bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Curvature Improvement in Men with Peyronie's Disease Treated with Intralesional Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum
Authors: Flores Jose M. , Nascimento Bruno , Punjani Nahid , Salter Carolyn A. , Bernie Helen L. , Taniguchi Hisanori , Miranda Eduardo , Terrier Jean-Etienne , Schofield Elizabeth , Jenkins Lawrence , Mulhall John P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPenile curvature is the most common abnormality that is observed by men with Peyronie's disease (PD). Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) has become a standard treatment for PD patients.AimTo identify predictor factors associated with improvements of penile curvature outcomes in men with PD treated with CCH.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the data of patients with PD treated with CCH up to 8 injections divided into 4 cycles between January 2014 and July 2020. Per protocol, penile curvature was assessed at baseline, and after the second and ford CCH cycle. If after cycle 2, curvature demonstrated no improvement, or penile curvature was significantly improved and the patient was happy, no further treatment was recommended. However, if penile curvature was significantly improved and the patient remained dissatisfied, 4 cycles were completed. Three categories of response were evaluated: improvement (≥10 degrees or ≥20%, either 1 happens), unchanged (±10 degrees or ±20%) or worsened (≥10 degrees or ≥20%, either 1 happens). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictive factors associated with penile curvature improvements.OutcomesDegrees of the curvature changes between the baseline and after the cycles of CCH.ResultsA total of 114 patients underwent CCH treatment. Median age was 57 years. Median PD duration was 11 months. At baseline, mean curvature was 47 degrees, 65% had dorsal curvature, 53% mid-shaft location, and 15% calcification. After CCH treatment, the mean final curvature was 40 degrees. A total of 44% improved the curvature, 39% had no change while 17% worsened after CCH treatment. Of men who had penile curvature improvement with CCH treatment, the mean curvature decreasing in degrees and percentage were 22 degrees and 41%, respectively. Men with baseline curvature ≤ 30, 31–59, and ≥ 60 degrees, the percentage curvature improvement were 29%, 43%, and 60%, respectively. Baseline curvature was the only significant predictor of penile curvature improvement after CCH (OR 1.33, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.7).Clinical ImplicationsWe confirmed baseline penile curvature is the most important predictive factor, and this is the first report describing proportions of penile curvature improvement with CCH treatment.Strengths and LimitationsThis study has several strengths, including the use of validated instruments. Nonetheless, there are limitations: the retrospective nature of the study, a single institution; and modelling device was not controlled.ConclusionPenile curvature improvement was significantly more common in patients with greater baseline curvature, reaching up to 60% for patients with ≥ 60 degrees.
Resolution Sensitivity of the GRIST Nonhydrostatic Model From 120 to 5 km (3.75 km) During the DYAMOND Winter
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Xiaohan , Liu Zhuang , Rong Xinyao , Li Jian , Zhou Yihui , Chen Suyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigated the resolution sensitivity of the Global‐to‐Regional Integrated forecast SysTem global nonhydrostatic model characterized by explicit dynamics–microphysics coupling using varying uniform resolutions (120, 60, 30, 15, and 5 km). The experiments followed the DYnamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled On Non‐hydrostatic Domains (DYAMOND) winter protocol, which covers a 40‐day integration. These simulations did not activate parameterized convection. One 120 km test with parameterized convection was performed as a coarse‐resolution reference. Other model configurations for different simulations were kept as consistent as possible. Our results showed that the model gradually improved its representation of the fine‐scale features as the resolution increased. The 5 km simulation was overall close to a 3.75 km simulation during the first 12 days of the DYAMOND winter. With respect to the mean climate, the 5 km simulation had a more realistic rainfall distribution than the lower resolution explicit convection simulations. Cloud water and the related physical fields (e.g., shortwave cloud radiative forcing) had a large resolution sensitivity. The tropical rainfall frequency–intensity spectra became more realistic in the 5 km explicit convection simulation, but the 120 km run with parameterized convection showed a more realistic mean climate. As the resolution increases, the mean bulk effect of finely resolved model convection gradually converges to that of parameterized convection. The mean climate of this storm‐resolving model has slightly higher rainfall biases than a parameterized convection coarse‐resolution model, highlighting the importance of balancing resolved‐ and under‐resolved model convection for developing a unified multiscale global model.
