bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of peer bullying and poverty on suicidality in Chinese left behind adolescents: The mediating role of psychotic‐like experiences
Authors: Li Bin , Hu Tao , Tang Wanjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThis study investigated the influence of childhood adversity, such as peer bullying and socioeconomic status, on the suicidal behaviour of left‐behind Chinese adolescents to determine whether psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) mediated the associations between these childhood adversities and suicidality; suicidal ideation (serious thoughts about taking one's own life), suicide plans, and suicide attempts.MethodsA representative group of rural adolescents (n = 3346) was recruited from 16 rural high schools in China. Suicidality was assessed using the suicide module from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid. Participants also completed questionnaires on bullying, socioeconomic status, left‐behind characteristics, and PLEs. Structural equation modelling was then employed to explore the relationships between these variables.ResultsPeer bullying, poverty, and left‐behind status were all found to significantly increase adolescent suicide risk, the relationships between which were mediated by PLEs. Peer bullying was found to play the most significant role in the PLEs and suicidality, with the risk of suicide increasing with the length of time a child had been left behind.ConclusionAdverse life events can lead to a high risk of PLEs, which in turn can increase the risk of suicide. These results could assist in identifying individuals at risk of suicidality and the design of appropriate interventions. The results also highlighted the role PLEs play in suicidality and highlighted the need for further research in this area.
Investigating the utility of saliva immunoglobulins for the detection of myeloma and using myeloma proteins to clarify partition between oral and systemic immunity
Authors: Heaney Jennifer L. J. , Faustini Sian , Evans Lili , Rapson Alec , Collman Emily , Emery Annabelle , Campbell John P. , Moore Sally , Goodall Margaret , Afzal Zaheer , Chapple Iain L. , Pratt Guy , Drayson Mark T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesMyeloma is characterised by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin (M‐protein) and the free light chain (FLC) in blood. We investigated whether these M‐proteins and FLC are detectable in myeloma patients’ saliva to evaluate its utility for non‐invasive screening and monitoring of haematological malignancies.MethodsA total of 57 patients with monoclonal gammopathy and 26 age‐matched healthy participants provided paired serum and saliva samples for immunoglobulin characterisation and quantification.ResultsMyeloma patients had IgG or IgA M‐protein levels ranging up to five times and FLC levels up to a thousand times normal levels of polyclonal immunoglobulins. Despite these highly elevated levels, only two IgG and no IgA M‐proteins or FLC could be detected in paired saliva samples. Most patients had reduced levels of serum polyclonal immunoglobulins, but all had normal levels of salivary IgA.ConclusionsImmunoglobulin transfer from blood is not determined by levels in the systemic circulation and more likely dictated by periodontal inflammation and the integrity of the oral epithelium. Immunoglobulins secreted by bone marrow plasma cells do not substantially enter saliva, which represents a poor medium for myeloma diagnosis. These findings, along with normal salivary IgA levels despite systemic immunoparesis, support a strong partitioning of oral from systemic humoral immunity.
Persistent opioid use in patients with multiple myeloma post‐ASCT
Authors: Danish Matthew L. , Shah Mansi R. , Lin Yong , Ho Joseph K. , Copeland Tabitha M. , Cooper Dennis L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeBone pain is a common presenting symptom of multiple myeloma (MM) and is frequently treated with opioids in addition to myeloma directed therapy. With improved response and survival with modern myeloma therapy, it is important to re‐examine the role of opioids in managing symptomatic myeloma.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with myeloma at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (RCINJ) who received an ASCT between January 1, 2012, and December 30, 2017, and who had subsequent follow‐up (a total of 138 patients). We sought information specifically from the visits after induction therapy but prior to ASCT, at 100 days and 1‐year post‐ASCT follow‐up visits. We compared opioid users and non‐users in relation to treatment response, co‐morbid conditions, and symptoms. We also examined amounts, duration, and odds of continued opioid use.ResultsAt the time of the first analysis (before transplant), 34.8% of patients were using opioids and opioid use was more frequent in younger patients and, as expected, in patients with bone lesions. At 1 year, 31.9% of patients were still using opioids and continued opioid use was not correlated with disease response. Of the patients using opioids at the time of transplant, 58% either maintained their opioid dose or increased it at 1‐year post‐transplant.ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis shows that despite a small decrease in opioid use over time, opioid use remains frequent in MM patients and is correlated with younger age and bone involvement but not with response to therapy. Over half the patients using opioids at the time of transplant continued or increased opioid use over the following year. With increasing survival in myeloma patients, further attention is required to distinguish cancer pain from chronic pain in cancer patients.
