Sani , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Elasad Mohammed , Zhang Jingjing , Wei Hengling , Yu Shuxun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The cotton crop is universally considered as protein and edible oil source besides the major contributor of natural fiber and is grown in tropical and subtropical regions around the world Unpredicted environmental stresses are becoming significant threats to sustainable cotton production, ultimately leading to a substantial irreversible economic loss. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is generally considered essential for recognizing environmental stresses through phosphorylating downstream signal pathways and plays a vital role in numerous biological processes.

Results
We have identified 74 MAPK genes across cotton, 41 from G. hirsutum, 19 from G. raimondii, whereas 14 have been identified from G. arboreum. The MAPK gene-proteins have been further studied to determine their physicochemical characteristics and other essential features. In this perspective, characterization, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal mapping, gene motif, cis-regulatory element, and subcellular localization were carried out. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the MAPK family in cotton is usually categorized as A, B, C, D, and E clade. According to the results of the phylogenic relationship, cotton has more MAPKS genes in Clade A than Clade B. The cis-elements identified were classified into five groups (hormone responsiveness, light responsiveness, stress responsiveness, cellular development, and binding site). The prevalence of such elements across the promoter region of these genes signifies their role in the growth and development of plants. Seven GHMAPK genes (GH_A07G1527, GH_D02G1138, GH_D03G0121, GH_D03G1517, GH_D05G1003, GH_D11G0040, and GH_D12G2528) were selected, and specific tissue expression and profiling were performed across drought and salt stresses. Results expressed that six genes were upregulated under drought treatment except for GH_D11G0040 which is downregulated. Whereas all the seven genes have been upregulated at various hours of salt stress treatment.

Conclusions
RNA sequence and qPCR results showed that genes as differentially expressed across both vegetative and reproductive plant parts. Similarly, the qPCR analysis showed that six genes had been upregulated substantially through drought treatment while all the seven genes were upregulated across salt treatments. The results of this study showed that cotton GHMPK3 genes play an important role in improving cotton resistance to drought and salt stresses. MAPKs are thought to play a significant regulatory function in plants' responses to abiotic stresses according to various studies. MAPKs' involvement in abiotic stress signaling and innovation is a key goal for crop species research, especially in crop breeding.
Pulmonary Vasodilator Response of Combined Inhaled Epoprostenol and Inhaled Milrinone in Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Elmi-Sarabi Mahsa , Jarry Stéphanie , Couture Etienne J. , Haddad François , Cogan Jennifer , Sweatt Andrew J. , Rousseau-Saine Nicolas , Beaubien-Souligny William , Fortier Annik , Denault André Y. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are major complications in cardiac surgery. Intraoperative management of patients at high risk of RV failure should aim to reduce RV afterload and optimize RV filling pressures, while avoiding systemic hypotension, to facilitate weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Inhaled epoprostenol and inhaled milrinone (iE&iM) administered in combination before CPB may represent an effective strategy to facilitate separation from CPB and reduce requirements for intravenous inotropes during cardiac surgery. Our primary objective was to report the rate of positive pulmonary vasodilator response to iE&iM and, second, how it relates to perioperative outcomes in cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with PH or RV dysfunction undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery at the Montreal Heart Institute from July 2013 to December 2018 (n = 128). iE&iM treatment was administered using an ultrasonic mesh nebulizer before the initiation of CPB. Demographic and baseline clinical data, as well as hemodynamic, intraoperative, and echocardiographic data, were collected using electronic records. An increase of 20% in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) to mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) ratio was used to indicate a positive response to iE&iM.

RESULTS:
In this cohort, 77.3% of patients were responders to iE&iM treatment. Baseline systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–2.16 per 5 mm Hg; P = .0006) was found to be a predictor of pulmonary vasodilator response, while a European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE II) score >6.5% was a predictor of nonresponse to treatment (≤6.5% vs >6.5% [reference]: OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.84–14.66; P = .002). Severity of PH was associated with a positive response to treatment, where a higher proportion of responders had MPAP values >30 mm Hg (42.4% responders vs 24.1% nonresponders; P = .0237) and SPAP values >55 mm Hg (17.2% vs 3.4%; P = .0037). Easier separation from CPB was also associated with response to iE&iM treatment (69.7% vs 58.6%; P = .0181). A higher proportion of nonresponders had a very difficult separation from CPB and required intravenous inotropic drug support compared to responders, for whom easy separation from CPB was more frequent. Use of intravenous inotropes after CPB was lower in responders to treatment (8.1% vs 27.6%; P = .0052).

