bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal mercury exposure, fish intake and child emotional behavioural regulation in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Vejrup Kristine , Brantsæter Anne-Lise , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Knutsen Helle Katrine , Alexander Jan , Haugen Margareta , Jacka Felice 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveWhile maternal fish consumption in pregnancy has consistently been linked to better cognitive and emotional outcomes in children, fish is also a primary source of exposure to methyl mercury (MeHg), which has been linked to poorer child cognitive outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between MeHg exposure, using calculated MeHg exposure from maternal diet and total mercury (Hg) concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy, and child internalising and externalising behaviours at 3 and 5 years of age.Design and participantsThe study sample comprised 51 238 mother–child pairs in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Data on maternal blood Hg concentration in gestational week 18 were available for a sub-sample of 2936 women. Maternal MeHg exposure from diet was calculated from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire answered in mid-pregnancy. Mothers reported children’s emotional behaviour at age 3 and 5 years by questionnaires including twenty items from the Child Behaviour Checklist. Longitudinal associations were examined using generalised estimating equations, adjusted for potential confounders and stratified by maternal fish intake.ResultsMaternal blood Hg concentration (median=1.02 µg/L, 90th percentile=2.22, range=0–13.8) was not associated with emotional behaviour in children. Increasing dietary MeHg intake (median 0.15 µg/kg body weight/week, 90th percentiles=0.31, range=0–1.86) was significantly associated with lower internalising β=−0.03 (95% CI −0.05 to –0.00) and externalising child behaviours β=−0.04 (95% CI −0.07 to –0.02) in adjusted models. The inverse associations were also apparent when stratifying by low/high maternal fish intake (<400 and ≥400 g/week).ConclusionsThe results indicated that prenatal MeHg exposure, well below the weekly tolerable intake established by European Food Safety Authority (1.3 µg/kg bw), did not adversely affect child emotional regulation. Children of mothers consuming fish regularly were less likely to show signs of emotional behavioural problems.
Neratinib plus capecitabine versus lapatinib plus capecitabine as the third-line therapy for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wu Yue , Dong Zhu , Wang Jiangfeng , Fang Qingxia 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveNeratinib plus capecitabine (Ner+Cap) were proved to be clinically beneficial as a third-line treatment for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Ner+Cap from the Chinese healthcare perspective.DesignA three-state Markov simulation model was performed based on the results of NALA trial. The utilities of health state and disutilities of adverse events were derived from the published literature. Direct costs of anticancer agents, drug administration, routine follow-up and serious adverse events management were calculated in the model. Uncertainty was evaluated through univariate and probability sensitivity analysis.ParticipantsPatients with confirmed HER2-positive MBC who previously received at least two HER2-targeted treatments and were aged ≥18 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1. A total of 621 patients were enrolled in the NALA trial.InterventionsThird-line treatment with Ner+Cap or lapatinib plus capecitabine (Lap+Cap).Main outcome measuresThe primary health outcomes of the model were costs, expected life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).ResultsWhen compared with Lap+Cap, Ner+Cap provided an additional 0.431 LYs and 0.339 QALYs, and increased the cost by $4299.2. The corresponding ICERs were 9970.1/LY and $12 670.2/QALY. Univariate sensitivity analyses suggested that the results were generally robust. Besides, Ner+Cap had a 100% probability of being cost-effective according to probabilistic sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsNer+Cap was likely to be a cost-effective regimen as the third-line therapy for women with HER2-positive MBC at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $37 653.0/QALY in China.
Discrepancies of recurrent birth intervals using longitudinal data analysis in Ethiopia: interim EDHS 2019