The Contribution of Vegetation‐Climate Feedback and Resultant Sea Ice Loss to Amplified Arctic Warming During the Mid‐Holocene
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Qiong , Kjellström Erik , Lu Zhengyao , Chen Fahu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding influence of vegetation on past temperature changes in the Arctic region would help isolate uncertainty and build understanding of its broader climate system, with implications for paleoclimate reconstructions and future climate change. Using an Earth system model EC‐Earth, we conduct a series of simulations to investigate the impact of vegetation‐climate feedback on the Arctic climate during the mid‐Holocene. Results show Arctic greening induced by the warming resulting from stronger orbital forcing, further amplifies the Arctic warming. The increased vegetation contributes 0.33°C of Arctic warming and 0.35 × 106 km2 of Arctic sea ice loss. Increased Arctic vegetation leads to reduced land surface albedo and increased evapotranspiration, both of which cause local warming in spring and summer. The resultant sea ice loss causes warming in the following seasons, with atmospheric circulation anomalies further amplifying the warming. Our results highlight the significant contribution of vegetation‐climate feedback to Arctic climate under natural conditions.
Northward Shift of the Northern Hemisphere Westerlies in the Early to Late Miocene and Its Links to Tibetan Uplift
Authors: Tang Yi , Wan Shiming , Clift Peter D. , Zhao Debo , Xu Zhaokai , Zhang Jin , Song Zehua , Jin Hualong , Li Mengjun , Shi Xuefa , Li Anchun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the importance of the westerlies to the global climate system, we still know little about their long‐term evolution and possible orographic controls during the late Cenozoic because of the lack of sedimentary records with precise chronological control. Eolian deposition in the North Pacific preserved past information about the westerlies, the major wind system delivering Asian dust to the Pacific. A continuous, high‐resolution eolian flux record since 23 Ma was reconstructed from sediments at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 296 in the North Pacific. Combined with dust flux at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1208, variations in their difference indicated a northwards shift of the westerlies during 23‒9 Ma and a relatively stable state since then. We suggest that Tibetan uplift since the early Miocene began to drive the poleward shift of the westerlies until 9 Ma, after which the westerlies remained relatively stable over Asia on million‐year timescales.
Response of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions to Urbanization in Asia Probed With TROPOMI and VIIRS Satellite Observations
Authors: Pu Dongchuan , Zhu Lei , De Smedt Isabelle , Li Xicheng , Sun Wenfu , Wang Dakang , Liu Song , Li Juan , Shu Lei , Chen Yuyang , Sun Shuai , Zuo Xiaoxing , Fu Weitao , Xu Peng , Yang Xin , Fu Tzung‐May 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmissions of air pollutants and their precursors in urban air closely relate to urbanization involving economic development, population growth, and industrialization. Here we use formaldehyde (HCHO) columns from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), night‐time light (NTL) radiance from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, and population density data as respective proxies to explore how anthropogenic non‐methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions evolve with urbanization in Asia. HCHO columns correlate moderately to highly (0.64 ≤ r ≤ 0.99) with the NTL radiance within most major Asian countries. On both national (across Asia) and provincial scales (within China), HCHO columns increase monotonically with NTL radiance or population density with a log‐linear pattern, implying anthropogenic NMVOC emissions in Asia may similarly respond to urbanization with no apparent turnover yet. Our study confirms TROPOMI HCHO columns as a proxy of anthropogenic NMVOC emissions.