A diagnostic score for anti‐myelin‐associated‐glycoprotein neuropathy or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in patients with anti‐myelin‐associated‐glycoprotein antibody
Authors: Doneddu Pietro E. , Ruiz Marta , Bianchi Elisa , Liberatore Giuseppe , Manganelli Fiore , Cocito Dario , Cosentino Giuseppe , Benedetti Luana , Marfia Girola A. , Filosto Massimiliano , Briani Chiara , Giannotta Claudia , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeA diagnostic score was developed to discriminate anti‐myelin‐associated‐glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and applied it to patients with atypical anti‐MAG neuropathy.MethodsThe clinical and electrophysiological features of patients with a diagnosis of typical anti‐MAG neuropathy were compared to those of patients with a diagnosis of CIDP. The association of each feature with the diagnosis was assessed in the two groups. Features showing a significant association with the diagnosis were included in a multivariable logistic regression model and adjusted odds ratios were estimated for each feature. A score ranging from 1 to 3 was applied to each feature based on the magnitude of the estimated odds ratios. The score was then applied to patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP who also had high anti‐MAG antibody titers (CIDP‐MAG).ResultsThirty‐one anti‐MAG neuropathy patients, 45 typical CIDP patients and 16 CIDP‐MAG patients were included. Scores in anti‐MAG antibody patients ranged from 1 to 5 and in CIDP patients from −7 to −1. Using the score, 4/16 CIDP‐MAG patients were diagnosed to have anti‐MAG neuropathy and 12/16 patients to have CIDP. Response to intravenous immunoglobulin in the CIDP‐MAG patients classified as CIDP was similar to that of definite CIDP patients and higher than that of anti‐MAG neuropathy patients.ConclusionsOur score allowed an accurate discrimination to be made, amongst patients with anti‐MAG antibodies, of those affected by CIDP and the patients with anti‐MAG neuropathy. This score may help proper treatment to be chosen for patients with anti‐MAG antibodies with a CIDP‐like presentation.
Parental preferences for seizure detection devices: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: van Westrhenen Anouk , Wijnen Ben F. M. , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies identified essential user preferences for seizure detection devices (SDDs), without addressing their relative strength. We performed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to quantify attributes' strength, and to identify the determinants of user SDD preferences.MethodsWe designed an online questionnaire targeting parents of children with epilepsy to define the optimal balance between SDD sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) while accounting for individual seizure frequency. We selected five DCE attributes from a recent study. Using a Bayesian design, we constructed 11 unique choice tasks and analyzed these using a mixed multinomial logit model.ResultsOne hundred parents responded to the online questionnaire link; 49 completed all tasks, whereas 28 completed the questions, but not the DCE. Most parents preferred a relatively high sensitivity (80%–90%) over a high PPV (>50%). The preferred sensitivity‐to‐PPV ratio correlated with seizure frequency (r = −.32), with a preference for relative high sensitivity and low PPV among those with relative low seizure frequency (p = .04). All DCE attributes significantly impacted parental choices. Parents expressed preferences for consulting a neurologist before device use, personally training the device's algorithm, interaction with their child via audio and video, alarms for all seizure types, and an interface detailing measurements during an alarm. Preferences varied between subgroups (learning disability or not, SDD experience, relative low vs. high seizure frequency based on the population median).SignificanceVarious attributes impact parental SDD preferences and may explain why preferences vary among users. Tailored approaches may help to meet the contrasting needs among SDD users.
Detecting pulmonary oedema in lung resection patient through point‐of‐care lung ultrasonography
Authors: Zhao Xiaoning , Liu Yong , Sun Mingyan , Wang Yingying , Qian Bailing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pulmonary oedema is an outstanding postoperative complexity brought about by numerous etiological variables and which can be effectively recognized through careful control during the postoperative period. Lung ultrasound (LUS) was utilized for the non‐obtrusive recognition of pulmonary oedema. Semi‐quantitative visual LUS scores (visual LUS [V‐LUS]) in light of B‐lines correspond decently with pulmonary capillary pressure (PCWP) and extravascular lung water (EVLW).MethodsSeventy‐eight patients with pulmonary resection and pulmonary ultrasound at the time of treatment were examined. Cardiopulmonary echocardiography was performed on the first day before and after the operation, and the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was measured after the operation. B‐lines from B‐score were measured through lung ultrasound. Each region was classified as “B0” if fewer than three B‐lines were identified in the entire intercostal space. “B1” if there were at least three B‐lines in at least one intercostal space, “B2” in the presence of the “white lung field”. B‐score were recorded at baseline (T0, before operation), after 1 day (T1), after 2 days (T2), after 3 days (T3), after 5 days (T5), after 7 days (T7), after 9 days (T9). Statistical software was used for the measurement of statistical correlations.Results(1) The total number of B‐lines is negatively correlated with oxygen and the index (r = −0.50, p < 0.001). (2) The B‐score appeared significantly with 86% of T1 to T3 and disappeared in 83% from T7 to T9 existed in 17% (3). The logistic regression analysis showed that the surgical method influenced the total number of B‐lines.ConclusionsLUS optimizes treatment by identifying subclinical pulmonary oedema, which facilitates early detection of pulmonary oedema and improves the prognosis.