Authors: Tesfaw Lijalem Melie , Workie Demeke Lakew , Dessie Zelalem G. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether the birth interval changes differently over time among women in Ethiopia and whether the change depends on women, children and household characteristics measured at the last visit.MethodsLongitudinal study design was implemented based on the data obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey consisting of a total of 3630 mothers. Generalised estimating equation and generalised linear mixed model were employed to estimate the effect of the determinants given the correlation between birth intervals within a mother is under consideration.ResultsThe majority of women were Muslims (48.1%) and come from rural areas (82.2%). About 77.2% of women at first birth were below 20 years old. A significant correlation (p value<0.0001) between the first and second birth intervals of mothers was observed. The estimated birth interval of women from the poorest household was 0.877 (e−0.1317) times the estimated birth intervals of women from the richest household. This indicates richest households were likely to have higher birth intervals as compared with the poorest households (95% CI e−0.1754=0.839 to e−0.088=0.916).ConclusionThe birth intervals of over one-fifth of mothers were 1 year, less than the birth interval recommended by the WHO standard. It was also perceived that successive birth intervals are correlated. Mothers who have delivered female children had lower birth intervals than mothers who have delivered male children. As compared with the birth intervals of mothers from a household with higher economic status, the birth intervals of mothers from a household with lower economic status had lower birth intervals. In this study, significant effects of religion, contraceptive use, region, mothers’ current age, education level and mothers’ current marital status on birth intervals were also noted.
Developing a video expert panel as a reference standard to evaluate respiratory rate counting in paediatric pneumonia diagnosis: protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Ahad Mahmud , Ahmed Salahuddin , Chowdhury Nabidul Haque , Islam Md Shafiqul , McCollum Eric D , King Carina , Shi Ting , Nahar Kamrun , Simpson Robynne , Ahmed Ayaz , Rahman Md Mozibur , Baqui Abdullah H , Cunningham Steve , Campbell Harry 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionManual counting of respiratory rate (RR) in children is challenging for health workers and can result in misdiagnosis of pneumonia. Some novel RR counting devices automate the counting of RR and classification of fast breathing. The absence of an appropriate reference standard to evaluate the performance of these devices is a challenge. If good quality videos could be captured, with RR interpretation from these videos systematically conducted by an expert panel, it could act as a reference standard. This study is designed to develop a video expert panel (VEP) as a reference standard to evaluate RR counting for identifying pneumonia in children.Methods and analysisUsing a cross-sectional design, we will enrol children aged 0–59 months presenting with suspected pneumonia at different levels of health facilities in Dhaka and Sylhet, Bangladesh. We will videorecord a physician/health worker counting RR manually and also using an automated RR counter (Children’s Automated Respiration Monitor) from each child. We will establish a standard operating procedure for capturing quality videos, make a set of reference videos, and train and standardise the VEP members using the reference videos. After that, we will assess the performance of the VEP as a reference standard to evaluate RR counting. We will calculate the mean difference and proportions of agreement within±2 breaths per minute and create Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement between VEP members.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Committee of Bangladesh Medical Research Council, Bangladesh (registration number: 39315022021) and Edinburgh Medical School Research Ethics Committee (EMREC), Edinburgh, UK (REC Reference: 21-EMREC-040). Dissemination of the study findings will be through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Role of ethnicity in high-level obstetric clinical incidents: a review of cases from a large UK NHS maternity unit
Authors: Farrant Kimberley , Faluyi David , Watson Kylie , Vause Sarah , Birds Heather , Rowbotham Shirley , Heazell Alexander EP 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionWomen from ethnic minority groups are at more risk of adverse outcomes in pregnancy compared with those from white British groups; suboptimal care may contribute to this increased risk. This study aimed to examine serious clinical incidents at two maternity units to explore causative factors for women from ethnic minorities and determine whether these differed from white women.