Hysteresis Behaviors in East Asian Extreme Precipitation Frequency to CO2 Pathway
Authors: Jo Seo‐Young , Seong Min‐Gyu , Min Seung‐Ki , Kug Jong‐Seong , Yeh Sang‐Wook , An Soon‐Il , Son Seok‐Woo , Shin Jongsoo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding regional hydro‐climatic extreme responses to CO2 pathways is fundamental to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study evaluates responses of extreme precipitation frequency (R30mm: days with precipitation ≥30 mm) over East Asia to idealized CO2 forcing using the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). Under a symmetric increase (ramp‐up, +1% per year until quadrupling level) and decrease (ramp‐down, about −1% per year back to the present level) of CO2 concentrations, East Asian R30mm shows an asymmetric response with higher frequency during the ramp‐down period. This hysteresis behavior is found to be due to a northwestward propagating wave response to the El Niño‐like warming, which induces a three‐cell (positive‐negative‐positive) R30mm difference pattern from central equatorial Pacific to East Asia. Monthly analysis further reveals that this asymmetry has a seasonal locking, occurring during July–September only, constrained by the background precipitation climatology over the sub‐tropical western Pacific.
A Scalable Framework for Post Fire Debris Flow Hazard Assessment Using Satellite Precipitation Data
Authors: Orland Elijah , Kirschbaum Dalia , Stanley Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWildfire is a global phenomenon that has dramatic effects on erosion and flood potential. On steep slopes, burned areas are more likely to experience significant overland flow during heavy rainfall leading to post fire debris flows (PFDFs). Previous work establishes methods for PFDF hazard assessment, often relying on regional‐scale parameterizations with in‐situ rainfall measurements to categorize hazard as a function of meteorological and surface properties. We present a globally scalable approach to extend the benefit these models provide to new areas. Our new model relies on publicly available satellite‐based inputs with a global extent to provide first order hazard assessments of recently burned areas. Our results show it is possible to identify the conditions relevant for PFDF‐initiation processes across a variety of physiographic settings. Improvements to satellite‐borne rainfall intensity data and increased availability of PFDF occurrence data worldwide are expected to enhance model skill and applicability further.
Determining Variability in Arctic Sea Ice Pressure Ridge Topography With ICESat‐2
Authors: Duncan K. , Farrell S. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate the characteristics and distribution of pressure ridges in Arctic sea ice using a novel algorithm applied to ICESat‐2 surface heights. We derive the frequency and height of individual pressure ridges and map surface roughness and ridging intensity at the basin scale over three winters between 2019 and 2021. Comparisons with near‐coincident airborne lidar data show that not only can we detect individual ridges 5.6 m wide, but also measure sail height more accurately than the existing ICESat‐2 sea ice height product. We find large regional variability in ridge morphology not only related to parent ice type but also geographic location. Ridge sails are best represented by log‐normal distributions while surface roughness is well fit by an exponential normal function. Our results reveal that high‐resolution satellite altimetry is valuable for characterizing sea ice deformation at short length‐scales and delivers observations that will advance ridging parameterizations in sea ice models.
First Lidar Profiling of Meteoric Ca+ Ion Transport From ∼80 to 300 km in the Midlatitude Nighttime Ionosphere
Authors: Jiao Jing , Chu Xinzhao , Jin Han , Wang Zelong , Xun Yuchang , Du Lifang , Zheng Haoran , Wu Fuju , Xu Jiyao , Yuan Wei , Yan Chunxiao , Wang Jihong , Yang Guotao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report a world record of lidar profiling of metallic Ca+ ions up to 300 km in the midlatitude nighttime ionosphere during geomagnetic quiet time. Ca+ measurements (∼80–300 km) were made over Beijing (40.42°N, 116.02°E) with an Optical‐Parametric‐Oscillator‐based lidar from March 2020 through June 2021. Main Ca+ layers (80–100 km) persist through all nights, and high‐density sporadic Ca+ layers (∼100–120 km) frequently occur in summer. Thermosphere‐ionosphere Ca+ (TICa+) layers (∼110–300 km) are likely formed via Ca+ uplifting from these sporadic layers. The lidar observations capture the complete evolution of TICa+ layers from onset to ending, revealing intriguing features. Concurrent ionosonde measurements show strong sporadic E layers developed before TICa+ and spread F onset. Neutral winds can partially account for observed vertical transport but enhanced electric fields are required to explain the results. Such lidar observations promise new insights into E‐ and F‐region coupling and plasma inhomogeneities.