CONCLUSIONS:
A positive pulmonary vasodilator response to treatment with a combination of iE&iM before initiation of CPB was observed in 77% of patients. Higher baseline SPAP was an independent predictor of pulmonary vasodilator response, while EuroSCORE II >6.5% was a predictor of nonresponse to treatment.
Randomized Assessment of the Optimal Time Interval Between Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses When Combined With the Dural Puncture Epidural Technique for Labor Analgesia
Authors: Yao Han-Qing , Huang Jia-Yue , Deng Jia-Li , Liu Lin , Ai Ling , Kee Warwick D. Ngan , Xiao Fei 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
The dural puncture epidural (DPE) and programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) techniques are recent advances in neuraxial labor analgesia. Previous studies have investigated the PIEB optimal interval for effective analgesia when a standard epidural technique is used to initiate labor analgesia. However, it is unknown whether these findings are applicable when DPE is used.

METHODS:
Patients were randomized into 1 of 5 groups with PIEB intervals of 35, 40, 45, 50, or 55 minutes. Labor analgesia was initiated on request with a DPE technique by epidural injection over 2 minutes of 15 mL of ropivacaine 0.1% with sufentanil 0.5 μg/mL after a dural puncture with a 25-gauge Whitacre needle. Effective analgesia was defined as no additional requirement for a patient-controlled bolus during the first stage of labor. The PIEB interval that was effective in 50% of patients (EI50) and 90% of patients (EI90) was estimated using probit regression.

RESULTS:
One hundred laboring parturients received the DPE technique of whom 93 proceeded to have analgesia maintained with PIEB using 10 mL boluses of ropivacaine 0.1% and sufentanil 0.5 μg/mL. Totals of 89.5% (17/19), 84.2% (16/19), 82.4% (14/17), 52.6% (11/19), and 36.8% (7/19) of patients in groups 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55, respectively, received effective PIEB analgesia. The estimated values for EI50 and EI90 were 52.5 (95% CI, 48.4–62.6) minutes and 37.0 (95% CI, 28.4–40.9) minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The estimate of the PIEB optimal interval for effective analgesia after the DPE technique was comparable to that reported in previous studies when analgesia was initiated using a conventional epidural technique.
Cohabitation and Marriage Among Same-Sex Couples in the 2019 ACS and CPS: A Research Note
Authors: Manning Wendy D. , Westrick-Payne Krista K. , Gates Gary J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since the 2015 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that marriages of same-sex couples are legal in all states in the union, federal surveys have adapted to the shifting legal climate and included new measures that more directly identify same-sex and different-sex cohabiting and married couples. In this research note comparing the largest and most recent federal surveys—the 2019 American Community Survey and Current Population Survey—we find consistent levels of cohabitation and marriage across surveys. While the vast majority (90%) of different-sex couples were married, we report a more even split in cohabitation and marriage among same-sex couples. Our evaluation of sociodemographic characteristics of married and cohabiting couples indicates that differences were less prominent among same-sex couples than among different-sex couples, suggesting weaker sociodemographic selection into marriage among the former. However, factors affecting same-sex and different-sex couples' decisions to live together and marry may differ because of legal and social climates that still present unique obstacles for same-sex couples. Researchers need to acknowledge these differences in assessments of the implications of marriage for health and well-being.
On Singular Control for Lévy Processes
Authors: Noba Kei , Yamazaki Kazutoshi 
Published: September 2022