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all serious incidents (n=36) occurring in a large National Health Service maternity provider (~14 000 births per annum) between 2018 and 2020. Data were collected from case records for variables which could mediate the association between ethnicity and adverse outcome. The incident reviews were blinded and reviewed by two independent investigators and data regarding root causes and contributory factors were extracted.ResultsFourteen of the 36 incidents (39%) occurred in women from minority ethnic groups, which is comparable to the maternity population. Women involved in serious clinical incidents frequently had pre-existing medical or obstetric complications. Booking after 12 weeks’ gestation occurred more frequently in women from minority ethnic groups than in the background population. There were differences in root causes of serious incidents between groups, a lack of situational awareness was the most frequent cause in white women and staff workload was most frequent in women from minority ethnic groups. Communication issues and detection of deterioration were similar between the two groups.DiscussionAlthough there was no difference in the proportion of serious incidents between the groups, there were differences in medical and pregnancy-related risk factors between groups and in the root causes identified. Efforts are needed to ensure equity of early access to antenatal care and to ensure that there is adequate staffing to ensure that women’s needs are met; this is particularly cogent when there are complex medical or social needs.
X-linked variations inSHROOM4are implicated in congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the anorectal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems
Authors: Kolvenbach Caroline M , Felger Tim , Schierbaum Luca , Thiffault Isabelle , Pastinen Tomi , Szczepańska Maria , Zaniew Marcin , Adamczyk Piotr , Bayat Allan , Yilmaz Öznur , Lindenberg Tobias T , Thiele Holger , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Hinderhofer Katrin , Moog Ute , Hilger Alina C , Sullivan Bonnie , Bartik Lauren , Gnyś Piotr , Grote Phillip , Odermatt Benjamin , Reutter Heiko M , Dworschak Gabriel C 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSHROOM4is thought to play an important role in cytoskeletal modification and development of the early nervous system. Previously, single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or copy number variations (CNVs) inSHROOM4have been associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder Stocco dos Santos syndrome, but not with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the visceral or the cardiovascular system.MethodsHere, exome sequencing and CNV analyses besides expression studies in zebrafish and mouse andknockdown(KD) experiments using a splice blocking morpholino in zebrafish were performed to study the role ofSHROOM4during embryonic development.ResultsIn this study, we identified putative disease-causing SNVs and CNVs inSHROOM4in six individuals from four families with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the anorectal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems (CNS). Embryonic mouse and zebrafish expression studies showedShroom4expression in the upper and lower urinary tract, the developing cloaca, the heart and the cerebral CNS. KD studies in zebrafish larvae revealed pronephric cysts, anomalies of the cloaca and the heart, decreased eye-to-head ratio and higher mortality compared with controls. These phenotypes could be rescued by co-injection of human wild-typeSHROOM4mRNA and morpholino.ConclusionThe identified SNVs and CNVs in affected individuals with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract, the anorectal, the cardiovascular and the central nervous systems, and subsequent embryonic mouse and zebrafish studies suggestSHROOM4as a developmental gene for different organ systems.
Characterising heart rhythm abnormalities associated with Xp22.31 deletion
Authors: Wren Georgina , Baker Emily , Underwood Jack , Humby Trevor , Thompson Andrew , Kirov George , Escott-Price Valentina , Davies William 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundGenetic deletions at Xp22.31 are associated with the skin condition X linked ichthyosis (XLI), and with a substantially increased risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), in males. AF is associated with elevated thrombosis, heart failure, stroke and dementia risk.MethodsThrough: (a) examining deletion carriers with a diagnosis of AF in UK Biobank, (b) undertaking an online survey regarding abnormal heart rhythms (AHRs) in men/boys with XLI and female carriers of XLI-associated deletions and (c) screening for association between common genetic variants within Xp22.31 and idiopathic AF-related conditions in UK Biobank, we have investigated how AHRs manifest in deletion carriers, and have identified associated risk factors/comorbidities and candidate gene(s). Finally, we examined attitudes towards heart screening in deletion carriers.ResultsWe show that AHRs may affect up to 35% of deletion carriers (compared with <20% of age-matched non-carriers), show no consistent pattern of onset but may be precipitated by stress, and typically resolve quickly and respond well to intervention. Gastrointestinal (GI) conditions and asthma/anaemia were the most strongly associated comorbidities in male and female deletion carriers with AHR, respectively. Genetic analysis indicated significant enrichment of common AF risk variants aroundSTS(7 065 298–7 272 682 bp in GRCh37/hg19 genome build) in males, and of common GI disorder and asthma/anaemia risk variants aroundPNPLA4(7 866 804–7 895 780 bp) in males and females, respectively. Deletion carriers were overwhelmingly in favour of cardiac screening implementation.ConclusionOur data suggest AHRs are frequently associated with Xp22.31 deletion, and highlight subgroups of deletion carriers that may be prioritised for screening. Examining cardiac function further in deletion carriers, and in model systems lacking steroid sulfatase, may clarify AF pathophysiology.