A 2D Kaleidoscope of Electron Heat Fluxes Driven by Auroral Electron Precipitation
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Gabrielse Christine , Glocer Alex , Chu Mike , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Reyes Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectron heat flux is an important value for ionospheric space weather modeling networks. Utilizing the 2D array of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms all‐sky‐imager (ASI) observations, Gabrielse et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.744298) described a new method that estimates the auroral scale sizes of intense precipitating electron energy fluxes and their mean energies during two substorms on 16 February 2010. These parameters in combination with SuperThermal Electron Transport code were used to develop a new methodology to calculate electron thermal fluxes from data inputs in 2D during one of the substorms at 09:40:00 UT across Canada and Alaska. To test the effect of various precipitation lifetimes on electron heat flux values, boxcar averages ranging from 0 to 900 s were applied to the ASI data. These data are then combined with the newly developed kinetic simulation to determine the thermal fluxes associated with the observed diffuse and discrete precipitation.
Evidence of Strong Upper Oceanic Crustal Hydration Outboard the Alaskan and Sumatran Subduction Zones
Authors: Acquisto Tanner , Bécel Anne , Singh Satish C. , Carton Hélène 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe hydration state of subducting oceanic crust has been proposed to influence subduction zone processes like seismic coupling at the megathrust interface and arc magmatism downdip. Plate bending in the outer rise region is thought to help rehydrate the incoming oceanic lithosphere before subduction. Although numerous seismic refraction studies provide constraints on the amount of water stored in the lower crust and uppermost mantle, little information exists about how much free water is present in the upper 1–2 km of oceanic crust. Here, we present results from the application of advanced techniques to long‐offset multi‐channel seismic data acquired outboard the Alaskan and South Sumatran subduction zones. Our results show that the incoming upper crustal seismic layer, layer 2A, is significantly hydrated in both areas. Favorable conditions offshore the Alaska Peninsula promote the creation of a dense system of bending‐related faults, facilitating the infiltration of fluids that increases average water estimates to ∼3.9 wt.% H2O in the outer rise. As the crust subducts and temperature increases, some free water may react with the host rocks to form mineral‐bound water that is carried to greater depths, in agreement with elevated water contents found in arc lavas of Shumagin Gap volcanoes. Offshore Sumatra, we propose that similar layer 2A water estimates (∼3.2 wt.% H2O average) and heterogeneous hydration within 2B are associated with the ongoing, slow, complex deformation occurring in the Wharton Basin and thus potentially contribute to the presence of a long‐lived slow slip event recently inferred there at seismogenic depths.
Investigation of the Convection‐Allowing Prediction Error of an Extreme Precipitation Event of China Using CRTM‐Simulated Brightness Temperature
Authors: Yang Nan , Zhu Kefeng , Xue Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn extreme rainfall case occurred on 20 July 2016 in northern China, producing over 600 mm of maximum 24 hr accumulated rainfall. The case is characterized by low‐echo centroid (LEC) based on radar observations. It is simulated by Weather Research and Forecasting model at 4 km grid spacing using the Morrison two‐moment microphysics scheme. Infrared brightness temperature (BT) simulated using a radiative transfer model together with simulated reflectivity are used to evaluate the simulated cloud structures. In general, the model predicts the rainfall amount, location, and propagation well. However, it fails to accurately predict the three‐dimensional cloud structures. The predicted convective cores (>35 dBZ) are higher than the freezing level, suggesting the presence of active cold‐cloud processes while the observed LEC suggests that warm‐cloud processes dominate. The simulation also produces too many upper level clouds and over‐predicts the fractions of overshooting clouds, resulting great over‐prediction of cloud top height (CTH). Additionally, the sensitivity of simulated BT to predicted cloud properties including CTH, cloud species and hydrometeor effective radii are examined to better understand the sources of error in simulated BT. Among those factors, CTH is found to be most critical to BT simulation. For every kilometer of CTH over‐prediction, there is about 6.431 K of negative BT bias owing to the lapse rate and the absorption and scattering effects of cloud particles. For most cloudy regions, cloud ice dominates the effect on simulated BT. Using diagnosed effective radii of simulated hydrometeors within the radiative transfer model results in small improvement to the BT simulation.