Assessing the combined threats of artificial light at night and air pollution for the world’s nocturnally migrating birds
Authors: La Sorte Frank A. , Aronson Myla F. J. , Lepczyk Christopher A. , Horton Kyle G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTwo important environmental hazards for nocturnally migrating birds are artificial light at night (ALAN) and air pollution, with ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) considered to be especially harmful. Nocturnally migrating birds are attracted to ALAN during seasonal migration, which could increase exposure to PM2.5. Here, we examine PM2.5concentrations and PM2.5trends and the spatial correlation between ALAN and PM2.5within the geographical ranges of the world’s nocturnally migrating birds.LocationGlobal.Time period1998–2018.Major taxa studiedNocturnally migrating birds.MethodsWe intersected a global database of annual mean PM2.5concentrations over a 21‐year period (1998–2018) with the geographical ranges (breeding, non‐breeding and regions of passage) of 225 nocturnally migrating bird species in three migration flyways (Americas,n = 143; Africa–Europe,n = 36; and East Asia–Australia,n = 46). For each species, we estimated PM2.5concentrations and trends and measured the correlation between ALAN and PM2.5, which we summarized by season and flyway.ResultsCorrelations between ALAN and PM2.5were significantly positive across all seasons and flyways. The East Asia–Australia flyway had the strongest ALAN–PM2.5correlations within regions of passage, the highest PM2.5concentrations across all three seasons and the strongest positive PM2.5trends on the non‐breeding grounds and within regions of passage. The Americas flyway had the strongest negative air pollution trends on the non‐breeding grounds and within regions of passage. The breeding grounds had similarly negative air pollution trends within the three flyways.Main conclusionsThe combined threats of ALAN and air pollution are greatest and likely to be increasing within the East Asia–Australia flyway and lowest and likely to be decreasing within the Americas and Africa–Europe flyways. Reversing PM2.5trends in the East Asia–Australia flyway and maintaining negative PM2.5trends in the Americas and Africa–Europe flyways while reducing ALAN levels would likely be beneficial for the nocturnally migrating bird populations in each region.
A new currency for paid care: Circles of reciprocity
Authors: Regev‐Messalem Shiri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe article offers a fresh perspective on the social value of paid care, and how we, as a society, can assign its full value. The social importance of paid care is highly reliant on the nonmarket attributes of the care offered. Thus, care is extremely valuable when it is bestowed with loving presence, kindness, and concern. The nonmarket characteristics of care work establish unique types of ties that transform egoistic individuals into a human society. However, the social import of this work is not acknowledged when we rely on the market to reflect care's value. Flattening the value of care solely based on its market dimension may lead to care being emptied of its nonmarket elements over time, transforming the essence of care, the relationships within which care is given as well as the identity and social fabric of the welfare state. To sustain and foster the nonmarket attributes of paid care, the article proposes a theoretical notion of reciprocity—rather than exchange—on the axis between the family, the community, and the state as a way to ascribe nonmonetized value to these attributes.