Goals of care changes after acute ischaemic stroke: decision frequency and predictors
Authors: Hausammann Raphaela , Maslias Errikos , Amiguet Michael , Jox Ralf J , Borasio Gian Domenico , Michel Patrik 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesLittle is known about the factors leading to a change in goals of care (CGC) in patients with an acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Our aim was to analyse the proportion and outcome of such patients and identify medical predictors of a CGC during acute hospitalisation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who had an AIS over a 13-year period from the prospectively constructed Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne. We compared patients with a CGC during the acute hospital phase to all other patients and identified associated clinical and radiological variables using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA CGC decision was taken in 440/4264 (10.3%) consecutive patients who had an AIS. The most powerful acute phase predictors of a CGC were transit through the intensive care unit, older age, pre-existing disability, higher stroke severity and initial decreased level of consciousness. Adding subacute phase variables, we also identified active oncological disease, fever and poor recanalisation as predictors. 76.6% of the CGC patients died in the stroke unit and 1.0% of other patients, and 30.5% of patients with a CGC received a palliative care consultation. At 12 months, 93.6% of patients with CGC had died, compared with 10.1% of non-CGC patients.ConclusionsOver three-quarters of AIS patients with CGC died in hospital, but less than a third received a palliative care consultation. The identified clinical and radiological predictors of a CGC may allow physicians to initiate timely the decision-making process for a possible CGC.
Venous thromboembolism among Medicare acute ischaemic stroke patients with and without COVID-19
Authors: Tong Xin , Yang Quanhe , Asaithambi Ganesh , Merritt Robert K 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study examined the prevalence of VTE among acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients with and without a history of COVID-19.MethodsWe identified AIS hospitalisations of Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries aged ≥65 years from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2022. We compared the prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratio of VTE among AIS patients with and without a history of COVID-19.ResultsAmong 283 034 Medicare FFS beneficiaries with AIS hospitalisations, the prevalence of VTE was 4.51%, 2.96% and 2.61% among those with a history of hospitalised COVID-19, non-hospitalised COVID-19 and without COVID-19, respectively. As compared with patients without a history of COVID-19, the prevalence of VTE among patients with a history of hospitalised or non-hospitalised COVID-19 were 1.62 (95% CI 1.54 to 1.70) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.23) times greater, respectively.ConclusionsThere appeared to be a notably higher prevalence of VTE among Medicare beneficiaries with AIS accompanied by a current or prior COVID-19. Early recognition of coagulation abnormalities and appropriate interventions may help improve patients’ clinical outcomes.
CompOSE reference manual
Authors:   CompOSE Core Team, Typel S. , Oertel M. , Klähn T. , Chatterjee D. , Dexheimer V. , Ishizuka C. , Mancini M. , Novak J. , Pais H. , Providência C. , R. Raduta Ad. , Servillat M. , Tolos L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
CompOSE (CompStar Online Supernovae Equations of State) is an online repository of equations of state (EoS) for use in nuclear physics and astrophysics, e.g., in the description of compact stars or the simulation of core-collapse supernovae and neutron-star mergers, see . The main services, offered via the website, are: a collection of data tables in a flexible and easily extendable data format for different EoS types and related physical quantities with extensive documentation and referencing; software for download to extract and to interpolate these data and to calculate additional quantities; webtools to generate EoS tables that are customized to the needs of the users and to illustrate dependencies of various EoS quantities in graphical form. This manual is an update of previous versions that are available on the CompOSE website, at , and that was originally published in the journal “Physics of Particles and Nuclei” with . It contains a detailed description of the service, containing a general introduction as well as instructions for potential contributors and for users. Short versions of the manual for EoS users and providers will also be available as separate publications.