Determination of Broadband Complex EM Parameters of Powdered Materials: 1. MCMC‐Based Two‐Port Transmission Line Measurements
Authors: Boivin A. L. , Tsai C.‐A. , Hickson D. C. , Ghent R. R. , Daly M. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation technique to determine frequency‐dependent complex dielectric permittivity and permeability of powdered planetary regolith analog materials from coaxial transmission line measurements. The technique uses either a flat (non‐dispersive) or a generalized dielectric response model to simultaneously determine the complex permittivity and permeability from measured scattering parameters. By exploring the parameter space, the technique reduces the dependence on good initial model parameters required by typical optimization methods. The technique can be used with either two‐port measurements or shorted measurements, where an additional one‐port shorted sample is measured. We find the technique is able to accurately determine electromagnetic parameters of low‐loss, high dielectric, and magnetic materials. The technique is also robust to half‐wavelength resonances in the sample as well as the presence of higher order modes.
Tectono‐Stratigraphic Evolution of the Foreland Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Abdelmaksoud A. , Ali M. Y. , Searle M. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe subsurface and surface structural geometries of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) fold‐and‐thrust belt (FTB) and foreland basins are interpreted from seismic, well data, and surface geology. Twelve horizons ranging in age from Miocene to Lower Jurassic were interpreted and mapped. Additionally, we outlined subsurface extent of Sumeini and Hawasina allochthonous nappes. The tectonic subsidence curves suggest that the final major passive margin rifting event occurred in the early Aalenian and lasted till Oxfordian. Loading of the Semail ophiolite thrust sheet and accompanying allochthonous thrust sheets resulted in uplift at ca. 95 Ma and rapid subsidence at ca. 83 Ma, indicating the transition of the Arabian margin from a rifted passive margin to a foreland basin. The region witnessed an accelerated subsidence during the late Oligocene‐Miocene, attributed to the initial collision of the Central Iran and Arabian plates. The Permian‐Jurassic NW‐SE oriented rift faults were reactivated as thrust faults during the Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction and late Oligocene‐Miocene continental collision. Two different tectonic regimes are identified in the FTB. The northern regime is characterized by major inversion of the rift faults with up to 3,700 m throw, whereas the southern regime has a major pop‐up structure with possible basement origin. Four major west‐verging and east‐dipping thrusts, which cross the northern area, form fault‐propagation folds and dissect the entire stratigraphy. Moreover, the Hawasina décollement, together with the inverted basement structures formed the Jabal Hafit anticline as a backthrust structure.
PFKFB4 interacts with FBXO28 to promote HIF-1α signaling in glioblastoma
Authors: Phillips Emma , Balss Jörg , Bethke Frederic , Pusch Stefan , Christen Stefan , Hielscher Thomas , Schnölzer Martina , Fletcher Michael N. C. , Habel Antje , Tessmer Claudia , Brenner Lisa-Marie , Göttmann Mona , Capper David , Herold-Mende Christel , von Deimling Andreas , Fendt Sarah-Maria , Goidts Violaine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor for which there is no cure. The metabolic enzyme 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) is essential for glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) survival but its mode of action is unclear. Understanding the role of PFKFB4 in tumor cell survival could allow it to be leveraged in a cancer therapy. Here, we show the importance of PFKFB4 for glioblastoma growth in vivo in an orthotopic patient derived mouse model. In an evaluation of patient tumor samples of different cancer entities, PFKFB4 protein was found to be overexpressed in prostate, lung, colon, mammary and squamous cell carcinoma, with expression level correlating with tumor grade. Gene expression profiling in PFKFB4-silenced GSCs revealed a downregulation of hypoxia related genes and Western blot analysis confirmed a dramatic reduction of HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) protein levels. Through mass spectrometric analysis of immunoprecipitated PFKFB4, we identified the ubiquitin E3 ligase, F-box only protein 28 (FBXO28), as a new interaction partner of PFKFB4. We show that PFKFB4 regulates the ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α, which is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase activity of FBXO28. This newly discovered function of PFKFB4, coupled with its cancer specificity, provides a new strategy for inhibiting HIF-1α in cancer cells.