We revisit the classical singular control problem of minimizing running and controlling costs. Existing studies have shown the optimality of a barrier strategy when driven by Brownian motion or Lévy processes with one-sided jumps. Under the assumption that the running cost function is convex, we show the optimality of a barrier strategy for a general class of Lévy processes. Funding: This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Grants 18J12680, 19H01791, 20K035758, 21K13807, and JPJSBP120209921] and a University of Queensland start-up grant.
Maqoshid Sharia And The Importance Of Consuming Halal Food Products For Z Muslim Generation
Authors: Herindar Evania 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to see the effect of halal awareness and halal certification on purchasing decisions of halal food products with purchase intention as an intervening variable. In addition, this study also explains maqashid sharia on halal food products in terms of the five basic principles of maqshid sharia and their level of need. The method used in this research is path analysis by taking 151 respondents (generation Z) as the research sample drawn based on purposive sampling with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that halal awareness and halal certification positively and significantly affected buying interest. Furthermore, only halal certification and purchase intention completely and significantly affect purchasing decisions. In this study, buying interest is an intervening variable. Maqosid sharia halal food products is a shari'a goal that is ordered to consume halal food based on five main elements; hifdzud din (maintaining religion), hifdzun-nafs (guarding the soul), hifdzul-'aql (guarding reason), hifdzun nasl (keeping offspring), and hifdzul mal (maintaining the property), and considering the level of human needs, dharuriyyat (immediate needs), hajiyat (secondary needs), and tahsiniyat (tertiary needs). The implications of this research, especially for producers to carry out halal certification on their products because Z Muslim generation also aware of the importance of the halal logo when they want to buy a food product. In addition, this research is also helpful for further researchers who are interested in researching halal products by adding other variables.
The relationship between handgrip and rotator cuff muscle strength in shoulder pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: D'mello Reem , Eapen Charu , Shenoy Manisha , Dineshbhai Patel Vivekbhai 
Published: September 2022

Background/Aims Shoulder pain is reported to be the third most common musculoskeletal disorder. Rotator cuff muscles play an important role in stabilising the shoulder and decreasing pain. Assessment of handgrip strength has been proposed as an indicator of rotator cuff function in healthy individuals, but not in those experiencing shoulder pain. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between handgrip strength and shoulder rotator cuff strength in patients experiencing shoulder pain as a result of pathology or surgical intervention. A secondary aim was to identify any association between the duration of shoulder pain and handgrip strength and shoulder rotator cuff strength. Methods A total of 32 patients with shoulder pain (19 men, 13 women) were evaluated. The mean age was 52.88 (± 15.66) years, with a mean duration of shoulder pain of 13.44 (± 10.22) weeks. Handgrip strength was measured using the standard Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer, and individual isometric rotator cuff strength was measured using the Baseline push-pull dynamometer. Results Correlation was found between handgrip strength and the abductor (r=0.58), external rotator (r=0.57), and internal rotator strength (r=0.59). A linear regression model was used to derive the equations for the association. No significant (P>0.05) correlation was found between the duration of pain and the handgrip strength or rotator cuff strength. Conclusions The strength of the correlation found indicates that handgrip strength can be used for assessment and within a rehabilitation programme to monitor rotator cuff function in patients with shoulder pain or post-surgical rehabilitation. The strength of rotator cuff muscles can be predicted by the equations derived from the regression model relating to grip strength assessment.
Fiber optic strain rate sensor based on a differentiating interferometer
Authors: Li Huicong , Huang Wenzhu , Zhang Wentao , Zhang Jianxiang 
Published: September 2022

Strain rate is an important basic physical parameter in the fields of deformation observation, geodetic measurement, and geophysical monitoring. This paper proposes a novel fiber optic strain rate sensor (FOSRS) that can directly measure the strain rate through a differentiating interferometer that converts the strain rate to the optical phase. The sensing principle, sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range of the proposed FOSRS are theoretically analyzed and verified by experiment. The experimental results show that the developed FOSRS with a 12.1 m sensing fiber has a flat sensitivity of 69.50 dB, a nanostrain rate (

n
ε
/
s

) resolution, and a dynamic range of better than 95 dB. An ultrahigh static resolution of 17.07

pε
/
s

can be achieved by using a 25.277 km sensing fiber for long baseline measurements. The proposed method significantly outperforms existing indirect measurement methods and has potential applications in geophysical monitoring and crustal deformation observation.