Graphical Abstract
The solution to the ‘1/2 vs 3/2’ puzzle
Authors: Wang Guo-Li , Li Qiang , Wang Tianhong , Feng Tai-Fu , Wu Xing-Gang , Chang Chao-Hsi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing an almost complete relativistic method based on the Bethe–Salpeter equation, we study the mixing angle $$\theta $$
θ
, the mass splitting $$\bigtriangleup M$$

△
M

, the strong decay widths $$\Gamma (D^{({\prime })}_1)$$

Γ
(

D
1

(
′
)

)

and the weak production rates $$Br(B\rightarrow D^{({\prime })}_1\ell \nu _{\ell })$$

B
r
(
B
→

D
1

(
′
)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

)

of the $$D_1(2420)$$

D
1

(
2420
)

and $$D_1^{\prime }(2430)$$

D
1
′

(
2430
)

. We find there is the strong cancellation between the $$^1P_1$$

1

P
1

and $$^3P_1$$

3

P
1

partial waves in $$D_1^{\prime }(2430)$$

D
1
′

(
2430
)

with $$\theta \sim -\,35.3^{\circ }$$

θ
∼
-

35
.

3
∘

, which leads to the ‘1/2 vs 3/2’ puzzle. The puzzle can not be overcome by adding only relativistic corrections since in a large parameter range where $$\bigtriangleup M$$

△
M

is linear varying and not small, the $$\theta $$
θ
, $$\Gamma (D^{({\prime })}_1)$$

Γ
(

D
1

(
′
)

)

and $$Br(B\rightarrow D^{({\prime })}_1\ell \nu _{\ell })$$

B
r
(
B
→

D
1

(
′
)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

)

remain almost unchanged but conflict with data. While in a special range around the mass inverse point where $$\bigtriangleup M=0$$

△
M
=
0

and $$\theta =\pm \, 90^{\circ }$$

θ
=
±

90
∘

, they change rapidly but we find the windows where $$\bigtriangleup M$$

△
M

, $$\Gamma (D^{({\prime })}_1)$$

Γ
(

D
1

(
′
)

)

and $$Br(B\rightarrow D^{({\prime })}_1\ell \nu _{\ell })$$

B
r
(
B
→

D
1

(
′
)

ℓ

ν
ℓ

)

are all consistent with data. The small $$\bigtriangleup M$$

△
M

confirmed by experiment, is crucial to solve the ‘1/2 vs 3/2’ puzzle.
The role of density inhomogeneity and anisotropy in the final outcome of dissipative collapse
Authors: Zitha Vusi M. , Govender Wesley , Govender Megandhren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we employ the “horizon” function introduced by Ivanov (Int J Mod Phys D 25:1650049, 2016b) to study radiating stellar models with a generalized Vaidya exterior. Since the star is dissipating energy in the form of a radial heat flux, the radial pressure at the boundary is non-vanishing. We study the boundary condition which encodes the temporal behaviour of the model. Utilizing a scheme developed by Ivanov, we provide several solutions to the modified junction condition. We show that the presence of strings, allow for the collapse to a black hole or the complete burning of a star.
Equitable critical graphs
Authors: Jency Loura , Raj Benedict Michael 
Published: November 2022

A proper vertex coloring of a graph [Formula: see text] is equitable if the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic number of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is equitably [Formula: see text]-colorable. In this paper, we discuss some basic properties of equitable critical graphs as well as equitable [Formula: see text]-critical graphs. A graph [Formula: see text] is called equitable critical if [Formula: see text] for every proper subgraph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is called equitable [Formula: see text]-critical if it is equitable [Formula: see text]-chromatic and equitable critical. Furthermore, we discuss that equitable vertex (edge) critical, equitable critical vertex (edge) graphs.