Adaptive response and tolerance to weak acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii: a metabolomics approach
Authors: Fu Junjie , Liu Chaolan , Li Li , Liu Jun , Tie Yu , Wen Xueping , Zhao Qikai , Qiao Zongwei , An Zheming , Zheng Jia 
Published: February 2022

SummaryWeak acids inhibit the growth of probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii. We explored the tolerance of S. boulardii to different weak acids. S. boulardii had better fermentation ability under lactic acid conditions compared with acetic and butyric acid conditions; however, the budding of S. boulardii was significantly stronger than that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under acetic acid conditions. Although the surface structure of S. boulardii was destroyed, it produced more daughter cells. S. boulardii metabolites were also significantly different from S. cerevisiae under acidic stress. The growth of S. boulardii under weak acid conditions differed significantly from that of S. cerevisiae. S. boulardii‐mediated fingerprints under weak acid conditions were identified as latent biomarkers, related to fructose and mannose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the glycolysis pathway. Identified biomarkers will aid in the genetic engineering of S. boulardii and other Saccharomyces strains for improved acid resistance and biomass yield.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the structure and retrogradation inhibition of oat starch
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Meili , Zhang Yakun , Bai Xue , Wang Chen 
Published: February 2022

SummaryAs a non‐thermal processing technology, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) can be used for starch modification without affecting the quality and flavour constituents. The effect of HHP on starch is closely related to the treatment pressure of HHP. In this paper, we investigated the impacts of HHP treatment pressure (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 MPa) on the microstructure and retrogradation characteristics of oat starch, established the retrogradation kinetic model and elaborated the mechanism of HHP treatment inhibiting the retrogradation of oat starch. Results show that HHP treatment caused the microstructure of oat starch experienced crystallisation perfection (100–300 MPa), crystallisation destruction (400 MPa), crystallisation disintegration and gelatinisation (500–600 MPa). Results of oat starch retrogradation showed that, after treated at 500 MPa for 15 min, the recrystallisation rate of oat starch was reduced, the formation of nuclei at the early stage of oat starch retrogradation suppressed and its nucleation mode was changed from instantaneous to spontaneous, otherwise, the mobility of water in oat starch gel system reduced. Therefore, 500 MPa treated for 15 min can inhibits the retrogradation of oat starch. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of HHP technology in starch modification and food processing.
Early dynamics of circulating tumor DNA predict clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Koh Yoko , Nakano Kosuke , Katayama Kotoe , Yamamichi Gaku , Yumiba Satoru , Tomiyama Eisuke , Matsushita Makoto , Hayashi Yujiro , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Ujike Takeshi , Imamura Ryoichi , Yamaguchi Rui , Imoto Seiya , Shiotsu Yukimasa , Nonomura Norio , Uemura Motohide 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesDetection of genomic alterations in circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid of peripheral blood can guide the selection of systemic therapy in cancer patients. The predictive significance of circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid in metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains unclear, especially for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.MethodsIn this study, we collected plasma samples before and 1 month after commencing nivolumab monotherapy or nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy from 14 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. We performed circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid genomic profiling in plasma cell‐free deoxyribonucleic acid by next‐generation sequencing using a commercially available pan‐cancer panel (Guardant360 CDx). Additionally, we also performed whole exome sequencing of tumor tissues and compared the concordance of genomic profiles with circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid.ResultsNine patients had circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid in pretreatment plasma samples with a total of 20 mutations (15 single nucleotide variants, three insertions/deletions, and two copy number amplification). VHL (30.0%) was the most frequently mutated gene, followed by TP53 (20.0%), and 45.0% of circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid mutations were concordant with somatic mutations in tumor tissues. Patients with decreasing circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid mutant allele frequency had better progression free survival when compared to those with increasing mutant allele frequency (P = 0.0441).ConclusionsOur findings revealed that early circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid dynamics can serve as a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients.
Identification and functional analysis of carbonyl reductases related to tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Liang Dan , Shu Rui , Jiang Song , Yang Liangli , Wang Ying , Zhao Yue , Cai Yangyang , Xie Ruiping , Meng Yan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe superfamily of short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) is crucial in biosynthetic and signalling pathways, in which the carbonyl reductases (CBRs) subfamily is important in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is an essential coenzyme for animals, and its deficiency can lead to neurological diseases. There are few reports on CBRs involved in BH4 synthesis of silkworms, Bombyx mori. Here, we identified 67 SDR genes in B. mori (BmSDR) through whole genome survey for the first time. Based on bioinformatics analyses and KEGG verification, four BmCBRs that may be related to BH4 synthesis were further characterized and functionally analysed. The results showed these four genes were high expressed in the head and gonads of ah09 (a lem mutant with defective BH4 synthesis). Enzyme activity, BH4 content and the related gene expression levels after intracellular interference with BmCBR and the main catalytic enzymes sepiapterin reductase of B. mori (BmSpr) in the de novo pathway of BH4 showed BmCBR2 plays a role in the salvage pathway. BmCBR3 and BmCBR4 regulate BH4 synthesis through the alternative pathway. Among the four pathways of silkworm BH4 synthesis, the de novo pathway occupies the dominant position, followed by the alternative pathway and salvage pathway. According to the overexpression of BmCBR3 after interference with BmSpr, the BH4 content did not change significantly. It is speculated that BmCBR3 is located upstream of BmSpr. These results provide a theoretical basis for in‐depth exploration of the role of BmSDR in B. mori and also provide clues for the research of other animal‐related diseases.